bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of specific viral infections with childhood asthma exacerbations
Authors: Hassanzad Maryam , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Darougar Sepideh , Tashayoie-Nejad Sabereh , Boloursaz Mohammad Reza , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Baghaie Nooshin , Ghaffaripour Hosseinali , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Asthma exacerbations may occur due to a variety of triggers including respiratory viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the role of particular viral infections in asthma exacerbations in children.

Materials and methods

The study was performed at Dr. Daneshvari Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between 2014 and 2015. A nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab was obtained from each patient during admission. All samples were maintained at 4 °C until submission to the virology laboratory and were tested for respiratory viruses by nucleic acid testing.

Results

A total of 60 patients with asthma exacerbations were recruited for this study. Of the 60 samples collected from the patients with acute asthma exacerbations, rhinovirus was detected in 12 patients (20%), respiratory syncytial virus in 5 (8%), adenovirus in 5 (8%), and influenza virus in 1 (1.6%). Respiratory pathogens were not detected in 37 (61%) samples. All the samples investigated showed single viral infection.

Conclusions

To conclude, the most common viruses detected were rhinovirus followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus. RSV was more commonly associated with more severe attacks. Both the study design (e.g., time of sampling, age of the patients, etc.) and also the method used for viral detection influence the frequency of detection of the respiratory viruses.
Experience of thyroid surgery at tertiary referral centers in Jazan Hospitals, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Fahd , Ahmed Mohammed Rifaat
Published: October 2018

Background

Benign multinodular goiter (BMNG) is a common disease of the thyroid gland with palpable thyroid nodules that may be detected in 0.8%–1.5% of men and 5.3%–6.4% of women. Three major complications could be detected after total thyroidectomy: hemorrhage, recurrent laryngeal paralysis, and hypoparathyroidism.

Aims

The aim of this study was to review and assess the experience of total thyroidectomy in patients with BMNG at tertiary referral centers in Jazan Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients diagnosed with BMNG and subjected to primary total thyroidectomy. Operative mortality and major complications [bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, and hypoparathyroidism] were recorded.

Results

Postoperative hemorrhage was reported in four patients (1.25%). Bilateral RLN injuries occurred in two patients (0.6%), whereas unilateral RLN injuries occurred in nine patients (2.8%). Permanent hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in three patients (0.9%), while transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in eight patients (2.5%) and improved after 4 months.

Conclusions

Total thyroidectomy represents today the treatment of choice for BMNG. Proper preoperative preparations, meticulous surgical dissection with careful follow-up of patients will improve the surgical results and reduce postoperative complications.
Poor diagnostic performance of a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) platform for malaria
Authors: Kollenda Hans , Hagen Ralf Matthias , Hanke Miriam , Rojak Sandra , Hinz Rebecca , Wassill Lars , Poppert Sven , Tannich Egbert , Frickmann Hagen
Published: October 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to assess an in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) platform for malaria parasite detection and identification on species level.

Methods: LAMP primers specific for the human Plasmodium spp., namely, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, as well as genus-specific primers, were tested against a composite gold standard comprising microscopy from thick and thin blood films, commercial genus-specific Meridian illumigene Malaria LAMP, in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and commercial fast-track diagnostics (FTD) Malaria differentiation PCR.

Results: Of the 523 blood samples analyzed, the composite gold standard indicated 243 Plasmodium-species-DNA-containing samples (46.5%). Sensitivity and specificity of the analyzed genus- and species-specific LAMP primers were 71.0%–100.0% and 90.8%–100.0%, respectively. The influence of parasitemia was best documented for P. falciparum-specific LAMP with sensitivity values of 35.5% (22/62) for microscopically negative samples containing P. falciparum DNA, 50% (19/38) for parasitemia ≤50/μL, 84% (21/25) for parasitemia ≤500/μL, and 100% (92/92) for parasitemia >500/μL.

Conclusions: In our hands, performance characteristics of species-specific in-house LAMP for malaria lack reliability required for diagnostic laboratories. The use of the easy-to-apply technique for surveillance purposes may be considered.
Online social networking addiction and depression: The results from a large-scale prospective cohort study in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Li Ji-Bin , Mo Phoenix K. H. , Lau Joseph T. F. , Su Xue-Fen , Zhang Xi , Wu Anise M. S. , Mai Jin-Cheng , Chen Yu-Xia
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

The aim of this study is to estimate the longitudinal associations between online social networking addiction (OSNA) and depression, whether OSNA predicts development of depression, and reversely, whether depression predicts development of OSNA.

Methods

A total of 5,365 students from nine secondary schools in Guangzhou, Southern China were surveyed at baseline in March 2014, and followed up 9 months later. Level of OSNA and depression were measured using the validated OSNA scale and CES-D, respectively. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to estimate the longitudinal associations between OSNA and depression.

