bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascade Reactions of Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Containing Ylides with Methyl Diazoacetate and in situ Generated Diazocyclopropane.
Authors: Tomilov Yu. V. , Platonov D. N. , Dorokhov D. V. , Kostyuchenko I. V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Substituent Effects on [1,3]‐Rearrangement of Alkynyl S,N‐Acetals to 1‐Amino‐3‐sulfenylallenes and Their Conversion to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Mutoh Yuichiro , Fukushima Kozue
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Iodine in Isopropenyl Acetate (IPA): A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Acetylation of Alcohols, Amines and Phenols under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ahmed Naseem , van Lier Johan E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalyst‐Free Chemoselective N‐tert‐Butyloxycarbonylation of Amines in Water.
Authors: Chankeswara Sunay V. , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
6‐(2‐Haloethyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxins: Versatile Haloethyl Vinyl Ketone Equivalents for Carbocycle Construction.
Authors: Greshock Thomas J. , Funk Raymond L.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Aryl‐Substituted E‐Homoallylic Bromides from Cyclopropylcarbinol and PBr3.
Authors: Roy Sanchita , Guha Sharmistha , Dutta Samit Kumar , Bhar Sanjay
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Construction of Polysubstituted Phenols from Baylis—Hillman Adducts via Formal [4 + 2] Annulation Strategy.
Authors: Kim Seung Chan , Lee Hyun Seung , Lee Young Ju , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Homoallylation of Aldehydes with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Ezoe Akihiro , Mori Masahiko , Iwata Keisuke , Tamaru Yoshinao
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Efficient Preparative Method of α‐Ylidene‐β‐diketones via AuII‐Catalyzed Acyl Migration of Propargylic Esters.
Authors: Wang Shaozhong , Zhang Liming
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Some Substituted Terephthalic Acids.
Authors: Branion Susanna , Benin Vladimir
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clean Synthesis of Ethyl α‐Cyanocinnamates Catalyzed by Hexadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Wang Xin , Liu Li‐Bin , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bis(tetrazolyl)benzenes as Ligands in the Suzuki Reaction: Promoters or Inhibitors?
Authors: Burukin A. S. , Vasil'ev A. A. , Merkulova N. L. , Struchkova M. I. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Halofurans and 3‐Chloro‐4‐iodofurans.
Authors: Karpov Alexei S. , Merkul Eugen , Oeser Thomas , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cascade Reactions: Sequential Homobimetallic Catalysis Leading to Benzofurans and β,γ‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe , Costa Mirco
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithium Amide Conjugate Addition for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Aminopyrrolidines.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Garner A. Christopher , Goddard Euan C. , Kruchinin Dennis , Roberts Paul M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Smith Andrew D.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylidene 2‐Oxazolidinones and 1,3‐Oxazin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Robles‐Machin Rocio , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of Analogues of the Antihypertensive Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Irbesartan.
Authors: Satyanarayana B. , Sumalatha Y. , Sridhar C. , Venkatraman S. , Reddy P. Pratap
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Dual Antagonist of Thromboxane A2 and Leukotriene D4 Receptors: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Chloroquinolylvinyl Derivatives.
Authors: Okamoto Yoshinori , Yokota Masaki , Kawazoe Soichiro , Kubota Hirokazu , Nagaoka Hitoshi , Arakida Yasuhito , Takeuchi Makoto
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
7‐(Aryl/heteroaryl‐2‐ylethynyl)‐4‐phenylamino‐3‐quinolinecarbonitriles as New Src Kinase Inhibitors: Addition of Water Solubilizing Groups.
Authors: Wu Biqi , Barrios Sosa Ana Carolina , Boschelli Diane H. , Boschelli Frank , Honores Erick E. , Golas Jennifer M. , Powell Dennis W. , Wang Yanong D.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Outcome of Azaphthalimide Reduction with Zn/AcOH at Various Temperatures.
Authors: Parchinsky Vladislav Z. , Koleda Vladimir V. , Ushakova Olga , Talismanova Tatiana D. , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Isocyanates that Affords Pyrimidinediones.
Authors: Duong Hung A. , Louie Janis
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Regiospecific Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐7‐trihalomethylated Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Martins Marcos A. P. , Cunico Wilson , Scapin Elisandra , Emmerich Daniel J. , Fiss Gabriela F. , Rosa Fernanda A. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Zanatta Nilo , Flores Alex F.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Route for the Transformation of a Pyrimidine Ring Using Hydrazides.
