bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Lensing Model of SPT-CL J0356–5337, a Major Merger Candidate at Redshift 1.0359
Authors: Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Gladders Michael D. , Bleem Lindsey , Bayliss Matthew B. , Calzadilla Michael S. , Floyd Benjamin , Khullar Gourav , McDonald Michael , Remolina González Juan D. , Schrabback Tim , Stark Antony A. , van den Busch Jan Luca
Published: May 2020

We present an analysis of the mass distribution inferred from strong lensing by SPT-CL J0356−5337, a cluster of galaxies at redshift

revealed in the follow-up of the SPT-SZ clusters. The cluster has an Einstein radius of

14″ for a source at z = 3 and a mass within 500 kpc of

. Our spectroscopic identification of three multiply imaged systems (

,

, and

), combined with HSTF606W-band imaging allows us to build a strong lensing model for this cluster with an rms of

. Our modeling reveals a two-component mass distribution in the cluster. One mass component is dominated by the brightest cluster Galaxy and the other component, separated by ∼170 kpc, contains a group of eight red elliptical galaxies confined in a ∼9″ (∼70 kpc) diameter circle. We estimate the mass ratio between the two components to be between 1:1.25 and 1:1.58. In addition, spectroscopic data reveal that these two near-equal mass cores have only a small velocity difference of ∼300 km s−1 between the two components. This small radial velocity difference suggests that most of the relative velocity takes place in the plane of the sky, and implies that SPT-CL J0356−5337 is a major merger with a small impact parameter seen face-on. We also assess the relative contributions of Galaxy-scale halos to the overall mass of the core of the cluster and find that within 800 kpc from the brightest cluster Galaxy about 27% of the total mass can be attributed to visible and dark matter associated with galaxies, whereas only 73% of the total mass in the core comes from cluster-scale dark matter halos.
Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone
Authors: Joyce Elizabeth , Thiele Kevin , Slik Ferry , Crayn Darren
Published: May 2020

Background

The Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone, defined here as the area comprising Australia, New Guinea, and Southeast Asia (Indonesia to Myanmar), straddles the Sunda and Sahul continental shelves and is one of the most biogeographically famous and important regions in the world. Floristically, it is thought to harbour a large amount of the world’s diversity. Despite the importance of the area, a checklist of the flora has never before been published. Here we present the first working checklist of vascular plants for the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone. The list was compiled from 24 flora volumes, online databases and unpublished plot data. Taxonomic nomenclature was updated, and each species was coded into nested biogeographic regions. The list includes 60,415 species in 5,135 genera and 363 families of vascular plants.

New information

This is the first species-level checklist of the region and presents an updated census of the region’s floristic biodiversity. The checklist confirms that species richness of the SSCZ is comparable to that of the Neotropics, and highlights areas in need of further documentation and taxonomic work. This checklist provides a novel dataset for studying floristic ecology and evolution in this biogeographically important region of very high global biodiversity.
Demographic and social issues of the pandemic
Authors: Kalabikhina Irina E.
Published: May 2020

The article begins with a small paragraph on why it is necessary to carefully assess operational data on morbidity and mortality from coronavirus. Further, the author discusses the complex of possible geo-spatial, demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural and political factors of unequal impact of morbidity and overmortality from COVID-19 on various social groups and territories; hypothesize about the demographic and gender consequences of the pandemic and its accompanying economic recession in the short-term and long-term period. The author comes to the conclusion that the pandemic will have minor demographic consequences or won’t have any. And despite a number of negative effects, the pandemic offers a window of opportunity for the development of gender equality.
Epinephelus tankahkeei, a new species of grouper (Teleostei, Perciformes, Epinephelidae) from the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Haohao , Qu Meng , Lin Hungdu , Tang Wei , Ding Shaoxiong
Published: May 2020

A new species of grouper, Epinephelus tankahkeeisp. nov. is described from the South China Sea based on examination of morphological and molecular characteristics. This new species has been treated as, and is similar to, its congener E. chlorostigma. Epinephelus tankahkeeisp. nov. can be distinguished from E. chlorostigma by the following combination of characters: a convex anal fin; closer dark spots on the body; a lack of dark spots on the abdomen, cheek, and pectoral fin; the absence of a clear posterior white margin on the caudal fin. Molecular analyses of the mitochondrial COI sequence variation, genetic distances, and a phylogeny, all highly support E. tankahkeeisp. nov. as a distinct species. A key to E. tankahkeeisp. nov. and its most closely related species is provided.
A new stump-toed frog from the transitional forests of NW Madagascar (Anura, Microhylidae, Cophylinae, Stumpffia)
Authors: Crottini Angelica , Rosa Gonçalo M. , Penny Samuel G. , Cocca Walter , Holderied Marc W. , Rakotozafy Lovasoa M. S. , Andreone Franco
Published: May 2020

