bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gyermekkori elhízás a szülők oldaláról
Authors: Beke Szilvia , Gombos Anett
Published: July 2023

Napjaink egyik központi, táplálkozástudományt érintő problémaköre az elhízás, mely nem csak a felnőtt népesség egészségét, de egyre inkább gyermekeink mindennapjait is érinti. Több tanulmány is rávilágított az obesitas emelkedő tendenciájára, s az ezzel együtt jelentkező krónikus megbetegedések jelentőségére. Az elmúlt években, számos prevenciós program indult ezen jelenség megfékezésére, illetve a gyermekek egészségtudatos táplálkozási szokásainak kialakítására. Azonban nem szabad megfeledkeznünk arról a tényről, hogy a család az elsődleges szocializációs színtér. A szerzők kutatásukban a szülői szemszögből szeretnék bemutatni, azt, hogy a családon belüli táplálkozási szokások kialakítása során mennyire tudatosak, mennyire látják reálisan a gyermekeik szokásait, testsúlyát, testalkatát, valamint, hogy honnan és milyen formában tájékozódnak akkor, amikor ezen kérdéskör felmerül. A vizsgálat esetében kérdőíves módszer került alkalmazásra, melyeket általános iskolai szülő csoportokba osztottunk ki. A kérdőívek feldolgozása során leíró és matematikai statisztikai módszereket egyaránt alkalmaztunk. A család nem kérdés, hogy alapvetően meghatározza a gyermek későbbi táplálkozását, melyre a közétkeztetés jelentős befolyással nem bír. A szülők sok esetben gyermekeik alkatát nem reálisan ítélik meg, normál testalkatot hajlamosak soványnak, míg az enyhén túlsúlyost normálnak megítélni. A gyermekek rendszeres étkezése már ebben az életkorban jelentős mértékben sérül, mivel a reggeli a gyermekek nagyrészénél sajnálatos módon elmarad, vagy kizárólag (nagy mennyiségű) cukrot tartalmazó péksüteménnyel kerül megoldásra. Munkánk során igyekszünk rávilágítani azokra a táplálkozási, fogyasztási és életviteli szokásokra, melyek később egyenes utat mutatnak az elhízott felnőttkor irányába, ezzel együtt sok esetben már előrevetítik a gyermek serdülőkori anyagcsere, valamint szív- és érrendszeri megbetegedését.
Az általános iskolás tanulók egészségmagatartásának vizsgálata
Authors: Fest Sarolta , Kovács-Vida Júlia
Published: July 2023

Kutatásunk témája az általános iskolai egészségnevelés témakörébe tartozik. Méréseket két alapfokú oktatási intézményben végeztünk 2022 év tavaszán. Legfőbb célkitűzéseink: Bemutatni, hogy a felsős tanulók milyen attitűddel, illetve milyen tudással rendelkeznek az egészséges életmód egyéb részterületeivel kapcsolatban. Információt nyújtani az általunk végzett vizsgálat eredményeiről. Bebizonyítani, hogy egy reális rövid és hosszabb távú célokat tartalmazó stratégiával, valamint a programban a résztvevők kedvező hozzáállásával pozitív eredményeket érhetünk el az iskolai egészségnevelés terén. A vizsgálati helyzet feltáró jellegű, eszköze kérdőív volt, mely 8 kérdést tartalmazott (egészségtudatosság, egészségmagatartás megismerésére irányuló kérdésekkel). A mérési adatok azt mutatták, hogy az életkor előrehaladtával kevésbé érzik a tanulók magukat testileg egészségesnek. Táplálkozás vonatkozásában a vegyes, változatos táplálkozás megjelenik a tanulók mindennapjaiban. Az eredményeinek tükrében megállapítható, hogy 7. osztálytól kezdődően mind a lányok, mind a fiúk tekintetében csökken az iskolán kívüli fizikai aktivitás mértéke. Saját mintánkban a 7. osztály után jön el az az időszak, amikor „elveszítjük” a fiatalokat. Mi osztjuk azt a véleményt, hogy a hatékony egészségneveléshez elengedhetetlen a nevelők és a tanulók szoros együttműködése, valamint a nevelők közötti szoros együttműködés szaktól, képesítéstől függetlenül. Ez a kutatás a vizsgált tanulók legalapvetőbb életmódbeli, egészségtudatossági elemeit vizsgálta, nem teljes körűen.
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Astanakulov Olim , Qurbanaliyeva Nazokat
Published: July 2023

