bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing Supply Chain Management: Real-time Data Processing and Concurrency
Authors: Shukla Suwarna , Singh Prabhneet
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary business landscape, effective supply chain management (SCM) is paramount for organizations seeking to thrive amidst evolving market dynamics and heightened customer expectations. This research paper presents a pioneering approach to SCM that harnesses cutting-edge technologies, namely Kafka and Akka, to revolutionize data integration and decision-making processes. By leveraging Kafka as a robust distributed event streaming platform and Akka as a versatile toolkit for developing concurrent and distributed applications, our system facilitates seamless communication and coordination across diverse nodes within the supply chain network. This paper elucidates the intricacies of the proposed architecture, detailing the implementation methodology and performance evaluation metrics. Through a comprehensive examination, we demonstrate how our solution enhances supply chain visibility, fosters operational agility, and enables real-time responsiveness to market fluctuations and customer demands. Moreover, practical use cases exemplify the transformative impact of our approach on inventory management optimization, order fulfillment efficiency, and logistics optimization. Furthermore, we delve into the challenges encountered during implementation and deployment, offering insights into potential mitigative strategies. Finally, we outline avenues for future research, exploring emerging trends and opportunities in the realm of SCM empowered by Kafka and Akka technologies.
Parametric Decay of a Kinked Alfvén Wave Packet: 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Marriott Maile , Tenerani Anna
Published: May 2024

Large amplitude Alfvénic fluctuations, sometimes leading to localized inversions of the magnetic field, called switchbacks, are a common but poorly understood phenomenon in the solar wind. In particular, their origin(s), evolution, and stability within solar wind conditions are yet to be fully understood. Simulations modeling switchbacks have previously studied their stability in 2D. Here, we investigate the decay process of Alfvén wave packets via MHD simulations in 3D by characterizing the effects of system size, aspect ratio, and propagation angle on the decay rate. We show that the initial wave packet is unstable to parametric instabilities that develop compressible and Alfvénic secondary modes in the plane of, and transverse to, the initial wave packet propagation direction. The growth of transverse modes, absent in 2D simulations, increases the decay rate of the wave packet. We finally discuss the implications of our results for lifetime estimates of switchbacks and wave energy conversion in the solar wind.
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), a Possible Cause of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report
Authors: Sahraoui Houssam Eddine , Danaoui Kaoutar , Sihami Abdelaziz , Mouaffak Youssef , Younous Said
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE that requires a febrile infection between 24 h and 2 weeks before the onset of refractory status epilepticus (SE), with or without fever at the onset of SE, and with no restriction to the age of the patient. The literature on FIRES is scarce.
CASE PRESENTATION: This article reports a case of a patient of 8 years old without relevant family, psychosocial, prenatal or perinatal, or pathological history and normal neurodevelopment. The child consulted on a pediatric emergency with convulsive SE preceded 8 days before by otitis with acute fever managed with cephalosporin. Subsequently, seizures appeared in the following 48 h, characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures lasting 5–6 min. The seizures became more frequent until consciousness deteriorated, and motor SE appeared. In consequence, a coma was initiated, and the patient was hospitalized for emergency pediatric reanimation, where multifocal clonic and myoclonic seizures continued. A lumbar puncture with polymerase chain reaction was done twice and returned negative. Two magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed: the first was normal and the second, after 20 days in the hospital, showed cortical damage with SE. Different anticonvulsant treatments were used for 4 weeks: Valproic acid, clobazam, ketamine, levetiracetam for 24 days, and relay to, brivaracetam used in the treatment of epilepsy to control focal seizures; propofol, midazolam, and some antiepileptic drugs were used simultaneously and at maximum recommended doses, achieving a poor initial response, but eventually leading to total crisis control. The patient receives immunoglobulin for 2 days 1 g/kg/J. A ketogenic diet aimed at therapy and known antiepileptic properties, rich in lipids, and low in sugars, causing ketonemia in non-surgical drug-resistant epilepsies, was used for our patient with an efficacy that proved to be remarkable on the frequency of undergoing seizures, his tolerance was good. The diet can be maintained for 20 days without incident, in particular, with no episode of hypoglycemia. Electroconvulsive therapy (formerly called sismotherapy, electronarcosis, or shock therapy) is a therapeutic tool used in several psychiatric illnesses was also used with different frequencies for our patients twice a week with no favorable response. The evolution was marked by the aggravation of the patient following diffuse cerebral edema resulting in cardiac arrest and non-response to resuscitation measures, the patient declared at 07 AM on February 27, 2023.
CONCLUSION: FIRES is a rare epilepsy syndrome of unclear aetiology in which children, usually of school age, suddenly develop very frequent seizures after a mild febrile illness. Seizures in FIRES are typically difficult to treat, and the prognosis is poor.
An island in a sea of sand: a first checklist of the herpetofauna of the Serra da Neve inselberg, southwestern Angola
Authors: Marques Mariana P. , Parrinha Diogo , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Tiutenko Arthur , Bauer Aaron M. , Ceríaco Luis M. P.
Published: May 2024

