bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products: In vitro Effects on Erosion/Abrasion and Analysis of Formulation Components
Authors: Jung Katja , Kerzel Peter , Hara Anderson T. , Luka Benedikt , Schlueter Nadine , Ganss Carolina
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promoted as biomimetic material in dentistry. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HAP-containing formulations can reduce erosive/abrasive tissue loss and to analyse components in these formulations. Methods: Two HAP toothpastes with and two without fluoride and a HAP mouthrinse were investigated, controls were active agent-free toothpaste, SnF2 toothpaste and F/Sn mouthrinse. For 10 days, human enamel samples were eroded for 2 min, 6×/day in 0.5% citric acid and immersed for 2 min, 2×/day in toothpaste slurries or mouthrinse. Half were additionally brushed for 15 s, 2×/day. The particulate fraction was extracted and examined morphologically and with element analyses. Other parameters were REA, RDA, fluoride and calcium content. Results: The F/Sn mouthrinse almost completely prevented tissue loss; none of the HAP formulations reduced tissue loss compared to the negative control, two increased it instead. Brushing increased tissue loss in all groups except the F/Sn mouthrinse. All toothpastes contained amorphous particles of different sizes. Elemental analysis identified Si and O, and additionally, Ca and P were present in small amounts on the particles of the HAP toothpastes and one HAP+F toothpaste. In the liquid phase, elevated calcium levels were found in one HAP toothpaste and in both HAP+F toothpastes; in the formulation with the highest value, the fluoride concentration was low. REA and RDA values were not associated with tissue loss. Conclusions: Whether alone or in combination with fluoride, HAP formulations had either no or a detrimental effect on erosive tissue loss and could not reduce abrasion. In the context of erosive tooth wear, HAP seems to be neither an alternative to fluoride nor a suitable supplement to it.
Padrões de trajetórias de autoavaliação de saúde e fatores associados no ELSA-Brasil
Authors: D’Oliveira Camila Arantes Ferreira Brecht , Paula Daniela Polessa , Silva-Costa Aline , Aguiar Odaleia Barbosa de , Camelo Lidyane V. , Patrão Ana Luísa , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da , Griep Rosane Härter
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of self-rated health (SRH) trajectories and investigate their association with sociodemographic, occupational, and health factors. METHODS: The sample consisted of 7,738 active public servants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), evaluated from 2008 to 2020. The patterns of SRH trajectories were obtained by eleven time points, using the latent class growth curve. A multinomial logistic model was used to test associations between the exposures and patterns of trajectories of SRH. RESULTS: Three patterns of trajectories of SRH were identified: i- good, ii- moderate, and iii- poor (29%, 61%, and 10% of the participants, respectively). Adjusted results showed that women, mixedrace, frequent work to family or family to work conflict were associated with a greater chance of poor pattern of trajectory of SRH, compared to good pattern. Besides, high school, low income, passive work, high strain, low social support, lack of time selfcare and leisure, overweight, obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, and the presence of comorbidities were associated with a greater chance of moderate and poor pattern of trajectory of SRH, when compared with a good pattern. CONCLUSION: Adverse socioeconomic and occupational conditions, as well as unhealthy lifestyle and comorbidities were associated with worse SRH patterns of trajectories.
Which Gospel? The Militarization of Sacred Texts in Israel’s Genocide in Gaza
Authors: Alkhouri Yousef Kamal
Published: November 2024

Sacred texts have frequently been used to legitimize the oppression and extermination of native peoples. This article argues that Christian and Jewish Zionism, being the ideology of settler-colonialism of Palestine, is genocidal. It showcases the ways sacred texts have been militarized to justify the Zionist settler-colonialism in its genocidal war against the Palestinians. Further, the Israeli military has deployed an Artificial Intelligence military system called ‘the Gospel’. This article poses the question: Which ‘gospel’ would Palestinians think of when they hear this word – that of the Kingdom or of genocide? Applying an empire criticism approach, the article shows the concept carries several connotations – imperial and counter-imperial. The earlier is the imperial ‘Gospel’ of genocide, the latter is the gospel of the kingdom, which is counter-imperial. The church, as an agent of the gospel of kingdom, has to be prophetic in the face of oppression.
The Self-Transformation Process in Kundalini Yoga as Taught by Yogi Bhajan through a Gendered Lens
Authors: Stauffer Laeticia
Published: November 2024

This article examines the self-transformation process in Kundalini yoga discourse and practice from a gendered perspective. Data were collected over three years in Western Switzerland using multi-sited ethnography, combining participant observation with twenty-eight interviews. Using Kundalini yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan and its representations of the ‘feminine’ and ‘masculine’ as a case study, I explore how practitioners adopt gendered rituals. In this tradition, self-transformation is based on concepts of inner strength, sensitivity, and divine femininity, which creates dissonance for some practitioners. Additionally, specific arrangements arise to negotiate (internal) experiential authority, gendered agency, and biography in yoga teaching and teacher–student relationships. Finally, I investigate the interactions between practitioners’ yoga trajectories and their personal and professional lives, observing differences in women’s and men’s experiences.
Cultural Memory and Obstacles Challenging Digital Activist Muslims as Symbolic Violence
Authors: Sevinç Bayram
Published: November 2024

