bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of Lewy bodies with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes and their role in cognition and Alzheimer’s dementia in older persons
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Yu Lei , Nag Sukriti , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Schneider Julie A.
Published: September 2021

Lewy bodies (LBs) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) are common in older persons and associated with cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relationship between LBs and LATE-NC and their combined roles in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia in community-dwelling participants. The study included 1670 community-based participants (mean age-at-death, 89.5 years (SD = 6.65); 69% females) who underwent annual assessments of cognition to create summary measures of global cognition and cognitive domains and evaluation for Alzheimer’s dementia. Systematic neuropathologic evaluations were performed to assess LBs, LATE-NC, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We excluded cases with pathologically confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration in this study. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used, adjusted for demographics and AD pathology. LBs were present in 428 (25.6%) decedents (29 nigra-predominant, 165 limbic-type, and 234 neocortical-type) while 865 (51.7%) decedents exhibited LATE-NC (307 stage 1, 167 stage 2, and 391 stage 3). LBs combined with LATE-NC were common (15% of all participants) and in those with Alzheimer’s dementia (25%). Neocortical-type, but not nigral-predominant or limbic-type LBs increased the odds of stage 2/3 LATE-NC (odds ratio = 1.70; 95% confidence interval = 1.26–2.30). The association between neocortical-type LBs and stage 2/3 LATE-NC was stronger in those under 90 years of age and in women. In analyses of cognition and Alzheimer’s dementia, LATE-NC and neocortical-type LBs, separately, were related to lower global cognition, five specific cognitive domains, and an increased odds of Alzheimer’s dementia, above and beyond the AD pathology. Limbic-type LBs were related to lower global cognition, and the domains of episodic, working, and semantic memory, and increased odds of Alzheimer’s dementia. Furthermore, there was no interaction between limbic/neocortical-type LBs and LATE-NC on cognitive function, cognitive domains, or Alzheimer’s dementia. These findings suggest that neocortical-type LBs are associated with LATE-NC, specifically in the younger old and in women. Limbic/neocortical-type LBs and LATE-NC have separate and additive effects on cognitive function and odds of Alzheimer’s dementia.
Dutch or Iranian? Technical study of a seventeenth-century painting on paper from Gesina Ter Bosch’s scrapbook
Authors: Couvrat Desvergnes Amélie , Sauvage Leila , de Hond Jan , D’Imporzano Paolo , Alfeld Matthias
Published: September 2021

A scrapbook compiled between 1660 and 1687 by Gesina ter Borch (1631–1690), a female artist from the small town of Zwolle in the Netherlands, contains an intriguing painting on paper of a full-length portrait of a young Iranian. Although the figure wears the attributes in vogue at the Safavid court of Isfahan, certain elements seem rather incongruous and peculiar. The general composition appears static and rigid, an impression reinforced by an unusual black painted background. Stylistic differences within the painting were also observed, hinting at alterations to the original painting. To investigate the history of the painting and to reconstruct the original composition and identify the later additions, perhaps made by Gesina herself, the painting was examined with different imaging and analytic techniques available at the Conservation and Science Department of the Rijksmuseum. This allowed the research team to discriminate between pigments used for the original composition and pigments used to conceal damaged areas of the painting and added pictorial elements. After interpreting scientific results, as well as historical findings, it was possible to shed light on the use of specific pigments, namely lead white and smalt, and on the possible misinterpretation of some details, such as the cup held by the young man. The results of macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) and lead isotope analysis, viewed in the light of information about the economic and cultural exchanges between Iran and the Netherlands in the seventeenth century, fed new theories about the origin and history of this painting. The painting, originally made in Iran in the style of Riza Abbasi, the head of the Emperor Shah Abbas’ library, ended up in Gesina ter Borch's workshop and may have been ‘restored’ by the artist to improve its condition and to match her tastes.
The influence of tactile information on the human evaluation of tactile properties
Authors: Jang Shin Young , Ha Jisoo
Published: September 2021

Virtual technologies such as haptic devices and virtual try-ons have been developed to bring more certainty to the non-touch shopping experience; however, they are still no substitute for the in-person experience. In order to resolve the current limitations of haptic technology, it is necessary to carry out fundamental research on the ways in which humans perceive and discern different tactile properties. This study investigated how vision and physical touch affect the evaluation of the tactile properties of knitwear and discovered factors that affect tactile evaluation in a non-touch environment. The result of this study proved that humans can perceive tactile properties similarly when they are able to physically touch the fabric, whether their vision is obstructed or not. However, participants were unable to accurately perceive the tactile properties of knitwear when they evaluated fabrics using only visual materials, especially stretchiness and flexibility. It is confirmed that a surface haptic experience could increase the accuracy of stretchiness and flexibility evaluations, but it did not help in the evaluations of fabric thickness and heaviness. Findings from interviews suggested that the shape, width and number of folds, density, and thickness of the yarn are all major factors that influence the tactile perception of knitwear when participants could only evaluate properties through on-screen visual materials. Findings from this study contributes to the improvement of the consumer experience in the contact-free shopping environment and can be used as a fundamental guide to human perception of clothing, which can support technologies such as haptic devices.
MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism on stroke risk: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Xiaobo , Wang Jun , Wang Gesheng , Wang Jiayue , Wang Lei , Du Yong
Published: September 2021

