bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Content Analysis of YouTube™ Videos Related to Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sunsuwan Wichaya , Bejrananda Tanan
Published: March 2021

Objective: We examined the content of YouTube™ videos on urinary bladder cancer education and evaluated their usefulness in promoting early detection of the cancer. Material and Methods:A systematic search of YouTube™ for videos containing knowledge information on bladder cancer was conducted using the keywords ‘bladder cancer’. Details about demographics of videos, including type, length, source and viewers’ interaction were evaluated and 2 researchers independently assessed the videos for usefulness in promoting knowledge on bladder cancer.Results: A total of 100 YouTube™ videos (100 most viewed videos were reviewed and 48 videos were excluded including surgical technic videos, videos in non-English languages, patient testimonial videos and videos about complementary and alternative medicine. A total of 52 videos were analyzed. The highest number of videos were uploaded by medical websites (18, 34.6%), the mean number of views is highest in videos that were categorized as not useful (105,447), followed by very useful (74,940.6±120,980.8), slightly useful (46,219.6±101,261.4), moderately useful (34,941.0±35,413.1). The mean number of “likes” is highest in the very useful group (339.4±373.6), so is the “dislikes” (25.3±40.9).Conclusion: YouTube™ contains a diverse source of information on bladder cancer. Most videos on bladder cancer may not be informative for health education. Medical professionals, medical institutions, and professional organizations should improve the content of videos about bladder cancer to provide patients with reliable and useful information.
Problems of theory and history of teaching philological disciplines in Russia
Authors: Волков Александр Александрович
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы теории и истории преподавания филологических дисциплин в России в связи с развитием теории языка и культурной политики государства. Предлагается обоснование преподавания риторики как средства развития культуры мышления и противостояния манипулятивной практике средств массовой коммуникации.

The article considers the problems of theory and history of teaching philological disciplines in Russia in connection with the development of language theory and state cultural policy. A rationale for teaching rhetoric as a means of developing a culture of thinking and resisting the manipulative practices of mass communication is offered.
Some aspects of diary research methodology
Authors: Якубов Андрей
Published: March 2021

В статье представлена попытка предложить методологическую базу для исследования дневников как эго-текстов на базе богословского образования. Автор показывает актуальность исследования дневникового жанра, объясняя её современными тенденциями отечественного литературоведения. Предлагаются элементы возможного плана для написания исследования текстов дневникового жанра. Обозначена связь элементов эго-текстов с личностью их авторов. Показана широкая возможность для дальнейшего изучения дневников в богословской школе.

The article presents an attempt to propose a methodological basis for the study of diaries as ego-texts on the basis of theological education. The author shows the relevance of the study of the diary genre, explaining it by the current trends of domestic literary studies. Elements of a possible plan for The elements of a possible plan for writing a research of diary genre texts are proposed. The connection between the elements of ego-texts and the personality of their authors is outlined. A broad possibility for further study of diaries in theological schools is shown.
Влияние условий шлифования на магнитный отклик инструментальной стали AISI D2
Authors: Шарма Ашвани , Чаудхари Абхиманью , Авале Акаш Субхаш , Юсуфзай Мохд Захир Хан , Вашиста Меганшу
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, precision manufacturing industries are required faster surface inspection tools for the achievement of high productivity. In this context, the Barkhausen noise (BN) technique is adopted as a quick response technique in the grinding for qualitative evaluation of surface integrity of AISI D2 tool steel. Present work investigates the effect of eco-friendly coolant, i.e., cryogenic, on surface integrity of ground sample in the plunge grinding mode at different downfeed and compared with dry and wet environments. Surface integrity was assessed in respect of surface roughness, microstructure, and microhardness. Magnetic response of ground surface was reported by Barkhausen noise analyzer in the form of root mean square (rms), peak, and number of pulses. From the outcomes, it was perceived that no significant variations were found in the microstructure and microhardness of the ground surface and subsurface after cryo-grinding owing to lower thermo-mechanical loading. Besides, lower surface roughness was obtained in the case of cryo-grinding because of thermal softening effect. A linear correlation between BN input parameters, i.e., magnetic field intensity and BN responses at different magnetizing frequency could be achieved. Finally, better BN responses, including higher rms, peak, and number of pulses, were found under the cryogenic environment.
Clinical-laboratory diagnostics of HBsAg-negative form of chronic HBV infection
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, FAZYLOV V. Kh. , EREMEEVA Zh. G. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MANAPOVA E. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the work is to determine the clinical and laboratory criteria for the activity of the infectious process in HBsAg-negative chronic HBV infection. Material and methods. An in-depth clinical and laboratory examination of 59 patients with the HBsAg-negative form of chronic HBV infection was carried out. According to the preliminary results of an enzyme immunoassay of blood serum, the patients had the only marker of the disease — total antibodies to the core antigen of the hepatitis B virus (anti-HBcor) in the absence of HBsAg. Traditional methods of biological statistics were used with Student’s reliability not less that 95%. Results. Comparative characteristics of the two groups based on the results of DNA detection in the polymerase chain reaction (DNA HBV+; n = 30 and DNA HBV–; n = 29) established comparability in terms of the minimum clinical picture, mainly due to concomitant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in 40, 31% of cases, respectively; serological spectrum with the detection of total anti-HBcor in 100% of cases in the absence of HBsAg, a marker of inflammation and increased permeability of the hepatitis membrane — the activity of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase at a normal level in 65% of cases, and the absence of liver fibrosis in 89% of cases. Сonclusion. Thus, the relevance of studying HBsAg-negative (hidden, latent, occult) hepatitis B is of particular importance for the science and practice of healthcare today, as a source of infection with a risk of reactivation and subsequent development of the process with an outcome in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Monitoring of accidents with exposure to blood among medical workers of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, LOKOTKOVA A. I. , BULYCHEVA I. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NOVIKOVA O. G. ,   Republican Oncological Clinical Dispensary, MAMKEEV E. Kh. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, KARPENKO L. G. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Published: March 2021

