bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Involving the Skull Base or Orbit Based on the Background of Multidisciplinary Team Discussion
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Wang Heyan , Chen Feng , Zhang Sisi , Ma Xiaofeng , Liu Yongze
Published: November 2024

To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbit based on the background of multidisciplinary team discussion and to provide a basis for clinical practice. The clinical data of five patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbit admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine from July 2017 to February 2024, were retrospectively analysed. The diagnosis and treatment strategies were all formulated after the MDT discussion. Nasal endoscopic surgery dominated the treatment protocol. Surgery was completed while ensuring the integrity of the dura mater or orbital periosteum. During surgery, we remove the lesion as thoroughly as possible and open the sinuses to improve their drainage function. The efficacy of the surgery was comprehensively analysed in the postoperative period. None of the five patients had serious complications such as ocular motor or visual dysfunction, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracranial infection after surgery. Four of them were cured after comprehensive treatment and had no recurrence after 5–84 months of follow‐up; one case had a wider range of lesions, but the patient did not follow the recommended antifungal treatment after surgery and had a recurrence 5 months after surgery; after the recurrence, the patient underwent a second endoscopic surgery and actively cooperated with the antifungal treatment, there were no complications after the second surgery and there was no recurrence after 78 months of follow‐up. For patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbits, the diagnosis and treatment plan are formulated through MDT discussion before surgery, and the lesions are resected with the assistance of image navigation and the plasma system to protect the natural barrier of the dura mater or orbital periosteum from being breached, so as to achieve the purpose of removing the lesions and clearing the sinus drainage, and then supplemented with antifungal treatment. In this way, we can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects while reducing nose–brain and nose–eye complications and improving the prognosis.
Protective Effects of Some Graded Iranian Honey Samples Against Cold Water Immersion‐Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats
Authors: Mohammadi Yaser , Tahergorabi Zoya , Sharifzadeh Gholam Reza , Rajabi Moghadam Mahdieh , Zarban Asghar
Published: November 2024

Honey has a rich history of treating gastrointestinal diseases due to its diverse bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the protective effects of select Iranian honeys against cold water immersion stress (CWIS)‐induced ulcers in rats. Forty male Wistar rats (250–280 g) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5): control, CWIS, and groups treated with strong (eucalyptus, Annaab, and Jangale) and weak honeys (Chand Giah, Sumaq, Gaz) + CWIS. Honey selection was based on antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and protein concentration. Rats received 20% honey in water (1 mL/kg) orally twice daily for 14 days; controls received water. After a 24‐h fast, rats underwent 3‐h CWIS to induce ulcers. Serum samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels. Stomachs were assessed for ulcer severity (gastric ulcer index), gastric juice volume, and histopathological changes. Honey types were categorized as strong (eucalyptus, Annaab, and Jangale) or weak (Chand Giah, Sumaq, and Gaz) based on total phenolic content, antioxidant effects (FRAP and DPPH), and protein levels. Ulcer group showed significant increases in MDA (64%) and TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels (98.5% and 111.6%), and decreases in ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1 picrylhydrazyl (FRAP, DPPH, and thiol levels [26%, 14.39%, and 26%]) compared to controls. Strong honey groups exhibited 50% lower gastric ulcer index compared to weak honey groups. This study showed that strong honeys, due to their higher phenolic, total protein, and antioxidant content, offer greater protection against gastric damage and oxidative stress compared to weaker honeys. These results highlight the importance of bioactive compounds in honey's therapeutic properties. Therefore, high‐quality honeys with higher phenolic content can be considered as therapeutic supplements for gastrointestinal disorders, especially those caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Interactions between pregnant women's nutrition habits, psychological well‐beings, sleep quality and biochemical parameters
Authors: Özkan Halis Doğukan , Güney Hilal Doğan
Published: November 2024

Objective

Hormonal changes during pregnancy may cause various changes in biological, physiologic and psychosocial areas. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between dietary habits, psychological well‐being, sleep quality and biochemical parameters of pregnant women.

Methods

The study was conducted on a total of 93 patients who applied to Ankara Koru Sincan Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic for routine pregnancy control between November–December 2023, were between the ages of 18–45, had a live singleton fetus, had no diagnosed psychiatric disease or chronic disease, and agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical findings of the individuals were recorded with a questionnaire including the psychological well‐being scale (PWBS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).

Results

According to the study, PSQI scores during the second and third trimesters are significantly higher than the first trimester. It was observed that while individuals have bad sleep quality during the second and third trimesters, they have good sleep quality during the first trimester (χ2 = 14.736; P < 0.001). In the biochemical results, the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) value in the second trimester was higher (P > 0.05). Weight gain during pregnancy, age and trimester have a negative effect on sleep quality.

