bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 in Deciduous Pine Forest of Lower Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Nilendu , Parida Bikash Ranjan , Charakborty Joyeeta Singh , Patel N.R.
Published: May 2019

Carbon cycle studies over the climate-sensitive Himalayan regions are relatively understudied and to address this gap, systematic measurements on carbon balance components were performed over a deciduous pine forest with an understory layer. We determined annual net carbon balance, seasonality in components of carbon balance, and their environmental controls. Results indicated a strong seasonality in the behavior of carbon exchange components. Net primary productivity (NPP) of pine forest exceeded soil respiration during the growing phase. Consequently, net ecosystem exchange exhibited a net carbon uptake. In the initial phase of the growing season, daily mean uptake was −3.93 (±0.50) g C m−2 day−1, which maximizes (−8.47 ± 2.3) later during post-monsoon. However, a brief phase of carbon release was observed during peak monsoon (August) owing to an overcast condition. Nevertheless, annually the forest remained as a carbon sink. The understory is extensively distributed and it turned out to be a key component of carbon balance because of sustained NPP during the pine leafless period. Temperature and evaporative fraction exhibited a prime control over the seasonal carbon dynamics. Our observations could lend certain useful insights into the application of coupled climate-carbon cycle models for the Himalaya and ecological functions in the region.
Spatiotemporal Mapping and Monitoring of Whiting in the Semi-Enclosed Gulf Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Time Series Images and a Generic Ensemble Tree-Based Model
Authors: Shanableh Abdallah , Al-Ruzouq Rami , Gibril Mohamed Barakat A. , Flesia Cristina , AL-Mansoori Saeed
Published: May 2019

Whiting events in seas and lakes are a natural phenomenon caused by suspended calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. The Arabian Gulf, which is a semi-enclosed sea, is prone to extensive whiting that covers tens of thousands of square kilometres. Despite the extent and frequency of whiting events in the Gulf, studies documenting the whiting phenomenon are lacking. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to detect, map and document the spatial and temporal distributions of whiting events in the Gulf using daily images acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites from 2002 to 2018. A method integrating a geographic object-based image analysis, the correlation-based feature selection technique (CFS), the adaptive boosting decision tree (AdaBoost DT) and the rule-based classification were used in the study to detect, quantify and assess whiting events in the Gulf from the MODIS data. Firstly, a multiresolution segmentation was optimised using unsupervised quality measures. Secondly, a set of spectral bands and indices were investigated using the CFS to select the most relevant feature(s). Thirdly, a generic AdaBoost DT model and a rule-based classification were adopted to classify the MODIS time series data. Finally, the developed classification model was compared with various tree-based classifiers such as random forest, a single DT and gradient boosted DT. Results showed that both the combination of the mean of the green spectral band and the normalised difference index between the green and blue bands (NDGB), or the combination of the NDGB and the colour index for estimating the concentrations of calcium carbonates (CI) of the image objects, were the most significant features for detecting whiting. Moreover, the generic AdaBoost DT classification model outperformed the other tested tree-based classifiers with an overall accuracy of 97.86% and a kappa coefficient of 0.97. The whiting events during the study period (2002–2018) occurred exclusively during the winter season (November to March) and mostly in February. Geographically, the whiting events covered areas ranging from 12,000 km2 to 60,000 km2 and were mainly located along the southwest coast of the Gulf. The duration of most whiting events was 2 to 6 days, with some events extending as long as 8 to 11 days. The study documented the spatiotemporal distribution of whiting events in the Gulf from 2002 to 2018 and presented an effective tool for detecting and motoring whiting events.
A Study on the Assessment of Multi-Source Satellite Soil Moisture Products and Reanalysis Data for the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cheng Meilin , Zhong Lei , Ma Yaoming , Zou Mijun , Ge Nan , Wang Xian , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: May 2019

Soil moisture is a key variable in the process of land–atmosphere energy and water exchange. Currently, there are a large number of operational satellite-derived soil moisture products and reanalysis soil moisture products available. However, due to the lack of in situ soil moisture measurements over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), their accuracy and applicability are unclear. Based on the in situ measurements of the soil moisture observing networks established at Maqu, Naqu, Ali, and Shiquanhe (Sq) by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental Resources, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Twente over the TP, the accuracy and reliability of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture version 4.4 (ESA CCI SM v4.4) soil moisture products and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) soil moisture product were evaluated. The spatiotemporal distributions and interannual variations of the soil moisture were analyzed. Further, the climatological soil moisture changing trends across the TP were explored. The results show that with regard to the whole plateau, the combined product performs the best (unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) = 0.043 m3/m3, R = 0.66), followed by the active product (ubRMSE = 0.048 m3/m3, R = 0.62), the passive product (ubRMSE = 0.06 m3/m3, R = 0.61), and the ERA5 soil moisture product (ubRMSE = 0.067 m3/m3, R = 0.52). Considering the good spatiotemporal data continuity of the ERA5 soil moisture product, the ERA5 soil moisture data from 1979 to 2018 were used to analyze the climatological soil moisture changing trend for the entire TP surface. It was found that there was an increasing trend of soil moisture across the TP, which was consistent with the overall trends of increasing precipitation and decreasing evaporation. Moreover, the shrinkage of the cryosphere in conjunction with the background TP warming presumably contribute to soil moisture change.
Seismic Surface Deformation Risks in Industrial Hubs: A Case Study from Ulsan, Korea, Using DInSAR Time Series Analysis
Authors: Yun Hye-Won , Kim Jung-Rack , Yoon HaSu , Choi YunSoo , Yu JungHum
Published: May 2019

