bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Shroud Leakage Loss and Windage Torque in a Low-Pressure Turbine Stage
Authors: Christodoulou Loizos , Li Zhihui , Ambrose Stephen , Jefferson-Loveday Richard , Jackson Richard , Lock Gary , Sangan Carl , Scobie James
Published: October 2024

As new aeroengine architectures move to larger diameter fans and rotors, the associated increase in weight will need to be counterbalanced by lighter, more compact, and more efficient low-pressure turbines (LPT). Efficiency gains in LPTs can be achieved by reducing the losses associated with the shroud leakage flows. Flow control studies on the topic have traditionally focused on reducing the mixing loss, which constitutes a considerable proportion of the total loss. Nonetheless, increasing engine speeds are driving additional gains obtained by also targeting the reduction of windage losses. Developing a flow control solution with the dual objective of reducing over-tip cavity mixing and windage losses has not previously been attempted. This is a challenge due to conflicting flow control requirements and geometric constraints. Reducing windage loss generally requires increasing the swirl ratio of the leakage flow, while reducing mixing loss requires reducing this ratio to match that of the main gas path. The current work proposes a novel flow control solution to successfully achieve this purpose through the emerging technology of additive manufacturing. The successful flow control concept (FCC) was developed through numerical simulation, printed using an additive manufacturing process, and validated in a purpose-built rig. Experiments and computations were consistent with a cumulative reduction in cavity windage of 16%. The FCC is estimated to increase the mechanical efficiency of the turbine stage in isolation by 1%.
What Teachers Always Wanted to Say About Inclusive Physical Education but Were Afraid to Speak Out Loud . . . Microlinguistic Analysis as a Path to the Core of Interviews
Authors: Leineweber Helga
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The aim of the qualitative study was to identify inclusion-related challenges and to specify the need for professional development of physical education (PE) teachers. To achieve this, the integrative basic procedure (IBP) is suggested as a suitable method. Methods: The methodological approach consisted of a combination of grounded theory methodology and IBP. The IBP is designed to reconstruct meaning beyond surface level of statements. The sample was comprised of 17 interviews with German primary and secondary PE teachers. Results: Reconstructions along the IBP revealed challenges in relation to teachers’ professional beliefs and abilities. Five crystallization points suggesting the need for professional development were identified: PE lesson design, teacher’s focus of attention, teaching ambition, performance concept, and attitudes. Conclusions: The methodological procedure places high demands on data and the expertise of researchers. Yet, it allows a deeper understanding of teaching requirements in inclusive PE and highlights areas for professional development.
To PETE, or Not to PETE, That Is the Question: The Influence of Occupational Socialization on Physical Education Teacher Education Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Parkes Craig , Holden Shelley L.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: A reduction in physical education teacher education (PETE) enrollments has been evident over the past decade. As a result, many institutions have eliminated their PETE programs, and the recruitment and retention of preservice teachers has been a significant area of concern and research. The study’s aim was to investigate how occupational socialization influenced PETE recruitment and retention at one mid-sized public research university in the southeastern United States. Method: Participants were 16 individuals who were undergraduate students or recent graduates. Data were collected through autobiographical essays and interviews. Results: Participants were organized into five categories: (a) PETE precandidacy, (b) currently enrolled in PETE, (c) recent PETE graduate, (d) seriously contemplated PETE but never enrolled, and (e) withdrew from PETE. Participants acted as pursuers, latecomers, and lamenters. The factors influencing PETE recruitment were (a) apprenticeship of observation, (b) the family business, and (c) job satisfaction, with the factors influencing retention being (d) a loss of enthusiasm. Discussion/Conclusion: The data from this study both support and contradict prior research into PETE recruitment and retention. These findings would be of interest to PETE faculty, program coordinators, and other administrators who are responsible for the recruitment and retention of students.
Coach Servant Leadership and Athlete Serving Behaviors: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Positive Affect
Authors: Takamatsu Shohei , Kawata Yujiro
Published: October 2024

This study argues, based on macro theory, which integrates self-determination and broaden-and-build theories, that a coach’s servant leadership enhances athletes’ intrinsic motivation and positive affect, thus enhancing their serving behaviors toward their teammates. In Study 1, data were collected from 600 athletes belonging to university athletic clubs in Japan through an online survey. In Study 2, data were collected from a university with one of the largest sport faculties in Japan at two time points—with 311 university athletes at Time 1 and 269 athletes, 3 months later, at Time 2. The results revealed that intrinsic motivation and positive affect sequentially mediated the positive relationship between coach servant leadership and athlete serving behaviors. The findings contribute to the development of the servant-leadership literature by demonstrating a new pathway from servant leadership of coaches (leaders) to serving behaviors of athletes (followers) based on macro theory.
Nearly linear orbital molecules on a pyrochlore lattice
Authors: Krajewska Aleksandra , Yaresko Alexander N. , Nuss Jürgen , Bette Sebastian , Gibbs Alexandra S. , Blankenhorn Marian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Sari Dita P. , Watanabe Isao , Bertinshaw Joel , Gretarsson Hlynur , Ishii Kenji , Matsumura Daiju , Tsuji Takuya , Isobe Masahiko , Keimer Bernhard , Takagi Hidenori , Takayama Tomohiro
Published: October 2024

