bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Mechanism of Propofol-induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Burton Kyle , Canfield Scott
Published: December 2021

Background and Hypothesis: Propofol is an IV anesthetic agent with many clinical applications, including general anesthesia, sedation, delirium, and palliative care. Despite its versatility and effectiveness, Propofol has been shown to have detrimental effects on the vascular interface between the brain and circulation. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a selective interface that serves to protect the brain from its cerebrovascular network. BBB dysfunction can have lethal complications such as cerebral edema and stroke. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP’s), specifically MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been linked to BBB breakdown. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), we evaluated the impact of inhibiting MMP-2 on restoring BBB integrity following exposure to Propofol with the intent to reveal the mechanism by which Propofol disrupts the BBB. 
We hypothesized that inhibiting MMP-2 would lead to phenotype recovery after exposure to Propofol.
Methods: IPSC-differentiated BMECs were treated with MMP inhibitors at varying time points and concentrations relative to exposure to Propofol for 3 hours. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and sodium fluorescein permeability was used to assess BBB structural integrity. A MTT assay was conducted to assess cell viability.
Results: Inhibiting MMP-2 did not result in in recovery of BBB integrity following exposure to Propofol as no significant differences were observed in TEER and sodium fluorescein permeability between the Propofol control and Propofol + MMP-2 inhibitor groups.
Conclusions & Future Directions: Propofol-induced disruption of BBB integrity does not appear to be through MMP-2 activity. High concentrations of MMP-inhibitor compounds result in increased disruption of BBB tightness and permeability. It is plausible to suspect that Propofol may act through other MMP’s to facilitate BBB break-down, thus future studies should investigate the effects of the other selective MMP inhibitors in their ability to achieve phenotype recovery following exposure to Propofol.
Automated Angiographic Labeling Pipeline
Authors: Cantrell Jacob , Kersey Kolten , Motaganahalli Anush , Li Amy , Maxwell Hunter , Dev Shantanu , Gonzalez Andrew A.
Published: December 2021

Background & Hypothesis: Treatment decisions for medical management, endovascular therapy, open surgery, and hybrid approaches for peripheral artery disease (PAD) are largely driven by imaging. While catheter-directed angiography remains the gold-standard for endoluminal vessel analysis, currently, there is not widespread clinical use of machine learning to provide automated segmentation. This project aims to develop an active learning pipeline to automate the labeling of vascular structures in angiographic images. 
Methods: We queried the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database for Indiana University Health and Eskenazi Health to identify studies with catheter-directed angiograms of the extremities. From this dataset we randomly selected an initial convenience sample of 50 angiograms to manually label using the 3D Slicer software. We compared three workflow approaches for labeling this training data - (1) human-only single-pass labelling whereby one person labels each image; (2) human-only multi-pass labelling whereby three humans label a vessel with increasing precision; (3) “human-in-the-middle” approach using NVIDIA’s AI-Assisted Annotation client whereby the image is auto-segmented and then manually checked for accuracy. 
Results: We are currently evaluating speed and accuracy for each of these approaches. However, our preliminary data suggests that human-only multi-pass labeling is most efficientappreac We will be validating the following three-step process. First, thresholding tool was used to leverage differences in contrast gradations to approximate the location of vascular structure. Second, the eraser tool was utilized to refine the vessel boundaries. Finally, major blood vessels contributing to axial flow to the foot were manually labeled. These labeled angiograms will be used to develop an active learning algorithm to automate future labeling of the remaining dataset. 
Conclusion: A machine learning approach to interpreting lower extremity images can dramatically improve the efficiency of triaging patients with PAD. Further work is underway to develop and implement this program clinically.
Medication and its Effect on Safe & Sound Protocol Therapy Outcomes in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Cook Victoria , Hunt Doreen , Kolacz Jacek
Published: December 2021

Background and Hypothesis: The current study evaluated the effect of different medications on a child’s response to the Safe & Sound Protocol (SSP) therapy. Informed by the Polyvagal Theory and the evidenced relationship between state regulation and autonomic imbalance, the therapy aims to improve state dysregulation which can manifest in children as emotional reactivity, sensory processing issues, and auditory sensitivities. Prior studies have shown a reduction in auditory hypersensitivities after the SSP therapy plus evidence shows SSRIs and stimulants have a positive impact on hearing in the presence of background noise. We hypothesized that a) the SSP could improve treatment response in those taking neurotransmitter-altering medication due to synergistic effects or b) it could show reduce treatment response due to sensitivities already being managed by medication.
Project Methods: Children in the study underwent a month of the SSP therapy with auditory processing standardized parent reports (Brain Body Center Sensory Scale) taken prior to treatment then approximately 1 week and 4 weeks after treatment. The data was then separated into different medication groups: stimulants (n=4), non-stimulant neurotransmitter altering medications (n=4), and other non-neurotransmitter altering medications (n=9) such as albuterol. Non-medication and medication group outcomes were then compared to identify significant differences between the groups using independent and paired samples t-tests.
Results: The results from this study found a significant reduced response to the SSP in children taking non-stimulant neurotransmitter altering medications, which included both sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and guanfacine, an a2A-adrenergic agonist. In addition, the non-neurotransmitter altering medication group was the only medication group that showed significant improvement in hypersensitivities while each non-medication group improved in hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity.
Potential Impact: Commonly-used guidelines for SSP are to maintain typical medication use during the intervention. This study, the first to systematically assess treatment response to the SSP by medication use, could inform how clinicians implement both SSP and medication treatments concurrently. However, these results are based on very small medication groups, therefore follow-up studies with larger samples are necessary to inform current clinical practices.
Novel Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Signaling Pathway and Asthma utilizing Bronchoscopy Data
Authors: Higgs Allison , Stewart Taylor , Douyere Jennifer , Zhao Yi , Zein Joe , Gaston Ben
Published: December 2021

