bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI MAKANAN JAJANAN YANG MENGANDUNG BORAKS RADIUS SATU KILOMETER UNIVERSITAS RESPATI YOGYAKARTA KAMPUS 2
Authors: Swaninda Nareswara Angelina
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang : Makanan jajanan merupakan hal yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat, karena harga relatif murah, memiliki cita rasa yang enak dan juga mudah untuk didapatkan. Meskipun makanan jajanan memiliki keunggulan, akan tetapi bisa berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan apabila makanan jajanan terkontaminasi oleh mikroba akibat penanganan yang tidak higIenis dan penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Makanan (BTM) yang tidak diizinkan, salah satunya boraksTujuan : Mengetahui ada atau tidaknya kandungan boraks pada makanan jajanan yang dijual radius 1 km dari Umiversitas Respati Kampus 2 Yogyakarta.Metode Peneltian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan rancangan deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah semua makanan jajanan yang dijual radius 1 km dari Kampus 2 Universitas Repati, Jalan Tajem, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman Yogyakarta. Uji Laboratorium Analisis Kandungan Boraks dilaksanakan di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Dan   Pengujian Alat Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa TengahHasil : Sampel makanan jajanan yang diteliti sebanyak 6 sampel. Hasil uji boraks yang dilakukan menyatakan keenam sampel negative kandungan boraksnya.Kesimpulan : Makanan jajanan yang dijual disekitar Kampus 2 Respati Yogyakarta Radius 1 Kilometer tidak ada yang mengandung boraks dan aman untuk dikonsumsi.Kata Kunci : Makanan jajanan; boraks
GAMBARAN GANGGUAN TIDUR PASIEN YANG BERKUNJUNG DI POSKO KESEHATAN UNRIYO DI HUNTARA BALAROA, PALU, SULAWASI TENGAH TAHUN 2018
Authors: Khairul Imam J. Nugrahaningtyas W. Utami,
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang, Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan terhadap bencana gempa bumi, tsunami dan letusan gunung berapi. Akibat daerah bencana maka dapat menimbulkan krisis kesehatan, yang artinya akan timbul korban massal, konsentrasi pengungsian, masalah pangan dan gizi, masalah ketersediaan air bersih, masalah sanitasi lingkungan, terganggunya pengawasan vektor penyakit menular, lumpuhnya pelayanan kesehatan, masalah post traumatic stress, kelangkaan tenaga kesehatan, maupun diskoordinasi. Selain itu bencana akan berdampak pada peningkatan kewaspadaan yang memberikan gejala sulit tidur, atau sulit mempertahankan tidur, sulit berkonsentrasi, waspada perlebihan, respon terkejut yang berlebih termasuk meningkatnya reaktivitas fisiologi dengan gejala ketegangan (hyperarousal).Tujuan Penelitian, untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pasien yang mengalami gangguan tidur setelah masa tanggap darurat berakhir dan tinggal di hunian sementara BalaroaMetode Penelitian,  dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif, dan dengan pendekatan cross sectional sampling  dengan pendekatan accidental sampling, pengambilan sampel dengan cara wawancara dengan panduan kuesioner pada tanggal 1-3 November 2018 di posko kesehatan UNRIYO, Huntara Balaroa, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah.Instrumen penelitian dengan menggunakan kuesioner.Analisis data deskriptif dengan menggunakan prosentase.Hasil, Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebagian besar 25 (83,33%) responden tidak mengalami gangguan tidur sedangkan 5 (16,67%) responden lainnya mengalami gangguan tidur.Simpulan, Gangguan tidur tidak dialami responden setelah masa tanggap darurat berakhir dan tinggal di hunian sementara Balaroa Kata kunci : karakteristik, PSTD, gangguan tidur
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH PEPINO (Solanum Muricatum Ait) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Esherichia coli
Authors: Edi Kamal Sainal , Tiara Desi Lara
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksperimen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli yang ditunjukkan oleh pembentukkan zona hambatatau zona bening pada media pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Penelitian inidi laksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Akademi Farmasi Sandi Karsa Makassar pada bulan Maret 2019 dengan menggunakan metode maserasi, 3 replika dan 3 konsentrasi yaitu 5%, 10% dan 15%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum) pada konsentrasi 5% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,3 mm, 10% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,5 mm dan 15% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,7 mm dengan zona hambat optimum yaitu pada konsentrasi 15% dengan zona hambat 11,7 mm.
Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation
Authors: Wrana Dominik , Cieślik Karol , Belza Wojciech , Rodenbücher Christian , Szot Krzysztof , Krok Franciszek
Published: August 2019

