bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing fully endogenous hyperpolarized molecular probes for imaging cerebral metabolism
Authors: Anvarivind Fatemeh , Lê Thanh Phong , Capozzi Andrea , Mishkovsky Mor
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Photo-induced non-persistent radicals for dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) reduce the delay between the preparation and injection of hyperpolarized (HP) substrates by avoiding the need for filtering potentially toxic radicals. Goal(s): Our goal was the in vivo implementation of probes hyperpolarized with endogenous non-persistent polarizing agents. Approach: Brain metabolism of HP glucose was monitored in a group of 12h-fasted male mice. Results: The lactate-to-glucose ratio (LGR) was found similar to previously reported values, with a trend of higher LGR when glucose was hyperpolarized with alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) than Trityl radicals. Impact: Our investigation demonstrates the successful in-vivo application of radical-free HP glucose, revealing metabolic responses comparable to those achieved with stable persistent radicals and indicating the potential benefits of hyperpolarizing glucose with aKG radicals.
Coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion MRI using hyperpolarized water
Authors: Zhao Yupeng , Lerche Mathilde , Karlsson Magnus , Olin Rie , Hansen Esben , Laustsen Christoffer , Hanson Lars , Ardenkjær-Larsen Jan Henrik
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional cardiac MRI plays an essential role in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the image quality is limited by low SNR. Goal(s): Hyperpolarized water can address this problem and be an alternative to Gd-based MR contrast agents for coronary MR angiography (MRA) and myocardial perfusion MRI with minimal safety concerns. Approach: In this work, we demonstrate a procedure to achieve high-resolution motion-free coronary MRA and 3D whole heart myocardial perfusion quantification using hyperpolarized water. Results: The work shows that hyperpolarized water is suited as a positive contrast agent for coronary MRA and myocardial perfusion MRI. Impact: Compared to previous work on coronary MRA and myocardial perfusion MRI using hyperpolarized 13C/1H, we achieve higher spatial resolution and image quality. Despite invasive catheterisation procedures, the method can be applied in particular situations and has potential for broader use.
Imaging Tumor Metabolism in Patients with Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bankson James , Walker Christopher , Schellingerhout Dawid , Chen Yunyun , Reed Brandy , Michel Keith , Carlon Stephanie , Underwood Michelle , Hash Stacy , Jones Jerell , Gonzalez Jose , Schuster Sandra , Hanna Ehab , Morrison William , Sousa Luana , Chariwala Moin , Day Andrew , Fuller C , Sandulache Vlad , Lai Stephen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Changes in metabolic imaging biomarkers offer tremendous potential for assessing response and optimizing treatment for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Goal(s): To assess the translational viability of metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate in patients with HNSCC. Approach: Patients with HNSCC are recruited into a prospective imaging study and scanned with HP [1-13C]-pyruvate in a test-retest paradigm before start of therapy. Results: Preliminary data indicates that reproducibility of semi-quantitative measures of tumor metabolism are high, with correlation between test-retest measurements >80% in all voxels that exceed a minimum SNR threshold and correlation >96% in regions identified as tumor. Impact: These results demonstrate that metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate generates sufficient SNR and spatiotemporal resolution to permit reproducible measurement of tumor metabolism in patients with HNSCC.
Brain atrophy in epilepsy, a function of etiology? A preliminary analysis
Authors: Chambers Stefanie , Hofer Leo , Lazen Philipp , Tomschik Matthias , Baumgartner Christoph , Koren Johannes , Bogner Wolfgang , Dorfer Christian , Mayer Florian , Moser Katharina , Feucht Martha , Pataraia Ekatarina , Pontillo Giuseppe , Trattnig Siegfried , Kasprian Gregor , Rössler Karl , Hangel Gilbert , Haider Lukas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The relationship of grey-matter atrophy in structural epilepsy across various etiologies remains poorly understood. Goal(s): To perform volumetric brain MRI analysis in the presence of structural epileptogenic brain lesions. Approach: 68 subjects with structural epilepsy were longitudinally imaged, grey-matter volume estimates were derived from SynthSeg segmentations and corrected for structural lesions with manual segmentation. Grey-matter volume change was assessed over five structural etiological groups and related to the Seizure Frequency Score. Results: Our data show significant correlation between grey-matter volume loss and the Seizure Frequency Score. We could find no clear trend across etiological groups in our primary analysis. Impact: Our analysis of grey-matter volume loss in structural epilepsy shows a correlation with the Seizure Frequency Score, supporting the concept of epilepsy-associated neurodegeneration and highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum of preschool autism spectrum disorder: a diffusion kurtosis imaging study
Authors: Shen Yanyong , Zhao Xin , Wang Kaiyu , Zhao Junfeng , Sun Yongbing , Liu Shipeng , Lu Yu , Yang Jinze , Zhang Xiaoan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: With the rising incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the absence of clear diagnostic biomarkers, there's an urgent need to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention for affected children. Goal(s): We aimed to investigate microstructural disparities within the corpus callosum of ASD. Approach: We extracted diffusion parameters in the corpus callosum's genu, body, and splenium. Logistic Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis models were constructed to assess the diagnostic potential of each parameter. Results: Significant distinctions in diffusion and white matter tract integrity metrics were observed, and machine learning models revealed the effectiveness of metrics in ASD diagnosis. Impact: DKI data can be used to evaluate the abnormalities in the microstructure of the corpus callosum in children with ASD and provide objective measurements to diagnose children with ASD.
