bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A synthesised framework of eco‐industrial park transformation and stakeholder interaction
Authors: Dai Yuxi , Day Steven , Masi Donato , Gölgeci Ismail
Published: April 2022

Eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) combine the concepts and principles of industrial ecology (IE) and industrial symbiosis (IS) to enable environmentally‐friendly industrial manufacturing capacity. The current reality is that many EIPs are developed from ageing industrial parks (IPs). However, how such EIP transformation projects are managed by diverse public and private stakeholders is largely unknown. This study summarises the results of a systematic literature review (n = 61) to identify a five‐stage process of EIP transformation. Five key stakeholders and influencing factors are identified, and drawing on process theory, a framework is developed that highlights how these stakeholders work together over time. While this study serves as an overview of the body of knowledge on the business and social aspect of EIP transformation, the main contribution of this work is the propositions on the interactions and order of stakeholders embedded in the framework, which can guide future research especially on the early stages of EIP transformation. In practice, EIP project managers can judge the stage of the project based on the project status and work back from actions entities undertake to progress the project systematically.
Pigmented and polypoid tumor of the pubis
Authors: Rekik Mariem , Sellami Khadija , Hammami Fatma , Baklouti Massara , Turki Hamida
Published: April 2022

Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign epidermal tumor occurring in patients aged over 50 years. It is located preferentially in the trunk, head and neck. The genital location is rare. We report a case of 59 year‐old‐men presenting a seborrheic keratosis of the pubis.
Minimally invasive intrasulcular tunneling technique for treatment of gingival recessions: A case series
Authors: Khursheed Dler Ali , Zardawi Faraedon M.
Published: April 2022

Coronally advanced flap (CAF) by tunneling procedure was applied on four cases of gingival recession. Post‐operative follow‐up, at different time breaks, recorded full coverage of almost all receded root surfaces. The technique and the clinical outcome of this technique will be demonstrated in this case series report.
Maternal death due to COVID‐19 and high BMI: A case report from Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Ghelichkhani Samereh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Jalili Ebrahim , Parsapour Hamideh , Ali Shirzadeh Azam
Published: April 2022

Pregnant women suffering chronic illness or obstetric complications such as obesity are prone to severe pneumonia and COVID‐19. Obesity in pregnancy is associated with many complications for both mother and fetus. Here, we report the death of an obese mother with COVID‐19.
Clinical image report of acute Cholangitis in Beta‐thalassemia major
Authors: Rozi Waail , Khamees Ibrahim , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: April 2022

Beta‐thalassemia is congenital red blood cell disorder. Gallstones is a recognized complication due to recurrent hemolysis. Acute cholangitis is a rare complication might occur in patient with beta‐thalassemia. We report a case of acute cholangitis in patient with beta‐thalassemia with Gilbert syndrome. We present a case of a young female of Arabic descent with acute abdomen. Workup revealed acute cholangitis with gallstones in the common bile duct. The ERCP was used to extract the stones than cholecystectomy.
Impact of baseline tumor burden on overall survival in patients with radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib in the SELECT global phase 3 trial
Authors: Kiyota Naomi , Tahara Makoto , Robinson Bruce , Schlumberger Martin , Sherman Steven I. , Leboulleux Sophie , Lee Eun Kyung , Suzuki Takuya , Ren Min , Fushimi Kazuma , Wirth Lori J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI‐R DTC) is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer. Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for treatment of RAI‐R DTC. The impact of tumor response and tumor burden on overall survival (OS) after lenvatinib treatment in patients with RAI‐R DTC was assessed.

Methods

Data from patients treated with lenvatinib (N = 261) in SELECT were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into lenvatinib responder or nonresponder subgroups and into low (≤40 mm) or high (>40 mm) tumor burden subgroups based on baseline sums of diameters of target lesions using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (cutoff values were determined by receiver‐operating characteristic analyses). Associations of tumor response and tumor burden with OS were assessed.

Results

Median OS was prolonged in lenvatinib responders versus nonresponders (52.2 vs 19.0 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23‐0.46). Patients with a lower tumor burden who received lenvatinib had prolonged OS versus those with a higher tumor burden (median OS, not reached vs 29.1 months, respectively; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.63). Baseline tumor burden was associated with OS by multivariate analysis (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.89; P = .0138).

Conclusions

Patients with a lower tumor burden receiving lenvatinib had prolonged OS compared with those with a higher tumor burden receiving lenvatinib. Baseline tumor burden may be a prognostic factor for OS in patients with RAI‐R DTC treated with lenvatinib.
Relationship between pharyngeal or esophageal reconstruction and esophageal pressure after swallowing
Authors: Umezawa Hiroki , Umezawa Mariko , Hokazono Yu , Matsutani Takeshi , Ogawa Rei
Published: April 2022

Background

High‐resolution manometry, which measures esophageal luminal pressure changes after swallowing, could shed more light on food‐transport dynamics after pharyngeal/esophageal reconstruction. This prospective cohort study assessed the influence of two head‐and‐neck and esophageal tumor‐resection and reconstruction approaches on esophageal pressure.

