bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical analysis of surgical difficulties and postoperative morbidities of caesarean deliveries: a rural teaching hospital experiences in silk city, South India
Authors: Sheela Wills G. , M. Chellatamizh , M. Mohanambal
Published: May 2017

Background: Caesarean section is the delivery of a fetus through a surgical incision on the uterine wall after 28 weeks of gestation. Objectives of present study were to determine the caesarean section rate, to analyse surgical difficulties and post-operative morbidites in caesarean deliveries and to formulate modalities to reduce morbidity and to ensure safe motherhood.Methods: Retrospective analysis of caesarean deliveries in Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Ammapettai from January 2015-2017. Total number of delivery in these two year were 494.Total vaginal delivery-210, Total caesarean delivery-284. Case records of women who had cesarean deliveries were analysed for intra operative complications and post-operative morbidity within the period of their hospital stay.Results: Total no of deliveries in 2 years were 494. Vaginal delivery was 210 (42.5%). Total caesarean section is 57.5% (n=284). Primary caesarean section rate 33.1% (n=94) and secondary cesarean section rate 66.9% (n=190). 60% of our subjects were un-booked emergency admissions. Majority were between 21-30 years. Youngest is 16yr old with imminent eclampsia, oldest 35yr with previous 3 LSCS with central placenta previa. Non-closure of peritoneum in previous caesarean has increased the risk of adhesions, plastered rectus muscle and bladder adhesion which caused difficulty in reaching lower segment in 62 women. In present study, vertical incision was put on uterus in 4 cases due to adhesions. Difficulty in entering uterine cavity, extension of uterine angle due to thick lower segment and excessive bleeding was seen in cases of repeat caesarean section. Scar dehiscence has increased due to single layer closure of uterus. Scar dehiscence was noted in 41 cases. Bladder injury in 3 cases, adherent placenta over the scar was seen in 5 cases.Conclusions: Caesarean section rate is increasing. Intraoperative complications and postoperative morbidity is comparatively less in primary caesarean section. More than one morbidity was seen in 60% women who had repeat section. With the growing rate of cesarean deliveries worldwide, women should be counselled that the repeat cesarean are bound with surgical difficulties and complications. If available, it’s imperative to take the senior obstetricians help for better surgical outcome. Anticipation of complications, early decision and active intervention reduces morbidity and prevent mortality as most of the women report for admissions late in labour.
To analyse the semen for various parameters with special reference to lifestyle factors
Authors: Aswal Abhinav , Sharma Sangeeta , Bansal Rani , Khare Anjali
Published: May 2017

Background: Male factor is responsible for infertility in 23% cases. Semen analysis is the cornerstone of infertility evaluation as it provides information on the functional status of seminiferous tubules, epididymis and accessory sex glands. Reports in recent years has shown that incidence of male infertility has increased as a result of various factors such as lifestyle, environmental pollution and stress.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients reporting for semen analysis in Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College. The duration of the study was from October 2014 to September 2016 with a study sample of 196 cases. Semen analysis was done by manual method according to WHO 2010 criteria.Results: According to fertility scoring, out of 196 cases, 51 (26%) were infertile cases. With respect to infertile cases 82.4% were alcoholic, 80.4% tobacco smokers, 25.5% were tobacco chewers. These results were statistically significant. Out of 45 cases of oligozoospermia 37 (82.2%) were alcoholic, 36 (80%) were tobacco smoker and 10 (22.2%) were tobacco chewers. Out of 54 cases of asthenozoosperma 38 (70.4%) were alcoholic, 37 (68.5%) were tobacco smoker and 11 (20.4%) were tobacco chewers.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and tobacco chewing have a significant negative effect on the process of spermatogenesis, ultimately affecting sperm concentration, viability and motility. Hence clinician and fertility counselors need to be more focused to control infertility by modifying the life style factors.
Spontaneus pregnancy after obstructive nabothian cyst treatment
Authors: Turan Gökçe , Yalcin Bahat Pinar , Aslan Çetin Berna
Published: May 2017

Nabothian cysts are common and silent retention cysts of the uterine cervix with no particular intervention required. It is quite rare to reach a size of more than 4 cm and it is a diagnostic dilemma to differ it from adenoma malignum. Here we report a case a woman who conceived after 3.5 cm of naboth cyst treatment.
A case of broad ligament leiomyoma presenting as an ovarian mass
Authors: Kumari Rajesh , Vaishya Vandana , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Kriplani Alka
Published: May 2017

