bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being an ethical or unethical consumer in response to social exclusion: The role of control, belongingness and self‐esteem
Authors: Tunçel Niray , Kavak Bahtışen
Published: April 2021

Social exclusion threatens control, belongingness and self‐esteem, and such threats may produce distinct behavioural intentions. This study hypothesized that thwarted control would increase the intention towards unethical consumer behaviour. Additionally, it hypothesized that inhibiting belongingness and self‐esteem would decrease the intention to engage in unethical consumer behaviour for reconnection. To test the hypotheses, we conducted two online experiments, with 117 (63 females and 54 males) and 188 (91 females and 97 males) participants in the 18–64 age range, using the Cyberball game to manipulate social exclusion. The result of the first study indicated that social exclusion diminished the level of control and increased participants’ willingness to engage in unethical consumer behaviour. The result of the second study indicated that social exclusion decreased levels of belongingness and self‐esteem and this decreased belongingness reduced the intention to engage in unethical consumer behaviour for reconnection. These results show that sense of control and belongingness are two psychological mechanisms through which social exclusion influences unethical behavioural intentions. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze the role of control, belongingness, and self‐esteem as the mechanism explaining why excluded individuals are more likely to engage in unethical consumer behaviour but less likely to do it for affiliation. Accordingly, the paper presents some important theoretical and practical implications in the consumer behaviour context.
Prognostic evidence of LEF1 isoforms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Erbilgin Yucel , Hatirnaz Ng Ozden , Can Ismail , Firtina Sinem , Kucukcankurt Fulya , Karaman Serap , Karakas Zeynep , Celkan Tulin Tiraje , Zengin Emine , Aylan Gelen Sema , Nihal Ozdemir Gul , Yildirmak Yildiz , Dogru Omer , Tansel Turkan , Khodzhaev Khusan , Toluk Ozlem , Ozbek Ugur , Sayitoglu Muge
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) is a DNA‐binding transcription factor that functions in the Wnt signaling pathway. Increased LEF1 activity is associated with progression of several types of cancer including leukemia. Here, we investigated LEF1 isoform expression and genomic variations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods

LEF1 isoform expression was evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR in 87 newly diagnosed childhood ALL patients and controls. Moreover, Western blot analysis was performed for detection of LEF1 expression and the hotspot region of LEF1 was screened by deep sequencing.

Results

The LEF1 mRNA expression of B cell ALL patients was higher than the controls (LEF1‐total P = .011, LEF1‐long P = .026). Moreover, B‐ALL samples showing higher total LEF1 expression had significantly shorter relapse‐free survival (P = .008) and overall survival (P = .011). Although full‐length LEF1 expression was similar to the controls in T‐ALL, 50% (n = 15) of the ALL patients had increased full‐length LEF1 protein expression. Imbalance between short‐ and full‐length LEF1 isoforms may lead to cell survival in ALL. Beside the LEF1 activation, LEF1 gene variations were rarely observed in our cohort.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the Wnt pathway may have a pathogenic function in a group of ALL patients and high LEF1‐total expression might be a marker for shorter relapse‐free survival time in B cell ALL.
Intelligent careers of a resilient mobile workforce: Edu‐immigrants
Authors: Schlosser Francine , Lam Duncan , Kerr Gerry
Published: April 2021

We extend the intelligent career framework to support a rapidly expanding nascent and mobile workforce: edu‐immigrants. Edu‐immigrants undertake international post‐secondary education for the purpose of remaining and working in a new country. Interviews were conducted with community stakeholders, which informed the development of a cross‐sectional open‐ended survey of 374 edu‐immigrants. The more resilient relied upon their own coping strategies to seek permanent settlement and career aid. They were challenged by a lack of a perceived legitimate stake and few key “knowing whom” contacts. Universities and community can facilitate the establishment of supportive social and professional networks for edu‐immigrants. Our findings contribute by providing new knowledge about the universality of the intelligent career in the context of international education and immigration.
Thermal conductivity prediction in air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings containing multifarious defects
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Zhao Meng , Ren Xiaorui , Zheng Yixin , Xing Yan , Yang Jun , Wang Min , Wan Chunlei , Pan Wei
Published: April 2021