A new species of the miniaturised microhylid frog genusStumpffia, from north-western Madagascar, is described.Stumpffia froschauerisp. nov.differs from all other describedStumpffiaspecies in colouration and morphology and is genetically divergent (≥ 7% uncorrected p-distance to all other nominal species of the genus) in a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and in a segment of the nuclear Rag-1 gene. The new species is reliably known only from a few specimens collected in the Sahamalaza (and surroundings) region. Its known distribution is limited to three forest patches severely threatened by fire, drought and high levels of forest clearance, thus suggesting a classification of “Critically Endangered” according to IUCN Red List criteria.
A new species of buffalo leech in the genus Hirudinaria Whitman, 1886 (Arhynchobdellida, Hirudinidae) from Thailand
Authors: Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Jiranuntskul Putita , Nakano Takafumi , Sutcharit Chirasak , Panha Somsak
Published: May 2020

Hirudinaria manillensis (Lesson, 1842), commonly known as the buffalo leech, shows a polymorphism of two ventral colorations. The green color morph has a plain green ventral surface and the red color morph has a brick-red ventral surface with two black submarginal stripes. Based on molecular and morphological evidence in the present study, these two color morphs were revealed as two different species. The red color morph fits well with the description of H. manillensis, while the green color morph showed some distinctions, and therefore is described herein as Hirudinaria thailandica Jeratthitikul & Panha, sp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the dark greenish or dark olive ventral surface and a round atrium with ventral insertion of ejaculatory ducts in the male reproductive organ. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated data of COI and 28S genes supported the new species and further indicated it as a sister species to H. bpling Phillips, 2012.
A conceptual model of medical tourism service supply chain
Authors: Karadayi-Usta Saliha , SerdarAsan Seyda
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Medical tourism service requires involvement of multiple parties from the service network, however medical tourism is not well studied from a supply chain management perspective. This study suggests a conceptual model of medical tourism service supply chain (MTSSC) to provide a clearer understanding of its nature, and defines its business processes.Design/methodology/approach: Triangulation which makes use of literature review, in-depth interviews, and expert evaluations was applied to develop and validate the suggested model. The proposed model is initialized based on the relevant literature. In-depth interviews were used to refine and finalize the model. Expert evaluations ensure the trustworthiness of the model and the business process definitions.Findings: The proposed model uses a nested process structure rather than a one-dimensional supply chain model, where the assistance company maintains an intermediary role between the patient and all the service providers (e.g. medical institutions, transportation, accommodation). Additionally, the conceptual model identifies seven business processes: service design, service recovery management, customer relationship management, supplier relationship management, demand management, capacity and resource management, and service delivery management.Practical implications: The results provide a better understanding of the MTSSC structure and processes, and a recognition of the MTSSC members. The process definitions give the members an idea about their roles in the service design and delivery in practice. Additionally, a better understanding of the system as a whole leads to better process development and control. MTSSC members may shape their organizations internally and supply chain-wide by considering this conceptual model. Moreover, the model acts as a basis for supply chain collaboration decisions.Originality/value: The conceptual model is built upon the theories and practice of medical tourism services, supply chain management, and service operations management. This study contributes to the theory of medical tourism services management by explaining the MTSSC concepts and business processes, and extends existing knowledge.
Aerosol Application of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive
Authors: Quillen David A , Rosenwasser George O D
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cyanoacrylate adhesive has been used to treat corneal perforations and stromal melting disorders. We examined the efficacy of aerosolization as a means of applying cyanoacrylate to the cornea.

METHODS: Central corneal perforations were created with a 1-millimeter trephine in cadaver eyes. A small amount of N-butyl cyanoacrylate was delivered to the perforation site via aerosol. Experiments were also conducted with cadaver eyes which had received lamellar keratectomies to simulate corneal thinning disorders.

RESULTS: Adequate seal of the 1-millimeter perforation was achieved following aerosol application of cyanoacrylate adhesive. In experiments conducted with eyes which had been perforated and those which received lamellar keratectomies, smooth anterior surface contours were achieved using the aerosol technique.

CONCLUSIONS: Aerosolization may be an effective method of applying cyanoacrylate adhesive. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:149-150.]
Turismo, un objeto de estudio para la antropología social
Authors: Santana-Talavera Agustín
Published: May 2020

En los márgenes están las oportunidades de innovación y crecimiento para la antropología social. Y el turismo fue, hace ya cuarenta años, una de esas apariciones intersticiales a los que antropólogos y antropólogas se enfrentaron en sus investigacio­nes de campo. Contribuyendo posteriormente a su constitución epistemológica, hoy se encuentra reconocido como objeto de estudio, dinámico, transversal y continuamente sugerente. Este proceso ha llevado a la implicación de la antropología en la trans­ferencia de sus aportaciones al ámbito institucional y empresarial, además del social. El encuentro turístico, la imagen y el patri­monio cultural, son tres de los subcampos que manifiestan un importante potencial de desarrollo laboral a corto plazo. La adap­tación y renovación metodológica para comprender el sistema turístico abre el futuro a la construcción de escenarios y, con ello, a la actuación predictiva sobre situaciones socioeconómicas y socioculturales.
La antropología del turismo se hace mayor: ¿Más que un matrimonio de conveniencia?
Authors: Salazar Noel B.
Published: May 2020