Conclusion

When the effects of lifestyles and eating habits of pregnant women on the process are considered, there is a relationship between smoking/alcohol consumption, less physical activity, poor eating habits, sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Factors such as age, educational background, trimester period and other basic sociodemographic variables are also involved.
Neurotoxicity and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Oryzias melastigma
Authors: Shohag Sheikh , Horie Yoshifumi
Published: November 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in manufacturing cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Although previous studies have reported their toxic effects on fish, the underlying mechanisms behind their toxic effects are yet to be identified. This study evaluated the impact of ZnO NPs on marine medaka's survival, heart rates (Oryzias melastigma), and the expression of genes linked to neurotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity. Marine medaka samples were exposed to ZnO NPs at varying concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L. Survival rates and heart rates were monitored on the 12th day postfertilization. Gene expression related to neurotoxicity (α‐tubulin, elavl3, gap43, gfap) and cardiovascular toxicity (cdh2, atp2a1, cacna1da, crhr1, ahrra, arnt2) was assessed by performing real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The survival rate of marine medaka samples was not significantly impacted by exposure to up to 1 mg/L of ZnO NPs; however, exposure to 10 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a 60% reduction in survival rate. The heart rate of the samples did not significantly change across all concentrations. High ZnO NP concentrations (10 mg/L) significantly suppressed the expression of neurotoxic and cardiotoxic genes, including elavl3 and gfap. ZnO NPs exhibited dose‐dependent toxic effects on the marine medaka samples by affecting the expression of genes related to neurological and cardiovascular functions. These findings underscore the potential risks of ZnO NPs to aquatic organisms. The distinct toxic actions of ZnO NPs and dissolved ions complicate the interpretation of results, as this study did not measure ion release, a critical factor in understanding NP toxicity. Moreover, ZnO NPs may cause oxidative stress and disrupt cellular pathways. Furthermore, without distinguishing between NP and ion effects, it is challenging to determine the exact cause of toxicity. These findings highlight the need for future studies to measure dissolved ions and particles separately to clarify their contributions to toxicity, where the mechanisms of action are still debated.
Short‐chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Wong Pui Yan , Wang Qianjin , Wong Hei Yuet , Huang Tao , Cui Can , Zhang Ning , Cheung Wing Hoi , Wong Ronald Man Yeung
Published: November 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is a prevalent muscle disorder in old people leading to higher fracture rate, mortality, and other adverse clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, were reduced in old people with sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the use of SCFAs as a supplement can be a therapeutic strategy of sarcopenia in a pre‐clinical model.

Methods

Seven‐month‐old pre‐sarcopenic senescent accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice received daily SCFAs cocktail (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) for 3 months. Age‐matched senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) and SAMP8 mice receiving sodium‐matched drinking water were control groups. The gut microbiota composition analysis of aged mice with or without sarcopenia was conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing. Gut barrier‐related proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration were biomarkers of gut permeability. Colon inflammation levels, circulatory SCFAs concentration, muscle quality, function, and underlying pathways were detected by cell number counting, RT‐qPCR, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, measurements of muscle wet weight and grip strength, ex vivo functional test, treadmill endurance test, transcriptomic sequencing, morphological and immunofluorescent staining, as well as western blot. To investigate the role of mTOR signalling pathways in SCFAs treatment, C2C12 myotubes were treated with rapamycin.

Results

Aged SAMP8 mice had different microbiota composition, and lower serum butyric acid compared with SAMR1 mice (P < 0.05). SCFAs treatment reversed the increment of colon inflammation (2.8‐fold lower of il‐1β) and gut barrier permeability (1.7‐fold lower of LPS) in SAMP8 mice. Increased muscle mass, myofibre cross‐sectional area, grip strength, twitch and tetanic force were found in SCFAs‐treated mice compared with control SAMP8 mice (P < 0.05). Anti‐fatigue capacity (1.6‐fold) and muscle glycogen (2‐fold) also improved after SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that AMPK, insulin, and mTOR pathways were involved in SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Regulation of AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/PGC1α pathways were found. SCFAs attenuated fat infiltration and improved mitochondria biogenesis of atrophic muscle. In vitro studies indicated that SCFAs inhibited FoxO3a/Atrogin1 and activated mTOR pathways to improve myotube growth (P < 0.05), and rapamycin attenuated the effect of SCFAs through the inhibition of mTOR pathways.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that bacterial metabolites SCFAs could attenuate age‐related muscle loss and dysfunction, and protein synthesis‐related mTOR signalling pathways were involved both in vivo and in vitro.
Black goji berry anthocyanins extend lifespan and enhance the antioxidant defenses in Caenorhabditis elegans via the JNK‐1 and DAF‐16/FOXO pathways
Authors: Xu Qiuxiong , Zheng Bisheng , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) is known for its abundance of high‐quality natural antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins. Black goji berry anthocyanins (BGA) are receiving increasing attention because of their high safety and beneficial biological activities. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is a key factor affecting aging, whereas antioxidants are critical preventive and delaying strategies.