Authors: Danagulyan G. G. , Tadevosyan D. A. , Tamazyan R. A. , Panosyan G. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of 2,5‐Diketopiperazines Using Microwave‐Assisted Heating.
Authors: Tullberg Marcus , Groetli Morten , Luthman Kristina
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Method for Obtaining 3‐(2,3‐Dihydroxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1,3‐cyclopentadienyl)‐2 (1H)‐quinoxalinone (IV).
Authors: Kozminykh V. O. , Goncharov V. I. , Aksenov A. V. , Kozminykh E. N. , Firgang S. I.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and SAR of Pyrrolotriazine‐4‐one‐Based Eg5 Inhibitors.
Authors: Kim Kyoung Soon , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Annulated Benzotetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides. Part 1. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4‐f][1,2,3,4]benzotetrazine 2,4,7‐ and 2,4,9‐Trioxides.
Authors: Smirnov O. Yu. , Tyurin A. Yu. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Proline/Pipecolinic Acid‐Promoted Copper‐Catalyzed P‐Arylation.
Authors: Huang Cheng , Tang Xu , Fu Hua , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Constituents from the Heartwood of Picea morrisonicola Hayata.
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Huei , Yeh Ming‐Hsi , Chang Chi‐I , Lee Ching‐Kuo , Shao Yi‐Yuan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constituents from Ixora finlarysoniana
Authors: Chauhan Deepa , Gupta Aditi , Srivastava Nidhi , Singh J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Catalytic Enantioselective, Protecting Group‐Free Total Synthesis of (+)‐Dichroanone.
Authors: McFadden Ryan M. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antimicrobial C‐Glucoside from Aerial Parts of Diospyros nigra.
Authors: Dinda Biswanath , Bhattacharya Abhijit , De Utpal Chandra , Arima Shiho , Takayanagi Hiroaki , Harigaya Yoshihiro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phenolic Glycosides from Exostema mexicanum Leaves
Authors: Froelich S. , Siems K. , Hernandez M. A. , Ibarra R. A. , Berendsohn W. G. , Jenett‐Siems K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Method for Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids and Its Application in Glycosaminoglycan Syntheses.
Authors: Huang Lijun , Teumelsan Nardos , Huang Xuefei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Synthesis of (.+‐.) and a Total Synthesis of (+)‐Epiquinamide.
Authors: Tong Sok Teng , Barker David
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis and in vitro Testing of Structurally Novel Antibiotics Derived from Acylnitroso Diels—Alder Adducts.
Authors: Nora George P. , Miller Marvin J. , Moellmann Ute
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Cancer Antiproliferative Activity of New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Hydrophilic Hydroxamates and 2‐Aminobenzamide‐Containing Derivatives.
Authors: Nagaoka Y. , Maeda T. , Kawai Y. , Nakashima D. , Oikawa T. , Shimoke K. , Ikeuchi T. , Kuwajima H. , Uesato S.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amino Substituted Analogues of 1‐Phenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2‐indolones with Potent Galanin GaI3 Receptor Binding Affinity and Improved Solubility.
Authors: Konkel Michael J. , Packiarajan Mathivanan , Chen Heidi , Topiwala Upendra P. , Jimenez Hermogenes , Talisman Ian Jamie , Coate Heather , Walker Mary W.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evaluation of Surface Acido‐Basic Properties of Inorganic‐Based Solids by Model Catalytic Alcohol Reaction Networks.
Authors: Lauron‐Pernot Helene
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nature′s Inventory of Halogenation Catalysts: Oxidative Strategies Predominate
Authors: Vaillancourt Frederic H. , Yeh Ellen , Vosburg David A. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie , Walsh Christopher T.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thiamine Models and Perspectives on the Mechanism of Action of Thiamine‐Dependent Enzymes
Authors: Malandrinos Gerasimos , Louloudi Maria , Hadjiliadis Nick
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Organogels. Soft Matter Comprised of Low‐Molecular‐Mass Organic Gelators and Organic Liquids
Authors: George Mathew , Weiss Richard G.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards Understanding, Control and Application of Layered Double Hydroxide Chemistry
Authors: Williams Gareth R. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hsp60 and Hsp10 down‐regulation predicts bronchial epithelial carcinogenesis in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cappello Francesco , Di Stefano Antonino , David Sabrina , Rappa Francesco , Anzalone Rita , La Rocca Giampiero , D'Anna Silvestro E. , Magno Francesca , Donner Claudio F. , Balbi Bruno , Zummo Giovanni
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND.

