bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of a joint neural network to the Raman spectroscopy identification of stamp‐pad ink brands and aging
Authors: Lyu Rulin , He Hongyuan , Wang Xiaobin , He Weiwen , Wang Shuyue , Yang Lei , Kong Weigang
Published: August 2022

The identification of seal authenticity is an important part of document inspection. Confocal laser Raman spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural (CNN) and recurrent neural (RNN) networks was used to distinguish red stamp‐pad ink of different brands and aging. A total of 536 spectral samples from 16 brands were collected in this study and 53,600 amplification data samples were obtained by adding noise. The joint neural network has significant classification performance compared to partial least squares (PLS) discriminant and common CNN. In the three kinds of stamp‐pad inks, photosensitive, atomic, and common, the recognition rate for different brands and aging both reached 100%.
Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of key taste components in different varieties of table grapes
Authors: Hua Yu‐Jiao , Xie Fen , Liu Xiao‐Yuan , Liu Yan‐Kui , Luo Yi‐Yuan , Ding Yong‐Juan
Published: August 2022

Grapes are one of the world's largest fruit crops, which are rich in nutrients and taste. Summer Black, Gui Fei, Kyoho Grape, Giant Rose, Shine Muscat, and Rosario Bianco are the six most popular table grapes in Wuxi city, Jiangsu province. Owing to the lack of comprehensive investigations of metabolites in table grapes, the metabolic causes of differences in their taste are unknown. In this study, metabolites of six table grapes were profiled using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis discriminated among the metabolites of these varieties. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were highly conserved among these varieties. Our results suggest that the taste differences in the six table grape varieties can be explained by variations in composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and polyphenols. This study provides comprehensive insights into the underlying metabolic causes of taste variation in table grapes.
Concurrent management of nasal bone expansion from nasal polyposis (Woakes' disease)
Authors: Dickie Alexander , Rotenberg Brian , Sowerby Leigh
Published: August 2022

Background

Woakes' disease is the eponymous name for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) leading to thinning and expansion of the nasal pyramid. The endoscopic treatment of the sinus disease, while extensive, is standard practice for the rhinologist. Management of their external nasal deformities, for many, is not. Simultaneous closed rhinoplasty in these patients is straightforward, easy to perform and achieves an excellent esthetic outcome.

Methods

Three patients with CRSwNP and notable nasal pyramid expansion are reviewed. All patients had eosinophilic disease, with two having NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD). All three patients underwent full house endoscopic sinus surgery from May 2018 to September 2019 along with simultaneous closed rhinoplasty. Two of these patients required only external digital pressure to fracture the nasal bones for gentle Boies elevator repositioning, while the third had osteotomies with minimal force to aid reduction.

Results

Postoperatively, patients had excellent nasal airway symptom improvement, and the cosmetic results following rhinoplasty demonstrated normalization of symmetry, profile, and contour of the nose with high‐patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Based on our experience, simultaneous rhinoplasty on the thinned nasal bones of Woakes' Disease patients is not only easy to perform, but provides excellent cosmetic and functional results by allowing bone to remodel in the appropriate position, and avoids a second‐stage rhinoplasty.
Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters
Authors: Hausig‐Punke Franziska , Richter Friederike , Hoernke Maria , Brendel Johannes C. , Traeger Anja
Published: August 2022

Crossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers are developed to overcome a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays are established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane‐impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges, and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, it is hoped to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross‐correlations between nanocarriers.
Synthesis and Reactions of Homoditopic Stable Nitrile N‐Oxide as a Powerful Tool for Catalyst‐Free Constructions of Macromolecular Architectures
Authors: Ooba Souma , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Takata Toshikazu , Koyama Yasuhito
Published: August 2022

Nitrile N‐oxide is a highly reactive 1,3‐dipole that undergoes 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions to various dipolarophiles. However, the high reactivity of nitrile N‐oxide leads to side reactions with nucleophiles and self‐reactions, resulting in a decrease in the cycloadduct yield. The bulky substituent around nitrile N‐oxide kinetically suppresses such undesirable side reactions, stabilizing nitrile N‐oxide, and improving 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition efficiency. Homoditopic stable nitrile N‐oxides as a ligation tool between unsaturated bonds are developed, although the challenge of the large‐scale synthesis remains. Herein, the practical synthesis of a homoditopic stable nitrile N‐oxide from bismaleimide is reported. Three simple steps, namely, Michael addition, oximation, and oxidation, produce the homoditopic nitrile N‐oxide in 87% overall yield without purification process using column chromatography. The ligation capacity of nitrile N‐oxide is discussed through polycycloadditions with several bisdipolarophiles and the cross‐linking reaction of polyacrylonitrile.
Bio‐Based, Recyclable and Self‐Healing Polyurethane Composites with High Energy Dissipation and Shape Memory
Authors: Shou Tao , Zhai Mengyao , Wu Yaowen , Wu Sizhu , Hu Shikai , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun
Published: August 2022