RESULTS

In the present study, we investigated the potential anti‐aging effects and mechanism of BGA using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. We found that BGA prolonged the mean lifespan of nematodes and improve their healthspan, including locomotion, pharyngeal pumping rate and stress resistance. Subsequently, we observed a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in nematodes after administering BGA. Moreover, BGA enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and elevated the glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio. We confirmed that BGA exerted excellent antioxidative stress activity in nematodes, which may contribute substantially to its anti‐aging effects. The health benefits of BGA in C. elegans might be closely related to petunidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, the most abundant anthocyanin in BGA. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the JNK‐1 and DAF‐16/FOXO pathways, rather than the calorie restriction pathway, were responsible for the antioxidant stress and life‐prolonging effects of BGA in nematodes.

CONCLUSION

Our research provides a theoretical foundation for studying the anti‐aging effect of BGA and a basis for developing black goji berry and its anthocyanins as functional foods with anti‐aging and antioxidative stress benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization of astaxanthin‐loaded Pickering emulsions stabilized by conjugates of pea protein isolate and dextran with different molecular weights
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Wei , Li Heng‐Juan , Peng Ning , Li Ying‐Qiu , Liang Yan , Zhao Yu‐Ru , Wang Cai‐Yue , Wang Zi‐Yue , Wang Chenying , Ren Xidong
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Pea protein isolate (PPI) is gaining increasing popularity in the food industry. It provides a diverse range of health benefits, such as hypoallergenic and gluten‐free characteristics. However, the functional performance of PPI is hindered by its low solubility and poor stability. Therefore, in this article, PPI and dextran (DX) of different molecular weights were grafted to investigate the effects of grafting DX with different molecular weights on the interface properties and antioxidant properties of PPI. Additionally, the stability and digestive properties of the glycated PPI nanoemulsion system were explored.

RESULTS

The result showed that the grafting degree of PPI–DX conjugates (PPI–DC) decreased with an increase in the molecular weight of DX. Surface hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity and solubility of PPI–DC were significantly improved after grafting compared with PPI and PPI–DX mixtures (PPI–DM). Astaxanthin‐loaded emulsions stabilized by grafted conjugates had smaller droplets and higher astaxanthin encapsulation rate compared to PPI emulsions. In vitro digestion demonstrated that the bioavailability of PPI–DC emulsions was higher than of PPI emulsion. Furthermore, after 24 days of storage, retention rate of astaxanthin‐loaded emulsions prepared by conjugates remained above 70%, surpassing that of PPI emulsion.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that DX grafting can improve the emulsion properties of PPI. In addition, the DX with a molecular weight of 5 kDa showed the most significant improvement. This study contributes to the advancement of natural emulsifiers by modifying PPI through glycation, and furnishes a valuable reference for its utilization in functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Can intense storms affect sinking particle dynamics after the North Atlantic spring bloom?
Authors: Romanelli Elisa , Giering Sarah Lou Carolin , Estapa Margaret , Siegel David A. , Passow Uta
Published: November 2024

The sinking of large particles (i.e., marine snow) has long been recognized as a key pathway for efficient particulate organic carbon (POC) export to the ocean interior during the decline of spring diatom blooms. Recent work has suggested that particles smaller than marine snow can also substantially contribute to POC export. However, a detailed characterization of small and large sinking particles at the end of blooms is missing. Here, we separately collected suspended and small and large sinking particles using Marine Snow Catchers and assessed their biogeochemical composition after the North Atlantic spring bloom in May 2021. During the 3 weeks of sampling, when four intense storms (maximum wind speeds 37–50 kt) created high turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates and deepened the mixed layer, we observed two distinct sedimentation events. At first, sinking particles were dominated by small (diameter < 0.1 mm), slowly sinking ( 18 m d−1), particles rich in silica that carried a moderate POC flux (< 6 mmol C m−2 d−1) to 500 m depth. Once the storms ceased, the volume of large (diameter > 0.1 mm), fast‐sinking (> 75 m d−1), carbon‐rich marine snow aggregates (not fecal pellets) increased exponentially and POC fluxes at 100 m depth were more than fourfold greater (30 ± 12 mmol C m−2 d−1) than those during the previous event. The aggregates consisted of a mixed post‐bloom plankton community. Our data suggest that the storms shaped the timing, type, and magnitude of POC flux at the end of this spring phytoplankton bloom.
Simultaneous Reconstruction of the Esophagus and Posterior Tracheal Wall Using a Combination of Free Jejunal and Mesenteric Flaps: A Case Report
Authors: Goishi Keiichi , Abe Yoshiro , Harada Hiroshi , Ikushima Kenta , Nakagawa Mai , Mima Shunsuke , Hashimoto Ichiro
Published: November 2024

