bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Pressure Cell for In Situ Grazing Incidence XAS Characterization of Model Catalysts on Planar Supports
Authors: Phadke Sumant , Coroa João , Abbas Imran , Yin Jinlong , Grandjean Didier , Janssens Ewald , Safonova Olga V.
Published: October 2024

The growing interest in physically deposited model catalysts for uncovering complex structure‐activity relationships is spurred by the possibility of depositing nanoparticles of precise atomic structure and composition using cluster‐beam sources. However, the limitations accompanying these synthesis techniques, such as low deposition rates and flat sample geometry, present a challenge for in situ structural characterization using bulk‐sensitive methods, such as X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), especially at elevated pressures (1–100 bar). To overcome this challenge, we constructed an in situ XAS cell operating in a grazing incidence (GI) geometry. The GIXAS cell was used to investigate the structure of cluster‐beam‐generated Pd and Au0.3Ag0.7 nanoparticles under CO2‐to‐methanol hydrogenation conditions (230 °C, 20 bar, CO2:H2=1 : 3). These nanoparticles, with metal loading of 0.96–10 μg cm−2, demonstrated stability and resistance to sintering upon activation in H2 at 120 °C and catalytic conditions, revealed by in situ XAS. The promising results from our work will help bridge the gap in the investigation of model catalytic materials produced by gas‐phase cluster deposition at industrially relevant pressures and temperatures, which is vital for a mechanistic understanding of catalytic processes.
Modeling of Inscribed Dual Band Circular Fractal Antenna for Wi‐Fi Application Using Descartes Circle Theorem
Authors: Palanisamy SatheeshKumar , Vaddinuri Anitha R. , Khan Arfat Ahmad , Faheem Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the modeling of a dual‐band circular fractal antenna designed for Wi‐Fi applications by utilizing the Descartes Circle Theorem. The antenna's geometry is characterized by self‐similar fractal patterns, enabling enhanced performance in dual frequency bands relevant to Wi‐Fi communication. Current research is trending towards the development of antennas capable of operating across various Wi‐Fi bands, and the emerging 6 GHz band. In this article, there is also a focus on achieving ultra‐wideband functionality to cater to the requirements of future wireless technologies. Incorporation with Circuits and Systems: Ongoing efforts are directed at seamlessly integrating these antennas with RF circuits and communication systems to enhance their practical utility and applicability. The exploration of unconventional fractal shapes and the utilization of advanced optimization algorithms present promising avenues for enhancing antenna performance and achieving miniaturization. This research contributes to the advancement of compact and efficient antenna designs for wireless communication systems. Detailed considerations are given to the 2.4 and 5.55 GHz bands to ensure compatibility with standard Wi‐Fi protocols. The designed circular fractal antenna is compared with the conventional circular patch antenna and the results were analyzed. At the resonating frequency of 2.4 and 5.55 GHz, circular patch antenna has a reflection coefficient (S11) of −18.1 and −13.51, respectively with a peak gain of 3.6 dBi, whereas, the designed circular fractal antenna shows an improved reflection coefficient, S11 of −22.0 and −15.5 dB at the same resonating frequency with a peak gain of 11.7920 dBi. The radiation pattern shows that the antenna radiated in unidirectional pattern with the front‐to‐back ratio of 101.4 which is higher than circular patch antenna. The miniaturized antenna is fabricated through photo etching process, tested, and validated.
Global initiatives and challenges in integrating artificial intelligence literacy in elementary education: Mapping policies and empirical literature
Authors: Yeter Ibrahim H. , Yang Weipeng , Sturgess Joshita B.
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated most facets of life in the 21st century and has rapidly transformed various aspects of modern society. From entertainment to education, these advanced technologies have achieved a high level of competency in skills that once necessitated human involvement. Given AI's potential impact, ensuring students are literate in AI will support the careful integration of these advanced technologies to achieve sustainable development goals. This review hence examines the avenues for integrating AI literacy into elementary education by analyzing current global initiatives focused on implementing AI literacy education. The purpose is to support innovations within the educational framework to develop a universally accessible AI literacy education program. In line with this purpose, this study explores worldwide AI literacy initiatives that use hands‐on activities, collaborative learning, and project‐based learning to introduce AI fundamentals to diverse learners. Limitations on the provision of AI literacy education are also discussed, including professional development, openness to AI tools, and other challenges. This review aims to inform global efforts to support universal access to AI literacy education, which can ensure equitable outcomes for all learners, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to support the development and delivery of quality AI literacy education.
Reimagining higher education: The impact of learner outcome metrics in Ireland and beyond
Authors: Dunne Gerry
Published: October 2024

