bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the age- and gender-dependence of the severity and case fatality rates of COVID-19 disease in Spain
Authors: Moraga Paula , Ketcheson David I. , Ombao Hernando C. , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: June 2020

Background:The assessment of the severity and case fatality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the determinants of its variation is essential for planning health resources and responding to the pandemic. The interpretation of case fatality rates (CFRs) remains a challenge due to different biases associated with surveillance and reporting. For example, rates may be affected by preferential ascertainment of severe cases and time delay from disease onset to death. Using data from Spain, we demonstrate how some of these biases may be corrected when estimating severity and case fatality rates by age group and gender, and identify issues that may affect the correct interpretation of the results.

Methods:Crude CFRs are estimated by dividing the total number of deaths by the total number of confirmed cases. CFRs adjusted for preferential ascertainment of severe cases are obtained by assuming a uniform attack rate in all population groups, and using demography-adjusted under-ascertainment rates. CFRs adjusted for the delay between disease onset and death are estimated by using as denominator the number of cases that could have a clinical outcome by the time rates are calculated. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to compare CFRs obtained using different levels of ascertainment and different distributions for the time from disease onset to death.

Results:COVID-19 outcomes are highly influenced by age and gender. Different assumptions yield different CFR values but in all scenarios CFRs are higher in old ages and males.

Conclusions:The procedures used to obtain the CFR estimates require strong assumptions and although the interpretation of their magnitude should be treated with caution, the differences observed by age and gender are fundamental underpinnings to inform decision-making.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE HEATING TEMPERATURE OF THE GREENHOUSE RADIATOR INSTALLATIONS
Authors: Kondrat'eva Nadezhda , Filatov Dmitriy , Terent'ev Pavel , Ziganshin Bulat
Published: June 2020

The thermal regime of plants determines the temperature of the environment, the evaporation of moisture by plants, and the heating of plants by radiation from irradiation plants. Today, induction and LED greenhouse irradiators are promising for replacing irradiators with sodium lamps in terms of energy efficiency. Experimental studies were performed to assess the possibility of proximity of irradiators with induction lamps and LED irradiators to plants to increase their level of irradiation, in comparison with sodium radiation sources. When setting up the experiment, a complex was used, including a Fluke ti32 thermal imager, PHO-250-2-M linear autotransformer, 220V power supply, and a greenhouse irradiator. Processing of the measurement results was carried out in the Fluke SmartView 3.1 program. The heating temperature was determined when reaching the nominal mode, with the nominal mode of operation of the irradiators, with a change in the supply voltage level. Sodium and induction irradiators heat up to a maximum temperature 10 times faster than LED ones. The heating temperature of optical radiation sources with sodium lamps is 5 times higher than LED and 2.5 times higher than induction. A change in the supply voltage level affects the heating temperature of the sodium irradiator with electromagnetic ballasts, the heating temperature of sodium and induction irradiators with electronic ballasts, as well as LED irradiators, remains unchanged and equal to the nominal value at a supply voltage level of ± 10% of Unom.. Low heating temperatures of induction and LED irradiators can reduce the height of their suspension and bring them closer to plants, which will increase the irradiation of plants by increasing the level of illumination or reduce the power of irradiators, that is, increase the energy efficiency of irradiation systems
Entregando-se aos dados: programática de uma etnografia vivaz
Authors: Banaggia Gabriel
Published: June 2020

Levando em conta os diagnósticos do movimento pós-moderno na antropologia, este artigo se dedica a pensar estratégias para a realização de trabalho de campo e a subsequente redação de etnografias na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, procura enfrentar as críticas a respeito da autoria e da autoridade etnográficas ao mesmo tempo de modo a encará-las em sua justeza e a não ser paralisado por elas. Busca-se assim reconceber o que se imaginariam ser os contornos de uma hierarquização de outro modo incontornável, por meio da consideração de um tipo de todo que não unifica as partes em questão, a saber, as partes envolvidas numa pesquisa antropológica, em geral pessoas. Em vez de apostar em processos sintéticos de totalização, trata-se aqui de levar em consideração certos todos singulares que podem ser dispostos também como partes interessadas do processo de pesquisa, dispondo-se ao lado e não acima das demais. O trabalho etnográfico surge assim não como algo eminentemente unilateral, mas como envolvendo uma série de prestações específicas. Os dados da pesquisa figuram justamente algo que é dado a alguém, por alguém: pragmaticamente, em circunstâncias que não se pode abstrair a priori. As práticas discursivas e não discursivas de que a pesquisa é feita são assim suscitadas em conversação e troca, podendo ser evocadas, de maneiras distintas, no trabalho de campo e na redação etnográfica. São mobilizados exemplos concretos para o desenvolvimento do argumento, extraídos tanto da literatura acadêmica quanto de pesquisa própria realizada no campo das religiões de matriz africana no Brasil.
Lucy's Law comes into force
Authors: Abraham Marc
Published: June 2020