Methods

The cohort consisted of 17 patients who underwent esophageal/pharyngeal resection/reconstruction for cancer and then participated in postoperative high‐resolution manometry. Five healthy controls also underwent manometry for comparison.

Results

Partial pharyngectomy with patch grafts associated with smooth and continuous esophageal/pharyngeal movement. By contrast, surgery that removed the thoracic esophagus led to complete loss of peristalsis and poor food transport.

Conclusions

High‐resolution manometry effectively characterized the changes in food‐transport dynamics caused by pharyngeal/esophageal resection/reconstruction. These findings suggest that continuous and smooth movement of the pharynx and esophagus is important for swallowing and high resolution manometry could be useful in patients after pharyngeal/esophageal resection/reconstruction.
Influence of Pt Alloying on the Fluorescence of Fully Inorganic, Colloidal Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Ziefuss Anna R. , Willeke Michael , Miertz Matthias , Heinemann Alexander , Rehbock Christoph , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: April 2022

Noble metal alloy nanoclusters (NCs) are interesting systems as the properties of two or more elements can be combined in one particle, leading to interesting fluorescence phenomena. However, previous studies have been exclusively performed on ligand‐capped NCs from wet chemical synthesis. This makes it difficult to differentiate to which extent the fluorescence is affected by ligand‐induced effects or the elemental composition of the metal core. In this work, we used laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) to fabricate colloidal gold‐rich bi‐metallic AuPt NCs in the absence of organic ligands and demonstrate the suitability of this technique to produce molar fraction series of 1nm alloy NC. We found that photoluminescence of ligand‐free NCs is not a phenomenon limited to Au. However, even minute amounts of Pt atoms in the AuPt NCs lead to quenching and red‐shift of the fluorescence, which may be attributed to the altered surface charge density.
Association of real‐time assessed mood, affect and suicidal ideation in psychiatric inpatients with unipolar depression
Authors: Lucht Luise , Spangenberg Lena , Forkmann Thomas , Hallensleben Nina , Rath Dajana , Strauss Maria , Glaesmer Heide
Published: April 2022

Previous research provided preliminary support of a potential reinforcing effect of suicidal ideation demonstrating reduced negative affect and increased positive affect after thinking about suicide. The present study therefore sought to investigate the role of mood and affect as a proximal risk factor of suicidal ideation in a high‐risk sample. Seventy‐four psychiatric inpatients (72% female) with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation aged 18 to 85 years (M = 37.6, SD = 14.3) took part in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 6 days. Multilevel analyses were calculated. Analyses revealed negative valence of mood and low positive affect to be predictors of subsequent intensity of suicidal ideation (active, passive) as well as predictors of change in suicidal ideation (active, passive) since the last measurement. High negative affect only predicted intensity of passive suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation (active, passive) was prospectively associated with subsequent negative valence of mood and lower positive affect as well as with higher intensity of negative affect. Suicidal ideation (active, passive) also predicted the change in valence of mood, positive affect and negative affect since the last measurement. Mood and affect should be taken into account as important proximal risk factors of active and passive suicidal ideation. The results do not support the idea of a reinforcing effect of suicidal ideation. In fact, they show a pattern of reduced subsequent positive affect, negative valence of mood and increased negative affect. Replication studies with larger samples and longer EMA follow‐ups are needed.
Exposure‐Response Characterization of Tofacitinib Efficacy in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results From Phase II and Phase III Induction and Maintenance Studies
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Tsuchiwata Shinichi , Nicholas Timothy , Cook Jack A. , Modesto Irene , Su Chinyu , D’Haens Geert R. , Sandborn William J.
Published: April 2022

Tofacitinib is an oral small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Relationships between plasma tofacitinib concentration and efficacy were characterized using exposure‐response (E‐R) models, with demographic and disease covariates evaluated as potential predictors of efficacy. Data were from phase II and III (OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2) induction studies, and a phase III maintenance study (OCTAVE Sustain). Induction studies included 1,355 patients (tofacitinib 0.5, 3, 10, or 15 mg b.i.d. or placebo). The maintenance study included 592 patients (tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.i.d. or placebo). E‐R models, including induction patients predicted placebo‐adjusted remission rates of 6.4% and 12.7% at week 8 for tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg b.i.d., respectively; corresponding rates in patients without prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure were 12.8% and 20.4%. Estimates to achieve/maintain remission at week 52 of maintenance were 29% and 18% (tofacitinib 5 mg b.i.d.), and 41% and 26% (tofacitinib 10 mg b.i.d.), for patients in remission or not following induction, respectively. During maintenance, patients with prior TNFi failure had lower probability of remission on 5 mg b.i.d. (24.9%) than 10 mg b.i.d. (35.0%). Results indicated tofacitinib 10 mg b.i.d. was an appropriate induction dose but suggested efficacy with 5 mg b.i.d. in patients without prior TNFi failure. Tofacitinib 5 mg b.i.d. was efficacious for maintenance, although patients with prior TNFi failure might see additional benefit on 10 mg b.i.d. Per product labeling, recommended tofacitinib induction dose is 10 mg b.i.d., then maintenance at 5 mg b.i.d. For patients who lose response during maintenance, 10 mg b.i.d. may be considered, limited to the shortest duration.

