bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurogenic cardiovascular disorders in α-synucleinopathies: diagnostic and therapy issues
Authors: Litvinenko I. V. , Dynin P. S. , Yanishevsky S. N. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Naumov K. M.
Published: January 2022

Diagnostics and treatment of the neurogenic cardiovascular disorders in α-synucleinopathies are difficult due to the early-onset of autonomic deficiency and masking under other diseases. The paper discusses the development and progression mechanisms of manifestations of neurogenic cardiovascular pathology. The main forms include neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic hypertension in supine position (recumbent neurogenic hypertension) and its nocturnal variant. The existing and promising diagnostic approaches and related difficulties are presented. The possible relationship of cardiovascular disorders in α-synucleinopathies and their manifestations is shown. A possible diagnostic algorithm and possible non-drug and drug treatment and prevention approaches in neurogenic cardiovascular deficiency in α-synucleinopathies are presented. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach is emphasized.
Left atrial myxoma and cardioembolic stroke in a young patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Korennova О. Yu. , Druk I. V. , Starinskaya S. N. , Tereshchenko J. V. , Ignatiev Yu. T. , Delov R. A.
Published: January 2022

Myxoma of the heart is the most common variant of a primary benign heart tumor, which is complicated in some cases by embolic complications. Myxoma of the heart is often a diagnostic puzzle in young patients due to a low-symptom or masked clinical manifestations. This case report presents a 37-year-old patient with the onset of left atrial myxoma with mitral valve obstruction manifested with syncope, associated traumatic brain injury, rightsided hemihypesthesia, and speech difficulties. The examination showed multiple lacunar ischemic brain lesions in the middle cerebral artery basin. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a large left atrial myxoma with prolapse into the left ventricle. Myxoma was successfully removed. The case highlights the complexity of the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma, associated with the variable clinical manifestations from low-symptomatic cases to the development of cardioembolic complications. Considering recurrent embolic complications, a quick identification of the causes of ischemic stroke in patients without cardiovascular risk factors is important. TTE is a highly specific and sensitive method for the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma. Surgery is a priority treatment method, characterized by a good prognosis for sporadic single-chamber isolated myxomas.
How to govern the city? Polish debates about urban policy during the First World War
Authors: Śmiechowski Kamil
Published: January 2022

The subject of the article are Polish debates on urban policy during the First World War. This four-year period of time was, on the one hand, a huge economic and humanitarian crisis in the cities of the Kingdom of Poland. On the other hand, society achieved the possibility of self-organization through the organization of civic committees, but later also by taking part in municipal elections to councils established in the areas occupied by Central Powers and political campaigns in Warsaw or Łódź – two biggest and the most important cities in the Kingdom of Poland. Author analyzes the most representative aspects of an urban discourse from that period (including press and specialist literature published in Warsaw and Łódź), with particular emphasis on the issue of the dispute about the optimal shape of urban policy, scope of the self-government and the proper direction of urban development on the eve of Poland’s regaining independence and other Central and Eastern European countries. although the issue of municipal self-government appeared in almost every newspaper at that time, the new framework for city politics in Poland emerged in discussions between specialists and authors with the biggest knowledge and longtime experience in writing about this subject.
Observatório de Jornalismo Ambiental: um projeto de extensão em prol da cidadania
Authors: Loose Eloisa Beling , Lengert Mathias , Cervo Matheus
Published: January 2022

Os observatórios de mídia podem ser vistos como atores políticos que apresentam resistências, com o papel social de apontar aos públicos outras formas de ver os acontecimentos. A partir desse entendimento, o Grupo de Pesquisa em Jornalismo Ambiental (GPJA), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), percebeu que a criação de um observatório dedicado à cobertura de meio ambiente poderia não só extrapolar os muros da universidade, levando as reflexões acadêmicas para outros espaços e praticando a extensão a partir de atividades de ensino e pesquisa, como também qualificar o debate ambiental no contexto brasileiro, fomentando o exercício efetivo da cidadania planetária. Este texto, de caráter analítico-exploratório, apresenta a iniciativa e discute os desafios associados à crítica jornalística ambiental. Ressaltam-se, como considerações finais, os limites identificados na produção empírica, decorrentes de uma lógica jornalística nem sempre associada à cidadania, e na própria manutenção dos projetos de extensão nas universidades, fatores que restringem o potencial pedagógico dos observatórios e, nesse caso, do debate sobre jornalismo ambiental.
La vinculación social universitaria: un camino hacia la pertinencia social
Authors: Seañez Martínez Zaide Patricia , Guadarrama Atrizco Víctor Hugo
Published: January 2022

