bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of Offshore Internal Boundary Layers
Authors: Krishnamurthy R. , Fernando H. J. S. , Alappattu D. , Creegan E. , Wang Q.
Published: March 2023

The growth of the marine internal boundary layer (MIBL, height hi) with the shore‐normal distance x, is a topic of continuing interest because of its applications in coastal pollution dispersion, offshore wind farm siting, coastal air‐sea fluxes and in evaporative ducting. Available data on MIBL are scarce, given the difficulty of measuring the variability of coastal winds. During the Coupled Air‐Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Research campaigns, an array of instrumentation was deployed to measure offshore spatial variability and its effect on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. Meteorological sensors (flux towers and remote sensing) deployed along the coast of Point Mugu, California, on a research vessel and FLoating Instrument Platform provided surface layer and boundary layer observations. Measurements from multiple remote sensors such as synchronized triple Doppler lidars, small boat operations with tethered lifting system, and radiosondes provided a holistic view of the MIBL growth and its spatial variability in coastal areas. Convective and stable MIBL observed during two intensive operating period days showed distinct growth characteristics off the coast of Point‐Mugu. During stable stratified atmospheric conditions, an MIBL was observed to develop least as far as 47 km from the coast. The growth of MIBL within the nearshore adjustment zone was influenced by surrounding atmospheric, oceanographic, and topographic conditions. A parameterization scheme is developed based on advection‐diffusion balance equations, accounting for upstream turbulence, and compared with hi observations from a Doppler lidar and profiles taken from a small boat. An evaluation of existing IBL theories is also conducted.
Mid–Miocene Palaeofire and Its Complex Relationship With Vegetation Changes in the Wushan Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China: Evidence From a High–Resolution Charcoal Record
Authors: Zhou Xuewen , Hui Zhengchuang , Vachula Richard S. , Wei Xiao , Chen Peng , Zhang Jun , Wang Xiuxi , Peng Tingjiang
Published: March 2023

Fire plays an important role in the Earth system, and is considered an essential control on global vegetation evolution and climate change. However, few Miocene high–resolution fire records have been obtained with which to assess the controls and possible drivers of fire on multiple timescales. Here, we provide a high–resolution charcoal record of the Nanyu section to reconstruct mid–Miocene fire history in the Wushan Basin. Further, we identify and assess the long–term regional fire regime (frequency and intensity) controls and possible drivers by making comparisons with published paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental records (i.e., palynomorphs, magnetic susceptibility, redness, stable isotope, pCO2 and marine δ18O data etc.). We also performed spectral analysis of the charcoal records to investigate possible controls of fire activity on orbital time scales. The analysis results indicate that (a) the reconstructed fire regime exhibits an increase from ∼16 to 13.86 Ma and a significant decrease after ∼13.86 Ma. (b) The steadily increasing regional fire activity during the period of ∼16–13.86 Ma may be caused by increased fuel ignitability and drying climate, whereas significantly decreased fire activity after ∼13.86 Ma is likely attributed to decreased fuel load due to the Mi–3b global cooling event. (c) On orbital time scales, the finding of the Earth's orbital cycles in fire proxy indicates that mid–Miocene fire activity variability in the study area was likely related to Earth's orbital forcing.
An Economic Model of Spatial and Temporal Water Trade in the Australian Southern Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Hughes Neal , Gupta Mihir , Whittle Linden , Westwood Tim
Published: March 2023

Within the Australian southern Murray‐Darling Basin (sMDB) water markets have become a key institutional response to water scarcity and environmental problems. These markets facilitate trading of water among many users and across multiple connected regions. Increasingly, these markets also support intertemporal transfers via the carryover of user water allocations within public water storages. While trading can improve the spatial allocation of water, carryover can improve the temporal allocation by ensuring storage reserves reflect prevailing user preferences. This paper presents an economic model of water markets and irrigated agriculture in the sMDB. A reduced‐form statistical model of water demand is estimated using historical irrigation and water market data. This statistical model is placed within an economic partial‐equilibrium framework accounting for both interregional trade and interyear carryover. The model is solved numerically for a dynamic market equilibrium given assumptions over future stochastic water supplies. Out‐of‐sample tests show the model can realistically simulate water market prices and irrigation activity across the basin. The model is applied to estimate the economic benefits of interregional water trading and interyear carryover. Results show around a third of the economic benefits of water markets in the region can be attributed to interyear carryover.
Chorus Wave Properties From Van Allen Probes: Quantifying the Impact of the Sheath Corrected Electric Field
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Christopher I. W. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Santolik O. , Kolmasova I. , Argall M. R. , Ahmadi N.
Published: March 2023