A college is an institution that exists to provide instruction. Subtly but profoundly, we are shifting to a new paradigm: a college is an institution that exists to produce learning (Barr & Tagg, 1995, p. 13). This paper traces the evolution of learner outcomes, from their progeny as a diagnostic tool in accurately measuring learning gains and facilitating institutional self‐improvement, to their present distorted incarnation, in propagating “governance by numbers”. The paper proceeds in a number of steps. Firstly, it begins with a brief contextualization of the topography of higher education. It then moves to explore the OECD influences regarding quantifying outcomes and aligning them with performance metrics. From here, it looks to EU deliberations in the shape of the Bologna Process with its enduring iterations, the purpose of which benchmarks HEIs' (higher education institutions) success against the successful achievement of learner outcomes. To conclude, taking the example of the Irish funding and strategy, Hunt Report (National Strategy for Higher Education to 2030), I provide an explanatory account detailing how this “learning outcomes race” and its association with “success metrics” within the higher education landscape is mistaken and harmful.
Toward a comprehensive understanding of massive open online course adoption among college students
Authors: Huang Qiongzhen , Li Shan , Du Yuxia
Published: October 2024

This paper investigated the factors affecting the behavioral intention (BI) and usage behavior (UB) of 548 Chinese college students in massive open online courses (MOOCs). We extended the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model by incorporating self‐regulated learning (SRL) management, perceived pleasure (PP), and perceived cost constructs. This study also analyzed the moderating role of individual differences in gender, grade, major, and experience in MOOCs. Data were collected through both offline surveys across 10 universities and an online survey platform. Results from structural equation modeling and multi‐linear regression analyses revealed that students' BI was significantly and positively influenced by six factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions (FC), social influence, SRL management (SM), and PP. Furthermore, we found that UB was predicted by BI, FC, and SM. Moreover, BI played a mediating role in the relationship between the two determining variables (i.e., FC and SM) and UB. Differences in MOOC experience level had a moderation effect. The study provided implications for various stakeholders regarding designing MOOC platforms, structures, and teaching activities.
The SRC/NF‐κB‐AKT/NOS3 axis as a key mediator of Kaempferol's protective effects against oxidative stress‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Shen Jiaming , Hu Chunjie , Wang Yuelong , Tan Yiying , Gao Xiaochen , Zhang Nanxi , Lv Jingwei , Sun Jiaming
Published: October 2024

Background

Osteoclasts are integral to the advancement of osteoporosis (OP), and their generation under conditions of oxidative stress (OS) involves various pathways. However, the specific mechanism through which the natural antioxidant kaempferol (KAE) mitigates the influence of OS on osteoclasts remains somewhat uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of KAE on osteoclast formation under OS and explore its possible mechanism.

Methods

Zebrafish were used to observe the effects of KAE on OP and OS. OP and OS "double disease targets" network pharmacology were used to predict the action target and mechanism of KAE on OP under OS. The effects of KAE on osteoclast differentiation induced by OS were evaluated using RWA264.7 cells induced by LPS. To elucidate the potential mechanism, we detected the expression of related factors and target genes during induction.

Results

The presence of KAE exhibited potential in improving the conditions of OP and OS in zebrafish. KAE can reduce the OS of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS, inhibit the formation of osteoclasts, and change the level of related factors of OS, and reduce the increase of TRAP. The utilization of network pharmacology and target gene expression assay revealed that KAE exerted a down‐regulatory effect on the expression of proto‐oncogene tyrosine protein kinase (SRC), nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), Serine/Threonine Kinase‐1 (AKT1), Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) and Matrix Metallopeptidase‐2 (MMP2).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, KAE may effectively mitigate OS and impede the formation of osteoclasts through the SRC/NF‐κB‐AKT/NOS3 axis.
Read STOP Write: Teaching foundational skills in a multicomponent informational reading and writing intervention
Authors: Strong John Z. , Tortorelli Laura S. , Anderson Blythe E.
Published: October 2024

Many adolescent readers experience difficulties comprehending informational text, which may result from underlying difficulties with foundational skills (e.g., word recognition and fluency), knowledge demands (e.g., background, text structure, and vocabulary), and/or reading motivation. Supplemental interventions for adolescents targeting only foundational skills demonstrate mixed results, but multicomponent interventions that combine multisyllabic decoding, fluency, and comprehension strategies that build word and world knowledge to support complex text reading can improve foundational skills and comprehension for students in upper‐elementary and middle grades. In this article, we describe how prior research informed the design of Read STOP Write, a multicomponent intervention for students in grades 4–9. Read STOP Write integrates instruction in multisyllabic decoding, fluency, and vocabulary with comprehension instruction focused on building knowledge and using text structures to read and write about science and social studies texts. We summarize research conducted in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms and discuss implications for teachers of adolescents.
Implementation of Ultrasound‐Guided Cannulation Training Across Eight NHSBT Therapeutic Apheresis Units in England
Authors: Putensen Daniel , Ntakirutimana Samuel , Lyon Marc , Audsley Bridget , Newbound Nicola
Published: October 2024