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00787202; NCT01465763; NCT01458951; and NCT01458574.
Quantifying the Probing and Selection of Microenvironmental Pores by Motile Immune Cells
Authors: Kroll Janina , Ruiz‐Fernandez Mauricio J. A. , Braun Malte B. , Merrin Jack , Renkawitz Jörg
Published: April 2022

Immune cells are constantly on the move through multicellular organisms to explore and respond to pathogens and other harmful insults. While moving, immune cells efficiently traverse microenvironments composed of tissue cells and extracellular fibers, which together form complex environments of various porosity, stiffness, topography, and chemical composition. In this protocol we describe experimental procedures to investigate immune cell migration through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. In particular, we describe micro‐channels, micro‐pillars, and collagen networks as cell migration paths with alternative pore size choices. Employing micro‐channels or micro‐pillars that divide at junctions into alternative paths with initially differentially sized pores allows us to precisely (1) measure the cellular translocation time through these porous path junctions, (2) quantify the cellular preference for individual pore sizes, and (3) image cellular components like the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. This reductionistic experimental setup thus can elucidate how immune cells perform decisions in complex microenvironments of various porosity like the interstitium. The setup further allows investigation of the underlying forces of cellular squeezing and the consequences of cellular deformation on the integrity of the cell and its organelles. As a complementary approach that does not require any micro‐engineering expertise, we describe the usage of three‐dimensional collagen networks with different pore sizes. Whereas we here focus on dendritic cells as a model for motile immune cells, the described protocols are versatile as they are also applicable for other immune cell types like neutrophils and non‐immune cell types such as mesenchymal and cancer cells. In summary, we here describe protocols to identify the mechanisms and principles of cellular probing, decision making, and squeezing during cellular movement through microenvironments of heterogeneous porosity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Immune cell migration in micro‐channels and micro‐pillars with defined pore sizes

Support Protocol 1: Epoxy replica of generated and/or published micro‐structures

Support Protocol 2: Dendritic cell differentiation

Basic Protocol 2: Immune cell migration in 3D collagen networks of variable pore sizes
Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Keratinocytes
Authors: Koch Peter J. , Webb Saiphone , Gugger Jessica A. , Salois Maddison N. , Koster Maranke I.
Published: April 2022

Investigating basic biological mechanisms underlying human diseases relies on the availability of sufficient quantities of patient cells. As most primary somatic cells have a limited lifespan, obtaining sufficient material for biological studies has been a challenge. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been a game changer, especially in the field of rare genetic disorders. iPSC are essentially immortal, can be stored indefinitely, and can thus be used to generate defined somatic cells in unlimited quantities. Further, the availability of genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/CAS, has provided us with the opportunity to create “designer” iPSC lines with defined genetic characteristics. A major advancement in biological research stems from the development of methods to direct iPSC differentiation into defined cell types. In this article, we provide the basic protocol for the generation of human iPSC‐derived keratinocytes (iPSC‐K). These cells have the characteristics of basal epidermal keratinocytes and represent a tool for the investigation of normal epidermal biology, as well as genetic and acquired skin disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Directed differentiation of human iPSC into keratinocytes

Support Protocol 1: Coating cell culture dishes or plates with Vitronectin XF™

Support Protocol 2: Freezing iPSC

Support Protocol 3: Preparing AggreWell™400 6‐well plates for EB formation

Support Protocol 4: Coating cell culture dishes or plates with Collagen IV

Support Protocol 5: Immunofluorescence staining of cells
In Vivo Assessment of Ferroptosis and Ferroptotic Stress in Mice
Authors: Ide Kana , Souma Tomokazu
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis is iron‐dependent, lipid peroxidation–driven, regulated cell death that is triggered when cellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)‐mediated cellular defense is insufficient to prevent pathologic accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis is implicated in various human pathologies, including neurodegeneration, chemotherapy‐resistant cancers, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, and acute and chronic kidney diseases. Despite the fact that the ferroptotic process has been rigorously interrogated in multiple preclinical models, the lack of specific and readily available biomarkers to detect ferroptosis in vivo in mouse models makes it challenging to delineate its contribution to key pathologic events in vivo. Critical steps to practically evaluate ferroptosis include, but are not limited to, detecting increased cell death and pathologic accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides and testing augmentation of observed pathologic events by genetic inhibition of the glutathione‐GPX4 axis or mitigation of the pathologic process by ferroptosis inhibitors. Here, we describe methods to evaluate these key features of the ferroptotic process in mice in vivo. Specifically, we describe methods to detect toxic lipid peroxides (4‐hydroxynonenal) and cell death (based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining) as well as a protocol to pharmacologically inhibit ferroptotic stress using liproxstatin‐1. These protocols provide tools for understanding the ferroptotic process in mouse genetic or disease models. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: How to use liproxstatin‐1

Basic Protocol 2: How to evaluate ferroptosis in mouse kidneys
Bound states of the hydrogen atom in high‐density plasmas
Authors: Shalenov Erik O. , Nuraly Askhat T. , Dzhumagulova Karlygash N.
Published: April 2022

