bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PERSONEL AVIATION SECURITY PT. ANGKASA PURA II (PERSERO) CABANG BANDAR UDARA HALIM PERDANAKUSUMA JAKARTA
Authors: Muhammad Alfurat  , Juhaeti
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi terhadap kinerja personel Aviation Security PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Cabang Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dilaksanakan pada 66 personel Aviation Security PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Cabang Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma Jakarta dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 21. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif melalui uji regresi berganda dengan persamaan kuadrat terkecil dan uji hipotesis menggunakan t-statistik untuk menguji koefisien regresi parsial dan simultan dengan level of significance 5%. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji validitas, uji reabilitas, serta uji asumsi klasik yang meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji multikolinieritas,dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tidak ditemukan variabel yang menyimpang dari asumsi klasik, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa data yang tersedia telah memenuhi syarat untuk menggunakan model persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara parsial gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja personel keamanan dengan nilai t hitung thitung 2,545 lebih besar dari pada ttabel 1,998 dan motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja personel keamanan sebesar nilai thitung 3,992 lebih besar dari pada ttabel. 1,998. Secara simultan gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja personel Aviation Security PT. Angkasa Pura II Cabang Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma Jakarta, dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 24,363 dan Ftabel 3,14. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi mampu menjelaskan variabel terikat kinerja personel keamanan PT Angkasa Pura II Cabang Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma hanya sebesar 42,1%
ANALISA FINANCIAL DISTRESS MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALTMAN (Z–SCORE) UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN (PADA PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN TERDAFTAR BEI 2016-2019)
Authors: Cipta Rai Surya , Wibowo Dedi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis financial distress dengan menggunakan metode Altman Z–Score untuk memprediksi kebangkrutan perusahaan sektor pelayaran yang terdaftar di BEI berdasarkan periode 2016- 2019. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan publikasi yang diterbitkan oleh situs www.idx.co.id dengan periode waktu tahun 2016 hingga 2019. Populasi penelitian yaitu perusahaan pelayaran yang terdaftar BEI dengan sampel data laporan keuangan tahunan selama 4 tahun berturut-turut. Teknik pemilihan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2016 terdapat 2 perusahaan berada di zona sehat , 3 perusahaan berada di zona grey dan 9 perusahaan berada di zona distress. Pada tahun 2017 terdapat 2 perusahaan berada di zona sehat , 2 perusahaan berada di zona grey dan 10 perusahaan berada di zona distress. Pada tahun 2018 terdapat 2 perusahaan berada di zona sehat , 3 perusahaan berada di zona grey dan 9 perusahaan berada di zona distress. Pada tahun 2019 terdapat 4 perusahaan berada di zona sehat , 3 perusahaan berada di zona grey dan 7 perusahaan berada di zona distress. Hal ini berdasarkandari kriteria Altman Z-Score,jika Z > 2,60 dikategorikan sebagai perusahaan sehat. Z berada diantara 1,10 sampai 2,60 dikategorikan sebagai perusahaan rawan bangkrut atau grey area.  Dan jika Z < 1,10 dikategorikan sebagai perusahaan potensial bangkrut.
PENGARUH RETURN ON EQUITY, CURRENT RATIO DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Nursiami  , Saur Costanius Simamora
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Return on Equity, Current Ratio dan Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio pada perusahaan BUMN sub sektor konstruksi yang terdaftar di Indeks IDX BUMN 20 Periode 2013-2020. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan yang telah diterbitkan oleh perusahaan dan Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan periode waktu Tahun 2013-2020. Populasi penelitian yaitu perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indeks IDX BUMN 20 dengan pengambilan sampel yaitu perusahaan sub sektor konstruksi yang masuk dalam Indeks IDX BUMN 20. Teknik pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda, uji t dan uji F untuk memperoleh hasil mengenai pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel Return on Equity (ROE) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio, sedangkan Current Ratio (CR) tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio. Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio (CR) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio. Hasil Koefisien Determinasi (R2) menunjukan bahwa variabel ROE, CR, DER memiliki pengaruh sebesar 23,4% terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio sedangkan sisanya 76,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN KITCHENPT. SUMBER RASA JAYA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Rahmanda Kamila Aisha  , Juhaeti
Published: November 2024

Sumber daya manusia menjadi unsur penting bagi perkembangan PT. Sumber Rasa Jaya sehingga perusahaan perlu memperhatikan kepuasan kerja karyawan agar karyawan dapat bekerja secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan kitchen PT. Sumber Rasa Jaya Di Jakarta menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kausal. Jumlah populasi adalah 53 karyawan, dan sampel adalah 32 karyawan dengan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kompensasi secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 31,8% ; lingkungan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 45,4% ; kompensasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 52%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 48% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN TOKO BUKU GRAMEDIA MATRAMAN JAKARTA
Authors: Ahmad Rayyan  , Atik Budi Paryanti
Published: November 2024

Untuk menghadapi persaingan bisnis dengan kompetitor usaha sejenis, Toko Buku Gramedia Matraman Jakarta harus memiliki sumber daya manusia yang kompeten untuk meningkatkan mutu dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Toko Buku Gramedia Matraman Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif asosiatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan bagian divisi pramuniaga Toko Buku Gramedia Matraman Jakarta yang berjumlah 35 karyawan. Teknik pengambilan keputusan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan non probability sampling dengan metode sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jika dilihat dari hasil koefisien determinasi maka diperoleh 73,9% kinerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja sedangkan sisanya sebesar 26,1% dipengaruhi oleh variasi variabel-variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJA DAN RISIKO KERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING MENGGUNAKAN NIOSH LIFTING EQUATION DENGAN KELUHAN UPPER BACK PAIN
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Bempa Wimprid , Maksum Tri Septian
Published: November 2024

