bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S3-Leitlinie Heimenterale und heimparenterale Ernährung der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM)
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Arends Jann , Decker-Baumann Christiane , Hütterer Elisabeth , Koch Sebastian , Mühlebach Stefan , Roetzer Ingeborg , Schneider Andrea , Seipt Claudia , Simanek Ralph , Stanga Zeno
Published: April 2024

Medizinische Ernährungstherapie, die enterale und parenterale Ernährung umfasst,
ist ein wesentlicher Teil der Ernährungstherapie. Medizinische
Ernährungstherapie beschränkt sich nicht auf die Krankenhausbehandlung, sondern
kann effektiv und sicher auch zu Hause eingesetzt werden. Dadurch hat sich der
Stellenwert der Medizinischen Ernährungstherapie deutlich erhöht und ist zu
einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Therapie vieler chronischer Erkrankungen
geworden. Für Menschen mit chronischem Darmversagen, z. B. wegen Kurzdarmsyndrom
ist die Medizinische Ernährungstherapie sogar lebensrettend. In der Leitlinie
wird die Evidenz für die Medizinische Ernährungstherapie in 161 Empfehlungen
dargestellt. Die Leitlinie wendet sich in erster Linie an Ärzte,
Ernährungsfachkräfte und Pflegekräfte, sie dient der Information für
Pharmazeuten und anderes Fachpersonal, kann aber auch für den interessierten
Laien hilfreich sein.
Looking Beyond Mortality Prediction: Primary Care Physician Views of Patients' Palliative Care Needs Predicted by a Machine Learning Tool
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa , Wang Liqin , Zupanc Sophia N. , Penumarthy Akhila , Laurentiev John , Lamey Jan , Farah Subrina , Lipsitz Stuart , Jain Nina , Bates David W. , Zhou Li , Lakin Joshua R.
Published: April 2024

Objectives To assess primary care physicians' (PCPs) perception of the need for serious illness conversations (SIC) or other palliative care interventions in patients flagged by a machine learning tool for high 1-year mortality risk.

Methods We surveyed PCPs from four Brigham and Women's Hospital primary care practice sites. Multiple mortality prediction algorithms were ensembled to assess adult patients of these PCPs who were either enrolled in the hospital's integrated care management program or had one of several chronic conditions. The patients were classified as high or low risk of 1-year mortality. A blinded survey had PCPs evaluate these patients for palliative care needs. We measured PCP and machine learning tool agreement regarding patients' need for an SIC/elevated risk of mortality.

Results Of 66 PCPs, 20 (30.3%) participated in the survey. Out of 312 patients evaluated, 60.6% were female, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 69.3 (17.5) years, and a mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2.80 (2.89). The machine learning tool identified 162 (51.9%) patients as high risk. Excluding deceased or unfamiliar patients, PCPs felt that an SIC was appropriate for 179 patients; the machine learning tool flagged 123 of these patients as high risk (68.7% concordance). For 105 patients whom PCPs deemed SIC unnecessary, the tool classified 83 as low risk (79.1% concordance). There was substantial agreement between PCPs and the tool (Gwet's agreement coefficient of 0.640).

Conclusions A machine learning mortality prediction tool offers promise as a clinical decision aid, helping clinicians pinpoint patients needing palliative care interventions.
Development of a low-cost plasma source using fly-back transformer for atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge
Authors: Sharma Sangat , Chalise Roshan , Basnet Suresh , Lamichhane Hari Prasad , Khanal Raju
Published: April 2024

This study outlines the development of a cost-effective power supply tailored for generating atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge, primarily for non-thermal plasma processes. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of discharge characteristics using optical and electrical methods, focusing on parameters such as discharge temperature, plasma density, and current-voltage characteristics. The output voltage (VRMS) of the power supply increases within the range of (7.67±0.41) to (26.71±0.88) kV. Our findings indicate that arc velocity increases with the increase in airflow rate, whereas it is reduced with the increase in applied voltage. The power consumption of the discharge falls within 8.55–18.34 W for applied voltages ranging from 12.00 to 20.00 V. The electron temperature and density decrease toward the electrode outlet, with values of 1.194 ± 0.024 eV and (0.66±0.17)×1017 cm−3, respectively, at the outermost region. Variations in applied voltage affect both electron temperature and density. Additionally, airflow and applied voltage influence rotational and vibrational temperatures, with maximum values observed at the lowermost equilibrium position for increased airflow. Our findings demonstrate a non-thermodynamic equilibrium discharge, as evidenced by the fact that the electron temperature exceeds vibrational temperature and vibrational temperature exceeds rotational temperature. The suggested techniques are both practical and efficient, with a straightforward construction process, and have been demonstrated to be applicable in the agricultural field.
Modal analysis of a submerged elastic disk: A hypersingular integral equation approach
Authors: Mal Tapas , Kundu Souvik , Meylan Michael H. , Gupta Sourav
Published: April 2024

