bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in the Western Himalayas (India) and Effects on Ecosystem Services
Authors: Mondal Partho Protim , Zhang Yili
Published: November 2018

Western Himalaya is an important region in terms of its enriched biodiversity and immense ecosystem services (ESS). However, its biodiversity and ESS are under tremendous pressure from rapid population growth, developmental activities, unplanned urbanization, agricultural expansion, climate change, and the associated changes in land use and land cover (LULC). This study provides a systematic review of the composition and pattern of LULC (from existing literature) and the effects of LULC change on various ESS provided by the western Himalayan ecosystems. Despite being such a significant area, data and studies concerning the impacts of LULC change on the spatial distribution of ESS, focused particularly on the western Himalayan region are inadequately reported. Most existing studies indicate a general decrease in forest cover and an increase in forest fragmentation along with generally increasing trends in built-up areas, croplands, and barren lands. These results imply ecosystem degradation and a reduction in the potential for the sustainable flow of ESS from this region. In this respect, this study suggests that quantification and spatial mapping of ESS in the western Himalayan region is conducted.
Effects of Cropland Conversion and Climate Change on Agrosystem Carbon Balance of China’s Dryland: A Typical Watershed Study
Authors: Li Chaofan , Han Qifei , Luo Geping , Zhao Chengyi , Li Shoubo , Wang Yuangang , Yu Dongsheng
Published: November 2018

Remarkable warm‒wet climate shifts and intensive cropland expansion strongly affected carbon (C) cycle and threaten agricultural sustainability in northwest China. In this study, we integrated a process-based ecosystem model and an empirical C bookkeeping model to investigate the coupled and isolated effects of arable land conversions and climate change (CLM) on regional C balance in a typical watershed of northwest China. Results revealed that the farmland area increased by 3367.31 km2 during 1979–2014. The combined effects of CLM with net cropland expansion enlarged the vegetation C (VEGC) and the soil organic C (SOC) stock by 2.83 and 11.83 Tg, respectively, and were strongest in 2008–2014. The conversions between desert grassland and cropland were the major driving forces for regional C balance. Cropland expansion shared equal effects on VEGC increase with CLM, but its effect on SOC increment was 53 times larger than CLM’s. VEGC was more responsive to CLM, whereas SOC gained more benefits from land management. The C sink from reclamation suffered from high water consumption and is facing great threats due to glaciers and mountain lake shrinking and groundwater overpumping. Water-saving irrigation techniques and environmentally friendly water use strategies are essential for local agricultural sustainability.
Identifying the Key Information and Land Management Plans for Water Conservation under Dry Weather Conditions in the Border Areas of the Syr Darya River in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yegemova Saltanat , Kumar Rajeev , Abuduwaili Jilili , Ma Long , Samat Alim , Issanova Gulnura , Ge Yongxiao , Kumar Vinod , Keshavarzi Ali , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús
Published: November 2018

Due to an increase in poorly planned anthropogenic activities, the water quality of several Asian big rivers is highly being affected. Although the assessment of heavy metal contents is vital to develop and design sustainable water management plans, several areas in Central Asia such as Kazakhstan do not have recent studies available that evaluate this situation. One representative example of this lack of information is the Syr Darya River. Thus, this study carried out the first approach to a water quality assessment in Kazakhstan’s Syr Darya River, where a massive expansion of irrigation canals, pastures in middle- and lower-reaches and an increase in industrialization and population have lowered its potential water capacity. To achieve this goal, various physicochemical parameters were analyzed for forty-three water samples along the river under dry weather conditions at 25 cm water depth. The obtained results were analyzed using standard methods (e.g., Multi N/C 2100 S analyzer or an atomic absorption spectrometer) and evaluated by multivariate techniques (cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NDMS)) and a heavy metal pollution index (HPI). In the CA, five cluster groups were obtained. It is important to remark that the first cluster consists of the highest number of water sampling points (8). The last cluster is made up of only one point, which shows the highest difference against the other sites in our model. The NDMS also confirmed that some specific points along the river are different. Five components were extracted from the PCA: (1) COD (chemical oxygen demand), Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Mn; (2) Cu, Cd, Ni and Co; (3) T (water temperature), pH and DO (dissolved oxygen); (4) T and Fe; and (5) COD and OC (organic carbon). The HPI showed very high values (279.9), which were locally confirmed in some hotspots close to the Aral Sea, industrialized areas and agricultural fields. Therefore, our results demonstrate that, under dry weather conditions, surface water resources could be mismanaged in the Syr Darya River in Kazakhstan in specific areas. For the future, considering the important role that agriculture and pasture play in the Kazakh economy, we insist upon the importance of applying water quality control measures applying nature-based solutions and efficient management plans. Moreover, we confirmed the necessity to conduct further research related to sampling under other weather situations such as wet and cold conditions, different river water depths and other locations considering specific land uses, for example, grazing, mining, railways or industries.
Filtrage magnétique des vitesses en microscopie électronique
Authors: Henry Lucien
Published: November 2018

