bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of adolescent girls with cystic fibrosis and parents on disease‐specific sexual and reproductive health education
Authors: Kazmerski Traci M. , Hill Kelsey , Prushinskaya Olga , Nelson Eliza , Greenberg Jonathan , Pitts Sarah AB , Borrero Sonya , Miller Elizabeth , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Adolescent girls with cystic fibrosis (CF) face significant disease‐specific sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns that are not typically addressed in routine clinical care. Additionally, there is a paucity of developmentally appropriate CF‐specific SRH educational resources for this population. The goal of this study was to explore patient and parent attitudes toward SRH educational resources for adolescent girls with CF.

Methods

Adolescent girls ages 13‐18 years with CF and parents of daughters ages 10‐18 years with CF completed individual, semi‐structured interviews regarding their experiences and preferences around CF‐specific SRH education and care. To facilitate discussion, participants provided feedback on the format and design of existing SRH educational resources. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

We interviewed 26 participants (14 parents and 12 patients). The majority reported they had never discussed SRH in the CF care setting. All participants preferred a comprehensive, online patient educational resource complemented by real patient stories and interactive components. Participants noted that such resources should create a sense of normalcy and community around CF and female SRH. Most desired more frequent communication around SRH between adolescent girls with CF and their healthcare providers as a way to promote SRH knowledge, decision making, and health outcomes.

Discussion

Adolescent girls with CF and their parents desire an online patient educational resource that normalizes SRH and enhances patient‐provider communication around these topics. Creation of developmentally appropriate resources would facilitate improved health outcomes around this aspect of comprehensive care in CF.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 4 (Sleep medicine)
Authors: Tapia Ignacio E. , Noah Terry L.
Published: April 2018

Pediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article (Part 4 of a 5‐part series), we summarize the past year's publications in sleep medicine, in the context of selected literature in this area from other journals. Articles are highlighted on topics including diagnosis and treatment of OSAS, sleep duration and position, and sleep disorders in chronic disease.
Analyzing the effect of derivatives on the financial soundness of commercial banks in Italy: An approach based on the CAMELS framework
Authors: Keffala Mohamed Rochdi
Published: April 2018

Italian economy is among the biggest economies in the Europe which suffered from the repercussions of the global financial crisis during this last decade. The weakness of Italian banking system coincides with the common debate about the implication of derivatives in the distress of banks’ soundness. Thus, the aim of our research is to examine the effect of derivative instruments on the banks’ soundness in Italy. To reach our goal, the CAMELS approach is employed to define the soundness of Italian commercial banks. To overcome the endogeneity issue of variables, an appropriate econometric procedure, namely the dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM system) is applied using data from 22 commercial banks in Italy over the period 2005–2015. Explanatory variables are defined by derivative instruments (forwards, swaps, options, and futures), bank‐specific variable (bank's size as non‐CAMELS variable), industry‐specific variables (CR3, CR5, and HHI as indicators of bank's sector and market concentrations), and country‐specific variables (GDP and inflation). The main results reveal that the majority of the CAMELS indicators are favorably affected by derivative instruments especially forwards and options. The most important conclusion is that using derivative instruments does not threaten the financial soundness of commercial banks in Italy. As major implication decision‐makers and experts—after the global financial crisis—should not consider derivatives in part as responsible of the fragility of the Italian banking system.
Measuring the new reality
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: April 2018

Latin American media consumption is changing fast, with digital and mobile leading the way. We asked experts in several key markets what this means for both advertising and research.
Counting eyeballs in the ‘media everywhere’ age
Authors: Bowman Jo
Published: April 2018

Cross‐platform measurement is possible right now … but the complexity of tracking, understanding and monetising audiences is a challenge that remains largely unsolved. Jo Bowman asks the media heads at Kantar, Nielsen, GfK and comScore about how they're defining “media” now, how they're measuring it, and whether demographics and reach are making way for data on individuals and ad effectiveness metrics.
Don't Back Down
Authors: Chaibi Laura
Published: April 2018

The Future of Reseach… Media & Advertising
Determining Viewership
Authors: Sanchez Juan Carlos
Published: April 2018

Juan Carlos comments on the question ‘without an accepted cross platform currency, how do you determine your viewership?’
An Insights Association Initiative: Insights to Impact
Authors: Chadwick Simon
Published: April 2018

Research World asked market research associations to tell us more about their initiatives in 2018. Our aim is that you, our readers, have a 1 stop shop in understanding where to go for what initiatives. First in this issue is the Insights Association and their Insights to Impact Initiative.
Mechanical Property of Hydrogels Regulated by Different Ratios of Latex Particles and Hydrophobic Segments
Authors: Li Siliang , Dai Jinlan , Gao Guanghui , Ren Xiuyan , Xia Shan , Gao Yang , Wang Qing , Duan Lijie
Published: April 2018

