bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LATIHAN GAME DAN SPRINT 50 METER TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX ATLET SEPAKBOLA SSB KAKIMAS DAMPIT KABUPATEN MALANG KELOMPOK UMUR 14-15
Authors: Arifin Zainul
Published: November 2019

Perlakuan yang tepat dalam sebuah latihan akan memberi dampak positif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari latihan game dan sprint 50 meter terhadap peningkatan VO2Max atlet sepakbola SSB Kaki Mas Dampit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen sementara rancangannya menggukanakan One-group pretest and posttest design. Bentuk perlakuan di dalam penelitian ini berupa latihan game dan latihan lari sprint 50 meter yang dilakukan sebanyak 18 kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik test, dimana tes awal dan akhir menggunakan multistage fitnees test. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t taraf sinifikan 0.05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari kedua bentuk yang berikan yaitu latihan game maupun latihan sprint 50 meter terhadap peningkatan VO2Max atlet sepakbola SSB KAKIMAS Dampit Kabupaten Malang Kelompok Umur 14-15
The Evolution of Taste and Perinatal Programming of Taste Preferences
Authors: PODZIMEK Š. , DUŠKOVÁ M. , BROUKAL Z. , RÁCZ B. , STÁRKA L. , DUŠKOVÁ J.
Published: November 2019

Taste is important for food intake. The fetus first experiences taste through amniotic fluid, and later via mother’s milk. Early human experience with taste has a key importance for later acceptance of food. Dietary behavior is determined by the interaction of many different factors. The development of the olfactory and taste receptors begins at 7-8 weeks of gestation. An early sensitive period probably exists when flavor preference is established. Sweet taste is preferred in early childhood; this is the reason why children are at increased risk of over-consuming saccharides. Gustatory sensitivity declines with age. The threshold for the perception of each basic taste differs, and is established genetically. In this review, we summarize published data on taste preferences and its development and changes during life.
Changes in estimated value of perennial ryegrass cultivar/ endophyte combinations in the DairyNZ Forage Value Index when metabolisable energy contents specific to culitvar groups are included
Authors: Ludemann Cameron I. , Wims Cáthal M. , Chapman David F.
Published: November 2019

Further development of the DairyNZ Forage Value Index (FVI) requires accounting for genetic variation in the nutritive value of ryegrass herbage in addition to the current weightings on dry matter production traits. Performance values for metabolisable energy content (PV ME) have been identified as the most appropriate variables to use for this purpose. In this study an assessment was made of the effect of including cultivar group (mid-heading date diploid, late-heading date diploid and tetraploid) PV ME in FVI ranking calculations of eligible perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars. Incorporation of the seasonal ME trait into the FVI has resulted in changes in rankings of those cultivars. Although correlations were strong (0.74 for Upper South Island to 0.92 for Upper North Island) between rankings of cultivars using the current FVI and the FVI with cultivar group PV ME, marked improvements have been made in the rankings of tetraploid cultivars. On-farm persistence implications (not yet included in the FVI) of selecting tetraploid cultivars will need to be included if the ME trait is included in the FVI.
Traces of Wilde: Fact and Fiction inDorian: An ImitationandThe Picture of John Gray
Authors: Pulham Patricia
Published: November 2019

The life and art of Oscar Wilde are of enduring interest to contemporary readers and audiences who remain fascinated not only by his work, but also by his biography. The dramatic nature of the three trials that took place in 1895, and Wilde's spectacular fall from grace following imprisonment and exile, speak to our own period in which questions of gender and sexuality are topics of continuing tension and concern. This essay examines two examples of contemporary writing that are informed by Wilde's biography and oeuvre: Will Self's novel, Dorian: An Imitation (2002), and Craig Wilmann's drama, The Picture of John Gray (2014), and offers the first academic analysis of Wilmann's play. Exploring these works through the lens of neo-Victorianism, it considers the balance between history and fiction in each text. Drawing on Ricoeur's treatise The Reality of the Historical Past (1984), it proposes that Ricoeur's concept of the Analogue, which encompasses both the imaginative reconstruction of the past through the documentary trace and the adoption of the critical distance required to understand it, provides a new way in which neo-Victorian literature might be understood.
The development of Nursing Curiculum in Thailand
Authors: Polnok Sanglar
Published: November 2019

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MEWUJUDKAN APARATUR PEMERINTAH DAERAH YANG PROFESIONAL DALAM MENDORONG PERCEPATAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK MELALUI DINAS PERTANAHAN DAN TATA RUANG KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Aridhayandi M. Rendi , Sobur Asep , Yulianah Yuyun , M. Rozi Mumuh
Published: November 2019

