bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH WAKTU PROSES DEASETILASI KITIN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) TERHADAP DERAJAT DEASETILASI
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Ridhay Ahmad , Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Research on the effect of chitin deacetylation processing times from shells of snails on the degree of deacetylation has conducted with a variations of 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes and 150 minutes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of times improvement in the chitin deacetylation process of the degree of deacetylation. The degree of deacetylation is determined using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show the degree of deacetylation increases with the length of time the process of deacetylation that is 60 minutes to produce the degree of deacetylation of 55.6%, a degree of deacetylation of 90 minutes produces 62.4%, 120 minutes produces 70.3% degree of deacetylation, and time 150 minutes to produce the degree of deacetylation of 84.3%. So that, the length of time spent on the process of deacetylation of chitin from a snail shells, can increase the degree of deacetylation. Keywords: Snail Shells, Times, Degree of Deacetylation, Chitin, Chitosan
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI GLUKOMANAN DARI TEPUNG BIJI SALAK (Salacca edulis Reinw.)
Authors: Anindita Faradisa , Bahri Syaiful , Hardi Jaya
Published: March 2018

This research aims to determine the shaking time and ratio of salak seed flour : anti-solvent isopropyl alcohol to produce glucomannan extract with high yield and high quality. Glucomannan extraction process from salak seed flour is done by aquadest solvent at temperature of 95 °C with shaking speed of 700 rpm for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. Glucomannan precipitate was gained with anti-solvent isopropyl alcohol 95% with salak seed flour : anti-solvent ratio is 1:9, 1:11, 1:13, 1:15, and 1:17 (w/v). Then research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at the level of 95%. The results showed the best extraction time was obtained at shaking time of 120 minutes with yield of  21.47% and the best ratio of salak seed flour : isopropyl alcohol is 1: 17 (w/v) with yield of 40.19%. Characteristics of glucomannan is a water content of 11.18%, ash content of 1.2%, and the molecular weight 2.057 x 104 g/mol.Keywords : salak seed flour, shaking time, glucomannan.
KAJIAN RETENSI KAROTEN KAPANG ONCOM MERAH DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG SELAMA PENGOLAHAN DAN PENYIMPANAN MIE INSTAN FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati , Aneke Harianthy , Bahri Syaiful
Published: March 2018

Has done research on carotenoids retention oncom red on the processing and storage of instant noodles functional.This study aims was to determine the level of damage carotene in the instant noodle processing and to determine the carotene retention during storage of instant noodles as well as to determine the shelf life of instant noodles at a temperature 50ºC  and 60ºC. Estimation of shelf life or expiration period using the model of reaction kinetics the treatment phase of the study include red oncom mold production, processing instant noodles and storage of instant noodles on the temperature. Analysis carotene on instant noodlesdone every 0 days to 6 days using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method in wavelength. The data obtained is used to determine the shelf life of instant noodles. The results obtained showed live carotene demage during  the processing of instant noodles is to 20g = 1,867%. For temperature 60oC for 20g = 10,208%, and determining Q10 is 2,90 and the expiration of a functional instant noodles is 122 days.Keywords : Carotene, Mie Functional, Retention carotene, Shelf life, Reaction Kinetics Model
Positive or negative voting premium: What happened to private benefits in Italy?
Authors: Sancetta Giuseppe , Cucari Nicola , Esposito De Falco Salvatore
Published: March 2018

A large body of research deals with voting premium as a proxy of private benefit of control. Almost all of them find positive voting premium, in particular in Italy. Therefore appears interesting to ask what is the current status of private benefits of control in Italy in the last decade (2007-2017). Surprisingly, we show three major findings: i) reduction of non-voting share in the Italian scenario; ii) prevalence of negative voting rights premium more than positive ones, thus conflicting with the assumption and the observations by other researchers; iii) limits of the voting premium method. Our aim is that this study, despite its limitations, may encourage further researches focused on the analysis of the improvement and the change in the Italian corporate governance. The article points out that interesting evidence already exists, although still much remains to do in the future.
EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL AND BUDGET EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BUSINESS-INCUBATOR PROJECT
Authors: Sabaydash Marina Vladislavovna
Published: March 2018

The article analyzes the world experience of developing business incubators as a part of the innovation infrastructure. The problem of assessing the commercial and budgetary effectiveness of the business incubator project is currently not sufficiently developed. The attention of researchers is mainly focused on studying foreign and domestic experience and analyzing the forms of state support. The project of creating a business incubator has the following specific feature: several participants, including the state, use different resources in the course of the project implementation and strive to achieve different goals. Efficiency assessment is based on two principles stated due to the feature mentioned above: a principle of accounting for opportunity costs in terms of assessment of commercial effectiveness; a principle of assessing efficiency of all the participants of a project Following these principles, the assessment should be carried out in two stages: 1) to assess the effectiveness of the project as a whole; 2) to assess the effectiveness of the project for each participant. At the first stage, the main economic parameters of the project are defined: state subsidies for the construction or repair of industrial and office premises of a business incubator, production equipment, office equipment, reimbursement of current expenses; current income and expenses of the managing organization; taxes to the budget. The methodology for calculating net cash flow, net discounted income, profitability index, internal rate of return and payback period for the project as a whole is proposed. The second stage is based on the principle of accounting for opportunity costs. The commercial efficiency of the project implementation for the managing organization, small business entities located in the business incubator and the budget efficiency of the project are estimated.
NEW FACTORS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF PRODUCTION AS A SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ganina Galina Eduardovna
Published: March 2018

