bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Golden Age of Psychodrama at Saint Elizabeths Hospital (1939–2004)
Authors: Buchanan Dale Richard , Swink David Franklin
Published: January 2018

The Psychodrama Program at Saint Elizabeths Hospital (SEH) was founded by J. L. Moreno, MD, and contributed to the profession for 65 years. A strong case can be made that, next to the Moreno Institute, the SEH psychodrama program was the most influential center for psychodrama in the United States and the world. This article describes those contributions, including training 16% of all certified psychodramatists; enhancing and advancing the body of knowledge base through more than 50 peer-reviewed published articles or book chapters; pioneering the use of psychodrama in law enforcement and criminal justice; and its trainees making significant contributions to the theory and practice of psychodrama including but not limited to founding psychodrama in Australia and New Zealand.
A Comprehensive Framework for Developing Industry Scenarios
Authors: Butuner Hakan
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this paper is to help a business to develop scenarios for the future of its industry. It is intended to find the factors that would affect and change the outlook mostly in the current status and anticipated future, based on the results obtained from environmental analysis.By using the trends to be revealed by the environmental analysis, it is possible to anticipate how the field of business in which we operate or plan to enter will evolve in the future. The status is reviewed according to the assumptions and the results to be obtained are evaluated. Thus, assumptions are grouped under various scenarios, their potential impacts on the industry are identified, and the potential status in the industry is defined.
CHALLENGES THE MEXICAN FAMILY OF ENTREPRENEURS FACES
Authors: Saldaña Yolanda , Ruiz Fernando , Gaona Laura , Nahuat Juan Jesús , Peña Kelly Muñoz
Published: January 2018

Given that the Mexican family provides more support and assurance than the State, the family still takes an important place in the Mexican`s life. Therefore, this work describes and analyzes how this phenomenon can impact the profitability and continuity of the family businesses in our country. To achieve this objective it was done a documentary interdisciplinary consultation including classic authors of the Mexican`s psychology and present contributions from the field of the family business. The results obtained showed that the expectations that a family who owns a business has respect to the family and the family business itself have an effect on the assets and the family business`s legacy. It is concluded that it is not about to nullify the influence of the family in the family business, but rather to manage it adequately.
IS THE CLUB CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS VALID FOR TURKEY TOURISM MARKET?
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Öztürk Erdoğan , Güngör Şule
Published: January 2018

This study empirically revisits and investigates the tourism convergence via using the convergence club algorithm developed by Phillips and Sul (2007: Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests. Econometrica.75, 1771–1855).  Abbott, De Vita and Altinay (2012: Revisiting The Convergence Hypothesis For Tourism Markets: Evidence From Turkey Using The Pairwise Approach. Tourism Management, 33, 537-544.) not to support club convergence hypothesis valid for Turkey tourism market. Yilanci and Eris (2012: Are tourism markets of Turkey converging or not? A Fourier stationary analysis. Anatolia, 23, 207-216 ) and, Ozcan and Erdogan (2015: Are Turkey's tourism markets converging? Evidence from the two-step LM and three-step RALS-LM unit root. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-18 ) support convergence hypothesis valid for some Turkey tourism market among countries. Therefore, unlike the findings of previously studies, we submit a club convergence for Turkey.
Effect of Indoor Air Pollution on Acute Respiratory Infection among Children in India
Authors: Ashwani Kumar , Kalosona Paul
Published: January 2018

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a major concern in India in recent years because women and young children are highly exposed to smoke of various types of unclean fuels used for cooking and heating in the household result into risk of respiratory disorders among them. The paper aims to seek association between prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children less than five years of age and use of cooking fuels in households of India. The analysis is based on 52,868 Children less than five years of age included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-2006. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of ARI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. The results indicate that Children under five years of age living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of ARI than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.38-1.72; p = .010). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population still rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and heating. Decreasing household biomass and solid fuel use and increasing use of improved stove technology may decrease the health effects of indoor air pollution. More epidemiological research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of ARI is needed to validate the findings.
Genetic Evidence That Carbohydrate-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Leads to Obesity
Authors: Astley Christina M , Todd Jennifer N , Salem Rany M , Vedantam Sailaja , Ebbeling Cara B , Huang Paul L , Ludwig David S , Hirschhorn Joel N , Florez Jose C
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

A fundamental precept of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity is that insulin secretion drives weight gain. However, fasting hyperinsulinemia can also be driven by obesity-induced insulin resistance. We used genetic variation to isolate and estimate the potentially causal effect of insulin secretion on body weight.

