bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museal Indoor Air Quality and Public Health: An Integrated Approach for Exhibits Preservation and Ensuring Human Health
Authors: Ilieș Dorina Camelia , Safarov Bahodirhon , Caciora Tudor , Ilieș Alexandru , Grama Vasile , Ilies Gabriela , Huniadi Anca , Zharas Berdenov , Hodor Nicolaie , Sandor Mircea , Zsarnóczky Martin Balázs , Pantea Emilia , Herman Grigore Vasile , Dejeu Paula , Szabo-Alexi Mariana , Denes David Lorant
Published: February 2022

The quality of the indoor microclimate in museums is a problem of great interest to the contemporary society, given that it is in close connection with the health and comfort of visitors and employees, as well as with the integrity of the exhibits. Taking into account the fact that museums are places that have a special role in the community’s life and therefore attract a very large number of visitors of all ages, a very important issue is to determine the degree of safety that the indoor microclimate presents. Thus, the quality of the indoor microclimate was investigated inside an iconic museum in Romania, dating back to the 19th century, because pollutants from external or internal sources of the building, generated secondary, often anthropogenic, as a tendency to defend/adapt to climate change (CC), contribute to both local and regional pollution, but also lead to challenges in identifying links between air quality (AQ) and and climate change (CC). The methodology used was based on monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and CO2) over a period of between October 2020 and March 2021, 21 weeks, as well as on determining the microbiological contamination of the air and some indoor exhibits located in three different areas of the museum. At the same time, the study aims to identify cheap, easy to implement and non-invasive solutions for removing fungi identified on exhibits for long-term preservation and reducing the risk of various pathologies in humans following prolonged exposure. The results obtained show that the indoor microclimate in the old heritage building favours the development of fungi, which have a high degree of contamination of the air (over 800 CFU/m3) and of the exhibits, representing a potential risk for the health of the visitors and museum workers. Thus, six species of yeast and five different fungi genera were identified in the air, while on the exhibits were individualised six fungi genera, a species of yeast and a bacterium. The most viable solution for cleaning materials, prolonging their lifespan and reducing the risk of disease in humans was represented by the use of essential oils (EO). Three essential oils (lavender, mint and lemon) were applied on an exhibit with five different microorganism genera, and it was observed that they have the ability to inhibit the spores from moulds and bacteria, being a very good alternative to the usual chemical treatments that are used in the cultural heritage field.
Incentives for Innovation in Robotics and Automated Construction: Based on a Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis
Authors: Yi Leng , Hiroatsu Fukuda
Published: February 2022

The current construction industry faces many challenges, such as low productivity, low material application rates, and poor environmental benefits. Robotic and automated construction (RAAC) technologies represent a breakthrough from traditional construction methods and are considered an effective way to improve productivity, ecological efficiency, and sustainability in the construction industry. However, the high cost of research and development and the lack of investment in the construction field have discouraged Chinese construction companies from innovating. In this paper, an evolutionary game model between the government, construction firms, and public universities is constructed around the choice of RAAC innovation, and the evolutionary stabilization strategy (ESS) of the three parties is discussed. Establishing a compound incentive policy of financial and reputational rewards and increasing the share of RAAC scores in academic evaluations can accelerate the realization of ESS among the government, construction companies, and public universities. This study informs policymakers to develop RAAC innovation strategies, and stakeholders such as the government, construction companies, and public universities should consider and jointly promote the development and application of RAAC technologies to improve productivity and environmental sustainability in the construction industry.
Schlafens Can Put Viruses to Sleep
Authors: Kim Eui Tae , Weitzman Matthew D.
Published: February 2022