Asthma is a disease characterized by an excess of free-radical nitric oxide, NO, which leads to airway inflammation and obstruction. S-nitrosothiols (SNO’s) are an important regulator in NO signaling, helping to relieve oxidative stress as well as bronchodilate and relax airway smooth muscle cells. SNO’s exert most of their effects through the NO-cysteine interactions found particularly in S-nitrosocysteine (CSNO). The particular S-nitrosocysteine of interest in this paper is L-CSNO due to its ability to inhibit potassium channels associated with poor lung function, thereby improving ventilation in asthmatic patients. Potassium channels, amongst other ion channels as well, are a new target for therapeutic asthma treatment due to their ability to regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. KCN genes from bronchoscopy data from asthma and control patients were sequenced and analyzed against several measures for asthma and general lung function: asthma severity, FeNO, FEV1%, and androgen receptor gene expression. The goal of this study was to determine which KCN genes, and subsequent Kv channels, are associated with better lung function and which are associated with worse lung function/more severe asthma. The most beneficial KCN genes were found to be KCNA1 and KCNA4, whereas the KCN gene associated with the worst lung function was the KCNK6 gene family. Thus, a potential novel signaling pathway for asthma regulation may involve the binding of L-CSNO to the Kv channels encoded by the KCNK6 gene family in order to inactivate them and improve ventilation and overall lung function.
Non-invasive, Spatiotemporal Characterization of Muscle Activation Patterns from Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Human Subjects
Authors: Feucht Maria , Ward Matthew
Published: December 2021

Background and Hypothesis: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for treatment of epilepsy in over 100,000 patients worldwide and is a potential treatment for many inflammatory disorders. VNS-evoked compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) may have applications as a biomarker of VNS treatment efficacy, but transcutaneous measurement of this activity is obscured by muscle artifacts. A more precise understanding of muscle activation patterns could improve recording and analysis protocols for isolating the vagus nerve (VN) CNAP. We hypothesize that analyzing multi-electrode array (MEA) surface recordings overlying the VN will allow us to characterize this muscle artifact. 
Project Methods: Five patients undergoing VNS therapy for epilepsy were enrolled in a clinical study at Indiana University School of Medicine (IRB #2006075899). A custom-made MEA with a grid of 32 soft foam electrodes was placed on the skin overlying the VN on each side of the neck. Surface potentials were recorded for approximately 20 minutes at the patient’s established device settings.
Results: VNS-evoked potentials were visualized in all five patients. Two probable muscle artifacts were identified, defined as non-propagating features in the mean response to n > 600 pulses of VNS. The first had an onset latency of ~1-3 ms, and the second had a latency of ~7-10 ms. Both artifacts appeared primarily in the electrodes overlying the laryngeal muscles.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: The short latency of the first muscle artifact suggests stimulus signal leakage activating the superior laryngeal nerve. The second artifact with longer latency is likely caused by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Previous analyses may have mischaracterized the first muscle artifact as nerve activity. The use of MEA-based recordings clarifies our understanding of the VN’s response to VNS, which may lead to better treatment efficacy and the eventual development of personalized VNS therapies for epilepsy and a range of inflammatory disorders.
Development of a questionnaire to understand the information needs of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors for life and long-term health following cancer treatment.
Authors: Gantzios-Cros Devin , Sajdyk Tammy , Rengarger Jamie
Published: December 2021

Disease outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYA: ages 15 – 39 years old) with cancer have improved significantly over the past four decades to over 80%. AYA survivors are a unique population who have decades of life years following cancer treatment and are at very high risk for developing chronic medical and mental health conditions. Unfortunately, there is gap by providers in providing information regarding expectations of long-term medical, cognitive, and psychosocial issues that may arise during their lifetime. The goal of this project was to understand the educational/informational needs of this unique population. In order to understand the type of information AYAs would like to know post-treatment, such as exercise, nutrition, and more, we developed a survey addressing key topics. The process of collecting data has begun and will be collected for an additional five months. Subsequently, data will be analyzed by our team to determine key areas of interest. We will then utilize social media platforms to target AYA survivors and disseminate educational information addressing those areas of interest. The overarching hypothesize is that minimizing the health information gap and increasing knowledge about survivorship in the AYA cancer population via an accepted social media platform will lead to a more informed population of survivors that can better address their life long healthcare.
The Relationship Between Family Caregivers’ Anticipatory Grief and Severity of Dementia
Authors: Gavin Nicole , Shan Mu , Fowler Nicole
Published: December 2021

