bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES) v.2
Authors: Statham Grant , Campbell Cam
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES) is an avalanche terrain classification system used to assess and communicate the exposure of backcountry terrain to the threat from avalanches, independent of daily hazard conditions. Commonly known as terrain ratings, these classifications are determined by an analysis of individual terrain parameters, which are then systematically combined to produce a single rating. The ATES model includes technical specifications for assessing terrain as well as corresponding communication scales for effectively sharing ratings with different kinds of backcountry users. ATES ratings are found in guidebooks and route descriptions or displayed spatially on maps. The system was originally introduced in Canada in 2004 as a risk management tool in conventional avalanche safety practices for public recreation and workplace avalanche safety. This paper introduces ATES v.2, an update to the system that expands the original scale from three levels to five by including Class 0 – Non-Avalanche Terrain, and Class 4 – Extreme Terrain. The original ATES v.1/04 and the ATES Zoning Model are merged into a single, five-level, updated version of ATES. ATES ratings can be applied as Areas, Zones, Corridors, or Routes and then communicated using models for backcountry travel and waterfall ice climbing.
It could have been much worse: spatial counterfactuals of the July 2021 flood in the Ahr valley, Germany
Authors: Vorogushyn Sergiy , Han Li , Apel Heiko , Nguyen Viet Dung , Guse Björn , Guan Xiaoxiang , Rakovec Oldrich , Najafi Husain , Samaniego Luis , Merz Bruno
Published: June 2024

Abstract. After a flood disaster, the question often arises: “What could have happened if the event had gone differently?” For example, what would be the effects of a flood if the path of a pressure system and the precipitation field had taken a different trajectory? In this paper, we use alternative scenarios of precipitation footprints shifted in space, the so-called “spatial counterfactuals” to generate plausible but unprecedented events. We explore the spatial counterfactuals of the deadly July 2021 flood in the Ahr Valley, Germany. We drive a hydrological model of the Ahr catchment with precipitation fields of this event systematically shifted in space. The resulting discharge is used as a boundary condition for a high-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. We simulate changes in peak flows, hydrograph volumes, maximum inundation extent and depths and affected assets and compare them to the simulations of the actual event. We show that even a slight shift of the precipitation field by 15–25 km eastwards, which does not seem implausible due to orographic conditions, causes an increase in peak flows at the gauge Altenahr of about 32 % and of up to 160 % at the individual tributaries. Also, significantly larger flood volumes of more than 25 % can be expected due to this precipitation shift. This results in significantly larger inundation extents and maximum depths at a number of analyzed focus areas. For example, in the focus area around Altenahr, the increase of mean and maximum depth of up to 1.25 m and 1.75 m, respectively, is simulated. The presented results should encourage flood risk managers as well as the general public to meet precautionary measures for extreme and unprecedented events.
HAYVAN BESLEME VE KESİM YÖNTEMLERİNİN ETİN HELALLİĞİ, KALİTESİ VE İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Batu Ali
Published: June 2024

Kırmızı et, sağlıklı yaşam için gerekli olan biyolojik değeri yüksek protein ve önemli mikro besinler içermektedir. Bu bağlamda sığır eti, protein, demir, çinko, selenyum, riboflavin, niasin, B6 ve B12 vitaminleri, fosfor, magnezyum ve potasyum gibi birçok temel besin ögelerini yeterli miktarda içerir. Kırmızı et, doymuş yağ açısından zengin ve testosteron üretimi için gerekli olan besin maddelerinin neredeyse tamamını ihtiva etmektedir. Bu sebeple testosteron düzeyini artırmak isteyen sporcuların diyetinde mutlaka kırmızı etin bulunması gerekir, ancak kırmızı etin ölçülü bir şekilde tüketilmesi gerekmektedir. Etin özellikle yağsız ve işlenmemiş türleri, cinsiyet hormonları üretimi ve genel sağlığı destekleyebilen maddeler açısından zengindir. Helal et üretimi için kasaplık hayvanlarda helal kesim gerekmektedir. Helal kesim, kalite ve hijyen açısından karkastan kanın en etkili şekilde akıtılmasını sağlar. Bu yönteme göre kesilen etlerin kan içeriği daha düşük olduğundan etin dayanıklılığı artar ve çabuk bozulmaz. Kanın yetersiz olarak akıtılmasıyla et, mikrobiyal büyüme için mükemmel bir ortam oluştuğu için kolayca bozulabildiği gibi hoş olmayan bir görünüme de sahip olabilir. Sersemletme yapılmadan helal kesim yöntemiyle elde edilen etlerde kan içeriği sersemletme uygulananlara kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha düşüktür. Yetersiz ve uygunsuz kan akıtma işlemi, ette daha fazla kanın kalmasına neden olur ve kanın, yüksek besin değeri, uygun pH, uygun sıcaklık, bağıl nem ve su aktivitesine sahip olması nedeniyle de mikrobiyal çoğalma için ideal bir ortam oluşturduğu düşünülmektedir. Kesim sonrası kaliteli bir et üretebilmek için karkasta bulunan kanın tamamına yakın bir kısmının akıtılması gerekmektedir. Sersemletme, hayvanlar için acı vericidir ve bu helal kesimden çok daha stresli bir kesim şeklidir. Sersemletme ile kasların glikojen rezervleri düşebilir ve kaslarda kalan oranı daha yüksek olduğu için et rengi daha koyu olur. Kaslarda tutulan kan, içerisindeki mikroorganizma aktivitesi ve toksik bileşikler nedeniyle nispeten daha sağlıksız bir et ortaya çıkar. Ülkemizde ve dünyada kırmızı et tüketimi ile beslenme ve sağlık ilişkisi yanında etin helalliği, hayvanların beslenme şekli ve kesim yöntemlerinin, kalite ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkisi de tartışılan konular arasındadır. Bunlardan dolayı bu makalede özellikle dindar tüketicilerin helal et tüketimi açısından hayvanların beslemede kullanılan bazı yem katkıları ile kesim yöntemlerinin kırmızı etin helalliği, kalitesi ve insan sağlı üzerine olan etkilerinin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Analysis of the Relationship of Domestic Sea Transportation to the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the Real Estate Sector in Indonesia
Authors: Nur Alfionita Firda Bunga , Setiawan M Ikhsan , Prawito Adi , Koespiadi Koespiadi , Durrotun N Ronny , Ismawati Ismawati , Sutapa I Ketut
Published: June 2024

