bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enunciability of the work of architecture after Alberti
Authors: Capela José
Published: October 2015

After Alberti, the “architecture project” started to be understood as an autonomous entity mediating two separate phenomena: the conception of an architectural artifact and its eventual execution. In 1967, Sol LeWitt advocates a new framework for artistic practice, which he calls “conceptual”, saying that “when an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair”. Apparently, LeWitt merely seems to claim, within the scope of visual arts, an operative model similar to what Alberti inaugurated within the scope of architecture. However, I do not believe that this is all he does. I propose to dicuss the enunciability of architectural artifacts, comparing and contrasting the operative model of the “project” inaugurated by Alberti – which is essentially formal (the project is mainly constituted by drawings) – vis-à-vis the operative model that is characteristic to conceptual art – essentially discoursive (the idea can be verbalized). In this way, I also propose to discuss how the issue of the fidelity to the “executed work” in relation to its enunciation can be addressed within these two approches. * A partir de Alberti, o “projecto de arquitectura” terá começado a ser entendido como uma entidade autónoma e intermediária entre dois fenómenos independentes: a concepção de um artefacto arquitectónico e a sua eventual execução. Em 1967, Sol LeWitt preconiza uma nova conjuntura para a prática artística, que designa como “conceptual”, afirmando que “quando um artista usa uma forma de arte conceptual, isso significa que todo o planeamento e todas as decisões são efectuados de antemão e que a execução é uma tarefa perfunctória”. Aparentemente, LeWitt parece não fazer mais do que reivindicar, para o âmbito das artes visuais, uma conjuntura operativa semelhante àquela que Alberti terá inaugurado no âmbito da arquitectura. Contudo, julgo que não é apenas isso que faz. Proponho discutir a enunciabilidade dos artefactos arquitectónicos, confrontando o modelo operativo do “projecto” inaugurado por Alberti – essencialmente formal (o projecto é sobretudo desenho) – com o modelo operativo característico da arte conceptual – essencialmente discursivo (a ideia pode ser verbalizável). Neste sentido, proponho ainda discutir de que modo, nestas duas conjunturas, pode colocar-se o problema da fidelidade da “obra executada” ao respectivo enunciado.
Effect of stump size and timing of stump harvesting on ground disturbance and root breakage diameter
Authors: Berg Simon , Nordfjell Tomas , Bergström Dan
Published: October 2015

Stump wood is a possible alternative to fossil fuel. Its harvesting, however, disturbs the ground and this has not yet been quantified at stump level. Such disturbance is likely to be dependent on stump size, type of soil and timing of stump harvesting. Therefore, we measured ground disturbance and root breakage diameter at two Norway spruce sites with sandy glacial till soil. The sites were harvested with a fork type head, 6 and 18 months after clear cutting. Measurements were made within 2 weeks of harvest. No difference was found between the two sites. The mean area of disturbed ground was 6.06 (std 3.14) m per stump and increased exponentially with stump size. A regression function modelling the relationship was constructed. Unexpectedly, many fine roots where extracted in the harvest. The arithmetic and basal area weighted mean root breakage diameter was 4.6 (std 2.2) and 29.5 (std 17.9) mm, respectively. There seems to be a limited increase in root breakage diameter with increased stump size. The small root breakage diameter is associated with reduced fuel quality and greater nutrient removal. It appears that much of the ground disturbance is associated with the creation of ruts rather than stump harvestper se. Stump harvesting disturbs a larger percentage of the area of a harvested site than mounding. Postponing stump harvest by one year did not decrease the ground disturbance or increase the root breakage diameter. To achieve less disturbance and larger root breakage diameter, probably new stump harvesting technology is required.2
ADA Congress 2015 in Boston (USA) - an overview of the main topics
Authors: Nikonova Tatiana Vasil'evna
Published: October 2015

From July 5 to July 9, 2015 in Convention Center in Boston (USA) there took place anniversary 75th session of the annual congress of the American Diabetic Association (ADA). The congress united more than 14000 participants from 124 countries. Programs of scientific sessions of the congress included the most topical issues of diabetology: modern approaches to diagnostics, prevention and treatment of DM and its complications, the results of the international researches of anti-diabetic preparations, problems connected with diabetes 2 types and obesity and many others.
Изучение количества циркулирующих прогениторных клеток эндотелия у больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа
Authors: Sokolova Angelina Valerievna , Kochegura Tatyana Nikolaevna , Parfyonova Elena Viktorovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2015

Aim. Circulating progenitor endothelial cells (CPCs) play an important role in the regeneration of damaged vascular endothelium. We aimed to study the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the number of different lines of CPCs.Methods. The number of different lines of CPCs was evaluated by flow cytometry in 45 patients with type 1 DM (mean age: 26,6±6,5 years) of different duration and 14 healthy volunteers.Results. The number of CPCs in the peripheral blood flow of patients with type 1 DM was significanlty reduced compared with that in healthy volunteers and had a reliable inverse correlation with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).Conclusions. The number of CPCs in the peripheral blood flow of patients with type 1 DM depended on the level of DM compensation. Of the different lines of CPCs, Lin-CD34+ cells were significantly reduced by 42% (p=0,006), Lin-CD34+c-Kit- cells by 42% (p=0,007) and Lin-CD34+c-Kit+ cells by 41% (p=0,022). Thus, the number of CPCs in the peripheral blood of patients with type 1 DM is reduced with higher levels of HbA1c.
Clinical and morphological characteristics with markers of reparation in neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers.
Authors: Komelyagina Elena Yurievna , Kogan Evgenia Aleksandrovna , Antsiferov Mikhail Borisovich
Published: October 2015

