bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Profile of the Brothel-based Sex-workers
Authors: Hossain KJ , Kamal MM , Wazed A , Karim MR , Ahmed N , Munjura M , Haque ME
Published: February 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate sexual lifestyle and socioeconomic profile of the brothel based sex workers. The studied population was sex sellers of Dauladia brothel, Rajbari, the largest brothel in Bangladesh. A total of 113 sex sellers were recruited consecutively following the defined selection criteria. The study period was from July 2009 to January 2010. The research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire. Results showed that most of the (92.0%) of the sex workers were illiterate. Their monthly income was Taka 6 thousands to 25 thousands. Majority of them were adolescent or young adult and unmarried. About 51.3% of them had no children and rest had children. The factors induced to adopt sex selling profession were broker's motivation and/or misguide, poverty or financial insolvency, willingly and born in the brothel. Three to fifteen clients visited the sex sellers every day. Nearly 72.0% of them used condom by their clients, 23.9% oral pills and condom, and were 4.4% injections and condom respectively. Knowledge of the sex sellers about STIs including HIV/AIDS was found satisfactory. An alarming finding was that majority of them had poor knowledge about STIs & HIV/AIDS. About 29.2% fathers of them were farmers, 21.3% day labours, 19.4% small businessmen, 10.0% transport driver and 4.4% service holders. Client's occupation was 38.1% business men, 30.9% transport workers, 19.4% service holders, and 11.6% were students. Altering their sexual act and behaviors and substitute rehabilitation may be the applicable way to overcome this social problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v39i3.9946 2010; 39(3)BMJ
Hormone Replacement Therapy And Breast Cancer- A Case Control Study
Authors: Zaman F , Haque M , Islam MZ , Yasmin R , Azim E
Published: February 2012

The present study was undertaken to asses any association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer. This hospital based case -control study was conducted among sixty cases of diagnosed female breast cancer patients and age matched seventy controls of women without breast cancer and any breast complaints (pain or lump in the breast, any discharge through the nipple) during the period of January to June 2009. Data was collected at National Institute of Cancer Research, Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Ahsania Mission Cancer Hospital, Mirpur, Dhaka, and Delta Medical college Hospital Mirpur Dhaka. Controls were selected from the women who attended those hospitals for other treatment and relatives of the breast cancer patients. The findings revealed cases (30%) took hormone therapy in comparison to the controls (7.1%) and this difference was statistically significant ( 2test, p<0.01). Users of hormone replacement therapy were more than five times more likely to develop breast cancer than the non-users. Majority of the cases (56%) and only 20% of the controls took combined form of HRT. On the contrary, 44% cases and 80% control took single form of hormone replacement therapy. The study found a significant association between hormone replacement therapy and occurrence of breast cancer. Odds ratio showed that the combined HRT users were more than 5 times more likely to develop breast cancer than the single form of HRT users. The Odds ratio also revealed that the HRT users were more than five times more likely to develop breast cancer than the HRT non-users. The study recommended specific measures and interventions to reduce the burden of breast cancers caused by HRT.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v39i3.9947 BMJ 2010; 39(3)
Colchicine in the Treatment of Recurrent Oral Aphthous Ulcer -Open Clinical Trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan A , Ahmed Z , Ali R , Ara F , Ahmed N , Salam MU
Published: February 2012

Background: Recurrent aphthous Ulceration (RAU) is characterized by necrotizing ulcers of the oral mucosa that persist, remit, and recur for variable periods of time. Despite the benign nature of the disease, RAU frequently affects quality of life as a result of long lasting and recurrent episodes of burning pain.Aim and objective: the aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of colchicine in treatment of recurrent oral aphthous ulcer.Methods: A clinical trial was conducted among 30 samples in the department of dermatology and venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Study was performed among those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected from 1st September 2007 to 29th February. 2008 and enrolled data was analyzed by using statistical SPSS win 13.Results: Among 30 patients, 24 (80%) were male and 6(20%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 26.20 (±6.65) years. 26(87.7%) patients found ulcer in oral mucosa and 4(13.3%)in tongue, but previous family history was present in only 20% cases out of 30 patients. All patients experienced a marked decrease in symptoms during colchicine treatment in where; mean aphthae count was 3.27 (±1.05) before treatment and 0.43 (±0.68) during treatment. Pain score also reduced during treatment from 6.80 (±2.12) to 1.13 (±.1.11) which was statistically highly significant.Conclusions: Colchicine may be a promising modality of treatment in the therapeutic armamentarium for RAU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v39i3.9948 BMJ 2010; 39(3)
A Case of Morbid Obesity with Related Complications
Authors: Rahman MA , Haque T , Amin AH
Published: February 2012

