bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finca Altos del Platanal en Cerro Plata de Cañazas de Veraguas
Authors: Carrasquilla Águila Carmen Alina
Published: February 2025

Cerro Plata, una comunidad de Veraguas marcada por altos índices de pobreza y anteriormente inaccesible debido a las condiciones de su infraestructura, ha experimentado mejoras recientes con la construcción de una carretera que facilita el acceso a la región. No obstante, aún queda un potencial no desarrollado que podría beneficiar significativamente a la población local. El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar un programa de agroturismo pedagógico en la Finca "Altos del Platanal", ubicada en Cerro Plata, Cañazas, Panamá, como estrategia para promover el desarrollo local mediante la educación y la conservación. La investigación se centra en los conceptos y definiciones clave del agroturismo y en cómo esta actividad puede integrarse a la finca para potenciar sus beneficios. Se adopta una metodología cualitativa y descriptiva con el propósito de explorar las características del agroturismo pedagógico en esta finca, que se distingue por su enfoque en la agricultura orgánica, diversificada y sostenible. A diferencia de las fincas convencionales, "Altos del Platanal" no utiliza productos químicos y su cultivo incluye una variedad de plantas ornamentales, frutales y legumbres. La experiencia que ofrece la finca se caracteriza por un trato personalizado, tanto por parte del propietario como de su equipo, lo que garantiza una vivencia única que invita a volver a este lugar. Este modelo de agroturismo busca no solo fomentar el turismo rural, sino también promover el ecoturismo y la sostenibilidad en la región.
CRISIS OF THE GREAT STEPPE OR HOW CENTRAL ASIA FOUND ITSELF BETWEEN TWO FIRES
Authors: Uspanova M.U. , Eraliev D.
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the negative consequences of the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine from the point of view of the domestic economy and international relations.
        In the article, the authors analyze the assumptions about the possibility of turning Russia's war in Ukraine into a catastrophe for Central Asia, based on information from various publications.
        Anti-Russian sanctions against Russia are more likely to lead to global instability than politicians expect, and the West should focus on Russia-dependent and vulnerable economies such as Central Asia, according to an analysis by Bradley Jardine, director of the Wilson Center in the United States. Kissinger at the Institute for Central Asian Studies in Oxus He notes that he is suffering.
Политика Республики Корея по глобализации традиционного алкоголя
Authors: Наумчик А.Е.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы государственной политики Республики Корея, направленной на глобализацию традиционных алкогольных напитков. В материале приводятся характерные особенности корейского традиционного алкоголя, краткий экскурс в историю его возникновения и развития, называются причины того, почему ни один из его видов не стал известным и популярным в мире. Кроме того, в статье акцентируется внимание на популяризации внутри страны и на мировых рынках современного промышленного сочжу-ректификата, которым подменяются традиционные алкогольные напитки. Автор анализирует попытки правительства РК в последние десятилетия сделать корейский традиционный алкоголь таким же популярным в мире, как корейская еда k-food, приводит мнения экспертов отрасли, какие меры для этого необходимо принять и какие традиционные алкогольные напитки имеют наибольший потенциал, чтобы стать узнаваемыми и востребованными в мире.

This article examines the state policy of the Republic of Korea aimed at the globalization of traditional alcoholic beverages. It presents the characteristic features of Korean traditional alcohol, offers a brief overview of its emergence and development, and explores the reasons why none of its types have gained fame and popularity worldwide. Additionally, the article focuses on the popularization of modern industrial soju, a rectified alcohol that is substituting traditional alcoholic beverages both in the country and in global markets. The author analyzes the Republic of Korea (ROK) government's efforts in recent decades to make Korean traditional alcoholic beverages as popular internationally as Korean cuisine (k-food). The article provides insights from industry experts regarding the measures that should be taken to achieve this goal and identifies which traditional alcoholic beverages have the greatest potential to become recognizable and sought-after on the global stage.
Идеология и политическая деятельность Чхинчхонпха в XIX в.
Authors: Ким Ен Ун , Каскевич М.А.
Published: February 2025

Особый интерес в области изучения идеологии и политической мысли в XIX веке в Чосон представляет деятельность Чхинчхонпха, процинской фракции, которая выступала за сохранение отношений с Китаем. В этот период в Цинской Империи после Опиумных войн (1840—1842, 1856—1860) усилилось влияние западных государств и перед Кореей также встал вопрос об открытии страны для внешнеполитических и экономических обменов с западными неоколониальными странами и Японией. Это также порождало огромное количество конфликтов о судьбе государства в области международных отношений и использовании европейского опыта между реформаторами и консерваторами. В статье рассматриваются отдельные деятели Чхинчхонпха () и анализируется, почему они продолжали поддерживать позицию сохранения вассально-сюзеренских отношений с Китаем.