METHODS

Genetic instruments of variation of insulin secretion [assessed as insulin concentration 30 min after oral glucose (insulin-30)] were used to estimate the causal relationship between increased insulin secretion and body mass index (BMI), using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of genome-wide association studies. Data sources included summary results from the largest published metaanalyses of predominantly European ancestry for insulin secretion (n = 26037) and BMI (n = 322154), as well as individual-level data from the UK Biobank (n = 138541). Data from the Cardiology and Metabolic Patient Cohort study at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 1675) were used to validate genetic associations with insulin secretion and to test the observational association of insulin secretion and BMI.

RESULTS

Higher genetically determined insulin-30 was strongly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.098, P = 2.2 × 10−21), consistent with a causal role in obesity. Similar positive associations were noted in sensitivity analyses using other genetic variants as instrumental variables. By contrast, higher genetically determined BMI was not associated with insulin-30.

CONCLUSIONS

Mendelian randomization analyses provide evidence for a causal relationship of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on body weight, consistent with the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity.
ANALYSIS OF STORED DATA HELP TO PROPOSE AND GENERATE NEW TRACKS
Authors: Jirkovsky Vaclav
Published: January 2018

During experiments on vehicle simulators a large amount of data is stored. On these data, it is possible to trace some similarities in the behavior of drivers in certain areas or when performing the same task. We can assume that if the driver performs a certain type of experiment, his behavior exhibits certain traits. These elements of common behavior can be used to create virtual track for
experiments. Which elements and how they can be used is described in this article. The algorithm for automatic creation of virtual track based on type of experiment is provided. It will help us to define the purpose of measurement and the track could be generated automatically.
INFLUENCE OF HMI ERGONOMY ON DRIVERS IN COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS AREA
Authors: Jizba Tomáš
Published: January 2018

Modern vehicles are getting smarter and utilize more and more the advantages of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Deployment of upcoming technologies, such as cooperative systems (V2X), will most likely be the key step towards a significant reduction of accidents across the globe. Some of these systems extend driver’s field of vision, so the driver can be forewarned against a wide range of threats. Unlike technology, the human processing capacity has remained almost unchanged over centuries. Therefore, it is necessary to bear in mind that drivers have restricted capabilities to process multiple warnings. In this context, an important question arises: How can be V2X warnings integrated into the Human Machine Interface (HMI) of vehicles, and what warning policy is needed to ensure high usability, acceptance, efficiency and understanding of such a warning interface from the driver’s point of view. Using a human centered design approach, two concepts of visual driver-vehicle interface for V2X warnings were developed and evaluated. One of those interfaces was based on a 1-stage warning policy and the second one utilized a dynamic 3-stage warning approach. The research revealed that drivers prefer to have dynamic warnings that correspond with the level of danger to which they are exposed, rather than only one warning displayed in a situation of imminent danger. However, with regards to overall usability score and workload measurements, results showed that the 3-stage system performed worse in comparison with the 1-stage system.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE FRONTAL IMPACT PARAMETERS
Authors: Mík Josef , Kadlecová Jana
Published: January 2018

The article considers a possible improvement of road vehicle safety by using eCall – a system which initiates an emergency call in case of traffic accident. A possible way of better description of a frontal impact accident of a vehicle is examined and enriched by the information from the onboard e-call unit. In this article, we analyze results of frontal crash tests with different types of barriers and overlapping area and look for the correlation between the individual vehicle and collision parameters in order to provide a better description of the severity of the accident by the eCall system. The relation among the selected parameters is described using the correlation analysis.
THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT
Authors: Skolilova Petra
Published: January 2018

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.
HYBRID CONTINUUM-DISCONTINUUM MODELLING OF ROCK FRACUTRE PROCESS IN BRAZILIAN TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
Authors: An Huaming , Liu Hongyuan , Wang Xuguang , Shi Jianjun , Han Haoyu
Published: January 2018

A hybrid continuum-discontinuum method is introduced to model the rock failure process in Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test. The key component of the hybrid continuum-discontinuum method, i.e. transition from continuum to discontinuum through fracture and fragmentation, is introduced in detail. A laboratory test is conducted first to capture the rock fracture pattern in the BTS test while the tensile strength is calculated according to the peak value of the loading forces. Then the proposed method is used to model the rock behaviour during BTS test. The stress propagation is modelled and compared with those modelled by finite element method in literatures. In addition, the crack initiation and propagation are captured and compared with the facture patter in laboratory test. Moreover, the force-loading displacement curve is obtained which represents a typical brittle material failure process. Furthermore, the stress distributions along the vertical direction are compared with the theoretical solution. It is concluded that the hybrid continuum-discontinuum method can model the stress propagation process and the entire rock failure process in BTS test. The proposed method is a valuable numerical tool for studying the rock behaviour involving the fracture and fragmentation processes.
DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF ROOT PILES IN TUNNEL FOUNDATION REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Ding Hao , Su Linjian , Lai Jinxing , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: January 2018

