bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da Estabilidade, Segurança, Eficácia e Aceitação do Produto “Creme Protetor para a Pele Luva Química Grupo 3 Regeneração”
Authors: Barbosa Nathalia P. , Lopes Giselle V. G. , Moreira Patrícia de A. , Carvalho Adriana A. de , Almeida Christiane S.
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a estabilidade, a segurança e a eficácia de um cremeprotetor para as mãos em aerossol, a fim de verificar se o produto apresenta todas ascaracterísticas necessárias para ser apresentado ao mercado consumidor e se atendeaos requisitos técnicos para ser validado pelo Ministério do Trabalho e ainda, se ainovação proposta em formulação aerossol melhora a utilização do produto. Os ensaioscomprovaram que o Creme Protetor não é alergênico, não é irritante, é classificadocomo Grupo 3, e ainda apresenta as características necessárias para ser apresentado aomercado consumidor.
Estudo da Primeira Camada de Solvatação do Íon Lítio no Solvente Dimetilcarbonato em Baterias Recarregáveis por Dinâmica Molecular de Car-Parrinello
Authors: Aguiar Antonio S. N. , Oliveria Solemar S.
Published: September 2019

Neste trabalho, foi estudada a estrutura conformacional da primeira camada de solvatação do íon-lítio em dimetilcarbonato, um dos solventes presentes nestas baterias, através de uma simulação em Dinâmica Molecular de Car-Parrinelo, cujo sistema molecular foi construído através do software HyperChem 7.5, previamente otimizado com o auxílio de pacote de programas Gaussian 2003, utilizando o conjunto de base 6-31G* e o funcional de correlação e troca B3LYP. A dinâmica molecular de Car-Parrinello foi realizada com o auxílio do pacote de programas Quantum-ESPRESSO, em que foi atribuído um parâmetro de massa fictícia igual a 300 u.a., com uma massa de corte de 2,5 Ry. Foi utilizado o conjunto de base de ondas planas com uma energia cinética de corte de 40 Ry para as ondas planas e o funcional de correlação e troca utilizado, foi BLYP. Foram, também, utilizados pseudopotenciais ultrasoft de Vanderbilt e a minimização da energia do sistema foi realizada através dos algoritmos Steepest Descent, Damp e Conjugate Gradient, e a integração das equações de movimento, pelo algoritmo Verlet.
Geração de conhecimento na área da saúde humana
Authors: Tatsch Ana Lúcia , Botelho Marisa dos Reis Azevedo , Ruffoni Janaina , Horn Lara Stumpf
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho contribui para a caracterização dos processos de geração de conhecimento e inovação na área da saúde humana em países emergentes, como o Brasil. O objetivo é examinar as interações estabelecidas entre as universidades, a partir de seus grupos de pesquisa, e outras organizações. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória junto a cinco grupos de pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Dados secundários a respeito dos grupos de pesquisa foram também utilizados. Conclui-se que equipes multidisciplinares de pesquisadores qualificam o processo de geração de conhecimento e inovações; hospital-escola é ator-chave; pacientes são relevantes no estabelecimento de interações e construção de conhecimento pelos grupos; outros pesquisadores de centros de pesquisa ou universidades do Brasil e do exterior participam do processo de geração de conhecimento; empresas industriais têm pouca ou nenhuma presença nas interações estabelecidas; existe desconexão entre produção científica e tecnológica. Essas características corroboram outros achados já divulgados na literatura acadêmica.
“Granito Azul Sucuru”
Authors: Cavalcanti Lúcio Flávio Moreira , Oliveira Felisbela Maria Costa , Melo Evenildo Bezerra , Fernandes Amanda C. , Santos Almany Costa
Published: September 2019

A preocupação ambiental tem se tornado comum nas empresas de mineração que buscam conciliar o desenvolvimento frente às questões de sustentabilidade. Diante disso, busca-se apresentar possibilidades de um melhor aproveitamento dos rejeitos do Granito Sucuru, cuja jazida encontra-se desativada, situada na região do Cariri Paraibano, principalmente nos municípios de Serra Branca e Sumé. O objetivo dessa proposta é o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva da região analisada e preservação do ambiente. A pesquisa do campo ambiental e da mineralogia das rochas industriais abrangeu a observação direta da área analisada, a pesquisa bibliográfica voltada aos estudos ambientais e a sua possível interface com os estudos das aplicações de rochas industriais para a construção civil, inclusive os ensaios laboratoriais, que analisaram os índices físicos, granulometria do material pétreo disponível, investigações de microscopia em seções delgadas e também em grãos, complementados por análises de difratometria de raios X. Portanto, com este estudo é possível o vislumbre de uma melhor viabilidade econômica e ambiental da área estudada, na qual os rejeitos possam ser aproveitados sob a forma de brita e argamassa para a indústria, além de serem usados na forma de rocha ornamental aplicável em revestimentos internos e/ou externos.
Geolodactica, desafíos para renovar la enseñanza de la Geología
Authors: Lacreu Héctor Luis
Published: September 2019

