bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Aesthetic Preferences in Rural Landscapes and the Relationship with Spatial Pattern Indices
Authors: Massoni Emma Soy , Varga Diego , Sáez Marc , Pintó Josep
Published: July 2016

This study examines how local population, tourists and farmers relate to rural landscapes, by exploring visual landscape preferences and the influence of everyday landscapes on the research subjects. Results point towards an immense variability in visual landscape preferences amongst user groups living in or visiting the study area (Plana de l’Empordà, Girona, Spain). Tourists rate grasslands at the top of their preference list, local residents prefer orchards, and farmers favour fields of irrigated herbaceous crops; showing, altogether, that the user's relationship with the landscape determines their visual preferences. Results show that farmers prefer agriculture dominated scenes while local residents and tourists prefer scenes with equilibrium between agricultural and natural elements. Likewise, the presence of margins is widely appreciated aesthetically by all respondents. Furthermore, results underline the importance of landscapes that are familiar to the respondents.
Environmental Hermeneutics: Ethnic and Ecological Traditions in Aesthetic Dialogue with Nature
Authors: Boldonova Irina
Published: July 2016

The article presents dialogic attitude towards nature and focuses on the aesthetic form of interaction with environment via folklore and imaginative writing. The article analyzes the development of scientific thought from human ecology to environmental hermeneutics. Hermeneutic methodology is used in the field of “aesthetics of nature”, therefore, the author applies hermeneutic categories such as tradition, historically effective consciousness, hermeneutic circle, application to cultural heritage of one of Siberia’s natives and proves the advantages, heuristic value of these categories in analyzing dialogue with nature. Aesthetic dialogue with nature is studied on the example of ethnic and ecological traditions of the Buryat nomads, who historically migrated across Central Asia, nowadays live around Lake Baikal. The author argues that revitalizing ethnic and ecological traditions in folklore and contemporary national literature presents a hermeneutic dialogue with nature and considers it a valuable resource for ethical assumptions and ecological education for sustainable development.
The Importance of Linear Landscape Elements for Bats in a Farmland Area: The Influence of Height on Activity
Authors: Toffoli Roberto
Published: July 2016

In the past 50 years, widespread removal of hedges and hedgerows in many European regions, with a consequent reduction in biodiversity, has occurred as a result of farming intensification. Acknowledging the ecological importance of linear farmland landscape elements, many agro-environmental schemes provide financial support for the management, conservation and reconstruction of hedges and hedgerows. The efficacy of such initiatives, also aimed at bat conservation, could be enhanced by including the role of hedges and hedgerows correlated to the variability of their physical structure and to the surrounding landscape context. Linear landscape elements are in fact of great importance to bats, whose flight activity tends to increase in proximity to hedges and hedgerows, used both during foraging and as commuting routes. Nevertheless, information concerning the correlation between various physical structures of hedges and flight and foraging techniques in bats is still lacking. The present study analyses the activity of bats along two different hedge types, with and without trees, and in open spaces, in an area of the Padana plane (North-western Italy) as a function of different flight behaviours.

Activity in bats appears higher along hedges than in open spaces but no significant differences are noted between the various hedge types under investigation. Foraging behaviour is primarily detected along hedges with trees but is lower along hedges without trees and in open spaces. This is particularly evident in bat species that have adapted to foraging in closed spaces surrounded by foliage (Myotis and Plecotus genera) or at the periphery of these environments (Pipistrellus genus), whereas it not seen species that forage in open spaces (Nyctalus genus). Hedge reconstruction aimed at bat conservation ought to, therefore, favour tall hedges with trees as opposed to low hedges without trees.
Predictive Value of Carcinoembryonic and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Related to Some Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Colorectal Cancer Characteristics
Authors: Tomašević Ratko , Milosavljević Tomica , Stojanović Dragoš , Gluvić Zoran , Dugalić Predrag , Ilić Ivan , Vidaković Radosav
Published: July 2016

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important oncological and public health problem worldwide, including Serbia. Unfortunately, half of the patients are recognized in an advanced stage of the disease, therefore, early detection through specific tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), is the only way to cope with CRC expansion.

Methods: Our cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of some clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of CRC on CEA and CA 19-9 serum levels, to determine whether these biomarkers could be related to CRC detection. The study included 372 participants: 181 suffered from CRC and 191 participants were controls. Endoscopic and histological examinations were used for CRC diagnosis, while additional ultrasound and abdominal computerised tomography imaging were used for staging the disease. Measurement of CEA and CA 19-9 was performed after CRC confirmation.

Results: Age, gender, tumor localization, macro-morphological and histological characteristics did not influence biomarkers serum levels. Both were significantly higher (p<0.01) in patients with Dukes D stage of CRC compared with controls. Sensitivity (76.8%) and specificity (76.6%) of CEA alone were higher than for CA 19-9, but with no statistical significance. Furthermore, sensitivity of CEA alone in the Dukes A/B group was similar to the entire CRC patient group.