Aim. To compare the clinical and morphological characteristics of chronic diabetic foot ulcers and the markers of repair.Materials and Methods.We included 26 patients with neuropathic diabetic foot syndrome who had signs of severe peripheral neuropathy. Biopsies were performed from the margin and central part of the lesion and were fixed in a 10% formalin solution before being placed on paraffin slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We assessed the percentages of necrotic, granulation and fibrotic tissues and the severity of vascular hyalinosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed with initial antibodies to Ki-67 (a marker of proliferation), smooth muscle actin (a marker of myofibroblast synthesis) and cytokeratin (a marker of epithelisation). For analysis, the samples were divided into three groups by the length of time the ulcer had been present: group 1 (≤90 days; 9 samples), group 2 (91–365 days; 10 samples) and group 3 (365 days; 9 samples).Results. The patients of group 3 were older than those of groups 1 and 2 (53.7±2.7 vs 51.7±5.9 vs 59.9±5.6 years; p=0.04). There were no differences in the duration of diabetes, glycated haemoglobin or severity of neuropathy. The percentage of necrotic tissue was higher in group 1 (33.7%±21.7% vs 11.0%±3.9% vs 12.8%±6.1%; p=0.02) and the percentage of fibrotic tissue was highest in group 3 (21.1%±21.0% vs 35.5%±19.8% vs 54.4%±23.9%; p=0.001). However, the amount of granulation tissue was not different between the groups (45.2%±21.1% vs 53.5%±21.1% vs 32.8%±26.3%; p=0.4). There was also no difference in the severity of vascular hyalinosis between the groups (p=0.9). Expression of Ki-67 was higher in groups 1 and 2, implying a greater capacity to regenerate. The expression of smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin was higher in groups 1 and 2 but without statistical significance.Conclusion. The morphological characteristics and regenerative capacities of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers differ with the duration the ulcer has been present. Patients with ulcers for less than 1 year were characterised by higher cell proliferation but lower fibrosis. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers that are unable to heal over a year are characterised by incomplete regeneration and higher levels of fibrosis. Thus, different treatment approaches are needed depending on how long an ulcer has been present.
Soziale Netzwerke für Wissenschaftler: Anreize und Mehrwerte schaffen für die wissenschaftliche Kommunikation
Authors: Peters Isabella
Published: October 2015

Soziale Netzwerke sind prototypische Plattformen des Social Webs und zeichnen sich durch den Social Graph, das sichtbare Beziehungsnetzwerk der Nutzenden, aus. Forschende nutzen immer häufiger Soziale Netzwerke für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit, da die auf den Plattformen bereitgestellten Funktionen die Routinen erleichtern und beschleunigen. Insbesondere solche Sozialen Netzwerke weisen eine hohe Nutzerzahl auf, die einen breiten Funktionsumfang bieten und das Interagieren und Austauschen, Publizieren und Verbreiten und Sich-Präsentieren ermöglichen. Aktivitäten auf Sozialen-Netzwerk-Plattformen tragen zudem zur Verbesserung der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation bei und schlagen sich z. B. in erhöhten Zitationszahlen nieder.
20 Jahre Neubau – 50 Jahre unter eigenem Dach – 400 Jahre Geschichte
Authors: Weßels Paul
Published: October 2015

Die Landschaftsbibliothek in Aurich ist eine der kleinsten geisteswissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken Niedersachsens mit einer 400-jährigen Tradition. Entstanden ist sie um 1600 als Handbibliothek des Administratorenkollegiums der ostfriesischen Landstände. Nach dem Verlust der ostfriesischen Fürstenbibliothek 1746 verkörpert sie heute die Tradition staatlichen Buchbesitzes im äußersten deutschen Nordwesten. Mit dem langsamen Wandel der Ostfriesischen Landschaft zu einem höheren Kommunalverband für Kultur, Wissenschaft und Bildung wurde seit dem 19. Jahrhundert aus der vorwiegend juristisch orientierten Handbibliothek eine allgemeine geisteswissenschaftliche Bibliothek mit dem Schwerpunkt auf dem Fach Geschichte. Erst 1965 – also vor 50 Jahren – konnte die Bibliothek der Ostfriesischen Landschaft ein eigenes Gebäude beziehen, 1995, – also vor 20 Jahren – wurde ein zeitlos moderner, mehrfach prämierter An- und Neubau bezogen. Im Juni 2015 wurde der architektonische Wert dieses Gebäudes erneut unterstrichen, als die Landschaftsbibliothek bei einer Abstimmung der Architektenkammer Niedersachsen unter den 20 bisher prämierten Objekten die meiste Zustimmung erhielt. Der Bestand der Landschaftsbibliothek wird durch das Land Niedersachsen sichergestellt, sie ist Mitglied im GBV und bietet alle Möglichkeiten einer modernen Bibliothek.
Modals and negation: A semantic explanation of the modal suppletion strategy in Chinese
Authors: Sparvoli Carlotta
Published: October 2015

