bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lembaga Pendidikan Pesantren di Indonesia
Authors: Pither Muhammad Arif
Published: January 2023

Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions that have a long and unique history. Historically, pesantren are among the earliest Islamic education and still survive today. Unlike the educational institutions that emerged later, pesantren have been very instrumental in producing cadres of scholars, and then playing an active role in the spread of Islam and the transfer of knowledge. However, in the development of pesantren, it has undergone a transformation that allows it to lose its identity if its traditional values are not preserved. Because of its uniqueness, pesantren exist in various situations and conditions and it is almost certain that this institution, even though it is in very simple circumstances and has various characteristics, will never die. Likewise all the components in it such as the kyai or ustad and the santri always dedicate themselves to the continuity of the pesantren, of course this cannot be measured by the standards of the modern education system where teaching staff are paid, because of their hard work, payment is in material form. In this way, pesantren cannot be separated from the Indonesian national education system. This paper describes Islamic boarding schools in the national education system which includes studies on: Islamic boarding schools between madrasas and schools, patterns of curriculum development in Islamic boarding schools and the policies of the department of religion in Islamic boarding schools development.
Development of a prediction model for the behavior of bolted structure with an elastic part joint based on metamodel approach
Authors: Haiek Mohammed , Lakhal Yassine , Ben Said , El Ansari , Sarsri Driss
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to establish a metamodel for predicting the mechanical behavior of bolted structures with elastic parts, regardless the changes in input parameters from a set of simulation data. First, we collect information from a parametric analysis based on numerical finite element simulation tests. Then, the metamodel is built using the radial spline basis function method. Following that, an iterative fitting process based on the metamodel-simulation coupling is used to improve the model's fidelity. Finally, the metamodel is validated by comparing and analysing the error rate between the metamodel and the simulation in order to reduce the computation time towards 2 seconds.
Algunas consideraciones sobre familia y sucesión en una sociedad de frontera (Tortosa, siglos XII y XIII)
Authors: PACHECO CATALÁN Núria
Published: January 2023

This essay analyses some of the regulatory provisions regarding family and inheritance that were applied in Tortosa after the feudal conquest in 1148. On one hand, the Liber Iudiciorum, which follows Germanic law, and on the other, the Costums of Tortosa, a Common law corpus which was compiled in the last third of the 13th century. It was based on the Costums of Valencia, and these on the Roman Law. The essay’s aim is to analyse the main characteristics of each book and, subsequently, to trace their implementation on documentation from Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa. This has allowed to point an early cohabitation, as well as the later widespread triumph of Common law.

En este artículo se analizan algunas disposiciones normativas sobre familia y sucesión vigentes en Tortosa tras la conquista feudal de 1148: por una parte, el Liber Iudiciorum, de tradición germánico-hispánica, por la otra, las Costums de Tortosa, un corpus compilado en la década de los 70 del siglo XIII, basado en las Costums de Valencia (1238) y estas, a su vez, en el derecho romano de recepción. El objetivo es analizar las principales características de cada códice para, posteriormente, rastrear su aplicación en las escrituras notariales del Diplomatari de la Catedral de Tortosa. El estudio documental ha permitido constatar la convivencia inicial entre ambas tradiciones jurídicas en una sociedad de frontera como Tortosa, así como la generalización del derecho común.
Muriel Sidnoma Ouédraogo, Nakougou Moϊ-Bohm Biatougou, Nomtondo Amina Ouédraogo, Angèle Ouangré/Ouédraogo, Gilbert Patrice Marie Louis Tapsoba, Adama Traoré, Fatimata Cissé, Nina Korsaga/Somé, Pascal Niamba, Jacques Simporé, Adama Traoré
Authors: Ouédraogo Muriel Sidnoma , Biatougo akougou Moϊ-Bohm , Ouédraogo Nomtondo Amina , Ouangré/Ouédraogo Angèle , Tapsoba Gilbert Patrice Marie Louis , Traoré Adama , Cissé Fatimata , Korsaga/Somé Nina , Niamba Pascal , Simporé Jacques , Traoré Adama
Published: January 2023

Kaposi’s sarcoma is a multifocal angiogenic tumor disease whose principal causal agent is human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). Herein, we report a rare case of iatrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma developing during oral corticotherapy. A 76-year-old, HIV-negative male presented with papulous, angiomatous lesions on the trunk and limbs, which appeared three months after the beginning of oral corticotherapy for bullous pemphigoid. We suspected iatrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma given the time to lesion onset in relation to the immunosuppressive treatment, together with histological and virological confirmation of HHV-8. The lesions began to subside when corticosteroids were tapered down to 10 mg/day. This was the first case reported in our setting and it emphasized the need for the rigorous monitoring of patients receiving immunosuppressants to avoid overlooking the side effects or rare complications of these treatments. Key words: Kaposi’s sarcoma; Oral corticotherapy; HHV-8; Bullous pemphigoid
Iatrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma in the anovulvar area
Authors:   Dermatology and Venereology Department, Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco, Abdelmouttalib Asmae , Soumaya Hamich , Meziane Mariame , Ismaili Nadia , Benzekri Leila , Senouci Karima
Published: January 2023