Over the past couple of decades, root piles as the new tool for addressing a number of tough problems have been gaining a continually increasing interest in tunnel, especially for complex geological conditions. Therefore, in order to promote the development and application of root piles in tunnel engineering, this paper systematically sorts out the research status and development prospect of root piles from the application in foundation underpinning to reinforcement of tunnel foundation. Firstly, the type and development process of root piles are discussed. Secondly, the reinforcement mechanism of the root piles in the tunnel base is refined and combed: the reinforcement mechanism analysis focuses on frictional resistance of soil around pile, soil among piles, and piles. Thirdly, the calculation method of reinforced tunnel foundation is studied from the bearing of vertical load, horizontal load and pile reinforcement design. And through the engineering case, the paper illustrates the reinforcement effect of the root pile in ensuring the stability of the tunnel and the concrete process of the root piles in the tunnel construction. Finally, the problem and development prospect of root piles are discussed, so as to provide new perspectives and fundamental data for the research on tunnel engineering.
CALIBRATION OF VISSIM MODEL FOR MULTILANE HIGHWAYS USING SPEED FLOW CURVES
Authors: Srikanth Seelam , Mehar Arpan , Parihar Asish
Published: January 2018

Traffic flow is a complex phenomenon that needs better understanding of basic conceptsand methods for its analysis. As a solution to practical problems, computer simulation has beenproved to be a powerful tool in replicating complex traffic systems which allows experimentation tothe basic traffic flow system. Various methods are available in literature, some of the methods usestatistical tools to verify the difference between simulated and actual outputs and some are basedon optimization which tries to minimize the error. For the present work, suitable methodology isadopted for the calibration process. Field data is collected, statistical tests are performed. For thesimulation, VISSIM microscopic simulation tool is used and data analysis is performed byconsidering individual parameters and performance measures like speed, volume and randomseed number. Statistical tests have been performed to check the sensitivity of the differentsimulation parameters. Calibration is done using trial and error method and optimization isperformed using solver function. The maximum simulated flow rate was found with default valuesas 4599 veh/hr, and with calibrated values is 5147 veh/hr which is close to the target capacity 4958veh/hr as obtained using field composition. Calibrated values of CC0 and CC1 and CC2parameters were found as most optimized values to achieve target capacity. Finally, validation ofcalibrated parameter was performed by using different section of a multilane highway.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF BOLT ANCHORED CATENARY ON TUNNEL LINING UNDER THE AERODYNAMIC LOAD
Authors: Ren Zhong-xin , Guo Hong , Su Yong-tao
Published: January 2018

In order to study the influence of Bolt anchored catenary on tunnel lining under the aerodynamic load, the paper takes a tunnel on Qinhuangdao -Shenyang Railway as an example.The force of lining structure is studied using numerical simulation based on the research and analysis of relevant theory and model test results. Firstly, the variation of the air pressure in the tunnel was calculated caused by the train when it is passing through the tunnel at different speeds (200 ~ 400km/h). Then, by ANSYS the aerodynamic load calculated by FLUENT is applied to the simplified catenary suspension. The main results are as follows: 1. The maximum normal stress of tunnel lining with train speed according to the power law, and maximum normal stress with train speed according to quadratic function relation; 2. Tunnel lining is subjected to push-pull stress because the magnitude and direction of aerodynamic loads change with the advance of the train; 3. The lining structure is mainly subjected to the stress of the Y direction, and this stress should not be neglected when design the structure of tunnel secondary lining. 4. The load spectrum of the lining structure under different train speed is given. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the optimization design of tunnel lining structure.
INFLUENCE OF GLASS POWDER AND STEEL SLAG ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE: A REVIEW
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Rahman Zia ur , Khan Muhammad Kamran
Published: January 2018

