bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effect of TO901317 on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson rats in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Yang Junqing , Cheng Oumei , Peng Zhe , Luo Yin , Ran Dongzhi , Yang Yang , Xiang Pu , Huang Haifeng , Tan Xiaodan , Wang Hong
Published: February 2020

Background: Stem cells from different sources could differentiate into dopamine-producing cells and ameliorate behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian models. Especially, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have many advantages without ethical dispute. Liver X receptor s (LXRs) are involved in the maintenance of the normal function of the central nervous system myelin. We have reported the induction of cocktail-induced da phenotypes from adult rat BMSCs by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and TO901317 (agonist of LXRs) with 87.42% of efficiency in 6 days of period of induction. But the previous work did not verify whether the induced cells had the corresponding neural function. Methods: In this study, we demonstrated that TO901317 could promote the differentiation of hBMSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal markers (Tuj1, Neun and Nestin), dopamine neuron markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), LXRa and LXRb were detected by immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expressions of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Western Blotting detected the changes of LXRa, LXRb and TH expression. Results: TO901317 significantly enhanced the differentiation from hBMSCs to DA neurons. Only the LXR+GF group released dopamine by the result of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group and GF group, the optimal time for differentiation of hBMSCs treated by 0.5mM TO901317 combined with GF was six days. And the maximum induction efficiency was 91.67%. After transplanting induced-cells into Parkinson's disease rats, the symptoms of Parkinson's rats decreased, and the number of dopamine neurons increased in the substantia nigra and striatum. Conclusions: TO901317 promoted differentiation of hBMSCs into dopamine neurons may be related to activation of LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway. These data suggest that TO901317 may serve as a potential therapeutic methods for Parkinson's disease.
Evaluation of the risk factors of radio-dermatitis after breast-conserving surgery
Authors: PENG Xin , REN YI , HE Qin , XIONG Lijuan
Published: February 2020

Background The morbidity of breast cancer has been ranked first among female cancers worldwide and increased by 2% each year in these ten years [1]. Although China as a country with a relatively low incidence of breast cancer compares to other countries, the rapid growth rate of breast cancer is still worth noticing [2]. Method A total of 521 patients with breast cancer diagnosed in the Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and underwent breast conserving surgery (lumpectomy plus local radiotherapy) were selected, to investigate demographic data, disease data, treatment data and behavior data. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression method to analyze the risk factors of RD after radiotherapy. Results The variable factors of age ≤40 years old, whiter skin, treatment time in summer, BMI≥25, local thermal therapy, sun exposure, skin scratching and bra wearing are the risk factors of radio-dermatitis, while the affected limb akimbo in daytime and elevating the affected limb in sleep are the protective factors of radio-dermatitis. Conclusion This study aims to observe the situation of post-radiotherapy RD after breast-conserving surgery in patients with breast cancer, analyze the risk factors related to patients and treatment, and provide the relevant clinical basis for reducing and preventing the occurrence of RD after breast-conserving surgery.
Quality of Community-based Care Services in Korea
Authors: Yoon Kichan , Lee Insoo , Lee Youn-Tae , LEE MUNJAE
Published: February 2020

Background Aging societies are increasing the need for care services. In order to solve the problem of care, we suggest community care, and through this, we will provide medical services that meet individual needs. Korea provides care services in advance of the community care project and implements quality control to improve the quality of these social services. Therefore, this study aims is to intend to compare and analyze the factors affecting user satisfaction in care services in both 2013 and 2016. Methods We used quantified secondary data based on social services performed analysis reports. Based on the evaluation indexes for care service in 2013 and 2016, we used commonly used indexes for analysis. Results As a result, there was a difference between care services quality evaluation (QE) indexes by profit type, and care services evaluation indexes had an effect on user satisfaction. In addition, the change rate in the care service evaluation scores affects the change rate in user satisfaction Conclusions Therefore, in order to increase satisfaction with care service, evaluation indexes by service type should be diversified and differentiated. In addition, it should be composed of field evaluations related to user satisfaction to provide care services appropriate for local characteristics.
Clinical efficacy analysis of the new PRUNUS spine plate system for anterior cervical spine surgery
Authors: Zhao Xiao-feng , Lu Xiang-dong , Zhao Yi-bo , Qi De-tai , Wang Wen-xuan , Zhou Run-tian , Jin Yuan-zhang , Wang Xiao-nan , Zhao Bin
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND To observed and evaluated the clinical efficacy of a new type cervical anterior screw plate system development for anterior cervical surgery. Methods 27 patients with cervical spine disease treated with new PRUNUS nail plate internal fixation were selected as observation group, and 29 patients treated with conventional cervical anterior screw fixation were selected as the control group. Cervical stability, internal fixation position and bone graft fusion were evaluated according to imaging data. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, cervical Cobb angle, VAS scores, and JOA scores were compared between the two groups. Spinal function scores and neurological improvement rates were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the new PRUNUS spine plate. Results There were statistical differences in operation time and blood loss between the two groups (P<0.05). The difference in Cobb angle, JOA score and improvement rate, VAS score before and after surgery in two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05), but no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The new PRUNUS spine plate system can be applied to the anterior cervical spine surgery, and its clinical efficacy was similar to the traditional cervical anterior plate. But PRUNUS simplified the operation process, especially for the osteoporosis patients.
The Concept of Ifta 'in Establishing Halal Law (Study of Usul fiqh on Legal Determination Methods)
Authors: Fauzi Muchammad , Azizah Amalia Nur , Nurfauziyah Lena
Published: February 2020