Results

Adolescents who were depressed but free of OSNA at baseline had 1.48 times more likely to develop OSNA at follow-up compared with those non-depressed at baseline [adjusted OR (AOR): 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.93]. In addition, compared with those who were not depressed during the follow-up period, adolescents who were persistently depressed or emerging depressed during the follow-up period had increased risk of developing OSNA at follow-up (AOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 2.51–4.75 for persistent depression; AOR: 4.47, 95% CI: 3.33–5.99 for emerging depression). Reversely, among those without depression at baseline, adolescents who were classified as persistent OSNA or emerging OSNA had higher risk of developing depression compared with those who were no OSNA (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01–2.69 for persistent OSNA; AOR: 4.29; 95% CI: 3.17–5.81 for emerging OSNA).

Conclusion

The findings indicate a bidirectional association between OSNA and depression, meaning that addictive online social networking use is accompanied by increased level of depressive symptoms.
Sleepiness and impulsivity: Findings in non-treatment seeking young adults
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Although inadequate sleep has been linked to problematic behaviors, such as poor impulse control and emotion dysregulation, little research interest has been the role of sleep and sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in young adults. To further examine the relationship of sleepiness to impulsivity and impulsive behaviors, this study was designed to collect data on sleepiness, and a range of impulse control disorders and cognitive measures.

Methods

Young non-treatment-seeking adults were recruited from two US cities and completed a screening form for sleepiness, along with demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures relevant to impulsivity. Relationships between these explanatory variables and total sleepiness scores were analyzed using partial least squares. Significant explanatory variables were identified (p < .05, bootstrap).

Results

Higher levels of sleepiness were significantly associated with higher ADHD symptoms, gambling disorder symptoms, Internet addiction symptoms, and personality-related impulsiveness. Sleepiness was also associated with set-shifting errors, and with gambling more points (abnormal decision-making), but not with significant impairment in response to inhibition, or other aspects of decision-making.

Conclusions

This study confirms a cross-sectional relationship between sleepiness and a range of impulsive measures at the level of behavior (ADHD, gambling, and Internet addiction) and personality traits. Longitudinal research would be required to explore causal mechanisms and the direction of any such effects. Screening for such mental health diagnoses in people with sleep problems may be valuable, as enquiring patients with such impulsive symptoms about sleep, in order to maximize quality of life.
May the passion be with you: The addictive potential of collectible card games, miniatures, and dice of the Star Wars universe
Authors: Calvo Fran , Carbonell Xavier , Oberst Ursula , Fuster Héctor
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

In recent years, we have witnessed a growing research interest in behavioral addictions and in pleasurable behaviors that generate a certain discomfort in the people who engage in them. The objective of this study was to assess if users of collectible card games, miniatures, and dice from the Star Wars Universe Games (SWUG) may also present criteria of addiction and if the presence of these criteria is related to demographic variables, game-playing habits, and other variables.

Methods

SWUG players were contacted through specialized gaming chats, and 218 of them completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS-SF9), a scale that assesses motivation to engage in the game (Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Scale), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a question for the self-assessment of addiction.

Results

Significant predictors of addictive symptoms were the motivation to seek dissociation and (negatively) self-esteem. Users more significantly dedicate indirect hours to the game (thinking about the game, preparing material, etc.) than to actually playing. No participant could be considered pathologically addicted, as no one scored above the tentative cut-off point of the IGDS-SF9.

Discussion and conclusions

Despite the fact that many players considered themselves “addicted” and some presented various economic and family problems related to their activity, it was found that playing these games could not be equated to true addictive behavior, since no player had scores above the cut-off point. This finding contributes to current discussions about the tendency to overestimate excessive pleasurable behaviors.
Chinese adaptation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test and prevalence estimate of Internet gaming disorder among adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chuan , Pan Yuan-Chien , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an increasingly important topic and has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) research criteria. This study aims to validate the Chinese version of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), a self-reported questionnaire based on DSM-5 IGD criteria, and to estimate the prevalence of IGD in adolescents.

Methods

The IGDT-10 was translated to Chinese as a 10-item questionnaire rated on a 3-point Likert scale to evaluate the symptoms of IGD. Overall, 8,110 students from grade four to senior high who played Internet games were administered the questionnaire. In addition, 76 senior high-school students were interviewed using DSM-5 criteria to determine the optimal cut-off point that ensures adequate sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. The cut-off point was determined using the Youden’s index and optimal diagnostic accuracy.

Results

The Chinese version of the IGDT-10 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .85) and adequate diagnostic efficiency (area under the curve = 0.810). Through interviews, the optimal cut-off point was determined to be five out of the nine criteria (Youden’s index: 42.1%, diagnostic accuracy: 86.8%, sensitivity: 43.8%, and specificity: 98.3%). In this study, the prevalence of IGD among adolescent gamers was 3.1%.

