bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pretreating in vitro matured of native Thai cattle oocyte with docetaxel before vitrification on their viability
Authors: Pitchayapipatkul J
Published: May 2021

The present study was to investigate the efficacy of docetaxel (DT) at reducing microtubule damage during vitrification and maintaining the developmental competence of vitrified-warmed oocytes in native Thai cattle. Native Thai cattle cow oocyte from ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration (UTFA) were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM). Then, the IVM oocytes were pretreating with DT in various concentration (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 µM) and subjected to cryopreservation by Cryotop vitrification method. The survival rate of vitrified-warmed oocyte, cleavage and blastocyst formation rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and blastocyst nucleic cell numbers were evaluated in this study. Pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05 µM DT before vitrification resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) rates of oocyte survival and cleavage after IVF, and subsequent blastocyst formation on Days 7-8, hatching and hatched on Days 8-9, compared with oocytes pretreated with 0.5 and 1.0 µM DT before vitrification or those vitrified and the control group. Pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 µM DT before vitrification without side effects on blastocyst nucleic cell numbers. In summary, pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05 μM DT before vitrification improved survival of vitrified-warmed oocytes, fertilization and developmental competence.
Weeds diversity in oil palm plantation at Segamat, Johor
Authors: Ali N B M , Karim M F A , Saharizan N , Adnan N S , Mazri N H , Fikri N A , Amaludin N A , Zakaria R
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to study weeds composition and diversity with regards to management practices at three oil palm plantations in Segamat, Johor. Using nested quadrat sampling approach, a total of 19 families, 35 genera, 43 species and 4465 number of individuals of weeds species were found and recorded from the three plantations. The Shannon diversity index, H’ was 3.45 whereas the Evenness index, EH for the overall weeds species was 0.92. The highest weed diversity was observed at Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm plantation (H’=3.11) located at the lowest elevation with the least herbicide application and pruning practices followed by Kg. Logah (H’=3.07) and Felda Medoi (H’=2.83). The overall species evenness for this study area was 0.92 indicating that the species distribution was relatively high in monoculture system. At Kg. Logah, the species evenness was almost totally even (EH=0.98) followed by Kg. Sri Rahmat (EH=0.97) and Felda Medoi (EH=0.93). Both family Poaceae and Rubiaceae contributed to the highest species richness within the study area. Therefore, the composition and diversity of weeds recorded from this research was relatively high. There were several factors that could potentially affect the weeds diversity such as farming system, age oil palm plantation, pruning treatment (canopy), management through usage of herbicide, type and usage of fertilizer and location of oil palm plantation based on different elevations. This study is essential for sustaining oil palm production through successful weed control using diversity data and management histories as an indicator.
An overview of the internet of things (IoT) and irrigation approach through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jusoh M F , Muttalib M F A , Krishnan K T , Katimon A
Published: May 2021

This study evaluates the status of the internet of things (IoT) application in irrigation practices by focusing on the research direction, leading countries and productive researchers. The data from this study was extracted from the Scopus database and analysed using a Publish or Perish and a VOSviewer software for citation analysis and bibliometric map, respectively. The present study reveals that rapid increment of the articles in the subject area began in year 2016 and continues growing until today. India become the most productive country (n = 271), followed by China (n = 88), Indonesia (n = 41) and Malaysia (n = 32) in this topic. The most three prolific authors in this subject area are Wenyan Wu (Birmingham City University, UK), Steve Attard (AgriTech Solutions, Australia), and Yvette Everingham (James Cook University, Australia). This study gives insights into an overview of current and frontier research in the application of the IoT in irrigation related approach. It provides an idea to researcher to contribute the knowledge in under explored research domain.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of an edible Aroid, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Authors: Nur-Hadirah K , Arifullah M , Nazahatul A A , Klaiklay S , Chumkaew P , Norhazlini M Z , Zulhazman H
Published: May 2021

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott is an edible aroid from the family of Araceae. It is a tuber crop which is known for its variety of cooking preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the Total Phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) scavenging assay. Methanol fraction showed the highest TPC, whereas the extract obtained using 95% ethanol showed the highest inhibition in DPPH scavenging assay and IC50 values of 308 µg/mL. These results indicate that C. esculenta has antioxidant activity with high phenolic contents which can be consumed as a functional food to increase health benefits and lower the risk of diseases.
Assessment of CO2flux from peat soil under simulated groundwater level and monthly rainfall for sustainable water management in a tropical oil palm plantation
Authors: Irawati W , Pulunggono HB , Sudadi U
Published: May 2021

