bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive and adaptable fluorescence-quenched pair discloses the substrate specificity profiles in diverse protease families
Authors: Poreba Marcin , Szalek Aleksandra , Rut Wioletta , Kasperkiewicz Paulina , Rutkowska-Wlodarczyk Izabela , Snipas Scott J. , Itoh Yoshifumi , Turk Dusan , Turk Boris , Overall Christopher M. , Kaczmarek Leszek , Salvesen Guy S. , Drag Marcin
Published: February 2017

Internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) peptide substrates originating from FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) are powerful tool for examining the activity and specificity of proteases, and a variety of donor/acceptor pairs are extensively used to design individual substrates and combinatorial libraries. We developed a highly sensitive and adaptable donor/acceptor pair that can be used to investigate the substrate specificity of cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteinases. This novel pair comprises 7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin (ACC) as the fluorophore and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine (Lys(DNP)) as the quencher. Using caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, neutrophil elastase, legumain, and two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), we demonstrated that substrates containing ACC/Lys(DNP) exhibit 7 to 10 times higher sensitivity than conventional 7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl acetic acid (MCA)/Lys(DNP) substrates; thus, substantially lower amounts of substrate and enzyme can be used for each assay. We therefore propose that the ACC/Lys(DNP) pair can be considered a novel and sensitive scaffold for designing substrates for any group of endopeptidases. We further demonstrate that IQF substrates containing unnatural amino acids can be used to investigate protease activities/specificities for peptides containing post-translationally modified amino acids. Finally, we used IQF substrates to re-investigate the P1-Asp characteristic of caspases, thus demonstrating that some human caspases can also hydrolyze substrates after glutamic acid.
Lanthanide-Doped KLu2F7 Nanoparticles with High Upconversion Luminescence Performance: A Comparative Study by Judd-Ofelt Analysis and Energy Transfer Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Xu Dekang , Li Anming , Yao Lu , Lin Hao , Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli
Published: February 2017

The development, design and the performance evaluation of rare-earth doped host materials is important for further optical investigation and industrial applications. Herein, we successfully fabricate KLu2F7 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) through hydrothermal synthesis by controlling the fluorine-to-lanthanide-ion molar ratio. The structural and morphological results show that the samples are orthorhombic-phase hexagonal-prisms UCNPs, with average side length of 80 nm and average thickness of 110 nm. The reaction time dependent crystal growth experiment suggests that the phase transformation is a thermo-dynamical process and the increasing F−/Ln3+ ratio favors the formation of the thermo-dynamical stable phase - orthorhombic KLu2F7 structure. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) spectra display that the orthorhombic KLu2F7:Yb/Er UCNPs present stronger UCL as much as 280-fold than their cubic counterparts. The UCNPS also display better UCL performance compared with the popular hexagonal-phase NaREF4 (RE = Y, Gd). Our mechanistic investigation, including Judd-Ofelt analysis and time decay behaviors, suggests that the lanthanide tetrad clusters structure at sublattice level accounts for the saturated luminescence and highly efficient UCL in KLu2F7:Yb/Er UCNPs. Our research demonstrates that the orthorhombic KLu2F7 is a promising host material for UCL and can find potential applications in lasing, photovoltaics and biolabeling techniques.
A novel physiological role for cardiac myoglobin in lipid metabolism
Authors: Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike B. , Esfeld Sonja , Coman Cristina , Ahrends Robert , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Flögel Ulrich , Rassaf Tienush , Totzeck Matthias
Published: February 2017

Continuous contractile activity of the heart is essential and the required energy is mostly provided by fatty acid (FA) oxidation. Myocardial lipid accumulation can lead to pathological responses, however the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The role of myoglobin in dioxygen binding in cardiomyocytes and oxidative skeletal muscle has widely been appreciated. Our recent work established myoglobin as a protector of cardiac function in hypoxia and disease states. We here unravel a novel role of cardiac myoglobin in governing FA metabolism to ensure the physiological energy production through β-oxidation, preventing myocardial lipid accumulation and preserving cardiac functions. In vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy unveils a 3-fold higher deposition of lipids in mouse hearts lacking myoglobin, which was associated with depressed cardiac function compared to wild-type hearts as assessed by echocardiography. Mass spectrometry reveals a marked increase in tissue triglycerides with preferential incorporation of palmitic and oleic acids. Phospholipid levels as well as the metabolome, transcriptome and proteome related to FA metabolism tend to be unaffected by myoglobin ablation. Our results reveal a physiological role of myoglobin in FA metabolism with the lipid accumulation-suppressing effects of myoglobin preventing cardiac lipotoxicity.
Knock-in human FGFR3 achondroplasia mutation as a mouse model for human skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Lee Yi-Ching , Song I-Wen , Pai Ya-Ju , Chen Sheng-De , Chen Yuan-Tsong
Published: February 2017

Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common genetic dwarfism in human, is caused by a gain-of function mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Currently, there is no effective treatment for ACH. The development of an appropriate human-relevant model is important for testing potential therapeutic interventions before human clinical trials. Here, we have generated an ACH mouse model in which the endogenous mouse Fgfr3 gene was replaced with human FGFR3G380R (FGFR3ACH) cDNA, the most common mutation in human ACH. Heterozygous (FGFR3ACH/+) and homozygous (FGFR3ACH/ACH) mice expressing human FGFR3G380R recapitulate the phenotypes observed in ACH patients, including growth retardation, disproportionate shortening of the limbs, round head, mid-face hypoplasia at birth, and kyphosis progression during postnatal development. We also observed premature fusion of the cranial sutures and low bone density in newborn FGFR3G380R mice. The severity of the disease phenotypes corresponds to the copy number of activated FGFR3G380R, and the phenotypes become more pronounced during postnatal skeletal development. This mouse model offers a tool for assessing potential therapeutic approaches for skeletal dysplasias related to over-activation of human FGFR3, and for further studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
TubZ filament assembly dynamics requires the flexible C-terminal tail
Authors: Fuentes-Pérez Maria E. , Núñez-Ramírez Rafael , Martín-González Alejandro , Juan-Rodríguez David , Llorca Oscar , Moreno-Herrero Fernando , Oliva Maria A.
Published: February 2017

Cytomotive filaments are essential for the spatial organization in cells, showing a dynamic behavior based on nucleotide hydrolysis. TubZ is a tubulin-like protein that functions in extrachromosomal DNA movement within bacteria. TubZ filaments grow in a helical fashion following treadmilling or dynamic instability, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. We have unraveled the molecular basis for filament assembly and dynamics combining electron and atomic force microscopy and biochemical analyses. Our findings suggest that GTP caps retain the filament helical structure and hydrolysis triggers filament stiffening upon disassembly. We show that the TubZ C-terminal tail is an unstructured domain that fulfills multiple functions contributing to the filament helical arrangement, the polymer remodeling into tubulin-like rings and the full disassembly process. This C-terminal tail displays the binding site for partner proteins and we report how it modulates the interaction of the regulator protein TubY.
Pentose sugars inhibit metabolism and increase expression of an AgrD-type cyclic pentapeptide in Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Verbeke Tobin J. , Giannone Richard J. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Engle Nancy L. , Rydzak Thomas , Guss Adam M. , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Brown Steven D. , Hettich Robert L. , Elkins James G.
Published: February 2017

Clostridium thermocellum could potentially be used as a microbial biocatalyst to produce renewable fuels directly from lignocellulosic biomass due to its ability to rapidly solubilize plant cell walls. While the organism readily ferments sugars derived from cellulose, pentose sugars from xylan are not metabolized. Here, we show that non-fermentable pentoses inhibit growth and end-product formation during fermentation of cellulose-derived sugars. Metabolomic experiments confirmed that xylose is transported intracellularly and reduced to the dead-end metabolite xylitol. Comparative RNA-seq analysis of xylose-inhibited cultures revealed several up-regulated genes potentially involved in pentose transport and metabolism, which were targeted for disruption. Deletion of the ATP-dependent transporter, CbpD partially alleviated xylose inhibition. A putative xylitol dehydrogenase, encoded by Clo1313_0076, was also deleted resulting in decreased total xylitol production and yield by 41% and 46%, respectively. Finally, xylose-induced inhibition corresponds with the up-regulation and biogenesis of a cyclical AgrD-type, pentapeptide. Medium supplementation with the mature cyclical pentapeptide also inhibits bacterial growth. Together, these findings provide new foundational insights needed for engineering improved pentose utilizing strains of C. thermocellum and reveal the first functional Agr-type cyclic peptide to be produced by a thermophilic member of the Firmicutes.
MiRNA-21 mediates the antiangiogenic activity of metformin through targeting PTEN and SMAD7 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Luo Mao , Tan Xiaoyong , Mu Lin , Luo Yulin , Li Rong , Deng Xin , Chen Ni , Ren Meiping , Li Yongjie , Wang Liqun , Wu Jianbo , Wan Qin
Published: February 2017

Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug commonly used for type 2 diabetes therapy, is associated with anti-angiogenic effects in conditions beyond diabetes. miR-21 has been reported to be involved in the process of angiogenesis. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms by which the metformin-induced endothelial suppression and its effects on miR-21-dependent pathways are still unclear. Bioinformatic analysis and identification of miR-21 and its targets and their effects on metformin-induced antiangiogenic activity were assessed using luciferase assays, quantitative real-time PCR, western blots, scratch assays, CCK-8 assays and tubule formation assays. In this study, miR-21 was strikingly downregulated by metformin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. miR-21 directly targeted the 3′-UTR of PTEN and SMAD7, and negatively regulated their expression. Overexpression of miR-21 abrogated the metformin-mediated inhibition of endothelial cells proliferation, migration, tubule formation and the TGF-β-induced AKT, SMAD- and ERK-dependent phosphorylations, and conversely, down-regulation of miR-21 aggravated metformin’s action and revealed significant promotion effects. Our study broadens our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of miR-21 mediating metformin-induced anti-angiogenic effects, providing important implications regarding the design of novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies against angiogenesis.
Bifunctional colorimetric chemosensing of fluoride and cyanide ions by nickel-POCOP pincer receptors
Authors: Salomón-Flores María K. , Bazany-Rodríguez Iván J. , Martínez-Otero Diego , García-Eleno Marco A. , Guerra-García Jorge J. , Morales-Morales David , Dorazco-González Alejandro
Published: February 2017

