bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sustainability Comparison of Traditional Supply Chains and Physical Internet Supply Chains Using Simulation
Authors: GÖZAÇAN Nazlıcan , KABADURMUŞ Özgür
Published: December 2019

Sustainability
is one of the most important topics that should be considered by every sector
because it helps to reduce the harmful environmental effects of operations.
Supply chain operations have significant impacts on environmental, social and
economic issues, and therefore, sustainable supply chains have become an
important issue for the companies. Also, Physical Internet (PI) is one of the
recent research topics in supply chain literature and it helps to provide
sustainability. The contribution of this study to the literature is the
comparison of traditional supply chain and Physical Internet supply chain
structures with simulation in terms of sustainability. The simulation models
are tested on realistic but hypothetical case studies. Each simulation model
consists of three echelons (supplier, distribution center and retailer) and is
developed by using ARENA 14.0 software. The physical internet and the
traditional are compared according to carbon emissions, and the results are
discussed in detail.
The Effect of Brassinosteroid on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Three Dianthus Species
Authors: GENC Aslihan
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effect of brassinosteroid on pollen
germination and tube growth of Dianthus calocephalus, Dianthus
carmelitarum, and Dianthus deltoides were
investigated. Brassinosteroid treatment increased the germination rate in all
species (except 0.05 mM in Dianthus carmelitarum and 2.5 mM
in D. deltoides). However, a significant increase was only observed
in D. deltoides. The germination rate was highest after 0.25 mM BR
treatment in D. calocephalus, while the germination rate was
highest after 0.5 mM BR treatment in D. carmelitanum and D.
deltoides. Brassinosteroid treatment increased the tube length in all
species. However, a significant increase was only observed in D.
calocephalus. Also, tube length was maximum after 0.25 mM BR treatment
in D. calocephalus and D. carmelitarum, while tube
length was maximum after 0.5 mM BR treatment in D. deltoides.
Brassinosteroid treatment increased the tube abnormality rate (except 0.25 mM
in D. deltoides), insignificantly.
Synthesis and catalytic activities of bimetallic Ru (II) arene complexes bearing bis-benzimidazoles
Authors: GÜNNAZ Salih
Published: December 2019

In this study, bis-benzimidazole
ligands (1a-d) were synthesized using linker groups and they were
evaluated as catalyst generated in situ
from [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 for transfer hydrogenation (TH) of
acetophenone. The bimetallic Ru (II) arene complex (2b) synthesized from
ligand 1b which showed the best activity among the ligands in the catalytic
TH reaction. The obtained ligands and 2b complex were characterized by 1H-
and 13C-NMR, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The catalytic
activities of complexes having different chain lengths and Y (CH3 or
H) groups were compared. The highest conversion (99%) was obtained with 2b.0000-0002-7422-6593
Fransa’nın Alsace-Moselle Bölgesi Devlet Okullarında Din Eğitimi
Authors: Gündüz Turgay , Kılınç Merve
Published: December 2019

Kendine
özgü laiklik anlayışıyla din ve devletin kesin hatlarla birbirinden ayrıldığı
Fransa’da, eğitim sistemi de bu anlayış doğrultusunda yapılanmış, din ve
inançlara resmi eğitim sistemi içerisinde yer verilmemiştir. Ancak, Fransa’nın
Alsace-Moselle bölgesi bunun istisnası sayılabilir. Günümüzde Fransa’nın
sınırları içerisinde yer almasına rağmen, kendine özel tarihi geçmişi
dolayısıyla bu bölge, din eğitimi yaklaşım ve uygulamaları bakımından
Fransa’nın diğer bölgelerinden ayrılmaktadır. Literatür incelemesi yoluyla
verilerin toplandığı bu çalışmada; Alsace-Moselle bölgesinin, devlet
okullarında din eğitimi lehine sahip olduğu ayrıcalığın hangi nedenlere
dayandığı, bu bölgede din eğitiminin yasal dayanaklarının neler olduğu, hangi
din eğitimi yaklaşım veya modellerinin benimsendiği, din eğitimi bağlamında hak
ve özgürlükler açısından farklı din veya inanç mensuplarının, hususen
Müslümanların, durumlarının ne olduğu sorularına yanıtlar aranmıştır. Bu araştırma
neticesinde, Alsace-Moselle bölgesindeki devlet okullarında din eğitiminin,
muafiyet hakkını da içerecek tarzda, zorunlu ve mezhebe/dine dayalı olduğu,
genel organizasyonu ve finansmanının devlet tarafından yapıldığı, din eğitimi
alanında tanınan ayrıcalıkların devlet tarafından kabul edilen (culte
statutaire) dört kült ile sınırlı olduğu, bölgenin kendine has tarihi geçmişi
ve günümüzde cari olan yasal hak ve sınırlılıklar dolayısıyla İslam ve diğer
din ve inançları kapsamadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Namazdaki Dua Yerleriyle Şekillerinin Hadîslerle Tespiti ve Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Gözün Abdulvehhab
Published: December 2019

