bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Gurpreet Bal (ed.), Contemporary Gender Issues: Identity, Status and Empowerment
Authors: Tambe Shruti
Published: July 2017

Gurpreet Bal (ed.), Contemporary Gender Issues: Identity, Status and Empowerment. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2016, xii + 308 pp. ₹995 (hardback), ISBN 978-81-316-0762-6.
Book Review: Marine Carrin, Harald Tambs-Lyche and Dominique Blanc (eds), Transfer of Knowledge and Children’s Agency: Reconstructing the Paradigm of Socialisation
Authors: Jayachandran Jesna
Published: July 2017

Marine Carrin, Harald Tambs-Lyche and Dominique Blanc (eds), Transfer of Knowledge and Children’s Agency: Reconstructing the Paradigm of Socialisation. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2016, 206 pp., ₹1495 (hardback), ISBN: 978-93-84082-63-5.
The Mediating Possibilities of Absence in the thought of Simone Weil
Authors: Davison Andrew
Published: July 2017

Throughout her writings Simone Weil explores the concept of mediation. We find it, for instance, in her ongoing discussion of whether encountering God through people, culture and nature eclipses the divine or exalts the intermediary. Another recurrent theme in her thought is the ‘absence’ of God from the world. This article argues that mediation and absence belong together for Weil. Her profound sense of God’s absence is cast as mediatory, first of God’s existence and then, further, of some aspects of God’s nature. This is subject to a theological critique and positioned relative to a wider ‘theology of mediation’.
Ordained by Christ in his Church?
Authors: Waddell Peter
Published: July 2017

Given the – seemingly undisputed – significance of baptism in primitive Christianity, Jesus’ own baptismal practice is surprisingly obscure. This article argues that he did once baptize, but stopped – marking an important shift in his self-understanding. Christian baptism was nevertheless rooted in his ministry, and thus truly ‘ordained by Christ’.
Impact of Social Integration and Living Arrangements on Korean Older Adults’ Depression
Authors: Lee Youjung , Jang Kyeonghee , Lockhart Naorah C.
Published: July 2017

Depression among older adults is a challenging public health concern in Korea. Using panel data from the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs on Korean older adults and their family caregivers, this study explores significant predictors of depression among Korean older adults as well as the moderating effect of living arrangements on the association between social integration and depression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preexisting depression was the most significant predictor of Korean older adults’ current depression, followed by health status and family support. In addition, social integration significantly decreased Korean older adults’ depression. Importantly, a significant moderation effect of living arrangements between Korean older adults’ social integration and depression was observed. This study implies the development of individually tailored and culturally responsive programs to engage marginalized Korean older adults living alone, helping foster their well-being and optimal aging.
Why People Don't Sue: A Conceptual and Applied Exploration of Decisions Not to Pursue Litigation
Authors: Brodsky Stanley L. , Brodsky Carroll M. , Wolking Sarah H.
Published: July 2017

A conceptual frame of reference is presented to explain why individuals with clear legal bases for filing civil lawsuits choose not to sue. Eight dimensions are posited within this explanatory framework: psychological contexts, clarity of negligence, physical impairment, sense of injustice, legal history, risks–benefits, time and energy, and inertia. These dimensions are examined in four case studies. The role of workers compensation in deterring such litigation is also explored.
The Validity of Colorado Not Criminally Responsible Findings
Authors: Miller Robert D. , Olin Jonathan , Ball Elissa M. , Bennett Charles , Beven Gary F. , Pitt Steven E.
Published: July 2017

There are a lot of articles in the literature concerning description of insanity acquittees—demographics, diagnoses, frequency and success of the plea, results of release, and examiner characteristics. This article is one of few that examines retrospectively the appropriateness of insanity pleas and verdicts, and discusses possible reasons for inappropriate Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) verdicts.
Jury-Eligible Public Attitudes Toward Biological Risk Factors for the Development of Criminal Behavior and Implications for Capital Sentencing
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M.
Published: July 2017

This experiment, utilizing a sample of death-qualified jury-eligible public, examines if and how evidence on biological risk factors for criminality might affect views on the death penalty in four contexts: death penalty support, mitigation, future dangerousness, and cruel and unusual punishment. Results suggest that the presentation of evidence on biological risk factors generally, regardless of the specific risk factor, may not affect views on whether or not the use of the death penalty is appropriate. The presentation of biological risk factor evidence does not appear to be viewed by as strongly mitigating, but biological risk factors generally do have a small, yet statistically significant, impact on perceptions of moral responsibility. The presentation of evidence on certain biological risk factors also may aggravate views of future dangerousness, which could potentially increase the likelihood that the death penalty is supported. Implications of these attitudes for the criminal justice system are discussed.
Community Defense and Criminal Order in Michoacán: Contention in the Grey Area
Authors: Fuentes Díaz Antonio
Published: July 2017

The self-defense groups of La Ruana and Tepalcatepec and other communities in the Tierra Caliente of Michoacán, Mexico, emerged to oppose both the extortion and violence of the local parastatal order of organized crime and the central state’s demands for their disarming and dissolution. They represented a form of governmentality at the local level in which various nonstate actors performed the functions of government, control, and security in the grey area between legality and illegality.