Conclusions: Although not recommended as a screening method for the general population, elevated values of each biomarker indicate further diagnostic procedures and their simultaneous testing can improve the diagnostic sensitivity in early detection of CRC, as shown by the united analysis (AUC 0.842).
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome: a de novo mutation of the GLUD1 gene in twins and a review of the literature
Authors: Ninković Dorotea , Sarnavka Vladimir , Bašnec Anica , Ćuk Mario , Ramadža Danijela Petković , Fumić Ksenija , Kušec Vesna , Santer René , Barić Ivo
Published: July 2016

Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent hypoglycemia and persistent mild elevation of plasma ammonia. HI/HA syndrome is one of the more common forms of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), caused by activating mutations within the
Prefixation Ability Index (PAI) as a powerful typological tool of historical linguistics
Authors: Akulov Alexander
Published: July 2016

At present there are many odd hypotheses about the genetic affiliation of certain languages. Most such hypotheses are invented without any serious examination of the structural differences between the languages being compared. The PAI method was inspired by ideas of A. P. Volodin, who noticed that there were two types of languages, one type has prefixation and the other does not. Actually, there is no sharp divide between the two types, it is more precise to use a coefficient (i.e. PAI) rather than simply ask “does a language allow prefixation?” The PAI theory supposed there was correlation between values of PAI of genetically related languages. Tests of PAI on the material of well assembled stocks prove that such correlations exist. Being applied to Ainu and to languages that are possibly supposed to be related to it. The PAI shows that Ainu that is not related to either Altaic or Nivkh, while a search for relatives of Ainu to the south shows potential. Also PAI can be useful in the case of other unsettled questions of language affiliation in North America, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, Africa and other places.
Indo-European nominal o-stems and question of their origin
Authors: Blažek Václav
Published: July 2016

Václav Blažek. Indo-European nominal o-stems and question of their origin. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences, PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 7-16

In the article the most productive formation of the Indo-European nominal declension, the o-stems, are described and analyzed. Two competing interpretations are discussed. One of them is finally preferred with respect to external typological parallels.
Megametaphor as a coherence and cohesion device in a cycle of literary texts
Authors: Rezanova Zoya , Shilyaev Konstantin
Published: July 2016

Zoya Rezanova & Konstantin Shilyaev. Megametaphor as a coherence and cohesion device in a cycle of literary texts. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences, PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 31-39

The present study is concerned with the notion of megametaphor and its role in the cohesion and coherence of the text, as well as its intertextual function. We discuss the method of identifying and structuring megametaphor in a literary text and apply it to four novels by Jack London that have dogs as their protagonists. The megametaphor DOG IS A MAN is shown to organize the texts both conceptually - via a coherent set of frame structures of the source domain - and linguistically, by way of applying a network of metaphorical lexemes to the description of a dog.
Effectiveness of Collaborative Strategic Reading and Whole Language Approach on Reading Comprehension Performance of Children with Learning Disabilities in Oyo State Nigeria Adetoun
Authors: Oladele Adetoun Olubanke , Oladele Isaac Taiwo
Published: July 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of collaborative strategic reading and whole language approach on reading comprehension performance of primary school children with learning disabilities in Oyo state Nigeria. Seventy eight pupils participated in the study; they were between ages nine and eleven. Five hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance, convenience sampling technique was used to sample participants. The study was carried out in ten weeks. A pre test post test control group quasi experimental design with a 3 x 2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. Analysis of covariance and t-test statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The five null hypotheses were rejected because there was significant difference in treatment effect across treatment groups and gender. It is hereby recommended that collaborative strategic reading should be employed to teach reading comprehension in Nigerian primary schools.
Crystal structure of an isomeric bis[(η
5:η
1-6,6-di-p-tolylpentafulvene)(η
5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(III)]-μ
2,η
1:η
1-dinitrogen complex, C60H66N2Ti2
Authors: Oswald Tim , Frey Annika , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger
Published: July 2016

C60H66N2Ti2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.8070(3) Å, b = 11.9544(5) Å, c = 12.3447(5) Å, α = 66.7623(13)°, β = 89.0505(13)°, γ = 80.9952(13)°, V = 1178.06(8) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0426, wR
ref(F2) = 0.1046, T = 100(2) K.
Impact of different factors on the yield and properties of fractions enriched in dietary fiber
isolated from peach (Prunus persica L.) residues
Authors: Sette Paula , Calvache Jhon Edinson Nieto , Soria Marcelo , Pla Marina de Escalada , Gerschenson Lía N.
Published: July 2016

The industrialization of peaches gives origin to
leftover remaining from fruit canning, juice or jam production. The transformation of leftover to dietary fiber
(DF) concentrates represents a strategy that can be incorporated in productive processes tending to optimize raw
material use. In the present research, DF was obtained
from peach (Prunus persica L.) using an ethanol treatment
followed by dehydration. The influence of four factors:
time and temperature of ethanol treatment prior to drying
step, ratio of ethanol to sample and drying temperature
using microwave or convective drying on different properties (yield, hydration properties, oil holding capacity
and apparent density) of the concentrate obtained, were
studied through a two level orthogonal design. Yield
ranged between 4.38-7.27 g/100g for all the conditions
explored. Time and temperature of the ethanol extraction
affected properties when a subsequent convective drying
was employed. The effect of the ethanol/sample ratio and
of the temperature of drying on oil holding capacity and
hydration properties was mainly detected on samples
dried by microwave technique. The results obtained provide insight into the effect of processing of plant residues on the properties of DF concentrates obtained and
on their potential performance as ingredients or additives for the food industry. It could be concluded that the
drying technique is a key factor in relation to the properties of dietary fiber enriched fractions isolated from peach.
Microwave drying allowed to produce fractions with functional properties that can be modulated through the use
of different relations of ethanol to sample ratio and drying
temperatures.
Verkörperung – Embodiment – Körperwissen
Authors: Kogge Werner
Published: July 2016