Sustainable production of oil palm plantation in tropical peat land is determined by ground water level and rainfall as the important factors controlling the carbon balance. It is not easy to set up a stable groundwater level (GWL) in the field and even more impossible for the monthly rainfall (MRF) to get CO2flux data as the basis for determining technical aspects of water management. This research was aimed to obtain basic CO2flux data under simulated stable GWL and MRF from tropical peat materials of an Indonesian oil palm plantation. The experiment was conducted by applying CRD with those 2 factors as the treatments for 3 months period of greenhouse experimentation. There was no significant interaction effect of the GWL and MRF treatments. The single effect of GWL treatment at −40 cm produced the significant lowest monthly CO2flux with an average of 18.26 t.ha−1.year−1after 3 months experimentation, while that of MRF at 300 mm.month−1resulted in the significant lowest CO2flux of 24 t.ha−1.year−1after 2 months experimentation. It can be recommended that the GWL should be set up in the field at around –40 cm to get the best control on CO2flux.
Growth of chilli plant (Capsicum annuum L.) treated with combined organic and inorganic fertilizer with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rivitra V , Thevan K , Norhafizah M Z
Published: May 2021

Biofertilizers are highly recommended, and widely explore its potential in agriculture. Combinations of fertilizers were treated on chili (Capsicum annuum L.). An experiment was conducted at Sik, Kedah, to study the growth performance of chili plants by combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer with biofertilizer. Eleven different fertilization treatments were conducted on Cili Kulai 1033, where Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incorporated as biofertilizer in nine of the treatments. The fertilization treatments were T1 (Control): (No manure + No fertilizer); T2 (NPK[12-12-17] + Poultry Manure [PM]): (5 g + 10 t/ha); T3 (NPK + PM + S. cerevisiae): (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T4 (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); T5 (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L); T6 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T7 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); T8 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L); T9 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T10 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); and T11 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L). It was found that T11 significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of chili. Similarly, T11 gave the highest mean value in terms of plant height at 15, 45, and 75 days after transplanting (DAT) with 7.87, 22.66, and 57.39 cm. Meanwhile, at the same concentration and DAT, the mean value of the leaves number was 5.6, 21.6, and 56.6, respectively. However, T10 showed the maximum leaf area at 75 DAT with 59.40 cm2. Overall, T11 consistently enhanced the chili growth compared to the standard treatment, T2. It suggests that T11 incorporated with S. cerevisiae can be applied as a biofertilizer in chili cultivation.
Development of mobile-based apps towards smart farming technology in Agro Innovation Park (Tagrinov) Management
Authors: Wahyudi D , Ubaidilah M , Ratnawati D , Sholihah W , Tresnawati T
Published: May 2021

As an effort to optimize the use of smart farming technology aimed at increasing efficiency in agriculture, a study was carried out at Agro-Innovation Park (Tagrinov), a place for education and learning of innovative home yard utilization concept. The smart farming applied in Tagrinov were irrigation control systems, pH and nutrition control systems of hydroponic plant, and temperature and humidity control in aeroponic systems. Those three monitoring and controlling systems were integrated in the mobile apps called Tagrinov 4.0. The deployment of control mechanism involved some systems, namely communication testing of android application using firebase server for irrigation; the Arduino Mega 2560 for pH level and nutrition control of hydroponic plant, and the Arduino Uno, DHT22 and DS18B20 sensors for temperature and humidity control of the aeroponic system. The test results showed some advantages of smart farming application in Tagrinov. Irrigation control system using internet network can be easily carried out by users. Arduino makes the system automatic, the pH sensor works as pH meter, the nutrients turn on and off when the pH value and nutrients are appropriate. The aeroponic sensor system read the temperature and humidity in the parent seed nursery, to activate the sprayer and makes the water become mist. All smart farming technologies were operated through mobile apps making these systems more efficient.
Residual effects of calcium amendments on oil palm growth and soil properties
Authors: Husain S H , Mohammed A , Ch’ng H Y , Khalivulla S I
Published: May 2021

