bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pinch-off driven near-ideal output characteristics of n-Ga2O3/p-GaN light effect transistor for UV photonics
Authors: Mondal Arnab , Yadav Manoj K. , Nandi Arpit , Kumar Shiv , Sanyal Indraneel , Sharma Satinder K. , Chyi Jen-Inn , Bag Ankush
Published: July 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) based phototransistor can be used as a switch and an amplifier in typical digital and analog UV photonic applications, respectively. The light detection capability in Ga2O3 is very high, but these phototransistors suffer from poor drain current saturation with bias. Furthermore, the transistor switching action generally necessitates a gate terminal voltage, where a faulty gate power supply can lead to a high current flow in the transistor and subsequently damage the control driver circuit. An alternative is a two-terminal device with pure optical coupling at gate terminal, termed as a light effect transistor (LET). The LET has the field effect transistor (FET)-like current–voltage output characteristics, where the controlling mode is light instead of voltage, and being a two-terminal device, the fabrication processes are straightforward and cost-effective in contrast to the traditional FET. The fabricated LET device comprised an n-Ga2O3/p-GaN heterojunction with a planar metal–semiconductor–metal structure. This unique device can operate in two modes, linear (photodetector) within 1–2.5 V and saturation [depletion width modulated light effect transistor (DM-LET)] within 2.5–5 V. Under the DM-LET mode, the structure exhibits transistor-like action, the drain current saturates with the variation in drain voltage and is only controlled by the change in optical intensity. The transistor-like action has been attributed to the pinch-off effect near the drain electrode due to modulation in the heterojunction depletion width and has been explained using detailed numerical simulation. Such devices have the potential to be used in UV photonic integrated circuits and UV-non-line-of-sight communication technologies.
Enhancing the accuracy of physics-informed neural networks for indoor airflow simulation with experimental data and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wen Chih-Yung , Jia Yuan , Juan Yu-Hsuan , Lee Yee-Ting , Chen Zhengwei , Yang An-Shik , Li Zhengtong
Published: July 2024

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) has aroused broad interest among fluid simulation researchers in recent years, representing a novel paradigm in this area where governing differential equations are encoded to provide a hybrid physics-based and data-driven deep learning framework. However, the lack of enough validations on more complex flow problems has restricted further development and application of PINN. Our research applies the PINN to simulate a two-dimensional indoor turbulent airflow case to address the issue. Although it is still quite challenging for the PINN to reach an ideal accuracy for the problem through a single purely physics-driven training, our research finds that the PINN prediction accuracy can be significantly improved by exploiting its ability to assimilate high-fidelity data during training, by which the prediction accuracy of PINN is enhanced by 53.2% for pressure, 34.6% for horizontal velocity, and 40.4% for vertical velocity, respectively. Meanwhile, the influence of data points number is also studied, which suggests a balance between prediction accuracy and data acquisition cost can be reached. Last but not least, applying Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and turbulence model has also been proved to improve prediction accuracy remarkably. After embedding the standard k–ε model to the PINN, the prediction accuracy was enhanced by 82.9% for pressure, 59.4% for horizontal velocity, and 70.5% for vertical velocity, respectively. These results suggest a promising step toward applications of PINN to more complex flow configurations.
Similarity wave solutions of Whitham–Broer–Kaup equations in the oceanic shallow water
Authors: Fan Lulu , Bao Taogetusang
Published: July 2024

Water waves, which are essentially complex waves controlled by gravity fields and surface movements, have been studied actively. In this article, first, the Bäcklund transformation of Whitham–Broer–Kaup (WBK) equations is studied using the homogeneous balance method. Second, the solitary wave solutions and similar wave solutions of WBK equations are constructed using the obtained Bäcklund transformation, and the conclusions obtained from the homogeneous balance method and the Painlevé analysis method are compared. Then, based on the auxiliary equation method and the Bäcklund transformation obtained previously, the Weierstrass elliptic function solutions and degenerate solutions of WBK equations are attained. Finally, using the symbolic calculation system Mathematica, the dynamic characteristics of solutions are analyzed through images, which helps us increase the diversity of solutions and get more new phenomena. It is worth mentioning that by comparing the Bäcklund transformation and soliton solutions obtained by the two methods, we obtain the same and different contents, respectively. The waves in the ocean are complex and diverse. By studying the dynamic characteristics of waves, theoretical basis is provided for the motion of ships in the ocean. Furthermore, the results derived from this work have not been presented before.
Variable range hopping-assisted parasitic channel leakage in AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMTs on Si
Authors: Liu Siyu , Zhuang Yihao , Li Hanchao , Xie Qingyun , Wang Yue , Xie Hanlin , Ranjan Kumud , Ng Geok Ing
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the off-state leakage characteristics of AlN/GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrate with varying mesa depths and uncovers the existence of a parasitic channel associated with the AlGaN back barrier. Significant differences in off-state leakage up to three orders of magnitude were observed between devices fabricated using different mesa depths. The electrical properties of AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMTs were measured, and it was found that there is a N-type parasitic channel in the unintentionally doped AlGaN back-barrier. Analysis of the isolation test structure, which retains this parasitic channel, reveals a buffer leakage of 12.8 mA/mm and a sheet resistance of 7739.1 Ω/sq, as a result of the parasitic channel. The depletion electric field strength of the parasitic channel is 3.2 × 105 V/cm. Temperature-dependent I–V curves obtained from the isolation area affirm that the primary leakage mechanism is two-dimensional variable range hopping along the sidewall. As the isolation distance extends from 3 to 5 μm, the slope of the fitting line decreases from −53.14 to −126.11 due to increased resistance.
(Re)contextualizing the ‘anti-woke’ discourse
Authors: Johnson Paige
Published: July 2024

