bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing breast cancer tumors using stacked ensemble model
Authors: Yurttakal Ahmet Haşim , Erbay Hasan , İkizceli Türkan , Karaçavuş Seyhan , Biçer Cenker
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that progresses from cells in the breast tissue among women. Early-stage detection could reduce death rates significantly, and the detection-stage determines the treatment process. Mammography is utilized to discover breast cancer at an early stage prior to any physical sign. However, mammography might return false-negative, in which case, if it is suspected that lesions might have cancer of chance greater than two percent, a biopsy is recommended. About 30 percent of biopsies result in malignancy that means the rate of unnecessary biopsies is high. So to reduce unnecessary biopsies, recently, due to its excellent capability in soft tissue imaging, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) has been utilized to detect breast cancer. Nowadays, DCE-MRI is a highly recommended method not only to identify breast cancer but also to monitor its development, and to interpret tumorous regions. However, in addition to being a time-consuming process, the accuracy depends on radiologists’ experience. Radiomic data, on the other hand, are used in medical imaging and have the potential to extract disease characteristics that can not be seen by the naked eye. Radiomics are hard-coded features and provide crucial information about the disease where it is imaged. Conversely, deep learning methods like convolutional neural networks(CNNs) learn features automatically from the dataset. Especially in medical imaging, CNNs’ performance is better than compared to hard-coded features-based methods. However, combining the power of these two types of features increases accuracy significantly, which is especially critical in medicine. Herein, a stacked ensemble of gradient boosting and deep learning models were developed to classify breast tumors using DCE-MRI images. The model makes use of radiomics acquired from pixel information in breast DCE-MRI images. Prior to train the model, radiomics had been applied to the factor analysis to refine the feature set and eliminate unuseful features. The performance metrics, as well as the comparisons to some well-known machine learning methods, state the ensemble model outperforms its counterparts. The ensembled model’s accuracy is 94.87% and its AUC value is 0.9728. The recall and precision are 1.0 and 0.9130, respectively, whereas F1-score is 0.9545.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of stroke in preterm infants: A systematic review
Authors: Roy B. , Walker K. , Morgan C. , Finch-Edmondson M. , Galea C. , Epi M. , Badawi N. , Novak I.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:

Perinatal stroke is one of the principal causes of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infants. Stroke in preterm infants is different from stroke in term infants, given the differences in brain maturation and the mechanisms of injury exclusive to the immature brain. We conducted a systematic review to explore the epidemiology and pathogenesis of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in preterm infants.

METHODS:

Studies were identified based on predefined study criteria from MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE electronic databases from 2000 –2019. Results were combined using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:

Fourteen studies encompassed 546 stroke cases in preterm infants between 23 –36 weeks gestational ages and birth weights between 450 –3500 grams. Eighty percent (436/546) of the stroke cases were PVHI, 17%(93/546) were PAIS and 3%(17/546) were CSVT. Parietal PVHI was more common than temporal and frontal lobe PVHI. For PAIS, left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was more common than right MCA or cerebellar stroke. For CSVT partial or complete thrombosis in the transverse sinus was universal. All cases included multiple possible risk factors, but the data were discordant precluding aggregation within a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSION:

This systematic review confirms paucity of data regarding the etiology and the precise causal pathway of stroke in preterm infants. Moreover, the preterm infants unlike the term infants do not typically present with seizures. Hence high index of clinical suspicion and routine cUS will assist in the timely diagnosis and understanding of stroke in this population.
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through infant feeding and early care practices: A systematic review
Authors: Kollikonda S. , Chavan M. , Cao C. , Yao M. , Hackett L. , Karnati S.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Perinatal practices such as breast-feeding, kangaroo mother care, rooming-in, and delayed cord clamping have varied by institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this systematic review was to examine the success of different practices in preventing viral transmission between SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies involving pregnant or breastfeeding patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were included. Infants tested within 48 hours of birth who had two tests before hospital discharge were included. Infants older than one week with a single test were also included. RESULTS: Twenty eight studies were included. In the aggregated data, among 190 breastfeeding infants, 22 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (11.5%), while 4 of 152 (2.63%) among bottle-fed (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.0006). The positivity rates for roomed in infants (20/103, 19.4%) were significantly higher than those isolated (5/300, 1.67%) (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in positivity rate among infants who received kangaroo care (25%vs 9%, p = 0.2170), or delayed cord clamping (3.62%vs 0.9%, p = 0.1116). CONCLUSIONS: Lack of robust studies involving large patient population does not allow meaningful conclusions from this systematic review. Aggregated data showed increased positivity rates of SARS-CoV-2 among infants who were breast fed and roomed-in. There were no differences in SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in infants received skin to skin care or delayed cord clamping.
Variations in the sagittal plane precede the development of scoliosis: a proof of concept
Authors: de Reuver S , Homans JF , Schlosser TPC , Pasha S , Kruyt MC , Castelein RM
Published: June 2021

