bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training in Improving Students' Interpersonal Communication
Authors: Rafida Rafida , Astuti Budi
Published: July 2024

The prevalent issue of low social skills and interpersonal communication among adolescents increases vulnerability to violence, such as bullying, both within the school environment and in social circles. Therefore, this research aimed to measure the effectiveness of social skills training (SST) in improving students' interpersonal communication skills. A quantitative experimental method was adopted, using the Quasi-Experimental Design in the form of a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Students from grade VIII Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Negeri 3 Bantul were selected as respondents through purposive sampling and were analyzed using paired sample t-tests. The pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvements in students' interpersonal communication skills in the experimental group, whereas no such improvements were observed in the control group. In conclusion, SST effectively improved interpersonal communication skills of students at MTs Negeri 3 Bantul.
Tensions between institutional and professional frames in team talk in gerontological social work
Authors: Cedersund Elisabet , Olaison Anna , Kvarnström Susanne
Published: July 2024

Team meetings are central to social workers’ decision-making practices. These meetings often function as a forum for collegial consultations, when applications are processed and recommendations on decisions are discussed. In this paper, we present findings from a case study on team talk and decision-making practices in gerontological social work. The data come from a body of material gathered within the framework of a larger project covering the process of assessing elder care for older persons in three Swedish municipalities. The case concerns an application, due to homelessness, from a couple for an apartment in special housing. The team meeting was analysed using a data-driven perspective within a micro-analytical approach to talk, focusing in detail on how conflicting perspectives in the assessment of the couple’s needs are dealt with, and how tensions between divergent views and opinions are handled in relation to institutional and professional conversational frames. The findings show how the care managers (in Sweden the professional title for social workers working in elder care) negotiated the boundaries of responsibility and power within both the institutional and professional frames, revealing that the institutional frame dominated when it came to making decisions. The findings have implications for practice, as they give insight into the interactional dynamics involved in social workers’ assessments when navigating different conversational frames within their decision-making practices.
Katinka’s Feast
Authors: Marchant Ian
Published: July 2024

The author has also written The Battle for Dole Acre, reviewed in PPC 68. This story was read at the Abergavenny Food Festival in 2001.
Murderous Herbs
Authors: Lyman-Dixon Anthony
Published: July 2024

This is the text (lightly adjusted) of a talk given by the author at a conference in Italy on the historical associations between herbs and poisonings (and female poisoners) in western literature.
Fish Bones and English Food History
Authors: Locker Alison
Published: July 2024

The article explores what assemblages of fish bones, as one form of organic remains, can tell us about past diets.  Such assemblages often form an important part of finds on archaeological sites.  The author explores the processes used to identify, examine, interpret and preserve this evidence presenting examples from British sites.
Comments on the Interpretation of Plagiarism
Authors: Notaker Henry
Published: July 2024

PPC 68 included an article by Stephen Mennell on plagarism and originality, a subject of importance to cookbook history. This article continues that investigation with a focus on the role of publisher vs author.
Agnes Jekyll: Kitchen Essays
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Agnes Jekyll: Kitchen Essays: Persephone Books, London, 2001: ISBN 1-903155-18-5: 263 pp., p/b, £10.
Janny de Moor: Groot Arabisch Kookboek
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Janny de Moor: Groot Arabisch Kookboek: Kosmos-Z&K Uitgevers, Utrecht, 2000: ISBN 90-215-3258-1: 256 pp., colour photos, h/b, no price given.
Ken Albala: Easting Right in the Renaissance
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Ken Albala: Easting Right in the Renaissance: University of California Press, 2002: ISBN 0-520-22947-9: 264 pp., b/w illus., h/b, £27.95.
William Woys Weaver: Sauerkraut Yankees. Pennsylvania Dutch Foods and Foodways
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

William Woys Weaver: Sauerkraut Yankees. Pennsylvania Dutch Foods and Foodways – second edition: Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg PA, 2002: ISBN 0-8117-151-0: 216 pp., b/w illus., h/b, $19.95.
Jonathan Meades: Incest and Morris Dancing
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Jonathan Meades: Incest and Morris Dancing: Cassell, 2002: ISBN 0304359386: 352 pp., h/b, £20.
John Wilkins: The boastful chef: the discourse of food in ancient Greek comedy
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: July 2024

John Wilkins: The boastful chef: the discourse of food in ancient Greek comedy: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Liz Copas: A Somerset Pomona. The Cider Apples of Somerset
Authors: Crowden James
Published: July 2024