After years of campaigning Lucy's Law was passed in the summer of 2019, and became enforceable from April 6 2020. It ensures that puppies and kittens can only be sold in the place in which they were born, and in the presence of their mother.
Five tips on managing an aesthetic clinic during COVID-19
Authors: Bawa Manav
Published: June 2020

Like all industries and sectors, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had an unpredictable and turbulent effect on the aesthetics field. As clinics have temporarily closed their doors, Dr Manav Bawa outlines some key tips for taking advantage of this time
Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States
Authors: Laws Carol B. , Hewitt Amy S.
Published: June 2020

This special issue on the direct support workforce highlights the critical role of the direct support workforce in the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. Although there is increasing demand for this workforce, challenges in the recruitment, training, and retention of direct support professionals (DSPs) threatens the safety, health, and full inclusion of people with IDD living in the community. This special issue brings to the forefront current research to understand this workforce and their importance and to consider strategies to address the complex challenges facing DSPs so that people with disabilities can live and thrive in their communities.
A Primer on Single-Case Research Designs: Contemporary Use and Analysis
Authors: Ledford Jennifer R. , Barton Erin E. , Severini Katherine E. , Zimmerman Kathleen N.
Published: June 2020

The overarching purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to the use of rigorous single-case research designs (SCRDs) in special education and related fields. Authors first discuss basic design types and research questions that can be answered with SCRDs, examine threats to internal validity and potential ways to control for and detect common threats, and provide guidelines for selection of specific designs. Following, contemporary standards regarding rigor, measurement, description, and outcomes are presented. Then, authors discuss data analytic techniques, differentiating rigor, positive outcomes, functional relations, and magnitude of effects.
Similarities in Functional Play and Differences in Symbolic Play of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Thiemann-Bourque Kathy , Johnson Lynette K. , Brady Nancy C.
Published: June 2020

Contradictory reports of play strengths and weaknesses for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) persist in the literature. We compared the play of 19 children with ASD to 19 typically developing (TD) children matched on language and cognitive skills. All children were verbal. Results revealed no differences in indiscriminate actions, functional play, and object interest. The children with ASD showed less symbolic play and a significantly fewer number of children met criteria for emerging or mastered symbolic play. A specific deficit was observed for “doll as agent” symbolic play. Outcomes suggest that compared to children without disabilities, children with ASD may have comparable functional play skills and struggle with the transition to some, but not all types of symbolic play.
Generation of the mechanical Schrödinger cat state in a hybrid atom-optomechanical system
Authors: Etehadi Abari Najmeh , Naderi Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose a new theoretical scheme for generating a macroscopic Schrödinger cat state of a mechanical oscillator in a hybrid optomechanical system where a beam of two-level atoms passes through the cavity. In the model under consideration, the cavity field couples to the macroscopic mirror through the optomechanical interaction while it couples to the atom through a generalized Jaynes–Cummings interaction that involves the cavity-mode structure. The motion of the mirror modifies the cavity-mode function and therefore modulates the atom-field interaction, leading to the three-mode atom-field-mirror coupling or, equivalently, polariton-mirror coupling in a dressed picture. This interaction induces a controllable anharmonicity in the energy spectrum of the mechanical oscillator, which provides the possibility of generating a superposition of two time-dependent coherent states of the mechanical oscillator just by performing a conditional measurement on the internal states of the atoms exiting the optomechanical cavity. We also investigate the tripartite atom-field-mirror entanglement, which is controllable by adjusting the parameters of the system. In addition, we explore the effects of the mechanical dissipation and thermal noise on the tripartite quantum correlation in the system as well as the generated mechanical superposition state.
Universal self-similar asymptotic behavior of optical bump spreading in random medium atop incoherent background: reply
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Xu Zhiheng , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Liang Chunhao
Published: June 2020

In his comment [Opt.
Lett. 45, 3510
(2020)OPLEDP10.1364/OL.385246],
Charnotskii claims that the cross-spectral densities recently studied
in Opt.
Lett. 45, 698
(2020)OPLEDP10.1364/OL.385246 of
partially coherent beams atop a statistical background do not satisfy
the non-negative definiteness requirement. We argue that Charnotskii’s
claim stems from his misunderstanding of the non-negative definiteness
concept as applied to the model of Opt. Lett.
45, 698 (2020)OPLEDP10.1364/OL.385246.
A prehistory of the interactive reader and design principles for storytelling in postdigital culture
Authors: Rouse Rebecca , Holloway-Attaway Lissa
Published: June 2020

