bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notes & News Vol. 47(1)
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer
Published: October 2024

Abstract not available
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2023; VOL 47 (1) : 57
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Forced Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement of Silver-Water Nanofluids at Laminar Flow
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Zamir , Nahar Bodrun , Biswas Biswajit Kumar , Easmin Momotaj , Halder Sanjoy , Gafur Md Abdul
Published: October 2024

Heat management in industries and other areas is a major issue currently worldwide. Conventional heat transfer fluids like water and ethylene glycol are not very effective. Nanofluids (NFs), composed of nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed throughout a base fluid (BF), have recently been identified as promising heat management agents for various industrial and other applications. Heat transmission is one of the many uses for AgNPs–water NFs (silver NPs (AgNPs) dispersed in water). The goal of this work was to determine the AgNPs–water NFs' forced convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in laminar flow. Due to this, we present the results of the HTC study of AgNPs–water NFs in laminar flow in this paper. First, using AgNO3 as a precursor, a chemical reduction approach was used for facile synthesis of AgNPs in one pot at ambient temperature. Synthesized NPs were examined using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transform electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The average particle size obtained from TEM is 25 nm. The required quantity of AgNPs was added to the water to produce 0.5 and 1.0 vol% of AgNPs–water NFs. Next, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS), in addition to time-lapse observation and captured picture comparison, were used to assess the stability of the formulated NFs. To calculate the forced convective HTC of prepared NFs in laminar flow, a vertical shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and computer-based data recorder were used. According to the results, in comparison to BF, the HTC of 0.5 and 1.0 vol% NFs was 3.3 and 5 times greater, respectively which encourages the use of AgNPs–water NFs in industry and other heat management.
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 13−22
Enhancing Surveillance Systems with Cost-Effective Ultrasonic Radar for Object Detection and Tracking
Authors: Ahammad Tanvir , Shafi Muhammad Golam Rohman
Published: October 2024

Object detection is critical in surveillance systems because it enables timely identification of unauthorized objects, which is essential for maintaining security and mitigating risks. Existing approaches to surveillance typically suffer from limited coverage, variable detection range, moderate accuracy, high cost, and complex setup requirements. This article presents an approach to object detection using microcontroller-based ultrasonic sensors. Our approach leverages four distinct processing phases to create a radar-like system capable of real-time detection and autonomous decision-making. In this study, we conducted experiments by integrating more than six peripheral modules with the Arduino platform. By evaluating 17 diverse test cases in various scenarios and environments, the approach demonstrated enhanced object tracking and robustness compared to existing methods. The system effectively detects objects within the targeted area, providing precise distance measurements (around 50 cm) and position information (0 to 360 degrees). Moreover, our approach enabled the identification of three risk zones—medium, high-risk, and mild danger—within the critical region, contributing to improved security and risk management. The results reveal the system’s effectiveness in real-time detection, accurate distance estimation, and comprehensive risk assessment. Overall, our study significantly contributes to the advancement of object detection technology by effectively addressing the limitations of existing methods and offering a cost-effective and practical solution. Our research has the potential to monitor objects in surveillance systems across various domains, with significant implications for enhancing security, risk mitigation, and monitoring in industries reliant on effective object detection systems.
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 157−171
Numerical Simulation of SEIR Model for COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rajique Hussain Muhammod Golam , Islam Md Asraful , Misty Suvechchha
Published: October 2024

One of the most basic models in epidemiology, the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model explains how viral infections spread through communities. This study analyzes the SEIR model's differential equations to learn more about its dynamic behaviors. This study discusses the 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) epidemic model using numerical methods of susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR). A numerical description of the notion is provided using two numerical approaches, including forward Euler and RK-4 approaches. The subplots of SEIR model are drawn by ode 45 commands. The stability of disease free equilibrium and Endemic equilibrium points are depicted. The significance of comprehending the interaction between epidemiological variables and population dynamics in developing efficient public health treatments is brought to light in this study, which investigates the consequences of these equations on the transmission and management of infectious diseases. Insights into the dynamics of illness transmission and potential measures for mitigating its effects are presented through the use of mathematical analysis and computational simulations.
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 172−185
Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation on Free Convection Airflow inside a T-shaped Cavity Considering Inner Obstacles
Authors: Saha Bijan Krishna , Alam Md Shafiul , Moon Nur Jahangir , Ghosh Bishnu Pada
Published: October 2024