The economic slowdown due to the pandemic has negatively affected various sectors in Indonesia, including the real estate sector. Meanwhile, Java Island is still the center of the economy in Indonesia. This contrasts the conditions of regions outside Java, which are still experiencing development gaps. Despite being a minor contributor to GDP, areas outside Java, such as Maluku and Papua, have experienced rapid economic growth. This proves that, outside Java, there is still significant potential for growth and investment, although it is inevitable that it will face unique challenges and obstacles in the future. Some of the factors that cause this to happen are the lack of supporting infrastructure such as roads, limited skilled human resources, and connectivity and transportation mobilization in the area. Excellent and appropriate connectivity and mobilization are needed to support economic growth in an area. One option for mobilization tools for archipelagic countries like Indonesia is sea transportation. In meeting the needs of the property and real estate sector, sea transportation is one of the options of choice. Excellent and proper connectivity and mobilization can be a factor that supports economic growth as well as the real estate sector outside Java. In the real estate sector, maritime transportation is essential in the timely distribution of quality building materials and construction equipment to development sites. There is undoubtedly a link between marine transportation and property/real estate in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a significant correlation analysis, namely Pearson Product Moment, to determine the relationship between two variables, namely Domestic Sea Transportation and Real Estate Sector GRDP. The results of the correlation data test in this study show that the Domestic Sea Transportation variable is positively correlated with the Real Estate GRDP variable. Indicated by the correlation coefficient value for each sea transportation variable of domestic ship visits (units) = 0.331, domestic ship visits (GT) = 0.504, the flow of Non-Crate and Container goods (unloading) = 0.251, the flow of Non-Crate and Container goods (loading) = 0.447. It can be interpreted that there is a positive relationship between the four sea transportation variables and Real Estate GRDP.
ԱՉՔԵՐՈՎ ԲԵՌՆՎԱԾՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԽԱՂՈՂԻ ՆՌՆԵՆԻ ՍՈՐՏԻ ՎԱԶԵՐԻ ԱՃԻ, ԲԵՐՔԱՏՎՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԵՎ ՈՐԱԿԱԿԱՆ ՑՈՒՑԱՆԻՇՆԵՐԻ ՎՐԱ
Authors: Grigoryan B.A. , Ohanyan A.I.
Published: June 2024