The Serra da Neve inselberg in Namibe Province, southwestern Angola is the second highest peak of Angola with an elevation of 2489 m. It remains one of the least explored regions in the country, despite several endemic species having been recently described from this inselberg. Here we provide an inventory of the amphibian and reptile species ocurring in Serra da Neve and compare its fauna with that of the surrounding habitats at lower elevations. We also examine the phylogenetic affinities of the inselberg taxa. A total of 59 herpetological taxa were recorded for the Serra da Neve inselberg and its immediate surroundings. These include 11 species of amphibians, belonging to nine genera and seven different families, and 48 species of reptiles, belonging to 32 genera and 12 families. Of these, one amphibian and seven reptiles from seven different genera are strictly endemic, making the inselberg the richest region in southwestern Africa with respect to strict endemics, with one endemic reptile taxa per 127 km2. Not surprisingly, most of the recorded taxa belong to clades that are endemic, or at least strongly associated, with southern Africa, but two are representatives of central African clades, and another two are more closely related to eastern African highland taxa. We also provide comments on the threats to the conservation of this endemic-rich inselberg.
Integration of machine learning in the supply chain for decision making: A systematic literature review
Authors: Polo-Triana Sonia , Gutierrez Juan Camilo , Leon-Becerra Juan
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study presents a systematic literature review that provides a broad and holistic view of how machine learning can be used and integrated to enhance decision-making in various areas of the supply chain, highlighting its combination with other techniques and models.Design/methodology/approach: An exhaustive literature review used three sets of keywords in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Through a rigorous filtering process, 70 articles were selected from an initial total of 410, focusing on those that specifically addressed the intersection of machine learning and decision-making in supply chain management.Findings: Machine learning has proven to be an essential tool in the supply chain, with applications in inventory management, logistics, and transportation, among others. Its integration with other techniques has led to significant advances in decision-making, improving efficiency in complex environments. Combining machine learning methods with traditional techniques has been particularly effective, and integration with emerging technologies has opened up new application possibilities.Originality/value: Unlike previous studies that focused on specific areas, this study offers a broad perspective on the application of machine learning in the supply chain. Additionally, combining machine learning techniques with other models is highlighted, representing added value for the scientific community and suggesting new avenues for future research.
Bayesian optimization with deep learning based pepper leaf disease detection for decision-making in the agricultural sector
Authors: Alhashmi Asma A , Alohali Manal Abdullah , Ijaz Nazir Ahmad , Khadidos Alaa O. , Alghushairy Omar , Sayed Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Agricultural decision-making involves a complex process of choosing strategies and options to enhance resource utilization, overall productivity, and farming practices. Agricultural stakeholders and farmers regularly make decisions at various levels of the farm cycle, ranging from crop selection and planting to harvesting and marketing. In agriculture, where crop health has played a central role in economic and yield outcomes, incorporating deep learning (DL) techniques has developed as a transformative force for the decision-making process. DL techniques, with their capability to discern subtle variations and complex patterns in plant health, empower agricultural experts and farmers to make informed decisions based on data-driven, real-time insights. Thus, we presented a Bayesian optimizer with deep learning based pepper leaf disease detection for decision making (BODL-PLDDM) approach in the agricultural sector. The BODL-PLDDM technique aimed to identify the healthy and bacterial spot pepper leaf disease. Primarily, the BODL-PLDDM technique involved a Wiener filtering (WF) approach for pre-processing. Besides, the complex and intrinsic feature patterns could be extracted using the Inception v3 model. Also, the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm was used for the optimal hyperparameter selection process. For disease detection, a crayfish optimization algorithm (COA) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) method was employed to identify the precise presence of pepper leaf diseases. The experimentation validation of the BODL-PLDDM system was verified using the Plant Village dataset. The obtained outcomes underlined the promising detection results of the BODL-PLDDM technique over other existing methods.
« Aujourd’hui, nous avons enfin une patrie ! » L’appartenance nationale chez les jeunes hommes d’un quartier populaire de la Caracas post-Chávez
Authors: Zabaleta Henry Moncrieff
Published: May 2024

Cet article explore la question de l’appartenance à la « patrie » au Venezuela, une nation plongée dans une crise politique et économique prolongée. Au moyen d'une ethnographie visuelle structurée autour d'un travail de photo-élicitation avec des jeunes hommes d'un quartier populaire surplombant Caracas, j’analyse leurs modes d'affiliation national(ist)e depuis la mort de Chávez à l'aune de leurs ancrages dans cet espace historiquement marginalisé sur le plan socio-économique et marqué par la violence. Il s'agit de comprendre les formes d’identification sociale des enfants de la Révolution bolivarienne, de cette génération née il y a une vingtaine d'années, à l'époque de la mise en place du projet socialiste porté par Chávez. Ces jeunes que j’ai rencontrés entre 2014 et 2017 sont porteurs de subjectivités propres face à la forte polarisation partisane et aux transformations du pays, en quête de sens et d'attaches dans cet environnement marqué par les pénuries alimentaires, l'arbitraire policier, la violence urbaine et la migration forcée. Pour eux, le fait de se « sentir Vénézuélien » passe par des formes d'interpellation symbolique de l’État bolivarien, dans le cadre d'une politique performative articulée autour de prédispositions, de pratiques et de frontières déterminées, avec leur lot de violences, de loyautés et d'indifférences, entre appartenances brisées et identifications radicales.
Intentions d’usage et fonctions de l’image vidéo pour former
Authors: Pacquola Mariachiara , Olry Paul
Published: May 2024

