bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical Pacific Climate Variability under Solar Geoengineering: Impacts on ENSO Extremes
Authors: Malik Abdul , Nowack Peer J. , Haigh Joanna D. , Cao Long , Atique Luqman , Plancherel Yves
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Many modelling studies suggest that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), in interaction with the tropical Pacific background climate, will change under rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Solar geoengineering (reducing the solar flux from outer space) has been proposed as a means to counteract anthropogenic greenhouse-induced changes in climate. Effectiveness of solar geoengineering is uncertain. Robust results are particularly difficult to obtain for ENSO because existing geoengineering simulations are too short (typically ~ 50 years) to detect statistically significant changes in the highly variable tropical Pacific background climate. We here present results from a 1000-year sunshade geoengineering simulation, G1, carried out with the coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model HadCM3L. In agreement with previous studies, reducing the shortwave solar flux more than compensates the warming in the tropical Pacific that develops in the 4×CO2 scenario: we observe an overcooling of 0.3 °C (5 %) and 0.23-mm day−1 (5 %) reduction in mean rainfall relative to preindustrial conditions in the G1 simulation. This is due to the different latitudinal distributions of the shortwave (solar) and longwave (CO2) forcings.The location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) located north of equator in the tropical Pacific, which moved 7.5° southwards under 4×CO2, is also restored to its preindustrial location. However, other aspects of the tropical Pacific mean climate are not reset as effectively. Relative to preindustrial conditions, in G1 the zonal wind stress, zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, and meridional SST gradient are reduced by 10 %, 11 %, and 9 %, respectively, and the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) is consistently weakened. The overall amplitude of ENSO strengthens by 5–8 %, but there is a 65 % reduction in the asymmetry between cold and warm events: cold events intensify more than warm events. Importantly, the frequency of extreme El Niño and La Niña events increases by 44 % and 32 %, respectively, while the total number of El Niño events increases by 12 %. Paradoxically, while the number of total and extreme events increase, the most extreme El Niño events also become weaker relative to preindustrial state while the La Niña events become stronger. That is, extreme El Niño events in G1 become less extreme than in preindustrial conditions, but extreme El Niño events become more frequent. In contrast, extreme La Niña events become stronger in G1. This is in agreement with the general overcooling of the tropical Pacific in G1 relative to preindustrial conditions, which depict a shift towards generally more La Niña-like conditions.
Profiling of CH4 background mixing ratio in the lower troposphere with Raman lidar: a feasibility experiment
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Hu Qiaoyun , Podvin Thierry , Whiteman David N. , Korenskiy Mikhael , Landulfo Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We present the results of methane profiling in the lower
troposphere using LILAS Raman lidar from the Lille University observatory
platform (France). The lidar is based on a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser, and nighttime
profiling up to 4000 with 100 m height resolution is possible for methane.
Agreement between the measured photon-counting rate in the CH4 Raman
channel in the free troposphere and numerical simulations for a typical
CH4 background mixing ratio (2 ppm) confirms that CH4 Raman
scattering is detected. The mixing ratio is calculated from the ratio of
methane (395.7 nm) and nitrogen (386.7 nm) Raman backscatters, and within the
planetary boundary layer, an increase of the CH4 mixing ratio, up to a
factor of 2, is observed. Different possible interfering factors, such as
leakage of the elastic signal and aerosol fluorescence, have been taken into
consideration. Tests using backscattering from clouds confirmed that the
filters in the Raman channel provide sufficient rejection of elastic
scattering. The measured methane profiles do not correlate with aerosol
backscattering, which corroborates the hypothesis that, in the planetary boundary layer, not
aerosol fluorescence but CH4 is observed. However, the fluorescence
contribution cannot be completely excluded and, for future measurements, we
plan to install an additional control channel close to 393 nm, where no strong
Raman lines exist and only fluorescence can be observed.
Using reference radiosondes to characterise NWP model uncertainty for improved satellite calibration and validation
Authors: Carminati Fabien , Migliorini Stefano , Ingleby Bruce , Bell William , Lawrence Heather , Newman Stuart , Hocking James , Smith Andrew
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The characterisation of errors and uncertainties in numerical
weather prediction (NWP) model fields is a major challenge that is addressed
as part of the Horizon 2020 Gap Analysis for Integrated Atmospheric ECV
CLImate Monitoring (GAIA-CLIM) project. In that regard, observations from the
GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN)
radiosondes are being used at the Met Office and European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to assess errors and uncertainties
associated with model data. The software introduced in this study and referred to as the GRUAN processor
has been developed to collocate GRUAN radiosonde profiles and NWP model
fields, simulate top-of-atmosphere brightness temperature at frequencies
used by space-borne instruments, and propagate GRUAN uncertainties in that
simulation. A mathematical framework used to estimate and assess the
uncertainty budget of the comparison of simulated brightness temperature is
also proposed. A total of 1 year of GRUAN radiosondes and matching NWP fields from the Met Office and
ECMWF have been processed and analysed for the purposes of demonstration of
capability. We present preliminary results confirming the presence of known
biases in the temperature and humidity profiles of both NWP centres. The
night-time difference between GRUAN and Met Office (ECMWF) simulated
brightness temperature at microwave frequencies predominantly sensitive to
temperature is on average smaller than 0.1 K (0.4 K). Similarly, this
difference is on average smaller than 0.5 K (0.4 K) at microwave
frequencies predominantly sensitive to humidity. The uncertainty estimated for the Met Office–GRUAN difference ranges from
0.08 to 0.13 K for temperature-sensitive frequencies and from 1.6 to 2.5 K
for humidity-sensitive frequencies. From the analysed sampling, 90 % of
the comparisons are found to be in statistical agreement. This initial study has the potential to be extended to a larger collection
of GRUAN profiles, covering multiple sites and years, with the aim of
providing a robust estimation of both errors and uncertainties of NWP model
fields in radiance space for a selection of key microwave and infrared
frequencies.
Strategies of Method Selection for Fine Scale PM2.5 Mapping in Intra-Urban Area Under Crowdsourcing Monitoring
Authors: Xu Shan , Zou Bin , Lin Yan , Zhao Xiuge , Li Shenxin , Hu Chengxia
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Fine particulate matters (PM2.5) are of great concern to public due to their significant risk to human health. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate spatial PM2.5 concentrations at unobserved locations due to the sparse fixed monitoring stations. On the other hand, as the rising of low-cost sensing for air pollution monitoring, crowdsourcing activities has been gradually introduced into fine exposure control in cities. However, the optimal mapping method for conventional sparse fixed measurements may not suit this new high-density monitoring way. This study therefore for the first time presents a crowdsourcing sampling campaign and strategies of method selection for hundred meter-scale level PM2.5 mapping in intra-urban area of China. In this process, the crowdsourcing sampling campaign was developed through a group of volunteers and their smart phone applications; the best performed mapping approach was chosen by comparing three widely used modelling method (ordinary kriging (OK), land use regression (LUR), and universal kriging combined OK and LUR (UK)) with increasing training sites. Results show that crowdsourcing based PM2.5 measurements varied significantly by sites (i.e. urban microenvironments) (Period 1: 28–136 µg m−3; Period 2: 115–266 µg m−3) and clearly differed from those at national monitoring sites (Period 1: 20–58 µg m−3; Period 2: 146–219 µg m−3). Despite the performance of the three models in estimating PM2.5 concentrations all improved as the number of training sites increase, OK interpolation performed best under conditions with non-peak traffic (9:00–11:00) in Period 1 (i.e. light-polluted period) with the hold-out validation R2 ranging from 0.47 to 0.82. Meanwhile, the accuracy of UK was the highest for 8:00 and 12:00 with less than 70 % training sites (0.40–0.69) and all five hours of Period 2 (i.e. heavy-polluted period) (0.32–0.68). Comparatively, LUR demonstrated limited ability in PM2.5 concentration simulations (0.04–0.55). Moreover, spatial distributions of PM2.5 concentrations based on the selected model with crowdsourcing data clearly illustrated their hourly intra urban variations which are generally concealed by the results from national air quality monitoring sites. This method selection strategy provides solid experimental evidence for method selection of PM2.5 mapping under crowdsourcing monitoring and a promising access to the prevention of exposure risks for individuals in their daily life.
A new laser–based and ultra–portable gas sensor for indoor and
outdoor formaldehyde (HCHO) monitoring
