bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method to employ the spatial organisation of catchments into semi-distributed rainfall–runoff models
Authors: Oppel Henning , Schumann Andreas
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A distributed or semi-distributed deterministic hydrological model should consider the hydrological most relevant catchment characteristics. These are heterogeneously distributed within a watershed but often interrelated and subject of a certain spatial organisation which results in archetypes of combined characteristics. In order to reproduce the natural rainfall-runoff response the reduction of variance of catchment properties as well as the incorporation of the spatial organisation of the catchment is desirable. In this study the with-function approach is used as a basic characteristic to analyse succession of catchments characteristics. With this technique we are able assess the context of catchment properties like soil or topology along the stream flow length and the network geomorphology, giving indications on the spatial organisation of a catchment. Moreover, these information and technique has been implemented in an algorithm for automated sub-basin ascertainment, which includes the definition of zones within the newly defined sub-basins. Aiming to provide sub-basins that are less heterogeneous than common separation schemes. The algorithm is applied on two parameters characterising topology and soil of four mid-European watersheds. Resulting partitions indicate a wide range of applicability for the method and the algorithm. Additionally the intersection of derived zones for different catchment characteristics could give insights on sub-basin similarities. Finally a HBV96-case study also proved the benefits for modelling of the new subdivision technique.
Brief Communication Co-seismic displacement on October 26 and 30, 2016 (Mw 5.9 and 6.5) – earthquakes in central Italy from the analysis of discrete GNSS network
Authors: De Guidi Giorgio , Vecchio Alessia , Brighenti Fabio , Caputo Riccardo , Carnemolla Francesco , Di Pietro Adriano , Lupo Marco , Maggini Massimiliano , Marchese Salvatore , Messina Danilo , Monaco Carmelo , Naso Salvatore
Published: May 2017

Abstract. On October 26th 2016, immediately north of the epicentral area affected by the Mw 6.0, August 24th earthquake, a strong earthquake (Mw = 5.9), with a focal mechanism showing W-dipping normal faulting, occurred at the boundary between Marche and Umbria regions (central Apennines, Italy). Four days later (on October 30th), the main-shock (Mw = 6.5) of the whole seismic sequence occurred in the same area. The central Apennines are characterized by northeast-verging thrust-propagation folds, involving Mesozoic- Tertiary sedimentary successions. During the 2016 sequence, coseismic deformation has been recorded at the rear of the Sibillini Thrust which separates the main mountain chain from the Marche-Abruzzi foothills (Fig. 1). This contractional structure has been partly dissected and/or inverted by NNW-SSE trending Quaternary normal and oblique-slip faults. The major event (October 30) induced extensive geological effects at the surface and structural damages in the broader epicentral area up to a distance of 30 km. According to the report of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (SUMMARY REPORT ON THE 30 OCTOBER, 2016 EARTHQUAKE IN CENTRAL ITALY Mw 6.5, Gruppo di Lavoro INGV sul Terremoto in centro Italia 10 November 2016), the hypocenter of major event was located at 42.8322° N, 13.1107° E at a depth of 9.2 km (Figs. 1 and 2). Following the August seismic events, we installed five new geodetic points located on both sides of the principal fracture zone and carried out two campaigns of GNSS measurements, the first one at the end of September (30-09/02-10, 2016), the second one early November (11/13-11, 2016) that covered the period of the October events. In this brief communication, we provide the results of our geodetic campaigns that registered the co- seismic displacement occurred in the period between doy (day of year) 2016/274 and doy 2016/318, therefore documenting the two latter major shocks. We also compare our results with the available surface deformation field of the broader area obtained on the basis of the DInSAR technique and particularly the elaboration realized by CNR-IREA of Sentinel-1 radar imaging of Copernicus European Program of 26/10–1/11 (http://www.irea.cnr.it/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=761:nuovi-risultati-sul-terremoto- del-30-ottobre-2016-ottenuti-dai-radar-dei-satelliti-sentinel-1). The comparison shows an overall good fit. It’s worth to note that these earthquakes occurred in a sector of the Central Apennines characterized by high geodetic strain-rates (e.g., D’Agostino 2014), where several continuous GNSS stations are operating.
High-resolution marine flood modelling with coupled overflow and
overtopping processes: framing the hazard based on historical and
statistical approaches
Authors: Nicolae Lerma Alexandre , Bulteau Thomas , Elineau Sylvain , Paris François , Durand Paul , Anselme Brice , Pedreros Rodrigo
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A modelling chain was implemented in order to propose a realistic appraisal of the risk in coastal areas affected as well by overflowing as overtopping processes. Simulations are performed through a nested downscaling strategy from regional to local scale at high spatial resolution with explicit buildings, urban structures such as sea front walls and hydraulic structures liable to affect the propagation of water in urban areas. Validation of the model performance is based on hard and soft available data analysis and conversion of qualitative to quantitative information to reconstruct the area affected by flooding and the succession of events during two recent storms. Two joint probability statistical approaches (joint exceedance probability and environmental contour) are used to define 100 years off-shore conditions scenarios and to investigate the flood response to each scenario in term of: (1) maximum spatial extent of flooded areas, (2) volumes of water propagation inland and (3) water level in flooded areas. Scenarios of sea level rise are also considerate in order to evaluate the potential hazard evolution. Our simulations show that for a maximising 100-year hazard scenario, for the municipality as a whole, 38 % of the zones are prone to overflow flooding and 62 % to flooding by propagation of overtopping water volume along the seafront. Results also reveal that for the two kind of statistic scenarios a difference of about 5 % in the forcing conditions (water level, wave height and period) can produce significant differences responses in terms of flooding like +13.5 % of water volumes propagating inland or +11.3 % of affected surfaces. In some areas, flood response appears to be very sensible to the scenario chosen with differences of 0.3 to 0.5 m in water level. The approach developed enable to bracket the 100-year hazard and to characterise spatially the robustness or the uncertainty over the results. Considering a 100-year scenario with mean sea level rise (0.6 m), hazard characteristics are dramatically changed with an evolution of the overtopping/overflowing process ratio and an increase of 384 % in volumes of water propagating inland and 247 % in flooded surfaces.
INTERFACE ENTRE REGULAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E EQUIDADE: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Peiter Caroline Cechinel , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcelino de Melo , De Oliveira Walter Ferreira
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a interface entre a Regulação em Saúde e o princípio da equidade segundo a literatura científica da área de saúde, de 2008 a 2015. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de duas bases de dados, realizada em junho de 2016. Foram analisados 15 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A síntese do conhecimento foi feita por duas categorias de análise: 1) “Equidade e Acesso” e 2) “Reforma de sistemas de saúde”. A Regulação em Saúde é compreendida como importante ferramenta para promoção da equidade. Os serviços de saúde devem priorizar o atendimento de usuários com maiores riscos, permitindo que todos tenham adequados níveis de saúde, a partir de ofertas de serviços distintos, segundo as necessidades individuais. Temas como equidade, acesso e financiamento foram pontos fortes considerados nos processos de reforma dos sistemas de saúde.
Research on New Relation between the Chinese Government and Trade Associations
Authors: Ao Xue
Published: April 2017

