bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La doble vida de la luz: envolvimiento y creación en Fichte y Deleuze
Authors: Ferreyra Julián
Published: November 2019

El contrapunto ontológico entre la unidad y la multiplicidad como prius que enfrenta a Fichte con Deleuze es abordado en este artículo a partir del par luz-oscuridad. Mostramos que en la Doctrina de la ciencia de 1804 la luz aparece como el concepto central -alineándose con la larga tradición en filosofía de reivindicación de la claridad-, mientras Deleuze pone a la oscuridad como aspecto necesario de la diferencia que constituye la ontología de Diferencia y repetición. A lo largo del desarrollo, se manifiesta que esta aparente inconmensurabilidad encierra una afinidad profunda, ya que tanto la luz en Fichte como la oscuridad deleuziana se expresan doblemente: como vida propia de un prius que nunca es idéntico a sí mismo, y como una vida externa (lo real-empírico) donde éste no deja de ponerse, sin por ello perder la inmanencia. Este trabajo de filosofía comparada permite, asimismo, comprender de qué manera algunos movimientos conceptuales de cada uno de estos autores que, tomados en forma aislada resultan enigmáticos, tienen una lógica y una necesidad ontológica rigurosas.
Percepción sensible e imaginación en la filosofía de Anne Conway
Authors: Benítez Viridiana Platas
Published: November 2019

La filosofía de Anne Finch, Viscondesa de Conway ha sido estudiada desde la perspectiva del papel crítico de su monismo vitalista frente a la filosofía de sus contemporáneos, así como en la valoración de su papel en la historia de la filosofía. No obstante, la atención que han recibido sus tesis epistemológicas ha sido escasa en razón del carácter fragmentario de sus Principios de la más antigua y moderna filosofía (1690). El presente artículo parte de la idea de que es posible sistematizar la filosofía de esta autora moderna, lo cual, implica la reconstrucción de sus tesis epistemológicas a través de los conceptos de percepción sensible e imaginación. Lo anterior, nos permitirá no sólo comprender estas tesis bajo la lógica de su correlación con la ontología y la filosofía moral de Conway, también permite acceder a una propuesta original alterna a los modelos mecanicistas imperantes en la época.
Is Accounting Information Still Relevant in the Internet Age? Research on the Determination of the Effect of Google Trends Data on Earnings Response Coefficient: Case of Vietnam
Authors: Phung Nguyen Duy Kieu , Can Nguyen Duy
Published: November 2019

When determining the role of accounting information, earnings response coefficient (ERC) is usually used for discovering the relationship between new earning information and unexpected share returns in relation to the event of releasing financial statements. In the context that most of the firm-related information is now available for investors via Internet platform, this study addresses the question how the public attention of the company through the Internet affects the response of the market to the accounting information releasing, or in other words, how market reaction to the firm’s unexpected earnings is affected by Internet information trends. Using a sample of VN30 baskets of Vietnamese listed firms (excluding the financial institutions) in the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) from 2015 to 2018 and the Google trends data from the same period, the study examines investigate the possible relationship between Google trend and the earnings response coefficient. The results from regression indicate that the ERCs of Vietnamese firms is positive and the interest of the firms on the Internet has no significant impact on ERC. The main findings expecting to contribute to providing direct support that the relevance of accounting information are still valuable in the Internet age. This paper is expected to make a contribution to research of accounting information relevance in terms of extending to sample in developing countries like Vietnam.
Populismo: una comparación entre el varguismo y el peronismo
Authors: Rocha Adrián
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo entre el peronismo y el varguismo, partiendo de la definición de ambos movimientos políticos como “populistas”. En ese contexto, se establecerán relaciones entre los modos en que se llevó a cabo la alianza de clases en ambos países, y se buscarán las diferencias entre las dinámicas que en cada país prevalecieron. El populismo, en ambos casos, aparece como el resultado de vertiginosos procesos de modernización económica, propios de la geopolítica latinoamericana. En ese sentido, analizar al populismo implica, necesariamente, pensar en la incorporación de las masas a la vida pública, pero también en el desarrollo industrial y en los conflictos inherentes a ese desarrollo, a partir de los cuales la clase obrera perfilará una forma activa de participar política y económicamente.
Efficiency Benchmarking of North American Airports: Comparative Results of Productivity Index, Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Lin Zhuo (Frank) , Choo YapYin , Oum Tae Hoon
Published: November 2019

Using three common methodologies for measuring airport efficiency, namely the productivity index method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method, this study examines the efficiency performances of 62 Canadian and U.S. airports. Unlike most previous studies, this study includes aeronautical and non-aeronautical outputs of airports as they are inexplicably tied to each other in airport production. The empirical results reveal that the efficiency scores and rankings measured by these alternative methods are quite similar to each other in the top 15 and bottom 15 ranked airports, whereas considerable differences exist among the airports in the middle range. We also found that the percentage of non-aeronautical revenue, passenger volume, average aircraft size, percentages of international and connecting traffic significantly affect our airport efficiency estimates in all of the three alternative approaches used.
Modeling Fatigue-Induced Collision Relative Risk: Implications of Service Hours and Fatigue Management Policies on Transit Bus Operators in Florida
Authors: Mtoi Enock , Moses Ren , Sando Thobias
Published: November 2019

