bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence mechanism of leaders’ abusive supervision on employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ling , Wang Ming-Yue , Liu Jun-Na
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior is common and plays an important role in enterprise management. Based on the resource conservation theory and self-regulation theory, the purpose of this study is to explore the influence mechanism of leaders’ abusive supervision on employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior, with psychological safety as a mediator and mindfulness at workplace as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were gathered from 591 employees’ self-assessment questionnaires in China. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the research model through SPSS and AMOS.

Findings

This study found that the leaders’ abusive supervision negatively affects employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior; employees’ psychological safety completely mediates the negative effect of leaders’ abusive supervision on employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior; and mindfulness at work moderates the influence of leaders’ abusive supervision on employee’ bootlegging innovation behavior, as well as the influence of leaders’ abusive supervision on employees’ psychological safety.

Research limitations/implications

This study has significant implications in passive leadership that affect employees’ innovation. Authors found that leaders’ abusive supervise, mindfulness at workplace play a crucial role in employees’ bootleg innovation through psychological safety.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this study has enriched the antecedent research on employees’ bootlegging innovation behavior from the perspective of negative leadership behavior and employee psychology. And this study considered mindfulness at workplace as a boundary condition.
Jokes and quarrels: a cross-cultural investigation of humor and conflict transformation in groups
Authors: Andreea Gheorghe , Curșeu Petru Lucian , Fodor Oana Cătălina
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between different styles of humorous communication (i.e. controlling and liberating) and conflict transformation in groups, in particular the transformation of task and process conflicts into relationship conflict. This study also examines the extent to which power distance moderates the association between controlling humor and relationship conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data using a survey from 536 participants from two different countries varying in power distance (Romania and The Netherlands) working in groups in organizations from various sectors.

Findings

Supporting the hypotheses presented in this study, multi-level data analyses showed that liberating humor has a positive association with task conflict, while controlling humor has a positive association with both process and relationship conflict. Moreover, task and process conflict mediate the relationship between liberating and controlling humor (predictors) and relationship conflict (outcome). The hypothesis regarding the moderating effect of power distance was not fully supported by the data.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the multilevel interplay of humor and intragroup conflict in cross-cultural settings and shows how various types of humor can shape the emergence of conflict and its transformation.
Revisiting the notion of the public library as a meeting place: challenges to the mission of promoting democracy in times of political turmoil
Authors: Carlsson Hanna , Hanell Fredrik , Engström Lisa
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This article explores how public librarians understand and perform the democratic mission of public libraries in times of political and social turbulence and critically discusses the idea of public libraries as meeting places.

Design/methodology/approach

Five group interviews conducted with public librarians in southern Sweden are analyzed using a typology of four perspectives on democracy.

Findings

Two perspectives on democracy are commonly represented: social-liberal democracy, focusing on libraries as promoters of equality and deliberative democracy, focusing on the library as a place for rational deliberation. Two professional dilemmas in particular present challenges to librarians: how to handle undemocratic voices and how to be a library for all.

Originality/value

The analysis points to a need for rethinking the idea of the meeting place and offers a rare example of an empirically based argument for the benefits of plural agonistics for analyzing and strengthening the democratic role of public libraries.
Patients’ experiences of forensic mental health inpatient care: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Humphries Karen , Clarke Caroline , Willoughby Kate , Smithson Jake
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the experience of secure care from the patients’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of qualitative literature was conducted. The data was sourced from the electronic databases: PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline and the Web of Science Core Collection using pre-defined search terms. A total of 17 studies, conducted in various countries worldwide and covering high, medium and low secure inpatient settings, were included for review. The analysis involved integrating findings from across the literature and was guided by thematic synthesis.

Findings

A total of eight themes were generated from the data, three of which provided an understanding of the experience of forensic secure care, and the remaining five themes provided an understanding of the factors which may influence the experience of secure care.

Practical implications

Developing understanding of patient experience can lead to service improvements, potentially impacting patients’ motivation and engagement and thus reducing admission times, potential recalls and recidivism.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review to date to exclusively explore the broad topic of the patient experience of secure mental health care.
Exploring accountability: memory, object, metaphor and common sense
Authors: Mustafa Hasri
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to narrate the descriptions of accountability by which a pioneering Malaysian Islamic bank has come to be known and has become a specific model in many countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a four-year ethnographic work from 2002 to 2006, as accessed and analysed by the researcher. The philosophy underpinning this ethnography is from Geertz’s “Common sense as a cultural system” (1975) and The Interpretation of Cultures (1973).

