bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Peer Coaches as Community-Based Competency Drivers in Part C Early Intervention
Authors: Romano Mollie , Schnurr Melissa , Barton Erin Elizabeth , Woods Juliann , Weigel Cindy
Published: May 2021

Using an implementation science framework, this study examines the impact of a multicomponent professional development (PD) approach implemented by internal peer coaches on early intervention providers’ use of Family Guided Routines-Based Intervention. The experimental study used a single-case multiple baseline design across participants, replicated in three sites with early interventionist (EI) providers ( n = 9) and families with infants and toddlers ( n = 18) in U.S. community-based Part C programs. Data indicate a functional relation between the multicomponent PD approach and EIs’ use of the intervention. A between-case standardized mean difference effect size was used to confirm the results of the visual analysis. The implications for the use of implementation science frameworks to build competency drivers within early intervention systems are discussed.
Global Self-Esteem Differentially Predicts Multidimensional Perfectionism in Early Adolescents Two Years Later
Authors: Stricker Johannes , Preckel Franzis
Published: May 2021

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait whose facets differentially relate to indicators of psychological functioning, such as global self-esteem. There has been some theoretical disagreement whether perfectionism affects global self-esteem, or vice versa. This question merits renewed attention due to increasing efforts to prevent the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets in adolescents. In addition, recent research has indicated a role of self-esteem for predicting personality development. This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal relations of multidimensional perfectionism and global self-esteem. A sample of 707 early adolescents participated in two measurement points two years apart. Global self-esteem positively predicted personal standards, negatively predicted doubts about actions, and did not predict concern over mistakes beyond baseline. Perfectionism facets did not longitudinally predict global self-esteem. These findings provide the first evidence for a role of global self-esteem in perfectionism development. Addressing early adolescents’ self-esteem may aid in preventing the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets.
Navigating the complexity of calf injuries in athletes: a review of MRI findings
Authors: Sergot Leon , Leaper Oliver , Rolls Andrew , Williams Jonathan , Chakraverty Robin , Chakraverty Julian
Published: May 2021

The calf muscle group is a common area for injury within the professional athlete population. Anatomical and biomechanical differences between the different component muscles vary their individual predispositions to and patterns of injury. However, there is a common unifying factor: injuries involving tendinous components have greater clinical implications with regards to rehabilitation, potential intervention, length of time to return to play, and re-injury rates. As such, accurate understanding of the underlying anatomy and subsequent interpretation of the injury patterns carry significant clinical ramifications. Ultrasound is a useful tool but has limitations, particularly when assessing soleus. As such, magnetic resonance imaging remains the workhorse in calf injury investigation.
Sensation of laryngeal obstruction as a manifestation of myocardial infarction: A case report
Authors: Luo Zhuanbo , He Hequn , Chen Xueqin
Published: May 2021

A rare case of a 62-year-old woman with an atypical cardiac symptom of sensation of laryngeal obstruction as a manifestation of acute coronary syndrome is described. Initially, the patient showed unremarkable test results and was diagnosed with laryngopharyngitis and discharged from hospital. However, 24 hours later she returned to the hospital with an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and elevated blood troponin levels and was diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). She developed heart failure, cardiogenic shock and died. Clinicians should be aware that patients with an unexplained sensation of laryngeal obstruction should be considered for the presence of MI within their differential diagnosis since this may be the only symptom in some patients with life-threatening cardiac ischemia.
Relationship between urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2016–2018
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun
Published: May 2021

Objective

To examine the relationship between urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels in Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 4445 adults (age ≥19 years) participating in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2016 to 2018 were classified by sex and as smokers/electronic cigarette users (SE) or non-smokers (NS). Data were analyzed using complex sample general linear models.

Results

There were no differences in dietary intake of vitamin A, carotene, or retinol between the SE and NS groups. Adjusted mean serum vitamin A levels were higher in the SE group compared with those in the NS group (0.63 mg/L vs 0.60 mg/L among men; 0.55 mg/L vs 0.51 mg/L among women). Among all participants, urinary cotinine and serum vitamin A levels were positively correlated (R2 = 0.037). However, no correlation was observed in either the SE or NS groups individually. In a model adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, frequency of binge drinking, and dyslipidemia, a stronger correlation was observed (R2 = 0.244).

