bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities of chronic rhinosinusitis in children and adults
Authors: Murtomäki Aada , Helevä Alma , Torkki Paulus , Haukka Jari , Julkunen‐Iivari Anna , Lemmetyinen Riikka , Mäkelä Mika , Dietz Aarno , Nuutinen Mikko , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting ≥12 weeks. CRS may exist with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. The aim was to evaluate conditions associated with CRS in a randomized hospital cohort. We hypothesized that comorbidities and surgical procedures differ between pediatric and adult patients.

Methods

This study consisted of hospital registry data of a random sample of rhinosinusitis patients (age range 0–89 years) with the diagnosis of J32 or J33, correspondingly, registered during outpatient visits from 2005 to 2019 (n = 1461). The covariates of interest were collected from electronic health records based on ICD‐10 codes and keyword searches.

Results

Among pediatric patients (n = 104), the relative proportions of CRSsNP and CRSwNP were 86% and 14% respectively. The relative proportions of adult patients (n = 1357) with CRSsNP and CRSwNP were 60% and 40%, respectively. The following comorbidities significantly differed (p < 0.05) between pediatric and adult populations: allergy, chronic otitis media, and tonsillar diseases. In total, 41 % of the children and 46% of the adults underwent baseline endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Additional surgeries of the ear, nose and pharynx were significantly more common among children compared with adults. Risk of revision after baseline ESS was associated (p < 0.05) with allergy, asthma, eosinophilia, CRSwNP, immunodeficiency or its suspicion, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease, and number of any diseases ≥2.

Conclusions

Our study showed that comorbidities differ between pediatric and adult rhinosinusitis patients, as allergy, asthma and allergy, chronic otitis media, mental health disorders, and tonsils disease were significantly more prevalent among pediatric patients. Children and adults were equally treated with ESS. Notably, children underwent additional surgery on adenoids and tonsils more frequently. The effectiveness of ESS in multimorbid adults should be assessed at an individual level.
Disparities in clinical trial enrollment at a Canadian comprehensive cancer center: A 15‐year retrospective study
Authors: Shapiro Gilla K. , Santiago Anna T. , Pittman Tyler , Iwano Kai , Rodin Gary , Cole Heather , Zeman Katherine , Sellmann Susanna , Oza Amit M. , Jones Jennifer , Rosenthal Meredith , Conti Rena M. , Rodin Danielle
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Disparities in clinical trials (CTs) enrollment perpetuate inequities in treatment access and outcomes, but there is a paucity of Canadian data. The objective of this study was to examine disparities in cancer CT enrollment at a large Canadian comprehensive cancer center.

Methods

Retrospective study of CT enrollment among new patient consultations from 2006 to 2019, with follow‐up to 2021 (N = 154,880), with the primary outcome of enrollment as a binary variable. Factors associated with CT enrollment were evaluated using multivariable Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression with random effects for most responsible physician (MRP) and geography, adjusted for patient characteristics (sex, age, language, geography, and primary care provider [PCP]), area‐level marginalization (residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration), disease (cancer site and stage), and MRP (department, sex, language, and training). A sensitivity analysis of the cumulative incidence of enrollment was conducted to account for differences in disease type and follow‐up length.

Results

CT enrollment was 11.2% overall, with a 15‐year cumulative incidence of 18%. Lower odds of enrollment were observed in patients who were female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–0.86), ≥65 years (AOR vs. <40, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56–0.66), non‐English speakers (0.72; 95% CI, 0.67–0.77), living ≥250 km away (AOR vs. <15 km, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62–0.80), and without a PCP. Disease characteristics accounted for the largest proportion of observed variation (20.8%), with significantly greater odds of enrollment in patients with genitourinary cancers and late‐stage disease.

Conclusion

Significant sociodemographic disparities were observed, suggesting the need for targeted strategies to increase diversity in access to cancer CTs in Canada.
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, overweight, and obesity among childhood cancer survivors in the Netherlands: A DCCSS LATER study
Authors: Bouwman Eline , Penson Adriaan , de Valk Maud , van den Oever Selina R. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Bresters Dorine , Feijen Elizabeth A. M. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Michel Gisela , Ronckers Cécile M. , Teepen Jop C. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Versluys Birgitta A. B. , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Pluijm Saskia M. F. , Loonen Jacqueline J. ,   the Dutch LATER Study Group and the PanCareFollowUp Consortium
Published: April 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, overweight, and obesity in Dutch childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) compared with sibling controls and the Dutch general population. Other aims were to assess associated factors of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, overweight, and obesity and to identify subgroups of CCSs at risk for these unhealthy statuses.