Rubber composites make an important contribution to eliminating vibration and noise owing to their unique viscoelasticity. However, it is important to find alternative bio‐based products with high damping properties owing to the shortage of petrochemical resources and poor performance. The ability to self‐heal is an additional characteristic that is highly desirable because it can further increase the service life and safety of such products. In this study, a bio‐based polylactic acid thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA‐TPU) and its composites (PLA‐TPU/AO‐80) are synthesized. The reversible sacrificial hydrogen bonds in the composites increase the peak value of the loss factor (tan δmax) from 0.87 to 2.12 with a high energy dissipation efficiency of 99% at 50% strain. After being heated for 15 min, the healed sample recovers 81.98% of its comprehensive mechanical properties due to the reorganization of the hydrogen bonds. Its tensile strength remains at 93.4% after recycling five times. Moreover, its shape memory properties show a response temperature close to the human body temperature making it an ideal candidate for medical applications.
Global optimization for spot‐based treatment planning
Authors: Chen Mingli , Gu Xuejun , Lu Weiguo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Many radiotherapy modalities can deliver concentrated radiation in the form of spots, such as Gamma Knife (GK), GammaPod (GP), intensity‐modulated proton therapy, and brachytherapy, and can be generalized as spot‐based treatments. These treatments have a great therapeutic advantage of creating potent target dose while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, global optimization to determine the spot positions, shapes, and intensities is an intractable combinatorial problem for any real 3D problem. The conventional approach adopts heuristic spot selection and intensity optimization in a sequential manner to mitigate the problem complexity. In this work, we propose a novel framework that enables global optimization of spot‐based treatment planning.

Methods

The framework is based on kernel decomposition (KD) dose calculation, which models each spot dose as a scaled shift‐invariant kernel, with the reference kernels and scales pre‐calculated. During optimization, the framework incorporates Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for objective and derivative evaluations and accommodates all spot candidates in optimization search with a temporal complexity of O(N3log N) as opposed to O(N6) complexity in the conventional beamlet framework for volume dimensions of N × N × N. We demonstrated the FFT framework using simulations with different objectives. The framework's planning performance was illustrated using clinical GK and GP cases.

Results

Pre‐processing involves only a small number of reference kernels and a scale map for the KD model with marginal spatial and temporal overheads. For simulations with 512 × 512 image dimensions, plan optimization finished in ∼2 seconds with FFT, whereas it took 100× longer with the beamlet approach. For clinical cases, the FFT attained solutions within a minute with improved plan quality compared to clinical plans: better conformity and less integral dose because of using a global fine search space for optimal spots.

Conclusions

The scaled shift‐invariance and FFT framework opens a new paradigm for spot‐based treatment planning, as it can substantially reduce both the spatial and temporal complexities. The framework makes global optimization for spot‐based treatment planning clinically feasible.
Making high‐quality measures available in diverse contexts—The psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a Norwegian sample
Authors: Lisøy Carina , Neumer Simon‐Peter , Waaktaar Trine , Ingul Jo Magne , Holen Solveig , Martinsen Kristin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Recent initiatives have recommended the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) for use in research and as patient‐reported outcome in health care globally. We aimed to investigate, for the first time, whether the psychometric properties of the anxiety and depression youth self‐report measures, RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25, generalize to a Norwegian setting.

Methods

We examined gender and age differences in symptomatology among 592 children (mean age 10.7 years), and conducted a psychometric investigation of the internal reliability, structural validity, measurement invariance and convergent validity of the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 youth versions.

Results

Girls reported higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms than boys, but no age differences were observed. Reliability coefficients for the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 scales indicated good internal consistency. Structural validity for RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses results. For both measures, strong gender‐based measurement invariance was present. Convergent validity of the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 with other well‐established self‐report measures for anxiety (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children) and depression (The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) was supported.

