bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Lidar Change Detection Informed Buried Pipe Deformation Analysis to High Resolution IMU Survey Data
Authors: Albin Brian , Wade Adam , Hart James D. , Gilbert Wayne
Published: December 2024

A highway widening project necessitated the reroute of a PG&E high pressure gas transmission line, resulting in a new pipeline alignment adjacent to a 155-foot-tall slope. Incipient slope failure, first observed as distress to the nearby highway, resulted in PG&E proactively reducing pressure in the section of pipeline believed to be within the nearby landslide mass. Several years of survey monitoring indicated that slope movement was ongoing, however, federal regulations require internal integrity inspections at regular intervals. These inspections require significantly higher pressure than was currently in the potentially distressed pipeline. Prior to increasing pressure for the inspection, PG&E performed an analysis to confirm that the creeping landslide mass had not compromised the pipeline integrity.

This paper describes a project application wherein lidar cloud differencing calculation methods were used to develop estimates of vertical and horizontal ground movements profiles associated within the landslide along the PG&E gas transmission pipeline. Estimated ground movement profiles were used as inputs to buried pipeline deformation analysis models which were subjected to internal pressure and temperature differential loads. The models were used to develop estimates of along-pipe profiles of pipeline curvature, bending strains, axial and von Mises stresses and axial forces. The lidar-based estimated ground movement profiles were compared to pipeline geometry profiles measured during a recent high resolution IMU survey of the pipeline, as well as comparisons with the key pipeline deformation results estimated from the buried pipeline analysis models. This paper illustrates how the combination of lidar differencing calculation methods and buried pipe deformation analyses provided a reasonable comparison with IMU survey data. This project furnishes a unique example of how these technologies can be useful as an aid in decision making with respect to pipeline structural integrity considerations for geohazard induced permanent ground movements.
Enhancements in Susceptibility of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) on Liquid and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Tehsin Nauman , Al-Rabeeah Mohammed A. , Alghamdi Abdullah S. , Abduljawad Yaseen A. , Al-Saif Ahmad R.
Published: December 2024

Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated, global petroleum enterprise and a world leader in exploration, production, refining, transportation, distribution, shipping and marketing. The company runs a vast network of vintage pipelines from pre-1979 period to transport oil, gas and refined products all over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco initiated the inspection of these vintage liquid and gas pipelines using Ultrasonic Crack Detection In-Line-Inspection (UTCD ILI) tools and Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer ILI (EMAT ILI) tools respectively to detect the presence of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Following the inspection, Saudi Aramco has discovered SCC on both liquid and gas pipelines. Saudi Aramco built on the hybrid criteria for identifying SCC susceptible segments using ASME B31.8S [1], CEPA [2], and TTO8 [3] criteria to prioritize its network for conducting inspections on SCC. The criteria were based on pipeline design and operating parameters, environment, age and condition. A total of 43 pipelines (both liquid and gas) were inspected for SCC, where, 21 pipelines exhibited SCC which was also verified through direct examination.

This paper discusses in more detail how Saudi Aramco capitalized on the existing industry literature to enhance the SCC susceptibility criteria, prioritized pipelines for SCC inspection, and the major findings and highlights realized from this activity. The study team from Saudi Aramco used logistic regressions [4] to identify factors that increase or decrease the likelihood that cracking is present. The findings were used to identify liquid and gas pipelines susceptible to cracking to include in the future ILI run.
The Role of Residual Stress in Circumferential Stress Corrosion Cracking – An Initial Study
Authors: Long Fei , Persaud Suraj , Daymond Mark R. , Zhang Ken , Chune Ronald
Published: December 2024

In the past decade, several near-neutral pH external circumferential stress corrosion cracking (C-SCC) were found in various pipelines, and some features have led to in-service or hydrostatic test leaks. Previous studies have emphasized the significant role of stress in the integrity management of C-SCC, primarily in two aspects: i) the initiation and propagation of C-SCC, and ii) the burst and fitness for service (FFS) assessment of known C-SCC features.

Earlier research revealed that most C-SCC colonies were located near the top or bottom of the pipe, often associated with vertical field bends or local deformation at the bottom of the pipe, and often they are found on slopes. The mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking suggest that axial stress must surpass hoop stress for cracks to align in the circumferential direction. Historically, the sources of axial stress were identified as geohazard-induced axial stress, pressure-induced axial tension, or cross-sectional or local deformation. However, stress analysis on several recently discovered C-SCCs in operational natural gas pipelines revealed low global axial stress at these locations. This finding, confirmed by the observation of minimal or no movement during cut-out, necessitates a better understanding of additional axial stress sources, such as surficial residual stress at these locations.