İslâm’ın üzerine bina edildiği
temellerden biri olan namaz, insanın fiziksel ve ruhsal anlamda Allah’a (c.c.)
kulluğunu sembolize eden en önemli ibadetlerdendir. Dolayısıyla böyle bir
ibadetin, ubûdiyetin olmazsa olmazlarından acziyet, yalvarış, yakarış, ihtiyaç
ve iltica gibi hususları ifade eden duayı içinde barındırması tabiî olan bir
durumdur. Bununla birlikte ülkemizdeki
Müslümanların çoğu namaz içerisinde, özellikle Hanefî fıkıh ve ilmihal
kitaplarındaki farz namazların kılınış şekliyle ilgili bilgilere paralel bir
biçimde ve zamanla oluşan teamüle uygun olarak, Fâtiha’nın içerdiği dua dışında
selam vermeden önce düzenli olarak okudukları belli başlı dualarla yetinmektedirler.
Yapmak istedikleri farklı duaları ise namaz sonrasına bırakmaktadırlar. Hâlbuki
bu insanlar, başta secde konumu olmak üzere kişinin Allah’a (c.c.) manevî anlamda
en yakın olduğu durumun namaz hali olduğunun farkındadırlar. Hatta ülkemizde
namaz kılmak, mecâzî anlamda “Allah’ın (c.c.) huzuruna çıkmak” ifadesiyle betimlenir.
Sadece bu gerçekten hareket edilse bile
namaz içerisinde duanın ne kadar önemli olduğu ve kabule daha şâyân olacağı
anlaşılmaktadır. Binaenaleyh bu çalışmada namaz esnasında nerelerde ve nasıl
dua edileceği konusu, diğer tüm ibadetler gibi namaz ibadetinin de ancak
kendisinden öğrenilebileceği Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) hadîsleri ışığında ele
alınıp incelenmiştir.

Böylece araştırmada sünnete göre namaz
içerisinde nerelerde ve nasıl dua yapılabileceğinin ortaya çıkarılması
amaçlanmıştır. Neticede yaygın olarak halk tarafından bilinenin ve
uygulanılanın aksine sadece ka’de-i ahîrede değil kıyam, rükû, itidâl ve secde
gibi diğer bazı hallerde de farklı sîgalarla namazda dua yapılabileceği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Vitir namazında rükûya gitmeden önce; sabah namazında da
rükûdan kalkılınca yapılan kunût duası ise, müstakil bir çalışmanın konusu
olduğu düşünüldüğünden araştırmanın kapsamına alınmamıştır.
Tefsirde Erkek Egemen Bir Yorum ve Değerlendirmesi: ez-Zuhruf 43/18 Âyet-i Kerîmesi Bağlamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: Özel Recep Orhan
Published: December 2019

Tefsir
faaliyeti, vahyini insanla buluşturan yüce Allah’ın maksat ve murâdını ortaya
koyma çabasıdır. Şüphesiz Kur’ân’ın ilk müfessiri Hz. Peygamber (a.s.) bu vazifesini
vahyin denetim ve gözetimi altında gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu onun (a.s) tefsirdeki
rol ve konumunu tartışmasız kılmaktadır. Böyle bir ayrıcalığa sahip olmayan
herhangi bir müfessir ise bilgi, beceri, tecrübe ve akıl gibi yeteneklerini
kullanır. Yine bir insan olarak yaşadığı dönemin tarihi ve kültürel
şartlarından da az ya da çok etkilenir. Onların tefsirdeki yer yer ihtiyatlı tutumları,
usûl ve yönteme bağlı olma çabaları bu olguya delâlet eder. Yine de tüm tedbir
ve ilkelere rağmen tefsirde insan unsurundan tamamıyla sıyrılmak mümkün olmaz. Kanaatimize
göre müfessirlerin ez-Zuhruf, 43/18 âyet-i kerimesine getirdikleri yorumlar, bu
durumun en bariz örneklerinden birini temsil etmektedir. İlgili âyet-i kerime öncesi
ve sonrasıyla câhiliye anlayışının kadını küçümseyen tavrını gündeme getirmekte
ve bu tavır üzerinden de melekleri Allah’ın kızları olarak kabul eden
inanışlarını reddetmektedir. Ancak batıl bir itikadı yeren on sekizinci âyet-i
kerîme birçok tefsirde kadınla ilgili erkek egemen kısmen de cinsiyetçi yorumlara
konu olmuştur. İlgili izahlar okunduğunda kadınla ilgili gündeme getirilen olumsuz
hükümler Allah’a aitmiş gibi bir izlenim vermektedir. Bize göre bu yorumlar
müfessirlerin içinde yetiştiği erkek egemen kültürün yansımasıdır. Bu makalede
müfessirlerin ilgili yorumları incelenip değerlendirilmiş ve âyetin daha isabetli
bir zeminde anlaşılması gerektiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude of Health Care Providers towards Aging Phenomenon in Yazd and Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Bahram Amir Hossein , Bidaki Reza , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Health care providers play a central role as the main members of the health care service providers team for the elderly and their knowledge and attitudes towards the aging phenomenon can play an important role in the quality of health care services provision for the elderly. Therefore, the present study aims to comparatively investigate knowledge and attitude of health care providers about the aging phenomenon in comprehensive health centers of Yazd and Hamadan, Iran.
 
Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted on 220 health care providers who were enrolled in the study from comprehensive health centers in Yazd and Hamadan by cluster sampling. The data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, Kogan's attitude towards old people scale, and Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz .Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
 
Results: Mean score of knowledge about aging (range: 0-25) was 12.24 ± 2.43 in Yazd and 12.17 ± 2.51 in Hamadan. Mean score of attitude towards aging (range: 34-204) was 121.49 ± 10.53 in Yazd and 119.40 ± 11.21 in Hamadan. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge (p = 0.828) and its three dimensions (misconceptions about aging, psychosocial status and physical condition), and attitude (p = 0.152) and its three levels (negative, neutral and positive attitude) between health care providers in Yazd and Hamadan. There was a significant, positive correlation between knowledge and attitude in both Yazd (p < 0.01, r = 0.656) and Hamadan (p < 0.01, r = 0.718).
 