Conclusion

The RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 youth versions are valid and reliable instruments for measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression in a Norwegian setting. The results add to the evidence supporting RCADS's cross‐cultural validity.
Recirculation Aquaculture System for Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Production: Construction and Operation
Authors: Bhosale Mangesh M. , Mugale Rohini R.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present study was to design and operate a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) for the production of rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus, with recognition of preferred food type and effective harvest rate. In experiment 1, four food types (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina major, Scenedesmus obliquus, and baker's yeast) were used to determine the food type that was preferred by the rotifers. Chlorella vulgaris was the most preferred food type based on the highest rotifer count (365.33 ± 2.18 rotifers/mL). In experiment 2, rotifers were harvested at 10, 30, 50, and 70% of the total volume on a daily basis to determine the sustainable harvest rate. Daily harvesting at 30% maintained the rotifer culture at its stationary phase (381 ± 19.45 rotifers/mL) throughout the experiment. Following use in the RAS, the harvested water was treated using a series of filters (sand, cartridge, and ultraviolet filters) and was reused for algal culture. The results suggested that critical water quality characteristics, including pH (7.4–8.4), dissolved oxygen (3.8–6.8 mg/L), and un-ionized ammonia (<0.5 mg/L), remained within acceptable limits. We conclude that the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus can be produced on a commercial scale by adopting advanced RAS-based technology with minimum water waste.
Design of a Vacuum Degassing Apparatus to Reduce Nitrogen Supersaturation and Maintain Hypoxia in Well Water
Authors: Ott Brian D. , Torrans Eugene L. , Allen Peter J.
Published: August 2022

Water derived from an underground well or spring is commonly supersaturated with nitrogen and low in dissolved oxygen. These conditions are generally harmful to fishes, and water must be treated to reduce total dissolved gases and adjust dissolved oxygen concentrations to desired levels. Typically, corrective methods remove nitrogen while increasing the oxygen concentration, but this is not desirable for situations where hypoxic conditions are needed for experimental purposes. In this project, a vacuum degasser was designed to remove excess nitrogen from well water while keeping dissolved oxygen concentration low (i.e., ≤2.0 mg/L). Additionally, in a parallel system, a normoxic water treatment system was designed to remove excess nitrogen while simultaneously increasing the oxygen concentration to create normoxic conditions. These systems provide solutions to overcoming gas supersaturation in well water and produce the desired dissolved oxygen concentration, without requiring the use of consumable gas cylinders.
FGLB: A fine‐grained hardware intra‐server load balancer based on 100 G FPGA SmartNIC
Authors: Huang Xiaoying , Guo Zhichuan , Song Mangu
Published: August 2022

In today's data centers, workloads including multiple services and requests are processed in parallel within a server with many CPU cores. Therefore, meeting the intra‐server load balancing is very important to improve the utilization of CPU resources in the data centers. However, the existing methods cannot well meet the intra‐server load balancing in high‐throughput scenarios. The software‐based methods generally utilize CPU cores to parse and dispatch packets. They work well at low throughput, but they have high CPU overhead at high throughput, leading to packet loss and high latency issues. The hardware‐based methods parse the packet and compute a hash over its metadata in hardware and perform load balancing in a coarse‐grained manner based on the hash value. They have the ability to work at high throughput with the advantage of low overhead but are less well in balance effect and flexibility. We, therefore, propose an intra‐server load balancer based on the reconfigurable hardware, FPGA, to meet the requirements for load balancing within servers in high‐speed application scenarios. Our method improves the load‐balancing gran‐ ularity of hardware‐based method. It not only has high throughput but also has a good balance effect and flexibility. We implemented and evaluated our method on a 100 G FPGA SmartNIC. The evaluation result shows our method can reduce the load imbalance ratio by an order of magnitude when the distribution of flow size is uneven compared to the current widely used hardware‐based method.
Influence of Tamarindus indica seed nano‐powder on properties of Luffa cylindrica (L.) fruit waste fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Felix Sahayaraj A. , Muthukrishnan M. , Ramesh M.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this investigation is to determine the physical, mechanical, water absorption behavior, and thermal properties of Tamarindus indica seed powder (TISP) incorporated Luffa cylindrica fruit (LCF) waste fiber reinforced epoxy composites. TISP of size 40–50 nm was mixed with matrix in various weight proportions (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt%), and the composite laminates were made using the manual stacking followed by compression molding technique. The developed composite samples were subjected to various testing which includes density, tensile, compression, flexural, impact, hardness, and water absorption behavior. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also done to investigate the influence of TISP addition on the prepared sample to determine thermal stability. The results showed inclusion of 7.5 wt% TISP resulting better physico‐mechanical and thermal properties. A field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) test was conducted for the investigation of the bonding nature at the fiber/matrix interface, fiber pull‐outs, voids, and internal cracks. From the results it is seen that the addition of TISP improve the performance of the developed LCF waste fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Further, these composites show better resistance to moisture, which could have implications in automobile and structural applications.
Investigation of discrepancies obtained during 15 years of non‐invasive fetal RHD genotyping in apparent serologic RhD‐negative pregnant women
Authors: Dufour Patrice , Gerard Christiane , Chantraine Frédéric , Minon Jean‐Marc
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In some European countries, non‐invasive fetal RHD genotyping is the first step of anti‐D allo‐immunized pregnant women management but presence of RHD variant alleles may interfere with the results accuracy. We developed an algorithm allowing solving discordant results (due to the presence of RHD variant) in fetal RHD genotyping assay.

