bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interface engineering and defect passivation for enhanced hole extraction, ion migration, and optimal charge dynamics in both lead-based and lead-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Khan Abdul Haseeb Hassan , Jan Shayan Tariq
Published: March 2024

The study elucidates the potential benefits of incorporating a BiI3 interfacial layer into perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using MAPbI3 and MAGeI3 as active layers, complemented by the robust TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD as the charge-transport-layers, we employed the SCAPS-1D simulation tool for our investigations. Remarkably, the introduction of the BiI3 layer at the perovskite-HTL interface significantly enhanced hole extraction and effectively passivated defects. This approach minimized charge recombination and ion migration towards opposite electrodes, thus elevating device performance relative to conventional configurations. The efficiency witnessed a rise from 19.28 to 20.30% for MAPbI3 and from 11.90 to 15.57% for MAGeI3. Additionally, MAGeI3 based PSCs saw an improved fill-factor from 50.36 to 62.85%, and a better Jsc from 13.22 to 14.2 mA/cm2, signifying reduced recombination and improved charge extraction. The FF for MAPbI3 based PSCs saw a minor decline, while the Voc slightly ascended from 1.24 to 1.25 V and Jsc from 20.01 to 21.6 mA/cm2. A thorough evaluation of layer thickness, doping, and temperature further highlighted the critical role of the BiI3 layer for both perovskite variants. Our examination of bandgap alignments in devices with the BiI3 interfacial layer also offers valuable understanding into the mechanisms fueling the observed improvements.
Glutathione-triggered release of SO2gas to augment oxidative stress for enhanced chemodynamic and sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Tian Ya , Li Pei , Wang Likai , Ye Xueli , Qu Zhonghuan , Mou Juan , Yang Shiping , Wu Huixia
Published: March 2024

A multifunctional nanoreactor (CCM@FH-DNs) was intelligently developed for enhancing MRI-guided chemodynamic–sonodynamic therapy through SO2gas-augmented oxidative stress.
Investigations into the influence of nickel loading on MoO3-modified catalysts for the gas-phase hydrodeoxygenation of anisole
Authors: Haida Simon , Löbner Sebastian , Lund Henrik , Bartling Stephan , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Atia Hanan , Abdel-Mageed Ali M. , Kubis Christoph , Brückner Angelika
Published: March 2024

A binary structure consisting of NiMoO4 and MoO3 leads to an enhancement of the catalytic activity of the gas-phase hydrodeoxygenation of anisole which correlates with an improved formation of an oxycarbohydride phase (MoOxCyHz).
Selective linear ethylene oligomerization over nickel-containing zeotypes with tetravalent framework heteroatoms
Authors: Bai Yunfei , Cordero-Lanzac Tomás , Nova Ainara , Olsbye Unni , Taarning Esben , Martinez-Espin Juan S.
Published: March 2024

Nickel-containing Lewis acidic zeolites as highly selective ethylene oligomerization catalysts.
Effects of increasing ligand conjugation in Cu(i) photosensitizers on NiO semiconductor surfaces
Authors: Singh Zujhar , Chiong Joseph D. , Kamal Saeid , Majewski Marek B.
Published: March 2024

Anchoring three Cu(i) complexes bearing ligands with varying conjugation onto a semiconductor surface yields photoelectrodes that exhibit similar photocurrent densities regardless of differences in the excited state manifold of the discrete molecules.
Controlling the europium oxidation state in diopside through flux concentration
Authors: Górecka N. , Leśniewski T. , Mahlik S. , Łapiński M. , Tsai Y.-T. , Bielicka-Giełdoń A. , Szczodrowski K.
Published: March 2024

The reduction of lanthanides (Ln3+) incorporated into alkali earth sites in a matrix, , requires the creation of electron donating defects, e.g., and elimination of charge compensation defects, e.g. V′′Me, from the vicinity of the .
Metal- and photosensitizer-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling through photoinduced energy transfer
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Qiong , Cheng Bin , Wang Taimin , Liao Hongze , Lin Hou-Wen
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a novel, eco-friendly method for Minisci alkylation without harmful catalysts, advancing sustainable pharmaceutical synthesis through energy transfer from heteroarenes to peroxide, offering significant environmental benefits.
Polyester biodegradability: importance and potential for optimisation
Authors: Wang Yue , van Putten Robert-Jan , Tietema Albert , Parsons John R. , Gruter Gert-Jan M.
Published: March 2024

To meet EU CO2 emission targets, we need to replace most fossil-derived plastics with renewable alternatives. To stop endless pollution by accumulating non degradable plastics we need future plastics to be closed-loop recyclable and/or biodegradable.
Thermally stable photoluminescence of Eu3+ doped strontium pyrophosphate: red emitting phosphor with high color purity
Authors: Patel Nimesh P. , Degda Naresh , Verma Vishwnath , Murthy K. V. R. , Srinivas M.
Published: March 2024

Eu3+ doped Sr2P2O7 phosphor as promising red component in pc-WLED.
Inhibition of ion diffusion/migration in perovskite p–n homojunction by polyetheramine insert layer to enhance stability of perovskite solar cells with p–n homojunction structure
Authors: Wei Dong , Cai Qingrui , Cai Shidong , Wu Yongjing , Wang Mingliang , Cui Peng , Ji Jun , Zhang Zhirong , Yan Luyao , Zhang Jiahuang , Luo Jiaqi , Li Xiaodan , Li Meicheng
Published: March 2024