Fatwa and qadla activities as a form of delivering the laws of God, are the great mandate. In addition to requiring intellectual expertise, the fatwa giver must have moral virtue and spiritual intelligence. Indeed, this should be the figure of a scientist, especially the scholars who pursue Shari'a scientific fields. They must be able to create a balance between the power of reason and intuition of dhikr. Plus the level of concern for the social environment of the community. Because in their hands the change agenda is carried out.
The “Big Five” Phytochemicals Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Curcumin, EGCG, Sulforaphane, Resveratrol and Genistein
Authors: Naujokat Cord , McKee Dwight L.
Published: February 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a subpopulation of tumor cells that possess
self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity, and the ability to give rise to the heterogeneous
lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs exhibit intrinsic mechanisms of resistance
to virtually all conventional cancer therapeutics, allowing them to survive current cancer
therapies and to initiate tumor recurrence and metastasis. Different pathways and
mechanisms that confer resistance and survival of CSCs, including activation of the Wnt/β-
catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways,
expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and oncogenic microRNAs, and
acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), have been identified recently.
Certain phytochemicals, in particular curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG),
sulforaphane, resveratrol and genistein have been shown to interfere with these intrinsic CSC
pathways in vitro and in human xenograft mice, leading to elimination of CSCs. Moreover,
recent clinical trials have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of five phytochemicals, alone
or in combination with modern cancer therapeutics, and in various types of cancer. Since current
cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression,
targeting of CSCs with phytochemicals such as curcumin, EGCG, sulforaphane, resveratrol
and genistein, combined with each other and/or in combination with conventional cytotoxic
drugs and novel cancer therapeutics, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer.
Preclinical Study of the Antidiabetic Effect of Traganum nudatum in Diabetic Rats
Authors: El-Ouady Fadwa , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Aims:

The aim of the study was to study the antidiabetic effect of Traganum nudatum in an animal model of diabetes.

Background:

Traganum nudatum (T. nudatum) is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine by the Moroccan population to treat various diseases including diabetes.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic of the aqueous Traganum nudatum extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally by the extract of Traganum nudatum (T. nudatum) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The blood glucose levels were determined for 6 hours and 15 days during this treatment. The oral glucose tolerance and phytochemical tests and the analysis of histopathological changes of the liver were performed. The antioxidant activity of aqueous T. nudatum extract was also assessed using the method of trapping of free radical 2,2- diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).

Results:

T. nudatum Aerial Part Aqueous Extract (TNAPAE) reduced the blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that TNAPAE treatment exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect without altering the body weight. In addition, a noticeable influence on glucose tolerance was also observed after TNAPAE treatment. Moreover, TNAPAE was able to exhibit a beneficial effect on the histological structure of the liver. Finally, a potential antioxidant effect has been shown in vitro.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effects of T. nudatum in rats supporting its traditional use for the management of diabetes.
The Effects of Curcuma longa and its Derivative Curcumin on Aspergillus Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cheraghipour Kourosh , Marzban Abdolrazagh , Shakib Pegah , Sheikhian Ali , Malekara Vahid , Koshki Javad , Mahmmodvand Hossien
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose:

Curcuma longa L. is one of the most important medicinal
plants used in traditional medicine. Its main compound, curcumin, has been widely reported for its
biological properties. Here, we performed a systematic review of the effects of C. longa L. and its
derivative curcumin on Aspergillus infections. Although some limitations in this systematic review
study have been identified such as (i) the number of studies evaluating the efficacy of turmeric and
its derivatives, such as curcumin, in fungal diseases such as Aspergillus is very small, and further
in vitro and in vivo studies should be performed to better evaluate the efficacy of the plant; (ii)
studies of the effects of turmeric and curcumin in different countries; (iii) the duration of treatment
for in vivo studies was 2 to 12 weeks, so longer treatment intervals and longer duration are needed
to better evaluate the treatment.

