bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and acceptability of different lifestyle interventions for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Shangguan Fuliang , Liu Hui , Guo Yu , Yu Juping , Liang Yinni , Yu Huixi , Su Yinhua , Li Zhongyu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience various metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and psychosocial manifestations. Lifestyle modification is crucial for the management of PCOS to reduce long-term complications. Nonetheless, the efficacy and acceptability of lifestyle interventions differs, and there are no uniform methods of clinical application. Hence, a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) are needed to explore the efficacy and acceptability of lifestyle interventions to inform clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

Ten databases (Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Specialised Register, Cochrane Register of Studies Online, PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), PsycINFO, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, and Sinomed) and four clinical trial registry platforms will be searched to identify literature published in English or Chinese reporting results of randomised clinical trials conducted to evaluate the effects of lifestyle interventions for women with PCOS. The reference lists of the included studies will be manually searched. Primary outcomes will include biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism, recruitment and retention rates. Secondary outcomes will encompass menstrual regularity, ovulation, anthropometry and quality of life. Literature selection and extraction of data will be performed independently by at least two researchers. An NMA random-effects model will be implemented for amalgamating evidence. All treatments will be ranked based on the value of p. OpenBUGS will be used for Bayesian modelling, with output verifications generated in Stata and R. The quality of evidence supporting network estimates of major outcomes will also be appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this review as no data will be collected from human participants. Results will be presented in a peer-reviewed publication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024499819
Effect of diet on the management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults from low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Tarazona-Meza Carla , Garcia Larsen Vanessa , Matsuzaki Mika , Checkley William
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two highly prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide, both leading to disability and premature mortality in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutritional interventions towards a healthier dietary pattern or food and nutrients intake have an important role on the management of this disease. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of nutritional interventions on the management of blood pressure and glycaemia in adults with hypertension and T2DM from LMICs.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of nutritional interventions on blood pressure and glycaemia in adult patients with hypertension and T2DM. Literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science databases from anytime until April 2024. Nutritional interventions would have been applied in addition to regular or standard treatment, which is prescribed and/or provided by the healthcare system. Studies in English and Spanish will be selected and reviewed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane tool for RCTs. Heterogeneity and publication bias will be estimated using the I2and Egger’s test, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was not required for this systematic review, considering there was no direct data collection or participation of patients. The investigators will write a manuscript of the final detailed report with the study development and main findings to be published in a peer- reviewed journal. The main findings may be shared with academia partners and groups working on similar topics in LMICs, in addition to policymakers and authorities in these countries.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023483847.
Resource allocation efficiency in 68 county-level traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China: a data envelopment analysis
Authors: Xiao Xiaoyue , Shen Keyi , Zheng Xinyue , Wu Dan , Pei Tong , Lin Xin-hao , Meng Xuehui
Published: October 2024

Objective

Analysing and evaluating how efficiently health resources are allocated to county-level Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospitals in Zhejiang Province, this study aims to provide empirical evidence for improving operational efficiency and optimising resource allocation in these hospitals.

Design and setting

The study employed a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess efficiency, using data from 68 county-level TCM hospitals. Four input and five output variables related to TCM services were selected for the analysis.

Results

The first-stage DEA results indicated that in 2022, the technical efficiency (TE) of TCM hospitals in Zhejiang Province was 0.788, the pure technical efficiency (PTE) was 0.876 and the scale efficiency (SE) was 0.903. The classification of hospitals into four groups based on the bed size showed statistically significant differences in returns to scale (p<0.001). The Stochastic Frontier Analysis regression results were significant at the 1% level across four regressions, showing that environmental variables such as per capita GDP, population density and the number of hospitals impacted efficiency. In the third stage DEA, after adjusting the input variables, the TE, PTE and SE improved to 0.809, 0.833 and 0.917, respectively. The adjusted mean TE rankings by region were West (0.860) > East (0.844) > South (0.805) > North (0.796) > Central (0.731).

