bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Assessment of Inspiratory Ribcage Muscle Fatigue and Recovery During Two Endurance Tests in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Lima Thiago Bezerra Wanderley e , Sarmento Antonio , Vieira Rayane Grayce Silva , Castro Esmívany Lhara Freitas , Pennati Francesca , Aliverti Andrea , Resqueti Vanessa regiane , Fregonezi Guilherme Augusto Freitas
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Fatigue is defined as a loss in the capacity for developing force and/or velocity of a muscle which is reversible by rest. The aim was to evaluate non-invasively the fatigue and recovery of the inspiratory ribcage muscles during two endurance tests in healthy subjects. Methods: 22 subjects were evaluated before, during and after performing a respiratory endurance test with normocapnic hyperpnea (NH) and inspiratory pressure threshold load (IPTL). Simultaneous measurements of muscle activity (electromyography), tissue oxygenation (NIRS), pressure (nasal inspiratory pressure), and volume (optoelectronic plethysmography) were performed. Results: There was a decrease in the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) and increase in the time constant (τ) after the IPTL test (p <0.05) and a decrease in the peak pressure generated in SNIP after both protocols (p <0.05). Additionally, there was a decrease in shortening velocity and mechanical power only after the IPTL test (p <0.05). The inspiratory ribcage muscles showed a linear drop in the median frequency in the IPTL test and an exponential drop in the NH test, which was not significant for the development of fatigue and there was a linear increase in the NIRS variables in both protocols. Conclusion: It was concluded that the inspiratory ribcage muscles undergo changes after performing an endurance test with NH and IPTL. Additionally, the development of fatigue in these muscles and their consequent changes are more evident in the protocol with IPTL.
Predicting short-term survival after total resection in glioblastomas by machine learning-based radiomic analysis of preoperative MRI
Authors: Cepeda Santiago , Perez-Nuñez Angel , Garcia-Garcia Sergio , Garcia-Perez Daniel , Arrese Ignacio , Jimenez-Roldan Luis , Garcia-Galindo Manuel , Gonzalez Pedro , Velasco-Casares Maria , Zamora Tomas , Sarabia Rosario
Published: June 2021

Background Radiomics, in combination with artificial intelligence, has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of predictive models in neuro-oncology. Our study aims to find an answer to a clinically relevant question: is there a radiomic profile that can identify glioblastoma (GBM) patients with short-term survival after complete tumor resection?Methods A retrospective study of GBM patients who underwent surgery was conducted in two institutions between January 2019 and January 2020, along with cases from public databases. Cases with gross total or near-total tumor resection were included. Preoperative structural multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) sequences were preprocessed, and a total of 15720 radiomic features were extracted. After feature reduction, machine learning-based classifiers were used to predict early mortality (< 6 months). Additionally, a survival analysis was performed using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm.Results A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study. In the classification task, the naive Bayes classifier obtained the best results in the testing cohort, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 and classification accuracy of 80%. The RSF model allowed the stratification of patients into low- and high-risk groups. In the validation set, this model obtained values of C-Index = 0.61, IBS = 0.123 and integrated AUC at six months of 0.761.Conclusion In this study, we developed a reliable predictive model of short-term survival in GBM by applying open-source and user-friendly computational means. These new tools will assist clinicians in adapting our therapeutic approach considering individual patient characteristics.
Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Siddig Amira , Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathies are thought to result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) represents a serious complication associated with Diabetic neuropathies. Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the presence of cardiovascular diabetic autonomic neuropathy in a group of adult diabetic Sudanese patients with ischemic heart disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive prospective cross sectional hospital based study. The study population included type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients admitted to the cardiac care unit in ELshaab Teaching Hospital with acute coronary syndrome over a period of two years, from April 2017to April 2019. Results: A total of 49 males (65.33%) and 26 females (34.67%) were included in the study. CAN was detected in 94.67% of the studied group Conclusion: An incidence of 94.67% cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in our sample indicates a high occurrence of this syndrome among our diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control is a common feature among our studied group. Sub-clinical autonomic neuropathy can be detected early using autonomic function tests.
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in an eastern state of India: A preliminary report
Authors: Dash Girish Chandra , Subhadra Subhra , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Parai Debaprasad , Rath Sonalika , Sabat Jyotsamayee , Rout Usha Kiran , Kanungo Srikanta , Choudhary Hari Ram , Nanda Rashmi R , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Pati Sanghamitra , BHATTACHARYA DEBDUTTA
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

In the study, we attempted to record the breakthrough cases reported through passive and voluntary reporting at various healthcare facilities from different districts of Odisha, their clinical presentation, requirement of hospitalization post infection and antibody titer against spike antigen.
Methodology:

Nasopharyngeal swab and serum samples were collected from vaccinated individuals through passive and voluntary reporting to various healthcare facilities of Odisha state to detect the SARS-CoV-2 infection, quantitative antibody titers and was correlated with demographic and clinical presentation and requirement of hospitalization post infection.
Result