Se analizan algunos problemas derivados de la reducción curricular de contenidos geológicos, del desinterés de aprendizaje por parte de los alumnos y del temor de los docentes para interpretar los afloramientos geológicos. Se sugiere la existencia de una praxis docente confusa debida un deslizamiento epistemológico, reflejado en cierto mimetismo entre la didáctica de la Geología y la de las ciencias experimentales y también, en la adopción de métodos geodidácticos, típicos de la Geografía. Se propone el desafío de constituir a la Geolodáctica como campo científico orientado a la investigación sobre la didáctica y la transposición didáctica de la Geología. Se espera que los objetos de investigación geológica tales como: rocas, minerales, estructuras y geoformas, dejen de constituir objetivos de aprendizaje aislados y adquieran mayor sentido como “evidencia histórico-geológica”. Así, la Geolodáctica pondrá énfasis en la construcción de la historia de los paisajes geológicos, de los recursos y de los riesgos geológicos del lugar natal. De este modo, contribuirá con la formación de ciudadanos mediante una adecuada articulación entre los temas geológicos y políticos. En un sentido “bourdiano”, constituirá un ámbito de poder donde los geolodactas habrán de disputar la identidad y el protagonismo de la Geología, tanto en la enseñanza de las Geociencias como en las comunidades científicas de las Ciencias Naturales.
The International Earth Science Olympiad as a tool to enhance the profile and quality of earth science education
Authors: Shankar Rajasekhariah
Published: September 2019

The International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO) is a relatively new international science olympiad, having begun in 2007. Be-sides the usual written and practical tests, co-operative activities like the International Field Team Investigation (ITFI) and Earth System Project (ESP) are special and exclusive to IESO. Two problems that are unique to Earth Science education are the lack of visibility and the quality of teaching of Earth Science. In recent years, the International Geoscience Education Organisation has brought in sweeping changes in the way IESO testing is done. This paper summarises how IESO has contributed to enhanc-ing the profile and visibility and the quality of earth science education: Through national level entrance test and National Earth Science Olympiad; through publicity regarding the entrance test and related Olympiad activities; through workshops during and between IESO’s; through Mentors and Observers; through the International Team Field Investigation (ITFI) and Earth System Project (ESP); and through hosting IESO. However, efforts have to be made to further increase the impact of IESO on the quali-ty of Earth Science education by several means, including having more countries to participate in IESO.
The Legislative Framework for Working Conditions in the Dutch Ready-Made Garment Sector
Authors: Foort-Diepeveen Rosalien A. van ‘t
Published: September 2019

This article sets out the legislative framework with regard to labour law provisions concerning working conditions that apply to Dutch employers and employees operating and working in the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in the Netherlands and discusses the challenges that employees may face in the sector. More specifically, this article will focus on the challenges and law applicable to the retail phase and recycling phase in the supply chain of a pair of jeans and a white T-shirt. In this respect, an overview of the labour law provisions will be presented that protect a safe working environment for employees working in the sector. Dutch law contains many provisions concerning the protection of employees against poor working conditions. Among others, employers are obliged to maintain a safe working environment and reasonable working hours for their employees. Dutch labour legislation only applies to employees working in the Netherlands and therefore is of little relevance to the manufacturing phase of the RMG supply chain, which takes place abroad. However, several public and private initiatives were taken to stimulate Dutch clothing brands to exert an influence on the working conditions in the RMG producing countries. Two of these initiatives will be discussed in this article. Furthermore, this article will present which social challenges employees may face in the Dutch RMG sector, which comprise gender inequality, including equal pay and equal opportunities to occupy top management positions and co-determination rights.
Seramik Yüzeylerde Dijital Baskı Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZGÜVEN Sanver
Published: September 2019

İnsanoğlunun binlerce yıldır devam eden seramik ile ilişkisi, son on yılda çok farklı bir noktaya

ulaşmıştır. Dijital teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan yeni biçimlendirme teknikleri,

sanatçılara ve tasarımcılara, kendilerini ifade etmede yeni olanaklar sağlamıştır. Lazer yazıcılarda

bulunan demir oksit ve seramik tonerlerin kullanımı ile birlikte, bilgisayar ortamında tasarlanan

görseller, çıkartma kağıtları kullanılarak sırlı seramik yüzeylere aktarılabilmektedir. Dijital

ortamda oluşturulan görsellerin seramik yüzeylere aktarılması iki farklı teknik kullanılarak

mümkün olmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi lazer baskı olarak bilinen içerisinde demir oksit

barındıran siyah tonerlerin kullanılması ile olmaktadır. Diğer yöntem ise yüksek ısıya dayanıklı

seramik tonerlerin kullanılması ile gerçekleştirilir.

