bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathoarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex in chorea‐acanthocytosis and Huntington's disease
Authors: Liu J. , Heinsen H. , Grinberg L. T. , Alho E. , Amaro E. , Pasqualucci C. A. , Rüb U. , Seidel K. , den Dunnen W. , Arzberger T. , Schmitz C. , Kiessling M. C. , Bader B. , Danek A.
Published: May 2018

Aims

Quantitative estimation of cortical neurone loss in cases with chorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) and its impact on laminar composition.

Methods

We used unbiased stereological tools to estimate the degree of cortical pathology in serial gallocyanin‐stained brain sections through the complete hemispheres of three subjects with genetically verified ChAc and a range of disease durations. We compared these results with our previous data of five Huntington's disease (HD) and five control cases. Pathoarchitectonic changes were exemplarily documented in TE1 of a 61‐year‐old female HD‐, a 60‐year‐old female control case, and ChAc3.

Results

Macroscopically, the cortical volume of our ChAc cases (ChAc1–3) remained close to normal. However, the average number of neurones was reduced by 46% in ChAc and by 33% in HD (P = 0.03 for ChAc & HD vs. controls; P = 0.64 for ChAc vs. HD). Terminal HD cases featured selective laminar neurone loss with pallor of layers III, V and VIa, a high density of small, pale, closely packed radial fibres in deep cortical layers VI and V, shrinkage, and chromophilia of subcortical white matter. In ChAc, pronounced diffuse astrogliosis blurred the laminar borders, thus masking the complete and partial loss of pyramidal cells in layer IIIc and of neurones in layers III, V and VI.

Conclusion

ChAc is a neurodegenerative disease with distinct cortical neurodegeneration. The hypertrophy of the peripheral neuropil space of minicolumns with coarse vertical striation was characteristic of ChAc. The role of astroglia in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be elucidated.
A regulatory loop connecting WNT signaling and telomere capping: possible therapeutic implications for dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Fernandez Rafael Jesus , Johnson F. Brad
Published: May 2018

The consequences of telomere dysfunction are most apparent in rare inherited syndromes caused by genetic deficiencies in factors that normally maintain telomeres. The principal disease is known as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), but other syndromes with similar underlying genetic defects share some clinical aspects with this disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies for these diseases of telomere dysfunction. Here, we review recent findings demonstrating that dysfunctional (i.e., uncapped) telomeres can downregulate the WNT pathway, and that restoration of WNT signaling helps to recap telomeres by increasing expression of shelterins, proteins that naturally bind and protect telomeres. We discuss how these findings are different from previous observations connecting WNT and telomere biology, and discuss potential links between WNT and clinical manifestations of the DC spectrum of diseases. Finally, we argue for exploring the use of WNT agonists, specifically lithium, as a possible therapeutic approach for patients with DC.
Potential, constraints and applications of in vitro methods in improving grain legumes
Authors: Pratap Aditya , Prajapati Umashanker , Singh Chandra Mohan , Gupta Sanjeev , Rathore Meenal , Malviya Nupur , Tomar Rakhi , Gupta Ajeet Kumar , Tripathi Swapnila , Singh Narendra Pratap
Published: May 2018

Grain legumes, the important constituents of sustainability‐based cropping systems and energy‐limited vegetarian diets have long been the subject of scientific research. Tremendous technological strides were made in the so‐called orphan crops, in terms of both varietal improvement and generation of basic information. Despite recalcitrancy and high genotype dependency, in vitro culture techniques such as organogenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, embryo rescue and in vitro gene transfer have been deployed for improvement of several grain legumes and these played an important role in introgression of desirable genes from related and distant species and creation of additional genetic variability. Stable and reproducible regeneration protocols resulted in the development of genetically modified chickpea, pigeon pea, cowpea, mungbean, etc., while embryo rescue was deployed successfully for recovery of interspecific recombinants, a few of them exploited for the development of commercial cultivars. Nevertheless, doubled haploidy witnessed limited success and protoplast regeneration and in vitro mutagenesis remained of academic interest. The present review focuses on the progress, achievements, constraints and perspectives of using in vitro technology in grain legume improvement.
Recent developments in the genetics of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Grimm Oliver , Kittel‐Schneider Sarah , Reif Andreas
Published: May 2018

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental psychiatric disorder that affects children and adults. ADHD is one of the psychiatric disorders with the strongest genetic basis according to familial, twin, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)‐based epidemiological studies. In this review, we provide an update of recent insights into the genetic basis of ADHD. We discuss recent progress from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) looking at common variants as well as rare copy number variations. New analysis of gene groups, so‐called functional ontologies, provide some insight into the gene networks afflicted, pointing to the role of neurodevelopmentally expressed gene networks. Bioinformatic methods, such as functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein network analysis, are used to highlight biological processes of likely relevance to the etiology of ADHD. Additionally, copy number variations seem to map on important pathways implicated in synaptic signaling and neurodevelopment. While some candidate gene associations of, for example, neurotransmitter receptors and signaling, have been replicated, they do not seem to explain significant variance in recent GWAS. We discuss insights from recent case–control SNP–GWAS that have presented the first whole‐genome significant SNP in ADHD.
Perceived Discrimination and Suicide Ideation: Moderating Roles of Anxiety Symptoms and Ethnic Identity among Asian American, African American, and Hispanic Emerging Adults
Authors: Cheref Soumia , Talavera David , Walker Rheeda L.
Published: May 2018