Novel radiomic models based on DCE MRI for predicting axillary pathologic response in node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Li Yanbo , Xue Yuchen , Guo Jinxia , Xie Lizhi , Lu Hong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: It's essential for breast and axillary conservation surgery decisions by accurately predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in node-positive breast cancer. Goal(s): We aimed to evaluate the performance of intratumor and peritumor radiomics signature from pretreatment DCE-MRI for predicting ALN pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC in breast cancer patients. Approach: We retrospectively collected 175 patients and integrated the clinicopathological features and DCE-MRI radiomics signature for prediction. Results: The radiomics score was identified as one of independent predictor for ALN pCR. The factors in the optimal model include initial clinical N stage, ER status, HER2 status, and radiomics score. Impact: The independent risk factors can provide valuable insights into the patients’ conditions before NAC. The nomogram model may help to identify the candidates who do not necessarily require ALN dissection, thereby facilitating personalized treatment strategies for node-positive breast cancer.
High-resolution Organ-axial T2-weighted Improves the Accuracy and Reliability of FIGO Classification of Fibroids
Authors: Wang Ke , Cheng Jin , Gou Xinyi , Zhou Rong , Lian Jianxiu , Zhang Yang , Wang Jianliu , Hong Nan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Limitations of the FIGO classification of fibroid by MRI include interobserver variability, especially for large lesion, leading to distortion of the uterine landmarks. Goal(s): We aim to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of FIGO type using organ-axial T2WI . Approach: Organ- and body-axial T2WI were used to identify FIGO classification of fibroids. FIGO types assigned by each radiologist and operation outcome were compared. The association and correlation between FIGO types and cavity compression parameters were analysis. Results: Organ-axial images showed excellent consistency (kappa=0.877, P=0.04) and accuracy (kappa=0.932, P=0.037) . Compression angle exhibited linear correlation with FIGO types with r of 0.68 (P<0.001) . Impact: High resolution organ-axial T2 weighted MR could provide exceptional reliability and accuracy in identifying the FIGO classification for uterine fibroid and can be applied to assist in treatment planning and assessing response assessment.
Fw-classification, an open-source package for MRI scan classification
Authors: Torres Luis , Richman Nate , Velasco Pablo , Perry Michael , Pannetier Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Our motivation is the challenge presented by the variability of DICOM metadata across different MRI scan manufacturers and protocols which can complicate scan type classification. Goal(s): To provide a simple yet versatile tool for the classification of MRI scan types, which enhances classification accuracy through a refined methodology. Approach: We use YAML-based declarative rules to process the arbitrary DICOM metadata, enabling nuanced categorization of MRI scans that can adapt to the mentioned variability. Results: The ability to accurately map complex combinations of metadata characteristics to define scan types and intrinsic features, thereby achieving a classification process that is both precise and quick. Impact: The fw-classification package simplifies the image classification workflow, minimizing potential for human error, and increasing throughput. This adaptable framework handles complex and heterogeneous metadata structures, which is necessary for robust classification across a variety of manufacturers and protocols.
Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping for layer specific activation
Authors: Straub Sina
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The feasibility of high-resolution fQSM at ultra-high field and the good localization properties of fQSM as well as its quantitative nature motivated this study which aims to use fQSM for investigating layer-dependent activation. Goal(s): To investigate the feasibility to study layer-dependent activation with fQSM. Approach: Data were acquired with a segmented multi-shot 3D EPI sequence at 7 Tesla, high-resolution data were denoised prior to fQSM computation. Layer-dependet fMRI and fQSM signals were extracted from 20 layers. Results: fQSM shows distinctively different activation patterns across cortical layer compared to fMRI. Impact: High-resolution fQSM acquired at 7 Tesla is used to study layer dependence of fQSM in comparison with BOLD fMRI. fQSM quantifies the underlaying susceptibility change more directly, therefore it might be feasible to use fQSM to study layer-dependent activation.
High resolution fMRI identifies distinct patterns in myogenic (breath hold) and neurogenic (visual) BOLD responses
Authors: Gomez Daniel , Anakwe Stephanie , Beldzik Ewa , Polimeni Jonathan , Lewis Laura
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Vascular biases in BOLD fMRI hinder the interpretation of neural activity from hemodynamics. Correction methods based on myogenic challenges hold promise in improving specificity, but their limitations for high-resolution imaging have not been fully explored. Goal(s): To compare neurogenic and myogenic responses and quantify the extent to which biases can be removed in high-resolution imaging. Approach: We imaged visual and breathhold responses and compared the amplitude and delay of responses across V1 and across cortical depths. Results: Amplitude calibration virtually eliminated intercortical and interregional biases even in small ROIs within V1. Delay calibration was not effective, due to different delay patterns across conditions. Impact: BOLD amplitude calibration with breathhold tasks can suppress biases in BOLD estimates across cortical depths and ROIs. However, our work highlights fundamental differences in the dynamics of myogenic and neurogenic responses that precluded satisfactory calibration of hemodynamic delays.