Conclusion

There is an imbalance between the inputs and outputs of county-level TCM hospitals. Each region must consider factors such as the local economy, population and medical service levels, along with the specific development characteristics of hospitals, to reasonably determine the scale of county-level TCM hospital construction. Emphasis should be placed on improving hospital management and technical capabilities, coordinating regional development, promoting the rational allocation and efficient use of TCM resources and enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation in county-level TCM hospitals.
Interactive hygiene training using free open source software
Authors: Eisenmann Michael , Rauschenberger Vera , Maschmann Jens , König Sarah , Krone Manuel
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Regular hygiene trainings are an important way to refresh and improve knowledge about hygiene measures and the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. We aimed to develop an e-learning course to allow healthcare workers (HCWs) to learn these contents through a self-paced online format.

Methods

We developed an interactive hygiene training for HCWs of a tertiary care hospital using different content types of the HTML-5 package (H5P) plugin embedded into a Moodle-based learning management system. We evaluated the course using a short online questionnaire.

Results

We present various suitable topics for online hygiene trainings as well as their implementation in an e-learning course. Examples include content on hand hygiene indications and techniques, information on multidrug-resistant organisms and other current topics in infection control. HCWs reported high overall satisfaction, perceived increase in knowledge, practical relevance as well as good usability and comprehensibility.

Discussion

Currently available commercial and non-commercial hygiene trainings present a number of specific advantages but also drawbacks. The presented approach combines the advantages of both approaches. The majority of the presented content can be readily adapted to suit various hospitals and care facilities or serve as inspiration for creating similar courses while remaining cost-effective.

Conclusion

H5P course presentations are a low-threshold, cost-effective way to implement digital hygiene trainings in a wide variety of clinical settings.
Current sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: a 5-year update
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Ruidong , Huang Yanhui , Wang Lu , Zhang Mazhong , Zheng Jijian
Published: October 2024

Background

Sedation techniques can ease anxiety during medical procedures for children. Our previous report on Chinese sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in 2018 is outdated due to the rapid development of sedation services. This study provides an updated report on sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in China.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were sent to tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals nationwide through the WeChat Mini Program. The survey questioned the location and caseloads of hospitals providing sedation services, support facilities, contraindications, fasting practices, sedation regimens, monitoring practices, staff structure, certification requirements for sedation providers and quality control data.

Results

Procedural sedation for non-invasive procedures were provided in 88 of 114 hospitals. These hospitals are located across the country except Heilongjiang province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Compared with previous reports, significant increases were found in the number of hospitals providing sedation services, dedicated sedation rooms and recovery rooms and full-time sedation providers. Most hospitals advocated the 2-4-6 rule for pre-sedation fasting. Dexmedetomidine was the most used first-choice sedative. Anaesthesiologists remain the primary sedation providers, but nurses are also important. The most mentioned qualification requirements for sedation providers were a professional title of attending doctor, ≥5 years of working experience in paediatric anaesthesia and paediatric advanced life support certification. Sedation service records were used in 83 hospitals, but only 42 and 39 recorded success rates and adverse events, respectively.

Conclusions

Sedation services for non-invasive procedures are available in most areas of China. More hospitals now provide sedation services and full-time sedation providers. Supporting facilities and sedation regimens have improved. Non-anaesthesiologist sedation providers are important at current stage, developing training programmes for them may be necessary. Attention should be focused on quality control and improvement of sedation services.
Antibiotic prescribing practices according to the AWaRe classification among children under 5 of age attending public primary care centres in four West African countries: a cross-sectional study (AIRE project, 2021–2022)
Authors: Gres Emelyne , Diallo Ibrahima Sory , Besnier Cédric , Diakité Abdoul Aziz , Zair Zineb , Ouédraogo Yugbaré Solange , Hedible Gildas Boris , Sawadogo Abdoul Guaniyi , Kargougou Désiré , Kolié Jacques Séraphin , Meda Bertrand , Busière Sandrine , Lamontagne Franck , Ridde Valéry , Leroy Valeriane
Published: October 2024

Objective

To describe antibiotic prescribing practices using the WHO AWaRe (Access,Watch,Reserve) classification in West African children under 5 years of age attending public primary health centres (PHCs).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The AIRE project implemented the systematic use of pulse oximetry into integrated management of childhood illness consultations in West African countries (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger). We described antibiotic prescriptions for outpatient children at 16 PHCs and for severe cases referred at district hospitals.

