bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Selenium and Mercury Levels in Breast Tissue of Malignant and Healthy Female Patients in Pakistan: Implications for Breast Cancer Screening and Treatment
Authors: Unar Ahsanullah , Fouad Dalia , Ataya Farid S. , Alsawalha Laila , Chanihoon Ghulam Qadir , Bashir Muhammad Sohail
Published: November 2023

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause numerous health issues, including immune and endocrine system disruption, respiratory problems, metabolic issues, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular problems, growth impairment, neurological and learning disabilities, and cancers such as breast cancer. In Pakistan, breast cancer is prevalent, with approximately 1,000 new cases annually, and 40,000 women are affected due to untreated cases. This study aimed to detect essential traces of selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) in biological samples (scalp hair and blood) from female patients with breast cancer in Pakistan. This study found that patients with different types of breast cancer had lower Se levels in scalp hair and blood samples and higher Hg levels than healthy participants (p < 0.003). The study also found that malignant neoplasms were more common in dense breasts than in non-dense breasts. This study suggests that the balance between carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects is critical in determining the severity of breast cancer and that human carcinogenic effects are significant. Hematological markers play a crucial role in determining disease severity, and the results of this study will be beneficial for treating female patients with breast cancer and improving their quality of life.
Development and validation of a scale to measure hypertensive Chinese individual’s behavior toward salt reduction consumption
Authors: han le , liu ying
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate the Salt Reduction Behavior Scale (SRBS) to measure the behavior of hypertensive Chinese individuals in adhering to salt reduction practices.
Methods: The SRBS was constructed based on the Health Belief Model, consisting of five constructs: knowledge, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. Data were collected from 2,082 hypertensive patients in Beijing, China, who completed a questionnaire administered through an online platform. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was used to assess the adequacy of the sample and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity to examine the factorability of the dataset. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the structural validity and reliability of the SRBS.
Results: The KMO analysis yielded a notably elevated value of 0.95, indicating that the data was highly suitable for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Bartlett's test of sphericity yielded a statistically significant test statistic (P < 0.001). The 32-item SRB questionnaire demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.923. A second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that, after removing the unrelated construct of barriers, SRB could be represented by four sub-constructs: knowledge, severity, benefits, and action. The final version of the SRBS consists of 21 items. These items displayed high factor loadings, indicating a strong relationship between the items and their respective sub-constructs. The discriminant validity analysis revealed that the SRBS sub-constructs were distinct from each other. The SRBS scores were positively correlated with self-reported salt reduction practices. This demonstrates that individuals with higher SRBS scores were more likely to engage in actual salt reduction behaviors, indicating concurrent validity.
Conclusion: The results illustrate that the Salt Reduction Behavior Scale is a robust and comprehensive instrument for assessing salt reduction behavior among hypertensive Chinese individuals. The scale's specific sub-constructs provide a detailed understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to salt consumption. Healthcare professionals and policymakers can utilize this tool to tailor interventions and educational programs to encourage healthier dietary habits, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in China.
Effect of different sources of nitrogen on the growth and yield of Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.)
Authors: yadav Pankaj Kumar , Singh Pashupati , bhujel Prabina , Shrivastava Arvind , Shrestha Samir
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted to find the effect of different sources of nitrogen on the growth and yield of spinach. This experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with ten treatments and three replicationsin a variety, Patane Palungo. The treatments consist of control, 100% N through FYM, vermicompost, and poultry manure, 50% N through urea with 50% N through FYM, vermicompost, and poultry manure, and 75% N through urea with 25% N through FYM, vermicompost, and poultry manure. The data analysis was done using R Studio. The result showed the application of 50% N through urea with 50% N through vermicompost, 50% N through urea with 50% N through poultry manure, and 100% N through poultry manure showed statistically similar yields to the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. In the first harvesting, the highest yield was obtained in T10 (14.80 ton/ha) which was statistically similar to T6 (50% N through urea + 50% N through vermicompost) (12.85ton/ha). In second harvesting the highest yield was obtained in T7 (20.90ton/ha) which was statistically similar with T10 (16.70ton/ha) and T6 (11.251ton/ha). This result showed that in leafy vegetables which are consumed as fresh vegetable, locally available nitrogenous fertilizer or their combination with small 25- 50% chemical fertilizers could be utilized to achieve the same or higher yield. The choice of nitrogen source insights into sustainable agricultural practices, promoting eco-friendly nutrient management, improving crop yield and quality, and ultimately contributing to the overall food security.
Performance analysis of microwave photonic transversal filter signal processors based on microcombs for different signal waveforms
Authors: Moss David
Published: November 2023

