bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding language and culture in the context of becoming a global citizen: A focus on African Languages
Authors:   University of South Africa, Mavesera Miidzo
Published: April 2021

While globalization seems to be the buzz word and an unavoidable ubiquitous phenomenon, it has mainly taken an economic face while other pillars of development lag behind. A distinct area is the social tolerance particularly language and culture. Cultural exchange programs have remained beneficial to satisfy tourist anxieties. The nagging question is, are world systems linked to accommodate citizens from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds? If so, why do we continue to promote certain languages at the expense of others? What needs to be done? Why should we promote indigenous languages? How best can it be done? This paper attempts to unravel the issue of sustainable globalization from the lenses of a language planner focusing on empowering African languages. In the discussion, it is argued that sustainable globalization should include soft issues of development like language planning because language is the soul of any community.
Film Review: ZANLA Comes to Town. Produced by Zimbabwe Heritage Trust. Length – 90 minutes.
Authors:   News Editor, The Patriot, Mushawevato Evans
Published: April 2021

Film Review ZANLA Comes to Town. Produced by Zimbabwe Heritage Trust. Length – 90 minutes.
‘Ngena ku Smart’
Authors:   Health and Safety Department,Queen’s Mine,Bubi District, Zimbabwe, Mutusva Ronard , Dlodlo Sindile ,   Midlands State University, Zimbabwe
Published: April 2021

This study brings out circumcision dilemmas and conflicts among the Xhosa people of Lortondale area in the Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe. The problem befell this community immediately after 2009 when Zimbabwe adopted results from Kenya, Uganda and South Africa in Orange farm that circumcision can curb HIV transmission by 60% from female to male and thus attention was given to medical circumcision, which is known as ‘smart’. Family disunity and disintegration are some of the results of conflicts, within some families whose members shunned the traditional practice. Interviews and focus group discussions were employed in gathering primary data for this study. They allowed access to first-hand information from the Xhosa people themselves. On the same note, one of the researchers has worked closely with this community for a year in other HIV/AIDS programs. This counteracted the element of secrecy associated with the subject of circumcision among the Xhosa people which a number of scholars and news reporters fail to tackle and finally produce general results. Finally, a synergy is proposed as a way that restores peace and order in the society under study.
Book Review of A Pocket Guide to Academic referencing. Africa Institute for Culture
Authors:   Department of Languages and Communication Skills, Bindura University of Science Education, Chikara Tendai Owen
Published: April 2021

this is a book review of book authored by Umali Saidi in 2018. A Pocket Guide to Academic referencing. Africa Institute for Culture, Peace, Dialogue and Tolerance Studies. Pp 76. ISBN 978-0-7974-9403-9.
Women in newspaper cartoon straps during the ‘Operation Restore Legacy’ in The News Day and The Chronicle
Authors:   Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Matiza Vimbai Moreblessing
Published: April 2021

There is an existing trend of negativity in the portrayal of women through cartoons in local newspapers. This has led to the perpetuation of gender stereotypes against women aimed at demeaning and degrading the social status of women. Cartoons as works of art are expected to reflect on issues as they are happening in the societies. The two newspapers under study are The Chronicle and The News Day which are government owned and private owned respectively. The paper analyses these two newspapers in the manner in which represent women in cartoons and further interrogates circumstances surrounding such portrayal. The period under study is between November 2017 and April 2018. This is the period when Zimbabwe underwent leadership change, after thirty-seven years under one leader. Guided by the Africana womanist perspective the article concludes that women and men are given the same opportunities but if not disciplined women sometimes abuse their position.
Book Review of "Zimbabwe: Challenging the Stereotypes"
Authors:   Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Nyawo Vongai Zvidenga
Published: April 2021

This is a book review of a book authored by Robert Mshengu Kavanagh is 2014. Zimbabwe: Challenging the Stereotypes., Themba Books, Johannesburg, South Africa, Pp 427. ISBN 978-1-5001-8624-1
'Relevancing' Communication and Study Skills Courses
Authors:   Bindura University of Science Education, Mhundwa Philip H
Published: April 2021

Defined in contexts of general theories and practice of education, the terms relevant or relevance are used to indicate whether or not educational activities or processes involved in teaching-learning situations add value to or enhance students' psycho-social as well as intellectual skills in the analysis, application and communication of the knowledge or skills they acquire or develop during the learning process. It is generally understood that the acquisition of knowledge in specified disciplines is facilitated by students' communication proficiency levels in the use, not only of the medium of communication used, but by, also, their familiarity with the discourse studies used to communicate information in specified disciplines. The discourse strategies used in different subject disciplines are generally referred to as, English for Specific Purposes (ESP).
Koszt społeczny w rachunkowości
Authors: Kuberska Ewelina
Published: April 2021

