bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
知情同意臨床實踐實證研究——第一人稱視角的考察
Authors: CHEN Hua , MA Yonghui
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.知情同意作為一項權利，患者成為闡述其體驗的首要主體。實證調查表明，患者對於其權利認知還存在不足，多數偏好於患者與家庭共用模式；在實踐中，知情與同意在主體層面存在分離現象。對於病情的告知傾向於任選模式，但家庭是不可或缺的告知物件，對於診療、護理等相關資訊，傾向於患者模式；在同意方面，家屬成為獲取同意的主體。經濟因素成為患方“不同意”的首要原因。對於不同維度的調查表明，基於女性相對脆弱性特點，他們對於家庭的依賴性更強，其維權意識更強；在年齡層面，青少年對於權利的認知更理性，具有現代契約精神。在地域層面，縣級以上城市居民對於權利認知度更高；職業往往與教育程度相關，表明農民的個體依賴性更強；政府機關以及事業單位人員個體主體性更強。為此，需要加強患者權利教育，提升主體意識；對醫務人員加強職業道德教育，履行告知義務，強化醫患信任；深化醫療衛生體制改革，為知情同意的踐行提供空間與時間。An informed consent document is vital for all surgical procedures and medical treatments. Proper documentation and counseling of patients is important for informed consent. Opinion polls conducted in this essay show that the majority of people in China today have accepted informed consent as a legally binding medical policy, yet they do not fully understand the ethical and legal connotations involved, particularly the idea of the patient’s autonomy. As a result, the patient’s own experience as a first-person narrative is often ignored and his/her subjectivity is blurred when his/her family’s subjectivity intervenes. According to the essay, the problem appears when liberalism—which emphasizes individual autonomy and rights—does not square with the Confucian tradition that emphasizes family as a coherent unit. The essay also points out that there is a huge difference in patients’ perceptions of “individual rights,” due to their different levels of education. The author argues that informed consent could be better practiced if both doctors and patients were “well informed” and understood the moral and legal implications of informed consent.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 97 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
儒家“誠”基礎上的器官家庭捐獻
Authors: CAI Yu
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文首先探討了儒家的“誠”與作為人之本性的“仁”之間的關係，指出“誠”是“仁”的前提與基礎。筆者認為“誠”賦予“仁”三個基本特徵：“真摯性”、“無外在目的性”和“客觀性”。這三個特徵都與儒家家庭和家庭成員間的“親親之愛”緊密聯繫。其後，本文提出儒家排斥“鄉願”式的器官捐獻。同時，文章指出，由於“誠”的要求，儒家認為對家庭成員的“親親之愛”應該是對非家庭成員的仁愛的前提、基礎和不可或缺的必要條件。因而，個人捐獻原則是與“誠”的價值觀存在一定的矛盾，而家庭捐獻原則才是符合儒家倫理的。最後，本文對人體器官的家庭捐獻原則進行了制度設計。Organ donation is the gift of an organ to help someone who needs a transplant to survive. Yet with limited organs available, the following question arises. Who should be given priority in terms of donation procedures—the individual who has personally committed to offer his/her organs to anyone in need, or the legal next of kin, i.e., family members? This essay approaches this question with reference to the Confucian ethics of sincerity (cheng), which is viewed as a precondition for the ethics of humanness (ren), arguing that family members should be given priority in decisions on organ donation. The author recommends that a policy of family consent for organ donation be implemented, as such a policy would reflect the significant role that family should play in making decisions on critical issues such as organ donation. The essay concludes that rather than emphasizing the right of individuals to decide what will happen after they die, a policy of family involvement would encourage more people to become donors and avoid conflict in cases of disagreement between donors and family members.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 75 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
自由主義與婚姻和家庭的變遷: 對查瑞教授一文的回應
Authors: ZHANG Yanliang
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.This article makes a brief comment on Professor Cherry’s essay. After summarizing his main ideas, I put forward four different points of view. In short, I think his argument places too much emphasis on the impacts of liberalism on the transformation of marriage and family life, and overlooks the immense influences of technological developments and other societal changes.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 305 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
也談同性戀與婚姻
Authors: WU Fei
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Xianglong Zhang’s position on same-sex marriage is tolerance with reservations. He contends that Confucianism does not affirm or deny homosexuality as ancient Greek culture or Christianity did, because it regards homosexuality and same-sex marriage as two completely separate issues. By distinguishing marriage from homosexuality, the Confucian view proposed by Zhang neither violates the freedom of homosexuals nor affects the order of marriage and family. It can provide a more sensible perspective for people to understand the relationship between homosexuality and marriage in today’s world.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 192 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
前言: 當代生命倫理學所面臨的問題: 共性與殅性
Authors: ZHANG Ellen Y.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese當代生命倫理學有幾個具有時代印記的問題，如老年化社會的危機，醫學生物科技的挑戰，醫患關係的重新定位，從傳統醫學治療（medical treatment）轉向健康護理（healthcare）所引發的醫療費用的增長等等。我們對這些問題的倫理思考，既需要文化普遍性的考量，也需要文化特殊性的斟酌。本期所刊登的文章，部分來自香港浸會大學應用倫理學中心於2019年5月在廣州舉辦的第十三屆「建構中國生命倫理學」研討會。其中不少問題仍然涉及到如何看待西方生命倫理學原則在中國語境下的應用與踐。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 38 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
養老領域中的代際衝突與代際公平——基於儒家倫理的視閾
Authors: WANG Jue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從世界範園看，代際公平早已經是一個與養老金改革、醫療資源配置等問題深度捆綁的核心議題。代際公平危機首先凸顯在養老金赤字上，並進一步危及到社會養老保險制度的公平性，危及到養老保障制度的基礎－－代際契約。就倫理層面而言，如何在老齡化的壓力重構代際契約成為決定代際公平辯論走向的關鍵。本文擬簡述目前在代際公平辯論中佔主導地位的解釋範式，並批判性地審查其倫理意蘊與局限性。在此基礎上，本文擬提供一種基於儒家倫理思想的替代性的解釋範式。本文試圖論證儒家倫理及其蘊含的代際契約不僅為解決代際公平問題提供了新的思路，而且也為當前中國養老制度改革提供一些重要的政策建議。From a global perspective, generational equity has long been a core issue in pension reform and medical resource allocation. Indeed, discussion of generational equity involves a financial crisis related to pension deficits and the fairness of the pension system, which is a crisis that threatens the ethical foundation of the social insurance institution, i.e., the intergenerational contract. From an ethical perspective, how to reconstruct the intergenerational contract under the pressure of aging is crucial to the debate on generational equity. This study critically examines the dominant framework of the debate on generational equity and proposes an alternative interpretation framework based on Confucian ethics. Finally, this study argues that Confucian ethics and the interpretation of the intergenerational contract not only shed new light on the issue of generational equity but also provide important policy implications for the current pension system reform in China.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 33 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
