bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost of Warning of Unseen Threats: Unintended Consequences of Connected Vehicle Alerts
Authors: Chrysler Susan T. , Cooper Joel M. , Marshall Dawn C.
Published: February 2016

One goal of the connected vehicle program is to raise the situation awareness of drivers to unseen events in the driving environment. Warnings of unseen threats may prompt a directed visual search for that threat at the expense of overlooking other intervening threats along the way. This study assessed the distraction potential of alerts to unseen threats. Twenty-two participants drove an instrumented vehicle on a closed course and encountered threat situations, such as a car entering the road from a side road obstructed from the driver's view. On each pass, there were two sandbags that served as secondary threats, and the driver was instructed to press a response button whenever one was detected. The control condition bags were placed at locations on the course where the driver was undistracted and encountered no primary threats. The threat bags were positioned so that they became visible shortly after the warning of a primary threat appeared on an in-vehicle display but before the primary threat became visible. The results showed that advance warnings improved primary threat detection time. That is, when drivers were given advance warning of the presence of an upcoming threat, the drivers identified the presence of the threat sooner than when no warning was given. Unfortunately, this facilitation came at a cost of reduced detection distance and reaction time to the secondary threats that were present in the roadway. Future research should investigate whether this effect persists for more critical secondary threats.
Diverging Driver Performance along Deceleration Lanes: Driving Simulator Study
Authors: Calvi Alessandro , Bella Francesco , D'Amico Fabrizio
Published: February 2016

Highway diverge areas are often characterized by high crash rates. Worldwide, geometric design guidelines propose deceleration lanes with a parallel or tapered layout to promote a free-vehicle condition, while the guidelines neglect the potential effects of traffic flow and risky driving behaviors that are induced by the wrong perceptions of road geometry and vehicle interference. A driving simulation study was conducted to analyze the effects of traffic flow and deceleration lane geometry on the driving performance of diverging drivers. Two types of deceleration lanes (parallel and tapered) were implemented in a simulator, and two traffic conditions (low and high traffic flows) were simulated for each type of lane. Thirty-one drivers took part in the experiments. The effects of traffic flow on driving performance while drivers approached the diverge area and during their deceleration were investigated. The study found that lane type significantly affected the speeds of diverging drivers, independent of traffic conditions, with greater interference with the through traffic on the tapered lane. Traffic conditions were found to influence the driver's trajectory along the tapered lane, and this trajectory delayed the exiting maneuver under heavy traffic conditions. This effect was not found to have been significant for parallel deceleration lanes on which the deceleration rates were significantly affected by traffic conditions: higher decelerations were recorded under light traffic conditions. No significant traffic effects on deceleration rates were found on the tapered lane.
User Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for Connected Vehicle Technologies: Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Shin Hyeon-Shic , Callow Michael , Dadvar Seyedehsan , Lee Young-Jae , Farkas Z. Andrew
Published: February 2016

The preferences of drivers and their willingness to pay (WTP) for connected vehicle (CV) technologies were estimated with the use of adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) analysis, the newest such method available. More than 500 usable surveys were collected through an online survey. Respondents were asked to choose from variously priced CV technology bundles (e.g., collision prevention, roadway information system). The study found that the acceptance level of the CV technologies was high, given that an absolute majority of survey respondents had the highest preferences for the most comprehensive technology bundle in each attribute. However, a comparison of the average importance of each attribute, including bundle prices, implied that price would be an important constraint and would influence CV deployment rates. At the attribute level, collision prevention technology received the highest importance score (i.e., the safety benefits most appealed to drivers). The ACBC analysis seemed to mimic well the trade-offs that people would consider in their actual purchasing decisions. The difference between WTP and self-explicated prices obtained before preferences were estimated was statistically significant (i.e., participants chose bundles after they considered product attributes and prices). This finding also affirmed that the ACBC analysis was a more appropriate method than the direct questioning methods used in past studies. Finally, certain socioeconomic characteristics were positively related to WTP. Those respondents that were knowledgeable about CV technologies and showed more innovativeness had higher WTP as well.
Does Information and Communication Technology Complement or Replace Social Travel among Young Adults?
Authors: Delbosc Alexa , Currie Graham
Published: February 2016

Young adults are becoming less dependent on the car for travel. Increased use of information and communication technology (ICT) has been linked to this trend; this link suggests that ICT enables connection without wheels and thus less travel. This study tested that theory through a survey of young adults in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Two competing hypotheses were tested: (a) increased contact through ICT replaces–reduces in-person travel and (b) increased contact through ICT complements–increases in-person travel. The survey found that contact with friends was a high priority for young adults: 81% contacted friends daily through social media, 74% by phone, and 39% in person. A multinomial logistic regression tested associations between frequent in-person contact and several variables. Daily social media and telephone contact with friends was strongly associated with more frequent in-person contact. Daily social media use made someone 6.7 times more likely to have seen friends daily, while daily phone contact made someone 9.9 times more likely to have seen friends daily. The findings supported the complement–increase hypothesis (i.e., ICT use complements in-person contact rather than replaces it). Results are discussed and future research directions proposed.
Quantification of the Potential Health and Environmental Impacts of Active Travel in Dublin, Ireland
Authors: Doorley Ronan , Pakrashi Vikram , Ghosh Bidisha
Published: February 2016

