bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Metal Content of Highly Accreting Quasars
Authors: Śniegowska Marzena , Marziani Paola , Czerny Bożena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , del Olmo Ascensión , D’Onofrio Mauro
Published: April 2021

We present an analysis of UV spectra of 13 quasars believed to belong to extreme Population A (xA) quasars, aimed at the estimation of the chemical abundances of the broad-line-emitting gas. Metallicity estimates for the broad-line-emitting gas of quasars are subject to a number of caveats; xA sources with the strongest Fe ii emission offer several advantages with respect to the quasar general population, as their optical and UV emission lines can be interpreted as the sum of a low-ionization component roughly at quasar rest frame (from virialized gas), plus a blueshifted excess (a disk wind), in different physical conditions. Capitalizing on these results, we analyze the component at rest frame and the blueshifted one, exploiting the dependence of several intensity line ratios on metallicity Z. We find that the validity of intensity line ratios as metallicity indicators depends on the physical conditions. We apply the measured diagnostic ratios to estimate the physical properties of sources such as density, ionization, and metallicity of the gas. Our results confirm that the two regions (the low-ionization component and the blueshifted excess) of different dynamical conditions also show different physical conditions and suggest metallicity values that are high, and probably the highest along the quasar main sequence, with Z ∼ 20−50 Z
⊙, if the solar abundance ratios can be assumed constant. We found some evidence of an overabundance of aluminum with respect to carbon, possibly due to selective enrichment of the broad-line-emitting gas by supernova ejecta.
A Homogeneous Comparison between the Chemical Composition of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy*
Authors: Minelli A. , Mucciarelli A. , Romano D. , Bellazzini M. , Origlia L. , Ferraro F. R.
Published: April 2021

Similarities in the chemical composition of two of the closest Milky Way satellites, namely, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy, have been proposed in the literature, suggesting similar chemical enrichment histories between the two galaxies. This proposition, however, rests on different abundance analyses, which likely introduce various systematics that hamper a fair comparison among the different data sets. In order to bypass this issue (and highlight real similarities and differences between their abundance patterns), we present a homogeneous chemical analysis of 30 giant stars in the LMC, 14 giant stars in Sgr, and 14 giants in the Milky Way, based on high-resolution spectra taken with the spectrograph UVES-FLAMES. The LMC and Sgr stars, in the considered metallicity range ([Fe/H] > −1.1 dex), show very similar abundance ratios for almost all the elements, with differences only in the heavy s-process elements Ba, La, and Nd, suggesting a different contribution by asymptotic giant branch stars. On the other hand, the two galaxies have chemical patterns clearly different from those measured in the Galactic stars, especially for the elements produced by massive stars. This finding suggests that the massive stars contributed less to the chemical enrichment of these galaxies with respect to the Milky Way. The derived abundances support similar chemical enrichment histories for the LMC and Sgr.
Physical Characteristics of Unstructured Coronal Clouds
Authors: Asgari-Targhi M. , Golub L. , Hahn M. , Karna N. , Savin D. W.
Published: April 2021

Active regions in the inner solar corona, when observed in X-ray emission, consist of bright, hot loops surrounded by unstructured clouds. The emission from the clouds extends to a height of ≈4–5 × 104 km at temperatures of ≈2–3 MK. These “hot clouds” are variable, but persist for many days and do not appear to connect directly to the active region streamers or other large-scale structures observed higher in the corona. We present an observational analysis of these diffuse structures to establish basic plasma parameters such as magnetic field strength, particle density, and temperature. The values of β, the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic field pressure, were found to be generally less than unity, though often approaching unity in the upper portions of the active region, where the hot clouds are located. The magnetic field may therefore only partially confine these regions and inhibit flare-like instabilities that could otherwise be driven by gradients of plasma pressure and current density.
Gas Infalling Motions in the Envelopes of Very Low Luminosity Objects
Authors: Kim Mi-Ryang , Lee Chang Won , Maheswar G. , Myers Philip C. , Kim Gwanjeong
Published: April 2021

We present the results of a single-dish survey toward 95 very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs) in optically thick (HCN 1−0) and thin (N2H+ 1−0) lines performed for the purpose of understanding the physical processes of inward motions in the envelopes of the VeLLOs and characterizing their true nature. The normalized velocity differences (

δ

V

HCN

) between the peak velocities of the two lines were derived for 41 VeLLOs detected in both lines. The δ
V distribution of these VeLLOs is found to be significantly skewed to the blue, indicating the dominance of infalling motions in their envelopes. The infall speeds were derived for 15 infall candidates by using the HILL5 radiative transfer model. The speeds were in the range of 0.03−0.3 km s−1, with a median value of 0.16 km s−1, consistent with the gravitational freefall speeds from pressure-free envelopes. The mass infall rates calculated from the infall speeds are mostly of the order of 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1, with a median value of (3.4 ± 1.5) × 10−6
M
⊙ yr−1. These are found to be also consistent with the values predicted with the inside-out collapse model and show a fairly good correlation with the internal luminosities of the VeLLOs. This again indicates that the infall motions observed toward the VeLLOs are likely to be due to the gravitational infall motions in their envelopes. Our study suggests that most of the VeLLOs are potentially faint protostars, while two of the VeLLOs could possibly be proto−brown dwarf candidates.
The Nature of the Eccentric Double-lined Eclipsing Binary System KIC 2306740 with Kepler Space Photometry
Authors: Koçak D. , Yakut K. , Southworth J. , Eggleton P. P. , İçli T. , Tout C. A. , Bloemen S.
Published: April 2021

