bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hipotireoidismo na gravidez: um relato de caso
Authors: Lucas Rocha Santana da Silva  , Rocha Santana da Silva Luiza , Pereira Lívia Messias , Alves Nasser Gurjão Clara Afife Salim Buhamara , Carvalho Barros Bezerra Davi , Barros Araújo João Victor , Rodrigues de Souza Ana Clara , Pinto Siriano Tiago , João Pedro Fais
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de uma paciente gestante que apresenta hipotireoidismo com tratamento com Levoid 50 mg interrompido durante a gestação e correlacionar com a literatura atual a respeito do assunto . Método: Foi analisado um caso clínico através de um prontuário médico de uma paciente gestante onde foi feito um relato descritivo e transversal. Resultado/relato de caso: Paciente gestante de 28 anos com histórico de hipertireoidismo com início há 8 anos tratado com Tapazol. Há 1 ano apresentou hipotireoidismo tratando com Levoid 50 mg e suspendeu tratamento devido a dor em epigástrio . Discussão: O caso em destaque demonstra o risco que uma desregulação no eixo hipotálamo hipófise e gônadas podem causar para a saúde tanto da mãe quanto do bebê , sendo, por isso, a doença de graves uma das principais responsáveis por quadros de hipertiroidismo, bem como evidencia a importância da assistência médica durante o tratamento medicamentoso essencial para um bom desfecho clínico . Considerações finais: Fica claro com o estudo em questão a importância da identificação precoce de distúrbios que desregulam a tireoide para a proteção tanto da mãe quanto do feto. Dessa forma, esse estudo se faz importante para inspirar políticas públicas voltadas para aumentar a eficiência da identificação de comorbidades durante a pré natal com o fito de aumentar as chances de sobrevivência materno-fetais.
valuation of the Use of Bioabsorbable Stents versus Metallic Stents in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Integrative Review
Authors: Avanci Júnior José Amarildo , Fontes da Silva Marcelo , Merchid Baltar Letícia , Patrocinio Victor Hugo , Silveira Mendes Thamara , Bispo da Silva Alves Bárbara , Adames Jorge Alexandre , Tancredi Andrade Nantes De  Castro Rafaella , Da Costa Josué Gabriel , Barbosa Loubet Murillo
Published: August 2024

The integrative review addresses the evolution and efficacy of stents in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent research highlights the importance of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in improving CAD treatment, emphasizing the innovation of bioabsorbable stents (BVS) compared to metallic stents, particularly drug-eluting stents (DES). The objective was to compare the efficacy, safety, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of BVS and DES. Methodologically, the review involved a bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, selecting studies from 2013 to 2023 that analyzed aspects such as restenosis rates and incidence of adverse events. Results indicate that BVS exhibit initial efficacy like DES in restoring blood flow but with higher rates of restenosis and thrombosis in some studies. Economic analysis suggests that although BVS are initially more expensive, they may be cost-effective in the long term due to the reduction in late complications. The conclusion underscores the need for continuous improvements in BVS materials and designs, as well as adequate training of professionals to optimize implantation and clinical outcomes. Future clinical trials and long-term follow-up studies are essential to validate the benefits of BVS and justify their adoption in clinical practice. Continuous research and collaboration between developers and clinicians are crucial to overcoming barriers and realizing the potential of BVS in percutaneous coronary intervention.
From Advice to “Secret Mandates”: The Evolution of Government Intervention in Public-Sector Bargaining in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Foster Jason , Barnetson Bob , Cake Susan
Published: August 2024

Governments in Canada are increasingly using multiple tools to advance their political agenda at the expense of free collective bargaining in the public sector. Legislative intervention has long been a strategy to curtail bargaining rights (Evans et al., 2023). Recently, governments have turned to non-legislative means to influence bargaining outcomes. This article is about the use of a coordination office, a decidedly non-legislative tactic, and how, over two rounds of negotiations, it transformed public-sector bargaining in Alberta. Bargaining has been further transformed by enactment of a legal requirement to keep the government’s mandates secret, the outcome being increased frustration among union representatives and potential damage to long-term relationships. Together, these measures have provided the government with a powerful means of influence, which, if successful, could spread to other jurisdictions.
Research progress of ultracold ion source
Authors: Zhou Wen-Chang , Fang Feng , Luo Chang-Jie , Mou Hong-Jin , Lu Liang , Zou Li-Ping , Cheng Rui , Yang Jie , Du Guang-Hua ,   Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China,   Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China,   CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: August 2024

Nanobeam is an advanced technology for preparing charged ion beams with spot diameters on a nanometer scale, and mainly used for high-resolution and high-precision ion beam analysis, ion beam fabrication and ion beam material modification research. The nanobeam devices play an important role in realizing material analysis, micro/nano fabrication, microelectronic device manufacturing and quantum computing. The high-quality ion source is one of the key components of nanobeam device, the performance of which directly affects the resolution and precision of the nanobeam system. However, the traditional ion source used in this system is limited to available ionic species, large energy spread and complex structure. These issues hinder their ability to meet emerging application scenarios that require multi-ion types and high resolution. This emphasizes the importance of creating newion sources as soon as possible.

