bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Equatorial Ocean Current Bias on Simulated El Niño Pattern in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shen , Wang Li‐Chiao , Li Jui‐Lin F.
Published: April 2023

This study utilized the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to examine the simulations of equatorial ocean currents and explore their substantial influences on the systematic bias of westward‐extended sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) pattern during El Niño. The results show that models simulate an excessive westward ocean current field over the equatorial central Pacific in the mean state. It tends to suppress the equatorial eastward ocean current anomalies with their maximum centering over the equatorial western Pacific in the El Niño developing phase. As a consequence, an overestimated zonal advective feedback toward the maritime continent exists, subsequently inducing the biased westward extension of SSTA pattern. Our results show that the mean‐state performance of equatorial ocean currents plays a key role on simulations of El Niño evolution in CMIP6 models.
RBM4 dictates ESCC cell fate switch from cellular senescence to glutamine-addiction survival through inhibiting LKB1-AMPK-axis
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Dan , Yang Quan , Sun Siwen , Dai Zhenwei , Li Zhengzheng , Liang Xuemei , Chen Chaoqun , Jiao Yuexia , Zhi Lili , Zhao Lianmei , Zhang Jinrui , Liu Xuefeng , Zhao Jinyao , Li Man , Wang Yang , Qi Yangfan
Published: April 2023

Cellular senescence provides a protective barrier against tumorigenesis in precancerous or normal tissues upon distinct stressors. However, the detailed mechanisms by which tumor cells evade premature senescence to malignant progression remain largely elusive. Here we reported that RBM4 adversely impacted cellular senescence to favor glutamine-dependent survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells by dictating the activity of LKB1, a critical governor of cancer metabolism. The level of RBM4 was specifically elevated in ESCC compared to normal tissues, and RBM4 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype. RBM4 contributed to overcome H-RAS- or doxorubicin-induced senescence, while its depletion caused P27-dependent senescence and proliferation arrest by activating LKB1-AMPK-mTOR cascade. Mechanistically, RBM4 competitively bound LKB1 to disrupt the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 heterotrimeric complex, subsequently recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM26 to LKB1, promoting LKB1 ubiquitination and degradation in nucleus. Therefore, such molecular process leads to bypassing senescence and sustaining cell proliferation through the activation of glutamine metabolism. Clinically, the ESCC patients with high RBM4 and low LKB1 have significantly worse overall survival than those with low RBM4 and high LKB1. The RBM4 high/LKB1 low expression confers increased sensitivity of ESCC cells to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839, providing a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the glutamine-dependency to improve the efficacy of glutamine inhibitors in ESCC therapeutics.
Gasdermin D independent canonical inflammasome responses cooperate with caspase-8 to establish host defense against gastrointestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection
Authors: Eeckhout Elien , Hamerlinck Lisa , Jonckheere Veronique , Van Damme Petra , van Loo Geert , Wullaert Andy
Published: April 2023

Citrobacter rodentium is an enteropathogen that causes intestinal inflammatory responses in mice reminiscent of the pathology provoked by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in humans. C. rodentium expresses various virulence factors that target specific signaling proteins involved in executing apoptotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death, suggesting that each of these distinct cell death modes performs essential host defense functions that the pathogen aims to disturb. However, the relative contributions of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in protecting the host against C. rodentium have not been elucidated. Here we used mice with single or combined deficiencies in essential signaling proteins controlling apoptotic, necroptotic or pyroptotic cell death to reveal the roles of these cell death modes in host defense against C. rodentium. Gastrointestinal C. rodentium infections in mice lacking GSDMD and/or MLKL showed that both pyroptosis and necroptosis were dispensable for pathogen clearance. In contrast, while RIPK3-deficient mice showed normal C. rodentium clearance, mice with combined caspase-8 and RIPK3 deficiencies failed to clear intestinal pathogen loads. Although this demonstrated a crucial role for caspase-8 signaling in establishing intestinal host defense, Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice remained capable of preventing systemic pathogen persistence. This systemic host defense relied on inflammasome signaling, as Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice with combined caspase-1 and -11 deletion succumbed to C. rodentium infection. Interestingly, although it is known that C. rodentium can activate the non-canonical caspase-11 inflammasome, selectively disabling canonical inflammasome signaling by single caspase-1 deletion sufficed to render Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice vulnerable to C. rodentium-induced lethality. Moreover, Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice lacking GSDMD survived a C. rodentium infection, suggesting that pyroptosis was not crucial for the protective functions of canonical inflammasomes in these mice. Taken together, our mouse genetic experiments revealed an essential cooperation between caspase-8 signaling and GSDMD-independent canonical inflammasome signaling to establish intestinal and systemic host defense against gastrointestinal C. rodentium infection.
Gut microbiome responds compositionally and functionally to the seasonal diet variations in wild gibbons
Authors: Li Qi , Fei Han-Lan , Luo Zhen-Hao , Gao Shao-Ming , Wang Pan-Deng , Lan Li-Ying , Zhao Xin-Feng , Huang Li-Nan , Fan Peng-Fei
Published: April 2023

