bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A holistic evaluation of the impact of UK renewable strategy on emissions
Authors: Van Niekerk Adriaan Smuts , Kay Peter
Published: May 2020

Reduction in fossil fuels, contributing to greenhouse gases, and improvement of air quality from vehicle emissions is of growing concern worldwide. This has led to the introduction of several binding and non-binding agreements, such as the Renewable Energy Directive to increase the renewable content of fuel for transportation, the carbon dioxide emissions standards to limit the amount of carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles and the Euro Standards to limit the amount of emissions harmful to human health in the exhaust. However, the influence of the fuel composition on hazardous exhaust emissions is a complex, and often contradictory, relationship between factors such as the fuel properties, combustion characteristics and engine load. Therefore policy implemented to improve one aspect, such as a reduction in carbon dioxide, can have a detrimental effect on another such as increased NOx emissions.This paper analyses, in a holistic manner, the impact on carbon dioxide and harmful emissions from transient compression ignition engines when increasing the renewable content of the fuel to meet the renewable energy targets. The analysis is based on a model developed from a rigorous Design of Experiment methodology used to determine the complex relationship between renewable fuel content and exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides). Unlike other studies, the results were collected from a transient engine cycle, the World Harmonised Light vehicle Test Procedure, rather than steady state conditions, thus the results are more applicable to the real world.The results generally show that as the amount of ethanol is increased then the NOx and CO emissions decrease compared to current pump diesel. Increasing the biodiesel content generally increases the CO and CO2 emissions from the engine. For practical reasons a ternary blend is required to minimise the diesel engine emissions whilst meeting the UK’s future renewable content target. A blend of B2.4E10 was found to be the optimum compromise between renewable content and engine emissions. However, for this to be achieved the UK will have to invest in second and third generation ethanol.
A phone in a basket looks like a knife in a cup: Role-filler independence in visual processing
Authors: Hafri Alon , Bonner Michael F. , Landau Barbara , Firestone Chaz
Published: May 2020

When a piece of fruit is in a bowl, and the bowl is on a table, we appreciate not only the individual objects and their features, but also the relations containment and support, which abstract away from the particular objects involved. Independent representation of roles (e.g., containers vs. supporters) and "fillers" of those roles (e.g., bowls vs. cups, tables vs. chairs) is a core principle of language and higher-level reasoning. But does such role-filler independence also arise in automatic visual processing? Here, we show that it does, by exploring a surprising error that such independence can produce. In four experiments, participants saw a stream of images containing different objects arranged in force-dynamic relations — e.g., a phone contained in a basket, a marker resting on a garbage can, or a knife sitting in a cup. Participants had to respond to a single target image (e.g., a phone in a basket) within a stream of distractors presented under time constraints. Surprisingly, even though participants completed this task quickly and accurately, they false-alarmed more often to images matching the target's relational category than to those that did not — even when those images involved completely different objects. In other words, participants searching for a phone in a basket were more likely to mistakenly respond to a knife in a cup than to a marker on a garbage can. Follow-up experiments ruled out strategic responses and also controlled for various confounding image features. We suggest that visual processing represents relations abstractly, in ways that separate roles from fillers.
Ageing- and Dementia-Friendly Design: Theory and evidence from neuropsychology can contribute to guidelines that minimise spatial disorientation
Authors: Wiener Jan , Pazzaglia Francesca
Published: May 2020

Many older people, both with and without dementia, eventually move from their familiar home environments into unfamiliar surroundings, such as sheltered housing or care homes, and the age-related decline in wayfinding skills can make it difficult to learn to navigate in these new, unfamiliar environments. To facilitate the transition to their new accommodation it is therefore important to develop retirement complexes and care homes specifically designed to reduce the wayfinding difficulties of older people and those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Residential complexes that are designed to support spatial orientation and that compensate for impaired navigation abilities would make it easier for people with dementia to adapt to their new living environment. This would improve the independence, quality of life and well-being of residents, and reduce the caregivers’ workload. Based on these premises, the present paper reviews the existing literature on how neuropsychology and environmental psychology can contribute to ageing- and dementia-friendly design with a view to minimising spatial disorientation. After an introduction of the cognitive mechanisms and processes involved in spatial navigation, and the changes that occur in typical and atypical ageing, research from the field of environmental psychology is considered, highlighting design factors likely to facilitate (or impair) indoor wayfinding in complex buildings. Finally, neuropsychological theories and design knowledge are combined to suggest improved ageing- and dementia-friendly design guidelines that aim to minimize spatial disorientation by focusing on residual navigation skills.
Reading direct speech quotes increases theta phase-locking evidence for cortical tracking of inner speech?
Authors: Yao Bo , Taylor Jason R. , Banks Briony , Kotz Sonja A.
Published: May 2020