Los grupos de autodefensa de La Ruana y Tepalcatepec, así como de otras comunidades de tierra caliente en Michoacán, México, surgieron para contrarrestar las extorsiones y violencia del orden local paraestatal formado por el crimen organizado, así como las exigencias de desarme y disolución del estado central. Representaban una forma de gobernabilidad a nivel local, con varios actores no estatales haciendo las veces de gobierno, control y seguridad en un área gris entre lo legal y lo ilegal.
Distributed finite-time coordinated control for multi-robot systems
Authors: Sun Yanchao , Ma Guangfu , Liu Mengmeng , Li Chuanjiang , Liang Junbo
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we study the finite-time coordinated control problems under directed topologies for multi-robot systems with general disturbances. The dynamics model of each robot is described by a Euler–Lagrange equation. When considering that only a subset of the follower robots has access to the leader information, the distributed finite-time tracking algorithm with an active leader robot is proposed. Then, we extend the tracking method to the case of containment control. Some special error functions and terminal sliding variables are defined. The finite-time convergence properties of the closed-loop systems are investigated by using a combination of matrix properties of graph theory and Lyapunov theory. Numerical examples and comparisons with other methods are provided to show the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed control strategies.
Truth or Punishment: Secrecy and Punishing the Self
Authors: Slepian Michael L. , Bastian Brock
Published: July 2017

We live in a world that values justice; when a crime is committed, just punishment is expected to follow. Keeping one’s misdeed secret therefore appears to be a strategic way to avoid (just) consequences. Yet, people may engage in self-punishment to right their own wrongs to balance their personal sense of justice. Thus, those who seek an escape from justice by keeping secrets may in fact end up serving that same justice on themselves (through self-punishment). Six studies demonstrate that thinking about secret (vs. confessed) misdeeds leads to increased self-punishment (increased denial of pleasure and seeking of pain). These effects were mediated by the feeling one deserved to be punished, moderated by the significance of the secret, and were observed for both self-reported and behavioral measures of self-punishment.
Definitions and Clinical Guidance on the Enteral Dependence Component of the Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Diagnostic Criteria in Children
Authors: Dovey Terence Michael , Wilken Markus , Martin Clarissa Isabel , Meyer Caroline
Published: July 2017

The aim of the current article is to offer definitive guidance on weaning children who are reliant on nasogastric/gastrostomy feeding tubes. To date, no internationally recognized definitions or principles for interventions exist, and clinics have been reliant on creating their own unique intervention criteria. To achieve the aim, 2 goals are set out within the current article. The first goal was to definitively define the process of tube weaning. To achieve this, both tube dependency and oral eating also required definitions. It is necessary for these 2 additional definitions to fully understand the process of tube weaning and the transition that the child is making within these clinical interventions. The second goal of this article was to propose a set of minimum measurement criteria within a tube weaning protocol so that different clinical practices and perspectives may be measured accurately. This would then allow outcomes from different clinical services to be compared for efficacy. The culmination of this article is a set of 5 core principles that should govern clinics that adhere to the auspices of evidence‐based practice. These principles, if adopted, will provide the basis of a set of internationally recognized criteria within this field of pediatric gastroenterology.
Biology and Management: A Review, Critique, and Research Agenda
Authors: Nofal Ahmed Maged , Nicolaou Nicos , Symeonidou Noni , Shane Scott
Published: July 2017

In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the emerging literature on the biological perspective in management and investigate research spanning the areas of genetics, physiology, and neuroscience. We examine 291 papers published in 133 journals over an 85-year period as well as 10 conference/working papers and six books. On the basis of this analysis, we present an organizing framework of the area, explain the mechanisms through which biological factors relate to management, and discuss the implications of the biological perspective for the theory and the practice of management. Finally, we present an agenda highlighting avenues for future research in this field.
What Determines Public Support for Graduated Development Impact Fees?
Authors: York Abigail M. , Kane Kevin , Clark Christopher M. , Gentile Lauren E. , Wutich Amber , Harlan Sharon L.
Published: July 2017