The relation between smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer (LC) is an open field of investigation. A higher frequency of adenocarcinoma has been reported in patients with COPD. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are implicated in tumoral cell growth and differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in bronchial biopsies from smokers with COPD and in 10 lung cancer patients and to evaluate the association between Hsps expression and carcinogenetic steps of LC.

METHODS.

An immunohistochemical study was performed for Hsp60 and Hsp10 in bronchial biopsies from 35 COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]: 53 ± 19% [mean ± SD]) patients with a history of smoking (53 ± 34 pack/years) and in 10 patients with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). Immunopositivity was quantified in the bronchial epithelium and in specimens with ASC.

RESULTS.

In smokers with COPD, 10 out of 35 patients had a normal bronchial epithelium (NBE), 12 showed basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), 5 squamous metaplasia (SM), and 8 dysplasia (Dy). It was found that 58 ± 23% and 54 ± 23% of NBE and 48 ± 29% and 52 ± 26% of BCH expressed Hsp60 and Hsp10, respectively; in contrast, only 3 ± 3% and 3.6 ± 2% of SM, 1.9 ± 4% and 1.1 ± 2% of Dy expressed Hsp60 and Hsp10, respectively. ASC specimens were negative for Hsps proteins. Interestingly, NBE also present at the edges of ASC specimens was negative for Hsps proteins.

CONCLUSIONS.

The loss of Hsp60 and Hsp10 immunopositivity is related to the development and progression of bronchial cancer in smokers with COPD. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Two optic flow pathways from the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali to the cerebellum in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Pakan Janelle M.P. , Wylie Douglas R.W.
Published: October 2006

Neurons in the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM) are involved in the analysis of optic flow. LM provides mossy fiber inputs to folia VI–VIII of the posterior cerebellum and IXcd of the vestibulocerebellum. Previous research has shown that the vestibulocerebellum is involved in visual‐vestibular integration supporting gaze stabilization. The function of folia VI–VIII in pigeons is not well understood; however, these folia receive input from a tectopontine system, which is likely involved with analyzing local motion as opposed to optic flow. We sought to determine whether the mossy fiber input from LM to IXcd differs from that to VI–VIII. Fluorescent retrograde tracers were injected into these folia, and the pattern of labeling in LM was observed. Large multipolar neurons were labeled throughout the rostrocaudal extent of LM. There was a clear mediolateral difference: 74.3% of LM neurons projecting to IXcd were located in the lateral subnucleus of LM (LMl), whereas 73.8% of LM neurons projecting to VI–VIII were found in medial LM (LMm). This suggests that the subnuclei of LM have differing roles. In particular, the LMl‐IXcd pathway is involved in generating the optokinetic response. We suggest that the pathway from LMm to VI–VIII is integrating optic flow and local motion to support various oculomotor and visuomotor behaviors, including obstacle avoidance during locomotion. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:732–744, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence of glutamate, glycine, and γ‐aminobutyric acid in the retina of the larval sea lamprey: Comparative immunohistochemical study of classical neurotransmitters in larval and postmetamorphic retinas
Authors: Villar‐Cerviño Verona , Abalo Xesús M. , Villar‐Cheda Begoña , Meléndez‐Ferro Miguel , Pérez‐Costas Emma , Holstein Gay R. , Martinelli Giorgio P. , Rodicio María Celina , Anadón Ramón
Published: October 2006

The neurochemistry of the retina of the larval and postmetamorphic sea lamprey was studied via immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed against the major candidate neurotransmitters [glutamate, glycine, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate, dopamine, serotonin] and the neurotransmitter‐synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Immunoreactivity to rod opsin and calretinin was also used to distinguish some retinal cells. Two retinal regions are present in larvae: the central retina, with opsin‐immunoreactive photoreceptors, and the lateral retina, which lacks photoreceptors and is mainly neuroblastic. We observed calretinin‐immunostained ganglion cells in both retinal regions; immunolabeled bipolar cells were detected in the central retina only. Glutamate immunoreactivity was present in photoreceptors, ganglion cells, and bipolar cells. Faint to moderate glycine immunostaining was observed in photoreceptors and some cells of the ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer. No GABA‐immunolabeled perikarya were observed. GABA‐immunoreactive centrifugal fibers were present in the central and lateral retina. These centrifugal fibers contacted glutamate‐immunostained ganglion cells. No aspartate, serotonin, dopamine, or TH immunoreactivity was observed in larvae, whereas these molecules, as well as GABA, glycine, and glutamate, were detected in neurons of the retina of recently transformed lamprey. Immunoreactivity to GABA was observed in outer horizontal cells, some bipolar cells, and numerous amacrine cells, whereas immunoreactivity to glycine was found in amacrine cells and interplexiform cells. Dopamine and serotonin immunoreactivity was found in scattered amacrine cells. Amacrine and horizontal cells did not express classical neurotransmitters (with the possible exception of glycine) during larval life, so transmitter‐expressing cells of the larval retina appear to participate only in the vertical processing pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:810–827, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transparent Conductive Thin Films of Sn Doped In2O3 Grown by Aerosol‐Assisted CVD Using InIII Acetylacetonate with 5 mol % SnIV Bis‐acetylacetonate Dibromide Dissolved in Acetylacetone
Authors: Suzuki A. , Maki K.
Published: October 2006