Bu makalede seramik sanatında bu baskı tekniklerini kullanan sanatçılara ve eserlerinden

bazılarına yer verilmiş, ayrıca bu tekniklerin süreçleri ile ilgili açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Eser

görselleri üzerinden yapılan yorumlar ile birlikte, dijital baskı tekniklerinin süreçleri de aşamaları

ile birlikte görselleştirilmiştir. 
Beste ve İcra İlişkisi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz: İki Sûzinâk Şarkı
Authors: ŞAHİN Nevin
Published: September 2019

Türk Müziğinde, özellikle saz müziği bestekârlarının eserleri ele alınarak, bestecilik yaklaşımları
üzerine kapsamlı çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmaların ortak özelliği, bir bestekârın yaşam
öyküsü ve bestelerinin ele alınıp monografi niteliğinde irdelenmesidir. Ancak aynı dönemde eser
vermiş olan bestecilerin üretimlerindeki ortaklıklar, Türk Müziğinde teorik çalışmalar kapsamında
yoğunlukla incelenmemiştir. Beste ve icra ilişkisi üzerine böyle bir karşılaştırma yapmak amacıyla
bu çalışmada 20. yüzyıl şarkı besteciliğine odaklanılmıştır. Yaşam öyküleri paralellikler barındıran
iki bestekâr olan Sadettin Kaynak ve Gavsi Baykara’nın birbirine müzikal yapı itibarıyla çok
benzeyen, ancak biri çok sık icra edilirken biri nadiren icra edilen, Sûzinâk makamındaki iki eseri
karşılaştırılmıştır. Form, usûl ve anlatı boyutlarıyla gerçekleştirilen analiz, benzer eserlerin farklı
icra tercihlerine maruz kalmasını teorik açıdan değerlendirmektedir. Ele alınan dar örneklemin
bulguları ışığında, Türk Müziğinde bestecilik yaklaşımlarının incelenmesine yönelik daha geniş
kapsamlı analizlerde dikkate alınabilecek öneriler sunulmaktadır.
Cam ve Renk
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Fatma , AĞATEKİN Mustafa
Published: September 2019

Bu araştırma camın plastik ifade olanaklarına ilişkin rengin cam sanatındaki kullanımlarının

izini sürerken, camda renk ve anlatım ilişkisini inceleyerek bunu kullanan sanatçılara yer

vermektedir. Rengin biçime yüklediği anlamlar dünyada cam malzemesini kullanan sanatçılar

kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

İlk bölümde teknik açıdan camda renk olanaklarına değinilmiş, sanatçıların camı nasıl

kullandıklarından örnekler verilerek teknik detaylara değinilmiştir. Renkle ilgili camın transparan

yapısı göz önüne alınarak yapılan araştırmalara değinilmiş, ışık ve renk birlikteliğinin izi

sürülmüştür. Anlatımda bu özellikleri kullanan sanatçıların eserleri üzerinden örnekler

verilmiştir. Çizgisel ifade olanakları çerçevesinde neon uygulamaları ve roll-up tekniği kullanan

sanatçıların biçim araştırmaları eser örnekleri eşliğinde sunulmuştur. Kompozisyonlarında rengi

anlamın taşıyıcısı olarak kullanan sanatçılara yer verilmiş, rengi monokrom kullanan sanatçılara

da değinilmiştir. 
Leaving-But Not Yet Left: A Rejection of the Perception ‘God’s Waiting Room’ in Favour of Humanistic Residential Aged Care
Authors: Seedsman Terence , Seedsman Belinda
Published: September 2019

Background: Healthcare systems worldwide will be increasingly challenged to meet the complex needs of aging populations. In particular, the operation of residential aged care facilities will require improved surveillance and monitoring to ensure that quality assurance systems are in place that support holistic and humane care of all aged care residents.Objectives: To undertake a selected literature search including a focus on Australian based case studies with the intention of a) developing a philosophical orientation towards improving awareness and understandings among policy makers and residential aged care workers to transform residential aged care into an environment that protects human rights b) drawing attention to how the adoption of an attitude that sees aged care recipients as having left while still living has the potential to create a minimalist approach to care and c) highlighting the need for emotionally intelligent leadership as a core component for establishing, facilitating and coordinating the delivery of quality assurance systems in residential aged care.Methodology: This is not a quantitative study but one essentially focused on offering a professional perspective on residential aged care resulting from a reading of selected literature and the combined existential experiences and understandings of both authors. The preceding approach provided the groundwork for presenting a case for honouring human rights in tune with the adoption of a substantive philosophy for the overall operation of residential age care facilities.Conclusion: While entry into residential aged care can be seen to represent the final chapter in an older person’s life, there remains the ever-present mandate for formal caregivers to not stray from the moral obligations associated with ‘ethical caregiving’.
Bioelectricity Potential through Plant Microbial Fuel Cell System Using by Cynodon dactylon (Dooba ghas)
Authors: Jawre Atit , Chauhan Priyanshi , Patel Anket , Prajapati Hari , Sandhu Sardul Singh
Published: September 2019

