bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inteligência e cooperação na área de segurança pública na América, no começo do Século XXI
Authors: Brandão Priscila Carlos
Published: July 2023

A finalidade deste artigo é dupla: a) subsidiar o debate sobre o conceito e o escopo da atividade de inteligência orientada a apoiar o setor de segurança pública, pois contribui para a definição de quais mecanismos legais podem regular a atuação dos órgãos vinculados ao poder coercitivo, com capacidade de desempenhar tal atividade. Vivemos atualmente no país o imbróglio da existência de uma Força Tarefa de Inteligência para o combate ao crime organizado, composta pelas forças armadas (Decreto 9.527, de 15 de outubro de 2018), que não tem esses atributos como sua função constitucional; b) Avaliar o nível de cooperação internacional realizado no âmbito das Américas na virada do século XXI, na área de “inteligência de segurança”, com vistas a subsidiar operações policiais de alta complexidade. As décadas de 1990 e de 2000 foram atingidas pela mudança da agenda de segurança dos Estados Unidos pós-Guerra Fria, o que promoveu impactos diretos nas suas áreas de influência. Buscaremos compreender como o hemisfério americano se comportou em termos de cooperação na área de inteligência de segurança, considerando os novos desafios impostos pela agenda internacional. Partimos da premissa que a cooperação em inteligência de segurança é um componente fundamental para a viabilização de um desempenho eficaz na desarticulação das organizações criminosas, sobretudo aquelas vinculadas ao narcotráfico e terrorismo. Para realização desta tarefa, analisamos os principais acordos elaborados por mecanismos e instituições internacionais responsáveis por promover esta cooperação, a exemplo da Organização dos Estados Americanos e do Mercosul
A Tríplice Hélice israelense no cenário de cibersegurança
Authors: Batista Junior Eliezer de Souza , Nunes Frederico Emanuel Sousa , Yamashita Rôber
Published: July 2023

Conflitos envolvendo Israel têm sido constantes na história do país. O século XX consolidou suas fronteiras com guerras nas quais a superioridade qualitativa lhe foi favorável, mas que também geraram uma realidade de infindáveis hostilidades que ultrapassam seu entorno estratégico. A Tríplice Hélice israelense é composta por governo, indústria e academia com foco que prioriza ativos de conhecimento e inovação, incluindo a área de cibernética. Nesse sentido, os resultados indicam que a Tríplice Hélice tem participado do esforço de segurança cibernética do país, notadamente nesse início do século. A partir de 2009, houve aumento importante do número de ataques cibernéticos contra infraestruturas críticas israelenses, objeto de estudo deste trabalho. A metodologia de investigação é qualitativa com abordagem exploratória, utilizando-se revisões bibliográficas. Baseando-se no banco de dados do CSIS e Hackmagedon e de relatórios de antivírus, os resultados apontaram que Israel vem otimizando seus recursos na defesa dessas infraestruturas, superando tecnologicamente seus adversários. A Tríplice Hélice tem auxiliado no desenvolvimento dessas soluções em produtos e serviços de defesa para que o Estado faça frente ao cenário desafiador, cooperando para sistemas responsivos, resilientes e dinâmicos. Tal interação em prol da segurança cibernética nacional tem sido eficaz, na medida em que o Estado tem explorado favoravelmente a sinergia de esforços entre suas forças de defesa e a inovação tecnológica da BID e academia.
Imigrantes e soldados
Authors: D'Araujo Maria Celina
Published: July 2023

Resenha de: Grazia Scoppio e Sara Grego (Edit.) McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2022. The Power of Diversity in the Armed Forces: International Perspectives on Immigrants’ Participation in the Military
Caracterización y hallazgos asociados de vertebras transicionales de la columna lumbosacra por resonancia magnética de columna lumbar
Authors: Jiménez-De La O Edgar Ricardo , Morales-Sánchez Francisco Fernando , Zatarain-Bayliss Lucía , Rochín-Terán Juan Luis , Zavala-Castillo Juan Miguel , Gutiérrez-Grijalva Erick Paul , Avendaño-Félix Mariana , Moreno-Ortiz José Miguel , Verdugo-Rosas Abraham
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y caracterización de vertebras transicionales. Método: Análisis documental a través de un procesamiento analítico-sintético. --- Resultados: Actualmente la estimación de frecuencia de las vértebras transicionales lumbosacras es del 30% en la población en general, siendo estas más relevantes en las personas de edad joven los cuales pueden ser asintomáticos y debutar en edades tempranas con sintomatología clínicamente relevante principalmente la lumbalgia, por lo tanto se considera que es una variante anatómica relativamente común sin embargo es sobre estimada y puede tener significancia clínica en cuestión de la sintomatología y tratamiento quirúrgico si lo requiere, la cual puede ser la causa principal del cuadro clínico del paciente. --- Conclusiones: El método de imagen con mayor sensibilidad y especificidad es la resonancia magnética debido a que proporciona mejores aspectos anatómicos y determina si existen alteraciones más allá de la vértebra de transición como los cambios degenerativos sobre todo del nivel de transición ayudando a evitar que se produzca confusión al momento del diagnóstico o procedimiento terapéutico de la columna. Palabras clave: VTLS, vertebra, transicional, lumbar, RMN, lumbalgia
Avanzâde Mehmed Süleymân’ın Âyîne ile Keşf-i İstikbâl’i
Authors: KÜLTÜRAL Zuhal , SIBIÇ Burcu
Published: July 2023

