bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Skarn Iron Ore Detection Through Multispectral Image Fusion and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN)
Authors: Abubakar Jabir , Zhang Zhaochong , Cheng Zhiguo , Yao Fojun , BIO SIDI D. BOUKO Abdoul-Aziz
Published: September 2024

This study explores novel techniques to improve the detection accuracy of skarn iron deposits using advanced image processing methodologies. Leveraging the capabilities of Aster image, Band Ratio (BR) images, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), alongside the power of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN), the research aims to enhance the precision and efficiency of ore detection in complex geological environments. The proposed method employs a specific 3D-CNN architecture, accepting input as a 7×7×C image patch, where C represents the combined number of selected Aster image bands, Principal Component (PC) bands, and computed BR images. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, five distinct image bands combinations, including the proposed bands combination, were tested and evaluated based on the overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA), and kappa coefficient. The results demonstrated that while the incorporation of BR images alongside Aster bands initially seemed promising, it introduced significant confusion in certain classifications, leading to unexpected mis-classification rates. Surprisingly, utilizing solely Aster bands as input parameters yielded higher accuracy rates (OA= 93.13%, AA = 91.96%, Kappa = 90.91%) compared to scenarios involving the integration with band ratios (OA = 87.02%, AA = 79.15, and Kappa = 82.60%) or the integration of BR images to PC bands (OA= 87.78%, AA = 82.39%, Kappa = 83.81%). However, the amalgamation of Aster bands with selected PC bands showed slight improvements in accuracy (OA= 94.65%, AA = 92.93%, Kappa = 93.45%), although challenges in accurately classifying certain features persisted. Ultimately, the proposed combination of Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images (proposed bands combination) presented the most visually appealing and statistically accurate results (OA = 96.95%, AA= 94.87%, and Kappa = 95.93%), effectively addressing misclassifications observed in the other combinations. These findings underscore the synergistic contributions of each of the Aster bands, PC bands, and BR images, with Aster bands proving pivotal for optimal skarn classification, PC bands enhancing intrusions classification accuracy, and BR images strengthening wall rock classification accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed combination of input image bands emerges as a robust and comprehensive methodology, demonstrating unparalleled accuracy in the remote sensing detection of skarn iron minerals.
Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Sequencing: Sequential, Concomitant, or What Else? A Comprehensive Review on the Adjuvant Combinations Journey
Authors: Lazzari Grazia , Benevento Ilaria , Montagna Antonietta , D'Andrea Barbara , Bianculli Antonella , Calice Giovanni , Tucciariello Raffaele , Castaldo Giovanni , Metallo Vito , Solazzo Angela
Published: September 2024

Up to now in breast cancer (BC) treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy (A-CT) precedes adjuvant radiotherapy (A-RT). It’s beyond question that A-RT improves local control while A-CT improves the Disease Free Survival (DFS) due to the reduction of metastatic distant recurrences. Taken togheter these two approaches impact favourably on the reduction of breast cancer mortality. In the last twenty years, the adjuvant treatment of BC has evolved quickly due to a better knowledge of its molecular biology , genetic prohile and its α/β ratio 3 / 4 Gy for the tumor and normal tissues radiosensitivity. Thus new schedules with hypofractionated radiotherapy have been tested and third generation of A-CT have been introduced leading to a better survival rate but a further delay in A-RT starting, raising the question to rethink the sequencing between these two approaches. However the sequencing timing between these two approaches still remains unchanged with A-CT before A-RT as the standard of care. Many attempts have been provided in order to optimize this sequencing. This comprehensive review is a journey among randomised, retrospective and prospective studies which highlights the past, the current and the novelties on timing sequencing proposals between these two modalities to assess the state of art. Sequential, concomitant and sandwitch modalities of chemotherapy with conventional or hypofractionated RT schedules from the most important studies will be analysed in this review.
Resource: Characterization of the Rat Osteosarcoma Cell Line UMR-106 by Long Read Technologies Identifies a Large Block of Amplified Genes Associated with Human Disease
Authors: Scott Alan F , Mohr David W , Littrell William A , Babu Reshma , Kokosinski Michelle , Stinnett Victoria L , Madhiwala Janvi , Anderson John , Zou Ying S , Gabrielson Kathy
Published: September 2024

