bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemodiyaliz ve Periton Diyalizi alan Hastalardaki Mukokutanöz Bulguların Prevalansı ve Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GENÇLER Bilgen , BİLEN Göknur , GÖNÜL Müzeyyen , AYLI Mehmet Deniz
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda primer hastalığa veya diyaliz tedavisine sekonder olarak mukokutanöz lezyonlar oldukça sık gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olup hemodiyaliz ve periton diyalizi alan hastaların dermatolojik bulgularını prevalansını saptamak ve 2 grup arası farkları karşılaştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 49 hemodiyaliz (HD), 18 periton diyalizi (PD) alan 67 hasta kabul edildi. Yaş aralığı 20-90 arası idi. Hastaların medikal anamnezleri kaydedildi ve uygun ışık altında detaylı deri, saç, tırnak ve mukoza muayeneleri yapıldı ve bulgular kayıt altına alındı. Lüzum halinde lezyonlardan mikrobiyolojik ve histopatolojik ek incelemeler yapıldı.

Bulgular: HD ve PD alan 2 grupta en sık gözlenen deri bulgusu kserosisdi. Ekimoz, HD alan grupta PD alan gruba göre anlamlı yüksek saptandı. Müköz bulgu olarak en sık HD grubunda paslı dil, PD grubunda kserostomi gözlendi. Her 2 grupta en sık görülen tırnak bulgusu yarım ve yarım tırnak idi. Splinter hemoraji HD grubunda, PD grubuna göre anlamlı yüksek saptandı. Hemodiyaliz grubunda saç bulgusu alt ekstremite kıl kaybı oranı periton diyaliz grubundan anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. PD alan grupta en sık kafa derisinde kıl kaybı saptandı.

Sonuç: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların tümü en az bir dermatolojik bulgu göstermekte idi. HD ve PD alan 2 grupta mukokutanöz bulgular açısından minör farklılıklar saptandı.
Digital literacy as a means of preventing cybercrime
Authors: Baltezarević Radoslav
Published: June 2022

It is difficult today to imagine how a person would function in modern society without the use of Internet-based technologies. Everyday interactions that take place in the digital environment permeate all spheres of society, enabling communication, entertainment and business of users. However, the lack of technological skills and digital literacy in a large number of people increases the chances of them becoming victims of various types of cybercrime activities. Such activities can often have very severe physical, material and emotional consequences for Internet and social networks users. Also, it is not uncommon for the victim's interaction with a malicious cybercriminal to lead to tragic consequences. This problem especially affects the youngest population, who spend time every day in a virtual environment, often without the necessary technological skills and experience, but also without parental supervision. The fact that the number of young users of digital technologies is increasing every day on the world level should alert experts in this field, but also the governments of all countries to take this phenomenon more seriously. Digital literacy is emerging as an indisputable starting point that can be the most effective means of combating such malicious cyber activities.
La posición del sujeto pronominal en las cláusulas no declarativas
Authors:   Departamento de Lengua Española, Universidad de Salamanca (España), Aijón Oliva Miguel Ángel , Serrano María José ,   Departamento de Filología Española, Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Published: June 2022

El análisis de la colocación variable del sujeto en español permite observar la relevancia de los factores discursivo-cognitivos en la variación sintáctica y demostrar que todos los efectos comunicativos de una elección formal pueden relacionarse con dichos factores. el presente trabajo analiza los sujetos explícitos de primera y segunda persona en dos tipos de cláusulas no declarativas (interrogativas e imperativas), tomando como base dos corpus textualmente diversificados. Se descubre que la variación formal obedece a principios icónicos muy similares en ambos contextos gramaticales. La posposición del sujeto al verbo es la variante menos marcada, lo que establece una diferencia con la cláusula declarativa, que tiende al orden SVO. Por la misma razón, la anteposición del sujeto en aquellos contextos permite generar valores discursivo-pragmáticos especiales; estos se concretan, sobre todo, en una mayor asertividad o presuposición acerca del contenido del enunciado. Las proyecciones comunicativas de estos valores básicos se ilustran a través de la observación de diversos ejemplos.
Estudio descriptivo del desarrollo de la competencia narrativa en lengua de señas chilena
Authors:   Departamento de Educación Diferencial, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (Chile), Acuña Robertson Ximena , Adamo Quintela Dora ,   Departamento de Educación Diferencial, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (Chile), Cabrera Ramírez Irene ,   Departamento de Educación Diferencial, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (Chile), Lissi María Rosa ,   Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar una evolución en el desarrollo de la competencia narrativa de un grupo de niños sordos, que usan la lengua de señas chilena como su lengua natural y que se encuentran en la etapa escolar (primero a cuarto año básico). Se trata de un estudio de caso, en el que se obtiene una producción narrativa por parte de cada niño en tres momentos distintos con una diferencia de un año entre cada una. estas narraciones son analizadas, enfocándose en dos aspectos: la organización formal del texto narrativo, es decir su superestructura, y la organización del contenido en relación al uso de recursos lingüísticos para establecer cohesión textual. el estudio se enfoca en las formas empleadas al establecer referencia y correferencia, cuando se trata de introducir, mantener o reintroducir el foco sobre los personajes de la historia que narran. Aun cuando los niños ocupan todos los elementos de cohesión desde las primeras narraciones, hay un cambio que está determinado por las funciones para las cuales son usados. Se demuestra cómo los niños desarrollan gradualmente la capacidad para construir narraciones, teniendo en cuenta la información que requiere su audiencia. el conocimiento sobre este aspecto del proceso de adquisición de la lengua de señas en niños sordos cobra importancia en el marco de la educación bilingüe, donde se asume que el desarrollo de habilidades de la lectura y escritura tienen una base importante en la consolidación de habilidades relacionadas con el desarrollo de la competencia en la lengua natural de las personas sordas de nuestro país, esto es, la lengua de señas chilena.
Adjectival periphrasis in Ancient Greek: A cognitive analysis
Authors:   Ghent University (Bélgica), Bentein Klaas
Published: June 2022