In this work, the interaction potential of dense plasma particles, which takes into account the effect of quantum non‐locality as well as electronic correlations, was used to solve the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom. Energies of bound states were calculated. The results obtained are in good agreement with the results of other authors.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy for the diagnosis of gastric metastasis from breast cancer mimicking primary linitis plastica: A case report
Authors: Yamada Kenta , Kaneko Junichi , Watahiki Moeka , Ida Yuya , Koda Megumu , Fukita Kyoichi , Takeshita Yu , Takahashi Kenichi , Takinami Masaki , Tsuji Atsushi , Nishino Masafumi , Takahashi Yurimi , Sasada Yuzo , Yamada Takanori
Published: April 2022

For gastric lesions in a patient with a history of breast cancer, it is essential to distinguish between primary gastric cancer and gastric metastasis from breast cancer. However, gastric metastasis from breast cancer often mimics primary linitis plastica, and histological diagnosis may be difficult with conventional endoscopic biopsies. Herein, we describe the case of a 75‐year‐old woman who presented at our hospital with epigastralgia and vomiting. She had a history of mastectomy for carcinoma of the right breast and had received hormone therapy as adjuvant therapy. Computed tomography at arrival showed thickening of the gastric wall at the antrum and peritoneal dissemination. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed mucosal swelling of the antrum and stenosis of the pylorus, and histological diagnosis failed with conventional endoscopic biopsies. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy using a Franseen needle was performed, and a diagnosis of gastric metastasis from breast cancer was made. She received hormone therapy and chemotherapy after deployment of a metallic stent for gastric outlet obstruction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of gastric metastasis from breast cancer diagnosed using endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy.
A Stable and Photoreactive Copper‐Iodide Cubane Suitable for Direct Post‐Functionalization
Authors: Bissessar Damien , Egly Julien , Achard Thierry , Steffanut Pascal , Mauro Matteo , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: April 2022

Tetranuclear copper‐iodide cluster consisting of a {Cu4I4} cubane and diphenylphosphine ligand has been found as a highly stable precursor for further post‐functionalization through hydrophosphination reaction. UV irradiation of the cluster in the presence of various alkenes allows direct functionalization of the latter, giving access to a wide range of copper cubane complexes, a source of molecular diversity for luminescent materials. Such a strategy provided access to the first example of water‐soluble luminescent cubane copper iodide.
Au(I) Fluorido Phosphine Complexes: Tools for the Hydrofluorination of Alkynes
Authors: Rachor Simon G. , Jaeger Ruben , Braun Thomas
Published: April 2022

The reactivity of the Au(I) fluorido complex [Au(F)(SPhos)] (SPhos=dicyclohexyl(2’,6’‐dimethoxy[1,1’‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)phosphine) (1) towards several alkynes was studied. The formation of fluorovinyl species by formal insertion of the alkyne in the metal‐fluorine bond was observed. Addition of HCl to vinyl complexes resulted in protodeauration and elimination of the hydrofluorinated alkynes. Treatment of1with the terminal alkyne 1‐hexyne resulted in clean formation of the alkynyl complex [Au(C≡CC4H9)(SPhos)] (15), whereas with an excess alkyne hydrofluorination was also observed. Various Au(I) phosphine complexes including1were then compared in their ability to catalyze hydrofluorination reactions of 1‐phenyl‐1‐propyne with Et3N ⋅ 3HF as HF source. Model reactions suggested a reaction mechanism, which imparts a pre‐coordination of an alkyne to a cationic gold center followed by nucleophilic addition of a fluoride. Mechanistic investigations included reactivity studies at [Au(SPhos)][B(C6F5)4)] (17), which was treated with 4‐phenyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐one and TMAF (TMAF=tetramethylammonium fluoride). The reaction led to the formation of the complex [Au(CH3C(O)C=C(F)Ph)(SPhos)] (13), but not the fluorido complex1.
Synthesis of Geminal Bis‐ and Tetrakisphosphonate Ester Derivatives and Their Coordination Behavior Towards Ca(II) Ions
Authors: Koehne Ingo , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: April 2022

The preparation and thorough characterization of a variety of (arylmethylene)phosphonate ester derivatives (S1–S7) as well as derived geminal bisphosphonate (BP) ester ligands (L1–L7) is presented. Subsequent complexation reactions of CaCl2 with selected BPs (L1–L3) and a known aliphatic tetrakisphosphonate ester (L8) yield the respective Ca(II) coordination compounds [Ca(H2O)2(L1‐‐L3)2]Cl2 (C1‐‐C3) and [Ca(L8)Cl2]n (C4) for potential future application as multi‐delivery systems in osteoporosis treatment. Obtained SCXRD and 1H DOSY‐NMR data provide a detailed insight into their solid‐ as well as solution‐state structures extending the so far scarcely found X‐ray studies on geminal BP‐supported Ca(II) complexes.
Surface‐enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Versatile in situ Measurements of Local pH near Electrode Surface
Authors: Ide Kohei , Kunimoto Masahiro , Yoshida Satoru , Yanagisawa Masahiro , Homma Takayuki
Published: April 2022