Authors: Shutter Joshua D. , Allen Norton T. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Wolfe Glenn M. , St. Clair Jason M. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this work, a new commercially available, laser–based, and ultra–portable formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensor is characterized, and its usefulness for monitoring HCHO mixing ratios in both indoor and outdoor environments is assessed. Stepped calibrations and intercomparison with well–established laser–induced fluorescence (LIF) instrumentation allow a performance evaluation of the absorption-based, mid–infrared HCHO sensor from Aeris Technologies, Inc. The Aeris sensor displays linear behavior (R-squared > 0.940) and shows good agreement with LIF instruments from Harvard and NASA Goddard. A non–linear least–squares fitting algorithm developed independently of the sensor's manufacturer to fit the sensor's raw absorption data during post-processing further improves instrument performance. The 3σ limit of detection (LOD) for a 15 and 60 min integration time is 690 and 420 pptv HCHO, respectively, for mixing ratios reported in real-time, though the LOD improves to 570 and 300 pptv HCHO, respectively, during post-processing. This sub-ppbv precision is sufficient for most HCHO levels measured in indoor and outdoor environments. While the compact Aeris sensor is currently not a replacement for the most sensitive research–grade instrumentation available, its usefulness for monitoring HCHO is clearly demonstrated.
Comprehensive characterization of an Aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter sample that maintained ice nucleation activity for 48 years
Authors: Vasebi Yalda , Mechan Llontop Marco E. , Hanlon Regina , Schmale III David G. , Schnell Russell , Vinatzer Boris A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Decaying vegetation was determined to be a potentially important source of atmospheric ice nucleation particles (INPs) in the early 1970s. The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae was the first microorganism with ice nucleation activity (INA) isolated from decaying leaf litter in 1974. However, the ice nucleation characteristics of P. syringae are not compatible with the characteristics of leaf litter-derived INPs since the latter were found to be sub-micron in size while INA of P. syringae depends on much larger intact bacterial cells. Here we determined the cumulative ice nucleation spectrum and microbial community composition of the historic leaf litter sample 70-S-14 collected in 1970 that conserved INA for 48 years. The majority of the leaf litter-derived INPs were confirmed to be sub-micron in size and to be sensitive to boiling. Culture-independent microbial community analysis only identified Pseudomonas as potential INA. Culture-dependent analysis identified one P. syringae isolate, two isolates of the bacterial species Pantoea ananatis, and one fungal isolate of Mortierella alpina as having INA among 1170 bacterial colonies and 277 fungal isolates, respectively. Both, Pa. ananatis and M. alpina, are organisms that produce heat-sensitive sub-micron INPs. They are thus both likely sources of the INPs present in sample 70-S-14 and may represent important terrestrial sources of atmospheric INPs, a conclusion that is in line with other recent results obtained in regard to INPs from soil, precipitation, and the atmosphere.
On the linearity of the temperature response in Holocene: the spatial and temporal dependence
Authors: Wan Lingfeng , Liu Zhengyu , Liu Jian , Sun Weiyi , Liu Bin
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Previous studies show that the evolution of global mean temperature forced by the total forcing is almost the same as the sum of those forced by individual forcing in the last 21 000 years as simulated in three independent climate models, CCSM3, FAMOUS and LOVECLIM. But how does the linearity of the climate response depend on the spatial and temporal scales quantitatively and in what regions the linear response tends to dominate remain unknown. Here, based on the TraCE-21ka climate simulation outputs, the spatial and temporal dependence of the linear response of temperature evolution in the Holocene is studied using correlation coefficient and a linear error index. The results show that the linear response of global mean temperature is strong on the orbital, millennial and centennial scales throughout the Holocene, but is poor on the decadal scale. The linear response differs significantly between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH). In the NH, the linear response is strong on millennial scale, while in the SH the linear response is strong on orbital scale, such that the linear response of the global mean orbital variability is dominated by the SH response, but that of the global millennial variability seems dominated by the NH response. Furthermore, at the regional scales, the linear responses differ substantially between the orbital, millennial, centennial and decadal timescales. On the orbital scale, the linear response is dominant for most regions, even at the small area of about a mid-size country like Germany. On the millennial scale, the linear response is still strong in the NH over many regions, albeit weaker than on the orbital scale. However, the millennial variability shows relatively poor linear response over most regions in the SH. On the centennial and decadal timescales, the linear response is no longer significant in almost all the regions. The regions of strong linear response on the millennial scale are mostly consistent with those on the orbital scale, notably western Eurasian, North Africa, subtropical North Pacific, tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean, because of a large signal-to-noise ratios over these regions. This finding can improve our understanding of the regional climate response to various climate forcings in the Holocene.
The effect of univariate bias adjustment on multivariate hazard estimates
Authors: Zscheischler Jakob , Fischer Erich M. , Lange Stefan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Bias adjustment is often a necessity in estimating climate
impacts because impact models usually rely on unbiased climate information, a requirement
that climate model outputs rarely fulfil. Most currently used statistical bias-adjustment methods
adjust each climate variable separately, even though impacts usually depend on multiple
potentially dependent variables. Human heat stress, for instance, depends on temperature
and relative humidity, two variables that are often strongly correlated. Whether
univariate bias-adjustment methods effectively improve estimates of impacts that depend
on multiple drivers is largely unknown, and the lack of long-term impact data prevents a
direct comparison between model outputs and observations for many climate-related
impacts. Here we use two hazard indicators, heat stress and a simple fire risk indicator,
as proxies for more sophisticated impact models. We show that univariate bias-adjustment
methods such as univariate quantile mapping often cannot effectively reduce biases in
multivariate hazard estimates. In some cases, it even increases biases. These cases
typically occur (i) when hazards depend equally strongly on more than one climatic
driver, (ii) when models exhibit biases in the dependence structure of drivers and
(iii) when univariate biases are relatively small. Using a perfect model approach, we
further quantify the uncertainty in bias-adjusted hazard indicators due to internal
variability and show how imperfect bias adjustment can amplify this uncertainty. Both
issues can be addressed successfully with a statistical bias adjustment that corrects the
multivariate dependence structure in addition to the marginal distributions of the
climate drivers. Our results suggest that currently many modeled climate impacts are
associated with uncertainties related to the choice of bias adjustment. We conclude that
in cases where impacts depend on multiple dependent climate variables these uncertainties
can be reduced using statistical bias-adjustment approaches that correct the variables'
multivariate dependence structure.
Global vegetation variability and its response to elevated CO2, global warming, and climate variability – a study using the offline SSiB4/TRIFFID model and satellite data
Authors: Liu Ye , Xue Yongkang , MacDonald Glen , Cox Peter , Zhang Zhengqiu
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The climate regime shift during the 1980s had a
substantial impact on the terrestrial ecosystems and vegetation at different
scales. However, the mechanisms driving vegetation changes, before and after
the shift, remain unclear. In this study, we used a biophysical dynamic
vegetation model to estimate large-scale trends in terms of carbon fixation,
vegetation growth, and expansion during the period 1958–2007, and to
attribute these changes to environmental drivers including elevated
atmospheric CO2 concentration (hereafter eCO2), global warming,
and climate variability (hereafter CV). Simulated leaf area index (LAI) and
gross primary production (GPP) were evaluated against observation-based data.
Significant spatial correlations are found (correlations > 0.87),
along with regionally varying temporal correlations of 0.34–0.80 for LAI and
0.45–0.83 for GPP. More than 40 % of the global land area shows
significant positive (increase) or negative (decrease) trends in LAI and GPP
during 1958–2007. Regions over the globe show different characteristics in terms
of ecosystem trends before and after the 1980s. While 11.7 % and 19.3 %
of land have had consistently positive LAI and GPP trends, respectively,
since 1958, 17.1 % and 20.1 % of land saw LAI and GPP trends, respectively,
reverse during the 1980s. Vegetation fraction cover (FRAC) trends,
representing vegetation expansion and/or shrinking, are found at the edges of
semi-arid areas and polar areas. Environmental drivers affect the change in
ecosystem trend over different regions. Overall, eCO2 consistently
contributes to positive LAI and GPP trends in the tropics. Global warming
mostly affects LAI, with positive effects in high latitudes and negative
effects in subtropical semi-arid areas. CV is found to dominate the
variability of FRAC, LAI, and GPP in the semi-humid and semi-arid areas. The
eCO2 and global warming effects increased after the 1980s, while the CV
effect reversed during the 1980s. In addition, plant competition is shown to
have played an important role in determining which driver dominated the
regional trends. This paper presents new insight into ecosystem
variability and changes in the varying climate since the 1950s.
Regionalization with Hierarchical Hydrologic Similarity and Ex-situ Data for the Estimation of Mean Annual Groundwater Recharge at Ungauged Watersheds
Authors: Chang Ching-Fu , Rubin Yoram
Published: January 2019

