bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-B alloy thin films prepared on cubic (001) single-crystal substrates
Authors: Ohtake Mitsuru , Serizawa Kana , Futamoto Masaaki , Kirino Fumiyoshi , Inaba Nobuyuki
Published: October 2017

Fe70Co30 and (Fe70Co30)0.95B5 (at. %) alloy films of 5 nm thickness are prepared by sputtering on cubic (001) oxide substrates at 200 °C. The lattice mismatch between film and substrate is varied from –4.2%, 0%, to +3.5% by employing MgO, MgAl2O4, and SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. Fe70Co30 and (Fe70Co30)0.95B5 single-crystal films with bcc structure grow epitaxially on all the substrates in the orientation relationship of (001)[110]film || (001)[100]substrate. The in-plane and out-of-plane lattice constants, a and c, are in agreement within small differences ranging between +1.1% and –0.9% with the value of bulk bcc-Fe70Co30 crystal, even though there exist the lattice mismatches of –4.2% and +3.5%. The result indicates that misfit dislocations are introduced around the film/substrate interface when films are deposited on MgO and SrTiO3 substrates. The single-crystal films show in-plane magnetic anisotropies with the easy magnetization direction of bcc[100], which are reflecting the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of bulk Fe70Co30 crystal.
Very low frequency noise reduction in orthogonal fluxgate
Authors: Butta Mattia , Janosek Michal
Published: October 2017

In this paper we present a simple, cheap and effective method to obtain reduction of very low frequency noise in an orthogonal fluxgate in fundamental mode. This method consists in the application of a layer of silicone over the magnetic core of the sensor filling the whole space inside the pick-up coil. In this way we avoid fast variations of temperature to affect the offset of the sensor (which is very sensitive to temperature changes). Eventually the offset will still drift to the same value, but it will do it slower, thus reducing the component of the noise in the sub-Hz region. Using this method we could simply reduce the noise at 100 mHz from 23 to 8 pT/√Hz, with no additional hardware on the excitation or signal conditioning circuits.
Using magnetic charge to understand soft-magnetic materials
Authors: Arrott Anthony S. , Templeton Terry L.
Published: October 2017

This is an overview of what the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations are doing in soft-magnetic materials with dimensions large compared to the exchange length. The surface magnetic charges try to cancel applied magnetic fields inside the soft magnetic material. The exchange energy tries to reach a minimum while meeting the boundary conditions set by the magnetic charges by using magnetization patterns that have a curl but no divergence. It can almost do this, but it still pays to add some divergence to further lower the exchange energy. There are then both positively and negatively charged regions in the bulk. The unlike charges attract one another, but do not annihilate because they are paid for by the reduction in exchange energy. The micromagnetics of soft magnetic materials is about how those charges rearrange themselves. The topology of magnetic charge distributions presents challenges for mathematicians. No one guessed that they like to form helical patterns of extended multiples of charge density.
LTCC magnetic components for high density power converter
Authors: Lebourgeois Richard , Labouré Eric , Lembeye Yves , Ferrieux Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

This paper deals with multilayer magnetic components for power electronics application and specifically for high frequency switching. New formulations based on nickel-zinc-copper spinel ferrites were developed for high power and high frequency applications. These ferrites can be sintered at low temperature (around 900°C) which makes them compatible with the LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) technology. Metallic parts of silver or gold can be fully integrated inside the ferrite while guaranteeing the integrity of both the ferrite and the metal. To make inductors or transformers with the required properties, it is mandatory to have nonmagnetic parts between the turns of the winding. Then it is essential to find a dielectric material, which can be co-sintered both with the ferrite and the metal. We will present the solution we found to this problem and we will describe the results we obtained for a multilayer co-sintered transformer. We will see that these new components have good performance compared with the state of the art and are very promising for developing high density switching mode power supplies.
The critical electric field of gas mixtures over the extended range of cryogenic operating conditions
Authors: Park Chanyeop , Pamidi Sastry , Graber Lukas
Published: October 2017

In this study, we provide the critical electric field and dielectric strength of cryogenic gas mixtures over an extended cryogenic temperature and pressure range that covers most of the operating conditions of superconducting applications. For gas-cooled cryogenic systems, condensation must not occur during operation. To prevent condensation, we determine the maximum allowed mole fractions of gas species consisting cryogenic gas mixtures by accounting for the operating conditions of cryogenic applications. Subsequently, we estimate the dielectric strength of the gas mixtures in terms of the density-reduced critical electric field ((E/N)cr), obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation with the two-term approximation method. Using the values of (E/N)cr, we calculate the critical electric field (Ecr) over the extended cryogenic operation range of 10–100 K at pressures between 1.0 and 2.0 MPa. The results show that the dielectric strength of cryogenic gas mixtures varies as a function of temperature at a constant operating pressure and reaches its minimum at the condensation point of each gas mixture. The results also suggest that (E/N)cr cannot accurately represent the maximum achievable dielectric strength of a gas mixture unless the maximum allowed mole fractions of gas species have been taken into account. Hence, we discuss (E/N)cr values that are derived from the regulated concentration of gas constituents, which will prevent the components of gas mixtures from condensing. This study provides useful recommendations on the suitability of the gas mixtures and useful reference data for the dielectric design of superconducting and cryogenic applications.
Thermal transport characterization of hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Khan Asir Intisar , Navid Ishtiaque Ahmed , Noshin Maliha , Subrina Samia
Published: October 2017

