bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future Projections of Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification in Connecticut Reservoirs and Possible Implications for Cyanobacteria
Authors: Mullin Cristina A. , Kirchhoff Christine J. , Wang Guiling , Vlahos Penny
Published: September 2020

Future climate warming may increase water temperature, stratification, and the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms in drinking water reservoirs. Herein, past relationships between air temperature, water temperature, thermal stratification, and cyanobacteria prevalence are quantified in six Connecticut, U.S.A., reservoirs. Lake‐specific empirical models were developed and used to project historical (1971–2000) and future (mid‐century, 2041–2070) water temperature and thermal stratification in the study lakes. Projections are driven with downscaled air temperature projections from three general circulation models (i.e., HadGEM2‐CC365, CCSM4, and GFDL‐ESM 2M) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Results suggest that reservoirs in Connecticut are warming relatively quickly over time and that surface, average, and bottom water temperatures may continue to increase by 0.44°C, 0.30°C, and 0.16°C per decade, respectively. Future projections of thermal stratification indicate that significant increases may occur in July–September and that stratification is likely to begin 2–4 weeks earlier and last 2–4 weeks longer by mid‐century. High‐risk cyanobacteria blooms, defined as those exceeding 70,000 cells ml−1, historically occurred in three of the study reservoirs and are correlated with the occurrence of high surface water temperatures, cool bottom water temperatures, and high total Relative Thermal Resistance to Mixing (RTRM). Days per year with extreme high water temperatures and total RTRM are projected to increase significantly in the future. This shift may favor increased dominance of certain cyanobacteria species that tend to grow best in these extreme conditions, especially in reservoirs where cyanobacteria blooms are already a concern.
Etiology-specific variation in survival following non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a causal inference approach using data from a population-based cohort
Authors: Buzzell Anne , Chamberlain Jonviea D. , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Jordan Xavier , Schubert Martin , Zwahlen Marcel , Brinkhof Martin W. G.
Published: September 2020

Study design

Observational, population-based cohort study.

Objectives

To evaluate the origin and contribution to excess of survival differences following non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) using etiology as proxy for variation in underlying health condition.

Setting

Specialized rehabilitation centers in Switzerland.

Methods

Medical record data collected by the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury cohort (SwiSCI) study were linked with mortality information from the Swiss National Cohort. Considering contemporary theory and empirical evidence, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) was developed to formally evaluate causal differences among NTSCI etiologies, relative to traumatic SCI (TSCI). Statistical inference was contingent on hazard ratios (HRs) and marginal survival differences, derived using flexible parametric modeling.

Results

3643 individuals (NTSCI = 1357; TSCI = 2286) diagnosed with SCI between 1990 and 2011 were included, contributing a cumulative 41,344 person-years and 1323 deaths. Test statistics confirmed DAG-dataset consistency. As compared to TSCI, mortality was elevated in all NTSCI etiological groups; malignant etiologies had the highest HRs (10; 95% CI, 8.0 to 14) followed by infection (2.6; 1.8 to 3.6) and vascular (2.5; 2.0 to 3.2) etiology groups. At the attained age of 55, the estimated reduction in survival among non-malignant etiologies was 9.4% (5.8 to 13) at 5 years and 17% (11 to 23) at 20 years.

Conclusions

Causal differences in survival among NTSCI etiological groups are likely a result of chronic variation in health conditions. This study supports the development of long-term interdisciplinary management and policy for individuals with NTSCI, specific to etiology.
Immunophenotype based on inflammatory cells, PD-1/PD-L1 signalling pathway and M2 macrophages predicts survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Junttila Anna , Helminen Olli , Väyrynen Juha P. , Ahtiainen Maarit , Kenessey Istvan , Jalkanen Sirpa , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Kellokumpu Ilmo , Kuopio Teijo , Böhm Jan , Mrena Johanna
Published: September 2020

Background

Immune response against cancer has prognostic impact but its role in gastric cancer is poorly known. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of immune cell score (CD3+, CD8+), tumour immune escape (PD-L1, PD-1) and immune tolerance (Clever-1).

Methods

After exclusion of Epstein-Barr virus positive (n = 4) and microsatellite instable (n = 6) tumours, the study included 122 patients with GC undergoing D2 gastrectomy. CD3+ and CD8+ based ICS, PD-L1, PD-1 and Clever-1 expressions were evaluated. Differences in survival were examined using Cox regression adjusted for confounders. The primary outcome was 5-year survival.

Results

The 5-year overall survival rate was 43.4%. High ICS was associated with improved overall survival (adjusted HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.26–0.87)) compared to low ICS. In the high ICS group, patients with PD-L1 expression (5-year survival 69.2 vs. 53.1%, p = 0.317), high PD-1 (5-year survival 70.6 vs. 55.3% p = 0.312) and high Clever-1 (5-year survival 72.0% vs. 45.5% (p = 0.070) had poor prognosis.