In these times electricity is big trouble of problem facing by the world. Therefore, there is necessitating for the property basis of energy that is employed for as bio-electricity. Many of the scientists and researchers are trying to find out the sustainable energy generates with the help of plant microbial fuel cell. Plant microbial fuel cell (P-MFCs) could be feasibility technology approach of bio-electricity generation which is mutualism interaction of the plants along with their rhizospheric bacteria. In the present study, Plant-microbial fuel cell was observed in grass e-table evaluated in term of bioelectricity generation from Cynodon dactylon (Dooba Ghas). This e-table was connected with electrode and different condition (physical and chemical) to detect the change in bioelectric potential. It was found that maximum voltage generated among all the conditions was 4.24 ±2V at 15 days by using Cynodon dactylon through P-MFCs. The potential difference generated through P-MFCs was measured using a multimeter. The generation of bioelectricity was observed under different conditions like exposure to light and shade condition measured for voltage was found to be significantly different parameters. The maximum recorded under light and shade conditions were 3.82 ±2 V and 4.25 ±2 V respectively at 15 days of incubation.
A Karakteristik Pengunjung Obyek Wisata Di Kawasan Danau Rawa Pening (Kasus Kecamatan Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Syahputri Deasyka Milna
Published: September 2019

Abstract

More comprehensive plan is needed in order to utilize natural resources as ecotourism development in the perspective of tourism society based, both in the provision of supporting facilities  for tourism, the government cooperations and the private sector, also the society based on its potencial. So that the area became an attractive tourist destination. This research aims to find out the characteristics of tourists at Rawa Pening Lake. This research used descriptive quantitative method, the population of this study were the visitors of tourism objects around Rawa Pening, by using a sampling technique, produced 345 research respondents. The results  show the characteristics of tourists on tourism objects in the Rawa Pening area. The knowledge of these characteristics can maximize the packaging and embodiment of facilities as supporting factors,include transportation services, accommodation, restaurants, shopping centers, networks banking, security facilities, and the other public facilities provided by tourism stakeholders to support all the tourism activities.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Single Page Application (SPA) dalam Pembuatan Aplikasi Feedback Dosen dari Mahasiswa Sebagai Bentuk Pengawasan Lembaga Terhadap Kinerja Dosen di Bidang Pengajaran
Authors: Wibowo Achmad Teguh , Wiguna Anggri Sartika
Published: September 2019

Feedback mahasiswa untuk dosen dalam bidang pengajaran sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja universitas dalam manjalankan proses bisnisnya. Universitas sebagai lembaga pendidikan tidak lepas dari bidang pengajaran, bidang ini sangat berpengaruh karena dengan pengajaran yang baik maka bisa didapatkan lulusan yang kompeten dan bermanfaat untuk kemajuan bangsa. Pemanfaatan teknologi single page application(SPA) untuk pembuatan aplikasi feedback merupakan bentuk kepedulian universitas terhadap bidang pengajaran yang dilakukan, teknologi ini sangat berbeda dengan teknologi model view controller (MVC) yang sudah mulai ditinggalkan. SPA mempunyai kelebihan yaitu lebih ringan dalam sisi server karena cara kerjannya tidak lagi menggunakan dua bahasa (client side dan server side) dalam memproses data dan menampilkan ke monitor, melainkan menggunakan satu bahasa yaitu javascript dalam menangani semuanya. Otomatis server tidak terlalu banyak membutuhkan resource lebih untuk menjalankan aplikasi ini. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini maka tujuan dari universitas untuk memberikan pengajaran yang maksimal ke mahasiswa dan penggunaan resource komputer yang minimal dapat tercapai.
Identidade Organizacional
Authors: Resende Rommel Gomes , Demo Gisela , Nascimento Thiago Gomes
Published: September 2019

Ainda que relativamente novo no universo científico, o tema Identidade Organizacional (IO) tem despertado interesse de pesquisadores nos contextos internacional e nacional. A importância da IO é corroborada pelo reconhecimento do construto como fator-chave para compreensão de diversos aspectos relacionados à gestão das organizações (HE; BROWN, 2013). A presente pesquisa busca contribuir com o amadurecimento da construção teórica relativa à IO, por meio da revisão bibliométrica de artigos publicados no período de 2001 a 2017 em periódicos nacionais de administração e psicologia de primeira linha (Qualis≥B2). A bibliometria apontou a prevalência de estudos empíricos e qualitativos, focados no setor privado, tendo a entrevista como principal método de coleta de dados e a análise de conteúdo como técnica mais utilizada para a análise dos dados. Em linhas gerais, os resultados desvelaram os itinerários da produção acadêmica nacional, que sugere novos olhares e diferentes possibilidades de estudos acerca do tema.
Comunicação e Sustentabilidade: O desenrolar da narrativa de sustentabilidade no contexto organizacional
Authors: Tomiotto Maria Fernanda , Gallassi Juliana Nakamura , Marchiori Marlene , Munck Luciano
Published: September 2019

