bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety of thrombolysis in stroke mimics: an observational cohort study from an urban teaching hospital in Sweden
Authors: Kostulas Nikolaos , Larsson Martin , Kall Tor-Bjorn , von Euler Mia , Nathanson David
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Acute stroke management has changed dramatically over the recent years, where a timely assessment is driven by the expanding treatment options of acute ischaemic stroke. This increases the risk in treating non-stroke patients (stroke mimics) with a possibly hazardous intravenous thrombolysis treatment (IVT).

Setting

Patients of the thrombolysis registry of Södersjukhuset AB, a secondary health centre in Stockholm, were retrospectively studied to determine complications and outcome after IVT in strokes and stroke mimics.

Participants

Consecutively, 674 recruited patients from 1 January 2008 to 1 December 2013 were analysed regarding demographics and outcome at 3 months after onset of symptoms.

Results

Ischaemic stroke was confirmed in 625 patients (93%), and 48 patients (7%) were stroke mimics. Patients with strokes were older than stroke mimics 72 (IQR: 64–81) vs 54 years (IQR 40–67), p<0.0001. Antihypertensive and antithrombotic treatment were more common in patients with stroke (p<0.0001 and p=0.006, respectively). National Institute of Health Stroke Scale did not differ at time of presentation. Excellent outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–1, at 3 months, was less common in stroke than in stroke mimics (50% vs 87.5%, p<0.0001). No stroke mimic had a symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. Age of less than 40 years may be a predictor for a patient to be a stroke mimic (OR: 8.7, 95% CI: 3.2 to 24.0, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Stroke mimics receiving IVT had a more favourable outcome compared with patients with stroke, and showed no haemorrhagic complications. Age below 40 years may be a predictor for stroke mimics.
Dietary intake and sources of sodium and potassium among Australian schoolchildren: results from the cross-sectional Salt and Other Nutrients in Children (SONIC) study
Authors: Grimes Carley A , Riddell Lynn J , Campbell Karen J , Beckford Kelsey , Baxter Janet R , He Feng J , Nowson Caryl A
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To examine sodium and potassium urinary excretion by socioeconomic status (SES), discretionary salt use habits and dietary sources of sodium and potassium in a sample of Australian schoolchildren.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Primary schools located in Victoria, Australia.

Participants

666 of 780 children aged 4–12 years who participated in the Salt and Other Nutrients in Children study returned a complete 24-hour urine collection.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

24-hour urine collection for the measurement of sodium and potassium excretion and 24-hour dietary recall for the assessment of food sources. Parent and child reported use of discretionary salt. SES defined by parental highest level of education.

Results

Participants were 9.3 years (95% CI 9.0 to 9.6) of age and 55% were boys. Mean urinary sodium and potassium excretion was 103 (95% CI 99 to 108) mmol/day (salt equivalent 6.1 g/day) and 47 (95% CI 45 to 49) mmol/day, respectively. Mean molar Na:K ratio was 2.4 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.5). 72% of children exceeded the age-specific upper level for sodium intake. After adjustment for age, sex and day of urine collection, children from a low socioeconomic background excreted 10.0 (95% CI 17.8 to 2.1) mmol/day more sodium than those of high socioeconomic background (p=0.04). The major sources of sodium were bread (14.8%), mixed cereal-based dishes (9.9%) and processed meat (8.5%). The major sources of potassium were dairy milk (11.5%), potatoes (7.1%) and fruit/vegetable juice (5.4%). Core foods provided 55.3% of dietary sodium and 75.5% of potassium while discretionary foods provided 44.7% and 24.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

For most children, sodium intake exceeds dietary recommendations and there is some indication that children of lower socioeconomic background have the highest intakes. Children are consuming about two times more sodium than potassium. To improve sodium and potassium intakes in schoolchildren, product reformulation of lower salt core foods combined with strategies that seek to reduce the consumption of discretionary foods are required.
Comparing safety climate for nurses working in operating theatres, critical care and ward areas in the UK: a mixed methods study
Authors: Tarling Maggie , Jones Anne , Murrells Trevor , McCutcheon Helen
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The main aim of the study was to explore the potential sources of variation and understand the meaning of safety climate for nursing practice in acute hospital settings in the UK.

Design

A sequential mixed methods design included a cross-sectional survey using the Safety Climate Questionnaire (SCQ) and thematic analysis of focus group discussions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the factor structure of the SCQ. Factor scores were compared between nurses working in operating theatres, critical care and ward areas. Results from the survey and the thematic analysis were then compared and synthesised.

Setting

A London University.

Participants

319 registered nurses working in acute hospital settings completed the SCQ and a further 23 nurses participated in focus groups.

