bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rádio no Brasil:
Authors: Ferraretto Luiz Artur
Published: December 2020

Este artigo propõe-se a provocar um debate sobre as pesquisas históricas que têm como foco objetos de estudo relacionados ao rádio brasileiro. Procura identificar os primeiros trabalhos realizados com base científica nesse campo, demonstrando que, enquanto o meio chega a seu centenário, o início da sistematização da pesquisa histórica data dos anos 1970. Na diferenciação entre história e memória, embasa-se em Carr (1996), Veyne (1998) e Le Goff (2013). Na categorização dos estudos históricos da comunicação, ampara-se em Schudson (1993). A partir desse quadro teórico-metodológico, busca uma reflexão sobre as diferenças, os méritos e os problemas de relatos biográficos, jornalísticos e históricos, bem como a respeito das lacunas existentes na recuperação dos fatos e dos personagens da trajetória das emissoras em seu contexto de época.
Narradores de futebol do rádio de Porto Alegre, dos desbravadores aos contemporâneos
Authors: Costa Cristiane Finger , Götz Ciro Augusto Francisconi
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um amplo estudo sobre a trajetória da narração de futebol no rádio de Porto Alegre, dividida nas fases desbravadora, entre 1931 e 1958, paradigmática, entre o final dos anos 1950 e 1984, e contemporânea, de meados da década de 1980 à atualidade. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é traçar uma linha histórica que permita refletir sobre o processo de evolução e a relação entre os profissionais e suas atribuições no presente momento. O eixo teórico atua principalmente sob três aspectos: bibliográfico, técnicas de narração (SCHINNER, 2004) e retórica (CASTILLO, 1989). Constatou-se que a locução esportiva radiofônica na capital do Rio Grande do Sul, de uma forma geral, não apresenta diferenciais tão perceptíveis em técnica e estilo, quando na transição entre os dois primeiros períodos.
Assessores de imprensa do campo político:
Authors: Rosso Aline Louize Deliberali
Published: December 2020

A assessoria de imprensa se constituiu como um subcampo do jornalismo compartilhando códigos desse campo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar como os jornalistas assessores de imprensa que trabalham no campo da política caracterizam sua atuação fora dos meios de comunicação. As informações foram coletadas mediante questionários, 36 profissionais que trabalham como assessores de imprensa na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Santa Catarina. O estudo analisou os termos evocados sobre a natureza das atividades e as justificativas apresentadas. A análise de conteúdo foi auxiliada pelos softwares Evoc e Simi. Os resultados mostram três percepções dos profissionais ao descreverem as características do seu trabalho: do jornalismo, da assessoria de imprensa e pessoais. A proximidade entre as categorias mostra uma ambivalência na construção da imagem dos assessores de imprensa. A partir dos dados os profissionais compreendem a atuação nas assessorias de imprensa como um trabalho com atributos próprios e, simultaneamente, por características do campo jornalístico.
Podcast, acessibilidade afetiva e inclusão:
Authors: Pessoa Sônia Caldas , Salvino Matheus Henrique da Silva
Published: December 2020

Refletir sobre a produção de podcast por pessoas em situação de deficiência, em especial do espectro autista, é um dos objetivos deste artigo. Incursionamos no universo do podcast ancorados na Teoria dos Afetos para discutir como os circuitos de afecção dos modos de existência de pessoas com Síndrome de Asperger impulsionam o debate sobre os desafios cotidianos de grupos considerados “diferentes” se tomados a partir de modelos normativos de ser e estar no mundo. Se, nas produções radiofônicas de emissoras comerciais ainda é reduzido o espaço para a representatividade de autistas, o podcast seria um lócus importante para eles, que reivindicam falar por si e sobre si, sem a mediação de outros produtores. Estabelecemos um diálogo com Introvertendo, um podcast de pessoas com Síndrome de Asperger, ou seja, dentro do espectro autista, que debate sobre suas vidas e temas diversos, e estabelece relações com uma acessibilidade afetiva.
Participation-Focused Strategy Use Among Caregivers of Children Receiving Early Intervention
Authors: Kaelin Vera C. , Bosak Dianna L. , Villegas Vivian C. , Imms Christine , Khetani Mary A.
Published: December 2020

Importance: Evidence on common types of participation-focused caregiver strategies can help occupational therapy practitioners to take an evidence-based approach to designing participation-focused practice.

Objective: To identify and explore types of caregiver strategies to support young children’s participation in valued occupations in the home and community.

Design: Qualitative study using a subset of data collected online with the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC–PEM). Narrative responses about strategy use were content coded to the family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC) framework using a deductive analytic approach to identify relevant types of participation-focused strategies used in the home and community. Responses were further analyzed within each relevant fPRC construct using an inductive analytic approach to identify the scope of strategies used for each construct.

