bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life table study of Sitotroga cerealella on different cereals and its implications on the performance of the egg parasitoid (Trichogramma chilonis) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Salim Muhammad , Ullah Imdad , Saljoqi Ahmad Ur Rahman , Gökçe Ayhan , Ahmad Sarir , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Sayed Amany A. , Aleya Lotfi , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Shah Muddaser
Published: July 2023

Sitotroga cerealellais one of the major pests of cereals in the field and storage conditions throughout the world. The main objective was to study the life tables ofS. cerealellaon wheat, maize and barley and its implications on percent parasitism ofTrichogramma chilonis.S. cerealellais reared under lab conditions as its eggs are utilized for rearingT. chilonis. Fresh eggs ofS. cerealellawere collected and after hatching the neonate larvae ofS. cerealellawere transferred onto each host plant species for obtaining first (F1) generation (G). Seventy eggs were used for each host and each egg was used as a replicate. Daily observations were made for recording the life-table parameters of theS. cerealella. The data showed that the developmental time ofS. cerealellaeggs and pupae was maximum (5.68 and 7.75 days) when reared on wheat, while the maximum larval duration (19.77 days) ofS. cerealellawas recorded on barley. The maximum fecundity (290.30 ± 22.47 eggs/female) was recorded on maize, while minimum fecundity per female was recorded on barley (159.30 eggs/ female). TheS. cerealellareared on maize had significantly higher values of finite rate of increase(λ),intrinsic rate of increase (r),and net reproductive rate (Ro)(0.14 ± 0.04 day− 1, 1.16 ± 0.05 day− 1, and 136.85 ± 20.25 eggs/ female) respectively. The mean generation time (T) (35.18 ± 0.61 days) was higher on wheat. Likewise, the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and the age-stage specific reproductive values (vxj) of newly oviposited eggs ofS. cerealellawere recorded higher (136.85 ± 20.25; 1.160 offspring) on maize. The data regarding the efficacy ofT. chilonisfor different parameters were recorded higher on maize i.e., percent parasitism (89.00 ± 2.30%), percent adult emergence (81.60 ± 1.20%), adult longevity (3.80 ± 0.10 days) and total adult longevity (9.90 ± 0.20 days) as compared to wheat and barley. Our findings revealed thatS. cerealellacan be best reared on maize under laboratory conditions as it prefers this host as compared to wheat and barley. Therefore, assigning the most susceptible and favorite host (maize) would help us to improveT. chilonismass production under laboratory conditions.
Extracellular vesicle analysis of plasma allows differential diagnosis of atypical pancreatic serous cystadenoma
Authors: Yang Katherine S. , O’Shea Aileen , Zelga Piotr , Liss Andrew S. , Del Castillo Carlos Fernandez , Weissleder Ralph
Published: July 2023

Increased use of cross-sectional imaging has resulted in frequent detection of incidental cystic pancreatic lesions. Serous cystadenomas (SCAs) are benign cysts that do not require surgical intervention unless symptomatic. Unfortunately, up to half of SCAs do not have typical imaging findings (“atypical SCAs”), overlap with potentially malignant precursor lesions, and thus pose a diagnostic challenge. We tested whether the analysis of circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers using a digital EV screening technology (DEST) could enhance the discrimination of cystic pancreatic lesions and avoid unnecessary surgical intervention in these atypical SCAs. Analysis of 25 different protein biomarkers in plasma EV from 68 patients identified a putative biomarker signature of Das-1, Vimentin, Chromogranin A, and CAIX with high discriminatory power (AUC of 0.99). Analysis of plasma EV for multiplexed markers may thus be helpful in clinical decision-making.
Role of PDLIM1 in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis progression
Authors: Ye Bingyu , Yu Mengli , Yue Meijuan , Yin Man , Zhang Chunyan , Wang Qiwen , Ding Xinru , Shen Wenlong , Zhao Zhihu
Published: July 2023

Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic hepatic injury and may lead to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. When hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated by liver injury, they transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find safe and effective drugs for HSCs activation treatment to prevent liver against fibrosis. Here, we reported that PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1), a highly conserved cytoskeleton organization regulator, was significantly up-regulated in fibrotic liver tissues and TGF-β-treated HSC-T6 cells. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that knockdown of PDLIM1 resulted in a significant downregulation of genes related to inflammation and immune-related pathways in HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, PDLIM1 knockdown significantly inhibited the activation of HSC-T6 cells and the trans-differentiation of HSC-T6 cells into myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 is involved in the regulation of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways in HSCs activation. Thus, targeting PDLIM1 may provide an alternative method to suppress HSCs activation during liver injury. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a master regulator of genome architecture, is upregulated during HSCs activation. PDLIM1 knockdown also indirectly reduced CTCF protein expression, however, CTCF binding to chromatin was not significantly altered by CUT&Tag analysis. We speculate that CTCF may cooperate with PDLIM1 to activate HSCs in other ways. Our results suggest that PDLIM1 can accelerate the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis progression and could be a potential biomarker for monitoring response to anti-fibrotic therapy.
Relationship between asymmetric nostril use and human emotional odours in cats
Authors: d’Ingeo Serenella , Siniscalchi Marcello , Straziota Valeria , Ventriglia Gianluca , Sasso Raffaella , Quaranta Angelo
Published: July 2023

