bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of NSAID use among people with COVID‐19 and the association with COVID‐19‐related outcomes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Huilei , Huang Shanshan , Huang Shan , Liu Fuwei , Shao Wen , Mei Kaibo , Ma Jianyong , Jiang Yuan , Wan Jingfeng , Zhu Wengen , Yu Peng , Liu Xiao
Published: August 2022

Aim

Recent reports of potential harmful effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have raised great concern.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and MedRxiv databases to examine the prevalence of NSAID use and associated COVID‐19 risk, outcomes and safety.

Results

Twenty‐five studies with a total of 101 215 COVID‐19 patients were included. Prevalence of NSAID use among COVID‐19 patients was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14‐23%, no. of studies [n] = 22) and NSAID use prior to admission or diagnosis of COVID‐19 was not associated with an increased risk of COVID‐19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.93, 95% CI 0.82‐1.06, I2 = 34%, n = 3), hospitalization (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.76‐1.48, I2 = 81%, n = 5), mechanical ventilation (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.47‐1.06, I2 = 38%, n = 4) or length of hospital stay. Moreover, prior use of NSAIDs was associated with a decreased risk of severe COVID‐19 (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.71‐0.89, I2 = 0%, n = 7) and death (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.52‐0.89, I2 = 85%, n = 10). Prior NSAID administration might also be associated with an increased risk of stroke (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.04‐5.2, I2 = 0%, n = 2), but not myocardial infarction (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.25‐8.92, I2 = 0, n = 2) and composite thrombotic events (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.66‐3.69, I2 = 52%, n = 2).

Conclusion

Based on current evidence, NSAID use prior to admission or diagnosis of COVID‐19 was not linked with increased odds or exacerbation of COVID‐19. NSAIDs might provide a survival benefit, although they might potentially increase the risk of stroke. Controlled trials are still required to further assess the clinical benefit and safety (e.g., stroke and acute renal failure) of NSAIDs in treating patients with COVID‐19.
Retrospective identification of new psychoactive substances in patient samples submitted for clinical drug analysis
Authors: Axelsson Magnus A. B. , Lövgren Hanna , Kronstrand Robert , Green Henrik , Bergström Moa Andresen
Published: August 2022

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are life threatening through unpredictable toxicity and limited analytical options for clinicians. We present the retrospective identification of NPS in raw data from a liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS)‐based multidrug panel analysis on 14 367 clinical oral fluid samples requested during 2019 mainly by psychiatric and addiction care clinics. Retrospectively analysed NPS included 48 notified originally in 2019 by the European Union Early Warning System (EU EWS) and 28 frequently reported in Sweden. Of 88 included NPS, 34 (mitragynine, flualprazolam, 3F/4F‐α‐P(i)HP, etizolam, 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA, cyproheptadine, 5F‐MDMB‐PICA, isotonitazene, isohexedrone, MDPEP, N‐ethylpentedrone, tianeptine, flubromazolam, 4′‐methylhexedrone, α‐P(i)HP, eutylone, mephedrone, N‐ethylhexedrone, 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA, ADB‐BUTINACA, 3‐methoxy PCP, 4F‐furanylfentanyl, 4F‐isobuturylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, clonazolam, norfludiazepam, 3F‐phenmetrazine, 3‐MMC, 4‐methylpentedrone, BMDP, ethylphenidate, methylone and α‐PVP) were identified as 219 findings in 84 patients. Eight NPS notified in 2019 were identified, five before EWS release. NPS occurred in 1.20% of all samples and 1.53% of samples containing traditional drugs, and in 1.87% of all patients and 2.88% of patients using traditional drugs. NPS use was more common in men and polydrug users. Legal (not scheduled) NPS were more used than comparable illegal ones. Retrospective identification could be useful when prioritizing NPS for clinical routine analysis and when studying NPS epidemiology.
Emotion regulation in 7‐year‐old children with familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to controls – The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study – VIA 7, a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Spang Katrine Søborg , Hagstrøm Julie , Ellersgaard Ditte , Christiani Camilla , Hemager Nicoline , Burton Birgitte Klee , Greve Aja Neergaard , Rohr Kirsten , Gantriis Ditte , Vangkilde Signe , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Obel Carsten , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Thorup Anne A. E.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Emotion regulation is a predictor of overall life outcome. Problems of emotion regulation are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders and could be a potential treatment target for improving well‐being and functioning. Children at familial high risk of severe mental illness have a markedly increased risk of various psychopathology and constitute a group at significant risk of emotion regulation problems. Investigations of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are sparse.

Methods

We applied an instrument for assessing emotion regulation, the Tangram Emotion Coding Manual (TEC‐M), to a population‐based cohort of 522 7‐year‐old children born to parents diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and matched controls. The TEC‐M is an ecologically valid, clinician‐rated observational test measure of spontaneous emotion regulation. We aimed to compare emotion regulation between risk groups and to investigate associations between emotion regulation and psychopathology and daily life functioning, and between emotion regulation and an acknowledged questionnaire‐based dysregulation profile.