A sheath impedance model has recently been developed to describe how the variable coupling impedance between the Van Allen Probes instrumentation and the ambient plasma affects both the amplitude and phase of electric field wave measurements. Here, the impact of this sheath correction on measured chorus wave properties, including electric field wave power and the Poynting vector, is directly quantified. It is found that the sheath‐corrected electric field wave power is typically between two and nine times larger than the uncorrected measurement, depending on wave frequency. The sheath correction typically increases the Poynting flux by a factor of ∼2, and causes the polar angle of the Poynting vector to switch hemisphere from parallel to anti‐parallel propagation in ∼2% of cases. The uncorrected data exhibit significant deviations from the theoretically predicted relationship between the wave vector and the Poynting vector whereas this relationship is well‐reproduced with the sheath‐corrected observations.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroanatomical profiles of distinct clinical (adaptive) outcomes in autism
Authors: Pretzsch Charlotte M. , Floris Dorothea L. , Schäfer Tim , Bletsch Anke , Gurr Caroline , Lombardo Michael V. , Chatham Chris H. , Tillmann Julian , Charman Tony , Arenella Martina , Jones Emily , Ambrosino Sara , Bourgeron Thomas , Dumas Guillaume , Cliquet Freddy , Leblond Claire S. , Loth Eva , Oakley Bethany , Buitelaar Jan K. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Beckmann Christian F. , Persico Antonio M. , Banaschewski Tobias , Durston Sarah , Freitag Christine M. ,   EU-AIMS/AIMS-2-TRIALS Consortium, Murphy Declan G. M. , Murphy Declan G. M. , Ecker Christine
Published: March 2023

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth referred to as autism) display significant variation in clinical outcome. For instance, across age, some individuals’ adaptive skills naturally improve or remain stable, while others’ decrease. To pave the way for ‘precision-medicine’ approaches, it is crucial to identify the cross-sectional and, given the developmental nature of autism, longitudinal neurobiological (including neuroanatomical and linked genetic) correlates of this variation. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 333 individuals (161 autistic and 172 neurotypical individuals, aged 6–30 years), with two assessment time points separated by ~12–24 months. We collected behavioural (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale-II, VABS-II) and neuroanatomical (structural magnetic resonance imaging) data. Autistic participants were grouped into clinically meaningful “Increasers”, “No-changers”, and “Decreasers” in adaptive behaviour (based on VABS-II scores). We compared each clinical subgroup’s neuroanatomy (surface area and cortical thickness at T1, ∆T (intra-individual change) and T2) to that of the neurotypicals. Next, we explored the neuroanatomical differences’ potential genomic associates using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Clinical subgroups had distinct neuroanatomical profiles in surface area and cortical thickness at baseline, neuroanatomical development, and follow-up. These profiles were enriched for genes previously associated with autism and for genes previously linked to neurobiological pathways implicated in autism (e.g. excitation-inhibition systems). Our findings suggest that distinct clinical outcomes (i.e. intra-individual change in clinical profiles) linked to autism core symptoms are associated with atypical cross-sectional and longitudinal, i.e. developmental, neurobiological profiles. If validated, our findings may advance the development of interventions, e.g. targeting mechanisms linked to relatively poorer outcomes.
Probing two-qubit capacitive interactions beyond bilinear regime using dual Hamiltonian parameter estimations
Authors: Yun Jonginn , Park Jaemin , Jang Hyeongyu , Kim Jehyun , Jang Wonjin , Song Younguk , Cho Min-Kyun , Sohn Hanseo , Jung Hwanchul , Umansky Vladimir , Kim Dohun
Published: March 2023

We report the simultaneous operation and two-qubit-coupling measurement of a pair of two-electron spin qubits, actively decoupled from quasi-static nuclear noise in a GaAs quadruple quantum dot array. Coherent Rabi oscillations of both qubits (decay time ≈2 μs; frequency few MHz) are achieved by continuously tuning their drive frequency using rapidly converging real-time Hamiltonian estimators. We observe strong two-qubit capacitive interaction (>190 MHz), combined with detuning pulses, inducing a state-conditional frequency shift. The two-qubit capacitive interaction is beyond the bilinear regime, consistent with recent theoretical predictions. We observe a high ratio (>16) between coherence and conditional phase-flip time, which supports the possibility of generating high-fidelity and fast quantum entanglement between encoded spin qubits using a simple capacitive interaction.
Design and application of self-healable polymeric films and coatings for smart food packaging
Authors: Lai Wing-Fu
Published: March 2023