Cat social behaviour and cognition has received a growing interest during the last decades. Recent studies reported that cats efficiently engage in interspecific communication with humans and suggest that cats are sensitive to human emotional visual and auditory cues. To date, there is no evidence on the social and informative role of human emotional odours, which may affect human-cat communication. In this study, we presented cats with human odours collected in different emotional contexts (fear, happiness, physical stress and neutral) and evaluated the animals’ behavioural responses. We found that “fear” odours elicited higher stress levels than “physical stress” and “neutral”, suggesting that cats perceived the valence of the information conveyed by “fear” olfactory signals and regulate their behaviour accordingly. Moreover, the prevalent use of the right nostril (right hemisphere activation) with the increase of stress levels, particularly in response to “fear” odours, provides first evidence of lateralized emotional functions of olfactory pathways in cats.
Novel Ru(ii) complexes with multiple anticancer photoreactivity: ligand exchange, photoredox catalysis, reactive oxygen generation and endoperoxide formation
Authors: Dao Anyi , Wu Haorui , Wei Siqi , Huang Huaiyi
Published: July 2023

A novel photoactivable Ru(ii) complex (Ru2) with multiple anticancer photoreactivity, including photodynamic therapy, photocatalytic therapy and photoactivated chemotherapy, was designed and synthesized.
Vat photopolymerization 3D printed microfluidic devices for organ-on-a-chip applications
Authors: Milton Laura A. , Viglione Matthew S. , Ong Louis Jun Ye , Nordin Gregory P. , Toh Yi-Chin
Published: July 2023

We provide a guide for organs-on-chip developers interested in transitioning to 3D printing as a fabrication method, emphasizing crucial considerations for this endeavor.
Ni(ii)-polypyridyl complexes as potential DNA binders
Authors: Sahni Priya , Gupta Rahat , Tripathy Debakanta , Rath Soumya Lipsa , Pal Amlan K.
Published: July 2023

Judiciously designed Ni(ii)-polypyridyl complexes can act as potential DNA binders.
Organocatalytic stereoselective construction of polycyclic benzo[b]thiophenes from 2-aminobenzo[b]thiophenes and alkynyl-substituted enones
Authors: Niu Cheng , Zheng Yao , Du Da-Ming
Published: July 2023

Bifunctional thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [3+3] annulation of 2-aminobenzothiophenes with alkynyl-substituted enones for enantioselective synthesis of polycyclic benzothiophenes with high stereoselectivities was developed.
Properties and merger signatures of galaxies hosting LISA coalescing massive black hole binaries
Authors: Izquierdo-Villalba David , Colpi Monica , Volonteri Marta , Spinoso Daniele , Bonoli Silvia , Sesana Alberto
Published: July 2023

The gravitational wave (GW) antenna LISA will detect the signal from coalescing massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) of 104 − 107 M⊙, providing clues as to their formation and growth throughout cosmic history. Some of these events will be localised with a precision of several to less than a deg2, enabling the possible identification of their host galaxy. This work explores the properties of the host galaxies of LISA MBHBs below z ≲ 3. We generate a simulated lightcone using the semi-analytical model L-Galaxies applied to the merger trees of the high-resolution N-body cosmological simulation Millennium-II. The model shows that LISA MBHBs are expected to be found in optically dim (r > 20), star-forming (sSFR > 10−10 yr−1), gas-rich (fgas > 0.6), and disc-dominated (B/T < 0.7) low-mass galaxies of stellar masses 108 − 109 M⊙. However, these properties are indistinguishable from those of galaxies harbouring single massive black holes of comparable mass, making it difficult to select LISA hosts among the whole population of low-mass galaxies. Motivated by this, we explore the possibility of using merger signatures to select LISA hosts. We find that 40%−80% of the galaxies housing LISA MBHBs display merger features related to the interaction that brought the secondary MBH to the galaxy. Despite this, around 60% of dwarf galaxies placed in the surroundings of the LISA hosts will show these kinds of features as well, challenging the unequivocal detection of LISA hosts through the search for merger signatures. Consequently, the detection of an electromagnetic transient associated with the MBHB merger will be vital in order to pinpoint the star-forming dwarf galaxy where these binary systems evolve and coalesce.
Leçons de vie de Mme Dieterlen : des recherches sur l’hématopoïèse précoce chez la souris et au-delà
Authors: Manaia Alexandra
Published: July 2023

Ce texte rend compte de ma participation à la Journée d’Hommage à Mme Françoise Dieterlen qui s’est déroulée à Paris, au Campus Pierre et Marie Curie de Sorbonne Université le 21 juin 2022. J’évoque son rôle comme directrice de ma thèse de doctorat et de mentor, ainsi que la pertinence et l’impact de ses contributions scientifiques à la connaissance fondamentale de l’hématopoïèse embryonnaire et de ses liens avec le système vasculaire. Mon témoignage comprend également des aspects de sa façon d’être qui m’ont influencée en termes de développement personnel.
Verletzungen der proximalen und distalen Bizepssehne
Authors: Otto Alexander , Fritsch Lorenz , Kadantsev Pavel , Siebenlist Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Der M. biceps brachii besitzt 2 proximale Ursprünge und einen distalen Ansatz. Dabei kann die lange Bizepssehne (LBS) häufig als Ursache für den vorderen Schulterschmerz identifiziert
werden. Zahlreiche Pathologien wie eine Tendinitis, (Partial-)Risse oder Subluxation der LBS sind dafür grundlegend. Rupturen der Rotatorenmanschette stellen dabei auch ursächliche
Veränderungen für Beschwerden der LBS dar. Scheitert die konservative Therapie, kann entsprechend dem körperlichen Anspruch eine Tenotomie resp. Tenodese der LBS erfolgen. Sowohl supra-
als auch subpektorale LBS-Tenodesen führen dabei zu guten funktionellen Ergebnissen. Die LBS-Tenotomie kann bei Patienten mit geringeren funktionellen Anforderungen angewandt werden,
jedoch mit einem höheren Risiko für eine postoperative Distalisierung des Muskelbauchs des Biceps brachii.