Results

In this early developmental phase, we found no between group differences in emotion regulation. We found a significant but weak negative association between emotion regulation and both child psychopathology and the presence of a dysregulation profile on the Child Behavior Checklist and a weak positive association between emotion regulation and current level of functioning.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to the understanding of emotion regulation in familial high‐risk children and further studies of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are warranted.
Resistance to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Nakhoda Shazia , Vistarop Aldana , Wang Y. Lynn
Published: August 2022

Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have transformed the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. However, primary and acquired resistance to BTKi can be seen due to a variety of mechanisms including tumour intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms such as gene mutations, activation of bypass signalling pathways and tumour microenvironment. Herein, we provide an updated review of the key clinical data of BTKi treatment in CLL, mantle cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We incorporate the most recent findings regarding mechanisms of resistance to covalent and non‐covalent inhibitors, including ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib and pirtobrutinib. We also cover the clinical sensitivity of certain molecular subtypes of DLBCL to an ibrutinib‐containing regimen. Lastly, we summarise ongoing clinical investigations aimed at overcoming resistance via use of BTKi‐containing combined therapies or the novel non‐covalent BTKi. The review article targets an audience of clinical practitioners, clinical investigators and translational researchers.
Impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatch on outcomes after unrelated bone marrow transplantation in paediatric patients: A retrospective analysis by the JSTCT HLA working group
Authors: Kato Itaru , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Kato Shunichi , Sato Maho , Noguchi Maiko , Yoshida Nao , Koh Katsuyoshi , Koike Takashi , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Kato Keisuke , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Fujita Naoto , Sato Atsushi , Hashii Yoshiko , Tabuchi Ken , Atsuta Yoshiko , Morishima Satoko , Kanda Junya
Published: August 2022

The impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching at the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DRB1 loci after unrelated bone marrow transplantation in paediatric patients with haematological malignancies has not been fully examined. Here, we analysed patients with haematological malignancies (all aged ≤15 years; n = 1330) who underwent a first unrelated bone marrow transplantation between 1993 and 2017 in Japan. The results show that although an HLA mismatch was significantly associated with a low relapse rate, it was also associated with higher non‐relapse mortality. There was a significant association between HLA mismatch and low overall survival. Locus mismatch analysis revealed that, as in adults, an HLA‐C mismatch had a significant negative impact on survival; however, in paediatric patients, an HLA‐DRB1 mismatch did not have a negative impact, although these HLA mismatch effects are weakened in recent cases. Taken together, the results suggest that an HLA‐matched donor should be the first candidate for paediatric patients; however, for patients without a matched sibling or matched unrelated donor, we can select an unrelated donor with a mismatch at HLA‐DRB1 if available.
When stakeholders claim differently for diversity management: Adopting lesbian, gay and bisexual‐inclusive practices in Italy
Authors: Pulcher Simone , Guerci Marco , Köllen Thomas
Published: August 2022

In the United States, the adoption of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB)‐inclusive practices by companies is triggered primarily by pressures from activists who base their claims on a business case rationale for diversity; this has been studied mainly from a social movement perspective. In Europe, by contrast, diverse actors—not necessarily constituting a unified social movement—make a variety of arguments for more inclusion, based on a spectrum of rationales. To account for this variety, this article adopts a stakeholder approach, identifying two processes through which 14 ‘pioneering’ Italian business organizations have adopted such practices: a business‐driven process and an equality‐driven process. This article demonstrates how these processes are mutually exclusive, and how they differ in terms of rationales, actors involved and outcomes achieved.
Corporate codes of conduct and labour turnover in global apparel supply chains
Authors: Li Chunyun , Kuruvilla Sarosh
Published: August 2022

Research on private regulation of labour issues in global supply chains has focused extensively on whether supplier factories comply with the codes of conduct of global companies. Less is known about how such compliance relates to the preferences and behaviours of workers at export factories. This study analyses a unique dataset of factory audits matched with a survey of worker turnover rates from 622 factories in 28 countries supplying a large global apparel retailer. The results show that violations of the retailer's codes of conduct for suppliers are generally related to turnover, but that workers ‘vote with their feet’ primarily for violations of wages and benefits, relative to violations of other code provisions such as environment protection and safety standards. This ‘means‐ends’ decoupling between factory practices and worker preferences implies that global firms need to incorporate the livelihood logic that underlies workers' turnover decisions while implementing their private regulation programmes.
Mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining inflammation resolution: Therapeutic potential and the association with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zhang Jishou , Ding Wen , Zhao Mengmeng , Liu Jianfang , Xu Yao , Wan Jun , Wang Menglong
Published: August 2022

Efferocytosis is defined as the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) in physiological and pathological states and is performed by efferocytes, such as macrophages. Efferocytosis can lead to the resolution of inflammation and restore tissue homoeostasis; however, the mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining inflammation resolution are still not completely understood, and the effects of efferocytosis on other proresolving properties need to be explored and explained. In this review, the process of efferocytosis will be summarized briefly, and then these mechanisms and effects will be thoroughly discussed. In addition, the association between mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining resolution of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases will also be reviewed, as an understanding of this association may provide information on novel treatment targets.
Connective tissue disease and sarcoidosis: a true association or a secondary granulomatous reaction?
Authors: Steele Lloyd , Bickerstaff Maria , Jeetle Sharanpal , Sahota Anshoo , Maruthappu Thiviyani , Cunningham Malvina
Published: August 2022

Sarcoidosis occurs much more commonly in cohorts of connective tissue disease (1%) compared to the general population (0.01–0.04%). We present a case of concomitant connective tissue disease and cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas and discuss whether the observed granulomas represent a reactive phenomenon or true sarcoidosis.

