bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Metal Content of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluids and Its Relationship to Mineralization Potential
Authors: Audétat Andreas
Published: September 2019

A fundamental question in the study of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits is whether the mineralization potential of intrusions was already predetermined by the metal content of the exsolving fluids. The present study aims at addressing this question by reviewing the large number of microanalytical data (mostly laser-ablation ICP-MS data) obtained on fluid inclusions from this type of ore deposits over the last 20 years. Published data sets were screened for analyses of high-temperature fluid inclusions that are representative of premineralization fluids. A set of criteria was developed to distinguish such fluids from later, lower temperature fluids. In order to compensate differences in absolute metal concentrations caused by fluid immiscibility, all element concentrations were normalized to Na. A numerical model was developed to explore at which stage different metals are most efficiently extracted from a cooling pluton. The results suggest that the timing of most efficient metal extraction varies from metal to metal and strongly depends on pressure, the fluid/melt partition coefficient and the bulk mineral-melt partition coefficient. As a consequence, fluid compositions were chosen over the entire range of Cs/Na ratios recorded from a given pluton, as this ratio gives an indication of the fractionation degree of the silicate melts from which a fluid exsolved. In order to avoid bias toward occurrences from which a large amount of data are available, maximum four intermediate-density (ID)-type fluid inclusion assemblages plus four brines assemblages were chosen from each occurrence.

Using the above-mentioned criteria, 169 fluid compositions from 12 Cu (Mo, Au) mineralized intrusions, 10 Sn/W mineralized intrusions, two Mo mineralized intrusions, and one U-Th-REE mineralized intrusion were finally chosen and plotted in graphs of X/Na versus Cs/Na. The results reveal that Sn- and Cu-mineralizing fluids contained more Sn and Cu, respectively, than the fluids analyzed from barren and Mo or U-Th REE mineralized intrusions. Positive correlations between fluid metal content and mineralization potential may exist also for W and REEs, whereas for Mo no such trend is evident. Therefore, at least for certain metals, the metal content of high-temperature fluid inclusions can be used as an indicator of the type and extent of mineralization. However, elevated metal concentrations are present also in some fluids from barren intrusions, which implies that the mineralization potential additionally depends on other factors such as the size of the intrusion and the development of structures that promote focused fluid flow.
Management of Devolved Health Services and Healthcare Service Delivery in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya
Authors: Abdullahi Yarow Abdihafid , Jirma Shadrack , Siringi Elijah
Published: September 2019

The 2010 Constitution provides a legal framework that guarantees an all-inclusive rights-based approach to health service delivery to Kenyans. It provides that Kenyans are entitled to the highest attainable standards of health, which includes the right to healthcare services including reproductive health care (Article 43). The purpose of this study was to investigate the the extent to which management of devolved health services influence health-care service delivery in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya. This study was guided by fiscal decentralization theory and theory of performance improvement, as well as sequential theory of decentralization. This study used a triangulation of both positivism and phenomenology. The population under this study constitute the Sub-Counties in ASAL in Kenya with a sample size of 89 Sub-Counties being sampled and 3 patients from each of the 89 sampled sub counties. This study found that, since the onset of devolution, there has been introduction of more healthcare facilities at counties in ASAL resulting with sub-county leaderships have been largely considering the opinions raised by the residents while implementing health services decisions. Management of devolved health services, healthcare has greatly made health facilities and services more accessible to residents compared to before with the previous five years recording great improvement in the quality of the health services at county health centers. The national government should therefore consider increasing financial resources to counties, which would eventually enhance health manpower for better service delivery. This study therefore recommends that the hospitals management should come up with strategies that can help improve financial resources to fund facilities improvement.
Exergetic Comparison of Various Flow Patterns in PEMFCs
Authors: Mert Suha Orçun , Toprak M. Mucahit , Depci Tolga
Published: September 2019

Energy need of the civilized world is ever increasing,
and as such, the subject of energy production from renewable energy sources is
gaining popularity in scientific studies. Amongst these studies are the researches
on fuel cell systems. In this study, the flow channels of the “proton exchange
membrane” (PEM) type fuel cell were designed, modelled, and studies were
conducted on three-dimensional channels of various designs via Comsol
Multiphysics simulation software, with hopes to contribute to the renewable
energy solutions. Proposed fuel cell designs and geometries of flow channels
were compared to existing fuel cells’ with exergetically efficient designs, in
terms of total exergy efficiency. Exergy efficiency analysis was conducted on
the membrane surfaces of the proposed flow channels. Anode and cathode side
exergy analyses, polarization curve of the system, voltage, current and produced
power parameter results were also inspected.
Comparison of two solar-assisted underfloor heating systems with Phase Change Materials
Authors: PLYTARİA Maria , TZİVANİDİS Christos , ALEXOPOULOS İoannis , BELLOS Evangelos , ANTONOPOULOS Kimon
Published: September 2019