Smart packaging materials enable active control of parameters that potentially influence the quality of a packaged food product. One type of these that have attracted extensive interest is self-healable films and coatings, which show the elegant, autonomous crack repairing ability upon the presence of appropriate stimuli. They exhibit increased durability and effectively lengthen the usage lifespan of the package. Over the years, extensive efforts have been paid to the design and development of polymeric materials that show self-healing properties; however, till now most of the discussions focus on the design of self-healable hydrogels. Efforts devoted to delineating related advances in the context of polymeric films and coatings are scant, not to mention works reviewing the use of self-healable polymeric materials for smart food packaging. This article fills this gap by offering a review of not only the major strategies for fabrication of self-healable polymeric films and coatings but also the mechanisms of the self-healing process. It is hoped that this article cannot only provide a snapshot of the recent development of self-healable food packaging materials, but insights into the optimization and design of new polymeric films and coatings with self-healing properties can also be gained for future research.
Structural basis for GSDMB pore formation and its targeting by IpaH7.8
Authors: Wang Chengliang , Shivcharan Sonia , Tian Tian , Wright Skylar , Ma Danyang , Chang JengYih , Li Kunpeng , Song Kangkang , Xu Chen , Rathinam Vijay A. , Ruan Jianbin
Published: March 2023

Gasdermins (GSDMs) are pore-forming proteins that play critical roles in host defence through pyroptosis1,2. Among GSDMs, GSDMB is unique owing to its distinct lipid-binding profile and a lack of consensus on its pyroptotic potential3–7. Recently, GSDMB was shown to exhibit direct bactericidal activity through its pore-forming activity4. Shigella, an intracellular, human-adapted enteropathogen, evades this GSDMB-mediated host defence by secreting IpaH7.8, a virulence effector that triggers ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of GSDMB4. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human GSDMB in complex with Shigella IpaH7.8 and the GSDMB pore. The structure of the GSDMB–IpaH7.8 complex identifies a motif of three negatively charged residues in GSDMB as the structural determinant recognized by IpaH7.8. Human, but not mouse, GSDMD contains this conserved motif, explaining the species specificity of IpaH7.8. The GSDMB pore structure shows the alternative splicing-regulated interdomain linker in GSDMB as a regulator of GSDMB pore formation. GSDMB isoforms with a canonical interdomain linker exhibit normal pyroptotic activity whereas other isoforms exhibit attenuated or no pyroptotic activity. Overall, this work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of Shigella IpaH7.8 recognition and targeting of GSDMs and shows a structural determinant in GSDMB critical for its pyroptotic activity.
Raman spectroscopy combined with a support vector machine algorithm as a diagnostic technique for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Wu Xue , Chen Chen , Luo Cainan , Shi Yamei , Li Zhengfang , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Cheng , Su Jinmei , Wu Lijun
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy combined with computer algorithms in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). In this study, Raman spectra of 60 serum samples were acquired from 30 patients with pSS and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The means and standard deviations of the raw spectra of patients with pSS and HCs were calculated. Spectral features were assigned based on the literature. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the spectral features. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-support vector machine (SVM) was selected as the method of parameter optimization to rapidly classify patients with pSS and HCs. In this study, the SVM algorithm was used as the classification model, and the radial basis kernel function was selected as the kernel function. In addition, the PSO algorithm was used to establish a model for the parameter optimization method. The training set and test set were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3. After PCA dimension reduction, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the PSO-SVM model were obtained, and the results were 88.89%, 100% and 94.44%, respectively. This study showed that the combination of Raman spectroscopy and a support vector machine algorithm could be used as an effective pSS diagnosis method with broad application value.
Reduction of BSI associated mortality after a sepsis project implementation in the ER of a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Seminari Elena , Colaneri Marta , Corbella Marta , De Silvestri Annalisa , Muzzi Alba , Perlini Stefano , Martino Ilaria Francesca , Marvulli Lea Nadia , Arcuri Alessia , Maffezzoni Marcello , Minucci Rita , Bono Enrica , Cambieri Patrizia , Marone Piero , Bruno Raffaele
Published: March 2023

The emergency room (ER) is the first gateway for patients with sepsis to inpatient units, and identifying best practices and benchmarks to be applied in this setting might crucially result in better patient’s outcomes. In this study, we want to evaluate the results in terms of decreased the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis of a Sepsis Project developed in the ER. All patients admitted to the ER of our Hospital from the 1st January, 2016 to the 31stJuly 2019 with suspect of sepsis (MEWS score ≥ of 3) and positive blood culture upon ER admission were included in this retrospective observational study. The study comprises of two periods: Period A: From the 1st Jan 2016 to the 31st Dec 2017, before the implementation of the Sepsis project. Period B: From the 1st Jan 2018 to the 31stJul 2019, after the implementation of the Sepsis project. To analyze the difference in mortality between the two periods, a univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used. The risk of in-hospital mortality was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Overall, 722 patients admitted in ER had positive BC on admissions, 408 in period A and 314 in period B. In-hospital mortality was 18.9% in period A and 12.7% in period B (p = 0.03). At multivariable analysis, mortality was still reduced in period B compared to period A (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41–0.98; p = 0.045). Having an infection due to GP bacteria or polymicrobial was associated with an increased risk of death, as it was having a neoplasm or diabetes. A marked reduction in in-hospital mortality of patients with documented BSI associated with signs or symptoms of sepsis after the implementation of a sepsis project based on the application of sepsis bundles in the ER.
Multivariate indicators of disease severity in COVID-19
Authors: Bean Joe , Kuri-Cervantes Leticia , Pennella Michael , Betts Michael R. , Meyer Nuala J. , Hassan Wail M.
Published: March 2023