Upper back pain (UBP) merupakan keluhan nyeri dan kaku di bagian punggung, lebih tepatnya antara leher bagian belakang hingga ke pinggang. Faktor risiko UBP meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), masa kerja, dan risiko kerja manual material handling (MMH). Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini yaitu meneliti tentang hubungan karakteristik pekerja dan risiko manual material handling menggunakan niosh lifting equation dengan keluhan upper back pain. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik pekerja dan risiko kerja manual material handling dengan keluhan upper back pain pada TKBM di PT Pelindo (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi yaitu seluruh TKBM di PT Pelindo (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Gorontalo sebanyak 50 orang. Jumlah sampel sama dengan jumlah populasi yang diambil menggunakan teknik exhaustive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan NIOSH Lifting Equation. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan keluhan upper back pain yaitu usia (ρ-value=0.000; r=0.788), IMT (ρ-value=0.022; r=0.323), masa kerja (ρ-value=0.000; r=0.813), dan risiko kerja manual material handling (ρ-value=0.000; r=0.727). Disimpulkan ada hubungan usia, IMT, masa kerja, dan risiko kerja manual material handling dengan keluhan upper back pain pada TKBM di PT Pelindo (Persero) Regional IV Cabang Gorontalo.
ANALISA STRES DAN IMUNITAS GURU KHADIJAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL DI JAKARTA
Authors: Rasheed Safira Aulia , Nataprawira Sari Mariyati Dewi
Published: November 2024

Guru, khususnya yang bertugas di sekolah berasrama berisiko mengalami stres yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan profesi lainnya, karena beban tugas yang lebih tinggi. Stres kronik dapat mempengaruhi sistem imun yang mengakibatkan peradangan kronis dan menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan yang bervariasi, dari gejala ringan hingga sedang. Khadijah Islamic Boarding School (KIS) adalah salah satu sekolah berasrama di Jakarta yang gurunya juga beresiko mengalami stres kronik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis tingkat stres dan dampaknya pada imunitas sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesehatan para guru. Metode penelitian analitik observasi ini dilakukan terhadap 37 responden guru yang diambil dengan metode total sampling. Responden diwawancara serta mengisi kuesioner mengenai tingkat stres (DASS-21) dan tingkat imunitas (ISQ) secara periodik bulan Oktober 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Data dianalisa dengan spearman-ranked menggunakan software SPSS 27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis data responden memiliki usia dengan rentang 22–59 tahun, mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (81,1%), pendidikan terakhir sarjana (89,2%), dan sudah menikah (51,4%), sedangkan analisis kuesioner didapatkan   mayoritas responden (72%) memiliki tingkat stres normal dan mayoritas (83%) memiliki sistem imun yang baik. Selama periode observasi didapatkan tingkat stres dan sistem imun yang fluktuatif dengan korelasi kuat dan signifikan kecuali pada Oktober 2023, dengan korelasi cukup (-0.583) (ρ-value = 0.001). Kesimpulan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara tingkat stres dan sistem imun pada guru KIS.
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF ENANTIOSEMIA. TYPES OF ENANTIOSEMIA
Authors: DZHUMABAYEVA Zhamila , MURADOVA Nazira
Published: November 2024

This article examines the phenomenon of enantiosemy, which implies two polar meanings in one word. Particular attention is paid to the structural and semantic features in compared languages (English, Russian, and Uzbek), examples of which are clearly shown in the tables for each language. The examples are analyzed by contrasting semes and arranged according to particular parts of speech. In addition, enantiosemy types are classified into two main subtypes: types in the language system (lexical, phraseological, interlingual, etc.) and contextual types (speech, metaphorical, interjectional, etc.). The article introduces a new type of enantiosemy – enantiosemy of address, which is justified by the cultural features of the language, namely, a highly contextual culture where kinship relations are valued above all. The present article highlights both universal and differential features of enantiosemy.
REFLECTION OF THE NATIONAL-CULTURAL WORLDVIEW IN LITERARY TRANSLATION
Authors: KARIMOVA Ominakhon
Published: November 2024

This article is dedicated to exploring the peculiarities of translating culturally specific elements and the national-cultural worldview in literary texts, using the example of the translation of Gafur Guliam’s work “Menning Ogrigina Bolam” from Uzbek to English by M.Saidumurova. The study analyzes key translation problems and methods aimed at preserving both semantic and literary value of the original text. Special attention is given to applying various translation strategies such as literal translation, transliteration, calque, and descriptive translation to convey cultural realities, idioms, and phraseological units. The impact of these methods on preserving cultural context, emotional tone, and literary devices of the original is examined. Specific examples from the translated text illustrate the challenges encountered in adapting nationally specific elements and their influence on the perception of the text by the target audience. The article emphasizes the significance of cultural and contextual adaptation in literary translation. It underscores the importance of a deep understanding of both the source and target cultures to ensure translation adequacy. The study concludes that high-quality translation requires linguistic skills and cultural competence, ensuring the preservation of the artistic and emotional value of the text in translation.
ISSR fingerprinting of genetic diversity within and among Orobanche cumana wallr. populations from different countries
Authors: Bivol Ina
Published: November 2024