We designed an in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system to detect pH change near the electrode surface. An optically transparent substrate covered with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) that induce SERS was positioned vertically to the electrode. A probe molecule that protonates/deprotonates according to the change in pH of surroundings were distributed nearby the NPs, so that the SERS spectrum of the probe indicated the pH changes in the vertical direction to the electrode due to hydrogen consumption. Flexible choices of probe molecules allow the system to be versatile. The system operated effectively in Ni electrodeposition as a case example.
A hybrid attention mechanism for blind automatic modulation classification
Authors: Jia Fan , Yang Yueyi , Zhang Junyi , Yang Yong
Published: April 2022

Recently, deep leaning has been making great progress in automatic modulation classification, just like its success in computer vision. However, radio signals with harsh impairments (oscillator drift, clock drift, noise) would significantly degrade the performance of the existing classifiers. To overcome the problem and explore the depth reason, a hybrid attention convolution network is proposed to enhance the capability of feature extraction. First, a spatial transformer network module with long short‐term memory is introduced to synchronize and normalize radio signals. Second, a channel attention module is constructed to weight and assemble feature maps, exploring global feature representations with more context‐relevant information. By combining these two modules, a relatively lightweight classifier with complex convolution layer for final classification is further researched through visualization. Moreover, different structures of attention module are compared and optimized in detail. Experimental result shows that our proposed hybrid model achieves the best performance among all compared models when SNR is upper than 7 dB, and it peaks at 93.448 at 0 dB, 2.7% higher than that of CLDNN and 97.560 at 20 dB, 8.2% higher than that of ResNet. And our model can be more efficient after a trade‐off between accuracy and model size.
Proportional rate constrained resource allocation in multicarrier nonorthogonal multiple access systems
Authors: Ding Hongwen , Li Li
Published: April 2022

In multicarrier nonorthogonal multiple access (MC‐NOMA) systems, resource allocation for user rate fairness is an inherent challenge due to the huge difference in channel conditions among different users. As the general case of proportional fairness, proportional rate constraint is usually adopted in resource allocation optimization problems to ensure that achievable rates of users are distributed proportionally according to a set of arbitrarily predefined portion. In this article, we investigate joint subcarrier and power allocation in MC‐NOMA systems under proportional rate constraints. The formulated resource allocation optimization problem belongs to a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem due to its binary subcarrier allocation variables and nonaffine equality constraints. By introducing an auxiliary variable in proportional rate constraints and substituting power variable with rate variable, we convert this nonconvex problem into a convex optimization problem and solve it by using Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) conditions and the dual decomposition method. Based on the optimal solutions, we divide the resource allocation process into two phases, that is, subcarrier allocation and power allocation, and develop an optimal subcarrier allocation solution based resource allocation algorithm (OSSRA). Furthermore, we also propose a heuristic algorithm, referred to as proportional rate constrained subcarrier allocation algorithm (PCSAA), as a benchmark. Numerical results show that, substantial gains can be achieved by OSSRA over the existing work and the traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes in terms of both sum rate and user fairness. Besides, PCSAA has better user fairness performance than OSSRA.
The relationship between dietary acid load and intensity of musculoskeletal pain condition: A population‐based study
Authors: Bahrampour Niki , Clark Cain C. T.
Published: April 2022

Pain is a globally prevalent problem, and a comprehension of its pathophysiology is important with respect to patient's health. Musculoskeletal pain conditions (MPs) may be associated with physical, lifestyle, and nutrition status, while dietary acid load (DAL) may be inversely associated with musculoskeletal health in adults. This cross‐sectional study consisted of 175 adults experiencing pain. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity (PA), and pain intensity were assessed via specific questionnaires. Dietary data were collected using a 7‐day 24‐h recall. Foods and beverages were analyzed with Nutritionist IV software for extracting the total energy and nutrients. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and potential renal acid load (PRAL) were evaluated for assessing the DAL. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used to investigate the association of exposure and input variables. Linear regression showed a positive relationship between PRAL and NEAP and pain intensity in the crude model. This significant positive relationship remained after adjusting for all confounders. A lower consumption of potassium, magnesium, vitamin B9 and C, and fiber was seen in the following quartiles of PRAL and NEAP. In addition, MPs intensity and PRAL and NEAP had a weak, positive correlation. This study suggests that a higher DAL may be associated with MPs. However, further research is needed.
Content of industrially produced trans fatty acids in breast milk: An observational study
Authors: Bousset‐Alféres Christian Mayela , Chávez‐Servín Jorge Luis , Vázquez‐Landaverde Pedro Alberto , Betancourt‐López Claudia Azucena , Caamaño María del Carmen , Ferriz‐Martínez Roberto Augusto , Chávez‐Alabat Elsa Fernanda , Lovatón‐Cabrera Ma Guadalupe , de la Torre‐Carbot Karina
Published: April 2022