This article gives an economic definition of the concept of foreign trade, based on the theory of foreign scientists and economists, which widely highlights the importance of exporting goods. A statistical analysis of the export of goods of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2010-2022 was carried out for certain economic categories and the experience of foreign countries in keeping records of export goods classified as complex economic categories was studied. Factors influencing the development of exports of goods are statistical assessment, an indication of the created regulatory and legal conditions. The division of commodity exports into categories into types is carried out on the basis of the requirements of world standards, a comparative analysis of the dynamics of growth and structural changes in goods classified by these types is carried out by categories for the analyzed years, indicating the impact of the achieved results of the analysis on the development of economic sectors.
Female directors on the board and efficiency of capital allocation: evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Badullahewage Shohani Upeksha , Prabath Parakrama Badullahewage Bharatha , Heenkenda Shirantha , Weerasinghe Gamini
Published: July 2023

The main scope of this research project is to investigate the relationship between women on director board in Sri Lankan context and their participation impacts on the efficiency of capital allocation of corporate companies. A plenty of research in this nature have been studied in the context of developed economies. The panel data methodology was involved to find out the link between female boardroom involvement, and capital efficiency and Tobin’s Q ratio and value- added growth were used as dependent variables to indicate capital efficiency. The study found a favorable relationship between the quality of investment prospects and the amount of money invested in companies run by female CEOs, while this relationship is far weaker in companies run by male CEOs.
Disentangling the Components of the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Minkus Lara
Published: July 2023

This book examines the components of and driving forces behind the gender pay gap, focusing on Germany. It covers the historical significance and measurement of the gap and provides relevant theory and empirical evidence. It also explores three key areas, all related to the composition and forces that perpetuate the gender pay gap in today's labour markets. First, the impact of radical changes in political and economic institutions; second, the significance of occupations; and third, the impact of labour market discrimination and soft skills. The book concludes by summarising key findings, research needs and implications for the academic debate on this subject.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN INFORMAL DIMASA PANDEMI DI DUSUN LUMBANG PENYENGAT
Authors: Eviana  , Fazira  , Kiki Sundari  , Naili Nur Fadzilah  , Vivin Latif Suseno
Published: July 2023

The pandemic period that has occurred at this time, of course, has had a huge impact on the world of education. One of them is a school with face-to-face learning which is currently abolished and replaced with online learning. Of course this also brings pros and cons among students and parents, lots of parents complain about the ineffectiveness of online learning for their children, to overcome these complaints one way or alternative that can be used is informal learning. . Informal learning carried out in Lumbang Penyengat Hamlet generally includes students from grade 1 to grade 6 SD. Studying in groups really brings a distinct impression for each student, especially in a pandemic like this. In the informal learning that is carried out not only learning about general education, but the learning program includes religious learning as well, such as the Koran, memorizing short suras, and so on.
Factores Asociados a Las Infecciones de Herida Quirúrgica Obstétrica en Pacientes Post Cesárea Atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue 2018-2019
Authors:   , Berrospi Vicente Lady Evelin
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a las infecciones de herida quirúrgica en pacientes post cesárea atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue durante los años 2018 y 2019. Metodología: Estudio de tipo analítico, correlacional de casos y controles, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, Donde se empleó como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos para recopilar los datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas, los cuales se procesaron por el programa SPSS v25, la población estuvo conformado por 100 pacientes post-cesareadas, de los cuales 50 fueron casos y 50 controles en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue durante el 2018 y 2019, se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Chi Cuadrado y un Odds Ratio >1 para estimar el riesgo. Resultados: En este estudio realizado se observó que tres factores se asocian a infección de herida operatoria, dentro de los antecedentes personales: obesidad (OR= 3.16) y anemia (OR=2.76); factores obstétricos: el tipo de cesárea (OR=2.447), en comparación con las variables hipertensión, diabetes mellitus, ruptura prematura de membranas, cesárea anterior, control prenatal donde no se halló asociación estadística significativa. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la obesidad, la anemia y el tipo de cesárea de emergencia son factores de riesgo para producir infección de herida operatoria obstétrica.
La inclusión educativa de alumnado con NEAE a través de la práctica deportiva
Authors: Canto Elorduy Laura , MARTÍNEZ MORALES JUAN RAMÓN
Published: July 2023

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue medir las actitudes hacia la inclusión de alumnado ordinario y de educación especial, a través de la participación de ambos en una carrera inclusiva.
Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Shravani Ch. , Parameswari Y. S. , Madhavi M. , Prakash T. Ram
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on growth and yield of onion at College Farm, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in Rabi 2021. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments and laid out in randomised block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Results revealed that growth parameters viz., plant height and number of leaves per plant were significantly influenced by weed   management practices. Significantly high growth parameters were recorded with mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT and it was at par with  pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch and oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC  100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch. Similarly, higher yield was recorded with mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT (183.2 q ha-1) and it was on par with pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch (176.3 q ha-1) and oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC  100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch T2 (173.2 q ha-1). On the other hand, lower growth parameters and yield was recorded in unweeded treatment. Hence it can be concluded that mechanical weeding at 20 and 40 DAT or pendimethalin 38.7% CS 677.25 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch or oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 100 g ha-1 PE + polyfilm mulch may be adopted for better growth and yield in onion.
Mounting Evidence Suggests That BMI Isn’t the Only Measure Needed to Predict Mortality Risk
Authors: Ruder Kate
Published: July 2023

