bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydration Chemistry of Cement Studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Prathumsuwan Thitarat , Christy Alfred A. , Thorstensen Rein Terje
Published: March 2018

Cement is a complex mixture of inorganic compounds which mainly composed of calcium silicates and calcium aluminates. Cement is mixed with water to form concrete. During the mixing calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium hydroxide are formed. The ratio of water/cement (w/c ratio) is important to obtain a mixture that gives optimum strength to the concrete. In this work, three different cement samples were mixed with water in four different ratios, including 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.55, respectively. The hydration process of cement was investigated by using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy over a period of 28 days. The combination frequency of OH stretching and bending of water molecules gives rise to an absorption around 5200 cm-1. This peak contains contributions of overtones from several types of water molecules in the cement. Fourth derivatives spectra of all cement samples showed three peaks in the combination band region of 5300-5100 cm-1. These peaks indicated the presence of three distinct types of water molecules in the system. First, the characteristic peak at 5260-5240 cm-1 represented the hydrogen bond between water molecules and silinol group of calcium silicates. This peak indicated the formation of CSH from hydration of cement. Furthermore, this peak experienced a slight red shift after a period of seven days indicating stronger hydrogen bonding of water molecules with silinol groups. The peak at 5130 cm-1 corresponded to hydrogen bonding between water molecules and the peak at 5165 cm-1 corresponded to hydrogen bonding between free water and bound water. The suitable w/c ratio for cement-1 is at 0.35-0.45, cement-2, and cement-3 are 0.45. In addition, real concrete sample showed two characteristic peaks at 5250 cm-1 and 5165 cm-1, demonstrating the presence of CSH and free water within concrete, respectively. Near infrared spectroscopy in combination with fourth derivative technique can be used to investigate the hydration chemistry of cement and concrete.
Effects of Octyl Phenyl Sulfoxide on the Hydration of Cement
Authors: Liu Chia Hsin , Kan Jo Chuan , Lee Maw Tien
Published: March 2018

Controlling the hydration rate of cement can influence the properties of cement hydrates. Many commercial cement retarders are mainly adopted for slowing down the rate of cement hydration. In this study, the surface of the cement particles was modified by an organic sulfoxide to retard the rate of cement hydration. The organic sulfoxide, octyl phenyl sulfoxide (OPS), was firstly synthesized by mixing 1-dodecanethiol with aryl iodide to produce organic sulfide, and then organic sulfide was oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide. The organic sulfoxide was identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Hydrates of cement and cement modified with OPS were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and powder X-Ray Diffraction (pXRD). Experimental results showed that OPS successfully reduced the rate of cement hydration and had positive effect on the long term microstructures of the harden cement paste.
Mg-La Co-Doped TiO2 as Compact Layer for High Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ekanayake Piyasiri , Rafieh Alwani Imanah , Mohammad Thamrin Norhafillah , Lim Chee Ming
Published: March 2018

A compact layer of TiO2, between FTO and mesoporous TiO2 layer of DSSC anode, has the ability to reduce the electron recombination while mesoporous TiO2 layer functions to collect and transport electrons injected by the photoexcited dye. In enhancing the desired functions of compact and mesoporous TiO2, we study the effects of co-doping it with Mg, Eu, and La. MgLa co-doped TiO2 as compact layer has demonstrated higher efficiency due to its increased oxygen vacancies and smaller particle size which results reduced recombination. The combination of pure and co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles to be selected as either compact or mesoporous layer of DSSC anode depends on their respective properties, as demonstrated in this paper.
Effect of Fibre Content on Splitting-Tensile Strength of Wheat Straw Reinforced Concrete for Pavement Applications
Authors: Farooqi Muhammad Usman , Ali Majid
Published: March 2018

Recent studies on compressive and flexural behavior of Wheat Straw Reinforced Concrete (WSRC) showed positive signs for increasing the toughness of concrete. This ultimately will help in reducing the micro-shrinkage cracking in rigid pavements. Splitting-tensile behavior is also an important property which needs to be investigated for WSRC. The overall aim of the research program is the development of economic and durable design for new rigid pavements by using locally available natural fibres in concrete. In this work, splitting-tensile strength of WSRC is investigated experimentally. To study the influence of wheat straw for having concrete with improved properties, Plain Concrete (PC) properties are taken as reference. The proportions of cement, sand and aggregates for PC and WSRC are taken as 1, 2 and 4, respectively. Wheat straw having length of approximately one-inch and contents of 1%, 2%, and 3%, by mass of wet concrete, are used to make WSRC. Water-cement ratios for PC and WSRC are taken as 0.55 and 0.60, respectively. Discussions on splitting-tensile behavior (strength, pre-cracked/cracked energy, and toughness index) of PC and WSRC specimen are made. It is concluded that splitting-tensile toughness index of WSRC is more than that of PC. As results seem favorable, so further study focusing on optimization of materials and durability of WSRC is recommended.
Ruthenium Dye (N3) Removal from Simulated Wastewater Using Bamboo Charcoal and Activated Bamboo Charcoal
Authors: binti Rosli Nurul Najihah , Lim Chee Ming , Mahadi Abdul Hanif , Wattanasiriwech Suthee , Lim Ren Chong , Kumara N.T.R.N.
Published: March 2018