The rat osteosarcoma cell line UMR-106 is widely used for the study of bone cancer biology. We have characterized UMR-106 with a combination of optical genome mapping (OGM), long-read sequencing (for identification of variants and 5mC methylation), and short-read RNA sequencing for expression. Genome sequence was compared to a Sprague-Dawley control animal, the strain from which UMR-106 was derived, and expression data were compared to a public rat osteoblast dataset. Using the COSMIC database to identify the most affected genes in human osteosarcomas (OS) we found somatic mutations in Tp53 and H3f3a in UMR-106. OGM identified a relatively small number of differences between the cell line and strain-matched control animal but did detect a ~45 Mb block of amplification that included Myc on chromosome 7 which was confirmed by long-read sequencing. The amplified region included several genes reported as biomarkers in human osteosarcoma, many of which showed increased transcription. A comparison of 5mC methylation from the nanopore reads of tumor and control highlighted several genes with distinct differences including the OS marker Cdkn2a. This dataset illustrates the value of long DNA methods for the characterization of cell lines and how inter-species analysis can inform about the genetic nature underlying mutations that underpin specific tumor types. The data should be a valuable resource for investigators studying osteosarcoma, in general, and specifically the UMR-106 model.
Microbial Community Analysis of Caproic Acid-Producing Bacteria in Sub-High-Temperature Daqu
Authors: Ren Zhiqiang , Huang Shuqin , Huang Zhiguo
Published: September 2024

To investigate the composition of caproic acid-producing bacterial communities in sub-high-temperature Daqu, we analyzed four different Daqu samples from Sichuan. After enriching the samples with a specialized medium, we performed high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons on the metagenomic DNA from both the Daqu samples and the enrichment cultures. Our analysis focused on identifying and characterizing the caproic acid-producing bacterial communities present in Daqu. The results revealed that enrichment increased both the diversity and abundance of potential caproic acid-producing bacteria in Daqu. The predominant caproic acid-producing bacteria, with a relative abundance greater than 1%, included Clostridium sensu stricto 18 (2.19% to 69.00%), Clostridium sensu stricto 15 (1.76% to 7.65%), as well as smaller amounts of Clostridium sensu stricto 12, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Clostridium sensu stricto 10, Clostridium sensu stricto 7, and Caproiciproducens. Specifically, Q1 Daqu was characterized by the presence of Clostridium sensu stricto 18 and Clostridium sensu stricto 15. Q2 Daqu featured Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Caproiciproducens, and Clostridium sensu stricto 18. Q3 Daqu included Clostridium sensu stricto 18 and Caproiciproducens. Q4 Daqu contained Clostridium sensu stricto 18 and Clostridium sensu stricto 1. These findings indicate that there are variations in the composition of caproic acid-producing bacterial communities among different sub-high-temperature Daqu samples from Sichuan. This preliminary analysis provides a theoretical basis for further studies on caproic acid bacteria in Daqu and offers insights into the development of high-quality Daqu, which may enhance the quality of Nongxiangxing liquor.
A Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Tumor Markers in Saliva
Authors: Li Junrong , Ding Yihao , Shi Yuxuan , Liu Zhiying , Lin Jun , Cao Rui , Wang Miaomiao , Tan Yushuo , Zong Xiaolin , Qu Zhan , Du Liping , Wu Chunsheng
Published: September 2024

Biosensors have emerged as a promising tool for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) due to their rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of cancer biomarkers. Saliva is a non-invasive and easy-to-obtain biofluid that contains various biomarkers of OSCC, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this study, an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of CEA in Saliva has been developed towards the diagnosis and early screening of OSCC. This biosensor utilized CEA-sensitive aptamer as sensitive elements. Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) chip with surface modification of zinc oxide nanorod was employed as transducer. Electrochemical measurements were carried out to detect the responsive signals originated from the specific binding between aptamers and CEAs. The measurement results indicated that this biosensor was responsive to different concentrations of CEA ranging from 1 ng/mL to 80 ng/mL in a linear relationship. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.75 ng/mL. This biosensor also showed very good specificity and regenerative capability. Stability testing over a 12-day period showed excellent performance of this biosensor. All the results demonstrated that this biosensor have great potential to be used for the detection of CEA in the saliva of OSCC patients. This biosensor provides a promising method for the rapid detection of CEA with convenience, which have great potential to be used as a new method for clinical diagnosis and early screening of OSCC.
Estimation of Requirements of the Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan, Valine, Isoleucine and Methionine on Young Pigs (~50kg) Feed Efficiency: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Chae Byungho , Poaty Ditengou Junior Isaac Celestin , Lee A-Leum , Tak Jisoo , Cheon Inhyeok , Choi Nag-Jin
Published: September 2024