A method based on the hypersingular integral equation approach and the modal analysis is presented to consider the effects of the motion of a submerged elastic disk on the incoming waves. Initially, the governing boundary value problem is reduced to a two-dimensional integral equation with a hypersingular kernel. This integral equation is further reduced to a one-dimensional Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with the help of Fourier series expansions and a newly defined function. As a part of modal analysis, eigenfunction expansion based on natural modes of structural motion is considered to describe the motion of a thin circular elastic disk. Physical quantities, such as hydrodynamic force, added mass, damping coefficient, and surface elevation, are numerically evaluated. The computed numerical results are verified by comparing them with those for the rigid disk horizontally submerged in deep water. Apart from this, as a part of the analytical verification of our present analysis, the reciprocity relation has been included. The effects of different parameters (disk's rigidity, radius, submergence depth, and mode of vibrations) on the aforementioned physical quantities have been studied. The maximum hydrodynamic force occurs around Ka = 0.5, while the maximum added mass and damping coefficient occur around the wavenumber Ka = 0.3 and Ka = 0.5, respectively. The peaks of the hydrodynamic force and free surface elevation become sharper with the increasing values of the disk's size. The numerical results emphasize that the wave focusing can be controlled by changing the submergence depth, size, and rigidity of the disk.
Experimental study of the dynamics and extreme ultraviolet radiation of laser produced colliding Sn plasmas
Authors: Wu Yaoxing , Wang Xinbing , Ray Tyler , Thio Yong Chia Francis , Hassanein Ahmed
Published: April 2024

The advanced research on bright 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources with low debris is of crucial importance for the semiconductor industry. The scheme of laser produced colliding plasma holds the potential to significantly improve the conversion efficiency (CE) from the laser energy to the required EUV light sources. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam was split into two beams using a polarizing cube and focused on a planar Sn target surface at a distance of 2.5 mm to generate two colliding plasmas. It was found that the optical radiation intensity of the stagnation layer generated in the colliding plasmas region was much higher than that of a single-pulse plasma under the same laser energy. Furthermore, the stagnation layer could exist for a longer time with a higher optical radiation intensity, which meant that the formation of the stagnation layer effectively converted the ion kinetic energy into optical radiation energy. The time-of-flight (TOF) ion signal of the colliding plasma exhibited a much narrower distribution compared to the seed plasma. At the same laser energy, the ion kinetic energy of the colliding plasma was lower than that of the single-pulse plasma. The TOF peak voltage and total charge showed a stronger angular dependence for the colliding plasma. At high laser energy, the colliding plasma could significantly reduce the ion's kinetic energy without changing the CE of the EUV.
Transport coefficients of warm dense matter from Kohn-Sham density functional theory
Authors: Melton Cody A. , Clay Raymond C. , Cochrane Kyle R. , Dumi Amanda , Gardiner Thomas A. , Lentz Meghan K. , Townsend Joshua P.
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive study of transport coefficients including DC electrical conductivity and related optical properties, electrical contribution to the thermal conductivity, and the shear viscosity via ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations on the “priority 1” cases from the “Second Charged-Particle Transport Coefficient Workshop” [Stanek et al., Phys. Plasmas (to be published 2024)]. The purpose of this work is to carefully document the entire workflow used to generate our reported transport coefficients, up to and including our definitions of finite size and statistical convergence, extrapolation techniques, and choice of thermodynamic ensembles. In pursuit of accurate optical properties, we also present a novel, simple, and highly accurate algorithm for evaluating the Kramers–Kronig relations. These heuristics are often not discussed in the literature, and it is hoped that this work will facilitate the reproducibility of our data.
Analysis of the correlation between vegetated flow and suspended sediment using the drift flux model
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yin Zegao , Wang Yanxu , Yang Bo , Zheng Fuxiang
Published: April 2024

We propose a model that integrates a drift flux model with a vegetation source term and the k−ω shear stress transport with improved delayed detached eddy simulation turbulence model to simulate sediment-laden vegetated flows. The numerical model was validated using experimental data from Lu [“Experimental study on suspended sediment distribution in flow with rigid vegetation,” Ph.D. thesis (Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2008)] and Wang and Qian [“Velocity profiles of sediment-laden flow,” Int. J. Sediment Res. 7, 27–58 (1992)]. We analyzed the vertical profile characteristics and spatial distribution features of sediment-laden vegetated flows at different vegetation densities. A detailed analysis was conducted on the correlations between variables that could affect the suspended sediment distribution, including vorticity, vertical velocity, Reynolds stress, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) fields. It was found that the vorticity field is primarily correlated with the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) field at the vegetation canopy, while the vertical velocity field above the canopy has a positive correlation with the SSC field. Both the Reynolds stress and TKE fields above the canopy exhibit positive correlations with the sediment concentration field. However, below the canopy, both fields show negative correlations with the sediment concentration. The TKE field is closely related to the suspended sediment distribution near the bottom, whereas the Reynolds stress field influences the suspended sediment distribution near the surface. The overall correlation between Reynolds stress and TKE with sediment concentration is negative, with their correlation significantly higher than that of vorticity and vertical velocity, indicating a closer connection with the movement of suspended sediments than the other variables.
Microgram BaCl2 ablation targets for trapped ion experiments
Authors: Greenberg Noah , Jozani Akbar Jahangiri , Epstein Collin J. C. , Tan Xinghe , Islam Rajibul , Senko Crystal
Published: April 2024