Materials and Methods:

In this review article, antifungal effects of C. longa and its derivative curcumin
on the different strains of Aspergillus are discussed. The study data were obtained from various
databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar, which
were published by December 2019. The main criterion for entering data into the survey data was
access to the English abstract at the search stage. The keywords used in the search included C. longa,
curcumin, antifungal effect and Aspergillus. Of the 2,500 studies in the initial search, only 15
qualified for study inclusion, among which 9 (60%) were performed on the effect of curcumin
against Aspergillus spp. The other 6 studies (40%) had focused on the antifungal effect of C. longa.
Moreover, 9 studies (60%) were performed in vitro, 4 studies (27%) were performed in vivo and 2
studies (13%) were performed both in vivo and in vitro.

Results:

Studies have shown that C. longa has a significant effect on the development of the majority
of microorganisms. Its predominant metabolite, curcumin, plays a major role in the biological
activities of C. longa.

Conclusion:

Due to increased drug resistance, particularly antifungal, curcumin and its derivatives
may be an appropriate option for the treatment of aspergillosis infections.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bhimkol (Musa balbisiana) Peel Extract as Biological Waste: Its Antibacterial Activity and Role of Ripen Stage of the Peel
Authors: Bag Subhendu S. , Bora Anupama , Golder Animes K.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Utilization of plant extracts and agricultural waste has a great
impact for the synthesis of AgNPs. Banana peels are such important agro waste which
attracted us to use for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The biochemicals present in
it have attracted us to use such banana peels.

Methods:

Thus, we report herein a cost-effective and environment-friendly synthesis of
silver nanoparticles using Bhimkal (Musa balbisiana) peel aqueous extract as biological
waste. About 5 g of freshly dried peels taken in 100 mL of water were shaken and heated
at 80°C for 1 hour. The filtrate from the resultant solution was stored at 4°C and used as
reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the preparation of AgNPs from AgNO3. We
monitored the formation of silver nanoparticles by various spectroscopic techniques.

Results:

All the particles are almost spherical in morphology and the diameter of the
mostly monodispersed AgNPs is in the range of 30-70 nm with an average size of 44.24
nm. Among the three stages of development (unripe, ripe, and blacken), we have found
the ripening stage as most efficient in the highest yielding of AgNPs because of
maximum presence of phenol containing biological macromolecules. The synthesized
AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity against both gram negative bacteria as
well as gram positive bacteria.

Conclusion:

The advantage of our biomimetic route to silver nanoparticles lies in the
fact that we utilize peels as biological waste material both for the generation and
stabilization of silver nanoparticles.
Recorrido por las acciones de las organizaciones civiles de derechos humanos en América Latina
Authors: Marín-Aranguren Erli Margarita , González Jaramillo Daniela
Published: February 2020

Durante el siglo XXI, la sociedad civil ha tenido un rol fundamental en la lucha por la garantía de los Derechos Humanos (DDHH). Este escrito se enfoca en describir y analizar el accionar de las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSC) en pro de garantizar la protección de los DDHH. El eje del análisis estuvo en América Latina, a través del estudio de variables como: seguridad alimentaria, erradicación de la pobreza y la desigualdad, lucha por los derechos de las mujeres y erradicación de la violencia. Este análisis permite visibilizar el aporte de las OSC latinoamericanas a la población vulnerable en la región.
Resguardo indígena de Ubaté: un sistema de organización y administración del territorio en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII en la Nueva Granada
Authors: Rubiano Ochoa Diana Marcela
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo aborda el Resguardo de Ubaté entre 1750 y 1800. Este fue un caso complejo de sistema de organización espacial hispana. Los resguardos fueron modelos de organización social, administración y control territorial, que permitían delimitar y asignar un espacio de tierra a una comunidad indígena con distintos objetivos. Entre estos se identifica el de liberar terrenos mediante prácticas de arrendamiento de tierras a vecinos, como producto del traslado y/o agrupación de los indígenas hacia otros poblados. Adicionalmente, los resguardos permitían proteger y organizar los indígenas para facilitar el adoctrinamiento católico. Se toman como fuentes primarias la información de las dos principales visitas realizadas dentro del periodo por funcionarios de la corona: la de Joaquín de Aróstegui y Escoto, y la de Moreno y Escandón. Estos documentos permiten analizar aspectos al interior del resguardo, como su composición social y estructura, además de reconstruir las líneas principales de los procesos de cambio.
Implementasi teori belajar konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran sains
Authors: Sugrah Nurfatimah Ugha
Published: February 2020