Tanah adalah karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa yang harus dikelola sebaik-baiknya demi kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat secara berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Untuk mengelola tanah, maka diperlukan aturan main dalam hal menguasai dan menggunakannya yang bersifat adil, suatu potensi dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungannya. UUD 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3) yang menyebutkan Bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung didalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Kabupaten Sukabumi harus mendaya gunakan dan memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki sehingga menjadi daerah yang tangguh dan kompetitif, yaitu dengan kebijakan pertanahan dan tata ruang yang mempunyai tujuan menciptakan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya mengoptimalkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Dengan demikian diperlukan aparatur Pemerintah Daerah yang profesional dalam mendorong percepatan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan publik melalui dinas pertanahan dan tata ruang Kabupaten Sukabumi.
DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN KONSTITUSI MELALUI KEBIASAAN KETATANEGARAAN DAN PUTUSAN HAKIM
Authors: Azmi M Rizqi
Published: November 2019

Dinamika perkembangan dan pertumbuhan masyarakat di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia, menuntut adanya perubahan terhadap suatu konstitusi dari suatu negara tersebut. Adanya perubahan pola pikir dari suatu masyarakat yang diiringi dengan perubahan sistem ketatanegaraan dari suatu negara, akan menyebabkan beberapa aturan lama dari suatu konstitusi tersebut perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi kehidupan kekinian.Suatu konstitusi pada pokoknya adalah suatu landasan bagi peraturan-peraturan hukum lainnya. Disebabkan karena tingkatannya yang lebih tinggi dan juga karena merupakan landasan bagi peraturan-peraturan hukum lainnya, maka para pembentuk konstitusi biasanya menetapkan cara-cara perubahan baik dengan Kebiasaan Ketatanegaraan dan Putusan Hakim.
Changes in the Carbon Metabolism of Escherichia coli During the Evolution of Doxycycline Resistance
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Mi Jiandui , Liang Jiadi , Liao Xindi , Ma Baohua , Zou Yongde , Wang Yan , Liang Juanboo , Wu Yinbao
Published: November 2019

Despite our continuous improvement in understanding the evolution of antibiotic resistance, the changes in the carbon metabolism during the evolution of antibiotic resistance remains unclear. To investigate the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the changes in carbon metabolism under antibiotic pressure,Escherichia coliK-12 was evolved for 38 passages under a concentration gradient of doxycycline (DOX). The 0th-passage sensitive strain W0, the 20th-passage moderately resistant strain M20, and the 38th-passage highly resistant strain E38 were selected for the determination of biofilm formation, colony area, and carbon metabolism levels, as well as genome and transcriptome sequencing. The MIC of DOX withE. colisignificantly increased from 4 to 96 μg/ml, and the IC50increased from 2.18 ± 0.08 to 64.79 ± 0.75 μg/ml after 38 passages of domestication. Compared with the sensitive strain W0, the biofilm formation amount of the resistant strains M20 and E38 was significantly increased (p< 0.05). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were distributed in antibiotic resistance-related genes such as ribosome targets, cell membranes, and multiple efflux pumps. In addition, there were no mutated genes related to carbon metabolism. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbon metabolism pathway were downregulated, showing a significant decrease in the metabolic intensity of 23 carbon sources (p< 0.05). The results presented here show that there may be a correlation between the evolution ofE. coliDOX resistance and the decrease of carbon metabolism, and the mechanism was worthy of further research, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of microbial resistance.
The New Astronomy: Observing Our Universe With Light and Gravity
Authors: Key Joey Shapiro , LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Published: November 2019

On a summer day in 2017, astronomers around the world received a message about an exciting collision of two stars far, far away. The message was sent by a team of astronomers from the LIGO and Virgo observatories. These new observatories are very different from the telescopes we have used to study our Universe up until now. LIGO and Virgo are gravitational wave observatories, listening for quiet ripples in spacetime created by the collisions of distant black holes and neutron stars. On August 17, 2017 LIGO and Virgo detected a signal that astronomers named GW170817, from the collision of two neutron stars. Less than two seconds later, NASA's Fermi satellite caught a signal, known as a gamma-ray burst, and within minutes, telescopes around the world began searching the sky. Telescopes in South America found the location of the collision in a distant galaxy known as NGC 4993. For the weeks and months that followed, astronomers watched the galaxy and the fading light from the collision. This is a new kind of multi-messenger astronomy where, for the first time, the same event was observed by both gravitational waves and light.
Reseña Uncovering Spiritual Narratives
Authors: ROSAS JIMENEZ Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2019