The unprecedentedly strong 2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquakes on the Korean Peninsula aroused public concern regarding seismic hazards previously considered improbable. In this study, we investigated the effects of recent seismic activity close to the epicenters of both earthquakes in the heavy industrial complex of Ulsan. This was performed using Sentinel-1 InSAR time series data combined with on-site GPS observations and background GIS data. The interpretations revealed ongoing topographic deformation of a fault line and surrounding geological units of up to 15 mm/year. Postseismic migrations through the fault line, coupled with the two earthquakes, were not significant enough to pose an immediate threat to the industrial facilities or the residential area. However, according to InSAR time series analyses and geophysical modelling, strain from the independent migration trend of a fault line and eventual/temporal topographic changes caused by potential seismic friction could threaten precisely aligned industrial facilities, especially chemical pipelines. Therefore, we conducted probabilistic seismic hazard and stress change analyses over surrounding areas of industrial facilities employing modelled fault parameters based on InSAR observations. These demonstrate the potential of precise geodetic survey techniques for constant monitoring and risk assessment of heavy industrial complexes against seismic hazards by ongoing fault activities.
On Providing Multi-Level Quality of Service for Operating Rooms of the Future
Authors: Facco Rodrigues Vinicius , da Rosa Righi Rodrigo , André da Costa Cristiano , Eskofier Björn , Maier Andreas
Published: May 2019

The Operating Room (OR) plays an important role in delivering vital medical services to patients in hospitals. Such environments contain several medical devices, equipment, and systems producing valuable information which might be combined for biomedical and surgical workflow analysis. Considering the sensibility of data from sensors in the OR, independently of processing and network loads, the middleware that provides data from these sensors have to respect applications quality of service (QoS) demands. In an OR middleware, there are two main bottlenecks that might suffer QoS problems and, consequently, impact directly in user experience: (i) simultaneous user applications connecting the middleware; and (ii) a high number of sensors generating information from the environment. Currently, many middlewares that support QoS have been proposed by many fields; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on this topic or the OR environment. OR environments are characterized by being crowded by persons and equipment, some of them of specific use in such environments, as mobile x-ray machines. Therefore, this article proposes QualiCare, an adaptable middleware model to provide multi-level QoS, improve user experience, and increase hardware utilization to middlewares in OR environments. Our main contributions are a middleware model and an orchestration engine in charge of changing the middleware behavior to guarantee performance. Results demonstrate that adapting middleware parameters on demand reduces network usage and improves resource consumption maintaining data provisioning.
Super-Wide Impedance Bandwidth Planar Antenna for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal Singh , See Chan H. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto
Published: May 2019

A feasibility study of a novel configuration for a super-wide impedance planar antenna is presented based on a 2 × 2 microstrip patch antenna (MPA) using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna comprises a symmetrical arrangement of four-square patches that are interconnected to each other with cross-shaped high impedance microstrip lines. The antenna array is excited through a single feedline connected to one of the patches. The proposed antenna array configuration overcomes the main drawback of conventional MPA with a narrow bandwidth that is typically <5%. The antenna exhibits a super-wide frequency bandwidth from 20 GHz to 120 GHz for S11 < −15 dB, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 142.85%. The antenna’s performance of bandwidth, impedance match, and radiation gain were enhanced by etching slots on the patches. With the inclusion of the slot, the maximum radiation gain and efficiency of the MPA increased to 15.11 dBi and 85.79% at 80 GHz, which showed an improvement of 2.58 dBi and 12.54%, respectively. The dimension of each patch antenna was 4.3 × 5.3 mm2. The results showed that the proposed MPA is useful for various existing and emerging communication systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, RFID systems, massive multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) for 5G, and radar systems.
A Cascade Ensemble Learning Model for Human Activity Recognition with Smartphones
Authors: Xu Shoujiang , Tang Qingfeng , Jin Linpeng , Pan Zhigeng
Published: May 2019