The broad ligament is the commonest extra uterine site for the occurrence of leiomyoma but with a very low incidence rate. It poses both clinical and radiological challenge in differentiating from an ovarian tumour. A 25-year-old unmarried female presented with history of lower abdominal pain associated with rapidly increasing abdominal distension for last 3 months. General physical examination was unremarkable. Examination of the abdomen revealed a firm, non-tender mass, with limited mobility arising from the pelvis corresponding to a uterine size of 32 weeks. Ultrasonography of abdomen revealed a 20×17×11cm right adnexal multi-loculated cyst. Contrast enhanced computer tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis showed a 12×17×17 cm well defined cystic lesion arising from the pelvis and ascending in to the abdominal cavity. The lesion also showed internal septa and peripheral rim enhancement. Right ovary was not seen separately. Tumor markers including CA-125 (22.4 IU/ ml), CEA (1.83/ml), CA-19.9 (22U/ml), Beta HCG (1.20IU/ ml), LDH (1.17IU/ml), and alpha feto-protein (0.8 ng/ml) were within normal limit. Laparotomy revealed a cystic mass arising from the right broad ligament. Histopathological examination revealed a broad ligament leiomyoma with extensive cystic degeneration. Broad ligament leiomyoma is uncommon tumour of pelvis and its differentiation from ovarian masses may be challenging for the clinicians.
Paraurethral leomyoma: a manageable challenge
Authors: Khatuja Ritu , Verma Menka , Sarda Nivedita , Chawla Dolly , Gupta Renu , Khare Pratima
Published: May 2017

Leiomyoma is a most common benign tumour of uterus. But it is very rare in vagina urethral and paraurethral. There are approximately 330 case reports are available in literature and the paraurethral site is extremely uncommon. Here, we report a case of 38-year nulliparous woman presented with complain of mass coming out of vagina as well as dyspareunia. Provisional diagnosis of anterior vaginal cyst along with the differential diagnosis of paraurethral and anterior wall vaginal leiomyoma was made. Transvaginal removal of mass was done and diagnosis of paraurethral leiomyoma was confirmed by histopathology.
Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix with superficial spread to endometrium: a rare case report
Authors: Arora Ritu , Bhagat Nisha , Raj Rajnish
Published: May 2017

Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix is defined as carcinoma with invasion of less than 5 mm penetration of the stroma. The spread to uterine corpus occurs rarely, but on lateral spread it involves parametrium and deep myometrium via lymphatic dissemination. Less than 30 cases are reported in literature of superficial spread of microinvasive carcinoma of cervix. We report a case of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix with metastasis to uterine corpus due to superficial spread.
Simultaneous bladder rupture with obstetrics anal sphincter injury following forceps application: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mahapatra Kishore Chandra , Dora Santosh Kumar , Dandapat Atal Bihari , Naik Bulu , Dash Debashish , Karanth Snehadarshini
Published: May 2017

In the modern era use of instrumental delivery is on a declining trend. Due to increase morbidity associated with forcep applications most women in developing countries preferred emergency caesarean section over instrumental delivery. But in country like India instrumental delivery is still preferable over caesarean section in many situations. We report a case that was referred from a peripheral hospital with simultaneous bladder and anal sphincter injury to our hospital. She was managed by a multidisciplinary team including urologist, surgeon and gynaecologist. Such type of case is very rare in modern era. To prevent such complications prerequisite for forcep application must be fulfilled. So that bladder injury, urinary fistula, anal incontinence and fetal complication can be avoided.
A rare case of mixed germ cell tumor in a teenage girl: a case report
Authors: Vali Faraz S. , Kyal Amit , Chaudhary Parul I. , Das Sujatha , Mukherjee Aprateem , Mukhopadhyay Partha
Published: May 2017

Germ cell tumors represent only 20% to 25% of all benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Mixed germ cell tumors are a rare variety of non–dysgerminomatous germ cell tumors. They contain two or more elements; the most frequent combination being a dysgerminoma and an EST (Endodermal Sinus Tumor). We present a case of malignant mixed germ cell tumor comprising of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma. A 13-year-old girl presented with a huge 25 x 18 cm mass in abdomen with raised values of CA-125, hCG, AFP (alpha-feto protein) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). She underwent laparotomy followed by unilateral salpingoopherectomy and infracolic omentectomy. Histopathology report revealed malignant mixed germ cell tumor comprising predominantly of EST with elements of embryonal carcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Following surgery, she was started on adjuvant chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin regimen). Mixed germ cell tumor (YST/EST, non-gestational choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma) is a very rare tumor. Careful initial surgery with adequate staging biopsies followed by combination chemotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of these patients
Iatrogenic bile duct injury repair using isolated vascularized gastric tube: early experience in two tertiary centers
Authors: Helmy Ashraf A. , Ali Ayman M. A.
Published: May 2017