This paper aims at providing a semantic account of the mechanism informing the use of negative modals in standard Chinese. Based on the notion ofmodal suppletion and negation placement strategies(de Haan 1997), it will be shown that:

(i)

in the negative form each modal takes on its prominent value;

(ii)

this prominent modal value displays the normative source orientation (Hsieh 2005), where the Situation-oriented normative source can include the Speaker-oriented normative source and, in particular cases in the domain of Possibility, also the Subject-oriented one;

(iii)

a negative modal admits different modal meanings only if there is no pragmatic conflict between them, as in the case of epistemic and non-epistemic modalities.

Moreover, I will show that in non-epistemic modalities the suppletion mechanism is related to the need for normative disambiguation and is characterized by pragmatic exclusion and semantic inclusion (respectively in the Necessity and Possibility domains). In the epistemic area, on the other hand, the mandatory suppletion of the Speaker-oriented adverbs fulfills the condition of semantic well-formedness of the sentence and, for the other epistemic items, a major role is played by the strategy of negation placement (with the result that the syntactic negation mirrors the semantic property of this modality).
施格语言的小句结构
Authors: 天华 罗
Published: October 2015

提要

本文探讨了施格语言小句的一组结构特征, 主要涉及格标记和一致、逆被动结构、双及物结构等三个方面。在对 78 种施格语言进行取样分析的基础上, 得出了施格语言小句结构的 16 条形态、句法共性, 并据此提出名词施格比代词施格更常见、逆被动/被动结构和施格格局之间没有必然联系、双及物结构的次类与施格格局的下位类型关系密切, 等等。文章也指出了汉语非宾格现象与类型学施格格局的差异, 认为前者的本质是动词的及物性问题, 而后者是核心论元与动词之间语法关系的标记模式问题。
Abstracts of the Chinese papers in English
Authors: Luo Tianhua
Published: October 2015

A typological study of the clause structure of ergative languages

Abstract: This paper presents a typological study of the clause structure of ergative languages by examining a sample of 78 languages. It focuses on three structures, namely (the alignment of case marking and verbal person marking of) the core argument structures, the antipassive constructions, and the ditransitive constructions.

In this study, “ergativity” refers both “ergative” languages and the “active” languages. In particular, 75 languages in the sample are the “ergative” or “active” ones in Comrie (2013a, 2013b) and Siewierska (2013a), three languages not labeled as ergative or active in Dryer & Haspelmath (2013), namely Dyirbal, Kham, and Tibetan, are also included. The features of core argument structures, antipassive constructions, and ditransitive constructions are collected from Dryer & Haspelmath (2013) and various other literature.

This study adopts a customary typological approach and proposes sixteen (groups of) universals or tendencies of morphological and/or syntactic features of ergative languages on the basis of frequency analysis, most of which in the form of implicational universals. To list but a few: (I) Most (if not all) ergative languages are split in alignment; (II) Ergativity is more commonly found in the case marking of full noun phrases than in pronouns (which prefer accusative alignment); (III) Ergative markers are more commonly found on the As, but accusative markers on the Ps; (IV) The alignment of case marking of the full noun phrases or pronouns cannot be predicated by verbal person marking, although most ergative languages prefer to have person marking of both A and P; (V) The languages with “mixed object construction” (Haspelmath 2013) are found in various alignment types, although there are close relationships between ditransitive constructions and ergative alignment; (VI) There is no close relationships between antipassive/passive constructions and ergativity; on the contrary, ergative languages show a considerably low ratio of both constructions.

In the light of this study, this paper dispels the ergativity myth in Mandarin Chinese. It proposes that the so-called Chinese ergative constructions, e.g. ergative verbs, the ba construction, are invariably unaccusative in nature.
A note on Berezin-Toeplitz quantization of the
Laplace operator
Authors: Vedova Alberto Della
Published: October 2015

Given a Hodge manifold, it is introduced a self-adjoint operator on the space of endomorphisms of
the global holomorphic sections of the polarization line bundle. Such operator is shown to approximate the
Laplace operator on functions when composed with Berezin-Toeplitz quantization map and its adjoint, up to
an error which tends to zero when taking higher powers of the polarization line bundle.
Partners in Research: Developing a Model for Undergraduate Faculty-Student Collaboration
Authors: Reitmaier Koehler Amy , Reveling Smith Linda , Davies Susan , Mangan-Danckwart Deborah
Published: October 2015

