bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment of heavy metals in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings from Saudi Arabia’s largest rookery, Ras Baridi
Authors: Tanabe Lyndsey K. , Scott Kirsty , Dasari Vijayalaxmi , Berumen Michael L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Anthropogenic sources can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms through ingestion, absorption, or inhalation. For sea turtle embryos, heavy metals can be absorbed into the egg from the incubation environment or be maternally transferred to the offspring causing neurological, reproductive, and developmental problems. Here, we report heavy metal concentrations in green turtle hatchlings from the largest rookery on the Red Sea, Ras Baridi.

Methods

Deceased hatchlings were collected from two beaches near a cement factory at Ras Baridi, from which heavy metal concentrations (chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) were measured from the liver, muscle, and residual yolk of the hatchlings.

Results

Although based on a small sample of hatchlings, the data presented here provides the first measurements of heavy metals from sea turtles in the Red Sea and highlights the link between human activity and its impact on the ecology of sea turtles. In general, the heavy metal concentrations of heavy metals were not significantly different between the beach next to the cement factory and the beach downwind from the factory. However, the concentrations of heavy metals were significantly different between sampled tissues (liver, muscle, and residual yolk).

Discussion

This study provides insight into current heavy metal levels in green turtle hatchlings, which can be used as bio-indicators for environmental contaminants as coastal development increases in the Red Sea. Moreover, we found a lack of standardized methodology to evaluate heavy metals in hatchling sea turtles. Future efforts should work toward creating comparable techniques for long-term heavy metal monitoring, as this is a useful determinant of anthropogenic pollution.
Efficacy of Some Plant Mulches and Tomato Cultivars on the Growth Parameters and Wilt of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in Owerri, Imo State, South East, Nigeria
Authors: M. Nwokeji E. , I. Nwufo M. , M. Agu C. , O. Ihejirika G. , C. Anyanwu P. , Peter-Onoh C. , E. Ogwudire V. , A. Dialoke S. , E. Okere S.
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted on the effects of some mulching materials and some tomato cultivars on the growth parameters and wilt disease of tomato. The design used was 3 x 4 factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), in four (4) replications. The work was carried out in 2015 cropping seasona at the Teaching and Research Farm of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.  on growth parameters and disease incidence on tomato were collected and statistically analyzed, using Genstat Version 4 analytical Software, while the means were separated for difference using Fisher’ Least Significant Difference Protocol. Wilt incidence was significantly (P<0.05) affected by tomato cultivars at the sixth week after transplanting (WAT). Wilt severity was lowest (1.75) at 2nd WAT. The number of fruits for Rio Grande cultivars significantly (P<0.05) increased at 8 WAT. For effective management of tomato wilt, ROMA VF cultivars should be grown under grass, while Tropimech tomato cultivars should be left unmulched.
Pregnancy and COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Das Dipu , Sinha Namita Rani , Akhter Shahina , Sharmin Tahmina , Kanungo Sandip
Published: August 2022

In Bangladesh, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already resulted in 1.52 million cases of sickness and 26,794 deaths by 2021-09-09. As a result of hormonal and physiological shifts, pregnant women may be more vulnerable to life-threatening lung infections. During 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, scientists sought to thoroughly analyze the available literature on the link between SARS-CoV-2 infections and pregnancy. This study's primary objective was to evaluate the literature about the consequences of SARS-related CoV-2 on pregnancy. We have collected the data for this meta-analysis by searching PubMed, Scopus, Medline, the Cochrane database, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of all included papers. We used the PRISMA criteria to evaluate the abstracts of the published research articles. After ensuring data consistency, only sources and materials useful to the study's objectives were used. We have completed our review of the literature and have included 23 sarticles in our analysis.
A Henstock Approach of the PUL-integra
Authors: Ambasa Erwin P. , Flores Greig Bates C.
Published: August 2022

The PUL-integral is a McShane type of definition in which the notion of a partition of unity is of great importance. It was first introduced by Kurzweil and Jarnik. Recently, Boonpogkrong revisited this definition and presented its, relatively, simplified approach. In this paper, a Henstock-Kurzweil approach of this integral including its fundamental properties will be presented.
Challenges and Opportunities of the Ugandan Traditional Herbal Medicine Sector
Authors: Oloro Joseph , G. Agaba Amon , Mbaria James Mucunu , E. Maitho Timothy
Published: August 2022

The use of herbal medicine products worldwide and in Uganda is on the rise and there is much-renewed interest in their use because of the belief that they are safe. However, this belief is not backed up by credible scientific research for many products in Uganda. Almost all herbal products produced locally in Uganda have no scientific proof for their claimed safety and efficacy for the treatment of the various conditions they are claimed to treat example; covid-19, HIV, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, and others. There is an urgent need to quickly improve and enforced research on the local products in order to realise the economic benefits which could be lying hidden in them and put a ban on adulterated products from being sold to the public. This review was conducted in order to determine the challenges and opportunities in the Traditional Herbal Medicine sector in Uganda. It was found out that enormous challenges face the Traditional Medicine sector in Uganda including; lack of research on products available for use, claims of one product treating multiple conditions, adulteration of products with established Pharmaceutical drugs and no stringent regulations on registration of products. However, a lot of opportunities were also noted available for exploitation to develop the sector further. Collaboration with local Universities to speed up research using the Reverse Pharmacology approach [1] on the available products, strictly enforcing regulation on product registration and exploiting the reverse Pharmacology approach to study the local products, aggressive and intentional investment in basic research infrastructures and speeding up Clinical Trials on products found to be safe and effective could allow the realisation of the benefits which could be hidden in the local Traditional Medicine products.
Effect of Zinc and Sulphur Elements on Growth Performance and Productivity of Yellow Mustard (Sinapis alba) Grown under Prayagraj Conditions
Authors: Chowdary Dama Sai Geethika , Umesh C. , Sanodiya Lalit Kumar
Published: August 2022