İnsan, yaşamı boyunca etrafında gelişen olay ve olguları anlamlandırdığı gibi bilinmezleri de keşfetme arzusunda olmuştur. Kültür tarihine bakıldığında insanın bilinmeze olan yolculuğu çeşitli inanış ve ritüellerde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çoğu zaman evrende var olan her şeyi merak ve keşfetme arzusuyla farklı usul ve esaslar uygulayan insanoğlunun bu faaliyetleri zamanla büyücü, falcı, kâhin, sihirbaz gibi adlarla anılan kişiler tarafından bir meslek olarak icra edilmeye başlamıştır. Söz konusu kişiler çoğu zaman görünmez varlıklarla temasa geçerek insanın hâlihazırdaki yaşantısı ve geleceği ile ilgili çıkarımlarda bulunmuştur. Geleceği öğrenmek, şans ve kısmeti anlamak amacıyla çeşitli yöntemlere başvurularak anlam çıkarma faaliyeti olarak tanımlanan fal, tarihin çok eski dönemlerinden bu yana kültürden kültüre bazı değişiklikler göstererek günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Türlü araç ve teknikler kullanılarak el falı, kuş falı, ateş falı, su falı, ayna falı, çay falı, kahve falı, yıldız falı gibi pek çok fal türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Kaynaklardan edinilen bilgilere göre Türklerin de Müslüman olmadan önceki yaşamlarında falın önemli bir yeri olduğu bilinmektedir. Suya bakma, kurşun, kürek kemiği, kahve, bakla falları Türklerde yaygın olan fal türlerindendir. Türk kültür tarihine bakıldığında bu konuda çok sayıda eser yazıldığı dikkati çekmektedir. Bu eserlerden biri de Meşrutiyet Dönemi aydınlarından Avanzâde Mehmet Süleymân’ın kaleme aldığı Ulûm-ı Hafiyyeden Âyîne ile Keşf-i İstikbâl adlı eserdir. Bu çalışmada, Avanzâde Mehmed Süleymân’ın Âyîne ile Keşf-i İstikbâl adlı eseri konu edilecektir.
Mustafa Kutlu’nun gezi kitaplarına göre İstanbul’u
Authors: KOÇAK Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Türk edebiyatında edebi bir tür olarak gezi/seyahat yazıları, yazarının ziyaret ettiği, bulunduğu yerlerdeki özellikleri edebi bir üslupla yazıya aktarması bakımından son derece önemli metinlerdir. Gez yazıları, yazarın yaşadığı yerden şu ya da bu sebeple gittiği başka bir şehri, ülkeyi, kıtayı konu olabileceği gibi aynı şehrin içindeki bir seyahatini de ele alabilir. İstanbul, tarihi ve kültürel mirası ile gezi yazıları içinde önemli bir konumdadır. İstanbul konulu gezi yazıları ele alındığında Türk Edebiyatı’nın önemli hikâyecilerinden birisi olan Mustafa Kutlu’nun kaleme almış olduğu “İstanbul Gezi Yazıları -1- Topkapı’dan Topkapı’ya, İstanbul Gezi Yazıları -2- Haliç ile Çepeçevre İstanbul ve İstanbul Gezi Yazıları -3- Boğaziçi” başlıklı üç eseri, İstanbul’un tarihi ve kültürel yapısının incelenmesi açısından kaynak olabilecek niteliktedir. Yazar eserlerinde İstanbul’a geldiği tarihten itibaren gezdiği birbirinden farklı mekânları kendine has bir üslup ile tanıtmıştır. Eserlerde öne çıkan en belirgin özellik mekânların tasvirinin salt gözleme dayalı olmamasıdır. Gözlemlere yazarın perspektifinden yorumlar eşlik etmekte ve yer yer düşülen dipnotlarla okuyucunun mekânlar hakkında daha geniş bilgilere sahip olması sağlanmaktadır. Sade bir üslupla İstanbul yazılarını kaleme alan Kutlu, adeta okuyucuya metinler üzerinden canlı bir İstanbul seyahatine çıkartır. Bu çalışmada Mustafa Kutlu’nun bahsi geçen eserleri incelenmiş, gezilen mekânların tasnifi yapılarak hangi semtleri, hangi mekânları öne çıkarttığı tespit edilmiş ve gezi yazısı türü çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir.
Tenkitli Neşirden Popüler Neşre: Necâtî Bey Dîvânı’nın 1992 Baskısında Yer Alan Hatalar ve Bu Baskıdan Hareketle Yapılan Bazı Yanlış Değerlendirmeler
Authors: İLHAN Enes
Published: July 2023

Klasik Türk şiirinin kurucu şairlerinden olan Necâtî Bey, özgün üslubu ile kendisinden sonra gelen pek çok şaire örnek olmuştur. Dîvân’ını hayatının son devrelerinde tertip etmesinden ve kâtipler/ müstensihler ile ilgili yazdığı olumsuz şiirlerden Necâtî Bey’in, şiirlerinin yanlış nakledilmesi endişesi taşıdığı söylenebilir. Müstensihlerin kopyalama esnasında yaptıkları hatalar ve gerçekleştirdikleri bazı tasarruflar şairin bu endişesinde haksız olmadığının göstergesidir. Benzer bir durum günümüzün kâtipleri/ müstensihleri hüviyetindeki yayınevleri için de zikredilebilir. Zira yayınevleri, gelişen basım ve yayın imkânlarına rağmen baskı hatalarında bulunabilmektedir. Ali Nihat Tarlan tarafından 1963 yılında hazırlanan Necâtî Bey Dîvânı’nın, transkripsiyonsuz hali ile 1992 yılında yapılan popüler neşri bu hususa örnek teşkil etmektedir. Mısra, kelime ve ek düzeyinde değişiklikler, beyit atlamaya ve Arapça ifadelerin alelade aktarımına varan özensiz tutumlar neşirde tespit edilen hatalardandır. Ayrıca baskıda yer alan yanlış aktarımlar sonucu bazı araştırmacılar Necâtî Bey’in şiiri ile ilgili bazı hatalı saptamalarda bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda Necâtî Bey Dîvânı’nın 1992 baskısında yer alan hatalar ortaya konmuş ve bu hatalardan kaynaklı yanlış değerlendirmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Büyük emeklerle ortaya çıkan tenkitli metin çalışmalarının yayınevleri aracılığıyla tahribatlara uğrayabileceği belirtilmiştir. Aynı yayınevi tarafından 1992 yılında bir dizi halinde çıkarılan popüler metin neşirlerine dikkatle yaklaşılması gereği vurgulanmıştır. Böylece tenkitli metin neşirlerinde olduğu gibi popüler metin neşirlerinde de, bir metodoloji zemininin oluşması lüzumu ortaya konmuştur.
A review of actor-oriented capitals and investments in the field of interpreting in Türkiye
Authors: SEYFİOĞLU Zeynep Melissa , TEMUÇİN Dilruba
Published: July 2023