Findings

This study finds the religious metaphors of “Halal and Haram is not Only on Food” and “Bank for All” are the anticipated conception that envisages the institution of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB), especially the perspective of the Shariah Supervisory Council and the struggles of the assistant managers.

Research limitations/implications

The paper aligns with the concerns of McPhail et al. (2004) and calls for engagement in research projects on accounting and accountability related to theology but with an attempt to theorise the “engagement” within the components of human limitation and intelligence which require a narrative from the social and collective dimensions of the present and in the past.

Practical implications

By using various objects as symbol, metaphor and memory, such as “counter”, “branch”, “advertising” and “food”, the paper encourages readers to understand the objects as temporalities brought into being by a common sense consciousness and within a historical Malay context; one in which Malaysia is a Muslim society and a by-product of colonialism. This interpretation allows the issues raised by BIMB to represent an authentic Malaysian voice rather than to be read merely as an adjunct to western accounting history.

Originality/value

The paper explores the translations of concepts that the self probes and attempts to describe accountability, as well as how these translate into common sense.
What are the essential elements of a digital transformation process to develop an efficient digitization strategy for management?
Authors: Behrens Viktoria Joy , Pjero Elenica , Krause Simon , Hangl Johannes
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, digital transformation has taken on heightened importance. This paper aims to identify the key components of successful digital transformations. As the IT industry is at the forefront of digital transformation, the insights and outcomes of this study can be advantageous to other sectors. This can assist other organizations in expediting their transformation journey and reducing costs.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted through a quantitative survey, which underwent a rigorous development process. The questionnaire was designed with clear objectives, informed by a thorough review of existing literature and a qualitative survey. Initial questions were formulated and reviewed internally before being pretested with a small group. Based on feedback, the questions were refined, and clarifying hints were added. The final survey was conducted, and the resulting data were analyzed to identify essential components of digital transformations and relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring success.

Findings

A digital transformation's leading and essential components are mindsets, communication, strategy, technology and people. This relates well to the meta-study. The result of the determined KPIs is also interesting. According to the survey, the degree of automation, efficiency gain, employer survey and financial numbers are identified as important factors. Moreover, the increasing number of companies embracing digital transformation is a promising trend, indicating the relevance of this study's content for the future and its potential to assist in successful transformation.

Research limitations/implications

The respondents in Germany showed a distinct pattern, but the outcomes could vary if the questionnaire had a more equitable representation of regions and countries worldwide. A similar situation applies to company size, as many participants were from large enterprises. Analyzing medium and small businesses may alter the findings. It is debatable whether KPIs alone can effectively facilitate a successful digital transformation. Besides the components, tracking the transformation's outcome and progress thoroughly is crucial to ensure the process aligns from start to finish.

Originality/value

Overall, these results provide very precise and valid points that are necessary for digital transformation. With the knowledge gained from the IT sector, companies from other industries can already take the first step and plan for a digital transformation. In summary, relevant building blocks for a digital transformation have been found with the help of the survey.
Skilled managers and capital financing decisions: navigating Chinese firms through financing constraints and growth opportunities
Authors: Zahid R.M. Ammar , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Kaleem Muhammad Shafiq
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Executive decisions regarding capital financing are an important management aspect, especially during financing constraints and growth opportunities. The current study examines the impact of managerial skills of a company on capital financing decisions. Furthermore, it analyzed this nexus in financing constraints and growth opportunity situations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the GMM (generalized method of moments) estimation approach on a dataset of 20,651 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share companies from 2010 to 2019.

Findings

The authors’ findings are compatible with management signaling and reputation enhancement theories, since they show that managerial skill is connected with more substantial debt financing. Managers with high management skills are likely to have more debt financing as they can foresee the economic future of their companies and tactfully convey private information, lowering information inequality and enhancing their reputation. Furthermore, the authors also show that firms with restricted financial resources and growth opportunities make this relationship stronger. Capital structure and managerial skill findings are unaffected by alternative specifications, omitted factors, industry group bias and endogeneity.

Originality/value

This study sheds fresh light on the essential manager personality trait of managing ability and how it influences complicated corporate decision-making, particularly in the tough environment due to financing constraints and competitive growth. The authors argue that high-ability managers are compelled to use debt financing not only to lessen information asymmetry but also to guarantee that the market finds their superior ability. This work contributes significantly to the managerial ability literature and the capital structure literature supporting signaling theory.
Joint Strategic Needs Assessments in London, the LGBTQ+ population and the latter’s health, care and wellbeing needs
Authors: Thomas Ben , Sladen Mark
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Joint Strategic Needs Assessments (JSNAs) are intended to help create evidence-based priorities for public health commissioning at local government level in the UK. They are supposed to consider the needs of people with protected characteristics, and this study aims to look at how the JSNAs for London are serving the city’s lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) population.