Due to similar atomic bonding and electronic structure to graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has broad application prospects such as the design of next generation energy efficient nano-electronic devices. Practical design and efficient performance of these devices based on h-BN nanostructures would require proper thermal characterization of h-BN nanostructures. Hence, in this study we have performed equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation using an optimized Tersoff-type interatomic potential to model the thermal transport of nanometer sized zigzag hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons (h-BNNRs). We have investigated the thermal conductivity of h-BNNRs as a function of temperature, length and width. Thermal conductivity of h-BNNRs shows strong temperature dependence. With increasing width, thermal conductivity increases while an opposite pattern is observed with the increase in length. Our study on h-BNNRs shows considerably lower thermal conductivity compared to GNRs. To elucidate these aspects, we have calculated phonon density of states for both h-BNNRs and GNRs. Moreover, using EMD we have explored the impact of different vacancies, namely, point vacancy, edge vacancy and bi-vacancy on the thermal conductivity of h-BNNRs. With varying percentages of vacancies, significant reduction in thermal conductivity is observed and it is found that, edge and point vacancies are comparatively more destructive than bi-vacancies. Such study would contribute further into the growing interest for accurate thermal transport characterization of low dimensional nanostructures.
On the energy deposition into the plasma for an inverted fireball geometry
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Gruenwald Johannes
Published: October 2017

Energy deposition into a plasma for an inverted fireball geometry is studied using a self-consistent two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo collision model. In this model, the cathode is a pin which injects the fixed electron current and the anode is a hollow metal tube covered with the metal grid. We obtain an almost constant ratio between the densities of plasmas generated in the cathode-grid gap and inside the hollow anode. The results of the simulations show that there is no energy exchange between the beam and plasma electrons at low emission currents. For increasing current, however, we observe the increasing coupling between the electron beam and the thermal plasma electrons. This leads to the heating of plasma electrons and the generation of the so-called supra-thermal electrons.
New exact periodic solitary-wave solutions for the new (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in multi-temperature electron plasmas
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Tian Yu , Zeng Zhi-Fang
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we aim to introduce a new form of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation for the long waves of small amplitude with slow dependence on the transverse coordinate. By using the Hirota’s bilinear form and the extended homoclinic test approach, new exact periodic solitary-wave solutions for the new (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are presented. Moreover, the properties and characteristics for these new exact periodic solitary-wave solutions are discussed with some figures.
X-ray spectrometer having 12 000 resolving power at 8 keV energy
Authors: Seely John F. , Hudson Lawrence T. , Henins Albert , Feldman Uri
Published: October 2017

An x-ray spectrometer employing a thin (50 μm) silicon transmission crystal was used to record high-resolution Cu Kα spectra from a laboratory x-ray source. The diffraction was from the (331) planes that were at an angle of 13.26° to the crystal surface. The components of the spectral lines resulting from single-vacancy (1s) and double-vacancy (1s and 3d) transitions were observed. After accounting for the natural lifetime widths from reference double-crystal spectra and the spatial resolution of the image plate detector, the intrinsic broadening of the transmission crystal was measured to be as small as 0.67 eV and the resolving power 12 000, the highest resolving power achieved by a compact (0.5 m long) spectrometer employing a single transmission crystal operating in the hard x-ray region. By recording spectra with variable source-to-crystal distances and comparing to the calculated widths from various geometrical broadening mechanisms, the primary contributions to the intrinsic crystal broadening were found to be the source height at small distances and the crystal apertured height at large distances. By reducing these two effects, using a smaller source size and vignetting the crystal height, the intrinsic crystal broadening is then limited by the crystal thickness and the rocking curve width and would be 0.4 eV at 8 keV energy (20 000 resolving power).
Pinning-dependent vortex wall oscillations in a one dimensional NiFe nanowire
Authors: He Jialiang , Li Zhenghua , Hong Yi , Zhang Jing , Li Xiang , Lu Wei
Published: October 2017

Domain wall dynamics under the action of applied forces are crucial for future device concepts. We present the specific features of the vortex wall (VW) under the combination of an applied force, collective pinning, and magnetic anisotropy in a patterned rectangular shaped NiFe nanowire. We show the experimental evidence of VW propagation and the VW-based spin wave (SW) oscillation with intrinsic pinning barriers. As the VW was excited by a microwave antenna, the SW modes exhibited a localized or periodic oscillation feature with well-defined frequencies, which opens up the possibility to control data transport and processing by SW features.
Classical-quantum arbitrarily varying wiretap channel: Secret message transmission under jamming attacks
Authors: Boche Holger , Cai Minglai , Deppe Christian , Nötzel Janis
Published: October 2017