The development level of trade associations is the important indicator which is used to judge the maturity of development in a country’s or region’s market economy. China now is in the exploratory stage of “disconnect” between the government and trade associations, and the relation between them shall be reconstructed. This paper used the methods of literature research, norms and empirical analysis, etc. to analyze the evolution and existing problems of the relation between the government and trade associations, exploring the new type of relation after trade association disconnect from the government, in order to promote the formation of the modern trade association chamber of commerce system.
Perceived Organisational Injustice and Counterproductive Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Work Alienation Evidence from the Egyptian Public Sector
Authors: Dajani Maha Ahmed Zaki , Saad Mohamad Mohamad
Published: April 2017

This study examines the relationship between the four dimensions of organisational justice, namely, distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice, and workers’ counterproductive behaviour, and whether work alienation has mediating effect in this relationship. These relationships were tested in a sample of 300 blue-collar workers operating in Egyptian public industrial context, only 236 responded positively. Results revealed that there are significant relationships between organisational injustice (in its four types) and counterproductive behaviours, and each of the work alienation dimensions partially mediated this relationship. These findings were discussed in the light of extant literature. Research limitations and implications for future research were reported.
Factors Influencing Waiting Time as Key of Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Department in King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zayyan Alsharqi Omar , AlBarakati Mai , Aziz AlQamdi Abdul , Al-Borie Hussein Mohammad , Khalaf Ahmad Alaeddin Mohammad
Published: April 2017

The current research investigated the factors influencing the waiting time in the emergency department (ED) in King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. We have decided to evaluate the impact of multiple factors in the waiting time in the ED. These factors are derived from three main variables. The independent variables include the organizational, management and staffing factors, whereas the dependent variable is represented by the waiting time. The method used to collect primary data was quantitative, through a research questionnaire, which was administered in the ED of King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital. A purposive sampling strategy was used to choose the participants in this research. In total, approximately 130,000 patients per year, these patients include the adult population, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology who participated in this study. Using the sample size table, the researcher distributed 384 research questionnaires. The research retrieved 308 valid questionnaires, which was a rate of 80.2%. The results confirm significant influence of the organizational, management and staffing factors in the ED waiting time. Furthermore, the results also show various possibilities for future approaches to improve the waiting time. In this research, we concluded that these factors affect the waiting time in ED either in a positive or negative way, and we should take action to correct or improve the service provided to the patient visiting the ED. We recommend that a clear policy should be implemented regarding the availability of the wheelchairs, finding a direct channel with the medical administration office and the hospital administration regarding the time delay in speciality physicians to evaluate the ED patient. Regarding the difficulty in finding a bed in the ED, we recommend that the ED administration should maintain close monitoring, writing daily reports to the medical administration regarding any patient admitted in the ED under the care of the medical department to ensure a fast response in solving this problem.
Contribuições para a conservação da água: pesquisa com membros de Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas
Authors: Dictoro Vinicius Perez , Hanai Frederico Yuri
Published: May 2017

