bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS DESAFIOS DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE À REAÇÃO ANAFILÁTICA EM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Silva Priscila Nascimento da , Ferreira Tainara de Souza , Dias Gabriel Bezerra , Serique Maria Alice Barbosa
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Anafilaxia tem como definição uma reação alérgica ou de hipersensibilidade sistêmica aguda, grave, potencialmente fatal, causada por mecanismos de hipersensibilidade. Objetivo: avaliar a percepção da equipe de Enfermagem frente ao manejo da Anafilaxia em crianças de modo que os cuidados necessários sejam realizados de forma imediata. Métodos: A pesquisa é um estudo de revisão crítica de literatura descritivo e comparativo através de pesquisa em bancos de dados como PUBMED, SCIELO (Scientific Eletronic Libray Online) e Google Acadêmico, além da utilização de livros com complementação da busca no acervo da biblioteca setorial da Faculdade Metropolitana de Manaus (FAMETRO). Resultados: Contribuir e ampliar para a questão do debate sobre o desafio da Enfermagem frente Reação Anafilática em Crianças, através de abordagens de forma imediata, reconhecendo os mecanismos da doença. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de anafilaxia é baseado em critérios clínicos definidos, havendo suspeita de alergia a algum material, mesmo que remota, o profissional deverá abordar o protocolo de atendimento de urgência e emergências médicas, para assim evitar complicações fatais.
THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ON YOUTH SEXUAL PREVALENCE: EVIDENCES FROM MALAYSIA
Authors:   Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, SENADJKI ABDELHAK
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Internet has not only facilitated the use of technology but has also allowed for greater access and unlimited dissemination of information and knowledge. Like a two-edge sword, when abused, technology could easily be harmful and detrimental to users, including youth. Youth is considered as one of the high risk groups easily affected by the negativity of technology. This is so because of youth exploratory instinct and high curiosity level towards their environment. Given this background, this study aims to investigate the impact of technology on youth sexual prevalence. The sexual prevalence investigated is sexual behaviour and pornography. By using a structured questionnaire on 1150 of youth in Malaysia, this study explores youth sexual prevalence using scoring method and regression analysis. The study finds that Malaysian youth sexual prevalence is at moderate level and that many technology- related activities statistically influences youth sexual prevalence. Keywords: technology, sexual behaviour, pornography, youth
PENGLIBATAN REMAJA PEREMPUAN DALAM PENYALAHGUNAAN BAHAN
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia., CHE MOHD NASIR NORRUZEYATI
Published: May 2024

ABSTRAK Masalah penyalahgunaan bahan khususnya dadah kekal sebagai musuh utama negara. Perkara yang menimbulkan kebimbangan berhubung penyalahgunaan bahan ialah semakin ramai golongan wanita termasuk remaja perempuan yang terlibat dalam masalah ini. Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK) menyatakan bilangan penagih dadah wanita terus bertambah ekoran semakin ramai daripada mereka yang menghisap rokok, bekalan dadah mudah diperoleh, desakan hidup, pengaruh rakan sebaya dan kurang resilien. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk meneroka faktor penglibatan remaja perempuan dalam penyalahgunaan bahan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sebagai reka bentuk kajian. Seramai lapan responden di salah sebuah Asrama Akhlak telah dipilih secara bertujuan bagi mendapatkan data berkaitan. Kaedah penggumpulan data dilakukan melalui temu bual mendalam dengan lapan responden yang melibatkan satu hingga dua sesi. Setiap sesi mengambil masa antara 45 minit sehingga satu jam. Hasil temu bual telah dianalisis secara sistematik dan mendapati penglibatan remaja perempuan dalam penyalahgunaan bahan disebabkan oleh pengaruh rakan sebaya, keluarga yang bermasalah dan meningkatkan stamina dalam aktiviti seksual. Hasil kajian ini adalah signifikan khususnya kepada pengamal bantuan seperti pekerja sosial dan kaunselor dalam merangka strategi intervensi bagi memulih dan mencegah remaja perempuan daripada terlibat dalam masalah ini. Selain itu, hasil kajian adalah signifikan dalam menyediakan program dan aktiviti berkaitan penyalahgunaan bahan terutamanya dalam kalangan remaja perempuan. Kata Kunci: Faktor penglibatan, penyalahgunaan bahan, remaja perempuan, kajian kualitatif.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENAGIHAN SEMULA DALAM KALANGAN BELIA
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia, MOHD ARIFFIN NURHAZLINA
Published: May 2024

