bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas
Authors: Koehler Birgit , Erlandsson Mårten , Karlsson Martin , Bergström Lena
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems are biologically productive and their diversity underlies various ecosystem services to humans. However, large-scale species richness (SR) and its regulating factors remain uncertain for many organism groups, owing not least to the fact that observed SR (SRobs) is strongly dependent on sample size and inventory completeness (IC). We estimated changes in SR across a natural geographical gradient using statistical rarefaction and extrapolation methods, based on a large fish species incidence dataset compiled from Swedish fish survey databases. The data covered nearly five decades (1975–2020), a 1,300 km north-south distance and a 10-fold salinity gradient along sub-basins of the Baltic Sea plus Skagerrak. Focusing on shallow coastal and offshore areas (< 30 m depth), we calculated standardized SR (SRstd) and estimated SR (SRest), and related these to sub-basin annual mean salinity and water temperature. IC was high, 98.5 %–99.9 %, in the 10 sub-basins with sufficient data for analysis. The recorded fish species were of 75 % marine and 25 % freshwater origin. Total fish SRobs was 144 for shallow coastal areas, and 110 for shallow offshore areas. Sub-basin specific SRest for coastal areas varied between 35 ± 7 (SE) and 109 ± 6 fish species, and was ca. three times higher in the most saline (salinity 29-32) compared to the least saline sub-basins (salinity 2.7). Completing information on functional attributes showed that differences along the salinity gradient reflected an increased share of coastal resident fish species in lower salinities, and a higher share of migratory fish at higher salinities. The proportion of benthic and demersal fish species was also lower in the least saline sub-basins, and increased with increasing salinity. If climate change lowers the salinity regime of the Baltic Sea in the future this may hence influence the SR and community composition of fish.
Suspended Particulate Matter drives the spatial segregation of
nitrogen turnover along the hyper-turbid Ems estuary
Authors: Schulz Gesa , Sanders Tina , van Beusekom Justus E. E. , Voynova Yoana G. , Schöl Andreas , Dähnke Kirstin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Estuaries are nutrient filters and change riverine nutrient loads before they reach coastal oceans. They have been extensively changed by anthropogenic activities like draining, deepening, and dredging to meet economic and social demand, causing significant regime changes like tidal amplifications and in some cases to hyper-turbid conditions. Furthermore, increased nutrient loads, especially nitrogen, mainly by agriculture cause coastal eutrophication. Estuaries can either act as a sink or as a source of nitrate, depending on environmental and geomorphological conditions. These factors vary along an estuary, and change nitrogen turnover in the system. Here, we investigate the factors controlling nitrogen turnover in the hyper-turbid Ems estuary (Northern Germany) that has been strongly impacted by human activities. During two research cruises in August 2014 and June 2020, we measured water column properties, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dual stable isotopes of nitrate and dissolved nitrous oxide concentration along the estuary. Overall, the Ems estuary acts as a nitrate sink in both years. However, three distinct biogeochemical zones exist along the estuary. A strong fractionation (~ 26 ‰) of nitrate stable isotopes points towards nitrate removal via water column denitrification in the hyper-turbid Tidal River, driven by anoxic conditions in deeper water layers. In the Middle Reaches of the estuary nitrification gains in importance turning this section into a net nitrate source. The Outer Reaches are dominated by mixing with nitrate uptake in 2020. We find that the overarching control on biogeochemical nitrogen cycling, zonation and nitrous oxide production in the Ems estuary is exerted by suspended particulate matter concentrations and the linked oxygen deficits.
Early Holocene cold snaps and their expression in the moraine record of the eastern European Alps
Authors: Braumann Sandra M. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Neuhuber Stephanie M. , Lüthgens Christopher , Hidy Alan J. , Fiebig Markus
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Glaciers preserve climate variations in their geological
and geomorphological records, which makes them prime candidates for climate
reconstructions. Investigating the glacier–climate system over the past
millennia is particularly relevant first because the amplitude and
frequency of natural climate variability during the Holocene provides the
climatic context against which modern, human-induced climate change must be
assessed. Second, the transition from the last glacial to the current
interglacial promises important insights into the climate system during
warming, which is of particular interest with respect to ongoing climate
change. Evidence of stable ice margin positions that record cooling during the past
12 kyr are preserved in two glaciated valleys of the Silvretta Massif in the
eastern European Alps, the Jamtal (JAM) and the Laraintal (LAR). We mapped
and dated moraines in these catchments including historical ridges using
beryllium-10 surface exposure dating (10Be SED) techniques and
correlate resulting moraine formation intervals with climate proxy records
to evaluate the spatial and temporal scale of these cold phases. The new
geochronologies indicate the formation of moraines during the early Holocene (EH), ca. 11.0 ± 0.7 ka (n = 19). Boulder ages along historical moraines (n = 6) suggest at least two glacier advances during the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1250–1850 CE) around 1300 CE and in the second half of the 18th century. An earlier advance to the same position may have occurred
around 500 CE. The Jamtal and Laraintal moraine chronologies provide evidence that
millennial-scale EH warming was superimposed by centennial-scale cooling.
The timing of EH moraine formation coincides with brief temperature drops
identified in local and regional paleoproxy records, most prominently with
the Preboreal Oscillation (PBO) and is consistent with moraine deposition
in other catchments in the European Alps and in the Arctic region. This
consistency points to cooling beyond the local scale and therefore a
regional or even hemispheric climate driver. Freshwater input sourced from
the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), which changed circulation patterns in the
North Atlantic, is a plausible explanation for EH cooling and moraine
formation in the Nordic region and in Europe.
Holocene vegetation transitions and their climatic drivers in MPI-ESM1.2
Authors: Dallmeyer Anne , Claussen Martin , Lorenz Stephan J. , Sigl Michael , Toohey Matthew , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We present a transient simulation of global vegetation and climate patterns
of the mid- and late Holocene using the MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology Earth System Model) at T63 resolution. The simulated vegetation
trend is discussed in the context of the simulated Holocene climate change.
Our model captures the main trends found in reconstructions. Most prominent
are the southward retreat of the northern treeline that is combined with the strong decrease of forest in the high northern latitudes during the Holocene
and the vast increase of the Saharan desert, embedded in a general decrease
in precipitation and vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon margin
regions. The Southern Hemisphere experiences weaker changes in total
vegetation cover during the last 8000 years. However, the monsoon-related
increase in precipitation and the insolation-induced cooling of the winter
climate lead to shifts in the vegetation composition, mainly between the
woody plant functional types (PFTs). The large-scale global patterns of vegetation almost linearly follow the
subtle, approximately linear, orbital forcing. In some regions, however,
non-linear, more rapid changes in vegetation are found in the simulation.
The most striking region is the Sahel–Sahara domain with rapid vegetation
transitions to a rather desertic state, despite a gradual insolation
forcing. Rapid shifts in the simulated vegetation also occur in the high
northern latitudes, in South Asia and in the monsoon margins of the Southern Hemisphere. These rapid changes are mainly triggered by changes in the
winter temperatures, which go into, or move out of, the bioclimatic
tolerance range of individual PFTs. The dynamics of
the transitions are determined by dynamics of the net primary production