Conclusion

Findings evidence the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the IGDT-10 in the assessment of IGD.
Money does not talk: The image of money talks
Authors: Deli Eszter , Németh Gabriella
Published: October 2018

There is an observable discrepancy between the real and virtual economy, as money stopped being the tool and essence of capitalism and the economy in the postmodern era. Money has become a purpose, a simulation, a viral virtual image. For this reason, we should rather say that it is no longer money, but the image of money that talks. The transparent digital convergence culture creates a borderless second world for the economy. This economy and our attitude towards it have never been so far removed from reality. Communication, information and economy have lost their referential nature. As soon as we get in contact with the virtual/digital world, we open our eyes onto the image and the transparency of images. A visual metaphor is a visual rhetorical tool that strives to express messages, to place emphasis on certain aspects of messages, and to convey a persuasive message. This paper aims to demonstrate visual metaphor chains that set a mirror between the real and virtual economy and that serve to show the changed attitude towards money. We illustrate our theoretical approach by analysing the multimodal metaphors that appear in a video clip from popular culture.
Prenatal hypoxia–ischemia decreases spatial memory and increases aggression during adolescence
Authors: Indriawati R , Aswin S , Susilowati R , Partadiredja G
Published: October 2018

Prenatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and chronic neurological diseases in newborns. HI contributes to the emergence of several neurological disorders such as cognitive and behavioral deficits due to the atypical brain development. This study aimed at assessing the effects of prenatal HI on the spatial memory and aggression of rats during adolescence. Pregnant rats were divided into treatment and control groups. The rats of the treatment groups underwent unilateral ligation of the uterine artery on pregnancy day 7, 12, or 17. The offspring of these rats were tested for spatial memory and aggression when they reached 33 days of age. It has been found that the percentages of alternations in the Y-maze and the number of crossings in the Morris water maze tests of the HI groups were lower than those of the control groups. The total offense and defense aggression scores of the HI groups were higher than those of the control groups. In conclusion, the longer the duration of HI, the more deficits it causes in the spatial memory and aggression of rats during adolescence.
Effects of side-dominance on knee joint proprioceptive target-matching asymmetries
Authors: Galamb K , Szilágyi B , Magyar OM , Hortobágyi T , Nagatomi R , Váczi M , Négyesi J
Published: October 2018

Aims

Right- and left-side-dominant individuals reveal target-matching asymmetries between joints of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs. However, it is unclear if such asymmetries are also present in lower limb’s joints. We hypothesized that right-side-dominant participants perform knee joint target-matching tasks more accurately with their non-dominant leg compared to left-side-dominant participants.

Methods

Participants performed position sense tasks using each leg by moving each limb separately and passively on an isokinetic dynamometer.

Results

Side-dominance affected (p < 0.05) knee joint absolute position errors only in the non-dominant leg but not in the dominant leg: right-side-dominant participants produced less absolute position errors (2.82° ± 0.72°) with the non-dominant leg compared to left-side-dominant young participants (3.54° ± 0.33°).

Conclusions

In conclusion, right-side-dominant participants tend to perform a target-matching task more accurately with the non-dominant leg compared to left-side-dominant participants. Our results extend the literature by showing that right-hemisphere specialization under proprioceptive target-matching tasks may be not evident at the lower limb joints.
A szívbetegek rehabilitációjának sportos arca
Authors: Apor Péter
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

The prognosis of cardiac and other diseases is highly determined by the level of cardiopulmonary fitness (aerobic capacity). The main purposes of rehabilitative activities include the restoration and increase of VO2max. The “classic” method is the continuous aerobic exercise (moderate-intensity continuous exercise). The higher increase of aerobic capacity in a shorter time can be developed by interval loads: shorter or longer active periods are interspersed by low-intensity rest periods. A recent form is the high-intensity interval training: 0.5–4 minutes on 70–90% of the aerobic capacity followed by a rest or low-intensity biking/walking/jogging/any activity. The sprint interval training uses a few ten seconds of maximal intensity bursts changed with longer low-intensity activities. The advantages of the interval methods are shorter training time, less monotony, higher efficiency with not more risks. Interval training methods are applied also in other pathologies without disadvantages. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(33): 1346–1352.
Újabb ismeretek a szövetépítés (tissue engineering) lehetőségeiről a kézsebészetben. Irodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Bíró Vilmos
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

In the past decades, an exponential acceleration in the development of tissue engineering methods has taken place. This accelerated expansion can be found in hand surgery, too, and tissue replacements can be applied with the aid of various scaffolds. In his review article, the author discusses the present possibilities of tissue engineering in cases of the tendons, ligaments, nerves, bone- and cartilage tissues, and vascular injuries. These pioneering experimental results and promising novel technologies may play an important role in reconstructive hand surgery in the immediate future. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(34): 1385–1389.
Arcrekonstrukciós és orthognath műtétek tervezési lehetőségei háromdimenziós képalkotói módszerekkel
Authors: Dobai Adrienn , Markella Zsolt , Vízkelety Tamás , Barabás József
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

