bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epileptic encephalopathy as a new feature of the sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome caused by TSPYL1 variants
Authors: Mazel Benoit , Mallet Delphine , Roucher‐Boulez Florence , Signor Candace Ben , Bournez Marie , Darmency Véronique , Bourgeois Valentin , Poe Charlotte , El Khabbaz Fares , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Duffourd Yannis , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Nambot Sophie
Published: September 2022

Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associating developmental sex disorder (DSD) in patients with 46,XY karyotype and visceroautonomic dysfunction responsible for sudden infant death. First described in 2004, very few patients have since been reported. We describe here a new patient with SIDDT and epileptic encephalopathy (EE). We provide the phenotypic description and genetic results of a boy carrying biallelic TSPYL1 deleterious variants. We also reviewed the data of the 26 previously described patients with SIDDT. Our patient presented gonadal dysgenesis, cardio‐respiratory dysfunction, and repeated seizures, leading in 1 month to severe intractable EE. He died at age 10 months of cardiorespiratory arrest. Four other reported patients from two families presented with progressive epilepsy, including one with severe EE. No similar phenotype was described in the 22 other patients and the recurrent variant p.Val242Glufs*52 appears to be more frequently associated with seizures. To note, our patient is the first case with compound heterozygous TSPYL1 variants. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of SIDDT by reporting progressive epilepsy and severe EE as a possible outcome. This information may help in managing patients with SIDDT.
Returning to the nest: Emerging adults living with parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Prattley Jennifer , Evans‐Whipp Tracy , O'Donnell Karlee , Wong Clement , Quinn Brendan , Rowland Bosco
Published: September 2022

Changes in the working, study and social lives of emerging adults due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to greater need for external supports. Many who lived independently may have sought that support by returning to live with parents. This study identifies factors associated with returns made between 2019 and 2020. It describes supports needed and obtained, relationships between parents and their resident emerging adults and identifies correlates of poor coping and high psychological distress. Data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used and showed half of the emerging adults who moved did so due to COVID‐19 restrictions. Loss of work and increased need for emotional and financial support were key drivers of moves. Nineteen per cent who returned found spending more time with family difficult and over half did not have their support needs fully met, increasing their odds of poor coping at that time (OR = 2.9, 4.3, respectively) and subsequent psychological distress (OR = 6.0). Families were an important source of support but could not necessarily mitigate all challenges; for some emerging adults, returning to live with parents gave rise to additional difficulties which negatively affected mental health.
Sublingual immunotherapy persistence and adherence in real‐world settings: A systematic review
Authors: Park Michelle , Kapoor Shrey , Yi Julie , Hura Nanki , Lin Sandra Y.
Published: September 2022

Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) adherence in the literature is often evaluated in closely monitored trials that may impact patient behavior; real‐world SLIT adherence is relatively unknown. This systematic review intends to assess SLIT adherence in studies that reflect real‐world settings.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for real‐world studies examining SLIT adherence was performed. Monitored clinical trials were excluded. Paired investigators independently reviewed all articles. For this review, “persistence” was defined as continuing therapy and not being lost to follow‐up and “adherence” as persistence in accordance with prescribed SLIT dose, dosing schedule, and duration. Article quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale and then converted to AHRQ standards (good, fair, and poor).

Results

The search yielded 1596 nonduplicate abstracts, from which 32 articles (n = 63,683 patients) met criteria. Twenty‐six (81%) studies reported persistence rates ranging from 7.0% to 88.7%, and 18 (56%) reported adherence rates ranging from 9.6% to 97.0%. Twenty‐one (66%) studies surveyed reasons for discontinuing SLIT. All studies were Oxford level of evidence 2b and of good (n = 12) to fair (n = 20) quality.

Conclusion

Reported rates of real‐world SLIT persistence and adherence varied widely by study methodology (e.g., follow‐up duration, objective vs. subjective assessment). Studies with longer follow‐up generally reported lower rates; 3‐year persistence ranged from 7% to 59.0% and 3‐year adherence from 9.6% to 49.0%. Future studies of SLIT adherence would benefit from following concordant definitions of persistence/adherence and standardized reporting metrics.
Immobilization of biogenic silver–copper nanoparticles over arylated biochar from sugarcane bagasse: Method and catalytic performance
Authors: Snoussi Youssef , El Garah Mohamed , Khalil Ahmed M. , Ammar Souad , Chehimi Mohamed M.
Published: September 2022