Die distale Bizepssehne (DBS) ist der wichtigste Supinator des Unterarms und fungiert als sekundärer Flexor des Ellenbogens. Rupturen der DBS treten am häufigsten bei Männern mittleren
Alters im Rahmen eines traumatischen Ereignisses auf. Bei körperlichem Anspruch mit relevantem Defizit von Supinationskraft und -ausdauer ist die chirurgische Versorgung indiziert.
Verschiedene Operationstechniken sind zur Refixation der DBS beschrieben. In unserer Praxis hat sich die unikortikale Onlay-Refixation sowohl mit dem Kortikalis-Button als auch mit
All-Suture-Ankern bewährt. Bei chronischen Rupturen der DBS kann eine Augmentation durch ein Transplantat durchgeführt werden.

Dieser Artikel bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Therapie von proximalen und distalen Sehnenrupturen des Biceps brachii.
Aktueller Stand zu Verletzungen der proximalen und distalen Hamstring-Sehnen
Authors: Otto Alexander , Fenwick Annabel , Wiedl Andreas , Mayr Edgar
Published: July 2023

Die ischiokrurale Muskulatur, auch Hamstring-Muskulatur genannt, überspannt sowohl das Hüft- als auch das Kniegelenk und erleidet während sportlicher Aktivitäten häufig Verletzungen.
Sehnenverletzungen der Hamstring-Muskulatur sind eine seltenere Entität als die Verletzung der Muskulatur selbst.

Allerdings kann insbesondere die Avulsion der proximalen Hamstring-Sehnen zu immobilisierenden Beschwerden mit fortwährender Einschränkung der Sportfähigkeit führen. Entsprechend dem
individuellen körperlichen und sportlichen Anspruch erfolgt die weiterführende Therapie dieser klinisch relevanten Verletzung. Im Rahmen der operativen Versorgung erfolgt eine Refixation
der proximalen Hamstring-Sehnen am Tuber ischiadicum. Die operative Therapie zeigte eine signifikant höhere Patientenzufriedenheit sowie eine signifikant bessere Wiederherstellung der
Sportfähigkeit als ein konservatives Vorgehen. Zudem konnten Vorteile für die akute gegenüber einer verzögerten operativen Versorgung beobachtet werden.

Rupturen der distalen Hamstring-Sehnen stellen eine noch seltenere Verletzung als die der proximalen Hamstring-Sehnen dar. Dabei sind vor allem Verletzungen der distalen
M.-biceps-femoris- und M.-semimembranosus-Sehne von klinischer Relevanz. Die Ruptur der distalen M.-biceps-femoris-Sehne tritt vorwiegend im Rahmen von Multiligamentverletzungen des
Kniegelenks auf. Jedoch ist die Literatur betreffend Verletzungen der distalen Hamstring-Sehnen, insbesondere isolierter Sehnenrupturen, nur auf Fallserien und Fallbeschreibungen
limitiert.

Dieser Artikel bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Therapie von proximalen und distalen Rupturen der Hamstring-Sehnen.
Verletzungen der proximalen Rectus-femoris- und Adductor-longus-Sehne
Authors: Kim Suchung , Lacheta Lucca , Stöckle Ulrich
Published: July 2023

Sehnenrupturen der proximalen Rectus-femoris- und Adduktorensehne sind in der breiten Bevölkerung zwar sehr selten, jedoch in Sportarten wie Fußball oder Sprinten aufgrund sportspezifischer und immer wiederkehrender Bewegungsabläufe häufiger und von großer Relevanz, da sie zu langen Ausfallzeiten bis hin zum Karriereende führen können.

Anatomisch sind der 2-gelenkige (diarthrodiale) Verlauf des M. rectus femoris (RF) und der lange Verlauf des M. adductor longus (AL), vom oberen Schambeinast zum dorsalen Femur, charakteristisch. Durch schnelle, kraftvolle Hüftflexionsbewegungen und abrupte Adduktionsbewegungen bei schnellen Richtungswechseln in diversen Sportarten sind beide Muskeln häufig von Verletzungen betroffen.

Die Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung sind meist wegweisend, eine anschließende bildgebende Diagnostik jedoch für beide Muskeln essenziell. Die Sonografie und die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) sind dabei der Goldstandard. Die Therapie kann sowohl konservativ als auch operativ durchgeführt werden und ist abhängig vom Schweregrad der Verletzung.

