bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Typology of Men's Conceptualizations of Ideal Masculinity in Advertising
Authors: Zayer Linda Tuncay
Published: April 2010

This study explores men's conceptualizations of ideal masculinity in advertising. Specifically, this research uses a qualitative approach to examine a segment of men who fall into the Generation X cohort. These men, many of whom are Caucasian and single, are largely educated, from the Midwest, and outwardly heterosexual. Exploratory findings reveal the salience of eight themes of ideal masculinity. These include the Adventurer, the Athlete, the Attractive Man, the Daredevil, the Family Man, the Goal-Driven Man, the Individual, and the Strong Man. Three themes exemplifying the antithesis of ideal masculinity—the Player, the Partier, and the Slob—also emerged. This research enhances our knowledge of men's perceptions of ideal masculinity in advertising and provides new insights relative to past research. Findings identify messages that resonate with consumers' lives, as well as illuminate potential social implications.
Assimilating the Queers: Representations of Lesbians, Gay Men, Bisexual, and Transgender People in Mainstream Advertising
Authors: Tsai Wan-Hsiu Sunny
Published: April 2010

This paper investigates how lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are represented in mainstream advertising in the United States. This article addresses which subgroups are most commonly featured and textually analyzes the common plots, iconography, and appeals used to represent LGBT characters in advertising. The objective is to explore how the identity categories of sexuality, gender, race, and class are enacted in advertising and what sociocultural and marketing ideologies shape these representations.
Future Sex: Cyborg Bodies and the Politics of Meaning
Authors: Campbell Norah
Published: April 2010

This article investigates the visual representations of futuristic, technologized bodies in advertisements. Why is an investigation of body images that do not exist of fundamental importance? While posthuman bodies may not have a corresponding reality in the world, these images present the future, complicating the meaning of the often under-examined concepts of (i) technology and (ii) humanness itself. This article spans areas as diverse as psychoanalysis, philosophy, fin de siècle literature, comic book strips, and art history. Technology emerges not as a mere tool that humans use, but a repository for human fears, fantasies, and desires; a distinct and powerful aesthetic that has evolved over time; and an ontology—a way of being in the world.
The Emerging Hybrid Images of Women in China: The Portrayal of the New Woman in Chinese Local and International Magazine Advertising
Authors: Karan Kavita , Feng Yang
Published: April 2010

Women's magazines from Europe, the U.S., and Japan are now appearing in the Chinese market in unprecedented numbers. Information about the West, its lifestyles, and its cultural values are transmitted from these publications into local Chinese editions. The degree to which these magazines affect the "identity" of Chinese women has been a topic of much debate. Globalization has indeed focused attention on the flow of Western culture through media and markets into Asia, leading to changes in women's lifestyles, fashion, and occupational roles. It is common to find advertising for western attire, fashion accessories, fairness creams, and hair care products, along with stories of personal relationships, education, and self-development in magazines. These changes, in turn, have affected the way Chinese women are portrayed in the media. This study uses a content analysis of advertisements in Western, Japanese, and Chinese magazines for women to explore that portrayal. The findings suggest the establishment of a "hybrid" identity for Chinese women, a consequence of the mixing of modern and traditional models and Western/Asian elements.
After the Flood
Authors: Roderick Anne Marie
Published: April 2010

I flew to post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans on July 1, 2006, one week after my eighteenth birthday, where, except for a few weeks of visits home, I would live for the next eight months. I thought I was going to build the revolution. I didn't know that the biggest change would be in me. My journey had begun six months earlier at the 2006 World Social Forum in Caracas, Venezuela, where I attended a workshop about bottom-up organizing in post-Katrina New Orleans led by Curtis Muhammad, a prominent civil rights organizer who worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the sixties. Curtis had been living in New Orleans for many years and, with others, had founded the People's Hurricane Relief Fund (PHRF), an organization designed to empower those New Orleans residents who had suffered the most from the effects of the storm but who had very little political clout of their own.
Anti-Zionist Demography
Authors: Nirenberg David
Published: April 2010

Everyone has heard of Attila and his Huns, who fought their way on pony back from the northern borders of China to the lands today called France, where they were defeated in 453 CE. Theirs was only the first of a series of migrations from central Asia that repeatedly reshaped the Christian and Islamic world over the next thousand years, and the conquests of their successors, though less famous, were more enduring. Akatzirs and Avars; Bulgars, Khazars, and Kök Türks; Ogurs, Onogurs (with their allies the Hungarians), Quturgurs, and Uturgurs; Polovtsy, Pechenegs, Qumans, and Sabirs; and of course, the Mongols: these and many other of the diverse peoples whomscholars today assign to the semi-geographic, semi-ethnic, and semi-linguistic category of Altaic or Turkic, all left Central Asia for destinations that eventually encompassed vast expanses of Europe, Asia, Asia Minor, and even Africa (the Mamluks of Egypt).
Faithful to My Father's Dream
Authors: Bevel Enoch
Published: April 2010