With the development of laser cooling technology, ultracold ions with temperatures in the range of mK or even μK can be obtained based on photoionization of cold atoms and laser cooling of ions. The typical characteristics of low temperature and easy operation greatly promote the emergence of ultracold ion sources. The ultracold ions exhibit extremely small transverse velocity divergence, which can significantly enhance the brightness and emittance quality parameters of the ion source, bringing great opportunities for innovating nano-ion beam technology. Therefore, the research on ultracold ion sources is of great significance for achieving high-quality ion sources with higher brightness, smaller size, lower energy dispersion, more diverse ion species, and simplified structure. Here, we introduce the important achievements in basic research and application technology development of magneto-optical trap ion sources, cold atomic beam ion sources, and ultracold single ion sources from the aspects of preparation principles, generation methods, and typical applications, and review the recent research progress of ultracold ion sources. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development and application prospects of ultracold ion sources.
Circulating small extracellular vesicle RNA profiling for the detection of T1a stage colorectal cancer and precancerous advanced adenoma
Authors: Min Li , Bu Fanqin , Meng Jingxin , Liu Xiang , Guo Qingdong , Zhao Libo , Li Zhi , Li Xiangji , Zhu Shengtao , Zhang Shutian
Published: August 2024

It takes more than 20 years for normal colorectal mucosa to develop into metastatic carcinoma. The long time window provides a golden opportunity for early detection to terminate the malignant progression. Here, we aim to enable liquid biopsy of T1a stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous advanced adenoma (AA) by profiling circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived RNAs. We exhibited a full RNA landscape for the circulating sEVs isolated from 60 participants. A total of 58,333 annotated RNAs were detected from plasma sEVs, among which 1,615 and 888 sEV-RNAs were found differentially expressed in plasma from T1a stage CRC and AA compared to normal controls (NC). Then we further categorized these sEV-RNAs into six modules by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and constructed a 60-gene t-SNE model consisting of the top 10 RNAs of each module that could well distinguish T1a stage CRC/AA from NC samples. Some sEV-RNAs were also identified as indicators of specific endoscopic and morphological features of different colorectal lesions. The top-ranked biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR, proving that these candidate sEV-RNAs successfully identified T1a stage CRC/AA from NC in another cohort of 124 participants. Finally, we adopted different algorithms to improve the performance of RT-qPCR-based models and successfully constructed an optimized classifier with 79.3% specificity and 99.0% sensitivity. In conclusion, circulating sEVs of T1a stage CRC and AA patients have distinct RNA profiles, which successfully enable the detection of both T1a stage CRC and AA via liquid biopsy.
Endocannabinoids and their receptors modulate endometriosis pathogenesis and immune response
Authors: Lingegowda Harshavardhan , Zutautas Katherine B , Wei Yuhong , Yolmo Priyanka , Sisnett Danielle J , McCallion Alison , Koti Madhuri , Tayade Chandrakant
Published: August 2024

Endometriosis (EM), characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, is the leading cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in females of reproductive age. Despite its high prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying EM pathogenesis remain poorly understood. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to influence several cardinal features of this complex disease including pain, vascularization, and overall lesion survival, but the exact mechanisms are not known. Utilizing CNR1 knockout (k/o), CNR2 k/o, and wild-type (WT) mouse models of EM, we reveal contributions of ECS and these receptors in disease initiation, progression, and immune modulation. Particularly, we identified EM-specific T cell dysfunction in the CNR2 k/o mouse model of EM. We also demonstrate the impact of decidualization-induced changes on ECS components, and the unique disease-associated transcriptional landscape of ECS components in EM. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) analysis revealed distinct features of the microenvironment between CNR1, CNR2, and WT genotypes in the presence or absence of decidualization. This study, for the first time, provides an in-depth analysis of the involvement of the ECS in EM pathogenesis and lays the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden of this debilitating condition.
Staying on Track? Discrepancies, Doubts and Dilemmas Confronting Regulatory Authorities in the Dutch Railway Sector
Authors: Entius Roos , de Waele Henri , Kuypers Pieter
Published: August 2024

