bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of High-flux Ion Source for Size-selected Nanocluster Ions Based on High-power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Tsunoyama Hironori , Zhang Chuhang , Akatsuka Hiroki , Sekiya Hiroki , Nagase Tomomi , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: August 2013

In this study, we have developed a highly intensive ion source of size-selected nanoclusters based on a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering method. The maximum intensity of the size-selected silver nanocluster anions exceeded that of standard ion sources by more than ten times. The high intensity in the present method was achieved by the high throughput of the ion optics and the high ionization fraction. Fine tuning of the nanocluster size distributions was also demonstrated.
Redox Behavior of Uranium(VI) Adsorbed onto a Phosphate-modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode
Authors: Suzuki Yoshinori , Nankawa Takuya , Ohnuki Toshihiko
Published: August 2013

The redox behavior of U(VI) adsorbed onto a phosphate-modified indium tin oxide (PM-ITO) electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and was compared with that in an aqueous solution at pH 4.0. It was discovered that the reduction potential of U(VI) adsorbed onto the electrode to U(IV) was much more positive than that of UO22+ in the solution. This finding suggests that the adsorption of uranium onto the PM-ITO changes the equilibrium of uranium redox reaction.
Tuning Thermal Stability, Photoluminescent Wavelength, and Optical Anisotropy of Oligothiophenes with Pyridyl End Groups by Using a Hydrogen-bonded Photocrosslinkable Liquid-crystalline Polymer Film
Authors: Kondo Mizuho , Miyake Jun-ichi , Okumoto Kentaro , Shoji Hiroshi , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro
Published: August 2013

Asymmetric oligothiophenes with pyridine end groups, coated on a uniaxially aligned acid polymer film and subsequently annealed, exhibited large dichroism and linearly polarized photoluminescence parallel to the orientation direction of the aligned film. Furthermore, sublimation of the thiophenes during annealing was suppressed due to interaction with the acidic film.
Photoresponse on the Desorption of an Atomic Hydrogen on Titanium Dioxide Surface Induced by a Tip of Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Minato Taketoshi , Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Kawai Maki , Kim Yousoo
Published: August 2013

The photoresponses on the desorption of atomic hydrogen (H) from a titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface, induced by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, were investigated under irradiation of the surface with ultraviolet (UV) photons. On UV irradiation, an increase in the reaction yield of H desorption from the TiO2 surface was observed. The mechanism of the increase in the H desorption yield observed under UV irradiation is discussed.
Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Iodine-Terminated Polyethylenes by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Derivatization
Authors: Zaikin Vladimir G. , Borisov Roman S. , Polovkov Nikolai Yu. , Zhilyaev Dmitry I. , Vinogradov Aleksei A. , Ivanyuk Aleksei V.
Published: August 2013

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, in conjunction with various derivatization approaches, have been applied to structure determination of individual oligomers and molecular-mass distributions ( MMD) in low-molecular mass polyethylene having an iodine terminus. Direct GC/MS analysis has shown that the samples under investigation composed of polyethyelene-iodides (major components) and n-alkanes. Exchange reaction with methanol in the presence of NaOH gave rise to methoxy-derivatives and n-alkenes. Electron ionization mass spectra have shown that the former contained terminal methoxy groups indicating the terminal position of the iodine atom in the initial oligomers. MMD parameters have been determined with the aid of MALDI mass spectrometry followed by preliminary derivatization-formation of covalently bonded charge through the reaction of iodides with triphenylphosphine, trialkylamines, pyridine or quinoline. The mass spectra revealed well-resolved peaks for cationic parts of derivatized oligomers allowing the determination of MMD. The latter values have been compared with those calculated from GC/MS data.
The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market
Authors: Autor David H , Dorn David
Published: August 2013

We offer a unified analysis of the growth of low-skill service occupations between 1980 and 2005 and the concurrent polarization of US employment and wages. We hypothesize that polarization stems from the interaction between consumer preferences, which favor variety over specialization, and the falling cost of automating routine, codifiable job tasks. Applying a spatial equilibrium model, we corroborate four implications of this hypothesis. Local labor markets that specialized in routine tasks differentially adopted information technology, reallocated low-skill labor into service occupations (employment polarization), experienced earnings growth at the tails of the distribution (wage polarization), and received inflows of skilled labor. (JEL J24, J31, R23)
Regional Effects of Trade Reform: What is the Correct Measure of Liberalization?
Authors: Kovak Brian K
Published: August 2013

A growing body of research examines the regional effects of trade liberalization using a weighted average of trade policy changes across industries. This paper develops a specific-factors model of regional economies that provides a theoretical foundation for this intuitively appealing empirical approach and also provides guidance on treatment of the nontraded sector. In the context of Brazil's early 1990s trade liberalization, I find that regions facing a 10 percentage point larger liberalization-induced price decline experienced a 4 percentage point larger wage decline. The results also confirm the empirical relevance of appropriately dealing with the nontraded sector. (JEL F13, F16, O19, O24)
Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment
Authors: Xie Yu , Killewald Alexandra
Published: August 2013