Residual liming is one of the measures of the efficacy of liming materials. Ca2+-amendments such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soils may contribute to plant growth response in plant height and total dry matter yield of oil palm seedlings. The increasing of other essential elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and ions of potassium (K+) also play a great role in the plant growth and crop yield, conversely, the soil pH and ions of aluminium (Al3+) will inhibit the plant growth and crop yield. This main aim this experiment is to determine the residual liming effect of Ca2+-amendments to highly acidic soils collected from Jeram and Bungor series, Malaysia, which also contains 2 times of Al3+. The highly acidic soils of previously planted with oil palm seedlings initially incubated with selected Ca2+-amendments along with Mg2+-amendments such as, dolomite (CaMg.CO3) for 360 days and, kept for additional 180 days before planting for a total of 540 days in a greenhouse environment. In this experiment, the soil chemical analysis, plant growth response, and the possible mechanisms responsible for the Ca2+-amendment liming effects were measured. The results of the soil chemical analysis showed that Ca2+-amendment residues potentially reduced the soil acidity than Mg2+-amendments. Ca(OH)2 was the most prominent Ca2+-amendment to increase soil-water pH, soil solution pH, and concentrations of soluble Ca2+ and K+. While, concentration of soil solution and exchangeable Al were effectively reduced 540 days after the application of Ca-amendments. The dry shoot weight of the oil palm seedlings improved about 1.67 g/pot and 16.87 g/pot in control and Ca2+-amendment treatments, respectively. In this study, it has showed that the root dry weight of oil palm seedlings increased from 0.18 g/pot to 4.49 g/pot in pot and Ca2+-amended soil, respectively. Increased plant height and total dry matter yield of oil palm seedlings grown on the Ca-amended soils may be attributed to increased soil pH which resulted in lowered concentration and activity of soluble AI, and increased concentrations of soil solution Ca and K which were released of Ca. This finding concluded that the possible mechanisms of Ca2+-amendments from residual liming might be: a) complexation interaction between Al3+ and Ca2+; (b) capacity of Ca-amendments to increase the concentration of Ca to maintain soil desired pH; (c) alleviation effect of Ca-amendments to reduce Al toxicity concentration in the soil. Last but not least, this finding showed that dry matter yield and plant height positively associated with the presence of Al3
+ in both soil conditions.
Development of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic solid dispersions for solubility improvements of lipophilic flavones
Authors: Saidan N H , Aisha A F A , Hamil M S R , Ismail Z , Kaus N H M
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to develop an ethanolic solid dispersion of Orthosiphon stamineus (ESD) using polymers as carriers, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poloxamer 188 (P188), and poloxamer 407 (P407) via the solvent evaporation method. The purpose of preparing the formulation is to improve the solubility of the lipophilic flavones, namely sinensetin (SIN), eupatorine (EUP), and 3′-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) and caffeic acid derivatives, namely rosmarinic acid (RA). The optimized ESD was characterized using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) fingerprints, and physicochemical methods (particle size, zeta potential, TEM, and SEM). The effect of pH on stability and solubility in buffer and water, in-vitro release, and antioxidant properties (DPPH assay) indicated that the nano-formulation ESD using polymers (PVP/P407) with a ratio of extract to polymers (1.0:1.1:0.3 w/w) enhanced the lipophilic flavones (TMF=3.56 ± 0.01% w/w, SIN=2.46 ± 0.01% w/w and EUP=7.87 ± 0.01% w/w) and RA (20.66 ± 0.01% w/w) compared to the same compounds in ethanolic extract (P< 0.0001) with particles size less than 200 nm. In conclusion, the successful development of ESD using water-soluble copolymers (PVP/P407) has enhanced the solubility of lipophilic flavones and other compounds (RA), thereby further improving its pharmacological properties.
Diversity and ecology of araceae in the water catchment area of Ulu Sat, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zulhazman H , Aweng E R , Mohamad-Faiz M A , Muhamad-Azahar A , Kamarul-Ariffin H , Nor-Hizami H , Mohammad-Firdaus A K , Fiffy H S , Norhazlini M Z , Norzielawati S
Published: May 2021

Araceae or aroid is familiarly known as keladi to the locals. The purpose of this study is to assess the diversity and ecology of Araceae in the Water Catchment Area of Ulu Sat, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. The random sampling method was applied. A total of 26 species from 13 genera of Araceae were recorded from the water catchment area of Ulu Sat, Machang, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. This represents about 18.6% out of an estimated 140 species and 46.2% of the 28 genera of Araceae reported for Peninsular Malaysia. The result also shows that 24 species or 92.3% of the collection are the common Araceae species found in lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. However, the collection include the species recently recorded, Aglaonema cochinchinense Engl. and the endemic species, Alocasia puber (Hassk.) Schott for Peninsular Malaysia. The paper will also discuss the distribution and ecology of some important Araceae collected from this area.
A light of Play: Demystifying Daylight-driven Spatial Sensation Modeling through Image-based Analysis
Authors: Badzlin Aqmarina , Indraprastha Aswin
Published: May 2021

Our study aims at evaluating the daylight model as a design approach, facilitating the architect to improve spatial quality, and making sense of spatial sensation of a daylight model through a quantitative method of sequential and time-based image analysis. We investigated two spatial criteria affected by light, namely calming and exciting [10], defined by four light indicators: contrast, intensity, uniformity, and colours. The mechanism of the experiment was performed on the process of a conceptual design of a museum of modern art in Bandung, where design decisions of architectural layout and element, space, and form were defined and determined based on the result of analysis over series of rendering images instead of conventional diagram-to-plan approach. In this method, each image contains measures of the predictive perceptual effect of daylight for the decision-making process. On the notes of this study, the quantitative and formal approach through image-based analysis has its benefit to model the intangible aspect of architectural design and potent to improve objective measures of spatial quality.
The Hermeneutic of ‘De Amsterdamse Poort te Batavia’: Re-reading the spirit of the nation through historical architecture
Authors: Larasati Widya Laksmi , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan
Published: May 2021