世界首例基因編輯嬰兒事件的科學與倫理學思考
Authors: FU Deming , WANG Hongqi
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.南方科技大學賀建奎博士 2018年11月26曰宣佈一對基因編輯嬰兒於11月在中國健康誕生為背景，分析了使用CRISPR/Cas9基因編辑技術以及選擇CCR5作為抵抗愛滋病感染靶標存在的科學和倫理學問題，探討了相關研究可能對人類遺傳物質造成不可逆轉的改造，進而混入人類的基因庫具有巨大風險和倫理爭議。因此，現階段應對基因編辑相關研究加強規範和監管，在技術尚不成熟的情況下，不能隨意開展人類生殖細胞和人類胚胎基因編辑研究，更不能質然推廣到臨床研究。This study is based on the announcement by Dr. He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology on November 26, 2018 that a pair of gene-edited babies were born in China in November. It discusses the ethical problems posed by Dr. He's research in CRISPR-based gene editing technology for human embryos, analyzes the scientific and ethical problems in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and choosing CCR5 as the target of anti-AIDS infection, and investigates the feasibility of relevant research. The fact that human genetic material can be irreversibly transformed into a human gene pool presents a huge risk and an ethical controversy. Therefore, we should strengthen the regulation and supervision of gene editing research at this stage. In this immature phase of technology development, we cannot conduct gene editing research with human germ cells and human embryos at will, especially clinical research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 100 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從屬性論及關係論看胎兒在道教的道德地位
Authors: YU Kim Lung
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.西方對於胎兒道德地位的討論，以胎兒是否人類為焦點；然而細讀文本，即可發現胎兒能否算是人並不是道經最關心的問題。討論胎兒是人與否可能未必是最適合於分析道教的胎兒觀。因此，本文嘗試以道經文本為起點，以屬性論和闢係論為進路，考察胎兒在道教中是否及如何具有道德地位。本文發現胎兒在道教中不必被明言被定義為人，也能獲取與成人相同的道德地位。因為道經中對胎兒的定義可分為兩大類：一是以之為反映宇宙空間結構、重覆宇宙創生過程、寓居萬神的顯聖 物。從屬性論的進路分析，可見此等胎兒具有與成人一樣的神聖屬性，因而也與成人一樣具有同等的道德地位；二是胎兒與母親有宿世冤仇的關係。從關係論的進路分析，可見此等胎兒與其母親具有密切的身心聯繫，因而也應與其母親一樣具有同等的、完整的人的道德地位。The West generally focuses on whether a fetus is a human being when discussing its moral status. However, a carefully reading of the Taoist scriptures indicates that this question is less important and may not be the best way to consider the status of the fetus in Taoism. Therefore, this study focuses on the Taoist scriptures, using the approaches of the theory of attributes and the theory of relationships, to determine whether a fetus has a moral status and what it is. It is found that it is not necessary for a fetus to be a human being to have a moral status as an adult. Indeed, in the Taoist scriptures, the definition of a fetus is divided into two categories: 1. A fetus is a hierophany parallel to the structure of the cosmos, a process of repetitive creation of the cosmos in which gods and goddesses live. Based on the theory of attributes, a fetus has the same sacred attributes as an adult and therefore has the same moral status. 2. A fetus has a relationship with the mother as enemies and creditors of past lives. Based on the theory of relationships, a fetus has a physical and spiritual relationship closely related to the mother and should therefore have a moral status equal to that of a complete human being.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 50 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
藏傳佛教與古代藏醫學發展
Authors: CHEN Xi
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.藏醫學作為一門歷史悠久的傳统民族醫學，至今仍有極高的臨床價值。在古代藏醫學的歷史發展過程中，藏傳佛教扮演著極為重要的角色，它與古印度阿輸吠陀醫學引入西藏密不可分，因而對藏醫學三因素七物質平衡的基礎理論奠定起到重要作用。而天葬儀式更為解剖研究提供便利，僧侶培養過程中對醫學的重視也進一步推動藏醫教育發展。然而，藏傳佛教也賦予藏醫學特殊的宗教特徵，對藏醫學的發展產生了複雜的影響。As a traditional ethnic medicine with a long history, Tibetan medicine still has great clinical value today. Tibetan Buddhism played an extremely important role during the development of Tibetan medicine. Closely related to the introduction of ancient Indian Ayurvedic medicine to Tibet, Tibetan Buddhism laid the foundation of the basic theory of the balance between the three factors and seven substances of Tibetan medicine. The celestial burial ceremony was convenient for anatomical research, and the emphasis on medical knowledge during the education of monks further promoted the development of Tibetan medical education. However, Tibetan Buddhism also introduced special religious characteristics to traditional Tibetan medicine and has had complex influence on the long-term development of ancient Tibetan medicine.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 46 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
人工智能時代的價值轉向及倫理秩序重構——評＜在ＡＩ醫生和病人之間——人工智能診斷技術的內在邏輯及其對病人主體性建構的影響＞一文
Authors: JIANG Hui
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.This paper comments on the article "Between AI Physician and Patient: The Logic of AI Diagnosis and its Impact on Patient Subjectivity." The article's content is clear and its expression is precise. However, due to the theme and focus of the article and limitations on space, it does not thoroughly analyze the problems with AI and its potential combination with traditional Chinese culture. For example, it does not consider the ethical relationship between AI and human beings; Confucianism, personality and emotion after the formation of AI self-consciousness; the development of the role of AI doctors; temporary disability and patients’ primary status in health care; the social environment, rights and obligations of disabled persons and patients with chronic diseases; or the interaction between genetic editing and life sciences. There is still much room to pursue these challenging directions for research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 46 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
資料理性權力、資料話語權力和資料宰製——ＡＩ醫療的“資料醫療模式”對人的抹殺
Authors: CAI Yu