Background: Bile duct injuries (BDI) constitute a disaster for both the patient and the surgeon without satisfactory results with the classic use of roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate our newly introduced technique utilizing isolated vascularized gastric tube (IVGT) as an alternative for RYHJ in reconstruction of the bile duct after iatrogenic BDI with lost segment.Methods: This is a prospective study included 18 consecutive patients suffered from iatrogenic BDI with lost segment admitted to Assiut and Sohag University Hospitals, during the period from September 2013 to June 2016. Patients were subjected to operative treatment with the interposition of IVGT to bridge the lost bile duct segment. Patients were evaluated regarding demographic criteria, clinical picture, different investigations, efficacy of the use of IVGT and evaluation of post-operative complications after a mean follow-up of 2 years.Results: Eighteen patients underwent repair of BDI utilizing IVGT during the study period. Three patients (17%) suffered immediate repairs, 10 patients (55%) experienced intermediate repairs and late repairs were performed for the last 5 patients (28%). Bile leak as a specific early morbidity was present in 3 patients (17%) with upper biliary tract injury without any operative mortality. Also, there was one patient with stent obstruction relieved by stent extraction. With long-term follow-up there was not any patient of biliary stricture.Conclusions: IVGT proved to be feasible and safe for bile duct replacement and is a good alternative for biliary reconstruction being more anatomical and physiological than RYHJ.
Diagnosis and management challenges of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single institution's experience
Authors: Zakaria Hazem M. , Ammar Khaled G. , Saleh Sherif M. , Abbas Mohammed , Gaballa Nahla M. , Hammad Essam M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a dreadful complication of liver cirrhosis that requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive management for better outcome. The aim of this work was to study the diagnostic tools and the optimal management of acute MVT in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: It was a retrospective study including 40 patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to the surgical emergency and were eventually diagnosed as acute MVT between May 2011 to September 2016. The preoperative clinicopathological data, operative data and postoperative follow up were recorded.Results: Forty patients had acute MVT. Twenty five patients (62.5%) had prolonged prothrombin time, 18 patients (45%) had thrombocytopenia and 22 patients (55%) had low protein C. triphasic CT scan was the main diagnostic image in 28 patients, with sensitivity 100% and accuracy 96.9% in detection of intestinal infarction. Ten patients (25%) underwent conservative treatment with anticoagulant, while 30 patients (75%) were surgically explored and 28 patients of them had gangrenous bowel loops and underwent primary resection and anastomosis. Three patients underwent second look operation. Three patients had recurrent symptoms after 1 month of the first presentation. The overall 30- and 90-day mortality was 27.5% and 37.5% respectively.Conclusions: Cirrhotic patients may have hypercoagulable state and the usual laboratory tests don’t accurately assess the coagulation status in these patient. Acute MVT in cirrhotic patients has a high early morbidity and mortality that needs early diagnosis and urgent management with selective surgical intervention and proper anticoagulant.
Profile of benign breast disease in Kashmiri women: a prospective study
Authors: Wani Mumtazdin , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Dar Mohammad Hanief
Published: May 2017

Background: Though benign breast diseases are very common, not many studies have focussed on this entity. In Kashmir valley, no major study has been undertaken before, to look into the profile of the benign breast diseases in women.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of General Surgery of SMHS Hospital from October 2012 to September 2014. The patients with features of benign breast diseases were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination and investigations. Analysis was done using this data.Results: 80% of the benign breast lesions presented in the second and third decades of life. Mean age was 24.46 years. Most common benign breast lesion was fibroadenoma. Lump in the breast was the predominant symptom. Duration of symptoms mostly ranged from 1 to 6 months. There was a slight preponderance of lesions in the right breast. Most of lesions presented in upper outer quadrant.  81.39% of the patients had only a solitary lump.76.74% of lumps had a size of 2 to 5cm. Clinicopathological correlation in case of fibroadenoma, showed 60% sensitivity, 75% specificity, PPV=85.71% and NPV=42.85%. Cytohistological correlation in case of fibroadenoma, showed 85% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, PPV=94.4% and NPV=70%. 38 cases (38%) were managed conservatively and 62 cases (62%) were managed surgically.Conclusions: Results grossly similar to other parts of the word were obtained. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign lesion encountered followed by fibroadenosis and breast abscess. Majority of breast lumps were painless. Conservative approach for fibroadenoma is acceptable option in the adolescents.
A prospective study of intestinal obstruction in paediatric age group
Authors: Bhedi Amul , Prajapati Miten , Sarkar Arnab
Published: May 2017

Background: Intestinal obstruction can occur at any age in the paediatric population1-4. Bowel obstruction in children differs from that in adults in terms of etiology, presentation and even the management. The aim of the study was to find out various etiologies, clinical features, outcome and mortality of paediatric age groups with intestinal obstruction and their relation to age and sex distribution.Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 cases of paediatric age group with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction which were admitted in Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad Hospital, Vadodara, India during period of December 2004 to November 2006. Surgical intervention was carried out where indicated otherwise patients were managed conservatively. Data was analysed in SPSS version 10 statistical software for percentage and frequencies.Results: Total 50 patients were included in the study. Among these 30 were males and 20 were females with M: F ratio of 3:2. Majority of them were 25 neonates of age group of 1-7 days (50%), followed by 7 infants of 1 months- 1 years (14%) and 18 children aged 1 years-12 years (36%).  Out of 50 patients, 41 (82%) patients had congenital causes in which 21(42%) patients had imperforate anus followed by Hirschprung’s disease in 8(16%), Meckel’s diverticulum in 6(12%), jejunal atresia in 4(8%), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in 2 patients (4%) and 9(18%) patients had acquired causes in which intussusception was in 5(10%) patients, abdominal tuberculosis in 2(4%) and gangrenous appendix in 2(4%) patients. Total mortality was 6 out of 25 neonates and there were no mortality in infants and children groups.Conclusions: Majority of patients were neonates than infants and children with slight male preponderance with male: female ratio of 3:2. Congenital causes of intestinal obstruction were more common (82%) than the acquired causes (18%). Postoperative septicaemia was more common and overall mortality was exclusively in neonates.
A prospective study on effectiveness of use of papain urea based preparation in dressings compared with regular conventional dressings in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: S. Balasubrahmanya K. , Pawar Praveen M. , M. Srinidhi , S. Shruthi , V. Jinumon K. , Kunju Rahul D.
Published: May 2017