Hermeneutic is a science of understanding a focal point of a cultural system; which in the field of history is known as the spirit of the people. The spirit transforms into objects – such as art-displaying the object maker’s thoughts or state of mind. This research began as an attempt to apply hermeneutic onto historical architecture object; on the understanding that architecture is an example of the production of art. The chosen object was the Amsterdam Gate of Batavia (Dutch: de Amsterdamse Poort te Batavia) built in mid-18th century in VOC-era Jakarta. The gate underwent several transformations before it was demolished in the 1950s, yet records of its existence; including photographs, lithographs, and journals are still widely accessible today. The historical events including those directly related to the transformations as well as general situations of the town and the ruling government are analysed. The research revealed a probable relation between the physical condition of the architecture and the socio-political situation of the nation, written in simple phrases to assist readers in envisioning the state of mind behind the concretized built environment.
Relations Between Pro-Environmental Behavior and The Physical Characteristics of Vertical Housing
Authors: Syahriyah Dewi R
Published: May 2021

Residential buildings consume a lot of energy and can cause environmental damage, especially in the post-occupation and operating phase. In order to minimize environmental damage, the green building concept was chosen as a solution that can minimize the causes of environmental damage. Pro-environmental behavior of residents is suspected to be influenced by the occupants environment, which is the physical characteristics that exist in the vertical housing. This study aims to analyze the correlation of physical characteristic in a residential building with the value of pro-environmental behavior, especially on student vertical housing. Based on purposive sampling (non-random/non-probability sampling), correlation analysis shows that the physical characteristic has a high correlation with a significant value of < 0.05 towards pro-environmental behavior. The physical characteristics of vertical housing define into three categories, which are site characteristics, building characteristics, and residential unit characteristics. On site characteristics, the highest significant value is at site accessibility, building density, and vegetation distribution. In building characteristics, the highest significance value is in building blocks, distribution systems, building floor area, and the number of residential units. While the characteristics of the residential unit, the highest significance value is found in the occupancy unit area and the existence of the bathroom.
Sustainable Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM) in Wonolelo Village, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Her Nugrahandika Widyasari , Nuresa Putri Ramadhani
Published: May 2021

Special Region of Yogyakarta is passed by the ring of fire and become a province which prone to disasters, especially earthquake. In 2006, Wonolelo Village was one of the villages hardest hit by the earthquake. Therefore, understanding and awareness of disaster management are important. Currently, disaster management at local is widely applied. According to Van Niekerk, et al (2017), the approach at the local level aims to change the perspective of disaster management in terms of issues, challenges and problems faced by the community. For this reason, Wonolelo Village has a disaster-aware community, the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB). The purposes of this research are to identify the processes and factors that influence the success of sustainable CBDM in Wonolelo Village. The method used is qualitative. Based on the analysis, Wonolelo Village has three stages of the disaster management process, namely the identification, the planning and implementation stage, and the development stage. While the factors that influence the success of disaster management in Wonolelo Village are the choice of Wonolelo Village as a Pilot Project by NDMA, recurring disaster events, volunteers who have team awareness, the existence of cooperation culture in the community, and budget allocation from Wonolelo Government for CBDM.
Financing Disaster Risk Reduction: The Perspective of Budget Allocation for Awareness Programs in The Merapi Volcano Community
Authors: Mutiarni Yosi S. , Nakamura Hitoshi , Bhattacharya Yasmin
Published: May 2021

The increasing number of disasters and high costs of damage highlight that financing is an essential part of managing community disaster response. As the most significant spending related to a disaster occurs after the disaster strikes, it can be challenging to know how much this spending could be reduced through preparedness in disaster management. This paper discusses the budget allocation of ex-ante programs on disaster risk reduction, focusing on education, knowledge awareness, capacity building, and risk communication. Special attention is paid to budget management programs in the Merapi Volcano area. A literature review is carried out to create a profile of the budget allocation for awareness programs in the whole disaster management cycle. It is found that the budget allocation for such programs is 7% of the total budget of the rehabilitation and reconstruction project and 20%–30% of the annual budget of the Local Disaster Management Agency. The findings demonstrate a need for alternative budgeting for ex-ante programs on disaster risk reduction to accelerate the targeted outcomes.
The land use design of villa complexes in the mountainous areas with contoured land character that can increase the profits
Authors: Ariyanto Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Contoured land condition in mountainous area with a slope requires a cost consuming to make it a suitable land to function as commercial lands, such as a villa complex property. It is still a great choice for this business since it does not only have attractive natural views but also fresh air quality, making it comfortable to stay. The problem is how is the recommendation of land use design for villa complexes in mountainous areas with contoured land to increase profits. There are three stages in conducting land use design, first is the identification stage regarding the existing data analysis including accessibility and land slope through contour lines. Second, the process of concept formation, which becomes an analysis to determine the circulation and basis counting of villa land unit lots. Third is the evaluation stage, which is a stage of checking the land use precedent as validation in similar issue to prove the profit rate. The results will serve as a guide for investors and architects in determining the land use configuration on contoured land to optimize construction costs and increase profits as well as contribute to the development of land use knowledge on an urban-scale.
E-Atlas of Health in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Omar M F , Rasam A R Abdul , Saraf N Mohamed , Md Saad N , Khalid N
Published: May 2021

