bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onshore oil and gas reservoir detection through mapping of hydrocarbon microseepage using remote sensing
Authors: Januadi Putra Muhamad Iqbal , Huda Diki Nurul , Afdhalia Fida , Supriatna
Published: August 2019

Remote sensing is one of an advance technology that can be used for detecting hydrocarbon microseepage onshore. One of the advantage is specialize in rapid and low cost detection. Remote sensing technique namely multispectral scanner can overview the characteristic of seepage system as an exploration indicator of subsurface hydrocarbon. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the microseepage system as indication of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation using a multispectral imagery. The hydrocarbon-induced surface alterations of soil and sediments (clay-carbonate, ferric iron, ferrous iron) and associated anomalous vegetation were used as parameters. This research used Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 multispectral imagery combine with the Directed Principal Component Analysis method to detect mineral alteration also using vegetation normalization to detect vegetation anomalies. The results of this study indicate the distribution of hydrocarbon microseepage distributed in area around Sungai Kenawang and Pulau Gading field, and also linear distributed in Merang River and Lalan River.
Analysis of the distribution of flood area in Karawang Regency using SAR Sentinel 1A image
Authors: Dyah Sukowati Kusumaning Ayu , Kusratmoko E
Published: August 2019

Flood is one of the most frequent hydrometeorological disasters compared to other disasters. Floods cause more damage than other disasters. Karawang regency is one of the areas prone to national floods, due to floods that often hit the region. Detection of flood areas can be determined using multitemporal SAR Sentinel 1A image. Several factors can affect the occurrence of floods. The weighted index overlay analysis of each variable with the scoring method was done to construct a prediction model of flood hazard prone locations. Logistic regression analysis is used to analyze the variables that have the most significant effect on flood potential in Karawang. The result of analysis shows that flooding variable has significant correlation with the occurrence of flood inundation. Rainfall is the dominant factor of flood incident in Karawang regency that is in the class of 1500 - 2000 mm/yr, on the slope <2% and the type of flat entisol soil and the use of settlement land and rice field. The area is very vulnerable in the western part of central Karawang is a rice field area and close to the river flow in the District Rengasdengkol, Telukjambe Barat and Timur
Identification of fractured-basement reservoir based on integration of FMI Log and seismic attributes in hydrocarbon field “I”, Barito Basin, South Kalimantan
Authors: Halimatussa’diyah Nyiayu , Syamsu Rosid Mohammad , Indrajaya Helmi
Published: August 2019

As basement has very small matrix porosity, secondary porosity is needed to store hydrocarbon within the basement. Fracture is a secondary porosity, yet not all fracture can be a good secondary porosity. Open fractures have capability to store hydrocabon, also have important roles in productivity and quality of the pre-tertiary basement reservoir. This study is aimed to identify open fractures using FMI log and seismic attributes in the Field “I”, Barito Basin. Interpreted image log (FMI) on two wells gives the azimuth and dip orientation of open fractures are ENE –WSW, NNW-SSE and WNW-ESE and also the horizontal stress orientation. The stress orientation from image log combined with leak-off test (LOT) data and density log used to identify stress fields. Azimuth and dip orientation of the open fracture from FMI log is the input of the stereonet, as an orientation filter for ant-tracking. Ant-track attribute is based on ant-colony optimization algorithm that captures only continuous features and used as edge enhancement methods for fracture-sensitive attributes. Variance is a fracture-sensitive attribute that applied as input data for ant-track algorithm. The results of ant-track map are well correlated and confirmed by image log analysis. Also, by applying ant-track attribute to the fracture-sensitive attributes succesfully able to identify faults and fractures with better resolution and visualization than only using the fracture-sensitive attribute itself, so it makes easier to interpret and get the information.
Bayesian Inversion for Layered Spherical Symmetric Earth Conductivity Model from Global Magnetic Data
Authors: Grandis H , Tarits P
Published: August 2019

In the Bayesian perspective, inference on model parameters from observed data is performed by calculating the likelihood of the data given prior model parameters, i.e. to estimate the posterior probability of model parameters. With the advent of computational resources, there are increasing interests in resolving full non-linear inverse problems using global approach. Although the current trends are geared towards algorithms to efficiently explore the model space, we employed the classical “pure” Monte Carlo method to resolve the inverse problem in the global scale induction study. Observatory and satellite magnetic data are used to provide insight on the deep mantle conductivity. In this case, layered (1D) spherical symmetric conductivity model can be considered as adequate to represent the Earth’s conductivity variation with depth. Model parameters (resistivities and thicknesses) with uniform probabilities over predefined intervals are drawn as samples of the model space. Reliable posterior estimates are derived from a large number of samples which are still manageable with the current PC technology. Relatively small uncertainties of the posterior estimates suggest that the Monte Carlo method is adequately sampled the model space with a small number of model parameters. Our results are consistent with a monotonic increase of conductivity with depth with a marked inflexion at about 700-900 km, while discontinuities at 410 km and 660 km known from seismic and petrology data seem unresovable directly from EM data.
Preliminary Gravity Study of Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary Rock in Northern Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nizar Ahmady Faridz , Santoso Djoko
Published: August 2019