Human activity recognition (HAR) has gained lots of attention in recent years due to its high demand in different domains. In this paper, a novel HAR system based on a cascade ensemble learning (CELearning) model is proposed. Each layer of the proposed model is comprised of Extremely Gradient Boosting Trees (XGBoost), Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees (ExtraTrees) and Softmax Regression, and the model goes deeper layer by layer. The initial input vectors sampled from smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope sensor are trained separately by four different classifiers in the first layer, and the probability vectors representing different classes to which each sample belongs are obtained. Both the initial input data and the probability vectors are concatenated together and considered as input to the next layer’s classifiers, and eventually the final prediction is obtained according to the classifiers of the last layer. This system achieved satisfying classification accuracy on two public datasets of HAR based on smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope sensor. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has gained better classification accuracy for HAR compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, and the training process of the model is simple and efficient.
Rapid Invasion of Spartina Alterniflora in the Coastal Zone of Mainland China: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Human Prevention
Authors: Mao Dehua , Liu Mingyue , Wang Zongming , Li Lin , Man Weidong , Jia Mingming , Zhang Yuanzhi
Published: May 2019

Given the extensive spread and ecological consequences of exotic Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) over the coast of mainland China, monitoring its spatiotemporal invasion patterns is important for the sake of coastal ecosystem management and ecological security. In this study, Landsat series images from 1990 to 2015 were used to establish multi-temporal datasets for documenting the temporal dynamics of S. alterniflora invasion. Our observations revealed that S. alterniflora had a continuous expansion with the area increasing by 50,204 ha during the considered 25 years. The largest expansion was identified in Jiangsu Province during the period of 1990–2000, and in Zhejiang Province during the periods 2000–2010 and 2010–2015. Three noticeable hotspots for S. alterniflora invasion were Yancheng of Jiangsu, Chongming of Shanghai, and Ningbo of Zhejiang, and each had a net area increase larger than 5000 ha. Moreover, an obvious shrinkage of S. alterniflora was identified in three coastal cities including the city of Cangzhou of Hebei, Dongguan, and Jiangmen of Guangdong. S. alterniflora invaded mostly into mudflats (>93%) and shrank primarily due to aquaculture (55.5%). This study sheds light on the historical spatial patterns in S. alterniflora distribution and thus is helpful for understanding its invasion mechanism and invasive species management.
Packet Key-Based End-to-End Security Management on a Blockchain Control Plane
Authors: Jung Younchan , Peradilla Marnel , Agulto Ronnel
Published: May 2019

The existing LTE mobile system uses the vertical model to handle the session-based security management. However, the goal of this paper is to propose a packet key-based security management scheme on the blockchain control plane to enhance the existing session key-based security scheme and overcome the limitation that the existing vertical model, as well as the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based horizontal model, confronts within solving end-to-end security management. The proposed blockchain-based security management (BSM) scheme enables each peer to easily obtain the necessary parameters required to manage the packet key-based security system. The important features of the BSM scheme include the renewal process, which enables the different packet data streams to use completely different security parameters for the security management. In addition, because even blind values cannot be exposed to the possible attackers, our BSM scheme guarantees very secure end-to-end data transfer against active attacks such as falsification of data and transactions. Finally, this paper compares the BSM scheme with the existing vertical model to prove the advantageous effects on latency.
Recent Advances in Fabrication Methods for Flexible Antennas in Wearable Devices: State of the Art
Authors: Mohamadzade Bahare , Hashmi Raheel M , Simorangkir Roy B. V. B. , Gharaei Reza , Ur Rehman Sabih , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: May 2019

Antennas are a vital component of the wireless body sensor networks devices. A wearable antenna in this system can be used as a communication component or energy harvester. This paper presents a detailed review to recent advances fabrication methods for flexible antennas. Such antennas, for any applications in wireless body sensor networks, have specific considerations such as flexibility, conformability, robustness, and ease of integration, as opposed to conventional antennas. In recent years, intriguing approaches have demonstrated antennas embroidered on fabrics, encapsulated in polymer composites, printed using inkjets on flexible laminates and a 3-D printer and, more interestingly, by injecting liquid metal in microchannels. This article presents an operational perspective of such advanced approaches and beyond, while analyzing the strengths and limitations of each in the microwave as well as millimeter-wave regions. Navigating through recent developments in each area, mechanical and electrical constitutive parameters are reviewed, and finally, some open challenges are presented as well for future research directions.
Erratum: Lou, X.; Jia, Z.; Yang, J.; Kasabov, N. Change Detection in SAR Images Based on the ROF Model Semi-Implicit Denoising Method. Sensors 2019, 19, 1179
Authors: Lou Xuemei , Jia Zhenhong , Yang Jie , Kasabov Nikola
Published: May 2019

The authors wish to make the following erratum to this paper [...]
Ultrasound Systems for Biometric Recognition
Authors: Iula Antonio
Published: May 2019