Results

CFA indicated that there was a good model fit on some criteria (χ2=1683.699, df=824, p<0.001; χ2/df=2.04; root mean square error of approximation=0.058) but a less acceptable fit on comparative fit index which is 0.804. There was a statistically significant difference between clinical specialisms in management commitment (F (4,266)=4.66, p=0.001). Nurses working in operating theatres had lower scores compared with ward areas and they also reported negative perceptions about management in their focus group. There was significant variation in scores for communication across clinical specialism (F (4,266)=2.62, p=0.035) but none of the pairwise comparisons achieved statistical significance. Thematic analysis identified themes of human factors, clinical management and protecting patients. The system and the human side of caring was identified as a meta-theme.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the SCQ has some utility but requires further exploration. The findings indicate that safety in nursing practice is a complex interaction between safety systems and the social and interpersonal aspects of clinical practice.
NAITRE study on the impact of conditional cash transfer on poor pregnancy outcomes in underprivileged women: protocol for a nationwide pragmatic cluster-randomised superiority clinical trial in France
Authors: Bardou Marc , Crépon Bruno , Bertaux Anne-Claire , Godard-Marceaux Aurélie , Eckman-Lacroix Astrid , Thellier Elise , Falchier Frédérique , Deruelle Philippe , Doret Muriel , Carcopino-Tusoli Xavier , Schmitz Thomas , Barjat Thiphaine , Morin Mathieu , Perrotin Franck , Hatem Ghada , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Fournel Isabelle , Laforet Laurent , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Duflo Esther , Le Ray Isabelle
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Prenatal care is recommended during pregnancy to improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. Women of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are less compliant to recommended prenatal care and suffer a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Several attempts to encourage optimal pregnancy follow-up have shown controversial results, particularly in high-income countries. Few studies have assessed financial incentives to encourage prenatal care, and none reported materno-fetal events as the primary outcome. Our study aims to determine whether financial incentives could improve pregnancy outcomes in women with low SES in a high-income country.

Methods and analysis

This pragmatic cluster-randomised clinical trial includes pregnant women with the following criteria: (1) age above 18 years, (2) first pregnancy visit before 26 weeks of gestation and (3) belonging to a socioeconomically disadvantaged group. The intervention consists in offering financial incentives conditional on attending scheduled pregnancy follow-up consultations. Clusters are 2-month periods with random turnover across centres. A composite outcome of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include maternal or neonatal outcomes assessed separately, qualitative assessment of the perception of the intervention and cost-effectiveness analysis for which children will be followed to the end of their first year through the French health insurance database. The study started in June 2016, and based on an expected decrease in the primary endpoint from 18% to 14% in the intervention group, we plan to include 2000 women in each group.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was first gained on 28 September 2014. An independent data security and monitoring committee has been established. Results of the main trial and each of the secondary analyses will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT02402855; pre-results.
The effect of rolling massage on the excitability of the corticospinal pathway
Authors: Aboodarda Saied J. , Greene Rebecca M. , Philpott Devin T. , Jaswal Ramandeep S. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Behm David G.
Published: October 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of corticospinal excitability (motor evoked potential, MEP) and inhibition (silent period, SP) following rolling massage of the quadriceps muscles. Transcranial magnetic and femoral nerve electrical stimuli were used to elicit MEPs and compound muscle action potential (Mmax) in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles prior to and following either (i) 4 sets of 90-s rolling massage (ROLLING) or (ii) rest (CONTROL). One series of neuromuscular evaluations, performed after each set of ROLLING or CONTROL, included 3 MEPs and 1 Mmax elicited every 4 s during 15-s submaximal contractions at 10% (experiment 1, n = 16) and 50% (experiment 2, n = 10) of maximal voluntary knee extensions (MVC). The MEP/Mmax ratio and electromyographic activity recorded from vastus lateralis at 10% MVC demonstrated significantly lower values during ROLLING than CONTROL (P < 0.05). The ROLLING did not elicit any significant changes in muscle excitability (Mmax area) and duration of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced SP recorded from any muscle or level of contraction (P > 0.05). The findings suggest that rolling massage can modulate the central excitability of the circuitries innervating the knee extensors; however, the observed effects are dependent on the background contraction intensity during which the neuromuscular measurements are recorded.
Applying a knowledge–action framework for navigating barriers to incorporating telemetry science into fisheries management and conservation: a qualitative study
Authors: Nguyen Vivian M. , Young Nathan , Cooke Steven J.
Published: October 2017

Telemetry studies have produced fundamental knowledge on animal biology and ecology that has the potential to improve management of aquatic resources such as fisheries. However, the use and integration of telemetry-derived knowledge into practice remain tenuous, so we surveyed 212 fish telemetry experts to understand existing barriers for incorporating telemetry-derived knowledge into fisheries management practices. We apply a sociological knowledge–action framework to structure the findings, which revealed four primary challenges to integrating telemetry findings into management: (1) the perceived uncertainties and unclear relevance of telemetry findings; (2) the underlying motivations and constrained rationalities of actors that can lead to inaction or suboptimal decisions; (3) the constraints of institutions, governance structures, and lack of organizational support, and (4) time and mismatches in scale, culture, and world views. On a more positive note, the relational dimension (collaboration, trust, and relationship building) appears to be important for overcoming and avoiding barriers. We further provide recommendations to navigate these perceived barriers and argue that these lessons also apply to other fields of applied ecology, conservation, and resource management.
Systemic effects of a high saturated fat diet in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)
Authors: Rivet D.R. , Nelson O.L. , Vella C.A. , Jansen H.T. , Robbins C.T.
Published: October 2017