In this study, a numerical analysis of heat and entropy generation on free convection of airflow is performed inside a T-shaped cavity with and without circular obstacles. The T-shaped cavity is formed with two symmetrically isothermal rectangular blocks. A cold temperature is maintained on the cavity's upper wall. The adiabatic walls are connected to heated wall at constant temperature. It is assumed that the flow is laminar, 2-D, and steadily incompressible. The finite element analysis is employed for solving the governing equations. The calculated results are compared and validated with the other published works. The dimensionless velocity (streamlines) and temperature (isotherms) are calculated and illustrated for varying Rayleigh numbers. It is found that the average Nusselt number at the heated walls and entropy generation inside the cavity increase with the increment of Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, the thermal performance effects on natural convection flow are investigated with circular obstacles inside the enclosure. Five cases without and with circular obstacles regarding the boundary conditions are investigated. It is found that the thermal performance of the cavity can be improved by adding two circular obstacles with cool boundary conditions. It is evident that the innovative structure by adding two circular obstacles with cool boundary conditions gives higher average Nusselt number and entropy generation whereas lower Bejan numbers for varying Rayleigh numbers. The study is performed for  and .
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 186−202
Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia
Authors: Shah Sakshi , Shinde Sandeep , Jain Pooja
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of structured core stabilization exercise program on pain and muscle performance in individuals with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: The study commenced obtaining ethical clearance from an institutional committee, briefing participants about the research and intervention, and obtaining informed consent. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 participants were enrolled for the research among which 80 participants enrolled in this study and were allocated into 2 groups at random- Group A (Control group) as well as Group B (Experimental group) by using the envelope method. Treatment was provided for about 6 weeks to both groups.Pre and post test examination was done using Individual Muscle Testing (IMT), core strength testing with Pressure Biofeedback (PB), shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) with Goniometry, in addition with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. Statistical methods were utilised to analyse the results. Findings: This research found substantial improvements in pain, individual muscle testing and shoulder range of motion for flexion and abduction in two groups (p-value <0.0001), whereas, for internal and external rotation, group A showed p value of 0.0193 and 0.0098, whereas, group B showed p value of <0.0001 and 0.2399.Group B showed more improvement in pressure biofeedback unit (p<0.0001) as compared to Group A (p value 0.0208). Conclusion: The present research observed that a structured core stabilization exercise program had shown a significantly enhanced improving muscle performance and reducing pain in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.
Testing for thermal acclimation in zoospores of an amphibian pathogen
Authors: Craig HM , Stepanian RA , Spengler KD , Altman KA , Sckrabulis JP , Raffel TR
Published: October 2024

Thermal acclimation effects on locomotory performance have been widely documented for macroscopic organisms, but such responses remain largely unexplored in microorganisms. Metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts faster responses in smaller organisms, with potential consequences for host-parasite interactions in variable temperature environments. We investigated thermal acclimation effects on zoospores of the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), quantifying (1) thermal performance for maximum zoospore velocity and (2) high temperatures needed to immobilize 50% (CT50max) or 100% (CT100max) of zoospores. We obtained measurements within 18 min following a temperature shift. We found significant curvilinear acclimation effects on maximum zoospore velocity and CT50max, although the latter pattern might have been driven by confoundment with zoospore density. We also observed a significant positive effect of the trial start temperature on CT50max, consistent with a rapid acclimation response to the start temperature on a time scale of ~1-6 min (i.e. too rapid for our experimental acclimation treatments to detect), implying that zoospores either have constitutive heat tolerance (i.e. no acclimation) or fully acclimate CTmax to new temperatures within ~10 min. To explore the plausibility of such a rapid response, we analyzed published CTmax acclimation times for macroscopic eukaryotes, resulting in a predicted interquartile range of 3.11-25.98 min when mass-scaled to the size of a Bd zoospore. Taken together, these results suggest that Bd zoospores do exhibit thermal acclimation response on the rapid time scale predicted by MTE, possibly giving Bd an advantage over slower-acclimating hosts in variable-temperature environments.
Small differences between primary and breeding sex ratios at the largest loggerhead turtle rookery in the North Pacific
Authors: Hatase H , Watanabe S , Kobayashi T
Published: October 2024

