bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSES INTERAKSI SOSIAL SISWA DALAM UPAYA MEMBINA WARGA NEGARA YANG BAIK (STUDI KASUS PADA SISWA PENGUNGSI KORBAN KERUSUHAN SOSIAL SAMBAS PADA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI SINGKAWANG SELATAN, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT)
Authors: R Samion A , Nur Syafrial
Published: April 2018

Usaha untuk menciptakan manusia menjadi warga negara yang baik, apabila dilakukan pada kondisi yang umum atau biasa,Â dapat diwujudkan atau direalisasikan. Namun lain halnya denganÂ siswa yang mengalami peristiwa yang sangat traumatis. Hal iniÂ menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang sangat buruk, seperti yangÂ dialami oleh siswa korban kerusuhan di Kabupaten Sambas padaÂ awal Maret 1999. Kerusuhan sosial tersebut berakar pada masalahÂ etnis sehingga mengakibatkan pengungsian secara besar-besaranÂ yang sekarang ini masih berada di lokasi penampungan yang menyebarÂ di berbagai lokasi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, seperti KotaÂ Pontianak, Kabupaten Pontianak, Kota Singkawang, dan KabupatenÂ Bengkayang. Agar anak usia sekolah pada anak pengungsi mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak, anak-anak tersebut dititipkanÂ pada sekolah-sekolah yang berada di sekitar lokasi pengungsian.Â Diharapkan siswa tersebut dapat mengikuti pendidikan dan sekaligus mampu berinteraksi dalam proses pembelajaran secara baik sehingga pada akhirnya terhindar dari trauma yang dialaminya.Â
KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK ANAK KEMBAR USIA DUA TAHUN TUJUH BULAN
Authors: Pelenkahu Noldy
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi empirisÂ tentang pemerolehan bahasa anak kembar usia dua tahun tujuh bulanÂ dan gambaran pola pengembangan kecerdasan linguistik anakÂ kembar dalam kehidupan keluarganya. Penelitian ini dilakukanÂ kepada dua anak kembar dari sebuah keluarga yang memiliki statusÂ sosial ekonomi yang cukup baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaÂ (1) dalam mengujarkan satu dan dua serta tiga kata diawali denganÂ mengujarkan suku kata awal dan akhir yang dilakukannya secaraÂ bergantian; (2) dalam pemerolehan bahasa sangat tergantung padaÂ pola kehidupan berbahasa yang ada di lingkungan keluarganya,Â yakni sedikit banyaknya bergantung pada pola berbahasa yangÂ dilakukan oleh ibu mereka, kemudian ayah, dan saudara-saudaranya;Â (3) kebanyakan kata-kata yang mampu diujarkan menggambarkanÂ kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam kehidupan keluarga anak tersebut;Â (4) kedua anak itu baik dalam mengikuti kegiatan keluarga sehinggaÂ mereka mampu mengujarkan kata-kata yang sesuai dengan faktaÂ sebenarnya; dan (5) kedua anak tersebut kurang memiliki bakatÂ bahasa yang dib aw a sejak lahirnya sehingga orangtua perluÂ mengembangkannya agar tidak mengalami keterlambatan dalamÂ pemerolehan bahasa yang baik dan benar.
KETERKAITAN ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEMISKINAN, DAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI INDONESIA
Authors: M.Si Yuliana S.P.,
Published: April 2018

Rendahnya pertumbuhan ekonomi akibat krisis ekonomiÂ yang terjadi menyebabkan meningkatnya insiden kemiskinan di negaraÂ ini. Peningkatan insiden kemiskinan sangat mungkin berlangsungÂ melalui kenaikan harga-harga (khususnya komoditi makanan) karenaÂ depresiasi rupiah yang drastis, kontraksi sektor formal yang kemudianÂ berakibat pada menjamurnya kebangkrutan usaha-usaha ekonomi,Â meningkatnya pengangguran terbuka dan memburuknya prospekÂ pasar kerja di sektor informal perkotaan, melemahnya permintaanÂ barang dan jasa, serta penurunan drastis produksi pertanian.Â Kesemuanya itu pada gilirannya berakibat pada penurunan tingkatÂ pendapatan dan daya beli sebagian besar penduduk, khususnyaÂ kelompok dengan pendapatan rendah, baik di daerah perkotaanÂ maupun di pedesaan. Rendahnya daya beli masyarakat terhadap makanan menyebabkan semakin besarnya masalah gizi (gizi buruk)Â khususnya pada anak usia bawah Lima tahun (balita).
ENTRY LEVEL ASSESSMENT SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PROGRAM DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LULUSAN LPTK: KAJIAN LITERATUR TENTANG KONSEP DAN PENGAPLIKASIANNYA
Authors: Heryadi Dedi
Published: April 2018

Pelbagai komponen masyarakat menilai bahwa kualitasÂ hasil pendidikan di Indonesia masih dianggap kurang. PenyebabÂ kurangnya kualitas pendidikan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. SalahÂ satu komponen sistem pendidikan yang dianggap menjadi faktorÂ penghambat upaya meningkatkan kualitas hasil pendidikan adalahÂ kualitas tenaga pendidikan. Di dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitasÂ tenaga pendidikan pemerintah terus berupaya menyelenggarakanÂ berbagai program, seperti mengadakan pelatihan-pelatihan bagi paraÂ guru, pemberian b antuan beasiswa untuk studi lanjutan, danÂ dimunculkannya Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 tahunÂ 2005 tentang Guru dan Dasen. Suatu ha! yang perlu segera mendapatÂ perhatian yaitu perlunya memperbaiki sistem proses pendidikan padaÂ lembaga-lembaga pendidikan tenaga kependidikan (LPTK), karenaÂ lembaga ini berperan sebagai pencetak (produsen) tenaga-tenagaÂ kependidikan. Upaya perbaikan sistem proses pendidikan di LPTKÂ yang cukup aw al dan mendasar perlu dilaksanakan denganÂ mengadakan entry level assessment (ELA) sebagai bentuk pengukuranÂ atau penelusuran awal untuk menempatkan calon-calon peserta didikyang benar-benar sesuai dengan kemampuan dasar dan minat yangÂ dimilikinya. Secara lebih operasional hasil ELA dapat digunakanÂ sebagai dasar untuk melaksanakan pelayanan yang lebih terorganisirÂ dan terarah kepada para peserta didik (student support service)Â sehingga hasil pendidikan (output) yang dicapai dapat memuaskanÂ dan siap kerja.
PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSI BAGI ANAK BERKELAINAN
Authors: Widyastono Herry
Published: April 2018