Microwave photonic (MWP) signal processors, which process microwave signals based on photonic technologies, bring advantages intrinsic to photonics such as low loss, large processing bandwidth, and strong immunity to electromagnetic interference. Optical microcombs can offer a large number of wavelength channels and compact device footprints, which make them powerful multi-wavelength sources for MWP signal processors to realize a variety of processing functions. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the capability of microcomb-based MWP signal processors to handle diverse input signal waveforms. In addition, we quantify the processing accuracy for different input signal waveforms, including Gaussian, triangle, parabolic, super Gaussian, and nearly square waveforms. Finally, we analyze the factors contributing to the difference in the processing accuracy among the different input waveforms, and our theoretical analysis well elucidates the experimental results. These results provide a guidance for microcomb-based MWP signal processors when processing microwave signals of various waveforms.
PS1/gamma-secretase acts as rogue chaperone of glutamate transporter EAAT2/GLT-1 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Perrin Florian , Anderson Lauren C. , Mitchell Shane P.C. , Sinha Priyanka , Turchyna Yuliia , Maesako Masato , Houser Mei C.Q. , Zhang Can , Wagner Steven L. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Berezovska Oksana
Published: November 2023

The recently discovered interaction between presenilin 1 (PS1), a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase responsible for the generation of amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides, and GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain (EAAT2 in the human) may provide a mechanistic link between two important pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD): abnormal Aβoccurrence and neuronal network hyperactivity. In the current study, we employed a FRET-based approach, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), to characterize the PS1/GLT-1 interaction in its native environment in the brain tissue of sporadic AD (sAD) patients. There was significantly less interaction between PS1 and GLT-1 in sAD brains, compared to tissue from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), or non-demented age-matched controls. Since PS1 has been shown to adopt pathogenic “closed” conformation in sAD but not in FTLD, we assessed the impact of changes in PS1 conformation on the interaction. Familial AD (fAD) PS1 mutations which induce a “closed” PS1 conformation similar to that in sAD brain and gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) which induce a “relaxed” conformation, reduced and increased the interaction, respectively. This indicates that PS1 conformation seems to have a direct effect on the interaction with GLT-1. Furthermore, using biotinylation/streptavidin pull-down, western blotting, and cycloheximide chase assays, we determined that the presence of PS1 increased GLT-1 cell surface expression and GLT-1 homomultimer formation, but did not impact GLT-1 protein stability. Together, the current findings suggest that the newly described PS1/GLT-1 interaction endows PS1 with chaperone activity, modulating GLT-1 transport to the cell surface and stabilizing the dimeric-trimeric states of the protein. The diminished PS1/GLT-1 interaction suggests that these functions of the interaction may not work properly in AD.
The impact of Parental Depression on Adolescent Children's Psychological Well- being and Health Behaviors
Authors: Kim Sung-In , Kim Sung Min , Park Sun Jae , Song Jihun , Lee Jaewon , Kim Kyae Hyung , Park Sang Min
Published: November 2023

Background
Parental depression is a significant problem that negatively affects parents’ welfare and influences family dynamics, children's academic and health behaviors, and mental health. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of the parental depression into the children’s’ psychological and physical wellbeing on Asian cultures. This study examined the psychological burdens and health behaviors of adolescent children with parents with depression in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) spanning 2013 to 2021 to compare health behaviors and mental health outcomes between 203 adolescent children with parents diagnosed with depression and 3,856 control adolescents aged 12–19 years.
Results
Following multivariate adjustments, the risk of depressive mood for more than two weeks was significantly increased in boys with parental depression (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.91–3.52) and adolescents with parents with moderate-to-severe depression (aOR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.17–5.77). Adolescents with parental depression reported significantly worse subjective health status (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.05–3.36) and higher stress levels (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.33–2.76). Additionally, when parental depression was present and the time since depression diagnosis was more than five years, adolescents with parental depression exhibited even poorer subjective health status and higher stress levels.
Conclusions
The study found that adolescents whose parents experienced depression had poorer mental health than those whose parents did not have mental health issues. These findings emphasize the importance of providing support for the mental health of adolescents in families affected by parental depression.
Bacillus species consortium with tryptophan-dependent and -independent pathways mediated IAA production modulates soil biological properties, growth and yield of wheat
Authors: SHARMA SUSHIL KUMAR , Goud Merugu Shashank , Kharbikar Lalit Laxman , Prasanna Radha , Sangwan Seema , Dahuja Anil , Dixit Anil
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:
Operation of both tryptophan-dependent and -independent pathways leading to higher IAA production by certain bacteria is known to beneficially influence plant growth and development. This study aimed to detect the operation of different pathways in bacteria for IAA production and evaluate the PGP (plant growth promoting) potential of the best IAA-producing bacteria in wheat crop.
Methods
The bacteria isolated from chickpea rhizosphere were screened for IAA production through tryptophan-dependent and independent pathways. The prominent IAA producing bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated for their growth promoting, soil and plant nutrient enriching potential in wheat crop (cv. Sujata).
Results
Out of the 80 bacteria screened, three isolates, KS-14, BEMS-9-1 and BS-2 were found to produce high levels of IAA by operating both the pathways. These isolates were identified as Brevibacillus formosus, Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus tequilensis, respectively. Evaluation of various combinations of these promising bacteria showed that the consortium of Brevibacillus formosus KS-14 and Bacillus paramycoides BEMS-9-1 along with a 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) not only significantly improved the morphological and physiological traits of wheat including yield and grain micronutrient loading, mediated through enhanced soil biological activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of tryptophan–independent pathway for IAA production in the three bacilli.
Conclusion
This study is a novel approach towards utilizing the bacteria producing IAA through tryptophan-dependent and -independent pathways for their promise as biostimulants in wheat.
Endometriosis leading to frequent emergency department visits – women’s experiences and perspectives
Authors: Emanuel Christine Roman , Holter Herborg , Hansson Ida Nygren , Forslund Maria
Published: November 2023