Eine konservativ behandelte RF-Ruptur birgt die Gefahr von persistierenden Beschwerden und einem relevanten Kraftdefizit bei Wiederaufnahme der sportlichen Belastung, weshalb bei sportlich hohem Anspruch die Indikation zur operativen Refixation großzügiger gestellt werden sollte.

Im Bereich der proximalen AL zeigt die operative Therapie nach derzeitigem Stand keinen Vorteil. Eine Besonderheit stellt der Apophysenabriss bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar und bedarf nicht selten einer osteosynthetischen Versorgung.
Psychosoziale Belastungen von Intensivpflegenden
Authors: Schädle Jana , Leoni-Scheiber Claudia
Published: July 2023

Pflegende auf interdisziplinären Intensivstationen sind überdurchschnittlich hohen psychischen und physischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Drei Bereiche stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt: der Sterbeprozess und Tod von Patienten, die mangelnde persönliche Schutzausrüstung inklusive damit assoziierter Infektionsgefahr sowie der stark zunehmende Mangel an Pflegefachpersonal. Mithilfe von evidenz- und forschungsbasierten Maßnahmen können negative Auswirkungen auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit der Intensivpflegenden weitgehend vermieden werden.
Clinical Informatics Approaches to Facilitate Cancer Data Sharing
Authors: Aneja Sanjay , Avesta Arman , Xu Hua , Machado Lucila Ohno
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Despite growing enthusiasm surrounding the utility of clinical informatics to improve cancer outcomes, data availability remains a persistent bottleneck to progress. Difficulty combining data with protected health information often limits our ability to aggregate larger more representative datasets for analysis. With the rise of machine learning techniques that require increasing amounts of clinical data, these barriers have magnified. Here, we review recent efforts within clinical informatics to address issues related to safely sharing cancer data.

Methods: We carried out a narrative review of clinical informatics studies related to sharing protected health data within cancer studies published from 2018-2022, with a focus on domains such as decentralized analytics, homomorphic encryption, and common data models.

Results: Clinical informatics studies that investigated cancer data sharing were identified. A particular focus of the search yielded studies on decentralized analytics, homomorphic encryption, and common data models. Decentralized analytics has been prototyped across genomic, imaging, and clinical data with the most advances in diagnostic image analysis. Homomorphic encryption was most often employed on genomic data and less on imaging and clinical data. Common data models primarily involve clinical data from the electronic health record. Although all methods have robust research, there are limited studies showing wide scale implementation.

Conclusions: Decentralized analytics, homomorphic encryption, and common data models represent promising solutions to improve cancer data sharing. Promising results thus far have been limited to smaller settings. Future studies should be focused on evaluating the scalability and efficacy of these methods across clinical settings of varying resources and expertise.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults with Treacher Collins Syndrome is Related with Altered Anthropometric Measurements, Increased Blood Pressure and Impaired Quality of Life
Authors: Vilma Fidélis-da Silva Leide , Henrique Kiemle-Trindade Sergio , Noel Marzano-Rodrigues Maria , Hollara Medeiros Laís , Tonello Cristiano , Kiemle Trindade-Suedam Ivy
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study aimed at evaluating the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its frequency in adults with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). The association of OSA with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), respiratory symptoms, and clinical variables was also assessed.

Material and Methods The subjects were prospectively screened for OSA through the Berlin Questionnaire and type I polysomnography. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire were used for assessing OSA-related symptoms. Quality of life was assessed by means of the Short Form 36 Health Survey.

Results The sample comprised 20 adults with TCS (55.0% female), aged 22.6 ± 5.8 years. Mean values of systemic blood pressure (113.0 ± 12.6/68.0 ± 9.5mmHg), body mass index (22.9 ± 5.9kg/m2), neck (34.1 ± 4.3cm), and waist circumference (80.4 ± 13.6cm) characterized the sample. A high risk for OSA was detected in 35% of the sample. Polysomnography results indicated an OSA frequency of 44.4%, with a median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value of 3.8 events/hour (minimum = 0.2; maximum = 77.5). Snoring (75.0%), nasal obstruction (70.0%) and EDS (20.0%) were the reported OSA-related symptoms. Quality of life median scores were 72.3 points (minimum = 45.0; maximum = 91.1). Strong positive correlations between AHI versus waist circumference and AHI versus systolic blood pressure were found. Moderate positive correlations between AHI versus body mass index and AHI versus neck circumference were detected. Negative correlation between AHI versus vitality were also observed.

Conclusion Adults with TCS are at high risk for OSA, which is associated with respiratory symptoms, altered anthropometric measurements, increased systolic pressure and impairment of quality of life.
Effective operators and their variational principles for discrete electrical network problems
Authors: Beard K. , Stefan A. , Viator R. , Welters A.
Published: July 2023