In this study, detailed electron microscopy characterization was carried out on pipeline sections containing developed C-SCC. Advanced microscopy using focused ion beam (FIB) and S/TEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the formation of SCC is closely related to development of cracking/corrosion on cementite precipitates at the grain boundaries. Through thickness residual stress measurement and mapping were performed using high energy Synchrotron x-ray diffraction on both cracked and non-cracked pipe sections cut from in-service natural gas pipelines. The test results suggest high residual stress with substantial amplitude variation existed in the pipeline that had C-SCCs formation.
Hydrogen Pressure Cycling of Subscale Pipes to Simulate Full-Scale Testing of Transmission Pipelines
Authors: San Marchi Chris , Ronevich Joseph A. , Schroeder Benjamin , Davis Brendan C.
Published: December 2024

Full-scale testing of pipes is costly and requires significant infrastructure investments. Subscale testing offers the potential to substantially reduce experimental costs and provides testing flexibility when transferrable test conditions and specimens can be established. To this end, a subscale pipe testing platform was developed to pressure cycle 60 mm diameter pipes (Nominal Pipe Size 2) to failure with gaseous hydrogen. Engineered defects were machined into the inner surface or outer surface to represent pre-existing flaws. The pipes were pressure cycled to failure with gaseous hydrogen at pressures to match operating stresses in large diameter pipes (e.g., stresses comparable to similar fractions of the specified minimum yield stress in transmission pipelines). Additionally, the pipe specimens were instrumented to identify crack initiation, such that crack growth could be compared to fracture mechanics predictions. Predictions leverage an extensive body of materials testing in gaseous hydrogen (e.g., ASME B31.12 Code Case 220) and the recently developed probabilistic fracture mechanics framework for hydrogen (Hydrogen Extremely Low Probability of Rupture, HELPR). In this work, we evaluate the failure response of these subscale pipe specimens and assess the conservatism of fracture mechanics-based design strategies (e.g., API 579/ASME FFS). This paper describes the subscale hydrogen testing capability, compares experimental outcomes to predictions from the probabilistic hydrogen fracture framework (HELPR), and discusses the complement to full-scale testing.
A Novel Correlation Model Between the Critical CTOD and Crack Tip Constraint of High-Grade Pipeline Girth Weld
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhang Hong , Zhang Haonan , Yang Yue , Feng Qingshan , Wang Dongying , Wang Chong , Liu Xiaoben
Published: December 2024

Under the action of external load, the crack driving force of the girth weld is greater than the fracture toughness of the material, which will lead to the fracture failure accident of the girth weld of the pipeline. As an important parameter of the failure limit state prediction model, the fracture toughness of the material is affected by the constraint state of the structural crack tip. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate correlation between the fracture toughness of the material and the crack tip constraint. In this paper, based on the theory of meso-damage mechanics, a multi-scale numerical simulation model of crack propagation resistance of girth welds is established to accurately describe the complete fracture behavior of crack tip passivation, crack initiation and tearing. An accurate characterization method of crack tip constraint difference of weld metal based on the equivalent plastic zone area of crack tip is proposed. A unified correlation between the CTOD of girth welds and the crack tip constraint is established, which is suitable for different material properties. The accuracy of the established constraint-fracture toughness correlation is verified by the finite element calculation results of full-scale pipeline girth welds, and the average relative error is less than 4 %. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the accurate determination of fracture toughness of pipeline girth welds in fracture evaluation.
Pipeline Performance Monitoring in a Geohazard Management Program Using Inline Inspection and Strain Gauges
Authors: Manicke Heidi , Babcock Joel , Dewar Doug , Charlesworth Coleby , Rubinstein Laura
Published: December 2024

The focus of a pipeline Geohazard Management Program (GMP) has often been on monitoring ground movement at geohazard locations using technologies such as Borehole Inclinometers (BIs), surface surveys, and ground inspections. Often geotechnical engineers drive the investigation and monitoring of a pipeline intersecting a geohazard; therefore, less emphasis is placed on monitoring the impact on the pipeline and more focus is on monitoring the geohazard directly. Two common methods of monitoring pipeline performance in geohazards are Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges (VWSGs) and In-Line Inspection Inertial Measurement Unit (ILI IMU) surveys.

Vibrating Wire (VW) is a mature technology that has been used in a variety of monitoring applications, including monitoring strain in steel members such as pipelines, for nearly a century [1]. ILI IMU data analysis has been successfully used to detect landslide interactions in pipelines for over 25 years [2], with ongoing developments in technologies such as axial strain monitoring tools.