Les images vidéo sont aujourd’hui omniprésentes comme supports de la formation ou de la professionnalisation. Une majorité des images captées et exploitées le sont en effet au nom de référentiels, de situations didactiques attachées à un programme. Cet article s’intéresse aux fonctions que ces images vidéo peuvent jouer dans un processus de formation professionnelle qui ne connaît pas son objet. C’est le cas dans des univers techniques où des problèmes inédits surgissent : il s’agit alors d’instruire avec l’aide des images vidéo une double dynamique transformer/comprendre. Transformer les actions du travail mises à l’épreuve ici par de nécessaires modifications du procédé, sous contrainte d’un process de production similaire. Comprendre profondément les phénomènes en jeu dans la transformation pour être en capacité de les reproduire en action, mais également de les partager en les nommant et en les explicitant. L’ordre transformer/comprendre est subverti d’une part, par l’expérience antérieure des acteurs de la production et d’autre part, par un visionnage de vidéos qui suspend l’action pour donner du temps à la réflexion. Parce qu’elles font trace et qu’elles offrent la possibilité de retours sur l’action, le recours aux images vidéo joue plusieurs fonctions structurantes d’un parcours de formation, de patrimonialisation de savoir-faire et de processus productifs/transmissifs. Ces fonctions résultent de l’articulation des images comme données avec d’autres données d’enquêtes ethnographique, documentaire ou immersives. Elles se construisent par le statut complémentaire de cette articulation tour à tour i) compréhensive (par l’identification et la construction du problème productif) ; ii) transitionnelle du comprendre au transformer (par une opération de nommage qui amène à distinguer la description d’un procédé, sa charge conceptuelle, à son inscription et son usage dans le flux du travail) ; iii) délibérative de la pertinence de cette dynamique transformante sur la culture commune de métier entre les différentes parties prenantes.
Des Systèmes Hybrides Texte-Image-Son (SHTIS) comme instruments du dialogue d’ingénierie
Authors: Blocher Jean-Noël
Published: May 2024

L’article traite de l’usage de systèmes hybrides texte-image-son (SHTIS) au sein d’une ingénierie coopérative (CDpe, 2019). Les SHTIS sont des systèmes de représentation multimodaux qui donnent à voir et à comprendre les situations étudiées. Conçues et améliorés au sein d’un collectif d’ingénierie, ils constituent des instruments phénoménotechniques et phénoménographiques qui favorisent l’émergence et le développement du dialogue d’ingénierie et la constitution d’un style de pensée (Fleck, 2005). Au-delà de l’objet d’étude traité dans l’article, il s’agit également d’illustrer la manière dont l’écriture d’un article multimodal permet une mise à disposition originale des données et une mise en disposition du lecteur dans une forme d’ascension de l’abstrait des concepts manipulés au concret de leur expression en situation.
L’influence de la modalité orale en géométrie
Authors: Petitfour Édith , Houdement Catherine , Audoin-Latourte Nicole
Published: May 2024

Cet article explore l’influence de la modalité orale dans la résolution d’un problème géométrique donné à des élèves de 9-11 ans. Il bénéfice d’une double perspective : sciences du langage et didactique des mathématiques, avec une forte dimension sémiotique. Le problème consiste à produire un dessin à main levée à partir d’un court texte (lu aux élèves) qui décrit une figure géométrique. Les analyses s’appuient sur un recueil des signes qui définissent les actions multimodales de l’enseignante et des élèves : paroles, gestes, postures, tracés. Les élèves construisent une grande variété de dessins erronés, l’analyse des processus de tracé révèle des cheminements complexes chez les élèves. L’étude montre l’impact de la modalité orale sur la difficulté de la tâche. Elle questionne la pertinence de la modalité orale pour la tâche étudiée, et plus généralement pour tout problème de conversion d’un texte vers un dessin.
أهمية الوثائق المحفوظة في أرشيفات رئاسة الجمهورية التركية في كتابة تاريخ الجزائر الحديث
Authors: سعيدي خيرالدين
Published: May 2024

تناولت هذه الورقة البحثية التعريف بمصدر مُهمّ في كتابة تاريخ الجزائر خلال العهد الحديث وهو الأرشيف العثماني المحفوظ في أرشيف رئاسة الجمهورية التركية في إسطنبول. قسّمنا الدراسة إلى قسمين أساسيين: الأوَّل سعى إلى التعريف ببعض النماذج البحثية التي اعتمدت الأرشيف العثماني في كتابة جزء مِن تاريخ الجزائر. أمَّا القسم الثاني فقد خُصِّص لتقديم نماذج من الوثائق الأرشيفية والمراسلات الرسمية الموجودة في هذا الأرشيف باللغتين العثمانية والعربية. وهو ما أتاح لنا التعرف على أهمية هذا الرصيد الأرشيفي. كما قدمنا أمثلة مهمة عن عدد من الأخطاء الموجودة في بعض السرديات التاريخية بخصوص تاريخ الجزائر. كما بينّا بأنّ الانفتاح على الأرشيف العثماني في كتابة تاريخ الجزائر أصبح حتمية معرفية وليس اختيارية، لأنّ الكشف عن وثائق الأرشيف العثماني سيساهم في الانفتاح على مواضيع جديدة في تاريخ الجزائر لم تطرق بعد.
L’onomastique au service des personnages dans « Ce que le jour doit à la nuit » de Yasmina Khadra
Authors: Bouchakour Fatima Zohra
Published: May 2024