Objective: To present the role of accounting from the point of view of the development of accounting in sustainable development and to propose a definition of externalities in accounting.Research Design & Methods: An analysis of the subject literature was conducted and coupled with logical deduction.Findings: The role of accounting in sustainable development is in providing information about the influence a company’s activities have on the environment and society. This role arises from the existence of several factors, including social responsibility in accounting, the theory of legitimacy in accounting, the concept of full cost accounting, and the directive on the disclosure of non-financial information.Implications / Recommendations: It is important today to begin tracking external costs more precisely in accounting, to treat them as a new area of research and to carry on the research and studies connected with measuring and evaluating social costs and include them in the company’s financial performance.Contribution: Observing externalities in accounting and including them could help strengthen the scope of research areas in accounting for sustainable reporting and complete the definition of cost in accounting, which is behind the curve due to the growing trend of sustainable development.
Analiza porównawcza zastosowania modeli Roychowdhury’ego i Gunny w estymacji realnego zarządzania zyskiem
Authors: Comporek Michał
Published: April 2021

Objective: The main aim of the article is to present the results of empirical research on the formation of abnormal production costs as well as discretionary SG&A expenditures in public companies included in the WIG-construction index. A secondary goal is to analyse the relationship between the scope of implemented real earnings management practices and the performance of listed companies, assessed on the basis of the ROA coefficient.Research Design & Methods: Analytical formulas of Roychowdhury and Gunny models were used to determine the scale of real earnings management.Findings: The empirical research shows that in the studied population there are statistically significant relationships between the achieved ROA coefficient and the scale of implemented REM practices. The relationships between REM coefficients, distinguished by different regression models, are shown to be very strong.Implications / Recommendations: The method used to estimate the level of discretionary SG&A expenditures has a greater impact on the overall assessment of the scale of REM practices in an enterprise than do discretionary production costs.Contribution: The research should contribute to the search for effective instruments for measuring company activities related to the intentional shaping of financial results.
Features of evaluating the economic security of peat industry enterprises in the Tver Region of Russia (the industry review)
Authors: Yakonovskaya T. B. , Zhigulskaya A. I.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the urgent problem of sustainable and economically secure development of enterprises in the Tver Region peat-extracting sector of the economy. Despite the fact that peat deposits are widespread in many regions of Russia, the efficiency of their industrial and economic use is extremely low. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the assessment and analysis of the economic security of an enterprise that develops peat deposits. The paper examines the relationship between the concepts of “peat rent” and “economic security”, and also provides the author’s interpretation of their content and essence. An analysis of the existing approaches to assessing the economic security of peat extracting enterprises was carried out, and the use of the rent approach was substantiated based on the data on the peat industry enterprises used in this study. The indicators for assessing the economic security of a peat production were identified. The authors proposed a methodological approach, a feature of which was comprehensive accounting of technical, economic, and natural factors that objectively affected the level of economic security of peat extracting enterprises. The proposed methodological approach also makes it possible to develop recommendations for increasing the flexibility and adaptability of peat extracting enterprises, taking into account the individual conditions of their work. The methodological research toolkit included the fundamentals of economic theory, information methods for processing statistical data, and economic and mathematical modeling. The methodology approbation was carried out through the example of enterprises of the Tver Region peat-extracting industry, which had been at a low ebb (in protracted economic crisis) for a long time. The conclusions, recommendations, and proposals of the study were used in the development of the Regional program “Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection” for 2017–2022 (Order of the Tver Region Government No. 414-pp of December 26, 2016 as amended on February 7, 2020).
The effects of luteolin nanoparticles on the healing of extracted tooth socket in rabbits
Authors:   Dept of Dental Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Iraq., Al-Saffar Maha T. , Taqa Amer A. ,   Department of Dental Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Iraq.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effects of luteolin nanoparticles on the process tooth socket healing in rabbits. Design: This study comprised five rabbits randomly assigned to control animal and experimental animals. Immediately after the extraction of an upper maxillary incisor, the alveolar sockets of experimental animals were treated with topical luteolin while alveolar sockets of the control group remained without treatment. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation with deep anesthesia seven days post tooth extraction. The tooth sockets were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: Histological evaluation revealed that luteolin treatment induced earlier healing of extracted tooth sockets. Conclusion: These findings suggest that luteolin accelerates the healing process in tooth sockets of rabbits.
The effects of bioadhesive hyaluronic acid gel versus diclofenac after surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, College of Dentistry, Mosul University – Ninavah- Iraq., N Abdul Hammed , Deleme Ziad H. ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, College of Dentistry, Mosul University – Ninavah- Iraq.
Published: April 2021