Using historical census and survey data, Long and Ferrie (2013) found a significant decline in social mobility in the United States from 1880 to 1973. We present two critiques of the Long-Ferrie study. First, the data quality of the Long-Ferrie study is more limiting than the authors acknowledge. Second, and more critically, they applied a method ill-suited for measuring social mobility of farmers in a comparative study between 1880 and 1973, a period in which the proportion of farmers dramatically declined in the United States. We show that Long and Ferrie's main conclusion is all driven by this misleading result for farmers. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N51, N52)
Geochemical Characterization of Released Bound Biomarkers by Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Ordovician Source Rock from Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Wang Qingtao , Lu Hong , Jiang Linxiang , Peng Ping'an , Liu Jinzhong , Zeng Jian
Published: August 2013

The Salgan and Yingan shales in the Keping area are Middle and Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks in the Tarim Basin, north-western China. Complete distribution of n-alkanes and isoprenoids can be obtained from the source rocks, while general terpanes ( m/z 191) and steranes (m/z 217) were totally absent. Therefore, kerogens in these rocks were further treated by catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) to obtain more biomarker information. As an efficient technique, Hypy successfully released bound terpanes and steranes. Furthermore, some maturity parameters were calculated. Based on the values of these parameters, the effective Ro value of bound biomarkers in Salgan and Yingan shale was deduced to be in the range of 0.7–0.75% and 0.65–0.73%, respectively. Considering the artificial heating effect in HyPy technique, relatively lower values would be expected to the maturity of the bound biomarkers. Therefore, the incorporation of bound biomarkers into kerogen should occur even earlier, before the Ro value reached 0.65%—that is, prior to oil generation window. For both the Salgan and Yingan shales, neither high maturity nor magmatic hydrothermal effects during the Permian were responsible for the loss of free biomarkers. The simplex organic matter input dominated by acritarchs might be the possible reason for the absence of free biomarkers.
A Semantic Analysis Approach to Thin-Shell Ceramic Fragment Classification
Authors: Aryafar Kamelia , Jeppson Patrice L.
Published: August 2013

In this paper we introduce the Independence National Historical Park dataset, a freely-available collection of thin-shell ceramic fragments, images and metadata for these images. We describe the contents of this dataset and its possible uses in vessel and decorative pattern classification of thin-shell ceramic artifacts. We will employ computer vision algorithms to help automate the ceramic classifications used in archaeological vessel reconstructions. This methodology promises significant time and cost savings for the laboratory mending of ceramic objects, freeing scarce human resources to focus on the analyses of objects needed to produce new history insights. We propose a vector space model of pyramid histogram of visual words (PHOW) that can, in turn, be used by a supervised learning schema for decorative pattern classification. Inspired by explicit semantic analysis of textual documents using term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf), a tf-idf model is proposed to represent thin-shell ceramic artifacts. The effectiveness of this representation is then demonstrated in decorative pattern classification using various machine learning classification algorithms, including support vector machines (SVMs) and k-nearest neighbor clustering.
Case Report: Tuberculosis IRIS: a mediastinal problem
Authors: Valentin Leonardo , DiNardo Andrew , Chiao Elizabeth , Woc-Colburn Laila , Nachiappan Arun
Published: August 2013

We present a case of a 39-year-old male patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who developed Mycobacterium tuberculosis related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) treatment. The inflammatory response resulted in mediastinal necrotic lymphadenopathy and subsequent perforation of the esophageal wall.
FORMATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Арасланова Анастасия , Araslanova Anastasiya
Published: August 2013

This article examines international and Russian experience of quality control, in particular ISO 9001:2000 (GOST R ISO 9000–2001), TQM/TQE, EFQM, CHEPS, to ensure the quality as the most important means of achieving the competitiveness of national educational institutions. Quality control is needed in the long term, in order to unify the processes of control, security and guarantee the quality of educational services.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DECISION-MAKING IN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Петрова Ирина , Petrova Irina
Published: August 2013

The article analyzes the stages of decision-making by decisionmaker and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the decision; studies in detail the factors that influence at the effect of management decisions. The author proposes decision-making algorithm, the scheme to achieve maximum relevance of the effects of management decisions.
Procedure surface of the basis risk management system
Authors: Соколов Дмитрий , Sokolov Dmitriy , Барчуков Алексей , Barchukov Alyeksyey
Published: August 2013

The article describes the complex of the procedures that consists of exposure, measurement and risk assessment of association activity, formulation and setting up steps for their control, either monitoring, performance evaluation of basis risk-management system, a control of its realization and information managing. The author offers the methodological recommendations about priority points and realization of given procedures.
Funder and fundee attitudes to the support of church-based community projects by charitable grant-making trusts
Authors: Parker Susan , Morgan Gareth G.
Published: August 2013