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar novas e possíveis contribuições para a conservação da água, sob a ótica de integrantes dos seguintes Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas (CBH Paraíba do Sul, CBH Paranapanema, CBH Piancó-Piranha-Açú, CBH Verde Grande e CBH Paranaíba). A pesquisa empregou o método de consulta a alguns membros dos CBHs envolvidos, utilizando-se meio eletrônico para abordagem da questão sobre as possíveis contribuições para melhoria da gestão e da conservação da água. Para a análise dos dados obtidos, foi adotado o método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC). O DSC visa dar luz ao conjunto de individualidades componentes do imaginário social, e apresenta dupla representatividade, qualitativa e quantitativa, das opiniões coletivas que emergem da pesquisa. A pesquisa obteve 52 respostas que foram analisadas pelo método do DSC, formando sete distintas categorias de ideias centrais. Os resultados obtidos por esse estudo, identificaram algumas importantes contribuições (algumas que resgatam valores pouco utilizados) para a gestão da água, que podem ser eficazes para subsidiar ações mais efetivas para sua conservação. Considera-se que as análises dos resultados obtidos por essa metodologia contribuem para quantificar ideias qualitativas, auxiliando na identificação de ações prioritárias para subsidiar gestores e instituições envolvidas na gestão e conservação da água.
Análise espacial da precipitação pluviométrica na microbacia do Rio Carnaíba de dentro e seu entorno no semiárido baiano entre 2009 a 2014 / Analysis of rainfall in the river basin of carnaíba of dentro and its surrounding in semiárido baiano– 2009 (...)
Authors: Clemente Carlos Magno Santos , Pereira Deborah Marques , Leal Thomas Leonardo Marques de Castro , Reis Maycon Fagundes Teixeira
Published: May 2017

A microbacia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro tem como cenário regional o semiárido baiano. Essa região é caracterizada por condições climáticas peculiares no contexto brasileiro, bem como, estiagens de chuvas em anos consecutivos. Desse modo, objetivou-se com a pesquisa compreender a distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica na microbacia hidrografia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro e seu entorno entre os anos de 2009 a 2014. Foram delimitadas 5 estações meteorológicas dentro e no entorno e o método geoestatístico utilizado foi a krigagem. Entre os anos de 2009 a 2014, os valores de precipitação anual acumulada variaram de 291,3 a 1.058 mm. A estação localizada no município de Carinhanha registrou elevados valores de precipitação (1058 mm) e baixos indicadores foram registrados na divisa de Minas Gerais com Bahia (estação Espinosa). Com isso, as análise indicam uma estiagem de 5 a 7 meses entre abril a outubro e uma distribuição irregular espaço-temporal na microbacia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro nos anos analisados.

Palavras–chave: Análise Espacial; Geoprocessamento; INMET; Estação Meteorológica.

Abstract

The watershed of Carnaíba river has a regional setting the Bahian semi-arid. This region is characterized by peculiar climatic conditions in the Brazilian context, as well as drought rains in consecutive years. Thus, the objective of this research is to understand the distribution of the pluviometric precipitation in the watershed of Carnaíba river and its surroundings between the years of 2009 and 2014. Five weather stations were defined inside and in its surroundings and the geostatistical method was kriging. Between the year of 2009 and 2014, the values of annual precipitation accumulated ranged between 291,3 and 1.058 mm. The station located in the city of Carinhanha recorded elevated values of precipitation (1.058 mm) and low indicators were recorded on the border with Minas Gerais (Espinosa Station). Thereby, the analyses indicate an drought of 5 to 7 months between April and October and a distribution irregular space-time in the watershed of Carnaíba River in the analyzed years.

Keywords: Spatial Analysis; GIS; INMET; Weather Stations.
Território, Territorialidade e Identidade Territorial: categorias para análise da dinâmica territorial quilombola no cenário geográfico / Territory, Territoriality and Territorial Identity: categories for analysis of the dynamics (...)
Authors: Rodrigues Sensato Oliveira Andressa , Holanda da Silva Carla
Published: May 2017

As Comunidades Quilombolas, pós-abolição da escravatura em 1888, permaneceram silenciadas e esquecidas pela sociedade e, mesmo pela ciência geográfica, resultado da dinâmica estabelecida no período escravista, carregada de estereótipos acerca dos afrodescendentes. E assim, mesmo após a Constituição Federal de 1988, que criou a primeira legislação que atendia as demandas quilombolas, e trouxe a tona esses sujeitos, os debates a seu respeito ainda são ínfimos. Diante deste cenário, com o intuito de suprir esta carência de estudos, especialmente na ciência geográfica, o presente artigo tem como objetivo central discutir os conceitos de território, territorialidade e identidade territorial, entrelaçado a realidade das comunidades quilombolas. Para este propósito, foram utilizados de arcabouço teórico com autores que discutem a questão quilombola, identidade, território e identidade territorial. Além da análise da legislação brasileira que versa sobre a temática quilombola. Ao longo da reflexão verificou-se que, na compreensão da dinâmica territorial quilombola, estes conceitos geográficos destacam-se e alicerçam as relações estabelecidas por essas comunidades com seu próprio núcleo e/ou com o entorno e poder público.

Palavras–chave: Comunidades quilombolas, Território, Territorialidades, Identidade territorial.