Anak berkelainan berada di seluruh pelosok tanah airÂ (kecamatan/desa), sedangkan sekolah untuk anak berkelainan, yakniÂ Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB}, pada umumnya berada di kabupatenlkota,Â sehingga banyak anak berkelainan dari keluarga yang kurang mampuÂ ekonominya tidak bersekolah karena kesulitan transportasi danÂ sekolah umum (SDISMP) terdekat pada umumnya tidak bersediamenerimanya karena ketidaktahuan cara melayaninya. Hal ini tidakÂ dapat dibiarkan terus menerus karena akan menghambat progamÂ penuntasan wajib belajar pendidikan dasar. Oleh karena ituÂ pemerintah perlu melakukan terobosan berupa penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusi dengan berbagai alternatif penempatan anakÂ berkelainan pada: (1) kelas reguler tanpa tambahan bimbingankhusus; (2) kelas reguler dengan tambahan bimbingan khusus diÂ dalam; (3) kelas reguler dengan tambahan bimbingan khusus di luar;Â (4) kelas khusus dengan kesempatan berada di kelas reguler; (5)Â kelas khusus penuh; (6) sekolah khusus; (7) sekolah berasramaÂ (panti); atau (8) tempat khusus. Setiap penyelenggara pendidikanÂ dapat memilih alternatif penempatan anak berkelainan yangÂ didasarkan pada: (a) jumlah anak berkelainan yang akan dilayani;Â (b) jenis kelainan masing-masing anak; (c) gradasi (tingkat) kelainanÂ anak; (d) ketersediaan dan kesiapan tenaga kependidikan, serta (e)Â sarana-prasarana yang tersedia.
KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN KAJIAN YURIDIS DAN KONSEPTUAL
Authors: Widyastono Herry
Published: April 2018

Terdapat sejumlah kebijakan pemerintah dalam bidangÂ pendidikan yang dianggap kontroversial oleh sebagian masyarakat; ada yang pro, ada pula yang kontra. Kebijakan tersebut antara lainÂ mengenai pergantian kurikulum. Yang kontra beranggapan bahwaÂ setiap ganti menteri ganti pula kurikulum; misalnya, Kurikulum 2004Â belum dipahami sepenuhnya, sudah diganti dengan Kurikulum TingkatÂ Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Pemberlakuan KTSP merupakanÂ pelaksanaan dari amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003Â tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional; Peraturan Pemerintah NomorÂ 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan; serta PeraturanÂ Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 22 Tahun 2006 tentang StandarÂ lsi (SJ), Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Standar Kompetensi LulusanÂ (SKL), dan Nomor 24 Tahun 2006 tentang Pelaksanaan SI & SKLÂ untuk satuan pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Selain itu, pemberlakuan KTSP juga merupakan penerapan dari berbagai teori pengembangan kurikulum. KTSP, ditinjau dari model kurikulum,Â merupakan penerapan model kurikulum berbasis kompetensi; ditinjauÂ dari model pengelolaan pengembangan kurikulum, merupakan penerapan model pengelolaan pengembangan kurikulum oleh satuanÂ pendidikan; ditinjau dari model implementasi kurikulum, merupakanÂ penerapan gabungan model implementasi kurikulum mutual adapÂ­tive dan enachment.
KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEPANJANG SEJARAH (SUATU TINJAUAN KRITIS FILOSOFIS)
Authors: Abdullah Anzar
Published: April 2018

Perjalanan praktek dan refleksi pendidikan selama 60 tahunÂ Indonesia merdeka; dalam rekaman sejarah tidak mengalamiÂ kemajuan yang berarti, bahkan boleh dikatakan lemah dalam visiÂ dan misi global. Selama Indonesia merdeka, yang terjadi dalam duniaÂ pendidikan di Republik ini, hanyalah pergantian kurikulum dan ujiÂ­Â coba kurikulum, sesuai dengan kepentingan politik penguasa.Â Padahal yang seharusnya menjadi perhatian pemerintah dalam prosesÂ pendidikan, bukan terletak pada bongkar pasang kurikulum, tetapiÂ adalah: menjadikan sektor pendidikan menjadi pilar utamaÂ pembangunan nasional untuk mengejar ketertinggalan bangsa InÂ­donesia dalam mengikuti kompetisi global. Tulisan ini membahasÂ tentang bagaimana sejarah perkembangan kurikulum pendidikan diÂ Indonesia dalam prakteknya; bagaimana kurikulum pendidikanÂ menjadi bagian dari kepentingan politik birokrasi; serta bagaimanaÂ guru dan sekolah menyikapi setiap perubahan dan pergantianÂ kurikulum.
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN LIFE SKILLS BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS DI WILAYAH PESISIR
Authors: Subijanto Subijanto
Published: April 2018