We present a detailed study of KIC 2306740, an eccentric double-lined eclipsing binary system. Kepler satellite data were combined with spectroscopic data obtained with the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope (WHT). This allowed us to determine precise orbital and physical parameters of this relatively long period (P = 10.ͩ3) and slightly eccentric (e = 0.3) binary system. The physical parameters have been determined to be M
1 = 1.194 ± 0.008 M
⊙, M
2 = 1.078 ± 0.007 M
⊙, R
1 = 1.682 ± 0.004 R
⊙, R
2 = 1.226 ± 0.005 R
⊙, L
1 = 2.8 ± 0.4 L
⊙, L
2 = 1.8 ± 0.2 L
⊙, and orbital separation a = 26.20 ± 0.04 R
⊙ through simultaneous solutions of the Kepler light curves and WHT radial velocity data. Binarity effects were extracted from the light curve in order to study intrinsic variations in the residuals. Five significant and more than 100 combination frequencies were detected. We modeled the binary system assuming nonconservative evolution models with the Cambridge stars (twin) code, and we show the evolutionary tracks of the components in the

log
L
–
log
T

plane, the

log
R
–
log
M

plane, and the

log
P
–
age

plane for both spin and orbital periods together with eccentricity e and

log

R

1

. The model of the nonconservative processes in the code led the system to evolve to the observed system parameters in roughly 5.1 Gyr.
A Knee Point in the Rotation–Activity Scaling of Late-type Stars with a Connection to Dynamo Transitions
Authors: Lehtinen Jyri J. , Käpylä Maarit J. , Olspert Nigul , Spada Federico
Published: April 2021

The magnetic activity of late-type stars is correlated with their rotation rates. Up to a certain limit, stars with smaller Rossby numbers, defined as the rotation period divided by the convective turnover time, have higher activity. A more detailed look at this rotation–activity relation reveals that, rather than being a simple power-law relation, the activity scaling has a shallower slope for the low-Rossby stars than for the high-Rossby ones. We find that, for the chromospheric Ca II H&K activity, this scaling relation is well modeled by a broken two-piece power law. Furthermore, the knee point of the relation coincides with the axisymmetry to nonaxisymmetry transition seen in both the spot activity and surface magnetic field configuration of active stars. We interpret this knee point as a dynamo transition between dominating axi- and nonaxisymmetric dynamo regimes with a different dependence on rotation and discuss this hypothesis in the light of current numerical dynamo models.
On the Beam Filling Factors of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Yan Qing-Zeng , Yang Ji , Yang Su  , Sun Yan , Wang Chen
Published: April 2021

Imaging surveys of CO and other molecular transition lines are fundamental to measuring the large-scale distribution of molecular gas in the Milky Way. Due to finite angular resolution and sensitivity, however, observational effects are inevitable in the surveys, but few studies are available on the extent of uncertainties involved. The purpose of this work is to investigate the dependence of observations on angular resolution (beam sizes), sensitivity (noise levels), distances, and molecular tracers. To this end, we use high-quality CO images of a large-scale region (258 < l < 497 and ∣b∣ < 5°) mapped by the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) survey as a benchmark to simulate observations with larger beam sizes and higher noise levels, deriving corresponding beam filling and sensitivity clip factors. The sensitivity clip factor is defined to be the completeness of observed flux. Taking the entire image as a whole object, we found that 12CO has the largest beam filling and sensitivity clip factors and C18O has the lowest. For molecular cloud samples extracted from images, the beam filling factor can be described by a characteristic size, l
1/4 = 0.762 (in beam size), at which the beam filling factor is approximately 1/4. The sensitivity clip factor shows a similar relationship but is more correlated with the mean voxel signal-to-noise ratio of molecular clouds. This result may serve as a practical reference on beam filling and sensitivity clip factors in further analyses of the MWISP data and other observations.
Backstreaming Pickup Ions
Authors: Gedalin Michael , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: April 2021

Ions that are reflected at the shock front and escape back into the upstream region can play the role of ions that start to be accelerated by a diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. Backstreaming ions have been shown to be generated from a superthermal tail of the solar wind at sufficiently high upstream temperatures. The number of such ions was found to be low and they were not found at shock angles exceeding 50°. The mechanism of production is multiple reflection when an ion changes the direction of motion inside the ramp for the first time, due to the cross-shock potential. Since pickup ions (PUIs) constitute a strongly superthermal population of protons a substantially stronger production of backstreaming PUIs can be expected. We study the reflection of PUIs in a planar stationary shock front using test particle analysis. The used model is inspired by the observed profile of the termination shock. The influence of magnetic compression, the shock angle, and the overshoot are analyzed. It is found that generation of backstreaming PUIs in this shock is substantially more efficient than the generation of backstreaming protons from thermal solar wind. The fraction of backstreaming PUIs rapidly increases with the increase of magnetic compression and the decrease of the shock angle. Overshoot enhances production of backstreaming PUIs and allows it for larger shock angles. No backstreaming ions have been found for shock angles larger than 60°. The results of the test particle analysis are supported by full-particle simulations.
The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/Optical Size of 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Jiménez-Andrade E. F. , Murphy E. J. , Heywood I. , Smail I. , Penner K. , Momjian E. , Dickinson M. , Armus L. , Lazio T. J. W.
Published: April 2021