Constructivism learning theory is a theory that gives freedom to humans who want to learn or look for their needs with the ability to find their wants or needs with the help of others, so this theory provides activeness for humans to learn to find their own competencies, knowledge, or technology and other things that needed to develop itself. Constructivism learning theory holds that people produce knowledge and form meaning based on their experiences. In constructivism, learning is represented as a constructive process in which students build internal illustrations of knowledge, interpretations of personal experiences. Constructivism teaching is based on learning that occurs through the active involvement of students in the construction of meaning and knowledge. Teaching science from a constructivist perspective aims to give students knowledge of science in such a way that they not only understand the concepts and principles of science, but also the significance of science learning. The emphasis on constructivism and direct inquiry-oriented learning to promote children's conceptual knowledge by building on previous understanding, active involvement with subject content, and applications for real-world situations has been. A constructivist view emphasizes discovery, experimentation, and open problems. Teori belajar konstruktivisme adalah sebuah teori yang memberikan kebebasan terhadap manusia yang ingin belajar atau mencari kebutuhannya dengan kemampuan menemukan keinginan atau kebutuhannya tersebut dengan bantuan orang lain, sehingga teori ini memberikan keaktifan terhadap manusia untuk belajar menemukan sendiri kompetensi, pengetahuan, atau teknologi dan hal lain yang diperlukan guna mengembangkan dirinya sendiri. Teori pembelajaran konstruktivisme berpendapat bahwa orang menghasilkan pengetahuan dan membentuk makna berdasarkan pengalaman mereka. Dalam konstruktivisme, pembelajaran direpresentasikan sebagai proses konstruktif di mana pelajar membangun ilustrasi internal pengetahuan, interpretasi pengalaman pribadi. Pengajaran konstruktivisme didasarkan pada pembelajaran yang terjadi melalui keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam konstruksi makna dan pengetahuan. Pengajaran sains dari perspektif konstruktivisme bertujuan untuk memberikan siswa pengetahuan sains sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka tidak hanya memahami konsep dan prinsip sains, tetapi juga signifikansi dari pembelajaran sains.
Program “SAHABAT” Sebagai Salah Satu Program Alternatif Penanganan Bullying Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Khasanah Iswatun
Published: February 2020

Permasalahan anak khususnya bullying seringkali terjadi di Tk. terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhunya, diantaranya karena faktor lingkungan. Anak melakukan bullying karena meniru atau imitasi dari lingkungan terdekatnya. Penanganan bullying dirasa masih belum optimal. Pelaku dan korban perlu diberikan pendampingan secara intensif. ’’Program SAHABAT” Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Penanganan Bullying Pada Anak Usia Dini (Usia 5-6 Tahun) bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan bagi guru dan orang tua mengenai penanganan bullying dan cara mengaplikasikannya. Dengan adanya Program SAHABAT guru dan orang tua dapat memperkuat wawasan dan pemahaman serta mengaplikasikan program SAHABAT sebagai salah satu altenatif dalam menangani bullying pada anak, sehingga perkembangan sosial emosional anak dapat berkembang dengan baik. Kata Kunci: program sahabat, bullying, anak usia dini
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK TK
Authors: Susanti Marlin Dwi
Published: February 2020

Tujuan pemanfaatan media terhadap motivasi belajar anak untuk memberikan gambaran konkret terhadap informasi maupun ide-ide baru dan menyatukan materi yang akan guru sampaikan terhadap pengetahuan yang akan diberikan pada anak, sehingga pemahaman dari guru maupun anak menjadi serah. Media yang digunakan tidak lepas dari bahan yang aman, tidak berbahaya dan mudah digunakan agar anak dapat mengeksplorasikan media tersebut untuk menambah pengalaman belajar anak. Jenis media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah berbentuk fisik, diantaralain yaitu boneka flannel, kereta angka, buku pintar “mertamorfosis kupu-kupu”, kartu angka dan huruf. Media yang digunakan memakai bahan bekas yang aman, mudah didapat dan tidak berbahaya, sehingga anak mudah mengeksplornya untuk menggali rasa ingin tahunya dan dapat mengetahui berbagai macam hal. Hasil dari pemanfaatan media pembelajaran ini dapat memunculkan motivasi belajar anak. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari minat anak melihat dan mendengarkan guru bercerita menggunakan media tersebut. Anak dapat mengungkapkan ide-idenya, hasil pengamatan di lingkungan sekitar anak dan pengalaman yang pernah dilakukakannya. Sehingga terciptanya kebermaknaan pembelajaran dan pemahaman materi yang didapat anak maupun materi yang disampikan guru menjadi searah. Kata Kunci: media, pembelajaran, anak
PENGEMBANGAN TEMA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Maryatun Ika Budi
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan langkah-langkah pengembangan tema pembelajaran di Taman Kanak-kanak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian literasi untuk menggali berbagai teori tentang pengembangan tema. Hasil dari kajian adalah langkah pengembangan tema yang meliputi tiga langkah utama, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan tindak lanjut. Langkah persiapan berisi analisis sumber tema. Langkah pelaksanaan meliputi :(1) memilih topik sebagai tema; (2) brainstorming tentang tema; (3) mencari literatur; (4) mengembangkan tema besar menjadi tema kecil; (5) menyusun konsep pengetahuan; (6) menentukan puncak tema; dan (7) melaksanakan tema. Langkah tindak lanjut berisi evaluasi pelaksanaan tema. Kata kunci: Tema pembelajaran, taman kanak-kanak
The Profesional Competence Improvement of Mathemtics Teachers in Kota Langsa through Maple as Solution for Mathematics problem
Authors: Saumi Fazrina -
Published: February 2020