The Schlafen gene family encodes for proteins involved in various biological tasks, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and T cell development. Schlafens were initially discovered in mice, and have been studied in the context of cancer biology, as well as their role in protecting cells during viral infection. This protein family provides antiviral barriers via direct and indirect effects on virus infection. Schlafens can inhibit the replication of viruses with both RNA and DNA genomes. In this review, we summarize the cellular functions and the emerging relationship between Schlafens and innate immunity. We also discuss the functions and distinctions of this emerging family of proteins as host restriction factors against viral infection. Further research into Schlafen protein function will provide insight into their mechanisms that contribute to intrinsic and innate host immunity.
The Climate Road—A Multifunctional Full-Scale Demonstration Road That Prevents Flooding and Produces Green Energy
Authors: Andersen Theis Raaschou , Poulsen Søren Erbs , Tordrup Karl Woldum
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a multifunctional full-scale demonstration road, the Climate Road, which combines climate adaptation and mitigation in a single system. The Climate Road is located at Hedensted, Denmark and is 50 m long and 8 m wide, and the depth of the roadbed is 1 m. Half of the Climate Road, i.e., 25 m, is paved with permeable asphalt and the remaining 25 m with traditional asphalt. All surface water drains into the roadbed, which stores up to 120 m3 of water, either directly through the permeable asphalt or by drain grates. In addition, 800 m of geothermal pipes are embedded in the roadbed, distributed over four 200 m w-loops, two buried 1 m below the asphalt and two similar loops at 0.5 m depth. The Climate Road was tested from May 2019 to May 2021. In the project period, a total precipitation value of 1654 mm was recorded, the mean temperature was 9.3 °C and the most intense rainfall was 40.3 mm/30 min. The long-term infiltration performance of the permeable asphalt shows that the overall infiltration capacity slowly reduces. The reduction can be hindered, but not completely prevented, with annual restorative cleaning. After two years of operation, the Climate Road still, by a large margin, fulfils the recommendations of the infiltration capacity of 97.2 mm/h for the vast majority of the road section. The total volume reduction capacity is estimated to be between 15 and 30%. Based on an analysis of 61 single rain events, the event detention time is found to range between 10 and 130 min, with an average of 35 min. During the project period, the Climate Road produced a total of 98 MWh for a nearby kindergarten, with an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.1.
Hydrogeomorphic Scaling and Ecohydraulics for Designing Rescaled Channel and Floodplain Geometry in Regulated Gravel–Cobble Bed Rivers for Pacific Salmon Habitat
Authors: Brown Rocko A.
Published: February 2022

Societies are increasingly restoring and/or rehabilitating rivers below dams for keystone species such as salmon. A fundamental concept for rehabilitating river morphology below dams for salmon is that a rescaled version of the river corridor synchronized to the regulated flow regime can restore habitat quantity and quality. Downscaled and resized hydrographs have been shown to provide environmental benefits to fish communities including salmon as well as riparian vegetation communities. However, less research exists on how this can be achieved through the topographic rescaling of heavily modified and regulated river corridors. The goal of this paper is to review analytical methods to determine initial of size of rescaled channel and floodplain mesohabitat units in regulated gravel–cobble bed rivers for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) habitat using hydrogeomorphic scaling and ecohydraulics. Hydrogeomorphic flow scaling is the prediction of river morphology and geometry using empirical and analytical relationships. Ecohydraulic scaling refers to the use of ecohydrology, habitat suitability curves, and fish density relationships to determine the size of mesohabitat units for ecologically relevant flows. In practice, these are complimentary first order estimates of channel and floodplain configurations followed by iterative design in a hierarchical manner. This review advances the science of river design by synthesizing these complimentary ideologies for Pacific salmon habitat restoration in regulated rivers. Following the review, the layout of features is briefly discussed followed by a discussion of important considerations beyond the physical and topographic rescaling of river corridors for salmonid habitat restoration.
A Rapid Method to Estimate the Different Components of the Water Balance in Mediterranean Watersheds
Authors: Banton Olivier , St-Pierre Sylvie , Giraud Anaïs , Stroffek Stéphane
Published: February 2022

The sustainable management of water resources, whether surface or underground, requires the identification of the flows involved and the possibility of achieving the water balance of the water resource. These require knowledge of the main flow components with a sufficient level of accuracy. Hydrological simulation models are valuable tools for studying flow at the watershed scale but rely on data that are rarely available; therefore, they require the implementation of field investigations. There is thus a need for simple and practical tools for studying the functioning of a watershed and identifying the different components of the flows. In this paper, a method that uses only weather data, volumes of water abstraction by pumping or diversion, and flows measured at the outlet is proposed. The use of cumulative multi-year curves of measured flows or rainfall provides an assessment of the unknown flows that can take place in the watershed, as well as the order of the respective magnitudes of fast and slow flows. Its application to 20 French Mediterranean watersheds shows that it is possible to properly estimate the order of magnitude of losses or gains linked to karst flows and irrigation input. External inflows or outflows can represent up to 150% of the flow measured at the outlet. The annual volumes estimated by using this method are indeed very close (R2 = 93%) to those provided by existing knowledge. The proposed method can constitute a first approach for the quantification of flows and help to guide the implementation of field investigations and more sophisticated approaches such as hydrological modelling.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Mesleki Gelişimine Bir Katkı: Öğretmenlik Meslek Etiği
Authors: AKHAN Nadire Emel , ÖZTÜRK Ahmet
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenliği son sınıf öğretmen adaylarının mesleki gelişimlerine, öğretmenlik meslek etiği uygulamaları ile katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışma, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılının güz döneminde Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinin sosyal bilgiler öğretmenliğin son sınıfta okuyan 55 öğretmen adayı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden eylem araştırmasının bir türü olan school wide action research kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın uygulama boyutunda araştırmacılar tarafından “öğretmenlik meslek etiği semineri”, 10 hafta boyunca yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda geliştirilen soru formu kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarını genel olarak değerlendirdiğimizde, öğretmenlik meslek etiği uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının meslek etik ilkelerine bakış açısını olumlu katkılar yaptığı, birey olarak mesleki, kişisel ve sosyal gelişimlerini arttırdığı, meslek etik ilkeleri konusunda sorumluluk hislerinin geliştirdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik meslek etiği ilkelerinin farkında olup bu ilkeleri benimseyip mesleklerinin gerektirdiği sorumlulukları almaya yöneltecek uygulamaların planlanması önerilebilir.
Öğretim Elemanlarının ve Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Birbirlerine Olan Beklentileri ile Metaforik Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DOĞRUL Hikmet , YANPAR YELKEN Tuğba
Published: February 2022