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season, 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) under sandy loam soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice comprising three levels of Zinc (6, 8 and 10 kg/ha) and three sulphur levels (20 kg S/ha, 40 kg S/ha and 60 kg S/ha). The experiment results showed that the growth parameters and yield parameters such as plant height (55.3 cm), plant dry weight (8.8 g/plant), number of siliqua per plant (132.0), number of seeds per siliqua (31.7), test weight (3.9 g), seed yield (2.12 t/ha), stover yield (3.5 t/ha) and harvest index (35.8 %) recorded significantly higher in the treatment with the application of zinc 10 kg/ha + 60 kg/ha sulphur as compared to other treatment combinations. Generally it can be concluded that both zinc and sulphur are bifacial for yellow mustard grown on sandy loam soil.
Evaluation of Anti Urolithiatic Activity of Dolichos biflorus Seed Extract by Using Ethylene Glycol Induced Model
Authors: Haque Mohibul , Al-Shami Ali Salman , Chatterjee Sandipan
Published: August 2022

In the phytochemical screening, it was found that Dolichos Biflorus seed extract contained the presence of tannins steroids, protein, flavonoids, terpenoids, mucilage, saponin, and carbohydrate, but no alkaloids fixed oil. So, this plant has highly diuretic activity. Which can use for the treatment of urolithiasis.

Objective: The Present study aims to investigate the anti-Urolithiatic activity of Dolichos Biflorus methanolic seed extract in a rat model.

Methods: Dolichos Biflorus Seeds Extract were evaluated for anti-Urolithiatic activity. Urolithiasis has been induced in Wistar rats through Ethylene glycol (0.75%v/v, p.o). Upon completion of the experiment, animals in all groups have been sacrificed and biochemical parameters such as; calcium, creatinine, Phosphorus, Uric acid, Alkaline Phosphatase BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), and histology of Kidney have been observed. Furthermore, Potassium, Oxalate levels, and Alanine Amino Transferases were measured.

Results: The extract of Dolichos Biflorus was proven to be safe in the toxicity findings.

It has been shown that in-vivo significant effect of plant extract was able to manage the urolithiatic markers such as calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), and potassium. In the urolithiatic rats it has been observed that abundant crystal depositions, renal epithelial cells had more tubular dilatation and damage shown by large spaces in the tissue, renal stone deposition damages the renal tissue and detoriate the renal function. Urolithiatic markers such as calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), and potassium were normal in animals receiving plant extract and prevent renal cell injury.

Conclusion: All its findings and phytoconstituents existing inside the extract must stay the viable chemical materials involved in the prevention of Urolithiatic.
Orta Çağ ın Hristiyan Hacıları ve Onların Koruyucuları
Authors: DÜNDAR DERYA GÜRTAŞ
Published: August 2022