Abstract. There are various methods available for annual groundwater recharge estimation using in-situ observations. However, a great number of watersheds around the world still remain ungauged, i.e., without in-situ observations of hydrologic responses. One approach for making estimates at ungauged watersheds is through regionalization, namely, transferring information obtained at gauged watersheds to ungauged ones. The reliability of regionalization depends on (1) the underlying system of hydrologic similarity, i.e., the similarity in how watersheds respond to precipitation input, as well as (2) the approach by which information is transferred. In this paper we present a set of ready-to-use tools for obtaining informative estimates of hydrologic responses at ungauged watersheds, using a nested tree-based modeling approach to condition the estimates on ex-situ data. It invokes a two-leveled hierarchical hydrologic similarity, where the higher level determines the relative importance of various watershed characteristics under different conditions, and the lower level performs the regionalization and estimation of hydrologic responses based on the watershed characteristics of the ungauged watershed of interest. We apply the nested tree-based modeling approach to investigate the complicated relationship between mean annual groundwater recharge and watershed characteristics, and to test the applicability and usefulness of the hierarchical hydrologic similarity. Our findings reveal the decisive role of soil available water content in hydrologic similarity at regional and annual scales, as well as certain conditions under which it is risky to resort to climate variables for determining hydrologic similarity. These findings contribute to the understanding of the physical principles governing robust information transfer.
Storage dynamics, hydrological connectivity and flux ages in a karst catchment: conceptual modelling using stable isotopes
Authors: Zhang Zhicai , Chen Xi , Cheng Qinbo , Soulsby Chris
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We developed a new tracer-aided hydrological model that disaggregates cockpit
karst terrain into the two dominant landscape units of hillslopes and
depressions (with fast and slow flow systems). The new model was calibrated
by using high temporal resolution hydrometric and isotope data in the outflow
of Chenqi catchment in Guizhou Province of south-western China. The model
could track hourly water and isotope fluxes through each landscape unit and
estimate the associated storage and water age dynamics. From the model
results we inferred that the fast flow reservoir in the depression had the
smallest water storage and the slow flow reservoir the largest, with the
hillslope intermediate. The estimated mean ages of water draining the
hillslope unit, and the fast and slow flow reservoirs during the study
period, were 137, 326 and 493 days, respectively. Distinct seasonal
variability in hydroclimatic conditions and associated water storage dynamics
(captured by the model) were the main drivers of non-stationary hydrological
connectivity between the hillslope and depression. During the dry season,
slow flow in the depression contributes the largest proportion (78.4 %)
of flow to the underground stream draining the catchment, resulting in weak
hydrological connectivity between the hillslope and depression. During the
wet period, with the resulting rapid increase in storage, the hillslope unit
contributes the largest proportion (57.5 %) of flow to the underground
stream due to the strong hydrological connectivity between the hillslope and
depression. Meanwhile, the tracer-aided model can be used to identify the
sources of uncertainty in the model results. Our analysis showed that the
model uncertainty of the hydrological variables in the different units relies
on their connectivity with the outlet when the calibration target uses only
the outlet information. The model uncertainty was much lower for the
“newer” water from the fast flow system in the depression and flow from the
hillslope unit during the wet season and higher for “older” water from the
slow flow system in the depression. This suggests that to constrain model
parameters further, increased high-resolution hydrometric and tracer data on
the internal dynamics of systems (e.g. groundwater responses during low flow
periods) could be used in calibration.
Design and hardware selection for a bicycle simulator
Authors: Dialynas Georgios , Happee Riender , Schwab Arend L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. With the resurgence in bicycle ridership in the last decade and the
continuous increase of electric bicycles in the streets a better
understanding of bicycle rider behaviour is imperative to improve bicycle
safety. Unfortunately, these studies are dangerous for the rider, given that
the bicycle is a laterally unstable vehicle and most of the time in need for
rider balance control. Moreover, the bicycle rider is very vulnerable and not
easily protected against impact injuries. A bicycle simulator, on which the
rider can balance and manoeuvre a bicycle within a simulated environment and
interact with other simulated road users, would solve most of these issues.
In this paper, we present a description of a recently build bicycle simulator
at TU Delft, were mechanical and mechatronics aspects are discussed in
detail.
Assessing road segment impact on accessibility to critical services in
case of a hazard
Authors: Mossoux Sophie , Kervyn Matthieu , Canters Frank
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Development of hazard maps is one of the measures promoted by the international community to reduce risk. Hazard maps provide information about the probability of given areas to be affected by one or several hazards. As such they are useful tools to evaluate risk and support the development of safe policies. So far studies combining hazard mapping with accessibility to services are few. In hazardous environments, accessibility of the population to strategic infrastructure is important because emergency services and goods will principally be offered at or provided from these locations. If a road segment is blocked by a hazard, accessibility to services may be affected, or worse, people may be completely disconnected from specific services. The importance of each road segment in the transport network as a connecting element enabling access to relevant services is therefore critical information for the authorities. In this study, we propose a new application of hazard mapping which aims to define the importance of each road segment in the accessibility to services, taking in account the probability of being affected by a hazard. By iteratively removing one segment after the other from the road network, changes in accessibility to critical infrastructure are evaluated. Two metrics of road segment importance considering the population affected and the hazard probability are calculated for each segment: a road accessibility risk metric and a users' path vulnerability metric. Visualization of these road metrics is a useful way of valuing hazard maps and may help to support discussions about the development of new infrastructure, road capacity increase and maintenance of existing infrastructures, and evacuation procedures.
Distinguishing ice-rich and ice-poor permafrost to map ground temperatures and
-ice content in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Kenner Robert , Noetzli Jeannette , Hoelzle Martin , Raetzo Hugo , Phillips Marcia
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A new countrywide permafrost distribution map of Switzerland is presented, indicating ground temperatures and ice content. The new representation of ground temperatures is achieved by distinguishing ice-poor and ice-rich permafrost in the modelling process. There is a very significant correlation of ground temperatures with elevation and potential incoming solar radiation in ice-poor and ice-free ground. The distribution of ice-rich permafrost was defined by modelling mass wasting processes and the integration of snow and ice into the ground caused by them. This dual approach allowed a clear improvement in the cartographic representation of permafrost-free elevational belts which are bordered above and below by permafrost. The reproduction of such commonly occurring permafrost gaps allowed a higher mapping accuracy and unambiguity of the mapping zones. Permafrost occurrence is represented by two clearly defined classes: Zone 1 representing modelled ground temperatures and zone 2 indicating excess ground ice outside of zone 1. 58 % of 92 validation sites could be definitively classified as having permafrost or no permafrost. If only ice-poor or –free ground is considered, this value reaches 90 %. The rather simple dependency of ice-poor permafrost on two main parameters is not only relevant for mapping but also for a wide range of scientific and engineering purposes.
DIFERENCINIO MOKYMO POVEIKIS PRIEŠMOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ RANKŲ MIKLUMUI
Authors: Zachovajevas Pavelas , Kaktienė Viktorija , Šegždaitė Gina , Jurėnaitė Jovaidė , Berškienė Kristina
Published: January 2019