It has been more than a year since I sat with my older brother at my father's side, watching him slowly succumb to pancreatic cancer. At the age of seventy-two, James Bevel had seen and experienced more than most men. As I looked at him, I thought about the father he was to me, the civil rights leader he was to many, and the flawed and troubled man whose fate seemed to coincide with one of the subjects in the great Greek tragedies he enjoyed so much. My father was from the same generation as the grandparents of many of my peers. It is a struggle for people of my generation to understand how far African Americans have come since the days of slavery, sharecropping, Jim Crow, and the black freedom movement. In the era of Twitter, Facebook, iPhones and other daily distractions, few take time to reflect on the struggles that shaped our present and future.
Why American Unions Need Intellectuals
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: April 2010

Sixty years ago, in The New Men of Power, C. Wright Mills made a perceptive observation about the troubled relationship between labor leaders and radical intellectuals during an era of Cold War militarism and conservative advance. Wrote Mills: To have an American labor movement capable of carrying out the program of the left, making allies among the middle class, and moving upstream against the main drift, there must be a rank and file of vigorous workers, a brace of labor intellectuals, and a set of politically alert labor leaders. There must be the power and the intellect.
Growing a Soul
Authors: Williams Tamara
Published: April 2010

Growing up in the Bronx, I realized early on that this wasn't a place for me. In the Bronx you witness many things you shouldn't have to see. You have to be street smart and quick on your feet so you know how to react to any and all situations; these are traits you have to pick up just to survive, and to this day, I still don't think I have learned them all. My neighborhood is very rowdy. There are fights every day and police on every corner. I love it for how upbeat it is, and how there's always something going on, but I hate it for that same reason. I'm scared to go out at night. When I entered my teens, many of the boys I grew up with joined gangs and started to be in the street. Soon the people I used to called my friends were people I was scared of. If the gangs aren't enough to keep me inside at night, the disputes are.
Shattered Dreams
Authors: Rubin Jeffrey W.
Published: April 2010

In 1978, just after I graduated from college, I worked at a migrant health clinic in California's San Joaquin Valley and saw what 1960s activism had achieved. Farm workers received health services at government-funded rural health clinics, regardless of citizenship status or ability to pay, and the landmark Agricultural Labor Relations Act, achieved through a decade of struggle on the part of the United Farm Workers movement (UFW), promised access to union representation for those who harvested the country's fruits and vegetables. I lived down the road from the UFW headquarters, a mountain retreat center known as La Paz, and the director of the union's new school for organizers hired me to teach English there.
Lost and Found
Authors: Cheever Sarah
Published: April 2010

Michelle Rhee, the school chancellor of the District of Columbia Public School System (DCPS), is standing behind me in the ladies room of the U. S. District Court in Washington, D.C. I start to sweat. I feel as if I'm standing next to Elvis, an impeccably dressed, petite, Blackberry-carrying Elvis. Hailed as the educator who will save Washington's schools, singled out for praise by Barack Obama, Rhee is a celebrity. Our restroom proximity is due to the hearing we are both attending that day, where DCPS will outline its progress in compliance with a class action consent decree. Rhee sits at the large oak counsel table before the judge, while I and the other special education attorneys, attorneys who represent parents who sue DCPS for failing to provide their children with needed special education and related services, sit in the gallery.
Hate Crime/Thought Crime
Authors: Larner Jesse
Published: April 2010

Let's not make this easy. Early in the morning of March 3, 1992, after a long discussion of their racial resentments, John Ayers and Sean Riley set out from their suburban neighborhood of Silver Spring, Maryland, looking for black people to attack. They came upon two black women walking along Georgia Avenue; realizing they were being followed, the women began to run, and split up. Riley chased Myrtle Guillory, and Ayers chased Johnnie Mae McCrae. Guillory testified at trial that Riley yelled repeatedly, "I'm going to kill you, you black bitch." Guillory escaped when she ran to the home of a friend, who protected her. McCrae found no refuge. Ayers dragged her to a nearby woods, where he savagely beat her and told her that he was going to kill her.
A New Popular Front
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: April 2010

What has happened to Craig Becker illustrates why progressives are disappointed by the first year of the Obama administration—and why they should not stop supporting it. A year ago, Obama nominated Becker, a distinguished lawyer who has worked for the SEIU and other unions, to a seat on the National Labor Relations Board, Normally, the Senate confirms nominees to the NLRB without much fuss. The party that holds the White House gets a three-to-two majority on the board.
Endless Retribution
Authors: Phillips Maxine
Published: April 2010