Obtaining support from grant-making trusts is a crucial element in the fundraising strategies of many third sector organisations. But while there is an extensive literature on crafting successful grant applications and on the funding policies of trusts, there has been little consideration of the attitudes of funders and fundees and the impact of these attitudes on the application process. Churches are one, relatively unstudied part of the third sector, especially in terms of external fundraising. This article considers the relationships between churches and grant-making trusts, based on attitudinal data from both parties. The findings show that, while in general grant-making trusts will fund churches undertaking community projects, the onus is on the churches to prove they are not proselytising. It was also found that the ability of churches to explain their charitable status effectively, and thereby demonstrate that they are within the scope of trust funding, is limited through their own poor understanding of this status.
The concept of ‘civil society’: different understandings and their implications for third sector policies
Authors: Evers Adalbert
Published: August 2013

Civil society is often used as a point of reference in public and welfare policies. However, there are various notions of civil society. The most popular concept broadly equates it with the ‘third sector’. A second concept sees the key to a more civil society mainly in the public domain with its ability for intermediation. Finally, there is a third notion, arguing that a more civil society takes shape through a struggle to strengthen civility and civicness throughout society. This article outlines these three approaches and their respective strengths and weaknesses. With an eye on public policies and welfare reform, it is argued that the first approach tends to limit questions about civil society to issues of strengthening third sector-based service provision. Such a focus, however, marginalises the potential offered by the other two approaches for analysing gains and losses in civility and civicness across society at large.
Third sector perspectives versus business sense: one charity's quest for social enterprise to help London' homeless
Authors: Leadbeater Simon
Published: August 2013

This practice paper sets out to understand the failure of one charity's quest to establish a social enterprise, reaching, as it did, for a solution without understanding how or even whether social enterprises would help the charity's beneficiaries. Ultimately a social business has been established at the charity's premises, but by an external organisation thinking quite differently from its host. The paper concludes with lessons for other organisations considering social enterprise activity.
Thermodynamic description of Np(VI) solubility, hydrolysis, and redox behavior in dilute to concentrated alkaline NaCl solutions
Authors: Gaona Xavier , Fellhauer David , Altmaier Marcus
Published: August 2013

The solubility of Np(VI) was investigated in carbonate-free NaCl solutions (0.1 M ≤ I ≤ 5.0 M) at T = 22 ± 2 °C to derive thermodynamic properties of aqueous species and solid compounds formed under alkaline conditions. The experimentally derived solubility curves can be divided into four main regions: (I) ~7 ≤ pHm ≤ ~9, showing a steep decrease in Np solubility with a slope (log [Np] vs. pHm) of –3 or –2 (depending on NaCl concentration); (II) ~9 ≤ pHm ≤ ~10.5, with a nearly pH-independent [Np]; (III) ~10.5 ≤ pHm ≤ ~13.5, showing an increase in the solubility with a well-defined slope of +1. A region (IV) with a slope ≥ +2 was only observed at I ≥ 1.0 M NaCl and pHm ≥ ~13.5. The solubility-controlling solid Np phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), confirming the presence of anhydrous Na2Np2O7(cr) in regions II and III. The same solid phase was identified in region I except for the system in 0.1 M NaCl, where a NpO2(OH)2·H2O(cr) phase predominates. XRD patterns of this solid phase show a very good agreement with that of metaschoepite (UO3·2H2O), highlighting the similarities between Np(VI) and U(VI) with respect to solid phase formation and structure. Based on the analysis of solubility data, solid phase characterization and chemical analogy with U(VI), the equilibrium reactions 0.5 Na2Np2O7(cr) + 1.5 H2O ⬄ Na+ + NpO2(OH)3
– and 0.5 Na2Np2O7(cr) + 2.5 H2O ⬄ Na+ + NpO2(OH)4
2– + H+ were identified as controlling Np(VI) solubility in regions II and III, respectively. The predominance of NpO2
+ in the aqueous phase of region I (quantified by UV–vis/NIR) indicates the reductive dissolution of Np(VI) [either as Na2Np2O7(cr) or NpO2(OH)2·H2O(cr)] to Np(V)aq. Oxidation to Np(VII) can explain the experimental observations in region IV, although it is not included in the chemical and thermodynamic models derived. The conditional equilibrium constants determined from the solubility experiments at different ionic strengths were evaluated with both the specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and Pitzer approaches. Thermodynamic data for aqueous Np(VI) species [NpO2(OH)3
– and NpO2(OH)4
2–] and solid compounds [Na2Np2O7(cr) and NpO2(OH)2·H2O(cr)] that are relevant under alkaline conditions were derived. These data are not currently included in the Nuclear Energy Agency-Thermochemical Database (NEA-TDB) compilation.
A New Type of Major-Power Relationship: Seeking a Durable Foundation for U.S.-China Ties
Authors: Lampton David M.
Published: August 2013

This essay considers recent calls for a new major-power relationship between the U.S. and China and examines concrete steps that both countries could take to pursue such a relationship.
China's Transition to a More Credible Nuclear Deterrent: Implications and Challenges for the United States
Authors: Chase Michael S.
Published: August 2013