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an indolent angioproliferative tumor that depends on viral replication (HHV-8) and inflammatory cytokines produced by infected immune and endothelial cells [1]. It is a multifocal disease, with its evolutionary spectrum varying from a locoregional “indolent” form to a disseminated and fulminant form. KS lesions are rarely limited to unusual mucocutaneous areas. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of iatrogenic KS confined to the female external genitalia. Herein, we report the first case of iatrogenic KS restricted to the vulva and anus in an HIV-negative patient.
Intralesional measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in recurrent common warts: A placebo-controlled study
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India, Jartarkar Shishira R , Kadnur Manjunath , Babu Spoorthy , Swayamsidda Mishra
Published: January 2023

Background: Cutaneous warts cause immense an burden to patients as well as physicians. Although most resolve spontaneously within two years, treatment is sought for pain alleviating and cosmetic reasons. Various modalities of treatment are known. The destructive methods are unsuitable for multiple warts and are associated with chances of recurrence, scarring, and pain. In contrast, immunotherapy boosts the host immune response against the virus and helps in clearance, even in distant warts, without scars or physical change. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of intralesional MMR vaccine in multiple recurrent common warts. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients with recurrent common warts were divided equally into two groups. In group one, 0.5 mL of the MMR vaccine and, in group two, 0.5 mL of normal saline were injected intralesionally into the base of the largest wart. The sessions were repeated once in two weeks for a maximum of four sessions. The patients were followed up for twelve months to detect recurrences. Results: Complete clearance of warts was noted in 75.76% (n = 25) of the patients in the study group, whereas, in the control group, 78.79% (n = 26) patients showed no response. The result was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Intralesional MMR is a safe and effective treatment option for recurrent common warts with minimal side effects. Key words: viral warts; intralesional MMR vaccine; immunotherapy
Antecedents and Consequences of Conspicuous Sport Consumption
Authors: Kim Yukyoum , Hwang Sun Hwan , Magnusen Marshall
Published: January 2023

Conspicuous consumption is when consumers acquire luxury goods and services to help publicly demonstrate their desired economic and social status. Even though conspicuous consumption can help individuals experience social distinction and a heightened sense of self-esteem, much still needs to be known about this occurrence in the context of sport. Accordingly, the focus of this study was to examine antecedents (i.e., Expertise and Self-esteem) and outcomes (i.e., Satisfaction and Subjective Well-being) of conspicuous consumption of upscale sport goods. An empirical study was conducted with cyclists (n = 393). The research model was analyzed using simultaneous equations analysis. Expertise was shown to have the largest impact on Satisfaction whereas Conspicuous Consumption had no impact on Satisfaction. Self-esteem was shown to have the largest influence on Subjective Well-being. Satisfaction also had a significant effect. However, the influence of Expertise on Subjective Well-being was not significant.
Under Construction: Toward a Theory and Praxis of Queer Peacebuilding
Authors: Ritholtz Samuel , Serrano-Amaya José Fernando , Hagen Jamie J. , Judge Melanie
Published: January 2023

This article explores what queer as a concept brings to peacebuilding, presenting a guiding framework and introduction for a special issue on queer peacebuilding. It offers an initial approach to the topic, which means to center queer and trans perspectives of peace and bring queer epistemologies to bear on how peace is constituted so as to rearticulate the concept both in theory and praxis. In doing so, it addresses an unexamined gap in peacebuilding efforts to achieve gender justice and inclusive security in conflict-affected societies, namely the unique experiences of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer) individuals and their collective efforts to achieve social justice in these contexts. The authors approach the topic of queer peacebuilding through three questions: What is queer peacebuilding?, ‘Why is queer peacebuilding important? and What can queer peacebuilding contribute? While the impacts of queer peacebuilding in sites of contentious politics around the globe are visible, it remains an emergent and somewhat elusive concept, still under construction within peace and security scholarship and practice. By presenting a conceptualization of the notion of queer peacebuiling, the authors seek to further academic efforts to construct and analyze queer peace.
Narrativa cuir, experiência estética e política na luta pela paz: notas sobre o curta-metragem Negrum3
Authors: Mendes de Barros Laan , Wlian Luiz Fernando
Published: January 2023