This study aims to reveal the significance of the habitus and capitals of interpreters in Türkiye and the investments made to acquire such capital, and by employing a descriptive approach through the framework of Bourdieu's Field Theory and Latour's Actor-Network Theory (ANT) (1999). Within the scope of our study, Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and capital have been used to discuss the position of interpreters in the field in Türkiye. Using a historical perspective, we will discuss the “actants” i.e. human and non-human actors that have played an influential role since the emergence of the profession in Türkiye. According to the ANT, it could be concluded that in Türkiye, these actors may consist not only of individuals but also of agents such as organizations such as TKTD and Türkiye AIIC VEGA, remote working conditions that have become widespread with Covid-19, and volunteering movements that emerged after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. During the research process of this study, sources such as interviews, webinars held on virtual platforms, newspaper clippings, the online archives of TKTD, and memories shared in books, theses and books on the history of translation and interpreting have been explored. Following our research, it has been determined the first interpreters in Türkiye acquired similar capitals and habituses, whereas present interpreters that accumulate different types of capitals depending on current circumstances and needs such as use of technology and first aid knowledge for community interpreting. Our study shows that the valued capitals play a key role in determining the position of actants in academia and the interpreting sector, resulting in a new dynamic between actants with the network.
EFL learners’ willingness to communicate in speaking activities in online and face-to-face English lessons in Turkish context
Authors: BOZCA Melike , KOBAN KOÇ Didem
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the participants’ general willingness to communicate (WTC) levels in communicative pair or small group activities in English lessons which were taught via different mediums like face-to-face or online (during the COVID-19 pandemic). In order to address this aim, a quantitative research method was adopted in the study. A total of 88 students enrolled at the School of Foreign Languages of Izmir Institute of Technology participated in the study. The quantitative data were gathered from the participants through a questionnaire (WTC in English scale, by Peng & Woodrow, 2010). The results showed that all the participants had a moderate level of WTC in English. The study provides several recommendations for researchers, institutions and language teachers.
Japonca ve Türkçe yansıma ikilemelerin fonosemantik açıdan karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Cahit , ÖZKAN AKDAĞ Ayşe
Published: July 2023

Dilin betimleme gücünü ortaya koyan yansıma kelimeler, doğadaki sesleri taklit ederek ve dile yansıtarak oluşmuş sözcüklerdir. Yansıma ikilemeler ise yansıma kelimelerle kurulan; süreklilik, pekiştirme, ahenk katma, ses ve söz benzerliği sağlayarak doğal sese daha çok yaklaşma, iki kelimeyle bir kavramı adlandırma, ortak yeni bir anlam elde etme görevleriyle anlama dahil olan ikilemelerdir. Yansıma kelimelerle kurulan ikilemelerde, kelime grubunda yer alan sözcükleri oluşturan sesler, ses düzeni ve anlam arasındaki ilişki nedenli ve dereceli bir nitelik göstermektedir. Bu tür kelime birliklerinde seslerin farklı dereceleri, ögelerdeki ünlü/ünsüz değişimi veya birtakım eklerle genişletilerek gösterilir. Ses ve anlam arasında fonosemantik açıdan nedenli bir ilişki olup-olmadığı bugüne değin başta dilbilimciler olmak üzere pek çok araştırmacı tarafından tartışılmıştır. Bugün bu konudaki tartışmalar halâ devam etse de yansıma sözcükler ve anlam arasındaki ilişki çoğu araştırmacı tarafından kabul görmüştür. Çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi ve Japonca, bünyelerinde yansıma kelime ve yansıma ikileme barındıran ve bu tür kelime örnekleri bakımından zengin içeriğe sahip iki dildir; bu iki dilde yer alan yansıma ikilemeler, benzer bazı özellikleriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi ve çağdaş Japoncadan yansıma ikilemeler derlenerek bu alandaki dil malzemesinin ortaya konması; derlenen örneklerin fonosemantik açıdan karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ve benzer/farklı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ile karşılaştırmalı dil çalışmalarına katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Mihail Kuzmin’in İlkbahar Tacı Adlı Gazelinde Doğu Motifleri
Authors: ILICA Sevgi
Published: July 2023