Controlling the work function of transition metal oxides is of key importance with regard to future energy production and storage. As the majority of applications involve the use of heterostructures, the most suitable characterization technique is Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), which provides excellent energetic and lateral resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate precise characterization of the work function using the example of artificially formed crystalline titanium monoxide (TiO) nanowires on strontium titanate (SrTiO3) surfaces, providing a sharp atomic interface. The measured value of 3.31(21) eV is the first experimental work function evidence for a cubic TiO phase, where significant variations among the different crystallographic facets were also observed. Despite the remarkable height of the TiO nanowires, KPFM was implemented to achieve a high lateral resolution of 15 nm, which is close to the topographical limit. In this study, we also show the unique possibility of obtaining work function and conductivity maps on the same area by combining noncontact and contact modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM). As most of the real applications require ambient operating conditions, we have additionally checked the impact of air venting on the work function of the TiO/SrTiO3(100) heterostructure, proving that surface reoxidation occurs and results in a work function increase of 0.9 eV and 0.6 eV for SrTiO3 and TiO, respectively. Additionally, the influence of adsorbed surface species was estimated to contribute 0.4 eV and 0.2 eV to the work function of both structures. The presented method employing KPFM and local conductivity AFM for the characterization of the work function of transition metal oxides may help in understanding the impact of reduction and oxidation on electronic properties, which is of high importance in the development of effective sensing and catalytic devices.
Nanopatterns of arylene–alkynylene squares on graphite: self-sorting and intercalation
Authors: Keller Tristan J , Bahr Joshua , Gratzfeld Kristin , Schönfelder Nina , Majewski Marcin A , Stępień Marcin , Höger Sigurd , Jester Stefan-S
Published: August 2019

Supramolecular nanopatterns of arylene–alkynylene squares with side chains of different lengths are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid/liquid interface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Self-sorting leads to the intermolecular interdigitation of alkoxy side chains of identical length. Voids inside and between the squares are occupied by intercalated solvent molecules, which numbers depend on the sizes and shapes of the nanopores. In addition, planar and non-planar coronoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., butyloxy-substituted kekulene and octulene derivatives) are found to be able to intercalate into the intramolecular nanopores.
V348 And and V572 Per: Bright Triple Systems with Eccentric Eclipsing Binaries*
Authors: Zasche P. , Uhlař R. , Svoboda P. , Juryšek J. , Korčáková D. , Wolf M. , Šlechta M. , Kotková L.
Published: August 2019

The eclipsing binaries are still important objects for our understanding of the universe. Especially these ones located within the more complex multiple systems can help us solving the problem of their origin and subsequent evolution of these higher order multiples. Photometry and spectroscopy spanning over more than 25 yr were used for the first complete analysis of the two bright triple systems, namely V348 And and V572 Per. The light curves in photometric filters were combined together with the radial velocities and analyzed simultaneously, yielding the precise physical parameters of the eclipsing components of these multiple systems. The system V348 And consists of two eclipsing components with its orbital period of about 27.7 days. The system is a very detached one, and both eclipses are rather narrow, lasting only about 0.016 of its period. The visual orbit of the wide pair has the period of about 87 yr. All three components of the system are probably of B8-9 spectral type, and the parallax of the system was slightly shifted to the value of 2.92 mas. On the other hand, the system V572 Per shows apsidal motion of its inner orbit, the orbital period being of about 1.2 days, while the apsidal motion of about 48 yr. The components are of A and F spectral types, while the motion with the third component around a common barycenter is only negligible. According to our modeling, this system is not a member of open cluster Alpha Persei.
Effects of Turbulence Driving and Sonic Mach Number on the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi Method
Authors: Yoon Heesun , Cho Jungyeon
Published: August 2019

The Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method is a tool that is widely used to obtain the strength of the mean magnetic field projected on the plane of the sky. However, it may overestimate the strength of the magnetic field when there are many independent structures (or, eddies) along the line of sight. Recently, Cho & Yoo proposed a modified DCF method that corrects such an effect. In this paper, we compare the conventional DCF method and the modified DCF method for various sonic Mach numbers and driving schemes. We find that, when we apply the conventional DCF method to turbulence generated by solenoidal and compressive driving schemes, the results are notably different. In particular, when there are many independent eddies along the line of sight, the estimates of the plane-of-sky mean magnetic field for compressive driving show strong dependence on the sonic Mach number, while those for solenoidal driving exhibit a very weak dependence on it. We find that intermittency of magnetic and density structures is responsible for the sonic Mach number dependence of the conventional DCF method. On the other hand, the modified DCF does not show strong dependence on the sonic Mach number or the driving scheme.
High- and Low-α Disk Stars Separate Dynamically at All Ages
Authors: Gandhi Suroor S , Ness Melissa K
Published: August 2019

There is a dichotomy in the Milky Way in the [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane, in which stars fall into high-α and low-α sequences. The high-α sequence comprises mostly old stars, and the low-α sequence comprises primarily young stars. The origin of this dichotomy is uncertain. To better understand how the high- and low-α stars are affiliated, we examine if the high- and low-α sequences have distinct orbits at all ages, or if age sets the orbital properties of stars irrespective of their α-enhancement. Orbital actions J