The contemporary Brazilian context offers a growing artistic and cultural production, generated by LGBTQIA+ subjects, which disputes narratives and sensitivity, and suggests new ways of being in the social world. This article looks at how such artistic-cultural production can bring critiques and contributions on peacebuilding. The article questions how to think peacebuilding from queer perspectives: it confronts peacebuilding with dissident critiques, in order to think a possible idea of queer peace. This is proposed through the aesthetic experience, in articulations between affection and politics that mobilize relations of recognition and otherness, from a sensitive perception of the discourses of resistance and affirmation of existence. To conduct an analysis that values culture —and its aesthetic and sensitive character— as a relevant field for research in the social and political sciences, we discuss the short film Negrum3 by filmmaker Diego Paulino. This audiovisual object is analyzed through a brief historical incursion, which presents a picture of LGBTQIA+ public policies in Brazil and their possible bridges with an idea of peacebuilding, and a theoretical reflection that contrasts decolonial theories with figures from the European academia. Thus, we reflect on how a queer peace can be built in the dimension of aesthetic experience, which is also political, and allows us to imagine and enable new forms of life. Our conclusion is that queer peace is a challenging conception, which retains its challenges and is based on a critique of hegemonic and institutionalized apprehensions of peace. In this sense, the artistic-cultural production, with its aesthetic approaches, appears as an inventive path. The originality of the article consists in its articulation of queer theories and, above all, of aesthetic and political practices, to think about peacebuilding in Brazil’s social reality.
(En)gendering Peace: A Queer Feminist Analysis of South Africa’s (2020-2025) National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security
Authors: Pinheiro Gabriela
Published: January 2023

This research paper presents a queer feminist analysis of gendered discourses in South Africa’s (SA) (2020-2025) National Action Plan (NAP) on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS). It builds on an extensive field of WPS scholarship by using the case study of SA’s NAP to illustrate how policy can be used to harness critical gendered language and create possibilities for radical (re)imaginings of gendered peace. While a considerable knowledge base that explores the gendered discourses of NAPs on WPS already exists, a key gap in the literature —that has only more recently begun to be explored with greater rigor— is the bridging of queer and feminist theories to further push the boundaries of discursive policy analysis. Against this backdrop, feminist critical discourse analysis (CDA) was applied to the NAP case study to surface dominant and counter-discourses on gender and their possible inclusionary/exclusionary effects. Key findings centre the potential value of policy discourses which, in their fragmentation, ruptures, continuities and ambivalences, can facilitate opportunities for queer peace at the instrumental level and beyond.
Awake craniotomy removal of a corticospinal tract developmental venous anomaly hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Barrenechea Ignacio J. , Márquez Luis M. , Cortadi Vanina A. , Rojas Héctor P , Ingledew Robin
Published: January 2023

Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are composed of mature venous vessels that lack malformed or neoplastic elements. Although the hemorrhage risk is considered negligible, some patients may have neurological symptoms attributable to acute infarction or intracranial hemorrhage secondary to thrombosis, in the absence of a coexisting cavernous malformation. We report the case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with acute left-hand paresis secondary to a subcortical hemorrhage. This bleeding originated from a DVA in the corticospinal tract area and was surgically drained through an awake craniotomy. To accomplish this, we used a trans-precentral sulcus approach. After the complete removal of the coagulum, small venous channels appeared, which were coagulated. No associated cavernoma was found. Although the main DVA trunk was left patent, no signs of ischemia or venous infarction were observed after coagulating the small venous channels found inside the hematoma cavity. Two weeks after the procedure, the patient’s hand function improved, and he was able to resume desktop work. DVA-associated hemorrhage within the cortico-spinal tract could be safely removed with modern awake mapping techniques. This technique allowed the patient to rapidly improve his hand function.
A selective approach to stemming for minimizing the risk of failure in information retrieval systems
Authors: Göksel Gökhan , Arslan Ahmet , Dinçer Bekir Taner
Published: January 2023

Stemming is supposed to improve the average performance of an information retrieval system, but in practice, past experimental results show that this is not always the case. In this article, we propose a selective approach to stemming that decides whether stemming should be applied or not on a query basis. Our method aims at minimizing the risk of failure caused by stemming in retrieving semantically-related documents. The proposed work mainly contributes to the IR literature by proposing an application of selective stemming and a set of new features that derived from the term frequency distributions of the systems in selection. The method based on the approach leverages both some of the query performance predictors and the derived features and a machine learning technique. It is comprehensively evaluated using three rule-based stemmers and eight query sets corresponding to four document collections from the standard TREC and NTCIR datasets. The document collections, except for one, include Web documents ranging from 25 million to 733 million. The results of the experiments show that the method is capable of making accurate selections that increase the robustness of the system and minimize the risk of failure (i.e., per query performance losses) across queries. The results also show that the method attains a systematically higher average retrieval performance than the single systems for most query sets.
Solving optimization problems simultaneously: the variants of the traveling salesman problem with time windows using multifactorial evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Ban Ha-Bang , Pham Dang-Hai
Published: January 2023

