bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of diabetes and other health related problems across India and worldwide: An overview
Authors: Singh U.
Published: January 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a major source of mortality and morbidity along with an economic menace all over the world. In 2000, prevalence of diabetes worldwide was 171,000,000 and in 2030, it will be 366,000,000, nearly one in ten people globally will have some form of diabetes by 2035. There are some 382 million people living with the disease, but that could jump 55% by 2035. The total number of people in India with diabetes to be around 50.8 million in 2010, rising to 87.0 million by 2030 and it is estimated that by 2040 the numbers will increase upto 123.5 million. It has estimated that the prevalence of diabetes in rural populations is one-quarter that of urban population for India and other Indian sub-continent countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) revealed that a lower proportion of the population is affected in states of Northern India (Chandigarh 0.12 million, Jharkhand 0.96 million) as compared to Maharashtra (9.2 million) and Tamil Nadu (4.8 million). The National Urban Survey conducted across the metropolitan cities of India reported similar trend: 11.7 per cent in Kolkata (Eastern India), 6.1 per cent in Kashmir Valley (Northern India), 11.6 per cent in New Delhi (Northern India), and 9.3 per cent in West India (Mumbai) compared with (13.5 per cent in Chennai (South India), 16.6 per cent in Hyderabad (south India), and 12.4 per cent Bangalore (South India). Strengthening of health promotion activitiesin different settings, preventive health screening package, better treatment facilities and effective implementation can cure these problems worldwide.
Evaluation and identification of resistance to powdery mildew in Indian wheat varieties under artificially created epiphytotic
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Selvakumar R. , Kumar Satish , Mishra C. N. , Tiwari V. , Sharma Indu
Published: January 2019

Wheat production is globally weighed down by several biotic factors of which rusts and powdery mildew are the most important. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is becoming a disease of major importance in the North Western Plains Zone and Northern Hills Zone of the country. In the present context ofclimate variability, diseases like powdery mildew can assume greater importance in wheat breeding programs. Importance of basic studies on powdery mildew is the need of hour. A set of 370 Indian bread wheat, durum, dicoccum and triticale varieties were screened using mixture of natural occurring pathotypes from four locations(viz., Karnal, Ludhiana, Dhaulakuan and Yamunanagar) under polyhouse conditions. Data were recorded on the severity of infection based on 0-9 scale. Out of 370, only 23 varieties (Amrut, DDK 1025, DWR 1006, DWR 195, GW 1139, HD 4672, HD 4530, HD 2278, HD 1981, DDK 1001, HI 8627, Jay, TL 2942, DT 46, K 8020, DDK 1029, K 9107, K 816, Lok 1, MACS 6145, DDK 1009, NP 111 and NP 200) had shown immune reaction (0) whereas 150, 83 and 114 varieties have shown resistance (1-3), moderately susceptible (4-6) and highly susceptible (>6) response respectively against powdery mildew. Data indicated that there is an urgent need to broaden the genetic base of wheat by identifying and introgressing new sources of powdery mildew resistance. With limited sources of PM resistance available, above identified genotypes can be further used and characterized for resistance breeding programs in India.
Spatial and temporal analysis of drought in Manjalar sub-basin of Vaigai in Tamil Nadu using standardized precipitation index
Authors: Janapriya S. , Bosu S. Santhana , Kannan Balaji , Kokilavani S.
Published: January 2019

Drought is universally acknowledged as a phenomenon associated with scarcity of water. Drought characterization is essential for drought management operations. Using drought indices is a pragmatic way to assimilate large amounts of data into quantitative information that can be used in applications such as drought forecasting, declaring drought levels, contingency planning and impact assessment. Using monthly mean precipitation data for a period of 1982-2012 from 12 raingauge stations in the Manjalar sub-basin of Vaigai using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is produced for the drought analysis with the time scale of 3 months (SPI-3), 6 months (SPI-6) and 12 months (SPI-12) as they are applicable for agriculture and hydrological aspects, respectively. It was observed that the basin experienced frequent droughts for all months of the year. The highest percentage of occurrence of drought was observed in the month of July (15.3), May (15.4) and August (15.6) at SPI-3, SPI-6 and SPI-12 respectively. On an average we observed 32.6, 8.6, 5.6 and 2.3 percentages of drought occurred by mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought respectively with respect to SPI-12. The results showed that mild droughts occur most frequently and extreme droughts occur least frequently and the basin suffered severe drought during the year of 1985, 2004 and 2006. The central and south eastern parts of the basin had more potential sensitivity to the droughts in comparison with the other areas of the basin.
Understory vegetation in natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja (C.G.), India
Authors: Jhariya M. K. , Yadav D. K.
Published: January 2019

