bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, surface tension, optical and dielectric properties of bismuth oxide thin film
Authors: Tezel Fatma Meydanerİ , Afşin Kariper İ.
Published: March 2017

Bismuth oxide thin film was deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique onto a glass substrate. The grain size (D), dislocation density (δ) and number of crystallites per unit area (N), i.e. structural properties of the thin film were determined as 16 nm, 39.06× 10–4line/nm2, 31.25 × 10–31/nm2, respectively. Optical transmittance properties of the thin film were investigated by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optical band gap (Eg) for direct transitions, optical transmission (T %), reflectivity (R %), absorption, refractive index (nr), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constant (∊) of the thin film were found to be 3.77 eV, 25.23 %, 32.25 %, 0.59, 3.62, 0.04 and 2.80, respectively. The thickness of the film was measured by AFM, and was found to be 128 nm. Contact angles of various liquids on the oxide thin film were determined by Zisman method, and surface tension was calculated to be 31.95 mN/m.
Additional information on the distribution and ecology of the recently described diatom species Geissleria gereckei
Authors: Vidakovic Danijela , Cantonati Marco , Mogna Marcella , Jakovljević Olga , Šovran Sanja , Lazović Vladimir , Stojanović Katarina , Đorđević Jelena , Krizmanić Jelena
Published: March 2017

The main objective of this paper is to report new information about the distribution and ecology of a recently described diatom species, Geissleria gereckei. The opportunity for updating the information on the distribution and ecology of the species was provided by the finding of well-developed G. gereckei populations on the lithic material and bryophytes in the Raška and Mlava rivers (Serbia). For several years after the first description, G. gereckei has been known only from the type locality and from another spring in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (the south-eastern Alps). After accurate LM and SEM observations, we provide evidence for the occurrence of the species also in the two above-mentioned rivers in Serbia, as well as in the south-western and south-eastern Alps. After an extensive literature search, it appears that the species is known with certainty only from these sites. Our observations and details from the literature suggest that the species is able to occupy a much broader ecological niche than the very-specific one observed at the time of discovery. The two main determinants for the species’ occurrence appear to be the carbonate nature of the catchments or aquifers, and the ability of the species to be competitive in habitats or microhabitats exposed to seasonal desiccation.
Visible-light activated photocatalytic effect of glass and glass ceramic prepared by recycling waste slag with hematite
Authors: Ishikawa Shiori , Kobzi Balazs , Sunakawa Kosuke , Nemeth Szilvia , Lengyel Attila , Kuzmann Ernő , Homonnay Zoltán , Nishida Tetsuaki , Kubuki Shiro
Published: March 2017

A relationship between the local structure and the visible-light activated photocatalytic effect was investigated in the glass and glass ceramics prepared by recycling waste slag, which was discharged from a Tokyo Household Garbage Combustion Plant. For the preparation of a homogeneous sample of waste slag recycled glass, (WSRG), 10 wt% of Na2CO3 and 10–50 wt% of Fe2O3 were added. 57Fe-Mössbauer spectra of WSRG recorded at liquid nitrogen temperature showed three types of magnetic hfs; one due to FeII(O
h) with δ of 1.21 mm s−1 and H
int of 46.7 T, one due to FeIII(O
h) with δ of 0.46 mm s−1 and H
int of 44.1 T, and the other due to FeIII(T
d) with δ of 0.38 mm s−1 and H
int of 47.8 T. They were superimposed on a relaxation spectrum due to superparamagnetic hematite. Methylene blue (MB) degradation test with 40 mg of the heat treated WSRG (50 wt% Fe2O3), under the visible-light irradiation for 6 h showed a marked decrease in the concentration of MB from 20 to 7.7 μmol L−1 with a rate constant (k) of 2.7×10−3 min−1 which was close to the k, 9.26×10−3 min− 1, recently obtained in 15Na2O⋅15CaO⋅40Fe2O3⋅ 11Al2O3⋅19SiO2 glass.
Hydrogen applications and research activities in its production routes through catalytic hydrocarbon conversion
Authors: Baharudin Luqmanulhakim , James Watson Matthew
Published: March 2017

The statistical information on the share of hydrogen sector-wise consumption indicates that 95% of the total consumption is utilized in ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining processes and methanol production. We discuss how hydrogen is used in these processes and in several smaller-scale manufacturing industries. We also present the trend of hydrogen used as fuel, and as an energy carrier in fuel cells for generating electricity, powering hydrogen vehicles, as well as in aerospace applications. Natural gas caters for approximately half of the total hydrogen production resources. Therefore, the scope is emphasized on relatively recent developments in research activities related to the conventional catalytic hydrocarbon processing technologies for the production of hydrogen derived from natural gas (methane), which are steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of methane and autothermal reforming. Hydrocarbon decomposition is included due to its potential to be industrialized in the future, and its benefits of producing clean hydrogen without emissions of greenhouse gases and generating carbon nanofibers or nanotubes as by-products that have the potential in various emerging applications. Attention is given to the efforts toward achieving hydrocarbon conversion improvements, energy savings through thermally efficient operation and reduced operational costs through minimization or elimination of coke formation in the catalytic processes.
Is Globalization Reducing the Ability of Central Banks to Control Inflation? A Literature Review with an Application to the Euro Area
Authors: Fiedler Salomon , Jannsen Nils , Reitz Stefan , Wolters Maik
Published: March 2017