Hac kavramı Hristiyanların kendileri için manevi değeri yüksek dini merkezleri ve kutsal emanetleri ziyaret ettiği, dini bir ibadet olmanın dışında farklı anlamlar yükledikleri bir kavram olarak da gelişmiştir. Örneğin hac, Hristiyanların günlük yaşamlarını Mesih ve havarilerinkine benzer bir şekilde gerçekleştirme arzusu ile yaptıkları bir ibadet olma yanında kaos ve felaketlerin eksik olmadığı bir Orta Çağ boyunca Tanrı’ya giden bir araç olarak cennete giden bir yol anlayışını da simgeliyordu. Bu nedenle özellikle vebanın yoğun olduğu bir dönemde ölmekte olan çocuklarına şifa arayan annelerin çıplak ayakla tapınakları ziyaret ettiğini görmekteyiz. Bu yolculuk sırasında hacılar ancak silahlı gruplarla korunabilirdi. Bu nedenle “Tapınakçılar” diye bilinen “Tapınak Şövalyeleri”, XII. yy.da hacıları korumak için silahlı bir grup olarak ortaya çıktılar. Hospitalier Şövalyeleri tarafından şehirlerdeki yoksul ve hasta hacılar için dini kurumlarda barınma da sağlanmıştır. Bu şekilde, Orta Çağ’da hacılar, Kutsal Topraklar’da çeşitli dini ve siyasi faaliyetlere katılabilmişlerdir. Bu çalışma, Hristiyan hacılar ve onları koruyan şövalye teşkilatları üzerine bir yeniden değerlendirme girişimidir. Çalışmamızda hacıların yolculukları sırasındaki dini ve siyasi faaliyetlerini açıklamaya çalışacağız.
BURSA KIZ RÜŞDİYE MEKTEBİ (1882-1909)
Authors: Pir Serpil
Published: August 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nde kız eğitimi ile ilgili önemli gelişmeler 19.
yüzyılda gerçekleşmiştir. Daha önceden sıbyan mektebini
tamamladıktan sonra özel hocalardan ders almak dışında başka
seçenekleri olmayan kız çocukları için, ilk defa sıbyan
mektepleri üzerinde eğitim sunmak üzere rüşdiye mektepleri
açılmıştır. İlk kız rüşdiyesi 6 Ocak 1859 tarihinde
Sultanahmet’te bulunan Cevri Kalfa Mektebinin rüşdiye haline
getirilmesiyle açılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde rüşdiye
mekteplerinin yapısı ve işleyişi ile ilgili önemli düzenlemeler
1869 yılında yayımlanan Maârif-i Umûmiye Nizamnâmesi ile
gerçekleşmiştir. Nizamnâmenin 27. maddesinde kız
rüşdiyelerinin öncelikle İstanbul, daha sonra ise taşradaki
vilâyet merkezlerinde kurulacağı ifade edilmiştir. Bu
doğrultuda kız çocuklarının eğitim imkânından yararlanması
amacıyla, vilâyet merkezlerinde rüşdiye mektepleri açılmaya
çalışılmıştır. Bu mekteplerinin yaygınlaşması II. Abdülhamid
Dönemi’nde de devam etmiştir.
Bu çalışmada 1882 yılında açılan Bursa Kız Rüşdiye
Mektebinin 1909 yılına kadarki durumu ele alınmıştır.
Mektebin kuruluş süreci, kadrosunun kimlerden oluştuğu,
öğrenci mevcudu, mektebin işleyişi, 1882-1909 yılları arsında
mektepte ne gibi sorunların yaşandığı, bu sorunlara ne gibi
çözüm yollarının bulunduğu birincil kaynaklar incelenerek
anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma Bursa Kız Rüşdiye Mektebi
üzerinden II. Abdülhamid Dönemi’nde m
Perceptions and barriers of adverse drug reaction reporting within inpatient state psychiatric facilities
Authors: O'Donnell Carolyn , Demler Tammie Lee , Dzierba Charisse
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for hospitalized patients. Health care organizations track ADRs to reduce patient mortality, reduce hospital readmissions, decrease costs, and improve patient care. Differing definitions of ADRs cause confusion among providers, leading to hesitation with ADR reporting. The objective of this study was to understand health care professionals' perspectives of ADR reporting within inpatient state psychiatric facilities.

Methods

A survey was sent to 143 health care professionals throughout 25 inpatient state psychiatric facilities within 1 state. The survey assessed the definition of an ADR, confidence in reporting, barriers to reporting, the role of reporting, who should report and review ADRs, and strategies for process improvement.

Results

The survey had a 75.5% response rate with 108 respondents. Most respondents could identify the definition of an ADR, were moderately confident in reporting ADRs, and understood the importance of ADR reporting. Barriers to ADR reporting included the reaction not being serious, a lack of information about the ADR, or not enough clarity on how to report an ADR. Fear of retaliation was an additional barrier to ADR reporting. Training and direction on ADR reporting, education on real versus perceived consequences, a designated point person to aid in reporting, and better access to reporting technology were suggested improvements for ADR reporting.

Discussion

From this survey, it is evident that respondents believe improved education and training, improved communication regarding reporting consequences, and consensus on the definition of an ADR would encourage reporting.
Postinjection delirium/sedation syndrome in a transgender man undergoing hormone therapy
Authors: Gerving Joshua , Walser Heather , Kelly Anne C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Long-acting injectable medications have become an important tool in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder due to the high rates of medication nonadherence. Olanzapine long-acting injection (OLAI) is a useful therapeutic option for patients who have good tolerability and efficacy to oral olanzapine. Postinjection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS) is a rare but potentially serious event with the proposed mechanism of inadvertent intravascular injection of OLAI. This concern necessitates the requirement of a 3-hour monitoring period postinjection. Based on a literature review, there are no clearly defined risk factors for developing PDSS.

Case Report

A case is presented that describes PDSS in a transgender man undergoing hormone therapy with testosterone. The patient received OLAI for more than 3 years and developed PDSS 9 months after the initiation of injectable testosterone.

Discussion

There are published case reports of PDSS with the use of OLAI; however, there are no documented cases in a patient undergoing concurrent testosterone therapy. The effect that testosterone has on the vascular system and how it may alter the pharmacokinetics of OLAI has not been studied.

Conclusion

Despite proper injection technique, PDSS can occur after injection with OLAI. Further research is necessary to identify specific risk factors for the development of PDSS, including the potential effect that hormone therapy may have.
RELEVANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY WITH TRI HITA KARANA
Authors: Sukendri Nengah , Putra I Nyoman Nugraha Ardana
Published: August 2022

Tri Hita Karana is a Balinese culture that has been famous to the world. This article hopes to provide a view and open the insight that the concept of Tri Hita Karana, which turned out to have carried the idea of ​​Corporate Social Responsibility, was only heard when entering the millennium era. The method used is a literature study method that uses secondary data in peeling and pulling the common thread of both existing concepts. There is a relevant relationship between the two images, where the idea of ​​Balinese culture, which is a concept that pays attention to the relationship with God Almighty, the relationship with fellow humans, and the surrounding environment, is strongly related to napa described in Corporate Social Responsibility.
Além do domínio do interesse? Dádiva, proteção social e renda da cidadania
Authors: Chanial Phillipe
Published: August 2022