ABSTRAK Fenomena penagihan semula dadah dalam kalangan belia bukan merupakan satu isu yang baru di negara kita, Malaysia. Ianya terbukti apabila statistik penagihan dadah di Malaysia yang dikeluarkan oleh Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan Malaysia (AADK) sehingga 2018 menunjukkan peratusan penagih dadah terutamanya penagih berulang adalah paling ramai terdiri daripada golongan belia. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor berlakunya penagihan semula dadah. Kajian ini juga cuba menentukan faktor utama penyebab kepada penagihan semula dan seterusnya membantu mencadangkan saranan kepada pihak pusat pemulihan di dalam membentuk pelan tindakan sosial yang bersesuaian dan berkesan ke arah menurunkan kadar residivisme pengguna dadah ke pusat pemulihan. Kajian yang dijalankan di Pusat Serenti Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang (PSBM) telah melibatkan seramai lapan (8) orang responden yang telah dipilih secara sukarela serta memenuhi ciri-ciri yang telah ditetapkan oleh pengkaji. Data dikumpulkan menerusi temubual mendalam secara separa berstruktur, perbincangan kumpulan fokus dan penggunaan maklumat sekunder daripada laporan tahunan, laporan sosial responden, statistik dari pusat pemulihan dan lain- lain sumber berkaitan. Data telah dianalisa menggunakan analisa kandungan iaitu penemuan mengikut tema-tema tertentu. Hasil kajian mendapati penagihan semula berlaku disebabkan oleh aspek psikososial iaitu faktor dalaman seperti tahap self- efficacy yang rendah, perubahan emosi negatif dan pembentukkan persepsi yang salah tentang penggunaan dadah yang dianggap sebagai satu-satunya jalan terbaik untuk menyelesaikan sebarang masalah yang dihadapi. Di samping itu, pengaruh faktor luaran seperti sistem kekeluargaan, pengaruh rakan-rakan, ketiadaan sokongan masyarakat, kesukaran mendapatkan pekerjaan akibat stigma sebagai bekas penagih dadah dan ketidakberkesanan pusat pemulihan yang terdahulu turut menyumbang kepada berlakunya residivisme pengguna dadah ke pusat pemulihan. Pengaruh rakan-rakan telah dikenalpasti sebagai faktor utama yang menyebabkan berlakunya isu pengulangan ini. Kata Kunci : dadah, penagihan, penagihan semula, self efficacy, rakan sebaya
Arabic Language Literacy as an All-Important Aid in English Language Teaching to Arabic-Speaking Students
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Al-Haj
Published: May 2024

Current research points to the importance of native language literacy in the development of second language literacy. Knowledge and skills transfer across languages from the mother tongue to the second language. But such knowledge and skills will only transfer if they have been thoroughly learned. Due to the low standard of Arabic proficiency among both English teachers and learners, literacy in Arabic is not made use of in developing literacy in English. In particular, the teaching of English could greatly benefit from the use of Arabic grammatical and phonetic concepts that are not sufficiently developed in English grammar and language. Only a select number of such concepts are reviewed in this paper to serve as indicators of the advantages to be gained by a deeper study and knowledge of Arabic language phonetics and grammar.
CYP17A1 Network Analysis in Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma for Retrieval of Polycystic ovaries Targets
Authors: Shah Zafar Abbas , Tayyab Asima
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: CYP17A1 is great metabolic switch for androgen overproduction which is hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)initiation and progression. There is an urgent need to determine CYP17A1 mediated set of metabolic therapeutic targets for PCOS to control androgen synthesis with wide range of molecular options.
Methodology: We apply rational in silico approach for determination of PCOS comprehensive set of drug targets. First, we retrieve CYP17A1 network dataset from STRING database (https://string-db.org/) by querying CYP17A1 name that gives us updated 30 nodes containing network with unique options of enrichment analysis and module extraction. The enrichment analysis determines CYP17A1 network involvement in steroidogenesis process with carcinogenesis and drug metabolism. We select ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma dataset from cBioPortal server (https://www.cbioportal.org/) for CYP17A1 network differential analysis.
Results: In this study, several steroid synthesis pathway members showed overexpression including SRD5A1, AKR1C3, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP7A1, AKR1C1, AKR1D1, CYP7B1, CYP21A2, POR and HSD17B8 and are ideal biomarkers that provide cell cycle energy requirements for ovarian carcinoma. Few anti-androgenic members such as HSD17B2, STS, SULT2B1 and CYB5A showed down regulation that predicts the impact of hyper androgenemia on carcinogenesis. Drug metabolism components also showed up regulation which can be potential biomarkers for drug resistance in chemotherapies.
Conclusion: Our work suggests androgen and its synthesis pathway paramount in tumorigenesis and is an excellent therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma. In future, validation of CYP17A1 network as a signature in both ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and PCOS dataset may lead to novel shared therapeutic combinations and tremendous syndrome-syndrome molecular linkage for personalized medicine.
Preservation of ovarian function using human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells
Authors: Lee Dong Ryul , Lee Jeoung Eun
Published: May 2024