Trapped ions for quantum information processing have been an area of intense study due to the extraordinarily high fidelity operations that have been reported experimentally. Specifically, barium trapped ions have been shown to have exceptional state-preparation and measurement fidelities. The 133Ba+ (I = 1/2) isotope in particular is a promising candidate for large-scale quantum computing experiments. However, a major pitfall with this isotope is that it is radioactive and is thus generally used in microgram quantities to satisfy safety regulations. We describe a new method for creating microgram barium chloride (BaCl2) ablation targets for use in trapped ion experiments and compare our procedure to previous methods. We outline two recipes for the fabrication of ablation targets that increase the production of neutral atoms for isotope-selective loading of barium ions. We show that heat-treatment of the ablation targets greatly increases the consistency at which neutral atoms can be produced, and we characterize the uniformity of these targets using trap-independent techniques such as energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and neutral fluorescence collection. Our comparison between fabrication techniques and the demonstration of consistent neutral fluorescence paves a path toward reliable loading of 133Ba+ in surface traps and opens opportunities for scalable quantum computing with this isotope.
Silver-doped CdSe magic-sized nanocrystals
Authors: Pun Andrew B. , Lyons Alexandra J. , Norris David J.
Published: April 2024

Magic-sized nanocrystals (MSNCs) grow via jumps between very specific sizes. This discrete growth is a possible avenue toward monodisperse nanomaterials that are completely identical in size and shape. In spite of this potential, MSNCs have seen limited study and application due to their poor optical properties. Specifically, MSNCs are limited in their range of emission wavelengths and commonly exhibit poor photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Here, we report silver doping of CdSe MSNCs as a strategy to improve the optical properties of MSNCs. Silver doping leads to controllable shifts in emission wavelength and significant increases in MSNC PLQYs. These results suggest that doped MSNCs are interesting candidates for displays or luminescent solar concentrators. Finally, we demonstrate that the doping process does not affect the magic size of our MSNCs, allowing further photophysical study of this class of nanomaterial.
Numerical study on high-fidelity flow field around vanes of a Francis turbine
Authors: Cui Guanzhe , Cao Yicheng , Yan Yan , Wang Wenquan
Published: April 2024

Current Francis turbines are encountering vibration issues, potentially attributed to the flow instabilities around the guide and stay vane cascades. To explore the impact of the flow field on the vibration mechanism, the current study implements a high-fidelity spectral element method to predict intricate turbulent activities and performs cascade models based on a high-head prototype turbine that experiences severe vibration at an attack angle of 30°. The findings reveal significant effects of the narrow guide vane passage on pressure distribution at the low head, while the combination of flow velocity and the passage width induces the highest pressure magnitude at the high head. Favorable pressure gradients and incoming flow alternation cause elongated vortical structures with an approximate length of the guide vane (1.46 m), forming on the pressure side of the guide vanes and at the entrances of the guide vane passages, respectively. At the high head, intense flow separation induces a high-stress region (−30 < u′v′¯ < −20), connecting the downstream half of the stay vane with the stagnation point of the guide vanes at the attack angle of 39.5°. The operating condition with the attack angle of 30° and high head exhibits a larger flow velocity compared to the smaller attack angle and features a narrower guide vane passage than the larger attack angle, causing the largest fluctuating energy (K> 0.14) with 4.5 times the cross-sectional area of the guide vane in the vaneless region and the most unfavorable flow instabilities around the cascades.
Parkinsonism Sac domain mutation in Synaptojanin-1 affects ciliary properties in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Mohd Rafiq Nisha , Fujise Kenshiro , Rosenfeld Martin Shaun , Xu Peng , De Camilli Pietro
Published: April 2024

Synaptojanin-1 (SJ1) is a major neuronal-enriched PI(4, 5)P
2
4- and 5-phosphatase implicated in the shedding of endocytic factors during endocytosis. A mutation (R258Q) that impairs selectively its 4-phosphatase activity causes Parkinsonism in humans and neurological defects in mice (SJ1
RQ
KI mice). Studies of these mice showed, besides an abnormal assembly state of endocytic factors at synapses, the presence of dystrophic nerve terminals selectively in a subset of nigro-striatal dopamine (DA)-ergic axons, suggesting a special lability of DA neurons to the impairment of SJ1 function. Here we have further investigated the impact of SJ1 on DA neurons using iPSC-derived SJ1 KO and SJ1
RQ
KI DA neurons and their isogenic controls. In addition to the expected enhanced clustering of endocytic factors in nerve terminals, we observed in both SJ1 mutant neuronal lines increased cilia length. Further analysis of cilia of SJ1
RQ
DA neurons revealed abnormal accumulation of the Ca
2+
channel Ca
v
1.3 and of ubiquitin chains, suggesting a defect in the clearing of ubiquitinated proteins at the ciliary base, where a focal concentration of SJ1 was observed. We suggest that SJ1 may contribute to the control of ciliary protein dynamics in DA neurons, with implications on cilia-mediated signaling.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of
Listeria monocytogenes
central nervous system infection in mice
Authors: Chevée Victoria , Hullahalli Karthik , Dailey Katherine G. , Güereca Leslie , Zhang Chenyu , Waldor Matthew K. , Portnoy Daniel A.
Published: April 2024

