bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of Thalassiosira pseudonana v2
Authors: Turnsek Jernej
Published: October 2016

This protocol was used to express a gene encoding a silaffin precursor TpSil3p-APEX2 fusion protein in T. pseudonana strain CCMP1335 via conjugation largely following Karas et al. (2015). In addition to the protocol I am listing some of my observations working with this diatom species. Please check the 'Before start' and 'Guidelines' sections. 1. B. J. Karas et al., Designer diatom episomes delivered by bacterial conjugation. Nat. Commun. 6, 6925 (2015).
Electro-optical correction of Bessel beam conversion along the axis of a barium niobate-strontium crystal
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS, – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Khonina S. ,   Samara National Research University, Paranin V. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2016

We perform a theoretical study of the electrically controlled transformation of Bessel beams propagating along the optical axis of an electro-optical barium niobate-strontium crystal. Computer modeling has shown the ability of the anisotropic crystal to dynamically change the output intensity distribution of the beam due to a change in the refractive index as a result of the applied voltage. On the basis of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation we specify the control voltage required to correct the conversion of the zero-order Bessel beam generated by a diffractive axicon into a second-order vortex Bessel beam.
A method of achieving the maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms based on optimizing the form factor
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Shoydin S.
Published: October 2016

For the case of 3D phase holograms, the impact of the form factor on the hologram diffraction efficiency is shown. The form factor concept is introduced by analogy with the classical definition, which is used for calculating the averaged interaction of complex-shaped objects. In the present context, the form factor concept is used for determining the average diffraction efficiency of the holograms formed with the help of beams distributed non-uniformly over the hologram field. It is shown that after calculating the corrections, they can be used in the same way as coefficients in the classical formulas of the diffraction efficiency. The impact of such a form factor only comes into play when there are two factor present at the same time, i. e. non-linearity of photoresponse and non-uniformity of the light beam distribution over the hologram field.
Onboard processing of hyperspectral data in the remote sensing systems based on hierarchical compression
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Gashnikov M. , Glumov N. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to solving the problem of onboard processing of hyperspectral data for subsequent transmission via the communication channels in systems of remote sensing. A compression method based on the hierarchical grid interpolation is used as the basic algorithm of data compression necessary to reduce the amount of transmitted information. In this article, the method is adapted for onboard data processing. The specificity of hyperspectral imaging is taken into account when developing an algorithm of stabilization of the rate of compressed data formation. Computational experiments show that the efficiency of the proposed algorithms is sufficient for the transmission of hyperspectral remote sensing data under the limited capacity of the buffer memory and the communication channel bandwidth.
Generation of radially polarized zero-order Bessel beams by diffractive and polarization optics
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Karpeev S. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2016

An optical system for the generation of azimuthally and radially polarized zero-order Bessel beams is proposed. A zero-order Bessel beam is formed by an amplitude diffractive axicon, whereas the polarization conversion is based on the interference in a multilayer structure. A radially polarized zero-order Bessel beam is experimentally generated with the help of a binary-amplitude axicon.
3D simulation of focusing a laser beam by a dielectric conical microaxicon
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Degtyarev S. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2016

In this work, using a finite element method implemented we simulate in the Comsol software focusing a TE-polarized Gaussian beam by 3D dielectric conical microaxicon tapers with smaller-than-30-degrees vertex angles. The simulation results have shown that, as is the case with the 2D axicons, with minor changes in a vertex angle, the 3D axicon can alternatively show either focusing or defocusing properties. However, the angle intervals in which the 2D and 3D axicons show focusing or defocusing properties are different.
Pokolenie przełomu w WEB 2.0
Authors: Jablonska Marta , Billewicz Krzysztof
Published: October 2016

Przedstawicielami generacji Y są osoby urodzone w latach 1977–1997. Inaczej zwani „okablowanym pokoleniem”, są wprawni w wykorzystaniu narzędzi internetowych. Ich umiejętności w wykorzystaniu tego medium stają w konfrontacji z wyzwaniem dla społeczeństwa informacyjnego, jakim jest upowszechnienie serwisów Web 2.0. Natomiast przedstawiciele generacji Z, tzw. „milenijczycy”, to osoby urodzone po roku 2000, dla których często wirtualna rzeczywistość jest tożsama z prawdziwą i dla których Internet „istniał od zawsze”. W literaturze występują pewne rozbieżności w zakresach dat podawanych jako graniczne dla każdej generacji. Z tego powodu pokolenie osób młodych, dwudziestokilkulatków, bywa zaliczane zarówno do generacji Y, jak i Z – pokolenie przełomu. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie sposobów wykorzystania narzędzi Web 2.0 przez przedstawicieli pokolenia, będącego na granicy generacji Y i Z wraz z towarzyszącymi temu procesowi szansami oraz zagrożeniami. W tym celu, wykorzystując aktualną literaturę tematu, wykonaliśmy porównanie generacji internautów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pokolenia przełomu. W dalszej części opisano wyniki badania ankietowego, przeprowadzonego wśród przedstawicieli tej generacji, diagnozującego sposoby wykorzystania Internetu oraz płynące z tego potencjalne szanse i zagrożenia.
Identification of high b-Carotene lines of maize in backcross (BC2F1)population by genotyping crtRB1 Allele specific marker
Authors: . Pitambara , Nagarajan P.
Published: October 2016