Conclusion: The knowledge of health care providers in both cities was moderate and had positive attitude towards aging. Considering the moderate knowledge of health care providers about the aging, effective steps can be taken to promote knowledge and improve the attitudes of health care providers by providing educational curricula on physical, psychological, social and spiritual health of the elderly people and holding in-service training programs.
Effect of a 6-Week Balance Training Program with Shuttle Balance on Balance, Gait Speed, and Fear of Falling in Elderlies
Authors: Mohammadian Zahra , Rajabi Reza , Minoonejad Hooman , Samadzade Aynaz
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Falls are considered as the major health problem in ageing and the damages caused by falls (such as fractures, disability, heavy costs on government and family, and death) are the major concern of the World Health Organization. So, determination of risk factors and specific ways to prevent falls in the elderlies are of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-week shuttle balance exercises on balance, gait speed, and risk of falling in elderlies.
Methods: This ranomised controlled trial study was conducted with the pre-test and post-test design among the elderlies in regions five and six of Tehran, Iran. To conduct the study, 30 healthy men and women older adulth were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 16)  and control (n = 14) groups. Members of the experimental group participated in the six-week exercise program, which was held in three 90-minute sessions per week. The intervention involved five exercises conducted in presence of the researcher. Data were collected using the valid and reliable instruments of Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and the Falls Efficacy Scale Intrnational. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and analysis of covariance at the significance level of 95 percent using SPSS 19.
Results: The study findings showed that balance training with shuttle balance improved the participants' balance, gait speed, and fear of falling significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The six-week balance exercises with shuttle balance improved the participants' walking gait and reduced the risk of falling in elders. These results highlight the beneficial effects of shuttle balance over other devices, such as more security, adjustability of height in chair arms, and possibility to enhance its exercise programs. Therefore, balance shuttle can be applied to improve balance, increase gait speed, and reduce falling risk in elderlies.
Effect of Warm Foot Bath on Fatigue among Diabetic Old Adults
Authors: Farnia Farahnaz , Mokhtari Sedighehalsadat , Rahmanian Masoud
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most common causes of disability in most elderly people affected with diabetes. Considering the growing population of this group, the present study aimed to determine the effect of warm foot bath on the fatigue of the elderly people with diabetes.
Methods: The randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 66 elderly diabetic patients who had referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd. Eligible participants were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Participants of the experimental group performed a warm foot bathing for 20 minutes during two weeks. The Piper Fatigue Scale was completed in three steps (at the beginning of the study, two and four weeks after intervention). Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using ANOVA for repeated measures, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Fisher exact test.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation of fatigue in the three phases of evaluation in the experimental group was 5.91 ± 0.81, 4.80 ± 1.19, 4.55 ± 1.57 and in the control group was 5.95 ± 0.97, 6.06 ± 1.13 and 5.79 ± 1.33, respectively. The difference in the mean of fatigue scores in both groups after the intervention was significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Revealing the positive effects of warm foot bathing, this method, as a non-pharmacological and easy-to-use method, is recommended to improve fatigue condition in the elderly patients with diabetes.
Health Status and Health Patterns in Urban-rural Dwelling Elderly in Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Petchprapai Nutthita
Published: December 2019

Introduction: As rapid urbanizing spreads throughout Thailand, the combination of urban-rural lifestyle has been gradually found. These changes may effect on health pattern of the older adults. This study was aimed to explore the incidence of health problems and life styles of the elderly in urban-rural areas.
Methods: A random interview survey with qualitative approach was used. Data were randomly collected from 14 areas in central sub-districts of Nakhonratchasima province, Thailand. Twenty-five older adults in each area were interviewed. The recording forms consisted of demographic data, perceived health status and health problems, medication use, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, mental health, social and religious activities, and accommodation and environment. Non-invasive physical examinations of the elderly were performed by weighing, measuring height and testing muscle strength with one leg standing.
Results: Most of the elderly reported having at least one chronic disease and/or degenerative problems that had impact on their daily lives. Forty percent rated their health status as moderate to poor, 18% encountered falls while 18% were hospitalized in the past six months. Only one-third underwent an annual health check–up while 30% of the female had cancer cervix screening. Most of the elderly could perform daily tasks on their own with assistive instruments and were healthy in mind. However, many of them drank tap water without boiling or filtering.
Conclusion: The older adults in the urban-rural areas had access to health care services and had a good health status. However, their health promotion and prevention behaviors are questionable
Retracted: Clinicopathologic Pattern and Outcome of Management of Pancreatic Carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: . Admin
Published: December 2019

This article has been retracted owing to a miscommunication between the author and the editor-in-chief which led to the publishing of an article which had already been published in another journal.
The Path of Undergraduate Medical Education in Sudan
Authors: Al Sadig Al Mahdi Tahra
Published: December 2019