Air plasma sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings are widely applied in gas turbines and aviation engines, which usually contain multifarious and multiscale defects, such as pores, cracks, and amorphous layers. They all significantly lower the thermal conductivity of the coating but in drastically different ways depending on their morphologies and orientations. Establishing an accurate correlation between the microstructure and the thermal conductivity requires not only a precise separation and estimation of different kinds of defects but also a reasonable mathematic model to describe their effect on thermal conductivity. In this research, cross‐section ion polishing and image analysis were chosen as a reliable assembly for characterizing multifarious defects of porous coatings, which was almost undamaged compared with the traditionally mechanical polishing. The effect of different microscale defects on the thermal conductivity was respectively and quantitatively studied to build a mathematical model. A thermal resistance induced by amorphous layers was introduced into the model, which was found to have a linear relationship with the amorphous layer concentration. It was also found a linear relationship between the amorphous layer concentration and the spraying times. The predicted thermal conductivity of porous coatings by multifarious‐defect‐concerned model fits the data measured using the steady heat flow method very well. This research confirms the applicability of image‐analysis‐based modeling as a simple, reliable, and versatile method for thermal conductivity prediction of porous coating systems.
Surface functionalization of bioactive glasses and hydroxyapatite with polyphenols from organic red grape pomace
Authors: Riccucci Giacomo , Cazzola Martina , Ferraris Sara , Gobbo Virginia Alessandra , Miola Marta , Bosso Antonella , Örlygsson Gissur , Ng Chuen How , Verné Enrica , Spriano Silvia
Published: April 2021

An extract of polyphenols was obtained from organic red grape pomace, chemically analyzed, and used for functionalization of two bioactive glasses and porous hydroxyapatite. Functionalization is effective on hydroxyapatite and the bioactive glass with higher surface reactivity with a different grafting mechanism. Grafting does not inhibit redox and radical scavenging activity of polyphenols. The grafted polyphenols make a continuous layer with an almost complete surface coverage. Polyphenols are released with different kinetics according to the mechanism of grafting and maintain their redox activity. A homogeneous thin layer of polyphenols is still firmly grafted on both substrates after 28 days of soaking and it still maintains radical scavenging activity. The functionalized samples can be sterilized by gamma irradiation.
The Human Side of COVID‐19
Authors: Simon Robert A. , Michael Judge Dan H. , Lucero Judge Katherine L. , DeAngelis Judge Guido A.
Published: April 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had, and continues to have, a broad, deep, and pervasive impact on our lives, our work, and how our justice system functions. While it is easy to contemplate the “system” as a massive behemoth that is impervious, impersonal, and impenetrable, the truth is that the “system” is made up of people. The men and women whose work is the building blocks of the justice system are individuals, each with their own narrative, experience, perspective, and role in the administration of justice. To understand the system and the impact of COVID‐19, it is essential to understand the stories of those who work in the system. This article presents the individual and human stories of four professionals whose professional lives are a part of the justice system. Each of these professionals tells their personal story of COVID‐19 and reflects on how the pandemic affected them and their approach to the work that they do.
Family‐Centered Practice in Adult Treatment Courts: What Can We Learn from the Family Treatment Court Best Practice Standards?
Authors: Lloyd Sieger Margaret H. , Cohen Jeri B. , Nano Xholina
Published: April 2021

Estimates suggest that upwards of 50% of participants in adult treatment courts (ATC) are parents. Previous studies point to negative impacts of unmet parenting needs on substance use treatment and criminal justice outcomes, and that family‐centered practices such as parenting classes substantially reduce recidivism among ATC participants. Judges and team members interested in adopting family‐centered practices in their ATC program may be unsure where to begin. One recent source of information regarding evidence‐based, family‐centered practices in treatment court settings is the Family Treatment Court (FTC) Best Practice Standards. The FTC Standards suggest adopting a family‐centered mission, expanding partnerships with child‐ and family‐serving agencies, discussing parenting and family roles during hearings, implementing family‐centered case management, and considering the effect of therapeutic responses on children and families. Building on the ATC Standards, the flexibility inherent in voluntary court programs, and existing community partnerships creates a pathway toward family‐centered practice in criminal settings.
Propensity score‐matched analysis of endoscopic resection for recurrent colorectal neoplasms: A pilot study
Authors: Ohmori Masayasu , Yamasaki Yasushi , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Ishihara Ryu , Okada Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Yoji
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim

Local residual/recurrent colorectal lesions after endoscopic resection (ER) are difficult to treat with conventional ER. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are reportedly effective. We investigated the appropriate indications of ESD and UEMR for recurrent colorectal lesions.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary cancer institute. Patients who underwent UEMR or ESD for residual/recurrent colorectal lesions after ER from October 2013 to February 2019 were enrolled. Propensity score matching was performed between the UEMR and ESD groups to compare the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Results

In total, 30 UEMRs and 21 ESDs were performed. Median (range) diameter of the lesions was 8 mm (2–22 mm) in UEMR and 15 mm (2–58 mm) in ESD. Median procedure time in UEMR was significantly shorter than that of ESD (4 min [2–15 min] vs 70 min [17–193 min], P < 0.001). En bloc and complete resection rates of ESD were significantly higher than that of UEMR (73% vs 100%, 41% vs 81%, respectively). No adverse events occurred with UEMR, but there were two cases (10%) of delayed perforation with ESD. Neither group reported recurrence after treatment. Propensity score‐matched cases showed significantly shorter procedure time and hospitalization period in UEMR than in ESD.