Wild animals may encounter multiple challenges especially food shortage and altered diet composition in their suboptimal ranges. Yet, how the gut microbiome responds to dietary changes remains poorly understood. Prior studies on wild animal microbiomes have typically leaned upon relatively coarse dietary records and individually unresolved fecal samples. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study integrating 514 time-series individually recognized fecal samples with parallel fine-grained dietary data from two Skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) groups populating high-altitude mountainous forests in western Yunnan Province, China. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed a remarkable seasonal fluctuation in the gibbons’ gut microbial community structure both across individuals and between the social groups, especially driven by the relative abundances ofLanchnospiraceaeandOscillospiraceaeassociated with fluctuating consumption of leaf. Metagenomic functional profiling revealed that diverse metabolisms associated with cellulose degradation and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production were enriched in the high-leaf periods possibly to compensate for energy intake. Genome-resolved metagenomics further enabled the resolving metabolic capacities associated with carbohydrate breakdown among community members which exhibited a high degree of functional redundancy. Our results highlight a taxonomically and functionally sensitive gut microbiome actively responding to the seasonally shifting diet, facilitating the survival and reproduction of the endangered gibbon species in their suboptimal habitats.
Using genomic scars to select immunotherapy beneficiaries in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Donker H. C. , van Es B. , Tamminga M. , Lunter G. A. , van Kempen L. C. L. T. , Schuuring E. , Hiltermann T. J. N. , Groen H. J. M.
Published: April 2023

In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), response to immunotherapy is difficult to predict from pre-treatment information. Given the toxicity of immunotherapy and its financial burden on the healthcare system, we set out to identify patients for whom treatment is effective. To this end, we used mutational signatures from DNA mutations in pre-treatment tissue. Single base substitutions, doublet base substitutions, indels, and copy number alteration signatures were analysed in $$m=101$$

m
=
101

patients (the discovery set). We found that tobacco smoking signature (SBS4) and thiopurine chemotherapy exposure-associated signature (SBS87) were linked to durable benefit. Combining both signatures in a machine learning model separated patients with a progression-free survival hazard ratio of 0.40$$_{-0.17}^{+0.28}$$

-
0.17

+
0.28

on the cross-validated discovery set and 0.24$$_{-0.14}^{+0.31}$$

-
0.14

+
0.31

on an independent external validation set ($$m=56$$

m
=
56

). This paper demonstrates that the fingerprints of mutagenesis, codified through mutational signatures, select advanced NSCLC patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, thus potentially reducing unnecessary patient burden.
Predictors of Lassa fever diagnosis in suspected cases reporting to health facilities in Nigeria
Authors: Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Ntoimo Lorretta , Onoh Ikenna , Okonofua Friday , Meremikwu Martin , Mba Sandra , Iniobong Akanimo , Nwafor Obinna , Dalhat Mahmood , Ohonsi Cornelius , Arinze Chinedu , Esu Ekpereonne , Igumbor Ehimario Uche , Dan-Nwafor Chioma , Ilori Elsie , Adetifa Ifedayo
Published: April 2023

Lassa fever (LF) remains endemic in Nigeria with the country reporting the highest incidence and mortality globally. Recent national data suggests increasing incidence and expanding geographic spread. Predictors of LF case positivity in Nigeria have been sparsely studied. We thus sought to determine the sociodemographic and clinical determinants of LF positivity amongst suspected cases presenting to health facilities from 2018 to 2021. A secondary analysis of the national LF surveillance data between January 2018 and December 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical data of 20,027 suspected LF cases were analysed using frequencies and Chi-square statistics with significant p-value set at p < 0.05. The outcome variable was LF case status (positive or negative). Predictors of LF case positivity were assessed using multiple logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Case positivity rate (CPR) for the four years was 15.8% with higher odds of positivity among age group 40–49 years (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.21–1.62), males (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.20), those with formal education (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.13–1.56), artisans (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.28–2.27), religious leaders (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.04–2.52), farmers (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.21–1.81), and symptomatic individuals (aOR = 2.36; 95% CI 2.09–2.68). Being a health worker (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.53–0.91), a teacher (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.53–0.89) and cases reporting in the 3rd quarter (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69–0.92) had lower odds. In a sex-disaggregated analysis, female farmers had higher odds of positivity (aOR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.76–3.38; p < 0.001) than male farmers (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.19–1.96; p < 0.01). Fever (aOR = 2.39; 95% CI 2.00–2.84) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.94–2.37) had the highest odds among symptoms. Combination of fever and GI symptoms (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.50–3.10), fever and neurological symptoms (aOR = 6.37; 95% CI 1.49–27.16), fever and musculo-skeletal symptoms (aOR = 2.95; 95% CI 1.37–6.33), fever and cardiopulmonary symptoms (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.24–2.64), and cardiopulmonary and general symptoms (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.19–1.89) were also predictive. Cumulative LF CPR appears high with clearly identified predictors. Targeted interventions with heightened index of suspicion for sociodemographic categories predictive of LF in suspected cases are recommended. Ethnographic and further epidemiological studies could aid better understanding of these associations.
On determining conditions and suitable locations for fish survival by using the solution of the two coupled pollution and aeration equations
Authors: Raafat Philopatir B. , Ibrahim Fayez N. , Saleh Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The coupled equations of pollution and aeration for flow in a river were studied under generalized assumptions in terms of parameter dependency on space and time, as well as general boundary constraints. An analytical solution was obtained in the steady-state case. Also, the system was solved in its unsteady state numerically in a dimensionless form using the finite difference scheme. The effect of different parameters controlling the flow (such as the velocity, Peclet number, injected pollutants, and so on…) was studied. Investigations indicate that the special cases of the proposed model (i.e., uniform distribution of pollutant and Dissolved Oxygen concentrations, and zero injected pollutants along the river) give results that agree with the previous studies. This simple model helps in understanding the behavior of the pollution-aeration process and its relation to the injected pollution along a river and its effect on fish survival. A simple procedure was discussed in this study to help in regulating farming, industrial, and urban practices and impose restrictions if necessary. This study determines with accuracy the intervals of the river at which fish can survive at a given time, as well as the maximum amount of pollutants allowed to be injected along the river for fish survival.
Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa against coccidiosis in commercial poultry
Authors: Lail Najam-ul , Sattar Adeel , Omer Muhammad Ovais , Hafeez Mian Abdul , Khalid Abdur Rauf , Mahmood Sammina , Shabbir Muhammad Abubakr , Ahmed Waqas , Aleem Muhammad Tahir , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Almutairi Mashal M.
Published: April 2023