Listeria monocytogenes
is a bacterial pathogen that can cause life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) infections. While mechanisms by which
L. monocytogenes
and other pathogens traffic to the brain have been studied, a quantitative understanding of the underlying dynamics of colonization and replication within the brain is still lacking. In this study, we used barcoded
L. monocytogenes
to quantify the bottlenecks and dissemination patterns that lead to cerebral infection. Following intravenous (IV) inoculation, multiple independent invasion events seeded all parts of the CNS from the blood, however, only one clone usually became dominant in the brain. Sequential IV inoculations and intracranial inoculations suggested that clones that had a temporal advantage (i.e., seeded the CNS first), rather than a spatial advantage (i.e., invaded a particular brain region), were the main drivers of clonal dominance. In a foodborne model of cerebral infection with immunocompromised mice, rare invasion events instead led to a highly infected yet monoclonal CNS. This restrictive bottleneck likely arose from pathogen transit into the blood, rather than directly from the blood to the brain. Collectively, our findings provide a detailed quantitative understanding of the
L. monocytogenes
population dynamics that lead to CNS infection and a framework for studying the dynamics of other cerebral infections.
Spontaneous eye movements reflect the representational geometries of conceptual spaces
Authors: Viganò Simone , Bayramova Rena , Doeller Christian F. , Bottini Roberto
Published: April 2024

Functional neuroimaging studies indicate that the human brain can represent concepts and their relational structure in memory using coding schemes typical of spatial navigation. However, whether we can read out the internal representational geometries of conceptual spaces solely from human behavior remains unclear. Here, we report that the relational structure between concepts in memory might be reflected in spontaneous eye movements during verbal fluency tasks: When we asked participants to randomly generate numbers, their eye movements correlated with distances along the left-to-right one-dimensional geometry of the number space (mental number line), while they scaled with distance along the ring-like two-dimensional geometry of the color space (color wheel) when they randomly generated color names. Moreover, when participants randomly produced animal names, eye movements correlated with low-dimensional similarity in word frequencies. These results suggest that the representational geometries used to internally organize conceptual spaces might be read out from gaze behavior.
The use of the non-lexical sound öö in Hungarian same-turn self-repair
Authors: Németh Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the use of the non-lexical schwa-like sound öö in three Hungarian
self-initiated same-turn self-repair phenomena, namely, searching, replacing, and searching converted into aborting. Since
self-repair inherently prevents the turn from progressing towards possible completion, by deploying the non-lexical
öö in the course of the three repair operations, speakers can vocalize and promise continuation without
producing lexical elements. Öö thus serves as a delaying technique and an indication that the speaker is aware of
the obligation to make the unit-under-way recognizably complete, and is ready to satisfy this obligation. When the
turn-in-progress is halted and verbally marked with öö in the course of the three repair operations under
investigation, the speaker displays to the other participants that the turn is problematic in some respects, but she is ready to
attend to the problem in order to produce a recognizably complete action.
Intestinal nematode infections in Turkish military dogs with special reference to Toxocara canis
Authors: Senlik B. , Cirak V.Y. , Karabacak A.
Published: April 2024

The prevalence and potential zoonotic risk factors of intestinal nematodes of military working dogs, which are used for different military purposes, were assessed. Faecal samples from 352 defined-breed Turkish military dogs were investigated and 107 (30.4%) dogs were found to be infected with one or two nematode species. The following nematodes, with their respective prevalences, were diagnosed in the faecal samples: Toxascaris leonina (21.8%), Toxocara canis (13.3%), Trichuris vulpis (2.9%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (1.2%). Toxocara canis infections were more frequently seen in puppies (0–6 months old). The prevalence of T. canis was significantly higher in male than in female dogs and also higher in dogs which were exercised daily than in those without exercise. The highest prevalence was found in Belgian malinois breed dogs. Toxocara canis infections were not influenced by the floor type of the kennels (i.e. concrete or soil floor). There was no difference in the occurrence of T. canis infection when the last anthelmintic treatment was carried out less or more than 3 months prior to sampling. It is suggested that T. canis infected military dogs would be a threat not only for dog trainers but also for military personnel, notably during national and international operations.
Epidemiological survey of Trichinella infection in domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals from Argentina
Authors: Krivokapich S.J. , Molina V. , Bergagna H.F.J. , Guarnera E.A.
Published: April 2024