Das Konzept eines körperlichen Wissens gewinnt in einer Reihe von Diskursen zunehmend an Bedeutung: Wissenschafts-, Kultur- und Kunsttheorie, Sprach-, Medien- und Technikphilosophie, Ethnologie, Soziologie, Psychologie, Geschichtswissenschaften, Archäologie und Museumskunde – in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen spielen Begriffe wie tacit knowledge, implizites, verkörpertes und inkorporiertes Wissen, materiale Praxis und Performativität, Leiblichkeit und Materialität (material turn), situatedness, embodiment und embeddedness eine tragende Rolle. Der Text gibt eine historisch-systematische Kartierung von Diskursen und Denkfiguren, die – von der griechischen Antike bis ins 20. Jahrhundert – das gegenwärtige Diskursfeld geprägt haben.
Die Sichtbarkeit und Unsichtbarkeit von Körperwissen in der Kodifikation der Künste in der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Dupré Sven
Published: July 2016

Dieser Aufsatz behandelt das Thema der Darstellung von Körperwissen in der Kodifikation der Künste und Kunsthandwerke der frühen Neuzeit. Das Erlernen des Zeichnens war der Grundstein künstlerischer Ausbildung. Während vom 16. Jahrhundert an immer mehr Bücher und Anleitungen zum Erlernen des Zeichnens gedruckt wurden, einschließlich Teilen der gesamten menschlichen Gestalt im richtigen Verhältnis, so fällt doch auf, dass die Hand des Zeichners bei den in diesen Büchern beschriebenen Verfahren abwesend war. Vor dem Hintergrund der generellen Unsichtbarkeit von Körperbewegungen und Haltungen in den Kodifikationen der Künste der frühen Neuzeit untersucht dieser Aufsatz, wie sie sichtbar wurden.
Die Vollkommenheit der Schauspieler und Gehörlosen
Authors: Laqua Anna
Published: July 2016

Die bis heute wenig erforschten Texte des Londoner Arztes und Baconianers John Bulwer (1606-1656) entwerfen eine höchst originäre Theorie körperlichen Ausdrucks, die sich besonders gut anhand seiner Äußerungen zur Gehörlosigkeit nachvollziehen lässt. Denn die Befähigung zu Gebärdensprache und Lippenlesen wertet Bulwer als Zeugnis eines Körperwissens, das es ermöglicht, alternative Formen somatischer Beredsamkeit hervorzubringen. Die in diesem Kontext entwickelte „ körperliche Philosophie“ („Corporall Philosophy“) habe die Körpersprache als ein Wissensfeld zu berücksichtigen, das Aristoteles vollständig vernachlässigt habe, wie Bulwer unter Berufung auf Francis Bacon konstatiert. Bei seinem Vorhaben, diesem Desiderat beizukommen, greift Bulwer auf ein explizit theatrales Vokabular zurück. Welche epistemologischen Implikationen sich mit diesem Transfer verbinden, soll auf Grundlage eines frühneuzeitlichen Verständnisses von, Theater‘ als einer spezifischen Wahrnehmungssituation gezeigt werden.
Medizinisches Wissen des tibetischen Buddhismus in Bewegung
Authors: Triplett Katja
Published: July 2016

Die tibetische Heilkunde wird als ethnische Medizin in Teilen der Volksrepublik China, in Indien sowie in Regionen Zentralasiens praktiziert. Zudem wirken heute Kundige dieser Heilkunst auch außerhalb Asiens. Da Tibet zutiefst vom Buddhismus geprägt ist, spielen buddhistische Gedanken der Beziehung von Körper, Geist und den Gottheiten eine besondere Rolle in Tibets Medizin. So ist die medizinische Heilung in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem buddhistischen Heil zu sehen. Im Beitrag wird medizinische Episteme aus dieser Tradition anhand von textlichen und bildlichen Primärquellen, die bis heute im Zentrum der Tradierung medizinisch-rituellen Wissens stehen, vorgestellt und diskutiert, welche Probleme sich bei einem Transfer dieses Wissens beispielsweise nach Deutschland ergeben können.
Eine Kampfkunst lernen: Didaktische Transformationen und somatische Kommunikation
Authors: Schindler Larissa
Published: July 2016