Over the past two decades, Islamic movements and activism in the USA have progressed. The weak part of the explanation models for Islamic activism is an inclusive description of obstacles in the discursive field. These obstacles are essentially sources of symbolic violence in discourse. There is also a debate regarding the discursive representation of Muslims. Native and immigrant Muslims in the USA have struggled against the dominance of external discourses. Therefore, this study examines the essential boundaries and obstacles of the discursive field that activist Muslims (digital activists particularly) encounter when constructing discourses in the USA. In this study, I used the current activism findings to investigate the discursive field’s fundamental boundaries and obstacles. The research proves that barriers such as stigmatization, racialization, nativism, security paradigm, gender, marginalization, and discrimination form the main basis of symbolic violence.
The Search for Clarity: Resort to Advisory Opinions as a Strategy for the Implementation of International Environmental Law
Authors: Meckievi Sol , Viñuales Jorge E.
Published: November 2024

Requests for advisory opinions to international courts and tribunals are on the rise. Of particular note is the fact that, at the time this contribution is prepared, three concern the protection of the environment and, more specifically, climate change. It is intriguing that, at the inter-State level, the advisory route seems to be preferred to the contentious route for this issue. The question is why? This contribution examines this question paying particular attention to the strategic function of advisory proceedings. Our main argument is that such a function is to change the balance between what is deemed to be the rule and what is considered the exception in international law. Specifically, courts and tribunals are asked to state that a conduct or a situation which, for a variety of reasons, is hiding in plain sight as in principle “lawful” is, on closer inspection, in principle “unlawful”. This is a fundamental premise of the search for implementation, as a conduct cannot be regulated if its own (il)legality is dubious.
Unweaving the Tangled Web of Environmental Rights of Children and Future Generations
Authors: Ippolito Francesca
Published: November 2024

The present contribution aims to clarify the notion of “future generations”, reflecting on the extent to which this notion takes into consideration children’s rights, particularly with respect to the environment. After laying the foundations of the analysis, this work will shed light on the potential advantages of using the children’s rights framework to strengthen the promotion of the rights and interests of future generations. Notably, the ambition to enhance future generations’ protection through the children’s rights framework presents several challenges. The first is the risk of downplaying child-specific environmental rights. To overcome this possible tension, the present work argues that the monitoring body of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) should play a more proactive role. In this author’s view, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CteeRC) appears to be the body best suited to strengthening commitment to future generations and guaranteeing a correct balance of competing positions and perspectives.
Restitution and Compensation for Environmental Damage in International Law: Towards an Ecological Approach?
Authors: Di Benedetto Saverio
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the obligations of States to repair environmental damage caused by their internationally unlawful acts. Such obligations are crucial to effectively implement environmental values underlying many rules of international law; however, for many years, these obligations essentially remained on a theoretical plane. Since the beginning of the 21st century, international practice on environmental reparation has been developing. This article intends to investigate whether and to what extent such practice, when establishing reparation for environmental damage, relies on the principles of modern system ecology and thus is able to effectively restore the injured values. To this end, it first addresses in general terms the obligations of restitution and compensation in international law, which are aimed at removing the unlawful injury. Then, it analyses the practice of adjudicating bodies with respect to environmental reparation, namely the UN Compensation Commission, the ICJ and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Finally, the article summarises the research findings on the relevance of an ecological approach for current environmental reparation practice and gives some insights into the interaction between reparation of environmental damage and primary rules on environmental protection.
Victim-Reporting of Instrumental Identity Theft to Law Enforcement in the United States: An Analysis of the Impact of Immigration Status of Victims
Authors: Irvin-Erickson Yasemin
Published: November 2024

This study explores the differences in reporting of instrumental identity theft to law enforcement among United States (US)-born White, non-Hispanic (NH), US-born racial/ethnic minority, and immigrant victims. Data from the 2021 National Crime Victimization Survey Identity Theft Supplement were used to complete descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Reporting of instrumental identity theft to law enforcement was least frequent among immigrant victims and most frequent among US-born racial/ethnic minority victims. Immigrant victims of instrumental identity theft were significantly less likely than US-born racial/ethnic minority victims to report their victimization to law enforcement. The most common reason for victims among all immigration groups to not report their instrumental identity theft victimization to law enforcement was another organization taking care of the issue. The percentage of victims who did not think about reporting their victimization to law enforcement was significantly higher among immigrant victims of instrumental identity theft and significantly lower among US-born White, NH victims. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Material religion, colonial heritage, and building modernity in Brazil
Authors: Toniol Rodrigo , Araujo Marcella
Published: November 2024