Method

This study gathered the results of fetal RHD genotyping performed between 2006 and 2020 in the Medicine Laboratory of CHR Liège. Exons 4, 5 and 10 of the fetal RHD were profiled in maternal plasma using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When the results were discrepant, maternal RHD variant was further explored by sequence‐specific primer PCR on maternal buffy coat.

Results

A total of 11,630 pregnant women (mainly of both Caucasian and African origins) were tested during the study period and RHD variant alleles were detected in 247 women. The most frequent variant was RHD*08N.01 found in 66 women mainly of Black African origin. We identified 45 women with weak RHD variant type 1, 2 or 3.

Conclusion

Women with weak RHD variant type 1, 2 or 3 can safely be considered as RhD positive in terms of RhIg prophylaxis and/or transfusion of blood components. Therefore, identification of RHD allele variants in women with discordant fetal RHD genotyping results contributes to save RhIg prophylaxis and RhD negative blood components.
Next‐generation molecular diagnostics (TaqMan qPCR and ddPCR) for monitoring insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Mavridis Konstantinos , Papapostolou Kyriaki Maria , Ilias Aris , Michaelidou Kleita , Stavrakaki Marianna , Roditakis Emmanouil , Tsagkarakou Anastasia , Bass Chris , Vontas John
Published: August 2022

Background

Insecticide resistance has developed in several populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci worldwide and threatens to compromise the efficacy of chemical control. The molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance have been characterized and markers associated with the trait have been identified, allowing the development of diagnostics for individual insects.

Results

TaqMan and Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) assays were developed and validated, in individual and pooled whitefly samples, respectively, for the following target‐site mutations: the acetylcholinesterase (ace1) F331W mutation conferring organophosphate‐resistance; the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) mutations L925I and T929V conferring pyrethroid‐resistance; and the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (acc) A2083V mutation conferring ketoenol‐resistance. The ddPCR's limit of detection (LoD) was <0.2% (i.e. detection of one heterozygote whitefly in a pool of 249 wild‐type individuals). The assays were applied in 11 B. tabaci field populations from four locations in Crete, Greece. The F331W mutation was detected to be fixed or close to fixation in eight of 11 B. tabaci populations, and at lower frequency in the remaining ones. The pyrethroid‐resistance mutations were detected at very high frequencies. The A2083V spiromesifen resistance mutation was detected in eight of 11 populations (frequencies = 6.16–89.56%). Spiromesifen phenotypic resistance monitoring showed that the populations tested had variable levels of resistance, ranging from full susceptibility to high resistance. A strong spiromesifen‐resistance phenotype–genotype (A2083V) correlation (rs = −0.839, P = 0.002) was observed confirming the ddPCR diagnostic value.

Conclusion

The ddPCR diagnostics developed in this study are a valuable tool to support evidence‐based rational use of insecticides and resistance management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Clean and Hydrogen‐Adsorbed AlInP(001) Surfaces: Structures and Electronic Properties
Authors: Glahn Luis Joel , Ruiz Alvarado Isaac Azahel , Neufeld Sergej , Zare Pour Mohammad Amin , Paszuk Agnieszka , Ostheimer David , Shekarabi Sahar , Romanyuk Oleksandr , Moritz Dominik Christian , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Jaegermann Wolfram , Hannappel Thomas , Schmidt Wolf Gero
Published: August 2022

Total energy and electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory are performed in order to determine the atomic structure and electronic properties of clean and hydrogen‐adsorbed Al0.5In0.5P(001) surfaces. It is found that most of the stable surfaces obey the electron‐counting rule and are characterized by surface atom dimerization. The dimer‐related surface states are predicted to occur in the vicinity of the bulk band edges. For a very narrow range of preparation conditions, ab initio thermodynamics predicts metal atomic wires formed by surface cations. A surface covered with a monolayer of buckled phosphorus dimers, where half of the phosphorus atoms are hydrogen saturated, is found to be stable for metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy growth conditions. The occurrence of this structure is confirmed by low‐energy electron diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data measured on epitaxially grown Al0.52In0.48P(001) epilayers lattice matched to GaAs.
Old and new damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Kang Na , Liu Xiaohang , Haneef Kabeer , Liu Wanli
Published: August 2022