Design/methodology/approach

JSNAs are documentary data and are in the public domain. Each of the 31 JSNAs for London was individually assessed against a series of questions designed to test their inclusion of the local LGBTQ+ population.

Findings

Fewer than one in five of London’s JSNAs: had a dedicated LGBTQ+ section; cited bespoke research into, or engagement with, the local LGBTQ+ population; made recommendations for specialist services for people from this community; or considered intersectionality in the context of this population.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that many of London’s JSNAs contain little information on the city’s local LGBTQ+ population and only minimal assessment of its health, care and wellbeing needs. Recommendations include conducting further research on this population at the local level, using available guidance and engaging best practice.
Fatal communication: disaster at Quincy
Authors: O'Brien Jamie , Antos Anna R.
Published: July 2023

Research methodology

The technical report released by the National Transportation Safety Board, along with the primary flight cockpit voice recorder data and archival interview data, were used as the basis for this case. Other available public data such as news reports were used to round out the synopsis of the case study.

Case overview/synopsis

United Express Flight 5925 was a scheduled commuter passenger flight operated by Great Lakes Airlines with a Beechcraft 1900 twin turboprop. It was a regularly scheduled flight from Chicago O'Hare International Airport to Quincy, Illinois, with an intermediate stop in Burlington, Iowa. Drawing from various first-hand accounts (cockpit voice recorder) and secondary evidence (news reports, archival interview data, and online sources) of the tragedy, the case provides a detailed account of the key events that took place leading up to the accident at Quincy regional airport. The case describes how the radio interactions, a jammed door and degradation of situational awareness all contributed to the accident. Through many of the quotes in the text and eyewitness accounts, readers gain an understanding of the impressions and perceptions of the pilots, including how they felt about many of the critical decisions in the last minutes of the flight and the situation at the airport.

Complexity academic level

When the authors teach this case, the students are required to read it as pre-reading before class. Various readings and materials (see supplemental readings below and Exhibit 3) are made available to students before class, and the instructor can choose to use some of these materials to further explore areas of interest. This case is best explored over a 90-min session but could be expanded to take up one 3-h session. This case can be covered in an undergraduate senior capstone organizational behaviour seminar, any general organizational behaviour class (including introductory in nature), an undergraduate communication theory class or an MBA class that focuses on applied organizational behaviour concepts. It works particularly well in the MBA class, as students with work experience can make the links between the behaviours explored in the case and their everyday workplaces.
Diosmetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside suppresses endothelial–mesenchymal transformation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Wang Huahua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Yunyun , Wang Yingyu , Peng Yunru , Ding Yongfang
Published: July 2023

Diosmetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside) is a natural flavonoid glycoside known to have a therapeutic application for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is the main pathological change in the end stage of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) via Src pathways is involved in the process of cardiac fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether and how diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside regulates EndMT and ER stress to treat cardiac fibrosis. In this study, molecular docking results showed that diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside bound well to ER stress and Src pathway markers. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside suppressed cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and reduced the levels of EndMT, ER stress in mice heart. Primary cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) to perform EndMT. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside could effectively regulate EndMT and diminish the accumulation of collagen I and collagen III. We also showed that the tube formation in CMECs was restored, and the capacity of migration was partially inhibited. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside also ameliorated ER stress through the three unfolded protein response branches, as evidenced by organelle structure in transmission electron microscopy images and the expression of protein biomarkers like the glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Further analysis showed that diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside could suppress the expression level of Src phosphorylation, then block EndMT with the maintenance of endothelial appearance and endothelial marker expression. These results suggested that the diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside can regulate EndMT through ER stress, at least in part via Src‐dependent pathways.
Can we manage microbial systems to enhance carbon storage?
Authors: Mahmoudi Nagissa , Wilhelm Roland C.
Published: July 2023