The presence of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (T1) and ruthenium (Ru) in wastewater, even in trace quantities, could cause a negative impact on our health. The adsorption method has been proven to be the most effective and low-cost method for removing of heavy metals from wastewater. In this study, biomass waste was used as a low-cost precursor for the production of cost-effective charcoal and activated carbon. Solid waste from a common local bamboo species (Gigantochloa sp.) was used to produce charcoal and activated carbon. The simulated wastewater was made with Ruthenium complex (N3) dye solution as the adsorbate. The bamboo charcoal was prepared by carbonization, and activated carbon was prepared by NaOH activation after carbonization. The morphological characteristics, chemical compositions, and the lattice structures of the prepared adsorbents were analyzed using SEM, EDX, and XRD. The adsorption performance of the prepared adsorbents toward N3 dye was evaluated, and the highest adsorption capacity of 1.50 mg/g was obtained from activated carbon. The results showed that the activated bamboo-based charcoal has a better adsorption efficiency when compared to the bamboo charcoal for the treatment of N3 dye in wastewater.
ICOS Signaling Controls Induction and Maintenance of Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Panneton Vincent , Bagherzadeh Yazdchi Sahar , Witalis Mariko , Chang Jinsam , Suh Woong-Kyung
Published: March 2018

ICOS is a key costimulatory receptor facilitating differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells and inflammatory T cells. Rheumatoid arthritis patients were shown to have elevated levels of ICOS+ T cells in the synovial fluid, suggesting a potential role of ICOS-mediated T cell costimulation in autoimmune joint inflammation. In this study, using ICOS knockout and knockin mouse models, we found that ICOS signaling is required for the induction and maintenance of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. For the initiation of CIA, the Tyr181-based SH2-binding motif of ICOS that is known to activate PI3K was critical for Ab production and expansion of inflammatory T cells. Furthermore, we found that Tyr181-dependent ICOS signaling is important for maintenance of CIA in an Ab-independent manner. Importantly, we found that a small molecule inhibitor of glycolysis, 3-bromopyruvate, ameliorates established CIA, suggesting an overlap between ICOS signaling, PI3K signaling, and glucose metabolism. Thus, we identified ICOS as a key costimulatory pathway that controls induction and maintenance of CIA and provide evidence that T cell glycolytic pathways can be potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis.
Cutting Edge: Imbalanced Cation Homeostasis in MAGT1-Deficient B Cells Dysregulates B Cell Development and Signaling in Mice
Authors: Gotru Sanjeev Kiran , Gil-Pulido Jesus , Beyersdorf Niklas , Diefenbach Andreas , Becker Isabelle C. , Vögtle Timo , Remer Katharina , Chubanov Vladimir , Gudermann Thomas , Hermanns Heike M. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Kerkau Thomas , Zernecke Alma , Braun Attila
Published: March 2018

Cation homeostasis, in relation to various immune-suppressive diseases, is a novel field of investigation. Recently, patients with a loss-of-function mutation in magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) were reported to present a dysregulated Mg2+ homeostasis in T lymphocytes. Using Magt1-knockout mice (Magt1−/y), we show that Mg2+ homeostasis was impaired in Magt1−/y B cells and Ca2+ influx was increased after BCR stimulation, whereas T and NK cell function was unaffected. Consequently, mutant B cells displayed an increased phosphorylation of BCR-related proteins differentially affecting protein kinase C activation. These in vitro findings translated into increased frequencies of CD19+ B cells and marginal zone B cells and decreased frequencies of plasma cells among CD45+ splenocytes in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that abolished MAGT1 function causes imbalanced cation homeostasis and developmental responses in B cells. Therefore, this study might contribute to a further understanding of B cell–related pathologies.
An Electronic Packaging Approach to Improving an Environmental Sensor and Sensing Technique
Authors: Dean Robert N. , Dean Rebecca E.
Published: March 2018

The most common type of electronic packaging, the printed circuit board (PCB), is also useful for realizing low-cost environmental sensors for applications such as measuring increases in the salinity of water. Salts adhering to relocated coastal sand can leach into and contaminate freshwater bodies. When adjusted for temperature, the presence of the leached salt in freshwater can be detected by measuring the accompanying increase in electrical conductivity (EC) of the resulting aqueous solution. To estimate the increase in EC from salt leaching from a mass of sand, a technique was developed based on using a low-cost planar PCB sensor, 2 g of the sand, and 125 mL of distilled water. Using the sensor, the electrical conductance is measured in the distilled water, in the distilled water with 1 g of added sand, and in the distilled water with 2 g of added sand. After a line is fitted to a plot of the three data points, the slope of that line represents an estimate of the expected increase in electrical conductance from adding a mass of that sand to a volume of water. The sensor's cell constant can be used to convert the measurements from electrical conductance to EC. Testing with three different water samples demonstrated an estimation accuracy of approximately 97% in freshwater and 92% in saltwater.
Thickness records of glacial Lake Ojibway varves from Duparquet and Dufresnoy lakes, northwestern Quebec
Authors: Brooks G R
Published: March 2018