Conclusion

In Korean adults, urinary cotinine levels were positively associated with serum vitamin A levels. Mean serum vitamin A levels were significantly higher in the SE group compared with the NS group.
Correlating entrance data and first year academic performance of students enrolled in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Porto
Authors: Duarte TMGP , Lopes AM , Silva LFM da
Published: May 2021

Understanding how the academic performance of first year undergraduate students is influenced by home, personal and institutional factors is fundamental to delineate policies able to mitigate failure. This paper investigates possible correlations between the academic performance of students at the end of high school with their achievements at the end of first year university. Data for students in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) program within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto are analysed for the period 2016/2017 to 2019/2020. The students’ performance is measured by two metrics and the students are structured as a whole and by groups, according to their gender (Male/Female), type of secondary school (Public/Private), living place (Away/Home) and the rank of MIEM in their application list of options (Option 1/Option 2–6). The information is organized statistically and possible correlations between the data are investigated. The analysis reveals limited correlation between the two metrics, meaning that all students may exhibit good or poor results at the end of first year in MIEM, independent of their status at entrance. An unanticipated pattern is exhibited for the group Option 2–6, since it shows that, despite entering into MIEM without top application marks, the students in this group can perform as well as the others. This behavior is consistent over time.
Assessing Physical Activity Achievement by using Transit
Authors: Mageau-Béland Judith , Morency Catherine
Published: May 2021

Sedentary lifestyle is an important public health issue. To prevent this problem, major health organizations promote the inclusion of physical activity in daily life. Active modes are therefore a well-known way of achieving the health recommendations but walking to transit has also been studied recently. The goal of this study is to assess the level of physical activity achieved by using transit, to verify its contribution in reaching the recommendations. The paper aims to assess the energy expenditure associated with transit use by analyzing the related Metabolic Equivalent of Task. This allows us to express trips as physical activity expenditures and to integrate them in the daily pool of physical activities. For this study, only the main variables affecting the intensity of physical activity are considered. These are the walking time and slope encountered during the walking portion of transit trips. This estimation allows us to estimate the level of physical activity reached by transit users and assess the potential physical activity drivers could achieve if they switched to transit. Finally, the method is also applied to a current transportation issue in Montreal. Results show that transit users living in the Montreal area can achieve 54% of their recommended daily physical activity just by using transit. Current users of motorized modes, if they were to change to transit for their daily travels, could achieve 85% of the recommended daily physical activity.
Lingayats and the Yearning for the ‘Language of the Gods’ in the 1910s–1940s
Authors: Komala Divya
Published: May 2021

Lingayats hold a distinct position in the history of Karnataka beginning with the cultural legacy from the twelfth century and continuing into the twentieth century for the prominent role in the non-Brahmin movement by deploying education as a means to achieve social mobility and to attain solidarity among the various sections of the diverse community. The possible loss of social status in the caste hierarchy in the late nineteenth century prompted Lingayat caste entities to embark on the legacy of Sanskrit scholarship that was eventually deployed to lay an unprecedented claim in Sanskrit education across the region of Kannada speaking territory. This study explores how the usage of Sanskrit for mass education by the Lingayat mathas enabled caste consolidation, by re-appropriating a Brahmanical language in Mysore state and to certain extent in the region of Bombay Karnataka. Through this exploration, it pushes us to re-consider the Brahmin-non-Brahmin binary, within which the history of education in the Mysore princely state is narrated from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
Adolescents’ Experiences of a Developmental Coaching and Outdoor Adventure Education Program: Using Constructive-Developmental Theory to Investigate Individual Differences in Adolescent Meaning-Making and Developmental Growth
Authors: Gwyn Wendy G. , J. Cavanagh Michael
Published: May 2021

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis and Robert Kegan’s constructive-developmental theory, this study investigated how developmental stage shaped the subjective experiences of 13 adolescents ( Mage = 15.92 years, 54% females) in a developmental coaching and outdoor adventure education program. Participants were drawn from socioeconomically disadvantaged schools in Sydney, Australia, and represented Asian, Middle Eastern, and European ethnicities. A single, semi-structured interview was conducted with participants postprogram, following protocols approved by an institutional ethics committee. Interview data were used to investigate participants’ meaning-making structures as evidence of constructive-developmental stage both at the time of interview and program participation. We found that, despite being similar ages at program commencement, participants displayed a range of constructive-developmental stages. The data demonstrate how participants at different stages of meaning-making experienced the same activities differently, including what they experienced as challenging and supportive. Furthermore, our findings suggest that there is a valuable role for developmental coaching in scaffolding program challenges to stimulate constructive-developmental growth. Constructive-developmental theory provides a novel framework for understanding the different ways in which adolescents make meaning of developmental programs. We hope the findings from this study will help those who design and implement these programs to appreciate constructive-developmental differences in their participants to better target interventions aimed at facilitating developmental growth.
“We Say ‘Mothers’ But Mean ‘Parents’”: Qualitative Perceptions and Experiences With Father Absence Among Curaçaoan, Curaçaoan-Dutch, and Dutch Young People
Authors: Osinga Mariëlle , van Bergen Diana D. , van Brummen-Girigori Odette J. , Kretschmer Tina , Timmerman Margaretha C.
Published: May 2021