Background: Sudan’s experience with undergraduate Medical Education (UME) stated in 1924 with one school, currently there are about 66 medical schools. During this period many local and global socioeconomic events took place and molded UME. This study was set to document the course and influencing factors that shaped Sudanese UME.
Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted, all the relevant articles and websites were accessed, hard copy documents were reviewed and personal communications with eminent Sudanese figures in the field were conducted.
Results: Sudanese UME is meagerly documented and its history can be described in four phases. The establishment phase (1924-1974) one school was founded and it was influenced by the Flexner’s era and Sudanese independence. The Provincial expansion phase (1975-1990) was influenced by Sudan’s commitment to Al-Ma Ata recommendations and current educational innovations. Revolution in Higher Education (1991–2004,) led to mushrooming of public and private UME, was influenced by global trend in privatization and local sociopolitical turbulence. Quality assurance and accreditation phase (2005-2019) was influenced by contradicting local factors and strong international directions.
`Conclusion: Sudan’s history and experience with UME is almost one century old during this time it experienced triumphs and setbacks. Numerous lessons were learned and can contribute to facing the challenges of UME here and beyond. After December Mighty Revolution which changed the old political regime, the country entered a transitional stage devoted to rebuilding and repair in all sectors including education. Studies such as this one will provide the needed data for reforming UME.
Isolation of Jatropha Curcas Seeds Isolectins with Variable Affinity for Human and Animal Blood Types
Authors: Al Gaali Abeer , Modawe GadAllah , Ahmed Reem M. , H. E. Konozy Emadeldin
Published: December 2019

Background: Lectins are carbohydrate-binding protein which agglutinate glycoconjugates in a reversible way, they are with wide applications in biological and medical sciences. Jatropha curcas belongs to the family euphorbiaceae and is distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries. The toxicity of this plant is known for long ago and has been attributed to several components among which is a protein called curcin.
Methods: Jatropha curcas seeds were pulverized and protein was extracted with suitable buffer. Protein extract thus obtained had undergone successive protein precipitations by salting-out using (NH4)2SO4 (AS) at 40, 60, and 80% saturations. Lectin activity was detected by hemagglutination method using human- and animal blood types. AS-precipitated protein fractions that possess lectin activity were tested for their antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus aueras, and Candida albicans.
Results: At least three isolectins (Lec40, Lec60, and Lec80) were detected by hemagglutination (HA) and isolated by AS fractionation from the crude Jatropha curcas seed extract (CExt). The isolectins exhibited different tendency toward human and animal blood types. None of the isolectins could inhibit any of the used bacterial strains and Candida albicans.
Conclusions: In this study, though the detected lectins resemble their counterpart legume lectins, they, however, showed apparently unique and variable behavior toward human and animal blood types. Which might emphasize on the need for further structural analysis on the affinity sites of these proteins.
Keywords: Jatropha curcas; euphorbiaceae; lectin; hemagglutination; antimicrobial activity
Self-care Practices of Type 2 Diabetes Patients by Socio-demographic and Clinical Factors: An Ordered Probit Model
Authors: Hameed Khaliq Imran , Zahid Mahmood Hafiz , Manzoor Nusrat , Hameed Khaliq Farhan , Asim Khadija , Abdullah Yaseen , Aslam Itzaz , Zaman Shakila
Published: December 2019

Background: Diabetes prevalence has risen more rapidly in middle- and low-income countries and has emerged as the seventh highest cause of death in such countries. Socio-demographics, patient knowledge and clinical factors, such as family history of diabetes, have a vital effect on the disease outcomes. This study assessed self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes to determine the probability of self-care by predictor variables, including socio-economic and clinical factors, and quantify the marginal effects of these independent variables on different self-care practices among diabetic patients.
Methods: This exploratory study collected data from 200 type 2 diabetes patients at a branch of private pharmacy in Pakistan using a convenient sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire. An ordered probit regression model was used to analyze the different self-care practices among diabetic patients. With self-practices ordered in four classes from poor to good, the marginal effects of each socio-economic and clinical factors were also calculated on the likelihood of aforesaid self-care practices among diabetic patients.
Results: Results showed that the relationships of household income, patient’s choice of private or public hospital for treatment, and patient’s weight with self-care probability were statistically significant. These socio-demographics and clinical indicators significantly influenced each category of self-care practices.
Conclusion: Socio-demographic and clinical factors played a decisive role in the healthcare practices among type-2 diabetes patients. Monthly household income, patient’s choice of private or public hospital for treatment, and patient’s weight influenced different levels of self-care practices. Income had a negative contribution in poor and fair self-care levels of practices, whereas it had a positive role in average and good self-care levels of practices.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes; self-care practices; socio-economic factors; developing country
Surgical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Compensated Cirrhotic Liver: The Benefits and Selection Criteria
Authors: Mohialddin Ahmed Doush Wael , Ahmed Elzein Juhaina
Published: December 2019