We are reporting a case of morbid obesity with related complications. This unfortunate 32 years old poor gentleman has been suffering from morbid obesity since his early childhood and presented to us with palpitation, shortness of breadth on exertion and chest pain, difficulty in micturation for the last 8 year Clinically the patient has been diagnosed as a case of Morbid Obesity with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy & Heart Failure, with Diabetes Mellitus, and Urethral Stricture. After meticulous search for all secondary causes of morbid obesity the reason for his obesity was considered as Genetic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v39i3.9949 BMJ 2010; 39(3)
Reviewing Anemia and Iron Folic Acid Supplementation Program in Bangladesh - A Special Article
Authors: Rashid M , Flora MS , Moni MA , Akhter A , Mahmud Z
Published: February 2012

Despite supplementation of iron folic acid tablets over the past few decades, no marked improvement has been noticed in the magnitude of anemia in Bangladesh. It has been a felt need to have a fresh look at the problem of iron/folic acid deficiency anemia prevailing in Bangladesh and the perspective of the supplementation program. Data were collected through a review of a good number of available documents and in-depth interviews of concerned policy makers, stakeholders and care providers. An iron folic acid supplementation component is formally in place in the Health, Nutrition, and Population Sector Program (HNPSP) and implemented by both the health and family planning wings of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). The iron folic acid component primarily focuses on the pregnant and lactating women and fails to focus other groups who also are equally affected. Tablets are provided on a weekly basis, thus not completing the required dose. A holistic approach is required to combat this long standing problem.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v39i3.9952 BMJ 2010; 39(3)
Depression in Clinical Practice
Authors: Rabbani MG
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9954 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 1-6
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Fluorescent Microscopy: a Milestone in the Detection of Paucibacillary Mycobacterium in Case of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Khatun Z , Hossain MS , Roy CK , Sultana T , Rahman MQ , Azad MBA Samad , Ahmed ANN
Published: February 2012

In Bangladesh with a large number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and financial constraints with high HIV risk, evaluation of scanty i.e paucibacillary cases has great importance. To study the efficacy of Light Emitting Diode fluorescent microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis specially paucibacillary cases in comparison to conventional fluorescent microscopy, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture of sputum samples from patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis. 150 sputum samples collected from the patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were processed by the Petroff's method, and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN), which were examined by both LED and conventional fluorescent microscope (CFM) and culture on Lowenstein- Jensen media (gold standard) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, out of 150 patients 14.67%, 8.67%, 4% cases were detected as paucibacillary (Scanty) cases by LED, CFM, ZN respectively. LED fluorescent microscopy is more effective in the detection of paucibacillary cases of pulmonary tuberculosis than other methods of microscopic examination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9958 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 22-26
Addison's Disease in Pregnancy - A Case Report
Authors: Banu NA , Begum K , Islam NI
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9964 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 48-50
Medical Updates v40i1
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9968 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 62
Obituary News v40i1
Authors: Editor The
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9969BMJ 2011; 40(1): 63
On the Doctor and the Clockmaker: The Satire of the Classical Epigraph through Samuel Johnson and T. C. Haliburton
Authors: McFarlane Duncan
Published: February 2012

The Clockmaker is the major opus of T. C. Haliburton's satirical career. An analysis of the classical epigraphs it contains reveals his satire to be directly influenced and framed by Samuel Johnson's, and hence indirectly by that of Juvenal and Horace. This is not a case of simple borrowing: Haliburton is advancing a critique of the conflict between the Horatian and Juvenalian species of satire in Johnson, and of the satiric use and abuse of the classical epigraph.
Sorption of Tannin and Related Phenolic Compounds and Effects on Extraction of Soluble-N in Soil Amended with Several Carbon Sources
Authors: Halvorson Jonathan J. , Gollany Hero T. , Kennedy Ann C. , Hagerman Ann E. , Gonzalez Javier M. , Wuest Stewart B.
Published: February 2012

Some tannins sorb to soil and reduce soluble-N. However, we know little about how they interact with organic amendments in soil. Soil (0–5 cm) from plots, which were amended annually with various carbon substances, was treated with water (control) or solutions containing tannins or related phenolic subunits. Treatments included a proanthocyanidin, catechin, tannic acid, β-1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG), gallic acid, and methyl gallate. We applied solutions of each of these materials to soil and measured soluble-C and -N in supernatants after application and following extraction with hot water (16 h, 80 °C). Sorption was low for non-tannin phenolics, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and catechin, and unaffected by amendment. Sorption of tannins, proanthocyanidin, tannic acid, and PGG, was higher and greater in plots amended with biosolids or manure. Extraction of soluble-N was not affected by amendment or by catechin, proanthocyanidin, or methyl gallate, but was reduced with PGG, tannic acid and gallic acid. Soil cation exchange capacity increased following treatment with PGG but decreased with gallic acid, irrespective of amendment. Tannins entering soil may thus influence soil organic matter dynamics and nutrient cycling but their impact may be influenced by the composition of soil organic matter.
Kiamycin, a Unique Cytotoxic Angucyclinone Derivative from a Marine Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Xie Zeping , Liu Bing , Wang Hongpeng , Yang Shengxiang , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Yipeng , Ji Naiyun , Qin Song , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: February 2012