The presence of Trichinella larvae was investigated in 247 samples taken from domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals, collected during 1996 to 2005 in 12 endemic provinces of Trichinella infection in Argentina. Muscle larvae of Trichinella from 65 infected animals were identified at the species level by single larva nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based on the variability within the expansion segment V (ESV) region of the ribosomal DNA. Trichinella infections were found in 97 of 164 pigs, 38 of 56 pork products, two domestic dogs, one domestic cat, 7 of 11 armadillos and 3 of 9 synanthropic rats. All Trichinella isolates were identified as Trichinella spiralis by nested PCR. These findings add new data on the epidemiology of trichinellosis and should be considered when implementing new strategies to control this zoonosis.
The proportion of liver excised in Algerian abattoirs is not a good indicator of Fasciola hepatica infections in local cattle breeds
Authors: Mekroud A. , Titi A. , Benakhla A. , Rondelaud D.
Published: April 2024

Clinical and serological investigations on 175 cattle were carried out in 1999 at the slaughterhouse of Jijel, northeastern Algeria, to verify if partial ablation of a liver infected with Fasciola hepatica represents a good epidemiological indicator in the case of fasciolosis, as partial excision of the liver is widespread throughout North African countries. This study was also performed to determine if there is a direct relationship between the quantity of liver confiscated for fasciolosis and the serological response of slaughtered animals. A significant relationship between highly infected livers and positive serological titres was noted. However, two groups of results were conflicting: the presence of macroscopically healthy, undamaged livers with a positive serology (8.3% of 120 cattle), or the existence of highly damaged livers with a negative serology (13.0% of 31 cattle). These results indicate that partial removal of the liver in the case of fasciolosis is unreliable, so this method does not represent a good tool to establish epidemiological data on this disease.
Determinants of parasite species richness on small taxonomical and geographical scales: Lamellodiscus monogeneans of northwestern Mediterranean sparid fish
Authors: Desdevises Y.
Published: April 2024

Determinants of parasite species richness have been investigated in a host–parasite system comprising fish of the family Sparidae and their monogenean gill ectoparasites of the genus Lamellodiscus. This study was carried out on a small geographical scale in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Host phylogenetic relationships were taken into account by phylogenetic eigenvector regression which required the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree for the sparid fish species using mtDNA sequences. Several ecological variables potentially acting on Lamellodiscus species richness were considered. Host body size and host migratory behaviour appeared to be the main determinants of parasite species richness in this system. It is concluded that structuring of monogenean communities is controlled more by ecological than evolutionary factors.
Adaptive cascaded transformer U-Net for MRI brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Chen Bonian , Sun Qiule , Han Yutong , Liu Bin , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2024

Objective. Brain tumor segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in assisting the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Recently, cascaded U-Net models have achieved excellent performance via conducting coarse-to-fine segmentation of MRI brain tumors. However, they are still restricted by obvious global and local differences among various brain tumors, which are difficult to solve with conventional convolutions. Approach. To address the issue, this study proposes a novel Adaptive Cascaded Transformer U-Net (ACTransU-Net) for MRI brain tumor segmentation, which simultaneously integrates Transformer and dynamic convolution into a single cascaded U-Net architecture to adaptively capture global information and local details of brain tumors. ACTransU-Net first cascades two 3D U-Nets into a two-stage network to segment brain tumors from coarse to fine. Subsequently, it integrates omni-dimensional dynamic convolution modules into the second-stage shallow encoder and decoder, thereby enhancing the local detail representation of various brain tumors through dynamically adjusting convolution kernel parameters. Moreover, 3D Swin-Transformer modules are introduced into the second-stage deep encoder and decoder to capture image long-range dependencies, which helps adapt the global representation of brain tumors. Main results. Extensive experiment results evaluated on the public BraTS 2020 and BraTS 2021 brain tumor data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of ACTransU-Net, with average DSC of 84.96% and 91.37%, and HD95 of 10.81 and 7.31 mm, proving competitiveness with the state-of-the-art methods. Significance. The proposed method focuses on adaptively capturing both global information and local details of brain tumors, aiding physicians in their accurate diagnosis. In addition, it has the potential to extend ACTransU-Net for segmenting other types of lesions. The source code is available at: https://github.com/chenbn266/ACTransUnet.
Identifiability of spatiotemporal tissue perfusion models
Authors: Shalom Eve S , Van Loo Sven , Khan Amirul , Sourbron Steven P
Published: April 2024