Coccidiosis causes huge economic losses worldwide. Current study evaluated the effect of biosynthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Nigella sativa, on Eimeria tenella infected broilers. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical ZnONPs with 50–100 nm diameter, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed the functional groups involved in the reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate to ZnONPs, UV–vis spectroscopy showed a peak at 354 nm, and Zeta potential exhibited stability at − 30 mV. A total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 equal groups. Control negative: uninfected and untreated; Control positive: Infected and untreated; 3rd, 4th and 5th group were infected orally with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and treated with 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, 1% Nigella sativa seeds and amprolium 125 ppm, respectively. ZnONPs significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth performance in the infected birds and decreased the oocyst shedding and anti-coccidial index. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase, whereas, a significantly higher amount of antioxidants like catalase and superoxide dismutase in ZnONPs treated group was observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly decreased by ZnONPs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, biogenic ZnONPs with Nigella sativa might have enhanced anticoccidial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects with improved growth performance.
Phase-based design of CO2 capture, transport, and storage infrastructure via SimCCS3.0
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Chen Bailian , Pawar Rajesh J.
Published: April 2023

The design of optimal infrastructure is essential for the deployment of commercial and large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. During the design process, it is important to consider CO2 capture and storage locations and CO2 transportation pipelines to minimize the total project cost. SimCCS, first introduced in 2009, is an integrated open-source tool to optimize CCS infrastructure. The core CCS infrastructure design problem in SimCCS is structured as a mixed-integer linear programming problem by selecting the optimal pipeline routes, searching CO2 source capture and storage locations, and determining the corresponding CO2 amounts to meet desired capture targets. Multiple important and practical features have been developed to the latest version of SimCCS, SimCCS3.0. One of these features is phase-based modeling which enables users to dynamically design the CCS infrastructure. We demonstrate the phased-based modeling capability using two CCS infrastructure optimization case studies. The results from these case studies reveal that the phase-based modeling capability in SimCCS is particularly useful to optimize the dynamic deployment of CCS projects.
Climate change impacts on optimal habitat of Stachys inflata medicinal plant in central Iran
Authors: Shaban Mehdi , Ghehsareh Ardestani Elham , Ebrahimi Ataollah , Borhani Massoud
Published: April 2023

Stachys inflata Benth. is a perennial shrub plant, with powerful natural antioxidant agents, which is recognized as a famous medicinal plant that is widely applied to treat Infection, Asthma, and Rheumatism. Iran is renowned as a center of diversity for Stachys, however, the ideal habitats of S. inflata in this nation remain unknown. The potential and future distribution of suitable habitats for S. inflata were projected using an ensembles ecological niche model in Isfahan province, Iran. We used occurrence data (using GPS), bioclimatic and topographic variables from the Chelsa and WorldClim databases to model the current and future potential distribution of this valuable species. The results showed that: (i) S. inflata is mainly distributed in the south, southwest, center, and west of the Isfahan province, and the excellent habitats of S. inflata accounted for 14.34% of the 107,000 km2 study area; (ii) mean annual temperature, mean daily temperature of wettest quarter, annual precipitation, and elevation were the four most important variables that affect the distribution of S. inflata, with a cumulative contribution of 56.55%; and (iii) about the half (− 42.36%) of the currently excellent habitats of S. inflata show a tendency to decrease from now to the 2080s, while often the area of other S. inflata habitats increases (the area of unsuitable habitat: 5.83%, the area of low habitat suitability: 24.68%, the area of moderate habitat suitability: 2.66%, and the area of high habitat suitability: 2.88%). The increase in the area of other S. inflata habitats is different and they are less favorable than the excellent habitat. The results help establishing a framework for long-term in-situ and ex-situ conservation and management practices in habitats of S. inflata in rangeland and agricultural ecosystems.
Advanced nano-texture, optical bandgap, and Urbach energy analysis of NiO/Si heterojunctions
Authors: Dejam Laya , Sabbaghzadeh Jamshid , Ghaderi Atefeh , Solaymani Shahram , Matos Robert S. , Țălu Ștefan , da Fonseca Filho Henrique D. , Sari Amir Hossein , Kiani Hanieh , shayegan Amir Hossein Salehi , Doudaran Mahdi Astani
Published: April 2023