Ovarian reserve diminishes with age, and older women experience a corresponding shift in sex hormone levels. These changes contribute to an age-dependent decrease in fertility and a decline in overall health. Furthermore, while survival rates following cancer treatment have improved for young female patients, a reduction in ovarian function due to the side effects of such treatments can be difficult to avoid. To date, no effective therapy has been recommended to preserve ovarian health in these patients. Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are considered a promising option for cell therapy aimed at maintaining fertility and fecundity. Although MPCs derived from human adult tissues are recognized for their various protective effects against ovarian senescence, they are limited in quantity. Consequently, human pluripotent stem cell-derived MPCs (hPSC-MPCs), which exhibit high proliferative capacity and retain genetic stability during growth, have been utilized to delay reproductive aging. This review highlights the impact of hPSC-MPCs on preserving the functionality of damaged ovaries in female mouse models subjected to chemotherapy and natural aging. It also proposes their potential as a valuable cell source for fertility preservation in women with a variety of diseases.
O JORNALISMO E O SIMBÓLICO
Authors: Bastos Raabe Cesar Moreira , Alves Gabriela Santos
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa a utilização da palavra “histeria” em títulos e matérias do jornalismo digital brasileiro. É buscado entender como tal uso, entendido aqui como claustro da histeria, colabora para o aprisionamento simbólico de mulheres. A repetição do termo exerce um deslocamento no imaginário social da imagem do feminino. Serão analisados, através de teorias feministas e dos discursos, seis matérias jornalísticas veiculadas entre 2018 e 2022, olhando para a palavra de forma a considerar sua carga histórica nas vivências das mulheres em contraponto com sua colocação nos títulos contemporâneos do jornalismo.
A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INCLUSIVA DE CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO DA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE
Authors: Galúcio Euricléia Do Rosário , Oliveira Breno Louzada Castro de
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo é resultado de um projeto de pesquisa intitulado “A Inclusão escolar de crianças com deficiência na rede Municipal de Ensino de Óbidos/Pará”. Tem como foco central investigar a Educação Especial no contexto da Amazônia Paraense, com olhar para as práticas inclusivas, objetivando analisar o processo de inclusão escolar de crianças com deficiência nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A ideia de uma sociedade inclusiva se fundamenta numa filosofia que reconhece e valoriza às diferenças. Sua proposta traduz uma aspiração antiga, que é proporcionar educação de qualidade a todo cidadão, buscando remover barreiras de aprendizagem, criando espaços construtivos à inclusão. Nesse aspecto, destaca-se a escola, como um dos principais espaços de convivência, troca de conhecimentos e construção de cidadania. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizou-se a pesquisa de campo, de cunho exploratório e documental. Dessa forma, analisamos que o processo de inclusão, ainda, é entendido como apenas a presença física do aluno, e não como parte integrante de um todo. Poucos docentes, conseguem perceber a diferença que a inclusão escolar traz na vida do educando, vendo na escola a possibilidade real de equidade socio educacional.
Trauma-focused group music and imagery with women suffering from PTSD/complex PTSD: A feasibility study
Authors: Rudstam Gabriella , Elofsson Ulf O.E. , Søndergaard Hans Peter , Bonde Lars Ole , Beck Bolette Daniels
Published: May 2024

Women who have been exposed to physical, psychological and/or sexual abuse, often with a history of childhood abuse and neglect, frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). However, the evidence-based treatments recommended for this population help only 50%, so there is a need to investigate complementary methods. In this study one such promising method has been explored: trauma-focused Group Music and Imagery (GrpMI). In a non-randomised clinical setting the feasibility of GrpMI and the suitability of chosen measurements were explored. Ten participants with PTSD/CPTSD were enrolled in the pilot study, five in each group. All participants completed the treatment. The primary outcome was symptoms of PTSD measured at pre-, post- and follow-up. The secondary outcomes were dissociation and quality of life. The results showed a decrease in PTSD and dissociative symptoms, and an increase in quality of life following treatment. This tendency was maintained at follow-up. An analysis of individual, semi-structured interviews with the participants after the termination of the treatment showed that the participants found the group treatment helpful and acceptable. Since the findings indicate that trauma-focused GrpMI has a positive effect on the psychological health of the women, a larger randomised controlled study is needed.
Music as dynamic experience of unfolding wholeness in Guided Imagery and Music (GIM): A psychoanalytic, musical, transpersonal and trans-scientific paradigm
Authors: Lawes Martin
Published: May 2024

This article discusses how the music used in Guided Music and Imagery (GIM) functions as a container for the client’s experience as he opens to unconscious depth. Many different but related perspectives are systematically presented and integrated. Included is a discussion of music having an inner necessity that governs its unfolding. As a result of the client attuning with this necessity, which can be understood ultimately to be that governing the creative unfolding of the universe itself, the music can help the client discover inner resources, find solutions to problems, and experience healing and transformation in the often unexpected yet deeply enriching ways that are possible in GIM.
‘New Blood’: A contemporary GIM programme
Authors: Fuglestad Svein
Published: May 2024