Currently, the NRC amino acids (AA) requirements for pigs published in 2012 are used as a reference in variable swine industries. However, recent results in several articles suggest that the standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA: Lysine (Lys) ratio significantly evolved over the last two decades, while some publications report inconsistent outcomes. Therefore, the present study used a meta-regression analysis to assess the relative ratio to lysine to maximize the feed efficiency of four essential amino acids (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine) in pig diets. According to the PRISMA guidelines, articles examining the target AA requirement using a basal diet supplemented with varying levels of crystalline AA (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, or methionine) were identified across Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. As a result, 23, 22, 16, and 9 articles using tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine were selected and categorized into experiments for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The results suggested that the requirements of tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine in our meta-regression analysis were superior to NRC recommendations regardless of the regression models and the growth phases with significant RSQ values (RSQ ≈ 1). Also, the QUAD and CLP regression models emphasized higher requirements than the LP model for the great majority of amino acids and growth phases. The results of the QUAD and CLP models were selected as estimations of amino acid requirements for pigs under challenged conditions whereas the LP model was chosen to estimate the amino acid requirements of genetically improved pigs under a modern housing system. The results of this meta-regression analysis might be used to refresh the information on the NRC amino acids (AA) requirements for swine.
Investigation on the Performances of Esterified Waste Cooking Oil Recycling Agent and Recycled Asphalt
Authors: Wang Junhui , Ye Qunshan , Fan Lingyi , Xie Cheng , Liu Haobin
Published: September 2024

Waste cooking oil (WCO) recycled asphalt is facing issues regarding insufficient thermal oxidation stability and aging resistance. In this research, glycerol esterification was adopted to pretreat WCO, and the consequences of this treatment on the aging resistance and thermal stability of WCO were analyzed. The impacts of varying levels of esterification of WCO on the high-temperature, low-temperature performances, fatigue properties, as well as aging resistance of recycled asphalt were investigated. Furthermore, the mechanisms of regeneration and anti-aging of deeply esterified WCO recycled asphalt were revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) tests. The results indicated that variations in the physical properties of WCO during the aging process were reduced, and its aging resistance was improved following glycerol esterification therapy. The initial thermal decomposition temperature was increased by approximately 115°C, which resulted in the enhancement of thermal stability significantly. Recycled asphalt obtained from deeply esterified WCO exhibited superior high-temperature, low-temperature performances and fatigue properties. Moreover, the thermal oxidation stability and aging resistance of recycled asphalt with deep-esterified WCO could be promoted by reducing the oxidation and volatilization of light components during the aging process.
Assessment of Sustainable Land Management Alternatives for the Provision of Ecosystem Services in Communal Lands in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Diaz-Maroto Ignacio J. , Conde-Fernández Adriana
Published: September 2024

Communal lands covers a surface area of 1 million hectares in the Galicia-North Portugal region (northwest Iberian Peninsula). The average size of this land ownership type is 500 ha in Portugal and 200 ha in Galicia. The region has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) lower than other developed regions of Europe, being considered within Objective 1 of the European Union (EU). For centuries, the baldios and montes veciñais en man común (MVMC) have played a key role in the economy of rural areas of Portugal and Galicia respectively. This function was lost throughout the 20th century due to forestry policies developed especially in the dictatorial regimes established in both Spain and Portugal, bringing about an important decline in agricultural practices. The restoration of democratic regimes returned ownership of the communal lands to the local/rural communities. Taking into account the extent and large average size of these lands, our aim was to describe the potential use and limitations of the communal lands, as well as the influence on sustainable rural development regarding the numerous ecosystem services it offers. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to evaluate stakeholders opinions in relation to communal land sustainable management. Both rural areas, i.e. Galicia and North Portugal, have similar characteristics, provide the same type of benefits and require numerous social improvements to achieve sustainable development. Communal lands and small-scale business initiatives can support local produce markets while promoting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.
T Cell Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination
Authors: Notarbartolo Samuele
Published: September 2024

The innate and adaptive immune systems collaborate to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, minimize the viral spread, and kill infected cells, ultimately leading to the resolution of the infection. The adaptive immune system develops a memory of previous encounters with the virus, providing enhanced responses when rechallenged by the same pathogen. Such immunological memory is the basis of vaccine function. Here, we review the current knowledge on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, focusing on the pivotal role of T cells in establishing protective immunity against the virus. After providing an overview of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we describe the main features of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including cross-reactive T cells, generated in patients with different degrees of COVID-19 severity, and of Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by vaccines. Finally, we discuss T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants and hybrid immunity and conclude by highlighting possible strategies to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination.
Microbiological Contamination Prediction of River Deltas in Similar Areas and Applicability throughout Mediterranean Areas
Authors: Kakavas Konstantinos V. , Lampronikou Marina
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to compare various indicators of microbiological contamination in coastal areas near estuaries around the world. A major factor contributing to the presence of fecal coliforms is the geomorphology of the area, and, more particularly, whether the area concerned is an open or enclosed bay, the climate of the area, its tourism development, and, lastly, the urban, agricultural, livestock, or industrial activities carried out near river mouths. The aim was also to attempt to systematize the microbiological contamination of the above – mentioned estuaries around the world for broader applicability. The method used and the experimental apparatus for the isolation of bacteria was the membrane filtration method described in ISO 7704:1985. For the growth and enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli the method described in ISO 9308-1 was used, while for enterococcus the one described in ISO 7899-2:2001. No statistically significant difference was found at many points in Greece and Spain, for either of the two patho-genic bacteria. In this work, the documentation of the microbiological contamination of river del-tas was achieved in similar areas (Greece and Spain) and could be applicable throughout the Mediterranean.
Hybrid Machine Learning for Stunting Prevalence: A Novel Comprehensive Approach to Classification, Prediction, and Clustering Optimization in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Hasdyna Novia , Dinata Rozzi Kesuma , Rahmi Rahmi , Fajri T. Irfan
Published: September 2024