XIX. yüzyılın sonu ile XX. yüzyılın başı arasındaki geçiş süreci özel bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde Rus sanatçı, yazar ve şairlerin Avrupa’dan farklı kültürlere ilgi duymaya başladıkları ve özellikle Doğu’ya yöneldikleri görülür. Rus edebiyatında Doğu’ya ait kültür ve değerlerin etkisini yansıtan eserleriyle ön plana çıkan isimler arasında, Gümüş Çağ Rus edebiyatının en önemli temsilcilerinden şair Mihail Alekseyeviç Kuzmin (1872-1936) yer alır. Kuzmin, 1908 yılına ait İlkbahar Tacı (Венок весен) adlı eserini, Orta Asya ve İran edebiyatından köken alan, Arap edebiyatı ve daha sonra Osmanlı edebiyatında önemli bir yeri olan gazel türünde kaleme alır. Şair, bahsi geçen eserinde Doğu motiflerini kullanarak şiirine derinlik ve zenginlik katar. Eser, baharın gelişini ve yaşamın yenilenmesini, Doğu geleneklerinden alınan imge ve metaforlar kullanarak tasvir eder. Kuzmin eserinde sevgili, aşk, doğa, Allah, kader, ibadet, güzellik, eğlence, haz, şarap, ölüm ve ayrılık gibi çok çeşitli konulara başvurur. Kuzmin’in şiirindeki Doğu motifleri, şairin Doğu’nun zengin kültürel geleneğine olan ilgisini ve takdirini gösterir. İlkbahar Tacı kültürel farklılıklara köprü oluşturma, ortak deneyimler ve değerler aracılığıyla insanları bir araya getirme gücüne dair örnek bir eserdir. Çalışmada Divan edebiyatının en sık başvurulan nazım türlerinden olan gazelin özellikleri genel hatlarıyla aktarılırmıştır. Yazıda, Kuzmin’in bahsi geçen eserindeki Doğu motiflerinin incelenmesini amaçlanmıştır. İnceleme metne bağlı karşılaştırmalı yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlkbahar Tacı’nda Doğu inanç, kültür ve sanatını simgeleyen egzotik motiflerin kullanımı, Gümüş Çağ Rus edebiyatının Doğu’ya olan yaklaşımını ve ilgisini belirgin bir şekilde gözler önüne serer.
Eski edebi Slav dilinin (Kilise Slavcasının) ölçünlü Bulgarca ve Rusça ile karşılaştırılmasına yönelik sözcükİstatiksel bir yaklaşım
Authors: ŞAFAK Zehra , ŞAFAK Talat
Published: July 2023

Bilimsel kaynaklara göre kökenleri Türk olan Bulgarlar zaman içerisinde Türklüklerini yitirerek Slavlaştılar. Başlangıçta yazı dili için kilise ve manastırlarda Yunan alfabesini, daha sonra ise Glagolitik alfabe ve Kiril alfabesini kullandılar. Kiril alfabesi Bulgar topraklarında geliştirilen bir alfabedir. Ruslar ve Bulgarlar Vladimir (980-1015) döneminden itibaren aynı alfabeyle okuyup yazmaya başladılar. Kiril alfabesi ortaya çıkmadan önce Bulgar topraklarında ortak yaşam alanlarının paylaşılması, karışık evlilikler, ortak düşmana (Bizans’a) karşı mücadele birçok ortak kelimenin kullanımına da neden oldu. Bulgar topraklarının dışında da Bulgarlarla Slavlarla birlikte uzun süre aynı coğrafyaları paylaştılar. Paylaştıkları bu coğrafyalarda ticari, dinsel, dilsel, kültürel temas olağan bir durumdu. Slavlar daha sonra birçok başka devletin temelini attılar. Örneğin Slavların kurduğu Kiev Rusya’sı ilk Rus devletidir. Bulgarlarla Rusların teması bu devlet kurulduktan sonra diğer Rus devletleri ve Sovyetler Birliği dönemlerinde de edebiyat, bilim, kültür, siyaset, ekonomi ve askeri alanlarda işlevsel olmaya devam etti. Bulgarların ve Rusların 9. yüzyıldan itibaren 17. yüzyıla kadar kullandıkları yazı dili için Eski Slavca, Eski Edebi Slavca, Edebi Bulgarca veya Kilise Slavcası terimleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada 9-11. yüzyılları arasında Zograf İncili (Зографско Евангелие), Marinsko İncili (Марийнско Евангелие), Aseman İncili (Асеманово Евангелие), Sava Kitabı (Савина Книга), Eski Bulgarca Sözlüğü (СтаробългарскиРечник) gibi eserlerden derlenen eski Slavca kelimeler günümüz ölçünlü Bulgarca ve Rusçada mevcut olup olmadıkları incelenmiştir. Dil ilişkileri bağlamında temas şeklindeki dillerin yapısal olarak benzerlikleri ve farklılıklarını değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak mümkündür. Çalışmayla amacımız seçilen bu kelimelere göre Bulgarcanın mı yoksa Rusçanın mı Eski Slavcadan sözcükbilimsel olarak daha fazla uzaklaştığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada yukarıda adı geçen metinlerdeki özellikle akraba isimleri, hayvan adları, renkler, ikamet yeriyle ilgili kelimeler, bitki adları, sayılar, hava olayları ile ilgili kelimeler karşılaştırma yapmak için seçilmiştir. Ayrıca glottokronoloji bağlamında da ölçünlü Rusçayla Bulgarca karşılaştırılmıştır.
Introducción al Simposio
Authors: Celis López Alfredo
Published: July 2023

La salud sexual y reproductiva, definida como el estado físico, mentaly social relacionado con la sexualidad y la capacidad reproductiva delas personas, involucra diversos aspectos y procedimientos, algunosde ellos controversiales y que plantean dilemas éticos con relación alo que se considera moralmente correcto. La bioética es una disciplinaque se ocupa de examinar los dilemas éticos que surgen en el ámbitode la salud y la biología. En el contexto de la salud sexual y reproductivadesempeña un papel crucial al abordar la reproducción, el control de lafertilidad, la salud sexual y otros temas relacionados.
Empowerment of Housewives Groups in Fulfilling Family Nutrition Through the Formation of Bekam Family (Quality, Creative and Independent) in Kecamatan Biru-Biru
Authors: Siregar Cholina Trisa , Lufthiani  , Chahaya Indra , Nasution Siti Zahara
Published: July 2023