Many European cities are becoming increasingly dependent on motorized transportation, with impacts ranging from traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions to sedentary lifestyles and an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. The promotion of active modes of travel in urban environments has the potential to mitigate the external costs of motorized transportation and improve the physical and mental well-being of transport users. The present study considered a modal shift to active travel in commuter trips in Dublin, Ireland, and quantified the resultant benefits and detriments to individual transport users and to society. The total impact was found to be strongly positive: the health benefits of increased physical activity dominated the individual benefits, and reductions in noise and congestion were the most significant external benefits. The benefits were partially offset by an increase in the cost of road traffic injuries, particularly nonfatal cyclist injuries. Women, and to a lesser extent men, in the age group 25 to 34 years old were identified as those who made the most driving trips that could be taken on foot or bicycle instead. Although some uncertainties remained, these results made a strong case for policies and investments that make cycling and walking in cities more attractive to alleviate the environmental damage caused by urban transportation and to improve public health.
Review of Tribal Transportation Safety
Authors: Iragavarapu Vichika , Carlson Paul , Schertz Greg
Published: February 2016

For more than a decade, the proportion of American Indians and Alaskan Natives killed in motor vehicle–related crashes (per population of 100,000) has been much higher than that of other ethnic groups in the United States. Between 1975 and 2002, the number of fatal motor vehicle crashes increased by 52.5% on Indian reservations, while the number declined by 2.2% nationally. Seat belt underuse, child seat restraint underuse, and operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol have been identified as key concerns for tribal transportation safety during various tribal safety summits and in the published literature. Without detailed data, identifying specific risk factors and developing effective solutions (as well as securing federal and state funding for safety programs) is difficult. This report summarizes the information available on crashes in tribal communities to generate a fact-based understanding of the status of transportation safety within these communities. Gaps in crash data and a study procedure to overcome these gaps are discussed to understand and work better to improve transportation safety on tribal lands. Results showed that readily available information could provide only a broad overview of the status of tribal transportation safety. For the major transportation safety concerns within a tribal community to be identified and addressed, data need to be obtained at the community level. For crash patterns and best practices to be identified, information should be aggregated from tribes that have successfully established a data collection procedure and have implemented safety programs.
Comparison of Two Common Approaches to Public Transit Service Equity Evaluation
Authors: Karner Alex , Golub Aaron
Published: February 2016

Understanding the equity effects of transit service changes requires good information about the demographics of transit ridership. Onboard survey data and census data can be used to estimate equity effects, although there is no clear reason to conclude that these two sources will lead to the same findings. Guidance from the FTA recommends the use of either of these data sources to estimate equity impacts. This study made a direct comparison of the two methods for the public transit system in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. The results indicated that although both sources were acceptable for FTA compliance, the use of one or the other could affect whether a proposed service change was deemed equitable. In other words, the outcome of a service change equity analysis could differ as a result of the data source used. To ensure the integrity and meaning of such analyses, FTA should recommend the collection and use of ridership data for conducting service change analyses to supplement approaches that are based on census data.
Reducing Gender-Based Violence in Public Transportation
Authors: Rivadeneyra Aldo Tudela , Dodero Abel Lopez , Mehndiratta Shomik Raj , Alves Bianca Bianchi , Deakin Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Gender-based violence on public transportation in Mexico City, Mexico, is a growing concern. Current efforts to counteract the violence have focused on transit vehicles for exclusive use by women and children and campaigns to promote the report of offenses. To characterize the problem, this study conducted a transit user survey, workshops with transit users, interviews with operators, and interviews with experts in the field. The study found that, even though transit users believed that the gender-exclusive transport service reduced problematic encounters, they did not view the service as a solution to the problem of gender-based violence. Transit users would prefer to see the problem addressed through a combination of interventions including social marketing, mobile phone reporting systems, and transit service upgrades. Government agencies acknowledged that gender segregation and current reporting systems were only partially successful, and nongovernmental organizations and private operators agreed. Those agencies added that they were ready to contribute to the effort to find solutions to the problem. Study recommendations included (a) a communication campaign to foster better social behavior by passengers; (b) the use of technology, such as cell phone applications, to enable users to report offenses; and (c) the further investigation of the potential for new technology-based niche transportation services to address particular markets that were unsafe.
Perceived Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: de Oña Rocío , Machado Josέ Luis , de Oña Juan
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the relationship between perceived service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for Metro of Seville, Spain, a metropolitan, partially underground light rail transit (LRT) service. A total of 3,211 users participated in the case study by completing a questionnaire with four parts: users' attitudes about the public transit service, users' perceptions of service quality, travel habits, and socioeconomic characteristics of the participants. A seven-step analytic process was applied to the questionnaire instrument to adapt it to the specific characteristics of the service, to purify the scale, and to reduce the number of items describing the service into fewer underlying dimensions. Then, the above-mentioned relationships between perceptions, satisfaction, and intentions of users concerning the LRT service were estimated with the use of a structural equation model (SEM) approach. Three SEMs were calibrated: one for all the users, one for captive users, and one for noncaptive users of the service. The outcomes of the models provided interesting findings and identified some differences in the attitudes of these two groups of passengers toward the LRT service.
Emissions Modeling with MOVES and EMFAC to Assess the Potential for a Transportation Project to Create Particulate Matter Hot Spots
Authors: Reid Stephen , Bai Song , Du Yuan , Craig Kenneth , Erdakos Garnet , Baringer Lynn , Eisinger Douglas , McCarthy Michael , Landsberg Karin
Published: February 2016