Background

Previous studies have shown the effect of MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism on stroke risk. But the results of published studies remained inconclusive and controversial. So we conducted a meta-analysis to accurately estimate the potential association between MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism and stroke susceptibility.

Methods

A systematic literature search on Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang electronic database identified 40 articles including 5725 cases and 8655 controls. Strength of association was evaluated by pooled odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value. Funnel plots and Begger’s regression test were applied for testing the publication bias. Statistical analysis of all data was performed by Stata 12.0.

Results

The meta-analysis results indicated a significant relationship between MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphisms and stoke risk under the C allelic genetic model (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.07–1.32, p = 0.001), dominant genetic model (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.06–1.33, p = 0.004) and recessive genetic model (OR = 1.43, 95%CI =1.15–1.77, p = 0.001). In subgroup analysis, we discovered obvious correlation in three genetic model of Asian, stroke type, adult by ethnicity, population, stroke type, source of control and case size. Additionally, in studies of control from hospital and case size equal 100, obvious correlation was also found in the three genetic model.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis results indicated that there was evidence to support the correlation between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and stroke susceptibility, especially in adults and ischemic stroke.
Risk assessment for COVID-19 transmission at household level in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from DHS
Authors: Makinde Olusesan Ayodeji , Akinyemi Joshua O. , Ntoimo Lorretta F. , Ajaero Chukwuedozie K. , Ononokpono Dorothy , Banda Pamela C. , Adewoyin Yemi , Petlele Rebaone , Ugwu Henry , Odimegwu Clifford Obby
Published: September 2021

Household habitat conditions matter for diseases transmission and control, especially in the case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). These conditions include availability and adequacy of sanitation facilities, and number of persons per room. Despite this, little attention is being paid to these conditions as a pathway to understanding the transmission and prevention of COVID-19, especially in Africa, where household habitat conditions are largely suboptimal. This study assesses household sanitation and isolation capacities to understand the COVID-19 transmission risk at household level across Africa. We conducted a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys of 16 African countries implemented between 2015 and 2018 to understand the status of households for prevention of COVID-19 transmission in home. We assessed handwashing capacity and self-isolation capacity using multiple parameters, and identified households with elderly persons, who are most at risk of the disease. We fitted two-level random intercept logit models to explore independent relationships among the three indicators, while controlling for the selected explanatory variables. Handwashing capacity was highest in Tanzania (48.2%), and lowest in Chad (4.2%), varying by household location (urban or rural), as well as household wealth. Isolation capacity was highest in South Africa (77.4%), and lowest in Ethiopia (30.9%). Senegal had the largest proportion of households with an elderly person (42.1%), while Angola (16.4%) had the lowest. There were strong, independent relationships between handwashing and isolation capacities in a majority of countries. Also, strong associations were found between isolation capacity and presence of older persons in households. Household capacity for COVID-19 prevention varied significantly across countries, with those having elderly household members not necessarily having the best handwashing or isolation capacity. In view of the age risk factors of COVID-19 transmission, and its dependence on handwashing and isolation capacities of households, each country needs to use the extant information on its risk status to shape communication and intervention strategies that will help limit the impact of the disease in its population across Africa.
Aspergillus oryzae and Beauveria bassiana as entomopathogenic fungi of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting corn in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana Yuyun , Suharjo Radix , Swibawa I. Gede , Semenguk Bihikmi , Pasaribu Lita Theresia , Hartaman Maman , Rwandini Ruruh Anjar , Indriyati Indriyati , Purnomo Purnomo , Solikhin Solikhin
Published: September 2021

Background

Spodoptera lituraFabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) ofS. lituracollected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province.

Results

Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae ofTenebrio molitorLinnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi fromT. molitorcadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar ofS. lituralarvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused byS. liturawere conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality ofS. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed asBeauveria bassianaand the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) wereAspergillus oryzae. S. lituragenerally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018.