The interplay of spin-orbit coupling with other relevant parameters gives rise to the rich phase competition in complex ruthenates featuring octahedrally coordinated Ru
4+
. While locally, spin-orbit coupling stabilizes a nonmagnetic
J
eff
= 0 state, intersite interactions resolve one of two distinct phases at low temperatures: an excitonic magnet stabilized by the magnetic exchange of upper-lying
J
eff
= 1 states or Ru
2
molecular orbital dimers driven by direct orbital overlap. Pyrochlore ruthenates
A
2
Ru
2
O
7
(
A
= rare earth, Y) are candidate excitonic magnets with geometrical frustration. We synthesized In
2
Ru
2
O
7
with covalent In─O bonds. This pyrochlore ruthenate hosts a local
J
eff
= 0 state at high temperatures; however, at low temperatures, it forms a unique nonmagnetic ground state with nearly linear Ru─O─Ru molecules, in stark contrast to other
A
2
Ru
2
O
7
compounds. The disproportionation of covalent In─O bonds drives Ru
2
O molecule formation, quenching not only the local spin-orbit singlet but also geometrical frustration.
Ultrafast superconducting qubit readout with the quarton coupler
Authors: Ye Yufeng , Kline Jeremy B. , Chen Sean , Yen Alec , O’Brien Kevin P.
Published: October 2024

Fast, high-fidelity, and quantum nondemolition (QND) qubit readout is an essential element of quantum information processing. For superconducting qubits, state-of-the-art readout is based on a dispersive cross-Kerr coupling between a qubit and its readout resonator. The resulting readout can be high fidelity and QND, but readout times are currently limited to the order of 50 nanoseconds due to the dispersive cross-Kerr of magnitude 10 megahertz. Here, we present a readout scheme that uses the quarton coupler to facilitate a large (greater than 200 megahertz) cross-Kerr between a transmon qubit and its readout resonator. Full master equation simulations of the coupled system show a 5-nanosecond readout time with greater than 99% readout fidelity and greater than 99.9% QND fidelity. The quartonic readout circuit is experimentally feasible and preserves the coherence properties of the qubit. Our work reveals a path for order of magnitude improvements of superconducting qubit readout by engineering nonlinear light-matter couplings in parameter regimes unreachable by existing designs.
Characterization of the ferric uptake regulator
Va
Fur regulon and its role in
Vibrio anguillarum
pathogenesis
Authors: Li Yingjie , Yu Xinran , Li Peng , Li Xin , Wang Lushan
Published: October 2024

The Gram-negative marine bacterium
Vibrio anguillarum
is able to cause vibriosis with hemorrhagic septicemia in many fish species, and iron acquisition is a critical step for virulence. Despite the fact that genes specific to certain processes of iron transport have been studied, the iron-regulated circuits of the
V. anguillarum
strains remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that in
V. anguillarum
strain 775, iron could affect the expression of a number of critical metabolic pathways and virulence factors. The global iron uptake regulator
Va
Fur is the major actor to control these processes for the bacterium to respond to different iron conditions. A
Va
Fur binding motif was identified to distinguish directly and indirectly regulated targets. The absence of
Va
Fur resulted in the aberrant expression of most iron acquisition determinants under rich-iron conditions. A similar regulation pattern was also observed in the transcription of genes coding for the type VI secretion system. The expression of peroxidase genes is positively controlled by
Va
Fur to prevent iron toxicity, and the deletion of
Vafur
caused impaired growth in the presence of iron and H
2
O
2
.
Va
Fur also upregulates some virulence factors under limited-iron conditions, including metalloprotease EmpA and motility, which are likely critical for the high virulence of
V. anguillarum
775. The deletion of
Va
Fur led to reduced swimming motility and decreased extracellular protease activity under limited-iron conditions, thereby leading to attenuated pathogenicity. Our study provides more evidence to better understand the
Va
Fur regulon and its role in the pathogenesis of
V. anguillarum
.

IMPORTANCE

Vibriosis, the most common disease caused by marine bacteria belonging to the genus
Vibrio
, leads to massive mortality of economical aquatic organisms in Asia. Iron is one of the most important trace elements, and its acquisition is a critical battle occurring between the host and the pathogen. However, excess iron is harmful to cells, so iron utilization needs to be strictly controlled to adapt to different conditions. This process is mediated by the global iron uptake regulator Fur, which acts as a repressor when iron is replete. On the other hand, free iron in the host is limited, so the reduced virulence of the Δ
fur
mutant should not be directly caused by abnormally regulated iron uptake. The significance of this work lies in uncovering the mechanism by which the deletion of Fur causes reduced virulence in
Vibrio anguillarum
and identifying the critical virulence factors that function under limited-iron conditions.
Whole-genome sequencing of a
Janthinobacterium sp
. isolated from the Patagonian Desert
Authors: Cavanaugh Nicole T. , Kumar Girish , Reverdy Pearson Alicyn , Colbert Julia , Riquelme Carlos , Hudson André O. , Chai Yunrong , Godoy-Carter Veronica
Published: October 2024