Setting: Early intervention.

Participants: Caregivers (N = 106) of young children receiving early intervention.

Outcomes and Measures: Caregivers’ strategies to support their child’s home and community participation, provided by the YC–PEM.

Results: Caregivers most commonly adapted the child’s environment or context to support their child’s home and community participation (45.06%). The least common focus of caregiver strategies was the child’s activity competencies (11.16%). Three or more types of caregiver strategies were identified for each participation-related construct.

Conclusion and Relevance: Results indicated that caregivers used a range of strategies related to each of the participation-related constructs to support their child’s participation in home and community occupations, most commonly targeting the environment. Occupational therapy practitioners can select from this range of strategies when planning participation-focused early intervention with families.

What This Article Adds: This study yields new evidence on the scope of caregiver strategy use to support young children’s participation in home and community occupations. Occupational therapy practitioners can apply this evidence to anticipate common areas of caregiver strategy use in participation-focused practice with families in early intervention.
Barriers to healthy eating among overweight/obese physiotherapy students.
Do urban/rural residence or living with/without family have a link?
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Mahdi , Zahran Magda Ramadan , Ali Heba Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The role of students’ residence and living status in the perceived barriers to healthy eating warrants attention. This study aimed to assess whether these factors influenced the perceived barriers to healthy eating in physiotherapy students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 Egyptian universities during the 2018 2nd semester; 404 physiotherapy students aged 18–22 years were recruited. They were overweight and obese, males and females, from all academic levels. The assessment tool was a validated questionnaire comprising 10 items designed to evaluate personal, social, and environmental barriers to healthy eating. A chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

In overweight students, there was a significant link between their residence and the perception of the barriers of lack of information, lack of enjoyment, lack of skills, high cost of healthy food, lack of friends’ support, lack of faculty staff support (p < 0.05). The living status was significantly related with the perception of the barriers of lack of information, lack of skills, lack of access to healthy foods, and high cost of healthy food in overweight students (p < 0.05). There was no significant association
between the perception of the barrier of lack of time and students’ residence or living status.

Conclusions

Residence and/or living status influence the perception of several barriers to healthy eating in overweight physiotherapy students. These observations may aid efforts to promote healthier eating behaviours among overweight/obese students, particularly from rural communities or living away from the family.
Factors influencing quality of life in patients with asthma or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing physiotherapeutic control
at primary care in Chile
Authors: Sacomori Cinara , Guerrero-González Mitzi , Cabrera-González Cristian , Moreno-Morales Sebastián , Torres-Varela José Miguel , Alegría-Martinez Bryan , Lorca P. Luz Alejandra , Da Roza Thuane
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The study aimed to determine if quality of life was affected by urinary symptoms, respiratory and emotional functions, or socio-demographic variables among people with chronic respiratory diseases who attended a healthcare visit in a primary care program in Santiago de Chile.

Methods

The observational cross-sectional study included 93 patients (62 with asthma and 31 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life, and a self-report questionnaire reported the comorbidities (arterial hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, and lower back pain). The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale served to assess urinary incontinence and respiratory symptoms, respectively. Data were analysed with hierarchical multiple linear regression.

Results

Urinary incontinence occurred in 31.2% of the participants, mainly while coughing or sneezing (n = 24). Around 66.6% of them self-reported their health status as regular/bad/very bad. The presence of urinary incontinence, depression, and higher dyspnoea (R2 = 0.54) was associated with worse quality of life.

Conclusions

Urinary incontinence, depressive symptoms, and higher dyspnoea negatively impact on the quality of life of people with chronic respiratory diseases and require more attention in clinical management and research.
HAEMATOLOGY OF THE FRESHWATER FISH BARILIS BOLA (HAM.) IN RELATION TO ITS HABITAT ECOLOGY IN THE TRIBUTARIES OF RIVER SONG
Authors: Nautiyal Neelam , Rauthan J.V.S. , Chalotra Shepali
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was carried out to analyse the effect of water quality on haematological parameters in the hill trout Barilius bola (Ham.) using the standard methods. The study of fish blood parameters is important for determining factors related to their physiological capacity. Haematological and same biochemical contents of the blood in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the water have been studied in the fresh fish. The results indicated that normal values have been found in comparison to the studies carried out in other fish. Hence the fish Barilius bola in having favorable environmental temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen required for the fish to survive and regulate breeding activities.
DENDROBENTHAMIDIA CAPITATA (WALL.) HUTCH. FRUIT (BHOMORA): AN OPULENT SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLS WITH ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-ELASTASE, ANTI-COLLAGENASE, AND ANTI-TYROSINASE ACTIVITIES FROM INDIAN
HIMALAYAN REGION
Authors: Singh Himani , Kaushish Lily Madhuri , Dangwal Koushalya
Published: December 2020