Idiopathic scoliosis in man is believed to be related to the unique human sagittal profile. Patients with a thoracic scoliosis have a longer, more proximal, posteriorly inclined segment of the spine as compared to lumbar scoliosis and controls, whereas patients with a lumbar scoliosis have a more caudal, shorter and steeper posteriorly inclined segment. In 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, half of the patients develop a scoliosis that is very similar to idiopathic scoliosis and may serve as a model for the general population. In our center, all patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome older than 6 years receive standardized radiographic spine imaging every 2 years to screen for scoliosis. In this prospective proof-of-principle study the goal was to determine whether there are differences in sagittal alignment between patients that develop scoliosis vs. controls before the onset of scoliosis, and obtain data to perform a power calculation for future studies. To capture the sagittal shape of the spine into one risk factor for development for scoliosis, we combined relative length and magnitude of dorsal inclination into a new parameter: the posterior inclined triangle surface (PITS). We included 31 patients with initially straight spines, five developed a thoracic scoliosis and seven developed a (thoraco)lumbar scoliosis after a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. The PITS was considerably higher in the group that developed scoliosis as compared to the controls (59 vs 43). Based on this pilot study, we have identified a potential overall sagittal profile risk parameter for the development of idiopathic scoliosis.
A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation
Authors: Lam TP , Yang G , Pang H , Yip BHK , Lee WYW , Hung ALH , Tang NLS , To KKW , Qiu Y , Cheng JCY
Published: June 2021

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with osteopenia which could persist into adulthood affecting attainment of Peak Bone Mass thus resulting in osteoporosis in late adulthood. We previously reported a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial(the Cal study) showing significant bone health improvement with 2-year calcium(Ca)+Vit-D supplementation for AIS girls. This study addressed the important issue whether bone health improvement from the initial 2-year Ca+Vit-D supplementation could persist as subjects approached towards Peak Bone Mass at 6-year ie after 4-year of supplement discontinuation. This was an extension of the Cal study on AIS girls (11–14 years old, mean age=12.9 years, Tanner stage<IV) with femoral neck aBMD Z-score<0 and Cobb angle≥15∘. 330 subjects were randomized to Group1(placebo), Group2(600mgCa+400-IU-Vit-D3/day) or Group3(600mgCa+800-IU-Vit-D3/day) for 2-year supplementation after which supplementation was stopped. Investigations at baseline, 2-year and 6-year included High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography(HR-pQCT) at distal radius and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) at both hips. 270(81.8%) subjects completed 2-year supplementation when changes in left femoral neck aBMD, trabecular vBMD, Trabecular BV/TV, Trabecular Number and Trabecular Separation indicated significant bone health improvement with Ca+Vit-D supplementation(p<0.05). At 6-year(mean age=19.2 years), no between-group difference on bone parameters was noted except increase in Cortical Thickness being greater only in Group3 than in Group1. After 4-year supplement discontinuation, the treatment effect from the initial 2-year supplementation mostly dissipated indicating the need of continued supplementation in AIS girls to sustain therapeutic improvement on bone health as subjects approach towards Peak Bone Mass.
Validation of a novel handheld 3D ultrasound system for imaging scoliosis – phantom study
Authors: Lou E , Nguyen D , Hill D , Raso J
Published: June 2021

Use of 3D ultrasound (US) scanners to detect and monitor scoliosis have been validated. The Cobb angle, axial vertebral rotation, spinal flexibility, curvatures in the sagittal profile and the Cobb angle on the plane of maximum curvature (PMC) can be measured from coronal, transverse and sagittal planes of ultrasound images. However, traditional 3D ultrasound scanners are relatively bulky and expensive. 2D US handheld and low-cost scanners are widely available. To adapt the 2D scanners for scoliosis applications, a position and orientation system is integrated with the scanner. The objective of this study was to validate a newly developed 3D handheld US system to image the spine. The wireless handheld US scanner (C3-HD, Clarius, Canada) was selected because of its high resolution and availability of raw data. A wireless tracking system based on electromagnetic (G4 system, Polhemus, USA) was integrated with the Clarius ultrasound. During scanning, the ultrasound information was synchronized with the scanner’s position and orientation by using custom developed software. Both information were streamed wirelessly to a laptop. Custom software reconstructed and displayed the 3D spinal image in real-time. A single 3D printed vertebra, two full plastic spine phantoms from T1-T12 vertebrae and a non-scoliotic volunteer were scanned. The 3D reconstruction process of a spine image was less than 3 seconds. The dimensional and the angle errors were 1 mm and 3°, respectively. This study demonstrated that a low-cost ($11,000 USD) handheld 3D ultrasound system was developed and validated. Clinical trials on subjects attending will be the next step.
Using ultrasound for screening scoliosis to reduce unnecessary radiographic radiation – a prospective diagnostic accuracy study on 442 schoolchildren
Authors: Pang H , Wong YS , Yip BHK , Hung ALH , Chu WCW , Lai KKL , Zheng YP , Chung TWH , Sharma G , Cheng JCY , Lam TP
Published: June 2021

