bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
conquista da autonomia universitária plena
Authors: Rodrigues Marcelo Soncini , Azevedo Mario Luiz Neves de
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em investigar se a conquista da autonomia universitária plena (AUP) pelas Instituições Estaduais de Ensino Superior (IEES) do Paraná é a política capaz de consolidar a educação superior pública, gratuita e de qualidade. A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se como explicativa. No que tange à abordagem do problema, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os Dirigentes (Reitores, Pró-Reitores Acadêmicos e Pró-Reitores Administrativos) de quatro universidades estaduais do Paraná: UEM, UEL, UENP e UNESPAR. Os dados coletados foram classificados por meio de categorias de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que no Estado do Paraná, desde o ano de 1990, várias ações foram realizadas pelas IEES na tentativa de se conquistar a AUP, porém todas não obtiveram sucesso. Observa-se, por meio das entrevistas, que os gestores são favoráveis à conquista da AUP, sendo, para eles, a condição necessária para a consolidação da educação superior pública, gratuita e de qualidade.
Ética na editoração de periódicos científicos
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Rutz da Silva Sani de Carvalho , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: September 2024

Este texto objetiva refletir acerca da ética no processo de editoração de periódicos científicos, especialmente de periódicos da Área da Educação, destacando possibilidades de formação de acadêmicos da pós-graduação envolvidos nesse processo. Norteia-se por duas questões: a) o entendimento de publicação científica como meio de desenvolvimento social, pois os artigos tornam-se públicos os resultados de pesquisas que, por sua vez, têm o papel social de contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento teórico e aplicado das diferentes áreas; b) a compreensão de que a formação do pós-graduando para atividades de editoração de periódicos científicos não se restringe a conhecimentos técnicos desse ofício. Essa formação pressupõe uma conduta ética, mediante a qual os jovens tenham consciência da função que a publicação científica exerce na disseminação do conhecimento e na promoção de melhores condições de vida para todos, bem como do significado da sua ação nesse âmbito. Essa reflexão é ampliada pela apresentação de um caso de participação dos doutorandos bolsistas no processo de editoração de um periódico da área de ensino. Essa participação, oportunizou aos doutorandos a compreensão da ética relativa à revisão por pares, aos aspectos formais de editoração, às dificuldades enfrentadas no recebimento pelos editores dos pareceres dos artigos, à importância da qualidade de artigos submetidos a periódicos. Nesse processo formativo, o editor, que também é professor e orientador, é referência aos futuros editores, ou seja, àqueles que darão continuidade ao trabalho das gerações anteriores. Portanto, a formação do jovem editor envolve o conhecimento técnico perpassado pela conduta ética daqueles que formam a nova geração de pesquisadores e de editores
Experimental Study on Pavement Performance of Warm High Modulus Mixture WHMM-13
Authors: Zhou Shijun , Zhang Hui , Jia Jiayin , Zhao Menglong , Ai Qin , Tong Lei
Published: September 2024

In order to solve the dusting and rutting problems of hot mix asphalt mixture during construction and operation, rutting test, bending test, Marshall stability test, freeze-thaw splitting test, uniaxial compression dynamic modulus test, overlay test, and four-point bending fatigue life test are applied on WHMM-13 to study the high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking resistance, water stability, anti-reflection crack performance and fatigue durability in comparison with HMM-13. The results show that, compared to HMM-13, the dynamic stability and dynamic modulus (45 ℃, 10 Hz) of WHMM- 13 are improved by 10.0% and 47% respectively, and the rutting depth is reduced by 27.3%, indicating that the high temperature stability of WHMM-13 has been greatly improved. As for low temperature cracking resistance, the bending failure strain, stiffness modulus, flexural tensile strength and rupture energy of WHMM-13 are slightly lower than those of HMM-13. As for water stability, the residual stability of WHMM-13 in immersion Marshall test is 87.5%, and the splitting strength is 82.3%, both higher than that of HMM-13. As for anti-reflection crack performance, the total tensile rupture energy of WHMM-13 is 2.32 times that of HMM-13, with cracking resistance index (CRI) increased by 25%, which shows that WHMM-13 has better strength, can effectively prevent the crack from spreading and effectively improve the cracking resistance capacity of asphalt pavement. As for fatigue durability, the fatigue life of WHMM-13 is 5.4% lower than that of HMM-13, with bending stiffness modulus and cumulative dissipation energy reduced by 11.3% and 2.8% respectively, indicating that the fatigue durability of WHMM-13 is slightly reduced.
Emulsifier ratio and shock treatment effect on the characteristics of eucalyptus–peppermint oil-based mouthwash nanoemulsion
Authors: Winarti Christina , Hamaisa Atika , Lesmayati Susi , Misgiyarta Misgiyarta , Gusmaini Gusmaini
Published: September 2024