Históricamente las universidades han sido elemento clave del desarrollo socioeconómico, político y tecnológico de las naciones. Para ello requieren establecer una clara y efectiva relación con la sociedad, a lo que comúnmente se le ha llamado vinculación. Dada la importancia de este vínculo, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la evolución del término que permita conocer en qué se ha centrado el análisis,  y a través de ello identificar el grado de importancia de la dimensión social en esta relación. Para lograr este cometido se hace una revisión histórico-teórica sobre la concepción de la vinculación universitaria con su entorno. La revisión arroja que hay poco consenso en la forma de llamarla y definirla, pues se corre el riesgo de caer en generalizaciones o en reduccionismos. Se ha privilegiado el estudio de la vinculación universidad – empresa, por lo que este trabajo propone el concepto de vinculación social universitaria a manera de enfoque para examinar cómo las universidades interactúan con otros actores sociales y hacia todos los ámbitos de la realidad. Es relevante destacar que la vinculación es una estrategia para la pertinencia social, pero no se profundiza en esta última, sino que se esboza como una futura línea de investigación.
Palabras clave: universidad, vinculación y pertinencia social
Interacción de las Instituciones de Educación Superior con el entorno: orientaciones, finalidades y estrategias. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura 2017-2021
Authors: Jiménez Jovanny , Maiztegui-Oñate Concepción , Da Silva Pinto José Luis
Published: January 2022