Background/Objective: Anticipatory grief is the process of experiencing normal bereavement before the physical death of a significant person. To date, anticipatory grief has been related to higher levels of caregiver depression, anxiety, subjective burden, and poorer problem solving. Additionally, higher levels anticipatory grief are observed in caregivers of those with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) compared to caregivers of other conditions. The primary objective of this analysis is to determine the relationship between caregiver anticipatory grief and dementia severity, as measured by the Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS) and Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS), respectively.
Methods: Multiple regression analyses were performed on data for ADRD caregivers (n=56) enrolled in the IU Telephone Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Caregivers (TACTICs) trial; an RCT testing an ACT intervention for ADRD caregiver anxiety. Inclusion criteria included identifying as the primary caregiver of an ADRD patient and clinically significant anxiety (GAD7 score >10).
Results: The average age of caregivers was 61.9 years, 41.1% were spouses, 83.9% were white and 14.3% were black. Mean anticipatory grief scores were notably higher (84.6) compared to the previously reported means across the literature. Multiple regression models showed a caregivers’ anticipatory grief is not significantly associated with the patients’ dementia severity as measured by the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (t=0.87). Results also revealed that higher levels of caregiver burden, as measured by the Zarit Burden Index, are significantly associated with more anticipatory grief (t=< 0.1).
Conclusion and Potential Impact: Understanding these relationships contributes to better understanding ADRD caregivers, identifying “high-risk” caregivers, and informing future interventions and care.
Role of MicroRNA-134-5p in Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Hannon Aidan , Jheng Jia-Rong , Halliday Gunner , Lai Yen-Chun
Published: December 2021

Background: Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is the most common cause of PH worldwide. It is closely linked to risk factors for metabolic syndrome, including obesity and diabetes - factors known to increase proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Qualitative studies have shown that patients with progressive vascular abnormalities develop more severe symptoms and suffer frequent hospitalization. However, underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling in metabolic syndrome-associated PH-HFpEF are still unclear.
Aim: We have recently observed decreased levels of the tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), which plays a housekeeping role in repressing cellular proliferation, in PASMCs isolated from rats with experimental PH-HFpEF and human subjects with obesity and diabetes. As microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate WWOX expression in cancers, here we aimed at examining the involvement of miRNAs in WWOX-associated pulmonary vasculature regulation in metabolic syndrome-associated PH-HFpEF.
Methods and Results: Among miRNAs that have been associated with reduced WWOX expression, including miR -134-5p, -153-3p, -29a-3b, -29b-3p and -187-5p, we found that miR-134-5p was significantly increased in PASMCs of obese and diabetic subjects. To determine the role of miR-134-5p in the regulation of WWOX in the pulmonary vasculature, we applied exogenous miR-134-5p to human PASMCs. Treatment with miR-134-5p decreased WWOX expression, increased PCNA expression (a cell proliferation marker) and enhanced cellular proliferation. Additionally, human PASMCs challenged with high concentration of glucose, palmitic acid and insulin, which mimic hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic and hyperinsulinemic conditions, exhibited increased miR-134-5p, accompanied by elevated cellular proliferation. 
Conclusions: These studies suggest that miR-134-5p may have a potential role in metabolic syndrome-associated PH-HFpEF through regulating WWOX in the pulmonary vasculature. These studies identify miR-134-5p as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-associated PH-HFpEF.
This project was funded, in part, with support from the NIH NHLBI Short-Term Training Program in Biomedical Sciences Grant funded, in part by T35HL110854 from the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Adolescent/Young Adult (AYA) Hematology/Oncology Patient and Parent Attitudes toward AYA COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Hardman Sara L. , Rahim Mahvish Q. , Miller Meagan E. , Coven Scott L. , Jacob Seethal A. , Zimet Gregory D. , Meagher Carolyn G. , Ott Mary A.
Published: December 2021