Richard Nixon showed that there really are second (and third) acts in American life, but Congress didn't get the memo, and so Jean Montrevil may be denied his own American Dream. A Haitian citizen who came to the United States legally at age seventeen, Montrevil had a green card when he was arrested on drug charges in 1988 at age nineteen. He served eleven years of a thirty-three-year sentence and was released early for good behavior. But a law passed after he went to prison requires that non-citizens convicted of felonies be returned to their country of origin after completing their sentence. "Prison saved my life," says Montrevil, who believes he would have died in the drug trade had he not gone to jail.
From Dissent to Divinity School
Authors: Ellingson Neil
Published: April 2010

How does a young acolyte of the secular left find his way to divinity school? There are times when, walking to my "Introduction to the New Testament" class in the cold Chicago morning, I ask myself that question. Part of what makes it difficult to answer is that the path leading me to the University of Chicago Divinity School began in an experience I don't find easy to communicate. Talking about how I got here is awkward for someone of my thoroughly secular upbringing and education. The term that best captures what I experienced is, however, a religious one: conversion. Mine was a peculiar form of conversion; I didn't convert to any religion in particular. My sacred text was not the Bible or the Upanishads—it was William James's The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Guilt They Carry: Wounds of Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Sherman Nancy
Published: April 2010

The announcement by Barack Obama of the surge in U.S. troop deployment to Afghanistan—from a two thousand-strong force in 2001 to one hundred thousand troops sometime this year—came bundled with a provision for a quick drawdown starting in July 2011. The commander-in-chief's timetable, coming eight years after the U.S. campaign to crush al Qaeda and topple the Taliban, was a gesture toward closure and a signal of the gradual transfer of responsibility to the Afghans. But for most of the troops returning home, there will be neither emotional closure nor relief from the burden of personal responsibility that soldiers carry in war.
No-Win Policy for Afghanistan
Authors: Cohen Michael A.
Published: April 2010

The United States has been fighting the war in Afghanistan for more than eight years. That’s longer than U.S. participation in the Second World War, the Iraq War, and the Vietnam War. By the end of 2010, it will have surpassed the length of the Soviet war in Afghanistan. It has taken the lives of just under one thousand Americans, more than nine thousand others have been wounded, and it has cost more than $250 billion. Most important, the original goal of the mission has been achieved; al Qaeda’s safe haven in Afghanistan has been destroyed and its Taliban allies pushed from power.
Global Feminism in a Conservative Age: Possibilities and Pieties Since 1980
Authors: Stansell Christine
Published: April 2010

In 1980, Ronald Reagan's election brought the New Right to Washington. For feminists, it was the culmination of a series of devastating setbacks. The new administration gave the green light to an anti-feminist agenda that the Moral Majority, the Hyde Amendment and Phyllis Schlafly's Stop-ERA had already advanced. In the drastically altered climate, with the rightward turn affecting states and municipalities as well, feminist legislative and policy initiatives collapsed. Who truly spoke for the masses of women? Anti-feminists now insisted that they did. Faced with blockage at home, one response of American feminists was to reorient their political ambitions to women's movements abroad. A flourishing international women's movement looked to be a hospitable venue for American energies and ideas.
Lessons from the Bronx
Authors: Garon Ilana
Published: April 2010

Edward wasn't doing his work. I had given the twelfth graders in my summer school class the following writing assignment: "Have you ever done something that you regretted or that made you feel guilty?" We were reading John Knowles's A Separate Peace, and I kept thinking that if ever there were a book more disconnected from my inner-city students' lives than this tale of overprivileged youngsters at a private prep school, I had yet to see it. Looking at Edward, a young, black seventeen-year-old who would remove his contraband doo-rag whenever his unfailingly accurate sixth sense told him that the deans were approaching the classroom (and put it back on as soon as they left), I knew I was in trouble. His paper was blank, his pen lay on his desk untouched. Instead of writing, he was making exaggerated yawning and stretching noises.
About-face: A Conservative Rethinks Education Policy
Authors: Barkan Joanne
Published: April 2010

It's fall 2007. Diane Ravitch is packing a career's worth of reading and writing on public schooling in America into boxes: the time had come to repaint her Brooklyn home office, to reconsider the previous fifteen years she'd spent championing market-based reforms in education, and to sink into a full-blown intellectual crisis. I was aware that I had undergone a wrenching transformation in my perspective on school reform. Where once I had been hopeful, even enthusiastic, about the potential benefits of testing, accountability, choice, and markets, I now found myself experiencing profound skepticism about these same ideas….I was trying to see my way through the blinding assumptions of ideology and politics, including my own.
Giving Up the Burma Fantasy
Authors: Englehart Neil A.
Published: April 2010