La incidencia social de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) asume los planteamientos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) de promover el bien común en la sociedad. Esto ha generado algunos debates y artículos científicos con diversas interpretaciones: Responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU), Compromiso universidad-comunidad (CUC) y Compromiso cívico (CC). Por tal razón, es relevante analizar los procesos desarrollados por las IES desde dichos planteamientos. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática donde se revisaron 53 artículos publicados entre el 2017 y el 2021 provenientes de cinco bases de datos, para contrastar las orientaciones, finalidades y estrategias implementadas por las IES en diferentes contextos geográficos y culturales. Los resultados muestran que las IES comparten finalidades como: la promoción de comportamientos éticos y socialmente responsables, la promoción de valores democráticos, la promoción del desarrollo sostenible, el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y la promoción de habilidades para mejorar la empleabilidad. Asimismo, se concluye que la RSU, es la orientación cada vez más elegida por las IES para relacionarse con el entorno, por integrar los procesos de gestión, participación con las funciones sustantivas de la educación superior, interdependencia que busca crear impactos positivos a nivel personal y colectivo, en el horizonte del bien común expresados en comportamientos ciudadanos con criterios éticos y responsables.
Palabras clave: Instituciones de educación superior, Bien común,  Responsabilidad social universitaria, Compromiso universidad-comunidad, Compromiso cívico
Internacionaliza��ǜo e adapta��ǜo de graduandas/egressas do curso de enfermagem em mobilidade acadǦmica internacional
Authors: Stieven Ariane Sabina , Maestri Eleine , Oliveira Friestino Jane Kelly , FonsǦca Graciela Soares , Silva Filho Claudio Claudino
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Compreender o processo de adapta��ǜo e as repercuss��es da internacionaliza��ǜo para graduandos e egressos do curso de Enfermagem que vivenciaram a mobilidade acadǦmica internacional. MǸtodo: Estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com oito ex-intercambistas do programa brasileiro CiǦncia sem Fronteiras, de cursos de enfermagem de Institui����es de Educa��ǜo Superior de diferentes localidades brasileiras. As entrevistas foram realizadas via videoconferǦncia, as quais foram gravadas para posterior transcri��ǜo. Os dados foram analisados pela tǸcnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Emergiram cinco discursos: adapta��ǜo na Austrǭlia; apoio ao estudante; estilos de vida e comportamento; diversidade cultural e compara��ǜo do sistema de saǧde e da enfermagem entre Brasil e Austrǭlia. As diferentes culturas possibilitaram a reflexǜo sobre o contexto multi e interculturais vivenciados, refor��ando seus potenciais para a forma��ǜo profissional e humana. Conclusǜo: A experiǦncia com o intercǽmbio representou um marco transformador, com impactos na vida pessoal e na forma��ǜo profissional.
Sentimentos e emo����es de mǜes de prematuros de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Maia Gusmǜo Ricardo Otǭvio , De Araǧjo Diego Dias , Maciel Ana Paula Ferreira , Alves Soares Jennifer Barbosa , Alves Soares Jessica Barbosa , Da Silva Junior RenǦ Ferreria
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Desvelar os sentimentos e emo����es das mǜes que se deparam com filho prematuro internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, para compreender o sentido dessa vivǦncia. MǸtodo: Estudo qualitativo sob a perspectiva fenomenol��gica fundamentada em Heidegger. Os sujeitos do estudo foram sete mǜes que experenciaram o ser mǜe de uma crian��a hospitalizada, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Resultados: Os discursos foram analisados, por meio de trǦs categorias anal��ticas: sonho de ser mǜe em risco e o sentimento de frustra��ǜo e culpa, sentimentos ambivalentes no p��s-parto e a vivǦncia de sofrimento pela condi��ǜo de fragilidade do filho e a ressignifica��ǜo da experiǦncia e o sentimento de esperan��a e fǸ. Conclusǜo: Houve ambivalǦncia afetiva de sentimentos e emo����es das mǜes. O vivido das mǜes foram marcados por experiǦncias, cujo sentido se expressaram pelo sonho de ser mǜe em risco atǸ �� ressignifica��ǜo desse sofrimento constru��do pelas expectativas em torno da recupera��ǜo.
Representa����es sociais de mulheres sobre a violǦncia domǸstica
Authors: Gomes Iracema Costa Ribeiro , Biondo Chrisne Santana , Maia Ana Carolina Del-Sarto Azevedo , Rodrigues Vanda Palmarella , Vilela Alba BenemǸrita Alves
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as representa����es sociais de mulheres sobre violǦncia domǸstica contra a mulher. MǸtodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representa����es Sociais. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Teste de Associa��ǜo Livre de Palavras (TALP) e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 80 mulheres em situa��ǜo de violǦncia. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo software EVOC e pela TǸcnica de Anǭlise de Conteǧdo. Resultados: Foi obtido um corpus constitu��do de 77,75% de evoca����es livres, os termos agressǜo, humilha��ǜo, medo e xingamento foram os constituidores do nǧcleo central, sendo os mais evocados. Os termos agressǜo e xingamento obtiveram maior expressividade, sendo consideradas as principais representa����es da violǦncia sofrida. Conclus��es: As representa����es sociais de mulheres em situa��ǜo de violǦncia domǸstica, �� luz de suas experiǦncias, encontram-se permeadas de medo, tristeza, inseguran��a, revelando uma significativa insatisfa��ǜo; assim, o cuidado integral de enfermagem deve respeitar essas particularidades.
Disposi��ǜo para colabora��ǜo interprofissional de estudantes de gradua��ǜo
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Guimarǜes dos Santos , Diniz DesirǸe Pires , Jorge Beatriz Maria , De Arruda Guilherme Oliveira , Ferrari Fernando Pierette , Freire Filho JosǸ Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a Disposi��ǜo para a colabora��ǜo interprofissional de estudantes de gradua��ǜo. MǸtodo: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com 82 estudantes de dez cursos de gradua��ǜo de uma universidade pǧblica. A inten��ǜo para a colabora��ǜo interprofissional foi verificada atravǸs da Escala Jefferson de Atitudes Relacionadas �� Colabora��ǜo Interprofissional. Resultados: A amostra foi composta na sua maioria por indiv��duos do sexo feminino, na faixa etǭria de 20 anos, entre o 2�� e 4�� semestre da gradua��ǜo. O escore mǸdio da escala utilizada foi de 129,3 pontos. Conclusǜo: No ǽmbito da educa��ǜo, principalmente de n��vel superior, muitas iniciativas de ensinoaprendizagem sǜo realizadas de forma coletiva, o que favorece a percep��ǜo positiva para o trabalho coletivo. A disposi��ǜo para a colabora��ǜo interprofissional dos estudantes apresentou alto escore; nǜo houve diferen��a estat��stica significativa entre os diferentes cursos de gradua��ǜo, sexo e a fase de forma��ǜo.
Prǭticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao flushing em cateter venoso perifǸrico: estudo descritivo
Authors: Braga Luciene Muniz , Pires Mirele Herculina , Almeida Ana Carolina , Carvalho Daniel Camilo , Salgado Patr��cia Oliveira , Parreira Pedro
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar as prǭticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao flushing para preven��ǜo da obstru��ǜo do cateter venoso perifǸrico. MǸtodo: Estudo descritivo com aplica��ǜo de questionǭrio aos 78 profissionais de enfermagem e checklist durante a observa��ǜo das prǭticas de enfermagem numa cl��nica mǸdica, durante 30 dias. Resultados: 89,7% dos profissionais de enfermagem realizavam o flushing na prǭtica cl��nica. A tǸcnica de pushpause era realizada por 12,86% dos participantes. A seringa mais utilizada foi de 10ml (85,72%), com 10ml de solu��ǜo fisiol��gica 0,9% (52,86%). A tǸcnica push-pause foi realizada em 10,7% das observa����es e a avalia��ǜo da permeabilidade do cateter em 3,6%. Conclusǜo: O flushing Ǹ utilizado para preven��ǜo da obstru��ǜo do cateter nas prǭticas de enfermagem, entretanto, verificou-se diferen��as na tǸcnica, tamanho da seringa, volume de solu��ǜo fisiol��gica utilizada e momentos para realiza��ǜo entre os profissionais e o recomendado pela literatura.
Prospects of the Central Bank Digital Currencies in the Post-Soviet States
Authors: Polivach A.
Published: January 2022