An aerosol generated by the ultrasonic oscillation of either a 0.2 M or a 0.02 M solution is supplied through two furnaces onto heated glass substrates of Corning #1737 to coat thin films of indium tin oxide (ITO; Sn‐doped In2O3). The electrical resistivity, the carrier concentration, the Hall mobility, and the optical bandgap are determined as functions of the film thickness, d. These results are independent of d for ITO using the 0.2 M solution, with values of (1–2) × 10–4 Ω cm, (1–3) × 1021 cm–3, (20–50) cm2 V–1 s–1, and 4.0∼4.1 eV, respectively. For ITO films prepared using the 0.02 M solution, the mobility decreases with increasing d of more than 50 nm, which corresponds to a lowering of the film crystallinity.
Processing and Applications of Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Hou X. , Choy K.‐L.
Published: October 2006

The aerosol‐assisted (AA) CVD method involves the atomization of a precursor solution into fine, sub‐micrometer‐sized aerosol droplets which are delivered to a heated reaction zone and undergo evaporation, decomposition, and homogeneous and/or heterogeneous chemical reactions to form the desired products. As a variant of conventional CVD processes, AACVD addresses the availability and delivery problems of the chemical precursors. A wide range of precursors can be used since volatility is no longer crucial, offering more possibilities to produce high‐quality CVD products at low cost. Some variants of AACVD have also been developed, such as AA combustion (C) CVD, electrostatic spray‐assisted vapor deposition (ESAVD), and electrostatic‐assisted aerosol jet deposition (EAAJD). These variants provide additional flexibility and capability to the AACVD‐based processes. AACVD‐based processes have attracted increasing interest in most of the CVD‐related areas, and have been widely used to synthesize various films, coatings, powders, composites, nanotubes and nanowires, etc. This review highlights the principles, applications, and recent progress of AACVD‐based processes.
Special Issue on Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Choy Kwang‐Leong
Published: October 2006

As a variant of conventional CVD, AACVD involves atomization of a liquid precursor into fine aerosol droplets that are delivered to a heated zone where evaporation, decomposition, and subsequent CVD reactions occur. In this editorial, Guest Editor Kwang‐Leong Choy provides a brief overview of the articles in this Special Issue and some of the recent advances in this dynamic field.
Ausführung von Planziegel‐Mauerwerk mit Dünnbettmörtel
Authors: Schubert Peter , Meyer Udo
Published: October 2006

Der Anteil an Dünnbettmauerwerk nimmt aus gutem Grunde ständig zu: Dünnbettmauerwerk weist im Vergleich zu anderem Mauerwerk i. d. R. deutlich höhere Festigkeiten auf, die Formänderungen sind geringer, der Putzgrund ist homogener und die Herstellung des Mauerwerks erfolgt mit wesentlich weniger Zeitaufwand und damit kostenminimiert. Voraussetzung dafür, daß diese Vorteile auch tatsächlich eintreffen, sind die notwendige geringe Maßtoleranz der Mauersteine, der sachgerechte Auftrag des Dünnbettmörtels und die Einhaltung der sonstigen Ausführungsregeln nach DIN 1053‐1. Außerdem muß der Putzgrund – wie bei anderem Mauerwerk auch – bestimmten Anforderungen genügen, wie z. B. ausreichende Ebenheit und Geschlossenheit der Oberfläche, keine schädlichen Formänderungen und Fehlstellen, und er muß frostfrei und darf nicht durchnäßt sein.