Understory vegetation serves a special role in maintaining the structure and function of forest ecosystem as they strongly influence regeneration, seedling establishment, growth, nutrient cycling and thus the dynamics of the whole forest ecosystem. The present investigation is aimed to study the composition, structure and diversity of understory vegetation in natural forests and teak plantation of Sarguja forest division of Chhattisgarh. A total of 23 species comprising 5 shrubs and 18 herbs were recorded in natural forest while in teak plantation 3 shrub and 20 herb species were found. In natural forest a total of 4500 shrubs/ha and 8,32,000 herbs/ha were recorded while in plantation site it was 5500 shrubs/ha and 6,96,000 herbs/ha, respectively. In shrub layer the value of species diversity was 1.10 for teak plantation and 2.20 for natural forest. Simpson index was 0.23 for natural forest and 0.57 for teak plantation. The Margalef’s index of richness varied from 0.23-0.48, least in plantation site and peak in natural forest, Equitability index varied from 1.00 to 1.37, lowest in plantation site and higher in plantation site and ? diversity was 1.20 in natural forest and 2.00 in plantation site. In case of herb layer the value of Shannon index, species richness and equitability values were higher in teak plantation while the Simpsons index and beta diversity were found more in natural forest.
Combining ability and heterosis analysis for drought tolerant traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Karpagam V. , Jebaraj S. , Rajeswari S.
Published: January 2019

Rice is the most important staple food for more than half of the world’s population and also for most of the countries. A Line x Tester analysis was undertaken to study the nature of gene action for yield and drought tolerant traits. The ratio of SCA and GCA was less than unity for all the characters which revealed that the preponderance of non- additive gene action governing the traits concerned. The lines viz., ADT 43, ADT (R) 49, CO (R) 50 and the testers viz., PMK (R) 3, Chandikar and Anna (R) 4 were adjudged as the best general combiners for drought tolerant traits. The cross combinations viz., ADT 39 x Vellaichitraikar had exhibited significant values for dry root weight (9.66), root/shoot ratio (0.31), root length (3.82), number of roots per plant (37.08), root thickness (0.11), root volume (4.27) and root length density (0.03) ADT (R) 49 x Chandikar for 70 percent relative water content (8.85), dry root weight (18.03), dry shoot weight (40.55), root length (3.10), number of roots per plant (140.16) root thickness (0.38) and root volume (23.14) were found to be specific combiners for most of the drought tolerant traits. The cross combinations, viz., ADT 43 x Anna (R) 4, ADT (R) 49 x Chandikar and ADT 43 x PMK (R) 3 had highly significant standard heterosis. Breeding for drought tolerance in rice would be of immense value to the farmers economic health, family well-being and harmony in the society.
Effect of different potato varieties and tuber sizes on physiological changes under ambient storage performance
Authors: Brar Archana , Rana M. K.
Published: January 2019

The storability and sprouting behavior of three grades (small, medium and large tubers) from four Indian potato cultivars was studied under ambient conditions to assess the quality changes due to physiological losses and sprouting bhaviour of potato tubers. It was found that physiological loss in weight (%), decay loss on number and weight basis (%), sprout loss on number and weight basis (%), total loss (%), general appearance, presence of black or hollow heart were affected significantly by the different varieties as well as by the size. The loss in weight of tubers due to physiological activities, decaying and sprouting increased with the increased in storage period and the loss was more in larger than smaller and medium tubers. Kufri Badshah showed the best control over sprouting, whereas, 100% sprouting was observed in Kufri Bahar with all possible combinations during storage. The maximum value for cumulative physiological loss in weight was observed in variety Kufri Bahar (12.07%), whereas, minimum was in Kufri Pushkar (7.44%). The maximum decay loss was observed in variety Kufri Pushkar (7.89 and 8.72%) and minimum in Kufri Bahar (0.00 and 4.58%) on 80th and 90th day of storage period. Black or hollow heart was absent completely in all the possible treatments. So far general appearance of the tubers was concerned, the larger tubers shrivelled more and earlier than the medium and small sized tubers. Different varieties behaved differently during the entire storage period.
Impact of overgrazing and documentation of wild fodder plants used by Gujjar and Bakerwal Tribes of district Rajouri (J&K), India
Authors: Singh Tajinder , Singh Amandeep , Dangwal L.R.
Published: January 2019

The present study aims to documents the wild plants used as fodder by Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes and their impact of utilization and overgrazing in the forests of district Rajouri (J&K), India. During the study period two blocks which were densely inhabited by Gujjar and Bakkerwal tribes were selected (Nowshera and Budhal) and frequent field trips were also made on other blocks of the district where the tribal people may reached. A total of 63 plants species were reported from the study area belong to 33 families and 51 genera, of all these 63 species, 22 were trees, 11 were shrubs and 30 were herbs. During the study it was observed that, due overgrazing, lopping, and cutting of forest plants in large scale by the tribes and local inhabitants for the expansion of agricultural lands and local settlements outside and inside of the forests and the number of livestock reported much more than the carrying capacity of forest, which resulted into the threatening of some plant species. It is also observed that some species like Pinus wallichiana and Cedrus deodara were not be reported in the area due to their commercial utilization and overgrazing purposes, and also due to their more litter fall which is not good for the growth of ground flora. The tribes sometimes also employ forest fire for better fodder, which leads to great loss to the regeneration of forest plants.
Economic feasibility of summer squash cultivation using low tunnel and black plastic mulch under tarai condition of Uttarakhand
Authors: Bhatt Lalit , Maurya S.K. , Singh Dhirendra
Published: January 2019