This community service has purpose to give knowledge for teachers of senior high school (SMA) about using software Maple. Target in this program is teachers, especially mathematics teacher of SMA in Langsa whose has lack of ability in solving excact and numerically problems of mathematics. The direct approach, speech, and practical activities are used as methods in this programm. Speech is performed through socialization in giving information for teachers about benefits of Maple as one of powerful mathematics software in solving mathematics problem. In another side, practice method is performed through training of software Maple for mathematics MGMP`s teachers in Kota Langsa. The result of this programm is ability of teachers using sofware Maple in solving mathematics problems.
Latar Belakang dan Masa Depan Libya Pasca Arab Spring
Authors: * Danu Eko Agustinova
Published: February 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya Arab Spring di Libya yang berakibat pada pergantian pemerintahan di Libya serta 2) menganalisis masa depan Libya setelah terjadinya Arab Spring. Menggunakan metode sejarah melalui empat langkah metode yaitu heuristic, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan penulisan/historiografi dengan endekatan sosiologis, budaya, psikologis, dan politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 42 tahun masa pemerintahan Moammar Qaddafi Libya mengalami krisis kebebasan, demokrasi dan tingginya pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Hal ini dikarenakan pemaksaan pemikiran pribadinya  tentang “Teori Dunia Ketiga” serta dominasi Qaddafi yang absolut di Libya. Keberhasilan Arab Spring di Libya, menjadikan pemerintahan yang baru telah menyusun sistem ketatanegaraan yang baru yang mengadopsi segala aspirasi dan kepentingan rakyatnya. Bidang ekonomi, Libya diprediksi akan mengadopsi sistem ekonomi liberal. Kebijakan luar negeri Libya cenderung ke arah lebih moderat. Kata Kunci: Libya, Arab Spring.
Analisis Muatan Pendidikan Karakter Buku Teks IPS SMP di Kota Surakarta
Authors: * Fetty Permatasari, Darmiyati Zuchdi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap: (1) muatan pendidikan karakter yang tersaji dalam materi buku teks IPS SMP di Kota Surakarta, (2) kesesuaian nilai-nilai karakter yang diintegrasikan dalam buku teks dengan peta nilai untuk siswa SMP berdasarkan bahan pengembangan pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa, dan (3) kesesuaian pendekatan pendidikan karakter dalam buku teks dengan pendekatan komprehensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis konten inferensial. Fokus penelitiannya adalah muatan pendidikan karakter pada materi IPS yang disajikan dalam buku teks IPS SMP kelas VII semester 1 di Kota Surakarta. Teknik analisis konten melibatkan tiga orang rater yang dibekali dengan pedoman lembar analisis muatan pendidikan karakter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga buku teks memuat pendidikan karakter berupa nilai-nilai karakter, yang disajikan secara eksplisit dan implisit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa muatan pendidikan karakter dalam ketiga buku teks berkategori kurang memadai dengan rerata sebesar 31,33%. Kata kunci: pendidikan karakter, buku teks IPS
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan IPS FIS UNY
Authors: * Anik Widiastuti, Sugiharyanto, Satriyo W
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY yang meliputi 1) tingginya prestasi belajar mahasiswa, 2) perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jenis kelamin, 3) perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jalur masuk.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Populasi penelitian sekaligus menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 259 mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY  angkatan 2010 sampai dengan 2012. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY termasuk dalam kategori sangat memuaskan; 2) terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jenis kelamin; 3) terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jalur masuk UNY. Kata kunci: prestasi belajar, IPS
Peran Elit Politik Lokal dalam Pendidikan Politik Mahasiswa di Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: RAHMADI DIDIN SEPTA
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dari elit politik lokal dalam pendidikan politik, dan pelaksanaan pendidikan politik mahasiswa di lembaga perguruan tinggi di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif naturalistik yang diadakan dari bulan Maret-Juni. Subjek penelitian ini adalah elit politik lokal. Penarikan informan dilakukan dengan snowball. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah: (1) reduksi data, (2) abstraksi data), dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, elit politik lokal hanya malaksanakan pengkaderan untuk konstituennya, yang dalam hal ini mereka sebut pendidikan politik. Pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk mahasiswa adalah melalui bidang kepemudaan yang berfungsi sebagai sayap partai (underbow). Kedua, struktur yayasan dalam politik praktis membawa dampak pada lembaga pendidikan yang di kelola.Kata kunci: Peran, Elit Politik, Pendidikan Politik Mahasiswa.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TPS DAN NHT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Mukminan Fatimah Nur Rahmawati,
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh: (1) hasil belajar sejarah antara model pembelajaran TPS dan NHT, (2) hasil belajar sejarah antara model TPS dan NHT pada kelompok motivasi tinggi, (3) hasil belajar sejarah antara model TPS dan NHT pada kelompok motivasi rendah,  dan (4) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar sejarah. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment. Populasi penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Temanggung. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Parakan berjumlah 32 peserta didik, dan peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Candiroto berjumlah 30 peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Uji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model TPS dan NHT terhadap hasil belajar sejarah, dengan F = 5,801 dan p = 0,019 0,05, (2) model NHT lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada kelompok motivasi tinggi, dengan F = 0,127 dan p = 0,724 0,05, (3) model TPS lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada kelompok motivasi rendah, dengan   F= 12,418 dan p = 0,002 0,05, dan (4) terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar peserta didik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah, dengan F = 6,361 dan p = 0,014 0,05. Kata kunci: Model TPS, Model NHT, Hasil Belajar, Motivasi Belajar