There is an ever‐growing demand for biochar production and its chemical transformation into specialty materials. Herein, we suggest a versatile method to elaborate Ag/Cu nanoparticles, by phytochemical process, on aryl‐sulfonated sugarcane bagasse pulp‐derived biochar. A binary nanocomposite has been fabricated through a four‐step strategy. The raw substrate biochar was first prepared by a slow pyrolysis of the biomass at 500°C under N2:H2 95%:5% inert atmosphere. Thereafter, in situ arylation of the biochar surface has been performed to obtain SO3H‐Biochar. The loading of silver and copper ions on SO3H‐Biochar has been achieved via a wet impregnation using a hydroalcoholic medium. Finally, the natural extract obtained from sugarcane bagasse has been employed to ensure the reduction of the adsorbed metal ions and obtain SO3H‐Biochar@Ag/Cu. Interestingly, the structural analysis of SO3H‐Biochar@Ag/Cu and the study of the evolution of D to G band intensity and area ratios have revealed that the metal phase deposition has altered the SO3H‐Biochar surface properties. It finally provided a more graphitized nanocomposite compared with the bare biochar and the intermediate substrate (SO3H‐Biochar). Such a result suggests that the phytochemical reduction has catalyzed the substrate graphitization. The catalytic performance of SO3H‐Biochar@Ag/Cu has been investigated in the oxidative degradation of malachite green oxalate. A total mineralization of the dye has been registered, and the experimental data were found to give a best fitting to the pseudo‐first‐order model. The fitting was relatively good with a mineralization apparent constant rate equals to 65 10−3 min−1. It is worth mentioning that all experiments used a relatively low amount of the composite catalyst (2.5 mg). So to recap, this route takes advantage of the two phases of sugarcane bagasse to generate a robust biochar‐based catalyst, its solid phase to derive biochar substrate with particular properties, and its liquid extract to be used as natural reducing preparation.
Mechanics of dielectric polyamide/SiO2 nanocomposite coatings for cryogenic service in superconductor systems
Authors: Mahon Jacob , Pagliocca Nicholas , Harnack Virginia , Koohbor Behrad , Yu Lei , Hu Xiao , Krchnavek Robert , Xue Wei
Published: September 2022

The implementation of high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) power transmission has the potential to revolutionize the efficiency of electrical grids and help unlock a fully electric transportation infrastructure. Realizing the benefits of HTS systems has been impeded by a lack of available dielectric insulation materials that can (1) withstand the extreme cryogenic operating environment of superconductors and (2) demonstrate low temperature processing that is compatible with existing superconductor manufacturing methods. In this study, a silicon dioxide reinforced polyamide (PA/SiO2) nanocomposite with exceptional thermal stability has been developed as a solid dielectric coating solution. Thermomechanical characterization of the fabricated nanocomposite is conducted to explore multi‐scale material property relationships relevant to the sought applications. The multifunctionality of the processed nanocomposite is demonstrated by an improved thermomechanical performance for cryogenic conditions and low temperature processing without decrements in certain mechanical properties. Additional experiments to investigate the nanoparticle‐polymer interfacial mechanics are discussed. Results obtained herein present a viable option to solve the material challenges impeding wider implementation of HTS power transmission.
Development of biobased polyol from epoxidized soybean oil for polyurethane anti‐smudge coatings
Authors: Li Mingyang , Wei Daidong , Zhang Wenchao , Liang Liyan , Yong Qiwen
Published: September 2022

In this work, a vegetable oil‐based polyol (ERD) with high hydroxyl value was obtained from ring‐opening reaction between the renewable epoxidized soybean oil and ricinoleic acid, and further esterified with 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. To achieve anti‐smudge coating, the ERD polyol was utilized as the polyol component, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer was employed as the curing agent, and mono‐hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐OH) was introduced as the low surface energy component. In consequence, the biobased polyurethane anti‐smudge coatings are highly smooth and transparent. With the incorporation of 1 wt% of PDMS‐OH, the obtained coating exhibited superb anti‐ink and self‐cleaning performance. Droplets of water, soy sauce, carbon ink, hexadecane, rice bran oil, and pump oil could slide off the coating surface without leaving any wetting footprints. More importantly, the coating was mechanically robust. Even after the coating was subjected to 2000 writing and erasing cycles with an oil‐based marker pen, it still displayed good ink shrinkage ability and the ink traces could be easily erased. Besides, this anti‐smudge coating retained its good hydrophobicity after being soaked in aqueous solutions with different pH values for 24 h. Therefore, the application of this biobased anti‐smudge coating would offer a lower carbon footprint than its petroleum‐based counterparts.
Stabilization for nonlinear fractional‐order time‐varying switched systems
Authors: Peng Xiao , Wang Yijing , Zuo Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with the global asymptotic stabilization problem for discontinuous nonlinear time‐varying switched systems in the sense of fractional‐order. Via the designed periodic switching law, some criteria are firstly developed. It is shown that the derivatives of the constructed Lyapunov functions are allowed to be indefinite. Several corollaries are further derived, and some existing results can be regarded as special cases of our obtained results. Finally, our findings are verified by three numerical examples and one experiment.
Non‐small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Chen Peixin , Liu Yunhuan , Wen Yaokai , Zhou Caicun
Published: September 2022