Seit geraumer Zeit beschäftigt sich die Soziologie mit der Thematik des „Körperwissens“: Von Marcel Mauss’ These der Körpertechniken über Schütz’ Ausführungen zu Fertigkeiten, Bourdieus Thesen zum Habitus bis hin zu einer Reihe aktueller Arbeiten reicht der Bogen. Ich beschäftige mich im Folgenden mit dem Phänomen der schweigsamen Wissensvermittlung aus mikrosoziologischer Perspektive. Anhand von empirischem Material aus einer ethnografischen Studie in einem Kampfkunstverein gehe ich der Frage nach, wie in der alltäglichen Praxis des Trainings ein zum großen Teil im Medium des Körperlichen operierendes Wissen vom Trainer an die Schüler/-innen weitergegeben wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das körperliche Wissen der (inzwischen europäisch geprägten) Kampfkunst vor allem auf visuellem und somatischem Weg vermittelt wird. Körper führen Bewegungen vor und sie geben einander in Partnerübungen Feedback. Das Körperwissen der Kampfkunst wird peu à peu in einer Kommunikation zwischen Körpern (Goffman) weitergegeben, die jedoch nicht nur einen visuellen, sondern vor allem auch einen somatischen Kanal hat.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Sensory Integration and Sherborne Developmental Movement in improving of psychomotor functioning of autistic children
Authors: Zawadzka Dominika , Rymarczuk Aleksandra , Bugaj Rafał
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Autism is considered to be a holistic, pervasive developmental disorder, significantly determining functioning of the people suffering from it. Currently we witness an increase in detectability of this developmental disorder, with multi-factor, unclear ethology. To holistically improve functioning of autistic persons, early therapeutic intervention is necessary; its character should be individually adjusted to the needs of every child. Sensory Integration and Weronika Sherborne’s Developmental Movement positively influence the psychomotor development of autistic children. They are among therapy methods preferred by therapists and accepted by children. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Sensory Integration and Sherborne Developmental Movement in improving psychomotor functioning of children with autism. Material and methods: We studied a group of 24 children aged 6-12, clinically diagnosed with autism. 12 children participated in the Sensory Integration sessions and similarly, 12 children participated in Sherborne Developmental Movement. To assess the children’s activity regarding psychomotor development, the scale for observing children’s behaviour (SOZ-D) by Marta Bogdanowicz was used. Four development areas were studied: cognitive, emotional, social and motor, as well as various aspects of each of them. The study had two stages. Observation was conducted at the beginning of the therapy and after it had ended. For both methods the duration of the therapeutic programme was 4 months, with 45 minute sessions once a week. They took place in a properly equipped room, adapted for the needs of autistic children. Results: Based on analysis of the results of the research conducted we determined that both therapy methods resulted in a significant improvement in all development sub-scales: cognitive, emotional, social and motor. No significant differences in the effectiveness of both methods were observed. Conclusions: Both Sensory Integration and Sherborne Developmental Movement positively impact children with autism and can be effective forms of therapy.
Embodied identity – gendered body
Authors: Banaszak Ewa
Published: July 2016

In the literature one often comes across a thesis that body plays more relevant role in the development of female identity than in the development of male identity. Beauty and appearance are treated as key factors among numerous categories explicating the thesis. The beauty is considered to be the key feature in the definition of women, hence the appearance should be more relevant to female’s identity and should constitute the self and expansively introduce the body into consciousness and self-consciousness. Such a paradigm of relations between body and identity indicates that male’s identity is less embodied. What if it is not less embodied but anchored in different categories than appearance and beauty? What are these categories? Are these categories equally expansive in the introduction of body into consciousness and self-consciousness? An attempt to provide answers to these questions is based on interviews focused on the variety of experiences of nudity.
Complete relaxation of patients during physiotherapy
Authors: Miler Adrian , Pospiech Wojciech , Kamień Joanna , Kujawska Marlena , Rerek Małgorzata
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effects of music included in the music therapy programme on complete relaxation of patients during physiotherapy procedures.

Material and methods: The study was based on a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 30 people aged 18-70 who were actively subject to music therapy, and 30 people who did not listen to any music - i.e. a control group, aged 18-70; a total of 60 respondents. The questionnaire included 22 questions, which were the following: personal information, questions about music and music preferences, forms of musical activity, the role it plays in one’s life, ways of relaxation, the effects of music on pain sensation, emotions experienced during physiotherapy, expectations about the treatment sessions, opinions on the usefulness of music in relaxation during procedures. Another tool used was the Acceptance of Illness Scale questionnaire (AIS) designed by B.J. Felton, T.A Revenson, G.A. Hinrichsen, as adapted by Siegfried Juczyński. The scale is used to examine the sick. It is used to measure the level of acceptance of a disease. The tests were carried out at the Private Rehabilitation Clinic in Krojanty. The study commenced after obtaining the consent of the Bioethics Committee at the Nicolaus Copernicus University at Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz.

Conclusions: The majority of patients who participated in both the physiotherapy sessions, as well as music therapy sessions demonstrated a high level of acceptance of their health condition (assessed with the use of AIS questionnaire).
Analysis of the impact of a single artificial carbonic acid water bath on hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension
Authors: Szafraniec Rafał , Fryc Wioletta , Kochański Maciej
Published: July 2016

Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single artificial carbonic acid water bath on hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension.

