bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Management in Improving the Quality of Graduates Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) in Sukabumi District
Authors: Armaludin Usman , Wasliman Iim , Rostini Deti
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by the existence of an interesting phenomenon in the implementation of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) in Sukabumi Regency. The regional government 's very strong attention to religious education in Sukabumi District , the lack of conditions for MDTA infrastructure, inadequate learning management at MDTA, limited sources of activity funds, and the structure of the MDTA curriculum that has not been fully understood have become the focus of problems in this research. This study presents the results of research on Learning Management in Improving the Quality of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Graduates in Sukabumi District. This study is a qualitative research with descriptive methods were performed on MDTA in three (3) the District, the District, Cicantaya n , Caringin and Cisaat. The data collection technique combines field observations, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Inductive data analysis resulted in the following conclusions: in general, the management of Learning in Improving the Quality of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Graduates (MDTA) in Cicantayan, Caringin and Cisaat Districts, Sukabumi Regency has not run optimally. In particular, first, the policy product of the Sukabumi Regency Government in the provision of education at MDTA has been successfully implemented even though the realization of the operational assistance budget and the pattern of guidance and supervision are still not optimal. Second, the achievements of the results of the implementation of learning at MDTA so far have been sufficient to meet the graduation standards of students, but in the implementation of learning activities still do not meet the standards of the learning process. Third, there are some inhibiting factors faced in the form of limited budget, weak understanding of the methodology and the mindset of teachers in learning, inadequate learning facilities, and the absence of a national madrasah diniyah curriculum standard. Fourth, the future demands are in the form of community support for the development of MDTA with a modern and innovative perspective, the formation of the diniyah teachers' deliberation forums and the professional training of teachers. Fifth, several improvements have been made in the form of holding MDTA accreditation and strengthening the Diniyah Takmiliyah Communication Forum (FKDT). And the sixth is the impact obtained from the implementation of education at MDTA in the form of a religious community environment, holding back the moral decadence of the younger generation and creating religious figures in the Cicantayan, Caringin and Cisaat Districts. This study also offers a hypothetical model for the application of learning management to MDTA.
‘Do not dare speak of Scientology in France!’
Authors: Rigal-Cellard Bernadette
Published: March 2021

In this article I contrast the ease with which I have always been able to study Scientology with the near impossibility to speak about my research in France unless it is to attack the Church, considered as the epitome of the dangerous tentacular cult. Any factual presentation of its origins and workings will be interpreted as a biased promotion of this dangerous ‘secte.’ I narrate a year-long attack by anti-cultists against my work and against CESNUR.
Apostate Memoirs and the Study of Scientology in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: March 2021

The Church of Scientology (CoS) under L. Ron Hubbard (1911- 1986) pursued an aggressive strategy of shutting down critics and protecting its reputation. This policy, known as ‘Fair Game’, resulted in limited scholarly engagement with Scientology, in part due to difficulties in accessing reliable sources. From 2008 onward highprofile defectors published memoirs of their lives in CoS, multiplying source materials available to scholars. This article argues that these texts, which have been sidelined because of the hostility that the authors express towards CoS, are valid when carefully integrated into the fabric of available material on Scientology, which includes scholarly assessments, journalistic accounts, and a range of primary sources, of varying provenances.
New Directions in the Study of Scientology - Transcript
Authors: Robertson David , Cusack Carole M. , Gregg Stephen , Thomas Aled
Published: March 2021

Recorded 19 November 2018. Transcribed by Helen Bradstock.
Researching and Teaching Scientology
Authors: Gregg Stephen E.
Published: March 2021

The academic study of Scientology (most often meant to mean the Church of Scientology) is complicated by a problematical inherited discourse between media, academics (and their students) and the Church of Scientology. In this short reflection piece, it is argued that this discourse should be understood within a wider context of attitudes to the study of New Religions within the academy, and the impact of CoS engagement with mainstream media. Additionally, it is argued that the preconceptions of both students and CoS representatives reflect these discourses, which in-turn impact not only upon research and teaching about Scientology, but also upon public projections of religious identity by the CoS. Referencing recent frameworks of Lived/Represented/Reported Religion, the article suggests that the study of diverse and everyday Scientology may offer a fruitful approach to future scholarship.
Introduction
Authors: Taylor Bron
Published: March 2021