This article dives into the pivotal role of national regulatory authorities in applying, monitoring, and enforcing the ever-expanding body of EU rules governing railways. It particularly examines the alignment between the Dutch and European legal frameworks, flagging predicaments arising in theory and practice, employing the classic lenses of the 'law in the books' and the 'law in action'. Through document analysis, with the aid of case studies and empirical data highlighting the role of key authorities in the sector, it exposes several domestic implementation gaps. Moreover, the contribution draws attention to a series of practical dilemmas that play up in the application and enforcement stage, owing seemingly to the shift from a rule-based to a risk-based philosophy —alongside an over-zealous cleaning-up of the national statute book, attempts to accommodate specific political preferences, as well as a continuous pressure to keep up with supranational modifications. Planned amendments to the tasks of the discussed authorities, together with coping strategies that are already in the pipeline, offer viable solutions that should at least mitigate, if not resolve, the main issues this study brings to the fore.
The Quasi-Judicial Role of National Competent Authorities: an Ambiguity that the Principle of Effective Judicial Protection could help address?
Authors: Mattioli Pietro
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the emerging quasi-judicial role of Member States' authorities competent for the enforcement of EU law at the national level. In various sectors, EU legislation entrusts these entities with tasks of dispute settlement, enforcement and protection of individuals'
rights and interests, along with investigative and corrective powers, and safeguards of independence akin to those of national courts. At the same time, however, the EU legislator and the Court of Justice have not explicitly acknowledged the quasi-judicial role that these authorities are called
to perform. In this view, the article argues that the absence of explicit recognition of that role undermines the effective judicial protection of individuals' rights under EU law. It calls for a clear and direct acknowledgment of this role to improve the procedural guarantees for individuals
seeking remedies from these entities. To develop that argument, Section 2 starts by exploring how Member States' competent authorities have acquired quasi-judicial features through an analysis of EU sectoral legislation, emphasising the increasing alignment with judicial bodies in terms of
independence and responsibilities. Subsequently, Section 3 examines the reasons impeding the formal recognition of the quasi-judicial status of these authorities within EU legislation. It addresses the Court of Justice's cautious stance on the nature of their functions. This section concludes
by calling for the recognition of their quasi-judicial role based on the principle of effective judicial protection, aiming to address the ambiguity surrounding their role and enhance legal certainty within the EU legal framework.
The Principle of Ne Bis In Idem (Article 50 of the Charter) at the Cross-Border Interface of Punitive Administrative and Criminal Proceedings in the European Union
Authors: de Vries Aart
Published: August 2024

Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU enshrines the principle of ne bis in idem: no one shall be liable to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings for an offence for which he or she has already been finally acquitted or convicted within the Union in accordance
with the law. In Case 27/22 Volkswagen Group Italia SpA and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, the Court of Justice rules on the cross-border application of and limitations to the principle of ne bis in idem against the background of the 'punitive follow-up' in Germany and Italy of the Volkswagen
emission scandal. In this contribution, I discuss the judgment of the Court of Justice and provide some comments on the case. In my commentary, I specifically focus on the complex and controversial aspects of the cross-border application of and limitations to the principle of ne bis in idem,
and the broader relevance of the judgment as an illustration of the current 'asymmetry' in the EU at the interface of punitive administrative and criminal law proceedings.
OP v Commune d'Ans: Court Says No to Public Display of Religion for Public Employees
Authors: Tavormina Celestia , Nowak Tobias
Published: August 2024

Religious expression at the workplace is a recurring theme in preliminary rulings of the CJEU, not least because the CJEU repeatedly misses the chance to provide clearer guidance on minimum standards of inclusivity which the Member States should apply. This lack of guidance can be seen
in the rulings addressing the wearing of headscarves by private employees in recent years. National courts and legal scholars were hoping in vain that the CJEU would clarify how to handle religious expression at the workplace. In its recent preliminary ruling in OP v Commune d'Ans the CJEU
again failed to clarify certain contested issues but also extended its unclear interpretation to public employees. This case note examines the potential harm caused by lack of definitive answers from the CJEU, the difficult balancing act between EU non-discrimination law and state competencies,
and the need for an EU interpretation of religious freedom to evolve in order to properly serve its citizens.
Prognostic role of chemokine-related genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hou Yanfei , Chen Yu , Zhang Yaofang , Li Mengyao , Chen Jianfang
Published: August 2024

Background

Chemotactic cytokines play a crucial role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, investigating the mechanisms of chemotactic cytokine-related genes (CCRGs) in AML is of paramount importance.

Methods

Using the TCGA-AML, GSE114868, and GSE12417 datasets, differential expression analysis identified differentially expressed CCRGs (DE-CCRGs). These genes were screened by overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML and control groups with CCRGs. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted to explore the functions of the DE-CCRGs. Univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified relevant prognostic genes and developed a prognostic model. Survival analysis of the prognostic gene was performed, followed by functional similarity analysis, immune analysis, enrichment analysis, and drug prediction analysis.