This article takes the relation between religious buildings and cities as its starting point. Unlike the majority perspective in Latin America, our focus in this article is not on the construction of temples but on the disputes arising from the demolition of religious buildings. We argue that demolition implies the decomposition of religious materialities and their circulation in other spaces: museums, public buildings, and other churches. This article focuses on two cases to explore the tensions between a modern city project and Brazil’s colonial past heritage. The articulating element of these two axes is the perspective that we face (yet another) tension between religion and modernity, which, in this case, is spatially inscribed.
Narrative Disruption: Evolving Narcofeminism Storyshare
Authors: Simon Caty , Roberts Lindsay , Vincent Louise , Koval Ryann , Ortiz-Adames Dinah , Tsinas Glyceria , Adams Heather Brook , Nichols Tracy R.
Published: November 2024

Narcofeminism Storyshare is an iterative storyshare model developed by NC Survivors Union, a harm reduction and advocacy organization led by directly impacted people, that uses autobiographical story development by women and gender diverse people who use drugs to disrupt stigmatizing societal narratives, achieve healing for individuals and communities, and spark organizing and structural change. We describe the theoretical frameworks behind Narcofeminism Storyshare, including the international movement of narcofeminism, narrative theory, and stigma reduction theory. We detail the components of the Narcofeminism Storyshare process–structural analysis conversations, group editing, one-on-one peer editing, grounding our stories in the evidence base, completing various types of story exercises that Narcofeminism Storyshare has developed, the creation of trauma-informed spaces, and the utilization of the stories in advocacy and trainings for health and social service professionals. Finally, we conclude by describing lessons learned while developing the model that may be useful for other organizations working in this capacity as well as by outlining the model's unique contribution to the field.
The Recovery of the Communal Lands: Territorial Struggle and Political Subjectivation in San Miguel Chimalapa, Mexico
Authors: Pérez Ochoa María Fernanda
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the struggle for the recovery of communal lands by groups inhabiting the Chimalapas region in the municipality of San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca, between the 1970s and 1990s. I focus on the process of political subjectivation (or political subject formation), understood here as the sphere of politicization under which these sectors articulated discourses and practices of insubordination that allowed them to materialize their collective demand for access to communal lands. I begin with a historical overview of the private appropriation of land in the Chimalapas during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the emergence of agrarian problems in the region. I subsequently analyze the elements that allowed for the cohesion of this subject formation process and the deployment of land recovery strategies in eastern San Miguel. Finally, I address the internalization of the struggle experience among new sectors, and how land recovery has extended to the municipality’s southern border.

El presente texto ofrece una aproximación a la lucha por la recuperación de tierras comunales emprendida por sectores chimalapas en el municipio de San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca, entre las décadas de 1970 y 1990. Para ello, nos centramos en el proceso de subjetivación política, entendido como el ámbito de politización bajo el cual estos sectores articularon discursos y prácticas de insubordinación que les permitieron materializar su demanda colectiva de acceso a las tierras comunales. Iniciamos con un panorama histórico sobre la apropiación privada de la tierra en los Chimalapas durante los siglos XIX-XX y el surgimiento de la problemática agraria en esta región. Posteriormente, analizamos los elementos que cohesionaron el proceso de subjetivación y el despliegue de la recuperación de tierras de la zona oriente de San Miguel, para finalmente observar la interiorización de la experiencia de lucha en nuevos sectores y la expansión de la recuperación a la frontera sur del municipio.
Resonant Organizing and Thriving in the Post-growth Era: Diffractive entanglements in a case of social organizing
Authors: D’Antone Simona , Geiger Susi , Fuschillo Gregorio
Published: November 2024

This paper formulates an affirmative non-binary conceptual basis for rethinking the growth/‘post-growth’ binary in the context of repair thinking. We propose the twin notions of resonant organizing and thriving as new imageries of a ‘hopeful’ organizing for a better world in transitional times. These notions arise from our diffractive engagement with Anna Tsing’s reflections on frictions and Hartmut Rosa’s notion resonance, which we brought into dialogue with a case of a solidarity initiative that sprang up in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic – SpesaSospesa. Our findings contribute to the current post-growth debate by: (1) shifting post-growth organizing’s focus from trying to overcome capitalist expansionist striving toward contaminating its building blocks; (2) theorizing ways in which post-growth organizations may thrive in space and time, relationally; and (3) proposing resonant organizing as a form of reflexive and transformative thriving that expands by constantly rethinking its basic elements. Our research thus contributes to the broader political project of repair crystallizing in organization studies that seeks to help alternative economies exit their marginal role and accomplish their transformative potential.
Early results of female patients who underwent mitral valve surgery through periareolar incision approach
Authors: Kocaoglu Alper Selim , Ovali Cengiz
Published: November 2024

Background

Approaches that require less invasive procedures, offer heal in a shorter time and provide better cosmetic results have gained importance with the technological and modern developments in cardiac surgery. Esthetically preferred results can be achieved after heart valve surgery using a periareolar incision, especially in female patients. In the present study, we aimed to present our results after surgery using periareolar incision in female patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the 1-year follow-up results in the postoperative period of isolated mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair with mitral valve replacement using a periareolar incision with direct observation in 32 patients between 2020 and 2023. At the end of 1-year follow-up, we evaluated the patients’ visual satisfaction with the incision site using a visual analog scale.