Cet article porte sur l’attribution onomastique des personnages de Ce que le jour doit à la nuit de Yasmina Khadra. Le nom propre, aussi simple et anodin qu’il semble l’être, ne l’est pas. L’acte dénominatif romanesque est bien pensé. Le nom propre véhicule bien plus qu’on pourrait le croire, et ne se limite plus au simple fait de nommer. Il transcende sa fonction première. À présent, le nom propre est vecteur de message et devient un réceptacle d’une culture. À travers notre étude, nous tenterons de démontrer les liens interstitiels existants entre les personnages et les noms qu’on leur a conférés. Que soulignent les noms propres ? Sont-ils à l’image des personnages ou sont-ils à l’opposé de ce que leurs patronymes véhiculent ?
L’enfant dans l’épigraphie funéraire latine d’Afrique : les provinces de Numidie et de Maurétanie césarienne comme cas d’étude (1er - 3ème siècle ap. J.-C)
Authors: Siada Salima
Published: May 2024

Les études portant sur l’enfant dans les provinces romaines ainsi qu'à Rome, ont tenté de saisir le statut de celui-ci au sein de la famille et de la société à partir des textes et des vestiges archéologiques collectés dans des contextes divers. Les inscriptions funéraires ont globalement permis de mieux appréhender la nature de la relation qui liait les parents à leurs enfants et, plus spécifiquement, de définir un certain nombre de problématiques liées au sexe et à l'âge. Les provinces d’Afrique romaine n’ont, pour l’heure, pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude en ce sens. À partir du corpus épigraphique cet article présente un inventaire des inscriptions funéraires disponibles dédiées à l’enfant dans les provinces romaines de Numidie et de Maurétanie Césarienne, durant les trois premiers siècles de l'empire. Le présent texte propose de réfléchir à quelques questions majeures liées à la commémoration et au statut de l’enfant dans ces deux provinces.
Thermal Cycle Simulation of Heat Affected Zone in the Welded Mild Steel
Authors: Hamdi Ines , Boumerzoug Zakaria , Bedjaoui Oualid , Melik Wafa , Delaunois Fabienne
Published: May 2024

The aim of this work was to study the microstructure evolution of simulated heat affected zone in mild steel using thermal cycle simulation and it was compared to the heat affected zone in the real welded joint. The optical microscopy, micro-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction were used as characterization techniques. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the simulated heat affected zone were also determined. The use of the thermal cycle simulation technique revealed in detail the different microstructures in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welded joint. Some similarities were observed between the heat affected zone obtained by the thermal cycle simulation technique and the heat affected zone observed in the real welded joint. The thermal cycle simulation technique revealed more details about the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the heat-affected zone. The HAZ microhardness values were lowest hardness in the welded joint. Moreover, the lowest hardness value is obtained for the HAZ simulated at 850°C.
Development of Ni-Mn-Ga Enabled Micropumps for Hybrid Microdevices in Microelectromechanical Systems
Authors: Hu Hao , Jiang Hui Huang , Guo Dong Hui , Ullakko Kari
Published: May 2024

This study selects a single crystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloy by its exceptional actuator attributes, high actuation speed, precise position control, rapid response to external magnetic fields, and extended operational lifespan. Researchers venture into uncharted territory, aiming to harness the potential of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy to revolutionize micropump performance and refine fluid manipulation within miniature devices. The methodology at the heart of this endeavor involves the seamless integration of this specialized alloy with microdevice technology, giving rise to a set of unique pump components that substantially boost pump efficiency. Crucially, Ni-Mn-Ga is the chosen material for the active part of the micropump. At the same time, MEMS fabrication handles the passive elements, all facilitated by the 0.18 µm semiconductor technology and Sivalco TCAD simulation software. Computational simulations validate the alloy's suitability, impressively achieving an accumulated flow volume of 0.15 x 10e-4 µL in 10 microseconds. Beyond its scientific significance, this research bridges MEMS technology and magnetic-enabled smart materials, showcasing the remarkable capabilities of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy in significantly enhancing micropump performance. These innovative solutions promise to open doors to groundbreaking applications in microfluidic systems across many scientific and industrial domains.
Effect of Mercerization on Mechanical Properties of Grewia Optiva Natural Fiber Polymer Composites
Authors: Chauhan Sonika , Gope Prakash Chandra
Published: May 2024