O autor procede a uma crítica à hegemonia do Homo oeconomicus e do cálculo utilitário, a partir da antropologia, tomando por base o paradigma da dádiva de Mauss, que entende a dádiva como fato total, através do qual se articulam os quatro princípios da ação humana: interesse e gratuidade, obrigação e liberdade. Recupera os principais argumentos desse paradigma, na relação contraditória entre o interesse e a solidariedade, tentando entender as bases que sustentam a questão da proteção social, concluindo com a análise sobre a renda de cidadania.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: paradigma da dádiva, Mauss, proteção social, renda de cidadania, política social. BEYOND THE DOMAIN OF INTEREST? GIFT, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND CITIZENSHIP INCOME The author criticizes the hegemony of the Homo oeconomicus and the utility calculation of anthropology, based on Mauss’s gift paradigm. The referred paradigm sees gift as a total fact, through which the four principles of human action are combined: interest and gratuity, obligation and freedom. It restores the paradigm’s main arguments, in the contradictory relationship between interest and solidarity, to understand the basis that support the social protection issue, summing up with the analysis on citizenship income. KEY WORDS: paradigm of gift, Mauss, social protection, citizenship income, social politics AU-DELÀ DU RÈGNE DE L’INTERÊT? DON, PROTECTION SOCIALE ET REVENU DE CITOYENNETEL’auteur fait une critique de l’hégémonie de l’Homo oeconomicus et du calcul utilitaire à partir de l’anthropologie et en se basant sur le paradigme du don de Mauss qui considère le don comme un fait total où se mêlent les quatre principes de l’action humaine: l’intérêt et le désin-téressement, l’obligation et la liberté. Les principaux arguments de ce paradigme sont récupérés, dans la relation contradictoire entre l’intérêt et la solidarité, pour essayer de comprendre les bases qui soutiennent la question de la protection sociale et en arriver à l’analyse concernant le revenu de citoyenneté.MOTS-CLÉS: paradigme du don, mauss, protection sociale, revenu de citoyenneté, politique sociale.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
AS REDES SOCIAIS, O SISTEMA DA DÁDIVA E O PARADOXO SOCIOLÓGICO
Authors: Martins Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2022

Neste texto, minha preocupação é de contribuir para o debate sobre redes sociais, numa perspectiva sociohistórica, procurando demonstrar que a teorização dessa idéia resulta da elaboração progressiva de um pensamento complexo e prático sobre a realidade social no interior da sociologia. Tal busca encontra-se presente em diversos momentos da construção de um pensamento sociológico antiutilitarista e humanizante que, desde fins do século XIX, vem valorizando a força da associação entre os homens como recurso explicativo poderoso dos movimentos coletivos e espontâneos, isto é, como recurso teórico de valor prático na construção de esferas públicas democráticas a partir da sociedade civil, fora das esferas do Estado e do mercado.  PALAVRAS-CHAVE: redes sociais, antiutilitarismo, novos paradigmas sociológicos, teoria da dádiva. SOCIAL NETWORKS, THE GIFT SYSTEM AND THE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADOX  In the following paper, my main concern is to contribute, from a socio-historic perspective, to the debate of social networks as well as to attempt to demonstrate how a recent interest on this theme emerges. In my view, it results from a search for a progressive elaboration of a complex and practical thought about social reality. This search can be found throughout the whole process of constructing an anti-utilitarian and humanizing social thought which, since the end of nineteenth century, has been stressing the positive value of human association as a powerful explicative tool for understanding collective and spontaneous social movements. This thought constitutes a theoretical resource, of a practical value, for undertaking the challenge of constructing public, democratic spheres from the forces of civil society, outside the realms of the State and the market.KEY-WORDS: social networks, anti-utilitarism, new sociological paradigms, theory of gift.  LES RESEAUX SOCIAUX, LE SYSTEME DU DON ET LE PARADOXE SOCIOLOGIQUEDans ce texte, la préoccupation est de pouvoir apporter une contribution au débat concernant les réseaux sociaux, dans une perspective sociohistorique, en essayant de démontrer que la théorisation de cette idée est le résultat de l’élaboration progressive d’une pensée complexe et pratique de la réalité sociale à l’intérieur de la sociologie. On retrouvera cette préoccupation à plusieurs reprises dans la construction d’une pensée sociologique anti-utilitariste et humanisante qui, depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, met en valeur la force de l’association entre les hommes comme un moyen explicatif puissant des mouvement collectifs et spontanés, c’est-àdire comme un moyen théorique ayant une valeur pratique dans la construction des sphères publiques démocratiques, à partir de la société civile et en dehors des sphères de l’Etat et du marché. MOTS-CLÉS: réseaux sociaux, anti-utilitarisme, nouveaux paradigmes sociologiques, théorie du don.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
COMUNIDADE, INCLUSÃO E EXCLUSÃO: uma reflexão sobre as ONGs
Authors: Soczek Daniel
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas reflexões referentes aos conceitos de comunidade e inclusão social a partir da atuação das ONGs.  Considerando as dinâmicas internas que originam e possibilitam sua perpetuação institucional e as realizações dessas organizações, sob o prisma do conceito de identidade e sua orientação para a materialização de uma proposta de recriação do conceito de comunidade, destacaremos seu importante papel em busca da eqüidade social, frente a uma sociedade complexa, passível de um processo crescente de exclusão social. Palavras-chave: ONGs, comunidade, inclusão, exclusão, democracia. Community, inclusion and exclusion: a reflection on the NGOs   The aim of this article is to present some reflections on the concepts of community and social inclusion based on the work carried out by the NGOs. Taking into account the internal dynamics they originate and that make possible their institutional perpetuity as well as the achievements of those organizations according to the concept of identity and their position to materialize a proposal of recreation of the community concept , we shall point out their important part in the search of the social equity in opposition to a complex and passive society of an increasing process of social exclusion. Key words: NGOs, community, inclu-sion, exclusion, democracy. Communauté, intégration et exclusion: une réflexion sur les ONG (organisations non gouvernamentales)   Le but de cet article est de présenter quelques réflexions concernant les concepts de communauté et intégration sociale basées sur les procédures des ONG. Tout en considerant les dynamiques internes créées par celles-ci et qui permettent leur perpétuité institutionelle ainsi que les réalisations de ces organisations, sous le point de vue du concept d´identité et leur orientation pour la matérialisation d´une proposition de récreation du concept de communauté, nous allons remarquer l´importance de leur rôle en ce qui concerne la recherche de l´équité sociale face à une societé complexe et passive d´un procéssus croissant d´exclusion sociale. Mots-clé: ONG, communauté, intégra-tion, exclusion, democratie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
IMPACTO SOBRE A FECUNDIDADE DAS MUDANÇAS NOS SISTEMAS DE GÊNERO
Authors: Zavala Maria Eugenia
Published: August 2022