Recently there has appeared an apparent trend of increasing diversity of products, as well as a simultaneous increase in the frequency of their turnover. However, modern production lacks dynamics in its development, which is associated with the low change of resources during the transition to new products. To describe the production system there has been proposed a productional approach. The traditional factors of efficiency of production systems are reviewed and systematized: factors of organizational structure, technology and available resources. The process of the production transformation based on the mechanism of routine and creative transformation of work activities identifies new factors of efficiency of a production system: the effectiveness of creative activity, efficiency of scientific activity and performance of automation. The mutual influence of traditional and new factors of efficiency of a production system has been considered. The effectiveness of creative activities improves the efficiency of a production system through the factors of technology, resources and quality of the project of output product. The effectiveness of scientific activity affects the factors of technology and creates conditions for further automation of production. The automation efficiency increases the efficiency of the production system through the factors of technology and resources, freeing up people for deployment within a production system. New ideas of production systems analysis allowed to hypothesize the existence of a new factor of increasing the efficiency of production systems - accumulating the creative potential by freeing up personnel in the course of automation production. When the creative methods get activated, working routine transforms into creative state. Creative activity is the main driving force of scientific and technical progress; it creates conditions for the dynamic development of industrial enterprise.
BUSINESS PROCESS THROUGHPUT METRICS
Authors: Artamonov Ivan Vasilevich
Published: March 2018

In the course of development and implementation of information technologies it is necessary to measure performance of the designed and improved business processes. A developed system of performance metrics for such analysis is determined by the specific nature of a business process, while its quality depends on the analyst’s experience. Current technologies do not provide a method for objective measuring of future business processes throughput efficiency being either too primitive or too complex for real-world enterprise models. Some experience on performance measuring is collected in the theory of manufacturing systems, computer hardware and software, queuing theory and quality of service of business processes. Summing up the achievements it is possible to create a general-purpose and abstract set of performance parameters that can be applied to any business process and used for depth analysis of processes in the systems of simulation modelling and of business process management. The set consists of four groups evaluating efficiency by the time of operation, quantitative parameters, workload of employees and compliance to standards and conventions. For these parameters there have been developed a number of boundary values, reaching them leads to undesirable effects. Besides, the definition of dangerous events has been proposed to determine abnormal, out-of-bound process behavior or state causing business process failure.
Methodology for the Experimental Analysis of Offshore System in Deep and Ultra-Deep Waters in the Colombia Caribbean Sea
Authors: Mulford Edgard , Cabrera Jairo
Published: March 2018

Historically, different methodologies of experimental analysis of naval and oceanic structures oriented to the execution of controlled experimental tests in facilities capable of reproducing environmental conditions specific to their operating locations have been developed. These methodologies enable the efficient design of oceanic structures, the minimization of production costs and the generation of scientific knowledge. This article details the design of an experimental analysis methodology for semi-submersible offshore systems for deep and ultra-deep water fields, obtaining satisfactory results, and the validity of the procedure as an important contribution to the phases of semi-submersible platform design, a concept selected as appropriate for the areas of interest of the Colombian Caribbean
Navantia’s Shipyard 4.0 model overview
Authors: Recamán Rivas Ángel
Published: March 2018

Navantia finished the analysis of the concept Industry 4.0 in 2016 and its application to the naval shipbuilding industry, referred to herein as Shipyard 4.0. The implementation process has begun with several projects that involved various technologies. In order to incorporate them in the new project, for naval vessels and systems, special focus has been put in the future F-110 frigate.This document aims to provide an overview of the Shipyard 4.0 model and a brief discussion regarding the projects launched for its implementation in Navantia. The initiative 4.0 is a key development vector across all the industrial sectors in the future and its expected outcomes match the ones established by the Government of Colombia in its “Plan de Transformación Industrial” (Plan of Industrial Transformation). In this context, the new frigate program (PES) is a unique opportunity to engage the local industry, in which Navantia offers its willingness to cooperate.
In vitro regeneration of two high-yielding eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Tanzena Tanny Sabina Yesmin, Mst Muslima Khatun, , Protity Anica Tasnim , Salimullah Md , Alam Iftekhar
Published: March 2018

An in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for two high-yielding eggplant varieties (Solanum melongena L.) namely BARI begun-4 and BARI begun-6. Multiple shoots were regenerated from cotyledonary explants through organogenesis with growth regulators of different combinations and concentrations.  The best response towards multiple shoot regeneration was achieved from cotyledon explants on MS media complemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l IAA in both the two varieties of eggplant. Elongation of shoots was achieved on hormone free MS medium. Regenerated shoots of both the varieties produced   active in vitro root system on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA.  The in vitro grown plantlets were acclimatized in soil, grew up to maturity, flowered, fruited and produced seeds as normal healthy plant like the control.
Effect of physiological age of stem and IBA treatment on rooting of branch cuttings of Taxus baccata L.
Authors: Das Saumitro , Jha L.K.
Published: March 2018