We analyze arbitrarily varying classical-quantum wiretap channels. These channels are subject to two attacks at the same time: one passive (eavesdropping) and one active (jamming). We elaborate on our previous studies [H. Boche et al., Quantum Inf. Process. 15(11), 4853–4895 (2016) and H. Boche et al., Quantum Inf. Process. 16(1), 1–48 (2016)] by introducing a reduced class of allowable codes that fulfills a more stringent secrecy requirement than earlier definitions. In addition, we prove that non-symmetrizability of the legal link is sufficient for equality of the deterministic and the common randomness assisted secrecy capacities. Finally, we focus on analytic properties of both secrecy capacities: We completely characterize their discontinuity points and their super-activation properties.
Climate models with delay differential equations
Authors: Keane Andrew , Krauskopf Bernd , Postlethwaite Claire M.
Published: October 2017

A fundamental challenge in mathematical modelling is to find a model that embodies the essential underlying physics of a system, while at the same time being simple enough to allow for mathematical analysis. Delay differential equations (DDEs) can often assist in this goal because, in some cases, only the delayed effects of complex processes need to be described and not the processes themselves. This is true for some climate systems, whose dynamics are driven in part by delayed feedback loops associated with transport times of mass or energy from one location of the globe to another. The infinite-dimensional nature of DDEs allows them to be sufficiently complex to reproduce realistic dynamics accurately with a small number of variables and parameters. In this paper, we review how DDEs have been used to model climate systems at a conceptual level. Most studies of DDE climate models have focused on gaining insights into either the global energy balance or the fundamental workings of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. For example, studies of DDEs have led to proposed mechanisms for the interannual oscillations in sea-surface temperature that is characteristic of ENSO, the irregular behaviour that makes ENSO difficult to forecast and the tendency of El Niño events to occur near Christmas. We also discuss the tools used to analyse such DDE models. In particular, the recent development of continuation software for DDEs makes it possible to explore large regions of parameter space in an efficient manner in order to provide a “global picture” of the possible dynamics. We also point out some directions for future research, including the incorporation of non-constant delays, which we believe could improve the descriptive power of DDE climate models.
On flow fluctuation's impact on the performance of vertical axis turbines—A potential flow analysis
Authors: Li Ye , Calisal Sander M.
Published: October 2017

During the last decade, with rapidly increasing deployment of tidal current turbine prototypes in many countries, a number of failures have been reported. Several of these failures were attributed to the intensive flow fluctuation around the device. As a result, designers had to re-design their devices although no initial design stage approach is available yet. In this paper, we derive a formulation to quantify the relationship between the power output fluctuation and the flow fluctuation with a newly defined power fluctuation coefficient. Particularly, it includes various turbine design parameters. It suggests that the turbine fluctuation coefficient is proportional to the solidity and the square root of the tip speed ratio. For a curved-blade turbine, the relationship between the blade span length and the maximum radius is critical. Furthermore, we present a procedure to identify the impact of wake vortices on the turbine blade, from which they shed. The results obtained from both the formulation and the above procedure show good agreement with those obtained from the experimental test and expensive numerical tools, but the current formulation and procedure cost much less. They are expected to provide guidance and assistance to turbine design at the initial design stage and can also be applicable to the vertical axis wind turbine design.
Voltage tunable plasmon propagation in dual gated bilayer graphene
Authors: Farzaneh Seyed M. , Rakheja Shaloo
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we theoretically investigate plasmon propagation characteristics in AB and AA stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) in the presence of energy asymmetry due to an electrostatic field oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the graphene sheet. We first derive the optical conductivity of BLG using the Kubo formalism incorporating energy asymmetry and finite electron scattering. All results are obtained for room temperature (300 K) operation. By solving Maxwell's equations in a dual gate device setup, we obtain the wavevector of propagating plasmon modes in the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) directions at terahertz frequencies. The plasmon wavevector allows us to compare the compression factor, propagation length, and the mode confinement of TE and TM plasmon modes in bilayer and monolayer graphene sheets and also to study the impact of material parameters on plasmon characteristics. Our results show that the energy asymmetry can be harnessed to increase the propagation length of TM plasmons in BLG. AA stacked BLG shows a larger increase in the propagation length than AB stacked BLG; conversely, it is very insensitive to the Fermi level variations. Additionally, the dual gate structure allows independent modulation of the energy asymmetry and the Fermi level in BLG, which is advantageous for reconfiguring plasmon characteristics post device fabrication.
Random number generator based on an integrated laser with on-chip optical feedback
Authors: Verschaffelt Guy , Khoder Mulham , Van der Sande Guy
Published: October 2017