Patients

Between 14 June 2021 and 19 June 2022, 15 854 outpatients were included: 968 neonates and young infants (0–28 days) and 14 886 children (2–59 months). Among them, 78 (8.1%) neonates and young infants and 385 (2.6%) children were hospitalised. We evaluated 58 hospitalised neonates and young infants and 275 hospitalised children, respectively.

Main outcome measures

Frequency of antibiotic prescriptions according to the AWaRe classification recommended by WHO.

Results

At the PHC level, proportions of neonates and young infants with ≥1 antibiotic prescription were 83%, 62%, 71% and 59% in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger, respectively. A total of 805 antibiotics were prescribed (85%Accessand 13%Watch). The proportions of children with ≥1 antibiotic prescription reached 71%, 66%, 63% and 36% in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger, respectively. Out of the 9630 antibiotics prescribed, 93% wereAccess(mainly amoxicillin), and 7%Watch. At the hospital level,Watchantibiotics were mainly prescribed for severe cases referred. NoReserveantibiotics were prescribed.

Conclusions

High proportions of antibiotics were prescribed to outpatient children included, the appropriateness of which needs further study. Nevertheless, in every country, the proportion prescribed in theAccessgroup reached the minimum threshold of 60% of all antibiotic prescriptions, as recommended by WHO.

Trial registration number

PACTR202206525204526.
Characterization of the cardiac cycle in Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets
Authors: Singh Jyotpal , Carleton R. Nicholas , Kratzig Gregory P. , Neary J. Patrick
Published: October 2024

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cadets experience high volumes of potentially psychologically traumatic events, suggesting a need of normal cardiac cycle interval data on the cadets for comparison. We characterize the cardiac cycle of incoming RCMP cadets starting the 26-week training program. The cadets collected their cardiac data using the LLA Recordis™ device. Male RCMP cadets had higher ( p < 0.05) myocardial and diastolic performance indices, aortic valve open to aortic twist time, and isovolumic relaxation time than female RCMP cadets. Monitoring the cardiac cycle intervals in RCMP cadets can provide insights into changes in their heart function from their occupational demands.
A Cloud Detection Network Based on Adaptive Laplacian Coordination Enhanced Cross-Feature U-Net
Authors: Wang Kaizheng , Zhou Ruohan , Wang Jian , Neri Ferrante , Fu Yitong , Zhou Shunzhen
Published: October 2024

Cloud cover experiences rapid fluctuations, significantly impacting the irradiance reaching the ground and causing frequent variations in photovoltaic power output. Accurate detection of thin and fragmented clouds is crucial for reliable photovoltaic power generation forecasting. In this paper, we introduce a novel cloud detection method, termed Adaptive Laplacian Coordination Enhanced Cross-Feature U-Net (ALCU-Net). This method augments the traditional U-Net architecture with three innovative components: an Adaptive Feature Coordination (AFC) module, an Adaptive Laplacian Cross-Feature U-Net with a Multi-Grained Laplacian-Enhanced (MLE) feature module, and a Criss-Cross Feature Fused Detection (CCFE) module. The AFC module enhances spatial coherence and bridges semantic gaps across multi-channel images. The Adaptive Laplacian Cross-Feature U-Net integrates features from adjacent hierarchical levels, using the MLE module to refine cloud characteristics and edge details over time. The CCFE module, embedded in the U-Net decoder, leverages criss-cross features to improve detection accuracy. Experimental evaluations show that ALCU-Net consistently outperforms existing cloud detection methods, demonstrating superior accuracy in identifying both thick and thin clouds and in mapping fragmented cloud patches across various environments, including oceans, polar regions, and complex ocean-land mixtures.
Highlights of recent BESIII results
Authors: Prasad Vindhyawasini
Published: October 2024