In order to address the global problem of Vitamin A deficiency, biofortification is considered to be a cost effective and sustainable approach. The polymorphism in crtRB1gene is associated with b-carotene levels in maize kernels. The randomly selected 10 seeds of selected maize lines in BC2F1 population cobs when analyzed for b-carotene content through HPLC, showed confirmation of improvement in b-carotene content of 2.37 µg/g. The crtRB1 3’TE polymorphism in BC2F1 population of the cross revealed that the progenies showed segregation distortion(SD). The present study indicated the possiblity to develop a high b-carotene inbred with genetic identity closer to that of the recurrent parent.
Heterosis in bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.
Authors: Ghuge Mahesh B. , Syamal M. M. , Karcho Shraddha
Published: October 2016

Studies were carried out to estimate heterosis for yield and yield traits in bottle gourd. Heterosis for fruit yield per vine ranged from -35.2 to 23.9 per cent over mid parent and -17.6 to 68.5 per cent over standard check Samrat. For number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight was ranged from -28.2 to17.9 per cent and -22.1 to 22.4 per cent over mid parent and -17.6 to 53.3 per cent and -11.7 to 44.6 per cent over standard check Samrat, respectively. Regarding fruit length the heterosis ranged from -15.1 to 19.9 over mid parent while standard heterosis ranged from -7.05 to 48.9. Heterosis for days to first fruit harvest ranged from -0.53 to -12.4 and -0.55 to -14.7 over mid parent and standard check respectively. It was important to note that six F1 hybrids viz., Samrat X Aditi followed by Aditi X TC 092372, IC 093236 X TC 092372, Samrat X TC 092372, Samrat X IC 093236 and Aditi X PSPL produced significantly higher yield than the standard check Samrat.
Effect of PEG mediated water stress on solute accumulation, relative water content, biomass and antioxidant enzymes in rice
Authors: Kundur Ramadevi , T. Papi Reddy Reddy , Rao.T. Manohar
Published: October 2016

In rice, several cultivated and upland varieties need to be assessed and analyzed for drought tolerance traits which could be used in screening and breeding programs for drought tolerance. Hence, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of water deficits in two rice cultivars and thereby analyze the role of several physiological traits useful in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. The rice varieties Tellahamsa (TH) and N22 were screened for tolerance to drought. A comparative study was done subjecting them to PEG mediated water stress. Accumulation of solutes, i.e., proline, total free aminoacids and sugars; biomass production, Relative Water Content (RWC) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz., Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase(GR), and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were analyzed in response to water stress. Maximum proline accumulation was seen within 24hrs of stress, after 10 days TH decreased its proline to one-third, whereas in N22 doubled. Although amino acids doubled within 24hrs, gradually they depleted in N22. This may be due to conversion of aminoacids into proline which could be the most compatible solute. Sugars increased within 24hrs, but were depleted in 10days in both. In TH, the shoot and root biomass decreased, whereas in N22 there was a significant increase in root biomass. Shoot and root RWC of N22 was higher than TH under stress. GR increased in both TH and N22, APX and SOD increased only in N22. Proline accumulation, increase of root biomass and antioxidant enzymes such as APX or SOD during water stress are contributing to drought tolerance and could be used in screening for drought tolerance.
Appraisal of common bean farming systems under angular leaf spot disease prone environments of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Mongi Rose , Tongoona Pangirayi , Shimelis Hussein , Sibiya Julia
Published: October 2016

Angular leaf spot caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is the most destructive disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania (SHT). The objectives of this study were to assess the farming system and farmers awareness in the ALS disease prone environments of the SHT. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from 238 respondents sampled from Mbeya, Njombe, Iringa and Rukwa regions. Data collected included population demography, production constraints, and indicators of poverty. The results showed that ALS widely occurred in the SHT but farmers were not aware of the disease and sources of inocula. Most of the respondents were poor with average yields of less than 500 kg ha-1. Lack of knowledge on ALS disease and the presence of favorable environmental conditions increased chances of P. griseola proliferation. Therefore, trainings on awareness and intensification of extension services is important. Breeding for durable resistance is an overriding consideration towards increasing bean productivity in the SHT.
Forage nutritive value of sweet basil cultivars affectedby different plant density with corn
Authors: Bilasvar Hamed  Mabudi , Salmasi Saeid Zehtab , Janmohammadi Hossein
Published: October 2016