Luk Ulo Melange Complex is a Pre-Tertiary rock formation consisting of various lithological background and complicated geological structure. Located in Northern Kebumen Regency, this rock is originally interpreted as products of tectonic process caused by paleo-subduction between Indian Oceanic Plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Cretaceous age. According to previous study on geological surface investigation shows that the melange complex is tectonically overlain by Tertiary sedimentary formation. On the contrary, geophysical study of the subsurface condition of the area is still under discussion due to limited of measured data. In order to obtain detailed subsurface image, gravity profiling was measured and interpreted across both Tertiary and pre-Tertiary rock. Frequency domain filter and designed moving average filter were used to separate residual and regional anomaly. The results denote gravity value of residual anomaly varying from -5 to +5 mGal, while regional anomaly is ranging from 150-180 mGal respectively. The preliminary interpretation was developed by taking into account the geological information and also the data that was collected during field campaign. Overall, high gravity anomaly is interpreted as diabase intrusion in the middle of research area. Meanwhile, low gravity anomaly indicated clay rich rock material related to matrix content of Luk-Ulo Melange Complex in the northern area.
Impact of The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake to The Stress Heterogeneity and Seismicity Pattern in Nothern Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Taufiq Rafie Muhammad , Sahara David P , Widiyantoro Sri , Dian Nugraha Andri
Published: August 2019

Sumatra Island is a highly seismic active region due to its close location to the convergent zone between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, and the existence of the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF). These conditions caused the island of Sumatra suffered from hundreds of earthquakes with Mw > 4 per year. Particularly, a 9.0 Mw Sumatra-Andaman 2004 earthquake occured in northern Sumatra which changed the in-situ stress and seismicity pattern. In such case, quantifying the tectonic stress perturbation prior and after 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is becoming key issue in assessing the seismic hazard. To invert the in-situ stress information in Sumatra, first we identify the fault plane from its auxiliary plane in the focal mechanism solutions using the fault instability criterion. There are 354 focal mechanisms data of earthquake with Mw > 5 and focal depths < 250 km along northern Sumatra Island from 1976 to 2010. This catalogue was compiled by combining the data from Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) catalogue and the International Seismological Centre (ISC) bulletin. We then divided the focal mechanism catalogue into two parts, i.e. prior and after Sumatra-Andaman 2004 earthquake. An iterative joint inversion is then implemented to estimate the in-situ stress orientation and its magnitude ratio. The in-situ principal stress orientation and magnitude ratio obtained from this study will be used to build a Sumatran stress map and its correlation with the seismicity pattern variations in the region. Our results produce remarkable changes of maximum principal stress orientation after 2004 megathrust earthquakes along the region. As the seismic hazard potential is controlled by stress concentration, the obtained results from this study could also be used further for seismic hazard mitigation in northern Sumatra.
Near-surface S-wave Estimation base on Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curve Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rubaiyn Al , Priyono Awali , Yudistira Tedi
Published: August 2019

Multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) is a suitable technique to infer shallow structure of vertical shear-wave velocity profile from seismic record data. The processing stage is focused on obtaining the reliable dispersion curves, and the final stage of the method is that to obtain the shear velocity model that can explain the observation. The genetic algorithm (GA) method, one of the global optimization approaches, has been implemented to obtain shear wave model from Rayleigh wave dispersion curve. The GA method mimic biological evolution in order to obtain the optimum solution. Application of GA method to two synthetic models for normal velocity profile and low velocity anomaly give good results indicated with small misfit. Finally, we demonstrate the GA to Rayleigh dispersion curve for real data which calculated by using phase-shift method.
Processing and data analysis of time-lapse microgravity due to ground water level changing in baseline stage of CO2 injection
Authors: Darmawan Noviandi , Wahyudi E J , Kadir W G A , Sule R
Published: August 2019