Electronic atlas (e-atlas) of health is a multimedia website system, containing a compilation of health and disease maps. Selangor is one of the states with a high rate of physical development and having major disease burdens. Empowering local communities on wellbeing education through a digital network is one of the effective ways to reduce the incidence of diseases and health issues. This paper aimed to design and develop an e-atlas of health according to the local user requirement. A collection of hardcopy health maps from student’s Cartography projects, Adobe Illustrator and ArcGIS Online were utilized to create the system according to the waterfall model. The finding of the user requirement has indicated the existing websites has general information on health but the e-atlas elements of health are not fully established-particularly in Selangor. Thus, this proposed interactive mapping system has demonstrated several sub-menus regarding the health aspects such as waterborne diseases, vector-borne disease, health care facilities, and others. General info on the Selangor wellbeing features with good cartographic elements have been also incorporated. Eighty-five per cent of respondents gave the positives feedback, but they are hoping that this community services system could be applied practically in the future.
Initial Performance Assessment of GNSS Augmentation System using Quasi-Zenith Satellite System for Real-Time Precise Positioning Method in Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar I , Ananta R Y , Bramanto B , Abidin H Z , Surono  , Kishimoto N
Published: May 2021

Presently, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology provides numerous positioning services for engineering and scientific applications with regional to global coverage. The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) is one of the GNSS technologies owned by the Japanese government, which orbits around East Asia, Asia Pacific, and Oceania. One of the advantages of the QZSS satellite is that it corrects measurements using precise ephemeris, clock, and other augmenting corrections, primarily used for the Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP) method. Indonesia is a country that is included in the orbital area of the QZSS system. This study aims to see the QZSS system’s performance for RTPPP measurements in Indonesia’s land area. Magellan System Japan’s (MSJ) receiver is used in this study to collect the GNSS as well as the augmenting data and perform the RTPPP. RTPPP method is then made into three different schemes. The first scheme measures the RTPPP at a point to see the precision level. The second scheme takes measurements simultaneously with DGPS-Veripos measurements. Lastly, the third scheme measures using the RTPPP using both QZSS’s augmentation and ATLAS correction system, Static, and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) on 20 benchmarks. The resulting coordinates for each scheme are then used to evaluate the performance of QZSS augmentation. The first scheme results show the precision level of the QZSS-RTPPP 5 cm and 10 cm for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. In scheme two, the precision of the estimated coordinates from the DGPS-Veripos is better than those from the MSJ receiver in both horizontal and vertical components. Using the static method results as a reference, the accuracy of the RTPPP using the QZSS augmentation is 0.110 m, 0.056 m, and 0.120 m for easting, northing, and height component, respectively. Based on these results, some improvements are still needed to improve the QZSS-RTPPP method’s accuracy in Indonesia.
Accuracy Assessment of Automatic Road Features Extraction from Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV) Imagery
Authors: Bohari Sharifah Norashikin , Ahmad Amirul , Talib Norfatekah , A. Hajis Andi Muhammad Hazmi
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the road network documentation is required for many applications, it is essential for the development of economy and its growth brings benefits in people’s life. Traditionally, the road network extraction is done manually, however, it is costly, and time consuming to update and utilize the spatial information. Thus, in order to utilize this issue, this study aims to evaluate the capabilities of automatic road extraction from orthophoto UAV images using Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS), Level Set (LS) and Seeded Region Growing (SRG) methods. The study area was carried out at UiTM Perlis Branch area. In this study, The UAV image was processed by using Agisoft PhotoScan software to produce orthophoto image, then the road network in the orthophoto was segmented and extracted by using ImageJ Fiji. Several ground controls were also established at the surrounding of study area. For validation purposes, the automatic extracted road network was compared against manual extracted road network. Based on the findings, it was found that SRG method is slightly better in extracting road features compared to LS method in term of completeness, correctness, and quality for automated extraction. It is hope, this study can be used to help reducing the cost and time consumed in extracting features, especially road network, by using automatic extraction instead of manual extraction.
Comparative Analysis between Bathymetry and Backscatter Underwater Object Detection
Authors: Razali Raiz , Jasmee Muhammad Syafiq , Khalid Nafisah
Published: May 2021