Tidak semua lulusan sekolah menengah atas (SMA)Â melanjutkan pendidikannya ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. KebijakanÂ pendidikan berbasis luas (broad based education) diimplementasikanÂ dalam bentuk program life skills yang antara lain dikembangkan diÂ SMA. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar tamatan SMA yang tidak melanjutkanÂ pendidikannya memiliki bekal keterampilan dasar untuk bekalÂ kehidupan dan!atau bekerja. Program pendidikan life skills selainÂ disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan siswa juga dipertimbangkan kondisiÂ potensi daerah atau lingkungan sekolah. Salah satu potensi daerahÂ yang belum dikembangkan secara optimal antara lain pesisir yangÂ sebagian besar wilayahnya dikelilingi laut. Potensi laut IndonesiaÂ sangat kaya dengan berbagai ragam ikan dan rumput laut. 0lehÂ karenanya, bentuk life skills yang dapat dikembangkan di wilayahÂ tersebut, antara lain: (a) Teknologi Pengolahan Ikan, (b) PengolahanÂ Tradisional atau Modern, (c) Pengolahan Rumput Laut, (d) Teknologi Budidaya Rumput Laut, (e) Budidaya lkan di Kolam Air Tawar, (f)Â Budidaya ikan dengan Pola Minapadi, (g) Budidaya Jkan denganÂ Air Tawar dengan Pola Keramba, (h) Budidaya ikan Air PayauÂ (Tambak), dan (i) Pengolahan Hasil Kelautan dan Perikanan.
KONSEP INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sappaile Baso Intang
Published: April 2018

Instrumen merupakan suatu alat yang memenuhi persyaratan akademis sehingga dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat untuk mengukur suatu objek ukur atau mengumpulkan data mengenai suatu variabel. Suatu instrumen dikatakan baik bila valid dan reliabel, baik validitas isi, konstruk, validitas empirik, reliabilitas konsistensi tanggapan, maupun reliabilitas konsistensi gabungan butir. Validitas internal skor butir dikotomi dan skor butir butir politomi berturut-turut digunakan KR-20 dan koefisien Alpha. Interpretasi terhadap koefisien reliabilitas merupakan interpretasi relati dalam artian bahwa tidak ada batasan mutlak yang menunjukkan berapa angka koefisien minimal yang harus dicapai agar suatu pengukuran dapat disebut reliabel. Namun dapat memberikan informasi tentang hubungan varians skor teramati dengan varians skor sejati kelomok individu. Tujuan mengestimasi reliabilitas tidak lain adalah untuk menentukan seberapa besar variabilitas yang terjadi akibat adanya kesalahan pengukuran dan seberapa besar variabilitas skor tes sebenarnya.
IMPLEMENTASI KEPMENDIKNAS DI DAERAH
Authors: Suprastowo Philip
Published: April 2018

Tujuan studi adalah memperoleh rekomendasi kebijakanÂ dalam upaya meningkatkan implementasi Kepmendiknas No.120/U/2001 tentang Persyaratan Khusus Pengangkatan Pejabat StrukturalÂ Pengelola Pendidikan Tingkat Provinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota. Persyaratan dimaksud terdiri atas: pendidikan, pengalaman kerja,Â Diklat, dan penguasaan bahasa lnggris. Studi ini bersifat evaluatif,Â dilaksanakan di 24 kota/kabupaten. Responden studi terdiri atas:Â Sekda, Kepala Dinas Pendidikan, dan Kasubdin PendidikanÂ Kabupaten/Kota. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa dalamÂ pengangkatan pejabat struktural pengelola pendidikan, belum semuaÂ pemerintahan kota/kabupaten mengimplementasikan KepmendiknasÂ No. 120/U/2001. Pada aspek pendidikan, hampir semua pejabatÂ struktural di dinas pendidikan kotalkabupaten pada eselon II. IIIÂ dan IV telah memiliki tingkat berpendidikan sesuai persyaratan.Â Namun demikian, sebagian pejabat tidak memiliki pengalamanÂ pekerjaan/jabatan di bidang pendidikan dan pengalaman diktatÂ Berdasarkan hasil studi direkomendasikan: (1) Depdiknas perlu meyakinkan pemerintah kota/kabupaten tentang kekuatan hukumÂ Kepmendiknas, (2) dalam pengangkatan jabatan struktural pengelolaÂ pendidikan secara konsisten mengacu pada Kepmendiknas No.120/U/2001; dan (3) sosialisasi Kepmendiknas perlu dilakukan melaluiÂ cara, mekanisme, dan sasaran yang lebih baik di masa mendatang.
IMPLEMENTASI TUTORIAL TATAP MUKA RANCANGAN KHUSUS BAGI MAHASISWA PROGRAM S1 PGSD FKIP UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Authors: Said Asnah , Prayekti Prayekti
Published: April 2018

Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat bantuanÂ belajar Tutorial Tatap Muka Rancangan Khusus (TTMRK) terhadapÂ prestasi belajar mahasiswa program S1 PGSD FKJP-UT Hasil evaluasiÂ menunjukkan bahwa tugas-tugas tutorial memberikan kontribusiÂ kelulusan mata kuliah sebanyak 30 % termasuk di dalamnyaÂ partisipasi kehadiran mahasiswa dalam tutorial. Hal iniÂ mencerminkan bahwa pelaksanaan TTMRK telah berjalan denganÂ baik meskipun masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki atauÂ disempurnakan. 0leh karena itu, disarankan agar rekrutmen tutorÂ harus lebih selektif lagi, selain memiliki kemampuan akademik sesuaiÂ dengan mata kuliah yang ditutorialkan juga harus memiliki kemauanÂ dan komitmen yang tinggi untuk membantu mahasiswa dalamÂ memahami materi mata kuliah. Di samping itu tutor harus dapatÂ berperan sebagai pembimbing dan penasihat mahasiswa, tutor harusÂ siap mendengarkan keluhan mahasiswa dan memberikan alternatifÂ solusi untuk mengatasinya sehingga mahasiswa merasa memiliki temanÂ yang dapat memberikan kekuatan pada saat mengalami kesulitan.Â Dengan memberikan bantuan belajar melalui TTMRK maka prestasi belajar mahasiswa semakin meningkat sehingga kegiatan TTMRKÂ bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa khususnya dan bagi pengelola ProgramÂ S1 PGSD.Â
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EVALUASI ULANGAN HARIAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SISWA TINGKAT SMP KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Asdam Muhammad
Published: April 2018