This research explores the association between fatigue-induced crash risk, transit operator hours of service and fatigue management policies in the state of Florida. Data used in this study include incident data archived by transit agencies and bus driver schedules. The results show a decreasing trend of collision risks when drivers start their schedules late morning or afternoon compared with early morning. The effect of time on task shows increasing collision risk as drivers drive long hours without enough off duty periods.
Equipment Replacement Decision Making:Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Fan Wei (David) , Gemar Mason D. , Machemehl Randy
Published: November 2019

The primary function of equipment managers is to replace the right equipment at the right time and at the lowest overall cost. In this paper, the opportunities and challenges associated with equipment replacement optimization (ERO) are discussed in detail. First, a comprehensive review of the state-of-the art and state-of-the practice literature for the ERO problem is conducted. Second, a dynamic programming (DP) based optimization solution methodology is presented to solve the ERO problem. The Bellman’s formulation for the ERO deterministic (DDP) and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) problems are discussed in detail. Finally, comprehensive ERO numerical results and implications are given.
Physical therapy in stress urinary incontinence among women – a review of the literature and a suggested treatment protocol
Authors: Krzysztoszek Katarzyna , Truszczyńska-Baszak Aleksandra
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence is an increasingly common problem among women. The disorder affects every third woman, regardless of age. To make treatment of these women more effective, the therapeutic treatment path should be regulated. Important elements are cooperation between specialists, prevention and conservative treatment. This paper is a systematic review of current literature concerning physiotherapy in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Aim of the study: The main aim of the study was to develop a physiotherapy protocol for this particular group of patients. Material and methods: The following databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus were searched using the following keywords: stress urinary incontinence therapy/ physiotherapy/manual therapy, pelvic floor muscle training/ diagnostic/ investigation, pelvic floor dysfunction, diaphragm. The information available on the websites of the Polish Urogynecological Association, Przegląd Urologiczny (Urological Review) and the UroConti Association was also used. Results: On the basis of the collected literature, the Polish medical care system for patients with stress urinary incontinence in Poland was presented, the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic methods was determined and elements of therapy worthy of further attention were marked. On the basis of the collected information, a physiotherapeutic protocol was proposed in stress urinary incontinence. Conclusions: 1. Physiotherapy as a form of treatment of stress urinary incontinence should always constitute a part of the therapeutic process. Used as the first in some cases, it helps avoid surgical intervention. It can also reduce the risk of complications after surgical intervention. 2. The therapeutic treatment path should also include diagnostics and physiotherapeutic treatment. 3. In the treatment of a patient with stress urinary incontinence, the following elements should be taken into account: body posture, breathing method, patient’s habits, pelvic floor muscle work. 4. For physiotherapy in stress urinary incontinence to be more accessible and widespread, it should be refunded. 5. Physiotherapy in stress urinary incontinence requires further systematic research. Article received: 04.01.2018; Accepted: 15.04.2018 null
Polityka zagraniczna Unii Europejskiej a unijna władza ustawodawcza. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Dubowski Tomasz
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to reconstruct links between Union’s legislative power and foreign policy of the European Union. Presented analysis focuses on legal aspects of that issue. The hypothesis of the article assumes that even though the range of legal links between EU’s legislative institutions and the realm of Union’s foreign policy is wide, these institutions within the policy in question only to a limited extent perform legislative function as defined by treaties and understood as law-making in accordance with particular (marked with certain standard of transparency and democratic legitimization) treaty procedure. The verification of this hypothesis is based on a dogmatic-legal method and requires the analysis concerning the nature of Union’s foreign policy, the identification of Union’s legislative institutions (organs) and functions and the legal links between them and the Union’s foreign policy.
Aktualność tzw. „doktryny Giedroycia” w kontekście polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Rosji
Authors: Kamiński Tomasz , Frenkel Marcin
Published: November 2019