Climate change is an urgent environmental issue with wide‐ranging impacts on ecosystems and society. Microbes are instrumental in maintaining the balance between carbon (C) accumulation and loss in the biosphere, actively regulating greenhouse gas fluxes from vast reservoirs of organic C stored in soils, sediments and oceans. Heterotrophic microbes exhibit varying capacities to access, degrade and metabolise organic C—leading to variations in remineralisation and turnover rates. The present challenge lies in effectively translating this accumulated knowledge into strategies that effectively steer the fate of organic C towards prolonged sequestration. In this article, we discuss three ecological scenarios that offer potential avenues for shaping C turnover rates in the environment. Specifically, we explore the promotion of slow‐cycling microbial byproducts, the facilitation of higher carbon use efficiency, and the influence of biotic interactions. The ability to harness and control these processes relies on the integration of ecological principles and management practices, combined with advances in economically viable technologies to effectively manage microbial systems in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND DISSENT FOR POSTCOLONIAL URBAN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS
Authors: Johnston Matt , Darkey Dan , Ibsen Hilde
Published: July 2023

Environmental justice principles are widespread at national and global levels of transition discourse, but this is sometimes irrelevant to marginalized communities. To address this issue, we apply environmental justice theory to a participatory postcolonial urban case study where poverty, unemployment and inequality continue to incentivize unregulated exploitation of vulnerable environments and people. It is unclear how national legislation can provide for indiscriminate access to environments that promote wellbeing in complex postcolonial communities, where xenophobic and economic discrimination reproduces colonial‐style inequalities. To resist this injustice, the combination of academic and ordinary expressions of critique that confront regressive praxis and orthodoxies becomes a valuable and constructive political innovation for transitions. Empirical results suggest that enfranchising the most vulnerable proponents of transformation could advance their political capital to advocate for themselves, formulate and enculturate decolonized visions of urban sustainability, demand governmental and commercial accountability and foster urban reform that is relevant to them.
Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT
Authors: Budhwar Pawan , Chowdhury Soumyadeb , Wood Geoffrey , Aguinis Herman , Bamber Greg J. , Beltran Jose R. , Boselie Paul , Lee Cooke Fang , Decker Stephanie , DeNisi Angelo , Dey Prasanta Kumar , Guest David , Knoblich Andrew J. , Malik Ashish , Paauwe Jaap , Papagiannidis Savvas , Patel Charmi , Pereira Vijay , Ren Shuang , Rogelberg Steven , Saunders Mark N. K. , Tung Rosalie L. , Varma Arup
Published: July 2023

ChatGPT and its variants that use generative artificial intelligence (AI) models have rapidly become a focal point in academic and media discussions about their potential benefits and drawbacks across various sectors of the economy, democracy, society, and environment. It remains unclear whether these technologies result in job displacement or creation, or if they merely shift human labour by generating new, potentially trivial or practically irrelevant, information and decisions. According to the CEO of ChatGPT, the potential impact of this new family of AI technology could be as big as “the printing press”, with significant implications for employment, stakeholder relationships, business models, and academic research, and its full consequences are largely undiscovered and uncertain. The introduction of more advanced and potent generative AI tools in the AI market, following the launch of ChatGPT, has ramped up the “AI arms race”, creating continuing uncertainty for workers, expanding their business applications, while heightening risks related to well‐being, bias, misinformation, context insensitivity, privacy issues, ethical dilemmas, and security. Given these developments, this perspectives editorial offers a collection of perspectives and research pathways to extend HRM scholarship in the realm of generative AI. In doing so, the discussion synthesizes the literature on AI and generative AI, connecting it to various aspects of HRM processes, practices, relationships, and outcomes, thereby contributing to shaping the future of HRM research.
Prevalence and correlates of the use of complementary and alternative medicines among older adults with joint pain
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Jones Graeme , Blizzard Leigh , Aitken Dawn , Zhou Zhen , Wang Mengmeng , Balogun Saliu , Cicuttini Flavia , Antony Benny
Published: July 2023

Background

There is increasing use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) alone or as an adjuvant therapy to conventional medicines in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of the use of CAMs among community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

Data from the Tasmania Older Adult Cohort Study (TASOAC, n = 1099) were used to describe the prevalence of CAM use. Correlates of CAM use were assessed by comparing CAM users and non‐users. To further assess correlates of CAM use, participants with at least one joint with pain were classified into four categories: CAM‐only, analgesics‐only, co‐therapy, and “neither CAMs nor analgesics” (NCNA).

Results

In all, 385 (35.0%) of our participants reported use of CAMs, among which vitamins/minerals were used most (22.6%, n = 232). Compared with CAM non‐users, CAM users were more likely to be female, were less likely to be overweight, were better educated, had more joints with OA, had fewer WOMAC scores, and did more steps per day. Among participants with any joint pain, the CAM‐only group were less likely to be overweight, consumed more alcohol, had higher quality of life, had more steps per day, and had fewer pain‐related symptoms compared with the analgesic‐only group.

