bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the drivers of agricultural carbon emissions in Africa: an application of FMOLS and DOLS approaches
Authors: Zwane Talent Thebe , Udimal Thomas Bilaliib , Pakmoni Lariba
Published: March 2023

The major aim of this study was to investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption and agricultural economic growth on agricultural carbon emissions in Africa for the period 1990–2019. This paper employed panel fully modified ordinary least square (PFMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (PDOLS) estimation techniques. The empirical results showed that agriculture growth promote agricultural carbon emissions. More precisely, the results revealed a strong positive and statistical significant impact on agricultural carbon emissions in Africa. On the other hand, the results on quadratic show a negative causal association between agriculture growth and agricultural carbon emissions in Africa. Interestingly, renewable energy consumption was found to have a negative impact on agricultural carbon emissions. On Granger causality, the result shows that there is a unidirectional causality between agriculture growth and agricultural carbon emissions. Based on these findings, we recommend that countries should promote and encourage the use of renewable energy to curb agricultural carbon emissions. There is a need to adopt agricultural practices that have the potential to limit carbon emissions.
Reflecting on Freire: a praxis of radical love and critical hope for science education
Authors: Torres Olave Betzabé , Tolbert Sara , Frausto Aceves Alejandra
Published: March 2023

In this introductory manuscript, we present our vision for this special issue as a space for cultivating collective becomings in/with love, critical hope, and solidarity. We also contemplate our intentions and goals for putting together a special issue such as this one. We then take a position as insider–outsiders of science education, moved by values such as attention, humility, and risk, and vulnerability, and to learn and be taught by others. After developing those ideas, we draw from the critical imaginations of authors in this special issue to reflect on what a praxis of radical love looks like as/for science and education. Finally, we present the four themes that form this special issue: Science curriculum for conscientização: counter-narratives from the field; transgressing and building solidarities across borders in science education; grassroots and collective becomings; dialogues with Freire; and intersections of critical pedagogy with other critical philosophical approaches.
Temperature Changes in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Relation to Injury Pattern, Intracranial Pressure Dynamics, Cerebral Energy Metabolism, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per
Published: March 2023

Background

The aim was to study the course of body temperature in the acute phase of poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in relation to the primary brain injury, cerebral physiology, and clinical outcome.

Methods

In this observational study, 166 patients with aSAH treated at the neurosurgery department at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden between 2008 and2018 with temperature, intracranial pressure (ICP), and microdialysis (MD) monitoring were included. The first 10 days were divided into the early phase (days 1–3) and the vasospasm phase (days 4–10).

Results

Normothermia (temperature = 36–38 °C) was most prevalent in the early phase. A lower mean temperature at this stage was univariately associated with a worse primary brain injury, with higher Fisher grade and higher MD glycerol concentration, as well as a worse neurological recovery at 1 year. There was otherwise no association between temperature and cerebral physiological variables in the early phase. There was a transition toward an increased burden of hyperthermia (temperature > 38 °C) in the vasospasm phase. This was associated with concurrent infections but not with neurological or radiological injury severity at admission. Elevated temperature was associated with higher MD pyruvate concentration, lower rate of an MD pattern indicative of ischemia, and higher rate of poor neurological recovery at 1 year. There was otherwise no association between temperature and cerebral physiological variables in the vasospasm phase. The associations between temperature and clinical outcome did not hold true in multiple logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions

Spontaneously low temperature in the early phase reflected a worse primary brain injury and indicated a worse outcome prognosis. Hyperthermia was common in the vasospasm phase and was more related to infections than primary injury severity but also with a more favorable energy metabolic pattern with better substrate supply, possibly related to hyperemia.
Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA): Development of a Training Tool and Certification Program
Authors: Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Amin Arian Taheri , Faber Jennifer , Völkel Hartmut , Synofzik Matthis , Klockgether Thomas
Published: March 2023

Monitoring of disease severity is of great importance for treatment and management of clinical trials. The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a frequently used, short and easily applicable clinical scale used to assess the severity of ataxia. The objective of our study was to develop a training and certification tool for the SARA. SARA scores were recorded according to a standardized protocol and rated by three clinical experts in consensus. Four hundred thirty-eight videos of 67 patients were included in the SARA training tool. The tutorial section demonstrates a complete SARA examination on a healthy control. In the training section, users can compare their ratings to consensus ratings and access a video library covering the complete SARA range. The tool also includes a section that allows optional certification. The SARA training tool provides comprehensive and standardized training material and certification to reduce variability in applying the SARA. Standardization aims to improve the quality of patient care and research in ataxia.
Soft Electronics for Health Monitoring Assisted by Machine Learning
Authors: Qiao Yancong , Luo Jinan , Cui Tianrui , Liu Haidong , Tang Hao , Zeng Yingfen , Liu Chang , Li Yuanfang , Jian Jinming , Wu Jingzhi , Tian He , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling , Zhou Jianhua
Published: March 2023

Due to the development of the novel materials, the past two decades have witnessed the rapid advances of soft electronics. The soft electronics have huge potential in the physical sign monitoring and health care. One of the important advantages of soft electronics is forming good interface with skin, which can increase the user scale and improve the signal quality. Therefore, it is easy to build the specific dataset, which is important to improve the performance of machine learning algorithm. At the same time, with the assistance of machine learning algorithm, the soft electronics have become more and more intelligent to realize real-time analysis and diagnosis. The soft electronics and machining learning algorithms complement each other very well. It is indubitable that the soft electronics will bring us to a healthier and more intelligent world in the near future. Therefore, in this review, we will give a careful introduction about the new soft material, physiological signal detected by soft devices, and the soft devices assisted by machine learning algorithm. Some soft materials will be discussed such as two-dimensional material, carbon nanotube, nanowire, nanomesh, and hydrogel. Then, soft sensors will be discussed according to the physiological signal types (pulse, respiration, human motion, intraocular pressure, phonation, etc.). After that, the soft electronics assisted by various algorithms will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and powerful neural network algorithms. Especially, the soft device assisted by neural network will be introduced carefully. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of soft system powered by machine learning algorithm will be discussed.
Dual-Functional Lithiophilic/Sulfiphilic Binary-Metal Selenide Quantum Dots Toward High-Performance Li–S Full Batteries
Authors: Huang Youzhang , Lin Liang , Zhang Yinggan , Liu Lie , Sa Baisheng , Lin Jie , Wang Laisen , Peng Dong-Liang , Xie Qingshui
Published: March 2023

The commercial viability of lithium–sulfur batteries is still challenged by the notorious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect on the sulfur cathode and uncontrollable Li dendrites growth on the Li anode. Herein, a bi-service host with Co-Fe binary-metal selenide quantum dots embedded in three-dimensional inverse opal structured nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton (3DIO FCSe-QDs@NC) is elaborately designed for both sulfur cathode and Li metal anode. The highly dispersed FCSe-QDs with superb adsorptive-catalytic properties can effectively immobilize the soluble LiPSs and improve diffusion-conversion kinetics to mitigate the polysulfide-shutting behaviors. Simultaneously, the 3D-ordered porous networks integrated with abundant lithophilic sites can accomplish uniform Li deposition and homogeneous Li-ion flux for suppressing the growth of dendrites. Taking advantage of these merits, the assembled Li–S full batteries with 3DIO FCSe-QDs@NC host exhibit excellent rate performance and stable cycling ability (a low decay rate of 0.014% over 2,000 cycles at 2C). Remarkably, a promising areal capacity of 8.41 mAh cm−2 can be achieved at the sulfur loading up to 8.50 mg cm−2 with an ultra-low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 4.1 μL mg−1. This work paves the bi-serve host design from systematic experimental and theoretical analysis, which provides a viable avenue to solve the challenges of both sulfur and Li electrodes for practical Li–S full batteries.
Bioactivity of Cinnamomum verum powder and extract against Cryptolestes ferrugineus S., Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera)
Authors: Mahmoud Hend A. , Azab Mohamed M. , Sleem Fatma M. A.
Published: March 2023

The world is heading to increase the productivity, quantity and quality, of basic crops, but the stored grain pests destroy all these efforts and reduce its quality. This study aims to assess activity of Cinnamomum verum powder and extract against Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Sitophilus granarius. Residual film of cinnamon was tested with and without grains (as contact toxicity). Repellent activity was estimated by using choice chamber method and waved filter paper for powder and extract, respectively. There were significant differences among all tested insects. S. granarius was more affected with cinnamon extract than C. ferrugineus followed by R. dominica. LC50 values were 1.01, 1.37 and 3.13% at 24 h. While, C. ferrugineus was more affected with powder than S. granarius followed by R. dominica. For repellent activity, C. ferrugineus was the most affected with the powder and extract followed by R. dominica and S. granarius, where, the mean repellent percentages were 100, 98 and 82% for the powder and 86.94, 62.78 and 29.44% for the extract, respectively. The repellent percentage increased with increasing the concentration and the time of exposure. Cinnamon powder and extract can be used as insecticide against stored grain pests by easy way and safety to human and the environment.
Chemical composition, sources, and ecological effect of organic phosphorus in water ecosystems: a review
Authors: Feng Weiying , Wang Tengke , Zhu Yuanrong , Sun Fuhong , Giesy John P. , Wu Fengchang
Published: March 2023

Phosphorus (P) affects the water–air CO2 flux through primary productivity, and affects the changes of carbon cycle and ecological environment in the global world. Organic phosphorus (Po) is an important P component in water environments. Various processes control the formation and transformation of Po and outbreaks of algal blooms. Here, research topics on Po in global water over the past 50 years are systematically reviewed to understand the progress in the (i) Po pretreatment techniques in various media, (ii) technical methods and qualitative and quantitative research on chemical composition of Po and bioavailability, (iii) source analysis of and factors affecting Po in different media of water environments and biogeochemical processes, (iv) interactions among Po, organic matter, and minerals, and their environmental behaviors, and (v) quantification of material exchanges at the sediment–water interface, interfacial processes, and ecological effects. Finally, the future research directives regarding Po in water environments are discussed. The findings provided an important scientific basis to formulate and revise global standards for water nutrients and a better understanding of water eutrophication and its control.

Graphical Abstract
The Novels of Erich Maria Remarque
Authors: Murdoch Brian
Published: March 2023

New view of Remarque's novels as a chronicle of the century yet more than a mere reflection of historical events.
Looking Ahead in the Rearview Mirror: During Action Review and Tabletop (DART) to Strengthen Health Emergency Readiness and Resiliency
Authors: McNeil Carrie , Divi Nomita , Smolinski Mark S.
Published: March 2023

During health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic evaluation of capabilities, and multisector coordination are challenging while operating in triage mode. During Action Review and Tabletop (DART) identifies recommendations for strengthening readiness and resiliency by creating a single methodology integrating retrospective analysis of the response to date with a prospective analysis of future scenarios. DART utilizes a role-based questionnaire and participant-led discussion for retrospective response review and identification of future scenarios of concern. Tabletop exercises exploring those future scenarios are conducted in a multi-role format to assess readiness and resiliency. Participants evaluate findings to determine recommended actions to improve response capabilities. 3 COVID-19 focused DARTs demonstrated the ability of this participant-led approach to systematically assess, not only readiness for today, but also resiliency to future complications. While demonstrating its usefulness during COVID-19, DART’s flexible and modular design promises to be an effective for any ongoing health emergency.
Linear stability analysis of purely elastic travelling-wave solutions in pressure-driven channel flows
Authors: Lellep Martin , Linkmann Moritz , Morozov Alexander
Published: March 2023

Recent studies of pressure-driven flows of dilute polymer solutions in straight channels demonstrated the existence of two-dimensional coherent structures that are disconnected from the laminar state and appear through a subcritical bifurcation from infinity. These travelling-wave solutions were suggested to organise the phase-space dynamics of purely elastic and elasto-inertial chaotic channel flows. Here, we consider a wide range of parameters, covering the purely elastic and elasto-inertial cases, and demonstrate that the two-dimensional travelling-wave solutions are unstable when embedded in sufficiently wide three-dimensional domains. Our work demonstrates that studies of purely elastic and elasto-inertial turbulence in straight channels require three-dimensional simulations, and no reliable conclusions can be drawn from studying strictly two-dimensional channel flows.
The evolution of a viscous gravity current in a confined geometry
Authors: Hutchinson A.J. , Gusinow R.J. , Grae Worster M.
Published: March 2023

We describe a theoretical and experimental study of an axisymmetric viscous gravity current with a constant flux, confined to the space between two horizontal parallel plates. The effect of confinement results in two regions of flow: an inner region where the fluid is in contact with both plates and an outer annular region where the fluid forms a gravity current along the lower plate. We present a simple theoretical model that describes the flow dynamics by a single dimensionless parameter

$J$

, which is the ratio of the characteristic height of an unconfined gravity current to the height of the confined space. Theoretical height profiles display the same characteristics as unconfined gravity currents until

$J \approx 0.48$

, where a rapid change in behaviour occurs as confinement comes into effect. For larger values of

$J$

, the confined viscous gravity current gradually tends to Hele-Shaw flow, with the transition essentially complete by

$J \approx 2$

. We compare the findings from our theoretical model with the results of a series of experiments using golden syrup with various fluxes and gap spacings. Although the data aligns with the major aspects of the model, it is clear that other physics is at play and a single non-dimensional parameter is not sufficient to capture the flow behaviour fully. We speculate on the factors absent in our model that may be responsible for this mismatch.
Radial solvability for Pucci-Lane-Emden systems in annuli
Authors: Maia Liliane , Moreira dos Santos Ederson , Nornberg Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

We establish a priori bounds, existence and qualitative behaviour of positive radial solutions in annuli for a class of nonlinear systems driven by Pucci extremal operators and Lane-Emden coupling in the superlinear regime. Our approach is purely nonvariational. It is based on the shooting method, energy functionals, spectral properties, and on a suitable criteria for locating critical points in annular domains through the moving planes method that we also prove.
Time-lapse recording of yearly activity of the sea star Odontaster validus and the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri in Tethys Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica)
Authors: Peirano Andrea , Bordone Andrea , Corgnati Lorenzo P. , Marini Simone
Published: March 2023

One-year time-lapse images acquired via an autonomous photo imaging device positioned at a depth of 20 m in Tethys Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) on a rocky bottom colonized by the sponge Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata were analysed. Monthly changes in the abundance and activity of the sea star Odontaster validus and sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri on the sponge and nearby rocky bottom were compared with respect to environmental variables such as pack-ice presence/absence, temperature, salinity and photosynthetically active radiation. Sea urchins were more abundant on the rocky bottom and sponge during the summer and winter, respectively. Sea stars showed a decrease in the number of individuals on the sponge from January to December. The grazing activity of both species reached its maximum in January–April, when increased sunlight contributed to the phytoplankton bloom. The winter months were critical both for O. validus and S. neumayeri; although the red sea star maintained its pattern of activity on the rocky bottoms in terms of searching for food, the sea urchin reduced its activity. Time-lapse monitoring systems coupled with physicochemical sensors showed potential for revealing species behaviour in polar environments, contributing to the elucidation of future changes in coastal communities facing climate change.
Reevaluating the Contingent “Yes”: Essays on “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women?”
Authors: Dovi Suzanne , Wolbrecht Christina
Published: March 2023

Underlying almost every conversation about descriptive representation are questions about whether gender does and should always matter in politics. More specifically, those conversations rest on assumptions about whether political scientists should always evaluate the performance of political actors based on their membership in historically disadvantaged groups. How one answers that question can be problematic: A “yes” suggests that democratic citizens should evaluate the performance of members of historically disadvantaged groups using criteria (burdens?) beyond those used to evaluate members of privileged groups. A “ no ” seems to challenge the theoretical arguments for why the presence of historically disadvantaged groups is necessary. Admitting that not every woman in politics is a preferable descriptive representative for women seems to implicitly support having more men in politics and, thereby, the preferences that perpetuate male dominance in politics. Faced with such a quagmire of competing assumptions, those who study descriptive representation must balance concerns about essentializing women on one hand and reinforcing male dominance in politics on the other hand.
Why Theorizing and Measuring Shared Experience in Descriptive Representation Is “A Mess Worth Making”
Authors: Xydias Christina
Published: March 2023

Jane Mansbridge’s (1999) “contingent ‘yes’” amplified a chorus of voices discussing the substantive and symbolic functions of historically marginalized groups’ presence in political office. In her essay, Mansbridge points to contexts of mistrust and uncrystallized interests as domains where presence enhances “adequate communication” and “innovative thinking” for these social groups (628). In this and many other accounts, the linchpin between descriptive and substantive representation for these functions is group members’ shared experiences, alternatively framed as the perspectives informed by those experiences. Shared experiences cannot and do not produce identical effects (they are filtered through many lenses), but they are widely understood to inform and indeed often to authenticate political representation.
Angioödeme ohne Urtikaria: Anamnese und Befunde
Authors: Badini Matteo , Georgitsogiannakos Nikolaos , Angelella Jennifer , Wu Maddalena Alessandra
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen den klinischen Fall einer Frau vor, die an wiederkehrenden Angioödemen ohne Urtikaria litt. Da sie weder auf eine Steroid- noch auf eine Antihistamin-Therapie ansprach, wurde eine Ursache vermutet, die weniger mit der Histamin- als vielmehr mit der Bradykinin-Freisetzung zusammenhängt. Angesichts des späten Auftretens und der unauffälligen Familienanamnese wurde die Hypothese eines Angioödems aufgrund eines erworbenen C1-Inhibitor-Mangels untersucht und durch spezifische Bluttests bestätigt. Daher wurde eine spezifische Therapie sowohl für die akute Phase als auch zur Schubprophylaxe festgelegt.
Atemnot und Rechtsherzversagen
Authors: Lunk Denny , Brüllmann Gregor , Huber Lars C. , Arrigo Mattia
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung. Die akute Rechtsherzinsuffizenz ist ein kritischer Zustand, der anhand der klinischen Präsentation kombiniert mit Echokardiografie diagnostiziert wird. Zusatzdiagnostik inkl. Labor, EKG, Rechtsherzkatheter und weitere bildgebende Verfahren werden zur Ursachenabklärung benötigt. Therapeutisch spielen die Identifikation und Behandlung der zu Grunde liegenden Pathologie, die Reduktion der rechtsventrikulären Nachlast (sofern möglich), eine Optimierung der Vorlast (häufig Diuretika, selten Volumen) und eine Kreislaufunterstützung mittels Vasopressoren und/oder Inodilatatoren eine zentrale Rolle. In schweren Fällen kommen spezielle Therapien und mechanische Kreislaufunterstützungssysteme ins Spiel.
Effects of Openness on Incremental Versus Radical Creativity and the Moderating Role of Leader Behaviors
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , van der Linden Dimitri , Bakker Arnold B.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Although openness to experience has been consistently related to employee creativity, we know less about how this relationship manifests when one makes a distinction between incremental creativity (i.e., minor modifications of existing practices) and radical creativity (i.e., major departures from existing practices). Our present work is driven by two expectations. First, we expect that openness more strongly relates to radical than incremental creativity. Second, we expect that the link between openness and incremental creativity becomes stronger when leaders display closing behaviors (i.e., they control adherence to rules) or they refrain from opening behaviors (i.e., they do not emphasize the importance of free experimentation). To test our propositions, we conducted four studies: one survey study with self-ratings of openness and creativity, one survey study with both self-ratings and other ratings of openness and creativity, one semi-experimental survey study, and one weekly diary survey study. Our studies largely provide support to the idea that openness has stronger links with radical than incremental creativity. Furthermore, our weekly study revealed that the link between openness and incremental creativity is stronger when closing leader behaviors are high and, at the same, opening leader behaviors are low. We discuss our findings and suggest how managerial practice can guide open employees to improve their potential for incremental creativity.
Modeling Global Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity, Transpiration and Hyperspectral Canopy Radiative Transfer Simultaneously Using a Next Generation Land Surface Model—CliMA Land
Authors: Wang Y. , Braghiere R. K. , Longo M. , Norton A. J. , Köhler P. , Doughty R. , Yin Y. , Bloom A. A. , Frankenberg C.
Published: March 2023

Recent progress in satellite observations has provided unprecedented opportunities to monitor vegetation activity at global scale. However, a major challenge in fully utilizing remotely sensed data to constrain land surface models (LSMs) lies in inconsistencies between simulated and observed quantities. For example, gross primary productivity (GPP) and transpiration (T) that traditional LSMs simulate are not directly measurable from space, although they can be inferred from spaceborne observations using assumptions that are inconsistent with those LSMs. In comparison, canopy reflectance and fluorescence spectra that satellites can detect are not modeled by traditional LSMs. To bridge these quantities, we presented an overview of the next generation land model developed within the Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA), and simulated global GPP, T, and hyperspectral canopy radiative transfer (RT; 400–2,500 nm for reflectance, 640–850 nm for fluorescence) at hourly time step and 1° spatial resolution using CliMA Land. CliMA Land predicts vegetation indices and outgoing radiances, including solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and near infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) for any given sun‐sensor geometry. The spatial patterns of modeled GPP, T, SIF, NDVI, EVI, and NIRv correlate significantly with existing data‐driven products (mean R2 = 0.777 for 9 products). CliMA Land would be also useful in high temporal resolution simulations, for example, providing insights into when GPP, SIF, and NIRv diverge.
Chronic Diseases Associated With Mortality in British Columbia, Canada During the 2021 Western North America Extreme Heat Event
Authors: Lee Michael Joseph , McLean Kathleen E. , Kuo Michael , Richardson Gregory R. A. , Henderson Sarah B.
Published: March 2023

Western North America experienced an unprecedented extreme heat event (EHE) in 2021, characterized by high temperatures and reduced air quality. There were approximately 740 excess deaths during the EHE in the province of British Columbia, making it one of the deadliest weather events in Canadian history. It is important to understand who is at risk of death during EHEs so that appropriate public health interventions can be developed. This study compares 1,614 deaths from 25 June to 02 July 2021 with 6,524 deaths on the same dates from 2012 to 2020 to examine differences in the prevalence of 26 chronic diseases between the two groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for each chronic disease, adjusted for age, sex, and all other diseases, and conditioned on geographic area. The OR [95% confidence interval] for schizophrenia among all EHE deaths was 3.07 [2.39, 3.94], and was larger than the ORs for other conditions. Chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease were also significantly increased among all EHE deaths, with ORs of 1.36 [1.18, 1.56] and 1.18 [1.00, 1.38], respectively. Chronic diseases associated with EHE mortality were somewhat different for deaths attributed to extreme heat, deaths with an unknown/pending cause, and non‐heat‐related deaths. Schizophrenia was the only condition associated with significantly increased odds of EHE mortality in all three subgroups. These results confirm the role of mental illness in EHE risk and provide further impetus for interventions that target specific groups of high‐risk individuals based on underlying chronic conditions.
Deriving Debris‐Flow Dynamics From Real‐Time Impact‐Force Measurements
Authors: Yan Yan , Tang Hui , Hu Kaiheng , Turowski Jens M. , Wei Fangqiang
Published: March 2023

Understanding the impact forces exerted by debris flows is limited by a lack of direct field measurements and validated numerical models. In this study, we use real‐time impact‐force measurements and field observations of debris flows recorded by a sensor network in Jiangjia Ravine, China, to quantify the impact‐force distribution of natural debris flows. We observed one debris flow event during and after a storm on 25 August 2004, including 42 short‐duration surges and seven long‐duration surges, and impact‐force signals were successfully recorded for 38 surges. Our observed debris flows comprise high‐viscosity laminar flows with high sediment concentration and frequent solid‐to‐solid interactions. We identified a large magnitude (up to 1 kN), high‐frequency (greater than 1 Hz) fluctuating component of the impact force that we interpret as solid particle impact on the sensors. The variability of particle impact forces increases with the mean impact force. Our results show that a log‐logistic distribution can describe the probability density distribution of impact forces. Solid‐dominated surges and fluid‐dominated intersurge flows have similar impact‐force distributions, but surges usually have heavy tails. We created a dimensionless number to describe the impact force and correlated it against existing dimensionless parameters. Finally, we develop a simple particle impact model to understand the relationship between flow dynamics and the impact force inside debris flows that could be applied to improve debris‐flow flume experiments and design debris‐flow hazard mitigation measures.
A rare human variant that disrupts GPR10 signalling causes weight gain in mice
Authors: Talbot Fleur , Feetham Claire H. , Mokrosiński Jacek , Lawler Katherine , Keogh Julia M. , Henning Elana , Mendes de Oliveira Edson , Ayinampudi Vikram , Saeed Sadia , Bonnefond Amélie , Arslan Mohammed , Yeo Giles S. H. , Froguel Philippe , Bechtold David A. , Adamson Antony , Humphreys Neil , Barroso Inês , Luckman Simon M. , Farooqi I. Sadaf
Published: March 2023

Disruption of brain-expressed G protein-coupled receptor-10 (GPR10) causes obesity in animals. Here, we identify multiple rare variants in GPR10 in people with severe obesity and in normal weight controls. These variants impair ligand binding and G protein-dependent signalling in cells. Transgenic mice harbouring a loss of function GPR10 variant found in an individual with obesity, gain excessive weight due to decreased energy expenditure rather than increased food intake. This evidence supports a role for GPR10 in human energy homeostasis. Therapeutic targeting of GPR10 may represent an effective weight-loss strategy.
Enhanced hybrid photocatalytic dry reforming using a phosphated Ni-CeO2 nanorod heterostructure
Authors: Tavasoli Alexandra , Gouda Abdelaziz , Zähringer Till , Li Young Feng , Quaid Humayra , Viasus Perez Camilo J. , Song Rui , Sain Mohini , Ozin Geoffrey
Published: March 2023