This report highlights the recent BESIII results related to the measurement of the R value, radiative decays of [Formula: see text] and the polarization of [Formula: see text] decay. BESIII, a symmetric electron-positron collider experiment, has collected a large data sample at several energy points in the tau-charm region, including the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] resonances. Based on the data samples collected at 14 center-of-mass energy ([Formula: see text]) points between 2.2323 and 3.671[Formula: see text]GeV, BESIII has achieved a measurement of the R value with an accuracy down to the level of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV. BESIII has also observed the [Formula: see text] resonance in radiative [Formula: see text] decay and the polarization of [Formula: see text] for the first time. The polarization of [Formula: see text] saturates with completely transverse polarization, which is inconsistent with the existing theoretical models. These results are useful in testing the predictions of the Standard Model.
Nonlinear wave dynamics in ferromagnetic media: A study with the Kuralay-IIA equation
Authors: Alessa Nazek , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib , Rehman Hamood Ur , Noreen Sidra
Published: October 2024

In this research, we delve into the exploration of the Kuralay-IIA equation by employing two power full approaches, namely extended hyperbolic function method (EHFM) and the improved modified Sardar-subequation method (IMSSEM). Applications of the Kuralay-IIA equation can be observed in a variety of physical phenomena, particularly in optical fibers, magnetic materials, and nonlinear optics. This equation performs an essential part in understanding gas behavior. Specifically, it offers an image of the relationship between volume, temperature and pressure in a gas system. We proceed through the matter in detail through the use of space curves which demonstrate integrable motion. Using the proposed techniques, our investigation provides an extensive variety of soliton solutions, such as periodic, dark–bright, bright, dark, solitary, and some other solutions. These solutions are in good alignment with previous study findings in this area. Analytical wave solutions are vital as they provide a basic comprehension of the physics or mathematics at play and establish a framework for further studies. The findings obtained from this study may help design models to come. The techniques used in this study are very effective, straightforward, and capable of handling more nonlinear models with high reliability. We use the Mathematica software to validate the accuracy and reliability of our results. Using carefully constructed 2D and 3D graphs generated, the resulting solutions are visually shown.
A New Class of Circulant Chaotic Systems with Unidirectional or Mutual Coupling: Theoretical Investigation and Arduino-Based Electronic Implementation
Authors: Sidharthan Senthilkumar , Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Kengne Jacques , Karthikeyan Anitha , Chedjou Jean Chamberlain
Published: October 2024

The study of chaotic systems with special properties addresses one of the ongoing research topics. In this paper, we introduce a new class of third-order chaotic systems possessing a cyclic symmetry obeying unidirectional or mutual coupling. These new models are built by considering nonlinearities with three, four, or five segments and are distinguished from each other by the topological structure of the associated chaotic attractor. The projection of the novel chaotic attractors on certain planes reveals their multiscroll or multiwing character. For illustration, one of these models is studied in detail using analytical and numerical methods. The mechanism giving rise to the establishment of the chaotic regime starting from the state of equilibrium under the variation of a parameter is described using bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, basins of attraction as well as the maximum Lyapunov exponent. Several zones of parameters are identified where the model experiences two or more attractors (i.e. multistability). In order to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed circulant models, a series of experimental measurements are carried out using a physical implementation with an Arduino microcontroller.
Neutrinos of magnetorotational supernovae
Authors: Kondratyev V. N.
Published: October 2024