R
, J

z
, and J

ϕ
(or L

z
) are our labels of stellar dynamics. We use ages for 58,278 Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) stars (measured to a precision of 40%) within ≤2 kpc of the Sun and we calculate orbital actions from proper motions and parallaxes given by Gaia’s DR2. We find that at all ages, the high- and low-α sequences are dynamically distinct. This implies separate formation and evolutionary histories for the two sequences; a star’s membership in the high- or low-α sequence indicates its dynamical properties at a given time. We use action space to make an efficient selection of halo stars and subsequently report a group of old, low-α stars in the halo, which may be a discrete population from an infall event.
Landry, Fuster et les politiques démographiques en France durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Théories, controverses et débats
Authors: Brée Sandra
Published: August 2019

À travers le prisme d’Adolphe Landry et d’Édouard Fuster, sensibles aux questions sociales, et notamment à la protection de la famille, c’est le contexte démographique, social et politique autour de la famille durant l’entre-deux-guerres que cet article tente de brosser. Landry est une figure centrale des milieux intéressés à la population et s’inscrit dans un espace intermédiaire entre le monde savant et le monde politique. Cette position pose la question de l’articulation entre les comportements démographiques de la population française, les analyses scientifiques afférentes, les réactions provoquées par la peur de la dénatalité et de la dépopulation et enfin les réponses politiques proposées, à laquelle cet article tentera de répondre en centrant le propos sur l’entre-deux-guerres.
Luc Boltanski et Jean-Claude Chamboredon, sous la direction de Pierre Bourdieu, La banque et sa clientèle. Éléments d’une sociologie du crédit (1963)
Authors: Ducourant Hélène , Lazarus Jeanne
Published: August 2019

En 1963, Luc Boltanski et Jean-Claude Chamboredon, sous la direction de Pierre Bourdieu, enquêtent sur la façon dont une grande banque française octroie des crédits immobiliers. La pratique est nouvelle. Comment les emprunteurs potentiels sont-ils reçus ? Comment comprennent-ils ce qui se passe ? Comment la banque organise-t-elle cette socialisation au crédit et quelles transformations des pratiques et des morales de l’argent doit-on en attendre ? Cet article présente le contexte de l’enquête et ses résultats principaux avant de retranscrire des extraits du rapport relatant la rencontre entre les clients et les réceptionnistes puis des analyses des auteurs sur les rapports différenciés des clients aux prêts bancaires selon leur catégorie sociale.
De la « bonne gestion » à la « performance ». Transformation des modes de pilotage étatique et recomposition du pouvoir des dirigeants universitaires de 1998 à 2011
Authors: Mignot-Gérard Stéphanie
Published: August 2019

Le texte rend compte des transformations du pouvoir des dirigeants des universités françaises dans une perspective longitudinale. Il s’appuie sur une étude du gouvernement des universités menée à la fin des années 1990, puis reconduite en 2009, soit deux ans après la mise en place de la loi pour les libertés et responsabilités des universités. Il mobilise également les données recueillies lors d’enquêtes sur la gestion des réponses apportées au premier appel à projets LabEx par deux universités. Il montre que l’évolution du pouvoir des dirigeants des universités françaises au cours de ces deux dernières décennies est ambivalente. Leur position de marginal-sécant entre l’État et la profession a été consolidée. Leur pouvoir décisionnel au sein de leurs établissements s’est affirmé. Mais le contenu de leurs décisions est désormais étroitement prescrit par les normes sous-jacentes aux politiques d’excellence et aux instruments de pilotage par la performance mis en place par l’État.
Ce qu’évaluer veut dire : les réformes de l’évaluation scientifique entre logiques universitaires et logiques néo-managériales (2007-2011)
Authors: Gozlan Clémentine
Published: August 2019

En 2007, les pouvoirs publics créèrent une nouvelle Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (AÉRES). Alors que celle-ci a été vivement critiquée par une partie de la communauté académique, certains scientifiques s’y sont investis. En faisant ressortir les raisons de cet engagement, cet article offre un éclairage intime sur les transformations de l’évaluation par les pairs et les façons légitimes d’exercer le métier de chercheur. Dressant le portrait des scientifiques qui relaient ces réformes, l’article revisite la ligne de fracture entre logiques néo-managériales et logiques professionnelles, en montrant comment des universitaires promeuvent un contrôle accru des pratiques de leurs collègues.
Triad Mentoring Model: Framing an Academic–Clinical Partnership Practicum
Authors: Dolan Diana Martinez , Willson Pamela
Published: August 2019

Background:

The triad mentoring model was developed to frame the implementation of innovative student-centered academic–clinical partnerships for online graduate students in nursing leadership and administration practicums.