Conclusions

Aspergillus oryzaeandB. bassianawere the EPF recorded infectingS. liturain corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates ofA. oryzaeas EPF ofS. liturain Indonesia. Slight damages withS. liturawere always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.
Cryo-EM as a powerful tool for drug discovery: recent structural based studies of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kim Han-ul , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: September 2021

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has arisen as a global pandemic affecting the respiratory system showing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there is no targeted therapeutic agent yet and due to the growing cases of infections and the rising death tolls, discovery of the possible drug is the need of the hour. In general, the study for discovering therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2 is largely focused on large-scale screening with fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). With the recent advancement in cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), it has become one of the widely used tools in structural biology. It is effective in investigating the structure of numerous proteins in high-resolution and also had an intense influence on drug discovery, determining the binding reaction and regulation of known drugs as well as leading the design and development of new drug candidates. Here, we review the application of cryo-EM in a structure-based drug design (SBDD) and in silico screening of the recently acquired FBDD in SARS-CoV-2. Such insights will help deliver better understanding in the procurement of the effective remedial solution for this pandemic.
The growth factor/cytokine midkine may participate in cytokine storm and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients
Authors: Ketenci Sema , Aynacıoğlu A. Şükrü
Published: September 2021

Background

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly become a global challenge, creating major challenges to health systems in almost every country in the world it has turned into a pandemic. COVID-19 poses a risky clinical situation that can range from mild illness to severe respiratory failure, requiring admission to intensive care.

Main body

It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a cytokine storm in some critically ill patients. However, more and more evidence showed that there is a dramatic increase in cytokine levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Midkine (MK) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, which some of them are desired and beneficial such as controlling tissue repair and antimicrobial effects, but some others are harmful such as promoting inflammation, carcinogenesis, and chemoresistance. Also, MK is expressed in inflammatory cells and released by endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusions

Considering all this information, there are strong data that midkine, an important cytokine known to increase in inflammatory diseases, may be overexpressed in patients who are positive for COVID-19. The overexpression of MK reveals a picture leading to fibrosis and damage in the lung. Therefore, questions arise about how the expression  of  MK  changes in COVID-19 patients and can we use it as an inflammation biomarker or in the treatment protocol in the future.
Effects of diet and fitness apps on eating disorder behaviours: qualitative study
Authors: Eikey Elizabeth V.
Published: September 2021

Background

Diet and fitness apps are often promoted in university and college settings and touted as a means to improve health with little attention given to unanticipated negative effects, especially among those at risk for or with eating disorders.

Aims

Few researchers have studied how these apps affect women with eating disorders in university and college settings. This research investigates the unintended negative consequences of engaging with these tools.

Method

Data collection sessions comprised three components conducted with 24 participants: survey (demographic and eating disorder symptoms), think-aloud exercise and semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data.

Results

Participants reported that diet and fitness apps trigger and exacerbate symptoms by focusing heavily on quantification, promoting overuse and providing certain types of feedback. Eight themes of negative consequences emerged: fixation on numbers, rigid diet, obsession, app dependency, high sense of achievement, extreme negative emotions, motivation from ‘negative’ messages, and excess competition. Although these themes were common when users’ focus was to lose weight or eat less, they were also prevalent when users wanted to focus explicitly on eating disorder recovery.

Conclusions

Unintended negative consequences are linked to the quantified self movement, conception of appropriate usage, and visual cues and feedback. This paper critically examines diet and fitness app design and discusses implications for designers, educators and clinicians. Ultimately, this research emphasises the need for a fundamental shift in how diet and fitness apps promote health, with mental health at the forefront.
Maternal and paternal depression and child mental health trajectories: evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Rajyaguru Priya , Kwong Alex S. F. , Braithwaite Elizabeth , Pearson Rebecca M.
Published: September 2021

Background

The relationships between offspring depression profiles across adolescence and different timings of parental depression during the perinatal period remain unknown.

Aims

To explore different timings of maternal and paternal perinatal depression in relation to patterns of change in offspring depressive mood over a 14 year period.

Method

Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Parental antenatal depression (ANTD) was assessed at 18 weeks gestation, and postnatal depression (PNTD) at 8 weeks postpartum. Population-averaged trajectories of offspring depressive symptoms were estimated using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) on nine occasions between 10 and 24 years of age.

Results

Full data were available for 5029 individuals. Offspring exposed to both timings of maternal depression had higher depressive symptoms across adolescence compared with offspring not exposed to ANTD or PNTD, characterised by higher depressive symptoms at age 16 (7.07 SMFQ points (95% CI = 6.19, 7.95; P < 0.001)) and a greater rate of linear change (0.698 SMFQ points (95% CI = 0.47, 0.93; P = 0.002)). Isolated maternal ANTD and to a lesser extent PNTD were also both associated with higher depressive symptoms at age 16, yet isolated maternal PNTD showed greater evidence for an increased rate of linear change across adolescence. A similar pattern was observed for paternal ANTD and PNTD, although effect sizes were attenuated.