The study of ideology and political thought in 19th century Choson reveals significant insights into the activities of the Chincheongpa (), a pro-Qing faction that advocated for the preservation of relations with China. This period was marked by increased Western influence following the Opium Wars (1840—1842, 1856—1860) within the Qing Empire, prompting Korea to confront the pressing question of whether to open itself to foreign policy and economic exchanges with Western neo-colonial powers and Japan. Consequently, this situation gave rise to numerous conflicts regarding the future direction of the state in international relations, as well as debates over the applicability of European experiences among reformers and conservatives. This article examines the key figures associated with the Chincheongpa and analyzes the underlying reasons for their sustained support of maintaining vassal-suzerain relations with China.
Transforming TVET Curriculum: Leveraging Coding and Robotics as catalysts for Functional Design Innovation at IGCSE level in Zimbabwean Schools
Authors: Hove Blessing , Pasipanodya Huckleberry
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study investigates the transformation of the TVET curriculum in Zimbabwean schools through the integration of coding and robotics into the IGCSE Design and Technology syllabus. It explores how this synergy enhances students’ ability to produce innovative, functional, and industry-relevant design solutions. A key focus is on bridging the gap between conceptual design and real-world application, emphasizing that designs often fall short when they lack programmed instructions provided by coding. Coding equips students with the ability to embed functionality into their designs, while robotics offers a platform for hands-on experimentation, enabling the creation of interactive, automated prototypes. The research underscores the necessity of harmonizing Design and Technology with Computer Science, fostering a multidisciplinary approach that enhances creativity, technical proficiency, and problem-solving skills. The study envisions a TVET curriculum that prepares students for the demands of Industry, empowering them to develop smart, user-centred products that align with global industrial trends and technological advancements.
Argumento da Questão em Aberto
Authors: Galvão Pedro
Published: February 2025

O argumento da questão em aberto, de G. E. Moore, visa mostrar que o naturalismo moral é irremediavelmente falacioso. Na primeira secção, elucida-se o argumento e discutem-se duas objecções que este suscita. Uma delas, correcta, diz-nos que o argumento pode refutar as versões semânticas do naturalismo moral, mas não as suas versões metafísicas. Na segunda secção, apresentam-se algumas das críticas mais importantes ao naturalismo moral metafísico.
PENERAPAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TOPIK A MEMBACA DAN MENDENGARKAN MATERI BUDAYA TARI BONET PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SDI OESAPA KECIL 1 TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024
Authors: Rewu Ayuni Katarina Rera , Meilani Dian , Yani Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan belajar peseta didik dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia topik A membaca dan mendengarkan materi Budaya Tari Bonet kelas IV SDI Oesapa Kecil 1 Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024 melalui penerapan media pembelajaran Audiovisual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam II siklus yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas IV SDI Oesapa Kecil 1. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan tes akhir siklus. Metode analisis data adalah metode deskriptif, kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi, lembar soal/LKPD dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan isian yang diberikan kepada peserta didik dalam bentuk individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai hasil belajar pada siklus I sebanyak 6 peserta didik atau sebesar 40% dinyatakan tuntas, sedangkan peserta didik yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 9 orang dengan persentase 60%. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan di mana peserta didik yang tuntas berjumlah 14 orang dengan persentase sebesar 80% dan hanya 1 peserta didik yang belum tuntas atau sebesar 20%. Akivitas guru pada siklus I mencapai 73,3% dengan kategori baik sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 90% dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik siklus I mencapai 42,8% dengan kategori cukup baik sedangkan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 74,4% denan kategori sangat baik. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan media Audiovisual topik A membaca dan mendengarkan Materi Budaya Tari Bonet dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia peserta didik kelas IV SDI Oesapa Kecil 1
"HEZİN HEZİN GİR KAPIDAN” ADLI ESERİN AFYONKARAHİSAR YÖRESİNDE YAPILAN İCRA ÇEŞİTLERİNİN TESPİTİ VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Kacar Ömer Faruk , İnce Kenan Serhat
Published: February 2025

Türk halk müziği eserlerini mahalli sanatçılardan dinleyerek öğrenmek; yörenin tavır ve üslubunu öğrenebilmek açısından önemlidir. Mahalli sanatçılar; içinde bulunduğu toplumun ve coğrafyanın kültür unsurlarını; geleneklerini, örf-adetlerini, halkın duygu ve düşüncelerini müzik ile yansıtmaktadır. Yörelerde mahalli sanatçıların varlığı düşünüldüğünde, eserlerin birden fazla icra şeklinin ve varyantının olabileceği de aşikârdır. Bir kaynak kişi aynı eseri farklı zamanlarda farklı şekilde de icra edebilmektedir. Afyonkarahisar yöresine ait “Hezin Hezin Gir Kapıdan” adlı eserin TRT repertuvarına ait nota künyesinde, kaynak kişinin Abdullah Uluçelik olduğu görülmektedir fakat meşk ortamında alınan başka bir kayıtta; Uluçelik’in, eseri TRT repertuvarına ait notaya göre daha farklı icra ettiği tespit edilmiş olup, çalışmanın problem durumu olarak saptanmıştır. Aynı şekilde Abdullah Uluçelik’in talebesi olan mahalli sanatçı Ömer Yarşi’nin albüm kaydındaki icrasının; hem TRT repertuvarına ait notaya göre, hem de hocası Abdullah Uluçelik’in albüm kaydındaki icrasına göre farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle yörede tarafımızca alan araştırması yöntemi uygulanarak eserin çeşitli icra örneklerinin ve varyantlarının olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan alan araştırmasında, Fikret Güzeldemir ve Nevzat Topuzlu (Altındağ) ile görüşülmüştür. Bu çalışma; eserin Afyonkarahisar merkez, Çay ve Bolvadin ilçelerindeki icra örnekleri ile sınırlandırılıp, edinilen çeşitli kaynak kişi kayıtları karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir.
O CENÁRIO LEGISLATIVO DE PROTEÇÃO AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DE MULHERES NO BRASIL
Authors: Nunes Robéria Vasconcelos , Lelis Henrique Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