This article examines historical examples to illuminate a prehistory of the interactive reader in analogue media, tracing a rich genealogy that is helpful for understanding and designing current works such as augmented reality (AR) books. In addition, a set of generative design strategies to help shape current practice are discussed, based both on formal qualities and characteristics of historical examples and the authors’ own experiences as designers working in mixed reality over many years. Theoretical framing is provided to persuasively make the case for the relevance of historical works for designers today. From medieval manuscripts, to Renaissance medical texts, to seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth century movable books, to the elaborate paper engineering of twentieth century and contemporary pop-up books, the history of the active reader and interactive book design is long and fascinating, and is presented here as an important and direct source of inspiration for digital designers today. Finally, recent interactive book projects designed by the authors are discussed and analyzed for both continuities and disruptions of historical interactive book design strategies, and a framework is presented for conceptualizing the postdigital interactive reader today.
Applications and innovations in typeface design for North American Indigenous languages
Authors: Schillo Julia , Turin Mark
Published: June 2020

In this contribution, we draw attention to prevailing issues that many speakers of Indigenous North American languages face when typing their languages, and identify examples of typefaces that have been developed and harnessed by historically marginalized language communities. We offer an overview of the field of typeface design as it serves endangered and Indigenous languages in North America, and we identify a clear role for typeface designers in creating typefaces tailored to the needs of Indigenous languages and the communities who use them. While cross-platform consistency and reliability are basic requirements that readers and writers of dominant world languages rightly take for granted, they are still only sporadically implemented for Indigenous languages whose speakers and writing systems have been subjected to sustained oppression and marginalization. We see considerable innovation and promise in this field, and are encouraged by collaborations between type designers and members of Indigenous communities. Our goal is to identify enduring challenges and draw attention to positive innovations, applications and grounds for hope in the development of typefaces by and with speakers and writers of Indigenous languages in North America.
The use of using digital tools in developing branching narrative
Authors: Wilson Graham A.
Published: June 2020

As a lecturer in computing at Moray College UHI, and having recently rekindled my passion for branching narrative and particularly gamebooks, when an opportunity arose to conduct the ‘Digital Futures’ research project, I was able to merge my interest in software development with an exploration of digital tool use in writing branching narrative. The aim of the research is to enhance the employment opportunities of creative writing students by potentially developing pathways into authoring gamebooks, digital games, televisual media or theatre productions. I conducted a background study examining the historical and current state of branching narrative and conversed with gamebook authors about the software tools they used and their world-building and publishing experiences. Similar conversations were held with games writers/developers and an interactive theatre producer. This article presents the key elements of that background study and conversation highlights, along with an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of using digital tools to develop branching narrative.
Two minds meeting: Jan Mark and Jon Appleton
Authors: Appleton Jon , Gowar Mick
Published: June 2020

Writers and publishers have traditionally shared close working relationships, but few publishers have had such a long and formative relationship with a writer as Jon Appleton had with the British novelist, short-story writer and teacher Jan Mark. Jon began corresponding with Jan when he was a child in Australia, and as we’ll hear, Jan was instrumental in his ambition to become a publisher, an ambition which he fulfilled when he moved to England in the 1990s. A tired old cliché warns us against meeting our heroes, but from the 1990s until Jan’s death in January 2006, Jon and Jan remained close friends and occasional collaborators. Jon is now one of Jan’s literary executors and, as well as pursuing his own career as a writer and freelance publisher, he has been re-publishing some of Jan’s most challenging and interesting books in digital formats and has recently created the website https://janmark.net, which he describes as ‘the hub for all things Jan’. At the time of this interview, Jon was compiling The One That Got Away (Mark 2020), a major retrospective collection of Jan’s short stories which was published in 2020.
The Multimodal Writer: Creative Writing across Genres and Media, Josie Barnard (2019)
Authors: Gibson Yates Sarah
Published: June 2020

Review of: The Multimodal Writer: Creative Writing across Genres and Media, Josie Barnard (2019)

London: Red Globe Press, 192 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13760-791-1, p/bk, £19.99
Argia txiki egiten denean
Authors: Aizpurua Javier
Published: June 2020

Argiaren kontzeptuari buruzko perspektiba historiko laburra aurkezten da artikulu honetan, haren uhin-izaera azpimarratuz. Uhin-izaera honek materiaren eta argiaren arteko elkarrekintzaren zenbait ezaugarri finkatzen ditu teoria elektromagnetikoaren barruan. Horien artean, aipatzekoa da difrakzio-muga, mikrometro erdi baten azpitik argia lokalizatzea ahalbidetzen ez duena. Metalezko nanopartikulek haien elektroi eroaleen kitzikapenaren bitartez, gainazaleko karga-dentsitatearen uhinak (plasmoiak) sortzen dituzte, eta, horiei esker, argia difrakzio azpiko dimentsioetara eramatea lortzen da. Metalezko nanoegiturek argia harrapatzen eta igortzen duten nanoantena moduko portaera azaltzen dute, fotonika nanoeskalaren erresumara eramanez. Testuinguru honetan, nanoantena optikoen aplikazio teknologikoetako batzuk erakusten dira zenbait arlotan: besteak beste, nanoskopia optikoan, gainazalek handitutako espektroskopia molekularrean, terapia onkologikoan, energi metaketan, metamaterialetan, edota informazioaren teknologietan.
El negocio del hambre. Fraude y corrupción durante la posguerra autárquica en el campo altoandaluz.
Authors: Román Ruiz Gloria
Published: June 2020

