bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing a climate change information source addressing local aspects of a global issue. A case study in New York State
Authors: Lauren Chambliss E. , Lewenstein Bruce
Published: August 2018

This case study describes the development of a climate change information system for New York State, one of the physically largest states in the United States. Agriculture (including dairy production and vineyards) and water-related tourism are large parts of the state economy, and both are expected to be affected dramatically by climate change. The highly politicized nature of the climate change debate in America makes the delivery of science-based information even more urgent and challenging. The United States does not have top-down science communication policies, as many countries do; this case will describe how diverse local and state agencies, corporations, NGOs, and other actors collaborated with university researchers to create a suite of products and online tools with stable, science-based information carefully crafted and targeted to avoid politicization and facilitate education and planning for community, agricultural and business planners and state policy makers who are making decisions now with 20 to 50 year time frames.
Diffusing scientific knowledge to innovative experts
Authors: Tveden-Nyborg Svend , Misfeldt Morten , Boelt Birte
Published: August 2018

Communicating science to scientists works well thanks to well-defined communication structures based on both printed material in peer-reviewed publications   and oral presentations, e.g.\ at conferences and seminars. However, when science is communicated to practitioners, the structures become fuzzy. We are   looking at how to implement Web2.0 technologies to Danish seed scientists communicating to seed consultants, agricultural advisors, and seed growers, and  we are met with the challenge of securing effective knowledge diffusion to the community. Our investigation's focal point is on Rogers' theoretical framework  ``Diffusion of Innovation'' (DOI), as we look at how DOI may affect the Danish seed industry if science communication is redesigned in accordance with the  framework. During our project workshop, participants recognized trends and characteristics from DOI in the Danish seed community and argued for more  collaboration between scientists and practitioners. This can be done by implementing fast-learning via online website, but it needs to be assisted by   slower-paced face-to-face learning to lessen the risk of a digital knowledge divide within the community.
Developing world and science communication research
Authors: Massarani Luisa
Published: August 2018

This paper brings some reflections on JCOM and, in general on a science communication journal, from the perspective of the developing world. It is highlighted the following top aspects of JCOM: open access; the language, that is, the fact that authors can write in their own languages and the article is translated into English; and the fact that JCOM welcomes contributions from every part of the world. The author considers JCOM a unique journal, which approaches science communication in a rich way and keeping a welcome intellectual diversity.
Science journalists' selection criteria and depiction of nanotechnology in German media
Authors: Guenther Lars , Ruhrmann Georg
Published: August 2018

For lay people, mass media are the main source of scientific information; that is why science journalists’ selection and depiction of scientific issues is an important field to study. This paper investigates science journalists’ general issue selection and additionally focuses on science journalists’ depiction of nanoscale science and technology and its related scientific evidence (certainty/uncertainty of research findings). Face-to-face interviews with science journalists (n = 21) from different German media channels were conducted. The results show that the professional role conception, personal interest, news factors and organizational processes mainly influence the selection of science journalists. Overall, journalists have increasingly positive attitudes towards nanoscale science and technology. But results indicate that the coverage of scientific evidence differs according to the science journalists’ focus on beneficial or risky aspects of this emerging technology: journalists stress scientific uncertainty predominantly when discussing the risks of nanoscale science and technology.
The uncertainties of climate change in Spanish daily newspapers: content analysis of press coverage from 2000 to 2010
Authors: Lopera Emilia , Moreno Carolina
Published: August 2018

This paper explores media coverage of climate science through a selection of Spanish newspapers (El País, El Mundo, ABC, Expansión and Levante). We selected a stratified random sample of 363 items to be studied for eleven years (2000-2010). Content analysis allowed us to find out media attention paid to climate science, prevalence of informative tables, evaluation and characterization of news, as well as the presence of questioning or rejection of climate change. According to main results, press coverage of climate science in Spain was mainly focused on the consequences rather than on the causes or natural sources, and media attention paid to it was limited. Overlapping with social and macroeconomic problems in the country also contributed to communication of climate science as a controversial and uncertain science through informative framings.
Assessing scientific citizenship through science centre visitor studies
Authors: Bandelli Andrea
Published: August 2018

As science museums and centres (SMC) broaden their practices to include the development of scientific citizenship, evaluation needs also to take account of this dimension of their practices. It requires complex methods to understand better the impacts of public participation in activities mediated by SMC, including their impacts on the governance of the SMC themselves.
Reframing social exclusion from science communication: moving away from ‘barriers’ towards a more complex perspective
Authors: Dawson Emily
Published: August 2018