In this work, two underfloor solar assisted heating
systems without and with phase change materials (PCMs) are investigated
energetically for a building of 100 m2 floor area, which is situated
in Athens, (Greece). The simulations are conducted with the commercial software
TRNSYS 17. More analytically, flat plate collectors coupled to a storage tank
are used while there is, in the first system, an auxiliary heater and in the
second system, a heat pump, for supplying the extra heating demand when the
solar potential is not sufficient. The PCM layer is situated
below the underfloor heating system in order to increase the storage capacity. Moreover,
this study compares the indoor temperature profiles of the building with and
without a PCM layer on the floor and specifically in different cases by
changing the area of the collectors and the thickness of the insulation layer.
The results showed that the electrical energy consumption decreases on average
70% and 41% for the system with an auxiliary
heater and for the system with heat pump respectively. Moreover, the application
of the PCM layer on the floor in both systems gives an increase of the indoor
temperature about 2oC into the limits of thermal comfort.
Benchmarking and Potential of Heat Pumps for Flue Gas Condensation
Authors: WEDEL Wolf Gereon , VANDERSİCKEL Annelies , SPLİETHOFF Hartmut
Published: September 2019

The use of environmental or waste
heat with heat pumps, open absorption cycles or sorption heat pumps is an
option for low carbon or high efficiency heat supply for industrial use. For one
of the mentioned technologies to experience wide spread use it must offer
economic advantages compared to other technologies. The evaluation of the
economic viability is strongly dependent on boundary conditions.This work presents a method for the
comparison of available technologies with regard to economics and potential for
exhaust heat use. Calculations comparing the effects of different exhaust gas
compositions resulting from technology specific air ratios for combustion in
combination with different return and process heat temperatures are performed
in order to quantify the potential of condensing technology. The herein developed
specific annuity difference method allows evaluating the impact of improving
technology specific parameters, such as temperature spread and coefficient of
performance (COP), enabling to identify future research needs and to benchmark
the technologies with e.g. a gas heater. The risk posed by uncertain future
developments, such as gas price development and increasing prices for carbon
emissions, possible taxation of these and emission trading, influences the economic
evaluation and can motivate investment in active condensing technology, even if
economic viability under current circumstances is not given.
Die freiwillige „Übererfüllung“ unionsrechtlicher Vorgaben durch die Mitgliedstaaten. Ein Beitrag zur rechtsdogmatischen und rechtspolitischen Diskussion um das sog. „Gold Plating“
Authors: Leidenmühler Franz
Published: September 2019

Innerhalb der Phänomena mitgliedstaatlicher freiwilliger Übererfüllung von Unionsrecht ist scharf zwischen der autonomen Übernahme unionsrechtlicher Vorgaben außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs und der Verschärfung des materiellen Regelungsgehalts innerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs der Unionsnorm zu trennen. Letzteres wird zunehmend als „Fleißaufgabe“ des nationalen Gesetzgebers negativ konnotiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag unternimmt eine präzise Begriffsabgrenzung und stellt die Konsequenzen in Hinblick auf Fragen der unionsrechtskonformen Interpretation sowie der Vorlageberechtigung und -verpflichtung dar. Zudem wird ausgeführt, dass ein Verzicht der Mitgliedstaaten auf das sog. „Gold Plating“ primärrechtlich weder gefordert noch intendiert ist, sondern vielmehr in Widerspruch zu den Grundsätzen der Subsidiarität und der Verhältnismäßigkeit steht.
Erste Erfahrungen mit der neuen Gutachtenvorlage zum EGMR nach dem Protokoll Nr. 16 zur EMRK
Authors: Gundel Jörg
Published: September 2019

Mit dem Inkrafttreten des Protokolls Nr. 16 zur EMRK am 1.8.2018 besteht für die Höchstgerichte der EMRK-Vertragsstaaten, die das Protokoll ratifiziert haben, die Möglichkeit, dem EGMR direkt Fragen zur Auslegung der EMRK in bei ihnen anhängigen Verfahren zu unterbreiten. Das neue Gutachtenverfahren, das dem Vorlageverfahren nach Art. 267 AEUV ähnelt, sich von ihm aber auch in wesentlichen Punkten unterscheidet, wird anhand seiner ersten Nutzung durch eine Vorlage der französischen Cour de cassation dargestellt, auf die der EGMR im April 2019 mit seinem ersten Gutachten geantwortet hat; zugleich wird die Schaffung des neuen Instruments in die allgemeine Entwicklung des EMRK-Schutzsystems eingeordnet.
The Effect of Yoga Exercise on Selective Attention of Collegiate Athletes Following Short-Term Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Modabberi Shaghayegh
Published: September 2019