Stunting is a major public health issue in Aceh, Indonesia, requiring advanced analytical techniques for effective interventions. This study presents a novel hybrid machine learning framework designed to enhance the analysis of stunting through improved classification, predic-tive modeling, and clustering optimization. The framework utilizes Support Vector Machines (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Sigmoid kernels for classification. The RBF kernel achieved an accuracy of 91.3%, significantly outperforming the Sigmoid kernel's 85.6%. Linear Regression was employed for predictive modeling, yielding a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.137, which indicates strong predictive accuracy. In clustering, the optimized K-Medoids method, in-corporating a weight product approach, demonstrated superior efficiency by requiring only 3 iterations for convergence, compared to 7 iterations for the conventional K-Medoids method. Additionally, it achieved a higher Calinski Harabasz Index of 93.7, compared to 85.2 for the conventional method. This comprehensive approach enhances accuracy and efficiency across classification, prediction, and clustering tasks, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy development to address stunting in Aceh.
Dynamics of SEPAIVRD model for COVID-19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Amit Kumar , Saha Goutam , Shahrear Pabel
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Background: Since 2020, when the Covid-19 outbreak began, researchers worldwide have been investigating its biological processes, transmission patterns, and the mathematical expression of this infectious disease. Multiple mathematical models have been presented thus far, with the simplest being the SIR model. The question now is whether the SIR model can provide a comprehensive representation of Covid-19 or if a more intricate model is necessary. With this in mind, the SEPAIVRD model has been developed. Objective: This study focuses on understanding the third wave of Covid-19 that began in mid-May 2021 in Bangladesh. To achieve this, we introduced three essential compartments in our model: Presymptomatic (P), Asymptomatic (A), and Vaccinated (V) classes. The Asymptomatic class will help us determine how close the population is to achieving herd immunity. The Presymptomatic class will provide insight into whether we can effectively control Covid-19 by identifying infected individuals over an extended period. Lastly, the Vaccinated class will allow us to explore how the Presymptomatic class affects those who have received the vaccine. The results of this study aim to address these questions. Findings: According to the study findings, an increase in vaccination rates could result in a decrease in the number of people getting infected every day, lessening the strain on healthcare resources and lowering the risk of transmission to others. Moreover, the research highlights the significance of using highly effective vaccines to combat COVID-19 cases and fatalities, particularly in areas with low vaccination rates. Additionally, implementing social distancing measures can be an effective approach to contain the spread of the virus by reducing the effective contact rate. Conclusion: The model presented in this study provides a comprehensive overview of Covid-19 transmission in Bangladesh. Furthermore, this model can be applied to other countries in South Asia and is therefore a valuable mathematical model for understanding Covid-19.
Treatment of the Fractures of the Humeral Surgical Neck: MIROS versus Intramedullary Nailing. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Palco Michelangelo , Giuca Gabriele , Fenga Domenico , Sanzarello Ilaria , Nanni Matteo , Leonetti Danilo
Published: September 2024

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcomes of treating isolated surgical neck fractures of the humerus using either the intramedullary nail or the MIROS (Minimally Invasive Reduction and Osteosynthesis System®) system. The study included 42 patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Polyclinic from January 2014 to June 2020. The results indicated that both treatments were effective; however, the MIROS system exhibited a higher complication rate. Intramedullary nailing was more reliable, thus recommended as the primary treatment method. This study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate fixation technique to minimize complications and enhance patient outcomes.
Trichoderma: Harzianum Complex Clade Species in Soils of Central and South America: Revision and Distribution
Authors: Ismaiel Adnan , Jambhulkar Prashant P. , Sinha Parimal , Lakshman Dilip K.
Published: September 2024

As environmental and health concerns increase, the trend of sustainable agriculture moves toward using biological agents. About 60% of all biological fungicides have Trichoderma species as the active ingredient, with T. harzianum as the most common species in these products. However, the name T. harzianum has often been incorrectly used in culture collections, databases, and the scientific literature due to the division of the Harzianum Complex Clade (HCC) into more than 95 cryptic species with only one being named T. harzianum. In this study, 49 strains previously identified as T. harzianum in three surveys of Trichoderma species from soils in South and Central America were re-identified using phylogenetic analyses based on tef1α, rpb2, and ITS loci and were combined with the corresponding species in two other studies, where the species were correctly identified. Based on the results of the five surveys of the total 148 strains in HCC, 11 species were identified and T. afroharzianum, T. lentiforme, T. endophyticum followed by T. azedevio and T. harzianum were detected as the dominant species of the HCC in South and Central America. This is the first report of identifying dominant Trichoderma species within the HCC in South and Central American soil based on multiple studies, which will be useful in selecting strains within the complex clade for formulation of biocontrol and biofertilizer products in the continent.
White Hydrogen (H2) from Scrap Aluminium (Al3+) Dross: Transformation of Industrial Waste into a Fuel Source for the Future
Authors: Jarariya Rahul , Dehury Pyarimohan
Published: September 2024