The U.S. announcement that it would reopen direct contacts with Burma/Myanmar's military government promises a welcome change from a failed policy of twenty years of isolation and sanctions. Burma/Myanmar has a singularly Manichean politics, as indicated by its dual name: the government and opposition cannot even agree about what to call the place. Foreign activists and governments have been drawn willingly into this conflict, imagining themselves champions of a democratic opposition against a military junta. Both the Clinton and Bush administrations imposed successively tighter sanctions on the country, in the hope of punishing its military rulers and stimulating democratic reform.
Death by Gender
Authors: Epstein Cynthia Fuchs
Published: April 2010

Finally, the atrocity of gendercide—the murder and mutilation of victims selected by sex—is getting prominent attention in the press. Through feminist online activism, but more prominently through the efforts of New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristoff (in his new book Half the Sky, written with his wife, Sheryl WuDunn, and in his New York Times column), a socially embedded and systematic assault on women and girls in much of the world has been brought to public consciousness. The crimes at issue range from the killing of girls and women—often by their fathers, brothers, or male cousins, acting for the "honor" of the family—to the trafficking of women as sex slaves and to their forced recruitment as suicide bombers. will focus in this article on honor killing because the act is so vile, Further, the concept is difficult to dislodge.
Coming to Washington
Authors: Porter Ethan
Published: April 2010

To sit in your dorm room and believe you can change the world may be a certain kind of American collegiate tradition, akin to tailgating at Homecoming, taking Bob Marley seriously, and holding your roommate's head over the toilet bowl after his first frat party. Yet as I paced around my Bard College dorm room on a freezing February night in 2007, on a conference call with other students across the country hoping to organize ourselves for Barack Obama's nascent presidential campaign, I was convinced of only thing: we were not going to change the world. Obama might be a generational spokesman, he might invoke the memory of John Kennedy, but he was facing the most powerful family in Democratic politics, as an inexperienced liberal senator from a major city. And he was black. Why should young people get behind such a futile cause? Why should anyone?
Keynes Lost and Found
Authors: Block Fred
Published: April 2010

A fierce debate raged on both sides of the Atlantic in December 2008 and January 2009 as to whether it was appropriate for governments to respond to the massive, global economic downturn by engaging in deficit-financed stimulus spending. The debate in large part reprised arguments made in the mid-1930s as governments struggled with the Great Depression. John Maynard Keynes argued strongly then for aggressive government spending to put people back to work. His General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, published in 1936, directly attacked the economic orthodoxy of his day that insisted that the proper way to bring about recovery was for governments to balance their budgets and wait for a revival of private investment.
Introduction
Authors: Mills Nicolaus
Published: April 2010

There is a small fortune to be made writing about the young. Neil Howe and the late William Strauss showed that in 1991 with their bestselling Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069, and since then, Howe and Strauss have had a host of imitators. Our national fascination with the young makes sense. It is more than a product of America's historic fascination with youth culture. Parents want to know more about their children. Teachers want to know more about their students. Movie and television producers want to know more about their audiences. It helps to be able to distinguish between the interests of Baby Boomers (1946-1964), Generation Xers (1965-1981), and Millennials (1982-2003), and giving a label to each of these cohorts makes talking about them easier.
Ending the Myth of 'Market Fundamentalism'
Authors: Baker Dean
Published: April 2010

Progressives have wailed against "market fundamentalism for the last quarter-century. They complain that conservatives want to eliminate the government and leave everything to the market. This is nonsense. The Right has every bit as much interest in government involvement in the economy as progressives. The difference is that conservatives want the government to intervene in ways that redistribute income upward. The other difference is that the Right is smart enough to hide its interventions, implying that the structures that redistribute income upward are just the natural working of the market. Progressives help the Right's cause when we accuse them of being "market fundamentalists," effectively implying that the conservatives' structuring of the economy is its natural state.
Between Cultures
Authors: Quinn William J.
Published: April 2010

On April 2, 2005, a month-and-a half after arriving in Iraq, I was in combat for the first time. We were pounded with mortars, rockets, grenades, vehicle-borne explosives, and smallarms fire for nearly two hours. After the fighting stopped, I interrogated a few of the Iraqis who were picked up by Marines during the attack. After I wrote my reports for the night, I went to the chow hall, ate breakfast, and walked back to my bunk. I lay down and slept like a baby. I slept well every night I was in Iraq. I easily shrugged off every issue that complicated my life: problems with girls, disagreements with superiors, arguments with friends. I would grow angry about the situation in Iraq from time to time, but my anger never affected my work, and I never lost any sleep over it. But when I returned to the United States, things were different.
Environmental Radicalism: The Extremes and the Earth
Authors: Engler Mark
Published: April 2010

In the forest, a protestor U-locks her neck to a bulldozer set to plow a road through an immaculate Redwood grove. On the seas a small, agile boat chases after a much larger whaling vessel to interrupt its hunt. In the courtroom, a scrappy legal team demands an injunction to protect the habitat of an elusive, endangered panther. The extent to which these images seem familiar is a testament to the effectiveness of the radical environmental movement's entry into the mainstream of American consciousness. In the 1960s and 1970s, large national organizations such as the Sierra Club, the Wilderness Society, the National Wildlife Federation, and the Natural Resources Defense Council surged in membership and helped pass landmark legislation such as the Wilderness Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
The State We Lost
Authors: Barrow Jessica
Published: April 2010