Conclusions

This study adds to the literature demonstrating that exposure to two timings of maternal depression (ANTD and PNTD) is strongly associated with greater offspring trajectories of depressive symptoms.
Trainee-Led Quality Improvement Project to Improve Fertility Preservation Counseling for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Sena Laura A. , Sedhom Ramy , Scott Susan , Kagan Amanda , Marple Andrew H. , Canzoniero Jenna V. , Hsu Melinda , Qasim Hussaini Syed M. , Herati Amin S. , Reschke Lauren , Antero Maria Facadio , Christianson Mindy S. , Binder Adam F. , Chen Allen R. , Donehower Ross C. , Marrone Kristen A. , Gupta Arjun
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

Oncofertility counseling regarding the reproductive risks associated with cancer therapy is essential for quality cancer care. We aimed to increase the rate of oncofertility counseling for patients of reproductive age (18-40 years) with cancer who were initiating systemic therapy at the Johns Hopkins Cancer Center from a baseline rate of 37% (25 of 68, June 2019-January 2020) to 70% by February 2021.

METHODS:

We formed an interprofessional, multidisciplinary team as part of the ASCO Quality Training Program. We obtained data from the electronic medical record and verified data with patients by phone. We surveyed patients, oncologists, and fertility specialists to identify barriers. After considering a prioritization matrix, we implemented Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles.

RESULTS:

We identified the following improvement opportunities: (1) oncologist self-reported lack of knowledge about counseling and local fertility preservation options and (2) lack of a standardized referral mechanism to fertility services. During the first PDSA cycle (February 2020-August 2020, disrupted by COVID-19), we introduced the initiative to increase oncofertility counseling at faculty meetings. From September 2020 to November 2020, we implemented a second PDSA cycle: (1) educating and presenting the initiative at Oncology Grand Rounds, (2) distributing informative pamphlets to oncologists and patients, and (3) implementing an electronic medical record order set. In the third PDSA cycle (December 2020-February 2021), we redesigned the order set to add information (eg, contact information for fertility coordinator) to the patient after-visit summary. Postimplementation (September 2020-February 2021), counseling rates increased from 37% to 81% (38 of 47).

CONCLUSION:

We demonstrate how a trainee-led, patient-centered initiative improved oncofertility care. Ongoing work focuses on ensuring sustainability and assessing the quality of counseling.
METTL3-Induced miR-222-3p Upregulation Inhibits STK4 and Promotes the Malignant Behaviors of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Lin Shaojian , Zhu Yue , Ji Chengcheng , Yu Weiming , Zhang Cheng , Tan Langping , Long Miaoyun , Luo Dingyuan , Peng Xinzhi
Published: September 2021

Context

Abnormally high expression of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) has been implied to accompany thyroid carcinoma (TC) development.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the protumorigenic role and downstream signaling axis of METTL3 in TC.

Methods

This study was conducted at the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University. METTL3 and miR-222-3p were overexpressed or downregulated in TC cells. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 80 patients (19 men and 60 women, aged 30-70 years) with a pathological diagnosis of TC from January 2012 to January 2015. Cells were classified and subjected to different treatments. The expression of METTL3 was validated in TC tissues and cell lines. In functional studies, METTL3 and miR-222-3p were overexpressed or downregulated in TC cells to evaluate their effects on malignant behaviors, which were subsequently verified by xenografts in nude mice.

Results

The expression of METTL3 was elevated in TC, correlating with poor prognosis of TC patients. Heightened METTL3 expression accelerated malignant behaviors of TC cells. Mechanistically, METTL3 stimulated miR-222-3p expression by mediating the m6A modification of pri-miR-222-3p. miR-222-3p targeted and inversely regulated serine/threonine stress kinase 4 (STK4). Knockdown of METTL3 augmented STK4 expression by downregulating miR-222-3p, thereby suppressing the malignant behaviors of TC cells as well as tumor growth and lung metastasis in nude mice.

Conclusion

Silencing METTL3 suppresses miR-222-3p expression and thus stimulates STK4 expression, thereby repressing the malignancy and metastasis of TC.
High Hemoglobin Glycation Index Is Associated With Telomere Attrition Independent of HbA1c, Mediated by TNFα
Authors: Lyu Lu , Yu Jie , Liu Yiwen , He Shuli , Zhao Yuan , Qi Mengya , Ping Fan , Xu Lingling , Li Wei , Zhang Huabing , Li Yuxiu
Published: September 2021

Context

The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is correlated with metabolic diseases and inflammation. Whether the HGI is associated with the aging process and how inflammation and oxidative stress affect the relationship remain unclear.

Objective

We aimed to analyze links between the HGI and aging biomarkers, and to explore a potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the correlations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 434 subjects with different glucose intolerances in a rural community was enrolled. The HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured and predicted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The population was categorized into tertiles of the HGI. Telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 6, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured.