Method:

The nurse leader and faculty member jointly mentored each student to achieve the academic program's objectives through clinical learning experiences that were relevant and important to the clinical organization. Partnerships with nurse leaders within the student's locality were sought, and capstone practicum projects were developed and implemented during four courses.

Results:

Both formative and summative results were obtained from all members of the triad team throughout the practicum courses. The processes undertaken to establish, implement, and evaluate the student-centered academic–clinical partnerships identified project modifications throughout the course of study.

Conclusion:

Implementation of the triad mentoring model created academic–clinical partnerships that promoted a fusion of evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and clinical knowledge that produced positive outcomes for the health care setting and student learner.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(8):463–467.]
Optical absorption by incoherent and coherent ensembles of spin excitations in an unpolarised quantum Hall system
Authors: Dickmann Sergey M.
Published: August 2019

In connection with recent studies of extremely long-living spin-cyclotron excitations that are actually magnetoexcitons in the quantum Hall electron gas, we discuss the contribution to light absorption related to the presence of a magnetoexcitonic ensemble in this purely electronic system. The distribution of magnetoexcitons in an ‘incoherent’ phase, as well as absorption of light, is determined by a smooth random potential inevitably present in a quantum well. Since weakly interacting excitations have to obey the Bose–Einstein statistics, one may expect the appearance of a coherent phase where all magnetoexcitons are in the same state. The absorption of light is still determined by disorder in the system, but it turns out to be about an order of magnitude higher. A comparative analysis is made of both incoherent and coherent cases. The condition for coherent–incoherent phase transition is discussed. It is expected to be strongly related to long-distance inter-excitonic correlations. The latter are accounted in terms of virial correction (i.e. depending on magnetoexciton concentration) for the single magnetoexciton energy found within the approximation of a slightly non-ideal gas.
Toughened Chitosan Composite Nanofiltration Membrane by Introduction of Acrylic Acid
Authors: Mu Tao
Published: August 2019

In this paper, acrylic acid was grafted to chitosan in order to change the structure; polymer was obtained from modified chitosan. A series of novel toughened composite NF memebranes were prepared by over-coating the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with the polymer of modified chitosan. The chitosan derivatives and the polymer were characterised by infrared spectrophotometer (IR); the structure of the membrane was characrerised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The composite NF membrane’s performances were strictly related to the structure of polymer. The rejection of the membrane was 96.3% with flux as high as 386.46 L m-2 h-1 with the 1000 mg/L of NaCl. Tensile strength of membrane increased 46%. The HCl (5%) resistance increased from 20.3 to 36.8h. The NaOH (5%) resistance increased from 18.3 to 31.6h. These results indicated the prepared toughened composite NF memebrane was excellent NF membrane, which had a wide application prospect.
Adsorption and Diffusion of Lithium in Doped Molybdenum Disulfide Single-Layer with Metal Substituted Sulfur Atom
Authors: Sun Xiao Li , Wang Zhi Guo
Published: August 2019

Considering the S-vacancy defect in single-layer MoS2, the metal doped including Fe-, Co-, Cu-, Zn-, doped specimens in MoS2single-layer and their effect of the adsorption and diffusion of Li on the MoS2single-layer were investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Under Mo-rich condition, the Fe-, Co-, Cu-, Zn-doped specimens by substitution of S atom have smaller formation energy than those under S-rich condition. For doped MoS2single-layer, lithium donates electron to doped specimens, making the band level of the doped specimens downward into the valence band and the Fermi energy level further upward. The Li ion has positive charge, the ion adsorptive property was enhanced because of strong coulomb interaction. These are confirmed by the large adsorption energies (-1.11 ~ -0.44 eV). The diffusion energy barriers except for the path closest doped specimens by substitution of S atom are ~ 0.25, which are similar to that of pristine one. Above all, the metal doped by substitution of S atom MoS2single-layer are promising anode materials of LIBs.
Criteria for managing audiometric data in occupational hearing conservation
Authors: Delaney Calum M.
Published: August 2019

Hearing conservation programmes usually include hearing testing, although it is not always clear whether the aim of such testing is to identify individuals with a hearing disability, or those who show evidence of having been affected by noise. The requirements for hearing testing in both cases relate to three main considerations: the choice of frequencies at which hearing is assessed; the way in which this threshold data is quantified or otherwise managed; and whether this index is compared to some static limit, or to the individual's own baseline audiogram to assess hearing change. Central to the assessment of hearing for the purpose of identifying individuals at risk for noise-induced hearing loss is a measure that is both sensitive and specific to the effects of noise. A case is made for a choice of frequencies around 4000 Hz, the substitution of hearing loss configuration for the three-frequency average, and an emphasis on hearing change rather than status as a means of interpreting audiometric data for hearing conservation purposes.
Community based education in speech pathology and audiology at the University of Durban-Westville
Authors: Jager Glen W.
Published: August 2019