Janthinobacterium
is a genus of Gram-negative environmental bacteria that survive extreme conditions by forming biofilms and producing pigments.
Janthinobacterium
sp. LS2A, an extremophile isolated from soil in the Chilean Patagonia, contains seven known biosynthetic gene clusters, including the purple pigment violacein, which may aid in its survival in harsh environments.
Subduction retreat recorded in the southern Beishan orogenic collage of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: New evidence from deep seismic reflection profiling
Authors: Xiong Xiaosong , Li Hongqiang , Chen Xuanhua , Li Runwu , Zhou Jianbo , Gao Rui , Eccles Jennifer D.
Published: October 2024

The crustal and upper mantle structure of the Beishan orogenic collage, which serves as the southern part of the middle Central Asian Orogenic Belt, provides crucial insights into the history of the multiple openings and closings of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Paleozoic. There is considerable dispute over the eventual closure position, timing, and subduction polarity of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, particularly in the southern Beishan orogenic collage. The main cause of these controversies is the lack of a high-resolution lithospheric structure in this area. In this study, we first present a 140-km-long, high-resolution seismic reflection profile taken across the northern Dunhuang Block and the southern Beishan orogenic collage. The seismic imaging provides new constraints on the structure of the lower crust, the Moho, and the upper mantle beneath the southernmost Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A subhorizontal reflector in the middle crust, two sets of north-dipping reflectors from the lower crust to the upper mantle, and several south-dipping reflectors in the upper crust in the northern part of the profile were imaged. Based on our study and other geological, chronological, and geophysical data, we propose that the two sequences of north-dipping reflectors from the lower crust to the upper mantle represent two stages of north-dipping subduction of the southern branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The first stage in the southern Beishan orogenic collage is Late Silurian–Early Devonian, and the second stage is late Carboniferous–Early Permian. The two-stage subduction process gave rise to the Huaniushan arc and the subsequent Shibanshan arc, respectively. These findings provide new constraints on the controversial subduction polarity and the multistage amalgamation of the microcontinental blocks and arcs in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
Access to health and rights of children in street situations and working children: a scoping review
Authors: Jörgensen Eva , Napier-Raman Sharanya , Macleod Shona , Seth Rajeev , Goodman Michael , Howard Neil , Einarsdóttir Jónína , Banerjee Meghendra , Raman Shanti
Published: October 2024

Background

Street and working children (SWC) and young people (YP) are highly vulnerable to violence, exploitation, hazardous environments and human rights violations. While the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child and the International Labour Organisation provide some guidance, there is limited information on their right to healthcare. This study aims to identify enablers and barriers to healthcare access for SWC and document associated rights violations.

Methods

From 2000 to the present, we conducted systematic searches for SWC (0–18 years) in databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCO, PUBMED and PROQUEST, using broad search terms related to street children, working children, healthcare access and rights. The searches were supplemented by grey literature and hand searches. Two independent reviewers finalised the included studies, and data were analysed using a rights-based framework with narrative analysis and thematisation.

Results

The initial search yielded 7346 articles (5972 for street children and 1374 for working children), with 35 studies (18 for street children and 17 for working children) included in the review. Most studies on working children (13/17) focused on trafficking/commercial exploitation. Studies were predominantly from Africa, followed by the USA, Asia, the UK and Canada, with only two employing a rights framework. SWC face barriers such as cost, distance, visibility/accessibility of services, stigma, seclusion, threats of violence, lack of legal documents, crisis-oriented healthcare use and self-medication. Enablers included agency, self-efficacy, positive relationships with adults and proactive healthcare use when accessible. Emergency departments are frequently accessed by SWC, indicating a need for healthcare professionals to be trained and sensitised. Holistic and comprehensive healthcare is essential.

Conclusion

Significant research gaps exist, with many SWC populations under-represented. SWC share healthcare access barriers with other marginalised groups. Healthcare for SWC must be tailored to their unique needs and strengths and be holistic and trauma-informed.
Home use of mifepristone for medical abortion: a systematic review
Authors: Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Lindh Ingela , Brynhildsen Jan , Christensson Anna , Moberg Klas , Wernersson Emma , Johansson Susanne
Published: October 2024

Background

In many countries, persons seeking medical abortion with mifepristone followed by misoprostol can self-administer the second drug, misoprostol, at home, but self-administration of the first drug, mifepristone, is not allowed to the same extent.

Objectives

This systematic review aims to evaluate whether the efficacy, safety and women’s satisfaction with abortion treatment are affected when mifepristone is self-administered at home instead of in a clinic.

Search strategy

A literature search covered CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo in October 2022.

Selection criteria

Eligible studies focused on persons undergoing medical abortion comparing home and in-clinic mifepristone intake. Outcomes included abortion effectiveness, compliance, acceptability, and practical consequences for women.

Data collection and analysis

Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and risk of bias. Meta-analysis included similar studies while those differing in design were synthesised without meta-analysis.

Results

Six studies (54 233 women) of medical abortions up to 10 weeks were included. One randomised controlled trial and one retrospective register study had moderate risk of bias, and four non-randomised clinical trials where women could choose the place for intake of mifepristone had serious risk of bias. There was no difference in abortion effectiveness (high confidence) or compliance (moderate confidence) between mifepristone administered at home or in-clinic. No differences in complications were detected between groups and most women who chose home administration of mifepristone expressed a preference for this approach.

