bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultura de conciliación y conflicto trabajo/familia en trabajadores con turnos laborales
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Vanessa , Palací Descals Francisco , Topa Cantisano Gabriela
Published: March 2018

ResumenEl número de personas que compaginan de forma simul­tánea el trabajo con las responsabilidades familiares ha aumentado en España de forma considerable en éstas tres últimas décadas. Entre otras razones esto puede ser con­secuencia del aumento de familias monoparentales, de la incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral y emprende­dor, de la existencia de parejas con dobles carreras profe­sionales y con diferentes horarios. Esta influencia recí­proca entre los contextos laboral y no laboral puede tra­ducirse en una situación de equilibrio o en un conflicto. Se ha identificado una relación negativa entre las políti­cas de conciliación y las experiencias de conflicto traba­jo-familia (Poelmans, 2001), también se ha detectado el efecto moderador del apoyo social. Esta última íntima­mente relacionada con la cultura organizacional de conci­liación trabajo-familia. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en realizar un análisis de la relación existente entre la cultura de conciliación trabajo-familia en la or­ganización y la percepción conflicto trabajo/familia en trabajadores de una institución pública perteneciente al sector de la seguridad con diferentes turnos de trabajo. Los resultados indican una relación significativa entre los turnos laborales y la percepción de conflicto en la que la cultura de conciliación no parece ejercer un efecto mode­rador significativo.AbstractThe number of people who simultaneously combine work with family responsibilities has increased greatly in Spain in the last three decades. Among other reasons, this phenomenon is due to a growing of single-parent families, participation of women in the labor market and entrepreneurship and dual-career couples managing different schedules. That reciprocal influence of labor on non-labor situations it translates into conflict or a general equilibrium context. A negative relationship between experiences of work-family conflict and reconciliation policies has been identified (Poelmans, 2001) and moderating effect of social support has also been detected. This latter one is closely associated with the organization’s culture related to family-work life balance. The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationship between organizations’ work-family conciliation cultures and perception of work-family conflict in shift work. All participants are employees working in the public security sector and the results showed a significant relationship between employee’s perception of work-family conflict and shift work. Likewise, it seems that moderation effect of culture conciliation is not significant in our analysis.
Factores de riesgo de violencia filio-parental: Una aproximación con juicio de expertos
Authors: Loinaz Ismael , Andrés-Pueyo Antonio , Pereira Roberto
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa violencia filio-parental (VFP) es un tipo de violencia familiar, caracterizada por agresiones de distinta índole dirigidas hacia progenitores o personas que ocupen su lu­gar. Este trabajo describe la creación de la primera he­rramienta de evaluación del riesgo de VFP, desarrollada a través de la revisión bibliográfica, la opinión de exper­tos y aplicaciones piloto en contexto clínico. Se analiza­ron 112 respuestas de profesionales sobre la adecuación de 28 factores de riesgo. También se valoró el interés/utilidad/necesidad de la propuesta de una guía para la valoración del riesgo de VFP. Los resultados mostraron un gran acuerdo entre profesionales, así como una valo­ración positiva de la propuesta. Tras la aplicación piloto de la guía en siete casos y la discusión con expertos, se ela­boró la versión final compuesta por 24 factores de riesgo, seis de protección y 15 variables incluidas en una sección inicial. AbstractChild-to-parent violence (CPV), also known as adoles­cent-to-parent abuse (APA), is a type of family violence characterized by different kinds aggressions directed to­wards parents or people in their place. This paper de­scribes the development of the first CPV risk assessment tool, derived from bibliographic review, expert opinion, and pilot applications in clinical context. Responses of 112 professionals about the adequacy of 28 factors as well as the interest/utility/need of the proposal of a risk assessment tool for CPV were analyzed. Results showed a great agreement among professionals, as well as a pos­itive evaluation of the proposal. After the pilot applica­tion of the tool in 7 cases and discussion with experts, the final version was composed of 24 risk factors and 6 pro­tective factors, as well as 15 variables included in an ini­tial section.
Españoles e Inmigrantes Latinoamericanos condenados por violencia de género: ¿Existe un perfil diferencial?
Authors: Vargas Viviana , Lila Marisol , Catalá-Miñana Alba , Gracia Enrique
Published: March 2018