The thicknesses of 537 and 387 rhythmic couplets were measured along composite sequences of glacial Lake Ojibway glaciolacustrine deposits recovered in cores from Duparquet and Dufresnoy lakes, Quebec, respectively. The couplets span varve numbers 1137 to 1742
(Lac Duparquet) and 1189 to 1625 (Lac Dufresnoy) with respect to the Timiskaming varve series. Erosional unconformities (or disconformities) below v1484 cause 51 and 47 varves to be 'missing' in both the Duparquet and Dufresnoy varve records, respectively. Error in the varve numbering relative to
the Timiskaming varve series is estimated to be ±2 varves. Varve thickness data for each lake are listed in separate digital spreadsheet files (.xlsx and .csv formats). Mosaic posters depict CT-Scanner radiograph images of each set of lake cores and show the interpreted varve numbering and the
between-coring-site correlations of the varve couplets.
Nonrigid registration of multimodal medical images based on hybrid model
Authors: Tong Nuo , Gou Shuiping , Xu Teng , Sheng Ke , Yang Shuyuan
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Multimodal image registration is a crucial step in prostate cancer radiation therapy scheme. However, it can be challenging due to the obvious appearance difference between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and unavoidable organ motion. Accordingly, a nonrigid registration framework for precisely registering multimodal prostate images is proposed in this paper.

Materials and Methods:

In this work, multimodal prostate image registration between CT and MRI is achieved using a hybrid model that integrates multiresolution strategy and Demons algorithm. Furthermore, to precisely describe the deformation of prostate, B-spline-based registration is utilized to refine the initial registration result of multiresolution Demons algorithm.

Results:

To evaluate our method, experiments on clinical prostate data sets of nine participants and comparison with the conventional Demons algorithm are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed registration method outperforms the Demons algorithm by a large margin in terms of mutual information and correlation coefficient.

Conclusions:

These results show that our method outperforms the Demons algorithm and can achieve excellent performance on multimodal prostate images even the appearances of prostate change significantly. In addition, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can help to localize the prostate accurately, which is feasible in clinical.
Three-dimensional visualization technology in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor in the hilar bile duct to the upper segment of common bile duct
Authors: He Yanping , Di Weidong , Zhang Yanzhong , Li Jianghuai
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technique in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the hilar and common bile ducts.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 23 patients admitted from January 2015 to April 2017 for surgical treatment were analyzed, of whom 13 patients underwent medical image 3D visualization system (treatment group) while 10 underwent surgery alone (control group). Indicators to the treatment effects were recorded and compared between the two groups, including the operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospitalization time, the number of dissected lymph nodes, the incidence of all postoperative complications, and the alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBIL) monitored on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the operation.

Results:

In the treatment group and control group, the operation time was 194.66 ± 13.79 and 230.81 ± 27.07 min (t = 3.857, P = 0.002), the intraoperative bleeding volume was 274.28 ± 44.57 and 320.69 ± 35.90 mL (t = 2.686, P = 0.014), the postoperative hospitalization time was 11.15 ± 1.25 and 15.25 ± 1.75d (t = 6.557, P = 0.000), the number of dissected lymph nodes 10.46 ± 1.71 and 7.40 ± 0.97 (t = 5.050, P = 0.000), and the incidence of all postoperative complications 7.69% and 60% (χ2 = 7.304, P = 0.019), respectively. The level of ALT and TBIL was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group, whereas the level of ALB was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group on days 3, 5, and 7 (P < 0.05). The recovery of liver function was better in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, no perioperative deaths were found in either group.

Conclusions:

In the surgical treatment of malignant tumors occurring in the hilar to the common bile duct, 3D visualization technology can reduce the operation injury and intraoperative bleeding, decrease the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the safety and effectiveness of the operation, and promote the recovery of liver function, thus demonstrating promising short-term efficacy.
Taiyuan Global Health Conference 2017
Authors: Wortley David John
Published: March 2018