Uncovering Spiritual Narratives es el título del libro escrito por Suzanne M. Coyle, publicado en el 2014 por la editorial Fortress Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Estados Unidos de América. El libro tiene un propósito de divulgación teórico-práctica del estudio de la terapia narrativa haciendo énfasis en las narrativas espirituales. La autora tiene un propósito didáctico al presentar algunos parámetros importantes para el desarrollo de la metodología de develamiento de las narrativas espirituales, dando pautas muy concretas en varios momentos a lo largo de todo el libro y particularmente al final de cada capítulo. Suzzanne Coyle, en un lenguaje accesible, demuestra cómo las historias espirituales crean significados y posibilidades que llevan a una acción liberadora.
Historia, Conversación y Acontecimiento: Tres elementos de la Narración Terapéutica
Authors: Ramos Gutiérrez Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Las terapias Narrativas y Dialógicas han introducido en nuestro arsenal terapéutico conceptos y técnicas derivados de las teorías de la Narración y de la Conversación; pero se han enfocado básicamente hacia historias del pasado y conversaciones orientadas por ellas. En este trabajo postulamos que la historia terapéutica, la Historia no-vivida-todavía es la que se orienta hacia el futuro fundándose en los Acontecimientos que ocurren durante la propia terapia. Las Lógicas de la Narración y la Lógica Argumental de la Conversación son los instrumentos con que cuenta el terapeuta para situarse ante los Acontecimientos que van ocurriendo durante la terapia y ante los Ecos que despiertan en otras conversaciones que se producen durante el transcurso de la misma, para ayudarse en su trabajo de buscar para esta historia el mejor final posible dadas las circunstancias. En el presente artículo se desarrollan esas lógicas Narrativas y Conversacionales y se ilustran con la ayuda de material clínico.
Moral Character, Moral Agency and the Genres of the Representation of Others
Authors: Epston David
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo es una conferencia ofrecida en San Antonio, Texas donde se plantean algunas formas de acercarse a conversaciones que destaquen el carácter moral de las personas en relación con el Problema que las acosa. Se ofrecen varias historias que ayudan a reflexionar acerca de la capacidad de las personas de verse a sí mismas como dignas de su propio respeto y del respeto de los demás. Tal respeto moral no sólo permite lo que podemos llamar “agencia moral” sino también poder ejercerla más libremente. Las conversaciones acerca de las “maravillosidades” y las conversaciones que comienzan con las virtudes y no con los problemas, son modos de subvertir las representaciones dominantes que el problema ofrece. Se trata de recuperar las vidas de las personas de todo aquello que las despoja de lo que voy a denominar “su carácter moral”. Posiblemente, en sintonía con lo que se ha venido denominando la identidad preferida, las personas prefieren ser representadas en términos de su carácter moral, sus virtudes morales. Esto también tiene que quedar de manifiesto en lo que llamamos contradocumentos y se ofrecen un conjunto de cartas terapéuticas para ejemplificar esto. Quizás el presente artículo pueda ser visto como un contradocumento, donde se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de rescatar las virtudes morales de las personas, incluso antes de hablar de los problemas.
Potenciando la Reautoría de los Adolescentes Adoptados: El patito que aprendió que nunca fue feo
Authors: Ger Cabero Sandra , Pacheco Pérez Meritxell , Solórzano Fàbrega Elisabet
Published: November 2019

La adolescencia de los hijos adoptivos supone un reto para las familias. Además de la transición que supone en sí misma la adolescencia, el hijo adoptivo necesitará recuperar el sentido de autoría de su vida, o quizás vivenciarlo por vez primera. Necesitará integrar una historia de origen llena de interrogantes, carencias, pérdidas y rupturas, con la historia vivida y narrada con su familia adoptiva. El adolescente adoptado necesitará entramar una narrativa de identidad coherente y posibilitadora que le permita proyectarse al futuro y hacerlo con seguridad. Contrariamente a las intervenciones que estigmatizan o patologizan al adoptado por su conducta, la intervención narrativa que ilustramos mediante un caso nos permite el re-entramado narrativo coherente de la experiencia vivida y la recuperación del sentido de autoría de la propia vida a la vez que el fortalecimiento del sentimiento de pertenencia a la familia de adopción. El hijo adoptivo parte de una historia de carencias y vulnerabilidades, pero en él también están las fortalezas y recursos que le van a permitir re-narrarse en una identidad preferida.
Attributes of Process Maturity of Public Administration Units in Poland
Authors: Krukowski Krzysztof , Raczyńska Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Process management is a concept that is used in public administration units in Poland to an increasing extent. Implementing this concept in public organizations, in line with the assumptions of New Public Management, is directed, among others, to increase their efficiency. The purpose of the research presented in the article was to identify the attributes describing process maturity of the community offices of urban type in Poland and to assess the interdependence of the attributes. In order to achieve the goal, an authors’ questionnaire was used. Also, an attempt was made to create a process maturity model dedicated to the community offices. As a result of the conducted research, it was noticed that most of the examined entities use, at least, some elements (attributes) of process management. However, they are used at different levels by individual community offices.
Changes in Plasma and Ovarian Steroid Hormone Level in Wild Female Blue Tang Fish Paracanthurus hepatus during a Reproductive Cycle
Authors: Sang Huynh , Lam Ho , Hy Le , Ky Pham , Minh-Thu Phan
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to document the seasonal cycle of steroid levels in the plasma and ovary, including testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) in relation to ovarian development in wild populations of female blue tang fish. The gonadosomatic index (GSI%) maintained high values from April to July and increased from the II to IV ovarian stages and dropped in the V stage. Levels of plasma, ovary T and E2 and DHP were high from March to July. Plasma T and E2 levels were low in the II stage when most oocytes were previtellogenic, reaching a peak during spawning, and decreased in the V stages when fish were going to late spawning and termination. DHP was detected in all stages of the ovary with a higher level in spawning fish but decreased after spawning. These results revealed that T, E2 and DHP could be involved in ovarian development and DHP may play a significant role as a maturational inducing hormone in blue tang fish.
Performance and Behavioural Responses of Group Housed Dairy Calves to Two Different Weaning Methods
Authors: Scoley Gillian , Gordon Alan , Morrison Steven
Published: November 2019