Perceptions and experiences with biological father absence might vary depending on the extent to which father absence constitutes a common family form, like it does in many Caribbean countries. The goal of this qualitative study was to better understand what it means to grow up without a father for Curaçaoan ( n = 19; 15–24 years), Curaçaoan-Dutch ( n = 15; 14–29 years), and Dutch ( n = 16; 16–26 years) young men and women. Findings from thematic analyses of ethically approved in-depth interviews revealed that most interviewees from all three cultural groups perceived no bond with and upbringing from their absent father. The interviewees noted emotional pain, but also mentioned that (m)others compensated for their father’s absence. Dutch interviewees were more negative about their absent father, and both Dutch and Curaçaoan-Dutch interviewees experienced more difficulties with respect to their father’s absence compared with Curaçaoan interviewees. Studying the similarities and differences between perceptions and experiences with father absence enriches our knowledge of what it means to grow up without a father. Doing so from young people’s point of view and across cultures has important practical value by providing a fuller understanding of the meaning of father absence for young people across cultures.
The “Othering” of Latina Girls in School Sport Contexts
Authors: Lopez Vera
Published: May 2021

This study sought to enhance, through qualitative methods, an understanding of the othering of Latina girls in school sport contexts. Focus groups with 78 Latina girls (ages 12–15) and semi-structured interviews with 15 coaches were conducted. Thematic analysis of the focus group and interview data revealed that Latina girls receive both implicit and explicit messages that they do not belong in sports. These messages are ingrained within larger discourses about gender, ethnicity, class, and sports, and are expressed at the ideological (beliefs about sport, gender, and culture), institutional (school policy and practices), instructional (coaching pedagogies), and interpersonal (interactions with coaches/peers) levels. Girls both internalized and resisted messages about sport, gender, culture, and belonging. Policy and practice recommendations about how schools can develop more inclusive school sport contexts for Latina girls are presented.
Digital and informatics competencies: Requirements for nursing leaders in Canada
Authors: Lo Brian , Nagle Lynn M. , White Peggy , Kleib Manal , Kennedy Margaret Ann , Strudwick Gillian
Published: May 2021

The use of health information technologies continues to grow, especially with the increase in virtual care in response to COVID-19. As the largest health professional group in Canada, nurses are key stakeholders and their active engagement is essential for the meaningful adoption and use of digital health technologies to support patient care. Nurse leaders in particular are uniquely positioned to inform key technology decisions; therefore, enhancing their informatics capacity is paramount to the success of digital health initiatives and investments. The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on current projects relevant to the development of informatics competencies for nurse leaders in the Canadian context and offer our perspectives on ways to enhance current and future nurse leaders’ readiness for participation in digital health initiatives. Addressing the digital health knowledge and abilities of nurse leaders will improve their capacity to champion and lead transformative health system changes through digital innovation.
Recent applications of QCM-D for the design, synthesis, and characterization of bioactive materials
Authors: Mosley Robert J , Talarico Matthew V , Byrne Mark E
Published: May 2021

The clinical translation of bioactive technologies is lacking compared to the number of novel technologies reported in the literature. This is in part due to the difficulties in characterizing bioactive materials to understand and predict their biological response. To progress the field and increase clinical success, more robust analytical techniques must be utilized when investigating novel bioactive materials. The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), a label-free sensing instrument based on an acoustic resonator, is used to quantify mass change and viscoelastic parameters from soft materials at the nanoscale, in situ, with precise temporal resolution and operation in both liquid and gaseous environments. The versatility of QCM-D has enhanced the characterization of bioactive polymers and sensing arrays for advanced applications of novel biotechnologies. In this review, we highlight exciting, recent applications of QCM-D for the investigation of bioactive materials. Attention is given to the dynamic mechanical properties of bioactive materials, discerning protein structure on surfaces, probing cell adhesion and cytoskeletal changes, and biosensing applications. We conclude that QCM-D has untapped utility in the pre-clinical investigation of bioactive materials and further utilization can improve the clinical success of novel technologies.
Engineering cartilage graft using mesenchymal stem cell laden polyacrylamide-galactoxyloglucan hydrogel for transplantation
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Usha Preethi , Jalajakumari Sreekutty , Sheela Unnikrishnan Babukuttan , Mohan Deepa , Berry Catherine , Tripathi Anuj , Thankappan Nair Sreelekha T
Published: May 2021