Changes in Brain Network Connectivity in Obese Patients Following Weight Loss Surgery Based on Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Duan Junhong , Liao Yunjie , Wu Peng , Rong Pengfei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Bariatric surgery can rapidly alter obese status, but its effects on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in obesity remain unclear. Goal(s): We examined the effects of bariatric surgery on rsFC between brain networks in obese patients using independent component analysis. Approach: Thirty obese patients underwent resting state fMRI scans before and after bariatric surgery. We used independent component analysis to analyze surgery-related rsFC changes. Results: Bariatric surgery improved rsFC of hVN-lFPN, hVN-SMN, AUN-pDMN, AUN-DAN, pVN-aDMN, pVN-SMN, pDMN-SN, aDMN-DAN, and SMN-DAN in obese patients. These results indicate that bariatric surgery induces functional reorganization of brain networks in obesity. Impact: Bariatric surgery can rapidly alter obese status. Our study investigates the rsFC before and after bariatric surgery, results show that bariatric surgery induces functional reorganization of brain networks in obesity.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unveils Acupuncture's Impact on Postpartum Depression
Authors: Chen Liling , Li Xinbei , Lyu Hanqing , Qin Haodong , Hu Xiling
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Acupuncture has received increasing attention for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD), but the biological mechanisms are unclear. Goal(s): Our study focused on the mechanisms of acupuncture-induced changes in brain function in PPD and whether this correlates with improvements in clinical symptoms. Approach: The PPD group underwent depression scale assessment and fMRI at baseline, after 8 weeks of acupuncture, comparing pre- and post-acupuncture data to the HPD cohort. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in HAMD scores and a significant increase in fALFF values of SMG.L in the PPD group after needling, but no correlation was found between the two. Impact: This article offers preliminary evidence for acupuncture's potential in treating postpartum depression and explores brain activity changes using neuroimaging. It has the potential to inspire further research on depression treatment and neural mechanisms, providing new insights for clinical practice.
Evaluation of Looping Star, a novel silent fMRI technique for auditory task fMRI
Authors: Wang Yaoxuan , Zhu Yuting , Chen Shengqi , Zhang Yong , Dou Weiqiang , Jiang Mengda , Tao Xiaofeng , Wu Hao , Wang Zhaoyan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The scan noise of Gradient-recalled echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) is a major confounding factor for auditory task fMRI. Goal(s): This study evaluated a novel silent fMRI technique, "Looping Star," comparing it to the conventional GRE-EPI method. Approach: A passive listening task consisting of a continuous stream of multilingual babble was applied for seven participants who underwent Looping Star and GRE-EPI scans respectively using similar scan parameters. Results: Looping Star showed higher sensitivity in detecting activations in primary auditory areas and additional regions not identified by GRE-EPI. Impact: The results indicate Looping Star's potential for more accurate and comprehensive auditory task fMRI studies due to reduced acoustic interference.
Hyperoxic challenge combined with hyperpolarized 129-xenon dissolved-phase imaging in a porcine model of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Vaeggemose Michael , Kristensen Mattias , Schulte Rolf , Redda Mohsen , Hansen Esben , Hansen Jacob , Rodgers Oliver , Collier Guilhem , Norquay Graham , Andersen Asger , Wild Jim , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular death. Timely diagnosis is crucial but challenging. Increasing inspired oxygen levels to 40% or above has proven an effective treatment in acute PE by altering pulmonary gas exchange. Goal(s): Our goal is to determine if hyperpolarized 129-xenon gas can diagnose PE. Approach: Hyperpolarized 129-xenon dissolved-phase imaging was evaluated by applying a hyperoxic challenge in a porcine PE model. Results: Whole lung assessment of dissolved-phase imaging indicates regional pulmonary gas exchange increases with higher inhaled oxygen levels. Nevertheless, hyperoxic challenge effects did not diagnose PE. Impact: The study shows great potential of a pulmonary gas exchange imaging with the application of dissolved-phase hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging throughout a hyperoxic challenge. Nevertheless, the method did not improve diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in our porcine animal model.
The relationship of glutamate to glutamine and metabolic profiling in focal epilepsy using 7T CRT-FID-MRSI
Authors: Chambers Stefanie , Shayeste Haniye , Lazen Philipp , Tomschik Matthias , Wais Jonathan , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Traub-Weidinger Tatjana , Baumgartner Christoph , Koren Johannes , Moser Katharina , Mayer Florian , Feucht Martha , Dorfer Christian , Pataraia Ekatarina , Haider Lukas , Kasprian Gregor , Bogner Wolfgang , Trattnig Siegfried , Rössler Karl , Hangel Gilbert
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We want to explore the potential benefits that high-field MRSI can provide added value by allowing for higher spectral resolution of metabolites. Goal(s): Our goal was to test the robustness of 7T-CRT-FID-MRSI in the characterization of epilepsy, in particular with respect to glutamate and glutamine. Approach: We measured 42 patients with focal epilepsy using 7T-CRT-FID-MRSI. The obtained metabolites were normalized to ratios of NAA and tCr and concentration estimates of glutamate and glutamine were related to seizure frequency. Results: We could demonstrate that high-field MRSI shows high sensitivity in identifying epileptic zones as well as a correlation of glutamate/glutamine ratios to seizure frequency. Impact: 7T-CRT-FID MRSI shows high potential for identifying metabolic alterations in epilepsy. Additionally, due to higher spectral resolution, we could demonstrate a correlation of seizure frequency to the glutamate/glutamine ratio, potentially aiding in quantification of seizure burden in clinical practice.