Background: Adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients with hematologic and oncologic conditions are at increased risk for complications of COVID-19 and thus are important targets for vaccine outreach. AYA patients are transitioning from relying upon parental vaccine decision-making to independently making their own decisions. AYA with sickle cell disease (SCD) are of particular concern because a high proportion are African American and experience structural racism in addition to their illness. Further, AYA patients with chronic conditions may consider their past and present illness in their decision-making process.
Methods: As part of a larger IRB-approved study, we recruited vaccine decision-makers for AYA patients aged 9-21 years attending SCD and oncology survivor clinics, including AYA patients 18-21 years old and parents of AYA patients 9-21 years old. After informed consent, participants completed a short demographic survey and a semi-structured interview regarding their vaccine decision-making process. Questions about the COVID-19 vaccine were incorporated given the ongoing pandemic.
Results: Forty-nine parents and 21 AYA patients were recruited. The primary barriers reported regarding vaccination were concerns about its short-term side effects (57% AYAs; 37% parents) and potential to have unknown, long-term effects (10% AYAs; 14% parents). There were also concerns voiced about how rapidly the vaccine was developed (14% AYAs; 27% parents) and misconceptions about the vaccine (19% AYAs; 10% parents). Parents and AYA patients described the benefits of vaccination as lowering personal risk (62% AYAs; 35% parents) and several also mentioned the community benefits of preventing the spread of COVID-19 (19% AYAs; 8% parents) and a possible return to “normal” (14% AYAs; 10% parents).
Potential Impact: The data from this study will further the understanding of how parents and young adults with chronic hematologic and oncologic conditions make decisions about COVID-19 vaccination, a vital tool for protecting medically and socially vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Racial and Ethnic Variations in Mortality Associated with Common Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children's Hospitals in the US
Authors: Kanu Kadija , Molleston Jean P. , Bennett, Jr. William E.
Published: December 2021

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the mortality, risk factors, and disease associations of eight common pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) disorders: cystic fibrosis (CF), cirrhosis, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver failure (LF), liver transplant, acute pancreatitis, and short bowel syndrome (SBS).  
 
Methods: Diagnoses were found using the International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes from 2004 through 2020. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database from 50 children’s hospitals in the US. We analyzed all encounters with ICD codes for these disorders, then determined the per-encounter mortality rate for each. We performed a mixed-effects logistic regression modeling hospital as a random effect, mortality as the dependent variable, and patient demographics and medical history as independent variables. We hypothesized that demographic factors such as Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and markers of socioeconomic status would be associated with increased mortality.  
 
Results: The per-encounter mortality for each diagnosis was: cirrhosis (2.19%), CF (0.66%), GIB (4.22%), IBD (0.21%), LF (7.03%), liver transplant (0.37%), acute pancreatitis (2.23%), and SBS (1.13%). There was a higher (p<0.05) mortality for those of Asian race and mixed-race populations in GIB (OR 1.76 and 1.37, respectively) and acute pancreatitis (OR 1.94 and 1.34, respectively). For those of Black race, there was a higher mortality in liver transplant and liver failure (OR 1.31 and 1.65 respectively). Additionally, mortality was increased in Hispanic/Latino patients with CF, GIB, and SBS (OR 2.34, 1.39, and 1.41, respectively). Coincident cardiovascular, renal/urologic, and neurologic/neuromuscular abnormalities were also associated with a significant higher mortality.  
 
Conclusion: The degree of variation associated with race and ethnicity is unlikely to be accounted for by variation in clinical features, thus the impact of social determinants of health should be the focus of future study.   

 

Cirrhosis 

CF 

GIB 

IBD 

LF 

Liver Transplant 

Acute Pancreatitis 

SBS 

Mortality Rate 

2.19% 

0.66% 

4.22% 

0.21% 

7.03% 

0.37% 

2.23% 

1.13% 

Asian Race OR 

1.10 

3.77 

1.76* 

1.71 

1.08 

0.89 

1.94* 

1.35 

Black Race  
OR 

0.90 

0.48 

1.03 

1.55 

1.31* 

1.65* 

1.15 

1.14 

Mixed Race OR 

1.16 

1.12 

1.37* 

1.44 

1.23 

0.85 

1.34* 

1.16 

Hispanic/Latino OR 

1.13 

2.34* 

1.39* 

1.53 

1.16 

1.65 

1.13 

1.41* 

*Significant OR numbers with an associated p<0.05
Commentary on "The Mozart Expositional Punctuation Corpus: A Dataset of Interthematic Cadences in Mozart's Sonata-Allegro Exposition"
Authors: Duane Ben
Published: December 2021

No abstract available.
Alginate/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Adsorption and Controlled Release of Pemetrexed
Authors: EREK Ayça , AKTAŞ Safiye Kübra , ÖZDEMİR Yağmur , AK Güliz
Published: December 2021