Growing evidence shows that theta-band (4-7Hz) activity in the auditory cortex phase-locks to rhythms of overt speech. Does theta activity also encode the rhythmic dynamics of inner speech? Previous research established that silent reading of direct speech quotes (e.g., Mary said: “This dress is lovely!”) elicits more vivid inner speech than indirect speech quotes (e.g., Mary said that the dress was lovely). As we cannot directly track the phase alignment between theta activity and inner speech over time, we used EEG to measure the brain’s phase-locked responses to the onset of speech quote reading. We found that direct (vs. indirect) quote reading was associated with increased theta phase synchrony over trials at 250-500 ms post-reading onset, with sources of the evoked activity estimated in the speech processing network. An eye-tracking control experiment confirmed that increased theta phase synchrony in direct quote reading was not driven by eye movement patterns, and more likely reflects synchronous phase resetting at the onset of inner speech. These findings suggest a functional role of theta phase modulation in reading-induced inner speech.
Lasso and Group Lasso with Categorical Predictors: Impact of Coding Strategy on Variable Selection and Prediction
Authors: Huang Yihuan , Tibbe Tristan , Tang Amy , Montoya Amanda Kay
Published: May 2020

Machine learning methods are being increasingly adopted in behavioral research. Lasso regression performs variable selection and regularization, and is particularly appealing to behavioral researchers because of its connection to linear regression. Researchers may expect properties of linear regression to translate to lasso, but we demonstrate that this assumption is problematic for models with categorical predictors. Specifically, we demonstrate that while the coding strategy used for categorical predictors does not impact the performance of linear regression, it does impact lasso’s performance. Group lasso is an alternative to lasso for models with categorical predictors. We investigate the discrepancy between lasso and group lasso models using a real data set: lasso performs different variable selection and has different prediction accuracy depending on the coding strategy, while group lasso performs consistent variable selection but has different prediction accuracy. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate a specific case where group lasso tends to include many variables when few are needed, leading to overfitting. We conclude with recommended solutions to this issue and future directions of exploration to improve implementation of machine learning approaches in behavioral science. This project shows that when using lasso and group lasso with categorical predictors, the choice of coding strategy should not be ignored.
The Relationship between Infection-Avoidance Tendencies and Exclusionary Attitudes toward Foreigners: A Panel Study of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
Authors: Yamagata Mei , Teraguchi Tsukasa , Miura Asako
Published: May 2020

Amidst an outbreak of COVID-19 in January 2020, this study, which based on the behavioral immune system, focused on the preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 infection and Japanese people’s exclusionary attitude toward foreigners, examining the time-series changes associated with the spread of the novel coronavirus in Japan, which was one of the first countries to confirm cases outside China. Also, we examined the effects of individual differences in infection-avoidance tendencies and the frequency of people’s daily contact with foreigners. In late January, mid-February, and early March of 2020, this study conducted a panel survey 1,004 Japanese citizens aged 18 years or above living in Japan, and who had registered with the crowdsourcing service. The results indicated that as the spread of COVID-19 increased, tendencies toward infection-preventive behaviors increased, and exclusionary attitudes toward foreigners became stronger. Similarly, the avoidance response against unfamiliar people, including Japanese strangers increased. No relationship between the increased risk of infection and the Japanese respondents’ exclusionary attitudes toward the Chinese but were more negative than that for other groups. However, it is difficult to conclude that all the reported exclusionary behaviors and attitudes were irrational or excessive false-positive errors. People with strong infection-avoidance tendencies engaged in more preventive actions, regardless of whether they were living under normal circumstances or under threat of infection, and they indicated strong exclusionary attitudes toward foreigners in general and the Chinese specifically under threat of infection. We observed a moderating that the higher the frequency of daily contact with foreigners, the weaker the exclusionary attitudes toward them. This study recorded the behavioral and psychological states of people in Japan during the 40 days preceding the WHO’s 11 March 2020 declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected in Japan, where the infection spread widely early on, will provide valuable insights for countries anticipating significant social changes.
Monsters in the dark: the discovery of Thuggee and demographic knowledge in colonial India
Authors: Bhattacharya Sagnik
Published: May 2020

The thugs have been one of the most lasting images in the portrayal of India in Western imagination. Although several scholars have questioned the authenticity of the information contained in the thug archive, that is, the corpus of colonial knowledge about the thugs, Martine van Wœrkens and Tihanyi (The strangled traveler: colonial imaginings and the thugs of India. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002) and Macfie (Rethinking Hist 12 (3):383–397, 2008) argue that the very phenomenon as it was known to the British, was an orientalist construct. However, though the orientalist and romantic genesis of the thug imagery has been well established, the precise nature, reasons, and implications of the same largely remain “terra incognita”. This article examines the discovery of the thugs and analyzes parts of the thug-archive through the concept of the monster as elaborated by Mary Douglas (Purity and danger: an analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. Routledge, New York, 1966), Victor Turner (“Betwixt and between: the liminal period in rites de passage”. The forest of symbols. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967) and Michel Foucault et al. (Abnormal:lecturesattheColleg̀edeFrance,1974–1975.Picador,NewYork,2003),and establishes the thug as an epistemological monster emerging from the cracks and gaps in colonial information gathering mechanisms that arose as a result of the changing nature of the Indian “state” and the employment of alien categories for demographic knowledge pro- duction. The key question here is: how can we explain the sudden appearance of thugs in the colonial archive in the 1830s and the disproportionate interest of the administration in era- dicating them? This article analyzes the journalistic and legal discourse surrounding the thugs in the nineteenth century and tries to demonstrate how the notion of the “monster” can act as a methodological tool in explaining the efforts of the Thug Department. The argument is then concluded through an investigation into the implications of the discovery of the thugs for the teleology of Indian history and the consequence of “othering” tribal and other anomic populations in the new Weberian state that the colonial and post-colonial regimes envisioned to establish.
Cijepljenje kultivara ukrasnih japanskih javora
Authors: Drvodelić Damir , Oršanić Milan
Published: May 2020