In der letzten Zeit sind gelegentlich Unklarheiten hinsichtlich der Anforderungen an Planziegel‐Mauerwerk mit Dünnbettmörtel sowie vermeintliche Mängel und deren Auswirkung aufgetreten. Der folgende Beitrag soll Klarheit zu dieser Thematik bringen.
Cover Picture: An Expedient Route to New Spiroheterocycles: Synthesis and Structural Studies (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 21/2006)
Authors: Goubert Marlène , Canet Isabelle , Sinibaldi Marie‐Eve
Published: October 2006

The cover picture shows an original and efficient approach to chiral 1,4,7,10‐tetraoxa‐ and 1,7‐dioxa‐4,10‐dithiaspiro[5.5]undecanes, involving a double substitution of a thiolate or an alcoholate on 1,3‐dichloropropanone O‐benzyloxime followed by a “one‐pot” deprotection−spirocyclization process. The structure and configurations of all the synthesized spiroheterocycles were unambiguously established on the basis of NMR experiments. Details are discussed in the article by M. Goubert, I. Canet and M.‐E. Sinibaldi on p. 4805 ff.
Design, test and analysis of a light‐weight dissipative bracing system for seismic protection of structures
Authors: Renzi Emanuele , Perno Salvatore , Pantanella Silvia , Ciampi Vincenzo
Published: October 2006

The paper deals with the proposal and the experimental validation of a novel dissipative bracing system for the seismic protection of structures; compared with other similar systems, it is characterized by smaller size and weight, which makes it easier to move and to install, as well as particularly suitable to be inserted in light‐framed structures (e.g. steel structures of industrial plants).

The proposed system consists of an articulated quadrilateral with steel dissipaters inserted, to be connected by tendons to frame joints; the prototypes have been designed and realized for the seismic protection of a two‐storey, large‐scale, steel frame, specially designed for shaking‐table tests.

The paper, after an illustration of the system, and of its design and behaviour, presents the shaking‐table tests carried out. The experimental results have fully validated the proposed system, showing its good performance in controlling the seismic response of framed structures.

A numerical non‐linear model, set up and validated on the basis of the physical tests, has been used to help interpreting the experimental results, but also to perform parametrical studies for investigating the influence of the design parameters on the performance of the control system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new transmission pricing approach for the electricity cross‐border trade in the ASEAN Power Grid
Authors: Adsoongnoen C. , Ongsakul W. , Maurer C. , Haubrich H.‐J.
Published: October 2006

The electricity cross‐border trade is presently introduced among the member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is a plan to interconnect transmission networks among the ASEAN countries to optimize the use of energy resources; to operate the power network in an efficient, economical, and reliable manner; and to provide a close relation among the member countries by electric power interconnection. Transmission pricing is one of the controversial tasks to achieve the APG objectives. In this paper, a transmission pricing method for the electricity cross‐border trade based on a combination of postage stamp method and sensitivity indices is proposed. The postage stamp pricing is a uniform tariff expected to recover the project investments, and the operation and maintenance costs. With the combination of the postage stamp method and sensitivity indices, the proposed pricing method sends proper incentive signals to power traders, which are based on system usage and congestion management. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to a 12‐bus test system. The nodal tariffs at the particular injecting points, payments of the users, and revenues of transmission owners are computed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method ensures a recovery of the investment costs and the concurrent costs of operation and maintenance in an efficient, fair, and simple manner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of chromosomal changes in serous ovarian carcinoma using high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization: Potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease
Authors: Kim Sang Wun , Kim Jae Wook , Kim Young Tae , Kim Jae Hoon , Kim Sunghoon , Yoon Bo Sung , Nam Eun Ji , Kim Hye Yeon
Published: October 2006

The mechanism of drug resistance in cancer is multifactorial, and the accumulation of multiple genetic changes may lead to drug‐resistant phenotypes. This study sought to determine characteristic genetic changes in chemoresistant serous ovarian carcinomas using high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and identified genomic aberrations that could be used as predictive markers of chemoresistant disease. Seventeen primary ovarian tumors from optimally debulked stage IIIc serous ovarian carcinoma patients were analyzed using aCGH. Ten patients had chemoresistant disease (progression within 12 months of initial chemotherapy), whereas seven patients had chemosensitive disease (no recurrence for more than 36 months). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to select chromosomal aberrations that could help distinguish chemoresistant disease from chemosensitive disease. In 17 tumors, frequent increases in DNA copy number were seen on 1p36.33, 3q26.2, 8q24.3, 10q26.3, 12p11.21, 20q13.33, and 21q22.3, and frequent losses were observed on 4p12, 5q13.2, 7q11.21, 8p23.1, 14q32.33, Xq13.3, and Xq21.31. The gains on 5p15.33 and 14q11.2, and losses on 4q34.2, 4q35.2, 5q15, 8p21.1, 8p21.2, 11p15.5, 13q14.13, 13q14.2, 13q32.1, 13q34, 16q22.2, 17p11.2, 17p12, and 22q12.3 were more frequent in chemoresistant disease. The losses on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 had the largest areas under the curve (AUC 0.90 and 0.85, respectively). The most reliable combination of chromosomal aberrations for detecting chemoresistant disease was the loss on 13q32.1 and 8p21.1 (AUC 0.950). Our findings suggest that these chromosomal aberrations are potential predictive markers of chemoresistant disease in patients with serous ovarian carcinomas. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QUALIDEM: development and evaluation of a dementia specific quality of life instrument––validation
Authors: Ettema Teake P. , Dröes Rose‐Marie , de Lange Jacomine , Mellenbergh Gideon J. , Ribbe Miel W.
Published: October 2006