La política autárquica de posguerra sumió a la inmensa mayoría de la población en la carestía y la miseria, condenándola al hambre y a la enfermedad. Sin embargo, hubo dos grandes colectivos que se vieron beneficiados con esta apuesta económica del régimen franquista: el de los comerciantes defraudadores y el de los grandes estraperlistas corruptos. La política intervencionista permitió a estos sectores socioeconómicos incrementar sus ingresos, al posibilitar que actuaran irregularmente en en el ámbito de los abastecimientos con un amplio margen de impunidad. Por tanto, la autarquía no fue únicamente la política económica adoptada por el régimen de Franco, sino también una herramienta política de la dictadura para consolidar y generar nuevas lealtades que estuvieran en la base de su perpetuación en el tiempo.
Catalanismo y antifascismo entre Cataluña y América durante la Guerra Civil: el rol del Butlletí Especial per als Catalans Absents de la Pàtria, 1937-1939.
Authors: Lucci Marcela
Published: June 2020

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, las conexiones del catalanismo interior con los 'catalanes de América', el sector de emigrantes y exiliados que lo apoyaron en tierras americanas, experimentaron un gran crecimiento. Durante la Guerra Civil Española, el grupo de Buenos Aires realizó tareas humanitarias y de concienciación antifascista entre el colectivo americano. Para reforzar esta vinculación con Cataluña, el Comissariat de Propaganda de la Generalitat de Catalunya editó en Barcelona el Butlletí Especial per als Catalans Absents de la Pàtria. Realizaremos el primer estudio específico de esta fuente primaria enmarcándola en el contexto de las publicaciones del Comissariat y efectuaremos un análisis de sus aspectos formales. También analizaremos las causas históricas de su aparición, para integrar su existencia al estudio del catalanismo americano durante la Guerra Civil Española. Finalmente, indagaremos en las características que marcaron el compromiso del grupo porteño con la realidad catalana.
Dolor de dictadura, anhelo de república. El caso del emigrante J. D. Infante y "El Republicano"
Authors: Duarte Montserrat Angel
Published: June 2020

Durante los años inmediatamente previos a la Segunda República española emigrantes españoles como J. Daniel Infante propusieron, desde la República Argentina, una serie de criterios políticos a sus correligionarios españoles. La experiencia migratoria de larga duración le permitía conocer los complejos y ambivalentes efectos de las olas democratizadoras en los marcos estatales republicanos forjados por el liberalismo a mediados del siglo XIX. Desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural de la política este artículo aborda el análisis de las indicaciones y sugerencias, liberales y republicanas, democráticas y contenidas tanto en lo relativo a la participación de las multitudes como a la naturaleza de la agenda de reformas, que Infante propuso a sus correligionarios.
España como caleidoscopio. Observaciones de intelectuales argentinos sobre la comunidad letrada hispanoamericana, siglo XIX
Authors: Bruno Paula
Published: June 2020

El artículo estudia las impresiones de intelectuales argentinos acerca de España entre 1880 y los primeros años del siglo XX. El principal problema estudiado es si España era, o no, una referencia intelectual positiva o negativa para Hispanoamérica. Se analizan las ideas y tradiciones que fundamentaron cada una de esas posiciones. Y cabe destacar que los intelectuales y autores elegidos no han sido estudiados hasta el momento desde la perspectiva panorámica propuesta en este artículo. El trabajo muestra que conceptos tales como hispanismo, iberoamericanismo o hispanoamericanismo fueron más heterogéneos de lo que usualmente se piensa, y menos monolíticos. La noción de caleidoscopio como metáfora ha sido elegida, precisamente, para mostrar que no hubo una mirada estática sobre España a lo largo de todo este período.
Más política y Greta que ciencia y oenegés: los protagonistas de la Cumbre del Clima de Madrid según la radio española
Authors: De Sola Pueyo Javier
Published: June 2020

Madrid fue el escenario de la Cumbre del Clima 2020, en la que participaron más de 25.000 personas. En un contexto en el que la cuestión climática se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones de la sociedad, esta investigación analiza quiénes fueron los actores protagonistas de la Cumbre, según la radio española. El estudio revela que las principales cadenas radiofónicas conceden un gran protagonismo a la clase política, mientras que apenas se interesan por el colectivo científico, y que la activista sueca Greta Thunberg goza de una presencia casi idéntica a la del resto de agentes sociales en conjunto.
Construindo a filosofia “clássica”
Authors: Beltrão Claudia
Published: June 2020