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Sigurd Bergmann and Forrest Clingerman (eds.), Arts, Religion, and the Environment: Exploring Nature’s Texture
Authors: Cochrane Laura L.
Published: March 2021

Sigurd Bergmann and Forrest Clingerman (eds.), Arts, Religion, and the Environment: Exploring Nature’s Texture (Leiden and Boston: Brill Rodopi, 2018), 220 pp., $109.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-90-04-35535-4.
Jason M. Wirth, Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth: Reading Gary Snyder and Dogen in an Age of Ecological Crisis
Authors: Harry Owen
Published: March 2021

Jason M. Wirth, Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth: Reading Gary Snyder and Dogen in an Age of Ecological Crisis (New York: SUNY, 2017), 147 pp., $20.95 (pbk), ISBN 978- 1-4384-6542-5.
Fazlun M. Khalid, Signs on the Earth: Islam, Modernity and the Climate Crisis
Authors: Foltz Richard
Published: March 2021

Fazlun M. Khalid, Signs on the Earth: Islam, Modernity and the Climate Crisis (Markleld, UK: Kube, 2019), 249 pp., $18.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1847740755.
Determining patterns in the use of finishing formulations for trimming the Crust leather
Authors: Lуpskyі Tymofiі , Pervaia Nataliia , Okhmat Olena , Mokrousova Olena , Babych Аntonina
Published: March 2021

This paper has considered the possibility of using new finishing formulations to finish the Crust leather, manufactured from cattle raw materials aimed to finish shoes and leather garments.The quality indicators of finishing formulations and their elementary chemical composition have been investigated. It was found that the finishing formulations possess a high covering capacity due to the presence of mineral pigments in their composition. X-ray fluorescent analysis has proven that the presence of chromium pigments and copper compounds renders the green color to the composition; the compounds of cobalt, copper, iron, chromium ‒ blue color; cobalt compounds ‒ reddish-brown color.It has been established that the finishing formulations are resistant to the effect of electrolytes of different nature over a wide pH interval, from 2 to 11.When determining the uniformity of the composition by using a chromatography method involving fan-shaped paper, it was found that the composition of blue has a pronounced purple hue, of reddish-brown – red.The effectiveness of the use of finishing formulations to finish the Crust leather has been proven by determining the indicators of its quality. The finishing formulations give the Crust high resistance to dry (exceeding 500 rotations) and wet friction (exceeding 150 rotations), multiple bending (exceeding 50,000 rotations), the effect of water (2 to 5 points), and organic solvents (2 to 4 points). At the same time, the finishing formulations are characterized by rapid diffusion into the structure of the leather with a natural front surface with the simultaneous provision of specific properties to it. Specifically: water-repelling properties (hydrophobicity), shine, wax grain, matte, saturated homogeneous color. The leather with the introduced finishing formulations does not require fixing the resulting coating with water-based varnish.It is recommended to use the finishing formulations in the production of Crust leather shoe top by applying them onto the surface by spraying or using a brush to create the desired effect
A study of bioethanol fuel characteristics in the combustion chamber of gasoline engine using magnetization technology
Authors: Ulfiana Andi , Nufus Tatun Hayatun , Ridwan Emir , Ekayuliana Arifia , Abadi Cecep Slamet , Apriana Asep , Susanto Iwan
Published: March 2021

Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second.  The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete
Estimating the dynamics of a machine-tractor assembly considering the effect of the supporting surface profile
Authors: Galych Ivan , Antoshchenkov Roman , Antoshchenkov Viktor , Lukjanov Igor , Diundik Sergey , Kis Oleksandr
Published: March 2021