In South Africa there is increasing awareness both in academic and clinical domains of the inadequacy of education and training of health personnel, in preparing graduates to meet the service needs of the disadvantaged majority. A feasibility study is reported in which the regular curriculum of final year speech, language therapy/audiology students was adapted to provide a more relevant, more appropriate learning experience. This comprised a community based action research programme in a Zulu peri-rural community. A qualitative critical analysis of the project is presented, in an attempt to identify factors that could be likely to hinder and promote the greatly needed process of curriculum transformation within the university; and in the process of strengthening the role that the university can play in meeting the needs of the community it serves.
The masking property of the auditory system: The masking of speech signals
Authors: Hanekom Johan J.
Published: August 2019

The masking property of the auditory system is well known in the context of two-tone masking. For complex (speech) signals, the effects of masking are less well known. This paper explores the masking of speech signals, by calculating which parts of the speech signal is inaudible because of masking. The theory for the masking of one tone by another is expanded, to establish an equation for the masking threshold. This masking threshold takes into account the masking of each frequency component on all other frequency components. Speech is then synthesized in which the supposedly inaudible parts of the speech signal are discarded, and the effects are evaluated in a very simple psychoacoustic experiment. It is shown that the information below the masking threshold is indeed redundant.
Nonspeaking children in schools for children with severe mental disabilities in the greater Pretoria area: Implications for speech-language therapists
Authors: Bornman Juan , Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to describe children enrolled in registered schools for children with severe mental disabilities in the greater Pretoria area in order to compile a profile of nonspeaking children. Emphasis was placed on the prevalence of nonspeaking children as well as on their functioning in different skill areas in order to assess the need for service delivery. Two questionnaires were developed; the first for obtaining biographical data from teachers; the second for obtaining information on the communication and related abilities of children between 3-12 years. The particular teachers completed the questionnaires in conjunction with fieldworkers. Results indicated a high prevalence (38%) of nonspeaking children in schools for children with severe mental disabilities in the Pretoria area and also indicated that they were a heterogeneous group regarding communication and related abilities. This survey was the first step in determining prevalence and describing nonspeaking children in schools for children with severe mental disabilities in South Africa. Results also indicated that these children are in great need of additional service delivery with special reference to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategy implementation.
Communication intervention in an adolescent with profound cognitive impairment and autistic features
Authors: Pansegrouw Ilze , Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

The service delivery model currently used with a large proportion of profoundly cognitively impaired (PCI) persons, results in the under-utilization of their potential and often contributes to social isolation. By providing communication and independence training the self-actualisation potential and the right to power and control, is recognised. This single case study describes the implementation of a communication intervention model with a PCI adolescent. His mother was trained in the use of picture symbol task analysis as well as positive reinforcement to promote change in the adolescent's communication skills and independence. Results indicated significant changes in the skills of both participants and highlighted the mother's need for support to meet the demands of change.
Culturally valid assessment tools: Northern Sotho translation of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised
Authors: Pakendorf Corrieta , Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

There is currently a great demand for service provision for the African language speakers in South Africa. The difficulties associated with assessing speakers in the absence of assessment tools in the indigenous languages is, therefore, also a pertinent concern. Within the current socio-economic climate in South Africa where test translation and adaptation is often cited as a more viable option than that of developing new tests, very few guidelines exist for the development or adaptation of valid assessment tools for culturally and linguistically diverse population groups. This article is aimed at describing the process which took place when existing English test material, in this instance, The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R)(Dunn & Dunn, 1981) was translated and culturally adapted for the Northern Sotho population in Pretoria and surrounding areas. The findings of the research include practical examples of methodological considerations which should be taken into account while translating and undertaking cultural adaptation of test material. The newly adapted test material was also applied to a sample of 152 North-Sotho speaking pupils in the study area and the test results are discussed.
The development of a model for geodesic learning: The geodesic information processing model
Authors: Leaf Caroline M. , Louw Brenda , Uys Isabel
Published: August 2019

The current article suggests that alternatives to the current traditional learning methods are essentials if learning institutions are to provide people with effective life skills that enable them to be autonomous learners. This suggestion is based on a body of literature on alternative learning which stresses the need for fundamental change and hence, a paradigm shift in perception of learning in order to cope with the world-wide information explosion. The alternative non-traditional approach proposed in geodesic learning which stresses learning how to learn and self-directed inquiry as essential life skills which enable systems as well as the people in the systems to bring about their own transformation in response to changing situations and requirements. The current article discusses an alternative service delivery model, the geodesic information processing model, which falls within the realms of the geodesic philosophy. The implications of this alternative approach for the speech-language therapist are discussed.
The teaching of Blissymbols as a bridge into literacy for children with cognitive impairments: A comparison of two training approaches
Authors: Moolman Enid , Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