In particulate matter (PM) nonattainment and maintenance areas, quantitative hot-spot analyses are required to assess air quality impacts of transportation projects that are identified as projects of local air quality concern (POAQC). In its 2006 rulemaking, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identified sample projects that would likely be POAQCs, including a new highway project with annual average daily traffic (AADT) greater than 125,000 and at least 8% diesel truck traffic. The objective of this study was to identify project characteristics that could reasonably exclude the project from consideration as a POAQC. Scenario analyses were performed for a hypothetical project that featured a new freeway with four mixed-flow lanes and baseline traffic activity of 125,000 AADT and 8% diesel truck traffic. The MO Vehicle Emission Simulator and the Emission FACtors models were used to quantify PM10 and PM2.5 emissions for a 2006 analysis and to evaluate the impact of fleet turnover and truck percentages on project-level emissions from 2006 to 2035. Fleet turnover effects sharply reduce project-level PM2.5 emissions over time. For an analysis year of 2015, impacts from a highway project with 125,000 AADT and 8% trucks are approximately 50% less than impacts from such a project in 2006. In contrast, fleet turnover effects do not substantially reduce PM10 emissions, since re-entrained road dust emissions and tire wear and brake wear emissions increasingly dominate project-level inventories over time, and these emissions vary little by analysis year.
Reliability-Based Design of Horizontal Curves on Two-Lane Rural Highways
Authors: Dhahir Bashar , Hassan Yasser
Published: February 2016

Current design guides adopt a deterministic approach to the design of horizontal curves; each factor included in the design is represented by the near-worst-case value. In the context of horizontal curve design, the design procedure is based only on the driver comfort criterion, and data correspond to experiments conducted in the 1930s. Furthermore, current horizontal curve design procedures lack a quantitative evaluation for safety. To overcome those shortcomings, a new design framework is proposed to design horizontal curves; a probabilistic approach is adopted and two criteria are considered: vehicle dynamic stability and driver comfort. Reliability analysis was used to provide a quantitative evaluation for the design in regard to the probability of failure, probability of noncompliance, and reliability index. Outputs of simulation runs in a vehicle dynamics model were used to estimate demand lateral friction and lateral acceleration depending on the geometric characteristics of horizontal curves. In addition, data of an instrumented vehicle experiment were used to develop driver-level models for the distribution of the curve speed and driver comfort threshold. The first-order reliability method was used to estimate the probability of failure, probability of noncompliance, and reliability index. The proposed design framework and developed models were applied in an example to design a horizontal curve for a specific design speed.
Muse Cells Provide the Pluripotency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Direct Contribution of Muse Cells to Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Dezawa Mari
Published: February 2016