U članku se govori o značaju ukrasnih japanskih javora u projektima krajobraznog uređenja prostora i njihovoj velikoj varijabilnosti. Detaljno je objašnjena metoda proizvodnje podloga iz sjemena i tehnika bočnog cijepljenja koja se provodi u zaštićenim prostorima krajem zime. Objašnjeni su svi čimbenici koje treba uzeti u obzir prije, za vrijeme i nakon cijepljenja. U članku su pojašnjene oznake koje se koriste u rasadničkoj proizvodnji cijepova, a preuzete se iz standarda europske udruge rasadničara - European Nurserystock Association (E.N.A.). Ovaj stručni rad može poslužiti svim rasadničarima, ali i pojedincima koji si sami žele razmnožiti određeni kultivar japanskog javora.
Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions of Personnel Training for Work With Gifted Children
Authors: Ryzhova Viktoria Sergeevna , Ryzhova Olga Semenovna
Published: May 2020

The experience of organizing work with gifted children in our country at the federal and regional levels – from targeted programs, educational centers to online portals of continuing education and charitable foundations of the All-Russian level is presented in the article. The goals, objectives and basic principles of the Sirius Educational Center are disclosed. The results of a survey of teachers and curators of Sirius about the features of working with gifted children are presented. A model of the organization of training personnel for work with gifted children is presented as a master's program in psychological and pedagogical direction, implemented at the Southern Federal University.
Sprawiedliwość administracyjna w świetle Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego z 1983 r.
Authors: Leszczyński Grzegorz
Published: May 2020

Taking up the value of administration in the law of Church, the author begins his reﬂections with a look at the history of administration of the Church. Then, he describes the different forms of administrative acts to defne the fundamental forms of administrative recourses. The last part of the author’s reﬂections is devoted to the conclusions and the future of the administrative law in the Church.
„Nie wszystek umrę, wiele ze mnie tu zostanie…”1. Aspekty prawne szczątków ludzkich jako dóbr kultury i integralności zwłok w tradycji kulturowej
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Jacek
Published: May 2020

Human remains, not just corpses, are sometimes cultural goods. In the frst part of our work, we present an outline of selected legal aspects of human remains. According to Polish law, corpses cannot have the status of historical monuments, but preparations from human remains are able to obtain such status. The remains can also be a part of monuments or archaeological monuments. In such cases, exposure to public display is subject to restrictions. Currently, special legal problems relate to “exotic” human remains that were included into Western museum collections during colonial times. The presented examples show that in the funeral tradition of our (and not only our) cultural circle, the integrity of human corpses and ashes was not considered a value in itself. Therefore, we believe that the current approachof the Polish courts to the fragmentation of ashes remaining after body cremation is too restrictive.
Konfrontacja bezpośrednia i pośrednia w kanonicznym procesie o nieważność małżeństwa (kan. 1560 § 2 KPK)
Authors: Pokorski Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

The argumentation is the central part of the canonical processes. The process is not possible without it. The proofs collected during the instruction lead the judge to the moral certitude about the matter. One of the proof allowed by the legislator is the confrontation. The legislator does not defne the concept of confrontation, but only shows its purpose, general conditions and the possibilities of its survey.  Confrontation is a specifc way of examination. It is diffcult to carry out a confrontation. The judge has to prepare it carefully. But confrontation can help the judge in fnding the truth if it is applied according to prescripts of the canon law.
Skuteczność zarządzania publicznego w kontekście idei zarządzania humanistycznego w podmiotach administracji publicznej
Authors: Romaniuk Paweł
Published: May 2020

The current examination of the issue shows that there is no uniformity and compatibility, how to identify the concepts characterizing the sake of research directed at the management science. Today teleological approach used and the system – do not provide complete knowledge, which would show the complexity of the associated management system, which will be a key indication of the effciency of various approaches to public management. The article discussed already in the literature, the concept of effciency of public management based on the idea agathos, and this approach is complementary to the existing management humanistic reasoning.
Postępowanie administracyjne w sprawie czasowego odebrania zwierzęcia
Authors: Rotkiewicz-Szarnowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of the article is to present the administrative proceedings concerning the temporary taking the animal from the owner or the keeper of the animal. The author notices that the institution of the temporary taking an animal raised great interest in literature and judicial decisions of the administrative courts. The legislator decided that the competent authority may take an animal from the owner or the keeper of an animal because of the inhumane treatment of this animal. Such decision is provisional because in the long term, the criminal court should take the fnal decision in the criminal proceedings. The author shares the opinion that this institution aims to ensure the effective protection from the inhumane treatment of animals, taking account of their specifc needs. The considerations concerning the temporary taking an animal lead to the conclusion that the administrative body should obey the principles on the effective investigation and documentation of cruel and inhumane treatment of animals.
Ekologiczne zamówienia publiczne na tle zasady równego traktowania i uczciwej konkurencji
Authors: Bendorf-Bundorf Maciej
Published: May 2020