Ultrasound‐guided cannulation (USGC) of a peripheral vein reduces the need for central vascular access device (CVAD) placement to perform a successful apheresis procedure. Effective training of healthcare professionals to acquire this skill is essential. Here, we report on the implementation of the USGC training across eight apheresis units in England. A 3‐h introductory training program was devised with theoretical and practical elements. This was followed by supervised USGC practices on any patient ≥ 18 years old, regardless of venous status. Data on all supervised USGC attempts were recorded and analyzed. Over an 11‐month period, 11 nurses were trained to USGC competency with another six nurses still in training, resulting in seven out of eight units having at least one USGC‐competent nurse. In one unit, USGC training has not started yet. Three hundred sixty‐one supervised USGC episodes on 168 patients and donors took place; of these, 178 were done for training purposes only on patients who had visible and palpable veins, 179 USGC were done on patients with difficult venous status and four were not recorded. The period from first supervised USGC to competency was a median of 45 days (Range: 17–166 days), with a median of 15 successful (Range: 10–30) and two unsuccessful (Range: 1–15) USGC being performed per trainee. The placement of 57 CVADs and 41 multiple cannulation attempts have been avoided. USGC is a useful tool to reduce the need for CVAD. Training across multiple apheresis units is a lengthy procedure, but it can be successfully implemented.
Exploring the Link between Serum Klotho and High‐Frequency Hearing Loss in Older Adults
Authors: Yan Jingchao , Li Ling , Ye Qing , Huang Taomin
Published: October 2024

Objective

Klotho is a protein with various biological functions, including anti‐aging effects. Although research suggests Klotho plays a key role in auditory function, the relationship between serum Klotho levels and high‐frequency hearing loss (HFHL) in older adults remains unclear.

Methods

We analyzed data from individuals aged 70–79 years participating in the 2009–2010 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between serum Klotho levels and HFHL. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to evaluate linearity and examine the dose–response relationship. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses to evaluate the consistency of this relationship across various subgroups.

Results

In this study of 422 elderly individuals aged 70–79 years (mean age 73.8 years, with 47.4% male participants), the median serum Klotho concentration was 754.6 pg/mL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis consistently demonstrated that higher serum Klotho levels were associated with a reduced risk of HFHL across various models (ORs: 0.24–0.32, p = 0.020–0.028). Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear negative association between serum Klotho levels and HFHL risk, with a p‐value for nonlinearity of 0.474. Subgroup analyses did not reveal any statistically significant interactions modifying this relationship.

Conclusion

Serum Klotho levels are inversely associated with the risk of HFHL.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1169–1176, 2025
Allograft Nerve Repair of a Transected Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve With Voice and Singing Recovery
Authors: Johnson Ariel C. , Esch Elena M. , Le Elliot L.H. , Fink Daniel S. , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: October 2024

Recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries can occur during thyroid and neck procedures or similar interventions. Immediate nerve repair when possible is preferred to both faciliate the repair and allow timely recovery of the muscle. Here, we report a case of transected left recurrent laryngeal nerve repaired by allograft nerve interposition with excellent return of speaking and singing voice with vocal cord function. Laryngoscope, 135:1086–1089, 2025
Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic Lactide by Racemic Organo‐Catalyst at Room Temperature: Direct Access to Stereocomplex Polylactides
Authors: Lone Mohammad Umer , Roy Raj Kumar
Published: October 2024

The stereoregularity of poly(lactide) (PLA) plays a significant role in its physicochemical properties. In recent years, various metallic and nonmetallic catalysts have been developed. Organic catalysts, in particular, have garnered attention due to their potential use in biomedical applications, making them safer options. This study presents the design of a cost‐effective thiourea‐based racemic organocatalyst [(rac‐TU)Me] and its effective utilization in ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide. Using the catalyst and optimized base (N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylamine), ROP in dichloromethane achieved 98% monomer conversion and controlled molecular weights in 48 h. The polylactides obtained using this catalyst exhibited moderate tacticity, with a Pm value ranging from 0.71 to 0.78. The bulk structure of synthesized poly(lactic acid) (PLAs) is extensively studied using DSC, FTIR, and WAXS. The DSC analysis indicated stereoregular PLAs synthesized from rac‐lactide exhibited a higher melting transition than isotactic PLAs. Furthermore, the FTIR and WAXS studies revealed characteristic peaks and patterns typically associated with stereocomplex PLAs. These analytical results confirm the stereocomplex bulk structures of these PLAs synthesized using this organic catalyst [(rac‐TU)Me].
Polymeric Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review on Stability, Safety, and Biocompatibility
Authors: Raghav Arvind , Rastogi Vaibhav , Chandra Phool , Prabahar A. Elphine , Verma Amit Kumar , Saxena Urvashi , Durgapal Sumit , Singh Bhavana , Verma Anurag
Published: October 2024