Surgical extraction of impacted lower wisdom teeth is a frequent minor intraoral surgical process. It is regularly linked with aching and postoperative consequences as pain and swelling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two methods in reducing swelling and pain subsequent to the removal of impacted wisdom teeth. This randomized study incorporated 20 patients with impacted wisdom teeth of different surgical complexity. Topical hyaluronic acid gel 2g/2ml with aloe vera (Kin®Care) was given to the patients to be applied to the surgical area three times a day, or diclofenac sodium tablet 50mg (Voltaren®) to be taken every eight hours, for one week. Swelling was estimated using a strip gauge technique, and pain with a visual analogue scale. Evaluations were made on day one of surgical treatment and on 72hrs and one week later. Statistically no significant differences were identified regarding the swelling and pain values between the two treatment groups on the third and seventh day after surgery. Hyaluronic acid gel was as efficient as diclofenac tablets in reducing the two parameters. The use of hyaluronic acid may be advantageous in medically compromised patient such as those with hypertension, chronic asthma, gastric ulcers or in those with any contraindications to using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or in pregnant patients to reduce pain and swelling subsequent to impacted wisdom teeth surgery.
Temporomandibular joint disorder predisposing factors and clicking
Authors:   Oral Medicine Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Dept. Mosul University, Iraq., Hamed Gassan Yassin , Abdullah Basser Ali ,   Oral Medicine Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Dept. Mosul University, Iraq.
Published: April 2021

This study includes 450 patients, 271 females and 179 males, ages between 13-65 years. The Helkimo index for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnosis was used to quantitatively evaluate the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Clicking of the joint was diagnosed by using stethoscope. Parafunctional activity, previous trauma, missing teeth, angle's classification, crossbite, overbite and overjet were assessed and considered as variables in this research. SPSS with chi square test and Pearson's coefficient correlation were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study show no association between clicking, parafunctional habits, unilateral chewing, previous trauma, angle's classification, crossbite, overbite and overjet. These result coincide the hypothesis that the exact etiology of TMDs is still obscure and the lack of a clear single cause of TMD, specially clicking, has resulted in the proposal of a multifactorial etiology for TMD.
The effect of off-axis seating on the marginal adaptation of full coverage all ceramic crowns
Authors: Babiolakis George P , Owen C Peter
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: No studies on the marginal gap or internal fit of crowns have reported the effect of non-axial seating which may often occur inadvertently clinically. AIM: Therefore this in vitro study sought to investigate the off-axis seating of CAD/CAM crowns and its effect on the marginal gap and internal fit. METHOD: A standardised crown preparation on a typodont tooth was used to design and mill 30 crowns with a flat occlusal surface. Ten Zirconia (Dentsply Sirona, Germany), 10 Enamic (Vita, Austria), and 10 Brilliant Crios (Coltene, Switzerland) crowns were milled, Ave of each milled with a luting space of 100µm, and Ave of 200µm. The marginal gap was measured in two and three dimensions after luting with silicone on a 3D-printed metal replica. Seating occurred axially, at 5° buccally and 5° lingually. The silicone was used to calculate the internal fit RESULTS: Axial seating with a 100 µm luting space obtained the smallest marginal gap, irrespective of material or luting space. 3D measurements were larger than 2D measurements, but not significantly. The maximum off-axis gap was 117µm, on the opposite side to which pressure was applied. CONCLUSIONS: Care must be taken clinically to ensure that luting takes place in an axial direction only.
Preparing for menarche: treatment and management of heavy periods in women with bleeding disorders
Authors: Lavin Michelle , Kadir Rezan A , Mackensen Sylvia von , Pollard Debra , Tollwé Anna
Published: April 2021

Prolonged menstrual bleeding interferes with daily life and causes marked blood loss, resulting in anaemia and fatigue. Treatment centres should address the issue of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) with pre-pubertal girls in advance of their first period, in order to best prepare them. It is common for a bleeding disorder to be overlooked in primary care and in gynaecology clinics, and women sometimes struggle to get a correct diagnosis. There are cultural taboos that inhibit open discussion of menstruation, and women tend to minimise the severity of their symptoms. Health professionals should work to destigmatise the issue and seek an accurate account of bleeding severity, with diagnosis and treatment provided in a joint clinic combining gynaecology and haematology expertise. Treatment should be individualised, taking into account personal, social and medical factors, with the aim of improving quality of life. Great care is needed with regard to choice of language when talking about treatment, and treatment centres should consider offering open access to women who need support in dealing with adverse effects. National member organisations have an important role to play in educating people with bleeding disorders, health professionals and the wider public about the burden of HMB associated with bleeding disorders.
SARS Direct Saliva Protocol Takarabio v1
Authors: Hamerly Timothy , J Stephenson Caroline , Lopez-Gutierrez Borja , R Dinglasan Rhoel
Published: April 2021

Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR has steadily increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began, resulting in the development of protocols for testing from a variety of biological matrices. Initial testing focused on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, which are invasive and require trained health care professionals to perform the sample collection, resulting in a bottleneck in testing. Saliva has emerged as a viable sample specimen for virus detection and can be self-collected with little instruction. Further, it has been demonstrated that virus detection is possible without the need for complex extraction protocols, including commercially available kits. However, a potential pitfall of available kits is the lack of comprehensive testing during development using contrived biological samples containing intact, heat inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appropriate matrix (e.g., saliva). We have found the Takara Direct One-Step RT-qPCR Mix for SARS-CoV-2 kit to be a cost-effective alternative for testing the direct detection of virus in saliva when compared with magnetic bead-assisted extraction systems, with minimal modifications from the manufacturers protocol. We have found that successful detection of virus requires the addition of a proteinase K digestion step, an increase of the reverse transcriptase time, and 3-step cycle (compared with a 2-step cycle in the manufacturers documentation). These changes allow for the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus with a minimal increase in Ct values for RNase P and viral N-gene transcripts when compared with magnetic bead-assisted extractions kits. Implementing these critical steps will help end-users avoid false negatives.
The Commodification of Virtual Community Content in Increasing Media Traffic
Authors: Widiastuti Tuti
Published: April 2021

Traffic is activity on a page of a site resulting from Internet visits and activity on that page. The more a site is visited, and the more activity Internet users engage in on the site’s pages, the higher its traffic. Traffic is like an audience on a television station, listener to the radio station, or circulation on print media. Traffic is the overall activity of readers on online media sites. Data collection from cnnindonesia.com is the commodification of content in an online forum, as in Kaskus and Kompasiana. The media are certainly competing to present exciting news content so that their readers remain loyal to their online. Exciting content on news portals and other efforts are employed solely to increase traffic. One such effort is the use of referral traffic, that is traffic which comes from other websites other than the major search engines, sources such as forums, blogs, and minor search engines are categorized as referral traffic. Visitors come to the online media portal through other websites and blog intermediaries. Although the contribution of made by referral traffic is not as great as the other sources, this practice considered quite useful as it does increase traffic in the media, traffic which is essential—and a measure of success.
Problems of psychological safety of a person in extreme conditions of life
Authors: Litvinova A.V. , Koteneva A.V. , Kokurin A.V. , Ivanov V.S.
Published: April 2021

In a situation of increasing socio-political contradictions, terrorist threats, man-made, natural disasters and a pandemic, the relevance of the study of the psychological safety of the individual, factors and mechanisms that ensure the safe existence of a person increases. The article analyzes the components of the psychological safety of a person as an integral quality: moral-communicative, motivational-volitional, value-semantic and inner comfort. The results of studies of the psychological safety of a person in the context of meaning formation, overcoming behavior, and experiencing probabilistic threats to subjective well-being are presented.
Modern foreign studies of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khramov E.V. , Ivanov V.S.
Published: April 2021

The article provides an overview of modern foreign studies aimed at investigating the main risk factors for depressive disorders in different categories of the population during the pandemic. First of all, attention was paid to the analysis of the influence of socio-psychological, social, age and occupational factors on the formation of depressive symptoms. Studies show a sharp increase in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been found that patients with COVID-19, medical professionals directly in contact with COVID-19 cases, patients with any chronic diseases before the pandemic, and women in the perinatal period are most prone to developing depressive and anxiety conditions. In addition to describing common risk factors for development and display of depression, the results of foreign studies provide an understanding of the age-related effects of depressive conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Psychological State Researches in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kochetova Y.A. , Klimakova M.V.
Published: April 2021

The number of studies examining the mental state of people in the covid-19 pandemic is increasing. The problem of mental state of people in a pandemic is important for determining the direction of psychological assistance in the practical work of psychologists and people of assisting professions, as it allows taking into account a number of important factors essential in the organization of this work. The purpose of the article is to review foreign studies of the mental state of different groups of people (health workers, persons who have certain diseases and need assistance; persons who do not have diseases and are part of the so called normal group) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies examining the manifestations of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia in this epidemiological environment are considered. The results of studies showing the role of the media in shaping anxiety and fears among medical professionals are presented. The relationship between personality traits and a certain style of emotional and behavioral reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed. A deep understanding of these psychological processes will help develop and implement more effective preventive programs for emotional disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression arising during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Women's Mental Health During Pregnancy under the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: A Review of Foreign Studies
Authors: Anikina V.O. , Savenysheva S. , Blokh M.E.
Published: April 2021