The introduction of latex particles into hydrogels has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the mechanical strength. For latex particles toughened hydrogels, however, the effect of crosslinking ways from latex particles and hydrophobic segments on the mechanical property has not been clearly explored. In this investigation, different ratios of latex particles and hydrophobic segments were introduced into hydrogels and the crosslinking ways included latex particles filling, hydrophobic segment aggregation induced by latex particles, simultaneous latex particles and polymeric micelles. The mechanical property was measured via stretching, loading‐unloading process, compression and rheology. Subsequently, an energy dissipation model was established and the theoretical results were proved to be consistent with the experimental tests. As a result, it was envisioned that the theoretical model could predicted mechanical predictability for a new generation of latex particles hydrogels.
The seasonal trophic link between Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis reared for mass release
Authors: Takai Noriyuki , Kawabe Koh , Togura Kenta , Kawasaki Kentaro , Kuwae Tomohiro
Published: April 2018

The feeding ecology of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) during the breeding season in the Kano River basin, central Japan, was examined to clarify the trophic relationship between the cormorants and ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) reared for mass release in the river. The ayu was most frequently found in stomachs of cormorants culled during the breeding season, despite relatively poor catch in the year‐round fish fauna research in the watershed. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of some ayu individuals extracted from the stomachs of the culled cormorants were similar to the isotopic values of ayu caught in the watershed, whereas the other stomach‐content ayu showed peculiarly high nitrogen isotopic values, clearly distinct from the values of the ayu caught in the watershed, and overlapped with the values of mass‐release ayu. Furthermore, isotopic values of past diets inferred by the isotope analysis of livers of the culled cormorants were closer to the values of the mass‐release ayu, relative to the past diet values inferred by the analysis of the cormorant muscles. This suggests that the food supply from the mass‐release ayu had increased in the breeding season, since the isotopic turnover rate is faster in livers than in muscles. The huge number of formula‐fed ayu released in the watershed create an anthropogenic food chain which is assumed to significantly support the breeding of the cormorants.
Good to Be Novel? Understanding How Idea Feasibility Affects Idea Adoption Decision Making in Crowdsourcing
Authors: Chan Kimmy Wa , Li Stella Yiyan , Zhu John Jianjun
Published: April 2018

Soliciting novel ideas from the crowd is a paradigm shift for innovation that gains increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. However, studies examining the relationship between the novelty of crowdsourced ideas and firms’ idea adoption decisions are surprisingly rare. This research adopts the path-of-least-resistance (POLR) theory as a new theoretical angle to examine the role of idea feasibility as a key heuristic cue mediating the effect of idea novelty on adoption decisions. We further explore factors that may amplify or mitigate this mediation. Using data collected from a laboratory experiment and a firm-sponsored crowdsourcing community, we reveal that firms tend to follow the POLR by using idea feasibility as meta-information to evaluate novel ideas in their idea adoption decisions. However, this tendency depends on external stimuli and constraints, such that the mediation of idea feasibility exists only when idea favorability from the crowd is low or when an ideator's prior ideation participation is high. Our supplementary study further offers preliminary insights on the extension of our proposed effects to the ultimate success of adopted ideas. These findings illuminate a better understanding of firms’ idea adoption decisions and suggest ways to manage idea crowdsourcing effectively for new product/service development and improvements.
Stiff Person Syndrome With Evidence of Nonspecific Focal Myositis Secondary to Sustained Muscle Contraction: A Case Report
Authors: No Seung‐Wook , Im Il‐Kyu , Kim Du Hwan
Published: April 2018

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neuroimmunological disorder characterized by progressive muscular rigidity and spasms that affect axial and limb muscles. There have been a few reports that patients with SPS had evidences of polymyositis. There have been no clear explanations about the characteristics of polymyositis in SPS. We report the case of a 36‐year‐old woman with SPS in association with nonspecific focal myositis secondary to sustained muscle contraction. She presented with stiffness and pain in her extremities, and diazepam and baclofen were ineffective. With immunotherapy, her serum creatinine kinase levels reduced; however, her clinical symptoms progressively worsened.

Level of Evidence

V
Adapting the Harris Matrix for Software Stratigraphy
Authors: Reinhard Andrew
Published: April 2018

In 1979, Edward C. Harris invented and published his eponymous matrix for visualizing stratigraphy, creating an indispensable tool for generations of archaeologists. When presenting his matrix, Harris also detailed his four laws of archaeological stratigraphy: superposition, original horizontal, original continuity, and stratigraphic succession. In 2017, I created the first stratigraphic matrix for software, using as a test the 2016 video game No Man's Sky (Hello Games). Software (games or otherwise) obeys all four of Harris's laws, software applications/programs themselves being digital archaeological sites. I study the archaeology of the recent past, which includes digital technology, specifically that which is ephemeral: software. This article describes my underlying theory of software stratigraphy and explains how (and why) the Harris matrix is appropriate for documenting software development in a visual way. The article includes my complete data set as well as screen captures, plus overall and detail photos of my hand-drawn software matrix prototype, followed by a bullet-pointed how-to guide for others to use when documenting the history of any computer program. I also include Harris's personal comments that he shared with me after reviewing my preliminary results.
A CONSTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF A RUSSELL-STYLE RAMIFIED TYPE THEORY
Authors: PALMGREN ERIK
Published: April 2018