Eucalyptus oil, the main active ingredient in eucalyptol, is usually used in health products, but studies using eucalyptus oil in the form of nanoemulsions combined with peppermint oil have not been widely conducted. This study examined the influence of emulsifier ratios on nanoemulsion formulations of mouthwashes containing eucalyptus and peppermint oil. The ratios of emulsifiers (Tween 80 and PEG 400) used are 5:0, 4:1, 3:2; 2:3, 1:4, and 0:5. The parameters observed were particle size, turbidity, pH, refractive index (RI), stability, and inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that the best ratio of Tween and PEG provided a higher clarity value with a smaller particle size. Stability measurements revealed no separation of the resulting emulsion, and the physical properties changed only slightly when exposed to low and high temperatures. The pH of the emulsion for all formulas ranged from 5.61 to 5.91. The findings of the inhibitory test against S. aureus revealed that eucalyptus oil treatment generally showed no inhibition except for F5 (1:4) and F6 (0:5) treatment. The best treatment based on physicochemical characteristics is the ratio of Tween:PEG = 3:2.
A review of botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the forest Natal mahogany (Trichilia dregeana Sond.)
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: September 2024

Trichilia dregeana is an underutilized plant species native to tropical Africa and known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The present review compiles existing information on botany, traditional uses, and chemical and pharmacological properties of T. dregeana. Multiple searches on existing literature on the traditional, medicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of T. dregeana were conducted in online databases such as Scopus®, Google Scholar, SpringerLink®, SciELO, ScienceDirect®, PubMed® and Web of Science, as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library. Trichilia dregeana is used as a medicinal plant against human and animal diseases in seven countries, that is, 33.3% of the countries where the species is indigenous. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant revealed that it contains alcohols, alkanes, amides, esters, lignan, limonoids, sesquiterpenes, steroids, and triterpenoids. The pharmacological assessments showed that the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiviral, acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, insecticidal, prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitory, nitric oxide production inhibitory, wound healing, mutagenicity, and toxicity activities. Detailed studies focusing on toxicity and safety, mechanisms of action in vivo, and clinical research aimed at corroborating the traditional medical applications of T. dregeana are recommended.
Tipología, estacionalidad, evolución temporal y distribución espacial de los daños atribuidos al oso pardo (Ursus arctos) en la provincia de León (1974-2003)
Authors: Pollo César J.
Published: September 2024

Se analiza la tipología, estacionalidad, evolución temporal y distribución espacial de 269 daños atribuidos al oso pardo (Ursus arctos) en la provincia de León durante los últimos 30 años, de los que 146 corresponden al núcleo occidental y 123 al oriental. El 61,7% de los expedientes afectan a ganado doméstico, predominando el ganado bovino, el 36,8% son colmenas y el 1,4% corresponden a otros tipos. Los expedientes se distribuyen a lo largo de todos los meses, si bien la mayoría se produce en verano (48,5%); en el núcleo occidental leonés el máximo número se produce a finales de primavera y principios del verano, mientras que en el oriental es a finales del verano y principios del otoño. La evolución sufrida por los daños atribuidos al oso pardo a lo largo de las tres últimas décadas en cuanto a su tipología, parece reflejar los cambios acontecidos en la cabaña ganadera de la vertiente meridional cantábrica, aumento de la ganadería de equino y de las explotaciones apícolas, y descenso del ganado caprino y ovino. La distribución espacial de los expedientes delimita, a grandes rasgos, el área de presencia de la especie. Se destaca una serie de ataques producidos al Sur de la distribución habitual y fuera de los límites del ámbito geográfico del Plan de Recuperación del oso pardo en Castilla y León. El número de animales por expediente raramente afecta a más de un animal.
The Unexpected results of reinforcement learning for sequential recommendation
Authors:   , Labarca Silva Álvaro
Published: September 2024

En los ultimos años, el Aprendizaje Reforzado (RL por sus siglas en inglés) ha mostrado un gran potencial en recomendaciones basadas en sesión. Modelos secuenciales que usan RL han alcanzado resultados de estado del arte en la tarea de predicción del siguiente ítem (NIP por sus siglas en inglés). Este resultado es intrigante, ya que la tarea NIP solo evalúa qué tan bien el sistema puede correctamente recomendar el siguiente ítem al usuario, mientras que el objetivo de RL es encontrar una política que optimiza la recompensa en el largo plazo - a veces a costa de un desempeño a corto plazo sub-óptimo. Entonces, ¿Cómo puede RL mejorar el desempeño del sistema en métricas de corto plazo? Este artículo investiga esta pregunta explorando con objetivos de aprendizaje a través de un proxy, que identificamos como objetivos que los modelos de RL podrían estar siguiendo y de esta forma explicar la ganancia en desempeño. Encontramos que RL - al ser usado como pérdida auxiliar - promueve el aprendizaje de embeddings que capturan información acerca de ítems con los que el usuario interactuó previamente. Luego, reemplazamos el objetivo RL con una pérdida auxiliar directa diseñada para predecir el número de ítems con los que el usuario ha interactuado. Esta substitución resulta en una mejora de rendimiento comparable a la de RL. Estos resultados abren el camino para mejorar el desempeño y
Análisis, modelación y diseño de una política eficiente en la asignación de becas escolares: Caso JUNAEB
Authors:   , Redondo Carrasco Sofía
Published: September 2024