O cenário de violação de direitos humanos, em se tratando de mulheres, é alvo de frequente debate em todas as esferas de Poderes no Brasil. Assim, é sempre necessário que se criem mecanismos para combater e reprimir violências que são, diariamente, sofridas pelas mulheres. Logo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa se orienta em discutir sobre legislações brasileiras no combate à violência contra mulheres. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho é a revisão bibliográfica fundamentada por meio de trabalhos que abordem esta discussão como tema central. Constatando que o desafio da igualdade de gênero persiste como uma realidade dolorosa, exigindo ações coordenadas por parte dos governos e da sociedade civil. Embora haja avanços legislativos e programas de intervenção comunitária, a interseccionalidade entre gênero, raça e classe social continua a colocar as mulheres em desvantagem, particularmente evidente na persistência da violência doméstica. Medidas como ordens de proteção têm papel crucial na proteção das vítimas, mas é necessário um esforço contínuo para garantir sua eficácia e acesso. Em última análise, apenas com esforços coletivos e persistentes, aliados a uma abordagem holística e sensível às necessidades específicas das comunidades, podemos avançar em direção a sociedades verdadeiramente igualitárias e livres de violência de gênero.
Vertical changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and impacts on photochemical ozone formation
Authors: Li Xiao-Bing , Yuan Bin , Huangfu Yibo , Yang Suxia , Song Xin , Qi Jipeng , He Xianjun , Wang Sihang , Chen Yubin , Yang Qing , Song Yongxin , Peng Yuwen , Tang Guiqian , Gao Jian , Gu Dasa , Shao Min
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play crucial roles in regulating the formation of tropospheric ozone. However, limited knowledge on the interactions between vertical VOC variations and photochemical ozone formation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) has hindered effective ozone control strategies, especially in large cities. In this study, we investigated the vertical changes in concentrations, compositions, and key driving factors of a large suite of VOCs using online gradient measurements taken from a 325 m tall tower in urban Beijing. The impacts of these vertical VOC variations on photochemical ozone formation were also analyzed using box model simulations. Our results indicate that VOCs exhibited distinct vertical variation patterns due to their differences in sources and chemical reactivities, along with the diurnal evolution of the PBL. During daytime, reactive VOCs (e.g., hydrocarbons) are rapidly oxidized as they mix upward, accompanied by the formation and accumulation of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) in the middle and upper layers. In addition, the photochemical formation of ozone responds positively to changes in both NOx and VOCs. As a result, the production rate of ozone declines with height due to the simultaneous decreases in concentrations of reactive VOCs and NOx but remains high in the middle and upper layers. The strong production of ozone aloft is primarily driven by the presence of high OVOC concentrations. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the vertical variations in both photochemical ozone production rates and formation regimes in the whole PBL when developing regional ozone control strategies.
Salinity Trends and Mass Balances in the Mediterranean Sea: The Role of Air-Sea Freshwater Fluxes and Oceanic Exchange
Authors: Liu Chao , Liang Xinfeng , Yu Lisan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Understanding the drivers of salinity and mass variability in the Mediterranean Sea is essential for assessing regional climate impacts and elucidating climate-driven changes in the water cycle. Although it is possible to close the Mediterranean mass and salinity budgets within uncertainty ranges, the relative contributions of key boundary fluxes, namely, surface freshwater fluxes (Evaporation-minus-Precipitation-minus-runoff) and water exchanges through the Strait of Gibraltar, remain unclear. To address this, we analyzed the Mediterranean’s mass and salinity budgets of 2003–2017 using ECCOv4r4. Our findings reveal a delicate balance between boundary fluxes that jointly regulate the Mediterranean’s mass and salinity dynamics. Surface freshwater fluxes play an essential but often understated role in modulating salinity through changes in volume: salinity decreases when precipitation adds volume, and increases when evaporation reduces volume. This insight further clarifies how the inflow of relatively fresh Atlantic water (AW) and the outflow of saltier Mediterranean water (MOW) can, counterintuitively, lead to an overall reduction in salinity. We found that surface fluxes, primarily driven by evaporation, account for most salinity variability, contributing approximately 1.80±0.10 Sv. The Gibraltar exchange is critical for maintaining mass balance, adding 0.30±0.20 Sv of salt. However, due to density differences between AW, MOW, and Mediterranean water, a net salinity reduction of -1.48±0.20 Sv is achieved through the Strait. This results in an overall increase of 0.29±0.09 Sv in salinity over the 15-year period, consistent with the salinification trend reported in previous studies. These findings provide a more comprehensive perspective of regional water cycle dynamics.
The Approach Of Restorative Justice Theory In Resolving The Rohingya Case In Myanmar And The Syrian Conflict
Authors: Sutrisno Andri , Hutabarat Feby Amalia , Jaedin  , Abdul Mutalib  , Abdullah Rahmat Hi
Published: February 2025