This article analyses prospects of introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) in eleven post-Soviet states as well as their policy towards crypto-currencies. Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova have not taken a final decision yet about the CBDC while the crypto-currency industry is not regulated by law and is not much developed in these countries. Belarus, Georgia and Uzbekistan attempt to get profits by stimulating crypto-currency industry and making their jurisdictions attractive for such business. But these countries also have not decided yet about the CBDC. Kazakhstan and Tajikistan announced plans to introduce national CBDCs. Ukraine attempts to go in both directions – to stimulate crypto-currency industry and to introduce national CBDC.
Ukrainian Labor Migrants in Poland: Challenges Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vedeneeva V.
Published: January 2022

This article examines the situation of Ukrainian labor migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic, and shows how the pandemic and the resulting restrictions have affected the situation of Ukrainian citizens working in Poland. Thanks to the first anti-crisis measures undertaken by the Polish authorities at the very beginning of the pandemic, most of Ukrainians working in Poland were able to remain in the country, but their conditions of employment noticeably deteriorated. As the Polish economy “unfreezed”, the demand for migrant labor has been growing significantly, and faced with a shortage of workers a significant mber of employers has been ready to raise the wages of Ukrainians, for whom Poland is still the first country of destination.
Problems of Historical Memory in Polish–Ukrainian Relations
Authors: Smirnov A.
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of modern Polish–Ukrainian relations gives reason to speak not only about changes in the dialogue of the two countries but also about a partial change in its political agenda. In accordance with the position of the new Ukrainian administration, the historical reconciliation of Warsaw and Kiev may be achieved under observance of a number of conditions. First, the presence of negative and painful topics in the information field and the political discourse of both countries should be either excluded or drastically limited. Secondly, under any opportunity it is necessary to focus public attention on those points of the past that may be presented as a visible evidence of the convergence of Poland and Ukraine. The most convenient and advantageous theme in this situation is to combat the power of imperial and totalitarian regimes, personified mainly by Moscow. At the same time a “breakthrough” in bilateral relations declared by top political figures becomes rather ephemeral in the light of constant delays characterizing Warsaw attitude to the problem of “Ukrainian memorable places” and leaving Kiev with less desire to go to unilateral concessions.
Results of the Presidential Elections in Uzbekistan: The Economic and Political Course of Sh. Mirziyoyev
Authors: Ionova E.
Published: January 2022

The main result of the presidential elections in Uzbekistan held on October 24, 2021 was that President Sh. Mirziyoyev received a mandate to further implement his economic and political course which provisions were set out in his election program. In the elections opponents of the president, representing in general pro-government parties, were unable to provide an effective alternative to the president's program, which, moreover, accumulated many of their proposals. In the next five years, the republic which economy is the fastest growing in Central Asia will face further economic reforms. Their effect will largely depend on the objective conditions associated primarily with the pandemic. The social program of the president, if it is actually implemented, can help smooth out the negative consequences of market reforms. Mirziyoyev’s foreign policy reflected new geopolitical landmarks of the Central Asian countries, including Afghanistan and Turkey. At the same time, the development of relations between Uzbekistan and Russia is increasing, indicating the desire of Tashkent under the leadership of Mirziyoyev to maintain balance in relations with leading foreign policy players. As a result, it can be stated that today the President of Uzbekistan has strong positions both within the country and abroad.
REB’s statistical series: surveys of industrial enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: January 2022

Industrial indexes of the Russian Economic Barometer cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russia’s industrial enterprises. The article presents the basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer through direct surveys of industrial enterprises’ managers. Regular extension of rows allows to consider the dynamics of more than 100 series of indicators, to conduct a comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.
How does the Renewal of Trading Partners Affect the Economic Activity of Enterprises?
Authors: Batyaeva A.
Published: January 2022

The article dwells upon the following issues connected with the behavior of enterprises in relation to their trading partners: what are the main characteristics of the process of renewal of trading partners? What is the share of enterprises actively changing their counterparts? Did the process of changing partners fade or gain momentum in the period from 1992 to 2000? Are there differences in the indicators of economic activity (prices, capacity and labor utilization rates, orders, stocks, investments, financial situation) between those who actively changed partners and those whose trading partner’s structure was more or less stable? What happens in times of crisis: do enterprises tend to preserve their business relationships or, conversely, do they have to revise them more actively? The unique REB surveys data makes it possible to get answers to these and other questions.
Traffic Simulation in SAGIN Air Segment Containing Ad Hoc Network of Flying Drones
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Grekhov Andrii , Kondratiuk Vasyl
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to simulate data transmission and calculate traffic parameters in SAGIN air segment for which Ad Hoc network of flying drones is considered as a model. Traffic modeling is based on the manet-routing-compare example from the ns3 simulator library, which has been supplemented with the code for calculation packet losses, throughput/goodput, and message transmission delays. The program allowed considering drones movement at both low and high speeds from 3.6 km/h to 72 km/h. The dependences of traffic losses on data transmission power, transaction sizes and data transmission rate are obtained and analyzed. The distribution of the average effective arrival rate λ and the throughput/goodput for drones has been studied. Comparing traffic characteristics in models with different numbers of drones allows judging how the required quality of service can be achieved by choosing the right transmission parameters.
Pathological Relevance of Post-translationally Modified Alpha-Synuclein (pSer87, pSer129, nTyr39) in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Sonustun Berkiye , Altay Firat M , Strand Catherine , Hondhamuni Geshanthi , Warner Thomas T , Lashuel Hilal A , Bandopadhyay Rina
Published: January 2022