Objectives: As negative consequences of sleep disturbances on cognitive performance in all age groups are well documented the study was aimed at identifying the effect of Yoga practices on selective attention of collegiate athletes following short-term sleep deprivation. Methods: Nineteen collegiate athletes were recruited in a cross-over design in two phases. In the control condition, their attention was measured after short-term sleep deprivation (6 hours), then, they were given Yoga exercises within a one week washout phase. The posttest was performed following a one week Yoga intervention (experimental condition). The quality of sleep was measured by Actiwatch Sleep Analysis in the washout phase (a 7-day period), and the total score was obtained based on their performance in the last three days. The subjects wore an Actiwatch-7 on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. In the experimental condition, they attended exercise physiology and were tested. Dependent t-tests was used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that Yoga protocol improved both subtests of selective attention significantly, including the mean time for correct responses (t = 4.98; P = 0.001) and the mean time for correct rejections (t = 3.73; P = 0.001). Furthermore, the total score of sleep quality within the last three days of the washout phase improved significantly in the Yoga condition (t = 2.68; P = 0.01). Conclusions: As known, sleep deprivation could result in poor psychomotor performance; hence, the Yoga exercise would attenuate the devastating consequences of sleep disorder in tasks needing decisions in individuals with such a problem. The results suggest that performing a Yoga exercise may play a major role in improving psychomotor performance in collegiate athletes who are vulnerable for sleep disturbances.
Implementation of adaptive integration method for free energy calculations in molecular systems
Authors: Mirabzadeh Christopher A , Ytreberg F. Marty
Published: September 2019

Estimating free energy differences by computer simulation is useful for a wide variety of applications such as virtual screening for drug design and for understanding how amino acid mutations modify protein interactions. However, calculating free energy differences remains challenging and often requires extensive trial and error and very long simulation times in order to achieve converged results. Here, we present an implementation of the adaptive integration method (AIM). We tested our implementation on two molecular systems and compared results from AIM to those from a suite of standard methods. The model systems tested here include calculating the solvation free energy of methane, and the free energy of mutating the peptide GAG to GVG. We show that AIM is more efficient than standard methods for these test cases, that is, AIM results converge to a higher level of accuracy and precision for a given simulation time.
Programe-se: uma proposta de experimentação transmídia
Authors: Briglia Tcharly Magalhães , Reis Júnior Dilson Alves de Souza , Piantavinha Tainan Maria Barbosa de Souza , Barreto Betânia Maria Vilas Bôas
Published: September 2019

A obra apresenta o processo de produção e a pesquisa teórica do projeto PROGRAME-SE, proposta de experimentação transmídia desdobrada em um documentário, uma websérie e um e-book. O projeto centra-se na análise dos impactos da convergência midiática na linguagem e na produção de conteúdos para a televisão brasileira, bem como no comportamento do público contemporâneo. As discussões traçam um panorama acerca das tendências e perspectivas para o futuro da televisão em meio à ascensão de outras mídias.
TMEM16B regulates anxiety-related behavior and GABAergic neuronal signaling in the central lateral amygdala
Authors: Li Ke-Xin , He Mu , Ye Wenlei , Simms Jeffrey , Gill Michael , Xiang Xuaner , Jan Yuh Nung , Jan Lily Yeh
Published: September 2019

TMEM16B (ANO2) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel expressed in multiple brain regions, including the amygdala. Here we report that Ano2 knockout mice exhibit impaired anxiety-related behaviors and context-independent fear memory, thus implicating TMEM16B in anxiety modulation. We found that TMEM16B is expressed in somatostatin-positive (SOM+) GABAergic neurons of the central lateral amygdala (CeL), and its activity modulates action potential duration and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). We further provide evidence for TMEM16B actions not only in the soma but also in the presynaptic nerve terminals of GABAergic neurons. Our study reveals an intriguing role for TMEM16B in context-independent but not context-dependent fear memory, and supports the notion that dysfunction of the amygdala contributes to anxiety-related behaviors.
An Updated Algorithm for Moderate Censoring in Time-to-Event Data Using Rank-based Regression
Authors: Phadnis Milind A.
Published: September 2019

Aim: To propose an updated algorithm with an extra step added to the Newton-type algorithm used in robust rank based non-parametric regression for minimizing the dispersion function associated with Wilcoxon scores in order to account for the effect of covariates.

Methodology: The proposed accelerated failure time approach is aimed at incorporating right random censoring in survival data sets for low to moderate levels of censoring. The existing Newton algorithm is modified to account for the effect of one or more covariates. This is done by first applying Mantel scores to residuals obtained from a regression model, and second by minimizing the dispersion function of these scored residuals. Diagnostic check of the model fit is performed by observing the distribution of the residuals and suitable Bent scores are considered in the case of skewed residuals. To demonstrate the efficacy of this method, a simulation study is conducted to compare the power of this method under three different scenarios: non-proportional hazard, proportional and constant hazard, and proportional but non-constant hazard.

Results: In most situations, this method yielded reasonable estimates of power for detecting an association of the covariate with the response as compared to popular parametric and semi-parametric approaches. The estimates of the regression coefficient obtained from this method were evaluated and were found to have low bias, low mean square error, and adequate coverage. In a real-life example pertaining to pancreatic cancer study, the proposed method performed admirably well and provided a more realistic interpretation about the effect of covariates (age and Karnofsky score) compared to a standard parametric (lognormal) model.