Objective

To validate the QUALIDEM, a quality of life measure for people with dementia within residential settings rated by professional caregivers.

Method

In a sample of 202 residents of nursing homes Spearman rank correlations were calculated between the QUALIDEM subscales aand indices of convergent validity and discriminant validity, with dementia severity and need of care, with global QOL scores by the head nurse and family, and with self‐report on COOP/WONCA Charts.

Results

The one‐method multi‐trait matrix showed 90.5% of the correlations to be in support for convergent and discriminant validity. Low to moderate correlations were observed with dementia severity and need of care, confirming that QOL is not merely disease severity. Support for concurrent validity was found in correlations with QOL ratings by the head nurse. The QUALIDEM did not correlate with most of the family ratings or with the COOP/WONCA Charts.

Conclusion

The results of this validation study together with the obtained content validity through the method of construction provide sufficient support for validity of the QUALIDEM to be used for care evaluation and research in residential settings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TANGO is a tumor suppressor of malignant melanoma
Authors: Arndt Stephanie , Bosserhoff Anja K.
Published: October 2006

The TANGO gene was originally identified as a new family member of the melanoma inhibitory activity gene family. The gene codes for a 14 kDa protein of so far unknown function. In our study we revealed that TANGO was downregulated or lost in 9 melanoma cell lines when compared to normal melanocytes and in most of the 8 tumor samples analyzed. The losses were associated with advanced stage of the disease. These results were confirmed in situ by immunohistochemistry on 10 paraffin‐embedded sections of human malignant melanoma primary tumors and melanoma skin metastases. A small reduction of TANGO was also seen in different benign and atypical nevi when compared to normal skin. For functional analysis of TANGO we evaluated TANGO re‐expressing melanoma cell clones and antisense TANGO cell clones with a complete loss of TANGO. Functional assays with TANGO transfected or treated cell lines revealed that TANGO expression reduces motility, whereas reduction of TANGO enhances migration. Our studies, therefore, indicate that reduction of TANGO expression contributes to tumor progression. These results taken together provide the first indications for a tumor suppressor role of TANGO gene in human malignant melanoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation during the inhalation exposure of guinea‐pigs to industrial dust on bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary enzymes
Authors: Kováčiková Zuzana , Ginter Emil
Published: October 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between ascorbic acid (AA) and inhaled particles separated from the dumped waste of a nickel smelter and refinery. Tricoloured male guinea pigs were exposed in an inhalation chamber to 50 mg kg−1 of <5 μm particles that mainly consisted of metal oxides. Exposure lasted for 4 weeks (5 days per week and 5 h per day). The drinking water of half of the exposed and half of the control groups was supplemented with 1 g l−1 AA. Each group received 0.4 mmol kg−1 AA in their food. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased the pulmonary AA concentration in both exposed and control groups to the same extent, but in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid the increase was higher in control than in exposed guniea pigs. The number of alveolar macrophages was increased by exposure and AA increased the number only in the exposed group; the acid phosphatase activity of the alveolar macrophages was increased only by AA, and more in the exposed than in the control group. Alkaline phosphatase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was the same in both supplemented groups, but it was enhanced in the exposed group with a low intake of AA. Effects on lactate dehydrogenase were not consistent. Neither exposure nor AA influenced significantly this enzyme in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but in the lung both AA and exposure caused an increase in the activity. The levels were similar in the AA‐treated control and exposed guinea pigs.
Cytogenetic effects of rifampicin in somatic and germinal cells of the mouse
Authors: Aboul‐Ela E. I.
Published: October 2006

The genotoxicity of rifampicin was tested for sister chromatic exchange in bone marrow cells and for structural chromosomal aberrations in mouse germ cells.