A obra filosófica de Cícero põe em cena debates intelectuais entre membros da elite romana, e suas figuras principais exibem uma combinação equilibrada de dotes intelectuais, excelência moral e expertise política. A filosofia grega emerge como um importante aliado no projeto intelectual de Cícero, mas não in toto. Este artigo lida com o modo pelo qual Cícero denigre uma multitudo de filósofos que produziam aquilo que ele considerava obras moralmente perigosas e estilisticamente inferiores, contribuindo para a criação de uma filosofia “clássica” que ainda configura o estudo moderno da filosofia.
As Ordálias da Interpretação
Authors: Mendes Maria Sequeira
Published: June 2020

Ordálias da Interpretação analisa ordálias medievais, a leitura de dados no polígrafo e alguns métodos de tortura, ao mesmo tempo que lê textos como Hamlet e Macbeth. Este livro descreve a ambição por uma pedra de toque que demonstre a veracidade, ou autenticidade, de certas entidades. De notar que pedra-de-toque – basanos (Βάσαυος) – era um termo usado para denominar a pedra com que se testava em contextos mercantis a qualidade do ouro, mas que designava igualmente a ideia de teste, tortura e torturador. Para os intérpretes mencionados neste livro, a pedra de toque, que pode ser um objecto, uma pessoa ou um teste, teria a capacidade de nos auxiliar a distinguir amigos de inimigos, de identificar a qualidade de alguns versos e de iluminar a verdade. Argumenta-se, todavia, que a capacidade de fazer juízos precisos deriva de um entendimento técnico de interpretação conduzida por indivíduos hábeis, observando-se que a capacidade de descobrir “a verdade” depende da perícia de cada examinador, da sua intuição, da capacidade para aprender um método ou uma técnica específica, de detectar erros e fazer perguntas (qualidades importantes na actividade de um crítico literário).
Análise estatística do comportamento das intensidades de precipitação máxima das microrregiões do sul baiano
Authors: Aquino Davi Santiago , Cordeiro Lilian Lopes
Published: June 2020

O conhecimento do comportamento da intensidade máxima de precipitação de determinada localidade apresenta grande interesse de ordem técnica nos projetos de obras hidráulicas, como dimensionamento de sistemas de micro e macrodrenagem de águas pluviais em áreas urbanas, rurais e rodoviárias. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar estatisticamente pelo teste “t” de Student a 5% de significância os valores de intensidade de precipitação máxima entre as três microrregiões da mesorregião do Sul Baiano, para os tempos de precipitação de 10, 30, 60, 120 e 1.440 minutos e períodos de retorno de 2, 10, 50 e 100 anos. Para cada um dos 20 cenários advindos do cruzamento dos valores de duração da precipitação e de período de retorno calcularam-se os valores de intensidade de precipitação dos 70 municípios da mesorregião e as médias microrregionais foram comparadas estatisticamente entre si, a fim de se verificar a ocorrência de heterogeneidade de comportamento da intensidade de precipitação. Verificou-se que as três microrregiões não apresentam grande discrepância entre si e observaram-se disparidades apenas pontuais em determinados cenários, como maior suscetibilidade dos municípios da microrregião de Porto Seguro a precipitações de curta duração.
Dyskurs u władzy. Filozofia polityczna Michela Foucaulta
Authors: Ostolski Adam
Published: June 2020

This paper examines one of the important aspects of Michel Foucault’s political philosophy: different mechanisms subordinating people to the governing discourse. In contrast to the prevailing theories of the “public sphere”, seeking an liberation through the liberation of speech, Foucault focuses his attention on the “order of the discourse”, and the inevitable  power that language has upon people. Among numerous strategies of power/knowledge the following seem to be of the greatest importance: the power of fiction, exclusion, normalization, and the appropriation of discourse.
Społeczna monada
Authors: Skarga Barbara
Published: June 2020

The subject of the article is the relationship of the human entity (monad) to other entities and to the world as a whole. The author discusses the problem within the ontological, political and moral contexts. She is interested in the status of the monad as an isolated being, separating itself from the other and in the conditions necessary for its integration with others. The author turns particular attention to a “social monad” i.e. a set of beings locked in their collective solitude due to the rejection of anything foreign. “The social monad” constitutes a category that makes xenophobic attitudes and causes of social exclusion susceptible to analysis.
O tęsknocie za tożsamością performatywną
Authors: Klimczyk Joanna
Published: June 2020

Joanna Klimczyk
Kilka uwag do metaetycznych poglądów Kazimierza Twardowskiego
Authors: Łukasiewicz Dariusz
Published: June 2020

Dariusz Łukasiewicz
Edukacja regionalna w systemie wychowawczym szkoły podstawowej
Authors: Sopot-Zembok Barbara , Nocoń Halina
Published: June 2020

Transmission of values is the most difficult task in the ethical education. The possible help in it can be provided by a programme of the regional education, which consists on showing to the students the existence of moral values in their small community. Such a programme should involve also many elements concerning history, tradition and specifics of the nowadays situation of a region in case.
Filozofia jako etyka
Authors: Filek Jacek
Published: June 2020