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a very common condition encountered in surgical practise. Wound management pose a good challenge for a treating surgeon due to its physical, mental and social implications. The devitalised necrotic tissue present in ulcer does not favour the wound healing as it increases the chance of infection and delays appearance of granulation tissue. Hence debriding of devitalised tissue plays a key role in wound care. In present study ,we used papain urea based preparation in dressings which is a autolytic agent. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of use of papain urea based preparations compared with regular conventional dressing in diabetic foot ulcer management.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in K. R. Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 60 eligible subjects with diabetic foot ulcers were selected and subjects were randomly allocated into two groups Group A and Group B with 30 subjects in each group. Subjects in Group A underwent dressing with papain urea based preparation and in Group B underwent regular conventional dressing. Results were assessed with respect to percentage decrease in necrotic tissue, incidence of infection, appearance of granulation and hospital stay.Results: Among Group A subjects percentage reduction of necrotic tissue was more, granulation appeared early and the hospital stay was less compared to Group B subjects which were statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference with respect to incidence of infection in both groups.Conclusions: Papain urea based preparation is effective in diabetic foot ulcer care.
Hypoparathyroidism, an innate risk of thyroidectomy
Authors: S. Arun , Ravindran Rashmi , P. Sreejayan M.
Published: May 2017

Background: The identification and preservation of parathyroid glands (PT) with its intact blood supply is of utmost importance during thyroid surgery. To preserve the PT with intact blood supply, a medial to lateral dissection is advocated, with plane of dissection along the thyroid capsule. One of the earliest and feared complications of thyroidectomy is hypoparathyroidism (HPT). Aim was to study the incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism during thyroidectomy.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study, from 2008 to 2015. 472 cases who underwent thyroidectomy (182 near total and 290 total thyroidectomies) for any indications in general surgery department of a tertiary care centre were included.Results: The incidence of permanent and transient HPT after total thyroidectomy was 3.8 and 09%, where as it was 2.75 and 3.85% after near total thyroidectomy. The results of present study were comparable with other studies.Conclusions: Meticulous dissection, absolute hemostasis, and a thorough knowledge of neck anatomy are the key in reducing the post thyroidectomy complications. Transient or permanent hypo parathyroidism is due to inadvertent gland removal or injury to its vascular pedicle. Dissection close to the thyroid capsule and ligation of capsular branches of thyroid avoiding the main trunk of inferior thyroid artery holds the key.
A study on clinical profile and outcome of malrotation of intestine in children
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sankkarabarathi , Shanmugam Vivek
Published: May 2017

Background: Malrotation is a congenital disorder featured with abnormal positioning of intestine within the peritoneal cavity. Its diagnosis is established within one year of age in most of the cases. The present study was conducted with the aim to analyse in detail the entire clinical profile of malrotation of intestine in children and to analyse the value of imaging in diagnosing suspected cases of malrotation.Methods: This prospective study was carried out during the period from September 2010 to January 2013. 70 patients with suspected malrotation based on clinical symptoms and subsequently proven by surgery were included in the study. The surgery was performed based on the clinical signs and symptoms as well as ultrasound and an upper gastrointestinal contrast study by using barium meal follow through (BMFT).Results: Out of 70 patients in this series, 47 (67.5%) were at the age group of less than one week to one month, 10 (14%) were between one month to one year and 13 (18.5%) were older than year. Male: Female ratio was 4:3. 12 (17%) babies were born to consanguity couple. Bilious vomiting was the most common symptom observed in 61 (87%) patients. After X-ray of abdomen, intussusception was diagnosed in 5 patients, X-ray was suggestive in 35 patients (50%), normal in 16 (23%), double bubble sign noticed in 5 (7%) patients. Out of 70, 51 patients had ultrasound abdomen for malrotation. Among them, 36 patients were noticed with altered SMA/SMV axis, 6 with volvulus, 4 reports were normal and 5 were inconclusive.Conclusions: The incidence of malrotation in symptomatic children can be identified by ultrasound of abdomen whereas in case of asymptomatic children, it was diagnosed initially by using abdominal X-ray and later comfirmed by abdominal ultrasound. Once the diagnosis of malrotation has been established, appropriate surgical approach should be carried out to reduce the risk of mortality in infants and children.
METACONTINGÊNCIAS E PRODUTOS AGREGADOS NA LEI DE DIRETRIZES E BASES DA EDUCAÇÃO: PRIMEIRO O OBJETIVO, DEPOIS COMO CHEGAR LÁ
Authors: De Carvalho Izabel Cristina Vale , Todorov João Claudio
Published: May 2017