The natural population of Taxus baccata L. (Himalayan Yew) throughout the Indian Himalayan Region is greatly reduced due to its extensive and reckless exploitation for “Taxol” an anticancer drug. The effects of overexploitation are exacerbated by the species poor regeneration process, slow growth rate and prolonged seed dormancy. Therefore vegetative propagation by branch cuttings seems to be only practical solution for its large scale multiplication. A study was conducted on six candidate trees (CTs) to examine the effect genotype, physiological age of stem, IBA treatment on rooting of Taxus baccata cuttings. Results revealed that rooting behaviour of cuttings was significantly affected by all the factors under study. Among the six CTs studied, CT 2 (from BSI, Shillong) had given the highest rooting response (46.28%). The juvenile cuttings have the higher rooting capacity; however the callusing was more prominent in mature cutting. The influence of IBA treatment was also significant for rooting where 1000 was most effective for stimulating rooting juvenile cuttings and 2000 ppm in mature cuttings.
New Media in Formal and Non-formal Higher Education in Social Sciences
Authors: Kordić Ljubica , Rišner Željko , Papa Dubravka
Published: March 2018

IT-era has changed not only the notion of intercultural communication worldwide, but also every aspect of human reality. In this paper, the authors present the application of electronic media in formal and non-formal education in Croatian higher education institutions on the example of the Faculty of Law, University of Osijek. Special attention is paid to specific computer programmes, language databases and tools for machine translation and machine-assisted translation used in the teaching process within the Lifelong Learning Programme for Lawyer-Linguists as a new type of non-formal interdisciplinary education delivered at that faculty. In the introductory part, the authors discuss the role of new media in formal higher education and present results of a questionnaire conducted among teaching staff of the Faculty of Law Osijek related to application of the Internet and other new IT-media in specific courses. The main part of the paper is focused on the analysis of the course Online Translation Tools and EU Vocabulary, carried out within the Lifelong Learning Programme for Lawyer-Linguists. Teaching contents of that course are delivered by using computer technology (translation tools and databases accessible online), which serves as a medium for teaching translation. Simultaneously, instructing students in proper and skilful usage of those media represents the principal goal of that course. In the concluding part, the authors try to determine the role of new media and IT in formal and non-formal types of tertiary education in the future.
Are FTA’s making the World Less Free? A Case Study of TPP
Authors: Özsüllü Kerem
Published: March 2018

On January 23, 2017, right after assuming presidency, US President Donald Trump did good on his promise and signed the executive order that withdrew USA from the very agreement that it commenced the negotiations for: Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP). The unratified multinational trade agreement encompassed 12 countries which accounted for %40 of the world’s GDP and over 800 million people. On a broader scope, TPP is often affiliated with two other trade deals; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) both of which in terms of content resemble a lot that of TPP. Given the fact that TTIP and TiSA are not complete and not entirely disclosed with the public, we shall be exclusively focusing on TPP. TPP has been subject to many controversies. But particularly the notion that TPP would enable corporations to sue governments in private arbitration tribunals over lost profits has drawn much attention. In this article we shall be investigating whether there is some truth to these allegations. Providing reference from the articles of the agreement, we shall be discussing the qualities of TPP’s judicial reforms. But firstly, in order to introduce the reader to the subject; we will be providing with some context, to properly frame the subject, and with some information about the nature of these agreements. Secondly, we shall be addressing our main issue. In addition, we will be questioning the framework within which the agreements are officially presented. Finally, a conclusion that compromises the author’s assessment of the case will be provided.
Organizational Culture Management Challenges
Authors: Gulua Ekaterine
Published: March 2018

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Medical Tourism Management Challenges - The Case of Dental Tourism in Albania
Authors: Nexhipi Olta
Published: March 2018

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Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan
Authors: Ndoromo Owen , Österman Karin , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: March 2018

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Die Wichtigkeit der Redewendungen im Deutschunterricht: Redewendungen und idiomatische Redewendungen
Authors: Ilieva Valentina
Published: March 2018

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Approaching Difficulties of Teaching Language Complexes by Example of GAS and BCS
Authors: Svoboda Manuela
Published: March 2018

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The Relationship Between Iraqi EFL Teachers’ Creativity and Identifying Flaws in Multiple-Choice Questions: a Case Study of Najaf
Authors: Khafaji Al H.
Published: March 2018

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The reception of Isabel Allende’s novels in Albania
Authors: Kaba Flavia , Çano Ana
Published: March 2018

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Fiscal Transparency Management in Theory and Practice: the Case of Kosovo
Authors: Fetahu Driton
Published: March 2018

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Use of Complex Sentences by Syrian and Turkish Foreign/Second Language Learners
Authors: Ordem Eser
Published: March 2018

