bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor biomechanical stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography predicts surgical outcomes and identifies biomarkers in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma
Authors: Duhon Bailey H. , Thompson Kristin , Fisher Melanie , Kaul Vivian F. , Nguyen Han TN. , Harris Michael S. , Varadarajan Varun , Adunka Oliver F. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Kolipaka Arunark , Ren Yin
Published: June 2024

Variations in the biomechanical stiffness of brain tumors can not only influence the difficulty of surgical resection but also impact postoperative outcomes. In a prospective, single-blinded study, we utilize pre-operative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to predict the stiffness of intracranial tumors intraoperatively and assess the impact of increased tumor stiffness on clinical outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and meningiomas. MRE measurements significantly correlated with intraoperative tumor stiffness and baseline hearing status of VS patients. Additionally, MRE stiffness was elevated in patients that underwent sub-total tumor resection compared to gross total resection and those with worse postoperative facial nerve function. Furthermore, we identify tumor microenvironment biomarkers of increased stiffness, including αSMA + myogenic fibroblasts, CD163 + macrophages, and HABP (hyaluronic acid binding protein). In a human VS cell line, a dose-dependent upregulation of HAS1-3, enzymes responsible for hyaluronan synthesis, was observed following stimulation with TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine present in VS. Taken together, MRE is an accurate, non-invasive predictor of tumor stiffness in VS and meningiomas. VS with increased stiffness portends worse preoperative hearing and poorer postoperative outcomes. Moreover, inflammation-mediated hyaluronan deposition may lead to increased stiffness.
Defining well-being in psoriasis: A Delphi consensus among healthcare professionals and patients
Authors: Daudén Esteban , Belinchón I. , Colominas-González E. , Coto P. , de la Cueva P. , Gallardo F. , Poveda J. L. , Ramírez E. , Ros S. , Ruíz-Villaverde R. , Comellas M. , Lizán Luís
Published: June 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that negatively impacts on patient’s life. A holistic approach integrating well-being assessment could improve disease management. Since a consensus definition of well-being in psoriasis is not available, we aim to achieve a multidisciplinary consensus on well-being definition and its components. A literature review and consultation with psoriasis patients facilitated the design of a two-round Delphi questionnaire targeting healthcare professionals and psoriasis patients. A total of 261 panellists (65.1% patients with psoriasis, 34.9% healthcare professionals) agreed on the dimensions and components that should integrate the concept of well-being: emotional dimension (78.9%) [stress (83.9%), mood disturbance (85.1%), body image (83.9%), stigma/shame (75.1%), self-esteem (77.4%) and coping/resilience (81.2%)], physical dimension (82.0%) [sleep quality (81.6%), pain/discomfort (80.8%), itching (83.5%), extracutaneous manifestations (82.8%), lesions in visible areas (84.3%), lesions in functional areas (85.8%), and sex life (78.2%)], social dimension (79.5%) [social relationships (80.8%), leisure/recreational activities (80.3%), support from family/friends (76.6%) and work/academic life (76.5%)], and satisfaction with disease management (78.5%) [treatment (78.2%), information received (75.6%) and medical care provided by the dermatologist (80.1%)]. This well-being definition reflects patients’ needs and concerns. Therefore, addressing them in psoriasis will optimise management, contributing to better outcomes and restoring normalcy to the patient’s life.
Neural network model for prediction of possible sarcopenic obesity using Korean national fitness award data (2010–2023)
Authors: Bae Jun-Hyun , Seo Ji-won , Li Xinxing , Ahn SoYoung , Sung Yunho , Kim Dae Young
Published: June 2024

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by concomitant sarcopenia and obesity and presents a high risk of disability, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. However, predictions based on sequential neural network SO studies and the relationship between physical fitness factors and SO are lacking. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for SO in older adults by focusing on physical fitness factors. A comprehensive dataset of older Korean adults participating in national fitness programs was analyzed using sequential neural networks. Appendicular skeletal muscle/body weight was defined as SO using an anthropometric equation. Independent variables included body fat (BF, %), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and various physical fitness factors. The dependent variable was a binary outcome (possible SO vs normal). We analyzed hyperparameter tuning and stratified K-fold validation to optimize a predictive model. The prevalence of SO was significantly higher in women (13.81%) than in men, highlighting sex-specific differences. The optimized neural network model and Shapley Additive Explanations analysis demonstrated a high validation accuracy of 93.1%, with BF% and absolute grip strength emerging as the most influential predictors of SO. This study presents a highly accurate predictive model for SO in older adults, emphasizing the critical roles of BF% and absolute grip strength. We identified BF, absolute grip strength, and sit-and-reach as key SO predictors. Our findings underscore the sex-specific nature of SO and the importance of physical fitness factors in its prediction.
Finding multifaceted communities in multiplex networks
Authors: Gadár László , Abonyi János
Published: June 2024