All organisms living in complex environments have evolved effective mechanisms of dynamic responses to extracellular stimuli. The immune system activates when damaged or injured cells release damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition to well‐characterized DAMPs such as high‐mobility group box 1 and adenosine triphosphate, studies on new classes of DAMPs have emerged. Here, we review recent reports of a new class of isoprenoid‐derived DAMPs, including farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, both of which are pivotal metabolic intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. We also explore the roles of old and new DAMPs in autoimmune diseases that result from dysregulated inflammation. The findings highlight that understanding the functional mechanisms of DAMPs is important to enrich the DAMP family and decipher their immunoregulatory mechanisms to provide new therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Hareport hazard: Identifying hare activity patterns and increased mammal–aircraft strike risk at an International Airport
Authors: Ball Samantha , Caravaggi Anthony , Butler Fidelma
Published: August 2022

Reported strike events between wildlife and aircraft are hazardous to aircraft and airfield operations and are increasing globally. To develop effective mitigation strategies, the relative hazard a species poses to aircraft, as well as information relating to its life history, are key to the development of effective mitigation strategies in Wildlife Hazard Management Plans. However, given the complex nature of airfield environments with access restrictions and the presence of sensitive equipment, the collection of high‐quality ecological data can be difficult. Here we use motion‐activated camera traps to collect activity data on a population of Irish hares (Lepus timidus hibernicus) inhabiting the airfield at Dublin International Airport, to investigate the link between hare activity and aircraft activity in relation to hare strikes. Camera traps revealed that the hare population at the airfield largely displayed a bimodal crepuscular activity pattern, with activity peaking at sunrise and at sunset. Recorded hare strike times at the airfield were closely associated with hare activity times with a high temporal overlap between these datasets. In comparison, hare activity and aircraft movement activity had a moderate overlap across all seasons, with strikes peaking at times with low aircraft movements. We demonstrate the importance of understanding the circadian and seasonal activity patterns of hazardous species at airfields for targeted strike mitigation.
Slant path rain attenuation predictions for Ku and Ka band frequencies from rain cell size distribution over a tropical region in southern India
Authors: Kalluru Vishnu Vardhan Reddy , Panigrahi Chandrika , Cherlopalli Vedavathi , Sarangam Vijaya Bhaskara Rao
Published: August 2022

Rain cell size distribution that provides an insight into the modelling of effective slant path length and also imperative for site diversity studies are carried out for a tropical inland location, Tirupati (13.6°N, 76.3°E), India. Rain cell size distribution obtained from 5 years (2013–2015 and 2017–2018) of Parsivel disdrometer measurements is observed to follow the power law. Reduction factor that accounts for the inhomogeneity of the rain along the propagation path for the region of study is modified in terms of the rain cell size distribution of the area. Slant path rain attenuation, a major propagation impediment at Ku and Ka‐band links, is then studied using the results from the regional rain characteristics by modifying the CCIR 564‐4 report. The attenuation results are compared with Garcia‐Lopez, Excell, Bryant, and Ramachandran models while considering the ITU‐R P. 618‐13 as the standard model.
Fast Lasso‐type safe screening for Fine‐Gray competing risks model with ultrahigh dimensional covariates
Authors: Wang Hong , Shen Zhenyuan , Tan Zhelun , Zhang Zhuan , Li Gang
Published: August 2022

The Fine‐Gray proportional sub‐distribution hazards (PSH) model is among the most popular regression model for competing risks time‐to‐event data. This article develops a fast safe feature elimination method, named PSH‐SAFE, for fitting the penalized Fine‐Gray PSH model with a Lasso (or adaptive Lasso) penalty. Our PSH‐SAFE procedure is straightforward to implement, fast, and scales well to ultrahigh dimensional data. We also show that as a feature screening procedure, PSH‐SAFE is safe in a sense that the eliminated features are guaranteed to be inactive features in the original Lasso (or adaptive Lasso) estimator for the penalized PSH model. We evaluate the performance of the PSH‐SAFE procedure in terms of computational efficiency, screening efficiency and safety, run‐time, and prediction accuracy on multiple simulated datasets and a real bladder cancer data. Our empirical results show that the PSH‐SAFE procedure possesses desirable screening efficiency and safety properties and can offer substantially improved computational efficiency as well as similar or better prediction performance in comparison to their baseline competitors.
A multi‐method exploration of mindfulness as a coping tool: Perspectives from trauma‐exposed, unhoused women residing at a drug treatment facility
Authors: Garfin Dana Rose , Amador Alexandra , Osorio Jessica , Ruivivar Krista Sadiwa , Torres April , Nyamathi Adeline M.
Published: August 2022

