bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health a Few Months Postpartum in Women Who Had Developed Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Gómez Fernández Cristina , Golubic Rajna , Mitsigiorgi Rea , Mansukhani Tanvi , Car Josip , Nicolaides Kypros H.
Published: January 2025

Background: To assess the incidence of dysglycaemia and metabolic syndrome and factors associated with them 5 months postpartum in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in their last pregnancy. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective cohort study in 558 women with previous GDM who attended a 5-month postpartum follow-up clinic. Backward elimination was performed to select significant factors for the multivariable logistic regression model. Dysglycaemia (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D)) and metabolic syndrome were used as outcomes in separate models. Results: Dysglycaemia was diagnosed in 202 (36.2%) women, including 174 (31.2%) with prediabetes and 28 (5.0%) with T2D. Women with dysglycaemia, compared with those with normoglycaemia, were more likely to be of black ethnicity (33.2 vs. 20.5%) and have severe GDM (31.7 vs. 16%), a higher postpartum BMI (29.5 vs. 27.6 kg/m2), and metabolic syndrome (20 vs. 7%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors of dysglycaemia were black (OR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.27–3.46) and mixed ethnicity (OR 3.05; 95% CI: 1.26–7.42), diagnosis of GDM before 24 weeks gestation (OR 3.05, 95% CI: 1.90–4.91), and treatment of GDM with metformin (OR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.05–2.55) or insulin (OR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14–3.79) rather than diet alone. Significant predictors of metabolic syndrome were postpartum maternal BMI (OR 5.49; 95% CI: 2.60–11.59) and absence of breastfeeding (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21–3.77). Conclusions: At 5 months postpartum, a high proportion of women who developed GDM showed evidence of dysglycaemia. Future studies should investigate interventions that could reduce the risk of short- and long-term consequences of suboptimal cardiometabolic health in such women.
Nitric Oxide in Parkinson’s Disease: The Potential Role of Dietary Nitrate in Enhancing Cognitive and Motor Health via the Nitrate–Nitrite–Nitric Oxide Pathway
Authors: Tripodi Gianluca , Lombardo Mauro , Kerav Sercan , Aiello Gilda , Baldelli Sara
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. The pathological hallmarks of PD include Lewy bodies and mechanisms like oxidative/nitrosative stress, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, plays a dual role in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Excessive NO production exacerbates neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative damage, contributing to dopaminergic cell death. This review explores NO’s role in PD pathogenesis and investigates dietary nitrate as a therapeutic strategy to regulate NO levels. Methods: A literature review of studies addressing the role of NO in PD was conducted using major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords such as “nitric oxide”, “NOSs”, “Parkinson’s disease”, and “nitrate neuroprotection in PD”. Studies on nitrate metabolism via the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway and its effects on PD hallmarks were analyzed. Studies regarding the role of nitrosamine formation in PD, which are mainly formed during the nitrification process of amines (nitrogen-containing compounds), often due to chemical reactions in the presence of nitrite or nitrate, were also examined. In particular, nitrate has been shown to induce oxidative stress, affect the mitochondrial function, and contribute to inflammatory phenomena in the brain, another factor closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. Results: Excessive NO production, particularly from iNOS and nNOS, was strongly associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, amplifying neuronal damage in PD. Dietary nitrate was shown to enhance NO bioavailability through the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway, mitigating inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative damage. Conclusions: Dysregulated NO production contributes significantly to PD progression via inflammatory and oxidative/nitrosative pathways. Dietary nitrate, by modulating NO levels, offers a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract these pathological mechanisms. Further clinical trials are warranted to establish its efficacy and optimize its use in PD management.
Inequalities in the Distribution of the Nursing Workforce in Albania: A Regional Analysis Using the Gini Coefficient
Authors: Duka Blerina , Dervishi Alketa , Grosha Eriola , Ivziku Dhurata , Rocco Gennaro , Stievano Alessandro , Notarnicola Ippolito
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The uneven distribution of nurses in Albania is a major problem that compromises equitable access to health services. Rural and less developed regions suffer from a chronic shortage of nursing staff, while urban areas attract health professionals. This study aims to quantify the inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania, analyzing the nurse-to-population ratio and its impact on the quality of healthcare. The main objective of this study is to examine the distribution of the nursing workforce in Albania and assess regional disparities, using the Gini coefficient and the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure and compare inequalities between regions. Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was conducted in 2024. The data were collected from official sources, including the Albanian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used to analyze the distribution of nurses in relation to the population and HDI of the different regions. The analysis included data on the number of nurses, population, and regional socioeconomic conditions. Results: The average nurse-to-population ratio in Albania is 28 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants, with significant variations between regions. Tirana has the highest ratio (60 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants), while Kukës and Dibër have the lowest values (10 per 10,000 inhabitants). The calculated Gini coefficient is 0.0228, indicating a very low level of inequality in the distribution of the nursing workforce. Conclusions: Inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania require targeted policy interventions. Policies are needed that incentivize health workers to work in less developed regions, through economic incentives, infrastructure improvements, and lifelong learning programs. These interventions are essential to reduce disparities and ensure equitable access to health services across the country.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in the Immediate Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bratti Letícia de Oliveira Souza , Martins Ana Carolina , Nunes Bruno Fonseca , Moura Emerita Quintina de Andrade , Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello de , Filippin-Monteiro Fabíola Branco
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Since obesity and overweight are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases, we investigated cardiovascular events risk in individuals who lost weight through bariatric surgery. Methods: Serum levels of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDLDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein ratios were assessed in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery, including a 6-month follow-up period. Results: Bariatric surgery significantly improved BMI, triglyceride levels, glucose, and insulin sensitivity. However, HDL cholesterol levels dropped sharply in the first month (p < 0.0001), coinciding with elevated atherogenic indices, indicating a transient increase in cardiovascular risk. By 6 months, indices improved significantly, HDL recovered, and LDL particle size increased, suggesting reduced atherogenic potential. Conclusions: Individuals undergoing bariatric surgery have a higher cardiovascular events risk in the immediate postoperative period. Health professionals should be aware of and monitor these patients closely.
Derivation of Meson Masses in SU(3) and SU(4) Extended Linear Sigma Model at Finite Temperature
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Ahmadov Azar I. , Friesen Alexandra , Kalinovsky Yuriy , Aparin Alexey , Hanafy Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