Healthcare personnel are most at risk than any other profession regarding blood-borne infections due to their nature of work. The purpose is to determine the frequency and structure of accidents with blood exposure among the personnel of surgical and operating departments of two republican medical organizations in Kazan; to analyze the level of post-vaccination immunity to viral hepatitis B. Material and methods. We analyzed the data of accidents with blood exposure from registers in 2016–2018. The total amount of investigated medical personnel was 1673: doctors — 465, nurses — 1009 and nurse aids — 199. The personnel (n = 1474) was questioned about the accidents with blood exposure. Selective serological examination of 197 medical personnel for viral hepatitis B antibodies was conducted using the ELISA method (certified commercial test systems manufactured by Vektor-Best CJSC). Results. The frequency of accidents with blood exposure ranged from 7,4 to 10,5 per 1000 medical personnel. Nurses were exposed to blood-borne infections more frequently than other professions. The largest number of accidents with blood exposure is registered during surgical interventions. Most accidents with blood exposure are related to punctures (pricks) with injection and suture needles. However, according to the survey results, every third employee noted accidents with blood exposure over the past 5 years. Medical workers explain the lack of proper registration by fear of punishment and confidence in the post-vaccination immunity to the hepatitis B virus. Nevertheless, according to the serological monitoring results, 49,7% of medical personnel do not have the protective titer. Conclusion. Medical organizations should implement effective systems for monitoring and training medical personnel on epidemiological safety issues.
Predictive value of Ki-67 and p16 protein expression in pregnant women infected with HPV for assessing the course of intraepital lesions of cervix
Authors:   Russian University of Peoples Friendship of the Ministry of Education and Science, BEBNEVA T. N. , DIKKE G. B. ,   Academy of Medical Education named after F.I. Inozemtsev
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to determine the expression of Ki-67 and p16 in pregnant women infected with HPV, and their role in the diagnosis and prognosis of severe cervical neoplasia. Material and methods. Design: open-label observational non-interventional cohort clinical study. We examined 26 pregnant women infected with HPV, aged 23 to 31 years. Methods: general clinical nethods, Kvant-21 test for determining HPV types and quantitative load, cytological examination, determination of the expression of Ki-67 and p16 proteins by immunocytochemical method. Results. It was shown that with an increase of the cervical lesion severity, the proportion of patients with tumor markers increased (from 20% with NILM to 100% with HSIL), and the intensity of Ki-67/p16 expression was moderate (2+) in 25% of patients with LSIL and high (3+) in 100% of patients with HSIL. A higher statistically significant viral load was detected for the HPV A9 DNA group (16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58 types) upon detection of tumor markers compared with their absence, confirmed by a logit regression model with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89%. Conclusion. Due to the lack of an unambiguous opinion about the extent to which changes in the expression of Ki-67 and p16 reflect information about the CIN evolution during pregnancy, further research is needed to obtain data that would allow for an appropriate interpretation of the revealed phenomena.
Effectiveness of cerclage for the prevention of premature birth depending on the suture material used
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, YAKOVLEVA O. V. , YASHCHUK A. G. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, MASLENNIKOV A. V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, TYURINA A. A. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, ZAGIDULLINA R. R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The purpose — to compare the effectiveness of cerclage to reduce the frequency of preterm birth when using non-absorbable suture material in the form of a braided silk thread (4 mm) and a braided tape (5 mm), as well as to identify the frequency of complications when using them. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of cases and childbirth was conducted, as well as the analysis of own experience of applying cerclage with various suture materials in patients with isthmic-cervical insufficiency. A total of 157 patients were examined. Pregnancy outcomes, neonatal outcomes, and post-suture complications were evaluated. Results. 157 women were given cerclage at gestation periods of 14 to 23 weeks. There was no significant difference in the choice of suture material relative to the duration of pregnancy. Cerclage with thread was performed in 92 patients (58,6%) — group 1 and 65 patients were sutured with tape (41,4%) — group 2. Preterm birth occurred in 28 patients of the 2nd comparison group (18%) and 45 patients of the 1st group (29%). The duration of pregnancy in preterm birth was comparable in both groups. Conclusions. The study found that preterm birth after cerclage using a braided tape occurred less frequently than with the use of a braided silk thread. There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes in the comparison groups. Complications after cerclage, such as suture and cervical rupture, were found only in the group of women who underwent surgery using a woven silk thread.
Molecular-genetic polymorphism of breast cancer
Authors:   Multiprofile Medical Center, ZHUMAKAEVA A. M. , ZHAPPAROV E. I. ,   Multiprofile Medical Center, SHANAZAROV N. A. ,   Hospital of Medical Center of the Executive office of the Kazakhstan President, ZINCHENKO S. V. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University, SEYDALIN N. K. ,   Hospital of Medical Center of the Executive office of the Kazakhstan President, ARIPZHANOVA G. P. ,   Hospital of Medical Center of the Executive office of the Kazakhstan President, KHALIRAKHMANOV A. F. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer occupies a leading position worldwide in the structure of oncological diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. The life expectancy of patients has increased significantly due to the development of modern treatment methods such as targeted therapy, hormone and immunotherapy. This kind of treatment became available as a result of studying the molecular genetic features of breast cancer and the emergence of new diagnostic methods for detecting molecular structures. Currently, breast cancer treatment protocols are periodically updated and changed according to the results of modern research and the emergence of a new spectrum of targeted drugs and new targets for the drugs. In this review, we summarized the achievements of modern medicine in the field of molecular genetics and the features of breast cancer pathogenesis, such as luminal types of breast cancer, androgen positive types of breast cancer, new features of Her2/neu and Ki-67 overexpression.
Modern concepts of the adipose tissue effect on bone metabolism regulation
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University, KRUTIKOVA N. Yu. , EFREMENKOVA A. S. ,   Smolensk State Medical University
Published: March 2021