Methods

The authors included 2253 CCSs and 906 siblings from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study‐Late Effects After Childhood Cancer cohort, part 1, and added data from the Dutch general population. Questionnaire data were collected on overweight and obesity (body mass index >25.0 kg/m2), meeting physical activity guidelines (>150 minutes per week of moderate or vigorous exercises), excessive alcohol consumption (>14 and >21 alcoholic consumptions per week for women and men, respectively), daily smoking, and monthly drug use. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and two‐step cluster analyses were performed to examine sociodemographic‐related, health‐related, cancer‐related, and treatment‐related associated factors of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and to identify subgroups of CCSs at risk for multiple unhealthy behaviors.

Results

CCSs more often did not meet physical activity guidelines than their siblings (30.0% vs. 19.3%; p < .001). Married as marital status, lower education level, nonstudent status, and comorbidities were common associated factors for a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 and insufficient physical activity, whereas male sex and lower education were shared associated factors for excessive alcohol consumption, daily smoking, and monthly drug use. A subgroup of CCSs was identified as excessive alcohol consumers, daily smokers, and monthly drug users.

Conclusions

The current results emphasize the factors associated with unhealthy behaviors and the potential identification of CCSs who exhibit multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
Limited efficacy of 3 + 7 plus gemtuzumab ozogamycin in newly diagnosed fit intermediate genetic risk acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Serio Bianca , Grimaldi Francesco , Ammirati Lucia , Annunziata Mario , De Santis Giovanna , Perrotta Alessandra , De Novellis Danilo , Giudice Valentina , Morini Denise , Storti Gabriella , Califano Catello , Risitano Antonio Maria , Pane Fabrizio , Selleri Carmine
Published: April 2024

Background

Gemtuzumab‐ozogamycin (GO) is approved in combination with high‐dose chemotherapy for treatment‐naïve low‐ and intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Aims

In this retrospective real‐life multicenter study, we reported efficacy and safety of GO plus high‐dose chemotherapy in newly diagnosed AML patients.

Methods and Results

A total of 31 fit low‐ and intermediate‐risk AML patients treated with GO‐based regimens were retrospectively included in this real‐life multicenter study, and results were compared with a control cohort treated with 3 + 7 alone. Complete remission (CR) rate after induction was 77%, and most responders (45%) underwent two GO‐based consolidation, and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity was observed in 17 cases (55%) after the end of consolidation. Low genetic risk was associated with increased CR rate compared with intermediate‐risk AML (88% vs. 33%; p < .001), as well as prolonged overall survival (OS; hazard ratio, 0.16; 95% confidential interval, 0.02–0.89; p < .001). GO addition resulted in a survival benefit for low‐risk AML (median OS not reached vs. 25 months; p = .19) while not for intermediate‐risk subjects (10 vs. 13 months; p = .92), compared with the control group. Moreover, GO‐treated patients experienced fever of unknown origin or sepsis in 42% or 36% of cases, respectively, with one death during induction due to septic shock, with similar rates compared with the control group (p = .3480 and p = .5297, respectively). No cases of veno‐occlusive disease after allogeneic transplantation were observed.

Conclusions

Our real‐life multicenter study confirmed GO‐based treatment efficacy with high MRD negativity rates in fit newly diagnosed AML patients, especially in those with low genetic risk and core binding factor, while limited benefits were observed in intermediate‐risk AML. However, further validation on larger prospective cohorts is required.
Automatic Determination of the Non‐Covalent Stable Conformations of the NO2‐Pyrene Cluster in Full Dimensionality (81D) Using the vdW‐TSSCDS Approach
Authors: Panadés‐Barrueta Ramón L. , Duflot Denis , Soto Juan , Martínez‐Núñez Emilio , Peláez Daniel
Published: April 2024

We present the detailed topographical characterisation (stationary points and minimum energy paths connecting them) of the full dimensional (81D) intermolecular potential energy surface associated with the non‐covalent interactions between the NO2 radical and the pyrene (C16H10) molecule. The whole procedure is (quasi) fully automated. We have used our recent algorithm vdW‐TSSCDS as implemented on the freely‐available AutoMekin software package. To this end, a series of inexpensive classical trajectories using forces from a low‐level (semi‐empirical) theory are used to sample the configuration space of the system in the search for candidates to first order saddle points. These guess structures are determined by means of a graph‐theory based algorithm using the concept of adjacency matrix. Low‐level optimizations are followed by re‐optimizations at a final high‐level of theory (DFT and CCSD(T)‐F12 in our case.). The resulting set of stationary points and paths connecting them constitutes the so‐called reaction network. In the case of NO2‐pyrene, this network exhibits four major basins which can be characterized by their point‐group symmetry. A central one, of global C2 symmetry, comprises the global minimum (as well as all other permutationally related conformers) together with the corresponding C2v saddle points connecting them. This central basin is connected to three others of lower C1 symmetry. The latter can be distinguished by the projection of the position of the NO2 nitrogen atom on the pyrene plane in combination with the relative orientation of the oxygen pair pointing either inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards.
Sleep Quality and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Depression: A Chain Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Resilience
Authors: Wu Yan , Guo Zixuan , Zhang Dawei , Wang Yongna , Wang Shufen
Published: April 2024

Background

The prevalence of suicide is high among major depressive adolescents. Poor sleep quality has been documented as a significant risk factor for suicide, influencing perceived social support. Enhanced social support acts as a buffer against suicidal ideation and positively impacts resilience, reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation. This reciprocal relationship between sleep quality, social support and resilience forms the basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to suicidal ideation in major depressive adolescents.