Aluminium dross is the industrial waste from aluminium refining industry and accordance with toxic waste materials, it’s also recognized as a by-product of aluminium production, has historically posed significant environmental challenges due to its toxic and reactive nature. However, recent advancements in technology have revealed the potential of transforming aluminium dross into a valuable source of white hydrogen. This review paper explores the methodologies, benefits, and challenges associated with this transformation. By analysing current research and industrial practices, our review highlighted the potential of this innovative approach to mitigate waste and contribute to sustainable energy solutions. In addition, the utilization of Aluminium dross can be considered as innovative and advancement in sustainable waste management strategy instead of direct disposal, and hot springs use advances in direct utilization. Our experimental work achieved white hydrogen maximum flowrate at 600 sec. with 120ºC.
Plastic Design of Metal Thin-Walled Cross-Sections of Any Shape Under Any Combination of Internal Forces
Authors: Aguero Antonio , Balaz Ivan , Hoglund Torsten , Kolekova Yvona
Published: September 2024

The introduction provides an overview of beginning the development of a plastic design of metal
thin-walled cross-sections. This large study investigates in detail together 14 steel and four extruded
aluminium cross-sections. Six groups of various shaped cross-sections that consist of: four I-shaped
doubly symmetric sections (two I-sections, one I-section with lips, one H-section); three
monosymmetric sections with axis of symmetry z (monosymmetric I-section, T-section, diamond
section); four monosymmetric sections with axis of symmetry y (two channels, channel with inside
lips, channel with outside lips); two point symmetric sections (Z-section with and without lips); four
asymmetric sections (L-profile, sigma section, two closed sections: oblique and irregular sections;
non-warping sections along midline, but with negligible warping along the element's thicknesses: Tsection and L-profile are included in the above groups. Four extruded aluminium cross-sections are: I
200a section, diamond section and closed oblique and irregular sections. For all 18 cross-sections,
the plastic section moduli of three kinds were calculated: Wpl,y,nB, Wpl,z,nB for bimoment not
considered to be constraint; Wpl,y, Wpl,z, Wpl,wfor bimoment considered to be restraint; maximum
values Wpl,y,max, Wpl,z,max, Wpl,w,max.
The values of cross-section plastic resistances Npl, Mpl,y,Rd, Mpl,z,Rd and Bpl are also calculated in
numerical examples. The values of cross-section properties are calculated in different ways to verify
the correctness of the results. The following ways of calculations are used: the rules in Eurocode EN
1993-1-1: 2022; own MathCad programmes; own software.
Recommendations for educational institutes and designers in practice are provided, including
simple formulae for all the cross-sectional properties for the doubly and monosymmetric I-shaped
sections, channels and Z-sections. Formulae are presented in six tables containing formulae in the
dimensionless form, which are useful for parametrical studies and formulae for direct designs.
The background of the Eurocode rules in EN 1993-1-1: 2022 is explained together with
recommendations about how to avoid problems with using them.
Navigating the Semiochemical Landscape: Attraction of Subcortical Beetle Communities to Bark Beetle Pheromones, Fungal and Host Stress Volatiles
Authors: Crandall Leah C.A. , Zaman Rashaduz , Duthie-Holt Marnie , Jarvis Wade , Erbilgin Nadir
Published: September 2024

Subcortical beetles interact with a wide range of semiochemicals released from different sources, including trees, fungi, and insect pheromones. While the attraction of bark beetles, their insect predators, and competitors to bark beetle pheromones is well-studied, the attraction of these beetle communities to other sources of semiochemicals remains poorly understood. We tested the attraction of bark and wood-boring beetles and their predators to host stress volatiles, fungal volatiles, and a mountain pine beetle lure in the field. Host stress volatiles were derived from lodgepole pine trees stressed by three fungal symbionts of mountain pine beetle and two common phytopathogens. Our results showed that bark beetles, particularly mountain pine beetles, show a preference for a combination of fungal volatiles, particularly 2-methyl-1-butanol and mountain pine beetle lures. Without the addition of lures, 2-methyl-1-butanol was also identified as a key fungal volatile in the attraction of mountain pine beetle competitors from the Cerambycidae and Buprestidae families. Predators in the Elateridae and Staphylinidae families showed attraction to host stress volatiles and the healthy tree volatile profile. These findings suggest that these chemicals warrant further field testing for potential use in monitoring and management of subcortical beetle populations.
Hypoxia Pathways in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Zhang Jiarui , Tang Tuoxian , Liu Zhenjiang
Published: September 2024