We discuss the design and testing of a laser integrated with a long on-chip optical feedback section. The device and feedback section have been fabricated on a generic photonic integration platform using only standard building blocks. We have been able to integrate a 10 cm feedback length on a footprint of 5.5 mm2. By controlling the amount of feedback, we achieve chaotic dynamics in the long-cavity regime and show that the resulting dynamics is sufficiently complex in order to generate random bits based on the chaotic intensity fluctuation at a rate of 500 Mbits/s.
Seasonality, sex ratio, spawning frequency and sexual maturity of the opakapaka Pristipomoides filamentosus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from the Main Hawaiian Islands: fundamental input to size-at-retention regulations
Authors: Luers Meagan A. , DeMartini Edward E. , Humphreys Robert L.
Published: October 2017

The crimson jobfish Pristipomoides filamentosus (locally known as ‘opakapaka’ in Hawaii) is a deep-water eteline lutjanid that supports important commercial and recreational fisheries in Hawaii and throughout much of the Indo-Pacific region. It is one of the most commonly caught species of the ‘Deep-7’ bottomfish species complex in the commercial bottomfish fishery of Hawaii. However, there are currently no validated estimates of median body sizes at sexual maturity that can be used in a comprehensive evaluation of the species’ stock status within Hawaiian bottomfish fisheries. Herein we provide size-at-maturity estimates for the species in the main Hawaiian Islands: median length at maturity of 40.7-cm fork length (FL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 40.3–41.2cm) for females and 34.3cm FL (95% CI 33.3–35.3cm) for males, with respective equivalent median weight-at-maturity estimates of ~1.17 and ~0.70kg (2.58 and 1.55 lb). We suggest these newly available data be seriously considered in any future evaluations of minimum size regulations, currently set at ~0.45kg (1 lb) regardless of sex, for the species’ fisheries in Hawaii.
Native marsupials as egg predators of artificial ground-nests in Australian woodland
Authors: Fulton Graham R.
Published: October 2017

Reviews of nest predation call for the identification of nest predators. The identity of nest predators is perhaps most poorly known for ground-nesting birds. Marsupials are not generally regarded as potential nest-predators of these birds, partly because the biology of rare Australian marsupials is not fully understood due to their rarity. This study identified three marsupials – boodie (Bettongia lesueur), woylie (Bettongia penicillata) and brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) – taking eggs from artificial nests modelled on that of the threatened painted button-quail (Turnix varius). Approximately one-third of the eggs were taken by the two bettongs and another third by the brushtail possum. I present dietary evidence of bettongs consuming vertebrate items including taking live prey to provide external validation for the notion that they may depredate natural nests. I suggest that more research is required on the impacts of reintroductions to avoid deleterious effects on resident species.
The misleading narrative of the canonical faculty productivity trajectory
Authors: Way Samuel F. , Morgan Allison C. , Clauset Aaron , Larremore Daniel B.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Scholarly productivity impacts nearly every aspect of a researcher’s career, from their initial placement as faculty to funding and tenure decisions. Historically, expectations for individuals rely on 60 years of research on aggregate trends, which suggest that productivity rises rapidly to an early-career peak and then gradually declines. Here we show, using comprehensive data on the publication and employment histories of an entire field of research, that the canonical narrative of “rapid rise, gradual decline” describes only about one-fifth of individual faculty, and the remaining four-fifths exhibit a rich diversity of productivity patterns. This suggests existing models and expectations for faculty productivity require revision, as they capture only one of many ways to have a successful career in science.
Neuron-specific methylome analysis reveals epigenetic regulation and tau-related dysfunction of BRCA1 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mano Tatsuo , Nagata Kenichi , Nonaka Takashi , Tarutani Airi , Imamura Tomohiro , Hashimoto Tadafumi , Bannai Taro , Koshi-Mano Kagari , Tsuchida Takeyuki , Ohtomo Ryo , Takahashi-Fujigasaki Junko , Yamashita Satoshi , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Yamasaki Ryo , Tsuji Shoji , Tamaoka Akira , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Saido Takaomi C. , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ushijima Toshikazu , Murayama Shigeo , Hasegawa Masato , Iwata Atsushi
Published: October 2017

Significance

To extract critical information from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) postmortem brains that may otherwise be lost, we chose to screen epigenetic signatures. Epigenome analysis is a robust methodology in terms of its cell type and gene specificity, suitability for high-throughput analysis, and resistance to postmortem degradation. Analysis of the neuron-specific methylome revealed a variety of differentially methylated genes, includingBRCA1. We demonstrate the pathogenic relevance of compromised genomic integrity by analyzing the neuroprotective function of BRCA1 against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, insolubility of BRCA1 under the presence of aggregated tau suggested the reason for its dysfunction despite enhanced expression. We provide insight into the pathomechanism of AD and demonstrate the potential of screening neuron-specific methylome to reveal new pathogenic contributors.
Visualizing nuclear RNAi activity in single living human cells
Authors: Avivi Shira , Mor Amir , Dotan Iris , Tzadok Sivan , Kanter Itamar , Kinor Noa , Canaani Dan , Shav-Tal Yaron
Published: October 2017