In this article, I discuss Ancient Greek constructions consisting of a form of the verb eimi ‘I am’ and a present, perfect or aorist participle. In particular, I focus on those uses where the participle is said to have an “adjectival” function. My main goal is to provide a unified semantic description of this phenomenon, adopting a cognitive framework. I show that adjectival periphrasis typically involves the predication of properties, which can be characterized in terms of low transitivity (Hopper & Thompson, 1980). I furthermore argue that a so-called “property reading” involves a particular kind of conceptual integration, whereby only one component state of the verb eimi is elaborated by the participle.
El valor eufemístico de los términos técnicos: presencia e implicaciones en la traducción y la interpretación1 en el marco de la salud mental2
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (España), Echauri Galván Bruno
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo es un estudio del valor eufemístico que los términos técnicos adquieren en contextos como la salud mental. Una breve exposición de algunas de las razones de su uso servirá como punto de partida de un análisis del impacto en las relaciones entre el personal médico y los pacientes y de sus implicaciones en el proceso de traducción e interpretación a través de distintos conceptos discursivos y traductológicos. En base a este marco teórico, trataré de señalar algunos de los problemas que genera en las disciplinas anteriormente mencionadas con el objetivo de determinar posibles soluciones al respecto
Assessment of Alteration in Aerobic Conjunctival and Meibomian Gland Microbial Flora after Cataract Surgery and its Association with Postoperative Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Bhargav Sonia , Kumar Surinder , Arora Tarun
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Combination of various commensal microorganism species is capable of protecting the ocular surface from colonization by potentially pathogenic microbes. These homeostatic microorganisms can be easily altered by environmental factors like cataract surgery. These may play a role in the development of postcataract surgery Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) whose exact pathogenesis is still unknown. Aim: To assess the change in aerobic bacterial flora of meibomian glands and conjunctiva and its association with the development of MGD after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Ophthalmology at BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonepat, Haryana, India, from June 2021 to February 2022. A total of 60 eyes of 60 patients who had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation were selected. Conjunctival and Meibomian Gland (MG) secretions samples were collected preoperatively before starting antibiotics and at 6 weeks postoperatively. Aerobic bacteria isolated from the culture samples of patients before and after surgery were analysed for microbial flora change (MFC). At 6 weeks postoperative follow-up visit, the diagnosis of the MGD was made on slit lamp examination of lid margin and meibomian glands. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association between patients with MFC and patients with MGD. Results: There were 33 males and 27 females, with a mean age of 62.41 years. Preoperative conjunctival samples of 20 patients (33.33%) and MG samples of 27 patients (45%) were culture positive for aerobic bacteria. Most common microorganism isolated from preoperative samples was Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Isolation rate of Staphyloccus aureus increased postoperatively in both conjunctival and MG culture samples. Postoperative aerobic Microbial Flora Change (MFC) in culture samples of either conjunctival or MG or both was present in 30 patients (50%). Total 16 patients (26.6%) developed MGD out of which 13 patients (81.25%) had MFC. The association between MFC and MGD was statistically significant (p-value=0.004). Conclusion: There is alteration of ocular aerobic bacterial flora after cataract surgery and it has a statistically significant association with postcataract surgery MGD. Replenishment of ocular surface microflora can play a preventive and therapeutic role in the management of postcataract surgery MGD.
Mechanical Structure Design and Test of Multi Wire Diameter High Voltage Cable Cutting Machine
Authors: Zheran Wang , Jie Yang , Dongdong Gu , Jianfeng Liu
Published: June 2022