Elucidating how sex ratios change as a cohort ages may aid with understanding the relative recruitment of male and female adults to a population. In sea turtles, sex is determined by incubation temperature, with males and females produced at low and high temperatures, respectively. At rookeries exposed to high incubation temperatures, the primary sex ratios are thus skewed toward females. However, because very high incubation temperatures also negatively affect the survival-related traits of female hatchlings, the female bias may be mitigated as the cohort matures and the adult sex ratio may be more male-biased than primary sex ratios. Here, we examined whether the sex ratio changes from hatchlings to breeding adults at Yakushima Island, Japan, the largest loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta rookery in the North Pacific, which is not exposed to high incubation temperatures. The mean (±SD) primary sex ratio (% female) during 1975-2022, estimated from incubation durations linked to sand temperatures, was 24.7 ± 13.6%. Based on genotype data at 3 microsatellite loci from 26 females and their 291 offspring sampled in 2020 and 2021, we detected multiple paternity in 5 clutches (19.2%) and estimated 34 unique sires, which provided a breeding sex ratio (% female) of 43.3%. Small differences between primary and breeding sex ratios suggest similar survival rates for male and female offspring. This rookery is unusual in that it has male-biased hatchling production, whereas most sea turtle rookeries have female-biased hatchling production. The Yakushima rookery is likely resilient to climate warming.
Sediment microtopography predicts localised benthic ecosystem functioning and the effect of species interactions
Authors: Schenone S , Bartl I , Thrush SF
Published: October 2024

Soft-sediment ecosystems play a crucial role in marine environments, yet understanding the relationships between species composition and ecosystem functioning remains challenging. We investigated the potential of sediment microtopography as a predictor of ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments focusing on the activity and microtopography generated by 2 co-occurring and functionally important species: the tellinid bivalve Macomona liliana and the maldanid polychaete Macroclymenella stewartensis. Custom-built, flow-through, gas-tight tanks were utilized to quantify sediment microtopography and assess benthic fluxes and porewater nutrient concentrations. Rugosity explained between 35 and 61% of the variability in oxygen, ammonium and nitrate + nitrite fluxes and was positively correlated with the variability of deep porewater ammonium concentrations. As a first step to validating direct links between microtopography and biophysical drivers of ecosystem processes, we highlight the potential to advance biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships for seafloor habitats. Broader investigation of the potential of microtopography as a surrogate for ecosystem functioning will lay the groundwork for novel approaches to predict and characterize changes in these vital coastal environments and inform management strategies.
Interactions between consumer access and nutrient enrichment have divergent impacts on two common Pacific corals
Authors: Altman-Kurosaki NT , Hay ME
Published: October 2024

As coral reefs face accelerating threats at global scales, examining how different coral species respond to local disruption from top-down and bottom-up forces can inform management at local scales. This may provide additional time for reducing global stressors. We conducted a full factorial experiment examining the effects of corallivory, herbivory, and fertilizer addition on 2 corals: Acropora pulchra and Porites rus, the former of which is faster-growing but more susceptible to predation, disease, and heat-induced mortality. Fertilizer addition enhanced corallivory but did not affect net coral growth. Consumer exclusion enhanced the net growth of A. pulchra by 18.1 times regardless of fertilizer treatment, while the net growth of P. rus did not differ among caging and fertilizer treatments. A. pulchra was rarely overgrown by algae regardless of treatment, while herbivore exclusion and fertilizer enrichment produced opposing effects on overgrowth of P. rus. In uncaged treatments, fertilizer enrichment led to greater herbivory but also 1.8 times greater algal overgrowth of P. rus relative to unfertilized treatments. However, in caged treatments, algal overgrowth of P. rus was 1.9 times higher in unfertilized versus fertilized treatments. Our results suggest that interactions between corallivory, herbivory, and fertilizer enrichment can have alternative effects on different coral species, with a hardier coral experiencing more negative impacts of fertilizer enrichment than a more sensitive coral, which was, in turn, more strongly suppressed by predation. Local stressors that disrupt top-down and bottom-up processes may increase the vulnerability of even the most robust corals, and it is these corals that have been predicted to become more common under future ocean scenarios.
Barn Owl (Tyto alba)† Habitat Suitability, Nest Box Occupancy, and Management Implications Based on Kentucky Surveys 2010–2022
Authors: Slankard Kate G. , Darracq Andrea , Barnard James O.
Published: October 2024