Scoliosis screening is important for timely initiation of brace treatment to mitigate curve progression in skeletally immature children. Scoliosis screening programs frequently include the protocol of referring children screened positive with Scoliometer and Moiré Topography for confirmatory standard radiography. Despite being highly sensitive (88%) for detecting those who require specialist referral, the screening program was found to have more than 50% false positive rate that leads to unnecessary radiation exposure. Radiation-free ultrasound has been reported to be reliable for quantitative assessment of scoliosis curves. The aim of this prospective diagnostic accuracy study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the referral status for children initially screened positive for scoliosis. 442 schoolchildren with a mean Cobb angle of 14.0 ± 6.6° were recruited. Using x-ray as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in predicting the correct referral status were 92.3% and 51.6% respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.735 for ultrasound alone and 0.832 for ultrasound plus scoliometer measurement. The finding provided strong evidences on the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the referral status that could result in more than 50% reduction of unnecessary radiation exposure for children undergoing scoliosis screening.
The effect of scoliosis support orthosis bracing on adult spinal deformity patients: evaluation of gait and dynamic balance
Authors: Haddas R , Satin A , Mar D , Lieberman I , Block A , Belanger T , Kayanja M , Kakar RS
Published: June 2021

Non-operative treatment is regarded as the first-line therapy for patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) without neurologic deficits or significant impairment. While there is high-level evidence supporting the use of rigid bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is a paucity of literature pertaining to the use of scoliosis support orthosis (SSO) in ASD patients. To investigate the impact of an SSO on pain, gait parameters, and functional balance measures in symptomatic ASD patients. Thirty ASD patients (26 Females, Age: 72.7, Cobb Angle: 47.1°) were evaluated on 3 different occasions: first day of bracing: baseline (Pre), and 45-min post fitting (Post45m), and after 8-weeks of bracing for 4 hours a day (Post8w). Each patient performed a 6-minute walk (over-ground gait), a dynamic balance test, and completed VAS, ODI, and SRS22r. Significant short- and long-term improvements using SSO were found in the 6-minute walk (Pre: 278.6; Post45m: 322.2; Post8w: 338.8 m, p<0.001), walking speed (Pre: 0.88; Post45m: 0.97; Post8w: 0.97 m/s, p<0.001), head total sway distance during the balance test (Pre: 81.33; Post45m: 68.63; Post8w: 60.72 cm, p=0.048), low-back pain (VAS: Pre: 5.5; Post45m: 3.5; Post8w: 3.3, p<0.001), and for the ODI (Pre: 41.9; Post45m: 32.9; Post8w: 30.1, p=0.005).This study demonstrated clinically significant improvements in PROMs, spatiotemporal gait measures, and functional balance measures after continuous use of a SSO. These improvements were observed immediately following brace-fitting and maintained at an 8-week follow-up. Given these results, it is reasonable to consider a SSO for conservative management of patients with mild symptoms of pain and deformity, and who have not yet progressed to meet surgical indications.
Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated outcomes in pediatric patients with scoliosis undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion or spine growth modulation – a retrospective review
Authors: Karls CA , Duey-Holtz A , Lampone OA , Dopp A , Tolo H , Tassone JC , Liu XC , Visotcky A , Goday PS
Published: June 2021

Recent attention within pediatric orthopedics focuses on the prevalence and prevention of post-operative complications, including surgical site infections (SSIs). While poor nutrition status has been noted as a risk factor, various definitions have been utilized. The aim of this retrospective chart review was to utilize the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) diagnostic criteria to determine both the prevalence of malnutrition in pediatric patients undergoing spine deformity surgery and its influence on the prevalence of post-operative complications. A total of 2603 patients had a spine procedure between 2012 and 2018. Patients were excluded if they were less than 2 years of age or greater than 18 years of age and/or did not have their spine procedure completed at Children’s Wisconsin. Patients who met inclusion criteria and had an irrigation and debridement (I&D) were selected for an I&D group. From the remaining charts, 127 patients were randomly selected for the non-I&D group. Patients in both groups were further divided into well-nourished and malnourished groups. T-tests and chi square tests were used to determine statistical significance. We found that 50% of patients who had an I&D had malnutrition during their clinical course. This is compared with 17% of patients who didn’t require an I&D. Additionally, patients requiring multiple surgical interventions, had an increased prevalence of malnutrition. With the recent focus on reducing the prevalence of post-operative complications, the identification and treatment of malnutrition may be helpful in reducing post-operative complications.
Predicting breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using ensemble deep transfer learning based on CT images
Authors: Rezaeijo Seyed Masoud , Ghorvei Mohammadreza , Mofid Bahram
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To develop an ensemble a deep transfer learning model of CT images for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS: The data were obtained from the public dataset ‘QIN-Breast’ from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). CT images were gathered before and after the first cycle of NAC. CT images of 121 breast cancer patients were used to train and test the model. Among these patients, 58 achieved a pCR and 63 showed a non-pCR based pathology examination of surgical results after NAC. The dataset was split into training and testing subsets with a ratio of 7:3. In addition, the number of training samples in the dataset was increased from 656 to 1,968 by performing an image augmentation method. Two deep transfer learning models namely, DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2, and the ensemble model with a concatenation of two models, were trained and tested using CT images. RESULTS: The ensemble model obtained the highest accuracy of 100% on the testing dataset. Furthermore, we received the best performance of 100% in recall, precision and f1-score value for the ensemble model. This supports the fact that the ensemble model results in better-generalized model and leads to efficient framework. Although a 0.004 and 0.003 difference were seen between the AUC of two base models (DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2) and the proposed ensemble, this increase in the model quality is critical in medical research. T-SNE revealed that in the proposed ensemble, no points were clustered into the wrong class. These results expose the strong performance of the proposed ensemble. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the ensemble model can increase the ability to predict breast cancer response to first-cycle NAC than two DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2 models.
Education and Socio-political Change in the 11th and 12th Centuries Abbasid Realm
Authors: Alatas Alwi
Published: June 2021