The introduction of PEA insert layer effectively mitigates the degradation of perovskite homojunction caused by the diffusion and migration of ions between n-type and p-type perovskite layers.
The roles of templates consisting of amino acids in the synthesis and application of gold nanoclusters
Authors: Ma Jinliang , Yang Mengmeng , Zhang Bin , Niu Mingfu
Published: March 2024

This review builds general principles for directing the precise synthesis and intelligent application of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) regulated by the template consisting of amino acids.
A magnetically responsive photonic crystal of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Nishimura Tomoki , Nishina Yuta , Sano Koki
Published: March 2024

In this work, we systematically investigated the magnetically responsive behavior of a photonic crystal consisting of graphene oxide nanosheets and water, leading to the switching of its structural color by applying a magnetic field.
Machine learning potential for modelling H2 adsorption/diffusion in MOFs with open metal sites
Authors: Liu Shanping , Dupuis Romain , Fan Dong , Benzaria Salma , Bonneau Mickaele , Bhatt Prashant , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Maurin Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Machine learning potential is required to accurately describe the interactions between the challenging H2 molecules and metal organic frameworks containing open metal sites.
Monitoring water harvesting in metal–organic frameworks, one water molecule at a time
Authors: Hunter Kelly M. , Paesani Francesco
Published: March 2024

Data-driven many-body simulations provide the first realistic view of water harvesting in metal–organic frameworks as a function of relative humidity.
Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst
Authors: Shen Yi , Pan Yongliang , Xiao Huanyong , Zhang Haizhong , Zhu Chao , Fang Qile , Li Yungui , Lu Lun , Ye Liqun , Song Shuang
Published: March 2024

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) utilizing Cu single-atom catalyst modulation through second-shell S coordination (Cu–C3N4–S) achieves predominant catalytic activity with high C2H4 faradaic efficiency at low potentials.
Recent advances in nanotechnology for programmed death ligand 1-targeted cancer theranostics
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Cao Kai , Yang Jingru , Liu Linhong , Gao Liang
Published: March 2024

Advanced nanotechnology developed for PD-L1 detection and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint-relevant combined cancer therapies is reviewed.
Self-reducing molecular ink for printed electronics and lithium-ion battery cathodes as conductive binder
Authors: Qi Wenning , Han Ruolin , Quan Hui , Guo Ruilu , Gao Dali , Zhou Zheng , Chen Guang-Xin , Li Qifang
Published: March 2024

Cuf-C is used as a replacement to organic binders in the preparation of conductive inks. Cuf-C is applied to the cathode of lithium-ion batteries as conductive binder.
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective umpolung allylation of amido-tethered allylic carbonates with isatin-derived ketimines
Authors: Wang Lan , Lu Mengxi , Li Kuan , Yang Sen , Wang Lei , Guo Hongchao
Published: March 2024

A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective umpolung allylation reaction of amido-tethered allyl carbonates with N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines gave various chiral oxindole derivatives in moderate to high yields with good enantioselectivities.
SnS2 quantum dots-coated VO2@carbon nanorods for secondary battery displaying high capacity and rate-performance
Authors: Han Tianli , Wang Yan , Tao Kehao , Zeng Xiangbin , Zhan Peng , Zhu Yajun , Li Jinjin , Liu Jinyun
Published: March 2024

A VO2@carbon@SnS2 composing of SnS2 quantum dots coating on lamellar VO2@carbon is developed as an Al-ion battery cathode. Upon cycling 1000 times at 1.0 A g−1, the cathode remains stable, and a recoverable rate-performance is achieved.
Dual-atom-site Cu@PCN photocatalyst selectively produces ethane from CO2 reduction
Authors: Cao Xin , Liu Chun-Yu , Dong Yuming , Yang Tingyu , Chen Xinying , Zhu Yongfa
Published: March 2024

This work employed the Cu2Cl2-bpy as the precursor and fabricated a dual atom site Cu photocatalyst on polymeric carbon nitride and the appropriate Cu–Cu spacing promotes the C–C coupling, which improves the formation of C2H6.
Vortex flow induced self-assembly in CsPbI3 rods leads to an improved electrical response towards external analytes
Authors: Paul Tufan , Maity Avisek , Bairi Partha , Sahoo Aditi , Maiti Soumen , Singh Manoj , Ghosh Barnali , Banerjee Rupak
Published: March 2024

The rotational flow field induced vortex motion of water leads to the self-assembly of CsPbI3 rods at the air–water interface.
Direct cross-linking of silyl-functionalized cage siloxanes via nonhydrolytic siloxane bond formation for preparing nanoporous materials
Authors: Kikuchi Miharu , Hayashi Taiki , Matsuno Takamichi , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Nonhydrolytic siloxane bond formation reactions between cage siloxanes modified with dimethylsilyl and dimethylethoxysilyl groups in the presence of B(C6F5)3 catalyst are conducted to produce nanoporous materials with well-defined 3D networks.
An ultrafast Na-ion battery chemistry through coupling sustainable organic electrodes with modulated aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Zhu Yunpei , Guo Xianrong , Thomas Simil , Yin Jian , Yuan Youyou , Tian Zhengnan , Harrison George T. , De Wolf Stefaan , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: March 2024

Regulating the solvation sheath reorganization kinetics through electrolyte engineering can facilitate an unprecedented battery chemistry.
Heterogeneous Li coordination in solvent-in-salt electrolytes enables high Li transference numbers
Authors: Hockmann Anne , Ackermann Florian , Diddens Diddo , Cekic-Laskovic Isidora , Schönhoff Monika
Published: March 2024