Food sources for North America’s grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) population have changed as habitats have fragmented, altering available resources and putting bears in contact with unnatural foods. Bears have evolved mechanisms to tolerate obesity, and do not develop adverse health consequences despite storing massive amounts of body fat. Captive adult grizzly bears were used to determine the effects of dietary fat on health. Group 1 was fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) wherein 9.5% of available calories came from saturated fatty acids (SFA). Group 2 was fed a diet wherein 28.8% of calories came from SFA. Plasma fatty acids, serum lipid profiles, insulin, inflammatory markers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac function parameters were measured. Serum lipids, SFA, and insulin did not differ between the two groups, although omega-3 fatty acids differed. Bears eating the SFA diet had significantly higher circulating adiponectin, interleukin-7 and interleukin-15, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mild, asymptomatic systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were detected by strain echocardiography in the SFA group. The SFA diet group exhibited higher diastolic arterial pressures. Even though mild metabolic derangements were observed, grizzly bears were remarkably resistant to metabolic effects of diets high in SFA.
Too much of a good thing? A landscape-of-fear analysis for collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) reveals hikers act as a greater deterrent than thorny or bitter food
Authors: Bleicher Sonny S. , Rosenzweig Michael L.
Published: October 2017

To study how wildlife perceive recreating humans, we studied the habitat selection of a human commensalist, the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758)). We measured peccary activity patterns in an area of high human activity (Tumamoc Hill Desert Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona, USA) using a landscape-of-fear analysis. We examined whether the perception of risk from human activity interacted with the chemical (tannin) and mechanical (thorns) antipredator mechanisms of local plant species. The peccaries avoided food stations near a hiking trail. The population foraged less near houses, i.e., moderate human activity, than in the perceived safety of a small wadi. Plant defence treatments impacted the harvesting of food only in the safe zone, suggesting that risk trumps food selectivity. The strong effect of the hiking trail on habitat selection in this disturbance-loving species is an indicator of a much larger impact on sensitive species in conservation areas.
Black phosphorus quantum dots/attapulgite nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Xiazhang , Li Feihong , Lu Xiaowang , Zuo Shixiang , Zhuang Ziheng , Yao Chao
Published: October 2017

Novel black phosphorus quantum dots/attapulgite (BPQDs/ATP) nanocomposites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal-deposition method. TEM showed that BPQDs dispersed evenly on the surface of ATP with uniform particle size about 5[Formula: see text]nm. UV-Vis revealed that the BPQDs/ATP composite showed wider visible light absorption range as compared with pure ATP. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). Results showed that BPQDs/ATP reached 90% degradation rate under solar light irradiation for 180[Formula: see text]min. The coherent heterostructure formed by BPQDs and ATP was responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance, due to the sensitization effect of BPQDs and the facilitation of charges separation.
Regulation and Dysregulation of Chromosome Structure in Cancer
Authors: Hnisz Denes , Schuijers Jurian , Li Charles H. , Young Richard A.
Published: October 2017

Cancer arises from genetic alterations that produce dysregulated gene expression programs. Normal gene regulation occurs in the context of chromosome loop structures called insulated neighborhoods, and recent studies have shown that these structures are altered and can contribute to oncogene dysregulation in various cancer cells. We review the types of genetic and epigenetic alterations that influence neighborhood structures and contribute to gene dysregulation in cancer, present models for insulated neighborhoods associated with the most prominent human oncogenes, and discuss how such models may lead to further advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: Harnessing the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Induce Degradation of Specific Target Proteins
Authors: Coleman Kevin G. , Crews Craig M.
Published: October 2017

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a central role in regulating protein homeostasis in mammalian cells. It is a multistep process involving the polyubiquitination of proteins prior to their proteolytic degradation by the 26S proteasome complex. Blockade of this process results in the accumulation of proteins that are deleterious to the survival of cancer cells and has led to the approval of the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional molecules designed to recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase to a specific target protein, thereby providing a mechanism to ubiquitinate and degrade specific pathological proteins. A significant body of preclinical data, generated since PROTACs were first introduced 15 years ago, demonstrates that PROTACs provide a robust approach to expose new cell biology and to generate novel therapeutics with the potential to target currently undruggable proteins.
Genomic Hallmarks of Thyroid Neoplasia
Authors: Giordano Thomas J.
Published: October 2017