YYükseköğretim süreci bireyin yaşamında büyük önem taşıyan kritik bir dönemdir. Bireyin yükseköğretime yönelik beklentilerinin karşılanması ve yükseköğretim sürecinin desteklenmesi için bireyin beklentilerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Öğretim elemanlarının da yükseköğretim sürecine yönelik öğrencilerden beklentileri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lisansüstü öğrencilerin öğretim elemanlarından; öğretim elemanlarının lisansüstü öğrencilerden beklentilerini ve metaforik algılarını belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan 26 lisansüstü öğrencisi ile Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde görev yapmakta olan 12 öğretim elemanından oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada temel nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler açık uçlu anket formuyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Öğretim elemanlarının lisansüstü eğitimi alan öğrencilerden "Bilimsel Bakış Açısı ve Hakimiyet" beklentisi içerisinde oldukları ve lisansüstü eğitimi alan öğrencilere yönelik metaforik algılarının "Fidan ve Çırak" kelimeleri üzerinde yoğunlaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Lisansüstü öğrencilerinin öğretim elemanlarından "Rehberlik Etme-Doğru Yönlendirme" beklentisi içerisinde oldukları ve öğretim elemanlarına yönelik metaforik algılarının "Navigasyon" kelimesi üzerinde yoğunlaştıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Assessment of the psychological qualities of a paramedic’s personality
Authors:   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ionov Alexander Petrovich , Belikova Ol’ga Viktorovna ,   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Lazareva Lyudmila Anatolyevna ,   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify professionally significant psychological qualities of a paramedic ‘s personality. Results. The presence of synchronous changes in indicators for each characteristic of the paramedic’s personality, both male and female, was revealed; the most pronounced psychological qualities of the personality of professional paramedics were: developed visual-imaginative thinking, caution and prudence, suspicion; the most pronounced psychological qualities of the personality of medical students were the same qualities as those of professional paramedics with the inclusion of markedly pronounced conservatism. Conclusion. When comparing the psychograms of professional paramedics and medical students, psychological characteristics that are subject to correction were identified: emotional instability, dominance, suspicion and relaxation.
Control in the work of the head of nursing service
Authors:   Institute of Nursing Education, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ilyina Snezhana Maratovna , Dvoinikov Sergey Ivanovich ,   Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on management of nursing activities of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to study the control system in the work of the head of the nursing service of the dental clinic. Results. Patients of the dental clinic note a significant improvement in their health after receiving a dentist, a trusting attitude towards the medical staff of the clinic, and the high qualifications of the clinic staff. Conclusion. The organization of the control process lies in the fact that the results of the activity of a medical organization become optimal if deficiencies and emerging problems in labor and professional activity are detected and eliminated before they become too serious. The characteristics of the control process in the work of the head of the nursing service include: the correctness of performing certain nursing manipulations for caring for patients, carrying out some types of anesthesia, adherence to the rules of asepsis and antiseptics in procedural and dressing and operating rooms, etc.
Prevention of helicobacterial infection in endoscopic studies
Authors:   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Rechkin Alexander Viktorovich , Arkhipova Svetlana Viktorovna ,   FSBEI of HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia
Published: February 2022

The article describes the features of endoscopic studies in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and measures to prevent the spread of this infection.
An Effective Fault-Tolerance Technique in Web Services: An Approach Based on Hybrid Optimization Algorithm of PSO and Cuckoo Search
Authors: He Fen , Rezaei Kalantari Kimia , Ebrahimnejad Ali , Motameni Homayun
Published: February 2022