The novel coronavirus pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Diverse clinical presentations prompted numerous attempts to predict disease severity to improve care and patient outcomes. Equally important is understanding the mechanisms underlying such divergent disease outcomes. Multivariate modeling was used here to define the most distinctive features that separate COVID-19 from healthy controls and severe from moderate disease. Using discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression models we could distinguish between severe disease, moderate disease, and control with rates of correct classifications ranging from 71 to 100%. The distinction of severe and moderate disease was most reliant on the depletion of natural killer cells and activated class-switched memory B cells, increased frequency of neutrophils, and decreased expression of the activation marker HLA-DR on monocytes in patients with severe disease. An increased frequency of activated class-switched memory B cells and activated neutrophils was seen in moderate compared to severe disease and control. Our results suggest that natural killer cells, activated class-switched memory B cells, and activated neutrophils are important for protection against severe disease. We show that binary logistic regression was superior to discriminant analysis by attaining higher rates of correct classification based on immune profiles. We discuss the utility of these multivariate techniques in biomedical sciences, contrast their mathematical basis and limitations, and propose strategies to overcome such limitations.
Efficacy of elotuzumab for multiple myeloma in reference to lymphocyte counts and kappa/lambda ratio or B2 microglobulin
Authors: Shimazu Yutaka , Kanda Junya , Kosugi Satoru , Ito Tomoki , Kaneko Hitomi , Imada Kazunori , Shimura Yuji , Fuchida Shin-ichi , Fukushima Kentaro , Tanaka Hirokazu , Yoshihara Satoshi , Ohta Kensuke , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Yagi Hideo , Shibayama Hirohiko , Yamamura Ryosuke , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Uchiyama Hitoji , Onda Yoshiyuki , Adachi Yoko , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Takahashi Ryoichi , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Miyoshi Takashi , Takakuwa Teruhito , Hino Masayuki , Hosen Naoki , Nomura Shosaku , Shimazaki Chihiro , Matsumura Itaru , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Kuroda Junya
Published: March 2023

Novel therapeutic drugs have dramatically improved the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma. We sought to identify the characteristics of patients likely to exhibit a durable response to one such drug, elotuzumab, by analyzing a real-world database in Japan. We analyzed 179 patients who underwent 201 elotuzumab treatments. The median time to next treatment (TTNT) with the 95% confidence interval was 6.29 months (5.18–9.20) in this cohort. Univariate analysis showed that patients with any of the following had longer TTNT: no high risk cytogenic abnormalities, more white blood cells, more lymphocytes, non-deviated κ/λ ratio, lower β2 microglobulin levels (B2MG), fewer prior drug regimens, no prior daratumumab use and better response after elotuzumab treatment. A multivariate analysis showed that TTNT was longer in patients with more lymphocytes (≥ 1400/μL), non-deviated κ/λ ratio (0.1–10), lower B2MG (< 5.5 mg/L) and no prior daratumumab use. We proposed a simple scoring system to predict the durability of the elotuzumab treatment effect by classifying the patients into three categories based on their lymphocyte counts (0 points for ≥ 1400/μL and 1 point for < 1400/μL) and κ/λ ratio (0 points for 0.1–10 and 1 point for < 0.1 or ≥ 10) or B2MG (0 points for < 5.5 mg/L and 1 point for ≥ 5.5 mg/L). The patients with a score of 0 showed significantly longer TTNT (p < 0.001) and better survival (p < 0.001) compared to those with a score of 1 or 2. Prospective cohort studies of elotuzumab treatment may be needed to validate the usefulness of our new scoring system.
Characterization of butyrate-metabolism in colorectal cancer to guide clinical treatment
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Zhou Ping , Chang Shuangqing , Huang Zhifang , Zeng Xuebo
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent one in the world among the most common malignant tumors. Numerous studies have shown that butyrate has demonstrated promise as an antitumor agent in a variety of human cancer types. However, butyrate remains understudied in CRC tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we explored therapeutic strategies to treat CRC by examining the role of butyrate metabolism. First, from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB), we identified 348 butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs). Next, we downloaded 473 CRC and 41 standard colorectal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the transcriptome data of GSE39582 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we evaluated the expression patterns of butyrate metabolism-related genes with difference analysis in CRC. Through univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, a prognostic model was constructed based on differentially expressed BMRGs. In addition, we discovered an independent prognostic marker for CRC patients. According to the expression levels and coefficients of identified BMRGs, the risk scores of all CRC samples were calculated. Utilizing differentially expressed genes in the high- and low-risk groups, we also constructed a Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interactions between proteins. Through the results of PPI network, we screened out differentially expressed target butyrate metabolism-related genes from ten hub genes. Finally, we performed clinical correlation analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis for these target genes. One hundred and seventy three differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes were screened out in all the CRC samples. The prognostic model was established with univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. CRC patients’ overall survival was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group for both training and validation set. Among the ten hub genes identified from the PPI network, four target butyrate metabolism-related genes were identified containing FN1, SERPINE1, THBS2, and COMP, which might provide novel markers or targets for treating CRC patients. Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients’ survival rate. Using this model, it is beneficial to forecast the response of CRC patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, thus making it easier to custom tailor cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy to the individual patient.
Cities can benefit from complex supply chains
Authors: Doğan Nazlı B. , Mejia Alfonso , Gomez Michael
Published: March 2023