The development impact fee is one growth management tool that is often adopted to reduce externalities associated with development on the urban fringe. But it is also used as a revenue generator that offsets property taxes. While graduated impact fees are a potential means to reduce sprawling development, it is unclear which public constituencies favor their adoption. Using an adjacent category logit model, there is limited evidence for exclusion based on race or class and, surprisingly, homeownership is not a major determinant of support. The model results indicate differences in policy preferences among longtime Phoenix residents, newcomers, city dwellers, and sub/exurbanites, which may suggest a desire to maintain the status quo and shift the burden of new development to developers and homebuyers. This article contributes to local government literature through an empirical examination of how sociodemographic factors drive public support for graduated development impact fees.
The Silent Politics of Temporal Work: A Case Study of a Management Consultancy Project to Redesign Public Health Care
Authors: McGivern Gerry , Dopson Sue , Ferlie Ewan , Fischer Michael , Fitzgerald Louise , Ledger Jean , Bennett Chris
Published: July 2017

In this article, we discuss temporal work and temporal politics situated between groups with different temporal orientations, arguing that attention needs to be paid to covert and unarticulated silent politics during temporal work. Drawing on a case study of a management consultancy project to redesign public health care, we explain how unarticulated temporal interests and orientations shape the construction of problems, which, in turn, legitimate tasks and time frames. We also show how task and time frames are temporarily fixed and imposed through boundary objects, and the way these may then be reinterpreted and co-opted to deflect pressure to change. Thus, we argue, unarticulated, covert and political temporal inter-dynamics produce expedient provisional temporal settlements, which resolve conflict in the short term, while perpetuating it in the longer run.
Social imaginaries and the theory of the normative utterance
Authors: Steele Meili
Published: July 2017

From Charles Taylor to Marcel Gauchet, theorists of the social imaginary have given us new ways to talk about the shared structures of meanings and practices of the West. Theorists of this group have argued against the narrow horizons of meaning that are deployed by deliberative political theories in developing their basic normative concepts and principles, providing an alternative to the oscillation between the constructivism and the realism. Theorists of the imaginary have enabled us to think about normatively charged collective imaginaries as logically prior to the construction of normative principles. What theorists of the imaginary have not done is make specific connections between the ontological background of social imaginaries and the normative utterance. This lacuna has left them vulnerable to the charges of ‘normative deficit’ and vagueness that Habermas and others famously make against philosophies of ‘world disclosure’. This article develops a conception of the normative utterance that enables us to reason through social imaginaries. In such reasoning, claims are not expressed in the propositional form of the Rawlsian or Habermasian justification, but through a complex engagement with the worldhood that informs normative judgements.
Athletes and/or Activists: LeBron James and Black Lives Matter
Authors: Coombs Danielle Sarver , Cassilo David
Published: July 2017

As one of the world’s most recognizable athletes, Cleveland Cavaliers superstar LeBron James is emblematic of the modern athlete-activist; as such, it is important to understand how the media frame him in the context of a controversial issue. In recent years, he has used it to quietly support the Black Lives Matter movement. In 2014, 12-year-old Tamir Rice was killed by police on a Cleveland playground, just miles from where the Cavaliers play and just north of James’s hometown of Akron. James declined to comment on the case, and a Twitter campaign—#NoJusticeNoLeBron—attempted to force his hand. This article examines the role of James as an athlete-activist, identifying four frames embedded in content around James and the Black Lives Matter movement: Brand LeBron; Established Voice, Higher Expectations; Attention, Not Aggression; and Community Versus Protest. We found James is cautious and deliberate in his activism, moderating a message of consideration rather than revolution, contextualized by his brand and ambitions.
Medialization Laryngoplasty in the Elderly: Outcomes and Expectations
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , Huang Tiffany L. , Benninger Michael S. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To describe the profile and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing medialization laryngoplasty for vocal cord paralysis.

Study Design

Case series with retrospective review.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were included in the study if they were >65 years old at the time of medialization laryngoplasty between 2008 and 2015. Patient comorbidities, anticoagulation status, disease etiology, and physical examination findings were recorded with postoperative length of stay, complications, pre‐ and posttreatment voice outcomes with the Voice Handicap Index (at 6 weeks, 4 months, 8 months, and 1 year), and postprocedural interventions (revision injections, surgery, therapy).

Results

A total of 112 patients met the eligibility criteria. Iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (50%) was the most common etiology, followed by idiopathic (31%) causes. Sixty percent of patients were receiving long‐term antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy. All but 14 patients on aspirin therapy stopped their antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy prior to surgery. Most patients were discharged on the day of surgery. Postprocedure Voice Handicap Index scores significantly improved (P <. 001) by 47%, 53%, 64%, and 57% at each of the 4 measured postprocedure dates, respectively. Two patients had major nonsurgical complications postoperatively requiring inpatient hospitalization. Chi‐square analysis revealed no differences between intraoperative aspirin use, sex, or comorbidities and the incidence of complications (P >. 05).