Optimization of the power independent of number of slices presaturated ultrashort echo time (PINS-UTE) pulse sequence
Authors: Reich Jason , MacMillan Erin , Feldman Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences are essential for short T2 imaging, but have resulted in long scan times. Simultaneous multi-slice techniques can reduce scan times, but until the recent development of the PINS-UTE sequence, they been incompatible with UTE sequences. Goal(s): We aim to optimize the slice profiles of the PINS-UTE sequence. Approach: We investigate the effects of minimum radiofrequency subpulse duration, repetition time (TR), and gradient areas on in-vivo slice profiles. Results: A minimum subpulse duration of 153.6 µs, TR of 250 ms with crusher gradients, and spoiler gradients with areas of 11.7 ms*mT/m on in-plane axes resulted in optimal slice profiles. Impact: Power independent of number of slices (PINS) presaturation enables simultaneous multi-slice ultrashort echo time acquisitions and can reduce scan times for short T2 imaging. In this work, out-of-slice signal artifacts are reduced by optimizing elements of the PINS-UTE sequence.
Cerebral Blood Flow Variations by pCASL Corroborates Clinical Neurobehavioral Scores in a Canine Model of Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Chinedozi Ifeanyi , Sankaralayam Dinil , Miao Xinyuan , Darby Zachary , Kang Jin , Briscoe Jessica , Rando Hannah , Jantzie Lauren , Scafidi Joseph , Sair Haris , Lu Hanzhang , Lawton Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cerebral injury following deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) remains an important clinical problem in cardiac surgery. Investigating mechanisms of neuroprotection and establishing clinically efficient means to assess acute brain injury following HCA has been the cornerstone of our laboratory's work. Goal(s): Identify mechanism of cerebral injury following HCA. Establish accurate and efficient mechanisms for diagnosing acute brain injury following HCA. Approach: Double blinded, prospective, randomized large animal study using canines and multiple neurobehavioral testing instruments including clinically validated methods and pCASL MR imaging. Results: Cerebral blood flow corroborates with clinically validated neurobehavioral scoring instruments in a canine model of HCA. Impact: By employing highly effective mechanisms for acute brain injury diagnosis and matching these with ongoing RO1-funded mechanism of neuroprotection following HCA, we aim to impact all cardiac patients in the world who may need deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Prostate MRI at 7T using high-performance gradients and an 8Tx/16Rx RF array: a clinical feasibility study
Authors: Wenz Daniel , De Perrot Thomas , Aslam Ibtisam , Piredda Gian , Martuzzi Roberto , Mattera Loan , Deux Jean-Francois , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Glessgen Carl , Delattre-Klauser Antoine , Hilbert Tom , Schmitter Sebastian , Wildenberg Saskia , Bitz Andreas , Nagel Armin , Egger Nico , Nagelstrasser Sophia , Lanz Titus , Kimmlingen Ralph , Herrler Juergen , Valerio Massimo , Xin Lijing , Vallee Jean-Paul
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To better detect and delineate prostate cancer using ultrahigh field MRI. Goal(s): To investigate if clinical prostate MRI at 7T using recent technological advances is feasible. Approach: Prostate MRI was performed in 5 healthy volunteers using the latest generation of whole-body 7T MRI scanners incorporating enhanced gradient performance, advanced deep learning based image reconstruction and an 8Tx/16Rx torso array. Results: High image quality with an unprecedented spatial resolution and a sharpness obtained at 7T outperformed those obtained at 3T even when time-matched sequences were acquired. Impact: The preliminary data obtained from several volunteers provides a great encouragement to start clinical studies in prostate cancer patients.
Prediction of Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Prostate Cancer using multiparametric MRI-Based Radiomics Mode
Authors: Ma Jiangqin , He Xiaojing , Liu Yunfan , Qiao Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhonglin , Zhang Xiaoyong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Tumor stroma is considered one of the key participants in prostate cancer development, progression, and even treatment resistance as an independent predictor, is associated with aggressiveness in a variety of malignancies. Goal(s): We would like to apply the value of stroma cells in clinical practice for assessing the aggressiveness of PCa. Approach: Five multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp- MRI) radiomics feature-based machine learning models were developed and assessed to predict the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) of PCa. Results: The developed Multi-Layer Perception model showed excellent performance at predictive the TSR in prostate cancer with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.860. Impact: This study constructed a mp-MRI-based radiomics model which is capable of accurately predicting the TSR of PCa and may serve as a complementary tool for assisting in risk stratification and guiding treatment decisions.