A sustentabilidade resultante de um processo interativo, pautado nas pessoas e suas narrativas, impacta o comportamento organizacional em contextos e espaços-temporais distintos. Este artigo avança ao estudar este fenômeno a partir da perspectiva da comunicação. Com olhar processual e dinâmico, no qual propõe-se a consideração de diferentes visões e inspirações para construção de novos sentidos, questiona-se: de quais maneiras as narrativas da sustentabilidade se manifestaram em uma empresa reconhecida como sustentável? Com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e documental, a unidade de análise, Itaipu Binacional, foi estudada tendo como técnica a análise das narrativas. Buscou-se respostas nas articulações e movimentos registrados nos documentos que contribuíram para a construção da narrativa da sustentabilidade na organização. Identificou-se três momentos que manifestam a narrativa da sustentabilidade organizacional, discutidos ao longo do trabalho. Apesar das peculiaridades em cada período, identificou-se a predominância de uma orientação para sustentabilidade alinhada a reforma.
Distance metrics for genome-scale metabolic models
Authors: Cabbia Andrea , Hilbers Peter A.J. , Riel Natal A.W. van
Published: September 2019

Background: Due to algorithmic advancements and to the availability of experimental datasets, large
collections of genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) can nowadays be generated automatically.
Nevertheless, few tools are available to efficiently analyze such large sets of models, for example to study the
link between genetic and metabolic heterogeneity. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms use the distance between
data points to find patterns in large datasets. A method to determine distance between genome-scale
metabolic models was thus necessary to apply ML to large model sets. We address this issue considering three
levels of model representation, and defining for each of them a different distance metric: Jaccard metric for
metabolic reconstructions, graph kernels for network graph topology and cosine similarity between flux
distributions for constraint-based models. We employed two benchmark datasets, each containing hundreds of
metabolic models, to compare the different metrics: the first is composed of 100 human genome-scale models
developed from proteomics data of four different cancer tissues, while the second contains more than 800
models of bacterial species inhabiting the human gut and was developed from metagenomic data.

Results: Metrics based on the overlap of reactions content (Jaccard) and on network similarity (graph kernels)
achieve remarkably similar performances in clustering and classification tasks. Phylogenetic trees built on these
two metrics have the same distance from a reference taxonomy, even if the trees themselves are different from
each other. Mantel test shows high correlation between distance matrices built with Jaccard and network
similarity metrics.

Conclusions: We expand the concept of distance between metabolic models, highlighting new properties of
the Jaccard metric such as its correlation with network similarity and function. We show how distance metrics
enable the application of machine learning algorithms to genome-scale metabolic models, enabling efficient
pattern recognition in large model sets.
Comprehensive study on importance of feature selection methods to predict cancer tumor types
Authors: Battineni Gopi , Amenta Francesco , Chintalapudi Nalini
Published: September 2019

Background: Predictions on cancer development were getting better through Machine Learning (ML) methods compared to pathologists. This study is aim to develop a ML model based feature selection methodology to get accurately predict the breast cancers
Methods: We consider database of 569 breast cancer cases and diagnosed with 212 malignant and 357 benign and this study adopt with logistic regression (LR) ML type that had done with total feature set and selective feature set.
Results: Outcomes produces cancer prediction accuracy 90.86% with total features and 93.84% with selective features. In addition, we validated the results with Area under Curve (AUC) for the selective feature set Receiver Optimistic curve (ROC) curve is greater (99.8%) than AUC for the total feature set ROC (96.2%). In precise, LR model did accurate tumor classification with selective features.
Conclusions: It is very important to address issues of cancer tumor classifications by ML and it will help pathologists to provide preventive care for the patients. However, it is important to involve other features of cancer in order to understand the further causes and decision-making process that should be help in much accurately classified.
One in every four women living with HIV had unmet need for family planning in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassie Mihret Dejen , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Handebo Simegnew
Published: September 2019

Background

All women, including those living with HIV, have the right to choose the timing, spacing, and number of their births and need access to family planning services.Objective

To assess the prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for family planning among women attending Anti retro viral Therapy (ART).Methods

Facility-based cross sectional study was conducted from March, to April, 2018 in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit respondents. A total of 441 reproductive age women on ART were included in the study. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariate and backward multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unmet need for family planning. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval was computed.Results

The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 24.5% (95% CI: 20.4-28.8). Rural residence (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI (1.02, 4.36)), women aged 20-29 years (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI (0.09, 0.93)), 30-34 years (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI (0.10, 0.92)), 35-39 years (AOR: 0.14, 95% CI (0.04, 0.45)), and above 40 years (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI (0.02, 0.38)), have more than three children (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI (0.04, 0.36)), intention to have more children (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI (0.03, 0.23)), who did not disclose their sero-status to partner (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI (0.19, 0.81)), having no experience of contraception use (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI (0.21, 0.92)) were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.Conclusion

One in every four women living with HIV had unmet need for family planning. Rural residence, age of the women, having >3 children, intention to have more children, not disclosing sero-status to partner, and having no experience of contraception use were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.
Clinical efficacy of irinotecan plus raltitrexed chemotherapy in refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Min , Jia Qingqing , Wang Xiaolin , Sun Changjiang , Yang Jianqi , Chen Yanliang , Li Ying , Min Lingfeng , Zhang Xizhi , Zhu Caiyun , Gubat Johannes Artiaga , Chen Yong
Published: September 2019