The genomic landscape of thyroid cancers that are derived from follicular cells has been substantially elucidated through the coordinated application of high-throughput genomic technologies. Here, I review the common genetic alterations across the spectrum of thyroid neoplasia and present the resulting model of thyroid cancer initiation and progression. This model illustrates the striking correlation between tumor differentiation and overall somatic mutational burden, which also likely explains the highly variable clinical behavior and outcome of patients with thyroid cancers. These advances are yielding critical insights into thyroid cancer pathogenesis, which are being leveraged for the development of new diagnostic tools, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and novel therapeutic approaches.
Revealing the Diversity of Introduced Coffea canephora Germplasm in Ecuador: Towards a National Strategy to Improve Robusta
Authors: Loor Solórzano Rey Gastón , De Bellis Fabien , Leroy Thierry , Plaza Luis , Guerrero Hilton , Subia Cristian , Calderón Darío , Fernández Fabián , Garzón Iván , Lopez Diana , Vera Danilo
Published: October 2017

Genetic resources of Coffea canephora have been introduced in several tropical countries with potential for crop development. In Ecuador, the species has been cultivated since the mid-20th century. However, little is known about the diversity and genetic structure of introduced germplasm. This paper provides an overview of the genetic and phenotypic diversity of C. canephora in Ecuador and some proposals for implementing a breeding program. Twelve SSR markers were used to analyze 1491 plants of C. canephora grown in different living collections in Ecuador, compared to 29 genotypes representing the main genetic and geographic diversity groups identified within the species. Results indicated that most of the genotypes introduced are of Congolese origin, with accessions from both main subgroups, SG1 and SG2. Some genotypes were classed as hybrids between both subgroups. Substantial phenotypic diversity was also found, and correlations were observed with genetic diversity. Ecuadorian Robusta coffee displays wide genetic diversity and we propose some ways of improving Robusta in Ecuador. A breeding program could be based on three operations: the choice of elite clones, the introduction of new material from other countries (Ivory Coast, Uganda), and the creation of new hybrid material using genotypes from the different diversity groups.
Probucol Protects Rats from Cardiac Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Xiao Xu , Hou Huiyuan , Lin Victor , Ho Daisy , Tran Kyle , Che Briana , May Adam , Zhang Jiancheng , Lu Zhigang , Lu Zhongping , Shaw Peter X.
Published: October 2017

Objective. To investigate the protective effect of probucol on induced cardiac arrest (CA) rats and possible mechanisms. Methods. Sprague Dawley rats were orally administrated with probucol at different dosage or vehicle for 5 days and subjected to a CA model by electrical stimulation, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid oxidation markers were measured in serum and myocardium. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial functions of animals were analyzed. Expression of erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NFE2L2) and Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in the myocardium were examined with immunohistochemistry. Results. Probucol treatment significantly increased the ROSC rate and survival time of CA‐induced rats. After ROSC, levels of oxidation‐specific markers were decreased, while activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased significantly in probucol treatment groups. The probucol treatment improves hemodynamic parameters and myocardial functions. These parameter changes were in a dose‐dependent manner. In the probucol treatment groups, the expression of KEAP1 was downregulated, while that of NFE2L2 was upregulated significantly. Conclusion. In the CA‐induced rat model, probucol dose dependently improved the ROSC rate, prolonged survival time, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved cardiac function. Such protective effects are possibly through regulations of the KEAP1‐NFE2L2 system.
Multidimensional Taylor Network Optimal Control of MIMO Nonlinear Systems without Models for Tracking by Output Feedback
Authors: Sun Qi-Ming , Yan Hong-Sen
Published: October 2017

The actual controlled objects are generally multi‐input and multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems with imprecise models or even without models, so it is one of the hot topics in the control theory. Due to the complex internal structure, the general control methods without models tend to be based on neural networks. However, the neuron of neural networks includes the exponential function, which contributes to the complexity of calculation, making the neural network control unable to meet the real‐time requirements. The newly developed multidimensional Taylor network (MTN) requires only addition and multiplication, so it is easy to realize real‐time control. In the present study, the MTN approach is extended to MIMO nonlinear systems without models to realize adaptive output feedback control. The MTN controller is proposed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. Our experimental results show that the output signals of the system are bounded and the tracking error goes nearly to zero. The MTN optimal controller is proven to promise far better real‐time dynamic performance and robustness than the BP neural network self‐adaption reconstitution controller.
Study of a Two-Step Centrifugation Protocol for Concentrating Cells and Growth Factors in Bovine Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Gutiérrez Claudia M. , López Catalina , Giraldo Carlos E. , Carmona Jorge U.
Published: October 2017