Abstract

The Quilombo Communities, after the abolition of slavery in 1888, remained silenced and forgotten by society and even the geographical science, the result of the established dynamics in the slave period, full of stereotypes about people of African descent. And so, even after the Federal Constitution of 1988, which created the first legislation that met the demands Maroons, and brought up these subjects, discussions about them are still negligible. In this scenario, in order to address this lack of studies, especially in geographical science, this article is mainly aimed to discuss the concepts of territory, territoriality and territorial identity, intertwined reality of quilombo communities. For this purpose, we used the theoretical framework with authors who discuss the quilombola question, identity, territory and territorial identity. In addition to the analysis of Brazilian legislation that deals with the quilombola theme. Along the reflection was found, in understanding of the quilombo territorial dynamics, that, these geographical concepts stand out and underpin the relations established by these communities with their own core and / or the environment and public authorities.

Keywords: Quilombo Communities, Territory, Territoriality, Territorial identity.
EVOLUÇÃO DA AGROINDÚSTRIA CANAVIEIRA NO BRASIL (1990-2014): DA RUPTURA DO PARADIGMA SUBVENCIONISTA À FALTA DE PLANEJAMENTO
Authors: Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Rissardi Júnior Darcy Jacob
Published: May 2017

Este artigo busca analisar, de forma concisa e numa perspectiva histórica, a evolução da agroindústria canavieira pós-desregulamentação (1990-2014). Os resultados mostram três fases distintas. Na primeira fase, 1986/1987 a 1995/1996, houve desaceleração e crise do Proálcool e ruptura do paradigma subvencionista. Na segunda fase, 1996/1997 a 2002/2003, houve recrudescimento da desregulamentação, explicitação da debilidade estrutural e o surgimento da diversidade de interesses. Finalmente, a terceira fase, 2003/2004 a 2013/2014, houve a retomada do etanol com o mercado flex-fuel, muitos Investimentos Diretos Estrangeiros (IDE) e falta de planejamento por parte do governo federal na condução da política de precificação da gasolina, que desestimulou o consumo de etanol.
O DEPÓSITO A PRAZO COM GARANTIA ESPECIAL E O RISCO MORAL NOS BANCOS BRASILEIROS: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA COM DADOS DE PAINEL
Authors: Machado Santana Rafael , Oreiro José Luis
Published: May 2017

O depósito a prazo com garantia especial (DPGE) do Fundo Garantidor de Crédito (FGC), criado em março de 2009 como resposta aos impactos da crise financeira internacional sobre o Brasil, conseguiu restabelecer a liquidez dos bancos de menor porte ao definir que as captações feitas por meio desse instrumento fossem garantidas até o total de R$20 milhões por depositante e por instituição financeira. Muito embora a medida tenha tido êxito em aliviar as restrições de liquidez dos bancos de menor porte, ela pode ter causado, como efeito colateral, um risco maior de insolvência dessas instituições em função do risco moral resultante do seguro depósito presente no DPGE. Em função disso, este trabalho investiga, a partir de dados em painel, se os bancos de menor porte passaram a assumir maiores riscos após a criação do DPGE. Como grupos de controle da análise são utilizados os bancos de maior porte, para os quais o DPGE foi uma medida inócua, e as cooperativas de crédito, onde a captação através do DPGE não esteve disponível. Os resultados não mostram evidências de que houve um aumento dos riscos assumidos pelos bancos de menor porte após a criação do DPGE.
OS GRILHÕES DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO E DA GESTÃO EM INSTITUIÇÕES SUPERIORES PÚBLICAS DE ENSINO
Authors: Panizzi Wrana Maria
Published: May 2017

Já faz algum tempo que a questão da administração e gestão das instituições de ensino superior fazem parte da pauta de um sem número de eventos e discussões acadêmicas. Neste sentido, no presente texto buscamos pensar essas duas categorias como campos semânticos diversos, mas não excludentes entre si, onde buscamos estabelecer algumas distinções entre aquilo que normalmente compete a administração pública, essa entendida como uma atividade ad tempore, e aquilo que diz respeito a gestão pública, essa, entendida como uma atividade pro tempore. Sobretudo, o que buscamos mostrar no decorrer do texto é que a tão anunciada ideia de autonomia universitária que, em tese, daria a universidade a liberdade de gerir-se como entidade autônoma não passa de um “prelado” constitucional que inexiste na prática em função de certo conjunto de mecanismos de controle construídos e impostos pela política neoliberal que engessam tanto a administração pública quanto a gestão das universidades.
Editorial do Volume 1 Número 1
Authors: Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Coronel Daniel Arruda , Bender Filho Reisoli
Published: May 2017

Editorial do volume 1 , número 1, da PAP- Práticas de Administração Pública
Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Activities Management and Treatment Outcome among Type 2 Diabetes Saudi Patients: Across-Sectional Study
Authors: Abubaker Ibrahim Elbur  , Abdullah Salem AlMalki  , Sultan Abdullah Alharthi
Published: May 2017

The main aims of this study were to measure the level of diabetes management self-efficacy and adherence to self-care activities management and to identify the influence of self- efficacy on management of self-care activities and the outcome of treatment among type 2 diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic; King Faisal Medical Complex during the period of June –August 2016. Patients aged >20 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year. Data was collected through face-to-face interview method using a pretested and validated questionnaire. Data was processed by the software SPPS (21.0 SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). P value
Nutritional Properties, Phytochemicals and In Vitro Antioxidant Assessment of Two Wild Edible Fruits from Assam of North-East India
Authors: Anuck Islary  , Jatin Sarmah  , Sanjay Basumatary
Published: May 2017