Globalization influences inflation and the transmission channels of monetary policy in various ways. The effects of globalization on the ability of monetary policy to control inflation have been discussed intensively. However, in the light of recent experiences following the global financial crisis with extended periods of disinflation in many advanced economies, the question whether the ability of monetary policy to control inflation has suffered significantly from increasing globalization has received new relevance. Based on a review of the literature, this paper discusses whether globalization is reducing the ability of central banks to control inflation and draws conclusion for the current situation in the euro area. We find that globalization has made it more complicated for central banks to ensure price stability and that it has tended to reduce the ability of monetary policy to control inflation in the short- to medium-run. However, in principle the ECB is still able to control inflation but may have to tolerate deviations from its inflation target for somewhat longer periods.
»Rape« in the Syntax of 2 Samuel 11:4
Authors: Andruska Jennifer
Published: March 2017

Scholars continue to debate whether Bathsheba was an innocent victim of David’s lust, a willing participant in an affair or a calculating seductress manipulating him into it. Many arguments have been put forward in support of her innocence, yet the meaning of various events surrounding her story continues to be debated. This article makes a unique contribution to the discussion by arguing that the syntax of 2 Sam 11,4 actually signals that this was a non-consensual sexual violation, what we call »Rape«.
Following Eye Gaze Activates a Patch in the Posterior Temporal Cortex That Is not Part of the Human “Face Patch” System
Authors: Marquardt Kira , Ramezanpour Hamidreza , Dicke Peter W. , Thier Peter
Published: March 2017

Humans follow another person’s eye gaze to objects of interest to the other, thereby establishing joint attention, a first step toward developing a theory of the other’s mind. Previous functional MRI studies agree that a “gaze-following patch” (GFP) of cortex close to the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) is specifically implicated in eye gaze-following. The location of the GFP is in the vicinity of the posterior members of the core face-processing system that consists of distinct patches in ventral visual cortex, the STS, and frontal cortex, also involved in processing information on the eyes. To test whether the GFP might correspond to one of the posterior face patches, we compared the pattern of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) imaging contrasts reflecting the passive vision of static faces with the one evoked by shifts of attention guided by the eye gaze of others. The viewing of static faces revealed the face patch system. On the other hand, eye gaze-following activated a cortical patch (the GFP) with its activation maximum separated by more than 24 mm in the right and 19 mm in the left hemisphere from the nearest face patch, the STS face area (FA). This segregation supports a distinct function of the GFP, different from the elementary processing of facial information.
Predicting Search Performance in Heterogeneous Visual Search Scenes with Real-World Objects
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Buetti Simona , Lleras Alejandro
Published: March 2017

Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that efficient visual search with a fixed target has a reaction time by set size function that is best characterized by logarithmic curves. Further, the steepness of these logarithmic curves is determined by the similarity between target and distractor items (Buetti et al., 2016). A theoretical account of these findings was proposed, namely that a parallel, unlimited capacity, exhaustive processing architecture is underlying such data. Here, we conducted two experiments to expand these findings to a set of real-world stimuli, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous search displays. We used computational simulations of this architecture to identify a way to predict RT performance in heterogeneous search using parameters estimated from homogeneous search data. Further, by examining the systematic deviation from our predictions in the observed data, we found evidence that early visual processing for individual items is not independent. Instead, items in homogeneous displays seemed to facilitate each other’s processing by a multiplicative factor. These results challenge previous accounts of heterogeneity effects in visual search, and demonstrate the explanatory and predictive power of an approach that combines computational simulations and behavioral data to better understand performance in visual search.
Genetics and Adaptation of Soybean Cyst Nematode to Broad Spectrum Soybean Resistance
Authors: Gardner Michael , Heinz Robert , Wang Jianying , Mitchum Melissa G
Published: March 2017

