bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FXYD6 overexpression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Xiongfei , Ding Lishuang , Kong Deshuai , Zhao Xiulei , Liao Lili , Zhang Yaomin , Li Fengshan , Liu Ruhai
Published: May 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of FXYD domain-containing
ion transport regulator 6 (FXYD6) mRNA and protein in hepatitis B virus
(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues with cirrhosis, the
corresponding paracancerous tissues and the normal liver tissues, and to explore
the clinical significance of FXYD6 expression in HBV-related HCC with
cirrhosis.

Methods

The FXYD6 mRNA and protein were examined by semi-quantitative reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry,
respectively.

Results

The FXYD6 mRNA in HBV-related HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in
the cirrhosis tissues or that in the normal liver tissues. The positive expression
rate of FXYD6 protein was statistically higher in HBV-related HCC tissues than
that in HBV-related cirrhosis or that in normal liver tissues. There was no
significant correlation between the expression of FXYD6 protein and gender, age,
histological differentiation, tumor diameter, tumor number, integrity of tumor
capsule or not and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentration in serum, but the protein
expression was associated with microvascular invasion, pathological stage, and
early recurrence after operation within 1 year.

Conclusion

FXYD6 might be involved in hepatocyte carcinogenesis and tumor progression in
HBV-related HCC with cirrhosis and indicated a poor prognosis.
Vascular anastomoses in intrauterine growth in monochorionic twins
Authors: Lipa Michał , Kosinski Przemysław , Stanirowski Paweł , Wielgos Mirosław , Bomba-Opon Dorota
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of placental anastomoses on the intrauterine growth of monochorionic (MC) twins.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted in a group of 53 MC twins. Intrapartally umbilical cords were clamped to identify placental sides corresponding to each twin. The postnatal dye injection technique was administered to evaluate vascular anastomoses, their number and type and visualize placental territory sharing patterns. Data from digital analysis were correlated with obstetrical follow-up.

Results

Vascular anastomoses were revealed in 88.7% of cases. Arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses occurred in 75.4% and arterioarterial (AA) in 71.1% while venovenous (VV) in 26.4%. In the subgroup of MC twins without placental anastomoses, significantly higher birthweight difference and discordance were revealed when compared to MC twins without anastomoses (382.0 vs. 22 g; P = 0.03 and 49.14% vs. 16.02%; P = 0.03). On the other hand, in subgroups of MC twins with at least one AA anastomosis, twins’ birthweights were similar (p = ns) despite significantly higher placental territory sharing discordance (30.44% vs. 15.81%; P = 0.31).

Conclusions

Vascular anastomoses have a major impact on the intrauterine growth of MC twins. In certain cases, they may cause specific complications; however, in general, they regulate intertwin blood exchange and may compensate unequal placental territory.
Safety of misoprostol vaginal insert for labor induction using standard vs. adjusted retrieval criteria: a comparative cohort study
Authors: Brandstetter Aleke , Döbert Moritz , Schwaerzler Peter , Döbert Timm Fabian , Hasselbeck Hendrik , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Objective

To compare the safety of misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) for labor induction using standard and adjusted criteria.

Methods

This was a single-center, comparative cohort study of 138 pregnant women ≥37/0 weeks undergoing labor induction with MVI using standard (69 women; administration for up to 24 h; MVI-24) or adjusted (69 women; administration for up to 10 h; MVI-10) criteria in a tertiary academic center in Germany. The main maternal safety outcomes were the rate of tachysystole and rate of tachysystole requiring tocolysis. Neonatal safety assessments included Apgar score at 5 min and postpartum arterial fetal pH.

Results

Uterine tachysystole occurred in more women in the MVI-24 group compared with the MVI-10 group [47.8% vs. 25.5%; P = 0.001; relative risk (RR) 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–4.00)] and as did uterine tachysystole requiring tocolysis [MVI-24: 26.1% vs. MVI-10: 11.6%; P = 0.049; RR 2.25 (95% CI: 1.05–4.83)]. The mean 5-min Apgar scores were 9.64 for the MVI-24 group and 9.87 for the MVI-10 (P = 0.016). Low postpartum umbilical arterial pH values occurred more often in the MVI-24 compared with the MVI-10 group (pH 7.10–7.19: 26.1% vs. 20.3% and pH <7.10: 4.4% vs. 0.0%, respectively).