This study compares the learning of Blissymbols by six mildly cognitively impaired children by means of a global and an analytic approach. Training consisted of two stages. The first was the training of eight compound symbols and the second the training of seven single configuration symbols. The study concludes that Blissymbols as an entrance into literacy can be taught successfully to cognitively impaired individuals by means of either an analytic or a global approach. The analytic approach seems to have greater long-term benefits, as the subjects instructed by the analytic approach consistently performed better in the generalization and re-evaluation procedures. The analytic approach, however, was much more time consuming than the global approach in terms of the length of training required. The implications for literacy development and augmentative and alternative communication systems are discussed.
Early identification of at-risk infants and toddlers: A transdisciplinary model of service delivery
Authors: Moodley Legini , Louw Brenda , Hugo René
Published: August 2019

Traditional models of service delivery prevent speech-language therapists and audiologists from identifying and implementing early communication intervention(ECI) in South Africa. This study utilized the framework of the transdisciplinary team approach to develop a collaborative partnership between community nurses and speech-language therapists and audiologists. An interdisciplinary in-service training programme was implemented with 24 community nurses employed at family health clinics in KwaZulu-Natal; with the aim of enhancing their knowledge and attitudes toward the early identification and referral of at-risk children to speech-language therapists and audiologists. Three questionnaires were used to evaluate the nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Results indicated that the training programme significantly improved the nurses' knowledge regarding ECI but not their attitudes. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of service delivery for ECI, and the education and training of early interventionists in the South African context.
What do cochlear implants teach us about the encoding of frequency in the auditory system?
Authors: Hanekom Johan J.
Published: August 2019

This article explores the coding of frequency information in the auditory system from the viewpoint of what has been learnt from cochlear implants. Cochlear implants may provide a window on central auditory nervous system function by creating the possibility to separate place and temporal information. An existing model of frequency discrimination in the acoustically stimulated auditory system is extended to include electrical stimulation. To be able to predict frequency difference limens for acoustic stimulation, an important assumption is that one spike per stimulus cycle is available, which may be provided by the existence of a volley principle. It is shown that to predict frequency difference limens for electrical stimulation of the auditory system, it must also be assumed that electrical stimulation causes desynchronization at a central auditory nervous system integration centre. With these assumptions, the model predicts the degradation in frequency discrimination that occurs for electrical stimulation. Finally, it is shown that cochlear implants have not yet proven conclusively that either rate-place coding or temporal coding is predominant in the auditory system.
Training, current practices and resources of a group of South African hospital-based speech-language therapists and audiologists working with patients living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Druck Emma , Ross Eleanor
Published: August 2019

The present study employed across-sectional survey research design to investigate the training, current practices, and resources of a sample of South African hospital-based speech-language therapists and audiologists (SLTs & As) working with persons living with HIV/AIDS. Questionnaires were mailed to 50 SLTs & As working in the major provincial hospitals in Gauteng, KwaZulu Natal, Free State and Western Cape, and responses were obtained from 40 therapists. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that persons with HIV/AIDS were becoming an increasing part of the caseloads of the SLTs & As who were surveyed. Investigation of participants' training knowledge, skills and confidence in the area of HIV/AIDS suggested that the group of SLTs & As surveyed did not perceive themselves to be adequately equipped to manage persons with HIV/AIDS. These findings highlight the need for improved undergraduate training of SLT & A students in the area of HIV/AIDS; more continuing professional development workshops on HIV/AIDS for qualified practitioners; better access to resources for SLTs & As working in the area; the formulation of a position statement on HIV/AIDS by SASLHA; and further research in this area.
Being all ears: A systemic perspective of the role of the psychologist in cochlear implantation
Authors: Schoeman Elsie M. , Fourie David P.
Published: August 2019

For those hearing-impaired individuals who do not derive any benefit from hearing amplification, cochlear implantation sometimes provides a useful alternative. Recently cochlear implant teams started to incorporate psychological services, mainly as a means to evaluate candidates as to their suitability to receive implants. This paper shows that cochlear implants can have serious and wide-ranging repercussions for the implantee and/or for the family, sometimes necessitating psychotherapeutic services. A case study provided to illustrate the need for a much wider role for psychotherapeutic services and to also demonstrate how the adoption of a systems perspective can be of value to the therapeutic process.
Western and traditional medicine: Cultural beliefs and practices of South African Muslims with regard to Down Syndrome
Authors: Dangor Tasneem , Ross Eleanor
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the beliefs and practices of caregivers and traditional healers within the South African Muslim community regarding Down syndrome. An exploratory-descriptive research design was utilized which incorporated individual interviews with 10 caregivers of persons with Down syndrome as well as 10 traditional healers from the South African Muslim community. Common beliefs emanating from both groups relating to the cause of Down syndrome included the notion that this condition was genetic in origin and that such children were perceived to be gifts from God. Others attributed Down syndrome to a punishment from God or the result of curses from people. Treatment included the use of inscriptions from the Quraan, water that had been prayed over and herbal medicines. Some caregivers seemed reluctant to approach western health care professionals due to negative past experiences. The main reasons for consulting traditional healers were cultural beliefs and pressure from family members, their holistic approach and the personal nature of their interventions. Collaboration between allopathic medicine and traditional healing was advocated by almost all of the traditional healers. These findings underline the need for culturally sensitive rehabilitation practices in speech-language pathology and audiology; and collaboration between western health care practitioners and traditional healers.
A view on the treatment of collusive and restrictive practices in competition policy
Authors: Reekie W. D.
Published: August 2019