Monitoring stability of the field in research area using time-lapse microgravity method has been done with data acquisition process in 2014 and 2016. This method requires high accuracy in µGal units. Since we use relative gravimeter, drift performance from instrument is also influential to the data significantly. In this paper we conducted reprocessing data using closer reference station from research area thus the drift effect cause by mobilitation time and duration of instrumental resting can be reduced. In conditions prior to injection, ideally the change in gravity value in the area would be very small with the assumption of the absence of injection activity. However, after the processing data stage we can see time-lapse microgravity anomalies within the range of ± 80 µGal. This anomaly was assumed occurred by instrument effect (typical for spring sensors) in field measurement and shallow hidrology effect (ground water level change). From the gravity surveys in 2014 and 2016, there is big difference in long term drift between 2014 and 2016 data, which is 2014 has average value of 320 µGal/day and 2016 has average value of 120 µGal/day. Other than that, in repeatability test, 2014 has 54% and 2016 has 77% from total data that is within the range of deviation ± 10 µGal (repeatability value in accuracy of ideal Scintrex CG-5). Analysis of gravity data measured in three benchmark (BM) was also performed to know the gravity variation rate in research area.
Lindu Software: An Open Source Seismological Data Processing Using Python Framework To Relocate Hypocenter (Preliminary Software)
Authors: Pradnya Andika Putu , Styawan Yudha , Suhendi Cahli , Firdaus Ruhul
Published: August 2019

Recorded seismogram of an earthquake data contains the earth structure information. Researchers developed the method to extract the information and derives it into the program codes. However, generally, the program codes developed only for specific function and work on only specific scale. Almost the existing programs have a limitation, for example, they work on command-line based and less user-friendly. Lindu software is developed to solve these problems. In this paper, we show the preliminary results of Lindu software, a GUI – based software which is open source and developed in python platform. This software integrates the common procedure of routine data processing in earthquake seismology and works in local and regional scale. It is designed to read multi-component data on multi-station. To identify events automatically, we employ SL Kurt’s method and use the results as guided auto–picking. However, the picked time also can be changed manually. Furthermore, we employ Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) algorithm to locate the hypocenter of earthquake events and update the 1D velocity model simultaneously. Then the events can be relocated by employing the double-difference method. The software was tested on the available data from IRIS and BMKG and shows the acceptable and reliable results.
Determining Source Model and Aftershocks of 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake, Indonesia using Coulomb Stress Change
Authors: Budiman R , Sahara D P , Nugraha A D
Published: August 2019

On 26 May 2006 at 22:53:59 UTC, an earthquake with moment magnitude of 6.4 occurred in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The source of the event is still debatable. Some believe the event was caused by the reactivation of the Opak Fault which has a left-lateral type movement. Previous studies indicated there are two possibilities to explain the mechanism of the Yogyakarta earthquake. First is based on the focal mechanism from NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster) Japan which indicated that the event occurred in an oblique reverse slip. This model states that the complex Opak fault is a flower structure (strike-slip) type. Second is based on NEIC (National Earthquake Information Center) US which indicated that the event was caused by a pure strike-slip fault (active Opak fault). The May 26thearthquake triggered many aftershock events around the old Opak fault. The majority of aftershock events on 3-6 June 2006 were located around 5 km east of Opak fault. It has a trendline of N45°E and lies parallel with the Opak fault. We use Coulomb Stress change to determine which type of source model fit better the aftershocks pattern. The target fault for Coulomb Stress analysis is a left lateral pure strike slip with an orientation of N45°E/90°SE.
Study on the Use of Ground-Penetrating Radar Technique to Recognize Tin deposits in Bangka Island
Authors: Parnadi Wahyudi W. , Amin Sarwo S. , Heriawan Mohamad N. , Parnadi Rizandi G.
Published: August 2019

Bangka Island, which is situated in the east of Sumatra, is included in the Indonesian tin belt, spanning from the Malayan Peninsula to the southeast direction until Bangka Island. After ten years of exploitation, intensive exploration to locate new tin deposits is needed to add new tin reserve from available resources. This research is aimed at applying Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique to recognize tin deposits at some location onshore. GPR method is selected among other geophysical methods due to its potential to image subsurface effectively, both in time and campaign cost. GPR Mala RAMAC system equipped with 100 MHz antenna came to use. Three blocks of 200m x 200m area comprising of around 9 in-line and 9 cross-line profiles were investigated. The acquired data were then processed using careful processing steps, including dewow, Butterworth bandpass as well as f-k filtering to avoid information loss. The processed data were then analyzed by using nine characteristic frequencies which are determined in frequency as well as in time domain. With the aid of borehole log data from all of measurements locations, we recognize specific signature associated with Tin layers at depths of 5 - 10 meters.
Bouguer anomaly comparison using elevation data measured with hand-held device and geodetic GPS in Blora and Pandan Mountain
Authors: Januari Wahyudi Eko , Santoso D , Kadir W G A , Aji W
Published: August 2019