Using a Hilbert space framework inspired by the methods of orthogonal projections and Hodge decompositions, we study a general class of problems (called Z-problems) that arise in effective media theory, especially within the theory of composites, for defining the effective operator. A new and unified approach is developed, based on block operator methods, for obtaining solutions of the Z-problem, formulas for the effective operator in terms of the Schur complement, and associated variational principles (e.g., the Dirichlet and Thomson minimization principles) that lead to upper and lower bounds on the effective operator. In the case of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, this allows for a relaxation of the standard hypotheses on positivity and invertibility for the classes of operators usually considered in such problems by replacing inverses with the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse. As we develop the theory, we show how it applies to the classical example from the theory of composites on the effective conductivity in the periodic conductivity problem in the continuum (2d and 3d) under the standard hypotheses. After that, we consider the following three important and diverse examples (increasing in complexity) of discrete electrical network problems in which our theory applies under the relaxed hypotheses. First, an operator-theoretic reformulation of the discrete Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map for an electrical network on a finite linear graph is given and used to relate the DtN map to the effective operator of an associated Z-problem. Second, we show how the classical effective conductivity of an electrical network on a finite linear graph is essentially the effective operator of an associated Z-problem. Finally, we consider electrical networks on periodic linear graphs and develop a discrete analog to the classical example of the periodic conductivity equation and effective conductivity in the continuum.
An ultrasonic sweeper with micro-/nano-concentration, decorating, transmedium extraction, and localized cleaning functions
Authors: Liu Qingyang , Tang Qiang , Hu Junhui
Published: July 2023

The strategies that allow one single device to possess multiple controlled micro-/nano-manipulation functions are demanded by various fields. In this work, we have developed a probe-type ultrasonic sweeper with rich micro-/nano-manipulation functions, including concentration, decorating, transmedium extraction, and removal of micro-/nanoscale materials at the interface between a suspension film and a non-vibration substrate. The functions are implemented with a micro-manipulation probe (MMP) in contact with the substrate, which vibrates approximately linearly and perpendicularly to the substrate. Silver nanowires on the substrate can be sucked onto the vibrating MMP’s tip and accumulate to form a microsheet. By moving the MMP horizontally, nanowires on its motional path can be sucked onto the MMP’s tip, and controlled cleaning can be realized. If nanoparticles are mixed into the AgNW suspension uniformly, AgNWs in the accumulated microsheet can be decorated with the nanoparticles. More importantly, the accumulated nanomaterials on the MMP’s tip can be transported freely in the suspension film and even extracted into air from the liquid film. To the best of our knowledge, the ultrasonic sweeper in this work possesses the richest micro-/nano-manipulation functions than any other existing acoustic manipulators. The finite element analyses indicate that the multiple manipulation functions achieved are caused by the acoustic radiation force generated by the ultrasonic field in the suspension film.
Mg and Al-induced phase transformation and stabilization of Ga2O3-based
γ
-phase spinels
Authors: Tang Jingyu , Jiang Kunyao , House Stephen D. , Xu Chengchao , Xiao Kelly , Porter Lisa M. , Davis Robert F.
Published: July 2023

Ga2O3 films were deposited on (100) MgAl2O4 spinel substrates at 550, 650, 750, and 850 °C using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and investigated using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A phase-pure γ-Ga2O3-based material having an inverse spinel structure was formed at 850 °C; a mixture of the γ-phase and β-Ga2O3 was detected in films grown at 750 °C. Only β-Ga2O3 was determined in the films deposited at 650 and 550 °C. A β- to γ-phase transition occurred from the substrate/film interface during growth at 750 °C. The growth and stabilization of the γ-phase at the outset of film growth at 850 °C was affected by the substantial Mg and Al chemical interdiffusion from the MgAl2O4 substrate observed in the energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum. Atomic-scale investigations via scanning transmission electron microscopy of the films grown at 750 and 850 °C revealed a strong tetrahedral site preference for Ga and an octahedral site preference for Mg and Al. It is postulated that the occupation of these atoms in these particular sites drives the β-Ga2O3 to γ-phase transition and markedly enhances the thermal stability of the latter phase at elevated temperatures.
Time-dependent water wave scattering by a marine structure consisting of an array of compound porous cylinders
Authors: Bora Swaroop Nandan , Das Santu , Meylan Michael H. , Saha Sunanda , Zheng Siming
Published: July 2023

Under the assumption of linear wave theory, a semi-analytical model is developed to address the time-dependent water wave scattering problem involving a marine structure consisting of several circular rigid vertical cylinders, each of which is surrounded by a thin cylindrical porous wall with a water region between the inner cylinder and the wall. The problem is tackled by applying the eigenfunction expansion approach. The energy dissipation relation is also derived for the system of compound cylinders. The principal focus of this work lies in locating the optimum geometrical configurations for which the wave forces acting on the structure are minimal along a given wave direction in the frequency domain. Subsequently, the time-dependent response of the structure under the impact of a Gaussian wave pulse is examined. The wavenumber at which the force acting on the inner cylinder is at its maximum is obtained for a given value of the porous-effect parameter. Moreover, the value of that corresponding wavenumber decreases as the magnitude of the porous-effect parameter increases. The model is also carefully validated numerically against results available in the existing literature.
Momentum flux fluctuations in wall turbulence formulated along the distance from the wall
Authors: Mouri Hideaki , Ito Junshi
Published: July 2023

Wall turbulence has a sublayer where the mean wall-normal flux of the streamwise momentum is constant. Via the law of the wall, this mean flux is related to the wall-normal profile of the mean streamwise velocity. However, the momentum flux has large fluctuations, for which the corresponding law is yet unknown. To formulate such a law, we decompose fluctuations of the streamwise and the wall-normal velocities. These are smoothed to single out a component that would dominate the momentum flux fluctuations. It is dependent on the wall-normal distance. We relate this dependence to the wall-normal profile of the streamwise velocity variance. The resultant law is consistent with laboratory and field data across a wide range of that distance and applies readily to wall modeling of a numerical simulation.
Enhanced synaptic performances in SrIrO3 thin films by a ferroelectric layer
Authors: Wu Xinxiu , Li Zeyang , Yi Xiao , Jia Caihong , Zhang Weifeng
Published: July 2023