Conclusion

Adjusted retrieval criteria for MVI of up to 10 h exposure instead of the standard 24 h reduced uterine tachysystole and improved the neonatal outcome.
Brazilian Tensile Strength Test Conducted on Ductile Unsaturated Soil Samples
Authors: Gaspar T. A. V. , Jacobsz S. W.
Published: May 2020

The tensile strength of soil is often neglected. Because of the presence of matric suction, unsaturated soils may have substantial tensile strengths with implications for a range of geotechnical problems, such as slope stability, bearing capacity, and the integrity of clay liners. Direct measurement of the tensile strength of soils is complex to carry out, while the simplicity of the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test offers an attractive alternative. However, this method was developed to measure the tensile strength of brittle materials. While suction-bound unsaturated soils may behave in a brittle fashion at low moisture contents, such materials become more ductile as the moisture content increases. This study investigated the application of the BTS test to measure the tensile strength of unsaturated soil samples over a range of moisture contents. Because of the low sample strength of these soils, the use of curved loading platens is recommended. The required load angle depends on the ratio between the compressive and tensile strength of the material tested. When brittle behavior is obtained during testing, conventional interpretation may be used, i.e., the maximum mobilized load during load application is used for tensile strength calculation. This is not appropriate when testing ductile materials. During load application on ductile samples, the initial mobilized load-deformation behavior is approximately linear and becomes nonlinear when tensile yielding starts to occur, originating from the sample center where the full tensile strength is first mobilized. It is recommended that, to obtain a conservative estimate of tensile strength, the inflection point where behavior becomes nonlinear should be taken as representative of soil tensile strength.
The Role of Y Chromosome Genes in Male Fertility inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Luo Junjie , Chen Jieyan , Dai Junbiao , Montell Craig
Published: May 2020

The Y chromosome is comprised almost completely of heterochromatin and is rich in repetitive DNA, complicating DNA sequencing and genetic analyses. Over 100 years ago...

The Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster is pivotal for male fertility. Yet, only 16 protein-coding genes reside on this chromosome. The Y chromosome is comprised primarily of heterochromatic sequences, including DNA repeats and satellite DNA, and most of the Y chromosome is still missing from the genome sequence. Furthermore, the functions of the majority of genes on the Y chromosome remain elusive. Through multiple genetic strategies, six distinct segments on the Y chromosome have been identified as “male fertility factors,” and candidate gene sequences corresponding to each of these loci have been ascribed. In one case, kl-3, a specific protein coding sequence for a fertility factor has been confirmed molecularly. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mutations, and RNAi, to interrogate the requirements of protein coding sequences on the Y chromosome for male fertility. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of kl-2 and kl-5 causes male sterility, supporting the model that these gene sequences correspond to the cognate fertility factors. We show that another gene, CCY, also functions in male fertility and may be the ks-2 fertility factor. We demonstrate that editing of kl-2, kl-3, and kl-5, and RNAi knockdown of CCY, disrupts nuclear elongation, and leads to defects in sperm individualization, including impairments in the individualization complex (IC) and synchronization. However, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of some genes on the Y chromosome, such as FDY, Ppr-Y, and Pp1-Y2 do not cause sterility, indicating that not all Y chromosome genes are essential for male fertility.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОСТОРУ РЕГІОНІВ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВЛАДНИХ ПОВНОВАЖЕНЬ
Authors: БУТКО Микола , ПОПЕЛО Ольга , КОЛОША Валерій
Published: May 2020

У сучасних глобалізаційних умовах головне завдання нашої держави на найближчу перспективу полягає в необхідності забезпечити реалізацію такої політики, яка б мотивувала активізацію просторового розвитку та формування конкурентних переваг, здатних забезпечити гідну участь у міжнародному поділі праці.Розглянуто окремі складові локалізації економічного простору країни в умовах децентралізації владних повноважень для прискорення інтеграції регіонів України у висококонкурентне європейське та світове співтовариство. Аргументовано, що інституціональне середовище має мотивувати виключно створення нових, високопродуктивних робочих місць як основи модернізації продуктивних сил. Децентралізація в умовах відсутності галузевого управління економікою має стати своєрідним каталізатором локалізації продуктивних сил і парадигмальним базисом модернізації економічного простору України.Доведено, що, базуючись на досвіді нових країн – членів ЄС, локалізація економічного простору регіонів України повинна орієнтуватися на нові форми територіальної організації господарства. Такими новітніми територіально-виробничими формами оптимізації регіональних господарських систем є технопарки, технополіси, бізнес-інкубатори, кластери, індустріальні парки, логістичні платформи, але всі вони не виступають у нашій державі локомотивом прискорення та структурних перетворень у регіональній економіці. Водночас наголошено, що для регіонів саме кластери можуть стати своєрідними центрами прискорення інновацій, на базі яких здійснюється структурна модернізація економічного простору, вирішуються економічні, соціальні та екологічні проблеми завдяки ефективному використанню наявних просторових ресурсів і створенню нових робочих місць.Запропоновано модель організації агропромислового кластера в умовах реальної територіальної громади. Віддаючи належне територіальним громадам як ключовій ланці державотворчого процесу, слід на інституціональному рівні досягти гармонізації місцевих, регіональних і загальнодержавних інтересів у сфері модернізації продуктивних сил з одночасним підвищенням рівня відповідальності органів місцевого самоврядування за ефективне використання наявних ресурсів з метою об’єктивної оцінки їх впливу на процеси активізації розвитку продуктивних сил на базовому рівні державотворчого ядра.
Artificial Intelligence, Data Sensors and Interconnectivity: Future Opportunities for Heart Failure
Authors: Bachtiger Patrik , Plymen Carla M , Pabari Punam A , Howard James P , Whinnett Zachary I , Opoku Felicia , Janering Stephen , Faisal Aldo A , Francis Darrel P , Peters Nicholas S
Published: May 2020