Free jejunal transfer is one of the most useful procedures for reconstructing circumferential defects following total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (TPLE). When an extended resection of the surrounding soft tissue is performed in addition to the TPLE, the defect may require another flap in addition to the jejunal flap to reconstruct the soft tissue defect. In such multiple defects, the choice of reconstruction method remains unanswered and unsolved. Herein, our objective was to clarify the utility of our newly developed technique of simultaneous reconstruction of two defects in the neck using a combination of free jejunal and mesenteric flaps. An 81‐year‐old man had defects in the upper esophagus, total larynx/pharynx, and posterior tracheal wall caused by the resection of invasive upper esophagus cancer anterior to the membranous part of the trachea. A chimera flap composed of a 15 cm free jejunal and mesenteric flap along with 15 cm of surplus mesentery was harvested; the jejunum was inserted into the esophageal defect and the mesentery was placed on the tracheal defect. The patient exhibited a favorable postoperative course at 8 months with no recurrence or stenosis in the reconstructed respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. This method offers a straightforward vessel anastomosis, making it a good and reasonable option for reconstructing partial tracheal defects along with TPLE.
Harvesting strategies in ecological systems: Evaluating their efficiency in infection dominance
Authors: Tripathi Deepak , Singh Anuraj
Published: November 2024

In population biology, the interplay between prey and predators in the presence of infection can give rise to complex dynamics. On the flip side, implementing harvesting is an infection control measure. In the present work, we use the dynamical system theory to discuss the dynamics of the harvested prey–predator system in the presence of infection in prey species. Detailed mathematical and numerical evaluations have been presented to discuss the susceptible‐free state, infection‐free state, predator‐free state, species coexistence, stability, and occurrence of various bifurcations (saddle‐node, transcritical, and Hopf bifurcation). The study reveals the impact of harvesting parameters on the dynamics. Interestingly, we observe that an infection‐free state could be achieved by varying the harvesting parameter under all three harvesting schemes (linear, quadratic, and nonlinear). Moreover, with the help of reproduction number, we claim that linear harvesting is more effective in controlling the infection than quadratic and nonlinear harvesting provided the half‐saturation constant for nonlinear harvesting is greater than a threshold value
; otherwise, nonlinear harvesting is more effective. Also, the system can support more susceptible prey in the presence of harvesting. The present theoretical study suggests different threshold values of implemented harvesting to control the disease.
Improving independent purchasing skills in postsecondary students with disabilities
Authors: Welch Addison L. , Skinner Christopher H. , Collins Hannah L. , Chutna Mitchell R. , Smith Cate , Cihak David , Wilhoit Brian
Published: November 2024

An experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of a classroom‐based purchasing skills intervention designed to teach postsecondary students with intellectual and developmental disabilities the one‐dollar‐more purchasing strategy. The experimental group students (n = 12) completed the intervention first,and the control group participants (n = 9) did not receive the intervention until experimental procedures ceased. The intervention included eight intervention sessions. Each session included researcher‐led, small‐group instruction designed to enhance acquisition of the one‐dollar‐more strategy, followed by response card learning trials designed to enhance skill development. The response card trials contained different price points that reflected common items available for purchase in community retail settings. Results showed significant improvement in the experimental group's ability to provide the correct amount of dollar bill across 20 purchase prices up to $39 within 10 s. No significant changes were observed in the control group. However, individual analysis showed that some students who received the intervention did not show socially valid improvements. Also, group data suggest that most of the improvement may have occurred after three intervention sessions. Although our group data showed increases in purchasing skill acquisition (accuracy), fluency (within 10 s), and generalization (different values), discussion focuses on future research designed to enhance the efficacy of this intervention across all students and to assess for generalization to natural settings.
The Benefits of PROSPER‐Based Intervention for International Preschool Teachers in Hong Kong: Evidence From the EASP Program
Authors: Lee Alfred S. Y. , Fung Wing Kai , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Datu Jesus Alfonso Daep , Cheung Ryan Yat Ming
Published: November 2024