This article is a presentation of a new contemporary Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) program based on orchestral re-recordings of various tracks by the English pop and rock musician Peter Gabriel. The intention is to share with the GIM community the author’s own experiences and perspectives using this music from the popular music genre with individual clients. The different pieces in the music programme are presented and described using the MIA intensity profile, Hevner’s Mood Wheel and the taxonomy of music. Whether the use of non-classical music is consistent with the individual form of the Bonny Method of GIM will be discussed, together with the potential advantages of repetitions and recognitions due to simplicity in structure, form and harmonies in building safety for clients within a therapeutic setting.
Látszik-e még a harmadik út?
Authors: Pauló Edit
Published: May 2024

Recenzió: Eszter Bartha–Tamás Krausz–Bálint Mezei (Eds.): State Socialism in Eastern Europe. History, Theory and Anti-capitalist Alternatives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023. 356 pp.
Faktor – Faktor Psikologis Penyebab Perilaku Bullying
Authors: Chaidar Muhammad , Latifah Riza Arisanty
Published: May 2024

Bullying merupakan fenomena yang merugikan dan dapat berdampak negatif pada kesejahteraan psikologis individu, terutama remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor psikologis yang menjadi penyebab perilaku bullying di kalangan remaja. Studi ini menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian bullying pada remaja melalui metode literature review dari beberapa jurnal terkait. Tinjauan pustaka mengenai definisi bullying, prevalensi, dan konsekuensi bullying digunakan sebagai landasan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang signifikan dalam kejadian bullying pada remaja. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sekolah yang tidak aman, ketidakseimbangan kekuasaan, hubungan sosial yang buruk, serta faktor personal seperti tingkat agresivitas dan rendahnya keterampilan sosial merupakan faktor-faktor utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya bullying. Implikasi dari temuan ini untuk pencegahan dan intervensi bullying pada remaja dibahas dalam konteks upaya membangun lingkungan yang aman dan mendukung bagi seluruh siswa.
Ensemble Learning-based Brain Stroke Prediction Model Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Abulfaraj Anas W. , Dutta Ashit Kumar , Sait Abdul Rahaman Wahab
Published: May 2024

Brain stroke (BS) imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to the long-term care and high expenditure. Earlier detection and intervention can reduce the impact of BS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly applied for BS detection. Deep learning techniques can employ MRI images to identify the BS risks in the initial stages. This study developed a BS detection model using an ensemble learning approach that combines the predictions of the base models. A MobileNet V3 model backbone was used to extract the intricate patterns of BS from MRI images. LightGBM and CatBoost models were used as base models to predict BS using the extracted features. In addition, the random forest model was used to integrate the predictions of base models to identify BS. The proposed model was generalized on a public MRI dataset that covers 2888 clinical MRI images. The experimental outcomes showed the effectiveness of the suggested BS detection model. The proposed model has obtained an accuracy of 98.7%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic score of 0.95, and an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.92. The recommended model is believed to be deployed in real-time healthcare settings to assist radiologists and clinicians in making effective decisions.
Aquinas on Change and Time
Authors: Gili Luca
Published: May 2024

How can God know the future if future things are not actual? Would there be time if no change were to occur in the universe? What allows us to identify a direction in the order of changes independently of the series of instants in time? Aquinas answers all these questions in his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics.
According to him, only entities located in the present exist. The present is nothing but the intermediate between past and future points on the line of time. Time, in turn, is ontologically dependent on change, but despite being its measure, it is mind-independent: time is what makes a changing thing suitable of being understood in a series of successive stages by a possible mind. This revolutionary commentary is nevertheless faithful to the nuances of Aristotle’s text and mark a milestone in the medieval reflection on the natural world. This book explores the core ideas outlined by Aquinas in his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics.
Pemanfaatan Seduhan Teh Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Elly Mulyani  , Sari Yanti  , Dewi Winni Fauziah  , Tika Hardini  , Fadillah Sari  , Parwito Parwito , Rita Wismalinda
Published: May 2024

Antioksidan merupakan molekul yang mampu memperlambat atau mencegah proses oksidasi molekul lain. Oksidasi adalah reaksi kimia yang dapat menghasilkan radikal bebas, sehingga memicu reaksi berantai yang dapat merusak sel. Banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman rosella (Hibiscus sbdariffa L.) bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu senyawa yang berperan sebagai penangkal radikal bebas yang terkandung dalam rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) adalah kandungan senyawa fenolik. Kegiatan dilakukan di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa siswi SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu yang dilakukan dengan beberapa rangkaian yang tentunya mengedukasi, diantara kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pembagian teh bunga rosella, pembagian brosur. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan siswa siswi kelas XII MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu mengetahui pengaruh seduhan teh bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) untuk kesehatan terutama sebagai antioksidan, efek samping, dan cara pembuatan teh bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Edukasi Pembuatan Permen Jelly Dari Buah Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) Untuk Pencegahan Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Di Sma 7 Plus Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Dharmayanti Luky , Herlina  , Sesi Hervitriwita  , Agnes Monica  , Della Triananda  , Yoserizal Sesar
Published: May 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Is a plant that comes from the malvacae family which is known as lady finger. okra also contains phenols and flavonoids which have antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, the fiber contained in okra is suitable for processing as a chewy textured food such as jelly drink.The purpose of this service is for students of SMAN 7 Bengkulu city to know the benefits of okra fruit and its processing in the form of jelly candy which can prevent diabetes mellitus.The method used in this service is by distributing brochures and questionnaires to students of SMAN 7 Bengkulu City and brief material presentations about okra fruit and its processing.The results of the activity obtained were 27 students who liked the taste of jelly candy and 3 students who didn't like it.There were 23 students who liked the aroma and 7 students did not like the aroma.There were 17 students who liked the color and 13 students liked the color a little.
Cyber security of elections
Authors: Gajjar Devyani
Published: May 2024