Jacek Filek criticizes the modern “nonethical” ethics. He points out its break with philosophy, lack of self-criticism, inanity, undue and fruitless formalism, and academism. His article makes a general request for the restitution of ethics as the independent and dignified scholarly discipline closely connected with world and life.
Jak umiera człowiek?
Authors: Szawarski Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

Human life is a process. It is the process of becoming and ceasing to be a human being and
it is a process of becoming and ceasing to be a human person. I accept the distinction between
being a human being and being a human person and distinguish further – future, present,
and past human persons. The main problem of the paper is when do we become past persons?
Having distinguished and presented four distinctive modi of human dying (hospital death, hospice
death, nursing home death, and death at home) I concentrate on the problem of good
death and ask what are the goods of the dying person. The goods are: life, the good of the
mind, the good of the body, the good of the communal life, and (paradoxically) the good of
death. The decision who is a terminal patient is a moral one and implies two different strategies
with regard to life: the affirmation of life, and the affirmation of death strategy. The first
one, based on the concept of respect for human life, ignores the value of human dignity. The
second one assumes that we should respect not only human biological life, but the whole human
person, and we cannot respect the whole person if we do not respect her freedom of choice
and her right to self-respect. Care for the artificially sustained but absolutely personless human
life, is not a proper terminal care but rather is post-terminal care, and as such requires
other, special justification.
Greve dos caminhoneiros e crise de abastecimento no Brasil: infraestrutura, neoliberalismo e o desmonte do Estado social
Authors: Camargo Kreuz Letícia Regina , Juruena Cynthia Gruendling
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo analisou a atual infraestrutura de transporte de carga no Brasil, a partir do contexto da greve/lockout dos caminhoneiros que ocorreu em 2018 e a crise de abastecimento e de suprimentos que se instaurou. A população brasileira vivenciou uma situação de caos com as paralisações dos caminhoneiros, e o artigo buscou retratar os principais acontecimentos e os seus reflexos para os cidadãos durante e após as manifestações, bem como a resposta dada pelo governo Temer. Com o impeachment da presidenta Dilma, verifica-se um desmonte do projeto democrático e do Estado social, com o governo alinhado aos interesses do capital financeiro. O problema de pesquisa foi, nesse sentido, verificar se a infraestrutura de transporte é condizente com as dimensões territoriais e geográficas do Brasil. Igualmente, se buscou aferir as respostas dadas pela presidência à crise vivenciada no país, especialmente em relação aos cortes de investimentos em programas sociais. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada no trabalho foi o método hipotético-dedutivo, onde partiu-se da hipótese de que a infraestrutura de transporte não se demonstra suficiente e adequada. A técnica de pesquisa empregada foi a exploratória, realizada a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos e análise de dados e mapas.
4ª Revolução Industrial e governo digital: exame de experiências implementadas no Brasil
Authors: Camargo Kreuz Leticia Regina , Aguilar Viana Ana Cristina
Published: June 2020

A Chegada da 4ª Revolução Industrial imprime modificações em toda a sociedade, impactando de modo direto outros sistemas, como o econômico, social e jurídico. O Brasil é um Estado Democrático de Direito, no qual se objetiva a participação dos cidadãos nos processos decisórios. O constitucionalismo latino-americano defende que uma das maneiras de se democratizar os governos ocorre por meio da participação popular dos cidadãos. Nessa perspectiva, entende-se que a implementação de plataformas digitais pelo Estado se apresenta como modo de implementar os pressupostos norteadores do ordenamento jurídico pátrio, bem como da perspectiva constitucionalista latino-americana. Diante disso, o propósito do presente trabalho é examinar experiências digitais já implementadas no Brasil. A metodologia é lógica-dedutiva e de estudos de experiências implementadas. Os resultados mostram que o Brasil tem buscado implementar mecanismos digitais como meio de aproximação aos cidadãos. Diversos vem sendo bem-sucedidos. No entanto, existem também deficiências que devem ser atentadas para evitar uma cooptação estatal e permitir uma verdadeira conexão com os cidadãos, transformando o Governo verdadeiramente digital e respeitando a dignidade dos cidadãos. Conclui-se que deve ser dado atenção à transparência das plataformas, bem como permitir de maneira isonômica a participação dos cidadãos.
Comunicado científico: Análisis de las medidas de compliance y self cleaning incorporadas a la nueva ley de Contratos del Sector Público en España No. 9/2017
Authors: Lapaz Ultra Gastón Horacio
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo aborda en análisis de la trasposición de las disposiciones de la Directiva Comunitaria N.o 2014/24 en materia de compliance y medidas de self cleaning a la reciente ley de contratos del sector público de España N.o 9/2017. En este sentido, se parte de una nueva conceptualización de los que se podría dar en llamar el “public compliance” (dado su origen anglosajón); de sus implicancias en materia penal, específicamente con la penalización que se da en este país de las personas jurídicas; y, asimismo, de la búsqueda de la mejor sistematización en materia de contratación con el Estado. Por su parte, se deberá hacer mención de la conveniencia en materia de política legislativa, de llevar al ámbito de la contratación pública esta figura, pero además a las formas en que se pretende controlar que este nuevo instituto sea eficaz. Esto último, esta directamente vinculado a la distribución de competencias orgánicos en la Administración, en la capacitación del funcionario público, a la presencia eficiente de los órganos de contralor de la propia Administración, así como a la lectura que efectúe luego la jurisprudencia de todo este entramada de relaciones administrativas en contraste con la aplicación de las normas. Entonces, el objetivo central de este estudio es reflexionar sobre si la nueva ley ha plasmado el espíritu de la Directiva referida, y en cuyo caso cuales son los deberes que quedan pendientes en dicha materia. Desde ya se advierte que en tanto el presente trabajo es abordado por un profesional que se desempeña en la República Oriental del Uruguay, no faltaran en el presente las referencias comparadas a dicho régimen, en donde sin perjuicio que hasta el momento no se habla en la rama pública aún de compliance, en la legislación contractual ya existen disposiciones de ese tenor, y órganos de contralor muy especializados. Finalmente, se deberá señalar que el horizonte en este campo que se estudia debe ser el de la contratación saludable y el de la buena transparencia de las administraciones estatales, tan cuestionadas en este país como en algunos países de Sudamérica en los últimos tiempos.
Berat bayi lahir dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-59 bulan di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Palembang
Authors: Sari Indah Purnama , Ardillah Yustini , Rahmiwati Anita
Published: June 2020