ResumenDiversas investigaciones destacan el rol de las diferen­cias culturales y de los factores relacionados con la inmi­gración en la violencia contra la pareja. El objetivo de este trabajo era analizar si existe un perfil diferencial en­tre hombres maltratadores españoles (n = 400) e inmi­grantes latinoamericanos (n = 117). Para ello se seleccio­naron variables según el modelo ecológico y se contrasta­ron ambos grupos mediante ANOVAs, MANOVAs y Chi-cuadrados. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron dife­rencias significativas a nivel individual y contextual entre maltratadores españoles e inmigrantes latinoamericanos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estas diferencias en la prevención de la violencia contra la pareja a través de la intervención con los agresores. AbstractSome studies highlight the role of cultural differences and factors related to immigration with intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to determine if dif­ferential profile related to IPV between Spanish (n = 400) and Latin American immigrant batterers (n = 117) exist. For this purpose, variables are selected according to the ecological model and were compared between groups using ANOVAs, MANOVAs and Chi-square tests. Re­sults showed significant differences at individual and contextual level between groups. Implications of these differences in preventing IPV through intervention with offenders were discussed.
Atribución de responsabilidad ante la violencia sexual: Efecto del tipo de táctica, el género y el sexismo benévolo
Authors: Garrido-Macías Marta , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa violencia sexual es un problema actual sobre el que se necesita estudio empírico, pues afecta a más del 30 % de las mujeres en sus relaciones con los hombres. El obje­tivo de esta investigación ha sido comprobar el modo en el que el tipo de táctica utilizada para conseguir sexo, el género y el sexismo benévolo influyen en la responsabi­lidad que se le atribuye al agresor. Utilizando una mues­tra de 305 participantes, se presenta un escenario sexual en el contexto de una relación de pareja, en el que se ma­nipula el tipo de táctica utilizada para tener sexo (neutra, persuasión o coerción sexual). Los resultados indican que las personas responsabilizan más al agresor cuando la táctica utilizada es persuasión o coerción sexual, que cuando se utilizan tácticas no violentas (neutra). Además, se comprueba que los hombres con alto sexismo bené­volo culpan menos al agresor solamente cuando éste uti­liza tácticas más sutiles de violencia sexual (persuasión sexual), mientras que este efecto no ocurre en las muje­res. Estos resultados permiten proporcionar un marco teórico sobre el que incidir para establecer los límites de los comportamientos que se consideran aceptables o no en una relación, contribuyendo a su detección y rechazo, así como para considerar su influencia en la toma de de­cisión del ámbito jurídico en los casos de violencia de género.AbstractSexual violence is a current problem that requires em­pirical study, since it affects more than 30 % of women in their relationships with men. The aim of the research has been to verify the way in which the type of tactics used to obtain sex, along with gender and benevolent sexism can have an impact on the responsibility at­tributed to the aggressor. Using a sample of 305 partici­pants, a sexual scenario is presented in a relationship context where the type of tactic used to have sex (neutral, sexual coaxing, or sexual coercion) is manipulated. The results indicate that people attribute more responsibility to the aggressor when the tactic used is sexual coaxing or sexual coercion than when using non-violent (neutral) tactics. In addition, men with high benevolent sexism blame the aggressor less, but only when the subtlest tac­tics of sexual violence (sexual coaxing) are used, whereas this effect does not occur in women. These re­sults provide a theoretical framework for establishing the limits of the behaviours that are considered acceptable (or not) in a relationship, contributing to their detection and having implications for legal decision-making in cases of gender violence.
Pornografía infantil online: una revisión literaria de enfoque cultural
Authors: Lovelle María Inés , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat , Romeo Marina , Soria Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa eclosión de Internet a nivel mundial ha facilitado la diseminación de pornografía infantil, siendo esta consi­derada un crimen a escala internacional. Por ello, hemos considerado relevante analizar los aspectos culturales vinculados a este delito. El objetivo de la presente inves­tigación ha sido explorar los aspectos culturales incluidos en la literatura científica como variables clave para anali­zar este tipo de delitos, partiendo de las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede (2010) como marco teórico. Du­rante los años 2003 a 2016 se han publicado un total de 125 artículos sobre pornografía en la Web of Science®, si bien sólo 50 de ellos contenían referencias culturales implícitas o explícitas. Los resultados mostraron que son pocas las variables culturales consideradas, siendo el país de nacimiento o la raza las principalmente incluidas. El principal resultado de nuestra investigación constata la importancia de incorporar la dimensión cultural en el tra­bajo policial al establecer los indicadores que determinan el factor de riesgo en agresores. En este sentido, en el contexto europeo, herramientas como la Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) se han visto enriqueci­das a partir de los resultados de esta investigaciónAbstractDue to the Internet expansion around the world, child pornography is internationally considered as a crime, but we are uncertain of whether culture has some impact on it. The objective of the present review was to explore cultural aspects included in literature as key variables to analyse this type of crimes, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (2010) as theoretical framework. A total of 125 papers on pornography (period: 2003-2016) were found in Web of Science®; but only 50 contain some implicit or explicit cultural references. The results showed few cultural variables considered for the scientific approach to child pornography, being the country of birth or race the mainly only ones considered. The major contribution of our research highlights the importance to incorporate the cultural dimension in the police task to assess the indicators that determine the risk factors in aggressors. In this sense, the present research contributes to hypothesize probable cultural differences when using tools as the Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) in the European context.
Estudio de los efectos del anclaje en razonamientos judiciales en casos de disputa por la guarda y custodia
Authors: Fariña Francisca , Redondo Laura , Corrás Tania , Vilariño Manuel
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa formación de juicios y la toma de decisiones judicia­les deberían estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadísticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberían contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipótesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar información o hipótesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decisión. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midió a través de la demanda ini­cial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decisión del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los re­sultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un análisis de contenido sistemático de las sentencias prestó apoyo a la hipótesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el aho­rro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Además, las senten­cias ancladas contenían significativamente menos razo­namientos favorables a la custodia; menos información idiosincrásica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos información contextual, esto es, menos prueba ba­sada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formación de juicios y toma de deci­siones judiciales, así como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos.AbstractJudicial judgment and decision making should be sus­tained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hy­pothesis without confirming it and rejecting other infor­mation or alternative hypotheses though they may be rel­evant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases’ judi­cial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judi­cial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyn­cratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the an­chorage prevalence in judicial sentences.
Los procesos de implementación de los programas de mejora del aprendizaje y el rendimiento (PMAR). Perspectivas del profesorado, el alumnado y las familias//Processes of implementation of the programs for the improvement of the learning and the performance (PMAR). Perspectives of teachers, students and families
Authors: Amer Fernández Joan , Mir Gual Andreu
Published: March 2018