Due to the large number of industrial applications of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), this study focuses on one of the most important metal oxides. The RF-magnetron sputtering method was used to fabricate NiO thin films on both quartz and silicon substrates at room temperature under flow of Argon and Oxygen. The sputtered samples were annealed in N2 atmosphere at 400, 500, and 600 °C for 2 hours. Using the AFM micrographs and WSXM 4.0 software, the basic surface parameters, including root mean square roughness, average roughness, kurtosis, skewness, etc., were computed. Advanced surface parameters were obtained by the Shannon entropy through a developed algorithm, and the power spectral density and fractal succolarity were extracted by related methods. Optical properties were studied using a transmittance spectrum to achieve the optical bandgap, absorption coefficient, Urbach energy, and other optical parameters. Photoluminescence properties also showed interesting results in accordance with optical properties. Finally, electrical characterizations and I–V measurements of the NiO/Si heterojunction device demonstrated that it can be used as a good diode device.
Green tea extract prevents CPT-11-induced diarrhea by regulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Kon Risako , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Yamaguchi Arisa , Teshima Yuka , Yamaguchi Tamami , Miyaoka Kanako , Fukuda Moeno , Noguchi Hinata , Tomimoto Rei , Sakai Hiroyasu , Kamei Junzo , Hosoe Tomoo
Published: April 2023

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer drug with indications for use in treating various cancers, but severe diarrhea develops as a side effect. We investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on CPT-11-induced diarrhea, focusing on β-glucuronidase and intestinal UGT1A1. When CPT-11 was administered to rats alone, the fecal water content was approximately 3.5-fold higher in this group than in the control group, and diarrhea developed. The fecal water content in the GTE-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the difference was smaller than that between the group treated with CPT-11 alone and the control group, and diarrhea improved. When CPT-11 was administered alone, the abundances of Bacteroidesfragilis and Escherichiacoli, which are β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria, increased and interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA levels in the colon increased, but GTE suppressed these increases. CPT-11 decreased colon UGT1A1 and short-chain fatty acid levels; however, this decrease was suppressed in the GTE-treated group. The findings that GTE decreases the abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria and increases colon UGT1A1 levels, thereby decreasing the production of the active metabolite SN-38 in the intestinal tract, indicate that GTE ameliorates CPT-11-induced diarrhea.
Obesity-related parameters in carriers of some BDNF genetic variants may depend on daily dietary macronutrients intake
Authors: Miksza Urszula , Adamska-Patruno Edyta , Bauer Witold , Fiedorczuk Joanna , Czajkowski Przemyslaw , Moroz Monika , Drygalski Krzysztof , Ustymowicz Andrzej , Tomkiewicz Elwira , Gorska Maria , Kretowski Adam
Published: April 2023

Some common single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated not only with the neurodegenerative diseases but also with some eating disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the possible differences in the obesity-related and glucose metabolism parameters between some BDNF genotypes’, that may depend on the daily energy and macronutrients intake. In 484 adult participants we performed the anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and body fat distribution. The daily dietary intake was assessed using the 3-day food intake diaries. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and during oral glucose tolerance tests. Moreover, the visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated. We noted that participants carrying the GG genotype had lower skeletal muscle mass and fat free mass (FFM) when carbohydrate intake was > 48%, whereas they presented higher fat-free mass (FFM), and surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations when daily fiber intake was > 18 g. Moreover, in these subjects we noted higher waist circumference, BMI, and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, when > 18% of total daily energy intake was delivered from proteins, and higher VAT content and HDL-C concentrations when > 30% of energy intake was derived from dietary fat. Our results suggest that glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of some common variants of BDNF gene, especially in the GG (rs10835211) genotype carriers, may differ dependently on daily energy, dietary macronutrients and fiber intake.
Study on the defects of KDP crystal with different states by the positron spectroscopy method
Authors: Li Junling , Bai Jianyu , Sui Tingting , Cao Xingzhong , Xu Mingxia , Sun Xun , Ju Xin
Published: April 2023

S parameters of the ADP samples tend to be consistent with little change with the increase of depth and Fe3+ concentration.
Regulating active hydrogen adsorbed on grain boundary defects of nano-nickel for boosting ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wen Ming , Huang Rong , Wu Qingsheng , Luo Yixing , Tian Yakun , Wei Guangfeng , Fu Yongqing
Published: April 2023