Russian intervention in Donbas and annexation of Crimea have triggered a fundamental revision of the EU policy towards Easter neighbourhood and Russia. The main goal of this paper is to develop discussion about the EU strategy towards Russia by presenting political concept named “The Giedroyc doctrine”, created by Polish intellectuals on exile, when Poland was under Soviet domination. Although created a few decades ago, some elements of this doctrine are still surprisingly relevant today and may contribute to contemporary European debate. In particular, we argue that strengthening the prosperity, stability and security in Eastern Europe is possible only when Russia transforms itself into a prosperous and democratic state. Autocratic and neo-imperial Russia undermines any major pro-Western political changes in the region. Therefore, successful transformation of Russia into stable, prosperous and democratic state should be included into the long-term vision of European politicians who intend to keep Europe secure. All political activities in the Eastern neighbourhood should be subordinated to this. It means that economic support for Ukraine and strengthening cooperation with this country should not be a goal itself. Westernization of Ukraine ought to be perceived only as a beginning of political transformation of the whole region.
The European Union as a laboratory of paradiplomacy in the context of international and domestic determinants of regions’ foreign activities
Authors: Curyło Barbara
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to propose an analytical framework of the EU as a laboratory of paradiplomacy in context of international and domestic determinants of the regions’ foreign activities. The article shades some light on the definitions of paradyplomacy, which allow to understand the ambiguity of the status of regions in international relations. Firstly, the dimensions and types of paradiplomacy are identified. Secondly, the discourse concerning international and domestic determinants of international engagement of regional governments is identified. Then, the framework of the EU as a laboratory of paradiplomacy is explained in the three subsequent parts. Firstly, the EU is referred to as an intermestic determinant of paradiplomacy, what results from the specific nature of the EU that corresponds with the international and domestic determinants of paradiplomacy in general. Secondly, the EU is addressed as an arena of paradiplomacy where various patterns of regional governments’ presence in Brussels are tested. Finally, paradiplomacy in the EU is addressed as a scholarly challenge for the further research.
Ambivalent German narration towards economic problems of eurozone in the light of constructivist approach
Authors: Bokajło Justyna
Published: November 2019

The European financial and economic crisis made Germany a leader trying to introduce the principles of order to the Economic and Monetary Union in line with the ideas of German governance policy (Ordnungspolitik), which is explained by ordoliberalism. However, there is strong relativism visible in constructing European reality, resulting from the fact that the adopted ordoliberal assumptions do not fit into the macroeconomic, diversified space of the eurozone, and, what is more, cannot be implemented during the recession, because their effectiveness is determined by the long-term perspective and national identity. Moreover, the role of the leader does not comply with the principles of Ordnungspolitik. On the other hand, the partnership with France, which is necessary to maintain stability of the eurozone, causes a move away from the conceptual assumptions of ordoliberalism. The aim of the article is to draw attention to Germany’s ambivalence in solving the economic problems of EMU, as well as to show ambivalent attitude of other Member States towards Germany.
Hate speech and identity politics. An intercultural communication perspective
Authors: Wasilewski Krzysztof
Published: November 2019

Hate speech has become a key element of contemporary political discourse. It has also changed the very structure of communication. With the access to public sphere provided by social media, hate speech engages people in connective action, which allows it to construct and deconstruct collective identity. By doing this, hate speech undermines the idea of multicultural society. In order to succeed, such a society needs to engage its members in inclusive intercultural dialogue while hate speech strongly excludes all dissident voices, deepening political polarisation. This article presents an extensive analysis of hate speech from the perspective of intercultural communication. Drawing from available research and literature, the author puts forward the thesis that hate speech is a communicative phenomenon that not only disrupts intercultural dialogue, but also leads to the disintegration of multicultural society.
AN ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES OF Zr/Zr2N MULTILAYER COATINGS
Authors: KOT Marcin , LACKNER Jurgen , MAJOR Łukasz , SZCZĘCH Marcin , WIĄZANIA Grzegorz , ZIMOWSKI Sławomir
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the analysis of effect of the Zr to Zr2N layer thickness ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 on the
mechanical properties of Zr /Zr2N multilayer coatings. With the increase in the amount of the ceramic phase in
the multilayer coating, an increase in hardness from 11 to 14.5 GPa and Young's modulus from 158 to 211 GPa
was observed. This was accompanied by improved scratch resistance as critical load LC2 raises from 17 to over
30N. A ratio increase from 1:1 to 1:2 caused a 3-fold improvement in the coating wear resistance, which was
also accompanied by a change in the wear mechanism. However, there was no further improvement of this
parameter with a ratio increase to 1:4. Microscopic analysis of wear tracks, using the TEM technique revealed
that the Zr metal layers change the direction of crack propagation. This phenomenon results in the improved
fracture resistance of multilayer coatings compared to single coatings. Such a mechanism was even observed
for the 1:4 coating with the thinnest 58nm Zr layers.
CORROSIVE WEAR OF THE SELECTED TOOL STEELS
Authors: LACHOWICZ Marzena
Published: November 2019

Wear is associated with processes leading to the gradual destruction of components, including the impact of
physicochemical factors. Determining the relationship between microstructure and working properties of tool
steels, including corrosion resistance, has significant importance to the preventing accelerated destruction of
tools made of them. The purpose of the tests presented in this paper was to determine the resistance of selected
tool steels to corrosion wear. To this end, electrochemical tests and a salt chamber test were carried out. Scanning
electron microscope observations carried out after corrosion tests and combined with the earlier microstructural
characteristics of the tested materials allowed the accessment of the impact of their microstructure
and a clarification of the role of carbides in the development of corrosion.
Seniorenvertretungen als kommunalpolitische Akteure
Authors: Schönig Werner
Published: November 2019