Conclusions

High ICS was associated with improved survival. In the high ICS group, patients with high PD-L1, PD-1 and Clever-1 had poor prognosis highlighting the importance of immune escape and immune tolerance in GC.
SerpinA3N deficiency deteriorates impairments of learning and memory in mice following hippocampal stab injury
Authors: Wang Zhi-Meng , Liu Cong , Wang Ying-Ying , Deng Yu-Sen , He Xuan-Cheng , Du Hong-Zhen , Liu Chang-Mei , Teng Zhao-Qian
Published: September 2020

Traumatic brain injury is a global leading cause of disability and death, which puts patients at high risk for developing dementia. Early intervention is believed as the key to minimize the development of brain damages that could aggravate the symptoms. Here, we report that the serine protease inhibitor SerpinA3N is upregulated in hippocampal neurons in the early stage of hippocampal stab injury (HSI), while its deficiency causes a greater degree of neuronal apoptosis and severer impairments of spatial learning and memory in mice after HSI. We further show that MMP2 is a key substrate of SerpinA3N, and MMP2 specific inhibitor (ARP100) can protect against neuronal apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction in mice after HSI. These findings demonstrate a critical role for SerpinA3N in neuroprotection, suggesting that SerpinA3N and MMP2 inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic agents for neurotrauma.
Apoptotic stress induces Bax-dependent, caspase-independent redistribution of LINC complex nesprins
Authors: Lindenboim Liora , Grozki Dan , Amsalem-Zafran Ayelet R. , Peña-Blanco Aida , Gundersen Gregg G. , Borner Christoph , Hodzic Didier , Garcia-Sáez Ana J. , Worman Howard J. , Stein Reuven
Published: September 2020

The canonical function of Bcl-2 family proteins is to regulate mitochondrial membrane integrity. In response to apoptotic signals the multi-domain pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak are activated and perforate the mitochondrial outer membrane by a mechanism which is inhibited by their interaction with pro-survival members of the family. However, other studies have shown that Bax and Bak may have additional, non-canonical functions, which include stress-induced nuclear envelope rupture and discharge of nuclear proteins into the cytosol. We show here that the apoptotic stimuli cisplatin and staurosporine induce a Bax/Bak-dependent degradation and subcellular redistribution of nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 but not nesprin-3, of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. The degradation and redistribution were caspase-independent and did not occur in Bax/Bak double knockout (DKO) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Re-expression of Bax in Bax/Bak DKO MEFs restored stress-induced redistribution of nesprin-2 by a mechanism which requires Bax membrane localization and integrity of the α helices 5/6, and the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain. We found that nesprin-2 interacts with Bax in close proximity to perinuclear mitochondria in mouse and human cells. This interaction requires the mitochondrial targeting and N-terminal region but not the BH3 domain of Bax. Our results identify nesprin-2 as a Bax binding partner and also a new function of Bax in impairing the integrity of the LINC complex.
Nonsense variants of STAG2 result in distinct congenital anomalies
Authors: Aoi Hiromi , Lei Ming , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Nishioka Nobuko , Goto Tomohide , Miyama Sahoko , Suzuki Toshifumi , Iwama Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Yuri , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: September 2020

Herein, we report two female cases with novel nonsense mutations of STAG2 at Xq25, encoding stromal antigen 2, a component of the cohesion complex. Exome analysis identified c.3097 C>T, p.(Arg1033*) in Case 1 (a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies) and c.2229 G>A, p.(Trp743*) in Case 2 (a 7-year-old girl with white matter hypoplasia and cleft palate). X inactivation was highly skewed in both cases.
An integrated personal and population-based Egyptian genome reference
Authors: Wohlers Inken , Künstner Axel , Munz Matthias , Olbrich Michael , Fähnrich Anke , Calonga-Solís Verónica , Ma Caixia , Hirose Misa , El-Mosallamy Shaaban , Salama Mohamed , Busch Hauke , Ibrahim Saleh
Published: September 2020

A small number of de novo assembled human genomes have been reported to date, and few have been complemented with population-based genetic variation, which is particularly important for North Africa, a region underrepresented in current genome-wide references. Here, we combine long- and short-read whole-genome sequencing data with recent assembly approaches into a de novo assembly of an Egyptian genome. The assembly demonstrates well-balanced quality metrics and is complemented with variant phasing via linked reads into haploblocks, which we associate with gene expression changes in blood. To construct an Egyptian genome reference, we identify genome-wide genetic variation within a cohort of 110 Egyptian individuals. We show that differences in allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium between Egyptians and Europeans may compromise the transferability of European ancestry-based genetic disease risk and polygenic scores, substantiating the need for multi-ethnic genome references. Thus, the Egyptian genome reference will be a valuable resource for precision medicine.
DsbA-L mediated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice
Authors: Li Xiaozhou , Pan Jian , Li Huiling , Li Guangdi , Liu Xiangfeng , Liu Bohao , He Zhibiao , Peng Zhengyu , Zhang Hongliang , Li Yijian , Xiang Xudong , Chai Xiangping , Yuan Yunchang , Zheng Peilin , Liu Feng , Zhang Dongshan
Published: September 2020