Conclusion

The clinical profile and outcomes of our patients undergoing medialization laryngoplasty are comparable to those seen in younger cohorts. Medialization laryngoplasty is a safe and successful option for elderly patients with vocal cord paralysis and vocal handicap.
Technical Education Discourse in India: State and the Artisans, 1880s–1914
Authors: Dhar Bidisha
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the various strands of intervention in the discourse regarding artisanal skill formation in colonial India, especially in the pre-First World War period. It focuses on two important schools of thought, the colonial and the nationalist, trying to map the continuities and changes in these two discourses. The writings of Dawn Society Magazine, published since the late nineteenth century, are analysed, while also taking into cognizance the analysis of the artisans’ reactions vis-à-vis these policies.
The Application of Vibration Assessment in Mining Vehicles to Return-to-Work Protocols
Authors: Robinson D.G. , Martin S.H. , Roddan G. , Gibbs G.H. , Dutnall J.
Published: July 2017

Whole body vibration assessment was performed for 11 mining vehicles during regular operations at Suncor Oil Sands near Ft. McMurray, Canada. Vehicles included heavy haulage trucks, light trucks and earth moving machines (dozers, a grader and a bucket loader). Vibration severity and shock severity were assessed according to ISO 2631 using the root mean square (RMS) and crest factor methods. The BS 6841 vibration dose value (VDV) accumulated over a single 12-hour shift was estimated for an exposure duration of 6 hours and for the maximum anticipated duration of vehicle operation during a shift. Severe mechanical shocks with crest factors greater than 10 were observed for all vehicles except the supervisor's light truck. Motion profiles contained peak-to-peak shock amplitudes as large as 38 m·s−-2 in some vehicles. Vibration levels (RMS) exceeded the ISO 2631/1 guidelines for all vehicles except a new D10 dozer and the 789 heavy hauler. The recommended daily VDV was exceeded by all vehicles except the 789 hauler. Vehicles were ranked for relative severity of motion exposure to provide guidance in the planned integration of injured workers back into daily mine operations. Within each vehicle classification, the most favourable motion profiles were observed for the 789 heavy hauler, the new D10 dozer and the supervisor's light truck.
Active Noise Control Using Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Networks
Authors: Tokhi M.O. , Wood R.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the development of a neuro-adaptive active noise control (ANC) system. Multi-layered perceptron neural networks with a backpropagation learning algorithm are considered in both the modelling and control contexts. The capabilities of the neural network in modelling dynamical systems are investigated. A feedforward ANC structure is considered for optimum cancellation of broadband noise in a three-dimensional propagation medium. An on-line adaptation and training mechanism allowing a neural network architecture to characterise the optimal controller within the ANC system is developed. The neuro-adaptive ANC algorithm thus developed is implemented within a free-field environment and simulation results verifying its performance are presented and discussed.
Deployable structures classification: A review
Authors: Fenci Giulia E , Currie Neil GR
Published: July 2017

Deployable structures have the capacity to transform and predictably adopt multiple predetermined configurations, moving through known paths, while deploying in a controlled and safe way. These characteristics introduce benefits when considering issues such as ease of transportation, erection and the overall sustainability of the structure by means of high material efficiency, modularisation and maximum use of natural energy resources. The aim of this article is to provide a critical review of existing attempts at classifying deployable structures identifying connections between different families through their mechanical and structural behaviours. The classifications selected consider theoretical and applied deployable structures, not focusing on a single application of deployable structures but including those ranging from spatial applications, to temporary and disaster relief structure, through to medical applications, providing coherence where terminology varies between applications. In order to gain a consistent understanding, tree diagrams were created for the review/classification to allow drawing commonalities and establishing differences between authors. A chronological approach was adopted, using key review work as focal points for the timeline, complemented by smaller more specific pieces of work. This enabled the identification of common features and divergences between the different authors, bringing to the conclusion that a clear, comprehensive, consistent and unified classification of deployable structures is currently missing within the field.
Collective appropriation and cooperative uses of mobile telephony among Burmese fishers
Authors: Aricat Rajiv George , Ling Rich
Published: July 2017