This article examines the modernization of China's nuclear missile force and assesses the implications for the U.S.
Expanding Contacts to Enhance Durability: A Strategy for Improving U.S.-China Military-to-Military Relations
Authors: Harold Scott W.
Published: August 2013

This article examines U.S.-China military-to-military relations and outlines a strategy for improving ties by expanding contacts across a range of functional areas.
Policy Succession and the Next Cross-Strait Crisis
Authors: Gilley Bruce
Published: August 2013

This article argues that China's policy on Taiwan is likely to evolve toward political engagement as a result of the multiple actions of policy actors rather than politicians on both sides.
A Place for Ecopedagogy in Community Literacy
Authors: Davis Rhonda
Published: August 2013

Educators focused on community literacy and public engagement have access to a unique critical platform from which larger social issues that impact us both as a whole and on very personal levels are open to exploration. Being particularly situated to have significant impact on community, literacy work in this area may require uncommon pedagogical strategies. Based on its comprehensive focus on sustainability, ecological literacy, sociopolitical factors that affect communities, and a multitude of other factors that underpin social injustice, ecopedagogy may be uniquely positioned to offer a more holistic view than other composition pedagogies such as place-based education and ecocomposition.
La Hermandad and Chicanas Organizing: The Community Rhetoric of the Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional
Authors: Leon Kendall
Published: August 2013

To address the need for situated accounts of community rhetoric, this article examines the legacy of the first Chicana feminist organization, the Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional ( CFMN ). The CFMN and their archival collection provide[d] Chicanas an education about how to interpret, be and act in the world. To invent a rhetorical identity, and an organization that makes change, the CFMN 1) invoked a remembering of a Chicana history of policy making to incite other Chicanas into political action, and 2) strategically drew on the use of the Chicana concept of “ La Hermandad” to define a particular Chicana method of collectivity.
Becoming Qualified to Teach Low-literate Refugees: A Case Study of One Volunteer Instructor
Authors: Perry Kristen H.
Published: August 2013

This case study investigates Carolyn, an effective volunteer ESL and literacy instructor of adult African refugees, in order to understand both what it means to be a qualified instructor, and also how community-based volunteer instructors may become more qualified. The study’s findings suggest that Carolyn’s qualifications are a combination of personal dispositions, such as cultural sensitivity, and professional behaviors, including self-education, seeking mentoring and outside expertise, and purposeful reflection on her teaching. Several implications for supporting community-based volunteer literacy and ESL instructors emerge from these findings.
Literacy as an Act of Creative Resistance: Joining the Work of Incarcerated Teaching Artists at a Maximum-Security Prison
Authors: Plemons Anna
Published: August 2013

Considering the situated complexities and competing interest of exploitation and hope inherent in community literacy work, this article examines the ways that the Community Arts Program (CAP) at California State Prison-Sacramento complicates and also reifies archetypal grand literacy narratives and considers the place of such narratives within a broader argument for literacy as acts of creative resistance scaffolded by small, organic, tactical moves.
Constructing Adult Literacies at a Local Literacy Tutor-Training Program
Authors: Roderick Ryan
Published: August 2013

This study investigates how literacy was constructed at an adult literacy organization’s volunteer tutor-training program. By drawing on qualitative analysis of training texts used during training, such as training evaluations, and data gathered from interviews with experienced tutors, it is possible to identify the assumptions about literacy constructed by the training program and tutors’ training practices. Tutors seemed to present mixed assumptions about literacy: students simultaneously were given authority over their own literacy practices and literacy goals, while a sentiment of universally valued reading and writing skills was also present in terms of achieving fluency.
After Cannibal Tours : Cargoism and Marginality in a Post-touristic Sepik River Society
Authors: Silverman Eric K
Published: August 2013

This article challenges the ethical allegory of the widely hailed film Cannibal Tours, drawing on two decades of ethnographic research in the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea, most recently in 2010. First, I sketch the contemporary plight of a middle Sepik, Iatmul-speaking community that yearns for a “road” to modernity and tourism but increasingly sees itself as “going backwards.” Second, I argue that tourism allows middle Sepik inhabitants to express artistically subtle messages about contemporary gender, identity, and sociality in the Melanesian postcolony. Third, I demonstrate what happens when the tourists go home. And almost all of them have done so, especially after the sale of the tourist ship, the Mela nesian Discoverer, in 2006. Tragically, the recent decline in tourism corresponds to a dramatic degradation of “basic services” offered by provincial and national authorities, and a devastating flood during the 2009–2010 rainy season. Facing all this, Iatmul feel increasingly disenfranchised, despondent, and desperate to attract new tourists and to discover, after a century of unfilled commodity desires, the source of material plenitude locally associated with modernity. Toward this aim, villagers now speak about something I never expected to hear in this once prosperous community: narratives about deceased kin, voyaging back to the village like ghostly tourists on a numinous ship, striving to bring local people wealth and commodities, only to be barred by Europeans. What happens after Cannibal Tours? The ideology of a cargo cult.
The Corporate Food Regime and Food Sovereignty in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Plahe Jagjit Kaur , Hawkes Shona , Ponnamperuma Sunil
Published: August 2013