Background
Endometriosis is a common condition affecting 1–10% of all women. The condition is highly associated with pain. Most women with endometriosis are treated as elective outpatients, but these patients sometimes need to visit the emergency department.
Aim
The aim of this study was to increase knowledge about women with endometriosis repeatedly visiting the gynaecological emergency department (GED), to investigate patient experiences and expectations, and to explore unmet needs necessitating GED visits.
Method
Semi structured interviews were conducted with ten patients diagnosed with endometriosis who visited the GED at a tertiary university hospital four or more times within a 12-month period. Data were analysed by thematic content analysis.
Result
‘Pain’ was identified as the master theme, which embodied the women’s overall experience, grouped into two main themes: ‘Living with endometriosis’ and ‘What patients need when seeking help at the GED,’ with six underlying themes. Several women described their visit to the GED as a ‘lottery,’ as they never knew what kind of treatment they would receive. Being listened to was most important for the women. Individualized care plans did not exist for most of the women in this study, although they repeatedly needed to visit the GED.
Conclusion
The women’s primary cause for seeking GED care was acute and unmanageable pain. A common feeling among the women was insecurity before the GED visit. To decrease this insecurity regarding assessment and treatment, a care plan for women is warranted. Our findings support the need for person-centered care and contribute to the limited research about women suffering from endometriosis and their experiences with GED.
Allelic variation in the autotetraploid potato: genes involved in starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid metabolism as a case study
Authors: Li Hongbo , Brouwer Matthijs , Pup Elena Del , Lieshout Natascha van , Finkers Richard , Bachem Christian W. B. , Visser Richard G. F.
Published: November 2023

Background
Tuber starch and steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA)-related traits have been consistently prioritized in potato breeding, while allelic variation pattern of genes that underlie these traits is less explored.
Results
Here, we focused on the genes involved in two important metabolic pathways in the potato: starch metabolism and SGA biosynthesis. We identified 119 genes consisting of 81 involved in starch metabolism and 38 in the biosynthesis of steroidal glycoalkaloids, and discovered 96,166 allelic variants among 2,169 gene haplotypes in six autotetraploid potato genomes. Comparative analyses revealed an uneven distribution of allelic variants among gene haplotypes and that the vast majority of deleterious mutations in these genes are retained in heterozygous state in the autotetraploid potato genomes. Leveraging full-length cDNA sequencing data, we find that approximately 70% of haplotypes of the 119 genes are transcribable. Population genetic analyses identify starch and SGA biosynthetic genes that are potentially conserved or diverged between potato varieties with varying starch or SGA content.
Conclusions
These results deepen the understanding of haplotypic diversity within functionally important genes in autotetraploid genomes and may facilitate functional characterization of genes or haplotypes contributing to traits related to starch and SGA in potato.
Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan-based composite hydrogel with exceptional water retention
Authors: E Yuyu , Chang Zeyu , Li Wen , Li Pengfei , Lei Fuhou , Jiang Jianxin , Duan Wengui , Yuan Shengguang , Wang Kun , Peng Xiaopeng
Published: November 2023