Results of theoretical studies of dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly taking into account the influence of a bearing surface profile were presented. It was established that in the course of operation, the machine-tractor assembly is exposed to a number of external factors leading to a change of vertical loads on the chassis and the engine. Mathematical models of dynamics of a tractor and a machine and a tractor unit consisting of a tractor of pivotally connected arrangement and a trailed sower were constructed. Such models make it possible to study dynamics and oscillatory processes of multi-element units. A mathematical model of tractor wheel dynamics was formed. Speeds and angles of orientation of elements of the machine-tractor assembly in space were determined. Influence of profile of the bearing surface on the unit elements when moving in the field prepared for sowing and the field after plowing was calculated. Theoretical studies of the influence of the bearing surface profile on dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly were performed on the example of KhTZ-242K tractor and Vega-8 Profi sower (Ukraine). When moving, the sower frame has a smaller amplitude of vibration accelerations than that of the tractor. Accordingly, the tractor has higher oscillation energy because it rests on the ground through its wheels having appropriate stiffness. The sower moves with its working bodies immersed into the soil which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of oscillations. The highest energy of amplitude of oscillation accelerations of the sower frame in the vertical direction was observed at frequencies of 15.9; 23.44; 35.3 and 42.87 Hz. It was found that the increase in working speeds of agricultural units leads to the fact that oscillations of all components reach significant values. This entails an increase in dynamic loads on soil and, as a consequence, its compaction
Devising technology for utilizing water treatment waste to produce ceramic building materials
Authors: Spasonova Larysa , Subota Іrіna , Sholom Аnastasia
Published: March 2021

Based on the modern ideas about environmental protection, this paper reports a study into the utilization of water-treated waste from heavy metals (using copper(II) compounds as an example) for the manufacture of ceramic building materials. The examined clay minerals from local deposits and the optimal conditions for their heat treatment (at 1,100 °C) have been proposed for the sorption removal of pollutants of inorganic origin from wastewater. The use of wastewater after its treatment makes it possible to address several tasks at the same time: to protect the environment from pollution by technological wastewater, as well as to reuse wastewater in order to resolve the issue of water scarcity. Ceramic building materials were manufactured based on water purification waste (in the amount of 5 %) and clay raw materials. Their structural-mechanical and physicochemical characteristics have been comprehensively studied. Sintering processes begin at lower temperatures, which is why, with an increase in the annealing temperature to 1,000 °C and higher, their strength rapidly decreases. In the temperature range of 600‒1,100 °C, there are possibilities to apply ceramic technology to immobilize heavy metals in ceramic matrices. The prospect of utilizing water purification waste in the technological process of manufacturing inorganic ceramic materials has been shown. The safety of the building materials, manufactured by leaching pollutants from the ceramic samples using various aggressive environments (leaching to 6.4 %, 0.083 mg·cm2/day) has been investigated. The high strength and degree of the copper ion fixation in the structure of polymineral clay have been confirmed while secondary environmental pollution is almost absent
Improvement of methods for calculating thermal characteristics of loop air heaters
Authors: Yurko Volodymyr , Ganzha Anton , Tarasenko Oleksandra , Tiutiunyk Larysa
Published: March 2021

Utilization of heat from gases leaving the waelz process is a promising way to increase its energy efficiency and environmental safety. Taking into account the gas dustiness, the most rational is the use of a loop air heater, which is a multi-pass and multi-section heat exchanger with a complex mixed scheme of coolant movement. In modern conditions, when the methods and means of calculation of such devices are simplified, the task of obtaining improved methods and means of calculation, determining the efficiency and reliability of their work is relevant.
Two mathematical models of the process of heat transfer and hydroaerodynamics in a multi-pass tubular air heater with a cross-circuit of coolants are used. The developed models for the loop air heater are based on the main methods of thermal calculation: a simpler method of correction factor to the average logarithmic temperature pressure and a discrete P-NTU method, which allows obtaining local thermal characteristics of the surface. Diagrams of distribution of heat transfer coefficients, heat transfer, local temperatures of flue gases, air and pipe walls are constructed. The influence of dust and dust particle size on heat transfer is determined. When the flue gas dust is 50 g/Nm3 and with a dust particle size of 1 μm, the heat transfer coefficient increases by 12 %. The application of the air heater design with different schemes of coolant movement is substantiated.
The developed universal methods allow determining the thermal productivity of heat exchangers and obtaining the distribution of local temperature characteristics on the heating surface. It is also possible to identify places of possible overheating of the heat exchange surface and the course of corrosion processes, taking into account the design of recuperators, operating conditions, operating modes and different schemes of coolant movement
Design and development of a new portable roof gutter for electricity production
Authors: Alwan Omar Hussein , Mustafa Faiz. F. , Ghaeb Nebras H. , Sabry Ahmed H.
Published: March 2021