This study examines how ‘anti-woke’ discourse is drawn upon by French and English-speaking X (formerly Twitter) users to abnormalize gender-inclusive language practices from a Critical Discourse Analytic (CDA) perspective (Fairclough 2010). Using strategies and tools drawn from the Discourse Historical Approach (Wodak and Reisigl 2017) and CDA (interdiscursivity and recontextualization), I compare and discuss how ‘woke’ is (re)appropriated within online arenas across both linguo-cultural contexts to other and undermine those invested in challenging gender-based discrimination(s). Responses, therefore, contribute to a broader right-wing (populist) project that substantiates the uncivil and ‘unsayable’ by subverting the civil and ‘sayable’ amid the emergence of borderline discourses (Krzyżanowski and Ledin 2017). I conclude that ‘anti-woke’ discourse has become a symbolic catch-all discursive strategy to bolster far right attitudes at the expense of abnormalizing the struggles faced by marginalized genders. This analysis thus provides further insight into how discriminatory ideologies become more viable political alternatives through rhetorical and discursive phenomena (Wodak 2015).
A comparative study of the basic locative construction in Gurenɛ, Asante-Twi, and Tongugbe
Authors: Atintono Samuel A. , Agyepong Dorothy , Kpoglu Promise
Published: July 2024

The chapter examines the basic locative construction (BLC) in three Niger Congo languages spoken in
Ghana: Gurenɛ, Asante-Twi and Tongugbe, and discusses the semantics of the verbs that occur within the construction.
Using data elicited with a similar set of locative verb stimuli, we demonstrate that the languages differ in the
number and type of verbs that occur in the BLC. While Asante-Twi and Gurenɛ employ mostly positional verbs in the BLC,
Tongugbe, similar to the other Ewe varieties, uses the locative predicate. Constructionally, the BLCs in all three
languages are similar, that is, each of the languages instantiate the schema NP V PostP.
Moving from verbs to prepositions in Gbe
Authors: Aboh Enoch O. , Ameka Felix , Essegbey James
Published: July 2024

Gbe languages have two classes of adpositions, namely prepositions and postpositions that have been
argued to have developed from verbs and nouns, respectively. Focusing on the former, we highlight the functions of the
forms across Gbe using examples from Eastern Gbe (e.g., Gungbe) and Western Gbe (e.g., Ewegbe). We further show that
verb-to-preposition shift is gradual: some of the forms (e.g., ablative) are not fully grammaticalised in all the
languages. Likewise, the process is associated with a semantic change from “temporal predicate” in Serial Verb
Constructions (SVC) to a more abstract atemporal predicate, which is also reflected in the loss of the power of the
verbal element to take aspectual inflections or markers.
The eventive functional sequence
Authors: Kotowski Ryan J. S. , Aboh Enoch O. , Don Jan
Published: July 2024

The Kwa languages (Niger-Congo) of West Africa are well-known for displaying Serial Verb
Constructions (SVCs). The literature on SVCs contains various definitions of the phenomenon and recapitulates the
general observation that these constructions express fine-grained information about a complex event and the
participants involved therein. This paper seeks to shed light on the structure that underlies Take and Give SVCs in
Gungbe, a Gbe (Kwa) language spoken in Benin and Nigeria. The examples discussed in the paper demonstrate how Gungbe
is able to employ SVCs to encode specific details about the eventive structure. The proposed analysis further sheds
light on elements which were classified in the Kwa literature as ‘verbid’ (cf. Ansre 1966) for their ambiguous status between adpositions and lexical verbs. It is argued that the
ambiguity reduces to the nature of roots and their functions in Gungbe: the same root can occupy different grammatical
functions.
Reduced complements
Authors: Sulemana Abdul-Razak
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses a set of constructions I call Reduced Complements (RCs). These are
constructions where a verb directly follows another verb making them a subcategory of serial verb constructions
(SVCs). Following an approach to restructuring where size reduction arises if not all domains of the clause are
projected, I argue that RCs are projections of VP. Thus, RCs are VP complements.
From injecting to planting
Authors: Essegbey James
Published: July 2024