Įvadas. Mokymasis visą gyvenimą prasideda nuo vie­nos svarbiausių ugdymosi pakopų – priešmokyklinio vaiko ugdymo. Todėl vaikams reikia smulkiosios mo­torikos įgūdžių: jėgos ir miklumo, kad galėtų suimti rašymo priemonę ir parodyti pakankamus manipulia­cinius įgūdžius, reikalingus rašyti [2,15]. Diferencinis mokymas remiasi judesio nekartotinumo principu, tai mokymas, kad pats subjektas mokydamasis kom­pleksinių motorinių įgūdžių suranda tik jam vienam optimalius atlikimo modelius [19]. Tiriamieji ir tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas buvo atlie­kamas Kauno ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje. At­rankos kriterijus atitiko 27 priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, iš kurių 15 mergaičių ir 12 berniukų. Tyrimo metu buvo atliktas pradinis ir pakartotinis priešmo­kyklinio amžiaus vaikų rankų miklumo vertinimas. Visi priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikai buvo suskirstyti į tiriamąją ir įprasto poveikio grupes. Tiriamąją grupę sudarė 14 vaikų. Jiems buvo taikomas diferencinis mokymas (du kartus per savaitę) kartu su priešmo­kykline ugdymo programa (tris kartus per savaitę). Įprasto poveikio grupę sudarė 13 vaikų, kuriems buvo taikoma vien priešmokyklinė ugdymo programa pen­kis kartus per savaitę. Tyrimas truko keturias savaites. Vaikų rankų miklumas buvo vertinamas „Kaištukų lentos testu (angl. Purdue pegboard test)“ prieš už­siėmimus ir po keturių savaičių užsiėmimų. Rezultatai. Vaikai, kuriems buvo taikyta priešmoky­klinio ugdymo programa kartu su diferenciniu mo­kymu, dominuojančia, nedominuojančia rankomis ir statant bokštelius sudėjo reikšmingai (p &amp;lt; 0,05) dau­giau kaištukų nei vaikai, kurie buvo lavinami įprasta priešmokykline ugdymo programa. Lyginant įprasto poveikio ir tiriamosios grupių vaikų kaištukų dėjimo abiem rankomis rezultatus, nustatėme, kad didesnis pokytis (p &amp;lt; 0,05) nustatytas tiriamojoje grupėje. Ti­riamosios grupės vaikai, kuriems greta įprastos ug­dymo programos buvo taikytas diferencinis moky­mas, sudėjo daugiau kaištukų porų nei vaikai, kurie atliko tik įprasto lavininimo užduotis. Išvada. Priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų rankų miklu­mas buvo geresnis taikant įprastą ugdymo programą ir diferencinį mokymą nei taikant vien įprastą prieš­mokyklinio ugdymo programą.
JONIZUOTO RŪGŠTINIO VANDENS ANTIMIKROBINIS AKTYVUMAS
Authors: Vaičiulevičienė Albina , Jonaitytė Goda , Batulevičienė Vaida
Published: January 2019