Using food regime analysis, this paper explores how neoliberal agricultural policies are affecting food sovereignty in Pacific Island countries ( pic s). The principles of food sovereignty are strongly rooted in Pacific Islands agricultural practices. However, under the corporate food regime, the locus of control for food security is shifting away from communities and the nation-state to the world market. It is argued that food sovereignty in the Pacific Islands is being undermined through membership in the World Trade Organization ( wto ), wto accession agreements, and regional free-trade agreements. These agreements seek to reduce tariffs, curtail government support to local agriculture, and oblige pic s to extend private property protection to plants and seeds. Driven by commercial interests, trade agreements are also facilitating control of communal lands by the private sector, which has serious implications for food sovereignty.
Mai te hau Roma ra te huru: The Illusion of “Autonomy” and the Ongoing Struggle for Decolonization in French Polynesia
Authors: Gonschor Lorenz
Published: August 2013

From a French perspective, French Polynesia is often described as an overseas territory that has been virtually decolonized through the granting of statutes of autonomy. In stark contrast, pro-independence local political parties still consider the country a colony and have successfully lobbied for a process of decolonization under United Nations oversight. This article assesses these competing claims through an analysis of the political evolution of the territory since World War II. The analysis shows that French Polynesia has never been genuinely decolonized. In the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, the French government arbitrarily pulled the territory out of all available international or French domestic decolonization processes, subjecting it to an anachronistic restoration of colonial authority that included the arrest and long-term imprisonment of its major political leader and a series of other unusually undemocratic measures. This led to, and culminated in, the construction of a nuclear testing facility, with tremendous environmental, health, and economic consequences during the following three decades. Later, after giving in to local protests demanding autonomy, France misused that concept not only to cover up a de-facto continuity of colonial rule but also to create a corrupt authoritarian local government favorable to French interests. Recent actions taken and attitudes demonstrated by the French government and its representatives, including repeated arbitrary modifications of the rules of local politics and meddling therein in order to secure their favorites in power, have shown that French colonialism in French Polynesia is alive and well. An international campaign for the decolonization of the country is thus clearly warranted.
The Reverend Stephen Dedalus, S.J.: Sacramental Structure in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Authors: Farrell Kevin
Published: August 2013

This article explores Joyce's anachronistic approach to the bildungsroman in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man through a study of the novel's structure. Throughout the first four chapters of A Portrait , Joyce uses the Catholic sacraments as a model of arrangement to chart Stephen's development towards the artist's vocation. Tracing explicit and implicit references to the sacraments in the novel, I argue that Stephen undergoes—either figuratively or literally—baptism, reconciliation, communion, and confirmation before being offered the opportunity to receive holy orders. Once he rejects the priesthood, a new model of arrangement emerges, one that subverts the teleology of both the conventional bildungsroman and the sacraments themselves.
Of Sirens Silent and Loud: The Language Wars of Joyce and Kafka
Authors: Kager Maria
Published: August 2013

Neither James Joyce nor Franz Kafka was able to regard his native language as completely his own, yet neither chose to write in an alternative one. Instead, they attacked language as they wrote—an assault that both authors conducted by including foreign languages: Yiddish in the case of Kafka; Irish, Italian, Latin, and myriad others in the case of Joyce. This essay explores the ways in which Kafka and Joyce employ these foreign languages in their work. Where in Kafka the "other" languages are never present on the surface but are hid­den underneath his perfect standard German, in Joyce, conversely, the languages are in plain view. I suggest that these two different approaches are, in reality, two sides of the same linguistic coin.
Corpse-Chewers: The Vampire in Ulysses
Authors: Orem William
Published: August 2013

Stephen's elliptical cries "Chewer of corpses!" and "The corpsechewer!" in "Telemachus" and "Circe" have yet to receive a satisfactory gloss. This article proposes that Stephen is referring to the late-seventeenth-/early-eighteenth-century debate, in both clerical and popular circles, over corpses that chewed in their graves. These undead, which supposedly chewed their shrouds, their own bodies, and other corpses, were the original vampires, only later transformed by the Romantics into the more familiar, popular version of the myth. Two major treatises on chewing corpses are proposed as likely source material, followed by a suggestion about where Joyce may have run across them. If correct, this link open up new possibilities of understanding such diverse but linked topics as Stephen's relationship to vampirism, his mother, and Buck Mulligan.
A Cripped Erotic: Gender and Disability in James Joyce's "Nausicaa"
Authors: Bednarska Dominika
Published: August 2013