Results

Participants in the high HGI group were older and reported a shorter LTL, higher levels of TNFα, SOD activities, and HbA1c. Correlation analyses demonstrated that HGI was correlated with LTL (r = –0.25, P < .001) and TNFα (r = 0.19, P < .001) regardless of HbA1c levels. No relationship was found between HGI and mtDNAcn. HGI (β = –0.238, 95% CI –0.430, –0.046, P = .015) and TNFα (β = –0.02, 95% CI –0.030, –0.014, P < .001) were proved to be correlated with LTL independently, using multiple linear regression analysis. Ordinal logistic regression models showed that compared with subjects the high HGI group, the possibilities of a higher-level LTL was 5.29-fold in the low HGI group (OR 5.29, 95% CI (2.45, 11.41), P < .001), 2.41-fold in the moderate HGI group (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.35, 4.30, P = .003) after controlling for confounding variables. Mediation analyses indicated that TNFα accounted for 30.39% of the effects of the HGI on LTL.

Conclusion

HGI was negatively related to telomere attrition, independent of HbA1c. TNFα acted as a mediator of the relationship between HGI and LTL.
Hydraulic cements for various intra-coronal applications: Part 1
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J , Camilleri Josette
Published: September 2021

Hydraulic cements are unique materials that set in the presence of water and do not deteriorate when wet and, as such, they lend themselves to be used in a range of endodontic procedures. Various products are available, and a classification is helpful to guide the clinician. Hydraulic cements may be used in three different locations namely: intra-coronally (pulp capping and barrier regenerative endodontics); intra-radicularly (root canal sealer and apical plug); and extra-radicularly (perforation repair and root-end filler). This article is the first of two parts and reviews the chemistry of these materials and their intra-coronal use.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Hydraulic cements are indicated for several procedures in clinical endodontics and their efficacy is supported by an increasing body of evidence.
CADCAM in dentistry. Materials and methods: an overview for the dental team
Authors: Fieldhouse Simon
Published: September 2021

CADCAM is still a relatively underused genre in UK dentistry. This article examines, in broad context, the range of technology and materials available in the UK. The nature of a digital workflow is outlined, with examples therein. Subtractive and additive manufacturing is discussed, along with manufacturing methods and materials. The perceived barriers to incorporating CADCAM, the actual benefits of digital dentistry to the dental team, and our patients, along with comments as to the future of digital dentistry in the UK are also discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: With the increasing interest in CADCAM in UK dentistry, an overview of emerging technology and materials is essential information for clinicians.
Ceramics in dentistry: which material is appropriate for the anterior or posterior dentition? Part 2: recent clinical research
Authors: Win Loo Chien , Sands Peter , Bonsor Stephen J , Burke FJ Trevor
Published: September 2021

The large choice of ceramic materials for an indirect restoration has given clinicians a dilemma when choosing a suitable ceramic material for restorations in anterior or posterior teeth. Part 1 compared the physical properties and aesthetics of lithium disilicate and zirconia materials. This article explores recent clinical research on these materials.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of which ceramic material performs optimally on anterior and posterior teeth is clinically important.
Expressive piano technic: basics of healthy movement, technic and interpretation
Authors: Smith Scott
Published: September 2021

In the 19th century, leading piano pedagogues stressed the importance of accuracy and speed in piano playing. "Nothing is worse than wrong notes," wrote Czerny, only to be chastised by Beethoven asking for more musical teaching. 20th and 21st-century research has shown that this technic-interpretation divide is a false dichotomy: even early-level students are able to discern emotional expression and musical form while simultaneously building their piano technic. It is time to fully integrate technic and interpretation into one holistic teaching approach.

A knowledge-based approach to piano teaching will incorporate insights derived from current research into aural perception and motor learning. These include audiation: the ability to sing inwardly, think in sound and understand every detail of music making without the physical presence of sound. Building a student’s sense of interoception, the awareness of sensations inside the body; and proprioception, the consciousness of limb position and movement outside the body, will facilitate technical development. Helping a student integrate all of this into their executive control, the ability to switch rapidly from task to task and quickly focus attention in different parameters, has been proven to improve brain function. “Technic comes from the mind (Geist), not the fingers,” said Liszt.