Significance

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process occurring in cells, and is used to silence genes. Typically, RNAi occurs via small RNA molecules generated in the cell nucleus, which are exported to the cytoplasm where they silence messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. However, RNAi is thought to occur in the nucleus as well. To demonstrate that this process can occur in the nucleus and to determine its dynamics, we generated human cell systems that enabled us to image living cells and to track gene silencing as it transpired in real time. We found that the RNAi machinery can target the mRNA as it is being transcribed, and that silencing is mediated through modifications occurring on histone proteins bound to the DNA.
Minimal and RNA-free RNase P in
Aquifex aeolicus
Authors: Nickel Astrid I. , Wäber Nadine B. , Gößringer Markus , Lechner Marcus , Linne Uwe , Toth Ursula , Rossmanith Walter , Hartmann Roland K.
Published: October 2017

Significance

RNase P is a tRNA-processing enzyme of unique architectural diversity: either a catalytic RNA plus one or more (up to 10) proteins, or one (or three) unrelated proteins only. We identified yet another enzyme form in the bacterium
Aquifex aeolicus
, a 23-kDa protein and the smallest known form of RNase P. Apparently, it was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from Archaea. In some other bacteria and many archaea, it is simultaneously present with the presumably more ancient RNA-based enzyme form. Bacteria with both activities may represent the missing link of RNase P evolution, a transition state that had also been once traversed by the
Aquificaceae
, which, however, later lost their RNA-based RNase P.
Across the tree of life, radiation resistance is governed by antioxidant Mn
2+
, gauged by paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Gaidamakova Elena K. , Grichenko Olga , Matrosova Vera Y. , Hoeke Veronika , Klimenkova Polina , Conze Isabel H. , Volpe Robert P. , Tkavc Rok , Gostinčar Cene , Gunde-Cimerman Nina , DiRuggiero Jocelyne , Shuryak Igor , Ozarowski Andrew , Hoffman Brian M. , Daly Michael J.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Decades of functional genomic efforts have failed to predict the ability of cells to survive ionizing radiation (IR). Evidence is mounting that small high-symmetry antioxidant complexes of manganous ions with metabolites (H-Mn
2+
) are responsible for cellular IR resistance, and that H-Mn
2+
protects the proteome, not the genome, from IR-induced reactive oxygen species. We show that the amount of H-Mn
2+
in nonirradiated living cells is readily gauged by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and highly diagnostic of their DNA repair efficiency and survival after gamma-radiation exposure. This spectroscopic measure of cellular H-Mn
2+
content is the strongest known biological indicator of cellular IR resistance between and within organisms across the three domains of the tree of life, with potential applications including optimization of radiotherapy.
Argumentative and non-argumentative rhetorical content
Authors: Bermejo-Luque Lilian
Published: October 2017

Following a conception of the rhetorical dimension of communication as a matter of its ability to induce beliefs and attitudes, this paper proposes an analysis of the rhetorical content of a piece of communication in terms of the perlocutionary effects that it can be expected to produce in its addressees. Following this view, a distinction is drawn between argumentative and non-argumentative rhetorical content, which is illustrated by considering some pieces of discourse about same-sex marriage. I argue that whether or not we deal with argumentation proper, we can find both types of rhetorical content in any type of communication.
Reason and passion in political rhetoric
Authors: Kienpointner Manfred
Published: October 2017

The central question, which I wish to answer with the help of the following case study in political rhetoric, can be formulated as follows: Can Louise Michel’s revolutionary rhetoric successfully combine reason (logos), character (ethos) and passion (pathos)? Michel’s revolutionary rhetoric is part of a long tradition of outstanding written and/or spoken freedom discourse. Moreover, it is an example of how an individual speaker adapts to and/or modifies existing preconditions and conventions within the genres of deliberation (communicative activity types within this genre: e.g. political speech, political essay, plenary debate) and adjudication (communicative activity types within this genre: e.g. court proceedings, arbitration; cf. van Eemeren, 2010, p. 143).

In order to explore the general historical background of Michel’s speech, I first briefly summarize the philosophical discussion of the concept of „freedom“. After that, the central question will be tentatively answered on the basis of the classical Aristotelian trichotomy of logos, ethos and pathos. Louise Michel has been praised for her extraordinary courage, altruistic attitude and relentless energy. So there is no doubt that her ethos had a considerable impact on her rhetorical success. She was also highly efficient as far as the arousal of strong emotions in her audience is concerned (pathos).

Less attention has been paid to Michel’s anarchist arguments (logos) and their verbal presentation. In this paper, some of the most important arguments to be found in her political speeches and articles will be analysed and critically evaluated. Moreover, Michel’s verbal presentation techniques will be described.