Os direitos reprodutivos e sexuais, o status e o empoderamento das mulheres têm evoluído e influenciado na fecundidade latinoamericana. Alguns elementos dessas transformações têm sido analisados. No entanto essas análises o fazem de maneira parcial, fragmentada e/ou heterogênea. Neste artigo busca-se conhecer mais detalhadamente esses processos e suas interrelações, de maneira organizada e coerente. Para tanto analisou-se entrevistas biográficas, do tipo da Encuesta Demográfica retrospectiva mexicana (EDER, 1998), com histórias de vida, através das quais se examina detalhadamente os principais componentes dos sistemas de gênero no campo da família e da reprodução e  junto à população de jóvens, mais representativas das evoluções em curso. Palavras-chave: sistemas de gênero, fecundidade, nupcialidade, aborto, anti-concepção, América Latina, México. IMPACT on the FERTILITY of the changes in gender systems Women’s reproductive and sexual rights, their status and empowerment have evolved and influenced  Latin American fertility. Some elements of these transformations have been analyzed. Even though in a rather partial, fragmented and/or heterogeneous way.  In this paper, the aim is to get to know these processes into details, as well as their interrelations,  in an organized and coherent way. For this purposed, biographic interviews were made, namely the ones Publisher in the Encuesta Demográfica retrospectiva mexicana (EDER, 1998), with life histories, through which the main components of the systems of gender in the family and reproduction scope can be analyzed into details, together with the youth population, which is more representative of the ongoing evolutions. Key words: systems of gender, fertility, nuptiality, abortion, contraception, Latin América, Mexico IMPACt SUR LA FECONDITE DES CHANGEMENTS DANS LES SYSTEMES DE GENRE   Les droits reproductifs et sexuels, le statut et la prise de pouvoir des femmes a évolué et influencé la fécondité latino-américaine. Certains éléments de ces transformations ont été analysés. Bien que de manière partielle, fragmentée et/ou hétérogène. Dans cet article, on essaie de connaître de manière plus détaillée, organisée et cohérente, ces processus et leurs interrelations,. Pour ce faire, on a procédé à l’analyse d’interviews biographiques du type Encuesta Demográfica retrospectiva mexicana (EDER, 1998), avec des histoires de vie au travers desquelles on examine minutieusement les principaux composants des systèmes de genre dans le champ de la famille et de la reproduction et cela, auprès de la population des jeunes, plus représen-tative des évolutions en cours. Mots-clés: systèmes de genre, fécondité, nuptialité, avortement, contraception, Amérique-Latine, Mexique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
HISTÓRIA DAS IDÉIAS EM NELSON WERNECK SODRÉ E JOÃO CRUZ COSTA: uma saga da consciência nacional
Authors: Côrtes Norma
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa duas importantes obras publicadas em fins da década de 1950 e, considerando seus modos de configurar e narrar o curso de formação das idéias nacionalistas no Brasil, identifica forte proximidade entre Nelson Werneck Sodré e João Cruz Costa. Palavras-Chave: História da inteligência brasileira, História intelectual e Filosofia no Brasil, intelectuais e idéias nacionalistas. history OF IDEAS IN Nelson Werneck Sodré AND João Cruz Costa: the saga of a national awareness   The paper analyzes two important works published by late 1950’s. By taking into consideration their configurations and narration of the course for the formation of the nationalist ideas in Brazil, it identifies a strong proximity between Nelson Werneck Sodré and João Cruz Costa. Key words: Story of the Brazilian intelligencia, intellectual story and philosophy in Brazil, national ideas. HistOIRE DES IDEES DANS LES OEUVRES DE Nelson Werneck Sodré eT DE João Cruz Costa: une saga de la conscience nationale   Cet article analyse deux oeuvres importantes publiées vers la fin des années 1950. La manière de configurer et de narrer la formation des idées nationalistes au Brésil permet d’identifier l’existence d’une forte proximité entre Nelson Werneck Sodré et João Cruz Costa. Mots-Clés: Histoire de l’intelligence brésilienne, Histoire intellectuelle et philosophique au Brésil, intellectuels et idées nationalistes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
UMA INTELLIGENTSIA NACIONAL: grupo de Itatiaia, IBESP e os Cadernos de Nosso Tempo
Authors: Bariani Edison
Published: August 2022