Si bien la antropología y el turismo no siempre han tenido una relación feliz, la antropología del turismo ha alcanzado la mayoría de edad, y esto en diferentes tradiciones académicas. Desde hace medio siglo, este subcampo de la antropología des­empeñó un papel importante en el establecimiento de los estudios de turismo. Aquí trazo esta historia, analizando el influyente papel en los volúmenes editados de Hosts and Guests para dar forma a la relación entre la antropología y el turismo. Me acerco a cómo algunas ideas novedosas no fueron recogidas, mientras que otras empezaron a llevar sus propias vidas. Este ejercicio nos ayuda a comprender mejor la posición actual de la antropología del turismo dentro de los estudios de antropología y turismo, así como a identificar las direcciones futuras. Esto incluye el reconocimiento de que no hay un solo canon, sino múltiples antropologías del turismo. La antropología como disciplina tiene importantes contribuciones que hacer al estudio del turismo. Ofrece un enfoque holístico para el análisis crítico del turismo a través de su marco comparativo y la capacidad de unir varias escalas, reconociendo la interconexión intercultural de los ámbitos económico, ambiental y social. La pregunta que pide una respuesta es cómo los an­tropólogos deben tratar la implicación de la disciplina en el turismo contemporáneo alrededor del globo.
Sacando los colores al paisaje: la cromotoponimia de las islas Baleares
Authors: Ordinas Garau Antoni , Binimelis Sebastián Jaume
Published: May 2020

La toponimia describe el paisaje, actual e histórico, a través de la percepción de sus habitantes. Mediante los principios de transparencia y significatividad territorial, los nombres de lugar reflejan las características geográficas, entre las que destaca el color como un rasgo muy visible y llamativo del terreno. El análisis de la cromotoponimia permite obtener una visión cromática del paisaje balear con resultados significativos a partir de la aplicación de la teoría de Berlin y Kay sobre el orden de las etapas evolutivas de las culturas en relación a los términos básicos del color.
On the Influence of Fractional Derivative on Chaos Control of a New Fractional-Order Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Matouk Ahmed Ezzat Mohamed
Published: May 2020

The non-local fractional differential operators have potential applications in many fields of science and technology but especially in the field of dynamical systems. This chapter introduces a new hyperchaotic dynamical system involving non-local fractional differential operator with singular kernel (the Caputo type). The system involves three quadratic nonlinearities and also three equilibrium points. Existence of chaotic and hyperchaotic attractors has been illustrated. Based on Matouk's stability theory of four-dimensional fractional-order systems, the influence of the fractional differential operator on stabilizing the proposed system to its three steady states has been shown. Numerical results have been provided to verify the theoretical analysis. This kind of study is expected to add useful applications to chaos-based secure communications and text encryption.
Sexting 101, or How to Send Nudes
Authors: Kalish Rachel
Published: May 2020

Sexting has been defined as the exchange of sexually explicit materials via electronic means, such as text message or social media, and it has been emerging as a trend among young adults. This qualitative research project seeks to understand the extent of this phenomenon among college women, situating the practice within hookup culture. Using focus group data, this chapter examines how and why young women engage in sexting. Results show that young women do not approach sexting casually, although many do it to add “spice” to their relationships.
The Influence of Technology on Privacy Boundary Management in Young Adults' Sexting Relationships
Authors: Kahlow Jessica A.
Published: May 2020

Sexting (the sharing of sexual messages, images, and videos via communication technologies) emerged from the development of new communication technologies (CTs). As such, CTs are a vital component of sexting, and young adults continue to have more platforms to choose from to use for sexting. This chapter uses a relational approach to technological affordances and communication privacy management (CPM) theory to understand how technologies influence sexting among young adults. Empirical evidence is provided about how the affordances of a platform moderate the relationships between self-disclosure, partner trust, privacy, and risk. As such, an additional type of mediated dyadic privacy boundary is established where shared information can belong to one or both individuals and the medium used for sexting. Finally, the moderation results imply that the features of the platform matter in young adults' decisions to sext since the features can afford them more privacy, more trust, and less risk.
How Queerness Goes Online
Authors: Callahan Ian
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, the author challenges the commonsense claim that the internet provides equally accessible resources that are free from stigma, prejudice, or discrimination. Through the stories of university students in their own words, this intersectional analysis explores how the internet certainly offers substantial benefits to queer and nonconforming youth; however, interpersonal bias and systems of oppression pervade online forms of communication and social media applications. Additionally, the author troubles the notion that the internet is experienced as a ‘safe space' for anonymous or uninhibited explorations of queer identity. In fact, despite the internet's practical affordances of identity work, there are severe limits to tolerance and inclusion in online sociality, and because of this, doing queer identity work online has the potential to exacerbate the isolating effects of homophobia and discrimination.
Optimization Problems Arising from the Design of Pipes Made of Composite Materials
Authors: Bobyleva T. , Shamaev A.
Published: May 2020