Science communication is an increasingly important field of activity, research and policy. It should not be assumed however, that science communication practices provide equitable and empowering opportunities for everyone. Social exclusion, inclusion and equity are key challenges for practitioners, researchers, policy makers and funders involved with science communication. In this commentary I reflect on the limitations of the ‘barriers approach to understanding social inclusion and exclusion from science communication and argue instead that a more complex perspective is needed. I conclude that placing equity at the heart of science communication is crucial for developing more inclusive science communication practices.
Straight into conflict zones, scientific research empowers the minds
Authors: Perié Leïla , Riboli-Sasco Livio , Ribrault Claire
Published: August 2018

Sharing scientific knowledge in conflict zones may not sound like a priority. Still science communicators can contribute to address social issues by inviting people to experience research practice, engaging them in scientific questioning and constructive dialog.
Public communication from research institutes: is it science communication or public relations?
Authors: Carver Rebecca B.
Published: August 2018

There is growing competition among publicly funded scientific institutes and universities to attract staff, students, funding and research partners. As a result, there has been increased emphasis on science communication activities in research institutes over the past decade. But are institutes communicating science simply for the sake of improving the institute’s image? In this set of commentaries we explore the relationship between science communication and public relations (PR) activities, in an attempt to clarify what research institutes are actually doing. The overall opinion of the authors is that science communication activities are almost always a form of PR. The press release is still the most popular science communication and PR tool. There is however disagreement over the usefulness of the press release and whether or not gaining public attention is actually good for science.
The changing rationale of science communication: a challenge to scientific autonomy
Authors: Marcinkowski Frank , Kohring Matthias
Published: August 2018

We argue that the institutionalized push communication of academic institutions has become the dominant form of public science communication and has tended to force other forms and functions of science communication into the background. Given the new schemes of public funding, public communication of science now primarily serves the purpose of enabling academic institutions to promote themselves in a competition that has been forced upon them by the political domain. What academics working under these conditions say about themselves and their work (and what they do not) will depend crucially on the strategic communication goals and concepts of the organizations to which they belong. We surmise that the inherent logic of this form of science communication represents a potential threat to the autonomy of scientific research.
Who’s Asking? Native Science, Western Science, and Science Education
Authors: Dawson Emily
Published: August 2018

‘Who’s Asking: Native Science, Western Science, and Science Education’ explores two key questions for science education, communication and engagement; first, what is science and second, what do different ways of understanding science mean for science and for science engagement practices? Medin and Bang have combined perspectives from the social studies of science, philosophy of science and science education to argue that science could be more inclusive if reframed as a diverse endeavour. Medin and Bang provide a useful, extensive and wide-ranging discussion of how science works, the nature of science, the role of culture, gender and ethnicity in science, biases and norms, as well as how people engage with science and the world around them. They draw on their collaborative research developing science education programmes with Native American communities to illustrate the benefits of reconstructing science by drawing on more than ‘Western’ science in education practices. The book argues that reconceptualising science in science education is crucial for developing a more diverse, equitable and inclusive scientific community and scientific practices, as well as improving educational opportunities and outcomes for youth from diverse and non-dominant backgrounds.
Science festivals: do they succeed in reaching beyond the ‘already engaged’?
Authors: Bultitude Karen
Published: August 2018

The cultural phenomenon of ‘science festivals’ is ever expanding throughout the world, as universities, city and regional governments, and science engagement professionals alike embrace the concept of a focused ‘celebration’ of science. In the past however science festivals have been criticized for neglecting underrepresented audiences. This special issue explores the extent to which current science festivals have managed to engage with diverse publics, and identifies the key challenges facing the future of science festivals, most notably the need for deeper research into the impacts of science festivals.
The visiting artist researcher experiment
Authors: Feser Frauke
Published: August 2018

The visiting artist researcher experiment discussed here brought together visual artists and climate scientists, amongst them my research group which studies storms. The artists’ stay led to a dialogue between our diverging perspectives and an open exchange of ideas. The exchange in my research group was more interactive than I had expected. Many conversations provided insights into ideas and work flows of the artists and, eventually, a new view on our storm studies.
Unfinished Science in Museums: a push for critical science literacy
Authors: Hine Amelia , Medvecky Fabien
Published: August 2018