A study was undertaken to investigate the economic feasibility of summer squash cultivation in tarai region of Uttarakhand during winter - spring season of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Among three transplanting dates, summer squash transplanted on 15th January was found to be best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (373.50 q ha-1), net return (`2,46,542 ha-1) and benefit – cost ratio (2.72). Similarly, out of three low cost protected techniques evaluated along with control, low tunnel with black plastic mulch was observed as best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (451.67 q ha-1). Whereas, the maximum net return (`2,87,628 ha-1) and benefit - cost ratio (3.58) was obtained in black plastic mulched plots. Out of 12 treatment combinations, summer squash planted on 15th January under black polyethylene mulch is most profitable in terms of getting maximum benefit - cost ratio of 4.41. Hence, the same is recommended for commercial cultivation of summer squash at farmer’s field under tarai condition of Uttarakhand.
Correlation and path analysis in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of wheat (Trticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ramesh Ramesh , Marker Shailesh , Muniswamy S. , Yamanura Yamanura
Published: January 2019

Correlation and path coefficient analysis were studied in 22 heat tolerant Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of wheat. Analysis of variance revealed the significant difference among genotypes for all the characters. Suggested that there was ample scope for selection of promising RILs for yield improvement. A wide range of variability was exhibited by most of the traits. The results of correlation studies indicated that genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients for all the traits which indicated that association among these characters was under genetic control and indicating the preponderance of genetic variance in expression of characters. Grain yield per plant had high, significant and positive association with number of grains per spike, spike weight, spike length, canopy temperature depression, tillers per plant, grain filling period and chlorophyll content both at genotypic and phenotypic levels indicating that these traits were main yield attributing traits. Path analysis revealed that grains per spike, tillers per plant, spike length, had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by flag leaf length, flag leaf width, days 50% heading, plant height, grain filling period, membrane stability and days to maturity at genotypic level. The selection of characters such as grains per spike, tillers per plant, spike length and spike weight would be helpful for further improvement in RILs of wheat.
Biochemical investigations on vigour enhancement in aged seeds upon seed priming in onion
Authors: Umesha Umesha , Vasudevan S.N. , Bhanuprakash K. , Manjunatha B. , Sarika G. , Amruta N.
Published: January 2019

Loss in seed quality that occurs during all process, from maturation in the field to storage, leads to seed deterioration. Storage of onion seeds under ambient, hot and humid conditions is very problematic since these conditions deteriorate seed quality faster. Seed deterioration is associated with many metabolic defects that occur due to changes in enzymes and protein levels. This deterioration can be rectified to the extent possible by the technique of seed priming. The results clearly indicated that priming will restore the lost seed vigour in aged seeds due to reactivation of enzyme activity in old seeds. The germination percentage improved from 60% to 79.5% and 72.5% in GA3 and hydroprimed, respectively. Priming will also restore the lost seed vigour in aged seeds due to reactivation of proteins in old seeds and expression of these proteins in priming treatments are related to priming induced proteins in contrast to their absence in the aged seeds which are necessary for germination and longevity of seeds.
Seed anatomical studies on dormancy and germination in Chamaecrista absus
Authors: Pallavi H. M. , Vishwanath K. , Patil Bapurayagouda , Naveen N. , Thattimani Manjunath
Published: January 2019

Present study was conducted to analyze the anatomical structure of seed to study the dormancy behaviour in Chamaecrista absus. Seed germination behaviour was also studied after breaking the seed dormancy by artificial seed treatments. The anotamical studies revealed that seed has apical hilar region and seed coat has four layers consisting of outer cuticle, sub cuticle, palisade layer and inner tegma leading to physical dormancy. Outer cuticle and sub cuticle layers are very hard to break naturally and hence seeds possess hard seed coat dormancy. This physically hard seed coat should be made soft to enhance germination. Studies to break dormancy were conducted involving treatments like hot water, hormones and in combinations of both. The results revealed that seeds dipped in boiling water made inner layers permeable for water absorption in hilar region and thus germination enhanced. In specific seeds treated with boiling water for 5 minutes recorded higher germination (82 %) over untreated control (26 %). . Other artificial treatments with hormones gibberellic acid (33 % ) and ethrel (34 % ) did not enhanced the germination significantly over control. C. absus has hard coat dormancy and can be overcame by treating seeds with boiling water treatment.
Evaluation of different plant powders as seed protectants against rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton
Authors: Meena B. L. , Jeengar K. L. , Singh Bhim , Meena N. L.
Published: January 2019

The present study was aimed to develop the eco-friendly and economic approaches to keep the stored food grains free from insect attack would be using the plant products as grain protectants. In the context of biological control as an alternative to chemical control, under laboratory conditions, different plant powders viz., dharakkernel and leaf (Melia azadirach L.), neem kernel and leaf (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss), karanj kernel (Pongamia glabra), aak leaf (Calotropis procera Br.), datura leaf (Datura alba Nees.), citrus leaf (Citrus lemon L.), podina leaf (Mentha arvensis) and tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum L.) were compared, at three rate of application (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g per 100 g seeds), as protectants against infestation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seeds by the storage pest Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. The larval period of test insect got progressively increased with the increase in dose level of different plant powders. The maximum (77.83%) and minimum (37.83%) reduction in adult emergence was observed in dharak kernel powder and tulsi leaf powder, respectively. The test insect developed on seeds treated with dharak kernel powder laid significantly (P? 0.5) minimum number of eggs (80.33 eggs/ female) followed by neem kernel powder (85.66 eggs/female). The dharak and neem kernel powders were found most effective in reducing the longevity of male (3.96 and 5.13 days) and female adults (4.63 and 4.97 days), respectively. The results suggest that these materials tested have the potential in the development of post-harvest protection technology against, C. cephalonica, the major pest of stored grains.
Allelopathic effect of Leucaena leucocephala on Pansy (Viola tricolor L.)
Authors: Khare N. , Marak A. D. , Rout S.
Published: January 2019