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Profiles of Students’ Study Processes and Dominant Intelligences in the Faculty of Sport Sciences
Authors: Bahadır Ziya , Certel Zehra
Published: March 2018

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Awareness of Individuals and Businesses in Albania for Sustainable Development
Authors: SHYLE Irma
Published: March 2018

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The Role of Folk Songs in Social Movements: A Case Study on the Separate Telangana State Formation in India
Authors: Krishnaiah Krishnaiah
Published: March 2018

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The Reflections of Minimalist Approaches on the 21st Century Graphic Design
Authors: TOY Ertan
Published: March 2018

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The Insertion of Latin America in the Global Context. A Focused Approach to Regional Economic Development
Authors: Silva Luiz César Fernandes da , Mourão Paulo Reis
Published: March 2018

The 90's was a period of significant change for the Latin American economies. Countries experience considerable political and institutional reforms to make the trade and financial openness. The implemented model of economic development shall be based on liberalizing measures in reducing the state's role in the economy and was attributed to the market the lead role of inducing economic system. At the end of the decade, poor results on the economic and social sphere were reflected in several countries and a further review in development policies is now favored. Thus, the ideas of theoretical analysis of the thinking of the Economic Studies Committee to Latin - America (CEPAL) is postulated on the agenda. Based on the Keynesian thought and a historical-structural approach, the production of the institution lies in the analysis of the conjecture and consequences of deregulation and economic and financial liberalization that prevailed. He proposed an approach to regional economic development that would reconcile economic growth with better income distribution, employment and growth with technical progress and social equity. This paper considers, by inserting the Latin American countries in the global integration in the 90s, the ideal of theoretical analysis of the thinking of CEPAL, the socioeconomic situation, as an alternative form of the reforms made in that decade. Therefore, it makes for a bibliographic approach, a reflective analysis highlighting the opinion of the institution.
Efficient Management of Municipal Enterprises
Authors: Narmania Davit
Published: March 2018

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Employment of Entry-Level Journalists- Case of Georgia
Authors: Gersamia Mariam , Toradze Maia
Published: March 2018

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Supportive Relationship Between Teachers And Students And Among Peers
Authors: Stefa Enkeleda
Published: March 2018

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Activation of CO2 at Chromia-Nanocluster-Modified Rutile and Anatase TiO2
Authors: Nolan Michael , Fronzi Marco
Published: March 2018

Converting CO2 to fuels is required to enable the production of sustainable fuels and to contribute to alleviating CO2 emissions. In considering conversion of CO2, the initial step of adsorption and activation by the catalyst is crucial. In addressing this difficult problem, we have examined how nanoclusters of reducible metal oxides supported on TiO2 can promote CO2 activation. In this paper we present density functional theory (DFT) simulations of CO2 activation on heterostructures composed of extended rutile and anatase TiO2 surfaces modified with chromia nanoclusters. The heterostructures show non-bulk Cr and O sites in the nanoclusters and an upshifted valence band edge that is dominated by Cr 3d- O 2p interactions. We show that the supported chromia nanoclusters can adsorb and activate CO2 and that activation of CO2 is promoted whether the TiO2 support is oxidised or hydroxylated. Reduced heterostructures, formed by removal of oxygen from the chromia nanocluster, also promote CO2 activation. In the strong CO2 adsorption modes, the molecule bends giving O-C-O angles of 127 - 132o and elongation of C-O distances up to 1.30 Å; no carbonates are formed. The electronic properties show a strong CO2-Cr-O interaction that drives the interaction of CO2 with the nanocluster and induces the structural distortions. These results highlight that a metal oxide support modified with reducible metal oxide nanoclusters can activate CO2, thus helping to overcome difficulties associated with the difficult first step in CO2 conversion.
O ESTADO PENAL-PSIQUIÁTRICO E A NEGAÇÃO DO SER HUMANO (PRESUMIDAMENTE) PERIGOSO
Authors: Castelo Branco Thayara Silva
Published: March 2018

O artigo trata dos contornos do direito penal de “tratamento” com base no discurso médico-psiquiátrico, buscando analisar as consequências da reação (penal) ao sujeito “perigoso” e potencialmente criminoso, bem como a herança dessa periculosidade no Sistema de Justiça Criminal brasileiro.  Dessa forma, problematiza o Estado penal-psiquiátrico que passa a conectar a noção de “doença” e de “perigo” como justificativa de negação e aniquilamento do ser humano.
REALISMO CRÍTICO, POLÍTICA CRIMINAL E DOGMÁTICA: O PAPEL ATIVO DO DISCURSO CRIMINOLÓGICO NA INOVAÇÃO LEGISLATIVA E DOUTRINÁRIA
Authors: Divan Gabriel Antinolfi , Castamann Eduardo Tedesco
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o discurso criminológico sob a perspectiva da possibilidade – ou necessidade – de influência prática, com o respectivo compromisso na formação de agendas políticas criminais. A dialética, que não é recente, acerca do compromisso prático (político) da criminologia, encontra posicionamentos diametralmente opostos na linha discursiva da criminologia crítica, evidenciando-se como uma prática eminentemente acadêmica, e no discurso realista-crítico, que assume um papel ativo com o intuito de formar, ou instigar, uma agenda política e até mesmo de ingerência junto às agências de controle e poder, conforme pesquisa dedutiva e bibliográfica.
War, Homecoming and Genre: John Mulgan's 'Man Alone' and Jack Kerouac's 'On the Road'
Authors: Mercer Erin
Published: March 2018