This Medical News article discusses the association of body mass index categories with the risk of mortality from all causes.
Association Between Telehealth and Missed Appointments Among Patients Experiencing Behavioral Health Challenges
Authors: Bhatta Dependra , Sizer Monteic A. , Acharya Binod
Published: July 2023

This cohort study compares missed appointments between patients receiving telehealth and in-person care in behavioral health clinics in rural settings that cater to patients with relatively low income.
The Effect of Racial Concordance on Patient Trust in Online Videos About Prostate Cancer
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Ravenell Joseph E. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Borno Hala T. , Siu Katherine , Sanchez Nolasco Tatiana , Byrne Nataliya , Wilson Godfrey , Griffith Derek M. , Crocker Rob , Sherman Robert , Washington Samuel L. , Langford Aisha T.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Black men have a higher risk of prostate cancer compared with White men, but Black adults are underrepresented in online content about prostate cancer. Across racial groups, the internet is a popular source of health information; Black adults are more likely to trust online health information, yet have more medical mistrust than White adults.

Objective

To evaluate the association between racial representation in online content about prostate cancer and trust in the content and identify factors that influence trust.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 18, 2021, to January 7, 2022, consisting of a 1-time online survey. Participants included US men and women aged 40 years and older. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2023.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to watch the same video script about either prostate cancer screening or clinical trials presented by 1 of 4 speakers: a Black physician, a Black patient, a White physician, or a White patient, followed by a questionnaire.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a published scale for trust in the information. χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to compare trust according to the video’s speaker and topic.

Results

Among 2904 participants, 1801 (62%) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 59 (47-69) years. Among 1703 Black adults, a greater proportion had high trust in videos with Black speakers vs White speakers (72.7% vs 64.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.28-2.05; P < .001); less trust with patient vs physician presenter (64.6% vs 72.5%; aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.80; P < .001) and about clinical trials vs screening (66.3% vs 70.7%; aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99; P = .04). Among White adults, a lower proportion had high trust in videos featuring a patient vs physician (72.0% vs 78.6%; aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95; P = .02) and clinical trials vs screening (71.4% vs 79.1%; aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.76; P < .001), but no difference for Black vs White presenters (76.8% vs 73.7%; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.83-1.48; P = .49).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, prostate cancer information was considered more trustworthy when delivered by a physician, but racial concordance was significantly associated with trust only among Black adults. These results highlight the importance of physician participation and increasing racial diversity in public dissemination of health information and an ongoing need for public education about clinical trials.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05886751
Orange‐red luminescence of samarium‐doped bismuth–germanium–borate glass for light‐emitting devices
Authors: V. S. Bhagavan Netheti , Ravanamma R. , Krishnaiah Kummara Venkata , Ravi N. , Kagola Upendra Kumar , Kesavulu C. R. , Saranya P. L. , Venkatramu V.
Published: July 2023

Samarium (Sm3+)‐doped glass has sparked a rising interest in demonstrating a noticeable emission in the range of 400–700, which is advantageous in solid‐state lasers in the visible region, colour displays, undersea communication, and optical memory devices. This study reports the fabrication of Sm3+‐doped bismuth–germanium–borate glasses were established using a standard melt‐quenching technique and inspection by absorption, steady‐state luminescence, and transient studies. The typical peaks of Sm3+ ions were detected in the visible range under 403 nm excitation. A strong emission band was detected at 599 nm that resembles the 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition of Sm3+ ions for BGBiNYSm0.5 glass. Furthermore, a reddish‐orange (coral) luminescence at 646 nm that resembles the 4G5/2→6H9/2 transition was also perceived. The stimulated emission cross‐section of 4G5/2 level for BGBiNYSm0.5 glass was 0.39 × 10−22 cm2. Lifetime of the 4G5/2 level was enhanced for the BGBiNYSm0.5 glass and decreased with an increase in active ion concentrations. The lifetime quenching of ions at the metastable state was because of energy transfer among Sm3+ ions by cross‐relaxation channels. Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates were evaluated from the emission spectra. Moreover, all the findings recommend these glass as light‐emitting materials in the coral region at 599 nm for solid‐state lighting applications.
Recent Advances in Borylation via Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex Photoactivation
Authors: Hu Guanwen , Wang Zhiyong , Wang Xinmou , Quan Yangjian
Published: July 2023

Photoinduced borylation is becoming a fascinating and growing research field in synthetic chemistry. On the other hand, electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation has emerged as an alternative strategy to generate active open‐shell species without the need for photosensitizers. Suitable organoboron compounds can serve as the electron donor or acceptor to form the corresponding electron donor–acceptor complexes, which then undergo photoinduced intracomplex single electron transfer (SET) to generate carbon‐ or boron‐centered radicals for the construction of new C−B bonds. In this Concept paper, we review recent advances in photoinduced borylation via the EDA complex photoactivation strategy surveying the relevant literature until December 2022.
Comparative proteomic analysis of regenerative acellular matrices: The effects of tissue source and processing method
Authors: Wang Huidan , Sun Wendell Q.
Published: July 2023