La formation d'images à l'aide d'électrons dont l'énergie à la sortie de l'objet occupe une bande de position et de largeur choisies est obtenue grâce à un nouveau type de système dispersif composé d'un prisme magnétique et d'un miroir électrostatique. L'utilisation de cette méthode d'analyse et de filtrage des vitesses permet en particulier la comparaison des images filtrées obtenues à l'aide des électrons diffusés élastiquement avec celles que produisent les électrons qui ont subi une perte d'énergie à la traversée de l'objet. La cohérence du processus d'interaction des électrons avec la matière a pu être mis en évidence par l'observation de franges de diffraction de Fresnel dans le cas des images filtrées avec perte.
Stereodivergent approach in the protected glycal synthesis of L-vancosamine, L-saccharosamine, L-daunosamine and L-ristosamine involving a ring-closing metathesis step
Authors: Nocquet Pierre-Antoine , Macé Aurélie , Legros Frédéric , Lebreton Jacques , Dujardin Gilles , Collet Sylvain , Martel Arnaud , Carboni Bertrand , Carreaux François
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a new access to several chiral 3-aminoglycals as potential precursors for glycosylated natural products is reported from a common starting material, (−)-methyl-L-lactate. The stereodivergent strategy is based on the implementation of a ring-closing metathesis of vinyl ethers as key step of reaction sequences developed.
Genesis and Impulsive Evolution of the 2017 September 10 Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Veronig Astrid M. , Podladchikova Tatiana , Dissauer Karin , Temmer Manuela , B. Seaton Daniel , Long David , Guo Jingnan , Vršnak Bojan , Harra Louise , Kliem Bernhard
Published: November 2018

The X8.2 event of 2017 September 10 provides unique observations to study the genesis, magnetic morphology, and impulsive dynamics of a very fast coronal mass ejection (CME). Combining GOES-16/SUVI and SDO/AIA EUV imagery, we identify a hot (T ≈ 10–15 MK) bright rim around a quickly expanding cavity, embedded inside a much larger CME shell (T ≈ 1–2 MK). The CME shell develops from a dense set of large AR loops (≳0.5R

s
) and seamlessly evolves into the CME front observed in LASCO C2. The strong lateral overexpansion of the CME shell acts as a piston initiating the fast EUV wave. The hot cavity rim is demonstrated to be a manifestation of the dominantly poloidal flux and frozen-in plasma added to the rising flux rope by magnetic reconnection in the current sheet beneath. The same structure is later observed as the core of the white-light CME, challenging the traditional interpretation of the CME three-part morphology. The large amount of added magnetic flux suggested by these observations explains the extreme accelerations of the radial and lateral expansion of the CME shell and cavity, all reaching values of 5–10 km s−2. The acceleration peaks occur simultaneously with the first RHESSI 100–300 keV hard X-ray burst of the associated flare, further underlining the importance of the reconnection process for the impulsive CME evolution. Finally, the much higher radial propagation speed of the flux rope in relation to the CME shell causes a distinct deformation of the white-light CME front and shock.
Ionization-driven Depletion and Redistribution of CO in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Dodson-Robinson Sarah E. , Evans Neal J. , Ramos Alyssa , Yu Mo , Willacy Karen
Published: November 2018

Based on the interstellar CO/H2 ratio, carbon monoxide-based censuses of protoplanetary disks in Lupus, σ Orionis, and Chamaeleon I found no disks more massive than the minimum-mass solar nebula, which is inconsistent with the existence of exoplanets more massive than Jupiter. Observations and models are converging on the idea that ionization-driven chemistry depletes carbon monoxide in T-Tauri disks. Yet the extent of CO depletion depends on the incident flux of ionizing radiation, and some T-Tauri stars may have winds strong enough to shield their disks from cosmic rays. There is also a range of X-ray luminosities possible for a given stellar mass. Here we use a suite of chemical models, each with a different incident X-ray or cosmic-ray flux, to assess whether CO depletion is a typical outcome for T-Tauri disks. We find that CO dissociation in the outer disk is a robust result for realistic ionization rates, with abundance reductions between 70% and 99.99% over 2 Myr of evolution. Furthermore, after the initial dissociation epoch, the inner disk shows some recovery of the CO abundance from CO2 dissociation. In highly ionized disks, CO recovery in the inner disk combined with depletion in the outer disk creates a centrally peaked CO abundance distribution. The emitting area in rare CO isotopologues may be an indirect ionization indicator: in a cluster of disks with similar ages, those with the most compact CO isotopologue emission see the highest ionization rates.
Six new species and reports of Hydnum (Cantharellales) from eastern North America
Authors: Swenie Rachel A. , Baroni Timothy J. , Matheny P. Brandon
Published: November 2018

Five species of Hydnum have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: H.albidum, H.albomagnum, H.repandum and varieties, H.rufescens, and H.umbilicatum. Other unique North American species, such as H.caespitosum and H.washingtonianum, are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of Hydnum are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences. Based on current distribution results, sixteen of these species appear endemic to North America. Of these, six species are described as new: H.alboaurantiacum, H.cuspidatum, H.ferruginescens, H.subconnatum, H.subtilior, and H.vagabundum. Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes are provided for five additional species recently described as new from eastern North America. A new name, H.geminum, is proposed for H.caespitosum Banning ex Peck, non Valenti. Overall, species of Hydnum are best recognized by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic descriptions are provided for seventeen species, including epitype designations for H.albidum, H.albomagnum, and H.umbilicatum, taxa described more than 100 years ago, and molecular annotation of the isotype of H.washingtonianum. Photographs and a key to eastern North American Hydnum species are presented.
Enhancing Routine HIV Testing in Primary Care With a Continuing Education Intervention
Authors: Bagchi Ann D. , Karasin Mark
Published: November 2018