Objective. Standard models for perfusion quantification in DCE-MRI produce a bias by treating voxels as isolated systems. Spatiotemporal models can remove this bias, but it is unknown whether they are fundamentally identifiable. The aim of this study is to investigate this question in silico using one-dimensional toy systems with a one-compartment blood flow model and a two-compartment perfusion model. Approach. For each of the two models, identifiability is explored theoretically and in-silico for three systems. Concentrations over space and time are simulated by forward propagation. Different levels of noise and temporal undersampling are added to investigate sensitivity to measurement error. Model parameters are fitted using a standard gradient descent algorithm, applied iteratively with a stepwise increasing time window. Model fitting is repeated with different initial values to probe uniqueness of the solution. Reconstruction accuracy is quantified for each parameter by comparison to the ground truth. Main results. Theoretical analysis shows that flows and volume fractions are only identifiable up to a constant, and that this degeneracy can be removed by proper choice of parameters. Simulations show that in all cases, the tissue concentrations can be reconstructed accurately. The one-compartment model shows accurate reconstruction of blood velocities and arterial input functions, independent of the initial values and robust to measurement error. The two-compartmental perfusion model was not fully identifiable, showing good reconstruction of arterial velocities and input functions, but multiple valid solutions for the perfusion parameters and venous velocities, and a strong sensitivity to measurement error in these parameters. Significance. These results support the use of one-compartment spatiotemporal flow models, but two-compartment perfusion models were not sufficiently identifiable. Future studies should investigate whether this degeneracy is resolved in more realistic 2D and 3D systems, by adding physically justified constraints, or by optimizing experimental parameters such as injection duration or temporal resolution.
On the perturbation of the interferometric phase in interferometry-polarimetry of fusion plasmas
Authors: Giudicotti L , Zilli E , Fiorucci D , Contributors JET
Published: April 2024

The perturbation of the interferometric phase is a corrective term of the measured phase shift that should be taken into account in the measurement of the electron line density in a combined interferometer-polarimeter for the diagnostics of the electron density and the magnetic field in a fusion plasma. In this paper we first review in detail the theory of this effect and present a new and complete derivation of it, which also accounts for some errors published in a previous paper. Then we consider this effect in the interferometer-polarimeter of three different plasma devices: RTP, JET and DTT and for each machine we calculate the expected phase perturbation for a typical plasma profile, especially with reference to the use of the popular three-wave technique for the polarization modulation of the input probing beam.
Dynamics of induced optical torque via optical vortex light
Authors: Askar Sh , Jasim D J , Al-Rubaye A H , Ochilov F , Singh R , Kumar A , Al-Tameemi A R , Rodriguez-Benites C , Alwaily E R , Alawadi A
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the dynamics of induced torque in Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers interacting with two weak optical vortex beams as well as a strong control field, exploring the impact of different system parameters such as control field intensity, detuning, magnetic field, and vortex beam strength. We find a dispersive torque behavior, indicating the sensitivity of NV centers to control parameters. Magnetic field induces level splitting, leading to a transformative effect on torque, with notable enhancements observed at specific intensities. Additionally, non-resonant torque is explored, demonstrating the controllability of torque peaks through magnetic field manipulation. Unequal strengths of vortex beams is found to yield substantial enhancements in torque. These results provide crucial insights into the induced torque dynamics in NV centers, presenting opportunities for optimized torque-based applications in quantum systems.
Experimental observation of Fermi-level flat band in novel kagome metal CeNi5
Authors: Chen 陈 Xue-Zhi 学智 , Wang 王 Le 乐 , Zhang 张 Shuai 帅 , Zhang 张 Ren-Jie 任杰 , Cheng 程 Yi-Wei 以伟 , Hu 胡 Yu-Dong 裕栋 , Meng 孟 Cheng-Nuo 承诺 , Liu 刘 Zheng-Tai 正太 , Lv 吕 Bai-Qing 佰晴 , Huang 黄 Yao-Bo 耀波
Published: April 2024

Kagome materials are a class of material with a lattice structure composed of corner-sharing triangles that produce various exotic electronic phenomena, such as Dirac fermions, van Hove singularities, and flat bands. However, most of the known kagome materials have a flat band detached from the Fermi energy, which limits the investigation of the emergent flat band physics. In this work, by combining soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and the first-principles calculations, the electronic structure is investigated of a novel kagome metal CeNi5 with a clear dispersion along the kz
direction and a Fermi level flat band in the Γ–K–M–Γ plane. Besides, resonant ARPES experimental results indicate that the valence state of Ce ions is close to 4+, which is consistent with the transport measurement result. Our results demonstrate the unique electronic properties of CeNi5 as a new kagome metal and provide an ideal platform for exploring the flat band physics and the interactions between different types of flat bands by tuning the valence state of Ce ions.
Gate-field control of valley polarization in valleytronics
Authors: Zhang 张 Ting-Ting 婷婷 , Han 韩 Yilin 依琳 , Zhang 张 Run-Wu 闰午 , Yu 余 Zhi-Ming 智明
Published: April 2024

Valleytronics materials are a kind of special semiconductors which can host multiple symmetry-connected and well-separated electron or hole pockets in the Brillouin zone when the system is slightly n or p doped. Since the low-energy particles residing in these pockets generally are not easily scattered to each other by small perturbations, they are endowed with an additional valley degree of freedom. Analogous to spin, the valley freedom can be used to process information, leading to the concept of valleytronics. The prerequisite for valleytronics is the generation of valley polarization. Thus, a focus in this field is achieving the electric generation of valley polarization, especially the static generation by the gate electric field alone. In this work, we briefly review the latest progress in this research direction, focusing on the concepts of the couplings between valley and layer, i.e., the valley–layer coupling which permits the gate-field control of the valley polarization, the couplings between valley, layer, and spin in magnetic systems, the physical properties, the novel designing schemes for electronic devices, and the material realizations of the gate-controlled valleytronics materials.
Atomic transport dynamics in crossed optical dipole trap
Authors: Peng 彭 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Zhengxi 正熙 , Fan 樊 Yaoyuan 耀塬 , Yin 殷 Guoling 国玲 , Mao 毛 Dekai 德凯 , Chen 陈 Xuzong 徐宗 , Xiong 熊 Wei 炜 , Zhou 周 Xiaoji 小计
Published: April 2024

