bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence estimate of Cancer Cases in State/UT of India from 2018 to 2021-v-1
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate
Published: May 2022

The data on cancer is provided by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) in India. This article contains 4 years (2018–2021) incidence data analysis from the network of cancer registries in India working under the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP). This study examined the cancer incidence, from 28 PBCRs and 58 HBCRs. The annual growth rates of cancer incidence were calculated by dividing current year incidence from previous year incidence and multiplying it with 100. This study provides the status and trends of cancer incidence in India. This snapshot short study will help decision makers to think for action to improve measures of cancer prevention and control to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Design of Attributes Control Charts for Defects Based on Type-2 Fuzzy Sets with Real Case Studies from Automotive Industry
Authors: kaya ihsan , Devrim Elif , Baraçlı Hayri
Published: May 2022

Statistical process control (SPC) that generally relies on the use of control charts (CCs) to monitor a manufacturing process for identifying special causes and signals for correct actions in the process is a critical and important approach to evaluate processes for improving quality and reducing reworks and scraps. So that their effects can be found and the necessary preventive action can be suggested before a large number of nonconforming products are manufactured. The determination of variability that can follow by CCS affects the cost and quality of process. To eliminate the high scrap ratio, rework cost, and to ensure customer satisfaction, CCs are effective quality tools to determine whether a process is in-control or out of control in a production environment. Currently, there are many applications in the industry where quality characteristics of a product or a process are analyzed by CCs. Monitoring of some types of quality characteristics are not correct, if the quality-related characteristics cannot be represented in numerical forms, such as characteristics for appearance, softness, color, then CCs for attributes are used. The theory of classical CCs requires all the data to be exactly known. But sometimes, we need human judgments and evaluations to construct CCs or process’ uncertainities cannot be defined by crisp numbers. In these cases, we can successfully use the fuzzy set theory (FST) to design CCs based on attributes. The major contribution of FST is its capability of representing vague data or managing uncertainty. FST is a systematic base in dealing with situations, which are ambiguous or not well defined. Fuzzy control charts (FCCs) based on human judgments, uncertainties, or vagueness are utilized when vague data is used as real-valued interpretations of uncertainty and vagueness. Recently, extensions of fuzzy sets are often used to manage unceratinties of process. We also know that one of the extensions of FST named type-2 fuzzy sets has fuzzy membership degrees that ability for more flexible modeling uncertainties than type-1 fuzzy sets or traditional fuzzy sets. This paper presents a design of CCs for nonconformities called control charts for attributes based on type-2 fuzzy sets and a real case application in the automotive sector. The control limits (CLs) and central limit (CL) values have been obtained. Two well-known attributes control charts named and have been designed and analyzed based on type-2 fuzzy sets for this aim. The obtained results show that it provides a more sensitive and flexible evaluation opportunity compared to the CCs.
Evaluation of Potential Locations for Hydropower Plants by Using a Fuzzy Based Methodology Consists of Two-Dimensional Uncertain Linguistic Variables
Authors: kaya ihsan , Işık Gürkan , Karaşan Ali , Gündoğdu Fatma Kutlu , Baraçlı Hayri
Published: May 2022

Hydropower is one of the most efficient renewable energy sources for the sustainability of the environment if the plant location is well decided. The plant location should satisfy different criteria emerged by a wide range of criteria, consisting of law, environment, and the expectations of the investors and residents. Some of these criteria can be conflicting. Some of them may also be in a relationship with each other. Moreover, they may be evaluated in a system that contains uncertainty consisting of a lack of information, impreciseness in the data, and human hesitancy. These aspects can be a powerful effect on the location selection of the hydropower plants and are considered in mathematical formulations. So, the problem can be considered as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem under uncertainty. In this study, by considering the types of uncertainties, impreciseness of the available data, and hesitancy of the experts, an integrated MCDM methodology consisting of DEMATEL, cognitive mapping, and TOPSIS methods has been extended based on hesitant fuzzy z-numbers. Then the proposed methodology has been applied for the evaluation of potential locations for hydropower plants in Turkey. For this aim, a hierarchical structure consisting of twenty-nine criteria and four alternative locations has been determined for the assessment by combining literature analysis and expert knowledge. In the first stage, the criteria “Availability of Water”, “Annual flow”, “Technology”, “Capacity”, and “Annual energy production” have been demonstrated as the most influential criteria for location selection. Then, based on the z-number fuzzy TOPSIS method, the most appropriate alternative for the construction location has been determined in Turkey. The findings have been checked in terms of validation and flexibility of the given decisions by applying sensitivity and comparative analyses.
Does speed kill or make friction better? — Designing materials for high velocity sliding
Authors: Eder Stefan J , Grützmacher Philipp G , Ripoll Manel Rodríguez , Gachot Carsten , Dini Daniele
Published: May 2022