ISSR fingerprinting of genetic diversity within and among Orobanche cumana wallr. populations from different countries.
[CaL3][Co(NCS)4] - potential agent for enhancing the productivity of Chlorella Vulgaris Beijer. microalga
Authors: Nedbaliuc Boris , Ciobanu Eugeniu , Grigorcea Sofia , Ureche Dumitru , Coropceanu Eduard , Brînză Lilia
Published: November 2024

The advancing of modern biotechnologies requires the development of new procedures for stimulating the biological activity of some cultures that produce substances of vital importance. Coordination compounds present an effective solution for achieving this objective. The inclusion of some biometals in the composition of the coordination compounds, as well as some organic ligands with electron-donating atoms, creates premises for the assembly of molecules that can influence biological systems. The productivity of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer., cultivated on modified nutrient media and supplemented with a coordination compound containing calcium, was evaluated. It was found that increased concentrations of this compound have an inhibitory action on Chlorella strain. A stimulatory effect was registered when the concentrations of 10 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 1 mg/L of the tested coordination compound were administered, the biomass obtained was higher by 10.8%, 7.6% and 5.4% in relation to the control group.
دور الاصلاح الاقتصادي في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في العراق
Authors: الموسوي عبد الوهاب , خليل افراح
Published: November 2024

إن إلقاء الضوء على سياسات الإصلاح الاقتصادي يمثل الارتباط العميق بين تعزيز البرامج الإصلاحية وبين أهداف التنمية المستدامة بسائر القطاعات الاقتصادية ومدى الاستفادة منها، ونظراً لهذا التشابك فلا يمكن طرح أي هدف تنموي دون التعرض لدور الإصلاحات الاقتصادية فيه، وبالتالي يصبح وضع سياسات الإصلاح الاقتصادي أحد أهم الشروط الأساسية لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، إذ يعد الإصلاح الاقتصادي أحد أهم العناصر اللازم توفرها من أجل تحقيق نمو اقتصادي مستدام فقد أثبتت الدراسات أنه أذا تحققت الإصلاحات المنشودة والحقيقية فسوف يزداد النمو الاقتصادي في العراق، من خلال ما خطط له وما تم تنفيذه وقياس فجوة الانجاز من أجل الوقوف على أسباب تعثر سياسات الاصلاح الاقتصادي وعدم بلوغها الاهداف النهائية وماهي الآليات المقترحة لإتمام عملية الاصلاح وما هي الدوافع الحقيقية لدعوات الاصلاح. في ظل مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أهمها أن التنمية المستدامة تتطلب جهود كبيرة من سياسات الاصلاح الاقتصادي من أجل تحقيق الاهداف المنشودة للتنمية المستدامة في العراق.
أثر استراتيجية التعليم على بناء قوة الدولة في العراق
Authors: الطفيلي ظلال , محمد مها
Published: November 2024

وتتمثل الرؤية بتوفير فرص التعليم للجميع بما يلبي احتياجات المواطنين العراقيين وطموحاتهم، وتوافر متطلبات المجتمع المتحضر، ويحقق تنمية مفاهيم التفكير العلمي وأساليبه والإبداع، ويحقق تنمية مبادئ المواطنة الصالحة والديمقراطية وحقوق الإنسان. أما الرسالة فتتجسد في: إصلاح نظام التربية والتعليم وتطويره بمستوياته كافة , وقد بنت الاستراتيجية مجموعة من المنطلقات لتكون أساساً لصياغة الغايات الاستراتيجية للتربية والتعليم العالي والبحث العلمي تلخصت هذه المنطلقات بتعليم يؤمن تكافؤ الفرص، وذو جودة عالية، ويسهم في التنمية الشاملة، ويحقق متطلبات المجتمع المتحضر، وجعل التعليم منظومة تعليمية فاعلة وديناميكية ويجب تطبيق استراتيجية التعليم لوزارة التربية التعليم المجاني ولكل فئات المجتمع ورعاية ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة والتطلع على مستويات التعليم على الصعيد العربي والعالمي .
نموذج الحلول المصرفية الأساسية (CBS) ودوره في تحقيق الاستدامة المالية دراسة تحليلية لعينة من المصارف العراقية الخاصة للمدة (2010-2020)
Authors: هندي علي , جاسم وسام
Published: November 2024

تسعى المؤسسات المالية على اختلاف طبيعة اعمالها وأنواعها الى تحقيق الاستدامة المالية وضمانها لأطول مدة ممكنة، ولعل أبرز ما يساعد هذه المؤسسات على ضمان الاستدامة المالية هو مواكبة التطورات التي تشهدها البيئة الخارجية التي تعمل في محيطها وتترجم تلك التطورات في بيئتها الداخلية. ويهدف هذا البحث الى تحقيق الاستدامة المالية من خلال الحلول المصرفية الاساسية وهي أنظمة الخدمات المصرفية الإلكترونية، التسويات المالية العالمية، مكافحة غسيل الأموال، أجهزة الصراف الالي. وتم جمع البيانات من التقارير المالية للمصارف المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية ولعينه مكونه من (10) مصارف وللمدة (2010-2020)، وتم اعتماد طريقة التحليل الهرمي (Analytic Hierarchy Process- AHP)، وتم التوصل الى عدد من الاستنتاجات أهما أن القطاع المصرفي العراقي يعاني من اداء متباطئ، ويتجلى ذلك من خلال مقارنة الأداء الامثل الذي تم الحصول عليه عبر نتائج تحليل الدراسة.
A Case Study on Insomnia Disease Treatment in Acupuncture at Suo-Xi Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Dr. SM. Shahidul , Li Dr. Hui Hui , Yasmin Sabina
Published: November 2024