Biometric recognition systems are finding applications in more and more civilian fields because they proved to be reliable and accurate. Among the other technologies, ultrasound has the main merit of acquiring 3D images, which allows it to provide more distinctive features and gives it a high resistance to spoof attacks. This work reviews main research activities devoted to the study and development of ultrasound sensors and systems for biometric recognition purposes. Several transducer technologies and different ultrasound techniques have been experimented on for imaging biometric characteristics like fingerprints, hand vein pattern, palmprint, and hand geometry. In the paper, basic concepts on ultrasound imaging techniques and technologies are briefly recalled and, subsequently, research studies are classified according to the kind of technique used for collecting the ultrasound image. Overall, the overview demonstrates that ultrasound may compete with other technologies in the expanding market of biometrics, as the different commercial fingerprint sensors integrated in portable electronic devices like smartphones or tablets demonstrate.
A Nonlinear Circuit Analysis Technique for Time-Variant Inductor Systems
Authors: Wang Xinning , Li Chong , Song Dalei , Dean Robert
Published: May 2019

Time-variant inductors exist in many industrial applications, including sensors and actuators. In some applications, this characteristic can be deleterious, for example, resulting in inductive loss through eddy currents in motors designed for high efficiency operation. Therefore, it is important to investigate the electrical dynamics of systems with time-variant inductors. However, circuit analysis with time-variant inductors is nonlinear, resulting in difficulties in obtaining a closed form solution. Typical numerical algorithms used to solve the nonlinear differential equations are time consuming and require powerful processors. This investigation proposes a nonlinear method to analyze a system model consisting of the time-variant inductor with a constraint that the circuit is powered by DC sources and the derivative of the inductor is known. In this method, the Norton equivalent circuit with the time-variant inductor is realized first. Then, an iterative solution using a small signal theorem is employed to obtain an approximate closed form solution. As a case study, a variable inductor, with a time-variant part stimulated by a sinusoidal mechanical excitation, is analyzed using this approach. Compared to conventional nonlinear differential equation solvers, this proposed solution shows both improved computation efficiency and numerical robustness. The results demonstrate that the proposed analysis method can achieve high accuracy.
An Interest-Based Approach for Reducing Network Contentions in Vehicular Transportation Systems
Authors: de Souza Allan M. , Maia Guilherme , Braun Torsten , Villas Leandro A.
Published: May 2019

Traffic management systems (TMS) are the key for dealing with mobility issues. Moreover, 5G and vehicular networking are expected to play an important role in supporting TMSs for providing a smarter, safer and faster transportation. In this way, several infrastructure-based TMSs have been proposed to improve vehicular traffic mobility. However, in massively connected and multi-service smart city scenarios, infrastructure-based systems can experience low delivery ratios and high latency due to packet congestion in backhaul links on ultra-dense cells with high data traffic demand. In this sense, we propose I am not interested in it (IAN3I), an interest-based approach for reducing network contention and even avoid infrastructure dependence in TMS. IAN3I enables a fully-distributed traffic management and an opportunistic content sharing approach in which vehicles are responsible for storing and delivering traffic information only to vehicles interested in it. Simulation results under a realistic scenario have shown that, when compared to state-of-the-art approaches, IAN3I decreases the number of transmitted messages, packet collisions and latency in up to 95 % , 98 % and 55 % respectively while dealing with traffic efficiency properly, not affecting traffic management performance at all.
Labour Standards in the Global Supply Chain: Workers’ Agency and Reciprocal Exchange Perspective
Authors: Hoang Dong
Published: May 2019

In the recent decades, fashion brands and retailers in the West have introduced supplier’s Codes of Conduct (CoC) to strengthen international labour standards in their supply chain. Drawing from the concept of workers’ agency and the theory of reciprocity, this paper examines the implementation of CoC from the workers’ perspective and identifies the mechanism used by the workers to negotiate with their employer. Qualitative data was collected from forty semi-structured interviews with mangers, union representative and workers at a garment factory in Vietnam which manufactures clothes to a few well-known fashion brands in the US and Europe. The findings show that, externally, workers are united with the management in hiding non-compliance practices to pass labour audits while, internally, workers challenge the management about long working hours and low pay. This finding highlights the active roles workers play on the two fronts: towards their clients and towards the management. Their collaboration is motivated by the expectation that the management will return the favour by addressing their demands through a reciprocal exchange principle. This paper sheds light on an alternative approach to understanding collective bargaining and labour activism at the bottom of the supply chain and provides recommendations for further research.
Racial Dot Maps Based on Dasymetrically Modeled Gridded Population Data
Authors: Dmowska Anna , Stepinski Tomasz F.
Published: May 2019