This article examines the application of restorative justice theory as an alternative approach to resolving human rights violations in two complex conflicts: the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar and the Syrian civil war. Both cases highlight the limitations of international legal frameworks and retributive justice in addressing large-scale violations, including genocide, forced displacement, and systemic discrimination. Restorative justice, emphasizing victim recovery, offender accountability, and community reconciliation, offers a more inclusive and sustainable solution to these crises. In Myanmar, the Rohingya community has faced decades of systemic persecution, culminating in military operations in 2017 that forced over 700,000 people to flee, primarily to Bangladesh. In Syria, the prolonged civil war since 2011 has caused widespread displacement and destruction, leaving over 8.6 million people internally displaced by 2022. Traditional mechanisms, such as International Court of Justice (ICJ) proceedings and United Nations interventions, have been hindered by political obstacles and enforcement challenges. This study explores the potential of restorative justice in both contexts, focusing on mechanisms such as inclusive dialogues, reparations, and reconciliation. Drawing on theoretical frameworks by Howard Zehr, Johan Galtung, and John Braithwaite, the article proposes practical applications for rebuilding trust and addressing the root causes of the conflicts. The findings suggest that restorative justice can not only address the immediate needs of victims but also foster long-term peace and stability by transforming social relationships and reducing the likelihood of recurrent violence. By shifting the focus from punitive measures to holistic recovery, this approach offers valuable insights into the resolution of modern humanitarian crises..
Envolvimento das lideranças locais no processo de decisão de escolha das áreas de implementação dos projectos de responsabilidade social corporativa para ajuste de prioridades: caso da pedreira K-Moz de Ribáuè-Nampula, 2020-2023
Authors: Lápi Fidêncio de Assunção Francisco Araújo , Francisco Osvaldo Afonso Gabriel , Nhamposse Emílio Herculano , Monteiro Eulália Maria Carrilho Soares , Armando Luís Júlio , Silva Mauro
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do presente estudo de caso analisou o envolvimento das lideranças locais no processo de decisão sobre a escolha das áreas de implementação dos projectos de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) da Pedreira K-Moz em Ribáuè, Nampula, entre 2020 e 2023. A pesquisa investiga como a participação das lideranças podem influenciar o ajuste de prioridades, garantindo que as acções da empresa atendam às necessidades reais da comunidade. O contém quatro capítulos, nomeadamente: O Capítulo I apresenta o referencial teórico sobre Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e participação comunitária, discutindo conceitos e modelos de envolvimento social. O Capítulo II descreve a metodologia utilizada, combinando abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, com entrevistas e questionários aplicados a gestores e líderes comunitários. O Capítulo III é dedicado à análise e interpretação dos dados encontrados, demonstrando que, embora as lideranças locais participem das discussões, ainda há desafios, como a falta de comunicação eficaz e a necessidade de maior inclusão no planeamento dos projectos. Por fim, o Capítulo IV apresenta as sugestões e recomendações, indicando estratégias para um modelo de gestão mais participativo e alinhado às necessidades da comunidade. Os resultados indicam que a colaboração entre empresa e comunidade fortalece o alcance das iniciativas de RSC, melhora o impacto social e contribui para um desenvolvimento sustentável.
El Seguro Escolar (1953-2023): de seguro social para la clase media a fósil en la protección social española
Authors: Revuelta Sierra Guillermo
Published: February 2025

El Seguro Escolar es una institución en que están afiliados obligatoriamente todos los estudiantes españoles que cursen estudios oficiales entre los catorce y los veintiocho años. Si el afiliado no tiene más dedicación que el estudio, puede ser beneficiario de sus prestaciones. En idénticas condiciones se encuentran los estudiantes de Estados pertenecientes a la Unión Europea. El Seguro, sin embargo, es un gran desconocido, tanto por lo ínfimo de la cuantía de su prima como por lo paupérrimo de sus prestaciones. En este estudio nos planteamos porqué fue creado y porqué ha acabado adquiriendo un carácter residual en la protección social española. Para responder estas cuestiones cruzamos las disposiciones legislativas del Seguro con las declaraciones de sus creadores y los comentarios de la doctrina coetánea a las mismas. Nuestra tesis es que este Seguro fue creado en 1953 fundamentalmente para proteger el status de la clase media y que fue relegado progresivamente desde los setenta como consecuencia de las nuevas tendencias universalizadoras, en el sistema educativo y en el de la protección social, intensificadas desde los ochenta.
Mujeres negras y mulatas en La Habana del XIX. Retratos de desaliento y supervivencia
Authors: Cristóbal Querol Gema Desireé
Published: February 2025