Background: As of its popularity in eastern medicine, acupuncture treatment may help insomniacs get a good night's rest. Insomnia seems to be on the rise in the contemporary world, negatively impacting not just people's capacity to function but also their quality of life. Even if pharmaceutical therapy is beneficial, it often comes with serious side effects. The practice of acupuncture to treat insomnia has a long history in China and has recently gained widespread acceptance in the West. Numerous studies have demonstrated therapeutic uses of acupuncture for the treatment of insomnia, with many also discussing the possible processes behind the therapy. An attempt at a comprehensive overview of the relevant research will be made in this section. Methods: This research was an observational study conducted in Dhaka at Suo-Xi Hospital (Acupuncture), Shaan Tower, Chamelibagh, Shantinagar, Dhaka. A 28-year-old man presented to the clinic complaining of sleeplessness dating back three years. We used a combination of Chinese medicine and acupuncture on the patient's scalp to help them sleep better. Excellent outcomes were found in the study's subsequent follow-up. After 12 days of acupuncture, the sleeplessness that had plagued the patient for three years began to subside. Conclusion: Treatment with acupuncture has been shown to aid in the functional recovery of insomnia sufferers.
Efficacy and Safety of EPX® Biomolecule Mouthwash for Treating Chronic Gingivitis
Authors: Morales Citlali Martínez- , Flores Mara Gómez- , Rojas Maikel Hermida- , Wiley Roberto Ibarra- , Solorio Marco Arturo Moreno-
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Chronic gingival diseases are primarily caused by microorganisms present in dentobacterial plaque, which can be controlled through mechanical methods like brushing or chemically using mouthwashes. The Autonomous University of Baja California has developed a chitosan-based molecule enriched with colloidal silver nanoparticles (EPX® Biomolecule), which acts as an antiseptic and is administered topically. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EPX® Biomolecule mouthwash in the treatment of chronic gingivitis. Methods: An experimental study, phase I clinical trial, was conducted involving a randomized sample of 50 adult patients diagnosed with chronic gingivitis, treated at the Santé Dental Clinic from January to December 2022, following the acquisition of informed consent. The study comprised a case group of 25 patients treated with EPX® Biomolecule mouthwash, compared against a control group of 25 patients receiving 2% chlorhexidine oral rinse. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The majority of participants were women (54%), under 30 years of age (92%), students (58%), and had completed high school (82%). At 15 days, both treatments exhibited similar effects; however, chlorhexidine showed a marginally better response at 30 days, which was statistically significant for the Gingival Index (p = 0.01) and the Hemorrhagic Index (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in dentobacterial plaque levels, although adverse reactions were noted with chlorhexidine. Conclusions: Both treatments effectively reduced bleeding and gingival edema, with chlorhexidine demonstrating improved outcomes at 30 days. There were no differences in plaque control, and an isolated adverse reaction was associated with chlorhexidine.
Intelligent Dental Materials
Authors: G Murali, , Tamrakar Amit Kumar
Published: November 2024

In modern dentistry, the development of intelligent dental materials marks a significant innovation aimed at enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes. These materials, which dynamically respond to changes in the oral environment, include self-healing dental fillings, antibacterial properties, color-changing indicators for early decay detection, biocompatible implants, and temperature-sensitive prosthetics. This paper explores various categories of intelligent dental materials, emphasizing their potential to improve restoration longevity, promote oral health, enhance patient comfort, and facilitate early intervention. As ongoing research continues to refine these innovations, intelligent dental materials promise to revolutionize dental practices and patient experiences, paving the way for a new era of preventive and restorative dentistry.
Upekee wa Usawiri wa Wahusika Katika Fasihi Bulibuli ya Kiswahili: Mfano Kutoka Utenzi wa Shufaka
Authors: Burundi Rosemary Njeri , Mugambi Dkt. Allan , M’Ngaruthi Dkt. Timothy Kinoti
Published: November 2024