Supply chain complexity is perceived to exacerbate the supply disruptions or shocks experienced by a city. Here, we calculate two network measures of supply chain complexity based on the relative number—horizontal complexity—and relative strength—vertical complexity—of a city’s suppliers. Using a large dataset of more than 1 million annual supply flows to 69 major cities in the United States for 2012–2015, we show that a trade-off pattern between horizontal and vertical complexity tends to characterize the architecture of urban supply networks. This architecture shapes the resistance of cities to supply chain shocks. We find that a city experiences less intense shocks, on average, as supplier relative diversity (horizontal complexity) increases for more technologically sophisticated products, which may serve as a mechanism for buffering cities against supply chain shocks. These results could help cities anticipate and manage their supply chain risks.
A high Z′ structure of an organic salt with unusually high phase stability, nanoindentation, and mechano and vapo-fluorochromism
Authors: Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Ganie Arshid A. , Ahmad Shamim , Ahangar Aadil A. , Reddy C. Malla , Dar Aijaz A.
Published: March 2023

Structure (1) with very unique crystal packing and multi-stimuli responsive behaviour is reported. The absence of polymorphism in 1 is supported by experimental studies. Hirshfeld and nanoindentation studies are also reported.
New mechanistic insights into the role of water in the dehydration of ethanol into ethylene over ZSM-5 catalysts at low temperature
Authors: Ouayloul L. , El Doukkali M. , Jiao M. , Dumeignil F. , Agirrezabal-Telleria I.
Published: March 2023

We highlight the role of OH-treated weakly acidic ZSM-5 in the ethanol-to-ethylene at low temperature. Ethylene forms via (i) primary dimer from ethanol on Brønsted sites, followed by diethyl ether cracking on Lewis sites, and (ii) secondary cleavage of C–OH in ethanol over Brønsted sites.
Role of a corrugated Dion–Jacobson 2D perovskite as an additive in 3D MAPbBr3 perovskite-based light emitting diodes
Authors: Prontera C. T. , Taurino D. , Coriolano A. , Maggiore A. , Pugliese M. , Giannuzzi R. , Mariano F. , Carallo S. , Rizzo A. , Gigli G. , De Marco L. , Maiorano V.
Published: March 2023

A corrugated Dion–Jacobson 2D perovskite has been integrated with a 3D MAPbBr3 perovskite by using a blend and bilayer approach for application in light emitting diodes.
One-step synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework composite for the adsorption of marine toxin okadaic acid
Authors: Romero Vanesa , Fernandes Soraia P. S. , Gonçalves Liliana P. L. , Oliveira Orlando , Meledina Maria , Strutyński Karol , Melle-Franco Manuel , Kolen'ko Yury V. , Espiña Begoña , Salonen Laura M.
Published: March 2023

One-step synthesis of a crystalline magnetic covalent organic framework composite is reported using a sub-stoichiometric amount of the diamino building block. The composite showed high efficiency for the removal of okadaic acid toxin from seawater.
Optoelectronic performance of perovskite Cs2KMI6 (M = Ga, In) based on high-throughput screening and first-principles calculations
Authors: Qi Fangfang , Lv Xin , Song Jinhui , Fu Xifeng , Meng Lingyi , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: March 2023

Based on the high-throughput screening, two double perovskites Cs2KMI6 (M = Ga, In) have been proposed, and their geometric and electronic structures, thermal stability, photoelectric and defect properties have been systematically investigated.
Hierarchical self-assembly in an RNA-based coordination polymer hydrogel
Authors: El-Zubir Osama , Rojas Martinez Pablo , Dura Gema , Doherty Cameron , Cucinotta Fabio , Mackenzie Lewis E. , Pal Robert , Horrocks Benjamin R. , Houlton Andrew
Published: March 2023

An RNA-based coordination polymer is formed by the aqueous reaction of CuI ions with the thionucleoside enantiomer (−)6-thioguanosine, (6tGH).
Synthesis of quinazolinonesviaCp*Co(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization of primary amides with oxadiazolones
Authors: Wu Xuan , Wu Weiping , Fan Shuaixin , Han Xuanzhen , Wang Zhixin , Xu Hanxiao , Wang Baochen , Zhu Jin
Published: March 2023