Maintaining scholarship while delivering an undergraduate nursing program is a challenge for nursing faculty. In this paper, we describe an approach that involves undergraduate nursing students in a program of faculty research, which evaluates new approaches to teaching and learning. Students work with faculty to develop a research proposal, identifying specific questions and exploring relevant literature. Projects may include original data collection with faculty supervision, or secondary analysis of existing datasets. Foci have included partnership learning between nursing students and older adults, models of sustainability for a traveling health clinic, and experiences of aging. Findings and recommendations feed into the broader faculty research agenda, provide a foundation for subsequent projects, and inform further development of educational programs. Students have presented at local and national conferences and developed papers for publication based on this joint work. We describe the benefits and challenges of these partnerships, drawing upon student and faculty reflections.
Latin free-choice pronouns in relation to one another (and to other indefinites)
Authors: Bertocchi Alessandra , Maraldi Mirka
Published: October 2015

This paper reconsiders some of the arguments on free-choice indefinite pronouns in Latin dealt with in
Some observations on ille and ipse in the Mulomedicina Chironis
Authors: Iovino Rossella
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with the use of
New estradiol based 111In complex towards the estrogen receptor
Authors: Vultos Filipe , Cunha Susana , Fernandes Célia , Oliveira Maria Cristina , Marques Fernanda , Botelho Maria Filomena , Santos Isabel , Gano Lurdes
Published: October 2015

The oestrogen receptor (ER) is an important tumour target for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy due to its overexpression in
many malignant cells as compared to normal cells. Aiming to find new functional molecular imaging/therapeutic agents for ER positive
tumours, we have synthesized a new estradiol derivative substituted at the 16-α position with a diethylene triamine tetraacetic
acid (DTTA)-like chelating ligand through a four-carbon spacer. The new bioconjugate (H4L), was used to synthesize
the corresponding indium complexes (InL/[111In]L). The radioactive complex
[111In]L was prepared in high yield (>98%) at final concentrations of 1 · 10
–4 M and its chemical
identity was ascertained by comparing its HPLC gamma-chromatogram to the HPLC UV-vis-chromatogram of the InL
analogue. [111In]L is hydrophilic and kinetically stable in the presence of an excess of apo-transferrin and in
human blood serum. Cellular studies in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-431) suggest that [111In]L uptake may
be mediated by an ER dependent mechanism. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice indicating a rapid clearance from most organs
and a slow total excretion that occurs mainly by hepatobiliar pathway. High in vivo
stability of [111In]L
was confirmed by HPLC analysis of urine and blood samples. Nevertheless, the hydrophilicity, the low ER affinity and the
biodistribution of [111In]L indicate that structural modifications are required to improve its behaviour for ER
targeting in vivo.
Ban Non Wat: crucial research, but is it too soon for certainty?
Authors: Bellwood Peter
Published: October 2015

As Charles Higham so rightly states, chronology is a major key to unlocking the prehistoric past, perhaps even the master key. Most readers nowadays will agree that the chronologies for the inceptions of farming and bronze working in north-east Thailand, as put forward in the 1970s, were in error, for the simple reason that archaeologists at that time were prone to sending small scattered fragments of charcoal to C14laboratories without really trying to understand exactly how and where the charcoal originated. I am sure I have been guilty of similar lapses, so apportioning blame is not on my mind and would indeed be pointless.
Forgotten and ephemeral? The Palace of the Kings of Majorca, Perpignan
Authors: James Tom Beaumont
Published: October 2015

The titles of these weighty tomes invite questions: the palace of whom? The kings of where? A palace when? Olivier Poisson, concluding the first volume, writes of the restoration programme of 1943–1960 that “le palais est resté, malgré le pari des restaurateurs de la décennie 1950, le souvenir un peu vide et abstrait d’une ‘monarchie oubliée et éphemère’” (p. 539). This ‘forgotten and ephemeral monarchy’ of Majorca, a scion of the kings of Aragon, ruled from 1270–1344. In 1276, the monarchy had made Perpignan the capital of the Kingdom of Majorca and began work on the ‘Palais des Rois de Majorque’. To posterity's good fortune, the final Majorcan monarch, James III (‘the Unfortunate’), left the ‘Lois palatines’ (Palatine Laws) of 1337 that provide key insights into the etiquette and even the significance of colour in the early fourteenth-century palace. Following the dispossession of James III in 1344, Perpignan came into the hands of the Aragonese monarchy until 1462. The Palace then passed into French ownership and was used as a barracks for three decades in the late fifteenth century. Following return to Spanish ownership in 1493, Emperor Charles V, Philip II and their successors made further modifications. The Palace finally came back into French hands in 1659 and was henceforth a barracks, graced by significant extension of the fortifications by Vauban. Under French military control, benign neglect preserved early architectural phases, a signal advantage for those subsequently involved in the restoration of the Palace. Following the fall of France in 1942 (and with Spain in fascist hands), the buildings were largely released from military use and handed to the local authorities of the Pyrénées Orientales. A programme of repair and restoration was established, and brought to fruition by the local socialist mayor, a former member of the Resistance, towards the end of the 1940s. The restored buildings were opened to the public in 1958.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: High-yield thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: an update focused on ancillary techniques improving its accuracy
Authors: Bongiovanni M , Trimboli P , Rossi E D , Fadda G , Nobile A , Giovanella L
Published: October 2015

Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a fast growing field. One of the most developing areas is represented by molecular tests applied to cytological material. Patients that could benefit the most from these tests are those that have been diagnosed as ‘indeterminate’ on FNA. They could be better stratified in terms of malignancy risk and thus oriented with more confidence to the appropriate management. Taking in to consideration the need to improve and keep high the yield of thyroid FNA, professionals from various fields (i.e. molecular biologists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists) are refining and fine-tuning their diagnostic instruments. In particular, all these developments aim at increasing the negative predictive value of FNA to improve the selection of patients for diagnostic surgery. These advances involve terminology, the application of next-generation sequencing to thyroid FNA, the use of immunocyto- and histo-chemistry, the development of new sampling techniques and the increasing use of nuclear medicine as well as molecular imaging in the management of patients with a thyroid nodule. Herein, we review the recent advances in thyroid FNA cytology that could be of interest to the ‘thyroid-care’ community, with particular focus on the indeterminate diagnostic category.
Breaking BAT: can browning create a better white?
Authors: Warner Amy , Mittag Jens
Published: October 2015

Obesity and its comorbidities are a growing problem worldwide. In consequence, several new strategies have been proposed to promote weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that certain populations of white adipocytes can be ‘browned’, i.e., recruited to a more brown-like adipocyte, capable of thermogenesis through increased expression of uncoupling protein 1. The list of browning agents that induce these so-called beige adipocytes is growing constantly. However, the underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood, with the possibility that some of these agents cause browning as a secondary effect. Moreover, it remains unclear whether beige adipocytes can contribute sufficiently to affect whole-body energy expenditure in a functionally significant manner. This review presents an overview of the different molecular pathways leading to the induction of beige fat, including direct stimulation and indirect actions on the CNS or the immune system. We discuss the available evidence on the capacity of beige adipocytes to influence whole-body energy expenditure in rodents, and lastly outline the potential problems of translating browning capacity into the potential treatment of human metabolic diseases.
A Multi-Agent System Architecture for Coordination of the Real-Time Control Functions in Complex Industrial Systems
Authors: Wu Jiang , Tzoneva Raynitchka
Published: October 2015

Multi-agent system architecture for coordination of the real-time control functions in complex industrial systems is presented. The problem which must be solved out is how efficiently to organize the interactions between tasks in order to satisfy the functionality and the time restriction of the system. In order to solve this problem, the treatment of the task interactions is separated from the tasks and is implemented by the proposed multi-agent system. A general three level multi-agent system is introduced to manage the interactions and schedule of tasks. A framework of building of the schedule of the tasks is also presented. Finally, the benefits of the proposed architecture are discussed.
A Construção do Caso Clínico na Prática Hospitalar: algumas Reflexões Sobre Luto e Toxicomania
Authors: Silva Michelle Karina , Ulhôa Arthur Pizani
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho tem o intuito de discorrer sobre alguns aspectos encontrados em um atendimento psicológico de orientação psicanalítica realizado em ambiente hospitalar. Neste sentido, propõe, a partir da construção do caso clínico, uma reflexão acerca do tema da toxicomania, considerando a relação estabelecida com a vivência do luto no caso da paciente atendida. Após uma caracterização do luto a partir do olhar psicanalítico, enfatiza-se o recurso da toxicomania alcoólica em sua associação com o desamparo reeditado pela perda de um objeto amado. Reflete-se, então, sobre a singularidade da solução encontrada pela paciente, pela via do recurso ao entorpecimento narcótico, na lida com o desenlace gradativo provocado por sucessivas perdas em sua história de vida. Discorre-se, neste sentido, sobre como a saída pelo desprendimento da realidade representado pela toxicomania configura-se como uma resposta possível do sujeito frente à perda de referências e ao desamparo advindos da destruição de laços sociais.
Sentimentos Infantis em Relação à Deficiência Intelectual: Efeitos de uma Intervenção
Authors: Vieira Camila Mugnai
Published: October 2015

A presente pesquisa descreveu sentimentos de crianças sem deficiência acerca da deficiência intelectual e analisou os efeitos de um programa informativo sobre eles. Participaram do estudo quarenta crianças de duas salas do segundo ano de uma escola estadual de uma cidade do interior paulista. Uma das salas participou como grupo controle. Todas as crianças passaram por pré e pós-testes, na forma de entrevistas individuais sobre o tema. O grupo experimental participou do programa informativo, composto por treze encontros semanais, de uma hora e meia de duração cada, nos quais foram discutidas as limitações e as possibilidades das pessoas com deficiência intelectual, o atendimento especializado, sua escolarização e aspectos familiares e sociais, utilizando estratégias lúdicas e educacionais variadas. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram categorizados e analisados em seu conteúdo. O programa possibilitou um melhor entendimento da deficiência intelectual, diminuiu as confusões com outras deficiências e com doenças a ampliou a percepção das habilidades dos sujeitos com deficiência intelectual. Os sentimentos relacionados à comiseração relatados no pré-teste, porém, não diminuíram com o programa, indicando que as informações não foram suficientes para atuar nessa esfera afetiva. Trabalhos futuros devem considerar tais aspectos e buscar estratégias que atinjam aspectos cognitivos, sociais, afetivos e comportamentais.
A Implicação do Afeto na Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: uma Perspectiva Contemporânea
Authors: Brazão José Carlos Chaves
Published: October 2015