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
A common intronic single nucleotide variant modifies PKD1 expression level
Authors: Zhang Zhengmao , Blumenfeld Jon , Ramnauth Andrew , Barash Irina , Zhou Pengbo , Levine Daniel , Parker Thomas , Rennert Hanna
Published: August 2022

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 (PKD1/2), has unexplained phenotypic variability likely affected by environmental and other genetic factors. Approximately 10% of individuals with ADPKD phenotype have no causal mutation detected, possibly due to unrecognized risk variants of PKD1/2. This study was designed to identify risk variants of PKD genes through population genetic analyses. We used Wright's F‐statistics (Fst) to evaluate common single nucleotide variants (SNVs) potentially favored by positive natural selection in PKD1 from 1000 Genomes Project (1KG) and genotyped 388 subjects from the Rogosin Institute ADPKD Data Repository. The variants with >90th percentile Fst scores underwent further investigation by in silico analysis and molecular genetics analyses. We identified a deep intronic SNV, rs3874648G> A, located in a conserved binding site of the splicing regulator Tra2‐β in PKD1 intron 30. Reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from an ADPKD patient homozygous for rs3874648‐A identified an atypical PKD1 splice form. Functional analyses demonstrated that rs3874648‐A allele increased Tra2‐β binding affinity and activated a cryptic acceptor splice‐site, causing a frameshift that introduced a premature stop codon in mRNA, thereby decreasing PKD1 full‐length transcript level. PKD1 transcript levels were lower in PBL from rs3874648‐G/A carriers than in rs3874648‐G/G homozygotes in a small cohort of normal individuals and patients with PKD2 inactivating mutations. Our findings indicate that rs3874648G > A is a PKD1 expression modifier attenuating PKD1 expression through Tra2‐β, while the derived G allele advantageously maintains PKD1 expression and is predominant in all subpopulations.
Biallelic frameshift variant in the TBC1D2B gene in two siblings with progressive gingival overgrowth, fibrous dysplasia of face, and mental deterioration
Authors: Correia‐Costa Gabriela Roldão , de Leeuw Nicole , Pfundt Rolph , Sgardioli Ilária Cristina , dos Santos Ana Paula , de Lima Santos Marilza , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera Lúcia , Vieira Társis Paiva
Published: August 2022

Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the TBC1D2B gene were recently reported as a cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth. Here, we report two male siblings with the similar clinical characteristics. They started with gingival overgrowth and bilateral growth of soft tissues in the malar region at 3 years of age, which evolved with significant maxillary hypertrophy and compression of the brainstem due to fibrous dysplasia of facial bones. After disease evolution, they presented with mental deterioration, limb tremors, and gait ataxia. One of them also presented with seizures. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel biallelic frameshift variant [c.595del; p.(Val199Trpfs*22)] in the TBC1D2B gene in both patients, which was confirmed and found in heterozygous state in each of their parents. There are strong similarities in clinical characteristics, age of onset, and evolution between the patients described here and cases reported in the literature, including cherubism‐like phenotype with progressive gingival overgrowth and seizures. This is the fourth family in the world in which a biallelic loss‐of‐function variant in the TBC1D2B gene is associated with this phenotype. These results support that loss of TBC1D2B is the cause of this rare condition.
Improved surgical outcomes following simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation in the contemporary era
Authors: Sharda Berjesh , Jay Colleen L. , Gurung Komal , Harriman David , Gurram Venkat , Farney Alan C. , Orlando Giuseppe , Rogers Jeffrey , Garner Matthew , Stratta Robert J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Complications leading to early technical failure have been the Achilles’ heel of simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation (SPKT). The study purpose was to analyze longitudinally our experience with early surgical complications following SPKT with an emphasis on changes in practice that improved outcomes in the most recent era.

Study design

Single center retrospective review of all SPKTs from 11/1/01 to 8/12/20 with enteric drainage. Early relaparotomy was defined as occurring within 3 months of SPKT. Patients were stratified into two sequential eras: Era 1 (E1): 11/1/01–5/30/13; Era 2 (E2) 6/1/13–8/12/20 based on changes in practice that occurred pursuant to donor age and pancreas cold ischemia time (CIT).

Results

255 consecutive SPKTs were analyzed (E1, n = 165; E2, n = 90). E1 patients received organs from older donors (mean E1 27.3 vs. E2 23.1 years) with longer pancreas cold CITs) (mean E1 16.1 vs. E2 13.3 h, both p < .05). E1 patients had a higher early relaparotomy rate (E1 43.0% vs. E2 14.4%) and were more likely to require allograft pancreatectomy (E1 9.1% vs. E2 2.2%, both p < .05). E2 patients underwent systemic venous drainage more frequently (E1 8% vs. E2 29%) but pancreas venous drainage did not influence either relaparotomy or allograft pancreatectomy rates. The most common indications for early relaparotomy in E1 were allograft thrombosis (11.5%) and peri‐pancreatic phlegmon/abscess (8.5%) whereas in E2 were thrombosis, pancreatitis/infection, and bowel obstruction (each 3%).