An efficient primary amide-directed C–H functionalization for the construction of quinazolinones was developed, where a double C–N bond was formed.
Magnetic fields inferred by Solar Orbiter: A comparison between SO/PHI-HRT and SDO/HMI
Authors: Sinjan J. , Calchetti D. , Hirzberger J. , Kahil F. , Valori G. , Solanki S. K. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Feller A. , Gandorfer A. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Gómez Cama J. M. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Michalik H. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J.
Published: March 2023

Context.The High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft (SO/PHI) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) both infer the photospheric magnetic field from polarised light images. SO/PHI is the first magnetograph to move out of the Sun–Earth line and will provide unprecedented access to the Sun’s poles. This provides excellent opportunities for new research wherein the magnetic field maps from both instruments are used simultaneously.

Aims.We aim to compare the magnetic field maps from these two instruments and discuss any possible differences between them.

Methods.We used data from both instruments obtained during Solar Orbiter’s inferior conjunction on 7 March 2022. The HRT data were additionally treated for geometric distortion and degraded to the same resolution as HMI. The HMI data were re-projected to correct for the 3° separation between the two observatories.

Results.SO/PHI-HRT and HMI produce remarkably similar line-of-sight magnetograms, with a slope coefficient of 0.97, an offset below 1 G, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97. However, SO/PHI-HRT infers weaker line-of-sight fields for the strongest fields. As for the vector magnetic field, SO/PHI-HRT was compared to both the 720-second and 90-second HMI vector magnetic field: SO/PHI-HRT has a closer alignment with the 90-second HMI vector. In the weak signal regime (< 600 G), SO/PHI-HRT measures stronger and more horizontal fields than HMI, very likely due to the greater noise in the SO/PHI-HRT data. In the strong field regime (≳600 G), HRT infers lower field strengths but with similar inclinations (a slope of 0.92) and azimuths (a slope of 1.02). The slope values are from the comparison with the HMI 90-second vector. Possible reasons for the differences found between SO/PHI-HRT and HMI magnetic field parameters are discussed.
Development of a robust nuclear data adjustment method to outliers
Authors: Fukui Yuhei , Endo Tomohiro , Yamamoto Akio , Maruyama Shuhei
Published: March 2023

We developed a new nuclear data adjustment method for experimental data containing outliers. This method mitigates the effect of outliers by applying M-estimation, a type of robust estimation, to the conventional nuclear data adjustment method using sensitivity coefficients. Based on the M-estimation, we derived a weighted nuclear data adjustment formula and developed a weight calculation method. The weighted nuclear data adjustment formula was derived by weighting the function to take the extremum of the conventional nuclear data adjustment. The weighting of each nuclear characteristic is calculated from the difference between the measured and calculated values of the nuclear characteristic. This weight calculation method can evaluate the validity of each nuclear characteristic by considering correlations between nuclear characteristics using singular value decomposition. The proposed method and the conventional method were compared and verified by twin experiments. In the twin experiments, the nuclear data were adjusted using experimental data that intentionally included outliers. As a result of twin experiments, it was confirmed that the nuclear data were adjusted robustly and appropriately even with the experimental data containing outliers.
Understanding the impact of nuclear-data covariances on various integral responses using adjustment
Authors: Neudecker D. , Grosskopf M.J. , Alwin J. , Cutler T. , Frankle S. , Gibson N. , Haeck W. , Herman M.W. , Hutchinson J. , Kleedtke N. , Michaud I.J. , Rising M.E. , Smith T. , Thompson N. , Vander Wiel S.
Published: March 2023

The EUCLID (Experiments Underpinned by Computational Learning for Improvements in Nuclear Data) project created a library of sensitivities for nine different integral responses with respect to nuclear data. These integral responses were obtained from measurements at LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) pulsed spheres, critical and sub-critical assemblies. At the same time, covariances for ENDF/B-VIII.0 were processed at LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory). The combination of these data allow us to study the impact of nuclear-data covariances on various integral responses, either by forward-propagating covariances via sensitivities, or by using nuclear data, integral responses, and sensitivities for adjustment. Here, we will present: the impact of 1H, 9Be, 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, 235,238U, and 239,240Pu ENDF/B-VIII.0 covariances on simulated bounds of the following integral responses: LLNL pulsed-spheres neutron-leakage spectra, the effective neutron multiplication factor, reaction rates, and reactivity coefficients of ICSBEP critical assemblies. Also, adjustment results with the same nuclear-data covariances and responses will be discussed.