The present study focused on the mesonic potential contributions to the Lagrangian of the extended linear sigma model (eLSM) for scalar and pseudoscalar meson fields across various quark flavors. The present study focused on the low-energy phenomenology associated with quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where mesons and their interactions serve as the pertinent degrees of freedom, rather than the fundamental constituents of quarks and gluons. Given that SU(4) configurations are completely based on SU(3) configurations, the possible relationships between meson states in SU(3) and those in SU(4) were explored at finite temperature. Meson states, which are defined by distinct chiral properties, were grouped according to their orbital angular momentum J, parity P, and charge conjugation C. Consequently, this organization yielded scalar mesons with quantum numbers JPC=0++, pseudoscalar mesons with JPC=0−+, vector mesons with JPC=1−−, and axial vector mesons with JPC=1++. We accomplished the derivation of analytical expressions for a total of seventeen noncharmed meson states and twenty-nine charmed meson states so that an analytical comparison of the noncharmed and charmed meson states at different temperatures became feasible and the SU(3) and SU(4) configurations could be analytically estimated.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Gene Profiling, and Spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat in Alabama, USA
Authors: Faraj Rawah , Ramadan Hazem , Bentum Kingsley E. , Alkaraghulli Bilal , Woube Yilkal , Hassan Zakaria , Samuel Temesgen , Adesiyun Abiodun , Jackson Charlene R. , Abebe Woubit
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in retail meat poses a public health threat requiring continuous surveillance. This study investigated the frequency of isolation, toxin genes, and antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus recovered from retail poultry meat samples and presented results beneficial to public health interventions. Of 200 samples collected, 16% (32/200) tested positive for S. aureus, and these were recovered from thigh 37.5% (12/32), wing 34.4% (11/32), gizzard (15.6% (5/32), and liver 12.5% (4/32) samples. Findings of spa typing analysis revealed that 68.8% (22/32), 18.8% (6/32), 9.4% (3/32), and 3.0% (1/32) of the isolates belonged to the spa types t267, t160, t548, and t008, respectively. For antibiotic susceptibility testing, 12.5% (4/32) of the isolates were resistant to only penicillin, but one isolate (1/32; 3%) showed resistance to the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, and oxacillin. PCR analysis revealed that 9.4% (3/32) of the isolates carried the mecA gene associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. One MRSA isolate was identified as a t008 spa type, and harbored a 26,974 bp-sized plasmid, which was the source of its resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and oxacillin. The staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes seg, sei, sek, seb, selm, and seln were also identified among the isolates, and mostly the antimicrobial and enterotoxin genes were carried on plasmids of the isolates. This study raises awareness on the continuous circulation of pathogenic microbes like S. aureus in retail poultry meat.
Integrating Domestic Violence Education into the Pharmacy Curriculum
Authors: Khera Harjit K. , Wardan Rita , Wu Hiu Tek , Ling Andy , Caliph Suzanne M.
Published: January 2025