O artigo empreende uma breve análise do Grupo de Itatiaia e do IBESP (Instituto Brasileiro de Economia, Sociologia e Política), identificando nele um determinado projeto político para o Brasil, o nascimento de um tipo peculiar de intelligentsia e possíveis continuidades com o ISEB (Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros), por meio da leitura e interpretação de formulações contidas em artigos dos Cadernos do Nosso Tempo. Palavras-chave:IBESP, ISEB, intelligentsia, nacionalismo, desenvolvimento. A National Intelligentsia: Itatiaia Group, IBESP and Cadernos de Nosso Tempo This paper makes a brief analysis of the Itatiaia Group and IBESP (Brazilian Institute of Economics, Sociology and Politics) and identifies a political project for Brazil; the emergence of a unique kind of intelligentsia and its eventual continuity with ISEB (Superior Institute of Brazilian Studies), by the reading and interpretation of the papers published in Cadernos do Nosso Tempo. Key words: IBESP, ISEB, intelligentsia, nationalism, development. UNE intelligentsia naTionalE: groupe de Itatiaia, IBESP et les Carnets de Notre Temps L’article entreprendre une temporaire analyse de groupe de Itatiaia et de IBESP (Institut Brésilien de Économie, Sociologie et Politique)et identifie une determinée projet politique pour le Brésil, l’naissance hors de une type propre de intelligentsia et possibles continuités à l’ ISEB (Institut Supérieur de Études Brésiliens),  à travers ressource de la lecture et interpretation hors des formulations contenée sur articles de Cadernos do Nosso Tempo. Mots-clés:IBESP, ISEB, intelligentsia, nationalisme, develóppement Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
PARA UMA ANTROPOLOGIA DO MILAGRE: Nossa Senhora, seus devotos e o Regime de Milagre
Authors: Reesink Mísia Lins
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, pretende-se discutir e analisar a composição e estruturação, na cosmologia católica, de um regime de milagre. A partir da análise antropológica dos dados obtidos através de pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre devotos de Nossa Senhora e o fenômeno de suas aparições em Angüera-BA, aparições que, em si mesmas, compõem e se fundamentam nesse regime, pretende-se observar como se constroem as relações entre o vidente, os romeiros e a imagem da Virgem, refletindo-se sobre o estabelecimento de aliança ou compromisso entre esses sujeitos. Observa-se, ainda, que o próprio regime de milagre é “permeado” por diversos pares que lhe dão forma, como fé e prova, pedir e ajuda. Palavras-chave: milagre, Nossa Senhora, aparições, devotos, catolicismo FOR The ANTHROPOLOGY OF a Miracle: Our Lady, her devotees and the Miracle This paper aims at discussing and analyzing the composition and structure of the existence of miracles within the catholic cosmology. The intention is to observe how the rela-tionships between the visionary, the pilgrims and the image of the Virgin are established, and also their reflections on the alliance or commitment amongst these subjects, based on the anthropolo-gical analysis of data obtained with an ethnographic research performed amongst Our Lady’s devotees and the phenomenon of her apparitions in Angüera-BA, based on the existence of these miracles. It can also be observed that they are permeated by pairs of relationships, namely faith/proof and request/aid. Key words:miracle, Our Lady’s apparitions, devotees, Catholicism Pour une anthropologie du miracle: Nôtre Dame, ses dévots et le Régime du Miracle Cet article se propose de discuter et d’analyser la composition et la structuration d’un régime de miracle dans la cosmologie catholique. L’analyse anthropologique des données obtenues au cours d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée auprès des dévots de Nôtre Dame ainsi que le phénomène de ses apparitions à Angüera- Bahia, apparitions qui en soi composent et se basent sur ce régime, permettent d’observer comment les relations entre l’illuminé, les pèlerins et l’image de la Vierge se construisent et combien leur reflet se fait sentir sur l’établissement d’une alliance ou d’un compromis entre ces sujets. On observe encore que le régime de miracle lui-même est “imprégné” par divers éléments qui vont de paire et lui donnent une forme, comme la foi et la preuve, demander et recevoir une aide. Mots-clés: miracle, Notre Dame, apparitions, dévots, catholicisme. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
MUTAÇÃO DE URBANIDADE EM BUENOS AIRES
Authors: Murillo Susana
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar como ocorreu, em Buenos Aires, a gestão dos espaços urbanos na construção dos corpos individuais e coletivos. Essa gestão esteve ligada aos avatares do Estado, que passou de uma gestão da vida que denegava a morte, para uma gestão da morte que denega a vida. O trabalho permite concluir que a heterogeneização, a “guetificação” e a “despacificação” dos espaços urbanos geram uma vivência de insegurança, que se expressa em manifestações que avalizam medidas de força. Para o período final do século XIX e começo do XX, trabalhou-se com documentos públicos (censos, anais de higiene, teses). Para a atualidade, trabalhou-se na análise qualitativa de cem entrevistas, além de registros obtidos na participação em manifestações realizadas em Buenos Aires, durante o ano de 2005. Palavras-chave: espaços, corpos, Estado, morte, subjetividade, Buenos Aires. URBANITY MUTATION IN BUENOS AIRES Susana Murillo     This paper aims at showing how the management of urban spaces took place in Buenos Aires in the construction of  individual and collective bodies. This management was linked to the State avatars, shifting from a management of life that refuted  death to a management of death that denies life. The paper leads to the conclusion that the heterogeneization, “ghettification” and “depacification” processes of the urban spaces generate insecurity, expressed by the manifestations that guarantee measures of strength. Public documents (census documents, hygiene proceedings and dissertations) were analyzed to cover the period between late nineteenth century  and early twentieth  century.  At the present time,   the work was carried out with the qualitative analysis of a hundred interviews, besides the records obtained with  the participation in manifestations that took place in Buenos Aires during the year 2005. Key words: spaces, bodies, State, death, subjectivity, Buenos Aires. MUTATION DE L’URBANITE A BUENOS AIRES Susana Murillo     L’objectif de ce travail est de montrer comment la gestion des espaces urbains pour la construction des ensembles individuels et collectifs a été faite à Buenos Aires. Cette gestion a été marquée par les avatars de l’Etat qui est passé d’une gestion de la vie qui récusait la mort à une gestion de la mort qui récusait la vie. L’étude permet d’arriver à la conclusion suivante, l’ “hétérogénéisation”, la “ghettification”  et la  “déespacification” des espaces urbains provoquent une ambiance d’insécurité qui s’exprime en manifestations qui cautionnent l’usage de la force. En ce qui concerne la période de la fin du XIXe, début du XXe siècle, nous avons travaillé sur des documents publics (recensements, annales d’hygiène, thèses). Pour ce qui est de l’actualité, nous avons procédé à l’analyse qualitative d’une centaine d’interviews, sans compter les enregistrements obtenus au cours de manifestions réalisées à Buenos Aires pendant l’année 2005. Mots-clés: espaces, ensembles, Etat, mort, subjectivité, Buenos Aires Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A CIDADE NAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Vasconcelos Pedro de Almeida
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é o de destacar, de forma sintética, a contribuição dos geógrafos, assim como a dos demais autores de ciências sociais, no progressivo entendimento das questões urbanas ao longo de quase dois séculos, desde o ano de 1810 até 2005. O texto é dividido em seis partes, correspondendo aos seis períodos selecionados: (i) o pré-acadêmico; (ii) o da institucionalização das ciências sociais; (iii) aquele compreendido entre as duas guerras mundiais; (iv) o dos “30 anos gloriosos”; (v) o marcado pelo início da crise atual; e, finalmente, (vi) o período atual. O artigo conclui com uma discussão sobre a dificuldade de tratar o debate atual sobre as cidades por campos disciplinares separados. Palavras-chave: cidades; questão urbana; geografia; ciências sociais. THE CITY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos       In this paper, we synthesizes the contribution of social sciences authors, particularly, the geographers, to the progressive understanding of urban issues over two centuries, from 1810 to 2005. The text is divided in six parts corresponding to the six chosen periods of time: (i) the pre-academic period; (ii) the institutionalization of social sciences; (iii) the between two wars period; (iv) the “30 glorious years”, (v) the beginning of the present crisis and (vi) the present. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the difficulty to separate by discipline, authors that are taking part of the present debate on cities. Key words: cities, urban issues, geography, social sciences. LA VILLE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos      Dans cet article, nous faisons une synthèse sur la contribution des auteurs de sciences sociales, surtout les géographes, à la compréhension progressive des questions urbaines, au long de presque deux siècles, de 1810 à 2005. Le texte est divisé en six parties correspondant aux six périodes choisies: (i) la periode pré-académique; (ii) celle de l´institutionnalisation des sciences sociales; (iii) la période de l´entre-deux-guerres; (iv) la des “30 années glorieuses”; (v) celle marqué par le début de la crise actuelle et enfin, (vi) la période actuelle. Nous concluons par une discussion sur la difficulté de séparer, par champ disciplinaire, les auteurs qui traitent du débat actuel sur les villes. Mots-clé: villes, question urbaine, géographie, sciences sociales. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
GRUPOS DE EXTERMÍNIO E ACCOUNTABILITY EM ÂMBITO MUNICIPAL
Authors: Lemos-Nelson Ana Tereza
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do problema dos grupos de extermínio contemporâneos no Brasil a partir da análise de documentos oficiais como processos, relatórios de CPIs e relatórios de Corregedorias de Polícia e Ministérios Públicos estaduais. Demonstra que tradições institucionais informais - como o patrimonialismo, e formais - como os regimes de exceção, tiveram um papel na gradual transformação que esses grupos experimentaram ao longo de séculos. Assim, milícias patrimoniais e esquadrões da morte desembocaram no fenômeno atual que atinge a maior parte do país. Apresenta ainda suas raízes municipais e os problemas que geram para a consolidação de políticas públicas federais que implementem o Estado de Direito. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: violência, grupos de extermínio, políticas públicas, direitos humanos, polícia.KILLER VIGILANTE GROUPS AND ACCOUNTABILITY AT MUNICIPAL LEVEL Ana Tereza Lemos-Nelson This paper presents an evaluation of the killer vigilante groups in present day Brazil based on the analysis of official documents such as criminal law suits, Congress hearings, and Internal Affairs departments and State Attorneys reports. It shows that informal institutional traditions – such as patrimonialism – and formal – as dictatorship situations – had a role to play in the gradual transformation those vigilante groups had through the centuries. Thus did private militiae and “death squads” become the present nationwide phenomenon. It presents yet these group’s municipal roots and the problems they generate to consolidate federal public policies that enforce human rights. KEYWORDS: violence, killer vigilante groups, public policies, human rights, police.GROUPES D’EXTERMINATION ET ACCOUNTABILITY AU NIVEAU DE LA MUNICIPALITÉ Ana Tereza Lemos-Nelson Ce travail présente une évaluation du problème des groupes contemporains d’extermination au Brésil réalisée à partir de l’analyse de documents officiels tels que des procès, des rapports de CPIs (Commissions Parlementaires d’Enquêtes) et des rapports des Tribunaux Correctionnels et des Ministères Publics des Etats. On y démontre que des traditions institutionnelles informelles - comme le patrimonialisme - et formelles - comme les régimes d’exception - ont eu une influence sur la transformation progressive de ces groupes tout au long des siècles. C’est ainsi que des milices patrimoniale  et des escadrons de la mort en sont arrivés à constituer le phénomène actuel qui s’étend sur une grande partie du pays. On  y montre aussi les racines municipales de ces groupes ainsi que les problèmes qu’ils engendrent pour la consolidation des politiques publiques fédérales qui permettent la mise en place l’Etat de Droit. MOTS-CLÉS: violence, groupes d’extermination, politiques publiques, droits de l’homme, police.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
RUMO À GLOBALIZAÇÃO – A economia brasileira e o espaço econômico mundial nas últimas décadas do século XX
Authors: Ferreira Muniz Gonçalves
Published: August 2022