Conclusion

Complementary and alternative medicines were commonly used among Tasmanian older adults, with 35% of the population using CAMs either alone or in combination with conventional analgesics. CAM users were more likely to be female, be better educated, have more joints with OA, and had healthier lifestyles, including lower body mass index and higher number of steps per day.
Attention deficit hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in adolescence and risk of substance use disorders—A general population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Mustonen Antti , Rodriguez Alina , Scott James G. , Vuori Miika , Hurtig Tuula , Halt Anu‐Helmi , Miettunen Jouko , Alakokkare Anni‐Emilia , Niemelä Solja
Published: July 2023

Background

Externalizing symptoms are associated with risk of future substance use disorder (SUD). Few longitudinal studies exist using general population‐based samples which assess the spectrum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms.

Aims/Objectives

We aimed to study the associations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and subsequent SUD and additionally examine whether the risk of SUD is influenced by comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms.

Methods

The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 was linked to nationwide health care register data for incident SUD diagnoses until age 33 years (n = 6278, 49.5% male). ADHD/ODD‐case status at age 16 years was defined using parent‐rated ADHD indicated by Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) questionnaire with 95% percentile cut‐off. To assess the impact of ODD comorbidity on SUD risk, participants were categorized into four groups based on their ADHD/ODD case status. Cox‐regression analysis with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to study associations between adolescent ADHD/ODD case statuses and subsequent SUD.

Results

In all, 552 participants (8.8%) presented with ADHD case status at the age of 16 years, and 154/6278 (2.5%) were diagnosed with SUD during the follow‐up. ADHD case status was associated with SUD during the follow‐up (HR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.69–5.50). After adjustments for sex, family structure, and parental psychiatric disorder and early substance use the association with ADHD case status and SUD remained statistically significant (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.70–3.98). The risk of SUD remained elevated in individuals with ADHD case status irrespective of ODD symptoms.

Conclusions

ADHD in adolescence was associated with incident SUD in those with and without symptoms of ODD. The association of ADHD and SUD persisted even after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounds. This emphasizes the need to identify preventative strategies for adolescents with ADHD so as to improve health outcomes.
Beware of little expenses: Low‐value endocrinological blood tests in geriatric medical inpatients
Authors: Tan Sheryn , Vuong Alysha , Kovoor Joshua , Gupta Aashray , Chan WengOnn , Umapathysivam Mahesh , Wong Bianca , Gluck Samuel , Gilbert Toby , Bacchi Stephen
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Blood tests for endocrinological derangements are frequently requested in general medical inpatients, in particular those in the older age group. Interrogation of these tests may present opportunities for healthcare savings.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective study over a 2.5‐year period examined the frequency with which three common endocrinological investigations [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), HbA1c, 25‐hydroxy Vitamin D3] were performed in this population, including the frequency of duplicate tests within a given admission, and the frequency of abnormal test results. The Medicare Benefits Schedule was used to calculate the cost associated with these tests.

Results

There were 28,564 individual admissions included in the study. Individuals ≥65 years old were the majority of inpatients in whom the selected tests were performed (80% of tests). TSH was performed in 6730 admissions, HbA1c was performed in 2259 admissions, and vitamin D levels were performed in 5632 admissions. There were 6114 vitamin D tests performed during the study period, of which 2911 (48%) returned outside the normal range. The cost associated with vitamin D level testing was $183,726. Over the study period, 8% of tests for TSH, HbA1c, and Vitamin D were duplicates (where a second test was performed within a single admission), which was associated with a cost of $32,134.

Conclusions

Tests for common endocrinological abnormalities are associated with significant healthcare costs. Avenues by which future savings may be pursued include the investigation of strategies to reduce duplicate ordering and examining the rationale and guidelines associated with ordering tests such as vitamin D levels.
Causal Effects, Migration, and Legacy Studies
Authors: Marbach Moritz
Published: July 2023