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is a major threat to soybean production, made more challenging by the current limitations of natural resistance for managing this pathogen. The use of resistant host cultivars is effective, but, over time, results in the generation of virulent nematode populations able to robustly parasitize the resistant host. In order to understand how virulence develops in SCN, we utilized a single backcross BC1F2 strategy to mate a highly virulent inbred population (TN20), capable of reproducing on all current sources of resistance, with an avirulent one (PA3), unable to reproduce on any of the resistant soybean lines. The offspring were then investigated to determine how virulence is inherited on the main sources of SCN resistance, derived from soybean lines Peking, PI 88788, PI 90763, and the broad spectrum resistance source PI 437654. Significantly, our results suggest virulence on PI 437654 is a multigenic recessive trait that allows the nematode to reproduce on all current sources of resistance. In addition, we examined how virulence on different sources of resistance interact by placing virulent SCN populations under secondary selection, and identified a strong counter-selection between virulence on PI 88788- and PI 90763-derived resistances, while no such counter-selection existed between virulence on Peking and PI 88788 resistance sources. Our results suggest that the genes responsible for virulence on PI 88788 and PI 90763 may be different alleles at a common locus. If so, rotation of cultivars with resistance from these two sources may be an effective management protocol.
The Interaction of Genetic Background and Mutational Effects in Regulation of Mouse Craniofacial Shape
Authors: Percival Christopher J , Marangoni Pauline , Tapaltsyan Vagan , Klein Ophir , Hallgrímsson Benedikt
Published: March 2017

Inbred genetic background significantly influences the expression of phenotypes associated with known genetic perturbations and can underlie variation in disease severity between individuals with the same mutation. However, the effect of epistatic interactions on the development of complex traits, such as craniofacial morphology, is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of three inbred backgrounds (129X1/SvJ, C57BL/6J, and FVB/NJ) on the expression of craniofacial dysmorphology in mice (Mus musculus) with loss of function in three members of the Sprouty family of growth factor negative regulators (Spry1, Spry2, or Spry4) in order to explore the impact of epistatic interactions on skull morphology. We found that the interaction of inbred background and the Sprouty genotype explains as much craniofacial shape variation as the Sprouty genotype alone. The most severely affected genotypes display a relatively short and wide skull, a rounded cranial vault, and a more highly angled inferior profile. Our results suggest that the FVB background is more resilient to Sprouty loss of function than either C57 or 129, and that Spry4 loss is generally less severe than loss of Spry1 or Spry2. While the specific modifier genes responsible for these significant background effects remain unknown, our results highlight the value of intercrossing mice of multiple inbred backgrounds to identify the genes and developmental interactions that modulate the severity of craniofacial dysmorphology. Our quantitative results represent an important first step toward elucidating genetic interactions underlying variation in robustness to known genetic perturbations in mice.
Workplace incivility in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale
Authors: Tsuno Kanami , Kawakami Norito , Shimazu Akihito , Shimada Kyoko , Inoue Akiomi , Leiter Michael P
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Although incivility is a common interpersonal mistreatment and associated with poor mental health, there are few studies about it in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale (J-MWIS), investigate its reliability and validity, and reveal the prevalence of incivility among Japanese employees in comparison with data on Canadian employees.

Methods

A total of 2,191 Japanese and 1,071 Canadian employees were surveyed, using either the J-MWIS or MWIS. Japanese employees additionally answered questions on civility, worksite social support, workplace bullying, psychological distress, intention to leave, and work engagement to investigate construct validity.

Results

At least one form of workplace incivility was experienced by both Japanese (52.3%) and Canadian (86.0%) employees in the previous month. Internal consistency reliability of the J-MWIS was acceptable (α = 0.71-0.81), and correlation analyses also confirmed its construct validity as expected. Workplace incivility was associated with lower workgroup civility, lower supervisor and coworker support, higher workplace bullying, higher psychological distress, higher intention to leave, and lower work engagement. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original three-factor model (supervisor incivility, coworker incivility, and instigated incivility) fitted moderately in both Japan and Canada data, though the privacy/overfamiliarity factor was additionally extracted from exploratory factor analysis for the J-MWIS.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggested that the J-MWIS has moderate internal consistency reliability and good construct validity.
Oral corrective feedback on L2 writing from a sociocultural perspective
Authors: Han Ye , Hyland Fiona
Published: March 2017

From the perspective of sociocultural theories, individual writing conferences between a teacher and a student offer an optimal dialogical framework for negotiating and adjusting oral corrective feedback (CF) to L2 students’ developmental levels with the aim of enhancing students’ ability to self-correct. While some empirical findings support the use of negotiated CF, little research has examined the extent to which teachers negotiate CF with their students or the way they change their CF strategies in naturalistic writing conferences, especially in the Chinese EFL context. The current case study used and adapted regulatory scales for CF developed by Aljaafreh and Lantolf (1994) and by Erlam, Ellis, and Batstone (2013), to analyse teacher talk addressing linguistic errors in two writing conferences at a Chinese university. The two teachers were found to use very different approaches to providing CF. One teacher often began with implicit CF and gradually tailored her subsequent CF after eliciting the student’s responses. Contrastingly, the other teacher often diagnosed errors and supplied correction without inviting input from the student. The findings suggested that teachers’ beliefs about feedback, their goals of having writing conferences, availability of time resources, and the curriculum focus could impact their choice to negotiate CF with students.
Managing referential movement in Asian L2 writing
Authors: Crosthwaite Peter
Published: March 2017