Racial geography, mapping spatial distributions of different racial groups, is of keen interest in a multiracial society like the United States. A racial dot map is a method of visualizing racial geography, which depicts spatial distribution, population density, and racial mix in a single, easy-to-understand map. Because of the richness of information it carries, the dot map is an excellent tool for visual analysis of racial distribution. Presently-used racial dot maps are based on the Census data at the tract or the block level. In this paper, we present a method of constructing a more spatially-accurate racial dot map based on a sub-block-resolution population grid. The utility of our dot maps is further enhanced by placing dots on the map in random order regardless of the race they represent in order to achieve a more accurate depiction of local racial composition. We present a series of comparisons between dot maps based on tract, block, and grid data. The advantage of a grid-based dot map is evident from the visual comparison of all maps with an actual image of the mapped area. We make available the R code for constructing grid-based dot maps. We also make available 2010 grid-based racial dot maps for all counties in the conterminous United States.
Nitrate Runoff Contributing from the Agriculturally Intensive San Joaquin River Watershed to Bay-Delta in California
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Chen Huajin , Luo Yuzhou , Moran Patrick , Grieneisen Michael , Zhang Minghua
Published: May 2019

Nitrogen loading from agricultural landscapes can trigger a cascade of detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems. Recently, the spread of aquatic weed infestations (Eichhornia crassipes, Egeria densa, Ludwigia spp., and Onagraceae) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of northern California has raised concerns, and nitrogen loading from California’s intensive farming regions is considered as one of the major contributors. In this study, we employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate nitrogen exports from the agriculturally intensive San Joaquin River watershed to the Delta. The alternate tile drainage routine in SWAT was tested against monitoring data in the tile-drained area of the watershed to examine the suitability of the new routine for a tile nitrate simulation. We found that the physically based Hooghoudt and Kirkham tile drain routine improved model performance in representing tile nitrate runoff, which contributed to 40% of the nitrate loading to the San Joaquin River. Calibration results show that the simulated riverine nitrate loads matched the observed data fairly well. According to model simulation, the San Joaquin River plays a critical role in exporting nitrogen to the Delta by exporting 3135 tons of nitrate-nitrogen annually, which has a strong ecological implication in supporting the growth of aquatic weeds, which has impeded water flow, impairs commercial navigation and recreational activities, and degrades water quality in Bay-Delta waterways. Since nitrate loadings contributed by upstream runoff are an important nutrient to facilitate weed development, our study results should be seen as a prerequisite to evaluate the potential growth impact of aquatic weeds and scientific evidence for area-wide weed control decisions.
Solutions of the Nonlinear Integral Equation and Fractional Differential Equation Using the Technique of a Fixed Point with a Numerical Experiment in Extended b-Metric Space
Authors: Abdeljawad Thabet , Agarwal Ravi P , Karapınar Erdal , Kumari P Sumati
Published: May 2019

The present paper aims to define three new notions: Θ e -contraction, a Hardy–Rogers-type Θ -contraction, and an interpolative Θ -contraction in the framework of extended b-metric space. Further, some fixed point results via these new notions and the study endeavors toward a feasible solution would be suggested for nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations of certain types, as well as a solution to a nonlinear fractional differential equation of the Caputo type by using the obtained results. It also considers a numerical example to indicate the effectiveness of this new technique.
A Weighted Fourier and Wavelet-Like Shape Descriptor Based on IDSC for Object Recognition
Authors: Zheng Yan , Guo Baolong , Li Cheng , Yan Yunyi
Published: May 2019

This article presents an effective shape descriptor with a property of fast matching. This descriptor, called IDSC-wFW (a weighted Fourier and wavelet-like descriptor based on inner distance shape context), first rewrites shape histograms of IDSC descriptors, changing the histogram belonging to a point to the histogram belonging to a field, and sets the histogram of a field as a one-dimensional signal, then transforms this one-dimensional signal by using a Fourier transform and a transform similar to Haar wavelet. Finally, the two transform results are linearly combined to form a new descriptor. This new descriptor requires only a distance-based measure method during the matching stage. Experimental results on three well-known databases show that this new descriptor not only obtains accurate retrieval results but also runs fast.
Quarkonium Phenomenology from a Generalised Gauss Law
Authors: Lafferty David , Rothkopf Alexander
Published: May 2019

We present an improved analytic parametrisation of the complex in-medium heavy quark potential derived rigorously from the generalised Gauss law. To this end we combine in a self-consistent manner a non-perturbative vacuum potential with a weak-coupling description of the QCD medium. The resulting Gauss-law parametrisation is able to reproduce full lattice QCD data by using only a single temperature dependent parameter, the Debye mass m D . Using this parametrisation we model the in-medium potential at finite baryo-chemical potential, which allows us to estimate the Ψ ′ / J / Ψ ratio in heavy-ion collisions at different beam energies.
Eye Movements Actively Reinstate Spatiotemporal Mnemonic Content
Authors: Wynn Jordana S. , Shen Kelly , Ryan Jennifer D.
Published: May 2019