This paper highlights two cases studies where the efficacy of these monitoring techniques is examined and compared. This paper includes a discussion of the limitations of both VWSGs and ILI IMU and how these technologies can be complementary in a pipeline GMP, including recommendations on strain gauge implementation.
Building a Franchise From Scratch: The Munich Ravens and the European League of Football
Authors: Boehmer Jan , Stolz Sebastian
Published: December 2024

American football is experiencing a boom across Europe. Not only has the National Football League increased its international footprint, but also local leagues are vying for fans. This case study follows the Munich Ravens, a successful expansion franchise in the recently established European League of Football, and highlights the tactics employed by their General Manager to build their brand early on. More specifically, to survive in a competitive market, the Ravens fostered several distinct brand associations to create a vivid community. Readers will be asked to draw insights from the Ravens’ inaugural season and create a brand for an expansion franchise of their own.
Positive Experiences Among Elite Athletes in Finland: Associations With Basic Psychological Needs, Sport Conditions, and Background Factors
Authors: Kaski Satu S. , Kinnunen Ulla
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to study the prevalence of PERMA experiences (Positive emotions, Engagement, (positive) Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) among elite athletes in Finland (n = 2,045) and factors that are potentially connected to these experiences. The results indicated that, depending on the PERMA component, 40%–52% of the athletes had positive experiences in sports. A total of 42% of the athletes could be classified as flourishing. Feeling competent in sports was positively related to all PERMA experiences. The safe atmosphere of the team seemed to be of greater importance for PERMA components than coach behavior. Belonging to a minority group was negatively related to all positive experiences except for Engagement. Our results suggest that strengthening of athletes’ feeling of competence is essential in promoting positive experiences in sports, which are important for athletes’ functioning and success. In addition, sports organizations should pay more attention to how to strengthen equality and equity in sports.
The Health and Physical Education Masters of Education Experience
Authors: Gleddie Douglas L. , Kinsella Cassidy , Harding-Kuriger Jodi , Morrison Hayley , Sulz Lauren
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The rationale for teacher-focused graduate education encompasses diverse motivation, including: enhance salaries, elevate professional status, meet licensure requirements, and improvement of teacher effectiveness (professional development). Despite the proliferation of graduate programs for in-service educators, their impact on teachers, their contexts (schools), and their students remains unclear. This study explored graduate student experiences within a Health and Physical Education Masters of Education cohort. Method: Employing Dewey’s theory of experience and interpretive inquiry, interviews were conducted with students after the first year (n = 11) and upon program completion (n = 10). Interviews were transcribed, coded, and themed. Results: Students expressed deep experiences of growth, reflection, and challenges, which were organized into four themes: (a) theory to practice and back again, (b) multiple perspectives, (c) becoming a community, and (d) transforming purpose. Discussion/Conclusion: The findings inform new cohorts, graduate programs, and future work on a Deweyan framework for graduate studies in Health and Physical Education as transformative professional learning.
Nzf2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and regeneration via repressing HDAC1-mediated histone deacetylation
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Fang Minxi , Chen Lixia , Huang Hao , Dai Zhong-Min , Yang Junlin , Qiu Mengsheng
Published: December 2024

Proper axonal myelination and function of the vertebrate central nervous system rely largely on the timely differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), yet key regulatory factors remain enigmatic. Our study reveals neural zinc finger (Nzf2) as a crucial orchestrator that controls the timing of OL differentiation both during development and myelin repair, contrasting with its previously suggested role in direct myelin gene regulation.
Nzf2
ablation delays the onset of OL differentiation, while hyperactivation stimulates OL differentiation both during development and remyelination. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we pinpoint Nkx2.2 as a critical downstream target of Nzf2. Specific binding of Nzf2 in the
Nkx2.2
gene locus inhibits histone deacetylation by disrupting the HDAC1 repressor complex and reducing deacetylase activity. Furthermore, Nzf2 overrides the inhibitory Notch signaling to initiate OL differentiation. Thus, we propose that the Notch-Nzf2-Nkx2.2 axis is a vital component of OL differentiation timing mechanism, suggesting Nzf2 as a potential therapeutic target for stimulating OL differentiation and boosting myelin repair in demyelinating diseases.
An alternate route for cellulose microfibril biosynthesis in plants
Authors: Roberts Eric M. , Yuan Kai , Chaves Arielle M. , Pierce Ethan T. , Cresswell Rosalie , Dupree Ray , Yu Xiaolan , Blanton Richard L. , Wu Shu-Zon , Bezanilla Magdalena , Dupree Paul , Haigler Candace H. , Roberts Alison W.
Published: December 2024