Education is an important instrument of change; though the process is usually very slow - very different from revolution - and its broad impact cannot easily and clearly observed. Good and balanced education will expectedly have a good impact on society, economy and politics; while, bad policy and culture of education will accordingly have the opposite effect. This article analyses the change in religious education in the Abbasid realm in the 11th and 12th centuries and its relation with the socio-political change in the region. This study finds that those changes were approximately concurrent and suggests mutual influence between them. For deeper analysis, this study uses the concept of education proposed by Syed Muhammad Naquib (SMN) al-Attas.
Flexibility in the Implementation of Islamic Criminal Law in Modern Islamic Society in the Light of Qur’ān and Sunnah
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Khubaib Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Islam holds the balance of justice in the right manner and insists on examining all the conditions and circumstances associated with the offence because Islam is the most natural way of life on account of its suitability, sustainability and flexibility towards human nature. No other legal system in the world has been created for the public interest, the way the Islamic law has been created. This paper focuses upon the flexibility in the implementation of Islamic criminal law (Hudood) in modern society. Islam has made laws that aim to eliminate the causes of crime and not to antagonize the criminal. Sharia imposes preventive punishments which may appear cruel or rough if gazed at without proper consideration. But if contemplated closely, Islam does not execute such punishments unless it discovers that the crime was not justifiable or that the criminal was not acting under any obligation or certain circumstances. The Holy Prophet (SAW) was very careful in the establishment of Hudood because not all crimes were of the same nature and therefore, the same punishments could not be enforced for them. Hence, while applying punishments to crimes; the Holy Prophet (SAW) took into consideration the nationality, personal situations, financial stature and status of the criminal. Thus the Hudood of Allah would be established and the criminal would still have a path to correct him/her and seek forgiveness.
Desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo de desempeño de negocios para microemprendedoras: El caso de Chile
Authors: Irribarren-Alcaíno Luis , Traverso-Cortés Joaquín , Román-Onsalo Marisa
Published: June 2021

En las últimas décadas, las mujeres han asumido un rol significativo en la creación de empresas y en el desarrollo económico. Todo esto, gracias al cambio global no solo en lo geopolítico, sino también en la política económica y social de un importante número de países en todo el mundo. Así, como propietarias de pequeños negocios, contribuyen al desarrollo en países emergentes, como es el caso de Chile. El emprendimiento se ha postulado como una de las principales vías para que las mujeres logren mejorar su nivel económico y social, ya que les permitiría una situación de desigualdad y discriminación difícil de remontar. Este trabajo busca ser un aporte desde una revisión acuciosa de la literatura sobre emprendimiento y desempeño de pequeños negocios de propiedad de mujeres, considerando aquellos factores que inciden en su desarrollo, tomando, como base, los modelos precedentes y teniendo en consideración la realidad chilena. Además, este estudio busca ser una aproximación teórica-práctica aplicada a un país en desarrollo, ya que revela la influencia de aquellos elementos clave para el desarrollo de emprendimientos, como experiencias previas de emprendimiento, conocimiento, redes, la cantidad de horas de dedicación, el sector de actividad y la participación de la familia en el financiamiento del negocio. En este sentido, los resultados del modelo aplicado a Chile muestran un perfil de las mujeres emprendedoras con carencias en el nivel de formación, en experiencia y en pertenencia a redes, cuya principal motivación para emprender es la “necesidad”, con el objetivo principal de “mejorar su calidad de vida”.
Significance of BRAFV600E mutation in intra-axial brain tumor in Malaysian patients: case series and literature review
Authors: Mohamed Yusoff A.A. , Abd Radzak S.M. , Mohd Khair S.Z.N. , Abdullah J.M.
Published: June 2021

Summary. Background: To date, BRAF mutations in brain tumor patients have not been characterized in the Malaysian population. Based on the numerous reported studies, there are main mutations that exist in BRAF gene in various types of cancers. A missense mutation in codon 600 of the BRAF nuclear oncogene (BRAFV600E) is the most prevalent hotspot point mutation that has been identified in multiple human malignancies. Aim: We here aimed to find out the frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in a series of Malaysian patients with brain tumors and if any association exists between BRAFV600E mutation and clinicopathological features of patients. Material and Methods: Fresh frozen tumor tissue samples from 50 Malaysian brain tumor patients were analyzed for BRAFV600E mutational status, and its correlation with clinicopathological features (including age, gender, and tumor localization such as intra-axial: within the brain substance or extra-axial: outside the brain substance) was examined. Results: The overall BRAFV600E mutation frequency was determined to be 22% (in 11 of 50 patients). BRAFV600E was significantly correlated with the tumor location group, which shows BRAFV600E was more frequent in the intra-axial tumor than the extra-axial tumor group. In this study, we also observed that male patients were slightly more susceptible to BRAFV600E mutation, and this mutation was predominant in patients of the age group < 40 years. However, these parameters did not translate to statistical significance. Conclusion: The data demonstrate that BRAFV600E mutation is observed significantly more often in intra-axial brain tumor patients, which can serve as baseline information for further research on genetic alteration that occurs during brain tumor progression in the Malaysian population.
Co-administration of apigenin with doxorubicin enhances anti-migration and antiproliferative effects via PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ayyildiz A. , Koc H. , Turkekul K. , Erdogan S.
Published: June 2021