The concerns towards sustainable development have triggered the need of adopting biodegradable products in different applications. The natural fibers are being widely explored in the field of composites for various applications. Sustainable architecture is also seeking the research and development of new materials to minimize the negative environmental effect of the traditional structural materials. A bast fiber obtained from Grewia Optiva (G.O.) tree is abundantly available in the sub-Himalayan terrains and is still underutilized in the field of biocomposites. The promotion of G.O. fiber in fabrication of biocomposites may give a source of income and employment to rural hilly populations. This research work utilizes the G.O. fiber collected from the Okhalkanda block of Nainital district of Uttarakhand to develop biocomposites. The effect of mercerization on the water absorption behavior and mechanical properties has been also studied. It is found that the treatment of fibers with NaOH reduces the water absorption tendency of G.O. Natural Fiber Reinforced Biocomposites (NFRB) upto 41.05% and the mechanical properties are also improved by appreciable amount. The tensile and flexural strength obtained are 141.45 MPa and 109.84 MPa respectively for mercerized fiber reinforcement. Impact strength and mode-I fracture toughness have been recorded as 11.97 KJ/m2 and 1.85 MPa√m respectively. SEM images of fractured surfaces indicate good bonding of mercerized fibers as compared to untreated fibers with epoxy matrix. Hence the Grewia Optiva biocomposites have potential to be used in different architectural applications like wall panels, false ceilings, doors, windows, etc.
Modifying the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Non-Heat Treated HPDC AlSi10MnMg Foundry Alloy via Incorporation of TiB2 Particles and Sc
Authors: Shareef Nisha , Liu Xiang Ting , Zhao Kai , Shahzad Muhammad Saqib , Zhang Jing Tao , Guo En Yu , Kang Hui Jun , Hao Zhi Gang , Li Jie Hua , Wang Cun Shan , Chen Zong Ning , Wang Tong Min
Published: May 2024

The demand for structural lightweight in a variety of industries, particularly the automobile industry, has driven the development of heat-free die-cast aluminum alloys with excellent properties. Utilizing lightweight materials, such as Al-Si alloys has several benefits, including higher overall performance in automobiles and other industries, increased heat resistance efficiency, decreased emissions, and reduced weight. The purpose of this study is to modify the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting (HPDC) AlSi10MnMg foundry alloy by incorporation of TiB2 and Sc without any heat treatment. The results showed that the HPDC process significantly refines the grain structure and AlSiMnFe intermetallic compounds, transforming the eutectic morphology from sharp to rounded, and 93% enhancement in elongation at the optimum content (0.018 wt.%) of TiB2. While the hardness of the alloy was improved by 15.7% with the addition of 0.03wt.% TiB2. TiB2 incorporation refines the grain structure and AlSiMnFe phases, while depressing externally solidified crystals (ESCs). The HPDC process refines Al3Sc phases as well as AlSiMnFe phases while increasing yield strength due to Al3Sc strengthening effects. After 0.5wt.% Sc addition in 0.018wt.% TiB2-AlSi10MnMg alloy, the YS, and EL reached the maximum of 196MPa and 9.93% respectively.
Optimization of the Car Body Elements’ Stamping Process Based on the Strain Analysis
Authors: Rękas Artur , Kaczmarek Tomasz , Radke Marek , Kneć Marcin
Published: May 2024

The extent of deformation in the process of forming body elements affects the amount of thinning of the shaped material, and consequently the possibility of material cohesion loss. In the tests, the size of deformation of the car body elements in the stamping process was determined according to the measurement of the displacement of the measurement points. A measuring grid was applied to the surface of the mat by electrochemical etching. The form with the applied measuring grid was drawing on the production line. Reference point displacement measurements were made with the use of an optical measuring system. The forming limit curve was determined for the CR4 grade steel sheet with a thickness of g = 0.75 mm. The deformation measurement results were related to the forming limit curve to identify the actual deformation level. The results of the deformation measurement allowed to indicate the place and scope of the correction of the shaping tools geometry and process parameters.
Optimization, Sodium Hydroxide and Plantain Fibres: Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Composites for Transtibial Prosthetic Socket
Authors: Nwaiwu Cajetan O. , Ekezie Jervas , Azeez Oladimeji Taofik , Daniel Ada Jovita , Igbokwe Oluchi Blessing , Akanbi Magdalene Nkeiru
Published: May 2024

Low mechanical behaviors of natural fibres in the reinforcement of polymer composites have remain an issue of concern. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of NaOH treatment on the mechanical properties of plantain fiber for the transtibial prosthetic sockets made of polyester resin. Plantain fiber was extracted from the plantain bast using water retting techniques. The fibres were modified using alkaline treatment method of 5 – 25% for variable time of 30 to 150 minutes. It was optimized using 3-level Factorial design (3-LCD) of response surface methodology based on tensile properties of treated fibres. The polyester composites of plantain and glass fibers were prepared using hand-layup techniques. Instron Universal testing machine-3369 model was used to determine the tensile and impact properties of fibers and polyester composites. Rockwell hardness tester-RBHT/S-39 model was used to determine the hardness property. The optimum process conditions of 5 % NaOH for 119 minutes improved plantain fiber tensile strength, modulus, strain, energy, and extension by improved by 102.03, 208.07, 9.70, 210.52 and 205.73 %, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength and modulus was obtained at 10 and 12.5% fiber loading. The hardness and impact strength of NaOH modified unsaturated polyester composites was marginally more than 3.51 and 10.69% of glass fiber reinforced unsaturated composites, respectively, at 12.5% fiber loading. FTIR analysis revealed the improvement in mechanical properties. Thus, NaOH modified plantain fiber unsaturated polyester composites serves as a better alternative for making transtibial prosthetic socket.
Evaluation of Fatigue Limit Improvement and Harmless Crack Size of Maraging Steel Using Shot Peening
Authors: Yun Seo Hyun , Nam Ho Seok , Nam Ki Woo
Published: May 2024