Pemetrexed (PEM) is used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, PEM has disadvantages like fast elimination, low bioavailability, poor tumor cell selectivity, and penetration. Thus, there is a need for using pemetrexed delivery system to increase the anticancer effect of drug in lung cancer cells and to minimize its side effects. The purpose of this study is development of alginate/chitosan nanoparticles (ACNP) that have biodegradable and non-toxic structure for effective delivery of PEM for lung cancer therapy. In the present study, ACNP were prepared using the ionic gelation method, and pemetrexed was loaded via the adsorption method. Drug adsorption efficiency was calculated to be 57.80% and characterization studies were performed. In vitro drug release tests were carried out at pH levels of 5.5 and 7.4 with pemetrexed-loaded alginate/chitosan nanoparticles (PACNP) and free pemetrexed, and both the results were subsequently compared. Up to 11% release yield was observed at pH 5.5, and the yield reached up to 7% in pH 7.4 in the 25 hours. This nanoparticle system could be investigated in vitro and in vivo in further studies for controlled release of pemetrexed.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of early onset androgenic alopecia compared to age matched controls
Authors: Chaudhari Nitin D. , Poulkar Chandrakant B. , Khatu Swapna S. , Khandait Gaurav H. , Bagane Rajvardhan M. , Patokar Abhishek S. , Ratkanthiwar Chinmay M. , Pathade Supriya S.
Published: December 2021

Background: Androgenic alopecia is most common type of non-scarring alopecia in men. It is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Aim was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of early onset androgenic alopecia.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the dermatology out-patient department over a period of 6 months which included 100 patients of androgenic alopecia and 100 age matched controls. All subjects were aged 20 to 35 years and underwent detailed history, clinical examination including trichoscopic examination and measurement of waist circumference and blood pressure. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins were tested following overnight fasting. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on criteria of national cholesterol education program (NCEP) adult treatment panel III. Chi square test was used as a test of significance. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more in androgenic alopecia patients than in controls (48% versus 18%, p value <0.001). Androgenic alopecia patients had higher prevalence of increased waist circumference (76% versus 28%, p value <0.0001), increased diastolic blood pressure (32% versus 12%, p value=0.007), increased serum triglycerides (46% versus 24%, p value=0.0011) and decreased serum high-density lipoproteins (36% versus 18%, p value=0.0042) compared to controls.

Conclusions: Early screening for metabolic syndrome and its components is beneficial in patients with androgenic alopecia to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Conceitos e práticas inclusivas no contexto da Educação Física escolar
Authors: Ranzan Mayara Erbes , Lavinscky Pereira Taylor Brian , Dos Santos Tarcísio Bitencourt
Published: December 2021

RESUMO  Objetivo. Apresentar propostas de conceitos e práticas encontradas na literatura que buscam auxiliar professores de Educação Física no processo de inclusão de estudantes com deficiências.Desenvolvimento. O artigo perpassa por conceitos e práticas que buscam auxiliar professores de Educação Física em sua prática docente, ofertando um acervo de informações dispostas na literatura sobre o tema e exemplificando com ações práticas do cotidiano.Implicações. Considerando a proposta do trabalho, espera-se que os professores reflitam sobre o escopo apresentado, absorvam o necessário e reproduzam o essencial em suas aulas, implicando em aplicabilidade das legislações no que concerne a inclusão de alunos com deficiência.
Minimizing the risk of fracture of definitive casts for removable partial dentures: A dental technique
Authors: Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Porto Vinicius Carvalho , Sugio Carolina Campos , Gomes Anna Clara Gurgel , Garcia Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves
Published: December 2021

A technique is described to facilitate impression making and safely obtain the definitive cast for removable partial dentures with long, retentive, or lone-standing abutment teeth. Firstly, the individualized stock tray receives a coating of melted wax. Next, the prepared teeth are impressed with irreversible hydrocolloid, and the set impression is removed from mouth. The mold is then poured conventionally and, after the gypsum has set, is immersed in hot water to soften the wax and allow removal of the tray. The impression material is carefully cut away with a scalpel blade to expose the cast. With these straightforward and easily made changes compared with the conventional technique, the risk of fracturing the definitive cast is minimized, especially when reproducing long retentive teeth.

A dental technique is presented that uses wax to coat the impression tray to facilitate the passive displacement of the cast. This results in a straightforward and precise definitive cast for removable partial dentures.
Se buscan empleos de calidad: políticas activas y pasivas de empleo en Colombia. Informe para la Misión de Empleo
Authors: González-Velosa Carolina
Published: December 2021

Colombia sobresale a nivel internacional por sus grandes dificultades para generar empleos de calidad. Mitigar los riesgos asociados a la pérdida de empleo, a los que tantos ciudadanos están expuestos, difícilmente se puede hacer sin apoyo del Gobierno. En este documento se analiza la oferta en Colombia de dos tipos de políticas públicas: las políticas activas y pasivas. Se muestra que, a pesar de los esfuerzos que ha hecho Colombia para articular las políticas activas y pasivas alrededor de un sistema integrado y de los recursos que ha invertido, la oferta está fragmentada en programas sin una visión unificada y con resultados débiles en muchas dimensiones. La mayor parte de los trabajadores colombianos recibe una baja o nula protección durante los periodos de desempleo o cesantía. Se trata de un problema estructural y antiguo cuyas consecuencias saltaron a la vista de manera dramática ante la crisis que desencadenó la pandemia. Fortalecer las políticas activas y pasivas requiere de consensos políticos importantes, cambios regulatorios e inversiones para el fortalecimiento institucional. El documento presenta una serie de lineamientos de reforma, para mejorar el diseño e implementación de las políticas activas y pasivas y fortalecer la institucionalidad en la que operan. También se discute su complementariedad con la política social y la regulación laboral. Este documento fue escrito en el marco de la Misión de Empleo que convocó el Gobierno de Colombia en el año 2020.
İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI’NIN (İHA) GELİŞİMİ, HUKUKİ STATÜLERİ VE GÜVENLİK AMAÇLI KULLANIMLARI
Authors: KILLIOĞLU Mehmet Erkan
Published: December 2021