Identifying communities in multilayer networks is crucial for understanding the structural dynamics of complex systems. Traditional community detection algorithms often overlook the presence of overlapping edges within communities, despite the potential significance of such relationships. In this work, we introduce a novel modularity measure designed to uncover communities where nodes share specific multiple facets of connectivity. Our approach leverages a null network, an empirical layer of the multiplex network, not a random network, that can be one of the network layers or a complement graph of that, depending on the objective. By analyzing real-world social networks, we validate the effectiveness of our method in identifying meaningful communities with overlapping edges. The proposed approach offers valuable insights into the structural dynamics of multiplex systems, shedding light on nodes that share similar multifaceted connections.
Wideband high gain metasurface-based 4T4R MIMO antenna with highly isolated ports for sub-6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Oraizi Homayoon
Published: June 2024

This study presents the design of four $$178\times 178$$

178
×
178

 (mm)$$^{2}$$

2

wideband, high gain, highly efficient metasurface-based 4T4R MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas with highly isolated ports, covering the middle and a portion of the upper bands of the sub 6 GHz 5G frequency spectrum for 5G-based systems, such as IoT (Internet of Things) applications, vehicular communications (e.g., rooftop antennas of cars or trains), smart industries (e.g., farms and factories). The radiating elements of these antennas use the aperture-coupled feeding technique with a dumbbell-shaped slot, a truncated square patch with two U-shaped slots, and a metasurface layer. The proposed MIMO structures place four identical radiating elements like a $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

matrix with $$90^\circ$$

90
∘

successive rotations to produce orthogonal electromagnetic waves, improving the isolation between ports. Six-millimeter spaces are added between these elements, and two vertical and horizontal strip slots are carved on the ground as the decoupling structure to decrease the mutual coupling. Simulation results show that Antenna_1, Antenna_2, and Antenna_3 achieve gain values of 6.2 to 9.4 dBi, 8.2 to 11.6 dBi, 6.2 to 9.5 dBi, below − 35, − 25, and − 33 isolation and almost 10 dB diversity gain from 2.8 to 4.7 GHz, 2.8 to 4.5 GHz, and 2.7 to 4.9 GHz, respectively. As a prototype, Antenna_4 is manufactured, and measurements are performed. It achieves 6.28 to 10.45 dBi gain values, below − 23 dB isolation, and 0.001 envelope correlation coefficient over 2.7 to 4.3 GHz. The results confirm that the proposed MIMO antennas are compatible with the 5G essential requisites.
Clinical experience with shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing healthy uterus in a transabdominal approach
Authors: Stader Judith M. , Recker Florian , Tonguc Tolga , Ramig Olga , Thudium Marcus , Matlac Dieter , Mutschler Nikola , Egger Eva K. , Mustea Alexander , Küppers Jim , Essler Markus , Jenne Jürgen , Strunk Holger M. , Conrad Rupert , Marinova Milka
Published: June 2024

Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and feasibility of transabdominal ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing sonoelastographic features of the uterus. Twenty-seven premenopausal women were enrolled between 2021 and 2022. Transabdominal SWE measured myometrial stiffness in various uterine segments. Additionally, tissue stiffness of the quadriceps femoris muscle and autochthonous back muscle was measured. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests, t test, and a robust mixed linear model. Stiffness values of the uterus and the two investigated muscle types exhibited a similar spectrum: 6.38 ± 2.59 kPa (median 5.61 kPa; range 2.76–11.31 kPa) for the uterine myometrium, 7.22 ± 1.24 kPa (6.82 kPa; 5.11–9.39 kPa) for the quadriceps femoris musle, and 7.43 ± 2.73 kPa (7.41 kPa; 3.10–13.73 kPa) for the autochthonous back muscle. A tendency for significant differences in myometrial stiffness was observed concerning the type of labor mode (mean stiffness of 9.17 ± 1.35 kPa after vaginal birth vs. 3.83 ± 1.35 kPa after Caesarian section, p = 0.01). No significant differences in myometrial stiffness were observed concerning age, BMI, previous pregnancies, uterine flexion and menstrual cycle phase. Transabdominal SWE of uterine stiffness seems to be a fast and practicable method in a clinical setting. Uterine stiffness appears to be largely independent of various factors, except for the mode of delivery. However, further studies are needed to validate these results.
Increased biofilm formation in dual-strain compared to single-strain communities of Cutibacterium acnes
Authors: Bjerg Cecilie Scavenius Brønnum , Poehlein Anja , Bömeke Mechthild , Himmelbach Axel , Schramm Andreas , Brüggemann Holger
Published: June 2024