In the Armavir marz, the effect of the load of buds was studied on the growth, yield, and quality indicators of the Nrneni grape variety. This grape variety was created at the Armenian Agricultural Institute, by crossing the 1-17-1 (Alicant Bushe x Cabernet Sauvignon) hybrid form and the Georgian Saperavi varieties. The Nrneni grape variety is lateripening, moderately high-growing, with low frost resistance and high fungal disease resistance. Experimental vineyards were planted at a planting density of 2.5x1.5 m. The vines were formed according to a low-stem multi-arm fan-shaped formation: The load of the vines was studied at 20, 30, 40, and 50 buds. Research findings related to shoot growth, ripening, and harvest quality enable us to recommend the optimal vine load for the Nrneni grape variety in the Armavir marz region. Based on these studies, we suggest maintaining a load of 30–40 buds per vine.
The Hierarchy-Oriented Bureaucracy of South Korea: A Type of Neo-Weberian State?
Authors: IM Tobin , Cha Seyeong
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the evolution and operational dynamics of South Korea’s bureaucracy through the lens of a neo-Weberian state (NWS) model. It argues that South Korea’s bureaucratic system, which is deeply rooted in Confucian hierarchical principles, has uniquely adapted to modern administrative challenges and reforms influenced by new public management (NPM) ideologies. This paper traces the historical trajectory from the Confucian meritocracy of the Chos?n Dynasty to the contemporary handling of the COVID-19 crisis, encompassing various significant reform periods, with a focus on hierarchy variations: H1, H2, and H3. This analysis highlights how South Korea’s bureaucracy has managed to maintain efficiency and effectiveness while integrating market-driven and performance-oriented reforms. Furthermore, this paper discusses the bureaucratic response to “wicked problems”?complex social issues requiring multifaceted and innovative solutions?and demonstrates the bureaucracy’s adaptability in times of crisis. This is illustrated via an examination of key case studies, including the rapid implementation of COVID-19 drive-through testing centers, thereby showcasing the bureaucracy’s agility and effectiveness in crisis management. This paper ultimately supports the view that, despite global trends toward decentralization and deregulation, a strong hierarchical bureaucracy can effectively meet contemporary governance challenges, reflecting a distinctive NWS approach.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENTS in AUSTRALIA: LESSONS an NPM LEADER MIGHT TODAY DRAW FROM NWS
Authors: Podger Andrew
Published: June 2024

Australian public administration has undergone a dramatic change over the last 50 years through a long series of incremental, pragmatic reforms. Australia was a leader in New Public Management in the 1980s and 1990s, subsequently incorporating New Public Governance measures of collaboration and networking. While some critics describe the transformation as “neo-liberalism”, this article favors the more neutral term, “managerialism”, recognizing its liberal aspects but challenging claims of rolling back the role of the state. Reflecting on the overall shift today, the author concludes that the measures delivered significant gains but were taken too far, and important balances were lost. Looking towards the future, this article calls for a major correction including reinvestment in the state, not necessarily as far as adoption of Pollitt and Bouckaert’s Neo-Weberian State, but drawing important lessons from that paradigm.
Unraveling the Environmental, Meteorological, and Lifestyle Determinants of Hypertension Mortality in Türkiye
Authors: Koçak Mehmet , Aktaş-koçak Özgenç
Published: June 2024

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. This study investigates the association of environmental, meteorological, and lifestyle factors with hypertension mortality in Türkiye from 2010 to 2019. This study analyzed province-level hypertension mortality data for 81 provinces in Türkiye from 2010 to 2019. Predictors included air quality indicators (particulate matter 10, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone), meteorological variables (air pressure, humidity, temperature, wind speed), and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to second-hand smoke). An ordinal logistic regression approach was employed to model the likelihood of hypertension mortality, with adjustments for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate technique. In this study, it was found that significant associations are between hypertension mortality and several predictors. Air pressure, in terms of coefficient of variation and median levels, was significantly associated with hypertension mortality. Temperature and humidity showed strong associations, with median levels and variability impacting mortality rates. Lifestyle factors, notably smoking and alcohol consumption, were also significantly associated with increased hypertension mortality. Surprisingly, exposure to smoke at home showed a slight protective effect. The study highlights the complex interplay of environmental, meteorological, and lifestyle factors in terms of influencing hypertension mortality in Türkiye. These findings emphasize the need for multifaceted public health strategies that consider these diverse influences to manage and prevent hypertension-related mortality effectively.
A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program regarding Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Vaccination among ASHA workers at selected rural area of District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana
Authors: Kumari Neelam
Published: June 2024

Background: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination in terms of knowledge among ASHA workers working at rural area of district Yamuna Nagar, Haryana. Quantitative research approach was used. One group pre-test and post-test design was adopted to attain current study objectives. 60 ASHA workers were selected by using purposive sampling method. Demographic profile was used to assess personal information of ASHA Workers. Pre-test was conducted to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination with the help of self-structured questionnaire followed by video assisted teaching program was implemented and after seven days a post test was taken. The study finding shows that knowledge score regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination of ASHA workers were improved after implemented the video assisted teaching program. The pre-test mean and standard deviation knowledge score were 12.18+3.41 and the post-test mean and standard deviation knowledge score were 24.52+1.84. The mean difference score was 12.34. The paired‘t’ test score was 14.423 for the degree of freedom 29 which was statistically significant at the ‘P’ value 0.001; however no significant association was found between post test level knowledge and demographic variable.
Knowledge and Practice on Prevention of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among mothers of under-five children in Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Southern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Degavi Girish , Kasimayan Pandiarajan , Panari Hazaratali
Published: June 2024

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) isone of the public health problems in many communities, particularly among children in rural areas of developing countries. Ethiopian studies have concentrated on the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasitic infections, primarily among school children. Only a few studies have looked at the scope on knowledge of under-five children’s mothers regarding prevention of parasitic infections. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted from November 30 to December 30, 2020, among mothers of under-five children in Bule Hora town. The sample size in this study was 403. The data will be coded, checked and cleaned data (edited) will be entered into Epi-Data version 4.4.3.1 and exported to SPSS Statistics Version 25 for analysis. Result: The overall knowledge and practice level concerning mothers of under-five children regarding prevention of intestinal parasitic infections was, all among 51.6% had poor knowledge and 53.1% had poor practice. In Religious group wagefata, (AOR 2.199, 95% CI 1.05 - 4.59), mothers who not able to read and write (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.57) had poor knowledge than others. Further in age group (31-35) (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.38-6.24), Muslim (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.85) and mothers who had not able to read and write (AOR 3.97, 95% CI 1.26 - 12.49) had poor practice respectively. Conclusion: Mothers with children under the age of five have a considerably low degree of optimal awareness and experience when it comes to preventing intestinal parasitic infection. As a result, campaigns or formal training can be used to raise community consciousness about intestinal parasitic infestation prevention and control.
A Cognitive Poetics of Wonder: The Synthesis of Aristotelian Rhetoric, Grammar, and Psychology in Fernando de Herrera’s Anotaciones
Authors: Iglesias-Crespo Carlos
Published: June 2024

This article argues that Fernando de Herrera, Renaissance Spain’s foremost poetic theorist, blended classical poetics and rhetoric with facultative psychology to craft a revolutionary framework of poetic thought in his most important work, the Anotaciones (1580). Drawing on James J. Murphy’s concept of metarhetoric, the analysis foregrounds how in the Anotaciones Herrera intertwined semantics, cognitive processes involving perception, imagination, and memory, and key rhetorical and stylistic doctrines to theorize the pursuit of wonder as poetry’s normative goal. This complex framework was made possible thanks to the often-neglected influence of Aristotelian philosophy on Herrera. Thus building on Aristotle, Herrera originally contributed to the construction of the epistemological paradigm of the Spanish Renaissance by developing one of the period’s most versatile explanations of how poetry and language engage the mind.
Contested Information Environment Framework for Assessing Networked Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Forner Denton
Published: June 2024

Information communication technology (ICT) policy developed to counteract efforts from networked authoritarian regimes to control the information environment must be informed by the information control techniques and strategies that those regimes have at their disposal. This article informs policymakers through the development of a Contested Information Environment Framework that outlines both individual information control techniques and overarching strategies employed by authoritarian regimes. The framework in this article was methodically built through an analysis of the discourse surrounding the efforts of authoritarian state actors to manipulate international and regional social groups by controlling or influencing aspects of information exchanges.
The Transhumanist Sphere of Ease: What is the Ultimate Purpose of Transhumanism?
Authors: Garbowski Marcin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this article is to clarify what transhumanism is by asking whether it can be treated as another utopia, ideology, or classically understood concept of the good life. The answer to this question turns out to be currently negative due to the inability to define ultimate values. There is no answer to the question of what the meaning of this improved life is or can be. Improvement turns out to be of a quantitative nature, creating a certain sphere of freedom: one being able to do certain acts without bearing the consequences of the current world. Transhumanist happiness is not a state, but a constant striving for the implementation of these possibilities without answering the question of why one should do so. Axiological replenishment can be provided by an external source of absolute values. Albeit not yet sufficiently developed, Christian transhumanism may be an example of such complementation.
The Posthuman as a Hopeful Monster: “Geneticizing” the Fly-Human Hybrid in David Cronenberg’s The Fly
Authors: Noronha de Almeida Hugo Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Even though posthuman themes abound in fiction, they often rely on representational practices tied to humanist worldviews, perpetuating assumptions about the meaning of being human and humankind’s relationship with its environment. This article discusses the artist’s book Not-Human, Not-Fly (NHNF), which reconsiders David Cronenberg’s The Fly from a critical posthumanist perspective. Tied to horror conventions, the film reduces the posthuman to a condition threatening human life and well-being. NHNF employs tools from molecular genetics, designing a fictional database of the creature’s genes based on human and housefly genetic information. The hybrid genetic material rewrites the film’s narrative, revealing the “postfly” condition of the “posthuman” character and bringing its posthuman content to the fore by disentangling it from humanist representational conventions. This transdisciplinary approach challenges the film’s hierarchies of being, its portrayal of the housefly as a contaminant of the human genome’s purity, and unsettles assumptions concerning the ontological separation of humans, nonhumans, and posthumans. Thus, this work delineates one possible formal approach to representation of the posthuman via reframing through genetics. Moreover, it identifies connections between contemporary genetics and posthumanist thinking that validate posthumanism’s decentralization from the human, providing a nonanthropocentric interpretation of human and nonhuman subjects and subjectivities.
Hope Springs Eternal: Political Engagement in a Post-Anarchist Utopia
Authors: Janssen Jorn
Published: June 2024

Post-anarchism poses a profound challenge to the fundamental tenets of traditional anarchism, particularly its veneration of science and reason, its overarching narrative of human emancipation, and its reliance on a sanguine conception of innate human goodness. However, this challenge inadvertently erodes the utopian aspirations inherent in traditional anarchism, leaving a conspicuous absence of a tangible alternative. Yet, a sense of utopia remains integral to the impetus for political engagement. This article seeks to address the implicit quandary of political engagement within post-anarchism by examining the works of Max Stirner through the lens of existentialism. By juxtaposing Stirner’s notions of involuntary egoism, ownness, the un-man, and insurrection with the philosophical perspectives of Sartre, Camus, and De Beauvoir, we discover that, despite its anti-political inclination, post-anarchism finds solace in the tragic and ceaseless nomadic pursuit of societal amelioration.
The Curious Tales of The Scarlet Empire
Authors: Duvall J. Michael
Published: June 2024

The Scarlet Empire (1906) by David Maclean Parry, a former president of the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), offers an anti-utopian romance set in an authoritarian socialist Atlantis. Supplementing the efforts of NAM to limit the power of unions and diminish the appeal of socialism through political and editorial suasion, the novel promised a new and powerful way of proselytizing middle-class readers by competing with prominent literary utopians and socialists, especially Edward Bellamy and Upton Sinclair. The novel’s protagonist is converted to individualism and capitalism and comes to see socialism as emasculating. Empire bundles capitalism and masculinity together through a redemptive adventure romance narrative that serves capitalist ideological purposes and has the protagonist combining tremendous wealth, a powerful faith in individualism, and a recovered masculine subjectivity to become a captain of industry and paragon of a hegemonic masculinity at the turn of the twentieth century.
Disciplinary Utopias: The Mediterranean as a Context and Artistic Mediations
Authors: Arslan C. Ceyhun
Published: June 2024

This article shifts the emphasis away from debates on how to study the history of the Mediterranean. Instead, it examines the utopian perspectives that Mediterranean as a context and as a framework generates for artists and scholars. Arslan argues that the Mediterranean’s longue-durée history does not have to be thought of as a prison or a burden; rather, this history can provide new future visions. The article claims that artists can draw upon the Mediterranean’s history to simultaneously resist against Western imperialism and criticize discriminatory practices in their communities. Furthermore, recent works in Mediterranean studies can generate what the author calls a “disciplinary utopia,” wherein critics can engage with theoretical issues without foregoing attention to the languages and historical contexts of the traditions they study. The Mediterranean is not solely a sea in which narratives are produced; it is also a context in which they can be reassessed.
Looking for Utopia in the Mediterranean: Contemporary Türkiye and Underground Station by Çağrı Aktaş
Authors: Atasoy Emrah
Published: June 2024

Recent research in global literature, with a focus on non-Anglophone and non-European literatures and cultures, has sparked a growing interest in utopian and dystopian narratives. These narratives present alternative world scenarios that unfold in both the present and the future. Amidst the escalating impact of the climate crisis in the Anthropocene, the complex issue of migration, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, speculative fiction in the Mediterranean region captures the fears, aspirations, and dreams of individuals concerning both the present and the future. Over the last three decades, authors in contemporary Türkiye have increasingly produced utopian and dystopian works. These speculative works exhibit a heightened focus on ecological breakdown, political polarization, gender roles, and the exercise of power. Çağrı Aktaş’s Toprak Palas (Underground Station, 2018), a representative work of speculative fiction in contemporary Turkish literature, carries both utopian and dystopian undertones as it investigates the pressing challenges of Rahim, Aktaş’s finely textured underground city. Through its open-ended structure, the narrative galvanizes readers into action, urging an expedited process of transformation toward a different future.
Reframing Gun Violence in South Africa from the Prism of Cultural Violence
Authors: Oyinloye Olaoluwa Babatunde A. , Afolabi Muyiwa B.
Published: June 2024

This article examines gun violence in South Africa from different perspectives of violence looking at the works of several scholars including Galtung, Krug, Anthony Collins and the Australian gun buyback policy. It also examined the inter-relationships between gun violence and the non-criminal societal permissible violence forms. In doing these, the study deconstructed the concept of violence beyond the generally well documented and most recognised physical form of violence and went on to establish similarities and points of divergence between nonviolence and violence. The article deduced that violence is not strange to the human race but it is rather often advocated and that addressing it requires a holistic approach. This is because the type of violence which is abhorred is usually an extension of the societal permissible violence termed cultural violence. The article also made some recommendations about the need for nonviolent conflict engagement through the science of peace which shows there are always more effective alternatives to violence and advocates that peace education be included in South African schools to build the societal fabric of peace.
Security Implications of Free Movement for Countries of the Economic Community of West African States
Authors: Adenipekun Lawrence Olu
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the security implications of free movement of people in the member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). In doing so, it explores the nature and dynamics of the security challenges which the Protocol on free movement has generated for the member states of this sub-regional organisation, and how these fed into and intensified the security problems bedeviling the sub-region over the past decades. The focus on the Protocol, which was adopted in 1979, is informed by the fact that it has, in the last couple of decades, been exploited by criminals to perpetrate all manners of nefarious activities, notably human trafficking, drug trafficking, small arms and light weapons trafficking, smuggling of contraband goods, cross-border armed robbery and banditry, kidnapping for ransom and terrorist activities, all of which constitute serious security concerns to the sub[1]region. It is important, for example, to note that the relative ease with which trafficking and terror gangs traverse the sub-region and carry out targeted attacks on innocent people as well as public and private facilities is directly linked to the provisions of the Protocol which, among other things, abolished requirements for visas and entry permit for Community citizens travelling within the region. The study found out that criminals travel within the region without documents as stipulated by the Protocol and illegally smuggle prohibited goods across national boundaries. It also revealed that ECOWAS does not have a computer database and this makes it difficult for border officials to document the identities of travelers, making it easier for people to commit crimes without being identified. The study discovered that this illegal movement has not only impacted negatively on human security but has also impeded intra regional efforts at ensuring security and sustainable development within the sub-region. The paper recommends that a special regular joint-border patrol should be put in place as a way of strengthening the existing collective regional security framework in West Africa. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. Primary data were sourced through the conduct of in-depth interviews while secondary data were obtained from relevant textbooks and journals. The analysis of data generated was essentially qualitative, using descriptive and content analyses. The theoretical framework adopted for analysing this work is critical theory, which gives primacy to non-state national and transnational actors rather than making the state the primary referent of security. This theory offers more convincing explanations on how non-state criminal groups have taken advantage of the free movement Protocol of ECOWAS to perpetrate terrorism and trafficking of people and goods, with all their negative security implications.
Creation of Local Council Development Areas in Southwestern Nigeria: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Odewale Ayotunde David , Taleat Bisiriyu Abiodun , Ajayi Olubusayo Ayooluwa
Published: June 2024

The study examines the nature and rationale behind the creation of Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs) by some states in Nigeria, especially in southwestern Nigeria. In this paper, critical consideration is given to understanding why the creation of more local governments has not influenced development. Ordinarily, it is expected that the more government is closer to the people, the more development ought to be to the grassroots. Yet, this has not always been the case. This can be traced to the fact that the creation of local governments in Nigeria has always been influenced by political considerations rather than developmental considerations. The methodology used for this paper is based on content analysis. The SWOT Analysis tool was used to describe the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing local government creation and administration in Nigeria. The findings revealed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are likely to occur. The paper suggests that creation of local government should be more on viability that would lead to development at the grassroots rather than the political gains surrounding such creation
Complexity of Boko Haram Insurgency: A Reflection on Ebira Tao North Central of Nigeria, 2003-2013
Authors: Abedo Abdussalam Umar
Published: June 2024

In order to protect and preserve Islamic tenets against the British Christian Missionary Education System, the slogan, Boko-Haram, which means Western education is unlawful was developed to discourage the populace in the north from missionary education in the early stage of colonialism. This was later to be used in the modern day to describe the extreme Islamic Movement known as Jama’atu Ahli Sunnah Liddawati Wal Jihad, popularly known as Boko-Haram (Paden 2012: 41). The sect first emerged in North-East Nigeria in 2003 and from 2009 onward; their activities have claimed thousands of lives in Yobe, Borno, Adamawa, Bauchi, Abuja, Kano and Kogi States. Churches, mosques, markets, government and tertiary institutions were targeted for destruction. The people of Ebira Tao, in Kogi State, in the North Central area of Nigeria, were gripped fear because of speculation that the deadly Islamic sect has sympathizers in the community. Hence, some Ebira Tao Muslim youths were arrested by law enforcement agents on the suspicion of being adherents of the new radical Islamic ideology. Prior to this assertion, Ebiraland was noted for volatility where political and religious conflicts permeated every segment of the land. In view of this, Nigerian security personnel became suspicious and sceptical of the religious zealousness of the Ebira youths and tended to characterise it falsely. The killing of a soldier, bombing of a church, murder of a church pastor and personalities in Ebiraland with methods similar to Boko Haram modus operandi gave weight to the opinion that elements of Boko-Haram existed in Ebiraland. The paper therefore seeks to interrogate the alleged links of the Boko Haram insurgency to activities of youths in Ebiraland.
Bond behavior of CFRP-strengthened steel structures and its environmental influence factors: a critical review
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China, Ke Lu ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China., Li Youlin ,   State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China., Li Chuanxi ,   State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China., Cheng Zheng ,   State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China., Ma Kaibao ,   State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China., Zeng Junjie ,   UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia 5095, Australia.
Published: June 2024

Adhesively bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) systems have shown great promise for strengthening damaged steel structures, offering potential enhancements in the longevity of steel structures. However, the degradation of bond performance of CFRP under harsh environments remains a critical concern for researchers and engineers, as it may significantly impact the efficiency and durability of bonded CFRP strengthening systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the impact of key characteristics of bonded joints, such as the CFRP modulus, adhesive performance, bond length, adhesive layer thickness, and bond joint geometry, on the bonding performance of CFRP strengthening systems. Additionally, the influences of environmental factors, including elevated and sub-zero temperatures, moisture, corrosion, humidity, wet-dry cycles, ultraviolet radiation, and freeze-thaw cycles on the bond behavior, were also reviewed. By synthesizing and analyzing existing research insights into the effects of reinforcement materials, bond joint design parameters, and environmental factors on bonding performance, this review article attempts to enhance practitioners' understanding of bond behavior in this field and also provides guidance for future research.
Thermal insulation performance of non-load-bearing light gauge slotted steel stud walls
Authors:   Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China, Wang Yuyin ,   Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China., Liu Faqi , Yang Hua ,   Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China., Fu Feng ,   School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, City University, London, EC1V 0HB, U.K., Yan Yuteng ,   Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
Published: June 2024

Light gauge steel stud walls have been widely used in buildings as load-bearing members. But if used as non-load-bearing walls, more rows of perforations can be placed on stud webs and then the thermal bridge effect can be reduced. Experiments on six non-load-bearing light gauge slotted steel stud walls were conducted using a calibrated hot box. The temperatures of the steel studs and gypsum plasterboard were monitored for subsequent analysis of thermal bridging. The effects of parameters (number of rows of perforations, stud web height, and the ratio of window area to wall area) on the insulating capacity of the wall were identified and analyzed. Thermal transmittance decreases by 18.5% and 29.6% for specimens with 3 and 7 rows of perforations in comparison with the specimen without perforations, while it decreases by 29.8% and 42.7% respectively for 150 mm and 200 mm thick walls compared with that of the 100 mm thick wall. However, thermal transmittance increases obviously for the wall with a window opening relative to the wall without a window opening, reaching 14.7% in this test since more studs are placed around the window opening. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the wall was developed and validated against experimental results, and then was used for parametric studies. A general method of calculating the thermal transmittance of the light gauge slotted steel stud wall was suggested based on the experiment and the FE model results, which can consider influences of wall thickness, web perforations, window openings, and thermal properties of materials.
Adaptación y factibilidad de un programa de prevención de diabetes en la comunidad Comcáac (Seri) de Sonora, México
Authors: Robles Ordaz Mónica D. , Gallegos Aguilar Ana Cristina , Díaz Zavala Rolando G. , Urquídez Romero René , Quizán Plata Trinidad , Esparza Romero Julián
Published: June 2024

La diabetes es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En México la prevalencia de esta enfermedad se duplicó en tan solo 13 años, pasando de 6.7 % en 1993 a 14.4 % en 2006. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y evaluar la factibilidad de un programa de intervención en adultos de la comunidad Comcáac en riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). A través de una revisión bibliográfica se analizaron los programas diseñados para prevenir o retrasar el desarrollo de DT2 a nivel nacional e internacional. Se seleccionó el Programa de Prevención de Diabetes (Diabetes Prevention Program) y se adaptó su protocolo considerando la cultura Comcáac. Para evaluar la factibilidad del programa adaptado, éste se implementó y se evaluó aceptación, participación y conocimientos sobre diabetes, nutrición y actividad física en los participantes aplicando un cuestionario estructurado. La participación fue de 57.1 %, sin embargo, al considerar las barreras que dificultaron la asistencia, la participación podría alcanzar el 75 %. El conocimiento de los participantes sobre diabetes, nutrición y actividad física fue alto (93.7 %). En cuanto a la aceptación del programa, los participantes mencionaron que el programa fue de su agrado debido a que el lenguaje y los materiales utilizados fueron claros y entendibles. Además comentaron que estarían dispuestos a asistir a las sesiones si en el futuro se aplica este protocolo de prevención. Se concluye que el programa adaptado es factible y puede ser utilizado para prevenir o retrasar el desarrollo de diabetes en adultos de la comunidad Comcáac.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v9i2.592
Method and composition for treatment of Eczema in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Tomar Amit
Published: June 2024

The present invention highlights of herbal composition of Citrus limon, Trapha natans, Tegetes erecta, Azadirachta indica and Sesamum indicum to cure eczema.
Abordagem de Especificação de Requisitos para Modelagem 3D do Robô Otto para sessões de terapia com crianças autistas
Authors: Ribeiro Bastos de Sousa Rebouças Gabriel , Reggina Kempner Thais , Pereira dos Santos Nunes Eunice , Correia Lima de Faria Borges Luciana
Published: June 2024

Buscando atender às necessidades de desenvolvimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), este artigo retrata as etapas na abordagem de especificação de requisitos para modelagem 3D do robô Otto, que é um brinquedo inclusivo que atua como facilitador nas sessões de terapia com crianças autistas. Neste artigo justificamos o porquê das nossas escolhas para o desenvolvimento de uma aparência visual simplificada com um design evocativo, objetivando criar um robô terapêutico lúdico e empático e ao mesmo tempo eficiente para auxiliar no processo terapêutico com crianças com TEA. A construção do Otto fornece aos terapeutas novas soluções para manter a atenção concentrada das crianças nas sessões terapêuticas facilitando o aprendizado, interações sociais, comunicação, além de aumentar a motivação dessas crianças para participarem da terapia.
 
Palavras Chave: design de produto; modelagem 3d; transtorno do espectro autista; robótica; impressão 3d.
Consumo de moda com cores acessíveis para pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Brogin Bruna , Marchi Sandra Regina , Schemes Cláudia
Published: June 2024

A inclusão perpassa todos os segmentos de mercado, envolvendo os mais diferentes clientes no acesso aos produtos e serviços. Este trabalho objetivou entender o perfil, preferência de consumo de moda e importância da aplicação das cores para pessoas com deficiência visual, cegas, com baixa visão e daltônicas. 243 pessoas de todas as regiões do Brasil responderam um questionário on-line com 15 questões. As respostam indicaram que a maior importância da cor para pessoas com deficiência visual é na escolha do vestuário, a maioria vai às compras acompanhado, em shopping centers ou lojas de departamento. É responsabilidade do acompanhante ou do vendedor da loja descrever a cor. A maioria indicou não usar aplicativos para identificação das cores, tampouco para acessar a localização para chegar às lojas. Os resultados revelam a importância da cor e a necessidade de soluções que proporcionem a acessibilidade desta informação, promovendo inclusão e qualidade de vida às pessoas com deficiência visual. A partir disso apresenta-se a Linguagem Tátil das Cores See Color, que pode ser usada por todos, e que possibilita a autonomia de pessoas com deficiência visual na interação com as cores. São apresentadas duas soluções para inserção tátil das cores no vestuário.
Market systems development for a just transition
Authors: Bird Jonathan ,   International Labour Organization. Systems Change Initiative,
Published: June 2024

This brief explores the potential contributions that market systems development (MSD) programming can make towards a just transition in developing countries. It discusses some concrete steps that funders and practitioners can take to be intentional in applying the MSD approach to promote a just transition, and the role that MSD programming can play in supporting countries achieve a shift towards environmentally sustainable economies that maximize opportunities for inclusive growth and decent work, while minimizing challenges.
Cải thiện hỗ trợ dinh dưỡng của điều dưỡng cho người bệnh ung thư: Protocol sử dụng phương pháp đồng thiết kế
Authors: Phùng Thị Hạnh , Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt , Hoàng Lan Vân , Trương Quang Trung , Natalie Bradford
Published: June 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Tại Việt Nam, ung thư là một vấn đề đang gây thách thức cho toàn bộ hệ thống y tế. Điều trị ung thư giúp cải thiện tỷ lệ sống nhưng cũng gây ra nhiều tác dụng phụ liên quan đến dinh dưỡng cho người bệnh.
Mục tiêu: Thiết kế và triển khai một chương trình can thiệp nâng cao năng lực của người điều dưỡng trong hỗ trợ dinh dưỡng cho người bệnh.
Phương pháp: Sử dụng phương pháp đồng thiết kế để xây dựng và triển khai chương trình can thiệp với sự tham gia của tất cả những bên liên quan (nghiên cứu viên, bác sĩ điều trị, chuyên gia dinh dưỡng, điều dưỡng và người bệnh).
Kết luận: Một chương trình can thiệp hiệu quả và khả thi sẽ sẽ được xây dựng và triển khai giúp nâng cao năng lực cho người điều dưỡng trong hỗ trợ dinh dưỡng cho người bệnh ung thư.