Background: Stunting is an indicator of chronic nutritional problem among children under five years old that influenced by nutrition and health status of mothers not only before and during prenancy but also after delivery. One of the long-term effects of stunting is increasing the risk of obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Low birth weight is one of the causes of stunting which also indicates that the fetus has been malnourished during the womb and stunting is a manifestation of malnutrition for a long time. Objectives: This study aimed to determine of the association between low birth weight and stunting, as well as other variables among children between the ages of 6 to 59 months.Methods: This study used cross sectional design. Samples consisted of about 188 eligible children between the ages of 6 to 59 months which selected using simple random sampling technique. Data of the mother’s, infants and environmental characteristics were obtained through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data on birth weight and length were obtained from interviews and crosscheck from the Maternal and Child Health book or child birth records and data on stunting obtained from height Z-score based on age. Data was analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression test.Results: The prevalence of stunting and low birth weight among children between the ages of 6 to 59 months in Seberang Ulu I subdistrict of Palembang was 39.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Birth weight was related to stunting (95% CI=1.28-2.76; p=0.012) and other variables like infectious diseases in the last 1 month (95% CI=1.13-2.26; p=0.009), maternal height (95% CI=1.10-2.19; p=0.016) and household monthly income (95% CI=1.04-2.28; p=0.024). Conclusion: Children with low birth weight had risk of stunting 2.29 higher than children with normal weight after controlling for other factors such as child’s age, mother’s age during delivery, availability of latrine and household monthly income.
Mulberry bodies in the urine sediment of a patient with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Martínez-Figueroa Carlos , Cortés-Sarabia Karen , Catalán-Nájera Hilda Guadalupe , Martínez-Alarcón Micaela
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Fabry disease is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different organs. Timely diagnosis is crucial for the early initiation of treatment to avoid organic dysfunction secondary to lipid accumulation. In view of the above, a number of studies have been performed to assess the role of mulberry bodies as a new diagnostic tool. In this study, we report a case demonstrating the utility of this test.

Case presentation

We report the case of a woman of advanced age without a history of chronic disease with symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection (dysuria, pelvic pain, and frequent urination). Based on laboratory test results, a diagnosis of anemia with concomitant chronic kidney disease was established. Urine test revealed microhematuria, proteinuria, urine sediment, and the presence of lipid particles consistent with mulberry bodies.

Conclusions

The identification of mulberry bodies and cells in urine sediment is an easy-to-use tool potentially useful in diagnosing Fabry disease, which may contribute to initiate enzyme replacement therapy in a timely manner and reduce systemic deterioration.
Artificial intelligence with neural networks in optical measurement and inspection systems
Authors: Heizmann Michael , Braun Alexander , Hüttel Markus , Klüver Christina , Marquardt Erik , Overdick Michael , Ulrich Markus
Published: June 2020

Optical measuring and inspection systems play an important role in automation as they allow a comprehensive and non-contact quality assessment of products and processes. In this field, too, systems are increasingly being used that apply artificial intelligence and machine learning, mostly by means of artificial neural networks. Results achieved with this approach are often very promising and require less development effort. However, the supplementation and replacement of classical image processing methods by machine learning methods is not unproblematic, especially in applications with high safety or quality requirements, since the latter have characteristics that differ considerably from classical image processing methods. In this paper, essential aspects and trends of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the application in optical measurement and inspection systems are presented and discussed.
Intelligent methods for root cause analysis behind the center line deviation of the steel strip
Authors: Tiensuu Henna , Tamminen Satu , Haapala Olli , Röning Juha
Published: June 2020