Este texto aborda o papel do afeto no desenvolvimento humano, sua implicação na emergência das funções cognitivas superiores, incluindo a linguagem, sua importância como mediador nas relações intersubjetivas e, principalmente, na socialização da criança. Tomamos como referência autores clássicos, como Henri Wallon, e contemporâneos, como Maturana, conjugados sob uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista. Apresentamos, sucintamente, os trabalhos de Daniel N. Stern, cuja teoria da emergência dos sensos de si, compreendidos como perspectivas autônomas para organização da experiência subjetiva, tornou-se referência entre teóricos e clínicos da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, pela descrição de conceitos tais como a sintonia afetiva, os afetos de vitalidade, a percepção amodal, dentre outros, tão importantes para a compreensão dos processos relacionais humanos. Salientamos, também, as intervenções de base afetiva, visando estimular os processos básicos de interafetividade, compreendidos por serem deficitários em transtornos do desenvolvimento tais como o autismo, enfatizando a sua relevância. Concluímos que a interafetividade é um fator essencial para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança, um agente de socialização, e um poderoso recurso interventivo na clínica.
O Grupo Operativo como Instrumento Terapêutico-Pedagógico de Promoção à Saúde Mental no Trabalho
Authors: Dutra Wagner Honorato , Corrêa Rosa Maria
Published: October 2015

O presente texto é uma síntese das experiências profissionais vivenciadas junto a um grupo operativo constituído por cuidadores do Programa Maior Cuidado, da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Apresenta as análises das condições de trabalho enfrentadas por estes profissionais e sua participação na gênese e desenvolvimento de fenômenos psicopatológicos. Esta empreitada permitiu a sistematização de alguns fatores envolvidos na psicodinâmica do adoecimento do trabalhador-cuidador, as possibilidades de superação e as limitações inerentes ao processo. Fundamentou-se em algumas noções de Grupo Operativo de Pichon-Rivière e nas pesquisas em Psicodinâmica do trabalho desenvolvidas por Christophe Dejours.
Gianni Bonadonna: A Personal Remembrance
Authors: Canellos George , DeVita Vincent
Published: October 2015

Gianni Bonadonna (1934–2015) is fondly remembered. His contributions to the field of oncology are highlighted, including a clinical trial to determine the effects of postoperative combination chemotherapy to prevent relapse of breast cancer, which led to a revolutionary treatment approach using various active agents, and a salvage regimen for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.
Cystinosin is a Component of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase-Ragulator-Rag Complex Controlling Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling
Authors: Andrzejewska Zuzanna , Nevo Nathalie , Thomas Lucie , Chhuon Cerina , Bailleux Anne , Chauvet Véronique , Courtoy Pierre J. , Chol Marie , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Antignac Corinne
Published: October 2015

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive storage disorder characterized by defective lysosomal efflux of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin. Lysosomal cystine accumulation leads to crystal formation and functional impairment of multiple organs. Moreover, cystinosis is the most common inherited cause of renal Fanconi syndrome in children. Oral cysteamine therapy delays disease progression by reducing intracellular cystine levels. However, because cysteamine does not correct all complications of cystinosis, including Fanconi syndrome, we hypothesized that cystinosin could have novel roles in addition to transporting cystine out of the lysosome. By coimmunoprecipitation experiments and mass spectrometry, we found cystinosin interacts with almost all components of vacuolar H+-ATPase and the Ragulator complex and with the small GTPases Ras-related GTP-binding protein A (RagA) and RagC. Furthermore, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was downregulated in proximal tubular cell lines derived from Ctns−/−
mice. Decrease of lysosomal cystine levels by cysteamine did not rescue mTORC1 activation in these cells, suggesting that the downregulation of mTORC1 is due to the absence of cystinosin rather than to the accumulation of cystine. Our results show a dual role for cystinosin as a cystine transporter and as a component of the mTORC1 pathway, and provide an explanation for the appearance of Fanconi syndrome in cystinosis. Furthermore, this study highlights the need to develop new treatments not dependent on lysosomal cystine depletion alone for this devastating disease.
RNA Sequencing Identifies Novel Translational Biomarkers of Kidney Fibrosis
Authors: Craciun Florin L. , Bijol Vanesa , Ajay Amrendra K. , Rao Poornima , Kumar Ramya K. , Hutchinson John , Hofmann Oliver , Joshi Nikita , Luyendyk James P. , Kusebauch Ulrike , Moss Christopher L. , Srivastava Anand , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Waikar Sushrut S. , Moritz Robert L. , Vaidya Vishal S.
Published: October 2015