Land gravity measurements for subsurface studies require good accuracy for three-dimensional measurement of station’s coordinate (X, Y, Z). These coordinate data will contribute to calculation of Bouguer anomaly correction in the research area. In this study, we compared the coordinate data measured using hand-held devices and geodetic GPS devices. A more accurate tool is a Trimble R4 geodetic GPS and then we select the acquired data as a reference (Ground Control Points). The hand-held devices that we used are consist of the SUUNTO Escape 203 altimeter and the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx. The research areas of this studi are in Blora and Pandan Mountain. At that location, we conducted acquisition of elevation data and also gravity. The relative gravimeter used to observe variations of gravity in this study is Scintrex CG5. Gravitational data processing is performed until we obtain Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA). The results of this study, we get statistical comparison of the accuracy of elevation data as well as differences in CBA values from the study area. Accuracy of elevation data with hand-held devices based on field measurements in Blora and Mount Pandan reaches 6-53 and 54-95 times lower than a geodetic GPS device. The Bouguer anomaly comparison of the 50 point measurements at the two sites gave the difference range of -1.03 to 2.93 mGal.
Surface Wave Tomography Using Seismic Ambient Noise Data for Subsurface Imaging beneath Bandung Basin, West Java and Its Surrounding
Authors: Dwi Wuryani Sri , Yudistira Tedi , Widiyantoro Sri
Published: August 2019

Seismic interferometry was applied to estimate the shear wave velocity structure beneath the Bandung Basin, West Java. The empirical Green’s function (EGFs) were obtained by cross-correlate each pairs of seismic stations from the temporary seismic network installed in the research area. In this research, we use Rayleigh wave dispersion data as the input for surface wave tomography. The obtained dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves are in the period range 1 - 12 s. The dispersion characteristics of EGFs was also analyzed to estimate the distribution of the ambient noise sources. Based on the symmetricity characteristics of the dispersive signals of EGFs from all two station pairs oriented relatively in N-S and W-E the seismic noise sources was originated from oceanic activity at the Coastline of Java Sea. Furthermore, the dispersion curves also show that the group velocities vary within range of 1.6–2 km/s. The inverted dispersion data into depth models provide the variation of shear velocity structures at depth 1–5 km in the range of 1–2.1 km/s. At depth 1–4 km, there appear high and low velocity contrast in the south of Mt. Tangkuban Perahu, which is may be related to the existence of Lembang Fault. Meanwhile, velocity models at depth 1–3 km show the lateral variation of shear wave’s velocity in the Bandung Basin. The high velocity structures within range 1.8–2.1 km/s lies in the Southwest toward Northeast in the middle of Bandung Basin. This structures divide Bandung Basin into two parts, Western part and Eastern part.
Shear Velocity (VS) Estimation with HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectrum Ratio) Curve Inversion Method of Microtremor Measurement in Bandung Basin
Authors: Luthfiyani N , Yudistira T , Rexha V Ry
Published: August 2019

From the geological aspect, Bandung is a basin surrounded by mountain area. The stratigraphical setting of Bandung is also dominated by thick and soft sediment which makes Bandung needs a mitigation plans needed to reduce the risk of ground motion. Horizontal to Vertical Spectrum Ratio (HVSR) is a popular method developed by (Nakamura, 1989) in microtremor study to use for seismic characterization which is used in this research. This method is used to determine the seismic characteristic in Bandung Basin. The seismic characterization estimated in this research are amplification and dominant frequency. Those values are obtained from HVSR curves which then used to determine the shear wave velocity and depth of Bandung Basin with inversion method. Amplification value in Bandung Basin and its surrounding area is between 2-11.5 with its highest value is in the south-eastern part of observation area. The segmented amplification values based on natural period of building are varies in values based on the range of period and location points. The other seismic characteristic in this research is dominant frequency which value is between 0,1-8 Hz with the highest values are in the north and south part of observation area, while the middle part has the lowest value. Bandung Basin has low shear wave velocity underneath it which less than 800 m/s within depth more than 200 m of depth. There is also a high velocity structure which divide Bandung Basing into two major parts: west part and east part. Those seismic characteristics can be used as a guide to carry-on mitigation procedures to minimize the risk if any disasters happen.
Analysis of Focal Mechanism for Determine Fault Plane Orientation Using The Moment Tensor Inversion Case Study : West Java Geothermal Field
Authors: Sultan Rhamadhana , Rachmat Sule Mohammad , Hendriyana Andri , Supendi Pepen
Published: August 2019

Micro earthquakes in geothermal field is used to monitor subsurface conditions especially in the reservoir. Micro earthquakes data can be used to determine focal mechanism or fault plane solution with moment tensor inversion method using ISOLA program in MATLAB-GUI. Focal mechanism or fault plane solution describes the orientation of the fault and slip on the fault relative to a geographical coordinate system. The arrival time of the P wave from the 3-component seismometer recording is used in moment tensor inversion and the frequency band that used is 0.02 to 0.08 Hz. The result of inversion with minor error indicated by the value of variance reduction approaching 1 calculated is from modelling waveform synthetic with green function and waveform observation. Fault plane solution in the field that represented by beach ball describes the dominant fault in the North is oblique fault with dip 30–90 degree and in the South is reverse fault with dip 20-85 degree.
Evaluation of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) Attribute in Analysis of Gas Reservoir Distribution on Talang Akar Reservoir in “QDR” Field of Northwest Java Basin
Authors: Qodri M N , Mulyani M C , Kaisagara A W , Sukmono S , Ambarsari D S
Published: August 2019

