bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Conversion to Protestantism: A Challenge in Ethnic and Religious Life of Brahmanism Cham People in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam
Authors: Chung Truong Van
Published: December 2018

The Cham Balamon people in Vietnam are an ethnic group with long religious and cultural traditions, who give a great importance to preserving their own cultural identity through generations. However, in recent years there are many economic, cultural and social changes in the life of the Cham Balamon community. One of the significant changes in the spiritual life of this community is the conversion of belief from Hinduism to Christianity. We think that this is an outstanding problem that needs to be addressed by formal and comprehensive scientific research projects. We have dispatched several research groups to conduct field trips, deep interviews and sociological surveys on the spiritual life of the Cham Balamon community. This paper is the first step of those researches pointing out the problems and challenges to the Cham Balamon community in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam. These are cultural and belief conflicts among people in the community or even among family members. However, we would predict that the biggest challenge is the risk of losing cultural identities that the Cham Balamon community is facing today due to religious conversion
Beruf and Squirrel James/Weber: Improving Our Minds
Authors: Nedel Arkady
Published: December 2018

As a form of intellectual assault on traditional philosophical trends, pragmatism had appeared at the beginning of the 20th century both to show what is it like to solve the real epistemological problems and prevent us from possible blunders we can make in future. Weber and James, the two key thinkers, whose pragmatic moves towards the phenomenon of knowledge were revolutionary, will be of main interest in the present paper. Not all, of course, but just one aspect of pragmatism I wish to examine: how should we really conduct ourselves and share our ideas in order to elaborate a more adequate knowledge about the world?
Rebutting Philosophical Scepticism: An Exploration of Wittgenstein’s Approach in his on Certainty
Authors: Mitra Ahinpunya
Published: December 2018

The best evidence in favour of a claim to knowledge warranties not the possibility of our not being wrong, so says the sceptic. Whatever grounds a putative knower has for some claim, always there exists a gap between the grounds and the claim. Anti-sceptical stands take the form of attempts either to bridge or close the gap. The Cartesian approach for bridging up the gap consists in specifying a guarantee for the subjective ground of beliefs that would secure them from sceptical attacks and elevate them to the status of knowledge. The guarantee is to be sought in the goodness of a deity, which by virtue of its sheer goodness will ensure our not being led into deception in matters of evidences for knowledge-claims, provided our epistemic endowments are used responsibly. Some not satisfied with the Cartesian tradition sought the guarantee elsewhere—in some basic self-justifying and self-evident beliefs providing foundation to our system of beliefs, which conjoined with the evidences for our claims to knowledge make such claims immune to sceptical attacks.
Dionysius on the Problem of Evil: Lessons One can Learn
Authors: Joseph Jijimon Alakkalam
Published: December 2018

The problem of evil is a much-debated issue and is as old as human history itself. Evil is a universal and the most common experience of humans, in the sense it functions as a common denominator and no one escapes. Evil causes a sense of isolation. This is evident in the lives of theists. Evil isolates humans from God. Evil is also one such experience that is personal and existential. Evil brings along a lot of meaninglessness. Here it expresses itself as victimization.
Extend schemas to make children feel empowered
Authors: Siraj-Blatchford John
Published: December 2018

A project in Walsall highlights how practitioners are successfully building upon children's favoured schemes and schema to build in new challenges, extend learning and improve EYFS outcomes.
Support children to make positive changes
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: December 2018

Practitioners need to work with children to understand the reasons and factors behind their challenging behaviour and to help them to fit into their social group without losing their individuality.
‘Education is a cultivating and nurturing experience’
Authors: Willis Richard
Published: December 2018

John Dewey's educational philosophy rejected learning by rote and the narrow physical boundaries of school itself. His ideas of progressive education embraced the wider community and real-life tasks.
How can we balance policy and pedagogy?
Authors: Skinner Don
Published: December 2018

We need to find ways of healing the divisions in educational, economic and social thinking, and bring together values and worldviews. Possibilities will then exist for improved policies, theories and practice.
‘We must build our EYTs’
Authors: Bayram Liz
Published: December 2018

It is widely recognised that Early Years Teachers play a vital role in supporting high quality early years education. The sharp decline in the number of people taking up this role must be urgently addressed.
Why the maths is ‘terrifying’
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: December 2018

How can providers keep up with increasing wage requirements if funding from government is stagnant or worse, decreasing? Undoubtedly there will be some tough battles to be fought in 2019.
Everything you knead…
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: December 2018

‘Real Bread Week’ provides the perfect reminder of the rewards of baking fresh bread. Get your children involved in the process and teach them both cooking skills and facts about this vital, basic foodstuff.
Herbal essences…
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: December 2018

Herbs are a wonderful, inexpensive resource which can be grown indoors on a windowsill or outdoors. Encourage children to learn their names, recognise their smells and understand their health benefits.
Small worlds, big ideas
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: December 2018