We summarize up-to-date planning technics of orthognathic and reconstructive surgery operation which appeared with three-dimensional imaging, using literature data and some clinical examples. In many cases, orthognathic and reconstructive operations mean the only treatment of facial deformity caused by tumour, traumatic injury or congenital anomaly. In this field, radiology plays an important role not only in the diagnosis but also in the planning of the treatment. With the appearance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the previously used two-dimensional cephalometric analysis on lateral cephalogram was changed for three-dimensional cephalometric measurements. The first step of the adaptation was the lateral and frontal x-ray images generated from the CBCT database and later the volume rendered surface and segmentation technics provided the moving of the facial bones in three dimensions which meant virtual surgical planning. With the development of CAD/CAM technic and the three-dimensional printing, many opportunities became available, such as preoperative bending splints and plates and printed surgical model for the tangible planning. The progress of imaging facilitated the individual, accurate, and reliable planning which significantly determines the success of the treatment. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(39): 1584–1592.
Nemszteroid gyulladáscsökkentők okozta adverz reakciók differenciáldiagnosztikája. In vitro és in vivo módszerek
Authors: Baló-Banga József Mátyás , Schweitzer Katalin
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: According to the present knowledge, the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) depends on the inhibitory ratio of cyclooxigenase (COX)-1 to COX-2 in the plasma membranes. In addition to cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects, there are adverse symptoms which can be divided into cross-intolerance (non-immune mediated) and single or multiple hypersensitive (immune mediated) reactions. Due to clinical phenotypes and to in vivo aspirin reactivity, adverse effects could be further classified. Aim: The aim of these studies was a comparison of hit ratios obtained by a humoral serum test measuring specific immunglobulin E (IgE) against a rapid cellular test measuring interleukin (IL)-6 release from sensitized mononuclear cells due to various suspect NSAID after symptoms within one year. Retrospective case studies were performed in in- and out-patients of our teaching hospital in Budapest, between 2003 and 2013. Method: Specific anti-NSAID IgE levels were determined by ELISA in 55 cases. The other matching group of patients consisted of 51 patients and 9 tolerant persons. Their separated cells’ supernatants were checked for IL-6 release incubated for 20 minutes by NSAID dilutions including intraassay controls by two-step ELISA assay. Both groups have been stratified according to “new” clinical classification. Results: Results have disclosed no significant differences among the distribution of clinical symptoms between the two groups. In both groups, 9 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were tested representing all frequently used compounds with COX-1 inhibitory potential. The overall positivity rate was nearly double (65.4% against 36.9%) within the group using IL-6 release assay against that with specific IgE as the diagnostic tool. In certain cases, non-drug components of commercial preparations prompted IL-6 release as well which was paralleled by in vivo test results. Positive in vitro tests were obtained in both groups with clinically cross-intolerant as well as single or multiple sensitized cases. Conclusion: The rates of single or multiple sensitized cases exceeded in both groups that of cross-intolerant patients. In some phenotypes belonging to the latter categories, IgE type antibodies against acetylsalicylic acid could be detected as well. IL-6 release assay was the more sensitive test. In addition to pure drugs, other ingredients of medicines could also be responsible for adverse events. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1556–1566.
Menekültek, migránsok az alapellátásban. Mit tanulhattunk az EUR-HUMAN projekt eredményeiből?
Authors: Rurik Imre , Kolozsvári László Róbert , Aarendonk Diederik , Angelaki Agapi , Ajdukovic Dean , Dowrick Christopher , Dückers Michel , Hoffmann Kathryn , Jancsó Zoltán , Jirovsky Elena , Katz Zoltán , Mechili Enkeleint-Aggelos , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Nánási Anna , Petelos Elena , Rotar-Pavlic Danica , Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra , Tamás Hajnalka , Roland Palla , Ungvári Tímea , Lionis Christos
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