Aggregated alpha-synuclein (-synuclein) is the main component of Lewy bodies (LBs), Lewy neurites (LNs), and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), which are pathological hallmarks of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), respectively. Initiating factors that culminate in forming LBs/LNs/GCIs remain elusive. Several species of -synuclein exist, including phosphorylated and nitrated forms. It is unclear which -synuclein post-translational modifications (PTMs) appear within aggregates throughout disease pathology. Herein we aimed to establish the predominant synuclein PTMs in post-mortem IPD and MSA pathology using immunohistochemistry. We examined the patterns of three -synuclein PTMs (pS87, pS129, nY39) simultaneously in pathology-affected regions of 15 PD, 5 MSA, 6 neurologically normal controls. All antibodies recognized LBs, LNs, and GCIs, albeit to a variable extent. pS129 -synuclein antibody was particularly immunopositive for LNs and synaptic dot-like structures followed by nY39 -synuclein antibody. GCIs, neuronal inclusions, and small threads were positive for nY39 -synuclein in MSA. Quantification of the LB scores revealed that pS129 -synuclein was the dominant and earliest -synuclein PTM followed by nY39 -synuclein, while lower amounts of pSer87 -synuclein appeared later in disease progression in PD. These results may have implications for novel biomarker and therapeutic developments.
Equivalent Electronic Circuit of a System of Oscillators Connected With Periodically Variable Stiffness
Authors: Seth Soumyajit , Kudra Grzegorz , Witkowski Krzysztof , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we have shown the electronic circuit equivalence of a mechanical system consists of two oscillators coupled with each other. The mechanical design has the effects of the magnetic, resistance forces and the spring constant of the system is periodically varying. We have shown that the system’s state variables, such as the displacements and the velocities, under the effects of different forces, lead to some nonlinear behaviors, like a transition from the fixed point attractor to the chaotic attractor through the periodic and quasi-periodic attractors. We have constructed the equivalent electronic circuit of this mechanical system and have verified the numerically obtained behaviors using the electronic circuit.
One Health Approach for combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals
Authors: Chang Chung-Ming , Pandey Ramendra Pati , Mukherjee Riya
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing hazard to human and animal health that necessitates an international response. Surveillance methods in high-income nations aided in the development of measures to combat AMR in animals. Demand for meat is increasing in countries making it critical to implement anti-AMR initiatives. Surveillance of AMR, on the other hand, is at best in its infancy, and the current evidence base for informing policymakers is geographically disparate. All of the isolates had high rates of AMR to medicines that are critical/highly important in human and animal medicine. A higher incidence of AMR was found in poultry farms. Our findings show that AMR, including MDR, is common in coli, Salmonella spp., commonly found in poultry. The study promotes the development of national policies, programs, and additional research based on a "One Health" approach that helps humans and animals, as well as the environment.
Investigation of Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in Schools in Salt Lake City, Utah
Authors: Mendoza Daniel L , Benney Tabitha M , Bares Ryan , Fasoli Benjamin , Anderson Corbin , Gonzales Shawn A , Crosman Erik T , Hoch Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Every day around 93% of children under the age of 15 (1.8 billion children) breathe outdoor air that is so polluted it puts their health and development at serious risk. Due to the pandemic, however, ventilation of buildings using outdoor air has become an important safety technique to prevent the spread of COVID-19. With the mounting ev-idence suggesting that air pollution is impactful to human health and educational out-comes, this contradictory guidance may be problematic in schools with higher air pol-lution levels, but keeping kids COVID-19 free and in school to receive their education is now more pressing than ever. To understand if all schools in an urban area are ex-posed to similar outdoor air quality and if school infrastructure protects children equally indoors, we installed research grade sensors to observe PM2.5 concentrations in indoor and outdoor settings to understand how unequal exposure to indoor and out-door air pollution impacts indoor air quality among high- and low-income schools in Salt Lake City, Utah. Based on this approach, we found that during atmospheric inver-sions and dust events, there was a lag ranging between 35 to 73 minutes for the out-door PM2.5 concentrations to follow a similar temporal pattern as the indoor PM2.5. This lag has policy and health implications and may help to explain the rising concerns re-garding reduced educational outcomes related to air pollution in urban areas. These data and resulting analysis show that poor air quality may impact school settings, and the potential implications with respect to environmental inequality.
A escalada neoconservadora e a agenda antigênero: o caso da participação do Brasil na Cúpula Demográfica de Budapeste
Authors: Furini Soares Felipe , Martinez Ricoldi Arlene
Published: January 2022