The introduction and tracking of discourse referents is a central feature of discourse coherence, alongside considerations for temporal, spatial and causal features. However, while much attention is usually paid to the management of temporal, spatial and causal language in L2 writing course materials and curricula, it is apparent that the appropriate management of reference in L2 writing is often overlooked. Typically associated with the label of cohesion (Halliday & Hasan, 1976), current research from pragmatics (notably Ariel, 1991, 2008, 2010) suggests that writers and readers are sensitive to the accessibility of referents in extended discourse, which is dependent on a variety of cues including salience, parallelism, number and type of competing referents, etc. The writer’s choice of referring expressions (i.e. full NP, pronoun, zero) at any given time thus reflects their belief regarding a referent’s accessibility to their intended reader. In L1 discourse, accessibility-mediated marking of reference is considered a pragmatic universal, despite different L1s marking accessibility in different ways. Recent research into L2 discourse, particularly Asian L2 discourse (e.g. Kang, 2009; AUTHOR, 2014a; Ryan, accepted, in press) has suggested that the appropriate introduction and maintenance of reference by L2 learners is problematic - despite the universal distribution of form/function found in L1 discourse – with learners often under or over-explicit in their reference management, or frequently miscommunicating entirely. This has serious implications for the overall coherence of the L2 discourse produced. The proposed paper explores the root causes of the failure of Asian EFL students to manage reference coherently in L2 writing, then focuses on how such management can be improved pedagogically. The paper proposes additions to L2 writing materials and in-class activities that would help improve L2 reference maintenance, including picture sequence descriptions, silent film retellings and collaborative writing projects designed to maximise the potential tracking of reference over extended discourse sequences.
L1-L2 translation versus L2 writing tasks
Authors: Lo Siowai
Published: March 2017

With growing interest in the relationship between translation and language learning, a number of studies have begun to examine the pedagogical value of translation and explore the best ways to utilize it in L2 classrooms. Some may doubt the need to include translation in L2 classrooms when language pedagogy is a far more wellestablished discipline. An answer to this concern requires empirical research on the role of translation in the L2 classroom. To this end, this study compares how L2 learners react to particular translation tasks and writing tasks. The findings suggest that translation tasks can yield better results than direct L2 writing tasks in encouraging and facilitating students to improve their lexis and grammar. The results also suggest that both translation and writing tasks have greater potential to prompt lexical than grammatical improvement. These findings offer new insights into alternative writing instruction and contribute to an increasing body of research on the pedagogical value of translation in L2 classrooms.
Reviewer feedback on multilingual scholars’ writing for English Publication
Authors: Adamson John Lindsay , Muller Theron
Published: March 2017

Studies into multilingual, ‘periphery’ scholars’ experiences of English publication for academic purposes suggest that they face a number of obstacles in seeking publication in EFL and applied linguistics language journals (Belcher, 2007; Canagarajah, 1996). Some journals located outside of the Anglophone center have sought to adapt their review processes to be more accommodating toward these generally less experienced, potentially ‘off-networked’ (Swales, 1996: 45) scholars (Nunn and Adamson, 2007; Adamson and Muller, 2012). Yet the literature to date tends to approach this topic from one of two perspectives; exploring the editorial, journal review process from the perspective of editors (Adamson, 2012; Belcher, 2007) or author-focused explorations of writing for academic publication practice (Lillis and Curry, 2010; Okamura, 2006). This paper seeks to bridge this gap by outlining the efforts of one Asian-based journal, Asian EFL Journal, to raise awareness among reviewers and editors of the needs of multilingual scholars and data from an investigation into Japan-based authors’ practices of writing for academic publication. How our findings can inform journal policy and implications for reviewing practice more broadly in light of reviewer and author experiences is considered.
Melhorias Logísticas em uma cooperativa de catadores de materiais recicláveis de Belém-PA: Uma proposta baseada na PNRS
Authors: Da Fonseca Emmily Caroline Cabral , Barreiros Eriton Carlos Martins , Melo André Cristiano Silva , Batista Martins Vitor William , Nunes Denilson Ricardo de Lucena
Published: March 2017