A novel epoxy-cross-linked hyaluronic acid/galactomannan composite hydrogel was prepared from Gleditsia sinensis using various alkyl glycidyl ethers as cross-linking agents. The morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of the obtained hydrogels were comparatively investigated and discussed. The optimal composite hydrogel (GM/HDE/HA) exhibited high storage modulus (210 Pa), loss modulus (27.8 Pa), and water retention properties (95%). Hydrogels with high molecular weight (Mw) hyaluronic acid showed higher water retention properties than those with low-Mw hyaluronic acid (80% water retention properties). The molecular docking simulations of hyaluronic acid confirmed the higher formation energies of the high-Mw hyaluronic acid (-14.98 Kcal/mol) than that of the low-Mw hyaluronic acid (-6.90 Kcal/mol). This study offers a new design strategy for a water retention hydrogel by optimizing the cross-linked dimension with various-length polymer chains as cross-linkers. These remarkable advantages make hydrogels have enormous potential in the application of cosmetics and biomedical.
AhGSNOR negatively regulates Al-induced programmed cell death by regulating intracellular NO and redox homeostasis
Authors: Pan Chunliu , Li Xia , Jian Changge , Zhou Yunyi , Wang Aiqin , Xiao Dong , Zhan Jie , He Longfei
Published: November 2023

Aims
The toxicity of aluminum (Al) in acidic soil inhibits plant development and reduces crop yields. Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the important mechanisms in the plant response to Al toxicity. However, it is yet unknown if S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) provides Al-toxicity tolerance.
Methods
AhGSNOR was cloned and its expression was analyzed. The NO content, SNO content, and GSNOR activity in roots of wild type and AhGSNOR transgenic tobacco under different Al stress conditions were detected, as well as root elongation, cell death, antioxidant enzyme activity, H2O2 level and lipid peroxidation degree. The relationship between AhGSNOR and TRXh was also explored.
Results
Transcription and protein expression of AhGSNOR were both induced by Al stress. Both AhGSNOR-overexpressing transgenic and antisense tobacco plants exhibited a late flowering phenotype compared to the wild type, implying that stability of AhGSNOR expression is required for normal growth and development. Moreover, AhGSNOR overexpression reduced Al-induced nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiol accumulation, the inhibitory effect of Al stress on root elongation and the degree of cell death, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity to effectively remove hydrogen peroxide. In addition, AhTRXh directly interacted with AhGSNOR in peanut in vitro and in vivo. Expression of NtTrxh3 in AhGSNOR-overexpressing transgenic plants was significantly upregulated.
Conclusions
These results suggested that AhGSNOR was a negative regulatory factor of Al-induced PCD and improved plant Al-tolerance by modulating intracellular NO and redox homeostasis.
Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and influencing factors of high-quality medical resources in China’s ethnic minority areas
Authors: Hao Bangyan , Liang Binghua , Chen Zhuo , Huang Lifeng , Li Chengcheng
Published: November 2023

Background: In China, as people’s standard of living improves and the medical service system becomes more sophisticated, the demand for higher-quality and improved healthcare services is steadily rising. Inequality in health resource allocation (HRA) is more pronounced in ethnic minority areas (EMAs) than in developed regions. However, little research exists on high-quality medical resources (HQMRs) in China’s EMAs. Hence, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of HQMRs in China’s EMAs from 2007 to 2021 and identified the main factors affecting their respective HQMR levels.
Methods: We selected tertiary hospitals to represent the quality of healthcare resources. We employed descriptive statistical techniques to analyze changes in the distribution of HQMRs from 2007 to 2021. We used the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density approach to analyse the dynamic evolution of HQMRs in China’s EMAs. We utilised the least squares dummy variable coefficient (LSDVC) to identify key factors affecting HQMR.
Results: The number of HQMRs in each EMA has risen annually. The average number of tertiary hospitals increased from 175 in 2007 to 488 in 2021. The results of the Dagum Gini coefficient revealed that the differences in the HQMR level in China’s EMAs have slowly declined, and intra-regional disparities have now become the primary determining factor influencing overall variations. The kernel density plot indicated that the HQMR level improved significantly during the study period, but bifurcation became increasingly severe. Using the LSDVC for analysis, we found that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the size of the resident population, and the number of students enrolled in general higher education exhibited a significant negative correlation with HQMR levels, while GDP and urbanisation rate had a significant promoting effect.
Conclusions: The HQMR level in EMAs has risen rapidly but remains inadequate. The differences in HQMR between regions have continued to narrow, but serious bifurcation has occurred. Policymakers should consider economic growth, education, and population size rather than simply increasing the number of HQMRs everywhere.
Pulse Splitting Technique for Low Sidelobe Time-Modulated Antenna Array Synthesis with Harmonic Suppression
Authors: Sallam Tarek , Attiya Ahmed M.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, pulse splitting approach is proposed to simultaneously reduce the sidelobe level (SLL) of fundamental signal and maximum sideband levels (SBLs) of harmonic signals for time-modulated linear array (TMLA). This is achieved by controlling only the periodic switching time sequence of each element of the TMLA. In pulse splitting, the on-off switching sequence of each radiating element is characterized by multiple rectangular sub-pulses within the modulation period which increase the degrees of freedom in order to better synthesize the desired fundamental pattern with simultaneous suppression of harmonic or sideband radiation. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the switch-on and switch-off instants of each sub-pulse for each element for 16-element uniform amplitude, phase, and space linear antenna array. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method can achieve the desired patterns with very low SLL and SBLs compared with previous published results.
Termites Can Learn
Authors: Ding Yifan Evan , Li Zhenghui
Published: November 2023