Many modern applications rely on the safe operation of components sliding at high speeds, e.g., in the fields of e-mobility, high-speed manufacturing, or impact-resistant materials. While the impact of mechanical energy and heat on the friction and wear behavior of dry metallic interfaces has been the focus of extensive research in the past, the effect of extreme speeds on the near-surface deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline metals has remained poorly understood. In this work, we have tackled this crucial issue by exploring sliding velocities ranging from 10 to 2560 m/s via large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to identify three distinct deformation regimes in CuNi alloys. The microstructural response does not vary much for any of the considered systems up to sliding velocities of 40 m/s, but then evolves drastically up to a maximum value located between 320 and 1280 m/s depending on the composition. We observe that the degree of plastic deformation at the highest sliding speeds drops down to a level almost as low as for the lowest sliding speeds. We attribute this behavior to a sharp increase in the contact temperature at these high sliding speeds, approaching or even exceeding the bulk melting temperature, which goes hand in hand with a decline in the contact area and the resistance to sliding. Our characterization of the non-linear and non-monotonic material response to increasing sliding velocities will aid the systematic selection of materials and the design of robust components for a variety of high-speed sliding and wear applications.
Modulation of Dynamic Dimerization in Fluorogenic SNAP-tag Probes for Long-term Super-resolution Imaging
Authors: Qiao Qinglong , Liu Wenjuan , Chi Weijie , Chen Jie , Zhou Wei , Xu Ning , Li Jin , Fang Xiangning , Tao Yi , Zhang Yinchan , Chen Yingzhu , Miao Lu , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Zhaochao
Published: May 2022

The combination of super-resolution microscopy and synthetic fluorescence probes have emerged as a universal tool to monitor dynamic biological events at the nanometer scale. However, the limited site-specificity and fluorogenicity of synthetic fluorescent probes make it still difficult to realize long-term super-resolution imaging. Herein, we introduce a dynamic dimerization mediated SNAP-tag fluorogenic probe, BGAN-Aze, which can specifically bind to various SNAP-tag fusion proteins with 41-fold fluorescence enhancement. The equilibrium between the non-fluorescent dimer (D) and the fluorescent monomer (M) of BGAN-Aze acts as an effective method to reduce the fluorescence background and endow BGAN-Aze with the capability of conducting washing free super-resolution imaging of various intracellular and extracellular proteins. Using this probe, we monitored multiple dynamic biological events, such as MMC, mitophagy, the fusion of nucleolus, and the growth and contact of filopodia. We expect that BGAN-Aze will become a widely used SNAP-tag for super-resolution imaging of dynamic biological events and the D-M equilibrium can be a general strategy for designing fluorogenic probes.
Evaluating the harmonisation potential of diverse cohort datasets
Authors: Bauermeister Sarah , Phatak Mukta , Sparks Kelly , Sargent Lana , Grizwold Michael , McHugh Caitlin , Nalls Mike , Young Simon , Bauermeister Joshua , Molnar Vanda , Walls Ramona , Elliot Paul , Steptoe Andrew , Porteous David , Dufouil Carole , Gallacher John
Published: May 2022

Background
Data discovery, the ability to find datasets relevant to an analysis, accelerates science, increases scientific opportunity, and improves scientific rigour. Rapid growth in the depth, breadth, quantity and availability of data provides unprecedented opportunities and challenges for data discovery. A potential tool for increasing the efficiency of data discovery, particularly across multiple datasets is data harmonisation.
Methods
A core set of 124 variables, identified as being of broad interest to neurodegeneration, were harmonised using the C-Surv data model for the purpose of data discovery and conducting feasibility analyses. Widely used data conventions, optimised for inclusiveness rather than aetiological precision, were used as harmonisation rules. The harmonisation scheme was applied to data from four diverse population cohorts.
Results
Core variables covered 15 of 18 data themes used by the C-Surv data model. Correspondence between the harmonised data schema and cohort-specific data models was close for 61 variables that were directly mapped, 48 variables that were transformed to a binary (yes /no) format and for 6 variables than were standardised to the Z distribution. Harmonisation was more challenging for the remaining 9 socioeconomic and lifestyle variables; these requiring value judgements prioritising inclusivity over informativeness to be made.
Conclusions
Although harmonisation is not an exact science, sufficient comparability across datasets was achieved to enable data discovery with relatively little loss of informativeness. This provides a basis for further work extending harmonisation to increase the core variable list, applying the harmonisation to further datasets, and incentivising the development of data discovery tools.
Effect of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical indices of wheat and maize genotypes
Authors: Khanishova Mayakhanim Ali , Tagiyeva K. R. , Azizov Ibrahim Vahab
Published: May 2022

Aim. Study the effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and maize genotypes, to identify varieties tolerant to salinity. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Methods. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. Results. Based on the physiological indices determined during the grain filling stage, the highest tolerance was manifested by the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, and the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir, ♀Garabagh×♂Sharg. The varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68 and hybrid “Gurur×Zagatala-68” were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration.The varietiesofmaize Gurur and Zagatala-68 were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration
Heterogeneous and retarded phase transformation of ferrihydrite on montmorillonite surface: The important role of surface interactions
Authors: Wei Hongyan , Liu Jing , Chen Qingze , Zhu Runliang , Yan Lixia , Yang Yixuan , Liang Xiaoliang , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping
Published: May 2022