Kiamycin (1), a new angucyclinone derivative possessing an 1,12-epoxybenz[a]anthracene ring system, was isolated from the marine Streptomyces sp. strain M268 along with the known compounds 8-O-methyltetrangomycin (3) and 8-O-methylrabelomycin (4). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The new angucyclinone derivative showed inhibitory activities against the human cell lines HL-60 (leukemia), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), and BEL-7402 (hepatoma) with inhibition rates of 68.2%, 55.9%, and 31.7%, respectively, at 100 µM. It appears to have potential as an anticancer agent with selective activity.
Cylindrical Resonator Utilizing a Curved Resonant Grating as a Cavity Wall
Authors: Ohtera Yasuo , Iijima Shohei , Yamada Hirohito
Published: February 2012

A thin-film grating on a curved substrate functions as a highly reflective and wavelength sensitive mirror for a diverging wave that has the same curvature as the substrate. In this paper we propose a cylindrical cavity surrounded by a curved resonant grating wall, and describe its resonance characteristics. Through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation we have clarified that this type of cavity supports two resonance modes: one is confined by Fresnel reflection and the other by resonance reflection of the wall. We have also demonstrated that the latter mode exhibits a Q factor several orders of magnitude higher than that of the former mode.
Layered Growth and Crystallization in Calcareous Biominerals: Impact of Structural and Chemical Evidence on Two Major Concepts in Invertebrate Biomineralization Studies
Authors: Cuif Jean-Pierre , Dauphin Yannicke , Nehrke Gernot , Nouet Julius , Perez-Huerta Alberto
Published: February 2012

In several recent models of invertebrate skeletogenesis, Ca-carbonate crystallization occurs within a liquid-filled chamber. No explanation is given neither for the simultaneous occurrence of distinct polymorphs of Ca-carbonate within these liquid volumes, nor for the spatial arrangement of the mineral units which are always organized in species-specific structural sequences. Results of a series of physical characterizations applied to reference skeletal materials reveal the inadequacy of this liquid-filled chamber model to account for structural and chemical properties of the shell building units. Simultaneously, these data provide convergent pieces of evidence for a specific mode of crystallization developed throughout various invertebrate phyla, supporting the hypothesized “common strategy” based on a multi-scaled control exerted on formation of their calcareous hard parts.
Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activity and Cyanogenic Glycosides of Organic and Mineral-base Fertilized Cassava Tubers
Authors: Omar Nur Faezah , Hassan Siti Aishah , Yusoff Umi Kalsom , Abdullah Nur Ashikin Psyquay , Wahab Puteri Edaroyati Megat , Sinniah Uma Rani
Published: February 2012

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of organic and mineral-based fertilizers on phytochemical contents in the tubers of two cassava varieties. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates. The main plot was fertilizer source (vermicompost, empty fruit bunch compost and inorganic fertilizer) and sub-plot was cassava variety (Medan and Sri Pontian). The amount of fertilizer applied was based on 180 kg K2O ha−1. The tubers were harvested and analyzed for total flavonoids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity and cyanogenic glucoside content. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminium chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Different sources of fertilizer, varieties and their interactions were found to have a significant effect on phytochemical content. The phenolic and flavonoid content were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the vermicompost treatment compared to mineral fertilizer and EFB compost. The total flavonoids and phenolics content of vermicompost treated plants were 39% and 38% higher, respectively, than those chemically fertilized. The antioxidant activity determined using the DPPH and FRAP assays were high with application of organic fertilizer. Cyanogenic glycoside levels were decreased with the application of organic fertilizer. Among the two types of compost, vermicompost resulted in higher nutritional value of cassava tubers. Medan variety with application of vermicompost showed the most promising nutritional quality. Since the nutritional quality of cassava can be improved by organic fertilization, organic fertilizer should be used in place of chemical fertilizer for environmentally sustainable production of better quality cassava.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Glycoconjugates by the Combined Action of Potato Phosphorylase and Glycogen Branching Enzyme from Deinococcus geothermalis
Authors: Vlist Jeroen van der , Faber Martin , Loen Lizette , Dijkman Teunis J. , Asri Lia A. T. W. , Loos Katja
Published: February 2012

Potato phosphorylase is able to synthesize linear polyglucans from maltoheptaose primers. By coupling maltoheptaose to butane diamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and amine functionalized amine functionalized poly ethyleneglycol (PEG), new primer molecules became available. The resulting di-, tri- and macro-primers were incubated with potato phosphorylase and glycogen branching enzyme from Deinococcus geothermalis. Due to the action of both enzymes, hyperbranched polyglucan arms were grown from the maltoheptaose derivatives with a maximum degree of branching of 11%. The size of the synthesized hyperbranched polyglucans could be controlled by the ratio monomer over primer. About 60%–80% of the monomers were incorporated in the glycoconjugates. The resulting hyperbranched glycoconjugates were subjected to Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements in order to determine the hydrodynamic radius and it became obvious that the structures formed agglomerates in the range of 14–32 nm.
Self-Dual, Self-Petrie Covers of Regular Polyhedra
Authors: Cunningham Gabe
Published: February 2012