RESUMEN Los Programas de Mejora del Aprendizaje y el Rendimiento (PMAR) son activados con la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Cualidad Educativa (LOMCE) de 9 de Diciembre de 2013. Estos programas se enmarcan entre los programas de atención a la diversidad planteados desde la orientación educativa para combatir los procesos de desenganche, fracaso y abandono escolar. El artículo se propone como objetivo central analizar el incipiente proceso de implementación de los PMAR, a través de las valoraciones del alumnado, equipos docentes y familias. En concreto, se analiza el componente pedagógico del programa, el papel del profesorado, el perfil del alumnado y la relación del programa con sus trayectorias educativas. El enfoque metodológico es de carácter cualitativo y descriptivo, basado en entrevistas exploratorias. Con este objetivo, se han realizado entrevistas en tres centros educativos del municipio de Palma (Mallorca). Se han llevado a cabo un total de 14 entrevistas en las cuales han participado alumnado, docentes y familias. Los principales resultados apuntan una buena aceptación del programa, una inquietud por la reincorporación a la vía ordinaria (4º ESO) tras participar en el programa, un acento en la dimensión conductual y del rendimiento de los alumnos y unas trayectorias marcadas por las dificultades de aprendizaje.ABSTRACT Programs for the improvement of the learning and the performance (PMAR, acronym after the name in Spanish) are activated with the pass of the Organic Law for the improvement of the Educational Quality (LOMCE) of 9th December 2013. From a view of educational orienteering, these programs are embedded within the programs for the attention to the diversity to overcome processes of school dropout and failure. This article analyses the recent process of implementation of PMAR, through the opinions of the students, teachers and families. Specifically, it is studied the pedagogical component of the program, the role of the teachers, the student profiles and the relationship of the program with their educational trajectories. The methodological approach is qualitative and descriptive, based on interviews. With this goal, interviews have been undertaken in three secondary schools of the municipality of Palma (Mallorca). 14 interviews have been done, to students, teachers and families. Main results highlight a good acceptance of the program, concern about the reincorporation to the regular way (4th of Secondary Education) after participating in the program, a stress in the behavioural dimension and of the performance of the students, and trajectories defined by their difficulties for learning.
The Impact of Aquatic Exercise on Sleep Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kanupka Jennifer Wood , Oriel Kathryn N. , George Cheryl L. , Crist Lindi , Deardorff Kaitlyn , Douglass Danielle , Prenger Kiersten , Ulicny Rebecca , Wirick Danielle
Published: March 2018

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often demonstrate disturbed sleep behaviors that negatively impact daytime behavior. The purpose of this study was: 1) To determine if participation in aquatic exercise improves sleep duration in children with ASD, and 2) to examine the social validity of the intervention. A within-subjects crossover design over an 8 week period was used. Participants were assigned to the intervention (aquatic exercise 2x/ week for 1 hour) or the control (no exercise) condition for 4 weeks; they then switched conditions for 4 weeks. Sleep habits were recorded using the EMFIT QS sleep monitor. The IRP-15 was administered to parents after completion of the intervention to establish social validity. Mean sleep duration for intervention versus control was compared using the Wilcoxon-Signed Ranks Test. Statistically significant improvements (p=0.012) in sleep duration were observed (intervention:  9.27 hours vs control 8.37 hours). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze IRP-15 data indicating the majority of parents strongly agreed that aquatic exercise had a positive effect on their child’s sleep.
Results suggest that participation in an aquatic exercise program may lead to improved sleep duration in children with ASD, and is a socially valid intervention.
How the Attitude of Acceptance, Enthusiasm and Learning through Motivation Affects Brain Development in Children with Autism: A Literature Review
Authors: Prata Joana , Coelho Rui , Lawson Wenn
Published: March 2018