La imagen de la mujer negra y mulata en la Cuba colonial estuvo demasiado tiempo supeditada a la de persona esclavizada y a la estereotipación que el sistema esclavista estableció para ellas. Sin embargo, la tendencia a los estudios que parten de un enfoque racial y de género está contribuyendo a conformar una imagen más real de la diversidad de condiciones de estas mujeres afrodescendientes en el territorio antillano durante el siglo XIX. En este trabajo se pretende, a partir de distintos estudios de caso, contribuir a ese retrato poliédrico de estas mujeres. Señalar los casos de mujeres que mediante estrategias de supervivencia mejoraron su posición económica o lucharon por sus derechos, pero sin olvidar las vidas truncadas por el sistema colonial. En definitiva, este artículo quiere recuperar mediante los documentos de archivo las experiencias vitales de las mujeres negras y mulatas en Cuba, un grupo social que merece su lugar en la historia de la isla.
Development and Validation of The Social Media Interaction Scale for Youth
Authors: Shafiq Sameera , Nasreen Shumaila , Baig Mirza Sikandar Yab
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the development and validation of the Social Media Interaction Scale (SMIS) using a cross-sectional correlation research design. Participants were selected using probability random sampling methods with sample size calculated on the basis of Yamane Formula. Social media usage was defined as various internet tools emphasizing social communication and creative expression. Informed consent was taken and confidentiality was maintained. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 respectively. Phase I focused on interviews with the experts and developed item pool. Phase II carried out content validity. Phase III comprised a try-out. In Phase IV, the sample sufficiency was assessed using KMO and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity on a probability sample of 306 students (19 to 25 years). Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation and Kaiser Normalization identified three distinct components: Cognitive Engagement (CE), Behavioral Engagement (BE), and Affective Engagement (AE). Another probability sample of 257 students yielded the values of CMIN/DF ratio were 3.2. The goodness of fit index (GFI), as well as the comparative fit index (CFI), were estimated to be equal to .912 and .914 respectively. Phase V analyzed the concurrent validity and Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients were 0.22 (p <0.01) and 0.86 respectively on a sample of 257 students. Conclusively, SMIS is a valid and reliable instrument developed to measure the phenomenon of social media engagement among youth. The SMIS is useful for screening youth with overindulgence tendencies in social media and to provide guidance and counselling in this aspect.
The Relationship between Indecisiveness and Academic Procrastination in Pakistani Students from Single-Parent Households
Authors: Fayyaz Maham , Nizam din Saira , Malik Faiza , Tareen Naghma
Published: February 2025

There is limited literature on indecisiveness and academic procrastination, particularly among students living with single parents in Pakistan. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between indecisiveness and academic procrastination among Pakistani students living with single parents, addressing a gap in research on these issues within this specific cultural context. The current research utilized a cross-sectional correlational design with purposive sampling to assess these variables in a sample of 120 college and university students (120 men, 30 women), with a mean age of 21.14 years and a standard deviation of 3.37. Two questionnaires were used to assess the study variables: the Academic Procrastination Scale and the Indecisiveness Scale. The results show a significant positive relationship between indecisiveness and academic procrastination, with higher levels of indecisiveness strongly linked to increased procrastination behaviors among Pakistani students living with a single parent. The regression analysis further suggests that indecisiveness significantly contributes to academic procrastination, highlighting the role of decision-making difficulties in fostering procrastination tendencies among students from single-parent households. The study offers comprehensive implications for students, parents, and the government to decline students’ procrastination and elevate the decision making skills.
The Socioeconomic Vulnerability of Linemen in Pakistan’s Electricity Distribution Sector: A Sociological Analysis of Labor Inequalities
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Sabir Imran
Published: February 2025

Linemen in Pakistan’s electricity distribution sector play an important and vital role to ensure unintrepted and smooth power supply to the consumers. To maintain electricity supply, they work under severe health and safety conditions. They face hazardous environments, wage disparities, job insecurity and weak labor protections. This study deals with socioeconomic and occupational inequalities between contractual and permanent linemen in a sociological lense. Findings reveal that contractual linemen earn 40% less than permanent workers in Punjab. They are experiencing significantly high workplace injury, disbility and fatality. Weak regulatory enforcement and employer driven approaches have worsen labor conditions. They are facing socioeconomic inequality and severe work conditions. Comparative labor analysis highlights that developed countries offer stronger worker protection, health and work safetyresulting reduction in workplace fatalities of the linemen. This study digout policy reforms to improve workplace safety of the linemen working in Pakistan electricity distribution sector. This also suggests wage parity and establish employer responsibility to secure the precious lives of linemen.
Formación docente en competencias interculturales y el efecto en la calidad de la enseñanza
Authors: Pérez Pinto María Guadalupe , Aquino Zúñiga Silvia Patricia , Cisneros Chacón Edith Juliana , Berttolini Díaz Gilda María
Published: February 2025