Transdermal drug delivery systems have received a lot of attention due to their noninvasive nature and possible advantages over standard drug administration methods. Because transdermal administration systems skip the gastrointestinal tract and hence avoid hepatic first pass metabolism, also the chance of adverse effects such as liver malfunction and gastrointestinal tract discomfort is low. This comprehensive review explores the various aspects of polymeric advancements in transdermal drug delivery, encompassing their roles as matrix and microreservoir formers, microneedles, pressure sensitive adhesives, rate controlling membranes, and many other components. The article emphasizes the importance of biocompatibility, chemical compatibility, and stability of polymers within the transdermal delivery system. Furthermore, it delves into the recent advancements in synthetic and natural polymer‐based transdermal drug delivery systems. Thus, a comprehensive search strategy is conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to write this review paper. The scope of this investigation involves an in‐depth study of the various polymeric materials used, their formulations, and the mechanisms that support their efficacy in delivering medications over the skin barrier. Additionally, it explores the challenges associated with stability and safety concerns, while highlighting novel approaches to overcome these problems. Furthermore, the review discusses the biocompatibility of polymeric materials, crucial for ensuring minimal adverse effects and maximum therapeutic efficacy.
Evaluating the Transmission Type Reference Chamber for Small Field Dosimetry
Authors: Sait A. Aziz , Yoganathan S. A. , Dev Nilay , Rastogi Nikhil , Pandey S. P. , Mani Sunil , Boopathy Raghavendiran
Published: October 2024

To assess the efficacy of a transmission‐type parallel plane reference chamber (T‐REF) for small‐field percentage depth dose (PDD) measurements using two high‐resolution detectors. The study utilizes microSilicon and microDiamond detectors for small‐field measurements, both with and without a T‐REF reference chamber. TrueBeam linear accelerator provides various photon energies (6X, 6XFFF, 10X, 10XFFF) for depth dose measurements. A sun‐nuclear 3D water tank is used to measure the PDD up to a depth of 15 cm. Analysis of the data includes a 1D gamma passing rate calculated using an in‐house MATLAB program. The study compares the PDD measurements obtained with and without the T‐REF. The T‐REF exhibits negligible beam perturbations across different field sizes and energies. The overall maximum mean PDD differences are 0.31 ± 0.16% for microSilicon and 0.33 ± 0.17% for microdiamond. The overall mean 1D gamma passing rate is 99.6 ± 0.2%. This study demonstrates that the T‐REF is a reliable and effective reference detector for small‐field radiation dosimetry.
Adsorption Effects of Isoniazid Drug Over Carbon Nanotube (C56H16) and Ab‐Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation (ADMP) – A Computational Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Singh Vijay , Mishra Gaurav , Dwivedi Apoorva
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly disease of global concern. The previous work studies the geometric optimization, vibrational analysis, TDDFT, and electronic properties of the TB pathogen drug isoniazid (ISO). This communication will discuss the changes in geometry, electronic properties, and shielding parameters of ISO‐absorbed carbon nanotube (CNT) (CNT‐ISO, C56H16). This study has used the DFT/B3LYP/6–311G (d, p) method for the first time to report ISO's electronic structure and interaction parameters on the CNT surface. The same level theory is used to discuss the thermodynamic stability of CNT‐ISO. The calculated UV spectra of CNT are compared with UV spectra of CNT‐ISO by using the same level theory in a water solvent, which provides a better comprehension of CNT as a drug delivery system after absorption of the ISO in the human body. The nature and strength of interactions have been discussed with the help of NBO and AIM analysis, and the frontier orbital highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gap, chemical softness, and chemical hardness have been calculated to understand its complete chemical properties. The characters of the frontier molecular orbitals are discussed and analyzed by comparing the DOS spectra of CNT with CNT‐ISO. It has also examined the scan plot of interaction with time using ab‐initio dynamics simulation (ADMP) calculations.
Molybdenum Disulfide–Zinc Oxide Mixed Phase Network as Water Purifier
Authors: Dhariwal Anjali , Banerjee Diptoni , Prabahar A. E.
Published: October 2024

The present work reports the development of oxide‐sulfide hybrid by simple hydrothermal process where zinc oxide (ZnO) prepared by simple chemical process is added in situ during the growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by hydrothermal process. The as prepared sample is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). XRD confirms the coexistence of both ZnO and MoS2 in the sample whereas FESEM shows that fractal kind of sulfide structures get developed over ZnO rod. EDX carries the information regarding the stoichiometry of the sample. The sample is proven to be an excellent remover of textile dyes by synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption with almost 100% efficiency following simple first‐order reaction kinetics. When the porous structure of the sample helps the process of adsorption, the charge transfer mechanism has been assumed to be responsible for photocatalytic dye degradation. The latter involves the transferring of electrons or holes between the photocatalyst and the dye molecules, leading to the generation of reactive species that initiate the degradation process. The combined effect of these two processes takes only 30 min to degrade textile dyes like Bengal rose (BR) and methylene blue (MB). Thus, the present work is supposed to serve as milestone in the associated field.
CDC finds link between frequent social media use and bullying
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