The formation of heteroaggregates is critical to controlling the stabilization and transformation of nanominerals and mineral nanoparticles (NMMNs) in nature, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be deciphered. In this work, we study the effect of surface interactions between ferrihydrite (Fh) and montmorillonite (Mnt) within their heteroaggregates on the transformation behaviors of Fh. A series of heteroaggregates composed of Fh and Mnt were synthesized by modulating their mass ratios and synthesis methods, i.e., directly complexing Fh with Mnt (Fh-Mnt) or in situ growing Fh on Mnt (Fh/Mnt). Structural characterization using XRD, TG-DSC, TEM, and FTIR indicated that Fh particles coated more evenly on the Mnt surface within the heteroaggregates synthesized by in situ growing Fh on Mnt and with lower Fh to Mnt ratio, and accordingly these heteroaggregates showed stronger surface interactions between Fh and Mnt. The phase transformation of Fh to hematite (Hem) on the heteroaggregates can be significantly affected during the heating treatment. Compared with that of pure Fh, the transformation of Fh on all of the heteroaggregates was retarded (e.g., slower transformation rate and smaller produced Hem particles), particularly for the samples with stronger surface interactions (e.g., Fh/Mnt with lower Fh to Mnt ratio). Noticeably, the heated heteroaggregates may simultaneously contain pristine Fh, intermediate maghemite, and transformed Hem, showing a heterogeneous transformation behavior of Fh. The strong interactions between Fh and Mnt will enhance the dispersion of Fh and restrict the structural rearrangement of Fh (particularly those at the interface) during the phase transformation process, resulting in retarded and heterogenous transformation of Fh on these heteroaggregates. These findings not only enrich our knowledge of the phase transformation characteristics of Fh but also advance our understanding of the important role of mineral surface interactions in stabilizing NMMNs in nature.
Váltott gondoskodásban nevelő külön élő szülők és gyermekeik
Authors: Monostori Judit
Published: May 2022

Jelen írásunkban betekintést adunk azokba az ismeretekbe, amelyeket a váltott gondoskodásban nevelt gyermekek családjairól tudunk a nemzetközi és a hazai szakirodalom alapján. Témánk aktualitását adja a Polgári Törvénykönyv 2021 őszén történt módosítása, amely a válás utáni szülői felügyeleti jogokra és a gyermekelhelyezés gyakorlatára vonatkozik. Ezek határozott lépéseket jelentenek az irányba, hogy a szülők válása/szétköltözése után is mindkét szülő megtarthassa a szülőséggel járó jogait és kötelezettségeit. A téma időszerűségét ezen kívül az is adja, hogy feltehetően részben az apai szerepek átalakulásának, részben pedig a jogszabályi környezet változásának köszönhetően a 2010-es évek közepétől Magyarországon is megnövekedett azoknak a válásoknak az aránya, ahol kiskorú gyermekek váltott gondoskodásba kerültek. Feltételezhetjük, hogy a 2022 januárjában életbe lépő jogszabályok újabb lökést jelentenek majd annak az irányába, hogy a gyerekek növekvő aránya éljen váltott elhelyezésben. Szakirodalmi áttekintésünkben elsősorban azokat az írásokat vettük számba, amelyek a téma jogi, szociológiai és pszichológiai aspektusaira fordítanak kiemelt figyelmet.
BIODEGRADABLE SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MEMBRANES CONTAINING MELALEUCA ESSENTIAL OILS FOR WOUND CARE MATERIAL
Authors: Soares Silvane , Peixoto Hugo , Prudencio Edlene , Luchese Rosa , Araújo Robson , Moreira Ana , Araújo Leonardo , Rosado Luiz , Cunha Rommel , Castro Rosane , Oliveira Renata
Published: May 2022

NaCMC is a biocompatible polymer that can be crosslinked with citric acid to form a gel matrix. Melaleuca oils have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties with potential for wound healing. The goal of this work was to investigate the characteristics of NaCMC-Melaleuca oils gels. The gels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, mechanical analysis, and in vitro swelling and S. aureus inhibition tests. The oils were characterized using chromatography, presenting high values of (1,8 cineol/terpinen-4-ol), and evaluated for confirmation of their effect against S. aureus. The samples showed physical interactions between NaCMC, citric acid and the Melaleuca oils. Erosion in saline solution was higher in the gels with oils, attributable to interference with crosslinking. The membranes presented high contribution of relaxation mechanism and low contribution of Fickian diffusion regarding the swelling ability. The presence of the oils increased thermal stability and diminished gel fraction and mechanical properties, indicating that the oils interact with the matrix anchoring the chains. Although melaleuca oils themselves were active against S. aureus and CA was responsible for the NaCMC hydrogels activity, the incorporation of melaleuca oils in NaCMC gels was not reported previously. This report indicates that NaCMC hydrogel may be a proper matrix for essential oils incorporation.
A geografia dos nomes
Authors: Santos Victor Marcelino
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho compreende os resultados alcançados em uma pesquisa feita para o trabalho de conclusão de curso de Geografia, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no ano de 2013. Foi realizada uma compilação dos topônimos da subcategoria denominada 'Nome Local', presentes nas cartas topográficas do Estado do Espírito Santo, bem como a sua classificação, de acordo com uma tipificação de motivações toponímicas, para possibilitar uma análise espaço-temporal da constituição e apropriação do território do Espírito Santo, com a espacialidade motivacional de seus nomes; dos sujeitos nomeadores que exerceram seu poder de escolha de identificação e reconhecimento; além da investigação sobre o que estes nomes têm a dizer sobre os aspectos políticos, sociais, ambientais e culturais do território.
Entre praças, ruas e becos
Authors: Lopes Deiseane Oliveira , Brito Anderson Dantas da Silva
Published: May 2022