The problem in China's power industry is that the aluminum strand stripping efficiency of high-voltage cable is low, making it easier to damage the wire core used for cable connection. This paper proposes a multi wire diameter cable cutting machine based on the requirements of aluminum strand stripping of high-voltage cable. The key components of the cutting machine are theoretically analyzed, and the effects of the function of the machine and the single extension distance of the push rod on the cutting effect and cutting rate are experimentally studied. The experimental results show that when the driving motor speed is the same, the cutting rate increases with the increase of the extension distance of the push rod; When cutting 22mm and 50mm wire diameter wires, the single extension of the push rod into 10mm aluminum strand stripping effect is the best. When cutting 35mm wire diameter wires, the single extension of the push rod into 5mm has a better effect. The cable cutting equipment can achieve the design goal and better meet the requirements of aluminum strand stripping operation.
Desenvolvimento econômico: Uma abordagem Unificada
Authors: Barros Alexandre Rands
Published: June 2022

O artigo reúne as principais contribuições recentes à interpretação do desenvolvimento econômico, criando um arcabouço unificado para que se possa entender a relação entre as diversas hipóteses apresentadas na literatura. Os determinantes identificados são classificados em quatro camadas e as relações entre elas são apresentadas. Na primeira encontram-se a acumulação dos fatores de produção e o crescimento da produtividade total dos fatores. A segunda camada reúne os determinantes das primeira identificados a partir dos diversos modelos de crescimento econômico. Na terceira camada põe-se lado a lado a cultura e as instituições, enquanto a quarta camada inclui os determinantes geográficos, genéticos e históricos.
Vandetanib drives growth arrest and promotes sensitivity to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting ephrin type‐B receptor 4
Authors: Ma Weina , Zhu Man , Wang Bo , Gong Zhengyan , Du Xia , Yang Tianfeng , Shi Xianpeng , Dai Bingling , Zhan Yingzhuan , Zhang Dongdong , Ji Yanhong , Wang Yang , Li Song , Zhang Yanmin
Published: June 2022

The oncogenic role of ephrin type‐B receptor 4 (EPHB4) has been reported in many types of tumors, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we found that CML patients have a higher EPHB4 expression level than healthy subjects. EPHB4 knockdown inhibited growth of K562 cells (a human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line). In addition, transient transfection of EPHB4 siRNA led to sensitization to imatinib. These growth defects could be fully rescued by EPHB4 transfection. To identify an EPHB4‐specific inhibitor with the potential of rapid translation into the clinic, a pool of clinical compounds was screened and vandetanib was found to be most sensitive to K562 cells, which express a high level of EPHB4. Vandetanib mainly acts on the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and interacts stably with a hydrophobic pocket. Furthermore, vandetanib downregulated EPHB4 protein via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and inhibited PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in K562 cells. Vandetanib alone significantly inhibited tumor growth in a K562 xenograft model. Furthermore, the combination of vandetanib and imatinib exhibited enhanced and synergistic growth inhibition against imatinib‐resistant K562 cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that vandetanib drives growth arrest and overcomes the resistance to imatinib in CML via targeting EPHB4.
Enzymological and structural characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Xiaoyi , Chang Jing‐Wen , Ye Tong , Mao Ying , Wang Xiao , Liu Lin
Published: June 2022

Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase‐1 (AtHO‐1), a metabolic enzyme in the heme degradation pathway, serves as a prototype for study of the bilin‐related functions in plants. Past biological analyses revealed that AtHO‐1 requires ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR) and ferredoxin for its enzymatic activity. Here, we characterized the binding and degradation of heme by AtHO‐1, and found that ferredoxin is a dispensable component of the reducing system that provides electrons for heme oxidation. Furthermore, we reported the crystal structure of heme‐bound AtHO‐1, which demonstrates both conserved and previously undescribed features of plant heme oxygenases. Finally, the electron transfer pathway from FNR to AtHO‐1 is suggested based on the known structural information.
The spike glycoprotein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses: structural insights for understanding infection, evolution and inhibition
Authors: Qiao Shuyuan , Zhang Shuyuan , Ge Jiwan , Wang Xinquan
Published: June 2022

Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoV) including SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 have emerged over the past two decades, resulting in infectious disease outbreaks that have greatly affected public health. The CoV surface spike (S) glycoprotein mediates receptor binding and membrane fusion for cell entry, playing critical roles in CoV infection and evolution. The S glycoprotein is also the major target molecule for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions, including neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. In this review, we summarize key studies that have revealed the structural basis of S‐mediated cell entry of SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2. Additionally, we discuss the evolution of the S glycoprotein to realize cross‐species transmission from the viewpoint of structural biology. Lastly, we describe the recent progress in developing antibodies, nanobodies and peptide inhibitors that target the SARS‐CoV‐2 S glycoprotein for therapeutic purposes.
Computer‐Assisted Image Analysis in Assessment of Peripheral Joint MRI in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Haj‐Mirzaian Arya , Kubassova Olga , Boesen Mikael , Carrino John , Bird Paul
Published: June 2022