(NPP) and the competition between PFTs. These changes mainly occur on
timescales of centuries. More rapid changes in PFTs that occur within a few
decades are mainly associated with the timescales of mortality and the
bioclimatic thresholds implicit in the dynamic vegetation model, which have
to be interpreted with caution. Most of the simulated Holocene vegetation changes outside the high northern
latitudes are associated with modifications in the intensity of the global
summer monsoon dynamics that also affect the circulation in the extra
tropics via teleconnections. Based on our simulations, we thus identify the
global monsoons as the key player in Holocene climate and vegetation change.
Machine-learning models to replicate large-eddy simulations of air pollutant concentrations along boulevard-type streets
Authors: Lange Moritz , Suominen Henri , Kurppa Mona , Järvi Leena , Oikarinen Emilia , Savvides Rafael , Puolamäki Kai
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Running large-eddy simulations (LESs) can be burdensome and computationally too expensive from the application point of view, for example, to support urban planning. In this study, regression models are used to replicate modelled air pollutant concentrations from LES in urban boulevards. We study the performance of regression models and discuss how to detect situations where the models are applied outside their training domain and their outputs cannot be trusted.
Regression models from 10 different model families are trained and a cross-validation methodology is used to evaluate their performance and to find the best set of features needed to reproduce the LES outputs. We also test the regression models on an independent testing dataset.
Our results suggest that in general, log-linear regression gives the best and most robust performance on new independent data. It clearly outperforms the dummy model which would predict constant concentrations for all locations (multiplicative minimum RMSE (mRMSE) of 0.76 vs. 1.78 of the dummy model). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect concept drift, i.e. situations where the model is applied outside its training domain and a new LES run may be necessary to obtain reliable results.
Regression models can be used to replace LES simulations in estimating air pollutant concentrations, unless higher accuracy is needed. In order to have reliable results, it is however important to do the model and feature selection carefully to avoid overfitting and to use methods to detect the concept drift.
Cyclone generation Algorithm including a THERmodynamic module for Integrated National damage Assessment (CATHERINA 1.0) compatible with CMIP climate data
Authors: Le Guenedal Théo , Drobinski Philippe , Tankov Peter
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Tropical cyclones are responsible for a large share of global damage resulting from natural disasters and estimating cyclone-related damage at a national level is a challenge attracting growing interest in the context of climate change. The global climate models, whose outputs are available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), do not resolve tropical cyclones. The Cyclone generation Algorithm including a THERmodynamic module for Integrated National damage Assessment (CATHERINA) presented in this paper, couples statistical and thermodynamic relationships to generate synthetic tracks sensitive to local climate conditions and estimates the damage induced by tropical cyclones at a national level. The framework is designed to be compatible with CMIP models’ data offering a simple solution to resolve tropical cyclones in climate projections. We illustrate it by producing damage projections in Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) at the global level and for individual countries. The algorithm contains a module to correct biases in climate models based on the distributions of the climate variables in the reanalyses.
Inclusion of flood diversion canal operation in the H08 hydrological model with a case study from the Chao Phraya River Basin – Part 1: Model development and validation
Authors: Padiyedath Gopalan Saritha , Champathong Adisorn , Sukhapunnaphan Thada , Nakamura Shinichiro , Hanasaki Naota
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Water diversion systems play crucial roles in assuaging flood risk by diverting and redistributing water within and among basins. For flood and drought assessments, including investigations of the effects of diversion systems on river discharge worldwide, the explicit inclusion of these systems into global hydrological models (GHMs) is essential. However, such representation remains in the pioneering stage because of complex canal operations and insufficient data. Therefore, we developed a regionalized canal operation scheme and implemented it in the H08 GHM for flood diversion in the Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB), Thailand, which is a complex river network with several natural and man-made diversion canals and has been subject to severe flooding in the past, including recent years. Region-specific validation results revealed that the enhanced H08 model with the regionalized diversion scheme could effectively simulate the observed flood diversion pattern in the CPRB. Diverted water comprises approximately 49 % of the annual average river discharge in the CPRB. The simulations further confirmed that the presented canal scheme had the potential to reduce flood risk in the basin by significantly reducing the number of flooding days. A generalized canal scheme with simple input data settings was also constructed for future global applications, providing insights into the maximum level of discharge reduction achievable with diversion of nearly 57 % of the annual average river discharge of the CPRB. Overall, the enhanced H08 model with canal schemes can be adapted and applied to different contexts and regions, accounting for the characteristics of each river network by maintaining the basic principles unaltered.
Modeling seasonal variations of extreme rainfall on different timescales in Germany
Authors: Ulrich Jana , Fauer Felix S. , Rust Henning W.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We model monthly precipitation maxima at 132 stations in Germany for a wide range of durations from 1 min to about 6 d using a duration-dependent generalized extreme value (d-GEV) distribution with monthly varying parameters. This allows for the estimation of both monthly and annual intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves: (1) the monthly IDF curves of the summer months exhibit a more rapid decrease of intensity with duration, as well as higher intensities for short durations than the IDF curves for the remaining months of the year. Thus, when short convective extreme events occur, they are very likely to occur in summer everywhere in Germany. In contrast, extreme events with a duration of several hours up to about 1 d are conditionally more likely to occur within a longer period or even spread throughout the whole year, depending on the station. There are major differences within Germany with respect to the months in which long-lasting stratiform extreme events are more likely to occur. At some stations the IDF curves (for a given quantile) for different months intersect. The meteorological interpretation of this intersection is that the season in which a certain extreme event is most likely to occur shifts from summer towards autumn or winter for longer durations. (2) We compare the annual IDF curves resulting from the monthly model with those estimated conventionally, that is, based on modeling annual maxima. We find that adding information in the form of smooth variations during the year leads to a considerable reduction of uncertainties. We additionally observe that at some stations, the annual IDF curves obtained by modeling monthly maxima deviate from the assumption of scale invariance, resulting in a flattening in the slope of the IDF curves for long durations.
PROBLEMS OF THE OUTER RADIATION BELT FORMATION AND TOPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIGH LATITUDE MAGNETOSPHERE
Authors:   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Antonova E.E. , Sotnikov N.V. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Vorobjev V.G. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Yagodkina O.I. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Kirpichev I.P. ,   Space Research Institute (IKI) Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Ovchinnikov I.L. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Pulinets M.S. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Stepanova M.V. ,   University of Santiago de Chile, Chile
Published: December 2021