Summary. Prostate cancer is one of the leading cancers in men, and new approaches are needed for its treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of naturally occurring flavone apigenin and doxorubicin to androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. Methods: The effect of the treatment on survival and migration of human PC3 cells was evaluated by MTT and scratch assay, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by image-based cytometry. mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Results: Apigenin and doxorubicin dose-dependently inhibited cell survival, and co-administration of both agents significantly induced cell death via upregulating the mRNA expression of caspases, Bax and cytochrome c, and downregulating Bcl-XL. Combination therapy caused cell cycle arrest by upregulating the expression of p21 and p27. The treatment modality inhibited cell migration via downregulating Snail, Twist and MMPs in which doxorubicin was ineffective. Apigenin dephosphorylated Akt strongly, significantly suppressed ERK phosphorylation, and increased PTEN expression 4.5-fold. The combination of apigenin and doxorubicin inhibited PI3K and AKT phosphorylation more strongly than a single administration. Conclusions: Our data indicate that a combination of the natural flavone apigenin with doxorubicin might have a potential in treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Study of modifying effects of astaxanthin on cytogenetic manifestations of bystander response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Pilinska M.A. , Shemetun O.V. , Talan O.О. , Dibska O.B. , Talko V.V.
Published: June 2021

Summary. Aim: To study the possible impact of astaxanthin on the cytogenetic manifestations of the simultaneous development of radiation-induced (RIBE) and tumor-induced bystander effect (TIBE) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy persons and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were cultured separately or cocultured with or without previous irradiation in vitro by 137Cs at a dose of 0.5 Gy. The cells were cultured with and without 20 μg/ml astaxanthin. Results: In the presence of astaxanthin, the decrease of chromosomal instability both in the variant with separate TIBE and with simultaneous development of TIBE and RIBE was observed as the reduction in the frequency of simple chromosome-type aberrations, namely, double fragments. The average level of chromatid-type aberrations did not change under the action of astaxanthin. Although the total chromosome instability in bystander cells diminished, this did not lead to the elimination of the RIBE and TIBE development in the presence of astaxanthin. Conclusion: In the setting of experiment, astaxanthin did not reduce the frequency of chromatid-type aberrations in bystander cells due to RIBE and TIBE but reduced the frequency of simple aberrations of chromosomal type, not associated with the development of bystander response phenomenon.
5-FU resistant colorectal cancer cells possess improved invasiveness and βIII-tubulin expression
Authors: Akalovich S. , Portyanko A. , Pundik A. , Mezheyeuski A. , Doroshenko T.
Published: June 2021

Summary. Background: Elevated βIII-tubulin levels are associated with resistance to a broad spectrum of drugs in different carcinomas and with poor prognosis of various epithelial cancers. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used standard drug in chemotherapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer treatment, although the resistance to 5-FU is a major obstacle to successful therapy. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the invasive and adhesion properties and the expression levels of βIII-tubulin in a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCT116 and parental cells. Materials and Methods: The 5-FU-resistant cell line was established by continuous stepwise selection with increasing concentrations of 5-FU. Cell viability and properties were evaluated using MTT, adhesion and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The expression of βIII-tubulin was revealed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Results: The derivative line is 25-fold more resistant to 5-FU and characterized by altered cell morphology. Twice as many cells of the 5-FU-resistant line fail to adhere as compared to the parental cell line. 5-FU-resistant cells are characterized by enhanced invasiveness, accompanied with the increased βIII-tubulin expression. In addition, we found that loss of βIII-tubulin expression was correlated with loss of 5-FU resistance. Conclusion: Our results indicate that even though 5-FU does not target microtubules, there appears to be a correlation between βIII-tubulin expression and resistance to 5-FU that is particularly important with regard to invasiveness. These findings indicate a possible contribution of βIII-tubulin to 5-FU resistance in vivo.
Maternal Death Cause by Antepartum Eclampsia, With HELPP Syndrome and AKI Stage III : A Preventable Recurrent Death
Authors: Yusrizal Ferry , Fitria Koeshardani  , Agustina H  , Zulkhair Ali  , Junaidi A
Published: June 2021