Suicide is a leading cause of death for vulnerable ethnic minority emerging adults in the United States (Web‐based injury statistics query and reporting system [WISQARS], 2015). Perceived discrimination (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 2011, 1465) and anxiety symptoms (Asian American Journal of Psychology, 1, 2010, 18) are two predictors that are theoretically and conceptually related, but have yet to be examined in a simultaneous model for suicide ideation. Existing theory and research suggest that these variables activate similar pathways (American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 2007, 551). This study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the simultaneous relationship between perceived discrimination and anxiety symptoms as predictors of suicide ideation. The moderating effect of anxiety symptoms on the relationship between perceived discrimination and suicide ideation was examined in a multiethnic sample of emerging adults. Results indicated that anxiety symptoms moderated the perceived discrimination–suicide ideation relationship for Hispanic emerging adults, but not for their Asian American and African American counterparts. Furthermore, ethnic identity has been shown to mitigate suicide risk in the face of other stressors (Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 2008, 75). Ethnic identity emerged as a protective factor for Hispanic emerging adults by further interacting with perceived discrimination and anxiety symptoms to negatively predict suicide ideation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Forming maps of targets having multiple reflectors with a biomimetic audible sonar
Authors: Kuc Roman
Published: May 2018

A biomimetic audible sonar mimics human echolocation by emitting clicks and sensing echoes binaurally to investigate the limitations in acoustic mapping of 2.5 dimensional targets. A monaural sonar that provides only echo time-of-flight values produces biased maps that lie outside the target surfaces. Reflector bearing estimates derived from the first echoes detected by a binaural sonar are employed to form unbiased maps. Multiple echoes from a target introduce phantom-reflector artifacts into its map because later echoes are produced by reflectors at bearings different from those determined from the first echoes. In addition, overlapping echoes interfere to produce bearing errors. Addressing the causes of these bearing errors motivates a processing approach that employs template matching to extract valid echoes. Interfering echoes can mimic a valid echo and also form PR artifacts. These artifacts are eliminated by recognizing the bearing fluctuations that characterize echo interference. Removing PR artifacts produces a map that resembles the physical target shape to within the resolution capabilities of the sonar. The remaining differences between the target shape and the final map are void artifacts caused by invalid or missing echoes.
Beamforming based on null-steering with small spacing linear microphone arrays
Authors: Li Changlei , Benesty Jacob , Chen Jingdong
Published: May 2018

This paper develops an approach to beamforming with small spacing uniform linear microphone arrays based on the null-steering (NS) principle. It first formulates the beamforming problem from the conventional mean-squared error (MSE) criterion and its normalized version. Several NS algorithms are then derived for beamforming with the constraint of placing nulls to either a single direction or multiple angles. The difference and relationships between different algorithms are discussed and their performances are evaluated. These algorithms can be used to design either fixed or adaptive beamformers. In the former case, the resulting beamformers work as differential microphone arrays (DMAs) since they exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns and their directivity factors are high with a given number of sensors. In the latter case, the resulting beamformers can be viewed as a combination of DMAs and single-channel noise reduction since they do not only exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns but also can achieve noise reduction based on the noise statistics.
Differentiating Flow Experiences in Physical Versus Mental Activities: A Sequential Explanatory Study
Authors: Ross Jessica , MacIntyre Peter D.
Published: May 2018

Flow is a desirable state of consciousness and absorption in an optimally challenging activity. Prior research has investigated individual differences in flow. The present study investigates flow by contrasting physical versus mental activities, using a mixed-methods, sequential explanatory design. The sample from the quantitative phase included 205 undergraduate university students assessed on measures of personality, difficulties in emotion regulation, and flow. The big-five traits intellect and conscientiousness, as well as the emotion regulation subscale “lack of emotional clarity” predicted flow during mental activities, but unexpectedly no variables significantly predicted physical flow activities. The second phase used semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. Analyses of the interviews helped further explain the statistical findings, revealing four main themes: role of stress, source of guilt, presence of others, and satisfaction and fulfillment. We conclude that flow is especially relevant in physical activities which have advantages over mental activities in opportunities to experience flow.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Song Tiancheng , Cai Xinghan , Tu Matisse Wei-Yuan , Zhang Xiaoou , Huang Bevin , Wilson Nathan P. , Seyler Kyle L. , Zhu Lin , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , McGuire Michael A. , Cobden David H. , Xiao Di , Yao Wang , Xu Xiaodong
Published: May 2018

An intrinsic magnetic tunnel junction

An electrical current running through two stacked magnetic layers is larger if their magnetizations point in the same direction than if they point in opposite directions. These so-called magnetic tunnel junctions, used in electronics, must be carefully engineered. Two groups now show that high magnetoresistance intrinsically occurs in samples of the layered material CrI
3
sandwiched between graphite contacts. By varying the number of layers in the samples, Klein
et al.
and Song
et al.
found that the electrical current running perpendicular to the layers was largest in high magnetic fields and smallest near zero field. This observation is consistent with adjacent layers naturally having opposite magnetizations, which align parallel to each other in high magnetic fields.