Political scientists have long been interested in the persistent effects of history on contemporary behavior and attitudes. To estimate legacy effects, studies often compare people living in places that were historically exposed to some event and those that were not. Using principal stratification, we provide a formal framework to analyze how migration limits our ability to learn about the persistent effects of history from observed differences between historically exposed and unexposed places. We state the necessary assumptions about movement behavior to causally identify legacy effects. We highlight that these assumptions are strong; therefore, we recommend that legacy studies circumvent bias by collecting data on people's place of residence at the exposure time. Reexamining a study on the persistent effects of U.S. civil rights protests, we show that observed attitudinal differences between residents and nonresidents of historic protest sites are more likely due to migration rather than attitudinal change.
App‐based mindfulness training supported eudaimonic wellbeing during the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Keenan Oliver , Ziegler Matthias , Ciesielski Pawel , Wahl Julia E. , Mazurkiewicz Magdalena
Published: July 2023

A randomized‐controlled‐trial study (N = 219) tested two pre‐registered hypotheses that mobile‐phone app‐based mindfulness training improves wellbeing and increases self‐transcendent emotions: gratitude, self‐compassion, and awe. Latent change score modeling with a robust maximum likelihood estimator was used to test how those changes are associated in the training versus the waiting‐list group. The training increased wellbeing and all self‐transcendent emotions regardless of interindividual variance in the changes across time. Changes in all self‐transcendent emotions were positively associated with changes in wellbeing. The strength of those associations was comparable in the waiting‐list group and the training group. More studies are needed to test whether the effects of mindfulness practice on wellbeing are driven by increases in self‐transcendent emotions. The study was conducted over 6 weeks during the COVID19 pandemic. The results indicate that the mindfulness training can be an easily accessible effective intervention supporting eudaimonic wellbeing in face of adversity.
The role of accuracy in children's judgments of experts' knowledge
Authors: Williams Allison J. , Danovitch Judith H.
Published: July 2023

Across two studies, children ages 6–9 (N = 160, 82 boys, 78 girls; 75% White, 91% non‐Hispanic) rated an inaccurate expert's knowledge and provided explanations for the expert's inaccurate statements. In Study 1, children's knowledge ratings decreased as he provided more inaccurate information. Ratings were predicted by age (i.e., older children gave lower ratings than younger children) and how children explained the error. Children's ratings followed similar patterns in Study 2. However, children delegated new questions to the inaccurate expert, even after rating him as having little to no knowledge. These results suggest that 6‐ to 9‐year‐olds weigh accuracy over expertise when making epistemic judgments, but, when they need assistance, they will still seek out information from a previously inaccurate expert.
Alveolar ridge preservation of damaged or periodontally compromised extraction sockets with bovine‐ and porcine‐derived block bone substitutes: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Kim Yeon‐Tae , Jeong Seong‐Nyum
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) was introduced to minimize postextraction alveolar bone loss and extraction socket remodeling; however, current knowledge of the ARP procedure for nonintact extraction sockets is still limited and inconclusive. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the difference between using deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) and deproteinized porcine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DPBM‐C) when performing ARP procedures in damaged or periodontally compromised extraction sockets based on clinical, radiographic, and profilometric outcomes.

Methods

In total, 108 extraction sockets were grafted with 67 DBBM‐C and 41 DPBM‐C. Changes in radiographic (horizontal width and vertical height) and profilometric outcomes were measured after the ARP procedure and before the implant surgery. Postoperative discomfort (including the severity and duration of pain and swelling), early wound healing outcomes (including spontaneous bleeding and persistent swelling), implant stability, and treatment modalities for implant placement were also assessed.

Results

Radiographically, the DBBM‐C group decreased by −1.70 ± 2.26 mm (−21.50%) and − 1.39 ± 1.85 mm (−30.47%) horizontally and vertically, and the corresponding DPBM‐C group decreased by −1.66 ± 1.80 mm (−20.82%) and −1.44 ± 1.97 mm (−27.89%) horizontally and vertically at an average of 5.6 months. There were no serious or adverse complications in any of the cases, and none of the measured parameters differed significantly between the groups.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, ARP with DBBM‐C and DPBM‐C showed similar clinical, radiographic, and profilometric outcomes in nonintact extraction sockets.
Complementary elements of support after gastric‐bypass surgery perceived by adults with previous type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study 2 years after bariatric surgery
Authors: Randell Eva , Katsogiannos Petros , Leksell Janeth , Eriksson Jan W. , Sundbom Magnus , Engström Maria Svedbo
Published: July 2023