While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily accessible from mesenchymal tissues, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue, they are heterogeneous, and their entire composition is not fully identified. MSCs are not only able to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, which belong to the same mesodermal lineage, but they are also able to cross boundaries between mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages, and differentiate into neuronal- and hepatocyte-like cells. However, the ratio of such differentiation is not very high, suggesting that only a subpopulation of the MSCs participates in this cross-lineage differentiation phenomenon. We have identified unique cells that we named multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells that may explain the pluripotent-like properties of MSCs. Muse cells comprise a small percentage of MSCs, are able to generate cells representative of all three germ layers from a single cell, and are nontumorigenic and self-renewable. Importantly, cells other than Muse cells in MSCs do not have these pluripotent-like properties. Muse cells are particularly unique compared with other stem cells in that they efficiently migrate and integrate into damaged tissue when supplied into the bloodstream, and spontaneously differentiate into cells compatible with the homing tissue. Such a repairing action of Muse cells via intravenous injection is recognized in various tissues including the brain, liver, and skin. Therefore, unlike ESCs/iPSCs, Muse cells render induction into the target cell type prior to transplantation unnecessary. They can repair tissues in two simple steps: collection from mesenchymal tissues, such as the bone marrow, and intravenous injection. The impressive regenerative performance of these cells provides a simple, feasible strategy for treating a variety of diseases. This review details the unique characteristics of Muse cells and describes their future application for regenerative medicine.
Autotransplantation of Monkey Ear Perichondrium-Derived Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Reconstruction
Authors: Kagimoto Shintaro , Takebe Takanori , Kobayashi Shinji , Yabuki Yuichiro , Hori Ayaka , Hirotomi Koichi , Mikami Taro , Uemura Toshimasa , Maegawa Jiro , Taniguchi Hideki
Published: February 2016

We recently developed a promising regenerative method based on the xenotransplantation of human cartilage progenitor cells, demonstrating self-renewing elastic cartilage reconstruction with expected long-term tissue restoration. However, it remains unclear whether autotransplantation of cartilage progenitors may work by a similar principle in immunocompetent individuals. We used a nonhuman primate (monkey) model to assess the safety and efficacy of our regenerative approach because the model shares characteristics with humans in terms of biological functions, including anatomical features. First, we identified the expandable and multipotent progenitor population from monkey ear perichondrium and succeeded in inducing chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Second, in vivo transplanted progenitor cells were capable of reconstructing elastic cartilage by xenotransplantation into an immunodeficient mouse. Finally, the autologous monkey progenitor cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous region of a craniofacial section and developed mature elastic cartilage of their own 3 months after transplantation. Furthermore, we attempted to develop a clinically relevant, noninvasive monitoring method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Collectively, this report shows that the autologous transplantation of cartilage progenitors is potentially effective for reconstructing elastic cartilage. This principle will be invaluable for repairing craniofacial injuries and abnormalities in the context of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Breaking the Blood–Brain Barrier with Mannitol to Aid Stem Cell Therapeutics in the Chronic Stroke Brain
Authors: Tajiri Naoki , Lee Jea Young , Acosta Sandra , Sanberg Paul R. , Borlongan Cesar V.
Published: February 2016

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeabilizers, such as mannitol, can facilitate peripherally delivered stem cells to exert therapeutic benefits on the stroke brain. Although this BBB permeation-aided stem cell therapy has been demonstrated in the acute stage of stroke, such BBB permeation in the chronic stage of the disease remains to be examined. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats initially received sham surgery or experimental stroke via the 1-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model. At 1 month after the MCAo surgery, stroke animals were randomly assigned to receive human umbilical cord stem cells only (2 million viable cells), mannitol only (1.1 mol/L mannitol at 4°C), combined human umbilical cord stem cells (200,000 viable cells) and mannitol (1.1 mol/L mannitol at 4°C), and vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) only. Stroke animals that received human umbilical cord blood cells alone or combined human umbilical cord stem cells and mannitol exhibited significantly improved motor performance and significantly better brain cell survival in the peri-infarct area compared to stroke animals that received vehicle or mannitol alone, with mannitol treatment reducing the stem cell dose necessary to afford functional outcomes. Enhanced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone accompanied the combined treatment of human umbilical cord stem cells and mannitol. We showed that BBB permeation facilitates the therapeutic effects of a low dose of peripherally transplanted stem cells to effectively cause functional improvement and increase neurogenesis in chronic stroke.
The Protective Effect of Transplanting Liver Cells into the Mesentery on the Rescue of Acute Liver Failure after Massive Hepatectomy
Authors: Kita Sadahiko , Yasuchika Kentaro , Ishii Takamichi , Katayama Hokahiro , Yoshitoshi Elena Yukie , Ogiso Satoshi , Kawai Takayuki , Yasuda Katsutaro , Fukumitsu Ken , Mizumoto Masaki , Uemoto Shinji
Published: February 2016