Science
, this issue p.
1218
, p.
1214
Voices of moral authority: parents, doctors and what will actually help
Authors: Hain Richard David William
Published: May 2018

The public often believes that parents have a right to make medical decisions about their child. The idea that, in respect of children, doctors should do what parents tell them to do is problematic on the face of it. The effect of such a claim would be that a doctor who acted deliberately to harm a child would be making a morally correct decision, providing only that it is what the child’s parents said they wanted. That is so obviously nonsense that it cannot be what people who claim it actually mean. In this paper, I suggest that the claim actually represents either or both of two misunderstandings. It can be a result of wrongly appealing to the principle of respect for autonomy, or a belief that doctors are not committed to acting in the interests of the child. In this paper, I show that, while neither belief is entirely justified, there are elements of truth in both. I argue that if ethically correct decisions are those that are directed to improving the quality of a child’s existence, then neither parents nor doctors are in a position to make ethically correct decisions about a child except in discussion with one another. Where such discussion is not possible, I suggest there should be a national Children’s Interests Panel to agree on the child’s interests. The panel should include, but not be limited to, paediatricians and lawyers and its decisions should be legally binding on all parties.
Rule 136 and its equivalents are liberal, but become conservative in their conjugal life
Authors: Hazari Raju , Das Sukanta
Published: May 2018

Rule 136 and its equivalents, rules 192, 238 and 252, are not number conserving rules. Out of these four, 136 and 192 are number nonincreasing rules, whereas 238 and 252 are number nondecreasing rules. However, when a non-uniform cellular automation (CA) is formed with rules 136 and 252, or 192 and 238 in alternate positions, the CA becomes conservative. This paper studies these non-uniform CAs. It is further shown that, except rules 136, 192, 238 and 252, no other number nonincreasing and nondecreasing rules can participate in a non-uniform CA to form a conservative system.
q-Neighbor Ising model on random networks
Authors: Chmiel A. , Gradowski T. , Krawiecki A.
Published: May 2018

A modified kinetic Ising model with Metropolis dynamics, so-called [Formula: see text]-neighbor Ising model, is investigated on random graphs. In this model, each spin interacts only with [Formula: see text] spins randomly chosen from its neighborhood. Investigations are performed by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and the analytic pair approximation (PA). The range of parameters such as the size of the [Formula: see text]-neighborhood and the mean degree of nodes of the random graph is determined for which the model exhibits continuous or discontinuous ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition with decreasing temperature. It is also shown that, in the case of discontinuous transition for large enough and fixed mean degree of nodes, the width of the hysteresis loop oscillates with the parameter [Formula: see text], expanding for even and shrinking for odd values of [Formula: see text]. Predictions of the PA show satisfactory quantitative agreement with results of MC simulations.
Some graded identities of the Cayley–Dickson algebra
Authors: Henry Fernando
Published: May 2018

We work to find a basis of graded identities for the octonion algebra. We do so for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gradings, both of them derived of the Cayley–Dickson (C–D) process, the later grading being possible only when the characteristic of the scalars is not two.
Scalar Casimir effect in a high-dimensional cosmic dispiration spacetime
Authors: Mota H. F. , de Mello E. R. Bezerra , Bakke K.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we present a complete and detailed analysis of the calculation of both the Wightman function and the vacuum expectation value of the energy–momentum tensor that arise from quantum vacuum fluctuations of massive and massless scalar fields in the cosmic dispiration spacetime, which is formed by the combination of two topological defects: a cosmic string and a screw dislocation. This spacetime is obtained in the framework of the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity and is considered to be a chiral spacelike cosmic string. For completeness we perform the calculation in a high-dimensional spacetime, with flat extra dimensions. We found closed expressions for the energy–momentum tensor and, in particular, in [Formula: see text]-dimensions, we compare our results with previous existing ones in the literature for the massless scalar field case.
A general framework for quantum splines
Authors: Abrunheiro L. , Camarinha M. , Clemente-Gallardo J. , Cuchí J. C. , Santos P.
Published: May 2018

Quantum splines are curves in a Hilbert space or, equivalently, in the corresponding Hilbert projective space, which generalize the notion of Riemannian cubic splines to the quantum domain. In this paper, we present a generalization of this concept to general density matrices with a Hamiltonian approach and using a geometrical formulation of quantum mechanics. Our main goal is to formulate an optimal control problem for a nonlinear system on [Formula: see text] which corresponds to the variational problem of quantum splines. The corresponding Hamiltonian equations and interpolation conditions are derived. The results are illustrated with some examples and the corresponding quantum splines are computed with the implementation of a suitable iterative algorithm.
An Implicit Coupling Finite Element and Peridynamic Method for Dynamic Problems of Solid Mechanics with Crack Propagation
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Hongwu , Zheng Yonggang , Ye Hongfei , Lu Mengkai
Published: May 2018