Conclusions

The outcomes of UEMR and ESD were comparable. UEMR could be a useful salvage therapy for small local residual/recurrent colorectal lesions after ER with shorter procedure time and hospitalization period.
Experiential family therapy interventions delivered via telemental health: A qualitative implementation study
Authors: Taylor Nathan C. , Springer Paul R. , Bischoff Richard J. , Smith John P.
Published: April 2021

Telemental health is a ubiquitous form of treatment that has been around for over a half‐century, but there remains minimal research on videoconferencing and relational therapy. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify how telemental health therapists would implement experiential interventions for children, couples, and families. Twelve trainees (n = 12) that participated in a yearlong telemental health practicum were prompted on three experiential interventions to understand how students adapt relational interventions for telemental health delivery. Intervention prompts included couple de‐escalation, family sculpt, and sand tray. Using thematic analysis, five themes emerged to describe the implementation of the interventions: (a) adapting verbal communication skills, (b) grand expressions: adapting nonverbal communication, (c) additional preparations to facilitate interventions, (d) flexibility, and (e) self‐of‐the‐therapist. Study findings, limitations, and clinical implications are discussed in further detail.
Comparison of the psychosocial impact of acne in adolescents and adults; body satisfaction, self‐esteem, and quality of life
Authors: Özkesici Kurt Birgül
Published: April 2021

Background

Dermatological diseases, including acne vulgaris, have significant psychosocial effects on patients.

Aims

To compare body satisfaction, self‐esteem, and quality of life (QoL) in adolescents and adults with acne.

Methods

A total of 192 acne patients (132 female, 60 male; aged 19.42 ± 3.50 years) were included in the study. Global Acne Grading System, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), Turkish Acne Quality of Life Index (TAQoLI), and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) were used. The patients were divided into two groups: under 20 years old (adolescents) and 20 years and above (adults).

Results

The mean RSES score was found as 19.49 ± 5.11, the mean BCS score was 143.95 ± 20.92 and the mean TAQoLI score was 23.44 ± 10.02. There was no difference between adolescents and adults in terms of the mean value of the RSES score, TAQoLI score, and BCS score (p > 0.05). But, the proportion of those whose RSES score is below 15 is higher in patients under 20 years of age (28%) than patients aged 20 and over (14%) (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of body satisfaction was self‐esteem (β = 0.287,p < 0.05), the most important determinants of self‐esteem were body satisfaction (β = 0.208,p < 0.05), QoL (β = −0.398,p < 0.001), and education level (β = 0.245,p = 0.007) and, one of the most important determinant of QoL was self‐esteem (β = −0.403,p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that acne vulgaris negatively affects an individual's body satisfaction, self‐esteem, and QoL. The psychosocial burden of acne is as significant for adults as for adolescents. Body satisfaction, self‐esteem, and QoL are in interaction with each other.
Exosomes derived from human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of dupilumab‐related facial redness in patients with atopic dermatitis: A report of two cases
Authors: Park Kui Young , Han Hye Sung , Park Jae Wan , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Park Gyeong‐Hun , Seo Seong Jun
Published: April 2021

Background

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic, and inflammatory dermatosis that affects approximately 20% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. Dupilumab facial redness is gaining attention as additional cases are coming to light in the medical literature.

Objectives and methods

Exosomes are nano‐sized vesicles that are constantly released by almost all cells. They can travel between cells and transport their cargo (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), making them a possible cell‐free therapeutic option for various diseases. Herein, we investigated whether topical application of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes could reduce dupilumab facial redness in patients with severe atopic dermatitis.

Results

Two patients with atopic dermatitis and refractory dupilumab facial redness were successfully treated with electroporation‐assisted topical application of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes. Six repeated sessions of treatment, with an interval of 1 week between each session, led to marked improvement in erythematous facial lesions.

Conclusions

We suggest that human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes may serve as an effective agent in the management of dupilumab facial redness. However, further controlled studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of this agent, as well as the optimal treatment protocol.
A case of total hysterectomy due to massive maternal bleeding immediately after fetoscopic laser surgery for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Murata Susumu , Matsumoto Ryo , Nishimura Hirotake , Moriya Takuya , Shimoya Koichiro , Sugino Norihiro
Published: April 2021

Twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) complicates approximately 10% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and is associated with almost 90% mortality if left untreated. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) is the first‐line therapy for TTTS, and an overall twin survival rate of 75% and at least one survival rate of 90% have been established. We report a case of TTTS complicated with bleeding from the uterine wall by inserting the procedure after FLP. The patient consequently underwent emergency caesarean section. The bleeding was uncontrollable due to atonic bleeding and emergency hysterectomy was performed. To detect the possibility of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), biochemical blood samples demonstrated that there was no inflow of fetal ingredients in blood vessels of uterine tissue. There was no evidence of damage to any specific vessels by histopathological staining. These findings indicated that the cause of massive bleeding was unlikely to have been AFE. It was concluded that atonic bleeding was likely caused by uncontrollable hemorrhage from an injury lesion where an endoscope had been inserted.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections amongst personnel providing home care services for older persons in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Hassan S. S. , Seigerud Å. , Abdirahman R. , Arroyo Mühr L. S. , Nordqvist Kleppe S. , Pin E. , Månberg A. , Hober S. , Nilsson P. , Engstrand L. , Miriam Elfström K. , Blomqvist J. , Conneryd Lundgren K. , Dillner J.
Published: April 2021

Background

In Sweden, home care services is a major external contact for older persons.