Since 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended routine HIV screening in primary care settings for people ages 13 to 64, regardless of individual risk factors. However, an extensive body of research has identified several barriers to primary care providers' (PCPs) adherence to the CDC recommendations. Employing a pre–postintervention design, this study provided an assessment of barriers among 11 PCPs and implemented an evidence-based continuing education program adapted to the specific individual barriers they identified. The study found that PCPs were initially providing HIV testing using risk-based criteria but that the continuing education program increased intentions to perform routine HIV testing (e.g., during annual wellness examinations and new patient visits). Results of the study inform individual quality improvement projects and legislative or policy actions to increase HIV screening in sites providing primary care. [
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(12):563–574.]
Job Satisfaction and Intent to Leave Among Dedicated Education Unit and Traditional Clinical Teachers
Authors: Auxier Nicole , Woodruff Larizza Limjuco
Published: November 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study is to form a better understanding of job satisfaction and retention of clinical teachers in the dedicated education unit (DEU) and in non-DEU clinical education models.

Method:

This follow-up study uses the tested Nurse Faculty Query survey to investigate job satisfaction and retention of the University of Portland area DEUs and non-DEU clinical teachers. Surveys were administered in person at local clinical sites.

Results:

Findings indicate overall high job satisfaction among DEU and non-DEU clinical teachers.

Conclusion:

Although not statistically significant, data trends indicated a need for improved communication between didactic faculty and clinical sites, as well as increased recognition and reward for clinical teachers in the DEU and non-DEU clinical sites. [
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(12):575–580.]
Factors Controlling Exokarst Morphology and Sediment Transport Through Caves: Comparison of Carbonate and Salt Karst
Authors: Bruthans Jiří , Zeman Ondřej
Published: November 2018

Zaradi velike topnosti NaCl se v solnem krasu lahko za stalno odlagajo v podzemlju velike količine sedimentov. Tam so posebne kraške oblike, kakršnih ni v karbonatnem krasu: veliki podzemeljski vršaji, notranje jame. Nasprotno pa se v karbonatnem krasu le majhen del sedimentov, ki jih prenaša alohtoni tok, za stalno odloži v jami, saj bi bila sicer jama kmalu zamašena (zaradi zelo slabe topnosti CaCO3 ). Na ozemlju Češke republike so bila z različnih vidikov preučevana tri kraška ozemlja z zelo dolgim razvojem in bistvenimi razlikami med površinskimi in podzemeljskimi oblikami. Avtorja menita, da je le ena bistvena razlika med Moravskim krasom in kraškimi ozemlji z razpršenim napajanjem (Češki in Chýnovski kras): v gostoti in smeri razpok, po katerih prenika kraška voda. Vse ostale razlike v površinskih in podzemeljskih kraških oblikah so nastale zaradi prvotnih razlik in njihovega vpliva na razvoj jam, posebej na prenos sedimentov in na stopnjaste oblike. Na ozemlju, kjer so le batifreatične in globokofreatične jame, se nikoli ne razvijejo slepe doline in druge navadne površinske kraške oblike zaradi zelo počasnega toka v kraških prevodnikih, kar onemogoča prenašanje sedimentov.In salt karst, very large amounts of sediment load could be permanently trapped underground, due to the high solubility of NaCl. Specific karst forms which have no equivalents in carbonate karst, occur there (huge underground alluvial fans, inlet caves). In a carbonate karst, on the other hand, only small portion of sediment carried by an allochthonous stream could be deposited permanently in the cave, otherwise the cave will become clogged (because of the very low solubility of CaCO3). Three carbonate karst areas with long-lasting development and fundamental differences in endokarst and exokarst forms were studied from many different aspects in the Czech Republic. The authors believe that there is only one primary difference between the Moravian Karst and diffuse recharge karst areas (Czech and Chùnov karsts): the frequency and orientation of fissures penetrable by groundwater. All other differences in exokarst and endokarst forms and hydrology are the results of primary difference and its influence on speleogenesis, especially on sediment transport and gradational features. In areas where only bathyphreatic and deep phreatic caves occur, blind valleys and common exokarst morphology never develop, due to the very low velocity of flow in karst conduits, which precludes transport of sediment load.
Tor as a module over an exterior algebra
Authors: Eisenbud David , Peeva Irena , Schreyer Frank-Olaf
Published: November 2018

Let

S

be a regular local ring with residue field

k

and let

M

be a finitely generated

S

-module. Suppose that

f_1,\dots ,f_c \in S

is a regular sequence that annihilates

M

, and let

E

be an exterior algebra over

k

generated by

c

elements. The homotopies for the

f_i

on a free resolution of

M

induce a natural structure of graded

E

-module on Tor

^{S}(M,k)

. In the case where

M

is a high syzygy over the complete intersection

R:=S/(f_1,\dots,f_c)

we describe this

E

-module structure in detail, including its minimal free resolution over

E

.