Conclusion: In situations where there is no clear best parametric fit for time-to-event data with moderate level of censoring, the proposed method provides a robust alternative to obtain regression coefficients (both adjusted and unadjusted) with a performance comparable to that of a proportional hazards model.
Improving Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Using Spectral Properties of Leaves for Need-based Nitrogen Management
Authors: Owusu Priscilla Osei , Ofori Joseph , Amoatey Christiana , Anning Dominic Kwadwo
Published: September 2019

There is a spiral increase in maize consumption in Ghana due to high population growth and changing consumer preferences. However, maize yield in the country is declining partly due to poor soil fertility and fertilizer management, resulting in low nitrogen use efficiency. A field experiment was therefore conducted at the Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, University of Ghana, Kpong during the 2016 cropping season to evaluate the effect of nitrogen management options on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replicates. Variety and nitrogen (N) management were the main and sub plot factors, respectively. The varieties were; 1. Aburohemaa (V1) 2. Abontem (V2) 3. Obaatanpa (V3). 4. Omankwa (V4), while the nitrogen management levels included; 1. no N application (control, N0), 2. Conventional practice, Conv (150 kg N ha-1) 3. Leaf Colour Chart, LCC (75 kg N ha-1) and 4. Soil Plant Analysis Development meter, SPAD (75 kg N ha-1). The results revealed that LCC and SPAD meter in maize nitrogen-based management reduced nitrogen fertilizer input by 50% without significantly affecting the growth, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. Maize varieties significantly differed in terms of growth rate, yielding potential, N uptake and N use efficiency. The study recommended LCC to maize farmers since it is relatively cheap, easy to use and saved 50% N fertilizer input.
Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Kalli Organic Fertilizer on the Jos Plateau
Authors: Umar U. M. , Ibrahim, Iro I. , Obidola S. M.
Published: September 2019

Aims: To determine the effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish.

Study Design: The experimental design used for this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four (4) treatments (0, 400, 500 and 600 kgha-1) which were replicated four (4) times.

Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted at Federal College of Forestry Jos, Plateau State located in the North Central part of Nigeria between September – October, 2018.

Methods: Soil samples were collected and analysed. Agronomic practices such as land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, weeding and harvesting were also carried out. The data was collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, length of roots, diameter of roots, root weight and root yield. Data collected was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Minitab 23 statistical package at 5% level of probability and where significance was determined Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means.

Results: The findings from this research work revealed that there was no significant effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the plant height, number of leaves. But the leaf area was found to be significant (p=0.05) at 8WAP with the application of 600 kgha-1 recording the largest (143.30 cm2) leaf. The number of roots, length of roots, weight of root and total yield was found to be significant (P=0.05) on the application of different levels of Kalli organic fertilizer. The application of 600 kgha-1 produced the highest number (35.50) of radish roots, length (24.83 cm) of radish roots, weight (7.20 kg) of radish and total yield (18000 kgha-1) of Radish.

Conclusion: Based on this research study it could be concluded that the application of Kalli (600 kgha-1) organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of Radish. It is therefore recommended that organic fertilizer can be applied for optimum production of Radish.
Efficacy of Candidate Herbicides for Post- Emergence Weed Control in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Authors: Aluko O. A.
Published: September 2019

Post emergence application of herbicides reduced weed growth, enhanced kenaf agronomic traits and fibre yield. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of some herbicide formulations for post emergence weed control in kenaf at Ibadan (0.7.38N; 003.84E- Derived savanna agro-ecology) station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan in 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons.  Herbicides applied were Quazilofop-P-ethyl (100, 150, 200 ml/ha), Oxyfluorfen (0.96, 1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha) and Fluazifop-p-butyl 150, 225 and 300 g ai/ha) at three rates each, while weed-free and weedy were the control treatments. Weed flora composition before land preparation was dominated by annual weeds; broadleaves (70%), grass (20%) and spiderwort (10%). At 10 weeks after sowing (WAS), weed flora composition comprised of 64% broadleaf, 14% grass, 8% spiderwort and 14% sedge. Weed flora dynamics after treatments application might have been influenced by herbicide formulations applied. Oldenlandia corymbusa, Cyperus escunlentus, Desmodium scorpurus and Cyperus rotundus were identified as prevalent weeds across the treatments applied while Mimosa pudica, was a minor weed.  Herbicides improved kenaf agronomic traits (plant height, stem-butt girth and number of leaves/plant) due to minimal weed competition; reduced weed flora composition and weed weight relative to weed infested kenaf plants in weedy control. Oxyfluorfen (0.96, 1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha); fluazilof-p-butyl (225 and 300 g ai/ha); Quazilofop-P-ethyl (100 and 200 ml/ha) reduced weed dry weight by 60-70%. Weed-free plots had the highest weed control efficiency (WCE %). Evidently, acceptable WCE of ≥ 80% and comparable gross fibre yield with the maximum in weed-free recorded in Oxyfluorfen (1.20 and 1.44 kg ai/ha) and Fluazilofop-p-butyl (300 g ai/ha) showed their efficacies. However, low WCE 50 -65% in Quazilofop-p-ethyl (100, 150, 200 ml/ha) might reflected a review of the doses applied for better efficacy.  Kenaf gross fibre yield was reduced by 65% in the weedy check plot, due to superior weed infestation and utmost weed dry weight accumulation. Notwithstanding, the benefit-cost ratio and environmental impact assessment of the study must be carried out for economically viable kenaf production and environmental friendliness.
Antibiotic Resistance and Production of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases by Clinical Gram-negative Bacteria in Benin
Authors: Moussé Wassiyath , Sina Haziz , Mama-Sirou Ibrahima A. , Anago Eugénie , Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand , N’Tcha Christine , Bade Farid , Anagonou Sévérin , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: September 2019