Despite a sufficient energy supply, harvesting energy from rainfall is essential for intelligent water management. A significant part is still untapped or little exploited, which is the renewable energy produced from rainwater. This paper proposes a portable gutter of the rainwater energy harvesting system to provide electricity that may be sufficient for powering lights and charging cell phones in rainy locations with limited electricity. A prototype is designed and tested to determine the feasibility of rainwater as a source of renewable energy. The aim is to minimize and respectively suspend the use of fossil energy sources, as well as decrease the percentage of pollution as it is a cause of global warming. The system prototype consisted of a gutter assembly that collected and funneled water from the roof to a downspout. The turbine was connected through a gearbox to a DC motor serving as the generator. The device is optimal during high rainfall intensities that produce larger flow rates. A smart algorithm has been applied, which is salutary to keep the system working and has the ability to control the flow of collected rainfall water. Also, this system is useful to install and use in the rural area where the national grids are not common and the level of rainfall is high. The applied system utilized and installed in more than one hundred premises can produce more than 4 kWh for one rain. In some countries such as Malaysia, the average number of rainy days is 250 days a year, so the use of this system in 100 premises can help to provide 80 MWh to the national grid yearly. The system is characterized by simplicity of design and lack of complexity in addition to ease of installation and cheapness, which is the basis for the availability of this system for use by everyone
LSB steganography strengthen footprint biometric template
Authors: Khudher Israa Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Steganography is the science of hiding secret data inside another data type as image and text. This data is known as carrier data; it lets people interconnect secretly. This suggested paper aims to design a Steganography Biometric Imaging System (SBIS). The system is constructed in a hybridization manner between image processing, steganography, and artificial intelligence techniques. During image processing techniques the system receives RGB foot-tip images and preprocesses the images to get foot-template images. Then a chain code is illustrated for personal information within the foot-template image by Least Significant Bit (LSB). Accurate recognition operation is performed by artificial bee colony optimization (ABC). The automated system was tested on a live-took about ninety RGB foot-tip images known as the cover image and clustered to nine clusters that authorized visual database. The Least Significant Bit method transforms the foot template to a stego image and is stored on a stego visual database for further use. Features database was constructed for each stego footprint template. This step converts the image to quantities data and stored in an Excel feature database file. The quantities data was used at the recognition stage to produce either a notification of rejection or acceptance. At the acceptance choice, the corresponding stego foot-tip template occurrence was retrieved, it is corresponding individual data were extracted and cluster position on the stego template visual database. Indeed, the foot-tip template is displayed. The suggested work consequence is affected by the optimum feature selection via the artificial bee colony optimization usage and clustering, which declined the complication and subsequently raised the recognition rate to 93.65 %. This rate competes out the technique over others’ techniques in the field of biometric recognition
Designing a computerized information processing system to build a movement trajectory of an unmanned aircraft
Authors: Kvasnikov Volodymyr , Ornatskyi Dmytro , Graf Maryna , Shelukha Oleksii
Published: March 2021

This paper addresses the issue of developing a computerized system for processing information in the construction of the trajectory of an unmanned aircraft (UAC), a remotely-piloted aviation system (RPAS), or another robotic system. Resolving this task involves the neural network learning algorithms based on the mathematical model of movement.
The construction of such a trajectory between two specified destinations has been considered that provides for the possibility of bypassing static and dynamic obstacles. The specified trajectory is divided into several smaller parts. The possibility of restructuring when changing the position of obstacles in space has been considered. A UAC flight control algorithm has been developed, which implies training a neural network for bypassing obstacles of different sizes.
To predict the development of the situation when an object moves between two specified points in space, it is proposed to use the Q-Learning algorithm. It has been shown that the smallest number of steps required for moving along a specified trajectory is 18, the largest is 273 steps. In case of distortion during data transmission, the training of the neural network makes it possible to reduce the possibility of collision with obstacles by improving the accuracy and speed of information transfer between the on-board computer and operator. A system of the video support to moving objects was modeled; dependence charts of the normalized frame size at different parameter values were built. Using the charts makes it possible to determine the function of the maneuver intensity. Existing neural network learning methods such as CNN and LSTM were compared. It has been proven that the success rate reaches 74 % when using CNN only, while it amounts to 92 % at the hybrid application of CNN+LSTM. The simulation results have demonstrated the high efficiency of the developed algorithm
Constructing the models of programmed flight for path calculation in designing tactical and anti-aircraft guided missiles
Authors: Chubarov Anton
Published: March 2021