Objective

To summarize the feasibility of computer‐assisted quantification of joint pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with inflammatory arthritis by evaluating the published data on reliability, validity, and feasibility.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed for original articles published from January 1, 1985, to January 1, 2021. We selected studies in which patients with inflammatory arthritis were enrolled, and arthritis‐related structural damage/synovitis in peripheral joints was assessed on non‐contrast‐enhanced, contrast‐enhanced (CE), or dynamic CE (DCE)‐MRI using (semi)automated methods. Data were pooled using random‐effects model.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies consisting of 1342 MRIs were included (mean age, 54.8 years; 66.7% female; duration of arthritis, 3.6 years). Among clinical/laboratory factors, synovial membrane volume (SV) was moderately correlated with erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level (P < 0.01). Pooled analysis showed an overall excellent intra‐ and inter‐reader reliability for computer‐aided quantification of bone erosion volume (BEV; r = 0.97 [95% CI: 0.92‐0.99], 0.93 [0.87‐0.97]), SV (r = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.90‐0.99], 0.86 [0.78‐0.91]), and DCE‐MRI perfusion parameters (r = 0.96‐0.99). Meta‐regression showed that computer‐aided and manual methods provide comparable reliability (P > 0.05). Computer‐aided measurement of BEV (r = 0.92), SV (r = 0.82), and DCE‐MRI biomarkers (r = 0.72 N‐total; r = 0.74 N‐plateau; r = 0.64 N‐washout) were significantly correlated with the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS; P < 0.01), allowing for earlier assessment of drug efficacy. On average, (semi)automated analysis of BEV/SV took 17 minutes (vs. 9 minutes for the RAMRIS) and DCE‐MRI took 4 minutes (vs. 33 minutes for manual assessment).

Conclusion

Computer‐aided image quantification technologies demonstrate excellent reliability and validity when used to quantify MRI pathologies of peripheral joints in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Computer‐aided evaluation of inflammatory arthritis is an emerging field and should be considered as a viable complement to conventional observer‐based scoring methods for clinical trials application.
4D Printed Shape Morphing Biocompatible Materials Based on Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Kuhnt Tobias , Camarero‐Espinosa Sandra , Takhsha Ghahfarokhi Milad , Arreguín Mariana , Cabassi Riccardo , Albertini Franca , Nieto Daniel , Baker Matthew B. , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

Shape morphing materials, especially those fabricated by 4D printing, are gaining much attention due to their versatility of actuation and capability of being programmed in advance. These materials become particularly interesting for biomedical applications where implant materials could be remotely actuated, exerting a force on the surrounding tissues and cells. However, applications in this field have been restricted due to the biocompatibility of the materials and the character of the required stimuli, generally not compatible with physiological environments. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a great opportunity to this end; however, the actuation results in a uniform movement toward the magnet that requires anchoring of the object. Here, for the first time, the application of anisotropic Fe3O4 MNPs is described, and synthesized by a novel and easy route, that can be aligned on pre‐defined patterns within objects printed by digital light processing, resulting in materials that can be actuated remotely (4D printing). These nanoparticles (178 nm × 55 nm), show good biocompatibility when directly seeded on top of human mesenchymal stem cells, despite being uptaken. Most importantly, the alignment of the MNPs can tune the movement of fabricated nanocomposite materials, resulting in complex movements of attraction or repulsion depending on the direction of the applied magnetic field.
Temperature‐Responsive Thermochromic Phase Change Materials with Tunable Photothermal Conversion Efficiency Toward Solar Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Anqian , Zhao Shiwei , Liu Tianren , Zhao Youlong , Jiang Liang , lei Jingxin
Published: June 2022

There are many reports in the literatures on the use of phase change materials (PCMs) with photothermal conversion to store and harness solar energy. However, few works have reported intelligent PCMs with thermochromic capabilities that can controllably adjust their photothermal conversion efficiency to change the heating rate through temperature response. In this work, thermochromic phase change materials (TC‐PCMs) are successfully prepared by integrating the reversible thermochromic microcapsules into dynamically cross‐linked PCMs. The designed TC‐PCMs have a high photothermal conversion efficiency by using different styles of reversible thermochromic microcapsules, which can intelligently adjust the surface color of TC‐PCMs according to the substrate temperature under illumination conditions. Based on the fast temperature‐responsive thermochromic function of TC‐PCMs, the intriguing function of the reversible information storage and encryption can be realized by designing the shape and space of TC‐PCMs under the only thermal‐triggered condition. Importantly, the process of information storage and encryption can be controllable and reversible when repeatedly increasing and decreasing the external temperature. Additionally, TC‐PCMs capable of reprocessing ability based on dynamic oxime bond, are beneficial to the preparation of complex shape devices and recycling, expanding the application field of TC‐PCMs.
Planar Polymer Optical Waveguide with Metal‐Organic Framework Coating for Carbon Dioxide Sensing
Authors: Zheng Lei , Keppler Nils , Zhang Huajun , Behrens Peter , Roth Bernhard
Published: June 2022