In light of the growing interest in neurologically informed teaching, current research is summarized and cited, and practical, step-by-step applications are provided for immediate use in the teaching studio, demonstrating a new integrated schema for building a strong technical foundation in all piano students.
Finite $\epsilon$-unit distance graphs
Authors: KREBS Mike
Published: September 2021

In 2005, Exoo posed the following question. Fix $\epsilon$ with $0\leq\epsilon<1$. Let $G_\epsilon$ be the graph whose vertex set is the Euclidean plane, where two vertices are adjacent iff the Euclidean distance between them lies in the closed interval $[1-\epsilon,1+\epsilon]$. What is the chromatic number $\chi(G_\epsilon)$ of this graph? The case $\epsilon=0$ is precisely the classical ``chromatic number of the plane'' problem. In a 2018 preprint, de Grey shows that $\chi(G_0)\geq 5$; the proof relies heavily on machine computation. In 2016, Grytczuk et al. proved a weaker result with a human-comprehensible but nonconstructive proof: whenever $0<\epsilon<1$, we have that $\chi(G_\epsilon)\geq 5$. (This lower bound of $5$ was later improved by Currie and Eggleton to $6$.) The De Bruijn - Erd\H{o}s theorem (which relies on the axiom of choice) then guarantees the existence, for each $\epsilon$, of a finite subgraph $H_\epsilon$ of $G_\epsilon$ such that $\chi(H_\epsilon)\geq 5$. In this paper, we explicitly construct such finite graphs $H_\epsilon$. We find that the number of vertices needed to create such a graph is no more than $2\pi(15+14\epsilon^{-1})^2$. Our proof can be done by hand without the aid of a computer.
Rewriting Ibsen for the big screen
Authors: Engelstad Audun
Published: September 2021

Henrik Ibsen is regarded as the champion of realist theatre. In the early days of cinema, there were several silent film adaptations of Ibsen’s plays. One would think, given his standing as a playwright, that there would be a continuous interest in Ibsen’s work after the conversion to sound. This article examines how the realist theatre – heralded by Ibsen – relates to classical (Hollywood) cinema and how Ibsen in various ways has been rewritten and has recently re-emerged within contemporary cinema.
Trade stories, film policy and radical uncertainty: Remarks on Scandinavian cinema and COVID-19 inspired by ‘Digging the digital?’
Authors: Frykholm Joel
Published: September 2021

A selection of Corona-related trade stories from the field of ‘creative documentary’ is examined and connected to a discussion about government film policy – long-term support structures as well as ad hoc measures to counter the effects of COVID-19 – all in an effort to gauge the pandemic’s ramifications for Scandinavian cinema and the film industry’s navigation of conditions of radical uncertainty.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward rabies in three provinces of Indonesia
Authors: Rehman Saifur , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Rehman Abdul , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Shehzad Aamir
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Rabies is an important viral zoonotic disease that is mostly transmitted through the bite of a rabid dog. Despite serious efforts regarding its control, rabies is still endemic in many provinces of Indonesia. The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to rabies in urban and rural areas in three provinces of Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 432 respondents of different age groups, educational levels, geographical areas, and occupations participated in this study. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire with online and offline modes to assess the KAP of rabies among the respondents. A series of Chi-square tests and frequency distribution analyses were performed to determine associations between response variables.

Results: Of the 432 participants, 56.9% were aware of the clinical signs of rabies. Excepting for people at high risk of contracting the disease (e.g., veterinarians), most respondents (83.1%) were not vaccinated against rabies. Surprisingly, 79.4 % of those who were bitten by an infected dog did not seek medical care from the doctor and approximately 71.8% had poor knowledge of rabies control and vaccine campaigns. Of all respondents, 64% (p<0.05, odds ratio=1.63) were vaccinated after an infected dog bite. Similarly, 32% (p<0.05, odds ratio=1.59) were aware of surveys and vaccinations in their areas. In contrast, 20.7% (p<0.05, odds ratio=0.593) reported that rabid dogs were killed in their areas. The majority (89.60%) of the respondents were aware of the fact that rabies can cause death. Most of the respondents (93%) knew that rabies is caused by an infected dog bite. The overall levels of KAP among the respondents were good.

Conclusion: The findings of the current study generally show that participants had good knowledge about clinical signs based on their frequency percentage, but lacked knowledge regarding medical treatment and surveys for awareness and vaccination of rabies. Overall, a significant (p<0.05, odds ratio>1) relationship was found among the KAP of participants. This depicts that the majority of the population is aware of rabies and factors involved in its transmission.
Influência do monocultivo de Pinus sp. na qualidade da água sub-terrânea superficial da Ilha dos Marinheiros (Rio Grande, RS)
Authors: Castanha Izabella Nunes P. , Baumgarten Maria da Graça Zepka , Andrade Carlos Francisco Ferreira de
Published: September 2021