Postoperative liver failure is one of the most critical complications following extensive hepatectomy. Although transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes is an attractive therapy for posthepatectomy liver failure, transplanting cells via the portal veins typically causes portal vein embolization. The embolization by transplanted cells would be lethal in patients who have undergone massive hepatectomy. Thus, transplant surgeons need to select extrahepatic sites as transplant sites to prevent portal vein embolization. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of how liver cells transplanted into the mesentery protect recipient rats from acute liver failure after massive hepatectomy. We induced posthepatectomy liver failure by 90% hepatectomy in rats. Liver cells harvested from rat livers were transplanted into the mesenteries of hepatectomized rats. Twenty percent of the harvested cells, which consisted of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells, were transplanted into each recipient. The survival rate improved significantly in the liver cell transplantation group compared to the control group 7 days after hepatectomy (69 vs. 7%). Histological findings of the transplantation site, in vivo imaging system study findings, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays of the transplanted cells, and serum albumin measurements of transplanted Nagase analbuminemic rats showed rapid deterioration of viable transplanted cells. Although viable transplanted cells deteriorated in the transplanted site, histological findings and an adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) assay showed that the transplanted cells had a protective effect on the remaining livers. These results indicated that the paracrine effects of transplanted liver cells had therapeutic effects. The same protective effects were observed in the hepatocyte transplantation group, but not in the liver nonparenchymal cell transplantation group. Therefore, this effect on the remnant liver was mainly due to the hepatocytes among the transplanted liver cells. We demonstrated that transplanted liver cells protect the remnant liver from severe damage after massive hepatectomy.
THE CATALOG OF EARTH-LIKE EXOPLANET SURVEY TARGETS (CELESTA): A DATABASE OF HABITABLE ZONES AROUND NEARBY STARS
Authors: Chandler Colin Orion , McDonald Iain , Kane Stephen R.
Published: February 2016

Locating planets in circumstellar habitable zones (HZs) is a priority for many exoplanet surveys. Space-based and ground-based surveys alike require robust toolsets to aid in target selection and mission planning. We present the Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets (CELESTA), a database of HZs around 37,000 nearby stars. We calculated stellar parameters, including effective temperatures, masses, and radii, and we quantified the orbital distances and periods corresponding to the circumstellar HZs. We gauged the accuracy of our predictions by contrasting CELESTA’s computed parameters to observational data. We ascertain a potential return on investment by computing the number of HZs probed for a given survey duration. A versatile framework for extending the functionality of CELESTA into the future enables ongoing comparisons to new observations, and recalculations when updates to HZ models, stellar temperatures, or parallax data become available. We expect to upgrade and expand CELESTA using data from the Gaia mission as the data become available.
Successful Treatment of Rapidly Progressing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome with Neurological Complications using Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Corticosteroid
Authors: Kim Uh Jin , Kim Dong-Min , Ahn Joon Hwan , Kang Seung-Ji , Jang Hee-Chang , Park Kyung-Hwa , Jung Sook In
Published: February 2016

Since the first report of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China, diagnostic methods have evolved. Despite definitive diagnoses, SFTS management has focused on prevention and supportive care. Although conservative treatment is effective for mild cases, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic modality to treat severe cases because of the high mortality associated with these. In this study, we report two cases of SFTS with neurological manifestations that fully recovered after a combination treatment consisting of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid.
The Polka versus the Waltz. Czech National Dances in the Political Context of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Stavělová Daniela
Published: February 2016

The polka and sousedská become such familiar concepts of Czech culture that they have been generally accepted as folk dances and national dances—that is, Czech dances. When searching for the form of these dances in classic Czech collections of folk songs and dances, one is confronted by a very varied and contradictory picture, one that does not allow unambiguous characterization. This research is mostly interested in what helped these dances gain the status of Czech folk dances and national dances, and how they worked as symbols of Czech citizenship.
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Polka in sousedská sta postala tako znana koncepta v češki kulturi, da sta splošno sprejeta kot ljudska in nacionalna, tj. češka plesa. Pri iskanju in pregledu oblik teh plesov v klasičnih čeških zbirkah ljudskih pesmi in plesov opazimo zelo raznovrstno in protislovno podobo, ki onemogoča nedvoumno opredelitev. Raziskava je bila usmerjena v iskanje odgovora na vprašanji, kaj je bilo odločilno, da sta plesa pridobila status češkega ljudskega kot tudi nacionalnega plesa in kako delujeta kot simbol češke nacionalnosti.
Proverbial Expressions in Newspapers. A Study in Estonia, Finland, and Slovenia
Authors: Granbom-Herranen Liisa , Babič Saša , Voolaid Piret
Published: February 2016