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie ekologicznych zamówień publicznych z perspektywy zasady równego traktowania i uczciwej konkurencji wykonawców uczestniczących w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego. Proekologiczna instrumentalizacja zamówień publicznych powinna bowiem następować w zgodzie z podstawową funkcją systemu publicznych wydatków, jaką jest zapewnienie jak najszerszego dostępu do krajowych rynków dla wykonawców z całej Unii Europejskiej. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wybranych przejawów uwzględniania aspektów środowiskowych w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego oraz ich ocena z punktu widzenia postulatu zapewnienia efektywności publicznych wydatków. W tym kontekście fundamentalne znaczenie ma zasada równego traktowania i uczciwej konkurencji, która stanowi bezwzględną wytyczną wobec działań zamawiającego w każdym z prowadzonych postępowań zamówieniowych.  Nowoczesne zamówienia publiczne powinny być realizowane w zgodzie z określonymi standardami środowiskowymi. Należy jednak podkreślić, że efektywność zamówień publicznych jest bezpośrednio związana z zasadą równego traktowania i uczciwej konkurencji. Wyłącznie bowiem w warunkach presji konkurencyjnej, oferty składane przez wykonawców wykazywać będą najlepszy stosunek jakości do ceny, a tym samym zamawiający będzie miał możliwość wyboru oferty obiektywnie najkorzystniejszej na danym rynku towarów czy usług.
Analiza przeprowadzania oględzin w sprawach zabójstw jako metoda badawcza wykonywania czynności kryminalistycznych
Authors: Juszka Kazimiera , Juszka Karol
Published: May 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stosowanej w kryminalistyce jakościowej metody badawczej polegającej na analizie decyzji organów ścigania dotyczących prowadzenia czynności kryminalistycznych na przykładzie przeprowadzania oględzin w sprawach zabójstw przez wszystkie etapy wykonywania tej czynności.
Rodzaje i funkcje kar w prawie Kościoła prawosławnego w Polsce
Authors: Płońska Emilia
Published: May 2020

Kultura prawna Kościoła prawosławnego w Polsce ma swoje źródło w prawie kanonicznym, liturgicznym i administracyjnym. Zakres kryminalizacji czynów zabronionych w prawosławiu jest bardzo szeroki. Obejmuje on swym zasięgiem wiele sfer życia człowieka m. in. kultu, doktryny i moralności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie różnorodności i specyfiki kar stosowanych w Kościele prawosławnym. Wykazano, że kara w Kościele prawosławnym ma wymiar religijny i religijno - prawny. Stosowana jest w celach profilaktycznych a nie represyjnych. Sankcje kościelne są stopniowalne i zróżnicowane. Sposób, forma ścigania i osądu czynu zabronionego jest uzależniona od ciężaru gatunkowego czynu, jego rodzaju, stopnia szkodliwości społecznej, kategorii sprawcy.
Komisja Kestenbauma i jej sukcesorzy: zadania statutowe i działalność
Authors: Sokalska Edyta
Published: May 2020

Studia nad federalizmem przybrały na kontynencie europejskim szybsze tempo wraz z rozwojem Unii Europejskiej, która zdaje się obecnie przechodzić kryzys w kontekście „Brexit-u” i głosów państw członkowskich o nierównym traktowaniu. Federalizm stał się również atrakcyjną teorią w związku z rozwojem innych organizacji międzynarodowych oraz ponadnarodowych. Analizowane jest jego znaczenie dla wyzwań współczesnej ekologii, wpływu na przezwyciężenie kryzysu finansowego na świecie. Podejmowana jest jednocześnie kwestia, jakie są skutki federalizmu dla rozwoju demokracji i ochrony praw człowieka. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja działań utworzonej w 1953 r. Komisji Kestenbauma (the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations) oraz Amerykańskiej Komisji Doradczej ds. Stosunków Międzyrządowych (the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations), która powstała w 1959 r. Organa te odegrały znaczącą rolę w rozwoju amerykańskiego federalizmu. ACIR dzięki szerokiej reprezentacji był w stanie opracować długoterminowe rekomendacje i analizy odzwierciedlające różnorodność i uwzględniające podobieństwa poszczególnych stanów. Komisja nakreśliła swój własny program, biorąc pod uwagę doświadczenia swoich członków, kontakty w systemie federalnym, a także sugestie urzędników publicznych, grup obywateli i bieżące problemy w stosunkach międzyrządowych. ACIR w drugiej połowie XX w. odegrał wyjątkową rolę w monitorowaniu amerykańskiego systemu federalnego, a także w identyfikowaniu pojawiających się problemów oraz regularnym przekazywaniu informacji na poziomie federalnym i stanowym w celu rozważenia modyfikacji organizacji systemu federalnego, aby zwiększyć jego efektywność.
Mechanizm organizacyjno-prawny do zakończenia reformy gruntowej na Ukrainie
Authors: Zyhrii Olha
Published: May 2020