At present, it has been proved that adipose tissue, in addition to storing energy, is a complex hormonally active organ. Biological active substances secreted by adipose tissue, entering the general circulation, have a variety of metabolic effects, interact with various organs and systems, in particular with bone tissue, and participate in maintaining the constancy of the body internal environment. A number of hormones secreted by adipose tissue are well studied, such as leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, etc., others require further research in order to study their effects on various organs and systems. The published data suggest the multidirectional effect of biologically active substances on bone metabolism. The biological activity of hormones can be increased or decreased when interacting with receptors and/or binding proteins. Lack or excess of adipose tissue leads to various metabolic disorders and a shift in the dynamic balance of the constancy of the internal environment of the body.
Ultrasound neuroimaging as a technology for screening diagnostics of the central nervous system pathology in children
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, VASILYEVA Yu. P. , SKRIPCHENKO N. V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, KLIMKIN A. V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, VILNITS A. A. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, MARCHENKO N. V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, OSTAPENKO B. V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of analysis of 3466 examinations (2012–2018), obtained from screening of brain (neurosonography) and spinal cord (spinal ultrasonography) in children during an outpatient prophylactic examination (n = 593) and in the infectious hospital as a primary structural diagnostics of patients with a suspected infectious disease (n = 2873). In prophylactic screening, over a half of children (67%) demonstrated pathological changes in brain, of which 4,1% patients had symptomless course of structural deficit, which may cause unfavorable consequences. Spinal ultrasonography during an outpatient screening showed ultrasound symptoms of the spinal cord in 61% cases. When an infectious disease was suspected in the infectious hospital, neurosonography showed pathological changes in brain in 45% patients, and in 90% of cases the revealed disorders were not of infectious nature, but served as the ground for changing the therapeutic tactics, which determined the outcome of the main disease. The presented clinical cases substantiate the need for ultrasound screening of not only the brain but also the spinal cord at dispensarization of young children. The obtained results show the need to perform planned neurosonography at birth, at 1 and 3 months, at 1 year, further on indications stemming from previous examinations. Spinal ultrasonography should be performed to all children at the age of 1 month. The article also presents the experience of sonography screening in children with infectious diseases, which confirms the need to perform neurosonography during primary diagnostics in children of all ages with infectious diseases accompanied by general cerebral syndrome.
Making Environmental Law Function in the Anthropocene
Authors: Robinson Nicholas A.
Published: March 2021