Angesichts des demographischen Wandels kann das Wirken von Seniorenvertretungen, die in den letzten Jahren in größerer Zahl gegründet wurden, für die Zukunft gerade jener Kommunen von zentraler, operativer wie strategischer Bedeutung sein, die sich im ländlichen oder wirtschaftlich strukturschwachen Raum mit einem erheblichen Schrumpfungs- und Alterungsprozess der Bevölkerung konfrontiert sehen. Es ist verwunderlich, dass die Seniorenvertretungen bislang weder in der Politikwissenschaft noch in der Sozialen Arbeit umfassend thematisiert wurden.
Was soll und was darf kriminologische Forschung im Justizvollzug?
Authors: Neubacher Frank
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag widmet sich praktischen Problemen der Strafvollzugsforschung und lotet die Reichweite der verfassungsrechtlich garantierten Forschungsfreiheit aus. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass diese durch die bislang üblichen Verfahrensweisen nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt wird und plädiert für neue Formen der Kooperation mit den Kriminologischen Diensten.
Wie verträgt sich Forschungsfreiheit mit Strafvollzugsforschung und wie verträgt sich Strafvollzugsforschung mit Forschungsfreiheit? Plädoyer für eine integrative Lösung
Authors: Wößner Gunda
Published: November 2019

Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert, ob die Forschungsfreiheit bei der Durchführung von Strafvollzugsforschung beeinträchtigt ist. Es wird zunächst kurz analysiert, was Forschungsfreiheit in diesem Kontext bedeutet und in welchen Bereichen und wodurch es zu Beschneidungen der Forschungsfreiheit kommen kann. Eine besonders wichtige Rolle spielt hierbei die Notwendigkeit, für Forschungsvorhaben im Strafvollzug eine Genehmigung einholen zu müssen. Es folgt eine Analyse der für die Strafvollzugsforschung relevanten systemimmanenten und strukturellen Dynamiken. Der Beitrag nimmt Stellung zu Aspekten der Forschungsfreiheit im Strafvollzug, die zur Diskussion gestellt werden können und solchen, die nicht anfechtbar sein sollten. Der Artikel bietet mit der Forderung des Einsatzes von gemischten Kommissionen einen konstruktiven Beitrag zur kritischen Diskussion zur Einschränkung der Forschungsfreiheit im Strafvollzug.
Movilidad y TIC en aprendizaje-servicio: perspectivas para una sociedad global y tecnológica
Authors: Santos Rego Miguel Ángel , Mella Núñez Ígor , Sotelino Losada Alexandre
Published: November 2019

La actual sociedad del conocimiento es el germen de una de las transformaciones más profundas en la historia de la universidad, no sólo en términos sociales sino también pedagógicos. A este respecto, las conexiones en el plano global y la internacionalización se erigen como dos de los aspectos que más han afectado a los cimientos de la institución universitaria, impregnando todos los procesos que en ella tienen lugar. Si a esto añadimos el auge de nuevas metodologías, caso del aprendizaje-servicio (ApS), en la que los procesos de aprendizaje se combinan con un servicio a la comunidad; nos situamos ante un verdadero desafío por la conjunción de ambos elementos. En este artículo se analizan las posibilidades de integración académica y pedagógica del ApS con proyección tecnológica e internacional. Para ello, realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de alcance con el fin de aproximarnos tanto al aprendizaje-servicio internacional como al aprendizaje-servicio electrónico. Concluimos que, además de sus semejanzas, ambas hibridaciones permiten al aprendizaje-servicio dar respuesta a las tendencias pedagógicas que mayor impacto están teniendo en un contexto global para la educación superior: la movilidad internacional y la irrupción de las tecnologías. No obstante, las diferentes modalidades de ApS electrónico parecen más realistas y ajustadas a la situación actual que el aprendizaje-servicio internacional, especialmente en términos económicos, ya que las TIC permiten contrarrestar los inconvenientes que surgen cuando se introduce un componente de movilidad dentro de un contexto formativo reglado.
Aprendizaje-Servicio en escenarios digitales de aprendizaje: propuesta innovadora en la educación superior
Authors: Ruiz-Corbella Marta , García-Gutiérrez Juan
Published: November 2019

El reconocimiento y el rediseño de los aprendizajes en diferentes escenarios de aprendizaje son los principales desafíos a los que se enfrenta actualmente la educación superior. Una de las líneas de trabajo es el impulso de metodologías innovadoras, como el aprendizaje-servicio (ApS), capaces de crear experiencias prácticas reales que cierren la brecha entre el aprendizaje que se genera en el aula y su aplicación en el mundo real. Metodologías que no pueden quedar al margen de las innovaciones tecnológicas, que no se entienden sin la información que proporcionan y sin la comunicación que es capaz de facilitar. Por primera vez, la transformación afecta a lo más genuino de todo ser humano: su estructura comunicativa y cognitiva desarrollado a través de un lenguaje multimodal, hipertextual y no lineal, lo que exige la transformación de la educación, a la vez que su apertura a los escenarios digitales. En este proceso, este artículo revisa los supuestos de esta apuesta por la innovación en la cual la tecnología posibilita esas nuevas formas de aprendizaje.  En este marco, el ApS virtual integra las tecnologías en su diseño y desarrollo posterior, apoyándose en los recursos digitales que nos facilita este medio. Es decir, aprendizaje y servicio se desarrollan en y con la red, generando una modalidad inmersiva y real en el ciberespacio. Es necesario analizar lo que suponen estos nuevos escenarios educativos, en los que se incluyen estas metodologías que, al contacto con las tecnologías digitales, multiplican y amplifican sus posibilidades y efectos pedagógicos.
Integrating Service Learning and Digital Technologies: Examining the Challenge and the Promise
Authors: Bringle Robert Gordon , Clayton Patti H.
Published: November 2019