Las instituciones de educación superior centran la educación en el desarrollo de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y valores que le permitan al egresado desempeñarse en el ámbito laboral y social. En las universidades interculturales, para lograr este objetivo, se requiere que los docentes posean competencias que les permitan impartir una enseñanza, considerando la diversidad de perspectivas culturales y lingüísticas. El artículo analiza temas relacionados con las estrategias utilizadas para la formación docente en competencias interculturales, así como su efecto en la calidad educativa. La metodología utilizada fue la revisión documental, consultando bases de datos como Google Académico, Redalyc, Scielo y DOAJ. Tras el análisis de la información acerca de las estrategias utilizadas en preparar a los docentes para que sean competentes en el aula, se concluye que la formación del docente es primordial para alcanzar los objetivos educativos. Para ello, se recomienda evaluar cuidadosamente los perfiles profesionales e identificar las necesidades de formación y emplearlo como fundamento para estructurar los planes de actualización continua, ajustados al enfoque de la institución. Además, se resalta la pertinencia de explorar otras vías a través de la investigación educativa, lo que enriquecerá aún más la formación y desempeño del docente.
Qualitative Estimation of Heavy Metals in Water of Himri Ganga by limit test
Authors: Dixit Minhas , Kumar Pramod
Published: February 2025

Water along with life are connected. Ever since the first living thing migrated from the sea to the land, preserving hydration has been a critical component of survival. Collection of samples from Himri Ganga and A limit test was conducted to find and manage a minor amount of impurity that was probably present in the Himri ganga sample. To identify inorganic impurities in a substance, this is done. Limit tests for iron, sulphate, and chloride were performed. It was discovered that the Himri Ganga contains very little chloride, no sulphate, and no iron, making the water safe for human consumption.
Towards a cohesive circular food economy: A motivation opportunity ability (MOA) approach to understanding an emerging group of practitioners in Metro Vancouver
Authors: Burkholder Emily , Soma Tammara , Winstanley Marena , McCarney Geoff
Published: February 2025

Nearly half of the food produced in Canada is lost or wasted, leading to negative environmental impacts and contributing to rising levels of food insecurity. The circular food economy (CFE) has been proposed by stakeholders and policymakers as a potential framework for solving the food waste problem through a variety of business and non­profit food-related waste reduction and prevention initiatives, creating a community-based circular food system. This research asks: How do indivi­duals working in the food sector mobilize CFE practices in their work? What are the motivations, opportunities, and abilities influencing those working in the emerging CFE sector in Metro Vancouver? To answer these questions, this research ana­lyzed interview data from food sector stakeholders (n = 22) contributing to the Metro Vancouver CFE. This study applies the motivation opportu­nity ability (MOA) framework to guide data anal­ysis. The findings indicate that there are conflicting priorities to CFE approaches in Metro Vancouver, leading to a lack of cohesion among initiatives and to barriers to a more equitable CFE. Stakeholders contributing to the CFE notice competing visions in best practices to reduce waste leading to a para­dox of managing waste instead of prevention.
Una mirada más de cerca a la libertad económica en Puerto Rico
Authors: Carrión-Tavárez Ángel
Published: February 2025

Este es el Capítulo 3 de Libertad Económica de Norteamérica 2023 (EFNA 2023). Este capítulo del informe EFNA 2023 ofrece información sobre el proceso de incorporación de Puerto Rico al índice de todos los gobiernos y al índice subnacional, incluyendo una descripción de los datos y los resultados obtenidos. También ofrece algunas notas breves sobre permisos de negocio y restricciones por COVID-19 en la Isla. Finalmente, se aborda cómo la falta de libertad económica está afectando a Puerto Rico y se proponen posibles cursos de acción y métodos para aumentar aún más la precisión y comparabilidad de las puntuaciones y clasificaciones de Puerto Rico en la próxima edición.
Pendidikan Empati: Kontribusi Pandangan Edith Stein bagi Rekonstruksi Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik di Indonesia
Authors: Watratan Elisabeth , Fatlolon Costantinus
Published: February 2025

Empathy has become an integral component of the contemporary educational curriculum. This study has been formulated as a review of literature employing a critical-exposition methodology to examine Edith Stein's ideas on empathy and education, as well as her impact on Catholic Religious Education (CRE). The primary objective is to elucidate Stein's perspectives on empathy and education with the purpose of enhancing religious educational practices and fostering empathy in both educators and students within Catholic educational institutions. The fundamental inquiry of this research is: "What role does Edith Stein's concepts of empathy and education play in shaping Catholic Religious Education?" The results of this analysis indicate that Stein's beliefs regarding empathy as a deliberate effort to comprehend others' experiences and education as a structured endeavor to humanize students in all facets are particularly significant in reforming CRE within Catholic schools at primary and secondary levels in Indonesia. Key aspects include a comprehensive anthropological outlook, well-defined and sustainable educational objectives, tailored instructional materials reflecting students' interests, abilities, and circumstances, experiential teaching methods, and the essential traits of humility, faithfulness, and adherence to Church teachings in educators.
Analysis of benefits and drawbacks of using hybrid drive special purpose vehicles
Authors: Gallas Dawid , Michalak Piotr , Cichy Rafał
Published: February 2025