Turning to Ext

_R(M, k)

we show that, when

M

is a high syzygy over

R

, the minimal free resolution of Ext

_R(M, k)

as a module over the ring of CI operators is the Bernstein–Gel’fand–Gel’fand dual of the

E

-module Tor

^S(M, k)

.

For the proof we introduce
higher CI operators
, and give a construction of a (generally non-minimal) resolution of

M

over

S

starting from a resolution of

M

over

R

and its higher CI operators.
Las profesiones, las competencias y el mercado
Authors: Esteban Manuel , Sáez Juan
Published: November 2018

Existe una cierta inquietud en algunos profesores universitarios de que la formación promovida a través del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior se diseñe y se materialice orientándose hacia las empresas. Esta desazón es pertinente y hay que estar atento a ello, pero en este texto se argumenta contra el simplismo determinista que suele conectar, sobre el papel, formación y mercado de trabajo. Conexión directa y lineal al parecer libre de toda otra influencia y otro tipo de intervención pero en la que se soslaya la capacidad de los estudiantes, futuros profesionales, para incorporar los saberes a sus respectivas subjetividades y a utilizarlos en los espacios laborales de acuerdo con una serie de variables contingentes relacionadas con las futuras situaciones que devendrán para ellos. Estas páginas se dedican, de acuerdo con estos planteamientos, a dar cuenta organizada, de aquellas series de competencias que determinados profesionales, han identificado como las propias y fundamentales a la hora de laborar en sus escenarios laborales, instituciones de servicios y organizaciones comunitarias.
Radiological Neuro-BehçEt'S Associated with Bipolar Disorder: First Presentation of a Multisystem Disease
Authors: Hibberd O , Bhomra P , Ahmad A
Published: November 2018

Behçet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the orogenital mucosa, eyes, joints, blood vessels, nervous system and intestines. The prevalence of neurological involvement varies geographically and can include psychiatric manifestations. Current evidence for a causal association between Behçet's disease and bipolar disorder is limited to a small number of case reports.

We report a case of a patient with a recent diagnosis of bipolar disorder who was subsequently diagnosed with Behçet's disease. The 38-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of right eye visual blurring, 5-month history of mouth ulcers and 3 months of genital ulceration. His inflammatory markers were raised. An MRI of the brain was conducted in the absence of any focal neurological signs or symptoms owing to his past psychiatric history. The MRI showed changes in the medial aspect of the right temporal lobe highly suspicious of neuro-Behçet's disease. His inpatient care was coordinated with neurology, rheumatology, ophthalmology and psychiatry teams, and he was later discharged with outpatient follow up owing to a clinical improvement on high-dose steroids.

This case shows that, although widely unrecognised, neuro-Behçet's can occur in the absence of focal neurology. Additionally, neuro-Behçet's should be considered in patients with bipolar disorder presenting with symptoms suggestive of Behçet's disease. The case emphasises how patients presenting with ulceration, mood disorder and visual changes should not have these symptoms considered in isolation and multisystem disease should be considered. Furthermore, the coordinated multidisciplinary approach required for the care of patients with Behçet's disease is demonstrated.
Cruciate Bibrachial Diplegia Due to An Acutely Trapped Fourth Ventricle
Authors: Maramattom BV , Joseph S
Published: November 2018

A 20-year-old female presented to us with bibrachial diplegia and dysarthria. She had an earlier history of craniosynostosis, multiple cranial surgeries and recent meningitis followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Her symptoms started with a cruciate paralysis followed by rapid descending quadriparesis. Imaging revealed a trapped fourth ventricle as the cause of her descending paralysis.
Avaliação do Índice de Estado Trófico como ferramenta para monitoramento de atividades aquícolas em reservatórios continentais
Authors: Pinho Emílio Sousa , Rosanova Clauber , Matos Flávia Tavares , Honda Rubens Tomio , Bueno Guilherme Wolff , Akama Alberto
Published: November 2018

A aquicultura é a atividade que mais cresce entre os setores de produção de alimentos, porém, se executada inadequadamente, pode causar a deterioração da qualidade da água. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) como ferramenta de monitoramento de atividades aquícolas, especificamente do Parque Aquícola Sucupira, área de cultivo de peixes em tanques-rede no reservatório do Lajeado em Palmas/TO. O monitoramento foi realizado entre janeiro e agosto de 2017, envolvendo a coleta de amostras para análises dos parâmetros de fósforo total e clorofila-a. Paralelamente, houve coleta de dados de temperatura, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos. As variáveis limnológicas (temperatura, condutividade, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos), com exceção do fósforo total, apesar das pequenas variações de oxigênio e sólidos totais, estão de acordo com as recomendações da Resolução CONAMA 357/05. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que a área aquícola apresentou predominância de estado trófico supereutrófico e que o estado trófico do reservatório nas proximidades dos tanques-rede sofre forte influência externa de atividades antrópicas, principalmente no período chuvoso. No período da seca, por não haver a diluição de nutrientes devido à escassez de chuvas, ocorre aumento na concentração de fósforo na água, levando a um estado hipereutrófico. O resultado se deve ao fato de o lago apresentar naturalmente altos índices de fósforo, portanto, não é possível afirmar que a aquicultura seja uma atividade impactante, sendo necessária a adoção de um programa de monitoramento com uma malha amostral mais abrangente em futuros estudos.
Conservation status of Astyanax biotae (Characiformes: Characidae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Authors: Vilela Maria José Alencar , Severo-Neto Francisco , Carvalho Fernando Rogério
Published: November 2018