Recent studies have reported that upregulation of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) prevented lipid-induced renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the role and regulation of proximal tubular DsbA-L for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) remains unclear. In current study, we found that a proximal tubules-specific DsbA-L knockout mouse (PT-DsbA-L-KO) attenuated UUO-induced TIF, renal cell apoptosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, the DsbA-L interacted with Hsp90 in mitochondria of BUMPT cells which activated the signaling of Smad3 and p53 to produce connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and then resulted in accumulation of ECM of BUMPT cells and mouse kidney fibroblasts. In addition, the progression of TIF caused by UUO, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R), aristolochic acid, and repeated acute low-dose cisplatin was also alleviated in PT-DsbA-L-KO mice via the activation of Hsp90 /Smad3 and p53/CTGF axis. Finally, the above molecular changes were verified in the kidney biopsies from patients with obstructive nephropathy (Ob). Together, these results suggest that DsbA-L in proximal tubular cells promotes TIF via activation of the Hsp90 /Smad3 and p53/CTGF axis.
Rapid and direct control of target protein levels with VHL-recruiting dTAG molecules
Authors: Nabet Behnam , Ferguson Fleur M. , Seong Bo Kyung A. , Kuljanin Miljan , Leggett Alan L. , Mohardt Mikaela L. , Robichaud Amanda , Conway Amy S. , Buckley Dennis L. , Mancias Joseph D. , Bradner James E. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Gray Nathanael S.
Published: September 2020

Chemical biology strategies for directly perturbing protein homeostasis including the degradation tag (dTAG) system provide temporal advantages over genetic approaches and improved selectivity over small molecule inhibitors. We describe dTAGV-1, an exclusively selective VHL-recruiting dTAG molecule, to rapidly degrade FKBP12F36V-tagged proteins. dTAGV-1 overcomes a limitation of previously reported CRBN-recruiting dTAG molecules to degrade recalcitrant oncogenes, supports combination degrader studies and facilitates investigations of protein function in cells and mice.
Multiplex flow magnetic tweezers reveal rare enzymatic events with single molecule precision
Authors: Agarwal Rohit , Duderstadt Karl E.
Published: September 2020

The application of forces and torques on the single molecule level has transformed our understanding of the dynamic properties of biomolecules, but rare intermediates have remained difficult to characterize due to limited throughput. Here, we describe a method that provides a 100-fold improvement in the throughput of force spectroscopy measurements with topological control, which enables routine imaging of 50,000 single molecules and a 100 million reaction cycles in parallel. This improvement enables detection of rare events in the life cycle of the cell. As a demonstration, we characterize the supercoiling dynamics and drug-induced DNA break intermediates of topoisomerases. To rapidly quantify distinct classes of dynamic behaviors and rare events, we developed a software platform with an automated feature classification pipeline. The method and software can be readily adapted for studies of a broad range of complex, multistep enzymatic pathways in which rare intermediates have escaped classification due to limited throughput.
Controlling in-gap end states by linking nonmagnetic atoms and artificially-constructed spin chains on superconductors
Authors: Schneider Lucas , Brinker Sascha , Steinbrecher Manuel , Hermenau Jan , Posske Thore , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Lounis Samir , Wiesendanger Roland , Wiebe Jens
Published: September 2020

Chains of magnetic atoms with either strong spin-orbit coupling or spiral magnetic order which are proximity-coupled to superconducting substrates can host topologically non-trivial Majorana bound states. The experimental signature of these states consists of spectral weight at the Fermi energy which is spatially localized near the ends of the chain. However, topologically trivial Yu-Shiba-Rusinov in-gap states localized near the ends of the chain can lead to similar spectra. Here, we explore a protocol to disentangle these contributions by artificially augmenting a candidate Majorana spin chain with orbitally-compatible nonmagnetic atoms. Combining scanning tunneling spectroscopy with ab-initio and tight-binding calculations, we realize a sharp spatial transition between the proximity-coupled spiral magnetic order and the non-magnetic superconducting wire termination, with persistent zero-energy spectral weight localized at either end of the magnetic spiral. Our findings open a new path towards the control of the spatial position of in-gap end states, trivial or Majorana, via different chain terminations, and the realization of designer Majorana chain networks for demonstrating topological quantum computation.
Electron hydrodynamics in anisotropic materials
Authors: Varnavides Georgios , Jermyn Adam S. , Anikeeva Polina , Felser Claudia , Narang Prineha
Published: September 2020

Rotational invariance strongly constrains the viscosity tensor of classical fluids. When this symmetry is broken in anisotropic materials a wide array of novel phenomena become possible. We explore electron fluid behaviors arising from the most general viscosity tensors in two and three dimensions, constrained only thermodynamics and crystal symmetries. We find nontrivial behaviors in both two- and three-dimensional materials, including imprints of the crystal symmetry on the large-scale flow pattern. Breaking time-reversal symmetry introduces a non-dissipative Hall component to the viscosity tensor, and while this vanishes for 3D isotropic systems we show it need not for anisotropic materials. Further, for such systems we find that the electronic fluid stress can couple to the vorticity without breaking time-reversal symmetry. Our work demonstrates the anomalous landscape for electron hydrodynamics in systems beyond graphene, and presents experimental geometries to quantify the effects of electronic viscosity.
Multiple neoplasia in a patient with Gitelman syndrome harboring germline monoallelic MUTYH mutation
Authors: Chan Jason Yongsheng , Toh Ming Ren , Chong Siao Ting , Ishak Nur Diana Binte , Kolinjivadi Arun Mouli , Chan Sock Hoai , Lee Elizabeth , Boot Arnoud , Shao-Tzu Li , Chew Min-Hoe , Ngeow Joanne
Published: September 2020