Results

According to the postoperative follow-up results, no prosthetic mitral valve dysfunction was detected in any of the patients at the 1st year echocardiography controls. Mild tricuspid valve insufficiency was detected in 3 patients who underwent tricuspid valve repair. Besides, a high level of satisfaction was observed in the patients’ incision site evaluations with a visual analog scale at the end of the first year, and no numbness was reported in the periareolar region in any of the patients.

Conclusion

Our study shows that surgical results similar to conventional methods can be achieved with the periareolar approach, and patient satisfaction and recovery times are shorter and more satisfying. We also think that the periareolar incision can be made without videoassisted equipment and this may reduce the surgical cost.
Improved Lateral Resistance Test: Investigating the Effect of a Partial Uplift Restraint during a Single Sleeper Push Test
Authors: Słodczyk Iwo , Whittle Jacob , Fletcher David , Gitman Inna , Danks Stephen , Whitney Brian
Published: November 2024

Conventional railway sleeper (tie) lateral resistance tests often assess small lateral displacements (∼2 mm) and do not consider the vertical displacement (uplift) of sleepers through lateral plane rotation which, for installed sleepers, is constrained by the supported rail. Consequently, unrestrained tests tend to underpredict the lateral resistance achievable in service. This paper describes an alternative single sleeper push test (SSPT) methodology in which railway sleepers are restrained during laboratory lateral resistance tests, with a passive restraint system used to limit sleeper uplift. The lateral resistance of concrete and steel sleepers has been investigated using a SSPT in a ballast box with and without the use of the new restraint system. It has been found that, when unconstrained, both concrete and steel sleepers uplift, with the greatest uplift values seen for steel sleepers. In the more realistic restrained configuration, the lateral resistance of the concrete sleeper increased. The steel sleeper saw an even greater increase in lateral resistance and furthermore experienced a rising lateral resistance with increasing lateral displacements. An existing model was used, and expanded, to predict the buckling stability of track for both restraint conditions, with significantly lower minimum buckling temperatures found for both sleeper types when free to uplift. This study shows that partial restraint of sleepers, as imposed by the rail in track, has a tangible influence on the sleeper lateral resistance during push tests compared with unrestrained tests. The results of this study enhance the understanding of sleeper behavior during lateral track shifts, which has the potential to improve buckling risk mitigation strategies.
Effectiveness of Dental Homecare Protocols in Unscaled Dogs
Authors: Gawor Jerzy , Jank Michał , Harvey Colin E. , Nicolas Celine S.
Published: November 2024

Many dental homecare products are marketed, several of which have been evaluated using a “clean tooth” protocol (the teeth are scaled at the start of the trial). The efficacy of dental products in dogs that have not had their teeth professionally cleaned (“dirty tooth model”) has been studied far less often. Some dogs for which professional dental cleaning is indicated will not have their teeth cleaned because of anesthetic risk or for other reasons. In this study, 6 dental homecare products were evaluated against a negative control group; none of the dogs received professional dental cleaning at the start of the study. The home care protocols tested were: brushing every other day using a toothpaste, feeding a dental chew once daily (VF), adding a water additive in the water daily (AQ), brushing once a week + VF daily, brushing once a week + AQ daily, VF + AQ daily. Dental deposits (plaque and calculus) and periodontal health were assessed on awake dogs, before and after receiving the assigned homecare regimen for 8 weeks. Results were compared with an untreated control group. Dental deposits were reduced by regular mechanical action (brushing or VF daily). Periodontal health status was improved when AQ daily was combined with either brushing once a week or VF daily. Two scoring techniques useful for determining a recommendation from a veterinarian to commence home oral hygiene or recommend dental scaling as a necessary first step are described.
Proposing a neuro-fuzzy controller to compensate for the effect of disturbances on the MED-TVC desalination system
Authors: Khajehnamaghi Sobhan , Nazari Mohsen , Nazari Mostafa , Pilevar Omid , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Zhang Chunwei
Published: November 2024