Small world play is traditional, absorbing and important for all children, as it encourages creative imaginations, builds strong relationships and contributes to learning in all areas of the EYFS curriculum.
Mucocutaneous separation in stoma patients: a critical review
Authors: Gosheron Emma
Published: December 2018

There are many stoma complications that can impact an ostomate's quality of life, particularly those affecting the surrounding skin, which is essential for maintaining appliance integrity to prevent leakage of effluent. Peristomal skin conditions affect up to half of new ostomates and can make psychological adaptation more difficult. Among the most common of these conditions is mucocutaneous separation, which affects up to a quarter of new ostomates. Reported incidence is highly inconsistent, likely due to disparate assessment criteria, poor recognition and/or underreporting. Mucocutaneous separation occurs in the first month following surgery and is caused by a breakdown in the wound healing process. The resulting cavity between the stoma and peristomal skin causes pain and discomfort, as well as impeding appliance adherence, increasing the potential of leaks. Although there is no standardised system of categorisation for assessment, nurses can use the Ostomy Skin Tool or the mild–severe system of Herlufsen et al along with management guidelines. Wound care principles should be applied to promote healing by secondary intention. In superficial mucocutaneous separation, pectin-based stoma powder can aid adherence. A moist environment can be cultivated with wound dressings, such as hydrogel, hydrocolloid or alginates. Slough can be treated with irrigation or a desloughing agent. Any wound exudate suggests the cavity should be filled with paste or absorptive dressing. Hydrocolloid wafers, pastes, mouldable rings and seals may have helpful healing properties and can create a smooth surface. Nutrition should also be addressed. Nurses must rely on experiential learning for treatment strategies and product selection. However, empirical evidence on the efficacy of these therapies in mucocutaneous separation would be invaluable in guiding evidence-based clinical decisions. Stoma care nurses have an essential role in assessing and treating this common and challenging condition.
Ciclosporin as salvage therapy in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a nurse's guide
Authors: Adio Jitka , O'Connor Marian , Burch Jennie
Published: December 2018

Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressant drug used to treat severe exacerbations of ulcerative colitis (UC). In mild UC, remission is achieved and maintained with the aminosalicylate mesalazine. Patients hospitalised with severe flares are usually treated with steroids. If steroids are contraindicated or ineffective, surgery can be avoided with rescue therapy using either infliximab or ciclosporin. As a treatment for acute, steroid-refractory colitis, intravenous ciclosporin is fast acting and effective, with a 58% success rate. However, it remains unlicensed in the UK, due to associated side effects and drug interactions. Although ciclosporin is not the most frequently used drug in UC, it remains an important option to understand, to help patients avoid surgery. This article is a guide to the safe use of ciclosporin to treat acute UC in the hospital setting, covering pre-infusion screening, infusion preparation and treatment monitoring. It also covers how to detect and respond to drug reactions and provide appropriate follow-up treatment should the intravenous course of ciclosporin be successful.
Treating hepatitis C in a dedicated GP practice for homeless patients: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Macbeth Kim , Davidson Katherine , Anderson Jessie
Published: December 2018

Homelessness is associated with poorer health outcomes compared with the general population, including increased incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. If untreated, HCV can lead to liver damage (cirrhosis) and cancer. However, with the availability of all-oral, well-tolerated and highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA), treatment for HCV is now straightforward. Despite this, homeless populations remain difficult to engage in traditional hospital-based HCV treatment services. In Edinburgh, successful HCV treatment is delivered in a dedicated GP practice for homeless people using collaborative working between primary and secondary care. This allows for a holistic patient-centred approach that integrates HCV treatment into routine healthcare provision in a location that is accessible and familiar to the patients. This results in cure of HCV, which benefits the individual by improving health outcomes and contributes to the goal of elimination of HCV in the population as a whole.
On the Nature of Human Persons and the Resurrection of the Body
Authors: Goetz Stewart
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I respond to Joshua Mugg and James T. Turner, Jr's claim that the doctrine of the resurrection requires the numerical sameness of ante- and post-mortem bodies.  I argue that they have not shown that Scripture teaches this view and, therefore, that animalism, as opposed to substance dualism, does not offer a superior explanation for the necessity of the resurrection .
The effect of plate design, bridging span, and fracture healing on the performance of high tibial osteotomy plates
Authors: MacLeod A. R. , Serrancoli G. , Fregly B. J. , Toms A. D. , Gill H. S.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established surgical procedure for the treatment of early-stage knee arthritis. Other than infection, the majority of complications are related to mechanical factors – in particular, stimulation of healing at the osteotomy site. This study used finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the effect of plate design and bridging span on interfragmentary movement (IFM) and the influence of fracture healing on plate stress and potential failure.