Hydrogels are reported to have various biomedical field applications, and many reports also suggest that soft gels promote stem cell differentiation. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is significant in articular cartilage repair. This study focuses on polysaccharide-based hydrogels which enhance chondrocyte lineage differentiation of MSC when grown in the hydrogels. This study implies that the prepared hydrogels promote specific lineage without any external chemical induction factors. The techniques, including immunofluorescence and functional assays to assess the differentiation and in vivo implantation, were employed. All observations paved the way towards confirmation that the galactoxyloglucan-based hydrogel is an attractive candidate for supporting stem cell growth and cartilaginous differentiation.
Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review
Authors: Carnemolla Phillippa , Skinner Vivienne
Published: May 2021

As governments and service agencies across the world grapple with chronic rates of homelessness and housing instability, there is a growing need to understand the value that providing secure, stable housing brings to the lives of people who are homeless and the broader community. The complex nature of homelessness is revealed across a variety of academic fields including planning, pharmacology, urban affairs, housing policy, nutrition, psychiatry, sociology, public health, urban health, and criminology. We undertook a scoping review according to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) that mapped the breadth and scale of the evidence-base and identified themes and gaps. We identified 476 reports and after excluding duplicates and ones that did not relate to our criteria, were left with 100 studies from eight countries. Each of them identified benefits and/or changes that occurred when people experiencing homelessness or housing insecurity transitioned into a secure, stable home. Outcomes measured were distributed across a range of domains including physical and mental health, well-being, mortality rates, criminal justice interaction, service use, and cost-effectiveness. Findings varied by degree but overwhelmingly found improvements in all domains once people were permanently housed. Housing provided a foundation for people to envisage a better life and make plans for the future. As one woman who had fled a violent home was quoted as saying: “housing made everything else possible.” The research identified savings for taxpayers and the wider community once people left homelessness for the stability of a permanent home, even after factoring in the cost of housing and rental help. We found numerous gaps. For example, there was a prevalence of studies that focused on those who are visibly homeless, in particular chronically homeless men with mental illness and/or substance use issues. Much less research looked at women whose patterns of homelessness are more varied and even less at homelessness involving children and families. Women who had left domestic and family violence were investigated in a very small number of studies and sample sizes were small. Few reports undertook the complex task of quantifying and comparing cost savings. Other notable gaps were older women, older people more generally, refugees, recent migrants, veterans, Indigenous people and those with a disability.
Understanding the Quiet Times: The Role of Periods of “Nothing Much Happening” in Police Work
Authors: Rowe Mike , Rowe Michael
Published: May 2021

Much media and academic representations of police work focuses on action, and moments of excitement, drama, and danger. In this article, we consider, instead, those long periods of relative inactivity that characterize routine operational policing, which we refer to as times of “nothing” (consciously using quote marks since we argue that these quiet periods are actually opportunities in which valuable work is done). We identify three types of “nothing”: nothing that is inevitable and necessary; nothing as a creative space; and nothing as the absence of demand. We argue that we need to understand these and their part in policing practice. Moreover, recognizing the importance of “nothing” in police work serves as a corrective to politicized representations of policing and can help derail aggressive, hypermasculinized policing tropes.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical integrity relationship of dissimilar metal welding between 2205 duplex stainless steel and composite bimetallic plates
Authors: Ye Changqing , Zhai Weiguo , Lu Guangyao , Liu Qingsong , Ni Liang , Ye Liang , Fang Xiao
Published: May 2021

In this paper, shielded metal arc welding on the dissimilar joint between 2205 duplex stainless steel and composite bimetallic plates (304 L stainless steel/10CrNi3MoV steel) with a filler metal E2209 was performed. Furthermore, the microstructure, phase, mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion resistance of the joints were investigated and element distributions of the interfaces were characterized. The results show that austenite transformed to ferrite under the influence of welding thermal cycle, and then a large amount of ferrite appeared in heat affected zone (HAZ) of 2205 duplex stainless steel. Coarse bainite grains were formed in HAZ of the 10CrNi3MoV steel near the fusion line with high temperature welding thermal cycle. Fine granular bainite was also generated in HAZ of 10CrNi3MoV steel due to the relatively short exposure time to the active temperature of grain growth. Local peak temperature near the base 10CrNi3MoV steel was still high enough to recrystallize the 10CrNi3MoV steel to form partial-recrystallization HAZ due to phase change. The filler metal was compatible with the three kinds of base materials. The thickness of the elemental diffusion interfaces layers was about 100 µm. The maximum microhardness value was obtained in the HAZ of 2205 duplex stainless steel (287 ± 14 HV), and the minimum one appeared in HAZ of SS304L (213 ± 5 HV). The maximum tensile strength of the welded joint was about 670 ± 6 MPa, and the tensile specimens fractured in ductile at matrix of the composite bimetallic plates. The impact energy of the weld metal and HAZ of the 10CrNi3MoV steel tested at –20 °C were 274 ± 6 J and 308 ± 5 J, respectively. Moreover, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the weldment including 304 L stainless steel, weld metal, HAZs and 2205 duplex stainless steel was in good agreement with the functional design requirements of materials corrosion resistance.
A lumped parameter approach for the filling analysis of V6 engine lubrication systems
Authors: Polastri Marco , Storchi Gabriele , Battarra Mattia , Montorsi Luca , Milani Massimo , Mucchi Emiliano
Published: May 2021