The present study on allelopahtic effect of L. leucocephala on pansy (V. tricolor L.) both laboratory and nursery conditions were undertaken. Leucaena which significantly reduced the seed germination in all treatments at 2% (43%), 3% (42%) and 4% (40%) over Control (Distilled water), except in treatment at 1% (55%) wheregermination was found to be maximum over Control (Distilled water), this result shows the stimulatory effect on germination at 1% concentration of leaf leachate under laboratory condition. Leucaena soil in combination with Field soil showed stimulatory effect on the growth parameters in Pansy. Highest germination percentage (82%), fresh shoot weight (2.82g), fresh root weight (0.22g), dry shoot weight (0.50g), dry root weight (0.05g), vigor index (99.36) were recorded in treatment amended with soil 50% Leucaena soil and 50% Field soil and inhibitory effect was seen in pansy when amended into with 100% Leucaena soil under nursery condition. From this study it appears that Leucaena produces allelopahtic substrates, increase in concentration exhibit adverse effect on germination and growth parameters. Hence it is suggested that pansy could be affected economically but this tree can very well adapt to diversified soil condition.
An exploratory study on cultural and health significance of traditional tattooing practices among tribal community in Chhattisgarh state, India
Authors: Mooventhan P. , Kadian K. S. , Kumar R. Senthil , Karpagam C. , Choudhary B. K.
Published: January 2019

This explorative study carried out from four districts of Chhattisgarh state namely Surajpur, Surguja, Balrampur and Jashpur. From each district, four villages were selected and from each village 25 tribal respondents were selected thus 300 respondents were selected for this study. About 65.33 percent of the tribal were between 36and 50 years of age group, more than one fourth (34.67%) of the farmers were educated up to primary school level, about half (49.00 %) of the respondents were at the income range of Rs. 25,001 to Rs. 75,000 and about 80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture-based small industry. Tattooing is one of the livelihood option for the tribal community in the study area. Tattooing has been practiced across the world since at least Neolithic times (7000 BCE), as confirmed by mummified preserved skin, prehistoric art, literatures, poetry, proverbs and the archaeological records. In Southern India, permanent tattoos are called pachakutharathu. In northern India, permanent tattoos are called Godna. Tattoos have been used as cultural symbols among many tribal populations, as well as the caste-based Hindu population of India. These tattoos have also been used as integral part of the tribal’s lifestyle Chhattisgarh state of India.
Effect of climatic factors on the growth and leaf yield of betelvine (Piper betle L.)
Authors: Mohanta Hrisita , Pariari Anupam
Published: January 2019

An experiment was conducted on eight cultivars of betelvine (Piper betle L.) with an objective to study the effect of various climatic factors on growth and leaf yield of the crop for consequtive two growing seasons. The experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design with eight treatments (cultivars) and five replications. The data on growth and yield parameters were recorded in four different seasons of the year i.e., winter, summer, rainy and autumn season. Results showed that growth and leaf yield of betelvine was more in rainy season and less in winter season. Among the cultivars, vine length increment of cv. SimuraliSanchi was highest in rainy season (144.70 cm) followed by autumn season (104.52 cm), summer season (98.40 cm) and winter season (48.56 cm). Irrespective of all the seasons, cv. CARI-6 showed the maximum and Jabalpur showed the minimum internodal length. Among the cultivars SimuraliSanchi produced the maximum marketable leaves (23) per vine in rainy season. Temperature and relative humidity were positively correlated with variation in growth and yield parameters.
Quantification of the abundance and diversity of predatory spiders in rice ecosystem of Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
Authors: Anitha G. , Vijay J.
Published: January 2019

The effective prey searching ability and polyphagy of spiders makes them important predators of crop pests. 19 species of spiders have been recorded in rice ecosystem (Rajeswaran et al., 2005). There is now a growing need to conserve all species and not only the large vertebrates (Samways, 1990) and contribute to the natural biological process. However, literature pertaining to their abundance and diversity in rice crop in Rajendranagar area is scant. Hence, the p resent study was conducted to understand their abundance and diversity. Spider samples were collected from rice fields of Rajendranagar in kharif and rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. A total of 2,094 individuals collected in kharif represented eight families with a density of 12.48/sq.m. Members of Tetragnathidae were recorded most abundantly in kharif (46.32% of the Arachnid population) followed by Lycosids (26.22%). In rabi 1,095 spiders of seven families were collected with a density of 6.38/sq.m. Tetragnathidae andLycosidae were the most abundantly found species in rabi also comprising 27.85% and 26.12% of Arachnid population respectively. Study of guild composition was also carried out. A t-test between indices of richness, diversity, effective no.of species and species evenness of kharif and rabi seasons revealed that there were no significant differences with respect to these parameters (p>0.05) indicating that spider diversity of rice in Rajendranagar was more or less same between kharif and rabi seasons. This is the first study on the spider diversity of rice ecosystem of Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
Effect of milling speed on the quality and storage stability of maize flour
Authors: Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Singh A.K. , Singh Manpreet
Published: January 2019