Breast milk may contain industrially produced trans fatty acids (TFAs), which can affect the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs). This could have significant implications for the child's development. The fatty acids present in breast milk can be modified by adjusting the mother's diet. The objective of this study was to determine the content of industrially produced TFAs present in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk produced by mothers between 18 and 45 years of age in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, based on a longitudinal observational study. The TFA content in the breast milk of 33 lactating women was analyzed using gas chromatography. The mothers’ consumption of TFAs was also estimated by analyzing a log prepared through 24‐hr dietary recall (24HR) obtained in each period. The TFA content in the mothers’ diet was similar across the colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk phases: 1.64 ± 1.25 g, 1.39 ± 1.01, and 1.66 ± 1.13 g, respectively. The total TFA content was 1.529% ± 1.648% for colostrum; 0.748% ± 1.033% for transitional milk and 0.945% ± 1.368% for mature milk. Elaidic acid was the TFA in the highest concentration in all three types of milk. No correlation was found between the content of industrially produced TFAs in breast milk and the anthropometric measurements of the mother or between the estimated consumption of TFAs and the content of TFAs in breast milk. Elaidic acid and total content of TFAs were negatively correlated (p < .05) with the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.394 ± 0.247) (R = −0.382) in colostrum. The concentration of TFAs was found to correlate with the composition of EFAs in milk.
Effects of alfalfa meal on quality and function of pork meatballs
Authors: Xu Zhifeng , Du Yushuang , Li Na , Geng Hongmin , Ali Qasim , Li Xinbo , Gao Yajun , Wang Yan , Xing Ronghui , Wu Jie , Cui Fangjie , Wang Chengzhang , Zhu Xiaoyan , Cui Yalei , Li Defeng , Shi Yinghua
Published: April 2022

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is abundant in dietary fiber, alfalfa saponins, and other active ingredients. However, the application of alfalfa is scarce in food. Meatball is one of the most popular meat products in daily life, but eating too many meatballs could result in obesity, hyperlipidemia, and other diseases. With increasing attention to healthy diet, how to keep the original color, aroma, taste, and shape of food with low fat and nutrition has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, different amounts of alfalfa meal or extruded alfalfa meal were added to pork meatballs to explore the optimal adding ratio of two kinds of alfalfa meal in pork meatballs. Further animal experiments were conducted for two weeks to prove the efficacy of two kinds of alfalfa balls in lowering blood lipid and body weight. The results showed that 0.5% alfalfa meal and 1% extruded alfalfa meal could improve the quality of prepared pork meatballs. Animal experiments demonstrated that two kinds of alfalfa meal pork meatballs had a good effect of reducing blood lipid, and the alfalfa meal pork meatballs had a better effect on reducing serum cholesterol and average daily weight gain of mice. This study provided a theoretical basis for making healthy and nutritious pork meatballs, which could provide more delicious food for people, especially people who are obese and the elderly.
Does offshore NDF market influence onshore forex market? Evidence from India
Authors: Behera Harendra , Ranjan Rajiv , Chinoy Sajjid
Published: April 2022

The paper uses a vector error correction model–multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity approach to examine the interrelationship between onshore and offshore nondeliverable forward (NDF) markets for the Indian Rupee. The empirical results suggest a stable and bidirectional long‐run relationship between onshore and offshore markets. The subperiod analysis implies that there are unidirectional mean spillovers from NDF markets to onshore spot, forward, and futures markets during the post‐taper tantrum period. Regarding “volatility spillover,” the analysis indicates a unidirectional volatility spillover from spot and forward segments to NDF market in normal circumstances, which turns bidirectional during times of depreciation pressure on the rupee.
A hydroponic system for natural turf that can take extreme wear as an alternative to artificial grass surfaces
Authors: Sternberg Martin
Published: April 2022

Natural grass areas in high‐traffic and stress locations are being converted into artificial grass by inconsistent moisture conditions in root‐zone and poor grass conditions. As an alternative solution to this method, natural grass was planted instead in a washed sand without organic matter and with a constantly moving water table and no overhead irrigation. Water consumption and surface quality after heavy machinery exposure was measured. A significantly increase in the potential for traffic and play was observed, along with water savings of up to 85% compared with normal overhead irrigation amounts for similar surfaces (golf course tees).
Selenium attenuates the cadmium‐induced placenta glucocorticoid barrier damage by up‐regulating the expression of specificity protein 1
Authors: Wu Sisi , Chen Na , Tong Xia , Xu Xu , Chen Qihui , Wang Fan
Published: April 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and pregnant women are especially susceptible to the effects of exposure to Cd. Our previous study found Cd can be accumulated in the placenta and causes fetal growth restriction (FGR) through damage the placental glucocorticoid barrier. Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, can allivate Cd‐induced toxicity. In this study, we aim to explore the protective mechanism of Se against Cd‐induced the placental glucocorticoid barrier damage and FGR. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to CdCl2 (1 mg/kg/day) and Na2SeO3 (0.1–0.2–0.3 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 19. The results showed that reduced fetal weight, increased corticosterone concentrations in the maternal and fetal serum, and impaired placental labyrinth layer blood vessel development, appeared in pregnant rats after Cd exposure and improved after treated with Se. In cell experiments, we confirmed that Se reduces Cd‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, Se can abolish Cd‐induced 11β‐HSD2 and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) decreasing in vivo and vitro. In human JEG‐3 cells, the knockdown of Sp1 expression by small interfering RNA can suppressed the protective effect of Se on Cd‐induced 11β‐HSD2 decreasing. In general, our results demonstrated that Se is resistant to Cd‐induced FGR through upregulating the placenta barrier via activation of the transcription factor Sp1.
2‐Methoxy‐5((3,4,5‐trimethosyphenyl) seleninyl) phenol causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NSCLC cells through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and MDM2 inhibition
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Yuting , Bian Jiang , Liu Bolin , Li Xuefen , Guan Qi , Li Zengqiang , Zhang Weige , Wu Yingliang , Zuo Daiying
Published: April 2022