Cutibacterium acnes is a known opportunistic pathogen in orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs). The species of C. acnes comprises distinct phylotypes. Previous studies suggested that C. acnes can cause single- as well as multi-typic infections, i.e. infections caused by multiple strains of different phylotypes. However, it is not known if different C. acnes phylotypes are organized in a complex biofilm community, which could constitute a multicellular strategy to increase biofilm strength and persistency. Here, the interactions of two C. acnes strains belonging to phylotypes IB and II were determined in co-culture experiments. No adverse interactions between the strains were observed in liquid culture or on agar plates; instead, biofilm formation in both microtiter plates and on titanium discs was significantly increased when combining both strains. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that both strains co-occurred throughout the biofilm. Transcriptome analyses revealed strain-specific alterations of gene expression in biofilm-embedded cells compared to planktonic growth, in particular affecting genes involved in carbon and amino acid metabolism. Overall, our results provide first insights into the nature of dual-type biofilms of C. acnes, suggesting that strains belonging to different phylotypes can form biofilms together with additive effects. The findings might influence the perception of C. acnes OIAIs in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
Gradient-based autonomous obstacle avoidance trajectory planning for B-spline UAVs
Authors: Sun Wei , Sun Pengxiang , Ding Wei , Zhao Jingang , Li Yadan
Published: June 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become the focus of current research because of their practicability in various scenarios. However, current local path planning methods often result in trajectories with numerous sharp or inflection points, which are not ideal for smooth UAV flight. This paper introduces a UAV path planning approach based on distance gradients. The key improvements include generating collision-free paths using collision information from initial trajectories and obstacles. Then, collision-free paths are subsequently optimized using distance gradient information. Additionally, a trajectory time adjustment method is proposed to ensure the feasibility and safety of the trajectory while prioritizing smoothness. The Limited-memory BFGS algorithm is employed to efficiently solve optimal local paths, with the ability to quickly restart the trajectory optimization program. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in the Robot Operating System simulation environment, demonstrating its ability to meet trajectory planning requirements for UAVs in complex unknown environments with high dynamics. Moreover, it surpasses traditional UAV trajectory planning methods in terms of solution speed, trajectory length, and data volume.
Summarizing physical performance in professional soccer: development of a new composite index
Authors: Oliva-Lozano José M. , Cefis Mattia , Fortes Víctor , Campo Roberto López-Del , Resta Ricardo
Published: June 2024

The aims of this study were to create a composite index to measure the overall players’ physical performance in professional soccer matches and analyze the effect of individual playing time and positional differences on this composite index. A total of 830 official matches from LaLiga men’s first division and Spanish Copa del Rey were analyzed, which resulted in 24,980 match observations collected from 1138 male players (forwards, n = 286; midfielders, n = 441; defenders, n = 411). The physical performance variables, which represent the locomotor demands, were collected using electronic performance tracking systems. A Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to measure performance. The PLS-SEM output had three significant latent components, which explained 95% of the initial variability, that were related to the acceleration-specific performance (component 1), high-intensity running-related variables (component 2), and medium intensity actions variables (component 3). Also, a linear regression analysis was used to explore relationships between playing activity time (hours—X axis) and the composite index (10-point scale—Y axis), in which a strong and positive correlation was observed between individual playing time and the composite index (r = 0.76; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.58). Also, significant positive correlations were observed in forwards (r = 0.85; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.74), midfielders (r = 0.80; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.64), and defenders (r = 0.67; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.45). However, significant differences between playing positions with a small effect size (p < 0.05; eta-squared = 0.01) were found. From a practical perspective, this study may serve as a reference for sports performance practitioners to create a composite index that measures the overall players’ physical performance. The instructions to create this index are available in the manuscript.
Prediction the changes of anthropometric indices following a weight-loss diet in overweight and obese women by mathematical models
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Attari Vahideh , Nourmohammadi Mahdieh , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mahluji Sepideh , Malek Mahdavi Aida , Esmaeili Parya
Published: June 2024

Estimating the change rates in body size following the weight loss programs is very important in the compliance of those programs. Although, there is enough evidence on the significant association of body weight change with the other anthropometric indices and/ or body composition, there is so limited studies that have depicted this relationship as mathematical formulas. Therefore, the present research designed to use a mathematical model to predict changes of anthropometric indices following a weight-loss diet in the overweight and obese women. In this longitudinal study, 212 overweight/obese women who received an individualized low-calorie diet (LCD) were selected and followed-up for five months. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body composition (lean mass and fat mass) were performed. Then, body mass index, waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index (BAI) were calculated using the related formula. Following the LCD led to the substantial and consistent changes in various anthropometric indices over time. All of these anthropometric variations were significantly related with the percent change (PC) of body weight except than WHR. Moreover, according to the mathematical formulas, weight loss was closely related to the decrease of WC (PC-WC =  − 0.120 + 0.703 × PC-WT), HC (PC-HC =  − 0.350 + 0.510 × PC-WT), body fat percentage (PC-Body Fat =  − 0.019 + 0.915 × PC-WT), WHtR (PC-WHtR =  − 0.113 + 0.702 × PC-WT), and improvements in ABSI (PC-ABSI =  − 0.112 + 0.034 × PC-WT) and AVI (PC-AVI =  − 0.324 + 1.320 × PC-WT). The decreasing rates of WC, HC, body fat percentage, WHtR, ABSI, and AVI in relation to the weight loss were clinically and statistically significant. This means that a healthy weight lowering diet would be accompanied by decreasing the body fat, body size and also the risk of morbidities.
Multiple myeloma incidence and mortality trends in the United States, 1999–2020
Authors: Zhu David T. , Park Andrew , Lai Alan , Zhang Lingxiao , Attar Hiba , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: June 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder accounting for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. There is limited epidemiological evidence regarding the long-term trends and disparities in MM in the US. We conducted a multiple time point cross-sectional study using MM incidence rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and mortality data from the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Underlying Cause of Death database between 1999 and 2020. During this period, MM incidence has steadily increased, while MM mortality has steadily decreased, with substantial racial and ethnic disparities. Non-Hispanic Black individuals exhibited the highest incidence rates, which consistently rose from 12.02 (95% CI 10.54, 13.64) in 1999 to 14.20 (95% CI 12.93, 15.55) per 100,000 population by 2020. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Native Alaskans and Asian/Pacific Islanders demonstrated the lowest incidence rates of 5.59 (95% CI 2.69, 10.04) and 3.56 (95% CI 2.94, 4.27) per 100,000 population in 1999 to 5.76 (95% CI 3.49, 8.90) and 3.92 (95% CI 3.46, 4.42) per 100,000 population, respectively, by 2020. Disparities by gender, age, US census region, and rurality were observed, underscoring the importance of targeted, equity-centered interventions and MM screening initiatives for at-risk populations.
Towards a public policy of cities and human settlements in the 21st century
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Becker Sophia , Berrill Peter , Bongs Constanze , Bussler Alexandra , Cave Ben , M. Constantino Sara , Grant Marcus , Heeren Niko , Heinen Eva , Hintz Marie Josefine , Ingen-Housz Timothee , Johnson Eric , Kolleck Nina , Liotta Charlotte , Lorek Sylvia , Mattioli Giulio , Niamir Leila , McPhearson Timon , Milojevic-Dupont Nikola , Nachtigall Florian , Nagel Kai , Närger Henriette , Pathak Minal , Perrin de Brichambaut Paola , Reckien Diana , Reisch Lucia A. , Revi Aromar , Schuppert Fabian , Sudmant Andrew , Wagner Felix , Walkenhorst Janina , Weber Elke , Wilmes Michael , Wilson Charlie , Zekar Aicha
Published: June 2024