En este artículo pretendemos enmarcar la incorporación del aprendizaje-servicio y las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, a la vez que analizar la complejidad de algunos de sus desafíos y promesas. De esta forma, se compromete a los lectores con las preguntas y los problemas que se abordan en los artículos que componen este monográfico de RIED. Buscamos proporcionar perspectivas que puedan contribuir a la implementación de innovaciones e investigaciones pedagógicas que mejorarán la práctica y, en consecuencia, los resultados de aprendizaje. Comenzamos brindando una descripción general de lo qué es y el porqué del aprendizaje-servicio, para examinar, en una segunda parte, el cómo del aprendizaje-servicio en escenarios digitales. Finalmente, exploramos varios temas que pueden dar forma a nuevos desarrollos en el contexto de estas dos innovaciones pedagógicas.
Avaliação de diferentes métodos para estimar qualidade do colostro e transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) em bezerras Holandesas
Authors: Oliveira Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo de , Silva Bruno Toledo , Leite Stephanie Blima Paulino , Mori Clara Satsuki , Gomes Viviani
Published: November 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi a comparação das metodo-logias mais comuns empregadas em diferentes fazendas para a avaliação da qualidade do colostro e identificação de falha na transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) em bezerras Holandesas. Sessenta e oito bezerras Holandesas recém-nascidas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: G1 - provenientes de propriedade com manejo de colostro adequado; G2 - oriundas de propriedade com falhas no manejo do colostro. Foram colhidas amostras de colostro fornecido para cada bezerra de cada grupo (250 ml) para a avaliação de IgG, sólidos totais, PT e albumina. Amostras sanguíneas foram obtidas às 48 horas de vida para a determinação de PT e de globulina e para a estimativa indireta de IgG por meio dos testes de turvação pelo sulfato de zinco, precipitação pelo sulfito de sódio e coagulação do glutaraldeído. Os teores de IgG observados no colostro pelo colostrômetro (G1: 98,63 ±1 5,58 mg/ml; G2: 85,66 ± 29,81 mg/ml; p = 0,09), índice Brix (G1: 27,61 ± 2,96%; G2: 22,40 ± 4,58%; p = 0,00), PT (G1: 10,42 ± 2,29g/dL; G2: 9,04 ±2 ,29g/dL; p = 0,06) e albumina (G1: 1,25 ± 0,37g/dL; G2: 0,91 ± 0,38g/dL; p = 0,00) foram superiores no G1 quando comparados ao G2. A determinação de PT no soro das bezerras foi realizada por um analisador bioquímico automático, revelando taxas de FTIP (< 5,2 g/dL) somente no G2 (46,67%). Os resultados dos testes qualitativos (turvação pelo sulfato de zinco, precipitação pelo sulfito de sódio e coagulação do glutaraldeído) foram diferentes dos resultados de PT (p = 0,00) e não se mostraram eficientes para a detecção da FTIP. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que além do uso do colostrômetro para a avaliação da qualidade do colostro, a utilização do refratrômetro Brix e níveis de PT do colostro devem ser consideradas. A identificação de FTIP no rebanho pode ser realizada seguramente por meio dos níveis séricos de PT e globulina.
Cómo aplicar la Arquitectura de la Información para mejorar una web
Authors: Jiménez Antonio
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo representa una enriquecedora experiencia en la que nos enfrentamos al reto de mejorar la arquitectura web de una página dedicada a la venta de cómics. Para ello, la figura del arquitecto de la información (en este caso el estudiante del Grado Multimedia) utilizará diversas técnicas que le permitirán obtener una idea general de la utilización del sitio y concentrar sus esfuerzos en mejorar la experiencia...
Processing práctico (Parte 2 de 3)
Authors: García Pañella Oscar
Published: November 2019