A higher proportion of patients with heart failure have benefitted from a wide and expanding variety of sensor-enabled implantable devices than any other patient group. These patients can now also take advantage of the ever-increasing availability and affordability of consumer electronics. Wearable, on- and near-body sensor technologies, much like implantable devices, generate massive amounts of data. The connectivity of all these devices has created opportunities for pooling data from multiple sensors – so-called interconnectivity – and for artificial intelligence to provide new diagnostic, triage, risk-stratification and disease management insights for the delivery of better, more personalised and cost-effective healthcare. Artificial intelligence is also bringing important and previously inaccessible insights from our conventional cardiac investigations. The aim of this article is to review the convergence of artificial intelligence, sensor technologies and interconnectivity and the way in which this combination is set to change the care of patients with heart failure.
Link Between Synovial and Myocardial Inflammation: Conceptual Framework to Explain the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients with Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Packer Milton
Published: May 2020

Patients with a broad range of systemic rheumatic diseases are at increased risk of heart failure (HF), an event that is not related to traditional cardiovascular risk factors or underlying ischaemic heart disease. The magnitude of risk is linked to the severity of arthritic activity, and HF is typically accompanied by a preserved ejection fraction. Subclinical evidence for myocardial fibrosis, microcirculatory dysfunction and elevated cardiac filling pressures is present in a large proportion of patients with rheumatic diseases, particularly those with meaningful systemic inflammation. Drugs that act to attenuate pro-inflammatory pathways (methotrexate and antagonists of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1) may ameliorate myocardial inflammation and cardiac structural abnormalities and reduce the risk of HF events.
Historiography of the problem of transformation of the family structure of Finno-Ugric peoples
Authors: Pershin Sergey V. , Pershina Tatyana A.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The priority direction of the study of Finno-Ugric peoples is to determine the forms of family, the most characteristic for different stages of historical development. The article presents the results of studying the historiography of the problem of transformation of the family structure of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, the implementation of which provides a comprehensive analysis of the family structure. The solution of research problems was provided by complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the studied problem, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of scientific literature) methods. Result. Since the second half of the XX century the structural elements of the family have repeatedly become the object of research by scientists (historians, demographers, ethnologists and sociologists). Due to the introduction of mass sources into scientific circulation, scientists have identified the dominant types of kinship relations, population, marriage and generational composition of the majority of Finno-Ugric peoples. Separate scientific schools managed to achieve more: on the basis of allocation of the general and special, to establish the basic regularities of transformation of structural elements, to estimate degree of influence of structurally forming factors at different stages of historical development. Discussion and Conclusion. The main conclusions are presented in the article create a theoretical and methodological basis for further study of the family composition of the Finno-Ugric peoples. As a priority task for scientists representing different research areas, but united by a common purpose to study structural elements of the Finno-Ugric family, are: 1) unification of methods of processing data related to family composition; 2) project implementation methodology; 3) conduct comparative studies on the family of Finno-Ugric peoples.
Formation of Motion of Student Construction Teams in Mordovia (1966–1970)
Authors: Lunin Valery S.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. One of the priority directions of modernization of higher and secondary vocational education in the Russian Federation is to strengthen its practical orientation, which is largely due to the urgent need to increase the competitiveness of young people in the labor market and overcome their social infantilism and social indifference at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. In this regard, the unique historical experience gained in our country in the Soviet era in attracting students to solve the most important economic problems through the activities of student construction teams (SCT) is of particular relevance. Since the beginning of the 60s of the last century and to the present, the efforts of domestic scientists-humanitarians have created a significant number of works devoted to various problems and aspects of the SCT movement. However, among the studies of regional orientation there is not one in which the activities of SCT in Mordovia are analyzed. The purpose of this article is to study the process of the birth of the construction brigade movement among students of Mordovian universities and educational institutions of the secondary vocational education and primary vocational education systems in 1966–1970. Materials and Methods. The source base of the article was made up of documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, periodicals (newspapers Young Leninist, Mordovian University), memoirs of former participants and organizers of SCT. When systematizing and analyzing concrete historical facts, along with general scientific methods (induction, deduction), special historical ones were used – ideographic, historical genetic. Results. The causes of the movement of student construction teams in Mordovia are revealed, the dynamics of the number of their personnel and the efficiency of production activity is shown. Discussion and Conclusion. By the beginning of the 70s of the last century in Mordovia, the organizational and industrial formation of the movement of student construction units had completed and, on the basis of the principle of voluntariness, it had become mass. SCT not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the material and technical base of the republic during the eighth five-year period, but also laid down the best traditions for the development of this patriotic youth movement in subsequent years.
The ethic content of the historical concept of the sacred books (experience of comparative historical analysis of the Bible and the Koran)
Authors: Belkin Aleksey I.
Published: May 2020