Methods

Five home care service companies in Stockholm, Sweden, enrolled 405 employees to a study including serum IgG to SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in throat swabs.

Results

20.1% (81/403) of employees were seropositive, about twice as many as in a simultaneously enrolled reference population (healthcare workers entirely without patient contact, n = 3671; 9.7% seropositivity). 13/379 employees (3.4%) had a current infection (PCR positivity). Amongst these, 5 were also seropositive and 3 were positive with low amounts of virus. High amounts of virus and no antibodies (a characteristic for presymptomatic COVID‐19) were present in 5 employees (1.3%).

Conclusions

Personnel providing home services for older persons appear to be a risk group for SARS‐CoV‐2. Likely presymptomatic employees can be readily identified by screening. Increased protection of employees and of the older persons they serve is warranted.
The Covid‐19 containment effects of public health measures: A spatial difference‐in‐differences approach
Authors: Kosfeld Reinhold , Mitze Timo , Rode Johannes , Wälde Klaus
Published: April 2021

The paper studies the containment effects of public health measures to curb the spread of Covid‐19 during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020 in Germany. To identify the effects of six compound sets of public health measures, we employ a spatial difference‐in‐differences approach. We find that contact restrictions, mandatory wearing of face masks and closure of schools substantially contributed to flattening the infection curve. The significance of the impact of restaurant closure does not prove to be robust. No incremental effect is evidenced for closure of establishments and the shutdown of nonessential retail stores.
The Impact of State Farm to School Procurement Incentives on School Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Long Abigail B. , Jablonski Becca B. R. , Costanigro Marco , Frasier W. M.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The most recent Farm to School (FTS) Census reported that of the 42% of US schools that participate in FTS, 77% procure food locally. In 2019, Colorado joined many other states in passing legislation that provides per‐meal incentives for purchasing local foods. However, little is known about how these incentives impact procurement decisions of school Food Service Directors (FSDs), and purported benefits of FTS cannot accrue without additional local purchases by school FSDs.

METHODS

We constructed a unique, primary dataset of fresh fruit and vegetable purchases from 18 months of school invoices in 3 Northern Colorado school districts and parameterized an optimization model that mimics FSD decisions. Subsequently, we simulated how procurement is impacted by local food reimbursements.

RESULTS

Assuming 2017 and 2018 purchasing behavior, at $0.05 per meal reimbursement, FSDs would increase fresh fruit and vegetable purchasing by 11‐12% in August‐October, but by only 0‐1% in November‐December, likely due to seasonality constraints.

CONCLUSIONS

While an increase in FTS procurement was expected, the magnitude of the potential increase when aligned with the Colorado growing season is notable. This work underscores that adequately funded reimbursement‐based FTS policies can increase FTS procurement without disrupting normal cost‐minimizing purchasing behavior.
Impact of School Nurse Ratios and Health Services on Selected Student Health and Education Outcomes: North Carolina, 2011‐2016
Authors: Best Nakia C. , Nichols Ann O. , Waller Anna E. , Zomorodi Meg , Pierre‐Louis Bosny , Oppewal Sonda , Travers Debbie
Published: April 2021

Background

Determination of adequate school nurse staffing is a complex process. School nurse‐to‐student ratios and the health services school nurses provide to students should be considered. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of North Carolina school nurse‐to‐student ratios and school nurse health services on the health and education outcomes (eg, absences, grades, self‐management) of students receiving services for asthma and diabetes.

Methods

This study of all 115 school districts in North Carolina used the Annual School Health Services Report Survey from 2011 to 2016. Descriptive statistics for health services, programs and outcomes, and generalized linear modeling were used to estimate the association of ratios and health services with asthma and diabetes outcomes.

Results

By the 2015‐2016 school year, the average ratio decreased to 1:1086 in North Carolina public schools. Annually, 100,187 students received services for asthma, 3832 students received services for type 1 diabetes, and 913 students received services for type 2 diabetes. Lower ratios and nurse health services were associated with improved student outcomes, including decreased absences (p = .05), improved grades (p = .05), and student self‐management of their health condition (p = .05).