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.This paper proposes that we should be alert to the power of data rationality in AI medical treatment, as data rationality may be disguised as "truth" to exclude other explanations. We should be alert to the discursive power of data knowledge in AI medical treatment, i.e., the potential for AI to replace doctors' knowledge and exclude other traditional knowledge by constructing new knowledge content, objects and rules. We should be aware of the possibility of AI data domination, namely the use of digitalization to monitor, discipline and coerce patients. We should also be alert to the alienating effect of the "data medical mode," which can erase people with data. Therefore, we should avoid a data monopoly, medical dependence on AI and the privatization of AI.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 35 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
醫療ＡＩ: 在資料利用與隱私保護之間起舞
Authors: WANG Yue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.At present, the development of AI depends on three core elements: high-quality data, accurate algorithms and sufficient computing power. New technologies represented by big data, cloud computing and AI are exerting a significant impact on traditional data protection. Individuals' control over their personal data is weakening, data protection is becoming more difficult, and traditional measures of privacy protection are at risk of failure. These are the most representative problems in the conflict between the development of new technology and privacy protection. A new legal and ethical framework that values humans' physical safety, health and dignity should be established and deeply integrated into the entire life cycle of the design, production and application of medical AI. Based on this premise, effort should be made to promote the development of medical AI for the benefit of mankind.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 38 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
疫區、口罩與無症狀感染者——新型冠狀病毒疫情如何破壞了我們的公共生活
Authors: CHENG Guobin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.新型冠狀病毒疫情所帶來的巨大的、彌散的、不確定的威脅，使社會公共生活中人們熟悉和信賴的闢係與界限變得糢糊。在這種情沉下，人們最需要的就是發現“敵人”，重新為人際闢係和公共生活找到確定性。在精準、高效的科學檢測手段獲得普及之前，人們不得不選擇簡易的標籤化方法進行區 分。疫區標籤是通過清潔與污染的劃分來保護現有的正常生活秩序，但在找到敵人的過程中有可能造成對無辜者的誤傷；口罩標數的使用則首先指向了人群的區分與界限，是想要在混亂之中先找到群體邊界和歸屬感，但有可能會轉變為主動去創造敵人。這些手段的根本目的都是為了實現自我保護，但在這樣的利害關係考量之外，還存在著某種個人對他人和公共生活的普遍義務，只有我們能夠在生存危機的巨大壓力下選擇堅持這一道德義務，才能為戰勝疫情奠定真正的希望。當代的公共生活是一個緊密地彼此闢聯、密切交通、相互滲入和共生性的整體，但這個共同體本身是十分脆弱的，在巨大的安全壓力之下很容易滑向分裂與隔離。新型冠狀病毒疫情既是一次嚴峻的挑戰，又是一次重要的演習，我們需要在其中學到足夠多的經驗，為未來可能出現的更大危機做好準備。The huge, diffuse, and uncertain threat brought about by the Covid-19 epidemic has blurred familiar and trusted relationships and the boundaries of public life. Under such circumstances, what people need most is to uncover the “enemy” and regain certainty in interpersonal relations and the public sphere. Before the popularization of accurate and efficient scientific detection methods, people used simple labeling methods to tell concepts apart. Labeling epidemic areas protects the status quo by demarcating cleanliness from pollution, but in finding the enemy, doing so may cause accidental injury to the innocent. Labeling masks allows distinctions in the crowd so that group boundaries and senses of belonging can be found in chaos. However, such labeling may lead to the creation of enemies. The fundamental goal of these methods is self-protection. Nevertheless, in addition to such considerations, individuals have a wider moral obligation to others and to public life. Only by choosing to adhere to our moral obligations under the enormous pressure of a survival crisis can we find true hope to defeat the epidemic. Contemporary public life is a symbiotic community that is closely related, in close communication, and mutually enmeshed. Such a community is very fragile, and it can easily slip into divisiveness and become isolated under huge security pressures. The Covid-19 epidemic is not only a serious challenge, but also an important exercise. We need to learn enough to prepare for greater crisis that may arise in the future.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
從儒家倫理學到“儒家生命倫理學”的距離
Authors: WANG Shuai
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.生命倫理學由於強調平等和尊重的價值而使個體在道德困境中的抉擇顯得尤為重要，同時道德困境本身也要求個體具有一定的道德抉擇能力。就此而言，構建“儒家生命倫理”可能面臨兩個挑戰：從生命倫理學科性質而言，儒家面臨的是關於西方式“個體”概念缺失的問題；另外從個體抉擇方面而言，儒家似乎又面臨著缺乏道德抉擇能力的困境。前者是生命倫理學科的本質要求，後者則似乎是儒學內部的理論困境。二者似乎表明，儒家與生命倫理學科不能相容。面對當下中國令人憂慮的道德現狀，澄清上述問題就顯得必要。本文將通過分析儒家倫理思想來澄清上述兩個挑戰。由於儒家理解世界的方式不同於西方，我們就不能以西方流行的生命倫理學科標準來衡量儒家倫理學說。文章指出，儒家將一般人與儒者區別開來，也並不以要求君子的道德標準來要求一般人。儒家將承擔道義的責任更多的賦予了代表“天命”的儒者，以道在倫常日用之中的實用理性精神為本質特徵，開創了儒家理解道德和解決道德困境的獨特維度。然而，鑒於當代儒家的遭遇，構建“儒家生命倫理”依舊任重道遠。Contemporary bioethics and moral principles often emphasize values such as human dignity, equality, and individual autonomy, particularly in the case of moral dilemmas. Given that traditional Confucian ethics does not speak of these values, the effort to construct “Confucian bioethics” today may face challenges from two aspects: (1) the notion of individualism, and (2) individual autonomy that makes moral choices possible. The paper contends that there is an ethical incommensurability between traditional Confucian moral philosophy and contemporary bioethics. This leads to the argument that one cannot simply apply the moral principles of bioethics to assess and judge Confucian ethics. It also contends that the Confucian ethical viewpoint represents a kind of elitism that sets up moral standards for a minority, rather than for everyone in society. Therefore, Confucianism by default will not be able to answer many of the questions raised by bioethics, which has been highly influenced by a modern democratic system.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 673 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
道、技與自然——現代生物科技的莊子式批判
Authors: LI Hongwen