This work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of milling speed on the quality and shelf life of maize flour. Maize flour was prepared using low speed mini flour mill at 75 and 115 rpm and the results were compared with the flour prepared by commercial flour mill on the basis of recovery of flour, rise in temperature of flour, time taken, particle size distribution and changes in different quality parameters during storage. It was observed from the analysis that the recovery of flour was highest (95.26%) at 75 rpm speed although the time taken was more i.e. 27.27 minutes, but the rise in temperature during milling was very less (12.240C) as compared to commercial mill the temperature rose up to 31.120C. It was noted that the maize flour prepared at low speed was light yellow in color as compared to higher rpm which was dark yellow. The maize flour prepared at 75 rpm can be stored in low density polyethylene LDPE packaging material of (200 gauge) for two months without change in quality parameters. It was observed that the moisture content, protein content, fat content, alcoholic acidity and carbohydrates was significantly affected by storage time, packaging material and milling speed at P<0.05. Therefore, at low speed the storage stability as well as nutritional properties of the flour can be enhanced. The improved shelf life of flour can result in better marketability.
Effect of predrying treatments on the retention of quality characteristics of green peas (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Lincoln during mechanical drying
Authors: Attri Surekha , Dhiman Anju K , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Rakesh
Published: January 2019

An experiment was conducted to standardize the predrying treatments with minimum loss to physicochemical characteristics of green peas (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Lincoln during drying process. In this study, moisture content (73%), TSS (15oB), chlorophyll content (28mg/100g) and ascorbic acid (54mg/100g) were recorded in green peas. Different predrying treatments used in this study for quality preservation of peas were T0, T1 and T2. From this study, it was concluded that Na2CO3, NaCl and sugars were responsible for the preservation of green color/ chlorophyll in peas during drying. On the basis of sensory evaluation T2 was found best among all because maximum green color was retained in this treatment. Therefore, it was further selected for physico-chemical analysis After drying there was decrease in moisture content (4%), chlorophyll content (17mg/100g) and ascorbic acid content (37.6mg /100g) while increase in TSS (22oB), reducing sugars (8.3%) and total sugars (20%) of peas. A rehydration ratio of 3:1 was observed for this treatment. This is a low cost technology for preservation of quality of peas. Dried peas can further be utilized for the preparation of various value added instant products round the year.
Sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader-A viable machine to avoid trash burning
Authors: Kumar Anil , Malik Nadeem Ahmed , Mukesh S. , Rani Vijaya , Kadwasra Nitin
Published: January 2019

Trash burning is a major problem in sugarcane to overcome this, a sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader was tested at farmer’s field for its performance and economic feasibility. The chopper cum spreader was tested at five levels of moisture content of trash (13.2, 14, 15.15, 16.6, and 18.8% db) and five levels of operationalspeed (2.6, 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, and 3.4 km/h). The performance of the sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader heavily depends on moisture content and speed of operation. The maximum field capacity (0.43ha/h) was obtained at a speed of 3.2 km/h, but maximum shredding efficiency (90.40%) was found at a speed of 2.9 km/h. Maximumuniformity coefficient (0.95) and shredding capacity (4.31 t/h) was obtained at a speed of 2.9 km/h and at a moisture content of 13.13%. Maximum trash lifting efficiency (93.95%) was observed at a speed of 2.76 km/h and at a moisture content of 13.13%. The cost of operation was Rs. 2015/ha with B: C ratio of 1.5. The break-even point ofthe chopper cum spreader was 17.7 ha and payback of the machine was 1.3 years if operated for 250 h/year. The energy consumption of machine was calculated to be 1327.7 MJ ha-1. The optimum performance of sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader was obtained at a moisture content of 13.13% (M5) and forward speed of 2.9 km h-1 (V3). The sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader may be recommended for chopping of sugarcane trash for mulching to avoid burning of trash and conserving natural resources.
Fish fauna of Wajoo nullah, an important tributary of the river Ravi in Kathua District, Jammu Region, Jammu and Kashmir State, India
Authors: Dutta S.P.S.
Published: January 2019

Ichthtyofaunistic survey in perennial Wajoo nullah,an important tribitry of river Ravi in Kathua District, has shown the existence of 64 fish species belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 42genera. Gudusia chapra and Parambassis bacails are the new records for Jammu and Kashmir State. Fish fauna is dominated by Cyprinifonnes (37 species), followed by Siluriformes (12 species), Perciformes (9 species), Synbranchiformes and Osteoglossiformes (2 species each) and Clupeiformes and Beloniformes (1 species each). Overexploitation, illegal fishing and fishing during breeding season are serious threats to fish resources in Wajoo nullah.
Sundarbans mangrove deltaic system – An overview of its biodiversity with special reference to fish diversity
Authors: Roy Suvra , Kumar Vikash , Manna R.K. , Suresh V.R.
Published: January 2019