Assessment of Functional Liver Reserve Based on Gd-EOB-DTPA Enhanced MRI Radiomics and Delta Radiomics
Authors: Li Yangyang , Tan Yan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The current indocyanine green clearance test is not yet widespread. Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI imaging can assess the overall liver function, but it is challenging to quantitatively and accurately evaluate it. Goal(s): Our goal is to assess the ability of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI radiomics and Delta radiomics for predicting functional liver reserve. Approach: We obtained MRI images from 117 patients, trained models on 70% of them, and tested models on the remaining patients. Results: The prediction models based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI radiomics and Delta radiomics are effective diagnostic tools for the quantitative assessment of functional liver reserve. Impact: Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI radiomics and Delta radiomics models can quantitatively assess functional liver reserve, aiding clinicians in selecting the right treatment, monitoring treatment progress, and predicting patient survival.
Preoperative prediction of IDH1-mutation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and MRI-derived habitats
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqi , Chen Meicheng , Xu Danyang , Feng Shi-Ting
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is an important therapeutic target for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Goal(s): To achieve non-invasive prediction of IDH1 mutation in ICC to assist in clinical management. Approach: Preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI features and clinical information were retrospectively collected. Habitat analysis was performed based on pre- and post-enhancement T1 maps. Nomogram prediction model was established based on filtered variables. Results: Higher serum AFP level, higher T1 change ratio, more frequent intratumoral vessel and T2 central brightness, and habitat 5 are risk factors for IDH1-mutated ICC. The combined nomogram model demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance over the clinilal+imaging model and the habitat model. Impact: The proposed strategy, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T1–based habitat imaging, can be applied for preoperatively and noninvasively identifying IDH1-mutation status in ICC, which offers potential benefits in terms to aid in clinical management.
3D deep-learning image reconstruction for fast spin-echo triple-echo Dixon images acquired with flexible echo-spacing (FTED-Flex)
Authors: Son Jong Bum , Le-Petross Huong , Rauch David , Xu Zhan , Moseley Tanya , Adrada Beatriz , Ma Jingfei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The fast spin-echo triple-echo Dixon images acquired with flexible echo-spacing (FTED-Flex) can be used to generate separated water and fat images with enhanced T2-weighted contrast. However, their performance and clinical applications are limited by its long image reconstruction time. Goal(s): Our goal is to develop a fast and accurate FTED-Flex image reconstruction method. Approach: The time-consuming phase estimation was replaced by a 3D deep-learning neural network. Results: The FTED-Flex integrated with a 3D deep-learning network was highly accurate (average Dice coefficient in volume-of-interest=0.989) and reduced the processing time for phase-estimation to a few seconds, compared to tens of minutes by conventional methods. Impact: The developed FTED-Flex integrated with a 3D deep-learning network is highly accurate and reduces the processing time for phase-estimation to a few seconds, thus it has a great potential to expand clinical applications of FTED-Flex imaging.
Identifying IDH Mutation Status in Gliomas Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Explainable AI
Authors: Azamat Sena , Danyeli Ayça Ersen , Ozcan Alpay , Pamir M.Necmettin , Dinçer Alp , Ozduman Koray , Ozturk-Isik Esin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: There is a need for preoperative identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in gliomas, currently reliant on invasive procedures. Goal(s): Identify IDH mutation status using susceptibility weighted MRI (SWI) and explainable artificial intelligence. Approach: The SWI signal drop areas within the tumor region were compared between 98 IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) and 91 IDH wild-type (IDH-wt) gliomas using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gradient-weighted class activation map (Grad-CAM). Results: IDH-wt gliomas had larger SWI signal drop areas than IDH-mut. CNN resulted in an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84±0.05 for classification, and Grad-CAM highlighted the signal dropout areas. Impact: IDH-wt gliomas had higher neovascularization on SWI than IDH-mut gliomas, potentially linked to their more aggressive nature. Grad-CAM highlighted dark areas on SWI, and a CNN architecture classified the IDH mutational subgroups with an AUC of 0.84.
3D Slip Interface Imaging on the basis of magnetic resonance elastography can preoperatively cauge the degree of meningioma–brain adhesion
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Bai Shengjun , Cheng Wen , Yin Ziying , Zheng Keni , Shi Yu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The adhesion of brain tumor to brain tissue is very important to evaluate the surgical risk and prognosis of patientsGoal(s): To investigate the ability of slip interface imaging (SII), based on a recently developed technique-magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), to predict the degree of meningioma–brain adhesionApproach: slip interface imaging (SII), based on a recently developed technique-magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)Results: SII agreed with the intraoperative assessment of the degree of tumor adhesion (medium agreement, k=0.688, 95% CI: 0.15-1)Impact: Preoperative non-invasive evaluation of brain tumors and the degree of adhesion around the guidance of the surgeon to assess the risk of surgery and selection of surgical methods
Reduction of the RF-Induced Heating for the Partially-In and Partially-Out Medical Electrodes at 1.5T MRI
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Guo Ran , Akter Mir Khadiza , Zheng Jianfeng , Jeong Hongbae , Kumar Ananda , Chen Ji
Published: November 2024

Motivation: RF-induced heating for the partially-in and partially-out (PIPO) medical implants is the primary concern for patient’s safety under MRI. Goal(s): Winding the external portion of the PIPO medical electrodes is proposed to reduce the RF heating under 1.5T MRI. Approach: One commercial PIPO medical electrode and an insulated solid wire were used to demonstrate this concept. RF heating is measured inside the ASTM phantom under a 1.5T RF birdcage coil and evaluated from the in-vivo simulations using the transfer function (TF) approach. Results: The results showed a significant reduction of RF heating in the commercial lead and simplified wire. Impact: The proposed method can reduce RF-induced heating significantly, mitigating the risk of tissue damage and improving the quality of care for patients with partially-in and partially-out (PIPO) medical devices under 1.5T MRI.