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.現代生物科技的廣泛應用引發了一系列社會、法律和倫理問題，它帶來的負面效應正如它的正面效果一樣多。現代生物科技的基本邏輯體現在：它採取還原論的思維模式，秉承改善生命的宗旨，以及持有技術樂觀主義的態度。作者運用莊子的哲學思想對現代生物科技展開一般性批評。作者指出，現代生物科技首先表現出強烈的反自然性，它向自然提出過分要求，干擾、阻止事物順其自然、按其本性來展示自己。現代生物科技還表現出異化特徵，主要體現在物質化和資本化兩個方面。物質化將人的活動限制在物的層面，片面追求物的有用性；資本化則導致生物資本主義的發展。用莊子道家的語言，技術的非自然性和異化的直接原因是“道”“技”分離。因此，為了走出現代生物技術的陷阱，應該採取莊子“道技合一”的方式，實現“技不離道”、“以道馭技”、“道法自然”之完美結合。Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses such as engineering, technology, and medical research. This paper highlights the social, legal, and moral issues brought about by modern biotechnology. It is particularly concerned with materialism, capitalism, and commercialism where biotechnological means are explored and exploited without ethical boundaries. The result of biotechnological abuse is that we human beings will become increasingly alienated from our authentic nature and being.Daoism was one of the major philosophical traditions of ancient China, based on the teaching of Laozi and Zhuangzi. This paper focuses on the Daoist view of human life and its relation to the natural world from Zhuangzi’s perspective. It will be contended that we must put “human flourishing” – the Dao – first, before we care about the utility of science and technology – the Ji. According to Daoism, true human self-realization depends on the unity between the Dao and the Ji.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 138 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
ANALISIS PERKEBUNAN ORGANIK SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR EKOSISTEM
Authors: Mia Cholvis , Widowati Hening
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The current curriculum implementation in 2013 emphasizes learning based on the application of daily life in accordance with scientific learning. This study aims to observe and analyze the potential of learning resources in the Organic Garden 23 Karang Rejo Metro City with the subject matter of Ecosystem Class X SMA. The results of the study of the potential sources of learning obtained by biotic components, namely types of vegetable plants, types of flowering plants, insects and abiotic components that form food webs and energy cycles. Based on the criteria for making teaching materials consisting of clarity of potential, conformity with learning objectives, clarity of objectives, clarity of information that can be revealed, clarity of exploration guidelines, clarity of acquisition that is expected to study learning resources for packaging teaching materials can be used as a reference for the development of teaching materials based on local potential through adjustments to the 2013 curriculum, characteristics and needs of students.
BIOHERBISIDA SEBAGAI PENGARUH NEGATIF TERHADAP TANAMAN BAWANG DAUN
Authors: Cahyati Novia , Sutanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a tropical country that has a high biodiversity of both its flora and fauna.Plants are able to flourish both with high economical value as well as plants that have no high economical value.Growth that does not have a high economical value one of them is weed crops.Weed crops flourish in agricultural and plantation areas. The presence of this weed plant is able to mangakibatkan the underlying plant is disturbed growth because weed plants have the same condition of growing with the staple plants then need to be held weed crop control to improve the production of staple crops.Weeds and Babadotans have active compounds that can inhibit the growth of staple crops.The mechanism of action of alelopathy is able to inhibit crops in absorbing nutrients from the environment and affect the normal growth of plants.The roots are entrances for nutrients and water from the ground, which is essential for the soil's physiological process.Water absorption barriers caused the process of photosynthesis because water is a raw material of photosynthesis.In addition the process of exchanging water, CO2, and O2 in the stomata of the leaves needed in the metabolism of corn seedlings is hindered due to the impact of the alelopathy of weed extracts, resulting in a decrease in wet weights and stunted photosynthesis caused a slightly low dry weight.The mechanism of alelopathy is able to reduce the content of chlorophyll and the rate of photosynthesis.
STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI TUMBUHAN PADA HABITAT BUNGA BANGKAI (Amorphophallus titanumBecc. ) Becc. CAGAR ALAM PAGAR GUNUNG 1V KEPAHIANG BENGKULU
Authors: Komsiati Komsiati , Achyani Achyani
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. merupakan bunga tertinggi di dunia dengan keunikannya, saat ini keberadaannya sangat langka dengan status nyaris punah. Keunikan tumbuhan adanya bau yang menyerupai bau bangkai sertamemiliki ketinggian hingga mencapai 2.5 meter. Termasuk kedalam suku Araceae (talas-talasan). Marga terdiri dari sekitar 176 jenis yang tersebar di seluruh dunia, 25 jenis diantaranya atau sekitar 14,2 % terdapat di Indonesia. Merupakan 8 jenis endemik di Sumatera. Kondisi iklim mikro yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan bunga Amorphophallus titanum umumnya di lingkungan dengan suhu rendah, dan kelembaban tinggi, serta intensitas cahaya matahari yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Struktur dan Komposisi Tumbuhan Pada Habitat Bunga Amorphophallus titanum Becc. di Cagar Alam Pagar Gunung IV Kepahiang Propinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan April di Cagar Alam Pagar Gunung IV Propinsi Bengkulu. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan data primer diambil dengan langsung kelokasi penelitian sedangkan data skunder diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penduduk. Sampel vegetasi diambil langsung ketempat penelitian pada transek – transek pengamatan di lokasi target di lakukan pendataan jenis tumbuhan yang terdapat di dalam plot – plot pengamatan 2 x 2 m2 dan 5 x 5 m2, masing – masing sebanyak 10 plot. Kemudian sampel yang di ambil di awetkan sebagai herbarium kering untuk keperluan identifikasi di laboratorium.
PENGARUH VARIASI DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK LIMBAH CAIR NANAS (LCN) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SELADA
Authors: Muarif Moh , Sujarwanta Agus , Santoso Handoko , Muhfahroyin Muhfahroyin
Published: March 2021