The weaning of dairy calves is a significant stressor which can impact on calf performance and welfare. However, many traditional methods of assessing the effects of stressors can be invasive and impractical for farmers. This study aimed to use a combination of non-invasive monitoring technologies alongside traditional measures of calf performance to examine the impact of two contrasting weaning methods commonly used on dairy farms in the United Kingdom. Ninety group-housed Holstein Friesian calves were allocated to one of two weaning methods: (i) gradual weaning (GW) with volume of milk replacer (MR) stepping down from 36 days of age and complete withdrawal of MR at 57 days of age and (ii) abrupt weaning (AW) with consistent daily volume of milk replacer and complete withdrawal of MR at 50 days of age. Feeding regimes were such that calves from both treatments were offered the same total amount of milk powder. Gradually weaned calves displayed increased solid feed intake at an earlier age when compared with AW calves. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was reduced in gradually weaned calves between days 36 and 49. However, there was no difference in live weight (LWT) or average daily gain (ADG) throughout this period. Abrupt weaning at 50 days of age resulted in decreased ADG and FCE between days 50 and 56. However, there were no treatment differences in ADG between days 57 and 62. Live weight tended to be increased by 2.2 kg in GW calves when compared with AW calves at the end of experiment on day 63. Frequency of unrewarded visits to the milk feeder throughout the pre-wean period was consistently increased in GW calves. Daily lying time was reduced in AW compared with GW calves in the days following abrupt weaning (days 50–55). However, these differences did not persist between days 57 and 62. Heart rate variability (HRV) tended to be decreased in GW compared with AW calves in the period following complete withdrawal of milk replacer. Findings from the current study suggest that calves offered the same total amount of milk powder can be weaned either gradually from 36 days of age or abruptly at 50 days of age without significant impact to live weight at 63 days of age. However, both behavioural and physiological data collected using the methods described could suggest that gradual weaning of calves from 36 days of age results in an increase in underlying frustration. This study highlights the potential of using a combination of non-invasive monitoring technologies in assessing calf response to common management practices.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococci from Horses Destined for Human Consumption: High Detection of S. aureus Isolates of Lineage ST1640 and Those Carrying the lukPQ Gene
Authors: Mama Olouwafemi Mistourath , Gómez Paula , Ruiz-Ripa Laura , Gómez-Sanz Elena , Zarazaga Myriam , Torres Carmen
Published: November 2019

This work aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of Staphylococcus species carriage in horses intended for human consumption, as well as their resistance and virulence determinants. Eighty samples (30 nasal; 50 faecal) were recovered from 73 healthy horses in a Spanish slaughterhouse. The samples were cultured for staphylococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) recovery. The phenotype/genotype of antimicrobial resistance was analysed for all isolates. The spa-type and sequence-type (ST) were determined in Staphylococcus aureus strains; moreover, the presence of virulence and host-adaptation genes (tst, eta, etb, pvl, lukPQ, scn-eq, and scn) was studied by PCR. Staphylococcus species were detected in 27/30 (90%) and 33/50 (66%) of nasal and faecal samples, respectively. Ninety isolates belonging to eight species were recovered, with predominance of S. aureus (n = 34), Staphylococcus delphini (n = 19), and Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 19). S. aureus strains were all methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), 28/34 were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, and the remaining six showed resistance to (gene-detected) streptomycin (ant (6)-Ia), penicillin (blaZ), and trimetroprim/sulphametoxazole (SXT) (dfrA, dfrG). The lineage ST1640/t2559 was predominant (n = 21). The genes lukPQ and scn-eq were present in all but the ST1640 isolates. Three S. sciuri isolates were multidrug-resistant. Healthy horses in Spain seem to be a reservoir for virulent MSSA and the lineage ST1640, although the presence of the latter in horses is described for the first time in this study. Moreover, the equine-adapted leukocidin gene lukPQ is frequent among S. aureus strains. A large variety of staphylococcal species with low antibiotic resistance rate were also observed.
Variants in BMP7 and BMP15 3’-UTRs Associated with Reproductive Traits in a Large White Pig Population
Authors: Yin Hang , Du Xing , Li Qiqi , Pan Zengxiang , Wu Wangjun , Liu Honglin , Li Qifa
Published: November 2019