Background: Eclampsia and severe preeclampsia is of the most frequent cause of maternal death. We usually find the case like this in our daily practice. The case most likely could be prevented. Eclampsia defined as a generalized seizure following preeclampsia in pregnancy. Eclampsia/Preeclampsia (EPH-Gestosis) cause a multisystem dysfunction such as HELLP syndrome, microangiopathy hemolytic anemia, liver dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia. Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome lead to maternal mortality, which happened mostly during third trimester. Most of the patient came to the hospital in a bad condition where the multi organs failure were exist. EPH-Gestosis are due to maternal death in 43,75%. Even the case usually severe, it’s a preventable death. A proper strategy is needed to reduce or to avoid the maternal death.Objective: To analyse a maternal death with eclampsia and how to prevent this recurrent death.Case Report: A woman, 30 years old, G2P1A0 32 weeks pregnant not in labor with antepartum eclampsia was admitted to Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital (MHGH) Palembang, a referral case. Patient experienced generalized seizure six times before coming to MHGH which every seizure duration is less than five minutes and unconscious. On physical examination, patient was conscious, with blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg, pale, and cold extremities. By ultrasound examination, it showed 34 weeks pregnancy with single life fetus. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis (25.000/mm3), thrombocytopenia (58.000/mm3), hyperbilirubinemia, elevated SGOT and SGPT (1691 and 861 U/L), elevated creatinine serum (2,46 mg/dl), and elevated LDH (3629 U/L). The patient was treated based on the protocol for stabilization with intramuscular injection of MgSO4 40%, nifedipin 10 mg per oral, intravenous injection of dexamethasone 12 mg, and plan to terminate the pregnancy by caesarean procedure. The male baby was born, 2000 g weight and APGAR score 4/6/8. After the cesarean the consciousness not so well. Collaborating therapy to handle the case, with the anesthesiologist, internist and neurologist. Maternal death occurred in 3 days hospitalized …caused by multi organ failure (MOF). Conclusion: The maternal death caused by antepartum eclampsia and the complication. The diagnosis of antepartum eclampsia and HELLP syndrome was decided based on history taking, physical examination, and supporting examination. Multiple organ failure exist in this case when the patient came to MHGH. Patient already treated and tried to overcome the complication but maternal death still occurred. This maternal death has a likely same story of previous death pattern. It is needed a strategy to prevent or to reduce the maternal death and how to make a good effort to cease the case become severe or worst.
TEATRO POSDRAMÁTICO EN TIEMPOS DE CRISIS: TRES EJEMPLOS DE TEATRO DOCUMENTO Y TEATRO DE CREACIÓN
Authors:   Universidad Abierta de Chipre, Guini Eleni
Published: June 2021

En el período que nos ocupa —desde 2010 hasta la actuali-dad— caracterizado como una época de crisis que todavía no ha aca-bado, debemos reflexionar sobre cómo se involucra el teatro en la crisis y actúa en paralelo, al emitir juicios, plantear preguntas y mantener un diálogo con la sociedad. El presente ensayo analiza tres creaciones tea-trales que presentan su trabajo en la escena griega y europea y que han obtenido un notable éxito. La elección del dúo de directores Azás -Tsini-coris, el grupo Station Athens de Marcopulu y el grupo Blitz, respondió a dos consideraciones: por un lado, su temática, que expone puntos co-munes como la emigración, la xenofobia, la violencia y la melancolía pro-vocada por la resistencia a un mundo cruel, y, por otro lado, sus textos, que proceden de la ficción y el documental, y que son fruto de la labor común de todo el grupo. La intertextualidad, la alegoría y el realismo del formato como documento, componen representaciones vertebradas, road movies sin desplazamiento, relatos tragicómicos de la violencia de los siglos XX y XXI, versiones de canciones con guiños bien reconocibles a la coyuntura de crisis actual. Actores amateurs y profesionales, inmi-grantes, ciudadanos de la calle, directores que cuentan con la tecnología como coprotagonista, transforman experiencias e ideas en un fecundo género metateatral.
COVID-451, DE SERGIO BLANCO: UNA ALTERFICCIÓN EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors:   Grupo de Investigación del SELITEN@T (UNED), Prieto Nadal Ana
Published: June 2021