20. yüzyılın son önemli çatışmalarından birisi olan ve 19911 yılında cereyan eden Birinci Körfez Savaşı’nda o sıralarda adı fazla bilinmeyen ve popüler olmayan İHA’lar da sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. ABD bu dönemde İHA kullanımında tecrübe kazanmış ve elde ettiği tecrübeleri 11 Eylül saldırısı sonrasında Afganistan’ın işgalinde kullanmıştır. Afganistan ve Pakistan’daki Targeted Killing tarzı saldırılar da İHA’ların dünya kamuoyunca daha fazla bilinir hale gelmesini sağlamıştır. 2001 yılında ABD ordusunun İHA filosunun belkemiğini oluşturan Predator filosunda sadece 10 hava aracı mevcuttur ve çoğunlukla da keşif amaçlı olarak kullanılmışlardır. Afganistan’ın işgali ile daha önce keşif aracı olarak kullanılan İHA’lar artık bir silah haline gelmiştir. Gerek Afganistan gerekse de Irak’ta İHA’lar keşif aracı olarak kullanılmaya devam etse de, eklenen silah taşıma kapasiteleri onları spontane bir saldırı aracı haline de getirmiştir. Ve bu durum uluslararası hukuk açısından çok tartışılan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu gelişmeler sonucunda artık günümüzde kullanımda olan pek çok İHA sistemi vardır ve bunların geliştirmesi ve kullanımı ABD ve İsrail’le sınırlı değildir. Dünya üzerinde 70’ten fazla ülkede, farklı amaçlar için kullanılan İHA sistemleri mevcuttur.
From Total Institution to Status Bloodbath: Goff man as a Comparative Researcher and Grounded Theorist
Authors: Archibald W. Peter , Kelly Benjamin , Adorjan Michael
Published: December 2021

Erving Goff man has not only had a huge impact upon his home discipline of sociology but may be its most cited, as well as best known member ever. Nevertheless, Goff man continues to be heavily criticized by his fellow sociologists for his allegedly undecipherable and sloppy methods for conducting empirical research and constructing and accumulating general theory. We demonstrate here that while some of his specific practices were intuitive and unorthodox, and perhaps not always available to Goff man himself through self-reflection, they often included systematic empirical comparisons and generalizations, and grounded, general theory. It is tragic that he apparently died lamenting that these common characteristics of his work have been so little recognized (Berger 1986). He encouraged Verhoeven (1993), among others, to rectify this, and hopefully our own eff orts here have contributed to this important, but unfinished business.
Doing Poor in AmeriCorps: How National Service Members Deal With Living Below the Poverty Line
Authors: Ceresola Ryan
Published: December 2021

Many young AmeriCorps members enter a post-college lifestyle of food stamps, social services, and living below the poverty line. Using Simmel’s (1965) concept of poverty as a social category one is put into, and West and Fenstermaker’s (1995) concept of class as something one “does,” this paper looks at the AmeriCorps program, to examine how members “do poor.” In 22 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of AmeriCorps members, I detail a member’s “typical” experience with poverty: first, encountering themselves in poverty, then working to disassociate themselves from having a “poor” identity, and, finally, still maintaining the positive experiences associated with their service.
Evidence Review: Achieving COVID-19 Vaccine Equity in Ealing and North West London
Authors: Hrynick Tabitha , Ripoll Santiago
Published: December 2021