In order to assessment of the effects of different plant density (20, 30, 40 S.B M + 8 C; 20, 30, 40 S.B I + 8 C plants m-2 and sloe cropping of S.B. M40 and S.B. I 40) on forage nutritive value of sweet basil cultivars (Mubarake and Italian large leaf) a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in University of Tabriz, Iran. Results showed that the effect of different plant density of sweet basil cultivars was significant (p is less than 0.05) on dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, crude protein (CP) and oil yield of sweet basil cultivars. However, oil percentage of both sweet basil cultivars was not affected by different plant density with corn plants. DM, ADF, CP percentage and yield and also oil yield of both sweet basil cultivars were significantly decreased as result of different plant density with corn plants, in contrast, ash of both cultivars increased in those treatments. ash, CP%, CP and oil yield of Mubarake cultivars were greater than that of Italian large leaf cultivar in sole plant density. It was concluded that different plant density between sweet basil+ corn had positive effect on forage nutritive value of both sweet basil cultivars.
Price behaviour of chillies in Guntur market of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Srikala M. , Devi I. Bhavani , Ananda T.
Published: October 2016

There was an increasing trend in the prices of chillies in the selected market and was found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. The seasonal index was maximum in December with 108.52, while in November it was with 104.60 and the price indices ranged from 92.52 to 102.94. Only one cycle was observed which had lasted for four years. That chilli prices are subjected to high irregular variations during the period of study.
Effect of gibberellic acids and napthalene acetic acids on growth and yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] var. Arka Anamika
Authors: Verma Hemlata , Badole Parwat  Singh , Nawange D. D.
Published: October 2016

A study of effect of foliar application of gibberellic acids (GA) and napthalene acetic acids (NAA) each at 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm concentrations revealed that plant growth, phonological parameter, yield-attributing parameters and yield of okra increased significantly with the increase in concentration. The application of GA at 30 ppm gave maximum fruit length, fruit thickness, green fruits yield and dry weight of fruits. Similarly, 30 ppm NAA gave maximum fruit length, fruit thickness, green fruits yield and dry weight of fruits. The treatment interactions were found significant only at 45 DAS stage in plant height, at 15 DAS stage in case of leaves/plant and only at 45 and 60 DAS stage in case of branches / plant. The highest net returns was obtained with application of 30 ppm each of GA and NAA .
BIOMECHANICS OF BIRTH INJURY TO THE BABY DURING CESAREAN OPERATION
Authors: Parilov S. L. , Sikorskaja A. K. , Gajfullina L. R.
Published: October 2016

Growth of forensic examinations in criminal and civil cases for low-quality obstetric care has been registered. The index of operative accouchement in the country grew by 17.5% in 2001 and in 2012 amounted to 159.1 per 1000 births. The most frequently used by caesarean operation is an operation in the lower uterine segment crosssectional. All classic manipulation of extracting the baby cause the compression of the head as the between subjects with the prevailing contact surface (inner surface of the hands of an obstetrician) and a limited-contact surface (fingers of an obstetrician). The stronger the pressure on the head, the more distortion can be formed by classical brain injury of compression. During emergency cesarean operation with the baby’s head getting stuck in a narrow part of the pelvis is sometimes applied squeezing the baby’s head through the vagina into the uterus, which further deforms the nape joint and local pressure on the parietal bones can lead to their linear fractures. Classic manipulation of obstetrician’s hands when removing the baby’s head during a cesarean operation may cause deformation of the baby’s head and to traumatic spinal injury. To identify the mechanism of injury requires careful analysis of the entire delivery period and comparing it with the neurosonography, MRI, CT, X-ray of the skull and spine. The analysis is based on the physiological characteristics of the baby and newborn.
FORENSIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION CONSIDERING THE RESULTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Authors: Kil'djushov E. M. , Morozov G. E. , Kudimov I. N.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the study was to identify medical and social characteristics of the HIV-infection and HIV-associated diseases based on the latest scientific publications in this field along with the results of our own epidemiological monitoring. In accordance with the project is implementing now by the Moscow Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise the diagnosis of HIV infection should be verified considering the data of Moscow Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS concerning the HIV status of dead persons. During the study the correlative dynamic analysis and detailed structure research of mortality from HIV infection for the first half of 2015 have been performed based on the data of the Moscow Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise. The quantitative indicators reflecting the forensic medical diagnosis of HIV infection as a primary (original) or associated disease with a distribution by gender, age and stage of the disease have been obtained. As a result of the study the recommendations have been developed to make a diagnosis and complete a death certificate in such cases when the HIV infection acts as an associated disease.
E Hine: Talking about Māori teen pregnancy with government groups
Authors: Adcock Anna , Lawton Beverley , Cram Fiona
Published: October 2016

Despite improved access to health services in Aotearoa New Zealand there remains a significant socio-economic and health gap between Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders) and Pākehā (non-Māori). E Hine (Girl) is a qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) research project seeking to identify barriers and facilitators to positive health outcomes for young Māori mothers (under 20 years) and their infants. We present the findings of a discourse analysis of six semi-structured interviews with 13 representatives from six government agencies who were asked how their agency catered to the needs of young Māori mothers. Interviews were conducted in Wellington in 2013. First, we discuss respondents’ perspectives on how their agencies work to increase positive health outcomes. Next, we discuss structural issues, such as resource distribution, organization, and “silence”, that may act as barriers to positive outcomes. Addressing these barriers is essential to successfully deliver policies and initiatives that meet the needs of young Māori mothers and their infants.
Evaluation of Management Outcome of Adolescent Type-1 Diabetes Patients in Selected Clinics in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Nwangwa JN  , Seriki SA  , Nyoro IK  , Lelei SA
Published: October 2016

Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in inulin absorption over a prolonged period. This research was carried out to evaluate the management outcome in Type-1 diabetes adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria. Nineteen (19) diabetic adolescent patients attending selected clinics in Calabar and another 19 age-and-sex matched healthy adolescents were recruited for this research. Glycaemic control was assessed using fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and Glycated haemoglobin concentration (HbAic%). Anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) in adolescent Diabetes mellitus (DM) and control groups were also measured. Blood pressure in diabetic and control subjects were equally measured. Mean age of diabetic male and female were not statistically significant compared with male and female control groups. Average age of onset of illness in diabetic males and females were also not significant, and the same result was observed in duration of illness. Findings revealed that baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbAIC%) values of the diabetic adolescents were significantly (P<0.001) higher than values in control group. There was a significant (P<0.01) decrees in anthropometric parameters of diabetics compared with controls. Significant negative correlation was observed between father’s educational status and FBG (r= -0.546*) and negative correlation in glycated haemoglobin (HbAIC %)  (r= -0.464*) levels in diabetic group.  Glycated haemoglobin appeared to be a very dependable marker for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adolescents. Adolescent female diabetics have better management outcome compared to males. Combined therapy and insulin therapy resulted in improved glycaemic control and general wellbeing.
Soil parameters impact the vine-fruit-wine continuum by altering vine nitrogen status
Authors: Reynard Jean-Sébastien , Zufferey Vivian , Nicol Geneviève-Clara , Murisier François
Published: October 2016

Aims: A three-year study was conducted in the Vaud vineyards of Switzerland to evaluate the effects of « terroir » on the ecophysiology and fruit composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Doral (a white variety) and the characteristics of the produced wine.

Methods and results: The impact of soil on the vine-fruit-wine continuum was evaluated at 13 sites during three seasons. Except for soil, the vineyards presented almost identical climatic characteristics and used similar cultivation techniques. We monitored the nitrogen status of the vines by measuring yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the must. The soil modulated vine nitrogen status by its fertility and rooting depth. Low vine nitrogen status induced a high soluble solid content, low malic acid content, and high pH in fruits and resulted in small berries and low vine vigour. Wines were produced in a standardised manner from each site; then, they were subjected to sensory and chemical evaluation. YAN in musts was the parameter that best explained the variation in wine sensory characteristics. Wines made from grapes with low YAN values had negative sensory characteristics such as astringency and low aromatic complexity.

Conclusion: This work provided evidence of how soil can influence fruit composition and the sensory attributes of wine. Vine nitrogen status in relation to soil characteristics was a key parameter contributing to the terroir effect.

Significance and impact of the study: This study focuses on the whole vine-fruit-wine continuum and uses scientific rigour to investigate the terroir effect over a number of vintages. Key words: terroir, vine nitrogen status, soil effect, wine quality, vinefruit- wine continuum
Influence of some viticultural practices on the polyphenolic content of wines produced from cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Petropoulos Sofoklis , Kallithraka Stamatina , Paraskevopoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2016

Aims: Viticultural practices that improve light penetration and air circulation into the canopy can improve wine quality. The aim of this work is to investigate the consequences of some commonly applied viticultural practices on the polyphenolic content of cv. Agiorgitiko, an indigenous Greek grape variety.

Methods and results: Three viticultural practices (training system, leaf removal and shoot elongation) were applied on cv. Agiorgitiko in the Nemea wine region and the phenolic content of the wines produced was compared. Between the two training systems (Guyot vs. double Royat), no changes in polyphenolic compounds and yield components were observed. Shoot elongation and leaf removal caused a significant decrease in the polyphenolic content of the wines. Anthocyanin content was reduced significantly due to shoot elongation, while small differences were observed in yield components.

Conclusion: The study showed that increasing bunch sun exposure in warm viticultural areas may not be beneficial to the quality of the wine.

Significance and impact of the study: Climate and weather conditions should be taken into account before applying practices that increase bunch exposure, especially in warm wine regions where light could be detrimental to the polyphenolic content of the wines.
Wood necrosis in esca-affected vines: types, relationships and possible links with foliar symptom expression
Authors: Maher Névile , Piot J. , Bastien Sylvie , Vallance Jessica , Rey Patrice , Guérin-Dubrana Lucia
Published: October 2016

Aims: Esca disease of grapevine is characterised by foliar symptoms associated with the development of various internal wood necroses. The aims of the present study are to determine the type and the quantity of necroses in the various woody compartments of vines, the relationships between them and the links between necroses and severity of foliar symptoms.