Materials and Methods

A 10° opening wedge HTO was created in a composite tibia. Imaging and strain gauge data were used to create and validate FE models. Models of an intact tibia and a tibia implanted with a custom HTO plate using two different bridging spans were validated against experimental data. Physiological muscle forces and different stages of osteotomy gap healing simulating up to six weeks postoperatively were then incorporated. Predictions of plate stress and IFM for the custom plate were compared against predictions for an industry standard plate (TomoFix).

Results

For both plate types, long spans increased IFM but did not substantially alter peak plate stress. The custom plate increased axial and shear IFM values by up to 24% and 47%, respectively, compared with the TomoFix. In all cases, a callus stiffness of 528 MPa was required to reduce plate stress below the fatigue strength of titanium alloy.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that larger bridging spans in opening wedge HTO increase IFM without substantially increasing plate stress. The results indicate, however, that callus healing is required to prevent fatigue failure. Cite this article: A. R. MacLeod, G. Serrancoli, B. J. Fregly, A. D. Toms, H. S. Gill. The effect of plate design, bridging span, and fracture healing on the performance of high tibial osteotomy plates: An experimental and finite element study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:639–649. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.712.BJR-2018-0035.R1.
Investigation of new additives to reduce the fume emission of bitumen during Asphalt Concrete Processing
Authors: Caputo Paolino , Ranieri Giuseppe Antonio , Godbert Nicolas , Aiello Iolinda , Tagarelli Antonio , Oliviero Rossi Cesare
Published: December 2018

Pavement materials play an important role in overall pavement sustainability including material acquisition processing, and transportation. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of new additives, to reduce bitumen’s fume emission expelled into the atmosphere, during the processing of asphalt concrete. The new additives act by trapping bitumen’s volatile substances avoiding their release at high temperatures. In this paper, we have been tested the performance of 2 types of mesoporous silica-based additives (AntiSmog 1 and AntiSmog 2). The idea of using these additives to reduce the emission of fumes in bitumen has been submitted as a patent. To quantify and characterize the emitted fumes, thermogravimetry (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique have been used. Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR) has been used to check the rheological properties and the possible sedimentation issues that could occur after the addition of the additives
Study of the physico-chemical quality of the water of irrigation in Biougra circle along with highlighting the effectiveness of an inhibitor of calcium carbonate precipitation
Authors: Hadfi Abdallah , Ben Aazza Said , Belattar M'barek , Mohareb Said , Driouiche Ali
Published: December 2018

Localized irrigation is characterized by localized frequent and continuous water supply. It ensures the efficient use of water. However, this fertigation system suffers from the problem of clogging of the distributors. The present study aims to study the physico-chemical quality of the water of irrigation within the Biougra circle; analyze of the type of scale deposited in the water pipes and the highlight of the effectiveness of an inhibitor of calcium carbonate precipitation. This study was carried out at a temperature of 25°C, using the technical "LCGE". Indeed, the classification of irrigation water, according to Piper, revealed that the analyzed waters are characterized by calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies with a slight tendency to migrate to the calcium and magnesium chloride and sulfate facies. The characterization of the scale collected in the irrigation water pipes of Biougra circle by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (ATD-ATG) made it possible to prove that the scale is mainly formed of calcium carbonate with calcite variety. The inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation by a food inhibitor was obtained with a concentration of 0.6 mg/L.
SPME Extraction Methods of Doped Organochlorine Pesticides in Moroccan Water Samples
Authors: Lakhili Ahmed , Fekhaoui Mohemmed , Bellaouchou Abdelkbir , El Abidi Abdallah , Tahiri Latifa
Published: December 2018

To investigate Organochlorine (OC) in Moroccan water samples, two different methods of extraction being the solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are exploited. The gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and the gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrum (GC-MS) are elaborated. In order to get the best extraction, different process parameters are cheeked and optimized. The relevant results are obtained using a time of unspecific binding properties of 30 minutes’ duration and mode of agitation for 30 min with agitation by a magnetic stirrer and a temperature of 30 °C. In particular, a comparative study between the results of SPME and LLE coupled to (GC-ECD) and (GC-MS), respectively, are given. Concretely, it has been found that the SPME extraction technique is a very useful method to analyze the pesticide residues in water samples controlled by local laboratories.
Synthesis and Analysis of Copper Neem (Azadirechta Indica) Soap-Nitro and Ethoxy Benzothiazole Complexes for Anti-Bacterial Activity Related with Skin Diseases
Authors: Kumawat Priyanka , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Nitin
Published: December 2018