Conclusion

Maximizing donor quality (younger donors) and minimizing pancreas CIT are paramount for reducing early surgical complications following SPKT.
Perfusion and oxygenation in allografts with transplant renal artery stenosis: Evaluation with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Wei , Cheng Dongrui , Yu Yuanmeng , Wu Qianqian , Ni Xuefeng , Chen Jinsong , Zhang Longjiang , Wen Jiqiu
Published: August 2022

Background

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) has been shown to reduce kidney perfusion leading to post‐operative hypertension. We aimed to measure the perfusion and oxygenation changes in TRAS with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging, respectively.

Methods

In this single‐center prospective study, a total of seven patients with TRAS and seven age‐ and sex‐matched normal kidney transplant recipients underwent both ASL and BOLD imaging. Moreover, measurements of ASL and BOLD were also performed in five patients after successful angioplasty for TRAS.

Results

Allograft cortical perfusion as measured by ASL in the TRAS group was significantly decreased as compared with normal control group (129.9 ± 46.6 ml/100 g vs. 202.4 ± 47.7 ml/100 g, P = .01). Interestingly, allograft oxygenation as indicated by R2* derived from BOLD in both the cortex (16.42 ± 1.90 Hz vs. 18.25 ± 4.34 Hz, P = .33) and the medulla (30.34 ± 2.35 Hz vs. 30.43 ± 6.85 Hz, P = .97) showed no statistical difference between the TRAS and normal control group. In addition, both cortical and medullary oxygenation remained unchanged despite significantly improved cortical perfusion in those undergone successful angioplasty.

Conclusion

Cortical and medullary oxygenation were preserved in the presence of reduced allograft perfusion in clinically significant TRAS. Prospective larger studies are needed to conclusively establish perfusion and oxygenation changes in TRAS.
1030. AESCULUS CHINENSIS: Sapindaceae
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Yamanaka Masumi
Published: August 2022

The Chinese horse‐chestnut, Aesculus chinensis, is illustrated from a tree cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This tree was grown from seeds originally imported from China by Dr Purdom, from whom Kew obtained a plant. A detailed description accompanies this excellent illustration. The taxonomy, ecology, cytology and etymology are also discussed. The introduction of this species into western horticulture and methods of propagation and cultivation are given.
1038. IRIS JUNONIA: Iridaceae
Authors: Rix Martyn , Güner Adil , Mathew Brian , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew
Published: August 2022

Iris junonia Schott & Kotschy ex Schott, a wonderfully scented tall bearded iris, is illustrated; its ecology is described and its relationship to other bearded irises is discussed.
DISCOVERY, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE RARE PARASITIC PLANT SAPRIA HIMALAYANA (RAFFLESIACEAE) IN BHUTAN
Authors: Dorji Rinchen , Phuentsho  , Dechen Ugyen , Gyeltshen  , Samdrup Tshering , Dorji Kinley , Powrel Reta B. , Dorji Phub , Dhimal Krishna P. , Long David G.
Published: August 2022

Sapria himalayana Griff. (Rafflesiaceae) and its biology are described. Its distribution in Bhutan is mapped, taking into account recent records.
1032 ROSA MURIELAE: Rosaceae
Authors: Rix Martyn , King Christabel
Published: August 2022

Rosa murielaeRehder & Wilson, is illustrated. Its history, distribution in western China and relationships are discussed.
HARRIET ANN THISELTON‐DYER (1854–1945) A KEW BOTANICAL ARTIST
Authors: Rix Alison J.
Published: August 2022

The life of Harriet Thiselton‐Dyer (1854–1945) is described briefly and her botanical paintings and contributions to Curtis's Botanical Magazine are assessed. As grand‐daughter, daughter and wife of three directors of Kew, who were also editors of this magazine, her supportive rôle deserves more recognition.
1033. RHODODENDRON STARLINGII: Ericaceae
Authors: Rushforth Keith , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Yamanaka Masumi
Published: August 2022

Rhododendron starlingii Rushforth & Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, from Fan Si Pan, Vietnam's highest mountain, is described as a new species and illustrated. It is related to R. crenulatum from Pu Bia, Laos' highest mountain, but differs in several characters.
1034. RHODODENDRON POILANEI: Ericaceae
Authors: Rushforth Keith , Yamanaka Masumi
Published: August 2022

Rhododendron poilanei Dop, from Vietnam and southwestern China is illustrated and its relationship with other species in section Peudovireya is discussed.
Longitudinal analysis of users transitioning from the Dexcom G5 to the G6 RT‐CGM system in Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom (2018–2020)
Authors: Acciaroli Giada , van der Linden Joost , Chao Christy , Walker Tomas C. , Oliver Nick
Published: August 2022

Aims

Regional variations in the adoption of diabetes technology may be reflected in population‐level metrics of glycaemic control. In this observational study, we aimed to assess the glycaemic impacts of transitioning from the Dexcom G5 Real‐Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT‐CGM) System to the Dexcom G6 in three European countries.