Liz Copas: A Somerset Pomona. The Cider Apples of Somerset: The Dovecote Press, Stanbridge, Wimborne, Dorset, 2002: ISBN 1 874336 87 3: £9.95
Charmaine Solomon: The Complete Asian Cookbook
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Charmaine Solomon: The Complete Asian Cookbook: Grub Street, London, 2002: ISBN 1904010180: 512 pp., colour photos, h/b, £25.00.
E.S. Turner: What the Butler Saw
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

E.S. Turner: What the Butler Saw: Penguin, 2001: ISBN 0-141-39083-2: 312 pp., b&w illus., p/b, £4.99.
Systematic Review of Pinniped Sightings and Strandings Along the Pacific Coast of Colombia: Implications for Pinniped Conservation
Authors: Barragán-Barrera Dalia C. , Gálvez Casandra , Bermúdez-Rivas Christian , Aguirre-Tapiero María del Pilar , Avila Isabel C. , Arévalo-González Katerin , Acosta-Pachón Tatiana A.
Published: July 2024

Sightings of pinnipeds in Colombian waters of the Pacific Ocean have sporadically been reported since 1970. Despite the Colombian Pacific region (CPR) not being within their typical distribution range, six pinniped species—the Galápagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis), the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki), the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis), the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia), the Juan Fernández fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii), and the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)—have been recorded in recent times. This study presents an overall systematic review of pinniped sightings and strandings from 1970 to 2023 along the Pacific coast of Colombia, with a total of 68 sightings of 80 individuals. Pinnipeds were recorded most often in 1998 (13 individuals), followed by 2014 (nine individuals); 1997 (eight individuals); 1983 (seven individuals); and 1993, 1996, 2015, and 2020 (with three individuals each year). Most pinniped observations correspond to vagrants—solitary, young individuals sighted on the southern coast of the Colombian Pacific, specifically in Tumaco. Some records of these species appear to be influenced by upwelling events and changes in climatic-oceanographic phenomena (ENSO episodes) in the region. Further monitoring is necessary to determine whether species presence and abundance in the CPR is a response to (1) vagrant behavior of the species, (2) altered habitat use associated with bioecological changes in the species populations, and/or (3) shifts in distribution ranges related to potential new habitat suitability.
EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: NEXOS E RELAÇÕES DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES DE JOÃO PESSOA-PB
Authors: Freitas Rosimar Marcelino de , Lorenzini Ana Rita , Barboza Roberta de Granville , Souza Júnior Marcílio Barbosa Mendonça de
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo trata sobre a Educação Física na Educação infantil e seus nexos e relações com as perspectivas críticas. O texto traz uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que, por meio da análise de conteúdo, realizou um estudo descritivo-documental nos documentos de orientações curriculares da educação infantil e da educação física da rede municipal de João Pessoa-PB. À luz dos aspectos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e da Abordagem Crítica Superadora dialogamos sobre os nexos e relações dos documentos citados anteriormente com a teoria histórico-cultural. Verificamos que os documentos curriculares possuem elementos de psicologia histórico-cultural quando trata o desenvolvimento da criança no processo de ensino-aprendizagem através da periodização do desenvolvimento psicológico e a teoria da atividade-guia. No que se refere ao documento que orienta a disciplina de educação física, notamos que, apesar de indicar a cultura corporal como objeto de conhecimento da educação física, ainda trata do desempenho das aptidões corporais como principal motivo nas aulas.
A STEP FORWARD TO THE NETWORK METHOD FOR RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS IN ENCLOSURES
Authors: Costa Vitor A. F.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we proposed a network method for studying radiation in enclosures that expresses radiosities and
irradiations as functions of the blackbody emissive powers and of the radiation fluxes entering the enclosure through
its partially transparent walls. The results obtained are used to express the radiation heat flow exchange between two
surfaces and the net radiation heat flux leaving each of the enclosure surfaces as a function of these true driving forces for radiation heat transfer. This reduces the problem to its essential, as these are the true driving forces for the radiation heat transfer. Net radiation heat fluxes leaving each of the enclosure surfaces form the system of equations from which the relevant radiation heat transfer parameters for each surface are evaluated. The approach proposed is based on elementary matrices operations, the main attention being paid to the problem setting (just essential) thus leaving the calculations to the calculator or to the computer. It is introduced for enclosures with all opaque walls and illustrated by one example, and then extended to enclosures with partially transparent walls. The proposed simplifying and unifying approach is relevant not only to radiation heat transfer analysis and calculations, but also to pedagogical purposes, retaining attention on the essential of the radiation heat transfer problem formulation, setting aside intermediate/auxiliary variables calculations that are usually aversive, fastidious, detractive, and prone to errors.
Estimating Ego States: The Machine Learning Perspective
Authors: Szedel Jacek , Wieczorek Bożena
Published: July 2024