Operating the dry reforming reaction photocatalytically presents an opportunity to produce commodity chemicals from two greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, however, the top-performing photocatalysts presented in the academic literature invariably rely on the use of precious metals. In this work, we demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic dry reforming performance through surface basicity modulation of a Ni-CeO2 photocatalyst by selectively phosphating the surface of the CeO2 nanorod support. An optimum phosphate content is observed, which leads to little photoactivity loss and carbon deposition over a 50-hour reaction period. The enhanced activity is attributed to the Lewis basic properties of the PO43− groups which improve CO2 adsorption and facilitate the formation of small nickel metal clusters on the support surface, as well as the mechanical stability of CePO4. A hybrid photochemical-photothermal reaction mechanism is demonstrated by analyzing the wavelength-dependent photocatalytic activities. The activities, turnover numbers, quantum efficiencies, and energy efficiencies are shown to be on par with other dry-reforming photocatalysts that use noble metals, representing a step forward in understanding how to stabilize ignoble nickel-based dry reforming photocatalysts. The challenges associated with comparing the performance of photocatalysts reported in the academic literature are also commented on.
Complexity of cortical wave patterns of the wake mouse cortex
Authors: Liang Yuqi , Liang Junhao , Song Chenchen , Liu Mianxin , Knöpfel Thomas , Gong Pulin , Zhou Changsong
Published: March 2023

Rich spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity, including complex and diverse wave patterns, have been identified during unconscious and conscious brain states. Yet, how these activity patterns emerge across different levels of wakefulness remain unclear. Here we study the evolution of wave patterns utilizing data from high spatiotemporal resolution optical voltage imaging of mice transitioning from barbiturate-induced anesthesia to wakefulness (N = 5) and awake mice (N = 4). We find that, as the brain transitions into wakefulness, there is a reduction in hemisphere-scale voltage waves, and an increase in local wave events and complexity. A neural mass model recapitulates the essential cellular-level features and shows how the dynamical competition between global and local spatiotemporal patterns and long-range connections can explain the experimental observations. These mechanisms possibly endow the awake cortex with enhanced integrative processing capabilities.
Structural basis of selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Chang Hao , Bouma Jara , de Paus Laura V. , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Paloczi Janos , Mustafa Mohammed , van der Horst Cas , Kumar Sanjay Sunil , Wu Lijie , Yu Yanan , van den Berg Richard J. B. H. N. , Janssen Antonius P. A. , Lichtman Aron , Liu Zhi-Jie , Pacher Pal , van der Stelt Mario , Heitman Laura H. , Hua Tian
Published: March 2023

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) agonists are investigated as therapeutic agents in the clinic. However, their molecular mode-of-action is not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery of LEI-102, a CB2R agonist, used in conjunction with three other CBR ligands (APD371, HU308, and CP55,940) to investigate the selective CB2R activation by binding kinetics, site-directed mutagenesis, and cryo-EM studies. We identify key residues for CB2R activation. Highly lipophilic HU308 and the endocannabinoids, but not the more polar LEI-102, APD371, and CP55,940, reach the binding pocket through a membrane channel in TM1-TM7. Favorable physico-chemical properties of LEI-102 enable oral efficacy in a chemotherapy-induced nephropathy model. This study delineates the molecular mechanism of CB2R activation by selective agonists and highlights the role of lipophilicity in CB2R engagement. This may have implications for GPCR drug design and sheds light on their activation by endogenous ligands.
Revealing evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis by analyzing two genomes in the Solanaceae family
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Qiu Fei , Zeng Junlan , Xu Zhichao , Tang Yueli , Zhao Tengfei , Gou Yuqin , Su Fei , Wang Shiyi , Sun Xiuli , Xue Zheyong , Wang Weixing , Yang Chunxian , Zeng Lingjiang , Lan Xiaozhong , Chen Min , Zhou Junhui , Liao Zhihua
Published: March 2023

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are widely distributed in the Solanaceae, while some important medicinal tropane alkaloids (mTAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine, are restricted to certain species/tribes in this family. Little is known about the genomic basis and evolution of TAs biosynthesis and specialization in the Solanaceae. Here, we present chromosome-level genomes of two representative mTAs-producing species:Atropa belladonnaandDatura stramonium. Our results reveal that the two species employ a conserved biosynthetic pathway to produce mTAs despite being distantly related within the nightshade family. A conserved gene cluster combined with gene duplication underlies the wide distribution of TAs in this family. We also provide evidence that branching genes leading to mTAs likely have evolved in early ancestral Solanaceae species but have been lost in most of the lineages, withA. belladonnaandD. stramoniumbeing exceptions. Furthermore, we identify a cytochrome P450 that modifies hyoscyamine into norhyoscyamine. Our results provide a genomic basis for evolutionary insights into the biosynthesis of TAs in the Solanaceae and will be useful for biotechnological production of mTAs via synthetic biology approaches.
Revealing influencing factors on global waste distribution via deep-learning based dumpsite detection from satellite imagery
Authors: Sun Xian , Yin Dongshuo , Qin Fei , Yu Hongfeng , Lu Wanxuan , Yao Fanglong , He Qibin , Huang Xingliang , Yan Zhiyuan , Wang Peijin , Deng Chubo , Liu Nayu , Yang Yiran , Liang Wei , Wang Ruiping , Wang Cheng , Yokoya Naoto , Hänsch Ronny , Fu Kun
Published: March 2023

With the advancement of global civilisation, monitoring and managing dumpsites have become essential parts of environmental governance in various countries. Dumpsite locations are difficult to obtain in a timely manner by local government agencies and environmental groups. The World Bank shows that governments need to spend massive labour and economic costs to collect illegal dumpsites to implement management. Here we show that applying novel deep convolutional networks to high-resolution satellite images can provide an effective, efficient, and low-cost method to detect dumpsites. In sampled areas of 28 cities around the world, our model detects nearly 1000 dumpsites that appeared around 2021. This approach reduces the investigation time by more than 96.8% compared with the manual method. With this novel and powerful methodology, it is now capable of analysing the relationship between dumpsites and various social attributes on a global scale, temporally and spatially.
UNC-43/CaMKII-triggered anterograde signals recruit GABAARs to mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity at C. elegans NMJs
Authors: Hao Yue , Liu Haowen , Zeng Xian-Ting , Wang Ya , Zeng Wan-Xin , Qian Kang-Ying , Li Lei , Chi Ming-Xuan , Gao Shangbang , Hu Zhitao , Tong Xia-Jing
Published: March 2023

Disturbed inhibitory synaptic transmission has functional impacts on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. An essential mechanism for modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission is alteration of the postsynaptic abundance of GABAARs, which are stabilized by postsynaptic scaffold proteins and recruited by presynaptic signals. However, how GABAergic neurons trigger signals to transsynaptically recruit GABAARs remains elusive. Here, we show that UNC-43/CaMKII functions at GABAergic neurons to recruit GABAARs and modulate inhibitory synaptic transmission at C. elegans neuromuscular junctions. We demonstrate that UNC-43 promotes presynaptic MADD-4B/Punctin secretion and NRX-1α/Neurexin surface delivery. Together, MADD-4B and NRX-1α recruit postsynaptic NLG-1/Neuroligin and stabilize GABAARs. Further, the excitation of GABAergic neurons potentiates the recruitment of NLG-1-stabilized-GABAARs, which depends on UNC-43, MADD-4B, and NRX-1. These data all support that UNC-43 triggers MADD-4B and NRX-1α, which act as anterograde signals to recruit postsynaptic GABAARs. Thus, our findings elucidate a mechanism for pre- and postsynaptic communication and inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Evaluation of diverse soybean genotypes for seed longevity and its association with seed coat colour
Authors: T. V. Naflath , S. Rajendraprasad , R. L. Ravikumar
Published: March 2023

Sixty genotypes with different seed coat colour and seed sizes were evaluated for seed longevity under both natural and accelerated ageing over seasons. The genotypes were grown during rabi, 2018, and summer, 2021, and freshly harvested seeds were used. For natural ageing, seeds were stored in a cloth bag in ambient condition and were removed at bimonthly intervals till 20 months. Accelerated ageing was carried out as per International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) guidelines. The germination percentage after natural and accelerated ageing over two seasons was determined. The correlation between two seasons of accelerated ageing and month-wise natural ageing was highly significant. The principal component analysis (PCA) using seed longevity grouped the majority of black genotypes into a separate cluster. Higher seed longevity was associated with black seed coat colour and small seed size. Microsatellite marker-based clustering also produced a separate cluster for majority of black genotypes and grouped the genotypes into a large number of clusters suggesting high diversity in the plant material. Two black seed coat colour genotypes, ACC No.369 and ACC No.39 consistently showed higher longevity under natural and both the years of accelerated ageing and serve as a source of alleles for higher seed longevity in soybean.
Dissolution behavior of radiocesium-bearing microparticles as a function of solution compositions
Authors: Okumura Taiga , Yamaguchi Noriko , Kogure Toshihiro
Published: March 2023

More than a decade has passed since the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 and contamination around the nuclear power plant is primarily caused by 137Cs. One of the materials retaining radiocesium in the environment is radiocesium-bearing silicate glass microparticles (CsMPs), which have not been reported in previous nuclear accidents. Although the prediction of environmental fates of CsMPs is of interest because of their extremely high specific radioactivity, knowledge about their physicochemical properties is still limited. Here we show that the dissolution behavior of CsMPs is comparable to that of silica-rich glass and significantly depends on the surrounding environment. CsMP dissolution experiments were conducted in solutions with various solute components and pH levels at 60 °C. In neutral and basic solutions, the estimated dissolution rate was accelerated by alkali ions such as Na+, which is known to play a catalytic role for the dissolution of silica. In contrast, the dissolution in acid was slow even in the presence of alkali ions. The dissolution under acid conditions was possibly retarded by a thin amorphous silica layer formed on the CsMP surfaces. Such characteristics of the dissolution are consistent with that of silica-rich glass. To infer the dissolution behavior of CsMPs in the human body, the dissolution rate in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C was estimated as 1.00 ± 0.37 μm/year.
Sulforaphane attenuates glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet mitochondrial dysfunction through up-regulating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Huang Xinhui , Wu Chunting , Ma Yongjie , Li Weiqi , Hu Jinqiu , Li Rong , Ya Fuli
Published: March 2023

Treatment of SFN in human platelets or 12-week supplementation of SFN-enriched BSE in mice attenuates GPVI-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and activation, which depends on decreasing PDE3A activity and up-regulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Associations between dietary patterns and nephrolithiasis risk in a large Chinese cohort: is a balanced or plant-based diet better?
Authors: Bai Song , Zhang Yixiao , Guo Chuanji , Liu Yashu , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Zhang Tingjing , Ding Yang , Zhao Yuhong , Niu Kaijun , Xia Yang
Published: March 2023

Individual food items and nutrients are associated with the development of nephrolithiasis.
Electro-oxidation reconstitution of aluminium copper MOF-derived metal oxyhydroxides for a robust OER process
Authors: Alburaih H. A. , Manzoor Sumaira , Abdullah M. , Ashiq M. N. , Aman Salma , Trukhanov Sergei V. , Zubar Tatiana I. , Sun Zhipeng , Taha T. A. , Trukhanov Alex V.
Published: March 2023

It is common knowledge that the O2 evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial half-reaction in the electrolysis of water.
Selection and evolution of disulfide-rich peptides via cellular protein quality control
Authors: Meng Xiaoting , Xu Chaoying , Fan Shihui , Dong Meng , Zhuang Jie , Duan Zengping , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu
Published: March 2023

A selection system leveraging cellular protein quality control (termed PQC-select) has been designed to select DRPs with robust foldability from random sequences, providing valuable scaffolds for developing peptide-based probes or therapeutics.
Classification of doubly excited molecular electronic states
Authors: do Casal Mariana T. , Toldo Josene M. , Barbatti Mario , Plasser Felix
Published: March 2023

A rigorous classification scheme for doubly excited states is proposed and the different possible types are exemplified in various molecules.
Computational modelling of a competitive immunoassay in lateral flow diagnostic devices
Authors: Nalumachu Rohan , Anandita Anna , Rath Dharitri
Published: March 2023

Competitive immunoassays are important diagnostic assays for the detection of small molecules such as vitamins, minerals, or some hormones.
Continuous flow microfluidics for colloidal particle assembly on porous substrates
Authors: Lochab Varun , Ewim E. Daniel , Prakash Shaurya
Published: March 2023

Self-assembly of colloidal particles for ‘bottom-up’ fabrication of various patterns and structures is critical for a range of applications including, but not limited to, energy generation and storage, nanomaterial structures, biomimetics, and biosensing.
Supramolecular hybrids based on Ru(ii) porphyrin and octahedral Mo(ii) iodide cluster
Authors: Volostnykh Marina V. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Sinelshchikova Anna A. , Loboda Polina A. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Mikhaylov Maxim A. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Gorbunova Yulia G.
Published: March 2023

New supramolecular arrays based on Ru(ii)(CO) porphyrinand pyridine end-decorated hexanuclear molybdenum iodide cluster acting as a giant shape-persistent “superoctahedron” were synthesized and characterized in solution and in the solid state.
Physics-based bias-dependent compact modeling of 1/f noise in single- to few-layer 2D-FETs
Authors: Mavredakis Nikolaos , Pacheco-Sanchez Anibal , Alam Md Hasibul , Guimerà-Brunet Anton , Martinez Javier , Garrido Jose Antonio , Akinwande Deji , Jiménez David
Published: March 2023

A physics-based 1/f noise model, appropriate for circuit simulators, is for the first time proposed and experimentally validated for 2D-FETs. Extracted model parameters can lead to reliable comparisons between different 2D devices and dielectrics.
Recent advances in the synthesis of diazaporphyrins and their chalcogen derivatives
Authors: Matano Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

Peripheral modification of porphyrin rings with nitrogen or chalcogen is an attractive approach for imparting unprecedented functions to porphyrins.
Base-mediated chalcogenoaminative annulation of 2-alkynylanilines for direct access to 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1H-indoles
Authors: Chen Wei-Ching , Bai Rekha , Cheng Wan-Lin , Peng Chun-Yu , Reddy Daggula Mallikarjuna , Badsara Satpal Singh , Lee Chin-Fa
Published: March 2023

An efficient and transition metal-free synthesis of 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1H-indoles via a base-assisted chalcogenoaminative annulation of 2-alkynyl aniline with disulfides/diselenides is described.
Harnessing solar energy with NH4Cl-doped hole transport layers in inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Iqbal Sikandar , Chishti Aadil Nabi , Hussain Muhammad Bilal , Zaman Fakhr uz , Qayum Abdul , Mehmood Rashid , Zaman Shahid
Published: March 2023

NH4Cl doped with PEDOT: PSS is pprepared with facile and efficient approach demonstrates a superior photovoltaic performance in inverted perovskite solar cells due to enhanced conductivity and light-harvesting ability.