This multi‐method study examined perspectives on mindfulness and coping strategies used by trauma‐exposed women experiencing homelessness (WEH), residing in a state‐funded residential drug treatment site in Southern California (United States). Questionnaires and in‐depth focus group interviews were utilised to examine traumatic experiences over the lifespan, probable‐posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping strategies. Mindfulness was explored as a potential way to improve coping; potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing a mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) with trauma‐exposed WEH were also investigated. A Community Advisory Board (CAB) was formed to identify key issues experienced by WEH and to develop a semi structured interview guide (SSIG). Using the SSIG, women participated in one of four focus groups (total N = 28; n = 7 per group). Quantitative data on demographic indicators, probable‐PTSD, and trauma exposure were collected. Almost 90% of women met criteria for probable‐PTSD; trauma exposure was exceedingly high; most women had experienced multiple traumas throughout their lives. Four main themes emerged from qualitative analyses, which drew from Grounded Theory and used open, selective, and axial coding: (1) ways of coping with trauma; (2) perspectives on mindfulness; (3) prior experiences with mindfulness; and (4) challenges for conducting a mindfulness programme. Overall, WEH used a variety of coping techniques to deal with their trauma, had some familiarity with mindfulness, and were optimistic an MBI would be helpful, despite identifying several challenges to implementation. MBIs may be helpful adjuncts to traditional care for trauma‐exposed, WEH, recovering from substance use disorder. Population‐specific considerations may improve implementation and participation.
Community‐Based Health Insurance scheme implementation in Ethiopia: A mini‐review on the experience and its implementation process
Authors: Tefera Yonas Getaye , Ayele Asnakew Achaw
Published: August 2022

The Community‐Based Health Insurance (CBHI) scheme was introduced in Ethiopia to overcome the population's over‐reliance on direct out‐of‐pocket expenditures for health care and the associated low level of health service utilization. CBHI is an advance payment arrangement, established on the household level, and targeted mainly at informal sectors in rural areas. After a successful 3‐year pilot implementation, the Ethiopian government decided to expand the CBHI scheme implementation. It has received wide interest among community members, especially those living with chronic diseases and perceived impaired family health status. Low enrollment to the scheme was the barrier to its initial expansion due to limited awareness and misconceptions about the program, financial constraints to paying premiums, and dissatisfaction with the health services. The evaluation of CBHI scheme implementation and future implications in Ethiopia could be better seen from both the learning experience during the implementation process and achievements of the policy objectives.
Determination of trace levels of uranium in waste solutions by energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence following adsorption on graphene oxide
Authors: Yoshii Hiroshi , Uwatoko Tetsuaki , Takahashi Hiroaki , Sakai Yasuhiro
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a rapid X‐ray fluorescence (XRF)‐based screening method for the determination of trace uranium in solutions. In this method, uranium present in a solution was adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO), which was collected and subjected to XRF analysis. Upon increasing the sodium ion concentration, the aggregation of GO was promoted, facilitating its collection. Since the GO‐collecting membrane filter was significantly larger than the X‐ray irradiation field of the XRF spectrometer, it was folded to 1/3 of its original length and width. The folded membrane filter was sealed to prevent uranium from contaminating the device and to ensure that the folded membrane filter was sufficiently thin. Subsequently, the amount of sodium perchlorate added to the sample solution was optimized to attain a salinity meter reading of 3%. The minimum detection limit (MDL) for uranium using this method was 0.37 ng ml−1, and the time required to simultaneously analyze six samples was approximately 2 h. Converting the MDL to the radioactivity concentration under conservative conditions generated a value of 0.037 mBq cm−3. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, a standard seawater sample was subjected to analysis, and the uranium concentration determined using our calibration curve agreed with the actual value within a margin of error. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for screening numerous uranium‐contaminated water samples of small volumes.
Double copy for massive scalar field theories
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Liang Qiuyue , Trodden Mark
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We explore extensions of the double copy to massive theories and find a new cubic theory with a local double copy. We consider the nonlinear sigma model and the special galileon theory, massless versions of which are known to be related through the double copy. We show that by performing a Kaluza-Klein reduction of these theories from five dimensions down to four, a double copy relation exists between the resulting massive four-dimensional scalar field theories. This requires the vanishing contribution of new galileon terms arising in high dimensions. We further explore if other interactions that do not arise from a dimensional reduction of the nonlinear sigma model could be double copied and find a new cubic interaction which satisfies the BCJ relations up to 5-point amplitudes.
Searching for inelastic dark matter with future LHC experiments
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Scaffidi Andre , Taoso Marco
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We consider a dark sector containing a pair of almost degenerate states coupled to the Standard Model through a dark photon mediator. This set-up constitutes a simple realization of the inelastic dark matter scenario. The heaviest dark state is long-lived, in the limit of a small kinetic mixing among the dark photon and the Standard Model hypercharge gauge boson, and/or of a small mass splitting among the dark states. We study the prospects for detection of this scenario at proposed LHC experiments dedicated to search for long-lived particles, namely FASER, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, AL3X, MAPP, ANUBIS and FACET. We consider both the cases of fermionic and scalar inelastic dark matter. We show that these experimental facilities can probe unexplored regions of the parameter space of this model, and we highlight their complementary roles.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations in curved space from 4D Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Py Victor
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we shed new light onto $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformations by engineering them on 2D surface defects, supporting chiral and antichiral CFT’s, in a 4D Chern-Simons bulk. This approach is motivated by various connections between $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformations, gravity and Chern-Simons theory and suggests that the formalism developed in this paper and the gravity picture of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformations should be closely related.
Spacetime evolution during moduli stabilization in radiation dominated era beyond 4D effective theory
Authors: Otsuka Hajime , Sakamura Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We investigate the time evolution of the background spacetime during the moduli stabilization process, which is assumed to occur in the radiation dominated era. The setup is basically the Salam-Sezgin model, but we add a potential term for the dilaton in order to stabilize the moduli completely. We numerically solve the higher-dimensional background field equations, including a case that the stabilization process cannot be described within the 4D effective theory. In contrast to the conventional 4D effective theory analysis, we find that when the mass scale of the stabilization is larger than the compactification scale, the radiation contribution to the total energy density remains to be non-negligible for a much longer time than the stabilization time scale. As a result, the non-compact 3D space expands slower than the matter dominated universe. We also find the equation of state for the radiation wrad remains to be smaller than 1/3 for a long time, which indicates that the radiation still feels the extra dimensions for a while even after the moduli are stabilized.
Colony self-shading facilitates Symbiodiniaceae cohabitation in a South Pacific coral community
Authors: Lewis Robert E. , Davy Simon K. , Gardner Stephanie G. , Rongo Teina , Suggett David J. , Nitschke Matthew R.
Published: August 2022