The interface between Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and psychology is an intensively explored research area. Specifically, Transactional Analysis (TA), with its structured and precise language, presents a promising area for applying ML techniques, unveiling new potential research avenues. This article explores the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and psychology, focusing on developing a method and the software environment for estimating ego states using MS Kinect™sensor data. The research investigates the application of TA theory, emphasizing capturing the behavioural ego indicators. While Kinect skeletal data is considered, the gestures and postures are the primary input. The Authors present an innovative approach to annotate and visualize Kinect data using video streams for further autonomous ego state estimation. Within this study, they collected a dataset of 15 students from The Silesian University of Technology. The data was acquired through the use of both a video camera and a Kinect sensor. The nine distinct labels were employed for data annotation. They reflect Parent, Adult, and Child ego states across different temporal dimensions encompassing the past, present, and future. The study includes preliminary results demonstrating the outcomes of this approach's visualization technique and their interpretation. The final part of the article discusses the potential of applying the presented method in applications for the education field.
The Impact of Embrace Therapy® in the Light of Transactional Analysis on the Closure of Needs ("Strokes") of the Inner Child, Changing the Perspective of Assessing the Situation and Releasing Difficult Emotions
Authors: Szymańska Dagmara
Published: July 2024

The Embrace Therapy® (ET) method is correlated with the concept of Transactional Analysis (TA®), which is currently considered to be one of the most holistic approaches to personality. Transactional analysis (TA), as a theory of the egostates (Parent, Adult, Child), provides a coherent and simple system for determining one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, both in relationships with other people and with oneself. Its practical therapeutic application touches on work and communication with the Inner Child (the Child ego state), which is the most primal and essential component of every personality. The ET® method combines the mental and spiritual aspects and is used to communicate with the Inner Child (IC) from the level of the Divine Parent (DP), i.e. Spiritual Consciousness, which in the concept of TA corresponds to the Adult ego state. The ET® method isused to release difficult emotions such as fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, powerlessness, anger, rage, sadness, grief.It offers an opportunity to release emotions from memories of the distant or near past, from the present, and from imagined fears for the future, as well as to change the perspective of an event. The empirical part of the article presents the results of research based on reports from brain wave recordings before and after ET® sessions, which indicate a significant reduction in stress and an increase in tranquility and calm in the subjects. The Biofeedback measurement method was used to study 8 volunteers. In the study, the parameters of all 8 waves (Delta, Theta, Alpha, SMR, Beta 1, Beta2, HiBeta, as well as Gamma) were measured and conclusions were drawn from the reports of these studies.
Impact of ICT– chaos and information “confusion” in the view of students and teachers
Authors: Baron-Polańczyk Eunika
Published: July 2024

The article presents a fragment of the diagnostic-correlation research of a mixed character, defining ICT competencies of students as far as using ICT methods and tools is concerned. It seeks an answer to the question on the consequences of using ICT by children and adolescents (significance level of new media impact) in the area of chaos and information “confusion”. A diagnostic survey (a questionnaire and an interview) and statistical methods (a chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used. 2510 students and 1110 teachers were researched. It was foundout that: 1) according to the aggregated order of importance regarding ICT impact, the information “confusion” category was given the least importance by the students (the fifth place), and small importance by the teachers (the fourth place); 2) there is a correlation (correlation: weak, positive – r ≅ 0,29)between the students’ opinions and the teachers’ views concerning the impact of using ICT by children and adolescents leading to growing information chaos and confusion (overload and interference with information handling); 3) the calculations of differentiators showed significant statistical differences between the impact of ICT on children and adolescents leading to chaos and information “confusion” and their educational stage and place of learning; 4) there is a noticeable similarity between the students’ and the teachers’ views –“separating” the world of children and adolescents (“Us”) from the world of teachers (“Them”) is of little significance.
The idea of universal design in the educational process at University. “Universal design as a space of equal opportunities and accessibility for people with disabilities”
Authors: Sołtysiak Wioletta
Published: July 2024