The aim of present study was to ascertain the nutritional properties, phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant capacities of two wild edible fruits viz. Aporosa dioica (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. and Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. found in Assam of North-East India. Nutritional properties, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were investigated employing standard methods. Antioxidant properties were assessed following DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2, 2´-Azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. The results obtained in this study were presented and discussed. A. dioica fruit extract exhibited lower IC50 (DPPH, ABTS and H2O2) values in contrast to O. alismoides fruit extract indicating stronger antioxidant capacity in A. dioica fruit. Higher FRAP value of 106.583 ± 5.204 ?M trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry extract (DE) was found in the methanol extract of A. dioica fruit compared to that of O. alismoides fruit (44.083 ± 7.637 ?M TE/g DE). The TPC found in the methanol extracts of A. dioica and O. alismoides fruits were 146.710 ± 2.807 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g DE and 93.860 ± 1.172 mg GAE/g DE, respectively, while the TFC was found to be 72.510 ± 8.833 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g DE in A. dioica fruit and 43.270 ± 5.361 mg QE/g DE in O. alismoides fruit. These fruits are good sources of nutrients and natural antioxidants and may find applications in formulation of various pharmaceutical drugs.
Vegetables Consumption and its Benefits on Diabetes
Authors: Carlos da Silva Dias João , Imai Saeko
Published: May 2017

Vegetables are indispensable for equilibrated diets since they charge dietary fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. Each vegetable comprise a distinct amalgam and amount of these compounds, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Vegetable intakes has been highly correlated with improved gastrointestinal health, reduced risk of heart attack, some types of cancer and chronic ailments such as diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is a lifestyle ailment. Our vegetables selection and amount of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals consumed can either prevent or promote diabetes. This article highlights the nutritional and health benefits of different vegetables and their dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids, thiosulfides, magnesium, selenium, chromium, and zinc contents, to prevent and reverse diabetes. The proper order of eating vegetables before carbohydrate and its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels, and glycemic control is also discussed. Data shows that eating vegetables before carbohydrates is effective to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes patients, as well as in healthy people. So vegetables should be eaten before carbohydrates at every meal
Germain Lemieux par lui-même. Les paradoxes d’un prêtre collecteur
Authors: Pichette Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2017

Le troisième chapitre de « Germain Lemieux par lui-même », que présente Jean-Pierre Pichette, complète la série autobiographique du célèbre ethnologue (1914-2008) qui a oeuvré en Ontario français durant plus d’un demi-siècle. Tirées de la longue entrevue accordée à l’auteur en 1995, ces ultimes confidences du père Lemieux font suite aux deux volets publiés dans ces pages : un premier chapitre (1914-1958) consacré à son enfance gaspésienne, à sa formation chez les jésuites et à son installation à Sudbury, et un deuxième relatant son parcours universitaire, tardif en ce qui concerne l’ethnologie, et sa carrière de chercheur. Ce volet final rappelle les genres de la littérature orale – conte et chanson – qu’il a privilégiés pour leurs valeurs didactiques ; il témoigne ensuite des convictions qui ont balisé son cheminement pionnier, affichant en outre ses inquiétudes et ses voeux pour l’avenir du legs qu’il a fait à la francophonie ontarienne. L’auteur clôt cette trilogie en épiloguant sur les paradoxes du prêtre collecteur, particulièrement l’ambiguïté et l’originalité de sa posture, mais encore son opiniâtreté et sa marginalité. Les trois volets de ce long entretien exposent le point de vue du jésuite Germain Lemieux, qui fait à rebours le parcours de sa carrière ; ses réflexions sans prétention justifient son action et livrent une perspective inédite.
L’histoire sociale de l’Amérique française de 1763 à 1914. État des lieux
Authors: Frenette Yves
Published: May 2017

Comme son titre l’indique, le texte d’Yves Frenette constitue un tour d’horizon de l’histoire sociale de la francophonie nordaméricaine, entre le départ de la France du continent, en 1763, et la Première Guerre mondiale. Divisé en deux périodes, ce long xixe siècle « franco-américain » voit tout à la fois l’expansion et la contraction du fait français, à la mesure, d’une part, des migrations à partir des vieux foyers de peuplement qu’étaient la vallée du Saint-Laurent, l’Acadie et la Louisiane, et, d’autre part, de l’ascendance hégémonique de la langue anglaise. Après avoir fait ressortir brièvement ce double mouvement, notre collègue montre comment l’Amérique française postcoloniale a pendant longtemps été quasi ignorée des historiens. Il passe ensuite en revue les aires francophones du continent : le « grand » Canada français, l’Ontario français, l’Acadie, la Louisiane, les pays métis, les enclaves franco-européennes. Ainsi, la contribution d’Yves Frenette constitue-t-elle à la fois un bilan et une feuille de route interprétative de l’histoire sociale de l’Amérique française.
Études universitaires en français en Ontario : entre motivations personnelles et contraintes institutionnelles
Authors: Boissonneault Julie
Published: May 2017