The ecological success of tropical corals is regulated by symbiotic dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodiniaceae). Corals can associate with multiple Symbiodiniaceae species simultaneously, yet the conditions that permit Symbiodiniaceae cohabitation are not understood. We examined how corals self-shade their own tissues causing within-colony light gradients that drive Symbiodiniaceae photoacclimatory processes and positional genetic disparity. Paired light ‘exposed’ and ‘shaded’ samples from 20 coral species were collected from a shallow coral reef (Rarotonga, Cook Islands). Through active chlorophyll fluorometry, rapid light curves revealed that exposed Symbiodiniaceae exhibited 50% higher values in minimum saturating irradiances and demonstrated a shift towards preferential nonphotochemical quenching [1 – Q], consistent with higher overall light exposure. High-throughput or targeted DNA sequencing of ITS2 and psbAncr markers demonstrated that corals harboured distinct and/or differentially abundant Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 sequences (typically rare in relative abundance) or multiple ITS2 intragenomic variant profiles across shaded vs exposed regions. In Hydnophora cf. microconos, within-colony symbiont genetic disparity was positively correlated with the magnitude of difference in [1 – Q] utilisation. Together, these results suggest that within-colony light gradients produce distinct optical niches that enable symbiont cohabitation via photoadaptation, a phenomenon that is expected to increase the adaptive capacity of corals under future climates.
Accurate quantification of blood flow wall shear stress using simulation-based imaging: a synthetic, comparative study
Authors: Naudet Charles J. , Töger Johannes , Zahr Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Simulation-based imaging (SBI) is a blood flow imaging technique that optimally fits a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to low-resolution, noisy magnetic resonance (MR) flow data to produce a high-resolution velocity field. In this work, we study the effectivity of SBI in predicting wall shear stress (WSS) relative to standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) postprocessing techniques using two synthetic numerical experiments: steady flow through an idealized, two-dimensional stenotic vessel and a model of an adult aorta. In particular, we study the sensitivity of these two approaches with respect to the Reynolds number of the underlying flow, the resolution of the MRI data, and the noise in the MRI data. We found that the SBI WSS reconstruction: (1) is insensitive to Reynolds number over the range considered ($$\mathrm {Re} \le 1000$$

Re
≤
1000

), (2) improves as the amount of MRI data increases and provides accurate reconstructions with as little as three MRI voxels per diameter, and (3) degrades linearly as the noise in the data increases with a slope determined by the resolution of the MRI data. We also consider the sensitivity of SBI to the resolution of the CFD mesh and found there is flexibility in the mesh used for SBI, although the WSS reconstruction becomes more sensitive to other parameters, particularly the resolution of the MRI data, for coarser meshes. This indicates a fundamental trade-off between scan time (i.e., MRI data quality and resolution) and reconstruction time using SBI, which is inherently different than the trade-off between scan time and reconstruction quality observed in standard MRI postprocessing techniques.
Severe congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by agrin mutations affecting secretion by motoneurons
Authors: Jacquier Arnaud , Risson Valérie , Simonet Thomas , Roussange Florine , Lacoste Nicolas , Ribault Shams , Carras Julien , Theuriet Julian , Girard Emmanuelle , Grosjean Isabelle , Le Goff Laure , Kröger Stephan , Meltoranta Julia , Bauché Stéphanie , Sternberg Damien , Fournier Emmanuel , Kostera-Pruszczyk Anna , O’Connor Emily , Eymard Bruno , Lochmüller Hanns , Martinat Cécile , Schaeffer Laurent
Published: August 2022