A qualidade da água subterrânea pode ser comprometida pela substituição da mata nativa por espécies exóticas, como o Pinus sp, recorrente na Ilha dos Marinheiros (cerca de 1300 hab., 39,28km²), Rio Grande (RS). Na ilha não há suprimento oficial de água potável, sendo consumida a água subterrânea. Durante anos houve o cultivo de Pinus sp. em regiões da Ilha e por ordem judicial, estes foram removidos posteriormente, deixando resíduos. O presente estudo avaliou a qualidade da água subterrânea de três áreas da ilha: Área 1: presença remanescente de uma mata de Pinus sp. em desenvolvimento; Área 2: presença de mata residual; Área 3: controle, sem atividades antrópicas. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência dos monocultivos na qualidade da água subterrânea superficial. Os resultados mostraram que a água subterrânea da ilha é levemente ácida e subsaturada em oxigênio. A mata em desenvolvimento contribui com aumentos para a água subterrânea da acidez, condutividade, cloretos e fosfato. Na área com a mata residual, a água subterrânea apresentou intensos acréscimos de ferro dissolvido, cor e turbidez e manganês. Portanto, a desarborização dos monocultivos não evita a contaminação da água subterrânea. É indispensável a retirada total dos resíduos da mata no solo. Os ilhéus precisam ser contemplados com ações de gestão pública, que lhes permitam o consumo de água potável e com a conscientização da inadequação da ilha para implantação de monocultivos de espécies exóticas.
Application of Data-Driven Discovery Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Geothermal Reservoir Temperature from Geophysical Resistivity Method
Authors: Namaswa Solomon , Githiri John , Mariita Nicholas , K’Orowe Maurice , Njiru Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Geophysical methods including seismology, resistivity, gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic have been put in use for geothermal resource mapping at the Great Olkaria Geothermal field for decades. Reservoir temperature distribution and the electrical conductivity of rocks mainly depend on the same parameters such permeability, porosity, fluid salinity and temperature. This research focused on the integration of Olkaria Domes geothermal well testing temperature and geophysical Electromagnetic resistivity data with the aim of establishing an alternative estimation method for temperature of the reservoir through machine learning Analytics. To achieve this, Data-Driven Discovery Predictive Model Algorithm was built using Python programming language on Anaconda framework. The open-source web based application Jupyter Notebook for coding and visualization was used. Decision Tree Regression, Adaptive Booster Regression, Support Vector Regression and Random Forest Regression were used. The model performance was evaluated using R-Score and Mean Absolute Error metrics. Based on these performance score, the best performing model was suggested to predict subsurface temperature from resistivity. Training the model using the DTR algorithm approach provides superior outputs with R2 of 0.81 and lowest MAE of 29.8. The DTR algorithm could be implemented in determination of subsurface Temperature from resistivity in high temperature hydrothermal fields.
Stories Inspired Optimization Algorithms - The Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gajawada Satish
Published: September 2021

.
Representation of the kinematics of the natural trihedral of a spiral-helix trajectory by quaternion matrices
Authors: Alpatov Anatolii , Kravets Victor , Kravets Volodymyr , Lapkhanov Erik
Published: September 2021

The spiral-helix trajectory of the transport vehicle programmed motion in the form of a hodograph in the stationary frame of reference is considered. A relative frame of reference associated with the natural trihedral of the trajectory is introduced. The formulas of curvature and torsion of the trajectory, the unit vector of the natural trihedral, the components of the angular velocity of rotation of the natural trihedral in the proper axes and in the stationary frame of reference are set in the quaternionic matrices. The results are verified using the Frenet-Serret formulas. The mathematical apparatus of quaternion matrices is tested with the aim of adapting spatial, nonlinear problems of dynamic design of transport vehicles to a computational experiment.
Nonlocal Differential Equations with Convolution Coefficients and Applications to Fractional Calculus
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S.
Published: September 2021

The existence of at least one positive solution to a large class of both integer- and fractional-order nonlocal differential equations, of which one model case is

-

A
⁢

(

(

b
*

u
q

)

⁢

(
1
)

)

⁢

u
′′

⁢

(
t
)

=

λ
⁢
f
⁢

(
t
,

u
⁢

(
t
)

)

,

t
∈

(
0
,
1
)

,

q
≥
1

,

-A((b*u^{q})(1))u^{\prime\prime}(t)=\lambda f(t,u(t)),\quad t\in(0,1),\,q\geq 1,

is considered. Due to the coefficient

A
⁢

(

(

b
*

u
q

)

⁢

(
1
)

)

{A((b*u^{q})(1))}

appearing in the differential equation, the equation has a coefficient containing a convolution term. By choosing the kernel b in various ways, specific nonlocal coefficients can be recovered such as nonlocal coefficients equivalent to a fractional integral of Riemann–Liouville type. The results rely on the use of a nonstandard order cone together with topological fixed point theory. Applications to fractional differential equations are given, including a problem related to the

(

n
-
1

,
1
)

{(n-1,1)}

-conjugate problem.
Hoeffding–Sobol decomposition of homogeneous co-survival functions: from Choquet representation to extreme value theory application
Authors: Mercadier Cécile , Ressel Paul
Published: September 2021