"Nausicaa" produces what I call a "cripped erotic" through its counter-narrative to disabled asexuality (particularly through Gerty's limp and her gendered disabled subjectivity) and a more nuanced understanding of how gender, desire, and disability function. It also challenges ocularcentric constructions of desire and heteronormative constructions of sex itself. Considering this episode, along with the use of the blind stripling in "Lestrygonians" and the text's emphasis on the olfactory, I argue for the text's sensory schema as a way of intervening in conceptions of gender, sexuality, and ability (what constitutes ability in and of itself).
ALP's Polyvocal Testimony in III.3: A Collaborative Interpretation
Authors: Devlin Kimberly J. , Zhang Mingming
Published: August 2013

Our essay provides a close reading of ALP's testimony during the inquest of Yawn, a section of Finnegans Wake that has received scant critical attention. We attempt, in part, to correct the interpretive slant that often renders ALP as HCE's savior. The highly ambiguous discourse of the dream's mother/wife contains many anxious suggestions of HCE's distrust of her and ALP's threats to him. It is simultaneously riddled by wishful promises, excuses, and exonerations. Earlier fears are reiterated for emphasis in her prolonged and confusing statements, and new ones are introduced: for example, anxieties about mariticide, petitions for divorce, and questionable medical practices. In her subtle and polyvocal testimony, ALP's speech in III.3 clearly foreshadows the disturbing dimensions of her final monologue.
The Fourth Gospel in Finnegans Wake : Joyce's Middle Way and "the point of eschatology"
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: August 2013

In this paper, I examine the influence of the Gospel of John on Joyce's aesthetic. My basic claim is that the gospel aided Joyce in charting a middle course between materialism (body without spirit) and spiritualism (spirit without body). After examining the temptations of flying too high (symbolism, mysticism, gnosticism) and flying too low (historicism, realism, materialism), I show how Joyce made use of the Johannine strategies of epiphany and realized eschatology to achieve a synthesis between these extremes. The essay is much indebted to two students of John—Rudolph Bultmann and Franz Mussner—who examined John's peculiar synthesis of fact and allegory. In addition, the scholar Jacques Aubert was indispensable for his analysis of a similar trajectory in Joyce's aesthetic.
Poetry in the Novels of Iris Murdoch
Authors: Brugmans Edith
Published: August 2013

Whereas the philosophy and novels of Iris Murdoch are discussed widely and thoroughly in academic and popular studies, the poetry in her novels is as yet an underresearched area. This essay offers a first attempt at classifying and interpreting Murdoch's use of poetry in her novels. My analysis shows that this poetry discloses the force of her moral thought. I argue that Murdoch's ambivalent appreciation of T. S. Eliot is a case in point.
Race and Existential Commitment in James Baldwin
Authors: Lapenson Bruce
Published: August 2013

James Baldwin's stark, apocalyptic, and rage-filled portrayals of the white and black American racial psyche can overwhelm his readers who, as a result, may not appreciate that he goes beyond describing. Baldwin's scathing critiques of American race relations may eclipse a fuller understanding of his work. What did Baldwin prescribe? He ended with each individual's inescapable commitment to all others, regardless of race. Similarly, existentialism's focus on unavoidable individual choice and freedom dims its message that when we act, we act for all. Baldwin shares with existentialism, as put forth in Jean Paul Sartre's Existentialism and Human Emotions , that we exist "in the midst of others."
From Passion to Affection: The Art of the Philosophical in Eighteenth-Century Poetics
Authors: Joy Louise
Published: August 2013

In much eighteenth-century British literary criticism, passion distinguishes poetry from philosophy, whose ideas are too abstract to evoke emotion. At the end of the century, however, William Wordsworth radically refuses this distinction between poetry and philosophy, rejecting the centrality of passion for poetry. Instead, developing ideas latent in the work of James Beattie, he places affection at the heart of his poetic theory. This essay uncovers "the affections" as a major site of meaning for Wordsworth: calm, rationalized emotions, they yoke together the philosophical and the poetical, enabling poetry not merely to stimulate emotion but moreover to think through it.
Thoreau's Evanescence
Authors: Slicer Deborah
Published: August 2013

According to Stanley Cavell, Thoreau finished the job Kant started. He shows us the externality of the world, of the "other"—the noumena, in Kant's parlance—while Kant only deduced the things-in-themselves as limits or conditions of knowledge. Insomuch as Thoreau pulls this off at Walden and in Walden , his contact is evanescent and he uses evanescence, the poetic device employed widely by the English Romantic poets, to communicate his experience.
Gen -, Shakespeare, Heidegger, and the Nature of Mortal Being
Authors: Brown Arthur A.
Published: August 2013

According to Heidegger, "mortals live in the speaking of language"—to respond genuinely to language is to bring human being into existence. The Indo-European root gen -, meaning "to beget"—with derivatives including "kin," "kind," "king," "generation," "gentle," "gender," "native," "nation," and "nature"—is an index to two central questions in Shakespeare's plays: "Are human beings, by nature, kind?" and "Are the gods kind?" King Lear finds himself in a world of gen - topsy-turvy. His response to language and to the absent gods recalls us to our own mortal being.
The Example of Poetry
Authors: Vincent Bridget
Published: August 2013