The presence of seismic data as a non-stationary signal is a challenge to be processed with good resolution. Frequency value that change with increasing time make processing in the time domain no longer able to be used optimally, so that a tool is needed to be able to change the domain into the frequency domain. Spectral decomposition with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method is one of the tools that can be used. The window width used by the CWT method can be applied flexibly with wavelets contained in seismic data and become superior compared to the short time fourier transform (STFT) method. The “QDR” research location in the Talang Akar Formation has a reservoir with a target zone in the form of thin layers (below the thickness of tuning). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the CWT method was in mapping the distribution of gas reservoirs at the study areas. The wavelet used in the CWT analysis is a selected Mexican Hat wavelet from two other wavelets (Morlet and Gaussian). The interpretation stage is done by combining CWT maps with log data and TAF 3 and TAF3.2 structural maps. The presence of a gas reservoir can be seen in the CWT section for a frequency of 60 Hz after being validated with log data for the QDR-02 and QDR-04 wells. The frequency value will affect the thickness of the reservoir, the thicker the frequency value will be lower. The distribution of amplitude values for some frequency values at the study location tends to be randomly distributed. So that the CWT method is not good enough to map the distribution of the reservoir in the “QDR” field.
Determination of Geological Strike Based on Magnetotelluric’s Polar Diagram and Geological Condition in Tangkuban Parahu’s Geothermal Area
Authors: Hafidz Muhammad , Srigutomo Wahyu , Sule Rachmat
Published: August 2019

In geothermal exploration, magnetotelluric method (MT) has the capability to resolve conductive body which then can be interpreted as cap rock. A reliable representation of the Earth’s resistivity dimensionality can be achieved by incorporating the direction of geoelectrical strike and geological condition in the geothermal area. In this study, the magnetotelluric method was applied in Tangkuban Parahu volcanic area to reveal the subsurface structure of the area. Due to the uncertainty of MT modelling result, dimensionality analysis (polar diagram) is performed to find out MT data characteristic prior to MT inversion modelling. After that, lineament is mapped based on elevation map to estimate geological strike. Both methods are validated by geological condition in Tangkuban Parahu. The result of polar diagram analysis shows that the direction of geoelectrical strike is dominated NE-SW in mostly frequency and the result of lineament shows similar direction with polar diagram analysis as plotted in rose diagram yields about N45°E.
Geoelectric Strike Analysis from Magnetotelluric (MT) Data Using Swift and Polar Diagram Methods
Authors: Maulinadya S , Grandis H
Published: August 2019

The magnetotelluric (MT) method is commonly used to estimate the subsurface conductivity structure. From the point of view of computational resources availability, currently it is a common practice to perform a 2D MT inversion modelling of MT data measured along a profile. For that purpose, the geoelectric strike angle determination from MT data is essential. The geoelectric strike angle can be determined by rotational analysis of the MT impedance tensor. In this paper we compare geoelectrical strike angle from both Swift method and polar diagram analysis by plotting the results as rose diagrams. The results from rotational analysis suffer from 90° ambiguity in the structural direction. Along with information from the regional geology to resolve the ambiguity, the profile for MT 2D modelling can be more appropriately selected. We used MT data from a geothermal prospect to illustrate our exercise.
A Comparison Study of Carbonized Kapok Fibres Treated by Sodium Hydroxide Solution and Hydrochloric Acid Solution as an Absorbent in Removing Oil Waste
Authors: Ahmad Faisal Nik Mohd Azlin Shah Nik , Abdullah Mohammad , Azrul Aizad Mohamed Saadun Muhamad , Nurul ‘Ain Zaiton Siti , Amiza Azman Hairul , Che Lat Diana , Khudzairi Khalid Ahmad , Hambari Nurhaslina
Published: August 2019

Hydrophobic-oleophilic properties of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) fibre enables it to show good oil absorption capacity. In this study, Kapok fibre was treated with two types of solvent which is Hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) and Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH). Both solutions function to remove lignin, pectin and wax that surrounds the outer surface of Kapok fibre. To achieve its carbonized properties, both samples of Kapok fibre were burned in a furnace at 450°C for approximately an hour. By doing this, it was found that activation time between carbonized Kapok fibre porosity shows a positive result, thus enhancing the capability of Kapok fibre as an absorbent. Absorption rate of two samples of Kapok fibre which is NaOH-treated Kapok fibre and HCl-treated Kapok fibre were evaluated on different types of oils which are diesel, lubricant oil, petrol and used vegetable oil. Mass used for each absorbent samples differ by using 0.2 g, 0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1.0 g respectively. Dosage reusability and percentage of oil removal were examined for this two samples of absorbent. From the dosage reusability experiment it showed that both carbonized Kapok fibre can absorbed the oil after six cycle of using the same absorbent dosage. Meanwhile, the absorption oil experiment showed that HCl-treated Kapok fibre higher than NaOH- treated Kapok fibre. It is proven that HCL-treated Kapok fibre can perform better compared to NaOH-treated Kapok fibre.
Study of effective laying pattern of permeable interlocking concrete paver for storm-water management
Authors: Chow M.F. , Ng J.W. , Chong S.T.
Published: August 2019