Material and methods. Hypertensive patients (n = 33) were measured blood pressure and heart rate before the bath and during the last minute of treatment. Additionally calculated: stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), double product (RPP). The mineral water used in the therapeutic bath was artificially enriched with carbon dioxide (1000 mg/dm

Results. HR decreased by 7.6 bpm (p = 0.000001), systolic blood pressure by 9.2 mm Hg (p = 0.000001), diastolic blood pressure by 7.2 mm Hg (p = 0.000001), RPP by 1970.7 (p = 0.000001), SV increased by 3.3 ml (p = 0.00004), and Q did not change and in the both measurements was 3.7 l/min.

Conclusions. During the single carbonic acid bath, a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and double product was observed. Stroke volume has increased, while there was no effect on cardiac output.
A standard Fricke dosimeter compared to an ionization chamber used for dosimetric characterization of 60Co photon beam
Authors: Moussous Ouiza , Medjadj Toufik
Published: July 2016

The main objective of this study was to investigate the Fricke dosimeter water equivalent system for measurement of dosimetric parameters for photon beam. The parameters measured with the Fricke dosimeter were compared to those obtained with an ionization chamber. In this work characteristics for 60Co γ-rays of field sizes ranging from 5 × 5 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2 are reported. The measurements were carried out in the secondary standard dosimetry laboratory using a collimated 60Co gamma source therapy unit. The 60Co beam output in terms of absorbed dose to water was obtained as per IAEA TRS 398 recommendations using cylindrical ionization chamber, whose ND,w has been supplied by the IAEA's reference laboratory. Specific quantities measured include: output factors, peak scatter factor, lateral beam profiles and percentage depth dose. The Fricke dosimeters were irradiated in a water phantom using the suitable poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA stand. Our results demonstrate that Fricke dosimeter and ionization chamber agree with each other.
Stereotactic radiosurgery of prostate cancer – dose distribution for VMAT and CyberKnife techniques
Authors: Ślosarek Krzysztof , Osewski Wojciech , Grządziel Aleksandra , Stąpór-Fudzińska Małgorzata , Szlag Marta
Published: July 2016

New capabilities of biomedical accelerators allow for very precise depositing of the radiation dose and imaging verification during the therapy. In addition, computer algorithms calculating dose distributions are taking into account the increasing number of physical effects. Therefore, administration of high dose fractionation, which is consistent with radiobiology used in oncology, becomes safer and safer. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is very precise irradiation with high dose fractionation is increasingly widespread use in radiotherapy of prostate cancer. For this purpose different biomedical accelerators are used. The aim of this study is to compare dose distributions for two techniques: VMAT and CyberKnife. Statistical analysis was performed for the two groups of patients treated by VMAT technique (25 patients), and CyberKnife technique (15 patients). The analysis shows that the dose distributions are comparable, both in the treated area (prostate) and in the critical organs (rectum, urinary bladder, femoral heads). The results show that stereotactic radiosurgery of prostate cancer can be carried out on CyberKnife accelerator as well as on the classical accelerator with the use of VMAT technique.
Experimental investigation on radiation shielding of high performance concrete for nuclear and radiotherapy facilities
Authors: Domański Szymon , Gryziński Michał A. , Maciak Maciej , Murawski Łukasz , Tulik Piotr , Tymińska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the set of procedures developed in Radiation Protection Measurements Laboratory at National Centre for Nuclear Research for evaluation of shielding properties of high performance concrete. The purpose of such procedure is to characterize the material behaviour against gamma and neutron radiation. The range of the densities of the concrete specimens was from 2300 to 3900 kg/m3. The shielding properties against photons were evaluated using 137Cs and 60Co sources. The neutron radiation measurements have been performed by measuring the transmitted radiation from 239PuBe source. Scattered neutron radiation has been evaluated using the shadow cone technique. A set up of ionization chambers was used during all experiments. The gamma dose was measured using C-CO2 ionization chamber. The neutron dose was evaluated with recombination chamber of REM-2 type with appropriate recombination method applied. The method to distinguish gamma and neutron absorbed dose components in mixed radiation fields using twin detector method was presented. Also, recombination microdosimetric method was applied for the obtained results. Procedures to establish consecutive half value layers and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL) for gamma and neutron radiation were presented. Measured HVL and TVL values were linked with concrete density to highlight well known dependence. Also, influence of specific admixtures to concrete on neutron attenuation properties was studied. The results confirmed the feasibility of approach for the radiation shielding investigations.
Salivary neopterin concentrations in patients with cancer of the oral cavity
Authors: Pink Richard , Melichar Bohuslav , Tomandl Josef , Blažková Lenka , Tvrdý Peter , Zapletalová Jana
Published: July 2016

Tumors of the oral cavity are relatively common malignancies with a poor prognosis. Use of both prognostic and predictive biomarkers in saliva represents one approach to improve the management of patients with these cancers. The aim of the present study was to measure salivary neopterin concentrations before and after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal cancer to assess potential use as a biomarker in clinical practice. Salivary neopterin concentration was determined before and after surgery in 16 patients treated for oropharyngeal cancer and compared with 15 healthy volunteers. Salivary neopterin concentrations were significantly higher in patients before surgery compared to the healthy controls. After the surgery, neopterin concentrations decreased significantly, and concentrations in patients and controls were comparable. A significant correlation was observed between the sum of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs values and salivary neopterin concentrations. In conclusion, tumor removal results in significant decrease of salivary neopterin concentrations. The use of salivary neopterin in diagnosis is compounded by an association with periodontal disease.
Agility in Young Athletes: Is It a Different Ability From Speed and Power?
Authors: Negra Yassine , Chaabene Helmi , Hammami Mehréz , Amara Samiha , Sammoud Senda , Mkaouer Bessem , Hachana Younés
Published: July 2016