Esta pesquisa problematiza representações e imaginários toponímicos de ruas, praças e becos do Centro Histórico de Barreiras (BA). Nesse recorte urbano que trata especificamente de um objeto dedicado aos sujeitos históricos próprios do local ou região, perscrutamos as referências localizadas nas placas que registram as suas existências. Nessa perspectiva, buscamos evidenciar as múltiplas representações que também se encontram em imaginários através de um diálogo com Chartier (2002); Castoriadis (1982); Bourdieu (2003); Dick (1996); entre outros. As análises nos permitiram perceber a presença do sentimento republicano representado pelos coronéis, os achados, quase que invisíveis, da existência das mulheres, além dos resíduos urbanos, que, mesmo sem nomes oficiais, estão registrados nas crônicas geográficas e históricas da linguística diária e atual da espacialidade.
Incorporación de topónimos en una infraestructura de datos espaciales
Authors: Miraglia Marina , Natale Daniela Noelia
Published: May 2022

El análisis toponímico suele aplicarse en estudios territoriales, en perspectiva histórico geográfica, tales como la reconstrucción de usos del suelo, transformaciones ambientales, así como en la integración de bases de datos espaciales estandarizadas en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). El área relevada aquí corresponde al territorio ocupado por las misiones jesuíticas guaraníes, en un sector de los actuales países de Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay, en el período comprendido por los siglos XVII a XX. Se presenta la incorporación de asentamientos humanos vectorizados y sus atributos toponímicos en la Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales del Instituto del Conurbano de la Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), estandarizados según la normativa de la Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de la República Argentina (IDERA).
Geodiversidade e toponímia em trilhas e bacias hidrográficas
Authors: Santos Bruno César dos , Pessoa Fernando Amaro
Published: May 2022

No percurso das trilhas, é comum o destaque dado ao nome dos cumes e ríos por onde ele passa. Os nomes contribuem para a compreensão das suas principais características que são resultantes de processos de evolução geológica (ou geomorfológica). Esses nomes geográficos podem ser incorporados de diferentes formas, seja na cartografia da área e/ou na apropriação verbal realizada pela população local, o que nos leva ao debate sobre toponímia e geodiversidade em trilhas. Assim, para contribuir com a reflexão sobre a interação entre sociedade e natureza, a partir de processos históricos de percepção e apropriação do ambiente, o presente trabalho propõe a caracterização da geodiversidade e a caracterização toponímica dos cumes e rios da bacia do rio Itamarati, em Petrópolis.
Informação geográfica voluntária
Authors: Machado Adriana Alexandria , Elias Elias Nasr Naim , Silva Leonardo Scharth Loureiro , Camboim Silvana Philippi , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: May 2022

O crescimento da criação e do uso de informação geográfica voluntária (VGI) traz a possibilidade de o cidadão contribuir com a aquisição e atualização de nomes geográficos, que, sob certas condições, poderão ser integrados aos mapeamentos de referência. Essa possibilidade, além de significar uma alternativa diante de dificuldades e limitações nos processos tradicionais, pode aproximar o Estado da sociedade, à medida que busca empregar o conhecimento local do cidadão. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as potencialidades do uso de topônimos presentes na plataforma colaborativa OpenStreetMap, a partir de análises em cenários de grande e pequena escalas. Os resultados dos testes demonstraram que, nos dois cenários, há potencial de integração de topônimos aos mapeamentos de referência.
Estilos fluviais da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Quitandinha (Petrópolis, RJ)
Authors: Pelech André Souza , Peixoto Maria Naíse de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

É reconhecido que diversas intervenções antropogênicas sobre a superfície terrestre alteram características dos canais fluviais. Este estudo propõe o mapeamento das feições geomorfológicas fluviais e identificação dos estilos fluviais (River Styles®) para compreensão da configuração dos rios na bacia hidrográfica urbana e montanhosa do Rio Quitandinha (Petrópolis, RJ). Os estilos fluviais identificados relacionam-se a vales confinados, seja pelo embasamento rochoso ou por feições antropogênicas. As unidades geomórficas caracterizadas por sedimentos grosseiros ou embasamento rochoso tendem a ser mais estáveis e menos suscetíveis às mudanças da dinâmica fluvial (naturais ou antropogênicas), em razão de sua maior resistência. Há indícios de possível ocorrência de uma desconexão lateral entre o rio e a planície de inundação e um aumento da conectividade longitudinal.
Evaluation of satellite precipitation products over Mexico using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Rincón-Avalos Pedro , Khouakhi Abdou , Mendoza-Cano Oliver , Cruz Jesús López-De la , Paredes-Bonilla Karla Michelle
Published: May 2022