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a fifth of common malignancies, with an annual diagnosis of 750,000 new cases. It is the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The cirrhotic liver is a leading cause of HCC with the annual conversion rate to HCC in the range of 2–6 %. The underlying liver cirrhosis limits certain treatment modalities that potentially further aggravates liver dysfunction. Over the past decade, there were substantial improvements in the HCC resection techniques that has resulted in the reduction of operative mortality. This allowed doing major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients who are suitable for liver transplantation but lacking availability of cadaveric or living donors. Also, patients who have multi-focal HCC underlying cirrhosis which render them unsuitable for liver transplantation due to its extension beyond Milan criteria.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the benefits and selection criteria of HCC surgical resection within child–Turcotte–Pugh score (CTP) A and B liver cirrhosis to achieve the best surgical outcomes.
Methods: We performed a literature search within English written trials using PubMed and MEDLINE reviews databases from 1986 to 2017. One hundred fifty studies are included in this review evaluating various parameters including HCC and compensated cirrhosis prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods. Furthermore, we have compared oncological hepatic resection with other modalities like transarterial chemoembolization, liver transplantation, embolization of the portal vein, laparoscopic hepatic resection, and ALPPS technique. Principles of surgical hepatectomy and postoperative complications are also presented in this review.
Conclusion: This review has demonstrated that hepatic cirrhosis complicated by portal hypertension is not an absolute contraindication for HCC resection. Furthermore, elective surgery must not be directed exclusively to CTP A cirrhosis but it can be applied to highly selected patients who had suffered from advanced hepatic cirrhosis. If multifocal HCC underlying hepatic cirrhosis was unsuitable for liver transplantation, hepatectomy can be carried out to increase the tumor cure chances, prevent it's recurrences, and lead to significant survival rate improvement. The degree of cirrhosis significantly affects the decision of primary hepatic carcinoma treatment and it's prognosis. The interdisciplinary assessment of liver function by surgeons, hepatologists, anesthesiologists, and specialists of critical care are essential for maximum critical stabilization of the patients.  
Keywords: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatectomy; liver cirrhosis; portal hypertension
Ceftriaxone Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) at Prince Abdulaziz Bin Moussae’ed Hospital, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jan Shamsur Rehman Muhammad , Alrowaili Majed , Wajed Abdul Rauf Abdul , Hussein  Eltom Elhassan
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to the most commonly used drug ceftriaxone and its adverse effects have increased due to its injudicial use. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) is an ongoing, systematic process designed to promote the appropriate and effective use of drugs. The purpose was to detect potential problems and search out solution.
Methods: Data were collected in structured preform specific for DUE and were represented as numbers and percentages. For comparing numerical data, Mann–Whitney U-test was used as the data were non-parametric in distribution for ages and BMI, while Fisher exact test was used for categorical data comparison. Multivariate multi-logistic regression models to study the overlapped effect of the variables in development of Ceftriaxone induced liver functions derangement. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS16 for statistical analysis.  Significance was considered as P < 0.05.
Results: Our study showed that ceftriaxone use was more. High dose was used and for more than 10 days were the result of adverse effects and liver insult.
Conclusion There is need for awareness among the general practitioners and clinicians to ensure rational use of antibiotics. This will minimize bacterial resistance to drug, adverse effects and save national economy.
Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Drug utilization evaluation
Sistema de Iluminação Autônomo de Estágio Único Baseado em Transistores GaN
Authors: Duarte Renan R. , Campos Abner , Costa Marco A. Dalla , Bender Vitor C. , Alonso J. Marcos
Published: December 2019

Eficiência é um fator chave para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de iluminação autônomos. Devido à separação temporal entre geração e consumo de energia em sistemas autônomos de iluminação pública, um conversor estático se faz necessário para a gestão energética das diferentes funções do sistema. Este artigo propõe uma solução de estágio único com transistores GaN. Obedecendo certos requisitos com relação aos níveis de tensão, esta topologia permite a conexão paralela entre painel fotovoltaico e carga LED, eliminando a necessidade de relés tipicamente utilizados em outras soluções e reduzindo custos e a complexidade do sistema. Um protótipo de 100 W foi desenvolvido e avaliado. No modo carregador de bateria, o circuito opera em 250 kHz e apresenta eficiências maiores que 92% em toda a faixa de potência com um valor máximo de 97,3%. No modo driver de LED, a frequência de operação escolhida foi de 345 kHz e uma eficiência máxima de 95,8% foi obtida.
TRANSFORMADOR DE ESTADO SÓLIDO CA-CC MONOFÁSICO 5 NÍVEIS BASEADO NO INTERCALAMENTO DE BRAÇOS NPC
Authors: Mazza Luan C. S. , Souza José J. S. , Lima Welton da S. , Jr. Demercil S. Oliveira , Antunes Fernando L. M. , Oliveira Raimundo N. M. de , Santos Cícero A. dos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe uma topologia de Transformador de Estado Sólido (TES) CA-CC monofásico cinco níveis com característica de isolação em alta frequência e controle do fluxo de potência bidirecional. A topologia é composta pelo lado primário, que consiste em dois braços de conversor três níveis com ponto neutro grampeado (NPC-3L) monofásico conectados em paralelo com intercalamento, e pelo lado secundário, no qual é composto por um full bridge (FB) monofásico. O diagrama de estados de chaveamento e a estratégia de modulação e controle são apresentados. A análise teórica do conversor é realizada, visando demonstrar o fluxo de potência através do modelo fundamental, de forma similar ao conversor dual active bridge (DAB) monofásico. Para validação do estudo teórico são apresentados resultados experimentais do conversor proposto, através de um protótipo de 800 W.
OS PATRIMÔNIOS DE DIAMANTINA/MG E SUAS NUANCES NA FORMATAÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE LOCAL
Authors: Alves Rahyan de Carvalho , Deus José Antônio Souza de
Published: December 2019