At first glance there appears to be little similarity between John Mulgan's Man Alone (1939) and Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957). One is a New Zealand realist novel that appeared just on the outbreak of World War Two, the other an American conffessional text that articulates the emergence of a post-World War Two counterculture. Nevertheless, despite obvious differences in context, style and tone, both novels share a thematic concern with the reintegration of veterans to civilian life. Both narratives focus on a male protagonist recently returned from global conflict who expresses unease regarding their environment and an inability to be at home within it.
'And So He Died As He Had Lived, in Exile and Alone': Friendship, Narrative and the Politics of Remembering
Authors: Burke Christopher
Published: March 2018

Friends were quick to mark the passing of New Zealand novelist James Courage when he died in London in 1963. Courage (1903-63) had found popular and critical acclaim in Britain and elsewhere. This was an accomplishment that few others of his generation had matched. Still fewer, perhaps only Takapuna-based writer Frank Sargeson, could claim to have attained even a modicum of his success internationally. All of Courage's novels had been published in England.
Mansfield as 'Man Alone?' Katherine Mansfield's Reading Experiences in Wartime Britain and France
Authors: Gilkison Perrine , Shep Sydney
Published: March 2018

John Mulgan's novel Man Alone (1959) has perpetuated the iconic Kiwi myth of masculine identity founded on isolation, solitude, and rugged individualism. However, the novel is replete with descriptions of Johnson's reading practices connecting this man 'alone' to the world around him. From his first arrival in Auckland to his departure for Spain, newspapers play a key role, linking Johnson to job opportunities and workers' rights, informing him of events beyond New Zealand, situating him in the here and now. Reading provides moments of distraction from the stultifying routine on Stenning's farm and frames his employer's death. And from a store of old magazines and illustrated papers, reading aloud becomes a defining act of sociability that links Johnson to the old loner Bill Crawley. Johnson may warn his reader against spending too much time alone, but it is a solitude punctuated by print and one that, through print, defines his relationship to others and the world at large.
The Antimodern Manifesto of the Rural Flaneur: When D'Arcy and John Go For a Wander
Authors: Grimshaw Mike
Published: March 2018

Central to the self-definition of modernity walks the flanuer, the modern, observing, critical individual who wanders amidst but against the crowds and urban flows of modern life. Central to the flaneur is an identity that is incomplete, an existence that is dissatisfied. As Bauman notes, the flanuer is the mirror-image, the imitation, the product of the stock-taking, the forced adjustment and mimicry of the modern world - which is itself the original flaneur.
Scholars at War: Australasian Social Scientists, 1939-1945
Authors: Bongiorno Frank
Published: March 2018

This book is admirably designed for undergraduates, especially in medicine. What would they learn from it? First get yourself onto your university's senate as a student representative. Immediately put away the childish things of student affairs. Intervent in a major university controversy, preferably over an academic appointment, and make sure you win. Gain power friends and allies among the professoriate along the way.
To be truly British we must be anti-German New Zealand, Enemy Aliens and the Great War experience, 1914-1919
Authors: Loveridge Steven
Published: March 2018

'To be truly British we must be Anti-German' was a statement voiced by Mrs Ida Boeufve to the Women's Anti-German League at a 1916 rally in Napier. The attitudes and social forces backing that declaration form the subject of Andrew Francis's recent book on the treatment of New Zealand's German-speaking settlers during the First World War. Adapted from his PhD research, 'To Be Truly British We Must Be Anti-German' approaches the period not simply to catalogue wartime anti-Germanism in its own right, but to consider the extent to which larger developments - immigration patterns, conceptions of collective identity and citizenship - set the tone for wartime reaction. This effort tocontextualize anti-alienism in New Zealand's war effort and larger history is taken one step further by considering the subject within a comparative context.
The Meeting Place - Maori and Pakeha Encounters, 1642-1840; A Savage Country: The untold story of New Zealand in the 1820s
Authors: Ritchie Sam
Published: March 2018

The period bookended by initial Maori-Pakeha contact at one end, and the Treaty of Waitangi and the beginning of mass Pakeha migration at the other, is an under-represented stage of New Zealand history. In his study The Meeting Place, Vincent O'Malley purports to examine 1642-1840. Likewise, in a prequel to his previous studies of New Zealand in the 1830s and the 1840s, Paul Moon's A Savage Country is confined to the 1820s. It is pleasing to see this important time of change, for both Maori and Pakeha, as the focus of further historical investigation.
Striding Both Worlds: Witi Ihimaera and New Zealand's Literary Traditions
Authors: Crocker Therese
Published: March 2018