The neutrino dynamics in hot and dense magnetized matter corresponding to a supernova explosion is considered. It is shown that accounting for fluctuations during interaction of neutrinos with matter leads to the Fokker–Planck equation for the dynamics of the phase space distribution function. The addition to the energy transfer component of the kinetic equation is determined by straggling in neutrino collisions with a magnetized nucleon gas caused by the neutral current Gamow–Teller interaction. When accounting for the effect of fluctuations, the switching of acceleration and stopping regimes in neutrino evolution is evident for average energy. The effect of fluctuations leads to an additional increase in the hardness of the neutrino spectra. It is shown that the high-energy component of the electron antineutrino flux is enhanced in addition due to the effect of neutrino oscillations. Such a strengthening of the spectrum hardness is especially noticeable in the case of the inverted mass ordering and makes the signal more registrable by ground-based detectors. The possibilities of detecting supernova neutrinos by KM3NeT and Baikal-GVD observatories are discussed. The sensitivity of counting rate to the mass ordering is demonstrated to increase at growing difference in the hardness of energy spectra for various flavors.
Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of nickel molybdate carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Li Baochang , Sun Mingze , Yao Gang , Bo Tian
Published: October 2024

The nickel molybdate carbon nanotube composites [Formula: see text] were synthesized by solution blending method. The [Formula: see text] were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The [Formula: see text] organic glasses were obtained by dispersing [Formula: see text] in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymerizing in a water bath at [Formula: see text] for 1[Formula: see text]h. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were measured via [Formula: see text]-scan technique. By testing we obtained that [Formula: see text] has a reverse saturation absorption (RSA) effect and optical limiting (OL) performance. In addition, the RSA effect is enhanced compared to other similar materials. The OL threshold [Formula: see text] and the normalized transmittance clamping value [Formula: see text] are calculated and fitted to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Consequently, [Formula: see text] have significant research value in the direction of extending new materials for laser protection.
Theoretical Derivation and Seismic Design Method on Self-Centering Piers with ED Members Validated Using Numerical Simulations and Quasi-Static Tests
Authors: Bao Yangyang , Xie Wen , Jin Chongjie , Hong Yangfan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the theoretical equations for computing the critical performance parameters of self-centering piers with and without energy-dissipating (ED) members. A structural fuses-based design method was proposed for developing self-centering piers with ED members, and two scale models of the self-centering piers with and without ED members were designed and constructed. The quasi-static tests and numerical simulations were conducted to verify the rationality of the theoretical derivation, the proposed design method, and the advantages of ED members on the seismic performance of the self-centering piers. The findings indicate that ED members undergo plastic deformation and dissipate energy before the ED bars yield, meeting the structural fuse concept. The theoretical performance parameters of specimens SCP and SCP-EDM matched well with the experimental and numerical results, such as the yield displacement, stiffness, and strength. Also, the ED members remarkably increase the strength, stiffness, and ED levels of self-centering piers.
Accurate Nonlinear Bending Analytical Solutions Setting New Benchmarks for Rectangular Thin Plates with Four Clamped Edges
Authors: Zhang Da-Guang
Published: October 2024

The von Kármán plate equations have been challenging to solve accurately, especially for two-dimensional problems. This paper presents more accurate nonlinear analytical solutions for rectangular thin plates with four clamped edges, providing a new benchmark beyond Lévy’s solutions. The main features of the present method are that the deflection is expanded by the double series of the classical beam eigenfunctions, the Airy stress function satisfying the geometric deformation compatibility equation corresponds to the nonlinear coupling relationships between the plate deflection and the in-plane force and/or displacement boundary conditions. These solutions can verify existing nonlinear numerical and approximate analytical solutions, offering a robust basis for engineering design. The central deflection error is less than 0.01%, and the central stress error is below 0.6%, exceeding the accuracy of the existing literature.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION — PROFITABILITY NEXUS IN SERVICE FIRMS: AN OUTLOOK OF A SMALL SERVICE ECONOMY
Authors: ADEWUMI O.M.
Published: October 2024