Software rejuvenation is an effective technique to counteract software aging in continuously-running application such as web service based systems. In client-server applications, where the server is intended to run perpetually, rejuvenation of the server process periodically during the server idle times increases the availability of that service. In these systems, web services are allocated based on the user’s requirements and server’s facilities. Since the selection of a service among candidates while maintaining the optimal quality of service is an Non-Deterministic Polynomial (NP)-hard problem, Meta-heuristics seems to be suitable. In this paper, we proposed dynamic software rejuvenation as a proactive fault-tolerance technique based on a combination of Cuckoo Search (CS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms called Computer Program Deviation Request (CPDR). Simulation results on Web Site Dream (WS-DREAM) dataset revealed that our strategy can decrease the failure rate of web services on average 38.6 percent in comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA), Decision-Tree (DT) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) strategies.
An Efficient Ensemble Architecture for Privacy and Security of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Kasım Ömer
Published: February 2022

Electronic medical records, one of the sensitive data, are stored in public or private cloud service providers. Cloud systems provide security with firewall and intrusion detection systems, and these systems ensure privacy with access control and end-to-end encryption. However, while sending data to the cloud system, attackers can capture the data with the help of Man in the Middle attacks and vulnerabilities of the storage systems. In the middleware architecture proposed in this study, access control protocol, key distributor and end-to-end hybrid encryption which are based on user roles were innovatively used to overcome security issues in data transmission. In this system, writing and updating requests are encrypted asymmetrically, and reading requests were encrypted symmetrically. This solution distinguishes the proposed method from previous studies. According to this solution the operating performance of the system is increased. In addition, the attacker cannot see the actual data in a cyber-attacks because the sensitive data is distributed to the users with their private keys. This result shows that the access, write and update of electronic medical records are performed with the principles of security and privacy.
Multi-Pose Facial Expression Recognition Using Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Improved Variant of Gravitational Search Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Verma Shashi Kant , Sharma Sandeep
Published: February 2022

The recognition of human facial expressions with the variation of poses is one of the challenging tasks in real-time applications such as human physiological interaction detection, intention analysis, marketing interest evaluation, mental disease diagnosis, etc. This research work addresses the problem of expression recognition from different facial poses at the yaw angle. The major contribution of the paper is the proposal of an autonomous pose variant facial expression recognition framework using the amalgamation of a hybrid deep learning model with an improved quantum inspired gravitational search algorithm. The hybrid deep learning model is the integration of the convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network. The applicability of the hybrid deep learning model can be considered as significant if the feature set is efficiently optimized to have the discriminative features respective to each expression class. Here, the Improved Quantum Inspired Gravitational Search Algorithm (IQI-GSA) is utilized for the selection and optimization of features. The IQI-GSA method is significant for optimizing the features compared to quantum-behaved binary gravitation search algorithm for handing the local optima and stochastic characteristics. Comparing with state-of-art techniques, the proposed framework exhibits the outperformed recognition rate for experimentation on Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) and Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) datasets.
Mixture design approach to evaluate fresh properties of SCC made with various sands
Authors: Bouziani Tayeb , Bédérina Madani , Makhloufi Zoubir , Hadjoudja Mourad
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present paper is to provide a mixture design modelling to evaluate the effect of different sand types on fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). A statistical approach was used to highlight the effect of river sand (RS), crushed sand (CS) and dune sand (DS) as proportions in binary and ternary systems in SCC composition. The responses of the derived statistical models are sand packing density (SPD), T500 and J-ring. The resulting mathematical models are used to illustrate the variation of different responses in ternary contours plots with respect to the proportions of RS, CS and DS. This offers flexibility to optimize RS, CS and DS blends with tailor-made of a given property that suit a particular recommendations. Results indicate that SPD of RS can be enhanced by a 40% of CS and 30% of DS proportions. Moreover, it is shown that flowability, measured by J-ring, can be improved by the increase of CS and DS in RS-CS and RS-DS binary systems. Results also indicate that passing ability measured with T500 decreased with the increase of CS proportion and increased with the increase of DS proportion in binary and ternary systems.
Effect of the heat curing on strength development of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) containing dune sand and ground brick waste
Authors: Safi Brahim , Aboutair Amel , Saidi Mohammed , Ghernouti Youcef , Oubraham Chahrazade
Published: February 2022

This work aims to investigate the strength development of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) containing ground dune sand (GDS) and ground brick waste (GWB) as a substitutions of cement and dune sand (DS) as an aggregate. The variables are the nature of addition (GDS and GWB) in the binder and the heat curing at different temperatures (20°C and 60°C) at 7 days of curing. Two temperatures 20°C and 60 °C were applied to samples with intermediate levels for 8 hours in total. In this study, two types of cements (CEMI and CEMII) were used to prepare UHPFRC. The GWB was replaced by GDS at levels of 10, 20 and 30% by weight. The results show that the obtained concretes develop a high mechanical performance with a suitable heat treatment according to the cement type and the used fiber. The compressive strength at 7 days of UHPFRC has increased with heat curing (at 60 °C) compared to that obtained at 28 days and measured at 20 °C. Results show also that values of compressive strength of concrete containing DS are close to those obtained by the control concrete. This study has showed that the dune sand can be used in UHPRC, and that the substitution of the GWB by GDS can provide concretes with acceptable mechanical performance.
Rehabilitation of existing building structure in expansive soils: A case study in Laghouat, Algeria
Authors: Ouai Aissa
Published: February 2022