The introduction substantiates the need to address the ethic foundations of human life in connection with the discussions on the search for a way out of the modern civilization of the systemic crisis. Materials and Methods. The object and subject of research are indicated. Based on this, it is given the argumentation for the choice of research methods, which are the method of studying primary sources and comparative historical analysis. Results. A number of preliminary observations are made, which indicate the peculiarities of the study of the problem under consideration. It is indicated the difference of approaches to understanding the history of mankind in the Old and New Testaments of the Christian’s Holy Scripture and in the Koran. As a starting point of comparative historical analysis, the ethic content of the historical concept of the Holy books is highlighted, it is noted that all of them are united by the idea of human sinfulness and the inevitability of punishment for sins. It is given the analysis of the ethic content of the historical concepts of the Old and New Testaments based on the fundamental ideas that determine the content of history of God’s nation of Israel and the Great Commandment. In relation to the Old Testament, the author analyzes the contradictory influence of the idea of God’s nation on the formation of ethics. The analysis of the moral content of the historical concept of the Koran is given based on the recognition of the importance of the prophets in human history; the main plot lines associated with the moral content of this activity are indicated. Discussion and Conclusion. The author substantiates the importance of understanding the historical concept of the sacred books for modern civilization and shows the importance of affirming in interpersonal relations the highest moral principles that form a respectful attitude to a human being.
Imaginative nature of children’s play as an informative and creative resource
Authors: Yakovleva Elena L.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. In the modern world, due to the intensive development of high technology, there are many changes that penetrate into the childhood and the world of children’s play. An increasing number of children’s games appear to have a computer format. Playing them, the child begins to alienate from reality, to lose skills in cognitive and creative activities, relying on the help of high technology. One of the reasons of (negative) personality transformations is blocking of functioning of imagination in computer games. The purpose of the article is to study the imaginative nature of children’s play and its potentials, having a cognitive and creative orientation. Materials and Methods. This problem is considered on the basis of phenomenological analysis and direct observation of children’s games. The results of the study showed that the child through immersion in the world of direct play, receives impulses to the knowledge of the world, creativity and moral manifestations. The source of the above is the imagination, which performs the role of instinct, cultural consciousness and reason in human existence. Through imagining, the child imagines, creates and interprets what is being played, expanding the horizons of his being. Discussion and Conclusion. The study of imagination allowed for a demarcation line between direct and computer children’s games. Their key difference lies in the functioning of the imagination, which manifests itself freely in direct games, and in computer – is blocked by high technology and software algorithms. The current situation actualizes the idea of returning to the children’s game, based on direct interaction and communication.
Spiritual culture as a foundation of psychosomatic health of an individual and society
Authors: Meshkov Nikolay I. , Meshkov Dmitriy N.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article examines the influence of spiritual culture on psychosomatic health of people. This topic, often worded as a problem, is a subject of studies for representatives of religions (the article deals with Orthodox Christianity) and scientists of different areas of scientific knowledge. Appropriate addressing and solution of this problem will benefit psychosomatic health of a person and society. Goal of Research. The authors base on the published materials (papers, books) and analyze the positions of the representatives of religion (Orthodox Christianity) and scientists on the topic/problem to determine the differences. Methods. Comparative analysis. Theoretical modelling. Results of Research. The main distinction of views of scientists from views of the representatives of religion consists in understanding of spirituality as an exceptionally sociocultural phenomenon, the result of education. In Orthodox Christianity is understood as the result of action of Holy Spirit and self-improvement in order to “gain” Holy Spirit; the self-improvement is aimed to forming such spiritual qualities as faith, hope, love, humility, meekness etc., that benefit psychosomatic health of people. Discussion and Conclusion. If among representatives of Orthodox Christianity engaged in the study of the problem there are no strong differences on the genesis of spirituality and its influence on all sides of human life, then among scientists there are rather different views on the problem. Some representatives of scientific society consider spirituality exceptionally from materialism approach, but the other use certain synthetic approaches, taking into account that materialism is not able to give answers for all questions.
THE REVIEW on the monograph by Archie J. Bahm “Why be moral?” New Mexico. Albuquerque. World books, 1992, 435 p.
Authors: Somkin A. A.
Published: May 2020