This study determined the skid resistance and runoff infiltration rate of different laying patterns of PICP, namely stretcher bond and herringbone patterns. The dimensions of PICP block are 10.3 cm (height) × 12.5 cm (width) × 25 cm (length) and arranged for a total coverage area of 1.8 m2. Pendulum skid resistance tester and ring method were used to determine the skid resistant and runoff infiltration rate, respectively. The herringbone pattern showed higher skid resistant value in either dry or wet condition compared to stretcher bone pattern. Herringbone pattern exhibited infiltration rate of 21450.7 mm/hr while stretcher bond pattern only has an infiltration rate of 18516 mm/hr. It is observed that herringbone pattern performed better than the stretcher pattern in term of storm-water management.
Investigation of tribological properties of lithium grease with SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Rylski Adam , Siczek Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of the SiO2 nanoparticles concentration in the lithium grease and of contact pressure on the spinning friction coefficient in the contact zone between a steel plate and a ball. The invvestigations were carried out using the a tribotester for the spinning friction torque in the contact between the ball and the plate. Ball rotated relative to the plate axis at a constant speed and was loaded by the a force increasing in a stepwise manner for the consecutive series. The contact zone was lubricated with a pure lithium grease - pure or with the grease with suspended SiO2 nanoparticles. The friction coefficient decreased with the increase of contact pressure for the pure lithium grease. For the concentration □ = 6wt.% of SiO2 nanoparticles in the grease friction coefficient decreased and for the other concentrations it increased with the increase of the contact pressure. If the values of average contact pressure were below 550 MPa, the friction coefficient values for pure lithium grease were higher than those for lithium grease with suspended SiO2 nanoparticles. For higher values of the contact pressure, the values of the friction coefficient for the pure lithium grease could be lower, equal or higher than those for lithium grease containing SiO2 nanoparticles depending on the value of SiO2 the concentration.
A Review of hybridization of carbon nanotube into graphene for gas sensor application
Authors: Hanim Khairul Azman Nur , Mahyiddin Ramli Muhammad , Salwa Mat Isa Siti
Published: August 2019

Hybridization of two mechanically strong materials which is carbon nanotube and graphene can provide specific advantages over other materials in gas sensor research and can relate to the chemical properties. Consequently, graphene and carbon nanotube show extreme sensitivity towards changes in the local chemical environment that originates from the susceptibility of the electronic structure to interacting molecules. Furthermore, a sensitivity and chemical selectivity to a diverse array has made them perfect candidates for consolidation into the design of gas sensor. The development of hybridization of carbon nanotube and graphene based gas sensor still in its infancy, but attempts to make the gas sensor more quantitative are important for further advancement of gas sensor innovation.
Development And Evaluation Of Immersive Card Games As Booster Memory In Engineering Science
Authors: Ismalina Haris Nur , Talip Amarul , Zulfabli Hasan Mohd
Published: August 2019

Engineering science is one of the core courses that must be taken by students in engineering. There is no doubt that too many laws and concepts to be learned and understood will cause students to feel difficult and less interested in pursuing engineering science. Many studies have shown that learning motivation and understanding can be achieved through educational games. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to help engineering students learn and understand concepts by using educational card games through immersive technology. Card development and evaluation methods have been done while pre and post test have been conducted to see the effectiveness of the card against respondents. As a result, it shows that card designs play a role in enhancing student understanding while providing positive attitudes towards the use of the educational card games with immersive technology in engineering science learning. Notwithstanding, the outcome of the survey of the respondents involved in the test shows the enthusiasm and determination to use the card games. As a result, it can be highlighted and applied to all students.
Handover Delay Analysis on Cellular Communication for Connected Car Application in Urban Area
Authors: Fahmin Ab Hamid Azarul , Abdul Rahman Md Tasyrif , Rahman Anas , Ameer Tan Zairul
Published: August 2019