THE PATRIMONY OF DIAMANTINA/MG AND ITS NUANCES IN FORMATING LOCAL IDENTITYLES PATRIMOINES DE DIAMANTINA/MG ET SES NUANCES POUR FORMER UNE IDENTITÉ LOCALERESUMOO trabalho busca refletir sobre a importância do patrimônio histórico arquitetônico e urbanístico de Diamantina/MG, objetivando perceber sua relevância como elemento para a construção da identidade local, que venha emergir, num contexto de reflexão íntima e memorialística, como um sentimento de pertença do homem ao lugar. Adotamos como procedimentos metodológicos para a operacionalização da investigação: pesquisas bibliográficas, aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados de cunho quanti-qualitativo e entrevistas não diretivas (em reconhecimentos de campo) para os citadinos. Destaca-se, nesse contexto, a execução de ensaios etnogeográficos, com suporte iconográfico, para alguns moradores de dois bairros da cidade de Diamantina.Palavras-chave: Diamantina/MG – Brasil; Patrimônio; Identidade; Geografia; Homem.ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to reflect on the importance of the historical and urban heritage of Diamantina/ MG- southeastern Brazil, aiming to perceive its relevance as an element for the construction of local identity that can emerge in a context of intimate and memorialistic reflection, as a feeling of belonging to the place. In this way we adopted as methodological procedures for the investigation operationalization: bibliographical researches, application of semi-structured questionnaires of quanti-qualitative nature and non-directive interviews (in field surveys) for city dwellers. In this context, we highlight the execution of ethnogeographic tests, with iconographic support, for some residents of two districts of the city of Diamantina.Keywords: Diamantina/MG – Brazil; Patrimony; Identity; Geography; Men.RÉSUMÉL’objectif de ce travail est de réfléchir à l’importance du patrimoine historique et urbain de Diamantina/ MG- Brésil (état situé dans le sud-est du pays), dans le but de percevoir leur pertinence en tant qu’élément de la construction de l’identité locale et en tant qu’élément émergeant dans un contexte de réflexion intime et mémorielle comme un sentiment d'appartenir à la place. Dans cette perspective, nous avons adopté comme procédures méthodologiques pour l'opérationnalisation du travail: recherches bibliographiques, application de questionnaires semi-structurés de nature quanti-qualitative et entretiens non directifs (dans des enquêtes de terrain) pour les citadins. Dans ce contexte, nous soulignons la réalisation de tests ethnogéographiques, avec support iconographique, pour certains habitants de deux quartiers de la ville de Diamantina.Mots-clés: Diamantina/MG – Brésil; Patrimoine; Identité; La Géographie; Les hommes.
ISLAM AND THE HUMANITY OF THE STATE: From Fiqh of Politics to Fiqh of Citizenship
Authors: Prihantoro Hijrian A.
Published: December 2019

The intellectual debate of this age in the field of Islamic studies is the discovery of the relationship of religion and the nation-state. Religion in the old age is understood by fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), then the theory of religion on the concept of politics was called the doctrine of fiqh’s politics. The present age shows that the religious man does not speak only about the position of religion in political discourse, but also about the concept of the humanity of the state. I want to apply my study on Islam and humanity of state in the Indonesian context because there are multitudes of nationalities and cultures. This research uses an integrative approach that combines the phenomenological approach with the sociological approach. This research aims to analyze the relation between the religion of Islam and the activity of human thought on the concept of the human state by transforming the concept of the fiqh of politics to the fiqh of citizenship. This research proves that the conceptual transformation from fiqh of politics towards fiqh of citizenship, with all its consequences, must be seen as a process of political agreement and it can be accepted as long as it always pays attention to social justice and general welfare.
Hierarchical Reciprocities and Tensions between Migrants and Native Moluccas in the Post Reformation
Authors: Kadir Hatib Abdul
Published: December 2019

The research subject of this paper focuses on the Butonese, who are considered “outside” the local culture, despite having lived in the Moluccas islands of Indonesia for more than a hundred years. The Butonese compose the largest group of migrants to the Moluccas. This article research does not put ethnicity into a fixed, classified group of a population; rather, the research explores ethnicity as a living category in which individuals within ethnic groups also have opportunities for social mobility and who struggle for citizenship. The Butonese has a long history of being considered “subaltern citizens” or have frequently been an excluded community in post-colonial societies. They lack rights to land ownership and bureaucratic access. This article argues that Indonesian democracy has bred opposition between indigenous and migrant groups because, after the Reformation Era, migrants, as a minority, began to participate in popular politics to express themselves and make up their rights as “citizens”. Under the condition of democratic political participation, the Butonese found a way to mobilize their collective identity in order to claim the benefits of various governmental programs. Thus, this paper is about the contentiousness of how the rural Butonese migrants gained advantageous social and political status in the aftermath of the sectarian conflict between 1999 to 2003. Migrant’s ability to express their grievance in a constructive way through the politics of their representatives and state government policies have led to the new contentious issues between indigenous and migrant populations.
O RAP SOB A ÓTICA DO INTERACIONISMO SOCIODISCURSIVO
Authors: Striquer Marilúcia dos Santos Domingos , Da Silva Alves Guilherme
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar como se configura o gênero textual letra de música, mais especificamente as letras do rap de dois dos mais expressivos rappers brasileiros, Sabotagem e Mano Brown. Para tanto, pautamo-nos no aporte teórico do Círculo de Bakhtin na definição de gêneros, e de seus estudiosos brasileiros, e nos preceitos metodológicos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo. A intenção é conhecer como esse gênero se configura em âmbito social, discurso e linguisticamente. O corpus é formado por cinco exemplares de letra de música rap de Sabotage e Mano Brown. Os resultados demonstraram algumas das características estáveis das letras dos raps compostos por essas duas personalidades.
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases in an Elderly Population Who Underwent Cardiac Transplantation: Role of Physical Activity Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Sica Antonello , Sagnelli Caterina , Fasano Morena , Spada Alessandro , Munier Giacomo , Famiglietti Vincenzo , Dodaro Concetta Anna , Calogero Armando , Ciccozzi Massimo , Sagnelli Evangelista , Amarelli Cristiano , Maiello Ciro , Casale Beniamino
Published: December 2019