An easily fabricated gas sensor based on planar polymer optical waveguides with an integrated zeolite imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) thin film is presented for carbon dioxide detection and sensing. The planar optical waveguides are made of polymethylmethacrylate and fabricated by hot embossing, which makes it flexible and cost‐efficient. Thin ZIF‐8 films are uniformly grown on the waveguides surface through a simple solution method, which is crucial for the envisioned production of metal organic framework‐based sensing devices on a large scale. Experimental results show that the produced optical elements exhibit a sensitivity of ≈2.5 μW/5 vol% toward carbon dioxide (CO2) with very rapid response time (≈6 s) and excellent reversibility of adsorption and desorption of the gas molecules. The demonstrated planar polymer sensing devices provide the potential to develop flexible on‐chip gas sensors in an inexpensive and reproducible way.
Two‐Step Photoalignment with High Resolution for the Alignment of Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Liu Sunqian , Nys Inge , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: June 2022

The self‐assembling properties of liquid crystal (LC) are ideal for realizing switchable optical components. The director organization is strongly determined by the alignment at the substrate interfaces and photoalignment is a versatile method based on linearly polarized UV light. In this work, a two‐step photoalignment procedure is proposed to pattern the alignment at the surface. Illumination with uniform polarization or with an interference pattern is combined to obtain stripe patterns or square patterns of photoalignment. It can indeed be confirmed that the nematic director follows the varying azimuthal orientation. By increasing the angle between the two interfering beams, photoalignment with sub‐micrometer resolution is obtained, compatible with the dimensions of blue phase (BP) LC unit cell. Homogeneous domains of BP II with (100) or (110) crystal orientation are obtained and their Kossel patterns are recorded. The two‐step photoalignment technique allows to create patterns with high resolution and to control the orientation of BP LC, which is promising for photonic applications that require single domains.
Possible Signatures of Chiral Anomaly in the Magnetoresistance of a Quasi‐2‐Dimensional Electron Gas at the Interface of LaVO3 and KTaO3
Authors: Silotia Harsha , Kumari Anamika , Gupta Anshu , De Joydip , Pal Santanu Kumar , Tomar Ruchi , Chakraverty Suvankar
Published: June 2022

In a Dirac semimetal, charges flow between two Weyl nodes when electric and magnetic fields (E||B) are parallel to each other manifesting interesting physical properties such as negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (NLMR), planar Hall effect (PHE). A co‐existence of weak antilocalization (WAL) is observed with large NLMR and an unusual Hall resistance with (B||E) configuration, at the conducting interface of LaVO3 (LVO) and KTaO3 (KTO). The full‐width half maxima of the depth of the conducting channel at the interface is estimated to be around 10 nm by using spectroscopy techniques of photoluminescence and time‐correlated single‐photon counting: suggesting a quasi‐2‐dimensional nature of the conducting electrons. The PHE exhibits oscillatory behavior as a function of the angle between E and B. Very similar temperature dependence of NLMR and PHE suggest a strong correlation among them.
Layered Perovskite Lithium Yttrium Titanate as a Low‐Potential and Ultrahigh‐Rate Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yun , Huang Jun , Saito Nagahiro , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Zhengxi , Yang Li , Hirano Shin‐ichi
Published: June 2022

Graphite, as the dominant anode for commercial lithium‐ion batteries, features sluggish electrochemical kinetics and low potential close to lithium deposition, leading to poor rate capability and safety issues. Although titanium‐based oxides have received considerable attention, each alternative demonstrates unsatisfactory trade‐offs between capacity, operating potential, rate capability, and lifespan. Here, submicrometer‐sized lithium yttrium titanate (LYTO) is synthesized through facile sol–gel and ion‐exchange reactions. With an average operating potential of 0.3 V versus Li+/Li, the LYTO anode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 236 mAh g–1 and durable cycling performance of 98% capacity retention after 3000 cycles. Impressively, without additional modification, a high‐rate capability is achieved under a current density range from 0.5 C to 100 C (1 C = 200 mA g–1), e.g., delivering 112 and 87 mAh g–1 at 60 C and 100 C, respectively. Comprehensive characterizations and computational simulations reveal reversible solid‐solution reactions occurring in the LYTO framework with little lattice change and fast 2D Li+ mobility achieved due to a low diffusion energy barrier. After incorporation with a LiFePO4 cathode, the energy density of the as‐fabricated full cell reaches 2.4 times that of Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 full cell. The double characteristics of LYTO provide a fresh identification for high‐performance anodes.
Challenges in genetic diagnosis, co‐occurrence of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and Noonan syndrome
Authors: Chinton Josefina , Huckstadt Victoria , Foncuberta Maria Eugenia , Perez Maria Mercedes , Bonetto Mara Cecilia , Gravina Luis Pablo , Obregon María Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Noonan syndrome (NS) is caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway. On the other hand, 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is caused by heterozygous microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2. The clinical characteristics of both syndromes are expected to be relatively distinct, and, in fact, there is only one report of these syndromes occurring together, but on daily clinical practice and especially in early childhood phenotypes may overlap. In this study, we describe a patient with NS and 22q11.2DS features harboring a heterozygous 2.54 Mb deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 and a variant in LZTR1, c.1531G > A p.(Val511Met). In 1993, Wilson et al reported a patient with both 22q11.2DS and NS, proposing that probably more than one gene is deleted in the proband and that one of the deleted genes is responsible for Noonan's phenotype. In our patient, one of the deleted genes within the 22q11.2 region was the LZTR1 gene which was associated with NS in 2015. This case also highlights the importance of the long‐term patients' follow‐up to detect evolutionary changes that may appear in the phenotype and alerts clinicians of the co‐occurrence of two syndromes that may manifest over time.
Deep Learning Applications for Acute Stroke Management
Authors: Chavva Isha R. , Crawford Anna L. , Mazurek Mercy H. , Yuen Matthew M. , Prabhat Anjali M. , Payabvash Sam , Sze Gordon , Falcone Guido J. , Matouk Charles C. , de Havenon Adam , Kim Jennifer A. , Sharma Richa , Schiff Steven J. , Rosen Matthew S. , Kalpathy‐Cramer Jayashree , Iglesias Gonzalez Juan E. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: June 2022