Ewe, like many Kwa languages, has very few verbs. Some of them are said to be meaningless or light
because they either do not have a translation equivalent in Standard Average European languages (SAE) or, where they
do, they appear on the surface to have several meanings. In this paper, I discuss one of these verbs, namely dó.
Although Westermann (1933) has only one entry for dó, he provides more than 20 subentries all with
different categories of internal arguments. The entries include ‘to stretch out’, ‘trade’, ‘lend’, ‘fix a price’, and
‘plant. Rongier (2015), on the other hand, has more than a hundred entries for dó. Following Ameka
(2019), I argue that while the multiple interpretations are presented in the dictionaries as though they are different
meanings, they are actually contextual interpretations. I argue that when the argument structure constructions in
which the verb occurs, and the semantics of the arguments with which it occurs are taken into consideration, many of
the different interpretations that are provided for dó fall out from one invariant meaning.
Remarks on nominalised adjectives in Gã
Authors: Korsah Sampson
Published: July 2024

This paper offers a new perspective on the derivation and distribution of nominalised adjectives
in Gã. It claims that they are formed by combining an adjectival base and the nominaliser morpheme e‑. Observing that
the nominaliser has a variant, the paper argues that the occurrence of the two allomorphs is phonologically
constrained. In respect of their distribution, the paper argues that properties like number and agreement marking and
co-occurrence with determiners suggest that they are true nominals. Nonetheless, we can clearly distinguish them from
other morpho-syntactic units in similar structural positions. The paper also provides new empirical insights for
reassessing hitherto assumptions about the distribution of such nominals, including their ability to occur as
complement of copulas and depictives.
Physical and chemical characteristics of plasma-activated water generated by hybrid dielectric barrier discharge and gliding arc discharge
Authors: Azevedo Neto Nilton F , Miranda Felipe S , Moreira Junior Pedro W P , Gomes Marcelo P , Junior Clodomiro Alves , Koga-Ito Cristiane Y , Pessoa Rodrigo S
Published: July 2024

This research explores the synergistic application of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and Gliding Arc Plasma Jet (GAPJ) in a Hybrid Plasma Discharge (HPD) setup for enhanced water activation. The HPD system demonstrated balanced and sustained generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), maintaining efficiency at higher specific input energy (SIE) values. Comparative analyses with DBD and GAPJ systems highlighted the superior performance of the HPD system in generating RONS and modifying water’s molecular structure. Key observations included a decrease in water’s pH and an increase in oxidation-reduction potential, total dissolved solids, and conductivity, stabilizing beyond 5 l min−1 airflow and 10 min of treatment. UV−Vis spectroscopy identified nitrites, nitrates, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrous acid, while Raman spectroscopy captured shifts in vibrational modes, particularly in librational and O–H stretching bands. These changes correlated with alterations in reactive species concentrations and pH levels. Overall, the HPD system emerged as a versatile and efficient approach for generating plasma-activated water, suitable for applications in microbial deactivation, surface sterilization, and electrocatalytic process optimization, offering stable and continuous production of reactive species across a range of SIE values.
A compressed sensing random measurement matrix construction method: block sparse random measurement matrix
Authors: Yu Yaofu , Zhang Zhen , Lin Weiguo
Published: July 2024

Compressed sensing (CS) has shown a huge advantage on data compressing and transmission, and designing a suitable measurement matrix is helpful for performance of the CS. Recently, traditional CS measurement matrices have been well applied in many fields, however, there are still problems, such as long construction time, large storage space, and poor real-time performance. Aiming at above problems, combining the advantages of sparse measurement matrix and identity matrix, a new construction method of measurement matrix named Block Sparse Random Measurement Matrix (BSRMM) is proposed. The proposed matrix satisfies restricted isometry property with high probability, has faster construction speed, smaller storage space, and is easy to implement. Finally, the compressed sampling process with the BSRMM is implemented on a wireless sensor node with microprocessor STM32F407, and a good reconstruction effect is achieved on the simulated leak signals from a small gas pipeline network, which verifies the effectiveness of the BSRMM.
Research on high-precision angular measurement based on machine learning and optical vortex interference technology
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Zhao Donge , Ma Yayun , Yang Xuefeng , Chu Wenbo
Published: July 2024

The paper innovatively constructs a regression prediction model based on the Stacking ensemble learning algorithm by utilizing the distortion degree of vortex optical interference patterns, achieving high-precision measurement of small angles. It constructs a regression prediction model based on the Stacking ensemble learning algorithm. Initially, in the spiral optical conjugate interference system, minute variations in the optical axis yield corresponding interference patterns, within an angle range of 0.0006° to 0.3°. The angle formed between the centroids of the upper two petals in the deformed interference patterns and the center is extracted as a feature for feature extraction. A dataset is established and randomly divided into training, validation, and testing sets in a 6:2:2 ratio. Subsequently, four models—support vector regression, particle swarm optimization back propagation, Gaussian process regression, and the stacking ensemble algorithm—are optimized for hyperparameters, trained, and evaluated based on coefficients of determination, root mean square error, and mean absolute error to compare their predictive performance. Through multiple rounds of training and prediction on randomly partitioned datasets, it is evident that the ensemble model exhibits a reduction in relative error compared to single learners, demonstrating that the Stacking-based ensemble algorithm can combine the strengths of base learners, showcasing superior predictive performance and enhanced stability. Moreover, the Stacking ensemble model achieves a measurement precision of 0.0006°, with a relative error maintained within 0.6%, indicating the feasibility of achieving high-precision measurement of tiny angles in the optical axis using machine learning and spiral optical conjugate interference systems.
Mechanical performance simulation and optimal design of carbon fiber composite B-pillar
Authors: Zhang Jianhui , Hu Yaopeng , Li Qingchun , Yin Changcheng
Published: July 2024