Eye movements support memory encoding by binding distinct elements of the visual world into coherent representations. However, the role of eye movements in memory retrieval is less clear. We propose that eye movements play a functional role in retrieval by reinstating the encoding context. By overtly shifting attention in a manner that broadly recapitulates the spatial locations and temporal order of encoded content, eye movements facilitate access to, and reactivation of, associated details. Such mnemonic gaze reinstatement may be obligatorily recruited when task demands exceed cognitive resources, as is often observed in older adults. We review research linking gaze reinstatement to retrieval, describe the neural integration between the oculomotor and memory systems, and discuss implications for models of oculomotor control, memory, and aging.
Hardware Architecture and Configuration Parameters of a Low Weight Electronic Differential for Light Electric Vehicles with Two Independent Wheel Drive to Minimize Slippage
Authors: Gago-Calderón Alfonso , Clavero-Ordóñez Lucia , Andrés-Díaz Jose Ramón , Fernández-Ramos Jose
Published: May 2019

This article presents a design and performance analysis of an Electronic Differential (ED) system designed for Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs). We have developed a test tricycle vehicle with one front steering wheel and two rear fixed units in the same axis with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor integrated in each of them. Each motor has an independent controller unit and a common electronic Arduino CPU that can plan specific speeds for each wheel as curves are being traced. Different implementations of sensors (input current/torque, steering angle and speed of the wheels) are discussed related to their hardware complexity and performance based on speed level requirements and slipping on the traction wheels. Two driving circuits were generated (slalom and circular routes) and driven at different speeds, monitoring and recording all the related parameters of the vehicle. The most representative graphs obtained are presented. The analysis of these data presents a significant change of the behaviour of the control capability of the ED when the lineal speed of the vehicle makes a change of direction that passes 10 Km/h. In this situation, to obtain good performance of the ED, it is necessary to include sensors related to the wheels.
ANALISIS PERILAKU PENGGUNA TEKNOLOGI ATAS PENERIMAAN LAYANAN E-SAMSAT MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TAM DAN TPB (Studi Kasus Pada SAMSAT Wilayah Kabupaten Subang)
Authors: Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Kurniawan Asep , Umiyati Indah
Published: May 2019

This study aims to examine and analyze the model of technology user behavior on the acceptance of an information system on e-samsat Application system. With sample number 100 respondents with sampling using incidental sampling technique. Hypothesis testing used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Based on the results say that Perceived Ease of Use variable has a positive and significant effect on Perceived of Usefulness and Trust. The Perceived of Usefulness variable has a positive and significant effect on Attitude and Behavior  Intention. Trust variables have a positive and significant influence on Perceived of Usefulness, Perceived Behavior Control, Attitude, Perceived of Risk and Subjective Norm. Perceived Behavior Control and Attitude variables have positive and significant effect on Behavior Intention.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSISTENSI LABA (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2015)
Authors: Nuraeni Risma , Mulyati Sri , Putri Trisandi Eka
Published: May 2019

audit, dan konsentrasi pasar terhadap persistensi laba. Data yang digunakan adalah data perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2013-2015.

Sampel dipilih dengan  menggunakan motode purposive sampling. Sampel yang sesuai kriteria diperoleh sebanyak 32 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 2013-2015, jadi jumlah akhir data observasi yaitu 96 (32 x 3). Kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis regresi data panel dengan aplikasi EViews 9.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap persistensi laba, karena sedikitnya persentasi kepemilikan saham oleh manajerial. Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap  persistensi laba, sedangkan leverage, fee audit dan konsentrasi pasar berpengaruh positif terhadap persistensi laba. Variabel kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan, leverage, fee audit dan konsentrasi pasar secara bersamasama berpengaruh terhadap persistensi laba
VILLAGE FUND: A BALANCED SCORECARD APPROACH
Authors: Hasanah Nur , Novita Novita
Published: May 2019

In public sector organizations the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is not only used as a tool to assess current performance, BSC can also be used to determine performance targets in the future. The performance is certainly in the form of public service products that are directly acceptable and felt by the community. In village government as organizations that receive Dana Desa program, the implementation of the BSC must be supported by the application of the Dana Desa principle so that the Dana Desa can be used in accordance with its objectives. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of Bojong Kulur Village in allocating Dana Desa which can then be used as an evaluation material for a better Bojong Kulur Village performance. Data collection techniques for this study were carried out by observation, documentation, interviews, as well as distributing questionnaires to the community and the Bojong Kulur Village apparatus. The results of this study are the balanced scorecard design that provides strategic initiatives as an action to improve organizational performance that can be used by Bojong Kulur Village as a performance evaluation related to the allocation of Dana Desa to be in accordance with its principles.
TOPSIS METODO PRITAIKOMUMAS ŠALIES YPATINGOS SVARBOS INFRASTRUKTŪROS OBJEKTAMS / THE APPLICATION OF TOPSIS METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NATIONAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Šerėjienė Svetlana , Goranin Nikolaj , Tumasonienė Inga
Published: May 2019