En este artículo se propone un enfoque de solución para un problema de asignación de becas escolares, el cual considera restricciones presupuestarias e incertidumbre en la duración de las becas otorgadas. Su objetivo es maximizar el puntaje de postulación asociado a los estudiantes becados sujeto a dos condiciones: (1) no se le puede asignar una beca a un postulante si no se le han asignado becas a todos los estudiantes con mayor puntaje de postulación que este; y (2) el presupuesto disponible anualmente debe alcanzar por lo menos para mantener las becas de todos los becados que renuevan su beca anualmente. El enfoque de solución propuesto, el cual se basa en la formulación y resolución aproximada de un proceso de decisión Markoviano, proporciona una forma sistemática de identificar políticas de asignación de becas que hacen un uso eficiente del presupuesto anual disponible. Los beneficios que se pueden obtener a partir del uso del enfoque de solución propuesto se evaluan y comparan con los de procedimientos existentes mediante la simulación del proceso de asignación de becas de la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB), Chile. Los resultados sugieren que el enfoque de solución propuesto permitiría becar, en promedio, al menos un 4% más de postulantes anualmente. Lo anterior se traduciría, en promedio, en al menos un 6% más de becados cada año sin tener que aumentar el presupuesto disponible.
Avaliação do índice de estado trófico do Lago Açu (Lago do Instituto de Agronomia) localizado no campus Seropédica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Felipe Guimarães Costa da , Tavares Gabriel Dias , Campos David Vilas Boas de , Silva Leonardo Duarte Batista da , Brasil Felipe da Costa , Nascentes Alexandre Lioi
Published: September 2024

A eutrofização consiste no enriquecimento de um corpo d’água por nutrientes, ocasionando o crescimento excessivo de algas. Este processo pode ocorrer naturalmente, mas em decorrência das atividades humanas, observa-se um agravamento da eutrofização com consequente impacto para a qualidade das águas de lagos e reservatórios. A eutrofização é causada pelo aporte de nutrientes (principalmente fósforo e nitrogênio) provenientes de efluentes domésticos e agroindustriais sem tratamento adequado. Uma forma de se classificar a magnitude dessa eutrofização é o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET), que pondera os resultados de parâmetros como Clorofila a, Fósforo Total, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, sólidos, dentre outros, e permite classificar o corpo d´água em uma escala que vai de Ultraoligotrófico a Hipereutrófico. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo determinar o Índice de Estado Trófico do Lago Açu, também conhecido como Lago do Instituto de Agronomia na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Para tanto, foram realizadas duas campanhas de amostragem (26/08/2022 e 14/12/2022), nas quais foram coletadas, com auxílio de um barco de alumínio, amostras em 40 (quarenta) pontos do lago para a realização das análises. Os resultados foram plotados em mapas com escalas de cores para a compreensão da distribuição dos valores encontrados. Os valores médios de IET encontrados para cada uma das 2 (duas) campanhas foram de 77,3 e 76,3, respectivamente, sendo o lago classificado como Hipereutrófico em ambas as datas, que é a pior condição de eutrofização da escala.
Tres porciento. Debates jurídico-políticos en control migratorio en el máximo tribunal argentino (2019-2022)
Authors: Garcia Lila
Published: September 2024

La Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación argentina (CSJN), que hasta 2018 había estado mayormente silenciosa sobre los derechos de las personas migrantes, se abocó en los últimos años a resolver los recursos judiciales llegados a su conocimiento: solo entre 2019 y 2022 resolvió casi 250 recursos por control migratorio cuando entre 2004 y 2018 había resuelto veinte. Así, esta contribución tiene por objetivo sistematizar y caracterizar el universo de recursos promovidos desde todo el país por o contra la Dirección Nacional de Migraciones que llegaron al máximo tribunal argentino en el período aludido para luego identificar los principales debates jurídicos abordados y, en función de ellos, reconstruir los estándares que reconocen o pueden dar lugar a reconocer derechos a las personas en movilidades precarias. Emplea para ello dos bases de datos de acceso público: la base de datos de jurisprudencia de la CSJN, y la que recoge las actuaciones de los juzgados federales administrativos del país. Luego de depurar los resultados, el artículo se concentra en aquellos que luego de ser admitidos, fueron resueltos de manera directa; estas serán las sentencias testigo o modélicas. Entre las conclusiones, se advierte el cúmulo de decisiones políticas que permanecen opacas, se señalan algunas interpretaciones regresivas en términos de derechos y se sistematizan estándares que reconocen derechos o pueden dar lugar a su reconocimiento (sobre todo en derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes), a la vez que se reflexiona sobre el rol mismo del Poder Judicial en control migratorio, una novedad y preocupación transversal de la Corte argentina.
ANÁLISE DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO INVESTIGATIVA SOBRE VACINAS:
Authors: Geraldo Torquato de Oliveira Sergio , Lima Tavares Marina , Azevedo Silva Leal Lilian
Published: September 2024