Makala hii inanuia kutathmini upekee wa usawiri wa wahusika katika ushairi bulibuli wa Kiswahii kwa kurejelea. Utenzi wa Shufaka. Utenzi huu ulitungwa zamani na Hassan bin Aluwi na una jumla ya beti 285. Kwa mujibu wa Njozi (1999), utenzi huu haujavutia utafiti wa kitaaluma tangu ulipochapishwa mara ya kwanza katika jarida la Kijerumani - Zeitschriftfur Africanishen 1887. Mswada wa pekee wa utenzi huu ulipatikana katika maktaba ya German Oriental Society mjini Halle ambapo ulihifadhiwa baada ya kupelekwa hapo na Ludwig Krapf mwaka wa 1854. Knappert (1967) aliutafsiri katika lugha ya Kiingereza katika jarida la Swahili V. 37(2). Katika utangulizi wa kazi yake, Knappert aliubainisha kama utenzi muhimu kwa sababu mbili; ni wa kale, na ni mmoja kati ya sanaa sifika ya fasihi ya Kiswahili. Moja kati ya kazi iliyoshughulikia utenzi huu ni ya Njozi (1999). Amebainisha kuwa utenzi huu ni mfano wa kazi ya fasihi iliyotungwa kwa usanii wa hali ya juu ili kuibua hisi za hadhira ambayo ni sehemu muhimu sana ya utendaji wa tendi. Kipengele cha wahusika ni muhimu katika kutunga kazi yoyote ya kifasihi. Kinashirikishwa na vipengele vingine vya kifani ili kuwezesha mtunzi kutoa maudhui au ujumbe wake. Watunzi wa kazi ya kifasihi huwasawiri wahusika kisanaa ili waweze kuwakilisha watu tofautitofauti katika maisha halisi ya jamii wanayotungia. Watunzi pia hutumia mbinu mbalimbali kusawiri upekee wa sifa na hulka zinazowapambanua wahusika ili kuweza kukidhi mahitaji ya kuwa vipasa sauti vya ujumbe wanaowasilisha. Makala hii inalenga kufafanua upekee wa sifa na tabia za wahusika waliotumiwa katika Utenzi wa Shufaka. Pia tunakusudia kubainisha kuwa, ushairi hasa tenzi huwa na wahusika waliojengwa kikamilifu kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kimtindo na za lugha. Huu ni utafiti wa maktabani. Makala hii imegawika katika sehemu tatu; sehemu ya kwanza ni utangulizi; unaotoa muhtasari kuhusu Utenzi wa Shufaka, sehemu ya pili inaangazia dhana ya wahusika katika fasihi na sehemu ya tatu wahusika
Addressing the Burden of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Authors: N Kariuki, P. , M Omariba, , M Motari, J.
Published: November 2024

The burden of substance abuse is an enormous public health issue. Globally, 1 in every 17 people 15-64 years uses at least one drug. Cannabis as the most used drug. In Kenya, 1 in every 6 people between 15 and 65 years are currently using at least one drug. The aim of this study was to determining the burden of alcohol and drug abuse in Kenya, and suggest ways of reducing the burden. A scoping review of literature was conducted through the Google Scholar according to the criteria and methodology by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). 96 studies fully met the inclusion criteria. The study concluded that Kenya faces a heavy burden of alcohol and drug abuse that causes enormous physical, mental, biological, social, spiritual, psychological, emotional, economic, intellectual, developmental and environmental sufferings, robing individuals of social and economic opportunities, imposing an enormous burden on families and the society, and negatively affecting the country’s development efforts. Recommendations for addressing alcohol and drug abuse include: enhancing awareness regarding alcohol and drug use-related harms and its consequences; advocating for healthy, balanced lifestyles; normalizing self-love, self-care and seeking help; resisting peer pressure; building resilience; fostering strong interpersonal relationships; scaling up positive parenting and strengthening families; addressing stressful situations; developing life skills; enforcement of strong measures to regulate access to alcohol and drugs; early identification and reduction of alcohol and drug use; avoiding stigmatization and discrimination; using multi-dimensional family therapy strategies; scaling up broad-based, positive, holistic, innovative, affordable and evidence-based prevention, treatment, recovery and rehabilitation approaches/interventions; including gender-responsive, trauma-informed and anti-oppressive approaches in alcohol and drug addiction treatment as well as gender-based violence interventions;
Report on Agency Survey and National Bridge Inventory Analysis for Damaged Steel Girders
Authors:   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Schissler Limo , Ahershinge Sanjana ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Ibrahim Ahmed ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Fahnestock Larry ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, LaFave James ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Elbanna Ahmed ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Published: November 2024