Negra, Y, Chaabene, H, Hammami, M, Amara, S, Sammoud, S, Mkaouer, B, and Hachana, Y. Agility in young athletes: is it a different ability from speed and power? J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 727–735, 2017—Agility is an important physical attribute for successful participation in team sports events. Illinois agility test (IAT) and T-test have been widely used within adult team sports players to assess agility performance. The purposes of this investigation are (a) to study the reliability and the sensitivity of both IAT and T-test scores and (b) to explore to what extend the agility is an independent physical ability from speed time and jumping ability. Competitive-level young soccer (n = 95) and handball players (n = 92) participated in this study (i.e., approximately 12 years old). Reliability analyses were established by determining intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)) and typical error of measurement (TEM). The sensitivity of agility tests was revealed by comparing TEM to the value of the smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The second aim was examined by means of the principal component analysis. Results revealed that the scores of both IAT and T-test showed a high reliability (all ICC(3,1) > 0.90 and TEM < 5%) and sensitivity (all TEM < SWC). Principal component analysis resulted in one significant component for the soccer and handball group each that explained 72.18 and 80.16% of the total variance, respectively. Significant relationships were recorded between all the selected tests (r = −0.72 to 0.85, p < 0.001). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that both IAT and T-test provided reliable and sensitive scores. Therefore, these tests could be strongly recommended to evaluate agility within young male competitive-level team sports athletes. In addition, it seems that agility, speed time, and jumping ability assess the same physical attribute in young competitive-level team sports players.
Optimal Load and Power Spectrum During Jerk and Back Jerk in Competitive Weightlifters
Authors: Flores Francisco Javier , Sedano Silvia , Redondo Juan C.
Published: July 2016

Flores, FJ, Sedano, S, and Redondo, JC. Optimal load and power spectrum during jerk and back jerk in competitive weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 809–816, 2017—Although the ability to develop high levels of power is considered as a key component of success in many sporting activities, the optimal load (Pmax load) that maximizes power output (Pmax) remains controversial mainly during weightlifting movements. The aim of the present study was to determine Pmax load and optimal power spectrum (OPS) required to elicit Pmax by comparing jerk and back jerk exercises in competitive weightlifters. Thirteen male competitive weightlifters participated in 2 testing sessions. The first session involved performing one repetition maximum (1RM) in the back jerk and jerk and the second session assessed a power test across a spectrum of loads (30–90%) of each subject's 1RM in the predetermined exercises tested. Relative load had a significant effect on peak power, with Pmax load being obtained at 90% of the subjects' 1RM in both exercises assessed. There was no significant difference between the power outputs at 80% of 1RM compared with 90% of 1RM. Furthermore, Pmax load and OPS were the same for jerk and back jerk, whereas peak power in the back jerk demonstrated no significant increases in every load of the power-load curve. We can conclude that it may be advantageous to use loads equivalent to 80–90% of the 1RM in jerk and back jerk in competitive weightlifters when training to maximize power.
Performance Modeling: A System-Based Approach to Exercise Selection
Authors: Read Paul J. , Bishop Chris , Brazier Jon , Turner Anthony N.
Published: July 2016

IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING PROGRAMS FOR ATHLETES, OFTEN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES DO NOT DEVELOP AN APPROPRIATE SYSTEM WHICH IS INTEGRATED WITH THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE GOALS. THE SYSTEM OF PERFORMANCE MODELING PROMOTES THE DESIGN OF TRAINING PROGRAMS WHICH USE A CLEAR SYSTEM OF ANALYSIS, TESTING, AND EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION, WHICH INCREASES TRANSFER OF TRAINING AND ENHANCES SPORTS PERFORMANCE. THIS ARTICLE OUTLINES THE CONCEPT OF PERFORMANCE MODELING USING A SPORT EXAMPLE. FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO PROMOTE INDIVIDUALIZATION OF TRAINING PRESCRIPTION USING A PROGRESSION/REGRESSION SEQUENCE ARE ALSO SUGGESTED.
Enhancing Skill and Performance in Resistance Training
Authors: Kompf Justin
Published: July 2016

ENHANCED MUSCULAR STRENGTH IS BENEFICIAL TO ATHLETES BECAUSE OF IMPROVED RATE OF FORCE DEVELOPMENT. FOR ATHLETES TO PROGRESS IN RESISTANCE TRAINING, IT IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE THAT PROPER FORM IS TAUGHT. THERE ARE MANY ASPECTS OF WEIGHT LIFTING THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE. HAVING PROPER FORM IS ONE OF THESE ASPECTS. IT IS THE COACH'S JOB TO TEACH RESISTANCE TRAINING EXERCISES THAT REQUIRE SKILL AND ALSO TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE FOR THE EXERCISES THEY ARE TEACHING. THIS REVIEW COVERS EXERCISE SELECTION, MODELING, FOCUS OF ATTENTION, AND AUGMENTED FEEDBACK FOR THE SPORT AND PERFORMANCE COACH.
The Power Clean and Power Snatch From the Knee
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , DeWeese Brad H. , Serrano Ambrose J.
Published: July 2016