To overcome the scarcity of natural resources as construction material and to reduce the hazards from industries, industrial wastes can play a very significant role. In this paper, the influence of glass powder and steel slag is reviewed. It is concluded that glass powder and steel slag can upset some portion of concrete thereby providing significant improvement in mechanical properties of concrete consequently reducing the environmental hazards from industries.
FAULT-RELATED INSTABILITY PROBLEMS OF TUNNELS - THE HOST ROCK SLIP CRITERION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TUNNELING-INDUCED SHEAR DISPLACEMENTS
Authors: Liu Jian-guo , Zhou Xiao-jun , Xiao Qing-hua , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2018

As one of the fault-related instability problems of tunnels, rock slip along fault plane is closely related to the shear strength of a fault, and usually causes irrecoverable and sometimes catastrophic engineering problems. In this paper, based on continuum assumption and Coulomb-slip failure, a criterion to evaluate rock slip along the fault plane was proposed for a circular tunnel in rock masses containing a fault. A mathematical equation that describes the relationship between required shear strength of a fault and horizontal stress ratio, fault spatial extension and location was established. From the equation, the influences of the important parameters on the required shear strength of a fault was analysed after a numerical validation was performed. Besides, the effects of fault spatial extension and location on the tunnelling-induced shear displacements were characterized through numerical models. Characteristics of the tunnelling-induced shear displacements at the excavation wall indicated that fault location with respect to the tunnel dominates the nonuniform rock deformations at excavation wall, and larger fault dip angles could lead to larger shear displacements in some specific pair cases. The presented investigation provides both a deeper insight into the instability problems of tunnels related to a fault and a guideline for tunnel support design.
DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM FOR ATOM INTERFEROMETRY BY USING SLIDING MODE CONTROL
Authors: Luo Dong-Yun , Cheng Bing , Wu Bin , Wang Xiao-Long , Lin Qiang
Published: January 2018

Active vibration isolation is gaining increased attention in the ultra-high precision application of atom interferometry to effectively treat the unavoidable ground vibration. In this system, a digital control subsystem is used to process and feedback the vibration measured by a seismometer. A voice coil actuator is used to control and cancel the motion of a commercial passive vibration isolation platform. The system level simulation model is established by Simulink software, The simulation results demonstrate the asymptotic stability of the system and the robustness of the control algorithm. Compared with the conventional lead–lag compensation type controller, the algorithm adopted uses sliding mode control, taking advantage of its easy computer implementation and its robust high performance properties. With the feedback path closed, the system acts like a spring system with a natural resonance frequency of 0.02 Hz. The vibration noise in the vertical direction is about 20 times reduced during 0.1 and 2 Hz, The experimental results verify that the isolator has significant vibration isolation performance, and it is very suitable for applications in high precision gravity measurement.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SOFTENING CHARACTERISTICS OF ARGILLACEOUS SLATE W ITH WATER
Authors: Yang Chengzhong , Tang Yuqiang , Wang Wei , Wang Shufang
Published: January 2018

Because the stratification of argillaceous slate developed well, the anisotropy is obvious andit is easy to soften when encountering water, in the excavation, tunnel is easy to cause largedeformation and collapse. In order to understand the softening mechanism of argillaceous slate inwater and mechanical anisotropy and to provide refer ence for solving practical engineeringproblems, in this paper, introducing a n argillaceous slate highway tunnel project in Zixi County ofJiangxi province By preparing standard specimens in field sampling, the mineral compositionanalysis, water rationa l test and uniaxial compression test were carried out. The result shows: Themain mineral composition of argillaceous slate is sericite, inclusion of a few chlorite, quartz and soon. This composition makes obvious characteristics of soft rock. The influence of hydration on themechanical properties of argillaceous slate is large. With the increase of water content, the peakstrength shows a downward trend, while the Poisson ratio shows the characteristics of slow growth.At the same time, the mecha nical properties of argillaceous slate are obviously anisotropic by thedirection of stratification plane. The failure modes of argillaceous slate mainly include axial tension,local shear failure and shear failure along the stratification plane.
HOW MUCH DOES A MINUTE OF COMMUTING TIME COST? AN EXAMINATION OF PROPERTY PRICES IN RELATION TO DISTANCE TO THE CITY CENTER IN PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Lukavec Martin , Kadeřábková Božena
Published: January 2018