Mothers have a role as caregivers for their children, this role will affect the growth and development of children. The role of mothers in providing nutritious food to children is influenced by many factors, one of which is the mother's knowledge and ability to manage simple foods that have high nutritional value. This community service activity was carried out in the Hamlet VII Mekar Sari, Deli Tua Village, Biru-biru District in 2021. The service participants were housewives who had 49 school-age children. Activities carried out include counseling on nutrition for school-age children, training in making simple foods with high nutritional value, interactive games and competitions to serve simple foods with high nutritional value. The results of the service activities obtained data on maternal knowledge before being given counseling and education in the good category of 36.7% (19 people) after being given action by 100% (49 people) knowing the nutrition of school-age children. The ability of the mother before being given the action was in good category 37.2% (18 people) and after being given the action 98% (48 people). A mother's ability to provide simple food with high nutritional value is influenced by a mother's level of knowledge. A good level of knowledge and supported by the participation of health workers in helping families, especially mothers, can reduce the occurrence of malnutrition in school-age children.
Empowerment of Youth Organization Through Sublimation Screen Printing Training and Product Marketing Strategies in Bahorok District, Langkat Regency
Authors: Marpaung Nicholas , Siregar Onan M
Published: July 2023

The government shows its seriousness in developing the creative economy sector to support the economy. Fashion as a part of the creative economy today can not only be worked on by people who live in urban areas but also people who live in villages, especially with the even distribution and growth of information technology in the country. People who live in the village do not always have to be farmers or workers in the agrarian sector, but also have to have job options that can be a lifestyle to continue to show their existence even though they are from the village, especially young people who choose to stay in the village. Through this service, we will provide screen printing and digital printing training, as well as provide all information about the potential and opportunities of this kind of business to young people in Bahorok Village, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency. By understanding printing techniques digitally, it is hoped that it will be able to facilitate printing in larger quantities, and of course will provide better economic benefits as well. We will also involve speakers and business actors who have succeeded in this screen printing business so that participants can directly deal with business actors and get more in-depth experience and training. In the future, further service is needed which will be focused on better marketing strategies to continue to support this sustainable and effective service activity.
The Effect of Operating Parameters on Total Cross-membrane Flux in a PVDF Flat Sheet Membrane
Authors: Bekraoui Hafsa , Nehari Driss , Baki Touhami , Bousmaha Mouad
Published: July 2023

Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging thermal membrane technology that involves water vapor driven by a vapor pressure gradient over a hydrophobic membrane. MD faces several challenges, one of which is the flux of water vapor. The total cross-membrane flux in membrane distillation was investigated in this paper using the co-current PVDF flat sheet for direct contact. membrane distillation applications. The goal of this research is to improve total cross-membrane flux. The effect of various operational parameters is studied, including feed inlet temperature (333.15–358.15 K), feed flow rate (1–2.5 kg/s), permeate inlet temperature (288.15–313.15 K), and feed inlet NaCl concentration (0.035 to 0.485 kg/kg). To acquire a good value of total cross-membrane flux, their interactions with the total cross-membrane flux are studied in this work. The obtained results were computed during MATLAB-Simulations under several scenarios adopting the Trial-&-Error approach. This last inputs various parameters' values and thus draws the required curves to be discussed and analyzed. The results indicated that the PVDF flat sheet membranes provide a significantly higher total cross-membrane flux at higher feed input temperatures, producing a 73.2075 kg/(m2 h) at a feed inlet temperature of 358.15 K, a permeate inlet temperature of 293.15 K, and a flow rate of 2.5 kg/s, with a feed inlet NaCl concentration of 0.035 kg/kg. Feed inlet temperature significantly affected the total flux through the membrane; however, flow rate, permeate inlet temperature, and feed inlet NaCl concentration had a less significant effect.
Retain or Reduce? Delisting Decisions in Relation to Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships in Grocery Store Retailing
Authors: Kelemen-Erdős Anikó , Mitev Ariel , Szakály Zoltán
Published: July 2023

Retail assortment optimisation plays a significant role in the success and competitive advantage of retailing, contributing to companies' market differentiation, compatibility, and profitability. This study applies transaction cost theory, related opportunism, and bounded reliability as theoretical frameworks. The aim is to analyse assortment optimisation, especially selection-reduction decisions, in relation to the manufacturer-retailer relationship in grocery store retailing. Primary quantitative research in the form of a personal survey method about the delisting decisions of 215 grocery retail executives was implemented and analysed by applying partial least squares variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that the reason for selection reduction is often the bounded reliability of manufacturers, as this may lead to excessively high supplier prices and logistical problems. These factors result in low retail margins, justifying assortment-reduction-related decisions. However, manufacturers believe that a lack of marketing support has no impact on low retail margins and, thus, also on assortment reduction decisions.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TYPHIDOT TEST IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ENTERIC FEVER IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Amir Muhammad  , Khwaja Kamran  , Bakht Biland  , Mian Sarfraz Gul  , Shireen Anwar
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of typhidot test against the gold standard blood culture in the children with enteric fever.Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional validation study was conducted on 111 children having age range of 2-16 years with documented fever of equal or greater than 380C for 1 week or more were included.All patients were evaluated for enteric fever by clinical signs & symptoms and laboratory investigations. Typhidot test, blood culture and sensitivity, full blood count, malarial parasite test, liver functional test, urine examination was done. The specifi city, Sensitivity, negative predictive value and positive predictive values along with diagnostic accuracy were calculated in SPSS v.22 and Medcalc software.Results: The mean age was 8.02±3.357 years. Of total45(40.5%) were males while 66(59.5%) were female. There was no significant diff erence between typhidot and blood culture in diagnosis of enteric fever (p=0.877). The true positives were 50 (72.5%) and true negatives were 11(26.2%).The sensitivity of typhidot was 72.46% and specifi city was 26.19%. The diagnostic accuracy was 54.95%. Conclusion: Overall specificity and sensitivity of typhidottest is low.
ANALISIS LIMBAH AMPAS SAGU SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKAR BIOETANOL
Authors: Numberi Johni Jonatan
Published: July 2023