Research suggests that while firms may make substantial investments in innovation to increase returns, they can still encounter unpredictable results that lead to financial setbacks. As the reason for this perception fuels an ongoing investigation, this research contributes to the discussion for improved understanding. Specifically, it investigates 1,847 Norwegian service firms using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) system estimators of dynamic panel data models. Its empirical findings indicate that innovation has an immediate and strong positive impact on profitability. Moreover, innovation impacts service firms with a negative short-term lag profit effect and a positive profit effect in the medium term. However, the medium-term positive impact of innovation on profitability is lower in magnitude than the immediate term. Suggesting that the lasting profit effects induced by innovation may be constrained, and continuous innovation management is essential to sustaining these benefits over time. Additionally, the analysis reveals a positive correlation between past and current profitability values. Suggesting an interesting dynamic: financial gains can act as a catalyst for further innovation.
L-function of CM elliptic curves and generalized hypergeometric functions
Authors: Nemoto Yusuke
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we express special values of the [Formula: see text]-functions of certain CM elliptic curves which are related to Fermat curves in terms of the special values of generalized hypergeometric functions by comparing Bloch’s element with Ross’s element in the motivic cohomology group.
Advances in CuO Nanostructure-Based Glucose Biosensors: From Enzymes to Direct Oxidation
Authors: Ahmed Ayman M. , Haider Adawiya J. , Nafil Rabea Q. , Alnayli Raad Shaker , Taha Bakr Ahmed , Arsad Norhana
Published: October 2024

Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures have gained popularity in glucose biosensor development due to their excellent electrochemical properties, affordability and ease of fabrication. This review examines the progress of glucose biosensors based on CuO nanostructures and shows differences between enzyme-based and enzyme-dependent systems. Enzyme-based glucose oxidase sensors offer high specificity but are hampered by difficulties associated with enzyme stability at different temperatures, pH and interfering inhibitors. Unlike nonenzyme-based sensors, those using glucose oxidation directly offer high sensitivity and long working life but are struggling with specificity. The main drivers of these sensors are nanostructure morphology, synthesis techniques, surface modifications and electrode materials. The switch from more conventional CuO to sophisticated nanostructures significantly improved the sensitivity and durability of the sensor. This research focuses on optimizing these variables to address existing limitations and to advance CuO nanostructures as leads for next-generation glucose biosensing technologies.
Sensitive One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Refractometric Temperature Sensor with Central Superconducting Layer
Authors: R Rohan , K Venkadeshwaran , Gowda Ranjith B
Published: October 2024

This work proposes a sensitive low-temperature sensor based on the refractive index (RI) method. It uses a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) structure. The proposed sensor design consists of a bilayer stack of dielectric and superconductor materials. YaBa2Cu3O7 is the superconductor utilized in this case, and we consider air to be the dielectric material. The RI of air doesn’t change much with the temperature, especially compared to the superconductor material. YaBa2Cu3O7 is a superconductor that is ideal for temperature sensing applications because of its temperature-dependent RI. The sensing temperature range for the proposed sensor is 35–70[Formula: see text]K. The crucial structural factors have been precisely adjusted to increase sensing performance. Based on our knowledge, this is done to increase the sensor’s efficiency to levels that are higher than anything previously reported in the literature. Results show that the designed structure achieves an impressive RI sensitivity of 821.53[Formula: see text]nm/RIU and a temperature sensitivity of 3[Formula: see text]nm/K. This sensor could be very useful for medical applications for the detection of low temperatures.
Are Water Indices Cointegrated with the World Water Markets? Evidence Based on an ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Reza Rajibur , Tularam Gurudeo Anand , Li Bin
Published: October 2024