We analyzed the problems of formation of the outer radiation belt (ORB) taking into consideration the latest changes in our understanding of the high-latitude magnetospheric topology. This includes strong evidence that the auroral oval maps to the outer part of the ring current, meanwhile the ORB polar boundary maps inside the auroral oval. Our analysis also includes the variation of the plasma pressure distribution and the time of the acceleration of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storm. It is shown that the maximum of ORB is formed after the geomagnetic storm in the region of plasma pressure maximum. The position of this maximum agrees with the prediction of the ORB formation theory based on the analysis of ring current development during storm. We emphasize the role of adiabatic processes in the ORB dynamics and the importance of the substorm injections during storm recovery phase for the formation of enhanced fluxes of ORB electrons after the storm.
НЕЙРОСЕТЕВАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ПРИЧИННО – СЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ СВЯЗИ СУББУРЕВОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ С ПАРАМЕТРАМИ МАГНИТНЫХ ОБЛАКОВ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ВЕТРА
Authors:   Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина, Бархатов Н.А. , Воробьев В.Г. ,   ФГБНУ «Полярный геофизический институт», г. Апатиты, Ревунова Е.А. ,   Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, Ягодкина О.И. ,   ФГБНУ «Полярный геофизический институт», г. Апатиты, Ундалова И.С. ,   Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты развития метода классификации образов причинно-следственной связи суббуревой активности по индексу AL с параметрами солнечного ветра и межпланетного магнитного поля для солнечных потоков типа магнитное облако (МО). Классификация выполнялась искусственными нейросетями типа слоя Кохонена. Успешность выявления конкретных причинно-следственных классов, содержащих совместные параметры причин суббуревой активности и ее развития, указывает на нелинейные характеристики связи динамики AL индекса с параметрами в теле МО. Важным является то обстоятельство, что результаты нейросетевой классификации вполне согласуются с физическими представлениями о процессах развития суббурь.
НЕЙРОСЕТЕВОЙ АНАЛИЗ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ВЫСОКОШИРОТНЫХ ГЕОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЗМУЩЕНИЙ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫХ ОБОЛОЧКАМИ МАГНИТНЫХ ОБЛАКОВ СОЛНЕЧНОГО ВЕТРА
Authors:   Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина, Ревунов С.Е. , Воробьев В.Г. ,   ФГБНУ «Полярный геофизический институт», г. Апатиты, Россия, Бархатова О.М. ,   Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, Ягодкина О.И. ,   ФГБНУ «Полярный геофизический институт», г. Апатиты, Зуборева А.А. ,   Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина
Published: December 2021