Limited research has examined the well‐being of international preschool teachers, while intervention targeting their well‐being is even rarer. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 2‐month EASP (i.e., Early Advancement in Social‐Emotional Health and Positivity) positive psychological intervention program based on the PROSPER—which stands for positivity, relationship, outcome, strength, purpose, engagement, and resilience– framework on international preschool teachers' well‐being in Hong Kong. Eighty‐three teachers (Mage = 34.44 years, SD = 8.43, range = 19–53; female = 95.18%) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 44) and waitlist control groups (n = 39). Teachers completed survey measures of PROSPER well‐being at baseline and after the intervention. The results of the multivariate regression analyses revealed that the intervention did not have significant overall effects on the PROSPER well‐being, Wilks' lambda F(7, 56) = 1.28, p = 0.28, η2 = 0.14. Yet, findings of univariate analyses suggested the intervention yielded significant medium effects on participants' relationship, outcome, strength and engagement (b = 0.26 to 0.45, 95% CI [0.04, 0.95], p = 0.02 to 0.03, η2 = 0.07 to 0.08). The findings underscore the practical utility of the PROSPER framework in supporting international preschool teachers' well‐being but, at the same time, highlight the need to further examine how cultural variations might implicate its effectiveness.
Security strategies for AI systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Bairaktaris Julius A. , Johannssen Arne , Tran Kim Phuc
Published: November 2024

The recent emergence and widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industries have not only increased efficiency and innovation but also introduced complex security challenges. Addressing these security challenges is an ever‐evolving area of research that seeks to mitigate issues affecting a wide range of individuals and sectors. Understanding the threats and vulnerabilities posed by these systems, and how to effectively defend against them, has become more crucial than ever. This paper aims to provide an overview of the most common attack vectors and their respective defense strategies, focusing particularly on those relevant to Industry 4.0. A major area of interest is adversarial machine learning, a relatively new field that focuses on corrupting, confusing, and manipulating AI models by intervening in different phases of their life cycle. The key findings indicate that FLAME offers the best protection against data poisoning attacks for neural network image detection models in a federated learning environment. Additionally, due to the specific threat model in Industry 4.0, defensive distillation emerges as the most promising defense strategy against evasion attacks.
The rhizosphere bacterial community of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) under limited water conditions
Authors: Kihara Shunta , Yamamoto Kosuke , Shiwa Yuh , Matsutani Minenosuke , Kikuno Hidehiko , Shiwachi Hironobu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Yam cultivation in West Africa, the largest yam production area, has expanded to the northern Guinea savanna, which receives an annual rainfall of 800–1000 mm. However, variations in rainfall are problematic for the stable productivity of yams. Integrated soil fertility management is urgently needed to improve and stabilise yam productivity. Plants have complex interactions with bacterial communities, influencing their health and environmental adaptability. Although the growth of water yams (Dioscorea alata L.) at various rainfall levels might be related to their interaction with the bacterial community, their structure under water limitation is yet to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere (Rh) and roots of ‘A‐19’ under water limitation conditions.

Materials and Methods

Plants were grown under normal conditions, and watering was reduced to less than 70% for 1 month. Rh and root samples were collected for DNA extraction, and downstream amplicon sequencing analyses were performed.

Results

The dry weight of the shoots, particularly the leaves, decreased under water limitation. Bacterial diversity in the rhizocompartments was significantly reduced. However, bacterial community composition was not affected by water limitation. Despite water‐limited conditions, bacterial community structure was robust in the Burkholderia‐Caballeronia‐Paraburkholderia and Streptomyces clades. These taxa accounted for approximately 60% of the relative abundance in the roots under water limitation.

Conclusion

identifying bacterial community composition of ‘A‐19’ under water‐limited conditions provides fundamental information for developing integrated soil fertility management strategies across rainfall gradients in West Africa. Our study indicates that ‘A‐19’ has a robust bacterial community structure for beneficial interactions with bacteria despite soil water conditions.
In search of a sound scientific basis for quantification of soil precompression stress
Authors: Schjønning Per , Lamandé Mathieu
Published: November 2024

Soil compaction is a serious threat to soil functions and ecosystem services. Persistent soil deformation takes place when mechanical stress exceeds soil strength. Risk assessment models typically assume soil to be elastic to a precompression stress level and plastic above this threshold. Currently used procedures for estimating soil precompression stress imply applied stress in a logarithmic form that has been criticized. We performed uniaxial, confined compression tests on 117 soil samples with a well‐defined stress history. Strain and stress were recorded at 200 levels of stress in the range of 0–1 MPa. Soil compressibility was calculated as incremental strain per incremental stress, using stress in arithmetic scale. For a given sample, a local minimum in compressibility appeared close to the preload applied to the sample prior to the compression test. This yield stress is suggested as an expression of soil precompression stress. Not all samples displayed a yield stress. Primarily soil exposed to a high preload did not exhibit a clear stress level with change in compressibility. This indicates that a physically based stress level pointing out a transition to plastic conditions will not exist for all soils. Our observation calls for new concepts in risk assessment. Tests with interpolation between a limited number of data points indicate that the yield stress—if existing—may be detected from classical compression data.
Deployment stressors, mental health outcomes, and protective factors among wives of reserve soldiers during the Israel‐Hamas War: A latent profile analysis approach
Authors: Zerach Gadi
Published: November 2024