Methods

A total of 585 major depressive adolescents aged 11 to 24 years was conducted to explore these associations. Assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Pearson correlation and Model 6 in the SPSS program were employed for chain mediating tests.

Results

Better sleep quality positively predicted decreased suicide ideation (β = 0.207, p < 0.01) and predicted lower perceived social support (β = −0.226, p < 0.01) and resilience (β = −0.355, p < 0.01). Perceived social support positively predicted increased resilience (β = 0.422, p < 0.01) and negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = −0.288, p < 0.01). Resilience negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = −0.187, p < 0.01). Sleep quality indirectly predicted suicide ideation through perceived social support and resilience, with a mediation value of 0.0678 (95% CI [0.0359, 0.1060]), constituting 10.65% of the total effect.

Conclusions

This study establishes that sleep quality indirectly predicts suicide ideation in major depressive adolescents, mediated independently by perceived social support and resilience.
CEO gender and climate change commitment: The mediating effect of environmental regulation perception
Authors: Harakati Racha , Ghazouani Ines , Hlioui Zaineb
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the influence of CEO gender on climate change commitment within SMEs in the Mediterranean region. Utilizing data from the sixth wave of the BEEPS survey (2018–2020), we explore the mediating role of environmental regulation perception in this context. Our findings align with social role theory, indicating that women demonstrate heightened ecological and communal behavior, driven by their perception of environmental regulations. We reveal a full mediation link within the EU Mediterranean region, where environmental regulation perception explains women's commitment to environmental causes. However, in the EU neighborhood, we identify a direct significant effect of CEO gender on SMEs' engagement with climate change, particularly in terms of controlling CO2 emissions. Our study sheds light on the limited presence of women in top management positions in the Mediterranean region. Additionally, we highlight the scarcity of environmental regulations for SMEs in the EU neighborhood, with the perception of these regulations as barriers hindering proactive climate change strategies. Therefore, governmental authorities need to develop more stringent environmental regulations while taking into account the financial capacities of SMEs. Providing ecological business education before implementing new regulations could also be beneficial. The study carries significant managerial and social implications, emphasizing the necessity of diverse leadership to promote sustainability and underscoring the importance of tailored regulatory initiatives for effective climate action.
Cross‐ownership and corporate ESG investment: Promotion or suppression?
Authors: Zhou Maochun , Niu Yuhua
Published: April 2024

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing is the new mainstream of sustainable development in the “dual‐carbon” era and serves as a crucial indicator for assessing enterprises' high‐quality development. Cross‐ownership, as an important participant in the capital market, significantly influences corporate business decisions. However, whether the impact of cross‐ownership on corporate ESG investment manifests as a synergistic governance effect or competitive collusion effect is a vital question. This study empirically investigates the impact of cross‐ownership on ESG investment, using listed companies in heavily polluting industries from the Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐shares between 2015 and 2022 as the research sample. The findings reveal that cross‐ownership positively influences corporate ESG investment by reducing information asymmetry, alleviating financing constraints, and enhancing corporate governance. This research not only expands the theoretical understanding of cross‐ownership and corporate ESG investment but also offers empirical guidance for improving corporate governance mechanisms and attaining sustainable development.
Enzyme_Metal‐Organic Framework Composites as Novel Approach for Microplastic Degradation
Authors: Rincon Irene , Hidalgo Tania , Armani Giacomo , Rojas Sara , Horcajada Patricia
Published: April 2024

Plastic pollution is one of the main worldwide environmental concerns. Our lifestyle involves persistent plastic consumption, aggravating the low efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in its removal. Nano/microplastics are accumulated in living beings, pushing to identify new water remediation strategies to avoid their harmful effects. Enzymes (e. g., Candida rugosa‐CrL) are known natural plastic degraders as catalysts in depolymerization reactions. However, their practical use is limited by their stability, recyclability, and economical concerns. Here, enzyme immobilization in metal‐organic frameworks (CrL_MOFs) is originally presented as a new plastic degradation approach to achieve a boosted plastic decomposition in aqueous systems while allowing the catalyst cyclability. Bis‐(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) was selected as model substrate for decontamination experiments for being the main polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation product. Once in contaminated water, CrL_MOFs can eliminate BHET (37 %, 24 h), following two complementary mechanisms: enzymatic degradation (CrL action) and byproducts adsorption (MOF effect). As a proof‐of‐concept, the capacity of a selected CrL_MOF composite to eliminate the BHET degradation products and its reusability are also investigated. The potential of these systems is envisioned in terms of improving enzyme cyclability, reducing costs along with feasible co‐adsorption of plastic byproducts and other harmful contaminants, to successfully remove them in a single step.
How leadership evolves with an organization: 30 years of data from a high‐performing public business
Authors: May Rachel
Published: April 2024