Esta pesquisa investigou as relações de contingências e metacontingências contidas na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDB. Foram encontradas quatro contingências de reforço, sendo três incompletas e uma completa, que correspondem aos deveres do Estado e da família com a educação, principalmente com o ensino fundamental. Quanto às análises de metacontingências, a LDB define um produto agregado (pleno desenvolvimento do educando) que depende dos outros (preparação para o exercício da cidadania e qualificação o para trabalho), encontrados na educação básica. A Lei é caracterizada principalmente como uma cadeia de produtos agregados.Palavras-chave: LDB, contingências, metacontingências, produto agregado, educação.
A SYSTEMATIC REPLICATION OF SKINNER (1938) USING A HOT AIR BLAST AS THE PUNISHER
Authors: Mayer Paulo César Morales , De Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes
Published: May 2017

The present study was a systematic replication of the classic study by Skinner (1938) using a hot air blast (HAB) as the punisher. After lever press training, six rats underwent two extinction sessions. During the initial 10 min of extinction in the first session, half of the subjects received a HAB for every lever press (punishment). Subjects that received punishment made fewer lever presses during first extinction session, but the total number of responses in both groups was equivalent by the end of the second extinction session. The present data corroborate the findings of Skinner (1938) that the punishment may have partial and temporary effects in certain contexts. We discuss the ways in which the elicitation of competitive responses, the intensity and nature of the stimulus, and the duration of exposure to the aversive contingency are important factors that may explain the divergent results in the literature.Keywords: punishment, replication, competitive responses, suppression, rats, hot air blast
Impact Analysis of Slovak- Hungarian Cross Border Cooperation Projects
Authors: Pawera René , Bott Domonkos Lívia , Hakszer Richard
Published: May 2017

Cooperation is the key to a better Europe. European Union supports territorial cooperation between border-regions, especially in the border settlements. Border regions, towns and districts promote cooperation as a tool for growth and change through policy development and strategic orientation within territorial cooperation and beyond regional development. Regional disparities in Slovakia are actually the highest among EU countries and the Cohesion policy tries to balance with European standards. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of projects on disparity and economic growth in border areas mainly in the context of Slovak indicators. The comparative study also hypothesis whether the cross-border region in Hungary and Slovakia behave differently in terms of absorption in the 2007-2013 programming period. Besides, as for methodology, it was used various types such as statistical data, convergence analysis by disparities, comparative studies, absorptions maps of CBC projects, cohesion analysis of the region. Finally, it is focusing on future prognosis and possible trend of the current 2014-2020 period.
Imbalance of the public finance in the context of Keynesian and Non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy limitation
Authors: Stawska Joanna
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to point out the importance of the size of public debt and deficit in the context of Keynesian and non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy limitation. To achieve this objective primarily were used methods of analysis of the available literature and presentation of statistical data. Considerations include, among others, the presentation of public debt and deficit in the context of economic growth. Expansionary fiscal policy often caused by economic fluctuations contributes to the deepening of public finance imbalance with frequent decline in GDP growth. The restrictive policy has an influence on improving the situation of the public finance sector in the long-term with at least moderate economic growth.
Gospodarka wodna w Singapurze
Authors: Szyja Paulina
Published: May 2017

W artykule została podjęta kwestia gospodarki wodnej w Singapurze w kontekście rozwoju kraju. Od czasu uzyskania niepodległości władze polityczne kraju dążą do przekształcenia negatywnych skutków lokalnych warunków w sukces. Brak zasobów wodnych stał się przyczynkiem do rozwoju innowacji. Ponadto zdobyta wiedza i doświadczenie pozwalają na świadczenie usług zagranicą w dziedzinie zrównoważonych środowiskowo praktyk.
Włoskie Risorgimento: mit i rzeczywistość
Authors: Fornaro Pasquale
Published: May 2017

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Powstanie, organizacja i program działania Polsko-Szwedzkiego Komitetu Współpracy Kulturalnej przy Ministerstwie Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego w 1936 roku
Authors: Brzeziński Andrzej M.
Published: May 2017

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Andrzej Korytko, „Na których opiera się Rzeczpospolita”. Senatorowie koronni za Władysława IV Wazy, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie, Olsztyn 2015, ss. 484.
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: May 2017

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Impact of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supplementation on the performance of Beetal kids under stall-fed conditions
Authors: Singla M. , Saini A. L. , . Chandrahas , Singh N. D. , Kaur P. , Sharma A.
Published: May 2017