Sister chromatid exchange frequency increased after 160, 240 and 310 mg kg−1 body wt. doses but not after 80 mg kg−1. In spermatocytes, 80 mg kg−1 rifampicin increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations from the 3.5% control level to 14% after 1 day and 34.5% after 7 days.
Exposures to carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and their mixtures: Interrelationship between gas exposure concentration, time to incapacitation, carboxyhemoglobin and blood cyanide in rats
Authors: Chaturvedi Arvind K. , Sanders Donald C. , Endecott Boyd R. , Ritter Roxane M.
Published: October 2006

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are generated during aircraft interior fires in sufficient amounts to incapacitate cabin occupants. For typical post‐crash and in‐flight fires, minimum protection periods of 5 and 35 min, respectively, have been suggested for breathing devices to protect the occupants from smoke. Relationships of blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and cyanide (CN−) levels to incapacitation have not been well defined for these gases. Therefore, time to incapacitation (ti) and blood COHb and CN− at incapacitation were examined in rats exposed to CO (5706 ppm for 5‐min ti; 1902 ppm for 35‐min ti), HCN (184 ppm for 5‐min ti; 64 ppm for 35‐min ti) and their mixtures (equipotent concentrations of each gas that produced 5‐ and 35‐min ti). Blood CO and HCN uptakes were evaluated at the two concentrations of each gas. With either gas, variation in ti was higher for the 35‐min ti than the 5‐min ti. The COHb level reached a plateau prior to incapacitation at both CO concentrations, and COHb levels at the 5‐ and 35‐min ti were different from each other. Blood CN− increased as a function of both HCN concentration and exposure time, but CN− at the 5‐min ti was half of the 35‐min ti CN− level. The HCN uptake at the high concentration was about three times that at the low concentration. In the high concentration CO–HCN mixture, ti was shortened from 5 to 2.6 min; COHb dropped from 81 to 55% and blood CN− from 2.3 to 1.1 μg ml−1. At the low‐concentration CO–HCN mixture, where ti was reduced from 35 to 11.1 min, COHb decreased from 71 to 61% and blood CN− from 4.2 to 1.1 μg ml−1. Any alteration in the uptake of either gas by the presence of the other was minimal. Our findings suggest that specific levels of blood COHb and CN− cannot be correlated directly with the incapacitation onset and that post‐mortem blood COHb and CN− levels should be evaluated carefully in fire victims.
A 25 nm virion is the likely cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Authors: Manuelidis Laura
Published: October 2006

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) such as endemic sheep scrapie, sporadic human Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD), and epidemic bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) may all be caused by a unique class of “slow” viruses. This concept remains the most parsimonious explanation of the evidence to date, and correctly predicted the spread of the BSE agent to vastly divergent species. With the popularization of the prion (infectious protein) hypothesis, substantial data pointing to a TSE virus have been largely ignored. Yet no form of prion protein (PrP) fulfills Koch's postulates for infection. Pathologic PrP is not proportional to, or necessary for infection, and recombinant and “amplified” prions have failed to produce significant infectivity. Moreover, the “wealth of data” claimed to support the existence of infectious PrP are increasingly contradicted by experimental observations, and cumbersome speculative notions, such as spontaneous PrP mutations and invisible strain‐specific forms of “infectious PrP” are proposed to explain the incompatible data. The ability of many “slow” viruses to survive harsh environmental conditions and enzymatic assaults, their stealth invasion through protective host‐immune defenses, and their ability to hide in the host and persist for many years, all fit nicely with the characteristics of TSE agents. Highly infectious preparations with negligible PrP contain nucleic acids of 1–5 kb, even after exhaustive nuclease digestion. Sedimentation as well as electron microscopic data also reveal spherical infectious particles of 25–35 nm in diameter. This particle size can accommodate a viral genome of 1–4 kb, sufficient to encode a protective nucleocapsid and/or an enzyme required for its replication. Host PrP acts as a cellular facilitator for infectious particles, and ultimately accrues pathological amyloid features. A most significant advance has been the development of tissue culture models that support the replication of many different strains of agent and can produce high levels of infectivity. These models provide new ways to rapidly identify intrinsic viral and strain‐specific molecules so important for diagnosis, prevention, and fundamental understanding. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 897–915, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch2 negatively regulates myofibroblastic differentiation of myoblasts
Authors: Ono Yusuke , Sensui Hiroomi , Okutsu Saeko , Nagatomi Ryoichi
Published: October 2006