В исследовании рассмотрены особенности генерации высокоширотных геомагнитных возмущений, вызываемых оболочками магнитных облаков (МО) солнечного ветра представляющих собой горячую и плотную турбулентную плазму с сильными флуктуациями компонент межпланетного магнитного поля. Для этих целей выполнены нейросетевые классификационные эксперименты по сопоставлению динамики параметров оболочек магнитных облаков с динамикой аврорального AL-индекса еще до развития глобального геомагнитного возмущения. Результаты, полученные искусственным интеллектом, согласуются с физическими представлениями о процессах развития высокоширотной геомагнитной активности под действием турбулентной среды оболочек магнитных облаков на земную магнитосферу.
MEDIUM-TERM OSCILLATIONS OF THE SOLAR ACTIVITY
Authors:   IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow, Obridko V.N. ,   Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, St.Petersburg, Russia, Sokoloff D.D. ,   Physical Faculty, Lomonosov State University, Moscow,   IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow,   Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Pipin V.V. ,   Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Shibalova A.S. ,   Physical Faculty, Lomonosov State University, Moscow,   IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow,   Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Moscow
Published: December 2021

In addition to the well-known 11-year cycle, longer and shorter characteristic periods can be isolated in variations of the parameters of helio-geophysical activity. Periods of about 36 and 60 years were revealed in variations of the geomagnetic activity and an approximately 60-year periodicity, in the evolution of correlation between the pressure in the lower atmosphere and the solar activity. Similar periods are observed in the cyclonic activity. Such periods in the parameters of the solar activity are difficult to identify because of a limited database available; however, they are clearly visible in variations of the asymmetry of the sunspot activity in the northern and southern solar hemispheres. In geomagnetic variations, one can also isolate oscillations with the characteristic periods of 5-6 years (QSO) and 2-3 years (QBO). We have considered 5-6-year periodicities (about half the main cycle) observed in variations of the sunspot numbers and the intensity of the dipole component of the solar magnetic field. A comparison with different magnetic dynamo models allowed us to determine the possible origin of these oscillations. A similar result can be reproduced in a dynamo model with nonlinear parameter variations. In this case, the activity cycle turns out to be anharmonic and contains other periodicities in addition to the main one. As a result of the study, we conclude that the 5-6-year activity variations are related to the processes of nonlinear saturation of the dynamo in the solar interior. Quasi-biennial oscillations are actually separate pulses related little to each other. Therefore, the methods of the spectral analysis do not reveal them over large time intervals. They are a direct product of local fields, are generated in the near-surface layers, and are reliably recorded only in the epochs of high solar activity.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ 2D И 3D ПОДХОДОВ К УРАВНЕНИЮ МОДУЛЯЦИИ ГКЛ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Authors:   Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Калинин М.С. , Крайнев М.Б. ,   Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Свиржевская А.К. ,   Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Свиржевский Н.С. ,   Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН, г. Москва, Россия
Published: December 2021