Early research on mobile phone adoption among fishers followed an economistic perspective, focusing mainly on access to market price information. Researchers called for investigations into collective and cooperative uses of the technology. Responding to these calls, we explored Burmese fishers’ use of mobile phones in the realms of social life and business, mainly related to information seeking and sharing among the community. Interviews with 23 fishers in three regions in Myanmar suggested that both social and commercial, as well as individual- and community-oriented, uses were prevalent. Mobile phones helped channel information on price and market demand among a limited number of fishers, especially the boat owners and fish dealers. The other segments in the fishing labor hierarchy desisted from individual ownership of the phone, while opting for a more community-based appropriation. A nuanced picture of use and non-use of mobiles emerged alongside fishers’ socio-economic status and patterns of fishing.
Information seeking behavior in Arabic and English: A case study of scholars at Shaqra University
Authors: Elgllab Mohammed Fathy Mahmoud , Shehata Ahmed Maher Khafaga
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to explore the information seeking behaviour of scholars working at Shaqra University in both Arabic and English languages; to investigate if there are differences in the way scholars seek information while using different languages; to identify challenges while seeking information and to describe the approaches followed by the scholars to seek information. The study deployed a quasi-experimental approach. The sample of the study consisted of 20 participants who are affiliated to Shaqra University. Each participant was asked to solve five tasks, which were designed to capture participants’ information seeking behaviour. Think aloud protocol was also used to gather more data from the participants to enrich the collected data and to fully understand scholars’ behavior. The study found that the participants’ information seeking consists of four main stages: identifying the information needs, selecting the keywords, examining the results and filtering the results. The data revealed that there is no difference between information seeking in Arabic and English languages. However, participants who are from a non-Arabic background were more accustomed to searching information in the English language. There are few studies investigating information seeking behavior of Arabic language speakers. Additionally, fewer studies have tried to explore differences in information seeking behavior while using different languages. The value of the current study lies in being the first study that focuses on investigating information seeking behavior at Shaqra University. Additionally, it is one of a few studies that examine cross-language information seeking practices of Arabic language speakers and the obstacles that face them.
The efficacy of interactive, motion capture-based rehabilitation on functional outcomes in an inpatient stroke population: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cannell John , Jovic Emelyn , Rathjen Amy , Lane Kylie , Tyson Anna M , Callisaya Michele L , Smith Stuart T , Ahuja Kiran DK , Bird Marie-Louise
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of novel interactive, motion capture-rehabilitation software to usual care stroke rehabilitation on physical function.

Design:

Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

Two subacute hospital rehabilitation units in Australia.

Participants:

In all, 73 people less than six months after stroke with reduced mobility and clinician determined capacity to improve.

Interventions:

Both groups received functional retraining and individualized programs for up to an hour, on weekdays for 8–40 sessions (dose matched). For the intervention group, this individualized program used motivating virtual reality rehabilitation and novel gesture controlled interactive motion capture software. For usual care, the individualized program was delivered in a group class on one unit and by rehabilitation assistant 1:1 on the other.

Main measures:

Primary outcome was standing balance (functional reach). Secondary outcomes were lateral reach, step test, sitting balance, arm function, and walking.

Results:

Participants (mean 22 days post-stroke) attended mean 14 sessions. Both groups improved (mean (95% confidence interval)) on primary outcome functional reach (usual care 3.3 (0.6 to 5.9), intervention 4.1 (−3.0 to 5.0) cm) with no difference between groups ( P = 0.69) on this or any secondary measures. No differences between the rehabilitation units were seen except in lateral reach (less affected side) ( P = 0.04). No adverse events were recorded during therapy.

Conclusion:

Interactive, motion capture rehabilitation for inpatients post stroke produced functional improvements that were similar to those achieved by usual care stroke rehabilitation, safely delivered by either a physical therapist or a rehabilitation assistant.
Short-term complications for percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy of renal masses in adult outpatients
Authors: Rasmussen Lars René , Loft Martina , Nielsen Tommy Kjærgaard , Bjødstrup Jensen Marie , Høyer Søren , Hørlyck Arne , Graumann Ole
Published: July 2017

Background

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous kidney tumor biopsy (UGPKB) plays an important role in the diagnosis of renal tumor but there are no consensuses with respect to the length and the extend of the post-biopsy observation period.

Purpose

To assess the short-term complication rate after UGPKB and to evaluate whether the onset of complications allows for the procedure to be performed in an outpatient setting with same-day discharge.

Material and Methods

Between March 2012 and March 2014, a total of 287 UGPKB were performed in an outpatient setting at a Danish university referral center. All patient records were retrospectively reviewed and post-biopsy complications as well as biochemical parameters were registered.

Results

The overall complication rate was 3.8% (11 patients). Major complications occurred in 1.0% of all cases (three patients); one patient with ongoing bleeding that required intervention and two patients with septicemia. Minor complications occurred in 2.8% of cases (eight patients); six patients with self-limiting gross hematuria, one patient with small asymptomatic subcapsular hematoma, and one patient with vasovagal syncope. The timing of both minor and major complication onset ranged from the time of biopsy and up to four days after discharge.