Astyanax biotae é uma espécie originalmente descrita em um afluente do Rio Paranapanema, bacia do alto Paraná. Durante amostragens realizadas em drenagens dos rios Ivinhema e Verde, no sistema do alto Paraná, em Mato Grosso do Sul, exemplares de A. biotae foram coletados em cabeceiras de pequenos riachos e em lagoas de várzea, tanto em Unidades de Conservação como em áreas de agricultura intensiva. Os dados morfomerísticos de 20 indivíduos analisados foram similares aos da série-tipo. Exemplares testemunhos estão depositados nas coleções ictiológicas da UFMS (ZUFMS), UEMS (CPUEMS) e UNESP (DZSJRP). Com base nos critérios da IUCN, sugerimos sua classificação como Menos Preocupante (LC) no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, considerando principalmente a inexistência de ameaças efetivas em duas das áreas de ocorrência da espécie, situadas dentro de Unidades de Conservação. No entanto, reforçamos a urgência em medidas para a proteção das regiões de cabeceiras de riachos, a fim de evitar o aumento do desmatamento, assoreamento e poluição agrícola, problemas recorrentes no Cerrado, que comprometem severamente a manutenção desses hábitats e suas espécies. É necessário investir em estudos sobre a biologia da espécie e ampliar as amostragens, buscando diminuir os vazios amostrais ainda existentes nas drenagens estaduais.
Os Estados Unidos e as negociações sobre a criação do posto de Alto Comissário para Direitos Humanos da ONU
Authors: Hernandez Matheus Carvalho
Published: November 2018

A literatura sobre direitos humanos normalmente credita às mobilizações das ONGs lideradas pela Anistia Internacional a aprovação consensual, em 1993, da criação do posto de Alto Comissário para Direitos Humanos da ONU, o principal responsável por direitos humanos dentro da ONU. Contudo, há outro importante ponto a ser considerado para compreender essa aprovação: a mudança de posição dos EUA em relação à pauta. Durante a Guerra Fria, os EUA eram apenas discretos apoiadores da proposta em razão da priorização dos cálculos geopolíticos do período. Terminada a Guerra Fria, a sistemática oposição da URSS à criação do posto desapareceu. Assim, a administração Clinton, que pretendia se mostrar como a principal responsável por uma mudança positiva na política externa de direitos humanos do país em comparação à antecessora H. Bush, tornou-se a principal apoiadora da criação do posto de Alto Comissário para Direitos Humanos da ONU. O objetivo deste artigo não é negar a relevância das mobilizações das ONGs em 1993, mas apenas evidenciar como aquele contexto histórico criou as condições para que os EUA pragmaticamente assumissem a liderança da proposta.
Perceptions africaines du Brésil: le spectre du passé
Authors: Oloukpona-Yinnon Adjai Paulin
Published: November 2018

O último romance de Kangni Alem, As crianças do Brasil, trata dosaspectos esquecidos do tráfico de escravos entre a África e o Brasil. O livroapresenta uma espécie de pesquisa arqueológica no mundo Atlântico, com ofito de desvelar um conhecimento sobre a tragédia do tráfico de escravos. Oautor recorre à metáfora de navios destruídos para forjar sua própria incursãoartística pelas memórias da escravidão. Combinando a exploração científica e artística, ele se refere essencialmente a situações contemporâneas no Brasile no Togo, atualizando a representação da memória escrava e mostrandonovas maneiras de escrever sobre seus impactos na vida cotidiana emÁfrica. Ao analisar esse romance de Kangni Alem, procuro mostrar que nãoé apenas uma empresa discursiva. O autor faz uso de palavras e metáforaspara compreender uma realidade muito específica da história e da sociedadetogolesas. Para desconstruir sua mensagem, parece apropriado usar umaabordagem metodológica relevante como a arqueológica de Michel Foucault.Isso permite fazer uma leitura do discurso sobre o Brasil de Kangni Alem comoum discurso sobre a África.
Le football au Togo a l’époque coloniale : un exemple d’appropriation des valeurs occidentales (1914-1960)
Authors: Kouzan Komlan
Published: November 2018