The article aims to analyze and assess the economic and ecological advantages and disadvantages of switching from conventional drives to hybrid drives and hydrogen fuel cells in special purpose vehicles used in railway maintenance. The environmental regulations regarding exhaust emissions restrict the rolling stock options for rail operators. However, legislation alone is insufficient to further promote the use of more ecological vehicle drive solutions. Hence it is necessary that such new vehicles are also able to offer economic and operational benefits, that can encourage their adoption into the rolling stock. Such cost-benefit analysis was conducted to assess the likelihood and rate of adoption of this type of technology. This included a literature analysis, fuel, hydrogen and electricity cost projections and a SWOT analysis of the vehicles. The cost predictions of analyzed fuels varied significantly, in most cases electric energy being the cheapest, and the most expensive case of diesel fuel still remaining cheaper than hydrogen fuel.
A STUDY OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE OF RETIRED GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES OF NAINITAL REGION
Authors: Kumar Arya Dr Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

The number of elderly people worldwide is rising, which is significant at this time, as a result of the increased life expectancy that was nearly questioned in industrialized nations from the beginning to the end of the 20th century. The population's age distribution is shifting as the percentage of senior citizens rises. as a result of continuous economic growth and the ensuing modifications to family dynamics. The elderly experience issues and lose their meaning and relevance in their own homes. People have a social circle that expands during productive age, while it contracts after retirement. When a person settles in a new place, they adapt to the social and cultural conditions, developing a specific interaction pattern with locals. This can be cordial, formal, or hostile, depending on individual personalities and the social set-up. Culture and society are different, with culture being a system of behaviour shared by members, and society being an organized group of individuals. Sociologists classify cultures into material and non-material, with manmade objects being civilization and internal customs and beliefs being non-material cultures. After retirement, individuals evolve into their social surroundings, moving from active working professionals to more participatory roles. Retirement offers relief from job stress and opportunities to explore interests, but also results in job loss, income reduction, and loss of status. Many retirees still maintain special bonds with childhood friends, which can be attributed to the availability of free time to explore old contacts. Neighbours' relationships with retirees are also affected by factors like introverted behaviour, unmanageable neighbours, and loud music. Pets and animals are considered essential for managing emotional swings and loneliness, with the majority having at least one dog as a family pet. Religious activities are also highly rated leisure activities for retirees, providing companionship and self-respect. In this study, we have tried to explain the impact of socio-cultural aspects of retirees on their retirement life and vice-versa.
Fourth (4th) Industrial Revolution In Enhancing Local Economic Development In South African Local Government: E-Governance Effects And Deliverance
Authors: Delphus Dr. Maela Khutso , Joyce Dr. Sethu Mahlodi
Published: February 2025

This studyexaminesthe efficacy of the 4thindustrial revolution in enhancing local economic development strategy in South African local government. The studyargues that 4IR offers South African local governments manyopportunities to improve their local economic development policies. Local governments can stimulate economic growth, increase public services, improve the quality of life for their inhabitants, and inspire innovation by utilising digital technology and supporting skills development. The studyrelies heavily on secondary data, wherein existing literature and journals will be used to supplement the argument. The studyadvocates for qualitative research methodology. This studyfound differences in access to 4IR benefits because many rural and underserved metropolitan regions lack the infrastructure for high-speed internet and contemporary communication technology. Additionally, local governments sometimes have tight budgets, which makes it challenging to invest in the infrastructure and technology required for 4IR. Thestudyrecommends that improvements in infrastructure, economic diversification, skill development, public service delivery, and inclusive growth are some of the major dimensions that can be used to assess how well the 4IR is enhancing LED strategies in South African local governments.The studyfurther contributes to the wider debate on democratization, particularly the transformation of public institutions and service delivery.
Terminating Fiduciary Obligations: Is There a Duty of Loyalty to Former Clients?
Authors: Zhou Jack
Published: February 2025

The law concerning judicial disqualification of lawyers acting against former clients currently depends on whether there is a risk of misuse of the former client’s confidential information. The House of Lords’ decision in Prince Jefri Bolkiah v KPMG held that fiduciary obligations do not survive the termination of the retainer. By contrast, in Spincode v Look Software, the Victorian Court of Appeal recognised a fiduciary ‘duty of loyalty’ following termination of the retainer, which involves a ‘negative equitable obligation’ enjoining lawyers from acting against a former client in the same or closely related matter. This article argues that this basis exists as a matter of fiduciary doctrine. Drawing on the late Paul Finn’s notion of ‘misuse liability’ as an aspect of the fiduciary principle, a lawyer acting against their former client in the same matter amounts to a misuse of fiduciary position even after the retainer’s termination.
Corporate Alter Ego Liability in Equity
Authors: Glister Jamie , Tang Calida
Published: February 2025

A new form of equitable third party liability is starting to develop in Australian law. Companies used by wrongdoing fiduciaries to further their breaches of duty have always been susceptible to liability on the standard Barnes v Addy grounds of knowing receipt or knowing assistance. Even when a company was owned and controlled by the fiduciary, that company would still be treated as a discrete third party and liable on its own account for its participation in the fiduciary’s wrong. But this new type of corporate alter ego liability works differently: here, the company and its human controller are treated as the same actor and their positions are conflated. This has important consequences for when the company can be made liable and for the nature and extent of the remedies available against it.
Corporate Whistleblowers and Financial Incentives
Authors: Tutton Jordan , Brand Vivienne
Published: February 2025