Domestic violence (DV) is a pervasive issue with significant implications for public health, yet it remains under-addressed in healthcare systems. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare providers, are in a unique position to identify and support individuals affected by DV, but training in this area is often lacking in pharmacy education. This study explores the challenges of and opportunities for integrating DV education into the pharmacy curriculum by interviewing twelve pharmacy educators from Monash University. Using semi-structured interviews, data were analyzed thematically to identify key barriers and facilitators. The findings highlight several benefits of integrating DV education, including pharmacists’ accessibility to patients and their ability to play a vital role in recognizing and responding to DV. However, challenges such as time constraints, lack of confidence, insufficient training, and perceived limitations on pharmacists’ scope of practice were noted. Ethical and legal concerns regarding pharmacists’ roles in DV cases were also identified. This study concludes that integrating DV education into pharmacy curricula is essential; however, it requires significant barriers to be overcome, including the need for specialised training and collaboration with DV experts. This study recommends interdisciplinary workshops and greater faculty support to equip future pharmacists with the necessary skills to address DV effectively.
A New Method to Enhance the Light–Matter Interaction by Controlling the Resonance of Electrons
Authors: Hu Xuefang , Mao Haoyang , Yang Sisi , Lu Changgui , Zhao Xiangyue , Lu Mengjia
Published: January 2025

The manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) plays an essential role in plasmonic science and technology. However, the modulation efficiency and size of the device in the traditional method suffer from weak light–matter interaction. Herein, we propose a new method to enhance the light–matter interaction by controlling the resonance of electrons in a sandwich structure which is composed of an interdigital electrode, dielectric, and doped semiconductor. The numerical results show that the resonance of electrons occurs when their vibrational frequency under electrostatic field matches well with the oscillation frequency of the propagating SPPs. The intensity of the electric field is enhanced about 8%, which can be utilized to improve the modulation efficiency and minimize the footprint of device to a great extent. These findings pave a new way towards higher precision sensor and more compact modulator.
Mitigation of High Temperatures with Ascophyllum nodosum Biostimulants in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seedlings
Authors: Ferreira Thayanne Rangel , Rodrigues Johnny da Silva , Galote Jean Karlos Barros , Crasque Jeane , Neto Basílio Cerri , Falqueto Antelmo Ralph , Arantes Lúcio de Oliveira , Arantes Sara Dousseau
Published: January 2025

High temperatures can interfere with plant metabolism and physiology, compromising productivity. One tactic to minimize the effects of heatwaves on agriculture is the use of bio-stimulants. This study evaluated two commercial products (Baltiko® and Acadian®) containing Ascophyllum nodosum in ‘Aliança’ papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedlings. Six doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 mL L−1) were applied weekly for four weeks at two distinct times, considering moderate and high temperatures. The results indicated distinct effects on gas exchange, seedling development, and nutrient content in leaves and roots. During the moderate temperature period, increasing doses enhanced gas exchange and aerial development, along with increases in potassium and boron levels in the leaves, while root growth decreased. Acadian® provided higher levels of boron in leaves and roots compared to Baltiko®. During the period of elevated temperature, increases were observed in leaf area, root dry mass, and leaf content of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and zinc, along with potassium in the roots. These increases were primarily attributed to the effects of the applied biostimulants. A lower dose (3 mL L−1) is recommended during mild temperatures, while a higher dose (6 mL L−1) is suggested for elevated temperatures.
Floristic Account of Apocynaceae (Gentianales) in Tunisia: New Additions to National and North African Flora with Nomenclatural Updates and Taxonomic Notes
Authors: El Mokni Ridha , Iamonico Duilio
Published: January 2025

A taxonomic revision of the family Apocynaceae (Gentianales) from Tunisia is presented. Field surveys carried out during the last two decades allowed us to identify new records at the national level, i.e., Asclepias curassavica, Carissa macrocarpa, Cascabela thevetia, and Cryptostegia grandiflora (the latter three are new to the non-native Mediterranean and North African woody vascular flora). The genus Asclepias is new at a national level, whereas Carissa, Cascabela, and Cryptostegia are recorded here for the first time in the Mediterranean basin. Information is provided about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, chorology, occurrence in Tunisia, habitat, phenology, and taxonomic annotations, and original photos are prepared. Diagnostic keys relating to generic and species ranks are also given. Using typificitions, the identity of the Linnaean names Cynanchum erectum and C. monspeliensis, Pourret’s Vinca difformis, and Roxburgh’s Nerium grandiflorum is discussed.
Identification of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Family Based on Amaranthus tricolor Genome and AtrMYB72 Promoting Betalain Biosynthesis by Directly Activating AtrCYP76AD1 Expression
Authors: Xue Yuwei , Li Kexuan , Feng Wenli , Lai Zhongxiong , Liu Shengcai
Published: January 2025