Cities and other human settlements are major contributors to climate change and are highly vulnerable to its impacts. They are also uniquely positioned to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lead adaptation efforts. These compound challenges and opportunities require a comprehensive perspective on the public policy of human settlements. Drawing on core literature that has driven debate around cities and climate over recent decades, we put forward a set of boundary objects that can be applied to connect the knowledge of epistemic communities and support an integrated urbanism. We then use these boundary objects to develop the Goals-Intervention-Stakeholder-Enablers (GISE) framework for a public policy of human settlements that is both place-specific and provides insights and tools useful for climate action in cities and other human settlements worldwide. Using examples from Berlin, we apply this framework to show that climate mitigation and adaptation, public health, and well-being goals are closely linked and mutually supportive when a comprehensive approach to urban public policy is applied.
Incorporation of a carboxyl-functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquid into a UiO-66 type MOF for chemical fixation of CO2 into carbonates
Authors: Lin Jianghui , Luo Jiamei , Zhang Mengjia , Zhang Lei , Cai Guohui , Zou Jiahua , Li Ling
Published: June 2024

CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides using ionic MOFs.
Ampere-level oxygen evolution reaction driven by Co3O4 nanoparticles supported on layered TiO2
Authors: Tang Hong , Wu Wei , Kojima Takahiro , Kazumi Kenji , Fukami Kazuhiro , Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

The Co3O4 nanoparticles supported on a layered TiO2 surface by Co–O–Ti covalent bond towards the highly active ampere-level oxygen evolution reaction.
Activation and functionalisation of carbon dioxide by bis-tris(pyrazolyl)borate-supported divalent samarium and trivalent lanthanide silylamide complexes
Authors: Chowdhury Tajrian , Wilson Claire , Farnaby Joy H.
Published: June 2024

The activation and functionalisation of carbon dioxide by bis-tris(pyrazolyl)borate-supported divalent samarium and trivalent lanthanide silylamide complexes have been reported.
Ab initio study of stability and quadrupole coupling constants in borophosphates
Authors: Kalinkin Michael O. , Kellerman Dina G. , Medvedeva Nadezhda I.
Published: June 2024

Using ab initio calculations, the formation energy and quadrupole coupling constants are discussed in a series of borophosphates as dependent on the multiplicity of boron sites, as well as the coordination and distortions of polyhedra.
Engineering a molecular electrocatalytic system for energy-efficient ammonia production from wastewater nitrate
Authors: Miller Dean M. , Liu Matthew J. , Abels Kristen , Kogler Anna , Williams Kindle S. , Tarpeh William A.
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalyst-in-a-box, a novel reactive separation process, enables a molecular catalyst to convert wastewater nitrate into purified ammonia.
Multiple barriers for micropollutants in nutrient recovery from centrate – combining membrane bioreactor and electrodialysis
Authors: Genz Paul , Hofmann Anna Hendrike , Katayama Victor Takazi , Reemtsma Thorsten
Published: June 2024

The removal of organic micropollutants, metals and metalloids was studied in an innovative two-stage system during nutrient recovery from centrate.
Analyzing the charge contributions of metal–organic framework derived nanosized cobalt nitride/carbon composites in asymmetrical supercapacitors
Authors: Shrivastav Vishal , Mansi  , Dubey Prashant , Tiwari Umesh K. , Deep Akash , Nogala Wojciech , Sundriyal Shashank
Published: June 2024