Unusually high Li transference numbers (t+ > 0.7) in a bisolvent-in-salt electrolyte are explained by a heterogeneous Li solvation structure, which yields two distinctly different Li species with different transport behavior.
A hierarchical bimetallic nitride hybrid electrode with strong electron interaction for enhanced hydrogen production in seawater
Authors: Liu Kaihua , Zhang Xinzeng , Li Jing , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Meiri , Cui Hongtao
Published: March 2024

A hierarchical MoN/Co2N hybrid electrode is fabricated for hydrogen production in alkaline seawater, which shows high catalytic performance due to the appropriate ΔGH*, unique 1D/2D/3D hierarchical structure, and N-doped carbon protection layer.
Tailored electrophoretic coatings for enhanced corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel implants using bioactive glasses
Authors: El Baakili Salwa , Semlali Abdelhabib , Issa Hawraa , Bricha Meriame , El Mabrouk Khalil
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the potential of 316L stainless steel coated with bioactive glasses for orthopedic implants by analyzing their corrosion resistance.
A simple estimation method of grid‐forming inverter inertia based on rate of change of frequency
Authors: Han Gang , Xiong Liangli , You Li , Ling Zaixun , Liu Manjia , Cui Yibo , Zhang Sheng , Fang Zhijian
Published: March 2024

Inertia is the core index of the estimation of power system frequency stability; a simple estimation method of grid‐forming inverter inertia based on the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) is proposed in this paper. The method records and fits the active power curve by applying RoCoF to obtain the value of the grid‐forming inverter inertia, and it is simpler and higher accuracy compared to existing methods. In addition, the inertia and damping are analysed to support the system, and the relationship equation between the grid frequency slope change and the output active power is derived. Considering the theoretical analyses and influencing factors, the inertia and damping are obtained by using the method of function fitting. The test steps show the simplicity of the proposed test method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in MATLAB/Simulation and two 1.575‐MW parallel grid‐forming electrochemical energy storage power plants.
Grain growth and its chemical impact in the first hydrostatic core phase
Authors: Navarro-Almaida D. , Lebreuilly U. , Hennebelle P. , Fuente A. , Commerçon B. , Le Gal R. , Wakelam V. , Gerin M. , Riviére-Marichalar P. , Beitia-Antero L. , Ascasibar Y.
Published: March 2024

Context. The first hydrostatic core (FHSC) phase is a brief stage in the protostellar evolution that is difficult to detect. Its chemical composition determine that of later evolutionary stages. Numerical simulations are the tool of choice to study these objects.

Aims. Our goal is to characterize the chemical evolution of gas and dust during the formation of the FHSC. Moreover, we are interested in analyzing, for the first time with 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, the role of grain growth in its chemistry.

Methods. We postprocessed 2 × 105 tracer particles from a RAMSES non-ideal MHD simulation using the codes NAUTILUS and SHARK to follow the chemistry and grain growth throughout the simulation.

Results. Gas-phase abundances of most of the C, O, N, and S reservoirs in the hot corino at the end of the simulation match the ice-phase abundances from the prestellar phase. Interstellar complex organic molecules such as methyl formate, acetaldehyde, and formamide are formed during the warm-up process. Grain size in the hot corino (nH > 1011 cm−3) increases forty-fold during the last 30 kyr, with negligible effects on its chemical composition. At moderate densities (1010 < nH < 1011 cm−3) and cool temperatures 15 < T < 50 K, increasing grain sizes delay molecular depletion. At low densities (nH ~ 107 cm−3), grains do not grow significantly. To assess the need to perform chemo-MHD calculations, we compared our results with a two-step model that reproduces well the abundances of C and O reservoirs, but not the N and S reservoirs.

Conclusions. The chemical composition of the FHSC is heavily determined by that of the parent prestellar core. Chemo-MHD computations are needed for an accurate prediction of the abundances of the main N and S elemental reservoirs. The impact of grain growth in moderately dense areas delaying depletion permits the use of abundance ratios as grain growth proxies.
Cosmic-ray diffusion in two local filamentary clouds
Authors: Kamal Youssef F. R. , Grenier I. A.
Published: March 2024

Context. Hadronic interactions between cosmic rays (CRs) and interstellar gas have been probed in γ rays across the Galaxy. A fairly uniform CR distribution is observed up to a few hundred parsecs from the Sun, except in the Eridu cloud, which shows an unexplained 30–50% deficit in GeV to TeV CR flux.

Aims. To explore the origin of this deficit, we studied the Reticulum cloud, which shares notable traits with Eridu: a comparable distance in the low-density region of the Local Valley and a filamentary structure of atomic hydrogen extending along a bundle of ordered magnetic-field lines that are steeply inclined to the Galactic plane.

Methods. We measured the γ-ray emissivity per gas nucleon in the Reticulum cloud in the 0.16–63 GeV energy band using 14 years of Fermi-LAT data. We also derived interstellar properties that are important for CR propagation in both the Eridu and Reticulum clouds, at the same parsec scale.