This study primarily concentrates on the layer optimization and structural refinement of carbon fiber composite B-pillars. In the initial phase, an initial layer configuration for the carbon fiber composite material B-pillar was devised, followed by comprehensive finite element numerical simulations. The weight of the B-pillar was effectively diminished by 44.9% compared to its metal counterpart, while maintaining consistent performance across diverse operational conditions. Subsequently, an advanced layer thickness optimization model was formulated, incorporating the innovative ‘super layer’ concept. Integration of simulation software, such as ISIGHT and ABAQUS, facilitated the determination of optimal layer thickness and ratio for the composite material. The layer order was systematically optimized through the application of a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on exchange order, adeptly addressing issues related to discontinuous design variables and potential combinations. The incorporation of a ply drop-off structure laying scheme was derived, resulting in an impressive weight reduction of 57.5%. In the final phase, adherence to NCAP side collision testing standards enabled a comprehensive evaluation, where in various indicators including deformation mode, intrusion amount, and intrusion speed were employed. The results substantiate that the composite B-pillar exhibits equivalent side impact resistance to the original metal B-pillar, ensuring robust passenger protection.
1D topological photonic crystal based nanosensor for tuberculosis detection
Authors: R Lakshmi Thara , Aruna Priya P
Published: July 2024

In this study, we present a nanosized biosensor based on the photobiological properties of one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic crystals (PCs). A topological structure had been designed by combining two PC structures (PC 1 and PC 2) comprised of functional material layers, Si and SiO2. These two, PC 1 and PC 2, differ in terms of the thickness and arrangement of these dielectric materials. We carried out a comparison between two distinct topological PCs: one using random PCs, and the other featuring a mirror heterostructure. Tuberculosis may be diagnosed by inserting a sensor layer into 1D topological PCs. The sensing process is based on the refractive indexes of the analytes in the sensor layer. When the 1D-topological heterostructure-based PC and its mirror-image structures are stacked together, the sensor becomes more efficient for analyte detection than the conventional PCs. The random-based topological PC outperformed the heterostructure-based topological PC in analyte sensing. Photonic media witness notable blue shifts due to the analytes’ variations in refractive index. The numerical results of the sensor are computed using the transfer matrix approach. Effective results are achieved by optimizing the thicknesses of the sensor layer and dielectric layers; number of periods and incident angle. In normal incident light, the developed sensor shows a high sensitivity of 1500 nm RIU−1 with a very low limit of detection in the order of 2.2 × 10−06 RIU and a high-quality factor of 30 659.54.
Enhanced therapeutic impact of Shikonin-encapsulated exosomes in the inhibition of colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Lu Yuchang , Zhou Hailun , Han Changpeng , Gong Yabin , Li Ying , Xia Yubin , Liang Biao , Yang Haojie , Wang Zhenyi
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Shikonin (SHK) has demonstrated extensive anti-tumor activity across various cancers, yet its clinical application is hindered by poor solubility, limited bioavailability, and high toxicity. This study aims to develop SHK-loaded exosomes (SHK-Exos) and assess their efficacy in CRC progression. Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and characterized via TEM, NTA, and western blotting. Their cellular internalization was confirmed through confocal microscopy post PKH67 labeling. Effects on cell behaviors were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. A xenograft tumor model evaluated in vivo therapeutic potential, and tumor tissues were examined using H&E staining and in vivo imaging. SHK-Exos demonstrated effective cell targeting and internalization in CRC cells. In vitro, SHK-Exos surpassed free SHK in inhibiting aggressive cellular behaviors and promoting apoptosis, while in vivo studies showed substantial efficacy in reducing tumor growth with excellent tumor targeting and minimal toxicity. Employing SHK-Exos effectively impedes CRC progression in vitro and in vivo, offering significant therapeutic potential. This research underscores the advantages of using autologous exosomes as a drug carrier, enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity.
Asymptotic stability of rarefaction wave and boundary layer for outflow problem on the viscous vasculogenesis model
*
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Yan Qian
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the outflow problem on a simplified viscous vasculogenesis model in the half-line