The work is devoted to the construction of analytical solutions for the stress-strain state of a cylindrical hollow elastic rod with a layered structure along the radius. Earlier, the problem of finding the stress-strain state of a rod of composite material fixed at one end with the applied forces and moments of forces at the other end was considered. An approximate representation of the solutions was given, which included auxiliary problems on one fragment of the cylinder, consisting of periodically repeating similar fragments. Such auxiliary problems in the general case do not have an analytical solution. In this paper it is shown that in the presence of radial symmetry of the rod section, it is possible to construct a stress-strain state in an analytical form. In addition, tensile and bending stiffness can be presented in an analytical form. The latter circumstance allows us to set a problem of optimizing the stiffness characteristics of a rod with its fixed weight. Optimization is carried out by varying the thickness of the layers of the same materials.
Effective Highly Dispersed Additive for Concretes on the Basis of Natural Mineral Raw Materials
Authors: Karpikov E.G. , Lukuttsova N.P. , Bondarenko E.A.
Published: May 2020

The composition of a highly dispersed additive for concrete based on the natural mineral raw material wollastonite is developed. The properties of the modified fine-grained concrete (FGC) are studied. The three-factor experiment planning made it possible to obtain mathematical dependences of the bending and compressive strength after 3 and 28 days of hardening, density, and water-cement ratio of the fine-grained concrete on such factors as the content of anionic surfactant of naphthalene-formaldehyde type in the composition of the raw material wollastonite being an activator of mechanic-chemical processing, the suspension stabilizer of the pre-activated material, and the content of S-3+wollastonite in powder after mechanic-chemical activation in the suspension. The dependence nomograms are built. The optimal strength parameters of the modified fine-grained concrete with the content of a highly dispersed additive of 5% by weight of cement in its composition, and the wollastonite concentration of 3 g/l in the water medium of the suspension stabilizer S-3 are ascertained. The developed highly dispersed additive allows obtaining fine-grained concrete with the bending strength of 3.1 MPa and the compressive strength of 57.8 MPa.
Formation of the Structure and Properties of Epoxy-Based Composite Materials
Authors: Gafarova V.A. , Bazrova J. V. , Teltsova L.Z.
Published: May 2020

Over the past fifteen years, Russian and foreign scientists have conducted a large amount of research in the development and use of composite materials based on epoxy resins, including the ways to restore structural integrity. In the oil and gas industry, composite materials are used for repair works.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Autoclave Equipment by Optimizing the Technology of Manufacturing Parts from Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Zaychenko I.V. , Bazheryanu V.V. , Gordin S.A.
Published: May 2020

Autoclaves used for the manufacture of parts from polymer composite materials (PCM) for structural purposes are equipment that consumes a significant amount of energy.
In the manufacture of parts of a monolithic design from PCM in 2 transitions in order to reduce energy consumption, it was proposed: during the first molding, reduce the main exposure time, which reduced the operating time of the autoclave tens. In the workpiece, the complete polymerization of the adhesive binder occurs during the second molding transition. Also, it was proposed to manufacture parts of a honeycomb structure from adhesive prepregs for one molding with an autoclave under-molding at an elevated temperature instead of the first molding. The formation of a monolithic zone of honeycomb parts in one cycle eliminated the formation of unacceptable defects: "delamination" and "increased attenuation of the ultrasonic signal." A change in the technology of molding PCM parts has reduced manufacturing time, labor and energy consumption compared to the previously used mode in 2 transitions. The quality of gluing parts according to this advanced technology is confirmed by the results of acoustic control and mechanical tests.
Study of the Thermophysical Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Shubin I.L. , Dorf V.A. , Krasnovskij R.O. , Kapustin D.E. , Sultygova P.S.
Published: May 2020

The number of researches on steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) fire resistance is insignificant. For the calculation of building structures for fire resistance, it is necessary to use the thermophysical characteristics of concrete: thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity. The physicomechanical characteristics of SFRC depend on the volumetric content of the fiber in it. This paper presents the results of studies of thermophysical properties of SFRC. The studied SFRC had a high-strength self-compacting cement-sand matrix and a different percentage of fiber content (from 0 to 6%). The experiments were carried out for SFRC with steel wavy fiber 15 mm long and 0.3 mm in diameter. As a result of experimental studies, it was discovered that with an increase in the volumetric content of the fiber, a decrease in the values of heat flow, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity coefficients, specific heat capacity is observed and the thermal resistance of SFRC increases.
Volume Distribution of Reinforce Particles in a Metal Matrix
Authors: Fedotov A.A. , Safonova M.N. , Syromiatnikova A.S.
Published: May 2020