There is a lack of information about the methods used for bovine platelet-rich plasma (PRP)/platelet-rich gel (PRG) procurement, including information on platelet (PLT), white blood cell (WBC) in PRP, and growth factor release from PRG supernatants. The aims of this study were to compare and to correlate the PLT, WBC, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) concentrations in bovine whole blood, plasma, and four PRP layers and their respective PRG supernatants: A and B (obtained by a single centrifugation tube method at 720g/5 min) and C and D (obtained by a double centrifugation tube method, by using two centrifugation episodes at 720g/5 min). PLT and WBC counts were significantly higher in PRP-C, followed by whole blood, PRP-A, PRP-B, and PRP-D. TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly higher in PRG-B supernatants and its correspondent PRP-B lysate when compared to the other PRG supernatants and plasma. Supernatants from PRG-A, PRG-B, and PRG-D had equivalent TGF-β1 concentrations. PDGF-BB concentrations were not statistically different between the hemoderivatives. Significant Pearson correlations were noted between PLT counts and WBC counts (0.8) and between PLT counts and PLT distribution width (0.6). Further studies should be performed to assess the potential clinical applications of these PRPs.
Subthreshold Psychiatric Psychopathology in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Can It Be the Bridge between Gastroenterology and Psychiatry?
Authors: Stasi Cristina , Nisita Cristiana , Cortopassi Sonia , Corretti Giorgio , Gambaccini Dario , De Bortoli Nicola , Fani Bernardo , Simonetti Natalia , Ricchiuti Angelo , Dell’Osso Liliana , Marchi Santino , Bellini Massimo
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGDs) are multifactorial disorders of the gut-brain interaction. This study investigated the prevalence of Axis I and spectrum disorders in patients with FGD and established the link between FGDs and psychopathological dimensions.Methods. A total of 135 consecutive patients with FGD were enrolled. The symptoms’ severity was evaluated using questionnaires, while the psychiatric evaluation by clinical interviews established the presence/absence of mental (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—4th edition, Axis I Diagnosis) or spectrum disorders.Results. Of the 135 patients, 42 (32.3%) had functional dyspepsia, 52 (40.0%) had irritable bowel syndrome, 21 (16.2%) had functional bloating, and 20 (15.4%) had functional constipation. At least one psychiatric disorder was present in 46.9% of the patients, while a suprathreshold panic spectrum was present in 26.2%. Functional constipation was associated with depressive disorders (p<0.05), while functional dyspepsia was related to the current major depressive episode (p<0.05). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum was correlated with the presence of functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.05).Conclusion. The high prevalence of subthreshold psychiatric symptomatology in patients with FGD, which is likely to influence the expression of gastrointestinal symptoms, suggested the usefulness of psychological evaluation in patients with FGDs.
Interaction between Rural People’s Basic Needs and Forest Products: A Case Study of the Katha District of Myanmar
Authors: Hlaing Zar Chi , Kamiyama Chiho , Saito Osamu
Published: October 2017

The understanding of interaction between rural people and forest products is one of the challenges faced while balancing forest product utilization with forest conservation in Myanmar. This study aims to contribute an effort to such challenges by analyzing the interaction of rural households with forest products in Myanmar. Data were collected using face-to-face questionnaire interviews with 218 households and conducting a rapid tree inventory across 132 circular random plots in selected rural communities around four townships of the Katha District. The empirical results indicate that the 95% of rural households were entirely dependent on forest products. The survey documented 13 main forest products and 54 tree species, which were primarily used for household consumption. Low-income households compared with medium- and high-income households with low educational level (p<0.05) and a small agricultural land area (p<0.05) were found to be more forest-dependent households. Illegal logging, mining, fuel-wood collection, slash-and-burn agriculture, and the establishment of forest plantations were reported as the main causes of forest products depletion. Findings from this study, although at a microlevel, can be used by the Myanmar Forestry Department as baseline information to improve community-based forest management activities.
miR-217 Is a Useful Diagnostic Biomarker and Regulates Human Podocyte Cells Apoptosis via Targeting TNFSF11 in Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Bin , Xue Hen , Zhou Qiao Qiao , Peng Ling
Published: October 2017

Background. MicroRNAs have recently been verified as useful diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether miR-217 is a useful diagnostic biomarker and the possible pathological mechanism of miR-217 in this disease. Methods. Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and diabetic nephropathy (DN) and control patients were enrolled in this study. The miR-217 inhibitor and mimics were transfected into human podocyte cells to investigate the pathological mechanism of miR-217 in this disease. Relevant indicators were detected and tested. Results. Compared with control patients, miR-217 was significantly downregulated and TNFSF11 was significantly upregulated in MN. Then, miR-217 had obvious separation between patients with MN and control patients, with an AUC of 0.941, a cutoff value of <750.0 copies/ul, and sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 75.9%. In addition, the TNFSF11 was confirmed to be the target gene of miR-217. Finally, in in vitro experiments, the upregulation of miR-217 could decrease the expression of TNFSF11 and not induce human podocyte cells apoptosis; however, the downregulation of miR-217 could bring about an opposite change. Conclusions. miR-217 is a useful diagnostic biomarker and is involved in human podocyte cells apoptosis via targeting TNFSF11 in membranous nephropathy.
On the Equivalence between Static and Dynamic Railway Track Response and on the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko Beams Analogy
Authors: Czyczula Wlodzimierz , Koziol Piotr , Blaszkiewicz Dorota
Published: October 2017