At present, a special role is played by socio-philosophical studies of a worldview and methodological nature. There is a need for systematization and generalization of knowledge of the humanities and natural sciences about a person on a united integrative scientific and philosophical basis. This makes it possible to take a fresh look at the solution of the urgent problems facing society in the modern transitional era, when old values lose their significance, and new ones are only just beginning to take shape in public consciousness. A person should be in the center of attention not only as a natural or socially active being, but also as a responsible person. In connection with the foregoing, the original conception of the integrated personality of the contemporary American humanist philosopher Archie J. Bahm (1907–1996), set forth in his monograph “Why be moral?” (1992) and who is a representative of a special philosophical trend – organicism. His works have no translational analogues in domestic literature. In this digest for the first time we conduct a brief study of the main provisions of his personality theory and its relations with social groups of different levels to which one belongs in a democratic society. This is especially actual in the light of the transition of Russian society from an authoritarian orientation to democratic forms of government, taking into account its national identity and its own historical experience.
NEW PRODUCTIVE FORCES: TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIETY
Authors: Akimov Alexander V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article deals with innovations in technology in recent years, which significantly affect the prospects of socio-economic development. Methods. The article uses the historical method, description of technologies and forecast scenarios. Results. The productive forces of any society consist of three components. These are natural resources, human labour and capital, or tools and technologies. During the first three technological revolutions, the role of human labor in the reproduction processes in the economy changed, but was consistently high. In the course of the fourth industrial revolution, technologies are being created to replace human labor in production. Together with the labour-saving technologies accumulated during the previous industrial revolutions, they dramatically increase the role of capital and technology and displace man and women from material production and a large part of the service sector. Discussion and Conclusion. Society’s adaptation to new technologies can be realized in different scenarios. The variety of options for socio-economic and political development can be reduced to four main options with the following conditional names: “New Rome”, “Communism according to K. Marx”, “Dystopia”, “Cheap labour in the service sector”. The first is an analogue of the ancient Roman social structure with robots working instead of slaves. The second is the Communist distribution model with material abundance. The third is the crude power of elite with varying degrees of genocide against their own people. The fourth is the maintenance of market relations in the sphere of services for employment of the population, while goods will be produced by robotic systems and artificial intelligence.
Industry of Mordovia during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: conditions of formation and ways of development
Authors: Koshina Olga V. , Skvorcova Larisa G.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The problem of the development of industry in Mordovia during the war remains relevant in modern conditions. In the year of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, researchers again turn their attention to various aspects of the industrial development of the republic during the war years. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological paradigm of the study was the theory of modernization. The socio-economic processes in the MASSR are analyzed, which testify to the formation of the foundations of an industrial society in the agrarian republic. The narrative method is actively combined with the sociological and historical-comparative. The multifactorial approach allowed the authors to identify the conditions for the formation of the industrial base of the republic in wartime. Results. The main problems in the development of the industrial base of Mordovia during the war were: shortage and low qualification of personnel, imbalance between the engineering and working staff of enterprises, interruptions in the supply of raw materials and electricity, the absence of heavy industry in pre-war Mordovia, lack of production space for evacuated enterprises, and difficult social living conditions for evacuated specialists. Discussion and Conclusions. The ways to increase industrial production during the war were: socialist competition, various methods of advanced training, overtime in wartime, an innovative movement, the mobilization of different sectors of the population at industrial facilities. Evacuated enterprises formed the basis of the industrial base of post-war Mordovia.
Adaptación basada en ecosistemas: efecto de los árboles de sombra sobre servicios ecosistémicos en cafetales
Authors: Villarreyna Rogelio Antonio , Avelino Jacques , Cerda Rolando
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El manejo de árboles de sombra en un sistema de producción se considera una práctica de adaptación basada en ecosistemas capaz de proveer múltiples servicios ecosistémicos. Objetivo. Contribuir al entendimiento de los efectos de los árboles en cafetales sobre servicios ecosistémicos de aprovisionamiento y regulación, y cómo el análisis de relaciones entre servicios puede contribuir a mejorar el diseño y manejo de estos sistemas. Desarrollo. El estudio se realizó entre julio y octubre de 2017. Los árboles de sombra tienen un efecto sobre el rendimiento de café, atribuido a su influencia en la regulación de la carga fructífera. Este efecto puede tener resultados positivos con un manejo agroforestal adecuado, pues reduciría fluctuaciones bienales extremas de la producción de café. Los árboles también regulan el clima dentro del cafetal (microclima), además, tienen efectos positivos sobre la fertilidad del suelo, la cantidad de materia orgánica, el reciclaje de nutrientes, disminuyen la evaporación del suelo, reducen la erosión y secuestran carbono. Sin embargo, hay algunos aspectos que aún siguen siendo complejos y a veces contradictorios. En general, la documentación de los aspectos positivos de los árboles sobre servicios de aprovisionamiento y regulación son mayores que los negativos. Conclusión. Esta revisión evidencia un efecto de los árboles de sombra sobre los servicios ecosistémicos. El conocimiento de dichos efectos, con base en el interés y expectativas de los sistemas sociales, debe ser complementado con análisis de relaciones entre servicios con miras a identificar mejores prácticas agroforestales o sistemas modelo capaces de proveer varios servicios simultáneamente.
Estudio molecular de seis cepas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) y Cochliomyia macellaria
Authors: Toledo Perdomo Claudia Elizabeth , Skoda Steven R.
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El gusano barrenador del ganado, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), es una plaga de importancia económica para animales de sangre caliente, principalmente el ganado vacuno. Objetivo. Caracterizar molecularmente seis cepas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) y la especie Cochliomyia macellaria, por medio de las secuencias del mtADN. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó durante los años 2006 y 2007, utilizando seis cepas de colonias procedentes de México, Panamá y Costa Rica, ubicadas en el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales, Panamá. Se optimizaron tres cebadores de seis que fueron evaluados, por medio del método de secuenciación cíclica. Para establecer las relaciones filogenéticas entre las cepas se realizaron los análisis de Parsimonia, NJ (Neighbor-Joining), Máxima Verosimilitud y Bayesiano. Para C. macellaria se evaluaron tres cebadores que fueron utilizados para C. hominivorax. Resultados. Se obtuvieron las regiones del genoma mitocondrial NADH4–tRNA–NADH5. Todos los análisis mostraron la misma topología formando cuatro clados definidos. El primero formado por las cepas de Oaxaca y Quintana Roo, el segundo por las cepas de Chiapas, el tercero por las cepas de Costa Rica y Panamá y el cuarto por la población de Brasil, obtenida de GenBank. En C. macellaria dos cebadores lograron amplificar la región NADH4 y uno la región NADH5. Conclusión. Las amplificaciones obtenidas en esta investigación aportan información para continuar con los estudios moleculares entre las especies de C. macellaria y C. hominivorax; también para identificar el origen geográfico de las cepas.
Productive performance of Holstein and the crossbreding Kiwi Cross x Holstein cattle
Authors: Mogollón García Henry David , Nieto Sierra David Felipe , Castro-Rincón Edwin
Published: May 2020