Conclusion

UGPKB of indeterminate renal masses in adult patients in an outpatient setting appears to be a safe procedure with a very low rate of major complications. Same-day discharge after renal mass biopsy seems feasible.
Comprehensive public health action for our aging world: the quintessence of public health policy
Authors: Yasobant Sandul
Published: July 2017

The number of elderly people is increasing rapidly because of decreasing mortality rates and increasing lifespans throughout the world. Policies and programs for elderly people are limited, and existing programs/policies are not implemented effectively towards the goal of healthier aging. Unlike other public health issues and actions, there is an urgent need to build an evidence-based comprehensive public health action policy for healthy aging.
Inflammatory Myopathy in Horses With Chronic Piroplasmosis
Authors: Pasolini Maria P. , Pagano Teresa B. , Costagliola Alessandro , Biase Davide De , Lamagna Barbara , Auletta Luigi , Fatone Gerardo , Greco Michele , Coluccia Pierpaolo , Veneziano Veneziano , Pirozzi Claudio , Raso Giuseppina Mattace , Santoro Pasquale , Manna Giuseppe , Papparella Serenella , Paciello Orlando
Published: July 2017

Horses affected by chronic piroplasmosis may develop poor performance and muscle atrophy. Here we investigate the pathological and immunopathological aspects of myopathy occurring in chronic equine piroplasmosis. The study included 16 horses serologically positive for equine piroplasms presenting with clinical signs and supporting serum biochemical evidence of a myopathy. Skeletal muscle was evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence, and molecular detection of piroplasms and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle. Histologic lesions included muscle fiber atrophy (100% of cases), degenerative changes (13/16, 81%), and perivascular perimysial and endomysial lymphocytic infiltrates (81% of cases). In 15 cases (94%), muscle fibers had strong immunostaining for major histocompatibility complex classes I and II. T lymphocyte populations were mainly CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ in equal proportions, with a lower number of CD79α+ cells. The serum from affected horses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence for binding of IgG, IgM, or IgA to sections of normal equine muscle to detect circulating autoantibodies against muscle antigen(s). In all cases, distinct sarcolemmal staining was detected in sections incubated with serum from affected horses, in contrast to sections incubated with phosphate-buffered saline or equine control sera. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of muscles from affected animals revealed a significant increase of interferon-γ, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor–α gene expression compared to healthy controls. Theileria equi or Babesia caballi was not detected in samples of affected muscle by RT-PCR. Thus, inflammatory myopathy associated with equine piroplasmosis may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis with upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that may cause myofiber atrophy and degeneration.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Pierce K. R.
Published: July 2017

The sequential development of the lesions in the peripheral nervous systems of 22 goats poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits was studied. Studies of teased fibers revealed swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, segmental demyelination, remyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and regeneration. A few fibers had a large globular or ovoid swelling in a transitional zone between a region undergoing segmental demyelination at one end and Wallerian degeneration at the other end. These distended transitional zones were the sites of intense acid phosphatase activity in axons.

These histologic studies indicate that the primary lesion occurred in Schwann cells and resulted in swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, and segmental demyclination. The sequence of development of the lesions suggests that axonal degeneration were secondary to Schwann-cell injury.
Personality and world music preference of undergraduate non-music majors in South Korea and the United States
Authors: Yoo Hyesoo , Kang Sangmi , Fung Victor
Published: July 2017

We investigated contributors of undergraduate nonmusic majors’ preferences for world musics, specifically those from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Drawing upon the reciprocal feedback model as a theoretical framework, we determined the extent to which predictor variables (familiarity with the music, personality, and music absorption) were related to music preference. Participants were 401 undergraduate nonmusic majors from South Korea ( n = 208) and the USA ( n = 183). Participants took an online survey via Qualtrics that included demographic information, the World Musics Preference Rating Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Absorption in Music Scale. Results indicated that, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preferences for world musics. For the U.S. participants, familiarity, followed by openness to experience, was the strongest predictor of participants’ preference for musics from each continent. By contrast, for the South Korean participants, although familiarity was also the strongest predictor for African, Latin American, and Asian musics, openness to experience was not consistently the second strongest contributor. For African music, openness to experience was ranked second; for Latin American and Asian music, agreeableness and music absorption were ranked second, respectively.
Analysis and structuring of process planning logic for CNC machining: An education and training perspective
Authors: Moschonissiotis Stylianos , Vosniakos George-Christopher
Published: July 2017