David Wortley is CEO and Founder of Gamification and Enabling Technologies Strategic Solutions (www.gaetss.com), a consultancy on the strategic use of Gamification and Enabling Technologies for the transformation of business and society. He is a recognized authority on the practical application of Gamification and Enabling Technologies to address global challenges in areas such as health, environment, and education. He is a serial technology innovator and has been a pioneer of emerging technologies for over 30 years. He is an expert advisor to the European Union and an accredited business mentor. His specialist expertise is in the commercialization of disruptive digital technologies. David is also a Founding Council Member of the International Society of Digital Medicine (ISDM). David was the Founding Director of the Serious Games Institute (SGI) www.seriousgamesinstitute.co.uk at Coventry University and he was responsible for the development of the institute as a global thought leader on the application of immersive technologies (which include video games, virtual worlds, and social networking) to serious social and economic issues such as education, simulation, health, commerce, and climate change. Working with academics, regional development agencies, and leading computer games companies, David made the SGI is a focal point for games-based learning, simulation, and immersive three-dimensional (3D) virtual environments and an engine for innovation and social and economic regeneration. David is a respected (see http://davidwortley.com/testimonials.html) and sought-after international conference speaker and writer for global publications on Learning Technologies, Defence and Health applications. He has written numerous papers on technology and society (see http://www.davidwortley.com/articles.html), and he is a regular conference presenter (see http://www.davidwortley.com/conferences.html).
Effect of multilevel lower-limb botulinum injections & intensive physical therapy on children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Juneja Monica , Jain Rahul , Gautam Ankita , Khanna Ritu , Narang Kamia
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Botulinum toxin is considered as an effective treatment for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, there are only a few long-term studies, and the effects on motor function have been inconclusive. Moreover, due to its high cost and need for intensive post-injection therapy, utility in context of developing nations has not been established. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the long term effects of botulinum toxin-A with physical therapy in children with CP.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India, where a limited supply of botulinum toxin was introduced in the year 2009. It was used in a selective group of patients with CP along with intensive physical therapies. All children who received lower-limb botulinum injections over a 42-month period were analyzed. For evaluation of treatment effect, the measurement at 1st pre-injection assessment and the last measurements, i.e. 12 wk after last injection received by that child were compared.

Results:

Twenty nine patients (20 males, median age 51 months) received 69 sessions of botulinum toxin injections in the lower limbs over a 42-month period. Thirteen patients were diplegic, 10 were quadriplegic, five were triplegic and one was hemiplegic. There was a significant improvement in pre- and post-injection scores on Observational Gait Scale (right side 7.1±3.6 to 10.7±3.7, left side 6.7±3.5 to 9.9±3.4), Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (47.9±17.7 to 67.6±17.2), Modified Ashworth Scale, passive range of motion and Gross Motor Function Classification System. Most of the patients showed gain in motor milestones as well.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results showed that judicious use of botulinum injections along with intensive physio/occupational therapies could yield good results in children with CP.
Initial treatment dropout in patients with substance use disorders attending a tertiary care de-addiction centre in north India
Authors: Basu Debasish , Ghosh Abhishek , Sarkar Siddharth , Patra Bichitra Nanda , Subodh B.N. , Mattoo Surendra Kumar
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Dropout from substance use disorders treatment is associated with poor outcomes. Although many factors have been associated with an early dropout of patients, the reasons for dropping out of treatment prematurely remain poorly understood particularly in the Indian context. This study was aimed to study socio-demographic and clinical variables predicting initial dropout of patients attending a tertiary care de-addiction treatment centre in north India.

Methods:

Information was extracted from the records of consecutive newly registered patients from January 2011 to December 2014. The patients who did not come for follow up within 30 days of the first contact were defined as initial dropouts.

Results:

Data of 7991 patients could be retrieved. Majority of the sample consisted of male, married and employed individuals. Of them, 4907 patients (61.3%) were considered initial dropouts. Multivariate analysis revealed that after controlling for other factors, greater age, being employed, lower educational status, lesser duration of substance use, use of alcohol, opiate, tobacco, cannabis or sedative-hypnotic use but the absence of multi-substance use predicted initial drop out.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study identified some socio-demographic and clinical variables which might predict treatment attrition in substance use disorders. Clinician's awareness towards these factors and tailor-made intervention might improve initial treatment retention. Future research could be directed to find the validity of this assumption.
Epigallocatechin gallate & curcumin prevent transforming growth factor beta 1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in ARPE-19 cells
Authors: Shanmuganathan Sivasankar , Sumantran Venil N. , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM), which exerts traction and detaches the retina. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells underlies ERM formation. Adjuvant therapies aimed at preventing recurrence of PVR after surgery mostly failed in clinical trials. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-EMT properties of bio-active compounds epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), curcumin and lycopene as inhibitors of EMT induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cultured ARPE-19 cells.

Methods:

ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β1 alone or co-treated with EGCG (1-50 μM), lycopene (1-10 μM) and curcumin (1-10 μM). The mRNA and protein expression of EMT markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, zonula occludens-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence/enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Activity of MMP-2 was assessed by zymography. Functional implications of EMT were assessed by proliferation assay (MTT assay) and migration assay (scratch assay). Western-blot for phosphorylated Smad-3 and total Smad-3 was done to delineate the mechanism.