Artykuł dotyczy problematycznych kwestii reformy rolnej na Ukrainie. W tym czasie powstały nowe stosunki gruntów, charakteryzujące się nowymi ramami legislacyjnymi i regulacyjnymi, różnorodnymi formami własności gruntów, stworzeniem rynkowego systemu państwowego katastru gruntów itp. Jednak w ostatnich latach wystąpiły negatywne konsekwencje działań politycznych, które objawiły się zaburzeniami organizacyjnymi w organach państwowych w zakresie zarządzania zasobami i użytkowaniem gruntów. Prace legislacyjne ostatnich lat powinny zakończyć reformę rolną, a nie odwrotnie. Obecne moratorium na sprzedaż gruntów rolnych pozbawiło właścicieli ich gruntów swobodnego rozporządzania nimi. Na szczeblu państwowym liczba działek maleje i koncentruje się w rękach oligarchów, co prowadzi do kwitnącego programu korupcji. Celem tego artykułu jest analiza szeregu współczesnych zagadnień związanych z regulacją prawną stosunków gruntów, w szczególności dotyczących otwarcia rynku gruntów, a także opracowanie propozycji ich rozwiązania. W tym artykule omówiono organizacyjny i prawny mechanizm zakończenia reformy rolnej na Ukrainie. Przeprowadzana jest analiza ram prawnych i proponowane są zmiany w źródłach legislacyjnych i regulacyjnych w celu zrównoważenia procesu legislacyjnego i określenia obiecujących sposobów przekazania gruntów w ręce wydajnych użytkowników gruntów.
Wrongful conception po raz pierwszy na wokandzie Sądu Najwyższego
Authors: Bondaruk Szymon
Published: May 2020

The article closely analyses the very first wrongful conception action brought before the Polish Supreme Court in 2003. The court recognized the case as a precedent. When justifying its verdict it largely referred to the foreign case law and doctrine. The judgment clearly distinguished between the sheer fact of a baby being born as a generally positive event and the possible liability of a medical professional in wrongful conception cases, which allows for such cases to be heard before Polish courts. The judgment also established the scope of possible compensation as all expenses related to the pregnancy and birth and the loss of income stemming from them. Furthermore, the court established the right to seek moral compensation as a part of wrongful conception action claims. The judgment served as a trailblazer for future wrongful conception and wrongful birth verdicts.
Problematyka prawa do grobu w kontekście dóbr osobistych
Authors: Chodorowska Anna , Szumkowski Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The historical feature of the protection of corpses, as well as the development of funerary tendencies, is an integral part of the functioning of our civilization, from the very beginning of time. The approach to death depends on the cultural and denominational circle as well as time. Respect for the living and the dead was in the past a separate division of civilization and thought development. Nowadays, new trends can be observed in the development of the protection of the human individual, as well as his name or reverence. In modern Polish legislation, the open catalog of personal rights (Article 23 of the Civil Code) is a wide field of interpretation in the very problem of the existence of specific goods. Undoubtedly from the provision of art. 23 k.c, it follows that this protection is due to the live unit, and thus only until its death. In modern Polish legislation, the open catalog of personal rights (Article 23 of the Civil Code) is a wide field of interpretation in the very problem of the existence of specific goods. Undoubtedly from the provision of art. 23 k.c, it follows that this protection is due to the live unit, and thus only until its death. At the moment when, according to the law, we cease to deal with a living person, and we start talking about corpses, certain rights are ceded to the closest persons, some are subject to inheritance. The right that people who are closest to someone’s death to cultivate this person according to their own conscience and religion and the contract between the entity authorized to burial and the cemetery management, as well as a number of related circumstances (on the drudge of several areas of law), will be called the right to the grave. The existence of the right to the grave belongs to arguable issues, as the liberty of the subject granting a certain sphere of possibility of proceedings, including its the scope of power. In the article, the Authors also discuss the issues related to the offense described in the art. 261 and 262 of the Polish Criminal Code. The dogmatic analysis carried out with regard to elements of a prohibited act has made it possible to establish, the scope of criminalization of these acts.
Uwagi na temat wykonywania władzy rodzicielskiej
Authors: Kogut Edyta
Published: May 2020

The subject connected with the legal representation of a child by a parent in Poland and with the limitation of parental responsibility has become a significant issue in the area of family law. This field has long remained beyond the scope of both research and reﬂection. The article raises the issue of rights and obligations towards a child arising from being a parent. It also shows how the institution of limitation and deprivation of parental responsibility works. The aim of this paper is not only to analyze such a difficult subject, that is the imitation of parental authority, but the effects it has on a child as well. A comparative method and descriptive technique have been used in this study.
Zastosowanie przepisów ogólnych dotyczących administracyjnych kar pieniężnych w sprawach wymierzania kar za zajęcie pasa drogowego
Authors: Kopacz Marta
Published: May 2020