This article examines proverbs and proverbial expressions in contemporary newspaper contexts and in everyday use in three languages: Estonian, Finnish, and Slovenian. Print editions of the Estonian newspapers Postimees and Tartu Postimees, the Finnish newspapers Helsingin Sanomat, Salon Seudun Sanomat, and Perniönseudun Lehti, and the Slovenian newspaper Dnevnik were scanned for use of proverbial material during May 2013. From the reader’s point of view, proverbs are understood to be both etic and emic concepts. The article discusses how to recognize contemporary proverbial units in this study in newspaper texts. The quantitative part of the study outlines proverbial expressions among newspaper genres and sections, and the location of proverbial expressions within textual units. The qualitative part of the analysis concerns distinctive national differences (use of proverbial expressions in horoscopes in Estonia, combined with TV programs in Finland and opinion pieces or letters to the editor in Slovenia) and focuses on them in a cultural context. The qualitative study highlights the most essential concentrations of proverbs. The differences are outlined in the sections focusing on country-specific features.
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Avtorice preučujejo rabo pregovorov in pregovornih izrazov v kontekstih sodobnih časopisov in v vsakdanji rabi v treh jezikih: estonskem, finskem in slovenskem. Pregledano je bilo gradivo v tiskanih izdajah, objavljenih maja 2013: estonska časopisa Postimees in Tartu Postimees, finski časopisi Helsingin Sanomat, Salon Seudun Sanomat in Perniönseudun Lehti in slovenski časopis Dnevnik. Pregovori so bili zbrani in obravnavani z vidika bralca, zato sta upoštevana tako emični kakor etični vidik obravnave. Avtorice je zanimalo, kako prepoznati sodobne pregovorne enote v časopisnih besedilih. Kvantitativni del študije opisuje pregovorne izraze v časopisnih žanrih in delih ter lokacijo pregovornih izrazov v besedilnih enotah. Kvalitativni del analize se osredinja na mesta z največ pregovori ter obravnava nacionalne razlike (uporaba pregovornih izrazov v horoskopih v Estoniji, v kombinaciji s televizijskimi programi na Finskem in v mnenjih ali pismih uredniku v Sloveniji) in poudarja njihov kulturni kontekst. Razlike so opisane v poglavjih o značilnostih treh držav.
The Open Subject and the Hurtful World: Touch and Opening up the Postmodern Subject
Authors: Bagarić Petar
Published: February 2016

The appeal for a radical bodily and sensory engagement through fieldwork is based upon the idea that the body and senses permit an immediate experience that can help anthropologists experience and come to know the subject of their research in a direct manner. Legitimated by the phenomenological project of overcoming Cartesian dichotomies, bodily engagement promotes the idea that emotional and sensory openness to the world and the Other can help the subject avoid the supposedly distancing nature of modernist formed perception. Yet this idea, as I conclude on the basis of my own fieldwork and autoethnographic insights, is a symptom of a specific type of subject that emerged with postmodernity and expresses values and an ideology in accordance with the logic of late-capitalist Western societies.
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Poziv na potpuni emocionalni, osjetilni i tjelesni angažman na etnografskom terenu koji su iznjedrile postmoderne antropologije poput antropologije tijela i antropologije osjetila, temelji se na ideji da tijelo i tjelesna osjetila mogu pomoći antropologu da izravno doživi i spozna predmet svog istraživanja. Služeći se fenomenološkim konceptima razvijanima u svrhu razrješenja kartezijanskih dihotomija, paradigma potpunog tjelesnog angažmana podržava ideju o emotivnom i osjetilnom otvaranju spram svijeta kao subjektovom oslobađanju od modernističkih perceptivnih uzusa. Moja iskustva s etnografskog terena, kao i autoetnografski uvidi, dovode u pitanje takvu ideju pa zaključujem da je ona temeljno simptom postmodernog subjekta koji izražava ideologiju i vrijednosti karakteristične za društvo kasnog kapitalizma na Zapadu.
A Framework for Supporting In-Service Teachers to Use Domain-Specific Technologies for Instruction
Authors: Yarnall Louise , Fusco Judith
Published: February 2016

Domain-specific technologies, which are used for analysis, representation, and production in real-world contexts, differ from basic technologies, such as word processing software and Internet search tools. They cannot be used effectively without adequate command of fundamental domain-specific content knowledge. They can be used to deepen students' understanding of content, but these technologies bring distinct classroom-integration challenges. This chapter presents a framework for supporting in-service teachers to integrate these technologies. The research team derived this framework from data collected during an extended TPACK-style (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) workshop that engaged 13 life science community college instructors in integrating bioinformatics technologies into courses. This chapter presents a case study about the challenges community college teachers faced in implementing these tools—and the strategies they used to address them. Challenges included activity translation, problem definition, implementation, and assessment.
Adaptable Learning Theory Framework for Technology-Enhanced Learning
Authors: Havard Byron , East Marlene L. , Prayaga Lakshmi , Whiteside Alex
Published: February 2016

The sheer volume of technological innovations with educational potential along with the myriad of instructional theories and models present quite the challenge for educators. A contemporary framework is needed to connect these components with learning theory and to ultimately serve as a guide to educators grappling with how to align the interrelated components of effective instruction when using educational technologies. The objective of this chapter is to present a viable contemporary framework to fulfill this need. The Adaptable Learning Theory Framework for Technology Enhanced Learning (AF-TEL) provides a framework based on the cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence tenets of the Community of Inquiry model (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2003) to achieve desired educational outcomes. Professional Development for STEM Teachers using Discovery Labs (PDSTDL) is a format of teacher professional development that integrates AF-TEL to address the critical need of preparing effective STEM teachers.
A Framework for Defining and Evaluating Technology Integration in the Instruction of Real-World Skills
Authors: Harmes J. Christine , Welsh James L. , Winkelman Roy J.
Published: February 2016