Acellular tissue matrices are used in regenerative medicine from weak tissue re‐enforcement to cosmetic augmentation. However, proteomic signatures leading to different clinical outcomes among matrices are not well understood. In an attempt to investigate the effects of tissue source and processing method, we examined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) the proteomic profiles of 12 regulatory agency‐approved acellular matrices (AlloMax, AlloDerm, CollaMend, Heal‐All, JayyaLife, ReGen, Renov, Strattice, SurgiMend, Surgisis, UniTrump and Vidasis). The compositions of acellular matrices varied greatly with the number of identified proteins ranging from 7 to 106. The content of individual proteins was between 0.0001% and 95.8% according to their abundances measured by the M/Z signal intensities. Most acellular matrices still contained numerous cellular proteins. AlloMax, AlloDerm, ReGen, Strattice, SurgiMend and Surgisis retained necessary structural and functional proteins to form the extracellular protein–protein interaction networks for cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue regeneration, whereas CollaMend, Heal‐All, JayyaLife, Renov, UniTrump and Vidasis had only retained certain structural collagens. Principal component analysis showed that proteomic variations among acellular matrices were largely attributed to tissue source and processing method. Differences in proteomic profiles among acellular matrices offers insights into molecular interpretation for different clinical outcomes, and can serve as useful references for rational design of regenerative bio‐scaffolds.
Implementation and Outcomes of ERAS Protocol for Major Oncologic Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Murr Alexander T. , Sweeney Craig , Lenze Nicholas R. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Hackman Trevor G.
Published: July 2023

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been developed and successfully implemented for many surgical specialties, demonstrating reductions in length of stay, post‐operative complications, and resource utilization. Currently, there are few documented applications of ERAS protocols in head and neck surgery. Additional description of head and neck surgery protocol design, implementation, and outcomes will help advance postoperative care.

Methods

An ERAS protocol was designed for patients undergoing glossectomy and primary or salvage laryngectomy with or without free flap reconstruction. Following successful protocol implementation, patient outcomes and perioperative metrics were retrospectively reviewed and compared between patients prior to and following the ERAS protocol.

Results

Global comparison of ERAS and control group did not show statistically significant differences in measured perioperative outcomes. There were no statistically significant differences between the ERAS and control groups in age, sex, BMI, surgery type, or cancer stage. The ERAS protocol was associated with reduced variability in hospital length of stay (LOS), demonstrated through tighter interquartile ranges. For patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy, the ERAS protocol was associated with a significant reduction in 30‐day readmission rates. Although not statistically significant, the median length of stay in the step‐down unit (ISCU) and hospital was lower for specific patient groups.

Conclusion

The implementation and evaluation of the ERAS protocol demonstrated improvement in select patient outcomes as well as areas for process improvement. This study demonstrates the insights that arise from review of this protocol even for an institution with perceived standardized procedures for major oncologic head and neck surgeries.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:732–740, 2024
Ultrabroadband 2D‐Dispersive Wavelength Selective Switch with 1.57 GHz Hyperfine Spectral Resolution and >1600 Channels
Authors: Zhang Yilin , He Zhenwu , Wu Ziying , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: July 2023

Wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are key components in commercial reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer systems that are essential for future wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) networks. With rapidly increasing data transmission, there is a demand for high‐capacity WSSs. However, in a WSS, the number of channels, which is related to the ratio of its band coverage relative to spectral resolution, is limited within a certain range, since the 1D dispersion of the grating fails to utilize the 2D selectivity of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) pixel array in the “disperse and select” architecture.. To surpass this limitation, here a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) is employed into the WSS system to expand 1D‐dispersion into 2D space in order to fully utilize the 2D selectivity of LCoS. According to the experimental results, this VIPA‐grating‐based 2D WSS approach enables a spectral resolution that can be narrowed to 1.57 GHz (18 times improvement from 1D WSS, and massive (>1600) WDM channels can be predicted) and ultrabroadband spectral coverage across the S‐, C‐, and L‐bands of 20 THz. The data communication performance of the 2D WSS is also tested.
Fabrication and toughening mechanism of high toughness PP/SEBS/HDPE blends with core‐shell particles
Authors: Li Shushu , Cheng Pengfei , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Guangquan , Ma Yingxia
Published: July 2023