L’étude de Julie Boissonneault s’inscrit dans le droit fil de ses préoccupations depuis plus d’une décennie et en parfait synchronisme avec les revendications contemporaines des étudiants francophones, spécialement celles de 2014 et 2015, pour le droit à l’université de langue française en Ontario. Portant son regard sur la fréquentation des établissements universitaires, elle se demande dans quelle langue les Franco-Ontariens font leur scolarité. Sont alors mises en jeu la langue maternelle et la langue de la scolarité à l’élémentaire et au secondaire comme vecteur de leur motivation à étudier en français au palier supérieur. Pour mener à terme son projet, elle analyse le discours même d’un groupe d’étudiants inscrits à l’Université Laurentienne en 2005, obtenu à l’aide d’un questionnaire par lequel ils expriment leurs motivations. L’article lève ainsi le voile sur une facette peu explorée dans le choix d’étudier dans la langue de la minorité : celle des contraintes institutionnelles qui entravent l’intention et la réalisation des études universitaires en français.
La théologie au service du bon-ententisme à l’Université d’Ottawa : le père oblat Georges Simard (1878-1956), ou comment un groulxiste devient loyaliste
Authors: Bock Michel
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose une analyse de la pensée politique du père oblat Georges Simard (1878-1956), théologien et professeur à l’Université d’Ottawa pendant la première moitié du xxe siècle. Rattaché, à l’origine, à la faction nationaliste intransigeante des oblats canadiens-français, le père Simard changea son fusil d’épaule pour épouser d’abord le « bon-ententisme », puis le loyalisme, après que Rome fut intervenue pour condamner le nationalisme catholique à la fois en Ontario français, dans le contexte de la crise du Règlement 17, et en Europe. À partir des années 1930, Simard mobilisa la théologie augustinienne pour justifier la cohabitation entre franco-catholiques et irlando-catholiques au sein de l’Université d’Ottawa, qu’il avait pourtant présentée, au début du siècle, comme l’université nationale des Canadiens français en Ontario. Cette nouvelle posture théologico-politique le conduisit aussi à combattre les intellectuels « séparatistes » qui s’étaient multipliés au Québec à la faveur de la crise économique et à appuyer sans réserve l’effort de guerre du Canada et de l’Empire britannique, dans lequel il voyait une « croisade » providentielle contre le nazisme et le communisme. L’étude de la trajectoire intellectuelle du père Simard fournit à l’historien des idées une clé précieuse pour mieux comprendre la transformation d’une partie du champ intellectuel de l’Ontario français dans le contexte de l’entre deux-guerres, ainsi que les origines religieuses du bilinguisme institutionnel au chapitre de son enseignement supérieur.
RISCO E PROTEÇÃO PARA O ENGAJAMENTO DE ADOLESCENTES EM PRÁTICAS DE ATOS INFRACIONAIS
Authors: Silveira Maria Angélica De Souza da , Maruschi Maria Cristina , Bazon Marina Rezende
Published: May 2017

A adolescência é uma fase crucial do desenvolvimento humano, mas também é vulnerável devido à exposição a fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de problemas adaptativos. No presente estudo objetivou-se apreender e descrever a experiência de adolescentes quanto à exposição a fatores de risco e de proteção no tocante ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco, especificamente à conduta infracional, considerando informações em domínios destacados na literatura: família, desenvolvimento psicológico/atitudes/comportamento social, escola, relação com pares/ amigos, lazer/uso de álcool/drogas. Vinte e quatro adolescentes do sexo masculino foram entrevistados, sendo 12 deles considerados com boa adaptação social (recrutados em escola pública) e 12 apresentando conduta delituosa (recrutados em audiência de apresentação à Promotoria Pública, devido ao indiciamento policial por autoria de ato infracional). Visou-se dar relevo às variáveis que parecem agir no sentido de fomentar respostas desadaptativas, atuando como fator de risco, ou no de garantir respostas adaptativas, atuando como fator de proteção frente às adversidades. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os adolescentes com boa adaptação social, embora submetidos a fatores de risco, principalmente no âmbito da família, seriam expostos a mais fatores de proteção que os adolescentes infratores, especialmente no contexto escolar. Este grupo pode ser considerado, portanto, especialmente vulnerável devido à ausência de fatores proteção. Esse aspecto deve ser considerado por programas de intervenção de prevenção na área.
AJUSTAMENTO DIÁDICO E CONJUGALIDADE: AVALIAÇÃO DO BEM-ESTAR NO CASAMENTO
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Santos Manoel Antônio Dos
Published: May 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo discutir a utilização da Escala de Ajustamento Diádico (EAD) para a avaliação do construto conjugalidade, a partir da investigação das correlações entre as suas dimensões: coesão, consenso, satisfação e expressão do afeto. A escala foi aplicada em uma amostra de conveniência e não-probabilística de 106 pessoas casadas e coabitando há 16,11±11,35 anos. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que todos os domínios da escala correlacionaram-se moderadamente entre si, embora a análise multivariada stepwise aponte que apenas a coesão diádica esteve diretamente associada ao consenso diádico e à expressão do afeto. Tal achado confirma a adequação da escala para a mensuração não apenas do ajustamento diádico, mas também da conjugalidade. Sugere-se a possibilidade de utilização combinada com outros instrumentos associados, que avaliem dimensões individuais de satisfação com o cônjuge.
Decreased microRNA levels lead to deleterious increases in neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in Spinal Muscular Atrophy models
Authors: O'Hern Patrick J , do Carmo G. Gonçalves Inês , Brecht Johanna , López Soto Eduardo Javier , Simon Jonah , Chapkis Natalie , Lipscombe Diane , Kye Min Jeong , Hart Anne C
Published: May 2017