Užkrečiamųjų ligų ir AIDS centro (ULAC) teigimu, „Dezinfekcija yra viena iš užkrečiamųjų ligų perda­vimo rizikos mažinimo priemonių“ (2014). Jonizuotas rūgštinis vanduo pasirenkamas kaip mažiau toksiška žmgaus sveikatai ir aplinkai antimikrobinį poveikį tu­rinti medžiaga. Lietuvos UAB „Burbuliukas“ gamin­tojai siūlo alternatyvą cheminiams dezinfektantams - jonizuotą rūgštinį vandenį (anolitą), kuris saugus žmogui ir aplinkai bei pigesnis už cheminius dezin­fektantus ir naikina patogeninius mikroorganizmus. Tad šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti jonizuoto rūgšti­nio vandens antimikrobinį poveikį. Kauno kolegijos Medicinos fakulteto mikrobiologijos laboratorijoje UAB „Burbuliukas“ užsakymu buvo atliktas mikro­biologinis jonizuoto rūgštinio vandens (anolito) an­timikrobinis tyrimas plovinių metodu. Tirtas anolito poveikis užkrėstų paviršių (stalviršių, keramikinių plytelių, grindų linoleumo dangos) ir medicininių įrankių (stiklinių, keramikinių, metalinių) mikroor­ganizmais, turinčiais skirtingas biologines savybes. Tyrimui naudotos etaloninės mikroorganizmų kul­tūros, gautos OXOID Nr. 605068: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumo­niae ATCC 31488, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Candida albicans ATCC10231. Anolito ekspozicijos poveikis truko 15-30 min. Medicininiai instrumentai buvo pamerkti į anolitą, o paviršiai plau­nami anolite įmirkyta šluoste. Jonizuotas rūgštinis vanduo biocidiškai veikė skirtingas biologines savy­bes turinčius mikroorganizmus, kuriais buvo užkrėsti medicininiai instrumentai. Užkrėtus etaloninėmis mi­kroorganizmų kultūromis paviršius ir nuvalius anolitu du kartus su 15 minučių intervalu, po pirmo valymo aptiktos pavienės mikroorganizmų kolonijos, nuvalius antrą kartą - jonizuotas rūgštinis vanduo sunaikino sporines, nesporines bakterijas bei Candida grybus.
KLASIKINIO MASAŽO IR IŠEMINĖS KOMPRESIJOS POVEIKIS KAKLO JUDESIŲ AMPLITUDEI IR SKAUSMUI
Authors: Zachovajevas Pavelas , Kačinskaitė Eglė , Zachovajevienė Brigita , Kaktienė Viktorija
Published: January 2019