That literary scholarship is experiencing an "ethical turn" has become something of a commonplace, and seminal to this "turn" is the use of literary works as examples in moral-philosophical arguments. So far, however, ethical criticism has dealt almost exclusively with narrative texts—little work has been done on poetry. I argue that considering poetry in this context not only expands the corpus of exemplary works but also reveals methodological caveats applicable to ethical critics of poetry and fiction alike. Poetic examples raise new doubts about the moral authority of literature—doubts elided in the narrative-based discussions that currently prevail.
The Doldrums, or Shadows of Revolution in Theodore Dreiser's Cold World
Authors: Neel Phillip
Published: August 2013

Theodore Dreiser's works, rather than being read as historical artifacts, prove their relevance for a twenty-first-century readership when analyzed alongside contemporary political philosophy. Dreiser's novels are first examined within the rubric of Dominic Fox's "cold world" theory of dysphoric militancy. I argue that the Dreiserian character partially matches Fox's model of the dysphoric militant, falling short only in the final, revolutionary stage. The novels are then examined through the political philosophy of Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou, with particular focus on Žižek's idea of historical potentiality and Badiou's critique of law, sin, and love in St. Paul.
The State of Nature on Route 66: Jack Kerouac's On The Road and the Social Contract Tradition
Authors: Abbott Philip
Published: August 2013

Jack Kerouac's On the Road occupies an unusual status in American letters. It is an American classic but also a contested text. An early reviewer's assessment of On the Road as an American masterpiece has been consistently reiterated, but so have initial dismissals that the work is an incoherent, naïve, and narcissistic travel narrative. This ambivalence is heightened by Kerouac's own idiosyncratic political and social views. These confl icting assessments can be reconciled, however, if On the Road is evaluated as a work of political thought, especially as an iteration of the social contract tradition exploring relationships in a "state of nature."
Nietzsche's Tragic Performance: The Still-Living Mother and the Dionysian in Ecce Homo
Authors: Shepherd Melanie
Published: August 2013

In Ecce Homo , Nietzsche identifies himself with Dionysus. Yet Nietzsche's notorious treatment of his mother in this text reveals a complex relationship to the Dionysian. While many have used the Dionysian to interpret Nietzsche's relation to the maternal, I show that his treatment of his mother illuminates his relation to the Dionysian. Building on an insight in Stanley Cavell's work on love in Shakespeare's King Lear , I show that Nietzsche's attempt to give birth to himself in Ecce Homo imitates his description of the tragic hero in The Birth of Tragedy , making Ecce Homo his tragic performance.
Philosophical Vignettes in Jefferson's Notes on Virginia
Authors: Holowchak M. Andrew
Published: August 2013

This paper is an examination of several of Thomas Jefferson's philosophical vignettes in his Notes on the State of Virginia . I begin with some thoughts on the structure of the book. I then turn to several of Jefferson's intriguing philosophical vignettes, concerning the aesthetic, natural explanation, Indians, blacks, education, religion, husbandry, and war. I end with some thoughts on what those vignettes tell us about Jefferson's philosophical frame of mind at the writing of his Notes .
Hamlet and the Ghost: A Joint Sense of Time
Authors: DeCarlo John F.
Published: August 2013

A deconstruction of Hamlet's ontological metaphor—"the time is out of joint"—indicates Shakespeare has made an implicit commitment to a conception of time that is explicitly and systematically developed by Kant's transcendental philosophy. Consequently, a retro reading explains how Hamlet temporarily identifies with the Ghost's temporal-categorical mind-set, and how Hamlet, who has been acutely aware of the passage of time, loses track of time during the prayer/closet scene sequence. More specifically, I assert that Hamlet's identification with the Ghost's categorical sense of what is possible and impossible in accordance with the passage of outer time is what causes his inaction.
"Decode into chrysanthemums": Mei-Mei Berssenbrugge and Post-Structuralist Thought
Authors: Schelb Edward
Published: August 2013

Many experimental American poets have succumbed to the seductions of post-structuralist thought, resulting in increasingly thorny lyrical meditations. At times this appropriation of a philosophical stance—and an abstruse vocabulary—has created monstrous poetic forms that exist in limbo between rigorous philosophy and lyric poetry. In exemplary ways, Mei-Mei Berssenbrugge's poetry incorporated the language of post-structuralism, transforming her early lyricism into strange hybrid texts that enact ideas put forward by Derrida and Lacan. But at what cost? Her work became imprisoned in the language of theory rather than liberated, forcing her to interpret theory through a lens of Chinese philosophy.
Relevance Theory and Poetic Effects
Authors: Ribeiro Anna Christina
Published: August 2013

Why should poets choose to repeat concrete sounds or abstract structures when conveying their poetic messages? After all, it would seem that repetition tends to slow down comprehension and require greater cognitive effort. The key to understanding the rationale behind these poetic devices is the communicative principle of relevance proposed by Sperber and Wilson: interlocutors communicate on the assumption that what is being said is relevant in the communicative context. But how things are said is also relevant: poets create patterns for pragmatic, communicative reasons. Poetic devices also promote affective states, which cannot be reduced to cognitive ones.
Misterioso
Authors: Dybek Stuart
Published: August 2013

The Fall 2013 issue of Ploughshares , guest-edited by Peter Ho Davies. Ploughshares is journal of new writing, and two out of three issues per year are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with each year’s Winter issue staff-edited.