Earth is home to all known life, on land, within the oceans, inland waters, and amidst the atmosphere. This community of life exists within well recognized frontiers. But, human induced degradation of ecosystems is rendering much of the Earth less habitable for the humans and the other species. To cope with the escalating insults to human life and health, governments have been establishing environmental laws since the 1970s. It posits a vital question at this juncture: What should be the functions that environmental law should serve, both today and into the foreseeable future? This article will suggest four thematic areas for action in this regard. First, all laws and policies should embrace a holistic view of Earth; second, a common and shared analytic methodology needs to be deployed such as environmental impact assessment; third, a strategic cock-pit for ecological cooperation required to provide solutions for environmental crises; finally, a set of mutually recognized and shared principles will need to be embraced in order to provide a coherent and harmonized outlook for humanity’s ecological civilization.
Rationale, Design, and Methodology of a Prospective Cohort Study for Coping with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: The RECage Project1
Authors: Poptsi Eleni , Tsolaki Magda , Bergh Sverre , Cesana Bruno Mario , Ciccone Alfonso , Fabbo Andrea , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Frölich Lutz , Lavolpe Sara , Guazzarini Anna Giulia , Hugon Jacques , Fascendini Sara , Defanti Carlo Alberto
Published: March 2021

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are quite challenging problems during the dementia course. Special Care Units for people with dementia (PwD) and BPSD (SCU-B) are residential medical structures, where BPSD patients are temporarily admitted, in case of unmanageable behavioral disturbances at home. Objective: RECage (REspectful Caring for AGitated Elderly) aspires to assess the short and long-term effectiveness of SCU-Bs toward alleviating BPSD and improving the quality of life (QoL) of PwD and their caregivers. Methods: RECage is a three-year, prospective study enrolling 500 PwD. Particularly, 250 community-dwelling PwDs presenting with severe BPSD will be recruited by five clinical centers across Europe, endowed with a SCU-B, for a short period of time; a second similar group of 250 PwD will be followed by six other no-SCU-B centers solely via outpatient visits. RECage’s endpoints include short and long-term SCU-B clinical efficacy, QoL of patients and caregivers, cost-effectiveness of the SCU-B, psychotropic drug consumption, caregivers’ attitude toward dementia, and time to nursing home placement. Results: PwD admitted in SCU-Bs are expected to have diminished rates of BPSD and better QoL and their caregivers are also expected to have better QoL and improved attitude towards dementia, compared to those followed in no-SCU-Bs. Also, the cost of care and the psychotropic drug consumption are expected to be lower. Finally, PwD followed in no-SCU-Bs are expected to have earlier admission to nursing homes. Conclusion: The cohort study results will refine the SCU-B model, issuing recommendations for implementation of SCU-Bs in the countries where they are scarce or non-existent.
Biting the Bullet: Firearm Ownership in Persons with Dementia. A Registry-Based Observational Study
Authors: Schwertner Emilia , Zelic Renata , Secnik Juraj , Johansson Björn , Winblad Bengt , Eriksdotter Maria , Religa Dorota
Published: March 2021

Background: In Sweden, 2,296,000 firearms were legally owned by private persons in 2017 and there were 150,000 persons living with a dementia diagnosis. A proportion of these persons owning a firearm may pose safety concerns. Objective: The aim was to describe firearm ownership in persons with dementia in Sweden and examine which characteristics are explaining physicians’ decision to report a person to the police as unsuitable to possess a firearm. Methods: This was a registry-based observational study. 65,717 persons with dementia registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to evaluate which of the persons’ characteristics were most important in predicting the likelihood of being reported as unsuitable to possess a firearm. Relative importance of predictors was quantified using standardized coefficients (SC) and dominance analysis (DA). Results: Out of 53,384 persons with dementia, 1,823 owned a firearm and 419 were reported to the police as unsuitable owners. Firearm owners were predominantly younger, males, living alone, and without assistance of homecare. The most important predictors of being reported to the police were: living with another person (SC = 0.23), frontotemporal dementia (SC = 0.18), antipsychotics prescription (SC = 0.18), being diagnosed in a memory/cognitive clinic (SC = –0.27), female gender (SC = 0.18), mild (SC = –0.25) and moderate (SC = –0.21) dementia, and hypnotics prescription (SC = 0.17). Conclusion: Firearm owners with dementia were mostly younger males who were still living more independent lives. The decision to remove a weapon was not solely based on a diagnosis of dementia but a combination of factors was considered.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Burden and Cerebral Microbleeds: Pathological Evidence for Distinct Phenotypes
Authors: Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lesnick Timothy G. , Mielke Michelle M. , Constantopoulos Eleni , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Przybelski Scott A. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Botha Hugo , Jones David T. , Ramanan Vijay K. , Petersen Ronald C. , Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Murray Melissa E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Reichard R. Ross
Published: March 2021