On 1 June 2017, the general provisions concerning imposing and administering administrative monetary penalties or granting relief in its execution, entered into force. As a result of the conducted research, it has been determined, that these provisions, although to a limited extent, are also applicable in cases involving monetary penalties for occupancy of the road lane administered in accordance with the provisions of the Act of 21 March 1985. on Public Roads. There are three premises in the group of these provisions, which allow a discharge of liability for this administrative tort: force majeure, events that result in an enouncement of inﬂicting a punishment and limitation for administrative tort. Furthermore, in such cases applicable are general provisions relating to such matters as granting relief in its execution monetary penalty, as well as provision permitting the application of the more lenient law to a party.
Migracje i migranci środowiskowi – konsekwencje zmian środowiska przyrodniczego
Authors: Krajewski Piotr
Published: May 2020

Howsoever the term “environmental migrants” seems to be a neologism, a phenomenon of migration determined by changes in environmental conditions of life that has existed since ancient times. The element of newness results above all from the size and consequences of the mass of people's movements over shorter or longer distances. It turns out that both the causes and subsequent effects of these migrations are numerous, complex, and difficult to quantify. It causes many problems of organizational, administrative and legal nature, as it is not easy even to develop theoretical assumptions for institutions, joining environmental, social, economic and political factors.
Attitude Towards Language in Sociolinguistics Settings: A Brief Overview
Authors: Amin Ahmad
Published: May 2020

The use of language is a form of social interaction that occurs in various situations. Social interaction will live from the activity of talking to members of the language users. Language is also a means to show self-identity. Through language, we can show our viewpoint, our origins and nations, our education level, even our nature. From the sociolinguistic perspective, language attitude in multilingual society is an interesting phenomenon to study. Language behaviour and attitude towards language are the two things that are closely related, which can determine the choice of languages as well as the survival of a language. The study of sociolinguistics is addressing the phenomena of language selection as a discourse in the event of communication and demonstrating the social and cultural identity of the speech participants. Community members are constantly changing variations in the use of language.
Bilingual Education vs English-only Approach at Australia’s Northern Territory Schools
Authors: Rahman Fadhlur
Published: May 2020

The present library research highlights the “English-only” approach used in the Aboriginal classrooms in Northern Territory (NT) schools, Australia. This library study collects its data from five decades (1968-2018) of research and theorisation on the implementation of English instruction at Indigenous classrooms in Australia by referring to the changes of approaches from bilingual instruction policy to the current “English-only” approach. The writer then reports the problems occurred in the implementation of this approach in the specific classroom interaction. Factors like socio-cultural gap and dysfunctional discourse were found to be influencing the ineffective English-only classroom in the NT schools. What alternatives may have been tried in the Northern territory schools and to what degree of success?
Dermoscopic rosettes as a clue for atypical molluscum contagiosum
Authors: Sánchez-Bernal Javier , Ara-Martín Mariano , Abadías-Granado Isabel , Yélamos Oriol
Published: May 2020

Molluscum contagiosum (MC), a frequent viral infection, is generally easy to diagnose because of its characteristic clinical features. However, atypical presentations can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Dermoscopy has helped in this cases by showing a characteristic dermoscopic pattern composed of a central pore or umbilication in conjunction with polylobular white to yellow amorphous structures, surrounded by linear or branched vessels (‘red crown”). However, additional dermoscopic patterns can be found. Herein we present two MC cases where rosettes were seen on dermoscopy
Neoplasias melanocíticas spitzoides: Estudio clínico-histopatológico de 62 lesiones en un hospital universitario chileno.
Authors: Vargas-Mora Pablo , González Rubén , Ramírez María Constanza , Pizarro Kharla , Morales Claudia
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las neoplasias spitzoides son tumores melanocíticos con un espectro biológico variable, que constituyen un desafío diagnóstico. Los estudios en población latinoamericana, son muy escasos, no contando con series chilenas.Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica e histopatológicamente a los pacientes con neoplasias spitzoides en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile.Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo, basado en revisión de fichas clínicas y biopsias de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de nevo de Spitz (NS), tumor atípico de Spitz y melanoma spitzoide, entre 1995-2018. Se analizó: edad, sexo, características clínicas e histopatológicas.Resultados: Se estudiaron 62 neoplasias spitzoides. 39 mujeres (62,9%). Edad promedio de 18,9 (+14,3) años. Localización de lesiones: 8 (12,9%) cabeza, 6 (9,7%) tronco, 17 (27,4%) extremidades superiores y 22 (35,5%) extremidades inferiores; en 9 (14,5%) no se registró. Tamaño promedio 5,5 mm. Respecto al diagnóstico clínico: 21 (33,9%) nevo melanocítico, 16 (25,8%) nevo atípico, 12 (19,4%) NS, 7 (11,3%) lesiones vasculares, 3 (4,8%) melanoma y 3 (4,8%) otro. En cuanto al diagnóstico histopatológico: NS clásico 38 (61,3%), Nevo de Reed 9 (14,5%), NS desmoplásico 2 (3,2%), NS atípico 8 (12,9%) y melanoma spitzoide 5 (8,1%).Conclusión: El presente estudio constituye la primera serie chilena de neoplasias spitzoides, según la literatura revisada. Destaca el mayor número de lesiones en mujeres y en extremidades, lo que ya había sido informado en otras series similares. Considerando la dificultad en el diagnóstico clínico preoperatorio, destaca un número mayor de sospecha de neoplasias spitozoides comparado a otros estudios.
How Can Quality of Dementia Care Be Measured? The Development of Clinical Quality Indicators for an Australian Pilot Dementia Registry
Authors: Ayton Darshini , Gardam Madeleine , Ward Stephanie , Brodaty Henry , Pritchard Elizabeth , Earnest Arul , Krysinska Karolina , Banaszak-Holl Jane , McNeil John , Ahern Susannah
Published: May 2020

Background:

A clinical quality registry (CQR) for dementia provides benefits to those living with dementia and their carers by improving the quality and experience of care through benchmarking and monitoring patient outcomes. CQRs use data collected to form clinical quality indicators (CQIs) through which variations in clinical processes and outcomes between different services and jurisdictions can be highlighted.