In this article we examine the natural interpretation of a ramified type hierarchy into Martin-Löf type theory with an infinite sequence of universes. It is shown that under this predicative interpretation some useful special cases of Russell’s reducibility axiom are valid, namely functional reducibility. This is sufficient to make the type hierarchy usable for development of constructive mathematical analysis in the style of Bishop. We present a ramified type theory suitable for this purpose. One may regard the results of this article as an alternative solution to the problem of the proliferation of levels of real numbers in Russell’s theory, which avoids impredicativity, but instead imposes constructive logic. The intuitionistic ramified type theory introduced here also suggests that there is a natural associated notion of predicative elementary topos.
The ‘Last Hurrah of the Reigning Darwinulocopines’? Ostracoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, Arizona and Utah, USA
Authors: Antonietto Lucas S. , Park Boush Lisa E. , Suarez Celina A. , Milner Andrew R.C. , Kirkland James I.
Published: April 2018

An ostracode fauna is described from lacustrine sediments of the Hettangian, Lower Jurassic, Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation. The Moenave is well known for its rich, Late Triassic?–Early Jurassic fossil record, which includes fossil fishes, stromatolites, ostracodes, spinicaudatans, and a diverse ichnofauna of invertebrates and vertebrates. Four ostracode species, all belonging to the suborder Darwinulocopina, were recovered from these sediments:Suchonellina globosa,S. stricta,Whipplella? sp. 1, andW.? sp. 2. The diversity and composition of the Whitmore Point Member ostracode fauna agree with previous interpretations about Lake Dixie and nearby paleoenvironments as shallow lakes inhabited by darwinulocopine species that survived the effects of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the subsequent end-Triassic extinction and quickly recolonized these areas, thanks to asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis. The Lake Dixie region, in its geographical isolation, could represent the last episode of darwinulocopine dominance in nonmarine environments before the Late Jurassic diversification of the cypridocopine/cytherocopine modern ostracodes.
Fine Water: A Blind Taste Test
Authors: Capehart Kevin W. , Berg Elena C.
Published: April 2018

To test whether consumers can distinguish among different bottled waters and, if so, whether they prefer some to others, we recruited more than 100 subjects to participate in a blind taste test that consisted of four brands of bottled water featured in a restaurant's water menu and a guidebook to fine waters. The tasting involved three successive experiments. First, our subjects tried to distinguish bottled waters in a sensory discrimination test. They were only slightly better than random chance at doing so. Next, they rated bottled waters and tap water on a 14-point scale used at an international water competition. Some subjects preferred the inexpensive tap water to any of the bottled waters, and there was no association or a weak negative association between a bottled water's price and its rating. Finally, our subjects tried to distinguish tap from bottled water while matching the bottled waters to expert descriptions. They were no better than random chance at doing either of those things. Similar results have been found in previous taste tests of beer and wine. Overall, our results suggest consumers do not have strong preferences over different bottled waters to the extent they can even tell a difference. (JEL Classifications: D12, Q25)
Divergence in nutrient concentration, in vitro degradation and gas production potential of spineless cactus genotypes selected for insect resistance
Authors: Santos R. D. , Neves A. L. A. , Santos D. C. , Pereira L. G. R. , Gonçalves L. C. , Ferreira A. L. , Costa C. T. F. , Araujo G. G. L. , Scherer C. B. , Sollenberger L. E.
Published: April 2018

Forage cactus is an important dry-season feed source for livestock in semi-arid regions, but in north-eastern Brazil, its contribution is limited by susceptibility to the carmine cochineal [Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell)] insect. New cactus germplasm shows superior agronomic performance, but the nutritive value of this material has not been adequately described. The objective of the current study was to assess the divergence in chemical composition and rate and extent of in vitro degradation of these genotypes. The treatments were 13 spineless cactus genotypes, eight of which were insect resistant types, two semi-resistant and three susceptible to the carmine cochineal. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and were replicated three times. Nutritional divergence was assessed using canonical variate analysis and hierarchical agglomerative clustering, using the variables: crude protein, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, degradation rate and potential dry matter degradation. Five distinct nutritional groups were identified: Group I (OO), Group II (F-13 and F-15), Group III (OEA, OEM, COP, IPA 20 and GG), Group IV (V-16 and F-08) and Group V (Miuda, IS and F-21). Group II (F-13 and F-15; resistant genotypes) showed a chemical composition degradability in vitro suggesting it may have the greatest nutritive value as ruminant feed, while Group I had the least. Spineless cactus genotypes resistant to the carmine cochineal showed nutritional characteristics similar to or better than traditionally used cactus genotypes, such as Gigante and IPA 20, which can expand the range of options for using this forage.
Mbarrumbathama (Lamalama)
Authors: Verstraete Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2018