In 2015, local wars, starvation and misery in some Middle Eastern, Asian and African countries forced millions of people to leave their homelands. Many of these people migrated toward Europe, reaching Hungary as well. The refugee crisis created significant challenges for all national healthcare systems across Europe. Limited attention has been given to the extent to which health service provision for refugees and migrants has become a task for primary health care (PHC), which has been unprepared as a profession and pressured by the enormous workload. Hungarian primary care was involved only to an extent in the refugees’ health care, as most of the migrants entering Hungary wanted to move forward to other countries. The need for evidence-based patient-centred interventions to assess refugee healthcare needs, and for training programmes for rapid capacity-building for integrated PHC was addressed by the EUropean Refugees – HUman Movement and Advisory Network (EUR-HUMAN) project, which 7 European countries developed together. The overall aim of the EUR-HUMAN project is to enhance the knowledge and expertise of European member states who accept refugees and migrants in addressing their health needs, safeguarding them from risks, while at the same time to minimize cross-border health risks. This initiative focuses on addressing the early arrival period, transition and longer-term settlement of refugees in European host countries. A primary objective of this project is to identify, design and assess interventions to improve PHC delivery for refugees and migrants with a focus on vulnerable groups. The structure, the main focus and outputs of the project are described and summarized in this paper, providing relevant information and access to educational materials for Hungarian (primary care) physicians. The EUR-HUMAN project was operated in 2016 under the auspices of the European Commission and funded by the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA). Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(35): 1414–1422.
A PET/CT szerepe a sugárkezelésre kerülő betegek N és M klinikai stagingjében, a terápia meghatározásában. Intézeti tapasztalatok
Authors: Kovács Árpád , Sipos Dávid , Lukács Gábor , Tóth Zoltán , Vecsera Tímea , Kedves András , Cselik Zsolt , Pandur Attila András , Bajzik Gábor , Repa Imre , Hadjiev Janaki
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: The aim of our study was to investigate changes in clinical staging N (lymph node) and M (distant metastasis) in patients who receive PET/CT-based 3D radiotherapy within complex oncological treatment, and compare to conventional cross-sectional imaging staging technique. We also investigated the presence of PET/CT-detected second tumors and the effect of PET/CT on therapeutic decisions. Method: From the 1st of January 2015 to the 30th of November 2016, 192 patients (n = 192) were treated with PET/CT-based radiation (109 head, 44 lung, 28 rectum and 11 cervical localization) in the Oncoradiology Institute of the Health Center of the University of Kaposvár. All patients received conventional cross-sectional and PET/CT imaging in accordance with the valid investigation protocol. The average time interval between the two cross-sectional investigations was 5.2 weeks. Clinical N and M staging was performed on the basis of the classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union of International Cancer Control (UICC). Results: By analyzing the clinical stages N and M separately, based on the results of the PET/CT studies, the N stage was changed in 77 cases and the M stage changed in 31 cases. Overall, the PET/CT study resulted in higher clinical stages in 68 (35.4%) patients and lower clinical stages in 14 (7.3%) patients. The treatment plan was changed in 9% of the patients (n = 18) (definitive versus palliative treatment) and the extension of radiotherapy treatment target volume (PTV) was indicated in 20% of the patients (n = 39) due to the change in clinical lymph node status. PET/CT also detected secondary tumors in 15 (8%) patients. Conclusion: Based on our results, the addition of PET/CT to conventional cross-sectional staging imaging permits a more accurate clinical classification of N and M stages and significantly influences therapeutic decisions. PET/CT imaging also provides a great help in detecting occult second tumors. The results of our Institute harmonize with the international data available in the literature. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(39): 1593–1601.
BEHAVIOR OF CORTISOL, CK AND LACTATE IN A SESSION OF VARIABLE RESISTANCE
Authors: Ojeda Álvaro Huerta , Ríos Luis Chirosa , Barrilao Rafael Guisado , Ojeda Ximena Huerta
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Complex Training (CT) has been used to achieve Post-activation Potentiation (PAP) of physical capabilities and, in doing so, improve the sports performance of athletes. However, few studies have considered alterations in serum Cortisol, Metabolic Creatine Kinase (MB-CK), Total Creatine Kinase (Total-CK), and Lactate concentrations ([La]) resulting from this training method. Objective: This study determined the behavior of the following blood serum substances in a CT session: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total CK and [La]. Method: Ten military athlete volunteers aged 28.5 ± 4.8 years; 66.2 ± 2.8 kg, 171.4 ± 3.7 cm, 22.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2; 11.3 ± 2.9% of fat tissue took part in the study. The study had a quasi-experimental, intrasubject design. The variable measurements were: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total-CK, and [La], measured before physical exercise and 24 hours post-stress. The CT session consisted of: four series of five repetitions at 30% of 1RM, plus four repetitions at 60% of 1RM, plus three throws of a 575 g projectile, 15 seconds apart. The statistical analysis was carried out through repeated measure ANOVA for Lactate and a Wilcoxon Matched Pairs t-Test for Cortisol, MB-CK and Total-CK. Results: There was no evidence of alterations in the indicators for fatigue ([La] p = 0.36), and muscular injury (Cortisol p = 0.16; MB-CK p = 0.23; Total-CK p = 0.64) after the training sessions. Conclusion: Variables for muscular injury showed no evidence of alterations 24 hours after the CT sessions, hence confirming that the workload did not generate significant post-stress muscular injury. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic Study: Investigating Treatment Results.
EFFECTS OF ELASTIC WRAP ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND ISOMETRIC FORCE OF KNEE EXTENSORS
Authors: Freitas Fábio Sisconeto de , Gomes Willy Andrade , Marchetti Paulo Henrique
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The elastic knee wrap (EKW) is a device used by powerlifters, weightlifters and subjects undergoing strength training with the aim of stabilizing the knee joint and increasing the development of strength (carryover effect). Objective: To compare the effects of elastic knee wrap use on muscular activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) and on knee extension force during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) on the knee extensor chair. Methods: The study included 18 healthy male strength trained (>1 year) subjects (age: 25.56 ± 4.84 years, total body mass: 81.83 ± 8.73 kg, height: 176 cm ± 5.17). Three five-second maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the knee extensors were performed with a 10-second interval between attempts, for each experimental condition: control (C), with elastic knee wrap (EKW), and with tensor (T). The performance of the knee extensors and VL muscle activity were evaluated. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the dependent variables (carryover, peak force, IEMG and Impulse). Results: For carryover, the use of EKW presented a higher value (74.21%) than the control condition (p <0.001, d = 0.96) and was 79.37% higher than the tensor (p <0.001, d = 0.97). Peak force was 12.2% higher in condition C compared to EKW (p = .018, d = 0.71). For impulse, the control condition presented an increase of 8% compared to EKW use (p = .015, d = 0.62). No significant differences were observed for IEMG. Conclusion: Elastic knee wrap use increased strength production capacity during knee extension. The removal of the mechanical effect originating from carryover during MVIC reduces the strength performance of the knee extensors, but not the muscular activation of the VL. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE COMBINED WITH APELIN-13 ON CARDIAC FUNCTION IN THE ISOLATED RAT HEART
Authors: Nazari Afshin , Zahabi Khadige , Azizi Yaser , Moghimian Maryam
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Exercise and apelin have been shown to increase cardiac function and elicit tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injuries. This study aimed at determining whether the combination of exercise training and apelin pretreatment could integrate the protective effects of each of them in the heart against IR injury. Male rats were divided into four experimental groups: 1: Rats with ischemia/reperfusion (IR), 2: subjected to exercise training for 8 weeks (EX+IR), 3: apelin-13 (10 nmol/kg/day) for 7 days (Apel+IR) in the last week of training, and 4: exercise training plus apelin-13 (EX+Apel+IR). Isolated hearts were perfused using the Langendorff method and subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Treadmill exercise training was conducted for 8 weeks. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias, myocardial infarct size (IS), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured in all animals. Administration of apelin-13 plus exercise increased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) at the end of ischemia and reperfusion compared with other groups. After 30 min of ischemia, dP/dtmax was higher in EX+Apel+IR than in Apel+IR and EX+IR groups. During 30 min ischemia, exercise training, apelin-13 and combined treatment produced a significant reduction in the numbers of premature ventricular complexes. A combination of exercise and apelin-13 also reduced infarct size, CK-MB, LDH and severity of arrhythmia. These results suggest that combined therapies with apelin-13 and exercise training may integrate the beneficial effects of each of them alone on cardiac contractility, arrhythmia and limiting of infarct size. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.
CSA and slag: towards CSA composite binders
Authors: Bertola Federica , Gastaldi Daniela , Canonico Fulvio , Paul Geo
Published: October 2018