Pengaruh pemberian evaluasi ulangan harian terhadapÂ peningkatan motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia pada tingkat SMPÂ merupakan hal yang penting dikaji. Penelitian bertujuan untukÂ mendeskripsikan pengaruh pemberian ulangan harian terhadapÂ peningkatan motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia pada siswa tingkatÂ SMP di Kabupaten Maros. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapatÂ disimpulkan bahwa pemberian evaluasi ulangan harian berpengaruhÂ positif terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia siswaÂ tingkat SMP di Kabupaten Maros. Hal ini dapat tercermin padaÂ prestasi belajar bahasa Indonesia pada siswa yang selalu diberikanÂ ulangan harian. Peningkatan prestasi yang dicapai ditopang motivasiÂ belajar yang memadai. 0leh karena itu, guru diharapkanÂ membiasakan memberikan evaluasi ulangan harian, mengoreksi secara tepat, dan mengembalikan kepada peserta didik tepat padaÂ waktunya.
TIPE PENILAIAN DAN PROSES PEMBAKUAN PEDOMAN PENILAIAN KOMPETENSI KETERAMPILAN MUSIK
Authors: Arini Sri Hermawati Dwi
Published: April 2018

Tulisan ini ditujukan kepada para pendidik seni mulaiÂ menggunakan pedoman penilaian yang mengacu pada kaidah ilmuÂ pengetahuan untuk mengeliminir faktor subyektivitas dan karakterÂ seni, khususnya musik membutuhkan tipe-tipe penilaian yang sesuai. Oleh karena itu, penskoran, penilaian dan pelaporan hasil tes harusÂ dilakukan dengan prosedur yang benar. Berdasarkan need assessÂ­ment perlu dibenahi implementasi oleh para pendidik.
BAHASA ETNIK PENDATANG DI RANAH PENDIDIKAN KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK MASYARAKAT MADURA DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Saddhono Kundharu
Published: April 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan kajian deskriptif kualitatifmengenai pemakaian bahasa etnik Madura di Surakarta pada ranah pendidikan. Data berupa wacana /isan dan dikumpulkan denganteknik simak libat cakap (observasi partisipasi), teknik rekam, teknikcatat, dan teknik wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview). Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistik yang memperhitungkankonteks sosial berupa komponen tutut; yaitu penutur; mitra tutur situasitutur, tujuan tuturan, dan ha/ yang dituturkan. Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia mendominasipada ranah pendidikan walaupun bahasa Madura dan bahasa Jawa digunakan. Fungsi bahasa Madura: kekeluargaan, keakraban,ungkapan perasaan, identitas etnik, kerahasiaan dan pemertahananbudaya; bahasa Jawa: kebiasaan, adaptasi dan keakraban; bahasa Indonesia: situasi formal, komunikasi antaretnik, sekadar bergengsi,pendidikan, dan pertemuan awal; bahasa campur: situasi nonformal,penegasan pesan, dan konsep baru. Kekhasan pemakaian bahasa meliputi kata sapaan, pemakaian partikel, bentuk peru/angan ataureduplikasi, bentuk kata, variasi bahasa, dan dialek Bangkalan.
STUDI PEMETAAN KEMAMPUAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (TI) DI PENDIDIKAN DASAR DAN MENENGAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Jakaria Yaya
Published: April 2018

Studi ini bertujuan untuk (a) memperoleh informasi tentangÂ peta kemampuan sekolah dalam memanfaatkan Tl, dan (b)Â pengelolaan pendidikan dan pembelajaran agar mencapai hasilÂ belajar yang lebih bermutu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei danÂ deskriptif research. Teknik sampling menggunakan Multistage ClusÂ­ter Random Sampling, dari 27 provinsi sampel dan masing-masingÂ provinsi dipilih 1 kabupaten dan 1 kota. Target populasi dalamÂ penelitian ini adalah seluruh SD, SMP. SMA. SMK negeri maupunÂ swasta. Sampel terpilih sebanyak 93 SD, 105 SMP. 107 SMA, dan 56Â SMK. Sumber data meliputi 54 orang Kepala Dinas Kabupaten/Kota,Â 361 orang Kepala Sekolah, 720 orang Guru, dan 361 orang siswa.Â Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: (1). Ketersediaan fasilitas internet,Â LAN, program multimedia, dan Homepage di sekolah tidak mencapaiÂ separuh dari sekolah sampel; (2) Guru yang menguasai programÂ komputer di sekolah masih sangat rendah, guru yang usianya relatifÂ muda pada umumnya menguasai komputer; (3) Sebagian besar sekolahÂ sudah melakukan kebijakan penggunaan TI dalam mendukungÂ berbagai aktivitas di sekolah.
Outpatient methotrexate treatment strategies for unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy
Authors: BAŞBUĞ Alper , ELLİBEŞ KAYA Aşkı , ÇAĞLAR Mete , YAVUZCAN Ali
Published: April 2018

Aim: To evaluate the selection
criteria for outpatient treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy.Methods: A total of 124
unruptured ectopic pregnancies that had been treated with single-dose
intramuscular methotrexate injections during the period from 2012 to 2017 at Duzce
UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital were evaluated.Results: Success rate of the
medical treatment with single dose methotraxate was 76.61% (n = 95) of 124
patient. The mean duration of hospital stay was shorter in successful medical
treatment group (p=0.030). Combining β-hCG level at the first day of methotrexate
treatment with size of ectopic focus and/or the presence of fluid in the
abdomen significantly increased the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictivity
for successfully treated with methotrexate (sensitivity = 70.3%, specificity
=86.3%, positive predictive value =80%).