Conclusions

Lower school nurse‐to‐student ratios and services were associated with improvements in students' health and education outcomes.
An International Comparison of Factors Related to Long Work Hours1
Authors: Kanai Atsuko , Laurence Gregory A. , Sakata Kiriko , Fujimoto Tetsushi , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Takai Jiro , Suzuki Atsuko , Tak Jinkook
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to examine psychosocial factors related to working long hours, which causes depression, anxiety, and so forth, including karoshi [work to death]. In particular, the issue of working very long hours and its impacts on employees is seen as an urgent issue in Japan, and by clarifying the factors associated with this phenomenon, we aim to contribute to efforts to identify appropriate mitigation measures. We proposed a model of factors related to long work hours from multiple perspectives, and tested it in six countries: China, Finland, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. Data were collected via a web‐based questionnaire survey. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that organizational level variables were related to work hours in all six countries, but individual level variables were related to work hours only in the United States. In addition, only in Japan did the maintenance dimension of leadership affect the extension of working hours. Organization level factors, rather than job or individual level factors, should be considered when establishing measures to prevent employees from working excessively long hours.
A Decade Review of Single‐Case Graph Construction in the Field of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Peltier Corey , Morano Stephanie , Shin Mikyung , Stevenson Nathan , McKenna John W.
Published: April 2021

Single‐case research designs (SCRDs) are rigorous methods used to investigate the effects of interventions on socially important outcomes. A hallmark of SCRDs is repeated measurement of observable behavior presented in time‐series graphs. The construction of time‐series graphs can inflate Type I or Type II errors made via visual analysis. In the current investigation, we included all SCRDs published in four flagship journals in the field of learning disabilities (Journal of Learning Disabilities, Learning Disabilities Quarterly, Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, Journal of Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal) over the last decade. A total of 47 studies including 315 graphs were included. Our findings suggest that ordinate scaling was appropriate across a majority of graphs; graphs, however, did not adhere to recommendations for x:y ratio or DPPXYR.
Conversion from Aranesp® to NESP® in dialysis patients—Exploration of dosing strategies and the feasibility of extending the dosing interval
Authors: Mok Maggie M. Y. , Kwan Lorraine P. Y. , Chan Gary C. W. , Ma Maggie K. M. , Wang Angela Y. M. , Yap Desmond Y. H. , Choy Cindy B. Y. , Tang Sydney C. W. , Chan Tak Mao
Published: April 2021

Aim

Darbepoetin alpha is available as Aranesp® and NESP®, which differ in the inactive component and maximum dose‐strength of prefilled syringes. We conducted an observational cohort study to investigate optimal conversion strategies and the feasibility of extending dosing intervals with higher‐dose preparations in dialysis patients converting from Aranesp® to NESP®.

Methods

Adult dialysis patients on Aranesp® with stable haemoglobin of 9–12 g/dL were converted to NESP® at the same monthly total dose according to one of three conversion regimens. Group A included patients on ≤80 mcg/month of Aranesp® who converted with dosing regimen unchanged. Group B patients converted to NESP® with extended dosing intervals using higher individual dose preparations. Group C were patients on 100 mcg Aranesp® who converted to NESP® 120 mcg with extended dosing intervals. Patients were observed for 6 months.

Results

Fifty patients were included. All 24 Group A patients maintained stable haemoglobin. In Group B, 10 patients (50%) maintained stable haemoglobin with extension of dosing interval from 1.04 ± 0.14 to 3.03 ± 1.28 weeks. Factors associated with success in extending dosing interval included a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease and a higher Kt/Vurea in peritoneal dialysis patients. Four patients (80%) in Group C maintained stable haemoglobin after conversion to NESP® 120 mcg with extended dosing interval. The use of NESP® 120 mcg was well tolerated, and was associated with reduced patient‐reported pain score and 38% reduction of drug cost.

Conclusion

Dialysis patients on Aranesp® can be successfully converted to NESP® and the dosing interval can be extended successfully in a significant proportion of patients, which could reduce discomfort and drug cost.
Fructose intolerance is not associated with malabsorption in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Clive , Lee Sze Han , Olesen Søren Schou , Low Jing Yi , Kioh Dorinda Yan Qin , Ferraris Ronaldo , Materna Andrea , Chan Eric Chun Yong
Published: April 2021

Background

Symptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and are generally attributed to intestinal malabsorption. The relationships between absorption, symptoms, and intestinal gas production following fructose ingestion were studied in patients with FGID.

Methods

Thirty FGID patients ingested a single dose of fructose 35 g or water in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. Blood and breath gas samples were collected, and gastrointestinal symptoms rated. Plasma fructose metabolites and short‐chain fatty acids were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were classified as fructose intolerant or tolerant based on symptoms following fructose ingestion.

Key Results

The median (IQR) areas under the curve of fructose plasma concentrations within the first 2 h (AUC0–2 h) after fructose ingestion were similar for patients with and without fructose intolerance (578 (70) µM·h vs. 564 (240) µM·h, respectively, p = 0.39), as well as for the main fructose metabolites. There were no statistically significant correlations between the AUC0–2 h of fructose or its metabolites concentrations and the AUCs of symptoms, breath hydrogen, and breath methane. However, the AUCs of symptoms correlated significantly and positively with the AUC0–2 h of hydrogen and methane breath concentrations (r = 0.73, r = 0.62, respectively), and the AUCs of hydrogen and methane concentrations were greater in the fructose‐intolerant than in the fructose‐tolerant patients after fructose ingestion (p ≤ 0.02).