Deployment to active conflict zones significantly affects military families, with spouses often experiencing heightened stress and mental health challenges. However, research on non‐US military spouses, particularly those of reserve soldiers, who may face unique stressors compared to active‐duty personnel, remains scarce. This study examined perceived stress profiles among Israeli spouses of reserve soldiers during the ongoing Israel‐Hamas War, and their associations with deployment stressors, mental health outcomes, and psychological protective factors. A volunteer sample of Israeli spouses of reserve soldiers (n = 293) responded to self‐report questionnaires in a cross‐sectional study. Using latent profile analysis of the ratings of perceived stress, three distinct profiles were identified: low (35.1%), moderate (43.5%), and high (21.3%). Higher levels of deployment stressors (e.g., fear of spouse getting physically injured) predicted membership in the moderate and high‐stress profiles, while better household management was associated with lower stress profiles. The high‐stress profile reported significantly greater symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to the low and moderate stress profiles. In contrast, the low‐stress profile exhibited higher levels of resilience, self‐compassion, and perceived social support. These findings highlight the variability in spouses' stress responses during wartime deployment and identify key factors associated with psychological adjustment. Results suggest that deployment‐related fears, household management abilities, and psychological resources are crucial in shaping stress profiles and mental health outcomes among military spouses.
A transnational language teacher educator's autoethnographic pursuit of reflexivity in Hong Kong
Authors: Uştuk Özgehan
Published: November 2024

Language teacher educators all around the world work in multiple countries and institutions throughout their careers across institutional, national, and academic cultures. As higher education becomes more transnational in some regions (including Hong Kong), it has also become more common for language teacher educators to construct transnational identities. This autoethnographic self‐study shares the author's transnational identity as informed by professional tensions he experienced while transitioning to a new institutional and academic culture in Hong Kong as a language teacher educator. As he narrates his story, he unpacks how his philosophies and practices informed one another as he constructed his professional identities in different cultural contexts and contact zones and elaborates on his identity work while revising his practices in his new professional contact zone. As an early‐career language teacher educator, he shows how engaging in autoethnographic narrative helped him to adopt a reflexive lens to critically examine his professional engagements across academic cultures and discourses.
Digitale Technologien in der primären Knieendoprothetik – Nutzungsdichte im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Pohlig Florian , Becker Roland , Ettinger Max , Calliess Tilman , Hinterwimmer Florian , Tibesku Carsten O. , Schnurr Christoph , Graichen Heiko , Savov Peter , Pagano Stefano , Bieger Ralf , Gollwitzer Hans
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Digitale Assistenzsysteme werden weltweit zunehmend in der primären Knieendoprothetik eingesetzt. Ziel war es, die Nutzungsdichte digitaler Hilfsmittel, die bevorzugten Alignmentstrategien sowie die Hindernisse und Vorteile der Implementierung dieser Technologien im deutschsprachigen Raum zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine Online-Umfrage mit 57 Fragen zu digitalen Tools in der primären Knieendoprothetik sowie deren Nutzung unter den Mitgliedern der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Endoprothetik (AE) durchgeführt. Folgende Technologien und deren Nutzung wurden abgefragt: Navigation, Robotik, patientenspezifische Instrumente, Individualimplantate sowie die Nutzung von Augmented Reality.

Ergebnisse

Die Umfrage ergab, dass 18 % der Kliniken Navigations- und 17 % Robotiksysteme in der primären Knieendoprothetik einsetzen. Die Hauptgründe für die Nichtnutzung dieser Technologien waren die hohen Anschaffungs- und laufenden Kosten sowie der zusätzliche perioperative Zeitaufwand. Patientenspezifische Instrumente und Individualimplantate spielen aktuell nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in Deutschland. Patientenindividuelle Alignmentstrategien wie kinematisches (Navigation: 35 %; Robotik: 44 %) und funktionelles Alignment (Navigation: 15 %; Robotik: 35 %) werden bei Einsatz digitaler Assistenzsysteme bevorzugt. Dies stellt einen deutlichen Unterschied zur konventionellen Operationsmethodik dar, bei der die klassische mechanische Ausrichtung der Prothese dominiert (79 %).

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine vergleichsweise hohe Nutzungsdichte digitaler Tools, die von den Operateuren genutzt werden, um personalisierte Alignmentstrategien in der primären Knieendoprothetik im deutschsprachigen Raum umzusetzen. Dies konnte insbesondere für Zentren mit hohem Operationsvolumen gezeigt werden. Gegen die Nutzung wurden vorrangig ökonomische Gründe aufgeführt. Zukünftige Entwicklungen sollten daher, potenziell durch eine Verschlankung der Systeme, auf eine Reduktion der Investitions- und laufenden Kosten abzielen.