R

+

. Firstly, we establish the global-in-time asymptotic stability of the rarefaction wave. Secondly, we obtain the unique existence and decay property of the boundary layer by using stable manifold theorem. Moreover, the asymptotic stability and convergence rates of solution towards boundary layer are obtained. The appearance of concentration makes the stationary problem more difficult than Navier–Stokes equations or Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations.
The effect of water tidal flood towards the durability of asphalt concrete wearing course (ac-wc) mixture
Authors: Labaso E R , Arifin S
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the durability of the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) using conventional asphalt and polymer asphalt due to tidal immersion in sea water. This study uses variations in asphalt content of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, and 6.5% of the total weight of the aggregate. The polymer used in this research is Styrene Butadine Styrene (SBS) elastomer polymer with a concentration of 2% and 4% by weight of asphalt in the asphalt mixture. In seawater immersion, the value of ERS H1 = 0 cm is 87.876%, H2 = 20 cm is 85.960%, H3 = 40 cm is 84.012 %, %, H4 = 40 cm (Laboratory Water) is 93.218%, H5 = 40 cm Polymer 2% is 93.166%, and the height of the immersion H6 = 40 cm 4% polymer is 94.073%. The value of Durability Index H1 = 0 cm is 12.124%, H2 = 20 cm is 14.040%, H3 = 30 cm is 15.988%, H4 = 40 cm (Laboratory Water) is 6.782 %, H5 = 40 cm Polymer 2% is 6.834 % and H6 = 40 cm Polymer 4% of 5.927%. The percentage decrease in residual strength of the immersion height H1 = 0 cm by 24.360 %, H2 = 20 cm by 25.592%, H3 = 40 cm by 30.750 % H4 = 40 cm (Laboratory Water) by 13.528% H5 = 40 cm Polymer 2% by 15.990% H6 = 40 cm Polymer 4%. The amount of damage to an asphalt concrete mixture in seawater immersion is due to the presence of salt in seawater which results in the bonding of an aggregate of asphalt concrete mixture in seawater immersion becoming very weak and reduced, so that all pores in the asphalt concrete mixture submerged in seawater are filled with more water. water. Therefore, the asphalt concrete mixture in seawater immersion has the potential to reduce durability.
Activity of mosquito coils from the solid waste of patchouli (pogostemon cablin benth) with addition of torch ginger (etlingera elatior) flower
Authors: Khatimah H , Walanda D K , Poba D , Ratman  , Afadil
Published: July 2024

Mosquito coils are one type of insecticide used by the community. In this study, the mosquito coils were prepared from solid waste from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin benth) with the addition of torch ginger flower extract as a fragrance and tapioca as an adhesive. It is known that patchouli waste still contains active compounds that act as repellents. This study aims to determine the activity of patchouli solid waste that was converted into mosquito repellent by utilizing ginger flower extract and to determine the durability of mosquito repellent by conducting a burn test. The parameters observed included burn duration test, water content test, unit weight, LT50 test, and FTIR test. The results showed that the burning time of mosquito repellent was 2 hours and 24 minutes, the water content was 0.5518%, and the unit weight of mosquito repellent was 4.66 grams.
Understanding Food Waste Awareness And Behaviour Among University Students: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Hadi Suryadi , Zahra Femilia , Koedio Richaldito
Published: July 2024

Food waste is a significant global issue impacting the environment, economy, and society. Our study, conducted among students in the Department of Management at Tadulako University, employs surveys and interviews to explore their views on food waste. This study aims to create a diverse dataset capturing their awareness of food waste, its causes, and potential solutions. The descriptive analysis reveals a range of attitudes and behaviors among students. Many are aware of food waste and express concern for its environmental impact. However, this awareness doesn’t always translate into action, as some still discard edible food items. This research provides valuable insights into the attitudes and behaviors of university students regarding food waste, contributing to our understanding of the issue. Applying descriptive analysis techniques, we meticulously document the current state of food waste knowledge and behaviors among students. This not only identifies potential areas for targeted interventions but also suggests regulatory reforms. Leveraging these findings, we can actively engage students in the fight against food waste, fostering more effective strategies for a sustainable food system. In contributing to the academic discourse, our research offers a detailed understanding of how awareness, attitudes, and behaviors intersect concerning food waste among university students.
The Effect of Bathymetry Changes on The Palu Bay Coastline Post Tsunami 2018
Authors: Setiyawan  , Saparuddin  , Yunar Alifi , Estiana  , Nadia Desyanti
Published: July 2024