Conclusions & Inferences

Fructose intolerance in FGID is not related to post‐ingestion plasma concentrations of fructose and its metabolites. Factors other than malabsorption, such as altered gut microbiota or sensory function, may be important mechanisms.
Dynamic larval dispersal can mediate the response of marine metapopulations to multiple climate change impacts
Authors: Bani Ridouan , Marleau Justin , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Daigle Rémi M. , Guichard Frédéric
Published: April 2021

Climate change is having multiple impacts on marine species characterized by sedentary adult and pelagic larval phases, from increasing adult mortality to changes in larval duration and ocean currents. Recent studies have shown impacts of climate change on species persistence through direct effects on individual survival and development, but few have considered the indirect effects mediated by ocean currents and species traits such as pelagic larval duration. We used a density‐dependent and stochastic metapopulation model to predict how changes in adult mortality and dynamic connectivity can affect marine metapopulation stability. We analyzed our model with connectivity data simulated from a biophysical ocean model of the northeast Pacific coast forced under current (1998–2007) and future (2068–2077) climate scenarios in combination with scenarios of increasing adult mortality and decreasing larval duration. Our results predict that changes of ocean currents and larval duration mediated by climate change interact in complex and opposing directions to shape local mortality and metapopulation connectivity with synergistic effects on regional metapopulation stability: while species with short larval duration are most sensitive to temperature‐driven reduction in larval duration, the response of species with longer larval duration are mostly mediated by changes in both the mean and variance of larval connectivity driven by ocean currents. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the spatiotemporal structure of connectivity in order to predict how the multiple effects of climate change will impact marine populations.
Factors affecting nurses' intention to accept the COVID‐19 vaccine: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rabi Razan , Maraqa Beesan , Nazzal Zaher , Zink Therese
Published: April 2021

Objective

To measure COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and related factors to undercover nurses' concerns and fears.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Sample

The study included 639 nurses; 83% were women and 80% under 50 years.

Measurement

A self‐administered questionnaire was used. It included demographic characteristics, COVID‐19‐related fears and concerns, COVID‐19 vaccine perceived benefits, and intention toward getting the vaccine.

Results

Forty percent of the nurses planned to get the vaccine when available, 41% would take it later when adequate protection and safety were presented, and 18% would never take it. Significant factors associated with vaccination intention were as follows: age (adjusted OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02–1.99); lack of knowledge about the vaccine (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.81–3.8); concern about long‐term side effects (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9); fear of injection (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.04–2.13); natural immunity preference (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 4.5–8.3); media misrepresentation (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4); and getting COVID‐19 from the vaccine (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1).

Conclusion

COVID‐19 vaccine safety and side‐effects concerns impact nurses' intentions to accept the vaccine and may result in low acceptance rates. Urgent action is needed to address these fears and raise confidence, as nurses' vaccine‐related decisions can affect the public's vaccine acceptance.
Prevalence of strongyloidiasis among cardiothoracic organ transplant candidates in a non‐endemic region: A single‐center experience with universal screening
Authors: Kottkamp Angelica C. , Filardo Thomas D. , Holzman Robert S. , Aguero‐Rosenfeld Maria , Neumann Henry J. , Mehta Sapna A.
Published: April 2021

Disseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome can cause significant morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Screening and treatment prior to transplantation can reduce or prevent this disease. Targeted screening of transplant candidates based on assessed risk, fails to identify all who would benefit. We implemented universal serology‐based screening for Strongyloides at our transplant center, located in a non‐endemic area. Of 200 transplant candidates who were evaluated for cardiothoracic transplant from January 2018 to June 2019, 169 were screened serologically and 21 (12.4%) were seropositive. Among seropositive patients, 57% reported travel to an endemic region, 38% were born outside the USA, 38% had eosinophilia, and 5% had history of gram‐negative bacteremia. We estimate that universal screening for strongyloidiasis could identify an average of 17 additional candidates for preventive treatment for every 200 transplant candidates.
Impact of Inelastic Seismic Design Using Elastic–Plastic Pipe Supports on Vibration Response of Piping Systems
Authors: Maekawa Akira , Takahashi Tsuneo
Published: April 2021

This study presents the response mitigation effect of piping systems by inelastic seismic design based on elastic–plastic property of steel pipe supports. The inelastic seismic design to control vibration by absorbing energy using elastic–plastic properties of materials can be one of useful ideas. The design idea to use the elastic–plastic behavior of pipe supports is addressed in Technical Code for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants (JEAC4601) published by the Japan Electric Association in Japan. Here, the component named an elastic–plastic pipe support is proposed as an energy-absorbing element. However, in order to put the inelastic seismic design using the elastic–plastic pipe supports into practical use, it is necessary to accumulate more findings related to the seismic response and the application range. This study aims to investigate the applicability of the inelastic seismic design taking the elastic–plastic pipe supports in the piping systems and to increase the basic findings. In this study, the seismic response analysis using three-dimensional piping system with an elastic–plastic pipe support was conducted. As a result, it was found that the elastic–plastic pipe support affected the seismic response largely. Additionally, the vibration characteristics, the response acceleration, and the load generated in the piping system were discussed relating to the plastic deformation and the plasticity rate of the elastic–plastic pipe support.
Burst Pressure of Glass Fiber Tape Reinforced Polyethylene Pipes With Interlayer Delamination Defect
Authors: Shi Jianfeng , Ge Zhoutian , Ni Zhenlei , Zheng Jinyang
Published: April 2021