Background: The optimal chemotherapy regimen for refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer patients is uncertain. Our retrospective study assessed the efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus raltitrexed in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who were previously treated with multiple systemic therapies. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2018, records of 38 esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who underwent irinotecan plus raltitrexed chemotherapy after at least one line of chemotherapy were reviewed. Efficacy assessment was performed every two cycles according to the RECIST version 1.1. Results: A total of 95 cycles of chemotherapy were administered, and the median course was 3 (range 2–6). There was no treatment-related death. Nine patients had partial response, 21 had stable disease and 8 had progressive disease. The overall objective response rate was 23.68% (9/38) and the disease control rate was78.94% (30/38). After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 105 days and 221 days respectively. There were 5 patients (13.15%) with grade 3/4 leukopenia, 3 patients (7.89%) with grade 3/4 neutropenia and 1 patient (2.63%) with grade 3/4 diarrhea. Conclusions: The combination of irinotecan plus raltitrexed was effective for pretreated esophageal squamous cell cancer patients. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of the two drugs.
In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities of Echinops kebericho root extract
Authors: Abdeta Debela , Kebede Nigatu , Giday Mirutse , Terefe Getachew , Abay Solomon Mequanente
Published: September 2019

Objective: Microbial resistance to the few conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides, lack of effective vaccines and adverse effects of the existing antitrypanosomal drugs justifies the urgent need for effective, tolerable and affordable drugs. We assessed antitrypanosomal effect of hydromethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin roots against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight and rectal temperature in Swiss albino mice were assessed. This finding is part of the outcomes of drug discovery research for neglected tropical diseases.
Result: The extract ceased motility of the trypanosomes within 40 min at 4 and 2 mg/ml concentration whereas in the untreated control motility continued for more than 160 min. The extract also reduced parasitemia, prevented drop in PCV and body weight significantly (p<0.05), as compared to control. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpines, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and alkaloids. It is observed that this extract has activity against the parasite. Isolation and purification of specific compounds are required to identify hit compounds responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity of the studied medicinal plant.
A comprehensive analysis of the polygalacturonase family of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) shed light on important genes affecting pollen development and anther dehiscence
Authors: Ye Jiali , Yang Xuetong , Li Wei , Liu Qi , Niu Fuqiang , Chen Yanru , Zhang Lingli , Song Xiyue
Published: September 2019

Background: Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases that undertake many important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development by degrading pectin. The specific expression of PG genes in pollen may have great significance for plant male sterile research and hybrid wheat breeding. However, it has not been reported in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.).
Results: Therefore, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. A total of 113 PGs were identified and renamed as TaPG01 - 113 based on their position on the chromosome. They were unequally distributed on 21 chromosomes and were classified into six categories of A-F. Analysis of gene structures and conserved motifs revealed that the TaPGs of Class C and D had relatively short gene sequences and a small number of introns, and Class E TaPGs were the least conserved and all members did not have III conserved domain. Segmental duplication has been shown to be one of the major drivers of the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. The cis-element predictions indicate that wheat PGs had a wide range of functions, including response to light, hypothermia, anaerobic and hormonal stimulation, and also involved in meristematic tissue expression. In addition, twelve spike-specific expressions of TaPGs were screened using RNA-seq data, and finally three important genes were identified by expression analysis in the sterile and fertile anthers of thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat. TaPG93 was involved in the pollen development and elongation of pollen tubes, and TaPG87 and TaPG95 played important roles in the separation of pollen grains and the cracking of anthers dehiscence.
Conclusions: This study, we performed a thorough analysis of the wheat PG gene family and finally obtained three TaPGs that affect wheat fertility. This will lay a solid foundation for the function exploration of wheat PG gene family and provide new enlightenment for the fertility conversion mechanism of male sterile wheat.
Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages and caries levels in Shandong, China and guidance for dental health education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zhang meng , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Yuan , Li Yanan , Shao Chunchun , Xiong Shijiang , Lan Jing , Wang Zhifeng
Published: September 2019

Background

Dental health education (DHE) plays a vital role in the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). There are a large number of studies on ECC risk factor assessment to enrich the content of DHE, but such research rarely provides some guidance and assistance for the design and optimization of DHE strategies. Therefore, this study aims to improve this information by analyzing risk factors at different ages and caries levels.Methods

The children aged 3-5-year-old was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their oral condition was evaluated according to WHO criteria. Simultaneously, a questionnaire containing the oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) was completed by guardians. Chi-square test and regression analysis were performed to analyze the ECC difference of KAP variables in different grouping methods, and to construct models to assess the risk factors.Results

A total of 1301 children’s data were included for statistical analysis. Caries prevalence was 64.6%, the dmft mean was 3.15. Independent associations with increased risk for ECC were age, some KAP variables related to feeding, sugar consumption, and brushing ( P =0.000 based on multivariable regression analysis). 3-year-old group were primarily associated with some KA variables ( P =0.000). As children grow up, practice variables became the main risk factor (4- and 5-year old age group model: P=0.014 and 0.000). And more practice variables were independently associated with the severe-caries-group than mild-caries-group (P=0.000).Conclusion