Background: The relationship between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on hemosiderin-sensitive MRI sequences and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains unclear in population-based participants or in individuals with dementia. Objective: To determine whether CMBs on antemortem MRI correlate with CAA. Methods: We reviewed 54 consecutive participants with antemortem T2*GRE-MRI sequences and subsequent autopsy. CMBs were quantified on MRIs closest to death. Autopsy CAA burden was quantified in each region including leptomeningeal/cortical and capillary CAA. By a clustering approach, we examined the relationship among CAA variables and performed principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction to produce two scores from these 15 interrelated predictors. Hurdle models assessed relationships between principal components and lobar CMBs. Results: MRI-based CMBs appeared in 20/54 (37%). 10 participants had ≥2 lobar-only CMBs. The first two components of the PCA analysis of the CAA variables explained 74% variability. The first rotated component (RPC1) consisted of leptomeningeal and cortical CAA and the second rotated component of capillary CAA (RPC2). Both the leptomeningeal and cortical component and the capillary component correlated with lobar-only CMBs. The capillary CAA component outperformed the leptomeningeal and cortical CAA component in predicting lobar CMBs. Both capillary and the leptomeningeal/cortical components correlated with number of lobar CMBs. Conclusion: Capillary and leptomeningeal/cortical scores correlated with lobar CMBs on MRI but lobar CMBs were more closely associated with the capillary component. The capillary component correlated with APOE ɛ4, highlighting lobar CMBs as one aspect of CAA phenotypic diversity. More CMBs also increase the probability of underlying CAA.
Current and Future Directions for Targeting Lipoxin A4 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dias Irundika H.K. , Griffiths Helen R.
Published: March 2021

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease onset and progression. Chronic neuroinflammation is initiated by amyloid-β-activated microglial cells that secrete immuno-modulatory molecules within the brain and into the vasculature. Inflammation is normally self-limiting and actively resolves by “switching off” the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators and by non-phlogistic clearance of spent cells and their debris to restore tissue homeostasis. Deficits in these anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution pathways may predispose to the development of chronic inflammation. The synthesis of endogenous lipid mediators from arachidonic acid, lipoxins via cyclooxygenase 2 and lipoxygenases, and conversion of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, to resolvins contributes to effective, timely resolution of acute inflammation. Work by Xiuzhe et al., 2020 in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease reported that plasma level of LXA4 is related to cognitive status in ischemic stroke patients suggesting that decreased LXA4 may be a potential risk factor for post post-stroke cognitive impairment. As evident by recent clinical trials and development of drug analogues, there is recent drive to search for lipoxin analogues as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. Understanding how bioactive lipid signaling is involved in resolution will increase our understanding of controlling inflammation and may facilitate the discovery of new classes of therapeutic pro-resolution agents for evaluation in AD prevention studies.
Simulation of English text recognition model based on ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm
Authors: Long Fei
Published: March 2021

The difficulty of English text recognition lies in fuzzy image text classification and part-of-speech classification. Traditional models have a high error rate in English text recognition. In order to improve the effect of English text recognition, guided by machine learning ideas, this paper combines ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm to construct an English text recognition model based on machine learning. Moreover, based on the characteristics of ant colony intelligent algorithm optimization, a method of using ant colony algorithm to solve the central node is proposed. In addition, this paper uses the ant colony algorithm to obtain the characteristic points in the study area and determine a reasonable number, and then combine the uniform grid to select some non-characteristic points as the central node of the core function, and finally use the central node with a reasonable distribution for modeling. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify the performance of the model constructed in this paper and combines mathematical statistics to visually display the experimental results using tables and graphs. The research results show that the performance of the model constructed in this paper is good.
Evolutionary game dynamics of death-birth process with interval payoffs on graphs
Authors: Jiang Bichuan , Shu Lan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the evolutionary game dynamics of the death-birth process with interval payoffs on graphs. First of all, we derive the interval replication dynamic equation. Secondly, we derive the fixation probability of the B-C prisoner’s dilemma game based on the death-birth process under the condition of weak selection, analyze the condition of the strategy fixed in the population, that is the condition of strategy A being dominant is analyzed. So we can judge whether natural selection is beneficial to strategy A in the game process through this condition. Finally, the feasibility of this method is verified by several examples.
PENINGKATAN VOLUME PENJUALAN MELALUI PELATIHAN MATERI DAN PRAKTIK DIGITAL MARKETING BAGI PARA PELAKU USAHA KECIL MIKRO-PERTANIAN KOTA DEPOK (UKM-P)
Authors: Nursyirwan Vivi Iswanti , Ardaninggar Sasmita Sari , Septiningrum Liana Dwi , Gustiasari Dewi Rani , Hasan Julian Muhammad Hasan
Published: March 2021