Glass fiber tape reinforced polyethylene (GFTRP) pipes are widely used for the transportation of oil and high-pressure gas due to their good load-bearing capacity and environmental compatibility. Delamination defect is one of the most common defects of GFTRP pipes during manufacturing and service (Jones et al., “Delamination Growth in Polymer-Matrix Fibre Composites and the Use of Fracture Mechanics Data for Material Characterisation and Life Prediction,” Compos. Struct., 2017. 180, 316–333). This paper investigates the load-bearing capacity of GFTRP pipe with interlayer delamination defect in between glass fiber tapes, via a combined experimental and numerical method. In burst experiments, GFTRP pipes with layup of [±55 deg]12 were prepared with artificial delamination defects set in between sixth and seventh plies. In numerical model, progressive damage model and cohesive element method were used to analyze the failure of GFTRP pipe with interlayer delamination defect. Results showed that interlayer delamination defect would reduce the burst pressure of GFTRP pipes. Different defect widths and their axial locations had different reduction effects on burst pressure, and the predicted results from numerical model showed good consistency with experimental results. Ultimately, the influence of defect width and location on the burst pressure of GFTRP pipe was discussed in detail.
Temperature-driven seasonal and longer term changes in spatially averaged deep ocean ambient sound at frequencies 63–125 Hz
Authors: Ainslie Michael A. , Andrew Rex K. , Howe Bruce M. , Mercer James A.
Published: April 2021

The soundscape of the Northeast Pacific Ocean is studied with emphasis on frequencies in the range 63–125 Hz. A 34-year (1964–1998) increase and seasonal fluctuations (1994–2006) are investigated. This is achieved by developing a simple relationship between the total radiated power of all ocean sound sources and the spatially averaged mean-square sound pressure in terms of the average source factor, source depth, and sea surface temperature (SST). The formula so derived is used to predict fluctuations in the sound level in the range 63–125 Hz with an amplitude of 1.2 dB and a period of 1 year associated with seasonal variations in the SST, which controls the amount of sound energy trapped in the sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. Also investigated is an observed 5 dB increase in the same frequency range in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during the late 20th century [Andrew, Howe, Mercer, and Dzieciuch (2002). ARLO 3, 65–70]. The increase is explained by the increase in the total number of ocean-going ships and their average gross tonnage.
Sensitivity analysis of pinna morphology on head-related transfer functions simulated via a parametric pinna model
Authors: Stitt Peter , Katz Brian F. G.
Published: April 2021

The head-related transfer function (HRTF) defines the acoustic path from a source to the two ears of a listener in a manner that is highly dependent on direction. This directional dependence arises from the highly individual morphology of the pinna, which results in complex reflections and resonances. While this notion is generally accepted, there has been little research on the importance of different structural elements of the pinna on the HRTF. A parametric three-dimensional ear model was used to investigate the changes in shape of the pinna in a systematic manner with a view to determining important contributing morphological parameters that can be used for HRTF individualization. HRTFs were simulated using the boundary element method. The analysis comprised objective comparisons between the directional transfer function and diffuse field component. The mean spectral distortion was used for global evaluation of HRTF similarity across all simulated positions. A perceptual localization model was used to determine correspondences between perceptual cues and objective parameters. A reasonable match was found between the modelled perceptual results and the mean spectral distortion. Modifications to the shape of the concha were found to have an important impact on the HRTF, as did those in proximity to the triangular fossa. Furthermore, parameters that control the relief of the pinna were found to be at least as important as more frequently cited side-facing parameters, highlighting limitations in previous morphological/HRTF studies.
Cyclic di-AMP Oversight of Counter-Ion Osmolyte Pools Impacts Intrinsic Cefuroxime Resistance in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Pham Huong Thi , Shi Wen , Xiang Yuwei , Foo Su Yi , Plan Manuel R. , Courtin Pascal , Chapot-Chartier Marie-Pierre , Smid Eddy J. , Liang Zhao-Xun , Marcellin Esteban , Turner Mark S.
Published: April 2021