Abstract: This research is an experimental research, which aims to determine the effect of variation dosage in of organic pineapple liquid waste fertilizer,  on the growth and productivity of red lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L) and its potential as learning resources of biology learning. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design with 1 control and 3 treatment combinations and 5 repetitions. This research was conducted for 30 days. The parameters which is used in this research include plant height and wet weight of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L), with supporting data in the form of number of leaves and stem diameter. The main data is tabulated and analysed using the SPSS 25.0 application which includes Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results of this research can be concluded that the application of organic fertillizer from pineaplle liquid waste has a significant influence on the growth and product of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The results of the research be used as a practical guide on plant growth and development materials.
Temática e ideas literarias en la obra periodística de Félix Grande
Authors: Gómez Vaquero Alberto , Parratt Fernández Sonia
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo aborda un aspecto inexplorado de la obra de Félix Grande: la temática y las ideas literarias en los textos periodísticos del autor. Grande expone una suerte de teoría poética para abogar por una creación que proviene de la emoción y del respeto por el lenguaje. Resalta la importancia que el sufrimiento tiene como fuente para la creación literaria y carga contra las páginas impolutas, donde la técnica y la innovación expresiva no bastan para poder hablar de arte. Desde un subjetivismo de tradición romántica, defiende que todo gran literato debe acompañar su calidad artística de una conducta moral y alejada del egocentrismo.
European spatial planning beyond sovereignty
Authors: Faludi Andreas
Published: March 2021