Methods

Anonymised RT‐CGM data (uploaded to the Dexcom Clarity app) were from users in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (UK) who transitioned from G5 to G6 between 9‐12 months after G6 launched in 2018. Primary endpoints were percent time in hypoglycaemia, percent time in range (TIR), user retention rates, device utilisation, and urgent low soon (ULS) alert utilisation. Metrics were computed for 3‐month intervals in the 2‐year study window.

Results

In all three countries, the transition from G5 to G6 was associated with a clear decrease in hypoglycaemia. In months 0‐3 after transitioning, the median percent time 〈3 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and 〈3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) decreased by [0.12‐0.28] and [0.40‐0.43] percentage points, respectively, with another [0.11‐0.21] and [0.34‐0.65] percentage point decrease in months 3‐6 in the three countries analysed. TIR and CGM utilisation were sustained or improved slightly across all countries. At the end of the study window, the retention rate was [88.8‐94.8%] and ULS utilization was [83.9‐86.9%] in the three countries analysed.

Conclusions

Similar RT‐CGM trends were observed across Germany, Sweden, and the UK. Improvements in hypoglycaemia occurred in all countries. The high retention of users may lead to sustained glycaemic benefits associated with RT‐CGM use.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and third‐wave cognitive behavioural interventions on diabetes‐related distress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jenkinson Emma , Knoop Iris , Hudson Joanna L. , Moss‐Morris Rona , Hackett Ruth A.
Published: August 2022

Aim

Diabetes‐related distress is common in diabetes and has implications for well‐being. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and third‐wave CBT hold promise as treatments for diabetes‐related distress, although previous findings are inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta‐analysis to understand the efficacy of these interventions in treating diabetes‐related distress, while also assessing the associative benefits of these interventions on depression, anxiety and glycaemic control. We also aimed to conduct a narrative synthesis, and subgroup analyses to identify intervention components most useful in treating diabetes‐related distress.

Method

We searched seven electronic databases from inception to April 2021. Data extraction was independently performed by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed. The protocol was registered with the Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42021240628.

Results

We included 22 randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of CBT and third‐wave CBT interventions on diabetes‐related distress. CBT for diabetes‐related distress significantly reduced distress (SMD = −0.278, p = 0.010) and depression (SMD = −0.604, p = 0.016). Third‐wave CBT for diabetes‐related distress significantly reduced anxiety (SMD = −0.451, p = 0.034). No significant effect of either intervention on glycated haemoglobin was observed. CBT interventions that included a digital component, were delivered by a psychological practitioner, and included behavioural activation bolstered the effects on diabetes‐related distress.

Conclusions

CBT aiming to target diabetes‐related distress is beneficial for distress and depression. Third‐wave CBT for diabetes‐related distress is beneficial for anxiety. More work is needed to optimise interventions to improve both mental and physical health outcomes in people with diabetes.
Fetal echocardiographic evaluation before and after nifedipine treatment in preterm labor
Authors: Menekse Beser Dilek , Oluklu Deniz , Uyan Hendem Derya , Yildirim Muradiye , Tugrul Ersak Duygu , Goncu Ayhan Sule , Sahin Dilek
Published: August 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of nifedipine used for tocolysis on cardiac morphology and functions.

Methods

The study included 47 pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor at 32–33 weeks. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation was performed with two‐dimensional (2D) imaging, M‐mode, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) before and after the 48th hour of nifedipine treatment.

Results

No significant change was observed in Doppler parameters (pulsatility indices of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus) and cardiac morphology (cardiothoracic ratio, end‐diastolic longitudinal diameters, sphericity indices, wall thickness) after nifedipine treatment. The parameters obtained with TDI (e', a', s', e'/a', E/e' of mitral and tricuspid valves), M‐ mode (TAPSE, MAPSE), pulsed Doppler (myocardial performance index, left cardiac output, right cardiac output, tricuspid E, A waves, tricuspid E/A ratio, mitral E, A waves, mitral E/A ratio) did not change after nifedipine treatment.

Conclusion

To date, this is the first study to examine the effects of nifedipine on the fetal heart using the TDI. Since nifedipine is a drug that is frequently used and well‐tolerated in the prevention of preterm labor, it is crucial that it does not cause changes in fetal cardiac parameters during tocolysis. Therefore, we used TDI in addition to conventional methods to evaluate the effect of nifedipine, which is frequently used in obstetrics, on cardiac functions in the early period. Nifedipine treatment seems not to affect systolic or diastolic functions. This indicates that nifedipine is reliable on cardiac functions and morphology in pregnancies treated for preterm labor.
Measuring wage inequality under right censoring
Authors: Nicolau João , Raposo Pedro , Rodrigues Paulo M. M.
Published: August 2022