Apart from the Aristotelian concepts of logos, ethos and pathos, Critical Discourse Analysis (cf. Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012) and Pragma-Dialectics, especially van Eemeren’s (2010, p. 40) elaboration of the concept of “strategic maneuvering” and its adaptation to the context of political rhetoric (cf. van Eemeren & Garssen, 2012), will be taken as a theoretical starting point. I conclude that Michel only partially succeeds in combining rhetorical efficiency with standards of rational argumentation. All in all, however, her political discourse has to be taken seriously.
Context and genre in judicial argumentation
Authors: Santulli Francesca
Published: October 2017

This chapter takes into consideration the role of context in the production of judicial texts, focusing on judgements as a genre which displays special argumentative and textual characters. The purpose of the research, hinged on a case study, is to investigate how deeply and in which ways some features of the professional community generating an argumentative text – namely, the legal system and the traditional rules typical of the judicial community in the Italian tradition – influence both the logic and the linguistic structure.

The case study combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Frequency lists and concordance lines produced with the Wordsmith Tools software are analysed and compared with data emerging from qualitative investigation in a discourse-based perspective, focusing on the actual use of argumentation. The analysis shows how the judge develops the argumentative line, taking a stand in the interlocutive dimension, and thus complying with legislative and discursive norms typical of the Italian judicial context.
Multi-participant TV debate as an argumentative activity type
Authors: Demir Yeliz
Published: October 2017

Television debates are a tool of public deliberation through which ordinary citizens can get involved in deliberative democracy. They are argumentative events in which standpoints about a controversial issue are raised, defended, and criticized. By adopting the pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation (van Eemeren & Houtlosser, 2005; van Eemeren, 2010), this paper aims to characterize a multi-participant TV debate (MPTD) as an argumentative activity type. Argumentative characterization of an MPTD involves, first of all, providing a detailed description of the institutional constraints imposed on the argumentative practices in this activity type, and next, distinguishing in MPTD the empirical counterparts of the four stages of a critical discussion. For illustration, the paper draws its examples from Siyaset Meydanı, an MPTD that had a long broadcasting history in Turkey. As a result of the characterization achieved in this paper, it is concluded that an MPTD is a moderately-conventionalized deliberative activity type preconditioned by both implicit and explicit norms governing the conduct of argumentation.
The transmission of what is taken for granted in children’s socialization
Authors: Bova Antonio , Arcidiacono Francesco , Clément Fabrice
Published: October 2017

Argumentation is often considered as a way to transmit explicit information. However, in daily context-based activities, argumentation practices are embedded in discussions where many norms, beliefs, and values are taken for granted. Our objective is to evaluate the consequences of this daily argumentative processes in terms of socialization. More specifically, we focus on family mealtime conversations and analyze the structure of argumentation thanks to an ideographic methodology based on two models: the pragma-dialectical ideal model of critical discussion (van Eemeren & Grootendorst, 2004) and the Argumentum Model of Topics (Rigotti & Greco Morasso, 2010).

The results, based on a corpus of 30 video-recorded separate meals of 10 middle to upper-middle-class Swiss and Italian families, indicate that implicits in argumentation are particularly effective in transmitting what is taken for granted in any given cultural community. This effectiveness derives from the fact that presuppositions, i.e. background information not explicitly indicated as relevant, appear as unquestionable. Children, who are largely dependent on adults for their well-being as well as for their knowledge acquisition, are not in a position to call into question these presuppositions. Moreover, in the absence of the background necessary to understand an argument, children have to figure out (initially vaguely) a certain context that enables them to make sense of the ongoing dialogue. This background will progressively be enriched thanks to other interactions. Therefore the chances that many aspects of what is taken for granted in any given family will be maintained in the next generation are particularly high.

The results of this study can contribute to the wider theme of argumentative practices and debates in societal and family issues. Family interactions constitute a favorable discursive arena involving children and adults through different intersubjective positions that are shaped by socio-cultural and interpersonal factors within the contingent context of a discussion. Assuming the perspective of argumentation as cultural activity contributes not only to giving conditions for defining development, but also to framing the context in which the development is supported.
Visual arguments in activists’ campaigns
Authors: Degano Chiara
Published: October 2017

This chapter contributes to the ongoing debate on the possibility and realizations of visual arguments, focussing on advertisements produced by NGOs as part of their campaigns – image-based messages that are inherently argumentative and whose reach, thanks to the Web, extends well beyond the time and space constraints of the campaigns themselves. One of the nodes of such a debate concerns whether visuals can express at the same time the two parts of an argument (standpoint and supporting argument), and how each of them can be identified. The analysis carried out here heads into this direction, by putting to use categories from Kress and van Leeuwen’s ‘grammar’ of visual design and combining them with the tenets of the pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation.
Attacks on the cartoonist’s strategic manoeuvring
Authors: Plug H. José
Published: October 2017