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by diminished Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction and spinal motor neuron (MN) loss. Here, we report that reduced SMN function impacts the action of a pertinent microRNA and its mRNA target in MNs. Loss of the C. elegans SMN ortholog, SMN-1, causes NMJ defects. We found that increased levels of the C. elegans Gemin3 ortholog, MEL-46, ameliorates these defects. Increased MEL-46 levels also restored perturbed microRNA (miR-2) function in smn-1(lf) animals. We determined that miR-2 regulates expression of the C. elegans M2 muscarinic receptor (m2R) ortholog, GAR-2. GAR-2 loss ameliorated smn-1(lf) and mel-46(lf) synaptic defects. In an SMA mouse model, m2R levels were increased and pharmacological inhibition of m2R rescued MN process defects. Collectively, these results suggest decreased SMN leads to defective microRNA function via MEL-46 misregulation, followed by increased m2R expression, and neuronal dysfunction in SMA.
Loss of Ptpn11 (Shp2) drives satellite cells into quiescence
Authors: Griger Joscha , Schneider Robin , Lahmann Ines , Schöwel Verena , Keller Charles , Spuler Simone , Nazare Marc , Birchmeier Carmen
Published: May 2017

The equilibrium between proliferation and quiescence of myogenic progenitor and stem cells is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate skeletal muscle growth and repair. The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn11 (Shp2) is an important transducer of growth factor and cytokine signals. Here we combined complex genetic analyses, biochemical studies and pharmacological interference to demonstrate a central role of Ptpn11 in postnatal myogenesis of mice. Loss of Ptpn11 drove muscle stem cells out of the proliferative and into a resting state during muscle growth. This Ptpn11 function was observed in postnatal but not fetal myogenic stem cells. Furthermore, muscle repair was severely perturbed when Ptpn11 was ablated in stem cells due to a deficit in stem cell proliferation and survival. Our data demonstrate a molecular difference in the control of cell cycle withdrawal in fetal and postnatal myogenic stem cells, and assign to Ptpn11 signaling a key function in satellite cell activity.
Microbial consortia at steady supply
Authors: Taillefumier Thibaud , Posfai Anna , Meir Yigal , Wingreen Ned S
Published: May 2017

Metagenomics has revealed hundreds of species in almost all microbiota. In a few well-studied cases, microbial communities have been observed to coordinate their metabolic fluxes. In principle, microbes can divide tasks to reap the benefits of specialization, as in human economies. However, the benefits and stability of an economy of microbial specialists are far from obvious. Here, we physically model the population dynamics of microbes that compete for steadily supplied resources. Importantly, we explicitly model the metabolic fluxes yielding cellular biomass production under the constraint of a limited enzyme budget. We find that population dynamics generally leads to the coexistence of different metabolic types. We establish that these microbial consortia act as cartels, whereby population dynamics pins down resource concentrations at values for which no other strategy can invade. Finally, we propose that at steady supply, cartels of competing strategies automatically yield maximum biomass, thereby achieving a collective optimum.
Saccadic suppression as a perceptual consequence of efficient sensorimotor estimation
Authors: Crevecoeur Frédéric , Kording Konrad P
Published: May 2017

Humans perform saccadic eye movements two to three times per second. When doing so, the nervous system strongly suppresses sensory feedback for extended periods of time in comparison to movement time. Why does the brain discard so much visual information? Here we suggest that perceptual suppression may arise from efficient sensorimotor computations, assuming that perception and control are fundamentally linked. More precisely, we show theoretically that a Bayesian estimator should reduce the weight of sensory information around the time of saccades, as a result of signal dependent noise and of sensorimotor delays. Such reduction parallels the behavioral suppression occurring prior to and during saccades, and the reduction in neural responses to visual stimuli observed across the visual hierarchy. We suggest that saccadic suppression originates from efficient sensorimotor processing, indicating that the brain shares neural resources for perception and control.
Common and rare genetic markers of lipid variation in subjects with type 2 diabetes from the ACCORD clinical trial
Authors: Marvel Skylar W. , Rotroff Daniel M. , Wagner Michael J. , Buse John B. , Havener Tammy M. , McLeod Howard L. , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. ,   The ACCORD/ACCORDion Investigators
Published: May 2017

Background

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Alterations in circulating lipid levels, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) are heritable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Here we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of common and rare variants to investigate associations with baseline lipid levels in 7,844 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the ACCORD clinical trial.