The paper tries to clarify the problem of solution and interpretation of railway track dynamics equations for linear models. Set of theorems is introduced in the paper describing two types of equivalence: between static and dynamic track response under moving load and between the dynamic response of track described by both the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams. The equivalence is clarified in terms of mathematical method of solution. It is shown that inertia element of rail equation for the Euler-Bernoulli beam and constant distributed load can be considered as a substitute axial force multiplied by second derivative of displacement. Damping properties can be treated as additional substitute load in the static case taking into account this substitute axial force. When one considers the Timoshenko beam, the substitute axial force depends additionally on shear properties of rail section, rail bending stiffness, and subgrade stiffness. It is also proved that Timoshenko beam, described by a single equation, from the point of view of solution, is an analogy of the Euler-Bernoulli beam for both constant and variable load. Certain numerical examples are presented and practical interpretation of proved theorems is shown.
Neuroprotective Effect of Modified Xijiao Dihuang Decoction against Oxygen‐Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation‐Induced Injury in PC12 Cells: Involvement of TLR4‐MyD88/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fei Xiaojun , Tao Weiwei , Li Jingbo , Shen Hao , Wang Xuanye , Liu Hongquan , Xu Yun
Published: October 2017

Modified Xijiao Dihuang (XJDH) decoction has been shown to exert powerful neuroprotective properties in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. It consists of 4 Chinese herbs: Buffalo Horn, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect and specific mechanisms of XJDH in protecting PC12 cells from oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced injury were investigated. It was found that OGD/R significantly decreased the cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increased the release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in PC12 cells, and these effects were suppressed by XJDH and one of its major active constituents, paeoniflorin. Additionally, XJDH inhibited caspase‐3 activity and reduced cleaved caspase‐3 level. Mechanistic studies showed that the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and NF‐κB p65 and phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 were significantly lower in the XJDH‐treated group than in the OGD/R control group. Additionally, XJDH reversed the OGD/R‐induced increases in p‐JNK and p‐ERK1/2 expression. These results suggest that XJDH protects PC12 cells from oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced injury, which may be associated with the inhibition of the TLR4‐MyD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway. As an anti‐inflammation factor, XJDH might be used as a neuronal protection strategy for the ischemia injury and related diseases.
Study of Na-Montmorillonite–Polyamide Fiber/Polypropylene Hybrid Composite Prepared by Reactive Melt Mixing
Authors: Kerakra Samia , Bouhelal Said , Ponçot Marc
Published: October 2017

Hybrid composites of polypropylene (PP)/sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT)/short polyamide fibers (PAfs) were prepared by reactive melt mixing in a Brabender plastograph. To enhance filler interactions within polypropylene, a functionalizing agent (FA) and a coupling agent were added to the Na-MMT and PAfs, respectively. An organic peroxide/sulfur mixture and tetramethylthiuram disulfide as an activator for sulfur were used to functionalize Na-MMT; on the other hand, the PAfs surface was treated using stearic acid. The aim of this study is to investigate how the morphology and the structural properties of 3, 5, and 7 wt% recycled functionalized sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites (f-Na-MMT) are affected by the presence of 5 wt% treated short polyamide fibers (t-PAfs). According to the obtained results, 5 wt% recycled f-Na-MMT/5 wt% t-PAfs/PP hybrid composite showed Na-MMT layers exfoliation. The nucleating effect of f-Na-MMT and t-PAfs was indicated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Morphological analysis of the hybrid composites was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical polarized microscopy (POM), showing a good dispersion of the fibers with an interesting interfacial adhesion between the PP and t-PAfs phases. Hybrid composites of PP/f-Na-MMT/t-PAfs are considered for automotive industry.
miRNAs: Important Targets for Oral Cancer Pain Research
Authors: Pereira Cláudia Maria , Sehnem Dayany , da Fonseca Estevão Oliveira , Barboza Heráclito Fernando Gurgel , Carvalho Antônio Carlos Pires de , DaSilva Alexandre F. M. , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , DosSantos Marcos F.
Published: October 2017