O artigo enfoca as diferentes tentativas de adaptação da economia brasileira as diversas oscilações e mudanças verificadas na economia internacional ao longo das cinco últimas décadas do século XX. A partir da consideração do Brasil como uma economia periférica engajada num processo de desenvolvimento econômico, o autor concentra sua análise nas várias estratégias adotadas pelas autoridades brasileiras no sentido de enfrentar os desafios apresentados pelas circunstancias históricas, desde o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial até os primórdios da chamada globalização econômica e financeira. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasil, História econômica, relações internacionais, desenvolvimento, globalização.HEADING FOR GLOBALIZATION – The Brazilian economy and the world economical space in the last decades of the XX century Muniz Ferreira This article focuses on the different ways by which Brazilian economy has tried to fit itself into the various oscilations and changes occurried in international economy throughout the last five decades of the twentieth century. Considering the country as a peripheral economy engaged in a process of development, the author concentrates his analysis on the various strategies adopted by Brazilian authorities in order to face the challenges presented by historical circumstances, in the aftermath of World War II untill the beginings of the so called economic and financial globalization. KEYWORDS: Brazil, economical history, international relations, development, globalization.VERS LA GLOBALISATION – l’économie brésilienne et l’espace économique mondial dans les dernieres décennies du XXe siecle Muniz Ferreira L’article met l’accent sur les tentatives d’adaptation de l’économie brésilienne aux diverses oscillations et changements vérifiés au sein de l’économie internationale tout au long des cinq dernières décennies du XXe siècle. A partir du Brésil, considéré comme une économie périphérique engagée dans un processus de développement économique, l’auteur concentre son analyse sur les différentes stratégies adoptées par les autorités brésiliennes pour affronter les défis qui ont surgi des circonstances historiques depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale jusqu’aux premiers signes de ladite globalisation économique et financière. MOTS-CLÉS: Brésil, histoire économique, relations internationales, développement, globalisation.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Statins for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: August 2022