The human brain is highly dependent on oxygen, utilizing approximately 20% of the body’s oxygen at rest. Oxygen deprivation to the brain can lead to loss of consciousness within seconds and death within minutes. Recent studies have identified regions of the brain with spontaneous episodic hypoxia, referred to as "hypoxic pockets." Hypoxia can also result from impaired blood flow due to conditions such as heart disease, blood clots, stroke, or hemorrhage, as well as from reduced oxygen intake or excessive oxygen consumption caused by factors like low ambient oxygen, pulmonary diseases, infections, inflammation, and cancer. Severe hypoxia in the brain can manifest symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD), including cerebral edema, mood disturbances, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, the development of PD appears to be closely associated with hypoxia and hypoxic pathways. This review seeks to investigate the molecular interactions between hypoxia and PD, emphasizing the pathological role of hypoxic pathways in PD and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets.
Early Fever in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Are Presepsin and YKL-40 Valuable Diagnostic Tools?
Authors: Babel Jakša , Košuta Iva , Vujaklija Brajković Ana , Lončar Vrančić Ana , Premužić Vedran , Rogić Dunja , Duraković Nadira
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a lifesaving treatment but carries a high infection risk. Diagnosing infections remains challenging due to the limited accuracy of standard biomarkers. (2) Methods: This single-center study aimed to evaluate presepsin (PSP) and YKL-40 as infection biomarkers in febrile patients during the allo-HSCT pre-engraftment phase. Biomarker levels were prospectively measured in 61 febrile episodes from 54 allo-HSCT patients at admission, representing baseline levels and then at Day 1, 3, 5, and 7 following fever onset. The diagnostic value was compared to that of procalcitonin (PCT). (3) Results: PSP showed fair diagnostic value on Day 1 (AUC 0.656; 95% CI: 0.510 – 0.802) and Day 3 (AUC 0.698; 95% CI: 0.559 – 0.837). YKL-40 did not provide any significant diagnostic value across measured time points. PCT outperformed PSP and YKL-40, particularly on Day 3 (AUC 0.712; 95% CI: 0.572 – 0.852). When combining biomarkers, the best model for predicting infection used PSP > 3.144 ng/mL and PCT > 0.28 g/L on Day 3, resulting in R2 of about 31% (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Neither test showed sufficient discriminative power for early infection to recommend their use as individual diagnostic tools in clinical practice.
Regulation of HDAC6 Catalytic Activity in Cancer: The Role of Post-translational Modifications and Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Asaad Leen Abdulqader , Pepperrell Benjamin , Furlong Fiona
Published: September 2024

Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a large multidomain protein that deacetylates lysine residues on cytoplasmic proteins, influencing a wide range of cellular processes. Both the catalytic and non-catalytic functions of HDAC6 are implicated in cancer development and progression. Over a decade of clinical trials with catalytic domain inhibitors, such as Ricolinostat (ACY1215), has shown that these drugs are well tolerated and can alleviate chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies. However, their effectiveness in treating solid tumors remains uncertain due to the limited number of clinical trials and the small size of patient cohorts, leading to inconclusive results. HDAC6 activity is regulated by protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, which may allosterically influence its catalytic domains. Therefore, targeting HDAC6 in cancer therapy with small molecule inhibitors requires a more sophisticated understanding of its role within the tumor microenvironment, including whether its expression correlates with deacetylase activity. A comprehensive evaluation of both its enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions could be crucial in developing more effective strategies for targeting HDAC6 in cancer.
Clinical Expression of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Patients from France and French Canada Carrying Identical by Descent Pathogenic LDLR Gene Variants: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Larouche Miriam , Bluteau Olivier , Carrié Alain , Lauzière Alex , Khoury Etienne , Brisson Diane , Gaudet Daniel , Gallo Antonio
Published: September 2024