Green binders, eco-friendly cementitious materials, low embedded carbon dioxide cements: different names for products aimed at reducing the environmental impact of cement production. Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements offer a valid alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) since they couple the advantages of a lower environmental impact during production with high early-age performance and dimensional stability. Their use is now increasing due to the development of dedicated standard processes. The combination of CSA cement with OPC has been widely investigated and a few products have been developed and are already available on the market. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are widely used to improve the durability performance and lower the clinker content. High levels of substitution have allowed for improvements of performance indicators in terms of carbon dioxide emissions, but mechanical strengths at early ages can be affected. The combination of sulfoaluminate cement, OPC and SCMs opens the route towards innovative composite binders that offer good mechanical performance and significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.
Scottish cycling pavement assessment using hand–arm vibration exposure
Authors: Taylor Mark D , Edgar Alan , Raine Matthew
Published: October 2018

A defective pavement surface discourages cyclists from selecting certain routes, and vibration exposure is a noticeable consequence of reduced path surface quality. Current asset management practice includes walkover surveys and cyclists reporting defects directly to the local authority. This research proposes the use of an instrumented probe bicycle to collect data for the assessment of pavement condition and rider comfort. Furthermore, the collection of hand–arm vibration exposure data is proposed as a means of assessing pavement surface condition and suitability. Hand–arm vibration exposure has been measured in compliance with BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001. Root-mean-square vibration total values, vibration dose value and exposure values (15, 30 and 60 min) are provided for 13·682 km of pavement surface in Edinburgh, Scotland. The vibration exposure values are compared to those recommended by EU Directive 2002/44/EC. Power spectral analysis is also performed to determine the power transferred to the cyclist’s hands and arms. The collated vibration data may be used as a means of assessing pavement surface condition. Such data may prove beneficial for local authority asset management associated with resurfacing or repair works.
A new climatic chamber for studying soil–atmosphere interaction in physical models
Authors: Lozada Catalina , Caicedo Bernardo , Thorel Luc
Published: October 2018

A new climatic chamber at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia has been designed and built to simulate atmosphere. It has been instrumented to measure various environmental variables, including relative humidity (RH), wind velocity, radiation and temperature. The climatic chamber has been calibrated so that it properly simulates each environmental variable as well as the heat-transfer mechanisms that affect desiccation in soil layers. First, a potential evaporation test was performed in a container filled with water. The weight of the water evaporated was measured, and the interaction with the artificial atmosphere was studied. Then, an actual evaporation test was performed on a soil layer, and the relations among environmental variables and soil properties such as soil temperature, water content and suction were determined. The principal results show the existence of a gradient of RH at the soil–atmosphere interface. Also, a comparison between potential and actual evaporation indicates that suction is the main soil property that affects the actual evaporation rate.
Farklı toprak özelliklerine bağlı toprak kabuk oluşumu
Authors: İMAMOĞLU Ali , ERASLAN Selim , COŞKUN Adem , SAYGIN Fikret , DENGİZ Orhan
Published: October 2018