Witi Ihimaera has been a dominant force in New Zealand literature for four decades. In Striding Both Worlds Melissa Kennedy presents a study of the published works of Ihimaera and considers his place in the New Zealand literary landscape. The image evoked from the title, of Ihimaera with a foothold in both Maori and Pakeha literary traditions, immediately alerts the reader to a potentially broader reading of Ihimaera's work than may previously have been explored. Striding Both Worlds is a reworking of Kennedy's 2007 doctoral dissertation: 'Striding Both Worlds: Cross-Cultural Influence in the Work of Witi Ihimaera', a collaboration between Universite de Bourgogne, Dijion and the University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Palmer: the Parliamentary Years; Maori and Parliament: Diverse Strategies and Compromise
Authors: Edwards Bryce
Published: March 2018

Raymond Richards - Edited by Maria BarghShould academia and politics mix? Two recent books published about very different topics in New Zealand politics provide some light on the relationship between academic intellectuals and parliamentary politics. Both books offer examples of academic intellectuals jumping into the political sphere, with varying results. Typically New Zealand has a rather flimsy relationship between the realms of central government and academia. Unfortunately, intellectuals tend not only to stay out of the 'issues of the day' but also parliamentary politics full stop.
The Interracial Theatre of 'Strip Tents' in Travelling Shows: Spaces of Sexual Desire in Southeastern Australia, 1930s-1950s
Authors: Hunter Kate
Published: March 2018

By the end of the nineteenth century agricultural shows (what in the American tradition are called 'fairs'), were well established in Australia. An enduring symbol of agricultural progress and rural modernity, they became in the twentieth century a vehicle for the professionalization of agriculture and the evolution of European farm women's political organizations.
'Not On Our Street': New Urban Spaces of Interracial Intimacy in 1950s and 1960s New Zealand
Authors: Labrum Bronwyn
Published: March 2018

In the latter part of 1960, Mrs Fitchett, from the suburb of Henderson in Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, complained to the Department of Maori Affairs (DMA) about a Maori family in her neighbourhood. She stated that she disliked the behaviour of the children when playing with rugby balls in the street and she alluded to other nuisances. The Department's district welfare officer personally investigated her complaint.
'Every Comfort of a Civilized Life': Interracial Marriage and Mixed Race Respectability in Southern New Zealand
Authors: Stevens Kate
Published: March 2018

During his 1843 trip along the southern coast of New Zealand, government official Edward Shortland found the whaling settlement recently established at Jacob's River/Aparima (now Riverton) in the Foveaux Strait 'built on the southern slope of some well wooded hills, and being white-washed, and having near them green enclosures of corn and potatos, presented, while shone on by the morning sun, the most smiling and refreshing aspect imaginable. Shortland's account presents a sharp contrast to descriptions of northern settlements in the Bay of Islands, where early cultural exchanges were often characterized by licentious and lewd behaviour.
An Intimate Knowledge of 'Maori and Mutton-Bird': Big Nana's Story
Authors: Stevens Michael J.
Published: March 2018

The institution of mutton-birding is as old as the hill, and from time immemorial it has been the right of the Murihiku natives to gather [titi/muttonbirds]... it is one of the new natural advantages yet entirely in their hands, and they strongly resent the intrusion of pakehas into it.Nga-Ti-Ngaro.Pakehas, married to Natives so privileged, also have a legal right to participate in these [titi harvesting] activities.L.E. Richdale, 1946.
'Our Old Friends and Recent Foes': James Cowan, Rudall Hayward and Memories of Natural Affections in the New Zealand Wars
Authors: Cooper Annabel
Published: March 2018

When the first Taranaki War ended in 1861, a young settler and engineer called George Robinson celebrated the apparent end of interracial hostilities by venturing out with his fellow volunteers to rediscover a peach orchard that war had made inaccessible. Appetites satisfied, he and his friends were exploring further into the lately contested territory, when they met a 'lad' they knew from one of the resistant Maori settlements. The boy invited them home where his people wer enow living: after some hesitation, they accompanied him.
Introduction
Authors: Green Anna
Published: March 2018

With the passing of the editorial baton, this seems a good moment to reiterate the aims of the journal and review some of the changes. First of all, however, may I thank the editorial committee of Lydia Wevers, Richard Hill and Brad Patterson, and the journal administrator Deborah Levy, who collectively provided invaluable assistance in the process of transition to a new editor; and welcome the members of our new multidisciplinary and national/international journal board.
Classical References in the Work of Witi Ihimaera: An Annotated Commentary
Authors: Perris Simon
Published: March 2018

In this article, I collate and annotate classical references from the published fiction of Witi Ihimaera. Throughout, I take it as axiomatic that classical references are especially meaningful in post/-colonial contexts, and that an investigation of such references in New Zealand literature is a pressing desideratum. All told, I demonstrate by example that classical references make a significant contribution to the warp and weft of Maori fiction.
A Proud Thing to have recorded
Authors: Moon Paul
Published: March 2018