MYB (myeloblastosis) is one of the most abundant transcription factors in plants which regulates various biological processes. The molecular characteristics and function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in amaranth remain unclear. In this study, 73 R2R3-MYB members were identified from the amaranth genome database and we further analyzed their chromosome position, conserved motifs, physiological and biochemical features, collinearity relationships, gene structure, phylogeny and cis-acting element. Based on the phylogenetic and expression pattern analysis, 14 candidate R2R3-MYB genes might be involved in the betalain synthesis. Amongst the 14 candidate R2R3-MYB genes, the expression level of AtrMYB72 was higher in ‘Suxian No.1’ than ‘Suxian No.2’, and also higher in the red section than in the green section of the same leaf in Amaranthus. The overexpression vector pCambia1301-AtrMYB72-GUS and VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) vector pTRV2- AtrMYB72 were transferred into leaves of ‘Suxian No.1’ via an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The results showed that AtrMYB72 overexpression could promote betalain synthesis. A yeast one-hybrid assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that AtrMYB72 could bind to the AtrCYP76AD1 promoter to promote betalain synthesis. These results indicated that AtrMYB72 promoted betalain biosynthesis in amaranth by activating the AtrCYP76AD1 transcription. Our results could provide new insights into the betalain biosynthesis in amaranth.
Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites with High Solar Reflectance for Thermal Insulation Applications
Authors: Vámos Csenge , Bárány Tamás
Published: January 2025

Reflective thermal insulation layers can offer an energy-efficient strategy for preventing temperature rises by reflecting sunlight on surfaces. Our previous study presented a novel solvent-based method to prepare porous polypropylene (PP) with high solar reflectivity. However, the stiffness and strength of the neat porous PP were insufficient for thermal insulation applications, as mechanical loads from installation and environmental factors limit the applicability of such products. This paper addresses this gap by applying our solvent-based surface modification technology to glass fiber (GF)-reinforced PP composite sheets, creating a previously unexplored system. While the enhanced modulus and strength aligned with expectations, the micro- and nano-structured porous outer layers situated below the skin layer of the sheets, the refractive index mismatch between the PP matrix and the GF, and the size of the GF delivered a notable advancement in reflective thermal insulation performance. The combined effect of 30 wt% GF, nucleating agents, and surface modification resulted in a highly porous surface layer featuring spherulite sizes of 0.5–2.0 μm. With these combined effects, we achieved a modulus value of ~4 GPa, a tensile strength of 60 MPa, and an average solar reflectance of up to 94%. Thermal insulation performance measurements demonstrated that the registered inner temperature was lower by 24.1 °C compared to neat PP sheets. These combined effects demonstrate the potential of our solvent-based surface modification technology to develop cost-effective, porous PP composite sheets for efficient reflective thermal insulation.
Polymer Structural Composites Reinforced with Hemp Fibres—Impact Tests of Composites After Long-Term Storage in Representative Aqueous Environments and Fire Tests in the Context of Their Disposal by Energy Recycling Methods
Authors: Scheibe Mieczyslaw , Dobrzynska Renata , Urbaniak Magdalena , Bledzki Andrzej
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the potential for an alternative use of structural polymer composite reinforcement, made from natural industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibres, in the manufacture of selected products in the shipbuilding industry. This research used fabrics made from unmodified and chemically modified industrial hemp fibres. The primary research focus was on determining the impact strength of the new eco-friendly structural composites produced after long-term storage in representative aqueous environments. Also presented are the results of fire response tests of these composites in the context of their disposal by energy recycling. The tests carried out also referred to a well-defined glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite, from which a control slab of the actual product was realistically produced in the form of a representative section of a 34-foot boat hull plate below the waterline. The results of this basic research into these structural composites confirmed the validity of continuing, respectively, application and implementation research, aimed at producing composites dedicated to selected products of the shipbuilding industry.
Direct Ink Writing and Photocrosslinking of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose into Stable 3D Parts Using Methacrylation and Blending
Authors: Yapa Mehmet-Talha , Sivasankarapillai Gopakumar , Lalevée Jacques , Laborie Marie-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Two 50% solid content solutions of methacrylated hydroxypropyl cellulose (MAHPC) with respective substitution degrees of 1.85 ± 0.04 (L_MAHPC) and 2.64 ± 0.04 (H_MAHPC) were screened for rheological properties, photocrosslinking kinetics and printability in relevance to direct ink writing (DIW). Photo-rheological and printability studies reveal that the rheological properties of both MAHPC inks are better suited for DIW than those of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) inks. Namely, methacrylate grafting improves shear dynamic moduli at low strain but also shear thinning and shear recovery. Both inks completely cure within 30 s upon shining UV light. Photocrosslinking is found to follow the phenomenological autocatalytic Sestak–Berggren kinetic model. However, prolonged exposure to UV light past full cure upon DIW leads to part fracture. The narrow UV-cure time window consequently precludes the production of multilayer parts using UV-assisted DIW for these neat MAHPC inks. In contrast, when blending MAHPC with HPC, an optimal balance between curing kinetics and DIW conditions is achieved, and stable, high-fidelity 150-layered parts are produced. Altogether this research highlights the need to design the content of photocrosslinkable moieties of cellulose derivatives to photoprint high fidelity and stable 3D parts from HPC inks.
Evolution of Methylsilsesquioxane: From Hydrolytic Polycondensation Product to Xerogel
Authors: Meshkov Ivan B. , Mazhorova Nadezhda G. , Bakirov Artem V. , Vasil’ev Sergey G. , Kalinina Aleksandra A. , Bystrova Aleksandra V. , Muzafarov Aziz M.
Published: January 2025