This briefing discusses cyber security risks to elections. It explores the potential impacts on election outcomes and how these risks can be tackled.
A Troll Religion
Authors: Ovadia Shane Dussault ,   Academic Publishing
Published: May 2024

This study examines the role of internet trolls in contemporary culture. It argues that an digital culture primarily based in anonymity and defined by sadistic humor took two ideological turns. As many others have noted, troll culture has become associated with violent right-wing extremism. However, much less attention was given to Gnostic religious language and behaviors amongst internet trolls. To illustrate this change, we examine Andrew “weev” Auernheimer’s political and religious history to show that he was influenced by the Christian Identity movement, Miguel Serrano’s “Esoteric Hitlerism,” and other extremists. We then analyze the sense in which trolls have formed a community, believe the religious ideas they circulate, and how conversion occurs—how people are drawn from spaces primarily dedicated to humor into a violent esoteric ideology which I call Gnostic Neo-Nazism.
Free Will, Complexity, Dynamical Systems, and All That Jazz
Authors: Kane Robert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2024

Over the past half century, I have been developing and defending a libertarian view of free will that is incompatible with determinism. In the past decade, I have made changes to this view in response to the large critical literature that has developed around it since the publication of my book The Significance of Free Will (Oxford University Press, 1996). This paper describes and defends some of the more significant of these new aspects of my view. Section 1 describes the problem of free will as conceived traditionally and in modern times, as well as the various competing positions on it (compatibilist, libertarian, skeptical, and so forth). In section 2 I concede to compatibilists that there are many meanings of freedom, and that many of them could exist in a thoroughly determined world. But there is one kind of traditional freedom, I argue, that could not exist in a thoroughly determined world—freedom of will. Sections 3 and 4 explain what this freedom of will requires and why it is important. Sections 5–11 then discuss and answer many arguments that have been made against the possibility of such a free will requiring indeterminism.
The Paper Chase Case and Epistemic Accounts of Request Normativity
Authors: Weltman Danny ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2024

According to the epistemic account of request normativity, a request gives us reasons by revealing normatively relevant information. The information is normative, not the request itself. I raise a new objection to the epistemic account based on situations where we might try to avoid someone requesting something of us. The best explanation of these situations seems to be that we do not want to acquire a new reason to do something. For example, if you know I am going to ask you to read a draft of my paper, you might avoid running into me so as to avoid acquiring a reason to read a draft of my paper. I then argue that the epistemic account can successfully reply to this objection and that in fact the epistemic account does a better job of accounting for cases like this than competing views of the normativity of requests.
Strategi Asesmen Kebutuhan Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama: Perancangan Berbasis Data dan Analitik
Authors: Habsy Bakhrudin All , Azizah Erliyana Freida Nur , Sofiana Sofiana
Published: May 2024

This study aims to design a data-driven and analytical-based strategy for assessing student needs in Junior High School (JHS). A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing observation and literature review methods. The study population consisted of JHS students, with samples randomly selected from various schools. Research instruments included social media observation and literature review. Instrument validity and reliability were ensured through literature comparison. Data were analyzed through data reduction and triangulation approaches. The results indicate that JHS student needs assessment aims to measure learning achievement, provide feedback, promote active learning, adapt teaching methods, assess program effectiveness, and identify special needs. Assessment principles, types, data-driven design, and needs analytics are the main focuses. The implications of this research are to enhance the quality of education in JHS through more responsive and effective assessments. Suggestions for further research include involving more educational stakeholders to ensure program relevance and responsiveness. This study contributes to the development of better education in Indonesia.
Are Plaque Disclosing Agents Effective for Improving Self-Performed Dental Hygiene in Patients with Space Maintainers? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Gökcek Taraç Mihriban
Published: May 2024

Objective: In the event of premature loss of primary teeth, the placement of a space maintainer is the safest option for preserving dental arch length; however, the appliances and bands of space maintainers can change the contours of the teeth, causing plaque accumulation and making it difficult to maintain oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in dental plaque accumulation and the effectiveness of a plaque disclosing agent (PDA) in providing oral hygiene with the use of space maintainers.
Methods: Patients were divided into two groups (Group A: intervention; Group B: control) and the study was carried out in four stages. At each stage, pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were measured.
Results: There was an increase in PD, GI, and PI after space maintainers were placed. Following oral hygiene education (with and without the use of a PDA), PD, GI, and PI significantly decreased in both groups.
Conclusion: PDAs are effective for improving oral hygiene, especially in young children; however, training should be repeated at frequent intervals to maintain good, continuous oral hygiene.
Prognostic and Predictive Significance of HER2-low Expression in Metastatic Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Patients Receiving CDK4-6 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Arak Hacı , Kuş Tülay
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the predictive and prognostic value of HER2-low expression in hormone receptor (HR) positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) negative metastatic breast cancer patients receiving cyclin-dependent kinase-4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) therapy.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients who received CDK4/6i plus endocrine therapy (ET). The pathological and clinical characteristics and survival times of the patients were compared and analyzed.
Results: Our study included 122 patients. There were HER2-zero 88(72%) and HER2-low 34 (28%) patients. The median progression free survival (mPFS) of all patients who received CDK4/6i+ET was 21 (95% confidence interval (CI),18.5–23.5) months, while mPFS was not reached in the HER2-zero group, and mPFS in the HER2-low group was 12 (95%CI, 6.8–17.1) months (p=0.001). The mPFS was shorter in patients with primary endocrine resistance (6 vs. 21 months, p=0.001). There was a change in the HER2-low status of 26(45%) patients with recurrence compared to the first biopsy. In the HER2-zero and HER2-low groups, 22(25%) and 24(71%) patients, respectively, progressed with CDK4/6i+ET (p=0.001). Estrogen receptor (ER) levels less than and greater than 50% resulted different mPFS (6 and 21 months, respectively) (p=0.025). Median PFS differed based on CDK4/6i+ET combination, treatment line, and best treatment response (all p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, HER2 status(p=0.018), chemotherapy status(p=0.006), best response status with CDK4/6i (p=0.001) for PFS, and best response status with CDK4/6i therapy (p=0.007) for OS were significant.
Conclusions: In patients with HR+HER- metastatic breast cancer receiving CDK4/6i therapy, the duration of mPFS was lower in the HER2-low group than that in the HER2-zero group. HER2-low expression is a predictive biomarker of response to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.
Government Education Funding and Government Higher Education Investment in Uganda
Authors:   Department of Economics and Business Education, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Gulu University, ALANI JIMMY , ATUHAIRWE PATIENCE ,   Department of Economics and Business Education, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Gulu University, L. OKODEL DAVID ,   Department of Economics and Business Education, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Gulu University
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the relationships between government funding of education and government investment in higher education in Uganda during the 2005 to 2020 period. The major hypotheses of the study are that government funding of higher education (GHE) depends on government investment in education (GIE) and the reverse is true. During the given period, government spending on education as a percentage of GDP for Uganda was on average 2%, while the world average was 4% (World Bank, 2022). This implies that low levels of government funding are responsible for the low levels of government investment in higher education in Uganda. Therefore, the study aims to estimate the government investment function of higher education and the production function of government funding in Uganda during the given period. The analyses of the relationships between government education funding (GIE) and government investment in higher education (GHE) are conducted by using the generalised least squares (GLS) method. The dataset for the study was obtained from Uganda’s Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES), Education Sector Plan. The effects of 1% government spending on primary education, secondary education, technical and vocational education training (GTVE) and GHE on GIE were as follows: 0.354%, 0.086%, 0.044% and 0.063% per annum, respectively. This implies that in Uganda, GHE contributes very little (0.063%) to GHF compared to the contribution of GPE to GIE (0.35%). Meanwhile, a 1% increase in GIE might have caused growth in GHE and GTVE to rise by 11.45% and 17.18%, respectively. Hence, the paper suggests increasing GIE, GTVE and GHE adequately.
Evaluación del Proyecto TUTOSCIENCE: compromiso con la calidad de la educación ecuatoriana
Authors: García Chávez Arelys , González Acosta Melvis Lissety , Martínez Serra José Enrique , García Pacheco Marco Antonio
Published: May 2024

El artículo que se presenta analiza el trabajo del Proyecto TutoScience a un año de su creación, a partir de su compromiso como parte de la Universidad Nacional de Educación, UNAE, con la calidad de la educación de sus estudiantes en Ecuador, investigación que se realizó con enfoque mixto, a partir de la integración de métodos teóricos como el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo, con métodos empíricos como la encuesta. Para ellos se muestreó a 237 estudiantes de cuarto a séptimo ciclos de la Carrera de Educación en Ciencias Experimentales, ECE; 102 estudiantes de 3er año de Bachillerato General Unificado, BGU, de dos Unidades Educativas y 25 docentes de la Amazonía. Entre los principales resultados del trabajo realizado, se cuenta con   estudiantes de ECE con mayor rendimiento académico; además estudiantes de BGU que mostraron una mejora significativa en el desarrollo de las habilidades de razonamiento numérico, algebraico y geométrico; así como 25 docentes de la Amazonía certificados en las ciencias experimentales, con desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos en su área de despeño profesional. A partir de los resultados obtenidos por el Proyecto TutoScience en sus tres líneas fundamentales, se ha propuesto extenderlo por otro año, para continuar su contribución con la calidad de la educación.
De la Big Bang la singularități și găuri negre
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: May 2024

Singularitățile la care se ajunge în relativitatea generală prin rezolvarea ecuațiilor lui Einstein au fost și încă mai sunt subiectul a numeroase dezbateri științifice: Există sau nu, singularități? Big Bang a fost o singularitate inițială? Dacă singularitățile există, care este ontologia acestora? Este teoria generală a relativității o teorie care și-a arătat limitele în acest caz? Cartea include o prezentare a aspectelor specifice din teoria clasică newtoniană, teoria specială a relativității și mecanica cuantică, apoi o detaliere a singularităților care rezultă în relativitatea generală, a aspectelor specifice ale găurilor negre și orizontul evenimentelor, inclusiv dezbaterea despre Big Bang ca singularitate inițială, și argumentele cosmologice în favoarea existenței singularităților. Se evidențiază problemele filosofice de încadrare ontologică a singularităților în general și a găurilor negre în special, despre argumentul găurii pus în evidență de Einstein, și argumentele prezentate de oamenii de știință pro și contra singularităților. Studiul singularităților este încă la început. Fizica găurilor negre și filosofia singularităților cosmologice sunt domenii încă neexplorate. În fața singularităților, știința își recunoaște limitele. Aici poate ajuta foarte mult filosofia.
Lives and Deaths of Werther
Authors: Kaminski Johannes
Published: May 2024

Werther is different Werthers but not everywhere at the same time. This study investigates how the novel’s interpretations, translations and literary adaptations have left their marks on the original text, but this time without judging them against the canonical ideas of academic criticism. It turns out that Werther’s narrative malleability facilitates its use as a “graft.” By isolating some elements of the narrative and eliminating others, readers can draw on Werther to make a case for various ideological projects. He is a sick man, but also a revolutionary hero. His suicide is self-determined, even heroic. In contrast to the epistolary novel’s precarious status in Germany, where it was—and continues to be—downplayed as an immature work of the great Goethe, French Romantic poets such as Chateaubriand and Senancour embraced the novel as a valid template of modern subjectivity. In pre-Risorgimento Italy, Foscolo drew on the book to tell a story of patriotic martyrdom. And in East Asia, the same malleability contributed to Werther’s iconic status among Japanese and Chinese modern writers of the early twentieth century. While translators struggled to capture its explosive literary style in their native languages, literary successors did not detect much foreignness in the text’s ethos; instead, it formed part of the discovery of their own literary heritage.
Joys and Sorrows of Interpretation
Authors: Kaminski Johannes
Published: May 2024

Chapter 1 examines a wealth of Goethe criticism, ranging from the late eighteenth century until today, in the light of literary theory. This examination dismantles the epistemological frameworks that assign foreign reception histories a marginal status. I propose a framework that takes into account how Werther produces a semantic “plural.” Since the book’s first publication in 1774, the text has produced tides of commentary that have largely consolidated around the idea that the epistolary novel revolves around a psychopathological character, albeit a charming one. Meanwhile, Werther’s integration into foreign national literatures pursued alternative paths, resulting in their implicit classification as “misunderstandings.” To challenge the epistemological assumptions that underpin the concept of “misunderstanding”, this chapter examines historical and authoritative Werther interpretations, including historic biographic analyses, studies on reader-response dynamics, hermeneutics, psychoanalysis and discourse analysis. Regardless of their vastly different ideas about Goethe’s book, they are united by a shared preference for the invocation of singular meaning.
Introduction
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

After surveying the existing historiography on service, this chapter proposes a new approach to studying female servants in early modern England. Offering a corrective to the prescriptive codes of behaviour disseminated in legal treatises and didactic literature, this book systematically unpicks evidence of the lives of over 1000 female servants recorded in church court depositions and recasts the household-centred, patriarchal context in which they have previously been studied. The chapter introduces central themes of the book: age and social structure of service, regulation and law, agency and freedom, work, and community. This chapter introduces readers to the church courts and the depositions upon which this study rests. Drawn from a variety of regions across the south and south-west of England, the women within the book lived in both urban and rural settlements that offer different economic, topographical, and social contexts for their study.
Remembering Service
Authors: Mansell Charmian
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores memories of service recalled by female deponents in the church courts. Focusing on a sub-set of women whose memories of service reached far back into the past, the chapter probes their recollections to capture the lasting impact of service on women’s identities and lives. Being a servant witness signified dependency and poverty, attributes that the opposing side leveraged as grounds for dismissal of the testimony (based on poor credit and affinity to a litigating master or mistress). On the other hand, being asked to remember as a former servant recharacterized these women as repositories and sharers of knowledge through their historic service. Their past labour took on new meaning in the courts. The chapter endows service with a longevity beyond the number of years a woman actively served. Imprinted on memory and recalled even through bodily habits and practices, life in service left its mark on women and their identity. The chapter draws attention to the importance of service as a framework for women’s recollections of the past. Service helped make sense of and organise their life stories – stories which grounded their working lives within national epidemics, economic crises, local practices, and customs.
Towards Workfare Communities
Authors: Šustrová Radka
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 is the first of three thematic chapters which successively examine the categories of labour, health, and the family in terms of various policies. Labour stayed at the core of the National Socialist ideology and political interests. It was not only related to the definition of an individual’s social situation; many socio-economic measures were also naturally dependent on it, including employment policy, pension and accident insurance, and occupational safety. The disciplinary function of the labour policy measures was emphasised in order to fully support work performance as well as the individual’s willingness and will to work. The object was to ensure the full deployment of Czech workers when sent to the Reich through social insurance, wage regulation, and various forms of bonuses. The measures not only had a levelling effect, but, to a large extent, even a psychological one: by demonstrating that the state cared and giving individuals the impression that they were receiving a ‘fair wage’. Although the war had a negative impact on working conditions, the provision of pension and accident insurance reform and improvements in occupational safety practices significantly contributed to the expansion of the number of insured persons and to the modernisation of social legislation.
Health Care in Warfare
Authors: Šustrová Radka
Published: May 2024

Chapter 5, dedicated to health, discusses and verifies the function and accessibility of health care. The requirement to remain healthy fundamentally conditioned the labour capacity of the workers and emphasised the importance of preventive and curative health care. The general availability of health care was one of the conditions of the labour capacity of the population, and, therefore, maintaining the health of the population was one of the main priorities of the occupation’s policies. Under the Nazi Protectorate, health became a regular topic with the campaign against infectious diseases, the propagation of basic rules of hygiene, and the creation of a network of nursing and medical facilities, etc. During the occupation, the institutional framework underwent a fundamental change, and measures to stop the spread of infectious diseases were improved. One of the main trends that emerged was increased economic and organisational pressure on Protectorate insurance companies and the strong disciplinary demand placed on doctors and patients. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the Czech expertise on occupational medicine.
Family Policies for Segregated Nations
Authors: Šustrová Radka
Published: May 2024

Chapter 6 analyses the family, which is the facet of society most studied by researchers focussing on National Socialism. The family was the central object of all socio-political efforts and especially of German policies on racial hygiene and population. Family policy was very exclusionary and, compared to labour and health policies, it offers a clearer insight into the social practice of differentiating between individual ethnic communities. A major complication for occupation officials was the thorough intermixing of the Czech and German populations. In the Czech context, the emphasis on population issues was mainly connected to the long-term decline in the Czech birth rate and the high levels of infant mortality. After the Autumn Revolution, the Czech political elite were sympathetic to the case for the ‘biological reproduction’ of the Czech nation (which continued in post-war Czechoslovakia). The Nazi population policy therefore offered an attractive model of political reform, which is why Czech politicians promoted initiatives such as newlywed loans. In terms of the care of the Protectorate population, various forms of aid were created for people in need. The chapter ends with a look at the data and a discussion of the growth and condition of the Czech population, as presented by Czech physicians, demographers, and statisticians.
The 5th-Century Challenge to Justice
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses the 5th Century sophistic challenge to justice by focusing on two sophistic texts, the ‘Sisyphus Fragment’ of unknown authorship and fragment B44 from Antiphon’s On Truth. The authors of these texts—the Moral Cynics—denied that the gods could be counted on to support justice and almost systematically objected to the five theses of The Traditional View of Justice. It is argued that their naturalistic assumptions led them to reject the value of justice and instead conclude that an individual concerned to prosper would do better to be selectively unjust. With the interventionist gods out of the picture, these sophists realised that people were the only agents around to punish violations of injustice; they, therefore, encouraged a calculated and secret sort of injustice that could win for the individual money, power, and pleasure without punishment. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of two non-sophistic texts that attest to the broad impact that this challenge to justice had on Greek society.
Transition to Plato
Authors: Anderson Merrick
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins by summing up the results of the 5th Century debate and by highlighting its philosophical significance. Despite offering impressive responses to the Moral Cynics and making notable contributions to early ethical and political thought, the Friends of Justice failed to prove that justice is more profitable than injustice. The chapter next argues that that Plato was keenly aware of this debate: not only was he interested in the sophists quite generally, but two dialogues in particular include arguments very much like those made by the 5th Century Cynics and the Friends. Gorgias features a pair of interlocutors who believe that injustice is more profitable than justice, one of whom also advocates an extreme sort of hedonism reminiscent of certain Cynics. Protagoras includes a sophist who offers a defence of justice so close to the one earlier found in the Anonymous Iamblichi that they must be two iterations of the same argument.