Segunda entrega de tutoriales sobre Processing que nos presenta Oscar García Pañella, Doctor en Realidad Virtual. Processing es un lenguaje de programación de código abierto ideal para gente que quiere crear imágenes, animaciones e interacciones que ha ido evolucionado desde una forma básica hasta convertirse en una herramienta de producción profesional.
Demographic reconstruction from ancient DNA supports rapid extinction of the great auk
Authors: Thomas Jessica E , Carvalho Gary R , Haile James , Rawlence Nicolas J , Martin Michael D , Ho Simon YW , Sigfússon Arnór Þ , Jósefsson Vigfús A , Frederiksen Morten , Linnebjerg Jannie F , Samaniego Castruita Jose A , Niemann Jonas , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S , Sandoval-Velasco Marcela , Soares André ER , Lacy Robert , Barilaro Christina , Best Juila , Brandis Dirk , Cavallo Chiara , Elorza Mikelo , Garrett Kimball L , Groot Maaike , Johansson Friederike , Lifjeld Jan T , Nilson Göran , Serjeanston Dale , Sweet Paul , Fuller Errol , Hufthammer Anne Karin , Meldgaard Morten , Fjeldså Jon , Shapiro Beth , Hofreiter Michael , Stewart John R , Gilbert M Thomas P , Knapp Michael
Published: November 2019

The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species’ geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation.
Evolutionarily conserved long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases regulate membrane composition and fluidity
Authors: Ruiz Mario , Bodhicharla Rakesh , Ståhlman Marcus , Svensk Emma , Busayavalasa Kiran , Palmgren Henrik , Ruhanen Hanna , Boren Jan , Pilon Marc
Published: November 2019

The human AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins, as well as their C. elegans homolog PAQR-2, protect against cell membrane rigidification by exogenous saturated fatty acids by regulating phospholipid composition. Here, we show that mutations in the C. elegans gene acs-13 help to suppress the phenotypes of paqr-2 mutant worms, including their characteristic membrane fluidity defects. acs-13 encodes a homolog of the human acyl-CoA synthetase ACSL1, and localizes to the mitochondrial membrane where it likely activates long chains fatty acids for import and degradation. Using siRNA combined with lipidomics and membrane fluidity assays (FRAP and Laurdan dye staining) we further show that the human ACSL1 potentiates lipotoxicity by the saturated fatty acid palmitate: silencing ACSL1 protects against the membrane rigidifying effects of palmitate and acts as a suppressor of AdipoR2 knockdown, thus echoing the C. elegans findings. We conclude that acs-13 mutations in C. elegans and ACSL1 knockdown in human cells prevent lipotoxicity by promoting increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids.
Ten simple rules for the computational modeling of behavioral data
Authors: Wilson Robert C , Collins Anne GE
Published: November 2019

Computational modeling of behavior has revolutionized psychology and neuroscience. By fitting models to experimental data we can probe the algorithms underlying behavior, find neural correlates of computational variables and better understand the effects of drugs, illness and interventions. But with great power comes great responsibility. Here, we offer ten simple rules to ensure that computational modeling is used with care and yields meaningful insights. In particular, we present a beginner-friendly, pragmatic and details-oriented introduction on how to relate models to data. What, exactly, can a model tell us about the mind? To answer this, we apply our rules to the simplest modeling techniques most accessible to beginning modelers and illustrate them with examples and code available online. However, most rules apply to more advanced techniques. Our hope is that by following our guidelines, researchers will avoid many pitfalls and unleash the power of computational modeling on their own data.
Kv1.1 contributes to a rapid homeostatic plasticity of intrinsic excitability in CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo
Authors: Morgan Peter James , Bourboulou Romain , Filippi Caroline , Koenig-Gambini Julie , Epsztein Jérôme
Published: November 2019

In area CA1 of the hippocampus, the selection of place cells to represent a new environment is biased towards neurons with higher excitability. However, different environments are represented by orthogonal cell ensembles, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms exist. Activity-dependent plasticity of intrinsic excitability, as observed in vitro, is an attractive candidate. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in anesthetized rats, we have examined how inducing theta-bursts of action potentials affects their intrinsic excitability over time. We observed a long-lasting, homeostatic depression of intrinsic excitability which commenced within minutes, and, in contrast to in vitro observations, was not mediated by dendritic Ih. Instead, it was attenuated by the Kv1.1 channel blocker dendrotoxin K, suggesting an axonal origin. Analysis of place cells’ out-of-field firing in mice navigating in virtual reality further revealed an experience-dependent reduction consistent with decreased excitability. We propose that this mechanism could reduce memory interference.
Elements of a stochastic 3D prediction engine in larval zebrafish prey capture
Authors: Bolton Andrew D , Haesemeyer Martin , Jordi Josua , Schaechtle Ulrich , Saad Feras A , Mansinghka Vikash K , Tenenbaum Joshua B , Engert Florian
Published: November 2019

The computational principles underlying predictive capabilities in animals are poorly understood. Here, we wondered whether predictive models mediating prey capture could be reduced to a simple set of sensorimotor rules performed by a primitive organism. For this task, we chose the larval zebrafish, a tractable vertebrate that pursues and captures swimming microbes. Using a novel naturalistic 3D setup, we show that the zebrafish combines position and velocity perception to construct a future positional estimate of its prey, indicating an ability to project trajectories forward in time. Importantly, the stochasticity in the fish’s sensorimotor transformations provides a considerable advantage over equivalent noise-free strategies. This surprising result coalesces with recent findings that illustrate the benefits of biological stochasticity to adaptive behavior. In sum, our study reveals that zebrafish are equipped with a recursive prey capture algorithm, built up from simple stochastic rules, that embodies an implicit predictive model of the world.
Kan det finnes kime til livsmot i forskningssamtaler med etterlatte pårørende, der sorg danner bakteppe?
Authors: Lind Ranveig
Published: November 2019

Can research conversations with the relatives of deceased ICU patients provide the germ of courage for life against a backdrop of grief?