Results. The γ-ray emissivity in the Reticulum cloud is fully consistent with the average spectrum measured in the solar neighbourhood, but this emissivity, and therefore the CR flux, is 1.57 ± 0.09 times larger than in Eridu across the whole energy band. The difference cannot be attributed to uncertainties in gas mass. Nevertheless, we find that the two clouds are similar in many respects: both have magnetic-field strengths of a few micro-Gauss in the plane of the sky; both are in approximate equilibrium between magnetic and thermal pressures; they have similar turbulent velocities and sonic Mach numbers; and both show magnetic-field regularity with a dispersion in orientation lower than 10°–15° over large zones. The gas in Reticulum is colder and denser than in Eridu, but we find similar parallel diffusion coefficients around a few times 1028 cm2 s−1 in both clouds if CRs above 1 GV in rigidity diffuse on resonant, self-excited Alfvén waves that are damped by ion-neutral interactions.

Conclusions. The loss of CRs in Eridu remains unexplained, but these two clouds provide important test cases to further study how magnetic turbulence, line tangling, and ion-neutral damping regulate CR diffusion in the dominant gas phase of the interstellar medium.
A quasar-galaxy merger at z ∼ 6.2: Black hole mass and quasar properties from the NIRSpec spectrum
Authors: Loiacono Federica , Decarli Roberto , Mignoli Marco , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Bañados Eduardo , Bosman Sarah , Eilers Anna-Christina , Schindler Jan-Torge , Strauss Michael A. , Vestergaard Marianne , Wang Feige , Blecha Laura , Carilli Chris L. , Comastri Andrea , Connor Thomas , Costa Tiago , Dotti Massimo , Fan Xiaohui , Gilli Roberto , Jun Hyunsung D. , Liu Weizhe , Lupi Alessandro , Marshall Madeline A. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Meyer Romain A. , Neeleman Marcel , Overzier Roderik , Pensabene Antonio , Riechers Dominik A. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Trebitsch Maxime , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian , Yang Jinyi
Published: March 2024

We present JWST/NIRSpec integral field data of the quasar PJ308-21 at z = 6.2342. As shown by previous ALMA and HST imaging, the quasar has two companion sources, interacting with the quasar host galaxy. The high-resolution G395H/290LP NIRSpec spectrum covers the 2.87 − 5.27 μm wavelength range and shows the rest-frame optical emission of the quasar with exquisite quality (signal-to-noise ratio ∼100 − 400 per spectral element). Based on the Hβ line from the broad line region, we obtain an estimate of the black hole mass MBH, Hβ ∼ 2.7 × 109 M⊙. This value is within a factor ≲1.5 of the Hα-based black hole mass from the same spectrum (MBH, Hα ∼ 1.93 × 109 M⊙) and is consistent with a previous estimate relying on the Mg IIλ2799 line (MBH, MgII ∼ 2.65 × 109 M⊙). All these MBH estimates are within the ∼0.5 dex intrinsic scatter of the adopted mass calibrations. The high Eddington ratio of PJ308-21 λEdd, Hβ ∼ 0.67 (λEdd, Hα ∼ 0.96) is in line with the overall quasar population at z ≳ 6. The relative strengths of the [O III], Fe II, and Hβ lines are consistent with the empirical “Eigenvector 1” correlations as observed for low redshift quasars. We find evidence for blueshifted [O III] λ5007 emission with a velocity offset Δv[O III] = −1922 ± 39 km s−1 from the systemic velocity and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) FWHM([O III]) = 2776−74+75 km s−1. This may be the signature of outflowing gas from the nuclear region, despite the true values of Δv[O III] and FWHM([O III]) likely being more uncertain due to the blending with Hβ and Fe II lines. Our study demonstrates the unique capabilities of NIRSpec in capturing quasar spectra at cosmic dawn and studying their properties in unprecedented detail.
Revisiting the rovibrational (de-)excitation of molecular hydrogen by helium
Authors: Jóźwiak Hubert , Thibault Franck , Viel Alexandra , Wcisło Piotr , Lique François
Published: March 2024

Context. The collisional (de-)excitation of H2 by He plays an important role in the thermal balance and chemistry of various astro-physical environments, making accurate rate coefficients essential for interpreting observations of the interstellar medium.

Aims. Our goal is to utilize a state-of-the-art potential energy surface (PES) to provide comprehensive state-to-state rate coefficients for He-induced transitions among rovibrational levels of H2.

Methods. We performed quantum scattering calculations for the H2-He system. Thus, we were able to provide state-to-state rate coefficients for 1059 transitions between rovibrational levels of H2, with internal energies up to ≃15 000 cm−1, for temperatures ranging from 20 to 8000 K.

Results. Our results demonstrate a good agreement with previous calculations for pure rotational transitions between low-lying rotational levels. However, we do find significant discrepancies for rovibrational processes involving highly-excited rotational and vibrational states. We attribute these differences to two key factors: (1) the broader range of intramolecular distances covered by ab initio points and (2) the superior accuracy of the PES, resulting from the utilization of the state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods, compared to previous lower-level calculations.

Conclusions. Radiative transfer calculations performed with the new collisional data indicate that the population of rotational levels in excited vibrational states experiences significant modifications, highlighting the critical need for this updated dataset in models of high-temperature astrophysical environments.
Decomposition behavior and evolution mechanism of MC primary carbonitride at 1473K and 1523K in die steel
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Gao Shengyong , Shang Wulin , Zhong Qingyuan , Song Gaoyang , Xu Dong
Published: March 2024