Results:

EGCG and curcumin at 10 μM concentration reversed EMT, inhibited proliferation and migration through Smad-3 phosphorylation, when induced by TGF-β1 in ARPE-19 cells. Lycopene did not prevent EMT in ARPE-19 cells.

Interpretation & conclusions:

EGCG and curcumin are potent in preventing EMT induced by TGF-β1 in ARPE-19 cells and therefore, proposed as potential molecules for further pre-clinical evaluation in PVR management.
Unenhanced renal magnetic resonance angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease & suspected renovascular hypertension
Authors: Yamuna J. , Chandrasekharan Anupama , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Ramalakshmi S. , Joseph Santhosh
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of severe hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is important to detect RAS early as it can reverse hypertension and stop rapid deterioration of renal function. The potential drawbacks of various imaging modalities used to detect RAS including contrast-related adverse effects associated with diagnostic angiography have led to increasing interest in unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) renal angiography. The aim of this study was to detect and grade RAS in patients with CKD and suspected renovascular hypertension using unenhanced MR angiography (UMRA) and to identify patients with significant RAS (>70%) who would subsequently require further investigation and revascularization.

Methods:

Thirty five CKD patients with suspected RAS were subjected to UMRA using non-contrast MR angiography of ArTery and VEins 3D True fast imaging with steady state precession technique over a three year period. Patients with RAS >70 per cent on UMRA were subjected to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with intervention if indicated.

Results:

In all, 76 renal arteries were evaluated using UMRA in 35 patients, of which 18 arteries showed stenosis and 11 were haemodynamically significant (eight patients). Seven patients (10 renal arteries) underwent DSA.

Interpretation & conclusions:

An association between UMRA and DSA findings was obtained in six patients (nine renal arteries), and these patients were stented. Post-procedure follow up showed good improvement in blood pressure and renal function. UMRA was found to be a useful non-invasive imaging modality to detect RAS in CKD patients. It can identify patients who require further invasive angiography and revascularization.
Interlink between cholesterol & cell cycle in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Singh Govind , Sankanagoudar Shrimanjunath , Dogra Premnath , Chandra Nimai Chand
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Earlier reports have shown hypocholesterolaemia in cancer patients and high number of lipid rafts in cancer cells. The primary objective of this study was to compare the intracellular cholesterol turnover in non-cancerous (benign) prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma prostate (CAP) with normal prostate cells obtained from patients undergoing radical cystectomy for carcinoma bladder (sham control).

Methods:

ELISA-based estimation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), evaluation of expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and cyclin E, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, measurement of integrated optical density of the diaminobenzidine (DAB)-stained immunohistograms, isolation of nucleus and cell cytoplasm from prostate tissue by ultracentrifugation followed by estimation of cholesterol spectrophotometrically in isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were performed.

Results:

Seventy five individuals, 25 for each group (BPH n=25; CAP n=25 and sham control n=25), were included in the study. Cholesterol was increased in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the prostate cancer cells along with elevated expression of LDLR. Increased cholesterol concentration in the cell nucleus was found comparable with the increased expression of cholesterol transporter viz. PBR in the prostate tumour tissues as compared to its expression in normal prostate cells obtained from individuals undergoing radical cystectomy for carcinoma bladder. Cell cycle protein cyclin E was also highly expressed in cancer tissues.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present findings along with increased expression of cell cycle protein cyclin E in the cell nucleus of the tumour tissue suggested the possibility of an intriguing role of cholesterol in the mechanism of cell cycle process of prostate cell proliferation.
Comparison of radiofrequency ablation alone & in combination with percutaneous ethanol injection for management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kalra Naveen , Kang Mandeep , Duseja Ajay K. , Bhatia Anmol , Singh Virendra , Dhiman Radha K. , Rajwanshi Arvind , Chawla Yogesh K. , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: March 2018

Background & objective:

It has been shown that the combined use of alcohol before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) helps to augment the therapeutic advantage of RFA. The present study was conducted to compare the outcome of treatment with RFA alone and RFA with alcohol as ablative technique in patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), who were not candidates for surgery.

Methods:

Fifty patients with chronic liver disease and concurrent HCC were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were treated with either RFA alone (n=25) or RFA combined with alcohol (n=25). Patient outcome was evaluated, and the tumour recurrence and survival of the patients were assessed in the two groups.

Results:

The survival rates at six months in patients who completed at least six months of follow up were 84 and 80 per cent in patients treated with RFA alone and combination therapy, respectively. During the follow up period, 11 and four patients treated with RFA alone showed local and distant intrahepatic tumour recurrence, respectively. All local recurrences were at one to 18 months of the follow up period. The distant recurrences occurred at 6-36 months of the follow up period. During the follow up period, eight and six patients treated with combination therapy showed local and distant intrahepatic tumour recurrence, respectively. All local recurrences were at 1.5-15 months during the follow up period. The distant intrahepatic recurrences occurred at 6-72 months during the follow up period.