In the summer of 2008, I went to work as a volunteer for the Obama campaign in my hometown of Gainesville, Georgia. To my and everyone’s surprise, the campaign had hired a field organizer for Gainesville, a nineteen-year-old Jewish student from Northwestern, Adam Yalowitz. What made the choice of Adam surprising was that Hall County, which includes Gainesville, has even fewer Jews (under 1 percent) than it does African Americans (7 percent). Adam held his first meeting in the basement of St. John's church. There was a decent crowd considering that the number of registered Democrats in Gainesville was only 20 percent of the county's population. Adam told us about himself, about why he thought Barack Obama should be president, and then he did something that was both surprising and brilliant. He started talking about us.
A Tale of Two Labor Laws
Authors: Brody David
Published: April 2010

Come to Perth next year and give us a keynote address. That was the gist of an e-mail I got one July day in 2008 from the Australian Society for the Study of Labor History. At the time, both the United States and Australia were grappling with labor law reform. In America, it was the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) put forth by the AFL-CIO and endorsed by the Democrats. Come November, they would almost certainly be in charge—White House, both Houses of Congress, the whole works. In Australia, after a decade in the minority, the Labor Party under the leadership of Kevin Rudd was back in power and bent on dismantling the anti-union program of its neoliberal predecessor. Labor's alternative was still a work in progress, but it already had a name, Fair Work Australia.
Perceptual Salience in Dialect Contact: The Okan'e/Akan'e Dialects of East Slavic
Authors: Bethin Christina Y.
Published: April 2010

In East Slavic, akan'e (neutralization of /o/ and /a/ after non-palatalized consonants) has spread or is spreading to dialects which maintain the mid- and low-vowel contrast ( okan'e ). Under the assumption that vowel neutralization is favored in durationally deprived syllables, it is expected that akan'e would first spread in weak positions, and in some transitional dialects this is exactly what happens: akan'e is found in non-immediately pretonic and post-tonic syllables. But in other dialects the patterns of akan'e spread are unexpected: it first appears in the immediately pretonic position and before stressed high vowels and often before stressed /a/ before it occurs elsewhere. I focus on these unexpected patterns and suggest that they may emerge as a consequence of perceptual salience through contact with neighboring strong akan'e dialects in Pskov and Novgorod oblasts of Russia and in Homel' and Minsk oblasts of Belarus. Similar patterns are found in other East Slavic dialect contact situations under similar conditions, as is to be expected.
Freestanding n -words in Russian: A Syntactic Account
Authors: Fitzgibbons Natalia
Published: April 2010

This article provides a syntactic account of freestanding n -words in Russian. The analysis is based on the theory in Brown 1999, where Russian n -words are licensed by agreement with the sentential negation head. Under the proposed analysis, freestanding n -words are licensed by agreement with a phonologically null negative head. The article works out the details of this agreement process for both n -words licensed by sentential negation and freestanding n -words licensed by a phonologically null negative head. As a result, it provides an argument that the driving force of movement must lie in the moving element, the n -word.
Case and Events in Transitive Impersonals
Authors: Lavine James E.
Published: April 2010

This paper provides an event-structural analysis of accusative assignment in Ukrainian and Russian impersonal predicates. Constructions in which accusative occurs in the absence of an external argument, i.e., Transitive Impersonals, are found to be necessarily dyadic and causative: one argument identifies a causing or initiating event while a second argument is associated with the verb's core meaning. The causing event is introduced by a syntactic head within the verb's extended functional projection that is responsible for accusative valuation, but is not argument-projecting (following Pylkkänen 2008). Event structure is thereby linked directly to Case, further elucidating the role of v in accusative valuation, and providing new evidence for event decompositional approaches to syntax. Additional support for this approach is adduced from a non-cognate impersonal construction in Russian.
Actualist Fallacies, from Fax Machines to Lunar Journeys
Authors: Gilead Amihud
Published: April 2010

This article analyses two different actualist fallacies. Excluding the possibility of the invention of the fax or that of submarines well before the twentieth century is the first actualist fallacy that I examine. The second is: excluding the possibility of lunar journeys well before actual moon landings, H. G. Wells confronted Jules Verne over the question of whether an author should relate to real possibilities or to impossible fantasies. I examine this debate in the light of Wittgenstein's actualist "certainty" about the impossibility of a lunar journey and, in contrast, the possibility of such a journey that was surmised by Kepler, having read Lucian's fantasy of such a journey. Truthful fictions can help scientists to discover pure possibilities that predict future actual discoveries and achievements.
Tradition and Revolution in the Rhetoric of Analytic Philosophy
Authors: Sterenberg Matthew
Published: April 2010