The study on delay of cellular communication is conducted by considering handover session in urban area. The experiment was performed on three distinct devices to study the handover delay based on 2G and 3G connectivity. Handover delay experienced by a moving vehicle was measured based on the data transmission latency during communication transfer session from previous cell network area that is passed by the vehicle to a new cell network area. From this experiment, the best selection of wireless communication module by considering the handover delay in urban area is determined by suited module to be use on connected car system.
Warpage Optimisation On The Front Panel Housing Moulded By Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) (Virgin and Recycle) Material: A Review
Authors: Hidayah Mohamad Huzaim Nurul , Zamree Abd Rahim Shayfull , Roslan Norshahira , Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi Nur
Published: August 2019

Injection molding process is well known in plastic molding industries. The development of this process had causes the materials used to mold plastic product to increase. However, this downside of this large amount of plastic consumption also leads to the fact that plastic waste fills the landfill. This cause researches on recycling plastic to increase. Even though injection molding process has many advantages, but the occurrence of defects on plastic part molded is one of the most important issues to be resolved. Warpage defect is one of the defect that normally occurred on molded part. This paper presents a review of the current research on the outlook of injection molding process and the effect of parameter processing on plastic molded part. The effect of parameter processing on mechanical properties of plastic mold parts with a mixture of virgin and recycled material has been numerously studied. However, studies on the physical appearance and quality of plastic mold parts by a mixture of virgin and recycled material have yet to be explored.
A review on applied statistical and artificial intelligence techniques in crime forecasting
Authors: Ridzuan Khairuddin Alif , Alwee Razana , Haron Habibollah
Published: August 2019

Crime forecasting is an important component of crime analysis towards providing early information about possible crime occurrences in the future. Different models have been proposed to assess different crime data structures and representations. From the literature study conducted, there are several types of crime forecasting models that have been introduced such as statistical model and artificial intelligence (AI) model. Recent trends indicate that researchers have shifted their interest towards AI model due to its flexibility in handling variations in crime data structures. The study found that AI model is capable of capturing nonlinearity pattern of crime data in which statistical model fails to achieve. Moreover, the structure of crime data is mostly nonlinear. Thus, an AI model is favoured among researchers towards developing a robust crime forecasting model. This paper provides a review on the background, trends, and challenges on applied statistical and AI model in crime forecasting.
RAD Design and Data Management Systems of Natural Resources and Local Wisdom
Authors: Tongkaw S. , Inkaew W. , Tongkaw A.
Published: August 2019

This research proposed the Rapid Application Development (RAD) design and data management systems of natural resources and local wisdom from the real data. The objectives were to: 1) collect local resources such as biological of local plant, animal, and the wisdom in the community; 2) study, organize and create an information system collection; 3) create a web-based application to present information of the data. The research used Rapid Application Development to plan and combining process from existed data to the web-based application for managing natural resources and local wisdom for data management. Natural resources and local wisdom data management at Tambon Ramdang is a case study of the successful implementation from the RAD design. The conclusion showed the lesson learn from this research and extended future work in this area.
Environmental Risks in Supply Chain: Recommendations and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Mukhtar Arwa , Romli Awanis , Abdullateef Mansoor , Al-bashiri Hael
Published: August 2019

This paper explores the environmental risks in supply chains and provides recommendations for subsequent studies. Typically, the environmental responsibility is a core part of sustainability which focuses attention directly to protecting and restoring the environment. Furthermore, environmental awareness is essential to design globally distributed supply chain networks. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the environmental risks and to identify the available solutions along with a projection of future trends. The basic research steps have been followed to complete this work. The Findings of this research describes the environmental risks that arises during supply chains operations. Furthermore, recommended solutions have been highlighted to address the identified risks. The Blockchain technology is regarded as a suitable solution for the environmental risks issue. The motivation for recommending this technology is its capabilities to contribute effectively towards greening the supply chain operations.
Consideration of Canny Edge Detection for Eye Redness Image Processing: A Review
Authors: Mohd Adnan M. R. H. , Mohd Zain Azlan , Haron Habibollah , Zulfaezal Che Azemin Mohd , Bahari Mahadi
Published: August 2019

Eye redness can be taken as a sign of inflammation which may suggest severity and progression of a specific disease. In image processing, there is apportioning a digital image into relevant features in sets of pixels where is called image segmentation. The image that consists of numerous parts of different colors and textures need to be distinguished in this process. In each digital image, the transformation of images into edges was using edge detection techniques. It represents the contour of the image which could be helpful to recognize the image as an object with its detected edges. The Canny edge detector is a standard edge detection algorithm for many years among the present edge detection algorithms. This paper focuses on important canny edge detection for detecting a region of interest (ROI) in eye redness images.
A Review on Collaborative Learning Environment across Virtual and Augmented Reality Technology
Authors: Muhammad Nur Affendy Nor’a , Ajune Wanis Ismail
Published: August 2019