World heritage site-Sundarbans were declared as the world’s 560th Ramsar Wetlands site in 1992. Sundarbans ecosystem supports rich fisheries diversity and also natural biodiversity hot spot, because it is natural habitat of many endangered species. The Sundarbans is a home to a variety of faunal species, the total of 1586 species has been recorded which includes 481 Vertebrate species (30%), 1104 Invertebrate species (70%). Mangroves are the nursery and breeding grounds for several commercially important species of aquatic fauna like fish, shrimps and prawns etc. Mangrove ecosystems are of great ecological significance in the tropical and sub-tropical coast. Sundarbans mangrove provides a variety of ecosystem services. However, the Sundarban mangrove forest is the most threatened habitats in the world, increased population with few alternative livelihood opportunities poses a serious threat as it is the main cause of mangrove destruction. The total value of Sundarbans is not recognized and therefore often neglected in development planning. As a result Sundarbans conservation issue is getting less importance at the national level. The study reveals that major ecosystem services of Sundarbans are timber, fuel wood, fish, ecotourism, cyclone and storm protection, biodiversity, and habitat for flora and fauna. Timber, fuel wood and fish are more economical provisioning services in Sundarbans. It is noticed that there is decreasing tendency of overall revenue collection from the mangrove over the period of 2001-02 to 2009-10. The attention from national and international communities is needed for sustainable management and conservation of the Sundarbans. The study suggests that further research on total economic value of Sundarbans is needed for providing comprehensive scientific information for policy as well as for decision makers.
Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview
Authors: Arora Sanjay , Sahni Divya
Published: January 2019

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.
Indonesia’s Judicial Review Regime in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Roux Theunis
Published: January 2019

This paper provides a comparative perspective on judicial review in Indonesia after the establishment of the Constitutional Court in 2003. It starts by retelling the well-known story of the "transformation of American law" over the first half of the last century. As narrated by Morton Horwitz, that story is about how nineteenth-century industrialisation processes destabilised the premises of "Classical Legal Thought", and then about how the legal realist movement exploited the ensuing crisis to transform the way Americans think about law and its relationship to other social systems. Mining this story for generalisable concepts, the paper argues that the establishment of strong-form judicial review necessarily draws on and, in turn, influences prevailing conceptions of legal and political authority. These conceptions vary along a continuum, in the first case, from public confidence in law's autonomy to a conception of law as deeply immersed in politics, and, in the second case, from a conception of legitimate political authority as contingent on a fairly won democratic mandate to a conception of political authority as residing in the power holder's capacity to promote important social goals, such as national security or economic prosperity. Each of these variables may change independently of the other. In certain situations, however, they may also combine to form a relatively stable judicial review regime – a hegemonic legitimating ideology in which conceptions of legal and political authority lock into and mutually support each other. The fourth section uses this conceptual framework to assess the Indonesian Constitutional Court's approach to its mandate after 2003. Under its first two chief justices, the paper notes, the Court engaged in a concerted effort to build public understanding of its legitimate role in national politics. The Court's abrupt switch between its first Chief Justice, Jimly Asshiddiqie's legalist conception of law's authority and his successor, Mohammad Mahfud's more instrumentalist conception, however, has impeded the consolidation of a determinate judicial review regime. Given the considerable threats still confronting Indonesia's democracy, this situation is worrisome. The Court urgently needs to present a coherent account of its legitimate claim to authority if it is to continue playing an effective role.
Constitutional Retrogression in Indonesia Under President Joko Widodo's Government: What Can the Constitutional Court Do?
Authors: Satrio Abdurrachman
Published: January 2019

This paper examines whether constitutional retrogression, the process through which democratically elected rulers use formal legal measures gradually to undermine democracy, has occurred in Indonesia, especially during the reign of President Joko Widodo. To this end, the paper analyzes the impact of the Widodo government's policies on three fundamental requirements of a democratic state: a democratic electoral system, rights to speech and association, and the rule of law. The paper finds that Widodo's government, in its efforts to contain the threat of Islamist populism, has indeed undermined all three of these elements to varying degrees. While Indonesia's democracy may yet be saved by the Constitutional Court, an institution that Widodo's government has until now failed to control, the Court cannot save democracy by itself. Its chances of doing so will depend on public support.
Tarkovsky’nin “Ayna”sına Yansıyan Bellek: Bellek Türleri, Özellikleri ve Süreçleri Açısından “Ayna” Filminin Analizi
Authors: ASLAN Mustafa , AKICI TAYANÇ Dilek
Published: January 2019