South African competition policy is in a state of flux. While professing to serve so-called national interest, legislation has tended to overlook the principles of economic efficiency and consumer welfare. The South African National Drug policy is a case in point. The best defence against collusion and restrictive practices in business is competition, but the Department of Health favours blanket rules like uniform pricing and a fixed fee-for-service.  Thus supermarkets may not employ dispensing pharmacists, and uniform price legislation would make it illegal to negotiate discounts on prescription medicines with retailers.  As a rule consumers are the losers.  Many fallacies are contained in the debate on the "right" competition policy for South Africa. For example, a firm may appear big simply because the domestic market is small.
A note on an alternative approach to affirmative action
Authors: Gering M.
Published: August 2019

Counting in the form of statistical data is almost always a good indicator of past and present discrimination; counting as an action plan in the form of a quota is usually not. This article examines the issue of affirmative action from the perspective of an analytical approach developed and published in the context of higher education between 1983 and 1986. It is shown how these ideas are being extended as a proactive tool in the context of changing management projects.
The role of openly communicated motives during the rationalization process of irrigation system buying behaviour
Authors: Bisschoff C. A.
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the identification of the openly stated motives which farmers give to rationalize their buying behaviour in the mechanized irrigation industry. These motives are, in declining order of importance, "Dealership orientation", "Terrain suitability", "Maintenance", "Management", "Mechanical performance", "Design", "Delivery schedule", "Finance", "Infrastructure", "Technical specifications" and "Professional influences". Openly communicated motives are important to agricultural economists, financial and other advisory institutions since they can render better quality services to farmers if they know what are the reasons overtly given to rationalize other unspoken motives. The farmers can benefit from the results since they would be able to examine their own line of thought, and thus identify the motives of real importance applicable to their situation. Marketers of irrigation systems can also benefit since their selling approach would be more motive-directed.
The portability of American job involvement and job satisfaction scales to non-English speaking South Africans
Authors: Kamfer L. , Venter D. , Boshoff A. B.
Published: August 2019

The scales discussed in Boshoff and Hoole (above) were applied to a sample of non-English mother tongue speakers in South Africa to test their "portability" between America and South Africa. Where more than one possible structure was obtained, they were compared by means of confirmatory factor analysis. To reduce error variance and improve goodness of fit indices, items were aggregated by taking the mean of random item clusters, and the confirmatory factor analyses repeated. The best fit solution for each of the scales was identified and discussed. Indications are that both the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Kanungo Job Involvement Scale can be used with confidence in South Africa, even on respondents who are not home language English speakers.
Economic and political initiatives of European integration for the period 1945-1992
Authors: Viviers W. , Steyn T F.J.
Published: August 2019

The integration of the European Communities (EC, today EU) has been described as one of the most successful examples of economic integration worldwide. This study examines the reason for this success from two perspectives. Firstly, the economic success of EC integration for the period 1945 to 1992 is investigated. It is concluded that, notwithstanding difficulties experienced, the economic integration process represents the EC's greatest achievement. An example of this is the completion of the EC internal market through the European Economic Community (EEC) customs union and the EC-92 programme. Secondly, the investigation focuses on the political success of EC integration. The evaluation shows that political powerplay endangered and inhibited the process of economic integration in the EC.
Free trade and deregulated domestic markets: Attitudes of commercial farmers in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Stockil R. C. , Ortmann G. F.
Published: August 2019

This study analyses farmers' attitudes towards free trade and deregulated domestic product and input markets using a survey conducted in 1996 among 112 commercial farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. Most respondents were in favour of liberalised trade and deregulated domestic markets, but expected a decline in product prices, farm profits and land values. Logit analyses of farmers' personal and business characteristics that influence their attitudes towards free trade and deregulated domestic markets were conducted. Results indicate that improved information on risk management practices and import tariff levels may help commercial farmers to adapt to a changing economic environment and reduce resistance to free trade.
Stages of growth in the South African economy: The role of agriculture
Authors: Townsend R. F. , Van Zyl J.
Published: August 2019