The solid copper(II) soap derived from Neem (Azadirechta Indica)oil and its complex with ligand containing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen atoms like 2-amino -6-nitro benzothiazole and 2-amino- 6-ethoxy benzothiazole have been synthesized and characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and biological studies. From the analytical data, the stoichiometry of the complex has been observed to be 1:1 (metal:ligand). The derived compounds were found active against Staphylococcus aureus,Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNs), Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and micrococcus bacteria. These findings have high medical, industrial and economic significance as copper (II) soap and copper (II) soap complex could be harnessed in the formulation of medicated soaps.
Thomas Aquinas, the Beatific Vision and the Role of Christ: A Reply to Hans Boersma
Authors: Gaine Simon Francis
Published: December 2018

This article continues a conversation with Hans Boersma on the role of Jesus Christ in the beatific vision enjoyed by the saints. In his book Seeing God, Boersma maintained that there is a Christological deficit in Thomas Aquinas’s account of the beatific vision. In response I suggested that Aquinas held that Christ’s beatific vision is forever the cause of that of the saints. In his reply to me, Boersma more or less accepted my conclusion, but claimed there was still a Christological deficit because Aquinas mentions the thesis only rarely. He then drew attention to a second, more important factor in the alleged deficit, namely, Aquinas’s identification of the divine essence rather than Christ as the vision’s object. The present article responds to both elements of the alleged deficit, arguing against Boersma on the basis of the Summa Theologiae’s structure that there is no such deficit in Aquinas. While Boersma, after finding against Aquinas, moves in conclusion “towards a theophanic view of the beatific vision,” in my own conclusion I sketch out an alternative, Thomist account of the relationship between the beatific vision and heavenly theophany.
A study on development of Perceived Quality-Image Scale in Sports Organizations
Authors: Bayrakdaroglu Yeşim , Katkat Dursun
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to research how marketing activities of international sports organizations are performed and to develop a scale determining the effects of image management on public. The audiences of interuniversity World Winter Olympic sheld in Erzurum in 2011 participated in the research. Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability analysis were performed over the data obtained. All model fit indices of 25-item and four-factor structure of quality-image scale perceived in sports organizations applied were found to be at good level. In line with the findings obtained from the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analysis, it can be uttered that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in field researches.
Docking studies of tetra substituted pyrazolone derivatives as potential antiviral agents
Authors: Achuthanandhan Jyothi , Lakshmanan Baskar
Published: December 2018

In an attempt to find potential antiviral agents, a series of pyrazolones (PA1-PA6&Â PC1-PC6)Â were designed and evaluated for theirÂ Â DENVNS5 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies of all the designed compounds into the binding site ofÂ DENVNS5 (PDB Code: 4C11) were performed to gain a comprehensive understanding into rational binding modes. These compounds were also screened forÂ in silicoÂ drug-likeliness properties on the basis of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) prediction. Among all the synthesized compounds, analogueÂ Â PA6showed superior inhibitory activity against RNA dependent RNA polymerase.Â SARÂ Â study indicated that the presence of an electron withdrawing substitution on pyrazolone derivatives significantly improves its binding interaction with the protein.Results of ADME prediction revealed that most of these compounds showedÂ in silicoÂ drug-likeliness.
Estimating the Impact of Ride-Hailing App Company Entry on Public Transportation Use in Major US Urban Areas
Authors: Nelson Erik , Sadowsky Nicole
Published: December 2018

Since 2011, the private ride-hailing (RH) app companies Uber and Lyft have expanded into more and more US urban areas. We use a dynamic entry event study to examine the impact of Uber and Lyft’s entry on public transportation (PT) use in the United States’ largest urban areas. In most cases, entry into urban areas was staggered: Uber entered first, followed several months later by Lyft. We generally find that PT use increased in the representative urban area, all else equal, immediately following first RH app company entry. However, this spike in PT use largely disappeared following the entry of the second RH app company. Slightly different RH app company–PT use relationships emerge when we estimate the PT use model over various subsets of urban areas and PT modes.
Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) based on DNA barcoding
Authors: Feng Tingting , Li Qiwei , Wang Yesheng , Qiu Simin , He Mengling , Zhang Weimin , Dong Jun , Zhu Shuang
Published: December 2018

Aquilaria Lam. is an important group of trees that produce agarwood, which is widely used for manufacturing medicine, perfumes and incense. The members of the genus Aquilaria are close to being extinct due to illegal harvesting and are now protected in many countries. In this study, five DNA barcodes [internal transcribed spacer (ITS), maturase K (matK), psbA-trnH, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and trnL-trnF] and their combinations were evaluated for the discrimination of the major (16 out of 21) species of Aquilaria based on three criteria: sequence variation, genetic distances and the discrimination ability. In addition, we attempted to determine the phylogenetic relationship between Aquilaria and Gyrinops species using three phylogenetic analysis methods. We observed that the combination barcode ITS+trnL-trnF had a good discrimination ability based on the best match and best close match methods, provided more genetic information, and clearly indicated the comprehensive phylogenetic relationship between most Aquilaria and Gyrinops species. Considering the overall performance of these barcodes, the ITS+trnL-trnF is a suitable barcode for the identification of Aquilaria species.
Towards better UV-blocking and antioxidant performance of varnish via additives based on lignin and its colloids
Authors: Tan Shanyuan , Liu Di , Qian Yong , Wang Jingyu , Huang Jinhao , Yi Conghua , Qiu Xueqing , Qin Yanlin
Published: December 2018