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and BMP15, which encode members of the BMP family, have been identified by whole-genome resequencing as breeding-related genes that overlap with a known quantitative trait locus for reproductive traits. In this study, we investigated the effects of variants at the BMP7 and BMP15 gene loci on sow reproductive traits. We isolated 669 and 1213 bp sequences of the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the porcine BMP7 and BMP15 genes, respectively, and detected several RNA regulatory elements, such as miRNA response elements and AU-rich elements. Pooled DNA sequencing identified two novel point mutations (viz., BMP7 c.1569A>G and BMP15 c.2366G>A) in the 3’-UTR. Association analysis showed that the c.1569A>G polymorphism was associated with the litter weight trait in a Large White pig population. Furthermore, analysis of the combined genetic effects revealed that AA/GA and AG/GG were the favorable combined genotypes for the total number of piglets born (TNB) and the total number of piglets born alive (NBA), whereas. Together, our findings confirm that BMP7 and BMP15 are candidate genes for porcine reproductive performance.
Optimizing Service Placement for Microservice Architecture in Clouds
Authors: Hu Yang , de Laat Cees , Zhao Zhiming
Published: November 2019

As microservice architecture is becoming more popular than ever, developers intend to transform traditional monolithic applications into service-based applications (composed by a number of services). To deploy a service-based application in clouds, besides the resource demands of each service, the traffic demands between collaborative services are crucial for the overall performance. Poor handling of the traffic demands can result in severe performance degradation, such as high response time and jitter. However, current cluster schedulers fail to place services at the best possible machine, since they only consider the resource constraints but ignore the traffic demands between services. To address this problem, we propose a new approach to optimize the placement of service-based applications in clouds. The approach first partitions the application into several parts while keeping overall traffic between different parts to a minimum and then carefully packs the different parts into machines with respect to their resource demands and traffic demands. We implement a prototype scheduler and evaluate it with extensive experiments on testbed clusters. The results show that our approach outperforms existing container cluster schedulers and representative heuristics, leading to much less overall inter-machine traffic.
Influence of Wintertime Polar Vortex Variation on the Climate over the North Pacific during Late Winter and Spring
Authors: Zhang Kequan , Wang Tao , Xu Mian , Zhang Jiankai
Published: November 2019

The effects of wintertime stratospheric polar vortex variation on the climate over the North Pacific Ocean during late winter and spring are analyzed using the National Centers for Environmental Predictions, version 2 (NCEP2) reanalysis dataset. The analysis revealed that, during weak polar vortex (WPV) events, there are noticeably lower geopotential height anomalies over the Bering Sea and greater height anomalies over the central part of the North Pacific Ocean than during strong polar vortex (SPV) events. The formation of the dipolar structure of the geopotential height anomalies is due to a weakened polar jet and a strengthened mid-latitude jet in the troposphere via geostrophic equilibrium. The mechanisms responsible for the changes in the tropospheric jet over the North Pacific Ocean are summarized as follows: when the stratospheric polar westerly is decelerated, the high-latitude eastward waves slow down, and the enhanced equatorward propagation of the eddy momentum flux throughout the troposphere at 60° N. Consequently, the eddy-driven jet over the North Pacific Ocean also shows a southward displacement, leading to a weaker polar jet but a stronger mid-latitude westerly compared with those during the SPV events. Furthermore, anomalous anti-cyclonic flows associated with the higher pressure over the North Pacific Ocean during WPV events induce a warming sea surface temperature (SST) over the western and central parts of the North Pacific Ocean and a cooling SST over the Bering Sea and along the west coast of North America. This SST pattern can last until May, which favors the persistence of the anti-cyclonic flows over the North Pacific Ocean during WPV events. A well-resolved stratosphere and coupled atmosphere-ocean model (CMCC-CMS) can basically reproduce the impacts of stratospheric polar vortex variations on the North Pacific climate as seen in NCEP2 data, although the simulated dipole of geopotential height anomalies is shifted more southward.
A Versatile Integral in Physics and Astronomy and Fox’s H-Function
Authors: Mathai Arak M. , Haubold Hans J.
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with a general class of integrals, the particular cases of which are connected to outstanding problems in physics and astronomy. Nuclear reaction rate probability integrals in nuclear physics, Krätzel integrals in applied mathematical analysis, inverse Gaussian distributions, generalized type-1, type-2, and gamma families of distributions in statistical distribution theory, Tsallis statistics and Beck–Cohen superstatistics in statistical mechanics, and Mathai’s pathway model are all shown to be connected to the integral under consideration. Representations of the integral in terms of Fox’s H-function are pointed out.
Translation from the Ribosome to the Clinic: Implication in Neurological Disorders and New Perspectives from Recent Advances
Authors: Hui Kelvin K. , Chen Yi-Kai , Endo Ryo , Tanaka Motomasa
Published: November 2019