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the resistance profile and to investigate the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) by clinically relevant Gram-negative Bacillus (GNB) strains.

Methodology: About 191 strains were isolated from 1823 samples collected at the HKM National Hospital and University Center of Cotonou (Benin). Species identification was done with the Api 20th gallery. Two methods were used to search for β-lactamase production: the liquid acidimetric test for penicillinases and double halo method for ESBL. The susceptibility to conventional antibiotic molecules was investigated by the disk diffusion method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes in the β-lactamases.

Results: A prevalence of 10.48% of GNB was recorded. Among the isolated strains, 51.31% came from samples collected from in-patients and 48.69% from out-patients’ samples. The most contaminated samples were urine (43.98%), pus (34.58%) and blood (9.42%). Majority of the isolated species included: Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.27%), Acinetobacter spp. (18.32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.72%), Escherichia coli (14.15%) and Enterobacter cloacae (12.04%). More than the half (57.07%) of the strains produced penicillinases; whereas 16.76% were ESBL-producers and these occurred only among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter agglomerans. The ESBL-producing strains were cross-resistant to beta-lactams. Imipenem is the most effective antibiotic on all isolated strains. ESBL-producing GNB strains possessed both the blaTEM gene and the blaSHV gene in a proportion of 25%; 37.5% of the strains had only the blaTEM gene and 12.5% of the strains had only the blaSHV gene.

Conclusion: ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumonia in the hospital environment were the major carriers of blaTEM and blaSHV. Given this situation, it is necessary to continue research to identify resistance genes.
Cross-reaction of angioedema with clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine: A case report
Authors: Williams Gabriela D.
Published: September 2019

Angioedema is characterized by marked swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue and may affect various parts of the body, including the face, mouth, and extremities. Angioedema has specifically been associated with the use of several antipsychotic agents, including clozapine, olanzapine, iloperidone, haloperidol, quetiapine, paliperidone, ziprasidone, risperidone, and chlorpromazine. A 67-year-old African American male with a past medical history significant for hypertension, coronary artery disease requiring stent placement, mitral insufficiency, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use disorder, and schizophrenia presented with altered mental status and disorientation in the setting of clozapine nonadherence, which prompted acute hospitalization for clozapine reinitiation. During clozapine titration, the patient developed edema, erythema, and pruritus on his face and arms along with lip swelling characteristic of angioedema. Upon discontinuation of clozapine, the patient was trialed on several other antipsychotic medications to help manage acute psychosis and subsequently developed angioedema symptoms with trials of both olanzapine and quetiapine. Following these 3 distinct events of angioedema, the clinical decision was made to no longer trial atypical antipsychotics for the patient, and loxapine was cautiously initiated. The patient responded well to loxapine and continued to tolerate loxapine therapy for years. This case report identifies angioedema cross-reaction linked with 3 second-generation antipsychotics. Given the potentially life-threatening nature of angioedema, awareness of recurrent angioedema should be undertaken when trialing antipsychotics following an episode of angioedema correlated to antipsychotic use, particularly when trialing antipsychotics from the same generation and with similar chemical structures.
Modulated Fe Central Spin State in FeCu4 Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient and Selective Activation of H2O2
Authors: Li Jialu , Zheng Wenwen , Meng Suhang , Wang Siyu , Zhan Sihui , Sun Yajing , Hu Wenping , Li Yi
Published: December 2024