Introduction. During decades, milk production in the Nariño state has depended on the Holstein breed. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate a model of milk production that allows to decrease production costs and in turn improves the compositional quality of the milk. Objective. This study aimed to compare milk production and compositional quality of Holstein (HO) and the crossbreed between Kiwi Cross (KC) x HO. Materials and methods: Monthly milk production in HO cows (n=30) and the ones from the F1 of the KC x HO cross (n=40), was measured by adjusting the day in milk (DIM) and milk production by third of lactation, fat, protein and total solids. For the period between October 2016 and May 2017, 9,809 dairy production records were analyzed. Results: Maximum production was 25.8 ± 0.53 vs. 23.2 ± 0.53 l day-1 for HO vs. KC cows (p<0.05), respectively. The DIM was not different; however, in days 60, 90, 150, 180, 210 and 240 the HO group produced more milk than the KC group, with a persistence in the lactation peak until day 60, and from that point onwards milk production showed decreasing rates in both groups. Furthermore, the production per third of lactation was higher (p<0.05) in the first third compared to the second and third periods for HO (13.6±0.56 vs. 11.3±0.5723 and 9.9±0.47 l day-1, respectively) and KC (12.8±0.4505 vs. 10.6±0.66 and 9.5 ± 1.69 l day-1, respectively). Fat content was higher (p<0.05) in KC compared to HO in week one, three and five (4±0.07, 4±0.07, 4±0.07 vs. 3.6±0.12, 3.6±0.11, 3.7±0.09 %, respectively); likewise, protein in week one and four was higher in the KC group compared to HO (3.3±0.04 vs. 3.1±0.05 %; p<0.05). Total solids were 13.3±0.17 vs. 12.5±0.23% (p<0.05) for KC and HO cows, respectively in weeks two and five. Conclusion: Milk production in KC and HO was similar; however, KC improved performance in compositional milk quality, increasing the percentages of fat, protein and consequently, total solids.
White spot syndrome virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimp farms in Costa Rica
Authors: Peña Navarro Nelson , Castro Vásquez Ruth , Dolz Gaby
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes systemic destruction of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues in shrimp and can cause 100 % mortality. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an intracellular microsporidian that causes lysis of epithelial cells in hepatopancreatic tubules in shrimp. Objective. Detect the presence of WSSV and EHP in fifteen shrimp farms in the Gulf of Nicoya and the Central Pacific from Costa Rica. Materials and methods. Between January 2017 and July 2018 water during the filling process of the pond, postlarvae, and juvenile shrimp of Penaeus vannamei was collected, during a production cycle in each one of the fifteen farms. Samples were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers and protocols to detect the VP41B gene in WSSV, and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of EHP. Results. The presence of WSSV was detected in one farm, while EHP was not detected in any of the fifteen farms. The sequencing of the amplified segments of the VP41B gene showed 100 % identity with isolated shrimp sequences in Taiwan and Mexico. Conclusion. WSSV was detected at a very low frequency and EHP was not detected in this study. It is necessary to continue monitoring these agents in the country’s shrimp farms.
Riego deficitario controlado su efecto sobre la nutrición, productividad y calidad de fruta en maracuyá
Authors: Rodriguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Basso-de-Figuera Carmen Amalia , Díaz Reyes Gabriel , León Pacheco Rommel Igor
Published: May 2020