Several models of programmed flight have been constructed to perform calculations on flight path optimization in designing tactical and anti-aircraft-guided missiles. The developed models are based on the determination of interrelated programmed values of altitude and the flight path angle depending on the range which have a differential relationship. The combination of flight altitude and flight-path angle programs allows the users to simulate the steady flight of a guided missile to the calculated endpoint using the methods of proportional control.
Good correspondence of the developed models to the physics of flight was shown by assessing the quality of approximation of the developed models of flight paths of anti-aircraft guided missiles obtained using other known models. The obtained approximation error was less than 5 % which indicates a good correspondence of the developed models to the physics of flight.
Compliance of the developed models of programmed flight with the intended purpose and the advantage over the most common known models were proved by optimizing the flight paths of the anti-aircraft-guided missile. In most of the considered calculation cases, the value of the objective function was improved to 2.9 %. The flight path was optimized using a genetic algorithm.
The developed models have a simple algebraic form and a small number of control parameters are presented in a ready-to-use form and do not require refinement for a concrete task. This allows them to be implemented in design practice without spending much time to speed up the calculation of optimal design variables and optimal flight paths of tactical and anti-aircraft-guided missiles
Modeling the dynamic properties of iii-nitrides in strong electric fields
Authors: Kulikov Kostyantyn , Moskaliuk Vladimir , Timofeyev Vladimir
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a method of modeling the dynamic properties of multi-valley semiconductors. The model is applied to the relevant materials GaN, AlN, and InN, which are now known by the general name of III-nitrides. The method is distinguished by economical use of computational resources without significant loss of accuracy and the possibility of application for both dynamic time-dependent tasks and the fields variable in space.
The proposed approach is based on solving a system of differential equations, which are known as relaxation ones, and derived from the Boltzmann kinetic equation in the approximation of relaxation time by the function of distribution over k-space. Unlike the conventional system of equations for the concentration of carriers, their pulse and energy, we have used, instead of the energy relaxation equation, an equation of electronic temperature as a measure of the energy of the chaotic motion only. Relaxation times are defined not as integral values from the static characteristics of the material but the averaging of quantum-mechanic speeds for certain types of scattering is used. Averaging was carried out according to the Maxwellian distribution function in the approximation of electronic temperature, as a result of which various mechanisms of dispersion of carriers are taken into consideration through specific relaxation times. The system of equations includes equations in partial derivatives from time and coordinates, which makes it possible to investigate the pulse properties of the examined materials. In particular, the dynamic effect of the "overshoot" in drift velocity and a spatial "ballistic transport" of carriers.
The use of Fourier transforms of pulse dependence of the drift carrier velocity to calculate maximum conductivity frequencies is considered. It has been shown that the limit frequencies are hundreds of gigahertz and, for aluminum nitride, exceed a thousand gigahertz
Effects of the rate of natural gas production on the recovery factor during carbon dioxide injection at the initial gas-water contact
Authors: Matkivskyi Serhii
Published: March 2021

The object of research is gas condensate reservoirs, which is being developed under the conditions of the manifestation of the water drive of development and the negative effect of formation water on the process of natural gas production. The results of the performed theoretical and experimental studies show that a promising direction for increasing hydrocarbon recovery from fields at the final stage of development is the displacement of natural gas to producing wells by injection non-hydrocarbon gases into productive reservoirs. The final gas recovery factor according to the results of laboratory studies in the case of injection of non-hydrocarbon gases into productive reservoirs depends on the type of displacing agent and the level heterogeneity of reservoir. With the purpose update the existing technologies for the development of fields in conditions of the showing of water drive, the technology of injection carbon dioxide into productive reservoirs at the boundary of the gas-water contact was studied using a digital three-dimensional model of a gas condensate deposit. The study was carried out for various values of the rate of natural gas production. The production well rate for calculations is taken at the level of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 thousand m3/day. Based on the data obtained, it has been established that an increase in the rate of natural gas production has a positive effect on the development of a productive reservoir and leads to an increase in the gas recovery factor. Based on the results of statistical processing of the calculated data, the optimal value of the rate of natural gas production was determined when carbon dioxide is injected into the productive reservoir at the boundary of the gas-water contact is 55.93 thousand m3/day. The final gas recovery factor for the optimal natural gas production rate is 64.99 %. The results of the studies carried out indicate the technological efficiency of injecting carbon dioxide into productive reservoirs at the boundary of the gas-water contact in order to slow down the movement of formation water into productive reservoirs and increase the final gas recovery factor.
Use of plasmapheresis in treatment of patients with unfavorable anamnestic pregnancy outcomes coupled to antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Eremeeva D. R. , Zainulina M. S. , Dolgova Yu. S. , Shakhaliev R. A. , Silvanovich O. A. , Pavlova L. A.
Published: March 2021