THE POWER CLEAN AND POWER SNATCH FROM THE KNEE CAN BE USED IN THE TEACHING PROGRESSION OF THE CLEAN AND SNATCH EXERCISES BECAUSE THEY EMPHASIZE POSITIONAL STRENGTH DURING THE TRANSITION PHASE, USE THE DOUBLE KNEE BEND TECHNIQUE, AND TRAIN THE TRIPLE EXTENSION OF THE HIP, KNEE, AND ANKLE JOINTS.
How Iconicity Helps People Learn New Words: Neural Correlates and Individual Differences in Sound-Symbolic Bootstrapping
Authors: Lockwood Gwilym , Hagoort Peter , Dingemanse Mark
Published: July 2016

Sound symbolism is increasingly understood as involving iconicity, or perceptual analogies and cross-modal correspondences between form and meaning, but the search for its functional and neural correlates is ongoing. Here we study how people learn sound-symbolic words, using behavioural, electrophysiological and individual difference measures. Dutch participants learned Japanese ideophones —lexical sound-symbolic words— with a translation of either the real meaning (in which form and meaning show cross-modal correspondences) or the opposite meaning (in which form and meaning show cross-modal clashes). Participants were significantly better at identifying the words they learned in the real condition, correctly remembering the real word pairing 86.7% of the time, but the opposite word pairing only 71.3% of the time. Analysing event-related potentials (ERPs) during the test round showed that ideophones in the real condition elicited a greater P3 component and late positive complex than ideophones in the opposite condition. In a subsequent forced choice task, participants were asked to guess the real translation from two alternatives. They did this with 73.0% accuracy, well above chance level even for words they had encountered in the opposite condition, showing that people are generally sensitive to the sound-symbolic cues in ideophones. Individual difference measures showed that the ERP effect in the test round of the learning task was greater for participants who were more sensitive to sound symbolism in the forced choice task. The main driver of the difference was a lower amplitude of the P3 component in response to ideophones in the opposite condition, suggesting that people who are more sensitive to sound symbolism may have more difficulty to suppress conflicting cross-modal information. The findings provide new evidence that cross-modal correspondences between sound and meaning facilitate word learning, while cross-modal clashes make word learning harder, especially for people who are more sensitive to sound symbolism.
IgG4-related hypophysitis presenting as diabetes insipidus with tubulo-interstital nephritis and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Patel Rayna , Mustafa Waheed , Sheaff Michael T , Khan Sami
Published: July 2016

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare but increasingly recognised condition, emerging as a clinical entity following the observation of the associations of autoimmune pancreatitis. IgG4-RD is characterised by extensive infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into multiple organs and raised serum IgG4 levels. Clinical manifestations of IgG4 disease classically include autoimmune pancreatitis, lacrimal or salivary gland infiltration (formerly known as Mikulicz disease) and retroperitoneal fibrosis. More rarely, IgG4 disease can cause pituitary hypophysitis. Although most frequently described in middle-aged males, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease remain largely undefined. Nevertheless, an understanding of the wide variety of clinical manifestations of this multi-system condition is undeniably important given the often excellent outcomes following treatment. We describe an unusual presentation of IgG4 disease with isolated diabetes insipidus secondary to pituitary hypophysitis. The patient in question subsequently developed chest pain secondary to mediastinal lymphadenopathy and tubulo-interstitial nephritis leading to renal dysfunction. He was successfully treated with oral steroids and had regular follow-up, and remains well at follow-up 2 years later.

Learning points

IgG4 disease, although rare, is increasing in prevalence largely due to increased recognition of its clinical manifestations, including autoimmune pancreatitis, lacrimal or salivary gland infiltration, retroperitoneal fibrosis and, more rarely, lymphocytic hypophysitis presenting as diabetes insipidus.

IgG4 disease is highly treatable, and symptoms may show complete resolution with administration of steroids, highlighting the importance of correct and timely diagnosis.

Causes of lymphocytic hypophysitis are varied and not distinguishable radiologically. Given the difficulty in biopsying the pituitary, careful attention must be paid to the systemic clinical presentation to provide clues as to the underlying disorder.
Plasma exchange in the treatment of thyroid storm secondary to type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zainudin Sueziani Binte , Kaushik Manish , Khor Li Yan , Chng Chiaw Ling
Published: July 2016

Type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is an uncommon cause of thyroid storm. Due to the rarity of the condition, little is known about the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of severe AIT. A 56-year-old male presented with thyroid storm 2months following cessation of amiodarone. Despite conventional treatment, his condition deteriorated. He underwent two cycles of plasma exchange, which successfully controlled the severe hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone levels continued to fall up to 10h following plasma exchange. He subsequently underwent emergency total thyroidectomy and the histology of thyroid gland confirmed type II AIT. Management of thyroid storm secondary to type II AIT can be challenging as patients may not respond to conventional treatments, and thyroid storm may be more harmful in AIT patients owing to the underlying cardiac disease. If used appropriately, plasma exchange can effectively reduce circulating hormones, to allow stabilisation of patients in preparation for emergency thyroidectomy.