Interpretation & conclusions:

No significant difference was seen between the survival time of the patients treated with RFA alone and RFA with alcohol as well as in the local recurrences and distant intrahepatic recurrences in RFA compared to RFA and alcohol group patients. Combined use of RFA and alcohol did not improve the local tumour control and survival in patients with HCC compared to RFA alone.
Fabrication of Uniform TiO2 Blocking Layers for Prevention of Electron Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Bae Ju-won , Koo Bon-Ryul , Lee Tae-Kuen , Ahn Hyo-Jin
Published: March 2018

Uniform TiO2 blocking layers (BLs) are fabricated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD) method. To improve the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the BL thickness is controlled by using USPD times of 0, 20, 60, and 100 min, creating TiO2 BLs of 0, 40, 70, and 100 nm, respectively, in average thickness on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. Compared to the other samples, the DSSC containing the uniform TiO2 BL of 70 nm in thickness shows a superior power conversion efficiency of 7.58±0.20% because of the suppression of electron recombination by the effect of the optimized thickness. The performance improvement is mainly attributed to the increased open-circuit voltage (0.77±0.02 V) achieved by the increased Fermi energy levels of the working electrodes and the improved short-circuit current density (15.67±0.43 mA/cm2) by efficient electron transfer pathways. Therefore, optimized TiO2 BLs fabricated by USPD may allow performance improvements in DSSCs.
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanowires by Thermal Oxidation of Titanium Alloy Powder
Authors: Kim Yoo-Young , Cho Kwon-Koo
Published: March 2018

One-dimensional rutile TiO2 is an important inorganic compound with applicability in sensors, solar cells, and Li-based batteries. However, conventional synthesis methods for TiO2 nanowires are complicated and entail risks of environmental contamination. In this work, we report the growth of TiO2 nanowires on a Ti alloy powder (Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V, Ti64) using simple thermal oxidation under a limited supply of O2. The optimum condition for TiO2 nanowire synthesis is studied for variables including temperature, time, and pressure. TiO2 nanowires of ~5 μm in length and 100 nm in thickness are richly synthesized under the optimum condition with single-crystalline rutile phases. The formation of TiO2 nanowires is greatly influenced by synthesis temperature and pressure. The synthesized TiO2 nanowires are characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).
High-Contrast Electrochromism of Porous Tungsten Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Electrodeposition
Authors: Park Sung-Hyeok , Mo Ho-Jin , Lim Jae-Keun , Kim Sang-Gwon , Choi Jae-Hyo , Lee Seung-Hyun , Jang Se-Hwa , Cha Kyung-Ho , Nah Yoon-Chae
Published: March 2018

In this study, we synthesize tungsten oxide thin films by electrodeposition and characterize their electrochromic properties. Depending on the deposition modes, compact and porous tungsten oxide films are fabricated on a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The morphology and crystal structure of the electrodeposited tungsten oxide thin films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to verify the chemical composition and the oxidation state of the films. Compared to the compact tungsten oxides, the porous films show superior electrochemical activities with higher reversibility during electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, they exhibit very high color contrast (97.0%) and switching speed (3.1 and 3.2 s). The outstanding electrochromic performances of the porous tungsten oxide thin films are mainly attributed to the porous structure, which facilitates ion intercalation/deintercalation during electrochemical reactions.
О проблеме периодичности непрерывных дробей в гиперэллиптических полях
Authors: Platonov Vladimir Petrovich , Fedorov Gleb Vladimirovich
Published: March 2018

Представлены новые результаты, относящиеся к проблеме периодичности непрерывных дробей, в которые разлагаются квадратичные иррациональности в поле $K((h))$, где $K$ - поле характеристики, отличной от 2, $h \in K[x]$, $\deg h=1$.
Пусть $f \in K[h]$ - свободный от квадратов многочлен и нормирование $v_h$ поля $K(x)$ имеет два продолжения $v_h^-$ и $v_h^+$ на поле $L=K(h)(\sqrt{f})$. Обозначим $S_h=\{v_h^-,v_h^+\}$.
Глубокая связь между периодичностью непрерывных дробей в поле $K((h))$ и существованием $S_h$-единиц позволила далеко продвинуться в изучении периодических и квазипериодических элементов поля $L$, а также в вопросах, связанных с поиском фундаментальных $S_h$-единиц. С помощью нового эффективного алгоритма для поиска решений норменных уравнений в поле $L$ удалось найти примеры периодических непрерывных дробей элементов вида $\sqrt{f}$,
что является достаточно редким явлением. Для случая эллиптического поля $L=\mathbb{Q}(x)(\sqrt{f})$, $\deg f=3$, описаны все свободные от квадратов многочлены $f \in \mathbb{Q}[h]$
с периодическим разложением $\sqrt{f}$ в непрерывную дробь в поле $\mathbb{Q}((h))$.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Las diez maquetas de la Modern Architecture Exhibition, 1932.
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , Alonso Rodríguez Marta
Published: March 2018