Neste trabalho investigamos como o Ensino de Ciências por Investigação pode contribuir para a alfabetização científica. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma sequência de ensino que buscou auxiliar estudantes a desenvolverem habilidades para reconhecer notícias falsas. As atividades se relacionavam com o coronavírus e as vacinas. Utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa de intervenção e os dados foram coletados por meio de diário de bordo, atividades e relatórios. A partir desses dados, realizaram-se análises que visavam encontrar indicadores de alfabetização científica e de como os estudantes mobilizavam conhecimentos para julgar informações. Foi possível observar reflexões sobre o papel das mídias na divulgação do conhecimento e da desinformação e a presença de alguns indicadores de alfabetização cientificas, propostos por Norberto (2018), o que denota aprendizagens a respeito de conceitos e habilidades necessárias para compreender como o conhecimento científico é produzido e sua conexão com a política, a economia e a sociedade.
"Krestovaya Gora is not far from us…": ghostly serenity in the open letters of 1917 M. A.
Authors: Novikov M. A.
Published: September 2024

A selection of postcards from 1917 made it possible to explore the mood of ordinary Russian citizens during this turning point for the country. Openletters from the wounded from hospitals, the letter a famous Simbirsk writer from the frontline zone, an amorous message from Moscow to Odessa –everything is imbued with love and the desire to meet family and friends soon. The inner world of ordinary people, eyewitnesses of alarming events,remains closed from external shocks.
The Dedicatory Epistle «Au Roi» (1573) by Jean-Antoine de Baïf as a Historical Source
Authors: Sharko Svetlana
Published: September 2024

For the first time a dedicatory epistle by one of the leading poets of the French La Pléiade, Jean-Antoine de Baïf (1532-1589) to the French king Charles IX (1550-1574) is publishing in Russian. Opening the collection of poetics works «Euvres en rime» (1573), epistle «Au Roi» tells about early life of the poet and his family. The son of the French ambassador to Venice and the famous humanist Lazare de Baïf (1496-1547), Jean-Antoine de Baïf in his epistle to the king Charles IX recreates the atmosphere in which passed the years of his apprenticeship under the most prominent European humanists and experts in ancient languages; among them Charles Estienne, Guillaume Budé, Marcus Musurus, Angelus Vergecius, Jacques Tusan, Jean Dorat etc. are mentioned. The epistle ends with author’s reflections concerning the nature of his poetical talent and the state of contemporary French belles-lettres. The epistle «Au Roi» isn’t only a valuable biographical source, but also a document reflecting the historical, cultural and scientific connections between the famous European humanists throughout the entire 16th century as well as a monument of French aesthetics’ thought of the same time.
Market Dynamics and Consumer Insights for Value-added Pearl Millet Products: Empirical Evidence from Rajasthan, India
Authors: Vaswani Laveena , Mathur Aditi , Beniwal Anubhav , Saharan Harsh
Published: September 2024

The study provides an overview of the study on consumer preference and consumption patterns of value-added pearl millet products in Rajasthan. The research focused on identifying consumer preferences, understanding consumption patterns, and evaluating buying behavior based on individual preferences. The study includes various value-added pearl millet products such as cookies, cakes, bakery items, different varieties of batters, ready-to-eat items like khakhra, dhokla, puffs, and liquid items like lassi. Analysis was done using chi-square and weighted average method. Major findings from the study were that educated consumers showed a higher preference for pearl millet products. The largest consumer group had a monthly income of less than ₹10,000. Pearl millet cookies, cakes, and other bakery items were the most preferred products. The preferred channel for purchasing value-added pearl millet products was retail/grocery stores. Also, the most influential factor in consumer purchasing decisions was nutritional value. Factors such as price, flavor, packaging, and color had a relatively lower impact. This study offers guidance on consumers way of demand to businesses involved in the processed millet product industry.
Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations at Ewu-Elepe, Ikorodu Dumpsite, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akanbi Olawale B. , Nurudeen Tajudeen S.
Published: September 2024

Heavy metal contamination of soil at dumpsites poses risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystems through inhalation of dust particles or dermal contact with the contaminated soil. Dumpsites are usually located at the outskirts of residential areas, but due to population increase in the urban centers as result of rural-urban movement which has become living habitats without considering the health implications. Thus, Ewu-Elepe dumpsite, located on the outskirts of Ikorodu, Lagos may pose a serious threat to residents of this area due to the improper disposal and ineffective management of waste at the dumpsite also, due to the metalic health issue recorded in this area. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the Heavy Metal Concentrations (HMC) and identify the type of Key Environmental Indicators (KEIs) responsible for the heavy metal contamination at the dumpsite. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), and Pollution Index (PI) procedures were adopted. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was employed to determine the best KEI responsible for the presence of a particular heavy metal on the dumpsite. The Heavy Metals (HMs) found on the dumpsite were Zinc, Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Calcium, Manganese, and Iron. The identified KEIs on the dumpsite were: potential Hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Phosphorous (P), and Carbon Exchange Capacity (CEC). The AIC at 5% showed that the most significant KEI responsible for Zn was EC with the least value (16.21), pH for Pb (26.70), P for Ca (20.71), TOC for Cu (24.61) and Mn (81.09), TN for Cd (44.97), and CEC for Fe (41.04). The PCA and NIPI estimates for the heavy metals across the 20 sample points were (1760.57, 3.00); (1825.85, 2.30); (1330.80, 2.60); (1644.68, 2.40); (1602.57, 9.70); (1469.93, 2.40); (1379.85, 3.20); (1872.82, 2.40); (1859.30, 8.40); (1397.56, 2.30); (1995.32, 4.70); (1518.62, 3.10); (1565.33, 1.80); (1332.29, 5.10); (1748.59, 2.50); (1664.70, 3.90); (1792.24, 4.10); (1801.79, 2.30); (1801.18, 2.30); (1743.27, 2.00), respectively, implying that the dumpsite was highly concentrated in HMs. Copper, lead, cadmium, calcium, manganese, and iron highly polluted Ewu-Elepe dumpsite with potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon exchange capacity as the key environmental indicators for the heavy metals.
Prediction of Heart Disease Risk among Patients in Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta Using Naïve Bayes
Authors: Akanbi Olawale Basheer
Published: September 2024