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies and needs novel and effective chemotherapy. In this study, our purpose is to explore the anticancer effects of 2‐methoxy‐5((3,4,5‐trimethosyphenyl) seleninyl) phenol (SQ) on human NSCLC (A549 and H460) cells. We found that SQ suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cells in time‐ and dose‐dependent manners, and blocked the cells at G2/M phase, which was relevant to microtubule depolymerization. Additionally, SQ induced A549 and H460 cell apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further, we demonstrated that SQ enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pretreatment with N‐acetyl‐
L‐cysteine (NAC) attenuated SQ‐induced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, SQ mediated‐ROS generation caused DNA damage in A549 and H460 cells. Our data also revealed that SQ‐induced apoptosis was correlated with the inhibition of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in A549 and H460 cells. In summary, our research indicates that the novel compound SQ has great potential for therapeutic treatment of NSCLC in future.
Design optimization of linear arrays and time‐modulated antenna arrays using meta‐heuristics approach
Authors: Poddar Suman , Paul Prajat , Chakraborty Avishek , Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal
Published: April 2022

This article presents an approach to design a non‐uniformly excited linear array antenna (LAA) and an alternate solution to LAAs in the form of time‐modulated linear arrays (TMLA) for optimum far‐field radiation pattern synthesis. The performance analysis of both the antenna arrays is studied, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed design approaches are presented with numerical outcomes. The far‐field radiation pattern is optimized to reduce the interference by simultaneously lowering the sidelobe levels and increasing the directivities of LAAs and TMLAs. A recently proposed meta‐heuristics computation technique called whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed to get the optimal results. The current excitation amplitude and the inter‐element spacing of the 16‐element LAA are optimized with WOA to attain the desired results. However, due to the large dynamic range ratios (DRRs) of excitation weights, array feed network complexities are increased, which restricts the design of typical LAAs. TMLAs can be regarded as an alternative solution where the problem of large DRRs as well as the design complexities of LAAs are eliminated. The concept of ‘time’ is vital in time‐modulation as it plays the role of an added degree of freedom realized by periodically turning ON and OFF the radio‐frequency switches with an electronic control circuit to achieve an enhanced array radiation pattern. WOA is utilized to determine the optimal switch‐ON time periods for each array element and the optimal inter‐element spacing of a 16‐element TMLA. A set of numerical results validates the advantages of TMLAs over LAAs, and the limitations of TMLAs with respect to LAAs are also indicated. The performance of both the arrays is then compared with other published literature results to establish the superiority of the proposed approach.
Revised HAS‐BLED score for bleeding prediction in atrial fibrillation patients with oral anticoagulants
Authors: Methavigul Komsing
Published: April 2022

Background

There were several limitations to the original HAS‐BLED (oHAS‐BLED) score in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This trial studied the revised HAS‐BLED (rHAS‐BLED) score for predicting bleeding events in anticoagulated AF patients.

Methods

This study retrospectively recruited anticoagulated AF patients in the Central Chest Institute of Thailand between 2014 and 2021. The rHAS‐BLED score was oHAS‐BLED using the estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for abnormal renal function, SAMe‐TT2R2 score of ≥3 for labile INR, and adding clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) into bleeding history. The outcome was major bleeding (MB) and/or CRNMB at 1‐year follow‐up visit. The outcome between both groups was compared by using the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test. Receiver‐operating characteristics curve was used to analyze the discrimination performances of both scores and the results were illustrated by using c‐statistics.

Results

A total of 256 anticoagulated AF patients were enrolled. The average age was 73.6 ± 10.1 years. The average oHAS‐BLED and rHAS‐BLED scores were 1.7 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 1.2, respectively. Twenty patients in rHAS‐BLED ≥3 (15.9%) and 9 patients in rHAS‐BLED <3 (6.9%) experienced MB and/or CRNMB. The rHAS‐BLED score of ≥3 increased the bleeding risk with statistical significance (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.11–5.81, p = .04). The discriminative performance of the rHAS‐BLED score was illustrated with c‐statistics of 0.61 (95% CI 0.50–0.71).