To investigate the growth history of galaxies, we measure the rest-frame radio, ultraviolet (UV), and optical sizes of 98 radio-selected, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) distributed over 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 with a median stellar mass of

log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
≈
10.4

. We compare the size of galaxy stellar disks, traced by rest-frame optical emission, relative to the overall extent of star formation activity that is traced by radio continuum emission. Galaxies in our sample are identified in three Hubble Frontier Fields: MACS J0416.1−2403, MACS J0717.5+3745, and MACS J1149.5+2223. Radio continuum sizes are derived from 3 and 6 GHz radio images (≲0.″6 resolution, ≈0.9 μJy beam−1 noise level) from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Rest-frame UV and optical sizes are derived using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 instruments. We find no clear dependence between the 3 GHz radio size and stellar mass of SFGs, which contrasts with the positive correlation between the UV/optical size and stellar mass of galaxies. Focusing on SFGs with

log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
>
10

, we find that the radio/UV/optical emission tends to be more compact in galaxies with high star formation rates (≳100 M
⊙ yr−1), suggesting that a central, compact starburst (and/or an active galactic nucleus) resides in the most luminous galaxies of our sample. We also find that the physical radio/UV/optical size of radio-selected SFGs with log(M
⋆/M
⊙) > 10 increases by a factor of 1.5–2 from z ≈ 3 to z ≈ 0.3, yet the radio emission remains two to three times more compact than that from the UV/optical. These findings indicate that these massive, radio-selected SFGs at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 tend to harbor centrally enhanced star formation activity relative to their outer disks.
Fever of Unknown Origin: An Overview of the Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Kim Eun Jin
Published: April 2021

Although fever of unknown origin (FUO) was first defined in 1961, it remains a diagnostic challenge. The revised 1991 definition categorized FUO into classic FUO, nosocomial FUO, neutropenic FUO, and human immunodeficiency virus-related FUO, each requiring at least three outpatient visits or 3 days of in-hospital stay. The causes of classic FUO differ greatly geographically and temporally, and are divided into infections, noninfectious inflammatory diseases, neoplasms, and miscellaneous diseases. A systematic, comprehensive and rational approach is required for appropriate diagnosis. A medical history and physical examination are very important; they may reveal diagnostic clues. Here, we review the literature on the causes and diagnostic approaches of classical FUO.
Nafcillin-Associated Hypokalemia
Authors: Lee Do Hyun , Lee Eun Kyoung , Kim So Mi , Cho Jong Tae , Kim Seok Weon , Lee Ji-eun
Published: April 2021

Hypokalemia is a common finding in various clinical settings; it is associated with diuretic use and loss of potassium via the gastrointestinal tract. Less common causes are renal tubular acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, excess insulin, primary hyperaldosteronism, and medications, such as amphotericin B. Nafcillin, a narrow-spectrum penicillin class antibiotic, which is selectively prescribed for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcal aureus infections, and is commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, in rare cases it can cause hypokalemia, which is usually overlooked. Severe hypokalemia was detected in a 59-year-old male patient hospitalized due to traumatic cerebral hemorrhage who received 12 g of nafcillin per day for more than 2 weeks for sepsis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis. We confirmed the association between nafcillin and hypokalemia through further evaluation and a review of the relevant literature. Clinicians should be aware of hypokalemia as a complication when using high doses of nafcillin.
2021 Korean Heart Rhythm Society Guidelines for Screening and Management of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee Jung Myung , Kim Tae-Hoon , Park Jin-Kyu , Joung Boyoung , Choi Eue-Keun
Published: April 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a strong risk factor for embolic stroke. In patients with AF, optimal anticoagulation therapy, administered according to the stroke risk scoring system, can effectively reduce the stroke risk. However, AF episodes are frequently asymptomatic, with a significant number of them detected after a stroke event. Therefore, the early detection of subclinical AF and the subsequent administration of optimal oral anticoagulation therapy is expected to reduce the risk of stroke. However, this strategy requires more effective screening for the detection of AF in the asymptomatic stage, which accounts for the recent research interest in silent/subclinical AF. Today, the widespread use of cardiac implantable electronic devices and wearable rhythm monitors has enabled the detection of atrial high-rate episodes/subclinical AF in a substantial number of patients. The risk of stroke appears to be related to the duration of this phenomenon. Subclinical AF increases the risk of stroke, but generally not as much as clinical AF, but whether long-term anticoagulation therapy is required in patients with subclinical AF is unclear. Here we review existing data on the epidemiology, clinical significance, and suggest guidelines on management of subclinical AF and the optimal screening strategies aimed at its detection.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Song Myeong Jun
Published: April 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem with comorbidities including obesity and dyslipidemia. Although the manifestations of NAFLD range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, these may potentially give rise to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms underlying NAFLD, and the factors that determine the individual risk of disease progression, remain poorly known. The most obvious clinicopathological characteristic of NAFLD is hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequent inflammation. In hepatocytes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical site of protein synthesis, detoxification, lipid and glucose metabolism, and Ca2+ homeostasis; the ER is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Hepatic accumulation of lipids stresses the ER; this activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is classically viewed as an adaptive pathway that maintains ER homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that UPR sensors regulate hepatic steatosis and the cellular response to lipotoxic stress. Therefore, the basic mechanisms of ER stress and UPR induction are of great interest for understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The present review focuses on the roles played by ER stress and the UPR in NAFLD pathogenesis.
Le règlement des conflits Kanaks en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Féral François , Madinier Anne-Lise
Published: April 2021