Dendrobenthamidia capitata (Wall.) Hutch. fruit (Bhamora) is a popular yet underexplored wild edible fruit of Uttarakhand state of Indian Himalayan region. Therefore, the present study was aimed to analyze D. capitata fruit for its phenolic contents, antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities using in- vitro assays. Phenolics and flavonoids were extracted using 80 % aqueous acetone and acid acetone as solvents. Our analysis revealed high values of total phenolic contents of 4.38±0.08 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE). g-1 fruit weight and total flavonoid contents of 7.47±0.66 mg catechin equivalents (CE). g-1 fruit weight in the acid acetone fruit extracts of D. capitata. D. capitata fruit extracts demonstrated remarkable antioxidant activities (ABTS+, 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide anion, linoleate peroxyl radicals scavenging, and ferric reducing activities)
and notable anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. High resolution liquid chromatography– mass spectroscopy analysis revealed presence of six phenolic compounds, namely, dihydrorobinetin, dhydromyricetin, retusin dimethyl ether, rotenone, bergenin (C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid) and peucenin in
fruit extracts. This study recommends utilization of D.capitata fruit as functional food with prospective pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical properties.
Monitoring CO emissions of the metropolis Mexico City using TROPOMI CO observations
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , García Reynoso Agustín , Maldonado Gilberto , Mar-Morales Bertha , Stremme Wolfgang , Grutter Michel , Landgraf Jochen
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5
satellite (S5-P) measures carbon monoxide (CO) total column concentrations as
one of its primary targets. In this study, we analyze TROPOMI observations
over Mexico City in the period 14 November 2017 to 25 August 2019 by means of
collocated CO simulations using the regional Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry
(WRF-Chem) model. We draw conclusions on the emissions from different urban districts
in the region. Our WRF-Chem simulation distinguishes CO emissions from the
districts Tula, Pachuca, Tulancingo, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Tlaxcala,
Puebla, Mexico City, and Mexico City Arena by 10 separate tracers.
For the data interpretation, we apply a source inversion approach determining
per district the mean emissions and the temporal variability, the latter
regularized to reduce the propagation of the instrument noise and forward-model errors in the inversion. In this way, the TROPOMI observations are used
to evaluate the Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de Contaminantes Criterio
(INEM) inventory that was adapted to the period 2017–2019 using in situ
ground-based observations. For the Tula and Pachuca urban areas in the north
of Mexico City, we obtain 0.10±0.004 and 0.09±0.005 Tg yr−1 CO
emissions, which exceeds significantly the INEM emissions of <0.008 Tg yr−1 for
both areas. On the other hand for Mexico City, TROPOMI estimates
emissions of 0.14±0.006 Tg yr−1 CO, which is about half of the INEM
emissions of 0.25 Tg yr−1, and for the adjacent district Mexico City Arena
the emissions are 0.28±0.01 Tg yr−1 according to TROPOMI observations versus
0.14 Tg yr−1 as stated by the INEM inventory. Interestingly, the total emissions
of both districts are similar (0.42±0.016 Tg yr−1 TROPOMI versus 0.39 Tg yr−1
adapted INEM emissions). Moreover, for both areas we found that the TROPOMI
emission estimates follow a clear weekly cycle with a minimum during the
weekend. This agrees well with ground-based in situ measurements from the
Secretaría del Medio Ambiente (SEDEMA) and Fourier transform spectrometer
column measurements in Mexico City that are operated by the Network for the
Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group
(NDACC-IRWG). Overall, our study demonstrates an approach to deploying the large
number of TROPOMI CO data to draw conclusions on urban emissions on sub-city scales
for metropolises like Mexico City. Moreover, for the exploitation of TROPOMI
CO observations our analysis indicates the clear need for further improvements
of regional models like WRF-Chem, in particular with respect to the prediction
of the local wind fields.
Effects of AIR pollution on cardiopuLmonary disEaSe in urban and peri-urban reSidents in Beijing: protocol for the AIRLESS study
Authors: Han Yiqun , Chen Wu , Chatzidiakou Lia , Krause Anika , Yan Li , Zhang Hanbin , Chan Queenie , Barratt Ben , Jones Rod , Liu Jing , Wu Yangfeng , Zhao Meiping , Zhang Junfeng , Kelly Frank J. , Zhu Tong ,   the AIRLESS team
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Beijing, as a representative megacity in China, is
experiencing some of the most severe air pollution episodes in the world,
and its fast urbanization has led to substantial urban and peri-urban
disparities in both health status and air quality. Uncertainties remain
regarding the possible causal links between individual air pollutants and
health outcomes, with spatial comparative investigations of these links
lacking, particularly in developing megacities. In light of this challenge,
Effects of AIR pollution on cardiopuLmonary disEaSe in urban and peri-urban
reSidents in Beijing (AIRLESS) was initiated, with the aim of addressing the
complex issue of relating multi-pollutant exposure to cardiopulmonary outcomes. This
paper presents the novel methodological framework employed in the project,
namely (1) the deployment of two panel studies from established cohorts in
urban and peri-urban Beijing, with different exposure settings regarding
pollution levels and diverse sources; (2) the collection of detailed
measurements and biomarkers of participants from a nested case
(hypertensive) and control (healthy) study setting; (3) the assessment of
indoor and personal exposure to multiple gaseous pollutants and particulate
matter at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution with validated novel
sensor technologies; (4) the assessment of ambient air pollution levels in a
large-scale field campaign, particularly the chemical composition of
particulate matter. Preliminary results showed that there is a large
difference between ambient and personal air pollution levels, and the
differences varied between seasons and locations. These large differences
were reflected on the different health responses between the two panels.
Restoring the top-of-atmosphere reflectance during solar eclipses: a
proof of concept with the UV Absorbing Aerosol Index measured by
TROPOMI
Authors: Trees Victor , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Solar eclipses reduce the measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances as derived by Earth observation satellites, because the solar irradiance that is used to compute these reflectances is commonly measured before the start of the eclipse. Consequently, air quality products that are derived from these spectra, such as the ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI), are distorted or undefined in the shadow of the Moon. The availability of air quality satellite data in the penumbral and antumbral shadow during solar eclipses, however, may be of particular interest to users studying solar eclipses and their effect on the Earth's atmosphere. Given the time and location of a point on the Earth's surface, we explain how to compute the eclipse obscuration fraction taking into account wavelength dependent solar limb darkening. With the calculated obscuration fractions, we restore the TOA reflectances and the AAI in the penumbral shadow during the annular solar eclipses on 26 December 2019 and 21 June 2020 measured by the TROPOMI/S5P instrument. We verify the calculated obscuration with the observed obscuration using an uneclipsed orbit. In the corrected products, the signature of the Moon shadow disappeared. Not taking into account solar limb darkening, however, would result in a maximum underestimation of the obscuration fraction of 0.06 at 380 nm on 26 December 2019, and in a maximum Moon shadow signature in the AAI of 6.7 points increase. We find that the Moon shadow anomaly in the uncorrected AAI is caused by a reduction of the measured reflectance at 380 nm, rather than a color change of the measured light. We restore common AAI features such as the sunglint and desert dust, and we confirm the restored AAI feature on 21 June 2020 at the Taklamakan desert by measurements of the GOME-2C satellite instrument on the same day but outside the Moon shadow. We conclude that the correction method of this paper can be used to detect real AAI rising phenomena and has the potential to restore any other product that is derived from TOA reflectance spectra. This would resolve the solar eclipse anomalies in satellite air quality measurements in the penumbra and antumbra, and would allow for studying the effect of the eclipse obscuration on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere from space.
Atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean
Authors: Tegtmeier Susann , Marandino Christa , Jia Yue , Quack Birgit , Mahajan Anoop S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Indian Ocean is coupled to atmospheric dynamics, transport and chemical composition via several unique mechanisms, such as the seasonally varying monsoon circulation. During the winter monsoon season, high pollution levels are regularly observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean, while during the summer monsoon, clean air dominates the atmospheric composition, leading to distinct chemical regimes. The changing atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean can interact with oceanic biogeochemical cycles and impact marine ecosystems, resulting in potential climate feedbacks. Here, we review current progress in detecting and understanding atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean and its local and global impacts. The review takes into account results from recent Indian Ocean ship campaigns, satellite measurements, station data and information on continental and oceanic trace gas emissions. The distribution of all major pollutants and greenhouse gases shows pronounced differences between the landmass source regions and the Indian Ocean with strong gradients over the coastal areas. Surface pollution and ozone are highest during the winter monsoon over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea coastal waters due to air mass advection from the Indo-Gangetic Plain and continental outflow from Southeast Asia. We observe, however, that unusual types of wind patterns can lead to pronounced deviations of the typical trace gas distributions. For example, the ozone distribution maxima shift to different regions under different wind scenarios. The distribution of greenhouse gases over the Indian Ocean shows many similarities when compared to the pollution fields, but also some differences of the latitudinal and seasonal variations resulting from their long lifetimes and biogenic sources. Mixing ratios of greenhouse gases such as methane show positive trends over the Indian Ocean, but long-term changes of pollution and ozone, and in particular how they are driven by changing emissions and transport patterns, require further investigation in the future. Although we know that changing atmospheric composition and perturbations within the Indian Ocean affect each other, the impacts of atmospheric pollution on oceanic biogeochemistry and trace gas cycling is severely understudied. We highlight potential mechanisms, future research topics and observational requirements that need to be explored in order to fully understand interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere in the Indian Ocean region.
Southern Ocean bottom water cooling and ice sheet expansion
during the middle Miocene climate transition
Authors: Leutert Thomas J. , Modestou Sevasti , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Meckler A. Nele
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The middle Miocene climate transition (MMCT, ~14.5–13.0 Ma) was associated with a significant expansion of Antarctic ice, but the mechanisms triggering the event remain enigmatic. We present a new clumped isotope (∆47) bottom water temperature (BWT) record from 16.0 Ma to 12.2 Ma from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 747 in the Southern Ocean, and compare it to existing BWT records. We show that BWTs in the Southern Ocean were ~8–10 °C during the middle Miocene greenhouse, and thus considerably warmer than today. Nonetheless, bottom water δ18O (calculated from foraminiferal δ18O and ∆47) suggests substantial amounts of land ice throughout the interval of the study. Our dataset demonstrates that BWTs at Site 747 decreased by ~3–5 °C across the MMCT. This cooling preceded the stepped main increase in global ice volume, and appears to have been followed by a transient bottom water warming starting during or slightly after the main ice volume increase. We speculate that a regional freshening of the upper water column at this time may have increased stratification and reduced bottom water heat loss to the atmosphere, counteracting global cooling in the bottom waters of the Southern Ocean and possibly even at larger scales. Additional processes and feedbacks required for substantial ice growth may have contributed to the observed decoupling of Southern Ocean BWT and global ice volume.
Variability and stability of anthropogenic CO2 in Antarctic Bottom Water observed in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, 1978–2018
Authors: Mahieu Léo , Lo Monaco Claire , Metzl Nicolas , Fin Jonathan , Mignon Claude
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is known as a long-term sink for anthropogenic
CO2 (Cant), but the sink is hardly quantified because of the
scarcity of observations, specifically at an interannual scale. We
present in this paper an original dataset combining 40 years of
carbonate system observations in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
(Enderby Basin) to evaluate and interpret the interannual variability of
Cant in the AABW. This investigation is based on regular observations
collected at the same location (63∘ E–56.5∘ S) in the
framework of the French observatory OISO from 1998 to 2018 extended by
GEOSECS and INDIGO observations (1978, 1985 and 1987). At this location the main sources of AABW sampled is the low-salinity Cape
Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW) and the Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). Our
calculations reveal that Cant concentrations increased significantly in
the AABW, from an average concentration of 7 µmol kg−1
calculated for the period 1978–1987 to an average concentration of 13 µmol kg−1 for the period 2010–2018. This is comparable to
previous estimates in other Southern Ocean (SO) basins, with the exception
of bottom water close to formation sites where Cant
concentrations are about twice as large. Our analysis shows that total
carbon (CT) and Cant increasing rates in the AABW are about the
same over the period 1978–2018, and we conclude that the long-term change in
CT is mainly due to the uptake of Cant in the different formation
regions. This is, however, modulated by significant interannual to
multi-annual variability associated with variations in hydrographic
(potential temperature, Θ; salinity, S) and biogeochemical (CT; total
alkalinity, AT; dissolved oxygen, O2) properties. A surprising
result is the apparent stability of Cant concentrations in recent years
despite the increase in CT and the gradual acceleration of atmospheric
CO2. The interannual variability at play in AABW needs to be carefully
considered in the extrapolated estimation of Cant sequestration based
on sparse observations over several years.
Pre-Existing Social Conditions: A Call to Prevent the Perpetuation of Gender Inequalities in Research Production during COVID-19
Authors: MacArthur Kelly Rhea , Cox Madeleine J. , Egan Ciara , Komer Leah
Published: December 2020

The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for systematic studies on our changing society and medical students are responding accordingly. However, emerging evidence indicates that there are changing patterns in research production since the initial COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, with an exponential increase in the number of manuscripts submitted to academic journals for peer review, but with women producing significantly less research compared to men. In an effort to contemplate what academic journals’ responsibilities are to counteract these trends among medical students, we consider three “pre-existing social conditions” that have the potential to negatively affect female medical students’ careers long-term: 1) the unequal division of labor both at home and work; 2) women’s lower well-being compared to men’s; and 3) men’s greater representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. As a society, we need to offset these trends that threaten women’s careers, as we are at risk of reversing the diligent work achieved to improve gender equality in the fields of science and medicine. While “pre-existing conditions”—the social, economic, political, and historical forces discussed here— have led to, and exacerbated, gender disparities in research production during the pandemic, The International Journal of Medical Students (IJMS) is committed to acknowledging these gender inequalities and preventing their perpetuation among the next generation of future doctors and physician-scientists.
El patrimonio industrial en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y la resiliencia territorial: de la teoría a la práctica
Authors: Cañizares Ruiz María Carmen , Benito del Pozo Paz , López Patiño Gracia
Published: December 2020

En el contexto de una gobernanza que busca nuevas formas de orientar las estrategias de revitalización de ciudades y barrios desindustrializados con criterios de sostenibilidad, no se puede soslayar la actuación sobre el patrimonio industrial como recurso y factor potencial de resiliencia. Como objetivo partiremos de su caracterización y reutilización para concretar, en el ámbito empírico, una aproximación al análisis de experiencias a diferentes escalas (Bombas Gens en Valencia y silos rehabilitados e intervenidos en España). La metodología será mixta deductiva-inductiva, en base a la revisión bibliográfica disponible, la documentación urbanística y trabajo de campo. Los resultados esperados permitirán profundizar en el conocimiento de las estrategias territoriales que generan soluciones de resiliencia, así como en la capacidad de las rehabilitaciones e intervenciones sobre el patrimonio industrial en áreas desindustrializadas, demostrando la eficacia de las buenas prácticas como opción de éxito en relación con objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS).
Transfer of Print-Based Academic Reading Strategies to On-Screen Reading
Authors: Khadawardi Hanadi
Published: December 2020