As a result of the disaster on September 28 2018, significant changes occurred in the coastal area of Palu Bay. These changes have caused other problems in the coastal area of Palu Bay, including changes in the coastline and subsidence of parts of the land along the coast of Palu Bay and causing the potential for tidal flooding. Taman Ria Beach is one of the beaches located on the coast of Palu City, Central Sulawesi, where along the beach there are residential areas, hotels, shopping centers and community recreation areas with very high community activity. Based on the impact caused by the Tsunami disaster, it has indicated that there has been a change in the coastline in the coastal area of Taman Ria Beach, Palu City, Central Sulawesi. So the Taman Ria Coastline experienced quite significant changes due to coastline shifts and abrasion, based on the results ofGoogle Earth In 2018, the maximum abrasion that occurred was 58.19 meters and the minimum abrasion was 1.02 meters. Therefore, to solve the problem of coastline changes, it is necessary to conduct research and develop models to predict coastline change patterns using the GENESIS software numerical model (Generalized Model for Simulating Shoreline Change). The aim of this research is to determine changes in the Taman Ria Beach line in the next 5-10 years using GENESIS software. The method in this research is GENESIS, a numerical simulation model software designed to predict coastline changes and modeling coastline changes using two scenarios, namely scenario 1 without any coastal protection buildings and scenario 2 with coastal protection buildings.seawall. Simulations of coastline changes that occur at Taman Ria Beach show that coastline changes occur in the form of accretion and abrasion along the coastline. 5 year simulation results of coastline changes in scenario 1 maximum accretion of 7.95 m and maximum abrasion of -6.8 m in scenario 2 maximum accretion of 3.65 m and maximum abrasion of -2.45 m. And the 10 year simulation results of coastline changes in scenario 1 maximum accretion of 13.75 m and maximum abrasion of -12.5 m in scenario 2 maximum accretion of 5.5 m and maximum abrasion of -2.5 m.
A numerical study on the influence of geometric cell configurations over the thermal performance in a lithium-ion battery module
Authors: Paccha-Herrera Edwin , Medina-Sisalima Alexis , Tapia-Peralta Darwin , Solórzano-Castillo Byron , Gómez-Peña Julio , Coronel-Villavicencio Iván
Published: July 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are used in many applications and their performance can be seriously affected by the operation temperature. In this paper, a numerical approach is employed to evaluate the thermal performance of three different cell configurations in a battery module. Sixteen cylindrical 18650 LIBs were discharged under 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C-rate at 1 m/s and 2 m/s airflow. Numerical simulations were implemented using ANSYS Fluent software. Findings evidence that there exists different thermal behaviour in the battery module associated with the cell arrangement and the location of the inlet and outlet airflow in on the LIB module case. The maximum cell temperature was 64.88 °C, reached at 4C for cells arranged in a rhombus pattern under 1 m/s air speed, and the minimum temperature was 28.10 °C at 1C for a triangular arrangement of cells with air cooling under 2 m/s. The location of the inlet and outlet airflow influences the cooling process of the battery module.
A Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication System using ZigBee
Authors: Sarango Aaron , Vásquez Génesis , Torres Renato
Published: July 2024

Vehicular communication is a promising technology on the rise, holding the promise of enhancing road safety through the facilitation of communication among vehicles and with the road infrastructure. This article introduces a communication model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) interactions, utilizing the ZigBee wireless communication protocol. The implementation involves the creation of a sensor network where information is exchanged among the connected vehicles. The prototype was easy to implement in vehicles due to its modular design and was subjected to experimental road tests to check the system efficiency, communication range and data exchange. The test results showed that the prototype is capable of reliably and efficiently exchange data between the vehicles over distances greater than 300 meters, exceeding the general limits associated with the ZigBee protocol. In addition, the prototype was able to warn the driver of potential road hazards and possible collisions at intersections. The findings of this research project demonstrate the potential of ZigBee technology for the development of V2V systems. However, further research is required to develop and validate more robust and scalable vehicular communication prototypes.
Emissions estimation model based on construction characteristics of M1 vehicles, case of Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Rivera Néstor , Molina Juan , Angamarca William , Avila Jhoan
Published: July 2024

This study presents a model of pollutant emissions (CO, CO2, and HC) based on the construction characteristics of different vehicle models in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. For this purpose, information on the most representative M1 category vehicles in the city was collected from the Vehicle Technical Inspection (RTV) database. The correlation between different variables such as year of manufacture, vehicle weight, RPM at maximum torque, maximum torque, cylinder capacity, and pollutant emissions was analyzed. Also, emission factors were calculated for the most popular vehicles and the level of uncertainty of the study was determined as category B. The results obtained indicate that the year of manufacture is the construction variable that has the greatest influence on vehicle emissions. It was observed that, at 800 RPM, the year of manufacture influences a 43% increase in CO emissions, while, at 2500 RPM, emissions increase to 59%. In the case of CO2, an increase of 54% was observed at 2500 RPM, while, for HC at 800 RPM, the increase was 52%. However, by increasing the speed to 2500 RPM, emissions decrease to 30%. In addition, it was found that the gear change directly influences the amount of vehicle emissions; annual CO2 emissions are higher in the third and fifth gears due to the time the vehicles circulate in these gears. Finally, it was identified that the Brand 2, Model A and Brand 1, Model F vehicles generate the highest amount of annual CO emissions.
Unipotent Representations, Theta Correspondences, and Quantum Induction
Authors: He Hongyu
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we construct unipotent representations for the real orthagonal groups and the metaplectic groups in the sense of Vogan. Our construction is based on quantum induction which involves the compositions of even number of theta correspondences. In particular, our results imply that there are irreducible unitary representations attached to each special nilpotent orbit.
Bilinear Estimates in the Presence of a Large Potential and a Critical NLS in 3D
Authors: Pusateri Fabio , Soffer Avraham
Published: July 2024

We propose an approach to nonlinear evolution equations with large and decaying external potentials that addresses the question of controlling globally-in-time the nonlinear interactions of localized waves in this setting. This problem arises when studying localized perturbations around (possibly non-decaying) special solutions of evolution PDEs, and trying to control the projection onto the continuous spectrum of the nonlinear radiative interactions.