Ni(ii)-POCOP pincer complexes [NiCl{C6H2-4-OH-2,6-(OPR2)2}] (R = Ph (1), tBu (2), iPr (3)) were studied as bifunctional molecular sensors for inorganic anions.
One pot synthesis of amine-functionalized and angular-shaped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MR/fluorescence bimodal imaging application
Authors: Yoo Donggeon , Lee Chaedong , Seo Bokyung , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: February 2017

Herein, we report the simple preparation of water dispersible angular-shaped amine-functionalized super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (A-SPIONs).
Tuning the separation and coupling of corannulene trianion-radicals through sizable alkali metal belts
Authors: Spisak Sarah N. , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Zabula Alexander V. , Filatov Alexander S. , Clérac Rodolphe , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: February 2017

Downsizing of alkali metal belts sandwiched between triply-reduced corannulene decks allows for the fine-tune separation and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3−radicals.
Trivalent cerium-preponderant CeO2/graphene sandwich-structured nanocomposite with greatly enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yu Yu , Wang Xiaofang , Gao Wenyu , Li Pei , Yan Wei , Wu Songmei , Cui Qiuhong , Song Weiguo , Ding Kejian
Published: February 2017

A sandwich-structured CeO2/graphene nanocomposite was synthesized with enhanced ORR electrocatalytic activity due to large amounts of Ce(iii) in the thin CeO2crystalline film.
Titanium carbide sheet based high performance wire type solid state supercapacitors
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Sahoo Surjit , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: February 2017

Wire type supercapacitors fabricated using titanium carbide sheets derived from Ti2AlC provide a high energy density of 210 nW h cm−1.
Pursuing the stabilisation of crystalline nanostructured magnetic manganites through a green low temperature hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Minelli A. , Dolcet P. , Diodati S. , Gardonio S. , Innocenti C. , Badocco D. , Gialanella S. , Pastore P. , Pandolfo L. , Caneschi A. , Trapananti A. , Gross S.
Published: February 2017

A quick, easy and green water-based synthesis protocol involving coprecipitation of oxalates combined with hydrothermal treatment resulted in the crystallisation of nanostructured manganites at a relatively low temperature (180 °C).
High performance of nitrogen-modified carbon nanotubes for selective oxidation of allyl alcohol
Authors: Zhong Bingwei , Zhang Bingsen , Liu Hongyang , Su Dang Sheng
Published: February 2017

Nitrogen-modified carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst exhibit excellent performance in selective oxidation of allyl alcohol (C3H6O).
Modulation of redox potentials utilizing the flexible coordination sphere of a penta-coordinate complex in the solid state
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Kitamura Yuu , Hijikata Yuh , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: February 2017

A correlation between bond angles and redox potentials in flexible [MnN(CN)4]2− reflects the differences in the “lipid packaging” of this species.
Emerging investigator series: dual role of organic matter in the anaerobic degradation of triclosan
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Shengnan , Pan Bo , Yang Yu
Published: February 2017

Organic matter affects the degradation of triclosan as both a sequester and an electron shuttle.
Insights into the one-electron reduction behavior of tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone: a DFT and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Guo Chao , Wang Weihua , Feng Wenling , Li Ping
Published: February 2017

One-electron reduction behavior of tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone has been studied theoretically and it is a good electron acceptor in various media.
Correction: Promising advances of thiacalix[4]arene in crystal structures
Authors: Zhao Mei , Lv Jing , Guo Dian-Shun
Published: February 2017

Correction for ‘Promising advances of thiacalix[4]arene in crystal structures’ by Mei Zhao et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 10021–10050.
A dimeric fullerene derivative for efficient inverted planar perovskite solar cells with improved stability
Authors: Tian Chengbo , Kochiss Kevin , Castro Edison , Betancourt-Solis German , Han Hongwei , Echegoyen Luis
Published: February 2017

Efficiency and stability are improved in inverted planar perovskite solar cells by using D-C60 as electron transport material.
Direct synthesis of carbon quantum dots in aqueous polymer solution: one-pot reaction and preparation of transparent UV-blocking films
Authors: Hess Samuel C. , Permatasari Fitri A. , Fukazawa Hiromitsu , Schneider Elia M. , Balgis Ratna , Ogi Takashi , Okuyama Kikuo , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: February 2017

Synthesized transparent CQD–PVA composite films performed stable UV-A blocking, even after exposure to UV light for several days and elevated temperature.
Solar energy conversion, storage, and release using an integrated solar-driven redox flow battery
Authors: McKone James R. , DiSalvo Francis J. , Abruña Héctor D.
Published: February 2017

A solar-driven redox flow battery temporally decouples solar energy capture and electricity output in an integrated assembly.
Effects of line defects on the electronic properties of ZnO nanoribbons and sheets
Authors: Lu Ning , Guo Hongyan , Hu Wei , Wu Xiaojun , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: February 2017

We perform a comprehensive study of the effects of different types of line defects on the electronic and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoribbons and ZnO monolayer sheets by using first-principles computations.
Effect of input noise on phase coherence in a lattice of memristors acting as a voltage divider
Authors: Frasca Marco , Farina Alfonso , Griffiths Hugh
Published: February 2017

It is known that Fibonacci numbers emerge from a network of voltage dividers comprising just resistors. The authors find that the same happens to a lattice of memristors as recently devised. Between the memristor dividers there is a phase coherence with respect to a sinusoidal input signal. Interestingly, they show that the effect of Gaussian distributed random noise, which adds to the voltage signal at the input of the memristor lattice, may affect the coherence. It is shown that when the signal‐to‐noise ratio goes below 3 dB and the number of dividers in the lattice is ten there is an abrupt reduction of phase coherence typical of non‐linear systems. This behaviour does not happen with a lattice of normal resistors. A tolerance analysis of the classical resistor components as well as of the memristor parameters is also presented.
Comprehensive evaluation of an antenna for TV white space devices
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Gao Yue
Published: February 2017

In this study, an ultra‐high frequency antenna for TV white space devices (TVWSDs) is designed, fabricated and systematically tested. In addition to its radiation efficiency validation using a novel measurement approach, system performance of the antenna is comprehensively studied by integrating it onto different platforms, including a wideband spectrum monitor and a wireless communication client, and testing under realistic scenarios. The performance comparison with a commercial antenna is also performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the in house‐developed antenna. Overall practical and real‐time performance evaluations show that the in‐house developed antenna is a strong contender for TVWSDs.
Impact de la diminution du périmètre des arcades dentaires lors d’une prise en charge orthodontique dans le développement des voies aériennes supérieures. Une revue de la littérature
Authors: Haddad Stéphanie , Kerbrat Jean-Baptiste , Schouman Thomas , Goudot Patrick
Published: February 2017

Introduction : L’impact de la modification du périmètre d’arcade dentaire sur les voies aériennes supérieures (VAS) est important à connaître en orthopédie dento-maxillo-faciale car il conditionne la corrélation entre la diminution de dimension des VAS et le développement d’un syndrome d’apnées hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS). Objectifs : L’objectif de cet article est de rapporter les données récentes sur le développement des VAS et des facteurs de diminution du périmètre d’arcade dentaire afin de déterminer l’influence de cette diminution sur le développement des VAS. Matériels et méthodes : Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée afin de déterminer le développement normal des VAS, de définir les arcades dentaires pour spécifier s’il existe une position idéale des arcades dentaires sur leur base osseuse. Toutes les causes de diminution de périmètre d’arcade dentaire lors d’un traitement orthodontique (les extractions dentaires, les agénésies et les malpositions dentaires) ainsi que leur retentissement sur les VAS ont été recherchées dans la littérature. Résultats : Des spéculations ont été émises sur le fait que les extractions orthodontiques, notamment de prémolaires, et la rétraction des incisives seraient à l’origine du développement d’un SAHOS par refoulement de la langue et diminution des VAS. Certains auteurs ont retrouvé une diminution du volume des VAS, après extraction de prémolaires, tandis que d’autres ne retrouvaient pas de diminution des VAS après extraction de prémolaires une fois la rétraction incisive terminée. En ce qui concerne la prise en charge des agénésies dentaires, l’absence de dents permanentes peut conduire à une diminution du diamètre transversal du maxillaire et ainsi des cavités nasales. Conclusion : L’impact de la diminution du périmètre d’arcade dentaire sur le développement des VAS n’a pas été prouvé scientifiquement. La communication orale ne reprendra cette revue de la littérature qu’en introduction. A partir de cas cliniques de différentes consultations pluridisciplinaires nous vous proposerons un arbre décisionnel concernant les extractions dentaires et les troubles de la ventilation qui n’aura comme valeur scientifique que notre propre expérience. Cependant, il convient d’être vigilant et d’adapter sa prise en charge orthodontique au cas par cas, afin d’éviter toute modification des VAS.
L’ancrage squelettique au passé, présent et futur
Authors: Melsen Birte , Dalstra Michel
Published: February 2017

Introduction : Les ancrages squelettiques n’ont pas été développés en tant qu’alternative aux ancrages existants habituellement utilisés. Le premier ancrage squelettique était simplement une ligature passée à travers un trou au niveau de la crête infra-zygomatique. Cette technique a été remplacée par l’utilisation de vis chirurgicales et finalement par celle de mini-vis d’ancrage temporaire (TADs), optimisées au niveau du dessin de la forme et par le choix du matériau utilisé. La tête de ces mini-vis en forme d’attache permet une utilisation comme ancrage indirect, mais ne doit pas être un moyen de contrer une perte de contrôle résultant d’un système de forces mal planifié ou d’une insuffisance de coopération. Les ancrages squelettiques doivent s’intégrer à une biomécanique adéquate, pour réaliser des traitements qui n’auraient pu l’être avant l’avènement de ces ancrages osseux. Matériel et méthode : Le but de cette étude est de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle les ancrages squelettiques permettent de maintenir la densité osseuse, la hauteur et la largeur des procès alvéolaires dans les sites d’extraction, et de prévenir ainsi l’atrophie osseuse habituellement observée. Résultats : Pour des patients adultes avec des dentures dégénérescentes, l’utilisation des ancrages squelettiques va permettre non seulement des déplacements dentaires lorsqu’il n’y a aucune unité d’ancrage, mais aussi le redéveloppement ou la maintenance d’un os alvéolaire atrophique. Les notions élémentaires permettant l’usage optimal des ancrages squelettiques correspondent à l’utilisation d’une ligne de forces bien définie et établie pour un mouvement dentaire désiré ainsi qu’à un système de forces nécessaire et construit avec l’aide d’un ancrage squelettique soit direct ou indirect. Après une période durant laquelle les implants ostéointégrés ont été utilisés comme ancrage pour le déplacement dentaire et la conservation du capital osseux, il est maintenant admis que les mini-vis puissent servir d’ancrage pour des déplacements squelettiques évitant ainsi la mise en charge dentaire.
2,6-Lactones as a New Entry in Stereoselective Glycosylations
Authors: Sasaki Kaname , Hashimoto Yusuke
Published: February 2017