Gitelman syndrome is a rare, recessively inherited disease characterized by chronic hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia as a result of defective electrolyte co-transport at the level of the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Here, we present the first report of a patient with Gitelman syndrome who developed multiple neoplasia including colorectal polyposis, synchronous colorectal cancers, recurrent breast fibroadenomata and a desmoid tumor. Whole-exome sequencing confirmed germline compound heterozygous mutations of c.179C > T and c.1326C > G in SLC12A3, and in addition, identified a monoallelic germline c.934-2A > G splice site mutation in MUTYH. In vitro, magnesium deficiency potentiated oxidative DNA damage in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the same patient. We postulate that monoallelic MUTYH mutations may manifest in the presence of cooperative non-genetic mechanisms, in this case possibly magnesium deficiency from Gitelman syndrome.
Variational fast forwarding for quantum simulation beyond the coherence time
Authors: Cîrstoiu Cristina , Holmes Zoë , Iosue Joseph , Cincio Lukasz , Coles Patrick J. , Sornborger Andrew
Published: September 2020

Trotterization-based, iterative approaches to quantum simulation (QS) are restricted to simulation times less than the coherence time of the quantum computer (QC), which limits their utility in the near term. Here, we present a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, called variational fast forwarding (VFF), for decreasing the quantum circuit depth of QSs. VFF seeks an approximate diagonalization of a short-time simulation to enable longer-time simulations using a constant number of gates. Our error analysis provides two results: (1) the simulation error of VFF scales at worst linearly in the fast-forwarded simulation time, and (2) our cost function’s operational meaning as an upper bound on average-case simulation error provides a natural termination condition for VFF. We implement VFF for the Hubbard, Ising, and Heisenberg models on a simulator. In addition, we implement VFF on Rigetti’s QC to demonstrate simulation beyond the coherence time. Finally, we show how to estimate energy eigenvalues using VFF.
Technological approaches to streamline vaccination schedules, progressing towards single-dose vaccines
Authors: Lofano Giuseppe , Mallett Corey P. , Bertholet Sylvie , O’Hagan Derek T.
Published: September 2020

Vaccines represent the most successful medical intervention in history, with billions of lives saved. Although multiple doses of the same vaccine are typically required to reach an adequate level of protection, it would be advantageous to develop vaccines that induce protective immunity with fewer doses, ideally just one. Single-dose vaccines would be ideal to maximize vaccination coverage, help stakeholders to greatly reduce the costs associated with vaccination, and improve patient convenience. Here we describe past attempts to develop potent single dose vaccines and explore the reasons they failed. Then, we review key immunological mechanisms of the vaccine-specific immune responses, and how innovative technologies and approaches are guiding the preclinical and clinical development of potent single-dose vaccines. By modulating the spatio-temporal delivery of the vaccine components, by providing the appropriate stimuli to the innate immunity, and by designing better antigens, the new technologies and approaches leverage our current knowledge of the immune system and may synergize to enable the rational design of next-generation vaccination strategies. This review provides a rational perspective on the possible development of future single-dose vaccines.
Light intensity regulates flower visitation in Neotropical nocturnal bees
Authors: Liporoni Rodolfo , Cordeiro Guaraci Duran , Prado Paulo Inácio , Schlindwein Clemens , Warrant Eric James , Alves-dos-Santos Isabel
Published: September 2020

The foraging activity of diurnal bees often relies on flower availability, light intensity and temperature. We do not know how nocturnal bees, which fly at night and twilight, cope with these factors, especially as light levels vary considerably from night to day and from night to night due to moon phase and cloud cover. Given that bee apposition compound eyes function at their limits in dim light, we expect a strong dependence of foraging activity on light intensity in nocturnal bees. Besides being limited by minimum light levels to forage, nocturnal bees should also avoid foraging at brighter intensities, which bring increased competition with other bees. We investigated how five factors (light intensity, flower availability, temperature, humidity, and wind) affect flower visitation by Neotropical nocturnal bees in cambuci (Campomanesia phaea, Myrtaceae). We counted visits per minute over 30 nights in 33 cambuci trees. Light intensity was the main variable explaining flower visitation of nocturnal bees, which peaked at intermediate light levels occurring 25 min before sunrise. The minimum light intensity threshold to visit flowers was 0.00024 cd/m2. Our results highlight the dependence of these nocturnal insects on adequate light levels to explore resources.
Wearing compression garments differently affects monopodal postural balance in high-level athletes
Authors: Baige Kévin , Noé Frédéric , Paillard Thierry
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the acute effects of compression garments (CG) on balance control in elite athletes. 15 male professional handball players were recruited. They had to stand as motionless as possible in a monopedal stance on a force plate with the eyes closed and on a wobble board with the eyes open, while wearing CG or not. Centre of foot pressure mean velocity and surface area were calculated. Statistics were first calculated with the data from the whole sample. A hierarchical cluster analysis was also performed in order to categorize the participants’ behaviours into subgroups with similar characteristics. The whole group analysis showed that there were no significant effects attributed to CG. The clustering analysis identified two distinct and homogeneous subgroups of participants. Only athletes with the best balance abilities at baseline could benefit from CG wearing to improve their balance control. These athletes, who swayed less and were more sensitive to somatosensory manipulation due to CG wearing, seem to control balance by adopting a support-dependent preferred sensorimotor tactic. Our findings suggest that amongst high-level athletes, the ability to benefit from CG wearing to improve balance control seems to depend on participants’ intrinsic balance skills and/or preferred sensorimotor tactics.
Increased extreme precipitation challenges nitrogen load management to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lu Chaoqun , Zhang Jien , Tian Hanqin , Crumpton William G. , Helmers Mathew J. , Cai Wei-Jun , Hopkinson Charles S. , Lohrenz Steven E.
Published: September 2020