Pertumbuhan infrastruktur, khususnya di sektor energi, semakin cepat setiap hari. Hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan kebutuhan tersebut semakin meningkat dari hari ke hari. Ironisnya, berbanding terbalik dengan pasokan energi yang tersedia di Indonesia. Masih banyak kota terutama di Indonesia bagian timur yang masih belum teraliri listrik. Salah satu bahan bakar masih menjadi kendala terbesar bagi wilayah timur, dan di wilayah timur khususnya di wilayah Papua, sumber energi alternatif yang terdapat pada fasilitas merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang dapat digunakan. Namun penggunaannya di wilayah Papua masih belum optimal digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi bioetanol berbahan ampas sagu yang dapat dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar untuk mengatasi kekurangan dan kelangkaan bahan bakar di daerah terpencil serta sulitnya ketersediaan bahan bakar untuk distribusi pertamina. Metode penelitian laboratorium menggunakan metode close analysis and photo measurement (SEMEDAX), uji LHV dan viskositas bahan bakar bioetanol. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai karbon (CK) adalah 76%, sekitar 82,4%, kandungan karbohidrat dapat diolah dengan sangat baik sebagai bahan bakar bioetanol. Analisis karakteristik meliputi viskositas 1,03 (cp), densitas 0,82 (g/L), kromatografi gas 61,04%, nilai kalor rendah 80% = 16.166 MJ/kg dan laju pelepasan panas 140 kW/m2. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa bioetanol 80% dari ampas sagu sangat bermanfaat sebagai sumber bahan bakar rumah tangga. Kontribusi penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan salah satu permasalahan terkait kebutuhan energi rumah tangga Papua di daerah terpencil.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Bumbu Kuning dan Lama Pengeringan Terhadap Kualitas Fillet Ikan Nila
Authors: Oktaviani Yulia , Winarti Sri
Published: July 2023

Ikan nila merupakan sumber protein hewani yang mudah mengalami kerusakan. Oleh sebab itu perlu upaya pengolahan, salah satunya dengan menjadikan fillet ikan yang diberi bumbu kuning lalu dikeringkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi bumbu kuning dan lama pengeringan terhadap kualitas fillet ikan nila. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan menggunakan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi bumbu kuning (50%, 60%, 70%) dan lama pengeringan (5 jam, 6 jam, 7 jam), dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Uji DMRT digunakan untuk menguji perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata. Parameter yang diukur meliputi aktivitas air (Aw), kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar air, total mikroba dan uji organoleptik (warna dan aroma) menggunakan metode skoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi bumbu kuning 70% dan lama pengeringan 7 jam menghasilkan fillet ikan nila bumbu kuning dengan kualitas aktivitas air (Aw) 0,836, kadar air 53,843%, kadar protein 32,873%, kadar lemak 4,249% dan total mikroba 5,145 log CFU/gr.
Cerebrovascular reserve in moyamoya disease: relation to cerebral blood flow, capillary dysfunction, oxygenation, and energy metabolism
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Fahlström Markus , Wikström Johan , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per
Published: July 2023

Background

Cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya disease (MMD) is complex and needs further elucidation. The primary aim of the study was to determine the association of the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) with cerebral blood flow (CBF) disturbances, oxygen extraction fraction (OEFmax), and energy metabolism (CMRO2max) in MMD, using arterial spin label magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) before and after acetazolamide administration.

Methods

Thirty-nine ASL-MRI scans with a concurrent acetazolamide challenge from 16 MMD patients at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 2016–2021, were retrospectively analyzed. CBF was assessed before and 5, 15, and 25 min after acetazolamide administration, and the maximal response CVRmax was used for further analyses. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI was performed 30 min after acetazolamide injection, and the data were analyzed using the Cercare Medical Neurosuite to assess capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTTH; indicating microvascular function), OEFmax, and CMRO2max.

Results

In the ACA territory, a lower CVRmax was associated with lower baseline CBF, higher CTTH, and higher OEFmax but not with CMRO2max in generalized estimating equation models. In the MCA territory, lower CVRmax was associated with lower baseline CBF and higher CMRO2max but not with CTTH and OEFmax..

Conclusion

Altogether, a compromised CVR in MMD patients reflected disturbances in macro-/microvascular blood flow, oxygenation, and CMRO2. ASL-MRI with acetazolamide challenge is a feasible and radiation-free alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in MMD.
Effects of gatekeeper trainings from the Austrian national suicide prevention program
Authors: Plöderl Martin , Fartacek Clemens , Kapitany Thomas , Schrittwieser Ulrike , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: July 2023

Background

The development and implementation of gatekeeper trainings were first goals in the national suicide prevention strategy “Suicide Prevention Austria” (SUPRA). The current study aims to assess the short- and longer-term effects of the SUPRA gatekeeper trainings in comparison with established gatekeeper trainings.