Out of 361 samples referred to the laboratory for confirmation of breakthrough infection, 274 samples were found to be positive after 14 days of receiving complete doses of the vaccines. More than 83.2% of the individuals were found to be symptomatic with 9.9% of those required hospitalization. The seropositivity in individuals receiving Covishield (96.7%) was significantly higher than in Covaxin (77.1%). Hospitalised patients were having less median antibody titers than individual in home isolation. The median age for breakthrough infection among the referred cases was 47.0 years (IQR: 28.0) with a significantly older age group among Covishield recipients. The median spike RBD IgG titre values for Covaxin and Covishield recipients were 213.5 AU/ml (IQR: 537.5) and 647.5 AU/ml (IQR: 1645.1) respectively.
Conclusion

The results reported here highlight the need for systematic data capture for the breakthrough infections to monitor the emergence of any vaccine escape variants and to plan the next steps in the COVID-19 vaccine development by understanding the link between clinical protection and measured immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Population turnover facilitates cultural selection for efficiency in birds
Authors: Chimento Michael , Alarcon-Nieto Gustavo , Aplin Lucy
Published: June 2021

Culture, defined as socially transmitted information and behaviors that are shared in groups and persist over time, is increasingly accepted to occur across a wide range of taxa and behavioral domains. While persistent, cultural traits are not necessarily static, and their distribution can change in frequency and type in response to selective pressures, analogous to that of genetic alleles. This has lead to the treatment of culture as an evolutionary process, with cultural evolutionary theory arguing that culture exhibits the three fundamental components of Darwinian evolution: variation, competition, and inheritance. Selection for more efficient behaviors over alternatives is a crucial component of cumulative cultural evolution, yet our understanding of how and when such cultural selection occurs in non-human animals is limited. We performed a cultural diffusion experiment using 18 captive populations of wild-caught great tits (Parus major) to ask whether more efficient foraging traditions are selected for, and whether this process is affected by a fundamental demographic process—population turnover. Our results showed that gradual replacement of individuals with naive immigrants greatly increased the probability that a more efficient behavior invaded a population’s cultural repertoire and out-competed an established inefficient behavior. Fine-scale, automated behavioral tracking revealed that turnover did not increase innovation rates, but instead acted on adoption rates, as immigrants disproportionately sampled novel, efficient behaviors relative to available social information. These results provide strong evidence for cultural selection for efficiency in animals, and highlight the mechanism that links population turnover to this process.
Bagging Apple Fruit for Codling Moth Control in Western Montana
Authors: Leisso Rachel , Jarrett Bridgid , Mendrey Katrina , Miller Zachariah
Published: June 2021

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major insect pest of apple (Malus domestica). If unmanaged, then codling moth can infest nearly all apples in an orchard, where the flesh-tunneling larva leave frass-laden tracks in the fruit. Insecticide-based management requires accurate application timing (typically based on adult moth and/or degree-day monitoring) and multiple spray applications. Both the season-long commitment to codling moth monitoring and management and limited familiarity with insecticides, application tools, and proper application procedures can prevent a small-scale or backyard grower from effectively limiting fruit damage. In addition, an increasing segment of growers is interested in nonchemical alternatives. Bagging fruitlets early in the season could be a simple and effective method of codling moth management for this subset of growers. At our research orchard in Corvallis, MT, we tested a method combining fruit thinning and bagging using plastic bags the first season and nylon bags the second season. Plastic bags reduced the incidence of codling moth damage to fruit from 34% to 10%, but european earwig (Forficula auricularia) frass, which was found in more than 50% of plastic-bagged apples, made harvesting the fruit unappealing. We tested nylon fruit bags during the second year of the study. These bags did not significantly reduce the incidence of codling moth. Both the soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in unbagged fruit during the second year of the study, whereas color measurements indicated bagged fruit were greener on the shaded side of the fruit. Failure of the nylon bags may have been attributable to eggs laid before bagging, eggs laid or larva burrowing through bagging, or improper bag application methods. Further research could assess whole-tree bags, the addition of rubber bands or twist ties when applying nylon bags, pretreatment of fruit with horticulture oil, and/or dipping nylon bags in kaolin clay before application; however, these steps add time and increase costs, which may discourage the small-scale fruit grower. Overall, results indicate that fruit bagging holds promise for codling moth management; however, further work is needed to optimize the methodology.
Using Advanced Optical Sensing to Quantify Phytotoxicity in Ornamental Plants
Authors: Nansen Christian , Purington Rachel , Murdock Machiko
Published: June 2021