The article is the review of research studies published in 2020 on anxiety, depression and stress of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that 35% to 69,6% pregnant women and newly mothers experience moderate-to-strong levels of anxiety, 18,2%-36,4% demonstrate clinically significant symptoms of depression, 10,3-16,7% have symptoms of PTSD. These numbers are twice higher than the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress presented in pre-pandemic scientific literature. The most significant factor influencing the high levels of anxiety, stress and depression during the pandemic is the presence of these disorders before pregnancy. Other important factors are younger age, lower household income, lack of social support, and bigger family. Data on differences on anxiety, depression and stress between women in different trimesters and postpartum are contradictory.
COVID-19 and students' mental health: foreign studies
Authors: Ermolova Т.V. , Litvinov A.V. , Savitskaya N.V. , Krukovskaya O.A.
Published: April 2021

This analytical review provides a broad outline of the historically significant process of consolidating the global scientific community in the face of the threat posed to the psyche of children and young people by the COVID-19 pandemic. The formation of vector data arrays, revealing aspects and prevalence of mental disorders of children, provoked by a pandemic, is shown. In the majority of students, the additional neuro-psychological load led to increased anxiety, depressive states, post-traumatic stress, decreased learning capacity. There are studies of the psyche of students in families in connection with the phenomenon of screen-time (time spent at the computer screen), the presence of comorbid disorders, narrowing of communication, closing schools. The importance of adequate parenthood for children's mental well-being, educational strategy for parents, volunteers, nurses is shown. The direction of telepsychiatry as a remote care tool has been demonstrated. Pilots of the concept of mental disorders of students against the background of the pandemic are presented. The questions about the delayed cumulative effect of mental disorders in students and the continuing incompleteness of knowledge about it are also raised.
Transformation of higher education students’ motives and values in a pandemic (based on materials from foreign studies)
Authors: Maryin M.I. , Nikiforova E.A.
Published: April 2021

This study provides an overview of the results of psychological research aimed at studying the value orientations and motivation of students of foreign universities who are starting or continuing their studies during the period of restrictive measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes in their values and motivation. Students of medical and related specialties who took part in the research were actively recruited (through volunteering and clinical practice) to work in the difficult conditions of the pandemic. Many students participating in the study noted that they noticed a significant decrease in their motivation due to the forced isolation and the need to stay at home. Regular online meetings and e-mail communication with the teacher were seen by students as insufficient feedback; they did not always have the opportunity to discuss complex topics during classes with teachers or classmates.
Confl ict Regulation in Digital Rights Circulation
Authors: Kuzmenkov M. Yu.
Published: April 2021

In legal science, the topic of digital rights has become more relevant than ever. This can be explained by the adoption of new laws regulating their turnover, as well as the significant difference between regulation in Russia and regulation in similar foreign legal institutions. At the same time, in domestic legal science, insufficient attention is given to issues of private international law in this area, although any civil turnover in the digital environment is cross-border and consists of foreign elements. In this regard, the author investigated the existing conflict of laws rules and their correlation with new legal relations arising from the circulation of digital rights. Within the framework of the paper, the author singles out two types of digital rights existing in the law of the Russian Federation and considers some issues of law applicable to legal relations arising in connection with their circulation. In particular, connecting factors typical for digital utility rights and digital financial assets are considered separately. For comparison, examples of applicable law used in foreign countries are given. In addition, the author shares his reasoning about the consequences of too "dense" tying the circulation of digital rights to the Russian legal order.
Distension methods of surgical correction of hypospadias in boys
Authors: Akramov Nail R , Kagantsov Ilya M , Khaertdinov Elmir I
Published: April 2021