O aumento do consumo tem contribuído para o aumento na geração de resíduos. No ano de 2012, no Brasil, a taxa de crescimento na produção de lixo superou a taxa de crescimento populacional e a Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA também reflete esse cenário. Neste contexto, um elo importante na rede de reaproveitamento e reciclagem de resíduos são as cooperativas de catadores. Assim, o presente artigo propôs um conjunto de melhorias aos processos realizados por uma cooperativa de catadores de materiais recicláveis, localizada na cidade de Belém-Pa, sob a ótica da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), com vistas a incentivar o desenvolvimento mais sustentável desta organização. Para tal, o embasamento teórico foi obtido de periódicos e sites governamentais, principalmente no que diz respeito à referida Lei (PNRS) e à Logística Reversa (LR). Além disso, dados das atividades desenvolvidas na cooperativa foram coletados e analisados, resultando nas seguintes contribuições: proposição de melhorias aos processos da cooperativa objeto deste estudo, acompanhadas das devidas justificativas no âmbito da PNRS. Tais resultados propuseram ações alinhadas aos princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável, previstos na PNRS, além de geração de novos conteúdos voltados à área de Engenharia de Produção.
Um instrumento para medir a satisfação dos passageiros de um sistema de transporte público
Authors: Mattos Viviane L D , Avila Sarah Heidtmann , Figueiredo Vera Lúcia Marques De
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo propõe um instrumento, fundamentado na lógica fuzzy, para avaliar a satisfação com o transporte público, com base em estudos anteriores, na opinião de especialistas e nos resultados de dois levantamentos de dados realizados em amostras da população estudada: uma comunidade universitária. Na validação de conteúdo são utilizadas técnicas qualitativas (questionário e entrevista), enquanto a validação de construto faz uso de técnicas quantitativas (Análise Fatorial e Análise de Confiabilidade). Também é realizado um experimento para definir algumas propriedades dos controladores fuzzy: função de pertinência e método de “defuzzificação”. O instrumento final é composto por vinte itens distribuídos em quatro dimensões, a saber: atendimento, local de embarque/desembarque, veículo e segurança. Ele é considerado válido e fidedigno pelo presente estudo e pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para conhecer a satisfação dos passageiros do sistema de transporte público investigado, fornecendo subsídios aos gestores para melhorar sua qualidade.
Comissionamento de uma linha de produção no software de simulação a eventos discretos Ururau
Authors: Laurindo Quézia Manuela Gonçalves , Rangel João José de Assis , Peixoto Túlio Almeida , Tavares Eder Reis , Da Silva Fábio Freitas , Matias Ítalo de Oliveira
Published: March 2017

Objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar o funcionamento de um modelo de simulação a eventos discretos, construído com o software Ururau integrado a um controlador lógico programável para ser empregado em comissionamento de sistemas de controle. O trabalho apresenta ainda diversos testes realizados para ilustrar diferentes possibilidades de comissionamento com o software. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade do Uruaru em ser empregado com este propósito e, também, o mecanismo interno responsável pelo funcionamento da comunicação de um modelo de simulação e um controlador digital.
Tendências nas publicações em Engenharia de Produção nos eventos ENEGEP, SIMPEP e CONBREPRO
Authors: Colpo Iliane , Medeiros Flaviani Souto Bolzan , Rigo Paula Donaduzzi , Weise Andreas Dittmar
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo quantificar as publicações científicas em Engenharia de Produção nos eventos ENEGEP, SIMPEP e CONBREPRO do período de 2011 a 2015 a fim de identificar as tendências em relação à escolha da área de pesquisa por parte dos autores. Para isso, empregou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva no que se refere aos objetivos. Entre os resultados obtidos destaca-se que, por um lado, a área de Educação em Engenharia de Produção em todos os eventos e em todos os períodos considerados para fins de estudo foi a que apresentou o menor número de artigos publicados. Por outro lado, área de Gestão da Produção foi a que contou com o maior número de publicações nos eventos pesquisados. Porém, apesar do destaque da área de Gestão da Produção, as demais áreas se mostram com percentuais de publicações equilibrados, demonstrando assim, a tendência generalista da própria Engenharia de Produção sendo capaz de formar profissionais atuantes em vários segmentos com pluralidade de habilidades.
Profissionalização da burocracia federal brasileira (1995-2014): avanços e dilemas
Authors: Cavalcante Pedro , Carvalho Paulo
Published: March 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de profissionalização da burocracia brasileira no âmbito da administração pública federal. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa se propõe a responder quais seriam os avanços e dilemas persistentes no período democrático recente, entre 1995 e 2014. Após uma revisão de literatura da evolução histórica da burocracia federal, o trabalho discute dimensões centrais relativas à profissionalização do serviço público no país. Conclui-se que houve um conjunto amplo de avanços no que tange a recomposição e diversificação da força de trabalho, valorização pecuniária, aumento da qualificação, entre outros. Todavia, permanecem dilemas e desafios, sobretudo, no enfrentamento do fosso histórico entre carreiras e cargos na administração pública federal.
Legalidade ou discricionariedade na governança de bancos públicos: uma análise aplicada ao caso do BNDES
Authors: Schapiro Mario Gomes
Published: March 2017