Communication of scientific knowledge has been caught up in a pedagogical struggle between science literacy ideologies. The backseat role taken by the teaching of the philosophical and sociological aspects of science has come under fire by those calling for a broader view of science to be made public under the umbrella term “critical science literacy”. In this paper, we argue that the lack of unfinished science in museums — science still in the making or still being debated — is a paradigm case where the richer, fuller view of science is being denied air by the presentation of science as a finished, objective set of facts. We argue that unfinished science offers us the opportunity to present the full complexity of science, including its social and philosophical aspects, and thus enabling the “critical” of critical science literacy.
DNA portraits: celebrations of the technoself
Authors: Brierley Meaghan
Published: August 2018

The representation of self and the nature of our identities often converge through technological forms. This study investigates the promotional techniques of seven companies selling DNA portraits, the objective being to uncover how these images derived from laboratory processes are viewed as valid depictions of the self and scientific knowledge. DNA portraits are revealed as the intertwining of technology and identity through celebrations of the technoself.
Beyond dissemination — science communication as impact
Authors: Fogg-Rogers Laura , Sardo Ana Margarida , Grand Ann
Published: August 2018

The drive for impact from research projects presents a dilemma for science communication researchers and practitioners — should public engagement be regarded only as a mechanism for providing evidence of the impact of research or as itself a form of impact? This editorial describes the curation of five commentaries resulting from the recent international conference
‘Science in Public: Research, Practice, Impact’. The commentaries reveal the issues science communicators may face in implementing public engagement with science that has an impact; from planning and co-producing projects with impact in mind, to organising and operating activities which meet the needs of our publics, and finally measuring and evaluating the effects on scientists and publics in order to ‘capture impact’.
Evaluating impact and quality of experience in the 21st century: using technology to narrow the gap between science communication research and practice
Authors: Jensen Eric
Published: August 2018

Access to high quality evaluation results is essential for science communicators to identify negative patterns of audience response and improve outcomes. However, there are many good reasons why robust evaluation linked is not routinely conducted and linked to science communication practice. This essay begins by identifying some of the common challenges that explain this gap between evaluation evidence and practice. Automating evaluation processes through new technologies is then explicated as one solution to these challenges, capable of yielding accurate real-time results that can directly feed into practice. Automating evaluation through smartphone and web apps tied to open source analysis tools can deliver on-going evaluation insights without the expense of regularly employing external consultants or hiring evaluation experts in-house. While such automation does not address all evaluation needs, it can save resources and equip science communicators with the information they need to continually enhance practice for the benefit of their audiences.
Science journalism: the standardisation of information from the press to the internet
Authors: Olvera-Lobo María Dolores , Lopez Lourdes
Published: August 2018

The standardisation and selectivity of information were characteristics of science journalism in the printed medium that the digital editions of journals have inherited. This essay explores this fact from the international perspective, with a special focus on the Spanish case.
“Queue up, you stupid!”: communicating about technology problems. An exploratory study of warning messages posted on machines in public places
Authors: Arbulla Beatrice , Bucchi Massimiano
Published: August 2018

Communication about technology has long been neglected within the field of science and technology communication. This visual exploratory study focuses on how users can communicate with and about technology in public places through warning signs posted on technological devices.
Three broad categories of messages have been identified: bad design, malfunctioning and disciplining users. By analyzing examples within each category, we suggest that studying these communicative situations can be a key to understanding how users are engaged in continuous, elaborate and sometimes even conflicting framing of technological devices (e.g. with regard to their purpose, appropriate uses, shifting boundaries between functioning/malfunctioning); how such framing, in turn, can be used to readjust/realign social behavior and organizational routines.
How to do mass media publicity for a neglected disease. Lessons from Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis in Kenya
Authors: Olet Pamela , Othieno Joseph
Published: August 2018

The prioritization of neglected diseases in the policy making framework requires heightened advocacy [WHO, 2006]. Mass media positive publicity is among approaches that can be used to achieve this. This paper discusses practical use of mass media to do publicity and advocacy for a neglected disease and its vector. It uniquely presents online links to the analyzed newspaper and television news and opinion articles on tsetse and Trypanosomiasis. The paper shares entry points into mass media advocacy from a lessons learned perspective and notes the importance of understanding how the mass media works in order to achieve advocacy of neglected diseases using sleeping sickness as a case study.
School of Ants goes to college: integrating citizen science into the general education classroom increases engagement with science
Authors: Vitone Tyler , Stofer Kathryn , Steininger M. Sedonia , Hulcr Jiri , Dunn Robert , Lucky Andrea
Published: August 2018