Ornamental crop production systems face low tolerance of aesthetic crop damage by consumers and during exports by quarantine inspection entities. Consequently, development and testing of pesticide applications on ornamental crops involve two equally important assessments: 1) demonstrate the ability of pesticides to suppress target pest populations significantly and 2) minimize risks of applied pesticides causing phytotoxicity of leaves, shoots, and flowers. To maximize the accuracy and repeatability of phytotoxicity assessments, it is paramount that methods of detection and diagnosis that are rapid, repeatable, and quantitative be developed and promoted. We performed visual phytotoxicity inspection of three ornamental plants [zinnia (Zinnia elegans), marigold (Tagetes patula), and gerbera (Gerbera sp.)] to a numbered compound applied at three doses. The same plants were also subjected to optical (remote) sensing and classified as having either no or low phytotoxicity response. Although results from visual inspections suggested very low levels of phytotoxicity, 32 of 40 plants (80%) were classified correctly based on optical sensing. Importantly, classified plants showed no significant morphometric differences. We provide proof-of-concept results that optical sensing may be used to detect accurately even highly subtle stress responses by ornamental plants to high doses of foliar pesticides.
Effect of emotional intelligence on auditors’ judgment and audit sustainability: Empirical evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Phan Hai-Thanh , Nguyen Phu-Huu , Nguyen Cuong-Thanh , Thi Vo Tien-Thuy , Nguyen Tung-Thanh
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to measure the influence of emotional intelligence on auditors’ judgment and the sustainability of audit activities in the Vietnamese market through auditors’ perceptions. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires from 232 auditors who currently work for independent audit firms in many provinces and cities. The research methods used include Cronbach’s Alpha test, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study showed that 5 of 5 factors of emotional intelligence positively affect the auditors’ judgment. These are intrapersonal awareness competency, interpersonal relationship capability, stress management ability, environment adaptability potentiality, and mood creativity focus. Meanwhile, only 4 of 5 factors of emotional intelligence positively influence the audit sustainability of audit projects (excluding interpersonal relationship capability). The study also shows that the auditor’s judgment has a positive influence on audit sustainability. Besides, there is a great difference related to the emotional intelligence and its impact on auditor’s judgment and audit sustainability based on gender. The study’s results provide scientific evidence that human factors, especially emotional intelligence, influence the auditor’s judgment and the sustainability of his/her professional career.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the Editor-in Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that in our view have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly.
Antes del aura: el fundamento de la pintura según Walter Benjamin
Authors: De Luelmo Jareño José María
Published: June 2021

Aunque en su obra tardía Walter Benjamin parece emplear la pintura de manera accesoria —ya como contrafigura aurática, ya como víctima propiciatoria de la imagen técnica—, las alusiones al medio que pautan su trayectoria evidencian la importancia que posee en el conjunto de su reflexión estética e incluso en la configuración de su teoría del lenguaje. De especial relevancia para fijar la cuestión es el ensayo inédito de juventud “Sobre la pintura, o: el signo y la mancha”, donde se establecen los rasgos generales de su idea de la pintura, pero también otros escritos del mismo periodo que, aun abordando tangencialmente la materia, la modelan en mayor o menor grado y determinan su alcance general.
Conservadurismo y liberalismo económico. La crítica de Scruton a Hayek
Authors: Vidal Robson José A.
Published: June 2021

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el modo en que se vincula el conservadurismo y el liberalismo económico a partir de la crítica de Roger Scruton a Friedrich A. Hayek. Primero se analizan los conceptos de libertad negativa, orden espontáneo y catalaxia en Hayek; luego, se presenta la crítica del filósofo inglés al austriaco; y, por último, se presenta la teoría social-económica de Scruton como un modo de respuesta a las tensiones del liberalismo económico.
RUSSIAN CIVIC IDENTITY OF YOUTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: THE MAIN CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF CONFLICT
Authors:   The North-Caucasus Federal University, Avdeev Evgenij , Vorobev Sergej ,   The North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2021

Based on the analysis of the results of the scientific research “Ethnopolitical processes in the Caucasus in the assessments and perceptions of modern youth” (grant RFBR and ANO EISR No. 19-011-31300), the content and features of the formation of an all-Russian civic identity among young people in the North Caucasus are reviewed. The purpose of the study is to identify the risk of conflict in the process of forming the all-Russian identity of youth in the North Caucasus. The objectives of the study: determination of the ratio of the all-Russian civic, regional, ethnic and religious identity in the portfolio of identities of the youth in the North Caucasus, the main actors in the formation of the foundations of the all-Russian identity, the importance of patriotism and civic engagement for young people, as well as assessing the role of the state in the process of forming the all-Russian identity. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of the main approaches and concepts of understanding the all-Russian civic identity. The empirical basis is sociological research consisting of assessments and views of young people in the North Caucasus. For the region, an extremely important task is the formation and development of an all-Russian civic identity, its integration with ethnic and regional identities in the minds of young people. Civic, regional, ethnic and religious identity in the minds of young people in the North Caucasus is in an unstable equilibrium state, which carries the risks of a conflict of identities. There is a demand among young people for active participation in the socio-political life of the region. The influence of the state, represented by the education system and state media, on the formation of the socio-political views of young people in the region is decreasing, and the role of the blogosphere and social networks is increasing. The state can become a leading actor in the formation of the all-Russian identity of the region, subject to the creation of a favorable social environment and the formation of functional feedback mechanisms between the authorities and the region’s youth.
POLITICAL CRISES AS CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY: WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO AVOID “CONFIDENCE TRAPS” AGAIN? Book Review: Runciman D. The Confidence Trap. A History of Democracy in Crisis from World War I to the Present. Moscow, Higher School of Economics Publ., 2019. 400 p. (In Russian)
Authors:   Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, KUZNETSOV IGOR
Published: June 2021