Observing that social media has become a pervasive presence in everyday life, including among youths, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) in 2023 included for the first time an item assessing U.S. high school students' frequency of social media use.
Advocates urge FDA to end REMS requirements for clozapine
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

The Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC) and other advocates are trying to convince the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to end the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) requirements for clozapine. The requirements, they said, reduce the number of providers who will prescribe this “gold standard medication” that works for many people with serious mental illness.
Poll: Most people believe suicide can be prevented sometimes
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

Nine out of 10 people in the U.S. believe that suicide can be prevented at least sometimes, showing an incredible shift in public understanding about suicide from decades ago when society viewed suicide as an inevitable outcome, according to the latest findings from the 2024 Public Perception of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Poll.
Generalized Hamiltonian and Lagrangian aspects of a model for virus–tumor interaction in oncolytic virotherapy
Authors: Guha Partha , Ghose‐Choudhury Anindya
Published: October 2024

We analyze the generalized Hamiltonian structure of a system of first‐order ordinary differential equations for the Jenner et al. system (Letters in Biomathematics 5 (2018), no. S1, S117–S136). The system of equations is used for modeling the interaction of an oncolytic virus with a tumor cell population. Our analysis is based on the existence of a Jacobi last multiplier and a time‐dependent first integral. Suitable conditions on the model parameters allow for the reduction of the problem to a planar system of equations, and the time‐dependent Hamiltonian flows are described. The geometry of the Hamiltonian flows is also investigated using the symplectic and cosymplectic methods.
SWATH‐MS Based Secretome Proteomic Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Against MRSA
Authors: Zheng Yi‐Feng , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Huang Jing‐Wen , Tang Kuo‐Tung , Kuo Cheng‐Yu , Wang Wei‐Chen , Chien Han‐Ju , Chang Chih‐Jui , Hu Nien‐Jen , Lai Chien‐Chen
Published: October 2024

The study uses Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra (SWATH)‐MS in conjunction with secretome proteomics to identify key proteins that Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Variations in the inhibition zones indicated differences in strain resistance. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to filter the proteomic results, revealing five potential protein biomarkers, including Peptidase M23. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and sequence alignment supported their antibacterial activity. Thus, SWATH‐MS provides a comprehensive understanding of the secretome of P. aeruginosa in its action against MRSA, guiding future antibacterial research.
Congruency between clinician‐assessed risk and calculated risk of 1‐year mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Raina Amresh , Sketch Margaret R. , Wu Benjamin , Broderick Meredith , Shlobin Oksana A.
Published: October 2024

The objective of this analysis was to compare clinician‐based and formally calculated risk assessments by REVEAL Lite 2 and COMPERA 2.0 and to characterize parenteral prostacyclin utilization within 90 days of baseline in high‐risk patients. A multisite, double‐blind, retrospective chart review of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was conducted with an index period of January 2014–March 2017. Patients were categorized into the “any PAH medication” or “prostacyclin‐enriched” cohort based on latest PAH medication initiated within the index period. Clinicians classified the patient's 1‐year mortality risk as “low,” “intermediate,” or “high” based on their clinical assessment. REVEAL Lite 2 and COMPERA 2.0 scores were independently calculated. Risk assessment congruency was evaluated. Parenteral prostacyclin use was evaluated within 90 days of baseline. Thirty‐two clinicians participated and abstracted data for 299 patients with PAH. At baseline, mean patient age was 52 years, 6‐min walk distance was 226 m, and most patients were WHO functional class II or III. Half of the patients (53%) were classified by clinician assessment as intermediate risk, while most were classified as high risk by REVEAL Lite 2 (59%) and intermediate‐high risk by COMPERA 2.0 (52%). Parenteral prostascyclins were underutilized in high‐risk patients, and not initiated in a timely fashion. Clinician‐assessed risk category was incongruent with tool‐based risk assessments in 40%–54% of patients with PAH, suggesting an underestimation of the patient's risk category by clinician gestalt. Additionally, there was a lack of timely prostacyclin initiation for patients with PAH stratified as high‐risk by either tool.
Performance Study and Application of Antioxidant Peptides CHCIWM and CHCPWM
Authors: Dong Liang , Ma Jun , Li Yanan , Cong Hailin , Yu Bing
Published: October 2024