Citizen science has proven useful in advancing scientific research, but participant learning outcomes are not often assessed. This case study describes the implementation and tailoring of an in-depth assessment of the educational impact of two citizen science projects in an undergraduate, general education course. Mixed-methods assessment of citizen science within a college classroom demonstrates that public participation in scientific research can positively alter attitudes towards science. The timing and type of assessments yielded significantly different results and qualitative assessment provided depth and context. However, disentangling the impact of the course from participation in the projects is the biggest challenge.
Understanding drivers, barriers and information sources for public participation in marine citizen science
Authors: Martin Vicki , Christidis Les , Lloyd David , Pecl Gretta
Published: August 2018

Interviews were conducted with 110 marine users to elicit their salient beliefs about recording marine species in a citizen science project. The results showed that many interviewees believe participation would increase knowledge (either scientific, the community's, or their own). While almost half of the interviewees saw no negative outcomes, a small number expressed concerns about targeting of marine species by others, or restrictions on public access to marine sites. Most of the people surveyed (n = 106) emphasised the importance of well-designed technological interfaces to assist their data collection, without which they would be unlikely to engage in the project.
Aligning community-based water monitoring program designs with goals for enhanced environmental management
Authors: Buckland-Nicks Amy , Castleden Heather , Conrad Cathy
Published: August 2018

Community-based water monitoring (CBWM) provides essential baseline information on watershed health and engages the public in science, but those involved often encounter barriers to informing environmental management. We conducted qualitative interviews with watershed group coordinators and government counterparts from four CBWM organizations to explore instances where CBWM successfully influenced governmental decision-making. Our findings show that the level of rigor for quality standards, inclusion of volunteers, available resources, and desired goals are important considerations when designing community-based monitoring programs. Integrated program designs that include adequate quality standards and engage volunteers are more apt to maximize resources and realize both scientific and educational goals.
Crowdsourcing the Human Gut. Is crowdsourcing also 'citizen science'?
Authors: Del Savio Lorenzo , Prainsack Barbara , Buyx Alena
Published: August 2018

The participation of non-professionally trained people in so-called citizen science (CS) projects is a much discussed topic at the moment. Frequently, however, the contribution of citizens is limited to only a few narrow tasks. Focusing on an initiative dedicated to the study of the human microbiome, this paper describes such a case where citizen participation is limited to the provision of funding, samples, and personal data. Researchers opted for a crowdsourced approaches because other forms of funding and recruitment did not seem feasible. We argue that despite the narrow understanding of participation in the context of some CS projects, they can address some of the democratic concerns related to scientific knowledge creation. For example, CS and crowdsourcing can help to foster dialogue between researchers and publics, and increase the influence of citizens on research agenda setting.
BioBlitzes help science communicators engage local communities in environmental research
Authors: Roger Erin , Klistorner Sarah
Published: August 2018

There is growing recognition that effective science communication should not merely focus on addressing scientific literacy but must also open dialogue between scientists and the public, build trust, and increase public interest in environmental research. Citizen science BioBlitzes offer a useful approach for science communicators to address many of these key aims. We explore the BioBlitz concept, learnings and outcomes based on a case study of a BioBlitz held in Sydney, Australia. We found that participants valued learning about biodiversity on the day and importantly, all participants (scientists and citizen scientists) rated interacting and learning from the experience as one of the main benefits.
Typologies of the popular science web video
Authors: Munoz Morcillo Jesus , Czurda Klemens , Robertson-von Trotha Caroline Y.
Published: August 2018

This article provides a first statistical analysis of the typologies and characteristics of popular science web videos on YouTube. An analysis of 190 videos from 95 online video channels was conducted. Several factors such as narrative strategies, video editing techniques, and design tendencies with regard to cinematography, the number of shots, the kind of montage used, and even the use of sound design and special FX point to a notable professionalism among science communicators independent of institutional or personal commitments. This analysis represents an important step in understanding the essence of current popular science web videos and provides an evidence-based description of their distinctive features.
Developing narrative exhibitions and science centres. Training needs of exhibition designers
Authors: Higgins Peter
Published: August 2018

In respect of the different modes of science communication including journalism, radio, online, I would propose that the process of making exhibitions and centres dedicated to science & technology is one of the hardest creative typologies. It also provides a very different type of engagement to other modes, in that it works in real time and space with real tangible objects and responsive media. The power of the real is also extended through the direct and collective involvement of people, providing a refreshing antidote to the potential alienating nature of social media and the ever-growing obsession with the virtual. In this paper I will discuss the skills required by a designer in order to solve the challenges contained within the client brief (the project document provided by the client), and therefore the skills a proper exhibition designer training programme should deliver.
Five years of JCOM ― inclusive, comprehensive or could we do better?
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