Service to the community conducted by the Lecturer Team of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Pamulang Accounting is conducted by conducting educational training using lecture methods, questions and answers, practices and discussions to micro-small business entrepreneurs about the importance of marketing activities both offline / conventional based, and based online marketing. This program is partnering with micro agriculture micro entrepreneurs in Depok City, especially in Sukmajaya Sub-District, Depok City. The main problem faced by partners is the limited knowledge and skills in marketing agricultural processed products both offline and online. The education program is given with the help of audiovisual infocus media, as well as by providing training in marketing theory based and direct practice of digital based marketing activities by Marketing Lecturers and in collaboration with Digitalpreneur Experts. The main purpose of this community service activity is to provide understanding and knowledge of business actors relating to the power of marketing in the business world. The training was held on 1-3 October 2019, at the Depok City cooperative training center. The evaluation of activities used in community service is an aspect of knowledge and skills. The results of the service activities stated that the training participants got an increase in the aspects of cognition and skills by 27.27% from before the training.
Metodologias ativas de ensino: inovando o ensino para a construção de novos educandos
Authors: Fernandes Daniele Regina da Silva
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica que parte da necessidade de discutir e refletir acerca do processo de ensino – aprendizagem na educação tanto nas escolas, quanto nas instituições de ensino superior – na perspectiva da formação do futuro profissional. Podemos constatar no processo histórico da educação que a transmissão de conhecimento sempre foi baseada em um ensino centrado no conhecimento do professor. Contudo as mudanças políticas e sociais têm exigido que a aquisição de conhecimento pelo educando seja baseada na construção de uma autonomia em que o estudante aprenda a aprender e com isso possa mudar sua realidade a partir da aprendizagem ativa.
Os nomes dos concellos da provincia da Coruña
Authors:   Real Academia Galega. Seminario de Onomástica, Navaza Gonzalo
Published: March 2021

Quen non se preguntou en máis dunha ocasión que significaría o nome do seu concello?, quen llo poría? cando e por que? A presente publicación reúne o traballo do Seminario de Onomástica da Real Academia Galega para deitar luz sobre o significado do nome dos 93 concellos da provincia da Coruña. Na entrada de cada un destes nomes recompílanse as distintas hipóteses etimolóxicas existentes sobre cada un destes topónimos e proporciónanse as nosas propias teorías sobre a súa orixe e significado. A toponimia é algo que interesa a todos, desde rapaces a vellos, desde a xente da aldea e da costa á da cidade... A publicación destes contidos satisface a curiosidade de moita xente e amplia os coñecementos das novas xeracións sobre a historia do seu municipio. Esta é unha forma de achegar a toponimia á xente, de facela visible, atractiva e útil como ferramenta didáctica no ensino.
Photosensitizers Based on Carborane Conjugates of Meso-Arylporphyrins/Chlorins and Dipyrromethenes for Photodynamic and Boron Neutron Capture Therapies
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Zaitsev A. V. , Alpatova V. M. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Ol'shevskaya V. A. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: March 2021

The present review highlights the state-of-the-art in the synthesis of carborane derivatives of meso-arylporphyrins/chlorins and dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) for the application in photodynamic and boron neutron capture therapies of cancer. The main methods for the functionalization of porphyrins/chlorins and BODIPYs by boron polyhedra and the approaches to optimization of the properties of these compounds as antitumor agents are considered. The results of investigations on the photophysical and biological properties of carboranyl-containing porphyrins/chlorins and BODIPYs are presented.
PHONETIC ZEROITATION AT KAERA AND TEIWA LANGUAGE
Authors: Sanubarianto Salimulloh Tegar
Published: March 2021

Abstract

This study aims to identify some of the phonetics change rules of Kaera and Teiwa languages. Therefore, this research uses mix methods. Quantitative methods used to determine the level of differences of Kaera and Teiwa languages. Qualitative methods are used to determine the rules about phonetic changes of both languages. Data collection uses advanced techniques and records with the main instrument 200 Swadesh vocabulary. The data collected were then analyzed using the dialectometry technique to determine the level of differences of Kaera and Teiwa languages, while the Padan Intralingual Crowley technique to determine the rules about phonetic changes of Kaera and Teiwa language. The result of dialectometry analysis shows that the level of differences of Kaera and Teiwa languages ​​is 29—35,5%, meaning the two languages ​​are included in the cognate category. Furthermore, in the vocabulary of Kaera and Teiwa language cognates, zeroization, namely aferesis and apokop are found.