A Ragone plot showing the energy density and power density of the device (Co4N/carbon//Z-800) and the surface controlled contribution of Co4N/carbon electrode.
Expedient, regioselective C–H chalcogenation of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazines using a palladium–copper catalyst
Authors: Lalji Ram Sunil Kumar , Monika  , Gupta Mohit , Kumar Sandeep , Butcher Ray J. , Singh Brajendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

Palladium-catalyzed chalcogenation of benzoxazines has been achieved. The reaction shows broad substrate scope and late-stage functionalization potential. The regioselective product formation occurrs through a palladacycle.
Morpholine-modified Ru-based agents with multiple antibacterial mechanisms as metalloantibiotic candidates against Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Lin Shijie , Song Yun , Sun Yajuan , Lin Wenjing , Yu Guangying , Liao Xiangwen , Yang Qiang
Published: June 2024

A ruthenium-based agent modified with a morpholine moiety, Ru(ii)-3 not only possessed excellent bactericidal efficacy, but also overcome bacterial resistance. In addition, it also showed significant anti-infective activity in vivo.
Fabrication of thermo-responsive multicore microcapsules using a facile extrusion process
Authors: Lavertu Jean-Danick , Bawa Kamaljeet Kaur , Hrapovic Sabahudin , Fu Dong , Oh Jung Kwon , Hemraz Usha D.
Published: June 2024

A process employing extrusion was used to produce multicore microcapsules composed of multiple beads.
Synthesis and biological research of new imidazolone-sulphonamide-pyrimidine hybrids as potential EGFR-TK inhibitors and apoptosis-inducing agents
Authors: Binjawhar Dalal Nasser , Katouah Hanadi A. , Alshaye Najla A. , Alharthi Jawaher , Alsharif Ghadi , Elsaid Fahmy G. , Fayad Eman , Abu Almaaty Ali H.
Published: June 2024

A sequence of novel imidazolone-sulphonamide-pyrimidine hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Textured anti-reflection and down-conversion composite functional films for high-efficiency solar cells
Authors: Jin Sijia , Wang Shengxuan , Feng Hailong , He Darren , Hsu Alex , Du Zhenxing , Sun Wei , He Haiyan , Shou Chunhui , Sun Shien , Yang Deren , Wang Lei
Published: June 2024

A composite functional film with a random positive-pyramidal light-trapping structure and down-conversion capabilities has been prepared by the soft nanoimprint technique to enhance light utilization for solar cells.
Responsive soft actuator: harnessing multi-vapor, light, and magnetic field stimuli
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Satapathy Dillip K.
Published: June 2024

Bioinspired soft actuators, capable of undergoing shape deformation in response to external triggers.
An advanced green fused diazonium initiating substance
Authors: Li Chengchuang , Tang Jie , Cheng Guangbin , Xiao Chuan , Yang Hongwei
Published: June 2024

The first example of fused diazonium primary explosive OPPD exhibiting much better comprehensive properties than DDNP will be reported.
Over 29%-efficient, stable n–i–p monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells based on double-sided poly-Si/SiO2 passivating contact silicon cells
Authors: Duan Leiping , Phang Sieu Pheng , Yan Di , Stuckelberger Josua , Walter Daniel , Hou Yihui , Wang Wei , Chang Nathan , Bui Anh Dinh , Mayon Azul Osorio , Chang Lichun , Kang Di , Duong The , Basnet Rabin , Nguyen Hieu , White Thomas , Bullock James , Weber Klaus , MacDonald Daniel , Catchpole Kylie , Shen Heping
Published: June 2024

Over 29%-efficient monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells based on a poly-Si/SiO2 passivating contact solar cell.
Chiral quantum dots for bioapplications
Authors: Li Guangmin , Zheng Jiayun , Li Jiafeng , Kang Jiajia , Jin Xinyu , Guo Anning , Chen Zhibo , Fei Xuening , Wang Kaiyuan , Liu Hongfei , Zhao Hongbin , Liu Wei , Yang Gaoling
Published: June 2024

This article provides a comprehensive review of chiral quantum dots used for bioapplications. The chiral mechanisms, g factor and some bioapplications are also discussed.
Magnetic properties of the umbral boundary during sunspot decay
Authors: García-Rivas M. , Jurčák J. , Bello González N.
Published: June 2024

Context. In recent years, the magnetic properties of the umbra-penumbra boundary of sunspots and the boundary of pores at various evolutionary stages have been characterised using datasets from different instruments.

Aims. We aim to study the intrinsic differences between the intensity and vector magnetic field properties derived from Hinode/SP and SDO/HMI observations of a decaying sunspot.

Methods. We analysed the sunspot embedded in active region NOAA 12797 during six days in 30 SP/Hinode scans and 704 HMI/SDO for both regular maps and maps corrected for scattered light, HMIdcon. We studied the correlation of the magnetic properties and continuum intensity in the datasets within the spot, and we investigated the differences at the umbra-penumbra boundary. We examined the decaying process in detail using the full temporal resolution of the HMIdcon maps.