De novo protein synthesis by the ribosome and its multitude of co-factors must occur in a tightly regulated manner to ensure that the correct proteins are produced accurately at the right time and, in some cases, also in the proper location. With novel techniques such as ribosome profiling and cryogenic electron microscopy, our understanding of this basic biological process is better than ever and continues to grow. Concurrently, increasing attention is focused on how translational regulation in the brain may be disrupted during the progression of various neurological disorders. In fact, translational dysregulation is now recognized as the de facto pathogenic cause for some disorders. Novel mechanisms including ribosome stalling, ribosome-associated quality control, and liquid-liquid phase separation are closely linked to translational regulation, and may thus be involved in the pathogenic process. The relationships between translational dysregulation and neurological disorders, as well as the ways through which we may be able to reverse those detrimental effects, will be examined in this review.
Analyzing the Raman Spectra of Graphenic Carbon Materials from Kerogens to Nanotubes: What Type of Information Can Be Extracted from Defect Bands?
Authors: Puech Pascal , Kandara Mariem , Paredes Germercy , Moulin Ludovic , Weiss-Hortala Elsa , Kundu Anirban , Ratel-Ramond Nicolas , Plewa Jérémie-Marie , Pellenq Roland , Monthioux Marc
Published: November 2019

Considering typical spectra of a broad range of carbonaceous materials from gas-shale to nanotubes, various ways by which defects show up in Raman spectra are exampled and discussed. The position, resonance behavior, and linewidth of both the D and G bands are compared, even if in some cases obtaining accurate information on the materials from the fitting parameters is a difficult task. As a matter of fact, even if a full picture is unreachable, defining parameter trends is one acceptable option. Two ways to determine the linewidth, either graphically and or by fitting are proposed in order to be able to compare literature data. The relationship between the crystallite size obtained from the linewidth and from X-ray diffraction, which is complementary to the Tuinstra and Koenig law, is examined. We show that a single approach is not possible unless modeling is performed and therefore that analysis of Raman spectra should be adapted to the specificities of each sample series, i.e., a minimum of knowledge about the materials is always required.
Evaluation of Commercial “Carbon Quantum Dots” Sample on Origins of Red Absorption and Emission Features
Authors: Liang Weixiong , Ge Lin , Hou Xiaofang , Ren Xianyan , Yang Liju , Bunker Christopher E. , Overton Christopher M. , Wang Ping , Sun Ya-Ping
Published: November 2019

The commercially acquired aqueous solution of “carbon quantum dots” sample was evaluated by optical absorption and fluorescence emission methods; in reference to aqueous dispersed small carbon nanoparticles and representative carbon dots prepared from chemical functionalization of the carbon nanoparticles. The results suggest a very low content of carbon that is associated with nanoscale carbon particles/domains in the as-supplied sample; and likely significant contamination by dye-like species/mixtures. In the absence of any information on the synthesis and history of the commercial sample, the possible cause of the contamination was illustrated by an example on similar dye formation in the one-pot carbonization synthesis of “red carbon dots” from citric acid–formamide precursor mixtures under too mild processing conditions that were insufficient for the intended carbonization. The negative impacts to the carbon dots research field by the apparent proliferation and now commercial availability of carbon-deficient or even largely carbon-less “carbon quantum dots”, which are more susceptible to dye contamination or dominance, are discussed.
Hyperprogressive Disease during Anti-PD-1 (PDCD1) / PD-L1 (CD274) Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Jong Yeob , Lee Keum Hwa , Kang Jeonghyun , Borcoman Edith , Saada-Bouzid Esma , Kronbichler Andreas , Hong Sung Hwi , de Rezende Leandro Fórnias Machado , Ogino Shuji , Keum Nana , Song Mingyang , Luchini Claudio , van der Vliet Hans J. , Shin Jae Il , Gamerith Gabriele
Published: November 2019

Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a recently acknowledged pattern of rapid tumor progression after the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. HPD has been observed across various types of tumors and has been associated with poor survival. We performed a meta-analysis to identify baseline (i.e., prior to programmed cell death 1 [PD-1, PDCD1] / programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 [PD-L1, CD274] inhibitor therapy) patient factors associated with risks of developing HPD during PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. We searched eight databases until 6 June 2019. We calculated the summary odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model and explored between-study heterogeneity and small-study effects. A total of nine articles was eligible (217 HPD cases, 1519 cancer patients) for meta-analysis. There was no standard definition of HPD, and the incidence of HPD ranged from 1 to 30%. We identified twenty-three baseline patient factors, of which five factors were statistically significantly associated with HPD. These were serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) above the upper normal limit (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02–3.49, p = 0.043), more than two metastatic sites (OR = 1.86, 1.34–2.57, p < 0.001), liver metastases (OR = 3.33, 2.07–5.34, p < 0.001), Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score of 2 or above (OR = 3.33, 1.96–5.66, p < 0.001), and positive PD-L1 expression status that was inversely correlated with HPD (OR = 0.60, 0.36–0.99, p = 0.044). Between-study heterogeneity was low. Evidence of small-study effect was found in one association (PD-L1 expression). Subset analyses of patients with non-small cell lung cancer showed similar results. Future studies are warranted to identify underlying molecular mechanisms and to test their roles as predictive biomarkers of HPD.
Jak-Stat Signaling Induced by Interleukin-6 Family Cytokines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lokau Juliane , Schoeder Victor , Haybaeck Johannes , Garbers Christoph
Published: November 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. It can be caused by chronic liver cell injury with resulting sustained inflammation, e.g., triggered by infections with hepatitis viruses B (HBV) and C (HCV). Death of hepatocytes leads to the activation of compensatory mechanisms, which can ultimately result in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Another common feature is the infiltration of the liver with inflammatory cells, which secrete cytokines and chemokines that act directly on the hepatocytes. Among several secreted proteins, members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines have emerged as important regulatory proteins that might constitute an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The IL-6-type cytokines activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, and especially the Jak/STAT cascade has been shown to be crucial for HCC development. In this review, we give an overview about HCC pathogenesis with respect to IL-6-type cytokines and the Jak/STAT pathway. We highlight the role of mutations in genes encoding several proteins involved in the cytokine/Jak/STAT axis and summarize current knowledge about IL-6 family cytokines in this context. We further discuss possible anti-cytokine therapies for HCC patients in comparison to already established therapies.
Mutation Induction in Humans and Mice: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Dubrova Yuri
Published: November 2019