We study the dynamical evolution of cold atoms in crossed optical dipole trap theoretically and experimentally. The atomic transport process is accompanied by two competitive kinds of physical mechanics, atomic loading and atomic loss. The loading process normally is negligible in the evaporative cooling experiment on the ground, while it is significant in preparation of ultra-cold atoms in the space station. Normally, the atomic loading process is much weaker than the atomic loss process, and the atomic number in the central region of the trap decreases monotonically, as reported in previous research. However, when the atomic loading process is comparable to the atomic loss process, the atomic number in the central region of the trap will initially increase to a maximum value and then slowly decrease, and we have observed the phenomenon first. The increase of atomic number in the central region of the trap shows the presence of the loading process, and this will be significant especially under microgravity conditions. We build a theoretical model to analyze the competitive relationship, which coincides with the experimental results well. Furthermore, we have also given the predicted evolutionary behaviors under different conditions. This research provides a solid foundation for further understanding of the atomic transport process in traps. The analysis of loading process is of significant importance for preparation of ultra-cold atoms in a crossed optical dipole trap under microgravity conditions.
Effect of Hydroxy Gas Addition in Gasoline-ethanol Fuel Mixture on Performance of Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Rahman A , Asnawi  , Putra R , Islami N , Radian H
Published: April 2024

Fossil fuel continues as primary energy source for the transportation industry, particularly for the fuel used in spark ignition (SI) engines. The use of biofuels such as bioethanol is a solution to the reliance on fossil fuels to reduce green-house gas emissions in the atmosphere and improve environmental air quality. However, the use of bioethanol as a fuel for the SI engine has limitations, such as a reduction in power produced as compared to pure gasoline due to the low energy input contained by bioethanol compared to gasoline. The objective of this study is to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the SI engine by adding Hydroxy (HHO) from water electrolysis to the gasoline-bioethanol mixture, allowing for increasing application of bioethanol at higher concentrations as an additive in future. The test was performed on a 155 cc SI engine equipped with an Engine Control Unit (ECU) to control the fuel injection. The pressure, temperature, oxygen, and throttle position sensors located on the engine and connected to a NI-MyRIO microcontroller. The injection duration of HHO gas based on the duration of gasoline fuel injection, both of fuel are injected through each injector at the intake manifold. The result shows the characteristics of HHO gas improved the disadvantages of biofuels, which have a lower heating value and higher flame speed of bioethanol and gasoline fuel. The presence of HHO gas into the bioethanol-gasoline blend affected to increase the produced power, torque and thermal efficiency of the SI engine. An increase in thermal efficiency at 9.16% obtained at concentration of 20% bioethanol and HHO.
Return Air Grille Position in a Cleanroom for Medicinal Packaging Using CFD Method
Authors: Lestari L , Permatasari R
Published: April 2024

A cleanroom is a highly controlled environment; therefore, air quality is of significant concern, and specific physical and microbiological requirements must meet the standard. In addition to the number of particles, another critical parameter in a cleanroom is temperature. USP (The United States Pharmacopeia) 797 recommends that the temperature of a cleanroom be around 20 °C. Air quality is achieved through several parameters and components, such as using a high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA), the amount of fresh air entering the room, temperature, pressure difference, and airflow direction. In this study, the cooling load of the room for the filling and sealing process was calculated, and the airflow and temperature distribution patterns between two parameters of the return air grille (RAG) position were compared using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The first parameter, RAG 1, was placed above the ceiling, while the second parameter, RAG 2, was set on the sidewall. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the heat load generated from the room was 6.99 kW with a cooling coil capacity amounting to 10.77 kW. Moreover, the supply airflow rate was 371.66 l/s. Based on the results of the simulation modelling, it was found that the RAG positioned on the sidewall was more ideal than the RAG positioned above the ceiling since the temperature was more evenly distributed in the room where the RAG was positioned on the sidewall.
Analysis of Characteristics of Bamboo Water Wheels 6 Bamboo Plate with Height Variations of Water Attacking the Blade
Authors: Sule Luther , Amijoyo Mochtar Andi , Mangkau Andi , Timbayo Sule Elieser
Published: April 2024