In China, lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use, family history, radiation exposure, and the presence of chronic lung diseases. Most early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations. Population‐based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China. The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC, thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers. In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor monotherapy and PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China. In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology's guidelines for NSCLC, maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC. In this review, we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology, biology, molecular pathology, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Trends in utilization of first‐line palliative treatments for anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Radhakrishnan Srinidhi J. , Goksu Suleyman Y. , Radhakrishnan Saikripa M. , Beg Muhammad S. , Sanford Nina N. , Kazmi Syed M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Anal squamous cell carcinoma patients often present with significant symptoms, including pain, bleeding, and obstructive symptoms. This requires palliation‐directed therapy as a first‐line treatment to alleviate symptoms. The proportion of patients receiving first‐line palliative treatments is unknown. We aimed to study the factors associated with the use of first‐line palliative treatments in stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Methods

We used the National Cancer Database to identify adult patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2016. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with the utilization of palliative treatment in the first‐line setting, including palliative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and pain management.

Results

Among 16,944 patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma, only a small proportion of 492 (2.9%) required first‐line palliative treatments to control symptoms. The majority of these patients received palliative radiotherapy (32%), followed by palliative surgery (25%), palliative chemotherapy (19%), combination therapies (14%), and pain management (10%). On multivariable analysis, higher stage disease, lower income, Medicare and Medicaid insurance, and life expectancy <6 months were associated with higher odds of use of first‐line palliative therapy.

Conclusions

First‐line use of palliative treatments to control symptoms is needed in a small proportion of anal squamous cell cancer patients. It was utilized in all stages, but it was most frequently observed in patients with stage IV disease and patients with <6 months life expectancy. First‐line palliative therapy was also more frequent in lower‐income patients and patients with Medicare and Medicaid insurance which highlights the disparities in anal cancer management.
A phase II study of antiangiogenic therapy (Apatinib) plus chemotherapy as second‐line treatment in advanced small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Yinghui , Wang Xu , Sun Chao , Gao Zhiru , He Hua , Qiu Shi , Guo Ye , Ma Xiaohui , Song Junya , Ma Kewei
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Currently, only a few options are available for the treatment of patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) after the failure of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus chemotherapy for second‐line treatment of advanced SCLC.

Patients and Methods

This prospective clinical trial recruited patients treated with apatinib plus second‐line chemotherapy until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Logrank test power analysis was used for calculating samples. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results

A total of 29/31 enrolled patients were available for response evaluation until October 2019. The ORR and DCR were 27.59% (8/29) and 96.55% (28/29), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 7.36 months and 14.16 months, respectively, indicating better efficacy compared with the standard second‐line chemotherapies. The most common adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (41.94%, 13/31), followed by leucopenia (35.48%, 11/31) and thrombocytopenia (25.81%, 8/31). The grade 3–4 AEs occurred in 12 (38.71%) patients, of which neutropenia (19.35%, 6/31), leucopenia (9.68%, 3/31), and proteinuria (6.45%, 2/31) were most common. Patients receiving an initial dose of apatinib 250 mg had a better tolerance.

Conclusion

Antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy had encouraging efficacy in advanced SCLC patients, which provides an insight into the current status of second‐line therapy in SCLC.
Evaluation of an artificial intelligence support system for breast cancer screening in Chinese people based on mammogram
Authors: Bao Chengzhen , Shen Jie , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yan , Wei Wei , Wang Ziteng , Ding Jia , Han Lili
Published: September 2022

Background

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiologists on breast cancer with or without artificial intelligence (AI) support.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed. In total, 643 mammograms (average age: 54 years; female: 100%; cancer: 62.05%) were randomly allocated into two groups. Seventy‐five percent of mammograms in each group were randomly selected for assessment by two independent radiologists, and the rest were read once. Half of the 71 radiologists could read mammograms with AI support, and the other half could not. Sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, agreement rate, Kappa value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the reading time of radiologists in each group were analyzed.