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are predominantly characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability and can be caused by a variety of mutations in genes required for neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance. Among them, AGRN encodes agrin, an essential synaptic protein secreted by motoneurons. We have identified severe CMS patients with uncharacterized p.R1671Q, p.R1698P and p.L1664P mutations in the LG2 domain of agrin. Overexpression in primary motoneurons cultures in vitro and in chick spinal motoneurons in vivo revealed that the mutations modified agrin trafficking, leading to its accumulation in the soma and/or in the axon. Expression of mutant agrins in cultured cells demonstrated accumulation of agrin in the endoplasmic reticulum associated with induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and impaired secretion in the culture medium. Interestingly, evaluation of the specific activity of individual agrins on AChR cluster formation indicated that when secreted, mutant agrins retained a normal capacity to trigger the formation of AChR clusters. To confirm agrin accumulation and secretion defect, iPS cells were derived from a patient and differentiated into motoneurons. Patient iPS-derived motoneurons accumulated mutant agrin in the soma and increased XBP1 mRNA splicing, suggesting UPR activation. Moreover, co-cultures of patient iPS-derived motoneurons with myotubes confirmed the deficit in agrin secretion and revealed a reduction in motoneuron survival. Altogether, we report the first mutations in AGRN gene that specifically affect agrin secretion by motoneurons. Interestingly, the three patients carrying these mutations were initially suspected of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Therefore, in the presence of patients with a clinical presentation of SMA but without mutation in the SMN1 gene, it can be worth to look for mutations in AGRN.
Abdominal hernia mesh repair in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Ewalds-Kvist Béatrice Marianne , Laliotis Aggelos
Published: August 2022

Background

Postoperative hernia-repair complications are frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This fact challenges surgeons’ decision about hernia mesh management in these patients. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the hernia mesh repair in IBD patients with emphasis on risk factors for postoperative complications.

Method

A systematic review was done in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. A search was carried out on PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. English language articles published from inception to October 2021 were included in this study. MERSQI scores were applied along with evidence grades in agreement with GRADE’s recommendations. The research protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021247185).

Results

The present systematic search resulted in 11,243 citations with a final inclusion of 10 citations. One paper reached high and 4 moderate quality. Patients with IBD exhibit about 27% recurrence after hernia repair. Risk factors for overall abdominal septic morbidity in Crohn’s disease comprised enteroprosthetic fistula, mesh withdrawals, surgery duration, malnutrition biological mesh, and gastrointestinal concomitant procedure.

Conclusion

Patients with IBD were subject, more so than controls to postoperative complications and hernia recurrence. The use of a diversity of mesh types, a variety of position techniques, and several surgical choices in the citations left room for less explicit and more implicit inferences as regards best surgical option for hernia repair in patients with IBD.
Element-level features in conjoint episodes in dual-tasking
Authors: Pelzer Lasse , Naefgen Christoph , Gaschler Robert , Haider Hilde
Published: August 2022

The usual way of thinking about dual-tasking is that the participants represent the two tasks separately. However, several findings suggest that the participants rather seem to integrate the elements of both tasks into a conjoint episode. In three experiments, we aimed at further testing this task integration account in dual-tasking. To this end, we investigated how the processing of the previous Trial n-1 shapes the processing of the current Trial n. We observed performance benefits when the stimulus–response mappings of both tasks repeat in consecutive trials (full repetition: FR) as compared to when only one such mapping repeats (partial repetition: PR). In particular, our experiments focused on the question which elements of the two tasks in dual-tasking might be bound together. For this purpose, in Experiments 1 and 2, all participants performed a dual-task consisting of a visual–manual search task (VST) and an auditory–manual discrimination task (ADT). In the VST the stimulus–response mappings were variable, so that none of the stimuli of this task systematically predicted a certain response. In Experiment 1, the stimuli and responses of the VST were either both repeated or both changed in consecutive trials. In Experiment 2, we removed the stimulus repetitions in the VST and only the responses repeated across trials. In Experiment 3, we changed the ADT into a visual–auditory matching task (VAMT) with variable stimulus–response mappings, so that in both tasks only the responses repeated across trials. In Experiments 1 and 2, we observed better performance for FR than for PR, while this difference disappeared in Experiment 3. Together, the results suggest that the stimulus of one task is sufficient to retrieve the entire episode from the previous trial.