Barn Owls (Tyto alba) are a species of conservation interest, but management of nesting populations can require significant effort. To focus management activities, we conducted analyses of statewide survey data collected for Barn Owl nests (n = 515) and roosts (n = 145) in Kentucky, USA, from 2010–2022. Nest and roost sites included natural (e.g., trees, rock shelters) and human-made (e.g., barns, attics, hunting blinds, silos, etc.) structures and nest boxes (n = 270) installed on various substrates. Using data related to land cover, agricultural features, and other habitat-related variables, we examined factors influencing Barn Owl site occupancy by creating habitat suitability models. Additionally, we assessed changes in nest box occupancy over time and the factors that influenced nest box occupancy. The Shannon habitat diversity index and number of buildings within 75 m were the most important variables for habitat suitability throughout the study area, though the proportion of hay/pasture/grassland within 625 m and distance to an area intensively managed for Barn Owls were important regionally. Barn Owl nest box occupancy increased over the course of our study, likely due to management efforts. Owls were more likely to occupy nest boxes if they were installed on tall feed silos, retired utility poles, or barns. Moreover, nest boxes installed at sites where we observed owl pairs (prior to installation) were more likely to become occupied and used sooner than nest boxes installed opportunistically. Future management should focus on installing nest boxes for known pairs, on unused feed silos, on retired utility poles on reclaimed surface mines, and near areas intensively managed for the species.
A Boolean sum interpolation for multivariate functions of bounded variation
Authors: Prestin Jürgen , Semenova Yevgeniya V.
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the approximation error of trigonometric interpolation for multivariate functions of bounded variation in the sense of Hardy-Krause. We propose interpolation operators related to both the tensor product and sparse grids on the multivariate torus. For these interpolation processes, we investigate the corresponding error estimates in the Lp norm for the class of functions under consideration. In addition, we compare the accuracy with the cardinality of these grids in both approaches.
Revolutionizing bone defect healing: the power of mesenchymal stem cells as seeds
Authors: Zhang Yueyao , Fan Mengke , Zhang Yingze
Published: October 2024

Bone defects can arise from trauma or pathological factors, resulting in compromised bone integrity and the loss or absence of bone tissue. As we are all aware, repairing bone defects is a core problem in bone tissue engineering. While minor bone defects can self-repair if the periosteum remains intact and normal osteogenesis occurs, significant defects or conditions such as congenital osteogenesis imperfecta present substantial challenges to self-healing. As research on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) advances, new fields of application have emerged; however, their application in orthopedics remains one of the most established and clinically valuable directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress regarding MSCs in the treatment of diverse bone defects. MSCs, as multipotent stem cells, offer significant advantages due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to undergo osteogenic differentiation. The review will encompass the characteristics of MSCs within the osteogenic microenvironment and summarize the research progress of MSCs in different types of bone defects, ranging from their fundamental characteristics and animal studies to clinical applications.
Are cervical curvature and axioscapular muscle activity associated with disability in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain? – a cross sectional exploratory study
Authors: Huang Yanfeng , Elabd Aliaa M. , Adams Roger , Elabd Omar M. , Torad Ahmed A. , Han Jia
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To ascertain the relationship between cervical curvature, neck muscle activity and neck disability in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP).

Methods

Ninety participants (mean age = 27.2, female/male ratio = 7/2) with CNNP volunteered. The Neck Disability Index was used to assess neck disability. To indicate the electromyographic characteristics of the axioscapular muscles, the root mean squares and median frequencies of upper trapezius and levator scapula were used. Cervical curvature was measured with a flexible ruler.

Results

Disability of the neck was significantly correlated with curvature (r = −0.599, p < 0.001), upper trapezius root mean square (RMS) (r = 0.694, p < 0.001) and levator RMS (r = 0.429, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis produced a significant predictive equation that could predict disability: 33.224− 0.515 × Curvature + 0.156 × Levator RMS − 0.059 × Upper trapezius median frequency + 0.636 × upper trapezius RMS + 0.020 × levator median frequency, with R2 = 0.622.