Conclusions

Our systematic review demonstrates that the effectiveness of medical abortion is comparable regardless of mifepristone administration and intake, at home or in the clinic.
Vaginal and pelvic recurrences and salvage treatments in a cohort of Danish endometrial cancer patients not given adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Ørtoft Gitte , Fokdal Lars Ulrick , Høgdall Claus
Published: October 2024

Objective

In Denmark, adjuvant radiotherapy has gradually been omitted after surgery in endometrial cancer. This study analyses the impact of this strategy on patterns of recurrence and outcome after salvage radiotherapy. Moreover, the potential effect of adjuvant radiotherapy is estimated in the non-low-risk cohort.

Methods

The cohort included 3723 consecutive Danish patients with endometrial cancer who had radical surgery without adjuvant treatment (2005–2012). The patients were divided into low-risk (stage 1A, endometrioid, grades 1, 2 and no lymph-vascular space invasion) and non-low-risk. Crude/actuarial recurrence rates evaluated the number of patients who might have benefited from additional adjuvant radiotherapy.

Results

Within 9 years’ observation time using crude recurrence rates, 13.4% recurred.The rate of isolated vaginal recurrences was 2.9% in low-risk compared with 6.7% in non-low-risk patients. Isolated pelvic recurrences were 0.8% in low-risk compared with 2.1% in non-low-risk patients. In all, 15.8% of non-low-risk patients died from endometrial cancer, mainly due to primary or secondary non-local recurrences (a later non-local recurrence after a primary isolated local recurrence). Only 0.6% and 1.1% of all non-low-risk patients died from an isolated vaginal or pelvic recurrence, respectively. In all, 86% of all patients with an isolated vaginal recurrence were treated with curative intent. Of these, 72% were given radiotherapy with a local control rate of 91% (crude rate). However, even though only 5.8% died of an unsuccessfully treated isolated vaginal recurrence after curative intended radiotherapy, 23.1% died from a secondary non-local recurrence, while 22.3% died from other causes.

Conclusion

The Danish strategy of omitting adjuvant radiotherapy is safe. Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy may have prevented isolated local recurrences in 8.7% of the Danish non-low-risk patients, but a majority of these patients were salvaged by curative radiotherapy with 91% and 70% crude local control rates for isolated vaginal and isolated pelvic recurrences, respectively.
Climate change in Canadian civil engineering curricula: gaps and best practices
Authors: Liu Paris , Lovegrove Gordon , Nehdi Moncef L.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the state of curricula, knowledge, and practices in Canada’s civil engineering programs with respect to climate change, identifies best practices, and formulates recommendations on ways to improve climate change knowledge and skills training for Canadian civil engineering programs. A survey based on the Climate Framework was distributed to 856 civil engineering instructors across all 25 accredited engineering schools listed by Engineers Canada and gathered data on 55 civil engineering climate change related courses, with representation from 20 out of the 25 accredited programs across the country. The results of this study provide important benchmarks to help instructors incorporate most relevant climate change topics and resources into their courses for equipping civil engineering students with the necessary skills to tackle emerging challenges related to the mitigation of climate change and adaptation to wildfires, droughts, sea level rise, increased precipitation, storms, heat domes, floods, earthquakes, and biodiversity loss.
Production of double P-wave heavy quarkonia at a super Z factory
Authors: Liao Qi-Li , Yu Yan
Published: October 2024

The production of double P-wave heavy quarkonia is studied systematically within the framework of non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics at the exclusive process of the electron–positron collision annihilation at the CM energy $$\sqrt{s}=91.1876$$

s

=
91.1876

GeV of the $$Z^0$$

Z
0

pole, i.e., double P-wave charmonia, double P-wave $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons, and double P-wave bottomonia in $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \gamma ^*/Z^0 \rightarrow |(Q\bar{Q'})[n]\rangle +|(Q'\bar{Q})[n^\prime ]\rangle $$

e
+

e
-

→

γ
∗

/

Z
0

→

|

(
Q

Q
′

¯

)

[
n
]

⟩
+
|

(

Q
′

Q

¯

)

[

n
′

]

⟩

($$Q/Q'=c$$

Q
/

Q
′

=
c

- or b-quarks) at a future super Z factory, where [n] or $$[n^\prime ]$$

[

n
′

]

stands for the color-singlet $$[^1P_1]$$

[
1

P
1

]

and $$[^3P_J]$$

[
3

P
J

]

($$J=0,1,2$$

J
=
0
,
1
,
2

) Fock states. As an improved trace technology is useful for calculating the complicated double P-wave channels, the analytical result can be obtained at the amplitude level. According to our study, the generation rates for the double P-wave heavy quarkonia at the future super Z factory are considerable. The values obtained for the total cross sections of the double P-wave charmonium for $$\sigma {(|(c\bar{c})[1]\rangle +|(c\bar{c})[1]\rangle )}=4.191^{+0.489}_{-0.498}\times 10^{-3}~fb$$

σ

(
|
(
c

c

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
+
|
(
c

c

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
)

=
4
.