Résumé En Nouvelle-Calédonie le traitement des litiges des personnes de statut civil coutumier se réalise selon les principes de la coutume kanake, notamment par le recours aux arbitrages des chefferies et de la hiérarchie des autorités coutumières. Cependant le nombre des conflits est aujourd'hui multiplié par la crise identitaire de la société kanake et ils sont aggravés par les limites la juridicité de la coutume telle qu'elle est établie aujourd'hui dans le cadre de la loi organique de 1999 qui porte le statut de cette collectivité d'outre-mer. Emmenées par le sénat coutumier, les instances coutumières kanakes proposent un cadre pragmatique de traitement des conflits inspiré par le modèle du palabre. Les chefferies ont adopté également une charte du peuple kanak permettant de se référer à des principes de vie et à des valeurs servant de base aux décisions arbitrales.
L'aveu dans la procédure pénale
Authors: Viaut Laura
Published: April 2021

Résumé L'aveu, « reine des preuves », a longtemps été restreint à la dimension principalement probante que la procédure lui reconnaît par tradition. Mais on ne peut plus, à l'heure de la mise en place des modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits pour les affaires de faible gravité, ne pas exploiter son potentiel d'instrument de gestion de la conflictualité. Le cumul des fonctions probante et cathartique permet d'accorder à l'aveu la pertinence qu'il mérite dans le processus judiciaire ; l'échange entre coupable et victime constitue la promesse de la justice restaurative. Et si cette parole ne peut parfois suffire à pardonner, elle a tout au moins la pertinence d'intégrer davantage l'être au processus de jugement.
La ville du quart d’heure
Authors: Paquot Thierry
Published: April 2021

La récente communication de la ville de Paris autour de « la ville du quart d’heure », où toutes les commodités seraient accessibles en quinze minutes de marche, soulèvent la question des politiques temporelles de la ville : comment l’espace urbain doit-il être aménagé pour favoriser l’organisation quotidienne ?
La mémoire en péril
Authors: Cantin Serge
Published: April 2021

Nos sociétés contemporaines, prises dans une course au développement et à l’innovation, conçoivent spontanément leur devenir historique selon l’idée de progrès, au détriment d’un sens de la tradition pourtant indispensable à leur équilibre. Le philosophe Fernand Dumont a interrogé cet a priori collectif, en rappelant l’importance de la mémoire et d’un certain rapport au passé pour l’avenir de toute culture.
Pourquoi se souvenir de Srebrenica ?
Authors: Hartmann Florence
Published: April 2021

Il faut se souvenir du massacre de Srebrenica comme l’aboutissement d’une idéologie raciste, afin que le droit humanitaire international ne soit plus considéré comme une contrainte, mais comme un instrument de lutte contre la barbarie.
Kurdes syriens : après l’exil, l’apatridie en Europe
Authors: McGee Thomas , Bahram Haqqi
Published: April 2021

Des millions de Syriens ont demandé l’asile à l’étranger, d’abord dans les pays voisins puis en Europe occidentale. Parmi eux, de très nombreux Kurdes ont été rendus apatrides par l’État syrien. Confrontés à des systèmes d’asile européens peu au fait des questions d’apatridie, ils se heurtent à des difficultés parfois insurmontables pour faire reconnaître leur statut d’apatride, puis pour obtenir la naturalisation. Ces obstacles et cette impossibilité d’accéder à des solutions durables peuvent entraîner exclusion sociale et non-intégration au sein de la société d’accueil.
Enregistrer les naissances pour prévenir l’apatridie
Authors: Manby Bronwen
Published: April 2021

Ces dernières années, les Nations unies ont fait de la prévention de l’apatridie un de leurs objectifs. Pour l’atteindre, l’accent a été mis sur l’enregistrement des naissances et sur l’accès aux actes d’état civil. Pourtant, même dans les pays où ces taux d’enregistrement sont élevés, migrants et réfugiés sont confrontés à de grandes difficultés pour faire reconnaître leurs enfants, qui tiennent tout autant à leur statut légal dans ces États d’accueil qu’à l’accès aux services consulaires de leurs États d’origine.
Sans papiers, sans patrie ?
Authors: Le Courant Stefan
Published: April 2021