The present work describes a lumped parameter approach for the filling analysis of engine lubrication systems. Filling analyses are typically carried out by means of multi-phase 3-D CFD models but, despite allowing detailed and reliable results, they require very demanding computational capabilities. Based on these premises, the authors present a modelling procedure to address the topic by means of a lumped parameter approach. By introducing a detailed modelling technique, the proposed method offers the possibility to reproduce not only the common and simple elements such as pipes and bends, but also permits the discretization of complex three-dimensional fluid domains. The proposed approach has been applied to the lubrication system of a heavy-duty V6 engine: since long stop intervals are planned during the engine lifetime, the filling time of the system plays a fundamental role. The analysis has been run with the obtained 0-D model, simulating at different lubricant temperature. The predictive capabilities of the numerical model are presented in terms of flow pattern and filling time of the circuit branches. The simulation has also been performed by means of a 3-D CFD model, providing the possibility of a result comparison: since this methodology is nowadays considered the state of the art for this kind of analyses, the results are taken as reference to evaluate the capabilities of the proposed 0-D approach. The comparative analysis concerns both the overall distribution of the lubricant over time, and the local phenomena. The differences in terms of computational effort are considered as well, to assess the approximation of the lumped parameter approach with respect to the complex but more accurate three-dimensional models. The results highlight the accuracy of the methodology on the estimation of the filling time. Moreover, the proposed procedure reveals great advantages in terms of computational effort.
Effects of trailing-edge modification of guide vanes on the wake vortices under different inflow conditions
Authors: Xia Xiang , Zhou Lingjiu , Wang Zhengwei , Liu Dianhai
Published: May 2021

Karman vortices forming behind blades or guide vanes may induce severe vibration and noise in hydraulic machinery. To solve these problems, the trailing edge of vanes or blades is usually trimmed as a remedy. However, this type of modification is not always effective. Based on an engineering project, two sides of the tail of an asymmetric guide vane were modified respectively. The influence of the modification on the wake flow under different inflow conditions was studied using numerical simulation. The results show that, for the studied case, a 45°-bevel cut on the side of a vane with larger velocity gradient near the trailing edge can effectively suppress the Karman vortex. However, the effect of trimming on the side with smaller velocity gradient is poor. These two ways of trimming can reduce the amplitude of the vortex-excitation force by 73.6% and 35.4%, respectively. When guide vanes opening or head increases, the trimming effect is weakened. In addition, the inflow angle and velocity magnitude have a significant impact on the wake flow behind a hydrofoil. When the attacking angle decreases from 0° to –5°, the amplitude of the vortex-excitation force doubles. When the attacking angle increases to 5°, the Karman vortex street almost disappears. The strength of the Karman vortex is related to the difference between the velocity gradient on the two sides of a vane. The greater the difference, the more stable the wake flow.
Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention
Authors: Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Ranjbaran Fatemeh , Sattari Asghar
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.
Seroprevalence of Rickettsial Infections in Northeast India: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Khan Siraj A. , Murhekar Manoj V. , Bora Trishna , Kumar Santhosh , Saikia Jahnabi , Kamaraj P. , Sabarinanthan R.
Published: May 2021

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiae, and typhus group rickettsiae in randomly selected 48 clusters in 12 districts of 3 Northeast states of India: Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura. Individuals in 3 age groups (5-8, 9-17, and 18-45 years) were selected from each cluster. Sera (N = 2360) tested were collected as part of a national survey on dengue seroprevalence conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. Overall, seroprevalence of 2.5% was detected against rickettsioses, with highest positivity against spotted fever group rickettsiae, followed by scrub typhus and typhus group rickettsiae. Seroprevalence was highest in Tripura (3.7%), followed by Assam (2.6%) and Meghalaya (1.04%). Adults of 18 to 45 years of age were found to be most affected (3.8%). The study findings indicate the need for increasing testing facilities for active case detection at hospital levels. Efforts on implementing effective preventing strategies are suggested to be targeted in disease-specific endemic foci.
A thanatopolitical visualisation of accounting history: Giorgio Agamben and Nazi Germany
Authors: Twyford Erin
Published: May 2021