When the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases abnormally in the body, it damages tissue cells and is closely related to the occurrence of various chronic diseases. Antioxidant peptides (APs) are a class of active short peptides with antioxidant capacity, which have great research value. In this paper, two APs were designed and synthesized based on the structural features of APs: CHIWM (AP1) and CHCPWM (AP2). The reactive sites and activities of APs were analyzed using the quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) method. The reactive sites are all located in the indolyl heterocycle of tryptophan residues, among which AP1 has a smaller energy gap and single point energy. Multiple free radical scavenging assays showed that AP1 and AP2 had stronger antioxidant activity than the positive control, glutathione (GSH). For scavenging DPPH free radicals, the IC50s values were 0.613 mg/mL and 0.606 mg/mL, respectively. In cellular assays, both AP1 and AP2 were able to scavenge ROS in the cells and attenuate cellular damage. In conclusion, AP1 and AP2 designed in this paper have good antioxidant activity and have the potential to be applied in the treatment of chronic diseases caused by cellular oxidative damage.
Leveraging the Potential of Iqbal MCR: An Efficient Synthetic Route to Structurally Complex Tripeptidyl Ketones via Sequential Iqbal‐3CR/Ugi‐4CR
Authors: Sebastian Sini Karunthayil , Stellance Arun , Sadanandan Shinu Vanaja
Published: October 2024

Highlighting the potential of Iqbal multicomponent reaction (MCR), a streamlined two‐step MCR synthetic strategy is proposed for the rapid assembly of structurally complex tripeptidyl ketones, which are valuable building blocks for developing novel peptidomimetics. The approach utilizes consecutive Iqbal MCR and Ugi MCR under mild room temperature conditions, eliminating the need for laborious column chromatography purification. This work demonstrates Iqbal MCR's propensity to generate a diverse library of N‐(3‐oxopropyl) carboxamides containing carboxyl functionality, which can be readily elaborated further to tripeptidyl ketones through subsequent Ugi MCR.
Pyrene‐Modified Blue Emitters for OLED Applications: Efficiency and Stability Advancements
Authors: Zhao He , Han Wenkun , Bi Yan , Xu Jianan , Ma Xiaoyu , Su Chunhui
Published: October 2024

Blue light materials have always posed a challenge in the OLED industry due to their high energy, which negatively impacts the stability of organic luminescent materials. Consequently, there is a significant disparity in efficiency and lifespan compared to red and green materials. In this study, we successfully synthesized three blue fluorescent luminescent materials with high fluorescence quantum efficiency by utilizing pyrene as the core. The 1,6‐positions of pyrene were substituted with diphenylamine and further modified with methoxy, isopropyl, and dibenzofuran. These modifications were introduced to enhance efficiency, increase spatial site resistance, and improve structural rigidity. Each structure exhibits a maximum current efficiency of over 8.2 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of more than 5.8%. Notably, the compound N1,N6‐bis(4‐isopropylphenyl)‐N1,N6‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)pyrene‐1,6‐diamine (BD1), with methoxy modification, achieves a maximum current efficiency of 9.3 cd/A. Additionally, the compound N1,N6‐bis(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐4‐yl)‐N1,N6‐di‐o‐tolylpyrene‐1,6‐diamine (BD2) exhibits significantly less EQE roll‐off. This article provides valuable insights into the substitution‐based modification strategy for optimizing blue light performance in OLED applications.
A Bacterial Capturing, Neural Network‐Like Carbon Nanotubes/Prussian Blue/Puerarin Nanocomposite for Microwave Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus‐Infected Osteomyelitis
Authors: Jin Liguo , Liu Hanpeng , Wang Chaofeng , Liu Xiangmei , Mao Congyang , Zhang Yu , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Cui Zhenduo , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin
Published: October 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐infected osteomyelitis is a deep tissue infection that cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics. Microwave (MW) thermal therapy (MTT) and MW dynamic therapy (MDT) based on MW‐responsive materials are promising for the therapy of bacteria‐infected osteomyelitis occurring in deep tissues that cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics. In this work, the MW‐responsive system of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Prussian blue (PB)/puerarin (Pue) with stable network‐like structures is constructed. The PB is grown in situ on the CNTs, and its introduction not only reduces the aggregation of the network‐like structures of the CNTs, but the large specific surface area and mesoporous structure can also provide many active sites for the adsorption of oxygen and polar molecules. Pue is a natural anti‐inflammatory material that reduces inflammation at the infection site. The composite of the CNTs and PB avoids the skin effect and thus can improve dielectric and reflection losses. The MW thermal response of CNTs/PB/Pue is mainly due to the occurrence of reflection loss, dielectric loss, multiple reflections and scattering, interface polarization, and dipole polarization. In addition, under MW irradiation, the CNTs/PB/Pue can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH).
Waterborne Polyurethane Micelles Reinforce PEO‐Based Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shi Zhen , Zhou Hongru , Fan Zixin , Guo Kairui , Nie Hui , Zhou Xingping , Xue Zhigang
Published: October 2024