This paper sets out to explore the strength of the relationship between the proximity of a property to the city center and its price. Buyers are willing to pay extra for apartments or houses closer to the city center, but the extent of this willingness remains largely unexplored. Our research question is: How much does a minute of commuting time influence the price of an apartment in Prague? In other words, with every minute of commuting time, how much more is paid for a house or an apartment closer to the central business district (CBD)?Our analysis has found that on average, every minute of commuting time closer to the city center corresponds to an additional cost of CZK 43,390.45 for an average sized apartment in Prague. A regression analysis is graphically plotted in the Chart 1. We have also found that this relationship changes according to distance from the city center. For a commuting time of 1-20 minutes to the city center, the price increase is the highest: CZK 259,466.18 per minute. However, this figure is only CZK 55,809.01 for the interval of 21-40 minutes, and CZK 33,924.29 per minute for the interval of 41-55 minutes.
Variable Speed Drives as Elements of IoTSP for Industry 4.0
Authors: Pavelková Naděžda
Published: January 2018

News from variable speed drives remote monitoring, parametrization, diagnostics; tuning and maintenance. Variable speed drives as a part of Industry4.0 and IoTSP (Internet of Things, Services and People). Vision of integrated industry. Intelligent use of data to optimize industry, utility and infrastructure operation and increase productivity and flexibility.
Intelligent Protection of VSD Transformers
Authors: Brůha Martin , Nilsen Tore
Published: January 2018

Variable Speed Drives (VSD) protect themselves as well as the driven motors. In contrast, the isolation input transformer typically requires its dedicated protection. Unlike distribution and power transformers, the protection of VSD duty transformers need to consider several additional aspects, such as non-sinusoidal current with harmonic content, multi-winding design, phase-shifted converter windings etc. This paper aims to explain the challenges related to protection of VSD transformers. A guideline for reliable transformer protection based on good design practice is proposed. Finally the possibility to integrate the transformer protection into the VSD protection scheme is being explored.
Effect of different level of energy and crude fiber from sawdust in diets on carcass quality of broiler
Authors: Mandey J. S. , Kowel Y. H. S. , Regar M. N. , Leke J. R.
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different level of energy and crude fiber in diets containing sawdust on carcass quality of broilers. A total of 120 broilers were used for the research. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design in 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two dietary concentrations of energy and three dietary concentrations of crude fiber. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications (5 birds each) was reared during 35 days. The birds were housed in battery cages with ad libitum access to feed and water. During the experiment, feed intake, carcass yield, abdominal fat, blood LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance test followed by least significant difference test (LSD). Results showed that the diet with 3,100 Kcal/kg ME and 11% crude fiber significantly decreased feed intake, abdominal fat percentage, and blood LDL-cholesterol, but did not affect final body weight and the value of blood HDL-cholesterol and had the good value of carcass percentage. The diets containing sawdust with higher level of energy content decreased feed intake and the higher level of crude fiber decreased final body weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat. Optimum broiler performance and carcass quality was obtained by diet formulated to contain 3100 Kcal/kg ME and 11% crude fiber.
The optimation of farmers families' revenue the integration of Pasundan cattle and paddy farming in West Java
Authors: Tawaf R. , Paturochman M. , Herlina L. , Sulistyati M. , Fitriani A.
Published: January 2018

This research aimed to analyze the revenue optimization of farmer family with ratio of the most ideal farm scale in the integration of Pasundan cattle and paddy farm, and to analyze the most leveraging production factor towards the family revenue. The respondents were 94 farmers who had integrated farming between cattle and paddy. This research used survey method in four regions purposively based on Pasundan cattle centre. Data were analyzed with linear programming and production function of Cobb Douglass. The results were: (1) max Z = -(4,584,841x1+1574260 (x2+x3)) + (6,000,000jx1+4000000 (j x2 +j x3 )); this function consist of constraints: labour, transfer products between cattle and paddy farm, transfer fertilizer, capital of paddy farming in planting season-I and season-II. (2) Yintegration = 15,721,319.75 – 72.541 land – 1.317 fertilizer + 4.667 seeds + 487765.94 farminglabour + 6339170.199 cattlevalue – 935.559 feed + 162618.999 cattlelabour. There were some conclusions: First, the integration of Pasundan cattle and paddy farming produced the optimum family revenue/year, with ratio of 6.02 animal unit and 0.5 ha of paddy farming; Second, the production factor of agricultural land, labour, seeds, feed and capital (cattle) were explained (R2=87.66%) toward the integration revenue; Third, the variable which has the contribution to leverage the revenue was the capital of cattle (81.52%).
Penurunan Kadar Kromium Heksavalen (Cr6+) Dalam Limbah Batik Menggunakan Limbah Udang (Kitosan)
Authors: Natalina N. , Firdaus Hidayati
Published: January 2018