Difficulties in the treatment of hypospadias in boys persist to this day. After surgical correction of hypospadias, fistulas, strictures, urethral diverticula, retraction of the meatus, glans dehiscence and other complications occur. At the same time, it is quite difficult to understand the whole variety of proposed methods for correcting hypospadias, which creates confusion for specialists and negatively affects the results of treatment. The literature describes more than 300 different methods of correcting hypospadias, but none of the methods is perfect, and there are no generally accepted treatment standards. Despite this, it is an established fact that the choice of the surgery procedure depends on the type of hypospadias. A successful technique of hypospadias repair should be completed with a good cosmetic and functional result. The article presents an overview of the distension techniques of urethroplasty. For the first time, the experience of urethral advancement was presented at the end of the XIX century, but the technique was unpopular and did not have significant success. However, by the end of the XX century, more effective distension techniques of urethroplasty began to be developed, which were widely used around the world (Koff S.A., Ti-Seng Chang, Belman A.B., MAGPI, LUM, etc.). According to scientific literature, urethral advancement is a safe and reliable way to correct distal hypospadias, and it is considered as an alternative to creating a neourethra. This technique has many competitive advantages, such as the short operation time, the absence of urethral tubularization, excellent functional and cosmetic results, and a small number of complications. It, therefore, follows that distension techniques of urethroplasty are considered a good option for correcting distal hypospadias, which should be in the arsenal of every pediatric surgeon and urologist.
Epidemiological aspects of central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Agliullin D R , Khasanova G R , Abdulaeva E A , Agliullina S T , Amirov A N , Kuskov A N , Kim A A , Rascheskov A Yu , Lipinskiy D A
Published: April 2021

Aim. To analyze the incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy among the Kazans population between 2009 and 2018.
Methods. A descriptive epidemiological study of the incidence of Central serous chorioretinopathy of the population of Kazan between 2009 and 2018 was conducted. It included an analysis of long-term changes in the incidence of male and female population and an assessment of the structure of morbidity by sex for the entire period and in dynamics. Testing for differences was performed using the nonparametric MannWhitney U test and Chi-square test with Yates correction.
Results. 831 new cases of central serous chorioretinopathy were registered in Kazan during 20092018, the ratio of men and women was approximately 1:1. In the dynamics of morbidity, the proportion of men increased from 24.2% in 2009 to 60.7% in 2018 (р=0.000002), while the proportion of women decreased from 75.8% in 2009 to 39.3% in 2018 (р=0.000002). The long-term dynamics for 20092018 is characterized by a statistically significant increase in the incidence rate of central serous chorioretinopathy in men (p=0.004) from 3.2 per 100 000 in 2009 to 14.8 per 100 000 in 2018. During the study period, the incidence rate in women remains at the same level, varying from 5.4 per 100 000 to 8 per 100 000 (p=0.663). Men are more likely to have central serous chorioretinopathy at a younger age (р=0.0001). The median age at the time of diagnosis in women was 55 years (Q25Q75 4565 years), in men 45 years (Q25Q75 3756 years).
Conclusion. From 2009 to 2018, the incidence rate of central serous chorioretinopathy among men in Kazan significantly increased in both intensive (p=0.004) and extensive indicators (p=0.000002); сentral serous chorioretinopathy in men develops at an earlier age compared with women (median age of women at the time of diagnosis was 55 years, median age of men 45 years, p=0.0001).
The contribution of Kazan scientists to the success of the fight against child mortality
Authors: Baranov A A , Albitsky V Yu , Zakirov I K
Published: April 2021

The work aims to analyze and present the contribution of scientists from Kazan medical universities and their pupils to the success of combat child mortality in Russia in the twentieth century using the historical and medical method. The most important results of the works of Kazan scientists can be considered the following: (1) the finding of underestimation of infant mortality; (2) development of methods for its statistical analysis; (3) identification of medical-statistical and social hygienic patterns of child mortality; (4) scientific substantiation of the methodology and strategy for reducing infant mortality in the USSR; (5) a comprehensive study of the problems of child mortality and substantiation of ways to reduce it in the Russian Federation in the late 20th early 21st centuries. Measures are proposed to further reduce child mortality, including a regional approach, reduction of the population's genetic load, priority implementation of antenatal and neonatal prophylaxis, prompt and full provision of treatment by the state for children with rare diseases, further development of specialized and rehabilitation assistance provided to children, intensive development of medical and social assistance.
Study on dependence of phacoemulsification of senile cataract parameters on features of hydrodissection
Authors: Egorova Anna V. , Vasiliev Alexey V.
Published: April 2021

The aimwas to study the dependence of senile cataract phacoemulsification (PE) parameters on hydrodissection (HD) features.
Materials and methods.64 patients (64 eyes) who underwent PE of senile cataract using either viscodissection (VD) (main group) or regular HD (control group). Time parameters VD and HD duration, cortex aspiration, and total time of PE, along with calculation of mean volume of BSS in both groups were studied.
Results.It took 1.8 times more time to perform VD compared to HD duration. The cortex aspiration step required 2.4 times less time in the eyes of main group in comparison with control group, as 10 eyes (31.2%) of the main group had spontaneous full cortex evacuation through ultrasound tip at epinucleus removal. Other 22 eyes (78.8%) of the main group needed aspiration of cortex, which occupied 1/61/3 capsule circumference. Though surgery time was comparable in both groups, mean volume of BSS spent was justifiably 1.5 times higher in the control group.
Conclusion.Performed analysis showed that VD is an effective method which provides optimization of PE of senile cataract. Use of VD allowed exclusion of cortex aspiration in 31.2% of eyes in the main group and decrease of its duration by 2.4 times in comparison with the control group.
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy: from diagnosis toward clinical perspectives
Authors: Burnasheva Maria A. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Maltsev Dmitrii S.
Published: April 2021