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Multikultural Di SMK Negeri 2 Mataram
Authors: * Nurlaili Handayani, Taat Wulandari
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural di SMKN 2 Mataram, dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural di SMKN 2 Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan naturalistik. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik tringulasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural dilaksanakan melalui program-program sebagai berikut: a) komitmen manajemen sekolah; b) melalui tata tertib sekolah; c) pengintegrasian pada program intrakurikuler; d) pengintegrasian pada program ekstrakurikuler; e) budaya sekolah dan f) program jaringan kerja. Sekolah mengembangkan nilai-nilai karakter: nilai religius, mandiri, peduli lingkungan, berprestasi, toleransi, demokratis, semangat kebangsaan, kompetitif dan cinta damai. Faktor pendukung antara lain: a) komitmen dan kerjasama yang baik antara kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, dan keterlibatan orang tua wali; b) dukungan pihak pemerintah dan swasta dalam jaringan kerja. Faktor penghambat antara lain: a) kebiasaan dan budaya lingkungan asal siswa yang berbeda; b) lingkungan masyarakat; c) lingkungan teman sebaya dan media elektronik; e) sarana prasarana yang belum lengkap; f) evaluasi program pendidikan karakter yang belum optimal, sehingga mempengaruhi proses penanaman karakter. Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, multikultural, multikultural di SMK
PEMILOS : implementasi pembinaan kesadaran konstitusi di SMK N 1 Pandak
Authors: Regeng Regeng
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan hasil penelitian best practises tentang penyelenggaraan pemilihan osis (pemilos), menjelaskan peran guru PPKn dan menganalisis praktek pembinaan kesadaran konstitusi melalui pemilos di SMK N 1 Pandak. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Teknik analisa hasil penelitian dengan triangulasi sumber dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pemilos mengedepankan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yakni 1) Upaya menyampaikan pengetahuan tentang Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan kepada peserta didik di sekolah; 2) Pewarisan kebudayaan yang memuat nilai-nilai karakter kejujuran, keadilan, toleransi, penghargaan, mengakui hak dan kewajiban kepada generasi muda melalui lembaga pendidikan sekolah; 3) upaya mengorganisasikan lingkungan untuk menciptakan kondisi belajar bagi peserta didik melalui dukungan penyelenggaraan pemilos; 4) Upaya mempersiapkan peserta didik menjadi warga negara yang baik untuk terlibat aktif dalam proses menentukan pemimpin; 5) Proses membantu peserta didik menghadapi kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai warga negara. Guru PPKn berperan menerjemahkan pemilos sebagai sarana inovasi model pembelajaran yang dirumuskan dalam tiga langkah yakni orientasi, implementasi dan capaian pembelajaran. Selain itu pemilos dapat ditelaah dalam sebuah kajian tentang bentuk pembelajaran PPKn dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kurikulum 2013 melalui 1) Proses pendidikan yang mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking Skill) bagi peserta didik; 2) Pendekatan ilmiah (scientific learning) yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik dan guru menjadikan guru sebagai fasilitator bagi peserta didik untuk menemukan pengetahuan baru yang ditemukan di lapangan melalui pemilos; 3) Model pembelajaran yang dikembangkan melalui pemilos dapat dikatakan sebagai bentuk Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning); 4) Pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan memecahkan masalah, kreativitas, inovasi, kemampuan komunikasi, dan kemampuan kolaborasi peserta didik telah terbangun melalui pemilos; 5) Pemilos sebagai sarana pembelajaran yang mampu menguatkan pendidikan karakter. Kata kunci : pemilos, kesadaran konstitusi, SMK N 1 Pandak, guru PPKn
Efektivitas outdoor study untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Geografi berdasarkan locus of control di SMA Kota Palembang
Authors: Cintami Cintami , Mukminan Mukminan
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas outdoor study untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar geografi berdasarkan locus of control di SMA Kota Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Quasi Experiment. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis two way anova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan locus of control terhadap hasil belajar kognitif sehingga outdoor study lebih efektif untuk peserta didik bertipe extrovert dan outdoor study tidak efektif untuk peserta didik bertipe introvert, dan 2) terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan locus of control terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan sehingga outdoor study lebih efektif untuk peserta didik bertipe extrovert dan outdoor study tidak efektif untuk peserta didik bertipe introvert.
Sources of Health Information and Their Impacts on Medical Knowledge Perception Among the Saudi Arabian Population: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alduraywish Shatha A , Altamimi Lamees A , Aldhuwayhi Rawan A , AlZamil Lama R , Alzeghayer Luluh Y , Alsaleh Futoon S , Aldakheel Fahad M , Tharkar Shabana
Published: February 2020