SrIrO3 (SIO) with a perovskite structure exhibits broad application prospects in electronic synapses due to its high carrier mobility, scalability, and compatibility with silicon technology. On the other hand, ferroelectric polarization can efficiently and directionally regulate the movement of carriers, which provides the possibility to improve the synaptic properties of such materials. In this study, electronic synapses based on the SIO epitaxial film with introducing a ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) layer, multiple important synaptic plasticity functions including paired-pulse depression, spike-rate-dependent plasticity, spike-time-dependent plasticity, and abnormal Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro learning rule have been simulated by electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the PZT/SIO/Nb:SrTiO3 (NSTO) device exhibits larger synaptic weight and dynamic range of conductance and requires less training pulses compared to the SIO/NSTO device, which may be attributed to the enhanced modulation of the variation in the SIO/NSTO interface barrier by the polarization field. This research makes a great contribution to the efficient and fast information transmission of neuromorphic computing.
Surface defect compensation of Ga2O3 thin films N-doped by nitrogen plasma for enhanced electrical performance and luminescence effect
Authors: Ji Xueqiang , Qi Xiaohui , Yue Jianying , Wang JinJin , Yan Zuyong , Li Shan , Liu Zeng , Tang Weihua , Li Peigang
Published: July 2023

Nitrogen (N) doping engineering is considered a promising approach to achieve p-type conductivity of Ga2O3 films. However, the defect self-compensation effect has been a major obstacle in this field. In this work, we propose a straightforward and environmentally friendly strategy to obtain a doped surface on β-Ga2O3 films via nonthermal N plasma-based treatment. By substituting nitrogen with oxygen, acceptor impurity levels are formed near the valence band, and self-trapped exciton recombination occurs, thereby enhancing the luminescence effect related to acceptor defects. Meanwhile, although achieving stable p-type conduction with N dopant acceptors remains challenging, the surface conductive properties are enhanced by the defect compensation of oxygen vacancy (VO) donor defects. Therefore, detailed investigations into the surface defect compensation of N-doped Ga2O3 thin films are of great research potential for device applications.
Inexact iterative numerical linear algebra for neural network-based spectral estimation and rare-event prediction
Authors: Strahan John , Guo Spencer C. , Lorpaiboon Chatipat , Dinner Aaron R. , Weare Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Understanding dynamics in complex systems is challenging because there are many degrees of freedom, and those that are most important for describing events of interest are often not obvious. The leading eigenfunctions of the transition operator are useful for visualization, and they can provide an efficient basis for computing statistics, such as the likelihood and average time of events (predictions). Here, we develop inexact iterative linear algebra methods for computing these eigenfunctions (spectral estimation) and making predictions from a dataset of short trajectories sampled at finite intervals. We demonstrate the methods on a low-dimensional model that facilitates visualization and a high-dimensional model of a biomolecular system. Implications for the prediction problem in reinforcement learning are discussed.
Optical properties of N2/Ar plasma generated by electron beams with silicon nitride transmission window at high pressures
Authors: Yan S. Q. , Chen Y. , Ma Y. , Gao J. K. , Zhu X. D.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we report the generation of nitrogen/argon electron beam plasmas with a 0.4 μm-thick silicon nitride transmission window. The measured transmittance of the electron beam is about 92% when the incident energy of electron beam is 40 keV. The optical properties of the electron beam plasma are investigated at high pressures. The luminescence intensity distribution of nitrogen and argon electron beam plasmas shows a good similarity with changing the gas pressure, suggesting that electron beam ionization is independent of background gas. At the same gas pressure, the nitrogen plasma with conical structure has a longer length along the incident direction of the electron beam and a smaller divergence cone angle compared with the argon plasma. In the nitrogen discharge, it is found that the intensities I380.4, I399.7, and I391.4 corresponding to characteristic lines at 380.4, 399.7, and 391.4 nm decrease along the incident direction of the electron beam, which is correlated with the reduction of the electron density along the incident direction of the electron beam. There is no change in the ratio of I399.7 to I380.4, indicating the spatial uniformity of the electron temperature. When the pressure increases, the ionization process induced by primary electron is enhanced, generating more plasma electrons, which is responding to the increase in the characteristic line intensity. At the same time, the neutral particle collision processes are enhanced and the electron temperature decreases with the increase in the pressure, which is believed to contribute to the observed reduction of the I399.7/I380.4 ratio.
Mass spectroscopy study of the intermediate magic-size cluster species during cooperative cation exchange
Authors: Yao Yuan , Lynch Reilly , Robinson Richard D.
Published: July 2023