This survey demonstrates that the ECC-related risk factors in different ages and different caries levels are different, which will facilitate us to design more personalized and strategic DHE content.
Predicting Pre‐harvest Forage Nutritive Value of Spring and Summer Growth of Alfalfa–Grass Mixtures
Authors: Wood Shane , Seguin Philippe , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Bélanger Gilles , Lajeunesse Julie , Martel Huguette , Berthiaume Robert , St. Luce Mervin , Claessens Annie
Published: September 2019

Currently available regression equations developed to predict pre‐harvest nutritive attributes from simple field measurements taken in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–grass mixtures can help producers determine when to best harvest their forages but they are applicable to only spring growth. Our objective was to develop and validate predictive equations of pre‐harvest forage nutritive attributes of mixed alfalfa–grass stands for the spring and first summer growth cycles. Forage samples (n = 1856) were collected in 2015 and 2016 from three research sites in Quebec, Canada, and used to develop predictive equations that were then validated using samples (n = 315) collected on commercial farms across Quebec and compared to equations previously developed in New York State for use during spring growth. For newly developed equations with two to four field measurements, R2 ranged from 0.70 to 0.84. The best equation developed to estimate a neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable α‐amylase and corrected for the ash content of the residue (aNDFom) had an R2 of 0.82 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 29.3 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). Some equations can be used to predict aNDFom concentration and the relative feed value of samples from commercial farms, but only if alfalfa proportion can be precisely determined. Locally developed equations resulted in better predictions than equations developed only for spring growth in New York State. Forage producers now have access to a tool to predict the pre‐harvest nutritive value of their forages for two growth cycles.

Core Ideas

Predictive equations can help producers determine when to harvest their forage fields.

Equations developed can predict nutritive value of alfalfa‐grass stands for the spring and first summer growth cycles.

Alfalfa proportion must be precisely determined for equations to yield reliable results.
Effects of Biochar and Manure Applications on Soil Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Two Different Soils
Authors: Abagandura Gandura Omar , Chintala Rajesh , Sandhu Saroop S. , Kumar Sandeep , Schumacher Thomas E.
Published: September 2019

Although past research suggested that biochar has the potential to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), studies investigating how biochar affects GHG emissions from different soil types under field conditions are limited. Furthermore, limited knowledge exists on how interactions between biochar and manure affect GHG emissions from different soils. This field study, conducted in Brookings, SD, in 2013, 2014, and 2015, measured the soil surface GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from sandy loam (SLsoil) and clay loam (CLsoil) soils. Six treatments—three biochar materials (produced from corn [Zea mays L.] stover, pinewood [Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson], and switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.]), manure, a mixture of manure and biochar, and the control (no amendment)—were applied to both soils at 10 Mg ha−1. The GHG fluxes were measured over the 2013, 2014, and 2015 growing seasons using static chamber. Biochars reduced cumulative CO2 flux compared with the control in the SLsoil in 2014 and 2015. For the CLsoil, biochars increased the cumulative CO2 flux in 2013, but emitted similar cumulative CO2 flux as the control in 2014 and 2015. Biochars reduced cumulative N2O fluxes compared with the control in all years from the SLsoil only. Combining biochar with manure decreased cumulative CO2 and N2O fluxes compared with manure alone in the SLsoil only. Biochar and manure did not affect cumulative CH4 flux in either soils. Overall, the use of biochar can mitigate CO2 and N2O emissions from the sandy loam soil, but not from the clay loam soil. However, higher rates of biochar (>10 Mg ha−1) application and long‐term monitoring are required to evaluate the effect of biochar on soil surface GHG emissions.

Core Ideas

Biochars reduced CO2 and N2O fluxes compared with the control in the sandy loam soil.

Biochars and manure did not affect CH4 flux in either soils.

Biochar + manure reduced CO2 flux compared with manure in the sandy loam soil.

The N2O flux was reduced by biochar + manure compared with manure in the sandy loam soil.

The 10 Mg ha−1 biochar did not mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the clay loam soil.
Predicting Cool‐Season Turfgrass Response with Solvita Soil Tests, Part 2: CO2–Burst Carbon Concentrations
Authors: Moore David B. , Guillard Karl , Morris Thomas F. , Brinton William F.
Published: September 2019