Heart disease is a silent killer, which can cause sudden death of individuals without obvious symptoms. The risk of heart disease is a sign in human beings that must not be neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to predict heart disease among patients in the Federal Medical Hospital Centre (FMC), Abeokuta. Descriptive statistics and data visualization techniques were used to gain insights into the distribution and relationships among the variables. Subsequently, a Naive Bayes classifier model was built using 80% of the data for training and 20% for testing. In addition, a Decision Tree Algorithm (DT) model was used to compare the performance of the Naive Bayes model. The performances of the two models were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, ROC-AUC, specificity, precision, and the F1-score. The Naive Bayes model achieved an overall accuracy of 83.61%, precision of 89.29%, recall of 78.12%, F1-Score of 83.33%, ROC-AUC of 90%, sensitivity of 78.12%, and specificity of 89.66. On the other hand, they were compared with the Decision Tree (DT) model which achieved an overall accuracy of 75.41%, precision of 77.42%, recall of 75%, F1-Score of 76.19%, ROC-AUC of 84.54%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 75.86%. Similarly, the confusion matrix for both analyses gave the correct classification of 25 and 22 cases of patients who have heart disease while their wrong classification was 7 and 10 cases of patients who have no heart disease respectively. Furthermore, the importance of features carried out on both showed that the most significant features are the maximum heart rate achieved, fasting blood sugar, resting blood pressure, and chest pain respectively for Naive Bayes and Decision Tree. The findings of the analysis showed that the Naive Bayes model outperformed the Decision Tree in every aspect of the analyses in predicting the risk of heart disease based on the data used and, it suggested that medical health insurance should consider incorporating predictive modelling techniques like Naive Bayes into their risk assessment algorithms, which can be of great use in the medical line.
Socio-economic Characteristics of Farmers Practicing Rice-wheat Cropping System (RWCS) in Haryana, India: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Chikkalaki Anil Sidaray , Ghanghas Bharat Singh , Chahal Pardeep K. , Bishnoi Dalip Kumar , Niwas Ram
Published: September 2024

The Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) is a cornerstone of India's food security, particularly in the states of Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. However, the sustainability of RWCS is increasingly threatened by issues such as soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and climate vulnerabilities, exacerbated by the resource-intensive practices introduced during the green revolution. The study was conducted during 2023-24 using an ex-post facto research design. Multistage sampling by simple random sampling method was used to derive sample for the study and the data was collected through personal interview. This study focuses on the socio-economic profile of small and large farmers practicing RWCS in Haryana, a critical region for this cropping system. By comparing personal, economic, social, and behavioral characteristics between these two groups, the research highlights the disparities in access to resources, extension services, and agricultural technologies. These differences have significant implications for the adoption of sustainable farming practices. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions especially for small farmers and effective extension services to bridge these gaps, thereby enhancing the sustainability and profitability of the RWCS in Haryana. Understanding the socio-economic characteristics of small and large farmers is crucial for policymakers aiming to ensure the long-term viability of this vital agricultural system.
Fitting Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables Model with Lognormal Error Term
Authors: Akanbi Olawale Basheer , Bello Andrew Ojutomori
Published: September 2024