Collaborative Learning Environment (CLE) in various application settings are presented and describe in this paper. CLE focuses on facilitating learning process through collaboration task. This paper reviews the numerous Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology that adopt collaborative system. It provides for an insight view of the capabilities of collaborative learning through the adoption of collaborative system in AR and VR. The adoption perspective define the cruciality to adopt collaborative in AR and VR in order to support learning process of the user of the respective task in a specific subject domain.
A Concise Review of Named Entity Recognition System: Methods and Features
Authors: Ikhwan Syafiq M. , Shukor Talib M. , Salim Naomie , Haron Habibollah , Alwee Razana
Published: August 2019

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an elementary tool for all application areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as Automatic Summarization, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval, Text Mining, Machine Translation, Question Answering, and Genetics. NER is a task to discover and categorises the named entities (‘atomic elements’) in the text into predefined classes such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, terminologies of time, quantity and etc. Different languages may have different morphologies and thus involve dissimilar NER procedures. For example, an Arabic NER system cannot be practically used in processing Malay texts due to the different morphological features. The morphological features of every language are rich and complex and donates to the difficulties of implementing an actual method to develop the accurate NER system. In this paper, we review on three main techniques that commonly used to develop an NER system well-known as Rule-Based, Machine Learning, and Hybrid approach. This paper also highlights the features of each technique.
Empirical Performance Evaluation of Imputation Techniques using Medical Dataset
Authors: Alade O A , Sallehuddin R. , Selamat A.
Published: August 2019

This paper evaluates the error measures of missing value imputations in medical research. Several imputation techniques have been designed and implemented, however, the evaluation of the degree of deviation of the imputed values from the original values have not been given adequate attention. Predictive Mean Matching Imputation (PMMI) and K-Nearest Neighbour Imputation (KNNI) techniques were implemented on imputation of fertility dataset. The implementation was on three mechanisms of missing values: Missing At Random (MAR), Missing Completely At Random (MCAR) and Missing Not At Random (MNAR). The results were evaluated by mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). PMMI performed better than KNNI in all the results. MSE for example, has the ratio of 0.0260/2.8555 (PMMI/KNNI) for 1-10% MAR – 99.09% reduced error rate; 0.1108/3.0120 (PMMI/KNNI) for 30-40% MCAR – 96.32 reduced error rate; and 0.0642/3.7187 (PMMI/KNNI) for 40-50% MNAR – 98.27% reduced error rate. MCAR was the most consistent missingness mechanism for the evaluations. Density distributions of the imputed dataset were compared with the original dataset. The distribution plots of the imputed missing data followed the curve of the original dataset.
A Comparative Study on Hoping Mechanism of LEACH Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Authors: Mahmuddin M. , Alabadleh W. A. , Kamarudin L. M.
Published: August 2019

Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a procedure, which is the most appropriate for the WSN routing. LEACH depends upon an adapted clustering procedure. The LEACH manipulates clusters and a single tier structure on the basis of a two-stage manoeuvre. LEACH functions in a single hop in such a way that every cluster head (CH) in WSNs my transfer its data to the BS and therefore the CH accepts the responsibility of sending information to the entire network. LEACH with Multi-Hop This procedure is the extension of single hop method, which works in a way that maximum CHs could send data to the BS.in this paper discussed the two extensions of LEACH in full detail with regard to their proposed schemes in terms of contributions and limitations.
An Enhanced Energy Efficient Hybrid Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC in Wireless Sensor
Authors: Maulidin  , Mahmuddin M.
Published: August 2019

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has countless potential application in many areas due to its easy deployment process, lower installation cost, less cabling required, and high mobility. However, limited energy residue (especially deposited in small size battery) is always a major obstacle in WSN. Improving mechanism on MAC layer is one of the potential research that could increase battery lifespan. In the active phase of the MAC layer, a node can receive and transmit packet when awake. Then, a node is in a sleep phase, it switches off the radio automatically to save energy and gives alert. While in idle listening phase, node still using the energy. Duty cycling performed in MAC layer don’t involve turning off their radio and switching sleep mode but repeating off/on process. Therefore, this study proposed mechanism of WSN that used in order to enhance power energy using duty cycle in MAC layer. The proposed of asynchronous duty cycle MAC layer using a hybrid duty cycle MAC in implementation the performance of WSN. In addition, this paper also elaborated the design asynchronous hybrid duty cycle MAC with multi-hop broadcast.
Evaluation Performance of Hybrid MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Maulidin  , Mahmuddin M.
Published: August 2019

The implementation Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in generally can be applied in any environment where the important MAC layer plays vital. Researchers discover that the major power consumption of wireless sensor network nodes are related to their radio transceiver’s activities on MAC. This paper explains the implementation expected systeme that can be used in the WSN system. It focuses on the comparison some MAC protocol in order to discover the performance of each protocol. Therefore, this paper is benchmarking with other MAC protocol to identify the capability of the proposed hybrid protocol in term of some parameter. Then, this paper determines the proposed hybrid protocol that is camparised withother protocol based on evaluation of some parameter choosen.