Research on the autism spectrum (AS) has expanded tremendously over the last two decades with exciting insights into underlying neurobiology. Neuroplasticity, the remarkable ability of the brain to form new connections as a result of experience, is not limited to specific parts of the brain nor does it have a time limit meaning that growth and learning are on-going processes. In this review we explore the impact of the attitude of acceptance, enthusiasm and learning through motivation on brain development in children on the AS. The first part of the review focusses on the impact of attitude on social, emotional and cognitive development, while the second part focusses on the impact of attitude on brain biology.
Communication Patterns of Adolescent Autism in Expressing Feelings to The Opposite Sex
Authors: Ismiarti Ria Dwi , Yusuf Munawir , Rohmad Zaini
Published: March 2018

Problems in this research is the pattern of communication conducted by adolescent autism in expressing feelings to the opposite sex and the uncontrolled behavior of adolescent autism in expressing the feeling to the opposite sex. The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the communication patterns of adolescent autism in expressing the feeling to the opposite sex as well to explain the uncontrollable behavior that may arise from autistic adolescents when feeling an attraction with the opposite sex. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative with the case study. Subjects in this study were autistic adolescents with an age range of 12 to 22 years, autistic adolescent parents, and teachers/therapists from autistic adolescents. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques by collecting data, organizing data systematically then interpreting data to others. Of the 2 subjects studied showed that communication adolescent autism to the opposite sex that makes them interested tend to passive, 2 subjects cannot communicate their feelings to the opposite sex firmly and clearly. They are more likely to show interest by staring at the opposite sex for long periods of time, walking back and forth near the opposite sex, or following the opposite sex everywhere. Not all autistic teenagers who are getting interested in the opponent have uncontrollable behavior, from 2 subjects there is only 1 who likes to suddenly kiss and hug the opposite sex that attracts him.
Data, models and ecosystem services: the Marine Ecosystems Research Programme
Authors: Somerfield Paul J.
Published: March 2018

The effects of marine ecosystem changes on ecosystem services are difficult to predict because of our limited understanding of marine food-webs, how they respond to changes in pressures, and how those changes then influence services. Biogeochemical ecosystem models do a good job of representing change in groups of organisms primarily influenced by spatio-temporal dynamics in physics and chemistry, such as phytoplankton and small zooplankton. For groups of organisms higher in the food-web, such as fish, mammals and birds, a variety of different modelling approaches are used. No particular approach attempts to model the entire system, each viewing the food-web from a different perspective. Links to services are rarely explicit. To allow us to respond appropriately to change we need to improve our understanding of, and ability to model, the marine ecosystem as a whole, and links between changes in the marine ecosystem and its ability to deliver services. The Marine Ecosystems Research Programme (www.marine-ecosystems.org.uk) provides mechanisms to bring together existing data, targeted new data, different models, and to link them to ecosystem services within a common framework. A key aim is to project effects of possible policy decisions on ecosystem services which are mediated by ecosystem processes.
Transient external force induces phenotypic reversion of malignant epithelial structures via nitric oxide signaling
Authors: Ricca Benjamin L , Venugopalan Gautham , Furuta Saori , Tanner Kandice , Orellana Walter A , Reber Clay D , Brownfield Douglas G , Bissell Mina J , Fletcher Daniel A
Published: March 2018

Non-malignant breast epithelial cells cultured in three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) form well organized, growth-arrested acini, whereas malignant cells form continuously growing disorganized structures. While the mechanical properties of the microenvironment have been shown to contribute to formation of tissue-specific architecture, how transient external force influences this behavior remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that brief transient compression applied to single malignant breast cells in lrECM stimulated them to form acinar-like structures, a phenomenon we term ‘mechanical reversion.’ This is analogous to previously described phenotypic ‘reversion’ using biochemical inhibitors of oncogenic pathways. Compression stimulated nitric oxide production by malignant cells. Inhibition of nitric oxide production blocked mechanical reversion. Compression also restored coherent rotation in malignant cells, a behavior that is essential for acinus formation. We propose that external forces applied to single malignant cells restore cell-lrECM engagement and signaling lost in malignancy, allowing them to reestablish normal-like tissue architecture.
Capillary pericytes express α-smooth muscle actin, which requires prevention of filamentous-actin depolymerization for detection
Authors: Alarcon-Martinez Luis , Yilmaz-Ozcan Sinem , Yemisci Muge , Schallek Jesse , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Can Alp , Di Polo Adriana , Dalkara Turgay
Published: March 2018