We studied two problems called the Traveling Repairman Problem (TRPTW) and Traveling Salesman Problem (TSPTW) with time windows. The TRPTW wants to minimize the sum of travel durations between a depot and customer locations, while the TSPTW aims to minimize the total time to visit all customers. In these two problems, the deliveries are made during a specific time window given by the customers. The difference between the TRPTW and TSPTW is that the TRPTW takes a customer-oriented view, whereas the TSPTW is server-oriented. Existing algorithms have been developed for solving two problems independently in the literature. However, the literature does not have an algorithm that simultaneously solves two problems. Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm (MFEA) is a variant of the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), aiming to solve multiple factorial tasks simultaneously. The main advantage of the approach is to allow transferrable knowledge between tasks. Therefore, it can improve the solution quality for multitasks. This article presents an efficient algorithm that combines the MFEA framework and Randomized Variable Neighborhood Search (RVNS) to solve two problems simultaneously. The proposed algorithm has transferrable knowledge between tasks from the MFEA and the ability to exploit good solution space from RVNS. The proposed algorithm is compared directly to the state-of-the-art MFEA on numerous datasets. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art MFEA in many cases. In addition, it finds several new best-known solutions.
Distribution, conservation status and proposed measures for preservation of Radiodiscus microgastropods in Chile
Authors: Collado Gonzalo A. , Salvador Rodrigo B. , Vidal Marcela , Parra Aravena Fernanda , Delgado Vannia , Torres-Díaz Cristian
Published: January 2023

The genus Radiodiscus includes minute terrestrial snails occurring throughout the American continent. We assessed the conservation status of eight poorly known Chilean Radiodiscus species using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and NatureServe categories and criteria. Under the IUCN guidelines the species were assessed using the Criterion B of geographic range, which considers the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) as subcriteria. For NatureServe we used these two parameters plus the number of occurrences, ecological viability, and threats. Considering species rarity and possible sampling bias, we also used ecological niche modeling to determine climate and environmental tolerances and predict potential species distributions analyzing bioclimatic and geographical layers. Radiodiscus australis, R. coarctatus and R. quillajicola were listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN and NatureServe standards; R. coppingeri, R. flammulatus, R. magellanicus and R. villarricensis as Endangered by both methods; while R. riochicoensis as Endangered by IUCN standards and Vulnerable by NatureServe standards. Niche modeling results indicated that Radiodiscus species respond to different environmental conditions and that the predicted distribution areas contain suitable habitats beyond the current ranges, which may be helpful for future management plans. Nature-based sport tourism, forestry activities, urbanization, roads, pollution, mining, forest fires, livestock, volcanism, tsunamis, soil erosion and introduced species are among the major threats affecting these snails. Based on the low number of occurrences and the threats identified, the most at-risk species are R. coarctatus and R. quillajicola (one record), R. australis (two records) and R. villarricensis (three records); the latter two lacking occurrences within protected areas. Compiling our findings, we propose a list of actions to preserve Chilean Radiodiscus species.
Yield-based drought tolerance index evaluates the drought tolerance of cotton germplasm lines in the interaction of genotype-by-environment
Authors: Sun Fenglei , Chen Quanjia , Chen Qin , Jiang Menghui , Qu Yanying
Published: January 2023

Background

Cotton is an economically important crop in China, and drought has seriously affected cotton production. Understanding genetic variation, genotype ×environment interactions, and the associations between these traits is critical for developing improved cotton varieties with high drought tolerance.

Methods

To screen ideal drought-resistant cotton germplasm lines and excellent genotypes, the yield traits of 103 cotton germplasm lines were analyzed. Cotton resource material was planted under normal watering and water deficit conditions for three consecutive years. The yield traits under normal irrigation and water stress conditions were measured, and then five screening indicators were calculated based on the cotton yield per plant under the two water treatments to determine the ideal genotype and most accurate identification indicators.

Results

The results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and stress tolerance index (STI) were significantly positively correlated with yield under water stress and could be used to distinguish genotypes with high drought tolerance. Among the experimental germplasm lines, some had higher STI and GMP values, indicating their higher drought tolerance. This result indicates that best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) analysis of the STI and GMP under drought stress can effectively improve screening for drought tolerance in cotton germplasm lines. The results from the screening index, three-dimensional map, and genotype ×environment (GGE) biplots were consistent with the above results. We determined that CQJ-5, Xin lu zao 45, Bellsno, Zhong R 2016 and ND 359-5 are drought-tolerant genotypes that can be used to breed drought-tolerant germplasm lines that produce high and stable yields.
Computed tomography-based radiomics machine learning models for prediction of histological invasiveness with sub-centimeter subsolid pulmonary nodules: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Haochuan , Wang Shixiong , Deng Zhenkai , Li Yangli , Yang Yingying , Huang He
Published: January 2023

To improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnoses and avoid over- or undertreatment, we aimed to develop and compare computed tomography-based radiomics machine learning models for the prediction of histological invasiveness using sub-centimeter subsolid pulmonary nodules. Three predictive models based on radiomics were built using three machine learning classifiers to discriminate the invasiveness of the sub-centimeter subsolid pulmonary nodules. A total of 203 sub-centimeter nodules from 177 patients were collected and assigned randomly to the training set (n = 143) or test set (n = 60). The areas under the curve of the predictive models were 0.743 (95% confidence interval CI [0.661–0.824]) for the logistic regression, 0.828 (95% CI [0.76–0.896]) for the support vector machine, and 0.917 (95% CI [0.869–0.965]) for the XGBoost classifier models in the training set, and 0.803 (95% CI [0.694–0.913]), 0.726 (95% CI [0.598–0.854]), and 0.874 (95% CI [0.776–0.972]) in the test set, respectively. In addition, the decision curve showed that the XGBoost model added more net benefit within the range of 0.06 to 0.93.
CMTM6 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and can be used as a biomarker of a poor diagnosis
Authors: Jia Daqi , Xiong Li , Xue Honggang , Li Jidong
Published: January 2023

Background

CMTM6 which is chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like Marvel transmembrane domain containing family member 6 is involved in the occurrence and progression of various tumors. However, the role of CMTM6 is still unclear in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

Immunohistochemical, Western blotting and RT‒PCR methods were used to detect the expression of CMTM6 in LUAD. Cox regression and the Kaplan‒Meier method were performed to assess overall survival. Immunogenic features were evaluated according to immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoints. The sensitivity to chemotherapy agents was estimated using the pRRophetic package.