Looking back over the past 5 years of articles published in JCOM, this editorial looks at the topics covered and the geographies represented and asks: are we tackling all main contemporary issues in science communication/popularisation or public engagement? It invites you to contribute with your papers, letters, essays and news to help address the holes in our coverage and to enter into dialogue on our Facebook page.
Is silence golden? Silence in interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists
Authors: Verouden Nick , van der Sanden Maarten
Published: August 2018

In considering the ethos of science, Robert Merton [1973] posited that openness and secrecy reflect opposing values in the accomplishment of science. According to Merton, scientific inquiry required that all interested parties have access to and freely share scientific information. In our current epoch, this importance of openness in science seems even more widely accepted. It is a given nowadays that scientists are expected to work as part of a team, not only within their own department, but also with other departments different disciplines. To work interdisciplinary scientists must become more communicative and critically talk about difference, which asks maximum transparency and open communication of the participants. However, against the adage that openness and participation in science is an inherent good, one easily forgets that the actual practice of collaborating may also require things are not said. Navigating everyday interactional challenges may depend on postponing issues to keep the process going, for instance because scientists still have to figure out what they find important in the collaboration with others. But also issues like, withholding sensitive problems or not critiquing each other's options viewpoints, leaving points shrewdly of the agenda, and excluding relevant actors from the meeting table. Despite the idea of open innovation, shared visions, beliefs and knowledge we must focus on silence for the good and the bad as well.
Science Communication Postgraduate Studies in Latin America: a map and some food for thought
Authors: Massarani Luisa , Reynoso-Haynes Elaine , Murriello Sandra , Castillo Ayelen
Published: August 2018

This paper contains an overview of the programmes currently existing in Latin America to train science communicators. For such purpose, only postgraduate courses held regularly were considered in the study. Twenty-two programmes meeting such requirement were identified in five countries, 65% of which were in fact established over the past ten years. They present a lot of diversity in terms of admittance requirements, goals, contents, approaches, duration and graduation requirements. However, all of them share the same effort, aiming to offer specific contents in the area of science communication.
Science, Twitter and election campaigns: tracking #auspol in the Australian federal elections
Authors: McKinnon Merryn , Semmens David , Moon Brenda , Amarasekara Inoka , Bolliet Léa
Published: August 2018

Social media is increasingly being used by science communicators, journalists and government agencies to engage in discourse with a range of publics. Despite a growing body of literature on Twitter use, the communication of science via Twitter is comparatively under explored. This paper examines the prominence of scientific issues in political debate occurring on Twitter during the 2013 and 2016 Australian federal election campaigns. Hashtracking of the umbrella political hashtag auspol was used to capture tweets during the two campaign periods. The 2013 campaign was particularly relevant as a major issue for both parties was climate change mitigation, a controversial and partisan issue. Therefore, climate change discussion on Twitter during the 2013 election was used as a focal case study in this research. Subsamples of the 2013 data were used to identify public sentiment and major contributors to the online conversation, specifically seeking to see if scientific, governmental, media or ‘public' sources were the more dominant instigators. We compare the prominence of issues on Twitter to mainstream media polls over the two campaign periods and argue that the potential of Twitter as an effective public engagement tool for science, and for politicised scientific issues in particular, is not being realised.
Science communication for uncertain science and innovation
Authors: van der Sanden Maarten , Flipse Steven
Published: August 2018

Differences in viewpoints between science and society, like in for example the HPV-vaccination debate, should be considered from a socio-technical system perspective, and not solely from a boundary perspective between the lay public, medical doctors and scientists. Recent developments in the HPV-vaccination case show how the debate concerning uncertainty amongst scientists and the lay audience is mostly focussed on the improvement of understanding of lay people about why vaccination is important. This boundary thinking leads to the idea that once the boundary is crossed, the problem is solved. However, such ‘bug-fixing’ and technocentric boundary thinking is not leading to sustainable resolutions. We view science communication as a key aspect of the socio-technical system of scientific, technological and innovation  development, in which the vaccine and its corresponding immunisation program are socially constructed. A process of construction that takes place all the way from the fuzzy front-end of their scientific conception until the marketing back-end. The authority, legitimacy and therefore the license to operate of scientists, engineers and policy makers are discussed, primarily at this boundary, but develops during the whole process of innovation. During upstream processes, professional roles and according behaviour are also defined.