The development of democratic political systems inevitably presupposes dealing with crises. The challenges of democracy are both external factors associated with the activity of other political regimes, changes in the world order, and internal factors determined by a combination of socio-economic and political aspects. Often, such internal factors become critical and can determine a dangerous state - the “confidence trap”. The article discusses the concept of the Cambridge political scientist David Runcimen, which expresses firm confidence in the ability of democracies to overcome the crisis with dignity and preparedness for new tests. The seven main crises of democracy of the twentieth century highlighted by Runcimen are events that influenced the nature of the functioning of democratic systems. In addition, overcoming these crises has demonstrated the presence of a serious resource for the strength of political and social institutions, the formation of survival and reflection skills in the state system. The most important challenges to democracy are: war (the tendency of democracies to be drawn into military confrontation, which can result in serious costs), finance (irrational use of public funds), environmental threat (climate change due to vigorous economic activity, depletion of resources), rivals (activities of those states, which can seriously limit the expansion of democracy). Special attention is paid to assessing the role of China and Russia in the formation of the “confidence trap” of modern democracies.
Evaluation of hydration status during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of Turkish young adults
Authors: Sahin Nursel , Catak Senay , Akbulut Gamze
Published: June 2021

Adequate hydration is an essential component of health at every stage of life. Although many factors such as age, gender, physical activity, drug use, and illness affect hydration status, it is vital to maintain water balance, especially in infectious diseases. This study was conducted to estimate the hydration status of young adults living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total water intake (TWI) and total water loss of the individuals were determined using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ), which consists of questions about physical activity status, frequency of food and beverage consumption, water consumption, and water loss with urine and feces. The TWI of men and women was found to be 4,776.1 and 4,777.3 mL/day, respectively (p > 0.05). It was determined that 29% of the total water was obtained from drinking water, 49% from other beverages, and 22% from food. A positive net water balance was found in all body mass index (BMI) groups, men, and women. The net water balance was statistically lower in men (2,230.6 mL) than women (2,783.8 mL) (p < 0.05). As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, studies should be done on hydration status in the more balanced populations in terms of BMI and age groups.
Prediction model for the leakage rate in a water distribution system
Authors: Kizilöz Burak
Published: June 2021

Leakages cause real losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) from transmission lines, storage tanks, networks, and service connections. In particular, the amount of leakage increases in aging networks due to pressure effects, resulting in severe water losses. In this study, various artificial neural network (ANN) models are considered for determining monthly leakage rates and the variables that affect leakage. The monthly data, which are standardized by Z-score for the years 2016–2019, are used in these models by selecting four independent variables that affect the leakage rate regarding district metered areas and pressure metered areas in WDSs. The pressure effects are taken into consideration directly as input. The model accuracy is determined by comparing the predicted and measured data. Furthermore, the leakage rates are estimated by directly modelling the actual data with ANNs. Consequently, it is found that the model results after data standardization are somewhat better than the original nonstandardized data model results when 30 neurons are used in a single hidden layer. The reason for the higher accuracy in the standardized case compared with previous modelling studies is that the pressure effect is taken into consideration. The suggested models improve the model accuracy, and hence, the methodology of this paper supports an improved pressure management system and leakage reduction.
Reduction of hazardous incinerated bio-medical waste ash and its environmental strain by utilizing in green concrete
Authors: Suresh Kumar A. , Muthukannan M. , Kanniga Devi R. , Arunkumar K. , Chithambar Ganesh A.
Published: June 2021

Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) is toxic waste material with broad potential (cancer, genetic risk, premature death, permanent disease) to inflict severe health damage for the atmosphere and humans. This waste is disposed of as landfill, which contaminates the underground water and environment. The effective way of disposal of IBWA is by utilizing it as a building material, which can reduce the hazardous toxic materials. The use of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) combined with IBWA as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been researched for its ability to create a new type of Green Concrete. The physical and chemical properties were observed for the raw materials. IBWA was used at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% replacement by weight for GGBS. Mixing proportions were 1:2.21:3.48 respectively for GGBS, Manufacturing Sand (M-sand), and coarse aggregate. Fresh properties and mechanical properties were examined for all specimens. The findings show an increase in the setting time and flow of concrete and a decrease in density with improved utilization of IBWA. On the other hand, IBWA replacement for GGBS enhanced the mechanical properties. These results revealed that IBWA could be partially replaced as source material for Geopolymer Concrete. This research may contribute to the reduction of dangerous IBWA as a building material.
ACESSO AO SERVIÇO HOSPITALAR ORTOPÉDICO PÓS-TRAUMA NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: De Azevedo Machado Flávia Christiane , Costa de Araújo Souza Giselle
Published: June 2021