The incidence of post transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) and other neoplasms in organ transplant patients is higher than in the non-transplanted population. This event is more frequent in older subjects, due, at least in part, to the immune dysfunction induced by immunosuppressants administered to prevent rejection. Alterations of the immune system mechanisms of protection against carcinogenesis appear to be the key role in the in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. The data of our study on the incidence of neoplasms occurred during a long-term follow-up in an elderly population after they underwent cardiac transplantation. This study gives, also evidence of the favorable effect of physical activity programs on cardiorespiratory and psychomotor function.
A A transição da fecundidade no Brasil ao longo do século XX – uma perspectiva regional
Authors: Gonçalves Guilherme Quaresma , Carvalho José Alberto Magno de , Rodríguez Wong Laura Lídia , Turra Cássio Maldonado
Published: December 2019

A essência da transição da fecundidade consiste na mudança de um padrão de intensiva reprodução, quando muitas crianças nascem, mas muitas morrem, para uma reversão desse cenário, passando os nascimentos a serem planejados. Grande parte da literatura sobre a transição da fecundidade no Brasil indica que esse processo teria começado na segunda metade da década de 1960, caracterizando a transição brasileira como tardia e rápida. Apesar desse aparente consenso, o objetivo do presente estudo é indicar quando e onde começou a transição da fecundidade no Brasil, reestimando a transição da fecundidade regional do país. Aplica-se a técnica proposta por Frias e Oliveira, nos anos 1990, aos dados dos Censos Demográficos de 1940, 1950 e 1970 a 2010. Os resultados indicam que a transição da fecundidade já vinha em curso, em parte considerável do Brasil, desde o início da década de 1930, mais especificamente no Rio de Janeiro, em São Paulo e no extremo sul do país. Como consequência desse cenário heterogêneo, foram identificadas duas fases da transição da fecundidade. Na primeira, a transição foi lenta, similar ao modelo europeu, sendo precursores as regiões do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e o extremo sul. A segunda fase foi muito rápida, em consonância com a transição da fecundidade dos países retardatários no processo.
MODEL PROBABILITAS PENGGUNA JALAN TERHADAP TARIF TOL SOLO – NGAWI (STUDI KASUS : KARTASURA – SRAGEN)
Authors: Handayani Dewi , V Lubis Jessica Rotua , Nurhidayati Lydia Novitriana
Published: December 2019

Salah satu proyek mega jalan tol yang dicanangkan pemerintah adalah Proyek jalan Tol Trans Jawa yang terdiri dari sembilan ruas dan salah satunya adalah ruas Solo – Ngawi. Sejalan dengan pembangunan Proyek jalan Tol Solo – Ngawi, maka faktor tarif jalan tol dan waktu tempuh sangat diperhitungkan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model probabilitas pengguna jalan dalam memilih jalan tol berdasarkan tarif dan waktu tempuh. Data primer diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner stated preference kepada pengguna kendaraan pribadi beroda empat di ruas jalan arteri Kartasura - Sragen. Formulir survei dikelompokkan menjadi 2 bentuk formulir, yaitu formulir 1 berisi data karakteristik responden dan formulir 2 berisi pilihan responden terhadap 9 skenario yang diperoleh dari 2 faktor: tarif berdasarkan Willingness To Pay (WTP) dan waktu tempuh. Masing-masing atribut merupakan selisih dalam menggunakan jalan tol dan jalan non tol. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh akan dianalisa fungsi utilitas regresi linier nya dengan model logit dan model probit untuk diketahui nilai perbandingan probabiltas pengguna. Sehingga hasil yang diperoleh merupakan nilai probabilitas yang hampir sama antara model logit dan probit. Probabilitas paling besar terjadi pada Skenario 1 dengan selisih tarif tol dan non tol Rp. 21.000 dan selisih waktu tempuh tol dan non tol 75 menit. Probabilitas paling kecil terjadi pada Skenario 9 dengan selilih tarif selisih tarif tol dan non tol Rp. 38.500 dan selisih waktu tempuh tol dan non tol 51 menit.
Kata kunci: willingness to pay, logit binomial, probit binomial, stated preference
ANALISIS FASILITAS PARKIR DAN AKSESIBILITAS OBYEK WISATA GOA GONG, PACITAN
Authors: Sulistiani Sulistiani , Munawar Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Kabupaten Pacitan dikenal dengan “Kota 1001 Goa” dan salah satu ikonnya adalah Goa Gong. Kemudahan mencapai objek wisata serta ketersediaan fasilitas parkir yang memadai merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan tingkat kunjungan wisatawan. Tingginya volume kendaraan pada akses jalan utama menuju Goa Gong terjadi karena akses tersebut juga merupakan akses utama ke obyek wisata lainnya. Penurunan tingkat pelayanan jalan diperparah dengan banyaknya kendaraan yang parkir di badan jalan karena kapasitas ruang parkir yang tersedia tidak mencukupi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi fasilitas parkir di Obyek Wisata Goa Gong, mengevaluasi aksesibilitas di Obyek Wisata Goa Gong dan memberikan alternatif penanganan masalah fasilitas parkir dan aksesibilitas untuk pengembangan Obyek Wisata Goa Gong. Perhitungan parkir dilakukan pada off-street parking maupun on-street parking. Evaluasi aksesibilitas menggunakan analisis tingkat pelayanan jalan mengacu pada formulasi MKJI 1997 Jalan Luar Kota. Tingkat pelayanan jalan didasarkan pada Derajat Kejenuhan dan kecepatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat permasalahan fasilitas parkir dengan masih banyaknya parkir di badan jalan dan nilai indeks parkir yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan penanganan dengan penambahan kapasitas ruang parkir dan manajemen parkir. Aksesibilitas di Obyek Wisata Goa belum mengalami masalah yang berarti dimana tingkat kinerja jalan masih dalam kategori A. Berdasarkan hasil prediksi, maka tingkat pelayanan jalan di akses utama Goa Gong dalam waktu 5 tahun mendatang (Tahun 2022) menjadi kategori B pada hari Sabtu dan kategori C pada hari Minggu. Jika hal ini tidak segera ditangani maka akan menyebabkan permasalahan yang lebih serius. Alternatif pemecahan masalah antara lain dengan pelebaran jalan dan penyediaan angkutan umum wisata
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK BATU BATA MERAH DI YOGYAKARTA (Analysis Physical and mechanical attributes of masonry in Yogyakarta)
Authors: Prayuda Hakas , Setyawan Endra Aji , Saleh Fadillawaty
Published: December 2019