In advanced oxidation processes, the efficient activation of H2O2 and the selective production of reactive oxygen species are the key steps to achieve the removal of organic pollutants in the water environment. Studies have shown that the precise regulation of catalyst metal active sites can break through the limitation of H2O2 activation and realize the efficient selective conversion of H2O2. Therefore, FeCu bimetallic active sites are developed by constructing FeCu4 alloy nanocluster metal catalyst (FeCu/NC). The introduction of Cu metal sites realized charge redistribution, promoted rapid electron transfer, reduced the spin state of Fe in the catalyst, diminished the interaction between Fe and O, weakened the strong and persistent adsorption between Fe center and *H2O2, lowered the energy barrier of intermediate products in hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generation process, achieved efficient activation of H2O2 and selective generation of ·OH. In addition, a complete electron circulation path is formed between FeCu active sites and the substrate, breaking the contradiction between single metal and H2O2 redox relationship, promoting efficient reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. The first‐order kinetic constant (kobs) of FeCu/NC is 0.081 min−1, which is 3.68 and 7.36 times higher than those of single Fe metal species (FeFe/NC) and single Cu metal species (CuCu/NC) catalysts, respectively, and has excellent catalytic performance).
Recent Progress in Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction
Authors: Meng Xiangfei , Tan Xinyi , Ma Yan , Obisanya Adekunle Adedapo , Wang Jianren , Xiao Zhourong , Wang Desong
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) provides a sustainable and efficient way to producing ammonia at ambient condition and denitrifying wastewater. However, NO3−RR is still confronted with some barriers at present, because of the sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Particularly, it requires highly robust and selective electrocatalysts, which steers the complex multistep reactions toward NO3−RR process. Among the various electrocatalysts, Co‐based electrocatalysts demonstrate a rapid reaction kinetics, steady catalytic performance, and suppressive impact on HER for NO3−RR, attracting more attention. In this review, it is focused on Cobalt‐based electrocatalysts design for NO3−RR and the corresponding design strategies are summarized. In detail, these can be concisely classified into five categories, including the Co‐based oxides and hydroxides, alloys, metal, and heteroatom‐doped materials, metal organic frameworks and derivatives. Each category is extensively discussed, with its design concepts and ideas clearly conveyed through appropriate illustrations and figures. Finally, the scientific and technological challenges as well as promising constructing strategies for NO3−RR system in the future are discussed. It is expected that this review can provide valuable insights and guidance into rational design of Co‐based electrocatalysts for NO3−RR, ultimately advancing their applications to industrial scenario with high current density, stability, and energy efficiency.
Manipulating Electron‐Phonon Coupling for Efficient Tin Halide Perovskite Blue LEDs
Authors: Han Ying , Guo Zhenyu , Liu Shaocheng , Wu Yuetong , Li Xudong , Cui Guangyao , Zhou Shizhe , Zhou Huanping
Published: December 2024

Low‐dimensional perovskites have opened up a new frontier in light‐emitting diodes (LED) due to their excellent properties. However, concerns regarding the potential toxicity of Pb limited their commercial development. Sn‐based perovskites are regarded as a promising candidate to replace Pb‐based counterparts, while they generally exhibit strong electron–phonon coupling and consequently blue emission quenching at room temperature (RT), thus the Sn‐based perovskite blue LED devices have not yet been reported. Herein, the luminescence properties are regulated by assembling a rigid organic skeleton within perovskite structure, and the protonated 4‐bromobenzylamine (BrPMA+ = C7H9BrN+) is employed as A site cation to synthesize a 100‐oriented 2D perovskite (BrPMA)2SnBr4, which exhibits a strong lattice rigidity via strong intermolecular interaction and consequently weak electron–phonon coupling, achieving the excellent blue PL emission at RT. The high quality (BrPMA)2SnBr4 perovskite thin films are obtained by further inhibiting oxidation and promoting crystallization. Finally, the Sn‐based perovskite blue emission LED is successfully fabricated for the first time at 467 nm with a champion EQE of 1.3% and a maximum brightness of 800 cd m−2. This work gives insights into the luminescence mechanism of Sn‐based perovskites and provides a new theoretical basis for the development of lead‐free blue LEDs.
Tissue Like Density Sheets of Hepatoblastoma Cultures Obtained with Thin Suspended Hydrogels Mimicking In Vivo Inter‐Capillary Distances
Authors: Jönsson Alexander , Gürbüz Hakan , Wildfang Louise , Jensen Pernille Rose , Dufva Martin
Published: December 2024

Here a fabrication method is demonstrated that allows for the production of hydrogels in the ranges of 50–500 µm, suspended in polystyrene (PS) inserts, to mimic various inter‐capillary in vivo distances. The inherent thinning properties of vacuum forming, together with liquid pinning in apertures, are utilized to reproducibly obtain suspended gels with controlled thicknesses down to ≈50 µm. Transport through the gels is simulated for two model compounds and 50 µm gels are shown to allow for up to three times higher basolateral concentration than for 500 µm gels, after 1 h. HepG2 cells, encased in 50 µm gels, grow to cell densities of 1000 ± 400 million cells mL−1, that is, close to in vivo tissue densities. By contrast, 200 and 500 µm gels support cell densities of 180 and 50 million cells mL−1, respectively. The observed maximum cell densities correlate with expected cell densities, estimated by simulation of O2 diffusion and metabolism. In conclusion, thin suspended hydrogels provide means to mimic a variety of inter‐capillary distances and enable the development of high‐density cell cultures.
Electrical Control of Electroluminescence in 2D Semiconductor Light Emitting Device through Synchronous Injection of Electrons and Holes
Authors: Konthoujam James Singh , Lin Yen‐Shou , Chen Zheng‐Zhe , Chang Chiao‐Yun , Zhang Yu‐Wei , Lin Shih‐Yen , Lien Der‐Hsien , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Shih Min‐Hsiung
Published: December 2024