Mbarrumbathama is a clan-named variety of Lamalama, a language of Cape York Peninsula, in the northeast of Australia. Together with Umbuygamu (Ogilvie 1994, Sommer 1998, Verstraete 2017) and Rimanggudinhma (Godman 1993), Lamalama forms the Lamalamic subgroup of Paman languages (Laycock 1969, Rigsby 1997, Verstraete 2018), themselves a subgroup of Pama-Nyungan (Hale 1964, 1966; see also Bowern & Atkinson 2012). The language is no longer spoken, but it is traditionally associated with about 20 clans (as reconstructed by Rigsby 1999, 2014) belonging to the southern shores of Princess Charlotte Bay, on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula (see Figure 1). The clans’ estates are mainly coastal, extending from the Normanby River mouth in the east to about 10 km west of the North Kennedy River mouth, but they also include some inland estates (see Rigsby 1992: 356).
Tibet's Minority Languages: Diversity and endangerment
Authors: ROCHE GERALD , SUZUKI HIROYUKI
Published: April 2018

Asia is the world's most linguistically diverse continent and its diversity largely conforms to established global patterns that correlate linguistic diversity with biodiversity, latitude, and topography. However, one Asian region stands out as an anomaly in these patterns—Tibet, which is often portrayed as linguistically homogenous. A growing body of research now suggests that Tibet is linguistically diverse. In this article, we examine this literature in an attempt to quantify Tibet's linguistic diversity. We focus on the minority languages of Tibet—languages that are neither Chinese nor Tibetan. We provide five different estimates of how many minority languages are spoken in Tibet. We also interrogate these sources for clues about language endangerment among Tibet's minority languages and propose a sociolinguistic categorization of Tibet's minority languages that enables broad patterns of language endangerment to be perceived. Appendices include lists of the languages identified in each of our five estimates, along with references to key sources on each language. Our survey found that as many as 60 minority languages may be spoken in Tibet and that the majority of these languages are endangered to some degree. We hope our contribution inspires further research into the predicament of Tibet's minority languages and helps support community efforts to maintain and revitalize these languages.
Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality predict next-day suicidal ideation: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Littlewood Donna L. , Kyle Simon D. , Carter Lesley-Anne , Peters Sarah , Pratt Daniel , Gooding Patricia
Published: April 2018

Background

Sleep problems are a modifiable risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Yet, sparse research has examined temporal relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and psychological factors implicated in suicide, such as entrapment. This is the first in-the-moment investigation of relationships between suicidal ideation, objective and subjective sleep parameters, and perceptions of entrapment.

Methods

Fifty-one participants with current suicidal ideation completed week-long ecological momentary assessments. An actigraph watch was worn for the duration of the study, which monitored total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency. Daily sleep diaries captured subjective ratings of the same sleep parameters, with the addition of sleep quality. Suicidal ideation and entrapment were measured at six quasi-random time points each day. Multi-level random intercept models and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the links between sleep, entrapment, and suicidal ideation, adjusting for anxiety and depression severity.

Results

Analyses revealed a unidirectional relationship whereby short sleep duration (both objective and subjective measures), and poor sleep quality, predicted the higher severity of next-day suicidal ideation. However, there was no significant association between daytime suicidal ideation and sleep the following night. Sleep quality moderated the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening levels of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report night-to-day relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and entrapment. Findings suggest that sleep quality may alter the strength of the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening suicidal ideation. Clinically, results underscore the importance of assessing and treating sleep disturbance when working with those experiencing suicidal ideation.
Tree analysis modeling of the associations between PHQ-9 depressive symptoms and doctor diagnosis of depression in primary care
Authors: Chin Weng-Yee , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Dowrick Christopher , Arroll Bruce , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: April 2018

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between patient self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) symptoms and doctor diagnosis of depression using a tree analysis approach.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis on a dataset obtained from 10 179 adult primary care patients and 59 primary care physicians (PCPs) across Hong Kong. Patients completed a waiting room survey collecting data on socio-demographics and the PHQ-9. Blinded doctors documented whether they thought the patient had depression. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and conditional inference decision tree modeling.

Results

PCPs diagnosed 594 patients with depression. Logistic regression identified gender, age, employment status, past history of depression, family history of mental illness and recent doctor visit as factors associated with a depression diagnosis. Tree analyses revealed different pathways of association between PHQ-9 symptoms and depression diagnosis for patients with and without past depression. The PHQ-9 symptom model revealed low mood, sense of worthlessness, fatigue, sleep disturbance and functional impairment as early classifiers. The PHQ-9 total score model revealed cut-off scores of >12 and >15 were most frequently associated with depression diagnoses in patients with and without past depression.