Various countries apply different methodology for national critical infrastructure identification. MCDM method TOPSIS is extensively used in different areas of research such as logistics, health. The best alternative is based on all criteria, dependant on their significance. The paper presents the study of multi-ple criteria decision-making method TOPSIS application for identification of Lithuanian national critical infrastructure. The experiments demonstrate, that use of MCDM ensure better and more stable identification of critical infrastructure resulting in concentrating protection efforts and resources on the most important infrastructure nodes.
A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultra-cool Dwarfs. III. Properties of Y Dwarfs
Authors: Zalesky Joseph A. , Line Michael R. , Schneider Adam C. , Patience Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Ultra-cool brown dwarfs offer a unique window into understanding substellar atmospheric physics and chemistry. Their strong molecular absorption bands at infrared wavelengths, Jupiter-like radii, cool temperatures, and lack of complicating stellar irradiation make them ideal test beds for understanding Jovian-like atmospheres. Here, we report the findings of a uniform atmospheric retrieval analysis on a set of 14 Y- and T-type dwarfs observed with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 instrument. From our retrieval analysis, we find the temperature structures to be largely consistent with radiative-convective equilibrium in most objects. We also determine the abundances of water, methane, and ammonia, as well as upper limits on the alkali metals sodium and potassium. The constraints on water and methane are consistent with predictions from chemical equilibrium models, while those of ammonia may be affected by vertical disequilibrium mixing, consistent with previous works. Our key result stems from the constraints on the alkali metal abundances where we find their continued depletion with decreasing effective temperature, consistent with the trend identified in a previous retrieval analysis on a sample of slightly warmer late T-dwarfs in Line et al. (2017). These constraints show that the previously observed Y–J color trend across the T/Y transition is most likely due to the depletion of these metals, in accordance with predictions from equilibrium condensate rainout chemistry. Finally, we simulate future James Webb Space Telescope observations of ultra-cool dwarfs and find that the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) PRISM offers the best chance at developing high-precision constraints on fundamental atmospheric characteristics.
Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. X. Optical Variability Characteristics
Authors: Lu Kai-Xing , Huang Ying-Ke , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Wang Kai , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Xiao Ming , Li Yan-Rong , Bai Jin-Ming , Bian Wei-Hao , Yuan Ye-Fei , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jian-Min ,   (SEAMBH collaboration)
Published: May 2019

We compiled a sample of 73 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with reverberation mapping (RM) observations from RM campaigns, including our ongoing campaign of monitoring super-Eddington accreting massive black holes (BHs). This sample covers a large range of BH mass

, dimensionless accretion rates

, and 5100 Å luminosity

, allowing us to systematically study the AGN variability and their relations with BH mass, accretion rates, and optical luminosity. We employed the damped random walk (DRW) model to delineate the optical variability of continuum at 5100 Å and obtained damped variability timescale (

) and amplitude (

) using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We also estimated the traditional variability amplitudes (

), which provide a model-independent measure and therefore are used to test the DRW results. We found that AGN variability characteristics are generally correlated with

. These correlations are smooth from sub-Eddington to super-Eddington accretion AGNs, probably implying that the AGN variability may be caused by the same physical mechanism.
A Mechanism for the Triple-ridge Emission Structure of AGN Jets
Authors: Ogihara Taiki , Takahashi Kazuya , Toma Kenji
Published: May 2019

Recent radio very long baseline interferometry observations of the relativistic jet in the M87 radio galaxy have shown a triple-ridge structure that consists of the conventional limb-brightened feature and a central narrow ridge. Motivated by these observations, we examine a steady axisymmetric force-free model of a jet driven by the central black hole (BH) with its electromagnetic structure being consistent with general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and find that it can produce triple-ridge images even if we assume a simple Gaussian distribution of emitting electrons at the base of the jet. We show that the fluid velocity field associated with the electromagnetic field produces the central ridge component due to the relativistic beaming effect, while the limb-brightened feature arises due to a strong magnetic field around the jet edge that also induces the electrons to be dense there. We also show that the computed image strongly depends on the electromagnetic field structure, viewing angle, and parameters related to the electrons’ spatial distribution at the jet base. This study will help constrain the non-thermal electron injection mechanism of BH jets and be complementary to theoretical analyses of the upcoming data of the Event Horizon Telescope.
Nesting in bark – the peculiar life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Osmia (Melanosmia) nigriventris (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
Authors: Müller Andreas , Prosi Rainer , Praz Christophe , Richter Henning
Published: May 2019