A conditional tail index estimator is introduced which explicitly allows for right‐tail censoring (top‐coding). We show that the factor values used to adjust top‐coded wages have changed over time and depend on individuals' characteristics, occupations and industries, and propose suitable values. Specifically, contrasting the results of our approach with those of a conservative fixed adjustment factor of 1.5 (used in the literature), suggests that wage inequality in 2017 measured with the Gini coefficient is larger than that suggested by the fixed adjustment factor.
Patient age and donor HLA matching can stratify allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients into prognostic groups
Authors: Garcia‐Horton Alejandro , Cyriac Sunu L. , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Floisand Yngvar , Remberger Mats , Mattsson Jonas , Michelis Fotios V.
Published: August 2022

Background

Mixed results surround the accuracy of commonly used prognostic risk scores to predict overall survival (OS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo‐HCT) recipients. We hypothesize that a simple prognostic score performs better than conventional scoring systems.

Patients and Methods

OS risk factors, HCT‐CI, age‐HCT‐CI, and augmented‐HCT‐CI were studied in 299 patients who underwent allo‐HCT for myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. A scoring system was developed based on results and validated in a different cohort of 455 patients.

Results

Two‐year OS was 51% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.56); 2‐year NRM was 34% (95% CI 0.29–0.39). HCT‐CI and associated scores were grouped into 0–2 and ≥3. Age and HLA mismatch status were the only risk factors to affect OS in multivariate analysis (p = 0.02 and 0.05, respectively). HCT‐CI and associated scores were not informative for OS prediction. The weighted scoring system assigned 0 to 2 points for age < 50, 50–64, or ≥65, respectively, and 0–1 points for no HLA mismatch versus any mismatch (except HLA‐DQ). Distinct 2‐year OS (62%, 53%, and 38% [p = <0.001]) and NRM (24%, 34%, and 43% [p = 0.02]) groups were characterized. The scoring system was validated in a second independent cohort with similar results on OS and NRM (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A simple scoring system based on recipient's age and mismatch status accurately predict OS and NRM in two distinct cohorts of allo‐HCT patients. Its simplicity makes it a helpful tool to aid clinicians and patients in clinical decision‐making.
Resource limitation determines realized thermal performance of consumers in trophodynamic models
Authors: Vinton Anna C. , Vasseur David A.
Published: August 2022

Recent work has demonstrated that changes in resource availability can alter a consumer's thermal performance curve (TPC). When resources decline, the optimal temperature and breadth of thermal performance also decline, leading to a greater risk of warming than predicted by static TPCs. We investigate the effect of temperature on coupled consumer‐resource dynamics, focusing on the potential for changes in the consumer TPC to alter extinction risk. Coupling consumer and resource dynamics generally reduces the potential for resource decline to exacerbate the effects of warming via changes to the TPC due to a reduction in top‐down control when consumers near the limits of their thermal performance curve. However, if resources are more sensitive to warming, consumer TPCs can be reshaped by declining resources, leading to increased extinction risk. Our work elucidates the role of top‐down and bottom‐up regulation in determining the extent to which changes in resource density alter consumer TPCs.
Ionizing radiation and melanism in Chornobyl tree frogs
Authors: Burraco Pablo , Orizaola Germán
Published: August 2022

Human actions are altering ecosystems worldwide. Among human‐released pollutants, ionizing radiation arises as a rare but potentially devastating threat to natural systems. The Chornobyl accident (1986) represents the largest release of radioactive material to the environment. Our aim was to examine how exposure to radiation from the Chornobyl accident influences dorsal skin coloration of Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) males sampled across a wide gradient of radioactive contamination in northern Ukraine. We assessed the relationship between skin frog coloration (which can act as a protective mechanism against ionizing radiation), radiation conditions and oxidative stress levels. Skin coloration was darker in localities closest to areas with high radiation levels at the time of the accident, whereas current radiation levels seemed not to influence skin coloration in Chornobyl tree frogs. Tree frogs living within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone had a remarkably darker dorsal skin coloration than frogs from outside the Zone. The maintenance of dark skin coloration was not linked to physiological costs in terms of frog body condition or oxidative status, and we did not detect short‐term changes in frog coloration. Dark coloration is known to protect against different sources of radiation by neutralizing free radicals and reducing DNA damage, and, particularly melanin pigmentation has been proposed as a buffering mechanism against ionizing radiation. Our results suggest that exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, likely at the time of the accident, may have been selected for darker coloration in Chornobyl tree frogs. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of the patterns found here.
Maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing problems: The mediation of emotion socialization
Authors: Lins Taiane , Alvarenga Patrícia , Havighurst Sophie , Silva Antonio Carlos Santos da
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study examined the mediation of mothers' ratings of their maternal emotion socialization practices in the relation between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's internalizing problems in a Brazilian community sample.

Background

Maternal depression and maternal emotion socialization reactions contribute to children's internalizing problems, but the mechanisms through which these variables interact remain unclear.

Method

Participants were 153 mothers of children between 3 and 8 years old. The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) evaluated mothers' ratings of their emotion socialization practices, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) assessed children's internalizing behaviors, and the Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI‐I) measured maternal depressive symptoms.

Results

Maternal ratings of non‐supportive emotion socialization reactions partially mediated the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing problems. There were no effects of maternal depressive symptoms on maternal supportive emotion socialization reactions and child internalizing problems.