В работе получено 2D уравнение путём редуцированного по долготе 3D уравнения модуляции для галактических космических лучей, которое, вследствие наличия дрейфового механизма, не сводится к обычному осесимметричному уравнению. В результате сформулировано осесимметричное уравнение со средней по долготе скоростью дрейфа, дополненное слагаемым, имеющим форму источника и пропорциональным дрейфовому коэффициенту. На примере численного решения 3D уравнения модуляции для галактических протонов делается оценка точности источника 2D уравнения. Проводится обсуждение результатов и перспективы более адекватного учёта в 2D уравнении вклада дрейфов вдоль гелиосферного токового слоя в 3D уравнении.
ON THE POSSIBLE ORIG IN OF INTERNAL (2 3 HZ) MODULATION OF PULSATING AURORAS
Authors:   Polar Geophysical Institute RAS, Apatity, Russia, Safargaleev V. ,   Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia, Sergienko T. ,   Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, Hosokawa K. ,   University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, Ogawa Y. ,   National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan, Miyoshi Y. ,   Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Oyama S.-I. ,   University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan,   Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Kurita S. ,   Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Fujii R. ,   Research Organization of Information and Systems, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Published: December 2021

Data of three all sky cameras in Kiruna and Tjautjas (Sweden) were used for estimation of altitude of pulsating arc like forms and investigation of so called internal modulation (2 3 Hz) during the ON phase of a few second pulsations. It is found that for two closely spaced arcs, internal modulation took place only in the lowest arc. Based on this finding , an explanation is proposed due to the pulsations of anomalous resistance in the field-aligned current associated with a pulsating structure appart to the traditional mechanism of particle scattering by VLF waves.
АВТОМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ВЫСОКОШИРОТНЫХ ИОНОГРАММ CADI: ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ СЛОЕВ E, ES, F1 И F2
Authors:   ФГБУ «Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт», Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Долгачева С.А. , Николаев А.В. ,   ФГБУ «Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт», Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Макарова Л.Н. ,   ФГБУ «Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2021

Настоящее исследование является продолжением цикла работ, посвященных внедрению искусственных нейронных сетей в автоматическую обработку высокоширотных ионограмм вертикального зондирования ионосферы. Возможности разработанных ранее нейросетевых моделей были ограничены определением типов Es и F2 ионосферных слоев. К настоящему моменту удалось обучить искусственные нейронные сети различать слои E, Es, F1 и F2, типы слоя Es, тип диффузии слоя F2 (F, P, Q, L) и определять их числовые параметры. Эффективность моделей оценивалась с помощью тестовой выборки, содержащей примерно 60000 ионограмм. Точность определения слоёв E, Es, F1, F2 с помощью наиболее эффективной модели в настоящий момент достигает 91%.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИОНОСФЕРЫ НАД БАРЕНЦЕВЫМ МОРЕМ
Authors:   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Рогов Д.Д. , Барышев П.Е. ,   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Калишин А.С. ,   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Николаев А.В. ,   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Новиков С.В. ,   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Угрюмов Ю.В. ,   Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2021

В декабре 2019 года в п. Баренцбург (арх. Шпицберген) в тестовом режиме был установлен приемный комплекс наклонного зондирования ионосферы. Данный пункт был включен в общую систему мониторинга условий распространения радиоволн в Российской Арктической зоне, поддерживаемую специалистами отдела геофизики ФГБУ «ААНИИ». Представлены примеры данных и результаты исследования параметров ионосферы и распространения радиоволн над акваторией Баренцева моря в различных геофизических условиях.
Evaluation of Clinical Students' Perspectives and Satisfaction Levels on Practical Practices at the Faculty of Dentistry of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sarıkaya Işıl
Published: December 2021

Aim: It was aimed to reveal the perspectives and satisfaction levels of 4th and 5th grade-clinical students who go on practice education at Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Dentistry in the 2020-2021 Academic Year. Methods: Within the scope of the study, 146 students in total, who did their face-to-face internship between October 5 and December 11, 2020, were asked to participate in an online survey with 10 questions. Clinical students were asked about their perspective on Covid-19 infection, whether they felt safe in their dental practice, their families' level of anxiety about their internship, and whether they voluntarily chose dentistry. Results: According to the survey results; 15.1% of the students agree (TA), 27.4% agree (A), 37% partially agree (PA), 13% disagree (D) with the statement “I am pleased to have internships since the beginning of the term” 7.5% of them answered, “Strongly disagree” (SD). Pearson’s chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the answers given by 4th and 5th-grade students to the first 9 questions of the questionnaire consisting of the same questions. According to the survey results, it was also observed that most students chose the dentistry profession of their own will (TA 39%, A 36.3%, PA 13.7%). The number of students who think they feel safe in terms of infection control during their internship is 60% in total (TA 5.5%, A 17.1%, PA 37.7%). Conclusion: Despite the increasing number of cases until today, it is thought that the process has been successfully managed and that the students have gained experience in practical training, albeit limited.
Natural history of inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison between the East and the West
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Yang Suk-Kyun
Published: December 2021