L’apatridie n’est pas seulement causée par le refus d’un État de reconnaître ses ressortissant·es comme tel·les, et de leur octroyer des papiers. Elle peut être opportuniste lorsqu’elle sert à déjouer les contrôles ou pour se soustraire à une mesure d’éloignement (parfois avec la complicité des autorités de son pays d’origine). Il existe également une apatridie de fait, qui peut se définir comme la condition de vie de celles et ceux qui sont maintenus dans l’invisibilité et qui n’ont d’existence ni ici ni là-bas.
Pas vraiment étranger, mais presque apatride
Authors: D. A. , Lévy-Vroelant Claire
Published: April 2021

Claire Lévy-Vroelant a rencontré A.D. un peu par hasard. Une connaissance lui avait parlé de ce jeune homme qu’elle avait aidé au début des années 2000 dans le cadre du Réseau Éducation Sans Frontières, alors qu’il était apatride. Le contact pris, A.D. a bien voulu revenir sur son parcours.
À Mayotte, la mise à sac des quartiers pauvres
Authors: Gros Daniel
Published: April 2021

Alors que l’opinion s’émouvait, en pleine trêve hivernale, de l’évacuation par la force de centaines de personnes sans abri qui tentaient d’occuper la place de la République à Paris, à Mayotte, le préfet multipliait, avec la même brutalité, les destructions de quartiers entiers. Mais, cette fois-ci, dans l’indifférence générale ou presque. Qu’elle soit visible ou dissimulée, la brutalité de l’État cible les mêmes victimes : les franges les plus pauvres d’une population indésirable.
1981, l’incendie de New Cross, un tournant dans l’histoire des Noirs britanniques
Authors: Abdallah Mogniss H.
Published: April 2021

Dans la nuit du 17 au 18 janvier 1981, l’incendie d’une maison au 439 New Cross Road, dans le sud de Londres, provoque la mort de 13 jeunes Noirs et en blesse 27 autres. Qui a mis le feu ? On ne le sait toujours pas. À la suite d’une enquête inaboutie, la police est mise en cause pour son déni de toute motivation raciste. Le « New Cross Massacre » suscite un immense émoi et une mobilisation dans tout le pays, culminant avec le Black People’s Day of Action, qui rassemble 20 000 personnes. Quelques semaines après éclatent les émeutes de Brixton. Ces événements vont accélérer les changements pour la reconnaissance des communautés noires dans la société britannique.
Vous avez dit « entrepreneuriat » ?
Authors: Lettenhove Maïté Kervyn de , Lemaître Andreia
Published: April 2021

L’article interroge la forme que prend, au Bénin, la réémergence du discours sur l’entrepreneuriat, en se penchant sur l’évolution de la figure de petit entrepreneur dans le discours – globalisé – des « partenaires du développement » et sur la manière dont la figure d’entrepreneur est acceptée et réinterprétée localement par les élites et les populations bénéficiaires des programmes de soutien à l’entrepreneuriat. À travers l’analyse d’entretiens et de discussions de groupe, nos résultats montrent que, bien que la désignation « entrepreneur » soit désormais largement adoptée par les populations locales, ce terme, en contre-pied des tendances récentes des politiques d’aide, est principalement associé à la sécurisation réussie du groupe domestique et à la création de travail pour autrui.
La formation à l’entrepreneuriat de soi dans l’université marocaine
Authors: Hanif Salwa , Sabri Rhita
Published: April 2021

La formation à la culture entrepreneuriale qui est conçue, financée et dispensée par l’association Injaz Al-Maghrib est délivrée dans la quasi-totalité des établissements de l’enseignement supérieur public marocain. Nous considérons que l’État marocain se « décharge » ainsi de la formation aux compétences comportementales sur cette ONG, tout en conservant au sein des universités publiques la mission de la formation aux savoirs théoriques et/ou techniques. Une étude ethnographique, réalisée dans les espaces de cette association, nous montre le mécanisme de l’introduction et, à terme, de l’institutionnalisation de cette formation dans les universités marocaines et son rôle dans la reproduction de certaines structures sociales, et la formation de nouveaux citoyens moins revendicateurs vis-à-vis de l’État.
Is the New Monetary Consensus Still Alive? A Critical Economic and Philosophical Appraisal
Authors: Pilkington Marc
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse critique du nouveau consensus monétaire (NMC) d’un point de vue méthodologique, afin d’évaluer sa pertinence. Bien que les mantras du consensus ne soient pas contestables en tant que tels, nous soutenons l’idée que les fondements méthodologiques du NMC expliquent son échec paradigmatique à prévoir la crise financière de 2008, et à constituer une source d’inspiration fiable pour les politiques post-crise 2008. Nous mettons particulièrement l’accent sur la nature problématique des modèles pré-crise 2008. Nous concluons que le nouveau consensus monétaire a cessé d’être pertinent plus de dix ans après le début de la crise mondiale.
Penser la paix économique : au-delà de l’harmonie sociale, les conditions de pacification de l’économie
Authors: Ottaviani Fiona , Steiler Dominique
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une contribution théorique afin de penser la paix dans le champ de l’économie. Nous mettons en exergue que les conditions de pacification des relations socio-économiques demeurent en partie impensée par la discipline économique qui a pourtant consacré une part de ses analyses à la question de l’harmonie sociale. Codes JEL : A1, B13, B15, N01.
Du capital à la propriété : histoire et justice dans le travail de Thomas Piketty
Authors: Brisset Nicolas , Walraevens Benoît
Published: April 2021