This work presents results obtained from a case study conducted on M’kam neighborhood (600 housing social city) in Laghouat, Algeria. The bloc (J) in this location, suffering from damages that are attributed to the expansive clayey soil interaction with sewage disposal under foundations was the subject of rehabilitation in this study.The principal causes of observed structural damages were studied through diagnostic expertise (inspection-evaluation process) of the cracks and sewage disposal system of bloc (J). The results of this diagnostic investigation show that the main damages were mainly due to swelling of soil in presence of losses from sewage disposal. Remedial actions were suggested to revise and repair all the sewage disposal system and strengthen the foundations of the building to avoid further damages.
Repair of reinforced concrete beams in shear using composite materials PRFG subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Boumaaza Messaouda , Bezazi Abderrezak , Bouchelaghem Hafida , Benzannache Naziha , Amziane Sofiane , Scarpa Fabrizio
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, finding new approaches to attenuate the effects of the catastrophic shear failure mode for reinforced concrete beams is a major challenge. Generally the bending failure is ductile. It allows a redistribution of the stresses providing an early warning, whereas the rupture by shear is fragile and sudden which can lead to detrimental consequences for the structures. This research focuses on the repair of deep beams in reinforced concrete shear subjected to 4-point bending. After being preloaded at different levels of their ultimate loads, the beams are repaired by bonding a composite material made of an epoxy resin reinforced by glass fibers. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the mastery of a new method developed by the authors that consists by banding the cracks in critical zones in order to avoid fragile ruptures due to the shear force. This new technique led to better results in terms of mechanical properties when compared to conventional methods, notably the absence of the debonding of the composite found in the case of the repairs of the beams by bands or U-shaped composites. The feasibility, the performances and the behavior of the beams have been examined. The experimental approach adopted using this new technique has shown the influence of the type of loading on the fatigue behavior. In addition, the repair performed led to a considerable improvement in the fatigue durability of the preloaded beam.
Amelioration of mechanical and rheological characteristics of a ceramic Slip by adding of bentonite
Authors: Hammadi Larbi , Boudouaia Wissem , Belaid Yamina
Published: February 2022

This work is a contribution to the amelioration of the mechanical and rheological properties of a slip of ceramic used in the ceramic fabrication process. A study of characterization of slip of ceramic modified by bentonite has been accomplished chemically, physically, mechanically and rheologically. Chemical analysis showed that the slip modified by bentonite consist essentially of silica with a ratio (SiO_2/Al_2 O_3) average equal to 3.5 and the ratio of clays (Al2O3/SiO2) is relatively stable with increasing percentage of bentonite in the slip, with an average 0.28. The mechanical and rheological tests showing that increasing the percentage of bentonite in base slip caused an increase in the mechanical resistance, the yield stress and rapid decrease in density of the slip.
The thermal properties of mortars modified by the effect of combining polymers and SCMs
Authors: Belbachir Boucif , Benosman Ahmed Soufiane , Taïbi Hamed , Mouli Mohamed , Senhadji Yassine
Published: February 2022

The thermal performance of the building materials is relevant to any use of composite materials, especially in relation to constructions where it is desirable to have high specific heat, low thermal conductivity and slight or no decrease of stiffness upon heating. The thermal coefficients of composite mortars made up of mixtures of combining styrene polyacrylic SPA Latex and supplementary cementitious materials SCMs were measured at different ages (7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days). So, in order to determine the thermal conductivity, the calorific capacity and thermal diffusivity of SCM-modified mortars, it seemed interesting to evaluate the influence of adding the SPA Latex (0.5%, 1% and 2%w) on the properties of these mortars when exposed to a quick thermal conductivity meter based on standard ISO 8302-91. The highest thermal conductivity of 1.51 W.m-1.K-1 was observed with the samples containing only plain cement. It decreased with the increase of SPA latex percentages. The lowest values of thermal coefficients were obtained with the samples prepared with SPA polymer at 2% and SCMs. In this way, the results obtained highlight the beneficial effect of combining SPA polymer and SCM materials as thermal insulation in comparison with other insulation materials. In fact, using SCMs as cement substitutes reduces the energy consumption. These composite mortars address problems related to environmental pollution by CO2 emissions, and can be recommended as materials for energy efficiency in buildings.
Experimentation of a novel composite phase change material for thermal comfort improvement and energy saving in buildings
Authors: Boussaba Lisa , Makhlouf Said , Foufa A. Amina
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the preparation of a novel composite phase change material (PCM) for an application of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage in buildings. The aim of this application is to improve thermal inertia in buildings. A good thermal inertia, involves the improvement of thermal comfort and energy saving. The experimented materials’ components are selected for their availability, safety and low cost. Paraffin with a melting temperature range close to 30°C is selected as a PCM; it is composed of microcrystalline wax and liquid paraffin. The matrix is prepared from plaster, graphite powder and cellulose fibers. The PCM is introduced in the matrix following the immersion method. Several samples are prepared; there after they are subjected to a thermal treatment at 50°C for 30 min on a filter paper. The purpose is to identify the performance of each sample to retain the PCM without leakages.