Results

In LUAD, the expression of CMTM6 was obviously upregulated and was significantly associated with T stage (p = 0.008) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that CMTM6 was a specialty prognostic risk factor. Based on GSEA enrichment analysis, we found that high expression of CMTM6 is associated with multiple immune signaling pathways. The group with high CMTM6 expression showed a positive association with various types of tumor-infiltrating cells. Moreover, a total of 36 chemotherapeutic drugs were significantly correlated with the expression of CMTM6. Among them, two chemotherapeutic drugs had better therapeutic effects in the high CMTM6 expression group, while 34 chemotherapeutic drugs had therapeutic effects in the low CMTM6 expression group.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that CMTM6 is highly expressed in LUAD and is a new independent poor prognostic factor. In addition, the high expression of CMTM6 is closely related to the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy, providing new ideas for the treatment of posterior LUAD.
La subparticipación: un caso de sociedad sin personalidad jurídica en el código civil
Authors: Caballero Germain Guillermo
Published: January 2023

La tesis de este trabajo es que la subparticipación es una sociedad. La doctrina mayoritaria entiende que la sociedad forma necesariamente una persona jurídica distinta de los socios y, por consiguiente, la subparticipación no puede ser una sociedad. Esa noción restrictiva de sociedad, en nuestra opinión, no se ajusta a las reglas del Código Civil, que califican expresamente a la subparticipación como sociedad, aunque carezca de personalidad jurídica. La subparticipación como sociedad interna típica nos permite recuperar la sociedad puramente obligacional, largo tiempo olvidada por nuestra doctrina.
Pollen‐Inspired Shell–Core Aerosol Particles Capable of Brownian Motion for Pulmonary Vascularization
Authors: Chen Yanru , Chen Wei , Xiang Xiaowen , Deng Lianfu , Qian Jihong , Cui Wenguo , Chen Hao
Published: January 2023

Nebulization is the most widely used respiratory delivery technique with non‐invasive properties. However, nebulized drugs often fail to function due to the excretion and immune clearance of the respiratory system. In this work, inspired by pollen in nature, novel shell–core aerosol particles (APs) capable of Brownian motion are constructed for respiratory delivery. Drugs‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles are prepared by emulsification to form the inner core, and the membranes of macrophages are extracted to form the outer shell. The optimized size and the shell–core structure endow APs with Brownian motion and atomization stability, thus enabling the APs to reach the bronchi and alveoli deeply for effective deposition. Camouflaging the macrophage membranes equips the APs with immune evasion. In vitro experiments prove that deferoxamine (DFO)‐loaded APs (DFO@APs) can promote the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) model is constructed to validate the efficiency of DFO@APs. In BPD mice, DFO@APs can release DFO in the alveolar interstitium, thus promoting the reconstruction of microvasculature, ultimately inducing lung development for treating BPD. In conclusion, this study develops “pollen”‐inspired shell–core aerosol particles capable of Brownian motion, which provides a novel idea and theoretical basis for respiratory administration.
Revisiting Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Storage in Hard Carbon Anodes
Authors: Kim Hoseong , Hyun Jong Chan , Kim Do‐Hoon , Kwak Jin Hwan , Lee Jin Bae , Moon Joon Ha , Choi Jaewon , Lim Hee‐Dae , Yang Seung Jae , Jin Hyeong Min , Ahn Dong June , Kang Kisuk , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Yun Young Soo
Published: January 2023

The galvanostatic lithiation/sodiation voltage profiles of hard carbon anodes are simple, with a sloping drop followed by a plateau. However, a precise understanding of the corresponding redox sites and storage mechanisms is still elusive, which hinders further development in commercial applications. Here, a comprehensive comparison of the lithium‐ and sodium‐ion storage behaviors of hard carbon is conducted, yielding the following key findings: 1) the sloping voltage section is presented by the lithium‐ion intercalation in the graphitic lattices of hard carbons, whereas it mainly arises from the chemisorption of sodium ions on their inner surfaces constituting closed pores, even if the graphitic lattices are unoccupied; 2) the redox sites for the plateau capacities are the same as those for the closed pores regardless of the alkali ions; 3) the sodiation plateau capacities are mostly determined by the volume of the available closed pore, whereas the lithiation plateau capacities are primarily affected by the intercalation propensity; and 4) the intercalation preference and the plateau capacity have an inverse correlation. These findings from extensive characterizations and theoretical investigations provide a relatively clear elucidation of the electrochemical footprint of hard carbon anodes in relation to the redox mechanisms and storage sites for lithium and sodium ions, thereby providing a more rational design strategy for constructing better hard carbon anodes.
Light‐Induced Mott‐Insulator‐to‐Metal Phase Transition in Ultrathin Intermediate‐Spin Ferromagnetic Perovskite Ruthenates
Authors: Liu Ruxin , Si Liang , Niu Wei , Zhang Xu , Chen Zhongqiang , Zhu Changzheng , Zhuang Wenzhuo , Chen Yongda , Zhou Liqi , Zhang Chunchen , Wang Peng , Song Fengqi , Tang Lin , Xu Yongbing , Zhong Zhicheng , Zhang Rong , Wang Xuefeng
Published: January 2023