Can B1+RMS help prevent overly restrictive MR Conditional labels for medical devices that are currently based on SAR?
Authors: Baker Grant , Gross David
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The primary RF exposure metric used for MR Conditional labeling of medical devices is whole-body(wb) average SAR, which is typically overestimated by MRI scanners, leading to potentially overly restrictive labels. Goal(s): The purpose of this study was to determine if B1+RMS as an RF exposure limit can help prevent overly restrictive MR Conditional labels. Approach: In-vivo RF-induced heating simulations in a 0.55 T MRI scanner were performed to compare potential labeling at the scanner-reported B1+RMS and wbSAR with the driving voltage maximized. Results: Results depicted a 7-13x decrease in maximum temperature rise when the RF exposure is limited by B1+RMS instead of wbSAR. Impact: The use of B1+RMS to limit RF exposure instead of SAR has significant potential to prevent unnecessarily restrictive MR Conditional labels for medical devices, especially in lower magnetic field strength MRI systems that are incapable of achieving high SAR levels.
An Inpainting-based Method for MRI Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Wang Long , Xiang Lei , Chamberlain Ryan , Gong Enhao , Wei XiaoEr , Song Xinyu , Li Yuehua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The existing deep learning-based MRI sequence synthesis methods are prone to obscure or simulate pathology. Goal(s): To develop an inpainting-based image synthesis network (IBSNet) for MRI sequence high-fidelity synthesis. Approach: We designed a dual-branch structure to focus on global and local information extraction. Moreover, a joint loss is proposed to constrain the network from signal intensity, structural similarity, and edge preservation. An attention module is used to refine the intermediate feature maps from both the channel and spatial dimensions. Results: The results show that our method outperforms other methods based on the encoder-decoder network, generative adversarial network (GAN), and diffusion model. Impact: Our proposed inpainting-based image synthesis network can generate the target sequence from existing sequences, which can reduce the scanning time of MRIs and improve the patient experience.
CloudBrain-MRS: An Artificial Intelligence Cloud Computing Platform for MRS Processing
Authors: Tu Zhangren , Chen Xiaodie , Li Jiayu , Zhou Yirong , Chen Dichen , Gong Tao , Ou-yang Lin , Guo Di , Qu Xiaobo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for disease diagnosis, but one of its limitations is the lack of user-friendly processing software or platforms. Goal(s): Developing an integrated platform that is easy to use, provides powerful hardware, and incorporates advanced processing algorithms. Approach: CloudBrain-MRS is a cloud-based online platform that has been developed. The platform can be accessed through a web browser without requiring any program installation on the user's side, and it integrates advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. Results: The platform supports: 1): Automatic statistical analysis to find biomarkers for diseases;2) Consistency verification between classic and artificial intelligence quantification algorithms; 3)Visualize results. Impact: This is the first user-friendly cloud computing platform for in vivo MRS with an artificial intelligence processing. The biomedical researchers can do clinical research effectively, and it greatly reduces the requirements for the technical skill of users.
Evaluating the potential of SWI-EPI MRI towards Glioma grading
Authors: Maurya Satyajit , Gupta Rakesh , Singh Anup
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Echo planar based SWI (SWI-EPI) can provide better contrast of vasculature and higher spatial resolution compared to SWI and at shorter acquisition time. However, its potential in glioma grading has not been explored well. Goal(s): To evaluate the potential of SWI-EPI for automatic segmentation and quantification of tumor vasculature for glioma grading. Approach: Tumor vasculature for both SWI and SWI-EPI images were segmented and quantified. T-test and ROC curve analysis was used to determine statistical significance and grading accuracy. Results: Tumor vasculature features automatically computed from SWI-EPI provided improved glioma grading accuracy compared to conventional SWI based features. Impact: SWI-EPI offers advantages over SWI images in terms of image resolution and shorter acquistion time. It was found to have improved glioma grading accuracy and has the potential to be used as a routine imaging sequence in clinical settings.
Anatomical subcortical estimates are highly consistent over time but significantly different for midlife adults compared to older adults
Authors: Jiang Guocheng , Swardfager Walter , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Black Sandra , MacIntosh Bradley
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Longitudinal MRI is used to quantify brain atrophy over time, yet more work is needed to understand factors that contribute these trajectories. Goal(s): To use repeat anatomical MRI to predict subcortical volume changes at follow-up and test whether these data are more consistent in midlife adults than older adults. Approach: We estimated subcortical MRI volumes in 100 midlife and 132 older adults and compared consistency between the two groups. Results: We found strong associations between initial and repeat MRI. The midlife group showed higher consistency in subcortical volume estimates than the older group. Impact: We demonstrated that we could use baseline MRI estimates to predict subcortical anatomical change over 2.3 years within UK Biobank midlife and older populations, while the older adults showed lower consistency in MRI anatomical estimates than midlife adults.