This essay deals with conducting research interviews with the relatives of deceased ICU patients, where grief is a fundamental element. Based on the underlying profound seriousness of these conversations, the term “interview” is discarded in order to emphasize their relational aspect. Care and consideration to maintain dignity is shaped by these research conversations. The relationship between researcher and participant is not of a private nature. Yet a dialogue that persistently aims at the research goal is not possible either. The text touches on the various considerations necessary to include when planning and conducting studies aimed at this group of relatives. The risk of role change from researcher to therapist is described. But the ethical care aspect of this interpersonal encounter is of greater importance than the “therapeutic” aspect. Against the backdrop of a life phenomenon such as grief, care is used to protect the other and promote courage for life. The material is drawn from reflections on research interviews for a PhD project that was completed in 2013.
A rapid spread of the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Estrada-Saldívar Nuria , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Molina-Hernández Ana , González-Barrios Francisco J.
Published: November 2019

Caribbean reef corals have experienced unprecedented declines from climate change, anthropogenic stressors and infectious diseases in recent decades. Since 2014, a highly lethal, new disease, called stony coral tissue loss disease, has impacted many reef-coral species in Florida. During the summer of 2018, we noticed an anomalously high disease prevalence affecting different coral species in the northern portion of the Mexican Caribbean. We assessed the severity of this outbreak in 2018/2019 using the AGRRA coral protocol to survey 82 reef sites across the Mexican Caribbean. Then, using a subset of 14 sites, we detailed information from before the outbreak (2016/2017) to explore the consequences of the disease on the condition and composition of coral communities. Our findings show that the disease outbreak has already spread across the entire region by affecting similar species (with similar disease patterns) to those previously described for Florida. However, we observed a great variability in prevalence and tissue mortality that was not attributable to any geographical gradient. Using long-term data, we determined that there is no evidence of such high coral disease prevalence anywhere in the region before 2018, which suggests that the entire Mexican Caribbean was afflicted by the disease within a few months. The analysis of sites that contained pre-outbreak information showed that this event considerably increased coral mortality and severely changed the structure of coral communities in the region. Given the high prevalence and lethality of this disease, and the high number of susceptible species, we encourage reef researchers, managers and stakeholders across the Western Atlantic to accord it the highest priority for the near future.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants in the trabecular meshwork
Authors: Wang Mingxuan , Zheng Yajuan
Published: November 2019

Glaucoma is an age-dependent disease closely related to oxidative stress and is regarded as the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In recent years, many studies have shown that morphological and functional abnormalities of the trabecular meshwork (TM) are closely related to glaucoma, especially with respect to oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanisms of oxidative stress in the TM and treatment strategies for this condition, including strategies involving antioxidants, noncoding RNAs and exogenous compounds, are discussed. Although many questions remain to be answered, the reviewed findings provide insights for further research on oxidative stress alleviation in glaucoma and suggest new targets for glaucoma prevention.
Total Phenolics, Flavonoids Contents, Antioxidant Activity and DNA Protective Effect of Lenten Rose (Helleborus orientalis)
Authors: Öztürk Meral , Bulduk İbrahim , Korcan Safiye Elif , Liman Recep , Çoban Funda Karabağ , Kargıoğlu Mustafa , Konuk Muhsin
Published: November 2019

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and DNA Protective effect of Helleborus orientalis (HO) leaf extract against oxidative damage, and to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant species studied.

Methods: The total phenol content (TPC) of H. orientalis (Ranunculaceae) extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique. The aluminum chloride colorimetric assay in the determination of The total flavonoid content (TFC) and was used, Analysis of Phenolic Acids was identified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was analyzed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay. Protective effect of H. orientalis leaf extract against to H2O2 was evaluated by using TAS, TOS methods and Comet assay.

Key Findings: H. orientalis ethanol extracts contain high amounts of antioxidants. The HO leaf methanol extract (LME) decreased the DNA damage at all tested concentrations in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.86 p<0.01) against to H2O2.

Conclusions: The total phenol content in the extracts of different parts of the plant varied from 4.00 mg GAE/1 gr to 19.42 mg GAE/1 gr. The flowers had the highest phenol content (19.42 mg GAE/1 gr sample) and followed by the leaves (17.20 mg GAE/1 gr sample). The total flavonoid content in the extracts from different parts of the plant varied from 2.57 mg QE/1 gr to 11.88 mg QE/1 gr. The flowers had the highest flavonoid content (11.88 mg QE/1 gr sample) and followed by the leaves (10.21 mg QE/1 gr sample).