RESUMO

Introdução: Existe um descompasso entre a oferta de serviços em ortopedia e a busca  nos pronto-atendimentos por trauma. Objetivo: Assim, objetivou-se analisar o tempo entre o acesso ao serviço hospitalar pós-trauma ortopédico e a avaliação pelo ortopedista para os devidos encaminhamentos no SUS no estado do Rio Grande do Norte de 2017 a 2018. Metodologia: Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma investigação documental, onde foram analisados, pelo cálculo das medidas de tendência central, dados do sistema de regulação estadual sobre os agendamentos para avaliação em ortopedia e sobre o perfil dos indivíduos que buscam o serviço. Resultados: No RN, em 2017, dos 499 registros na regulação em ortopedia, dois foram avaliados (0,4%). Em 2018, de 688, 149 foram avaliados (21,6%), com média de 67 dias de espera. Em Natal, o tempo médio de espera pela consulta foi de 119 dias e, em 2018, 22 dias. Conclusões: Verifica-se falha na oportunidade do cuidado, mediante o parâmetro de 5 a 10 dias após o trauma para os encaminhamentos.

 

Palavras-Chave: Regulação e fiscalização em saúde; Ortopedia; Traumatologia; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde.
TÉCNICA MINIMAMENTE INVASIVA EM LESÃO BRANCA HIPOPLÁSICA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: da Nóbrega Dias Joselúcia , Mainny Diógenes Veras Iasmim , José Souza dos Santos Alex , Castillo Dutra Borges Boniek , Vieira de Assunção Isauremi
Published: June 2021

Introdução: As manchas dentárias, dentre elas a hipoplasia do esmalte corresponde a um dos motivos que fazem com que os pacientes busquem alterações no seu sorriso. O tratamento proposto deve ser sempre o mais conservador possível e buscar devolver a autoestima do paciente. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou apresentar um relato de caso clínico de paciente do sexo feminino, 26 anos, insatisfeita com a estética do seu sorriso por apresentar dentes escurecidos e hipoplasia de esmalte na face vestibular, em incisivo superior. Descrição do caso: Ao exame clínico foi observado escurecimento fisiológico e hipoplasia de esmalte no incisivo lateral superior esquerdo (22).O plano de tratamento proposto foi clareamento dental pela técnica associada (técnica de consultório + técnica caseira), remoção da mancha hipoplásica de forma minimamente invasiva e restauração em resina composta direta. Conclusões: Através de um correto diagnóstico, associado a uma técnica e seleção de material adequado, é possível conseguir excelência estética com preservação de estrutura dentária sadia.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CAUSAS EXTERNAS DE MORBIDADE E MORTALIDADE DA FAIXA ETÁRIA DE 0 A 1 ANO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Tayanne da Silva Costa Ketyllem , Kevilly Moura Klara , Liane Souza do Nascimento Rayssa , Pedro Lima de Azevedo Wederson , Barbosa de Andrade Fábia
Published: June 2021

Introdução: As diferenças no que diz respeito aos números de morbidade e mortalidade das crianças, expressam as disparidades econômicas, sociais e ambientais entre os países. Nesse estudo, serão avaliados os aspectos de morbidade e mortalidade, levando em consideração suas características marcantes e seus problemas constantemente enfrentados. Objetivo: Avaliar as causas externas de morbidade e mortalidade de crianças de 0 a 1 ano na região Nordeste do Brasil, visando demonstrar a vinculação da morbidade e mortalidade à região em que a população está inserida, confirmando os indicadores socioeconômicos de determinada localidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal e descritivo, utilizando dados secundários de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças de 0 a 1 ano na região Nordeste do Brasil, baseado em dados coletados a partir do DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde), através do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS), no período de cinco anos, 2013 - 2017. Resultados: Apesar de existirem muitos empecilhos a serem vencidos, como as desigualdades relacionadas ao crescimento econômico e social, estudos demonstram expressiva queda no que diz respeito aos índices de morbidade e mortalidade em vários estados da região Nordeste. Conclusões: A morbidade e mortalidade na infância são indicadores sensíveis e de extrema importância no que diz respeito às condições de vida e saúde dos indivíduos de uma determinada região. A maior parte destas mortes é formada por causas evitáveis, nas quais se tivessem políticas públicas e ações de saúde responsáveis por isso, assim como uma educação de qualidade para a população, a realidade poderia ser diferente e muitas vidas poderiam ser salvas.