The article presents the concept of universal design in the educational process at University in the context of the author’s participation in the project called “Universal design as a space of equal opportunities and accessibility for people with disabilities.” To achieve the aforesaid aim, professional literature was studied, project tasks were discussed and the idea of universal design was referred to taking into account contemporary educational space. The author writes about the inclusion of universal design in the teaching-learning process at University, about the inclusion of teaching and accessibility which is a key-word for the idea of universal design. The aim of the project was achieved. Both the lecturers and the students gained more awareness of accessibility. Within the framework of realizing the project tasks, the author studied, among all, the rules of universal design and their practical use. The participants obtained knowledge, competencies and skills, which should allow for using them in the social sphere, in their professional practice.
Miradas
Authors: Torres Pablo Serrano
Published: July 2024

A queer exploration of the role of the stare in forging queer identities through an informal discussion about the film Laurence Anyways and the videoessayist's personal history of attachment to that film. Final project produced for the videographic workshop "Embodying the Videoessay," Bowdoin College, 2023.
Freedom, Spontaneity, and Our Encounters
Authors: McTernan Emily
Published: July 2024

This article defends the significance of our encounters on the grounds of their distinctive contribution to our freedom. The variety and novelty of our encounters, and the spontaneity they allow us in the shaping of our selves, creates opportunities for us to revise our conceptions of the good, to try out new narratives of our lives, and different ways of presenting ourselves. Even when we don’t take up these opportunities, still our encounters provide us with a sense of the openness and possibility of a human life. This role of encounters in a free human life challenges the overemphasis when conceptualising liberal freedom on the unimpeded pursuit of our plans or conceptions of the good: freedom is also about having a life that lies open before us. This defence also makes central not the fleeting contact between strangers on city streets and parks which has hitherto been the focus of political philosophers but, rather, our casual connections and weak ties with others, and in places beyond the city and its public spaces.
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies in Online Dispute Resolution: A Solution to Consumer Disputes in South Africa?
Authors: Ngcobo Mnotho
Published: July 2024

With the growth of e-commerce transactions and people living their lives online, it is important for consumer disputes to be tailored in a manner that is suitable for consumers and their types of disputes. Currently South Africa is facing major delays in resolving consumer disputes, and consumers end up not pursuing their low-value claims as the current processes take a long time. Further, consumers do not have the funds to pay attorneys. The Consumer Protection Act encourages the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) before a consumer dispute can be referred to a court of law. However, such ADR processes are lengthy and do not provide consumers with affordable and efficient relief. The current ADR processes do not meet the expectations of the consumers; thus, this paper proposes an integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Technologies in resolving consumer disputes via online dispute resolution (ODR). Various forms of AI and blockchain technologies are explored. The concept of online dispute resolution is introduced and current examples of online dispute resolution systems like eBay, and countries that have already moved to online dispute resolution with the integration of AI, are used as exemplary models for a South African online dispute resolution powered by AI and blockchain technologies.
Concussion risk and symptomology severity in adolescents are associated with pre-season drowsiness and emotional complaints
Authors: Stevens David , Grant Catharina , Botha Tanita , Vosloo Gerhard , Rossouw Herman , De Jager Philda , Holtzhausen Louis
Published: July 2024

Background: Concussions are an ever present risk for many sports. Underlying emotional disturbances and drowsiness are associated with worse post-concussion symptom scores. Yet, not study has examined associations of both emotional disturbances and drowsiness on concussion severity and symptomology.
Objectives: Examine the associations between baseline sleepiness, emotional complaints, and concussion risk and symptom severity in adolescent athletes.
Methods: A cohort of 626 adolescent athletes underwent baseline/pre-season concussion screening. Those who experienced a physician diagnosed concussion underwent follow up concussion symptomology assessment. Over 90% of players were seen within two weeks of the concussion incident. Linear regression examined for associations between concussion symptom scores and baseline drowsiness and baseline emotional symptoms. Logistic regression examined for association between each symptom and baseline drowsiness and baseline emotional symptoms.
Results: Of the 626 athletes that underwent baseline testing, 292 experienced a concussion. Of those 292 athletes, 174 (59.6%) reported baseline drowsiness and 183 (62.7%) baseline emotional symptoms. Baseline drowsiness and emotional complaints were associated with a 2.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.9 to 3.6) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 2.0 to 3.9) times greater odds of sustaining a concussion respectively. Increased symptomology after concussion was associated with both baseline drowsiness (unstandardised b = 4.6, p < 0.01) and baseline emotional complaints (unstandardised b = 6.0, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Preseason drowsiness and emotional complaints in adolescent athletes are associated with higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes following concussion. Therefore, clinicians and coaches should be aware, and properly screen, for sleep and emotional problems as part of pre-season/baseline health screening.
Difficult Life Situations of Modern Learning Youth
Authors: Нартова-Бочавер Софья , Бардадымов Василий , Ерофеева Виктория , Хачатурова Милана , Хачатрян Нарине
Published: July 2024