Antioxidant activity of fractions was explained as a percentage of DPPH radicals’ scavenging and IC50 values (μg/ml). Leaf and flowers of HO are richer in antioxidant than its root and stem. As the concentration of leaf extracts used increased, the DNA protective effect increased and it was statistically significant at overdoses of 2500 μg/mL. Total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly (p <0.05) decreased in the H2O2 group (3.4±0.21) but H. orientalis was significantly (p<0.05) increased TAS levels in this group. When the concentration of leaf extracts used increased, the protective effect has also increased and statistically significant at overdoses of 2500 μg / mL (6.3±0.67). Total oxidant status (TOS) levels were significantly (p <0.05) increased in the H2O2 group (25.3±0.74) and H. orientalis was significantly (p<0.05) decreased TOS levels in groups.
The Relationship between Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Psychological Disorders in Women Referring to Baqyiatallah Hospital Clinic in Tehran City
Authors: Heidari Fatemeh , Abbaszadeh Shahin , Rezadoust Bentolhoda , Ghadian Alireza , Ebrahimi Mehrdad
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to a group of medical symptoms with the prevalence of 62.5% in men and 66.6% in women. LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms) was associated with increased risk of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms or depression and vice versa. We assumed that patients with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms who referred to urology clinic and have negative urologic evaluations, may suffer from psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression or obsession.   

Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional, single group survey of women living in Tehran province. Patients who were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms for over than 6 months, were included in the study. We evaluate the presence of LUTS by asking the patients about their problems of urinary tract in two major categories: Filling or irritative symptoms - e.g. frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia, stress incontinence, urge incontinence. Chi square and independent T tests were used to evaluate the correlation between study variables. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.

Results: There was a positive correlation between irritative symptoms and depression symptoms (p‹0.001) and a negative correlation between obstructive symptoms and depression (p‹0.001). There was no association between LUTS and symptoms of OCD (Obsessive- Compulsive disorder). The mean age of participants with positive BDI (Beck depression inventory) was higher than those with negative BDI. (p= 0.007).

Discussion: The results of this study emphasized the important association of LUTS and depression. In conclusion, depressive disorder can increase the risk of developing LUTS or accelerate this process. So when a patient with either urinary or depression symptoms referred to a psychiatry center, he should be screened for the other disease. This requires an adequate interaction between urology and psychiatry departments to achieve.
Feasibility of Single-Port Cholecystectomy With Wound Retractor and a Glove in a Rural Hospital in Mexico
Authors: Sherwell-Cabello Santiago , Rodarte-Shade Mario , Flores-Villalba Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Laparoscopic surgery has been established as the standard therapy for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Now, single-port cholecystectomy is a surgical option. Due to the need of special laparoscopic instruments and devices, the cost of the surgery is significantly increased, limiting its popularity in most medical centers in developing countries, especially in rural areas. This paper's objective was to show the safety, reproducibility, and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy using conventional laparoscopic equipment, a wound retractor, and a sterile glove in a rural hospital in Mexico. A prospective study was carried out from July to October 2014. Patients diagnosed with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis who agreed to participate were operated with this technique. Complications, operative time, bleeding, evolution, and length of hospital stay were recorded. A total of 24 women went onto surgery under this approach. A mean follow-up of 71 days was completed. No incisional hernias, bile duct injuries, wound infection, nor death was presented. Surgical time and cost were not significantly increased compared to conventional laparoscopic approach. Most patient discharge was done the same day of the surgery. Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a cost-effective procedure, which can be performed in all hospitals where an Alexis retractor and conventional laparoscopic equipment is available. There was no increase of surgical morbidity. The single-port cholecystectomy is a technically feasible and safe surgical option in selected patients and can be easily performed in rural hospitals at a low cost, providing the benefits of the single incision.
Pilonidal Sinus—Plenty of Literature yet Lack of Direction: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Porrett Jemma K. , Porrett Liesel J. , Ho Yik-Hong , Rozen Warren M.
Published: November 2019

A systematic analysis was conducted to compare various surgical treatment modalities and evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes in the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Pilonidal sinus is a common and debilitating condition often requiring a surgical approach to treatment, of which many are available. Despite numerous treatment methods, no universal decision has been made as to the most efficient and effective surgical treatment. All randomized control trials published between January 1, 2003 and January 8, 2013 were accessed. Interventions included classic and modified Limberg flap, Karydakis flap, primary closure, and healing by secondary intention. Primary outcome measures included rate of surgical site infection, recurrence, and length of hospital stay. Secondary outcome measures were hematoma or seroma, and return to work. The search identified 22 articles suitable for inclusion in this review totaling 3693 patients. Analysis showed a 50% reduction in the rate of infection and recurrence in patients receiving closure with flaps compared with primary midline closure and healing by secondary intention. The Karydakis flap was shown to be more favorable cosmetically; however, it failed to compete with the classic and modified Limberg flap in treatment of complicated disease. No significant difference was noted between the modified Limberg and Limberg flap. These results show that the Karydakis flap, classic, and modified Limberg flap demonstrate significant benefits over healing by secondary intention and primary closure.