Conclusions

A past history of depression is the most significant factor associated with the diagnosis of depression. PCPs appear to utilize a hypothetical-deductive problem-solving approach incorporating pre-test probability, with different associated factors for patients with and without past depression. Diagnostic thresholds may be too low for patients with past depression and too high for those without, potentially leading to over and under diagnosis of depression.
PATERNALISMS AND NUDGES
Authors: Scoccia Danny
Published: April 2018

Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein (T/S) have defended ‘nudges’ aimed at smoking, overeating, etc. as a ‘means’ paternalism that leaves its targets ‘better off as judged by themselves’. Their libertarian critics have charged that these behaviours are often perfectly rational and that the nudges would ‘impose’ on their targets ‘ends’ that they reject. This paper argues that whether or not the behaviours are rational is difficult to say, but the critics are right in claiming that T/S fail to take seriously their targets’ true preferences. This is evident, in particular, in Sunstein's recent reply to an ‘autonomy objection’ to nudging. The upshot is that the nudging paternalism T/S support cannot be defended as a means paternalism that is deferential to its targets’ own ends or values. The only way to defend it is via a ‘prudential’ paternalism that, given the preferences of many of its targets, will often be ‘ends’ paternalism.
Realizability in ordered combinatory algebras with adjunction
Authors: SANTOS WALTER FERRER , GUILLERMO MAURICIO , MALHERBE OCTAVIO
Published: April 2018

In this work, we continue our consideration of the constructions presented in the paperKrivine's Classical Realizability from a Categorical Perspectiveby Thomas Streicher. Therein, the author points towards the interpretation of the classical realizability of Krivine as an instance of the categorical approach started by Hyland. The present paper continues with the study of the basic algebraic set-up underlying the categorical aspects of the theory. Motivated by the search of a full adjunction, we introduce a new closure operator on the subsets of the stacks of an abstract Krivine structure that yields an adjunction between the corresponding application and implication operations. We show that all the constructions from ordered combinatory algebras to triposes presented in our previous work can be implemented,mutatis mutandis, in the new situation and that all the associated triposes are equivalent. We finish by proving that the whole theory can be developed using the ordered combinatory algebras with full adjunction or strong abstract Krivine structures as the basic set-up.
An unexpected case of post-operative superior caval vein syndrome
Authors: Peng Lynn , Wise-Faberowski Lisa
Published: April 2018

Superior caval vein obstruction in children after congenital heart surgery has been more associated with thrombosis formation as result of single-ventricle palliation, infection, indwelling devices/catheters, or external compression. Many of these patients will present to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory for evaluation and possible intervention. We present an unusual case of superior caval vein obstruction in a patient after Tetralogy of Fallot repair.
Introduction: Spectral Thinking
Authors: CROSS JONATHAN
Published: April 2018

Can we any longer usefully speak of spectral music, beyond a very particular moment in Paris in the 1970s? Though the label still has a currency, the validity of the term has long been disputed even by its key practitioners. Gérard Grisey preferred to speak of liminal music, music on a threshold, and of spectralism as an attitude rather than a set of techniques. Yet a shared curiosity about the inner life of sounds, stimulated by an engagement with technology, certainly enabled a radical rethinking and renewal of how music could speak. Spectral thinking enabled composers to re-engage with time, with listening, with memory. Through this spectral node flowed all other kinds of music, which flowered in all sorts of new and varied directions. A heightened awareness of the properties of sound prompted new modes of musical thought and expression. Spectralism also represented a renewal of what might be understood more broadly as modernist thinking in the music of the later twentieth century. Spectral thinking – rather than merely the science of the spectrum of sound – acknowledges the importance for so-called spectral music of a wider set of concerns that engage with time, space, listening, nature, and society.
Mixture copulas and insurance applications
Authors: Tamraz Maissa
Published: April 2018

In the classical collective model over a fixed time period of two insurance portfolios, we are interested, in this contribution, in the models that relate to the joint distributionFof the largest claim amounts observed in both insurance portfolios. Specifically, we consider the tractable model where the claim counting random variableNfollows a discrete-stable distribution with parameters (α,λ). We investigate the dependence property ofFwith respect to both parametersαandλ. Furthermore, we present several applications of the new model to concrete insurance data sets and assess the fit of our new model with respect to other models already considered in some recent contributions. We can see that our model performs well with respect to most data sets.
LOGICAL CONTEXTUALITY IN FREGE
Authors: HALIMI BRICE
Published: April 2018