This review sets out key considerations for improving vaccine equity – as well as broader health equity – in the North West London (NWL) borough of Ealing. It foregrounds the political, economic and social dynamics which have perpetuated health inequalities during and prior to COVID-19, and how they have manifested to shape COVID-19 vaccine accessibility and uptake among different social groups. It also highlights how local actors have sought to address these inequalities. By bringing together data and insights from existing social science research and consultations with people involved in local COVID-19 vaccination efforts (in local authorities, the NHS and community groups), we point to ways local authorities and healthcare providers, in collaboration with local people and organisations, can support vaccine equity – and health equity more broadly – now, and into the future. Critical to this are further efforts to integrate sensitivity to context, sustain collaborative working, build trust and meaningfully engage citizens (especially vulnerable groups), and support a robust civil society. The review begins with summary key considerations for operational actors. This review was produced by SSHAP in collaboration with Ealing Council. It was authored by Tabitha Hrynick and Santiago Ripoll, and reviewed by Maddy Gupta-Wright, Ellen Schwartz, and Nikita Simpson. It is the responsibility of SSHAP
Age differentiation of perception of anti-COVID measures (results of focus groups in the Kaliningrad Region)
Authors: Krishtal Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a key problem for Russian society and government officials in 2020. In this regard, there is an urgency to study the assessments and peculiarities of the perception by the population of anti-covid measures of the authorities, which were initially associated with risks of a social, economic, and political nature. The purpose of this study is to identify age-related features of the perception of anti-epidemic measures of the authorities, using the example of residents of the Kaliningrad region. From August to November 2020, six focus group interviews were conducted with representatives of three age groups. The data obtained were processed in the ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis program. As a result, it was revealed that the main age differences are manifested when assessing the introduction of remote forms of social interaction in the conditions of coronavirus. The older generation's negative attitude to innovation is due to concern for their grandchildren and children receiving the necessary educational and communication skills and competencies in this format, as well as due to fears of being deceived by fraudsters. At the same time, young people and middle-aged people note the positive possibilities of distance learning due to the simplification of the implementation of a number of social actions. Age differences were also revealed regarding the perception of information about the pandemic situation provided by government representatives. The youth believes that the distortion of this information may be based on the political motives of the authorities. Representatives of the older age group believe that the reason for the correction of information by the authorities is the desire to obtain financial benefits at the expense of the population. People in the age group of 31-49 years see this distortion mainly as a good motive for preventing panic among the population. Estimates of the introduction of self-isolation and the attitude to mass vaccination against COVID-19 were similar among representatives of different generations. Often supporting the regime of self-isolation, respondents noted the obligation of the authorities to ensure the financial security of people. Regarding the use of the vaccine, skepticism was found among all age groups due to fears about its unreliability
The strength of the communication elements of pneumatic tires as composite material
Authors: Chursov Serhiy
Published: December 2021

The mechanical properties at the boundary of the distribution of the rubber matrix and metal and fabric fibrous materials as a separate area in the mechanism of crack inhibition and its effect on the durability of pneumatic tires during the accumulation of damage during operation are considered. Experimental studies on the stratification of the elements of the composition of the tire material in samples made from different parts of the car tire. The strength at the contact boundary "rubber matrix-fibers of metal cord" and between the fibers of the cord, which allows to assess the total strength of the tire material as a composition of reinforcing elements and the matrix in the accumulation of damage created during operation, artificial the nature and behavior of the rupture of the samples during the tests, the morphology of fracture on the surface of the interaction of the reinforcing fibers of the wire with the rubber matrix was evaluated.
Modified simplified algorithm of the method of group consideration of arguments in simulation processes
Authors: Ravska Nataliia , Korbut Eugene , Ivanovskyi Oleksiy , Rodin Radion , Parnenko Valeria , Zakovorotnyi Oleksandr , Klochko Oleksandr , Sapon Serhiy , Loroch Rolahd
Published: December 2021

There are many types and methods of simulation, but among them special attention should be paid to methods based on the theory of heuristic self-organization. All algorithms of the method of group argumentation (MGVA) are characterized by structural commonality on the principle of self-organization, which require insignificant requirements for a priori information to search for an infinite number of options. The advantage of the algorithm of the method of group

consideration of arguments in comparison with other algorithms of this class is the presence of possibilities of expansion of the vector of initial data and the device for elimination of collinearity - reception of orthogonalization. MGVA consists of two blocks: pre-processing of observations taking into account the system of selected reference functions and calculation of selection applicants. As a result of the algorithm, models capable of controlling the process taking into account the phenomena accompanying a certain process are obtained. Given the commonality of the main provisions of the theory of self-organization of artificial neural networks and MGVA, the network variables are added to the model as a variable Z. As a result, we obtain a neural network that describes the physical phenomena accompanying the process. This will significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of process management.
Method for determining the actual group of classification (mode of operation) of load-lifting cranes
Authors: Nyezhentsev Oleksiy
Published: December 2021

The problems which arise during the period of expert inspection of the load-lifting cranes which have fulfilled regulatory lifetime, at definition of their actual group of classification (operating mode) are analyzed. It is established that the actual group of classification (mode of operation) of operated cranes, which is determined by the regulations on labor protection (NPAOP), often does not coincide with the passport modes of operation of cranes. A new method of diagnosing the actual classification group (operating mode) of operated cranes has been developed, which allows taking into account the real modes of their loading and classes of use using the value of specific energy consumption of cranes. The proposed method allows to reliably determining the actual group of classification of cranes that have served the regulatory lifetime, taking into account the real operating conditions of all crane mechanisms and their technical condition for the entire period of

operation. This makes it possible to reasonably and qualitatively establish the terms and conditions of further safe operation of cranes.
COMPETENCE MODEL IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROCESS
Authors: Kovač Darko
Published: December 2021