One of our main tools is the Fourier transform adapted to the Schrödinger operator

H
=
−
Δ
+
V

H=-\Delta +V

, which we employ at a nonlinear level. As a first step we analyze the spatial integral of the product of three generalized eigenfunctions of

H
H

, and determine the precise structure of its singularities. This leads to study bilinear operators with certain singular kernels, for which we derive product estimates of Coifman-Meyer type. This analysis can then be combined with multilinear harmonic analysis tools and the study of oscillations to obtain (distorted Fourier space analogues of) weighted estimates for dispersive and wave equations.

As a first application we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in

3
3

d in the presence of large, decaying and generic potential with no bound states, and with a

u
2

u^2

non-linearity. The main difficulty is that a quadratic nonlinearity in

3
3

d is critical with respect to the Strauss exponent; moreover, this nonlinearity has non-trivial fully coherent interactions even when

V
=
0

V=0

. We prove quantitative global-in-time bounds and scattering for small solutions.
Use of Impedance Cardiography to Guide Blood Pressure Lowering Medication Selection: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Viera Anthony J , Hart Lauren , Gomez Altamirano Pedro , Tuttle Brandi , Price Ashley , Sherwood Andrew
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Blood pressure (BP) control can be difficult to attain due to multiple factors, including choosing and titrating antihypertensive medications. Measurement of hemodynamic parameters using impedance cardiography (ICG) at the point of care may allow better alignment of medication with the mechanism(s) underlying an individual’s hypertension. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of ICG compared to usual care for attainment of BP control.

METHODS

We searched Medline inclusive of the year 1946 to January 31, 2024, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. English-language articles were eligible for inclusion if they described results of a randomized controlled trial designed to compare ICG-guided BP-medication selection to usual care (i.e., clinician judgment/guidelines-based alone) among a sample of hypertensive patients.

RESULTS

Of 1,952 titles screened, 6 trials met inclusion criteria. The first was published in 2002 from a specialty clinic in the United States, and the most recent in 2021 from a specialty clinic in China. One trial was conducted in a primary care setting. Sample sizes ranged from 102 to 164. Participants randomized to ICG-guided antihypertensive medication had reduced BP in the short-term to a greater extent than those randomized to usual care, with odds ratios for BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) at 3 months ranging from 1.87 to 2.92. This effect was seen in both specialty clinics and in a primary care setting.

CONCLUSIONS

Incorporation of ICG in the clinical setting may facilitate medication selection that leads to a greater proportion of patients obtaining BP control in the short term.
Clinical and economic burden of suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in US hospitals
Authors: Xing Shan , Bullano Michael , Hale Sarah , Lokhandwala Tasneem , Murty Sharanya
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (activity <10%) is the diagnostic threshold for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and is associated with various clinical symptoms, abnormal laboratory results, and long-term complications.

Methods

This retrospective, noninterventional cohort study used the Premier Healthcare Database to identify patients with ADAMTS13 activity of <10% in US hospitals from January 1, 2016, through March 31, 2020. The objective was to describe patient characteristics, laboratory results, comorbidities (as measured by the Elixhauser comorbidity index), symptoms, length of stay, treatment patterns, mortality, inpatient costs, and readmission rates (summarized descriptively). Inpatient costs were calculated as total cost to the hospital.

Results

There were 211 patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency; 89% of patients had a TTP-related diagnosis, of whom 62% had a primary diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy. Over 80% of patients with available data had a decreased platelet count and elevated lactate dehydrogenase; schistocytes were detected in 99%. The most prevalent symptoms/complications were neurological, bleeding, and pain. Most patients (86%) had 2 or more Elixhauser comorbidities. Over 80% of patients received 1 or more TTP-related treatments, mostly plasma exchange. The mean length of stay was 11.5 days; 5% of patients died during their stay. Readmission rates at 30, 60, and 90 days were 20%, 26%, and 28%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) total inpatient cost to the hospital throughout the index admission was $33,221 ($19,431-$64,901).

Conclusion

Patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency have substantial clinical burden, have high mortality and readmission rates, and generate high costs for hospitals. There is a high need for a therapy that replaces ADAMTS13, thus addressing the root cause of the symptoms and complications caused by this deficiency.
A national survey of medication utilization for cardiac resuscitation in the emergency department: A survey of emergency medicine pharmacists
Authors: Ray Lance , Acquisto Nicole M , Coralic Zlatan , Feldman Ryan , Mercer Kevin , Zimmerman David E , Howington Gavin T , Slocum Giles W , Faine Brett , Rech Megan A
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Vasoactive medications are used during advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to shunt oxygenated blood to vital organs and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to maintain hemodynamic goals. However, limited evidence exists to support vasoactive medication recommendations in such scenarios, and it is unknown how practices vary among emergency departments across the US.