Pain is a symptom shared by an incredible number of diseases. It is also one of the primary conditions that prompt individuals to seek medical treatment. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) corresponds to a heterogeneous disease that may arise from many distinct structures of a large, highly complex, and intricate region. HNSCC affects a great number of patients worldwide and is directly associated with chronic pain, which is especially prominent during the advanced stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an anatomical and clinical subtype that corresponds to the great majority oral cancers. Although the cellular and molecular bases of oral cancer pain have not been fully established yet, the results of recent studies suggest that different epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to this process. For instance, there is strong scientific evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, might act by regulating the mechanisms underlying cancer-related pain. Among the miRNAs that could possibly interfere in pain-signaling pathways, miR-125b, miR-181, and miR-339 emerge as some of the most promising candidates. In fact, such molecules apparently contribute to inflammatory pain. Moreover, these molecules possibly influence the activity of endogenous pain control systems (e.g., opioidergic and serotonergic systems), which could ultimately result in peripheral and central sensitization, central nervous system (CNS) phenomena innately associated with chronic pain. This review paper focuses on the current scientific knowledge regarding the involvement of miRNAs in cancer pain, with special attention dedicated to OSCC-related pain.
Coexistence of Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Graves’ Disease, a Rare Combination of Endocrine Disorders: Is It beyond a Coincidence—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gunatilake S. S. C. , Bulugahapitiya U.
Published: October 2017

Background. Primary hyperaldosteronism is a known cause for secondary hypertension. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, aldosterone exhibits proinflammatory actions and plays a role in immunomodulation/development of autoimmunity. Recent researches also suggest significant thyroid dysfunction among patients with hyperaldosteronism, but exact causal relationship is not established. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) and primary hyperaldosteronism rarely coexist but underlying mechanisms associating the two are still unclear.Case Presentation. A 32-year-old Sri Lankan female was evaluated for new onset hypertension in association with hypokalemia. She also had features of hyperthyroidism together with high TSH receptor antibodies suggestive of Graves’ disease. On evaluation of persistent hypokalemia and hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism due to right-sided adrenal adenoma was diagnosed. She was rendered euthyroid with antithyroid drugs followed by right-sided adrenalectomy. Antithyroid drugs were continued up to 12 months, after which the patient entered remission of Graves’ disease.Conclusion. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and primary hyperaldosteronism rarely coexist and this case report adds to the limited number of cases documented in the literature. Underlying mechanism associating the two is still unclear but possibilities of autoimmune mechanisms and autoantibodies warrant further evaluation and research.
Harnessing Social Capital for Resilience to Livelihood Shocks: Ethnographic Evidence of Indigenous Mutual Support Practices among Rural Households in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Endris Getachew Shambel , Kibwika Paul , Hassan Jemal Yousuf , Obaa Bernard B.
Published: October 2017

In the absence of adequate support from formal social safety nets, rural households in Ethiopia have developed collective risk-sharing strategies to buffer them against adverse livelihood shocks, thus building their resilience capacities. Social capital and network based indigenous mutual support arrangements are the most important strategies that are institutionalized and widely practiced among rural households for centuries in Ethiopia to support households to cope with shocks. Nonetheless, resilience research and rural poverty alleviation policies have yet to fully recognize and embrace social capital as a tool to tackle poverty and vulnerability. Robust policy and academic studies on the role of indigenous welfare system with implications for social development policy making in Ethiopia are lacking. Using ethnographic techniques and simple descriptive statistics, we studied indigenous mutual support systems and how they shape the resilience trajectories of rural households against livelihood shocks within two selected PAs of Babille district of Oromia region. We found that mutual support practices are very effective in building coping resilience of households by smoothing consumption shocks. However, the traditional coping mechanisms often fail when the shock is systemic or covariate, when shocks last longer, and when a household has low level of human or finical capital.
On Algebraic Basis of the Algebra of Symmetric Polynomials on lp(Cn)
Authors: Kravtsiv Victoriia , Vasylyshyn Taras , Zagorodnyuk Andriy
Published: October 2017

We consider polynomials on spaces lpCn,1≤p<+∞, of p-summing sequences of n-dimensional complex vectors, which are symmetric with respect to permutations of elements of the sequences, and describe algebraic bases of algebras of continuous symmetric polynomials on lpCn.
HINT1 in Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Potential Neuroplastic Mediator
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Zhongwei , Wang Jiabei , Ma Xiancang , Dang Yonghui
Published: October 2017

Although many studies have investigated the functions of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), its roles in neurobiological processes remain to be fully elucidated. As a member of the histidine triad (HIT) enzyme superfamily, HINT1 is distributed in almost every organ and has both enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity. Accumulating clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that HINT1 may play an important role as a neuroplastic mediator in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, inherited peripheral neuropathies, mood disorders, and drug addiction. Though our knowledge of HINT1 is limited, it is believed that further research on the neuropathological functions of HINT1 would eventually benefit patients with neuropsychiatric and even psychosomatic diseases.
Mortality and Its Predictors among HIV Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Biset Ayalew Mohammed
Published: October 2017