The grain boundary defect engineered Ni nanoparticles has been explored for boosting selective nitrate electroreduction to ammonia, and its NH3generation rate is much higher than those of the reported copper or noble metal-based catalysts.
Treatment of wastewater from the thermal desorption of oil-contaminated soil: performance and sorption mechanism of pyrolytic modified sawdust
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chen Ting , Cao Hui , Lin Huili , Jiang Shan , Yin Jun
Published: April 2023

Waste biomass sawdust was modified into adsorbent by pyrolysis. The properties of modified sawdust and the mechanism of oil removal were discussed. The modified sawdust was first used to remove emulsified oil from thermal desorption wastewater.
Tunable graphene oxide for the low-fouling electrochemical sensing of uric acid in human serum
Authors: Li Gang , Xu Chunying , Xu Hui , Gan Liju , Sun Kai , Yuan Baiqing
Published: April 2023

Tunable performances including anti-fouling, sensitivity and detection limit for electrochemical sensing of UA were demonstrated by using pristine GO, BSA bound GO, electro-reduction treated GO and electro-oxidation treated GO.
From waste plastics to layered porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials with excellent HER performance
Authors: Juan Chao , Lan Bing , Zhao Chuanchuan , Zhang Hualong , Li Dan , Zhang Fan
Published: April 2023

Layered porous nitrogen-doped carbon sheets prepared from waste plastics are employed as an excellent HER catalyst under alkaline conditions.
On the use of Monkhorst–Pack scheme to evaluate superconductivity and the issue of umklapp electron–phonon interactions
Authors: Zheng X. H. , Zheng J. X.
Published: April 2023

The Monkhorst–Pack scheme is a method to save time in the days of slow computers. It excludes umklapp phonons and offers erroneous evaluations in superconducting Pb and Pd (curves). An alternative method leads to better results (silhouettes).
Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes
Authors: Han Xiao-Ni , Han Ying , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: April 2023

In this review, we summarize the recent advances in newly reported macrocyclic arenes, focusing on their synthetic strategies and applications.
The nature and suppression strategies of interfacial reactions in all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Ren Fucheng , Liang Ziteng , Zhao Wengao , Zuo Wenhua , Lin Min , Wu Yuqi , Yang Xuerui , Gong Zhengliang , Yang Yong
Published: April 2023

Properties of interphases formed between the cathode and the sulfide solid electrolyte and interfacial failure mechanisms.
Correction: Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: Shinozaki Fumika , Kamei Asuka , Shimada Kousuke , Matsuura Hiroshi , Shibata Takeo , Ikeuchi Mayumi , Yasuda Kayo , Oroguchi Takashige , Kishimoto Noriaki , Takashimizu Shinji , Nishizaki Yasuhiro , Abe Keiko
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study’ by Fumika Shinozaki et al., Food Funct., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo03151e.
Photoinduced generation of ketyl radicals and application in C–C coupling withoutexternal photocatalyst
Authors: Yan Yonggang , Li Gang , Ma Jiani , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang , Xue Dong
Published: April 2023

A green and efficient procedure for photoinduced generation of ketyl radicals with no use of any external photocatalyst is demonstrated, enabling a series of important C–C coupling reactions in synthetic chemistry.
Real-time monitoring of phase transitions in π-SnS nanoparticles
Authors: Fridman Helena , Barsheshet Nir , Kolusheva Sofiya , Mokari Taleb , Hayun Shmuel , Golan Yuval
Published: April 2023

Phase transition of PVP-capped π-SnS nanoparticles were investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction. Heating above 400 °C resulted in transition to β-SnS, followed by transition to α-SnS when cooling to room temperature.
Redox-neutral C–H annulation strategies for the synthesis of heterocycles via high-valent Cp*Co(iii) catalysis
Authors: Bhaduri Nilanjan , Pawar Amit B.
Published: April 2023

This review demonstrates the redox-neutral synthetic approaches towards valuable heterocycles such as isoquinolines, indoles, isoquinolones, and tetrahydroquinolines via high-valent Cp*Co(iii) catalysis.
Optimal temperature and humidity control for autonomous control system based on PSO‐BP neural networks
Authors: Wu Weibin , Yao Beihuo , Huang Jiaxi , Sun Shunli , Zhang Fangren , He Zhaokai , Tang Ting , Gao Ruitao
Published: April 2023

In order to solve the problems of difficult control, poor stability, and low control precision in complex autonomous non‐linear systems, and some sensors have non‐linear errors in special environments. Based on the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm, an PSO‐BP‐PID (Particle Swarm Optimization Back Propagation neural network PID) control method and a sensor error compensation algorithm based on BP (Back Propagation) neural network are designed for optimal temperature and humidity control and sensor error compensation in the autonomous greenhouse system. The error between the average temperature value and the target value after steady state is 0.5°C, and the error between the average humidity value and the target value is 1% RH. The results show that the control method can effectively compensate the non‐linear error of the sensor and improve the performance of the control system in a complex environment, which is suitable for the stable and control of actuators in autonomous systems. The error of temperature and humidity sensor is compensated by BP neural network; PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) was used to optimize the BP‐PID parameters of the automatic greenhouse system.
Design rules to establish a credible More‐Electric Engine baseline power architecture concept
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Norman Patrick , Burt Graeme
Published: April 2023