The Technology Integration Matrix (TIM) was created to provide a resource for evaluating technology integration in K-12 instructional settings, and as a tool for helping to target teacher-related professional development. The TIM is comprised of 5 characteristics of meaningful learning (Active, Constructive, Authentic, Collaborative, and Goal-Directed) and 5 levels (Entry, Adoption, Adaptation, Infusion, and Transformation), resulting in 25 cells. Within each cell, descriptions are provided, along with video sample lessons from actual math, science, social studies, and language arts classrooms that illustrate a characteristic at the indicated level. Throughout development, focus groups and interviews were conducted with in-service teachers and technology specialists to validate the progression of characteristics and descriptive components.
A DSS User is a Happy Negotiator
Authors: Hippmann Patrick
Published: February 2016

The present work states that the analysis and design of decision support systems should consider their impacts on the emotional behaviors of negotiators. This paper provides a brief literature review with respect to this issue, and an outline of a research framework, which explains how to assess and analyze the dynamics of emotional behaviors in text-based negotiations. Subsequently, it provides some results, which show that a decision support system does not mitigate but intensifies emotional behaviors, toward the end of successful as well as failed text-based online negotiations. It is concluded that the research and design of decision support systems should focus more on the impact such systems have on the emotional behaviors of the supported negotiators.
Introducing iPads into Primary Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: Attard Catherine
Published: February 2016

The fast pace of technology has meant that new technologies are often being introduced into classrooms without knowledge of how they can be used to enhance teaching and learning in mathematics. This chapter explores how a small group of teachers used a new technology, the iPad, to teach mathematics within the first six months of their implementation and without the support of professional development. Findings from two separate studies are presented to support the argument that care should be taken when introducing any new technology to teach mathematics in primary classrooms and appropriate professional development that addresses the combination of mathematical content, pedagogy and technology is critical for all teachers, regardless of teaching experience.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems for the Motor Disabled
Authors: Pino Alexandros
Published: February 2016

This chapter discusses Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for individuals with motor disabilities. Motor disabilities do not only affect movement, but very often also affect speech. In these cases where voice is very weak, speech is unintelligible, or motor problems in the human speech production systems do not allow a person to speak, AAC is introduced. Aided and unaided communication is explained, and low and high tech AAC examples are illustrated. The ITHACA framework for building AAC applications is used as a paradigm in order to highlight the AAC software lifecycle. The same framework is also used to highlight AAC software design issues concerning component-based development (the open source model and the Design for All principles). Key features of an AAC application like virtual keyboards, scanning techniques, symbol dashboards, symbolic communication systems, message editors, symbol translation, word prediction, text to speech, and remote communication are presented. Finally, practical hints for choosing an AAC system are given and a case study of informally evaluating is cited.
Implications and Philosophical Requirements of a Comprehensive Dialectical Inquiry System
Authors: Acar William , Druckenmiller Douglas A.
Published: February 2016

For the purpose of aiding upper-level strategic or political decision making and some forms of conflict management, this chapter revisits the concept of dialectical inquiry (DI) from the perspective of collaborative framing or modeling for “collaboration engineering.” It does so by integrating the recent literature with its theoretical and philosophical sources. The connection of DI and the problem-framing paradigm is clarified. The chapter also establishes the general requirements or desired features of an up-to-date DI system and evaluates some current systems and their implications in light of these criteria.
STEM Learning in Middle Grades by Technology-Mediated Integration of Science and Mathematics
Authors: Dass Pradeep Maxwell , Spagnolo John T.
Published: February 2016

In an attempt to foster inquiry-oriented learning in middle grades (grades 6 – 8), a technology mediated pedagogy integrating science and mathematics was promoted through Project SMILE (Science and Mathematics Integration for Literacy Enhancement). It involved in-service teachers in professional learning and classroom implementation over a period of two academic years, with the explicit goal of enhancing teachers' ability to foster more authentic inquiry in their classes. This chapter describes the design of Project SMILE in the context of recent reform efforts in science and mathematics education, along with the theoretical underpinnings for the design. Project activities, followed by the research methodology employed to investigate the impact on both teachers and students are described next. Finally, research results and their implications are discussed with an eye toward the usefulness of integrating science and mathematics and involving specific technological tools to foster greater inquiry-oriented learning in school science and mathematics.
Cross-Border Collaborative Learning in the Professional Development of Teachers
Authors: Davidson Rafi , Glassner Amnon
Published: February 2016