Although the hypoxia formation in the Gulf of Mexico is predominantly driven by increased riverine nitrogen (N) export from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River basin, it remains unclear how hydroclimate extremes affect downstream N loads. Using a process-based hydro-ecological model, we reveal that over 60% of the land area of the Basin has experienced increasing extreme precipitation since 2000, and this area yields over 80% of N leaching loss across the region. Despite occurring in ~9 days year−1, extreme precipitation events contribute ~1/3 of annual precipitation, and ~1/3 of total N yield on average. Both USGS monitoring and our modeling estimates demonstrate an approximately 30% higher annual N load in the years with extreme river flow than the long-term median. Our model suggests that N load could be reduced by up to 16% merely by modifying fertilizer application timing but increasing contribution of extreme precipitation is shown to diminish this potential.
Coincident locations of rupture nucleation during the 2019 Le Teil earthquake, France and maximum stress change from local cement quarrying
Authors: De Novellis Vincenzo , Convertito Vincenzo , Valkaniotis Sotiris , Casu Francesco , Lanari Riccardo , Monterroso Tobar Mario Fernando , Pino Nicola Alessandro
Published: September 2020

Earthquake occurrence is ultimately controlled by tectonic stress load. Nevertheless, the 2019, Mw = 4.9, Le Teil earthquake in southern France occurred in an area where strain rates are relatively low. Human operations can produce increases in stress load and degradation of strength on nearby active faults, which raises the potential for failure. Here we present estimates of the rupture geometry and source directivity of the Le Teil earthquake based on differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry and seismic data. We find that almost two centuries of mass removal at a nearby cement quarry likely provided the required stress change to hasten the occurrence of the Le Teil earthquake by more than 18,000 years. We suggest that further mass removal in the area might lead to even stronger earthquakes, by activating deeper sectors of the same fault plane.
Comment on “Investigation of Zr(iv) and 89Zr(iv) complexation with hydroxamates: progress towards designing a better chelator than desferrioxamine B for immuno-PET imaging” by F. Guérard, Y.-S. Lee, R. Tripier, L. P. Szajek, J. R. Deschamps and M. W. Brechbiel, Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 1002
Authors: Bianchi Antonio , Savastano Matteo
Published: September 2020

Our results show that Zr(iv) has no special properties in the formation of hydroxamate complexes and confirm that it is able to bind up to four hydroxamate groups in solution, although with a normal decreasing ability in the successive steps.
Au-Catalyzed intermolecular (3 + 2 + 1) and (5 + 2) cycloaddition for the synthesis of 1,4-dioxenes and 4,7-dihydrooxepines
Authors: Liu Congrong , Xu Jin , Wu Gongde
Published: September 2020

Two efficient intermolecular (3 + 2 + 1) and (5 + 2) cycloadditions for the synthesis of 1,4-dioxenes and 4,7-dihydrooxepines are achieved with gold catalysis.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative benzylic C(sp3)–H amination: direct synthesis of benzylic carbamates
Authors: Liu Shuai , Achou Raphaël , Boulanger Coline , Pawar Govind , Kumar Nivesh , Lusseau Jonathan , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick
Published: September 2020

A Cu(i)–diimine ligand combined with a N–F source allows the C–H abstraction and incorporation of a carbamate functional group in the hydrocarbons at the benzylic position.
One-step synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from monosaccharides by using lanthanum(iii) triflate, sulfur, and DMSO
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Nhu Ba , Le Hao Anh Nguyen , Ly Phat Duc , Phan Ha Bich , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: September 2020

The one-step dehydration/oxidation of fructose afforded 2,5-diformylfuran in excellent yield with high selectivity.
Electrochemical formation protocols for maximising the life-time of a sodium ion battery
Authors: Kishore Brij , Chen Lin , Dancer Claire E. J. , Kendrick Emma
Published: September 2020

Optimised electrochemical formation protocols with targeted voltage windows increased the stability and resistance of the SEI, resulting in improved capacity retention while significantly reducing formation time for long-life Na-ion batteries.
Tuning the UV spectrum of PAHs by means of different N-doping types taking pyrene as paradigmatic example: categorizationviavalence bond theory and high-level computational approaches
Authors: Shao Xin , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Otyepka Michal , Nachtigallová Dana , Lischka Hans
Published: September 2020

Nitrogen doping leads to biradicloid character and subsequent UV red shift.
Indium phosphasalen catalysts showing high isoselectivity and activity in racemic lactide and lactone ring opening polymerizations
Authors: Yuntawattana Nattawut , McGuire Thomas M. , Durr Christopher B. , Buchard Antoine , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: September 2020

Study of a series of phosphasalen indium alkoxide complexes reveals that the substitution pattern at the phosphorus atoms can deliver outstanding isoselectivity with high rates.
Time-resolved observation of C–C coupling intermediates on Cu electrodes for selective electrochemical CO2reduction
Authors: Kim Younghye , Park Sojung , Shin Seung-Jae , Choi Woong , Min Byoung Koun , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Wooyul , Hwang Yun Jeong
Published: September 2020