Brain imaging is essential to the clinical care of patients with stroke, a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Whereas advanced neuroimaging techniques offer opportunities for aiding acute stroke management, several factors, including time delays, inter‐clinician variability, and lack of systemic conglomeration of clinical information, hinder their maximal utility. Recent advances in deep machine learning (DL) offer new strategies for harnessing computational medical image analysis to inform decision making in acute stroke. We examine the current state of the field for DL models in stroke triage. First, we provide a brief, clinical practice‐focused primer on DL. Next, we examine real‐world examples of DL applications in pixel‐wise labeling, volumetric lesion segmentation, stroke detection, and prediction of tissue fate postintervention. We evaluate recent deployments of deep neural networks and their ability to automatically select relevant clinical features for acute decision making, reduce inter‐rater variability, and boost reliability in rapid neuroimaging assessments, and integrate neuroimaging with electronic medical record (EMR) data in order to support clinicians in routine and triage stroke management. Ultimately, we aim to provide a framework for critically evaluating existing automated approaches, thus equipping clinicians with the ability to understand and potentially apply DL approaches in order to address challenges in clinical practice. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:574–587
Alloy‐Type Anodes for High‐Performance Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Peng Manqi , Shin Kyungsoo , Jiang Lixia , Jin Ye , Zeng Ke , Zhou Xiaolong , Tang Yongbing
Published: June 2022

Alloy‐type anodes are one of the most promising classes of next‐generation anode materials due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity (2–10 times that of graphite). However, current alloy‐type anodes have several limitations: huge volume expansion, high tendency to fracture and disintegrate, an unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and low Coulombic efficiency. Efforts to overcome these challenges are ongoing. This Review details recent progress in the research of batteries based on alloy‐type anodes and discusses the direction of their future development. We conclude that improvements in structural design, the introduction of a protective interface, and the selection of suitable electrolytes are the most effective ways to improve the performance of alloy‐type anodes. Furthermore, future studies should direct more attention toward analyzing their synergistic promoting effect.
Preparation of a biobased core‐shell flame retardant and its application in polylactic acid
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Gong Weiguang , Meng Xin , Li Chenyang , Gao Jin
Published: June 2022

Biobased flame retardant (FR) has attracted great interest owing to its green and degradable properties similar to polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, chitosan (CS) and halloysite (HNT) as the shell, a biobased FR (APP@CS@HNT) with a core‐shell structure was prepared through the self‐assembly method. The flame retardancy of PLA composites has been improved with the addition of the FR (APP@CS@HNT). With the loading of 17 wt% APP@CS@HNT, the PLA composite shows a high limiting oxygen index value (29.4%) and achieves vertical burning (UL‐94) test V0 rating. Compared with pure PLA, the cone calorimetry test indicates that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release decrease from 299.88 to 152.29 kW/m2 and from 102.0 to 71.2 MJ/m2, respectively. The addition of APP@CS@HNT can also improve the smoke suppression performance of PLA composites. Such enhanced flame retardancy is mainly attributed to APP@CS@HNT prompting the PLA matrix to produce more continuous and denser carbon layers at a lower temperature to form physical barriers.
Luminescence study of Sm3+,Eu3+‐doped Y2Zr2O7 host: optical investigation of greenish yellow to red colour tunable pyrochlore phosphor
Authors: Bansod Amit R. , Kadam Abhijeet R. , Bokare Prashant S. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: June 2022

Pyrochlore phosphors have shown their worth in modern day lighting in the last few years. Colour tunability of the phosphor is one of the modern techniques used to obtain white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). In the proposed work, Y2Zr2O7:Sm3+,Eu3+ phosphors were investigated for WLED applications as well as display devices. A convectional solid‐state diffusion method was used to synthesize the proposed phosphors. X‐ray diffraction of the proposed phosphors was performed and compared with the standard Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. The crystal structure of the sample was cubic in nature, obtained from Rietveld refinement. Vibrational and morphological studies on the samples were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photoluminescence study of the colour tunable phosphor showed the characteristic peak of Sm3+ together with the two sharp peaks of Eu3+ ions. Greenish yellow to red colour tunability was observed in the proposed phosphor with enhancement of Eu3+ ions. All these results showed the worth of this sample for WLEDs applications as well as in display devices.
Baseline cardiac function checkup in patients with gastric or breast cancer receiving trastuzumab or anthracyclines
Authors: Ishii Taisuke , Watanabe Tomone , Higashi Takahiro
Published: June 2022

Background

Although trastuzumab and anthracyclines are frequently used to treat breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC), cardiotoxicity is a serious concern. The cardiac function assessment is recommended at baseline before initiating treatment. However, the prevalence rates of baseline cardiac checkups are unknown.