Programming of computer numerical control (CNC) machining centres using computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software is efficient provided that machining operations and their sequence has been correctly determined by the user. Such decisions, however, are a largely matter of experience. If the user is inexperienced, then Computer Aided Process Planning systems may be employed, but these are usually legacy systems. Thus, normally some prior knowledge has to be induced to the inexperienced user in the form of structured knowledge or rules. After studying a representative number of parts, creating and validating process plans and feeding them to a CAM system some baseline knowledge has been created and structured into rules. Training the user towards applying these rules, or even creation of custom rules is based on part analysis according to a basic reasoning. This is best implemented by advance-organisers of the schematic type regarding part form, process identification, work-holding and setup sequencing, whilst creation of steps or instructions for guiding the process plan generation flow is effected according to the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome paradigm. The method has been applied to a sizeable audience and preliminary statistical and qualitative evidence on its effectiveness is presented.
Facial Emotion Recognition and Empathy in Employees at a Juvenile Detention Center
Authors: Quintero Luz Anyela Morales , Muñoz-Delgado Jairo , Sánchez-Ferrer José Carlos , Fresán Ana , Brüne Martin , Arango de Montis Iván
Published: July 2017

Numerous studies have shown that emotion recognition is impaired in individuals with a history of violent offenses, especially in those diagnosed with psychopathy. However, in criminological contexts, there is insufficient research regarding the role of empathy and facial emotion recognition abilities of personnel employed in correction centers. Accordingly, we sought to explore facial emotion recognition abilities and empathy in administrative officers and security guards at a center for institutionalized juvenile offenders. One hundred twenty-two Mexican subjects, including both men and women, were recruited for the study. Sixty-three subjects were administrative officers, and 59 subjects were security guards at a juvenile detention center. Tasks included “Pictures of Facial Affect” and the “Cambridge Behavior Scale.” The results showed that group and gender had an independent effect on emotion recognition abilities, with no significant interaction between the two variables. Specifically, administrative officers showed higher empathy than security guards. Moreover, women in general exhibited more empathy than men. This study provides initial evidence of the need to study emotion recognition and empathy among professionals working in forensic settings or criminological contexts.
Triggering trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Di Stefano Giulia , Maarbjerg Stine , Nurmikko Turo , Truini Andrea , Cruccu Giorgio
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Although it is widely accepted that facial pain paroxysms triggered by innocuous stimuli constitute a hallmark sign of trigeminal neuralgia, very few studies to date have systematically investigated the role of the triggers involved. In the recently published diagnostic classification, triggered pain is an essential criterion for the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia but no study to date has been designed to address this issue directly. In this study, we set out to determine, in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, how frequently triggers are present, which manoeuvres activate them and where cutaneous and mucosal trigger zones are located.

Methods

Clinical characteristics focusing on trigger factors were collected from 140 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, in a cross-sectional study design.

Results

Provocation of paroxysmal pain by various trigger manoeuvres was reported by 136 of the 140 patients. The most frequent manoeuvres were gentle touching of the face (79%) and talking (54%). Trigger zones were predominantly reported in the perioral and nasal region.

Conclusion

This study confirms that in trigeminal neuralgia, paroxysmal pain is associated with triggers in virtually all patients and supports the use of triggers as an essential diagnostic feature of trigeminal neuralgia.
NMR Imaging in Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Gallucci Massimo , Fabbrini Giovanni , Conti Filippo , Ruggieri Stefano , Agnoli Alessandro
Published: July 2017

NMR has proved useful in the detection of Acute Cerebrovascular Disorders (ACVD), providing information related either to the tissue signal intensity and relaxation times, or to the morphological aspects of cerebral structures. Eighteen patients suffering from ischemic Acute Cerebrovascular Disorders were studied. A comparison between NMR imaging and CT scan was performed. Ischemic lesions, presence of edema, presence of reactive gliosis and anatomical vascular anomalies were found.
Migraine and Cerebral Hypoxia: A Hypothesis With Pharmacotherapeutic Implications
Authors: Amery Willem K
Published: July 2017

It is postulated that a migraine attack is a specific reaction pattern to an episode of focal cerebral hypoxia. This hypothesis holds that any type of focal brain hypoxia (and thus not only a vasospasm) may provoke a migraine attack. Indeed, as hypoxia is a result of an imbalance between energy supply and energy use, the former can be decreased and/or the latter be increased. Spreading cortical depression, leading to the aura, is believed to be another consequence of brain hypoxia occurring in classical migraine. There are no other genuine differences between classical and common migraine, according to the cerebral hypoxia theory. The latter theory may improve our understanding of the mode of action of anti-migraine drugs. Certain calcium entry blockers have a direct protective effect on brain hypoxia, but some other pharmacotherapeutic approaches may also prevent cerebral hypoxia via an effect on brain metabolism, vasomotion or platelet behavior.
Equivalent Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores 12 and 24 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Results From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register
Authors: Samuelsson Kristian , Magnussen Robert A. , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Krupic Ferid , Spindler Kurt P. , Johansson Christer , Forssblad Magnus , Karlsson Jón
Published: July 2017

Background:

It is not clear whether Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) results will be different 1 or 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Purpose:

To investigate within individual patients enrolled in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register whether there is equivalence between KOOS at 1 and 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This cohort study was based on data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register during the period January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2013. The longitudinal KOOS values for each individual at the 1- and 2-year follow-up evaluations were assessed through the two one-sided test (TOST) procedure with an acceptance criterion of 4. Subset analysis was performed with patients classified by sex, age, graft type, and type of injury (meniscal and/or cartilage injury).