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é avaliar o desenho institucional da relação de delegação política estabelecida na atuação do BNDES. Para isso, utiliza o referencial normativo do direito administrativo, respeitante às formas de delegação política, e trabalha com dois tipos de governança dessa delegação: a legal e a discricionária. A governança legal representa um tipo de arranjo em que os objetivos de política são delegados pelo Congresso, ao passo que na governança discricionária os objetivos públicos são definidos no âmbito do Executivo. Ambos os tipos têm diferentes vantagens comparativas para governar políticas públicas. Enquanto a legalidade favorece a previsibilidade e a publicidade, a discricionariedade enseja maior flexibilidade e menor envolvimento parlamentar. O argumento desenvolvido é o de que, em razão do ambiente institucional brasileiro, a governança discricionária tem se mostrado vantajosa. O BNDES tem sido preservado dos jogos de clientela político-parlamentar e tem garantido uma flexibilidade operacional para atuar em momentos de crise econômica. Por outro lado, essa conformação também apresenta custos, tais como: a relativa opacidade de sua agenda financeira e um menor controle social.
Routine mammography: an opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ronzani Flávio Augusto Teixeira , Kirchmaier Filomena Maria , Monteze Nathália Mussi , Magacho Edson José de Carvalho , Bastos Marcus Gomes , Fernandes Natália Maria da Silva
Published: March 2017

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate breast arterial calcification (BAC) detected on routine mammography, analyzing its association with chronic degenerative disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving women treated at a specialized outpatient clinic for high-risk hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, as well as volunteers who participated in a study to validate a method of screening for occult renal disease. A total of 312 patients between 40 and 69 years of age, with no history of breast cancer, all of whom had undergone routine mammography in the last two years, were included. The mammograms were analyzed by researchers who were unaware of the risk factors for BAC in each case. Results: The mean age was 55.9 ± 7.4 years, and 64.3% of the patients were white. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 41.87 ± 6.23 mL/min/1.73 m2. Seventy-one patients (22.8%) had BAC. We found that BAC was associated with advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and low glomerular filtration rate. In the multivariate analysis, advanced age and diabetes continued to be associated with BAC. The odds ratio for BAC was higher for all chronic diseases. Conclusion: The association of BAC with advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and low glomerular filtration rate should call the attention of radiologists. Therefore, the presence of BAC should be reported, and patients with BAC should be screened for those diseases.
Percutaneous stent placement for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction: nitinol versus elgiloy stents
Authors: Zurstrassen Charles Edouard , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Guimaraes Marcos Duarte , Cavalcante Aline Cristine Barbosa Santos , Tyng Chiang Jeng , Amoedo Mauricio Kauark , Matsushita Junior João Paulo Kawaoka , Szklaruk Janio , Marchiori Edson , Chojniak Rubens
Published: March 2017

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare two self-expanding stents, a nitinol stent and an elgiloy stent, both placed percutaneously, in terms of their efficacy in palliating inoperable malignant biliary obstruction. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 99 patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction treated with percutaneous placement of a self-expanding metallic stent at our institution between May 2007 and January 2010. Serum bilirubin and liver enzyme levels were measured before and 30 days after stenting. For all procedures using elgiloy or nitinol stents, stent occlusion and patient survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Results: All of the patients showed clinical improvement after stent placement, with no difference between the two groups. In both groups, the occlusion-free survival rate was 67% at 30 days, 37% at 90 days, 25% at 180 days, and 10% at 360 days, with no significant difference in relation to the type of stent. Conclusion: The two stents evaluated showed comparable efficacy for the percutaneous treatment of unresectable biliary malignancy, with good clinical results.
The theory of endogenous money and the LM schedule: prelude to a reconstruction of ISLM
Authors: PALLEY THOMAS I.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Money is at the center of macroeconomics, which makes understanding the money supply central for macroeconomic theory. This paper presents the Post Keynesian theory of endogenous money supply and shows how it is fundamentally different from the conventional money supply theory. The conventional approach relies on the money multiplier and bank lending is invisible. Post Keynesian theory discards the money multiplier and focuses on bank lending which drives money creation. The paper emphasizes the structuralist version of Post Keynesian theory which retains Keynes’ liquidity preference theory of long term interest rates and also recognizes banks are subject to financial constraints that limit their lending activities. The paper then shows how to derive the LM schedule in an endogenous money economy, which is a necessary prelude to reconstructing the ISLM model.
Por que o governo Dilma não pode ser classificado como novo-desenvolvimentista?
Authors: CURADO MARCELO
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Este artigo examina o papel da agenda novo-desenvolvimentista para as ações na área econômica do governo Dilma Rousseff. O artigo pretende contribuir para a área de pesquisa que examina a relevância de escolas do pensamento econômico para a política econômica no Brasil. A conclusão central é que - a despeito da elevação da intervenção do Estado na economia - nós não podemos argumentar que a agenda novo-desenvolvimentista jogou um papel importante no governo Dilma Rousseff. A ausência de uma “estratégia nacional de desenvolvimento” e de elementos essenciais da política macroeconômica novo-desenvolvimentista suportam esta conclusão.
Why was there no capitalism in early modern China?
Authors: APPEL TIAGO NASSER
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT In this paper, we ask the following question: why couldn’t Early Modern China make the leap to capitalism, as we have come to know it in the West? We suggest that, even if China compared well with the West in key economic features - commercialization and commodification of goods, land, labor - up to the 18th century, it did not traverse the path to Capitalism because of the “fact of empire”. Lacking the scale of fiscal difficulties encountered in Early Modern Europe, Late Imperial China did not have to heavily tax merchants and notables; therefore, it did not have to negotiate rights and duties with the mercantile class. More innovatively, we also propose that the relative lack of fiscal difficulties meant that China failed to develop a “virtuous symbiosis” between taxing, monetization of the economy and public debt. This is because, essentially, it was the mobilization of society’s resources - primarily by way of public debt or taxes - towards the support of a military force that created the first real opportunities for merchants and bankers to amass immense and unprecedented wealth.
A balança comercial é uma restrição ao crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros? Uma análise para o período de 1991 a 2009
Authors: BASTOS FELIPE DE SOUSA , IRFFI GUILHERME , CASTELAR IVAN
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Este trabalho investiga se há de fato uma restrição imposta pelo balanço de pagamentos - via relação entre as elasticidades-renda das importações e das exportações - sobre o crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros. Em outros termos, verifica-se a validade da Lei de Thirlwall para a economia dos estados brasileiros no período de 1991 a 2009. Para tanto, estima-se as referidas elasticidades por meio do estimador para painéis dinâmicos System-GMM, que contorna, além dos problemas clássicos de estimação, o viés de endogeneidade do painel dinâmico. Os resultados apontam para a validade da lei, visto que a elasticidade-renda das importações mostrou-se superior à elasticidade-renda das exportações.
Deflection and Flexural Strength Effects on the Roughness of Aesthetic-Coated Orthodontic Wires
Authors: Albuquerque Cibele Gonçalves de , Correr Américo Bortolazzo , Venezian Giovana Cherubini , Santamaria Jr Milton , Tubel Carlos Alberto , Vedovello Silvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: March 2017