The well-known duality and Petrie duality operations on maps have natural analogs for abstract polyhedra. Regular polyhedra that are invariant under both operations have a high degree of both “external” and “internal” symmetry. The mixing operation provides a natural way to build the minimal common cover of two polyhedra, and by mixing a regular polyhedron with its five other images under the duality operations, we are able to construct the minimal self-dual, self-Petrie cover of a regular polyhedron. Determining the full structure of these covers is challenging and generally requires that we use some of the standard algorithms in combinatorial group theory. However, we are able to develop criteria that sometimes yield the full structure without explicit calculations. Using these criteria and other interesting methods, we then calculate the size of the self-dual, self-Petrie covers of several polyhedra, including the regular convex polyhedra.
Effects of a novel hydrogel on equine bone healing: A pilot study
Authors: Cohen J. M. , Engiles J. , Leitch M. , Nunamaker D. M. , Southwood L. L.
Published: February 2012

Objective: To examine the efficacy and biocompatibility of a thiolated gelatin-thiolated carboxymethyl hyaluronan (CMHA-SGX) sponge as an osteoconductive device in an equine second and fourth metacarpal bone defect model.

Methods: Seven millimetre segmental ostectomies were created bilaterally in the second and fourth metacarpal bones of four horses. The left and right metacarpal defects were randomly assigned to (1) be filled with a CMHA-SGX sponge (treated) or (2) were left unfilled (control). The duration of the study was nine weeks. Bone healing was evaluated using serial radiology, as well as histologically and histomorphometrically. Data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was p <0.05.

Results: Serial radiographic evaluation revealed improved healing in the treated compared to the control defects at weeks eight and nine (p = 0.02). This finding was not corroborated histologically. Histomorphometry did not reveal any significant differences in healing between experimental groups. The CMHA-SGX sponge did not inhibit bone formation, induce local inflammation or lead to surgical site infection.

Clinical significance: While further optimization to improve osteoconductive properties should be considered, the CMHA-SGX sponge appears to be a biocompatible orthopaedic implant and its use as a carrier for osteogenic proteins warrants further investigation.
Osteochondrosis dissecans of the tarsus in Labrador Retrievers: Clinical signs, radiological data and force plate gait evaluation after surgical treatment
Authors: Schaeffer I. G. F. , Theyse L. F. H. , Dijkshoorn N. A. , Schwencke M. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , van der Peijl G. J. W.
Published: February 2012

Objectives: To report the outcome of unilateral surgery, by a plantaromedial approach, in 15 Labrador Retrievers with osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) of the medial trochlear ridge of the talus. To evaluate the influence on outcome of age at surgery, bilateral involvement, periarticular soft tissue increase (PSI), osteophyte size (OS), decrease of range of joint motion and follow-up. To assess the extent of tarsal hyperextension in the standing dog.

Methods: A retrospective clinical and radiographic study was conducted and the posttreatment gait was analysed using a force plate. Ground reaction force (GRF) data were compared with data derived from 24 healthy Labrador Retrievers (control group).

Results: Six dogs had an excellent or good clinical result. Significant differences were found between the patients and the control group for many GRF data. Propulsive and vertical forces significantly decreased in the operated limb and increased in the contralateral pelvic and ipsilateral or both thoracic limbs. The lameness was significantly correlated to the OS postoperatively, the range-of-motion, the PSI, the length of the follow-up period, and the vertical ground force. No hyperextension in stance was recorded.

Clinical significance: Although most dogs improved, the prognosis remains guarded. This seems to be independent of age, bilateral involvement, or preoperative OS in these dogs. No relation between medial talar OCD and tarsal hyperextension in stance was found in these dogs.
Morphometric assessment of the hip joint in the Estrela Mountain Dog breed
Authors: Ferreira A. J. , Ginja M. M. , Martins J.
Published: February 2012

Objectives: To study the radiographic projected hip parameters of the proximal femur and acetabulum in young and adult Estrela Mountain Dogs with normal and abnormal hip joints. The parameters evaluated were: femoral angles of inclination and anteversion (FAI and FAA), femoral neck length and width (FNL and FNW), acetabular depth (AD) and acetabular angle of retrotorsion (AAR).

Methods: Five hundred and twenty-five standard hip-extended ventrodorsal radiographic views and 622 mediolateral views of the right and left femur were used to measure the FAI, FAA, FNL, FNW, AD, AAR and modified AAR (mAAR).

Results: The FAI decreased in adult dysplastic dogs, in females and in right femora; FAA decreased with age; FNL was characterized by a greater relative size in normal adult animals; FNW was greater in abnormal hips in young and adult animals; AD was less in adult dysplastic dogs and in right hips; AAR was similar in the studied groups; mAAR was greater in abnormal hips and in left hips.