The difficult life situations (DLS) of modern learning youth are considered. The young people who are studying represent a special socio-age group that has a specific trajectory of development, called "emerging adulthood". Its specifics is that the development tasks have a different timing, obeying the main goal – the acquisition of a profession through long training. As a result, this group is subject to high stress, is psychologically unstable and needs the support of social and psychological services. The theoretical framework included the ideas of development in emerging adulthood, research of psychological well-being and event-situational approach. Two empirical studies were conducted with participating the college, bachelor's, master's and postgraduate students. The study 1 involved 337 respondents, Mage = 20.9, SDage = 3.0, 243 female. We used open-ended questions concerning the difficulties experienced by students at the university, followed by a structural tabular thematic analysis. The checklist "Difficult life situations of students, DLS-stud" has been compiled, including 49 difficulties. 751 respondents participated in study 2, Mage = 19.0, SDage = 4.3, 613 female. 301 people have moved to study (23 have changed their country), 416 were studying in the same city where they were born. The data clustering method was used to organize the selected difficulties. Eight clusters were identified: Adaptation to the technical conditions of studying, Adaptation to a new stage of studying, Lack of physical and psychological resources, Organization of classes at an educational office, Social conditions of studying, Current life tasks, Adaptation to a new place and Loss and fear of loss. The most frequent and rare difficulties are analyzed, the number and configuration of which vary depending on gender, level of education, and the fact of moving (more for girls, undergraduate students and those who changed their place of residence during their studies). The results obtained can make the work of university psychological services more effective.
From Combining Study and Work to Combining Work and Study? The Changing Model of Russian Higher Education
Authors: Рожкова Ксения , Рощин Сергей , Травкин Павел
Published: July 2024

Combining study and work has become a widespread phenomenon in Russia. According to the national monitoring of graduate employment, about 53% of full-time bachelor and specialist degree holders worked for at least one month during their studies. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of combining study and work and an assessment of their contribution to individual wages and the probability of employment one year after graduation. The results suggest that regular employment during the academic year is more common than temporary employment during the summer break. On average, combining study and work increases the probability of employment one year after graduation by 16-19% and brings a wage premium of 14%. However, there are significant differences in the size of the effect depending on the characteristics of student employment and educational factors. The combination of studying and working in the final years of university has a larger effect on wages and the probability of employment. There are significant cross effects between the fact of combining study and work with fields of study and the degree of university selectivity. The observed effects suggest that a special model of transition from study to work has emerged in Russia, in which professional career entry precedes graduation. Moreover, the results of the study show that there is a strong complementarity between education and combining study with work. Combining study and work does not yield significant returns when the quality of education is low, while success in the labour market is achieved through a combination of different educational factors and not solely work experience.
The Role of Higher Education in the Formation of the Gender Inequality in the Labor Market. A Review of Russian and International Literature
Authors: Кирюшина Маргарита , Рудаков Виктор
Published: July 2024

This paper systematizes theoretical concepts, which explain the role of higher education in the formation of the gender inequality in the labour market as well as empirical studies, which consider the formation of the gender wage inequality in all the stages of the interaction between individual and educational system (enrolment, studying and graduation). Theoretical part considers the impact of education on gender inequality through the lenses of human capital theory, compensating wage differentials, theories of discrimination and segregation, as well as through gender-oriented approach in education. The study also presents current trends in gender inequality in education and labour market in Russia. Additionally, we systematize international experience in policy measures related to smoothing of the gender inequality in education and the labour market and we propose measures which can be applicable for that purpose in Russia.
Extremes of Weather Conditions and Child Health
Authors: Suresh Kishanrao
Published: July 2024