By definition sovereign, States find themselves inescapably in a situation of permanent competition. Moreover, given that an inherent quality of sovereignty is to exclude obeying whomever else, nobody, neither individuals nor institutions can arbitrate between them. This being the case, in the international arena power becomes the one and only currency. It seems basic even to each State’s survival: in this endless competition, the sustainability of each depends on the capacity to maintain a sufficient level of power.

(Badie, 2018, p.44 translated by the author)

What is ... needed is reflecting on new ways of adapting politics and democracy to the unique and universal world of networks...

(Balligand and Maquart, 1990, p.219 translated by the author)

 

The above quotes relate to the ambivalence of its members towards the European Union construct. Wishing to remain sovereign, they simultaneously acknowledge that they have to adapt to a new world. So, they conclude treaties which give the Union specific powers. Unable to unilaterally give itself powers, or ‘competences’ in EU jargon, their Union is therefore ‘intergovernmental’. If it were able to assume powers on its own, it would be like a federal state. As such, the Union could exercise some degree of ‘territoriality’, or control over its borders. As it is, it cannot.
Does territory really matters and, if so, how?
Authors: Santamaria Frédéric , Elissalde Bernard
Published: March 2021

The ambitions of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) in relation to the development of European Union space seem to have been dissolved in the notion of territory which has become a key word in EU Cohesion Policy. The term ‘territory’ has been the subject of many debates, from attempts at definitions, to its rejection as a marker of a renunciation of the aspiration to reflect on, and adjust, development to spatial realities. Based on a constructivist definition of the concept of territory, this article argues that it is not possible to separate territory as a ‘container’ from the various realities of space in so far as the two dimensions are closely intertwined. Furthermore, it could be useful to consider these two dimensions in analysing EU space when reflecting on spatial planning at this scale.
Beyond 2020
Authors: Böhme Kai
Published: March 2021

The adoption of the Territorial Agenda 2030, some 20 years after the adoption of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) (European Commission, 1999) presents an opportunity to both look back on what has been achieved and envisage developments for the next 20 years. This paper starts with some personal reflections on the aspirations put forward in the ESDP and some key achievements. The main part of the paper then concentrates on what might be done differently over the next 20 years. It is argued that because the world has changed substantially since 1999 it is time to breathe new life into the original objectives of the ESDP and support them with clear governance and implementation tools. Furthermore, the geographical coverage ought to be extended to cover the Western Balkans. The final section offers an outlook on what we might want to see when looking back again 20 years from now.
Development of ATmega 328P micro-controller emulator for educational purposes
Authors: Šipoš Michal , Šimoňák Slavomír
Published: March 2021

The paper presents some of our recent results in the field of computer emulation for supporting and enhancing the educational processes. The ATmega 328P micro-controller emulator has been developed as a set of emuStudio emulation platform extension modules (plug-ins). The platform is used at the Department of Computers and Informatics as a studying and teaching support tool. Within the Assembler course, currently, the Intel 8080 architecture and language is briefly described as a preliminary preparation material for the study of Intel x86 architecture, and the Intel 8080 emuStudio emulator module is used here. The aim of this work is to explore the possibility to enrich the course by introducing a more up-to-date and relevant technology and the ATmega is the heart of Arduino – a popular hardware and software prototyping platform. We consider the options to make the process of studying the assembly language principles more attractive for students and using the ATmega AVR architecture, which is broadly deployed in embedded systems, seems to be one of them.
Statistical complexity of the kicked top model considering chaos
Authors: Fülöp Ágnes
Published: March 2021

The concept of the statistical complexity is studied to characterize the classical kicked top model which plays important role in the qbit systems and the chaotic properties of the entanglement. This allow us to understand this driven dynamical system by the probability distribution in phase space to make distinguish among the regular, random and structural complexity on finite simulation. We present the dependence of the kicked top and kicked rotor model through the strength excitation in the framework of statistical complexity.
ANTIOXIDATIVE AND INHIBITION POTENCY OF CYNODONTIN
Authors: Đorović Jelena , Antonijević Marko , Marković Zoran
Published: March 2021

The antioxidant activity of cynodontin was studied in the absence and the presence of free radical species. This in silico study was performed in water and benzene, with the aim to simulate polar and non-polar environment. To determine the most probable mechanism of antioxidant action, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. The change in reaction enthalpy of cynodontin with three different free radicals (hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and methyl peroxyl radical) were examined and presented. SET-PT (Single Electron Transfer – Proton Transfer) mechanism is not an operative mechanism of antioxidant action. The obtained results imply that the possible mechanism of antioxidant action in water is SPLET (Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer), while in benzene HAT (Hydrogen atom transfer) and SPLET are competitive mechanisms. The molecular docking study was performed in order to estimate the inhibition potency of the investigated compound toward human leukocyte elastase (HLE). The obtained results indicate that numerous interactions determine the inhibition activity towards the investigated protein.
ENHANCED DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF TIMOSHENKO BEAM ON ELASTIC AND METAMATERIAL FOUNDATIONS
Authors: Oyelade A. O. , Sadiq O. M.
Published: March 2021

An analytical model is developed for the flexural wave propagation of a continuous Timoshenko beam resting on elastic and metamaterial foundations. The metamaterial foundation consists of positive and negative springs with a damper. This added negative stiffness component is constructed in such a way to provide the same static stiffness and the same damping component with the equivalent reference beam on elastic foundation. Numerical examples are used to investigate the effect of the shear on wavenumber and damping for beam with elastic and metamaterial foundations. The effects of engineering safety, damping coefficient and resonating mass on the dissipative property of the beam is investigated analytically. The simulation results provide indication of an enhanced damping characteristics for the damping ratio of the flexural waves propagating within the beam.
ОСНОВНІ ПРИНЦИПИ ОСВІТИ В ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ
Authors: ЗАПОРОЖЧЕНКО Олексій
Published: March 2021