Similar to cellulose synthases (CESAs), cellulose synthase–like D (CSLD) proteins synthesize β-1,4-glucan in plants. CSLDs are important for tip growth and cytokinesis, but it was unknown whether they form membrane complexes in vivo or produce microfibrillar cellulose. We produced viable CESA-deficient mutants of the moss
Physcomitrium patens
to investigate CSLD function without interfering CESA activity. Microscopy and spectroscopy showed that CESA-deficient mutants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that are indistinguishable from those in vascular plants. Correspondingly, freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed rosette-shaped particle assemblies in the plasma membrane that are indistinguishable from CESA-containing rosette cellulose synthesis complexes (CSCs). Our data show that proteins other than CESAs, most likely CSLDs, produce cellulose microfibrils in
P. patens
protonemal filaments. The data suggest that the specialized roles of CSLDs in cytokinesis and tip growth are based on differential expression and different interactions with microtubules and possibly Ca
2+
, rather than structural differences in the microfibrils they produce.
Regulation of volume-regulated anion channels alters sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy
Authors: Feldman Lily Elizabeth R. , Mohapatra Saswat , Jones Robert T. , Scholtes Mathijs , Tilton Charlene B. , Orman Michael V. , Joshi Molishree , Deiter Cailin S. , Broneske Travis P. , Qu Fangyuan , Gutierrez Corazon , Ye Huihui , Clambey Eric T. , Parker Sarah , Mahmoudi Tokameh , Zuiverloon Tahlita , Costello James C. , Theodorescu Dan
Published: December 2024

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used across many common tumor types, but resistance reduces the likelihood of long-term survival. We previously found the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, NPEPPS, as a druggable driver of cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo and in patient-derived organoids. Here, we present a general mechanism where NPEPPS interacts with the volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) to control cisplatin import into cells and thus regulate cisplatin response across a range of cancer types. We also find the NPEPPS/VRAC gene expression ratio is a predictive measure of cisplatin response in multiple cancer cohorts, showing the broad applicability of this mechanism. Our work describes a specific mechanism of cisplatin resistance, which, given the characteristics of NPEPPS as a drug target, has the potential to improve cancer patient outcomes. In addition, we describe an intracellular mechanism regulating VRAC activity, which is critical for volume regulation in normal cells – a finding with functional implications beyond cancer.
Onsite ammonia synthesis from water vapor and nitrogen in the air
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Basheer Chanbasha , Xu Jinheng , Zare Richard N.
Published: December 2024

An innovative method for onsite ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions has been developed using a catalyst mesh composed of magnetite (Fe
3
O
4
) and Nafion polymer. We pass air through the catalyst, which condenses microdroplets from atmospheric water vapor and uses nitrogen from the air, resulting in ammonia concentrations ranging from 25 to 120 μM in 1 hour, depending on local relative humidity. Operated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, this technique eliminates the need for additional electricity or radiation, thereby substantially reducing carbon dioxide emissions compared to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. In laboratory experiments, we further optimized the reaction conditions and scaled up the process. After 2 hours of spraying, the ammonia concentration increased to 270.2 ± 25.1 μM. In addition, we present a portable device designed for onsite ammonia production which consistently produces an ammonia concentration that is adequate for some agricultural irrigation purposes.
All eukaryotic SMC proteins induce a twist of −0.6 at each DNA loop extrusion step
Authors: Janissen Richard , Barth Roman , Davidson Iain F. , Peters Jan-Michael , Dekker Cees
Published: December 2024

Eukaryotes carry three types of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes, condensin, cohesin, and SMC5/6, which are ATP-dependent motor proteins that remodel the genome via DNA loop extrusion (LE). SMCs modulate DNA supercoiling but remains incompletely understood how this is achieved. Using a single-molecule magnetic tweezers assay that directly measures how much twist is induced by individual SMCs in each LE step, we demonstrate that all three SMC complexes induce the same large negative twist (i.e., linking number change

Δ

L
k

of ~−0.6 at each LE step) into the extruded loop, independent of step size and DNA tension. Using ATP hydrolysis mutants and nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs, we find that ATP binding is the twist-inducing event during the ATPase cycle, coinciding with the force-generating LE step. The fact that all three eukaryotic SMC proteins induce the same amount of twist indicates a common DNA-LE mechanism among these SMC complexes.
Robotic-arm assisted total knee replacement in an ankylosed knee
Authors: Pranav Sanjeev , Thomson Thomas , Chandrababu Balu , Thilak Jai
Published: December 2024