Although solid polymer electrolytes have been developed for several decades, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or polymers with ethoxy (EO) segments are still one of the most promising candidates for advanced batteries. The low ionic conductivity and lithium‐ion transference number as well as the deterioration of mechanical properties after coupling with lithium salts restrict its further adoption. Herein, a serial of PEO‐based composite electrolytes optimized by waterborne polyurethane are prepared via blend method. With the assistance of H2O, ionic type waterborne polyurethane assembles into flexible micelles, in which hydrophobic segments as the core and hydrophilic groups as the shell. Utilizing this feature of waterborne polyurethane, PEO and Li salt (LiTFSI) aqueous solution is slowly added to the organic solution of waterborne polyurethane to compound in situ, and polymer composite electrolytes are fabricated. The multilevel (hydrogen bonds with different binding energy) and multiscale (deformation of flexible micelles) dynamic interaction endows the composite electrolyte with attractive mechanical properties. The assembled Li|Li symmetric battery with the molar ratio of EO to Li salts of 8:1 exhibits excellent cycling stability up to 800 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, and the assembled Li|LiFePO4 battery can be stably cycled at 1C for >400 cycles.
Fusing Allosteric Ribozymes with CRISPR‐Cas12a for Efficient Diagnostics of Small Molecule Targets
Authors: Guo Lichuan , Zhang Shu , Du Xinyu , Zhou Mo , Gu Hongzhou
Published: October 2024

The CRISPR‐Cas systems are adopted as powerful molecular tools for not only genetic manipulation but also point‐of‐care diagnostics. However, methods to enable diagnostics of non‐nucleic‐acid targets with these systems are still limited. Herein, by fusing ligand‐dependent allosteric ribozymes with CRISPR‐Cas12a, a derived CRISPR‐Cas system is created for efficient quantitative analysis of non‐nucleic‐acid targets in 1–2 h. On two different small molecules, the system's generality, reliability and accuracy is demonstrated, and show that the well operability of this system can enable high‐throughput detection of a small molecule in blood samples. The system can be further converted to rely on allosteric deoxyribozyme instead of allosteric ribozyme to recognize non‐nucleic‐acid targets and transduce the signal to CRISPR‐Cas12a for amplification, likely making it easier for storage and more consistent in data generation as DNA possess a stability advantage over RNA. This (deoxy)ribozyme‐assisted CRISPR‐Cas12a system anticipates that it can facilitate bioanalysis in various scientific and clinical settings and further drive the development of clinical translation.
Value deployment in set‐based design: Design space propagation to integrate manufacturing in the narrowing‐down process
Authors: de Oliveira Mayara Silvestre , Peixer Guilherme Fidelis , Rosa Marcelo Augusto , Forcellini Fernando Antônio , Barbosa Jader Riso , Cadena Jaime Andrés Lozano
Published: October 2024

Value is crucial to lean product development (LPD) and set‐based design (SBD). Nevertheless, the literature needs to present more research on value definition and deployment to support exploring the design space. This scenario hinders the operationalization of lean initiatives in product development. This paper proposes a value deployment (VD) method for SBD, applying quality function deployment (QFD) matrices. We undertook a research action on the design of a TRL‐6 magnetic air conditioner. As a result, we aligned teams and development efforts toward value, building clarity and cohesion about the contribution of subsystems to product performance. Furthermore, VD enabled the integration of manufacturing in decision‐making. Our work paves the way for SBD in terms of practical relevance for industrial and systems engineering, assisting managers in adopting LPD and aligning integrated product teams toward value.
Locating
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Evtuhov Artem , Dehtiarov Ivan , Trojanowska Justyna
Published: October 2024

When assembling machine elements, it is necessary to ensure the correct positioning of parts and units in the assemblies. When machining workpieces, they must be correctly oriented to the elements of the technological system. The relative orientation of products in assemblies and workpieces during machining is achieved by locating.
Product Quality
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Evtuhov Artem , Dehtiarov Ivan , Trojanowska Justyna
Published: October 2024

Manufacturing engineering considers accuracy to be the degree to which parameters of a finished product conform to the dimensions, shape, and other characteristics specified in a technical drawing. A designer determines the level of manufacturing accuracy and surface roughness based on requirements to ensure the functional purpose of a product.
Explicit A Posteriori Error Representation for Variational Problems and Application to TV-Minimization
Authors: Bartels Sören , Kaltenbach Alex
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a general approach for explicit a posteriori error representation for convex minimization problems using basic convex duality relations. Exploiting discrete orthogonality relations in the space of element-wise constant vector fields as well as a discrete integration-by-parts formula between the Crouzeix–Raviart and the Raviart–Thomas element, all convex duality relations are transferred to a discrete level, making the explicit a posteriori error representation –initially based on continuous arguments only– practicable from a numerical point of view. In addition, we provide a generalized Marini formula that determines a discrete primal solution in terms of a given discrete dual solution. We benchmark all these concepts via the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi model. This leads to an adaptive algorithm that yields a (quasi-optimal) linear convergence rate.
John T. Lysaker, Hope, Trust, and Forgiveness: Essays in Finitude, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2023, 256pp. ISBN: 9780226827919 US $30.00 (Pbk)
Authors: Foust Mathew
Published: October 2024

This essay is a review of John T. Lysaker’s Hope, Trust, and Forgiveness.
Retinal Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Jo Dong Hyun
Published: October 2024

Background

Currently, most inherited retinal diseases lack curative interventions, and available treatment modalities are constrained to symptomatic approaches. Retinal organoid technology has emerged as a method for treating inherited retinal diseases, with growing academic interest in recent years. The purpose of this review was to systematically organize the current protocols for generating retinal organoids using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with inherited retinal disease and to investigate the application of retinal organoids in inherited retinal disease research.