Metabolic and vascular aspects of the ageing brain correlated with age, gender, lifestyle and intelligence
Authors: Oros-Peusquens Ana-Maria , Cho Junghun , Hau Luis , Boers Frank , Bittner Nora , Caspers Svenja , Wang Yi , Shah N. Jon
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Metabolic aspects of brain ageing and normal functioning in the elderly, especially gender-specific, are still insufficiently understood. Lifestyle influences are thought important, but proper quantification of their effect is pending. Goal(s): To investigate correlations between metabolic function, age and lifestyle. Approach: Brain oxygen metabolism reflected by CMRO2 and OEF as well as circulatory aspects (CBF and venous blood fraction) are measured by MRI in an elderly cohort characterised by lifestyle and IQ information. Results: Gender-specific correlations between metabolism/circulation and age, lifestyle and IQ are found. Their differences suggest different adaptation mechanisms of men and women to the challenges of ageing. Impact: Metabolic and circulatory parameters of the ageing brain show correlations with gender and lifestyle, besides age. Gender differences, strongest in OEF, are attributed to effects of menopause and different adaptation mechanisms. We find correlations of IQ with metabolism and circulation.
Translating a Non-invasive Hybrid PET/MR Method of Imaging Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism to Humans
Authors: Deller Graham , Liu Linshan , Hicks Justin , Narciso Lucas , Wehrli Felix , Lawrence Keith St.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To develop a non-invasive method of imaging CMRO2 by hybrid PET/MRI. Goal(s): Translate a previously validated PET/MR technique capable of imaging CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 to human studies. Approach: Technique combines [15O]O2-PET with MRI measurements of whole-brain CMRO2 and arterial spin labeling images of CBF. Results: Good agreement to literature regional CMRO2 values. Impact: Hybrid PET/MRI can simplify the PET-only technique of measuring regional CMRO2 by avoiding arterial sampling and only requiring one radiotracer, which reduces scan time and radiation dose, while enabling simultaneous acquisition of perfusion and tissue oxygen extraction.
An Additional Gradient Axis Integrated into a Whole-Body Bore Coil for Prospective Silent MRI with Ultrasonic-encoding
Authors: McGrory Michael , Versteeg Edwin , Sbrizzi Alessando , van den Berg Cornelis , Klomp Dennis , Siero Jeroen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To enable silent whole-body MRI using ultrasonic encoding, an additional low inductance gradient coil can be integrated between the RF-rods and RF-shield of a bore coil. However, the resulting effect on RF efficiency is unclear. Goal(s): To demonstrate the feasibility of placing a gradient coil under the RF-shield without affecting RF efficiency. Approach: A Maxwell gradient coil was integrated into a bore coil. We measured the gradient field and compared RF efficiency with and without the extra gradient. Results: A gradient field was successfully induced without greatly affecting RF efficiency. For efficiency validations, volunteer images were obtained with and without the integrated coil. Impact: Placing a low inductance gradient coil within the empty space in a bore coil allows an independent gradient axis to be driven at 20kHz. This may address high-voltage and PNS concerns when extending to whole-body silent MRI.
Head-Only Z-gradient Array Coil: Induced Electric Field Analysis of 2- and 3-layer Designs
Authors: Babaloo Reza , Atalar Ergin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High-performance gradient coils are markedly restricted by peripheral nerve stimulation rather than hardware limitations. Goal(s): We aimed to reduce the gradient-induced electric fields on the body and consequently increase peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds. Approach: We introduce a head-only Z-gradient array coil and optimize current weightings of the array configuration to minimize induced electric fields while generating the target gradient within a customizable region with flexible linearity levels. Results: Utilizing the array configuration reduces the maximum electric field up to 50%, 61%, and 78% compared to a conventional mode for a 22cm spherical region, the disk-shape region at the center, and off-center disks, respectively. Impact: Peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds of head gradient coils can be increased using array technology; thus, higher gradient strengths and slew rates can be achieved without causing PNS.
Rapid, accurate and precise T1 mapping in rat heart at 9.4 T MRI
Authors: Zhang Lili , Kim Haelin , Hauge-Iversen Ida Marie , Norden Einar S. , Sjaastad Ivar
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preclinical cardiac T1 mapping in high field encountered a great challenge, such as rapid heart rate, B0 and B1 inhomogeneity, which affects both accuracy and precision in T1. Goal(s): We aim to develop an accurate, fast and reproducible T1 mapping method at 9.4 T MRI. Approach: We adapted inversion efficiency (IE) to the segmented Look-locker sequence and validated it in a phantom, as well as in aorta banding rats. Results: Segmented Look-Locker T1 mapping with IE is a fast and accurate T1 mapping method, which corrects the imperfection of inversion pulse in high field. Impact: We have developed a rapid, highly precise T1 mapping technique for rat hearts using 9.4 T MRI, enabling longitudinal scans and comparisons between different animals.