The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a global regulator of potassium homeostasis and compatible solute uptake in many Gram-positive bacteria, making it essential for osmoregulation. The role that c-di-AMP plays in β-lactam resistance, however, is unclear despite being first identified a decade ago.
Early Emergence and Long-Term Persistence of HIV-Infected T-Cell Clones in Children
Authors: Bale Michael J. , Katusiime Mary Grace , Wells Daria , Wu Xiaolin , Spindler Jonathan , Halvas Elias K. , Cyktor Joshua C. , Wiegand Ann , Shao Wei , Cotton Mark F. , Hughes Stephen H. , Mellors John W. , Coffin John M. , Van Zyl Gert U. , Kearney Mary F.
Published: April 2021

HIV-1 integrates its genome into the DNA of host cells. Consequently, HIV-1 genomes are copied with the host cell DNA during cellular division.
Children with Autism and Their Typically Developing Siblings Differ in Amplicon Sequence Variants and Predicted Functions of Stool-Associated Microbes
Authors: David Maude M. , Tataru Christine , Daniels Jena , Schwartz Jessey , Keating Jessica , Hampton-Marcell Jarrad , Gottel Neil , Gilbert Jack A. , Wall Dennis P.
Published: April 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which now affects 1 in 59 children in the United States, is known to have comorbidity with gut disorders of a variety of types; however, the link to the microbiome remains poorly characterized. Recent work has provided compelling evidence to link the gut microbiome to the autism phenotype in mouse models, but identification of specific taxa associated with autism has suffered replicability issues in humans.
Fecal Microbiome Transplantation from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Modulates Tryptophan and Serotonergic Synapse Metabolism and Induces Altered Behaviors in Germ-Free Mice
Authors: Xiao Lu , Yan Junyan , Yang Ting , Zhu Jiang , Li Tingyu , Wei Hong , Chen Jie
Published: April 2021

The relationship between the gut microbiota and ASD is not yet fully understood. Numerous studies have focused on the differences in intestinal microbial and metabolism profiles between TD and ASD children.
Bacterial Microcompartments Coupled with Extracellular Electron Transfer Drive the Anaerobic Utilization of Ethanolamine in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Zeng Zhe , Boeren Sjef , Bhandula Varaang , Light Samuel H. , Smid Eddy J. , Notebaart Richard A. , Abee Tjakko
Published: April 2021

Listeria monocytogenes
is a foodborne pathogen causing severe illness, and as such, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathogenicity. One carbon source that allows
L. monocytogenes
to grow in humans is ethanolamine (EA), which is derived from phospholipids present in eukaryotic cell membranes.
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient who is immunocompromised in the setting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Yaqoob Hamid , Munawar Muhammad Mohsin , Salih Omer , Deonarine Anand
Published: April 2021

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection first described in 1892. More than 95% of annual cases occur in Arizona and California. It is an opportunistic infection (OI) transmitted via inhalation of airborne spores (arthroconidia) and rarely via percutaneous inoculation into a tissue or solid organ transplantation in patients who are immunocompromised and with HIV. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of OIs has markedly reduced; however, OIs continue to occur, particularly in patients who present late for medical care or delay ART initiation. In rare cases, immunodeficient individuals may experience a paradoxical worsening or unmasking of OI symptoms, known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present a case of a 31-year-old man with disseminated coccidioidomycosis affecting the spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, bone marrow, and adrenals who developed IRIS after the initiation of ART.
Multimodal management of locally advanced rhabdoid tumour of the kidney in an adult
Authors: Goel Ritesh , Panaiyadiyan Sridhar , Nayak Brusabhanu , Singh Prabhjot
Published: April 2021

Malignant rhabdoid tumours of the kidney (MRTK) are rare paediatric tumours known for their aggressive nature and early metastasis. However, MRTK in adults are even more rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of 65-year-old woman with rapidly progressive left renal mass requiring en-bloc radical nephrectomy, splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. Histopathology revealed a malignant rhabdoid tumour with characteristic histological and immunohistochemical findings with negative margins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of aggressive surgical management of locally advanced MRTK. Despite surgery with curative intent, the patient developed early recurrence and started on tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Unfortunately, the patient expired after 8 months of surgery due to disease progression.
Minimally invasive management of traumatic biliary fistula in the setting of gastric bypass
Authors: Mounsey Molly , Martinolich Jessica , Olutola Olatoye , Tafen Marcel
Published: April 2021

The current management of persistent biliary fistula includes biliary stenting and peritoneal drainage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is preferred over percutaneous techniques and surgery. However, in patients with modified gastric anatomy, ERCP may not be feasible without added morbidity. We describe a 37-year-old woman with traumatic biliary fistula, large volume choleperitonitis and abdominal compartment syndrome following a motor vehicle collision who was treated with laparoscopic drainage, lavage and biliary drain placement via percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
Takotsubo syndrome unmasking malignant coronary artery anomaly in a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome: Expanding definitions of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Kundapur Deeksha , Nosib Siddarth , Nosib Shravan
Published: April 2021

The simultaneous occurrence of Takotsubo syndrome, congenital coronary artery anomaly and severe coronary artery disease is a rare clinical triad. This case report highlights the intricacies of management of this ‘triple jeopardy’ scenario.