A new study in the journal Leadership, “Transformation towards an integrated leadership development system — A longitudinal study in a high‐performing public organization,” by authors Anna Fabisch, Sofia Kjellstrom, Marlene Ocklander, and Gunilla Avby, analyzes 30 years of data from a Swedish public organization to better understand how “leadership development itself evolves and the organization develops.”
Comparing changes in eating disorder psychopathology and comorbid symptoms over treatment in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa in a partial hospitalization program
Authors: Perry Taylor R. , Lusich Rylee , Billman Miller Marley G. , Kaye Walter H. , Wierenga Christina E. , Brown Tiffany A.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare treatment trajectories in anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN.

Method

Adolescents and adults with AN (n = 319) or atypical AN (n = 67) in a partial hospitalization program (PHP) completed diagnostic interviews and self‐report questionnaires measuring eating disorder (ED), depression, and anxiety symptoms throughout treatment.

Results

Premorbid weight loss did not differ between diagnoses. Individuals with atypical AN had more comorbid diagnoses, but groups did not differ on specific diagnoses. ED psychopathology and comorbid symptoms of depression/anxiety did not differ at admission between groups nor did rate of change in ED psychopathology and comorbid symptoms of depression/anxiety from admission to 1‐month. From admission to discharge, individuals with atypical AN had a faster reduction in ED psychopathology and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety (ps < 0.05; rs = 0.01–0.32); however, there were no group differences in ED psychopathology or depression symptoms at discharge (ps>.50; ds = .01–.30). Individuals with atypical AN had lower anxiety at discharge compared to individuals with AN (p = 0.05; d = .4). Length of stay did not differ between groups (p = 0.11; d = .21).

Discussion

Groups had similar ED treatment trajectories, suggesting more similarities than differences. PHP may also be effective for AAN.

Public Significance

This study supports previous research that individuals with AN and atypical AN have more similarities than differences. Results from this study indicate that individuals with AN and atypical AN have similar treatment outcomes for both ED psychopathology and depressive symptoms; however, individuals with atypical AN have lower anxiety symptoms at discharge compared to individuals with AN. AN and atypical AN also have more symptom similarity at admission and throughout treatment, which challenges their current designation as distinct disorders.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Stetter–Aldol Domino Cyclization To Synthesize Tetrahydronaphthalene‐Fused Spirooxindoles
Authors: Xu Qiuling , Cui Qinghong , He Xiaoshan , Sun Ruifen , Wang Junliang
Published: April 2024

A formal [4+2] annulation reaction of phthalaldehydes and 3‐ylideneoxindoles through a tandem process of a Stetter–aldol reaction was accomplished by the application N‐heterocyclic carbenes as effective catalysts. Under mild conditions, this unprecedented cascade reaction readily occurs in good yield, enabling straightforward access to functionalized tetrahydronaphthalene‐fused spirooxindoles. For the first time, the feasibility of an asymmetric Stetter–aldol reaction has also been briefly explored by employing chiral organic bases to promote the asymmetric transformation.
Performance evaluation of VCR system with pure and various blends of R134a, R1234yf, and R1234ze (E) refrigerants
Authors: Kuwar Yogendra Vasantrao
Published: April 2024

The current small passenger car vapor compression refrigeration systems use high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants causing the greenhouse gas effect. In the present work, the low GWP of two pure refrigerants, R1234yf and R1234ze (E), and 16 blends of R134a, R1234yf, and R1234ze (E) are analyzed numerically. The experiments were conducted with R134a refrigerant to validate the numerical results. The experiments were conducted at the compressor speed of 600–1500 rpm and the condensing air at 30–40°C, relative humidity of 85%, and velocity of 1–3 m/s. The simulation and experimental results for R134a are deviated by a minimum of 10% and a maximum of 15%. It is found that the latent heat of vaporization of the two refrigerant mixtures with 80% R134a–20% R1234yf and the three refrigerant blends of 50% R134a–10% R1234yf–40% R1234ze (E) are the highest among 16 combinations. The other blends show a moderate difference of latent heat with R134a, but for maximum cooling capacity, the blends with 80% R134a–20% R1234yf and 50% R134a–10% R1234yf–40% R1234ze (E) are found to be more suitable for practical applications.
Knockdown of TOP2A suppresses IL‐17 signaling pathway and alleviates the progression of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Li Ou , Li Xuexiao , He Jianping
Published: April 2024

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa, with a gradually increasing incidence. Therefore, it is necessary to actively seek targets for the treatment of UC.