191

-
0.498

+
0.489

×

10

-
3

f
b

, the total cross sections of the double P-wave $$B_c$$

B
c

mesons for $$\sigma {(|(c\bar{b})[1]\rangle +|(b\bar{c})[1]\rangle )}=0.2045^{+0.0084}_{-0.0080}~fb$$

σ

(
|
(
c

b

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
+
|
(
b

c

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
)

=
0
.

2045

-
0.0080

+
0.0084

f
b

, and the total cross sections of the double P-wave bottomonium for $$\sigma {(|(b\bar{b})[1]\rangle +|(b\bar{b})[1]\rangle )}=5.244^{+0.134}_{-0.136}\times 10^{-3}~fb$$

σ

(
|
(
b

b

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
+
|
(
b

b

¯

)
[
1
]
⟩
)

=
5
.

244

-
0.136

+
0.134

×

10

-
3

f
b

. The main uncertainties come from the mass of heavy quarkonia and the corresponding first-derivative radial wave functions at the origin under the Buchmüller–Tye (BT) potential. The number of events in the production of double P-wave charmonium, $$B_c$$

B
c

-meson, and bottomonium states via $$e^-e^+\rightarrow \gamma ^*/Z^0 \rightarrow |(Q\bar{Q}')[n]\rangle + |(Q'\bar{Q})[n^\prime ]\rangle $$

e
-

e
+

→

γ
∗

/

Z
0

→
|

(
Q

Q

¯

′

)

[
n
]

⟩
+
|

(

Q
′

Q

¯

)

[

n
′

]

⟩

at the integrated luminosity $$\mathcal{L}\approx 10^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$$

L
≈

10
34

c

m

-
2

s

-
1

at the super Z factory is almost unobservable.
On the high accuracy to test dragging of inertial frames with the LARES 2 space experiment
Authors: Ciufolini Ignazio , Paris Claudio , Pavlis Erricos C. , Ries John C. , Matzner Richard , Deka Darpanjeet , Ortore Emiliano , Kuzmicz-Cieslak Magdalena , Gurzadyan Vahe , Penrose Roger , Paolozzi Antonio , Goncalves Juan Pablo Sellanes
Published: October 2024

In this paper we treat some aspects of the LARES 2 space experiment to test the general relativistic phenomenon of dragging of inertial frames, or frame-dragging, in particular we discuss some aspects of its relative accuracy which can approach one part in a thousand. We then, once again respond to the criticisms of the author of a recent paper about the accuracy in the measurement of frame-dragging with LARES 2. The claims of such a paper are not reproducible in any independent analyses. Indeed, it claims that the accuracy in the test of frame-dragging, which can be reached by the LARES 2 space experiment, is several orders of magnitude larger than previously estimated in a number of papers. Here we show that such a paper is based on a number of significant misunderstandings and conceptual mistakes. Furthermore, it is puzzling to observe that previous papers by the same author contained completely opposite statements about the accuracy which can be reached using two satellites with supplementary inclinations, such as in the LARES 2 space experiment, and in general with laser-ranged satellites.
Light fermion masses in partially deconstructed models
Authors: Kan Nahomi , Shiraishi Kiyoshi , Takeuchi Maki
Published: October 2024

Considering a theory space consisting of a large number of five-dimensional Dirac fermion field theories including background abelian gauge fields, we can construct a theory similar to a continuous six-dimensional theory compactified with two-dimensional manifolds with and without magnetic flux or orbifolds as extra dimensions. This method, called dimensional deconstruction, can be used to construct a model with one-dimensional discrete space, which represents general graph structures. In this paper, we propose the models with two extra dimensions, which resemble two-dimensional tori, cylinders, and rectangular regions, as continuum limits. We also try to build a model that mimics one with the two-dimensional orbifold compactification.
MACHINABILITY STUDIES OF LM24 ALUMINUM ALLOY–ZrB2–FLY ASH REINFORCED HYBRID COMPOSITES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Sivananthan S. , Chelladurai Samson Jerold Samuel
Published: October 2024

The LM24–7.5ZrB2–2.5FA hybrid composite presents machining difficulties as it has excellent durability and low-temperature conductivity, making it challenging to machine using standard methods. In spite of this aspect, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is well-suited for machined materials made of aluminum alloys, including LM24–7.5ZrB2–2.5FA. LM24 aluminum alloy-based hybrid composite prepared using 7.5[Formula: see text]wt% of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) and 2.5[Formula: see text]wt% of Fly Ash (FA) by stir casting route. This study explores the machinability of the hybrid composite and the primary goal is to establish a connection between the process variable’s key efficiency indicators, which include Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR), and Tool Wear Rate (TWR), which collectively reflect dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency. The experimentation involves three adjustable process parameters, namely pulse current (I), pulse-on time ([Formula: see text]), and pulse-off time ([Formula: see text]). These variables are subjected to variation, and a total of 20 experimental runs are set up utilizing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a full-factorial Central Composite Design (CCD). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is employed to determine which operating variables substantially influence performance characteristics. The analysis reveals that current has a strong influence on MRR, SR, and TWR by 49.5%, 37.7%, and 36.1%, respectively, followed by pulse-on time and pulse-off time. The developed quadratic regression models for MRR, SR, and TWR demonstrated good performance in predicting the responses, as evidenced by the [Formula: see text] values of 0.9030, 0.9890, and 0.9302 obtained from ANOVA results.
On regular sets in Cayley sum graphs
Authors: Zhang Junyang , Yuan Wei
Published: October 2024