Introducción. Se ha registrado que el estrés por agua es uno de los principales factores ambientales responsables de las fluctuaciones estacionales en los rendimientos del maracuyá; sin embargo, hay una escasez de información sobre la influencia del estrés hídrico en diferentes componentes del crecimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar la técnica de riego deficitario controlado (RDC) en el cultivo de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) y sus posibles efectos sobre la nutrición de la planta, uso eficiente del agua, productividad del cultivo y calidad de fruta. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo durante los años 2013 y 2014 en el Campo Experimental del Instituto de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela; bajo condiciones de bosque seco tropical. El diseño estadístico fue bloques al azar con tres tratamientos de riego (R1=100 % de Eto (evapotranspiración de referencia), R2=66 % de Eto y R3= 33 % de Eto)en las fases fenológicas no críticas del cultivo, cuatro réplicas y doce plantas por unidad experimental. Se definieron como fases críticas floración y fructificación. Se evaluaron variables nutricionales (contenido N, P, K, Ca y Mg en tejido foliar, y contenido de N, K y Ca en savia), eficiencia productiva (uso eficiente del agua, kg fruta planta-1 y kg fruta ha-1) y calidad de fruta (variables físicas y químicas). Resultados. La aplicación del RDC no afectó las variables nutricionales ni el rendimiento del cultivo. En cuanto a calidad de fruta, solo se presentaron diferencias significativas para porcentaje (%) de cáscara y jugo, sin embargo, con R2 los valores no resultaron limitantes en ambas variables. Conclusión. La restricción de la dotación hídrica en fases no críticas no afectó el desempeño agronómico de la planta.
Analisis Kritis Isi Pesan Dakwah dalam Buku 7 Keajaiban Rezeki
Authors: Hasnah Tantri Junia , Yaya Yaya , Ridwan Aang
Published: May 2020

Analisis wacana kritis pada penelitian ini berguna untuk mengetahui orisinilitas buku, menyesuaikan data dan fakta yang dikemukakan penulis, dan memahami latar belakang yang mengiringi terciptanya buku 7 Keajaiban Rezeki, sedangkan metode kualitatif dipilih untuk menalisis konteks pesan dakwah, kontruksi pesan dakwah dan teknik pengemasan pesan dakwah pada buku 7 Keajaiban Rezeki. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut Ippho Santosa berusaha menanamkan kebiasaan sedekah dikalangan masyarakat luas sebagai salahsatu magnet untuk menarik rezeki, meraih kesuksesan, dan kesehatan dalam 99 hari dengan cara berfikir otak kanan. Selanjutnya peneitian ini menemukan pesan Akidah, Akhlak, dan syariah dalam Buku 7 Keajaiban Rezeki yang dikontruksikan kedalam 3 jenis pesan yaitu Informatif, Persuasif dan Koersif dengan teknik pengemasan berupa data dan fakta yang sesuai dengan dalil Al-Qur’an dan kebiasaan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Metode analisis wacana kritis juga menemukan interpretasi berupa identifikasi wacana teks menjadi proses komunikasi dan adanya Implikasi berupa aspek-aspek kognisi yang dapat diterapkan dikehidupan masyarakat.