Silica fillers have been a cornerstone in chemical technology due to their versatility, availability, and ease of integration into various formulations. Recent advancements, including chlorine-free synthesis of alkoxysilanes, have paved the way for alternative materials like polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSSO). This study explores the structural evolution and properties of a hydrophobic PMSSO xerogel, synthesized through hydrolytic polycondensation of methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS). PMSSO exhibits exceptional hydrophobicity, high specific surface area, and compatibility with polymer matrices, making it a promising filler for applications in rubber products, lubricants, and cosmetics. We developed a straightforward synthesis method for producing PMSSO xerogel that avoids toxic solvents and organochlorosilanes, ensuring safety and sustainability. The reaction conditions, particularly the amount of alkali and neutralization parameters, were found to significantly influence the properties of the final xerogels, such as specific surface area. Optimization of the synthesis parameters allow for obtaining PMSSO xerogels with a specific surface area about 600 m2/g. These findings underscore PMSSO’s potential as a versatile, eco-friendly alternative to conventional silica fillers, offering tailored properties for diverse industrial applications.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composite Coating
Authors: Yan Han , Tan Junling , Chen Hui , He Tao , Zeng Dezhi , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2025

Machine learning, being convenient and nondestructive, is beneficial for evaluating the tribological properties of coatings. Here, six machine learning algorithms, using a sericite/epoxy composite coating (SEC) as an example, were employed to assess the impact of filler content (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) and mesh size on the tribological properties of epoxy composite coatings under different loads. The results showed that the gradient boosting regression model had superior accuracy and stability compared to the other regression models, achieving friction coefficient and wear rate prediction accuracies of 93.7% and 85.7%, respectively. This model outperformed others, including decision trees, extreme gradient boosting, and Gaussian process regression. Feature importance showed that the content of sericite had the most significant influence on the tribological properties. This work provides valuable guidance for the engineering application of this material.
3D Printing of Virucidal Polymer Nanocomposites (PLA/Copper Nanoparticles)
Authors: Silva Dias Waldeir , Demosthenes Luana Cristiny da Cruz , Costa João Carlos Martins da , Pocrifka Leandro Aparecido , Reis do Nascimento Nayra , Coelho Pinheiro Samantha , Garcia del Pino Gilberto , Valin Rivera José Luis , Valin Fernández Meylí , Costa de Macêdo Neto José
Published: January 2025

Metallic nanoparticles with virucidal properties dispersed in a polymeric matrix have gained prominence in the scientific community as a rapid and effective alternative that employs the additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing method. This study aims to produce filaments for 3D printing using polymer nanocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in different proportions. The virucidal activity of various proportions of nanoparticles in PLA was investigated. The composites were produced following a mixture design (DOE) with concentrations ranging from 1% to 2% copper nanoparticles, which were blended with PLA using a single-screw extruder. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength testing, and fracture analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thermal analysis of the composites indicated that the CuNPs contributed to an increase in the degradation temperature and crystallization of the PLA. Sample S7 (1.25% of CuNPs) exhibited a 4% increase in the degradation temperature compared to pure PLA. The best tensile strength results were observed in sample S7 (1.25% of CuNPs), 30% more than sample S3 (1.33% of CuNPs) due to good material cohesion, as evidenced by microscopy analyses. Regarding virucidal analyses, most composites demonstrated virus inhibition activity.
High-Pressure Extraction Techniques for Efficient Recovery of Flavonoids and Coumarins from Flower Seeds
Authors: Oro Carolina E. Demaman , Wancura João H. C. , Santos Maicon S. N. dos , Venquiaruto Luciana D. , Dallago Rogério M. , Tres Marcus V.
Published: January 2025

The extraction of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and coumarins, from natural sources has gained significant attention due to their potential health benefits. This review aims to explore the application of high-pressure extraction processes, particularly supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), for obtaining flavonoids and coumarins from flower seeds. These techniques offer a greener, more efficient alternative to conventional extraction methods, minimizing the use of harmful solvents and improving the yield and purity of the target compounds. Flower seeds, a rich source of bioactive molecules, are an underutilized reservoir for these valuable compounds. For example, seeds from plants such as Calendula officinalis (calendula) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) are rich in flavonoids and coumarins. The proposed review will examine the influence of extraction parameters—such as temperature, pressure, solvent choice, and extraction time—on the yield and quality of flavonoids and coumarins. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of high-pressure extraction methods and optimize protocols for the efficient, sustainable extraction of flavonoids and coumarins from flower seeds.
The Casing Collapse Mechanism in Salt Formations in Deepwater Fields in Brazil
Authors: Gu Chunwei , Xiang Ming , Li Mengbo , Zhu Haifeng , Zhang Qinyue , Xing Zixiao , Wang Mingchun , Zhang Zhe , Yan Chuanliang
Published: January 2025