Hydrography with respect to the various non-navigation purposes comprises the depictions of maritime features. For a progressively secure route and different applications, the emergence of sonar and swath echosounders currently enables more complete and a detailed description. It is absolutely difficult to find any features at any point in depth in such a way that the IHO has indicated the negligible size for the features to be found and estimated in a region. These activities and exercises are called detecting seafloor characteristics. For the purpose of distinguishing and recognizing, the features characteristic detection may also be utilized which are important to other navigators, for example, wellheads and mine-like attributes. The latter might not have been of navigational significance yet but are, nevertheless, of centrality to those concerned. In the event that the unwavering quality of multibeam on object identification study could be demonstrated or possibly its blunder could be found and has determined it’s constant. The multibeam could be broadly utilized for future ventures. By directing this examination study, the MBES data would be able to be evaluated and the capability extents of this data could be assessed. Thus, this study is aimed to analyse the accuracy of underwater object detection between bathymetry map and backscattered image derived from MBES data. The obtained results have shown that object detection from bathymetry maps have slightly better visualization grade than backscatter images with a near perfection grade of 4.8.
Assessment of Photogrammetric Mapping Accuracy in Slope Area with Different Flight Altitude Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Syafuan Wan Mohamed , Ismail Neza , Idris Ahmad Norhisyam , Isa Nurul Amirah , Zamili Fatin Nur Zatasya , Jelani Jestin
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, UAV is preferred by experts since it is more affordable with reliable accuracy. However, debates on its accuracy draw worldwide attention in order to maintain the output’s quality. Flight altitude is one of the most debated issues of UAV employment due to various ground conditions. Thus, this study intends to investigate the effects of flight altitude towards the final output accuracy. In this study, three different flight altitudes (60m, 80m and 100m) were used to test the outputs accuracy within selected sites in UPNM campus by employing DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0 drone. Orthophotos and Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the selected sites were then generated using Pix4D Mapper Software. On-screen measurements of selected features within the selected sites were taken and compared with the actual measurements obtained on grounds. Later, these outputs were used to generate contours using ArcGIS software. The generated contours were compared with available as-built plan. The results were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. From this study, it is found that the mean variance values on flat surface using different flight elevation were 0.86m, 0.99m and 1.16m for 60m, 80m and 100m respectively. Whereas, the mean variance values on hilly surface were 6.95m, 4.35m and 4.3m for 60m, 80m and 100m. On flat surfaces, 60m flight altitude was the best height to be used for UAV mapping. However, for hilly surfaces, 100m flight altitude was the best height to be used. This contrast may due to the lower overlapping images in 60m flight altitude image capture. From the study also, it is found that the accuracy of UAV mapping on hilly surfaces tends to be lower than flat surfaces. This called for further studies to identify the best measures to reduce the errors resulted by extreme ground characteristics.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Genetic Expression Programming
Authors: Hosseini Maryamsadat , Shad Rouzbeh , Lim Samsung
Published: May 2021

The increasing demand for land use and the mismanagement of lands have caused the increase of landslides around the world. It is important to recognize the landslide characteristics and the determining factors that influence this phenomenon in order to mitigate the adverse economic and environmental impacts. This study aims to estimate the landslide susceptibility in an area of Siahkal at Gilan province, Iran, by formulating a model using Gene expression programming (GEP). Seven condition factors including altitude, aspect, slope, proximity to rivers, proximity to faults, land use and lithology, were used in this research. The proposed model was developed as an equation, and its accuracy was assessed by the area under an Receiver Operating Characteristic curve that shows 0.82 and 0.77 for the training data and the test data, respectively. The result of this research was also evaluated with the inventory map over the study area which was constructed by field surveying and interpretation of airborne/satellite images. Our landslide susceptibility map indicates that the northern part of the area has the highest possibility for landslide which is in agreement with the landslide inventory map of the previous landslide.
Effect of Spectral Bandwidths on Linear Feature Extraction: An Evaluation of Landsat ETM+ and OLI Sensors
Authors: Imanian Ali , Asadi Adel , Tangestani Majid Hashemi , Homayouni Saeid , Faghih Ali
Published: May 2021