An implicit coupling finite element and peridynamic (PD) method is developed in this paper for the dynamic problems of solid mechanics with crack propagation. In this method, an implicit PD formulation is derived from the bond-based pairwise force that is described as a linear function of the displacements by using the first-order Taylor’s expansion technique. The equivalent incremental equations of the PD method and the finite element method are obtained on the basis of the Newmark and the Newton–Raphson schemes. To combine these two methods, the system is partitioned into two subregions and a convenient and efficient coupling strategy is proposed to form the coupling equivalent equation. The coupling domain is achieved by considering that the nodes and material points share the common information. Furthermore, displacement and load control-based incremental-iterative methods are adopted to solve the nonlinear equations. Several representative numerical examples are carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed coupling method.
The Educational and Clinical Benefits of a “Consultant-Speciality Trainee” ENT Shared Clinic
Authors: Najaf Yaser , Fishpool Sam , Hunt Harry , Backhouse Steven
Published: May 2018

Introduction and Aims. The European Working Time Regulations (EWTR) of 48-hour working week limit have raised concerns regarding the quality of medical training for junior doctors. Our study has looked to improve junior doctors training without impairing patients’ care with the introduction of one-to-one “consultant with specialty trainee” doctor teaching in the outpatient clinic setting. Methodology. In this study, an ENT specialty trainee conducted a 3-month block of solo clinics seeing new patients. After that, the same specialty trainee shared the clinic with an ENT consultant for 3 months and subsequently the same trainee reconducted solo clinics. Outcomes of the specialty trainee performance were measured clinically by completed patient episodes (CPE) (i.e., patient discharged from clinic or placed on surgical operation waiting list) and ongoing patient episodes (OPE) (i.e., patient given follow-up appointment to ENT clinic) and educationally by workplace based assessments (WBA) completed in the trainee’s e-portfolio. Results. 271 patients were recruited in this research: 24% being in the preintervention group, 47% during the intervention, and 29% in the postintervention. The intervention of one-to-one outpatient clinic teaching increased the specialty trainees CPE rate (60% to 67.5%, p>0.1) and reduced their OPE rate (40% to 32.5%, p=0.001). Educationally these trainees completed with the consultant statistically significant WBA (17 assessments) during the one-to-one clinics compared to solo clinics (2.3 on average). Discussion and Conclusion. In this study, a positive trend in the clinical outcomes was obtained in terms of CPE, while a statistically significant reduction of the total OPE was achieved giving an indicator to consider this concept for further research in terms of patient’s clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, it showed a new way of supporting the trainee’s education supported by more WBA being filled.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Neoplastic or Malignant Hürthle Cell Lesions: A Chimera?
Authors: Díaz del Arco Cristina , Fernández Aceñero M. Jesús
Published: May 2018