Organosolv lignin (OL) extracted from pine wood was self-assembled into uniform nanocolloidal spheres (OLCS) in acetone/water and blended with varnish for better UV-blocking and antioxidant performance. The UV transmittance of the varnish with 1% OL was lower than that of a commercial varnish containing synthetic UVA and UVB blocker. Samples coated with OL-based varnish and UV irradiated for 100 h showed 84 and 69% less color change, respectively, compared to that of pure and commercial varnishes. Due to the higher surface area and better compatibility, the varnish blended with 1% OLCS showed better UV-blocking and photostability than those based on 1% OL additive. The color change of varnish was not perceptible. The lignin-based additives significantly enhanced the hardness and adhesion performance of the varnish and had little influence on the esthetic appearance of the samples. The hardness and modulus of elasticity of varnish increased by 61 and 36%, respectively, in the presence of 1% OLCS. The possible enhancement mechanism was explained by molecular interaction forces.
Thermal stability of lignin in ground pulp (GP) and the effect of lignin modification on GP’s thermal stability: TGA experiments with dimeric lignin model compounds and milled wood lignins
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Yano Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

For ground pulp (GP) utilization in wood fiber composites as reinforced material, its thermal behavior is relevant. The contribution of lignin to thermal performance of GP from Pinus densiflora was the focus of the present study. Dimeric lignin model compounds and isolated milled wood lignins (MWLs) from three sources were submitted for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The temperatures leading to 1% weight loss (T per 1% WL) for the material were determined. The thermal stability of β-O-4 models was the lowest. Among the MWLs, the abaca MWL with its high β-O-4 content was the least thermostable. An acetylated nonphenolic β-O-4 lignin model compound showed that acetylation improves the thermal stability of this type of dimeric models. The acetylation of benzylic OH groups in β-O-4 linkages is especially relevant for the thermal resistance, which was also shown based on pre-acetylated benzylic OH groups in the GP before the total acetylation.
Knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kumari Priyanka , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Siddharth Kumar , Sinha Shruti , Mehta Palkin , Chourasia Simran Kumari
Published: December 2018

Background

Oral cancer is most common cancer globally and is one of the most life-threatening conditions worldwide.

Aim

To assess the knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and the impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 250 young tobacco consumers from Ranchi, Jharkhand. A pretested validated questionnaire was used that collected information on knowledge and awareness of oral cancer from the respondents. The responses were estimated on a three-point scale (No/Don’t know/Yes). p-Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The majority of the respondents were aware of oral cancer (92.0%). Educational status was significantly associated with a good knowledge of awareness of oral cancer and its associated risk factors (p-Value <0.05). Media was identified as the main source for spreading oral cancer awareness (69.1%). The majority of the people were aware of the pictorial warnings on tobacco products (96.1%). However, the pictorial warnings seem to have a very low impact on willingness to quit tobacco by the respondents (20.0%).

Conclusion

Alternative strategies need to be employed by the government to motivate people to quit tobacco consumption. Dental health education should be provided and educational pamphlets should be distributed to create awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption.
Coping and Pre-Licensure Registered Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Salinas-Harrison Danna L.
Published: December 2018

Despite a wealth of information and growing diversity among nursing students, little is known about coping behaviors employed by these students or students educated in diverse environments. The aim of this integrative literature review was to examine what is known about stress, coping, measures of coping, and interventions to enhance coping, and in pre-licensure nursing students. Twenty-six peer-reviewed research articles were included. Stress, coping styles and behaviors, support, interventions, and instruments to measure coping were identified as key themes. Variations in coping were noted by gender, age, length of time in the program, and culture. Analysis of the literature illuminated the importance of support for students, and strong indications suggested educators play a pivotal role in helping students develop adaptive coping strategies. Nursing programs should consider incorporating coping instruction into the curricula.
Fallen Monuments: An Introduction
Authors: Dean David
Published: December 2018

This essay introduces the special section on Fallen Monuments. It explores the importance of monuments as one of the ways in which publics engage with the past and explains why they often become sites of debate and controversy. In addition to summarizing the five contributions that make up the special section, the author offers some reflections on the afterlives of monuments with examples from Canada and Poland.
The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization
Authors: Özbek Egemen
Published: December 2018