Methods

We evaluated 28 gatekeeper trainings including 427 participants by assessing improvement of knowledge (facts about suicide and suicide prevention), gatekeeper self-efficacy and attitudes, and gatekeeper behavior (e.g., asking depressed people about suicide). Assessments were immediately before and after the gatekeeper trainings, with an additional follow-up 6 months later. Effects were compared with benchmark effects of established gatekeeper trainings.

Results

There were substantial improvements in knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes immediately after the training, comparable or larger than known from evaluations of established gatekeeper trainings. Most of these changes were upheld in the follow-up assessment, with effects comparable to other gatekeeper trainings. There was only a small increase of self-reported gatekeeper behavior, in line with results from other gatekeeper trainings.

Conclusion

The SUPRA gatekeeper training had some beneficial effects in the short- and longterm, with effect sizes comparable to established gatekeeper trainings.
Understanding Arable Land Change Patterns and Driving Forces in Major Grain-Producing Areas: A Case Study of Sichuan Province Using the PLUS Model
Authors: Zhang Dong , Dong Huan
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics and driving factors of cropland change in Sichuan Province. This study summarizes the current status of coordination among croplands, ecosystem protection, and urban expansion in the region and provides suggestions for the rational use and conservation of arable land resources. The research methods include ArcGis spatial analysis and the PLUS model. The results show that: (1) The cropland area in Sichuan Province has been continuously decreasing over the past 21 years, but arable land protection policies have effectively mitigated this situation. (2) With the exception of Chengdu, the reduction of arable land in each city in Sichuan province has gradually balanced out, safeguarding the development of major and lagging cities. (3) “Dual suitability” refers to the conflict between urban development and planting. Moreover, due to the Matthew effect, urban development further promoted the expansion of construction lands, leaving croplands in a weak position in the competition with construction lands. (4) Sichuan Province showed the characteristics of alternating leadership between urbanization of land and population urbanization during the process of urban development occupying cropland. In conclusion, the decreasing trend of croplands in Sichuan Province has gradually improved, and the coordination between cropland, ecosystem, and urban space has been achieved.
Barriers to Utilization of Municipal Biomass Residues for Bioenergy
Authors: Fratanduono Megan , Steelman Toddi , Peterson Nils , McHale Melissa , Fratanduono D. E.
Published: July 2023

Municipal biomass residues (MBR) are plentiful in the southeastern U.S. Despite favorable economic and policy contexts, few cities generate bioenergy from MBR. We hypothesized that the perspectives of the actors managing MBR have hindered implementation. We conducted interviews among stakeholders in Wake County, NC to investigate MBR use. Barriers that prevented stakeholders from adopting MBR to energy programs included lack of economic incentives for key practices, lack of credible enforcement for MBR use regulations, and poor communication. We discuss opportunities for Extension specialists to facilitate stakeholder interactions related to MBR utilization and bioenergy.
The Key Contents of the KMA's Code of Medical Ethics and Proposals for Its Implementation
Authors: KOO Young-Mo
Published: July 2023

Although the Korean Medical Association(KMA)'s Code of Medical Ethics, officially announced in November, 2001, has not yet been widely used among the Korean physicians in everyday practice, this comprehensive normative document, consisting of 6 chapters, 78 articles and 193 clauses, marks a significant progress in the Korean medical professional ethics. This paper presents some key contents of the document, in comparison with the American Medical Association(AMA)'s equivalent, AMA's Code of Medical Ethics 2002-2003 edition.
This paper shows that there are striking resemblances in contents between these two documents. Some of such topics include substance abuse(8.15), nonscientific practitioners(3.01), sexual misconduct in the practice of medicine(8.14), records of physicians(7.02), neglect of patient(8.11), patient information(8.12), substitution of surgeon without patient's knowledge or consent(8.16), and various issues in confidentiality : care for minors(5.055); attorney-physician relation(5.06); computers(5.07); insurance company representative(5.08); and industry-employed physicians and independent medical examiners(5.09). Other similarities can also be found in opinions on social policy issues, such as allocation of limited medical resources(2.03), futile care(2.035), clinical investigation(2.07), financial incentives for organ donation(2.15), withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatment(2.20), physician-assisted suicide(2.211), and HIV testing(2.23).
This paper then articulates four articles of the KMA's Code of Medical Ethics which differ from the existing Korean laws, and draws a table to make a contrast.
This paper concludes with a few suggestions to make the implementation of the KMA's Code of Medical Ethics soft and easy. First, the KMA's Central Ethics Council should play a key role to create favorable environment. Second, the Ethics Committee of each organization should recruit active and independent members. Third, an educational program should be developed, in which the KMA's Code of Medical Ethics is to be used as a teaching material for continuing medical education(CME). Fourth, a task-force team is proposed to form in order to keep the content of the document updated on a regular basis.
Maintaining Professional Dignity in the Age of Social Media
Authors: KIM Claire Junga , BHAN Yoo Wha
Published: July 2023

Although the use of social media by doctors raises important issues concerning medical professionalism, the relevant professional bodies in South Korea have failed to issue clear guidelines on social media usage. The Korean Medical Association’s newly revised ethics guidelines do require members to maintain dignity while using social media, but the idea of “maintaining dignity” is far from clear, and its premodern connotation prevents it from being reliably used in professional codes of conduct. The authors of this article examine the concept of maintaining dignity and conclude that once it is clarified and redefined it can and should be used as a viable ethical standard in a variety of contexts, including the use of social media. Social media’s unpredictability and uncontrollability, and the blurred distinction between professional/public and personal/private can be a threat to medical professionalism. In order to deal with this threat, the concept of dignity is important. We present three examples in which the dignity of medical professionals is under- mined and explain why these jeopardize public trust. We conclude that in order to maintain public trust the Korean Medical Association should provide more detailed guidelines on the use of social media by its members.
Effect of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Squash Yields, Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties
Authors: Khazaleh Hasan , Abu-Awwad Ahmad , AlQinna Mohammed
Published: July 2023