Es posible que la exposición de arquitectura más relevante para la difusión del Movimiento Moderno fuera la organizada por Philip Johnson y Henry-Russell Hitchcock en el Museum of Modern Art de Nueva York, en 1932. Inicialmente se había pensado en ofrecer al público una muestra de diez maquetas de los diez arquitectos europeos y estadounidenses más implicados con las vanguardias, encargándoles a cada uno la maqueta de un proyecto diseñado ex profeso para la exposición. Finalmente se les concedió mayor libertad, ampliando la exposición con una selección fotográfica de la obra construida de cada uno de ellos. No obstante, las piezas más importantes fueron las maquetas, siendo la más apreciada la de Mies van der Rohe. En este texto se estudian, acudiendo al archivo del MoMA y a otras fuentes, los modelos expuestos por cada arquitecto y la relevancia que se les concedió en cuanto sistema de representación apto para difundir lo que los organizadores acabarían denominando el International Style.
El sentido cubista de Álvaro Siza (I). El Centro Gallego de Arte Contemporáneo, Santiago de Compostela, España (1988-1999)
Authors: Melián García Ángel
Published: March 2018

El análisis y la interpretación del proyecto y la obra del Centro Gallego de Arte Contemporáneo y su entorno, permite tomar conciencia del modo de hacer arquitectura de Álvaro Siza. A través del estudio de esta obra se desvela la capacidad que tiene Siza para materializar una arquitectura integrada en la naturaleza. Su búsqueda incesante de una expresión única en el proceso de fragmentación de la forma arquitectónica y del espacio envolvente hay que encuadrarla, sobre todo, en la cultura plástica del cubismo, fundamentalmente del cubismo analítico de Picasso y Braque, como síntesis que supera la oposición figura-fondo.
Figuración y teatralidad en las estructuras de comunicación vertical propuestas por los Vandelvira. Estudio formal y analítico del caracol de emperadores como caso teórico singular
Authors: Estepa Rubio Antonio , Estepa Rubio Jesús
Published: March 2018

En la obra de Vandelvira, y por supuesto en el manuscrito de su hijo, se van declarando una serie de temas entre los que no quedan de lado distintas aplicaciones sobre el empleo de superficies alabeadas. Ampliando el grado de complejidad en este campo, Vandelvira considera además el uso de superficies cíclicas que, bien con un papel protagonista o bien como solución complementaria, terminan generando hélices y helicoides.

La explicación del despliegue de estas figuras geométricas queda a medio camino entre las soluciones a problemáticas de carácter utilitario y la búsqueda de una expresividad plástica capaz de suscitar en el usuario respuestas psicológicas más complejas. Podemos decir que estos fragmentos constructivos, en ocasiones identificados como detalles menores o accesorios con respecto al total de la obra, están dotados de un espíritu místico singular con la suficiente capacidad para significar al conjunto.
Varsovia de Posguerra, la reconstrucción desde el dibujo de Canaletto y las apuestas socialistas
Authors: López Jiménez Jose María , Gómez Vargas Juan Carlos , Moreno Vargas Francisco
Published: March 2018

Varsovia, tras la fuerte opresión sufrida en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, llevó a cabo un profundo proceso de reestructuración urbana, social y política. Desde 1944 (con la entrada del ejército soviético liberando la ciudad), hasta 1970, se produjo una completa recomposición de las trazas urbanas. De hecho, se pudieron identificar claramente las diversas ideologías coexistentes en el nuevo plan urbano teselando el puzzle urbano.

El presente artículo pretende mostrar cómo el proceso de recomposición y reconstrucción urbana se “dibujó” desde las pinturas de Canaletto en el eje histórico de la ciudad. Partiendo del Stare Miasto hasta finalizar en el Palacio Stasic, enlace de Krakowskie Prszdmiescie con Nowy Swiat. La regeneración de la ciudad hizo cohabitar teorías conservacionistas con concepciones socialistas o ideas provenientes del movimiento moderno, y el carácter historicista se fundamentó en los grafismos recuperados tras la guerra. Junto a las trazas dibujadas por los arquitectos en la Posguerra formaron parte del entramado urbano y del sustento constructivo.