Clinical significance: The data may be used in future studies, which compare this breed to others. Morphological variations in femoral neck and acetabular morphometric parameters were present, and these variables in dogs with different ages and with hips in varying states of health should not be compared.
Aldol elaboration of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4-ones, masked precursors to acylpyridones
Authors: Jones Raymond C F , Choudhury Abdul K , Iley James N , Light Mark E , Loizou Georgia , Pillainayagam Terence A
Published: February 2012

A core 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-one scaffold is elaborated at C-3(Me) by base-mediated aldol condensation to give new 3-alkenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-ones, which are masked forms related to the acylpyridone natural products.
Strong Antiviral Activity of the New L-Hydroxycytidine Derivative, L-HYD4FC, In HBV-Infected Human Chimeric UPA/SCID Mice
Authors: Volz Tassilo , Lütgehetmann Marc , Allweiss Lena , Warlich Michael , Bierwolf Jeanette , Pollok Joerg M , Petersen Joerg , Matthes Eckart , Dandri Maura
Published: February 2012

Background

Suppression of viral replication with nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitors has been shown to greatly improve the outcome of chronic HBV infection. (β-l-nucleoside analogues, especially β-l-deoxycytidine derivatives represent one of the most efficient groups of antiretroviral compounds. We recently described that hydroxylation of the amino group of these β-l-deoxycytidine derivatives preserved their strong HBV inhibitory activity in vitro, but strongly reduced their cytotoxicity. From this new group of compounds we selected β-l-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-N4-hydroxy-5-fluorocytidine (l-Hyd4FC) for a first in vivo investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of l-Hyd4FC in HBV-infected human liver chimeric urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/SCID mice.

Methods

Stably infected animals (median 6x107 HBV DNA/ ml) were injected daily with either l-Hyd4FC (50 mg/kg) or saline as controls. Mice treated with lamivudine served to compare the in vivo antiviral potency of l-Hyd4FC. Virological changes were determined by quantitative PCR.

Results

Treatment with l-Hyd4FC for 4 weeks induced a 2-log reduction of viraemia, while a median 1.5-log decline was achieved with lamivudine. Intrahepatically, l-Hyd4FC induced a median eightfold decline of viral activity (relaxed circular DNA/covalently closed circular DNA), and threefold reduction of pregenomic RNA/GAPDH levels. No significant decline of subgenomic HBV transcripts, as well as of circulating hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen was detected. Maintenance of human serum albumin concentrations throughout the study, negative TUNEL staining and occurrence of viral rebound after drug withdrawal indicated that l-Hyd4FC was not toxic in human hepatocytes.

Conclusions

Administration of l-Hyd4FC in uPA/SCID mice harbouring HBV-infected human hepatocytes demonstrated the high antiviral potency of this drug in vivo. Such characteristics make l-Hyd4FC a good candidate for further investigations a as potential HBV therapeutic agent.
Spatial and temporal changes in macrobenthic communities in the Amazon coastal zone (Guajará Estuary, Brazil) caused by discharge of urban effluents
Authors: Aviz Daiane , Rodrigues de Carvalho Ivana Lia , Souto Rosa Filho José
Published: February 2012

Spatial and temporal changes in the structure of soft-bottom macrobenthic communities caused by discharges of urban wastewater were studied in the Guajará Estuary, Amazon coastal zone, Brazil. Samples were taken during the dry and rainy seasons at five sites close to wastewater sources (impacted) and two sites further away from effluent discharges (non-impacted). Samples were collected using a Petersen grab (20×20×20 cm) and passed through a 0.3 mm mesh screen. At each site, several parameters were determined in order to characterize the water (pH, QOD and NH4) and sediment (mean grain size diameter, %OM and heavy metals). The benthic fauna was composed of 22 taxa dominated by polychaetes and oligochaetes. The data indicate that environmental contamination has not resulted in a highly polluted environment with a significant reduction in fauna. It would seem that the river flow and intense hydrodynamics dilute and minimize the effects of contaminants in the estuary. The main effect of the discharge effluents was a favorable organic enrichment. The fauna at the impacted sites was generally more diverse than at the non-impacted sites, dominated by Oligochaeta Tubificinae, and showed greater spatial heterogeneity.
Geographic differences in the carapace shape of the crab Cyrtograpsus affinis (Decapoda: Varunidae) and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Lezcano Aníbal H. , González-José Rolando , Spivak Eduardo D. , Dellatorre Fernando G.
Published: February 2012

Cyrtograpsus genus was traditionally considered to be composed of three species: C. angulatus, C. altimanus and C. affinis. However, recent studies have found solid evidence suggesting that C. affinis and C. altimanus belong to a single species and hypothesize that the morphological differences which caused this misclassification could be related to different ecophenotypes or life stages. Here we report a geometric morphometrics study on the carapace shape of Cyrtograpsus specimens from the Río de la Plata estuary (36°S) and the Nuevo Gulf (42.75°S), testing for shape differences between different sizes (allometry) in the two environments. We found that previous morphological descriptions of the two species were associated with different sizes of a continuous, statistically significant allometric shape variation, concluding that C. affinis is a junior synonym of C. altimanus. We also found significant differences in the carapace shape between estuarine and marine environments, suggesting an effect of the environmental variables on carapace shape and a potential adaptive value of this trait.
Safety Analysis of Casing with Considering Strength Degradation in Steam-Injection Well
Authors: Tong Hua , Zhu Xiao Hua , Liu Shao Hu , Shi Chang Shuai
Published: February 2012