Political cartoons may be understood as instances of visual or multimodal argumentative discourse. When a political cartoon is a subject of controversy, the criticism of the cartoon may therefore be aimed at the argumentation. For the purpose of a systematic analysis of visual and multimodal argumentation that gives rise to controversy, I make use of insights of the extended pragma-dialectical argumentation theory by van Eemeren (2010). The analysis provides a starting point to determine what aspect of strategic manoeuvring is criticised and to specify the derailment of strategic manoeuvring the cartoonist is accused of. Accordingly, the analysis facilitates a refined evaluation of the accusation in which general soundness conditions are amended or supplemented by relevant institutional conditions. In this study I will concentrate on controversies on political cartoons that make use of visual metaphors to scrutinize politicians’ behaviour or actions.
Towards a new understanding of absorbing reading experiences
Authors: Kuijpers Moniek M. , Hakemulder Frank , Balint Katalin , Doicaru Miruna , Tan Ed
Published: October 2017

When reading literary narratives, we assume that readers can get absorbed in the story world and in the story’s artifice. Since most absorption research focuses primarily on popular media, virtually no attention has been paid to the possibility that literary devices such as deviation could elicit absorption experiences or that absorption could be aesthetic in nature. This chapter takes an interdisciplinary approach combining insights from media psychology, literary studies, and aesthetics to present a theoretical framework for two different varieties of narrative aesthetic absorption during reading: story world absorption and artifact absorption. We propose that these varieties mirror the distinction made by narratologists between story and discourse and the distinction made by emotion psychologists between F and A emotions.
Immersion into narrative and poetic worlds
Authors: Jacobs Arthur M. , Lüdtke Jana
Published: October 2017

A key assumption of the neurocognitive poetics model (NCPM; Jacobs, 2015a) of literary reading is the duality of immersive and aesthetic processes being conceived as rival forces driven by different text features and their implicit vs. explicit processing. With regard to the experiential phenomenon of immersion, the NCPM specifies a variety of facilitative processes at both the affective-cognitive and neuronal levels which will be further differentiated here in the light of results from recent neurocognitive and behavioral studies on reading short stories, excerpts from novels, and poems.
Into film
Authors: Tan Ed , Doicaru Miruna M. , Hakemulder Frank , Balint Katalin , Kuijpers Moniek M.
Published: October 2017

Most film viewers know the experience of being deeply absorbed in the story of a popular film. It seems that at such moments they lose awareness of watching a movie. And yet it is highly unlikely that they completely ignore the fact that they watch a narrative and technological construction. Perhaps film viewers experience being in a story world while simultaneously being aware of its construction. Such a dual awareness would seem paradoxical, because the experience of the one would go at the cost of the other. We argue that the solution of this paradox requires dropping the notion of an undivided consciousness, and replacing it with one of consciousness as coming in degrees. In this chapter we present both cognitive and film-analytic arguments for differential awareness of story and narration/technology, and argue that a characteristic of absorption is to be found in story world super-consciousness.
“Spellbound in darkness”
Authors: Kessler Frank
Published: October 2017

This contribution discusses various strands in classical and modern film theory that have tried to conceptualize the phenomenon of absorption. In the 1910’s already, several authors described the specific state the film spectator is in with a dream. This metaphor has been taken up in a variety of ways, from the often-used designation of Hollywood as a “dream factory” to psychoanalytical film theory in the 1970’s. The so-called cinematic apparatus – the darkened hall, the projector and the positioning of the spectator – was seen as a crucial element in producing this dream-like state, as was the specific impression of reality that filmic images produce. This strand is manifest in the French Filmology movement, in early semiotic film theory and, again, in psychoanalytical film theory. The article also discusses alternative accounts for the phenomenon of absorption such as the semio-paragmatic concept of “fictionalisation” or the more recently used concept of “immersion”.
Identifying with in-game characters
Authors: van Vught Jasper , Schott Gareth
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the concepts of identification and presence in videogames by drawing on interview data from players playing a first- and third-person ‘violent’ game. Other than the more uniform relationships between perspective and identification claimed in game violence effect research, our data suggest that identification is a more complex and selective process. The third-person perspective allowed for an assessment of, and identification with, the character’s physical characteristics and fostered a greater interest in the game’s narrative unfolding (narrative involvement), while the first-person game allowed for identification with the character’s point-of-view encouraging players to adopt the character’s spatial position as their own (spatial presence). This chapter thus calls for a reassessment of the complex relationships between perspective, identification and presence.
The effect of suspense structure on felt suspense and narrative absorption in literature and film
Authors: Bálint Katalin , Kuijpers Moniek M. , Doicaru Miruna M.
Published: October 2017