Objective: We aimed to review all cytological specimens with Hürthle cells (HC) diagnosed in our institution, identify cytological features related to neoplastic (adenoma or carcinoma) and malignant histology, and discuss the role of clinicopathological findings and clinical management in these cases. Study Design: We included 359 thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology cases in our study. We reviewed the clinical and cytological features of surgical cases and correlated them with histological diagnosis. We also reviewed the literature on this issue. Results: We found a significant association between neoplasia and highly cellular smears, the absence of colloid, the presence of microfollicles, large-cell dysplasia, prominent nucleoli or macronucleoli, coarse chromatin, nuclear grooves and inclusions, nuclear irregularity, and pleomorphism. The absence of colloid, high cellularity, > 25% of isolated HC, the presence of tridimensional groups, transgressing vessels, nuclear irregularity, prominent nucleoli or macronucleoli, coarse chromatin, hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, and diffuse large-cell dysplasia were features significantly associated with malignancy. Conclusions: No cytological feature alone can predict histological outcome, but all findings related to a neoplastic or malignant histology must be assessed. Individualized management protocols should be developed in each institution.
The Favored Mechanism for Coping with Acute Cold Stress: Upregulation of miR-210 in Rats
Authors: Guo Wenjin , Lian Shuai , Zhen Li , Zang Shucheng , Chen Yan , Lang Limin , Xu Bin , Guo Jingru , Ji Hong , Wang Jianfa , Fu Shoupeng , Zhang Liping , Yang Huanmin
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: The main aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which rno-miR-210-3p affects changes in gene expression, metabolism, apoptosis and proliferation of cells under acute cold stress (ACS) conditions. Methods: The treatment group (n=6, weight 340±20 g) was exposed to ACS (temperature 4±0.5°C, relative humidity 45±0.5%) and the control group (n=6, weight 340±20 g) to normal temperature (NT) (temperature 24±0.5°C, relative humidity 45±0.5%). Rat liver samples were collected for qRT-PCR and western blot analyses to detect relative expression of rno-miR-210-3p, ISCU, Rap1b, ATP1b1, GPD1, E2F3, RAD52, PSMB6 and GPD2. For cell experiments, 100 pmol/dish rno-miR-210-3p mimic and 150 pmol/dish rno-miR-210-3p inhibitor were used. Mitochondrial glucose flux and glycolysis were measured using the XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Cells were collected for apoptosis analysis 24 h after transfection and proliferation was quantified using the WST-1 Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China), according to the manufacturerʹs instructions. Results: In the rat experiment, expression of rno-miR-210-3p under ACS was increased sharply while ISCU, E2F3, RAD52, and PSMB6 levels declined, along with protein expression of ISCU and PSMB6. In cell experiments, ISCU, Rap1b, ATP1b1, GPD1, E2F3, RAD52, PSMB6 and GPD2 genes were downregulated while ISCU and PSMB6 protein expression decreased with upregulation of rno-miR-210-3p. Conversely, in response to decreased rno-miR-210-3p expression, ISCU, E2F3, RAD52, PSMB6 and GPD2 genes were upregulated, in addition to ISCU and PSMB6 proteins. Upregulation of miR-210 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death whereas its downregulation promoted cell proliferation. Upregulation or downregulation of miR-210 promoted glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration of BRL cells. However, downregulation of miR-210 caused acid production in cells. Conclusion: Expression of rno-miR-210-3p is significantly increased under ACS. Upregulation of rno-miR-210-3p inhibits the expression of ISCU, Rap1b, ATP1b1, GPD1, E2F3, RAD52, PSMB6 and GPD2 genes, promotes glycolysis of liver and enhances the mitochondrial respiratory capacity of cells, but may also cause cell death. Our findings collectively indicate that regulation of rno-miR-210-3p is a preferential mechanism of choice used by the body to cope with ACS.
Дослідження мінерального складу сланей пармелії перлинової
Authors: Kyslychenko O. A. , Protska V. V. , Zhuravel I. O.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Parmelia perlata is a widespread lichen that belongs to the Parmeliaceae family. In Ayurvedic medicine thalli of Parmelia perlata are used for the treatment of a series of diseases of different genesis. Literature data contain information that the representatives of Parmeliaceae family show a wide spectrum of biological activity, in particular, possess anti-bacterial, cardiotonic, spasmolytic, antioxidant and other types of activity.The aim of the study – to learn the mineral composition of parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production.Materials and Methods. For the study of the composition of micro- and macroelements by the atomic-absorption spectroscopy method Parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production were used.Results and Discussion. As a result of the study the content of 19 mineral elements in Parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production was determined. The dominating elements in both studied objects were calcium and silicon. The content of calcium in the raw material of Kazakh production comprised 2270.00 μg/100 g, and in the raw material of Russian production – 1938.00 μg/100 g. The content of silicon in the raw materials studied comprised 1815.00 μg/100 g and 1619.00 μg/100 g respectively. The content of iron and magnesium in both samples was almost identical, while the content of sodium and potassium in the raw material of Russian production was 1.5 times higher than in the raw material of Kazakh production. Both samples were found to accumulate magnesium and zinc in quite high concentration. The content of heavy metals in both raw material samples was within the limit of maximum permissible concentration for medicinal plant material and food products according to the requirements of the current legislation.Conclusions. The obtained results can be used at working out medicines on the basis of Parmelia perlata thalli and the quality control methods for the raw material.
Зміни показників калікреїн-кінінової системи та ендогенної інтоксикації у хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім цукровим діабетом
Authors: Pidruchna S. R. , Zakharchuk U. M. , Babinets L. S. , Adamiv H. V.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. The kinin–kallikrein system and endogenous intoxication play an important role in the course of chronic pancreatitis (CP) with concomitant diabetes mellitus.The aim of the study – to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the parameters of the kinin–kallikrein system and endotoxicosis in patients with CP.Research Methods. The study involved 112 patients with CP who were divided into 2 groups: 1st group – 35 patients with CP without diabetes; 2nd group – 77 patients with CP with concomitant diabetes.Results and Discussion. A statistically significant higher level of activation of total proteolysis by the level of proteolytic activity in patients with CP and DM was found, as compared with the group of patients with CP and control group and the increase of specific proteolysis by the level of the protease enzyme of kallikrein, which had a similar trend to proteolytic activity in patients with CP and DM. Reductions in the inactive precursor kallikrein – prekallikrein, which was lowered in the 2nd group of patients compared with the 1st group and the control group, was revealed. A decrease in the activity of kininase – 2nd in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CP with diabetes mellitus was established against control, indicating weakening of the body's protective reactions due to excessive production of kinins. The level of medium molecular weight peptides (MM WP) in the blood of patients with CP was statistically higher compared with the control group. The values of both MM WP254 and MM WP280 were statistically increased in patients with CP with concomitant diabetes, as compared with the group of patients with chronic hypotensive disease (p<0.05).Conclusions. A statistically significant activation of proteolytic activity, increase of the proteolytic enzyme of the kallikrein, decrease of the prekallikrein level, increase of the α1-proteinase inhibitor and α2-macroglobulin levels and decrease of the kininase-II activity, an increase in endotoxicosis in patients with CP with concomitant diabetes (p<0.05) compared to patients with only CP have been proved. This ascertains a complicating role of injury of kininkallikrein system in comorbidity of CP and diabetes.
Стан системи нітроген (ІІ) оксиду в щурів з пародонтитом на фоні гіпер- та гіпотиреозу
Authors: Shcherba V. V. , Korda M. M.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Inflammatory periodontal disease is one of the most urgent problems of dentistry, which has a social significance due to the high prevalence, pronounced changes in the tissues of the periodontal disease and the body of the patient as a whole, and the defeat of young people.The aim of the study – to investigate the functional state of the nitrogen (II) oxide system in rats with periodontitis without concomitant pathology and against the background of hyper- and hypothyroidism.Research Methods. The study was carried out on 48 white non-linear male rats. The total activity of NO-synthase (NOS) was determined colorimetrically by the number of formed nitrates and nitrites in the incubation medium. The total content of nitrates and nitrites (NOx) was determined by the Gris method.Results and Discussion. Experimental periodontitis is accompanied by increased general activity of NO-synthase in periodontal tissue homogenate by 2.2 times vs control. NOx content in the serum of animals with periodontitis increased by 46.2% and in the periodontal tissue homogenate – by 74.7% compared with the control. In rats with periodontitis against hyperthyroidism, NOS activity increased by 3.9 times relative to the control group of animals and by 75.9% exceeded the rate of rats with periodontitis without concomitant pathology. In rats with periodontitis, against the background of hypothyroidism, the activity of NOS was 29.6% higher than that of rats with periodontitis without concomitant pathology and 2.9-fold of control.Conclusions. Experimental periodontitis is accompanied by a marked increase in the intensity of nitroxidergic processes both in the homogenate of periodontal tissues and in the blood. The imbalance of thyroid hormones increases the synthesis of nitrogen (II) oxide in the experimental periodontitis, especially expressed in hyperthyroidism.
Дослідження стероїдних сполук у талабану польового екстракті густому (Thlaspiarvense L.)
Authors: Panasenko O. I. , Tartynska G. S. , Hutsol V. V.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Environment, lowered physical activity and low standards of living lead to the increase of incidence of diseases in the population of Ukraine, in particular, pathologies of prostate in men. Creation of plant-derived medicines for the treatment of the abovementioned pathologies is of great interest nowadays. Phytomedicines possess low toxicity andare characterized by high safety level, absence of negative action towards sexual function, possibility of long-term usage in complex therapy. Phytoremedies with prostate protective activity usually include extracts of plants that show anti-inflammatory, immune stimulating, spasmolytic, diuretic, antioxidant, antitumor activity. Field pennycress belongs to the prospective sources of obtaining prostate protective remedies. Field pennycress (Thlaspiarvense L.) from cabbage family (Brassicaceae) shows the abovementioned types of activity, thus it is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Among biologically active compounds of herbal medicines a certain role in reaching therapeutic effect play steroidal compounds, which show prostate protective, cytostatic activity. Thus, for a more detailed research on field pennycress herb its thick extract was obtained, in which the qualitative composition and quantitative content of steroidal compounds was studied.Research Methods. Gas chromatography was used for the phytosterols’ study in the thick extract of field pennycress herb.Results and Discussion. 3 compounds were identified using the gas chromatography method: stigmasterol, sitosterol and lanosta-9(11),24-diene-3-ol acetate and their quantitative content (0.12 mg/kg, 0.16 mg/kg, 0.29 mg/kgrespectively) was determined in the thick extract of field pennycress herb.Conclusions. The obtained results might be used at quality control methods development for the thick extract of field pennycress herb.
errors of radiosonde and rocketsonde temperature sensors
Authors: Daniels Glenn E.
Published: May 2018