LA-UR-22-31309
Practicalities of Bayesian network modeling for nuclear data evaluation with the nucdataBaynet package
Authors: Schnabel Georg
Published: March 2023

Bayesian networks are a helpful abstraction in the modelization of the relationships between different variables for the purpose of uncertainty quantification. They are therefore especially well suited for the application to nuclear data evaluation to accurately model the relationships of experimental and nuclear models. Constraints, such as sum rules and the non-negativity of cross sections, can be rigorously taken into account in Bayesian inference within Bayesian networks. This contribution elaborates on the practical aspects of the construction of Bayesian networks with the nucdataBaynet package for the purpose of nuclear data evaluation.
Marginalization methods for the production of conservative covariance on nuclear data
Authors: Tamagno Pierre
Published: March 2023

The production of evaluated nuclear data consists not only in the determination of best estimate values for the quantities of interest but also on the estimation of the related uncertainties and correlations. When nuclear data are evaluated with underlying nuclear reaction models, model parameters are expected to synthesize all the information that is extracted from the experimental data they are adjusted on. When dealing with models with a small number of parameters compared to the number of experimental data points – e.g. in resonant cross section analysis – one sometimes faces excessively small evaluated uncertainty compared for instance with model/experimental data agreement. To solve this issue, an attempt was to propagate the uncertainty coming from experimental parameters involved in the data reduction process on the nuclear physics model parameters. It pushed experimentalists to separately supply random (statistical) and systematic uncertainties. It also pushed evaluators to include or mimic the data reduction process in the evaluation. In this way experimental parameters – also called nuisance parameters – could be used to increase evaluated parameter uncertainty through marginalization techniques. Two of these methods: Matrix and Bayesian marginalizations – respectively called sometimes Analytical and Monte-Carlo Marginalizations – that are currently used for evaluation will be discussed here and some limitations highlighted. A third alternative method, also based on a Bayesian approach but using the spectral decomposition of the correlation matrix, is also presented on a toy model, and on a a simple case of resonant cross section analysis.
The Covariance of PFNS Results from the Chi-Nu Experiment
Authors: Kelly Keegan J. , O’Donnell John M. , Devlin Matthew
Published: March 2023

The prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) from neutron-induced fission is a fundamental quantity for the behavior of nuclear reactors, and has been measured many times on a wide variety of nuclei and covering different ranges of incident and emitted neutron energies. However, results from past measurements are frequently called into question in modern nuclear data evaluations because of a lack of thorough experimental documentation and incomplete uncertainty analyses. The Chi-Nu experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory was designed to produce high-precision measurements of the PFNS of major actinides over a wide range of incident and emitted neutron energies, and with the documentation and covariance analysis required to ensure that the results of this experiment maintain their impact long into the future, thereby avoiding this pitfall of past measurements. In this work we describe the Chi-Nu experiment along with summaries of the treatment of and methods developed to address two important components of the analysis of Chi-Nu data: random-coincidence backgrounds and MCNP simulations. Furthermore, we describe the first results for correlations not just between all data points collected on a single target nucleus, but also between all data points from separate Chi-Nu measurements on 235U and 239Pu. These correlations are important for accurately calculating ratios of the PFNS from one actinide to another, which are rare and can be informative for nuclear data evaluation efforts.
The History of Women Leaders in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Lowry Ann C.
Published: March 2023

Women started to enter the specialty of colon and rectal surgery in the early 1970s. However, it was rare for a woman to hold a leadership position in the specialty before 2000. Since then, considerable progress has been made, although the percentage of women leaders does not yet approach the percentage of women in the field. This article focuses on the history of women in leadership positions in the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Research Foundation, and the Association of Program Directors in Colon and Rectal Surgery as well the Diseases of the Colon and Rectum and academic departments. Early women leaders shared some common attributes that have contributed to their success. This article reviews some barriers to increasing the number of women in leadership positions; most will be reviewed in other sections in this issue.
Exergetic and environmental life cycle assessments for waste cooking oil microemulsion biofuel in compression ignition engine
Authors: Bora Plaban , Kakoti Jyotishmanyu , Saikia Pranaynil , Talukdar Nayan Jyoti , Phukan Mayur Mausoom , Rakshit Dibakar
Published: March 2023

Biofuels are considered as the alternative to petrofuels in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. However, investigations on combustion exergy, exergetic life cycle, and environmental impacts are imperative for understanding the sustainability of biofuel in engine applications. In the present study, the sustainability of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) microemulsion biofuel in CI engines is validated by evaluating the life cycle performances, emission characteristics, and cogeneration potential. The life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis indicated that the environmental impact of fossil resource exploitation could be reduced up to 34% with WCO microemulsion biofuel–petrodiesel blends (WMBDs) in comparison to petrodiesel. Moreover, CO, CO2, and NOx emissions decreased for WMBDs at different load conditions. In addition, WMBDs exhibited higher cylinder pressure and the highest net heat release rate (NHRRmax) than petrodiesel. WMBDs showed the net system exergy output, relative shares of brake power, and exhaust exergy comparable to petrodiesel, justifying the cogeneration potential of the formulated WCO microemulsion blends. In addition, WMBDs exhibited higher utilization efficiency over petrodiesel in exergetic life cycle assessment analysis. Furthermore, the resource utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability could be increased up to 27.76% and 26.62%, respectively, with waste heat recovery (cogeneration) facility for WMBDs. CI engines (both with and without integrated cogeneration facility) fueled with WMBDs outperformed petrodiesel in terms of environmental sustainability.
Influence of doping and thickness on domain avalanches in lead zirconate titanate thin films
Authors: Peters Travis , Zhu Wanlin , Checa Marti , Collins Liam , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: March 2023