Conclusion

Cervical curvature as well as different axioscapular muscle activity were found to be related to level of disability. These findings have implications for clinical management of CNNP.
Activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite (IONPs@CtAC) loaded with morin hydrate for drug-delivery applications
Authors: Doğan Yusuf , Öziç Cem , Ertaş Erdal , Baran Ayşe , Rosic Gvozden , Selakovic Dragica , Eftekhari Aziz
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a major disease that affects millions of people around the world every year. It affects individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Since drugs used to treat cancer cannot distinguish between cancerous and healthy cells, they cause systemic toxicity along with serious side effects. Recently, controlled drug-release systems have been developed to reduce the side effects caused by anticancer drugs used for treatment. Morin is an anticancer drug with a flavonol structure. It has been extensively researched for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antibacterial properties, especially found in Chinese herbs and fruits, and its multiple positive effects on different diseases. In this study, a nanocomposite with magnetic properties was synthesized by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained using the fruits of the Celtis tournefortii plant on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (colorectal), T98-G (glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) healthy cell line. The morin loading and release behavior of the activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite were studied, and the results showed that up to 60% of the adsorbed morin was released within 4 h. In summary, activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite carriers have shown promising results for the delivery of the morin drug.
The ovarian cancer-associated microbiome contributes to the tumor’s inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Min , Mo Jiahang , Huang Wu , Bao Yiting , Luo Xukai , Yuan Lei
Published: October 2024

A growing body of research has established a correlation between tumors and persistent chronic inflammatory infiltration. As a primary instigator of inflammation, the majority of microbiomes naturally residing within our bodies engage in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Nevertheless, alterations in the microbiome's composition or breaches in the normal barrier function can disrupt the internal environment's homeostasis, potentially leading to the development and progression of various diseases, including tumors. The investigation of tumor-related microbiomes has contributed to a deeper understanding of their role in tumorigenesis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the microbiome alterations and the associated inflammatory changes in ovarian cancer. It may aid in advancing research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ovarian cancer-associated microbiome, providing potential theoretical support for the future development of microbiome-targeted antitumor therapies and early screening through convenient methods.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria enhance the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway to induce immunosuppression and facilitate pulmonary colonization
Authors: Li Longjie , Shao Jiaofang , Tong Chunran , Gao Weiwei , Pan Pan , Qi Chen , Gao Chenxi , Zhang Yunlei , Zhu Ying , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2024

The increasing prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections alongside tuberculosis (TB) underscores a pressing public health challenge. Yet, the mechanisms governing their infection within the lung remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate metagenomic sequencing, metabolomic sequencing, machine learning classifiers, SparCC, and MetOrigin methods to profile bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from NTM/TB patients. Our aim is to unravel the intricate interplay between lung microbial communities and NTM/Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Our investigation reveals a discernible reduction in the compositional diversity of the lung microbiota and a diminished degree of mutual interaction concomitant with NTM/TB infections. Notably, NTM patients exhibit a distinct microbial community characterized by marked specialization and notable enrichment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, driving pronounced niche specialization for NTM infection. Simultaneously, these microbial shifts significantly disrupt tryptophan metabolism in NTM infection, leading to an elevation of kynurenine. Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium paraintracellulare, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated in the metabolic pathways associated with the conversion of indole to tryptophan via tryptophan synthase within NTM patients. Additionally, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase converts tryptophan into kynurenine, fostering an immunosuppressive milieu during NTM infection. This strategic modulation supports microbial persistence, enabling evasion from immune surveillance and perpetuating a protracted state of NTM infection. The elucidation of these nuanced microbial and metabolic dynamics provides a profound understanding of the intricate processes underlying NTM and TB infections, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention and management.
Proposing new lipoprotein (a) cut off value for Kazakhstan: pilot study
Authors: Bekbossynova Makhabbat , Aripov Marat , Ivanova-Razumova Tatyana , Kali Aknur , Tleubayeva Dana , Daniyarova Gulnur , Goncharov Alexey
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There is no consensus on the optimal concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) for the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis. In various clinical guidelines and agreed documents, the threshold level of Lp (a) is 30 mg/dl or 50 mg/dl. We estimated the cut-off value of Lp (a) associated with the risk of developing various localizations of atherosclerosis for the Central Asia, including Kazakhstani population.

Methods

This study was conducted at National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Kazakhstan. 487 patients were included, of which 61.3% were men. The mean age of all participants was 57.3 ± 12.6 years. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between risk factors and plasma lipoprotein (a) levels. The threshold value of lipoprotein (a) was predicted using the Youden index.

Results

For Kazakhstani population the lipoprotein (a) cut offs for the risk of developing atherosclerotic CVD and aortic valve calcification was 21.1 mg/dl (p < 0.05). There was no relationship with the level of lipoprotein (a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which suggests that lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for the development of ASCVD.