n this study, the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) on soil chemical, microbiological, and yield of squash were investigated. Squash seedlings (Cucurbita pepo) were irrigated using conventional irrigation water (CIW), treated wastewater (TWW), and blended irrigation water (BIW). The drip irrigation system was used to irrigate Squash with CIW, TWW, and BIW. The concentration of all chemical and microbial irrigation water characteristics was falling within the limits of Jordanian standards (JS893/2021), except for turbidity and boron. Pathogens indicators such as Salmonella, and Helminth eggs were not found in TWW. TWW-irrigated plots had significant differences in electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contents increased significantly within TWW-irrigated plots. Squash’s fresh yield weight irrigated with TWW showed no significant difference compared with CIW. TWW and BIW treatments had a tendency toward lower fruit numbers than CIW. E. coli was not significantly different on the surface of squash fruits, while Total coliform increased significantly for fruits within the TWW-irrigated plots.
Concentric Nano Elliptical Apertures Array Tip for Intensity Enhancement in Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy for Imaging
Authors: Zare Andalani Amirsaman , Moayedi Naghmeh Sadat , Granpayeh Nosrat
Published: July 2023

One of the advantages of light controlling is the enhancement of its intensity in localization of the beam in the near- and far-fields. Our desire is to design a concentric nano elliptical apertures array tip (CNEAAT) for this purpose. The array tip manipulates the incident light by the nano elliptical apertures with sizes smaller than half-wavelength of the incident photons over the visible spectral range. The designed array tip generates the beam with the improved optical characteristics for maximum intensity enhancement at a special direction of far-field points. The light is steered to examine the output beam of the CNEAAT at various elevation angles in the near-field. For a special scanned impinged angle, the CNEAAT irradiation is focused on an assigned material under-test (MUT) for study of the beam enhancement. The MUT is inserted inside a cylindrical reservoir. The reservoir is inscribed by wall with n=1 and height of 40μm, includes the cross-section radius of 138nm and a metal bottom. In our design, the MUT is assumed to have real permittivity, as a sample to test the intensity enhancement of the impinged and transmission beams. The intensity enhancement obtained by the CNEAAT is anticipated comparable with the standardized apertures arrays. The design is found to be used in the numerous applications analogous to scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) for imaging.  
Challenges Encountered by ESL Students in The Development of Communicative Competence Skills in Lesotho
Authors: Nkhi Sekoai Elliot , Lebona Thapelo Vincent
Published: July 2023

This study explored the challenges that undergraduate tertiary students encounter in the development of communicative competence skills in three selected tertiary institutions in Lesotho. Adopting the qualitative approach, the study employed a case study design for data collection strategies which included face-to-face interviews with lecturers (n=11), focus group discussions with students (n=100) as well as classroom observations (n=2). The findings from face-to-face interviews revealed that traditional methodologies which are mostly employed in the language classrooms because of large classrooms do not enhance students’ communicative competence. Furthermore, the findings from focus group discussions showed lack of motivation to learn English language and the anxiety caused by the fear to speak the target language. Further noted from the observations is that lack of language exposure due to scarcity of interactive activities in the classrooms may further render students communicatively incompetent. On these premises, the study thus recommends that students should be exposed to language through activities that encourage interaction. Also recommended is that lecturers should balance fluency and accuracy activities so as to improve students’ discourse, linguistic, interactional as well as strategic competencies.
Autonomic nerve and its modulation approaches for heart failure
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Zhu Yanfang , Chen Siyu , Deng Keqiong , Zheng Meng , Zeng Ziyue , Wang Qiongxin , Cai Huanhuan , Lu Zhibing
Published: July 2023

Heart failure, a condition that arises from numerous cardiovascular disorders, is a primary contributor to mortality related to cardiovascular disease. Typically noticed in heart failure is heightened sympathetic activity coupled with diminished parasympathetic activity. The autonomic nervous system governs the heart’s neurological regulation through opposing functions of its sympathetic and parasympathetic components, which regulate conduction velocity, heart rate, coronary blood flow, and contractile force. Promising treatments for heart failure include inhibiting the sympathetic nerve’s overactivity and restoring parasympathetic activity in the heart. In this review, we describe neural modulation approaches that have potential to assist in the management of heart failure.
VIDEOLAPAROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTIC INTERVENTIONS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH URGENT SURGICAL ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGY
Authors: Kapshitar O. V. , Kapshitar O. O. , Bachurin A. V.
Published: July 2023

Summary. The purpose of the study: to study the possibilities of video laparoscopy (VLS) in the diagnosis of urgent abdominal surgical pathology and to optimize surgical tactics.

Material and methods. VLS was performed in 55 patients with urgent abdominal surgical pathology with an unclear diagnosis, accounting for 7 % of all operated patients.

The results. Established nosological forms of urgent abdominal surgical pathology, complicated in 87.3 % of patients (peritonitis, infiltrate, abscess, obstruction, hemoperitoneum). Optimized surgical tactics by dividing patients into 2 groups. Group A — 58.2 % of patients preferred and performed various video laparoscopic operations (VLSO) without complications. 6.2 % of patients died. Group B included 41.8 % of patients who underwent conversion due to the impossibility of completing VLSO due to pathomorphological reasons (severe purulent processes with purulent complications, long-standing intestinal obstruction, the need for naso-intestinal incubation of the small intestine). Complications occurred in 30.4 % of patients. 8.7 % of patients died.

Conclusions. Accurate VLS diagnosis of urgent abdominal surgical pathology made it possible to optimize surgical tactics and establish the advantages of low-traumatic VLSO over traditional ones.