Background. Even though the benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well established, there is a regional variation in the extent of its benefit. The aim of this review is to highlight mortality and its predictors in Ethiopian adult HIV patients who were on ART. Methods. Relevant articles were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search terms used in different combinations were predictor/determinant/factors, mortality/death/survival, HIV, ART/HAART, and Ethiopia. Result. 5–40.8% of the patients died during the follow-up period. More than half (50–68.8%) of the deaths occurred within 6 months of initiating ART. Advanced stage disease (stage III and stage IV), nonworking functional status (bedridden and ambulatory), low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence were commonly identified as predictors of death in HIV patients. Conclusion. 5–40.8% of HIV patients in Ethiopia die in 2–5 years of initiating antiretroviral treatment. Most of the deaths in HIV patients occur early in the course of treatment. Special emphasis should be given for patients with advanced stage disease, nonworking functional status, low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence.
Survey of Screw-Retained versus Cement-Retained Implant Restorations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Makke Alaa , Homsi Abdulwahed , Guzaiz Montaha , Almalki Abdulrahman
Published: October 2017

Introduction. Implant-supported prostheses are currently the standard treatment for the replacement of missing teeth and deficiencies. Implant restorations can either be screw-retained, cement-retained, or both. The implant retention system type is typically chosen during the treatment plan. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of implant restoration retention systems. Materials and Methods. A five-page questionnaire was sent to private institutes, educational institutes, and governmental hospitals that provide dental services. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. Prior to distribution, the surveys were proofread and pilot-tested at the Faculty of Dentistry at Umm Al-Qura University. The surveys were mailed to three groups: private institutes, educational institutes, and governmental hospitals. In total, 120 surveys were distributed and 87 surveys were returned, for a response rate of 73%. This included thirty-six surveys (41.4%) from private institutes, twenty-two surveys (25.3%) from educational institutes, and twenty-nine surveys (33.3%) from governmental hospitals. Conclusions. In general, Astra was cited as the most widely used implant system. In addition, cement-retained restorations were more frequently used than screw-retained restorations. However, dental implant failure was more frequently associated with cement-retained restorations than with screw-retained restorations.
Source Parameter Estimation Method for Assessment of Structural Resiliencies
Authors: Wang Zijun , Zhao Boming
Published: October 2017

Assessing structural integrity and sustainability during natural hazards, for instance, strong earthquakes, is an effective way to reduce or even avoid large losses of life and property damage. With the established vulnerability relationships between source parameter and building damage, the seismic resilience of structures can be obtained after the source parameter is estimated in the early stage of an earthquake. For this purpose, we propose a method that employs the P wave displacement parameter to estimate earthquake magnitude in real time to quick assess the structural resiliencies. By selecting period and amplitude parameter as comparisons, the magnitude estimation formulas are derived, respectively, where the proposed P wave displacement parameter method is of the highest precision. Through the evolutionary estimation of the P wave displacement parameter as a function of the time window used, we show that the existing regression relationships can be extended to the large earthquake. Therefore, this paper provides a quick earthquake magnitude estimation method for the establishment of a more reasonable and accurate resilience assessment system for structures.
Agropastoral Mobility and Rangelands Multiple Uses in the Miombo Frontier Ecozone of Tabora Region, Western Tanzania
Authors: Masanja George Felix
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to examine the argument of environmental resource-use conflict as the primary cause of crop farmers and agropastoralists conflicts in Tabora Region, Tanzania. It explored the multiple interdependent phenomena that affect livelihoods relationships between crop farmers and agropastoralists and the nature of their continuing conflicts over the ecozonal resources. A primary dataset of the two groups’ conflicts was used. An ex post facto and multistage sampling design was adopted. A total of 252 respondents were interviewed in three separate villages drawn from agroecological zones fringing the miombo woodland where such tensions are high. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results indicate that education (β = −1.215, .297; p=.050), household size (β=.958, 2.607; p=.017), herd size (β = 4.276, 7.197; p=0.001), farm size (β = -1.734, .048; p=.176), the police (β = -.912, 4.582; p=.043), and village leaders (β = -.122, .885; p=.012) were the most potent predictors of causes of conflicts. The study found no support for demographic variables, like age, sex, marital status, income, duration of residence, and distance to resource base. The study recommends population growth control and strengthening of local institutions and recommends local communities to sustain management of natural resources base in the area.
Effect of Filler Shape on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Functional Composites
Authors: Liu Changqing , Chen Mao , Zhou Dongyi , Wu Dezhi , Yu Wei
Published: October 2017

With the rapid development of electronic industry, heat dissipation issue becomes more and more important. Thermal functional composites (TFCs) are usually binary composites, filled with thermal conductive additives (nanomaterials) in matrix, and the composites show good thermal performance. The theoretical and experimental results show that the filler shape is one of the most important but easily overlooked factors. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the effect of the filler shape on the thermal conductivity of TFCs, and the heat transfer enhancement based on synergistic effect is also summed up. Finally, the future trends of further improving thermal properties of TFCs are predicted.