Methods and results: Symptomatic and asymptomatic vines cv Cabernet- Sauvignon were cross-sectioned to quantify the different types of internal necrosis in the scions (cordons, heads, and trunks) and rootstocks. Five necrosis « variables » were accounted for: central necrosis, sectorial necrosis, mixed necrosis, white rot, altered perimeter and in addition to the variable healing cone. In the scion, for all types of necrosis variables, a significant correlation between compartments was found. Vines with acute foliar form of esca had very advanced peripheral tissue degradations in the xylem and cambial zones. Chronic foliar expression of esca was associated with quantity of internal necroses higher than those obtained for asymptomatic vines. A logistic model indicated that white rot in the cordons was the best predictor for the chronic form of esca.

Conclusion: Necroses formed a continuum within the plant. The scion is like a single unit with a volume of necroses useful to determine the health status of vines.

Significance and impact of the study: A quantitative analysis of vine internal necroses would open up new possibilities for esca-epidemic approaches.
1,3,1',3'-(Dinaphthalene-1,8-diyl)bisthiourea
Authors: Aydin Fatma
Published: October 2016

A new bisthiourea compound, 1,3,1',3'-(dinaphthalene-1,8-diyl)bisthiourea, was synthesized. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H-, 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques.
Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Parental Behavior: A Correlational Study Modulated by Gender
Authors: Bali Polett , Durand Guillaume
Published: October 2016

Psychopathy and Machiavellianism are two components of the Dark Triad including personality traits such as egoism, coldheartedness and deceitfulness. While psychopathy and Machiavellianism possess some etiological differences, prior investigations showed similarities regarding the onset of these personality traits, namely in the field of parental behavior. The present study investigated potential correlations between psychopathy and Machiavellianism traits in adulthood, alongside reports of parental behavior during childhood. A community sample from Hungary (N = 70) was recruited and completed the Machiavellian Personality Scale (MPS), the Mach-IV inventory (Mach-IV), the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRPS) and the Short-EMBU (s-EMBU). No strong correlations were found between parental behaviors and psychopathy or Machiavellianism. However, positive correlations were found between the Machiavellian measures and the measures of psychopathy by subtypes. Analysis of the gender differences between the psychopathy and Machiavellianism revealed a positive correlation for primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism for both gender, as well as a positive correlation between secondary psychopathy and Machiavellianism for males only. Results are explained in terms of gender differences in socialization. Further implications and limitations are discussed.
Functional and Regulatory Profiling of Energy Metabolism in Fission Yeast
Authors: Malecki Michal , Bitton Danny A. , Rodriguez-Lopez Maria , Rallis Charalampos , Garcia Cavalia Noelia , Smith Graeme C. , Bahler Jurg
Published: October 2016

Background:  The control of energy metabolism is fundamental for cell growth and function, and anomalies are implicated in complex diseases and ageing. It is important for cells to carefully tune metabolic pathways to optimize their function in response to different nutrient or physiological conditions. Metabolism in yeast cells can be easily manipulated by supplying different carbon sources: on glucose yeast rapidly proliferates by fermentation, analogous to tumour cells growing by aerobic glycolysis, whereas on non-fermentable carbon sources metabolism shifts towards respiration. Results:  We screened deletion libraries of fission yeast to identify over 200 genes required for respiratory growth. The growth medium and auxotrophic mutants strongly influenced respiratory metabolism. Most genes uncovered in the mutant screens have not been implicated in respiration in budding yeast. We applied gene expression profiling approaches to compare steady-state fermentative and respiratory growth and to analyse the dynamic adaptation to respiratory growth. The transcript levels of most genes functioning in key energy metabolism pathways were coherently tuned, reflecting anticipated differences in metabolic flows between fermenting and respiring cells. We show that the acetyl-CoA synthase, rather than the citrate lyase, is essential for acetyl-CoA synthesis in fission yeast. We also investigated the transcriptional response to mitochondrial damage by genetic or chemical perturbations, defining a retrograde response that involves the concerted regulation of distinct groups of nuclear genes that may avert harm from mitochondrial malfunction. Conclusions:  These systematic and targeted analyses provide a rich framework of the genetic and regulatory basis of fundamental metabolic states to guide future studies on energy metabolism in fission yeast and beyond. Our study pinpoints weaknesses of commonly used auxotroph mutants for investigating energy metabolism. As a model for cellular energy regulation, fission yeast provides an attractive and complementary system to budding yeast.
Censos nacionais e perspectivas políticas para as línguas brasileiras
Authors: Morello Rosângela
Published: October 2016

Não disponível
Evaluating Potential Dryland Cropping Systems Adapted to Climate Change in the Central Great Plains
Authors: Nielsen David C. , Vigil Merle F. , Hansen Neil C.
Published: October 2016

Climate in the semiarid central Great Plains is expected to become warmer and drier in coming decades, with potentially greater variability in precipitation and temperature. Cropping systems that include forages and allow flexibility for determining if a crop should be planted and which crop to plant (based on available soil water at planting) may provide the opportunity to maintain economic viability in a changing climate environment. The objective of this study was to compare cropping system productivity and profitability of flexible rotations that incorporate forages against grain‐based cropping systems that are set rotational sequences. Yield and net returns for five set rotations and three flexible rotations were compared at Akron, CO, over 5 yr. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields were reduced by 57% when the fallow period prior to wheat production was replaced with crop production. Average net income was greatest for the continuously cropped all‐forage set 3‐yr rotation followed by the flexible 3‐yr rotations that included wheat and forage phases. The lowest net returns were seen for the set grain‐based rotations and the flexible wheat–grain crop rotation. Incorporating forage production as a phase in dryland wheat rotational systems can add profitability and sustainability to the production system in the face of climate variability.