Aiming at obtaining high toughness polypropylene (PP) products, in this work, using high density polyethylene (HDPE) and styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐stryrene (SEBS) as toughening agents, PP/SEBS/HDPE blends were successfully fabricated by melt‐blending method, and the microstructure, mechanical, thermodynamics, and rheological properties of the blends were investigated. The results revealed the core‐shell structure particles with HDPE as the core and SEBS as the shell were dispersed in PP in the PP/SEBS/HDPE blends. The core‐shell structure particles played good roles in toughening PP matrix, and the PP/SEBS/HDPE blends underwent brittle‐tough transition at 15 wt% SEBS and 5 wt% HDPE. The impact toughness of PP/SEBS/HDPE blends with 15 wt% SEBS and 15 wt% HDPE reached 60.1 kJ/m2, which was almost 1441.0% that of pure PP. The formation of core‐shell particles in the system led to an increase in the degree of chain entanglement between the dispersed phase and PP, which enhanced the interfacial adhesion. In addition, based on the experimental results, the relationship between the viscosity and the material toughness was proposed, revealing the brittle‐ductile transition behavior and the toughening mechanism.
Self‐supervised learning improves classification of agriculturally important insect pests in plants
Authors: Kar Soumyashree , Nagasubramanian Koushik , Elango Dinakaran , Carroll Matthew E. , Abel Craig A. , Nair Ajay , Mueller Daren S. , O'Neal Matthew E. , Singh Asheesh K. , Sarkar Soumik , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Singh Arti
Published: July 2023

Insect pests cause significant damage to food production, so early detection and efficient mitigation strategies are crucial. There is a continual shift toward machine learning (ML)‐based approaches for automating agricultural pest detection. Although supervised learning has achieved remarkable progress in this regard, it is impeded by the need for significant expert involvement in labeling the data used for model training. This makes real‐world applications tedious and oftentimes infeasible. Recently, self‐supervised learning (SSL) approaches have provided a viable alternative to training ML models with minimal annotations. Here, we present an SSL approach to classify 22 insect pests. The framework was assessed on raw and segmented field‐captured images using three different SSL methods, Nearest Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations (NNCLR), Bootstrap Your Own Latent, and Barlow Twins. SSL pre‐training was done on ResNet‐18 and ResNet‐50 models using all three SSL methods on the original RGB images and foreground segmented images. The performance of SSL pre‐training methods was evaluated using linear probing of SSL representations and end‐to‐end fine‐tuning approaches. The SSL‐pre‐trained convolutional neural network models were able to perform annotation‐efficient classification. NNCLR was the best performing SSL method for both linear and full model fine‐tuning. With just 5% annotated images, transfer learning with ImageNet initialization obtained 74% accuracy, whereas NNCLR achieved an improved classification accuracy of 79% for end‐to‐end fine‐tuning. Models created using SSL pre‐training consistently performed better, especially under very low annotation, and were robust to object class imbalances. These approaches help overcome annotation bottlenecks and are resource efficient.
Simulation of the threat zone of benzene released from the safety relief valve in the petrochemical plant in accordance with occupational health, safety, and environmental standards
Authors: Pukkawanna Pumipat , Tangtong Chaiyanun , Thepanondh Sarawut , Boonyayothin Vorakamol
Published: July 2023

Benzene production processes exist primarily in the petrochemical industry. In an overpressure situation, large amounts of benzene may be released via a safety relief valve (SRV) directly into the atmosphere and gets workers and people in the vicinity at risk of being exposed to them. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to model the affected area of the atmospheric benzene released from the SRV in three different seasons including summer, rainy, and winter. The software used to model air dispersion was Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres. Using technical data, meteorological data from one petrochemical plant in Chonburi province, Thailand, and various occupational health, safety, and environmental standards as levels of concern, the simulation showed that the distances in the impact zone of benzene dispersion were slightly different due to seasonal meteorological characteristics and the affected area depends on the dominant wind direction in each season. These results when compared with various standards can be adapted as a guideline of risk management and emergency preparedness of benzene production plants.
Establishing a high‐precision real‐time Precipitable Water Vapor model in China with Global Navigation Satellite System and Fifth‐Generation Reanalysis Model data
Authors: Pengfei Xia , Sanda Yu , Shirong Ye , Aiming Yang , Lunian Quan , Zhonghua Wu , Mengxiang Tong
Published: July 2023

The real‐time high precision of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) is widely recognized as crucial for advancing numerical weather prediction and enhancing our understanding of climate change. PWV is usually measured with radiosondes, microwave radiometers, and meteorological satellites. Nevertheless, these instruments have limitations including low temporal or spatial resolutions, high cost and weather dependence. To address these issues, we developed a real‐time PWV grid model for China by integrating the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network with ERA5 reanalysis products. In this study, we explored an alternative method using ERA5 products to construct an accurate Elevation Normalization Factor Model (ENFM) and Tm models. The culmination of our efforts resulted in the creation of a real‐time 1° × 1° PWV grid model for China. To validate the models of Tm and PWV, we compared them against the data obtained from radiosondes in China throughout 2021. The results indicate that the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) value of the deviation between the Tm derived from our new Tm model, excluding meteorological parameters, and the radiosonde‐derived Tm, is better than 4.22 K. The Tm values of the new Tm model are improved by 15.31% compared to those estimated based on the Bevis model plus HGPT2 temperature model. The RMSE values of the deviations between the new grid PWV and the radiosonde‐derived PWV are less than 3.45 mm. The precision of our new PWV grid model is improved by 37.2% compared to that of the traditional Askne and Nordius model.
Targeted treatment strategy for patients with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Chun , Jin Yansheng , Guo Guanjun , Zhou Kangxing , Feng Xuebing , Yao Genhong
Published: July 2023

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) (CTD‐PAH) remains a difficult challenge in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted vasodilators in patients with severe CTD‐PAH.