It is generally believed that termites can’t learn and are not “intelligent”. This study aimed to test whether termites could have any form of memory. A Y-shaped test device with one release chamber and two identical test chambers was designed and constructed by 3D printing. A colony of damp wood termites was harvested from the wild. Worker termites were randomly selected for experiment. Repellent odors that could mimic the alarm pheromone for termites were first identified. Among all substances tested, a tea tree oil and lemon juice were found to contain repellent odors for the tested termites, as they significantly reduced the time that termites spent in the chamber treated with these substances. As control, a trail pheromone was found to be attractive. Subsequently, a second cohort of termites were operant conditioned by punishment using both tea tree oil and lemon juice, and then tested for their ability to remember the path that could lead to the repellant odors. The test device was thoroughly cleaned between trials. It was found that conditioned termites displayed a reduced tendency to choose the path that led to expectant punishment as compared with naïve termites. Thus, it is concluded that damp wood termites are capable of learning and forming “fear memory”, indicative of “intelligence” in termites. This result challenges established presumption about termites’ intelligence.
Characterizing the Dynamics of the Single Cell Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Cell Subpopulations during the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Guo , Ge Fan , Huo Zhenyu , Jiang Zhanpeng , Yan Zeping , Kang Kai , Liang Hengrui , Wang Wei
Published: November 2023

Background
Lung cancer progression typically involves the transition from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) to the invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) stage. The immune status in tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in governing tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the precise variances in the immune microenvironment among these four states remain uncertain.
Methods
We employed diverse methodologies including single-cell, spatial, and bulk RNA-sequencing datasets to elucidate the intricate dynamics and interplay of immune cells. Leveraging the distinctions observed among the four states, we developed a prediction model utilizing machine learning techniques to assess the potential survival advantages for patients.
Results
This research involved a cohort of 52 patients representing four distinct states. Through dimension reduction and clustering techniques, we successfully identified and analyzed nine distinct cell types. In-depth investigation of cell-cell communication and spatial transcriptomics indicated variations in the epithelial-cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) interaction across the four states. Additionally, our analysis revealed the presence of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling pathway in all states, which was associated with notable anti-tumor biological processes. Importantly, the machine learning model based on MIF-related genes exhibited a favorable predictive probability of survival time, as evidenced by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68.
Conclusion
Utilizing a multi-dimensional transcriptomics approach, we conducted an in-depth characterization of the temporal evolution of the TME during the progression of LUAD. Our comprehensive analysis elucidated the intricate variances observed across the spectrum from AAH to IA states. Furthermore, we employed an immune-related machine learning model to validate our findings and accurately forecast the potential survival advantages for patients.
Longitudinal study of changes in endolymphatic hydrops assessed by intravenous gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging following medical treatment in patients with Ménière’s disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Kim Jong Sei , Cho Young-Sang , Ahn Jungmin , Kim Hyung-Jin , Kim Yikyung , Cho Baek Hwan , Chung Won-Ho
Published: November 2023

Ménière’s disease (MD) is characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) is a histologic marker of MD. We aimed to investigate whether symptom improvement following medical treatment would decrease the hydrops ratio calculated by intravenous gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging (IV Gd MRI) in the cochlea and vestibule. This prospective study included 9 patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD. All patients were treated medically. Patients underwent IV Gd MRI at diagnosis and follow-up MRI at 6 months after the last vertigo attack. Differences in cochlear hydrops (CH) and vestibular hydrops (VH) ratios of the affected ear before and after medical treatment were measured. Nine patients were enrolled in this study. The hearing level was not significantly (p = 0.759) altered after treatment. Moreover, there was no significant difference in CH ratio (p = 0.083) or VH ratio (p = 0.556) between the initial and follow-up MRI scans. The hydrops ratio did not change in patients after medical control of MD was attained. Because EH did not recover even after symptoms resolved, we conclude that there is no relationship between presenting symptoms and EH.
Phenotypic variation seems not to be associated with the genetic profile in Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae): a case study of a high-elevation rocky complex
Authors: Gomes Shaiany Sabrina Lopes , Lopes Juliana Mainenti Leal , de Matos Elyabe Monteiro , Cabral Elisa Guimarães , Azevedo Ana Luisa Sousa , Machado Marco Antonio , de Campos José Marcello Salabert , Neto Luiz Menini , Viccini Lyderson Facio
Published: November 2023