In undoped lead zirconate titanate films of 1–2 μm thick, domain walls move in clusters with a correlation length of approximately 0.5–2 μm. Band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy mapping of the piezoelectric nonlinearity revealed that niobium (Nb) doping increases the average concentration or mobility of domain walls without changing the cluster area of correlated domain wall motion. In contrast, manganese (Mn) doping reduces the contribution of mobile domain walls to the dielectric and piezoelectric responses without changing the cluster area for correlated motion. In both Nb and Mn doped films, the cluster area increases and the cluster density drops as the film thickness increases from 250 to 1250 nm. This is evident in spatial maps generated from the analysis of irreversible to reversible ratios of the Rayleigh coefficients.
Digital distribution processes and “new” research tools in SM-CDS
Authors: Esposito Eleonora , KhosraviNik Majid
Published: March 2023

The present chapter aspires to clarify the critical role of different distribution processes in conceptual organisation for Social Media CDS (SM-CDS), an emerging theory and method wherein the specific nature and context of digitally mediated meaning-making is structurally integrated into CDS research (KhosraviNik 2020; KhosraviNik and Esposito 2018). In order to map key distribution processes and critical caveats around them in the digital sphere, we discuss some specific theoretical views around the notion of the distribution process in CDS, introduce analytical tools and techniques for the visualisation and analysis of social media data, and show how they can work as complementary techniques for SM-CDS studies. While rooted in core critical discursive principles, in fact, SM-CDS aspires to selectively and systematically incorporate digital theory approaches such as data science and analytics, visualization methods and videography, among others. In particular, we present three different methods, namely Social Network Analysis, Sentiment Analysis, and Digital Ethnography, as useful approaches to explore complex aspects of discursive distribution, affectivity, social and power relations in the cybersphere.
Social media soft affective politics through discursive and algorithmic synchronization
Authors: Sinatora Francesco L.
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores the link between language, social media, and affective politics through the case study of a YouTube commercial by the Kuwaiti telecommunication company Zain. The video, which exhorts Muslims to reject Islamic terrorism and embrace a moderate version of Islam through a hybrid, emotional mixture of language, music, and images of victims of terrorism, generated a large response among Arab and international audiences, who aligned with its progressive message. Drawing on the notion of “synchronization” (Al Zidjaly 2012; Blommaert 2005), I argue that the commercial constitutes an example of soft affective politics, which reinforces dominant discourses about radical, ‘moderate’ Islam, and about the conflicts in the Arab world by capitalizing on the indexicality of multimodal communication and on the ranking algorithm of the YouTube comments section. I suggest the term algorithmic synchronization to explain the way in which, by displaying more recent and more popular comments on top, the YouTube algorithm erases the historical complexity surrounding discourses of religion, terrorism, and conflict in the Middle East. The study shows how the algorithms of the comments section yield more visibility to the comments aligning with the commercial, thus creating a discursive interpretive nudge and manipulating the discursive power of the representation. The analysis of algorithmic synchronization underlying soft affective discourse is in line with proposals around the need for “Techno-Discursive” approaches which situate a “micro” analysis of linguistic dynamics within the “macro” power-discursive environment (KhosraviNik 2017b, 2018).
Coexisting point attractors, multi-transient behaviors, area-preserving chaotic systems, non-degenerate hyperchaotic systems derived from a simple 3D discrete system
Authors: Fan Chunlei , Ding Qun
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose a simple 3D discrete system with a variety of interesting dynamic behaviors. When the control parameters of the discrete system are set to different appropriate values, the system is transformed into four distinct systems, namely a discrete system with coexisting point attractors, a discrete system with novel multi-transient behaviors, an area-preserving map, and a non-degenerate hyperchaotic system. This transient transition behavior is manifested as a switch between multiple quasi-periodic flows. This multi-transient behavior is rarely reported in discrete systems. In addition, to meet the requirements of chaotic secure communication, relevant experiments prove that the pixel scrambling effect of the proposed area-preserving map is better than that of the 3D digital Arnold map. Moreover, a PRNG is constructed by quantizing the proposed non-degenerate hyperchaotic system, and the PRNG can pass the NIST SP-800-22 test and show good randomness.