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis in her 30s who had a left knee that had been ankylosed for 10 years was treated with robotic-arm assisted total knee replacement (RA-TKR) and surgical release of the ankyloses. For RA-TKR, accurate bony registration is essential. It was difficult to record the bone intraoperatively in an ankylosed knee with changed morphology. With careful preparation and implementation, RA-TKR can be an effective option in complicated situations like ankyloses.
Rare case of classic Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chua Nicole Allyson , Sollano Jose
Published: December 2024

Primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma (PGIL) is a rare form of presentation of gastrointestinal tract (GI) lymphomas. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the use of thiopurines are known risk factors for its appearance. We report a male patient in his early 70s treated only with mesalamine for ulcerative colitis (UC) for the past 6 years. He was admitted due to COVID-19 and anaemia secondary to massive haematochezia. The patient underwent total colectomy with end ileostomy, with intraoperative proctoscopy. Tissue biopsy demonstrated typical features of UC; however, atypical lymphoid proliferation of the regional lymph nodes with histological and immunochemical staining results was suggestive of classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis subtype. The patient was treated with adriamycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine chemotherapy initially successful after 1 session but later opted for palliative care. Due to its rarity, lymphoid neoplasms occurring in the context of IBD are poorly known.
Pallid optic disc oedema in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy without a conventional ‘disc at risk’
Authors: Jafari Samira , Munoz David G , Micieli Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is typically characterised by non-pallid optic disc oedema and a contralateral small optic nerve head. Typically, the optic cup is absent or small with a cup-to-disc ratio of less than 0.3 termed ‘disc at risk’. While systemic and ocular risk factors are identified as risk factors of NAION, the exact pathogenesis of NAION is not fully understood. We report a case of NAION with pallid optic disc oedema and the absence of a disc at risk in a patient with multiple vascular risk factors, suggesting an underlying severe atherosclerotic pathology. This case highlights that NAION may present with atypical features with pallid optic disc oedema and absence of a disc at risk and highlights atherosclerosis as an associated underlying risk factor.
Unique presentation of perforated gallbladder and gangrene in third trimester pregnancy: management and other considerations
Authors: Farooqi Anna , Dai Jean , Sauers Delaney , Obokhare Izi
Published: December 2024

Acute cholecystitis during pregnancy presents significant risks, requiring careful management to balance maternal and fetal health. Conflicting viewpoints exist on conservative versus surgical treatment, particularly in the third trimester. Here, we present a case of a woman in her early 40s at 34 weeks of gestational age with acute cholecystitis and signs of preterm labour. Despite conservative management, she developed sepsis, necessitating a subtotal cholecystectomy due to gallbladder perforation and chronic inflammation. Postoperatively, a cystic duct bile leak was managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. She was discharged on postoperative day 4 and later had an uncomplicated term vaginal delivery. This case underscores the importance of individualised treatment plans and supports the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the third trimester. Enhanced research and multidisciplinary provider education are crucial for improving patient decision-making regarding surgical intervention during pregnancy.
Symptomatic giant lipoma of the neck in an adolescent
Authors: Sardo Angela M , Wieck Minna M
Published: December 2024

Lipomas are the most common soft tissue tumours in adults, but they represent less than 10% of paediatric mesenchymal tumours. In adults, they are typically slow growing and painless. We describe an adolescent with a rapidly enlarging neck mass causing dyspnoea and chest pain. Physical examination revealed a soft mobile mass extending from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle, with imaging demonstrating a 3×6×15 cm lipoma extending to the superior mediastinum with mass effect on key neck and mediastinal structures. It was surgically resected without complications and all presenting symptoms resolved. Along with the two other reported cases of giant lipomas of the neck in children, this presentation illustrates the rapid growth and symptomatic nature of giant lipomas in children. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment.
Elucidating the bidirectional association between autoimmune diseases and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yongli , Zhao Chengyuan , Sun Shihua , Mi Guolin , Liu Changhong , Ding Guoyong , Wang Cheng , Tang Fang
Published: December 2024

Question

Collective evidence for the bidirectional association between depression and autoimmune diseases (ADs) is scarce, especially for subgroups of patients with specific ADs. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) of depression among patients with ADs, and vice versa.

Study selection and analysis

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycNet and Cochrane were searched up to 10 September 2024. Cohort studies evaluating longitudinal risks between ADs and depression were included. Incidence rates and RRs of depression among patients with ADs and vice versa were pooled.

Findings

The analysis included 47 studies, involving over 40.77 million participants. The pooled incidence rate of depression among patients with ADs was 6.71% (95% CI 5.10% to 8.77%), with an RR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.19), higher in patients aged over 45 (2.30; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.26) and females (1.88; 95% CI 1.61 to 2.20). Conversely, the pooled incidence rate of ADs among depression was 0.54% (95% CI 0.24% to 1.19%), with an RR of 1.84 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.09). The incidence rate and RRs also varied across subgroups with the highest incidence rate in the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (1.36; 95% CI 0.50 to 3.63) and RR in the genitourinary system (2.23; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.51).