Hybridization associated with polyploidy studies is rare in the tropics. The genus Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae) was here investigated as a case study of Neotropical plants. In the Ibitipoca State Park (ISP), Southeast, Brazil, occurring in outcrops of campos rupestres, it was observed a wide phenotypic variation involving Z. maculatum and Z. triste; individuals with intermediate colors and forms between the species are commonly identified. Chromosomal analysis and DNA amount showed a uniform population. Regardless of the aspects related to the color and shape of floral structures, all individuals presented 2n = 96 chromosomes and an average of 14.05pg of DNA. Irregularities in meiosis associated with chromosome number and C value suggest the occurrence of polyploidy. The genetic distance estimated using ISSR molecular markers revealed the existence of genetic variability, not related to morphological clusters. Morphometric measurements of the flower pieces revealed that Z. maculatum has greater variation than Z. triste but without a defined circumscription. The observed variation can be explained by the polyploid and phenotypic plasticity resulting from the interaction of the genotypes with the heterogeneous environments observed in the study area. The data together contributed to the understanding of evolutionary processes and the origin of diversity in tropical regions.
Opportunities, challenges and the way forward for biomass briquettes in Tanzania
Authors: Kimaro Jerome Gadi
Published: November 2023

The reported study highlights the potential for biomass briquettes as a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional fuels like firewood and charcoal in Tanzania. Focus group discussions and key informant meetings were conducted, involving stakeholders from 16 regions of Tanzania's mainland. Rating scales and SWOT analysis were used to analyze the collected information. Our analysis showed that briquette technology can contribute to reducing deforestation, climate change mitigation, and employment generation. However, it also identified various challenges like market incompetency, limited access to technology, community misconceptions about briquettes, and a lack of political support. To mitigate these challenges and promote the briquette sector in Tanzania, the study suggests various interventions, particularly providing technical training and resources to accelerate production and quality assurance and engaging with policymakers to advocate for supportive policies and incentives. Additionally, developing effective marketing and distribution strategies. In conclusion, the study indicates that Tanzania has the potential to advance the biomass briquette sector, which has positive social, ecological and economic impacts. However, addressing these challenges and realizing their potential benefits will require a collaborative and multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders, like government agencies, researchers, development partners, NGOs, and local communities.
Enzymatic fat dissolution improves detection of small lymph nodes in colon cancer surgery
Authors: Kajitani Ryuji , Munechika Taro , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Nagano Hideki , Aisu Naoya , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Yoshida Yoichiro , Hasegawa Suguru
Published: November 2023

Background
Accurate lymph node evaluation is essential for staging colon cancer and guiding postoperative treatment decisions. In this study, we compared the efficacy of a simple enzymatic fat dissolution method with that of the conventional method for lymph node sampling from specimens after colon cancer surgery.
Methods
We enrolled 58 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery for colon adenocarcinoma. The specimens from these patients were treated using fat dissolution and were compared with specimens from 58 patients for which conventional manual palpation was used.
Results
A significantly greater number of lymph nodes were detected by the fat dissolution method compared with the conventional method (average per patient, 27.5 vs 22.6, P = 0.02). In particular, the between-group difference was significant for lymph nodes measuring < 5 mm (average per patient, 26.1 vs 20.9, P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that, compared with the conventional method, the fat dissolution method was significantly associated with identification of lymph node metastasis. The positive rate of lymph nodes ≥ 10 mm in diameter was markedly higher along the inferior mesenteric artery than along the ileocolic artery (100% vs 52.6%).
Conclusions
Use of the fat dissolution method led to an increase in the number of small lymph nodes detected. Rates of metastasis according to lymph node size may depend on the lymph node station.
Effect of Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza on Rabbit Ileum in comparison Acetylcholine, Atropine and Ondansetron
Authors: Zulfiqar Tehreem , Khalid Maria , Abaid Tehseen , Malik Tooba , Anser Ammara
Published: November 2023