For a graph [Formula: see text] and two nonnegative integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-regular set if [Formula: see text] induces a [Formula: see text]-regular subgraph and every vertex in [Formula: see text] is adjacent to exactly [Formula: see text] vertices in [Formula: see text]. A Cayley sum graph [Formula: see text] on a finite group [Formula: see text] is the graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a subset of [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we characterize subgroup regular sets in Cayley sum graphs on abelian groups and dihedral groups. For abelian groups, we give the conditions that the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] should meet when a given subgroup is a regular set. For dihedral groups, we give a classification of all Cayley sum graphs admitting a given subgroup as a regular set.
Applications of Nanocellulose in Drug Release
Authors: Uşan Huseyin , Esra Bolsu Kariper S. , Afşin Kariper I.
Published: October 2024

In this study, it is examined how nanocellulose has been used in drug release so far. In the thinning, information is given briefly on controlled drug release and its importance, nanomaterials in controlled release, structure, and production of nanocellulose. Then, examples of the use of nanocellulose in drug release are given. The disadvantage of still having a slightly high production cost has been identified. However, it is understood that it is a very suitable material for drug release due to its abundance in nature, easy availability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, at the end of the study, it is recommended that nanocellulose of different sizes would be very useful for producing nanocellulose in different sizes and its applications in drug release and nanocellulose with other functional groups for drug release. In this respect, it is predicted that studies on nanocellulose as a natural product in terms of drug release will accelerate.
Enhanced Special Relativity Search Algorithm-Based Lorentz Force for Structural Optimization
Authors: Goodarzimehr Vahid , Fazli Mehdi , Fanaie Nader , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: October 2024

Optimization of real-world problems is an important challenge that researchers face due to the discrete nature of the search space, multiple local optimum, the large dimension of the problem, and computation costs. The Special Relativity Search (SRS) algorithm is one of the newest metaheuristic methods that has recently been developed. In this work, the Enhanced SRS (ESRS) algorithm has been developed based on the Lorentz Force coefficient to solve this class of problems. The SRS is a single-objective algorithm based on swarm intelligence inspired by the physics of special relativity. The cause of movement between particles in magnetic space is the Lorentz Force. Due to the type of particle charge, this force repels or attracts particles. SRS performance is sensitive to the Lorentz Force. Developing an empirical equation can enhance the performance of the algorithm. An empirical equation for simulating the Lorentz Force Coefficient is proposed as LC. LC decreases proportionally to the number of different iterations. This equation has a constant coefficient to control the movement step. This constant is more accurate for small values than for large values. Several structural problems with discrete and continuous variables have been investigated to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The objective function is the weight of structural elements that are under loading and must be reduced to the minimum value while observing the constraints of the problem. ESRS results have been compared with the original SRS and several state-of-the-art algorithms. The results show that ESRS has obtained the best optimal weight with the least computational effort and with high accuracy.
Correlation-aware Cross-modal Attention Network for Fashion Compatibility Modeling in UGC Systems
Authors: Cui Kai , Liu Shenghao , Feng Wei , Deng Xianjun , Gao Liangbin , Cheng Minmin , Lu Hongwei , Yang Laurence T.
Published: October 2024

Empowered by the continuous integration of social multimedia and artificial intelligence, the application scenarios of information retrieval (IR) progressively tend to be diversified and personalized. Currently, User-Generated Content (UGC) systems have great potential to handle the interactions between large-scale users and massive media contents. As an emerging multimedia IR, Fashion Compatibility Modeling (FCM) aims to predict the matching degree of each given outfit and provide complementary item recommendation for user queries. Although existing studies attempt to explore the FCM task from a multimodal perspective with promising progress, they still fail to fully leverage the interactions between multimodal information or ignore the item-item contextual connectivities of intra-outfit. In this paper, a novel fashion compatibility modeling scheme is proposed based on Correlation-aware Cross-modal Attention Network. To better tackle these issues, our work mainly focuses on enhancing comprehensive multimodal representations of fashion items by integrating the cross-modal collaborative contents and uncovering the contextual correlations. Since the multimodal information of fashion items can deliver various semantic clues from multiple aspects, a modality-driven collaborative learning module is presented to explicitly model the interactions of modal consistency and complementarity via a co-attention mechanism. Considering the rich connections among numerous items in each outfit as contextual cues, a correlation-aware information aggregation module is further designed to adaptively capture significant intra-correlations of item-item for characterizing the content-aware outfit representations. Experiments conducted on two real-world fashion datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art methods.
Perfect Resolution of Strong Conflict-Free Colouring of Interval Hypergraphs
Authors: Narayanaswamy N. S. , Dhannya S. M.
Published: October 2024

The

\(k\)

-Strong Conflict-Free (

\(k\)