Results

The average AUC was higher if the AI support system was used (unaided: 0.84; with AI support: 0.91; p < 0.01). The average sensitivity increased from 84.77% to 95.07% with AI support (p < 0.01), but the average specificity decreased (p = 0.07). Youden's index, agreement rate and Kappa value were larger in the group with AI support, and the average reading time was shorter (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The AI support system might contribute to enhancing the diagnostic performance (e.g., higher sensitivity and AUC) of radiologists. In the future, the AI algorithm should be improved, and prospective studies should be conducted.
Anticholinergic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Vitex Agnus‐Castus L. Seed Extract: Assessment of Its Phenolic Content by LC/MS/MS
Authors: Kavaz Arzu , Işık Mesut , Dikici Emrah , Yüksel Mehmet
Published: September 2022

In this current study, Vitex agnus‐castus seed ethanol extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical component content, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities, and antibacterial properties. The phenolic compound composition of these seeds was determined by using LC/MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of the seeds was examined by the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing, and CUPRAC. Also, the anticholinergic activity was measured by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The main phenolic compound was vanillic acid (22812.05 μg/L) and followed by luteolin, fumaric acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, butein, ellagic acid, resveratrol, catechin hydrate, phloridzin dehydrate, naringenin, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging value of ethanol extract of plant seeds was 9.41 %, while the ABTS radical scavenging activity was determined as 12.66 %. The ethanol extract of the seeds exhibited antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, differently. S. aureus was found to be more susceptible to the extract than other bacteria. Also, the inhibition effect of seed ethanolic extract on the AChE with IC50 values were 36.34±5.6 μg/mL. From the results, V. agnus‐castus seed can be suggested as a promising natural antioxidant and antibacterial candidate for the preservation of foods.
Doing procedures for patients rather than to patients
Authors: Malik Shahbaz A. , Goldsweig Andrew M.
Published: September 2022

Key Points

Frailty is a multifactorial condition by which aging and medical complexity diminish the ability of the body to withstand stressors.

In patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), frailty is associated with postoperative complications, 30‐day mortality, 3‐month mortality, and 1‐year mortality.

Development of accurate and easy‐to‐use frailty assessment tools can facilitate selection of appropriate patients for TAVR as well as guide TAVR‐inappropriate patients to other treatment pathways such as medical therapy and palliative care
Finding the best protocol for shock
Authors: Reilly John P. , Chen On
Published: September 2022

Key Points

Guidance of mechanical circulatory support by an SOP may help improve patient selection for MCS.

Sharing strategies that Improve patient selection for the various MCS strategies can help improve survival and reduce the risk of device associated complications.

Randomized trials comparing different treatment strategies in patients presenting with AMI and CS are needed to clear the answer.
Blocking short‐term gains
Authors: Eng Marvin H.
Published: September 2022

Key Points

The National Inpatient Survey (NIS) corroborates left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with less pacemaker implantation than right bundle branch block (RBBB).

Rates of inpatient pacemaker implantations have trended lower over time, possibly due to improvement of patient selection, implant technique and perhaps due to early discharge protocols.

Care should be exercised when inferring the rates of pacemaker implantation from an inpatient only database when patients have been known to develop late heart block and sometimes require readmission.
The identification of a novel frameshift insertion mutation in the EXT1 gene in a Chinese family with hereditary multiple exostoses
Authors: Liu Wanlu , Shi Xinwei , Li Yuqi , Qiao Fuyuan , Wu Yuanyuan
Published: September 2022

To identify the pathogenic gene variation in a Chinese family with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME). By examining blood‐sourced DNA and clinical manifestations of the proband and his family members, the whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to detect possibly pathogenic mutations. A novel heterozygous mutation (c.325dup) was identified in exon 1 of the exostosin 1 (EXT1) gene from the proband and the affected family members. And we found this mutation was absent in all the unaffected family members. This c.325dup mutation is in the exon 1 domain of the EXT1 gene and the change of p.C109Lfs*80 cause the early termination of protein translation. The identification of the novel frameshift insertion mutation (c.325dup) expands the mutation spectrum of HME, which provides new evidence for HME diagnosis.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy on a tubal stump: A case report
Authors: Homagain Sushan , Kharal Nawaraj , Khanal Himal , Shahi Tejash , Pandey Jyoti , Katuwal Neeta
Published: September 2022

Tubal stump ectopic pregnancy is a rare event. Early diagnosis and management can spare patients from significant morbidity; however, patients usually present with hemoperitoneum in developing countries. A long tubal stump might increase the risk for tubal stump pregnancy; hence, the length of fallopian tube should be minimized during salpingectomy.
Recent Developments in Methanol Technology by Air Liquide for CO2 Reduction and CO2 Usage
Authors: Haag Stéphane , Drosdzol Christopher , Williams Bryce , Peña Vincent , Palauschek Norbert , Wilken Michael , Günther Armin , Gronemann Veronika , Roesch Alexander
Published: September 2022

Within the energy transition and decarbonization of the industrial sector, one of the main challenges is identifying competitive solutions to capture CO2 from chemical and energy plants to reduce emissions. The reduction of the carbon footprint as well as the valorization of CO2‐rich gases are of increasing interest for many industries and methanol is a perfect fit for energy storage, for producing clean fuels, and as building block for producing high value chemicals. In this article, an update of recent developments by Air Liquide Engineering & Construction regarding methanol technology is provided, focusing on CO2 reduction of large‐scale plants and on new solutions for CO2 utilization. For large‐scale methanol plants, drop‐in solutions using carbon capture technologies can be proposed to dramatically decrease the CO2 emissions.
In‐situ monitoring of decane‐in‐water emulsion during microwave irradiation
Authors: Ueda Shota , Nakanishi Sari , Shibatani Atsuya , Asakuma Yusuke , Phan Chi
Published: September 2022