Methods

The data of 53 patients with severe CTD‐PAH hospitalized at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up for an average of 2 years to track their outcomes. The efficacy of treatment and the survival rate of patients with severe CTD‐PAH were determined.

Results

Among the causes of severe CTD‐PAH, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was the most common (39.6%), and the age at onset in patients with SLE‐PAH was younger than that of patients with other CTD. Bosentan was more effective than sildenafil in reducing pulmonary artery pressure, improving cardiac function, and increasing survival time. Combination therapy with targeted vasodilators significantly improved the prognosis of patients with severe CTD‐PAH compared with monotherapy.

Conclusions

Patients with severe CTD‐PAH should be treated early with targeted vasodilators. In this study, bosentan was superior to sildenafil. Combined treatment might be an option for severe CTD‐PAH.
Mapping tree cover expansion in Montana, U.S.A. rangelands using high‐resolution historical aerial imagery
Authors: Morford Scott L. , Allred Brady W. , Jensen Eric R. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Mueller Kristopher R. , Pacholski Catherine L. , Smith Joseph T. , Tack Jason D. , Tackett Kyle N. , Naugle David E.
Published: July 2023

Worldwide, trees are colonizing rangelands with high conservation value. The introduction of trees into grasslands and shrublands causes large‐scale changes in ecosystem structure and function, which have cascading impacts on ecosystem services, biodiversity, and agricultural economies. Satellites are increasingly being used to track tree cover at continental to global scales, but these methods can only provide reliable estimates of change over recent decades. Given the slow pace of tree cover expansion, remote sensing techniques that can extend this historical record provide critical insights into the magnitude of environmental change. Here, we estimate conifer expansion in rangelands of the northern Great Plains, United States, North America, using historical aerial imagery from the mid‐20th century and modern aerial imagery. We analyzed 19.3 million hectares of rangelands in Montana, USA, using a convolutional neural network (U‐Net architecture) and cloud computing to detect tree features and tree cover change. Our bias‐corrected results estimate 3.0 ± 0.2 million hectares of conifer tree cover expansion in Montana rangelands, which accounts for 15.4% of the total study area. Overall accuracy was >91%, but the producer's accuracy was lower than the user's accuracy (0.60 vs. 0.88) for areas of tree cover expansion. Nonetheless, the omission errors were not spatially clustered, suggesting that the method is reliable for identifying the regions of Montana where substantial tree expansion has occurred. Using the model results in conjunction with historical and modern imagery allows for effective communication of the scale of tree expansion while overcoming the recency effect caused by shifting environmental baselines.
Time‐Dependent Colorful Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence from a Single‐Component Chiral Molecule
Authors: Yu Lan , Gao Zhisheng , Cheng He , Yan Xin , Cao Hengyu , Guo Guangyao , Li Huanhuan , Li Ping , Chen Runfeng , Tao Ye
Published: July 2023

Colorful circularly polarized organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) materials have attracted much attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties for various applications. However, the development of colorful CP‐OURTP materials in a single‐component molecular system is currently facing great challenges. Herein, a feasible strategy is proposed to develop colorful CP‐OURTP material from a single‐component chiral molecule by introducing a chiral unit into the phosphorescence chromophore. A dual CP‐OURTP band originated from inherent triplet excitons emission showing a lifetime of 946.44 ms and triplet–triplet annihilation induced delayed emission with a short lifetime of 209.91 ms as well as maximum asymmetry factors of ≈10−3 are realized. Owing to the changed OURTP intensity ratios between inherent CP‐OURTP and delayed emission at different delayed times, time‐dependent colorful CP‐OURTP turned from yellow to green is obtained. This study provides a potential platform to prepare circularly polarized material systems showing colorful luminescent properties.
Catholyte engineering to release the capacity of iodide for high‐energy‐density iodine‐based redox flow batteries
Authors: Lu Bo , Yang Minghui , Ding Mei , Yan Su , Xiang Weizhe , Cheng Yuanhang , Fu Hu , Xu Zhizhao , Jia Chuankun
Published: July 2023