In this commentary we state that the development of science communication strategies should also start upstream, and that the ‘bug-fixes’ of improved listening to (and not by) the lay audience, could be become a more sustainable solution to the HPV-debate if this process of listening by experts considers the socio-technical system of vaccination as a whole. One of the outcomes might be that the dialogue between scientists, policy makers and the lay audience is about the various possible scenarios that deal with inherent scientific and societal uncertainty in which the inevitable uncertainty of science becomes more explicit. It is not known according whether this will lead to more profound interactions, however we would like to explore this possibility a bit more from an uncertain innovation process point of view. This could clear the way for a process of co-inquiry into ideas concerning shared responsibility and accountability. The latter means that the focus in the debate is more balanced and concerns the social network, and is not purely focussed on the betterment ofunderstanding by the lay  audience. Moreover, in this way we consider communication and interaction between actors not as a means of crossing any boundaries (since that may be impossible), but as a means to perturb a status quo or equilibrium within a network of actors. This makes apparent boundaries more explicit and discussable. Methods of interaction, e.g. based on concepts like midstream modulation, may lead to another discourse and give way to new dynamics in this social system.
La gestión de los recursos humanos en las fuerzas de ventas, un estudio exploratorio a través del Método Delphi aplicado a las empresas peruanas
Authors: Bullemore Jorge , Cristóbal Eduard
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se explora la forma como se desarrolla la gestión de las fuerzas de ventas en el Perú desde la perspectiva de los recursos humanos. Su objetivo principal es el diagnóstico de aquellas variables de productividad comercial relacionadas con la gestión de personas tales como el reclutamiento y selección de vendedores, los roles que desempeñan los supervisores comercial, y sobre cómo las firmas gestionan el desarrollo de las competencias específicas para ventas, para así proponer acciones estratégicas para gestores, consultores y académicos en general. Se desarrolló un estudio a través del método Delphi en dos rondas con un panel de expertos. Al final de este estudio se presentan una serie de implicaciones gerenciales centradas en el desarrollo de habilidades de liderazgo comercial.
La teoría de la apreciación y su influencia en la cultura organizacional
Authors: Guardado Lopez Sinuhe Carlos , Martínez Flores Jerónimo
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo exhibe elementos del proceso de percepción, los cuales permitirán entender en consecuencia, la teoría de la apreciación, de igual forma nombra algunos elementos fisiológicos y psicológicos que soportan tal teoría. En el desarrollo del trabajo se pretende comprobar si existen elementos teóricos que soporten la influencia de la teoría de la apreciación en la cultura organizacional. La técnica utilizada en la investigación es de tipo documental. Respecto al diseño de investigación, es de tipo no experimental, específicamente es un diseño transeccional correlacional. Finalmente, se concluye con sólidos elementos científicos que permiten establecer la influencia de la teoría de la apreciación en la cultura organizacional.
Language Hegemonies and their Discontents: History, Theory, Bilingualism, and Funds of Knowledge
Authors: Vélez-Ibáñez Carlos G.
Published: August 2018

This article reviews hegemonic impositions of language and culture over the history of the Southwest North American Region, beginning with Spanish imperial attempts to erase the existing linguistic and cultural practices of Indigenous communities. It goes on to consider the educational processes by which English language and American culture were imposed on Mexican American children and communities following the American Mexican War. Along with hegemonic attempts to subdue and dominate populations, the article also explores the myriad ways subjugated populations have expressed their discontent, from violent revolt to the creation of alternative educational programs. With reference to the latter, given the well-attested benefits of bilingualism, it is argued that one way to capitalize on the cultural and linguistic capacities of transborder populations is to integrate dual-language education and a funds of knowledge approach. Engagement in Mexican-origin children’s social networks will help educators to counter the process of cultural erasure and to ensure that bilingual programs benefit language-minority students, and not just middle-class, English-dominant students. Without support for Mexican-origin and other Latino/a students to emerge fully as complex cultural beings, we will continue to perpetuate a situation of linguistic and cultural hegemony where populations are restricted from their full human potential.
Utilizing Model Knowledge for Design Developed Genetic Algorithm to Solving Problem
Authors: Salmani mojaveri Hamidreza
Published: August 2018