Eighteen kids of both sexes in equal number with age of 5-6 months and having average body weight of 15.29±0.33 kg were randomly distributed into three groups to evaluate the effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supplementation on the performance of Beetal kids under stall-fed conditions. The kids of T1 and T2 group were orally supplemented with W. somnifera for 90 days at the dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The group without any supplementation was treated as control (T0). All other management practices were similar in the three groups. The mean temperature humidity index (THI) during the study period was 77.85±0.57. The overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (P less han 0.05) higher in T1 (53.70±4.75 g/day) and T2 (59.63±7.93 g/day) over the control (35.74±4.08 g/day) group. Daily feed intake was not affected due to Ashwagandha supplementation among various treatment groups. Various blood biochemical profiles like haemoglobin, TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes were within the normal physiological limits. The faecal OPG (oocyte per gram) showed non-significantly declining trend in T1 and T2 over T0. It was concluded that Ashwagandha (W. Somnifera) supplementation had potential to improve the growth performance of Beetal kids under stall-fed conditions without any adverse effect on health.
Molecular epidemiologic investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in pig population of India
Authors: Rout M. , Subramaniam S. , Mohapatra J.K. , Pattnaik B.
Published: May 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and globally significant viral disease principally of cloven-hoofed livestock species. The present study describes the results of molecular epidemiologic investigation of FMD in pigs across various states of India between 2008 and 2014. During this period, a total of 37 clinical epithelial samples (vesicle/foot/snout epithelium) of FMD-suspected pigs were tested in a serotype differentiating antigen detection ELISA and samples found negative were further subjected to multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). A total of 29 (78.37%) samples were found positive for serotype O in antigen detection ELISA and 8 ELISA-negative samples were subsequently found positive for serotype O in mRT-PCR. The VP1 region-based phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the involvement of O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineage in the outbreaks. The pig isolates clustered with the contemporary virus isolates collected from bovine indicating a close genetic relationship and therefore signifying inter-species transmission during the outbreaks.
Molecular and functional characterization of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in Aseel and White Leghorn chicken
Authors: Kannaki T. R. , Reddy M. R. , Raja K. S. , . Ravindra , Chatterjee R. N.
Published: May 2017

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the innate as well as adaptive immune response. In the present study TLR5 gene from Aseel and White Leghorn was amplified and sequenced by primer walking method. The sequence analysis revealed that Aseel TLR5 shared 97-98% and 98-99% homology with other chicken breeds at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Further, the TLR5 mRNA expression levels were quantified in different tissues of day-old Aseel and WL chicks by real time PCR assay. TLR5 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in liver, spleen and intestine of Aseel than White Leghorn chicken (P less than 0.01). However, in bone marrow significantly higher expression was observed in WL than Aseel chicken (P less than 0.01) and no significant difference in transcript expression was found in muscle, bursa and heart tissue. In vitro stimulation of PBMCs of Aseel and WL with recombinant flagellin resulted in significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1â gene expression in Aseel birds than WL. Polymorphisms in ligand binding region, higher transcript expression in tissues at the site of microbial entry and higher pro-inflammatory response to flagellin stimulation in Aseel chicken better immune competence in this native chicken breed.
Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Belsare S.S. , Dhaker Hukam Singh , Pawase A.S. , Joshi V.R. , Mohite S.A. , Rathod R.H.
Published: May 2017

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for growth, feed utilization and body composition of goldfish, Carassius auratus juveniles (1.66 ± 0.018 g). Six diets containing two protein levels (300 and 400 g/kg) and three lipid levels (40, 80 and 120 g/kg) were formulated. Fifteen fish were randomly allotted to 18 aquaria (0.6 × 0.3 × 0.45 m) and fed to apparent satiation. The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased in response to higher dietary proteins with highest weight gain and SGR recorded in diet containing 400 g/kg protein with 80 g/kg lipid. Both feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were dependent on dietary protein and lipid level (P less than 0.05). Lipid retention (LR) was negatively correlated while hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) was positively correlated with dietary lipid levels. Whole body protein content decreased (P less than 0.05) while, lipid content increased with increasing dietary lipid at each protein level. Second-order polynomial regression also revealed diet containing 400 g/kg protein level and 80 g/kg lipid level optimal for the growth and feed utilization of juvenile goldfish, C. auratus.
Effect of peanut oil and nandrolone on serum cytokines in pubertal term rats
Authors: Tasgin Erdal , Haliloglu Seyfullah
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nandrolone on cytokine levels in pubertal term female and male rats. Totally 60 pubertal term Spraque Dawley rat (30/30 female/male) were divided into 3 equal groups. Control group received no treatment. PO group received intraperitoneally peanut oil every 5 days with an intervening gap of 2 days where no treatment was given. ND group received intraperitoneally nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg) within peanut oil like PO group. At the end of the four weeks, blood samples were obtained. Serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Peanut oil significantly (P less than 0.05) increased serum levels of interleukin-1â and interleukin-6 in pubertal term male rats, while nandrolone decanoate had no any effect on the cytokine levels compared to experimental groups. It may be stated that nandrolone decanoate has no excessive inducer effect on the cytokine synthesis in pubertal male and female term.
Myostatin silencing effect on basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors in caprine foetal fibroblast cells
Authors: Borah Biswajyoti , Singh Ajit Pratap , Gogoi Hamen , Phukan Amlan Jyoti , Sarkhel Bikash Chandra
Published: May 2017