This article presents a statistical prediction model-based intelligent decision support tool for center line deviation monitoring. Data mining methods enable the data driven manufacturing. They also help to understand the manufacturing process and to test different hypotheses. In this study, the original assumption was that the shape of the strip during the hot rolling has a strong effect on the behaviour of the steel strip in Rolling, Annealing and Pickling line (RAP). Our goal is to provide information that enables to react well in advance to strips with challenging shape. In this article, we show that the most critical shape errors arising in hot rolling process will be transferred to critical errors in RAP-line process as well. In addition, our results reveal that the most critical feature characterizes the deviation better than the currently used criterion for rework. The developed model enables the user to understand better the quality of the products, how the process works, and how the quality model predicts and performs.
High Resolution Quartz OSL and K-feldspar post-IR IRSL Dating of Loess in the Central Shandong Mountains (Eastern China)
Authors: Zhao Qiuyue , Ding Min , Peng Shuzhen , Wang Luo , Zhang Wei , Song Bo , Zhou Rui , Yue Junsheng , Zheng Dongdong
Published: June 2020

The loess sediments widely distributed in the Central Shandong Mountains are sensitive records of East Asian monsoon changes for situating in a key region connected to the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Ocean. However, the detailed processes of palaeoclimatic changes are poorly understood for the lack of high-resolution chronology. In this study, the chronology of Heishan loess palaeosol sequence in the Central Shandong Mountains is investigated using quartz SAR OSL and K-feldspar post-IR infrared (IR) stimulated luminescence (post-IR IRSL) dating method. The quartz is sensitive, fast component dominated and saturate at ∼150 Gy (∼50 ka). The measured K-feldspar pIRIR290 De showed no dependency on the first IR stimulation temperature between 50°C and 260°C. The K-feldspar pIRIR290 ages are consistent with the stratigraphy up to ∼75 ka. In establishing the chronological sequence for the study section, quartz OSL ages <50 ka and the K-feldspar pIRIR290 ages >50 ka were selected. Derived sedimentation rates show two relatively rapid stages of ∼32.0 ± 5.5 cm/ka for the palaeosol (∼11–8 ka) and ∼54.8 ± 1.1 cm/ka for the loess (∼34–30 ka). An erosional hiatus of loess between ∼30 ka and ∼17 ka is identified. We conclude that the pIRIR290 of loess sediments is applicable for samples during ∼8–75 ka.
Multi-step purification method of water-soluble oligosaccharides produced from hardwood and softwood
Authors: Francillon Juliette , Chirat Christine , Boisset Claire , Buon Laurine
Published: June 2020

Pressurized hot water pretreatment was performed on softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) chips following the same conditions (1 h at 170 °C) in order to partly hydrolyse hemicelluloses. The complete characterization of these sugar enriched autohydrolysates (AH) being rather complex, two different purification methods were conducted. Nanofiltration (NF) 1kDa membrane and ultrafiltration (UF) 3 and 5kDa membranes were used to separate oligosaccharides (OS) from undesired compounds and for their molar mass fractionation. Granulated activated charcoal (GAC) adsorption was also used for hydrolysates detoxification. The chemical nature of OS and side charge groups vary significantly depending of the fractions obtained, e. g. xylans' chain length is positively correlated with the degree of acetylation. UF at 5kDa allows for the total separation of galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from xylans, in SW AH, however, this result was not achieved with HW. From the acid soluble lignin (ASL) removal point of view, membrane filtration from 1kDa is more efficient than activated carbon treatment concerning HW AH, on the contrary to SW AH. Regarding the lignin to OS ratio, for both species, GAC leads to a better sugar purity.
Laser pressure welding of Al-Li alloy 2198: effect of welding parameters on fusion zone characteristics associated with mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Tianbo , Sato Yutaka S. , Xiao Rongshi , Huang Ting , Zhang Jingquan
Published: June 2020

Al-Li alloy 2198 exhibits good combination of toughness and strength but its application is strongly limited by the poor weldability due to the formation of porosities during fusion-welding. This is the first study proposing and verifying a new approach to produce defect-free laser welds of poorly fusion-weldable Al-Li alloy 2198 with applied external pressure, i.e., feasibility of laser pressure welding to Al-Li alloy 2198 was examined. The microstructures associated with tensile shear behavior of laser pressure welded Al-Li alloy 2198 obtained at various welding parameters were analyzed. The results showed that formation of the welding defect in the weld could be successfully suppressed by applying laser pressure welding, even without shielding gas. Three microstructural zones, including the chill zone, the columnar zone and the equiaxed zone were observed in the fusion zone. Size of fusion zone and area fraction of porosities generally increased with increasing roller pressure and welding heat-input, and they dominantly affected the tensile shear behavior, including the peak load and the failure mode, of the weld.