Evolution of morphology and chemical composition and decomposition behavior of MC-type primary carbonitride held at 1473K and 1523K in H13 die steel are studied through electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and optical microscope (OM). Result shows that the decomposition of MC-type carbonitride has a relationship with constituent, holding temperature and time and carbonitride structure. It is found that Fe would diffuse to carbonitride from steel matrix accompanied by the decomposition of carbonitride at elevated temperature. The metastable (Vx,Mo1–x)(Cy,N1–y) is transformed into fine Fe-rich (Vx,Moz,Fe1–x–z)6(Cy,N1–y) when held at 1473K, and completely disappeared when held at 1523K. During isothermal holding, the mean size of carbonitride is gradually decreased to 6.5 μm, but there are still a small quantity of (Tix,V1–x)(Cy,N1–y) when held at 1253K for 15 h. Theoretical calculation indicates that Ti content in carbonitride is directly proportional to the thermal stability of carbonitride. As a result, the (Tix,V1–x)(Cy,N1–y) is transformed into (Tix,Vz,Fe1–x–z)(Cy,N1–y) with Fe content larger than 13 wt.% and becomes jagged at the edge. The compact (Tix,V1–x)(Cy,N1–y) is then evolved into the porous fishnet structure and finally dissolved as Fe larger than 32 wt.% in carbonitride. High temperature seems more beneficial for carbonitride decomposition than extension of holding time.
Künstlerische Therapien im Internet
Authors: Abert Sabine
Published: March 2024

Künstlerische Therapien sind heute fester Bestandteil des Gesundheitssystems und dort in verschiedenen Bereichen und Anwendungsfeldern vertreten. Im Internet finden Praktiker*innen sowie Interessierte und Patient*innen zahlreiche Informationen zum Berufsbild, zu wissenschaftlichen Hintergründen und verschiedenen fachspezifischen Angeboten, Netzwerken und Gesellschaften.
Fallbericht Bipolare Störung mit Substanzabhängigkeit
Authors: Trösken Anne , Lothar Eder , Wagner Elisabeth , Sven Leinert
Published: March 2024

Eine 34-jährige Patientin schwankt zwischen Stimmungshochs und schweren depressiven Phasen. Sie kann sich nur schwer selbst regulieren und konsumiert schon seit ihrem 14. Lebensjahr Cannabis, um ihre Gefühle zu unterdrücken. Auch für die Therapie erweist sich der Substanzmissbrauch als hinderlich.
Die multiparametrische MRT zum Staging des Rektumkarzinoms – eine
Übersicht
Authors: von Wardenburg Markus , Wessling Johannes
Published: March 2024

Kolorektale Karzinome gehören in Deutschland mit ca. 64 000 Neuerkrankungen und
26 000 Todesfällen pro Jahr zu den häufigsten malignen Tumoren. Etwa 55% dieser
Tumoren entstehen dabei im Rektum. Zur bestmöglichen medizinischen Versorgung
ist die richtige Bestimmung des lokalen Tumorstadiums unerlässlich. Dieser
Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die richtige Durchführung und die
entscheidenden Bewertungskriterien einer MRT beim Rektumkarzinom.
Die Rolle von Sachverständigen in der
Radiologietechnologie
Authors: Knabl Michaela
Published: March 2024

Allgemein beeidete und gerichtlich zertifizierte Sachverständige sind
wichtige Hilfsorgane des Gerichts bei unterschiedlichen Verfahren. Sie werden
auch beigezogen, bei Fragen durch Behörden oder für
Privatgutachten. Die Ausbildung dazu wird in Österreich vom Hauptverband
der Gerichtssachverständigen in vier Regionen Österreichs
durchgeführt. 2015 hat sich der Berufsfachverband entschieden, eigene
Mitglieder zu unterstützen, die diese Ausbildung bzw. Weiterbildung
machen möchten. Dieser Beitrag soll den Weg aufzeigen und die
Voraussetzungen, sowie die Möglichkeiten, bzw. Erfordernisse
darlegen.
Primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus – Diagnostik und
Therapie
Authors: Siggelkow Heide , Gollisch Katja
Published: March 2024

Der primäre Hyperparathyreoidismus ist eine häufige Ursache der Hyperkalziämie.
Oft bleibt das Krankheitsbild über Jahre unerkannt. Während es milde Verläufe
gibt, treten doch häufig erhebliche Organschäden auf, und es kann sogar zu
lebensbedrohlichen Zuständen kommen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über
die notwendige Diagnostik bei primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus, über wichtige
Differenzialdiagnosen und über die verschiedenen Therapieoptionen.
The Relationship between VDR Gene Polymorphisms Bsm1 and Apa1 with Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Mozaffarizadeh Hengameh , Mokarian Fariborz , Salehi Mansoor , Hakimian Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Moazam Elham , Amoozadehsamakoosh Amirmohammad , Hosseinzadeh Majid , Behnam Mahdieh , Behjati Mohaddeseh , Naseri Alma , Lotfi Marzieh , Tohidi Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

Background In addition to its multifaceted physiological functions, vitamin D is recognized for its protective role against cancer. To manifest its effects, vitamin D engages with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene responsible for its encoding. Investigations have unveiled that polymorphisms within the VDR gene exert influence over the expression and/or functionality of the VDR protein. Notably, certain VDR gene polymorphisms have emerged as particularly pertinent in the context of tumorigenesis, including Fok1 (rs2228570), Bsm1 (rs1544410), Taq1 (rs771236), and Apa1 (rs7975232). This study aims to scrutinize the correlation between the Bsm1 and Apa1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to breast cancer development.

Materials and Methods In this study, 50 patients suffering from breast cancer with less than 6 months breast cancer diagnosis and 50 healthy control individuals have been chosen. Restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotype of polymorphisms.

Results The results of the statistical analysis showed that among the studied polymorphisms, there was no correlation with the development of breast cancer.