Sinema ve psikoloji; insana
özgü olanı anlama ve anlamlandırmaya çalışan iki ayrı disiplindir. İnsana dair
olanı anlamlandırma süreci sinemada, film ve belgesel olarak çıktıya
dönüşürken; psikolojide kuramlar ve teoriler olarak kendisini göstermektedir. Diğer
sanat alanları da aynı motivasyonla eserler ortaya koyarken sinemasal eserlerin
kapsayıcılığı ve gücü her zaman daha fazla olmuştur. Çünkü sinema; ele aldığı
bir konuyu bütünlüklü bir şekilde anlatıma dönüştürmekte ve kitlesine mesajı
etkili bir şekilde iletmektedir. Sinema tarihi, psikoloji biliminin ortaya
koyduğu pek çok olguyu, kavramı, durumu veya teoriyi etkileyici biçimde işleyen
eserlerle doludur. Sinema-psikoloji ilişkisi çift yönlüdür; psikoloji de
sinemayı; gerek bir kavramı veya olguyu ilgili bireylere örneklendirerek
anlatabilmek için didaktik amaçla, gerek psikolojik bir takım problemlerin
sağaltımı amacıyla psikoterapötik öğe olarak, gerekse de belirli teorileri test
etmek amacıyla düzenlenmiş deneysel çalışmalarda kendisi için bir araç olarak
kullanmaktadır. İçerisinde sembolik anlatımın aksiyon anlatımdan daha fazla
olduğu filmlerde söz konusu çift taraflı ilişki net bir şekilde görülmektedir.
Sinema tarihinde sembolik anlatımı en iyi kullanan yönetmenlerin başında
Tarkovsky gelmektedir. Tarkovsky’nin özellikle erken dönem yapıtlarından olan
“Ayna” filmi, yönetmenin diğer filmlerine göre çok daha fazla sembolik anlatım
içermektedir. Çeşitli psikolojik ekoller ve kavramlar açısından ele alındığında
“Ayna” zengin bir içerik sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise Tarkovsky’nin “Ayna”sı
psikolojideki bellek türleri, özellikleri ve süreçleri açısından doküman analizi
yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve sekanslardaki ilgili örnekler ortaya konulmuştur.
Profesyonel Gazetecilerin Gözünden Sosyal Medya ve Habercilik İlişkisi
Authors: SİNE Rengim , SARI Gülşah
Published: January 2019

Yeni medya teknolojilerinin
hayatımıza girmesiyle pek çok alanda dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. Dönüşüm yaşanan
başlıca alanlardan biri de gazetecilik mesleğidir. Değişen teknolojilerle
birlikte gazetecilerin haber kaynaklarına erişimi de kolaylaşmıştır. Özellikle
internet sayesinde habere anında ulaşma imkânına sahip olan gazeteciler haber
kaynaklarında da bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır. Günümüzde sosyal medya denilen
platformların gazetecilerin haber kaynaklarına dahil edildiği gözlenmektedir.
Bu çalışmada bir haber kaynağı olarak sosyal medyanın gazeteciler için önemi
tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Çalışma yöntemi olarak web tabanlı derinlemesine
görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Sekiz medya profesyoneline sosyal medya
hesaplarından canlı olarak sorular sorularak sosyal medyanın gazetecilik
mesleğiyle ilişkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda görüşülen
gazetecilerin tümünün sosyal medyayı haber kaynağı olarak kullandığı sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Akademik Örgütlerde İtibar Algısı: Akdeniz Üniversitesi’nin İç ve Dış Paydaşları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: YİĞİT AÇIKGÖZ Fatma , KARAKAYA Çiğdem
Published: January 2019

Öz

Kullanılan
teknolojinin, sunulan ürün ve hizmetlerin benzerlik gösterdiği günümüz
ortamında örgütler, rekabet avantajı
sağlamak
adına taklit edilmesi zor soyut varlıklarını arttırmaya yönelirken; bu
noktada örgütler için kurumsal itibar taklit edilemez bir unsur olarak ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Nitekim kurumsal itibar bir örgütün sahip olduğu en değerli tekil varlık
olarak paylaşılan tüm bireysel paydaş izlenimlerinin kolektif sonucudur (Highhouse
vd., 2009). Bu kolektif
algıyı yaratan paydaş gruplarının kimler olduğu ve örgüt ile kurdukları
ilişkiden beklentilerinin ne olduğunu bilmek önem taşımaktadır. Bu
araştırmada da akademik
bir örgütün iç ve dış paydaşlarının eş zamanlı algılarına bağlı olarak kurumsal
itibarını analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Kurum itibarı analizi bir alan
araştırması olup betimsel türde bir çalışmadır. Uygunluk örneklemi ile 152
idari personel, 114 akademik personel, 400 öğrenci ve 368 dış paydaş
araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Ingenhoff ve Sommer’ın (2008) kurumsal itibar ölçeği
kullanılmış, verilerin analizi SPSS17.0 programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, tüm paydaşların
akademik örgüte ilişkin olumlu bir algıya sahip olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Dijital Yerli Gazetelerin Sosyal Medya Stratejileri ve Sosyal Medyanın Haber Okunurluğuna Etkisi
Authors: Atik Taşkıran İlke
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada sosyal medyanın
dijital gazeteler açısından önemi ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla, dijital yerli
gazetelerin sosyal medya stratejilerinin neler olduğu ve sosyal medyanın haber
okunurluğuna etkisinin ne olduğu sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Bu amaçla, araştırma
Google Analytics raporlarına erişime olanak veren T24, Korhaber ve Rotahaber
adlı üç dijital gazete ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonucunda, gazetelerin
sosyal ağlardaki kullanıcıyı çekmek için sitelerinde özel paylaşım formatlarına
yer verdikleri, paylaşımlarında asıl amacın sitenin trafiğini arttırmak ve
oluşturulan gündem haberlerini güçlendirmek yönünde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Paylaşımlarında saat dilimleri değişikliğinin, okunan haber türüne bir etkisi
olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Facebook ve Twitter olarak incelenen iki ağda,
gazetelerin farklı haberleri ön plana çıkarttığı görülmüştür. Sosyal medyanın
dijital yerli gazetelerdeki haber okunurluğuna etkisine bakıldığında ise; her
gazeteye ait farklı yüzdeler elde edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda her gazete için
belli bir oranda etkisi olduğu ancak bu etkinin beklenenden az olduğu
görülmüştür. Türkiye’deki dijital yerli gazeteler için Twitter’ın okunmaya
etkisinin daha yoğun olduğu görülmüştür.
Sosyal Medya Üzerinden Kriz Yönetimi: Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÖK DEMİR Zuhal , KARAKAYA Çiğdem , ERENDAĞ SÜMER Fulya
Published: January 2019