Methods

The national database of hospital‐based cancer registries linked to the health services‐utilization data was used to study patients with newly diagnosed stage IV BC and GC (n = 6271) who received trastuzumab (n = 4324, 69.0%) or anthracyclines between January 2012 and December 2015. The baseline ultrasound echocardiogram (UCG) performance rate and factors related to adequate UCG performance for all patients and those receiving trastuzumab were analyzed.

Results

The adequate baseline UCG checkup rate was higher in patients treated with trastuzumab than in those treated with anthracyclines (71.8% vs 44.1%, respectively). Additionally, patients with GC were less likely to receive an adequate baseline UCG performance than those with BC (70.4% vs 75.0%, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with anthracycline‐treated BC and GC were less likely to receive adequate baseline UCG performance than those with trastuzumab‐treated BC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.28, and OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03–0.16, respectively). Furthermore, patients with trastuzumab‐treated GC were less likely to receive adequate baseline UCG performance than those with BC (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50–0.84).

Conclusions

The baseline UCG was less likely to be performed in patients receiving anthracyclines than in those receiving trastuzumab, as well as in patients with GC than in those with BC.
Growing leaders from below: Identity‐based worker education and identity‐leader ability among self‐employed women in India
Authors: Jay Sarah , Nightingale Alastair , Bali Namrata , Ryklief Sahra , Adshead Maura
Published: June 2022

Informal and unregulated work is the norm rather than the exception in emerging economies. This study was conducted in India where nine out of 10 women are occupied in informal, unregulated work, and are vulnerable to low‐wages, exploitation, and interconnected cultural and social‐economic injustices. The Self‐Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and their education wing the Indian Academy of Self‐Employed Women encourage their members to self‐define as “self‐employed workers” and facilitate identity‐based worker education and leadership training. Drawing on insights from the Social Identity Approach to Learning and the New Psychology of Leadership this cross‐sectional study (N = 300) explored if this shared social identity significantly predicted participants perceived identity‐leadership ability. We further explored if this relationship was partially explained by SEWA norms, values, and beliefs, developed during learning, and measured as “awareness of gendered inequality”, “injustice consciousness”, and “collective efficacy”. A parallel mediation analysis found a direct relationship between “self‐employed women identity” and “identity‐leader ability” and indirect relationships through “awareness of gendered inequality” and “collective efficacy”. No indirect path was evident through “injustice consciousness”. The theoretical and practical implications of an identity‐based approach to worker education and leader training among vulnerable workers, are discussed.
Facet Engineering on WO3 Mono‐Particle‐Layer Electrode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Wenrui , Zhang Boyang , Liu Kaiwei , Zhang Jifang , Wang Jiaming , Ma Guijun
Published: June 2022

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of WO3 photoanodes for water splitting is heavily influenced by the orientation of crystal facets. In this work, mono‐particle‐layer electrodes, assembled by particulate WO3 square plates with highly uniform alignment along the (002) facet, improved PEC water oxidation kinetics and stability. Photo‐deposition of Au along the cracks formed on the surface of the plates, which are the edges of {110} facets, was found to further enhance electron collection efficiency. Combination of these two strategies allowed the facet‐engineered WO3 electrode to produce significantly higher efficiencies in charge separation and transfer than the electrode prepared without facet orientation. This work has provided a facile route for fabricating a structurally designed WO3 photoelectrode, which is also applicable to other regularly shaped semiconductor photocatalysts with anisotropic charge migration.
PROTOCOL: Causal mechanisms linking education with fertility, HIV, and child mortality: A systematic review
Authors: Zahra Fatima , Haberland Nicole , Psaki Stephanie
Published: June 2022

In this review, we will investigate the pathways linking education and health to understand why education appears to improve health in some settings or among certain populations, and not in others, as well as to inform recommendations about how best to target investments in education to maximize the benefits to health. We will seek to answer the following key research questions, focusing specifically on the mechanisms that affect fertility, HIV, and infant and child mortality. If feasible, these answers will include meta‐analyses of comparable education and mediator outcomes: (1) Do changes in education affect the primary theorized mediators (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, resources, and agency; health behaviors and harmful practices) of the relationship between education and fertility, HIV and child mortality? (2) How does the relationship between these mediators and education vary across different aspects of education (e.g., grade attainment vs. literacy/numeracy vs. attendance)?
Sentiment analysis on twitter data based on spider monkey optimization and deep learning for future prediction of the brands
Authors: Kothamasu Lakshmi Anusha , Kannan E.
Published: June 2022