The advantages of glycosyl donors bearing a 2,6-lactone moiety in 1,2-cis-β-glycosylation reactions are discussed in the context of recent comprehension on the SN2–SN1 borderline. The 2,6-lactone structure increases the likelihood of the SN2-like reaction, analogous to 4,6-tethered structures or 2-O-electron-deficient substituents, which are known to mound the energetic barrier to SN1 reactions. Furthermore, the glycosyl cation generated from the 2,6-lactone donor seems to direct β-glycosides similar to the torsional and flipped cations generated from 4,6-tethered donors and mannuronate or 3,6-lactone donors, respectively. Overall, 2,6-lactones are suitable for use in 1,2-cis-β-glycosylations, and this novel class of donors is expected to help deepen our global understanding of glycosylation reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Stereoinversion (SN2-Like) Reactions

3 Conformational Control of Glycosyl Cations

4 Conclusions
The Effect of Birth Order on Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Very Preterm Twins
Authors: Mei-Dan Elad , Shah Jyotsna , Lee Shoo , Shah Prakesh , Murphy Kellie ,   for the Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: February 2017

Objective  This retrospective cohort study examined the effect of birth order on neonatal morbidity and mortality in very preterm twins.

Study Design Using 2005 to 2012 data from the Canadian Neonatal Network, very preterm twins born between 24 0/7 and 32 6/7 weeks of gestation were included. Odds of morbidity and mortality of second-born cotwins compared with first-born cotwins were examined by matched-pair analysis. Outcomes were neonatal death, severe brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4 or persistent periventricular echogenicity), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (> stage 2), necrotizing enterocolitis (≥ stage 2), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Multivariable analysis was performed adjusting for confounders.

Result There were 6,636 twins (3,318 pairs) included with a mean gestational age (GA) of 28.9 weeks. A higher rate of small for GA occurred in second-born twins (10 vs. 6%). Mortality was significantly lower for second-born twins (4.3 vs. 5.3%; adjusted odds ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.95). RDS (66 vs. 60%; adjusted odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.29–1.52) and severe retinopathy (9 vs. 7%; adjusted odds ratio: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.07–2.01) were significantly higher in second-born twins.

Conclusion Thus, while second-born twins had reduced odds of mortality, they also had increased odds of RDS and ROP.
Ultrathin MoO2 nanosheets with good thermal stability and high conductivity
Authors: Pu Enqiang , Liu Debin , Ren Pinyun , Zhou Weichang , Tang Dongsheng , Xiang Bichun , Wang Yonghua , Miao Jinshui
Published: February 2017

Exploration and development of new two-dimensional (2D) materials with good stability and remarkable physical properties have become the research hotspots. We report for the first time the monodispersity of ultrathin MoO2 nanosheets have been synthesized through an improved chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using only molybdenum trioxide as precursor. The grown MoO2 nanosheets have an average thickness of ∼ 5 to 10 nm and exhibit good crystal-quality. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra show that the ultrathin MoO2 nanosheets have high thermal stability up to 503 K. In addition, the first order temperature coefficients of the MoO2 characteristic Raman modes O1–Mo and O2–Mo were firstly found to be -1.91×10-2 and -3.94×10-2 cm−1/K, respectively. Two-probe electrical measurements show that the as-fabricated ultrathin MoO2 nanosheets devices preserve a high electrical conductivity in ambient conditions, reaching up to 200 - 475 S/cm. The exceptionally high conductivity of individual MoO2 nanosheet is ascribed to the unique crystal structure. Our results demonstrate that the ultrathin MoO2 nanosheets show great potential applications in constructing new integrated electronic devices and systems.
Combat leads to intraspecific killing in eastern grey kangaroos
Authors: Toni Pauline
Published: February 2017

Males engaging in same-sex competition can assess the strength of an opponent by means of behavioural display in order to avoid escalated interactions. There is no published record of male–male fighting with lethal consequences in eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus. The combat between two males reported here had a fatal outcome.
Managing rain-filled wetlands for carbon sequestration: a synthesis
Authors: Watkins Susanne C. , Baldwin Darren S. , Waudby Helen P. , Ning Sarah E. M. A.
Published: February 2017

Global acknowledgement of climate change and its predicted environmental consequences has created a need for practical management techniques that increase a landscape’s ability to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C). Globally, wetlands sequester disproportionally more C per unit surface area than many other components of the landscape. However, wetlands vary in their capacity to store C and regulate greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrology, in particular, is a critical driver of wetland C capture and storage. Rain-filled wetlands offer a challenge for the management of C sequestration and storage because the hydrology of these systems is almost entirely driven by rainfall. We present a conceptual model of how management options, including weed and pest control, grazing and crop management and revegetation, will affect C sequestration and storage in rain-filled wetlands. Given the intensive nature of agricultural activities in areas where rain-filled wetlands are common, further work is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of these activities on wetland C capture and storage. Key knowledge gaps relating to the effect of management actions on wetland C sequestration include: (a) the benefits of integrated wetland management; (b) the appropriateness of different grazing regimes and the effect of total grazing pressure; (c) the effects of fire; and (d) the extent to which wetland function (C storage) can be restored following agricultural activities, such as cropping.
An Interventionist Adherence Scale for a Specialized Brief Negotiation Interview Focused on Treatment Engagement for Opioid use Disorders
Authors: Pantalon Michael V. , Dziura James , Li Fang-Yong , Owens Patricia H. , O'Connor Patrick G. , D'Onofrio Gail
Published: February 2017

Background: No psychometrically validated instrument for evaluating the extent to which interventionists correctly implement brief interventions designed to motivate treatment engagement for opioid use disorders has been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI) Adherence Scale for Opioid Use Disorders (BAS-O). Methods: In the context of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of 3 models of emergency department care for opioid use disorders, the authors developed and subsequently examined the psychometric properties of the BAS-O, a 38-item scale that required raters to answer whether or not (“Yes” or “No”) each of the critical actions of the BNI was correctly implemented by the research interventionist. BAS-O items pertained to the BNI's 4 steps: (1) Raise the Subject, (2) Provide Feedback, (3) Enhance Motivation, and (4) Negotiate and Advise. A total of 215 audio-recorded BNI and 88 control encounters were rated by 3 trained raters who were independent of the study team and blind to study hypotheses, treatment, and assignment. Results: The results indicated the BAS-O has fair to excellent psychometric properties, in terms of good internal consistency, excellent interrater reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity, and fair predictive validity. A 13-item, 2-factor solution accounted for nearly 80% of the variance, where factor 1 addressed “Autonomy and Planning” (7 items) and factor 2 addressed “Motivation and Problems” (6 items). However, predictive validity was found for only one of the BAS-O factor items (i.e., Telling patients that treatment will address a range of issues related to their opioid use disorder). Conclusions: This study suggests that the BAS-O is a psychometrically valid measure of adherence to the specialized BNI for motivating treatment engagement in patients with opioid use disorders, thus providing a brief (13-item), objective method of evaluating BNI skill performance.
Epithelial Fli1 deficiency drives systemic autoimmunity and fibrosis: Possible roles in scleroderma
Authors: Takahashi Takehiro , Asano Yoshihide , Sugawara Koji , Yamashita Takashi , Nakamura Kouki , Saigusa Ryosuke , Ichimura Yohei , Toyama Tetsuo , Taniguchi Takashi , Akamata Kaname , Noda Shinji , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Tsuruta Daisuke , Trojanowska Maria , Sato Shinichi
Published: February 2017

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), or scleroderma, is a multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs, most frequently in the esophagus and lungs. Hitherto, studies on SSc pathogenesis centered on immune cells, vascular cells, and fibroblasts. Although dysregulated keratinocytes in SSc have been recently reported, the contribution of epithelial cells to pathogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated the induction of SSc-like molecular phenotype in keratinocytes by gene silencing of transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1), the deficiency of which is implicated in SSc pathogenesis. Keratin 14–expressing epithelial cell–specific Fli1 knockout mice spontaneously developed dermal and esophageal fibrosis with epithelial activation. Furthermore, they developed remarkable autoimmunity with interstitial lung disease derived from thymic defects with down-regulation of autoimmune regulator (Aire). Importantly, Fli1 directly regulated Aire expression in epithelial cells. Collectively, epithelial Fli1 deficiency might be involved in the systemic autoimmunity and selective organ fibrosis in SSc. This study uncovers unidentified roles of dysregulated epithelial cells in SSc pathogenesis.
A myeloid tumor suppressor role for NOL3
Authors: Stanley Robert F. , Piszczatowski Richard T. , Bartholdy Boris , Mitchell Kelly , McKimpson Wendy M. , Narayanagari Swathi , Walter Dagmar , Todorova Tihomira I. , Hirsch Cassandra , Makishima Hideki , Will Britta , McMahon Christine , Gritsman Kira , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Kitsis Richard N. , Steidl Ulrich
Published: February 2017

Despite the identification of several oncogenic driver mutations leading to constitutive JAK–STAT activation, the cellular and molecular biology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) remains incompletely understood. Recent discoveries have identified underlying disease-modifying molecular aberrations contributing to disease initiation and progression. Here, we report that deletion of Nol3 (Nucleolar protein 3) in mice leads to an MPN resembling primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Nol3−/− MPN mice harbor an expanded Thy1+LSK stem cell population exhibiting increased cell cycling and a myelomonocytic differentiation bias. Molecularly, this phenotype is mediated by Nol3−/−-induced JAK–STAT activation and downstream activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) and Myc. Nol3−/− MPN Thy1+LSK cells share significant molecular similarities with primary CD34+ cells from PMF patients. NOL3 levels are decreased in CD34+ cells from PMF patients, and the NOL3 locus is deleted in a subset of patients with myeloid malignancies. Our results reveal a novel genetic PMF-like mouse model and identify a tumor suppressor role for NOL3 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies.
LIMCH1 regulates nonmuscle myosin-II activity and suppresses cell migration
Authors: Lin Yu-Hung , Zhen Yen-Yi , Chien Kun-Yi , Lee I-Ching , Lin Wei-Chi , Chen Mei-Yu , Pai Li-Mei
Published: February 2017

Nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) is an important motor protein involved in cell migration. Incorporation of NM-II into actin stress fiber provides a traction force to promote actin retrograde flow and focal adhesion assembly. However, the components involved in regulation of NM-II activity are not well understood. Here we identified a novel actin stress fiber–associated protein, LIM and calponin-homology domains 1 (LIMCH1), which regulates NM-II activity. The recruitment of LIMCH1 into contractile stress fibers revealed its localization complementary to actinin-1. LIMCH1 interacted with NM-IIA, but not NM-IIB, independent of the inhibition of myosin ATPase activity with blebbistatin. Moreover, the N-terminus of LIMCH1 binds to the head region of NM-IIA. Depletion of LIMCH1 attenuated myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) diphosphorylation in HeLa cells, which was restored by reexpression of small interfering RNA–resistant LIMCH1. In addition, LIMCH1-depleted HeLa cells exhibited a decrease in the number of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, leading to enhanced cell migration. Collectively, our data suggest that LIMCH1 plays a positive role in regulation of NM-II activity through effects on MRLC during cell migration.
The novel mitochondrial matrix protease Ste23 is required for efficient presequence degradation and processing
Authors: Taskin Asli Aras , Kücükköse Cansu , Burger Nils , Mossmann Dirk , Meisinger Chris , Vögtle F.-Nora
Published: February 2017

Approximately 70% of mitochondrial precursor proteins are imported from the cytosol via N-terminal presequences, which are cleaved upon exposure to the mitochondrial processing protease MPP in the matrix. Cleaved presequence peptides then need to be efficiently degraded, and impairment of this clearance step, for example, by amyloid β peptides, causes feedback inhibition of MPP, leading ultimately to accumulation of immature precursor proteins within mitochondria. Degradation of mitochondrial peptides is performed by Cym1 in yeast and its homologue, PreP, in humans. Here we identify the novel mitochondrial matrix protease Ste23 in yeast, a homologue of human insulin-degrading enzyme, which is required for efficient peptide degradation. Ste23 and Cym1 tightly cooperate to ensure the correct functioning of the essential presequence processing machinery.
Animal Behaviour: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wyatt Tristram D.
Published: February 2017

How animals behave is crucial to their survival and reproduction. Animal Behaviour: A Very Short Introduction discusses how animal behaviour has evolved, how behaviours develop in each individual (considering the interplay of genes, epigenetics, and experience), how we can understand animal societies, and how we can explain collective behaviour such as swirling flocks of starlings. The application of new molecular tools, such as DNA fingerprinting and genomics, and developments in computing and image analysis are causing a revolution in the study of animal behaviour. Combining these methods with field studies, it looks at mammals, butterflies, honeybees, fish, and birds, analysing what drives behaviour, and exploring instinct, learning, and culture.
Navigation: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Bennett Jim
Published: February 2017

Navigation: A Very Short Introduction looks at the history of navigation, including the distinctive cultures of early navigation. It shows how the adoption of mathematical methods, use of instruments, writing of textbooks, and publication of charts combined to create a more standardized practice. Methods such as longitude-finding by chronometer and lunar distance were complemented by recording courses and reckoning position ‘by account’. This VSI also introduces the incredible array of instruments relied on by sailors, from astrolabes, sextants, and chronometers, to more modern radio receivers and electronic equipment, highlighting the crucial role played by the endeavour and resourcefulness of mathematicians, scientists, and seamen in finding their way at sea.
Glycation potentiates α-synuclein-associated neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies
Authors: Vicente Miranda Hugo , Szegő Éva M. , Oliveira Luís M. A. , Breda Carlo , Darendelioglu Ekrem , de Oliveira Rita M. , Ferreira Diana G. , Gomes Marcos A. , Rott Ruth , Oliveira Márcia , Munari Francesca , Enguita Francisco J. , Simões Tânia , Rodrigues Eva F. , Heinrich Michael , Martins Ivo C. , Zamolo Irina , Riess Olaf , Cordeiro Carlos , Ponces-Freire Ana , Lashuel Hilal A. , Santos Nuno C. , Lopes Luisa V. , Xiang Wei , Jovin Thomas M. , Penque Deborah , Engelender Simone , Zweckstetter Markus , Klucken Jochen , Giorgini Flaviano , Quintas Alexandre , Outeiro Tiago F.
Published: February 2017

α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark in Parkinson’s disease and in several other neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. The toxic properties of α-synuclein are conserved from yeast to man, but the precise underpinnings of the cellular pathologies associated are still elusive, complicating the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Combining molecular genetics with target-based approaches, we established that glycation, an unavoidable age-associated post-translational modification, enhanced α-synuclein toxicity in vitro and in vivo, in Drosophila and in mice. Glycation affected primarily the N-terminal region of α-synuclein, reducing membrane binding, impaired the clearance of α-synuclein, and promoted the accumulation of toxic oligomers that impaired neuronal synaptic transmission. Strikingly, using glycation inhibitors, we demonstrated that normal clearance of α-synuclein was re-established, aggregation was reduced, and motor phenotypes in Drosophila were alleviated. Altogether, our study demonstrates glycation constitutes a novel drug target that can be explored in synucleinopathies as well as in other neurodegenerative conditions.
Consuming for an Imagined Future: Middle-Class Consumer Lifestyle and Exploratory Experiences in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Weinberger Michelle F , Zavisca Jane R , Silva Jennifer M
Published: February 2017

This study examines middle-class consumption and lifestyle during the transition to adulthood in the United States. Based on analysis of qualitative data from interviews with emerging adults between adolescence and settled adulthood, we argue that middle-class emerging adulthood is marked by a focus on exploratory experience consumption: the consumption of novel experiences with cultural capital potential. This tacit, embodied orientation is rooted in a habitus developed during entitled childhoods but is also shaped by an anticipated shortage of opportunities for exploration after they marry and have children. Accordingly, middle-class emerging adults voraciously consume exploratory experiences in the present with their imagined future selves in mind. The class basis for this orientation is examined through our analysis of interviews with working-class emerging adults whose lifestyles are characterized not by exploratory experience consumption but by a desire for the familiar, a fear of the unknown, and a longing for stability. The discussion focuses on how the middle-class consumer orientation toward exploratory experiences reinforces class (dis)advantage, life trajectories, and inequality.
Accelerated senescence in skin in a murine model of radiation-induced multi-organ injury
Authors: McCart Elizabeth A , Thangapazham Rajesh L , Lombardini Eric D , Mog Steven R , Panganiban Ronald Allan M , Dickson Kelley M , Mansur Rihab A , Nagy Vitaly , Kim Sung-Yop , Selwyn Reed , Landauer Michael R , Darling Thomas N , Day Regina M
Published: February 2017

Accidental high-dose radiation exposures can lead to multi-organ injuries, including radiation dermatitis. The types of cellular damage leading to radiation dermatitis are not completely understood. To identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie radiation-induced skin injury in vivo, we evaluated the time-course of cellular effects of radiation (14, 16 or 17 Gy X-rays; 0.5 Gy/min) in the skin of C57BL/6 mice. Irradiation of 14 Gy induced mild inflammation, observed histologically, but no visible hair loss or erythema. However, 16 or 17 Gy radiation induced dry desquamation, erythema and mild ulceration, detectable within 14 days post-irradiation. Histological evaluation revealed inflammation with mast cell infiltration within 14 days. Fibrosis occurred 80 days following 17 Gy irradiation, with collagen deposition, admixed with neutrophilic dermatitis, and necrotic debris. We found that in cultures of normal human keratinocytes, exposure to 17.9 Gy irradiation caused the upregulation of p21/waf1, a marker of senescence. Using western blot analysis of 17.9 Gy–irradiated mice skin samples, we also detected a marker of accelerated senescence (p21/waf1) 7 days post-irradiation, and a marker of cellular apoptosis (activated caspase-3) at 30 days, both preceding histological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced epithelial stem cells from hair follicles 14–30 days post-irradiation. Furthermore, p21/waf1 expression was increased in the region of the hair follicle stem cells at 14 days post 17 Gy irradiation. These data indicate that radiation induces accelerated cellular senescence in the region of the stem cell population of the skin.
Assessment of Transvaginal Ultrasound Cervical Length Image Quality
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Feltovich Helen , Spitz Jean Lea , Toland Gregory , Berghella Vincenzo , Iams Jay D. ,   on Behalf of the Perinatal Quality Foundation
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To use data from the Cervical Length Education and Review program to evaluate the quality of transvaginal cervical length ultrasonography by trained imagers (ie, ultrasonographers, radiologists, perinatologists).

METHODS:

This is a retrospective observational study of data from the Cervical Length Education and Review program. Candidates underwent an online lecture series, examination, and submitted a batch of images for review. For a candidate’s batch of images to pass, all images must meet at least seven of the nine criteria assessed, the overall batch score needs to be 80% or greater, correct caliper placement must be met for all images, and the same criterion cannot be consistently missed. We also examined a subset of these criteria-appropriate image acquisitions, defined as an image that demonstrated both internal and external os and visualization of the entire endocervical canal. Primary outcome was the overall initial candidate pass rate; secondary outcomes included distribution of criteria missed in images and percentage of images that was inadequately acquired.

RESULTS:

Six hundred eighty-seven candidates submitted 3,748 images between June 10, 2012, and August 18, 2016. Eighty-five percent of candidates were ultrasonographers. Of the 687 initial batches submitted, 105 (15%) did not pass. Eight hundred thirty-seven images (22%) of all images failed at least one criterion; the most common image deficiencies were in “anterior width of cervix equals the posterior width” (33%), “failure to visualize” the internal or external os (29%), “cervix occupies 75% of image and bladder area visible” (33%), and incorrect caliper placement (24%). Two hundred fifty-six (7%) of all images failed to meet our criteria for adequate image acquisition.

CONCLUSION:

Fifteen percent of trained imagers failed to obtain appropriate cervical length imaging. This highlights the importance of a standardized cervical length training and certification program.