The More‐Electric Engine (MEE), with its electrified engine auxiliary systems and increased multi‐shaft power offtake, is likely to become an increasingly central aspect of future More‐Electric Aircraft. Consequently, lightweight but resilient electrical power architectures are needed for these future MEE applications. However, whilst a range of MEE architectures exist in the research literature, no effective baseline architecture or standardised feature identification has been proposed to specifically address their unique design requirements. Accordingly, any underpinning technology‐focused research for critical MEE subsystems may ultimately have a reduced effectiveness without this credible baseline. Based on comprehensive design analyses, preliminary design requirements and anticipated operational modes, this article proposes key design rules for the formation of the first generic baseline MEE electrical power system architecture concept. Guidance is provided on features such as the number of power generation systems, the number and topologies of distribution channels, type of power conversion, essential load redundancy, and the location of emergency power supply. This article also provides full transparency of the design process so that key decision points can be revisited to capture application‐specific requirements and updates to certification requirements.
Parallel matters: Efficient polyp segmentation with parallel structured feature augmentation modules
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Fang Xianyong , Wang Kaibing , Shi Yuqing , Wang Linbo , Zhang Enming , Liu Zhengyi
Published: April 2023

The large variations of polyp sizes and shapes and the close resemblances of polyps to their surroundings call for features with long‐range information in rich scales and strong discrimination. This article proposes two parallel structured modules for building those features. One is the Transformer Inception module (TI) which applies Transformers with different reception fields in parallel to input features and thus enriches them with more long‐range information in more scales. The other is the Local‐Detail Augmentation module (LDA) which applies the spatial and channel attentions in parallel to each block and thus locally augments the features from two complementary dimensions for more object details. Integrating TI and LDA, a new Transformer encoder based framework, Parallel‐Enhanced Network (PENet), is proposed, where LDA is specifically adopted twice in a coarse‐to‐fine way for accurate prediction. PENet is efficient in segmenting polyps with different sizes and shapes without the interference from the background tissues. Experimental comparisons with state‐of‐the‐arts methods show its merits.
DREAM
Authors: Attia M. , Bourrier V. , Delisle J.-B. , Eggenberger P.
Published: April 2023

The spin–orbit angle, or obliquity, is a powerful observational marker that allows us to access the dynamical history of exoplanetary systems. For this study, we have examined the distribution of spin–orbit angles for close-in exoplanets and put it in a statistical context of tidal interactions between planets and their host stars. We confirm the previously observed trends between the obliquity and physical quantities directly connected to tides, namely the stellar effective temperature, the planet-to-star mass ratio, and the scaled orbital distance. We further devised a tidal efficiency factor τ combining critical parameters that control the strength of tidal effects and used it to corroborate the strong link between the spin–orbit angle distribution and tidal interactions. In particular, we developed a readily usable formula θ (τ) to estimate the probability that a system is misaligned, which will prove useful in global population studies. By building a robust statistical framework, we reconstructed the distribution of the three-dimensional spin–orbit angles, allowing for a sample of nearly 200 true obliquities to be analyzed for the first time. This realistic distribution maintains the sky-projected trends, and additionally hints toward a striking pileup of truly aligned systems. In fact, we show that the fraction of aligned orbits could be underestimated in classical analyses of sky-projected obliquities due to an observational bias toward misaligned systems. The comparison between the full population and a pristine subsample unaffected by tidal interactions suggests that perpendicular architectures are resilient toward tidal realignment, providing evidence that orbital misalignments are sculpted by disruptive dynamical processes that preferentially lead to polar orbits. On the other hand, star–planet interactions seem to efficiently realign or quench the formation of any tilted configuration other than for polar orbits, and in particular for antialigned orbits. Observational and theoretical efforts focused on these pristine systems are encouraged in order to study primordial mechanisms shaping orbital architectures, which are unaltered by tidal effects.
The evolutionary properties of the blue loop under the influence of rapid rotation and low metallicity
Authors: Zhao Liuyan , Song Hanfeng , Meynet Georges , Maeder Andre , Ekström Sylvia , Zhang Ruiyu , Qin Ying , Qi Shitao , Zhan Qiong
Published: April 2023

Context. The physical mechanism leading to the formation of the blue loop in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram is not satisfactorily explained by the evolutionary track of single stars. Rapid rotation and low metallicity drastically modify the internal structures and surface compositions of stars. Therefore, they provide a very significant pattern to investigate the evolutionary properties of the blue loop.

Aims. In this paper, we mainly explore how rapid rotation and low metallicity have an important impact on the occurrence and extension of the blue loop.

Methods. To this end, we implemented the rotating stellar evolution model, including the angular momentum transportation and chemical element mixing. We incorporated several initial rotational velocities and two characteristic metallicities in various models to explore the blue loop extension.