Keywords: Kaera, Teiwa, phonetic change
FİNANSAL BİLGİ MANİPÜLASYONU ORTAYA ÇIKARMAYA YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA (Beneish Model)
Authors: TOPLU Nesibe , CALAYOĞLU İlker , AZALTUN Murat
Published: March 2021

Piyasaların etkin ve verimli çalışabilmesi için gerçeğe ve ihtiyaca uygun bilgiye ihtiyaç vardır. Bazı işletme yöneticileri çıkar çatışmaları doğrultusunda yaratıcı muhasebe uygulamaları gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Türkiye’de ve dünyada işletmelerin finansal tablolarında yapılan hile ve usulsüzlükler, çeşitli skandallara neden olmuştur. Finansal bilgi kullanıcılarından en önemlisi yatırımcılardır. Finansal bilgi manipülasyon yöntemiyle işletmeler, mevcut mali durumlarını ve faaliyet sonuçlarını olduğundan daha iyi veya kötü gösterebilir. Bu gibi durumlar, yatırımcıların yanlış karar vermesine ve zarar görmesine neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, finansal bilgi manipülasyonu tespitinde Beneish Modelinin nasıl kullanılabileceğini açıklamaktır. Bu araştırmada Beneish (1999) modeli kullanılarak Borsa İstanbul’da (BİST) işlem gören şirketlerin finansal bilgi manipülasyonu uygulama olasılıkları hesaplanmıştır. Bu araştırmada analize uygun verisi olan 104 şirket incelemeye alınmıştır. Beneish Modeline göre, BİST’te işlem gören 104 şirketin %94’ünün çeşitli seviyelerde finansal bilgi manipülasyonu yapma ihtimali olduğu hesaplanmıştır.
The methodical principles of formation of the economic culture of students of technical specialties of the colleges
Authors: Gargaun Natalia
Published: March 2021

The article describes the organization and analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment on the formation of economic culture of junior specialists-electricians (MSTE), which gives grounds to conclude on the effectiveness of the constructed model and implementation of a set of pedagogical conditions for the formation of economic
culture of MSTE in professional training. The ascertaining stage of the experiment included the collection of data required for pedagogical research; development of criteria, indicators and levels of formation of economic culture of MSTE; mass research of students of vocational and professional higher education institutions (technical schools and colleges). To achieve this, interviews and testing were conducted with students of research institutions of professional and professional higher education (technical schools and colleges). It has been proven that a significant number of respondents approve of the prospect of mastering economic culture but know little about it. The research carried out at the observational stage of the experiment showed that the initial level of formation of the economic culture of future MSTE in the experimental and control groups is approximately equally low for all components. At
the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment, a study of the level of formation of the economic culture of MSTE in the process of professional training in relation to the selected criteria: motivational-value, oriented-cognitive, creative, activity-practical. Consideration of the results of the experiment allowed to state that the use of the proposed set of pedagogical conditions in the education of students in institutions of professional and professional higher education (technical schools and colleges) has a positive effect on the formation of economic culture MSTE in the process of professional training. In the experimental group there was an increase in the number of students with a high and medium level of formation of economic culture MSTE, which confirms the hypothesis. Key words: economic culture, future junior specialists of electricians, professional training, pedagogical conditions of formation of economic culture of junior specialists of electricians, pedagogical experiment.
Farinha de sementes germinadas de abóbora: Aspectos físicos, físico-químicos e colorimétricos
Authors: Amadeu Lumara Tatiely Santos , Queiroz Alexandre José de Melo , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa de , Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , Ferreira João Paulo de Lima , Reis Carolaine Gomes dos , Silva Renato Costa da , Araújo Karoline Thays Andrade , Coelho Nycolle Oliveira , Carneiro Ely Félix de Sá
Published: March 2021

A abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) é uma hortaliça apreciada por pessoas de todos os níveis de renda, porém, suas sementes são descartadas, caracterizando um desperdício em virtude da sua rica composição nutricional. Uma das formas de minimizar esse descarte é disponibilizar alternativas de uso da semente, aumentando seu atrativo para industrialização e consequentemente as possibilidades da sua aplicação na elaboração de alimentos para o consumo humano. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas, fisico-quimicas e colorimétricas das sementes de abóbora in natura, germinadas e da farinha da semente de abóbora germinada. As amostras  foram caracterizadas quanto a massa específica unitária, real e aparente, porosidade, cor, volume, comprimento, largura, espessura, circularidade, esfericidade, teor de água, atividade de água, pH, acidez total titulável, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, açucares totais e redutores, determinou-se ainda as isotermas de adsorção de umidade das farinhas secas em temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30º C. Verificou-se que o modelo de Peleg, seguido do modelo de Oswin, foram os que apresentaram os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais. A germinação alterou a massa unitária, porosidade, os parâmetros colorimétricos e gerou um aumento considerável no teor de proteínas. A secagem provocou transformações na massa unitária, porosidade, circularidade e esfericidade. Quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos, houve redução do pH e açucares redutores e aumento dos teores de lipídios e proteínas. Sendo assim, a farinha de semente de abóbora germinada apresentou bons resultados, principalmente em relação ao teor de proteínas, apresentando-se como uma boa alternativa para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos.
Violent criminal death involving face, head and neck: processes, expert reports and epidemiological data
Authors: Marcantonio Luiza Monachini , Fernandes Clemente Maia da Silva , Freitas Karla Regina Horti Campos de , Serra Mônica da Costa
Published: March 2021