Bridge strikes—events where over-height vehicles impact bridge superstructures—are common across the United States and pose significant challenges for bridge owners. When a bridge strike occurs, bridge owners must assess the damage and determine what, if any, action is required. A survey of state highway agencies was conducted, and 23 responses were received. States reported general metrics about low-clearance bridges and bridge strikes, and data from the National Bridge Inventory were analyzed to provide additional insight. States also reported information about inspection, analysis, and repair practices for damaged girders. Overall, reported practices vary greatly between states and rely significantly on engineering judgement; there is potential to improve efficiency and efficacy. Results can be used to inform future research directions regarding steel girders damaged in bridge strikes, such as innovative methods for damage inspection, assessment, and repair.
O impacto da Radiocirurgia Estereoatáxica no Tratamento de Gliomas: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Martins Pinto Loiane Loah , Lopes Ledo Ana Júlia , Furtado Ferreira Anister , Bernardo Soraia , Gamalier de Paiva Rodrigo , De Oliveira Nascimento Italo Cleberson , Carvalhaes de Miranda Simone , De Souza fernandes Mariana , Pereira Filho Francisco Adriano , Martins de Queiroz Igor , Mouta Holanda Liana , Linhares Andrade da Cunha Lia , Lima da Cunha Ferreira Gomes Ana Beatriz , Araújo Pinto Nijair
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o impacto da radiocirurgia estereotáxica (RCE) no tratamento de gliomas, com ênfase na precisão e no potencial de preservação dos tecidos cerebrais saudáveis em comparação com as abordagens convencionais. Desse modo, foram utilizados como base para a seleção dos artigos e como fonte de pesquisa o Google Acadêmico, a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), a Cochrane Library e a SciELO, empregando-se os termos “Radiocirurgia estereotáxica”, “Gliomas” e “Tratamento”. Logo, concluiu-se que a RCE é uma alternativa eficaz, sobretudo em gliomas de baixo e médio grau, proporcionando controle de lesões residuais e melhor prognóstico. Ademais, nos gliomas de alto grau, a RCE se mostra promissora para recidivas, embora ainda existam desafios quanto à sua aplicação em tumores mais invasivos. Por conseguinte, avanços em tecnologias de imagem e inteligência artificial têm potencializado a eficácia da RCE e seu uso em tratamentos personalizados, apontando para uma integração promissora no futuro.
CLINICAL FINDINGS IN COMPLICATIONS AND DEATHS FROM LIPOSUCTION
Authors: Bezerra Thiago Augusto Rochetti , Ferreira Isabela Marini , Ramponi Isabela Zanella , Yamashiro Giovana Casarini , Sabbag Gabriel Queiroz , Alkamin Mariane Capeletti , Biasotti Laura Pontieri , Dantas Amanda Magdah Pereira de Azevedo , Malaquias Délio Tiago Martins , Paschoal Juliana Fontes Beltran , Careli Luís Eduardo Vieira , Toledo Júlia da Silva , Silva Julienne Fernanda Carvalho e , Silva Aline Cristina Couto da , Pigaiani Lucimara , Santos Larissa Oliveira dos , Saraiva Gabriel Leonardo , Prezotto Elisa Favareto , Lopes Talita Renata Quirino , Demarchi Gabriel , Sanches Samantha Regina G. , Careli Luís Eduardo Vieira , Carvalho Joseilton Vilela De , Pinto Jordana Duarte
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures worldwide, mainly due to its quick aesthetic results and high demand among patients seeking a defined body silhouette. However, complications and even deaths associated with this procedure have been documented. Objectives: This study reviews clinical findings and risk factors that contribute to serious complications and mortality in patients undergoing liposuction, with the aim of identifying the main risk factors and proposing safety measures for the practice.Methodology: This review was carried out by searching databases such as PubMed, Scielo and MEDLINE, covering studies published between 2000 and 2023. Articles reporting cases of complications and deaths resulting from liposuction were considered. The inclusion criteria included observational studies, case reports and systematic reviews, totaling 18 articles. Results and Discussion: Studies show that the volume aspirated, the duration of the procedure and the surgical technique are critical determinants of liposuction safety. The practice of safety measures, such as the use of modern technologies for visualization and control of the procedure, as well as the appropriate choice of patient, is essential to reduce the number of serious complications. Conclusion: Liposuction is a surgical procedure that can offer good aesthetic results when performed on carefully selected patients. However, contraindications must be strictly observed to minimize risks and ensure patient safety. Detailed preoperative assessments and postoperative follow-up are essential to reduce risks and optimize the results of the procedure.
A ABORDAGEM DAS PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS E COMPLEMENTARES NA EVOLUÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO DE USUÁRIOS DO CAPS DE ITUMBIARA - GO
Authors: Souza Anna Carolina Gonçalves , Nogueira Salatiel Figueira , Carvalho Ana Beatriz Mota de , Tassara Gomes Maria Clara , Guizzetti Thamires , Guizzetti Gabriella , Ribeiro Giovanna , Silva Vitória Fernandes da
Published: November 2024

A Reforma Psiquiátrica representou uma vitória centrada na saúde mental, e também na força de uma sociedade envolvida pelo senso de rejeição ao modelo hospitalocêntrico. As Práticas Integrativas Complementares surgiram como ferramentas do novo sistema, e o objetivo deste estudo, foi analisar o papel delas na evolução do tratamento de pacientes do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Itumbiara-GO, através de um estudo documental observacional e descritivo, com aplicação prática em campo de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando formulários de pacientes do CAPS. A partir disso, foi possível evidenciar a relevância positiva das PICS no tratamento dos indivíduos em conjunto com o tratamento convencional.
Analysis of Ghana—Nigeria Export Trade: Linkages, Impacts and Policy Implications
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Kebiru , Shaibu Ufedo Monday
Published: November 2024