Light control of emergent quantum phenomena is a widely used external stimulus for quantum materials. Generally, perovskite strontium ruthenate SrRuO3 has an itinerant ferromagnetism with a low‐spin state. However, the phase of intermediate‐spin (IS) ferromagnetic metallic state has never been seen. Here, by means of UV‐light irradiation, a photocarrier‐doping‐induced Mott‐insulator‐to‐metal phase transition is shown in a few atomic layers of perovskite IS ferromagnetic SrRuO3−δ. This new metastable IS metallic phase can be reversibly regulated due to the convenient photocharge transfer from SrTiO3 substrates to SrRuO3−δ ultrathin films. These dynamical mean‐field theory calculations further verify such photoinduced electronic phase transformation, owing to oxygen vacancies and orbital reconstruction. The optical manipulation of charge‐transfer finesse is an alternative pathway toward discovering novel metastable phases in strongly correlated systems and facilitates potential light‐controlled device applications in optoelectronics and spintronics.
Progress in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo‐Fused Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds from Benzoic Acids
Authors: Yang Xiao , Sun Rui
Published: January 2023

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed oxidative annulation reactions can be used to synthesize various benzo‐fused oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds from benzoic acids. This review deals with publications from the past 15 years that focus on modifications of reaction conditions and variations of coupling reagents to this end, as well as the development of methods characterized by sustainability, a broad range of substrates, and a high tolerance of functional groups in constructing heterocyclic skeletons that are commonly found in drugs and bioactive molecules. This review summarizes and categorizes the annulation mechanisms with various coupling reagents.

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Multistate Structural Switching of [3]Catenanes with Cyclic Porphyrin Dimers by Complexation with Amine Ligands
Authors: Oka Yuki , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun
Published: January 2023

Catenanes with multistate switchable properties are promising components for next‐generation molecular machines and supramolecular materials. Herein, we report a ligand‐controlled switching method, a novel method for the multistate switching of catenanes controlled by complexation with added amine ligands. To verify this method, a [3]catenane comprising cyclic porphyrin dimers with a rigid π‐system has been synthesized. Owing to the rigidity, the relative positions among the cyclic components of the [3]catenane can be precisely controlled by complexation with various amine ligands. Moreover, ligand‐controlled multistate switching affects the optical properties of the [3]catenanes: the emission intensity can be tuned by modulating the sizes and coordination numbers of integrated amine ligands. This work shows the utility of using organic ligands for the structural switching of catenanes, and will contribute to the further development of multistate switchable mechanically interlocked molecules.
Homochirale versus heterochirale dimere helikale Foldamerbündel: chlorierte Lösungsmittel‐abhängige Selbstsortierung
Authors: Menke Friedericke S. , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan
Published: January 2023

Aromatische Oligoamidsequenzen, die von selbst helikale Strukturen bilden, wurden so modifiziert, dass sie an ihrer Außenseite Wasserstoffbrückendonatoren und ‐akzeptoren in linearer Anordnung aufweisen. Sequenzen wurden durch Festphasensynthese hergestellt. Untersuchungen in Lösung mittels 1H NMR ‐Spektroskopie und im Festkörper via Kristallstrukturanalyse zeigten die Bildung stabiler, durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen vermittelter, dimerer Helixbündel, die entweder heterochiral (mit einer P‐ und einer M‐helix) oder homochiral (mit zwei P‐ oder zwei M‐Helices) sein können. Welches der beiden Aggregate quantitativ gebildet wird, kann durch die Wahl des verwendeten chlorierten Lösungsmittels – ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel von entweder sozialer oder narzisstischer chiraler Selbstsortierung – oder durch absolute Kontrolle der Helixhändigkeit bestimmt werden. Durch letzteres wird die Bildung von PM‐Spezies verhindert.
Single‐Atom Nickel on Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst Achieves Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with Water Protons via Monovalent Nickel
Authors: Jia Tongtong , Meng Di , Duan Ran , Ji Hongwei , Sheng Hua , Chen Chuncheng , Li Jikun , Song Wenjing , Zhao Jincai
Published: January 2023