Transgenic food animal production is one of the potential and need oriented research to mitigate the food crises of the world. In vitro gene silenced animal cells and making use of these cells for transgenesis one of the suitable way to produce productive animals. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth, has the potential to increase the muscle mass upon its silencing. Four Hush 29-mer anti- myostatin (MSTN) shRNA constructs were checked for myostatin gene silencing in caprine foetal fibroblast cells and its subsequent effect on basic helix– loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors. These factors are necessary for the terminal differentiation, proliferation, and homeostasis of muscle development. Different shRNA constructs displayed 55.1 to 91.5% (p less than 0.01) of myostatin silencing in caprine foetal fibroblast cells and upregulation of myogenic gene. Upregulation of 7.97 to 111.67 % for MyoD, 77.0 % to 319.47 % for myogenin, 16.67 % to 138.0 % for Myf5 were observed . The Pearson correlation established a negative correlation between myostatin and genes under study. Result suggests that knockdown of MSTN a potential approach to improve caprine musculatures.
Determinación de valores normales de amplitud y flexibilidad de acomodación visual en dos grupos de estudiantes universitarios, oriundos de diferentes regiones de Colombia
Authors: Jiménez de Vanegas Stella Betulia , Blanco Chavarro Marcela , Pinzón Rojas Nancy Julieth
Published: May 2017

La acomodación visual es una de las funciones oculares a la que se le atribuyen la poca comodidad visual y las variaciones clínicas. Investigadores ingleses, franceses, alemanes y norteamericanos han analizado las características de la amplitud y la flexibilidad en sus poblaciones, sin embargo, los valores de normalidad que cada uno encontró no coinciden entre si. El objetivo de ésta investigación fue determinar valores normales de amplitud y flexibilidad de acomodación visual en nuestro medio. El estudio se realizó en 40 estudiantes universitarios repartidos en dos grupos uno oriundo de la zona central y el otro de la zona costera del país. Además se separaron por edades en dos grupos uno entre 18 y 22 años, y el otro entre 23 y 26 años. Se encontró que los valores de amplitud de acomodación visual son levemente menores que los estudiados en Europa y Norteamérica. Se detectó que las personas oriundas de la costa presentaron mayor nivel de amplitud de acomodación que las personas oriundas de la zona central. En cuanto a la flexibilidad de acomodación se encontró que las personas oriundas de la zona central presentaron mayor flexibilidad que las personas oriundas de la zona costera. Se encontró una correlación directa entre los valores de amplitud de acomodación y la estatura de las personas.
Molecular structure, vibrational spectra, NBO, Fukui function, HOMO-LUMO analysis and molecular docking study of 6-[(2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-5-propylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Authors: AlRabiah Haitham , Muthu S , Al-Omary Fatmah , Al-Tamimi Abdul-Malek , Raja M , Muhamed R Raj , El-Emam Ali Abdel-Rahman
Published: May 2017

Theoretical and experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational spectral analysis of 6-[(2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-5-propylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-100 cm-1 insolid phase. The molecular geometrical parameters, bond length, bond angle and vibrational wave numbers, harmonic vibrational frequency were investigated using the density functional theory B3LYP method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The stability of the molecule has been investigated using the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The electronic properties such as HOMO-LUMO energies were determined by the time-dependent DFT approach. The thermodynamical properties and the first order hyperpolarizability and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the title compound were also studied. The electron density-based local reactivity descriptors such as the Fukui functions were calculated to explain the chemical selectivity or reactivity site in the molecule. The molecule orbital contributions were investigated using the total density of states (TDOS), the sum of 𝛼 and 𝛽 electron density of states (𝛼𝛽DOS). The molecular docking (ligand-protein) simulations have been performed using the SWISSDOCK server. The full fitness (FF) score and hydrogen bonding interaction and binding affinity values revealed that title compound can act as potential inhibitor against HIV-1 protease.
Purification and optimization of conditions for DNA polymerase isolated from thermophile bacteria Bacillus caldolyticus
Authors: Popovski Zoran T , Nestorovski Tome , Svetozarevic Milica , Milevska Elizabeta Miskoska
Published: May 2017

Тhermophilic bacteria Bacillus caldolyticus isolated from the hot spring in Bansko, Republic of Macedonia, were used for the isolation of DNA polymerase. Bacterial cells were disrupted by sonication and the first step in the purification of DNA polymerase was 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation. This was followed by chromatographic procedures on Sephadex G-50, DE-52 and CM-52 cellulose. DNA polymerase activity was analyzed at each step of purification using the incorporation of 3H dATP in activated calf thymus DNA. The purity of the DNA polymerase was analyzed on SDS PAGE. Optimal conditions of activity were determined for temperature, pH, dNTP and Mg++ concentration. In addition, the effect of ethanol and EDTA as possible inhibitors of polymerase activity was also analyzed. The optimal temperature of DNA polymerase was 66 ºC; the optimal pH was 7.2, optimal MgCl2 concentration was 2.5 mM, and the optimal substrate concentration was 2.5 × 10–6 M dNTP. The inhibitory effect of EDTA and ethanol on DNA polymerase was above 10 mM and 10%, respectively.
Financial Sector Reform and the Growth of Nigerian Economy: 1986-2015
Authors: Umejiaku R.I. , Obumneke Ezie
Published: May 2017