In real-time measurements, CO dimerization occurred concurrently with CO adsorption (∼5 s), while proton-coupled reduction toward *CHO has slower kinetics (∼30 s).
Encapsulation ofLactobacillus acidophilusNCDC 016 cells by spray drying: characterization, survival afterin vitrodigestion, and storage stability
Authors: Arepally Divyasree , Reddy Ravula Sudharshan , Goswami Tridib Kumar
Published: September 2020

L. acidophiluswas encapsulated with maltodextrin and different concentrations of gum arabic by spray drying technology. Encapsulated cells have shown better viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions compared to free cells.
Recent advances in the use of catalysts based on natural products for the conversion of CO2into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Claver Carmen , Yeamin Md Bin , Reguero Mar , Masdeu-Bultó Anna M.
Published: September 2020

In this review we present a structured overview of the chemical catalytic systems containing any component derived from a natural product for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides to form cyclic carbonates.
Guide for protein fold change and p-value calculation for non-experts in proteomics
Authors: Aguilan Jennifer T. , Kulej Katarzyna , Sidoli Simone
Published: September 2020

Proteomics data can be processed using simple speadsheet formula.
Catalytic performance of benzoxazine derived ordered mesoporous carbon materials for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene
Authors: Zang Zhouxuan , Chang Yingge , Yu Yi , Zhang Haihan , Xu Li , Liu Guoji
Published: September 2020

This work has presented an experimental process for the preparation of carbon materials and catalytic reaction.
Pd supported N-doped CeO2 as an efficient hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst in PEMFC
Authors: Dao Dung Van , Nguyen Thuy T. D. , Le Thanh Duc , Yoon Jeong-Mo , Lee In-Hwan , Yu Yeon-Tae
Published: September 2020

Loading metal on N-doped oxides is advantageous to improving catalytic activity.
Synthesis and comparative studies of K-region functionalized pyrene derivatives
Authors: Shahrokhi Farshid , Fazli Estabragh Roxana , Zhao Yuming
Published: September 2020

Three new K-region functionalized pyrene derivatives were synthesized and characterized to understand their electronic, redox, and crystallographic properties.
A scalable continuous photochemical process for the generation of aminopropylsulfones
Authors: Bonciolini Stefano , Di Filippo Mara , Baumann Marcus
Published: September 2020

An efficient continuous photochemical process is presented that delivers a series of novel γ-aminopropylsulfones via a tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) catalysed HAT-process.
Induction of immunogenic cell death in cancer cells by a photoactivated platinum(iv) prodrug
Authors: Novohradsky Vojtech , Pracharova Jitka , Kasparkova Jana , Imberti Cinzia , Bridgewater Hannah E. , Sadler Peter J. , Brabec Viktor
Published: September 2020

Photoactivatable prodrug trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] has a unique mechanism of action, distinguishing it from other platinum drugs due to its immunomodulating properties, which enhance its anticancer efficacy.
Pictet–Spengler reaction based on in situ generated α-amino iminium ions through the Heyns rearrangement
Authors: Liang Jun-xiu , Yang Guo-bin , Zhang Yong-po , Guo Dong-dong , Zhao Jin-zhong , Li Guang-xun , Tang Zhuo
Published: September 2020

A useful tandem reaction via the Heyns rearrangement and Pictet–Spengler reaction was developed which ensured the synthesis of complex N-heteropolycycles containing tetrahydro-β-carboline with high yield (up to 96%) and dr (99 : 1).
Dibenzopleiadiene-embeded polyaromatics via [4 + 3] annulative decarbonylation/decarboxylation
Authors: Kantarod Kritchasorn , Worakul Thanapat , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Reutrakul Vichai , Surawatanawong Panida , Wattanathana Worawat , Leowanawat Pawaret
Published: September 2020

A novel and efficient sequential cross-coupling/annulation strategy is developed to construct structurally and optoelectronically diverse class of dibezopleiadiene-embeded polyaromatics.
Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of Ni–Zn–Al ferrite spinel: from the nanoscale to microscale
Authors: Massoudi Jalel , Smari Mourad , Nouri Kamel , Dhahri Essebti , Khirouni Kamel , Bertaina Sylvain , Bessais Lotfi , Hlil El Kebir
Published: September 2020

This article presents the annealing effect on the structural, elastic, thermodynamic, optical, magnetic, and electric properties of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.5Al0.5O4(NZFAO) nanoparticles (NPs).
Azaheterocyclic diphenylmethanol chiral solvating agents for the NMR chiral discrimination of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids
Authors: Li Gao-Wei , Wang Xiao-Juan , Cui Dan-Dan , Zhang Yu-Fei , Xu Rong-Yao , Shi Shuai-Hua , Liu Lan-Tao , Wang Min-Can , Liu Hong-Min , Lei Xin-Xiang
Published: September 2020

Chiral azaheterocycle-containing diphenylmethanols with multiple hydrogen-bonding sites were described and used as NMR chiral solvating agents (CSAs). Highly resolved NMR spectra can be obtained directly in the NMR tube.
Construction of Ag-modified TiO2/ZnO heterojunction nanotree arrays with superior photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Xu Kang , Liu Zhu , Qi Shihan , Yin Zhuangzhuang , Deng Shangkun , Zhang Miao , Sun Zhaoqi
Published: September 2020