Results

Differential expression analysis revealed 6,743 DEGs, of which 29 DE-CCRGs were selected for this study. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DE-CCRGs were primarily involved in chemotactic cytokine-related functions and pathways. Six prognostic genes (CXCR3, CXCR2, CXCR6, CCL20, CCL4, and CCR2) were identified and incorporated into the risk model. The model’s performance was validated using the GSE12417 dataset. Survival analysis showed significant differences in AML overall survival (OS) between prognostic gene high and low expression groups, indicating that prognostic gene might be significantly associated with patient survival. Additionally, nine different immune cells were identified between the two risk groups. Correlation analysis revealed that CCR2 had the most significant positive correlation with monocytes and the most significant negative correlation with resting mast cells. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score was lower in the high-risk group.

Conclusion

CXCR3, CXCR2, CXCR6, CCL20, CCL4, and CCR2 were identified as prognostic genes correlated to AML and the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings offerred novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AML.
Entre la trayectoria profesional y la contextualización curricular : docentes de Educación Media Técnico Profesional en Chile
Authors:   , Aguirre Carreño, Isadora Sofía
Published: August 2024

En la Educación Media Técnico Profesional (EMTP) los docentes son actores clave, ya que tienen un rol de intermediario entre el contexto escolar de aprendizaje y el futuro contexto laboral de los estudiantes (Christidis, 2019; Espinas et al., 2020). Este proceso implica una contextualización del currículum nacional. Los docentes evocan sus saberes previos y rescatan los sentidos del texto curricular para ponerlos en diálogo pertinente con sus estudiantes (Espinoza et al, 2017). En este Trabajo Final de Egreso se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con tres docentes de EMTP, teniendo como pregunta guía: ¿cómo se relaciona la trayectoria profesional de un docente de EMTP con los procesos de contextualización curricular que desarrolla en sus clases? El diseño de la investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico. Como instrumento de recolección de la información se utilizó la entrevista biográfica. Los resultados indagan la trayectoria profesional, la trayectoria de aprendizaje docente, y los nexos entre docencia, escuela e industria. Finalmente, se propone un plan de mejora que responde a dos problemáticas identificadas en la realización del estudio: la carencia de conocimientos pedagógicos por parte de los docentes TP y la preocupación sobre el ingreso al mundo laboral de sus estudiantes.
Evaluación del Trabajo Colaborativo. Una Propuesta para el Primer Nivel de Transición en Educación Parvularia
Authors:   , Muñoz Acevedo Claudia Andrea
Published: August 2024

Esta indagación aborda la importancia de las Habilidades del Siglo XXI (HH SXXI) en la educación. En un contexto donde la sociedad y la economía evolucionan rápidamente, es crucial que la educación dote a los jóvenes con competencias como la colaboración, la comunicación efectiva, el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad y el manejo de la tecnología. Este trabajo se enfoca en el Trabajo Colaborativo y se desarrolla en una institución educativa cuyo proyecto enfatiza estas habilidades, y se centra en la evaluación de la habilidad en niños de pre-kínder.Para evaluar de manera objetiva el trabajo colaborativo, se diseñaron instrumentos confiables y válidos, incluyendo rúbricas, escalas de valoración y registros de observación. Estos instrumentos fueron validados por jueces expertos y probados en un grupo de 12 niños. Se realizó una intervención didáctica centrada en actividades diseñadas para fomentar la colaboración, evaluando cómo los niños manifestaban esta habilidad en el aula.La investigación utilizó un enfoque cualitativo complementado con análisis cuantitativo. Las observaciones se realizaron durante actividades planificadas específicamente para fomentar la colaboración. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque los niños demostraron habilidades de comunicación y disposición para trabajar en equipo, áreas como la resolución de conflictos y la colaboración constructiva necesitan más tiempo y atención para desarrollarse plenamente.Las educadoras y la coordinadora del nivel preescolar subrayaron la importancia de desarrollar y evaluar las HH SXXI, mencionando la falta de un sistema explícito para su evaluación. Los instrumentos diseñados permitieron identificar tanto las conductas colaborativas existentes como las áreas que requieren mayor intervención didáctica.El proceso de investigación-acción adoptado permitió ajustes y mejoras continuas, asegurando una metodología flexible y adaptativa. La recopilación de datos cualitativos mediante registros anecdóticos y observaciones abiertas proporcionó una visión detallada de las interacciones entre los niños.Entre las conclusiones, se destaca que los instrumentos desarrollados fueron efectivos para evaluar el trabajo colaborativo en preescolares, ofreciendo una base sólida para futuras evaluaciones de otras HH SXXI. Sin embargo, se identificaron limitaciones como la necesidad de incluir evaluaciones durante el juego libre y extender el tiempo de implementación para observar cambios significativos en las habilidades de colaboración en los niños.El trabajo resalta la importancia de la colaboración docente para el desarrollo de estas habilidades, demostrando que un enfoque colaborativo en la enseñanza puede enriquecer tanto el aprendizaje de los estudiantes como el desarrollo profesional de los educadores. La transferencia de estos aprendizajes y prácticas a otras áreas de la educación inicial es una proyección factible y necesaria para la mejora continua del proceso educativo.
Assessment of the Group Efficiency of the Farmers Producer Organization in the Old Alluvial Zone of Eastern India
Authors: Aktar Firoj , Das Ganesh , Ali Golam Torab , Das Litan , Pal Prabhat Kumar
Published: August 2024

A Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) is a collective of farmers who join together to form an organization to improve their agricultural production and marketing efforts. This study investigates the group efficiency of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in the Malda District of West Bengal, focusing on factors influencing their performance and collaboration networks. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 in the old alluvial zone, the study used a combination of simple and purposive sampling methods to gather data from 90 respondents across 9 villages. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and advanced tests like ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, supported by factor analysis to identify efficiency drivers. Results highlight critical factors such as women’s participation, respect for opinions, and access to up-to-date information as pivotal for FPO effectiveness. Network analysis reveals stronger institutional collaborations in Group A compared to Groups B and C, underscoring their impact on group efficiency. Findings emphasize the importance of inclusive decision-making processes and supportive external networks for enhancing FPO performance in rural contexts.
Evaluation of Novel Insecticides against Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera litura and Castor Semilooper Achaea janata of Castor
Authors: B Keerthana, , M. S. V Chalam, , Radhika
Published: August 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ten insecticides viz., spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.5 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.2 ml l-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @0.3 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1, azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1 ml l-1, spinetoram 11.7 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.5 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 and quinalphos 25EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 along with an untreated control. Pooled efficacies of these treatments revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 was found to be the most effective treatment which exhibited highest efficacy against Spodoptera litura (75.26 per cent reduction over control) and Achaea janata (82.31 per cent ROC) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml l-1 which recorded 68.80 % and 76.15 % ROC respectively. The least per cent ROC was recorded in azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1 ml l-1.
Laboratory Evaluation of Soil Moisture Sensors for Precision Irrigation in Agriculture
Authors: A.R Aashabai , N Hari. , Kumar. K Charith , M Srinivasulu. , G Manoj Kumar.
Published: August 2024

Water is essential for agricultural production and food security, making efficient water use critical. Accurate measurement of soil moisture is vital for scheduling irrigation, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water at the right time. This prevents both under- and over-irrigation, conserving water and maximizing crop production. Currently, digital soil moisture sensors are used for their accuracy and instant measurement capabilities. The soil moisture sensor's functionality was evaluated through observations of four Capacitive soil moisture sensors 1.2 (SMS A, B, C, D) at various moisture levels, with gravimetric method verification. The calibrated linear equations demonstrated a strong linear relationship for each sensor. The coefficient of determination (R2) were also found to be 0.92, 0.93, 0.91 and 0.93 respectively. These R² values indicate a strong linear relationship for each sensor. An automated drip irrigation module was developed by integrating these soil moisture sensors with the Arduino platform. The system activates the irrigation motor when soil moisture content falls below the field capacity or a desired set value, and turns it off once the required moisture level is reached. This sensor-based automated drip irrigation module enables farmers to irrigate their fields precisely and efficiently, delivering the right quantity of water at the right time. The system is also suitable for deficit irrigation practices, improving crop yield and water use efficiency.
Studies on Genetic Variability and Morphological Variations of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Germplasm
Authors: Sakariah Noria Merin , Lal Gaibriyal M.
Published: August 2024

Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] belongs to the family of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and it is an important annual legume crop widely cultivated in semi-arid tropics. In the present investigation, a total of 20 lines of greengram including one check variety were evaluated during Zaid, 2023 in Randomized Block Design with three replications for genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance by using 13 quantitative traits and to study morphological variation for these 13 quantitative characters by metroglyph and index score method. Analysis of variance for various quantitative characters revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed high significant differences for all characters under study at 1% level and 5% level of significance. High GCV, PCV, heritability, and genetic advance were recorded by number of pods per plant. Based on metroglyph analysis and scatter diagram, 20 genotypes were grouped into 5 complexes, and the maximum number of genotypes (15) were found in group I. The two most variable characters, number of pods per plant and plant height (cm) were selected for the X and Y axes, respectively. The germplasm lines VIRAT (31), CO-7 (31), LGG-407 (30), AMULYA (29) and IPM-2-3 (29) recorded high index scores and fell into different clusters do well for morphological variations for a greater number of traits. Thus, the use of these genotypes in future breeding programs for crossing to obtain maximum variability of good combinations is suggested.
Multidisciplinary Management of a Gastrocolic Fistula Secondary to Gastric Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ede George , James Shiney Ansa , Raja Thiyagakarthick , Osawaru Craig Omoruyi , Subhan Muhammad , Bibi Ruqiya
Published: August 2024