Results. We find a good one-to-one correspondence between the magnetic properties in the SP and HMIdcon maps, but the continuum intensity of the spots in the SP maps is found to be 0.04 IQS brighter than in the HMIdcon maps. The considerable influence of scattered light in the HMI maps makes it the least ideal dataset for studying the boundary of spots without a penumbra. The properties at the umbra-penumbra boundary evolve slowly during the sunspot decay stage, while the penumbra still provides some stability. In contrast, they respond more abruptly to areal changes in the naked-spot stage. During the sunspot decay, we find linear decay in the area and in the magnetic flux. Moreover, the umbra shows two characteristic decaying processes: a slow decay during the first three days, and a sudden fast decay during the final dissipation of the penumbra. We find indications of a 3.5 h lag between the dissipation of the vertical fields in the umbral region and the photometric decay of the umbral area.

Conclusions. The differences found in the continuum intensity and in the vertical component of the magnetic field, Bver, between the analysed datasets explain the discrepancies among the Bver values found at the boundaries of umbrae in previous studies.
First determination of the angular dependence of rise and decay times of solar radio bursts using multi-spacecraft observations
Authors: Chrysaphi Nicolina , Maksimovic Milan , Kontar Eduard P. , Vecchio Antonio , Chen Xingyao , Pesini Aikaterini
Published: June 2024

A large arsenal of space-based and ground-based instruments is dedicated to the observation of radio emissions, whether they originate within our solar system or not. Radio photons interact with anisotropic density fluctuations in the heliosphere which can alter their trajectory and influence the properties that are deduced from observations. This is particularly evident in solar radio observations, where anisotropic scattering leads to highly directional radio emissions. Consequently, observers at varying locations will measure different properties, including different source sizes, source positions, and intensities. However, it is not known whether the measurements of the decay time of solar radio bursts are also affected by the observer’s position. Decay times are dominated by scattering effects, and so are frequently used as proxies of the level of density fluctuations in the heliosphere, making the identification of any location-related dependence crucial. We combine multi-vantage observations of interplanetary Type III bursts from four non-collinear, angularly separated spacecraft with simulations to investigate the dependence of the decay- and rise-time measurements on the separation of the observer from the source. We propose a function to characterise the entire time profile of radio signals, allowing for the simultaneous estimation of the peak flux, decay time, and rise time, while demonstrating that the rise phase of radio bursts is non-exponential, having a non-constant growth rate. We determine that the decay and rise times are independent of the observer’s position, identifying them as the only properties that remain unaffected and thus do not require corrections for the observer’s location. Moreover, we examine the ratio between the rise and decay times and find that it does not depend on the frequency. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that the rise phase is also significantly impacted by scattering effects, adding to our understanding of the plasma emission process.
Combining reference-star and angular differential imaging for high-contrast imaging of extended sources
Authors: Juillard S. , Christiaens V. , Absil O. , Stasevic S. , Milli J.
Published: June 2024

Context. High-contrast imaging (HCI) is a technique designed to observe faint signals near bright sources, such as exoplanets and circumstellar disks. The primary challenge in revealing the faint circumstellar signal near a star is the presence of quasi-static speckles, which can produce patterns on the science images that are as bright, or even brighter, than the signal of interest. Strategies such as angular differential imaging (ADI) or reference-star differential imaging (RDI) aim to provide a means of removing the quasi-static speckles in post-processing.

Aims. In this paper, we present and discuss the adaptation of state-of-the-art algorithms, initially designed for ADI, to jointly leverage angular and reference-star differential imaging (ARDI) for the direct HCI of circumstellar disks.

Methods. Using a collection of HCI datasets, we assessed the performance of ARDI in comparison to ADI and RDI based on iterative principal component analysis (IPCA). These diverse datasets were acquired under various observing conditions and include the injection of synthetic disk models at various contrast levels. We also considered reference stars with different levels of correlation with the science targets.

Results. Our results demonstrate that ARDI with IPCA improves the quality of recovered disk images and the sensitivity to planets embedded in disks, compared to ADI or RDI individually. This enhancement is particularly pronounced when dealing with extended sources exhibiting highly ambiguous structures that cannot be accurately retrieved using ADI alone, and when the quality of the reference frames is suboptimal, leading to an underperformance of RDI. We finally applied our method to a sample of real observations of protoplanetary disks taken in star-hopping mode, and propose to revisit the protoplanetary claims associated with these disks. Among eight proposed protoplanets claimed through velocity kinks or direct imaging, none of them were re-detected in our new processed images.
Ariel stellar characterisation
Authors: da Silva R. , Danielski C. , Delgado Mena E. , Magrini L. , Turrini D. , Biazzo K. , Tsantaki M. , Rainer M. , Helminiak K. G. , Benatti S. , Adibekyan V. , Sanna N. , Sousa S. , Casali G. , Van der Swaelmen M.
Published: June 2024

Context. One of the ultimate goals of the ESA Ariel space mission is to shed light on the formation pathways and evolution of planetary systems in the Solar neighbourhood. Stellar elemental abundances are the cipher key to decode planetary compositional signatures. This makes it imperative to perform a large chemical survey not only of the planets, but their host stars as well.

Aims. This work is aimed at providing homogeneous chemical abundances for C, N, and O among a sample of 181 stars belonging to Tier 1 of the Ariel mission candidate sample.