Conclusions: We can choose
patients that will be good responder to methotrexate treatment of ectopic
pregnancy without hospitalization by initial serum β-hCG values, size of
ectopic focus and the presence of fluid in the abdomen.
The role of COX-2 gene variants on the disease mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease in a Turkish population
Authors: İPLİK Elif Sinem , KAHRAMAN Resul , ERTUĞRUL Barış , CANDAN Gonca , ERGEN Arzu , ÇAKMAKOĞLU Bedia
Published: April 2018

Aim: Inflammatory
bowel disease has two major types: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that
occur in the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. COX-2 has important
role on carcinogenesis process including colon cancer supporting the tumor
growth. COX-2 was also known due to its ability to change homeostasis on
colonic mucosa in inflammatory cells on patients who have inflammatory bowel
disease.  In this study, we have aimed to
find a linkage between inflammatory bowel disease and COX-2 in a Turkish population.
Methods:A total of 106 patients,42 with Crohn’s disease
and 64 with ulcerative
colitis and 121 healthy control subjects were
included the study. Gene
variants of COX-2-765G→C and COX-2-1195A→G were analyzed
by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism
techniques.Results: The
results demonstrated that COX-2-1195A→G gene variants AA carriers were
statistically found in high level on patients with both ulcerative colitis
(p=0,001) and Crohn’s disease (p=0.008). In contrast, AG genotype and G carriers
were statistically found higher in control group (Crohn’s disease, p=0.005
for AG and p= 0.008 for G; ulcerative colitis, p=0.001 for AG and p=0.001 for
G).

Conclusion: In this research, we have
observed important and questionable results between inflammatory bowel disease and COX-2, especially COX-2-1195A→G gene variants AA carriers in a Turkish population.
Researches need to focus on their local roles on inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis with large sample size.
Predicting the Final result of Student National Test with Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Mala Sari Rochman Eka , Rachmad Aeri , Damayanti Fitri
Published: April 2018

The level of student achievement is a benchmark of the quality assessment of a school. This student's assessment is based on the national final exam scores every year. When the national exam score increases, it will affect the number of students who will enroll in a school. It affects the number of classes to be opened in the registration of new student candidates. This study aims to predict student achievement based on the value of subjects that become the focus on the final national examination. One method of forecasting in the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The working principle in this method is basically the same as ANN method in general. Namely, there are input layer, hidden layer and output layer. By randomly assigning the input parameters, the ELM generates good generalization performance. By using 20-20-1 network architecture, this research has a result in a small RMSE value of 0.314.
A World without Nuclear Power
Authors: Emilia Ranny
Published: April 2018

Many people believe a distinct feature of markets is the self-assurance. International system, if not the major, particularly accept this pattern. Communication action obviously plays important role in shaping this pattern. For political leaders who primarily concern with economic growth, the operations in market are used as information to the expanding capital and secure civil industry across national boundaries. Nuclear materials and nuclear weapons are also used to the protection as well as to ensure economies continue growing. The Asian youth leaders can set their own agendas to create substantial change in this area. The process is currently moving. Religious nationalism of the youth is part of this process. However a meaningful change can lose itself unless a significant numbers of the youth give priority to human and humanity objectives. With human intelligence as the major tool the youth can make a difference to the world.  To ensure this the primary units should have capabilities to instinctively understand greatest resources for human wisdom based on multiculturalism and inclusiveness. It can begin from creating security culture among the youth based on its potential historically and locally then share the values to communities in their environment.
The Securitization of Environmental Issues in Southeast Asia
Authors: Apriwan Apriwan
Published: April 2018

This paper examines how the environmental issues have been securitized in Southeast Asia. It takes three main issues which are atmosphere pollution and deforestation, water resources, and energy resources. The issues could be a potential conflict that will impact to the regional instability. In order to examine the securitization, it uses constructivism approach and securitization concept. This approach and the concept explain about  the response and the action of the states, individual or collective related to that issues. The environmental issues have been emerging conflict among the states which got the impact. For the atmospher pollution and deforestation, Malaysia and Singapore got a tension with Indonesia as the source of problems. On the case of water crisis occured between Malaysia and Singapore in using water resource from Johor, the same cases also happened among the riparian states with China in using the Mekong River Basin. The complicated conflicts about using energy resources have been happening in South China Sea, Thailand’s Gulf and the Ambalat. On the other hand, the state’s response also could make a cooperation among them, which are billateral, multillateral and regional. Thus, securitization of the environmental issues can be seen on how the states give a perception to the issues within an interaction of social structure. Moreover, the states are seen as social actors which interacted within the context of sharing of knowledge, understanding of material resources and the practice of interaction among the states its self.
Crafting the Alternative of Finance Hegemony: Returning Gold Dinar Exchange Economy
Authors: Irawan Poppy
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to examine the contemporary issues of global political economy on the predominance of finance capital as the pivotal role in moulding the current global political economy architecture; its impact particularly to the developing states; and this paper also attempt to propose the alternative through the returning of gold monetary system based on the idea of gold dinar exchange economy.
Konektivitas ASEAN : Sebagai Sebuah Pergeseran Paradigma Dalam Proses Integrasi ASEAN
Authors: Moenir Haiyyu Darman
Published: April 2018