Analytic philosophers as a species abhor logical contradictions. Yet, during the middle decades of the twentieth century, analytic philosophers in Britain offered two contradictory justifications for their discipline. On the one hand they claimed to be bold revolutionaries breaking once and for all with philosophical tradition, and on the other they cloaked themselves in the mantle of that same tradition. Why did they do this and how did they get away with it for so long? Because they justified their work differently to different audiences and because historians have uncritically accepted the "Whig narrative" that analytic philosophers told about themselves.
Moral Luck in Thomas Hardy's Fiction
Authors: Zhang Chengping
Published: April 2010

Thomas Hardy is notorious for driving his characters into the grave with untimely chance and luck. This essay interprets his idiosyncrasy as an exploration of the problem of "moral luck" to confront the reader with fundamental ethical questions. My examination of four cases of moral luck in Hardy's Far from the Madding Crowd and The Return of the Native shows that they produce different effects in the two novels and invite different ethical response due to genre differences; and embracing both versions of ethical experience will help the reader understand the nature of moral luck and moral judgment.
The Spinozist Freedom of George Eliot's Daniel Deronda
Authors: Nemoianu Virgil Martin
Published: April 2010

George Eliot's Daniel Deronda advances a conception of freedom with clear Spinozist affinities. The development of Eliot's characters, and of their relationships to one another, can be understood fruitfully in terms of growth toward freedom or contraction to bondage, where the notions of freedom and bondage are very much in accord with Spinoza's views in the Ethics . A close reading of specific scenes and an analysis of the title character's arc in the novel discloses a view of human freedom which is at once an attractive interpretation of Spinoza and a significant component of Eliot's ethics.
Huckleberry Finn and Moral Motivation
Authors: Goldman Alan
Published: April 2010

Huckleberry Finn is not irrational in being unmotivated to follow his explicit judgments of rightness and wrongness. Philosophers have previously judged Huck to be irrational, subject to weakness of will, in being unable to act on his moral judgment. But their interpretation rests on incorrect analyses of weak will and of the emotions on which Huck does act. I also argue that such emotion based motivation is not of the kind that could be rationally required. The character of Huckleberry Finn therefore implies that rational agents need not be morally motivated.
What's Wrong with Alienation?
Authors: Silcox Heidi M.
Published: April 2010

Can art encourage social progress without invoking empathy? Bertolt Brecht thought so. He built convention violations into his plays in order to alienate audiences from their empathetic responses. He did this in order to encourage reasoned responses among his audience members. In so doing, Brecht ran the risk that spectators would imaginatively resist the play and focus exclusively on the convention violations. This kind of imaginative resistance does in fact undermine Brecht's purpose of achieving social progress. Contrary to Brecht's assessment, empathy is cognitive in nature and is a vehicle by which Brecht could have effectively realized his goal.
Beauty, Evolution, and Medieval Literature
Authors: Da Soller Claudio
Published: April 2010

Medieval literature often used stock descriptions of beautiful women following a well-established rhetorical canon which included expressions such as "golden hair," "sparkling eyes," or "skin whiter than snow." But were these terms mere rhetorical conventions derived from Latin poetry, as generally accepted by medieval scholars? And what happens if we examine these descriptions at the "literal" level of interpretation? This survey of works in the languages of medieval Iberia shows that the medieval rhetorical portrait synthesized a widely shared ideal of female beauty which coincides with today's male perceptions of female attractiveness, and is consistent with evolved psychological preferences.
Jack London's "To Build a Fire": How Not to Read Naturalist Fiction
Authors: Pizer Donald
Published: April 2010

The article initially demonstrates how Lee Clark Mitchell's misreading of Jack London's "To Build a Fire" as determinist fiction leads him to read against the clear and emphatic intent of the story by forcing a deconstructive interpretation on its repetitive technique. The article then goes on to suggest that some form of this critical methodology is shared by many recent New Historicist and Cultural Studies critics and is related both to the frequent misreading of American naturalist fiction in general and, indirectly, to the decline of undergraduate interest in English studies.
How Catherine Does Go On: Northanger Abbey and Moral Thought
Authors: Nelson James Lindemann
Published: April 2010

Catherine Moreland is commonly seen as a charming naïf , beguiled by bad books and bad company into odd obsessions, until chastened by experience and love. Some moral philosophers see their discipline as beguiled by an obsession of its own—a fixation on the proper application of a small set of words. Austen is sometimes recruited to discredit such tendencies. Yet how should a chastened moral philosophy proceed? Seeing Catherine otherwise than as a faux gothic heroine reveals the promise in a neglected direction: scrutinize practices that support our unstudied inclinations to take as natural particular ways of applying concepts.
The Apathetic Fallacy
Authors: Miller Gavin
Published: April 2010