The extensive measures taken to destroy a people are facilitated by a complex matrix of interrelated actors and practices, yet there remains an underdeveloped implication of accounting in the wider moral and political imperatives. The purpose of this article is to introduce a thanatopolitical visualisation of accounting history adapted from the work of Giorgio Agamben and Michel Foucault. The theoretical triptych implicates business and accounting in the State-sanctioned financial, political and actual deaths of people. Through reference to Nazi Germany (1933–1945) and the companies Deutsche Bank and Ford Werke, the utility of the theoretical device is illustrated, and silences in accounting are given exposure through alternative accounts. Adopting a close-reading method, the peripheral yet integral role of accounting helped conceal the human cost of thanatopolitical ideology. Beyond the Holocaust example, this triptych is relevant for the exploration of other instances of thanatopolitics, such as war, natural disasters and pandemics.
“It Is Not Easy”: Cultural Influences of Sickle Cell Disease Management in Rural, Eastern Sierra Leone
Authors: Ibemere Stephanie O. , Shambley-Ebron Donna Z. , Tanabe Paula , Jaja Cheedy
Published: May 2021

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic genetic disease that causes life-threatening complications and requires robust comprehensive management. Developing comprehensive SCD programs in sub-Saharan African countries requires knowledge of the cultural factors affecting health-seeking behavior. We utilized an ethnographic approach and the frameworks of Dutta and Habermas to explore cultural factors influencing SCD management in rural Sierra Leone. A purposive sample of 27 individuals with SCD and their family and professional caregivers were observed and interviewed from March 2019 to April 2019. We identified four domains (Cultural Beliefs, Cultural Values, Cultural Practices, and Dealing with SCD) of cultural influences on SCD management, and 12 sub-themes (related to collectivism; spiritual, traditional, and Western beliefs and practices; and lived experiences) that reflect the personal, social, structural, and contextual complexities of SCD management. Further research regarding roles of traditional and spiritual leaders, combinations of Western and traditional practices, and culturally centered interventions is warranted.
Repair of Asymmetric Bilateral Cleft lip: 1 Stage or 2 Stage
Authors: Zhao Xinran , Wu Yilai , Wang Guomin , Yang Yusheng , Cai Ming
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To verify the advantages and indications of 1-stage and 2-stage repair for asymmetric bilateral cleft lip (BCL).

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

From January 2004 to December 2016 in our department.

Patients:

Patients with BCL.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Over 6 months after the operation, the surgery outcomes were evaluated and graded by 2 experienced surgeons.

Results:

The result of surgery was evaluated using the scoring method of Mortier et al and Anastassov and Chipkov. Among 133 patients with asymmetric BCL, 61 (45.9%) had 1-stage repair and 72 (54.1%) had 2-stage repair. Sixty-eight (51.1%) patients had complete-incomplete cleft lip (CL), and those who underwent 1-stage repair showed a trend of better outcome ( P = .028). Fifty (37.6%) patients with incomplete-microform CL showed no significant difference between the outcomes of 2 surgery plans ( P = .253). In 15 (11.3%) patients with complete-microform CL, only one had 1-stage repair with a score of 8.5. The other 14 patients with 2-stage repair were scored 3.68 ± 1.28. Two-stage repair was preferable when the deformity degree was very different on 2 sides, as it could reduce unnecessary scar tissue and extend the nasal columella. One-stage repair could help to achieve the anatomical reduction of the orbicularis oris and a better contour of the vermilion tubercle.

Conclusion:

One-stage repair is recommended for patients with complete-incomplete CL and incomplete-microform CL. Two-stage repair for patients with complete-microform CL is preferred in our center, but more studies are required to support this conclusion.
Plafond Malreduction and Talar Dome Impaction Accelerates Arthrosis After Supination-Adduction Ankle Fracture
Authors: Githens Michael F. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Jacobsen Kimberly A. , Ross Hunter , Firoozabadi Reza , Haller Justin
Published: May 2021

Background:

Supination-adduction (SAD) type II ankle fractures can have medial tibial plafond and talar body impaction. Factors associated with the development of posttraumatic arthritis can be intrinsic to the injury pattern or mitigated by the surgeon. We hypothesize that plafond malreducton and talar body impaction is associated with early posttraumatic arthrosis.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of skeletally mature patients with SAD ankle fractures at 2 level 1 academic trauma centers who underwent operative fixation were identified. Patients with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. The presence of articular impaction identified on CT scan was recorded and the quality of reduction on final intraoperative radiographs was assessed. The primary outcome was radiographic ankle arthrosis (Kellgren-Lawrence 3 or 4), and postoperative complications were documented.

Results:

A total of 175 SAD ankle fractures were identified during a 10-year period; 79 patients with 1-year follow-up met inclusion criteria. The majority of injuries resulted from a high-energy mechanism. Articular impaction was present in 73% of injuries, and 23% of all patients had radiographic arthrosis (Kellgren-Lawrence 3 or 4) at final follow-up. Articular malreduction, defined by either a gap or step >2 mm, was significantly associated with development of arthrosis. Early treatment failure, infection, and nonunion was rare in this series.