A method is proposed where two thermistors of different emissivities are used on the radiosonde to compute the corrected air temperature. This method could be extended to rocketsonde temperature measurements by using two bead thermistors of different sizes to determine temperature errors and aerodynamic heating errors.
emerging problems in the management of atmospheric resources: the role of social science research
Authors: Derrick Sewell W. R.
Published: May 2018

The emergence of three major problems has given rise to growing public concern about the atmosphere and an increasing desire to manage it like other natural resources. These problems relate to the mounting volume of air pollution, the rising toll of losses due to extreme weather events, and man's increasing ability to modify the weather. Such problems have brought into sharp focus the fact that our knowledge of the human impact of atmospheric variations is still quite limited, and has emphasized the need for a considerable acceleration in research relating to the economic, social, institutional, and ecological aspects of the management of atmospheric resources. This article outlines types of research that are most urgently required in this connection and offers suggestions as to possible means of stimulating an expansion in the present research effort in this field.
atmospheric dust studies on Barbados1
Authors: Prospero J. M.
Published: May 2018

The concentration of dust in the trade winds passing over Barbados has been measured continuously since August 1965; the average dust load for the 25 month period ending in August 1967 is 2.5 μgm m−3. There is a marked seasonal periodicity in the transport with the average dust concentrations for the summer months being approximately an order of magnitude larger than those for the winter months. In addition, very sharp fluctuations in dust concentrations are observed on a day-to-day basis. There is considerable evidence that the dust originates in Africa and that the composition of the dust and the quantities transported are dependent on the meteorological conditions over Africa and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean.