Conclusions

This study identified a bidirectional association between depression and ADs, with higher RRs among patients aged over 45 and females. Especially higher risks were also found for specific types of ADs including endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, genitourinary system, and skin and subcutaneous tissue.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024541053.
Prospective study of food intake changes in adolescent elite athletes
Authors: Larsson Maria , Lindman Ida , Hörnell Agneta , Abrahamson Josefin
Published: December 2024

Background

Inadequate energy intake among athletes can lead to low energy availability (LEA) which in turn can result in negative effects on athletic performance and physical and psychological health. This syndrome is known as relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs).

Objective

To map perceived changes in overall food intake among adolescent athletes during the previous year, as well as weekly changes during a 3-month period and to examine how these changes are associated with mental health, physical load and sex.

Methods

A total of 168 high school athletes from eight different sports participated. A baseline questionnaire examined changes in training habits and food intake in the past year, mental health (short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)), injury history and previous periods of poor psychological health. Weekly digital questionnaires for 3 months tracked weekly physical and mental load and changes in food intake. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results

A decreased food intake during the previous year was reported more often among athletes experiencing periods of poor mental health than those without such periods (10% vs 2%; p=0.034). Athletes who decreased their food intake reported lower mental well-being than athletes who increased their food intake (mean difference in SWEMWBS=4.69±1.57; p=0.021). Over a 3-month period, most athletes did not change their food intake, yet fluctuations in physical load were reported.

Conclusion

This study showed that athletes experiencing lower mental health or period(s) of poor mental health reported decreased food intake more often than those with better mental health or those without period(s) of poor mental health. In addition, the mismatch found between perceived weekly changes in overall food intake and changes in physical load during the same time period could potentially result in an increased risk for LEA.
Diet quality, psychological factors and their associations with risk factors of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Nybacka Sanna , Peolsson Anneli , Leanderson Per , Ryden Mireille
Published: December 2024

Background

Several modifiable risk factors, including dietary habits, are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. However, lifestyle changes remain notoriously challenging, perhaps due to psychosocial factors. This pilot study aims to investigate the relationship between adherence to a healthy diet, CVD risk factors, psychological factors and sociodemographic variables among middle-aged adults in Sweden.

Methods

Data were collected from March to December 2012 in the SCAPIS diet sub-study, where a total of 200 participants aged 50–64 years were enrolled. Dietary intake was assessed using the MiniMeal-Q food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to healthy eating patterns was evaluated using the Diet Quality Index-Swedish Nutrition Recommendations (DQI-SNR). Psychological factors, stress and sleep patterns were assessed through a comprehensive questionnaire. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, X2tests and logistic regression to identify predictors of unfavourable apolipoprotein (Apo) B/Apo A1 ratios.

Results

Out of 200 participants, 182 had complete and reliable dietary data. The majority exhibited intermediate adherence to a healthy diet, with women showing better adherence to dietary fibre intake compared with men. Women with high dietary quality had better cardiovascular profiles, including higher levels of Apo A1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower Apo B/Apo A1 ratios and higher plasma carotenoids. Significant predictors of unfavourable Apo B/Apo A1 ratios included low socioeconomic status (SES), higher body mass index, larger waist circumference and smoking. Stratified adjusted analyses revealed distinct predictors based on SES, with depression increasing the OR of an unfavourable lipid profile by 6.41 times (p=0.019) in low SES areas.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of tailored recommendations considering socioeconomic and psychological factors. Addressing mental health and promoting physical activity may be crucial for CVD risk reduction, particularly in low SES areas. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger cohorts and to develop targeted interventions for diverse population groups.
Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib compared sorafenib as first-line therapeutic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Cai Hongfu , Lin Jingwen , Zhu Huide , Zheng Zhiwei
Published: December 2024

Aim

The objective of this research is to assess the cost-effectiveness of combining camrelizumab with rivoceranib in comparison to sorafenib as first-line therapeutic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from the Chinese medical system perspective.

Methods

A partitioned survival model was employed to perform a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis. This analysis incorporated multiple factors, such as treatment effectiveness, adverse events and costs, all of which were derived from data obtained from the CARES-310 trial. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness and reliability of the model.

Results

The comparison between the two groups demonstrated that the cohort receiving camrelizumab combined with rivoceranib exhibited a significant increase of 0.803 quality-adjusted life year (QALY), alongside an additional expenditure of US$7345.051. This computation resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$9147.012 per QALY, which was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold of US$39 855.785 per QALY in China. Sensitivity analyses conducted in this study further demonstrated the robustness of the results across various assumptions.