The conventional Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables (ARIMAX (p, d, q)) modsel with Normal Error term requires stringent assumptions of normality of error term and stationarity of the series. These models have found widespread application in multidimensional relationships among economic variables; these assumptions are often violated in practice leading to spurious regression model with poor forecast performance. Thus, this paper is designed to develop an ARIMAX (p, d, q) model with Lognormal Error term capable of analysing time series data even when the assumptions were violated with reasonable forecast performance. The choice of lognormal error term was based on the asymmetric property which overcomes non normality, the long tail and positive limit values properties overcome non stationarity. The dataset used were monthly External Reserves (Million USD), Official Exchange Rate (Naira to USD), Crude Oil Export (Million Barrel per Day) and Crude Oil Price (USD per Barrel). One hundred and twenty (120) observations were used for the modeling process. The proposed ARIMAX (1, 0, 1) with lognormal error term ameliorate the non-normal and non-stationary assumptions. The proposed model performance was compared with conventional ARIMAX (1, 1, 1) with normal error term. Box-Jenkins Time Series procedure was used to model ARIMAX (1, 1, 1) with normal error. The performance of proposed model was tested using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Mean Square Forecast Error (MSFE) and Loglikelihood (Loglik) values. The Loglik values of conventional ARIMAX (1, 1, 1) with normal error and proposed ARIMAX (1, 0, 1) with lognormal error term were  -240.23 and 1344.47; AIC values were  490.45 and -0.41 while MSFE values were 12.48 and 1.77. The proposed model has the highest Loglik value, smallest AIC and smallest MSFE values when compared with conventional ARIMAX (1, 1, 1) with normal error, hence, the proposed  model is considered better. The autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables with lognormal error term improved the capability of modeling time series data with better forecast performance even when the assumptions of normality of error term and stationarity of series were violated.
Analysis of Component of Genetic Variance, Combining Ability, Gene Action and Heterotic Response in Rice (Oryza sativa. L)
Authors: Yadav Y. S. , Singh P. K. , Yadav P. K.
Published: September 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple crop, particularly in Asia, where it feeds more than half the world's population. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for nine traits in a rice breeding experiment with seven lines, three testers, 24 F1 hybrids, and two checks indicated significant variations between treatments, showing significant genetic diversity. General combining ability (GCA) effects revealed that line MTU 1010 and tester NDR 2026 had favorable GCA effects on grain yield per plant, but NDR 2064 and Barani Deep had negative effects. Three crosses, showed considerable favorable benefits on grain yield due to specific combining ability (SCA).        Heterosis analysis identified promising crosses, including Gopal Bhag × Prakhar and NDR-2064 × NDR-2026, that demonstrated considerable positive heterosis above the parent and standard varieties Shushk Samrat and Ashwani. These findings emphasize the possibility of specific crosses to improve grain production in rice breeding efforts.
Impact of Fiscal Policy on Corporate Innovation in an Emerging Market Economy: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Gu Shengyu
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on corporate innovation in an emerging market economy, focusing on Brazil. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of firms listed on the B3 Brazilian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2020, we employ panel data analysis and the difference-in-differences (DiD) method to examine the effects of tax incentives, government subsidies, and public investment in innovation infrastructure on corporate innovation activities. Our findings reveal that tax incentives significantly enhance innovation outputs by reducing the financial burden of R&D investments. Similarly, government subsidies are shown to lower the cost and risk associated with R&D projects, thereby fostering greater innovation. Furthermore, public investment in innovation infrastructure plays a crucial role in creating an enabling environment for corporate innovation. These results provide robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of fiscal policy in promoting innovation in emerging markets, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to foster sustainable economic growth and competitiveness.
Distinct persistence barriers in two types of ENSO
Authors: Ren Hong‐Li , Jin Fei‐Fei , Tian Ben , Scaife Adam A.
Published: October 2016

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is usually subject to a persistence barrier (PB) in boreal spring. This study quantifies the PB and then reveals its distinct features in the two types of ENSO, the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types. We suggest that the PB of ENSO can be measured by the maximum rate of autocorrelation decline of Niño sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) indices. Results show that the PB of ENSO generally occurs in boreal late spring to early summer in terms of Niño3.4 index, and the EP ENSO has the PB in late spring, while the CP type has the PB in summer. By defining an index to quantify PB intensity of ENSO, we find that the CP ENSO type features a much weaker PB, compared to the EP type, and the PB intensity of equatorial SSTAs is larger over the EP than the western Pacific and the far EP.
Slantwise convection on fluid planets
Authors: O'Neill Morgan E , Kaspi Yohai
Published: October 2016

Slantwise convection should be ubiquitous in the atmospheres of rapidly rotating fluid planets. We argue that convectively adjusted lapse rates should be interpreted along constant angular momentum surfaces instead of lines parallel to the local gravity vector. Using Cassini wind observations of Jupiter and different lapse rates to construct toy atmospheres, we explore parcel paths in symmetrically stable and unstable weather layers by the numerically modeled insertion of negatively buoyant bubbles. Low‐Richardson number atmospheres are very susceptible to transient symmetric instability upon local diabatic forcing, even outside of the tropics. We explore parcel paths in symmetrically stable and unstable weather layer environments, the latter by adding thermal bubbles to the weather layer. Parcels that cool in Jupiter's belt regions have particularly horizontal paths, with implications for jetward angular momentum fluxes. These considerations may be relevant to the interpretation of Juno's ongoing observations of Jupiter's weather layer.
Energization of outer radiation belt electrons during storm recovery phase
Authors: Shah Asif , Waters C. L. , Sciffer M. D. , Menk F. W.
Published: October 2016

We use test particle simulations incorporating an MHD model of ULF wave propagation in the magnetosphere with realistic ionosphere boundary conditions to study electron energization in the dayside outer Van Allen radiation belt, referenced to in situ particle and wave observations. On 7 January 2011 the THEMIS spacecraft detected 3 and 4–5 mHz waves simultaneous with flux enhancement of >10 keV electrons during the early recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm. We find that internal energization of equatorially mirroring electrons via nonresonant ULF wave‐particle interactions can explain these observations. The wave poloidal components cause radial drift of electrons, increasing (decreasing) their kinetic energy as they move inward (outward). Electrons with initial kinetic energies of a few keV can be energized to double these values within an hour by interaction with the 3 mHz waves. The energization rate is somewhat less for the 4–5 mHz waves. An increase in the ionospheric conductance decreases the power of the fast mode wave, reducing radial drift velocities and hence decreasing the rate of energization. The fast mode poloidal field varies with radial distance and longitude, and this also affects energization. Electrons which drift outward encounter a region where the toroidal field due to the field line resonance becomes dominant and produces strong azimuthal drift. These electrons become trapped in an L‐shell range just outward of the resonance region and are not energized.
Assessment of earthquake locations in 3‐D deterministic velocity models: A case study from the Altotiberina Near Fault Observatory (Italy)
Authors: Latorre D. , Mirabella F. , Chiaraluce L. , Trippetta F. , Lomax A.
Published: October 2016