This JAMA Patient Page summarizes the US Preventive Services Task Force’s recent recommendations on using statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
Content Analysis of the Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of 9 Major Cannabis Companies in Canada and the US
Authors: Wakefield Tanner , Glantz Stanton A. , Apollonio Dorie E.
Published: August 2022

Importance

The cannabis industry has sought to normalize itself and expand its markets in the 21st century. One strategy used by companies to generate positive public relations is corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is critical to understand these efforts to influence the public and politicians given the risks of increased cannabis use.

Objectives

To analyze cannabis industry CSR behaviors, determine their characteristics, and compare their practices with those of the tobacco industry.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study of CSR activities conducted between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, evaluated 9 of the 10 largest publicly traded cannabis companies in the US and Canada. Data were collected from August 1 to December 31, 2021. The 10th company was excluded because it engaged in cannabis-based pharmaceutical sales but not CSR. A systematic review of corporate websites and Nexis Uni was performed, resulting in collection of 153 news articles, press releases, and Web pages. Charitable and philanthropic actions were included. Themes were identified and interpreted using modified grounded theory.

Main Outcomes and Measures

CSR activities and spending.

Results

Nine major cannabis companies in the US and Canada engaged in CSR activities that encouraged increased consumption and targeted marginalized communities. Companies claimed these activities would mitigate the harms of cannabis prohibition, promote diversity, expand access to medical cannabis, and support charitable causes. They developed educational programs, sustainability initiatives, and voluntary marketing codes and used strategies similar to those used by tobacco companies to recruit public interest organizations as allies.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that cannabis companies developed CSR strategies comparable to those used by the tobacco industry to influence regulation, suggesting that cannabis companies should be included when addressing commercial determinants of health.