La definición gráfica otorgada por las pinturas de Canaletto permitió abordar el camino de reconstrucción orientado a reproducir dichas imágenes desde la devastada Varsovia de Posguerra con el objetivo de recuperar la percepción de una capital polaca aún sumida en el estigma social que causó la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La imagen industrial de la ciudad. Jerez de la Frontera siglo XIX
Authors: Aladro Prieto José Manuel , Mosquera Adell Eduardo
Published: March 2018

A partir de un conjunto de imágenes que van de mediados del siglo xvi a finales del xix se reconstruye e interpreta la transformación urbano paisajística experimentada por la ciudad de Jerez de la Frontera en las décadas centrales del siglo xix, periodo en el que gracias al comercio del jerez se convertiría en una de las ciudades industriales más relevantes del país. La implantación de las edificaciones industriales conllevó la transformación de la imagen territorial de la ciudad, desde un proceso inicial de redefinición industrial de la fachada urbana hasta la negación final de su propia condición paisajística. Al mismo tiempo la imagen renovada de la población sería asumida por los propios agentes transformadores como elemento de su iconografía empresarial.
El dibujo moderno en la arquitectura heterodoxa de Luis Albert
Authors: Giménez Ribera Manuel
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza el lenguaje gráfico de Luis Albert Ballesteros, arquitecto representativo de una generación que puso punto final a la tradición academicista del siglo xix, e inició el camino de renovación demandado socialmente con el cambio de siglo.

De toda su extensa trayectoria profesional, se pone énfasis en las dos décadas previas a la Guerra Civil, donde la pretensión de progreso y atención a las vanguardias europeas impregnó todos los ámbitos, aunque nunca con el mismo grado de entusiasmo, ni compromiso.

Sus dibujos modernos en las propuestas no ejecutadas, sus croquis de ideación previos y su lenguaje comunicativo final, recogen el debate de una época donde convivieron heterodoxa arquitectura racionalista, con opuestas propuestas exacerbadas, y donde la postura intermedia supuso la opción más concurrida.
Management of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Update for the General Physician
Authors: Siau K , Chapman W , Sharma N , Tripathi D , Iqbal T , Bhala N
Published: March 2018

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleed (AUGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies in the UK, with roughly one presentation every 6 min. Despite advances in therapeutics and endoscopy provision, mortality following AUGIB over the last two decades has remained high, with over 9,000 deaths annually in the UK; consequently, several national bodies have published UK-relevant guidelines. Despite this, the 2015 UK National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death in AUGIB highlighted variations in practice, raised concerns regarding suboptimal patient care and released a series of recommendations. This review paper incorporates the latest available evidence and UK-relevant guidelines to summarise the optimal pre-endoscopic, endoscopic, and post-endoscopic approach to and management of non-variceal and variceal AUGIB that will be of practical value to both general physicians and gastroenterologists.
Quantitative Data Analysis of Perceived Barriers and Motivators to Physical Activity in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Nicholson SL , Greig CA , Sniehotta F , Johnston M , Lewis SJ , McMurdo MET , Johnston D , Scopes J , Mead GE
Published: March 2018

Background

Levels of physical activity after stroke are low, despite multiple health benefits. We explored stroke survivors’ perceived barriers, motivators, self-efficacy and intention to physical activity.

Methods

Fifty independently mobile stroke survivors were recruited prior to hospital discharge. Participants rated nine possible motivators and four possible barriers based on the Mutrie Scale, as having ‘no influence', ‘some influence’ or ‘a major influence’ on physical activity. Participants also rated their self-efficacy and intention to increasing walking.

Results

The most common motivator was ‘physical activity is good for health’ [34 (68%)]. The most common barrier was ‘feeling too tired’ [24 (48%)]. Intention and self-efficacy were high. Self-efficacy was graded as either 4 or 5 (highly confident) on a five-point scale by [34 (68%)] participants, while 42 (84%) ‘strongly agreed’ or ‘agreed’ that they intended to increase their walking.

Conclusion

Participants felt capable of increasing physical activity but fatigue was often perceived as a barrier to physical activity. This needs to be considered when encouraging stroke survivors to be more active.
Is it Safe to Use Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Mri?
Authors: Pullicino R , Das K
Published: March 2018

Gadolinium-based contrast agents have greatly expanded the capability of magnetic resonance imaging and have been used extensively in neuroradiology over the past 30 years. When initially developed they were thought to be relatively harmless; it was later discovered they are associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and should be used with caution in certain patient groups, especially those with renal failure. Lately it has been found that the use of these contrast agents may result in deposition of gadolinium in the brain even in patients with an intact blood-brain barrier. While this has not been shown to be associated with any clinical effects, a precautionary approach has been advised by the regulatory authorities. Here we review the development of the gadolinium contrast agents, their use and the advice related to this new information.
In Carthage Ruins: The Illness of Sir Winston Churchill at Carthage, December 1943
Authors: Vale JA , Scadding JW
Published: March 2018

This paper reviews Churchill's illness in Carthage in December 1943. It was characterised by fever that lasted 6 days, left lower lobe pneumonia and two episodes of atrial fibrillation. He was managed in a private villa by Lord Moran, his personal physician, with the assistance of two nurses and the expert advice of colleagues. Sulphadiazine and digitalis leaf were precribed and Churchill recovered. It is remarkable that, despite the severity of his illness, he continued to direct the affairs of State from his bed.