Este artigo busca analisar o significado da participação do Brasil na III Cúpula Demográfica de Budapeste. Esse encontro é derivado de uma série de eventos que ocorrem desde 2015, a partir da ascensão do governo de extrema-direita de Viktor Orbán. Com o objetivo de pensar o enfrentamento ao declínio populacional, a partir de estratégias anti-imigração e pró-família, o evento vem se posicionando como um contraponto às conferências da ONU. Enquanto percurso metodológico, partimos de pesquisa on-line e documental no site dos organizadores da cúpula e do governo brasileiro para, posteriormente, utilizarmos a análise crítica do discurso (ACD) para o pronunciamento da ministra Damares Alves durante o evento, com reflexão a partir dos estudos feministas pós-estruturalistas. O que se apura é uma inflexão do Brasil à agenda neoconservadora e antigênero, se associando a países de extrema-direita, fundamentalistas e contrários à defesa de direitos humanos. O discurso proferido instrumentaliza noções demográficas para camuflar suas perspectivas ideológicas em relação ao gênero, emprestando ares de discurso científico aos ataques aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e às noções de família não tradicionais.
Uma avaliação empírica do tamanho ótimo dos municípios
Authors: Silva Moreira Tito Belchior , Scott Kilson Anna Rita , Vila Nova de Souza Celso
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de realizar uma investigação empírica sobre o tamanho ótimo dos municípios, isto é, a quantidade de habitantes que propicia o menor nível de despesas em relação ao PIB municipal, de modo que se obtenha escala econômica para otimização da aplicação dos recursos públicos. Este estudo analisa uma amostra de dados de 4.835 municípios com população inferior a 50.000 habitantes, que representam 89% do total de municípios brasileiros. A base de dados reúne informações de receitas e despesas municipais, extraídas do Finanças do Brasil – Dados Contábeis dos Municípios – Finbra 2010 e dados socioeconômicos do Censo Demográfico do IBGE 2010 e do PIB dos municípios do IBGE 2010. Os resultados empíricos indicam que o tamanho ótimo de população para um município brasileiro equivale aproximadamente a 31.667 habitantes por cidade, com base em métodos econométricos como mínimos quadrados ordinários com desvio padrão robusto. Esse porte populacional proporciona ganhos de escala na administração pública e confere maior autonomia local em relação ao governo central para ofertar bens públicos de qualidade.
The study of helium ionization process stability in the channel of plasma accelerator
Authors: Konovalov Venyamin Sergeevich
Published: January 2022

Numerical study of the ionization process stability in a flow of ionizing helium in the channel of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator is presented. The model of two-dimensional axisymmetric flows is based on the modified MHD equations for the multicomponent medium consisting of atoms, electrons, and multiply charged ions with different ionization multiplicity. The numerical model takes into account the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Results of modeling of the ionizing gas flows and the integral characteristics of the radiation are presented. As a result of a series of calculations, the empirical condition for the stability of ionizing helium flows was obtained in terms of the experimentally measured parameters.
Damage to the Cardiovascular System in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection. Part 1: Predictors of the Development of an Unfavorable Prognosis
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Tarzimanova A. I. , Bragina A. E. , Shvedov I. I. , Bykova E. E. , Ivannikov A. A. , Vasilyeva L. V.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effect of sinus tachycardia and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the prognosis of patients with a verified diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.

Material and methods. The study included 1,637 patients with a verified diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. The average age of the patients was 58.8±16.1 years. More than half of the patients admitted to the hospital had a history of cardiovascular diseases: hypertension was diagnosed in 915 (56%) patients, coronary artery disease – in 563 (34%), chronic heart failure – in 410 (25%). 294 (17.9%) patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. The unfavorable course of new coronavirus infection was assessed by the fact of being in the intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation and death.

Results. An unfavorable course of coronavirus infection was observed in 160 (9.8%) patients. Statistical analysis revealed that 341 (20.8%) patients with COVID-19 were diagnosed with sinus tachycardia, which required the appointment of pulse-reducing therapy. The occurrence of sinus tachycardia in patients with COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio [OR] 1.248, confidence interval [CI] 1.038-1.499, p=0.018), increased the likelihood of mechanical ventilation use (OR 1.451, CI 1.168-1.803, p<0.001) and stay in the ICU (OR 1.440, CI 1.166-1.778, p<0.001).

In 97 (5.9%) patients during hospital stay during echocardiography, a decrease in LVEF of less than 50% was diagnosed. A decrease in myocardial contractile function in patients with COVID-19 with high reliability increased the risk of death (OR 1.744, CI 1.348-2.256, p<0.001), increased the likelihood of using the mechanical ventilation (OR 1.372, CI 1.047-1.797, p=0.022) and stay in the ICU (OR 1.360, CI 1.077-1.716, p=0.010).