Current turfgrass fertilizer recommendations do not account for plant‐available soil N mineralized from labile C fractions. The Solvita Soil CO2–Burst (SSCB) test can measure mineralizable C via soil CO2 respiration. This study was conducted across 3 yr (2014–2016) in Connecticut to determine: (i) if SSCB–C concentrations are correlated to responses from predominately Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] lawns, and (ii) the probability of turfgrass responses being equal to or greater than responses from common urea rates in relation to SSCB–C concentrations. Randomized complete block design field experiments were set out with 23 rates of organic fertilizer (0–2000 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and four different rates of urea (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Yearly spring soil samples were analyzed for SSCB–C concentrations and correlated with turfgrass responses. Growth and quality responded positively and linearly (P < 0.001) to SSCB–C concentrations, but variability was high and correlations were relatively weak. When spring soil SSCB–C concentrations were ≥91, 113, 166, and 211 mg kg−1, there was a ≥90% probability that overall combined responses across species and variables would be equal to or greater than responses obtained from urea rates of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The SSCB test has promise for predicting the probability of soils supporting turfgrass whose performance equals or exceeds benchmark values. This would be helpful in guiding N fertilization, but high variability within the test may limit its predictive ability.
Rapid Isolation of Loss‐of‐Function Mutations for Dominant Traits: A Case Study Using Photoperiod Sensitivity Trait in Pima Cotton
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Kuraparthy Vasu
Published: September 2019

In its natural state, cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a perennial that flowers only under short‐day conditions. Early selection efforts eliminated this photoperiod requirement, allowing cotton cultivation to shift predominantly to annual growth under long summer daylengths throughout the world. Photoperiod sensitivity persists in many wild cottons and remains a major barrier to the introgression of beneficial alleles into elite breeding material. Identification of the variation and genetic factors underlying photoperiod response in cotton is needed to fully harness the genetic diversity of wild cotton and broaden the cultivated germplasm pool. Genetic variants, especially loss‐of‐function mutations in dominant genes conferring photoperiod sensitivity, would be highly valuable in this regard. After mutagenizing pima cotton (G. barbadense L.) seeds heterozygous for the major photoperiod response gene Gb_Ppd1 with γ rays, we identified plants no longer sensitive to photoperiod. Genetic analysis of BC1F1 plants derived from backcrossing the mutants with their photoperiod‐insensitive parent confirmed the loss‐of‐function mutations were allelic with Gb_Ppd1. Characterization of the mutants with molecular markers confirmed that all but one were deletions of Gb_Ppd1. Further, genotyping localized Gb_Ppd1 to a 12‐Mb region on chromosome D10. The newly identified genomic region and loss‐of‐function mutants may help assist with the identification and functional validation of candidate genes for photoperiod response in cotton, facilitating the valuable introgression of genetic diversity into cotton breeding programs.
Quantifying the Damage Potential of the Bermudagrass Stem Maggot
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , Anderson William F. , Hudson William G. , Hancock Dennis W. , Prevatt Christopher G. , Moore Zach
Published: September 2019

Since its 2010 discovery in southern Georgia, the bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM, Atherigona reversura Villenueve) has spread throughout the southeastern United States, damaging bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hayfields and pastures. The objective of this research was to quantify the damage potential of the BSM in terms of forage accumulation, nutritive value, and economic returns from five bermudagrass varieties grown in Tifton, GA. The BSM significantly reduced accumulated forage only from late July to September in each year of this study. This would generally correspond to the third, fourth, and/or fifth harvest of the year for bermudagrass hay producers in the states of the Deep South. When BSM damage affected accumulated forage, crude protein increased while other nutritive value parameters decreased in plots not treated with insecticide. The results indicate that spraying prior to every harvest is not an economical management strategy. Instead, insecticide applications should only be made when significant forage loss is expected (generally from late July to September). Producers should create and implement a strategic integrated pest management plan to manage BSM populations on their farms to ensure positive economic returns and slow the potential resistance of the BSM to pyrethroids by preventing their overuse.
Optimum and Decorrelated Constrained Multistage Linear Phenotypic Selection Indices Theory
Authors: Cerón‐Rojas J. Jesus , Toledo Fernando H. , Crossa Jose
Published: September 2019

Some authors have evaluated the unconstrainedoptimumanddecorrelatedmultistage linear phenotypic selection indices (OMLPSI and DMLPSI, respectively) theory. We extended this index theory to the constrained multistage linear phenotypic selection index context, where we denoted OMLPSI and DMLPSI as OCMLPSI and DCMLPSI, respectively. The OCMLPSI (DCMLPSI) is the most general multistage index and includes the OMLPSI (DMLPSI) as a particular case. The OCMLPSI (DCMLPSI) predicts the individual net genetic merit at different individual ages and allows imposing constraints on the genetic gains to make some traits change their mean values based on a predetermined level, while the rest of them remain without restrictions. The OCMLPSI takes into consideration the index correlation values among stages, whereas the DCMLPSI imposes the restriction that the index correlation values among stages be null. The criteria to evaluate OCMLPSI efficiency vs. DCMLPSI efficiency were that the total response of each index must be lower than or equal to the single‐stage constrained linear phenotypic selection index response and that the expected genetic gain per trait values should be similar to the constraints imposed by the breeder. We used one real and one simulated dataset to validate the efficiency of the indices. The results indicated that OCMLPSI accuracy when predicting the selection response and expected genetic gain per trait was higher than DCMLPSI accuracy when predicting them. Thus, breeders should use the OCMLPSI when making a phenotypic selection.