One of the discussed topics in scheduling problems is Dynamic Flexible Job Shop with Parallel Machines (FDJSPM). Surveys show that this problem because of its concave and nonlinear nature usually has several local optimums. Some of the scheduling problems researchers think that genetic algorithms (GA) are appropriate approach to solve optimization problems of this kind. But researches show that one of the disadvantages of classical genetic algorithms is premature convergence and the probability of trap into the local optimum. Considering these facts, in present research, represented a developed genetic algorithm that its controlling parameters change during algorithm implementation and optimization process. This approach decreases the probability of premature convergence and trap into the local optimum. The several experiments were done show that the priority of proposed procedure of solving in field of the quality of obtained solution and convergence speed toward other present procedure.
The antifouling performance of biomimetic fish slime-like PVA/PAAm hydrogels modified coating in marine
Authors: Ren Xiaoting , Zeng Qingyang , Xu Jina , Zhang Wenkai , Xue Lili , Li Kejia
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a fish slime-like coating modified by poly vinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAAm) hydrogel which is the semi-interpenetrating network polymer was designed. A physical blending method loading PVA/PAAm hydrogels powder into the organic silicon resin was employed to prepare the coating. The oil-resistance of the coating was performed by time-sequence images of washing dyed beef tallow stain away. The results showed that the PVA/PAAm hydrogels modified coating had the greater ability of stain removal. The biomass of a marine microalgae species, Nitzschia closterium and f. minutissima attached on the coating were investigated using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the microalgaes showed a significantly lower numbers attached on PVA/PAAm hydrogels modified coating in comparison  with on the organic silicon coating.
Indicaciones de autocuidado para el adulto mayor cuidador de niños: Una mirada desde enfermería
Authors: Quevedo-León Liliana , Alvarado Herly Ruth
Published: August 2018

Introducción: Según el informe de: “Envejecimiento demográfico. Colombia 1951-2020 dinámica demográfica y estructuras poblacionales”, el grupo poblacional de personas mayores de 60 años es mayor que otros grupos poblacionales; este hecho plantea grandes retos para el profesional de enfermería que debe prepararse y contribuir para satisfacer las diferentes necesidades de salud de los adultos mayores, más aún si se tiene en cuenta que ellos se convierten en cuidadores de sus nietos de manera voluntaria o por compromiso, debido a los cambios en la estructura familiar dada por divorcios, migración, madres solteras, ingreso de la mujer a la vida educativa y laboral, entre otros, que han originado cambios en los roles familiares. Objetivo: Identificar cómo repercute el rol del cuidador de su nieto en la salud del adulto mayor que ejerce este papel, con el fin de evitar o prevenir las complicaciones ocasionadas por dicha tarea. Discusión: Este rol de cuidador implica aspectos positivos y negativos en la salud del adulto mayor; negativos como dejar en segundo plano su autocuidado y su vida social; y como efecto positivo sentimientos de satisfacción como sentirse útil y productivo. Conclusiones: Aunque la condición de salud del adulto mayor que ejerce el rol de cuidador de su nieto se ve afectada tanto positiva como negativamente, en este estudio se hace énfasis en el aspecto negativo porque se puede presentar mayor riesgo de problemas emocionales, cardiovasculares y osteomusculares, así como el empleo de estrategias para disminuir tales riesgos. [Quevedo-león L, Alvarado HR. Indicaciones de autocuidado para el adulto mayor cuidador de niños: Una mirada desde enfermería. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 362-367].
Boundary Value Problems For Caputo-Hadamard Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: HAMANİ Samira , BENHAMİDA Wafaa , HENDERSON Johnny
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we investigate the existence of  solutions of a boundary value problem for Caputo-Hadamard  fractional differential equations.Our analysis relies on   classical fixed point theorems.  Examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results.
Regresi Logistik untuk Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat Kabupaten/Kota di Pulau Kalimantan
Authors: Fathurahman Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Regresi logistik merupakan model regresi yang paling sering digunakan untuk pemodelan data kategorik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan regresi logistik dan penerapannya pada Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) kabupaten/kota di Pulau Kalimantan tahun 2013. Metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) digunakan untuk penaksiran parameter. Metode Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) dan uji Wald digunakan untuk pengujian parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penaksir parameter dengan metode MLE berbentuk fungsi yang tidak eksplisit. Sehingga digunakan pendekatan numerik dengan metode Fisher Scoring. Berdasarkan metode LRT dan uji Wald, statistik uji untuk pengujian parameter mendekati distribusi chi-square dan distribusi normal standar. Berdasarkan model regresi logistik terbaik, faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap IPKM kabupaten/kota di Pulau Kalimantan tahun 2013 adalah Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), tingkat kepadatan penduduk dan persentase penduduk miskin.
Response Inhibition in Adolescents is Moderated by Brain Connectivity and Social Network Structure
Authors: Tompson Steven , Falk Emily B. , O'Donnell Matthew Brook , Cascio Christopher N. , Bayer Joseph , Vettel Jean M , Bassett Danielle S
Published: August 2018