In 1867, the New Zealand House of Representatives passed the Maori Representation Act, which entitled Māori males aged twenty-one and over to vote for a Māori member of the House. This article traces the constitutional origins of the Act, and concludes with a survey of the initial responses in some Māori communities to the passage of the legislation. What is evident in this analysis is that the Act was driven by various motives, ranging from pacifying Māori hostility, to the desire by some legislators to secure a parliamentary presence for Māori in order to make the House more representative.
A History of Indigenous New Zealand Books in European Translation
Authors: Haag Oliver
Published: March 2018

This article is concerned with the European translations of Indigenous New Zealand literature. It presents a statistical evaluation of a bibliography of translated books and provides an overview of publishing this literature in Europe. The bibliography highlights some of the trends in publishing, including the distribution of languages and genres. This study offers an analysis of publishers involved in the dissemination of the translations and retraces the reasons for the proliferation of translated Indigenous books since the mid-1980s. It identifies Indigenous films, literary prizes and festivals as well as broader international events as central causes for the increase in translations.
Operation Mercury, the Invasion of Crete
Authors: Richter Heinz
Published: March 2018

This article is a very brief version of a 320 page book based on sources and publications in English, Greek, French and German from all countries which were involved in the Battle for Crete during the Second World War. It analyses and explains the reasons why the defenders lost despite information provided by ULTRA about the plans of the attackers and both far higher numbers and heavy weapons.
Commentary on Heinz Richter - Operation Mercury
Authors: Filer David
Published: March 2018

The battle of Crete, fought in May-June 1941, remains a significant event in New Zealand’s history. New Zealand soldiers played a crucial role in the fighting and their casualty rate, with over 3,800 dead, wounded and prisoners of war, was high for such a small country. Kiwi commanders made key decisions in the battle, decisions which led directly to the Allied defeat. Which commanders and which decisions, however, has been a subject of debate ever since.
Introduction
Authors: Green Anna
Published: March 2018

This issue of the journal begins with two articles based upon very different performative contexts, those of the law court and concert venue.
'Too Good to be True? Race, Class, Massacre and the Bryce v Rusden Libel Case'
Authors: O'Leary John
Published: March 2018

Though little remembered now, the 1886 Bryce v Rusden libel case was a significant legal collision, bringing to a head half a century of antagonism between those who approved of colonization and those who deplored its effects on indigenous peoples. The defendant in the case, George Rusden, lost, and was forced to pay enormous damages. Why, when his evidence was shaky, did Rusden publish his libels? And why did he make little attempt to correct or apologize for them when he discovered they were largely inaccurate? The answers lie in part in Rusden’s Australian background, and the complicated nexus of race, class and massacre that characterizes colonial history.
'Music in Christchurch during the 1882 Exhibition'
Authors: Jane Philip
Published: March 2018

Large-scale exhibitions in the nineteenth-century sprang from the Victorian desire to showcase industrial development, and most of them had an element of cultural display such as a concert series or music competitions. An international exhibition was held in Christchurch, New Zealand, for fourteen weeks in 1882. While not on the same scale as other international exhibitions throughout the world, this exhibition offers the opportunity to study what progress music had made in a recently colonized country. This mainly narrative study reveals a wide range of musical activity, with opera, choral concerts, musical competitions, and performances by an internationally-renowned chamber group.
'Some dozen raupo whares, and a few tents: remembering raupo houses in colonial New Zealand'
Authors: Harman Kristyn
Published: March 2018

This article traces the genealogy of colonial raupo buildings in New Zealand, and also charts their decline. This decline was in part attributable to the passage of the colony’s earliest building legislation, ‘an ordinance for imposing a tax upon raupo houses’. It draws on census data and settler reminiscences to demonstrate that collective memory of raupo houses became essential to settler New Zealand as a benchmark against which to measure colonial progress. It also shows how, in the early decades of the twentieth century, health concerns were mobilized as the official rationale for both the removal from raupo houses of those few Pākehā who continued to occupy them, and the wholesale destruction of many Māori-occupied raupo homes. By the 1930s, few New Zealanders continued to occupy raupo houses, and their extensive use by early colonists was conveniently forgotten. Remembering raupo houses in colonial New Zealand contributes to recent scholarship theorising the existence of a ‘middle ground’ in the colony, at least until 1840 and potentially up to the 1860s.
'Interweaving in New Zealand Culture: a Design Case Study'
Authors: Wood D
Published: March 2018

Carin Wilson is one of New Zealand’s significant designers and makers of studio furniture. This analysis of his career is enmeshed with New Zealand contemporary craft history, and the national Pākehā (non-Māori) organization that advocated for craft issues and education from 1965 to 1992. During this period and subsequently, Wilson negotiated his bi-cultural heritage to engage in one-of-a-kind furniture-making as well as benefit non-Māori and Māori communities and the nation. Unlike New Zealand’s coat-of-arms, which portrays its founding cultures as equal yet separate, Wilson’s career shows that New Zealand’s cultures merge into each other, manifesting in hybrid individuals and communities.
'"A habit of walking with God": The Books of Alfred Nesbit Brown'
Authors: Moffat Kirstine
Published: March 2018