Objective:

This modified Delphi study aimed to develop CQIs for a pilot Australian CQR for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. These CQIs are based on evidence, patient and caregiver experience, and clinician perspectives across the trajectory of care from diagnosis to end-of-life.

Methods:

An initial list of indicators from existing dementia registries, academic literature, and clinical practice guidelines was synthesized. A working group of clinicians and registry experts further refined these indicators. A panel of experts comprised of a consumer, a carer, clinicians, consumer organization representatives, and academics. The experts participated in three phases of the modified Delphi study: 1) online survey for scoring importance and validity, 2) a one-day face-to-face discussion, and 3) final survey round to assess importance, validity, and feasibility.

Results:

The panel assessed 33 CQIs and confirmed a final set of 18 indicators. The CQIs mapped to the domains of quality of diagnosis, quality of management, access to services and supports, and potentially preventable complications. These CQIs will be tested initially in memory clinics and inform the data collection processes for the Australia Dementia Network Registry (ADNet).

Conclusion:

A dementia CQR is fundamental to ongoing monitoring and development of good quality and consistent care across Australia.
Bactris guineensis (Arecaceae) extract: Polyphenol characterization, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines
Authors: Quesada María S. , Azofeifa Gabriela , Campone Luca , Pagano Imma , Pérez Ana M. , Cortés Carolina , Rastrelli Luca , Quesada Silvia
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Lower risk of digestive tract cancer development has been associated with polyphenol intake. Bactris guineensis is an edible endemic palm that grows in Central and South America. OBJECTIVE: This study performs a phenolic characterization of Bactris guineensis and evaluates the bioactivity of this fruit. METHODS: The phenolic compounds of B. guineensis were characterized by HPLC-UV-HRMS analyses and the antioxidant activity was measured by chemical and cellular methods. Additionally, cytotoxicity of B. guineensis polyphenols was performed on 4 cancer cell lines and the pro-apoptotic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry using annexin staining. RESULTS: The major phenolic compounds of B. guineensis were proanthocyanidins. The extract IC50 for DPPH was 3.3±0.2 μg/mL and for induced intracellular ROS was 153±13 μg/mL. MTT cytotoxic assays demonstrate IC50 values between 16.6 and 24.9 μg/mL for the colon and hepatic adenocarcinomas, with high selectivity effects towards cancer cells compared to non-tumor cells. A 20 to 50% early apoptotic effect was observed in cancer cells lines by Annexin/PI staining. CONCLUSIONS: B. guineensis evidenced an important radical scavenging activity and a strong cytotoxic activity against hepatic and colorectal carcinoma cells, showing better values than procyanidin extracts from other fruits previously described.
La población inmigrante de origen extranjero y su impacto en las sociedades europeas
Authors: Recolons Arquer Lluís
Published: May 2020

Esta nota presenta algunas características significativas que enmarcan la actualidad del tema de la inmigración en Europa. Constata que la mayoría de la población inmigrante se encuentra en fases avanzadas del proceso migratorio, con una perspectiva de permanencia estable. Piensa que es el momento de dar prioridad a la política de integración, al tiempo que alude a las situaciones de marginación. Trata también la globalización y sus efectos desiguales en el Norte y en el Sur, relacionándolo con el tema del desarrollo de los países de origen como alternativa a las migraciones. Finaliza con una referencia a la posibilidad del retorno a sus países.
El proceso de regionalización en Marruecos
Authors: Ojeda García Raquel
Published: May 2020

Analiza el proceso de regionalización iniciado en Marruecos, cuyo punto de partida fue un discurso del Rey Hassan II, propuesta que fue recogida en la Constitución de 1996 y en la carta regional de 1997. Este proceso tiene un carácter descentralizador y carece de un reconocimiento de autonomía. Hay por tanto una clara diferencia con la organización del Estado español en comunidades autónomas. Utiliza la distinción entre regionalización y regionalismo. Se refiere a la situación actual de las regiones, aludiendo a su representación en la segunda cámara y a sus escasas competencias. Insiste asimismo en las posibilidades de una mayor democratización a partir de esta organización de carácter regional.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO, DAN CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP PRICE EARNING RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR TRADE, SERVICES, AND INVESTMENT YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PADA PERIODE 2014-2018
Authors: Tri Wulandari, Boy Agustinus Maudy Syafira, Meithalia Chandra,
Published: May 2020