This article contributes to the existing body of research on academic reading practices in the 21st century, by focusing on on-screen reading in the technological age. The study offers an insight into the nature of on-screen reading and reflects the authentic on-screen academic reading experiences of international postgraduate readers in the UK educational context. This was achieved by investigating participants’ reading comprehension strategies while reading on-screen academic research articles, compared with those employed when engaged in print-based reading. This study also scrutinizes L2 readers’ use of digital affordances and their use of e-resources while comprehending on-screen texts. Case study and interpretive qualitative approaches have been adopted in the present research study. Thematic and content analysis and a constant comparative method (CCM) have been applied to analyze the data. Although new on-screen reading strategies emerged from the data, the results reveal a transfer of print-based reading techniques to on-screen reading. This demonstrates a move from a traditional literacy to a digital one in which readers manipulate the strategies that they are already aware of, and are capable of, in order to read a text on-screen. Surprisingly, readers were much more effective: and employed more strategies and interacted more deeply with the printed text than with the on-screen text. The results from this study have led to the proposal of suggested models for interpreting on-screen L2 academic reading interactions. A number of pedagogical practices are suggested and recommended for preparing L2 readers for further academic study which could be equally applicable and useful for L1 academic reading instructions in the 21st century, including the reshaping of reading skills textbooks to accommodate and meet the needs of reading comprehension practices in the technological age and promoting learners’ digital academic literacy. These practices may be useful to teachers when teaching on-screen reading strategies for specific academic purposes in digital universities.
The Bible, Theology, and the Virgin Birth: Continuing a Conversation?
Authors: Lincoln Andrew T.
Published: December 2020

The topic of the virgin birth can provide a test case for the relation between critical biblical scholarship and creedal tradition within theological interpretation of Scripture. Divergent approaches to such interpretation are evident in Andrew Lincoln’s monograph, Born of a Virgin? and Oliver Crisp’s critique of that book in his Analyzing Doctrine. In this article Lincoln continues the discussion in a response to Crisp that explores some of their disagreements. It argues that Crisp misrepresents Lincoln’s type of theological interpretation as dominated by a fear of anachronism, while Crisp himself unwittingly defends a version of the virgin birth that is not the traditional doctrine. Crisp’s attempted theological refutations of Lincoln’s proposals for a fully incarnational Christology without a literal virginal conception and for an interpretation of the later dogma in terms of its force of signaling Christ’s full humanity are shown to be deficient. The exchange serves as a reminder that the result of bringing together biblical scholarship and theological skills will inevitably depend on the types of biblical and theological study involved and suggests that, in relation to the virgin birth, Crisp’s version of analytic theology fails to do justice to the historical and cultural dimensions of biblical texts and creedal affirmations.
As limitações da aplicação da Interdependência Complexa no Regime Internacional de Mudança Climática (RIMC)
Authors: Terena de Aguiar Aimara Cobério
Published: December 2020