The fatigue strength of maraging steel, which is an ultra-high-strength steel, is relatively low, compared to that of conventional high-strength steel. The fatigue life of a structure is highly dependent on the surface conditions, because fatigue cracks generally start at the surface of the material. In particular, surface cracks considerably degrade the fatigue limit. To expand the application range of maraging steel, it is necessary to improve the fatigue limit, and render the surface cracks harmless. This study aims to investigate the effect of shot peening (SP) on the fatigue strength of maraging steel with surface cracks. The SP application introduced a compressive residual stress from the specimen surface to a depth of 170 μm, and increased the fatigue limit by 77 %. The estimated crack size that can be rendered harmless, based on fracture mechanics, is (0.170 − 0.202) μm in the range As = (1.0 − 0.1). The intersections of the harmless crack sizes were determined at depth. A semicircular surface crack below this value is harmless in terms of fatigue limit. The usefulness of non-destructive inspection (NDI) and non-damaging technology was evaluated in relation to ahml, aNDI, a25,50, and As. Thus, the SP process can improve the reliability of the maraging steel. Compressive residual stress is the dominant factor to improve fatigue strength and render the surface crack harmless.
Is Rome ready to react to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive attacks? A tabletop simulation
Authors: Rosiello Francesco , Vinci Antonio , Vitali Matteo , Monti Manuel , Ricci Lidia , D'oca Elisa , Damato Felice Marco , Costanzo Virgilio , Ferrari Giovanni , Ruggeri Matteo , Ricci Serafino
Published: May 2024

Rome is vulnerable to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) attacks. The study evaluates Rome’s advanced emergency departments’ state of emergency plans for massive influx of injures (PEIMAF) plans for CBRNe attacks. We propose a chemical attack on Saint Peter’s Square during the Pope’s General Assembly and its effects. The National Stockpile Antidotes’ activation and territorial distribution timing work well for chemical attacks. We also estimated activation timing. Our data show that despite a good organization, travel times can be improved. We also believe that all major Roman hospitals must develop the PEIMAF, which should be followed by an organized training plan involving theoretical teaching and indoor and outdoor simulation to train hospital staff and evaluate PEIMAF weaknesses and vulnerabilities. The effectiveness and efficiency of first aid depend on timing, and each PEIMAF analyzed, while coherent and adequate for internal purposes, fails to integrate with the other hospitals. Integration can speed up National Stockpile Antidotes delivery and save lives. For the best CBRNe response, detailed intervention protocols must be created, updated daily, and exercised.
Yoga as an Adjuvant with Multimodal Psychological Interventions for Excessive Use of Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial from India
Authors: Tadpatrikar Ashwini , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Bhargav Hemant , Anand Nitin , Sharma Priyamvada , Sharma Shubham
Published: May 2024

Background:

Multimodal approach of psychotherapy has been found to be effective for managing the excessive use of technology. Yoga, a holistic mind–body therapy, has been observed to be a useful adjuvant in managing substance use disorders. Yoga is also known to reduce stress and enhance overall well-being. The aim of this study was to examine whether yoga as an adjuvant treatment to psychotherapy is better than psychotherapy alone in reducing dysfunction and severity due to excessive technology use.

Methods:

A two-arm randomized controlled prospective study design was followed with assessor blinding and allocation concealment. Thirty consenting young adults (22 males), scoring above 36 on the Internet Addiction Test, were randomly allocated to either: Group A = psychotherapy + yoga or Group B = psychotherapy alone. Both groups received 8 sessions of psychotherapy in the 1st month. In addition, Group A received additional 10 sessions a specific yoga program (by trained professionals). After that, monthly booster sessions (supervised yoga sessions performed with direct one-on-one contact with the yoga therapist) were organized and post-assessment was conducted at 12 weeks. Each subject was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results:

As compared to Group B, Group A had significantly reduced Internet use (F = 5.61, P = 0.02, ηp
2 = 0.17), smartphone use (F = 4.76, P = 0.03, ηp
2 = 0.15), psychological distress (F = 7.71, P = 0.01, ηp
2 = 0.22), and weekday use (Z = −2.0, P = 0.05, ηp
2 = 0.15) along with enhanced treatment adherence and retention.