The goal of this chapter is to present a theoretical and practical frame for PD of teachers at the digital age. The main question we ask is how to develop life competencies and skills of teachers in order to change their learning and teaching in a way that enables school graduates to acquire relevant skills for life. The chapter inquires this issue by a qualitative methodology case study . The case is an online course for teachers' professional development. The chapter presents evidence from reflective diaries, interviews and scripts of students' and teachers' discussions, focusing on identification of the effects of the course's learning environments on the development of the teachers' self determination learning and skills. The findings indicate the useful effects of the combination between LMS environments and social media, such as Web 2.0 tools. The conclusions suggest new directions for teachers' professional development that encourage the design of a flexible fractal net which enable fostering teachers' leadership and innovation.
Multimodality in the Preparation of Teachers of the Social Studies
Authors: Bérci Margaret E.
Published: February 2016

The chapter outlines a project designed to address the challenges in developing and delivering the Social Studies methods course. The knowledge base represents a symbiotic integration of selected philosophical, theoretical, and methodological ideas. Specifically, it reports on two pilot courses that integrate online, traditional face-to-face, and Web-based formats. The project scaffolds the resulting weave with the Case Study process for Problem-Based Learning. This integration advances teacher education practice and facilitates the development of teacher candidates' democratic understanding of the issues surrounding the teaching and learning of Social Studies. It demonstrates the usefulness of multimodality in Education.
Business Ethics is Socio-Political, or Not at All
Authors: Pascal Ana-Maria
Published: February 2016

This chapter explores the moral aspects of commercial deals that allegedly democratic governments enter into with foreign investors. These are discussed against a twofold theoretical background – where the philosophical ideal of public ethics based on truth and transparency meets business ethics theories. The Kantian ethics of duty proves to be the key link between these, as particularly relevant for cases where the impact on a wide range of stakeholders is considerable. The main case under consideration is the controversial USD $2 billion Romanian mining project at Rosia Montana, which highlights the need for accountability mentioned above and lends itself well to a multi-fold business ethics analysis. The role of the civil society in effectively stopping the project is a good illustration of the stakeholder theory. The chapter concludes with the thesis that a high degree of socio-political responsibility may be best achieved when trying to combine principle-based and utilitarian thinking.
Realising the Potential of MOOCs in Developing Capacity for Tertiary Education Managers
Authors: Nguyen Chinh , Davis Heather , Sharrock Geoff , Hempsall Kay
Published: February 2016

MOOCs are a recent development, with little informed consensus on the extent of their future impact on tertiary education. In this paper the authors consider one application of open online courseware, as a platform for professional development within the tertiary sector, with an agreed pathway into award programs in tertiary education management. The case presented is a recently launched ‘emerging leaders and managers program (eLAMP)' for the Australian tertiary education sector. The pedagogical, resourcing and practical issues of designing and supporting this program are examined as a means of exploring the conceptual underpinnings of online technologies and pedagogies.
Codes of Ethics, Ethical Behavior, and Organizational Culture from the Managerial Approach
Authors: Villegas Marta , McGivern Michael H.
Published: February 2016

This qualitative case study explored managerial perceptions regarding codes of ethics, ethical behavior, and the relationship of these concepts to organizational culture in a Colombian bank ZOX (pseudonym), in a South-American environment. The data-collection phase contained a purposive sample of ten ZOX senior managers, by including four one-on-one interviews, a focus-group interview, and company documents. The findings include the facts that codes of ethics are mandatory and they demand that the individual has his/her own values; ethical behavior follows general principles and values as ethical guides of duty regardless of the consequences; and the organizational culture is influenced by the leaders' ethical behavior. The findings also serve to trace and describe empirically and theoretically the components of a multi-dimensional approach of an ethical organizational culture. A suggestion for further research might be the testing of this multi-dimensional approach in other settings and going deeper into the relationship among its components.
Taking Making Into the Schools
Authors: Crichton Susan E. , Carter Deb
Published: February 2016

This chapter introduces professional learning (PL) challenges in a Digital Age and makes a case for an immersive, sustained, experiential approach including diverse groups of professionals. It explores how this approach informed novice and experienced educators to incorporate design thinking and making into their current practice. After providing background on the Maker Movement, an immersive PL model is explored. This model comprises an integrated series of PL experiences designed to encourage participants to actively engage in four distinct yet related elements. Drawing on a qualitative, iterative process, initial research findings and experiences suggest that such a model may support good PL and professional development for educators designing and developing 21st century learning environments. These findings suggest this model may allow for collaborative re-thinking of established course and curricular designs, while addressing significant social issues, encouraging participants to become thoughtful contributors in an increasingly complex, globalized economy.