-SCF colouring problem seeks to find a colouring of the vertices of a hypergraph

\(H\)

using minimum number of colours so that in every hyperedge

\(e\)

of

\(H\)

, there are at least

\(\min\{|e|,k\}\)

vertices whose colours are different from that of all other vertices in

\(e\)

. In the case of interval hypergraphs, we present an exact

\({\mathsf{P}}\)

-time algorithm for the

\(k\)

-SCF problem thus solving an open problem posed in 2014. We achieve our results by showing that for any hypergraph, a

\(k\)

-SCF colouring is a proper colouring of a related simple graph which we refer to as a
co-occurrence graph
. We then show that a co-occurrence graph is obtained by identifying an induced subgraph of a second simple graph that we introduce, which we refer to as the
conflict graph
. For interval hypergraphs, we show that each co-occurrence graph and the conflict graph are perfect graphs. This property plays a crucial role in our polynomial time algorithm. Second, we show that for an interval hypergraph, the

\(1\)

-SCF colouring number is the minimum partition of its intervals into sets such that each set has an exact hitting set (a hitting set in which each interval is hit exactly once).
LLM-Enhanced Composed Image Retrieval: An Intent Uncertainty-Aware Linguistic-Visual Dual Channel Matching Model
Authors: Ge Hongfei , Jiang Yuanchun , Sun Jianshan , Yuan Kun , Liu Yezheng
Published: October 2024

Composed image retrieval (CoIR) involves a multi-modal query of the reference image and modification text describing the desired changes, allowing users to express image retrieval intents flexibly and effectively. The key of CoIR lies in how to properly reason the search intent from the multi-modal query. Existing work either aligns the composite embedding of the multi-modal query and the target image embedding in the visual domain through late-fusion or converts all images into text descriptions and leverage large language models (LLM) for text semantic reasoning. However, this single-modality reasoning approach fails to comprehensively and interpretably capture the users’ ambiguous and uncertain intents in the multi-modal queries, incurring the inconsistency between retrieved results and ground truth. Besides, the expensive manually annotated datasets limit the further performance improvement of CoIR.

To this end, this article proposes an LLM-enhanced Intent Uncertainty-Aware Linguistic-Visual Dual Channel Matching Model (IUDC), which combines the strengths of multi-modal late-fusion and LLMs for CoIR. We first construct an LLM-based triplet augmentation strategy to generate more synthetic training triplets. Based on this, the core of IUDC consists of two matching channels: the semantic matching channel is responsible for intent reasoning on the aspect-level attributes extracted by an LLM, and the visual matching channel accounts for the fine-grained visual matching between multi-modal fusion embedding and target images. Considering the intent uncertainty presented in the multi-modal queries, we introduce Probability Distribution Encoder (PDE) to project the intents as probabilistic distributions in the two matching channels. Consequently, a mutually enhanced module is designed to share knowledge between the visual and semantic representations for better representation learning. Finally, the matching scores of two channels are added to retrieve the target image. Extensive experiments conducted on two real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our model. Notably, with the help of the proposed LLM-based triplet augmentation strategy, our model achieves a new record of state-of-the-art performance among all datasets.
Synthesis of Thioglycolic Acid-Modified Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets for Electrochemical Sensing and Its Application in Molnupiravir Detection
Authors: Ateş Ali Kemal , Er Engin
Published: October 2024

In the modern world, population growth, industrialization, and lifestyle changes have led to a rise in existing and new diseases, increasing global drug consumption. Proper pharmaceutical dosage is vital since drugs are only effective within specific concentration ranges. Therefore, developing reliable analytical methods for drug analysis in pharmaceuticals and biological samples is essential. Electroanalytical methods are particularly advantageous due to their low cost, ease of use, and rapid response. This study introduces a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on thioglycolic acid (TA)-decorated metallic phase molybdenum disulfide (MP-MoS2) nanosheets for the selective detection of molnupiravir (MOL), an antiviral drug used in Covid-19 treatment. The TA@MP-MoS2 nanomaterial was characterized using FTIR, TEM, and EIS. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with TA@MP-MoS2 nanosheets to evaluate their electro-chemical and catalytic behaviours towards MOL by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The sensor displayed a well-defined electro-oxidation signal for MOL at 0.534 V, with the linear responses in two concentration ranges: 0.50–3.40 μM and 3.40–9.55 μM, and a low detection limit of 22.6 nM. The proposed design that has promising results could be an alternative strategy to fabricate the sensitive sensor for the detection of antiviral agents in real samples.
Bimetallic Au-Ag Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructures for Enhanced Detection of Dengue Virus E Protein
Authors: Kokilavani R. , Kotal Hiranmoy , Lala Arunima , Jana Saikat Kumar
Published: October 2024