Logical universalism, a label that has been pinned on to Frege, involves the conflation of two features commonly ascribed to logic: universality and radicality. Logical universality consists in logic being about absolutely everything. Logical radicality, on the other hand, corresponds to there being the one and the same logic that any reasoning must comply with. The first part of this paper quickly remarks that Frege’s conception of logic makes logical universality prevail and does not preclude the admission of different contexts of discourse. The paper then aims to make it clear how Frege’s universalism can make sense of contextuality. Drawing on a suggestion made by Frege in his discussion of Hilbert, it shows that a properly Fregean notion of model can be devised. Taking up a suggestion from Wilfrid Hodges and William Demopoulos that the non-logical constants of a formal language can be compared to indexicals, this paper shows,paceHodges and Demopoulos, that such an understanding of non-logical constants is not beyond Frege’s horizon. A formal framework, based on the modern tool of fibrations, is set out to explain and justify this point. This framework allows one to compare Frege and Tarski, by formalizing Frege’s suggestion and by presenting Tarski’s semantics in a generalized setting.
Carbon Budgets of Mesozooplankton Copepod Communities in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean—Regional and Vertical Patterns Between 24°N and 21°S
Authors: Bode Maya , Koppelmann Rolf , Teuber Lena , Hagen Wilhelm , Auel Holger
Published: April 2018

The copepods' impact on vertical carbon flux was assessed for stratified depth layers down to 2,000 m at six stations along a transect between 24°N and 21°S in the eastern Atlantic Ocean in October/November 2012. Total copepod community consumption ranged from 202 to 604 mg C m−2 day−1, with highest ingestion rates in the tropical North Atlantic. Calanoids consumed 75–90% of the particulate organic carbon (POC) ingested by copepods, although the relative contribution of cyclopoids (mostly Oncaeidae) increased with depth. Net ingestion (= consumption − fecal pellet egestion) of POC varied from 106 to 379 mg C m−2 day−1 for calanoids and 37–51 mg C m−2 day−1 for cyclopoids, corresponding to 16–58% and 5–9%, respectively, of primary production (PP). In total, 9–33% and 2–5% of PP were respired as inorganic carbon by calanoids and cyclopoids, respectively. Copepod ingestion was highly variable between stations and depth layers, especially in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic zone. Diel vertical migrants such as Pleuromamma enhanced the vertical flux to deeper layers, particularly in the region influenced by the Benguela Current. The impact of copepod communities on POC flux decreased below 1,000 m, and POC resources reaching the bathypelagic zone were far from being fully exploited by copepods. As key components, copepods are important mediators of carbon fluxes in the ocean. Their biomass, community composition, and interactions strongly affect the magnitude of organic carbon recycled or exported to deeper layers. High variability, even at smaller vertical scales, emphasizes the complex dynamics of the biological carbon pump.
Capturing Structural Changes of Solar Blasts en Route to Earth
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2018

Comparison of magnetic field structures for 20 coronal mass ejections at eruption versus Earth arrival highlights the importance of tracking structural evolution to refine space weather predictions.
Medium‐Range Forecast Skill for Extraordinary Arctic Cyclones in Summer of 2008–2016
Authors: Yamagami Akio , Matsueda Mio , Tanaka Hiroshi L.
Published: April 2018

Arctic cyclones (ACs) are a severe atmospheric phenomenon that affects the Arctic environment. This study assesses the forecast skill of five leading operational medium‐range ensemble forecasts for 10 extraordinary ACs that occurred in summer during 2008–2016. Average existence probability of the predicted ACs was >0.9 at lead times of ≤3.5 days. Average central position error of the predicted ACs was less than half of the mean radius of the 10 ACs (469.1 km) at lead times of 2.5–4.5 days. Average central pressure error of the predicted ACs was 5.5–10.7 hPa at such lead times. Therefore, the operational ensemble prediction systems generally predict the position of ACs within 469.1 km 2.5–4.5 days before they mature. The forecast skill for the extraordinary ACs is lower than that for midlatitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to that in the Southern Hemisphere.
Evaluating the Duration and Continuity of Potential Climate Records From the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, East Antarctica
Authors: Kehrl Laura , Conway Howard , Holschuh Nicholas , Campbell Seth , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Spaulding Nicole E.
Published: April 2018

The current ice core record extends back 800,000 years. Geologic and glaciological evidence suggests that the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, East Antarctica, may preserve a continuous record that extends further back in time. In this study, we use ice‐penetrating radar and existing age constraints to map the internal stratigraphy and age structure of the Allan Hills Main Ice Field. The dated isochrones provide constraints for an ice flow model to estimate the age of ice near the bed. Previous drilling in the region recovered stratigraphically disturbed sections of ice up to 2.7 million years old. Our study identifies a site ~5 km upstream, which likely preserves a continuous record through Marine Isotope Stage 11 with the possibility that the record extends back 1 million years. Such records would provide new insight into the past climate and glacial history of the Ross Sea Sector.
Auroral Hiss Emissions During Cassini's Grand Finale: Diverse Electrodynamic Interactions Between Saturn and Its Rings
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Persoon A. M. , Menietti J. D. , Ye S.‐Y. , Gurnett D. A. , Píša D. , Farrell W. M. , Dougherty M. K.
Published: April 2018