La obra del dramaturgo franco-uruguayo Sergio Blanco se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en uno de los máximos exponentes del teatro autoficcional. En COVID-451, escrita en tiempos de pan-demia y estrenada en julio de 2020 en el Teatre Lliure de Barcelona, Blanco amplía el espectro de la autoficción para llegar a la «alterficción»; extrapola el método de trabajo y acaba implicando a cinco trabajadores del ámbito sanitario que vivieron en primera persona la situación de emergencia hospitalaria. El juego metateatral y metaficcional de Sergio Blanco superpone el periplo clínico —imaginado a partir de un proto-colo plausible— a la sala de ensayos. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar hasta qué punto el hecho de acoger a esos cinco profesionales en escena supone ampliar los mecanismos y estrategias de la autoficción a otros actantes.
TEATRO EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UNA LLAMADA AL ENCUENTRO
Authors:   Universidad de Sheffield, Solis Miranda Regina , Valcheff García Fernando ,   Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Hermo Nieto Sara
Published: June 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 obligó a tomar estrictas medidas de aislamiento social durante la mayor parte del año 2020. Tras semanas de suspensión indefinida de espectáculos artísticos presenciales, se pro-dujo el surgimiento de modalidades innovadoras de expresión como res-puesta a lo que supuso una crisis sin precedentes para el sector cultural a nivel global en la era contemporánea. Partiendo de dicho contexto, el presente artículo aborda el fenómeno del teatro virtual focalizándose en el proyecto #LiveOnlineNow llevado adelante por la productora teatral mexicana Tercera Llamada vía Zoom. Nuestro estudio toma como ob-jeto de análisis tres de sus puestas en escena virtuales proponiendo pen-sar la práctica del teatro en tiempos de confinamiento como un espacio de convergencia que apela a reforzar el sentido de comunidad. En torno a esta noción, planteamos cuatro ejes de análisis: el contexto de apoyo a las artes en México; los guiones y patrones temáticos de las obras; el uso de la tecnología en los procesos de producción, montaje, convo-catoria y transmisión; y las relaciones intermediales que atraviesan las puestas. La activa resistencia ejercida por las artes escénicas al apostar por instancias colaborativas en la migración al medio virtual, motiva a examinar las conexiones entre el formato tradicional y el telepresencial, tanto como a cuestionar y replantear la noción misma de «teatro». En este sentido, nuestras observaciones críticas buscan reflexionar acerca de las posibilidades y desafíos que estas nuevas experiencias teatrales suponen para las y los creadores e intérpretes.
Malpraktik Pemilu dan Korupsi: Analisis terhadap Proses Penghitungan dan Rekapitulasi pada Pemilu Indonesia 2019
Authors: Husin Luthfi Hamzah , Pratama Heroik Mutaqin , Prasetyo Wegik , Hendra Hendra , Darmawan Wawan Budi , Manan Firman , Amsari Feri
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengkaji hubungan antara malpraktik pemilu dengan korupsi dengan berfokus pada analisis terhadap penyimpangan di dalam proses penghitungan dan rekapitulasi suara pada Pemilu Indonesia 2019, dengan fokusan pemilihan legislatif. Penelitian ini mencoba mengisi kekosongan literatur yang mengkaji malpraktik pemilu di Indonesia yang lebih banyak dilihat pada tahapan kampanye ketimbang tahapan penghitungan dan rekapitulasi suara di mana peran penyelenggara pemilu menjadi sangat sentral. Untuk menganalisis hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis secara lebih spesifik pada keterlibatan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) sebagai penyelenggara pemilu di dalam malpraktik pemilu. Menggunakan metode analisis dokumen dan  studi kasus, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tahapan rekapitulasi suara, khususnya pada tingkat kecamatan, merupakan fase paling rawan terjadinya malpraktik pemilu di mana keterlibatan penyelenggara pemilu ad-hoc dan saksi kandidat memiliki peran penting di sana.
Menciptakan Ruang Siber yang Kondusif bagi Pegiat Anti-Korupsi
Authors: Wijayanto Wijayanto , Sardini Nur Hidayat , N. Elsitra Gita
Published: June 2021

This research aims to reflect cyber-terror cases in the anti-corruption movement by Indonesian scholars in protest against the revision of the KPK Law in September 2019 and formulates the alternative solutions for anti-corruption activists’ cyber safety in the digital era. Based on focus group discussion with anti-corruption scholar activists and digital ethnography, this research found that, in general, anti-corruption activist prone to cyber-terror, and it weakened their movement. For strengthening the anti-corruption movement in the digital era, this research formulated three alternative solutions, which are: 1) strengthening consolidation of civil society organizations; 2) supporting the formulation of comprehensive cyber regulations; and 3) implementing campus mitigation. Those solutions could be the foundation for fulfilling and guaranteeing anti-corruption activists’ digital rights, especially for the freedom of expression and right to be protected in cyber-space, which is crucial for digital democracy in Indonesia.
Evaluation of Enset Fabric Reinforced Green Composite as Sound Absorber Structure
Authors: TEMESGEN Alhayat Getu , EREN Recep , AYKUT Yakup , SÜVARİ Fatih
Published: June 2021

Noise is an unpleasant sound generated from high level sound source, which is a major concern on the residential areas and disturbed comfort, safe activity performance and human health. Now a days, most people are interested on light weight, having good mechanical strength and biologically degradable as well as compostable products. The aim of this research work was characterized the acoustic properties of new alternative ecological composite materials using low cost and light weight agro waste resources. The sound absorption performance of enset fabric and its composite were determined using two microphone transfer mechanism with impedance tube method. The porosity and void structure of enset fibers were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for analysis of enset fabric/enset fabric composite sound dissipation mechanism. The sound absorption coefficient of enset fabric reinforced green composite had a value of 0.9 at critical frequency of 4500 Hz. The test result revealed that, enset fabric had better sound absorption capacity than commercially used glass fabric and had a promising potential to substitute flax in ecofriendly automobile and construction sectors with a wide range of acoustic absorbing frequencies, 3000 Hz - 6000 Hz.
Metodo multiresiduo per l’analisi di 240 pesticidi nei terreni di piantagioni di pomodori mediante cromatografia liquida ad alte prestazioni accoppiata alla spettrometria di massa
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