In criminal lawsuits, the magistrate often needs technical contribution of an expert on the subject related to the crime, for the application of the penal sanction. This study aimed to analyze lawsuits, expert reports and epidemiological data of violent death cases, in which there was involvement of the face, head and neck in the region that covered by the Legal Medical Institute (LMI) of Araraquara-SP. For this purpose, decisions of the Court of Justice of São Paulo State were researched, in the period from 2012 to September 2017. The judgments were read and those related to consummated homicide, body injury followed by death and robbery were selected. The expert reports corresponding to the selected cases were searched in the LMI of Araraquara. This search resulted in 49 reports, which were analyzed. We observed that the majority of homicide and robbery victims were male, white, under 40 years of age and of low education level. The epidemiological data found were consistent with the data presented by Brazilian government agencies. The expert reports analyzed were performed exclusively by medical examiners, using technical language and detailed description of the lesions and the instruments that caused them. The most frequent causes of death were traumatic brain injury (41.67%), multiple trauma (10.42%), hemorrhagic shock (10.42%) and anemia (10.42%). The most frequent instruments, which caused injuries, were the perforating-blunt (26.42%), the forceful (22.64%) and the perforating-cutting (20.75%). In general, the reports presented good quality, tending to be of great help for the clarification of criminal justice.
Nanostructures and properties of an Oxisol under no-tillage and mechanical chiseling
Authors: Souza Epitacio José de , Alves Marlene Cristina , Nascimento Vagner do , Arf Orivaldo , Silva Paulo Ricardo Teodoro da
Published: March 2021

Soil compaction in no-tillage systems (NTS) affects the sustainability of this management. To overcome the problem, mechanical chiseling and maintenance of the vegetation cover suggested were as management practices in order toreestablish ideal cultivation conditions. The soil studied was occupied for 20 years with annual crops in conventional tillage system (plowing and leveling harrow). After, the NTS was implemented for 15 years old. In 2012, management were implemented to study the effects on soil quality, with mechanical chiseling, cover crops, rice and bean. Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil chiseling and the use of cover crops on the maintenance of NTS sustainability after a crop succession of rice and common bean on a clayed Orthic Ferralsol. After four years we evaluation were then carried out to analyze the effects of the system on the soil quality physical and chemical attributes. We studied five cover plants (Crotalaria juncea; Cajanus cajan; Pennisetum glaucum; Urochloa ruziziensis and Fallow) all in NTS with and without chiseling. In addition, we studied a natural Savannah fragment too. Chiseling with cultivation of Crotalaria juncea as vegetation cover improved the physical properties compared with the initial conditions. However, cover crops grown on unchiseled soil resulted in an increase in the chemical properties P, K, and Mg concentrations, pH, and soil organic matter. The soil nanostructures morphological characteristics is a promising indicator it quality, complementary to the chemical indicators, for being sensitive enough for the short-term detection of changes soil properties.
Dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos de um município do interior de Mato Grosso
Authors: Oliveira Leilane Alves de , Guilardi Junior Felício , Oliveira Julio Martinez Alves , Oliveira Jessica Alves de , Oliveira Rosângela Aparecida Alves Martinez de , Petrilli Pedro Henrique , Saliba Tânia Adas
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho foi realizado na escola em uma escola pública de Sinop,Mato Grosso, Brasil, no ano de 2011 e tem como objetivo identificar como se desenvolve o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e os problemas enfrentados pelos docentes. Para isso, foi feito pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo com uma amostra de professores e alunos que lecionam e frequentam, respectivamente a escola , sendo aplicados questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas. As informações obtidas a partir desse levantamento, forneceram dados sobre os reais  problemas presentes na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Através dos questionários aplicados aos alunos constatou-se que 57% pertencem ao sexo feminino e 43% pertencem ao sexo masculino. Ao questionar os alunos quanto ao motivo que os levou a não mais frequentar o Ensino Regular, o maior índice foi de 44,44% para ter que ajudar economicamente a família, seguido de 30,30% desistiram da escola regular devido a problemas familiares, 18,18% outros motivos, 4,04% não responderam, 2,02% foi devido à reprovação escolar, 1,01% não parou de estudar. Dos motivos que levaram os alunos entrevistados a voltar a estudar, obteve-se o maior índice a realização pessoal que ficou com 44,44%, seguido por 35,35% que pretendem adquirir um emprego, 12,12% outros motivos, 7,07% permanecer no emprego, 1,01% preferiu não responder. A partir das respostas, conclui-se que a escola CEJA SILVA FREIRE, busca atender os alunos respeitando sua cultura e história de vida.