Em 1972, a seleção do Togo participou da sua primeira Copa Africana de Nações, realizada nos Camarões. Este evento pode ser visto como uma apropriação antecipada do esporte inventado pelos britânicos que o introduziram em suas possessões coloniais na África. A partir de 1860, das colônias da Costa do Ouro e da Nigéria, o futebol se espalhou para outras colônias em África, especialmente no Togo após a Primeira Guerra Mundial. A introdução dessa prática esportiva entre os africanos foi possível graças aos administradores, militares e missionários. Por volta de 1930, o profissionalismo nas principais nações de futebol (Inglaterra, França, Itália, Espanha, Brasil, Argentina ou Uruguai) e a Copa do Mundo incentivaram a ascensão do futebol e favoreceram a sua apropriação entre os togoleses. O apoio dos administradores, dos comerciantes europeus e libaneses, bem como a adoção desta prática pelos togoleses, contribuiu para a sua popularização. Até 1959, jogadores togoleses de várias origens étnicas participaram notavelmente em muitas competições internacionais através de vários clubes. Em 1960, foi criada a federação nacional de futebol que reagrupou 50 clubes. Cabe perguntar como se deu a apropriação dos valores ocidentais por meio do futebol? Esta é a principal questão deste estudo, que visa encontrar as origens do futebol no Togo, para mostrar como se desenvolveu e como os togoleses se apropriaram desses valores.
Da tradução de “Uma revolução conservadora na edição”, de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Salgado Luciana Salazar , Muniz Jr José De Souza
Published: November 2018

Esta tradução do artigo “Une révolution conservatrice dans l’édition”, de Pierre Bourdieu, requer alguns esclarecimentos.
Consagração universitária, capitais simbólicos e cargos financeiros: o estudo do perfil dos engenheiros de produção na Universidade Politécnica de São Paulo
Authors: Martins Thais Joi , Donadone Julio Cesar
Published: November 2018

O objetivo central deste artigo é o de dar destaque à análise dos capitais simbólicos (em específico o cultural), gostos e estilos de vida dos engenheiros de produção (egressos) da Universidade Politécnica de São Paulo (USP). Apreciaremos neste artigo, por meio da metodologia qualitativa e consequente uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas, a proposição de que os marcadores simbólicos encaminham esses engenheiros (gestores) para cargos no mundo das finanças, tais quais, as consultorias financeiras e o mercado financeiro. Podemos constatar que existem homologias no que diz respeito aos marcadores simbólicos citados e a ocupação desses profissionais nesses últimos cargos de destaque. Para além da constatação anterior, cabe mencionar que esses arautos das finanças são justamente os novos agentes que estão intermediando e alimentando dinâmicas e jogos de poder dentro do atual capitalismo financeiro.
Políticas de Juventude e capacidades estatais no Brasil
Authors: Santos Priscilla Ribeiro dos
Published: November 2018

Este artigo analisa as capacidades do Estado brasileiro na gestão da Política de Juventude. Tendo como referência a literatura sobre capacidades estatais, foi empreendida pesquisa de natureza qualitativa com base na análise documental. Verificou-se que a combinação de fatores como institucionalização recente e frágil coordenação interinstitucional explicam as dificuldades de gestão e o fraco desempenho da Política Nacional de Juventude no período de 2003 a 2014. Por outro lado, a criação de processos participativos, tais como conselho e conferências nacionais, rompeu com a histórica invisibilização do público jovem, contribuindo para o reconhecimento e a inclusão da juventude nas esferas institucionais.
Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults – the first step when approaching a patient with muscle weakness
Authors: Szczęsny Piotr , Świerkocka Katarzyna , Olesińska Marzena
Published: November 2018