Recent evidence suggests that capillary pericytes are contractile and play a crucial role in the regulation of microcirculation. However, failure to detect components of the contractile apparatus in capillary pericytes, most notably α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), has questioned these findings. Using strategies that allow rapid filamentous-actin (F-actin) fixation (i.e. snap freeze fixation with methanol at −20°C) or prevent F-actin depolymerization (i.e. with F-actin stabilizing agents), we demonstrate that pericytes on mouse retinal capillaries, including those in intermediate and deeper plexus, express α-SMA. Junctional pericytes were more frequently α-SMA-positive relative to pericytes on linear capillary segments. Intravitreal administration of short interfering RNA (α-SMA-siRNA) suppressed α-SMA expression preferentially in high order branch capillary pericytes, confirming the existence of a smaller pool of α-SMA in distal capillary pericytes that is quickly lost by depolymerization. We conclude that capillary pericytes do express α-SMA, which rapidly depolymerizes during tissue fixation thus evading detection by immunolabeling.
High resolution crystal structures of the receptor-binding domain ofClostridium botulinumneurotoxin serotypes A and FA
Authors: Davies Jonathan R. , Hackett Gavin S. , Liu Sai Man , Acharya K. Ravi
Published: March 2018

The binding specificity of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is primarily a consequence of their ability to bind to multiple receptors at the same time. BoNTs consist of three distinct domains, a metalloprotease light chain (LC), a translocation domain (HN) and a receptor-binding domain (HC). Here we report the crystal structure of HC/FA, complementing an existing structure through the modelling of a previously unresolved loop which is important for receptor-binding. Our HC/FA structure also contains a previously unidentified disulphide bond, which we have also observed in one of two crystal forms of HC/A1. This may have implications for receptor-binding and future recombinant toxin production.
Five-brane actions in double field theory
Authors: Blair Chris D. A. , Musaev Edvard T.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We construct an action for NSNS 5-branes which is manifestly covariant under O(d, d). This is done by doubling d of the spacetime coordinates which appear in the worldvolume action. By formulating the DBI part of the action in a manner similar to a “gauged sigma model”, only half the doubled coordinates genuinely appear. Our approach allows one to describe the full T-duality orbit of the IIB NS5 brane, the IIA KKM and their exotic relations in one formalism. Furthermore, by using ideas from double field theory, our action can be said to describe various aspects of non-geometric five-branes.
Safety, security, and serving the public interest in synthetic biology
Authors: Gronvall Gigi Kwik
Published: March 2018

This article describes what may be done by scientists and by the biotechnology industry, generally, to address the safety and security challenges in synthetic biology. Given the technical expertise requirements for developing sound policy options, as well as the importance of these issues to the future of the industry, scientists who work in synthetic biology should be informed about these challenges and get involved in shaping policies relevant to the field.
Intimacy development in late adolescence: Longitudinal associations with perceived parental autonomy support and adolescents' self‐worth
Authors: Van Petegem Stijn , Brenning Katrijn , Baudat Sophie , Beyers Wim , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J.
Published: March 2018

The present longitudinal study tested for the role of perceived parental autonomy‐support and late adolescents' self‐worth in their intimacy development. A sample of 497 Belgian late adolescents (Mage = 17.9, 43.5% girls) participated in this two‐wave study. Results indicated that perceived autonomy‐supportive parenting did not relate significantly to change in adolescents' experienced intimacy (in terms of closeness and mutuality), but was associated with a decrease in unmitigated agency (an excessive focus on the self) and unmitigated communion (an excessive focus on the other) across time. Adolescents' self‐worth predicted an increase in experienced intimacy and a decrease in unmitigated agency and communion, and the initial level of experienced intimacy predicted an increase in self‐worth. Finally, results suggested that adolescents' self‐worth may mediate some of the longitudinal relations between perceived parental autonomy‐support and adolescents' intimate functioning. No evidence was found for moderation by romantic involvement, gender or age.
A double row epiploicoplasty for primary closure of free perforated sigmoid diverticulitis
Authors: Yücesoy Ali Naki
Published: March 2018

Acute free perforation of the sigmoid diverticulitis is an emergency surgical intervention required condition. Although the sigmoid resection and temporary end colostomy or abdominal lavage and drainage are the most commonly used surgical methods for its treatment, the most effective surgical method has not been established yet. We applied a different surgical method for the surgical treatment of free perforation of acute sigmoid diverticulitis outside of these surgical procedures. A double row epiploicoplasty was performed for surgical treatment of free perforated sigmoid diverticulitis with surgical success in a patient who had concominant serious diseases.
Posição do sesamoide lateral em relação ao segundo metatarso em pés com e sem hálux valgo
Authors: Machado Daniel Gonçalves , Gondim Elaine da Silva , Cohen José Carlos , Amorim Luiz Eduardo Cardoso
Published: March 2018

Objetivo Determinar se os sesamoides migram lateralmente nos pés com hálux valgo ou se apenas aparentam deslocar-se, mantendo sua relação com as demais estruturas do antepé.