Kaklo skausmas yra vienas iš dažniausiai pasitaikan­čių skausmų. Kaklo skausmo paplitimas populiacijoje yra tarp 10 ir 15 proc., labiau paplitęs tarp moterų nei vyrų [6]. Miofascijinis skausmo sindromas yra dažnas, skausmingas griaučių – raumenų sistemos miofascijinių trigerinių taškų sukeltas sutrikimas [13].

Metodika. Tyrime dalyvavo 20 sveikatos sutrikimų neįvardijusių asmenų, kuriems viršutinėje kaklinėje stuburo dalyje nustatytas bent vienas latentinis mio­fascijinis trigerinis taškas. Tiriamieji buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes. I grupės (n = 10) tiriamiesiems buvo tai­koma išeminės kompresijos procedūra, II grupės (n = 10) tiriamiesiems buvo taikomas klasikinis masažas toje pusėje, kurioje nustatytas latentinis miofasciji­nis trigerinis taškas. Prieš tyrimą ir iškart po tyrimo buvo vertinama kaklo judesių amplitudė naudojant goniometrą, taip pat buvo naudojama vizualinė ir skaitmeninė analoginė skausmo skalė skausmo in­tensyvumui nustatyti.

Rezultatai. Tyrimo pradžioje įvertintas kiekvieno ti­riamojo LMTT sukelto skausmo intensyvumas. I gru­pės asmenų skausmo intensyvumas buvo 7,3 ± 0,48 balai, II grupės asmenų – 7,2 ± 0,63 balai. Po taikytos išeminės kompresijos asmenų skausmo intensyvumas siekė 2,3 ± 1,15 balo, o asmenims, kuriems buvo tai­komas klasikinis masažas, skausmas sumažėjo iki 4,8 ± 1,22 balų. Visų tiriamųjų skausmo intensyvumas reikšmingai sumažėjo (p &amp;lt; 0,05). Vertinant skausmo pokytį prieš ir po gydymo, asmenų, kuriems buvo taikoma išeminė kompresija, skausmo pokytis buvo reikšmingai didesnis (p &amp;lt; 0,05), nei II grupės asmenų, kuriems buvo taikomas klasikinis masažas.