Establishment of ASEAN in the period 1967 to 2010, ASEAN as a regional organization undergone many changes, both in terms of the dynamics of the issues faced up to the stage of organizational structure. Globalization of trade liberalization resulting in movement of goods and services become limited. This encourages the re-realization of the ASEAN countries in order to restructure and integrate their economies in order to maintain their competitiveness, which in turn make ASEAN a more in-depth integration by establishing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. Economic integration is expected to be used as a means to revitalize the economy of ASEAN. With the implementation of economic integration, it is hoped will be a driver of growth is faster than all the countries in ASEAN. Therefore, the connectivity becomes very important for ASEAN countries as one of the conditions necessary for ASEAN integration process that evolved into the ASEAN Community, and also ensure the centrality of ASEAN as a regional architecture that evolves dynamically. Connectivity plan for the year 2015 according to the plan will involve the physical connectivity, institutional connectivity, and connectivity of the individual.
Gerakan Silicon Valley Indian Professionals Association (SIPA) Dalam Membantu India Mengubah Brain Drain Menjadi Brain Circulation
Authors: Isnarti Rika
Published: April 2018

India has a lot of skilled IT workers and most of them migrate to US. In migration studies, this situation is called brain drain. Migration of skilled workers from developing countries to developed countries. This research tries to analyze the movement of an Indian IT diaspora network in U.S, the Silicon Valley Indian Professionals Association (SIPA),which is trying to help India to reduce the impact of brain drain and to create brain circulation.This research is a library research and uses neogramscian framework.This research concluded that brain drain is one of commodification on skilled term. Today, commodification is not only for raw materials, but also skills. This situation faces by skilled labour when they migrate to developed countries and used to support the privillege of developed country. SIPA as Indian diaspora success to create brain circulation for India. SIPA seeks to transform the workers to work in India from early worked in the US, by increasing workers' technical knowledge, entrepreneurship, and understanding migrant contribution for home country or to India. Besides, SIPA also seeks to cooperate with Indian government created a comparative advantage for the IT industry in India.
Budaya Populer Jepang Sebagai Instrumen Diplomasi Jepang dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komunitas-Komunitas di Indonesia
Authors: Amalina Aulia
Published: April 2018

Everystates in the world needs others to achieve its national interest and to get what its want is needed a power. One of kinds of power is called soft power that is using soft and unforce stuffs. One of kinds of this stuff is populer culture. Popular culture is used as one of the important diplomcy’s instrument by a state to achieve its interest. Japan as one of the states which is using its populer culture as diplomacy’s intrument. Japan uses its popularity to attract the world especially the young people. Its popularity also occurs in Indonesia, which is Indonesian young people are accepting, liking, and using this culture. This research uses concepts soft power and popular culture diplomacy. This research also use methodology qualitative research which is using Focus Group Discussion, indepht interview, and other resources to collect some datas. There are some conclusion of this research. First, the soft power is really exist in Japan’s popular culture diplomacy that makes tendency to consume japan’s products by young people in Indonesia. Then, it also impact to Japan’s image and position in politics and education by young people in Indonesia.
Ketahanan Energi Rusia dan Kerentanan Pasar Asia-Pasifik
Authors: Alfadh M Faris
Published: April 2018

This paper attempts to explain Russia’s energy security untill the next decade, and its impact on energy security of the Asia-Pacific region. As the world’s largest natural gas reserves and the second largest producer of crude oil, Russia is very important to the world energy markets. But for Russia, energy is not merely as a driving factor for its economic growth, but also as a political forse in its international relations. Russia’s ambitions are to become the world’s largest energy producer and the most influential to the world energy market. In this case, the Asia-Pacific region becomes important given the huge market potential. However, Russia’s energy security policy does not have entirely a positive impact on the stability of energy supply in the Asia-Pacific region. The market vulnerability and unfair competition among countries in the Asia-Pacific region will increase along with the Russia’s energy security policy.
Mengapa tidak berperang? Norma Politik Luar Negeri Cina dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan
Authors: Rosyidin Mohamad
Published: April 2018

South China Sea conflict is one of the most destabilizing factors in Southeast Asia. Despite it has occured for long time period, there has not been major wars among occupants. This puzzle challenges realist particularly ofense-defense theory stating that when perception of victory is greater than defeat, it will lead to war. China’s military capability is far greater than any contry in the region. Yet, China does not intent to attack others. Assumption that China is an offensive and hegemonic nation is not in accordance with reality. Material-based explanation cannot account for China’s foreign policy. This article seeks to explain why South China Sea conflict does not lead to war between occupants. Using constructivism in international relations, this article argues that China’s domestic norms of national security plays great role which constitute its foreign policy character. Norms of cooperative security or hezuo anquan which is rooted from Confucian culture emphasize on harmony and cooperation that generate self-restraint diplomacy. As a result, China would not employ its military power to solve South China Sea conflict. This article concludes that norms held by country constitute its interest and in turn guide state’s policy.
Religious Terrorism
Authors: Kavosh Reza
Published: April 2018

This article explores religious terrorism, a concept that has received a lot of attention from academics and the international community. It briefly looks at the definitions of terrorism and religious terrorism, in order to give clarity to the rest of the article. The article presents two sides of a debate. One side is that religious terrorism is in fact a unique and separate phenomenon. The other side is that “religious terrorism” is not fundamentally different from terrorism, and rather is a misrepresentative term made up by academics in the West in order to further their political agenda... The authors argue that even if some people to justify violent acts use religion, nevertheless the basic tenets of most religions are peace and tolerance. Religion has the potential to prevent, mediate, and resolve conflict, as well as heal and reconcile after violence has occurred. In order to counter terrorism, religious leaders need to work tirelessly around the world to uphold the peaceful aspects of religion.
Efektivitas Official Development Assistance Jepang terhadap Negara Resipien
Authors: Anabarja Sarah
Published: April 2018