Hitherto there have been many studies comparing the usefulness of OLI and ETM+ sensors for linear feature extraction. However, not too much attention has been paid to the differences in the bandwidth of the two sensors. In this study, the suitability of Landsat ETM+ and OLI sensors for automatic detection of linear features by LINE algorithm was compared. In this study, eight regions in northern, central and southern parts of Iran were selected based on the diversity of lithology, the pristine status, and lack of human activities for the comparison of the two datasets. Results revealed that LINE algorithm performed better on the images with higher standard deviation. The ETM+ datasets are more suitable for linear feature extraction because ETM+ panchromatic band and first principal component analysis image (PC1 image) of ETM+ datasets have higher standard deviation compared to OLI datasets.
A Feasibility Study of 2D Microwave Respiration Monitoring through Simulation Method
Authors: Yan Zihan , Mo Tiezheng , Zhu Yujin
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the feasibility of two-dimensional microwave respiration monitoring. According to a real human computed tomography image, the chest cavity is established in the simulation, which is more realistic and persuasive. Based on the formula of 4-Cole-Cole expressions, some corresponding parts of the human body’s relative permittivity and conductivity are calculated. Moreover, the dielectric properties within the lungs will change during respiration, and the changes will affect the transmission of microwaves in the human thorax. In this paper, the frequency of 433MHz and 915MHz is adopted to monitoring respiration. The simulation data is collected and analyzed to get intuitive maps. In summary, this study illustrates the feasibility of microwave respiration monitoring.
Eco-environmental quality evaluation of Wuleidaowan national wetland based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) approach
Authors: Zhang Yihang , Guo Jirui , Zhuang Yan , Xiujun Tian
Published: May 2021

Wetland ecosystem can be influenced by many eco-environmental indexes, which will affect the ecological environment quality to varying degree. In this study, weights of different indexes that will have a influence on wetland ecosystems can be determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Based on the field survey of Wuleidaowan National wetland and distribution of 400 questionnaires to environmental experts and workers managing wetland, of these 398 were returned, the environmental evaluation of wetland system can be fully conducted. The target of the study was divided into four main evaluation criteria, ecological resources(B1), wetland landscape(B2), infrastructure(B3), management(B4), and the four evaluation criteria were further divided into 17 indexes at the bottom level. The results of target index layer sorted by combination weight analyses indicated that species diversity, ecosystem typicality, overall style and wetland water resources have the greatest influence on determining the ecological environmental quality of Wuleidaowan National wetland. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation index(CEI) of Wuleidaowan National wetland is 0.9443, namely 0.7<CEI<1.0, showing ecological environment in Wuleidaowan wetland is very excellent on the whole. However, based on the findings, there is a need further to strengthen community co-management, regulate conservation of recovery, improve science value and aesthetic value and optimize the mission facilities to plan, manage and protect the Wuleidaowan National wetland ecosystem.
Influence of Mixed Sludge on the Operation of Coal-fired Unit Boiler
Authors: Zhang Limeng , Dong Xinguang , Zhao Zhonghua , Liu Jinglong , Wang Haichao , Zhang Xuhui , Liu Ke , Hou Fanjun
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the operation characteristics of a 480t/h ultra-high pressure pulverized coal fired boiler with municipal sludge were studied. The results show that: mixing sludge has a negative impact on the thermal efficiency of boiler operation, and with the decrease of boiler evaporation and the increase of sludge mixing ratio, the decline of boiler thermal efficiency increases, but mixing sludge can effectively reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the boiler. Through the optimization and adjustment test, it is found that the optimal oxygen content of the boiler is 3.61% when the proportion of sludge is 5%.
Influence of typical pollutants in soil on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhang Baoqiang
Published: May 2021

Soil is a key component of ecosystem. It is not only the most active interface for material circulation and energy transportation, but also the substrate and space for animals and plants to survive, and has extremely rich biodiversity. Soil occupies the central position of the key zone in the entire nature, which carries about 90% of the pollutants. At the same time, it is an important “source” for the migration and transformation of pollutants to the atmosphere, water and other environmental media. This article discussed the drug resistance mechanism of bacteria and the transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes, taking antibiotics, heavy metals and organics as representatives to discuss the impact of major pollutants in the soil on the transmission of drug resistance genes, in order to provide guidance for public health and environmental safety.
Properties of Solid Waste Mixture-Solidified Cu2+-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Suo Chongxian , Cao Jiawei , Cao Hongyu , Dong Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2021

To study the solidification effect of red mud, calcium carbide residue, and phosphogypsum mixture on Cu2+-contaminated soil under the soaking condition, the stress-strain, leaching toxicity, and microstructure of solidified soil with cement and mixture were systematically analyzed. The results show that the peak stress of the mixture solidified soil increases with the curing age, and the addition of solid waste is beneficial for the improvement of peak stress. Its leaching concentration of copper ion is not only lower than that of cement solidified soil, but also lower than 0.6mg·L−1. Besides, the leaching concentration decreased gradually with the curing age. According to the microstructure of solidified soil, it is found that the hydration products of the solidified soil are mainly represented by calcium silicate hydrate/calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and ettringite, which play an important role in the development of the strength and the solidification of copper ions.
Intelligent Internet of Things Technology in Agricultural Environment Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Gengyi
Published: May 2021