Prospects in light‐driven water activation have prompted rapid progress in hydrogenation reactions. We describe a Ni2+−N4 site built on carbon nitride for catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes, with water supplying protons, powered by visible‐light irradiation. Importantly, the photocatalytic approach developed here enabled access to diverse deuterated alkenes in D2O with excellent deuterium incorporation. Under visible‐light irradiation, evolution of a four‐coordinate Ni2+ species into a three‐coordinate Ni+ species was spectroscopically identified. In combination with theoretical calculations, the photo‐evolved Ni+ is posited as HO−Ni+−N2 with an uncoordinated, protonated pyridinic nitrogen, formed by coupled Ni2+ reduction and water dissociation. The paired Ni−N prompts hydrogen liberation from water, and it renders desorption of alkene preferred over further hydrogenation to alkane, ensuring excellent semihydrogenation selectivity.
Guanidine Additive Enabled Intermolecularortho‐Phthalaldehyde‐Amine‐Thiol Three‐Component Reactions for Modular Constructions
Authors: Cheung Carina Hey Pui , Chong Tin Hang , Wei Tongyao , Liu Han , Li Xuechen
Published: January 2023

Recently,ortho‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) is experiencing a renascence for the modification of proteins and peptides through OPA‐amine two‐component reactions for bioconjugation and intramolecular OPA‐amine‐thiol three‐component reactions for cyclization. Historically, small thiol molecules were used in large excess to allow for the intermolecular OPA‐amine‐thiol reaction forming 1‐thio‐isoindole derivatives. In this study, we discovered that guanidine could serve as an effective additive to switch the intermolecular OPA‐amine‐thiol three‐component reaction to a stoichiometric process and enable the modular construction of peptide‐peptide, and peptide‐drug conjugate structures. Thus, 12 model peptide‐peptide conjugates have been synthesized from unprotected peptides featuring all proteinogenic residues. Besides, 6 peptide‐drug conjugates have been prepared in one step, with excellent conversions and isolated yields. In addition, a conjugate product has been further functionalized by utilizing a premodified OPA derivative, demonstrating the versatility and flexibility of this reaction.
Electrocrystallization Regulation Enabled Stacked Hexagonal Platelet Growth toward Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Shen Zeyu , Mao Jiale , Yu Guoping , Zhang Weidong , Mao Shulan , Zhong Wei , Cheng Hao , Guo Junze , Zhang Jiahui , Lu Yingying
Published: January 2023

Realizing durative flattened and dendrite‐free zinc (Zn) metal configuration is the key to resolving premature battery failure caused by the internal short circuit, which is highly determined by the crystal growth in the electrocrystallization process. Herein, we report that regulating the molecular structure of the inner Helmholtz plane (HIP) can effectively convert the deposition into activation control by weakening the solvated ion adsorption at the interface. The moderated electrochemical reaction kinetics lower than the adatom self‐diffusion rate steers conformal stratiform Zn growth and dominant Zn (0001) texture, achieving crystallographic optimization. Through in situ mediation of electrolyte engineering, orientational plating and stripping behaviors at edge‐sites and tailored solvation structure immensely improve the utilization efficiency and total charge passed of Zn metal, even under extreme conditions, including high areal capacity (3 mAh cm−2) and wide temperature range (−40–60 °C).
Pushing Differential Sensing Further: The Next Steps in Design and Analysis of Bio‐Inspired Cross‐Reactive Arrays
Authors: Fargher Hazel A. , d'Oelsnitz Simon , Diaz Daniel J. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: January 2023

Differential sensing is a technique that uses an array of cross‐reactive receptors to create a unique fingerprint to detect analytes. Over the past two decades significant progress in the field has highlighted the power of this approach, enabling detection with commercially available or synthetically simple sensors, discrimination of structurally similar and challenging analytes, and low concentration detection. In this Concept paper, we briefly review developments in the field and highlight areas for future exploration. We believe there is still much room to grow, particularly in designing biosensor arrays, achieving simultaneous quantification of multiple analytes (i. e., multiplexing), and implementation of more advanced machine learning algorithms in array response analysis.
Unclonable fluorescence of MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ nanocomposite for versatile applications in data security, dermatoglyphics
Authors: Swathi B. N. , Krushna B. R. Radha , Daruka Prasad B. , Sharma S. C. , Subramanian Balanehru , Nagabhushana H.
Published: January 2023

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are one among the most important types of evidences at crime scenes because of the distinctiveness and tenacity of the friction ridges in fingerprints (FPs). Therefore, it is essential in forensic science to develop a reliable method to detect LFPs. Traditional detection methods still face a number of difficulties, such as limited sensitivity, low contrast, strong background, and complex processing stages. In this study, MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (1–5 mol%) (MZ:Tb) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via a simple solution combustion (SC) method at low temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) investigation demonstrates that when excited at 379 nm, the produced NCs emits distinctive emission peaks of terbium ions (Tb3+). According to the photometric results, the NCs can be employed as warm light NCs and emit light in the green portion of the colour spectrum. The estimated optical band gap from diffuse reflectance spectra is found to be in the range 4.84–4.97 eV. Regardless of the type of surface being used, the optimized MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (4 mol%) (MZ:4Tb) NCs has a strong ability to minimize background fluorescence interference. With high contrast LFP and I–V type of cheiloscopy, these NCs present a flexible fluorescent mark for the identification of levels 1–3 details in forensic investigation.
Are brain MRI abnormalities associated with the semiology of functional seizures?
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Kerr Wesley T. , Karakis Ioannis , Kanemoto Kousuke , Daza‐Restrepo Anilu , Farazdaghi Mohsen , Horbatch Faith J. , Beimer Nicholas J. , Eliashiv Dawn E. , Risman Aida , Sugimoto Yuko , Giagante Brenda
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate whether radiologically apparent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities are associated with the functional seizure (FS) semiology.