Background: The number of people exposed to extreme heat is growing exponentially due to climate change worldwide. Heat-related mortality for people over 65 years of age and young children has increased by 85% between 2000–2004 and 2017–2021. World Meteorological Organization announced that there’s an 80% chance that the world will exceed the 1.5 °C temperature limit in at least once of the next 5 years. Aim: To review the impact of extremes of climate changes on Children’s health based on cases managed and reported in media. Methods: Material & Methods: This article is a review of the impact of extremes of heat & Cold weather on children, based on personal handling of cases and media reports of the adverse effects of heat this summer, exercising /punishing children in hot and cold weather. Key findings: Most children experience increased thirst, weakness, headache, dizziness or fainting, muscle cramps, nausea and/or vomiting, irritability, prickly heat & heavy sweating. Dehydration in children is more than just being thirsty, as it is a condition where there isn’t enough fluid in the body because children lose more water than they take in. High heat stress also reduces physical work capacity and motor-cognitive performances, with consequences for school attendance for children. The cold weather itself doesn’t cause illness, but it weakens the immune system, making it a lot harder for the child to fight off infections. Conclusion: Temperatures above long-term averages during summer months and heatwaves are associated with cardiorespiratory and other diseases and mental health issues. Very young children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat, irrespective of income level or geographical region. Most heat-related mortality and morbidities are preventable with individual efforts like avoidance of exposure, improved community preparedness, and Public Health Advisory.
Cluster Counting v1
Authors: daniel daniel.dautan , Svenningsson Per
Published: July 2024

Used for counting clusters labeled for pSer129 alpha-synuclein in mouse upper gastrointestinal tract (intestine). Sections should be stained, mounted, and imaged with high resolution (2048 x 2048 scanning).
Tissue Processing v1
Authors: daniel daniel.dautan , Svenningsson Per
Published: July 2024

Protocol for processing mouse tissue for immunohistochemistry.
Synthesis of an Algorithm for Searching a Given Segment in a Data Sequence of Finite Length
Authors: Lutin V. I. ,   Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force ", Desyatirikov F. A. , Belyaev A. S. , Lutina E. V. , Desyatirikova E. N. ,   The Air Force Academy named after Professor Zhukovsky and Yuri Gagarin",   , Voronezh, Russian Federation,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394000, Russian Federation,   Bell Integrator, Moscow, Russian Federation,   JetBrains, Belgrade, Serbia,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Under conditions of an unknown shift of the reference points of a continuous signal and its given fragment, an approach to the synthesis of a fragment search algorithm is proposed. The approach is based on the classical apparatus for testing hypotheses of mathematical statistics. A distinctive feature of the approach is taking into account the noise of the signal and fragment reading, and on this basis, the formalization of the problem of choosing the number of channels for monitoring the signal. Thus, in this work, using a probabilistic-statistical method, we synthesized an algorithm for a two-stage procedure for searching for a given segment in a long data sequence, which consists in determining the most probable position of the desired segment and checking whether the found segment matches the given one. Analytical relations are obtained to assess the quality of detection, which take into account the autocorrelation properties of sequences, and detection characteristics are calculated, which determine the sample size of a given segment and a sufficient number of detector channels to ensure the required quality of detection under given observation conditions. A block diagram of a device for making decisions about the most probable hypothesis and determining the average value and standard deviation of the start time of the desired segment is proposed, which allows taking into account the least favorable conditions for the beginning of the signal countdown, namely, exactly in the middle of the specified fragment.
A new way of finding analogues as an opportunity to study language, thinking and build artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Khomyakov A. B. , Chizhik P.
Published: July 2024

The article presents a new method for obtaining analogues of words, characterized by simplicity and the absence of the need for preliminary training on large data as in existing methods. In the method under study, analogues are determined by their syntactic predicates using methods of distributive semantics. In the study, analogues of adjectives, nouns and verbs were obtained and analyzed. This made it possible to obtain a result that is not inferior to the results obtained using the most popular neural network approach as word2vec when qualitatively comparing analogues. The demonstrated method shows that obtaining analogues is possible using methods of distributive semantics using a more interpretable method, which opens up the possibility of studying semantic analogy. This method also allows you to identify analogues on a specific topic. Based on the experimental results obtained, an original definition of analogues and cognitive schemes is formulated. The article also analyzes and substantiates the possibility of a new approach for creating artificial intelligence systems based on the researched method. According to the authors, this provides significant advantages for the creation of such systems. In particular, the proposed method allows for broader generalizations over orders of magnitude smaller data, as well as learning during use, which is not possible for neural networks.
Do female CEOs handle crisis better? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thornton John , Vasilakis Chrysovalantis
Published: July 2024