Methods

Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from two microarray data sets related to UC. Protein−protein interaction network was constructed to find the hub genes. The UC mouse model and cell model were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The pathological changes of colon tissue were observed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expressions of Ki67 and Claudin‐1. The performance of mice was observed by disease activity index (DAI). The effect of TOP2A on proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) signaling pathway in UC model was measured by cell counting kit‐8, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot.

Results

Through bioinformatics analysis, 295 common DEGs were screened, and the hub gene TOP2A was selected. In UC model, there was obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon and less goblet cells, while si‐TOP2A lessened it. More Ki67 positive cells and less Claudin‐1 positive cells were observed in UC model mice. Furthermore, knockdown of TOP2A increased the body weight and colon length of UC mice, while the DAI was decreased. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, knockdown of TOP2A also inhibited inflammation and IL‐17 signaling pathway, and promoted proliferation in DSS‐induced NCM460 cells.

Conclusion

Knockdown of TOP2A alleviated the progression of UC by suppressing inflammation and inhibited IL‐17 signaling pathway.
Reading alphabetic and nonalphabetic writing systems: A case study of bilingual teachers' reading processes through eye movement miscue analysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Arslan‐Ari Ismahan , Hao Ling , Hwang Kyungjin
Published: April 2024

This case study investigates the reading processes of two bilingual teachers who speak English as a second language and use different first languages—Mandarin Chinese and Korean. The two participants read researcher‐selected digital texts in English and in their respective first language, retold the texts, and answered comprehension questions about the texts. Their reading aloud and eye movements were recorded for miscue and eye movement analysis. Using Eye Movement Miscue Analysis, the findings showcase the distinctive characteristics of their first‐language and second‐language reading processes. The cross‐linguistic comparison between bilingual reading processes further shows the bilingual participants' similarities and differences in terms of the use of language systems, eye movements, language variations, and image use. This study supports the understanding of non‐Roman alphabetical language speakers' reading process, adds to our understanding of the bilingual reading process, and provides teaching and research implications for bilingual teachers and educators.
Echocardiographic findings and pregnancy outcomes for fetuses with complete closure of the ductus arteriosus
Authors: Liu Lixia , Luo Yingchun , Deng Ying , Liang Yanling , Xie Lulu
Published: April 2024

Objective

We aimed to analyze the echocardiographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes for fetuses with premature complete closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed for eight cases of premature ductus arteriosus closure diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography in the Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July 2019 to August 2022, and the characteristics of fetal echocardiography and pregnancy outcomes of the eight cases were analyzed and summarized.

Results

In all cases, the intima of the ductus arteriosus was thickened and occluded, the ductus arteriosus could be seen with slightly hyperechogenic, and no blood flow signal was found in the ductus arteriosus by Doppler ultrasonography. The right heart was enlarged in seven cases, and the whole heart was enlarged in one case. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was observed to different degrees, of which seven cases were severe and one case was moderate. The pulmonary arteries of eight patients had varying degrees of widening. All eight cases were delivered by cesarean section, and one newborn died after follow‐up. The prognosis of the other newborns was good.

Conclusion

The parameters of prenatal echocardiography are helpful for the prognosis of fetuses with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. Early prenatal detection, close observation, and clinical guidance can be used to select the right time of delivery.
Consumer happiness and sustainable consumption
Authors: Arora Neelika , Gandotra Riya , Dhiman Neeraj
Published: April 2024

Scholars have paid increasing attention to consumer happiness and sustainable consumption, but their findings have not been subject to a systematic review in a business context. We used the SPAR‐4‐SLR framework to fill this gap. Our content analysis of 36 articles allowed us to identify three principal themes—well‐being beyond consumption, the dilemma of ethical consumption, and consumers’ willingness to pay for sustainability—and pinpoint the relationship between consumer happiness and sustainable consumption. The results show that sustainable consumption leads to consumer happiness, that, consumers are happy to consume less, and that they are willing to pay more for sustainability. The findings, which complement those of previous studies, could be used by marketers to devise strategies that encourage sustainable consumption and satisfy consumers.
Effect of dietary protein source and Saccharina latissima on nutritional and safety characteristics of milk
Authors: Wang Bing , Ormston Sabrina , Płatosz Natalia , Parker Jane K , Qin Nanbing , Humphries David J , Pétursdóttir Ásta H , Halmemies‐Beauchet‐Filleau Anni , Juniper Darren T , Stergiadis Sokratis
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Wheat distillers' grains (WDG) and seaweeds are recommended as alternative protein sources and enteric methane mitigators in dairy cow diets, respectively, but little is known about their impact on milk quality and safety. In the present study, 16 cows in four 4 × 4 Latin squares were fed isonitrogenous diets (50:50 forage:concentrate ratio), with rapeseed meal (RSM)‐based or WDG‐based concentrate (230 and 205 g kg−1 dry matter) and supplemented with or without Saccharina latissima.