Conclusion

The adoption of camrelizumab plus rivoceranib as a treatment option is not only associated with improved health outcomes but also represents a cost-effective choice in China.
Incidence and prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in the USA (2016–2019): a retrospective database study
Authors: Khellaf Meheni , Meisner Paul , Sarno Maria , Zaremba Piotr , Jedrzejczyk Adam , Scowcroft Anna
Published: December 2024

Objective

Few epidemiological studies are reported in the published literature on the incidence or prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and available results are heterogeneous. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of APS in the USA, overall and by APS subtype.

Design

A retrospective analysis of APS disease incidence and a cross-sectional analysis of disease prevalence.

Setting

Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, and the Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits Database.

Participants

All individuals with claims for at least two antiphospholipid antibody tests undertaken at least 12 weeks apart and a diagnosis claim for APS as a primary or secondary diagnosis on or after the second antibody test, during the period 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019.

Main outcome measures

Annual incidence and prevalence of APS and APS subtypes.

Results

In total, 1708 cases of APS were identified during the study period (2016–2019), of which 83% were women. The overall annual standardised incidence rate of APS per 100 000 person-years increased slightly over the study period, from 2.31 in 2016 to 2.71 in 2019. In 2019, the estimated annual prevalence of APS per 100 000 persons was 10.42 per 100 000 persons (95% CI 9.96–10.90). Based on this and US census data, we have estimated that 34 000 persons in the USA were affected by APS in 2019.

Conclusions

These data add to the estimates of prevalence and incidence of APS in the literature, all of which have different strengths and limitations of the different data sources and case ascertainment methods.
Perspectives of paediatric occupational therapists on the use of evidence-based practice in Kuwait: a qualitative study
Authors: Jasem Zainab , Dursia Dareen , Ahmad Dalal , Ahmad Feddah
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To investigate the perspectives of paediatric occupational therapists on factors relating to the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical practice/settings.

Design

A qualitative approach entailing the use of (face-to-face) semistructured interviews. Collected data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting

Governmental and private hospitals, clinics and schools in Kuwait that offered occupational therapy services.

Participants

10 occupational therapists with a minimum of 2 years experience working with children.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Occupational therapists’ perspectives on the factors relating to the implementation of EBP in clinical practice.

Results

Three themes emerged: (1) source of motivation towards EBP; (2) organisational support for EBP use and (3) creativity and flexibility in implementing EBP. Several motivators encouraged therapists to use EBP in their clinical practice, including their personal motivation and clients’ outcomes. However, the barriers to EBP implementation are due to the lack of organisational support for EBP. Using creativity and flexibility in practice is essential to overcome challenges.

Conclusion

This study identified factors related to the implementation of EBP from the perspective of paediatric occupational therapists in Kuwait. It provides several implications and recommendations for occupational therapy education and practice in the region due to similarities in culture. As therapists’ concerns are identified, developing the educational curricula at universities and providing continuous professional development courses in regard to EBP utilisation are important for delivering effective healthcare services.
What factors affect acceptance attitudes towards vaccination amidst a major public health crisis? A national cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Li Nan , Kong Jianhui , Xie Xiao Feng , Zhang Feng Ying
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Vaccine hesitancy persists as a significant global health concern, especially during public health crises. This study aimed to explore factors influencing vaccination acceptance during a major public health crisis and establish a model of influencing factors.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted online, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety levels, personal risk perception and attitudes towards vaccination acceptance. Data analysis was performed using t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression techniques in IBM SPSS Statistics V.25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results

A total of 3921 participants participated in the survey. The mean acceptance attitudes were above the moderate level (M=4.02, SD=0.51), the mean risk perception score was below the moderate level (M=2.66, SD=0.58), and the mean score on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was also below the moderate level (M=2.05, SD=0.53). The results showed that internal variables (gender, age, marital status, professional background, region) and external variables (average family income, distance from home to vaccination site, family medical background) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Gender, region, distance from home to the vaccination site, anxiety, family medical background, risk coping, emotional perception and psychological representation of unusual severity were identified as significant predictors of vaccination acceptance attitudes, with the model explaining 35% of the variance (R²= 0.35, adjusted R²= 0.33). Based on these results, we constructed a theoretical model of influencing factors for vaccine acceptance attitudes.