The work involves the preparation of TiO2/ZnO heterojunction nanotree arrays by a three-step: hydrothermal, sol–gel, and secondary hydrothermal method, and then modification of Ag quantum dots (QDs).
Co0 superparamagnetic nanoparticles stabilized by an organic layer coating with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Santana Paula A. , Castillo Carolina A. , Michea Sebastián A. , Venegas-Yazigi Diego , Paredes-García Verónica
Published: September 2020

The Co0@C-NPs were obtained using solvothermal synthesis. The Co0@C-NPs were characterized by different techniques and its antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution assay and scanning electron microscope.
Upper and lower bounds for tunneling splittings in a symmetric double-well potential
Authors: Ronto Miklos , Pollak Eli
Published: September 2020

Ground state tunneling gaps: solid circles are mean of eigenvalues and lower bound gaps.
Hearing Care Providers' Perspectives on the Utility of Datalogging Information
Authors: Saunders Gabrielle H. , Bott Anthea , Tietz Lukas H. B.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The aim of the study was to learn (a) how datalogging information is being used in clinical practice by hearing care providers (HCPs) in the United States and (b) HCPs' opinions about how information collected through the hearing aids could be broadened in clinical application.

Method

A mixed-method approach was undertaken consisting of an online quantitative survey and qualitative structured telephone interviews. Survey data were analyzed using descriptives and chi-square analyses. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results

In total, 154 HCPs completed the survey, of whom 10 also completed an interview. Survey data showed that most HCPs use datalogging for conventional applications, such as counseling and fine-tuning during a hearing aid trial. Interview data highlighted four additional desirable datalogging features: (a) data about the sound environment, (b) details about operational aspects of hearing aid use, (c) data about use and nonuse, and (d) automated diagnosis of a hearing aid malfunction. HCPs also envisaged using datalogging in novel ways, such as for demonstrating hearing aid value and supporting decision making.

Conclusions

Today, datalogging is primarily used as a tool for counseling clients about hours and patterns of hearing aid use and for troubleshooting and fine-tuning. However, HCPs suggested novel and more ambitious uses of datalogging such as for sending alerts about nonuse, for automated diagnosis of a hearing aid malfunction, and for helping the client in their decision making. It remains to be seen whether in the future these will be implemented into clinical practice.
Full state constraints control of switched complex networks based on time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions
Authors: Enchang Cui , Yuanwei Jing , Xiaoting Gao
Published: September 2020

This manuscript proposes an adaptive backstepping synchronous control method with full state constraints by drawing into the time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions (T‐BLFs) for a kind of uncertain switched complex networks. Generally, a complex dynamic network in practical terms either possesses a switched topology or its nodes are with switched parameters. In this context, the synchronisation problem of the switched complex network is tackled by utilising adaptive backstepping method after converting switched complex network into the non‐autonomous strict feedback form. Meanwhile, most of the system states are supposed to be constrained during the switch over the procedure. Thus, the constraint‐handling method based on T‐BLFs is developed in the backstepping process to guarantee the full state restriction boundaries are not violated, and then to realise the asymptotic stability of the nodes states of the switched complex networks. Four simulation examples are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Forecasting usage and bike distribution of dockless bike‐sharing using journey data
Authors: Hua Mingzhuang , Chen Jingxu , Chen Xuewu , Gan Zuoxian , Wang Pengfei , Zhao De
Published: September 2020

Dockless bike‐sharing (DBS) is a novel and prevalent bike‐sharing system without stations or docks. DBS has the advantages of convenience and real‐time positioning, whereas it brings about some problems such as bike over‐supply, disordered parking, and inefficient rebalancing. Forecasting usage and bike distribution are critical in the rebalancing operation for maintaining DBS inventory. By dividing the virtual stations through K ‐means clustering and processing the four‐week Mobike journey data of Nanjing, China, the data of usage and bike count in the 4000 virtual stations are identified. Random forest (RF) is developed to predict the real‐time passenger departure, passenger arrival and bike count in the virtual stations. The operation analyses indicate that there is a positive correlation between bike count and usage. RF provides accurate predictions of usage and bike distribution, and almost outperforms five benchmark methods. Forecasting bike distribution is more challenging than forecasting usage because of the volatility of many factors. The results also suggest that bike distribution forecasting based on the usage gap prediction is better than that based on the departure and arrival prediction. This study can help DBS companies in dynamically rebalancing bikes from over‐supply regions to over‐demand regions in a better way.
Apsidal motion in the massive binary HD 152248
Authors: Rosu S. , Noels A. , Dupret M.-A. , Rauw G. , Farnir M. , Ekström S.
Published: September 2020

Context. Apsidal motion in massive eccentric binaries offers precious information about the internal structure of the stars. This is especially true for twin binaries consisting of two nearly identical stars.

Aims. We make use of the tidally induced apsidal motion in the twin binary HD 152248 to infer constraints on the internal structure of the O7.5 III-II stars composing this system.