Methods. We applied the spectral synthesis and equivalent width methods to a variety of atomic and molecular indicators (C I lines at 5052 and 5380.3 Å, [O I] forbidden line at 6300.3 Å, C2 bands at 5128 and 5165 Å, and CN band at 4215 Å) using high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra collected with a range of spectrographs.

Results. We determined carbon abundances for 180 stars, nitrogen abundances for 105 stars, and oxygen abundances for 89 stars. We analysed the results in the light of the Galactic chemical evolution and in terms of the planetary companion properties. We find that our sample essentially follows standard trends with respect to the metallicity values expected for the [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [O/Fe] abundance ratios. The proportion between carbon and oxygen abundances (both yields of primary production) is consistent with a constant ratio as [O/H] increases. Meanwhile, the abundance of nitrogen tends to increase with the increasing of the oxygen abundance, supporting the theoretical assumption of a secondary production of nitrogen. The [C/N], [C/O], and [N/O] abundance ratios are also correlated with [Fe/H], which might introduce biases in the interpretation of the planetary compositions and formation histories when host stars of different metallicities are compared. Finally, we provide relations that can be used to qualitatively estimate whether the atmospheric composition of planets is enriched (or otherwise) with respect to the host stars.
Applying infrared thermography to a latest residential building in France: case study, verifying dwellings national thermal regulations RT 2012 mainly thermal bridges assessment
Authors: Ramenah Harry
Published: June 2024

High-performance insulation and airtight building envelopes are the two most important factors to optimize the building energy efficiency and thermal performance. However, thermal performance of building envelopes can be significantly affected by thermal bridging. Thermal bridges can take place at different locations of the building envelope, causing added transmission losses, increasing heat flow, lower inner surface temperatures. Thermal bridges are regarded in all national regulations for new buildings of all states of European Union (EU) but there are no specifications assessing balconies to wall junctions and the impact on the building thermal performance is not well regulated. In this paper, balcony to wall thermal bridge assessment using infrared thermography is highlighted. The originality is that, infrared thermography, has been applied to a real living latest building in the north east of France showing that there is noncompliance in the national regulations as some exigencies are not met. Thermography of thermal break windows and window doors has also revealed air leakage. The goal, is to illustrate that thermal imaging is a means of quality assurance to new building specifications and should include a clause specifying quality assurance procedure for balconies junction in national building regulations for all states of the EU.
Zehn Jahre Hypoglossusnerv-Stimulation bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe – ein systematischer Literaturreview
Authors: Habetha Susanne , Sauermann Sven , Müller Stefanie , Gottschalk Gerd
Published: June 2024

Zielsetzung Es soll die Bedeutung der Hypoglossusnerv-Stimulation (HGNS) als Behandlungsmethode der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) im deutschen Versorgungskontext dargestellt werden, um im Ergebnis eine bessere Einschätzung darüber zu erhalten, in welcher Weise Patienten, die bisher nicht ausreichend versorgt sind, von der HGNS profitieren können.

Methoden Anhand einer systematischen Literaturauswertung in den Literaturdatenbanken Medline und Cochrane Library, in die unterschiedliche Stimulationstechnologien eingeschlossen wurden, wurde die Wirksamkeit der HGNS mithilfe patientenrelevanter Endpunkte (Tagesschläfrigkeit, Lebensqualität), die Therapieadhärenz sowie der Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index (AHI) und Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) eingeschätzt. Die Sicherheit der Behandlungsmethode wurde anhand der unerwünschten Ereignisse (UE) überprüft.

Ergebnisse Einschluss und Auswertung von 33 Publikationen: 2 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs, Level Ib), 1 Studie Level IIb (n = 1) und 30 Studien Level IV mit einer Studiendauer von bis zu 60 Monaten. In den RCTs zeigten sich für die Tagesschläfrigkeit und Lebensqualität unter Anwendung der HGNS bessere Werte als in der Kontrollgruppe. AHI und ODI wiesen unter Placebostimulation bzw. Therapieentzug in den RCTs eine Verschlechterung auf. Zur Adhärenz wurden auch im Langzeitverlauf konsistent hohe Werte berichtet. Schwere UE unter HGNS waren selten und konnten meist durch eine Repositionierung von Elektroden oder einen Austausch von Geräteteilen beseitigt werden. Andere UE waren überwiegend vorübergehend oder konnten durch nicht-invasive Maßnahmen behoben werden. Alle untersuchten Parameter zeigten gleichgerichtete Ergebnisse in den ausgewerteten Studien. Die Ergebnisse von unterschiedlichen Stimulationssystemen sind in Art und Ausmaß vergleichbar.

Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf einer umfangreichen
Literaturauswertung unterstreichen konsistente Daten die Bedeutung der HGNS als wirksame und
sichere Behandlung der OSA nach erfolgloser CPAP-Behandlung. Die Auswertung lässt darüber
hinaus erkennen, dass die unterschiedlichen Stimulationssysteme eine an den
patientenindividuellen Erfordernissen ausgerichtete Therapie ermöglichen. Eine zukünftige
systematische Auswertung von Real-World-Daten zur Anwendung der HGNS erscheint notwendig, um
zusätzliche Erkenntnisse über die Relevanz der Methode in der klinischen Routine zu erhalten.
A Case of Autism Spectrum Disorder Treated with Theridion currasavicum Prescribed on the Basis of Group Approach
Authors: Gilla Deepthi , Thrivikraman Subhadra Kudukkasseri , Pillai Preema Edavilayil Pareed
Published: June 2024

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder of unknown aetiology. There is a growing prevalence of ASD globally. Currently, there are no specific treatment that can address the core impairments of ASD.

Case Summary A 5-year male child was brought to outpatient department with complaints of irritability, restlessness, howling, repeating words spoken to him, repeating phrases, hand flapping, self-hurting and hurting others, climbing stairs repeatedly, repeated drawing of squares everywhere, poor social interaction, poor peer-play and inappropriate playing with toys. The case was diagnosed as ASD and was assessed with the autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) at baseline and follow-up visits. The case was treated with Theridion currasavicum in centesimal scale. ATEC score at baseline of 118 turned to 69 at the 12th month and 42 after 24 months of treatment. The remedy was repeated during monthly visits in ascending potencies. The child improved in the domains of social interaction, communication, repetitive stereotype movements, restricted interests and general health. The likelihood of causal relationship between intervention and outcome has been discussed as per modified Naranjo criteria for homoeopathy. This case report highlights the usefulness of the group approach and aetiological prescription as one way of arriving at the similimum in children with autism.
Predictive Factors for Regression versus Progression of Nonevacuated Posttraumatic Acute Extradural Hematoma
Authors: Elkholy Hany , Elnoamany Hossam , Hussein Mohamed Adel
Published: June 2024

Study Design This study was a retrospective study conducted from October 2020 to October 2022 on 106 posttraumatic patients with acute extradural hematomas (EDHs) who were initially planned for conservative treatment. 74 patients had spontaneous EDH regression (EDHR), while 32 patients developed EDH progression (EDHP) and were shifted for surgery. The two groups were statistically compared regarding the different demographic, clinical, and radiographic factors to identify the significant predictors for regression versus progression of acute posttraumatic EDH.

Objectives Conventionally, urgent evacuation is the accepted management for EDH. However, several recent reports have described successful conservative management in selected patients. There are no adequate clues to verify patients who will have spontaneous EDHR from those at risk for EDHP and delayed surgery. The main objective of this study was to identify the significant predictors for possible regression versus progression of acute posttraumatic EDH initially planned for nonsurgical treatment.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study conducted over 2 years, included 106 head trauma patients with acute EDH, who were admitted to our department and were initially planned for conservative treatment. Various demographic, clinical, and radiographic factors were analyzed to verify the significant predictors for spontaneous EDHR (EDHR group) versus EDHP and subsequent surgical evacuation (EDHP group).

Results The mean age was 20.37 ± 12.712 years and the mean Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) was 12.83 ± 2.113. Total 69.8% of patients showed spontaneous EDHR, while 30.2% developed EDHP and were shifted for surgical evacuation. Statistical comparison showed that higher GCS (p = 0.002), frontal location (p = 0.022), and concomitant fissure fracture (p =  0.014) were the significant predictors for EDHR, while younger age (p = 0.006), persistent nausea/vomiting (p = 0.046), early computed tomography (CT) after trauma (p = 0.021), temporal location (p < 0.001), and coagulopathy (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with EDHP.

Conclusion Patients with traumatic EDH fitting the criteria of initial nonsurgical treatment necessitates 48 hours of close observation and serial CT scans at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours to confirm the regression or early detect the EDHP. Patients with high GCS, frontal hematomas, and associated fissure fracture are at low risk for EDHP. Increased alertness is mandatory for young age and patients with persistent nausea/vomiting, early CT scan, temporal hematomas, or coagulopathy.
Effect of Serum Ionic Magnesium on Neurological Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bal Sangram , Jain Surendra , Acharya Sushil , Gupta Ashok
Published: June 2024

Background Magnesium is considered to have important role in cytotoxic and reperfusion pathways, deficiency of which may lead to secondary brain injuries; thus, hypomagnesemia is thought to be detrimental in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum ionic magnesium level and neurological outcome in severe TBI patients.

Materials and Methods Eighty-four patients with severe TBI aged between 20 and 80 years admitted within 24 hours of injury included in our study. All patients were divided into two categories on the basis of initial serum magnesium levels as low serum magnesium level and normal serum magnesium level. Data was collected on the basis of age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the time of admission, and neurological outcome evaluation done on the basis of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the end of 6 months.

Results Among the total patients, 32 patients had low serum magnesium level (< 1.6 mg/dL) at the time of admission. About 87.5% patients with low serum magnesium level had poor neurological outcome as compared to 12.5% of patients (p < 0.001) had good neurological outcome evaluated on the basis of GOS. Logistic regression model identified low Mg level (odds ratio = 6.593, p = 0.002) and GCS score less than 5 (odds ratio = 3.099, p = 0.028) as independent predictors of TBI.

Conclusion Hypomagnesemia seems to be an independent prognostic marker in severe TBI that can lead to poorer outcomes.