Conclusions

Despite increased acceptance of vaccination during major public health events, factors that both support and hinder acceptance remain. Identifying these factors allows for effective disease control and informs the development of public health strategies and crisis response measures.
Defining and measuring long COVID fatigue: a scoping review
Authors: Thomas Bethan , Pattinson Rachael , Edwards Deborah , Dale Carys , Jenkins Benjamin , Lande Helena , Bundy Christine , Davies Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Objective

Long COVID encompasses a range of symptoms in which fatigue is one of the most prevalent. It is clear from other conditions that the definition and measurement of fatigue can be complex; however, it is not clear how fatigue is defined and measured in long COVID. To advance our understanding, this review summarises the definitions and measures of long COVID fatigue being used by researchers.

Design

This is a scoping review that follows the JBI methodology and reports using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Data sources

Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMCARE, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Dimensions, Overton and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases were searched from January 2020 to May 2023.

Eligibility criteria

This review included quantitative and qualitative studies that included any definition of long COVID and/or measurement tool that purported to quantify either the impact, severity or symptoms of long COVID fatigue.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers screened the title, abstract and full text of the selected studies based on the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers. The data were summarised in tabular format and a narrative summary.

Results

The search retrieved 9839 studies, of which 57 met the inclusion criteria. Only 21 (37%) provided a definition of fatigue. Definitions ranged across physical, mental, cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, central, peripheral, postexertional symptom exacerbation and general dimensions of fatigue. Fifty-five (96%) used a measurement or assessment of fatigue. Twenty-six measures of fatigue were identified: 21 self-report measures (eg, Fatigue Assessment Scale) and 5 fatigability measures that purport to reflect changes in physiological processes that contribute to or reflect fatigue (eg, change in the force generating capacity of a muscle).

Conclusions

The definitions identified demonstrate considerable diversity, each highlighting different dimensions of long COVID fatigue. Long COVID fatigue was predominantly measured through self-report methods, which is problematic. There is an urgent need to better understand long COVID fatigue and to identify the different mechanisms involved. In order to do this, we need consistency with the language around fatigue and its measurement within research and across disciplines.

Review registration

The protocol has been registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HNF8Z).
Healthcare workers’ experiences in long-term care facilities during cohort quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a qualitative study
Authors: Park Ju Young , Lee Insook
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the experiences of healthcare workers in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) during cohort quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea.

Design

A qualitative study using thematic analysis.

Setting and participants

Ten workers from two LTCFs that underwent cohort quarantine due to COVID-19 in South Korea, including direct-care staff and administrators.

Methods

In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted from 23 April to 7 May 2021. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach.

Results

Five main themes emerged: (1) adapting to unprecedented infection control measures; (2) enduring prolonged cohort quarantine situation; (3) confronting social stigma and discrimination; (4) developing organisational resilience; and (5) recognising the need for systemic support.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the multifaceted experiences of LTCF workers during the COVID-19 quarantine. The findings suggest the need for enhanced infection control training, mental health support, and systemic changes to better prepare LTCFs for any future pandemic.
Investigating the relationship between opium use and coronary slow flow: a propensity score matched case–control study
Authors: Abdan Leili , Nematollahi Soroush , Masoudkabir Farzad , Jalali Arash , Pashang Mina , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Hosseini Kaveh , Pourhosseini Hamidreza
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Recent studies have suggested a potential link between opium consumption and microvascular dysfunction in coronary arteries, which may contribute to the development of coronary slow-flow syndrome. This study aims to investigate the relationship between opium use and coronary slow-flow syndrome.

Design and setting

This retrospective study analysed medical records of patients who underwent coronary angiography at the Tehran Heart Center from 2006 to 2020. It focused on those with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) or non-obstructive coronary artery disease, excluding patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%), previous coronary revasculariation, arrhythmias or coronary artery ectasia. The coronary slow flow was assessed using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade and frame count. Propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting were applied to minimise confounding variables. Conditional logistic regression and logistic regression models were then used to examine the association between opium use and coronary slow flow, controlling for potential confounders.

Results

Among 21 835 patients with normal coronary angiograms, 767 were identified with CSFP and matched with 3068 controls. The mean age of CSFP patients was 51.59 years, with 64.6% male. Opium use was similar, reported in 8.9% of CSFP patients and 9.5% of controls (p=0.96). Within the CSFP group, opium use was associated with more extensive coronary artery involvement (33.3% vs 18.9%, p=0.03). Initial analysis indicated a higher risk for CSFP in opium users (OR: 1.74, p=0.001), but after adjustments, no significant association was found (OR: 1.06, p=0.70; OR: 1.15, p=0.55).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that opium use is not an independent risk factor for CSFP but may exacerbate the severity of coronary artery involvement, noted by a higher incidence of multivessel disease among users. This suggests that opium may affect the extent of coronary artery issues rather than cause CSFP directly.