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, sifat penelitian eksplanatory. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 132 perusahaan Trade, Service, and Investment dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purpose sampling berjumlah 14 perusahaan Trade, Service, and Investment yang memenuhi kriteria. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara simultan Leverage (DER), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), dan Current Ratio (CR) berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada perusahaan sektor trade, service, and investment yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018 dengan hasil Fhitung ≥ Ftabel dan signifikan 8,259 ≥ 2,74 dan 0.000 ≤ 0,05. Secara parsial Leverage, dan Current Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap Price Earning Ratio, sedangkan Dividend Payout Ratio berpengaruh signifikan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio. Hasil analisis koefisien determinasi diperoleh nilai Adjusted R2 menunjukkan variasi variable Price Earning Ratio(PER) yang dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi variable pengaruh Leverage (DER), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), dan Current Ratio (CR) sebesar24% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 76% dijelaskan oleh variasi variabel lainnya.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEBSITE TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI MAN 1 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Maemunah Sa’diyah Alwie,
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Bogor. Rendahnya motivasi belajar disebabkan kurangnya variasi metode dalam proses pembelajaran dan mendominasinya metode ceramah yang menyebabkan siswa kurang bersemangat dan antusias dalam proses belajar dikelas. Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk menerapkan salah satu alternatif pembelajaran yang dapat meningatkan motivasi belajar siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Website. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis website terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di MAN 1 Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis website dan kelas kontrol menggunakan metode ceramah. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian adalah uji-t. Hasil uji-t diperoleh ͭ hitung = 5,878 ˃  ͭ tabel = 2,000 sehingga Ha diterima. Hal ini berarti ada pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis website terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di MAN 1 Kota Bogor.
KANDUNGAN TINGGI ANTIOKSIDAN TEMPE GUDE (Cajanus sajan) MENURUNKAN KADAR GLUKOSAN DARAH
Authors: Danianti I Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Published: May 2020

Hiperglikemia pada DM dapat meningkatkan autooksidasi glukosa, glikasi protein dan aktivasi jalur poliol sehingga mempercepat pembentukkan senyawa oksigen reaktif yang merupakan faktor utama penyebab komplikasi DM. Methods: Kami mengevaluasi formulasi tempe gude (25%, 50% dan 75%) yang telah dilakukan pengujian jumlah total dan aktivitas antioksidannya, selanjutnya disubstitusi pada pakan standar selama 14 hari dan dilihat pengaruhnya terhadap kadar glukosa dan profil lipid yang dibandingkan dengan sebelum perlakuan. Results: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total antioksidan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tempe gude (Cajanus sajan) secara berurutan adalah 15% dan 41,30%. Di sisi lain, pemberian tempe gude dengan formulasi 75% dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 44,08 % , total kolesterol 34,38%, trigliserida 35,80%, dan LDLKolesterol sebesar 43,22% (p<0.05) dibandingkan dengan pemberian formulasi tempe gude 25% dan 50%. Selanjutnya pemberian formulasi tempe gude sebesar 75% memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap peningkatan kadar HDL yaitu 56,20% (p<0.05). Keseluruhan pengujian formulasi tempe yang digunakan dibandingkan dengan hasil sebelum perlakuan.
Do You Understand What You’re Reading? Lasting Religious Education as a Response to the Contemporary Challenges in Reaching the World for Christ
Authors: Kushner Mario
Published: May 2020

Temeljna misao Lausannskih kongresâ i Capetownskog iskaza, kao konačnog proizvoda trećeg kongresa, mogla bi se sažeti riječima “Crkva mora evangelizirati svijet”. Iz toga „borbenog pokliča“ proizlaze izazovi poznavanja Evanđelja i savladavanja vještinâ potrebnih za sprovođenje tog plana. Ovaj članak ističe da je oba izazova moguće savladati jedino kroz dosljednu službu obrazovanja unutar lokalnih zajednica vjernikâ.
COVID-19 y la transición energética
Authors: Ayala-Chauvin Manuel Ignacio , Riba Genís
Published: May 2020

La COVID-19 ha dejado en evidencia que nuestra vida cotidiana depende en una elevada proporción al acceso a la energía. Por tanto, ahora más nunca, es necesario potenciar las actividades de Km0 como la producción local de alimentos, pero también la captación local de energía. Este artículo es un intento de exponer y cuantificar los beneficios de una transición energética renovable en Ecuador post COVID-19 y post petróleo. Se caracterizó la generación, los consumos y las reservas de petróleo de Ecuador, y se aplicó el concepto de transición energética para evaluar las posibilidades de integración de renovables, la salida progresiva de las centrales térmicas y las estrategias energéticas futuras. Se tomó como base el año 2015 y se determinó que el uso energético fue de 154.0 TWh/año, que corresponde a un uso final de aproximadamente 147 TWh/año. Se planteó como objetivo la reducción esa demanda de uso final a 80.0 TWh/año al 2055 a través de la integración de renovables y eficiencia energética, para lo cual se planificaron 5 fases de transición hasta obtener un sistema 100% renovable. Se concluye que es técnicamente posible y económicamente viable la transición energética en Ecuador, sin renunciar al bienestar energético que disfrutamos actualmente.