Conclusion Studies on various cancers have produced inconsistent results regarding vitamin D's role in the development and progression of cancer. Therefore, further research is necessary to determine vitamin D's role in cancer development and progression.
Proposal of a screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder in children (Mini-TEA Scale)
Authors: Forcelini Cassiano Mateus , Ampese Regina , Melo Helena Younes de , Pasin Camila Pereira Neubauer , Pádua José Renato Donadussi , Spanholo Camila Boschetti , Hoffmann Francine Ehrhardt , Diniz Júlia Breitenbach , Capponi Laís Cristine Zanella , Souza Luiza , Zortea Maxciel
Published: March 2024

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires trained professionals for its adequate diagnosis. There is a shortage of such professionals in Brazil. Screening tools could identify priority cases. The only instrument for that in Brazilian Portuguese is employed for toddlers up to 2.5 years old.

Objective The Mini-TEA scale was conceived and tested as a screening for children from 2.5 to 12 years old.

Methods After local ethics committee's approval, this study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in the Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Passo Fundo/RS, of invitations to children's parents/relatives who were under evaluation for ASD and by local advertisement. Inclusion criteria were age from 2.5 to 12 years old; consent from the child's legal guardians. 75 children's parents/relatives were interviewed using the 15-item Mini-TEA scale. After that, children were evaluated for the diagnosis of ASD by a pediatric neurologist. Sensibility and specificity for ASD diagnosis along the Mini-TEA scores were measured. Experts and target population evaluated the validity/reliability of the Mini-TEA scale. The reproducibility of the scores was assessed about 40 days later.

Results From the 75 participants, 28 received a diagnosis of ASD. Scores ≥ 10 on the Mini-TEA scale require further evaluation of the children (sensitivity 100%; specificity 68%). Content validity coefficient (CVC) rendered values > 0.80 (acceptable). Test-retest analyzes with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated excellent reliability (> 0.90). The time spent for applying the screening was about 10 minutes.

Conclusion The Mini-TEA scale presents as an easy tool for screening ASD among children.
Dual-cluster interpretation of Au–Sn binary eutectics and solders
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Wang Fei , Li Zhuang , Liu Hang , Tang Ran , Yin Huicong , Zhang Junxi , Yang Sihan , Dong Dandan
Published: March 2024

Au–Sn alloy is an important high-temperature solder, but it has some disadvantages such as high cost and brittleness. Multicomponent alloying is often performed to improve performance and reduce their cost. However, due to the absence of an atomic structure model, there has been a lack of effective theory to guide their composition design. Since Au–Sn solders are typically eutectic-based, understanding the Au–Sn eutectic at the atomic level is of great significance for clarifying the composition origin of Au–Sn solders and the subsequent multi-component composition design. In the present work, the short-range order of Au–Sn eutectics is characterized using a dual-cluster model. In the dual-cluster formulism, the two eutectics Au69.6Sn30.3 and Sn94.6Au5.4 at. % are interpreted in terms of the hypoeutectic [SnAu12]Sn2Au3 + [Au–Au2Sn6]Au3 = Au70.0Sn30.0 and [Au–Sn8]Au1 + 2{[Sn–Sn10]Sn5} = Sn95.2Au4.8 alloys, respectively. The compositions of Au–Sn solders are then analyzed based on the interpreted dual-cluster formulas, which indicate that the number of atoms of the alloying elements that replace the atoms in the dual-cluster formulas is always an integer. The present method provides a quantitative approach toward developing a practical composition interpretation and design tool for Au–Sn-based solders.
Research on the forming and demolding process of shape memory self-demolding mold
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhang Zhenming
Published: March 2024

The molding method is highly anticipated in engineering fields and has been preliminarily applied. However, traditional demolding methods introduce subtle deviations in demolding direction, leading to demolding defects and reduced forming accuracy. To address this, we developed an innovative Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) mold. Through finite element simulation, we extensively investigated the effects of diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) addition, temperature, and load on the template forming and shape recovery processes. Finally, we experimentally verified the feasibility of the self-demolding of the template. The findings demonstrate that as the amount of DDM added increases, the glass transition temperature of SMP progressively elevates. This can be attributed to the enhanced crosslinking triggered by the addition of DDM. Consequently, during the stage of preserving shape in mold formation, SMP exhibits a heightened storage modulus and diminished shape recovery. Notably, when 1.5 g of DDM is added, the shape memory template exhibits the least shape recovery, with a shape retention rate of 78.2%. Conversely, employing 1.6 g of DDM generates the highest shape recovery but only achieves a shape retention rate of 59.5%. Augmenting the amount of DDM is advantageous in accomplishing template demolding. Higher temperatures expedite the initiation of the shape recovery process, facilitating template demolding during the shape recovery stage. Moreover, increasing the load can minimize template rebound and enhance the precision of mold formation. However, it also intensifies the complexity of self-demolding. Consequently, it is imperative to sensibly determine and implement suitable process parameters in applications.
Group acceptance sampling plans for type-I heavy-tailed exponential distribution based on truncated life tests
Authors: Nwankwo Bright C. , Obiora-Ilouno Happiness O. , Almulhim Fatimah A. , SidAhmed Mustafa Manahil , Obulezi Okechukwu J.
Published: March 2024