The "apathetic fallacy" dominates literary criticism: to make critical inquiry "epistemologically objective" (rational and disinterested) literary critics have mistakenly tried to restrict their study to that which is "ontologically objective" (not a matter of subjective reality). Absurdity results, particularly when, because of a combination of New Critical orthodoxy, and cherry-picked psychoanalytic concepts, intentional meaning is denigrated as "merely" subjective. Fredric Jameson's account of postmodernism is a case-study in such absurdity; further folly can be avoided only by a disciplinary audit that purges literary inquiry of the "apathetic fallacy."
Intimations of Neoteny: Play and God in Wordsworth's 1799 Prelude
Authors: Harshbarger Scott
Published: April 2010

This essay uses the biological concept of human neoteny – the retention of juvenile traits in adulthood resulting from prolonged childhood – to help explain why the adult Wordsworth, in order to overcome a creative malaise and to establish a kind of religious authority in the wake of the French Revolution, set about recollecting particular memories of his childhood in verse. Two psychological systems are evident in the 1799 Prelude : one, the play system, which, while not the sole product of mankind's extended childhood, is certainly a major feature of it; the other, a system of promiscuous attribution of intentionality, which enables belief in a supervisory moral agency.
Paperback Authenticity: Walter Kaufmann and Existentialism
Authors: Pickus David
Published: April 2010

Walter Kaufmann's 1956 anthology, Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre , was a landmark in the dissemination of existentialist thought in the English speaking world. Yet despite the popularity of the anthology, Kaufmann's ideas about existentialism have not received the study they deserve. This is true even though Kaufmann made it clear that he had an engaged point of view; that is, a particular story to tell about existentialism and its reception. If we examine the provocative manner that Kaufmann juxtaposed Kierkegaard – the figure he considered to be the first existentialist – with Dostoevsky, Nietzsche and Rilke, we will not only grasp his intentions, we will discover some valuable (and surprising) things about existentialism, its reputation in scholarly literature, and ourselves.
Elias Canetti and T. S. Eliot on Fame
Authors: Smith Suzanne
Published: April 2010

If fame reflects the capricious favor of the gods, there is little point in blaming the many who grant it to the few. But if fame represents a collective judgment of merit, then that judgment itself may be judged, and found wanting. Both T.S. Eliot and Elias Canetti represent fame as being, in part, the product of judgment. I argue that whereas Eliot believes that fame may be rightly distributed to those deserving of it in accordance with proper judgment, Canetti views judgment itself as a disease, which complicates considerably his attempt to conceive of a non-toxic version of fame.
Consilience, Cultural Evolution, and the Humanities
Authors: Tanaka Jiro
Published: April 2010

Is a genuinely consilient concept of human culture possible? I identify some of the major stumbling blocks that prevent mutual illumination between the humanities and evolutionary sciences. Whereas the sciences are often concerned with predictive averages, the arts draw attention to "outliers" that defy general trends. The solution is not to disregard these outliers, but rather to understand the open-ended processes that, by design, produce startling variations. Such open-endedness is an essential part of the evolutionary story, not an insignificant byproduct. Conversely, humanistic scholars have much to gain by engaging, rather than spurning, the evolutionary framework.
Baring the Brain as Well as the Soul: Milan Kundera's The Joke
Authors: Howell Yvonne
Published: April 2010

Are we innately superstitious? Is it possible for even the most hardened atheist-existentialist not see the hand of destiny, traffic deities, or other disembodied psychological agents when a fortuitous parking spot transforms his life? Maybe our adaptive ability to infer intentionality to other people's behavior evolved at some point into an innate drive to infer intentionality to the gestures of the universe? Kundera's Czech novel The Joke (1965) can be read as prescient obsession with our insistence on deciphering existential meanings. I explore Bering's "Existential Theory of Mind" hypothesis to re-examine The Joke in a post-Cold War context.
Information Use in History Research: A Citation Analysis of Master's Level Theses
Authors: Sherriff Graham
Published: April 2010

This article addresses the need for quantitative investigation into students' use of information resources in historical research. It reports the results of a citation analysis of more than 3,000 citations from master's level history theses submitted between 1998 and 2008 at a mid-sized public university. The study's results support the hypotheses that the predominant format in history research is the monograph and that history research entails use of older resources, and in greater proportions, than other disciplines. Results also support the conclusions that journal usage is comparatively low and that there is a high degree of citation dispersal across journal titles.
Insights Into The Commons on Flickr
Authors: Vaughan Jason
Published: April 2010