Casing damage is a very severe problem in steam-injection well due to thermal stress. In this paper, the computational model of casing-cement-formation coupling system is established. Considering strength degradation of casing, the temperature field and stress field are coupled to calculate casing stress. Related factors, such as concentric casing, cement thickness, casing specification and internal pressure, are considered to analyze casing safety. The results show that yield strength of N80 casing reduces as a linear function with temperature variation. There is little effect of cement thickness and casing specification on the thermal stress. Von Mises stress decreases with increase of steam injection pressure in wellbore as the casing doesn't yield. Based on the results, some measures against casing damage are presented.
Effects of Ball Screw Empty Rotating on Grinding Error Compensation Performance
Authors: Guo Jian Liang , Chen Lian Qing , Chi Jun , Yang Xun
Published: February 2012

Size accuracy of cylindrical grinding can be improved considerably by using error compensation. However, empty rotating of ball screw resulting from its inverse gap is the most important factor influencing the error compensation performance. In this paper, three grinding experiments were carried out to probe the effects of pretightening force magnitude on diameter accuracy. The experimental results show that too high pretightening force may lead to an excessive frictional resistance and thus reduce the grinding accuracy. For any specific grinding error compensation system, there exists an optimum pretightening force value capable of reaching the minimum grinding error.
Evaluation and Optimization of Research Projects Based on Grey Relational Analysis Method
Authors: Li Mu , Wang Jia Jie , Wang Jing Yi
Published: February 2012

Research project evaluation is an important part of research management, and there is no unified approach to evaluate research projects．On the basis of the characteristics of complexity and the uncertainty of optimal selection for research projects, grey relational analysis model in research projects selection application has been put forward in this paper. The index system of influencing research projects selection is determined. Application model and procedures of the grey relational analysis method are introduced. According to the degree how close it is with the ideal dot, the optimal project is easy to be selected out. Through the optimization analysis projects selection for research projects, it is proved that the optimal project selection for research projects based on grey relational analysis has the strong recognition judgment ability. It is convenient, quantitative, and strict. It provided a possible new way for evaluation of research projects selecting．
Control System Development Based on Arc-Submerging Welder for Flat Fillet Seams
Authors: Wang Gang , Feng Li Na , Zhang Xiao Ming
Published: February 2012

Basing on the original mechanical structure of arc-submerging welder for flat fillet seams, this article designs an arc-submerging welder control system for large steel structures flat fillet seams, such as blast furnaces, oil tanks, and so on, and expatiates on the working principle by circuit designing and testing in detail. This control system has been used greatly in DongYing, DaGang and other construction site for large steel structure.
Design of Personalized Intelligent Information Retrieval Model Based on Agent
Authors: Sheng Zhong Biao , Jia Hua Ping , Tong Xiao Rong
Published: February 2012

The features of vast distributed dynamic information on Web caused the problem of “overload” and “mislead” while query. Intelligent agent is a way to solve it. After considering the problems of users’ personal interests during the information retrieve adequately, the paper proposes an intelligent information retrieval model based-on Agent. This system integrated domain knowledge and used many arithmetic of learning user’s interest. Each Agent co-operates to finish information retrieval task, manifest the characteristics of intellectualization and individuality of in information retrieval. It is a good way to realize the highly effective intelligent retrieval system research.
Temperature Numerical Simulation of Friction Stir Welding Process of Radar Cooling Board
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhu Jian Jun , Yin Kui Ying , You Hong
Published: February 2012

A finite element model of radar cooling board friction stir welding process was built in ANSYS software based on an instantaneous relative linear velocity heat source model. Temporal and spatial temperature distribution disciplinarians were analyzed; results show that the peak temperature is lower than the base material melting point, as a result there is no material melt during the welding process. Temperatures change disciplinarily with the progress of welding process at each point.
The Time Siries Design of Profibus-DP Slave Based on FPGA
Authors: Chen Zai Ping , Qiu Zhen Xing
Published: February 2012

Profibus is widely used in industrial control field for the features of powerful communication real-time performance, high transfer rate, low cost and so on. FPGA and ASIC chip SPC3 are both used to design a Profibus-DP intelligent slave in this paper. And the time series design of FPGA cooperating with SPC3 in 80C32 working mode is detailed so that a new method of simple design of Profibus-DP intelligent slave is put forward.
A Novel Numerical Control Architecture Based on Multiprocessor and Real-Time Ethernet
Authors: Bu Wei Jing
Published: February 2012