Conclusion. The appearance of sinus tachycardia and reduced LVEF are in dependent predictors of the unfavorable course of COVID-19 in relation to factors such as death, the use of mechanical ventilation and the stay of patients in the ICU. Early pharmacological correction of cardiovascular lesions should be one of the goals of the management theese patients.
PCSK9 Inhibitors in Clinical Practice: Experience of a Specialized Lipid Center
Authors: Blokhina A. V. , Ershova A. I. , Limonova A. S. , Kopylova O. V. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To characterize patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors, and assess the efficiency of their treatment in a specialized lipid center.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who visited the Lipid clinic of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (Moscow, Russia), receiving PCSK9 inhibitor and having lipid profile in dynamics, was carried out (n=77). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target levels were evaluated in accordance with the Russian guidelines for the diagnostics and correction of dyslipidemias 2020.

Results. Of 77 patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors (44.2% males, the median of age 56 [47; 66] years), the majority (64.0%) had a probable or definite familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The proportion of other lipid metabolism disorders, pure hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia was 21% and 15%. More than half of the patients (68.8%) had a very high CVR, mainly due to the presence of coronary heart disease (84.9%). The proportion of patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors as monotherapy was 7.8%, in combination with high-intensity statin therapy – 33.8%, as part of triple lipid-lowering therapy (high-intensity statin, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors) – 50.6%. Addition of PCSK9 inhibitors to combined lipid-lowering therapy enabled to reduce the LDL-C level to 1.02 [0.62; 1.39] mmol/l with its total decrease from the baseline by 87.3%. While taking PCSK9 inhibitors, LDL-C <1.8 mmol/l and <1.4 mmol/l achieved at 78.3% and 57.7% FH patients with high and very high CVR, respectively. Among patients with other hyperlipidemias, 74.1% of patients with very high CVR was achieved the target LDL-C level <1.4 mmol/l.

Conclusion: In a specialized lipid center, PCSK9 inhibitors are prescribed to patients with high or very high CVR, most of whom are FH patients. The effectiveness of the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in real-world practice is comparable to the results of clinical trials.
Hyperuricemia: Features of the Diet
Authors: Shvabskaia O. B. , Izmailova O. V. , Karamnova N. S. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: January 2022

The association of hyperuricemia (HU) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease has been demonstrated in numerous studies. НU is the main pathogenetic factor in the development of gout and is associated with an increase in overall and cardiovascular mortality. НU is included in the list of factors determining cardiovascular risk. According to epidemiological studies, there is a high prevalence of HU in the world and its increase in recent decades. A number of factors have been identified that contribute to the increased risk of НU. Non-modifiable factors include gender, age, genetic factors, and modifiable factors include diet and lifestyle. Nutritional unbalances, increased life expectancy, increased prevalence of obesity, and increased use of drugs (especially diuretics) are seen as contributing factors to the rise in НU. The review was carried out to summarize the available information on the effect of dietary habits, individual foods and nutrients on serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of developing HU. The review presents the results of scientific studies demonstrating the relationship of НU with the consumption of foods rich in purines (offal, red meat, fish, seafood, legumes), alcohol consumption, drinks sweetened with fructose, coffee, dairy products, vegetables and fruits. Diet correction is an important and necessary step in the prevention and treatment of НU. The article reviews the basic principles of dietary management in HU and provides dietary recommendations for patients. For effective prevention and treatment of НU, a mandatory correction of the diet is required.
Anticoagulants after Discharge in Patients with COVID-19: What we Know at the End of 2021
Authors: Yavelov I. S.
Published: January 2022

This review discusses reasons for prolonged use of anticoagulants after discharge of patients with COVID-19 without additional indication for anticoagulation. Data regarding rate of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from the hospital are presented. Large randomized controlled trials EXCLAIM, ADOPT, MAGELLAN, APEX  and MARINER with prolonged use of anticoagulants in patients hospitalized  with acute nonsurgical diseases  before pandemia  of COVID-19 are discussed.  The first prospective  randomized controlled  trial MICHELLE with direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban in a dose 10 mg once daily after discharge of patients with COVID-19 with high risk at least venous thromboembolism are analyzed. It seems that the most relevant approach  for the determination  of indications for prolonged use of anticoagulants in doses dedicated for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism after discharge of patients with COVID-19 without apparent indication for anticoagulation is a modified IMPROVE VTE risk score with the addition of elevated in-hospital D-dimer  level. And the most well-studied approach  for anticoagulation in these patients is a direct peroral anticoagulant rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 35 (and  possibly up to 45) days after discharge.
The Scale of Quantitative Assessment Adherence to Treatment «QAA-25»: Updating of Formulations, Constructive and Factor Validity and a Measure of Consent
Authors: Nikolaev N. A. , Skirdenko Yu. P. , Balabanova A. A. , Gorbenko A. V. , Andreev K. A. , Fedorin M. M. , Livzan M. A. , Chebanenko E. V. , Usov G. M.
Published: January 2022

Aim: To update the definitions of selected questions of the "QAA-25" (quantitative adherence assessment) scale and evaluate it according to the criteria of validity and measure of agreement.