Bariatric surgery is the most medically and cost‐effective treatment for adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our findings suggest initial improvements in health‐related quality of life that may decline as support from follow‐up care ends. How patients experience long‐term support is not well described. This study therefore aimed to investigate how adults with previous T2DM perceived different sources of support 2 years after bariatric surgery. In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted with 13 adults (10 women) 2 years after surgery. Using thematic analysis, one overarching theme (compiling complementary elements of support after gastric‐bypass surgery), four themes and nine subthemes emerged. The results show that support was given and received from various sources, support needs varied over time depending on where the patient was in the process and that the sources of support were complementary. To conclude, our results show that support needs change in adults who have undergone bariatric surgery. Long‐term professional and day‐to‐day support from family and other networks are essential and complementary elements of support. Healthcare staff should consider these findings, especially during the early follow‐up period.
Online short text clustering using infinite extensions of discrete mixture models
Authors: Hannachi Samar , Najar Fatma , Ennajari Hafsa , Bouguila Nizar
Published: July 2023

Short text clustering is one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing. Different from traditional documents, short texts are ambiguous and sparse due to their short form and the lack of recurrence in word usage from one text to another, making it very challenging to apply conventional machine learning algorithms directly. In this article, we propose two novel approaches for short texts clustering: collapsed Gibbs sampling infinite generalized Dirichlet multinomial mixture model infinite GSGDMM) and collapsed Gibbs sampling infinite Beta‐Liouville multinomial mixture model (infinite GSBLMM). We adopt two flexible and practical priors to the multinomial distribution where in the first one the generalized Dirichlet distribution is integrated, while the second one is based on the Beta‐Liouville distribution. We evaluate the proposed approaches on two famous benchmark datasets, namely, Google News and Tweet. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our models compared to basic approaches that use Dirichlet priors. We further propose to improve the performance of our methods with an online clustering procedure. We also evaluate the performance of our methods for the outlier detection task, in which we achieve accurate results.
Introducing a novel histopathological scoring system to assess disease activity and chronicity in cutaneous lichen planus: A proposal
Authors: Dixit Sonali , Jain Pragya , Jain Sonal , Gupta Richa , Grover Chander , Sharma Sonal
Published: July 2023

Background

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune attack by cytotoxic T‐cells. The clinical course is variable, with episodes of remission and exacerbation. A clinicopathological scoring system for cutaneous LP is not available for effectively assessing disease severity and monitoring treatment response. This study was designed with the aim of proposing an objective and reproducible scoring system, comprising histopathological features of active and chronic disease, and to correlate these scores with clinical morphology groups.

Methodology

This is a retrospective study of 200 cases of cutaneous LP, which were categorized into five clinical groups (I–V) at the time of biopsy. The corresponding histopathological feature was assigned a score based on feature of active and chronic disease. Individual scores were summated to calculate a histopathological index (index [AI] and chronicity index [CI]). The comparison of indices between various clinical groups was performed by Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

The median AI was lowest (1) for post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (clinical group I) and highest (7) for the bullous group (clinical group IV). The median CI (7) was highest for the scarring group (clinical group V). The difference between median AI of clinical group I (post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and rest of the groups (clinical groups II, III, IV, and V) was statistically significant (p value <0.05).

Conclusion

We present this clinico‐histopathological scoring system as a reliable and facile method of assessing the activity and severity of LP.
Lessons learnt and lessons missed from flight simulation
Authors: Allerton D. J. , Lammertse P.
Published: July 2023

This article reviews progress in the development of technologies used in flight simulation and in the training of dentists, drawing out the similarities in training objectives and the limitations of the training devices. It summarises the advances in pilot training with recognised international standards for the construction and acceptance of training devices, noting the impact of flight simulation as a major contributor to the improvements in flight safety. Attention is drawn to the positive transfer of training from synthetic training to airborne operations. The evolution of training methods in dentistry is described covering virtual reality and haptic simulation. The distinction is drawn that tactile feel and visualisation, which is very different from other forms of simulation, is critical to the introduction of synthetic training in dentistry. In particular, progress in methods to provide haptic technologies is reviewed and the importance of novel methods of visualisation, specific to dentistry, are reviewed. This article concludes by outlining progress in flight simulation that is relevant to synthetic training in dentistry but also stresses the differences between the two disciplines. The progress and limitations of flight simulation and the current status and future of synthetic training in dentistry are described, highlighting the potential benefits of lower‐cost haptic devices and the lack of standardisation.
FRUITFLYRISKMANAGE: A Euphresco project for Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) risk management applied in some European countries
Authors: Lopes David , de Andrade Eugenia , Egartner Alois , Beitia Francisco , Rot Mojca , Chireceanu Constantina , Balmés Valerie , Loomans Antoon , Konefal Tomasz , Radonjić Sanja
Published: July 2023