Métodos Foram avaliadas radiografias na incidência anteroposterior com carga dos pés de 80 pacientes (94 pés) entre o período de 2015 e 2016. Dessas, 48 tinham ângulo de hálux valgo maior do que 15∘ (grupo hálux valgo) e 46 tinham ângulo de hálux valgo menor do que 15∘ (grupo controle). Foram medidas as distâncias da cabeça do primeiro metatarso e do sesamoide lateral ao eixo do segundo metatarso. Posteriormente, foram medidos os coeficientes dessas distâncias pelo comprimento do segundo metatarso, a fim de se ajustarem aos diferentes tamanhos de pés.

Resultados Tanto a medida absoluta quanto a medida relativa da cabeça do primeiro metatarso ao segundo metatarso foram significativamente diferentes nos dois grupos, tiveram correlação positiva com os ângulos de hálux valgo e intermetatarsal. Contudo, nem a distância absoluta nem a relativa do sesamoide lateral ao segundo metatarso foram diferentes nos dois grupos, bem como não se correlacionaram com os ângulos de hálux valgo e inter-metatarsal.

Conclusão Apesar do desvio medial do primeiro metatarso no hálux valgo, o sesamoide mantém sua relação com o segundo metatarso no plano transverso. Esse aparente deslocamento lateral pode levar a interpretação equivocada dessas radiografias. Tal fato é de suma importância no pré-, peri- e pós-operatório dos pacientes com hálux valgo.
Emergency Department and Inpatient Health Care Services Utilization by the Elderly Population: Hurricane Sandy in The State of New Jersey
Authors: McQuade Linda , Merriman Barry , Lyford Mark , Nadler Bella , Desai Sangeeta , Miller Roger , Mallette Samuel
Published: March 2018

Objective

In this investigation, we reported the increase in emergency department and inpatient admission cases during the month of November 2012 post Hurricane Sandy as compared with baseline (November 2010, 2011, and 2013) for elderly patients aged 65 and up.

Methods

Medical claims data for patients aged 65 and over treated at emergency department and inpatient health care facilities in New Jersey were analyzed to examine the surge in frequencies of diagnoses treated immediately following Hurricane Sandy. The differences were quantified using gap analysis for 2 years before and 1 year after the event.

Results

There was an average increase of 1700 cases for the month of November 2012 relative to baseline for the top 15 most frequently diagnosed emergency department medical conditions. On a daily basis, a volume increase by an average 57 cases could be expected, including significant numbers of limb fractures and other trauma cases for these most frequently encountered medical conditions.

Conclusions

Understanding the surge level in medical services needed in emergency departments and inpatient facilities during a natural disaster aftermath is critical for effective emergency preparation and response for the elderly population. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:730-738)
EPISTEMIC CORRUPTION AND EDUCATION
Authors: Kidd Ian James
Published: March 2018

This paper introduces the concept of ‘epistemic corruption’ and applies it to current debates about the negative effects of education on the epistemic character of students. Epistemic corruption occurs when an agent comes to develop or exercise one or more epistemic vices due their interaction with a social environment. The phenomenon of epistemic corruption is especially important given modern enthusiasm, among virtue epistemologists and others, for the claim that education should aim to enhance the epistemic character of students by cultivating their epistemic virtues. After presenting a working account of the concept of epistemic corruption, three case studies are offered that document epistemically corrupting educational practices and policies. I conclude that study of the forms, practices, and effects of epistemic corruption should be an important dimension of virtue and vice epistemology.
Charge Account Banking: A Study of Financial Innovation in the 1950s
Authors: VANATTA SEAN H.
Published: March 2018