The analysis of mutation induction in human families exposed to mutagens provides the only source of reliable estimates of factors contributing to the genetic risk of human exposure to mutagens. In this paper, I briefly summarize the results of recent studies on the pattern of mutation induction in the human and mouse germline. The results of recent studies on the genome-wide effects of exposure to mutagens on mutation induction in the mammalian germline are presented and discussed. Lastly, this review also addresses the issue of transgenerational effects of parental exposure to mutagens on mutation rates in their non-exposed offspring, which are known as transgenerational instability. The possible contribution of transgenerational instability to the genetic risk of human exposure to mutagens is discussed.
Interaction of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1 With Integrin α5β1 Is a Modulator of Extravillous Trophoblast Functions
Authors: Rattila Shemona , Dunk Caroline E. , Im Michelle , Grichenko Olga , Zhou Yan , Cohen Marie , Yanez-Mo Maria , Blois Sandra M. , Yamada Kenneth M. , Erez Offer , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Lye Stephen J. , Hinz Boris , Romero Roberto , Dveksler Gabriela
Published: November 2019

Human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) serve immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic functions during pregnancy and are mainly expressed by syncytiotrophoblast cells. While PSG mRNA expression in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) was reported, the proteins were not previously detected. By immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we show that PSGs are expressed by invasive EVTs and co-localize with integrin α5. In addition, we determined that native and recombinant PSG1, the most highly expressed member of the family, binds to α5β1 and induces the formation of focal adhesion structures resulting in adhesion of primary EVTs and EVT-like cell lines under 21% oxygen and 1% oxygen conditions. Furthermore, we found that PSG1 can simultaneously bind to heparan sulfate in the extracellular matrix and to α5β1 on the cell membrane. Wound healing assays and single-cell movement tracking showed that immobilized PSG1 enhances EVT migration. Although PSG1 did not affect EVT invasion in the in vitro assays employed, we found that the serum PSG1 concentration is lower in African-American women diagnosed with early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia, a pregnancy pathology characterized by shallow trophoblast invasion, than in their respective healthy controls only when the fetus was a male; therefore, the reduced expression of this molecule should be considered in the context of preeclampsia as a potential therapy.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Electrical Property and Photosensitivity of a PAN-PMMA Derived Carbon Fiber
Authors: Xu Tyler , Nguyen Antonino , Rosas Noe , Flores Isidro , Chen Cindy , Gan Jeremy B. , Hamdan Anan S. , Gan Yong X.
Published: November 2019

Fibers are promising materials being utilized in electronics, principally in the areas of capacitors and sensors. In this study, we examine the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the electrical conductive behavior and photosensitivity of a carbon-based fiber, which was made by electrospinning a polymer solution containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Converting the polymeric fiber into a carbon fiber was performed through the controlled pyrolysis during which oxidation, stabilization, and carbonization happened. After oxidation at an elevated temperature, the linear polymer fiber was stabilized to have a backbone structure. Then the oxidized fiber was treated in an even higher temperature range to be partially carbonized under the protection of argon gas. We utilized multiple samples of the fibers treated at various pyrolysis temperatures inside a heat furnace and examined the effects of the temperatures on the properties. The partially carbonized fiber is highly active in view of electron generation under photon energy excitation. The unique electrical and photovoltaic property are due to their semiconducting behavior. The morphology of the specimen before and after the pyrolysis was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images displayed the shrinkage of the fiber due to the pyrolysis. There are two stages of pyrolysis kinetics. Stage I is related to the oxidation of the PAN polymer. Stage II is associated with the carbonization and the activation energy of carbonization is calculated as 118 kJ/mol.
Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia Synthesis in Paraguay from the Itaipu 14 GW Hydroelectric Plant
Authors: Rivarolo Massimo , Riveros-Godoy Gustavo , Magistri Loredana , Massardo Aristide F.
Published: November 2019