The development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for early-stage detection of dengue virus (DENV) is critical for effective outbreak management, particularly in resource-limited settings. In this study, we report a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on bimetallic gold silver (Au-Ag) nanoparticles integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the detection of dengue virus envelope (E) protein. The Au-Ag bimetallic nanostructures exhibit superior electron transfer kinetics and enhanced electrocatalytic activity, while rGO serves as an excellent platform due to its large surface area and high conductivity. This synergistic combination improves antigen-antibody interactions and significantly boosts sensor performance. The immunosensor demonstrated a broad linear detection range of 100 ag ml−1 to 10 ng ml−1, with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98519). It achieved an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.959 ag ml−1 for DENV E protein, outperforming existing detection methods. These findings highlight the potential of the Au-Ag- rGO-based immunosensor as a promising tool for point-of-care diagnosis, enabling rapid and cost-effective disease management and control.
Performance Evaluation of Refractive Index Biosensor in THz Regime for Clinical Applications: A Simulation Approach
Authors: J. Vaijayanthimala , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Shqaidef Abedalrahman , Mahmoud Okba
Published: October 2024

In this manuscript, a novel innovative HC-PCF sensor model in THz regime is introduced integrated with an optimization approach. The suggested sensor architecture provides crucial advantages precise identification of healthy and ill tissues in healthcare industry. The HC-PCF, meticulously constructed with specific dimensions, significantly increases the sensor sensitivity and specificity to 99.37% and 99.75% respectively. Healthcare industries are at the core of investigations and are undoubtedly crucial to modernize the prognosis procedures. It is a discipline that is continually expanding and searching for new approaches to raise the standard for efficacy, sensitivity, and accuracy. Recently, THz PCF has emerged with incredible potential in all the areas of biomedical applications. The importance in using THz sensors in this research is to detect the ill tissues, an important component in the categorizing diabetes. The integrated sensor architecture provides higher level of sensitivity, with a confinement loss of 0.05 in 0.23 s processing time for a RI range of 1.28–1.39. This research highlights the capability of combining PCF with optimization to improvise the healthcare industry, offering an economical and efficient diagnostic solution across the fields.
Synthesis and Optimization of 2,5‐Dihydroxyterephthalic Acid in a Slurry Reactor
Authors: Beiranvand Reza Pirdadeh , Ovaysi Saeed
Published: October 2024

2,5‐Dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) is synthesized under 10 bar pressure and 200°C temperature. Using a slurry reactor, a disodium salt of hydroquinone (DSH) is contacted by carbon dioxide gas in the presence of sodium acetate as a catalyst. A fractional factorial design is used to screen four parameters including reactor pressure, temperature, catalyst‐to‐DSH molar ratio, and reaction time. By performing 8 experiments in the screening phase the variable ranges are modified to 175°C–200°C for temperature, 1.5–2.5 for catalyst‐to‐DSH molar ratio, and 3–5 h for reaction time. In addition, pressure is kept fixed at 10 bar throughout the remaining experiments. An additional 14 more experiments devised by the Box–Behnken design scheme are performed to determine a quadratic model for the DHTA yield against the three parameters mentioned above. A mathematical optimization of the model predicts 83.385% DHTA yield at 200°C, 2.085, and 250 min for temperature, catalyst‐to‐DSH molar ratio, and reaction time, respectively. These parameter values are put to the test by performing one more experiment under the suggested optimum point. This results in 83% DHTA yield which is in good agreement with the model. For all experiments, the DHTA yields and the composition of byproducts were obtained using HPLC analysis. The optimized product was analyzed using XRD and FTIR analyses and the structure of the synthesized DHTA was confirmed.
The Importance of Wetlands for the Conservation of Birds in Tigray National Regional State (Northern Ethiopia)
Authors: Mesfin Kalayu , Assefa Alembrhan , Tesfahunegny Weldemariam
Published: October 2024

Many birds use wetland habitats for all or part of their lives. This study was conducted to investigate the significance of wetlands and associated habitats for bird conservation in the central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, from June 2022 to May 2023. The point count method was used to study the bird assemblage structure and diversity. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and ANOVA were used to analyze the wetland bird community structure. A total of 4337 individual birds belonging to 120 species, 15 orders, and 41 families were recorded. Among the identified bird species, the Abyssinian catbird, white‐winged cliff chat, Abyssinian longclaw, wattled ibis, and black‐winged lovebird are endemic and near‐endemic species, which are found only in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The Passeriformes order had the greatest number of species (n = 68), followed by the Columbiformes order (n = 9). The​ Mai‐Shigurti Wetland had the greatest abundance of birds (N = 2472), while the Hatsebo Wetland had the least (N = 936). A high abundance of birds was recorded during the wet season (N = 2805), and a low abundance was recorded during the dry season (N = 1532). A significant difference in the abundance of bird species was observed among wetlands and seasons (p < 0.05). The highest species diversity (H′ = 4.13) was recorded in Mai‐Shigurti during the wet season, whereas the lowest was recorded in Hatsebo during the dry season (H′ = 3.2). The highest species evenness was recorded in Hatsebo (E = 0.82) during the dry season, and the lowest was recorded in Mai‐Shigurti (E = 0.72) during the wet season. The results show that wetlands support a high diversity of birds; however, they are highly threatened by anthropogenic threats, including solid waste disposal, erosion, agricultural expansion, human settlement, livestock overgrazing, military camping, and eucalyptus cultivation. Therefore, community‐based conservation initiatives should be implemented to mitigate these threats. Moreover, wetland management policies should be established to safeguard wetlands and their biological resources.