Over the past decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia. The natural history of IBD in Asian patients could be different from that in Western patients due to variations in disease phenotypes and genotypes as well as the healthcare environment between the 2 populations. To adequately cope with this disease, it is important to fully understand the potential differences in its natural history among different populations. In this review, we evaluated the differences in the clinical course of IBD between Asian and Western patients with regards to phenotypic progression, hospitalization, major surgery, risk of colorectal cancer, and mortality, mainly based on the results of population-based studies. The findings of our narrative review suggest that the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD, especially ulcerative colitis, is better than that of Western patients, as indicated by the lower rates of major surgery and hospitalization. In addition, similar to Western patients, the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD has been improving as evidenced by the decreasing rates of disease behavior progression (in Crohn’s disease), hospitalization, and major surgery.
New data on the stratigraphy of the Paleogene in Solnik area, Eastern Bulgaria
Authors: Valchev Boris , Dimitrov Hristo
Published: December 2021

Based on lithostratigraphic reinterpretation of five borehole sections and lithostratigraphic interpretation of two seismic profiles, new data on the Dvoynitsa Formation’s lithology, subdivision and spatial distribution were obtained. The Armera and Gebesh Members were recognized in the area of the villages of Solnik and Bardarevo, as their spatial relationships and distribution are visualized by drawing up of four geological cross-sections.
Ore mineralogy and mineral chemistry of quartz-chalcopyrite veins from the Krusha ore occurrence, Western Srednogorie, Bulgaria
Authors: Sabeva Ralica
Published: December 2021

The Krusha ore occurrence is located in the western part of the Srednogorie zone. The quartz-chalcopyrite veins are hosted by altered basaltic andesites. The styles of alteration are propylitic, sericitic, argillic and advanced argillic. The ore veins consist mainly of chalcopyrite, quartz and carbonates. Native copper is observed as single grains. Chalcopyrite is with high contents of Se. Au is up to 3.13 ppm with average contents of 1.43 ppm.
Debris flows and debris floods occurrence in the Ribnishka River watershed (southern slopes of Ograzhden Mountain)
Authors: Dotseva Zornitsa , Vangelov Dian , Gerdjikov Ianko
Published: December 2021

The Ribnishka River watershed, located on the southern slopes of Ograzhden Mountain is known for the repeated torrential events in the last few decades. In this paper, we represent a preliminary assessment of the debris floods and debris flows hazard in the Ribnishka River watershed. For this purpose, the topographic conditions in the watershed are considered, the source, transport, and deposition zones are characterized, as well as the observed sediment deposits in the river valley. The obtained results could be used in the development of risk management plans, but also provide new information on the development of debris floods and debris flows in this part of the country.
Accuracy of Meningitis Bacterial Score (MBS) as an indicator in establishing the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in adults
Authors: Palupi Imas R. , Sugianto Paulus
Published: December 2021

Bacterial meningitis persists as a worldwide threat contributing to high mortality and morbidity rate, where differentiating bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis is key for better management and outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to assess the Bacterial Meningeal Score (BMS) as a tool for early diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional method using medical records of patients with meningitis and meningoencephalitis who were hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, from January 2018 to September 2021. Data of demographics, clinical, laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile and culture were collected. The diagnostic performance of the BMS in diagnosing acute bacterial meningitis was evaluated by its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR +) and negative likelihood ratio (LR -). A total of 128 patients who had been diagnosed with meningitis and meningoencephalitis were included. Out of total patients, 53 samples were diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis as confirmed by CSF culture. The sensitivity and specificity of BMS with cutoff >2.5 in diagnosing acute bacterial meningitis were 92.4% and 92.0%, respectively with PPV 89.1% and NPV 94.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) of BMS in diagnosing of acute bacterial meningitis was 95.6% (95%CI: 92.3%, 99%). A BMS score of greater than 2.5 indicates a high likelihood of acute bacterial meningitis, whereas a score less than 2.5 indicates a low likelihood.
Experience of Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital in extravesical ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients
Authors:   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Rawiyotai Wittawat , Mahawong Phitsanu ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Chongruksut Wilaiwan ,   Center of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: December 2021