Japan has been well-known due to its advanced technology innovation particularly in the field of industrial technology. Some Japanese manufactures that based on technological development have become the main supplier of high-technology goods in many countries in the world most importantly in Asia. Since 1970s, Japan government has implemented its foreign assistance called Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries including Indonesia. Japan has assisted the developing countries through its export-credit program. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of ODA and its implementation. In the first part of this paper, it will elaborate the history and structure of Japan’s ODA. In the next part, it will also explain the successful achievement of this program. Besides, it will also examine whether or not the implementation of this assistance has effectively reached its target and goals. The understanding of essential component of development strategy to increase the ODA’s effectiveness is related with the usage of that assistance in the recipient country. This perception is in line with Kevin Morrison (2000) saying the four elements of foreign assistance’s effectiveness particularly the technical assistance of Japan.
K-pop and J-pop Influences to University Students in Malang, East Java – Indonesia : A Comparative Public Diplomacy Studies
Authors: Effendi Tonny Dian
Published: April 2018

This paper discussing the comparison of Korean Pop Culture and Japan Pop Culture to the youth in Malang.One of the important of this research is about public diplomacy using pop culture which creating many fans and lovers. The main purpose of the research is to show how the globalization in culture has influencing the youth in developing country like Indonesia. Malang is one of the city that have many K-Pop lovers and J-Pop lovers. This research is qualitative and using depth interview to get information from the participant as the member of the pop lovers. The result shows that both Korea and Japan's government have role on their public diplomacy by using this pop culture. They are often held the events like competition on music, dance and another shape of pop culture. J-pop has more focus on the animation (anime), cartoon (manga) and costume-player (cosplay). Whereas K-pop has more focus on the drama movie and music. From observation to the pop lovers, the J-pop lovers is more creative because they have a challenge, especially for cosplay to create their own costume to the competition. But for K-pop, they are more focused to learn and imitate the dance style of the Korean artist. But, both of them have significant influence to the options for the university students in Department of International Relations, University of Muhammadiyah Malang to choose Japanese and Koreans as their subject as the third language after Bahasa Indonesia and English.
The Secrecy and Publicity of Diplomacy: Questions to the Theory of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Elvianti Witri
Published: April 2018

Just a few weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11th, and soon after US troops started to attack Afghanistan, George Bush expressed his disappointment toward the way the Muslim world perceives the American way of life and culture. Assuming that the 9/11 terrorist attack was a symbol of struggle against America’s hegemony Bush blamed the failure of US public diplomacy to promote to the Muslim world the image of a friendly and democratic nation state. It sent a message that both promoting positive image and controlling the message are a highly complex task. The complexity of public diplomacy consequently raises such a theoretical dispute. From a traditional perspective, scholars have questioned the suitability of public diplomacy to promote a states’ soft power, and have cited US public diplomacy as an example of failure. The revisionists, on the other hand, seek to maintain and even improve the practice of public diplomacy by arguing that it is more that it is more pertinent to comprehend the strategy rather than to perpetuate the blame.  The dispute on public diplomacy is threefold: first, whether public diplomacy is defined as any diplomatic activities of or by the public; second, whether diplomacy should really be addressed to the public; and third, if the public is always diplomatic. This essay will argue that while the traditionalist criticisms could be valid, particularly in the context of the US experience, these arguments do not reduce the value of public diplomacy. Such diplomacy requires a two-way relationship and integrated approach.
Buruh Migran Indonesia Dalam Diplomasi Multi-jalur
Authors: Sinulingga Anita Afriani , Emilia Ranny
Published: April 2018

In interacting with other nations within the international level, Indonesia’s traditional diplomacy is conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Here, it plays a role as the representative of the government. However, in today’s advanced era, diplomacy is an instrument that should involve every component of the society, including the migrant workers”. The current problematic is that there are hundreds to millions of Indonesian migrant workers residing in other countries but Indonesia has failed to actualize these workers as power for its foreign policy.  Every year, hundred of thousands of Indonesians migrate to other countries to work. These workers reside in various countries all over the world, including in ASEAN countries. Malaysia has the second largest number of Indonesian migrant workers after Saudi Arabia. Until today, these Indonesian migrants are merely considered as labor force. They are not valued as structural importance who has bargaining power in diplomatic practice.  The purpose of this writing is to operationalize the concept of multi track diplomacy in an attempt to enforce the role of migrant workers as a non-diplomatic group to further strengthen Indonesia’s diplomatic posture. As an agent of the third-track diplomacy, this writing will further describe the role of migrant workers as the foundation of diplomatic strength.
Managing Indonesian Diaspora: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wibowo Agung Setiyo
Published: April 2018

Penelitian tentang diaspora Indonesia dapat dikatakan masih minim.  Tonggak sejarah yang menandai menguatnya kesadaran bangsa dan negara Indonesia dalam memandang diaspora ditunjukkan dengan terselenggaranya Congress of Indonesian Diaspora (CID) pada Juli 2012 di Los Angeles Amerika Serikat.  Artikel ini berusaha menelaah lebih mendalam tentang konsep diaspora Indonesia berikut kebijakan pengelolaannya untuk kepentingan ekonomi, politik, sosial dan budaya Indonesia dengan  cerminan kebijakan Cina dan India yang telah berhasil melaksanakannya. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa CID adalah pintu gerbang sekaligus momentum yang dapat digunakan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat Indonesia yang berserakan di berbagai belahan dunia.
Signifikansi Diplomasi Islam Moderat Era Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Dalam Merespon Problem Keamanan Timur Tengah
Authors: Falahi Ziyad
Published: April 2018