Salt formations are commonly encountered during oil and gas drilling. Due to the rheological properties of salt rocks, casing collapse accidents happen frequently. Under action of nonuniform geostress, casing failure has become an important influencing factor that restricts the exploration and development benefits of deep and ultra-deep wells. Casing stress in a period after well cementation in the salt formation of Brazilian deepwater fields was analyzed. Results show that the nonuniform geostress is instantaneously applied on the cement sheath when well cementation is completed in the salt formation and then transferred to the casing. Stress on the inner wall grows with an increase in the angle with the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress and it reaches the maximum in the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress. As the creep continues, stress on the inner wall of casings gradually enlarges and the circumferential stress in inner rings tends to be uniform, which means that creep of the formation weakens the nonuniformity of casing deformation. The collapse pressure on the outer wall of casings tends to increase at first and then decrease as the angle with the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress enlarges. Stress on the inner wall of casings in the salt formation reduces with the increasing thickness of casings selected, and the casing strength is improved as the wall thickness increases. The research results provide certain theoretical guidance for the strength check of casings in well cementation engineering in salt formations.
Immobilization of Trametes versicolor Laccase by Interlinked Enzyme Aggregates with Improved pH Stability and Its Application in the Degradation of Bisphenol A
Authors: Uber Thaís Marques , de Oliveira Pateis Vanesa , Cheute Vinícius Mateus Salvatori , dos Santos Luís Felipe Oliva , de Figueiredo Trindade Amanda Rúbia , Contato Alex Graça , dos Santos Filho José Rivaldo , Corrêa Rúbia Carvalho Gomes , Castoldi Rafael , de Souza Cristina Giatti Marques , Bracht Adelar , Peralta Rosane Marina
Published: January 2025

Laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized via the formation of interlinking enzyme aggregates (CLEA). Its free and immobilized enzymes were characterized, and its efficiency was tested via the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution. The resistances against thermal denaturation and pH variations were improved upon immobilization. Although the optimal pH of the enzyme was not modified by immobilization, the latter considerably increased its stability in the pH range of 2.0 to 8.0. The immobilized form was still 50% active after 6 months of storage, while the free form took 1 month to suffer a similar drop in activity. Both free and immobilized T. versicolor laccases were efficient in removing 200 µM BPA from aqueous solutions. The free laccase removed 79% and 92.9% of the compound during the first hour of reaction when 0.1 and 0.2 U were used, respectively. The immobilized form, on the other hand, removed 72% and 94.1% of 200 µM BPA during the first hour of reaction when 0.2 and 0.5 U were used, respectively. The immobilized enzyme allowed seven reuse cycles in the oxidation of ABTS and up to four cycles in the degradation of BPA. The results suggest that the laccase from T. versicolor may be useful in biological strategies aiming at degrading endocrine disruptors, such as BPA.
Challenges of Religious and Cultural Diversity in the Child Protection System with Children Migrating “Alone” in Catalonia and Melilla
Authors: Freixa Niella Montserrat , Ruiz Garzón Francisca , Sánchez-Martí Angelina , Vilà Baños Ruth
Published: January 2025

Cultural and religious diversity in Spain, driven by recent decades of migratory flows, has not been exempt from generating social tensions and, unfortunately, an increasing stigmatization of migrant children. This article examines how power dynamics and exclusion impact the identity construction of these young people, particularly within the child protection system. Through interviews and focus groups with young people and professionals in Barcelona and Melilla, this study highlights the resistance strategies these young individuals employ to counteract stigmatizing narratives. The findings indicate that, despite inclusion policies, imposed labels reinforce their vulnerability and limit their social and community participation. Although interfaith dialogue is proposed as a tool to mitigate these tensions, professionals working with these children emphasize the lack of institutional support and insufficient training in socio-cultural diversity, which hinders their efforts. The study underscores the importance of developing interfaith competencies that foster mutual respect and recognition, concluding with a critique of the current protection system. It advocates for a comprehensive approach to addressing these young people’s emotional, social, and spiritual needs beyond solely legal and educational aspects.
Analysing the Shema in the Light of the Neurobiology of Virtue
Authors: Mullins Andy
Published: January 2025