Results:

A total of 23,952 patients were eligible for analysis after exclusion criteria were applied (10,116 women, 42.2%; 13,836 men, 57.8%). The largest age group was between 16 and 20 years of age (n = 6599; 27.6%). The most common ACL graft was hamstring tendon (n = 22,504; 94.0%), of which the combination of semitendinosus and gracilis was the most common. A total of 7119 patients reported on the KOOS Pain domain at both 1- and 2-year follow-ups, with a mean difference of 0.21 (13.1 SD, 0.16 SE [90% CI, −0.05 to 0.46], P < .001). The same results were found for the other KOOS subscales: symptoms (mean difference −0.54, 14.1 SD, 0.17 SE [90% CI, −0.81 to −0.26], P < .001), activities of daily living (mean difference 0.45, 10.8 SD, 0.13 SE [90% CI, 0.24 to 0.66], P < .001), sports and recreation (mean difference −0.35, 22.7 SD, 0.27 SE [90% CI, −0.79 to 0.09], P < .001), quality of life (mean difference −0.92, 20.0 SD, 0.24 SE [90% CI, −1.31 to −0.53], P < .001), and the combined KOOS-4 score (mean difference −0.41, 14.5 SD, 0.17 SE [90% CI, −0.70 to −0.13], P < .001). Analyses within specific subsets of patients showed equivalent results between the 2 follow-up evaluations.

Conclusion:

Equivalent results within patients were found in KOOS values at 1- and 2-year follow-ups after ACL reconstruction. The finding was consistent across all KOOS subscales and for all evaluated subsets of patients. This result implies that there is no additional value in capturing both 1- and 2-year KOOS outcomes after ACL reconstruction. However, these findings of equivalence at 1- and 2-year endpoints do not alleviate the need for longer follow-up periods.
In Vivo Performance of a Novel, Anatomically Shaped, Total Meniscal Prosthesis Made of Polycarbonate Urethane: A 12-Month Evaluation in Goats
Authors: Vrancken Anne C.T. , Hannink Gerjon , Madej Wojciech , Verdonschot Nico , van Tienen Tony G. , Buma Pieter
Published: July 2017

Background:

Injury or loss of the meniscus generally leads to degenerative osteoarthritic changes in the knee joint. However, the treatment options for symptomatic patients with total meniscectomy are limited. Therefore, we developed a novel, anatomically shaped, total meniscal implant made of polycarbonate urethane.

Purpose:

To evaluate the in vivo performance of this novel total meniscal implant. The assessment particularly focused on the implant’s response to long-term physiological loading in a goat model and its chondroprotective capacity in comparison to clinically relevant controls.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Surgery was performed to the stifle joint of 26 female Saanen goats, subdivided into 4 groups: implant, allograft, total meniscectomy, and sham surgery. The sham group’s contralateral joints served as nonoperated controls. After 12 months of follow-up, investigators evaluated implant wear, deformation, and the histopathological condition of the synovium and cartilage.

Results:

Wear of the implant’s articulating surfaces was minimal, which was confirmed by the absence of wear particles in the synovial fluid. Implant deformation was limited. However, one implant failed by complete tearing of the posterior horn extension. No differences in cartilage histopathological condition were observed for the implant, allograft, and meniscectomy groups. However, locally, the cartilage scores for these groups were significantly worse than those of the nonoperated controls.

Conclusion:

Whereas this study demonstrated that the novel implant is resistant to wear and that deformation after 12 months of physiological loading is acceptable, reinforcement of the implant horns is necessary to prevent horn failure. Although the implant could not protect the cartilage from developing degenerative changes, the progression of damage was similar in the allograft group.

Clinical Relevance:

This novel polycarbonate urethane implant may have the potential to become an alternative treatment for symptomatic patients with total meniscectomy.
Profit-Led Growth, Social Democracy, and the Left: An Accumulation of Discontent
Authors: McColloch William
Published: July 2017

The present paper seeks to locate the Bhaduri–Marglin (B-M) model as an historical outcome of the Left’s internal disputes over the prospects for social democracy. In better contextualizing the B-M model as a historical response to the perceived political economic failings of the social compromises upon which the growth of postwar advanced capitalist economies had rested, both the model’s popularity and its potential limitations can more easily be understood.