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the flexural strength and the effects of deflection on the surface roughness of esthetic orthodontic wires. The sample consisted of 70 archwire 0.014-inch: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)-coated Nickel-Titanium (Niti) archwires (Titanol Cosmetic-TC, Flexy Super Elastic Esthetic-FSE, esthetic Nickel Titanium Wire-ANT); epoxy resin-coated Niti archwires (Spectra-S, Niticosmetic-TEC); gold and rhodium coated Niti (Sentalloy-STC) and a control group (superelastic Niti (Nitinol-NS). The initial roughness was evaluated with a rugosimeter. After that, the wires were submitted to flexural test in an universal testing machine. Each wire was deflected up to 2 mm at a speed of 1 mm/min. After flexural test, the roughness of the wires was evaluted on the same surface as that used for the initial evaluation. The data of roughness and flexural strength were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Student t-test compared roughness before and after deflection (a =0.05). The roughness of S and ANT (epoxy resin and PTFE-coated wires, respectively), before and after deflection, was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Wire deflection significantly increased the roughness of the wires S and STC (p<0.05). The flexural strength of groups FSE and NS (PTFE and uncoated) was higher compared with that of the other groups (p<0.05). We concluded that the roughness and flexural strength of the orthodontic wires does not depend on the type of the esthetic coating, but it is influenced by the method of application of this coating. The deflection can increase the roughness of the esthetic orthodontic wires.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion on Tooth Enamel Irradiated With High Intensity Lasers
Authors: Nogueira Ruchele D. , Silva Camilla B. , Lepri Cesar P. , Palma-Dibb Regina Guenka , Geraldo-Martins Vinicius R.
Published: March 2017

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on enamel irradiated with high intensity lasers, associated or not to a fluoride varnish. Eighty fragments of bovine enamel were equally divided in 8 groups (n=10). Group 1 was not treated and Group 2 received only a 5% fluoride varnish application. The other groups were irradiated with an Er:Cr:YSGG (8.92 J/cm2), an Nd:YAG (84.9 J/cm2) and a diode laser (199.04 J/cm2), associated or not to a 5% fluoride varnish. The surface roughness was measured before and after treatments. Afterward, all samples were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted by a stereoscope and the results were expressed in CFU/mm2. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey´s test compared the roughness data and the Student´s test compared the results obtained in the bacterial adhesion test (a=5%). The results showed that the irradiated samples without varnish presented the same roughness and the same bacterial adhesion that the non-irradiated samples. However, samples irradiated in the presence of fluoride varnish showed higher surface roughness and higher bacterial adhesion than the non-irradiated samples and those irradiated without varnish. Presence of pigments in the varnish increased the lasers’ action on the enamel surface, which produced ablation in this hard tissue and significantly increased its surface roughness. For this reason, the enamel’s susceptibility to bacterial adhesion was higher when the irradiation of the samples was made in presence of fluoride varnish.
Comparison of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Intraoral Radiography in Detection of Recurrent Caries under Composite Restorations
Authors: Kasraei Shahin , Shokri Abbas , Poorolajal Jalal , Khajeh Samira , Rahmani Hamid
Published: March 2017