In this review of literature, we reviewed the current state of knowledge on paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). The diversity of clinical manifestations, a variety of related cardiovascular and ocular conditions, as well as reported idiopathic cases, allow considering PAMM as a distinct clinical phenomenon or a syndrome. Taking into account already described and potential associations with systemic and ocular morbidity, PAMM may apply for a place of an important clinical biomarker not only for ocular but for systemic disorders in a broad cohort of patients. However, the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAMM and of its actual clinical significance is far from complete, and further studies are warranted.
Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pelaku UMKM Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Andayani Indah , Roesminingsih Maria Veronika , Yulianingsih Wiwin
Published: April 2021

Pelaku UMKM mengalami penurunan pendapatan dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19. Penurunan daya beli konsumen dari sektor pemasaran tradisional dengan penutupan sektor pariwisata merupakan tantangan pelaku UMKM dalam menjalankan produksi usaha. Peluang pelaku UMKM untuk bertahan di masa pandemi adalah dengan memaksimalkan penjualan di pasar Online. Pemberdayaan masyarakat pelaku UMKM dalam mencoba pasar Online perlu dilakukan atau pilihan lain dengan memberdayakan pelaku UMKM pada produk yang paling dibutuhkan di masa pandemi seperti, masker dan hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan model pemberdayaan yang paling dibutuhkan pelaku UMKM di masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara dan observasi. 18 Sampel pelaku UMKM berasal dari kabupaten Kediri dengan stratified random sampling. Tahap analisis data dimulai dari koleksi, reduksi, display, verifikasi, dan simpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan kredibilitas, member check, dependabilitas, konfirmabilitas, dan transferabilitas. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa beberapa kendala yang dialami pelaku UMKM kabupaten Kediri terletak pada proses pemasaran produk, sehingga strategi pemberdayaan yang paling dibutuhkan para pelaku UMKM adalah pemberdayaan pemasaran produk secara online melalui platform market digital dan dapat melalui strategi pemberdayaan inovasi produk UMKM untuk beralih pada produk yang paling dibutuhkan (masker, hand sanitizer).
One Piece in the Child Welfare Puzzle: An Evaluation of Alabama Public Child Welfare Internships and Subsequent Employment
Authors: Seroka Carolyn , Zugazaga Carole
Published: April 2021

Intervention with families and children when child maltreatment is suspected is one of the most critical practice areas of social work. This study examined the level of satisfaction for current child welfare stipend interns (n=106), the majority of whom were BSW students, and former stipend interns (n=59) after 1 year of employment within the Alabama state child welfare system. Overall, participants were satisfied with both internship and employment; however, job satisfaction for White child welfare employees was significantly higher than for Black employees. Sixty-two percent of the employees did not expect to remain employed with the agency over the next 5 years.
Undergraduate Social Welfare Policy Debates: An Assessment of Outcomes Using the Policy Debate Rating Scale
Authors: Bowie Stan
Published: April 2021

This research empirically assessed the learning outcomes of structured debates in an undergraduate social welfare policy course. The longitudinal mixed-method study represents the only one in the literature on social policy debates in undergraduate social work education. For the five cohorts of students surveyed, the Policy Debate Rating Scale assessed learning outcomes on cognitive, behavioral/affective, and comparative perspective dimensions. The results showed strong evidence of higher level learning and supports the use of active learning to promote critical thinking, public speaking, and policy practice skills among social workers. Implications for future policy practice such as the need for more instruction on dialectics, differential perspectives, and improved designs for future research are discussed.
Indirect Trauma in the Field Practicum: Secondary Traumatic Stress, Vicarious Trauma, and Compassion Fatigue Among Social Work Students and Their Field Instructors
Authors: Knight Carolyn
Published: April 2021

A sample of BSW students and their field instructors was assessed for the presence of indirect trauma, including secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue. Results indicated that students were at greater risk of experiencing vicarious trauma than their field instructors and research participants in previous studies. Risk factors for students and social workers included age, experience, gender, and placement in a child welfare setting. Race was a risk factor only for students. The results underscore the protective effects of advance preparation, agency support, and agency supervision, but also suggest that specific education about indirect trauma is lacking. Also discussed are the links among indirect trauma, burnout, and students' career aspirations, as well as suggestions for future research.
A Practical Guide for Developing Effective Technical Standards in Social Work Programs
Authors: Huff Marie , Hodges John
Published: April 2021