A waterwheel is a mechanical device in the form of a wheel with blades (bucket or vane) around the edges which are placed on the shaft. horizontally. The waterwheel is a simple tool whose purpose is to convert motion energy into electrical energy. In the design of the waterwheel, the type and dimensions of the waterwheel depend on the location of the wheel, the height of the water fall and the available water capacity. So that in order to obtain optimal efficiency, the design of a waterwheel that operates at a particular location will have a speciLic design, both in the form of type and dimensions that are different from other locations. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum power, maximum torque and maximum efLiciency that produced a bamboo water wheel with 6 bamboo plate blades. In this study, the data produced is experimental data with the height of the water hitting the blades of 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, and 35 cm and the number of blades is 6 pieces. The results obtained, the maximum power is 7.61 and is found in the variation of water height hitting 15 cm, the maximum torque is 3.71 and there is a variation in water height hitting 15 cm and the maximum efLiciency that can be produced by the bamboo water wheel is 47.67% and found in variations in water height that hit the blade 15 cm.
Development of a New Model “MAGIC BOILER” for Faster Steam Production
Authors: Aristiana S A , Roihan I , Koestoer R A
Published: April 2024

A boiler, whether it is used for heating water, generating steam, or superheating steam, plays a crucial role as a closed vessel in various applications. From industrial to household use, boilers find wide-ranging importance. Particularly for Indonesian home industries, which predominantly focus on food or fashion production, boilers play a viral in their manufacturing processes. However, the significant energy consumption of boilers, combined with rising gas and electricity prices due to inflation, has led to an increase in production costs, posing challenges to companies’ profitability and sustainability. To address this issue, this paper proposes the development of a safe and energy-efficient electric water boiler known as the “MAGIC BOILER.” The distinguishing feature of the “MAGIC BOILER” lies in its unique design, incorporating an enhanced heating surface. This innovative design maximizes the heat output generated by the heater, ensuring efficient utilization of the electrical input, thus yielding a higher rate of heat transfer and steam production rate at a relatively lower cost.
Effect of Pad Thickness and Width Variations on Plastic Limit Moment in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels Due to Nozzle In-Plane Load
Authors: Nurdin R. , Sriwijaya R.
Published: April 2024

This study investigates how different pad thicknesses and diameters affect the maximum stress a cylindrical pressure vessel can handle without failing, particularly around the areas where nozzles are attached. Nozzles on these vessels often face directional stress from loads applied in a specific plane, and these stresses mustn’t push the nozzle material beyond its breaking point. The research used computer simulations to see how these vessels, with various pad sizes and a set shell and nozzle size, behave under increasing stress until they reach their breaking point. Findings indicate that making the pad thicker or wider increases the vessel’s resistance to breaking up to a certain point; beyond this optimal size, making the pad larger doesn’t provide any additional benefit. This information helps design better and safer pressure vessels by identifying the best pad size to prevent failure. The study contributes to understanding how to avoid design issues and optimize the construction of these vessels, adhering to specific industry standards.
Influence of Deep Etching Surface Treatment to The Tensile Strength and Microstructure of Brazing Aluminium - Mild Steel
Authors: Anggono A D , Darmawan A S , Yulianto A , Ahmad U , Hariyanto A , Sedyono J , Masyrukan
Published: April 2024

Since hard metals are among the materials that liquid brazing alloys scarcely adhere to, they should not be brazed without first removing the surface layer after sintering. The electrolytic etching method, which gives the surfaces of materials that are hardly wettable very good energetic qualities, is given specific attention. Deep etching is done by using a high concentration of acid solution to roughen the surface. Both dry and wet settings are suitable for etching. An etching fluid is used for etching in a wet environment. Typically, the plate or metal is submerged in an etching solution, where the substance is chemically broken down. While in dry etching, the plasma’s gas phase is where the etching takes place. Due to the presence of plasma in this situation, the etching process that takes place combines chemical and physical processes. Plasma etching is another name for dry etching. Deep etching is an etching process to obtain a rougher surface. Wet deep etching requires a longer immersion time and even several immersions are required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of etching treatment in the brazing process of Aluminium-Mild steel for its microstructure and mechanical properties. The specimens in this study used aluminium 6000 series, mild steel, Alusol ER4043, and etching fluid. Mild steel surfaces are deep etched before brazing. Specimen manufacturing standard refers to ASTM D1002. A micro photo test was conducted to compare the surface conditions of aluminium and mild steel with and without etching treatment. The deep etching process is carried out in three variations of time, namely 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The results showed that the tensile strength increased with deep etching treatment on the surface.
Effect of Welding Time Variation in Resistance Spot Welding on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Joints on Mild Steel and AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Pasau K , Salam N , Aminy A Y , Hayat A
Published: April 2024

Resistance spot welding plays an important role in the automotive industry for working on car bodies or frames. Welding with two different steel materials is used in automotive structures. However, the low strength of the joints of different steel materials is a major problem, limiting the scope of its application. The quality of the welding connection Resistance spot welding is influenced by several factors, namely, time, welding current, and electrode pressure applied during welding and post-welding treatment. In this research, mild steel plate with AISI 304 stainless steel is welded by Resistance spot welding with different variations of welding time, material hardness and tensile testing that will be investigated. The results showed that the highest Rockwell Hardness time was obtained at a welding time variation of 8 seconds with a current of 6000 Ampere was 112.2 so the higher the welding time, the higher the hardness obtained. welding 8 seconds with a welding current of 6000 Ampere obtained a maximum tensile strength of 20.4 kgf/mm2 so the greater the welding current, the tensile strength will increase.