Achieving efficient electroluminescence (EL) in 2D materials requires precise control over the injection and recombination of charge carriers—electrons and holes. In this study, a method is introduced to improve charge carrier injection in using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based light emitting devices driven by alternating current (AC), achieved through dual pulse injection. The dual pulse device exhibits a notable enhancement in EL intensity, displaying a substantial increase as compared to the single pulse device, achieving an approximate sixfold improvement. The proposed dual pulse operated device configuration enables the independent control of electron and hole injection, facilitating the fine‐tuning of carrier recombination processes to improve the EL emission efficiency. Phase delay dependent EL characteristics are observed featuring a maximum integrated EL at a phase delay of 180° indicating an enhanced EL emission during out‐of‐phase pulse operation between the electrodes. Moreover, the dual pulse device exhibited a ≈3.5‐fold improvement in the device EL external efficiency (ηe) when compared to the device operated with a single pulse. Manipulating carrier recombination in TMDCs‐based LEDs opens up new opportunities to enhance their performance, enabling practical applications in display technology, lighting, optical communication, and electrically tunable light sources.
Realistic Estimation of Critical Exponents for Predicting the Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) Manganites
Authors: Hammami Hanen , Amairia Chahra
Published: December 2024

In this article, is introduce a calculation approach derived from integrating the Landau theory with the Arrott–Noakes equation. Employing a creative formulation, is conduct simulations to explore the magnetic entropy change, within a random ferromagnetic system. This theoretical approach is used for the examination of a given La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) manganites. Initially, the critical exponents (𝛾; 𝛽) of these compounds are estimated. It has been noted that the magnetic behavior of the examined materials near the phase transition deviate from the standard patterns observed in typical universality classes. Subsequently, these exponents are exploited to simulate the isothermal curves under higher magnetic fields. The predicted relative cooling power values reach 420.3, 415.7, 412.5, and 408.4 J.kg−1K−1 under 10 T applied magnetic field for La0.7Sr0.3–xSmxMn0.95Ni0.05O3 with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15, respectively.
Improving the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films by Dip Coating – but not through Alignment
Authors: Shokrani Morteza , Butkevich Andrey Alekseevich , Kemerink Martijn
Published: December 2024

Organic semiconductors (OSC) are of great current interest for thermoelectric (TE) applications due to their inherently low thermal conductivity and good Seebeck coefficient. However, reaching competitive figures of merit has proven difficult due to the common trade‐off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Previously, dip coating has been proposed to enhance the TE performance by aligning the molecules during the deposition from solution. The effect of the Landau–Levich and evaporation regimes on the TE properties of a prototypical polymer/dopant material system is analyzed. Dip coated films are characterized for different doping concentrations and dip coating velocities. Clearly separated evaporation and Landau–Levich regimes are established via film thickness measurements. A strong beneficial effect of dip coating is measured both in conductivity and Seebeck coefficient for lower dip coating speeds, leading to a clear increase in the power factor (PF) compared to both spin coated films and higher dip coating speeds. Intriguingly, no morphologies with aligned polymers are observed via polarization microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and optical spectroscopy, which is taken to imply that the observed TE performance is not due to uniaxial alignment but predominantly to an overall better, but still isotropic packing.
A multi‐view learning approach with diffusion model to synthesize FDG PET from MRI T1WI for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Ke , Weng Ying , Huang Yueqin , Zhang Yiming , Dening Tom , Hosseini Akram A. , Xiao Weizhong
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study presents a novel multi‐view learning approach for machine learning (ML)–based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

METHODS

A diffusion model is proposed to synthesize the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) view from the magnetic resonance imaging T1 weighted imaging (MRI T1WI) view and incorporate two synthesis strategies: one‐way synthesis and two‐way synthesis. To assess the utility of the synthesized views, we use multilayer perceptron (MLP)–based classifiers with various combinations of the views.

RESULTS

The two‐way synthesis achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) at 0.9380 and a peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) at 26.47. The one‐way synthesis achieves an SSIM at 0.9282 and a PSNR at 23.83. Both synthesized FDG PET views have shown their effectiveness in improving diagnostic accuracy.

DISCUSSION

This work supports the notion that ML‐based cross‐domain data synthesis can be a useful approach to improve AD diagnosis by providing additional synthesized disease‐related views for multi‐view learning.

Highlights

We propose a diffusion model with two strategies to synthesize fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) from magnetic resonance imaging T1 weighted imaging (MRI T1WI).

We raise multi‐view learning with MRl T1Wl and synthesized FDG PET for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

We provide a comprehensive experimental comparison for the synthesized FDG PET view.

The feasibility of synthesized FDG PET view in AD diagnosis is validated with various experiments.