Microwave (MW)‐assisted de‐emulsification has been attractive in processes of petroleum production and refining. However, the mechanism and optimal operation remain poorly understood. In this study, the behaviour of decane‐in‐water emulsion under MW irradiation was monitored in‐situ through a size measurement system equipped with the reactor and surface tension profiles. The results indicated that the bubble was formed around the oil droplet during MW irradiation. The MW‐induced bubbles can enhance de‐emulsification in a similar mechanism as the flotation column. The efficiency of MW de‐emulsification depends on emulsion content and MW power. Although a higher MW power is more effective, boiling caused by excessive energy must be considered due to the higher local heating. As a result, moderate power is more desirable. For the decane‐in‐water emulsions in this study, the optimal condition was determined to be around 500 W.
Chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells and their clinical application in infectious disease
Authors: Qian Chen , Bo Xiao‐Chen , Hao Jia‐Qi , Wang Zeng , Li Bin
Published: September 2022

Infectious diseases remain a major burden on global public health and socio‐economic stability. Despite that great progress has been made in the development of drugs, the resulting drug resistance remains a major problem. Patients with no response or recurrence need alternative treatment strategies. The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy that achieves great success in treating cancer provides new opportunities for treating infectious diseases. It has a series of advantages in targeting, efficacy, and durability. In this review, we discussed different CAR strategies for infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, human cytomegalovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza A virus and Aspergillus germlings. Among all these infectious diseases, CAR therapy for HIV has been the most studied, so in this review, we mainly reported on recent developments in preclinical and clinical studies on anti‐HIV CARs and highlighted their structural evolution. The current advantages, challenges and potential improvements of CAR therapy in infectious diseases were discussed as well. We also compared CAR‐T cells applied to tumours and infectious diseases in the final part.
Cytologic features of metastatic epithelioid uterine leiomyosarcoma to the pancreas
Authors: Hardy Naomi L. , Canakis Andrew , Staats Paul N. , Darwin Peter , Legesse Teklu
Published: September 2022

Although uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare disease, it accounts for a significant proportion uterine cancer‐related deaths due to frequent metastasis and chemoresistance. The WHO currently recognizes the conventional (spindle), myxoid, and epithelioid variants of ULMS, the latter of which is the rarest, least understood, and cited as clinically more aggressive than the other variants. Descriptions of the histologic features of epithelioid ULMS are extremely limited, and are absent from the cytology literature which has only published descriptions of conventional ULMS or epithelioid variants of other LMS primaries. Therefore, we present a unique case of metastatic epithelioid ULMS to an unusual location, the pancreas, along with its cytologic features on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration not previously described including pseudoglandular arrangements, scant cytoplasm, and frequent molding.
The first documentation of the Nearctic–Paleotropical migratory route of the Arctic Warbler
Authors: Adams Evan M. , Stenhouse Iain J. , Gilbert Andrew T. , Boelsma Jill , Gress George , Weidensaul C. Scott , Grigsby Charles , Williams Emily J. , Phillips Laura , McIntyre Carol L.
Published: September 2022

The Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) is a cryptically plumed songbird with an uncommon Nearctic–Paleotropical migratory strategy. Using light‐level geolocators, we provide the first documentation of the migratory routes and wintering locations of two territorial adult male Arctic Warblers from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. After accounting for position estimation uncertainties and biases, we found that both individuals departed their breeding grounds in early September, stopped over in southeastern Russia and China during autumn migration, then wintered in the Philippines and the island of Palau. Our documentation of Arctic Warbler wintering on Palau suggests that additional study is needed to document their wintering range. Our study provides hitherto unknown information on stopover and wintering locations for Arctic Warblers and indicates that this species may migrate further overwater than previously thought.
The chemical biogeography of a widespread aromatic plant species shows both spatial and temporal variation
Authors: Keefover‐Ring Ken
Published: September 2022

Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, but intraspecific variation in space and time can alter the ecological interactions these compounds mediate. The aim of this work was to document the spatial and temporal chemical biogeography ofMonarda fistulosa. I collected leaves from 1587M. fistulosaindividuals from 86 populations from Colorado to Manitoba, extracted and analyzed their terpenes with gas chromatography, mapped monoterpene chemotypes, and analyzed chemical variation with principal component analysis. I also measured the amounts of terpenes in different plant tissues to examine intraplant variation and monitored leaf terpene chemistry over a single growing season to examine temporal patterns. Finally, I extracted terpenes from herbarium samples up to 125 years old and compared the chemotypes with recent samples from the same sites.M. fistulosapopulations consisted mostly of thymol (T) and carvacrol (C) chemotypes, but geraniol (G) and (R)‐(−)‐linalool (L), a chemotype new to this species, were also present. A principal component analysis showed that most of the chemical variation across populations was due to the amounts of the dominant terpene in plants. Intraplant tissue chemistry revealed that leaves mostly had the greatest amounts of terpenes, followed by floral structures, stems, and roots. Short‐term temporal variation in leaf chemistry of T and C plants over a growing season showed that plants produced the highest levels of biosynthetic precursors early in the season and their dominant monoterpenes peaked in mid‐summer. Plant chemotype was discernable in the oldest herbarium samples, and 15 of 18 historic samples matched the majority chemotype currently at the site, indicating that population chemotype ratios may remain stable over longer time scales. Overall, the results show that plant species' secondary chemistry can vary both spatially and temporally, which may alter the biological interactions that these compounds mediate over space and time.
Use of Carbon Nitrides as Photoactive Supports in Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysis for Synthetic Purposes
Authors: Gentile Giuseppe , Marchi Miriam , Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio , Filippini Giacomo
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the field of dual photocatalysis has become an increasingly popular tool for the functionalization of organic substrates under mild operative conditions. Single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs), where the metal atoms are stabilized by means of properly structured photoactive supports, are currently one of the frontiers of this research field. To this end, Carbon Nitrides (CNs) have emerged as ideal two‐dimensional semiconducting supports, capable of stabilizing single metal sites (for instance: nickel, iron, among other) through nitrogen‐rich structures. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of carbon nitride‐based SACs and their applications in light‐driven dual‐catalytic processes, also providing forward‐looking opportunities within this research area.
Demand response‐based operation of a hybrid renewable energy system with energy storage by multi‐objective optimization and multi‐criteria decision making
Authors: Bakhshaei Peyman , Askarzadeh Alireza , Arababadi Reza
Published: September 2022

Hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and pumped hydro storage (PHS) can be a promising renewable energy‐based system. In such system, optimal operation with respect to reliability is a vital and challenging issue. This paper proposes a multi‐objective framework for optimal operation of an on‐grid PV‐PHS hybrid energy system (HES). For this aim, as the first stage, a multi‐objective model is defined in which operation cost (OC) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP) are considered as objective functions and power purchased from the grid and incentive value (used for demand response) are regarded as decision variables. Multi‐objective crow search algorithm (MOCSA) is developed to find a well‐distributed and widely spread Pareto front. At the second stage, a multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) method is proposed to evaluate and rank non‐dominated solutions from the best to worst. To conduct MCDM, technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is utilized. On the case study, simulation results show that a high reliability system is suggested in which LPSP, OC and incentive values are 0, 35.2 $ and 0.068 $/kW, respectively.
Influence of tar–char interaction on solid fuel formation by co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and waste plastic
Authors: Sasaki Yuta , Kato Mai , Komiyama Masaharu , Loong Glen Khew Mun , Tanoue Ken‐ichiro
Published: September 2022

Co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and plastic powder was conducted in order to investigate how to produce “ecological” solid fuel. The mixing percentage of the powders wp and the setting temperature of the reactor wall TS were changed. At TS = 573 K the decomposition of the simulated waste plastic was progressed on the surface of the bamboo char during co‐pyrolysis while the tar from bamboo pyrolysis was wrapped by the molten plastic. The pores on the surface of the bamboo particles decreased with wp because they could be wrapped by the molten plastic. The particle size increased with wp. On the other hand, at TS = 673 K the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and simulated waste plastic was disturbed partly by the interaction during co‐pyrolysis of polypropylene (PS) and Polyethylene terephthalate while the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and PS was progressed. The grindability increased with TS and decreased with wp as most of the molten plastic coagulated after co‐pyrolysis because the shape of particles changed from small fibrous particles to large granular particles with wp. At 30 wt% < wp < 70 wt%, the higher heating value (HHV) at TS = 673 K was mostly lower than that at TS = 573 K because the char yield in the mixture was lower than that of the expected char yield due to the progress of the simulated waste plastic pyrolysis at TS = 673 K. The energy yield had a local minimum value at wp = 10 wt% because the char yield increased by the coating of molten plastic during co‐pyrolysis even if the TS increased. The energy yield decreased with TS. The optimum condition for the solid fuel, which was evaluated by grindability, HHV, and energy yield was TS = 623 K and wp = 10 wt%.
Dry reforming of methane over Ni/ZrO2 and NiCu/ZrO2 thin layer nanocatalysts in a microchannel reactor: The effect of coating time
Authors: Kazemi Pouya , Moradi Gholamreza
Published: September 2022