Conclusion:

Yoga as an adjuvant therapy with multimodal psychological intervention for excessive use of technology was found to be effective. This carries clinical implications for mental health professionals.
Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vagally Mediated HRV Associated with High- and Low-frequency Yoga Breathing: An Exploratory, Randomized, Crossover Study
Authors: Aacharya Chetan , Telles Shirley , Sharma Sachin Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Volitionally modifying respiration leads to changes in middle cerebral arterial (MCA) blood flow. The effect of changes in breath rate on MCA blood flow has not been reported.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine the effect of slow (bumblebee yoga breathing) and fast (high frequency yoga breathing) yoga breathing techniques on MCA blood flow and vagally mediated heart rate variability.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 27.3 ± 4.2 years) were assessed on 2 separate days practicing either high frequency yoga breathing (HFYB, breath frequency 54.2/min) or slow frequency bumblebee yoga breathing (BBYB, breath frequency 3.8/min) in random order to determine the effects of changes in breath frequency on MCA hemodynamics. Assessments included transcranial Doppler sonography, vagally mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV), and respiration.

Results:

Both HFYB and BBYB (i) reduced MCA flow velocities, i.e., peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean flow velocities, and (ii) increased MCA pulsatility indices. There was an increase in VmHRV during BBYB based on increased power in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF). LF reflects VmHRV for slow breath frequencies. In BBYB the average breath rate was 3.8 breaths/min. In contrast, VmHRV decreased during HFYB (based on reduced HF power; repeated measures analysis of variance, P < 0.05, all cases).

Conclusion:

Hence, irrespective of the differences in breath frequency, both HFYB and BBYB appear to reduce MCA flow velocities and increase the resistance to blood flow bilaterally, although the VmHRV changed in opposite directions. MCA velocity and pulsatility changes are speculated to be associated with low global neural activity during yoga breathing.
Effect of Yoga among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Patra Bichitra Nanda , Khandelwal Kanika , Sagar Rajesh , Sharma Gautam
Published: May 2024

Background:

Depression has been expected to be the second-leading cause of disability, followed by autism, attention and hyperactivity disorder, and learning disorder. Yoga therapy has found to be beneficial in managing psychiatric disorders.

Aim:

The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on yoga therapy in psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents.

Methods:

Online database was used to identify papers published 2004–2023, from which we selected 11 publications from the United States, Canada, Iran, India, and Australia that used yoga therapy as a primary outcome variable among participants aged 3 years or older.

Results:

The papers reviewed were randomized controlled trials. All studies examined yoga therapy, but one study used mindfulness-based therapy and used few techniques of yoga therapy. The studies examined the effect of yoga therapy on early childhood and adolescence on various psychiatric symptoms such as stress, inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, depression, and many more.

Conclusion:

While the quality of studies is generally high, research on yoga therapy among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders would benefit from careful selection of methods and reference standards, suitability for yoga therapy, and prospective cohort studies linking early childhood exposures with yoga therapy outcomes throughout childhood and adolescence.
Effect of Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Endothelial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patil Satish Gurunathrao , Sobitharaj Edmin Christa , Chandrasekaran Ambalam Mahendrakumar , Patil Shankar S. , Singh Kalpana , Gupta Ruby , Deepak Kishore Kumar , Jaryal Ashok Kumar , Chandran Dinu Santha , Kinra Sanjay , Roy Ambuj , Prabhakaran Dorairaj
Published: May 2024

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe) on the endothelial system, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods:

A sub-study was conducted in two clinical sites of the Yoga-CaRe trial (a multicenter randomized controlled trial). Participants with acute MI were randomized and allocated to either the Yoga-CaRe program (13 sessions with encouragement to home practice) or enhanced standard care (three educational sessions). Endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed using biomarkers such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1, total nitric oxide concentration (NOx), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Oxd-LDL), superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline and 12 weeks. Laboratory and statistical analysis were done by staff blinded to group allocation.

Results:

Eighty-two patients (of the 110 patients recruited) completed the study. The mean age was 53.1 ± 10.6 and 51.9 ± 10.7 years in enhanced standard care and Yoga-CaRe group, respectively. At 12 weeks, Yoga-CaRe significantly reduced ADMA, ET-1, and ICMA-1 than the enhanced standard care group. Although E-selectin and VCAM at 12 weeks were reduced in both groups, enhanced standard care had a significantly higher reduction than the Yoga-CaRe group. Among markers of oxidative stress, TAOC increased in the Yoga-CaRe group. We found no difference in eNOS, NOx, P-selectin, TNFα, CRP, and Oxd-LDL between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Yoga-CaRe improved the endothelial function (through a reduction in ET-1 and modulating adhesion molecules) and enhanced antioxidant capacity.
Bariatric surgery: Nutrition-related challenges and interventions in postoperative care
Authors: Alrshood Ghada Rshood
Published: May 2024

Bariatric surgery stands as a definitive treatment option for obesity, which is considered a chronic ailment. This review article outlines the various types of bariatric procedures and their associated complications, both early and late. It mainly focuses on the nutritional aspects and the significance of pre- and postoperative nutrition care in optimizing surgical and health outcomes, and addressing challenges faced by healthcare providers in managing bariatric patients. The article advocates for comprehensive support, education, and tailored care plans to improve patient outcomes and enhance their overall quality of life in the long term.
Rough similarity of left-invariant Riemannian metrics on some Lie groups
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Pallier Gabriel , Xie Xiangdong
Published: May 2024