Conclusion

Early psychosocial interventions that reduce non‐supportive reactions to children's emotions may be an important way of assisting children in understanding and managing their negative emotions.
Relationship satisfaction during COVID‐19: The role of partners' perceived support and attachment
Authors: Bar‐Shachar Yael , Lopata Sagi , Bar‐Kalifa Eran
Published: August 2022

Objective

The main goal of this study was to examine the interplay between individuals' attachment insecurity and their perceptions of their partners' COVID‐related behaviors (supportive and negative behaviors) in predicting their relationship satisfaction.

Background

Stress is a well‐documented risk factor for relationship satisfaction. COVID‐19 related stressors thus pose a challenge to maintaining relationship satisfaction. Although partners' supportive behaviors can play a central role in mitigating these stressors, enduring individual vulnerabilities, such as attachment insecurity, are likely to moderate the effectiveness of supportive (or negative) behaviors.

Method

In this two‐wave study, conducted at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Israel, 239 participants in cohabiting Israeli couples reported their current relationship satisfaction and perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors in response to COVID‐related stress. Participants' pre‐COVID reports of relationship satisfaction and attachment orientations were used to assess the extent to which partners' supportive/negative behaviors interacted with attachment orientations to predict relationship satisfaction maintenance during the first lockdown in Israel.

Results

Higher levels of support and lower levels of negative behaviors were associated with greater relationship satisfaction maintenance. Anxiously attached individuals showed greater sensitivity to their partners' support, whereas avoidantly attached individuals manifested lower reactivity to their partners' negative behaviors.

Conclusions

Perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors can predict relationship satisfaction during stressful times. However, high attachment anxiety and low attachment avoidance may render individuals more sensitive to such behaviors.

Implications

The results suggest that during times of stress, it is essential to target partners with attachment insecurity to strengthen their supportive skills.
FKA‐A NPs enhances PTX‐A NPs efficacy to suppress ovarian cancer via regulating Skp2/YAP pathway
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Rongmei , Liu Yongqing , Wu Yuqian , Han Leiqiang , Zheng Lei , Bao Zhengqiang
Published: August 2022

Recurrence and distant metastasis after paclitaxel (PTX)‐based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC) patients remains a clinical obstacle. Flavokawain A (FKA) is a novel chalcone from kava plant that can induce G2/M arrest and inhibit invasion and metastasis in different tumor cells. In this study, we examined the effects and the molecular mechanism of sodium aescinate (Aes)‐stabilized nanoparticles FKA‐A NPs in enhancing the efficacy of PTX‐A NPs in vitro and in vivo. We showed that FKA‐A NPs combined with PTX‐A NPs notably inhibited the proliferation and migration and reduced the expression of EMT‐related markers in OCs. YAP nuclear translocation and its downstream signaling pathway were remarkably activated after PTX‐A NPs treatment in OCs. FKA‐A NPs obviously inhibited YAP nuclear translocation and reduced the transcriptional activity of YAP target genes. Simultaneously, FKA‐A NPs dose and time dependently inhibited Skp2 expression in A2780 and Skov3 cells. In contrast, overexpression of Skp2 significantly attenuated the inhibition of FKA‐A NPs on YAP nuclear translocation. In OC homograft mice, treatment with FKA‐A NPs and PTX‐A NPs significantly suppressed the growth of homograft tumor compared with PTX‐A NPs but did not decrease mice's body weight. In summary, we demonstrate that FKA‐A NPs enhance the efficacy of PTX‐A NPs against OCs in vitro and in vivo via reducing Skp2 expression, thus suppressing YAP nuclear translocation and activity of its target genes.
Dryness weakens the positive effects of plant and fungal β diversities on above‐ and belowground biomass
Authors: Zhang Ruiyang , Tian Dashuan , Wang Jinsong , Pan Junxiao , Zhu Juntao , Li Yang , Yan Yingjie , Song Lei , Wang Song , Chen Chen , Niu Shuli
Published: August 2022

Plant and microbial diversity are key to determine ecosystem functioning. Despite the well‐known role of local‐scale α diversity in affecting vegetation biomass, the effects of community heterogeneity (β diversity) of plants and soil microbes on above‐ and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB) across contrasting environments still remain unclear. Here, we conducted a dryness‐gradient transect survey over 3000 km across grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that plant β diversity was more dominant than α diversity in maintaining higher levels of AGB, while soil fungal β diversity was the key driver in enhancing BGB. However, these positive effects of plant and microbial β diversity on AGB and BGB were strongly weakened by increasing climatic dryness, mainly because higher soil available phosphorus caused by increasing dryness reduced both plant and soil fungal β diversities. Overall, these new findings highlight the critical role of above‐ and belowground β diversity in sustaining grassland biomass, raising our awareness to the ecological risks of large‐scale biotic homogenization under future climate change.
Weak effects of age but important role of microhabitats in community differences between breakwaters and natural rocky shores across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Aguilera Moisés A. , Bulleri Fabio , Thiel Martin
Published: August 2022

Aim

Coastal infrastructures are increasing at different latitudes, and their deployment often results in a complete replacement of natural habitats. Although infrastructure provides novel habitats, ecological engineering can increase their similarity to natural rocky habitats. One hurdle for effective design of greener infrastructure is the scarce information on the processes that underpin differences in the structure of communities between built and natural habitats. Using long‐term data of intertidal community structure, we tested whether the magnitude of between‐habitat differences changes with breakwater age and across latitudes, and we examined the role of topographic microhabitats (i.e., rock pools) in driving these differences.

Location

Nine locations distributed from 18 to 41°S.

Time period

2016–2020.

Methods

We sampled the mid‐intertidal community structure on breakwaters of different age and on natural rocky habitats (platforms and boulder fields) and assessed the availability of microhabitats, such as crevices and rock pools, along a coastline spanning 23° of latitude. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we assessed the effect of the different factors on species diversity and functional group abundances.

Results

Age since construction was a poor predictor of differences between breakwaters and natural habitats. Communities on older breakwaters bore a poor resemblance to the species composition or functional group abundances found in natural habitats. The magnitude of differences between breakwaters and natural habitats varied with latitude, with season and with the type of natural habitat attributable to differences in microhabitats, especially in rock pool availability.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that replacement of rocky habitats with breakwaters will cause permanent alterations to coastal ecosystems. Our findings suggest that the availability of microhabitats able to shelter species from stressful environmental conditions is more important at lower and intermediate latitudes; hence, they should be incorporated primarily into infrastructures in tropical or subtropical areas. These strategies could help to compensate for the impacts on rocky ecosystems associated with increases in coastal urbanization.
Government responsiveness and citizen satisfaction: Evidence from environmental governance
Authors: Nie Lin , Wang Hongchuan
Published: August 2022

Prior research has overlooked the dynamics between government responsiveness and citizen satisfaction. This article addresses this gap by examining (1) how styles of government responses affect citizen satisfaction differently and (2) how external events moderate the effects of government responsiveness on citizens. Drawing upon 79,360 environmental demands sent to local leaders in China and 100,905 Chinese citizens' environmental assessments collected from 2013 to 18, this study finds that actional and explanatory responses positively influence citizen satisfaction, while referral responses negatively affect citizen satisfaction. Moreover, these relationships are subject to the moderating effects of exogenous pressures. Top‐down pressure from the central government's environmental inspections and bottom‐up pressure from the environmental documentary Under the Dome represent two types of exogeneities during the study period. The findings corroborate a dynamic government‐citizen relationship that is shaped by government responding actions and sociopolitical changes.
Starting a dialogue in difficult times: Intersectionality and education work
Authors: Robert Sarah A. , Yu Min , Sauerbronn Fernanda , Özkazanç‐Pan Banu
Published: August 2022

This editorial essay is for the special issue “Intersectionality and education work during COVID‐19 transitions.” We reconceptualize intersectionality in the contexts of COVID‐19 to theorize change to education work, introduce the six special issue papers, and provide directions for future research.
Effect of solid loading and carbon additive on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D‐printed SiC ceramic
Authors: Wen Jianhua , Zeng Tao , Pan Xiaotong , Zhong Zhijuan , Yu Siwen , Cheng Su
Published: August 2022

3D‐printed SiC ceramics were prepared by direct ink writing and solid‐phase sintering. The effects of sintering temperature, solid loading, and carbon additive on microstructures and mechanical properties of 3D‐printed SiC parts were investigated. It was found that the sintering temperature affected the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered SiC parts. A high solid loading promoted the densification and mechanical properties of the sintered SiC parts. However, the solid loading exceeded 40 vol.%, which decreased the density and mechanical properties of the samples. The carbon additives could improve the densification of the SiC parts and enhance their mechanical properties. When the sucrose content increased from 0 to 8 wt.%, the open porosity of the SiC part decreased from 26.12% to 3.15%, whereas the flexural strength increased 2.19 times. Using the optimized components and process parameters, the high‐performance 3D‐printed SiC parts were achieved.
Enhanced photovoltaic performance via polarization in Bi/Co co‐doped KN‐based ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Su Mingwei , Gao Qingyuan , Meng Liufang , Yuan Changlai , Liu Fei , Zhu Baohua , Zhao Jingtai , Xu Jiwen , Zhou Changrong
Published: August 2022

A bandgap‐tunable KNbO3 ferroelectric ceramic was prepared by introducing Bi/Co ion. The existence of mixed valence states of Co2+/Co3+ in the system induced the bandgap reduction and its tunable behavior. KNbO3–BiCoO3 solid solutions showed a typical orthogonal perovskite structure and maintained good ferroelectricity (Ps = 15.13 µC/cm2) and high‐field polarization ability. The devices based on the .98KNbO3–.02BiCoO3 sample exhibited an improved short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 19.2 nA/cm2 under simulated solar radiation, and this was further enhanced to 79.8 nA/cm2 after a 60‐kV/cm polarizing. The structural analysis of the samples after polarization reveals the effect of ferroelectric polarization on photovoltaic performance. This work provides new insights into the effects of ferroelectric polarization on photovoltaic performance.