Discussion

This study offers new insights into the threshold value of lipoprotein (a) in Kazakhstan, highlighting its role as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and aortic valve calcification. The findings suggest that the internationally recommended Lp(a) cutoffs may not be suitable for Central Asian populations, as the threshold in our study is significantly lower at 21.2 mg/dL. These results emphasize the need for further research with larger sample sizes to establish more region-specific cutoffs.
Unleashing the potential of eHealth in outpatient cancer care for patients undergoing immunotherapy—a quantitative study considering patients’ needs and current healthcare challenges
Authors: Holderried Tobias A. W. , Stasik Isabel , Schmitz Marie-Therese , Schmitz Friederike , Meyer Tizian K. , Stauß Leonie , Kirschner Martin , Skowasch Dirk , Landsberg Jennifer , Schmid Matthias , Brossart Peter , Holderried Martin
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of online information and communication is globally increasing in the healthcare sector. In addition to known benefits in other medical fields, possible specific potentials of eHealth lie in the monitoring of oncological patients undergoing outpatient therapy. Specifically, the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) requires intensive monitoring due to various possible negative side effects. The present study explores cancer patients’ perspectives on eHealth and demonstrates how eHealth applications, from the patients’ point of view, can contribute to further improving outpatient immunotherapy.

Methods and findings

Our multicenter study was executed at the university hospitals in Bonn and Aachen. A structured questionnaire was distributed to patients receiving outpatient immunotherapy. Contents addressed were (1) the patients’ attitude towards eHealth applications, (2) the use of modern information and communications technologies (ICT) in (2a) everyday life and (2b) health-related information search including eHealth literacy, (3) the use of internet-enabled devices as well as (4) socio-demographic data. 164 patients were included in the study, of whom 39.0% were female and 61.0% male and the average age was 62.8 years. Overall, there was a high distribution of internet-enabled devices for everyday use and a great interest in integrating eHealth applications into outpatient immunotherapy. The assessment of eHealth potentials significantly depended on age. The younger participants demonstrated a broader use of modern ICT and a higher affinity for its use in outpatient immunotherapy. In some aspects, level of education and gender were also relevant factors influencing the patients’ view on eHealth.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the potential for further integration of eHealth applications into outpatient immunotherapy from the patients’ perspective. It indicates a dependency on age and educational level for the further integration of eHealth into patient care in oncology. Due to particular patient needs regarding age, level of education, gender and other subgroups, specific education and training as well as target-group specific digital health interventions are necessary to fully utilize the potentials of eHealth for outpatient immunotherapy. Future studies are required to specifically address target-group specific usability of eHealth applications and eHealth literacy, as well as to address information security and data protection.
Genetically mimicked effects of thyroid dysfunction on diabetic retinopathy risk: a 2-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ouyang Junlin , Zhou Ling , Wang Qing , Yan Wei
Published: October 2024

Background

Thyroid dysfunction exhibits a heightened prevalence among people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Furthermore, TD emerges as a notable correlated risk factor for the onset of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods

Using data from the FinnGen database (R9), we investigated the causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction (TD) and four stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) approach was employed to estimate the total causal effect of TD on four stages of DR, while multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was used to assess the direct causal effect. The meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the collective effect of TD on four stages of DR. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary approach for Mendelian randomization analysis, with heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses performed to validate the robustness of the findings.

Results

In UVMR analysis, thyrotoxicosis (TOS) was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy across four stages (OR, 1.10–1.19; P<0.025). However, MVMR analysis, after adjusting for Graves’ disease (GD) and/or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), revealed no significant association between TOS and the four stages of diabetic retinopathy. The Meta-analysis demonstrated the collective effect of TOS on diabetic retinopathy across all stages [OR=1.11; 95% CI (1.08–1.15); P<0.01]. In UVMR analysis, the estimates for hypothyroidism (HPT) and GD were similar to those for TOS. In the MVMR analysis, after adjusting for RA, the significant effect of HPT on DR and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) remained. Additionally, MVMR analysis suggested that the estimates for GD on DR were not affected by TOS, except for GD-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, no significant correlation persisted after adjusting for RA, including for GD-PDR.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated a significant association between thyroid dysfunction TD and DR, with the relationship being particularly pronounced in HPT-DR.
Comparison of protective effects of teneligliptin and luseogliflozin on pancreatic β-cell function: randomized, parallel-group, multicenter, open-label study (SECRETE-I study)
Authors: Shimoda Masashi , Katakura Yukino , Mashiko Akiko , Iwamoto Masahiro , Nakanishi Shuhei , Anno Takatoshi , Kawasaki Fumiko , Obata Atsushi , Fushimi Yoshiro , Sanada Junpei , Kohara Kenji , Isobe Hayato , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Hirukawa Hidenori , Tatsumi Fuminori , Kimura Yukiko , Kimura Tomohiko , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim of this study is to directly compare the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors on β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods

We conducted a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study, including a 1-2 week drug washout period, in patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c ≥7.0% and <9.0% and BMI ≥20 kg/m2 despite treatment with a drug naïve or other than DPP-4 inhibitors or SGLT2 inhibitors. A total of 103 subjects were randomly assigned to receive once daily oral luseogliflozin (L) or teneligliptin (T). The primary endpoint was the effect of L vs. T on the change in logarithmus naturalis (Ln) disposition index (DI) (DI 0-120min; combining measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity) from baseline to week 25-26 (post intervention), which was calculated by conducting an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results

Ln DI 0-120min were improved in both groups: -0.46 ± 0.68 to -0.20 ± 0.59 (p=0.03) in L group and -0.26 ± 0.60 to -0.05 ± 0.62 (p=0.01) in T group. The change in Ln serum proinsulin/C-peptide ratio, a marker of β-cell dysfunction, was reduced in L group (1.63 ± 0.63 to 1.56 ± 0.68, p=0.16), but rather increased in T group (1.70 ± 0.75 to 1.90 ± 0.51, p=0.01), with significant difference between the two groups (-0.27; p=0.004).

Conclusions

Improvement of disposition index in subjects with obese type 2 diabetes was comparable between luseogliflozin and teneligliptin. On the other hand, it is likely that alleviation of β-cell dysfunction is more effective with luseogliflozin compared to tenegliptin.

Clinical trial registration

https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en, identifier jRCTs061190008.
Animal models of membranous nephropathy: more choices and higher similarity
Authors: Pan Ying , Chen Si , Wu Lin , Xing Changying , Mao Huijuan , Liang Hongwei , Yuan Yanggang
Published: October 2024

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune glomerular disease in which PLA2R1 is the main autoantibody. It has become the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome, and about one-third of patients can progress to end-stage kidney disease, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Animal models can be used as suitable tools to study the pathogenesis and treatment of MN. The previous Heymann nephritis rat model and C-BSA animal model are widely used to study the pathogenesis of MN. However, the lack of target antigen expression in podocytes of model animals (especially rodents) restricts the application. In recent years, researchers constructed animal models of antigen-specific MN, such as THSD7A, PLA2R1, which more truly simulate the pathogenesis and pathological features of MN and provide more choices for the follow-up researchers. When selecting these MN models, we need to consider many aspects, including cost, difficulty of model preparation, labor force, and whether the final model can answer the research questions. This review is to comprehensively evaluate the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages and feasibility of existing animal models, and provide new reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of MN.
Upregulation of TREM2 expression in M2 macrophages promotes Brucella abortus chronic infection
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Yan Zhirong , Zhang Weiyu , Liu Xiaofeng , Wang Jun , Peng Qisheng
Published: October 2024

Brucella abortus (B.abortus) is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that causes chronic host infections. The eradication of brucellosis using antibiotic therapy is often incomplete or slow. In a mouse model, the predominance of alternatively activated macrophages (also known as M2) plays an essential role in sustaining chronic infection. The underlying functional mechanism by which M2 sustains chronic infection remains unclear. Here, we show that B. abortus can enter M2 via triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and promotes the upregulation of TREM2 expression of M2 in a type IV secretion system (T4SS)-dependent manner. Increased TREM2 enhances B. abortus growth within M2 by suppressing intracellular ROS production, preventing M2 pyroptosis via suppression of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), and promoting M2 proliferation by increasing β-catenin expression. In line with these results, downregulation of TREM2 expression suppressed B. abortus intracellular growth and M2 proliferation and induced M2 pyroptosis. In our mouse model, upregulation of TREM2 expression sustained the accumulation of M2 and B. abortus chronic infection, whereas downregulation of TREM2 expression restricted M2 proliferation and chronic infection. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting TREM2 may be a potential adjunct to antibiotic therapy for the prevention of chronic Brucella infection.
Knowledge and attitudes of hand, foot, and mouth disease infection among medical students and physicians at the University of Jeddah
Authors: Alshahrani Najim Z. , Bukhari Suzan M. , Bukhari Lujain M. , Alghamdi Lama S. , Aljohani Shouq R. , Ghurab Radwan A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Recent HFMD cases have surged in Saudi Arabia, highlighting a literature gap on healthcare professionals’ understanding and attitudes towards HFMD. This study evaluates and compares knowledge and attitudes among medical students and physicians at the University of Jeddah.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study design was employed to survey medical students and physicians at the University of Jeddah from 1 November 2023 to 1 January 2024. Participants were assessed using multiple-item scales to measure their knowledge (max score: 23) and attitudes (max score: 32) towards HFMD. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association between various independent factors and the outcomes of interest (knowledge and attitude levels).