The usefulness of a new heavy-tailed distribution is studied in this article. The type-I heavy-tailed exponential (TI-HTE) distribution studied here has been suggested in the literature but has not been studied anywhere other than now. Some of its properties, together with graphical representations, were considered. The study utilized the maximum likelihood method in the estimation of the parameters. The primary goal is to create group acceptance sampling plans (GASP) using the TI-HTE model to determine whether units from a production process should be accepted or rejected. Through simulation studies and real-world examples, the importance of the TI-HTE model in identifying extreme behaviors beyond typical distributions like exponential or heavy-tailed distributions is emphasized.
Patient perceptions of barriers to attending annual diabetes review and foot assessment in general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Ju William , Al-Busaidi Ibrahim S. , Lunt Helen , Hudson Ben
Published: March 2024

Introduction Regular diabetic foot checks, at least annually, are important for early identification of risk factors and prevention of ulceration and amputation. To ensure this, most general practices in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) offer free annual diabetes reviews (ADRs) which include a comprehensive foot evaluation. However, attendance rates at these ADRs are low. Aim To explore patients’ perspectives on the barriers to attending ADRs and foot checks. Methods Semi-structured interviews with people with type 2 diabetes who were overdue their ADR (n = 13; 7 women, 6 Māori) from two urban practices were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and then analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results We identified three key themes demonstrating barriers to attendance: healthcare-associated factors (suboptimal clinician-patient relationship, not having a consistent general practitioner (GP)); patient-related factors (co-morbid health conditions, issues surrounding identity, and logistical issues); and systemic factors (COVID-19 pandemic, travel distance to the practice, unawareness of available foot care services). Participants’ feedback focused on patient-centred approaches for improvements to service delivery, for example using online educational materials, and utilising culturally appropriate models of health including Te Whare Tapa Whā and Whānau Ora approach. Discussion We identified several barriers to attendance, some of which are potentially modifiable. Addressing modifiable barriers and incorporating suggestions made by participants may improve access to the ADR and reduce non-attendance. Further participatory action research could explore these insights in ways that facilitate tino rangatiratanga (self-determination) and palpable action.
Environmental radiation exposure at Chornobyl has not systematically affected the genomes or chemical mutagen tolerance phenotypes of local worms
Authors: Tintori Sophia C. , Çağlar Derin , Ortiz Patrick , Chyzhevskyi Ihor , Mousseau Timothy A. , Rockman Matthew V.
Published: March 2024

The 1986 disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant transformed the surrounding region into the most radioactive landscape known on the planet. Whether or not this sudden environmental shift selected for species, or even individuals within a species, that are naturally more resistant to mutagen exposure remains an open question. In this study, we collected, cultured, and cryopreserved 298 wild nematode isolates from areas varying in radioactivity within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. We sequenced and assembled genomes de novo for 20Oscheius tipulaestrains, analyzed their genomes for evidence of recent mutation acquisition in the field, and observed no evidence of an association between mutation and radioactivity at the sites of collection. Multigenerational exposure of each of these strains to several chemical mutagens in the lab revealed that strains vary heritably in tolerance to each mutagen, but mutagen tolerance cannot be predicted based on the radiation levels at collection sites, and Chornobyl isolates were not systematically more resistant than strains from undisturbed habitats. In sum, the absence of mutational signatures does not reflect unique capacity for tolerating DNA damage.
TIFAB regulates the TIFA–TRAF6 signaling pathway involved in innate immunity by forming a heterodimer complex with TIFA
Authors: Nakamura Teruya , Ohyama Chiaki , Sakamoto Madoka , Toma Tsugumasa , Tateishi Hiroshi , Matsuo Mihoko , Chirifu Mami , Ikemizu Shinji , Morioka Hiroshi , Fujita Mikako , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Yamagata Yuriko
Published: March 2024

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is activated by various inflammatory and infectious molecules and is involved in immune responses. It has been elucidated that ADP-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-Hep), a metabolite in gram-negative bacteria, activates NF-κB through alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1)–TIFA–TRAF6 signaling. ADP-Hep stimulates the kinase activity of ALPK1 for TIFA phosphorylation. Complex formation between phosphorylation-dependent TIFA oligomer and TRAF6 promotes the polyubiquitination of TRAF6 for NF-κB activation. TIFAB, a TIFA homolog lacking a phosphorylation site and a TRAF6 binding motif, is a negative regulator of TIFA–TRAF6 signaling and is implicated in myeloid diseases. TIFAB is indicated to regulate TIFA–TRAF6 signaling through interactions with TIFA and TRAF6; however, little is known about its biological function. We demonstrated that TIFAB forms a complex not with the TIFA dimer, an intrinsic form of TIFA involved in NF-κB activation, but with monomeric TIFA. The structural analysis of the TIFA/TIFAB complex and the biochemical and cell-based analyses showed that TIFAB forms a stable heterodimer with TIFA, inhibits TIFA dimer formation, and suppresses TIFA–TRAF6 signaling. The resultant TIFA/TIFAB complex is a “pseudo-TIFA dimer” lacking the phosphorylation site and TRAF6 binding motif in TIFAB and cannot form the orderly structure as proposed for the phosphorylated TIFA oligomer involved in NF-κB activation. This study elucidated the molecular and structural basis for the regulation of TIFA–TRAF6 signaling by TIFAB.
An exact model for enhancing/suppressing primordial fluctuations
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Vargas Gerson , Vargas Teófilo
Published: March 2024