Results. The blue loop can occur when the hydrogen burning shell merges with the hydrogen–helium abundance discontinuity. We find that the blue loop extension strongly depends on the amplitude and gradient of the hydrogen–helium discontinuity. The hydrogen–helium discontinuity is created by the intermediate convective region or the convective dredge-up. A steeper hydrogen gradient in association with a greater amplitude of the hydrogen abundance discontinuity may favour a hotter star.

Conclusions. Both the low metallicity and rapid rotation tend to restrain the development of the outer convective envelope and thus disfavour the occurrence and extension of the blue loop. There are three main reasons for this occurrence. Firstly, the helium core and its core potential can be enlarged by rotational mixing or low metallicity. Secondly, rapid rotation reduces the convective dredge-up depth in the star with Z = 0.014 and the mass extension of the intermediate convective region in the star with Z = 0.0008. Both of these phenomena lead to a reduction of the amplitude of the hydrogen abundance gradient. Thirdly, strong rotational mixing in the model (i.e. vini = 350 km s−1) with Z = 0.0008 reduces the energy generation rate from the hydrogen burning shell. Without bending towards higher effective temperature in the HR diagram, the additional helium brought near the H-burning shell associated with the larger He core can cause the star to expand towards becoming a red giant star directly after the core hydrogen burning. Rapid rotation and low metallicity tend to produce surface enrichment of the ratio of nitrogen to carbon and reduce the 12C left in the core; this has an important influence on the stellar compactness of the supernovae progenitor.
Ontology of New Art and Survival of Art
Authors: Wang Aishi
Published: April 2023

Art is not an image work, but an image that people can see and an apparent result of the transcendent image presented by art; art is the ideological and spiritual product that’s processed from the high-end level of consciousness and thinking and generated by the entanglement movement of human body and cosmic materials. Also, it is an original form behind the physical image works, intended to reconcile the relationship between spiritual illusion and the material world; acting on all human life activities in accordance with the law of increasing progression under the cosmic stipulation, its ultimate task is to optimize the survival of human life while safeguarding the conservation of life; its practical task is to serve to help human beings achieve a perfect spiritual world of and construct a cultural spiritual system more in line with human society.
Research on Statistics Curriculum Reform under the Influence of Public Security Big Data Technology
Authors: Hu Kaifeng , Wang Zhelin
Published: April 2023

In the use of big data, public security mainly focuses on the key processing of data. Although it is structured, it needs to be used in many aspects. Data processing results and analysis results, but through data processing, can effectively think about the specific implementation methods. Public security data science is becoming a new public security discipline and police technical field. Under the influence of public security big data technology, there are various problems in the development of statistics education and teaching and the design of teaching courses. On the premise of combining the design of statistics-related courses and the development of teaching, this paper makes an in-depth study on the reform of statistics courses under the influence of public security big data technology, and puts forward the reform path of statistics courses. In order to improve the teaching quality of statistics course and cultivate professionals who are more in line with the development of the times.
In Kliniken wird Diabetes vielfach nicht diagnostiziert
Authors: Schleicher Erwin , Heinemann Lutz , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Peter Andreas , Fritsche Andreas , Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias , Landgraf Rüdiger
Published: April 2023

Die Anzahl von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist recht
genau bekannt, wobei man die Anzahl der Menschen mit nicht-erkanntem Diabetes nur schätzen
kann. Noch ungenauer sind die Zahlen für Menschen mit unerkanntem Diabetes, die stationär aufgenommen
werden. Nach stationärer Aufnahme werden in den Kliniken meist eine oder mehrere Glukosemessungen
durchgeführt. Eine internationale Studie zeigt, dass sehr unterschiedliche Glukosewerte von
126 mg/dL bis 250 mg/dL (7,0 bis 13,9 mmol/l) als Kriterium verwendet werden, die auf einen unerkannten Diabetes
hinweisen. Diese Unsicherheit besteht vor allem deswegen, weil es keine internationale
Empfehlung für einen cut-off von Glukosewerten gibt, die sich für ein Diabetesscreening von
stationären Patienten eignet. In Deutschland gibt es dazu zwei neuere Studien aus
verschiedenen Regionen, die den Anteil an Menschen mit unerkanntem Diabetes bei stationär aufgenommen
Patienten untersuchten. In beiden Analysen wurde auch das HbA1c, als
Hyperglykämie-Indikator, der kaum von akuten Ereignissen wie Nahrungsaufnahme, Medikation etc.
beeinflusst wird, bestimmt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass je nach Klinik und Abteilung ca. 22% bis
40% aller Patienten einen Diabetes aufwiesen, von denen ein teilweise beträchtlicher Anteil nicht
bekannt war. Entsprechend variable Ergebnisse werden auch in internationalen Studien gefunden.
Die Literaturrecherche zeigt eindrucksvoll, dass es keine allgemein anerkannten Kriterien für
eine Hyperglykämie bei stationären Patienten gibt. Sie zeigt aber auch, dass ein
HbA1c-Screening zusammen mit Glukosemessungen einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann, um den
Anteil der Patienten mit nicht-erkanntem Diabetes im stationären Umfeld erheblich zu senken.
The Knowledge and Practices of the Absolute and Relative Dental Implant Contraindications of General Dental Practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ababneh Khansa Taha , Farook Fathima Fazrina , Kharashi Tala Al , Arfaj Samar Al , Allahim Renad
Published: April 2023