The authors studied the volume distribution of particles from ultrafine powders of natural diamond, used as a hardener for a post of diamond tools made on a metal basis by powder metallurgy methods. In [15-17], the authors determined that the addition of ultrafine natural diamond powders to the melt of tin bronze in an amount of 2-3% by weight has a positive effect on the physicomechanical and operational properties of the metal post. It was also determined that the hardening mechanism of the materials under study depends on the nature of the distribution of the hardener particles in the bulk of the matrix. In accordance with previous studies, the authors set the aim - to determine the distribution nature of reinforcing phase particles in the volume of the metal matrix. The studies were carried out using optical metallography, SEM microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was established that the particles of the hardener in the volume of the matrix are distributed evenly along the phase boundaries and in the body of the grains and reduce the number of pores formed during sintering compared with the original samples. With the established nature of the distribution of particles, a grain-boundary hardening mechanism is realized, in which dislocations are inhibited by grain boundaries, which are an insurmountable obstacle for them. It is also established that a part of the particles settle directly inside the grains of the material and is distributed throughout the volume uniformly contributing to the dispersion hardening mechanism.
The Effect of Cathode Surface Treatment on the Properties of Electrodeposited Copper Powders
Authors: Berezhnoi Yu.M. , Lipkin V.M. , Kuznetsov D.N. , Romanova O.N.
Published: May 2020

The main attention is paid to the study of processing mechanisms the surface of the electrode affects the kinetics of the electrodeposition of metals from various solutions of their complex salts, as well as improving the technology of obtaining electrolytic powder. Special attention was paid to the detailed study of regularities of the processes occurring during the electrodeposition of copper. Discussed features of the processes of separation of copper powders from solutions of ammonium chloride with addition of complexing polymers of polyacrylamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone's. The basic laws of surface treatment are considered cathode and processes affecting the kinetics of electrodeposition of metals various factors on the particle growth rate and purity of the resulting powders. Researches on improvement of technology of receiving and the intensification of the processes of electrodeposition of copper powders from complex electrolytes'.
Providing of Operational Properties for Gas-Turbine Engine Parts and Assemblies Using Electrospark Deposition
Authors: Denisov L.V. , Boytsov A.G. , Siluyanova M.V.
Published: May 2020

Article explains manufacturing capability of titanium parts reliability enhancement and life cycle enhancement by electrospark deposition using low energy discharges. Carbon electrodes used to form functional properties of parts surface layer. Alloyed carbooxide zone consist of highly dispersed structure (with particles of titanium carbide, titanium oxide, graphite), with 3-10 micron thick, and high hardness antifrictionality. Alloyed layer contain ordered phase Ti8C5, TiC, and the structure of Ti6C3,75. Parts dimensions almost do not changed after electrospark deposition with carbon electrodes. Subsequent diamond burnishing decrease friction coefficient and surface roughness. Fatigue resistance increased after healing of defects and microcracks. Local carbooxidation and burnishing used to increase wear resistance of titanium alloys.
Structural-Phase State of the Interphase Boundary at Thermal Diffusion Metallization of Diamond Grains by Fe, Ni and Co
Authors: Sharin P.P. , Akimova M.P. , Yakovleva S.P.
Published: May 2020

Structural-phase state of the diamond-metallized coating interphase boundary after thermal diffusion metallization of diamond grains by transition metals Fe, Ni and Co were studied. Metallization were conducted under temperature-time mode corresponding to the sintering of cemented carbide matrices with Cu impregnation. The structural-phase state of the metallized coating and diamond-coating interphase boundary was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis and Raman spectroscopy. A metallized coating strongly adhered to the diamond forms during thermal diffusion metallization of diamond by iron. The metallized coating has a complex structural phase composition of iron, a solid solution of carbon in iron and graphite phases. Nickel and cobalt cause intense catalytic graphitization of diamond with the formation of numerous traces of erosion on its surface under the heating conditions specified in the experiment. The observed weak adhesive interaction of these metals with diamond is probably due to the high melting temperatures of the Ni-C and Co-C eutectics, which does not allow the metals to react with diamond under given experimental conditions.
Effects of Complex Fillers on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites
Authors: Vasilev A.P. , Struchkova T.S. , Okhlopkova A.A.
Published: May 2020