Methods

A survey questionnaire (15 questions) was electronically distributed to emergency medicine pharmacists (EMPs) in the US through various professional listservs. Demographic information, American Heart Association ACLS algorithm medication use, and use of continuous vasopressor infusions and adjunct medications following ROSC were assessed and are reported descriptively.

Results

The survey was distributed to 764 EMPs, with a 23% response rate from a wide geographic distribution and 48% of respondents practicing in academic medical centers. Epinephrine dosing and administration during cardiac arrest were reported by most to be in accordance with ACLS cardiac arrest algorithms. Calcium, magnesium sulfate, and sodium bicarbonate were the most common adjunct intravenous medications given during cardiac arrest. Norepinephrine was the first-choice vasopressor (81%) for post-ROSC hypotension, while epinephrine was preferred less frequently (17%). Antibiotics and sodium bicarbonate were the most frequently administered post-ROSC adjunct medications.

Conclusion

This survey of a geographically diverse group of EMPs demonstrated high ACLS algorithm adherence for epinephrine during cardiac arrest with frequent additional administration of nonalgorithm medications. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium were the most frequently administered adjunct medications during cardiac arrest, while sodium bicarbonate and antibiotics were the most frequently used adjunct medications following ROSC. Norepinephrine was the most commonly used vasopressor following ROSC.
Legal Innovation through a Biographical Lens: Antonio Cassese and the European Tradition
Authors: Donaldson Megan
Published: July 2024

This symposium introduction reflects on themes of tradition and innovation in the work of Antonio (‘Nino’) Cassese. These themes were central to Cassese’s own thinking, in ways drawn out by the three symposium articles on aspects of his life and work, and they play important roles in international law more broadly. In exploring these themes in a loosely biographical inquiry, the introduction also poses questions about the nature of biographical writing in international law and its relation to memorialization and historicization of law’s recent past.
Efficacy and safety of focal pulsed-field ablation for ventricular arrhythmias: two-centre experience
Authors: Peichl Petr , Bulava Alan , Wichterle Dan , Schlosser Filip , Stojadinović Predrag , Borišincová Eva , Štiavnický Peter , Hašková Jana , Kautzner Josef
Published: July 2024

Aims

A pulsed electric field (PF) energy source is a novel potential option for catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) as it can create deeper lesions, particularly in scarred tissue. However, very limited data exist on its efficacy and safety. This prospective observational study reports the initial experience with VA ablation using focal PF.

Methods and results

The study population consisted of 44 patients (16 women, aged 61 ± 14years) with either frequent ventricular premature complexes (VPCs, 48%) or scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT, 52%). Ablation was performed using an irrigated 4 mm tip catheter and a commercially available PF generator. On average, 16 ± 15 PF applications (25 A) were delivered per patient. Acute success was achieved in 84% of patients as assessed by elimination of VPC or reaching non-inducibility of VT. In three cases (7%), a transient conduction system block was observed during PF applications remotely from the septum. Root analysis revealed that this event was caused by current leakage from the proximal shaft electrodes in contact with the basal interventricular septum. Acute elimination of VPC was achieved in 81% patients and non-inducibility of VT in 83% patients. At the 3-month follow-up, persistent suppression of the VPC was confirmed on Holter monitoring in 81% patients. In the VT group, the mean follow-up was 116 ± 75 days and a total of 52% patients remained free of any VA.

Conclusion

Pulsed electric field catheter ablation of a broad spectrum of VA is feasible with acute high efficacy; however, the short-term follow-up is less satisfactory for patients with scar-related VT.
Outcomes of co-designed communities of practice that support members to address public health issues
Authors: Elbrink Sanne H , Elmer Shandell L , Hawkins Melanie H , Osborne Richard H
Published: July 2024

Communities of practice are commonly used to support members in responding to public health issues. This study evaluated the outcomes of five co-designed communities of practice to determine if members’ expectations were met, if knowledge sharing between members extended to knowledge translation, and if that supported members in addressing public health issues. Data were collected through an initial needs assessment, observations were made during community of practice sessions over 1 year, and qualitative interviews were conducted at the end of that year. The findings provided evidence that members’ expectations were met, knowledge sharing took place within the communities of practice, and personal benefits gained supported members in advancing knowledge sharing with other members to knowledge translation outside their community of practice. Results demonstrate three outcomes of knowledge translation for members: disseminating knowledge to others, applying knowledge to make small-scale changes in practice and leveraging the knowledge to expand its reach beyond members’ organizations. While the scale and speed of expanding outcomes were below initial expectations as indicated in the initial needs assessments, members remained optimistic about achieving larger-scale impacts in the future. This study showed that communities of practice achieve gradual progress rather than quick wins. Co-design supports the facilitators in meeting members’ needs, which can positively contribute to members sharing knowledge and translating that knowledge to support their practice to address public health issues.