Moses’s great command, known to us as the Shema, taught the Jewish people that the great goal of one’s entire being must be love of God but that this outcome can be easily obscured in the face of distractions and competing pleasures. The task he describes may be understood as an exhortation to live and teach moral virtues, informed by faith in God: self-management of impulses and conditionings so that we can think clearly about the goals we pursue and love wisely. This study offers an analysis of the Shema through the lens of neurobiology. This approach supports a literal interpretation of the Shema to the extent that it provides a neurobiological explanation for the role of memory, positive emotion, and curated attention in establishing positive convictions and holding to them in the face of contrary stimuli. In doing so, it demonstrates that such applications of neurobiology can enrich our understanding of human behaviour because they offer insights into the internal dynamics at work in human choices and motivations, and into the need for coherence between our emotional responses and our convictions.
Monitoring and Comparative Analysis of NO2 and HCHO in Shanghai Using Dual-Azimuth Scanning MAX-DOAS and TROPOMI
Authors: Ren Hongmei , Li Ang , Hu Zhaokun , Shao Nannan , Yang Xinyan , Zhang Hairong , Xu Jiangman , Ma Jinji
Published: January 2025

This study employed dual-azimuth scanning MAX-DOAS to monitor vertical column densities of NO2 and HCHO in Shanghai during the summer and winter of 2023, and compared the results with Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data. Dual-azimuth scanning revealed a generally consistent trend in gas concentrations (r > 0.95), but concentrations at 90° were higher than those at 0°, especially near the surface. This suggests that averaging multiple azimuth angles is necessary to better represent regional pollution levels. During the observation period, diurnal patterns revealed that NO2 exhibited a “double peak” in the morning and evening, which was more pronounced in the summer, while HCHO peaked between 13:00 and 15:00. Comparisons with the TROPOMI data demonstrated overall good agreement. However, the probability of TROPOMI’s NO2 and HCHO measurements being lower than those of MAX-DOAS was 80% and 62.5%, respectively. Furthermore, TROPOMI tended to overestimate at high concentrations, with overestimation reaching 41.14% for NO2 when exceeding 9.54 × 1015 molecules/cm2 and 25.93% for HCHO when exceeding 1.26 × 1016 molecules/cm2. Sensitivity analysis of the sampling distance (0–40 km) between TROPOMI samples and the ground-based site, and the sampling time (±5 to ±60 min) relative to the TROPOMI overpass, revealed that using a sampling distance of 15–25 km for NO2 and 10–20 km for HCHO, along with appropriately shortening sampling times in the winter and extending them in the summer, can effectively enhance the consistency between satellite and ground-based observations. These findings not only reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of regional pollutants but optimize the sampling time and distance parameters for satellite–ground observation validation, providing data support for improving and enhancing the accuracy of satellite retrieval algorithms.
Dual-Function Radar Communications: A Secure Optimization Approach Using Partial Group Successive Interference Cancellation
Authors: Chai Mengqiu , Zhao Shengjie , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2025

As one of the promising technologies of 6G, dual-function radar communication (DFRC) integrates communication and radar sensing networks. However, with the application and deployment of DFRC, its security problem has become a significantly important issue. In this paper, we consider the physical layer security of a DFRC system where the base station communicates with multiple legitimate users and simultaneously detects the sensing target of interest. The sensing target is also a potential eavesdropper wiretapping the secure transmission. To this end, we proposed a secure design based on partial group successive interference cancellation through fully leveraging the split messages and partially decoding to improve the rate increment of legitimate users. In order to maximize the radar echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we formulate an optimization problem of beamforming and consider introducing new variables and relaxing the problem to solve the non-convexity of the problem. Then, we propose a joint secure beamforming and rate optimization algorithm to solve the problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design in improving the sensing and secrecy performance of the considered DFRC system.
Pyramid Fine and Coarse Attentions for Land Cover Classification from Compact Polarimetric SAR Imagery
Authors: Taleghanidoozdoozan Saeid , Xu Linlin , Clausi David A.
Published: January 2025

Land cover classification from compact polarimetry (CP) imagery captured by the launched RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) is important but challenging due to class signature ambiguity issues and speckle noise. This paper presents a new land cover classification method to improve the learning of discriminative features based on a novel pyramid fine- and coarse-grained self-attention transformer (PFC transformer). The fine-grained dependency inside a non-overlapping window and coarse-grained dependencies between non-overlapping windows are explicitly modeled and concatenated using a learnable linear function. This process is repeated in a hierarchical manner. Finally, the output of each stage of the proposed method is spatially reduced and concatenated to take advantage of both low- and high-level features. Two high-resolution (3 m) RCM CP SAR scenes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it to other state-of-the-art deep learning methods. The results show that the proposed approach achieves an overall accuracy of 93.63%, which was 4.83% higher than the best comparable method, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach for land cover classification from RCM CP SAR images.
Efficient Limb Range of Motion Analysis from a Monocular Camera for Edge Devices
Authors: Yan Xuke , Zhang Linxi , Liu Bo , Qu Guangzhi
Published: January 2025