Objective: The most commonly used technique for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) treatment in pediatric patients in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital is extravesical ureteral reimplantation (EUR). This report describes our experience of clinical outcomes of this technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 children underwent EUR for unilateral and bilateral VUR between July 2007 and June 2015. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records. Patient characteristics, operative time, duration of catheter drainage, length of postoperative hospital stay, and perioperative complications were evaluated. Results: Twenty-two boys and 8 girls with a mean age of 4.4 years (range, 0.5-14.6) were included in the study. Reflux was graded 1 to 5. Fourteen unilateral and 16 bilateral procedures were performed. A Pfannenstiel incision was implemented in the first 20 cases and inguinal incision in the last 10 cases. Mean operative time was 115.5 minutes. Mean duration of catheter insertion was 5.7 days. Mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.1 days and mean estimated blood loss was 28.7 ml. Overall success rate was 90%. One patient (3.3%), developed a post- operative urinary tract infection, while 3 cases had persistent VUR after surgery. Acute urinary retention occurred in 1 patient (3.3%) on postoperative day 4 but following catheterization the patient was able to urinate by day 7. Conclusion: EUR for the treatment of VUR is a simple, safe, and effective procedure. The prevalence of postoperative urinary retention in bilateral reimplantation is low and transient. The inguinal approach is a viable option and as effective as classical procedures.
Gynecologic organ involvement and incidental gynecologic organ neoplasms in female patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder undergoing anterior pelvic exenteration in Rajavithi Hospital
Authors:   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Wattanayingcharoencha Keerati i , Gosrisirikul Chawawat ,   Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the pathological data of the bladder and gynecologic organs obtained from anterior pelvic exenteration and review the incidence of gynecologic organ involvement and primary gynecologic tumor. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological data of 70 patients who were diagnosed with bladder transitional cell carcinoma and underwent anterior pelvic exenteration in Rajavithi Hospital between January 2008 and October 2020 were analyzed to examine and determine any correlations. Results: Thirteen (18.5%) patients had gynecologic organ involvement. This consisted of 4 cases (5.7%) involving the uterus, 7 (10%) involving the vagina, 2 (2.8%) involving the ovaries, and 10 (14.2%) involving the cervix. Female patients with gynecologic organ invasion were more likely to have a high pathological T stage (p < 0.001), and have pre-operative hydronephrosis (p = 0.002). From multivariate logistic regression, pre-operative hydronephrosis was associated with increased risk of gynecologic organ invasion (odds ratio 9.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.86 - 49.18; p = 0.007). There were 23 (32%) female patients incidentally diagnosed with benign gynecologic tumors, specifically 16 (22%) cases of myoma uteri, 7 (10%) of adenomyosis and 4 (2.8%) with ovarian cysts. No patient was diagnosed as having primary gynecologic malignancy. Conclusions: The incidence of gynecologic organ involvement in female patients who had undergone anterior pelvic exenteration for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was 18.5%. Pre-operative hydronephrosis was a risk factor associated with increased risk of gynecologic organ involvement. Information from this study may allow better identification of candidates for gynecologic organ sparing surgery.
«Успение Богородицы» в средневековом искусстве Армении и Руси
Authors: Манукян Сейрануш
Published: December 2021

The article investigates parallel identical phenomena in Armenian and Russian art – phenomena, reflecting similar processes, which characterized the development of Eastern Christian art in widely separated territories independently of each other, rather than arose from mutual influence. In the context of studying the origins and development, common features of iconography of “Assumption of the Virgin Mary” in Armenian and Russian art are considered, namely, the iconographic version of this scene with the episode of Prophesy of Sophonias (Avphonius), this being conditioned by the tendency to expand and enrich iconographic canons with narrative and didactic elements, thereby to more freely include non-canonical Apocryphal texts as sources of iconography.
Ազգային մշակույթի պահապանը. Պետրոս Ալահայտոյան
Authors: Հակոբյան Անի
Published: December 2021

The article describes the life and career of one of the key figures of Armenian national music, the folklorist, musicologist, conductor and social activist Bedros Alahaidoyan. A pupil of Barsegh Kanachyan, upon specialization in musicology in Brussels, he started working for the Brussels State Radio. In 1985, B. Alahaidoyan left Brussels to visit the Armenian communities in Europe, Syria and the USA, the retirement homes in those communities. He used these trips to make audio recordings, collect valuable ethnographic and other fact-based materials – 430 tape recorder cassettes and 125 reel-to-reel tapes in total, which he submitted to NAS RA Institute of Arts.
Contributions of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses to Nursing Education, Research, and Practice
Authors: Cañón-Montañez Wilson
Published: December 2021