Išvados. 1. Išeminė kompresija sumažina skausmo intensyvumą, sukeliamą lėtinių miofascijinių trigeri­nių taškų, tačiau nedaro įtakos galvos ir kaklo judesių amplitudės kaitai. 2. Klasikinis masažas sumažina skausmo intensyvumą, sukeliamą lėtinių miofasci­jinių trigerinių taškų, tačiau nedaro įtakos galvos ir kaklo judesių amplitudės kaitai. 3. Išeminė kompre­sija veiksmingiau mažina lėtinių miofascijinių trige­rinių taškų sukeltą skausmą nei klasikinis masažas.
GIMDYMO PRIEŽIŪROS KOKYBĖ: LŪKESČIAI IR JŲ PATENKINIMAS
Authors: Vaškelytė Alina , Bakūnė Sandra
Published: January 2019

Prioritetinėmis sveikatos priežiūros sistemos sriti­mis laikoma vaikų, jaunimo bei nėščiųjų ir gimdyvių sveikatos priežiūra. Pastaruoju metu atliekama nema­žai tyrimų, kurie analizuoja gimdyvių požiūrį į joms teikiamų akušerinių paslaugų kokybę. Kiekvienam akušerijos stacionarui svarbu nustatyti, kaip gimdy­vės vertina gimdymo priežiūros teikiamas paslaugas, patenkinant jų lūkesčius.

Šio straipsnio tikslas išanalizuoti pirmą kartą ir pa­kartotinai gimdžiusiųjų gimdymo priežiūros kokybę: lūkesčius ir jų patenkinimą.

Tyrimas buvo vykdomas vienoje iš Lietuvos universi­tetinių ligoninių Akušerijos ir ginekologijos klinikos Akušerijos skyriuje 2017 m. (10 mėnesių). Tyrime dalyvavo 338 šiame stacionare gimdžiusios moterys. Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas, kurio metu duomenims rinkti buvo naudojamas švedų autorės B. Wilde-Lars­son sukurtas klausimynas (skalė) „Gimdymo priežiū­ros kokybė, gimdyvių požiūriu“ (angl. An intrapartal – specific QPP- questionnaire (QPP – I), pritaikyta vertinti gimdymo priežiūrai gimdymo skyriuje.

Tiek pirmą kartą, tiek pakartotinai gimdžiusiųjų lū­kesčių patenkinimo įverčiai parodė, kad gimdymo priežiūros kokybė yra aukšta. Didžiosios dalies mo­terų lūkesčiai buvo statistiškai reikšmingai didesni nei jų patenkinimas. Pirmą kartą gimdžiusiųjų lūkesčiai buvo reikšmingai didesni ir geriau patenkinti poska­lėse: „Dėmesys vyrui/partneriui/šeimos nariams“, „Gimdymo palata ir jos atmosfera“ bei „Sveikatos priežiūra ir skausmo malšinimas“. Pakartotinai gim­džiusiųjų lūkesčiai buvo reikšmingai didesni ir ge­riau patenkinti poskalėse: „Akušerės darbas I – II gimdymo laikotarpių metu“ ir „Gydytojų dėmesys“.
Wide scope indefinites in Russian: an experimental investigation
Authors: Martí Luisa , Ionin Tania
Published: January 2019

This paper contributes to the cross-linguistic study of indefinites by reporting on two experimental studies on the scopal and functional properties of the two Russian indefinites koe- and -to. We show that koe- allows not only wide scope readings out of syntactic islands, but also functional readings, much like English a certain. -to, on the other hand, allows all possible scopal readings and both functional and non-functional readings. We then discuss this state of affairs from the perspective of a number of prominent theories of indefinite scope.
Impact of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in BRICS
Authors: Osaseri Godfrey , Osamwonyi Ifuero Osad
Published: January 2019

The study examines Stock Market development and economic growth in BRICS, Quarterly time series data for the period 1994QI to 2015Q4 were sourced from World Bank Indicator. The Panel Least Squares based on the fixed effect estimation was employed to determine how stock market development impacts on the economic growth of BRICS. Diagnostics tests were conducted to ascertain the robustness and stability of the regression results. The findings reveal that stock market development exerts significant impact on the economic growth. The study revealed that there is a positive correlation between stock market development indicators and BRICS’s economic growth. The study recommends that the weakness of each of the BRICS member country should be taken as policy focus and strategies necessary to strengthen them should be swiftly applied by the governments.
The Effect of Various Local Dances on Prospective Physical Education Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Folk Dance Course
Authors: Altun Meryem , Atasoy Murat
Published: January 2019

In this study, the effect of various local dances on prospective physical education teachers' attitudes towards the folk dance course was examined. The research was conducted by using an experimental design with pre-test/post-test control group. A total of 46 female students, which includes an experimental group consisting of 23 students attended the folk dance class and a control group consisting of 23 students did not attend the folk dance class, who are studying at Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, School of Physical Education and Sports in the Department of Teaching in the spring term of the 2017-2018 academic year and who are aged 20 years, voluntarily participated in the study. In this research, the Folk Dance Course Attitude Scale for Prospective Physical Education Teachers developed by Turan (2015) was used. In the experimental group, the folk dances training program, which continues for 14 weeks with the program of 2 days of a week for 2 hours at each day, was conducted. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package program. In the analysis of data, dependent sampling t-test was used for examining the differences between experimental and control groups. As a result of the research, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of students who took the folk dance training. This result shows that various local dances are effective in developing a positive attitude towards this course.
Reflexões sobre a política pública na cidade: as conquistas e os desafios da saúde mental de Quixadá
Authors: Felix Thiago Sousa , De Lima Aluísio Ferreira
Published: January 2019