This paper aims at investigating clean hydrogen production from the large size (14 GW) hydroelectric power plant of Itaipu, located on the border between Paraguay and Brazil, the two countries that own and manage the plant. The hydrogen, produced by a water electrolysis process, is converted into ammonia through the well-known Haber-Bosch process. Hydraulic energy is employed to produce H2 and N2, respectively, from a large-scale electrolysis system and an air separation unit. An economic feasibility analysis is performed considering the low electrical energy price in this specific scenario and that Paraguay has strong excess of renewable electrical energy but presents a low penetration of electricity. The proposal is an alternative to increase the use of electricity in the country. Different plant sizes were investigated and, for each of them, ammonia production costs were determined and considered as a term of comparison with traditional ammonia synthesis plants, where H2 is produced from methane steam reforming and then purified. The study was performed employing a software developed by the authors’ research group at the University of Genoa. Finally, an energetic, environmental, and economic comparison with the standard production method from methane is presented.
Influence of Gas Pressure on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cu-Al Coatings Deposited via Thermal Spray
Authors: Morales Alfredo , Piamba Oscar , Olaya Jhon
Published: November 2019

We report the results of the influence of the acetylene and oxygen gas pressure on the wear resistance of aluminum–bronze coatings deposited on naval brass substrate by means of the thermal (flame) deposition process. The coatings were characterized by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The adhesion was determined with cross-hatching tests, and the mechanical response was assessed by measuring the nanohardness and by three-body and ball-on-disk abrasive wear tests. The results indicate that changes in the pressure and flow of the gas affect the morphology and the mechanical properties of the coatings, and these effects have consequences for the wear behavior of the coatings. Before the projection of the coatings, numerical simulations were carried out using Jets & Poudres software, where the collision speed of the particles was identified as the most significant factor that influences the mechanical properties and the performance of the coating. The gas pressure modified the hardness and the porosity level, which allowed improving the wear resistance.
Design and Implementation of SFCI: A Tool for Security Focused Continuous Integration
Authors: Lescisin Michael , Mahmoud Qusay H. , Cioraca Anca
Published: November 2019

Software security is a component of software development that should be integrated throughout its entire development lifecycle, and not simply as an afterthought. If security vulnerabilities are caught early in development, they can be fixed before the software is released in production environments. Furthermore, finding a software vulnerability early in development will warn the programmer and lessen the likelihood of this type of programming error being repeated in other parts of the software project. Using Continuous Integration (CI) for checking for security vulnerabilities every time new code is committed to a repository can alert developers of security flaws almost immediately after they are introduced. Finally, continuous integration tests for security give software developers the option of making the test results public so that users or potential users are given assurance that the software is well tested for security flaws. While there already exists general-purpose continuous integration tools such as Jenkins-CI and GitLab-CI, our tool is primarily focused on integrating third party security testing programs and generating reports on classes of vulnerabilities found in a software project. Our tool performs all tests in a snapshot (stateless) virtual machine to be able to have reproducible tests in an environment similar to the deployment environment. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a tool for security-focused continuous integration. The test cases used demonstrate the ability of the tool to effectively uncover security vulnerabilities even in open source software products such as ImageMagick and a smart grid application, Emoncms.
Land Cover Mapping using Digital Earth Australia
Authors: Lucas Richard , Mueller Norman , Siggins Anders , Owers Christopher , Clewley Daniel , Bunting Peter , Kooymans Cate , Tissott Belle , Lewis Ben , Lymburner Leo , Metternicht Graciela
Published: November 2019

This study establishes the use of the Earth Observation Data for Ecosystem Monitoring (EODESM) to generate land cover and change classifications based on the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) and environmental variables (EVs) available within, or accessible from, Geoscience Australia’s (GA) Digital Earth Australia (DEA). Classifications representing the LCCS Level 3 taxonomy (8 categories representing semi-(natural) and/or cultivated/managed vegetation or natural or artificial bare or water bodies) were generated for two time periods and across four test sites located in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales. This was achieved by progressively and hierarchically combining existing time-static layers relating to (a) the extent of artificial surfaces (urban, water) and agriculture and (b) annual summaries of EVs relating to the extent of vegetation (fractional cover) and water (hydroperiod, intertidal area, mangroves) generated through DEA. More detailed classifications that integrated information on, for example, forest structure (based on vegetation cover (%) and height (m); time-static for 2009) and hydroperiod (months), were subsequently produced for each time-step. The overall accuracies of the land cover classifications were dependent upon those reported for the individual input layers, with these ranging from 80% (for cultivated, urban and artificial water) to over 95% (for hydroperiod and fractional cover). The changes identified include mangrove dieback in the southeastern Gulf of Carpentaria and reduced dam water levels and an associated expansion of vegetation in Lake Ross, Burdekin. The extent of detected changes corresponded with those observed using time-series of RapidEye data (2014 to 2016; for the Gulf of Carpentaria) and Google Earth imagery (2009–2016 for Lake Ross). This use case demonstrates the capacity and a conceptual framework to implement EODESM within DEA and provides countries using the Open Data Cube (ODC) environment with the opportunity to routinely generate land cover maps from Landsat or Sentinel-1/2 data, at least annually, using a consistent and internationally recognised taxonomy.