Abstract Secondary caries is the most common cause of dental restoration failures. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional and digital intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of recurrent caries around composite restorations. mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared using bur on 45 extracted sound human molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, cavities were restored with composite resin after etching and bonding (n=15). In Group 2, 500-μm thick wax was placed over the buccal, lingual and gingival walls and the cavities were restored with composite resin. Group 3 specimens were subjected to pH cycling and artificial caries were created on the buccal, lingual and gingival walls. The cavities were restored with composite. Conventional and digital photo-stimulable phosphor (PSP; Optime) radiographs and two CBCTs images (NewTom 3G and Cranex 3D) were obtained from them. Presence or absence of caries in the cavity walls was assessed on these images. Data were analyzed using Kappa statistic. The diagnostic accuracy of CBCT was significantly higher than that of digital and conventional intraoral radiography (p<0.05). The accuracy was 0.83, 0.78, 0.55 and 0.49 for CBCT Cranex 3D, CBCT NewTom 3G, conventional and digital intraoral radiography, respectively. CBCT has a higher diagnostic accuracy than digital and conventional intraoral radiography for detection of secondary caries around composite restorations.
Evaluation of Eye Protection Filters Used with Broad-Spectrum and Conventional LED Curing Lights
Authors: Soares Carlos José , Rodrigues Monise de Paula , Vilela Andomar Bruno Fernandes , Rizo Erick René Cerda , Ferreira Lorraine Braga , Giannini Marcelo , Price Richard Bengt
Published: March 2017

Abstract The high irradiance and the different emission spectra from contemporary light curing units (LCU) may cause ocular damage. This study evaluated the ability of 15 eye protection filters: 2 glasses, 1 paddle design, and 12 dedicated filters to block out harmful light from a monowave (HP-3M ESPE) and a broad-spectrum (Valo, Ultradent) LED LCU. Using the anterior sensor in the MARC-Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics) the irradiance that was delivered through different eye protection filters was measured three times. The LCUs delivered a similar irradiance to the top of the filter. The mean values of the light that passed through the filters as percent of the original irradiance were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a= 0.05). The emission spectra from the LCUs and through the filters were also obtained. Two-way ANOVA showed that the interaction between protective filters and LCUs significantly influenced the amount of light transmitted (p< 0.001). Tukey test showed that the amount of light transmitted through the protective filters when using the HP-3M-ESPE was significantly greater compared to when using the Valo, irrespective of the protective filter tested. When using the HP-3M-ESPE, the Glasses filter allowed significantly more light through, followed by XL 3000, ORTUS, Google Professional, Gnatus filters. The Valo filter was the most effective at blocking out the harmful light. Some protective filters were less effective at blocking the lower wavelengths of light (<420 nm). However, even in the worst scenario, the filters were able to block at least 97% of the irradiance.
Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) for Nurses in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Maria Vieira , Lam Simon Ching , Gir Elucir
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: this study aimed to carry of the cultural adaptation and to evaluate the reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) for nurses in Brazil. Method: the adaptation process entailed translation, consensus among judges, back-translation, semantic validation and pretest. The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and stability (test-retest). The instrument was administered to a sample group of 300 nurses who worked in a large hospital located in the city of São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Results: through the semantic validation, the items from the scale were considered understandable and deemed important for the nurse´s clinical practice. The CSPS Brazilian Portuguese version (CSPS-PB) revealed excellent interpretability. The Cronbach`s alpha was 0.61 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85. Conclusion: the initial study showed that CSPS-PB is appropriate to assess compliance with standard precautions among nurses in Brazil. The reliability was considered acceptable. Furhter study is necessary to evaluate its comprehensive psychometric properties.
Professional nursing practice in critical units: assessment of work environment characteristics
Authors: Maurício Luiz Felipe Sales , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto , Campanharo Cássia Regina Vancini , Lopes Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira , Belasco Angélica Gonçalves Silva , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: assess the autonomy, control over environment, and organizational support of nurses' work process and the relationships between physicians and nurses in critical care units. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 162 nurses working in the intensive care units and emergency service of a university hospital. The workers' satisfaction with their work environment was assessed using Brazilian Nursing Work Index - Revised, translated and adapted for the Brazilian culture. Results: average age was 31.6 ± 3.9 years; 80.2% were women; 68.5% Caucasians and 71.6% worked in intensive care units. The nurses considered autonomy (2.38 ± 0.64) and their relationship with physicians (2.24 ± 0.62) to be characteristics of the work environment that favored professional practice. Control over environment (2.78 ± 0.62) and organizational support (2.51 ± 0.54), however, were considered to be unfavorable. No statistically significant differences were found between the units based on the scores obtained by the professionals on the Brazilian Nursing Work Index - Revised. Conclusion: autonomy, relationship between physicians and nurses, and organizational support were considered by the units to be characteristics that favored nurses' professional practices. On the other hand, control over environment and organizational support were considered unfavorable.