We examine whether firm performance in response to the shock of the COVID pandemic differed depending upon whether the CEO was female or male. We find that though female CEOs do not consistently demonstrate better management across all periods, following the shock, firms run by female CEOs were more profitable, more highly valued and more risk averse than firms run by male CEOs.
Analysis of descriptions of therapeutic exercise procedures in the rehabilitation of patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: assessment using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT checklist)
Authors: Gazimiev Arthur M. , Pilipson Zhanna Yu. , Koneva Elizaveta S. , Ilyin Dmitriy O. , Polonskii Vladislav A. , Achkasov Evgeniy E. , Korolev Andrey V.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic exercises are the method of choice for conservative treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome. However, due to poor content reporting of exercise in clinical trials there are limitations in interpretation and replication of these trials’ methods and results. In 2016 the CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template) was developed to address this problem.
AIM: To evaluate the completeness of content reporting of exercise interventions in clinical trials for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome using CERT and implement the principles of CERT into our own practice by describing an original therapeutic exercise protocol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted for scientific articles published from October 2016, that mentioned therapeutic exercises as a treatment method for subacromial impingement syndrome. Then, the CERT was applied to 34 selected publications, the data was analyzed and compared with similar studies. A description of an original therapeutic exercise protocol was conducted in accordance with the principles of CERT.
RESULTS: The mean CERT score was 9,9 (52,17%); median 10; range 4–18; 19 (55,88%) trials had a CERT score of ≥10, while the remaining 15 (44,12%) scored 10. The most poorly reported items were description of instructor qualifications (2), individual or group (3), motivation strategies (6), progression rule (7a), adverse events (11), tailored (how) (14b), starting level rule (15), adherence (planned and actual) (16a, 16b). Only 50% of studies included data on adherence report (5).
CONCLUSION: The description of therapeutic exercises for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome in published trials remains poorly reported. Proper critical analysis of studies using CERT should be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of ongoing research investigating therapeutic gymnastics.
Examining the Applicability of Specific Approaches for Evaluating the Investment Environment in Countries with Transition Economies
Authors: Misztal Piotr , Kulakou Vasili
Published: July 2024

Theoretical background: When making a decision on foreign investments, it is crucial for investors to have a clear understanding of both the potential of the host country and the risks awaiting them. To date, numerous approaches have been developed for assessing the business environment and investment climate (attractiveness) of countries. These developments are based on the research of international organizations, rating agencies, business schools, scientific and research institutions. Among them there are both universal (e.g. Harvard Business School, The Doing Business, Political Risk Services) and specialized (e.g. Methodology of the Bank of Austria, RAEX Analytics) approaches. The abundance and diversity of methodologies have generated numerous studies aimed at their classification and comparative analysis. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative assessment of selected specialized methodologies for evaluating the investment attractiveness of countries and classify them according to the Applicability Matrix. Research methods: The authors reviewed the literature in the field of investment theory and investment climate assessment, as well as materials containing a direct description of the methodologies for assessing investment climate themselves, algorithms for their application and the results of previous evaluations. The application of the system critical analysis method allowed for a comprehensive examination of the selected approaches and determination of their key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The research procedure also necessitated the utilization of expert assessment method to conduct a weighted comparative analysis of the applicability of the methodologies. Main findings: Within the study, the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of the selected specialized methodologies for evaluating investment attractiveness were identified regarding to two key dimensions: information coverage and complexity. The main results include a comparative evaluation of the practical applicability of selected methodologies for assessing the investment climate, as well as their classification into groups with relevant qualitative characteristics according to Applicability Matrix.
The Dichotomous Nature of Silver in the 21st Century
Authors: Złoty Marcin , Tasarz Przemysław , Śniarowski Bartłomiej
Published: July 2024