Traditional limb kinematic analysis relies on manual goniometer measurements. With computer vision advancements, integrating RGB cameras can minimize manual labor. Although deep learning-based cameras aim to offer the same ease as manual goniometers, previous approaches have prioritized accuracy over efficiency and cost on PC-based devices. Nevertheless, healthcare providers require a high-performance, low-cost, camera-based tool for assessing upper and lower limb range of motion (ROM). To address this, we propose a lightweight, fast, deep learning model to estimate a human pose and utilize predicted joints for limb ROM measurement. Furthermore, the proposed model is optimized for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices, balancing accuracy and the benefits of edge computing like cost-effectiveness and localized data processing. Our model uses a compact neural network architecture with 8-bit quantized parameters for enhanced memory efficiency and reduced latency. Evaluated on various upper and lower limb tasks, it runs 4.1 times faster and is 15.5 times smaller than a state-of-the-art model, achieving satisfactory ROM measurement accuracy and agreement with a goniometer. We also conduct an experiment on a Raspberry Pi, illustrating that the method can maintain accuracy while reducing equipment and energy costs. This result indicates the potential for deployment on other edge devices and provides the flexibility to adapt to various hardware environments, depending on diverse needs and resources.
An Effective Single-Station Cooperative Node Localization Technique Using Multipath Spatiotemporal Information
Authors: Bai Di , Li Xinran , Zhou Lingyun , Yang Chunyong , Cui Yongqiang , Bai Liyun , Chen Yunhao
Published: January 2025

Precise cooperative node localization is essential for the application of multifunctional integrated radio frequency (RF) sensor networks in military and civilian domains. Most geometric localization methods commonly rely on observation data from multiple receiving nodes or anchor points with known positions and synchronized clocks, producing complex system architectures and high construction costs. To address this, our paper proposes an effective single-station cooperative node localization technique, where the observation station only requires two antennas for operation. Leveraging prior knowledge of the geometry of surrounding structures, multiple virtual stations (VSs) are constructed by mining the spatiotemporal information contained in the multipath components (MPCs) to realize target positioning. The proposed method consists of two steps. In the first step, an unambiguous dual-antenna direction-finding algorithm is designed to extract the spatial information of MPCs and construct VSs, allowing a preliminary estimate of the source position (SP). In the second step, the path delays are extracted via matched filtering, while the spatiotemporal information is correlated based on the energy distribution for a more precise SP estimation. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves high-precision single-station localization for a collaborative node, with positioning accuracy typically within 0.1 m.
Exploring Trends and Clusters in Human Posture Recognition Research: An Analysis Using CiteSpace
Authors: Yan Lichuan , Du You
Published: January 2025

This study delves into interdisciplinary research directions in human posture recognition, covering vision-based and non-vision-based methods. Visually analyzing 3066 core research papers published from 2011 to 2024 with CiteSpace software reveals knowledge structures, research topics, key documents, trends, and institutional contributions. In-depth citation analysis identified 1200 articles and five significant research clusters. Findings show that in recent years, deep learning and sensor-based methods have dominated, significantly improving recognition accuracy, like the deep learning-based posture recognition method achieving 99.7% verification set accuracy with a 20-ms delay in a controlled environment. Logarithmic growth analysis of annual publications, supported by logistic model fitting, indicates the field’s maturation since 2011, with a shift from early simple applications of traditional and deep learning algorithms to integrating interdisciplinary approaches for problem-solving as the field matures and a predicted decline in future breakthroughs. By integrating indicators like citation bursts, degree centrality, and sigma, the research identifies interdisciplinary trends and key innovation directions, showing a transition from traditional to deep learning and multi-sensor data fusion methods. The integration of biomechanics principles with engineering technologies highlights new research paths. Overall, this study offers a systematic overview to identify gaps, trends, and innovation directions, facilitating future research and providing a roadmap for innovation in human posture recognition.
MEMS Pressure Sensors with Novel TSV Design for Extreme Temperature Environments
Authors: Ghanam Muhannad , Woias Peter , Goldschmidtböing Frank
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a manufacturing process based on industrial MEMS technology, enabling the production of diverse sensor designs customized for a wide range of absolute pressure measurements. Using monocrystalline silicon as the structural material minimizes thermal stresses and eliminates temperature-dependent semiconductor effects, as silicon functions solely as a mechanical material. Integrating a eutectic bonding process in the sensor fabrication allows for a reliable operation at temperatures up to 350 °C. The capacitive sensor electrodes are enclosed within a silicon-based Faraday cage, ensuring effective shielding against external electrostatic interference. An innovative Through-Silicon Via (TSV) design, sealed using gold–gold (Au-Au) diffusion and gold–silicon (Au-Si) eutectic bonding, further enhances the mechanical and thermal stability of the sensors, even under high-temperature conditions. The unfilled TSV structure mitigates mechanical stress from thermal expansion. The sensors exhibited excellent performance, achieving a linearity of 99.994%, a thermal drift of −0.0164% FS (full scale)/K at full load and 350 °C, and a high sensitivity of 34 fF/kPa. These results highlight the potential of these sensors for high-performance applications across various demanding environments.