Due to the high solubility, high reversibility, and low cost of iodide, iodine‐based redox flow batteries (RFBs) are considered to have great potential for upscaling energy storage. However, their further development has been limited by the low capacity of I− as one‐third of the I− is used to form I3− (I2I−) during the charging process. Herein, we have demonstrated that the pseudohalide ion, thiocyanate (SCN−), is a promising complexing agent for catholyte of iodine‐based RFBs to free up the I− by forming iodine‐thiocyanate ions ([I2SCN]−) instead of I3−, unlocking the capacity of iodide. Applying this strategy, we have demonstrated iodine‐based RFBs with full utilization of iodide to achieve high capacity and high energy density. Both the zinc/iodine RFB and polysulfide/iodine RFB with SCN− complex agent achieve their theoretical capacity of around 160 A h Lposolyte−1 (6.0 M I− in catholyte). Therefore, the zinc/iodine RFB delivers a high energy density of 221.34 W h Lposolyte−1, and the polysulfide/iodine RFB achieves a highenergy density of 165.62 W h Lposolyte−1. It is believed that this effective catholyte engineering can be further generalized to other iodine‐based RFBs, offering new opportunities to unlock the capacity of iodide and achieve high energy density for energy storage.
Polystyrene nanoplastics induce haematotoxicity with cell oxeiptosis and senescence involved in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Cheng Cheng , Wang Lin , Li Dongbei , Fan Ruihua , Wei Xudong
Published: July 2023

Nanoplastics (NPs) has become a worrying serious environmental problem. However, the toxicological effects and mechanisms of NPs on hematopoiesis are still unknown. To this end, male C57BL/6J mice were directly exposed to the serial concentration gradient of polystyrene NPs (PSNPs, 0, 30, 60, and 120 μg d), respectively, for 42 days by intragastric administration. Results show that PSNPs were clearly visible in bone tissues, meanwhile, induced the count of major blood indicators (WBC, RBC, and LYM) decreased. H&E staining displayed that exposed to PSNPs can cause hematopoietic damage of BM and extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen. Flow cytometry result show that the proportion of LSK represented a dose‐dependent significantly decreased after PSNPs exposure. Further research found that PSNPs can cause the systemic oxidative stress occurs manifested as MDA accumulated. In addition, as the dose of PSNPs increased, the fluorescence intensity of Keap1 and p53 in femur sections gradually increased, meanwhile, the expression of cell oxeiptosis signal pathway Keap1/PGAM5/AIFM1 and the cell senescence signal pathway p53/p21 was all increased, markedly. Overall, our study demonstrated that PSNPs exposure caused oxidative stress, potentially resulting in cell oxeiptosis and senescence to develop haematotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice.
Circular RNA nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 promoted biliary tract cancer epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and stemness by regulating the miR‐515‐5p/AKT2 axis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Xin , Yu Shaobo , Liu Sidi , Zhang Siyuan , Sha Xiangjun , Sun Dongsheng , Jiang Xingming
Published: July 2023

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a devastating malignancy that is notoriously difficult to diagnose and is associated with high mortality. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous non‐coding RNA which has been regarded as the key regulator of tumor initiation and progression, including BTC. Circular RNA nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (circ_NRIP1), as a circular RNA, is abnormally expressed in many human tumors and exhibits diverse functions in cancer progression. However, its biological significance in BTC has not been thoroughly investigated. In this research, we elucidated that circ_NRIP1 was notably overexpressed in both BTC tissues and cells. We further established a correlation between circ_NRIP1 expression and clinicopathological features in BTC patients, highlighting its clinical relevance. Through functional assays, we observed that knockdown of circ_NRIP1 significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, invasion, stemness maintenance, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, indicating its active involvement in promoting BTC progression. Additionally, it attenuated growth of xenograft and metastasis models. Mechanically, we revealed that circ_NRIP1 served as the competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR‐515‐5p through complementary base pairing mechanism, thereby upregulated AKT2 expression and indirectly activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Generally, targeting the circ_NRIP1/miR‐515‐5p/AKT2 axis and aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may hold promising therapeutic strategies for BTC. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the underlying biological basis of BTC and paves the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches.
The market reaction to operational risk events in the energy sector
Authors: Kalatha Sofia , Dontis-Charitos Panagiotis , Kosmidou Kyriaki , Andriosopoulos Kostas
Published: July 2023

Despite the growing importance of operational risk, little is known about the impact of operational losses on the stock prices of energy firms. We fill this void by examining the market reaction of energy firms to a unique international sample of 452 operational loss events announced between 1996 and 2021, constructed using the SAS OpRisk Global Data database. Our results reveal negative and significant abnormal returns following the announcement of operational losses, while further analysis shows that results vary with event and/or announcing firm characteristics. Our evidence can help inform multiple stakeholders in the energy industry in the pricing, asset allocation, and risk management functions, as well as help regulators design effective mechanisms to mitigate the impact of operational losses on the economy and society.
Bulk characterization of highly structured tissue paper based on 2D and 3D evaluation methods
Authors: Reitbauer Jürgen , Machado Charry Eduardo , Eckhart Rene , Sözeri Cemile , Bauer Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