The Cassini Grand Finale orbits offered a new view of Saturn and its environment owing to multiple highly inclined orbits with unprecedented proximity to the planet during closest approach. The Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument detected striking signatures of plasma waves in the southern hemisphere. These all propagate in the whistler mode and are classified as (1) a filled funnel‐shaped emission, commonly known as auroral hiss. Here however, our analysis indicates that they are likely associated with currents connected to the rings. (2) First observations of very low frequency saucers directly linked to the planet on field lines also connected to the rings. The latter observations are unique to low altitude orbits, and their presence at the Earth and Saturn alike shows that they are fundamental plasma waves in planetary ionospheres. Our results give an insight, from a unique perspective, into the dynamic and diverse nature of Saturn's environment.
Systematic mapping of contact sites reveals tethers and a function for the peroxisome-mitochondria contact
Authors: Shai Nadav , Yifrach Eden , van Roermund Carlo W. T. , Cohen Nir , Bibi Chen , IJlst Lodewijk , Cavellini Laetitia , Meurisse Julie , Schuster Ramona , Zada Lior , Mari Muriel C. , Reggiori Fulvio M. , Hughes Adam L. , Escobar-Henriques Mafalda , Cohen Mickael M. , Waterham Hans R. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat
Published: April 2018

The understanding that organelles are not floating in the cytosol, but rather held in an organized yet dynamic interplay through membrane contact sites, is altering the way we grasp cell biological phenomena. However, we still have not identified the entire repertoire of contact sites, their tethering molecules and functions. To systematically characterize contact sites and their tethering molecules here we employ a proximity detection method based on split fluorophores and discover four potential new yeast contact sites. We then focus on a little-studied yet highly disease-relevant contact, the Peroxisome-Mitochondria (PerMit) proximity, and uncover and characterize two tether proteins: Fzo1 and Pex34. We genetically expand the PerMit contact site and demonstrate a physiological function in β-oxidation of fatty acids. Our work showcases how systematic analysis of contact site machinery and functions can deepen our understanding of these structures in health and disease.
Author Correction: Unravelling the effects of mechanical physiological conditioning on cardiac adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells in vitro and in silico
Authors: Llucià-Valldeperas Aida , Bragós Ramon , Soler-Botija Carolina , Roura Santiago , Gálvez-Montón Carolina , Prat-Vidal Cristina , Perea-Gil Isaac , Bayes-Genis Antoni
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Spectrum of antibacterial activity and mode of action of a novel tris-stilbene bacteriostatic compound
Authors: Man Nikki Y. T. , Knight Daniel R. , Stewart Scott G. , McKinley Allan J. , Riley Thomas V. , Hammer Katherine A.
Published: April 2018

The spectrum of activity and mode of action of a novel antibacterial agent, 135C, was investigated using a range of microbiological and genomic approaches. Compound 135C was active against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs for Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 0.12–0.5 μg/ml. It was largely inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. The compound showed bacteriostatic activity in time-kill studies and did not elicit bacterial cell leakage or cell lysis. Checkerboard assays showed no synergy or antagonism when 135C was combined with a range of other antibacterials. Multi-step serial passage of four S. aureus isolates with increasing concentrations of 135C showed that resistance developed rapidly and was stable after drug-free passages. Minor differences in the fitness of 135C-resistant strains and parent wildtypes were evident by growth curves, but 135C-resistant strains did not show cross-resistance to other antibacterial agents. Genomic comparison of resistant and wildtype parent strains showed changes in genes encoding cell wall teichoic acids. 135C shows promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria but is currently limited by the rapid resistance development. Further studies are required to investigate the effects on cell wall teichoic acids and to determine whether the issue of resistance development can be overcome.
Central role of the proximal tubular αKlotho/FGF receptor complex in FGF23-regulated phosphate and vitamin D metabolism
Authors: Takeshita Ai , Kawakami Kazuki , Furushima Kenryo , Miyajima Masayasu , Sakaguchi Kazushige
Published: April 2018

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays critical roles in phosphate handling and vitamin D metabolism in the kidney. However, the effector cells of FGF23 in the kidney remain unclear. αKlotho, a putative enzyme possessing β-glucuronidase activity and also a permissive co-receptor for FGF23 to bind to FGF receptors (FGFRs), is expressed most abundantly in distal convoluted tubules, whereas it is expressed modestly in proximal tubules. Key molecular players of phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are known to localize in proximal tubules. To clarify the direct function of FGF23 on proximal tubules, we ablated αKlotho or Fgfr1–4 genes specifically from these tubules using the Cre-loxP-mediated genetic recombination. Both conditional knockout mouse lines showed similar phenotypes that resembled those of systemic αKlotho or Fgf23 knockout mice. Compared with control mice, they showed significantly elevated levels of plasma phosphate, FGF23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, ectopic calcification in the kidney and aging-related phenotypes like growth retardation, osteoporosis and shortened lifespan. These findings suggest that the primary function of FGF23 on mineral metabolism is mediated through αKlotho/FGFR co-receptors expressed in proximal tubular cells, and that the putative enzymatic function of αKlotho in the proximal tubule has a minor role in systemic mineral metabolism.
An approach to quantum-computational hydrologic inverse analysis
Authors: O’Malley Daniel
Published: April 2018