This work is devoted to studying the impact of carbon fibers with vermiculite and ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene on the structure and properties of polytetrafluoroethylene. The mechanical and tribological characteristics of composites based on PTFE was compared depending on the content of carbon fibers. The yield strength and compressive strength improvement with increase of contents carbon fibers of the PTFE was showed. The method of X-ray analysis showed that with by introducing of complex fillers in the PTFE leads to the increasing the degree of crystallinity. PTFE-based composites reinforced complex fillers have shown a significant improvement in wear resistance compared to initial polymer. The study of the worn surface using scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy to describe the tribological behavior of PTFE-based composites was carried out. Using IR spectroscopy, it was revealed that in the process of friction on the worn surface of PTFE-based composites products of tribo-oxidation are formed. It has been established that in the friction process of polymer composite materials, secondary structures are formed on the friction surface of the material, which protects the material from abrasion.
Correlation of Barreling Effect with Boundary Friction Coefficient during Upsetting of Various Materials Workpieces under Processing Conditions
Authors: Kukhar Volodymyr V. , Klimov Eduard S. , Chernenko S.M. , Balalayeva E.Yu.
Published: May 2020

The necessity of taking into account the barreling effect at the design of die cavities, and open die and closed die forging processes on the basis of pre-forming of billets by upsetting is shown. The division of ideas about the indices of “bulk” and “linear” barreling (barrel shape), which is determined by the ratio of the bulk and linear dimensions of the workpiece after upsetting by flat dies, was made. The functional relation (correlation) between these indices and the friction coefficient on the boundary surface between flat dies and the upsetted workpiece has been determined. The qualitative and quantitative effect of workpiece dimensions (diameter-to-height ratio), strain range, temperature (conditions of cold and hot processing) and type of forming material (structural carbon steel, some of Cu-grades and Al-grades) on the barreling effect and friction coefficient during upsetting was found. The developed method makes it possible to predict a change in the friction coefficient during the upsetting of various material workpiece under given conditions of forming and to monitor their effect to the final shape.
Preparation of Tungsten Based Metal-Ceramic Alloys by the Plasma Chemical Synthesis from the Mineral Concentrate Mined in the Far Eastern Region
Authors: Kuzmichev E.N. , Nikolenko S.V. , Chigrin P.G.
Published: May 2020

s The paper considers the development of an alternative method for obtaining functional materials based on tungsten carbide and its compounds using simple and sufficiently productive equipment. This method will allow using mineral dumps as a raw material base, in addition, it gives an opportunity to obtain new compounds based on tungsten. Obtained during plasma-chemical synthesis, the WxCW alloy from a mixture based on a tungsten-containing concentrate has a two-phase composition consisting of carbides of the WxCW group and metallic tungsten. According to preliminary calculations, the content of the carbide phase in the alloy is 88% and depends on the plasma synthesis processes, on the concentrate composition, and on the introduced carburetor volume. The synthesis was carried out using tungsten-containing concentrates by treatment of high-density energies (g> 104 - 105 W/cm2) in an inert gas medium. The stage of plasma-chemical synthesis of the WxCW semi-finished product made it possible to obtain nanosized tungsten carbide crystals. This makes a possibility to synthesize a high-quality alloy with an ordered structure of the carbide phase during refinement and pressing. The carbide phase ordered structure contributed to an increase in the strength characteristics of the new refractory material.
Calculation of Residual Deformations of Granulated Materials from Exposure to Repeated Loads
Authors: Aleksandrov A.S. , Semenova T.V. , Aleksandrova N.P.
Published: May 2020

The analysis of the models for calculating residual deformations accumulated by granular materials under the influence of repeated loads is performed. Determined the hereditary nature of the accumulation of deformation of granular materials. This allowed the use of integral calculus for the analytical solution of the problem of the dependence of residual deformation on the number of repeated loads, the value of the main stresses. The solution is obtained in the form of logarithmic and power-law functions that associate the accumulated deformation with the deformation arising from the first load application with the number of applied loads. The deformation from the first load application is represented by the sum of the two components, instantaneous irreversible and viscoplastic. The viscoplastic component of the deformation is a consequence of stress relaxation in a relatively short period of time equal to the duration of the impact of the load. The analysis of experimental data on the triaxial compression of various granular materials is carried out and the parameters obtained for the power and logarithmic functions are determined. The materials studied include: granite, gneissic, granodiorite and diorite crushed stone, sand and gravel and crushed stone and gravel mixtures with a mineral part from various rocks, fortified sands. The possibility of application of the obtained solutions for the calculation displacement of the surface of the pavement layers of granular materials is shown. The tasks of further research are formulated.
Direct Antiviral Activity of IFN-Stimulated Genes Is Responsible for Resistance to Paramyxoviruses in ISG15-Deficient Cells
Authors: Holthaus David , Vasou Andri , Bamford Connor G. G. , Andrejeva Jelena , Paulus Christina , Randall Richard E. , McLauchlan John , Hughes David J.
Published: May 2020