Toprak insanoğlunun en önemli doğal kaynaklarından birisidir. Erozyon gibi sebeplerle topraklarımız taşınarak yok olmaktadır. Mevcut toprak varlığımız ise fiziksel ve kimyasal olarak bozularak verimsizleşmektedir. Toprakların korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanımı konusunda yapılan çalışmalar arttırılmalıdır. Toprak yüzeyinde kabuk veya kaymak tabakası oluşması özellikle eğimli ve yüzey örtüsü zayıf alanlarda önemli bir toprak problemidir. Bu çalışma, Gediz çayı havzası içerisinde bulunan Ilıcak ve Kumçayı havzalarında yapılmıştır. Sahanın toplam alanı 16.645 ha’dır. Batı kesimi alçak ova niteliğinde arazilerden oluşurken, doğuda tepelik dağlık araziler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma Ilıcak ve Kumçayı havza alanı içerisinde yer alan toprakların kabuk oluşumunun durumunu ve sebeplerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle araştırma sahasından farklı arazi kullanım ve arazi örtüsü altında 700m x 700 m grit aralıklarla toplam 318 adet toprak örneği yüzeyden (0-20 cm) toplanmıştır. Laboratuvar analizleri sonrası elde edilen sonuçlar, kabuk oluşum durumu hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, araştırma sahası topraklarının yaklaşık %80’inde, toprakta kabuk oluşum miktarı çok yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sahasının güney kesiminde ise düşük sınıflı kabuk oluşum alanları görülmektedir. Kabuk oluşumunun önüne geçmek için toprakların agregatlaşmasının arttırılması, toprağa organik madde ilave edilmesi önemli mücadele yöntemlerindendir. Ayrıca, mevcut sulama tekniklerinin gözden geçirilerek, uygun sulama sistemleri kullanılması faydalı olacaktır. Mera arazilerinde ise aşırı otlatma gibi sebepler kabuk oluşumu ve erozyonu tetiklemektedir.
Experiências de sofrimento e enfrentamento no ingressar ao ensino superior: narrativa autobiográfica
Authors: Silva Ricardo Marinho , Daltro Mônica Ramos
Published: October 2018

A universidade desde o descobrimento do Brasil organiza-se de forma a atender as demandas da elite brasileira. Nas últimas décadas, foram implantadas políticas públicas de democratização do ensino superior voltados para a redução das desigualdades históricas, evidenciando a necessidade de discutir a experiência desses novos grupos sociais no contexto universitário. O presente texto apresenta o percurso de ingresso no ensino superior de um jovem negro de classe média baixa no nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de uma narrativa autobiográfica inspirada na cartografia que permitiu discutir a experiência de sofrimento psíquico, enfrentamento e amadurecimento identitário vividas no percurso entre uma instituição privada e outra pública. O trabalho da cartografia não focaliza a descrição de fatos, discute o grau de importância das coisas, não a partir da perspectiva da importância social, mas daquilo que irrompe do corpo. Assim apresenta uma trajetória singular que ao narrar o percurso de sofrer e enfrentar adversidades, discutindo como o processo de ampliação das vagas no ensino superior se coloca como um fenômeno complexo e social historicamente construído, que envolve mais do que estruturas educacionais de metodologias, currículos, estruturas pedagógicas e corpo docente de expertises ou uma subjetividade privada, mas demanda a implementação cuidadosa de outras políticas públicas de assistência social e psicológica que deem sustentação às experiências de pertencimento, cuidados com a saúde mental.
КИНЕТИКА КАТОДНОГО ПРОЦЕССА ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА НА ДИСИЛИЦИДЕ КОБАЛЬТА, АНОДНО ОКИСЛЕННОМ В 0.5 М H2SO4 ПРИ ВЫСОКИХ ПОТЕНЦИАЛАХ
Authors: Kichigin V. I. , Shein A. B.
Published: October 2018

Изучена кинетика катодной реакции выделения водорода в 0.5 М H2SO4 на CoSi2-электроде, анодно окисленном при потенциалах формирования оксида Ef в интервале от 2.0 до 4.0 В (с.в.э.), включающем области вторичной пассивации CoSi2 и выделения кислорода. Установлено, что для электродов, окисленных при Ef > 2 В, наблюдается тенденция к увеличению скорости катодной реакции с ростом Ef. Результаты объяснены на основе предположения, что реакция выделения водорода на окисленном CoSi2-электроде протекает на границе оксид/раствор с участием электронов, туннелирующих через тонкую оксидную пленку. Значительная роль в туннельном переносе электронов отводится точечным дефектам в оксидной пленке, возникающим при потенциалах выделения кислорода.
СТРУКТУРА КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОСТЕННЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК И ОКСИДА ОЛОВА
Authors: Nesov S. N. , Korusenko P. M. , Bolotov V. V. , Povoroznyuk S. N. , Ivlev К. Е.
Published: October 2018

Методами рентгеноэлектронной спектроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии исследована морфология, структура и состав композитов на основе многостенных углеродных нанотрубок и оксида олова, сформированных с применением двух различных методов для осаждения оксида олова: метода химического газофазного осаждения и метода магнетронного распыления. Полученные данные позволили изучить особенности дефектообразования и изменения химического состояния углерода в стенках многостенных углеродных нанотрубок в процессе формирования композитов, а также исследовать тип взаимодействия оксида олова с внешними стенками углеродных нанотрубок на межфазных интерфейсах композитов, сформированных различными методами.