Satellite-based precipitation products and reanalysis precipitation products have the potential to overcome the lack of information in regions where there are no or insufficient rain gauges to achieve any hydrological study. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) data analysis platform has products in its repository with global coverage that offers different geospatial information capable of measuring the amount of precipitation. However, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability of the products. There are precipitation information biases in Mexico due to the scarce presence of gauging stations, failed operations, access difficulty, and data capture errors. This study evaluates the reliability of satellite and reanalysis precipitation products hosted in the GEE repository against rain gauge observation from 2001 to 2017 using data from 4,658 stations over Mexico. The evaluation was carried out using statistical indicators comparing the behavior across different topographic, climatic, and temporal conditions. The results exhibit that the performance of the products hosted in GEE seems to depend on elevation conditions for other climatic regions in Mexico. The results show that all products can capture the general precipitation patterns at annual, seasonal, and monthly scales; however, the accuracy of the product is clearly lower at a daily scale. All products are highly biased on low precipitation events.
Assessing the Role of Socioeconomic Factors and Place of Residence on the Burden of Stillbirth in India: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sinha Shardhanjali , Mondal Prakash Ranjan , Gupta Vipin
Published: May 2022

Background:

Due to India's highest contribution to the global burden of stillbirth, identifying and preventing modifiable risk factors of stillbirth is crucial. There is a serious need to assess the overall impact of socioeconomic inequalities on the stillbirth rate in different Indian settings.

Objectives:

The present study aims to assess the impact of different socioeconomic factors and the place of residence on the risk of stillbirth across different regions in India.

Methods:

For the literature search, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were used, which yielded 16821 research articles initially. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of twenty potential studies were considered in the analysis.

Results:

Enlisted studies represented an association of education (n=16/20), income (n=4/20), occupation (n=8/20), the standard of living index/SES score (n=7/20), and place of residence (n=8/20) with the risk of stillbirth. The increase in wealth and educational status of women leads to a gradual decrease in the stillbirth rate. Stillbirth was more common in working women and in women whose spouse was a laborer or peasant. Rural residence and low socioeconomic score were identified as the strongest predictors of the risk of stillbirth.

Conclusion:

By evaluating the impact of socioeconomic factors, specific modifiable risk factors can be ascertained during the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of stillbirth can be reduced. This evaluation may be used to identify the primary risk factors for stillbirth and to create policies to accomplish the objectives of the Indian Newborn Action Plan.
Исследование высокочастотных акустических резонансов оптико-акустического детектора с дифференциальными резонаторами Гельмгольца
Authors: Распопин Г.К. , Макашев Д.Р. , Борисов А.В. , Киcтенев Ю.В.
Published: May 2022

A numerical study of acoustic resonances of an optical-acoustic detector (OAD) with differential cylindrical Helmholtz resonators with variations in their basic parameters has been carried out. The dependences of the Q-factor of acoustic resonance and the resonant frequency on the geometric parameters of the OAD were obtained and analyzed. The obtained results can be used in development of optical-acoustic gas analyzers.
Влияние хитозана на ориентационно-мицеллярное упорядочение гель-фазы плюроника F-127 в водной среде
Authors: Гегель Н.О. , Харламов В.Н. , Шиповская А.Б.
Published: May 2022

Методами поляризационной микроскопии и ротационной вискозиметрии изучено влияние хитозана на ориентационно-мицеллярную ассоциацию плюроника F-127 в водной среде в диапазоне 4-37oС. Установлено, что данный амфифильный сополимер претерпевает при повышении температуры фазовый переход в формоустойчивый гидрогель, характеризующейся оптическим дихроизмом и реограммами вязкости с пределом текучести. Добавка хитозана подавляет эффект оптической анизотропии, влияет на время гелеобразования и вязкоупругие характеристики бинарной смеси с реализацией кривых течения дилатантных жидкостей, либо структурированных композиций с разным уровнем мицеллярного упорядочения. Обнаружена корреляция между оптической текстурой макроскопической гель-фазы плюроника F-127, его смесей с хитозаном и вязкоупругими свойствами полимерной системы. Ключевые слова: плюроник F-127, хитозан, золь-гель переход, мицеллярная фаза, ориентационное упорядочение.
Оценка влияния ионов хрома и цинка на процесс коллагенолиза в растворах методом динамического рассеяния света
Authors: Петрова А.В. , Сидорова А.В. , Сергеева И.А. , Петрова Г.П.
Published: May 2022

Using the method of dynamic light scattering, it was found that the rate of collagen cleavage under the influence of bacterial collagenase decreases by almost 4 times when protein molecules are doped with Cr3+ ions, and when the enzyme activator of Zn2+ ions is added, it increases by 1.3 times.
Based on the experimental data, the reaction rate constants k1 were calculated. It was found that when collagen molecules are tanned with a chromium salt, it becomes more resistant to degradation in solutions containing zinc ions than in solutions with the addition of calcium ions, as we described in earlier works.
Широкополосные спектры отражения сахаридов в ТГЦ и ИК диапазонах
Authors: Командин Г.А. , Ноздрин В.С. , Чучупал С.В. , Гавдуш А.А. , Мусина Г.Р. , Спектор И.Е.
Published: May 2022