The accuracy of earthquake locations and their correspondence with subsurface geology depends strongly on the accuracy of the available seismic velocity model. Most modern methods to construct a velocity model for earthquake location are based on the inversion of passive source seismological data. Another approach is the integration of high‐resolution geological and geophysical data to construct deterministic velocity models in which earthquake locations can be directly correlated to the geological structures. Such models have to be kinematically consistent with independent seismological data in order to provide precise hypocenter solutions. We present the Altotiberina (AT) seismic model, a three‐dimensional velocity model for the Upper Tiber Valley region (Northern Apennines, Italy), constructed by combining 300 km of seismic reflection profiles, six deep boreholes (down to 5 km depth), detailed data from geological surveys and direct measurements ofPandSwave velocities performed in situ and in laboratory. We assess the robustness of the AT seismic model by locating 11,713 earthquakes with a nonlinear, global‐search inversion method and comparing the probabilistic hypocenter solutions to those calculated in three previously published velocity models, constructed by inverting passive seismological data only. Our results demonstrate that the AT seismic model is able to provide higher‐quality hypocenter locations than the previous velocity models. Earthquake locations are consistent with the subsurface geological structures and show a high degree of spatial correlation with specific lithostratigraphic units, suggesting a lithological control on the seismic activity evolution.
Airborne observations of the microphysical structure of two contrasting cirrus clouds
Authors: O'Shea S. J. , Choularton T. W. , Lloyd G. , Crosier J. , Bower K. N. , Gallagher M. , Abel S. J. , Cotton R. J. , Brown P. R. A. , Fugal J. P. , Schlenczek O. , Borrmann S. , Pickering J. C.
Published: October 2016

We present detailed airborne in situ measurements of cloud microphysics in two midlatitude cirrus clouds, collected as part of the Cirrus Coupled Cloud‐Radiation Experiment. A new habit recognition algorithm for sorting cloud particle images using a neural network is introduced. Both flights observed clouds that were related to frontal systems, but one was actively developing while the other dissipated as it was sampled. The two clouds showed distinct differences in particle number, habit, and size. However, a number of common features were observed in the 2‐D stereo data set, including a distinct bimodal size distribution within the higher‐temperature regions of the clouds. This may result from a combination of local heterogeneous nucleation and large particles sedimenting from aloft. Both clouds had small ice crystals (<100 µm) present at all levels However, this small ice mode is not present in observations from a holographic probe. This raises the possibility that the small ice observed by optical array probes may at least be in part an instrument artifact due to the counting of out‐of‐focus large particles as small ice. The concentrations of ice crystals were a factor ~10 higher in the actively growing cloud with the stronger updrafts, with a mean concentration of 261 L−1 compared to 29 L−1 in the decaying case. Particles larger than 700 µm were largely absent from the decaying cirrus case. A comparison with ice‐nucleating particle parameterizations suggests that for the developing case the ice concentrations at the lowest temperatures are best explained by homogenous nucleation.
Investigating event‐specific drought attribution using self‐organizing maps
Authors: Harrington Luke J. , Gibson Peter B. , Dean Sam M. , Mitchell Daniel , Rosier Suzanne M. , Frame David J.
Published: October 2016

Previous studies evaluating anthropogenic influences on the meteorological drivers of drought have found mixed results owing to (1) the complex physical mechanisms which lead to the onset of drought, (2) differences in the characteristics and time scales of drought for different regions of the world, and (3) different approaches to the question of attribution. For a midlatitude, temperate climate like New Zealand, strongly modulated by oceanic influences, summer droughts last on the order of 3 months, and are less strongly linked to persistent temperature anomalies than continental climates. Here we demonstrate the utility of a novel approach for characterizing the meteorological conditions conducive to extreme drought over the North Island of New Zealand, using the January–March 2013 event as a case study. Specifically, we consider the use of self‐organizing map techniques in a multimember coupled climate model ensemble to capture changes in daily circulation, between two 41 year periods (1861–1901 and 1993–2033). Comparisons are made with seasonal pressure and precipitation indices. Our results demonstrate robust (>99% confidence) increases in the likelihood of observing circulation patterns like those of the 2013 drought in the recent‐climate simulations when compared with the early‐climate simulations. Best guess estimates of the fraction of attributable risk range from 0.2 to 0.4, depending on the metric used and threshold considered. Contributions to uncertainty in these attribution statements are discussed.
A simple model for regolith formation by chemical weathering
Authors: Braun Jean , Mercier Jonathan , Guillocheau Francois , Robin Cécile
Published: October 2016