Gastrocolic fistula, an uncommon complication of gastric cancer, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its rarity and complex management. This report presents a case of a 65-year-old female presenting with epigastric pain, foul-smelling vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal distension. Clinical examination revealed a distended abdomen with positive bowel sounds, and laboratory findings showed anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Imaging studies identified a fistulous tract connecting the distal stomach and mid-transverse colon, alongside liver metastasis, abdominopelvic ascites, and pleural effusion. Endoscopy confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma with a gastrocolic fistula. The patient underwent a multidisciplinary approach, including diagnostic laparoscopy, distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunal anastomosis, and systemic chemotherapy. This case highlights the importance of early detection and collaborative management in treating gastrocolic fistulas associated with gastric cancer, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Awareness and Utilization of Millets and Its Value-added Products among Rural Consumers in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Subhalakshmi K. , Selvarani G. , Velusamy R. , Ramakrishnan K. , Prabakaran K.
Published: August 2024

Millets are sustainable and nutritious alternative to cereals. Millets are utilized due to its potential in attaining food security. This study was conducted in Madurai district to assess the awareness and utilization of millets and its value-added products among rural consumers. A sample size of 75 respondents were selected from three blocks such as Sedapatti, T.Kallupatti, Usilampatti using random sampling method. The data for this study was collected through personal interview technique using pre tested interview schedule. Value-added products of millets were categorized into ready to eat, ready to cook, instant mix and snacks. The statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were used to assess the awareness and utilization of millets and its value-added products among rural consumers and analysed the data using SPSS software. Majority of them were aware of millet flour, millet roti, millet kali and millet murukku. Most of the rural consumers had utilized millet in the form of millet kali (100.00%) and millet roti (96.00%). Age, educational status, occupational status, annual income, family size, information source utilization, period of consumption of millets had shown significant and positive relationship with awareness and utilization at one and five per cent level of significance. The R2 square value of awareness (0.726) and utilization (0.518) of millets and its value-added products were observed in this study. Millets and its value-added products’ awareness and utilization can be increased through awareness campaigns, demonstrations and trainings.
Promising Round-shaped Variety Anand Raj Exhibiting Glossy Skin Characteristics in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Pandya M. M. , Acharya R. R. , Patel N. A. , Kathiria K. B. , Gohil D. P. , Patel J. N. , Joshi V. I.
Published: August 2024

In brinjal, consumer preference hinges on multifaceted criteria encompassing nutritional content, visual appeal, and culinary attributes, while farmers prioritize factors such as yield potential and market suitability. In response to this dual demand spectrum, the cultivar "Anand Raj" was meticulously developed, and tailored to excel in the unique agro-climatic conditions prevalent in middle Gujarat. Anand Raj, emerged from the controlled cross breeding program involving AB 07-2 x GOB 1 utilizing the pedigree method of plant breeding at the Main Vegetable Research Station of Anand Agricultural University, Anand, spanning the years 2017 to 2021. Anand Raj showcased a mean fruit yield of 425.77 q/ha, exhibiting 25.47, 20.90, 24.33, 25.69 and 32.00% higher fruit yield in whole Gujarat while evaluating under PET, SSVT and LSVT. Based on mean fruit yield data, Anand raj (513.18q/ha) exhibited 26.88, 31.65, 47.55, 35.76 and 32.00 higher fruit yield at Anand during the kharif season compared to the controls GAOB 2, GNRB 1, GRB 5, Swarna Mani Black and GOB 1, respectively. Fruits of this variety have Strong Fruit: Glossiness at harvest maturity and shows lower susceptibility to diseases and pests. This variety presents a promising option for middle Gujarat, offering improved yields and market preference.
Proses e-WOM dalam Membangun Brand Awareness Bagi Kuliner Pedagang Kaki Lima di Surabaya
Authors: Budiman Marco Nugroho
Published: August 2024