Due to climate changes and disturbances in the steam production of power plants, multi-effect desalination (MED) plants are facing two possible disturbances: pressure change in motive steam (MS) and temperature change in seawater. Therefore, a controller is needed to compensate for these disturbances. However, the dynamics of these systems are highly nonlinear. Hence, a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy Logic Controller (TSKFLC) is designed for a MED-TVC1 on an industrial scale with four effects, and a condenser. This novel model-free controller is designed by training a neuro-fuzzy network using an input-output dataset extracted from an experimentally validated mathematical model that considers the ejector malfunctions. Hence, the dynamics of the system is fully considered in the controller because it is trained by its own input-output dataset. The controller performance in the first effect brine level regulation as the output of the closed-loop system is investigated in facing changes in the motive steam pressure (MSP) and inlet seawater temperature (SWT) as the main disturbances to prevent the phenomenon of flooding or emptying and possible damages. The behaviors of the open-loop and closed-loop systems in the presence of these disturbances are investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-input-single-output (MISO) controller is so fast in facing disturbances. According to the results, by increasing MSP to 25 bar, it can be seen that the level of brine in the first effect decreased sharply, and the whole space is filled with vapor, which this phenomenon is called emptying. On the other hand, by decreasing the pressure, the level of brine reached 47.65 cm which is fourth times higher than the steady mode, and it brings a new phenomenon called flooding. Moreover, simulation results show that MSP has a higher impact compared to SWT. Also, according to the results, the system needs only 400 s to reach a stable situation showing the fast performance of the neuro-fuzzy controller facing disturbances.
Experimental research on friction and wear behavior of dissimilar steel composite structure developed by wire arc-DED process for an automobile brake rotor application
Authors: Murugesan Kumar , Lenin Singaravelu D , Krishnan Ravikumar , Palani Manoj Maria Raj
Published: November 2024

Recent applications of dissimilar composite structures produced through the wire arc-direct energy deposition process are indispensable across various industries due to their lightweight hybrid components and superior mechanical and tribological properties. This process enables a novel way to fabricate of custom-designed, high-performance composite structures that optimize friction, wear resistance, and mechanical characteristics. The present study focuses on developing a dissimilar steel composite structure using wire arc additive manufacturing process, with tribological and microstructural investigations conducted to understand the interfacial wear properties of the alloys. Standardized specimens were prepared to assess their friction and wear behavior through pin-on-disc wear test-rig. Experimental results show that the composite specimens exhibit enhanced wear resistance even under extreme sliding conditions (50 N applied load and 2400 m sliding distance), with tribolayer formation confirmed through FESEM micrographs and EDAX analysis. The highest specific wear rate (SWR) (3.87E-04 mm³/Nm) was observed at 50 N, 6.28 m/s, and 1600 m sliding distance, with a friction coefficient of 0.26. Adhesive wear was identified as the dominant wear mechanism between the specimen and the counterpart. Taguchi's multiresponse optimization indicated that sliding distance had the most significant effect on SWR and friction coefficient, followed by applied load and sliding velocity.
Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates myocardial cell damage caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation via regulating the NORAD/miR-144-3p axis
Authors: Qian Duo , Wen Jie , Yuan Yawei , Wang Long , Feng Xiaona
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of lncRNA NORAD in Sevoflurane (Sev) protection against myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R).

Methods

Preprocess rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells with Sev at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, and subjected them to H/R treatment. qRT-PCR was used to detect levels of NORAD and miR-144-3p. Measure concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, as well as cardiac injury markers cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH using ELISA. Assess cell proliferation and apoptosis using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Perform dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay to validate the targeting relationship between NORAD and miR-144-3p.

Results

H/R induced inhibition of cell proliferation, increase in apoptosis, and production of IL-6, TNF-α, CK-MB, LDH, and cTnI were significantly attenuated by Sev. As hypoxic treatment time lengthened, the NORAD levels in myocardial cells showed an increase, with Sev pretreatment being able to suppress the NORAD levels elevation. The overexpression of NORAD notably weakened the cardioprotective effect of Sev. NORAD targetedly binds to miR-144-3p and negatively regulates miR-144-3p. Increased miR-144-3p levels inhibited the antagonistic effect of NORAD on the cardioprotective effects of Sev.

Conclusion

The current study confirmed that sevoflurane attenuated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via the NORAD/miR-144-3p axis.
Outbreaks of mushroom poisoning associated with acute kidney injury
Authors: Adibelli Zelal , Sermenli Hayrunisa Bas , Uc Ziynet Alphan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The outbreak of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to mushroom poisoning is not a frequently encountered medical challenge. Herein, we present 13 mushroom poisoning cases associated with AKI related to Amanita Proxima (A. Proxima) causing poisoning reported in a short time period in Turkey.

Methods

A total of 13 patients with AKI due to mushroom poisoning admitted to Usak Research and Training Hospital between November and December 2020 were included. Under morphological and microscopical investigations of mushroom specimens (from three patients), the species of the mushrooms were identified.