Materials and Methods. In a descriptive cross-sectional study including 200 patients with coronary heart disease, adherence was determined using traditional and alternative versions of selected questions of the QAA-25 scale, followed by assessment of construct validity, factor validity, and measure of agreement.

Results. Alternative question versions did not significantly affect test results, with 81% of respondents in the outpatient sample and 69% in the inpatient sample rating them as "more acceptable." The QAA-25 scale has good construct and internal validity (α – 0.818, αst – 0.832), with moderate agreement (κ – 0.562) and demonstrates high reliability of internal validity – when scale items are consistently excluded, α values remain in the 0.801-0.839 range.

Conclusion. The QAA-25 scale with modified question definitions should be used instead of the previous version of the scale. Good construct validity and factor validity, sufficient measure of agreement and specificity, high sensitivity and reliability of the QAA-25 scale allow to recommend it as a tool for assessing adherence to drug therapy, medical support, lifestyle modification and integral adherence to treatment in scientific and clinical practice.
Prehospital Period in Patients with COVID-19: Cardiovascular Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy During the First Epidemic Wave (Hospital Registry Data)
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Lukyanov M. M. , Pulin M. M. , Kutishenko N. P. , Andreenko E. Yu. , Voronina V. P. , Dindikova V. A. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Zagrebelnyy A. V. , Lerman O. V. , Makoveeva A. N. , Okshina E. Yu. , Smirnov A. A. , Kudryashov E. V. , Budaeva I. V. , Nikoshnova E. S. , Karpov O. E. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: January 2022

Aim. Based on the data from the register of patients with COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), analyze the duration of the prehospital period, cardiovascular comorbidity and the quality of prehospital pharmacotherapy of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Material and methods. Patients were included to the study which admitted to the FSBI "NMHC named after N.I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or CAP. The data for prehospital therapy, information from medical histories and a patients’survey in the hospital or by telephone contact 1-2 weeks after discharge were study. The duration of the prehospital stage was determined from the date of the appearance of clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection to the date of hospitalization.

Results. The average age of the patients (n=1130; 579 [51.2%] men and 551 [48.8%] women) was 57.5±12.8 years. The prehospital stage was 7 (5,0; 10,0) days and did not differ significantly in patients with the presence and absence of CVD, but was significantly less in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required artificial lung ventilation (ALV). 583 (51.6%) patients had at least one CVD. Cardiovascular comorbidity was registered in 222 (42.7%) patients with hypertension, 210 (95.5%) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 104 (91.2%) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The inclusion of non-cardiac chronic diseases in the analysis led to an increase in the total proportion of patients with concomitant diseases to 65.8%. Approximately a quarter of hypertensive patients did not receive antihypertensive therapy, a low proportion of patients receiving antiplatelet agents and statins for CHD was revealed – 53% and 31.8%, respectively, anticoagulants for AF – 50.9%.

Conclusion. The period from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was significantly shorter in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required ALV. The proportion of people with a history of at least one CVD was about half of the entire cohort of patients. In patients with CVD before COVID-19 disease, a low frequencies of prescribing antihypertensive drugs, statins, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants (in patients with AF) were recorded at the prehospital stage.
Cardiovascular Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Relationship and Pathogenetic Aspects of Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Nelidova A. V. , Livzan M. A. , Nikolaev N. A. , Krolevets T. S.
Published: January 2022

The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular risk is currently one of the actively studied areas. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty  liver disease continues to grow worldwide. In the structure of mortality rate of patients with non-alcoholic fatty  liver disease,  the first place is occupied by cardiovascular events: stroke and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that the presence of severe liver fibrosis (F3-4) in NAFLD not only increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but also increases the risk  of  overall  mortality  by  69%  due  to mortality from cardiovascular causes. The degree of increased risk is associated with the degree of activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the large number of works on this topic, we do not have a clear opinion on the impact on cardiovascular risk, interaction and the contribution of various factors, as well as algorithms for managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This article describes the pathogenetic factors of formation of cardiovascular risks in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, proposed the idea of stratification of cardiovascular risks in these patients, taking into account changes in the structure of the liver (fibrosis) and function (clinical and biochemical activity) and also it describes the main directions of drug therapy, taking into account the common pathogenetic mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The role of obesity, local fat depots, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction as the leading pathogenetic factors of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD is discussed. Among pathogenetically justified drugs in conditions of poly and comorbidity, hypolipidemic (statins, fibrates), angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, etc. can be considered. According to numerous studies, it becomes obvious that the assessment of cardiovascular risks in patients with NAFLD will probably allow prescribing cardiological drugs, selecting individualized therapy regimens, taking into account the form of NAFLD, and on the other hand, building curation taking into account the identified cardiovascular risks.