Methods. We build stellar evolution models with the code Clés assuming different prescriptions for the internal mixing occurring inside the stars. We identify the models that best reproduce the observationally determined present-day properties of the components of HD 152248, as well as their internal structure constants, and the apsidal motion rate of the system. We analyse the impact on the results of some poorly constrained input parameters in the models, including overshooting, turbulent diffusion, and metallicity. We further build “single” and “binary” GENEC models that account for stellar rotation to investigate the impacts of binarity and rotation. We discuss some effects that could bias our interpretation of the apsidal motion in terms of the internal structure constant.

Results. The analysis of the Clés models reveals that reproducing the observed k2 value and rate of apsidal motion simultaneously with the other stellar parameters requires a significant amount of internal mixing (either turbulent diffusion, overshooting, or rotational mixing) or enhanced mass-loss. The results obtained with the GENEC models suggest that a single-star evolution model is sufficient to describe the physics inside this binary system. We suggest that, qualitatively, the high turbulent diffusion required to reproduce the observations could be partly attributed to stellar rotation. We show that higher-order terms in the apsidal motion are negligible. Only a very severe misalignment of the rotation axes with respect to the normal to the orbital plane could significantly impact the rate of apsidal motion, but such a high misalignment is highly unlikely in such a binary system.

Conclusions. We infer an age estimate of 5.15 ± 0.13 Myr for the binary system and initial masses of 32.8 ± 0.6 M⊙ for both stars.
Accelerated particle beams in a 3D simulation of the quiet Sun
Authors: Frogner L. , Gudiksen B. V. , Bakke H.
Published: September 2020

Context. Observational and theoretical evidence suggest that beams of accelerated particles are produced in flaring events of all sizes in the solar atmosphere, from X-class flares to nanoflares. Current models of these types of particles in flaring loops assume an isolated 1D atmosphere.

Aims. A more realistic environment for modelling accelerated particles can be provided by 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamics codes. Here, we present a simple model for particle acceleration and propagation in the context of a 3D simulation of the quiet solar atmosphere, spanning from the convection zone to the corona. We then examine the additional transport of energy introduced by the particle beams.

Methods. The locations of particle acceleration associated with magnetic reconnection were identified by detecting changes in magnetic topology. At each location, the parameters of the accelerated particle distribution were estimated from local conditions. The particle distributions were then propagated along the magnetic field, and the energy deposition due to Coulomb collisions with the ambient plasma was computed.

Results. We find that particle beams originate in extended acceleration regions that are distributed across the corona. Upon reaching the transition region, they converge and produce strands of intense heating that penetrate the chromosphere. Within these strands, beam heating consistently dominates conductive heating below the bottom of the transition region. This indicates that particle beams qualitatively alter the energy transport even outside of active regions.
Étude pilote des liens entre la presbyacousie et les troubles lexicaux chez les patients atteints de maladie d’Alzheimer ou maladie apparentée
Authors: Roche Camille , Bournazel Aude , Allix-Beguec Caroline , Pinon-Vignaud Marie-Laure
Published: September 2020

Les troubles neurocognitifs et la presbyacousie constituent deux pathologies très présentes dans la population âgée. Les troubles
neurocognitifs sont marqués par la survenue précoce de troubles lexico-sémantiques. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer le lien
entre le manque du mot et la presbyacousie chez des patients présentant une maladie d’Alzheimer ou apparentée. Trente-sept sujets
présentant un trouble neurocognitif léger à modéré ont répondu au Questionnaire de dépistage des difficultés d’écoute et d’audition,
et aux épreuves de dénomination de substantifs et de verbes de la Batterie Informatisée du Manque du Mot (BIMM). Ils ont été répartis
en deux groupes : « normo-entendants » et « risque de presbyacousie ». Aucune différence significative pour les scores et les temps en
dénomination, les variables psycholinguistiques et les types d’erreurs n’a été observée entre les deux groupes. Aucune corrélation entre
le score global obtenu à la BIMM et celui obtenu au questionnaire d’audition n’a été mise en évidence. Ces résultats négatifs peuvent
s’expliquer par la présence très précoce de troubles lexico-sémantiques chez les sujets avec une maladie d’Alzheimer ou apparentée.
Surdités unilatérales chez l’enfant : intelligibilité dans le bruit, localisation et effort d’écoute.
Mémoire de Master 2 « Neuroprothèses sensorielles et motrices »
Authors: Gaudin Elsa
Published: September 2020

Nous avons étudié les surdités unilatérales chez l’enfant et l’apport de l’appareillage auditif sur l’intelligibilité dans le bruit, la
localisation et l’effort d’écoute en les comparant à une population normo-entendante. Les enfants présentant une surdité unilatérale
sont diagnostiqués et s’appareillent plus tard que les enfants présentant une surdité bilatérale. L’intelligibilité dans le bruit n’est pas
améliorée par l’aide auditive dans cette étude. La localisation a tendance à être meilleure sans que cela soit significatif. Les enfants
présentant une surdité unilatérale de transmission tirent mieux parti de leur appareillage dans cette discipline mais la performance
reste inférieure à celle des enfants normo-entendants. En revanche, avec un système de double tâche, nous avons montré que l’effort
d’écoute dans les situations bruyantes est diminué grâce à l’appareillage. La fatigue engendrée par une attention auditive permanente
serait donc limitée ce qui représenterait un avantage principal de l’appareillage chez cette population. Il serait intéressant de savoir si
les enfants avec une surdité unilatérale qui s’appareillent précocement tirent davantage de bénéfices audiologiques.