CKD is the gradual, asymptomatic loss of kidney function, but current tests only identify CKD when significant loss has already happened. Several potential biomarkers of CKD have been reported, but none have been approved for preclinical or clinical use. Using RNA sequencing in a mouse model of folic acid-induced nephropathy, we identified ten genes that track kidney fibrosis development, the common pathologic finding in patients with CKD. The gene expression of all ten candidates was confirmed to be significantly higher (approximately ten- to 150-fold) in three well established, mechanistically distinct mouse models of kidney fibrosis than in models of nonfibrotic AKI. Protein expression of these genes was also high in the folic acid model and in patients with biopsy-proven kidney fibrosis. mRNA expression of the ten genes increased with increasing severity of kidney fibrosis, decreased in response to therapeutic intervention, and increased only modestly (approximately two- to five-fold) with liver fibrosis in mice and humans, demonstrating specificity for kidney fibrosis. Using targeted selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, we detected three of the ten candidates in human urine: cadherin 11 (CDH11), macrophage mannose receptor C1 (MRC1), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Furthermore, urinary levels of each of these three proteins distinguished patients with CKD (n=53) from healthy individuals (n=53; P<0.05). In summary, we report the identification of urinary CDH11, MRC1, and PLTP as novel noninvasive biomarkers of CKD.
T Cell CX3CR1 Mediates Excess Atherosclerotic Inflammation in Renal Impairment
Authors: Dong Lei , Nordlohne Johannes , Ge Shuwang , Hertel Barbara , Melk Anette , Rong Song , Haller Hermann , von Vietinghoff Sibylle
Published: October 2015

Reduced kidney function increases the risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular death. Leukocytes in the arterial wall contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. We investigated the role of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in atherosclerotic inflammation in renal impairment. Apoe−/−
(apolipoprotein E) CX3CR1−/−
mice with renal impairment were protected from increased aortic atherosclerotic lesion size and macrophage accumulation. Deficiency of CX3CR1 in bone marrow, only, attenuated atherosclerosis in renal impairment in an independent atherosclerosis model of LDL receptor–deficient (LDLr−/−
) mice as well. Analysis of inflammatory leukocytes in atherosclerotic mixed bone-marrow chimeric mice (50% wild-type/50% CX3CR1−/−
bone marrow into LDLr−/−
mice) showed that CX3CR1 cell intrinsically promoted aortic T cell accumulation much more than CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cell accumulation and increased IL-17-producing T cell counts. In vitro, fewer TH17 cells were obtained from CX3CR1−/−
splenocytes than from wild-type splenocytes after polarization with IL-6, IL-23, and TGFβ. Polarization of TH17 or TREG cells, or stimulation of splenocytes with TGFβ alone, increased T cell CX3CR1 reporter gene expression. Furthermore, TGFβ induced CX3CR1 mRNA expression in wild-type cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In atherosclerotic LDLr−/−
mice, CX3CR1+/−
T cells upregulated CX3CR1 and IL-17A production in renal impairment, whereas CX3CR1−/−
T cells did not. Transfer of CX3CR1+/−
but not Il17a−/−
T cells into LDLr−/−CX3CR1−/−
mice increased aortic lesion size and aortic CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cell accumulation in renal impairment. In summary, T cell CX3CR1 expression can be induced by TGFβ and is instrumental in enhanced atherosclerosis in renal impairment.
Evaluation of the response behaviour of unconfined cemented materials under dynamic loading
Authors: Matheba M , Steyn W , Moloisane R , Milne T
Published: October 2015

There is a significant increase in traffic loading on most roads in the developing African countries, and South Africa is one of them. Often this increased traffic loading results in the premature failure of pavement structures. Mechanistic-empirical (M-E) design methods based on fundamental principles are better able to accommodate changes in the design environment. The successful use of design methods depends on the accuracy of the input material parameters. Therefore, as design is moving towards M-E design methods, there is a need for the material parameters to reflect the actual pavement response to dynamic loads. The objective of this paper is to report on the investigation of the response of cement-stabilised sub-base layers to dynamic load by evaluating stiffness at a known strain level. This stiffness was compared with those derived from unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests performed at static load. The strain and stiffness values were also evaluated against compacted density, cement content, moisture content and material type. It was found that stiffness of some of the cement-stabilised sub-base layers may possibly be overestimated through the use of static loads.
Language and communication in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Vinogradova K.N.
Published: October 2015

The present article is a review of English_language literature on the topic of development of language and communication in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is shown that language in ASD often differs from the one in typical development, particularly in terms of pragmatics, unusual intonation and echolalia, and difficulties in speech perception and comprehension may also be present. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the results of many studies in this area are controversial due to a variety of reasons and it is hardly possible to reach agreement on many questions in this area.
Tips for teachers and parents: recommendations for homework completion. Quickly? Together? With help?
Authors: Bogorad P.L. , Zagumennaya O.V.
Published: October 2015

In this conclusion of the article different conditions for successful completion of homework tasks by children with autism spectrum disorders are listed. These conditions include creation of the work envronment, increase of independence and strengthening the basic attachments of a child.
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy – An Approach to Difficult Left Ventricular Lead Placement
Authors: Singhal Mayank , Rohit Manoj K , Barwad Parag ,   Fellow in Cardiology,   Additional Professor,   Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Advance Cardiac Center (ACC), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Published: October 2015