Le présent article revient sur le dernier ouvrage de Thomas Piketty, Capital et idéologie (2019). Nous commençons par inscrire l’ouvrage dans l’argument développé par l’auteur dans ses précédents ouvrages, avant d’en souligner un certain nombre de limites. Nous questionnons d’abord la manière dont Piketty pense le capitalisme, avant d’en venir à sa théorie de l’idéologie. Enfin, nous tenterons de définir les contours et limites du projet de dépassement du capitalisme de Piketty, c’est-à-dire sa vision d’une société juste, d’un « socialisme participatif », développée au dernier chapitre de l’ouvrage. Codes JEL : B4 ; B51 ; D63 ; N01.
Subellipticity of some complex vector fields related to the Witten Laplacian
Authors: Li Wei Xi , Xu Chao Jiang
Published: April 2021

We consider some system of complex vector fields related to the semi-classical Witten Laplacian, and establish the local subellipticity of this system basing on condition \begin{document}$ (\Psi) $\end{document}.
Radon measure solutions for steady compressible hypersonic-limit Euler flows passing cylindrically symmetric conical bodies
Authors: Jin Yunjuan , Qu Aifang , Yuan Hairong
Published: April 2021

We study steady uniform hypersonic-limit Euler flows passing a finite cylindrically symmetric conical body in the Euclidean space \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^3 $\end{document}, and its interaction with downstream static gas lying behind the tail of the body. Motivated by Newton's theory of infinite-thin shock layers, we propose and construct Radon measure solutions with density containing Dirac measures supported on surfaces and prove the Newton-Busemann pressure law of hypersonic aerodynamics. It happens that if the pressure of the downstream static gas is quite large, the Radon measure solution terminates at a finite distance from the tail of the body. The main difficulty of the analysis is a correct definition of Radon measure solutions. The results are helpful to understand mathematically some physical phenomena and formulas about hypersonic inviscid flows.
Asymptotic behavior of time periodic solutions for extended Fisher-Kolmogorov equations with delays
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Zhang Xuping , Zhang Zhitao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the global existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of time periodic classical solution for a class of extended Fisher-Kolmogorov equations with delays and general nonlinear term. We establish a general framework to investigate the asymptotic behavior of time periodic solutions for nonlinear extended Fisher-Kolmogorov equations with delays and general nonlinear function, which will provide an effective way to deal with such kinds of problems. The discussion is based on the theory of compact and analytic operator semigroups and maximal regularization method.
A general multipatch cholera model in periodic environments
Authors: Wang Feng-Bin , Wang Xueying
Published: April 2021

This paper is devoted to a general multipatch cholera epidemic model to investigate disease dynamics in a periodic environment. The basic reproduction number \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0 $\end{document} is introduced and a threshold type of result is established in terms of \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0 $\end{document}. Specifically, we show that when \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0<1 $\end{document}, the disease-free steady state is globally attractive if either immigration of hosts is homogeneous or immunity loss of human hosts can be neglected; when \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0>1 $\end{document}, the disease is uniformly persistent and our system admits at least one positive periodic solution. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the impact of asymptotic infections and population dispersal on the spread of cholera. Our result indicates that (a) neglecting asymptotic infections may underestimate the risk of infection; (b) travel can help the disease to become persistent (resp. eradicated) in the network, even though the disease dies out (resp. persists) in each isolated patch.
Pullback random attractors for fractional stochastic $ p $-Laplacian equation with delay and multiplicative noise
Authors: Zhang Xuping
Published: April 2021

This paper is concerned with the pullback random attractors of nonautonomous nonlocal fractional stochastic \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}-Laplacian equation with delay driven by multiplicative white noise defined on bounded domain. We first prove the existence of a continuous nonautonomous random dynamical system for the equations as well as the uniform estimates of solutions with respect to the delay time and noise. We then show pullback asymptotical compactness of solutions and the existence of tempered random attractors by utilizing the Arzela-Ascoli theorem and appropriate uniform estimates of the solutions. Finally, we establish the upper semicontinuity of the random attractors when time delay approaches zero.
Corporate Sector Fraud
Authors: Maurya Jay Prakash , Rathore Deepak , Joshi Sunil , Manoria Manish , Richhariya Vivek
Published: April 2021