Traditional learning processes in contemporary management practice, especially in global business environment, are being challenged by new approaches. They can not be avoided in the hospitality and tourism industry. Kolb’s experimental learning model is a solid base to build on. Experimental learning theory uses personal and group experiences while taking participants through various stages of learning associated with the theory. However, when talking about concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation as stages of experimental learning, student variations in attitude, motivation, and style as well as ability have to be understood. The model of competences as underlying characteristic of a person could help to clarify this issue. We comprehend competence as a broader concept than skills. Affective and motivational factors should be added as well as personality traits next to different kinds of skills. Moreover, we could claim that cognition is only one aspect of the human mind. The other two aspects: affection and conation have often been neglected in education. Due to that reason we will decompose competences into cognitive, behavioural, and conative. While the first two are increasingly present and included in education programmes, conative ones are scarcely the subject of training programmes, because they are inborn and can be only encouraged, but their role should not be neglected.
THE ROLE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN ESP TEACHING
Authors: Petrovska Irina
Published: December 2021

Advertisements are used in foreign language teaching, but this genre is appealing as in the ESP classroom as it is in everyday life. This article examines the main arguments for using ads in EFL, as a specific trend in education for tourism and hospitality industry. With reference to recent research, the article focuses on some of the appealing uses of language, culture in advertising, some visual aspects and how language teachers could exploit them in the classroom.
LIFE-LONG LEARNING STRATEGIES IN TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Trivun Veljko , Kenjic Vanja , Mahmutcehajic Fatima
Published: December 2021

Tourism is the phenomenon of great social and economic importance. It is the biggest and the fastest growing industry which is developing 1.5 faster than the other industries. Additionally, tourism represents a mass movement of people which makes strong impact on many destinations, traditional or emerging ones. This have both economic and social influence on developing destinations, creating employment opportunities and economic benefits for those involved in tourism activities. Tourism development has positive influence on infrastructure development, as well as on the service industry (especially SMEs related to tourism). International economic impacts of tourism are numerous. Countries are attracting tourists and tour operators to use services, which consequently contribute to its balance payment. Services, beside tourist attractions, natural and cultural diversity, create visitors’ opinion about destination. Changing nature of tourism (moving from mass tourism to niche tourism and new experiences) has a strong influence on educational process and skills which service providers in tourism have to attain. The intention of this paper is to put a light on the connection between the fast-changing tourism trends and educational processes which are crucial component in providing market with capable and efficient human resources. Be it tourist guide or agent, hotel manager, handicrafts provider or restaurant owner, person involved in tourism is under the pressure to cope with changes and adjust to new trends. Which strategies should companies and individuals use to gain or update their knowledge? Could life-long learning strategies support their efforts in tourism and provide answers to these questions?
IMPLICATIONS OF EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTION OF THE ROLE AND ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT IN ROMANIAN TOURISM&HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Abrudan Maria-Madela
Published: December 2021

This paper is focused on the results of a study which has as main objective the assessment of the perception that employees have on the activity and the role of the Human Resources Department in Romanian Tourism and Hospitality Industry. The study was based on the administration of a questionnaire designed especially for this purpose addressed to the employees2 . The dimensions included in the questionnaire: a) The role of the HR Department from the employees’ perspective b) Typical activities of the HR Department from the employees’ perspective c) The relationship of the HR Department with the employees – trust and interaction d) The investment in employees– the development of the employees.
DETERMINANTS OF PROFESSIONAL CAREERS OF BACHELOR’S DEGREE GRADUATES – THE FACULTY OF TOURISM AND RECREATION
Authors: Podoska-Filipowicz Elzbieta , Michalski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

: Tourism has recently been one of the fast developing industries in Poland and all over the world. It is an important source of job opportunities. The estimated global rate of employment in tourism management is 10% of the total employment rate. It also makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product. Globally, it is estimated as 10%. Tourism has recently been one of the fast developing industries in Poland and all over the world. It is an important source of job opportunities. The characteristics of the contemporary labour market with regard to tourism include: • seasonal character of employment, • part-time employment, • high percentage of women employees, • demand for employees of different fields and occupations, who may be employed in tourism management directly (hospitality, catering, direct tourist traffic service) or indirectly (trade, transport, banking, administration, manufacturing of: sports and tourist equipment, foodstuffs and other) – complementary employment in the sphere of tourist traffic service, • options of professional activity for the retired and the pensioners (seasonal character of employment), • seasonal and part-time job opportunities for pupils and students. All the characteristics of the tourist labour market must be taken into consideration by students taking up education at the faculty of tourism and recreation, when they plan their professional careers. The bachelor’s degree studies at this faculty are provided by many schools: university schools of physical education, universities of economics, other universities and many private schools. According to data provided by the Central Statistical Office (GUS), the estimated number of students of this faculty is approx.28 thousand, which makes approx. 1,5 % of the total number of students in Poland.