The application of the Internet of Things to precision agriculture is conducive to the intelligent and controllable aspects of agricultural production and management, is conducive to the implementation of green agricultural production methods, is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture, and promotes the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. An intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring system is designed based on the Internet of Things technology, and a wireless network is established using the JenNet protocol to realize real-time monitoring of environmental factors such as air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse. Finally, the paper uses the time automata modelling tool UPPAAL to verify the system logic correctness and system execution timing verification on the established formal model. The results verify that the agricultural temperature control environment system network based on the intelligent Internet of Things operates stably, with high acquisition accuracy, low node power consumption, accurate feedback control, and meets the intelligent demand for greenhouse data acquisition and control.
Research on Ecological Rural Tourism Development Based on Green Environmental Protection Model
Authors: Chen Zhou
Published: May 2021

Ecological environment is the foundation and prerequisite for the development of rural tourism. The development of rural tourism promotes the rural ecological environment. The coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the sustainable development of rural tourism and the construction of ecological civilization in rural areas. Here, this article briefly summarizes the current plight of rural tourism and the relationship between rural tourism and the ecological environment, and puts forward some suggestions for the joint development of rural tourism and ecological environment protection, and pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment while recognizing the development of rural tourism, to achieve the harmonious and common development of rural tourism and the environment.
The Reality, Risk and Governance of Regional Innovation Ecosystems under Digital Transformation Background
Authors: Hao Wenqing , Zhang Jianbin
Published: May 2021

The digital transformation of regional innovation ecosystems is received by the extensive attention from academia and practical communities. This paper uses China’s regional innovative ecosystem as a research object, explores changes in information flow, resource flow, capital flow and technical flow direction and flow rate within the context of digital transformation. The study found that digital transformation will change the flow direction and structure of the information flow; The flow rate of resource flow, capital flow and technology flow is accelerated is increased, but the flow direction is unchanged. Finally, the potential risks of innovative ecosystem under digital transformation background have been analyzed, and the countermeasures and recommendations for relevant management departments and enterprises are put forward, providing a theoretical reference for further improving digital construction for China’s regional innovation ecosystems.
Study on a structure of pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid calcium boric acid hydrate, C7H16BCaNO12
Authors: Liu Haixing , Liu Ying
Published: May 2021

The novel pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid calcium boric acid hydrate C7H16BCaNO12 was investigated by hydrothermal and its crystal structure was characterized using X-ray diffraction technology. Ca1 atom is eight coordinated by N and seven O atoms from pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and four H2O molecular. The hydrogen bonding O-H… O had central effect for crystal stability.
Prediction of PM2.5 Concentration Based on Time Series
Authors: Xu Qirui
Published: May 2021

PM2.5 is an important component of air pollution, its chemical composition and source are relatively complex, and it stays in the atmosphere for a long time, which has seriously endangered public health, damaged the ecosystem and even affected the climate and environment. Therefore, the prediction of PM2.5 is of great significance for public health protection and environmental management. One of the reasons why it is difficult to predict PM2.5 is the interaction between air pollutants, so a method that can not only accurately predict the change of PM2.5 concentration, but also explain the results is needed. In this paper, different surface meteorological information is used as time series data to predict the hourly PM2.5 concentration in Wuhan. The prediction can explain the influence of input variables, and use random forest to learn and predict the data. In addition, the meteorological information, air pollutant information and dust value of Zhengzhou City grouped by time series are used as input variables to reflect the air characteristics of North China. This method can learn all the specific time information of the input variables processed by time series in a balanced way, and can also explain the related effects of the input variables. In addition, it also shows that the related variables in North China have an important impact on the generation of PM2.5 in Wuhan.
Construction method and equipment of stone column in Israel Ashdod port
Authors: Feng Youdei
Published: May 2021

According to the technical requirements of stone column for improvement of foundation of Ashdod Port in Israel, this paper studies the solutions to achieve stone column construction under strong wave condition. Based on the research of different construction methods and equipment of stone column, combined with the analysis of work efficiency, jack-up platform is put forward, which solves the technical problem of construction of stone column under the condition of long periodic wave surge.
Optimization of the flight test organization structure of batch-producted aircraft based on entropy theory
Authors: Jun Deng
Published: May 2021

According to the characteristics of batch-produced aircraft flight test, this paper optimizes the traditional project-based organization structure, and innovatively proposes an organizational structure suitable for batch-produced aircraft test flight. Using entropy theory, an entropy model of flight test organization structure is established, and the model is used for calculation and analysis to provide quantitative data reference for the optimization of flight test organization structure.