 

Palavras-Chave: Mortalidade, nordeste, saúde da criança.
AVALIAÇÃO DA AMPLITUDE DE ABERTURA BUCAL EM PACIENTES COM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR APÓS TRATAMENTO COM TERAPIA MANUAL
Authors: Galvao Cecília Santos , Augusto Seabra Barbosa Gustavo , Oliveira de Almeida ´Erika
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), distúrbio que acomete as estruturas ósseas, musculares e articulares da região orofacial tem sido cada vez mais recorrente. Esse distúrbio causa dores, limitação de movimento e alteração na qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos com a doença. Se fazem necessárias medidas de controle e tratamento dessa doença de prevalência crescente.  Objetivo: Avaliar a amplitude de abertura bucal em pacientes portadores de Disfunção Temporomandibular, submetidos ao tratamento com fisioterapia após 1 e 3 meses de tratamento. Metodologia: Avaliou-se a amplitude de abertura bucal de 25 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com fisioterapia (F; N = 25). Todos os pacientes foram diagnosticados com DTM de acordo com o eixo 1 do RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders). Os dados colhidos foram avaliados através do programa SPSS e foi realizado o teste Wilcoxon, com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Para pacientes que apresentavam comprometimento da amplitude de abertura máxima sem auxílio, a fisioterapia possibilitou melhora significativa do ganho de amplitude no tempo inicial e após um mês de terapia (P = 0.002), mantendo a amplitude até o terceiro mês, sem apresentar ganho significativo. Conclusões: Para a variável amplitude de abertura bucal, a fisioterapia se mostra como uma boa alternativa de tratamento, alcançando resultados satisfatórios para o ganho de amplitude e melhoria do quadro sintomático do paciente.
ÍNDICE DE SUCESSO DE EXODONTIAS REALIZADAS COM EXTRATOR MINIMAMENTE TRAUMÁTICO
Authors: Mayara Rodrigues Xavier Cinthia , Freitas de Souza Junior Erasmo , Dantas Ribeiro Adyelle , Azevedo Silva Janielma , Euler de Souza Lucena Eudes , Henrrique Araújo de Morais Hécio
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Técnicas para extração dentária vêm sendo aperfeiçoadas objetivando um procedimento que diminua o esforço profissional, o tempo cirúrgico, amenize as dores e os processos inflamatórios. Neste sentido os extratores minimamente traumáticos com a exodontia vertical, propõem-se a preservar o osso alveolar e proporcionar uma recuperação mais rápida e confortável para o paciente.  Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do Kit para Extração Minimamente traumática da Maximus® (Contagem/MG- Brasil) na exodontia de raízes residuais de incisivos, caninos e pré-molares unirradiculares.  Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, prospectivo e analítico. Os pacientes foram operados utilizando o dispositivo, sendo avaliados os dados demográficos, tempo cirúrgico, dor e conforto após a cirurgia, bem como o grau de satisfação profissional com o uso do dispositivo. Para verificar diferenças significativas foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e a busca de associações foi realizada com o Exato de Fisher. Para todos os testes foi estabelecida uma significância com p<0,05. Resultados: Quarenta elementos foram removidos, o tempo cirúrgico foi em média 16,28 minutos, níveis de dor e conforto imediatamente após a cirurgia se mantiveram baixos (p<0,0001), e o grau de satisfação profissional se manteve alto (p<0,0001). A taxa de sucesso do dispositivo foi de 93,3% para os elementos incisivos e 20% para os elementos caninos e pré-molares (p<0,0001). Conclusões: A eficácia do extrator é determinada pelo tamanho da superfície radicular cobertas com fibras periodontais e a localização do dente. No entanto pode ser bem indicada no planejamento de reabilitações implantosuportadas em região anterior de maxila e mandíbula.

Palavras-Chave: Procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos; Processo alveolar; Preservação de tecidos; Extração de dente.
DESAFIOS E ADAPTAÇÕES DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Nunes Ruan Kaio Silva , Maciel Gabrielle Augustha dos Santos , Almeida Elisabeth Barth , Guedes Mariana Reiser , Henn Rosana
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A crise pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) tem impactado diversos setores, dentre eles o da educação superior, pois as atividades realizadas dentro da universidade estão, desde março de 2020, sendo remanejadas e readaptadas para o modelo on-line, dentre elas a extensão universitária. Objetivo: O presente artigo temobjetivo d um projeto de extensão universitária desenvolvido para estimular a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e que migrou suas atividades para o ambiente virtual, mostrando como foram os desafios e adaptações nesse novo cenário global. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. As atividades adaptadas à nova realidade que serão aqui mencionadas ocorreram no primeiro semestre de 2020, iniciando no mês de maio e finalizando em julho. As postagens para as redes sociais Facebook® e Instagram® foram realizadas uma vez por semana, por dois acadêmicos do curso de Nutrição e bolsistas do projeto, tendo sempre o auxílio das professoras responsáveis.  Resultados: A utilização das redes sociais Facebook® e Instagram® ajudaram nosso projeto a desempenhar suas atividades de forma remota e obter um alcance maior de pessoas beneficiadas com as publicações. Conclusão: Apesar das dificuldades iniciais de planejamento de cronograma, temas abordados e o alcance do público alvo, conseguimos reestruturar bem o projeto ao novo formato e nos surpreendemos com o alcance das publicações e a capacidade de influenciar positivamente as vidas das pessoas, buscando trazer assuntos pertinentes e com embasamento científico, para assim, mesmo que remotamente, tentar melhorar do bem-estar da população.  