Метою статті є короткий опис особливо- стей інформаційного суспільства, з особливою увагою до того, як змінюється роль самої людини в глобальних проце- сах інформатизації. З одного боку, інформаційне суспільство дозволяє значно підвищити ефективність праці, розкрити потенціал особистості у вільній та творчій діяльності та про- явити себе в інноваціях та науці. З іншого боку, саме людина в цих умовах може бути фактором ризику. Це дослідження присвячене вивченню антропологічних проблем інформаційної глобалізації та можливостям їх вирішення за допомогою нових освітніх стратегій. Методологічні принципи дослідження. На основі результатів фундаментальних досліджень зарубіжних теоретиків інформаційного суспільства автор визначає головну проблему – непідготовленість самого суспільства до нових реалій інформаційної глобалізації. Е. Тоффлер дав назву цій проблемі – «шок від майбутнього», який міцно закріпився в науковій літературі XXI століття. Аналіз літератури дозволяє нам встановити, що однією з проблем інформаційного суспільства є система споживчих цінностей, яка сформувала- ся у ХХ столітті. Однак саме в умовах швидкого формування інформаційного суспільства колишня система цінностей стано- вить певну загрозу для майбутнього цивілізації. Наукова новиз- на. У статті також розглядається проблема «інформаційного розриву», тобто нового типу соціальної нерівності, причиною якої є те, що певна частина населення не має належного рівня знань та навичок для роботи з інформаційними технологіями та, відповідно, не може пристосуватися до нових умов повної цифровізації, отже, маргіналізується. У контексті цієї проблеми всебічно розглядається феномен інформаційної культури особистості, а також демонструються основні стратегічні напрями та цінності її формування. Особлива ува- га приділяється новому типу етики – «інформаційній етиці». Обґрунтовано зроблений висновок про необхідність належної уваги до проблеми формування нової системи гуманістичних цінностей, яка відповідала б викликам інформаційної глобалізації за допомогою нових освітніх стратегій, тенденцій та парадигм. Розглянуто такі основні тенденції сучасної вищої освіти, як фундаменталізація, гуманізація та інформатизація, обґрунтовано доцільність синергетичної парадигми освіти, яка розглядає саму освіту як відкриту, нелінійну та самоорганізуючу систему. Висновки. Нова парадигма освіти більше відповідає вимогам інформаційного суспільства, оскільки дозволяє значно збагатити наукову методологію та стимулювати міждисциплінарні дослідження, що значно покращить якість як технічної, так і соціально-гуманітарної освіти.
ЛОГОС ВІДПОВІДІ ПЕРЕД ПАФОСОМ ЧУЖОГО
Authors: БАЧКО Наталія
Published: March 2021

Метою статті є осмислення проблеми Іншого та Чужого, крізь призму респонзивності (здатності давати відповідь) як феномена людського буття. Методологічними засади дослідження є феноменологічна традиція, герменевти- ка та діалог як методи гуманітарних досліджень, які дають змогу аналізувати феномени людського буття на засадах нау- кового дискурсу. Стаття базується на концепціях діалогічного персоналізму та розвідок про Іншого та Чужого, що взасад- ничуються на етичних питаннях діалогічності і є базою для респонзивної етики (етики відповіді). Теоретичним стриж- нем роботи є ідеї про відповідь Чужому в Б. Вальденфель- са та про відповідальність за Іншого в Е. Левінаса. Наукова новизна полягає в аналізі причин зміщення акцентів в сучас- ному дискурсі з Іншого на Чужого; в осмисленні проблеми Іншого/Чужого крізь призму категорій «пафосу» та «логосу»; у доведенні того, що респонзивність як здатність дати відповідь Чужому є підставою для етосу такої раціональності, яка є вихо- дом з інтерпасивності (ілюзії активності) й дає змогу зглади- ти поверховість і нав’язливість комунікативних норм. Виснов- ки. Проблема Іншого в сучасних розвідках трансформується в проблему Чужого, що спровоковано мультикультурністю, глобалізаційними процесами, кризою ідентичності й суб’єк- тивності. Поряд із тим поєднання діалогічної філософії та респонзивної феноменології відкриває нові горизонти в дослідженні суб’єктивності людського буття й культури як діалогічного співбуття. У цьому сенсі поєднання концепцій Б. Вальденфельса та Е. Левінаса дає змогу окреслити підстави респонзивної етики, яка виходить із пафосної при- роди Чужого, здатне утримати радикальний незбіг Чужого з логосом Свого, при цьому дає підстави для відповіді Чужому. Це, у свою чергу, вимагає активності суб’єкта, який здатен цю відповідь дати.
The Positive Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clostridium Difficile Infection
Authors: Tawam Dania , Baladi Michael , Jungsuwadee Paiboon , Earl Grace , Han Jayoung
Published: March 2021

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly used medications by patients due to its availability over the counter and frequent prescribing by physicians to treat and alleviate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Recently, the FDA issued a warning with respect to the utilization of PPIs and risk of developing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). The most commonly known medications to cause CDI are antibiotics. However, available studies suggest an association and increase in risk for CDI with PPI use as well.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to review and summarize data currently available on the association between PPIs and CDI.
Methods: To search for eligible studies, EBSCO engines were investigated using proton pump inhibitors or PPIs and Clostridium difficile or C. diff. as search terms. Meta analyses and systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2020 on adult patients were considered.
Results: Eight meta-analyses and systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. They included studies conducted in the US, Europe, Asia and Canada on inpatient and outpatient adults. The final result for all 8 studies showed a statistically significant association between PPIs and CDI ranging from mild to high risk.
Conclusion: Currently available data suggest a positive association between PPIs and CDI.
Evaluating a universal emotional-centred intervention to improve children's emotional well-being over primary-secondary school transition
Authors:   College of Life \& Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Bagnall Charlotte Louise , Fox Claire Louise ,   Faculty of Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK, Skipper Yvonne ,   School of Education, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Oldfield Jeremy ,   Faculty of Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Published: March 2021