Enhancements of primordial curvature fluctuations in single field inflation often involve
departures from attractor trajectories in the phase space. We study enhancement/suppression of
primordial fluctuations in one of the simplest models with exact background solutions for
arbitrary initial conditions: a single field inflationary model with a piecewise exponential
potential. We then present close to exact analytical solutions for primordial fluctuations in a
general transition between two slow-roll attractors, valid whether the first slow parameter
increases or decreases. The main features in the primordial spectrum are determined by the ratio
of exponents of the potential. We also discuss the imprint of such features in the induced GW
spectrum. Lastly, we apply the δN formalism to discuss non-Gaussianities and the tail of
the probability distribution. We find that while non-Gaussianities are at most 𝒪(1) in
the case of enhancement, they can be very large in the case of suppression. Our work can be easily
generalized to multiple piecewise exponential potentials.
Exact tunneling solutions in multi-field potentials
Authors: Espinosa J.R. , Konstandin T.
Published: March 2024

The tunneling potential formalism makes it easy to construct exact solutions to the vacuum
decay problem in potentials with multiple fields. While some exact solutions for single-field
decays were known, we present the first nontrivial analytic examples with two and three scalar
fields, and show how the method can be generalized to include gravitational corrections. Our
results illuminate some analytic properties of the tunneling potential functions and can have a
number of uses, among others: to serve as simple approximations to realistic potentials; to learn
about parametric dependencies of decay rates; to check conjectures on vacuum decay; as benchmarks
for multi-field numerical codes; or to study holographic interpretations of vacuum decay.
Primordial perturbations from ultra-slow-roll single-field inflation with quantum loop effects
Authors: Cheng Shu-Lin , Lee Da-Shin , Ng Kin-Wang
Published: March 2024

It is known that the single-field inflation with a transient ultra-slow-roll phase can
produce a large curvature perturbation at small scales for the formation of primordial black
holes. In our previous work, we have considered quantum loop corrections to the curvature
perturbation and found that the growth of these small-scale modes would affect the curvature
perturbation at large scales probed by cosmic microwave background observation. In this work, we
will further derive the constraints on the growing modes in the transition between the slow-roll
and the ultra-slow-roll phases under the effect of the loop corrections. Our results would help
clarify the recent controversy on whether or not the primordial-black-hole formation from the
single-field inflation is ruled out at one-loop level.
Dark radiation from the primordial thermal bath in momentum space
Authors: D'Eramo Francesco , Hajkarim Fazlollah , Lenoci Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Motivated by the stunning projections for future CMB surveys, we evaluate the amount of dark radiation produced in the early Universe by two-body decays or binary scatterings with thermal bath particles via a rigorous analysis in momentum space. We track the evolution of the dark radiation phase space distribution, and we use the asymptotic solution to evaluate the amount of additional relativistic energy density parameterized in terms of an effective number of additional neutrino species ΔN
eff. Our approach allows for studying light particles that never reach equilibrium across cosmic history, and to scrutinize the physics of the decoupling when they thermalize instead. We incorporate quantum statistical effects for all the particles involved in the production processes, and we account for the energy exchanged between the visible and invisible sectors. Non-instantaneous decoupling is responsible for spectral distortions in the final distributions, and we quantify how they translate into the corresponding value for ΔN
eff. Finally, we undertake a comprehensive comparison between our exact results and approximated methods commonly employed in the existing literature. Remarkably, we find that the difference can be larger than the experimental sensitivity of future observations, justifying the need for a rigorous analysis in momentum space.
Regulating the dopant clustering in LiZnAs-based diluted magnetic semiconductor
Authors: Jia 贾 Zihang 子航 , Zhou 周 Bo 波 , Jiang 姜 Zhenyi 振益 , Zhang 张 Xiaodong 小东
Published: March 2024

Tuning of the magnetic interaction plays the vital role in reducing the clustering of magnetic dopant in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). Due to the not well understood magnetic mechanism and the interplay between different magnetic mechanisms, no efficient and universal tuning strategy is proposed at present. Here, the magnetic interactions and formation energies of isovalent-doped (Mn) and aliovalent (Cr)-doped LiZnAs are studied based on density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the dopant–dopant distance-dependent magnetic interaction is highly sensitive to the carrier concentration and carrier type and can only be explained by the interplay between two magnetic mechanisms, i.e., super-exchange and Zener’s p–d exchange model. Thus, the magnetic behavior and clustering of magnetic dopant can be tuned by the interplay between two magnetic mechanisms. The insensitivity of the tuning effect to U parameter suggests that our strategy could be universal to other DMS.
Accurate estimation of Li/Ni mixing degree of lithium nickel oxide cathode materials
Authors: Chen 陈 Penghao 鹏浩 , Xu 徐 Lei 磊 , Yu 禹 Xiqian 习谦 , Li 李 Hong 泓
Published: March 2024

Li/Ni mixing negatively influences the discharge capacity of lithium nickel oxide and high-nickel ternary cathode materials. However, accurately measuring the Li/Ni mixing degree is difficult due to the preferred orientation of lab-based XRD measurements using Bragg–Brentano geometry. Here, we find that employing spherical harmonics in Rietveld refinement to eliminate the preferred orientation can significantly decrease the measurement error of the Li/Ni mixing ratio. The Li/Ni mixing ratio obtained from Rietveld refinement with spherical harmonics shows a strong correlation with discharge capacity, which means the electrochemical capacity of lithium nickel oxide and high-nickel ternary cathode can be estimated by the Li/Ni mixing degree. Our findings provide a simple and accurate method to estimate the Li/Ni mixing degree, which is valuable to the structural analysis and screening of the synthesis conditions of lithium nickel oxide and high-nickel ternary cathode materials.