Passados quase um quarto de século desde a criação do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Quixadá, Ceará, chegamos a um momento no qual as análises e avaliações são bem-vindas e mesmo indispensáveis. O presente relato de experiência objetiva refletir alguns aspectos referentes ao processo de formação da política de saúde mental de Quixadá. Consideramos as particularidades das experiências de saúde nessa cidade que se evidenciam através de algumas pesquisas de pós-graduação que vem sendo realizadas. Faz parte ainda do texto uma série de proposições que se colocam como possibilidades para futuros aprimoramentos dessa política municipal.
Memória autobiográfica da infância em universitários da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
Authors: Gall Monique Heinen , Pires Emmy Uehara
Published: January 2019

A memória autobiográfica (MA) constitui um conjunto de memórias que o indivíduo possui em relação a sua própria história de vida. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a MA na infância em 60 universitários da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. O questionário foi composto por informações sociodemográficas e 15 perguntas abertas. Dentre os 60 entrevistados, 35 (58,3%) afirmaram recordar a memória em maiores detalhes contra 25 entrevistados (41,7%) que afirmaram recordar apenas de forma sucinta. Observou-se que 43,3% obteve a faixa-etária dos 5-6 anos como idade das primeiras MA. Os resultados são relevantes para a ampliação do conhecimento referente à MA na infância. Ainda, o estudo destas memórias pode auxiliar na melhor compreensão sobre a constituição do sujeito, bem como a influência das emoções nesse processo de armazenamento e evocação das memórias.
Características pessoais dos empreendedores: clarificação conceitual dos construtos e definições da literatura recente (2010-2015)
Authors: Cortez Pedro Afonso , Veiga Heila Magali da Silva
Published: January 2019

O estudo das características pessoais dos empreendedores possui longa data e ampla influência interdisciplinar. Pela diversidade de contribuições, identifica-se na literatura confusão e sobreposição conceitual. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do estudo foi clarificar os conceitos relativos às características pessoais dos empreendedores presentes na literatura recente. Para tanto, analisaram-se seis construtos com recorrência na literatura em língua portuguesa e inglesa empregados em artigos resgatados por meio do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2015. Os resultados confirmaram as dificuldades teórico-conceituais existentes na literatura, especificamente em relação aos construtos competências empreendedoras, perfil empreendedor, personalidade empreendedora, potencial empreendedor e performance empreendedora, sendo claramente distinguível dos demais apenas o conceito de atitude empreendedora. Com isso, sugerem-se estudos futuros abrangendo outros conceitos sobre o fenômeno, a fim de aprimorar a estruturação do corpo de conhecimento sobre as características pessoais dos empreendedores.
Dispositivos e conexões da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) de Porto Alegre - RS
Authors: Lemos de Pinho Zanardo Gabriela , Luzardo Cardozo Bianchessi Desirée , Bones Rocha Kátia
Published: January 2019

O estudo objetiva conhecer os dispositivos de trabalho que favorecem a funcionalidade da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, através da perspectiva de trabalhadores de Porto Alegre, e investigar como acontece a articulação entre os diferentes pontos da rede. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento exploratório-descritivo. Foram entrevistados treze profissionais da saúde dos diferentes níveis de atenção e as entrevistas foram submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados foram divididos em dois eixos temáticos: (1) dispositivos que auxiliam na formação e funcionalidade da rede e (2) conexão entre os pontos da rede: afastamentos e dificuldades na articulação. A partir do exposto, considera-se que as equipes aderem ao movimento de mudança da lógica de assistência e esforçam-se em estreitar a comunicação entre si, embora existam práticas ainda incipientes. Evidencia-se o fato de que há pouco contato entre os hospitais e demais serviços, sendo este um trabalho a ser desenvolvido nas equipes.
Propriedades Psicométricas do ISSL no Contexto da Segurança Pública
Authors: Faiad Cristiane , Souza Victor , Matsunaga Lucas Heiki , Lopes Rodrigues Carlos Manoel , Rinaldi Rosa Helena
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) no contexto da Segurança Pública. Para tanto foi aplicado o inventário em 786 profissionais da Segurança Pública de dezoito estados brasileiros e de diversas instituições de segurança pública. Foram analisados a discriminação dos itens do inventário pela teoria de resposta ao item e as dimensões fatoriais pela análise de correspondência múltipla. A partir da análise dos autovalores, do exame do diagrama de sedimentação e da conformidade com a teoria foi observado apenas uma dimensão para o instrumento, ao contrário de dois, como proposto pela literatura. Pela análise dos itens pela TRI, é sugerido a exclusão de 3 itens do instrumento, por não possuírem graus suficientes de discriminação. Ao final, os autores sugerem uma agenda de pesquisa, que busque identificar as propriedades psicométricas do ISSL em outros contextos.
Estratégias de aprendizagem e a regulação da emoção no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Suehiro Adriana Cristina Boulhoça , Boruchovitch Evely , Schelini Patrícia Waltz
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar o uso de estratégias de aprendizagem e de regulação emocional de crianças brasileiras do Ensino Fundamental, examinar se existem diferenças nessas variáveis em razão do sexo, ano escolar e idade dos estudantes, bem como explorar possíveis relações entre elas. A amostra foi composta de 38 alunos, do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de duas escalas do tipo Likert. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre meninos e meninas nas escalas de estratégias de aprendizagem e de regulação emocional. Os resultados revelaram que os estudantes de anos mais avançados obtiveram médias significativamente menores na escala de estratégias de aprendizagem quando comparados aos alunos que estão no meio do curso. As correlações tenderam a ser positivas e significativas entre os aspectos cognitivos, metacognitivos e a regulação emocional, todavia as magnitudes foram predominantemente fracas.