Industri batik menghasilkan limbah cair pada proses pewarnaan dan pelorodan. Limbah cair yang mengandung logam berat berbahaya ini seringkali dibuang ke badan sungai secara langsung, sehingga mencemari air sungai. Upaya pengolahan limbah cair industri batik perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi kandungan logam berat di dalamnya. Kitosan merupakan salah satu senyawa yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar logam kromium heksavalen (Cr6+) dalam limbah cair batik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kitosan dari limbah udang windu mampu menurunkan kadar kromium heksavalen (Cr6+) dalam limbah cair batik. Penelitian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan aliran kontinu. Kitosan dari limbah udang windu diproduksi melalui proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi, depigmentasi dan deasetiasi. Larutan K2Cr2O7 digunakan sebagai larutan pembanding dan kitosan murni digunakan sebagai kitosan pembanding. Berat kitosan yang digunakan dalam reaktor sebesar 2,8 gram. Laju alir di set-up sebesar 15 ml/menit. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada menit ke 0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40. Analisa dilakukan terhadap kandungan kromium hesavalen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan kromium heksavalen adalah 52,858% dan 71,782%, masing-masing untuk kitosan dari limbah udang windu dan kitosan murni
MIRU-VNTR analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Tehran, Sistan-Baluchestan, Kermanshah and Hormozgan during 2014 and 2015
Authors: Baghbanian Mahroo , Zandi Hengameh , Zamani Samin , Javadpour Sedigheh , Hamzehloo Gholam Reza , Feizabadi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: January 2018

Standard 15-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a valuable instrumentation for TB control. Our knowledge about the genetic diversity of MTB and population structure of MTB circulating in Iran is limited. During 2014–2015, 98 MTB isolates were collected from the TB centers of four provinces of Iran. Isolates were genetically characterized using 15-locus based MIRU-VNTR typing. Ninety-five distinct mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit MIRU-VNTR patterns were found among 98 isolates. 5 (5.1%) isolates grouped into 2 clusters and 93 (94.89%) isolates had a unique pattern. The HGDI was as high as 0.99 and 10 of loci were designated as highly discriminative. Clusters belonged to Tehran only. This indicates these patterns are rotating in Tehran. Unique patterns suggest that distribution of samples in each province and population differs. HGDI is higher than previous studies for MIRU-VNTR typing in Iran. We suggest MIRU-15 because it is a valid epidemiological background for clustering defined. Limited data is available on the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of MTB in Iran. To examine the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of MTB strains we genotyped a collection of isolates from four different parts of Iran. The method of 15-loci MIRU-VNTR demonstrated high discriminatory power and may be applied as a first-line genotyping instrumentation in investigating the molecular epidemiology of M. tuberculosis in Iran.
Expression of miR-373 and its predicted target genes E-cadherin and CD44 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Timirci-Kahraman í–zlem , Verim Ayşegül , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Turan Saime , í–zkan-Küçük Nazli Ezgi , Yaylim ć°lhan
Published: January 2018

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a genomically complex disease that is difficult to target, and efforts have been made to identify new treatment strategies and   molecular markers that might stratify patients and individualize options for treatment. miR-373 has diametrically opposed roles in different stages and types of cancers. miR-373 has been suggested to quantitatively control E-cadherin and CD44 expression. We studied the expression of miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluated the association between the disease and clinical characteristics of patients. Tumor tissues were collected from 24 laryngeal cancer patients. Adjacent normal tissue samples were also obtained as controls. After RNA isolation, we assessed the miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 levels. As endogenous controls, we used the small RNA U6 and GAPDH TaqMan® to normalize the levels of expression of miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44. The fold change in the expression of the genes in larynx tumor and control tissues was calculated using the 2-Î”Î”CT method. miR-373 was significantly upregulated in seventeen tumor samples compared to controls. However, the expression levels of both E-cadherin and CD44 mRNA were found to be significantly downregulated in tumor versus control regions (p=0.026 and p=0.005, respectively). We did not find any significant difference in the expression levels of miR-373, E-cadherin or CD44 and cancer risk factors. miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. It can be suggested that E-cadherin and CD44 are functional targets of miR-373, but we need further studies to investigate this hypothesis.
Protective effect of gel form of gastric gavage applicated aloe vera on ischemia reperfusion injury in renal and lung tissue
Authors: Sahin Hasan , Yener Ali Umit , Karaboga Ihsan , Sehitoglu Muserref Hilal , Dogu Tugba , Altinisik Hatice Betul , Altinisik Ugur , Simsek Tuncer
Published: January 2018