Methods

All patients with a diagnosis of FS at the epilepsy centers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; University of Michigan, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, USA; and Hospital el Cruce, Argentina, were studied.

Results

One hundred patients were included; 77 (77%) had motor functional seizures. Lobar location of brain abnormality did not have an association with the semiology (p = .83). There was no significant difference between ictal behaviors in patients with frontal or parietal lesions compared to those with temporal or occipital lesions.

Conclusion

There were no associations between functional seizure ictal behaviors and locations of the radiologically apparent brain MRI abnormalities. Further studies are needed to evaluate the underpinnings of varying behaviors in FS.
Consider accommodation options for complex post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: January 2023

Complex post‐traumatic stress disorder is a new diagnostic category in the International Classification of Diseases‐11 released by the global World Health Organization in January of 2022.
Soccer match tragedy offers lessons for improving crowd management, safety
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: January 2023

In October 2022, Persebaya soccer club won a 3‐2 match over rival Arema in Malang, Indonesia. It was the first time Arema had lost to Persebava in 23 years; incensed fans stormed the pitch in a stampede that ended with tear gas and at least 125 dead.
Did court dismiss student's retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2023

A Fordham University student attended one of her courses virtually through Zoom. In one class, she informed the professor she was unwell and would be participating in class with her Zoom camera off. Later on, the professor directed the class to go into breakout sessions in Zoom. The student remained in the main Zoom session.
Evaluation of particle‐based smoothed particle hydrodynamics boundary handling approaches in computer animation
Authors: Akhunov Rustam , Winchenbach Rene , Kolb Andreas
Published: January 2023

Boundary handling is an important aspect of fluid simulation, and several boundary handling approaches exist in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which have individual strengths and weaknesses. However, comparing different boundary handling approaches is challenging as there is no common basis for evaluations, that is, no universal set of experiments with quantitative evaluation across different methods, especially within computer animation where many evaluations rely mainly on visual perception. This article proposes a set of experiments to aid the evaluation of the main categories of fluid‐boundary interactions that are important in computer animation, that is, no motion (resting) fluid, tangential and normal motion of a fluid with respect to the boundary, and a fluid impacting a corner. We propose ten experiments, comprising experimental setup and quantitative evaluation with optional visual inspections, that are arranged in four groups which focus on one of the main category of fluid‐boundary interactions. We use these experiments to evaluate three particle‐based boundary handling methods, that is, pressure mirroring, pressure boundaries, and moving least squares pressure extrapolation, in combination with two incompressible SPH fluid simulation methods, namely IISPH and DFSPH, to establish a quantifiable relation between different combinations of boundary handling with simulation approaches and the main categories of fluid‐boundary interactions. Finally, we summarize all results in a rating table and show how our experiments can be used to determine the promising method for specific requirements regarding a given constellation of fluid‐boundary interaction.
Cooperative Rare‐Earth/Lithium‐Mediated Conversion of White Phosphorus
Authors: You Qing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Fangjun , Cai Jiamin , Zhou Xigeng
Published: January 2023

The rare‐earth/lithium cooperative effect on functionalization of white phosphorus has been investigated. The reaction of diazabutadiene‐supported yttrium hydride chelated a LiPPh2 molecule (LY ⋅ THF)2(μ‐H)2[μ‐PPh2(Li)] (1, L=N,N’‐di(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,4‐diazabutadiene) with P4 gave two novel mixed Y/Li multinuclear polyphosphorus complexes (LY ⋅ THF)2[cyclo‐P3]Li(THF)3 (2) and [Li(THF)4]+[(LY ⋅ THF)3(norborane‐P7)Li(THF)]− (3), accompanied with the elimination of diphosphorus compound Ph2PPPh2 (4) and H2. However, the comparative reaction of yttrium hydride (LY ⋅ THF)2(μ‐H)2 with P4 afforded a trinuclear yttrium pyramid‐P4 complex (LY ⋅ THF)3(μ3‐P(PH)3) (5). Further investigations show that 5 cannot continuously react with LiPPh2 to form 2 and 3, and LiPPh2 reacted with P4 to form a Zintl‐P7 lithium complex (TMEDA⋅Li)3(Zintl‐P7) (6) and 4. These results indicated that the cooperation of Y/Li for activation of P4 is a key for the formation of 2 and 3. All new compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.