This study hypothesised that the Ghana-Nigeria export trade has a significant impact on the economy of Ghana. Time series on variables of interest were obtained from the World Development Indicator (WDI) of the World Bank and the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). The 2018 input-output table for Ghana was obtained from the social accounting matrix of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, input-output analysis, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach. Through input-output analysis, this study found significant total impacts (151.585 to 190.139 million Ghana Cedis) in 2017 and 2018, centred around export commodities such as food and live animals, beverages, and tobacco. The expanding field of influence (214.373 to 268.898) and the ratio of impacts to Ghana's GDP (0.058% to 0.062%, then 0.044%) substantiate their pronounced role in the economy. The ARDL model showed that a percent increase in Ghana-Nigeria exports led to a 0.1017% increase in Ghana’s real GDP on the log-run. The speed of adjustment was 42.18% in each period. By providing support to exporters, both countries can leverage their comparative advantages, strengthen economic ties, and foster sustained growth through increased export trade.
Knowledge Regarding Malnutrition of Schools Children among Teachers of Bharatpur
Authors: Poudel Sumita , Subedi Hemnath , Sapkota Shubha Devi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health concern that affects the health, growth and development, and school academic performance of a considerable number of school children. Primary school teachers play a major role in the early identification of children’s health status. This study was conducted to find out the teachers’ knowledge regarding malnutrition of school children at government schools of Bharatpur municipality.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by using a simple random sampling technique among 150 primary school teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured self-administered questionnaires and entered in EpiData and analyzed in SPSS. A Chi-square test was used to find out the association between dependent and independent variables.
Results: Among the 150 primary school teachers surveyed, 12% demonstrated a very good level of knowledge, 35% had good knowledge, 33% had an average level, and 20% had below-average knowledge. The overall mean knowledge score was 30.12 with a standard deviation of 6.32, translating to 60% of the total mean score, indicating an average level of knowledge of malnutrition among school children.
Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, most primary school teachers had an average understanding of malnutrition. Since primary school teachers are the key personnel in recognizing malnutrition, emphasis should be placed on regular training programs and in-service education to enhance their awareness of nutrition and nutritional disorders.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of the Learning Environment in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Mamta , Dhakal Rojana , Aryal Nirmala
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The learning environment plays a crucial role in shaping the success of an effective curriculum. Students’ perception of their learning environment has a significant impact on their academic performance and behavior. This study explores the perception of nursing students regarding the learning environment in Pokhara, Nepal.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study, involving 133 B.Sc. Nursing students from Pokhara University. Data was collected through an online questionnaire created using Google Forms. The English version of DREEM (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) was used to ensure validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze sociodemographic variables, while ANOVA was conducted to investigate differences in perception of the learning environment based on the year of enrollment.
Results: The mean age of the students was 21.47±1.36 years, and the majority of them were from the Gandaki province (85.7%). The overall score for the perception of the learning environment among nursing students was 136 out of 200, indicating a positive perception among students. Notably, the academic self-perception and perception of atmosphere sub-scales were significantly associated with the year of enrollment for the study. Students felt constrained in freely asking questions and identified a lack of a sound support system during stressful times.
Conclusion: Nursing students at Pokhara University demonstrated an overall “more positive than negative” learning environment. The academic self-perception and atmosphere perception sub-scales were statistically significant based on the year of enrollment for the study. Improving the identified problematic areas in the learning environment can lead to a higher quality educational program.
Epidemiological and clinical management aspects related to urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department in elderly patients in Spain: Results of the EDEN-36 study
Authors: Salmerón Béliz Octavio José , Pérez-Fernández Elia , Miró Òscar , Aguiló Sira , Burillo-Putze Guillermo , Alquézar-Arbé Aitor , Fernández-Alonso Cesáreo , Jacob Javier , Montero Pérez Francisco Javier , Melcon Villalibre Alejandro , Cuerpo Cardeñosa Sandra , Serrano Lázaro Leticia , Caballero Martínez María , Muñoz Soler Esther , Bajo Fernández Inmaculada , Castuera Gil Ana Isabel , Hernando González Rocío , Carbó-Jordá Albert , Cabrera Rodrigo Irene , Gros Bañeres Belén , Romero Carrete Carlos , Ríos Gallardo Rafaela , Cortés Soler Alejandro , González Nespereira Emma , García García Ángel , Oliva Ramos José Ramón , Hinojosa Diaz Lucia , González del Castillo Juan
Published: November 2024

Objective. To estimate the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly patients in Spanish emergency departments (ED), the need for hospitalization, diagnostic confirmation in hospitalized patients, adverse events and the predictive capacity of several biomarkers. Methods. In this a posteriori substudy of a generic study of reasons for ED visits in elderly patients, we included patients aged ≥65 years seen in 52 Spanish EDs for 1 week, selecting those diagnosed with UTI. As adverse events, in-hospital and 30-day mortality and combined adverse event (death or hospitalization) at 30 days post-discharge were collected. Relative risks (RR) were calculated. The predictive capacity of 10 variables and 6 biomarkers was investigated. Results. A total of 25,375 patients were included, 1058 with UTI (annual incidence: 24.7 per 1000 inhabitants aged ≥65 years and year, 95%CI: 24.5-24.9). A total of 36.5% were hospitalized, and in 80% the diagnosis of UTI was confirmed at discharge. Overall 30-day mortality was 5.4% and in-hospital mortality was 3.4%. Functional dependence was associated with both events (RR:2.91;1.18-7.17 and RR:12.61;1.47-108.11, respectively), as was having a CRP greater than 100 mg/L (RR:2.24;1.17-4.30 and RR:3.21;1.37-7.51, respectively). The combined post-high event occurred in 10.6%, and was associated with functional dependence (RR:2.05;1.04-4.06). CRP and hemoglobin had significant value in predicting 30-day post-discharge mortality or hospitalization. Conclusions. UTI is a frequent diagnosis in elderly patients consulting in the ED. Functional dependence is the best factor associated with adverse events. The biomarkers analyzed do not have a good predictive capacity.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SD Bahrul Ulum Surabaya
Authors: Taseman  , Akhmad  , Aulia Puspita  , Della Puspita Sari
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve the initial reading ability of the first graders of SD Bahrul Ulum Surabaya. This research is a research using descriptive qualitative method that uses the type of research observation and interviews which then the results are analyzed descriptively. The results of this study are the steps for applying the SAS method to grade 1 students at SD Bahrul Ulum Surabaya and examples. The application of the SAS method is useful for improving the reading ability of the first graders of SD Bahrul Ulum Surabaya. The application of the SAS method is the best method in improving the ability of beginning reading skills, but in this case the teacher is required to be creative, skilled, and patient.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Sesuai Klasifikasi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus (Studi Kasus di SD Inklusi Pelangiku Jombang)
Authors: Bahrodin Ariga , Elsaputri Halida Rianti , Ul'arifah Talitha Rahma
Published: November 2024

Anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki hak memperoleh pendidikan yang bermutu dan mendapatkan layanan pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Pada anak berkebutuhan khusus yang bersekolah di SD Inklusi Pelangiku Jombang mendapatkan media pembelajaran sesuai program pembelajaran individual yang telah dirancang guru dan terapis penanggungjawabnya. Namun demikian yang perlu dipahami, penggunaan media pembelajaran pada SD Inklusi Pelangiku bukanlah hal yang utama, yang terpenting adalah kesediaaan guru untuk memperhatikan karakteristik tiap siswa serta mendengarkan dan memfasilitasi apa yang menjadi minat siswa sehingga membantu siswa mandiri sesuai potensinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media pembelajaran pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SD Inklusi Pelangiku Jombang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yakni secara kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Jenis studi kasus ini untuk memenuhi rasa ingin tahu terhadap suatu persoalan yang ada secara lebih mendalam. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan diketahui pada SD Inklusi Pelangiku Jombang dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran sesuai dengan klasifikasi anak berkebutuhan khusus, sehingga dalam proses pembelajaran setiap siswa tidak disamakan karena mereka memiliki kebutuhan yang berbeda.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media Benda Nyata Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas III SD
Authors: Gazali Munawir , Pransisca Made Ayu
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika melalui penerapan model discovery learning berbantuan media benda nyata pada siswa kelas 3 SD. Subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas 3 SDN 6 Praya tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 sebanyak 32 orang sebagai subjek penerima tindakan, sedangkan yang memberikan tindakan adalah peneliti dan guru kelas 3 SD.
Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang dimana tiap-tiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model discovery learning berbantuan media benda nyata dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas 3 SD. Peningkatan tersebut terlihat dari kondisi awal rata-rata hasil belajar hanya 51,5  dan hanya 30,77% siswa yang mendapat nilai diatas KKM, sedangkan pada siklus 1 mengalami peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar menjadi 60,15 dan 46,15% siswa yang mendapatkan KKM diatas rata-rata. Pada siklus 2 rata-rata peningkatan hasil belajar yang didapat menjadi 84,23 dan 84,62% siswa yang mendapat nilai diatas KKM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model discovery learning berbantuan media benda nyata dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas 3 SD.
Pemberian Reward dan Punishment Pada Mapel PAI Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil belajar Peserta didik Di Kelas I SD Laboratorium UNG
Authors: Firman Firmansah Kobandaha , Annas Annisa Nuraisyah
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji Pemberian Reward dan punishment dalam meningkatkan   belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pemberian penelitian tindakan kelas. Pada penelitian tindakan ini menggunakan 3 (tiga) siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri 2 kali pertemuan. Penelitiian ini menunjukan bahwa  peserta didik merasa bersemangat dalam proses belajar dan tujaun pembelajaranpun tercapai dengan efektif dan efisein.. Reward Dan Punushment  mempunyai peran penting terhadap peningktan hasil belajarpeserta didik. Peserta didik yang yang mendapat Reward dan Punishment  dengan serta merta motivasi belajarnya meningkat. Peserta didik terdorong untuk mengerjakan tugas karena adanya dorongan untuk melakukanya. Pemberian Reward ada berupa sanjungan, hadiah dari guru dan nilai. Berdasarkan temuan di lapangan saat penelitian tindakan kelas peneliti berkesimpulan bahwa  pemberian reward dan punishment dapat meningkatkan   belajar peserta didik khususnya pada mata pelajaran PAI.
Studi Kasus Rasa Kurang Percaya Diri Siswa Kelas Tinggi SDN 3 Tanjungtani Pada Saat Menyampaikan Argumennya Di Kelas dan Upaya Menumbuhkan Rasa Percaya Diri
Authors: Puspitasari Ratna , Basori Muhamad , Andri Aka Kukuh
Published: November 2024

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kurangnya percaya diri pada siswa dan menjelaskan bagaimana upaya seorang guru meningkatkan percaya diri siswa dengan tepat. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil penelitian yang diharapkan dapat membantu memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dan jalan keluar langkah-langkah apa yang perlu diambil oleh guru. Lingkup penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV dan V SDN 3 Tanjungtani Prambon. Untuk menetapkan siswa yang mengalami rasa kurang percaya diri dipergunakan aspek-aspek yang terkandung dalam kepercayaan diri antara lain: Keyakinan akan kemampuan diri, Opini, Objektif, Bertanggung jawab, Rasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus, dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dimana peneliti berusaha memahami dan menafsirkan makna suatu peristiwa interaksi tingkah laku siswa dalam situasi tertentu menurut perspektif peneliti sendiri. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kurang rasa percaya diri antara lain: konsep diri, harga diri, pengalaman hidup, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan lingkungan keluarga, 2) Cara menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri pada siswa adalah dengan memberi sebuah motivasi, melibatan siswa dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan, memberi tantangan, dan memberi apresiasi.