Conclusion:

Malreduction of articular impaction in SAD ankle fractures is associated with early posttraumatic arthrosis. Recognition and anatomic restoration with stable fixation of articular impaction appears to mitigate risk of posttraumatic arthrosis. Investigations correlating postoperative and long-term radiographic findings to patient-reported outcomes after operative treatment of SAD ankle fractures are warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
The Agility Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Concise Follow-up at a Minimum of 20 Years
Authors: Bedard Nicholas , Saltzman Charles L. , Den Hartog Taylor , Carlson Samuel , Callaghan John , Alvine Greg , Alvine Frank
Published: May 2021

Background:

Between 1984 and 1994, a single surgeon performed 132 primary cementless total ankle replacements using the Agility total arthroplasty system. The purpose of this study was to report on the 20-year follow-up, which we believe is the first study with this length of follow-up.

Methods:

Living patients were contacted and interviewed to determine the status of their implant (revised or unrevised) and to answer a simple questionnaire concerning overall satisfaction, pain, and functional improvement, as in a previous study. Thirty-three (26.2%) patients with 33 (25%) ankles of the original series were alive at a minimum of 20 years postoperatively, with a median follow-up of 22 years. They were asked to return to the office for standing anteroposterior and lateral ankle and foot radiographs or to send these radiographs if performed elsewhere. Radiographs were evaluated for radiolucencies around the components and subsidence (talar component) or migration (tibial component) of components.

Results:

Seventeen (13.5%) ankles of the 126 available for follow-up, including 5 (15.2%) ankles in living patients, had undergone revision ( n = 10) or arthrodesis ( n = 7) for loosening. One additional ankle was revised for infection and 1 for talar component malposition; thus, 19 (15.1%) ankles were revised.

Conclusion:

These results should provide a 20-year benchmark for newer total ankle arthroplasty designs when a similar length of follow-up becomes available.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Relationship Between Postoperative Complications and the Prognosis of Gastric Carcinoma Patients Who Underwent Surgical Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Guofeng , Wang Jun , Chen Kaibo , Kang Muxing , Zhang Hang , Jin Xiaoli , Lin Lele , Chen Jian
Published: May 2021

Background:

Whether the presence of postoperative complications was associated with poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma (GC) patients remain controversial. This meta-analysis was designed and reported to compare the survival difference between patients with complications and non-complications.

Methods:

Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase databases were comprehensively searched for published literatures to review current evidence on this topic. The survival data were extracted, and a random-effect or fixed-effect model was used to analyze the correlation between postoperative complications and oncologic outcome of GC patients.

Results:

Of all studies identified, 32 were eligible for this pooled analysis, with a total of 32,067 GC patients. The incidence of postoperative complications was approximately 12.5% to 51.0%. Among them, infectious complications varied from 3.0% to 28.6%, anastomotic leakage varied from 1.1% to 8.7% and postoperative pneumonia varied from 1.6% to 12.8%. The presence of postoperative complications resulted in a significant poorer overall survival (OS) of gastric carcinoma patients (hazard ratio [HR]:1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-1.67, P < 0.001). Additionally, the pooled results showed a significant correlation between infectious complications and decreased OS (HR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.38-1.88, P < 0.001). Concerning specific postoperative complications, we found that both anastomotic leakage (HR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.62-3.42, P < 0.001) and postoperative pneumonia (HR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.22-2.49, P = 0.002) impaired the OS of gastric carcinoma patients.

Conclusion:

Postoperative complications were significantly correlated to recurrence and poor survival in gastric carcinoma patients. To gain a better surgical outcome and long-term oncological outcome, postoperative complications should be minimized as much as possible.
The Role of Presumed Head and Neck Injuries in Emotion Dysregulation Among Community Women With a History of Physical Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Fryc Aleksandra M. , Raudales Alexa M. , Nelson-Aguiar Rebecca R. , Risi Megan M. , Weiss Nicole H.
Published: May 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among women and associated with negative outcomes, including emotion dysregulation. Limited research has examined factors that contribute to emotion dysregulation in this population. This study explores the potential influence of presumed head and neck injuries from IPV on five dimensions of emotion dysregulation. Participants were 352 community women who responded to an online survey. Results of a path analysis indicated that presumed head and neck injuries from IPV were significantly associated with lack of emotional clarity and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing emotions. Findings suggest an association between presumed head and neck injuries from IPV and emotion dysregulation, underscoring the potential need for considering both neurological and psychological factors in the assessment and treatment of emotion dysregulation in this population.
Sexual Violence and Mental Health: An Analysis of the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion Using a Feminist Lens
Authors: McAllister Paige , Vennum Amber
Published: May 2021