Aktivitas e-WOM bisa dilakukan oleh siapapun yang menjadi pengguna media sosial. Komunikasi mulut ke mulut adalah salah satu komponen komunikasi pemasaran untuk membangun brand awareness. Di era digital sekarang, bertumbuhnya kecanggihan media sosial maka semakin mudah memunculkan komunikasi mulut ke mulut berbasis internet, yaitu memiliki sebutan e-WOM (Electronic Word of Mouth). Kemudian kemunculan para celebrity endorser, seperti @Njajantok_sby membuat e- WOM menjadi aktivitas komunikasi yang menarik untuk diteliti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah jenis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara langsung pemilik akun  Instagram @Njajantok_sby. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa keunikan @Njajantok_sby adalah salah satu celebrity endorser bidang kuliner yang aktif melakukan e-WOM khususnya mengenai kuliner pedagang kaki lima di Surabaya. Penelitian ini berfokus melihat proses e-WOM dari @Njajantok_sby dalam membangun brand awareness kuliner pedagang kaki lima di Surabaya tanpa ada unsur endorsement. Konsistensi dalam komunikasi e-WOM yang dijalankan oleh @Njajantok_sby mampu menarik perhatian banyak audiens sehingga menumbuhkan rasa trust pada @Njajantok_sby. Dalam proses e-WOM, @Njajantok_sby menggunakan tiga dimensi e-WOM, yaitu content, intensity, dan valence of opinions sebagai penguatan brand awareness kuliner pedagang kaki lima di Kora Surabaya untuk membantu pemasaran bagi pedagang di Surabaya.
Crowdsourcing Digital Maps Using Citizen Geologists
Authors: Whitmeyer Steven J. , De Paor Declan G.
Published: November 2014

Crowdsourcing—“the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent [expert] and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people” [Howe, 2009]—has fundamentally changed and enhanced the collection and dissemination of data. Crowdsourcing has proven effective for rapid data collection, especially where in‐depth knowledge of a topic or discipline is not a necessity.
Americans Unprepared for Natural Disasters
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

Americans are very worried about the threat of natural disasters—but don't seem to be prepared for one. This conclusion comes from Chapman University's recent Survey on American Fears, released on 21 October. The survey asked 1500 Americans to rank how worried they were about several types of natural disasters and then how prepared they were for each.
Experts Examine Role Scientists Play in Oil Transportation Issues
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2014

U.S. hydrocarbon production is on the rise, meaning that transporting hydrocarbons—whether by pipelines, trucks, or trains—is as well. However, increasing environmental concerns, mixed with other issues such as energy independence and landowner rights, is making this transportation a hot‐button issue.
Global trade network affects availability of food
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

Because the Earth's population is slated to hit 9 billion in the next century, food scarcity has become an increasingly important topic of study. Food availability is widely examined, but D'Odorico et al. point out that reliance on trade to distribute food has not been sufficiently quantified.
Glaciers in west Antarctic retreating rapidly
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

As a glacier slides slowly into the sea, buoyancy eventually trumps gravity, and the sheet of ice floats. The place where the ice starts leaving the ground is called the grounding line, and this line can shift as the mass of the glacier shifts with precipitation or climate. Studying the movement of the grounding line through time helps scientists determine the stability of the glacier and its mass budget—the balance of how much mass the glacier is gaining or losing.
Rain projected to dominate western U.S. precipitation
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

Throughout the western United States, scientists have noticed that warming has reduced snow accumulation and led to earlier snowmelt, a change that could have dire consequences for the region's ecology and industries. Specifically, previous research has found that the rain‐snow transition zone—the area where precipitation is dominated by rain versus snow in the winter—has shifted significantly in the past few decades.
An integrated modeling framework for exploring flow regime and water quality changes with increasing biofuel crop production in theU.S.CornBelt
Authors: Yaeger Mary A. , Housh Mashor , Cai Ximing , Sivapalan Murugesu
Published: November 2014

To better address the dynamic interactions between human and hydrologic systems, we develop an integrated modeling framework that employs aSystem of Systemsoptimization model to emulate human development decisions which are then incorporated into a watershed model to estimate the resulting hydrologic impacts. The two models are run interactively to simulate the coevolution of coupled human‐nature systems, such that reciprocal feedbacks between hydrologic processes and human decisions (i.e., human impacts on critical low flows and hydrologic impacts on human decisions on land and water use) can be assessed. The framework is applied to a Midwestern U.S. agricultural watershed, in the context of proposed biofuels development. This operation is illustrated by projecting three possible future coevolution trajectories, two of which use dedicated biofuel crops to reduce annual watershed nitrate export while meeting ethanol production targets. Imposition of a primary external driver (biofuel mandate) combined with different secondary drivers (water quality targets) results in highly nonlinear and multiscale responses of both the human and hydrologic systems, including multiple tradeoffs, impacting the future coevolution of the system in complex, heterogeneous ways. The strength of the hydrologic response is sensitive to the magnitude of the secondary driver; 45% nitrate reduction target leads to noticeable impacts at the outlet, while a 30% reduction leads to noticeable impacts that are mainly local. The local responses are conditioned by previous human‐hydrologic modifications and their spatial relationship to the new biofuel development, highlighting the importance of past coevolutionary history in predicting future trajectories of change.
Public Service and Community Media
Authors: Brevini Benedetta
Published: November 2014