Background

Having a reliable source for health information is vital to build a strong foundation of knowledge, especially with the current revolution of the internet and social media, which raises many concerns regarding harmful effects on the health of the public. However, there are no studies on how the Saudi Arabian population seeks health information. Details about the most used and trusted sources of health information among the public will help health authorities and public awareness accounts on social media to effectively disseminate health information.

Objective

To investigate the types of sources accessed by the Saudi Arabian population while seeking health information, as well as their level of trust in the sources and to assess the impact of these sources on their perception of medical knowledge and health decision-making.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to meet the objectives. The study population included both men and women who were aged 16 years or more and visited primary care clinics at King Khalid University Hospital. Four hundred and thirteen participants were sampled using the simple random method, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA).

Results

A total of 413 participants were included in this study, and of these, 99 (24.0%) were males and 206 (49.9%) had a bachelor’s degree. Doctors were chosen as the first source of information by 87.6% (283/323) of the participants, and they were completely trusted by most of the population (326/411, 79.3%). The second most commonly used source was pharmacists (112/194, 57.7%), and they were partially trusted by 41.4% (159/384) of the participants. Internet searches, social media, and traditional medicine were not prioritized by most of the participants as the first or second source of health information. The majority of the participants did not trust information obtained from social media, and WhatsApp was the most untrusted source. Almost half of the respondents (197/413, 47.7%) acknowledged that various sources of information can often help them understand their health problems. However, the majority disagreed on substituting a doctor’s prescription with information obtained from the internet or a friend or relative.

Conclusions

Although physicians were preferred and highly trusted, internet sources appeared to impact the medical knowledge of the population. The population still preferred to use internet search to obtain health information prior to a doctor’s visit.
Implementation of a telementoring program for recently graduated physicians working in rural areas of Peru: A first approach and lessons learned (Preprint)
Authors: Rojas-Mezarina Leonardo , Escobar-Agreda Stefan , Vargas-Herrera Javier , Espinoza Héctor , Chahuara-Rojas Max , Silva-Valencia Javier , Reátegui-Rivera C Mahony , Ronceros Gerardo , Moscoso-Porras Miguel G
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Telementoring seems to be a promising strategy to deliver training and counselling to physicians in remote areas. However, in order to be sustainable, its logistics and processes must be thoroughly assessed. In Peru, a university deployed a telementoring program for its graduated physicians to provide them help with difficult cases. This is an interesting opportunity to explore what worked and what can be improved.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the response and perceived experiences about the implementation of a telementoring system for recently graduated physicians working in rural areas of Peru.

METHODS

Mixed methods study exploring the process and utility of a telementoring program implemented by a university. Recently graduated physicians from a public university working in rural areas as part of a social health service (known as SERUMS in Spanish) participate in the telementoring program, which uses a dedicated medical messaging application to facilitate communication between rural family doctors and other medical specialists for clinical case resolution guidance. We assessed some characteristics of the telementoring program (logistics, utilization, performance) and we conducted some in-depth interviews with the physicians to explore the perceived utility, acceptability, ease of use of the messaging app, and reason for non-utilization of the mentoring program.