Core Ideas

Including forages in semi‐arid dryland cropping systems increases profitability.

Using flexible rotations based on soil water at planting can reduce fallow frequency.

Continuously cropping with an all‐forage rotation maximizes net returns.

Flexible rotations with forages may mitigate negative effects of climate variability.
The problem of artistic space in Russian literary criticism
Authors: Zakharova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: October 2016

This article is devoted to the study of artistic space in the literary criticism of the ХХ and beginning of the XIX centuries. The main approaches to the understanding of the artistic space in the works of Russian literary critics are discussed.
PEDAGOGIA OSOBY: UWARUNKOWANIA, TRUDNOŚCI, WYZWANIA
Authors: STARNAWSKI WITOLD
Published: October 2016

Pedagogia jest terminem pozostającym w relacji z dwoma innymi: wychowa- niem (jako fragmentem rzeczywistości społecznej) i pedagogiką (jako nauką). Główną ka- tegorią pedagogii jest osoba – najdoskonalsza postać bytu (św. Tomasz z Akwinu). Drugim uwarunkowaniem jest dobra teoria – to znaczy dobra filozofia: egzystencjalna, realistyczna, racjonalna (otwarta na prawdę), analogiczna. Trzecim – dobra praktyka (otwarta na teorię, nieindywidualistyczna, pozytywna). Trudności i zagrożenia mają charakter zewnętrzny, jak kryzys myśli współczesnej: sceptycyzm, utylitaryzm, sentymentalizm, lub wewnętrzny: subiektywizm, indywidualizm, konformizm, fałszywa duchowość. Głównymi wyzwaniami są: sformułowanie praktycznej odpowiedzi na problem indywidualizmu i pluralizmu, przedstawienie wyrazistej propozycji pedagogicznej oraz współczesnej wersji paidei
DZIADKOWIE W WYCHOWANIU WNUKÓW NA PODSTAWIE OPINII OSÓB MŁODYCH I STARSZYCH
Authors: PIEŃKOS MAGDALENA
Published: October 2016

Na wychowanie dzieci, obok rodziców, duży wpływ mają dziadkowie. Często to oni są tymi, którzy wprowadzają wnuki w życie: uczą, jak należy postępować, przekazują tradycję. Badania empiryczne autorki miały na celu ukazanie tego, jak istotny jest udział dziadków w wychowaniu i przekazywaniu wartości młodemu pokoleniu. Posłużyła się ona metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na grupie osób starszych, będących dziadkami, oraz na grupie studentów. Wyniki dowodzą, że ponad 80% respondentów – babć i dziadków – ma dobre i bardzo dobre relacje ze swoimi rodzinami. Osoby starsze kontaktują się z nimi codziennie, kilka razy w tygodniu lub kilka razy w miesiącu. Zdaniem 90% respondentów są oni dobrze traktowani przez swoje rodziny, czują się kochani i potrzebni. Osoby starsze mają większe doświadczenie i mądrość ży- ciową, dlatego przy prawidłowych relacjach mogą stać się źródłem inspiracji dla młodego pokolenia. Zdaniem 93% studentów dziadkowie są autorytetem. Młodzi ludzie chcieliby być podobni do swoich przodków. Osoby starsze realizują przede wszystkim funkcję opiekuńczą. Zaspokajają najważniejsze potrzeby swoich wnuków, kształtują ich cechy osobowości. Przekazują zasady moralne, dają opiekę i wychowanie, poczucie miłości, a także pomagają poznać historię rodziny.
SYSTEM PREWENCYJNY W 200-LECIE URODZIN ŚW. JANA BOSKO: O POTRZEBIE REFLEKSJI WOBEC WSPÓŁCZESNYCH WYZWAŃ
Authors: Chrobak Stanisław
Published: October 2016

System prewencyjny, który przez samego św. Jana Bosko nie został nazwany teorią, koncepcją, ale właśnie systemem, powstał jako odpowiedź na potrzeby wychowawcze związane z konkretnym środowiskiem XIX wieku we Włoszech. Służył wychowywaniu pokoleń młodzieży w niepowtarzalnym stylu opartym na rozumie, religii, dialogu, miło- ści wychowawczej. W 200-lecie urodzin ks. Jana Bosko można stwierdzić, że zasady jego pedagogiki powiązane są nie tylko z przeszłością. Oryginalne wartości tkwiące w systemie prewencyjnym wymagają pogłębienia, przystosowania oraz umiejętnej i odważnej odnowy ze względu na zmieniony kontekst społeczny, wychowawczy i duszpasterski.
SALEZJANIE W POSZUKIWANIU ODPOWIEDZI NA WSPÓŁCZESNE WYZWANIA W POLSCE
Authors: MISIASZEK KAZIMIERZ
Published: October 2016