RESULTS

Replacement of RSM with WDG enhanced milk nutritional profile by decreasing milk atherogenicity (P = 0.002) and thrombogenicity (P = 0.019) indices and the concentrations of the nutritionally undesirable saturated fatty acids – specifically, lauric (P = 0.045), myristic (P = 0.022) and palmitic (P = 0.007) acids. It also increased milk concentrations of the nutritionally beneficial vaccenic (P < 0.001), oleic (P = 0.030), linoleic (P < 0.001), rumenic (P < 0.001) and α‐linolenic (P = 0.012) acids, and total monounsaturated (P = 0.044), polyunsaturated (P < 0.001) and n‐6 (P < 0.001) fatty acids. Feeding Saccharina latissima at 35.7 g per cow per day did not affect the nutritionally relevant milk fatty acids or pose any risk on milk safety, as bromoform concentrations in milk were negligible and unaffected by the dietary treatments. However, it slightly reduced milk concentrations of pantothenate.

CONCLUSION

Feeding WDG to dairy cows improved milk fatty acid profiles, by increasing the concentrations of nutritionally beneficial fatty acids and reducing the concentration of nutritionally undesirable saturated fatty acids, while feeding seaweed slightly reduced pantothenate concentrations. However, when considering the current average milk intakes in the population, the milk compositional differences between treatments in this study appear relatively small to have an effect on human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A varifocal augmented reality head‐up display using Alvarez freeform lenses
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Yuqing , Dong Jiaqi , Yang Bo‐Ru , Qin Zong
Published: April 2024

A crucial requirement of augmented reality head‐up displays (AR‐HUDs) is continuously adjustable virtual image distance (VID), which allows adaptation to various depths in road environments and thereby avoids visual fatigue. However, usual varifocal components for near‐eye displays are unavailable because AR‐HUDs require the varifocal component's aperture to be larger than 10 cm. This study considers the Alvarez lenses, which change the optical power by in‐plane sliding two freeform lenses. Under the paraxial assumption, classic Alvarez lenses can create a quadratic wavefront profile, but the large aperture and extensive diopter variation range required by AR‐HUDs lead to significant aberrations. Thus, the classic paraxial Alvarez lens design is extended by co‐optimizing Alvarez lenses with high‐order surface profiles and a primary freeform mirror. Therefore, a novel varifocal AR‐HUD containing Alvarez lenses with apertures larger than 15 cm is proposed. The AR‐HUD generates a varifocal plane whose VID can be continuously adjusted between 2.5 and 7.5 m, and another focal plane with a fixed VID at 7.5 m. In addition, merely one display panel is used for compactness. Finally, an AR‐HUD prototype with a reduced volume of 9.8 L was built. The expected varifocal performance and qualified imaging quality were experimentally verified through the field of view, VID, and image sharpness.
Survival and growth of larval Pallid Sturgeon are improved by a live diet
Authors: Treanor Hilary B. , Guy Christopher S. , Ilgen Jason E. , Sealey Wendy M. , Dove Addison T. , Webb Molly A. H.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Conservation propagation facilities in the upper basin of the Missouri River are currently experiencing inconsistent survival of first-feeding larval Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus among genetic families (i.e., distinct male–female pairings). The inconsistent survival can have unintended negative consequences for genetic representation of Pallid Sturgeon that are returned to the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. We conducted a laboratory study designed to determine whether a live diet improves survival and growth of first-feeding larval Pallid Sturgeon.

Methods

First-feeding larval Pallid Sturgeon from three distinct genetic families were assigned to one of the following diets: live first instar brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) nauplii, an Otohime dry diet, a 50–50% combination of Otohime and live first instar brine shrimp nauplii, or food restricted (no food). Mortality was evaluated at the end of each day and at the end of the trial (21 days after the onset of exogenous feeding), and individual weight (g) was measured at the end of the trial.

Result

Pallid Sturgeon larvae that received a live diet (either solely live first instar brine shrimp nauplii or the combined diet) experienced higher survival than larvae that were fed solely Otohime. Furthermore, there was statistical evidence that larvae receiving solely live first instar brine shrimp nauplii were heavier at 21 days postexogenous feeding than larvae that were fed either solely Otohime or the combined diet.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a live diet can improve survival and growth of first-feeding larval Pallid Sturgeon at conservation propagation facilities.
Examining the Longitudinal Relationship Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Frailty in Community‐Dwelling, older US Adults
Authors: Wang Esther , Wroblewski Kristen E. , McClintock Martha K. , Witt Leah J. , Pinto Jayant M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Olfactory dysfunction is a “canary in the coalmine” for aging conditions. We evaluated olfactory dysfunction as a biomarker of early frailty in older adults living in the United States.

Study Design

Prospective, longitudinal, nationally representative study.

Setting

National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP).