In this manuscript, a deep neural network is proposed by integrating improved adaptive‐network‐based fuzzy inference system (IANFIS) for branding online products to overcome these issues. Here, the sentiment analysis (SA) and prediction on future branding of products that are extracted from the twitter data is carried out. After the review process classifying the products as positive, negative, and neutral assessments completely concentrated in three folds, prediction of a future brand that is carried out by IANFIS for weighting the products finally classify them. This scheme helps the respective retailers/retail brands with their digital marketing team to understand their brand perception as opposed to others. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing methods, such as sentiment analysis on twitter data based on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm, sentiment analysis on twitter data based on particle swarm optimization and convolutional neural network, sentiment analysis on twitter data based on whale optimization algorithm and support vector machine, and sentiment analysis on twitter data based on convolutional neural network and long short term memory. The simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the state of art methods.
Solvent‐Dependent Photochemistry for Diverse and Selective C−H Functionalization of 2‐tert‐Butyl‐1,4‐Benzoquinones
Authors: Hyeon Ka Cheol , Seul Lee Da , Jin Cho Eun
Published: June 2022

Controlling a reaction to selectively produce a set of distinct valuable compounds from the same substrate is a highly attractive topic in synthetic chemistry. In this work, the solvent‐dependent photochemistry of 2‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐benzoquinones to achieve diverse C−H functionalization was investigated, which afforded three selective transformations: (1) intermolecular C−O bond formation in non‐fluorinated alcoholic solvents; (2) perfluorinated hexafluoroisopropanol solvent‐promoted intramolecular cyclization to afford coumaran derivatives; (3) 1,4‐dioxane solvent‐induced hydrogen atom transfer to afford 2‐methylallyl hydroquinones.
A Geometry Optimization of Spiral Grain Selector During Directional Solidification of Nickel‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Wang Binqiang , Zeng Long , Li Jianguo
Published: June 2022

A spiral grain selector with excellent geometric parameters can ensure qualified single‐crystal (SX) is selected while decreasing lesser thermal gradient (G) during casting of SX nickel‐based superalloy . In this paper, three configurations of spiral grain selectors with different height of starter block (H  = 18, 25, 35 mm) and same spiral passage are adopted. Based on the quantitative analysis of orientation distribution of grains in starter block, it is found that the deviation of <001> oriented grains in the projection zone of spiral passage inlet (circle with a diameter of 4 mm) are smaller than grains of overall cross‐section (circle with a diameter of 10 mm), which verify that starter block with smaller diameter have better optimization effect of grain orientation. Moreover, the average deviation of <001> oriented grains decreases to a range of 6.6–10.8° when the height of starter block is 18–27 mm, and SX selection is completed on the position of less than half turn in spiral passage regardless of the number of grains in the inlet position. Finally, a modified spiral grain selector is designed from the perspective of practical production, of which total height is reduced by at least 15 mm, and can decrease lesser G at some extent during casting .
Adiponectin in anorexia nervosa and its modifiers: A meta‐regression study
Authors: Tural Umit , Iosifescu Dan V.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Adiponectin, which is secreted from adipose tissue, is a protein hormone. Although a large body of studies have found that circulating adiponectin levels increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) and caloric restriction, the effect of subtypes of AN and modifiers of adiponectin in AN are not yet known.

Methods

A systematic search of electronic databases was performed using the search terms “adiponectin,” “anorexia nervosa,” and “eating disorder” up to January 2021. All studies published in peer‐reviewed journals, which included cases and control groups, were selected. The main outcome was the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) in adiponectin levels between cases and controls, using the random‐effects model. Modifiers of SMD were tested via meta‐regression. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐four studies met all eligibility criteria. The total sample of AN participants (Hedges' g = .765, p < .0001), and specifically the binge‐eating/purging (Hedges' g = 1.211, p < .00001) and restrictive subtypes (Hedges' g = .913, p < .00001) of AN have increased adiponectin plasma levels compared with healthy controls. Meta‐regression determined that insulin, IGF‐1, BMI, triglyceride, resistin, glucose, IL‐6 levels are significant modifiers of adiponectin levels.

Discussion

Compared with controls, adiponectin levels are higher in AN overall, and specifically in the binge‐eating/purging and the restrictive AN subtypes. Many of metabolic parameters of glucose metabolism and pro‐inflammatory molecules modify the relationship between AN and adiponectin levels. Adipose tissue is important to maintain metabolic stability.

Public Significance

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder associated with a severe decrease in body weight and multiple metabolic abnormalities, including an increase in the hormone adiponectin. In this paper, we used meta‐analysis, a powerful statistical method, to aggregate data from 34 rigorously selected research reports. This enabled us to understand the value of adiponectin to differentiate clinical subtypes of anorexia nervosa and the relations between adiponectin and other important metabolic parameters.