Myofibroblasts are one of the key cellular components involved in fibrosis of skeletal muscle as well as in other tissues. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) stimulates differentiation of mesenchymal cells into myofibroblasts, but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of myofibroblastic differentiation. Since Notch2 was shown to be downregulated in TGF‐β1‐induced non‐muscle fibrogenic tissue, we investigated whether Notch2 also has a distinctive role in myofibroblastic differentiation of myogenic cells induced by TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 treatment of C2C12 myoblasts led to expression of myofibroblastic marker α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and collagen I with concomitant downregulation of Notch2 expression. Overexpression of active Notch2 inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced expression of α‐SMA and collagen I. Interestingly, transient knockdown of Notch2 by siRNA in C2C12 myoblasts and primary cultured muscle‐derived progenitor cells resulted in differentiation into myofibroblastic cells expressing α‐SMA and collagen I without TGF‐β1 treatment. Furthermore, we found Notch3 was counter‐regulated by Notch2 in C2C12 cells. These findings suggest that Notch2 is inhibiting differentiation of myoblasts into myofibroblasts with downregulation of Notch3 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 358–369, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of HIF prolyl hydroxylase isozymes in growth plate chondrocytes: Relationship between maturation and apoptotic sensitivity
Authors: Terkhorn S.P. , Bohensky J. , Shapiro I.M. , Koyama E. , Srinivas V.
Published: October 2006

The overall goal of the current study was to examine the functional activity of the prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) in maturing chondrocytes. Herein, we show for the first time that the PHDs are expressed in the maturing zone of the growth plate, and by a chondrocytic cell line. We determined if this protein and its substrate, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, modulated the induction of apoptosis. Using a chondrocyte cell line that matured in culture, we inhibited HIF‐1α expression using siRNA technology and pharmacologically blocked PHD activity. We noted that PHD suppression sensitized the cells to an apoptotic challenge with H2O2. We next examined the interplay between the PHDs and HIF‐1α by suppressing HIF‐1α and blocking PHD activity. We noted reduced killing when the mature HIF‐silenced cells were challenged with H2O2. In contrast, there was limited change in the viability of immature cells. Based on these differences in chondrocyte susceptibility, it is concluded that HIF‐1α sensitizes maturing cells to H2O2‐mediated killing. We next determined if this change in the viability of the PHD‐inhibited cells was linked to changes in activation of caspase‐3. It was noted that there was a minimal change in enzyme activity of the PHD‐inhibited HIF‐1α suppressed cells. Finally, we found that as the chondrocytes mature, the activities of catalase and SOD were significantly reduced and that there was a decrease in the levels of Bcl‐2 and BclXL. This loss of protective activity together with the changes mediated by HIF would be expected to generate conditions that would favor the induction of chondrocyte apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 257–265, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell number‐dependent regulation of Hsp70B′ expression: Evidence of an extracellular regulator
Authors: Noonan Emily J. , Place Robert F. , Rasoulpour Reza J. , Giardina Charles , Hightower Lawrence E.
Published: October 2006

Hsp70B′ is a unique member of the human Hsp70 family of chaperones about which information is scarce. Unlike the major inducible Hsp72 protein, Hsp70B′ is strictly inducible having little or no basal expression levels in most cells. We observed that Hsp70B′ appears transiently in response to heat stress whereas Hsp72 levels persist for many days. Also, Hsp70B′ is optimally induced when cell numbers are low, whereas Hsp72 levels are greatest at higher cell number. Hsp70B′ promoter activation was measured by flow cytometry using an Hsp70B′ promoter‐driven GFP construct. In heat stressed cells, promoter activation is cell number independent over a broad range. However, when cell number increases beyond a certain population size, cells are less stress inducible for Hsp70B′ and induction becomes highly cell number‐dependent. Cell number differences in Hsp70 activation cannot be explained by changes in Hsf‐1 DNA‐binding activity or hyperphosphorylation. Cells with few or no cell matrix attachments (laminin‐coated and low attachment plates, respectively) appear to be more sensitive to cell number‐dependent inhibition. Medium conditioned by the low cell number (LCN) populations supports increased Hsp70B′ promoter activation in high cell number (HCN) cultures. Likewise, medium conditioned in HCN culture conditions causes decreased activation of Hsp70B′ promoter in LCN cultures. As HCN‐conditioned medium has all the components necessary for cell growth, two possibilities for the activation of Hsp70B′ gene expression exist: an inhibitory component that accumulates in culture medium at HCN, or an activator that accumulates at LCN. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 201–211, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.