Örgütlerin içinde bulundukları kriz sürecinde
sosyal medya üzerinden paydaşları ile ilişkilerini çok hızlı ve aynı
zamanda örgütün meşruluğunu destekleyen güvenilir mesajlar ile sürdürmeleri örgütün kurumsal itibarını
zedeleyebilecek hasarlardan kaçınmak, paydaşların güvenini korumak ve örgüte
ilişkin olumlu davranışsal niyetlerini devam ettirmeleri adına önemlidir. Bu
doğrultuda bu mesajların yaratılması için kriz döneminde örgütün söylediği ve
yaptığı olarak tanımlanan krize yanıt stratejilerinin içeriği ve etkisinin
araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma
krize yanıt stratejilerinden özür, acıyı paylaşma/anlayış ve bilgilendirici
stratejiler arasında algılanan kurumsal itibar, güven ve davranışsal
niyet açısından bir farklılık yaratıp yaratmadığını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Alan araştırması ile 2016 yılı Ekim ayında uygunluk
örneklemi ile Antalya’daki 1080 Facebook kullanıcısı öğrenci araştırmaya dahil
edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, krize yanıt stratejilerinin kurumsal
itibar, güven ve davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi incelendiğinde fark
yaratan stratejinin acıyı paylaşma /anlayış stratejisi olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
ДЕФОРМАЦИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СССР ПОСЛЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ГКЧП ОСЕНЬЮ 1991 ГОДА// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal 1(12), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Flora Bertrand - Berlin, Germany. 14.01.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 33-35.
Authors: Ильин Максим Сергеевич
Published: January 2019

Реформы политической системы в федеративном и многонациональном государстве - процесс сложный и многогранный. В СССР на рубеже 80-90 - х политические реформы совпали по времени с реформами экономическими и социальными, возрождением национального самосознания и религиозной жизни, гласностью и общим ослабление центральной власти. Комплекс этих событий предопределил распад СССР задолго до августа 1991года, но именно Путч ГКЧП стал точкой невозврата в общем центробежном процессе.
LEARNING PROCESS IN INCLUSIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Anggraini Lanny , Syahrial Zulfiati , Situmorang Robinson
Published: January 2019

Learning Process in Inclusive Primary SchoolLanny Anggraini, Zulfiati Syahrial, Robinson SitumorangJakarta Stated UniversityAbstractInclusive education is one of the innovation in educational system in order to reach education for all (EFA).It is very important part of equal opportunity in education.The objectives of this research are describing: inclusive education learning process and The evaluation of learning outcome of special needs student. The methodology of this study is using descriptive qualitative. The research was held in government primary schools in DKI Jakarta which held inclusive education. Techniques of Collecting data were using in depth interview, observation, and documentation study. The validity of instruments are using construct validity and technique of data analysis in qualitative research is using interactive model by Miles and Huberman which consist of of three steps, namely data collecting/data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with verification. Validity of data is done by triangulation data of techniques and resources.The results of these study are; (1) Learning process including class administration, and the curriculum as equal as regular class; (2) The learning outcomes process for special needs student as equal as the reguler class and it is lower than the reguler students. Therefore, the recommendation needed that should be synergized and collaboration among the central and district government, the society and school for improving inclusive education, including assessment policy, socialization, training for the teachers, teachers for special education recruitment, and sharing best practice among them.
КОРПОРАТИВНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА – ИНСТРУМЕНТ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЕЙ// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal 1(12), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Flora Bertrand - Berlin, Germany. 14.01.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 41-45.
Authors: Тирацуян Вазген Хоренович , Трофимова Любовь Александровна , Штода Павел Сергеевич
Published: January 2019

В статье рассмотрено значение корпоративной культуры организации с позиции укрепления лояльности персонала и повышения эффективности управления корпоративной культурой в зарубежной и российских условиях.
Cetacean morbillivirus, a journey from land to sea and viceversa
Authors: Di Guardo Giovanni , Mazzariol Sandro
Published: January 2019

Cetacean Morbillivirus, the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of cetaceans worldwide, has shown in recent years an increased tendency to cross “interspecies barriers”, thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales. This "Perspective” article deals with the evolutionary “trajectories” of this viral pathogen, likely originating from Rinderpest Virus, along with its "journey" from land to sea (and viceversa), mimicking that of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestors.