bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is disability history the history of?
Authors: McGuire Coreen Anne
Published: June 2024

This article has two connected aims. First, to contour the boundaries of modern disability history through outlining its development and second, to provide a new methodological agenda for disability history. The design model of disability has outlined an important new programme to integrate the social and medical models of disability by foregrounding materials. Yet ‘disability things’ (to use Ott's memorable term) have been part of disability history's genesis since the material turn, which started the process of social historians recovering the lives of those not recorded in textual sources through objects, including prosthetics. From considering objects as things, the influence of Science and Technology Studies scholars pushed disability historians to further consider objects as agents and objects in use. These approaches have highlighted the differential levels of autonomy and power that objects and their users have in making history. However, this focus on materials has highlighted visible and recorded disability over ‘invisible’ disability, which has perpetuated its opacity and created definitional difficulties around disability demarcation. Medical history methodologies aimed at revealing the ‘patient view’ can help bring people back into focus but uphold the categories of patients and biomedicine in a way that impedes the aims of disability scholars. Focusing on exactly what is hidden is less useful than focusing on how it is hidden, and science and technology study methodologies can illuminate these processes.
Multicentre service evaluation of injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine delivery and outcomes across 12 UK clinics (SHARE LAI‐net)
Authors: Ring Kyle , Smuk Melanie , Shongwe Moses , Okonta Leroy , Mackie Nicola E. , Ayres Sara , Barber Tristan J. , Akodu Jane , Ferro Filippo , Chilton Daniella , Hurn Eliot , Halai Bhavna , Barchi Will , Ali Asim , Darko Sandra , White Gemma , Clarke Emily , Clark Fiona , Ali Bazga , Arumainayagam Joseph , Quinn Gaynor , Boffito Marta , Byrne Ruth , Naous Nadia , Leung Suki , Umaipalan Athavan , Thornton Brian , Bayliss David , McLoughlin Catherine , Foster Jonathan , Waters Laura , Orkin Chloe
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Long‐acting injectable cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB + RPV LAI) was approved for use in virally suppressed adults in the England and Wales national health service in November 2021. We describe a service evaluation of delivery processes and outcomes in 12 clinics.

Methods

Centres populated a database using information from local policies and clinical records. Services were asked to describe approval processes, clinic pathways, and adherence to national guidelines. Additional data were collected on reasons for regimen choice, treatment discontinuations, and management of viraemia.

Results

In total, 518 adults from 12 clinics were approved for CAB + RPV LAI between February 2022 and December 2023. Of the 518 people approved for CAB + RPV LAI, 423 received at least one injection. Median duration on CAB + RPV was 7.5 months (interquartile range 3.7–11.3). In total, 97% of injections were administered within the ±7‐day window. Virological failure occurred in 0.7%, and 6% discontinued CAB + RPV.

Conclusion

In this large UK‐based cohort, robust approval processes and clinic protocols facilitated on‐time injections and low rates of both discontinuation and virological failure.
“I'm afraid I can't handle students’ questions on the spot!”: Complex interactions between English research writing teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and instructional practices
Authors: Zhang Mulin , Guo Quanjiang
Published: June 2024

Despite recent proliferation in scholarship on English research writing (ERW) and its teaching, ERW teachers’ developing knowledge remains under‐researched. This multiple case study, featuring four ERW teachers working in the same university in Central China, builds on the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) framework to delineate the complexities in participants’ knowledge–practice nexus. Data sources include observations, interviews, journal entries, and teaching artifacts. Data analyses reveal that the complex interactions between PCK components have resulted in idiosyncrasies in participants’ instructional decisions or practices concerning selecting teaching points, utilizing own disciplinary articles, deciding on pedagogical design, and assigning writing tasks. It is also found that participants who are more assured in their PCK repertoire tend to feel more secure in teacher–student interactions and adopt more student‐centered pedagogies. Participants’ knowledge–practice nexus exhibits complex system features of self‐organizing and self‐transforming, as well as self‐knowing. Implications for transitional ERW teachers’ practices and professional development are discussed.
What drives employers’ favorability ratings on employer review platforms? The role of symbolic, personal, and emotional content
Authors: Höllig Christoph E. , Tumasjan Andranik , Lievens Filip
Published: June 2024

Employer review platforms have changed the recruitment landscape by allowing current and former employees to post messages about an employer outside of direct company control. Therefore, they have emerged as an important form of third‐party employer branding. However, we know little about how such open‐ended comments relate to the key variable in employer reviews: employers’ favorability rating. Therefore, we start by situating this variable among other constructs in the employer branding space. Next, we build theory on how content in the open‐ended comments of an employer review relates to the positivity or negativity of the reviews’ favorability rating. We test our hypotheses via a text‐mining analysis of approximately half a million employer reviews. The results reveal an intriguing discrepancy. Although instrumental, impersonal, and cognitive content is more prevalent in employer reviews, symbolic, personal, and emotional content dominates employer reviews’ favorability rating. In terms of practical implications, this result shows that merely inspecting the frequency of attributes mentioned in employer review text comments as a basis for changing company policies of employer branding efforts might be misguided. We discuss implications for theory and future research, and provide our dictionary for further scholarly and practical use.
Biological attributes required for epidermal regeneration: Evaluation of the next‐generation autologous cell harvesting device
Authors: Bush Katie A. , Kashgari Ghaidaa , Jahid Sohail , Hur Jennifer , Powell Heather M. , Doshi Niraj
Published: June 2024

Early wound intervention and closure is critical for reducing infection and improving aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients with acute burn wounds and nonthermal full‐thickness skin defects. Treatment of partial‐thickness burns or full‐thickness injuries with autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) achieves robust wound closure while limiting the amount of donor skin compared with standard autografting. A Next Generation Autologous Cell Harvesting Device (NG‐ACHD) was developed to standardize the preparation process for ASCS to ensure biological attributes are obtained known to correlate with well‐established safety and performance data. This study compared ASCS prepared using the NG‐ACHD and ACHD following the manufacturer's guidance, evaluating cellular yields, viability, apoptotic activity, aggregates, phenotypes and functional capacity. Non‐inferiority was established for all biological attributes tested and comparable healing trajectories were demonstrated using an in vitro skin regeneration model. In addition to standardization, the NG‐ACHD also provides workflow efficiencies with the potential to decrease training requirements and increase the ease of incorporation and utilization of ASCS in clinical practice.
Experimental and FEM research on Camellia oleifera shell structural–mechanical cracking behavior during hulling
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Zhicheng , Cui Bo , Xu Zilong , Shu Can , Pei Houchang , Song Shaoyun , Zhang Yonglin
Published: June 2024

Camellia oleifera shell (COS) mechanical–structural property and cracking behavior are crucial for hulling, hulling work can improve the extraction oil quality. A developed texture analyzer with in situ observation is built for COS mechanical–structural and crack testing. Influencing factors are studied under working effects, considering fruit size, drying temperature, compression distance, speed, directions. The shell compression damage is analyzed with compression damage model. Results show that COS compression damage can be divided into three stages: shell elastic deformation, initial cracking, crack propagation. Compression force decreases rapidly after initial cracking, increases with cracking propagation. Compression direction leads different cracking, cracking load Fx > Fy. Shell cracking force increases with increasing compression speed, distance, fruit diameter, leading intensified crack. Cracking force decreased with drying temperature increasing in 20–110°C, obvious at 80°C. FEM simulation matches COS cracking behavior, stress concentration increases at apical. The research provides theoretical basis for hulling design.

Practical applications

Camellia oleifera shell (COS) mechanical–structural property and cracking behavior were crucial for shelling, hulling work improves the extraction oil quality. COS cracking behavior were studied under various working effects such as fruit size, drying temperature, compression distance, speed, and direction, and providing a theoretical basis for improving hulling methods. Based on the actual hulling process, research on temperature factors has been added, and the conclusion that the optimal drying temperature is 80°C has been proposed. Considering energy conservation and tea oil quality, hulling efficiency has been improved. Meanwhile, cracking behavior and mechanical properties were studied from cracking in three stages, preventing excessive extrusion caused to seeds damage in hulling. The research provides theoretical basis for hulling design and optimization.
Gastrointestinal involvement in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Strobl Walter
Published: June 2024

Although not often discussed, many of the neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Depending on the type of NMD, the prevalence of GIT involvement ranges from <5% (e.g. hereditary neuropathies, myofibrillar myopathies) to 100% (e.g. MNGIE, OPMD). Particularly in NMDs with multisystem affection, involvement of the GIT can dominate the clinical presentation or at least make up a significant part of the clinical picture. The most prominent representatives of NMDs with multisystem involvement are the mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) and the myotonic dystrophies. The best known syndromic MIDs with GIT involvement are MNGIE, MELAS, Leigh, and Pearson syndromes. Among neuropathies, GIT involvement is most commonly found in ALS and GBS. GIT involvement may also be a feature of myasthenia. The clinical manifestations of GIT involvement are diverse and can affect the entire GIT, from the teeth to the rectum, including the liver and pancreas. The most well‐known clinical manifestations of GIT involvement are dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, reflux, hollow organ dysmotility, hepatopathy, diabetes, diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Even if treatment can usually only be symptomatic, the therapeutic options are diverse, are often effective, and can significantly and beneficially influence the course of the underlying NMD.
Prevalence of functional esophageal disorders and associated clinical characteristics in patients with proton‐pump‐inhibitor‐unresponsive reflux symptoms
Authors: Wei Ming‐Han , Chen Chien‐Chuan , Lee Hui‐Chuan , Lee Yi‐Chia , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wu Jia‐Feng , Tseng Ping‐Huei
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

Patients with proton‐pump‐inhibitor (PPI)‐unresponsive reflux symptoms, often caused by functional esophageal disorders (FED), are frequently encountered in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FED and its associated clinical characteristics in patients with PPI‐unresponsive reflux symptoms.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients who were evaluated for persistent typical reflux symptoms, despite ≥8 weeks of PPI treatment, at the National Taiwan University Hospital from 2014 to 2023. All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation comprising validated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom questionnaires, 5‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy, high‐resolution impedance manometry, and 24‐h impedance‐pH monitoring off PPI therapy. Diagnosis of FED and non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) was based on the Rome IV criteria.

Results

We analyzed 190 patients [46.8% male, median age 52 (interquartile range, 42–61) years], of whom 32 (16.8%) had NERD and 158 (83.2%) had FED (57.9% with functional heartburn and 25.3% with reflux hypersensitivity). Patients with FED had a lower body mass index than those with NERD and a higher prevalence of psychological comorbidities and poor sleep quality than healthy volunteers. The severity of reflux symptoms among FED patients was significantly associated with the severity of psychological comorbidities and sleep quality.

Conclusions

A notably high prevalence (83.2%) of FED was observed among patients experiencing PPI‐unresponsive reflux symptoms. Patients with FED had a higher level of psychological distress and diminished sleep quality, both of which were associated with reflux symptom severity.
A novel drive‐through approach to vaccination of children and young people with neurodevelopmental disability
Authors: Keen Marlene , Wen Sophie , Heussler Helen , Tracey John , Nasser Carolyn , Doyle Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Disparities in preventative health care likely contribute to comorbidities associated with neurodevelopmental disability. These comorbidities are risk factors for poor outcomes of COVID‐19, making COVID‐19 vaccination a priority for this population. In mid‐2021, the Australian Technical Advisory Group (ATAGI) recommended the COVID‐19 vaccination rollout include children and young people at risk of severe COVID‐19 associated disease. This cohort included children/young people severely immunocompromised, with disability, and/or complex, multiple health conditions. Children and young people with neurodevelopmental disability can be challenging to vaccinate in conventional clinic environments and may experience exacerbation of behaviours posing barriers to vaccination. Remaining unvaccinated for COVID‐19 increased risk of secondary complications and affected access to carers and respite facilities. This paper describes a novel, individualised approach to safe vaccination for this cohort. In consultation with stakeholders, a drive‐through clinic vaccination model was developed and implemented for children/young people with neurodevelopmental disability. The model prioritised person‐centred care and minimised triggering factors experienced in community clinics. Data were collected on successfully administered vaccine doses; administration safety and adverse events following immunisation. Parents/carers and staff provided reflective feedback. Twenty‐four children and young people used the model with successful vaccination rate of 96% (n = 23). Most patients received multiple doses through the clinic (n = 16). Some patients were vaccinated after unsuccessful attempts elsewhere. Feedback from carers and staff was positive and no adverse events were reported. This model is generalisable to other health services and may be applied to other vaccinations for people of all ages with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
The diagnostic relevance of mesenteric lymph node biopsy in small intestinal lymphoma in cats
Authors: Marconato Laura , Martini Valeria , Banco Barbara , Benali Silvia , Crocchianti Veronica , Iussich Selina , Marino Michele , Massaro Maria , Pagano Teresa Bruna , Aresu Luca
Published: June 2024

Background

Regional lymph nodes are frequently sampled in cats with suspected intestinal lymphoma; however, their diagnostic value has not been explored.

Objectives

To investigate whether histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of mesenteric lymph nodes correlates with the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma in cats.

Animals

One hundred 2 client‐owned cats diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma.

Methods

Retrospective study. The inclusion criteria required a full‐thickness biopsy of the small intestine and concurrent excision of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologic and immunophenotypic analyses were performed on intestinal biopsies and corresponding lymph nodes. Selected nodal samples diagnosed with reactive lymph nodes underwent clonality testing.

Results

Transmural T‐cell lymphomas, encompassing small and large cell types, were predominant (64 cases, 62.7%), with large B‐cell lymphomas being more frequently transmural (68.8%) than mucosal (31.2%). Among all lymph nodes examined, 44 (43.1%; 95% CI: 33.9%‐52.8%) exhibited neoplastic infiltration. Among cases of small cell lymphoma, 51 out of 72 (70.8%; 95% CI: 59.4%‐80.1%) showed no nodal involvement. Clonality results correctly identified 19/30 (63.3%; 95% CI: 45.5%‐78.2%) reactive lymph nodes. Concerns were raised regarding clonal identification in the remaining cases and potential misdiagnoses based on phenotypic characteristics.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

The study underscores the potential drawbacks of relying solely on mesenteric lymph nodes for diagnosing intestinal lymphomas in cats, particularly small cell subtypes. It emphasizes the importance of full‐thickness biopsies for assessing transmural infiltration and recommends caution when utilizing mesenteric lymph nodes for histologic, immunohistochemical and clonality evaluations in mucosal lymphomas. Despite limitations, this research highlights the need for comprehensive diagnostic strategies in cats with intestinal lymphoma.
Should Developed Economies Manage International Capital Flows? An Empirical and Welfare Analysis*
Authors: Bonam Dennis , Goy Gavin , de Veirman Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

The literature on the effects of country risk premium shocks has largely focused on emerging market economies. We empirically show that in developed economies, risk premium shocks explain a non‐trivial share of aggregate fluctuations and are key drivers of real activity during crises. Our empirical results and results from a two‐country New Keynesian model indicate that an increase in the risk premium leads to a reduction in aggregate output under monetary union, but not so in countries with flexible exchange rates and independent monetary policy. Model simulations suggest that managing international capital flows enhances welfare in countries under monetary union.
Brace‐related Stress and Quality of Life Parameters between Chêneau and Boston Braces: A Cross‐sectional Comparative Study on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsiddiky Abdulmonem M. , Alharbi Khalid S. , Ababtain Omar A. , Alnuwaybit Abdullah F. , Zamzami Mazin A. , Basalah Ahmad A. , Al‐Sabban Wesam H.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent spinal deformity affecting healthy children. Although AIS typically lacks symptomatic manifestations, its resultant deformities can affect patients' quality of life (QoL). Evaluating QoL and stress levels is crucial in determining the optimal brace type for AIS patients; however, research comparing the effectiveness of different brace types in this regard is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of Boston versus Chêneau braces on QoL and stress levels in AIS patients.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at a medical institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 52 eligible patients selected through stratified random sampling based on type of brace as the main stratum. The inclusion criteria were idiopathic scoliosis, age ≥ 10 years, bracing for at least 3 months, and no history of cancer. QoL was evaluated according to the revised Scoliosis Research Society 22‐item questionnaire (SRS‐22r) and stress levels according to the eight‐item Bad Sobernheim stress questionnaire (BSSQ‐Brace). Independent‐sample t‐tests were used to compare brace‐related QoL and stress level according to participants' sex and brace type.

Results

Overall, 32 participants were treated with Boston braces (seven men and 25 women), with a median (IQR) age of 11.00 years (10.00–13.00), and 20 participants were treated with Chêneau braces (three men, 17 women), with a median (IQR) age of 12.50 years (10.00–14.25). The total SRS‐22 score was not significantly different between the brace groups (p = 0.158). However, patients in the Boston brace group reported significantly higher satisfaction levels (median = 4.00, IQR = 3.50–4.50) than did those in the Chêneau brace group (median = 3.25, IQR = 2.38–4.13, p = 0.013, moderate effect size = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.060 to 0.590). Furthermore, the BSSQ‐brace total score was significantly higher in the Boston brace group (median = 9.00, IQR = 8.00–12.00) than in the Chêneau brace group (median = 7.50, IQR = 4.75–10.00, p = 0.007, moderate effect size = 0.376, 95% CI = 0.130 to 0.590), indicating higher stress levels in the Chêneau brace group.

Conclusion

The QoL in AIS patients undergoing brace treatment was comparable across groups. Nonetheless, patients who used Chêneau braces experienced higher stress levels and lower treatment satisfaction rates than did those who used Boston braces. These findings can inform clinical decisions regarding prescription of bracing types and highlight the need for further in‐depth research.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Combined Therapies Based on Modified Core Decompression for the Treatment of Early‐stage Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Sun Shuo , Li Donghai , Wang Qin , Kang Pengde
Published: June 2024

Objective

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe orthopedic disease, which may cause severe hip dysfunction in later stage. Therefore, it is necessary to treat nontraumatic ONFH during the early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and survival rates of different combined therapies based on modified core decompression (CD) for early‐stage nontraumatic ONFH.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study assessed 397 hips with ONFH who underwent different combined therapies based on modified CD in our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were classified into six groups based on treatment modalities, and were followed up at 1 year and 5 years postoperatively. Clinical outcomes, including Harris hip score (HHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), were compared to evaluate the hip function and quick rehabilitation effect. Radiographic progression of ONFH and the incidence of total hip arthroplasty were analyzed to evaluate the survival rate of ONFH postoperatively. Statistical analyses were mainly performed with Kruskal–Wallis test, chi‐square test and Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

HHS increased significantly in all groups but showed no significant differences among the six groups in the first years. The nonvascularized allogeneic fibula with bone grafting (NVAF + BG) and percutaneous femoral neck–head fenestration with bone grafting via the direct anterior approach (DAA + BG) groups had significantly higher HHS (p = 0.010; p = 0.025) and WOMAC function score (p < 0.001; p = 0.012) than the CD group 5 years postoperatively. Compared with the CD group, all the other groups showed statistically significant differences in radiographic progression (p < 0.001) and a higher survival rate with no significant difference (p = 0.569).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the potential use of NVAF + BG and DAA + BG, may serve as a promising combined therapy for the treatment of early‐stage nontraumatic ONFH.
Effect of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection on Gap Balancing in Robot‐assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhu Kechao , Wang Jiaxing , Dai Huiyong , Xi Yan , Wang Qiaojie , Zhang Xianlong , Wang Qi
Published: June 2024

Objective

Retention or sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the most controversial issues while performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PCL resection on flexion–extension gaps, femoral component rotation, and bone resection amounts during robot‐assisted TKA.

Methods

This prospective study included 40 patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent robot‐assisted posterior‐stabilized (PS) TKA between September 2021 and February 2022. Of the patients, 75% were women (30/40) with a mean age and BMI of 72.6 years and 27.4 kg/m2, respectively. The guidance module and camera stand assembly were used to capture gaps before and after PCL resection. Measurements of femoral component rotation and bone resection amounts were made in cruciate‐retaining (CR) TKA mode and PS‐TKA mode.

Results

After PCL resection, the mean change in the medial and lateral compartments of flexion gaps increased by 2.0 and 0.6 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared with the CR‐TKA mode group, the bone resection amounts of the medial posterior condyle and the lateral posterior condyle in the PS‐TKA mode group decreased by 2.0 ± 1.1 and 1.1 ± 1.1 mm, respectively, and the external rotation of the femoral prosthesis relative to the posterior condylar axis and trans‐epicondylar line was reduced by 1.0° ± 1.3° and 1.2° ± 1.6°, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The release of the PCL did not affect the extension gap, but significantly increased the flexion gap. Moreover, the increases in the medial flexion gap were greater than those of the lateral flexion gap. After PCL resection, less external rotation of the femoral prosthesis and fewer bone cuts of the posterior femur were needed in PS‐TKA.
The role of beta‐carotene in cattle infertility, mastitis and milk yield: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Demeli Anıl , Meyer James C.
Published: June 2024

The impact of beta‐carotene on cattle fertility has been investigated in various studies; however, consensus on this issue has not been reached. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and meta‐analysed 29 publications conducted between 1984 and 2022, focusing on seven fertility measures, clinical mastitis and milk yield in cows. We did not find statistically significant results in 8 out of 11 parameters (p > .05). Statistically significant results were observed for milk yield (MD: 216.25 kg in 305 days, p = .01, CI: 50.73–381.77), pregnancy at first service (OR: 1.38 CI: 1.08–1.76, p = .01) and clinical mastitis (OR: 0.59, CI: 0.44–0.80, p = .006) in favour of beta‐carotene supplementation. The meta‐regression revealed significant effects of ‘plasma beta‐carotene levels’ on ‘service to per pregnancy’ and dose on ‘milk yield’ (p = .04 and p = 0). In binary outcomes, ‘dose × day’ and ‘plasma beta‐carotene concentration in the control group’ positively influenced pregnancy at first service (p = .02 and .03). In conclusion, given the positive point direction observed for some variables and insignificant results for others, there is a need for more studies. We note the very high heterogeneity of outcomes and suggest caution in interpreting results.
Treatable traits in pre‐COPD: Time to extend the treatable traits paradigm beyond established disease
Authors: Dharmage Shyamali C. , Faner Rosa , Agustí Alvar
Published: June 2024

To date, the treatable traits (TTs) approach has been applied in the context of managing diagnosed diseases. TTs are clinical characteristics and risk factors that can be identified clinically and/or biologically, and that merit treatment if present. There has been an exponential increase in the uptake of this approach by both researchers and clinicians. Realizing the potential of the TTs approach to pre‐clinical disease, this expert review proposes that it is timely to consider acting on TTs present before a clinical diagnosis is made, which might help to prevent development of the full disease. Such an approach is ideal for diseases where there is a long pre‐clinical phase, such as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The term ‘pre‐COPD’ has been recently proposed to identify patients with respiratory symptoms and/or structural or functional abnormalities without airflow limitation. They may eventually develop airflow limitation with time but patients with pre‐COPD are likely to have traits that are already treatable. This review first outlines the contribution of recently generated knowledge into lifetime lung function trajectories and the conceptual framework of ‘GETomics’ to the field of pre‐COPD. GETomics is a dynamic and cumulative model of interactions between genes and the environment throughout the lifetime that integrates information from multi‐omics to understand aetiology and mechanisms of diseases. This review then discusses the current evidence on potential TTs in pre‐COPD patients and makes recommendations for practice and future research. At a broader level, this review proposes that introducing the TTs in pre‐COPD may help reenergize the preventive approaches to health and diseases.

image
Is socially responsible capitalism truly polarizing?
Authors: Stone Daniel F. , Lees Jeffrey
Published: June 2024

Objective

We assess the hypothesis that socially responsible capitalism (SRC) is fundamentally partisan and primarily supported by people on the left, or whether this perception is another example of “false polarization”—overestimation of disagreement between the left and right.

Methods

We conduct two studies: (1) a survey of Americans' opinions on a general definition of SRC and five examples of recent prominent firm actions corresponding to distinct areas of SRC (n = 1000, representative sample) and (2) an incentivized survey on second‐order beliefs about results from the first survey (n = 605, quota‐matched convenience sample). We conduct statistical tests of the accuracy of second‐order beliefs about polarization between Democrats and Republicans in support for SRC and correlates of this accuracy.

Results

Large majorities of Democrats and Republicans support examples of corporate behavior from three of the five areas of SRC, but opinions are somewhat divided across the parties on support for SRC as a concept, and highly divided for the SRC examples on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and climate change. Both Democrats and Republicans generally underestimate SRC support from partisans on both sides except for DEI, which both parties overestimate support for. SRC support is especially underestimated by people opposed to SRC and people with no opinion on SRC. Democrats overestimate polarization in support for SRC. Overestimation of polarization in SRC support is correlated with affective polarization.

Conclusion

Bipartisan support for SRC is underappreciated, but some aspects of SRC are polarizing or even more polarizing than commonly perceived. Republican opposition to SRC may be partially due to underestimation of copartisan support for SRC. A focus in the news and popular discourse on the more polarizing aspects of SRC may contribute to a general perception that support for SRC is more polarized than it truly is.
Evolutionary genomics of two diploid goat grass species belonging to the section Sitopsis of Aegilops, Aegilops longissima, and Aegilops sharonensis
Authors: Xun Hongwei , Lv Ruili , Yu Yue , Yao Jinyang , Wang Ruisi , Sha Yan , Wang Han , Zhang Deshi , Xu Chunming , Wang Tianya , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Bao , Gong Lei
Published: June 2024

Aegilops longissima and Ae. sharonensis, being classified into the Sitopsis section of genus Aegilops, are distinct species both taxonomically and ecologically. Nevertheless, earlier observations indicate that the two species are not reproductively isolated to full extent and can inter‐bred upon secondary contact. However, the genomic underpinnings of the morpho‐ecological differentiation between the two foci species remained unexplored. Here, we resequenced 31 representative accessions of the two species and conducted in‐depth comparative genomic analyses. We demonstrate recurrent and ongoing natural hybridizations between Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis, and depict features of genome composition of the resultant hybrids at both individual and population levels. We also delineate genomic regions and candidate genes potentially underpinning the differential morphological and edaphic adaptations of the two species. Intriguingly, a binary morphology was observed in the hybrids, suggesting existence of highly diverged genomic regions that remain uneroded by the admixtures. Together, our results provide new insights into the molding effects of interspecific hybridization on genome composition and mechanisms preventing merge of the two species.
Factors Affecting Land Titling during Regularization of Informal Settlements in Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Wankogere Simion Daudi , Alananga Samwel Sanga
Published: June 2024

The nature and characteristics of informal settlements in Tanzania indicates that informal landholders face a number of constraints attributable to weak land tenure security. In the beginning of 2016, the government undertook major initiatives to regularize informal settlements with limited success on land title uptake. This paper investigates the landholders’ willingness to change land tenure status and constraints faced thereof based on a dataset of 228 questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions from informal settlements land occupiers in three wards of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. The findings indicate that despite a relatively lower rate of land title uptakes in the study areas, landholders are relatively more willing to change their land tenure status. Among the constraints identified include the costs and longer time taken to process the titles which were observed to be the most serious obstacles. Moreover, the oldest age group was observed to be the most reluctant age group to change tenure status when compared to relatively younger age groups although they were mostly aware of the benefits of changing tenure status. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, during title processing, the oldest age group faced the least constraints among the age groups studied. Since the oldest age group are the majority landholders, their reluctance to process title documents significantly reduces the number of title documents issued. In terms of education, the findings show that the highly educated groups have relatively lower willingness to change tenure status than other education groups. Such observation suggests that the more a landholder is educated, the more he or she is aware of the title benefit but the less likely him or her is to process a land title document. In terms of policy implication, for the poor class in informal settlement, regularization cost reduction could be an effective means to facilitate take up of land titles during regularization program though the same policy initiative may not work among the highly educated. For the highly educated and probably the rich, an informality tax could work, provided cheaper mechanisms to collect such tax are devised.
How much different is the semi-quantification of synovitis according to the ultrasound system and the blood flow detection technology?
Authors: Iagnocco Annamaria , Martínez-Estupiñán Lina , Figus Fabiana , Olivas-Vergara Otto , Zabotti Alen , Borges Pablo , Agnes Cecilia , Zanetti Anna , Rozza Davide , Naredo Esperanza
Published: June 2024

Aim: To compare synovial blood flow scoring between different technologies and ultrasound (US) systems in active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. Fifty-nine RA patients underwent B-mode, power Doppler (PD), colour Doppler (CD), B-Flow and High-Resolution (High-Res) PDI assessments of 6 joints with two US systems at two European centres. Each joint was semi-quantitatively scored for all ultrasound parameters. PD, CD and High-Res PDI synovial signal was also quantitatively scored.Results. Correlations between the total score of SH with system 1 and 2 were very high (≥ 0.90, p<0.0001). Baseline correlations between systems for PD and CD total scores were moderate to very high (0.44-0.96, p<0.05). At baseline, there were no significant differences between ultrasound systems for PD or CD semiquantitative-based total scores in active or inactive patients (p>0,05). B-Flow and High-Res total scores were significantly lower than PD or CD total scores (p<0.05).Conclusion. A high-end and an entry-level US system were interchangeable for scoring SH and showed similar sensitivity and responsiveness in scoring synovial blood flow by PD and CD but not interchangeability. B-Flow and High-Res PDI were responsive, but they showed different sensitivity to detect synovial blood flow compared to conventional Doppler
A Novel Behavioral Intervention to Enhance Physical Activity for Older Veterans in a Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Stutzbach Julie A. , Hare Kristine S. , Gustavson Allison M. , Derlein Danielle L. , Kellogg Andrea L. , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E.
Published: June 2024

Physical activity levels during skilled nursing facility (SNF) rehabilitation fall far below what is needed for successful community living and to prevent adverse events. This feasibility study’s purpose was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve physical activity in patients admitted to SNFs for short-term rehabilitation. High-Intensity Rehabilitation plus Mobility combined a high-intensity (i.e., high weight, low repetition), progressive (increasing in difficulty over time), and functional resistance rehabilitation intervention with a behavioral economics-based physical activity program. The behavioral economics component included five mobility sessions/week with structured goal setting, gamification, and loss aversion (the idea that people are more likely to change a behavior in response to a potential loss over a potential gain). SNF physical therapists, occupational therapists, and a mobility coach implemented the High-Intensity Rehabilitation plus Mobility protocol with older Veterans (n = 18) from a single SNF. Participants demonstrated high adherence to the mobility protocol and were highly satisfied with their rehabilitation. Treatment fidelity scores for clinicians were ≥95%. We did not observe a hypothesized 40% improvement in step counts or time spent upright. However, High-Intensity Rehabilitation plus Mobility participants made clinically important improvements in short physical performance battery scores and gait speed from admission to discharge that were qualitatively similar to or slightly higher than historical cohorts from the same SNF that had received usual care or high-intensity rehabilitation alone. These results suggest a structured physical activity program can be feasibly combined with high-intensity rehabilitation for SNF residents following a hospital stay.
A Practice Guide for Physical Therapists Prescribing Physical Exercise for Older Adults
Authors: Baptista Frederico M. , Andias Rosa , Rocha Nelson P. , Silva Anabela G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Physical activity and exercise are protective factors for physical and cognitive decline in older adults, but recent studies reveal that a large percentage of this population do not practice exercise at the levels recommended by international guidelines. The frequency, intensity, type, time, volume, and progression (FITT-VP) principles are a widely used method for prescribing physical exercise, allowing the development of a personalized exercise program that meets the needs of each individual. Objectives: This masterclass is intended to serve as a professional application tool for physical therapists who prescribe physical exercise for older adults. We present a section for each FITT-VP principle to facilitate handling these principles individually when prescribing exercise for this population. Methods: Review of the scientific literature and international guidelines on the prescription of physical exercises for older adults. Results: Aerobic, mobility, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises, as well as functional training, should be included in an exercise program for older adults, which should be progressed using different methods for each of the exercise modalities. Conclusions: An exercise program for older adults should integrate different exercise modalities. Exercise progression should be performed following the FITT-VP principles and some specific progression factors recommended for each exercise modality. Significance: Considering the challenge faced by clinicians in designing a viable exercise program for older adults that responds to international recommendations, with this masterclass we hope to help physical therapists to plan an exercise program that is feasible and at the same time, responds to the expected needs of this population.
Cohesion and Heterosexist Attitudes in Men’s Collegiate Athletics
Authors: Mullin Elizabeth M. , Halbrook Meghan K. , Socolow Ryan , Bottino Anna
Published: June 2024

While attitudes toward gay men in sport have improved, sexual prejudice persists in sport, with the potential to decrease team social bonds. We examined the relationship between heterosexist attitudes and cohesion in men’s collegiate sports. Male college athletes (N = 264) completed the Heterosexist Attitudes in Sport–Gay Men scale and the Group Environment Questionnaire. We found a significant multivariate relationship among heterosexist attitudes and cohesion, Λ = .88, F(8, 518) = 4.28, p < .001, with 10.6% overlapping variance between the two variate sets. Cognitive/affective heterosexist attitudes, attraction to group-task, group integration-task, and group integration-social contributed to the relationship. Heterosexism and sexual prejudice may serve as distractions from team objectives. Mental performance consultants working within men’s college sport should challenge negative stereotypes of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer individuals; reward inclusive efforts; and leverage team building to reduce heterosexism in sport.
To B or not to B
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: June 2024

Apoptosis of immature peripheral B cells may be due to a lack of survival signals rather than clonal deletion.
Behavioral assessment of soft skill development in a highly structured pre-health biology course for undergraduates
Authors: Tran Joanne , Meller Leo , Le Vy , Tam Jasmine , Nicholas Andrea
Published: June 2024

In this study, we assessed a highly structured, yearlong, case-based course designed for undergraduate pre-health students. We incorporated both content learning assessments and developed a novel method called Multiple Mini Exams for assessing course impact on the development of skills that professional schools often seek in pre-health students, focusing on students’ abilities to collaborate with others, display bedside manners, synthesize patient case details, appropriately use scientific and medical language, and effectively attain patients’ medical histories. This novel method utilized a rubric based on desired medical student skills to score videotaped behaviors and interactions of students role playing as doctors in a hypothetical patient case study scenario. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a highly structured course, incorporating weekly student performance and presentation of patient cases encompassing history taking, diagnosis, and treatment, can result in content learning, as well as improve desired skills specific for success in medical fields.
Genome sequence of bacteriophage Janeemi isolated on
Arthrobacter globiformis
from soil collected in New York
Authors: Patel Yamini , Patel Vrushali P. , Syeda Amna , Saji Hannah , Gibb Bryan P.
Published: June 2024

Janeemi is a bacteriophage that infects
Arthrobacter globiformis
B-2880, which was isolated from soil collected in New York City. The genome has a length of 43,877 bp and contains 69 predicted genes. Based on gene content similarity to phages in the actinobacteriophage database, Janeemi is assigned to phage cluster AZ1.
Draft genome of the marine bacterium
Alteromonas gracilis
strain J4 isolated from the green coenocytic alga
Caulerpa prolifera
Authors: van Duijnhoven Hannah J. , Dombrowski Nina , Kuperus Peter , Aires Tânia , Coelho Márcio A.G. , Silva João , Muyzer Gerard , Engelen Aschwin H.
Published: June 2024

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Alteromonas gracilis
strain J4, isolated from the green macroalga
Caulerpa prolifera
. The draft genome is 4,492,914 bp in size and contains 4,719 coding DNA sequences, 67 tRNAs, and 16 rRNA-coding genes. Strain J4 may exhibit host growth-promoting properties.
Complete genome of
Pseudomonas putida
strain WBB028 isolated from leaf litter
Authors: Pelletier D. A. , Alexander W. , Burdick L. H. , Rush T. A. , Tannous J. , Webb A. B. , Morrell-Falvey J. L.
Published: June 2024

We report the complete genome of
Pseudomonas putida
strain WBB028, which exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity. This strain was isolated from leaf litter collected at Walker Branch Watershed located on the Oak Ridge Reservation in eastern Tennessee (35.9614 N 84.2864 W). The genome is 6.3 Mbp with a 62.5% GC content.
Complete genome sequence of strain
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
beLP1 a potential probiotic strain with antimicrobial properties isolated from kimchi
Authors: Han Kwon Il , Shin Hyun-Dong , Lee Yura , Baek Sunhwa , Moon Eunjung , Park Youn Bum , Cho Junhui , Lee Jin-Ho , Manoharan Ranjith Kumar
Published: June 2024

The complete genome of the potential probiotic
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
strain beLP1, isolated from kimchi in South Korea, was sequenced using Illumina and PacBio technologies. The genome comprises one circular chromosome and one plasmid without antimicrobial resistance genes.
Metagenome-assembled genome sequences of two bacterial species from polyvinyl alcohol-degrading co-colonies
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Asano Sota , Nambu Masashi , Ishiguro Nanami , Tanikawa Atsushi , Naganuma Nobuaki
Published: June 2024

We present the metagenome-assembled genome sequences of two polyvinyl alcohol-degrading co-colony-derived bacterial species relative to
Rhodanobacter
sp. DHB23 and
Priestia megaterium
ATCC 14581. We estimated the genomes of these species to be 3,476,996- and 5,169,587-bp long (for
Rhodanobacter
sp. DHB23 and
Priestia megaterium
ATCC 14581, respectively).