Results

The median age of 13 patients presenting with AKI due to mushroom poisoning was 55 (ranging between 19 and 72 years), and 60.4% were males. Nausea and vomiting were the first symptoms in most patients and appeared at a mean time of 12.8 ± 7.6 h after ingesting mushrooms. Mean serum creatinine on admission was 7.2 ± 3.8 mg/dL. Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) was administered to all patients, and mortality occurred in two due to sepsis and heart failure (HF). Species of the mushroom specimens obtained from three patients were identified as A. Proxima, a rarely encountered type of mushroom. A. Proxima has a considerable similarity to a common and edible species specific to the Mediterranean Basin, known as A. Ovoidea.

Discussion

Based on our findings, we emphasize the consideration of nephrotoxic mushrooms of the genus Amanita in the evaluation of mushroom poisoning cases, as well as the efforts needed to increase public awareness regarding the risk of fatal outcomes of consuming wild mushrooms.
Model-based optimal randomization procedure for treatment–covariate interaction tests
Authors: Liu Zhongqiang
Published: November 2024

Linear models are extensively used in the analysis of clinical trials. However, required model assumptions (e.g. homoscedasticity) may not be satisfied in practice, resulting in low power of treatment–covariate interaction tests. Various interaction tests have been proposed to improve the efficiency of detecting differences in treatment–covariate interactions. Aiming to fundamentally improve the power of treatment–covariate interaction tests, for heteroscedasticity of treatment responses, we develop a model-based optimal randomization procedure, referred to as model-based Neyman allocation (MNA) in this article. The derived limiting allocation proportion indicates that the procedure MNA is a generalization of response-adaptive randomization targeting Neyman allocation (RAR-NA). In theory, we demonstrate that the procedure MNA can maximize the power of treatment–covariate interaction tests. The issue of sample size estimation is also addressed. Simulation studies show, in the framework of the heteroscedastic linear model, compared with Pocock and Simon’s minimization method and RAR-NA, the procedure MNA has the greatest power of tests for both systematic effects and treatment–covariate interactions, even under model misspecification. Finally, the efficiency of the procedure MNA is illustrated by a hypothetical case study based on a real schizophrenia clinical trial.
Machine-learning-based Classification of Customers’ Behavioural Model in Instagram
Authors: Bigdeli Mostafa , Akbari Mahsa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing consumer behaviour on Instagram, a social media platform under the Meta platform. Due to the complex and often unclear nature of social media user behaviour, we leverage supervised machine-learning algorithms to gain insights. We conducted a survey among 390 Meta Platform users (Instagram and Facebook) who have recently made social media purchases (past 6 months). In the machine-learning phase, the collected data were submitted to analyse the dataset using Scikit Learn along with Decision Tree Classifier. The survey is conducted in a semi-structured manner, allowing respondents to contribute to this process. The findings of the study reveal a total of 54 distinct customer behaviour patterns. The study demonstrates that product-related factors, content characteristics, technology usage, social influences, and situational context are the primary drivers of consumer behaviour on the Meta platform. It is noteworthy that the research findings indicate the considerable impact of product attributes, including pricing, quality, and product category, on consumer behaviour on Meta platform. The present study offers a novel contribution by identifying meta-specific attributes that can be used to classify and predict customer behaviour patterns on Facebook and Instagram. The findings provide a valuable guide for understanding the complexities of consumer behaviour on social media.
Gendered Informality: An Assessment of Operational Attributes and Entrepreneurial Performance of Female-Owned Enterprises in Jharkhand
Authors: Biswas Annesha , Roy Namrata Singha , E Mahesh
Published: November 2024

The present study utilises the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)’s 73rd round unincorporated non-agricultural enterprise data to analyse diverse operational and economic attributes of female-owned enterprises and their influence on enterprise performance with regard to enterprises’ gross value added (GVA) in the state of Jharkhand. The study additionally endeavours to ascertain the correlation amidst the operational attributes and the type of enterprise owned (established or own account) in the state. From a methodological standpoint, the current inquiry incorporates exploratory and regression analysis to give a comprehensive understanding of female entrepreneurship in Jharkhand and its gender differentials. The study findings indicate that specific attributes such as enterprise registration, account maintenance, enterprise locating outside the household premises, expanding and perennial status have a positive association with the GVA of the female-owned enterprise. It further highlights that female entrepreneurs, especially from marginalised backgrounds, view entrepreneurship as a necessity rather than a choice. There exists a notable gender disparity, with majority of enterprises owned by females predominantly operating within residential premises. Moreover, female involvement in a well-established enterprise is substantially lower compared to male workers, thus indicating an inverse correlation between the nature of the enterprise and its employment framework.
Efficacy of Agnikarma (Cauterization) in the Management of Mashaka (Elevated Mole): A Case Study
Authors: Gautam Jagrati , Mhaiskar Bhushan , Mandal Sonia , Pal Pratyendra , Bansal Priyal
Published: November 2024

Introduction

A mole or naevus is a lesion that can exist from birth. While some moles are present at birth, others become apparent later in life. The two main symptoms associated with moles are black spots and potential disfigurement. In Ayurveda, an elevated mole is comparable to a condition known as Mashaka. Mashaka is described as a firm, painless, black, and raised eruption on the skin, typically caused by an aggravated Vata Dosha (humor). Modern medical practice commonly manages moles through surgical excision and radioactive procedures to prevent potential malignancy or aesthetic concerns. However, in the Ayurvedic tradition, Mashaka is treated using the Agnikarma (cauterization) procedure. This approach is efficient as it soothes the Vata-Kapha Doshas (humors).