The reflection spectra of pure single-phase pressed samples of saccharides were measured using coherent submillimeter, pulsed terahertz, and broadband Fourier IR spectroscopy, and the parameters of their absorption bands were estimated using an additive classical oscillator model. The possibility of analyzing the vibrational spectrum with the correction of scattering from calibration data in the visible and terahertz ranges is shown. The sensitivity and accuracy of this approach are limited by the low values of reflection coefficient and, as a consequence, the low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the asymmetric broadening of the bands associated with the anharmonicity of the vibrations and the overlap of the absorption lines.
Влияние длительности нарушения циркадных ритмов световым воздействием на морфологию печени лабораторных крыс
Authors: Пахомий С.С. , Злобина О.В. , Бугаева И.О. , Маслякова Г.Н. , Иванов А.Н. , Москвина А.О.
Published: May 2022

We studied the effect of long-term constant light exposure on the severity and reversibility of morphological changes in the liver of laboratory rats. Modeling of light exposure was carried out by means of 24-hour exposure to artificial light (in the daytime - 300 lk, at night - 500 lk). During the study we found that morphological changes in the liver were represented by damage to the parenchyma and circulatory disorders, the degree of which increased with increasing duration of exposure. After providing natural light in the laboratory, gradual recovery of the morphological structure of the organ was observed, which indicates the reversibility of the changes detected.
Диэлектрическое исследование сыворотки крови больных онкогематологическими заболеваниями
Authors: Кастро Арата Р.А. , Плотникова Л.В. , Сальникова Ж.А. , Смирнов А.П. , Кононов А.А. , Везо О.С. , Гарифуллин А.Д. , Кувшинов А.Ю. , Волошин С.В. , Поляничко А.М.
Published: May 2022

Features of charge transfer and dielectric relaxation processes in blood serum samples of patients with oncohematological diseases and healthy donors were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy method. The observed features of the dielectric spectra for donors and patients, namely the decrease in conductivity in the high frequency region, the correlation between the degree indicator s and the total protein content, as well as changes in the spectrum of relaxation complexes indicate a change in the quantitative ratios of blood components in the presence of disease. This system rearrangement is the result of the fact that conformation of proteins (albumins and immunoglobulins) for patients is change.
Влияние шума на характеристики тока, протекающего через полупроводниковую сверхрешеку, в режиме высокочастотной генерации колебаний
Authors: Сельский А.О. , Москаленко О.И. , Короновский А.А.
Published: May 2022

Рассмотрено влияние шума на характеристики тока, протекающего через полупроводниковую сверхрешетку наноприбора, имеющего перспективы использования в терагерцовой спектроскопии. Показано, что пороговое напряжение, при котором начинается генерация колебаний тока, слабо зависит от интенсивности шума. Амплитуда колебаний вырастает при некоторых значениях интенсивности шума как для случая без магнитного поля, так и в присутствии наклонного магнитного поля. При этом с ростом интенсивности шума при развитой генерации колебаний частота основной гармоники уменьшается, а амплитуды старших гармоник могут существенно уменьшаться. Ключевые слова: полупроводниковые сверхрешетки, СВЧ приборы, высокочастотная спектроскопия, добавленный шум, спектральный анализ.
A Novel, Combined Student and Preceptor Professional Development Session for Optimizing Feedback: Protocol for a Multimethod, Multisite, and Multiyear Intervention
Authors: Button Brenton , Cook Clare , Goertzen James , Cameron Erin
Published: May 2022

Background

Providing feedback to medical learners is a critical educational activity. Despite the recognition of its importance, most research has focused on training preceptors to give feedback, which neglects the role of learners in receiving feedback. Delivering a combined professional development session for both preceptors and students may facilitate more effective feedback communication and improve both the quality and quantity of feedback.

Objective

The objective of our research project is to examine the impact of a relational feedback intervention on both preceptors and students during a longitudinal integrated clerkship.

Methods

Students and preceptors will attend a 2.5-hour combined professional development session, wherein they will be provided with educational tools for giving and receiving feedback within a coaching relationship and practice feedback giving and receiving skills together. Before the combined professional development session, students will be asked to participate in a 1-hour preparation session that will provide an orientation on their role in receiving feedback and their participation in the combined professional development session. Students and preceptors will be asked to complete a precombined professional development session survey and an immediate postcombined professional development session survey. Preceptors will be asked to complete a follow-up assessment survey, and students will be asked to participate in a follow-up, student-only focus group. Anonymized clinical faculty teaching evaluations and longitudinal integrated clerkship program evaluations will also be used to assess the impact of the intervention.

Results

As of March 1, 2022, a total of 66 preceptors and 29 students have completed the baseline and follow-up measures. Data collection is expected to conclude in December 2023.