IFNs, produced during viral infections, induce the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some ISGs have specific antiviral activity, whereas others regulate the cellular response. Besides functioning as an antiviral effector, ISG15 is a negative regulator of IFN signaling, and inherited ISG15 deficiency leads to autoinflammatory IFNopathies, in which individuals exhibit elevated ISG expression in the absence of pathogenic infection. We have recapitulated these effects in cultured human A549-ISG15−/− cells and (using A549-UBA7−/− cells) confirmed that posttranslational modification by ISG15 (ISGylation) is not required for regulation of the type I IFN response. ISG15-deficient cells pretreated with IFN-α were resistant to paramyxovirus infection. We also showed that IFN-α treatment of ISG15-deficient cells led to significant inhibition of global protein synthesis, leading us to ask whether resistance was due to the direct antiviral activity of ISGs or whether cells were nonpermissive because of translation defects. We took advantage of the knowledge that IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1) is the principal antiviral ISG for parainfluenza virus 5. Knockdown of IFIT1 restored parainfluenza virus 5 infection in IFN-α–pretreated, ISG15-deficient cells, confirming that resistance was due to the direct antiviral activity of the IFN response. However, resistance could be induced if cells were pretreated with IFN-α for longer times, presumably because of inhibition of protein synthesis. These data show that the cause of virus resistance is 2-fold; ISG15 deficiency leads to the early overexpression of specific antiviral ISGs, but the later response is dominated by an unanticipated, ISG15-dependent loss of translational control.
Utilisation des nouveaux outils de biotechnologie pour la xénotransplantation
Authors: Jolivet Geneviève
Published: May 2020

Use of new biotechnology tools for xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation is a seductive approach that has been tried many times for over a century in order to circumvent the lack of human organs or tissues for transplantation. Performing genetic alterations in the mammalian organs or tissues is one of the strategies implemented to limit rejection by the hosts. However, a considerable number of genes are involved in the mechanisms of tissue rejection and the production of genetically modified animals meeting the necessary criteria is rather complex. The emergence of powerful biotechnology tools (such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system) has opened new avenues to research in this area. An abundant literature exists which reviews the different approaches and current or planned attempts, using either cells and tissues, or organs from genetically modified animals.
Le forçage génétique (gène drive) et ses applications
Authors: Courtier-Orgogozo Virginie
Published: May 2020

Gene drive and its applications.

Gene drive is a new genetic engineering technology that has been developed over the past five years and that allows genetic modifications to spread rapidly in natural populations. Potential applications are numerous, for public health issues, agriculture and conservation biology. This article presents the current developments in this biotechnology, as well as the issues and risks associated with it.
Behind Harmony and Justice
Authors: Wang Keping
Published: May 2020

The proposition of “harmony higher than justice” was initiated by Li Zehou in 2007. It implies a hierarchical consideration rather than value assessment, thus schemed to reveal at least five aspects: (1) Harmony on this account is to be preconditioned by justice. (2) Harmony largely stems from human emotion instead of human rationality. (3) There are three forms of harmony in the societal, personal and eco-environmental domains. (4) What makes the three forms of harmony possible involves some key notions that vouchsafe a theoretical ground and a primary part of the “Chinese religious morality”. (5) The morality of this kind procures a regulative principle to facilitate an appropriate constitution of “modern social ethics” with regard to harmony as the ultimate destination of the future society and world alike. Accordingly, the proposition can be employed to further develop “the Chinese application” and impact “the Western substance”.
Special Issue Dedicated to Li Zehou on His 90th Birthday – Ethics and the Beauty of Human Becoming
Authors: S. Rošker Jana
Published: May 2020

The present issue of the journal Asian Studies is dedicated to Li Zehou, one of the greatest contemporary Chinese philosophers. It was compiled as a part of the celebration of his 90th birthday, which will take place on June 13 2020.
Impact of Mentoring on At-Risk Youth
Authors: Mirza Shazia
Published: May 2020

This study is a Qualitative case study which highlights the important role of an educational leader using mentoring and socio emotional techniques to save her student from extremist activities in name of religion. Educational leaders should be committed not only toward their students' academic enrichment but also focus on developing their student's socio emotional wellbeing. The educational leader plays a profound role toward promoting students wellbeing, giving them a message that yes we are here for you and by building in them confidence when they need it the most. Whenever at-risk youth is mentioned, it is assumed that they hide destructive layers under their body and mind.  They need someone who knows how to read these signs and the educational leader plays a key role in this regard. This study will help educational leaders and managers to understand the aspects, importance and applicability of social emotional learning (cognitive affective) on student's behavior. Furthermore the study also shows how using some techniques of care, the teacher not only saved her students' life but also the lives of many students. This research accentuates the importance of creating a strong bonding with students. For curriculum developers, it is of key importance to inculcate religious content that emphasizes more on aspects related to care through animal rights in Islam and humanity on whole. Furthermore this research provides imperative guidelines to inculcate social emotional learning in Islamiat curriculum and shares the result on student's behavior towards general people. It also emphasizes the leaders' role of managing students on the basis of socio emotional learning.
World Englishes: Changing the Paradigm of Linguistic Diversity in Global Academia
Authors: Alogali Azizah
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the ways that the publications of multilingual and non-native speakers of English are treated in academic publications. Using the World Englishes theory as a framework, it attempts to enumerate which overt and hidden advantages native speakers may have over non-native speakers in academic writing communities, and how these can be deconstructed. It also explores possible solutions to this problem, both to improve non-native students' written scholarly work and to restructure global perceptions and biases towards different regional varieties of English. The paper focuses on certain gatekeeping behaviors performed by institutions of knowledge production, and on how the World Englishes theory can be applied to help improve parity in international academia.
Unlocking the Power of Inquiry: A Case Study on Elementary Science Professional Development Program
Authors: Hozefa Poonawala Ramla
Published: May 2020