This chapter aims to possess a review of machine learning techniques for detection of corporate fraud in modern era. Detecting company frauds using traditional procedures is time costly as immense volume of information must be analysed. Thus, further analytical procedures should be used. Machine learning techniques are most emerging topic with great importance in field of information learning and prediction. The machine learning (ML) approach to fraud detection has received a lot of promotion in recent years and shifted business interest from rule-based fraud detection systems to ML-based solutions. Machine learning permits for making algorithms that process giant data-sets with several variables and facilitate realize these hidden correlations between user behaviors and also the probability of fallacious actions. Strength of machine learning systems compared to rule-based ones is quicker processing and less manual work. The chapter aims at machine-driven analysis of knowledge reports exploitation machine learning paradigm to spot fraudulent companies.
A Study on Various Applications of Data Mining and Supervised Learning Techniques in Business Fraud Detection
Authors: Majumder Amit , Nath Ira
Published: April 2021

Data mining technique helps us to extract useful data from a large dataset of any raw data. It is used to analyse and identify data patterns and to find anomalies and correlations within dataset to predict outcomes. Using a broad range of techniques, we can use this information to improve customer relationships and reduce risks. Data mining and supervised learning have applications in multiple fields of science and research. Machine learning looks at patterns of data and helps to predict future behaviour by learning from the patterns. Data mining is normally used as a source of information on which machine learning can be applied to solve some of problems in our daily life. Supervised learning is one type of machine learning method which uses labelled data consisting of input along with the label of inputs and generates one learned model (or classifier for classification type work) which can be used to label unknown data. Financial accounting fraud detection has become an emerging topic in the field of academic, research and industries.
Detection and Prevention of Fraud in the Digital Era
Authors: Altuk Evrim Vildan
Published: April 2021

It is essential for businesses to keep up with the technological advances. Today nearly all the businesses depend on computer technologies and the Internet to operate as technological developments have introduced many practical methods for businesses. Yet, transformation of businesses technologically also presents new means for the criminals, which has led to new types of fraud. It is crucial for businesses to take measures to prevent fraud. Traditional methods to prevent or to detect fraud seems to be ineffective for new types of fraud in the digital era. Therefore, new methods have been used to prevent and detect fraud. This chapter reviews fraud as a form of cybercrime in the digital era and aims to introduce the methods that have been used to detect and prevent it.
Outsourcing of Internal Audit Services Instead of Traditional Internal Audit Units
Authors: Acar Uğurlu Yasemin , Demir Pali Çağla
Published: April 2021

The internal audit function traditionally establishes and continues its activities within the company, but it can also be provided by professionals outside the organization. Therefore, internal audit activities can be provided in three ways: the internal audit department established within the organization (in-house), the internal audit service provided by an audit firm (outsourcing), the joint operation of the internal audit department and the audit firm (co-sourcing). To choose the better approach for a company, the scale of the organization, the attitude and understanding of the management, and industry in which the company operates in must be taken into consideration. This study is a literature review that classifies the studies carried out on these methods that are used in performing internal audit activities.
Prediction of Corporate Failures for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Europe
Authors: Eskantar Marianna , Doumpos Michalis , Grigoroudis Evangelos , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: April 2021

The risk of bankruptcy is naturally faced by all corporate organizations, and there are various factors that may lead an organization to bankruptcy, including microeconomic and macroeconomic ones. Many researchers have studied the prediction of business bankruptcy risk in recent decades. However, the research on better tools continues to evolve, utilizing new methodologies from various scientific fields of management science and computer science. This chapter deals with the development of statistical and artificial intelligence methodologies for predicting failures for small and medium-sized enterprises, considering financial and macroeconomic data. Empirical results are presented for a large sample of European firms.
Engendering Orientalism
Authors: Cicek Filiz
Published: April 2021

This study explores the elements of Orientalism in German-Turkish director Fatih Akin's films Head-On (2004) and The Edge of Heaven (2007). Utilizing Homi Bhabha's theory of “third spaces,” which immigrants often inhabit, and Edward Said's lens of the postcolonial gaze, I analyze the degree to which the bodies of immigrants willingly embody the mysterious “oriental,” and how and when it is projected upon male and female characters in these two films. Akin's characters dwell between a perceived and imaginary Occident and Orient, while living and traveling in the soil of both Germany and Turkey.
The Others of Babel in the Context of Orientalism
Authors: Sarı Gülşah , Gültekin Gökhan
Published: April 2021

Cinema is a branch of art that uses images. In this context, cinema can take Orientalism to a different dimension with images by using its own narrative language. In this study, the 2006 film Babel by Mexican director Alejandro G. Iñárritu is analyzed in order to show how the orientalist elements were constructed in the West's (Occident) otherization of the East (Orient). As a result of the analysis, it is seen that Babel put forward everything that is related to the East since its first scene, mostly with an orientalist point of view, in a way that alienates the East. The film is based on the fact that the language of the marginalized can never be understood, and therefore, there is always a difference between the West and the East.
Orientalist Museum Exhibitions in UK as a New Media at the Turn of the 21st Century
Authors: Yaşdağ Meltem
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, the author examined the orientalist themed museum exhibitions totally held in Britain after 2000 to understand the real intention behind their thematic artifact selection and their effect on people as becoming media tool. These were “Turks: A Journey of a Thousand Years, 600-1600” in 2005, “The Lure of the East: British Orientalist Painting” in 2008, and recent “Inspired by the East: How the Islamic World Influenced Western Art” in 2019, respectively. The author analyzed the criticisms in newspapers and magazines as well as curators' interviews and catalogs for the museum exhibitions organized in United Kingdom. In this way, the author also discussed the effects of the exhibition created with the media.
Spatial and Architectural Representations of the East in Selected Western Films and Games
Authors: Ozkan Altinoz Meltem
Published: April 2021