Aim: to evaluate efficacy of plasmapheresis combined with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

Materials and Methods. 327 plasmapheresis sessions were performed for 75 patients: 17 (22.6 %) patients during preparation for pregnancy, 11 (19.0 %) pregnant women in the first trimester, 33 (56.9 %) pregnant women in the second trimester, and 34 (58.6 %) pregnant women in the third trimester. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) as well as included non-inclusion criteria in pregnant women with miscarriages and unfavorable anamnestic pregnancy outcome. 36 (62.1 %) women had pregnancy loss in anamnesis. All patients received low-dose ASA and LMWH therapy; 15 (25.86 %) pregnant women also received courses of intravenous immunoglobulins in the first and second trimesters.Results. 47 pregnant women had delivery, whereas 10 of women had pregnancy in progress. Term delivery was in 40 (85.1 %) patients, so that 23 (48.9 %) pregnant women had delivery per vias naturales. The average weight of the fetus was 3364.00 ± 393.76 g, height - 52.13 ± 1.82 cm. In 100 % cases, Apgar score was 8 points. 24 (51.1%) pregnant women had delivery via cesarean section. The average blood loss comprised 528.64 ± 166.10 ml. The average fetal weight in group after surgical delivery was 2982.14 ± 582.88 g, average height - 49.14 ± 4.09 cm, the Apgar score - 7.69 ± 0.47 points. Preterm births were observed in 7 (14.9%) cases, all via cesarean section. In 1 case, early fetal death was at gestational age of 8/9 weeks; according to the karyotyping data, a fetal chromosomal abnormality was detected. No severe obstetric complications were observed.Conclusions. Combining plasmapheresis with low dose LMWH and ASA therapy demonstrated high efficacy in treating obstetric APS manifested as high percentage of favorable pregnancy outcomes and low number of obstetric complications.
Epidemiology of pre invasive and invasive lesions of the cervix at tertiary health centre in Punjab
Authors: Bhardwaj Garima , Kaur Amritpal , Kaur Bagga Permeet
Published: March 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women globally, next to breast, colorectal and lung cancer and it is also the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women. According to the Indian council of medical research (ICMR), in India one woman dies of cervical cancer every 9 minutes. This study used PAP smear and histopathology to find out about the epidemiology of pre invasive and invasive lesions of the cervix at tertiary health centre in Punjab and their correlation with various social and demographic features.Methods: This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Amritsar Medical College from May 2018 to April 2020, after taking approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. The study selected 500 women randomly among the patients attending the Gynaecology OPD who met the inclusion criteria. Detailed history and PAP smear was taken at first visit followed by cervical biopsy amongst women with abnormal cytology report or with frank lesions of cervix.Results: Out of 500 women included in the study, majority of women (82.5%) were Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 4% women had Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 6.1% had low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 16 (3.2%) had High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Amongst the histopathology reporting 15.62% patients had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN I), 6.25% patients had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II (CIN II), 3.12% patients had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III), 6.3% patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 3.1% patient had adenocarcinoma of cervix. Age, low level of education, poor socioeconomic status, early marriage and multiparity are the risk factors found to be associated with pre invasive and invasive lesions of the cervix. (p<0.001).Conclusions: Though infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is essential for the development of the disease, there are other high-risk factors like age, poor education, low socioeconomic status, early age at marriage and high parity which are significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, our primary and secondary preventive measures must include the women who come under these high-risk categories.
Pulmonary function tests: a study among healthy individuals of different age groups in Akhnoor Tehsil
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Badyal Ashima
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary function tests may be affected by many factors like age, gender, race and body surface area of an individual. Lung functions decline throughout adult life, and healthy people are no exception. Aging is a universal progressive decline, but it is not a disease. The present study was done with an aim to establish the age effect on lung function test of healthy non-smoking people belonging to the rural belt of Jammu region.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 180 patients attending the OPD of department of medicine, sub-district hospital Akhnoor. With age ranging from 11 to 70 years, healthy individuals, non-smokers were selected for the study. Pulmonary tests like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were conducted.