Feminist theories describe how women who experience sexual violence often internalize cultural narratives which can lead to self-blame and disconnection. Self-compassion has the potential to provide a buffer against these negative outcomes. This study explored self-compassion as a mediator of the association between experiencing sexual violence and negative mental health outcomes. The sample consisted of 368 undergraduate women. A path analysis revealed that experiencing sexual violence prior to the beginning of the semester was positively associated with self-criticism, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms at the end of the semester directly and indirectly through self-compassion mid-semester. Clinical and research implications are also discussed.
Effect of the lactic acid fermentation by probiotic strains on the sour cherry juice and its bioactive compounds
Authors: Perjéssy Judit , Hegyi Ferenc , Nagy-Gasztonyi Magdolna , Zalán Zsolt
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, demand for products which beyond the overall nutritional value have a feature that protects the consumers health, have increased. Several studies have proved fruit juices can become suitable carrier or medium for probiotic organisms. Therefore the aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of the probiotication of sour cherry juice by lactic acid fermentation with probiotic starter culture. In the fermentation 9 Lactobacillus strains were used and two cultivars of sour cherry as raw material. The pH adjustment and supplement of nutrients were necessary and to reach the recommended probiotic cell count we also investigated the effect of dilution of sour cherry juice. Due to the optimized combination of the pH adjustment, supplementation and dilution, the investigated strains reached the desired 9 log cfu/mL cell density in sour cherry juices, however a significant difference was observed between the number of viable cells of some Lactobacillus strains. In the Újfehértói fürtös sour cherry L. acidophilus La-5 (9.43 log cfu/mL), while in the Petri species L. acidophilus 150 (9.60 log cfu/mL) resulted in the highest probiotic cell number. The lactic acid fermentation can increase the phenolic compounds, but in case of the bioactive compounds significant differences were not general between the strains.
Effect of temperature and soluble solid on Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spore inactivation and quality degradation of pineapple juice
Authors: Evelyn  , Utami Syelvia Putri , Chairul
Published: May 2021

Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores can survive processing temperatures used in the thermal processes of high-acid foods. Therefore, this study investigated the thermal inactivation of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis spores in pineapple juice at different temperatures (85–100°C) and soluble solids (SS, 11–30°Brix). The quality of juices and microbial loads after the thermal treatments during storage at 4 °C for 35 days was then checked. A linear decrease in D-value was observed with increasing temperature of treatment. Furthermore, the D-values determined in pineapple juice were: D90°C=13.2 ± 0.5 mins, D95°C = 6.8 ± 0.9 mins and D100°C = 2.1 ± 1.7 mins for B. subtilis spores, and D85°C = 16.6 ± 0.4 mins, D90°C = 7.6 ± 0.5 mins and D95°C = 3.6 ± 1.5 min, for B. licheniformis. Generally, the susceptibility of the bacteria to soluble solid change was affected by the interaction between temperature, SS and strain. In addition, pasteurization processes of ≥95°C for ≥33.8 mins was needed to ensure a recommended 5-log reduction of B. subtilis spores and limit vitamin C degradation of pineapple juice within three-week of storage at 4 °C.
Chinese Americans’ Family History of Colorectal Cancer Communication With Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Yeh Yu-Lyu , Li Ming , Kwok Oi-Man , Ma Ping , Chen Lei-Shih
Published: May 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer for Chinese Americans. Family history (FH) plays an important role in clinical practice for CRC prevention. Nevertheless, Chinese Americans’ FH of CRC communication with primary care physicians (PCPs) are still unknown.

Aims

This study examined Chinese Americans’ behavior and the underlying psychological factors for FH of CRC communication with PCPs.

Method

A total number of 742 Chinese Americans completed a survey developed based on the health belief model, the theory of planned behavior, and the social cognitive theory. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results

Majority of the Chinese American participants (75.3%) had never discussed FH of CRC with their PCPs. Lack of inquiries from the PCPs was the main barrier. Structural equation modeling results suggested a good model fit between our theoretical model and the survey data (comparative fit index [CFI] = .946, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .070, and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .020). Participants’ FH of CRC communication with PCPs was positively associated with their intention (β = .30, p < .001), which was positively correlated to attitudes (β = .29, p < .001) and self-efficacy in discussing FH of CRC with PCPs (β = .57, p < .001). Their attitudes were positively associated with perceived susceptibility to CRC (β = .08, p < .05) and the perceived benefits of communicating FH of CRC (β = .52, p < .001).

Conclusions

Given that most Chinese Americans in this study did not communicate their FH of CRC with their PCPs, it is important to promote such behavior among Chinese Americans. Our structural equation modeling findings can guide future interventions and education for this underserved racial/ethnic minority group.