Aspects of Eastern culture have long been featured in Western cinema but seem to be less popular today. We see less use of spatial and architectural features attributed to the East and a worrying nihilistic trend, particularly in the gaming sector. Such distortions would seem to signify Western preferences, albeit ones shaped by real stakeholders, shape everyday perceptions of the East and its representation. This study traces oriental approaches through the use of space and architecture in several popular films and games and tries to understand the logic behind their visualization.
The Creation of Sustainable Orientalism in Cinema
Authors: Diker Can , Koç Esma
Published: April 2021

The myth of modern culture's superiority to other cultures is instilled as a norm to the masses through the media. The myth of the cultural superiority of the West not only formed with the economic possibilities of the West but was also supported by the non-Western world by self-orientalism, thus becoming sustainable. While themes such as modernity, development, and technological superiority are watched within the scope of Hollywood films, several platforms have been created for non-US countries to watch alternative films. Although films known as European and World Cinema have the chance to show themselves at film festivals rather than film theatres, non-Western directors face a cultural challenge in these festivals due to the sociocultural structure of Western-based film festivals. In this study, by examining how non-Western directors are directed towards self-orientalism indirectly through festivals and funds, the relationship between the creation of sustainable orientalism in cinema and the political economy of the film industry will be revealed.
Country in the East and West Claw
Authors: Sütcü Özcan Yılmaz
Published: April 2021

Nuri Bilge Ceylan puts the perspectives of Anatolia under pressure through the analysis of individuals' souls in the movie Winter Sleep (2014). He examines the “Western perspective” through the intellectuals (Aydın, Necla, and Levent) and the “religious and traditional perspective” of Anatolia through Imam Hamdi and Ismail. Ceylan gets individuals out of cultural and ideological codes and allows them to confront their own realities in Anatolian geography. This possibility can be expressed as a kind of Foucauldian violence. There is a violence of going into the deeper layers of the repressed, unresolved points. This is an inner violence that comes from stripping all code and layers. This internal violence is the result of the soul analysis that is reflected in Anatolia as a camera of people awakening in Winter Sleep. The immediacy of Anatolia's vital existence can only be grasped in the depths of vital experience itself.
Digital Games and Orientalism
Authors: Söğüt Fatih
Published: April 2021

The cultural and ideological tools that enable the West to maintain the imperial and colonial rule over the East have been varied. With the help of Western-based digital technologies and communication tools, it is possible to produce, publish, and distribute all kinds of information easily and quickly. The western and Western perspective is also reflected in the media content, and all kinds of popular media texts such as films, music, newspapers, magazines, toys are the bearers of the political social, cultural, and ideological structure of the West. Media texts produce discourses, especially about the ‘East' and position the East as one other. In this context, digital games should not be considered independent of the political, social, cultural, and economic structure in which they exist. The aim of this study is to assess research studies focusing on the orientalist perspective in digital games. While examining the relationship between orientalism and digital games within the framework of the literature, especially the Muslim and Arab representations in the plays were examined.
Orientalism and Humour
Authors: Biçer Serkan
Published: April 2021

Edward Said undoubtedly didn't analyze the concept of orientalism through an Ottoman or Turkish perspective in the context of the relationship with the West. However, although orientalism isn't directly connected to Turkey, it indirectly concerns the country as the image of Turkey and East is the same in many articles, literary works, political texts, and orientalist pictures. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the orientalist viewpoint about the Turkish identity on “9GAG” internet site, one of the most known humour sites created after 2000 with the participatory culture. In this study, the two-level interpretation system of Roland Barthes, involving the systematic connotation and denotation and myth, is used. The images of Turks in caps are presented with signifiers such as Turban, Islamic tabard, beard, prayer beads, coif, and shalwar. Signified, on the other hand, is usually the element of East, religion/Islam, tradition, underdevelopment, and violence. The specifically designed Turkish image is used as a kind of actor that creates a sense of threat.
Analysis of Poster Designs of Turkish TV Series on Ottoman History
Authors: Soğukkuyu Bahar
Published: April 2021

TV series are significant media products when considered as part of audience's leisure activities at home. Marketing of leisure activities to the audience in front of the screen as an indicator of individuality is one of the basic conditions of media consumption. With the watched product, the person feels that he belongs to a community, or, on the contrary, he is unique. It is possible for the individual who watches the historical series to adopt/reflect the national and social spirit. Again, as a part of the consumer society, the displays of the spectacular elements that emphasize the individual's need to express himself/herself with commodities are quite high. In the study, the poster designs of two series that are shown in Turkey (and in various countries of the world) and reach a wide audience have been examined with both visual design elements and principles and semiotics to reveal clues about cultural memory and orientalism in terms of reflecting the Ottoman history.