The future programs for atmospheric dust studies on Barbados will be directed towards the utilization of dust as a tracer for a variety of meteorological processes; a number of the more important of these investigations are discussed.
air-sea interaction studies by the Department of Meteorology, Imperial College, London
Authors: Pond S.
Published: May 2018

A report of the air-sea interaction studies being undertaken at the Department of Meteorology, Imperial College, London, is given. The instrumentation for measuring profiles of wind speed, temperatures and humidity and fluxes of momentum and sensible heat is described. Photographs showing the field site are included.
two tropical storms viewed by Apollo 7
Authors: Soules Stanley D. , Nagler Kenneth M.
Published: May 2018

Hurricane Gladys, near Florida, and typhoon Gloria, in the western Pacific Ocean, were photographed in October 1968 by the astronauts on the Apollo 7 spaceflight. Nearly concurrent weather satellite views are presented for comparison with these pictures to show scale differences and the cloud types that can be observed. In the view of Gladys the typical extensive cirrus cloud canopy was not present, permitting an exceptionally clear view of the convective cloud bands and other cloud structure. A photograph of typhoon Gloria showed organized, low-level cloud structure within its 50-mile diameter eye. The tropical storm pictures from Apollo 7 were obtained as part of a continuing effort to photograph, in color, Earth and cloud phenomena from manned spaceflights for use in environmental studies.
agroclimatic studies in the U.S.S.R.
Authors: Davitaya F. F. , Sapozhnikova S. A.
Published: May 2018

Agroclimatic studies in the Soviet Union, initiated in the 1920's, were built upon preceding works of Russian meteorological pioneers. During the Soviet period, indices have been refined to relate plant responses to specific climatic factors, and methods have been devised to derive desired indices from standard climatic data. Agricultural appraisals have been made of the climate over the entire territory of the Soviet Union, and maps have been constructed to show agroclimatic regions. Agroclimatic analogs have been developed for many crops and methods of agrometeorological prognosis have been perfected.
satellite mapping of the Pacific tropical cloudiness
Authors: Bjerknes Jacob , Allison Lewis J. , Kreins Earl R. , Godshall Frederic A. , Warnecke Guenter
Published: May 2018

The generally held assumption, that the bulk of tropical rain over the oceans is generated where the sea is warmer than the air, is being largely verified in this article with the new tool of satellite cloudiness mapping. The discussion focuses on the satellite-observed variable position of the boundary between the west Pacific equatorial rain clouds over warm ocean water and the east Pacific aridity along the equator over cool upwelling water. The often quite abrupt changes between these two regimes in the mid-Pacific are known from an eighteen-year sequence of ocean and atmosphere data at Canton Island. This article describes the same phenomena delineated by satellite television data recorded during 1962–67, and adds features of the geographic cloudiness distribution not obtainable from the widely spaced fixed points of observation.
Project STORMFURY
Authors: Gentry R. Cecil
Published: May 2018

Project STORMFURY is a project of Commerce and Defense for experimenting at modification of hurricanes. Justification for the work is based on recent discoveries about hurricanes and the high potential benefit to cost ratio of the experiments. Evidence is presented that two approaches for modification should be considered: 1) seeding of clouds, and 2) inhibiting evaporation from the ocean. The scientific aspects and logistic problems of both approaches are reviewed. The Program and goals of Project STORMFURY are discussed.
Comparison and Correction of High-Mountain Precipitation Data Based on Glacio-Hydrological Modeling in the Tarim River Headwaters (High Asia)
Authors: Wortmann Michel , Bolch Tobias , Menz Christoph , Tong Jiang , Krysanova Valentina
Published: May 2018

Mountain precipitation is often strongly underestimated as observations are scarce, biased toward lower-lying locations and prone to wind-induced undercatch, while topographical heterogeneity is large. This presents serious challenges to hydrological modeling for water resource management and climate change impact assessments in mountainous regions of the world, where a large population depends on water supply from the mountains. The headwaters of the Tarim River, covering four remote and highly glacierized Asian mountain ranges, are vital water suppliers to large agricultural communities along the Taklamakan Desert, northwest China. Assessments of future changes to these water towers have been hampered because of the large precipitation uncertainties. In this study, six existing precipitation datasets (observation-based reanalysis datasets, satellite observation datasets, and the output of high-resolution regional climate models) were compared over five headwaters of the Tarim River. The dataset incorporating the highest observation density (APHRODITE) is then corrected by calibrating the glacio-hydrological model Soil and Water Integrated Model–Glacier Dynamics (SWIM-G) to observed discharge, glacier hypsometry, and modeled glacier mass balance. Results show that this form of inverse modeling is able to inform the precipitation correction in such data-scarce conditions. Substantial disagreement of annual mean precipitation between the analyzed datasets, with coefficients of variation in catchment mean precipitation of 68% on average, was found. The model-based precipitation estimates are on average 1.5–4.3 times higher than the APHRODITE data, but fall between satellite-based and regional climate model results.
Assessing the role of Local Economic Development Agencies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Khambule Isaac , Mtapuri Oliver
Published: May 2018