The aloe vera plant has become increasingly popular in recent years. This study aimed to research the effect of aloe vera to prevent renal and lung tissue damage in an experimental ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury model. The study included 21 male Wistar Albino rats, which were categorized into control group, n = 7 (no procedures), Sham group n = 7 (I/R); and aloe vera therapy group, n = 7 (aloe vera and I/R). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated from lung and kidney tissues for biochemical investigations. As histopathological, hematoxylin and eosin and anti-iNOS were also examined. In biochemical investigations, SOD, CAT, and GPx levels of the Sham group were found to be lower compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The aloe vera therapy group was not statistically different from control groups but significantly different compared with the Sham group. In the same way, the MDA levels of kidney and lung tissues were statistically significant in the aloe vera therapy group, compared to the Sham group. In the Sham group, the peribronchial and perialveolar edema were observed in lung parenchyma. Also, excess interstitial hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and alveolar wall thickening were identified in ischemic groups. The histopathological changes were much lighter than in the aloe vera therapy group. In renal tissues, excess epithelial cell deterioration, tubular desqumination, and glomerular atrophy were observed in the Sham group. The histopathological changes were markedly reduced in the aloe vera therapy  group. In the kidney and lung tissue, the level of iNOS activity in the Sham group was significantly higher than in the control and aloe vera therapy group. This study indicated that aloe vera is protective against oxidative damage formed by I/R in distant organs like the lungs and kidneys.
Genus Symphysodontella M. Fleisch. (Pterobryaceae: Bryophyta) - new to the moss flora of the Eastern Ghats
Authors: Daniels Albert Ebenezer Dulip , Preetha M M , Asha V , Biju P M
Published: January 2018

Surveys carried out in the Kolli Hills of Eastern Ghats resulted in the discovery of 2 species of Symphysodontella M. Fleisch. namely S. cylindracea (Mont.) M. Fleisch. and S. involuta (Thwaites & Mitt.) M. Fleisch. of which the former is new to the moss flora of India whereas the latter is new to the moss flora of Eastern Ghats. Detailed descriptions with figures substantiated by photo plates and a key to distinguish the two species are provided. Incidentally, genus Symphysodontella is new to the moss flora of Eastern Ghats.
The Stress-Induced Transcription Factor NR4A1 Adjusts Mitochondrial Function and Synapse Number in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Jeanneteau Freddy , Barrère Christian , Vos Mariska , De Vries Carlie J.M. , Rouillard Claude , Levesque Daniel , Dromard Yann , Moisan Marie-Pierre , Duric Vanja , Franklin Tina C. , Duman Ronald S. , Lewis David A. , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Arango-Lievano Margarita
Published: January 2018

The energetic costs of behavioral chronic stress are unlikely to be sustainable without neuronal plasticity. Mitochondria have the capacity to handle synaptic activity up to a limit before energetic depletion occurs. Protective mechanisms driven by the induction of neuronal genes likely evolved to buffer the consequences of chronic stress on excitatory neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), as this circuitry is vulnerable to excitotoxic insults. Little is known about the genes involved in mitochondrial adaptation to the buildup of chronic stress. Using combinations of genetic manipulations and stress for analyzing structural, transcriptional, mitochondrial, and behavioral outcomes, we characterized NR4A1 as a stress-inducible modifier of mitochondrial energetic competence and dendritic spine number in PFC. NR4A1 acted as a transcription factor for changing the expression of target genes previously involved in mitochondrial uncoupling, AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and synaptic growth. Maintenance of NR4A1 activity by chronic stress played a critical role in the regressive synaptic organization in PFC of mouse models of stress (male only). Knockdown, dominant-negative approach, and knockout ofNr4a1in mice and rats (male only) protected pyramidal neurons against the adverse effects of chronic stress. In human PFC tissues of men and women, high levels of the transcriptionally active NR4A1 correlated with measures of synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. In the context of chronic stress, prolonged expression and activity of NR4A1 may lead to responses of mitochondria and synaptic connectivity that do not match environmental demand, resulting in circuit malfunction between PFC and other brain regions, constituting a pathological feature across disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe bioenergetic cost of chronic stress is too high to be sustainable by pyramidal prefrontal neurons. Cellular checkpoints have evolved to adjust the responses of mitochondria and synapses to the buildup of chronic stress. NR4A1 plays such a role by controlling the energetic competence of mitochondria with respect to synapse number. As an immediate-early gene,Nr4a1promotes neuronal plasticity, but sustained expression or activity can be detrimental. NR4A1 expression and activity is sustained by chronic stress in animal models and in human studies of neuropathologies sensitive to the buildup of chronic stress. Therefore, antagonism of NR4A1 is a promising avenue for preventing the regressive synaptic reorganization in cortical systems in the context of chronic stress.
National Legal Reforms about Unofficial Marriage
Authors: Hartanto Dwiyana Achmad
Published: January 2018

The legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 perspective of national law reform are a progressive development of the law. The ruling granted part of the petition for judicial review of Article 2 (2) and Article 43 (1) of Law Number 1 in 1974 concerning Procurement of Articles 28B (1) and (2), and Article 28 D (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The review of Article 2 (2) of the Marriage Law is not granted because the Constitutional Court is of the opinion that marriage registration is not a marriage restriction, but an orderly form of administration. Material review Article 43 (1) of the Marriage Law is granted by the Constitutional Court so that the child is a legal child. The Constitutional Court's decision on the unofficial marriage has positive and negative implications. One of the positive implications is the recognition of the child's relationship status with his biological father as long as it can prove the relationship and have a negative impact because it creates a sense of calm for the offender unofficial marriage (nikah sirri) and increase the quantity.  Akibat hukum putusan MK No.46/PUU-VIII/2010 perspektif pembaharuan hukum nasional merupakan pembangunan hukum progresif. Putusan tersebut mengabulkan sebagian permohonan pengujian materiil pasal 2 (2) dan pasal 43 (1) UUP terhadap pasal 28B (1) dan (2), serta  pasal 28D (1) UUD NRI tahun 1945. Pengujian materiil pasal 2 (2) UUP tidak dikabulkan karena Mahkamah Konstitusi berpendapat pencatatan perkawinan bukan pembatasan perkawinan, melainkan bentuk tertib administrasi. Pengujian materiil pasal 43 (1) UUP dikabulkan MK, sehingga anak tersebut berstatus  anak sah. Fenomena nikah sirri menurut penulis, putusan MK mempunyai implikasi positif dan negatif. Berdampak positif adanya pengakuan status hubungan anak dengan ayah biologisnya sepanjang dapat membuktikan hubungan tersebut dan berdampak negatif karena menimbulkan rasa tenang bagi pelaku nikah sirri dan bertambah kuantitasnya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.4691
Legal Protection Against Indonesian Umrah Jemaah
Authors: Maggalatung Salman
Published: January 2018

Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra. Pelaksanaan Ibadah umrah di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Hal ini didorong dengan semakin baiknya kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia sehingga meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia untuk menjalankan ibadah Sunnah yang diyakininya. Oleh karena itu sudah menjadi kewajiban pemerintah memfasilitasi penyelenggaraan ibadah haji dan umrah agar pelaksanaannya menjadi baik dan tidak merugikan kepada calon jamaah Indonesia. Hal ini penting dikarenakan pada beberapa kasus banyak masalah yang terjadi dan merugikan baik moril maupun materil kepada jamaah. Untuk itu diperlukan perangkat hukum yang jelas dan pasti agar melindungi hak-hak jamaah sebagai konsumen penyelenggaraan ibadah haji dan umroh. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6582Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra. Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra.
Premenstrual Symptoms and Academic Performance Among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Padmavathi P. , Raja Sankar S. , Kokilavani N.
Published: January 2018

Premenstrual syndrome is a psychophysiological stress induced disorder. Stress disturbs the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure are the most important physiological response following stress.To correlate the premenstrual symptoms and academic performance among adolescent girls. A correlational survey was adopted for the study Setting: Higher secondary school, NamakkalDistrict. 60adolescentgirlsfulfillingtheinclusioncriteriawereselectedbysimplerandomsamplingtechnique.Allparticipantsweregiven a questionnaire to complete; questions were related to Baseline Proforma of adolescent girls, rating scale on the common premenstrual symptoms, Student life stress Inventory, Academic Demand Distress were given 40 minutes to complete the questionnaire. The findings revealed that, there was significantly higher numbers of symptoms perceived 8.46±2.9 follicular and 7.14±2.8, luteal, p=.001 and higher distress (1.25±0.41 follicular and 1.52±0.31 luteal, p=.003) in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. The academic demand component of academic stress measured daily frequency and distress associated with assignments, papers, projects/presentation and time studying. Within the follicular phase number of assignments due was significantly correlated to symptom perception and distress (.41, .31, respectively) and the number of projects/presentations due was correlated to symptom distress (.29) at p<.05. There were significant correlations between follicular phase symptom perception and distress, and luteal phase symptom distress with academic demand distress. There was significant correlation between premenstrual symptoms and academic performance.