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are helpful methodological alternatives that combine, discuss, and assess the quality of the best available evidence through adequate and exhaustive searches of the literature. In the last decade, there has been an increase in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nursing research. This article intends to reflect on the contributions of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to nursing education, research, and practice. Synthesizing the evidence through high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses adds to the disciplinary development of nursing; therefore, students and professionals in the field should be encouraged to employ these methodological tools in education and research and implement the results of these methods in clinical practice for making better decisions regarding the individual needs of patients.
Effects of a Healthy Habit Promotion Strategy on Colombian Schoolchildren
Authors: Ospina Romero Angélica María , Carvajal Carrascal Gloria , Chinchilla Salcedo Tania Catalina , Niño Hernández César Augusto , Sarmiento González Paola , Mayorga Alvarez Humberto
Published: December 2021

Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) show an increasing tendency, especially in low- and medium-income countries. It is necessary to develop and evaluate strategies to strengthen healthy habits at an early age in these countries. Objective: To determine the effect of the health promotion strategy “United for Healthier Kids” (U4HK) on health lifestyle habits of a group of Colombian schoolchildren for the 2018-2020 period. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study features treatment and control groups and pre- and post-intervention measurements. The study involved 1,011 schoolchildren between six and twelve years old from seven rural and urban schools of the Sabana Centro region of Colombia. We used the Healthy Habits Measurement Tool, previously validated in Colombia. Results: When comparing within and between groups, the UHK strategy showed statistically significant differences in healthy habits (p < 0.05) related to nutrition and physical activity in schoolchildren. Conclusions: The U4HK strategy had a positive effect and impact on the schoolchildren’ healthy habits, especially in the ‘chooses to drink water’ and ‘moves more’ components. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups in four out of the five categories: drinks more water, chooses nutritios and varied options, eats and cooks as a family, and moves more. The U4HK strategy responds to current and future health problems in schoolchildren and helps prevent chronic diseases. It could be replicated in similar populations.
Hardware and projective research techniques in neuroeducation: issues and perspectives in application
Authors: Абабкова М.Ю. , Розова Н.К.
Published: December 2021

Цифровая трансформация и переход от компетентностного к метапредметному подходу в обучении требуют освоения новых объективных исследовательских методов в образовании. Когнитивные исследования, в том числе использующие высокотехнологичные методики и нейротехнологии, повышают исследовательский и учебный потенциал образовательной организации.

Digital transformation and the transition from a competence-based to a meta-subject approach in education require the development of new objective research techniques in education. Cognitive research done with high-tech techniques and neurotechnologies contributes to the research and educational capacity of an educational organization.
‘That’s me in the photo’ – Photography as a critical pedagogy technique in legal education
Authors: Kozlina Simon
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight the opportunities for incorporating photography into a law subject and to examine the implications of that teaching practice from a critical pedagogy perspective. The article reflects on Susan Sontag’s 1977 work, On Photography, in particular her examination of the nature and impact of photography, and explores key aspects of critical pedagogy, especially the notion of bridging the gap between education and everyday life, to create a conceptual foundation for examining four classroom-based activities involving photography in a law subject. The conclusion of the article emphasises the significant ways in which photography adds meaning and substance to a critical pedagogy approach to legal education.
Rezension von: Joel F. Harrington: Die Ehre des Scharfrichters. Meister Frantz oder ein Henkersleben im 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kohl Herbert
Published: December 2021

Joel F. Harrington: Die Ehre des Scharfrichters. Meister Frantz oder ein Henkersleben im 16. Jahrhundert. München (Siedler) 2014. 400 S., mehrere Abb.
Rezension von: Peter Rückert / Monika Schaupp (Hg.): Repräsentation und Erinnerung. Herrschaft, Literatur und Architektur im Hohen Mittelalter an Main und Tauber
Authors: Bittel Christoph
Published: December 2021

Repräsentation und Erinnerung. Herrschaft, Literatur und Architektur im Hohen Mittelalter an Main und Tauber. Hg. von Peter Rückert und Monika Schaupp in Verbindung mit Goswin von Mallinckrodt. Stuttgart (Kohlhammer) 2016. 329 S., Abb.
Rezension von: Joseph Leo Koerner: Die Reformation des Bildes
Authors: Göpfert Eberhard
Published: December 2021

Joseph Leo Koerner: Die Reformation des Bildes. München (C.H. Beck) 2017, 589 S., zahlr. Farbtafeln und Abb.
Rezension von: Dieter Fauth: Wertheim im Nationalsozialismus aus Opferperspektiven. Gedenkbuch zum Projekt Stolpersteine
Authors: Keukeler Thomas
Published: December 2021

Dieter Fauth: Wertheim im Nationalsozialismus aus Opferperspektiven. Gedenkbuch zum Projekt Stolpersteine. Zell am Main (Religion & Kultur) 2013. 764 S., Abb.