 

Авторы выражают благодарность к. х. н. Стенькину Ю. А., Росликову В. Е. за проведение синтеза исходных МУНТ и композитов методом магнетронного распыления, а также Д. А. Смирнову и администрации российско-германского канала синхротронного накопителя BESSY II (Берлин, Германия) за помощь в проведении измерений методами XPS и XANES. Авторы благодарят руководство ОмЦКП СО РАН за предоставление оборудования для исследования образцов методами SEM и EDX.

Работа выполнена по государственному заданию ОНЦ СО РАН в соответствии с Программой фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук на 2013-2020 годы по направлению II.9, проект № II.9.2.1 (номер госрегистрации в системе ЕГИСУ НИОКТР АААА-А17-117041210227-8), а также при частичной поддержке гранта РФФИ № 18-32-00233 мол_а, в части анализа композитов методом SEM.
ЭЛЛИПСОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ КОНСТАНТ СЕРЕБРЯНЫХ ШЕРОХОВАТЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Tcibulnikova A. V. , Konstantinova E. I. , Zybin A. Y. , Slezhkin V. A. , Bryukhanov V. V. , Samusev I. G. , Maksimova K. Yu.
Published: October 2018

Исследованы оптические и диэлектрические свойства шероховатых поверхностей пленок серебра, полученных электрохимическим методом. Определены коэффициенты отражения p- и s-поляризованного света на различных серебряных шероховатых поверхностях, проанализированы  дисперсионные кривые функции диэлектрической проницаемости на модифицированных поверхностях серебра.
СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА МИКРОГЕЛЕЙ N-ВИНИЛКАПРОЛАКТАМА И N,N-ДИМЕТИЛАМИНОЭТИЛМЕТАКРИЛАТА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИЕЙ В ОТСУТСТВИЕ СТАБИЛИЗАТОРА
Authors: Kushchev P. O. , Saprina E. I. , Kuznetsov V. A.
Published: October 2018

В настоящей работе показаны результаты исследования гетерофазной полимеризации сополимеров N-винилкапролактама (ВК) и N,N-диметиламиноэтилметакрилата (ДМ) в отсутствие стабилизатора. Такие полимеры характеризуются термо- и pH-чувствительностью в водных растворах при температуре функционирования живых организмов. Исследовано влияние содержания ДМ в исходной смеси сомономеров на устойчивость и размер образующихся частиц. Показано, что при содержании звеньев ДМ 0.5 мол. дол. и более полученные микрогели устойчивы и размер частиц составляет порядка 200 нм. Исследованы термо- и pH-чувствительные свойства. Установлено, что при увеличении содержания звеньев ДМ температура объемно-фазового перехода снижается. Синтезированные микрогели сохраняют устойчивость в широком интервале pH. Однако в кислой среде наблюдается набухание ядра частиц микрогеля за счет полиэлектролитного эффекта.
The Relationship Among Language Brokering, Parent–Child Bonding, and Mental Health Correlates Among Latinx College Students
Authors: Morales Alejandro , Wang Kenneth T.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the study was to identify distinctive types of language brokering among Latinx college students. A sample of 678 Latinx college students attending two Southern California teaching colleges participated in the study. A cluster analysis was conducted using the four subscales of the Language Brokering Scale: People, Places, Things, and Feelings. The analyses identified three types of language broker based on levels of brokering: high, moderate, and low language brokers. Each group was compared on their scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults, and the Parent–Child Bonding Scale. The results revealed that high language brokers scored significantly higher on depression, anxiety, and parent–child bonding compared to the other two groups. Recommendations for future research and implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Caught in the Middle: Spanish-Speaking Bilingual Mental Health Counselors as Language Brokers
Authors: Delgado-Romero Edward A. , De Los Santos Jhokania , Raman Vineet S. , Merrifield Jennifer N. , Vazquez Marjory S. , Monroig Marlaine M. , Bautista Elizabeth Cárdenas , Durán Maritza Y.
Published: October 2018

Literature regarding language brokering has primarily focused on family and community members serving as language brokers. However, bilingual mental health counselors often find themselves serving as language brokers as well. In this article we focus on bilingual mental health counselors who work with the growing Spanish-speaking immigrant population in the United States. We examine bilingual counselors without formal training in Spanish who serve as language brokers, and examine the ethical and professional challenges they face. Such challenges highlight the complexities of living in two worlds and providing psychological services in two languages. In examining their roles as language brokers, we discuss implications for future mental health counseling practice, training, and research. We present the ¡BIEN! Bilingual and Bicultural Counseling Services model for training counselors to deliver services to Spanish-speaking clients, along with recommendations for training programs.