Corporate whistleblowing laws seek to encourage reporting of misconduct and ultimately ensure business practices align with the standards expected by the community. An imminent review will evaluate whether past legislative change has been successful in achieving these objectives in Australia. The review is also an opportunity to consider the desirability of proposed reforms, including offering financial incentives to whistleblowers who contribute significantly to enforcement activities. Since the last inquiry into Australian corporate whistleblowing legislation, scholarship has emerged on the effectiveness of incentives. Meanwhile, incentive programs in the United States and Canada have matured such that they can be carefully evaluated. Drawing on these extensive materials, this article provides a state-of-the-art perspective on whistleblower incentives in Australia. It concludes that a whistleblower award program would be an evidence-based option for any future reform directed at maintaining and improving standards of Australian business conduct.
Povreda svetih slika i huljenje u vrsarskoj pravnoj zbirci
Authors: Milotić Ivan , Jaramaz Reskušić Ivana
Published: February 2025

Premda je huljenje ili blasfemija najbolje poznato iz partikularnih pravnih režima srednjovjekovne i novovjekovne kršćanske Europe, kao pravni institut izvorno je oblikovano u Justinijanovu pravu, a njegova je primjena bila je uvjetovana ispunjenjem precizno određenih pretpostavaka. To je institut evanđeoske i kanonske provenijencije, a u Justinijanovu je pravu izrastao u svjetovni i javnopravni, delictum publicum. Kao dio opće pravne tradicije u srednjemu je vijeku posvuda prihvaćen u partikularnim statutarnim režimima. U ovome članku analizira se huljenje u Vrsarskoj grofoviji, kao omalenu ozemlju koje je stoljećima neprekidno bilo pod vlašću porečkoga biskupa i imalo status crkvene grofovije. Osim huljenja kao općeg crimen, koji se sastoji u verbalnoj pogrdi božanskih i svetačkih osoba, grofovijski je pravni poredak regulirao posebno i realni (opredmećeni) oblik – povredu svetih slika, koja se u statutarnim uređenjima inače pojavljuje iznimno rijetko. Upravo je povreda svetih slika regulirana statutarnim pravilima Vrsarske grofovije predmet analize izložene u ovome članku, a pritom se propituje kontekst njezina uređenja baš u crkvenoj grofoviji te se određuje pravna narav kao delictum speciale u odnosu prema huljenju.
Institut uvjetnog otpusta u praksi Visokog kaznenog suda Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Bitanga Marijan , Kapikul Marina
Published: February 2025

Autori su u svrhu što boljeg upoznavanja s problematikom teme metodom slučajnog odabira pregledali predmete iz novoosnovanog upisnika I Kž-uv Visokog kaznenog suda Republike Hrvatske od početka rada 1. siječnja 2021. pa zaključno s 31. prosinca 2023., dakle za prve tri godine rada toga suda, a u povodu žalbe protiv rješenja prvostupanjskih sudova kojima se odobrava ili odbija prijedlog zatvorenika (ranije i kaznionice) za uvjetni otpust. Predmeti su analizirani s pozicija ispunjenja zakonskih uvjeta za odobravanje uvjetnog otpusta u smislu članka 59. KZ/11, i to kroz omjer izdržanog i neizdržanog dijela kazne zatvora u slučaju odobravanja uvjetnog otpusta u vezi sa zakonom propisanim minimumom od najmanje polovine kazne na koju je zatvorenik osuđen, ali ne manje od tri mjeseca. Nadalje, pri analizi predmeta razmotrene su okolnosti iz članka 59. stavka 2. KZ/11 kojima se sud rukovodi prilikom odlučivanja o prijedlogu za uvjetni otpust, a koje se utvrđuju na temelju izvješća kaznionice odnosno zatvora u kojem zatvorenik izdržava kaznu. Izvješće sadrži i mišljenje kaznionice o prijedlogu za uvjetni otpust kao obvezni element koji se razmatra te izvješća probacijskog ureda i dostupne podatke zavoda za socijalnu skrb kao fakultativne elemente u korelaciji s osnovnim ciljem kojim se sud rukovodi, a to je utemeljeno očekivanje da zatvorenik neće počiniti novo kazneno djelo, koje je dijagnostičke naravi. Kroz pregled sudske prakse autori su pokušali dati odgovore na praktične dileme koje su se pojavile prilikom odlučivanja u žalbenom postupku, kao i istaknute normativne nedostatke koji prate Zakon o izvršavanju kazne zatvora iz 2021., prvenstveno u pogledu ovlaštenika za podnošenje prijedloga za uvjetni otpust i žalbe na prvostupanjsko rješenje, kao i dati odgovor na pitanje je li novo uređenje instituta uvjetnog otpusta tegobnije za zatvorenike i kakve konzekvence ono izaziva.