RESULTS

The telementoring program was implemented for one year. 74 physicians (mean age 25, 51.4% women) were advised to use the app and ask for help if they have to deal with a difficult case. At the end of the program only 12 (16.2%) physicians performed a total of 27 queries, which received response in an average time of 5.4 ± 6.3 hours. In the interviews, users stated the app was a useful tool for receiving guidance for some pathologies, while non-users declared their queries were “general” or “not complex” thus, they did not need professional support. Also, limited internet access in rural areas and the expectance of slow response-time were reasons for not using the telementoring service.

CONCLUSIONS

In Peru, the implementation of a telementoring system sought to provide guidance to recently graduated physicians working in rural areas. Low use rates and slow responses show that administrative and process-related deficiencies in the implementation need to be improved.
Limitations of Deep Learning Attention Mechanisms in Clinical Research: Empirical Case Study Based on the Korean Diabetic Disease Setting (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Junetae , Lee Sangwon , Hwang Eugene , Ryu Kwang Sun , Jeong Hanseok , Lee Jae Wook , Hwangbo Yul , Choi Kui Son , Cha Hyo Soung
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Despite excellent prediction performance, noninterpretability has undermined the value of applying deep-learning algorithms in clinical practice. To overcome this limitation, attention mechanism has been introduced to clinical research as an explanatory modeling method. However, potential limitations of using this attractive method have not been clarified to clinical researchers. Furthermore, there has been a lack of introductory information explaining attention mechanisms to clinical researchers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to introduce the basic concepts and design approaches of attention mechanisms. In addition, we aimed to empirically assess the potential limitations of current attention mechanisms in terms of prediction and interpretability performance.

METHODS

First, the basic concepts and several key considerations regarding attention mechanisms were identified. Second, four approaches to attention mechanisms were suggested according to a two-dimensional framework based on the degrees of freedom and uncertainty awareness. Third, the prediction performance, probability reliability, concentration of variable importance, consistency of attention results, and generalizability of attention results to conventional statistics were assessed in the diabetic classification modeling setting. Fourth, the potential limitations of attention mechanisms were considered.

RESULTS

Prediction performance was very high for all models. Probability reliability was high in models with uncertainty awareness. Variable importance was concentrated in several variables when uncertainty awareness was not considered. The consistency of attention results was high when uncertainty awareness was considered. The generalizability of attention results to conventional statistics was poor regardless of the modeling approach.

CONCLUSIONS

The attention mechanism is an attractive technique with potential to be very promising in the future. However, it may not yet be desirable to rely on this method to assess variable importance in clinical settings. Therefore, along with theoretical studies enhancing attention mechanisms, more empirical studies investigating potential limitations should be encouraged.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Daun Tembakau terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nurnasari Elda , Wijayanti Kristiana Sri
Published: February 2020

Tobacco plants are widely used as raw material for cigarettes, but the results of the study show that in tobacco leaves contain compounds that can be used in the pharmaceutical and health fields. Tobacco leaves contain essential oils that have a distinctive aroma. The study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of tobacco essential oil from six sources tobacco such as Temanggung, Yogyakarta, Purwodadi, Boyolali, Blitar and Probolinggo. Tobacco essential oil is obtained by the steam-water distillation method. Antibacterial activity evaluation was carried out by diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration on two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The yield of tobacco essential oil ranged from 0.54-3.39%. Tobacco essential oil had antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli and S. aureus in the presence of inhibition zones in bacterial media. The biggest inhibition zone was in Yogyakarta tobacco essential oil of 26 mm for S. aureus bacteria, while for E. coli bacteria the biggest inhibition zone was Blitar tobacco essential oil which was equal to 21 mm. The inhibition zone was not much different from the inhibition zone in tetracycline antibiotic testing (positive control) which was 25 mm in S. aureus and 21.5 mm bacteria in E. coli bacteria. Tobacco essential oil from Probolinggo was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria up to a concentration of 6.25% and E. coli bacteria to a concentration of 12.5%.
Axillary Reconstruction Using a Pedicled Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap Including Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Strip
Authors: Cha Jin An , Yoon Sung Ho
Published: February 2020

For axillary reconstruction, most reconstructive surgeons use the latissimus dorsi flap because of its usefulness and reliability. However, the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap poses complications such as donor site morbidity and poor aesthetic results. Moreover, the thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap, without muscle, presents difficulties for the delicate procedure of dissecting the perforators separately. Therefore, we propose the use of a pedicled TDAP flap including a latissimus dorsi muscle strip for axillary reconstruction, as it is believed to be easier and safer to perform.