In questo lavoro è stato ottimizzato un metodo analitico per la determinazione dei residui per il focus dei pesticidi: Azoxystrobin, Boscalide, Carbendazim, Chloranthranilprole, Clothianidin, Diafentiuron, Difenoconazole, Dimetomorfe, Espinetoram, Espinosade A, Espinosade D, Fenylurozenoide, Metalaxy , Tiametossano nel terreno derivato dalla piantagione di pomodori, al fine di confrontare i livelli di contaminazione di questi composti nei campioni di terreno. Sono stati utilizzati il ​​metodo di estrazione QuEChERS modificato e la cromatografia liquida Ultra Performance accoppiata con la spettrometria di massa sequenziale, con sorgente di ionizzazione mediante elettronebulizzazione in modalità ESI (+/-). Il metodo consisteva nell’estrazione di 15,0 g di terreno con 15 ml di soluzione satura di idrossido di calcio pH 12,3 e 15 ml di acetonitrile, con conseguente ripartizione dell’effetto “salatura” attraverso 6,0 g di solfato di magnesio anidro e 1,5 g di cloruro di sodio . Le fasi sono state separate mediante centrifugazione a 3700 rpm per 7 min. Gli estratti sono stati diluiti con MeOH grado licrossolv® e iniettati in un cromatografo. Il metodo è stato convalidato in base ai parametri di linearità, LOD, LOQ, precisione e accuratezza. Linearità tra 0,2 e 20,0 µg L-1, coefficienti di determinazione maggiori di 0,99. I valori LOQ per il metodo erano 13 µg kg-1 per Spinosad e 7,0 µg kg-1 per gli altri pesticidi. Il metodo ha mostrato una buona precisione, con valori RSD <20%, e accuratezza, con recuperi tra il 70 e il 120% per la stragrande maggioranza dei composti analizzati. Le curve analitiche sono state preparate con estratti di terra bianca di riferimento, al fine di minimizzare l’effetto Matrix. Il metodo è stato ritenuto idoneo per l’analisi dei residui di pesticidi nel suolo, poiché soddisfa i parametri di validazione dei metodi cromatografici (European Comission, 2018). Dopo la convalida, il metodo è stato utilizzato per analizzare i residui di questi pesticidi in campioni di suolo provenienti da piantagioni di pomodori convenzionali, organiche e sostenibili. Rendere possibile confrontare i livelli di impatti ambientali generati. Oltre a convalidare il metodo analitico per i pesticidi-focus dello studio, è stato anche possibile convalidare 240 composti in più, tra autorizzati e non autorizzati per l’uso nella piantagione di pomodori.
Méthode multi-résidus pour l’analyse de 240 pesticides dans les sols de plantation de tomates par chromatographie liquide Ultra Performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

Dans ce travail, une méthode analytique pour la détermination des résidus pour le foyer pesticides a été optimisée: Azoxystrobin, Boscalide, Carbendazim, Chloranthranilprole, Clothianidin, Diafentiuron, Difenoconazole, Dimetomorfe, Espinetoram, Espinosade A, Espinosade D, Fenurox, Metalaxfen Meth , Thiamétoxane dans le sol issu de la plantation de tomates, afin de comparer les niveaux de contamination de ces composés dans les échantillons de sol. La méthode d’extraction QuEChERS modifiée et la Chromatographie Liquide Ultra Performance couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse Séquentielle ont été utilisées, avec une source d’ionisation par Electronébulisation en mode ESI (+/-). La méthode consistait à extraire 15,0 g de sol avec 15 ml de solution saturée d’hydroxyde de calcium pH 12,3 et 15 ml d’acétonitrile, avec une partition conséquente dans l’effet de «relargage» à travers 6,0 g de sulfate de magnésium anhydre et 1,5 g de chlorure de sodium . Les phases ont été séparées par centrifugation à 3700 tr / min pendant 7 min. Les extraits ont été dilués avec du MeOH licrossolv® grade et injectés dans un chromatographe. La méthode a été validée sur la base des paramètres de linéarité, LOD, LOQ, précision et exactitude. Linéarité entre 0,2 et 20,0 µg L-1, coefficients de détermination supérieurs à 0,99. Les valeurs de LQ pour la méthode étaient de 13 µg kg-1 pour le Spinosad et de 7,0 µg kg-1 pour les autres pesticides. La méthode a montré une bonne précision, avec des valeurs RSD <20%, et une exactitude, avec des récupérations comprises entre 70 et 120% pour la grande majorité des composés analysés. Les courbes analytiques ont été préparées avec des extraits de sol blanc de référence, afin de minimiser l’effet de matrice. La méthode a été jugée appropriée pour l’analyse des résidus de pesticides dans le sol, car elle satisfait aux paramètres de validation des méthodes chromatographiques (Commission européenne, 2018). Après validation, la méthode a été utilisée pour analyser les résidus de ces pesticides dans des échantillons de sol provenant de plantations de tomates conventionnelles, biologiques et durables. Permettant de comparer les niveaux d’impacts environnementaux générés. En plus de valider la méthode analytique pour les pesticides de l’étude, il a également été possible de valider 240 autres composés, entre une utilisation autorisée et non autorisée dans la plantation de tomates.