Cation exchange is a versatile post-synthetic method to explore a wide range of nanoparticle compositions, phases, and morphologies. Recently, several studies have expanded the scope of cation exchange to magic-size clusters (MSCs). Mechanistic studies indicated that MSC cation exchange undergoes a two-stage reaction pathway instead of the continuous diffusion-controlled mechanism found in nanoparticle cation exchange reactions. The cation exchange intermediate, however, has not been well-identified despite it being the key to understanding the reaction mechanism. Only indirect evidence, such as exciton peak shifts and powder x-ray diffraction, has been used to indicate the formation of the cation exchange intermediate. In this paper, we investigate the unusual nature of cation exchange in nanoclusters using our previously reported CdS MSC. High-resolution mass spectra reveal two cation exchanged reaction intermediates [Ag2Cd32S33(L) and AgCd33S33(L), L: oleic acid] as well as the fully exchanged Ag2S cluster. Crystal and electronic structure characterizations also confirm the two-stage reaction mechanism. Additionally, we investigate the Cu/CdS MSC cation exchange reaction and find a similar two-stage reaction mechanism. Our study shows that the formation of dilutely exchanged intermediate clusters can be generally found in the first stage of the MSC cation exchange reaction. By exchanging different cations, these intermediate clusters can access varying properties compared to their unexchanged counterparts.
Classification of axisymmetric shapes of droplets on fibers. Could non-wettable fibers support axisymmetric droplets?
Authors: Bazilevsky Alexander V. , Kornev Konstantin G.
Published: July 2023

With the developments in nanotechnology, nanofibrous materials attract great attention as possible platforms for fluidic engineering. This requires an understanding of droplet interactions with fibers when gravity plays no significant role. This work aims to classify all possible axisymmetric configurations of droplets on fibers. The contact angle that the drop makes with the fiber surface is allowed to change from 0° to 180°. Nodoidal apple-like droplets with inverted menisci cusped toward the droplet center and unduloidal droplets with menisci cusped away from the droplet center were introduced and fully analyzed. The existing theory describing axisymmetric droplets on fibers is significantly enriched introducing new morphological configurations of droplets. It is experimentally shown that the barreled droplets could be formed on non-wettable fibers offering contact angles greater than 90°. The theory was quantitatively confirmed with hemispherical droplets formed at the end of a capillary tube and satisfying all the boundary conditions of the model. It is expected that the developed theory could be used for the design of nanofiber-based fluidic devices and for drop-on-demand technologies.
Electrical characteristics of the plasma filament generated by microsecond-pulsed underwater streamer discharges
Authors: Wang Liru , Wen Xiaoqiong , Yang Yuantian , Wang Xue
Published: July 2023

The underwater streamer discharges have a variety of potential applications in environmental science and technology. The electrical characteristics of the plasma filament generated by underwater streamer discharges play an important role in its propagation through water and influence the production of the chemical reactive species and the energy injected into the plasma filament. In this paper, we studied the electric field inside the plasma filament, the electric field at the head of the plasma filament, and the electrical conductivity of the plasma filament. By measuring the maximum length and the radius of the plasma filament, we found that the linear relation between the maximum length of the plasma filament and the applied voltage is not affected by the water conductivity within the range of 60–540 μS/cm. Based on such kind of linear relation, the electric field inside the plasma filament and the electric field at the head of the plasma filament were estimated as 26.0 ± 1.2 and 372 ± 52 kV/cm on average, respectively, being independent of the water conductivity within the range of 60–540 μS/cm. The electrical conductivity of the plasma filament was 0.4–3.7 S/cm within the range studied, being 3–4 orders of magnitude greater than that of the ambient water and depending significantly on the water conductivity. The experimental data obtained in the present work will be beneficial for the design of the reactor of pulsed underwater discharges.
Data-informed reservoir computing for efficient time-series prediction
Authors: Köster Felix , Patel Dhruvit , Wikner Alexander , Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy
Published: July 2023

We propose a new approach to dynamical system forecasting called data-informed-reservoir computing (DI-RC) that, while solely being based on data, yields increased accuracy, reduced computational cost, and mitigates tedious hyper-parameter optimization of the reservoir computer (RC). Our DI-RC approach is based on the recently proposed hybrid setup where a knowledge-based model is combined with a machine learning prediction system, but it replaces the knowledge-based component by a data-driven model discovery technique. As a result, our approach can be chosen when a suitable knowledge-based model is not available. We demonstrate our approach using a delay-based RC as the machine learning component in conjunction with sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems for the data-driven model component. We test the performance on two example systems: the Lorenz system and the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky system. Our results indicate that our proposed technique can yield an improvement in the time-series forecasting capabilities compared with both approaches applied individually, while remaining computationally cheap. The benefit of our proposed approach, compared with pure RC, is most pronounced when the reservoir parameters are not optimized, thereby reducing the need for hyperparameter optimization.
Measurement of the thermal diffusivities of insulating materials using boiling water
Authors: Rout Sunil , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar , Chaudhury Kaustav
Published: July 2023