The structure of the fibre network in tissue paper can be complex and difficult to analyze, due to the presence of superimposed structures such as creping and patterns that occur, for example, in through-air-dried (TAD) tissue. Properties like high absorbency, a pleasant handfeel, and strength-related characteristics are closely related to the fibre network structure. Therefore, in addition to standard tissue testing methods, techniques that provide insights into the intrinsic properties of the tissue fibre network are essential for a deeper understanding and potential for further optimization. In this study, we utilized 2D cross-sectional images and 3D X-ray microtomography ($$\mu$$μ-CT) to evaluate and quantify the intrinsic properties of highly structured TAD tissue. We compared the results obtained from these two methods, focusing on intrinsic thickness, porosity, and the fibre volume to fibre surface area (Fv/Fs) ratio. The open structure of the fibre network, fabric patterns, creping, and protruding fibres make it challenging to define bulk boundaries. Therefore, we examined the effect of different bulk expansion diameters on intrinsic properties. This procedure allows to quantify the effects of under- and overestimation of bulk boundaries, and to determine which regions within the fibre network are affected by bulk expansion. In terms of intrinsic thickness, both 2D and 3D evaluations show similar trends, which facilitates direct comparison of 2D and 3D data. Porosity, on the other hand, does not show any correlation between 2D and 3D-based data. Together with the Fv/Fs parameter, this leads to the conclusion that the depiction of 2D data does not represent the whole fibrous material but predominantly fibres perpendicular or close to perpendicular to the cut plane, whereas 3D data represents all fibres, fibre bonds and network connectivity. This work aims at presenting modern approaches and novel procedures to quantify intrinsic properties of open fibre structures such as tissue, but could also be applied to fibrous networks in general. The introduced methods could provide the basis for future research on the interrelations between intrinsic properties and key tissue properties such as absorbency and handfeel.
Model-based entropy estimation for data with covariates and dependence structures
Authors: Altieri Linda , Cocchi Daniela , Ventrucci Massimo
Published: July 2023

Entropy is widely used in ecological and environmental studies, where data often present complex interactions. Difficulties arise in linking entropy to available covariates or data dependence structures, thus, all existing entropy estimators assume independence. To overcome this limit, we take a Bayesian model-based approach which focuses on estimating the probabilities that compose the index, accounting for any data dependence and correlation. An estimate of entropy can be constructed from the model fitted values, returning an observation-specific measure of entropy rather than an overall index. This way, the latent heterogeneity of the system can be represented by a curve in time or a surface in space, according to the characteristics of the survey study at hand. An empirical study illustrates the flexibility and interpretability of our results over temporally and spatially correlated data. An application is presented about the biodiversity of spatially structured rainforest tree data.
Catalyzing Technology-Based Innovation in Teen Pregnancy Prevention: an Implementation Model and Findings from a Human-Centered Design Initiative
Authors: Antonishak Jill , Suellentrop Katy , Steiner Riley J. , Lloyd Laura , Axelson Sarah M.
Published: July 2023

From 2015 to 2021, the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) program funded Power to Decide, a national reproductive health nonprofit organization, to catalyze innovation in adolescent sexual and reproductive health through the development of technology-based interventions. Power to Decide’s initiative, Innovation Next, supported twenty innovation teams in using human-centered design (HCD) to develop new products, services, and programs. We describe the Innovation Next implementation model, which can inform future efforts to develop innovative, technology-based TPP programs using HCD. To that end, we draw on quantitative and qualitative data collected for program improvement to summarize key implementation findings.
Proof of Concept: In-Situ Wear Differentiation of Simultaneously Wearing Counterparts
Authors: Harden Felix , Schädel Birgit , Siegel Marlon , Kral Roland , Adelung Rainer , Jacobs Olaf
Published: July 2023

Accurate assessment of the tribological system’s wear behavior is crucial for optimization. Common tribological test stands rely on a single measurement information—usually the indentation depth of the complete tribological system. If both counterparts experience wear—like polymer–polymer combinations—a subsequent assessment of the tested specimens is needed to estimate the contributions of each partner for determining the wear volume, and thus the wear rate. In this work, we propose a novel approach how an in-situ wear measurement of both simultaneously wearing counterparts can be implemented and generally demonstrate the feasibility on a ball-on-prism tribometer. This is achieved by measuring the system’s indentation depth while simultaneously scanning the ball’s surface with a laser profile scanner, providing information for calculation of the ball’s wear volume. While offering new possibilities for wear evaluation, challenges remain including radial runout of the measured specimen, testing in media and accumulation of large amounts of debris. Overall, this work presents an advancement in the evaluation of wear behavior, enabling better optimization of tribological systems with simultaneous wear. Refinements and adaptations to different setups can further enhance its utility.