This study takes a step toward reconceptualizing the process of financialization, the reorientation of the US economy toward financial services that scholars view as a product of the 1970s economic shocks and subsequent regulatory liberalization. Instead, I argue that financialization was equally dependent on the gradual development of new financial technologies and business practices within the political and regulatory environment of the early postwar era. I do so by examining a cohort of small U.S. banks, which in the early 1950s began experimenting with a novel form of consumer credit: the charge account credit service. These plans allowed consumers to shop at a variety of local merchants using a single bank charge card. Bankers, though, developed charge account plans not as a conduit for consumer lending but as a business service, which enabled their small-merchant customers to compete with the credit plans offered by expanding department stores. In this way, charge account banking conformed with the 1950s political economy of finance, in which commercial bankers primarily lent to businesses and were still wary of consumer credit. Although they operated differently than the credit cards consumers know today, charge account banking plans were still a necessary first step toward this later financial technology, paving the way for commercial bankers to invest in unsecured card-based credit in the decades that followed.
Laser system design for table-top X-ray light source
Authors: Calendron Anne-Laure , Meier Joachim , Hemmer Michael , Zapata Luis E. , Reichert Fabian , Cankaya Huseyin , Schimpf Damian N. , Hua Yi , Chang Guoqing , Kalaydzhyan Aram , Fallahi Arya , Matlis Nicholas H. , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: March 2018

We present possible conceptual designs of a laser system for driving table-top free-electron lasers based on terahertz acceleration. After discussing the achievable performances of laser amplifiers with Yb:YAG at cryogenic and room temperature and Yb:YLF at cryogenic temperature, we present amplification modules with available results and concepts of amplifier chains based on these laser media. Their performances are discussed in light of the specifications for the tasks within the table-top light source. Technical and engineering challenges, such as cooling, control, synchronization and diagnostics, are outlined. Three concepts for the laser layout feeding the accelerator are eventually derived and presented.
How prosocial is proactive: Developing and validating a scale and process model of knowledge-based proactive helping
Authors: Mittal Shashank , Sengupta Atri , Agrawal N M , Gupta Sumeet
Published: March 2018

The knowledge exchanges literature considered all types of knowledge exchanges as reactive. The present study develops the conceptual framework and the measure of knowledge-based proactive helping that was missing in earlier literature. The measure was validated across multiple population. Proactive helping was manifested in the scale items effectively, to the extent that at first, initially chosen five dimensions merged to form two factors: professional development and problem mitigation and; subsequent analysis revealed that the factors represented the same underlying construct of proactive helping. The nomological network, a process model highlighting the psychosocial causes and benefits of proactive helping based upon social exchange theory and social motivation theory was also proposed. The significance of the study was in bringing the prosocial, proactive exchanges at the forefront of knowledge exchanges, which predominantly focussed on reactive exchanges.
Geography, Uncertainty, and Polarization
Authors: McCarty Nolan , Rodden Jonathan , Shor Boris , Tausanovitch Chris , Warshaw Christopher
Published: March 2018

Using new data on roll-call voting of US state legislators and public opinion in their districts, we explain how ideological polarization of voters within districts can lead to legislative polarization. In so-called “moderate” districts that switch hands between parties, legislative behavior is shaped by the fact that voters are often quite heterogeneous: the ideological distance between Democrats and Republicans within these districts is often greater than the distance between liberal cities and conservative rural areas. We root this intuition in a formal model that associates intradistrict ideological heterogeneity with uncertainty about the ideological location of the median voter. We then demonstrate that among districts with similar median voter ideologies, the difference in legislative behavior between Democratic and Republican state legislators is greater in more ideologically heterogeneous districts. Our findings suggest that accounting for the subtleties of political geography can help explain the coexistence of polarized legislators and a mass public that appears to contain many moderates.
Do we owe God worship?
Authors: BURLING HUGH
Published: March 2018

This article responds to recent arguments that worshipping God cannot be obligatory. It shows how a respect-based account of worship is compatible with the claim that only God is worthy of worship, and compatible with the view that worship is very different from attitudes we owe to creatures. Then, it develops a respect-based account in enough detail to show how our moral motivations to respect creatures generate an obligation to worship God. The upshot is an analysis of worship which can weather recent arguments that worshipping God is not morally motivated.
Estimating the incubation period of acute Q fever, a systematic review
Authors: Todkill D. , Fowler T. , Hawker J.I.
Published: March 2018

Estimates of the incubation period for Q fever vary substantially between different reviews and expert advice documents. We systematically reviewed and quality appraised the literature to provide an evidence-based estimate of the incubation period of the Q fever by the aerosolised infection route. Medline (OVIDSP) and EMBASE were searched with the search limited to human studies and English language. Eligible studies included persons with symptomatic, acute Q fever, and defined exposure toCoxiella burnetti. After review of 7115 titles and abstracts, 320 records were screened at full-text level. Of these, 23 studies contained potentially useful data and were quality assessed, with eight studies (with 403 individual cases where the derivation of incubation period was possible) being of sufficient quality and providing individual-level data to produce a pooled summary. We found a median incubation period of 18 days, with 95% of cases expected to occur between 7 and 32 days after exposure.
Relationship between bidet toilet use and haemorrhoids and urogenital infections: a 3-year follow-up web survey
Authors: Asakura K. , Nakano M. , Omae K.
Published: March 2018