Objectives General dental practitioners (GDPs) are faced with increasing numbers of patients requesting dental implants (DI) to replace missing teeth. Being the first dental professional consulting with the patient, being knowledgeable about DI contraindications (DIC) would support the development of appropriate treatment plans. This study aimed to investigate the GDPs level of knowledge of a number of DICs. The study was done in Riyadh, KSA.

Materials and Methods A structured electronic questionnaire was distributed to GDPs who consented to participate. Participants were asked whether certain systemic and local conditions were considered DIC, and whether such DIC were considered absolute or relative. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, or one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were used for the statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05) to assess the association between the sample characteristics and knowledge of DICs.

Results Less than half (42%) of the respondents scored 25 to 50%, and only 2% scored 75 to 100%. The highest proportion of correct responses was related to questions regarding old age (74.09%), glycemic categories (68.52%), active chemotherapy (64.07%), and intravenous bisphosphonates (49.86%). The responses were significantly associated with the years of experience, place of graduation, and highest qualification in DI. Based on the linear regression analysis, higher years of practice were associated with less knowledge of DIC (inverse relationship), graduates of Saudi governmental universities scored higher than the other groups of graduates, and holders of a master's degree in DI scored higher compared to holders of other qualifications. In addition, respondents who received lectures and/or laboratory training as part of their undergraduate curriculum had higher scores than the group who did not.

Conclusion The level of DIC-related knowledge of the GDPs in Riyadh is generally good but incomplete; it is significantly influenced by the GDPs' years of practice, place of graduation, qualifications, and receiving didactic and laboratory training in the undergraduate programs. More emphasis on DI and DIC is required to improve treatment planning and patient referral.
The Pattern in the Utilization of the First-Choice Antibiotic among Dentists in the Republic of Kosovo: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mustafa Lirim , Islami Hilmi , Šutej Ivana
Published: April 2023

Objective Antibiotics are prescribed by dentists during dental treatments, depending on the diagnosis and severity of the disease. Appropriate indicators of the benefit of systematic and regular use of antibiotics in dentistry are limited, because a large number of dental and periodontal problems can be treated either by surgical intervention or by maintaining good oral hygiene. Improper use of antibiotics leads to antimicrobial resistance. In Kosovo, this problem is very evident and more studies are required to identify antibiotic prescribing patterns by health care workers. In this context, this study aims to investigate the issue of antibiotic use in dentistry.

Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted for 6 months and followed the dental practice of 80 dentists. Data were collected from 795 patient forms.

Results After analysis, results showed that amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and amoxicillin alone were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, each accounting for 35%. The most common indications for antibiotic prescription were dental and periodontal abscesses (24.9%), while 20.7% of antibiotics were prescribed for postextraction healing, pericoronitis (15%), chronic periodontitis (12.8%), and dry socket (11.5%).

Conclusion These results suggest that the problem of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is not only overprescribing but also the selection of inappropriate agents, especially amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, instead of amoxicillin alone.
Replication Timing Aberration of KIF14 and MDM4/PI3KC2β Alleles and Aneuploidy as Markers of Chromosomal Instability and Poor Treatment Response in Ewing Family Tumor Patients
Authors: Ayala Fernanda Rocha Rojas , Martin Jeffrey William , Bertuzzo Carmen Silvia
Published: April 2023

Replication timing of allelic gene pairs is strictly regulated according to expression, genome stability, and epigenetic changes, and tumorigenesis may be associated with changes in the allelic replication in various tumors. Our aim was to determine whether such alterations had a prognostic value in Ewing's family tumor (EFT) patients. The KIF14 and MDM4/PI3KC2β and the centromeric satellite sequence of chromosomes 8 and 12 were used for replication timing assessments. Aneuploidy was assessed by enumerating the copy numbers of chromosomes 8 and 12. Replication timing and aneuploidy were detected cytogenetically using multicolors fluorescence in situ hybridization assay applied in 135 EFT. Patients with trisomy 8 presented an association with an asynchronous replication pattern (SD) of MDM4/PI3KC2β genes (p = 0.013). Trisomy 12 was associated with a synchronous pattern (DD) of KIF14 probe signals (p = 0.04). The DD synchronous replication pattern of KIF14 showed a correlation with age (p < 0.0001), and the SS synchronous replication pattern of the same locus showed a correlation with lung metastatic (p = 0.012). The subgroup of patients presenting with multiplet signals of MDM4/PI3KC2β showed an association with treatment response (p = 0.045) and age (p = 0.033). Replication pattern of KIF14 may, significantly, be associated with chromosomal instability as MDM4/PI3KC2β may be a considerably new marker of poor treatment response in EFT patients.