Methods

We examined data from 1061 community‐dwelling older US adults. Odor identification (5‐item Sniffin' Stick) and frailty scores were measured at baseline and 5‐year follow‐up. Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated the association between olfactory dysfunction and frailty at baseline in cross‐section and over time in the transition from robust to prefrail to frail, adjusting for confounding factors measured at baseline.

Results

Older US adults who were anosmic at baseline were more likely to be frail 5 years later compared to normosmic peers (odds ratio [OR]: 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10‐13.31, P = .035). Examining changes in frailty stage over time, we found that anosmics were more likely to transition from prefrail to frail over 5 years (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.31‐8.08, P = .011). Interestingly, hyposmics did not show a similar trajectory toward frailty (P > .05). In contrast, olfactory dysfunction was not associated with frailty in cross‐section (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.43‐1.89, P = .787, hyposmia; OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.15‐3.35, P = .673, anosmia).

Conclusion

Older US adults with anosmia face higher odds of becoming frail over 5 years, especially those in the prefrail stage. Olfactory dysfunction may serve as a surrogate marker for early‐stage neurodegenerative diseases, which are strong contributors to frailty.
How the teacher‐student relationship influences adolescents' english academic performance: A multiple mediator analysis based on control‐value theory
Authors: Yu Xiaoqi , Dong Yan , Sun Chunhui , Wang Hongfei , Yang Yuchuan , Yu Guoliang
Published: April 2024

The current study examined a multiple mediator model based on the control‐value theory. A sample of 433 Chinese junior middle school students participated in questionnaires assessing teacher‐student relationships (TSRs), academic emotions, academic value (AV), and academic self‐efficacy (ASE). English test scores were collected as an indicator of students' English academic performance. The results indicated the following: (a) for academic enjoyment, the TSR has an effect on academic achievement through the chain intermediary of AV and ASE; (b) for academic relaxation, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of academic relaxation and the chain intermediary of AV, ASE, and academic relaxation; (c) for academic anxiety, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of AV, the single intermediary of academic anxiety, and the chain intermediary of AV, ASE, and academic anxiety; (d) for academic boredom, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of academic boredom. These findings enrich the relevant research on the control‐value theory and provide important insights for improving students' English academic achievement.
Electrospinning janus membranes for on‐demand oil/water collection and emulsion separation
Authors: Meng Haitao , Xu Tong , Li Chunping , Bai Jie
Published: April 2024

Oily water pollution has become one of the most serious water environment issue in worldwide. Membrane that can effectively and efficiently remove different oil pollutions from the complex water environment is still urgently needed. Herein, a Janus membrane with opposite wettability that can separate heavy oil–water and light oil–water mixtures on demand was prepared by using a simple sequential electrospinning and chemical crosslinking method. The membrane could remove oil or water under gravity with a high oil/water flux and excellent separation efficiency. Moreover, the membrane could separate different kinds of oil‐in‐water emulsions under gravity with a high flux of 1184 L m−2 h−1 and a tiny flux loss of 4.4% after a 10‐cycle separation. Owing to its excellent anti‐pollution properties the flux recovery rate of the membrane was still higher than 80% after 150 min of emulsion separation. Additionally, the membrane also displayed the ability to transport liquid unidirectionally, giving whom the capabilities to collect oil underwater or water underoil. This research provides a novel and simple method for producing membranes for a variety of separation applications.
Comparison of porcine versus bovine surfactant in preterm respiratory distress syndrome: Evidence from real‐world data. A multicentre collaboration from Karnataka
Authors: Aradhya Abhishek S. , Ghalige Sharath S. , Madarkar Babu , Pruthvishree Hodali Venkataramananaidu , Venkatagiri Praveen , Urs Prashant , Ngangom Daizy , Rangaiah Sandeep , Kumar Vimal , Harini Chinnaraja , Bansal Arpna , Halkar Maneesha P.
Published: April 2024

Background & Objectives

Porcine surfactant (200 mg/kg initial dose) seems to be superior to bovine surfactants (100 mg/kg) in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is limited data on the choice of surfactant from the developing world. Logically, using higher doses of porcine surfactant comes with an additional cost burden. We decided to evaluate the clinical effects of different types of surfactants.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted from August 2019 to December 2022 in six tertiary centers. Neonates 24–34 weeks of gestation with RDS requiring either porcine (200 mg/kg) or bovine surfactant (100 mg/kg) were enrolled. The proportion of BPD, redosing, and other morbidities in either group were analyzed. The outcomes in preterm ≥28 and <28 weeks subgroups were analyzed.

Results

Of 1149 eligible babies, 302 (26%) received surfactant after stabilization with CPAP. One hundred fifty‐eight received porcine, and 144 received bovine surfactant. There was a higher BPD in porcine compared to the bovine group on univariate analysis [24 (15%) vs. 6 (4%); OR: 4; 95% CI: 1.6–10; p = 0.002]. On logistic regression, the gestational age and PDA requiring treatment were independent predictors of BPD, and the type of surfactant and centres did not influence BPD. Redosing [27 (17%) vs. 18 (12%), OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7–2.7; p = 0.2] was not different between both surfactant types. Other morbidities like mortality, air leaks, invasive ventilation, and CPAP duration were also not different between the groups.