Public service and community media are often mentioned in the same breath. While there is much they share, there are also many ways in which they differ, not the least in the regulatory and political contexts that surround them. This entry provides an overview of theories underlying both kinds of media and a summary of their history, before describing the different national and international regulatory or funding regimes to which they are subject. It ends with an analysis of the challenges faced by these two media sectors from technological change and the campaigns of commercial competitors.
Content Creation and Curation
Authors: Burgess Jean , Woodford Darryl
Published: November 2014

Platforms for content created by web users have been associated with some of the most significant economic paradigm shifts in digital media. At the same time, user created content has often been at the center of heated scholarly debates around the democratization of media production, cultural participation, and public communication. In this entry, we provide an overview of such debates within media and communication research, particularly in relation to the evolution of mainstream platforms for content creation, curation, and sharing.
Electronic Markets and Intermediation
Authors: Wigand Rolf T.
Published: November 2014

Electronic markets are an unique virtual organizational form and evolve through the automated mediation of market transactions. Consequently, we observe that traditional industry chains potentially lose their relative importance since business can be carried out faster and often with more and new opportunities. Electronic markets, then, are abstract places or market spaces where (1) exchanges (trade) occur, (2) complete (
satisficed
) information can be found, and (3) over time transaction costs approach zero. Disintermediation is addressed here in that electronic markets make disintermediation possible; conversely, disintermediation may suggest the deployment of electronic markets as they function as a form of reintermediation in this context.
Endogenous cerebellar neurogenesis in adult mice with progressive ataxia
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Csaba Zsolt , Peineau Stéphane , Srivastava Rupali , Rasika Sowmyalakshmi , Mani Shyamala , Gressens Pierre , El Ghouzzi Vincent
Published: November 2014

Objective

Transplanting exogenous neuronal progenitors to replace damaged neurons in the adult brain following injury or neurodegenerative disorders and achieve functional amelioration is a realistic goal. However, studies so far have rarely taken into consideration the preexisting inflammation triggered by the disease process that could hamper the effectiveness of transplanted cells. Here, we examined the fate and long‐term consequences of human cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNP) transplanted into the cerebellum of Harlequin mice, an adult model of progressive cerebellar degeneration with early‐onset microgliosis.

Methods

Human embryonic stem cell‐derived progenitors expressing Atoh1, a transcription factor key toGNPspecification, were generated in vitro and stereotaxically transplanted into the cerebellum of preataxic Harlequin mice. The histological and functional impact of these transplants was followed using immunolabeling and Rotarod analysis.

Results

Although transplantedGNPs did not survive beyond a few weeks, they triggered the proliferation of endogenous nestin‐positive precursors in the leptomeninges that crossed the molecular layer and differentiated into mature neurons. These phenomena were accompanied by the preservation of the granule and Purkinje cell layers and delayed ataxic changes. In vitro neurosphere generation confirmed the enhanced neurogenic potential of the cerebellar leptomeninges of Harlequin mice transplanted with exogenousGNPs.

Interpretation

The cerebellar leptomeninges of adult mice contain an endogenous neurogenic niche that can be stimulated to yield mature neurons from an as‐yet unidentified population of progenitors. The transplantation of humanGNPs not only stimulates this neurogenesis, but, despite the potentially hostile environment, leads to neuroprotection and functional amelioration.
Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Predominantly White Population in the United States
Authors: Jarukitsopa Sudumpai , Hoganson Deana D. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Davis Mark D. , Michet Clement J. , Matteson Eric L. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Chowdhary Vaidehi R.
Published: November 2014

Objective

Epidemiologic studies comparing the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and isolated cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) are few. Olmsted County, Minnesota provides a unique setting for such a study owing to resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. We sought to describe and compare the incidence and prevalence of SLE and CLE from 1993–2005.

Methods

SLE cases were identified from review of medical records and fulfilled the 1982 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. CLE cases included patients with classic discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute CLE, lupus panniculitis, and bullous lupus erythematosus. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence and prevalence were standardized to the 2000 US white population.

Results

The age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence of SLE (2.9 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.0–3.7) was similar to that of CLE (4.2 per 100,000; 95% CI 3.1–5.2, P = 0.10). However, the incidence of CLE was 3 times higher than SLE in men (2.4 versus 0.8 per 100,000; P = 0.009). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence of CLE on January 1, 2006 was higher than that of SLE (70.4 versus 30.5 per 100,000; P < 0.001). The prevalences of CLE and SLE in women were similar, but the prevalence of CLE was higher in men than in women (56.9 versus 1.6 per 100,000; P < 0.001). The incidence of CLE rose steadily with age and peaked at 60–69 years.

Conclusion

The incidences of CLE and SLE are similar, but CLE is more common than SLE in men and in older adults. These findings may reflect differences in genetic or environmental etiology of CLE.