Given the growing use of electric bidet toilets in Japan and other countries, we assessed the relationship between bidet toilet use and haemorrhoids or urogenital infections. Data were collected using a web-based longitudinal survey. In total, 10 305 subjects randomly selected from panels of a Japanese website research company for the baseline survey in 2013 were asked about their frequency of bidet toilet use and receipt of a doctor's diagnosis or subjective symptom of haemorrhoids and urogenital infections. One- and three-year follow-up surveys were performed in 2014 and 2016, respectively, and information on newly diagnosed/experienced outcomes occurring during the follow-up period were collected. Cumulative incidence of haemorrhoids and urogenital infections was not significantly increased by habitual use of a bidet toilet. In men, more habitual users reported subjective symptoms of irritated skin around the anus, which were newly experienced during follow-up than non-habitual users (adjusted risk ratio 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.75)). Further studies are needed to confirm this relationship. Several of the outcomes were significantly more prevalent in habitual users, but these results were probably explained by reverse causation.
Early adversity and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: Mediation by individual differences in latent trait cortisol
Authors: Stroud Catherine B. , Chen Frances R. , Doane Leah D. , Granger Douglas A.
Published: March 2018

Research suggests that early adversity places individuals at risk for psychopathology across the life span. Guided by concepts of allostasis and allostatic load, the present study examined whether early adversity contributes to the development of subsequent internalizing symptoms through its association with traitlike individual differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation. Early adolescent girls (n= 113;Mage = 12.30 years) provided saliva samples at waking, 30 min postwaking, and bedtime over 3 days (later assayed for cortisol). Objective contextual stress interviews with adolescents and their mothers were used to assess the accumulation of nine types of early adversity within the family environment. Greater early adversity predicted subsequent increases in internalizing symptoms through lower levels of latent trait cortisol. Traitlike individual differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity may be among the mechanisms through which early adversity confers risk for the development of psychopathology.
An Effective Risk Minimization Strategy Applied to an Outdoor Music Festival: A Multi-Agency Approach
Authors: Luther Matt , Gardiner Fergus , Lenson Shane , Caldicott David , Harris Ryan , Sabet Ryan , Malloy Mark , Perkins Jo
Published: March 2018

Specific Event Identifiers

a. Event type: Outdoor music festival.

b. Event onset date: December 3, 2016.

c. Location of event: Regatta Point, Commonwealth Park.

d. Geographical coordinates: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia (-35.289002, 149.131957, 600m).

e. Dates and times of observation in latitude, longitude, and elevation: December 3, 2016, 11:00-23:00.

f. Response type: Event medical support.

Abstract

Introduction

Young adult patrons are vulnerable to risk-taking behavior, including drug taking, at outdoor music festivals. Therefore, the aim of this field report is to discuss the on-site medical response during a music festival, and subsequently highlight observed strategies aimed at minimizing substance abuse harm.

Method

The observed outdoor music festival was held in Canberra (Australian Capital Territory [ACT], Australia) during the early summer of 2016, with an attendance of 23,008 patrons. First aid and on-site medical treatment data were gained from the relevant treatment area and service.

Results

The integrated first aid service provided support to 292 patients. Final analysis consisted of 286 patients’ records, with 119 (41.6%) males and 167 (58.4%) females. Results from this report indicated that drug intoxication was an observed event issue, with 15 (5.1%) treated on site and 13 emergency department (ED) presentations, primarily related to trauma or medical conditions requiring further diagnostics.

Conclusion

This report details an important public health need, which could be met by providing a coordinated approach, including a robust on-site medical service, accepting intrinsic risk-taking behavior. This may include on-site drug-checking, providing reliable information on drug content with associated education.

LutherM, GardinerF, LensonS, CaldicottD, HarrisR, SabetR, MalloyM, PerkinsJ. An effective risk minimization strategy applied to an outdoor music festival: a multi-agency approach. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):220–224.
HOFFMANN'S MUSICAL MODERNITY AND THE PURSUIT OF SENTIMENTAL UNITY
Authors: COMEN CRAIG
Published: March 2018

Around 1800 a group of critics worried that new music was in danger of losing its social relevance. In their eyes music had become severed from the religious practices which had formerly provided its purpose and now exhibited a mercurial style that threatened its intelligibility, leading to a host of anxieties about its role in the contemporary world. This article argues that these concerns form the basis of an elegiac discourse of musical modernity, one resonating with broader philosophical concerns of the period. Taking Hoffmann's ‘Alte und neue Kirchenmusik’ as the central text, my narrative explores how he and others sought to rehabilitate modern music in the wake of a perceived social upheaval. This rehabilitation chiefly occurred at the hands of critics, who approached the complexities of new musical works by attempting to elucidate them through analysis. Hoffmann's review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony belongs in this narrative as a characteristic attempt to secure new music's meaning.