We present here a new model for the formation of regolith on geological timescales by chemical weathering based on the assumption that the rate of chemical weathering is primarily controlled by the ability of groundwater to transport solute away from the reacting solid‐fluid interface and keep the system from reaching equilibrium (saturation). This allows us to specify the rate of propagation of the weathering front as linearly proportional to the pore fluid velocity which we obtain by computing the water table geometry in the regolith layer. The surface of the regolith layer is affected by mass transport and erosion. The main prediction of the model is that the geometry of the regolith, i.e., whether it is thickest beneath topographic highs or topographic lows, is controlled by the value of a dimensionless number, which depends on the square of the surface slope, the hydraulic conductivity, and local precipitation rate, but is independent of the chemical weathering rate. In orogenic environments, where regolith formation by chemical weathering competes with surface erosion, the model predicts that the existence and thickness of the regolith layer are controlled by the value of another dimensionless number which is the ratio between the timescale for erosion and the timescale for weathering. The model also predicts that in anorogenic areas, regolith thickness increases as the square root of time, whereas in orogenic environments, a steady state regolith thickness can be achieved, when the propagation of the weathering front is equal to erosion rate.
Frequency scaling of slant‐path atmospheric attenuation in the absence of rain for millimeter‐wave links
Authors: Lucas‐Vegas María José , Riera José Manuel
Published: October 2016

Broadband satellite communications systems, either used for broadcast or fixed satellite services, have grown continuously in recent years. This has led to the use of higher frequency bands, from the Ku (14/11 GHz) to the Ka band (30/20 GHz) in the last decade, and with the expectation of using the Q/V band (50/40 GHz) and even the W band (75–110 GHz) in the future. As frequency increases, radio wave propagation effects in the slant‐path within the troposphere are becoming more and more relevant. The objective of this research is the proposal of frequency scaling approximations for the total attenuation in the absence of rain, a condition that occurs during the highest percentages of time, usually more than 95% in temperate climates. There is a strong relationship between total attenuation at different frequencies, as it arises from the same physical phenomena, namely, the presence of oxygen, water vapor, and clouds in the slant path. This strong relationship allows frequency scaling estimations to be proposed. In particular, polynomials for instantaneous frequency scaling of total attenuation under these conditions have been calculated for a set of frequencies in the range 10–100 GHz, based on atmospheric profiles of 60 sites from all over the world and physical models of attenuation. Global polynomials are provided for the 72 combinations of nine significant frequencies, which can be used to estimate attenuation at a frequency band from its known value at a different one. Refined expressions have also been calculated for different climatic zones, providing more precise estimations.
Staged anticonvulsant screening for chronic epilepsy
Authors: Berdichevsky Yevgeny , Saponjian Yero , Park Kyung‐Il , Roach Bonnie , Pouliot Wendy , Lu Kimberly , Swiercz Waldemar , Dudek F. Edward , Staley Kevin J.
Published: October 2016

Objective

Current anticonvulsant screening programs are based on seizures evoked in normal animals. One‐third of epileptic patients do not respond to the anticonvulsants discovered with these models. We evaluated a tiered program based on chronic epilepsy and spontaneous seizures, with compounds advancing from high‐throughput in vitro models to low‐throughput in vivo models.

Methods

Epileptogenesis in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures was quantified by lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase release into culture media as rapid assays for seizure‐like activity and cell death, respectively. Compounds that reduced these biochemical measures were retested with in vitro electrophysiological confirmation (i.e., second stage). The third stage involved crossover testing in the kainate model of chronic epilepsy, with blinded analysis of spontaneous seizures after continuous electrographic recordings.

Results

We screened 407 compound‐concentration combinations. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, celecoxib, had no effect on seizures evoked in normal brain tissue but demonstrated robust antiseizure activity in all tested models of chronic epilepsy.

Interpretation

The use of organotypic hippocampal cultures, where epileptogenesis occurs on a compressed time scale, and where seizure‐like activity and seizure‐induced cell death can be easily quantified with biomarker assays, allowed us to circumvent the throughput limitations of in vivo chronic epilepsy models. Ability to rapidly screen compounds in a chronic model of epilepsy allowed us to find an anticonvulsant that would be missed by screening in acute models.
[18F]AV‐1451 PET in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to MAPT mutation
Authors: Bevan Jones W. Richard , Cope Thomas E. , Passamonti Luca , Fryer Tim D. , Hong Young T. , Aigbirhio Franklin , Kril Jillian J. , Forrest Shelley L. , Allinson Kieren , Coles Jonathan P. , Simon Jones P. , Spillantini Maria G. , Hodges John R. , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B.
Published: October 2016

The validation of tau radioligands could improve the diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and the assessment of disease‐modifying therapies. Here, we demonstrate that binding of the tau radioligand [18F]AV‐1451 was significantly abnormal in both magnitude and distribution in a patient with familial frontotemporal dementia due to a MAPT 10 + 16C>T gene mutation, recapitulating the pattern of neuropathology seen in her father. Given the genetic diagnosis and the non‐Alzheimer's pathology, these findings suggest that [18F]AV‐1451 might be a useful biomarker in primary tauopathies. Largerscale in vivo and post‐mortem studies will be needed to assess the technique's specificity.