Conclusions

The rHAS‐BLED score could predict bleeding events in anticoagulated AF patients. However, a larger study is needed to confirm these results in the future.
Experiences of participation in a population‐based survey on violence: Emotional discomfort, disclosure concerns, and the perceived value of participation among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Zhu Liping , Seya Marie Kaye Soletchi , Villaveces Andrés , Conkling Martha , Trika Beugre Joseph , Kamagate Maman Fathim Myriam , Annor Francis B. , Massetti Greta M.
Published: April 2022

The accurate measurement of violence depends on high‐quality data collected using methods that ensure participant confidentiality, privacy, and safety. To assess survey participants’ emotional distress, discomfort, and self‐perceived value of participating in the Honduras (2017), El Salvador (2017), Cote d'Ivoire (2018), and Lesotho (2018) Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, which include sensitive topics such as sexual, physical, and emotional violence, we investigated individual self‐reported distress and perceived value of participation by age, sex, and other demographic factors. We also examined the associations between past experiences of violence and both self‐reported distress and perceived value of survey participation. Few individuals reported distress or concerns about disclosure. Across countries, 82.9% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 96.1% (Honduras) of participants indicated they were not afraid that someone might overhear their answers, 82.5% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 98.0% (El Salvador) said participation was not upsetting or stressful, and 93.3% (Cote d'Ivoire) to 98.6% (Honduras) said participation was worthwhile. The value of these interviews may exceed the negative feelings that some questions potentially elicit and can contribute to improved responses to victims.
Much ado about diversity? The perpetuation of old elites on corporate boards
Authors: Schmid Stefan , Roedder Felix
Published: April 2022

Despite ubiquitous diversity pledges, many corporate boards still closely resemble those of the past, in that they are largely composed of directors with distinct elite backgrounds. Our study asks why some firms have more elite boards than others. We draw on elite theory and organizational change and stability literature to argue that the elite's inherent propensity to self‐perpetuate is stronger in firms that are characterized by stability. Our empirical results, based on a Japanese sample, support our claim. We add to the debate on board composition by concluding that the old elite is likely to retain its importance in the future in firms that provide a suitable setting for its perpetuation.
Impact of mandatory CSR spending on strategic brand‐building levers: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in India
Authors: Bansal Manish
Published: April 2022

The study aims to examine the impact of Section 135 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 (firms of certain size and profitability are mandated to spend at least 2% of their profits on corporate social responsibility activities), on two strategic marketing levers, namely, intangible intensity, and advertising intensity. Recent studies document that mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) reduces the firm's intrinsic motivation to spent on CSR because it negatively affects their financial and market performance. Firms are no more viewing CSR as a brand‐building tool and hence reluctant to spend on CSR. Accordingly, firms are likely to look for alternative ways of brand building, where they can channel their saved CSR funds. The author posits that Section 135 impacts the marketing levers. Based on the triple interaction framework, empirical results exhibit that firms anchor around the 2% CSR spends mandate and channelize their saved CSR funds to intangible assets rather than spending on advertising during the post‐legislation period. It shows the unintended consequences of Section 135.
W band vector millimeter‐wave signal generation based on a new photonic frequency quadrupling without optical filter
Authors: Wang Dongfei
Published: April 2022

In this study, we have proposed and verified a new frequency quadrupling scheme to achieve the generation of W band (75 G–110 G) vector millimeter‐wave signal (mm‐wave), in which optical filter is needless. To eliminate constellation overlapping of the generated vector mm‐wave signal caused by phase multiplication in the process of frequency multiplication, precoding assisted technique is adopted. Simulations are done to generate 80 GHz 16 phase‐shift keying (16PSK) modulated vector mm‐wave signals using a 20 GHz radio frequency source and the bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed in detail. The results show that BER of the generated 10 Gbit/s vector mm‐wave signal is below 3.8 × 10−3, when the input optical power for into photodetector is higher than −5 dBm.
31P MRSIat 7 T enables high‐resolution volumetric mapping of the intracellular magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles
Authors: Franke Vanessa L. , Breitling Johannes , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Korzowski Andreas
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The non‐invasive determination of the free magnesium ion concentration ([Mg2+free]) using31P MRSI in vivo is of interest in research on various pathologies, e.g. diabetes. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of31P MRSI at 7 T to enable volumetric, high‐resolution mapping of [Mg2+free].

Methods

3D31P MRSI datasets from the lower leg of three healthy volunteers were acquired at B0 = 7 T with a nominal spatial resolution of (8 × 8 × 16) mm3in 56 min. Volumetric [Mg2+free] maps were calculated based on the quantified local chemical shift difference between the α‐ and β‐resonance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) considering also local pH values. Mean [Mg2+free] values from three different muscle groups were compared. To demonstrate the potential of reducing the measurement time, the analysis was repeated on the acquired MRSI data retrospectively reconstructed with fewer averages.

Results

The generated [Mg2+free] maps revealed local differences, and mean [Mg2+free] values of (1.08 ± 0.03) mM were found in the tibialis anterior, (0.91 ± 0.04) mM in the soleus and (0.98 ± 0.03) mM in the gastrocnemius medialis. The time‐reduced 28‐min scan resulted in comparable [Mg2+free] maps, and mean values being in agreement with the values from the 56‐min scan.

Conclusion

31P MRSI at 7 T enables volumetric, high‐resolution mapping of free magnesium ion content in human lower leg muscles. The measurement time of the31P MRSI acquisition can be reduced to 28 min, opening the potential to apply volumetric [Mg2+free] mapping for the investigation of pathologies with altered magnesium homeostasis.