Materials and Methods

Agnikarma (cauterization) is a minor surgical treatment that involves the application of heat ( Agni) for therapeutic purposes aimed at reducing and eliminating the lesion. In this case study, a patient complained of a lesion on the right side of the nose. The lesion was diagnosed as Mashaka based on the ABCDE criteria for melanoma assessment, which considers Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, and Evolution of the lesion. An Agnikarma procedure (cauterization) was carried out in a single sitting for this lesion.

Results

After four weeks, the lesion had healed without complaints of bleeding, wound infection, pain, or scarring.

Discussion

The case study demonstrates the efficacy of Agnikarma (cauterization), highlighting its scope as a treatment option for similar conditions, providing a safe and satisfactory outcome for the patient.
Disclosure Practices in Muslim Patients and the Impact on End-of-Life Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tareen Mona
Published: November 2024

Context: Non-disclosure practices hold significant weight in end-of-life care for Muslim communities, where cultural and religious beliefs are deeply intertwined with healthcare decision-making. This narrative review explores the complexities of medical decision-making and disclosure practices among terminally ill Muslim patients, examining how these factors shape palliative care delivery. Objectives: The primary objective of this review is to investigate the impact of non-disclosure practices on end-of-life care in Muslim populations, focusing on key themes that influence medical decision-making. Additionally, the review identifies ways in which Healthcare Provider (HCP) can navigate these culturally sensitive issues to enhance care. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted, utilizing articles from CINHAL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases published between 2009 and 2024. An initial search yielded 2025 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were included for analysis. The SANRA guidelines for narrative reviews were followed, and the SPIDER framework was used for qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 2041 articles initially retrieved, 2014 were excluded after screening, 8 were duplicates, and 7 full texts were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The final review included 12 studies. Three key themes emerged: (1) cultural, religious, and emotional factors driving requests for non-disclosure, (2) the prominent role of family in medical decision-making, and (3) healthcare provider communication challenges contributing to disparities in palliative care access. Conclusion: Non-disclosure practices present significant barriers to effective palliative care in Muslim communities. To improve care outcomes, culturally competent communication strategies and family-centered decision-making models are crucial.
Comparative Analysis of Structural Differences in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity With and Without Hallux Valgus
Authors: Wang Chien-Shun , Huánuco Casas Erik Jesús , Talaski Grayson M. , Acker Antoine S. , Easley Mark E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar
Published: November 2024

Background:

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) and hallux valgus (HV) are complex 3-dimensional deformities of the foot. This study aimed to investigate structural and alignment differences between PCFD with and without HV using weightbearing computed tomography.

Methods:

Patients with PCFD aged 18 years or older who underwent weightbearing computed tomography were consecutively enrolled. Standard 2-dimensional PCFD and HV parameters were assessed semiautomatically. Foot and ankle offset, forefoot arch angle, and pronation of the medial column bones in the coronal plane, with the ground as a reference, were manually measured. Additionally, the angles from the inferior aspect of subtalar posterior facet of the talus to the ground (subtalar horizontal angle), from the inferior (posterior facet) to superior facets of the talus (infratalar-supratalar angle), and from the inferior (posterior facet) of the talus to the superior facet of the calcaneus (infratalar-supracalcaneal angle) were examined. HV deformity was defined by an HV angle of ≥15 degrees.

Results:

Among 72 feet (58 patients) studied, 33 displayed HV, whereas 39 did not. In the coronal plane, the PCFD with HV group showed a higher infratalar-supratalar angle and greater pronation at the first tarsometatarsal joint, first metatarsal bone, and head. The PCFD with HV group also exhibited greater naviculocuneiform joint supination. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations of HV deformity with the intrinsic rotation of the first metatarsal bone ( P < .001), infratalar-supratalar angle ( P = .004), and rotation of the first tarsometatarsal joint ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study confirmed significant structural and alignment differences between PCFD with and without HV. Notably, the infratalar-supratalar angle, rotation of the first tarsometatarsal joint, and intrinsic rotation of the first metatarsal bone were associated with HV deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Traditional Anticoagulation in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis: Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Xiao Xiulin , Zhu Wengen , Dai Qixin
Published: November 2024

Background

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to traditional anticoagulation (vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparins) in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Methods

We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Embase databases up to May 2024. Studies were selected according to the PICOS criteria, focusing on cirrhotic patients with PVT treated with DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) compared to traditional anticoagulation.