Palavras-Chave:  Relações Comunidade-Instituição, Pandemias, Prevenção de Doenças.
Anti-Cancer Potential of Some Commonly Used Drugs
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Dang Shweta
Published: June 2021

Cancer is a global concern leading to millions of deaths every year. A declining trend in new drug
discovery and development is becoming one of the major issues among the pharmaceutical, biotechnology industries
and regulatory agencies. New drug development is proven to be a very lengthy and a costly process.
Launch of a new drug takes 8-12 years and huge investments. Success rate in oncology therapeutics is also low
due to toxicities at the pre-clinical and clinical trials level. Many oncological drugs get rejected at very promising
stage showing adverse reactions on healthy cells. Thus, exploring new therapeutic benefits of the existing,
shelved drugs for their anti-cancerous action could result in a therapeutic approach preventing the toxicities
which occurs during clinical trials. Drug repurposing has the potential to overcome the challenges faced via
conventional way of drug discovery and is becoming an area of interest for researchers and scientists. Although
very few in vivo studies are conducted to prove the anti-cancerous activity of the drugs. Insufficient in vivo animal
studies and lack of human clinical trials are the lacuna in the field of drug repurposing. This review focuses
on the aspect of drug repurposing for cancer therapeutics. There are various studies which show that drugs
approved for clinical indications other than cancer have shown promising anti-cancer activities. Some of the
commonly used drugs like Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Midzolam), Antidepressants (Imipramine, Clomipramine,
and Citalopram), Antiepileptic (Valporic acid, Phenytoin), Anti diabetics (metformin) etc., have been reported
to show potential activity against the cancerous cells.
A Review on Chitosan in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Neurological and
Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Shayganfard Mehran
Published: June 2021

Neurological diseases are known as global health problems with a growing number of patients annually. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease as well as spinal cord injury, hypoxic ischemia injury, epilepsy, depression and etc., are some examples of neurological diseases. One of the main problems in the treatment
of these diseases is the delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These days, researchers have tended to find non-invasive and non-toxic strategies for solving this problem. As a non-toxic, safe, and potential agent, chitosan has attracted attention for use in drug delivery systems. Recently, numerous studies have been designed to develop drug delivery systems by using chitosan to treat various neurological diseases. In this paper, the latest developments of chitosan and its derivatives utilization in the drug delivery systems for the treatment of different neurological and psychiatric diseases were reviewed.
Withdrawal Notice: Roles of Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor in Metabolism and Proliferative Behaviors Of Bone Marrow Mscs: Implications For Targeted Therapy
Authors: Jia Yan , Zhao Youshan , Zhang Zheng , Shi Lei , Fang Ying , Wu Dong , Wu Lingyun , Chang Chunkang
Published: June 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

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It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneous-ly submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Moving Past Quinone-Methides: Recent Advances Toward Minimizing Electrophilic Byproducts from COS/H2S Donors
Authors: Pluth Michael D.
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important biomolecule that plays key signaling and protective
roles in different physiological processes. With goals of advancing both the available research
tools and the associated therapeutic potential of H2S, researchers have developed different methods
to deliver H2S on demand in different biological contexts. A recent approach to develop such
donors has been to design compounds that release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted
to H2S in biological systems by the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). Although
highly diversifiable, many approaches using this general platform release quinone methides or related
electrophiles after donor activation. Many such electrophiles are likely scavenged by water, but
recent efforts have also expanded alternative approaches that minimize the formation of electrophilic
byproducts generated after COS release. This mini-review focuses specifically on recent examples
of COS-based H2S donors that do no generate quinone methide byproducts after donor activation.
Development and Clinical Application of Tumor-derived Exosomes in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Verdi Javad , Ketabchi Neda , Noorbakhsh Negar , Saleh Mahshid , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Seyhoun Iman , Kavianpour Maria
Published: June 2021

:

A tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a tissue that can lead to death due to late diagnosis, poor prognosis, drug resistance, and finally enhanced metastasis formation. Exosomes are nanovesicles that have been derived from all the different cell types. These vesicles can transfer various molecules, including the distinct form of nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, and circRNA) and proteins. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have exceptionally important roles through multiple molecular and cellular pathways like progression, tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and as well as metastasis. TEXs are detectable in all body fluids such as serum and urine, a convenient and non-invasive way to access these nano-sized vesicles. TEXs lead to the symptom expression of genetic aberrations in the tumor cell population, making them an accurate and sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. On the other hand, TEXs contain major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and play important dual roles in regulating tumor immune responses: they can mediate both immune activation and suppression through tumor-associated immunity. Despite numerous scientific studies, there are still many technical barriers to distinguish TEXs from non-tumor-derived exosomes. Even so, removing exosomes leading to a wide difference in outcomes inside a patient's body. Hence, controversial pieces of evidence have demonstrated the vital role of TEXs as hopeful biomarkers for the early detection of cancers, evaluation of therapeutic effects, and monitoring of the patient.
Cell-based Therapy for Ocular Disorders: A Promising Frontier
Authors: Ahani-Nahayati Milad , Niazi Vahid , Moradi Alireza , Pourjabbar Bahareh , Roozafzoon Reza , Baradaran-Rafii Alireza , Keshel Saeed Heidari
Published: June 2021

:

As the ocular disorders causing the long-term blindness or optical abnormalities of the
ocular tissue entirely affect life quality, an insight into their corresponding pathogenesis and the expansion
of attitudes authorizing earlier detection and treatment need more consideration. Though
current therapeutics result in desirable outcomes, they do not offer an inclusive solution for hindrance
of development of visual impairment to blindness. Accordingly, stem cells because of their
particular competencies have attracted pronounced attention to be applied in regenerative medicine
of ocular diseases. In the last decades, a wide spectrum of stem cells surrounding mesenchymal
stem/stromal cells (MSC), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic/induced pluripotent stem cells
(ESCs/iPSCs) accompanied by Müller glia, ciliary epithelia-derived stem cells, and retinal pigment
epithelial (RPE) stem cells have been widely investigated to report their safety and efficacy in preclinical
models and also human subjects. In this regard and the first interventions, RPE cell suspensions
were successfully utilized to ameliorate visual defects of the patients suffering from age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) after subretinal transplantation. Herein, we will explain the pathogenesis
of ocular diseases and highlight the novel discoveries and recent findings in the context of
stem cell-based therapies in these disorders, focusing on the last decade's in vivo reports.
Recent Patents on Bearing Pre-tightening
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Zhang Jiashuo
Published: June 2021

Background:

Bearing has been widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics industry
and other fields.
Its pre-tightening technology is one of the most critical technologies. It has an important influence
on the accuracy, speed, stiffness and temperature rise of the spindle. Proper pre-tightening force can
eliminate bearing clearance and improve machining accuracy and efficiency of machine tools.
Therefore, the development trend of bearing pre-tightening mechanism has been paid more and more
attention.

Objective:

In order to improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the bearing
system, the structure and function of the bearing pre-tensioning device are continuously enhanced.

Methods:

This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to the mechanism of
bearing pre-tightening.

Results:

Through the investigation of a number of patents of bearing pre-tightening devices, the
principles and effects of different bearing pre-tightening devices are classified and reviewed. Besides,
the future development trend of bearing pre-tightening devices is discussed.

Conclusion:

The optimization of the bearing pre-tightening device is conducive to improving processing
efficiency and quality. A controllable pre-tightening force is the research direction, and more
related patents will be invented in the future.
A pilot study on coarse ware ceramic fabrics from the Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Greece)
Authors: van Oortmerssen G.J.M. , Wiersma C.W.
Published: June 2021

In this article, we present the results of our pilot study on coarse ware ceramic fabrics from the Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Laconia, Greece). The aim of this pilot was to explore the potential of optical fabric analysis on coarse wares on the basis of (mineral) inclusions detectable by eye or under modest magnification. We aimed to answer the following question: can we discern Bronze Age coarse wares from Byzantine/Early Modern coarse wares by means of this technique? We studied 177 ceramic fragments by eye and by means of a stereo microscope. This resulted in the description of 51 different provisional fabrics. Only a few of these fabrics could be assigned to a specific time period with certainty, based on a consistent dating of the sherds by the ceramic specialists, who looked at shape, decoration and fabric. Most of the fabrics seem to consist of sherds stemming from various time periods. A comparison between our provisional fabric groups and those published by other researchers in Laconia shows that possible connections or matches between fabrics made by us should be considered either as tentative or as unreliable beyond the level of argued assumptions. To arrive at more reliable ceramic fabric connections, or the identification of similar fabrics, it will be necessary to publish not only textual descriptions and images of thin sections—as seems to be the common approach—but also series of high-resolution pictures of sherds and their fresh sections, as has been done in this article, together with more detailed descriptions of these sherds.