The transition from primary to secondary school is a critical period for children, which, for most children involves stress and anxiety (Jindal-Snape et al., 2020). If negotiated poorly, this transition can have a significant negative impact on children’s short- and long-term well-being and mental health (White, 2020). Despite this, efforts to improve children’s emotional experiences of primary-secondary school transition are minimal in research and face challenges in practice. Very few interventions focus on supporting children’s emotional well-being and these are limited in number, sustainability, and reach. Talking about School Transition (TaST) is a universal, emotional-centred teacher-led support intervention, which was developed to fill this gap in the literature. The evaluation of TaST consisted of a longitudinal questionnaire-based design investigating the efficacy of TaST in improving 143 Year 6 (aged 10 and 11 year old) children’s coping efficacy and adjustment. It was assessed using the outcome variables: Emotional Symptoms, Peer Problems, Coping Efficacy and Transition Worries, in addition to a qualitative process evaluation. Results suggest that TaST had immediate positive implications for participating children who showed a significantly greater reduction in Transition Worries once at secondary school, compared to control group children. TaST has implications for educational practice and policy in elucidating the importance of supporting children’s emotional well-being over this period and demonstrating the viability and success of implementing emotional-centred support intervention in practice.
Emergence of Illegality in the Underlying Contract as an Exception to the Independence Principle of Demand Guarantees
Authors: Kelly-Louw Michelle , Lupton Cayle
Published: March 2021

It is questionable whether illegality in the underlying contract of a demand guarantee can or should constitute a valid exception to this instrument’s independence (autonomy) principle. From earlier English case law and scholarly discussions it appears that the acceptance of such an exception is contentious and, even if it is recognised, its extent remains uncertain. The English courts have previously indicated that they are open to accepting illegality in the underlying contract as an exception to the principle of independence of demand guarantees, but have not developed the exact parameters of such an exception. In the past, there were no South African court cases where illegality in the underlying contract was accepted, or even considered, as a possible exception to the independence principle of a demand guarantee. In a recent South African case, Mattress House (Proprietary) Ltd v Investec Property Fund Ltd, we find the first evidence of a South African High Court’s willingness to accept the possibility of illegality in the underlying contract as constituting a valid exception. In this article we discuss this South African case, which provides general guidance on the possibility of accepting such an exception under the South African law. South Africa is always persuasively influenced by English law in relation to demand guarantees.  Therefore, we also discuss the English law.
Aportes de los juicios penales a la producción de conocimiento sobre violaciones a los derechos humanos: Notas sobre el juzgamiento de los crímenes de la ESMA en Argentina
Authors: Balardini Lorena
Published: March 2021

El artículo analiza cuál es el tipo de conocimiento o verdad que se construye en el marco de un proceso penal por violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en un contexto dictatorial, y cómo este aporta al existente sobre los crímenes, sus víctimas y los responsables. La intención es analizar el proceso de larga duración en el que se juzgan los crímenes cometidos durante la última dictadura en Argentina (1976–1983). Particularmente, la causa penal por los delitos de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA), donde funcionó uno de los más grandes centros clandestinos de detención del periodo. Se analizarán el segundo y tercer juicio de la causa (2009–2017) y la producción de conocimiento en relación a tres temas: 1) la violencia de género; 2) la división de los sobrevivientes y su utilización como mano de obra esclava; 3) los vuelos de la muerte. Se partirá del supuesto de que, si bien los crímenes cometidos en la ESMA fueron ampliamente descritos en los mecanismos transicionales del país y en materiales posteriores, los avances en las investigaciones y las condiciones de la producción de la evidencia en un proceso penal contribuyeron a que existan aportes específicos y novedosos.
Quantum automata, braid group and link polynomials
Authors: Garnerone S. , Marzuoli A. , Rasetti M.
Published: March 2021

The spin--network quantum simulator model, which essentially encodes the (quantum deformed) $SU(2)$ Racah--Wigner tensor algebra, is particularly suitable to address problems arising in low dimensional topology and group theory. In this combinatorial framework we implement families of finite--states and discrete--time quantum automata capable of accepting the language generated by the braid group, and whose transition amplitudes are colored Jones polynomials. The automaton calculation of the polynomial of (the plat closure of) a link $L$ on $2N$ strands at any fixed root of unity is shown to be bounded from above by a linear function of the number of crossings of the link, on the one hand, and polynomially bounded in terms of the braid index $2N$, on the other. The growth rate of the time complexity function in terms of the integer $k$ appearing in the root of unity $q$ can be estimated to be (polynomially) bounded by resorting to the field theoretical background given by the Chern--Simons theory.
On the quantum hardness of solving isomorphism problems as nonabelian hidden shift problems
Authors: Childs A.M. , Wocjan P.
Published: March 2021

We consider an approach to deciding isomorphism of rigid n-vertex graphs (and related isomorphism problems) by solving a nonabelian hidden shift problem on a quantum computer using the standard method. Such an approach is arguably more natural than viewing the problem as a hidden subgroup problem. We prove that the hidden shift approach to rigid graph isomorphism is hard in two senses. First, we prove that \Omega(n) copies of the hidden shift states are necessary to solve the problem (whereas O(n\log n) copies are sufficient). Second, we prove that if one is restricted to single-register measurements, an exponential number of hidden shift states are required.
Zero-error attacks and detection statistics in the coherent one-way protocol for quantum cryptography
Authors: Branciard C. , Gisin N. , Lutkenhaus N. , Scarani V.
Published: March 2021

This is a study of the security of the Coherent One-Way (COW) protocol for quantum cryptography, proposed recently as a simple and fast experimental scheme. In the zero-error regime, the eavesdropper Eve can only take advantage of the losses in the transmission. We consider new attacks, based on unambiguous state discrimination, which perform better than the basic beam-splitting attack, but which can be detected by a careful analysis of the detection statistics. These results stress the importance of testing several statistical parameters in order to achieve higher rates of secret bits.