Conclusions

Our study is designed to contribute to the literature on the feedback process between preceptors and students within a clinical setting. Including both the preceptors and the students in the same session will improve on the work that has already been conducted in this area, as the students and preceptors can further develop their relationships and coconstruct feedback conversations. We will use social learning theory to interpret the results of our study, which will help us explain the results and potentially make the work generalizable to other fields.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/32829
Distinguishing Admissions Specifically for COVID-19 From Incidental SARS-CoV-2 Admissions: National Retrospective Electronic Health Record Study (Preprint)
Authors: Klann Jeffrey G , Strasser Zachary H , Hutch Meghan R , Kennedy Chris J , Marwaha Jayson S , Morris Michele , Samayamuthu Malarkodi Jebathilagam , Pfaff Ashley C , Estiri Hossein , South Andrew M , Weber Griffin M , Yuan William , Avillach Paul , Wagholikar Kavishwar B , Luo Yuan ,   The Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE), Omenn Gilbert S , Visweswaran Shyam , Holmes John H , Xia Zongqi , Brat Gabriel A , Murphy Shawn N
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Admissions are generally classified as COVID-19 hospitalizations if the patient has a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. However, because 35% of SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic, patients admitted for unrelated indications with an incidentally positive test could be misclassified as a COVID-19 hospitalization. Electronic health record (EHR)–based studies have been unable to distinguish between a hospitalization specifically for COVID-19 versus an incidental SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. Although the need to improve classification of COVID-19 versus incidental SARS-CoV-2 is well understood, the magnitude of the problems has only been characterized in small, single-center studies. Furthermore, there have been no peer-reviewed studies evaluating methods for improving classification.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study are to, first, quantify the frequency of incidental hospitalizations over the first 15 months of the pandemic in multiple hospital systems in the United States and, second, to apply electronic phenotyping techniques to automatically improve COVID-19 hospitalization classification.

METHODS

From a retrospective EHR-based cohort in 4 US health care systems in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Illinois, a random sample of 1123 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients hospitalized from March 2020 to August 2021 was manually chart-reviewed and classified as “admitted with COVID-19” (incidental) versus specifically admitted for COVID-19 (“for COVID-19”). EHR-based phenotyping was used to find feature sets to filter out incidental admissions.

RESULTS

EHR-based phenotyped feature sets filtered out incidental admissions, which occurred in an average of 26% of hospitalizations (although this varied widely over time, from 0% to 75%). The top site-specific feature sets had 79%-99% specificity with 62%-75% sensitivity, while the best-performing across-site feature sets had 71%-94% specificity with 69%-81% sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS

A large proportion of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive admissions were incidental. Straightforward EHR-based phenotypes differentiated admissions, which is important to assure accurate public health reporting and research.
Patient facing clinical decision support for high blood pressure control: a patient survey (Preprint)
Authors: Dorr David , D'Autremont Chris , Richardson Josh , Bobo Michelle , Terndrup Christopher , Dunne MJ , Cheng Anthony , Rope Robert
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

High blood pressure (HBP) affects nearly half of adults in the United States and is a major factor in heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, and other morbidities. To reduce risk, guidelines for HBP contain more than 70 recommendations, including many related to patient behaviors, such as home monitoring and lifestyle changes. Thus, the patient's role in controlling HBP is crucial. Patient-facing clinical decision support (CDS) tools may help patients adhere to evidence-based care but customization is required.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to understand how to adapt CDS to best engage patients in controlling HBP.

METHODS

We conducted a mixed methods study with two phases: (1) semi-structured interviews with a limited cohort; and (2) a nationwide online survey. Participation in each phase was limited to adults between the ages of 18 and 85 who had been diagnosed with hypertension. The survey included general questions that assessed goal-setting, treatment priorities, medication load, comorbid conditions, satisfaction with BP management, and attitudes towards CDS, and also a series of A/B preference questions using paired information displays to assess perceived trustworthiness of potential CDS user interface options.

RESULTS

We conducted 17 semi-structured interviews to gather patient needs from CDS, then analyzed results to create a survey of 519 adults with clinically diagnosed HBP. A large majority of participants in both populations reported that blood pressure control was a high priority (80-90%), had monitored blood pressure at home (80-90%), and felt comfortable using technology (70-90%.). Survey respondents found displays with enhanced HBP information more trustworthy (60-80% preferred over simpler displays), especially when incorporating social trust and priorities from providers and patients like them, but had no differences in action taken.

CONCLUSIONS

Respondents to the survey felt CDS capabilities could help them with HBP control. The enhanced information and social/relational displays were felt to be the most trustworthy yet did not differentiate perceived actions.
Low-Flow Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Molitoris Bruce A.
Published: May 2022

AKI is a syndrome, not a disease. It results from many different primary and/or secondary etiologies and is often multifactorial, especially in the hospitalized patient. This review discusses the pathophysiology of three etiologies that cause AKI, those being kidney hypoperfusion, abdominal compartment syndrome, and urinary tract obstruction. The pathophysiology of these three causes of AKI differs but is overlapping. They all lead to a low urine flow rate and low urine sodium initially. In all three cases, with early recognition and correction of the underlying process, the resulting functional AKI can be rapidly reversed. However, with continued duration and/or increased severity, cell injury occurs within the kidney, resulting in structural AKI and a longer and more severe disease state with increased morbidity and mortality. This is why early recognition and reversal are critical.
The Politics of the Novel in the Niger Delta: From Kaine Agary to Chimeka Garricks
Authors: Ohagwam Uchenna
Published: May 2022