Background: Studying patients carrying identical by descent (IBD) pathogenic gene variants allows to control for the disease-causing genetic background and to more accurately document the impact of modifiers. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by elevated LDL-c levels, premature atherosclerosis and is often caused by defects in the LDLR gene. There is a high prevalence of FH in French Canada carry IBD FH-causing due to a founder effect from France in the 17th Century. Several FH patients currently living in French Canada (founder population) and in France (colonizing population) carry IBD FH-causing variants. The expression of FH is affected by environmental and genetic modifiers and patients with IBD variants may present different characteristics. Methods: In this study, we compared FH clinical expression patients carrying IBD LDLR pathogenic variants living in France or Canada. Four IBD variants, namely c.259T>G p.(Trp87Gly); c.2000G>A p.(Cys667Tyr); c.682G>A p.(Glu228Lys); and c.1048C>T p.(Arg350*) were selected. Untreated plasma lipid profiles, APOE genotype, cardiovascular risk factors and occurrence of symptomatic ASCVD were compared in 105 adult carriers (30 from France and 75 from French Canada). Results: All parameters were similar between the two populations, except for untreated total cholesterol (10.14 ± 1.89 mmol/L vs 8.65 ± 1.84 mmol/L, p=0.0006) and LDL-c concentrations (7.94 ± 1.86 mmol/L vs 6.93 ± 1.78 mmol/L, p=0.016) that were significantly higher in FH patients living in France, a trend that was observed in all studied LDLR variants. Conclusion: This study illustrates that FH patients sharing IBD pathogenic LDLR variants that have evolved in different geographic, cultural and socio-economic environments for hundreds of years, differ in term of cholesterol levels highlighting the importance of better understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental modulators of FH expression.
Differences in Diet Assessment and Body Composition among Young Spanish Elite Footballers: Morning Training vs. Evening Training
Authors: Almendros-Ruiz Antonio , Latorre Jose Antonio , Conde-Pipo Javier , Fernández-Martínez José , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío , Requena Bernardo , Mariscal-Arcas Miguel
Published: September 2024

Training schedule is a factor that influences sports performance optimization. In a sport like soccer, there is often significant disparity in training schedules among different teams within the same club, without considering whether this may affect players' performance. The aim of this study was to describe differences in nutrient intake and body composition in elite youth soccer players from the Spanish league with different training schedules (morning and evening). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine differences in anthropometric variables and dietary assessment in a sample of Spanish young soccer players. A total of 41 players participated in this study. After comparing the groups according to their training schedule, no differences were observed in body composition between both groups; the evening-night training group showed higher consumption of lipids and saturated fats. In summary, more experimental studies are needed to determine the effects on various health and performance parameters of different training schedules in young population.
Machine Learning Analysis of Precipitation as Trigger for Shallow Landslides: Ometepe Island, Nicaragua
Authors: Arcia Castro Victor , Corzo Gerald
Published: September 2024

In this study, we address the need for improved landslide forecasting by exploring innovative machine learning approaches to classify shallow landslide events. Focusing on Ometepe Island, Nicaragua, known for its susceptibility to hydrometeorological incidents and seismic activities, we constructed a comprehensive shallow landslide database using coherence layers derived from SAR images. We applied coherence thresholds ranging from 0.9 to 0.99, in conjunction with 7-day aggregated spatio-temporal precipitation data. By employing machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Classifier, we established a correlation between precipitation patterns and landslide occurrences. The Support Vector Classifier with a Sigmoidal kernel proved to be the most effective, achieving an F1 score of 0.67. Our results demonstrate a linkage between precipitation and landslide events, confirming the critical role of rainfall over 7-day periods in triggering these events. The study also indicates that, while rainfall is a crucial factor, it is not the sole trigger for landslides, as seismic activities also play a significant role. This research contributes valuable insights into landslide prediction and risk assessment, underscoring the potential of machine learning in enhancing environmental hazard analysis.
Moyamoya Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Jayte Mohamed , Abdi Awil
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose: Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by stenosis of the carotid arteries and the formation of collateral vessels at the base of the brain. While advances have been made in understanding its genetics, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies, further research is needed. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize current knowledge on Moyamoya disease and identify areas for future study. Materials and Methods: A literature search of databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted. Search terms included "Moyamoya disease" and related terms. Only English articles were reviewed, with no date restrictions. Relevant data was extracted and synthesized. Results: Key findings indicate that genetic factors such as RNF213 variants play an important role in disease susceptibility. Imaging modalities such as MRI and CT angiography are crucial for diagnosis. Surgical revascularization shows superior outcomes compared to medical management for ischemic and hemorrhagic presentations. However, optimal treatment for asymptomatic cases remains unclear. Neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae can negatively impact quality of life. Promising research directions include investigating ethnic differences, developing biomarkers, and exploring novel therapeutics targeting molecular pathways. Conclusions: In summary, comprehension of Moyamoya disease has significantly progressed but gaps remain regarding treatment of certain populations and underlying mechanisms. Further research addressing these areas can aid in developing personalized care approaches and new interventions to improve patient outcomes
Four-Channel Integrated High-Voltage Power Supply for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Xing Haoyue , Hao Qun , Yao Cancan , Zhang Zitong , Li Jiafu , Cheng Yang
Published: September 2024

Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) are emerging as promising candidates for various applica-tions in robotics and optical devices due to their lightweight, miniaturization potential, high en-ergy density, simple structure, and low power consumption. However, their effective actuation always demands sophisticated high-voltage driving circuits that are compact and responsive. DEAs need to be capable of generating intricate high-voltage waveforms or simultaneously con-trolling multiple channels with distinct high-voltage levels. This paper proposes a high-voltage power supply for DEAs, featuring a four-channel high-voltage driving circuit. The circuit is ca-pable of independently generating high-voltage signals ranging from 100 V to 6000 V and can be programmed to produce arbitrary waveforms with adjustable frequencies. The independent op-eration of channels without crosstalk showcases the system's integration and potential for cross-disciplinary applications.
Precious Cargo: The Role of Polymeric Nanoparticles in the Delivery of Covalent Drugs
Authors: Weissberger Daniel , Stenzel Martina , Hunter Luke
Published: September 2024

Covalent drugs can offer significant advantages over noncovalent drugs, in terms of pharmacodynamics (i.e. target-binding properties). However, the development of covalent drugs is sometimes hampered by pharmacokinetic limitations (e.g. low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and toxicity due to off-target binding). Polymeric nanoparticles offer a potential solution to these limitations. Delivering covalent drugs via polymeric nanoparticles provides myriad benefits in terms of drug solubility; permeability; lifetime; selectivity; controlled release; and the opportunity for synergistic administration alongside other drugs. In this short review, we examine each of these benefits in turn, illustrated through multiple case-studies.
Treatment of Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Campagna Giovanna , Tagliati Corrado , Giuseppetti Gian Marco , Ripani Pietro
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to identify and illustrate the most used psychological techniques in the field of cystic fibrosis (CF) and to help clinicians choosing the appropriate strategy among the various possibilities. The disease and its medical treatments can be difficult to tolerate and can cause anxiety about health status or feelings of hopelessness and stress.
The prevalence of depression and anxiety is 2.3 times higher in adults with CF than in community samples. A strong correlation has been identified between elevated psychological distress and unfavorable health outcomes, including, among others, impaired lung function, reduced BMI, an increased incidence of pulmonary exacerbations, and an elevated risk of transplantation. The use of psychological interventions is useful in addressing these common distress in CF patients.
Aware of the necessity to identify efficacious interventions for all levels of depression and anxiety in CF patients, this study presents an overview of the research on psychological interventions for patients with CF, in order to complement the treatments suggested by the international guidelines on mental health in CF cases. In fact, the aim of this study is to conduct a review and quantitative synthesis of the psychological intervention techniques that are currently available for individuals with CF.
Estimating Carbon Stock in Unmanaged Forests Using Field Data and Remote Sensing
Authors: Leditznig Thomas , Klug Hermann
Published: September 2024

Unmanaged forest ecosystems play a critical role in addressing the ongoing climate and biodiversity crises. As there is no commercial interest in monitoring the health and development of such inaccessible habitats, low-cost assessment approaches are needed. We used a method combining RGB imagery acquired using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Sentinel-2 data and field surveys to determine the carbon stock of an unmanaged forest in the UNESCO World Heritage Site wilderness area Dürrenstein-Lassingtal in Austria. The entry-level consumer drone (DJI Mavic Mini) and free of charge Sentinel-2 multispectral datasets were used for the evaluation. We merged the Sentinel-2 derived vegetation index NDVI with aerial photogrammetry data and used an orthomosaic and a Digital Surface Model (DSM) to map the extent of woodland in the study area. The Random Forest (RF) Machine Learning (ML) algorithm was used to classify land cover. Based on the acquired field data, the average carbon stock per hectare of forest was determined to be 371.423 ± 51.106 t of CO2 and applied to the ML-generated classification. An overall accuracy of 80.8% with a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.74 was achieved for the land cover classification, while the carbon stock of the living Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) was estimated with an accuracy of -1.0% (± 5.9%). In conclusion, the proposed approach demonstrated that the combination of low-cost remote sensing data and field work can predict above-ground biomass with high accuracy. The results and the estimation error distribution highlight the importance of accurate field data.
Digital Transformation in Family Businesses: An Analysis of Drivers with fsQCA
Authors: Porfírio José António Ferreira , Santos Pedro , Rodrigues Ricardo M.
Published: September 2024

Digital Transformation (DT) encompasses profound technological changes. Businesses face the challenge of adapting their activities to the pace of new technologies to increase the efficiency of business processes, improve the customer experience, and create innovative value propositions.
This research focuses on how family businesses, which are a relevant part of global economic activity and job creation, address the challenges associated with Digital Transformation. Based on the case of the automotive retail sector in a small European country characterized by the high acceptance of technologies, we use fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to understand how critical success factors (causal conditions) combine towards adopting technologies representing different perspectives of the DT.
The results confirm the existence of multiple configurations based on the importance of Organizational Culture, Change Management, Knowledge, Human Capital, IT Systems, and DT Strategy towards the adoption of CRM, Digital Marketing, and Social Networks technologies, thus helping family businesses to understand the adoption of these technologies leading to organizational success in the context of the Digital Transformation.