Osmia (Melanosmia) nigriventris (Zetterstedt) is a predominantly boreoalpine megachilid bee species, whose biology is poorly known due to its pronounced rarity all over Central Europe. The discovery of 19 nests in the Grisons and Valais (Switzerland) allowed for the investigation of its nesting biology and prompted the assessment of the species’ host-plant spectrum, phenology and distribution. All nests were in thick bark pieces of Larixdecidua, which lay in grassy vegetation on sun-exposed ground of open subalpine forests dominated by larch. The nests contained 1–26 brood cells constructed within one to several burrows tunneled out by the female bees with their specialized mandibles, which are distinctly stronger than those of related O. (Melanosmia) species known to nest in preexisting cavities or loose soil. The linearly arranged brood cells were separated from each other by three-layered partitions consisting of an interlayer of densely packed small bark particles sandwiched between two thin layers of chewed green leaves (“leaf pulp”). DNA metabarcoding of several nest plugs revealed that Potentilla (Rosaceae) and Helianthemum (Cistaceae) served as source of the leaf pulp. Anthraxanthrax (Bombyliidae) and Sapygasimilis (Sapygidae) parasitized the brood cells of O.nigriventris as shown by DNA barcoding of prepupae overwintering in the host’s nests. O.nigriventris is mesolectic and harvests pollen almost exclusively on Fabaceae (e.g. Lotus, Hippocrepis), Ericaceae (Rhododendron, Vaccinium) and Cistaceae (Helianthemum). Depending on the altitude, O.nigriventris emerges from the beginning of May to the first decade of June and thus qualifies as an early flying bee active in spring and early summer similar to the other European O. (Melanosmia) species. It likely needs two years for its development in the subalpine zone of the Alps and overwinters as prepupa in the first and probably as imago in the second winter. O.nigriventris has a Holarctic distribution, its disjunct Palaearctic range encompasses the boreal zone from Scandinavia eastwards to the Russian Far East, the Caucausus, the Alps as well as scattered locations at lower altitudes throughout Central Europe, where it is regarded as a glacial relict and has probably suffered strong declines during the last decades.
Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae)
Authors: Seraphim Gabriel , Giupponi Alessandro Ponce de Leão , Silva de Miranda Gustavo
Published: May 2019

The genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894 is poorly known regarding its systematics, natural history, and distribution, despite important taxonomic advances during the 1990s. Currently, only 13 species are known from East Asia, including areas in south China, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Taiwan. In this work, we describe and illustrate a new species of Typopeltis from Vietnam and provide a new description for the male of T.guangxiensis Haupt & Song, 1996. Additionally, we describe and illustrate the female gonopod of T.guangxiensis for the first time and propose a new homology hypothesis for the male gonopod parts. The male of T.laurentianussp. n. is characterized by the unique patellar apophysis that presents a smooth texture and no spines. Typopeltislaurentianussp. n. is the third species of this genus to be described from Vietnam.
Trade and Labor Market Dynamics: General Equilibrium Analysis of the China Trade Shock
Authors: Caliendo Lorenzo , Dvorkin Maximiliano , Parro Fernando
Published: May 2019

We develop a dynamic trade model with spatially distinct labor markets facing varying exposure to international trade. The model captures the role of labor mobility frictions, goods mobility frictions, geographic factors, and input‐output linkages in determining equilibrium allocations. We show how to solve the equilibrium of the model and take the model to the data without assuming that the economy is at a steady state and without estimating productivities, migration frictions, or trade costs, which can be difficult to identify. We calibrate the model to 22 sectors, 38 countries, and 50 U.S. states. We study how the rise in China's trade for the period 2000 to 2007 impacted U.S. households across more than a thousand U.S. labor markets distinguished by sector and state. We find that the China trade shock resulted in a reduction of about 0.55 million U.S. manufacturing jobs, about 16% of the observed decline in manufacturing employment from 2000 to 2007. The U.S. gains in the aggregate, but due to trade and migration frictions, the welfare and employment effects vary across U.S. labor markets. Estimated transition costs to the new long‐run equilibrium are also heterogeneous and reflect the importance of accounting for labor dynamics.
Using the parcel shape index to determine arable land division types
Authors: Foški Mojca
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a new index for determining the shape of land parcels. Parcel shapes are usually represented descriptively (i.e. ribbon-shaped, rectangular, irregularly shaped), which is useless for automated distinguishing between parcel shapes or for determining and distinguishing between the patterns formed by parcels. Thus, we developed a Parcel Shape Index (IOP) to describe parcel shape characteristics, and then tested it in the test area of Gorenje pri Divači to analyse selected fields – as irregular blocks, enclosures, continuous strips, and furlongs. We found that IOP allows for a differentiation of parcels according to their shape as well as parcel patterns formed due to the individual types of dividing arable land.
Spatial conflicts: Analyzing a burden created by differing land use
Authors: Cieślak Iwona
Published: May 2019

The article proposes a procedure for determining the location of potential spatial conflicts. The author presents issues concerning spatial conflicts which may arise as a result of different uses of spaces adjacent to each other. The proposed procedure has been tested on one of the districts of Poland’s Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship, namely Nidzicki District. In order to determine the use of the space, CLC databases made available by the Chief Environmental Protection Inspectorate were used. Based on them, the use of fragments of space, which were also differentiated due to their natural value, was determined. For the thus described space, a map of burden of potential spatial conflicts was compiled. The proposed method may be used as a tool supporting the processes of space planning and monitoring the environmental changes.