Award-winning novelist and short-story writer Peter Ho Davies (The Welsh Girl, Equal Love) compiles this fiction issue of Ploughshares . The issue features a wide diversity of styles—from Jo Lloyd’s story of being young and broke in London, to V.V. Ganeshananthan’s description of the death of a Sri Lankan terrorist, to Carolyn Ferrell’s footnoted satire about members of an African-American community turning into zombies, each piece covers original ground and uses its own narrative strategies. “This is the thrill I found in each of these stories,” Davies writes, “the sense that they spoke to me alone.”

The issue also features Elise Levine’s essay on deep-sea diving, and Robert Anthony Siegel’s appreciation of the Japanese writer Kawabata Yasunari.
Arlene in Five
Authors: McGahan Jerry
Published: August 2013

The Fall 2013 issue of Ploughshares , guest-edited by Peter Ho Davies. Ploughshares is journal of new writing, and two out of three issues per year are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with each year’s Winter issue staff-edited.

Award-winning novelist and short-story writer Peter Ho Davies (The Welsh Girl, Equal Love) compiles this fiction issue of Ploughshares . The issue features a wide diversity of styles—from Jo Lloyd’s story of being young and broke in London, to V.V. Ganeshananthan’s description of the death of a Sri Lankan terrorist, to Carolyn Ferrell’s footnoted satire about members of an African-American community turning into zombies, each piece covers original ground and uses its own narrative strategies. “This is the thrill I found in each of these stories,” Davies writes, “the sense that they spoke to me alone.”

The issue also features Elise Levine’s essay on deep-sea diving, and Robert Anthony Siegel’s appreciation of the Japanese writer Kawabata Yasunari.
Before They Were Flesh-Eating Zombies Trying to Take Over the World
Authors: Ferrell Carolyn
Published: August 2013

The Fall 2013 issue of Ploughshares , guest-edited by Peter Ho Davies. Ploughshares is journal of new writing, and two out of three issues per year are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with each year’s Winter issue staff-edited.

Award-winning novelist and short-story writer Peter Ho Davies (The Welsh Girl, Equal Love) compiles this fiction issue of Ploughshares . The issue features a wide diversity of styles—from Jo Lloyd’s story of being young and broke in London, to V.V. Ganeshananthan’s description of the death of a Sri Lankan terrorist, to Carolyn Ferrell’s footnoted satire about members of an African-American community turning into zombies, each piece covers original ground and uses its own narrative strategies. “This is the thrill I found in each of these stories,” Davies writes, “the sense that they spoke to me alone.”

The issue also features Elise Levine’s essay on deep-sea diving, and Robert Anthony Siegel’s appreciation of the Japanese writer Kawabata Yasunari.
Pretty
Authors: Welch Nancy
Published: August 2013

The Fall 2013 issue of Ploughshares , guest-edited by Peter Ho Davies. Ploughshares is journal of new writing, and two out of three issues per year are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with each year’s Winter issue staff-edited.

Award-winning novelist and short-story writer Peter Ho Davies (The Welsh Girl, Equal Love) compiles this fiction issue of Ploughshares . The issue features a wide diversity of styles—from Jo Lloyd’s story of being young and broke in London, to V.V. Ganeshananthan’s description of the death of a Sri Lankan terrorist, to Carolyn Ferrell’s footnoted satire about members of an African-American community turning into zombies, each piece covers original ground and uses its own narrative strategies. “This is the thrill I found in each of these stories,” Davies writes, “the sense that they spoke to me alone.”

The issue also features Elise Levine’s essay on deep-sea diving, and Robert Anthony Siegel’s appreciation of the Japanese writer Kawabata Yasunari.
K Becomes K
Authors: Ganeshananthan V.V.
Published: August 2013

The Fall 2013 issue of Ploughshares , guest-edited by Peter Ho Davies. Ploughshares is journal of new writing, and two out of three issues per year are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with each year’s Winter issue staff-edited.

Award-winning novelist and short-story writer Peter Ho Davies (The Welsh Girl, Equal Love) compiles this fiction issue of Ploughshares . The issue features a wide diversity of styles—from Jo Lloyd’s story of being young and broke in London, to V.V. Ganeshananthan’s description of the death of a Sri Lankan terrorist, to Carolyn Ferrell’s footnoted satire about members of an African-American community turning into zombies, each piece covers original ground and uses its own narrative strategies. “This is the thrill I found in each of these stories,” Davies writes, “the sense that they spoke to me alone.”

The issue also features Elise Levine’s essay on deep-sea diving, and Robert Anthony Siegel’s appreciation of the Japanese writer Kawabata Yasunari.