Batu bata merah merupakan bahan bangunan yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan non-struktural dinding pembatas pada gedung. Pemanfaatan batu bata di Yogyakarta sampai saat ini tidak seimbang dengan kontrol kualitas yang ada dilapangan sehingga perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan mekanik batu bata merah di Yogyakarta yang mengacu pada SNI 15-2094-2000. Benda uji diambil dari 10 tempat penjual batu bata di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan mekaniknya. Pemeriksaan awal dilapangan yang dilakukan meliputi survey campuran tanah yang digunakan, lama pengeringan, jenis pembakaran dan metode pembakaran. Pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan meliputi analisa sifat tampak, ukuran bata merah dan kandungan garam. Pemeriksaan sifat mekanik yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kerapatan semu, penyerapan, berat jenis, kadar air, Initial Rate of Suction, kuat tekan dan modulus elastisitas. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh kode sampel I memenuhi kriteria sifat fisik yang ditentukan, sedangkan pemeriksaan sifat mekanik memperoleh hasil yang bervariasi akan tetapi dari segi mutu kuat tekan tidak ada lokasi yang memenuhi mutu yang disyaratkan.
Microbially enhanced heavy oil recovery through biodegradation using fungal extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Gao Hui , Lai Hangxian , Hu Shibin , Xue Quanhong
Published: December 2019

Background: The progressive depletion of light crude oils has led to increased focus on efficient exploitation of heavy oil reserves to meet energy demand. Microbial enhanced oil recovery make a significant contribution to the recovery of heavy oils; however, most use bacteria, with less attention paid to the potential of fungi. Therefore, this study proposes the use of fungi in the form of extracellular enzymes to degrade heavy oil and improve its physicochemical property , thus increasing fluidity of heavy oil.Results: In this study, we investigated the efficiency of fungal extracellular enzymes in biotransformation and biodegradation of heavy oil fractions into light aliphatic and aromatic compounds and the feasibility of the use of such enzyme preparations in enhanced oil recovery. Two strains of Aspergillus spp., isolated from bitumen samples, showed good growth on plates of mineral salts medium with heavy oil as the sole carbon source. The fungal extracellular enzymes, with dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities, exhibited the ability to degrade heavy oil, and coupled with abundant gas production. Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant redistribution of n -alkanes in the heavy oil caused by the action of the fungal enzymes, resulting in an increase in individual n -alkanes. The viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased 66.33% by fungal enzymatic degradation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential of extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp. for applications in enhanced heavy oil recovery, including biotransformation of heavy to lighter crude oil and byproduct biogas formation.
Double Drug-Loaded and pH/Thermal Sensitive Multifunctional Drug Delivery System for Tumor Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Enhanced Chemo/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Na , Liu Kai , Tu Yu , Yang Weitao , Gao Xiaolong , Zeng Weiwei , Zhang Bingbo
Published: December 2019

Background: Owing to the tunability of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), ease of synthesizing small size and excellent stability, AuNRs have been developed as photothermal agents for cancer therapy. However, PTT alone could not kill cancer cells completely due to the local heterogeneous distribution of heat in tumors, penetration depth of light, light scattering and absorption. In addition, the treatment systems based on AuNRs hold disadvantages of loading one antitumor drug or a low therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, the construction of the AuNRs theranostic system to achieve imaging-guided dual drug delivery and enhanced photothermal therapy for tumor still remains a great challenge.Methods: The AuNRs were prepared using a seedless method. A mesoporous silica shell layer was coated on the surface of the AuNRs by sol-gel method. Double anticancer drugs, DOX and Btz, were loaded into the AuNRs@MSN nanoparticles through physical absorption and covalent conjugation, respectively.Results: The release of DOX and Btz is found pH/thermal dual responsive in vitro. Compared with AuNRs@MSN, PDA-AuNRs@MSN exhibits an increased near-infrared (NIR) absorption at 808 nm and an enhanced photothermal effect. In contrast to chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, the integrated D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN nanoparticles show higher cell apoptosis and enhanced tumor treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: In this study, we designed a double-drug loading, enhanced chemo/photothermal therapy and pH/thermal responsive drug delivery system for photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided tumor therapy. We believe that the multifunctional D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN theranostic probe could serve as an effective probe for the treatment of cancers.