Theoretical background: Silver has a great importance in the real economy, i.e. in photography, medicine, electrical, electronic and chemical industry. The growing importance of renewable energy sources and the development of solar panels, accumulators and batteries means that the role of silver is significantly strengthened. At the same time, it is also used as an investment asset providing variety in portfolios, on numerous occasions being a cheaper substitute for gold. Researchers are studying connections between those two resources and providing different perspectives on their future based on real economy and the financial market. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to assess the current role of silver in the economy and answer the question of its investment prospective. Research methods: The research methods include elements of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s linear correlation between the prices of silver, gold and copper of the EUR/USD exchange rate and the Dollar Index. The research period is from 2000 to 2023. The analyzed data are daily. A measure of the amount of money in circulation in the United States is the M2 index, which includes cash in circulation and deposits. The inflation will be shown by the Consumer Price Index. The research method is also critical analysis of the subject literature. Main findings: We found that the change in the price of silver is strongly dependent on the USD, and specifically on its supply. A significant increase in the price of silver in the analysed period is related to the ongoing process of quantitative easing and financialization, understood as a growing volume of futures contracts. The occurrence of silver and copper in nature makes them dependent on each other, not only in determining prices, but also currently constitutes a barometer of industrial development. Thanks to the growing demand from industry, shortages of silver can result in serious consequences for production, for which reason they may decide to aggressively improve metal recycling efficiency or hoarding supply, which might push prices further up. However, investment use will not disappear due to its anti-inflation characteristics and may cause an increase in demand among investors who see gold as too expensive.
Exploring Cashew Nuts Consumption in Poland. Prospects for Tanzania
Authors: Kowalska Aleksandra , Emvalomatis Gregory , Salim Ashura
Published: July 2024

Theoretical background: Consumers often rely on the perceived country-of-origin image as an indication of food safety and quality. The consumption of cashew nuts in Poland and other European countries has increased strongly in recent years due to socio-economic factors influencing consumers’ dietary behaviour. This is a chance for Tanzania – a key global producer and exporter of cashew nut kernels – to increase its revenues from the agri-food sector. Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to explore cashew nuts consumption in Poland and consumer perceptions regarding nuts of African origin. Research methods: Empirical research was conducted using a web-based survey questionnaire among consumers originated from Europe, Africa and other continents, and residing in Poland (n = 244). The ordered Probit model was used to examine the impact of socioeconomic/demographic characteristics on the perception of quality/safety of nuts produced in Africa. Main findings: Most respondents recognize the health benefits of nuts. The vast majority of consumers surveyed perceive the quality and safety of nuts of African origin as average or above average. These products are rated more highly in terms of quality by representatives of Generation Z compared to Millennials which represents a potential for development of the market. High prices prevent every other consumer surveyed from buying cashew nuts. The development of cashew nut processing in Africa could contribute to the decrease in the prices in the importing countries and to further sustainable economic growth in producer countries, including Tanzania. If consumers in developed-countries appreciate the health benefits of cashew nuts and trust the quality and safety of nuts produced in Africa, efforts should be made to speed commodity-based industrialization in cashew-growing countries.
The Role of Knowledge-Based Resources in Building Organizational Flexibility
Authors: Lemańska-Majdzik Anna , Okręglicka Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

Theoretical background: Contemporary conditions for managing organizations are particularly difficult due to the variety of changes taking place in the environment, which is why they require the search for behaviors appropriately adapted to existing market conditions. The resources held by companies may not be sufficient in highly competitive markets. At this point, there is a need to look for adaptive behaviors that can be expressed through the imperative of organizational flexibility. The dynamic capabilities of enterprises are reflected in the dimensions of organizational flexibility, which have various conditions related to, among others, company resources. Organizational flexibility results from, among other things, opportunities, abilities, skills and practices that allow us to anticipate future market changes. These capabilities, in turn, depend on organizational resources, including knowledge-based resources that enable organizations to act strategically and tactically. The appropriate level of knowledge-based resources allows you to achieve the appropriate level of flexibility necessary in a difficult and turbulent environment. It is therefore important to present recommendations that will help achieve this state of affairs on the market. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identification the level of knowledge-based resources in enterprises and their impact on the organizational flexibility. Research methods: The analysis and conclusions are based on the results of research on a group of Polish enterprises. The study used an original survey questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. In order to verify the validity of the research and the constructed research tool, its reliability was tested using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The level of variables was identified using descriptive statistics, while the linear relationship between variables was examined using Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient. Main findings: The research results indicated that the level of knowledge-based resources positively correlates with the level of organizational flexibility of Polish enterprises, and there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge-based resources and individual dimensions of flexibility, including operational, financial, structural, and technological flexibility. The positive relationship between the variables also indicates the synergy effect, which allows for a higher level of organizational flexibility overall than in individual dimensions of the enterprise. The conclusions from the analysis made it possible to designate recommendations in the area of activities for building organizational flexibility, which is currently a necessary condition for the functioning of enterprises.