Salezjanie, którzy obchodzą w tym roku 200-lecie urodzin swojego założy- ciela, św. Jana Bosko, wezwani są do odpowiedzi na współczesne wyzwania w dziedzinie wychowania. Muszą poszukiwać ich w dzisiejszym społeczeństwie, które jest nacecho- wane chaosem w dziedzinie wartości, liberalnym podejściem do tradycji, kultury i religii. Salezjanie w tej sytuacji mają zmierzać zarówno do zapewnienia wychowankowi poczucia stabilności i egzystencjalnego bezpieczeństwa, jak i do wychowania człowieka. Innym obszarem poszukiwania odpowiedzi jest rodzina. Salezjanie mają pamiętać, że pierwszymi wychowawcami są rodzice, wspólnie z nimi, nie sami, muszą zabiegać o integralne wycho- wanie młodego pokolenia. Mają wychowywać przez miłość do miłości, zgodnie z systemem prewencyjnym. Dzisiejsi rodzice potrzebują w swoich zadaniach wychowawczych wsparcia. Może nim być katecheza rodziny czy katecheza dorosłych. Dlatego salezjanie powinni bardziej otwierać się na wychowywanie ludzi dorosłych. Ich szczególnym zadaniem jest też troska o rozwój oratorium jako paradygmatu wychowania w stylu prewencyjnym.
SALEZJAŃSKIE DUSZPASTERSTWO MŁODZIEŻY
Authors: KAWECKI SDB PRZEMYSŁAW
Published: October 2016

Najkrótsza definicja salezjańskiego duszpasterstwa młodzieży zawiera się w trzech pojęciach: oratorium, asystencji, systemu prewencyjnego. W Polsce salezjanie działają duszpastersko na wielu płaszczyznach zarówno w szkołach, jak i w czasie wol- nym młodzieży. Młode osoby podlegające oddziaływaniu duszpasterstwa salezjańskiego w Polsce jako jego mocne strony wymieniają: odpowiedź na samotność, atmosferę domu, doświadczenie wspólnoty. Z drugiej strony młodzi ludzie zwracają salezjanom uwagę na: niedostosowanie form duszpasterstwa do współczesnych czasów, niedobór pociągających propozycji dla młodzieży, brak poważnego, partnerskiego traktowania młodzieży, brak prawdziwego, odpowiedzialnego angażowania młodych w dzieła salezjańskie, odejście od charyzmatu oraz zapraszanie młodych nie do awangardy duszpasterskiej, ale do men- talnego skansenu księdza Bosko. Dostrzeżenie mocnych stron i pewnych mankamentów stawia przed salezjanami w Polsce spore wyzwania w zakresie duszpasterstwa młodzieży. Duże znaczenie ma przede wszystkim powrót do charyzmatyczności – zainteresowanie się na nowo światem chłopców i młodych mężczyzn, a tym samym przeprowadzenie refleksji nad tym, jaki model dojrzałego mężczyzny chcemy zaproponować nastolatkom. Młodzież zachęca salezjanów również do świadomego odczytywania znaków czasu, odpowiadania na realne potrzeby środowisk, w których pracują, oraz działania wspólnotowego.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ SALEZJAŃSKICH WSPÓLNOT EWANGELIZACYJNYCH JAKO PRZYKŁAD RUCHU EWANGELIZACYJNEGO INSPIROWANEGO PEDAGOGIKĄ SALEZJAŃSKĄ
Authors: MEJER SDB MICHAŁ
Published: October 2016

Salezjańskie Wspólnoty Ewangelizacyjne są przykładem polskiego ruchu w ramach szeroko pojętej Nowej Ewangelizacji. Łączą w sobie współczesne wyzwania, przed którymi staje Kościół, oraz tradycję pedagogiki salezjańskiej z jej charakterystycznymi elementami. Krótkie przedstawienie SWE pokazuje ich specyficzną metodę i aktualność dla dzisiejszego Kościoła w Polsce.
Morphophysiological and molecular effects of drought stress in rice
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Kalita Jyotirmay , Sahoo Lingaraj , Tanti* Bhaben
Published: October 2016

Drought is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects the rice growth, mostly in the rainfed ecosystem that ultimately affects the biomass production and yield. Rice needs to adapt a series of physiological mechanisms with complicated regulatory network to fight and cope up with the unfavourable conditions due to drought stress. Morphological and physiological response in rice include inhibition of seed germination, slower growth rate, low root and shoot length, lower chlorophyll content, stomatal closure, lower rate of photosynthesis, yield reduction etc. Stress condition further results in development of response at the molecular level by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2*-, H2O2, 1O2, OH* etc. which incites oxidative stress in the plants. Oxidative stress is overcome by the inherent capacity of plants to produce antioxidant species which may be enzymatic or non-enzymatic in nature. If however antioxidant defence mechanism cannot overpower the ROS generated, they cause oxidative damage to the plant tissues such as lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, etc. resulting in cell death. Unlike other stresses, drought affects the physiology and biochemistry of the rice which adversely affects in the morphology and consequently delimits the yield of the plant. Therefore, understanding the morphological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in rice against drought is utmost necessary for rice breeders to improve the rice for drought tolerant/resistance varieties for future green revolution. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the complex regulatory network involved in rice against drought with special emphasis on morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms and to discuss the prospective and challenges for future plant breeders.
Cytology and biochemical estimation of Neptunia prostrate (Lamk.) Baillon: an ethnomedicinal aquatic legume of Tripura, North East India.
Authors: Guha* Anupam , Bhattacharjee Debanjali , Tripura Kanika , Bhattacharya Abhijit
Published: October 2016

Neptunia prostrate (Lamk.) Baillon, commonly used as shoot vegetable in Tripura, North East India. Young shoots are used as vegetable in different forms of recipes of tribal and rural communities of this region. The utility of the vegetable as good source of protein and total amino acids with low level of phenolics and sugar clearly indicated its significance as useful health diet and alternative food supplement to the common people. The somatic chromosome number and karyomorphological details were also investigated in this plant. Somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n=56 with karyotype formula A2B42C12. The chromosome count and constancy of the karyotype with biochemical analysis recorded in the present study.
ESULTS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS SUSCEPTIBLE TO PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES DUE TO PROXIMAL FEMUR METASTASIS
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Ptashnikov D. A. , Grigoriev P. V. , Mikailov I. M. , Zasulsky P. J.
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of minimally invasive surgical treatment of patients susceptible to pathological fractures due to proximal femur metastasis.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was done for a group of 46 women of mean age 44.5 years (range 38 to 60 years). The histologic diagnosis of each patient was breast cancer. The overall survival of included patients was more than 18 months after intramedullary nailing and cement injection of the proximal femur. In first subgroup, 22 patients underwent intramedullary nailing and cement injection immediately after RF (radiofrequency) ablation. Second subgroup included 24 patients who underwent internal fixation of impending pathologic fractures without RF ablation. Pain relief was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Functional outcomes and life quality were assessed with MSTS and SF-36 scores.Results. The authors obtained statistically significant differences in the scores dynamics on SF-36 scale.Most of the patients continued comprehensive treatment as well as were receiving bisphosphonates after 18 months postoperatively. Hip function, assessed on MSTS scale, did not demonstrate statistically significant differences (83.2 for the first subgroup and 88.1 for the second). Pain syndrome in the early postoperative period was statistically lower in the first subgroup.X-ray and CT examination of patients in the first subgroup revealed 2 cases of continued metastatic growth accompanied by cut-out syndrome, implant instability or severe pain. In the second subgroup, where prophylactic fixation was performed without radiofrequency ablation such complication was observed in 6 cases.Conclusions. RF ablation and internal fixation of impending femoral pathologic fractures can be combined in one stage procedure. Such method proved feasibility and efficiency for treatment of osteolytic and mixed metastatic lesions of proximal femur with low incidence of implant-related complications and lower risk of revisions.
Reflections on the Developing Civil Service System in China
Authors: Li Ruhai , Gai Ning
Published: October 2016

In the 1980s. China began to implement a civil service system to establish a market-oriented economy and foster reform of the politico-administrative system. This modem civil service system was designed to replace the traditional ca personnel system, which, strictired around a centrally planned economy, originated during the period of China's revolutionary struggles. Focusing on this historical transition, this this article explores the relations that persist between the two systems and asks how and why the modem civil service system came into being at this time.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU PADA SMA NEGERI 1 PEUKAN BADA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: October 2016

The strategy of the head master of the school really influence the teachers’ competence profesionalism that being conducted by guiding and giving opportunity to the teacher to improve their profession. The aim of this study is to know the strategy of head master in utilizing the teacher teaching methods, the strategy of head master in evaluating the success of the teachers, and to know the situation of the school head master in improving the professional competence of the teachers at the state senior high school 1 Peukan Bada Aceh Besar. The approach used in this study is qualitative with descriptive method. The techniques used in data collection were observations, interviews and documentations. The subjects of the research were the head master of the school, school curriculum division, administration chairman, chairman on the students’ affairs, and subject teachers of SMAN 1 Peukan Bada. The results of the study show that the head master strategies in improving the profesional ism competence namely: (1) The teachers learning mastery; (2) The use of teaching-learning methods by involving the teachers in training activities, scientific activities, seminars, workshops, scientific writing in action research, team teaching, inhousing MGMPs, motivate teachers to continue their education and supervision; (3) The strategy of the headmaster of the school in evaluation and class supervision sometimes conducted suddenly. The results of the evaluations are collected into a head master note and be conveyed at the meeting and MGMPs forum activities as a follow-up evaluation on what has been carried out; (4) The obstacles faced by the head master of the school in improving profesional ism competence among others are: the time restriction of school head master and teachers to carry out their primary tasks, low motivation of the students and teacher in the late of retirement to master information technology, put work hour to support the teacher certification, and putting hours of work to support teacher certification.