Despite its misleading adjective, the most commonly used diagnostic criteria of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are applicable only after all other non-autoimmune muscle diseases have been excluded. It makes differential diagnosis the first step when approaching a patient with muscle weakness. This article is designed to list the most common conditions from which to differentiate in rheumatological care. In fact, many patients with the diseases described here have been initially misdiagnosed with IIM. For the purpose of this article, only the most commonly found and important conditions according to the authors are listed with the essence of information; other autoimmune muscle diseases, such as sarcoidosis and eosinophilic myositis, are not portrayed. The attached bibliography may serve as a source, when further exploration of a specific subject is needed.
A proxy for atmospheric daytime gaseous sulfuric acid
concentration in urban Beijing
Authors: Lu Yiqun , Yan Chao , Fu Yueyun , Chen Yan , Liu Yiliang , Yang Gan , Wang Yuwei , Bianchi Federico , Chu Biwu , Zhou Ying , Yin Rujing , Baalbaki Rima , Garmash Olga , Deng Chenjuan , Wang Weigang , Liu Yongchun , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Jiang Jingkun , Kulmala Markku , Wang Lin
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Gaseous sulfuric acid is known as one of the key precursors for atmospheric new particle formation processes, but its measurement remains a major challenge. A proxy method that is able to derive gaseous sulfuric acid concentrations from parameters that can be measured relatively easily and accurately is therefore highly desirable among the atmospheric chemistry community. Although such methods are available for clean atmospheric environments, a proxy that works well in a polluted atmosphere, such as those in Chinese megacities, is yet to be developed. In this study, the gaseous sulfuric acid concentration was measured in February–March, 2018, in urban Beijing by a nitrate based – Long Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (LToF-CIMS). A number of atmospheric parameters were recorded concurrently including the ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) intensity, concentrations of O3, NOx, SO2 and HONO, and aerosol particle number size distributions. A proxy for atmospheric daytime gaseous sulfuric acid concentration was derived using a statistical analysis method by using the UVB intensity, [SO2], condensation sink (CS), [O3], and [HONO] (or [NOx]) as the predictor variables. In this proxy method, we considered the formation of gaseous sulfuric acid from reactions of SO2 and OH radicals during the daytime, and loss of gaseous sulfuric acid due to its condensation onto the pre-existing particles. In addition, we explored formation of OH radicals from the conventional gas-phase photochemistry using ozone as a proxy and from the photolysis of heterogeneously-formed HONO using HONO (and subsequently NOx) as a proxy. Our results showed that the UVB intensity and [SO2] are dominant factors for the production of gaseous sulfuric acid, and that the simplest proxy could be constructed with the UVB intensity and [SO2] alone, resulting in up to 29 % relative deviations when sulfuric acid concentrations were larger than 2.0 × 106 molecules cm−3. When the OH radical production from both homogenously- and heterogeneously-formed precursors were considered, the relative deviations were lower than 24 %.
Negligible influence of livestock contaminants and sampling system on ammonia measurements with cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Kamp Jesper Nørlem , Chowdhury Albarune , Adamsen Anders Peter S. , Feilberg Anders
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Pollution from ammonia (NH3) is a widespread problem due to the effects on the environment and human health. The agricultural sector accounts for nearly all NH3 emissions in Europe; thus, focus has especially been on NH3 emissions from this sector in recent years. We need abatement techniques to reduce NH3 emissions, and in order to evaluate the techniques, there is a strong need for reliable NH3 measurement methods. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is often used to measure NH3 concentrations, but recent discoveries show interference from compounds typically present in livestock production and during agricultural activities. We tested the performance of the Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) from Picarro for filter effects and laboratory and field calibrations with standard gasses. Furthermore, concentrations of ten volatile organic compounds (VOCs) where determined by Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) to test the potential interference of these VOCs. Both laboratory and field calibrations show excellent linearity over a large dynamic range of NH3 concentrations. The analyzer shows a small humidity effect of up to a few ppb in the extreme case of a nearly water saturated air stream. Besides, from the negligible humidity dependence, there is no interference from the tested VOCs. Overall, the system performs well with only negligible influences from other compounds.
Integrating multimedia models to assess nitrogen losses from the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Yuan Yongping , Wang Ruoyu , Cooter Ellen , Ran Limei , Daggupati Prasad , Yang Dongmei , Srinivasan Raghavan , Jalowska Anna
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This study describes and implements an integrated, multimedia,
process-based system-level approach to estimating nitrogen (N) fate and
transport in large river basins. The modeling system includes the following
components: (1) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), (2) Weather Research
and Forecasting Model (WRF), (3) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate
(EPIC), and (4) Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The previously developed
Fertilizer Emission Scenario Tool for CMAQ (FEST-C), an advanced user
interface, integrated EPIC with the WRF model and CMAQ. The FEST-C system,
driven by process-based WRF weather simulations, includes atmospheric N
additions to agricultural cropland and agricultural cropland contributions
to ammonia emissions. This study focuses on integrating the watershed
hydrology and water quality model with FEST-C system so that a full
multimedia assessment on water quality in large river basins to address
impacts of fertilization, meteorology, and atmospheric N deposition on water
quality can be achieved. Objectives of this paper are to describe how to
expand the previous effort by integrating the SWAT model with the FEST-C
(CMAQ/WRF/EPIC) modeling system, as well as to demonstrate application of the
Integrated Modeling System (IMS) to the Mississippi River basin (MRB) to
simulate streamflow and dissolved N loadings to the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). IMS
simulation results generally agree with US Geological Survey (USGS) observations/estimations; the
annual simulated streamflow is 218.9 mm and USGS observation is 211.1 mm
and the annual simulated dissolved N is 2.1 kg ha−1 and the USGS estimation is 2.8 kg ha−1. Integrating SWAT
with the CMAQ/WRF/EPIC modeling system allows for its use within large river
basins without losing EPIC's more detailed biogeochemistry processes, which
will strengthen the assessment of impacts of future climate scenarios, regulatory
and voluntary programs for N oxide air emissions, and land use and land
management on N transport and transformation in large river basins.
How does initial soil moisture influence the hydrological response? A case study from southern France
Authors: Uber Magdalena , Vandervaere Jean-Pierre , Zin Isabella , Braud Isabelle , Heistermann Maik , Legoût Cédric , Molinié Gilles , Nord Guillaume
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Cévennes–Vivarais region in southern France is prone to heavy rainfall
that can lead to flash floods which are one of the most hazardous natural
risks in Europe. The results of numerous studies show that besides rainfall
and physical catchment characteristics the catchment's initial soil moisture
also impacts the hydrological response to rain events. The aim of this paper
is to analyze the relationship between catchment mean initial soil moisture
θ̃ini and the hydrological response that is
quantified using the event-based runoff coefficient ϕev in
the two nested catchments of the Gazel (3.4 km2) and the Claduègne
(43 km2). Thus, the objectives are twofold: (1) obtaining meaningful
estimates of soil moisture at catchment scale from a dense network of in situ
measurements and (2) using this estimate of θ̃ini
to analyze its relation with ϕev calculated for many runoff
events. A sampling setup including 45 permanently installed frequency domain
reflectancy probes that continuously measure soil moisture at three depths is
applied. Additionally, on-alert surface measurements at ≈10 locations in each one of 11 plots are conducted. Thus, catchment mean
soil moisture can be confidently assessed with a standard error of the mean
of ≤1.7 vol % over a wide range of soil moisture conditions. The ϕev is calculated from high-resolution discharge and
precipitation data for several rain events with a cumulative precipitation
Pcum ranging from less than 5 mm to more than 80 mm. Because of the high
uncertainty of ϕev associated with the hydrograph separation
method, ϕev is calculated with several methods, including
graphical methods, digital filters and a tracer-based method. The results
indicate that the hydrological response depends on θ̃ini: during dry conditions ϕev is consistently
below 0.1, even for events with high and intense precipitation. Above a
threshold of θ̃ini=34 vol % ϕev can reach values up to 0.99 but there is a high scatter. Some
variability can be explained with a weak correlation of ϕev with
Pcum and rain intensity, but a considerable part of the variability
remains unexplained. It is concluded that threshold-based methods can be helpful to prevent
overestimation of the hydrological response during dry catchment conditions.
The impact of soil moisture on the hydrological response during wet
catchment conditions, however, is still insufficiently understood and cannot
be generalized based on the present results.
La estética apresurada de ‘El Debate’ preherreriano 1910-1911: Un estudio sobre la gráfica del diario católico antes de la llegada de Ángel Herrera
Authors: Puebla Martínez Belén , González Díez Laura , Pérez Cuadrado Pedro
Published: November 2018