In this study, the performance of thin film Ni/ZrO2 and NiCu/ZrO2 catalysts in a microchannel reactor in the dry methane reforming reaction (DRM) is investigated. Thin film nanocatalysts are prepared by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. GIXRD, FESEM‐Cross, FESEM‐Surface, and EDX analyzes are used to evaluate the properties of thin film nanostructures. The results show that in addition to the addition of copper as a promoter, a change in the coating time causes a change in the formation of the thin layer and the growth mechanism of the layers. Reactor tests are evaluated at temperatures ranging from 700°C to 800°C, at P = 1 atm, with a CH4:CO2 ratio of 1. Results of this study are compared with two other studies in fixed bed reactors that show the microchannel reactor has better performance. The presence of copper on Ni/ZrO2 could have significant effects on the stability of hydrogen production and the reduction of carbon deposition. Thin film Ni/ZrO2 catalyst with 2 min coating time and NiCu/ZrO2 catalyst with NiCu weight ratio of 4: 1 with 1 min coating time at 800°C show the best performance in terms of hydrogen production and H2/CO ratio (1.43 for a sample of Ni/ZrO2 and 1.68 for a sample of NiCu/ZrO2).
Experimental studies of solar still with tar‐coated blue metal stones: Energy and exergy study
Authors: Arani Rajendra Prasad , Vaithilingam Sivakumar , Selvaraj Kalaivani , Afzal Asif
Published: September 2022

In the present manuscript, performance studies of Solar Still (SS) were studied for the climatic conditions of Erode, India. Three different experiments were conducted: Conventional SS (CSS), CSS incorporated with blue metal stones, and CSS incorporated with tar‐coated blue metal stones. Furthermore, the energy and exergy efficiency of the CSS is evaluated. The daily‐distilled yield by incorporating the tar‐coated blue metal stones in CSS is 3.21 Kg and blue metal stones in CSS is 2.89 Kg with augmentation of 34.4% and 27%, respectively than the CSS. The distilled water production during daytime (8 a.m.–6 p.m.) from the CSS, CSS incorporated with blue metal stones, and CSS incorporated with tar‐coated blue metal stones is 2.02, 2.59, and 2.83 kg, respectively. Similarly distilled water production during nighttime (7 p.m. to 11 p.m.) is 0.08, 0.29, and 0.39 kg, respectively. The distilled water production during daytime and nighttime from the CSS incorporated with tar‐coated blue metal stones and CSS incorporated with blue metal stones are 28.3%, 22%, 78.6%, and 71.7% higher than the day‐time and night‐time yield from the CSS. Also, the energy and exergy efficiency of the CSS incorporated with tar‐coated blue metal stones and CSS incorporated with blue metal stones is 21.6% and 1.63%, and 20% and 1.4%, respectively.
The long‐term surgical outcomes of low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumors
Authors: Xie Ming‐Guo , Wang Xiong‐Fei , Qiao Jiao , Zhou Jian , Guan Yu‐Guang , Liu Chang‐Qing , Zhao Meng , Li Tian‐Fu , Luan Guo‐Ming
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and relevant prognostic factors in patients with low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEAT) and, especially, to develop a scoring system to predict postoperative seizure outcomes.

Methods

The clinical data of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for LEAT were retrospectively studied. The surgical outcomes of seizure and neurological statuses in patients were evaluated using Engel classification and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scoring, respectively. A scoring system of seizure outcomes was constructed based on the weight of the β‐coefficient estimate of each predictor in the final multivariate predicting model of seizure outcomes.

Results

Of the 287 patients (106 female) enrolled, the median age was 19 years at surgery and 10 years at seizure onset, with a median duration of epilepsy of 60 months. Among 258 patients who were followed up for at least 12 months, 215 (83.3%) patients had a favorable seizure outcome (Engel class I) after surgery, and 43 (16.7%) patients had an unfavorable seizure outcome; longer duration of epilepsy, discordant magnetoencephalography (MEG) findings, and acute postoperative seizures were significantly included in the scoring system to predict unfavorable seizure outcomes, and in the scoring system, accumulated scoring of 0–19 scores was recorded, which were finally grouped into three risk levels: low risk (risk < 30%), medium risk (30% ≤ risk < 70%), and high risk (risk ≥ 70%). In addition, favorable neurological outcomes (mRS score 0–1) were recorded in 187 (72.5%) patients, while unfavorable neurological outcomes were recorded in 71 (27.5%) patients, which were significantly related to poor seizure control, older age at surgery, and longer duration of epilepsy and hospitalization time.