We consider Lie groups that are either Heintze groups or Sol-type groups, which generalize the three-dimensional Lie group SOL. We prove that all left-invariant Riemannian metrics on each such a Lie group are roughly similar via the identity map. This allows us to reformulate in a common framework former results by Le Donne–Xie, Eskin–Fisher–Whyte, Carrasco Piaggio, and recent results of Ferragut and Kleiner–Müller–Xie, on quasi-isometries of these solvable groups.
On the spectrum of asymptotic entropies of random walks
Authors: Tamuz Omer , Zheng Tianyi
Published: May 2024

Given a random walk on a free group, we study the random walks it induces on the group’s quotients. We show that the spectrum of asymptotic entropies of the induced random walks has no isolated points, except perhaps its maximum.
Duration of Fever in Patients with Dengue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Boodman Carl , Jouego Christelle Genevieve , Van Den Broucke Steven
Published: May 2024

Dengue is an acute febrile illness endemic to tropical countries and associated with high mortality rates. Despite being a viral infection, there is rampant misuse of antibiotics in patients with dengue because of perceived delay in defervescence and fear of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, there is a need to establish the average fever duration with a confidence interval among patients with dengue. Studies up to October 21, 2022 from two databases (PubMed and Embase) were included using the search terms related to dengue and duration of fever. All retrieved articles were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Studies where the average duration of fever was available were included for systematic review. Articles with at least more than 20 patients where a mean and standard deviation for the total duration of fever was available were included for meta-analysis. A total of 643 articles were included from the two databases after duplicate deletion. After two rounds of screening, 31 articles (n = 7,905) were finally included. The mean duration of fever in the 20 articles included for meta-analysis was 5.1 (95% CI: 4.7–5.5) days. Longer duration of fever was seen in those with a higher grade of fever, those with higher disease severity, and those with concurrent bacterial infections. In the absence of risk factors for concurrent bacteremia, antimicrobials may be unnecessary in those with dengue fever duration of less than 5.5 days.
Salmonella in Chicken and Pork Meat as a Likely Major Contributor to Foodborne Illness in Peru
Authors: Ho-Palma Ana Cecilia , Gonzales-Gustavson Eloy , Quispe Enrique , Crotta Matteo , Nunney Erica , Limon Georgina , Andrade-Mogrovejo Daniel , Pastor Jorge , Yabar Emilio , Solis José , Ordoñez Luis , Gonzalez Armando , Guitian Javier
Published: May 2024

Nontyphoidal Salmonella is one of the major causes of self-limiting diarrheal disease and the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide. It is an important contributor to the burden of foodborne illness in South America, including Peru, where chicken and pork are important vehicles for Salmonella infection. Salmonella infections are underreported, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where concerted action tackling Salmonella along the chicken and pork chains, from primary production to retail, is urgently needed. To support and inform the implementation of new strategies to reduce Salmonella contamination of chicken and pork, this study describes the frequency and distribution of foodborne outbreaks attributed to Salmonella in Peru and evaluates the level of Salmonella in chicken and pork meat sold in markets of three regions of Peru. To that end, we analyzed historical reports of foodborne outbreaks, levels of Salmonella in chicken and pork sold in markets, and the number of mesophiles in the collected meat samples. As a result, the microbiological analysis reveals a widespread contamination of chicken (77.1%) and pork (26.8%) with Salmonella. It also pinpoints Salmonella as the causative agent in nearly half of the outbreaks (47.0%) where the potential origin is identified over a 11-year period with chicken, mayonnaise, and pork being the most likely food vehicles. These results suggest that Salmonella is a major contributor to foodborne illness in Peru and that the monitoring of mesophiles could be a good strategy for surveillance, generating data to support source attribution studies and ultimately evidence-informed policies.
Steel Tubing, Seamless 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130), Aircraft Quality, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: May 2024

This specification covers aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of round, seamless tubing.
Recommended Method for the Testing of Impact Resistant Products on Cables
Authors:   Harness Covering Standards Committee
Published: May 2024

This SAE Standard describes the methods for testing flexible harness coverings for use on ground vehicle electrical distribution systems, specifically protection from severe mechanical impact. This SAE Standard shall apply to all tapes, extruded tubes, and textile sleeves used for this purpose.
Translation and Mistranslation of Proper Names: The Challenge of Proper Names and Common Words in the Translation Process
Authors: Farkas Tamás
Published: May 2024

When translating, there are numerous factors to take into consideration in the process of choosing the equivalents of proper names in the target language. Interpreting translation as a special form of interlingual and intercultural communication, we have to take into account both the language-internal and extralinguistic factors. Proper names raise a lot of questions on account of their special semantic structure, multiple functions and deep sociocultural embeddedness. The paper focuses on the interpretation of a linguistic expression as a proper name and the necessity of translating proper names differently from common words. It approaches its topic from a special and novel perspective: studying the cases of inadequate translation of proper names. The examples are taken from different genres, but mostly contemporary and everyday texts translated from other languages into Hungarian. Using these examples, the paper presents and analyses the differences and connections between the categories of proper names and common words and the types of translation mistakes arising from their misinterpretation. It presents and exemplifies the translation operations to follow in general, and characteristic potential mistake types in particular when proper names based on common words are translated.