This article aims to contribute to the growing body of scholarship about reading communities in New Zealand by reconstructing the reading lives and reading tastes of Alfred Nesbit Brown (1803-1884), his family, and his missionary contemporaries from the books they read, collected and preserved. Brown’s library, which remains intact at the Elms Mission Station in Tauranga, is a material reminder of Brown’s spiritual life, mission work, and reliance on book knowledge to assist with the practical tasks of colonial life. The library also speaks of Brown’s relationship with a larger community of readers: his family, his Church Mission Society (CMS) colleagues, his Catholic competitors, and the Māori iwi he worked among.
Personalizing Class Conflict Across the Tasman: the New Zealand Great Strike and Trans-Tasman Biography
Authors: Nolan Melanie
Published: March 2018

This is a revisionist account of the New Zealand 1913 Great Strike, placing it in a trans-Tasman framework rather than, as is more usual, local and international contexts. It uses the bitter relationship between Harry Holland and Billy Hughes to personalize and dramatize the wider dynamic between the New Zealand and Australian labour movements around 1913. It contests the view that that the Tasman world was dying or that New Zealanders’ resented ‘Australian intervention’ in the strike. Affective bonds which did not always match trading partnerships indicate the closeness of New Zealand and Australia peoples as indicated by a range of measures such as population exchange, the exchange of parcels in the mail and the strong push for trans-Tasman union and socialist federation. The effect of the 1913 Great Strike followed closely by the war was, however, to destroy the dream of a trans- Tasman ‘One Big Union’.
The Sorry Steel: Trophy Guns in New Zealand’s World War One Commemoration
Authors: Cooke Peter
Published: March 2018

In relation to WWI war memorials, we traditionally we have had a picture of earnest committees raising funds to build an obelisk, and dedicating it in a ceremony filled with poignancy and regret, sorrow and pride. And while that is essentially correct, the picture Jock Philips and Chris McLean painted (in their 1990 book) was skewed in one salient aspect – virtually all New Zealand communities also commemorated their fallen with a trophy gun. Hundreds of captured artillery pieces, mortars and machine guns were brought back from the front and distributed – to every city, town, borough, suburb and almost every school. This paper explores a slightly different view our commemorating the sacrifices of the Great War, one that added an element of ‘cold steel’ to the marble statuary. So what did we see in these trophy guns? Were they a triumphal statement or a reminder of loss? And what happened to them and the mode of commemoration they signified?
The Portrayal of the First World War and the Development of a National Mythology in New Zealand
Authors: Pomeroy Arthur J.
Published: March 2018

The Memorial Window in the Hunter Building at Victoria University offers interesting insights into the commemoration of the Great War in New Zealand. The Frederick Ellis design shows strong Anglican Christian iconography, in line with dominant traditions at the College up to the war. The Gallipoli campaign also features much more prominently than the Western Front, since it could be portrayed as a holy crusade against the Turk. As time passes, the ANZAC experience becomes part of the wider New Zealand mythology, but the religious conflict is expunged.
Tēnā koe Hēmi Kāwana: A Ngāti Maniapoto Half-Caste from Kihikihi Greets Mr James Cowan
Authors: Meredith Paul
Published: March 2018

This article explores and evaluates, from an iwi/Māori perspective, the presence of James Cowan in the early twentieth-century collection and recording of Ngāti Maniapoto’s tribal knowledge, past narratives and Pākehā encounter history on the “frontier” border around the Pūniu River. This includes the extent to which Cowan empathised, identified with, and participated in the lives of the Māori people he studied, and recognised them as subjects and not objects of their history. The article argues that Cowan, the early oral historian who connected “places, people and memories” and captured Maniapoto voices speaking in their cultural present, has enriched our shared understanding of the tribe’s past and traditions. The author, a Ngāti Maniapoto half-caste from Kihikihi, illustrates Cowan’s contribution by locating his own personal journey of historical curiosity about his Maniapoto-Pākehā identity in the life and works of James Cowan.
Stories of an Era Not Yet So Very Remote: James Cowan in and out of New Zealand History
Authors: Hilliard Christopher
Published: March 2018

This essay provides a critical overview of James Cowan’s writings, his methods, and his publishing history—chiefly in New Zealand but also in Britain and Germany. Cowan was more of an anthologist than a synthesizer. His significance for popular historical consciousness lies in his small stories rather than his larger moral narrative of the New Zealand Wars and their implications for “race relations.” In his historical journalism, Cowan constantly reminded Pākehā that they did not live in a land without a past, and that the exciting colonial past was tantalizingly close.
Romance of the Rail
Authors: Wevers Lydia
Published: March 2018

James Cowan wrote promotional literature and guidebooks for the New Zealand Railways Department. In them he mixes historical and progressivist discourse, revealing tensions between contradictory ideas about New Zealand: its celebration as a modern and technologically advanced state, epitomized by the railway, and nostalgia for the culture and history that the railway aimed to erase.