No ano de 1720, ocorreu a Revolução Industrial, um evento que gerou a intensificação das ações antrópicas, que degradam o meio ambiente global. O crescimento da exploração do meio ambiente tem gerado consequências negativas sobre o dia a dia de inúmeras sociedades no planeta, como mudança climática, tsunamis, furacões e secas, acarretando, assim, o crescimento da presença da pauta ambiental nos debates do sistema internacional. Isso posto, o presente trabalho discute a aplicabilidade da teoria da Interdependência Complexa (IC), fora do contexto em que ela foi criada, isto é, em um período marcado pelo Regime Internacional de Mudança Climática (RIMC). Para tal fim, o artigo objetiva discorrer acerca da teoria da Interdependência Complexa, visando estabelecer suas características centrais e dissertar sobre a estrutura do RIMC, para, a partir disso, analisar a aplicabilidade da teoria em relação ao regime. A metodologia escolhida foi a análise bibliográfica do Power and Interdependence de Keohane e Nye (2012), uma obra chave quando o foco é a IC. Assim, observa-se que muitos atributos da IC podem ser utilizados para compreender o RIMC, visto que o regime pode ser analisado a partir dos elementos centrais da IC.Palavras-Chave: Conceitos; Aquecimento Global; Interdependência Complexa; RIMC.
Brick and Mortar Education vs. SCORM-based Education in Computer-programming Courses: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abu Shquier Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Online education has positively influences student performance during universities lockdown nowadays due to COVID-19, in fact both educators and students have proven their ability to develop their teaching skills by emerging several technological tools. This article analyses the performance of two cohorts of students, the first cohort was taught traditionally while the other was taught online, the scope of this study is the students enrolled in programming languages at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology at Jerash University, the study was carried out between the years 2017 - 2020. 1210 students have participated in the study. This study investigates a comparative study between different methods of delivering programming-languages courses over the 3-year period, the study also aims to shed light on the impact of traditional methods on delivering computer-programming courses and how it could be improved by emerging a SCORM learning multimedia and other learning modules, activities and resources. Result shows that online delivering of courses with the use of SCORM and other tools improves students’ scores and performance slightly, the article concludes that emerging technology to learning can improve the students' creativity, understanding and performance overall.
Correlation between Uric Acid and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Occurred in Obesity and Non-Obesity
Authors: Rasdiana Rasdiana , HP Faridin , Akil Fardah , Luthfi Parewangi AM , Kasim Hasyim , Sanusi Himawan , Syahriani Femi , Bakri Syakib , Rasyid Haerani , Seweng Arifin
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND/AIM: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes that promote chronic liver disease in developing countries. Uric acid is correlated to metabolic syndrome. Based on this issue, we studied the correlation between uric acid level and the occurrence of NASH in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with or without obesity. 

METHODS: The research subjects were 149 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. The data were collected from the medical record by purposive sampling method. The subjects were taken from inpatient and outpatient data from Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. The medical record included demography, clinical, radiology and laboratory records. Statistical analysis were performed through descriptive statistical calculations, Pearson Correlation and multinomial logistic.

RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between NAFLD and uric acid level (p=.000). Based on gender, the correlation between NAFLD and uricemia was significant in female patients (with p=.000); but insignificant in male patients (p=.137). Based on age, in age of >40 years old, NAFLD was significantly associated with uric acid level (p=.000). There was a significant correlation between hyperuricemia and NASH in obese and non-obese patients (p <0.001) for which the higher the uric acid level the greater the NAFLD degree was.

CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between uric acid level and NASH occurrence in NAFLD with or without obesity.
Underlying the Factors of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Irma Ardiana , Mario Ekoriano
Published: December 2020

Unmet need for family planning remains a challenge in Indonesia. The Government has incorporated into the 2020-2024 National Medium-term Development Plan, an ambitious target to reduce unmet need from 12,4% in 2018 to 7.4% in 2024. This will require significant effort, while systematic and updated studies explaining the underlying causes are scarce, especially those that look at the level within the diverse characteristics of Indonesia. This study therefore aimed to investigate the fundamental factors contributing to unmet need for family planning, categorized into five dimensions (D): D.1). weak or ambivalent fertility preferences; D.2). generic disapproval of pregnancy prevention; D.3). method-specific barriers to use; D.4). perceived low risk of getting pregnant; and D.5). partner-related factors. This study also mapped the pattern at the sub-national level namely Java-Bali (region 1/R1), outside Java–Bali 1 (region 2/R2) and outside Java-Bali 2 (region 3/R3). Findings show that the level of unmet need is highest in R3 which consists of provinces that started implementing their family planning program much later than provinces in the other two regions.  The study also shows that women between 20-29 years old, with educated husband and larger family size, who consider smaller family size as ideal, are more likely to have unmet need compared to their counterparts in all regions. The likelihood of unmet need is most prominent in the region with the most mature program. The study emphasizes the importance of designing appropriate targeted interventions that are tailored to the local context and not apply a ‘one-size-fits-all’ policy.
Mathematical Modeling for Sustainable Production Line
Authors: Ravand Zahra Ghorbani , Xu Qi
Published: December 2020

This paper examines how to design the sustainable production line in the factories with minimum environmental impacts and maximum social benefits. For modeling, the literature review is carried out first and according to researches and papers, environmental and social factors are extracted and then with using Sustainable Supply Chain Management structure, Integer Linear programming with using binary variables and Multi Goal Programming, to design an overall sustainable and environmentally friendly production line model with the most positive social effect.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Outcomes among Nurses in Selected Mission Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Donkor Ghulam Ahmed Bin , Baidoo Mohammed Kweku , Malcalm Ebenezer , Adda Godfrey
Published: December 2020

The study investigated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational outcomes among nurses of selected mission hospitals in Ghana. Compared with Public Sector hospitals, Mission hospitals in

Ghana operate with very limited resources. Thus, they have very little to incentivize their staff. Nonetheless, there is the general assumption that employers who demonstrate generous disposition towards their employees will reap reciprocal benefits. Such employees work beyond the job demands even in periods of serious financial difficulties. Phenomenology research design under the qualitative research method was used to find answers to the research questions. A sample size of 40 was drawn through purposive sampling technique from five selected Mission Hospitals in Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana. Data collection tools used in the study were interview and observation. The data analysis went through compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding, phases. The text was sorted based on predefined themes. Illustrative words from the original field notes were selected and placed in a table. Initial (level 1) codes mimicked the original information in the case of semantic coding process and, in the case of latent coding, meanings imbedded in the text were generated; this was presented in a form of discourse analysis. When the perceptible index of employees is made up of benevolence, care and celebration; when employees perceive employers who are concerned about their goals and values, and are willing to help them when they need special favour, they become a part of the organization and are ready to work beyond the job demands. Hence, organizations are advised to resource their human resource departments adequately to be able to respond to the needs and aspirations of their employees.
The I/T curve coefficient for evaluating changes in neuromuscular excitability after polarized light irradiation - a placebo-controlled randomized trial
Authors: Zwolińska Jolanta
Published: December 2020

Introduction: PILER light affects the sensory and motor excitability of the tissue, and these changes may depend on the color of the filter used in the irradiations.

Objective: To evaluate changes in neuromuscular excitability after PILER irradiation with different filters. To evaluate the usefulness of the I/T curve coefficient in neuromuscular excitability test.

Material and methods: 60 healthy volunteers assigned to four groups: group v - without filter (n=15), group x - red filter (n=15), group y - blue filter (n=15), group z - placebo (n=15) had biceps brachii irradiated with PILER light. Outcome Measures: I/T curve coefficient for rectangular (■I/T coeff) and triangular (▲I/T coeff) pulses for sensory and motor excitability and the pressure pain threshold (PPT).

Results: ■I/T coeff (p=0.0013) and ▲I/T coeff (p=0.0011) for sensory excitability increased significantly in the irradiated group. ■I/T coeff (p=0.0356) and ▲I/T coeff (p=0.0022) increased significantly after blue light irradiation. A significant increase in the▲I/T coeff (p=0.0439) in motor excitability was observed in the irradiated group. ■I/T coeff (p=0.0309) and ▲I/T coeff (p=0.0064) increased significantly after blue light irradiation.

Conclusion: PILER light may reduce muscle excitability. Using a blue filter may increase the sensory threshold, and myorelaxation. Further experiments are necessary to confirm the usefulness of the I/T curve coefficient.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation of acquired, non-progressive cognitive-behavioral disorders in evidence-based clinical recommendations
Authors: Polanowska Katarzyna Ewa
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Neuropsychological rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation. Its techniques are studied in terms of effectiveness and subjected to collective analyses in order to identify the best interventions.

Objective: The purpose of the article is to present current clinical recommendations for neuropsychological rehabilitation among adult patients with acquired, non-progressive brain damage usually caused by a stroke or head injury.

Data sources: The recommendations are based on the latest scientific papers containing systematic reviews and meta-analysis of studies on the rehabilitation of patients with cognitive dysfunctions and/or behavioral abnormalities.

Conclusions: To date, the highest recommendation and the status of practice standards in neuropsychological rehabilitation have been achieved by therapeutic techniques of 5 post-stroke disorders (attention deficits, mild memory deficits, left-sided visual neglect, aphasia, global decline in cognitive-behavioral functioning) and 5 post-traumatic disorders (attention deficits, mild memory deficits, mild and moderate executive dysfunctions, abnormalities in social functioning and interpersonal communication, global decline in cognitive-behavioral functioning). These techniques may be used independently or introduced in combination with interventions of a lower recommendation level, classified as practice guidelines or practice options. The use of lower grade recommendations should also be considered in situations where there are no standard techniques for specific forms of disorders. In the case of deficits for which no recommendations have yet been made, further research is necessary. This applies to agnosia, profound memory disorders and amnesia, as well as profound executive dysfunctions.