Results: Younger population had a high value for FEV1 and PEFR showed a rise among age groups: 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 years, reaching up to 7.23±1.75 (L/sec), and then declining to reach 3.93±0.98 (L/sec) for the age group: >60 years. Almost all parameters showed a resembling ascends and decline with ageing. Lung function has further variability in older people, depending upon lung capacity at maturation time. This study was quite in line with the most of the research findings in the field, but done under a different social set up.

Conclusions: Considerable differences in the respiratory patterns of healthy individuals with ageing suggest that pulmonary function tests have to become a part of routine health examinations in elderly population.

 
Biological Agents in Allergic Disorders During COVID-19
Authors: Ghaffari Javad
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Chemoprophylatic, Ayurvedic, Homeopathic Approaches for COVID-19 Prophylaxis
Authors: Yadav Ramakant , Pathak Kamla , Pathak Devender , Kumar Raj
Published: March 2021

The world is grappling for US FDA-approved therapies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is the virus that has caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several pharmacological drugs are under various phases of clinical trials, and their current clinical use is primarily based on the in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 or related coronaviruses. While the efficacy of drug therapies is yet to be established, and the efficacy of the vaccine for COVID-19 is to be accomplished, we need to focus on prophylactic measures. The current article describes the chemoprophylactic, Ayurvedic, homeopathic, and Unani prophylactic approaches for combating COVID-19 based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of AYUSH, India. The article is based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of AYUSH, India. The proposed approaches have been supported by scientific evidence. The article also provides an outlook on the global scenario of herbal practices. In the absence of effective treatment, efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic heavily rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions such as personal preventive measures. The alternative system of medicine offers prophylactic solutions that are simple and inexpensive. These simple measures will go a long way in tackling the pandemic.
Immune Response to the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Infection: Possible Mechanism of Nutrition (Vitamins, Supplement) and Exercise
Authors: Alausa Abdullahi , Adeyemi Rofiat , Olaleke Barakat , Ismail Aminat , Sunday Oyelere Faith
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 infection, a ravaging disease attributed to a SARS-CoV-like illness, has brought the world to its knee, causing a pandemic, with human-human transmission as a major source of the spread of this ailment. Alarmingly, this infection based on clinical manifestations is diagnosed as virus-induced pneumonia, with over 5 million cases with a mortality rate of about 7% (based on the recently published global report). However, most deaths have been associated with patients with underlying immune dysfunction or a compromised immunesystem. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines have been reported, the strengthening of the immune system through nutritional intake and exercise is essential. Also, previous studies have documented the immune-activating capabilities of Vitamin A and D, along with supplementary induction, yielding positive results in combating previous viral challenges. Typically, the gradual upsurge of T-lymphocytes and immune cell activities has been implemented by moderate exercise activities. This review examines the role of nutrition and exercise in immune system enhancement and proposes the possible mechanism of nutrition and exercise in combating COVID-19 infection.
Treatment With Tocilizumab in a Patient With COVID-19
Authors: Abbaspour Kasgari Hamideh , Samaee Hamidreza , Alian Samakkhah Shahriar , Moradimajd Parisa
Published: March 2021

In late December 2019, a global outbreak (pandemic) of the coronavirus was reported, which WHO named 2019-nCoV. The virus is now spreading rapidly and has affected manycountries, including Iran. There is no definitive and effective treatment for this virus yet. This report aimed to define the effect of Tocilizumab in patient with COVID-19. This case report isabout a 52-year-old man with COVID-19 that has been treated with tocilizumab. The reported patient had an acceptable improvement in oxygen saturation but no significant change inlung CT scan. After 3 days treatment patient with Tocilizumab, extensive bilateral lungs involvement still exist but SPO2 level iimprovement up to 90%. According to the results, thisdrug had a positive impact on oxygen saturation. However, we cannot be certain whether this drug positively affected the patient’s coronavirus disease.
Application of Divisors on a Hyperelliptic Curve in Python
Authors: Boiko Denys
Published: March 2021