This paper identifies the stages of growth in the South African economy with particular reference to agriculture. Simple a-matrix causality tests are used to determine the direction of causality between the gross sectoral products of the economy and the gross agricultural product. The percentage share of the agricultural industry in the South African economy is relatively small and continues to decline as the economy grows. However, there has been a greater integration of agriculture within the economy during the 1990s as a result of the liberalisation of many aspects of the economy. Agriculture may have played a passive role in the economy, but has provided foreign exchange revenue from net exports to facilitate growth in other sectors of the economy. In a more decontrolled environment, the agricultural sector will become increasingly susceptible to the changes in the macroeconomy, particularly the exchange rate.
International income growth and convergence and the South African economy
Authors: Yadavalli L.
Published: August 2019

This paper considers the growth experience of the South African economy during 1970-1994, against the background of the international convergence phenomenon affirmed by Daumol (1986). Convergence refers to the idea that countries with initially low real per capita income tend to grow faster than wealthier countries, and that their per capita income levels and growth rates will eventually reach a common end-state. This empirically observed catching-up process by the developing countries is assisted by their economic restructuring. Here the growth performance of the South African economy is compared with some established and newly industrialised countries, using statistical dispersion and distance measures.
The fiscal system and objectives of GEAR in South Africa: Consistent or conflicting?
Authors: Mahadea D.
Published: August 2019

This paper critically examines the attainability of the targets set out in the South African Growth, Employment and Redistribution strategy (GEAR). The GEAR document envisaged an economic growth rate of 4.2% per annum, on average, with a rapid expansion of employment over the five-year period ending in 2000. However, actual performance thus far falls short of GEAR projections, except for definite progress towards a reduction of the budget deficit. The current macroeconomic conditions, an over-regulated labour market, prohibitive taxation, low savings and high crime rates make it difficult to stimulate entrepreneurship and attract sufficient investment, especially of a labour absorbing nature, to meet the GEAR projections. The GEAR targets evidently need to be scaled down.
Upper bounds for the spectral function on homogeneous spaces via volume growth
Authors: Judge Chris , Lyons Russell
Published: August 2019

We use spectral embeddings to give upper bounds on the spectral function of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on homogeneous spaces in terms of the volume growth of balls. In the case of compact manifolds, our bounds extend the 1980 lower bound of Peter Li for the smallest positive eigenvalue to all eigenvalues. We also improve Li’s bound itself. Our bounds translate to explicit upper bounds on the heat kernel for both compact and noncompact homogeneous spaces.
As Dimensões do Corpo na Perversão Comum: Objeto, Imagem e Borda
Authors: Ferreira Andressa Marques , Paravidini João Luiz Leitão
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho busca abordar os diferentes lugares que o corpo ocupa nas relações contemporâneas. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos principais autores que tratam da temática, utilizando-se do método e da teoria psicanalítica como recurso para a produção fundante de uma análise interpretativa. Após a apresentação e introdução dos caminhos que conduziram a produção deste estudo, o corpo é situado na conjuntura da teoria psicanalítica e perpassa diferentes tópicos de discussão. Neste sentido, é abarcado como objeto na medida em que representa os investimentos da exploração industrial promotora da liberação e bombeamento das pulsões e situado como imagem através do imperativo de gozo. Nestes enfoques o corpo se faz ser representado por uma perversão comum nas tentativas de dar conta de aspectos singulares do mundo contemporâneo. O corpo também é concebido como borda quando resta como consistência na inscrição entre o sujeito e o outro, legitimando a constituição de relações. Reconhecer estas peculiaridades do contemporâneo nos coloca na posição de assumir que, para além das investigações psíquicas, os corpos precisam ser indagados e cuidados.
Comparação das medidas extraorais com as medidas intraorais na confecção da prótese total
Authors: Dourado Almeida Dayse Brochine , Teles Letícia Santos , Texeira Caroline Dias Ferreira , Ravazzi Thayse Pithon Quadros , Pereira Lara Correia
Published: August 2019

O edentulismo é um problema bastante comum, e o conhecimento adequado da anatomia e fisiologia da cavidade oral é essencial na recuperação e equilíbrio neuromuscular do sistema estomatognático. O uso das linhas de referência juntamente com o plano oclusal orientam o posicionamento dos dentes artificias, que são utilizados para construção das próteses totais. Objetivo: Comparar as medidas extra-orais com as intra-orais da largura dos dentes anteriores com as medidas das linhas de referências preconizadas na literatura para confecção de uma prótese total. Métodos: Para a realização da pesquisa, foi utilizado o banco de dados da pesquisa análise facial e dentária na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, que é composto por 50 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, onde, realizou-se uma análise dentária e facial com auxílio de fotografias. Resultados: Foi observado que a maioria dos indivíduos analisados não apresentaram coincidência entre a largura dos dentes com as linhas de referência, e que as mulheres a maioria não apresentaram coincidência entre e a largura da asa do nariz (8,3%) em relação aos homens (91,7%) com p = 0,001. Conclusão: As linhas de referência não foram coincidentes na maioria dos casos.