The design of the CNC system to realize the function of the dedicated processor/modular is very select. Low cost of the ARM processor with Windows CE operating system is perfect for soft real-time tasks, such as the system state display, program explains, etc. The high performance DSP processors µ C/OS-II operating system is real-time tasks efforts, which is responsible for interpolation, speed control. In addition, to meet demand for the reconstruction of the design and flexible manufacturing, a reconfigurable based on FPGA technology for module, meet the functional requirement, build the PLC based on real-time Ethernet field bus network for simple connections between executors in the numerical control system controller.
Rod Orifice Hydraulic Absorber and Application for Impact Crash Simulation
Authors: Li Qiang , Ren Hong Bin
Published: February 2012

Crash simulation systems in laboratory are widely used in the development of components or protect against the crash pulse. Based on a rod control hydraulic engery absorber, the paper describes a new crash simulator providing repeatable simulation of the important parameters of the automobile deceleration pulses during crash condition. The mathematic models of absorber and the control rod design method were presented also .According to replaced the different variable diameter control rod of absorber, the simulator is simple and easy to simulate different crash pulses including total velocity and acceleration during the pulse. and the control effect of the simulator was tested and verified by experiments.
Research on Multi-Layered Modular Experimental Teaching System of the Public Management Specialties
Authors: Song Min
Published: February 2012

The experimental teaching is the indispensable organic part of the public management teaching system. It plays an irreplaceable role in training students’ innovative spirit, practice ability and comprehensive ability. This article does research and exploration of the experimental teaching system for specialties of public management, puts forward a multi-layered modular experimental teaching system which focuses on the cultivation of applied and innovative abilities and the connection between experimental and theoretical teaching. At the same time the specific implementation countermeasure is discussed in this article.
Design and Simulation of Direct Drive Volume Control Actuator
Authors: Yu Yang , Shi Bo Qiang
Published: February 2012

The electro-hydraulic actuator which was designed based on the technology of the direct drive volume control, has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, energy saving and so on, and can effectively overcome the deficiency of traditional valve control electro-hydraulic actuator. This paper realizes co-simulation of direct drive volume control actuator (DDVCA) by using AMESim and Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that DDVCA has the characteristics of smooth operation, fast response speed, high control accuracy. Therefore, DDVCA can replace traditional servo valve electro-hydraulic actuator in the case of low frequency response requirement.
Analysis the Displacement Amplification of Compliant Parallel Four-Bar Using Piezo Actuator
Authors: Yang Xue Feng , Li Wei , Wang Yu Qiao
Published: February 2012

This paper researched the displacement amplification and hysteresis of parallel four-bar amplification mechanism using piezo actuator. Firstly, the displacement amplification was analyzed by employing the material bending theory. Theory and finite element model (FEM) proved that the amplification ratio of parallel four-bar mechanism is only related to the position of driving point and the guiding beam displacement is linear with the driving point input when it is fixed. Then the Preisach model was employed to model the hysteresis of guiding beam and performed to control the output displacement of the mechanism. Experiments proved that the model can effectively improve the output displacement accurate of the guiding beam and can realize random sequence output displacement using the Preisach interpolation surface.
Design and Implementation of Surveying Instrument and Equipment Management System Based on VFP
Authors: Gou Shi , Fan Lu Jun , Xiang Long Tao
Published: February 2012

Quality of surveying instrument and equipment management decides the production efficiency of surveying and mapping unit, this paper discusses the design and realization of surveying instrument and equipment management system which based on VFP, in accordance with the feature of our team’s surveying instrument and equipment and surveying produce, make use of simple and high efficiency relation database model of VFP, which builds our team’s management system platform of surveying instrument and equipment. System has good function of data browse、inquiry and printout, this can laid the foundation of surveying instrument and equipment management digitalization and visualization for our team.
Research on Material Database for Nationwide Fitness
Authors: Zhang Xi
Published: February 2012

The research introduce the present situation of nationwide fitness in china and construct a “material database for nationwide fitness” which contains three subsystems (health consult, fitness guidance and online information comunication). We can make guidance selection for fitness mode according to different demands of fitness groups and give suggestions to different fitness groups. Which make them select convenient modes and achieve satisfied effect. The material database for nationwide fitness have features of convenient, easy to universal, effetive, pratical and resource share. By construction of the material databasesystem of nationwide fitness, material databaseas a medium and play sports resource sharing effetive to make good foundation for nationwide fitness development.
The Design and Development of a Mass Balance Calculation Software for Sodium-Calcium Dual-Alkali Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Pan Wen Hui , Shi Yi Xin , Liu Ji Pu
Published: February 2012

Based on the absorption principle of desulfurization process by sodium-calcium dual-alkali scrubbing method, the paper researches the computational model of gas balance, seriflux balance, and the circulating amount of seriflux, defines the equivalent relation between the data input and output, and develops a mass balance calculation software by Visual Basic 6.0. The software can be used for designing and equipment-selecting by employing the outcome of the computation. It can also do optimization and analysis of operation parameter. From the economic point of view, it is convenient for designers to choose the optimization parameter.
A Theoretical Study for Temperature Condition of Motorized Spindle System
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Di , Qu Pei Xin , Li Xiao Jing
Published: February 2012