Results

Our systematic review included four observational studies conducted in Japan, China, and the United States, involving a total of 223 patients with cirrhosis and PVT. The included studies collectively suggested that anticoagulation therapy, including DOACs, was associated with improved recanalization rates and reduced progression of PVT in patients with liver cirrhosis, without a significant increase in bleeding complications. Specifically, edoxaban demonstrated superior effectiveness in reducing PVT volume compared to traditional anticoagulation, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

Conclusion

DOACs may provide a promising therapeutic option for PVT in cirrhotic patients. Further research is needed to confirm the potential benefits and risks of DOACs in this population.
Navigating Gen Z Hospitality Employees’ Inter-Role Conflict: A Multi-Level Examination of Work–Personal Conflict
Authors: Shi Hao (Mira) , Shi Xiaolin (Crystal) , Cheung Catherine , Gordon Susan
Published: November 2024

Gen Z is gaining prominence in the hospitality industry workforce, making it critical to explore the dynamic interplay between Gen Z hospitality employees’ personal and work lives. Drawing on role stress theory, this daily diary study examines the role of work–personal conflict in Gen Z hospitality employees’ daily lives. Data was collected from 91 Gen Z Chinese hotel employees using the experience sampling method. The results show that work-to-personal and personal-to-work conflict at the within-person level increases turnover intention via emotional exhaustion. Regarding outcomes in the “nonwork” domain, work-to-personal conflict positively influences nostalgia. Furthermore, workplace fun at the within-person level and person–job fit at the between-person level moderate the relationship between work-to-personal conflict and emotional exhaustion. Based on the findings, hospitality companies should try to increase the fun of their employees’ daily work and improve person–job fit to mitigate work–personal conflict among Gen Z employees.
Formaldehyde Levels and the Indoor Air Quality of an Anatomy Dissection Hall with Different Ventilation Setups
Authors: Handady Ganesh , Dsouza Anne , Nayak Vanishri , Abraham Joseph
Published: November 2024

During anatomy dissection, the release of formaldehyde (FA) from cadavers and embalming fluids can negatively affect the well-being of students and staff. The exposure of students, staff, and technicians to FA in the dissection hall is a concern. To address this issue, a study measured the FA and air quality (CO2 and Total Volatile Organic Compounds- TVOC) with different ventilation setups: natural, fan-based, and air-conditioned. The FA levels and the indoor air quality at the breathing zone were estimated using an air conditioning (AC), fan-based, and naturally ventilated setup. The FA, CO2, and TVOC levels were calculated at the cadavers’ head and toe ends, in the pathway, and between the dissection tables. The FA, CO2, and TVOC levels were higher near the cadaver and lower in the pathway and between the tables, regardless of the type of ventilation used. Fan-based ventilation had the lowest mean FA, CO2, and TVOC levels compared to AC and natural ventilation. However, there was no significant difference in these levels between the ventilation types, except for the toe-ends of the cadavers ( P < .05), where the toe-end farther from the AC vents had higher levels. The study suggests that areas away from the source of ventilation in the anatomy dissection hall are at risk of having lower air quality. Therefore, in addition to selecting an appropriate ventilation system, placing the donor bodies near the source of ventilation would help optimize FA levels and improve indoor air quality for better working conditions suitable for students and staff.
Protective effects of geraniol in a male rat model of Alzheimer's disease: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study
Authors: Bagheri Shokufeh , Rashno Masome , Salehi Iraj , Karimi Seyed Asaad , Raoufi Safoura , Komaki Alireza
Published: November 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a neurodegenerative disease can cause behavioral impairments due to oxidative stress. Aging and oxidative conditions are some AD risk factors.

Objective

We assessed the influence of geraniol (GR), an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, on behavioral functions, hippocampal oxidative status, and histological alterations in AD rats induced by amyloid-β (Aβ).

Methods

Male Wistar rats (n = 70) were randomly allocated to the control, sham, AD, control-GR (100 mg/kg; per oral: P.O.), AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; treatment), GR-AD (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment), and GR-AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment + treatment) groups. GR administration was done for four continuous weeks. After treatments, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests assessed the animals’ behavior. Then, hippocampal specimens were collected for biochemical assessment. Finally, the number of intact neurons was identified in the hippocampus using hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

Aβ microinjection increased learning and memory deficits in both NOR and MWM tests, oxidative stress status, and neuronal loss. Oral GR administration improved behavioral deficits and reduced oxidative stress status and neuronal loss in the Aβ-infused animals.

Conclusions

GR ameliorates behavioral impairments through a decrease in neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress.