bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Engine Clutch Control for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Park Joonyoung
Published: May 2018

The parallel hybrid configuration in which a clutch is installed between an engine and a motor can shift its operation mode between pure electric and hybrid vehicle mode by engaging or disengaging the clutch. To enhance drivability of the system in shifting its operation mode, it is required to prepare appropriate measures to control the clutch in response to driving conditions. This paper introduces the hydraulic clutch control strategy which is composed of a synchronized engaging and a launch slip engaging maneuver. The strategy also covers the criteria to decide the proper engaging method between above two candidates for current circumstance. This study also deals with the learning algorithm to compensate the variations of the clutch hardware and to realize consistent drivability across all units. The learning algorithm utilizes the traction motor and a pressure sensor to identify the all the variation terms of the clutch with the required level of accuracy
A Lumped Electro-Thermal Model for Li-Ion Cells in Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Makinejad Kamyar , Arunachala Raghavendra , Arnold Sabine , Ennifar Hassen , Zhou Han , Jossen Andreas , Changyun Wen
Published: May 2018

A lumped Electro-thermal model of a large format high power Li-Ion cell is introduced in this paper. The model is able to meet the real time implementation requirements; hence it finds its application in Battery Management System (BMS) of an Electric Vehicle (EV). The model is evaluated in Hardware in the Loop (HIL) setup to verify online estimation of cell surface and internal temperature estimation for an on-board EV application. In this study, the cell is considered as a single homogeneous layer and the heat is generated in the centre point of the cell and flows in one direction towards the surface. For this modelling purpose, reversible and irreversible heat in the cell is considered. Irreversible heat consists of the Joule heating effect due to internal resistance of the cell, for instance these values are then calculated with sufficient electrical cell model and evaluated both offline and in real time calculation. Reversible heat is a result of entropy effect which can be negative or a positive value depending on the direction of current flow during charging and discharging process of the cell. Other heat transfer mechanism such as conductive heat transfer and convective heat transfer are also included into the model. This paper introduces a reference case test used to calculate the required necessary coefficients both for parameterization of electrical model and thermal model. The battery setup in the laboratory for measuring the cell surface temperature as reference data as well as cell sandwich setup for evaluating the internal temperature of the cells is explained in detail. Fundamental equations to develop the thermal model are introduced and the model is evaluated in both offline and real time mode.
Degradation Predictions of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery
Authors: Hato Yuya , Chen Chien , Hirota Toshio , Kamiya Yushi , Daisho Yasuhiro , Inami Shoichi
Published: May 2018

Degradation mechanisms of lithium iron phosphate battery have been analyzed with calendar tests and cycle tests. To quantify capacity loss with the life prediction equation, it is seen from the aspect of separating the total capacity loss into calendar capacity and real cycle capacity loss. The real cycle capacity loss of total capacity loss was derived by subtracting the calendar capacity loss parts during cycle tests. It is considered that calendar capacity loss is dominated by SEI formation. On the other hand, real cycle capacity loss includes structure disorder of electrodes and promotion of SEI growth such as delamination and regrowth. Generally, the test results indicated that capacity loss increases under high temperature and SOC condition, and SOC range (ΔSOC) is not related to the loss. However, we founded that the test results under 5℃ condition do not exactly show the same tendency of degradation. As a result, the life prediction equation is based on the chemical kinetics and it can only be adopted only beyond the 15℃ temperature limitation. At this time in life prediction equation, to take ΔSOC into consideration and describe the real cycle capacity loss specifically with amounts of lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation, the processing amount of current is adopted as the standard of capacity degradation instead of the cycle number. Finally, it is considered to be possible that certain reactions such as further structure disorder or lithium plating caused under low temperature. However, we also founded that DC internal resistance tests results indicated that only calendar capacity loss can apply to chemical kinetics. It is necessary to consider the other construction method of the life prediction equation in the future
Cost Reduction through Cell Design Optimization for Vehicle Requirements-From Active Material to Vehicle Product Portfolios
Authors: Tschech Matthias , Vietor Thomas
Published: May 2018

The cost situation for lithium-ion batteries is one of the key limitations for the market potential of electric vehicles and has been covered by several authors from the industry and science sector. This work addresses the relation between active material properties, cell design and vehicle requirements. The results of this investigation show that the efficient use of the cell properties in the vehicle application will be decisive for the competitiveness of OEMs and battery suppliers. The center of the research is a cell model in which different active material properties, cell formats and electrode layouts can be implemented flexibly. Within a constant volume of a standardized cell housing the variation of the electrode loadings leads to relationships between the storable energy and the power of the cell. The costs determined for each specific cell design then allow describing the relation between the power to energy ratio of a cell and its energy specific costs for current and future materials. The optimal cost situation is reached when the P/E-ratio of the cell matches the required P/E-ratio of the storage system. In a broad vehicle portfolio this means a specific cell would be required for each car project. This potentially large number of cell types seems unfavorable for OEMs to handle. Therefore a genetic algorithm optimization is applied to determine the cost-optimal number and specifications of cells to address a certain vehicle portfolio. For these optimizations further restrictions such as voltage level limitations are considered as well. The tool derived from these considerations can support OEMs as well as cell & material suppliers to find the optimal modular kit for their lithium-ion cell strategy considering individual customer requirements.
Developments and Challenges for EV Charging Infrastructure Standardization
Authors: Peter Van , Tom Turcksin , Noshin Omar , Joeri Van
Published: May 2018

Although charging infrastructure standardization has come a long way and publicly accessible infrastructure has been deployed in several countries, the standardization process is still going on and several issues remain open. This article aims to highlight current activities in the field on global and European levelnl analyzing the described projects.
Saxony as a Model Region in Germany for connected electric mobility
Authors: Klötzing Cathleen , Bunzel Alexander , Krebs Kevin , Petersohn Ronny
Published: May 2018

Saxony as a Model Region for electric mobility and intelligent transport systems has extensive experiences which ranges from the operation of hybrid and full electric buses including fast charging infrastructure, electric car fleets in companies and municipal institutions, eCarsharing and long distance mobility as well as in connected electric mobility. The paper describes the objectives and lessons learned of some of the noteworthy projects relating to electric public transport and multimodality as well as the perspective to establish Saxony as a pioneer in the field of intelligent transport systems and connected mobility.
Switched On Scotland: Implementing Scotland’s Roadmap to Widespread Adoption of Plug-in Vehicles
Authors: Beeton David A. , Davison Stephen , Tuck Zak
Published: May 2018

This paper explains the insights and lessons learned from developing the Scottish Government’s Roadmap to Widespread Adoption of Plug-in Vehicles. This strategy drew on best practice from the fields of electric mobility and technology roadmapping to establish a comprehensive framework to guide future progress. This paper reviews the progress achieved to date in implementing this roadmap and explains the next steps to further advance the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in Scotland.
Selected Results of the Scientific Accompanying Research of the E-Mobility Model Region “e-pendler in nieder¨osterreich” (AUSTRIA)
Authors: Fasthuber Dominik , Litzlbauer Markus
Published: May 2018

This paper describes selected results of the scientific accompanying research of the e-mobility model region “e-pendler in nieder¨osterreich” which is a co-financed model region of the Climate and Energy Fund in Austria and the province of Lower Austria. The purpose of the project is to evaluate the usability of electric vehicles for commuters in Austria. For this, a group of thirty-seven participants were analyzed. With the derived charging profiles and traffic analysis important statements for future problems are possible. The research is divided into three parts. First of all, the commuters’ behavior is considered. As second part specific charging profiles are analyzed and the effect of the charging power on the switching point (change from constant current phase to constant voltage phase) is shown. At last the impact of the EV's on the distribution grid is investigated.
A University E-Bike Sharing System used as a Real-Time Monitoring emissions tool under a smart city concept
Authors: Ioakimidis Christos S. , Rycerski Pawel , Koutra Sesil , Genikomsakis Konstantinos N.
Published: May 2018

This work intents to describe a new approach that would be able to combine the positive effects from the use of an E-Bike sharing system in a medium-large population urban city of Belgium demonstrated initially in case of the local University Campuses along with the use of the E-Bikes as environmental mobile sensing units.
Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Alexander Marcus , Tonachel Luke
Published: May 2018

Plug-in electric vehicles propelled by stored electrical energy do not directly emit greenhouse gas emissions during operation, but indirect emissions can occur when electricity is generated to recharge the vehicle batteries. Determining the mix of power plants that would supply this electricity is difficult due to the technical complexity inherent in grid modeling. This paper describes best practices for projecting future grid emissions and uses these best practices to forecast grid emissions in the United States. These projections indicate that plug-in electric vehicles can significantly reduce transportation sector emissions even when accounting for the emissions associated with vehicle electrification.
La correspondance de Lavoisier : pratiques matérielles de la lettre dans un corpus savant des Lumières
Authors: Bret Patrice
Published: May 2018

Die Edition der Correspondance von Lavoisier, seiner aktiven wie passiven, die kurz vor dem Abschluss steht, war im 19. Jahrhundert ursprünglich als Teil seiner Werkausgabe gedacht. Ungefähr 2 000 Briefe persönlichen, wissenschaftlichen und administrativen Inhalts spiegeln die Bandbreite der Aktivitäten des Chemikers und bedeutenden Staatsdieners wider. Dieses Textkorpus stellt die Brücke dar zwischen Briefpraxis und Materialität wissenschaftlichen Schreibens ; es gestattet, die Art und Weise, wie ein Brief in Zusammenarbeit zwischen Lavoisier, seinen Sekretären und gegebenenfalls offiziellen Unterzeichnern entsteht. Die Entwürfe sind gleichsam das Gedächtnis des ausgefertigten Briefs und seiner Entstehung ; auch sie tragen häufig, wie die eingegangenen Schreiben, die Spur einer Verschlagwortung wie auch intellektueller und materieller Zuordnung, die ihre eventuelle Verwendung für die Herstellung von Zweitausfertigungen oder die Veröffentlichung in Zeitschriften ermöglichten.
NLRP3 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion via the Interleukin-1β/NF-κB p65 Signals
Authors: Xue Liping , Lu Bin , Gao Bibo , Shi Yangyang , Xu Jingqi , Yang Rui , Xu Bo , Ding Peng
Published: May 2018

Because of the characteristics of high invasiveness, relapse, and poor prognosis, the management of malignant gliomas has always been a great challenge. Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a crucial component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein
complex that can trigger caspase 1/interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated inflammatory response once activated and participates in the pathogeny of diverse inflammatory diseases as well as cancers. We examined the function of NLRP3 in the development of glioma. Glioma cells were treated with NLRP3
interference or overexpression vectors, recombinant IL-1β, IL-1β antibody, and NF-κB inhibitor. Cell proliferation and invasion were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Gene expression was detected by PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. NLRP3 and NF-κB p65 increased and
were positively correlated in glioma tissues. NLRP3 knockdown suppressed glioma cell growth and invasion with the decrease of IL-1β and NF-κB p65. Conversely, forced expression of NLRP3 promoted cell growth. NLRP3 silencing suppressed ectogenous IL-1β-elevated cell proliferation
and invasion, whereas IL-1β elimination impaired the proproliferation effect of NLRP3 hyperexpression. Furthermore, NF-κB blockage abrogated IL-1β and NLRP3 hyperexpression increased cell growth and invasion. NLRP3 promoted the growth and invasion of gliomas via the IL-1β/NF-κB
p65 signals.
Excitation of nonradiating magnetic anapole states with azimuthally polarized vector beams
Authors: Lamprianidis Aristeidis G , Miroshnichenko Andrey E
Published: May 2018

Nonradiating current configurations have been drawing the attention of the physics community for many years. It has been demonstrated recently that dielectric nanoparticles provide a unique platform to host such nonradiating modes, called “anapoles”. Here we study theoretically the excitation of such exotic anapole modes in silicon nanoparticles using structured light. Alternative illumination configurations, properly designed, are able to unlock hidden behavior of scatterers. Particularly, azimuthally polarized focused beams enable us to excite ideal anapole modes of magnetic type in dielectric nanoparticles. Firstly, we perform the decomposition of this type of excitation into its multipolar content and then we employ the T-matrix method to calculate the far-field scattering properties of nanoparticles illuminated by such beams. We propose several configuration schemes where magnetic anapole modes of simple or hybrid nature can be detected in silicon nanospheres, nanodisks and nanopillars.
How A Citizen Scientist Can Reuse & Link Biodiversity Heritage Library Data
Authors: Leachman Siobhan
Published: May 2018

The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) provides open access to over 54 million pages of biodiversity literature. Much of this literature is either in the public domain or is licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons framework. Anyone can therefore freely reuse much of the information and data provided by BHL. This presentation will outline how the work of a citizen scientist using BHL content might benefit research scientists. It will discuss how a citizen scientist can reuse and link BHL literature and data in Wikipedia and Wikidata. It will explain the research efficiencies that can be obtained through this reuse and linking, for example through the consolidation of database identifiers. The presentation will outline the subsequent reuse of the BHL data added to Wikipedia and Wikidata by the internet search engine Google. It will discuss an example of the linking of this information in the citizen science observation platform iNaturalist. The presentation will explain how BHL, as a result of its open reuse licensing of information and data, helps in the creation of more accurate citizen science generated biodiversity data and assists with the wider and more effective dissemination of biodiversity information.
Automated Identification of Citizen Science Observations for Ecological Studies
Authors: Bonnet Pierre , Botella Christophe , Munoz François , Monestiez Pascal , Chouet Mathias , Goëau Hervé , Joly Alexis
Published: May 2018

Pl@ntNet is an international initiative which was the first one attempting to combine the force of citizens networks with automated identification tools based on machine learning technologies (Joly et al. 2014). Launched in 2009 by a consortium involving research institutes in computer sciences, ecology and agriculture, it was the starting point of several scientific and technological productions (Goëau et al. 2012) which finally led to the first release of the Pl@ntNet app (iOS in February 2013 (Goëau et al. 2013) and Android (Goëau et al. 2014) the following year). Initially based on 800 plant species, the app was progressively enlarged to thousands of species of the European, North American and tropical regions. Nowadays, the app covers more than 15 000 species and is adapted to 22 regional and thematic contexts, such as the Andean plant species, the wild salads of southern Europe, the indigenous trees species of South Africa, the flora of the Indian Ocean Islands, the New Caledonian Flora, etc. The app is translated in 11 languages and is being used by more than 3 millions of end-users all over the world, mostly in Europe and the US.

The analysis of the data collected by Pl@ntnet users, which represent more than 24 millions of observations up to now, has a high potential for different ecological and management questions. A recent work (Botella et al. 2018), in particular, did show that the stream of Pl@ntNet observations could allow a fine-grained and regular monitoring of some species of interest such as invasive ones. However, this requires cautious considerations about the contexts in which the application is used. In this talk, we will synthesize the results of this study and present another one related to phenology. Indeed, as the phenological stage of the observed plants is also recorded, these data offer a rich and unique material for phenological studies at large geographical or taxonomical scale. We will share preliminary results obtained on some important pantropical species (such as the Melia azedarach L., and the Lantana camara L.), for which we have detected significant intercontinental phenological patterns, among the project data.
Published examples using the new Chronometric extension to Darwin Core
Authors: Brenskelle Laura , LeFebvre Michelle , Wieczorek John , Guralnick Robert , Emery Kitty
Published: May 2018

The temporality of specimens is an often overlooked but quintessential part of using aggregated biodiversity occurrences for research, especially when millions of these occurrences exist in deep time. Presently in Darwin Core, there are terms for describing the geological context of specimens, which is needed for paleontological specimens. However, information about the contextual absolute date associated with a specimen, and how that date was generated is not supported in Darwin Core, but would strongly enhance usability for research. Providers do occasionally try provisioning this information, but it is currently hidden in a few different Darwin Core fields, making it hard to discover and nearly impossible to search for in biodiversity portals. Here we provide an overview of where absolute date content for paleontological and archaeological specimens are currently found in published specimens records. We will then introduce a working Darwin Core extension that focuses on chronometric content, and demonstrate the use of this extension with published datasets from the zooarchaeological and paleontological communities. This new advancement will allow providers to make these crucial data available, researchers to easily find the temporal range associated with an occurrence, evaluate how this range was determined, and compile occurrences based on their shared ages to help streamline the research process.
Improving Data Quality in Citizen Science Apps for Conservation Biology
Authors: Stenhouse Alan , Roetman Philip , Grützner Frank , Perry Tahlia , Koh Lian Pin
Published: May 2018

Field data collection by Citizen Scientists has been hugely assisted by the rapid development and spread of smart phones as well as apps that make use of the integrated technologies contained in these devices. We can improve the quality of the data by increasing utilisation of the device in-built sensors and improving the software user-interface. Improvements to data timeliness can be made by integrating directly with national and international biodiversity repositories, such as the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA).

I will present two Citizen Science apps that we developed for the conservation of two of Australia’s iconic species – the koala and the echidna. First is the Koala Counter app used in the Great Koala Count 2 – a two-day Blitz-style population census. The aim was to improve both the recording of citizen science effort as well as to improve the recording of “absence” data which would improve population modelling. Our solution was to increase the transparent use of the phone sensors as well as providing an easy-to-use user interface. Second is the EchidnaCSI app – an observational tool for collecting sightings and samples of echidna.

From a software developer’s perspective, I will provide details on multi-platform app development as well as collaboration and integration with the Australian national biodiversity repository – the Atlas of Living Australia. Preliminary analysis regarding data quality will be presented along with lessons learned and paths for future research. I also seek feedback and further ideas on possible enhancements or modifications that might usefully be made to improve these techniques.
Descriptive Data Challenges for the World Flora Online
Authors: Miller Chuck , Ulate William
Published: May 2018

The World Flora Online (WFO) is primarily a data management project initiated in 2012 in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – "To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020". A WFO Consortium has been formed of now 42 international partners with a governing Council and three Working Groups. The World Flora Online Public Portal (www.worldfloraonline.org) was launched at the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017. The baseline Public Portal was primarily populated with a taxonomic backbone of information gathered from The Plant List augmented by newer taxonomic sources like Solanaceae Source. To support all known plant names in the WFO. including both vascular and non-vascular plants, new WFO identifiers (WFOIDs) were created, which were also cross-referenced to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) identifiers for plant names included there. The next phase of the World Flora Online involves additional enhancement of the taxonomic backbone by engagement of new plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and acceleration of ingestion of descriptive data from digital floras and monographs, and other sources like International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessments and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Tree Assessment. Descriptive data can be text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, identification keys, phylogenetic trees, as well as atomized trait data like threat status, lifeform or habitat. Initial digital descriptive datasets have been received by WFO from Flora of Brazil, Flora of South Africa, Flora of China, Flora of North Africa, Solanaceae Source and several others. The hard work is underway to match the names associated with the submitted descriptions to the names and WFOIDs in the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and then merging the descriptive data elements into the WFO database. Numerous data tools have been adopted and created to accomplish the data cleaning, standardization and transformation required before descriptive data can be integrated. The WFO project has discovered many variations between just the few datasets received so far, which highlights the need for better standardization and controlled vocabularies for flora and monographic descriptive data. This presentation will review some of the issues identified by the project when merging descriptive data and some potential gaps in the TDWG standards specifically for flora descriptive data. Some opportunities for consideration by the TDWG Species Information Interest Group will be presented.
L’appel au désert : l’exigence d’un retrait (Fécondité métaphysique et mystique de l’expérience intérieure)
Authors: Raviolo Isabelle
Published: May 2018

Poètes et philosophes ont usé du terme « désert » à travers trois axes de lecture : la voie négative, l’appel de l’abîme et la dialectique pascale. Cet article montre qu’à travers elles, on retrouve l’exigence éthique du détachement des images, caractéristique de la mystique rhénane. Se retrouve alors posé avec acuité le problème des rapports du langage avec la réalité. Ce que le poète dit, il ne sait pas le dire. La mesure de sa parole est de parler de l’indicible. Aucune rhétorique n’y pourvoit. Parole poétique et philosophique se risquent alors dans cette aventure mystique, tentant de vivre jusqu’au bout l’expérience du désert, sa fécondité. Dialoguer, peindre, prier sont autant d’actes de langage qui déploient le silence depuis le silence, rendant possible la rencontre avec la présence divine, l’épreuve de sa presque disparition vibratoire.
Indétermination et stérilité de la démocratie post-totalitaire
Authors: De Ligio Giulio
Published: May 2018

Les nations européennes voient l’autonomie démocratique comme la réponse à la question du bien commun. Elles craignent cependant de retrouver une tentation totalitaire, ou un « simulacre hétéronome » (Castoriadis), dans chaque « raison d’être » collective. Or si l’autonomie est maintenant présentée comme le critère de la justice ou la source de la création historique, elle ne permet pas de déterminer le contenu des actions et des lois. Ce texte essaie d’expliciter le risque du cercle vicieux – ou de la paradoxale  hybris – que court l’Europe démocratique. Notre « ouverture » collective pourrait dissimuler une  clôture démocratique , un  gouvernement de la stérilité .
L’éducation spécialisée : passé, présent, à venir
Authors: Chauvière Michel
Published: May 2018

L’éducation spécialisée est partie prenante du travail social, cette énigme. Complétant ses propres travaux sociohistoriques, l’auteur propose le détour par une approche idéal-typique, considérant que se réalise dans tout travail social un « carré des intelligences », fait de droits, d’institutions, de savoirs et d’une signature clinique. Sur cette base, il déconstruit la « réingénierie » des métiers sociaux en cours, en y décelant un changement d’alliance historique, des métiers aux opérateurs, et une réorganisation autoritaire de la division du travail, entre encadrement renforcé et exécution sous contrôle.
Sur l’éducation spécialisée
Authors: Lemay Michel
Published: May 2018

Les éducateurs spécialisés interviennent de façon globale auprès des enfants et des adolescents qu’ils accompagnent, cette approche polyvalente est reconnue comme efficace. Cependant, ces professionnels ont souvent du mal à identifier, à objectiver les éléments qui construisent cette clinique, ce que l’auteur appelle les moyens mobilisables. Pour lui, ces « moyens » (l’attention au corps, aux milieux de vie, la capacité à projeter…) ne sont pas que des techniques froides, mais doivent être pensés en prenant en compte les dynamiques transférentielles. L’ensemble de ces identifications de compétences et de moyens conduit à proposer une approche globale des dispositifs de formation, initiale et continue.
Gagner la bataille des mots et du temps
Authors: Gaberan Philippe
Published: May 2018

Les métiers de l’éducation spécialisée et du travail social sont appelés à se transformer sous la pression d’un changement de paradigme dans les politiques sociales, d’une part, et d’un retour de la prépondérance de l’être sur l’avoir, d’autre part. Cette évolution, qui ne change rien quant au sens mais qui change tout dans les pratiques, appelle les professionnels à gagner la bataille des mots et du temps.
Il était une fois un groupe
Authors: SPIRE Groupe
Published: May 2018

Des professionnels expérimentés du travail social, de la justice et de l’éducation se sont réunis pour réfléchir sur le travail social aujourd’hui. Ils proposent une philosophie, une éthique de l’action sociale qui, rappelant les fondamentaux de l’action éducative et sociale, permettent de jauger avec recul les fonctionnements technicistes, gestionnaires et économiques actuellement en plein développement.
Être éducateur « non spécialisé » selon Jacques Ladsous
Authors: Auguin-Ferrère Nathalie , Abillama-Masson Nada
Published: May 2018

Les auteures présentent des extraits d’un entretien de 2016 avec Jacques Ladsous. Il exposait alors ses avis sur l’éducation, le métier d’éducateur, et ses inquiétudes sur les transformations des institutions, des diplômes et donc du métier.
Souffrance et formation
Authors: Berton Jacques
Published: May 2018

Les travailleurs sociaux en formation sont confrontés non seulement au sens à donner aux souffrances des individus pour mieux comprendre, aider, mais également à l’essence même de leur choix professionnel. Parce que les étudiants évoquent souvent leurs difficultés à s’immerger dans cette démarche où « parler de soi ne va pas de soi », surtout lorsqu’il est question de souffrance, il nous apparaît essentiel de construire des espaces de réflexion qui permettent de proposer des modalités de travail collectif pour élaborer à partir de cette souffrance. Souvent objet de retenue et même d’autocensure, comme si celle des usagers la recouvrait ou la disqualifiait, l’expression de la souffrance chez les étudiants est pourtant porteuse d’acquisition de savoirs. Ces savoirs sont facilement occultés par les instituts de formation comme par le terrain, faisant ainsi de la souffrance un impensé, alimentant la plainte et un sentiment envahissant de frustration.
Long-term Wear Data From a Prospective Multicenter Study of Second-Generation Highly Cross-linked Polyethylene Inserts in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Bonutti Peter M. , Mesko J. Wesley , Ramakrishnan Rama
Published: May 2018

In a prospective multicenter trial on highly cross-linked polyethylene inserts in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, 118 patients consented to 10-year follow-up. Medium-term follow-up results showed low wear at 5 and 7 years after surgery. The current study focuses on long-term data at 10 years. Patients were followed up by either phone or office visit to collect long-term clinical data including Harris hip score and adverse events. There were 2 deaths and 2 revisions, 1 at 6.5 years for pelvic cyst and severe pain and another at 8.0 years for recurrent dislocation. For wear analysis, suitable radiographic images for 48 patients (52 hips) at minimum 10-year follow-up were available. Mean age of the cohort was 62.5 years (62% female). Femoral head penetration was measured using Martell's method from the radiographic images between the 6-week and the subsequent follow-ups. Polyethylene wear rate was calculated from the penetration data. Descriptive statistics were performed. There was no evidence of significant oxidation or locking mechanism failure. Mean Harris hip score of the group was 94.3. No osteolysis was noted by an independent radiographic reviewer. The slope of the bestfit regression line to the femoral head penetration data, which represents the overall linear wear rate of the polyethylene, was 0.014 mm/y. The wear rate was significantly below the 0.100 mm/y critical threshold for development of osteolysis. Volumetric wear rate was calculated to be 11.6 mm
3
/y. The second-generation highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular inserts had low wear in the long term (10.3 years) with no incidence of osteolysis. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e529–e533.]
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Trial to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of Single Intravitreous Injections of ICON-1 Targeting Tissue Factor in Wet AMD
Authors: Wells John A. , Gonzales Christine R. , Berger Brian B. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Sippy Brian D. , Burian Gabriela
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability of single intravitreous injections (IVIs) of ICON-1 (Iconic Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). ICON-1 is a modified factor VIIa protein linked with the Fc portion of a human immunoglobulin G1. The molecule binds tissue factor overexpressed on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in AMD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Open-label, interventional, dose-escalation trial in 18 patients with CNV due to AMD, with six patients per dose cohort. Patients received a single IVI of ICON-1 at baseline in one of three escalating doses: 60 μg, 150 μg, or 300 μg. Standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment was allowed at the investigator's discretion at least 2 weeks after the ICON-1 injection; patients were followed up to 24 weeks. Dose escalation was based on the absence of significant safety events. At each study visit, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmic examination (intraocular pressure, slit-lamp, and dilated fundus examination), and ophthalmic imaging (color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography) assessments were performed. The systemic pharmacokinetics of ICON-1 and presence of anti-ICON-1 antibodies were also assessed.

RESULTS:

ICON-1 was safe and well-tolerated up to the highest dose administered, which was 300 μg. Commonly reported adverse events were considered related to the IVI procedure or to the underlying nAMD. No significant systemic levels of ICON-1 or anti-ICON-1 antibodies were detected. Preliminary evidence of biological activity (improved BCVA, reduced central retinal thickness, decreased CNV size, and leakage) was most evident with the 300 μg dose at 1 to 2 weeks after the single ICON-1 injection.

CONCLUSION:

Intravitreous administration of ICON-1 in single doses up to 300 μg in eyes with neovascular AMD was safe and well-tolerated.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:336–345.]
Éditions et représentations de La Comédie humaine
Authors: Del Lungo Andrea
Published: May 2018

L’œuvre de Balzac fournit un cas exemplaire pour l’analyse de la genèse post-éditoriale, en raison des modifications régulières apportées par l’auteur au fil des éditions d’un même texte. Cet article propose d’abord une réflexion sur cette pratique de réécriture éditoriale, permettant de distinguer le régime des épreuves, moment d’expansion du texte, de celui des versions publiées, dont les réécritures visent un allégement stylistique et une certaine compacité textuelle. Sont ensuite exposés les premiers résultats d’une entreprise d’édition électronique, actuellement en préparation, de toutes les versions publiées des différents textes de La Comédie humaine corrigées par l’auteur ; les exemples, tirés des textes dont la publication originale date des années 1830-1832, détaillent cinq éléments de réécriture, portant sur la ponctuation, les connecteurs, les épithètes, la syntaxe et la cohérence narrative. Une brève réflexion sur les représentations de l’œuvre induites par les éditions posthumes termine l’article, soulignant la nécessité d’une édition génétique.
Combination of optimization techniques to find of processing optimal condition of postharvest broccoli by vacuum cooling process
Authors: Ding Tian , Gobber Charles , Santana José Carlos Curvelo , Alves Wonder Alexandre Luz , Araújo Sidnei Alves de , Dong-Hong Liu
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to investigate the impact of each factor on the weight loss of postharvest broccoli and treatment efficacy, and also attempted to fix the optimal condition for vacuum cooling treatment on postharvest broccoli by response surface methodology combined with tabu search techniques. Fresh broccoli samples were harvested from a Chinese farm and the green heads of selected samples were cut into smaller ones with approximately 3~4 cmdiameter, and sequentially equilibrated to room temperature. Pressure (200-600 Pa), broccoli weight (200-500 g), water volume (2-6 %, v v-1) and time (20-40 min) were used as factors and weight loss, final temperature and cost as responses. A tabu search algorithm was developed to find the optimum condition for processing broccoli and its initial condition were from response surface methodology. Results demonstrates a good adjust of tabu search algorithm in simulation of the broccoli freezing process. From tabu list the best condition were found as follows: the broccoli weight between 273.5 and 278.0 g with a water volume of 3.0%, processed for 40.0 min and at 200 Pa, where the weight loss was 0.34 ± 0.01%, of end temperature was 2.0 ± 0.0°C and profit percent was 99.66 ± 0.01%.
Rate of Upper Extremity Injury in High School Baseball Pitchers Who Played Catcher as a Secondary Position
Authors: Hibberd Elizabeth E. , Oyama Sakiko , Myers Joseph B.
Published: May 2018

Context: 

Many high school pitchers play another position after they have finished pitching for the day or on their rest days from pitching. Because of the cumulative demands on the arm, pitchers who also play catcher may have a greater risk of developing a throwing-related shoulder or elbow injury.

Objective: 

To compare the rate of throwing-related upper extremity injuries between high school baseball pitchers who also played catcher as a secondary position and those who did not play catcher.

Design: 

Prospective cohort study.

Setting: 

Field laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 384 male high school baseball pitchers were recruited from 51 high school teams. Pitchers who reported their secondary position as catcher were classified into the pitcher/catcher group and those who did not report playing catcher as a secondary position were classified into the other group.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Participants completed a demographic questionnaire preseason and then athlete participation and injury status were tracked during the subsequent season. Athlete-exposures were monitored and the shoulder and elbow injury proportion rates were calculated.

Results: 

Athlete-exposures did not differ between groups (P = .488). The pitcher/catcher group's risk of shoulder or elbow injury was 2.9 times greater than that of the other pitchers (15% versus 5%; injury proportion rate = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 8.12).

Conclusions: 

Pitchers who reported also playing catcher were at a greater risk of sustaining a throwing-related shoulder or elbow injury than the other pitchers. These findings suggest that pitchers should consider not playing catcher as their secondary position in order to allow adequate time for recovery and to decrease their overall throwing load. Serial physical examinations of pitchers/catchers during the season may be useful in determining if their physical characteristics are changing during the season because of the cumulative throwing load.
The influence of instrumental line shape degradation on NDACC gas retrievals: total column and profile
Authors: Sun Youwen , Palm Mathias , Liu Cheng , Hase Frank , Griffith David , Weinzierl Christine , Petri Christof , Wang Wei , Notholt Justus
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We simulated instrumental line shape (ILS) degradations with respect to
typical types of misalignment, and compared their influence on each NDACC
(Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) gas. The
sensitivities of the total column, the root mean square (rms) of the fitting residual,
the total random uncertainty, the total systematic uncertainty, the total uncertainty,
degrees of freedom for signal (DOFs), and the profile with respect to different
levels of ILS degradation for all current standard NDACC gases, i.e. O3, HNO3, HCl, HF, ClONO2, CH4, CO, N2O,
C2H6, and HCN, were investigated. The influence of an imperfect ILS
on NDACC gases' retrieval was assessed, and the consistency under different
meteorological conditions and solar zenith angles (SZAs) were examined. The
study concluded that the influence of ILS degradation can be approximated by
the linear sum of individual modulation efficiency (ME) amplitude influence
and phase error (PE) influence. The PE influence is of secondary importance
compared with the ME amplitude. Generally, the stratospheric gases are more
sensitive to ILS degradation than the tropospheric gases, and the positive ME
influence is larger than the negative ME. For a typical ILS degradation
(10 %), the total columns of stratospheric gases O3, HNO3, HCl,
HF, and ClONO2 changed by 1.9, 0.7, 4, 3, and 23 %,
respectively, while the columns of tropospheric gases CH4, CO, N2O,
C2H6, and HCN changed by 0.04, 2.1, 0.2, 1.1, and
0.75 %, respectively. In order to suppress the fractional difference in the total column for ClONO2 and other NDACC gases within 10 and 1 %,
respectively, the maximum positive ME degradations for O3, HNO3,
HCl, HF, ClONO2, CO, C2H6, and HCN should be less than 6,
15, 5, 5, 5, 5, 9, and 13 %, respectively; the
maximum negative ME degradations for O3, HCl, and HF should be less than
6, 12, and 12 %, respectively; the influence of ILS degradation on
CH4 and N2O can be regarded as being negligible.
MODIS Collection 6 MAIAC Algorithm
Authors: Lyapustin Alexei , Wang Yujie , Korkin Sergey , Huang Dong
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper describes the latest version of algorithm MAIAC used for processing of the MODIS Collection 6 data record. Since initial publication in 2011–2012, MAIAC has changed considerably to adapt global processing and improve cloud/snow detection, aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction of MODIS data. The main changes include 1) transition from 25 km to 1 km scale for retrieval of the spectral regression coefficient (SRC) which helped remove occasional blockiness at 25 km scale in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and in the surface reflectance; 2) continuous improvements of cloud detection; 3) introduction of “Smoke” and “Dust” tests to discriminate absorbing fine and coarse mode aerosols; 4) adding over-water processing; 5) general optimization of the LUT-based radiative transfer for the global processing, and others. MAIAC provides an inter-disciplinary suite of atmospheric and land products, including: cloud mask (CM), column water vapor (CWV), AOD at 0.47 and 0.55 μm, aerosol type (background/smoke/dust), and fine mode fraction over water; spectral bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF), parameters of Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) BRDF model and instantaneous albedo; for snow-covered surfaces, we provide sub-pixel snow fraction and snow grain size. All products come in standard HDF4 format at 1 km resolution, except BRF which is also provided at 500 m resolution, on Sinusoidal grid adopted by the MODIS land team. All products are provided on per-observation basis in daily files except BRDF/albedo which is reported every 8 days. Because MAIAC uses a time series approach, the BRDF/albedo are naturally gap-filled over land where missing values are filled-in with results from the previous retrieval. While the BRDF model is reported for MODIS land bands 1–7 and ocean band 8, BRF is reported for both land and ocean bands 1–12. This paper focuses on MAIAC cloud detection, aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction and describes MCD19 data products and quality assurance (QA) flags.
The Ischemic Hand of Mr. M
Authors: Ferraresi Roberto
Published: May 2018

A case of critical ischemia presenting with pain and finger gangrene in the right hand of a patient on hemodialysis is presented. The multifactorial origin of ischemia and its pathophysiology are discussed, together with the most appropriate diagnostic approach. Innovative endovascular treatment of such conditions is also described.
The Management of Hyponatremia
Authors: Lameire Norbert
Published: May 2018

A case of hyponatremia in a previously healthy 76-year-old woman is described with discussion revolving around key questions: 1. Is hyponatremia really hypotonic? 2. Is there an emergency present on admission necessitating acute therapeutic action to improve the electrolyte disturbances? 3. What is the best approach to obtaining a correct diagnosis? 4. What is the best approach to raise serum Na? 5. What are the risk factors, symptoms and pathophysiology of thiazide-induced hyponatremia? 6. What is the role of hypokalemia in the pathophysiology of hyponatremia? 7. What are the options for therapy to raise the plasma sodium in this patient? 8. How should the concomitant hypokalemia be treated, and is it an additional danger in the treatment of the hyponatremia? 9. What are the lessons from this case for the management of chronic “asymptomatic” or mildly symptomatic hyponatremic patients? 10. Would this patient be approached differently in Europe and the United States?
Ivabradine, Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Di Lullo Luca , Bellasi Antonio , Russo Domenico , Cozzolino Mario , Ronco Claudio , Santoboni Alberto , Barbera Giovanni
Published: May 2018

The incidence and prevalence of congestive heart failure are actually increasing worldwide, especially in Western countries. In Europe and the United States, congestive heart failure represents a disabling clinical disease, accountable for increased hospitalization and health care costs. European guidelines have underlined the importance of pharmacological treatment to improve both patients' outcomes and quality of life. The latest clinical trials to evaluate ivabradine's efficacy have underlined its usefulness as a stand-alone medication and in combination with conventional congestive heart failure therapy, including in chronic kidney disease patients.
Biophysical Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease Management in Older Patients
Authors: Foletti Alberto , Cozzolino Mario
Published: May 2018

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its clinical progression are a critical issue in an aging population. Therefore, strategies aimed at preventing and managing the decline of renal function are warranted. Recent evidence has provided encouraging results for the improvement of renal function achieved through an integrated biophysical approach, but prospective studies on the clinical efficacy of this strategy are still lacking. This was an open-label prospective pilot study to investigate the effect of electromagnetic information transfer through the aqueous system on kidney function of older patients affected by stage 1 or 2 CKD.

Methods

Patients received biophysical therapy every 3 months over a 1-year period. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values were calculated using the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration formula, and were recorded at baseline and at the end of treatment. Overall, 58 patients (mean age 74.8 ± 3.7 years) were included in the study.

Results

At baseline, mean eGFR was 64.6 ± 15.5 mL/min, and it significantly increased to 69.9 ± 15.8 mL/min after 1 year (+5.2 ± 10 mL/min, p<0.0002). The same trend was observed among men (+5.7 ± 10.2 mL/min, p<0.0064) and women (+4.7 ± 9.9 mL/min, p<0.014). When results were analyzed by sex, no difference was found between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

Although further and larger prospective studies are needed, our findings suggest that an integrated biophysical approach may be feasible in the management of older patients with early-stage CKD, to reduce and prevent the decline of renal function due to aging or comorbidities.