The study investigates the effectiveness of financial sector reforms towards the growth of Nigerian economy from 1986 to 2015 using error correction model approach. The long-run pre-estimation tests revealed that there is long-run relationship between financial sector reform and the economic growth in Nigeria. Findings from the study showed that consistent fall in real deposit rate had engineered the mobilised credit that was invested in the economy; little wonder none of the determinants coefficient was significant. The fact that the real deposit rate has the right sign though statistically insignificant shows that given an enabling environment devoid of inflation; it could encourage savings and probably economic growth. The right sign of the credit to the private sector is equally encouraging investment – proxied by ratio of private sector credit to Gross Domstic Product (GDP) which leads one to wonder where the resources have gone. The study thus recommends that an enabling environment devoid of discouraging inflation must be provided and the financial institutions must be seem to be acting also for the interest of the economy.
The Normal Human Endometrium but not Myometrium Presents Menstrual Cycle-Dependent Fluctuations in the Immunoexpression of DNA Fragmentation Factor 40, DNA Fragmentation Factor 45, and B-cell Lymphoma 2 Protein.
Authors: Banas Tomasz , Pitynski Kazimierz , Okon Krzysztof , Mikos Marcin , Bonior Joanna , Ludwin Artur
Published: May 2017

Abstract: DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression were evaluated in the normal human endometrium and myometrium. DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry in the proliferative, secretory, and atrophic endometrium and myometrium collected postmenopausally and premenopausally during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. The endometrium showed significantly higher DFF40 and DFF45 expression than that in the uterine myometrium; compared to the stroma, endometrial glands showed the highest expression in pre- and postmenopausal specimens. Glandular expression of DFF45 was dependent on the menstrual cycle, reaching its highest level in the secretory endometrium. The glandular expression of DFF40 and DFF45 was significantly lower in postmenopausal specimens than that in premenopausal tissue. No cycle-dependent changes were reported for stromal or myometrial DFF40 or DFF45 expression. Compared to the endometrial stroma and myometrium, Bcl-2 showed the highest expression in the glandular proliferative endometrium and the lowest expression in the stromal secretory endometrium and myometrium during the secretory phase of the cycle. DFF45 and Bcl-2 showed menstrual cycle-dependent expression, which was limited to the glandular layer of the endometrium.
Molecular Characterization and Identification of Facilitative Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) and Expression of Related Glycometabolism in Response to Different Starch Levels in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Liang Hualiang , Wilson-Arop Ogwok-Manas , Mi Haifeng , J Ke , Ge Xianping , Ren Mingchun
Published: May 2017

Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) are transmembrane transporter of proteins involved in glucose transport across the plasma membrane. To date, there is no information about glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in blunt snout bream (Megalobram aamblycephala). In this study, GLUT2 were cloned and characterized from blunt snout bream, and its-expression in response to diets with different carbohydrate levels (17.1%; 21.8%; 26.4%; 32.0%; 36.3% and 41.9% of dry matter). In this study, the full-length cDNA of GLUT2 was 2577 bp, including a 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of 73 bp, a 3’-UTR of 992 bp, and an open reading frame of 1512 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 503 amino acids with predicted molecular weight of 55.046 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.52. GLUT2 has twelve across the membrane area locating at 7-29; 71-93; 106-123; 133-155; 168-190; 195-217; 282-301; 316-338; 345-367; 377-399; 412-434; 438-460 aimo acids respectively. Conservative structure domains located at 12-477 aimo acids belonging to sugar porter family major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter. The blunt snout bream GLUT2 showed high identity to their orthologs in other fish species and mammals. Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR assays revealed that GLUT2 expression was high in the liver, intestine and kidney; highest in the liver. Compared with the control group (17.1%), high dietary carbohydrate levels (32.0%; 36.3% and 41.9%) resulted in high plasma glucose at 3h after feeding, but high plasma glucose were back to basal at 24h after feeding. Furthermore, high dietary carbohydrate levels significantly improved the glycolysis and inhibitied gluconeogenesis by augmentation of GK and PK expression, inhibition of PEPCK and G6P mRNA levels (P<0.05). However, GLUT2; GK; PK; PEPCK and G6P mRNA levels were back to basal.
CDS Rate Construction Methods by Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Brummelhuis Raymond , Luo Zhongmin
Published: May 2017

Regulators require financial institutions to estimate counterparty default risks from liquid CDS quotes for the valuation and risk management of OTC derivatives. However, the vast majority of counterparties do not have liquid CDS quotes and need proxy CDS rates. Existing methods cannot account for counterparty-specific default risks; we propose to construct proxy CDS rates by associating to illiquid counterparty liquid CDS Proxy based on Machine Learning Techniques. After testing 156 classifiers from 8 most popular classifier families, we found that some classifiers achieve highly satisfactory accuracy rates. Furthermore, we have rank-ordered the performances and investigated performance variations amongst and within the 8 classifier families. This paper is, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic study of CDS Proxy construction by Machine Learning techniques, and the first systematic classifier comparison study based entirely on financial market data. Its findings both confirm and contrast existing classifier performance literature. Given the typically highly correlated nature of financial data, we investigated the impact of correlation on classifier performance. The techniques used in this paper should be of interest for financial institutions seeking a CDS Proxy method, and can serve for proxy construction for other financial variables. Some directions for future research are indicated.