There is a growing recognition of the role of subnational institutions in addressing some of the foremost developmental challenges that South Africa is facing; however, subnational institutions have been mired in inefficiencies and capacity challenges in leading local development. This has led to the establishment of Local Economic Development Agencies as institutions which were expected to give impetus to local economic development and accelerate local government’s responses to unemployment, poverty and inequalities. Yet little is known about the efficiency of Local Economic Development Agencies in addressing the key failures of local economic development. This article employed a qualitative approach in which semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key gatekeepers. The article assessed the roles and functions of Local Economic Development Agencies in addressing key local economic development failings through a case study of three Local Economic Development Agencies in South Africa. The results indicate that while Local Economic Development Agencies do solve the implementation problem, their efficiency is undermined by the lack of coordination of roles and functions in the local government-led development landscape. Furthermore, the roles and functions of Local Economic Development Agencies are limited, constrained and do not necessarily adhere to the premise that led to their establishment. Local Economic Development Agencies thus lack the appropriate legitimate mandate to be the main economic development structure, due to their own inherent capacities.
The Urban Crisis and the Search for Identity
Authors: Mitchell Howard E.
Published: May 2018

The resolution of present-day urban conflict demands that all black and white Americans search for new separate and collective identities
When is a Client in Crisis?
Authors: Golan Naomi
Published: May 2018

A model for an intake interview is proposed that can be applied flexibly and selectively by different workers in different settings
Prescrição: decretação de ofício em favor da Fazenda Pública
Authors: Nobre Júnior Edilson Pereira
Published: May 2018

I- O tempo e as relações jurídicas. II- Noções gerais sobre prescrição. III- A renúncia à prescrição e o art. 166 do Código Civil. IV - O interesse público e sua indisponibilidade. V - Os arts. 166 e 219, § 51º dos Códigos Civil e de Processo Civil, frente à indisponibilidade do interesse público. VI - Conceito de fazenda pública para afastar a incidência do art. 166 do Código Civil. VII - Conclusões.
O princípio da igualdade em perspectiva histórica : conteúdo, alcance e direções
Authors: Taborda Maren Guimarães
Published: May 2018

Introdução. I)- A Igualdade como Justiça. A - O Justo como nominón; B - O Justo como íson; II) - O Mandamento Constitucional da Igualdade. A - A Igualdade Formal; B - Em direção à Igualdade Material; C - A Igualdade de "chances"; D - A Igualdade "na" lei; III) - O Princípio Isonômico no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro. A - O legislador como destinatários; B - A extensão do Princípio da Igualdade no Direito Brasileiro. Conclusão.
Finanças públicas e orçamento
Authors: Bulos Uadi Lammêgo
Published: May 2018

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"Relatividade" da competência discricionária
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de
Published: May 2018

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Professor - Aposentadoria especial - Tempo de serviço
Authors: Ghisi Adhemar Paladini
Published: May 2018

- Aposentadoria especial de forma integral pressupõe totalidade do serviço no efetivo exercício do magistério, não sendo admissível arrendamento.
Empregado - Demissão incentivada - Imposto de renda
Authors: Soato Maria Auxiliadora Ramalho da Rocha
Published: May 2018

- A "demissão incentivada" resulta de compra e venda, em que o operário aliena de seu patrimônio o bem da vida constituído pela relação de emprego, recebendo, como preço, valor correspondente ao desfalque sofrido. Tal preço não é fato gerador de imposto sobre renda ou provento.
Direito autoral - Utilização - Indenização
Authors: Bolivar Junior Washington
Published: May 2018

- Direitos autorais. Utilização, não autorizada, de trabalho científico, na divulgação do produto. Indenização. Arbitramento.- O ressarcimento devido ao autor deverá superar o que seria normalmente cobrado pela publicação consentida. A ser de modo diverso, sua aquiescência seria, na prática, dispensável. Cumpre, ao contrário, desestimular o comportamento reprovável de quem se apropria indevidamente da obra alheia.
Estado Membro - Intervenção federal - Desobediência a ordem judicial
Authors: Corrêa Maurício
Published: May 2018

- Intervenção federal em Estado membro por desrespeito ou desobediência à ordem judicial deve ser requerida pelo credor do Tribunal estadual e por este requisitada mediante pedido fundamentado.
Servidor público - Acumulação de cargos - Remuneração
Authors: Souto Humberto Guimarães
Published: May 2018

- É vedada a titularidade simultânea de dois cargos ou empregos públicos. mesmo estando o servidor licenciado de um deles, sem percepção de remuneração.