Left ventricular (LV) lead in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is the most important and difficult lead to place, leading to abandonment of up to 10–15 % of procedures. Here we discuss various difficulties encountered in percutaneous placement of LV leads and what all can be done to ensure successful placement of the same and to prevent the already compromised patient from the requirement of epicardial lead placement.
Measuring Disability Progression with the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite
Authors: Krysko Kristen M , Connor Paul W O ,   Medical Student, Class of 2012, University of Toronto,   Neurologist and Director, Multiple Sclerosis Clinic and Multiple Sclerosis Research, St Michael’s Hospital and Professor of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto
Published: October 2015

The multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) is a three-part quantitative objective measure of neurologic function, measuring leg (Timed 25-foot Walk [25FTW]), arm (Nine-hole Peg Test [9HPT]) and cognitive (Three-second Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT3]) function. The MSFC was developed to be a more sensitive measure of disability than the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and has excellent reliability. Validity is supported by moderately strong correlations with EDSS, brain atrophy and quality of life. Advantages of the MSFC include its continuous scale and inclusion of several disease dimensions. Limitations include practice effects, the lack of a visual function component, variations in reference populations and limited understanding of clinically relevant MSFC z-score changes. MSFC z-score change has been used as a secondary end-point in MS trials, but EDSS progression remains the primary disability outcome. A new approach to MSFC data involves defining MSFC progression as worsening in an MSFC component by 15–20% over three months. With further study, this could be used as a primary disability outcome in future clinical trials.
Application of Interferon Beta-1b in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bagnato Francesca ,   Visiting Assistant Professor of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science
Published: October 2015

Recombinant interferon beta-1b (IFNβ-1b) was the first approved disease-modifying therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by the world regulatory agencies for medical drugs and devices. IFNβ-1b significantly decreases the inflammatory component of MS but still has doubtable effect on the neurodegenerative component. This article appraises the beneficial effects of IFNβ-1b on clinical and imaging measures of disease. Upon only briefly discussing the side effects of the drug, it will conclude with some crucial scientific aspects warranting urgent investigations to precisely address the potentials of IFNβ-1b in MS patients.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy - An Overview of Existing Treatment Options and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Schaik Ivo N van , Eftimov Filip ,   Professor of Neurology and Head,   Senior Resident and Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
Published: October 2015

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy. CIDP can cause prolonged periods of disability with many patients becoming severely debilitated at some time during their illness. Several open, uncontrolled studies and blinded, randomised clinical trials have shown that immunomodulatory therapy has a beneficial effect in CIDP. This paper reviews existing treatment options, provides a treatment algorithm and discusses prospects for the future. Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, rituximab, alemtuzumab, etanercept, tacrolimus, interferon beta and alpha and autologous stem cell transplantation have been used in CIDP. Only corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis have been proven to be effective in randomised controlled trials, however. As non-responsiveness to treatment seems to be associated with a greater degree of axonal dysfunction, finding therapies aimed at protecting the axon and restoring axonal damage are needed.
Diagnosing Autonomic Nervous System Disorders - Existing Guidelines and Future Perspectives
Authors: Lahrmann Heinz , Rocha Isabel , Struhal Walter , Thijs Roland D , Hilz Max ,   Neurologist, Private Practice, Vienna,   Associate Professor, Unit of Autonomic Nervous System, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon,   Neurologist, Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, General Hospital of the City of Linz,   Neurologist, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Centre and Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Dutch Epilepsy Clinics Foundation, Heemstede,   Professor of Neurology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Departments of Neurology, Medicine and Psychiatry, New York University
Published: October 2015

Primary and secondary autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders often have a severe adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. Diagnostics for ANS disorders are under represented, despite their common occurrence. Precise history taking is of key importance for ANS evaluation: it may help to rule out differential diagnoses and provide important clues to the underlying ANS disorder. In fact, in conjunction with additional bedside tests, it can achieve a clear diagnosis. The analysis of heart rate variability and the results of the standardised tests that make up the Ewing battery are important means of evaluating the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. In addition, sudomotor testing can be used to evaluate cholinergic sympathetic function, and the spontaneous baroreceptor reflex can be assessed using new computerised techniques. These tests provide valuable information on cardiovascular autonomic control. This paper presents a structured review of current standard techniques for diagnosing ANS disorders.
Vertebral Artery Surgery - An Overview of Techniques and Discussion Points for the Future
Authors: George Bernard ,   Professor of Neurosurgery, Hospital Lariboisèire, Paris
Published: October 2015

The vertebral artery (VA) is an important vessel supplying the hind brain; its surgical exposure and control is usually considered a great challenge. In fact, with good knowledge of surgical anatomy and proper surgical technique, the VA can be controlled and occasionally repaired with safety and reliability. VA exposure is useful in many instances and helps attain better results in the surgical treatment of many different pathologies at any level all along its course in the neck and the skull. These pathologies include intrinsic lesions (atherosclerosis, aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas), intermittent compression by osteophytes or fibrous bands, and permanent compression mostly by different types of tumours. VA exposure also helps to achieve better treatment of spondylotic myelopathy (by oblique corpectomy) and of tumours at the craniocervical junction, foramen magnum and jugular foramen level. Based on the experience of more than 1,600 surgical approaches, VA surgery is associated with a very limited morbidity and mortality.