The Commons on Flickr, comprised of an international community of select libraries, museums, and archives, was a project initially launched in 2008 by the Library of Congress and Flickr. Primary goals of The Commons are to broaden exposure to rich cultural heritage photographs and to observe and participate in the communities of engagement and dialog enabled through The Commons. A survey was administered to all The Commons institutions during summer 2009, focusing on assessment of the overall satisfaction of current members and seeking additional details on participation goals, social interactions, staff time involvement, and general statistics. Members report a very positive experience with The Commons.
Valuing Information Literacy: Affective Learning and the ACRL Standards
Authors: Schroeder Robert , Cahoy Ellysa Stern
Published: April 2010

Higher education information literacy standards have readily addressed cognitive skills, although affective competencies—the emotional abilities that students must acquire in order to successfully navigate the research process—have not yet been incorporated into standards. This paper presents examples of current information literacy standards, integrating affective competencies or dispositions, including the American Association of School Librarians (AASL) 21st Century Learning Standards , and proposes a model for affective-focused higher education information literacy standards. The role of affect in library learning, the importance of affective competencies, and the centrality of affective learning to student mastery of research skills are discussed. Viewing information literacy as an integrated literacy, encompassing affective learning, technological literacy, and critical thinking, can provide avenues for greater collaboration with faculty in support of effective student research assignments.
Spanish Faculty Preferences and Usage of Library Services in the Field of Science and Technology
Authors: Pinto María , Fernández-Ramos Andrés
Published: April 2010

The authors compare Spanish faculty use of library services and the interest they express in value-added services and improvement actions. The results are based on data from a survey of 546 faculty in the field of science and technology. The study differentiates between the areas of pure science, engineering and architecture, and life sciences. Results reveal a general trend toward a greater use of virtual services, although some services such as in-person consultations remain popular. Interest in increasing collections is also expressed. Findings also reflect differences among the three groups.
Calibrated Peer Review: A New Tool for Integrating Information Literacy Skills in Writing-Intensive Large Classroom Settings
Authors: Fosmire Michael
Published: April 2010

Calibrated Peer Review™ (CPR) is a program that can significantly enhance the ability to integrate intensive information literacy exercises into large classroom settings. CPR is founded on a solid pedagogic base for learning, and it is formulated in such a way that information skills can easily be inserted. However, there is no mention of its application for information literacy in the library literature. A sample implementation of CPR in a course co-taught by science disciplinary faculty and librarians at Purdue University is presented with recommendations for optimal use of this resource. CPR is a valuable new tool that librarians can use to further their collaborations with disciplinary faculty.
Moral Uses, Narrative Effects: Natural History in Victorian Periodicals and Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters
Authors: Dewitt Anne
Published: April 2010

This article situates Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, serialized in Cornhill Magazine between 1864 and 1866, in the context of contemporary periodical articles that represent natural history as a moral endeavor and that depict men of science as moral exemplars. Gaskell thematizes scientific morality through her naturalist-hero Roger Hamley, linking his personal excellence to his scientific gifts and thus presenting scientific ways of thinking as relevant to the "every-day" world the novel chronicles and as integral to the development of the novel's courtship plot. The article ends by briefly considering the changing place of natural history in George Eliot's oeuvre.
The Picture of Dorian Gray in Context: Intertextuality and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine
Authors: Lorang Elizabeth
Published: April 2010

Despite important intersections with Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray , the dynamic exchanges and conversations within the July 1890 Lippincott's have remained largely unexplored. This essay therefore takes the July 1890 Lippincott's , in which Wilde's novel first appeared, as the text for study. The goal in treating the periodical as text is neither to create a linear narrative of meaning for the entire issue of the magazine nor to connect the dots between every item. Instead, this approach enables an exploration of a cultural moment captured and shaped by the periodical. Returning to this issue of Lippincott's uncovers important intertextual relationships between composite texts, including provocative discussions on the occult, morality, science, and art.
William Clark Russell and Chambers's Journal : Elopement and the Victorian Nautical Novel
Authors: Nash Andrew
Published: April 2010

This essay examines aspects of the serialisation of the novels of William Clark Russell, the greatest late Victorian nautical novelist. Focusing on the treatment of his work by the Edinburgh firm of Messrs Chambers, the article provides an illuminating perspective on market censorship in this period. Drawing on the archives of Chatto & Windus and the literary agent A.P. Watt, it traces the network of relations between author, agent, magazine editor and book publisher, showing how the various components of the serial market operated in the late 1880s and early 1890s.
What's in a Name?: Signature, Criticism, and Authority in The Fortnightly Review
Authors: Nash Sarah
Published: April 2010

In an attempt to cleanse its book reviews of commercial and political overtones, The Fortnightly Review transformed critical writing by implementing an editorial policy of signature. Signed reviews no longer articulated the voice of a collective group but instead expressed the sincere evaluation of an individual. This change in format, however, destabilized conventional authority systems that had guaranteed criticism would not be read as personal opinions. This article looks at the methods used by George Eliot and Anthony Trollope, in their works published in the Fortnightly 's first volume, to preserve criticism as authoritative while negotiating editorial demands for signature.