Politics is a vital aspect of Nigeria’s development from 1960s to present. It is central in any discourse on the Niger Delta. Oil has been the bane of modern Nigerian politics; and a good number of the government’s policies, programmes and interventions are interpreted as conscious move to access and control oil money. Since political power translates into automatic ownership of the oil and the soil that bears it, then the scramble for oil resources has opened a new vista in the Nigerian political calculations. This assumption is predicated upon the political dimension of some of the issues raised in the Niger Delta literature. Working within the context of ecocriticism and Rob Nixon’s idea of slow violence, the study seeks to examine the treatment of political issues in the Niger Delta novels of Kaine Agary’s Yellow-Yellow and Chimeka Garricks Tomorrow Died Yesterday, and how these issues affect developmental efforts in the region. The study concludes that political leadership can become a catalyst for national development and transformation when rightly steered.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LANATA CANARA LINN SEEDS
Authors: BUTOOL SANA , RESHMA  , FAHEEMUDDIN MD , KHATOON ASIYA , FATIMA ISHRATH
Published: May 2022

Objective: To study the skeletal muscle relaxant, antipsychotic and anti anxiety activity of ethanolic extract of Lantana camaralinnseeds in male wistar albino mice.

Methods: The extract of the seeds of Lantana camaralinn was prepared by usingSoxhlet extraction and the obtained extract is used for the evaluation of antianxiety activity, antipsychotic activity and muscle relaxant activity using male albino wistar mice.

Results: The results showed that the high dose (400 mg/kg) of the extract has shown significant anti anxiety, anti psychotic and skeletal muscle relaxant activities than the low dose (200 mg/kg).

Conclusion: we concluded that the plant Lantana camaralinn seeds has significant skeletal muscle relaxant, anti anxiety and anti psychotic activities as evidenced by the Rota rod, elevated plus maze, Y maze and acto photometer.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF GLICLAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: CHAFLE DILIP M.
Published: May 2022

Objective: A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been proposed for quantification of Gliclazide in pure and dosage form.

Methods: A visible spectrophotometric methods based on the ion-pair formation of drug with the dye Cresol Red (Method A) and Bromophenol Blue (Method B) in methanol medium.

Results: A purple colour complex was formed in Method A while orange colour was obtained by Method B with maximum absorption at 510 nm and 445 nm, respectively. The Beers law was found linear over the concentration range from 30 to 200µg/ml (Method A) and from 70 to 230µg/ml (Method B) with good correlation coefficients 0.9918 and 0.9916 respectively. The molar extinction coefficient were 0.1326 x 104 L/mol/cm (Method A) and 0.1294 x 104L/mol/cm (Method B), LOD 0.2563, 0.4681 and LOQ 0.6394µg/ml and 0.9256 µg/ml.

Conclusion: The proposed methods were statistically evaluated for accuracy, precision and linearity in terms of standard deviation, percentage recovery, percentage error and relative standard deviation. The proposed methods can be applied in routine analytical and quality control laboratories for the quantification of Gliclazide. The methods are simple, sensitive, rapid and economical for the estimation of Gliclazide in pure and dosage forms.
Capturing Data Provenance from Statistical Software
Authors: Alter George Charles , Gager Jack , Heus Pascal , Hunter Carson , Ionescu Sanda , Iverson Jeremy , Jagadish H.V. , Lyle Jared , Mueller Alexander , Nordgaard Sigve , Risnes Ornulf , Smith Dan , Song Jie
Published: May 2022

We have created tools that automate one of the most burdensome aspects of documenting the provenance of research data: describing data transformations performed by statistical software.  Researchers in many fields use statistical software (SPSS, Stata, SAS, R, Python) for data transformation and data management as well as analysis.  The C2Metadata ("Continuous Capture of Metadata for Statistical Data") Project creates a metadata workflow paralleling the data management process by deriving provenance information from scripts used to manage and transform data.  C2Metadata differs from most previous data provenance initiatives by documenting transformations at the variable level rather than describing a sequence of opaque programs.  Command scripts for statistical software are translated into an independent Structured Data Transformation Language (SDTL), which serves as an intermediate language for describing data transformations.   SDTL can be used to add variable-level provenance to data catalogues and codebooks and to create "variable lineages" for auditing software operations.   Better data documentation makes research more transparent and expands the discovery and re-use of research data.
Bibliohemerografía del Sureste mexicano y Centroamérica. Época colonial
Authors: Gordillo y Ortiz Octavio
Published: May 2022

El siguiente repertorio, integrado por referencias bibliohemerográficas de los acervos de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, constituye un valioso y útil instrumento de consulta para el estudioso de la historia colonial del sureste mexicano y Centroamérica. La lectura de títulos de libros y artículos nos brinda un panorama general de los temas relacionados con el pasado de la América española, que va de las primeras décadas del siglo XVI a los años de la independencia del virreinato de la Nueva España y la Capitanía General de Guatemala; material bibliohemerográfico donde figuran crónicas sobre el descubrimiento, la conquista y las exploraciones geográficas posteriores; la obra evangelizadora de los frailes y la castellanización; las fundaciones de los pueblos y ciudades, así como la explotación y saqueo en tiempos de encomiendas, además del surgimiento de una nueva sociedad receptora de la cultura europea, en fin, la memoria histórica de estos antiguos territorios que en la actualidad constituyen el sureste de México y Centroamérica.