Learning points

Type II AIT is an uncommon cause of thyroid storm and may not respond well to conventional thyroid storm treatment.

Prompt diagnosis and therapy are important, as patients may deteriorate rapidly.

Plasma exchange can be used as an effective bridging therapy to emergency thyroidectomy.

This case shows that in type II AIT, each cycle of plasma exchange can potentially lower free triiodothyronine levels for 10h.

Important factors to consider when planning plasma exchange as a treatment for thyroid storm include timing of each session, type of exchange fluid to be used and timing of surgery.
Back to the Future: Mutant Hunts Are Still the Way To Go
Authors: Winston Fred , Koshland Douglas
Published: July 2016

Innumerable breakthroughs in many fundamental areas of biology have come from unbiased screens and selections for mutations, either across the genome or within a gene. However, long-standing hurdles to key elements of mutant hunts (mutagenesis, phenotypic characterization, and linkage of phenotype to genotype) have limited the organisms in which mutant hunts could be used. These hurdles are now being eliminated by an explosion of new technologies. We believe that a renewed emphasis on unbiased mutant hunts, in both existing model systems and in those where genetics is just now becoming feasible, will lead to new seminal discoveries and surprises.
Chromosome Duplication inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bell Stephen P , Labib Karim
Published: July 2016

The accurate and complete replication of genomic DNA is essential for all life. In eukaryotic cells, the assembly of the multi-enzyme replisomes that perform replication is divided into stages that occur at distinct phases of the cell cycle. Replicative DNA helicases are loaded around origins of DNA replication exclusively during G1 phase. The loaded helicases are then activated during S phase and associate with the replicative DNA polymerases and other accessory proteins. The function of the resulting replisomes is monitored by checkpoint proteins that protect arrested replisomes and inhibit new initiation when replication is inhibited. The replisome also coordinates nucleosome disassembly, assembly, and the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Finally, when two replisomes converge they are disassembled. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have led the way in our understanding of these processes. Here, we review our increasingly molecular understanding of these events and their regulation.
Adaptación y exclusión: versiones del derecho al territorio. El caso de Pensilvania, Caldas
Authors: Calderón Andrea Martínez
Published: July 2016

El derecho al territorio exige un ejercicio de análisis particular en el marco de los conflictos que transitan entre intervenciones armadas legales o ilegales, y procesos de extracción, de producción de energía o de reforestación comercial como modelos yuxtapuestos de gestión territorial sobre la que, de manera inminente, van reconfigurándose nuevos conflictos. En ese orden de ideas, el artículo parte de un análisis teórico del derecho al territorio y de los instrumentos de protección a sus titulares a través de las titulaciones colectivas de la propiedad y de las zonas de reserva campesina, lo anterior, con el fin de precisar el impacto de las estrategias locales y de los instrumentos jurídicos en las reconfiguraciones de los conflictos territoriales en el municipio de Pensilvania, Caldas. A partir de talleres, grupos focales, fuentes secundarias, recorridos topográficos, observaciones y entrevistas fue posible inferir que los procesos de territorialización, de adaptación y de movilización quedan sujetos a estructuras endebles que ponen en jaque cada vez más a una población históricamente desprotegida.
El enclave urbano, lógica socioespacial de la periferia urbanizada y sus efectos sobre la segregación residencial y la fragmentación urbana
Authors: Capron Guénola , Esquivel Hernández María Teresa
Published: July 2016

La producción de las periferias metropolitanas en Latinoamérica se ha caracterizado por el desarrollo de enclaves urbanos, residenciales y comerciales. Estos enclaves abarcan tanto los grandes conjuntos urbanos de vivienda de interés social como fraccionamientos y conjuntos privados orientados a poblaciones de altos ingresos. Ambas periferias responden a razones sociales muy diferentes, pero con una misma lógica espacial: la del enclave, el cual profundiza el aislamiento y la distancia social con sus entornos, generando segregación y fragmentación. En esta investigación, se pretenden rescatar los procesos sociales y espaciales de ‘enclavamiento’ o de ‘insularización’ en dos casos: una urbanización cerrada del nororiente —Zona Esmeralda— y un conjunto urbano del oriente —San Buenaventura—, ambos limítrofes de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México.
Turismo urbano en contexto metropolitano: Tigre como destino turístico en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Bertoncello Rodolfo V. , Iuso Romina
Published: July 2016

Este artículo aborda el tema de las ciudades como destino turístico, específicamente, en relación con las configuraciones y dinámicas metropolitanas. Se analiza el caso de la localidad de Tigre como destino turístico que, siendo parte constitutiva del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, se oferta integrado al “destino turístico Buenos Aires”. El papel de la localidad turística en el contexto metropolitano es analizado a partir del reconocimiento de la escasez de estudios sobre el tema en esta escala. El análisis se enfoca en los procesos que desembocan en la configuración de la localidad como destino turístico, asumiendo que dicho carácter es resultado de acciones específicas, orientadas a adecuar el lugar a los requerimientos turísticos. Con esto, se cuestionan los difundidos enfoques que asumen, en forma naturalizada, la “vocación turística” de los lugares.