Methods

Data were collected from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a keyword search. The main search term used was “retinal organoid,” accompanied by secondary keywords such as “optic cup,” “three-dimensional,” and “self-organizing.” The final search was conducted on October 2, 2024.

Results

Of the 2,129 studies retrieved, 130 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The protocols for the generation of retinal organoids in inherited retinal disease research use five major approaches, categorized into 3D and a combination of 2D/3D approaches, implemented with modifications. Disease phenotypes have been successfully reproduced via the generation of retinal organoids from the induced pluripotent stem cells of individuals with inherited retinal diseases, facilitating the progression of research into novel therapeutic developments. Cells have been obtained from retinal organoids for cell therapy, and progress toward their potential integration into clinical practice is underway. Considering their potential applications, retinal organoid technology has shown promise across various domains.

Conclusion

In this systematic review, we organized protocols for generating retinal organoids using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with inherited retinal diseases. Retinal organoid technology has various applications including disease modeling, screening for novel therapies, and cell replacement therapy. Further advancements would make this technology a clinically significant tool for patients with inherited retinal diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Chaos in Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Metrics: Analysis and Forecasts
Authors: Gezer Ali
Published: October 2024

Cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin have attracted a lot of attention in the last decades of humanity. Analyzing cryptocurrencies algorithmic differences, chaotic behavior and self-similarity in cryptocurrency metrics might give significant insights for identifying risks and opportunities. Determining the degree of chaos in crypto metrics is critical for understanding complexity, improving prediction capabilities, and supporting decision-making. This study focuses on the analysis of chaos and self-similarity in Bitcoin dynamics for predictability perspective. Return, rate of return and volume quantities in different scales are analyzed with using rescaled range method to reveal the degree of self-similarity. Hurst parameter extracts a comprehensive summary providing information on how current values depend on previous ones to reveal any persistence in Bitcoin metrics. Daily rate of return and return give Hurst degree around 0.64 while they are in between 0.52–0.55 for minutely and hourly based prices. However, an increasing persistence is observed with the increasing time window. Although the largest Lyapunov exponents stay in the positive region for prices and returns of Bitcoin, they are approximately zero for inspected statistics. Periodic characteristics of Bitcoin are also investigated to reveal any dependencies on halving mechanism of Bitcoin. Detailed self-similarity analysis on specific periods shows that bull and bear market seasons don’t make any significant effect on the degree of Hurst parameter. Due to nonlinear and unpredictable characteristics of Bitcoin metrics, distribution fittings are applied to characterize BTC return and rate of return. While Wakeby distribution gives best fitting for daily return, Cauchy distribution gives best for hourly returns.
Improving the Science of Adolescent Social Media and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities of Smartphone-Based Mobile Sensing and Digital Phenotyping
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Dreier Melissa J. , Caproni Bianca , Fedor Jennifer , Durica Krina C. , Low Carissa A.
Published: October 2024

The impact of social media (SM) use (‘screentime’) on adolescent mental health has been the focus of increasing concern, despite mixed findings from empirical research. Current methodological approaches rely on self-reported SM use, which has limited accuracy and obscure the dynamic interplay of SM use and mental health. Smartphone-based mobile sensing offers new opportunities to gain insights into adolescents’ SM use patterns and behaviors, particularly at an idiographic level. Considerations and challenges of smartphone sensing methods for capturing adolescents’ SM use patterns and behaviors in clinical psychological science are discussed in the context of a pilot study using smartphone-based sensing with adolescents. The pilot study included 19 adolescents (Mean age = 15.84; 68% boys; 79% White) who installed a passive monitoring application (AWARE) on their phones for 31 (SD = 5.6) days. Descriptive data of sensing acceptability and feasibility are presented based on participant ratings and data yield ratio of usable

data (74.18%). Sensing yielded 10,038 hourly observations collected from the ‘application foreground’ sensor across all participants from social media apps, and a total of 645 applications used. Categorization of SM apps were coded (kappa >.90) into ‘social networking’ (N = 20 apps) and ‘broader SM’ (N = 41) and compared to both Play Store-defined SM apps (N = 26) and popular SM apps based on Common Sense Media Survey (N = 9). Descriptive data on extracted behavioral features (duration, checking) from SM use categories (binned hourly and daily) are presented. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions of sensing methods for SM use are discussed to inform our understanding of its impacts on mental health and to improve the rigor of SM research in clinical psychological science.