Critical discourse analysis in this study is useful for knowing the originality of the book, adjusting the data and facts presented by the author, and understanding the background that accompanied the creation of the 7 Keajaiban Rezeki, while the qualitative method was chosen to analyze the context of da'wah messages, missionary message construction and da'wah message packaging techniques. In the book 7 Keajaiban Rezeki. From the results of the study Ippho Santosa tried to instill alms habits among the general public as one of the magnets to attract sustenance, achieve success, and health in 99 days by right brain thinking. Furthermore, this research found the message of Aqeedah, Moral, and Shariah in the 7 Keajaiban Rezeki Book which was constructed into 3 types of messages, namely Informative, Persuasive and Coercive with packaging techniques in the form of data and facts in accordance with the Qur'anic propositions and habits that occur in society. The method of critical discourse analysis also finds interpretations in the form of identification of text discourse to be a communication process and the implication in the form of cognition aspects that can be applied to people's lives.
Therapeutic Apheresis in Glomerular Diseases after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Salvadori Maurizio , Tsalouchos Aris
Published: May 2020

Therapeutic apheresis is an extracorporeal treatment that selectively separates abnormal cells or substances from the blood that are linked with or cause certain disease states. It is widely used in transplantation medicine as an adjunctive therapeutic option.In kidney transplantation (KT), recurrent and de novo glomerular diseases represent the third most common cause of graft failure beyond the first year after transplantation, as current therapeutic options are limited. Evidence to support the use of therapeutic apheresis in these conditions is scarce, as it is only supported by observational studies. The purpose of this review was to examine and clarify the potential role of therapeutic apheresis and describe current evidence in the treatment of recurrent and de novo glomerular diseases after KT.
Attitude towards Atal Pension Yojana Scheme
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rupjyoti , Rengma Sendi Seb
Published: May 2020

The present study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. Total of 120 respondents were selected for the study. The objective of the study was to see the number of respondents belonging to two different professions (government and private) who have registered Atal Pension Yojana (APY) scheme and to study the attitude of respondents towards different aspects of APY scheme. It was found that most of the respondents under the two different professions have registered APY scheme. It was also found that they have favorable attitude towards different aspects of APY scheme. However, it was observed that some respondents have not yet registered the scheme as they are not familiar with the banking system and also due to low rate of interest of the scheme. Z- test also showed significant difference in the attitude towards the benefits through APY scheme between government and private employees.
Perceived Stress as a Predictor of Depressive symptoms among Wives of Alcohol Dependent Persons
Authors: Neelankavi Rekha Johny , Guzman Rosalito De
Published: May 2020

The present study observed the possible predictive effect of perceived stress on the depressive symptoms of wives of alcohol-dependent persons. Participants of the study involved 204 selected wives of alcohol-dependent persons from the 20 Kudumbasree groups (Women self-help group in Kerala, India) who completed the Perceived stress scale and Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale that measured perceived stress and depressive symptoms respectively. The results of the study showed a significantly positive relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, a regression analysis of the data showed that a significant variance of 60.3% of the depressive symptoms. The present study clearly gave the idea of perceived stress reduction can lessen the development of depressive symptoms among the participants. Thus, the present study recommends the need for a psychotherapeutic intervention program to be developed that can reduce perceived stress and depressive symptoms among wives of alcohol-dependent persons.
Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Beniwal Priyanka , Singh Chandrakala
Published: May 2020

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.
Problems Faced By Construction Workers Of Hisar City
Authors: Hooda Rupal , Mehta Manju
Published: May 2020

A large number of workers are engaged in the construction sector. Out of them approximately 30% are women workers. Construction industry is the major source of employment for workers in the unorganized sector. In India, construction industry is the second largest employer when compared to agriculture and covers others allied field of activities in the civil, mechanical and electrical area also. The Indian construction labor force is 7.5% of the total world labor force and it contributes to 16.4% of fatal global occupational accidents. A study was conducted on 30 construction workers working on different sites of hisar city. A questionnaire was used for collecting general information and for specific information. Data reveals that 56.66% of the respondents were in 26-35 years of age group followed by 86% of the respondents were married. 63.33% of the respondents were living in village. 83.33% of the respondents’ family consists of more than 5 members followed by 73.33% of the respondents’ family has two earning members. Body discomfort level was also analyzed by using Relative Important Index. Conclusively, Construction sector falls under unorganized sector of an economy. They are working under unsecured environment or work culture. The scenario only can be changed with the government intervention, by implementing the policies strictly.
Role of family variables in the maintenance and treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Shrinivasa Basavaraj , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Hamza Ameer
Published: May 2020

Mental illness in one of the members takes a heavy toll on the family. Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) not only affect the individual, but also impact the individual’s environment. Family members are easily drawn into compulsive rituals or avoidance behaviors in order to prevent or reduce the distress related to the illness. Such behaviors of family members may serve the same function as compulsions which are contradictory to the principles of exposure-based interventions used in the treatment of OCD. Given this bidirectional relationship between family reactions and symptomatology in the affected person, family context plays an important role in the maintenance and treatment of OCD. Thus, it is imperative to understand the role family variables that can have an effect on the course/outcome of illness, which might also help in management of this complex psychosocial condition. In this review, we briefly discuss the impact of OCD on family and how family members contribute to the maintenance of the symptoms of illness with their responses. The possible ways of engaging the family members in the treatment to address relevant family variables are also discussed.