The destruction of the Monument to Humanity caused a heated debate in Turkey about the relationship between political power and artistic freedom. However, parties in this debate failed, to a great extent, to address the genocidal past the monument had evoked, let alone to take responsibility for the denial of that past in Turkey.
Apples to Oranges? The American Monumental Landscape
Authors: Tebeau Mark
Published: December 2018

Grassroots activism has pushed cities across the United States to reconsider Confederate Monuments. Historians have played an important public role in those discussions. To date approximately 100 such monuments, of the more than 1500 that dot the American landscape, have been removed. The Confederate monuments debate has lent support to the work of activists challenging a wide range of objectionable monuments. For example, memorials that commemorate individuals involved in settler colonialism and the genocide of Native Americans, including monuments to U.S. Presidents, are being reassessed. A broad-based reconsideration of the monumental landscape will require hard political choices as Americans reckon with their difficult national past.
The Limits of Iconoclasm: Soviet War Memorials since the End of Socialism
Authors: Gabowitsch Mischa
Published: December 2018

There is a widespread perception that the countries of the former Soviet bloc removed all or most communist-era public monuments soon after the end of socialism. Based on a number of heavily publicized instances of iconoclasm, this claim is wildly exaggerated. Focusing on war memorials, the paper provides an overview of cases of destruction and removal, starting in Soviet times. It shows that centralized campaigns to remove Soviet war memorials (as opposed to local initiatives) have been the exception rather than the rule. Thus the most recent Polish decommunization campaign is an outlier among post-socialist policies regarding such memorials. The paper also contextualizes cases of removal and destruction by mentioning other ways of dealing with Soviet war memorials, such as symbolic marginalization, artistic interventions, or new construction.
In Podcasts We Trust? A Brief Survey of Canadian Historical Podcasts
Authors: Picard Nathalie , Marsillo Cassandra
Published: December 2018

In this article, we highlight the exciting and growing historical podcast scene in Canada. We chose a variety of podcasts to represent the diverse institutions, communities and individuals who are telling histories through this medium. To represent popular history, we looked at Our Fake History a project that delves into historic mythologies and conspiracies. For the academic perspective, we looked at Active History, produced by Sean Graham of Carleton University, and at the museum-based podcast, Kitchen Stories, from the Jewish Archives of British Columbia, as an example of institutionally produced media. Community podcast The Nameless Collective and student-run podcast 3600 secondes d'histoire round out our survey. Each podcast shows a different approach to telling history, and allowed us to explore the issue of authority. Asking the question, “Can we trust historical podcasts?”, we examine how each podcasters establish their relationship to their audience, and conveys their expertise on the topics they discuss. Regardless of the perceived level of formal authority, from individual to institution supported podcaster, we found that trust was formed primarily through the intimate listening experience. Listeners are invested in keeping the podcasters accountable and therefore help produce trustworthy historical podcasts.
The Background, Development and Problems of Public History in China
Authors: Meng Jiang
Published: December 2018

This article traces the origins and development of public history in China, from its roots in historical memory in pre-modern times, through its role in shaping the nation in the period of modernization, to the emergence of histories of everyday life and popular histories in China today. It raises questions about what is public history in contemporary China, particularly the relationship between popular and academic history and the formalization of the field as seen in new institutions and a new journal.
Politics of Memory and Cinematography in Modern Russia: the October Revolution and the Civil War
Authors: Isaev Egor M.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the representation of the era of the October Revolution and the Civil War in contemporary Russian popular cinema. It describes the modern tools used by the state to create new images of the past and to reconstruct history in Russian popular culture. It also considers how Russian society has reacted to this official discourse.
Review of Russian Exhibits and Media Projects on the Centennial of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Lipilina Natalia
Published: December 2018

The Russian Revolution of 1917 altered the fate and political landscape not only of Europe, but of the world. The article discusses the many exhibitions in Russia on the centenary of the Russian Revolution in major museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in other parts of the country. In most exhibitions, poignant questions and conflicting memories put forth by different groups about the same events were strictly avoided, and many curators shied away from offering interpretations or making assessments as much as possible. What the jubilee year has shown is that the causes and consequences of the Revolution will continue to be studied and discussed.
Drug-induced optic neuropathy in a case of extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Rana Proteesh , Roy Vandana , Ahmad Jamshed
Published: December 2018

We report a 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with reversible bilateral toxic optic neuropathy induced by the use of linezolid along with high-dose isoniazid. The case emphasizes the importance of recognizing toxic optic neuritis in patients on antitubercular therapy. Prompt recognition and treatment of such adverse drug reactions will reduce the associated morbidity.
Neuroprotective role of 6-Gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) against acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde , Abolaji Amos Olalekan , Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi , Awosanya Olaide , Fabusoro Mobolaji
Published: December 2018

Background

Acrylonitrile (AN) is a neurotoxin that is widely used to manufacture synthetic fibres, plastics and beverage containers. Recently, we reported the ameliorative role of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, GRF) on the chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats. Here, we investigated the protective role of GRF on AN-induced brain damage in male rats.