Social work educators are increasingly faced with concerns about students who do not possess the technical standards (basic skills, values, and abilities) of the social work profession. This article discusses the purpose of technical standards, which ensure that social work programs admit, retain, and graduate students who possess the physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral attributes required for success. The history of technical standards, concerns about their use, and the growing need for technical standards are also addressed. Finally, practical advice on developing technical standards for social work education and examples of one university's standards are offered.
Addressing the Needs of Veterans and Military Families: A Generalist Practice Approach
Authors: Newell Jason
Published: April 2021

The profession of social work can take the lead in addressing the psycho-social challenges of military service members and their families. To meet this important charge, social work educators should include content on active-duty service personnel, veterans, and their families in classroom and field education experiences. Educators in baccalaureate social work programs are well-positioned to provide beginning or generalist practice education to students who wish to practice in this area. This article discusses the problems faced by veterans during readjustment from active duty to civilian life. Also provided for the baccalaureate-level or generalist practice curriculum are approaches to infusing content on the health and mental health issues of veterans, including a case study that can assist in assessing knowledge of social work competencies and practice behaviors.
Poverty Simulation: An Experiential Learning Tool Emphasizing Economic Justice Content
Authors: Zosky Diane , Thompson James
Published: April 2021

The social work profession has been criticized for abandoning its mission to serving the poor and challenging economic injustice. The authors’ evaluation study examines the effectiveness of a poverty simulation experience in an undergraduate policy class to counter the trend that diverges from the profession’s original mission. The poverty simulation was designed to emphasize the structural contributions of poverty, dispel myths about people who live in poverty, and encourage students to remain committed to challenging social and economic injustice. Data demonstrate that the poverty simulation experience increased students’ knowledge of the challenges of living in poverty.
Civic Reflection: A Pedagogical Teaching Strategy to Enhance Student Civic Engagement
Authors: Glass Lorri Lynn
Published: April 2021

This article presents a pedagogical strategy using civic reflection to engage undergraduate social work students in self-reflection and intergroup dialogue on civic engagement. This module consisted of three components: the Civic Responsibility Behavior Questionnaire, which measured civil, political, and social behavior as well as civic efficacy and motivation; a civic reflection module, which promoted dialogue on associating, serving, giving, and leading via poems and stories; and content analysis, which examined student evaluations of the civic reflection experience. Findings revealed that students had knowledge of civic engagement and increased their level of civic efficacy and motivation. For social work education, assessing students’ level of civic engagement and developing teaching strategies that meet their learning needs are indicated.
Teaching Note: Analyzing Families in Cultural Context: A Teaching Tool
Authors: Freeman Miriam
Published: April 2021

This teaching note describes the author's experience with a multidimensional tool designed to facilitate student learning about family assessment within a cultural context. Using their own families as the system of analysis, students engaged in data gathering and organizing, interpretation, and presentation of a multi - generational family. The author links this tool to 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards practice behaviors; highlights and discusses family maps and a family cultural poem, “I Am From,” as the central components of this teaching tool; and provides recommendations for its use. Students’ “I Am From” poems are included as illustrations.
Preparation for Group Work: Perceptions of Bachelor-Level Social Workers
Authors: Hessenauer Sarah , Lind Kristina
Published: April 2021

In this exploratory qualitative study, bachelor-level social workers were asked to identify elements within bachelor-level social work educational programs that were helpful in building group skills. Twenty graduates from CSWE-accredited social work programs voluntarily participated in one-on-one interviews. The data from these interviews were subjected to open coding and suggested the following themes: social workers' reported group work as a part of employment responsibilities, social workers' ability to recognize group work skills in undergraduate education via class/campus experiences, and social workers' identification of learning group skills through work/internship experiences. Findings indicated social workers possessed unfamiliarity with group work terminology and group-specific conceptual understandings.
From Education to Action: The Immediate and Long-Term Results of Intergroup Dialogue on BSW Students' Social Justice Activity
Authors: Lopez-Humphreys Mayra , Araujo Dawson Beverly
Published: April 2021

This article examines the effect of intergroup dialogue (IGD) on BSW students’ levels of social justice activity a year after completing the course. Twenty- seven undergraduate social work students on two campuses of a sectarian college completed surveys that ranked their levels of activity along the McClintock Action Continuum immediately after and a year after participating in an IGD program. Students self- reported a significant increase in social justice actions a year after IGD participation. Implications for research and social work education are discussed.