The paper studies hyperelliptic curves of the genus g > 1, divisors on them and their applications in Python programming language. The basic necessary definitions and known properties of hyperelliptic curves are demonstrated, as well as the notion of polynomial function, its representation in unique form, also the notion of rational function, norm, degree and conjugate to a polynomial are presented. These facts are needed to calculate the order of points of desirable functions, and thus to quickly and efficiently calculate divisors. The definition of a divisor on a hyperelliptic curve is shown, and the main known properties of a divisor are given. There are also an example of calculating a divisor of a polynomial function, reduced and semi-reduced divisors are described, theorem of the existence of such a not unique semi-reduced divisor, and theorem of the existence of a unique reduced divisor, which is equivalent to the initial one, are proved. In particular, a semi-reduced divisor can be represented as an GCD of divisors of two polynomial functions. It is also demonstrated that each reduced divisor can be represented in unique form by pair of polynomials [a(x), b(x)], which is called Mumford representation, and several examples of its representation calculation are given. There are shown Cantor’s algorithms for calculating the sum of two divisors: its compositional part, by means of which a not unique semi-reduced divisor is formed, and the reduction part, which gives us a unique reduced divisor. In particular, special case of the compositional part of Cantor’s algorithm, doubling of the divisor, is described: it significantly reduces algorithm time complexity. Also the correctness of the algorithms are proved, examples of applications are given. The main result of the work is the implementation of the divisor calculation of a polynomial function, its Mumford representation, and Cantor’s algorithm in Python programming language. Thus, the aim of the work is to demonstrate the possibility of e↵ective use of described algorithms for further work with divisors on the hyperelliptic curve, including the development of cryptosystem, digital signature based on hyperelliptic curves, attacks on such cryptosystems.
Generalization of Cross-Entropy Loss Function for Image Classification
Authors: Andreieva Valeria , Shvai Nadiia
Published: March 2021

Classification task is one of the most common tasks in machine learning. This supervised learning problem consists in assigning each input to one of a finite number of discrete categories. Classification task appears naturally in numerous applications, such as medical image processing, speech recognition, maintenance systems, accident detection, autonomous driving etc.In the last decade methods of deep learning have proven to be extremely efficient in multiple machine learning problems, including classification. Whereas the neural network architecture might depend a lot on data type and restrictions posed by the nature of the problem (for example, real-time applications), the process of its training (i.e. finding model’s parameters) is almost always presented as loss function optimization problem.Cross-entropy is a loss function often used for multiclass classification problems, as it allows to achieve high accuracy results.Here we propose to use a generalized version of this loss based on Renyi divergence and entropy. We remark that in case of binary labels proposed generalization is reduced to cross-entropy, thus we work in the context of soft labels. Specifically, we consider a problem of image classification being solved by application of convolution neural networks with mixup regularizer. The latter expands the training set by taking convex combination of pairs of data samples and corresponding labels. Consequently, labels are no longer binary (corresponding to single class), but have a form of vector of probabilities. In such settings cross-entropy and proposed generalization with Renyi divergence and entropy are distinct, and their comparison makes sense.To measure effectiveness of the proposed loss function we consider image classification problem on benchmark CIFAR-10 dataset. This dataset consists of 60000 images belonging to 10 classes, where images are color and have the size of 32×32. Training set consists of 50000 images, and the test set contains 10000 images.For the convolution neural network, we follow [1] where the same classification task was studied with respect to different loss functions and consider the same neural network architecture in order to obtain comparable results.Experiments demonstrate superiority of the proposed method over cross-entropy for loss function parameter value α < 1. For parameter value α > 1 proposed method shows worse results than cross-entropy loss function. Finally, parameter value α = 1 corresponds to cross-entropy.
Feminization of Indian Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Das Arghyadeep , Mohapatra Shruti , Patnaik Neela Madhav
Published: March 2021

After liberalization the Indian agriculture went through a phenomenon called feminization of agriculture which means increase the share of women in agricultural work force. However this feminization was not consistent with empowerment as still a these workforce are underpaid as compare to its male counterpart. The differences in participation between men and women workers were lowest to the states with higher share of workers in agriculture. In order to understand the factors determining this phenomenon, constraints causing the impediment the participation and policies to overcome it, a number of literature had been compiled in this paper. Feminization in agriculture occurred due to migration of male work force from agriculture. However, this phenomenon does not consistent with empowerment as women work force are always underpaid. Proportion of land utilized for food grain, per capita income, land holdings were some of the factors which were determining the women’s participation. In order to improve the situation for women government are now focusing on gender budgeting. Besides women’s participation in research work had been encouraging to develop technology which will be suitable for the use of women.