Background: Gastrointestinal disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome IBS can decrease life quality and increase risk of anxiety and depression. Drugs like Hyoscyamine, Metoclopramide, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists like Alosteron are used nowadays for its symptomatic management but their use is associated with adverse effects leading to decreased patient compliance. Nowadays natural plant-based medicine is preferred by people due to its fewer adverse effects therefore, the present study is designed to evaluate the effect of Glycyrrhiza on intestinal smooth muscle of rabbit. The aim of our study is to define the mechanism of action of Glycyrrhiza in promoting or inhibiting gut motility.
Methodology and Results: An Experimental in-vitro study was carried out in the Pharmacology Department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore in January 2023. Rabbit Ileal tissue was used. Ileal smooth muscle activity was recorded using Power lab (AD instruments). After mounting, tissue was given rest for 30 minutes after which baseline contractions were recorded. Then 0.8ml of Acetylcholine (10-5) was added and contractions were recorded for 30 seconds. The tissue was washed with Tyrode’s solution three times and then given rest for 3 minutes. Then ileal tissue was treated with Glycyrrhiza 5%,15% and 20% and their effect was recorded. Acetylcholine served as a positive control and action of Glycyrrhiza 5%, 15%, and 20% solution was compared with it. After that Glycyrrhiza was used in the presence of drugs that inhibit intestinal motility; Atropine and Ondansetron 0.0036µM and 0.036µM. Results showed that Glycyrrhiza 5%, 15% and 20% increased intestinal motility significantly (p-value<0.0001) in comparison with Acetylcholine. However, when Glycyrrhiza was used in the presence of antagonists Atropine and Ondansetron, then it reduced intestinal motility significantly (p-value<0.0001).
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza has dual effect on gut motility that is direct muscarinic receptor agonist and indirect modulator of enteric vagus nerve terminal through serotonin 5HT3 receptors.
Long Term Clinical Outcomes of Intravascular-Imaging Guided PCI Versus Angiography-Guided PCI In Complex Coronary Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ashraf Danish Ali , Ahmed Usman , Khan Zainab Zaib , Mushtaq Fiza , Bano Shehar , Khan Ali Raza , Azam Saad , Haroon Abdullah , Malik Salman Ahmed , Aslam Raza , Kumar Jai , Khan Farva Zaib , Ashraf Amna Binte , Kumar Sarwan
Published: November 2023

Background
In this study, we aim to discuss long term clinical outcomes of Intravascular-imaging guided PCI versus angiography-guided PCI in complex coronary lesions over a mean period of two years.
Methods
A systematic search and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of using Intravascular Ultrasound or Optical Coherence Tomography guidance in coronary artery stenting compared to angiography. Outcome measures such as Target Lesion Revascularization, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Target Vessel Revascularization, Stent Thrombosis, and Myocardial Infarction were analyzed. Risk ratios were used as the primary outcome measure. Publication bias was evaluated using a modified Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool for Randomized Controlled Trials.
Results
Eleven randomized control trials with 6740 patients were included. For the primary outcome, a pooled analysis (3.2% vs 5.6%, RR 0.61, 0.48–0.77, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%, Heterogeneity p value = 0.98) showed that the results were in favor of imaging guided PCI. For secondary outcomes, the risk was significantly low in Image guide PCI compared to angiography (4.1% vs 7.2%, RR 00.61, 00.48–0.77, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%,Pheterogeneity = 0.99) for TVR, (1.3% vs 2.3%, RR 0.57, 0.39–0.83, P = 0.003, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.92) for cardiac death, (6.9% vs 11.3%, RR 0.63, 0.54–0.73, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.80) for MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events), (0.4% vs 1.3%, RR 0.40, 0.21–0.75, P = 0.004, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.70) for ST and (2.8% vs 3.6%, RR 0.76, 0.58–0.99, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.63) for MI.
Conclusion
Intravascular Imaging Guided PCI is significantly more effective than Angiography Guided PCI in reducing the risk of TLR, TVR, Cardiac Death, MACE, ST.
Provision of digital health interventions for young people with ADHD in primary care: findings from a national survey and scoping review
Authors: Gudka Rebecca , Becker Kieran , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin , Price Anna
Published: November 2023