Methods

Male rats were orally treated with corn oil (2 mL/kg, control), AN (50 mg/kg, Group B), GRF (200 mg/kg, Group C), AN [50 mg/kg+GRF (100 mg/kg) Group D], AN [(50 mg/kg)+GRF (200 mg/kg) Group E] and AN [(50 mg/kg)+N-acetylcysteine (AC, 50 mg/kg) Group F] for 14 days. Then, we assessed the selected markers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status and inflammation in the brain of rats.

Results

The results indicated that GRF restored the AN-induced elevations of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels. GRF also prevented the AN-induced depletion of brain glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, GRF prevented the AN-induced cerebral cortex lesion and increased brain immunohistochemical expressions of Caspases-9 and -3.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that GRF may be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of AN-induced model of brain damage.
Supply Chain Liability for Workers’ Injuries – Lessons to be Learned from Products Liability?
Authors: Ulfbeck Vibe
Published: December 2018

It is argued that supply chain liability could be based either on tort law or on contract law and – drawing on experience from product liability law – it is examined whether there is a basis for assuming that these two approaches might end up merging into one unified approach forming the basis of a new concept of ‘production liability’.
A Dangerous Method: Correlations and Proof of Causation in Vaccine Related Injuries
Authors: Rizzi Marco
Published: December 2018

In June 2017 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down a complex decision on the liability of vaccine producers. The reference for a preliminary ruling stemmed from a French case in which a hepatitis B vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur allegedly caused personal injury to Mr W in the form of multiple sclerosis, a disease that ultimately led to his death.
All You Ever Wanted to Know About Adequate Proof of Causation in Tort Law
Authors: Green Michael D
Published: December 2018

Proof of Causation addresses many contemporary and classical issues about causation and its proof in tort cases. This review explains the admirable depth, breadth, and scope of the book, along with the author’s assessment that would limit instances when the burden and standard of proof of causation are relaxed. In the final section, the review addresses the relative paucity of consideration by Proof of Causation of scientific evidence despite its increased importance in the contemporary toxic tort area.
Integrative Gene Selection on Gene Expression Data: Providing Biological Context to Traditional Approaches
Authors: Perscheid Cindy , Grasnick Bastien , Uflacker Matthias
Published: December 2018

The advance of high-throughput RNA-Sequencing techniques enables researchers to analyze the complete gene activity in particular cells. From the insights of such analyses, researchers can identify disease-specific expression profiles, thus understand complex diseases like cancer, and eventually develop effective measures for diagnosis and treatment. The high dimensionality of gene expression data poses challenges to its computational analysis, which is addressed with measures of gene selection. Traditional gene selection approaches base their findings on statistical analyses of the actual expression levels, which implies several drawbacks when it comes to accurately identifying the underlying biological processes. In turn, integrative approaches include curated information on biological processes from external knowledge bases during gene selection, which promises to lead to better interpretability and improved predictive performance. Our work compares the performance of traditional and integrative gene selection approaches. Moreover, we propose a straightforward approach to integrate external knowledge with traditional gene selection approaches. We introduce a framework enabling the automatic external knowledge integration, gene selection, and evaluation. Evaluation results prove our framework to be a useful tool for evaluation and show that integration of external knowledge improves overall analysis results.
Synthesis and crystal structure of trans-tetraaqua-bis(3-(((7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)methyl)ammonio)propanoato-κO)zinc(II) tetrahydrate, C38H48N2O26S2Zn
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Pan Li-Wei , Qin Yong-Ling , Xie Yan-Jun , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2018

C38H48N2O26S2Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.7219(7) Å, b = 8.0394(4) Å, c = 17.1968(8) Å, β = 92.210(4)°, V = 2171.97(18) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0395, wRref(F2) = 0.0951, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano-[4,3-b]pyran-3-carboxylate, C19H19NO7
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Qiong , Tang Qin , Xie Xian-Hong , Feng Jing , Hu Juan-Juan
Published: December 2018

C19H19NO7, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.140(2) Å, b = 14.233(2) Å, c = 13.847(3) Å, β = 99.246(4)°, V = 1777.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0979, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure and photochemical property of 1,8-bis(p-tolylthio)pyrene, C30H22S2
Authors: Bin Wen , Li-Hua Xu , Na Liu , Zhong-Hai Ni
Published: December 2018

C30H22S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.604(4) Å, b = 11.556(5) Å, c = 13.090(7) Å, α = 93.964(8)°, β = 93.209(8)°, γ = 90.619(9)°, V = 1145.7(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1295, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of rac-3,6-dimethyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-6-vinyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-indol-2-one, C15H19NO
Authors: Bai Yunli , Wang Yanhong , Li Xingyi , Xun Miao-Miao , Yuan Changchun
Published: December 2018