Making predictions about flow and transport in an aquifer requires knowledge of the heterogeneous properties of the aquifer such as permeability. Computational methods for inverse analysis are commonly used to infer these properties from quantities that are more readily observable such as hydraulic head. We present a method for computational inverse analysis that utilizes a type of quantum computer called a quantum annealer. While quantum computing is in an early stage compared to classical computing, we demonstrate that it is sufficiently developed that it can be used to solve certain subsurface flow problems. We utilize a D-Wave 2X quantum annealer to solve 1D and 2D hydrologic inverse problems that, while small by modern standards, are similar in size and sometimes larger than hydrologic inverse problems that were solved with early classical computers. Our results and the rapid progress being made with quantum computing hardware indicate that the era of quantum-computational hydrology may not be too far in the future.
Author Correction: HDAC3 inhibition ameliorates spinal cord injury by immunomodulation
Authors: Kuboyama Tomoharu , Wahane Shalaka , Huang Yong , Zhou Xiang , Wong Jamie K. , Koemeter-Cox Andrew , Martini Michael , Friedel Roland H. , Zou Hongyan
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
First anatomical network analysis of fore- and hindlimb musculoskeletal modularity in bonobos, common chimpanzees, and humans
Authors: Diogo Rui , Molnar Julia L. , Rolian Campbell , Esteve-Altava Borja
Published: April 2018

Studies of morphological integration and modularity, and of anatomical complexity in human evolution typically focus on skeletal tissues. Here we provide the first network analysis of the musculoskeletal anatomy of both the fore- and hindlimbs of the two species of chimpanzee and humans. Contra long-accepted ideas, network analysis reveals that the hindlimb displays a pattern opposite to that of the forelimb: Pan big toe is typically seen as more independently mobile, but humans are actually the ones that have a separate module exclusively related to its movements. Different fore- vs hindlimb patterns are also seen for anatomical network complexity (i.e., complexity in the arrangement of bones and muscles). For instance, the human hindlimb is as complex as that of chimpanzees but the human forelimb is less complex than in Pan. Importantly, in contrast to the analysis of morphological integration using morphometric approaches, network analyses do not support the prediction that forelimb and hindlimb are more dissimilar in species with functionally divergent limbs such as bipedal humans.
Mixed Bacillus Species Enhance the Innate Immune Response and Stress Tolerance in Yellow Perch Subjected to Hypoxia and Air-Exposure Stress
Authors: Eissa Nour , Wang Han-Ping , Yao Hong , Abou-ElGheit ElSayed
Published: April 2018

Stress enhances the disease susceptibility in fish by altering the innate immune responses, which are essential defense mechanisms. The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in the aquaculture industry. Yellow perch is a promising candidate for aquaculture. We investigated the efficiency of a mixed Bacillus species in minimizing the potential problems resulting from husbandry practices such as hypoxia and exposure to air in yellow perch. We showed that hypoxia and air exposure conditions induced a significant reduction in the early innate immune response (lysozyme activity, interferon-induced-GTP-binding protein-Mx1 [mx], interleukin-1β [il1β], serum amyloid-A [saa]), and a substantial increase in cortisol, heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (Sod1) that associated with a decline in insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1). Mixed Bacillus species administration improved the early innate responses, reduced cortisol, Hsp70, Gpx and Sod1, and elevated Igf1 levels. Bacillus species treated group showed faster recovery to reach the baseline levels during 24 h compared to untreated group. Therefore, mixed Bacillus species may enhance yellow perch welfare by improving the stress tolerance and early innate immune response to counterbalance the various husbandry stressors. Further studies are warranted to investigate the correlations between the aquaculture practices and disease resistance in yellow perch.
Seasonal food habits and prey selection of Amur tigers and Amur leopards in Northeast China
Authors: Yang Haitao , Dou Hailong , Baniya Raj Kumar , Han Siyu , Guan Yu , Xie Bing , Zhao Guojing , Wang Tianming , Mou Pu , Feng Limin , Ge Jianping
Published: April 2018

We analyzed the scats of Amur tigers and Amur leopards, and examined their annual and seasonal food habits in Northeast China to comprehend their coexistence. Wild boar had the highest annual and seasonal consumption frequencies by the tigers, while both roe deer and sika deer were mostly preyed by the leopards annually. The three species appeared to be the key preys in terms of high proportion of consumed biomass by the two felids. Our data also revealed numerous mid-sized carnivores and small mammals included in the two felids’ food list. We used the relative abundance and biomass density estimation in prey density estimation to calculate the prey preferences of tigers and leopards, and both methods confirmed that Amur tigers strongly preferred wild boar. However, preference estimations of Amur leopards were not consistant, or even opposite to one another from the two methods. The results of the study suggested that prey preference of predators is largely determined by body size of the prey species. Variation in diet composition of the two felids suggests that resource partitioning may contribute to their coexistence.