The paper investigates the Hoeffding–Sobol decomposition of homogeneous co-survival functions. For this class, the Choquet representation is transferred to the terms of the functional decomposition, and in addition to their individual variances, or to the superset combinations of those. The domain of integration in the resulting formulae is reduced in comparison with the already known expressions. When the function under study is the stable tail dependence function of a random vector, ranking these superset indices corresponds to clustering the components of the random vector with respect to their asymptotic dependence. Their Choquet representation is the main ingredient in deriving a sharp upper bound for the quantities involved in the tail dependograph, a graph in extreme value theory that summarizes asymptotic dependence.
On a stronger reconstruction notion for monoids and clones
Authors: Behrisch Mike , Vargas-García Edith
Published: September 2021

Motivated by reconstruction results by Rubin, we introduce
a new reconstruction notion for permutation groups, transformation monoids and clones, called automatic action
compatibility, which entails automatic homeomorphicity. We further give a characterization of automatic
homeomorphicity for transformation monoids on arbitrary carriers with a dense group of invertibles having automatic
homeomorphicity. We then show how to lift automatic action compatibility from groups to monoids and from monoids to
clones under fairly weak assumptions. We finally employ these theorems to get automatic action compatibility
results for monoids and clones over several well-known countable structures, including the strictly ordered
rationals, the directed and undirected version of the random graph, the random tournament and bipartite graph,
the generic strictly ordered set, and the directed and undirected versions of the universal homogeneous Henson graphs.
A simple proof of the generalized Leibniz rule on bounded Euclidean domains
Authors: Nguyen Quoc-Hung , Sire Yannick , Vázquez Juan-Luis
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to a simple proof of the generalized Leibniz rule in bounded domains. The operators under consideration are the so-called spectral Laplacian and the restricted Laplacian. Equations involving such operators have lately been considered by Constantin and Ignatova in the framework of the SQG equation
[P. Constantin and M. Ignatova,
Critical SQG in bounded domains,
Ann. PDE 2 2016, 2, Article ID 8]
in bounded domains, and by two of the authors
[Q.-H. Nguyen and J. L. Vázquez,
Porous medium equation with nonlocal pressure in a bounded domain,
Comm. Partial Differential Equations 43 2018, 10, 1502–1539]
in the framework of the porous medium with nonlocal pressure in bounded domains. We will use the estimates in this work in a forthcoming paper on the study of porous medium equations with pressure given by Riesz-type potentials.
Commutative L-algebras and measure theory
Authors: Rump Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Measure and integration theory for finitely additive measures, including vector-valued measures,
is shown to be essentially covered by a class of commutative
L-algebras, called measurable algebras. The domain and range of any
measure is a commutative L-algebra. Each measurable algebra embeds
into its structure group, an abelian group with a compatible lattice
order, and each (general) measure extends uniquely to a monotone group
homomorphism between the structure groups. On the other hand, any measurable
algebra X is shown to be the range of an essentially unique measure on
a measurable space, which plays the role of a universal covering. Accordingly,
we exhibit a fundamental group of X, with stably closed subgroups
corresponding to a special class of measures with X as target. All structure
groups of measurable algebras arising in a classical context are archimedean.
Therefore, they admit a natural embedding into a group of extended real-valued
continuous functions on an extremally disconnected compact space, the Stone space of the measurable algebra.
Extending Loomis’ integration theory for
finitely additive measures, it is proved that, modulo null functions, each
integrable function can be represented by a unique continuous function on the Stone space.
Reconstructing étale groupoids from semigroups
Authors: Bice Tristan , Clark Lisa Orloff
Published: September 2021

We unify various étale groupoid reconstruction theorems such as the following:

•

Kumjian and Renault’s reconstruction from a groupoid C*-algebra;

•

Exel’s reconstruction from an ample inverse semigroup;

•

Steinberg’s reconstruction from a groupoid ring;

•

Choi, Gardella and Thiel’s reconstruction from a groupoidLp{L^{p}}-algebra.

We do this by working with certainbumpysemigroupsSof functions defined on an étale groupoidG. The semigroup structure ofStogether with the diagonal subsemigroupDthen yields a natural domination relation≺{\prec}onS. The groupoid of≺{\prec}-ultrafilters is then isomorphic to the original groupoidG.
On the topological complexity of manifolds with abelian fundamental group
Authors: Cohen Daniel C. , Vandembroucq Lucile
Published: September 2021

We find conditions which ensure that the topological complexity of a closed manifold M with abelian fundamental group is nonmaximal, and see through examples that our conditions are sharp. This generalizes
results of Costa and Farber on the topological complexity of spaces with small fundamental group. Relaxing the commutativity condition on the fundamental group, we also generalize results of Dranishnikov on the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category of the cofibre of the diagonal map

Δ
:

M
→

M
×
M

{\Delta:M\to M\times M}

for nonorientable surfaces by establishing the nonmaximality of this invariant for a large class of manifolds.