C15H19NO, M = 229.32, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.9535(5) Å, b = 7.4037(6) Å, c = 14.5179(9) Å, α = 97.879(4), β = 93.543(5), γ = 116.785(5), V = 654.43(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0520, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1518, T = 173 K.
Sounding the Alarm: The Political Economy of Whistleblowing in the US Security State
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Goodman Nathan , Hall Abigail R.
Published: December 2018

What role do whistleblowers play in democratic politics? This paper answers this question by analyzing the political economy of whistleblowing within democratic political institutions. Democratic politics is characterized by numerous principal-agent problems creating significant space for opportunism. Whistleblowers help to resolve these principal-agent problems through the revelation of information regarding abuses of power. These revelations can take place internally, by taking advantage of channels to report abuse, or externally, by publicly revealing information. The latter is especially important where internal mechanisms for reporting opportunism are lacking. Whistleblowing in the US national security state is presented to illustrate this logic.
Chronic pain after bilateral thoracotomy in lung transplant patients
Authors: Petersen Pernille L. , Bredahl Pia , Perch Michael , Møller Christian H. , Finnerup Nanna B. , Nikolajsen Lone
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

The relative contribution of patient-related factors and intraoperative nerve damage for the development of chronic pain after surgery is unclear. This study aimed to examine chronic pain after bilateral thoracotomy. We hypothesized, that individual patient-related risk factors would be important resulting in an intraindividual uniformity of pain and hyperphenomena between the two sides of the thorax.

Methods

Twenty patients who had undergone lung transplantation via bilateral thoracotomy 6–12 months previously were included from the Danish Lung Transplant program, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, from October 2016 to August 2017. All patients answered questionnaires about pain in and around the scar, completed the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and underwent bedside examination for hyperphenomena (brush- and cold-evoked allodynia, pinprick hyperalgesia) and pinprick hypoalgesia.

Results

Nine patients reported spontaneous pain bilaterally, five patients had pain on one side only, and six patients had no pain. Hyperphenomena were present on both sides of the thorax in 13 patients, on one side in four patients, and three patients had no hyperphenomena. The intraindividual uniformity of pain (p=0.029) and hyperphenomena (p=0.011) between the two sides of the thorax suggests that patient-related factors play an important role in the development of chronic pain.

Conclusions

The results of the present study provide support for the hypothesis of an individual predisposition for the development of chronic pain after thoracotomy.

Implications

Patient-related risk factors contribute to the development of chronic pain after thoracotomy. This result most likely can be transferred to chronic pain after other surgical procedures and therefore help us understand risk factors for chronic pain after surgery.
The Impact of Voting Advice Applications on Electoral Turnout: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Gemenis Kostas
Published: December 2018

A new aspect of electoral campaigns in Europe, and increasingly elsewhere as well, has been the proliferation of the online voter information tools, widely known in the political science community as Voting Advice Applications (VAAs). By accessing VAAs, users are provided with information about the degree of congruence between their policy preferences and those of different parties or candidates. Although the exact mechanisms have not been rigorously investigated, a series of studies across European countries, such as Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland have demonstrated a link between the use of VAAs and electoral turnout. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this growing literature by analyzing previously untapped data from Greece, extending the empirical literature to a country where VAA effects have not been investigated before. The analysis indicates that the effect of VAAs in Greece is marginal to non-existent while there seems to be no evidence of the hypothesized information mechanism which purportedly drives such effects. The paper concludes with suggestions that future studies of VAA effects on turnout can address in their design.
Zur Kontextualisierung der Unternehmenskultur als Führungsgröße international operierender Hotelunternehmen: Theoretische Fundierung und empirische Erkenntnisse
Authors: A.Gardini Marco
Published: December 2018

Angesichts der seit einigen Jahrzehnten zu beobachtenden Entwicklung der verstärkten Internationalisierung von Hotelunternehmen sieht sich das Management multinationaler Hotelgesellschaften zunehmend mit länderübergreifenden und interkulturellen Führungsaufgaben und Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Eine vielbeachtete Sonderstellung unter den Führungsansätzen nimmt in der internationalen Managementliteratur dabei die Unternehmenskultur ein, im Sinne einer normativen Steuerung internationaler Koordinations- und Integrationsprozesse. Entsprechend werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Rolle und die Relevanz der Unternehmenskultur als Führungsgröße in der internationalen Hotellerie einer theoriegeleiteten Kontextualisierung unterzogen. Ziel ist dabei, den Zusammenhang zwischen den Besonderheiten der Hotellerie und der Unternehmenskultur im Hinblick auf das Management und den Erfolg multinationaler Hotelunternehmen zu beleuchten.