Methods

DNA extracted from stored blood samples from ACCORD participants were genotyped using the Affymetrix Axiom Biobank 1 Genotyping Array. After quality control and genotype imputation, association of common genetic variants (CV), defined as minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 3%, with baseline levels of TC, LDL, HDL, and TG was tested using a linear model. Rare variant (RV) associations (MAF < 3%) were conducted using a suite of methods that collapse multiple RV within individual genes.

Results

Many statistically significant CV (p < 1 × 10−8) replicate findings in large meta-analyses in non-diabetic subjects. RV analyses also confirmed findings in other studies, whereas significant RV associations with CNOT2, HPN-AS1, and SIRPD appear to be novel (q < 0.1).

Discussion

Here we present findings for the largest GWAS of lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes to date. We identified 17 statistically significant (p < 1 × 10−8) associations of CV with lipid levels in 11 genes or chromosomal regions, all of which were previously identified in meta-analyses of mostly non-diabetic cohorts. We also identified 13 associations in 11 genes based on RV, several of which represent novel findings.
Porites superfusamortality and recovery from a bleaching event at Palmyra Atoll, USA
Authors: Furby Kathryn Anne , Smith Jennifer Ellen , Sandin Stuart Adrian
Published: May 2017

Background

The demography of a coral colony is not a binary trajectory of life and death. Based on the flexibility afforded by colonial organization, most reef-building corals employ a variety of dynamic survival strategies, including growth and shrinkage. The demographic flexibility affects coral size, shape and reproductive output, among other factors. It is thus critical to quantify the relative importance of key dynamics of recruitment, mortality, growth and shrinkage in changing the overall cover of coral on a reef.

Methods

Using fixed photographic quadrats, we tracked the patterns of change in the cover of one common central Pacific coral,Porites superfusa, before and after the 2009 ENSO event.

Results

Coral colonies suffered both whole and partial colony mortality, although larger colonies were more likely to survive. In subsequent years, recruitment of new colonies and regrowth of surviving colonies both contributed to the modest recovery ofP. superfusa.

Discussion

This study is unique in its quantitative comparisons of coral recruitment versus regrowth during periods of areal expansion. Our data suggest that recovery is not limited simply to the long pathway of settlement, recruitment and early growth of new colonies but is accelerated by means of regrowth of already established colonies having suffered partial mortality.
Síndrome de asperger e inhibición conductual: retraso en la gratificación a través de la estimulación del vínculo afectivo
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile, Bustos-Valenzuela Patricia
Published: May 2017

En la actualidad ha surgido un importante interés acerca del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), dado el aumento de la prevalencia de éste. Se ha indicado que 1 de cada 68 niños lo padece, ello a nivel mundial, según datos de DSM-V (2013). No obstante, en Chile el porcentaje aún no está claro, siendo las cifras proporcionados por el Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC) lo más certero a nivel estadístico con lo que se cuenta en la actualidad, ello dada la atención de estudiantes con TEA bajo la modalidad del Decreto Supremo N°170/2010. La presente investigación, busca probar que el vínculo afectivo docente/estudiante, en niños con TEA, contribuye a la mejora del funcionamiento de la función ejecutiva (FE) de control inhibitorio. Para ello se realizó una investigación bajo una metodología cuantitativa, mediante un diseño experimental, de caso único. Los resultados indican que efectivamente el vínculo afectivo que se facilita entre docente/estudiante promueve un mayor desarrollo y funcionamiento de la FE de control inhibitorio, en el desempeño de la prueba TENI. Lo anterior representa un importante elemento a considerar en las terapias que se utilizan en niños y niñas con diagnóstico de TEA, a nivel preescolar, específicamente en kínder, tomando como base la vinculación afectiva que se podría facilitar a través de la consideración de los intereses, habilidades y necesidades que un niño podría manifestar, i.e., considerar la posibilidad de adaptar las intervenciones a las necesidades que un niño o niña con TEA podría presentar, tomando como base para ello el trabajo a través de la vinculación afectiva.
El rol de las experiencias relacionales con profesores en la construcción identitaria de estudiantes de pedagogía
Authors:   Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rojas Torres Matías Ignacio
Published: May 2017

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender la importancia de las relaciones con profesores en la construcción de la identidad docente de estudiantes de pedagogía. Mediante una combinación de técnicas propias de la metodología cualitativa (teoría fundada y enfoque narrativo) se analizaron relatos de vida de seis estudiantes de pedagogía que fueron invitados a contar sus historias respondiendo una entrevista semi-estructurada con formato narrativo. En esta tarea las relaciones pasadas y presentes con sus profesores fueron un referente ineludible. Desde los primeros años de carrera ya han construido representaciones mentales sobre las relaciones ideales con sus futuros alumnos, fundamentadas en las relaciones rememoradas con sus profesores y en las experiencias tempranas en roles pedagógicos (prácticas profesionales, clases particulares o voluntariados). Las características más recordadas de las relaciones profesor-alumno son conductas y actitudes de los docentes que transmiten seguridad emocional. Los entrevistados mostraron que la reflexividad autobiográfica es esencial para generar un ejercicio docente propio, rechazando y/o apropiándose de lo que les enseñaron y mostraron sus profesores. En este ejercicio representaron un ideal basado en un equilibrio entre la autoridad pedagógica y la cercanía emocional, dado que los profesores percibidos como demasiado cercanos o distantes fueron rechazados como modelos.