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, is one of the world's most serious threats to fresh fruits. It is highly polyphagous (recorded from over 300 hosts) and capable of adapting to a wide range of climates. This pest has spread to the EPPO region and is mainly present in the southern part, damaging Citrus and Prunus. In Northern and Central Europe records refer to interceptions or short‐lived adventive populations only. Sustainable programs for surveillance, spread assessment using models and control strategies for pests such as C. capitata represent a major plant health challenge for all countries in Europe. This article includes a review of pest distribution and monitoring techniques in 11 countries of the EPPO region. This work compiles information that was crucial for a better understanding of pest occurrence and contributes to identifying areas susceptible to potential invasion and establishment. The key outputs and results obtained in the Euphresco project included knowledge transfer about early detection tools and methods used in different countries for pest monitoring. A MaxEnt software model resulted in risk maps for C. capitata in different climatic regions. This is an important tool to help decision making and to develop actions against this pest in the different partner countries.
Development and validation of real‐time PCR tests for specific identification of Xanthomonas species causing bacterial spot disease on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Baldwin Thomas K. , Woudt Bert , Lastdrager Jeroen , Berendsen Sven , Koenraadt Harrie
Published: July 2023

Bacterial spot is a significant disease of tomato and pepper crops caused by members of four Xanthomonas pathogens from three species, namely Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri. These Gram‐negative bacterial plant pathogens are recommended for regulation as quarantine pests by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and are currently regulated on tomato and pepper seeds in many regions of the world. Tomato and pepper seeds are a transmission pathway for all three species. Real‐time PCR TaqMan tests were developed and validated for specific identification of isolates from tomato and pepper seeds of these pathogens. These tests are designed to be used in seed health tests after isolation on semiselective media to reduce the number of isolates that need testing in follow‐up pathogenicity tests. A second set of real‐time TaqMan PCR tests was subsequently developed targeting two markers for each taxonomic group of strains. The analytical specificity of all developed tests was evaluated with in vitro and in silico analyses. Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were also validated on collections of isolates in several laboratories.
Concept drift detection and adaption framework using optimized deep learning and adaptive sliding window approach
Authors: Desale Ketan Sanjay , Shinde Swati V.
Published: July 2023

Concept drift in online streaming data is a common issue due to dynamic smart systems, which results in system failure or performance degradation. Though there are several traditional approaches for handling the streaming data, they failed to handle the concept drift imposing the need for developing an adaptable approach to managing the dynamic IoT streaming data. Therefore, in this research, a new method is proposed for handling the concept drift issues in online data streaming. This research develops the dynamic streaming data analytic framework based on the optimized Deep CNN and optimized adaptive and sliding window (OASW) approach that effectively addresses both memory and time constraints. An optimized Deep CNN classifier is employed as a base classifier for offline learning, which is developed through hybridizing the proposed Desale's aggressive hunt optimization (AHO) algorithm with a Deep CNN classifier for tuning the optimal parameters of the classifier. An optimized adaptive and sliding window is utilized in this research to adapt the pattern changes in the data streams, which effectively handles the concept drift. The experimental analysis reveals that the proposed methods outperform the conventional methods considered for the analysis in terms of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, F1 score, and the precision score of 96.65%, 97.77%, 98.63%, 98.1487%, and 98.4469%, respectively.
Sexual beliefs in couple relationships: Exploring the pathways of mindfulness, communication, and sexual functioning on sexual passion and satisfaction
Authors: Busby Dean M. , Spencer Sierra , Butler Mark H. , Anderson Shayne R.
Published: July 2023

Two types of sexual beliefs, growth and destiny, have been found in past research to be differentially associated with sexual and relationship outcomes; however, past research has not explored these beliefs with dyadic data nor considered common intervening variables that might be pathways through which beliefs influence outcomes. Consequently, using the sexual wholeness model, we analyzed how couples' specific sexual beliefs (growth and destiny) influenced their sexual mindfulness, communication, and functioning within their couple relationships and how each of these variables influenced sexual satisfaction and harmonious sexual passion. Using a national sample of dyadic data from 964 sexually active individuals (482 heterosexual couples) who had been in a committed relationship for at least 2 years, we evaluated an actor/partner structural equation model with distinguishable dyads. We found that while sexual growth and destiny beliefs had a significant association with sexual mindfulness, communication, and functioning for both partners, sexual beliefs had no direct association with sexual satisfaction and harmonious sexual passion. Because growth beliefs had strong associations with sexual communication, it may be beneficial to help couples identify their implicit beliefs and encourage the development of sexual growth beliefs.