Specific Absorption Rate Comparisons of Multiphoton Excitation, PINS and MultiPINS for Simultaneous Multislice Imaging
Authors: Ipek Tanya Deniz , Han Victor , Liu Chunlei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Elevated specific absorption rate (SAR) levels pose a significant challenge for simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging especially at high field strengths. Goal(s): Multiphoton excitation has recently been proposed for reduced-SAR SMS applications. We aim to evaluate the SAR benefit of multiphoton SMS imaging compared to PINS and MultiPINS. Approach: We show how pulse parameters affect the efficiencies of multiphoton SMS, PINS, and MultiPINS compared to conventional SMS through simple calculations and simulations. Additionally, we implement a multiphoton SMS spin-echo sequence in vivo at 3T. Results: Multiphoton SMS is more SAR-efficient than PINS and MultiPINS for short pulse durations and thin slices under slew-rate constraints. Impact: Multiphoton excitation makes short pulse durations and thin slices possible for SMS applications under SAR and slew-rate constraints. This subsequently enables the acquisition of high-quality imaging data for both scientific and medical purposes while reducing scan times.
Assessing Hepatic Metabolism in Patients with HCC Using 31P-MRS: Insights and Potential Clinical Utility
Authors: Li Jingzhe , Lin Huimin , Yan Fuhua , Yang Yuchen , Guo Yinghua , Wang Yiming , Zhang Zhongping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The clinical need for noninvasive tools to assess the metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which contributes to treatment guidance, therapy response assessment and prognostic prediction. This study aimed to investigate the value of phosphorus (31P)-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a supplementary metabolism-related alternative in clinic. Goal(s): The goal of this study was to evaluate the metabolism status of HCC, compared with healthy controls. Approach: Three HCC patients and three healthy volunteers were analyzed with a 3.0-T MRI scanner, using 31P MRS. Results: The study revealed an elevated phomonoester (PME) / phosphodiester (PDE) ratio in patients with HCC, suggesting potential metabolic changes in HCC. Impact: This study highlights the promising value of 31P MRS as a noninvasive alternative in patients with HCC. Elevated PME/PDE ratio offers valuable insights into hepatocellular carcinoma, enhancing the diagnostic and treatment strategies of HCC.
The mechanism of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in hemodialysis patients with insomnia: An fMRI study
Authors: Wen Ying , Deng Kan , Zhang Yue , Liu Bo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and auricular acupressure(AA) represent two promising auricular therapes for insomnia in china. However, to data the investiagation of the mechanism of taVNS compared with AA among maintenance hemodialysis with insomnia (MHDSD) cohort is lacking. Goal(s): This study investigates the neural mechanisms of taVNS for MHDSD by using fMRI technique. Approach: Using fMRI technique, we investigated the fMRI patterns across groups after treatment using a fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) approach. Results: The brain regions with interactive effects of fALFF between two groups mainly located in the right middle/suproccipital gyrus, left cuneus gyrus, and left cerebellar/lingual gyrus. Impact: With MRI techniques, our study for the first systematically shows that after 4 weeks of taVNS, patients with MHDSD have altered functional activity which mainly distributed in emotional and sensorimotor networks.
Abnormal pattern of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity in radiologists with night shift–related sleep deprivation
Authors: Jin DaYong , Liu Liyao , Qiao Yanqiang , Tian Juan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study aims to investigate the neuroimaging mechanisms underlying synergistic abnormalities in both hemispheres of the brain in radiologists who experienced sleep deprivation (SD) due to night shifts. Goal(s): To explore the interhemispheric information synergy ability of the brain in radiologists following night shift–related SD using the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Approach: This study involves calculating the VMHC values of the symmetrical interhemispheric voxels in the whole brain. Results: The VMHC values were found changed in certain brain regions after seven days of rest following a night shift. Impact: Changes in VMHC could potentially serve as a potential imaging marker to indicate the brain regions vulnerable to night-shift related damage in radiologists, as well as key brain region that affect work performance.
The effect of respiratory motion on in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in the human liver at 7 Tesla
Authors: Branderhorst Woutjan , Gosselink Mark , Gursan Ayhan , Klomp Dennis , Prompers Jeanine
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Prospective gating potentially reduces respiratory motion-induced degradation in 31P liver MRSI at the cost of increased acquisition time. This presents a difficult trade-off, since the protocols are already time-consuming while the effects of motion are yet unknown. Goal(s): To characterize spectral quality degrading effects of typical respiratory motion on human liver 31P MRSI data. Approach: We analyzed spectra obtained from free breathing human liver 31P MRSI scans to determine differences in spectral quality between uncorrected and prospectively gated acquisitions using a respiratory belt. Results: We found a significant difference in spectral line width between gated and non-gated acquisitions. Impact: Showing that respiratory motion induces significant degradation of the spectral quality in in vivo liver 31P MRSI acquisitions, this study justifies the application and further development of prospective gating, as well as other respiratory motion correction methods.