We present a method and corresponding experimental setup for estimating thermal diffusivities of insulating materials. The setup consists of a boiling water container placed on a heating plate; the test plate is placed atop the boiling water container. Under this condition, both the steady and transient input-response temperature characteristics are measured. We find that the water in its boiling state causes a nearly stable temperature at one side of the test plate. However, this stable condition is reached only after an initial transient period. Rather than using either steady or transient behavior of the response temperature characteristics exclusively in the analysis, we show the potential of using both by combining the experimental observations with the subsequent theoretical and optimization analyses. The proposed method and experimental setup do not require any prior estimation of other parameters. All the necessary information, including the thermal diffusivity, can be estimated from the input-response temperature characteristics only, as we show here.
Experimental analysis of a propeller noise in turbulent flow
Authors: Jamaluddin Nur Syafiqah , Celik Alper , Baskaran Kabilan , Rezgui Djamel , Azarpeyvand Mahdi
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental aeroacoustic investigation of a propeller under turbulence ingestion. Two turbulence-generating passive grids were utilized to quantify the effect of turbulence intensity on the aeroacoustic characteristics of the propeller. A two-component hot-wire anemometry was employed to study the flow field. The flow field results demonstrate a substantial increase in fluctuating velocity components in both axial and radial directions, concentrated at the mid-span of the blade and near the tip, respectively. Energy spectral analysis in the vicinity of the propeller blade shows significantly higher broadband energy levels with multiple haystacking peaks at the harmonics of the blade passage frequency. Far-field noise and load measurement results show that turbulence ingestion has a strong effect on the aerodynamic loading and acoustic response at the blade passage frequency. The directivity of noise radiation at low frequency shows a significant tonal noise contribution. Meanwhile, broadband noise radiation is more dominant at a higher range of frequency, especially when the propeller is operated with turbulence ingestion and at higher advance ratio settings. The far-field noise results revealed the haystacking trends in the low frequency domain of the spectra and are most significant for propellers operating in turbulent inflows.
Power scaling of a self-mode-locked vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser
Authors: Yan Ri , Zhu Renjiang , Wu Yadong , Wang Tao , Jiang Lidan , Lu Huanyu , Song Yanrong , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2023

A typical self-mode-locked vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser must operate at the edge of the stable region of the resonant cavity. Its minimal pump spot on the gain chip is used as a soft aperture. By comparing with a continuous-wave (CW) laser, the pulsed laser is focused more tightly on the gain chip due to the Kerr-lens effect. This mitigates cavity loss of the pulsed laser in comparison with the CW laser, such that successive mode-locking can be initiated. The disadvantage of the above method is that the relatively small pump spot, producing relatively large thermal effect, limits the output power of the laser. To address this issue, we propose another method with the work point of the laser moved slightly from the edge of the stable region and the pump spot moderately extended, with a spot of the pulsed laser on the gain chip that could be smaller or larger than that of the CW laser. We achieve stable self-mode-locking with a record average output power of 8.18 W in a V-type resonator, limited by the applied pump power. The pulse repetition rate and width are 0.71 GHz and 1.92 ps, respectively, and the corresponding peak power is 5.6 kW.
A simulation study on colloid diffusion under time-varying optical potentials
Authors: Yücel Harun
Published: July 2023

With its momentum transfer, light is a primary tool for manipulating microscale objects in various research fields, including physics, chemistry, and biology. Optical force fields, also known as energy landscapes, play a crucial role in manipulating micro- and nano-sized objects, enabling the sorting of mixed micro-sized particles. This study investigates the effect of time-varying periodic optical fields created by a structured light illumination technique on the diffusion motion of micro-sized colloidal particles suspended in a liquid. A simulation code is developed to calculate the optical force acting on particles due to any time-varying optical force field. Simulations are performed to produce trajectories of particles of different sizes suspended in a liquid for different illumination patterns. The results show that the average velocities of the particles depend on the projected optical pattern parameters and that mixtures of particles of different sizes can be separated using time-varying sequential patterns, thereby improving particle separation resolution.
Nonlinear coherent structures of electrostatic ion cyclotron wave induced by a moving obstacle
Authors: Mistri Arindam , Chakraborty Debkumar , Ghosh Samiran
Published: July 2023

The excitations of nonlinear electrostatic ion cyclotron waves arising from a steadily moving charged obstacle are investigated in collisionless plasmas. In the weakly nonlinear and dispersive limit, it is shown that the moving obstacle-induced excitations can be described by a forced Ostrovsky-type model equation. The exact analytical solution predicts that the nonlinear equation does have a periodic solution for a specific analytic form of the obstacle. The computational results are noteworthy, which predict the generation of coherent nonlinear structures, such as bipolar, sawtooth, and multi-harmonic, of the electric field at the transcritical speed of the obstacle along with the wave packets. The results agree well with the astrophysical observations in auroral plasmas.
Enhanced Hall mobility in graphene-on-electronic-grade diamond
Authors: Majdi S. , Djurberg V. , Asad M. , Aitkulova A. , Suntornwipat N. , Stake J. , Isberg J.
Published: July 2023

The outstanding electronic properties of graphene make this material a candidate for many applications, for instance, ultra-fast transistors. However, self-heating and especially the detrimental influence of available supporting substrates have impeded progress in this field. In this study, we fabricate graphene-diamond heterostructures by transferring graphene to an ultra-pure single-crystalline diamond substrate. Hall-effect measurements were conducted at 80 to 300 K on graphene Hall bars to investigate the charge transport properties in these devices. Enhanced hole mobility of 2750 cm2 V−1 s−1 could be observed at room-temperature when using diamond with reduced nitrogen (Ns0) impurity concentration. In addition, by electrostatically varying the carrier concentration, an upper limit for mobility is determined in the devices. The results are promising for enabling carbon–carbon (C-C) devices for room-temperature applications.