This study examines the awareness of inquiry based teaching amongst elementary science teachers through a workshop intervention, conducted in a private school in Karachi, Pakistan. The case study design deployed, highlighted the learning experiences of 24 participants that took part in the professional development workshop. A qualitative survey was carried before the intervention followed by focus group discussion, document analysis and participant observations during and after the intervention. These methodologies were used to record participants learning experiences and awareness of essential features of inquiry based pedagogy. In addition to this, four primary science teachers were interviewed to examine the adoption of essential features of inquiry in their revised lesson plans. The findings of this study were that before the science training the participants were superficially aware of the fundamentals of inquiry based methods and techniques and knew its importance. However, the in-depth process knowledge and skills/strategies required for an effective inquiry was an identifiable shortcoming. The workshop provided learning opportunities to analyze phenomenon, think scientifically, engage in hands-on science activities. Because of the workshop, the participants demonstrated an improved understanding of what entails an inquiry process and features of scientific inquiry. This research should inspire and inform professional developers about gap in inquiry based science teachings. Furthermore, the study aims to motivate private schools in Pakistan to invest in inquiry based science teaching as a tangible long-term benefit which can translate into better teaching practitioner.
Students' Impressions on the Effectiveness of Online Discussion Forums
Authors: Vijayavalsalan Beena
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The study has evaluated the effectiveness of online discussion forums among the students of Abu Dhabi University, UAE. Results: The results have shown strong association between positive learning experience and frequency of student participation in discussion forums. However, no statistical significance (p-value=0.306) has been observed among online forums and age of the participants for developing critical thinking skills. Moreover, a significant difference has been identified in students' participation on the effectiveness of online discussion (p-value=0.000). Conclusion: It is concluded that online discussion forums serve as an efficient and effective tool for interaction among the participants.
Relación entre el color de epidermis y algunas características de calidad en frutos de aguacate 'Hass‘.
Authors: Jorge A. Osuna-García  , Gilles Doyon  , Samuel Salazar-García  , Ricardo Goenaga  , Isidro J. L. González-Durán
Published: May 2020

México es el principal exportador de aguacate 'Hass' en el mundo con más de 300,000 t anuales. Los principales importadores son Estados Unidos de América, Japón, la Unión Europea y Canadá. Recientemente, embarques de aguacate 'Hass' que contenían frutos con ennegrecimiento de la epidermis fueron rechazados por el mercado canadiense, ya que esta característica se asocia con baja firmeza de pulpa y corta vida de anaquel. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el color de la epidermis de frutos de aguacate 'Hass' con algunas características de calidad. En dos empacadoras de Michoacán, México, se tomaron muestras de frutos con diferentes porcentajes de color negro en la epidermis (de 0 a 100%; categorías 1 a 5). A cada fruto se le midió el color externo [luminosidad (L), 'a', 'b', croma y ángulo de tono], firmeza de pulpa,contenido de materia seca y el índice de maduración. Se empleó un diseño de parcelas divididas con cinco repeticiones. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre empacadoras para peso, largo, color de cascara ('a', b', croma y hue) así como para firmeza de pulpa pero no para ancho, contenido de materia seca ni el índice de maduración. Se observó que conforme el color de categoría se incrementó hacia frutos más obscuros, los valores del índice de madurez se incrementaron, la firmeza disminuyó pero el contenido de materia seca no varió. Estos resultados proveen evidencia de que el obscurecimiento de la cascara no está asociado con la baja calidad de los frutos, aunque sí con la disminución de la firmeza de pulpa al momento del empacado.
RENDIMIENTO DEL ÑAME MAPUEY (DIOSCOREA TRIFIDAL.) VARIANDO EL USO DE RIEGO Y PESO DEL MATERIAL DE PROPAGACIÓN
Authors: Agenol González-Vélez
Published: May 2020

RENDIMIENTO DEL ÑAME MAPUEY (DIOSCOREA TRIFIDAL.) VARIANDO EL USO DE RIEGO Y PESO DEL MATERIAL DE PROPAGACIÓN
RELEASE OF SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) OPEN-POLLINATED CULTIVAR 'SURESWEET 2011
Authors: James S. Beaver  , Bryan R. Brunner  , Arístides Armstrong
Published: May 2020

RELEASE OF SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) OPEN-POLLINATED CULTIVAR 'SURESWEET 2011