Background
People with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative health outcomes, with risks reduced through evidence-based treatments. Therefore, ensuring continued access to treatment for young people with ADHD, especially as they transition from child to adult services, is a priority. Currently many young people with ADHD are unable to access adequate care, with negative consequences for patients and their communities. Preliminary evidence suggests digital health interventions (DHIs) may act as an effective adjunct to usual care, helping overcome barriers to access, and improving outcomes by increasing understanding of ADHD as a long-term condition. The aim of this mixed methods study is to explore the healthcare information preferences of people with lived experience of ADHD in the primary care context and considers these in the light of the emerging body of literature on DHIs for ADHD.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey on used and preferred healthcare information resources for people with ADHD was disseminated via research networks, national organisations, and social media. A scoping review of evidence on DHIs for people with ADHD aged 16–25 was conducted, with synthesis of evidence on barriers and facilitators to implementation. A descriptive summary of survey responses was compared and discussed in the context of DHIs identified in the scoping review.
Results
Digital apps, followed by support groups, were deemed the most useful information resource types by survey respondents, but were the least currently used/provided. Over 40% participants indicated a preference for signposting to all resource types by their general practitioner (GP), suggesting that GPs are credible sources for ADHD healthcare information. The scoping review identified 10 studies of DHI for ADHD, consisting of games, symptom monitoring, psychoeducation, and medication reminders, with limited evidence of effectiveness/implementation.
Conclusions
People with ADHD state a preference for digital apps as an adjunct to usual care. However, these are currently the least provided information resource in primary care, indicating a key area for future development. The limited evidence base on DHIs for ADHD suggests combining digital apps and support networks, and utilising multimodal delivery methods may also enhance the delivery of healthcare information.
The inflammation score predicts the prognosis of gastric cancer patients undergoing Da Vinci robot surgery
Authors: chen xihao , zhang yichao , liu zhiyu , song jiawei , li jipeng
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated from peripheral blood immune-inflammatory cell counts, is considered a predictor of survival in various cancers. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research into the predictive value of NLR specifically in gastric cancer patients following surgery using the Da Vinci robot. Investigate the objectives of this research, confirm the positive predictive value of NLR in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients undergoing Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery by comparing its prognostic ability with other inflammation markers and tumor biomarkers.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, information from 128 individuals diagnosed with gastric cancer and treated with da Vinci robot-assisted surgery was examined. The study examined various markers in the peripheral blood, including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) prognostic nutrition index (PNI), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 72 − 4 (CA72-4), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).To ascertain the prognostic ability and optimal cutoff values of each parameter, operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve were utilized in the analysis. For evaluation of independent prognostic factors, we utilized Kaplan-Meier curves and multifactorial COX analysis. The variables from the multifactorial Cox analysis were used to construct a nomogram.
Results
NLR, LMR, CEA, AFP, primary location, largest tumor size and TNM stage were all found to be significant predictive elements for overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox identified NLR (P = 0.005), LMR (P = 0.03) and AFP (P = 0.007) as the only separate predictive variables among hematological indicators. The nomogram built using NLR demonstrates excellent predictive performance at 1-year (AUC = 0.778),3-years (AUC = 0.773), and 5-years (AUC = 0.781). Cross-validation demonstrates that this model has favorable predictive performance and discriminative ability.
Conclusion
NLR is an uncomplicated yet potent marker for forecasting the survival result of individuals with gastric cancer following da Vinci robotic surgery, and it possesses considerable predictive significance. The nomogram based on NLR provides patients with a visual and accurate prognosis prediction.
Toxic element enrichment and potential ecological risks from asbestos-bearing mine wastes
Authors: Schapira Jessica , Bolhar Robert , Master Sharad
Published: November 2023

In developing countries, such as those in Africa, the existence of empirical data characterising the chemical composition and ecological and health risks of solid mine wastes, such as asbestos, is extremely limited. While the geological properties and carcinogenic risks of asbestos fibres have been long-known and well-researched, the potential ecological impacts of exposed asbestos mine wastes and asbestos-bearing geological deposits have largely been ignored. In this study a preliminary assessment of heavy metal pollution from asbestos-mine wastes is presented using different pollution indices in the context of source contamination. The quantitative contamination indices (enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cdegree) and pollution load index (PLI)), ecological risks and hazards quotient (HQ) were determined for chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite and anthophyllite mine waste types. The results indicate that the asbestos mine wastes contain high concentrations of heavy metals, greater than their respective background levels, with significant implications for ecological and human health risks.
Characterization of Argonaute Nucleases from Mesophilic Bacteria Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyi , Yang Hao , Dong Huarong , Li Xiao , Liu Qian , Feng Yan
Published: November 2023

Mesophilic Argonautes (Agos) from microbial resources have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in genome editing and molecular diagnostics. This study characterizes a novel Ago from Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis (PrAgo) that exhibits strict DNA-guided cleavage for single-stranded DNA. PrAgo can effectively cleave DNA using 5'-phosphate guide DNA, with both Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions, and functions optimally across a wide range of pH values and temperatures. Additionally, PrAgo displays efficient cleavage even in the presence of a single- nucleotide mismatch in the guide DNA, and continuous double-nucleotide mismatches may reduce cleavage efficiency. Notably, PrAgo also demonstrates programmable cleavage of double-stranded DNA at 65°C. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest interactions between the PAZ domain and different guide DNAs strongly influence cleavage efficiency. These findings expand our understanding of mesophilic Agos and their potential applications in biotechnology.
Flexible superconducting wiring for integration with low temperature detector and readout fabrication
Authors: O'Neil Galen , Doriese William Bertrand , Keller Mark , Mates John , Morgan Kelsey , Schmidt Dan , Singh Robinjeet , Swetz Daniel , Vale Leila , Vissers Michael , Weber Joel , Ullom Joel
Published: November 2023

We present a method of creating high-density superconducting flexible wiring on flexible thin silicon substrates. The flexible wiring, called SOI flex, is created by depositing superconducting wiring on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer, selectively etching away the thicker silicon section handle layer, and bending the thinner silicon device layer. We show measurements of superconducting transition temperature and critical current for Mo, Nb, and Al on SOI flex. We discuss the expected advantages of SOI flex for low-temperature detector applications, as well as the role of stress and strain in bent silicon and niobium.