The present study was to further the understanding of the conceptual relationship between narrative absorption, that is the intense engagement with a story world, and felt suspense, that is the anticipation of a narrative outcome event. To this end, a media comparative online experiment was conducted with a 2 (Media format: film vs. literature) × 2 (Suspense structure: diegetic vs. non-diegetic delay) × 2 (Stories) between subject design. Results revealed a complex relationship among felt suspense, attention, emotional engagement, and transportation, showing the high importance of attention in felt suspense, and the moderating effect of media format and gender. Findings indicate that non-diegetic suspense delay unlike diegetic suspense decreases felt suspense and narrative absorption independently of media format.
Elaboration, emotion, and transportation
Authors: Dixon Peter , Bortolussi Marisa
Published: October 2017

A central component of absorption is the compelling metaphor of “transportation into the story world.” Here, we considered four variables related to transportation and absorption more generally: evoked realism, emotional response, and personal memories as well as transportation. We collected data on these variables from a large crowd-sourced survey of readers’ reactions to their most recently read novel. To provide insight into the causal relations among these variables, we identified the best-fitting structural equation model for these data. The model indicated that transportation was a function of emotional responses, and emotional responses were a function of both evoked realism and personal memories. This analysis was interpreted in terms of the cognitive process of story world elaboration.
Forms of absorption that facilitate the aesthetic and explanatory effects of literary reading
Authors: Kuiken Don , Douglas Shawn
Published: October 2017

Rather than articulating a univocal conception of absorption, we provide a theoretical rationale for the Absorption-like States Questionnaire (ASQ), an instrument that incorporates alternative conceptions of absorption based upon contrasts between forms of (1) attention (sustained concentration and attentional reorienting); (2) embodied space (peri-personal and extra-personal space); (3) self-other relations (pre-enactive empathy and cognitive perspective-taking); and (4) verisimilitude (generalizing realism and self-implicating givenness). Structural equation modeling indicated that, in conjunction with open reflection, a type of absorption called expressive enactment distinctively predicted aesthetic outcomes. In contrast, also in conjunction with open reflection, a type of absorption called integrative comprehension distinctively predicted explanatory outcomes.
Absorption and meaningfulness
Authors: Oliver Mary Beth , Ferchaud Arienne , Yang Chun , Huang Yan , Bailey Erica
Published: October 2017

Recent scholarship has begun to theorize “eudaimonic” media gratifications – gratifications regarding meaningfulness, including thoughts about the human condition, human values, and questions of virtue. In this chapter, we examine the intersection of narrative absorption and eudaimonic gratifications from a variety of vantage points. First, we provide a brief discussion of how we are using these two concepts. Second, we consider eudaimonic motivations as trait-like and state-like measures that are used to describe viewers’ use of media in their search for meaning, and how this motivation heightens the likelihood of absorption during subsequent viewing. Third, we explore theoretical and conceptual accounts of how absorption into narrative worlds may ultimately serve to satisfy eudaimonic goals, resulting in feelings of heightened well-being. Finally, we will outline ideas for how future scholarship may account for evolving technologies in the examination of these relationships.
Absorption in narrative fiction and its possible impact on social abilities
Authors: Calarco Navona , Fong Katrina , Rain Marina , Mar Raymond A.
Published: October 2017

A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to narrative fiction may be related to our ability to empathize with others, take their perspective, and understand what they are thinking and feeling. In this chapter we review the available empirical research linking narratives with the ability to infer others’ mental states, as well as the possibility that those who become more transported into a story might exhibit better mental-inference ability. We conclude with a discussion of how these issues relate to narratives in audiovisual modalities, such as TV shows and videogames.
Racist speech as a linguistic discriminatory practice in Brazil
Authors: Santos Allen Karla Cristina dos
Published: October 2017

Brazilian law establishes a difference between the aggravated verbal injury, which is a type of insult that makes use of words or phrases pertaining to race, color, ethnicity, religion, origin or to the condition of the elderly or disabled person, and the crime of prejudice or discrimination, which consists in practicing, inducing or inciting discrimination or prejudice based on race, color, ethnicity, religion or national origin. In this paper I intend to investigate the linguistic criteria used by the judicial system to distinguish the two crimes. Based on a survey of data on legal cases of verbal injury and on interviews with two black Brazilian activists, I also intend to demonstrate the limitation of these criteria.
Free speech, hate speech, and hate beards
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the discourse and verbal strategies of the Dutch ‘Freedom Party’ (PVV), an islamophobic populist party that emerged in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In particular, it focuses on the linguistic ideologies implicit in PVV discourse, arguing that PVV spokespersons systematically construe their own utterances as mere words, and hence as deserving state protection; and the utterances of others as acts, and more specifically as acts of violence, deserving repression or prosecution. This asymmetric linguistic ideology may help us to explore empirical and normative questions concerning violence in language. In particular, the question of violence and responsibility is discussed on the basis of Norwegian Anders Breivik’s 2011 murderous assault on Norwegian social democrats, which explicitly appealed to PVV leader Wilders and his views on Islam.