Super precise is one of the primary requirement of the high-speed motorized spindle. Temperature distribution, speed control loading characteristics, precision maintenance, liberation intensity and circumgyration error are not only the key demand of motorized spindle's capability but also an important index to evaluate it's performance. The paper has detailed described the main structure of motorized spindle. A 3D motorized spindle model was established and carried out thermal analysis to study the heat generation and heat transfer. Under the ANSYS finite element software circumstance, the temperature field distribution and the temperature rise condition for motorized spindle are researched. From the result, we can find the front bearing has a higher temperature than that of back bearing. The maximum temperature of inner ring is bigger than that of outer ring. The results contribute to selection of appropriate bearing for motorized spindle system.
Structure Optimization and Numerical Verification of Plenum Chamber for Relaxation Heat Setting Machine
Authors: Song Shu Quan , Ge You Hua , Zhao Hai Tao
Published: February 2012

Suitable structure for plenum chamber lead to a significant enhancement of the relaxation heat setting machine performance, this paper presents the influence of opening ratio and static pressure on flow velocity. Optimization design method is employed to identify the optimum opening ratio and structure dimension of plenum chamber quantitatively. Furthermore, a numerical approach is presented to validate the optimization results, numerical studies indicate that decreasing opening ratio has better effect on mending air flow uniformity than constant opening ratio, the optimized structure results in the relative velocity error rate decrease by 23.7%.
Particle Simulation of Slow-Wave System in Multi-Beam Traveling Wave Tube
Authors: Li Ze Lun , Huang You Jun , Huang Zhi Cheng
Published: February 2012

A time-dependent particle code has been developed to simulate the motion and changing regularity of particles in multi-beam traveling wave tube. Magnetic focusing and interaction models of multi-beam traveling tube were established, and static magnetic field was calculated. The process of bunching particles by periodic permanent magnetic focusing system and beam-wave interaction was also simulated. The results show that particle simulation can really reflect the motion of particles in multi-beam traveling wave tube, which can provide some references for particle study of traveling wave tube.
Research on Sports and the Development Humanistic Sports
Authors: Liu Hua Qing
Published: February 2012

From the point of view of speculative and rational, in our country the humanistic spirit of the discussion background, this paper explains the connotation of humanistic sports, from the quantitative aspects of the development of competitive sports, the paper builds athletic sports development level of utility model. To the world and our country sports development objective analysis, proposed our country sports comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the basic ideas.
Intelligent Household Application Base on Mobile Phone
Authors: Zhao Yu Xin
Published: February 2012

With life level constantly and the quality of life improved, paying more attention to the quality of life, people are eager to wander in a safe, effective, convenient and comfortable living environment.Networking technology is used in intelligent household, which rolls out of the wireless network based on intelligent household products, such as the realization of household security, information release, multimedia, household appliances, intelligent control and IP telephoneand other functions.We can use intelligent terminal, computer, mobile phone to control the home of the electrical equipment for remote monitoring and remote management, which let people enjoy comfort and convenience that high-tech brings.The author mainly introduces the application of mobile phone in intelligent household.
Reliability Calculation and Perturbation Stochastic Finite Element
Authors: Mo Wen Hui
Published: February 2012

This paper proposes a method of calculating reliability using perturbation stochastic finite element. The mean and variance of the stress can be computed by the perturbation stochastic finite element. Computer program is used to generate samples of stress and strength. If the stress is greater than the strength, the structure will fail. The Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to compute structural reliability. Reliability calculation using the Monte Carlo simulation is developed. A numerical example demonstrates the proposed method is feasible.
Research the Influence of Comprehensive Materials Multimedia Technology on the Exercise Interest of Students
Authors: Chen Qiao Ping
Published: February 2012

The article takes the application of comprehensive materials multimedia in Aerobics curriculum as empirical research, which in allusion to the current situation of utilization of multimedia in physical education teaching. The research regards the college students as the objectives of study and selects Aerobics courseware with two different kinds of characteristic as the experimental materials, with the adoption of the research methods such as documentary analysis method, experimental method, Delphi method and the mathematical statistics analysis method etc. Besides, exercise interest of the students has been tested by using revised Chinese edition of PESTS as the measuring tool, so as to provide psychology reference for the formulation of physical education comprehensive materials multimedia which meets the learning interest of the students.
Research on the Guidance Methods of Sports Training Based on Data Mining Technology
Authors: Zhou Qian
Published: February 2012

Data mining is use of machine learning, statistical learning from the data mining technology found in. In view of the current sports training problems, and discusses the data mining technology in the application of sports training theory, and through the key neural network method to forecast the athlete's performance in the application. The experimental data show that using neural network to predict athletic performance has a good approximation ability, but has good extension, which indicates that the use of the relevant data mining technology to guide the scientific nature of the sports training increases, will have broad application space.