Significance

The long‐term surgical outcomes of LEAT after surgery were satisfactory. A scoring system for predicting unfavorable seizure outcomes with different risk levels was developed, which could partly guide clinical treatments of LEAT.
Effectiveness of perampanel as the only add‐on: Retrospective, multicenter, observational real‐life study on epilepsy patients
Authors: Gasparini Sara , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Neri Sabrina , Cianci Vittoria , Iudice Alfonso , Bisulli Francesca , Bonanni Paolo , Caggia Emanuele , D'Aniello Alfredo , Di Bonaventura Carlo , DiFrancesco Jacopo C. , Domina Elisabetta , Dono Fedele , Gambardella Antonio , Marini Carla , Marrelli Alfonso , Matricardi Sara , Morano Alessandra , Paladin Francesco , Renna Rosaria , Striano Pasquale , Pascarella Angelo , Ascoli Michele , Aguglia Umberto ,   PEROC Study Group
Published: September 2022

Objective

Perampanel (PER) is indicated as adjunctive antiseizure medication (ASM) in adolescents and adults with epilepsy. Data from clinical trials show good efficacy and tolerability, while limited information is available on the routine clinical use of PER, especially when used as only add‐on treatment.

Methods

We performed an observational, retrospective, multicenter study on people with focal or generalized epilepsy aged >12 years, consecutively recruited from 52 Italian epilepsy centers. All patients received PER as the only add‐on treatment to a background ASM according to standard clinical practice. Retention rate, seizure frequency, and adverse events were recorded at 3, 6, and 12 months after PER introduction. Subanalyses by early or late use of PER and by concomitant ASM were also conducted.

Results

Five hundred and three patients were included (age 36.5 ± 19.9 years). Eighty‐one percent had focal epilepsy. Overall, the retention rate was very high in the whole group (89% at 12 months) according with efficacy measures. No major differences were observed in the subanalyses, although patients who used PER as early add‐on, as compared with late add‐on, more often reached early seizure freedom at 3‐month follow‐up (66% vs 53%, P = .05). Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 25%, far less commonly than in PER randomized trials.

Significance

This study confirms the good efficacy and safety of PER for focal or generalized epilepsy in real‐life conditions. We provide robust data about its effectiveness as only add‐on treatment even in patients with a long‐standing history of epilepsy and previously treated with many ASMs.
Effect of boundary condition on the cyclic response of I‐shaped steel columns: Two‐story subassemblage versus isolated column tests
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Lai Yun‐Chuan , Xiong Hou‐Chun , Lin Te‐Hung , Uang Chia‐Ming , Mosqueda Gilberto , Ozkula Gulen , El‐Tawil Sherif , McCormick Jason P.
Published: September 2022

Recent studies on isolated steel columns under combined axial load and cyclic lateral drift showed that the column response is affected by the boundary condition. To consider more realistic boundary conditions of first‐story columns in a frame, two‐and‐a‐half story beam‐column subassemblages were tested to investigate their behavior under reversed cyclic loading. The subassemblages, composed of a steel column with steel beams at two floor levels, used highly ductile I‐shaped sections with web slenderness of either 37 or 49. Two isolated fixed‐fixed columns were tested to facilitate a direct comparison with the subassemblage testing. An axial compression force corresponding to 20% of the yield force was applied. Test results showed that the realistic boundary condition at the top end of the first‐story column significantly alters the column plastic hinging, moment distribution, and out‐of‐plane deformation reported previously based on isolated column testing. Plastic hinging of the adjoining beams caused the inflection point of the first‐story column to move upward initially, then moved downward when plastic hinging developed at the column base. Out‐of‐plane deformation observed from isolated columns did not occur in the subassemblage column because hinging did not occur at the top end. Plastic components of the backbone curves for both the subassemblage column and isolated column were very similar; the former delivered a larger story drift angle rotation due to a larger yield rotation, dependent on the elastic lateral stiffness of the column. A closed‐form solution that calculates this stiffness for any boundary condition was developed and verified from test results.
Optimization of the numerical treatment of the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid with chemical reaction by using artificial neural networks
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Çolak Andaç Batur , Sindhu Tabassum Naz
Published: September 2022

In this study, Darcy Forchheimer flow paradigm, which is a useful paradigm in fields such as petroleum engineering where high flow velocity effects are common, has been analyzed with artificial intelligence approach. In this context, first of all, Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid along a permeable stretching surface with convective boundary conditions has been examined and heat and mass transfer mechanisms have been investigated by including the effect of chemical process, heat generation/absorption, and activation energy. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model has been used to analyze heat transfer properties. Within the scope of optimizing Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid; three different artificial neural network models have been developed to predict Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient values. The developed artificial neural network model has been able to predict Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin friction coefficient values with high accuracy. The findings obtained as a result of the study showed that artificial neural networks are an ideal tool that can be used to model Darcy–Forchheimer Ree–Eyring fluid flow towards a permeable stretch layer with activation energy and a convective boundary condition.