Thermal and physicochemical characterizations are performed to study the composites’ properties: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to observe its microstructure; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) identifies the crystallographic structure of the composite-PCM while Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveals the chemical compatibility between its different components. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are performed for thermal characterization. The thermal performance of the composite-PCM is verified experimentally using thermocouple measurements connected to a temperature recorder apparatus. The measurements are done simultaneously on two pellets; the first contains PCM while the second does not contain PCM.
The impact of facade materials on the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of offices buildings
Authors: Khadraoui Mohamed Amine , Sriti Leila
Published: February 2022

In order to improve thermal comfort conditions of tertiary buildings through the facades of buildings, a research has been undertaken with the intention of developing a contextually appropriate and energetically efficient facade under the conditions of a hot and arid climate. The study has taken as its starting point the analysis of comfort conditions of a set of office buildings located in Biskra. These buildings were distinguished from standpoints of the treatment of their facades and the materials used. The study proposes to evaluate the thermal functioning of the different materials of the facade, then to optimize their behavior by acting on their material characteristics and the walls composition. The facade, indeed, represents a place of interaction and exchange between the inside and the outside, the performance of which is due to factors that are formal, material and technical. This article presents the main results of the analytical work. The investigation is based on an empirical approach (measurements in situ on real cases) as well as on a parametric simulation study. The results show that the facade represents with excellence the place of interaction and exchange between the interior and the exterior, the performance of which is due to factors that are both material and conceptual. Through a set of recommendations, this study tries to develop a material composition of high-performing facade that can respond optimally to the requirements of a tertiary building in a desert climate, while ensuring a pleasant thermal ambience and low consumption energy.
Impact of passive cooling techniques on the thermal behavior of residential buildings in hot and arid regions -An experimental study-
Authors: Athmani Wafa , Sriti Leila
Published: February 2022

The thermal performance of the roof is one of the most important factors for a comfortable environment. As 50% of the thermal loads received by a building come from the roof, this research seeks to find the roofing system that opposes the transmission of heat during the hottest days and promotes indoor thermal comfort. In this regard, this paper presents an experimental study carried out on four (04) testing cells constructed on a reduced scale and submitted to climatic external conditions. Three (03) cells were used to test passive cooling strategies through the roof, namely: the cool roof, ventilated roof and a roof with inverted earth pots. The fourth cell that served as cell-reference, for its part, a conventional roof. The experimentation concerned the types of roofs most used in residential buildings in Biskra, Algeria. The measurements process was effectuated in an exposed field during the month of July, prevailing the metrological data of the hot and arid climate. The obtained results show that the use of the cool-roof technique makes it possible to record the lowest internal temperatures in comparison with the other systems. Thus, the reflective coating technique is capable of reducing the internal temperature from 3.33 °C to 4.80 °C, also the internal and external surface temperature of the roofs from 5.31 °C to 10.18 °C, respectively. These experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the "cool roof" technique as an innovative and efficient solution that contributes to the achievement of the comfort conditions in a hot and arid climate by eliminating heat gains through the roof.
Experimental case study on the effect of the urban morphology on urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort
Authors: Sedira Sara , Mazouz Said
Published: February 2022

The present study aims at testing the influence of the urban morphology on the external weather conditions and the urban microclimate by treating quantitative aspects of the outdoor thermal comfort. This is based on a site investigation aims at studying the correlation between the geometry of the street, its orientation and the evolution of the physical variables: air temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), Relative Humidity (RH), Wind speed (Ws). The measures were the subject of a campaign carried out in the urban fabric of the ksar of the red village in the wilaya of Biskra in Algeria. The objective is to define the most efficient urban geometry in term of summer thermal comfort by studying the real impacts of the urban form on the solar control and microclimatic conditions. The evaluation of the thermal comfort in these external spaces is carried out by analyzing physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) values calculated by Rayman Pro 2.1 software based on the measured microclimatic parameters.
Effect of Natural Pozzolan and Calcined Paper Sludge as Pozzolanic Additions on the Physicals and Mechanicals Properties of Heat Treated Self-Compacting Mortars
Authors: Ghernouti Youcef , Safi Brahim , Rabehi Bahia
Published: February 2022