A principios del siglo xx la prensa española comenzaba un periodo de crecimiento exponencial al que le conducían muy diversas razones, desde el desastre colonial de 1898 hasta factores tecnológicos y políticos que, si en primera instancia no tuvieron una relación directa con la venta de periódicos, acabarían siendo definitivos. Con todo, la aventura de sacar un nuevo diario a la calle no era una empresa fácil, y menos para una publicación católica. Este trabajo estudia el lanzamiento del diario El Debate, en 1910 y realiza un análisis centrado en sus imágenes y su aspecto gráfico durante los 13 primeros meses, para demostrar las dificultades económicas por las que pasó y el protagonismo de un dibujante granadino, Adrián Almoguera, en el aspecto del diario.
Multimodal Construal of Attitude in the Online City Guide of Guangzhou
Authors: Yao Yinyan , Zhao Manxu
Published: November 2018

This study conducts a social semiotic analysis of the online city guide of Guangzhou. Drawing on Martin’s Appraisal theory with a particular focus on the semantic systems of attitude and graduation, this paper investigates the attitudinal meanings adjusted by graduation in both modes of language and visual images. It is revealed that positive appreciation resources are dominant among the three subsystems of attitude, with the pervasive use of reaction and valuation resources to stimulate tourist desires and promote unique identity of the city. Graduation resources, especially force, couple with attitude resources to upscale the positivity of the attitude and strongly align the readers into the same value position. The language and images in most cases coordinate with each other, with the evaluative meanings of visual images elaborating or extending those of verbal texts, whereas complementary intermodal relation exists in some cases, with the evaluative meanings conveyed by visual images and the verbal texts merely offering factual information. The findings may help to better understand the way online city guides achieve the communicative purposes through multimodal evaluative devices.
Exploring Saudi EFL Learners’ Agency Toward the Use of WhatsApp for English Learning at Qassim University
Authors: Alqasham Fahd H.
Published: November 2018

This study investigates a Saudi tertiary EFL (English as a foreign language) students’ experiences and use trajectory of WhatsApp for their out of class English learning in a longitudinal study for a 12-week semester. The study utilized agency theory (van Lier, 2004, 2008, 2010) as the analytical tool to acquire a deeper understanding of how the students’ use of WhatsApp could introduce innovative ways that could assist them to practice and collaborate in English learning outside the classroom. A mixed methods approach was adopted for data collection and included six instruments consisting of initial and post-project interviews, focus group participation, a post-project questionnaire, observations, and research log to gather data from the students’ use of WhatsApp. The participants were 25 male students who are studying in the first and second levels of the Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at the main campus of Qassim University. The study results showed that WhatsApp’s implementation demonstrated its sustainability outside the classroom for English learning as evident by the students’ continued use of WhatsApp even after the study ended by the 12th week; in fact, they continued to use it until the end of the semester (week 17). The affordances of WhatsApp allowed the students to develop autonomy, to practice what they were learning, to collaborate with each other, and to shift from being passive learners to active ones, not only in English studies but in other subjects as well. Finally, this study concludes by demonstrating the significance of interpreting the dynamic and complex nature of the innovation’s implementation process through the lens of van Lier’s agency theory from an ecological perspective. It also identifies the limitations of the study and recommends ways in which researchers could investigate the advantages of social networking in the language classroom.
Endings: Concluding, Archiving, and Preserving Digital Projects for Long-Term Usability
Authors: Carlin Claire
Published: November 2018

This report describes some of the practical solutions to the challenges of long-term digital preservation being developed by the project Endings: Concluding, Archiving, and Preserving Digital Projects for Long-Term Usability at the University of Victoria.