This article tries to describe the significance of moderate Islam which is becoming a symbol of Indonesian diplomacy during the period of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s administration. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s administration showed optimistic attitude that moderate Islam is the Indonesian strategy to position itself amid the opposition discourse between the West and Islam. But it is interesting to see that the implementation of moderate Islam is actually not on its substance. This can be seen in the case of Israeli-Palestinian conflicts which show the ambivalence of Indonesian position. The inconsistent implementation of moderate Islam can also be seen in the Indonesian position towards Iran's nuclear case. SBY’s administration finally had to change its policies from supporting the UN resolution against Iran then abstained in the next resolution. Thus, the moderate Islam that is only applied in the context of imaging instead became a burden for Indonesia's diplomacy.
Citra dan Kriminalisasi Terhadap Kaum Perempuan di Bosnia, Herzegovina, dan Negara-Negara Tetangga Pada Periode 1992- 1995
Authors: Nizmi Yusnarida Eka
Published: April 2018

Ditinjau dari aspek sejarah, perempuan telah lama menjadi topik pembicaraan dalam kompetisi gender dan rasis, korban sekaligus objektifikasi yang eksotik. Sering dianggap sebagai “penjaga warisan,” perempuan sekaligus menjadi simbol tidak adanya perubahan dalam budaya itu sendiri- statis dan tidak berkembang, serta tidak terbuka pada perubahan. Patologi yang salah mengenai perempuan semakin melekatkan perempuan jauh dari “rasa aman”. Cap korban dilekatkan pada perempuan yang identik dengan cerita-cerita pemaksaan dan pemerkosaan yang menjadi simbol penekanan dan frustrasi kaum perempuan. Sejarah Bosnia-Herzegovina adalah satu satu bahasan dalam kajian politik gender. Hak-hak kaum perempuan terus menerus dipolitisasi, dalam konflik yang berkepanjangan. Upaya pencitraan terhadap perempuan telah dibuat dalam beberapa tahapan kritikal . Masing-masing periode membawa persepsi sesuai dengan pemikiran-pemikiran yang ada pada saat itu. Dan setiap periode pelabelan citra ini, khususnya yang terkait dengan hak-hak kaum perempuan, kerap menemui resistansi dari pihak-pihak tertentu. Citra perempuan, khususnya selama periode perang 1992-1995 di Bosnia, Herzegovina, dan negara-negara tetangga, merefleksikan politik etnonasional dan kepentingan ideologi pada masa itu yang berujung pada hilangnya rasa aman bagi kaum perempuannya.
“Efektivitas Mekanisme REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) sebagai Kebijakan yang Dihasilkan oleh Rezim Perubahan Iklim UNFCCC
Authors: Rizqie Debby
Published: April 2018

The discussion of climate change has entered the international political stage since the 1980s, and as an international response, UNFCCC was founded as a forum to handle this issue. UNFCCC has produced the Kyoto Protocol – an agreement which obligates nations to halt the rapid effect of global warming. Through the course of its life, the Protocol has been regarded as incompetent in achieving the goals uttered in the convention. Further discussion was needed, and the later forums finally decide to improve the protocol by establishing REDD, a proposal which focuses specifically on green house gas emissions from forestry. To this present moment, REDD has remained a non-binding and unofficial agreement, but REDD has been applied in many states, therefore its effectivity remains a question worth asking. By using a mixed method approach, and studying documents to achieve adequate amount of data, this research attempts to answer the questions regarding the effectivity of the REDD mechanism. The international regime theory approach will be used, which focuses on the theory of regime effectiveness, implementation concept and compliance. This research concludes that REDD falls under the category "mixed-performance regimes" which is indicated by the complexity of the problem encountered, obvious from the appearance of conflicts of interest in the forum, which results to agreements which are very often rather normative. On the other hand, the problem-solving capability in the regimes is competent, indicated by the presence of a scientific body which provides current information about the issue and another body which is responsible for watching the progress of policy-implementation, and the availability of the funding. The combination of these two aspects have resulted in a regime which progresses rather slowly.
The performance of Free Aceh Movement (GAM) as a Ruling Government 2007-2012
Authors: Trisni Sofia
Published: April 2018

Aceh is part of Indonesia’s archipelago which well known for its rich natural resources.  These rich natural resources then lead into Acehnese dissatisfactory of the sharing proportion between Aceh and Jakarta which in turn lead into Aceh and Central government long conflict. After a long period of struggle, Acehnese finally manage to get their demand: having a special autonomy which entitles Aceh more freedom and share of natural resources. This article examines the performance of GAM as a ruling government in Aceh since 2007-12
Solving the South China Sea Crisis: A Recommendation for Indonesia
Authors: Sandy Kevin Ramadhan
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to recommend to Indonesia to maintain its national interest of a unified ASEAN on the South China Sea disputes with four policy recommendations. The failure of the 2012 ASEAN Ministerial Meeting was observed as many analysts as the start of a crack in ASEAN as a regional group. With Cambodia’s acting as China’s proxy in the meeting, ASEAN failed to address the issue and to put it in the Joint Communique, although Vietnam and Philippines have insisted the chair to do so. This event led to the rise of suspicions from ASEAN claimant states towards Cambodia and China’s intention. Furthermore, this becomes a proof that ASEAN could no longer be independent as a regional group as China has increased its economic leverage on Cambodia. At the same time, Philippines and Vietnam have increased their bilateral ties with the United States, hoping to increase their leverage and capability vis-à-vis China. Thus, ASEAN is in an unstable state with high possibility of it to be divided into two blocs with the South China Sea still unresolved. One of Indonesia’s main foreign policy interests is a unified, centralized and independent ASEAN as a regional bloc. President Yudhoyono and Foreign Minister Natalegawa reflected this by underscoring the importance of ASEAN and the need to resolve the dispute as soon as possible before further tension occurred. In this case, Indonesia should try to act as the mediator to solve this issue as a neutral player.