The aim of this research work was to investigate the effect of thermal treatment on strength development of self-compacting mortars (SCMs) based on two pouzolanic materials: Natural Pozzolan and calcined paper waste sludge, were used in the binders of SCMs. To evaluate the effect of heat treatment, a serial of the specimens were exposed to room temperature and another serial were exposed to heating regime (at temperature 60°C for a period of 14 h). The fresh and hardened properties of all mortars were evaluated. the obtained result show that the mechanical strength at 14 days of all mortar treated are almost similar or sometimes better to those not treated mortars tested at 28 days, which reduces the curing time for precast elements.
Corrosion Behavior of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Elements in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Bourenane Nadjette , Sedira Nora , Hamlaoui Youcef
Published: February 2022

Corrosion of steel in reinforcement concrete is complex. When chloride ions and oxygen reach reinforcing steel, corrosion is initiated. The deterioration process starts with expansions of the bare steel substrate then after cracks in the concrete are developed. The aim of this work is to determine firstly, through the electrochemical technic, the critical concentration of chloride ions which are responsible for the initiation of the dissolution step. Then, the effect of the external parameters on the rate of penetration of the chloride ions into the concrete are also evaluated. For this propose, the electrochemical behavior of the steel of construction “E24” is studied in carbonate medium without and with different concentrations of chloride ions. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, ions concentration and solution pH was also evaluated through the evolution of the open circuit potential, d.c polarization measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The d.c polarization and EIS results shows that the addition of 0.5M CaCl2 (as critical concentration) to the saturated Ca(OH)2 solution, brings to a rapid and a continuous dissolution of the substrate where after 3 hours of immersion time the whole surface of the substrate was covered the corrosion products. This is may be due to specific adsorption of Cl-.
Finite Element Modeling of Strengthened Beams Using CFRP
Authors: Barour Sabiha , Zergua Abdesselam
Published: February 2022

Deteriorating and damage of some structural elements influence negatively their strength and the bearing capacity. However, it is necessary to take some measures improve structural performance. In this context, the composite material is often used to strengthen the damaged parts. This paper presents a model to analyze the effect of carbon fiber reinforced polymer strengthening of beams under four point bending. Finite element software ANSYS 12.0 has been used for modeling the beams by conducting nonlinear static analysis. The SOLID 65 and SHELL 181 elements have been used to, respectively; model the 3D concrete beams and the composite layer. Constitutive properties of different components (concrete and FRP) have been incorporated. The predicted Finite element analysis results for the load-midspan deflection are compared to the measured experimental data.  Close agreement was found between the predicted and measured results at all stages of loading for both models developed.
Analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks with reference to its potential and sustainability
Authors: Arif Kamal Mohammad
Published: February 2022

The traditional bricks are the main building materials that are used extensively in the construction and building industry. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks are recently one of the newly adopted building materials. The Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a product of fly ash which is mixed with lime, cement, and water and an aerating agent. The AAC is mainly produced as cuboid blocks and prefabricated panels. The Autoclaved aerated concrete is a type of concrete that is manufactured to contain lots of closed air voids. The AAC blocks are energy efficient, durable, less dense, and lightweight. It is manufactured by adding a foaming additive to concrete in different sizes of molds as per requirement, then wire-cutting these blocks or panels from the resulting ‘cake lump’ and ‘heating them with steam. This process is called as Autoclaving. It has been observed that this material is an eco-friendly building material that is being manufactured from industrial waste and is composed of non-toxic ingredients. In this paper, an overview of AAC blocks with reference to its potential and sustainability as a novel building material has been presented. The paper also presents a comparative cost analysis of AAC Blocks with the Red clay bricks and its suitability and potential use in the construction in the building industry.
Design and Construction Criteria of Twin Tunnel: Taking an Adverse Wind Condition Effects on Air Pollution Short Circuit at Tunnel Portals as a case
Authors: Miloua Hadj
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to study the influence of the tunnel portal designs, wind conditions and ventilation rate on the amount of air pollution short circuit from one tunnel tube to the other. These effects are investigated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code used a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method to control air quality inside the tunnel and reduced as far as possible a short circuited (flow Recirculation) flow level. A validation of CFD code to experimental data in 1:100 scale model of the road traffic tunnel tested in wind-tunnel showed that the CFD gave satisfactory prediction of the air pollution short circuit in the vicinity of tunnel portal. The predicted concentration of the gas tracer (CO2) used as the safety criterion provide the useful information about a short circuit amount resulted for each structural variant of tunnel portals, such as a central dividing wall built as extensions from the end of road tunnel and offset tunnel portal entrance exit tested under different speed ratio of wind and ventilation. A detailed look at results is beyond the scope of analysis to determine optimal air pollution short circuit percentages. Finally, the perfect tunnel portals geometry can be suggested.
Behavior of self- compacting concrete incorporating calcined pyrophyllite as supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Mansour Sabria Malika
Published: February 2022