We demonstrate the ability of synthesized FDG PET to enhance the performance of machine learning–based AD diagnosis.
Taming the dominator: How to create harmony in team dynamics
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: December 2024

In every team, there's a delicate balance of personalities and behaviors that can make or break group cohesion. While we all occasionally slip into less‐than‐ideal roles, some behaviors can be particularly disruptive. In this issue, focus on one of the most challenging: the dominator.
One‐Step Focusing of Ampholytes With Electrophoretic Mobilization: Concepts Assessed by Computer Simulation
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Mosher Richard A.
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of three one‐step focusing protocols described in the literature for IEF‐MS analyses of proteins are assessed by computer simulation. Focusing of 101 carrier ampholytes (pI range 3.0–11.0) and 9 analytes (pI range 3.9–10.4) with concurrent electrophoretic mobilization in an electroosmosis‐free environment is studied via use of the following: (1) an acid as anolyte and catholyte, (2) a plug of a base between the sample and the acid as catholyte, and (3) a base incorporated into the acid‐based catholyte. The data reveal that the first approach is of limited applicability and separation efficiency as it provides separated transient foci of acidic ampholytes only. The second system largely extends the applicability range, separation, and sensitivity and can be applied to ampholytes with pIs as high as 10. The same is true with the base incorporated into the catholyte. Dynamic simulation provides for the first time insight into the complexity of these one‐step focusing systems with buffer components that are compatible with MS detection. Simulation is an attractive and simple tool for characterization of the involved electrophoretic processes and for assay optimization.
Occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk: Application of the INTEROCC job‐exposure matrix
Authors: Turuban Maxime , Kromhout Hans , Vila Javier , Vallbona‐Vistós Miquel , De Vocht Frank , Baldi Isabelle , Richardson Lesley , Benke Geza , Krewski Daniel , Parent Marie‐Elise , Sadetzki Siegal , Schlehofer Brigitte , Schüz Joachim , Siemiatycki Jack , van Tongeren Martie , Woodward Alistair , Cardis Elisabeth , Turner Michelle C.
Published: December 2024

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF, 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). This study evaluates the potential association between occupational RF‐EMF exposure and brain tumor risk, utilizing for the first time, a RF‐EMF job‐exposure matrix (RF‐JEM) developed in the multi‐country INTEROCC case–control study. Cumulative and time‐weighted average (TWA) occupational RF‐EMF exposures were estimated for study participants based on lifetime job histories linked to the RF‐JEM using three different methods: (1) by considering RF‐EMF intensity among all exposed jobs, (2) by considering RF‐EMF intensity among jobs with an exposure prevalence ≥ the median exposure prevalence of all exposed jobs, and (3) by considering RF‐EMF intensity of jobs of participants who reported RF‐EMF source use. Stratified conditional logistic regression models were used, considering various lag periods and exposure time windows defined a priori. Generally, no clear associations were found for glioma or meningioma risk. However, some statistically significant positive associations were observed including in the highest exposure categories for glioma for cumulative and TWA exposure in the 1‐ to 4‐year time window for electric fields (E) in the first JEM application method (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.08, 1.72 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.01, 1.59, respectively), as well as for meningioma for cumulative exposure in the 5‐ to 9‐year time window for electric fields (E) in the third JEM application method (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.11, 4.78). We did not identify convincing associations between occupational RF‐EMF exposure and risk of glioma or meningioma.
Impact of pregnancy termination law reforms in Ireland on pregnancy termination rates in the setting of fetal congenital heart disease: A trend analysis
Authors: Cody Fiona , Kelleher Nollaig , Molphy Zara , Dicker Patrick , Malone Fergal , Bellamkonda Sirisha , Elligott Fiona Mc , Breathnach Fionnuala M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Prior to 2019, termination of pregnancy (TOP) was unlawful in Ireland. We sought to examine the impact of legislative change on TOP for major congenital heart disease (CHD) and its effect on parental decision‐making regarding the options of complex surgery, TOP, or palliative perinatal care.

Methods

This was a trend analysis of second‐trimester TOP for major CHD before and after the law reforms relating to pregnancy termination in Ireland. Retrospective data were collected on pregnancies complicated by major CHD at the largest tertiary referral obstetric center in Ireland from January 2017 to December 2023. Suspected CHD cases were referred to a dedicated fetal medicine/cardiology service. Major CHD was defined as an expected requirement for cardiac intervention in the first year of life. Genetic testing was performed where required, counseling was offered, and individualized care plans were developed.

Results

In a consecutive unselected cohort, 269 of 60 871 screened pregnancies fulfilled criteria for a diagnosis of major CHD. Major CHD was an isolated abnormality in 55% (147/269) of cases, while an extracardiac diagnosis was identified in 45% (162/269). TOP was chosen in 21% (16/76) of cases prior to legislative change and in 20% (39/193) of cases after legislative change (P = 0.158). The TOP rate was 8% (13/147) in isolated CHD cases, compared with 34% (42/122) in the setting of additional abnormalities (structural or genetic).

Conclusion

We observed no difference in the rate of TOP for major CHD before and after TOP law reforms in Ireland on the grounds of fetal abnormality.