Self-control is vital for a wide range of outcomes across our lifespan, yet the developmental trajectory of its core components during adolescence remains elusive. Many adolescents can successfully regulate their behavior even when they do not show strong activation in brain regions typically recruited during self-control in adults. Thus, adolescents may rely on other neural and cognitive resources to compensate, including daily experiences navigating and managing complex social relationships that likely bolster self-control processes. Here, we tested whether activity and connectivity in brain systems associated with social cognition (i.e., self-processing and mentalizing) facilitated successful self-control. We measured brain activity using fMRI as 62 adolescents completed a Go/No-Go response inhibition task. Recruitment of social brain systems, especially the self-processing system, was associated with better response inhibition in adolescents. Interestingly, the reliance on the self-processing system was stronger in adolescents with weaker activation in the canonical response inhibition system, suggesting a compensatory role for social brain systems during adolescent development. Furthermore, we examined the importance of social context by computing the size, number of communities, and modularity of our participants’ real-life social network. We found that adolescents with more friends and more communities in their social networks demonstrated a stronger relationship between response inhibition and recruitment of social brain systems. Collectively, our results identify the importance of social context and its moderating role on the relationship between brain activity and behavior. Furthermore, our results indicate a critical role for social brain systems during the developmental trajectory of self-control throughout adolescence.
Prevalence and Associated Factors with Respiratory Problems among Industrial Workers
Authors: Pradhan M , Silwal M
Published: August 2018

Background: In food processing industry, hazardous contaminants are generated. Flour dust has been introduced as one of the effective factors in the prevalence of respiratory disorders among the workers of the flour production factories.Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors with respiratory problems among industrial workers.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used for the study. Non- probability purposive sampling technique was applied to choose flour industry and consecutive sampling technique was applied to select the sample from the industry. Hundred fifty respondents were taken as sample and self-administered structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: The study revealed that more than half 103 (68.70%) of the respondents had work-related respiratory problems. The prevalence of cough, phlegm, breathlessness, chest tightness and whistling problems were 100 (66.67%), 58 (38.67%), 65 (43.33%), 9 (6.0%) and 4 (2.67%). Among different demographic variables, association of respiratory problems was found with religion (p value = 0.015), income per months of respondents (p value = 0.034) and the information they had about work-related respiratory problems (p value = 0.000).Conclusions: The study shows that there is higher prevalence of respiratory problems among industrial workers. Also, it shows there is association of respiratory problem with exacerbating factors and health checkup facility in the industry. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 46-51
Cytokine Induced Killer (CIK) Cells Based Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Timalsena S , Lamichhane P P
Published: August 2018

Cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells has been increasingly used in adoptive immunotherapy against various cancers and viral infections. This review summarizes the basic overview of CIK cells as a therapeutic immunocyte. Herein, the basic concepts on CIK cells, their general characteristics, approaches in enhancing their functions, cytotoxic mechanism of CIK cells and their therapeutic benefits in tumors and viral infections are explored. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 58-63
Mechanics of Question Paper Setting
Authors: Reddy K R
Published: August 2018

The goal of medical education is to produce the physician we would like to see if we are sick - Melinkoff In all educational developments, one of the most troublesome questions is that of evaluation. Written examination is the most widely used tool in evaluation and assessment of the competency of the medical students. At present, questions are prepared casually just before the examination and are not subjected to any quality check, which may lead to confusion or wrong understanding of the questions by the students. This article is aimed at providing guidelines and a scientific method to frame good question papers to improve the quality of evaluation and assessment of medical students. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 64-67
Multilingualism and Postmigrant Theatre in Germany
Authors: Sharifi Azadeh
Published: August 2018

Immigrants to Germany have fought for decades to be recognized in the country’s artistic sphere. In the German theatre, there was no such recognition before the beginning of the twenty-first century, when the opening of the Ballhaus Naunynstraße and the coining of the term “postmigrant theatre” made multilingualism visible on stage as a practice of resistance and empowerment. This article focuses on how multilingualism has been used to mark theatrical space and empower artists of colour in the German theatre. By drawing a historical line from Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Kanak Sprak to the postmigrant theatre of the Ballhaus Naunynstraße and then analysing the queer performance piece Frutas afrodisíacas and Mehdi Moradpour’s Mumien: Ein Heimspiel, this article explores how multilingualism and the creolization of the German language have transformed the German theatre.