The current trend of industrial concrete leans more towards the use of self-compacting concrete. These must have fresh properties well defined as fluidity, filling ability and resistance to segregation. However, to ensure the rheological stability, use mineral fines is required. In this work, powder of calcined pyrophyllite (CP) was used as cement substitution at level of 10% and 20% by weight. The interest is focused on the role played by the calcined pyrophyllite to produce SCC with reduced impact environmental.. Calcination of pyrophyllite powder was carried out at 750 °C. Its effect on the workability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete is analyzed. The results show that the properties of workability of SCC containing 10% of calcined pyrophyllite tested at fresh state (Slump Flow, T50, passing ability and segregation resistance) are almost identical to those of the control SCC. Furthermore, the calcined pyrophyllite increases the compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength of SCC approaching without exceeding those of the control SCC. It seems that 10 % of calcined pyrophyllite is the optimum replacement rate which improves mechanical strength compared to 20%. Replacing cement with the calcined pyrophyllite aims to save cement and reduce the CO2 emissions released during the manufacture of cement.
Influence of segregation on the performance of self-compacting concrete in the fresh and hardened states
Authors: Bouabdallah Moulaï Abdellah , Mohammed Krachaï Rachida
Published: February 2022

The granular mixture represents one of most important parameters in the formulation of self-compacting concretes in order to achieve a representative granular distribution. A good resistance to segregation results in a regular distribution of the different sizes of the aggregates in all parts of the element, with the same granule density. The granular mixture must be homogeneous and representative, and has to be able to flow in the absence of dynamic and static segregation.The main objective of the present research is to study the influence of segregation on the performance of Self-compacting concrete in the fresh and hardened state, by determining the static segregation index according to the percentage of aggregates of class G 8/15 and that of aggregates of class G 3/8 in order to obtain a homogeneous granular mixture, whatever the volume of self-compacting concrete to be prepared. It is well acknowledged that the threshold of the discontinuation of granular mixing represents a new element with respect to segregation in concrete. The obtained results showed that the percentage of large aggregates has a significant influence on the segregation index and the performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) at 28 days.
ANN modelling approach for predicting SCC properties - Research considering Algerian experience. Part III. Effect of mineral admixtures
Authors: Sahraoui Mohamed , Bouziani Tayeb
Published: February 2022

This paper addresses the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of self compacting concrete (SCC). Artificial neural networks (ANN) and simplex lattice design approach was integrated to predict and evaluate the effect of limestone, marble powder, natural pozzolan and slag on rheological and mechanical properties of SCC evaluated by slump flow, L-Box, V-funnel, sieve segregation test and 28 days compressive strength. The modelling results show an acceptable prediction accuracy of SCC behaviour containing mineral admixtures as substitution of cement especially related to the flow time measured with the V-funnel test and mechanical compressive strength at 28 days.
The High-Speed Railway Bridges Under Vehicle Moving Load And Near Fault Seismic Ground Motions – Review.
Authors: Vijayakumar Amudhan , Qian Hui
Published: February 2022

All-time needs of maintenance of high-speed train system and its infrastructure safety are must all over the world. Nowadays, for the smooth running of HSR trains, most of the country depends on the HSR bridge structures, but there is still a lack of understanding of the behavior of structures under various factors like seismic and high speed moving load effects. To study the dynamic behavior of HSR bridges, it is important to consider the interaction of moving vehicle – Bridge structure – Ground surface showing that the different parameters involved in understanding the response of the structure. The main motivation of this study is to initiate a better understanding of the various parameters effects by those seismic and moving vehicles over the dynamic behavior of the HSR bridges. The effects of forwarding directivity pulses were considered to understand the behavior of HSR bridges against near-fault earthquakes, which can make a substantial impact on the seismic demand capacity of the moving vehicles and structures. The effects of high-speed moving vehicles over the HSR bridges to understanding the parameters involved in the dynamic behavior of the coupled system. This literature review can help the beginners and who initiate the study based on the dynamic behavior of high-speed railway bridges and their components under seismic and moving load effects.