Graphic abstract
United for change: deliberative coalition formation to change the status quo
Authors: Elkind Edith , Grossi Davide , Shapiro Ehud , Talmon Nimrod
Published: November 2024

We study a setting in which a community wishes to identify a strongly supported proposal from a space of alternatives, in order to change the status quo. We describe a deliberation process in which agents dynamically form coalitions around proposals that they prefer over the status quo. We formulate conditions on the space of proposals and on the ways in which coalitions are formed that guarantee deliberation to succeed, that is, to terminate by identifying a proposal with the largest possible support. Our results provide theoretical foundations for the analysis of deliberative processes such as the ones that take place in online systems for democratic deliberation support.
Informed consent in gynecological oncology: a JAGO/NOGGO survey on real-world practices in daily clinical routine
Authors: Biersack M. G. , Volmer L. L. , Geißler C. , Fromme J. , Fröhlich S. , Pietzner K. , Sehouli J. , Beck M. H.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Informed consent is a quintessential element of contemporary medicine, reflecting the fundamental right of patients to participate in decision-making regarding their health. Despite its critical importance, there is a lack of data on real-world practices regarding patient informed consent in the context of modern, high-pressure medical environments.

Methods

We conducted a multinational multicentric survey from February 24, 2022, to September 14, 2022, investigating the practices and challenges surrounding informed consent in hospitals across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with the use of a specifically developed questionnaire.

Results

Drawing on over 200 responses from gynecologists, the survey shows a critical need for structured training in conducting informed consent discussions with over 80% of participants expressing interest in courses addressing this aspect. Notably, a considerable portion of the physicians (59.9%) reported conducting discussions on procedures they had never personally witnessed. Significant disparities between types of hospitals and professional groups were observed in the frequency of informed consent discussions, with limitations arising from factors such as time constraints, language barriers, and insufficient resources for patient education. Moreover, the psychological burden experienced by physicians after informed-consent discussions underscores the need for systemic changes to alleviate concerns regarding patient safety, legal repercussions, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

This study serves as a call to action, emphasizing the need of enhancing resources and support for medical professionals to uphold the principles of empathic and comprehensive patient information and shared decision-making.

Trial registry

DRKS00028295, 25.07.2024
Clinical outcome of subdural versus subgaleal drain after burr-hole drainage for chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Carter Sophie H. , de Rooij Maud J. , Ahmadian Narjes , de Wit Anouk , van der Zwan Albert , Robe Pierre A. J. T.
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is commonly treated by burr-hole drainage with subgaleal or subdural drain insertion, mostly based on surgeon’s preference. We analyzed the recurrence rate and clinical outcomes after burr-hole drainage for CSDH and subdural or subgaleal drain insertion in a single center, retrospective cohort study.

Methods

700 cases of burr-hole drainage for CSDH between 2017 and 2022 were included. Subdural drain insertion was compared to subgaleal drain insertion. The primary outcome were the rates of recurrence and reoperation. The secondary outcomes consisted of morbidity, postoperative complications, and mortality.

Results

Baseline characteristics were comparable. The recurrence and reoperation rate after subdural drainage were respectively 15.3% (38/249) and 9.6% (24/249). The recurrence and reoperation rate after subgaleal drainage were respectively 13.4% (55/409) and 10.8% (44/409). There were no significant associations found in recurrence and reoperation rate between both drain insertions. No differences in morbidity, complication rate and mortality between drain insertion locations was found.

Conclusion

We found relative equipoise between subdural or subgaleal drain insertion concerning recurrence, reoperation rate or clinical outcome. A large multicenter randomized controlled trial could be designed to further assess the outcomes of subdural and subgaleal drain placement after burr-hole drainage for CSDH.
Technical report on intra-operative trigeminal root mapping in percutaneous lesioning for trigeminal neuralgias
Authors: Sindou Marc , Brinzeu Andrei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Percutaneous lesioning-techniques for treating refractory Trigeminal Neuralgias not amenable to Micro-Vascular Decompression remain useful in neurosurgical practice. Success, avoidance of complications and reduction of side-effects depend on the accurate location of the lesion-maker especially for Radio-Frequency-Thermo-Rhizotomy (RF-Th-Rh).

Added to X-ray-guidance, Intra-Operative Neurophysiology can be of significant help to achieve optimal accuracy of the surgery.

Based on previous research, this article aims to describe the simplest way to use direct electrical stimulation of the trigeminal root to evoke clinically observable muscle responses allowing to precisely position the tip of the needle for accurate lesioning.

Technique to evoke specific localizing muscle responses

Masticatory twitches can be easily produced by stimulating the motor root, through orthodromic conduction to the masticatory muscles.

Evoked Muscle Responses (EMRs) can be elicited in the facial nerve territory by stimulating the sensory rootlets, through Trigemino-Facial Reflexes’ pathways (TFRs). Responses in the Orbicularis Oculi is the well-known and readily used “Blink reflex”. On the contrary, TFRs in the lower territory of the facial nerve escaped clinical investigations not having been explored under direct stimulation of the trigeminal root. For both, stimulation at 5 c/s produces better observable twitches (because saccadic) than at 50 c/s which elicits tetanic contractions.

Conclusion

The localizing-value of these facial EMRs (associated to evocation of paresthesias) and of the masticatory responses, justifies mapping the trigeminal root before lesioning. Their use could be extended to the other lesioning-techniques: not only Glycerol Neurolysis but also to Balloon Compression (to ascertain location of the trocar at the contact of the TGN inside the Meckel cave) and Open partial Rhizotomies (before deciding to cut the rootlets corresponding to the trigger-zone). This is of importance since lesioning-techniques are needed because not all trigeminal neuralgias are responsive to or even indications of Micro-Vascular Decompression.
Complete genome sequences of two novel Ralstonia jumbo phages isolated from leaf litter compost
Authors: Sasaki Ryota , Miyashita Shuhei , Takahashi Hideki
Published: November 2024

Two Ralstonia phages, FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B, were isolated from leaf litter compost, using Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, which is a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, as a host. The genomic DNA sequences of FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B were determined and found to be 290,008 bp and 291,257 bp in length, respectively, and they were therefore classified as jumbo phages. However, they did not show high similarity to any jumbo phage genomic sequence in the NCBI nt database. The closest hit in a BLAST search was the jumbo phage ripduovirus RP12, with only 35% coverage and 77% sequence identity, whereas the FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B sequences were 99.0% identical. Based on these findings, FLC1-1B and FLC4-3B should be classified as members of a new genus in the order Caudoviricetes. FLC4-3B was found to suppress wilt disease in tomato plants, suggesting that it has potential as a biocontrol agent for managing R. pseudosolanacearum infections.
Mental Bandwidth is Associated with HIV and Viral Suppression Among Low-Income Women in Philadelphia
Authors: Richterman Aaron , Aitcheson Nancy , Durnwald Celeste , Curley Cara , Short William R. , Jean Louis Mirabelle , Momplaisir Florence , Thirumurthy Harsha
Published: November 2024

Behavioral economics research suggests poverty may influence behavior by reducing mental bandwidth, increasing future discounting, and increasing risk aversion. It is plausible these decision-making processes are further impaired in the context of HIV or pregnancy. In this cross-sectional study of 86 low-income women in Philadelphia, HIV was associated with lower mental bandwidth (one of two measures) and lower risk aversion. Pregnancy was not associated with any decision-making factors. In secondary analyses, viral suppression was associated with greater mental bandwidth (one of two measures), and antenatal clinic attendance with lower future discounting. Anti-poverty interventions may be beneficial to improve HIV-related health behaviors.
Global Genepool Conservation and use Strategy for Dioscorea (YAM)
Authors: Nduche Michael Ugochukwu , Brehm Joana Magos , Abberton Michael , Faloye Benjamin , Maxted Nigel
Published: November 2024

The global genepool conservation and use strategy for yam were developed in this study. Diversity analysis, and in situ and ex situ conservation gap analyses were carried out for the 27 global priority yam crop wild relatives (CWR) at taxon and ecogeographic levels to determine their representativeness in conservation actions. Hotspots were found in Nzerekore region of Guinea, Nimba and Grand Gedeh regions of Liberia, Montagnes, Sassandra- Marahouse, and Bas – Sassandra regions of Cote d’Ivoire, Volta, Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana, Centrale and Plateau regions of Togo, Donga, Oueme, Atlantique, Littoral and Plateau provinces of Benin, Southwest zone of Nigeria, Es region of Cameroon, Sangha- Mbaere region of Central Africa Republic. Likouala and Sangha regions of the Republic of the Congo, Northeast of India, Northern, Central, Western, Eastern and Northeast regions of Thailand, West of Cambodia, South Central Coast, Central Highlands, Southeast and Makong River Delta regions of Vietnam, Xaisomboun, Bolikhamxai, and Viangchan prefecture provinces of Lao People’s Democratic Republic. A total of 13 potential reserve sites were identified in 13 countries, with four locations in the network of protected area (PA). 22 priority CWR (81%) were conserved ex situ, but only 15.38% of the taxa had at least 50 accessions in genebanks, and 65.38% of the priority CWR are underrepresented in genebanks, and 19.23% of the species are not represented in ex situ collections. The findings and recommendations of this study will guide the production and implementation of effective long-term conservation action and sustainable utilization of global priority yam CWR. The active conservation of the global yam priority species will underpin food security and mitigate climate change.