Results

A total of 317 responses (260 medical students and 57 physicians) were analyzed. Among medical students, the analysis of knowledge scores revealed a mean score of 6.36, with a standard deviation (SD) of 5.68, a median score of 6, and an interquartile range (IQR) of 0-10. About 31.6% of the students demonstrated adequate knowledge of HFMD. Notably, students who had received education on HFMD showed significantly higher levels of knowledge compared to those who had not. For student attitudes towards HFMD, the mean score in the attitude group was 20.1, with a SD of 4.2, a median of 20, and an IQR of 16 to 23. Among physicians, the mean knowledge score for those with adequate knowledge was 14.3, with a SD of 4.3 and a median of 15, and an IQR of 12-18. Furthermore, 54.4% of the physicians showed good knowledge, with being single significantly associated with this higher level of knowledge. In terms of attitudes among physicians, the mean score for the positive attitude group was 19.8, with a SD of 5.92, and a median score of 20, with an IQR of 16 to 25.

Conclusion

The study highlights a significant gap in knowledge and attitudes towards HFMD among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia.
Statistical analysis of apparent morphology and characteristics of corroded rebars of concrete in the marine environment
Authors: Ying Zongquan , Li Jiamin , Zhao Juan
Published: October 2024

The residual cross-sectional areas of corroded rebars and their uniformity are the main indexes to evaluate the safety and durability of concrete structures in the marine environment. To evaluate corrosion characteristics of naturally corroded rebars, nineteen corroded rebars were extracted from the prototype components of a high-pile wharf with 35 years of service. The apparent morphology characteristics of corroded rebars were obtained using 3D scanning. The results indicate that the corrosion is non-uniform along both the longitudinal and cross-sectional directions of the corroded rebars. In the marine environment, the residual cross-sectional areas of corroded rebars along the length adhere to a three-parameter Weibull distribution; however, no specific probability distribution model or clear correlation with the distribution pattern exists for rebars with varying corrosion degrees. The spatial heterogeneity factors of the rebars are characterized by a three-parameter Frechet distribution.
Development and construction of a cataract risk prediction model based on biochemical indices: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Yi Xiang-Long
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel multivariable prediction model capable of accurately estimating the probability of cataract development, utilizing parameters such as blood biochemical markers and age.

Design

This population-based cross-sectional study comprised 9,566 participants drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) across the 2005–2008 cycles.

Methods

Demographic information and laboratory test results from the patients were collected and analyzed using LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression to accurately capture the influence of biochemical indicators on the outcomes. The SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) scale was employed to assess the importance of each clinical feature, excluding age. A multivariate logistic regression model was then developed and visualized as a nomogram. To assess the model’s performance, its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 10-fold cross-validation, Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.

Results

Logistic regression analysis identified age, erythrocyte folate (nmol/L), blood glucose (mmol/L), and blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) as independent risk factors for cataract, and these variables were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression-based nomogram for cataract risk prediction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for cataract risk prediction was 0.917 (95% CI: 0.9067–0.9273) in the training cohort, and 0.9148 (95% CI: 0.8979–0.9316) in the validation cohort. The Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve demonstrated a good fit, indicating strong model calibration. Ten-fold cross-validation confirmed the logistic regression model’s robust predictive performance and stability during internal validation. Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the nomogram prediction model provided greater clinical benefit for predicting cataract risk when the patient’s threshold probability ranged from 0.10 to 0.90.

Conclusion

This study identified blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), serum glucose (mmol/L), and erythrocyte folate (mmol/L) as significant risk factors for cataract. A risk prediction model was developed, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy and clinical utility, offering clinicians a reliable tool for early and effective diagnosis. Cataract development may be delayed by reducing levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, and erythrocyte folate through lifestyle improvements and dietary modifications.