Conclusion

We could not find a difference in the outcomes of BPD and redosing using porcine surfactant at 200 mg/kg compared to bovine surfactant. Considering the cost burden in the developing world, efficacy needs to be evaluated in randomized clinical trials.
Survey of target site mutations linked with insecticide resistance in Italian populations of Aphis gossypii
Authors: Cominelli Filippo , Chiesa Olga , Panini Michela , Massimino Cocuzza Giuseppe Eros , Mazzoni Emanuele
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Aphis gossypii is a worldwide agricultural pest that causes high levels of economic losses by feeding and transmitting virus diseases. It is usually controlled by chemical insecticides, but this could lead to the selection of resistant populations. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified associated with insecticide resistance. Monitoring activities to detect the presence of such mutations in field populations can have an important role in insect pest management but, currently, no information on Italian strains is available.

RESULTS

The presence of target site mutations conferring resistance to different insecticides was analysed in Italian field collected populations of A. gossypii with an allele specific approach (QSGG, Qualitative Sybr‐Green Genotyping). Primers were designed to detect mutations in genes coding acetylcholinesterase (S431F), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (R81T) and voltage‐gated sodium channel (M918L and L1014F). S431F was widespread but with high variability across populations. R81T was detected for the first time in Italy but only in two populations. The L1014F mutation (kdr) was not found, while in the samples showing the M918L two different nucleotidic substitutions were detected. Mutant allele frequencies were, respectively, 0.70 (S431), 0.31 (M918) and 0.02 (R81). Further analysis on the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene showed the presence of eight haplotypes and one non‐synonymous mutation in the gene coding region.

CONCLUSION

Multiple target‐site mutations were detected within Italian populations. The combinations of genotypes observed in certain locations could affect negatively the control of this pest. Preliminary insights on the genetic structure in the Italian populations of A. gossypii were acquired. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
UV‐Induced Oxidation Preparation of Multi‐Functional Lignin‐Based AgNPs and its Application for Conductive Coating, Antibacterial Enhancement, and Product Separation
Authors: Yang Song , Li Shengren , Xue Yuyuan
Published: April 2024

This study presents a novel approach for regulating the properties of lignin‐based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which was UV‐induced Tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form peroxide for the etching of these nanoparticles. The lignin coating was first degraded by oxidation, and the properties of the exposed AgNPs changed under etching. Notably, water can greatly regulate the oxidation capacity of the THF medium, thereby controlling the degradation degree of lignin coating and obtaining dissolution, aggregation, precipitation, and color‐variable phenomena of AgNPs under the synergistic effect of UV irradiation and peroxide etching. By adjusting UV irradiation time, various functional products of silver nanowires (AgNWs), color‐variable AgNPs, lignin‐based AgNPs aggregates, and composite solution of Ag particles and Ag+ were obtained. The transformation of these product properties is closely related to the oxidation capacity of H2O/THF medium. In addition, Multi‐functional Lignin‐based AgNPs show excellent application potential in conductive coating, antibacterial enhancement, and product separation, providing a promising avenue for the targeted utilization of lignin‐based AgNPs.
Design and Synthesis of Potent Anticancer Agents Using Coumarin‐Quinazolinone Based Scaffolds: Exploration of ADME Properties and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Babagond Vardhaman , Katagi Kariyappa , Akki Mahesh , Reddy Dinesh S. , Shanavaz Hamzad , Jaggal Ashwini , D K Soumyashree
Published: April 2024

Cancer remains a complex global threat causing widespread deaths. Developing effective anticancer agents despite advancements still remained challenging. In this work it is designed and synthesised therapeutically active anticancer agents based on coumarin‐quinazolinone 5(a–j) through nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4‐bromomethyl coumarin derivatives with 6,7‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one and characterised by using FTIR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR and LCMS analysis. The compounds 5(a–j) were screened for in vitro anticancer activity against A‐549 lung cancer cell lines and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. Compound 5i emerged as the most promising antiproliferative candidate demonstrating an IC50 value of 7.11 μM against A‐549 cell lines. Meanwhile compound 5g found as a hit candidate in the case of MDA‐MB‐231, exhibiting an IC50 of 5.12 μM, surpassing the potency of the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50 5.89 μM). Further, the safety profile of coumarin‐quinazolinone scafolds (5a–j) were examined for their cytotoxicity towards human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293). It was found that the most active compounds exhibited good safety profile towards human embryonic cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking investigations confirmed that compounds 5(a–j) exhibited elevated docking scores and demonstrated favourable interactions with the HER2 (PDB:3PP0) and VEGFR2 (PDB:4ASE). Furthermore, we investigated the ADME properties using the SwissADME tool.