Since the global privatization of the water sector, water investment opportunities have become much more sought after. This study investigates the link between four water indices (S-Network Global Water Index, World Water Index, S&P Global Water Index and MSCI ACWI Water Utilities Index) and four water markets (Asia, Europe, Latin America and the US), using daily data for the period January 2004 to October 2022. Utilizing the Johansen test for cointegration during the pre-Global Financial Crisis (GFC), GFC, post-GFC, COVID-19 and full-sample periods, we find the existence of cointegrating vectors in the different periods. The Granger causality approach within a cointegration framework also allows us to assess the dynamic linkages between the stock price indices of the four water indices and the four water markets. To further confirm the empirical results in the cointegration framework, we employ the autoregressive distributed lag-based bounds approach for a robustness check. The testing results confirm the presence of cointegration in different (pre-GFC, GFC, post-GFC, COVID-19 and full-sample) periods. The analysis of the different periods allows us to better understand the relationship between global water indices and world water markets, which has important implications for investments (such as portfolio diversification) in the global water sector.
Logistics Network Features Supporting Coordination by 3PL
Authors: Kmiecik Mariusz
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of logistics networks that facilitate effective coordination by third-party logistics (3PL) enterprises. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review to bridge the existing research gap, this study meticulously examined the relationships between specific keywords within the SCOPUS database through the use of the VOSviewer tool. This preliminary investigation revealed theoretical deficiencies regarding the operations of 3PL enterprises and the concepts of network and logistic coordination, prompting a detailed empirical analysis of 69 networks where 3PL logistics operators were engaged. This analysis was informed by quantitative data collected from these networks, alongside insights from interviews with experts who assessed the performance of the logistics operators and their clients. The research highlighted particular network attributes, derived from logistic coordination mechanisms, that strongly correlate with the sophisticated use of such mechanisms by operators. One significant limitation of this research was its narrow focus on correlation and the examination of traditional network coordination mechanisms. Nevertheless, the outcomes of this study offer valuable insights for both scholars, aiming to refine the theoretical underpinnings of logistic and network coordination and practitioners within the logistics sector. These findings enhance our comprehension of the dynamics influencing logistic coordination’s effectiveness across diverse settings and elucidate the logistics network characteristics that promote successful collaboration among network members and throughout the supply chain.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Pollutants based on Electrochemical Oxidation by Nanoporous Gold
Authors: Shi Quanhao , Liu Ruijun , Huang Zihan , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Xia , Yan Xiuling
Published: October 2024

Phenolic compounds, as highly toxic pollutants, can cause great harm to human beings and the environment even at very low concentrations. Therefore, the simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic pollutants is critically valuable for environmental monitoring. Here, an electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by nanoporous gold (NPG) was successfully developed for the determination of phenolic pollutants including phenol (Ph), hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CT), and o-nitrophenol (ONP), which realized not only the sensitive individual detection of each phenolic pollutant but also the sensitive simultaneous detection of these four phenolic pollutants. For the simultaneous detection, the limits of detection of Ph, HQ, CT, and ONP were 0.85, 0.17, 0.19, and 1.30 μM as well as the sensitivities of 0.24, 1.17, 1.08, and 0.16 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. Additionally, the NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor exhibited good stability and anti-interference capability. The recovery rates of Ph, HQ, CT, and ONP in seawater samples and wastewater samples ranged from 94.64% to 105.87%. These results indicated that the prepared NPG/GCE electrochemical sensor may be an ideal choice for the reliable simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic pollutants.
Tooth Sensitivity Following Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching With and Without Ozone: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bin Hassan Saeed Awod
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of this investigation was to assess bleaching sensitivity following bleaching using either 38% H2O2 only or 38% H2O2 followed by ozone application.

Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical investigation, 80 participants (40 females and 40 males) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 40 each; 20 females and 20 males). The upper anterior teeth were bleached by 38% H2O2 for 20 min followed by ozone application for 60 s (healOzone X4, KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany) in Group 1 (test group). Meanwhile, the bleaching protocol in Group 2 (controls) included the application of just 38% H2O2 for 20 min. Tooth sensitivity before and after bleaching was reported by the participants using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Significant statistical outcomes were identified at p < 0.05.

Results: Bleaching sensitivity was reported following both tested bleaching protocols (p < 0.001). However, less bleaching sensitivity was reported when ozone was applied for 60 s after bleaching with 38% H2O2 (p < 0.001). Female participants reported more bleaching sensitivity regardless the applied bleaching protocol (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Bleaching protocols with 38% hydrogen peroxide were associated with less bleaching sensitivity when followed by ozone application on the teeth.
“Get High With a Conscience”: Information and Communication Technologies and Sexualized Drug Use Among Gay Men in Mexico
Authors: Mendoza-Pérez Juan Carlos , López-Barrientos Héctor Alexis , Brooks Ashley Scott
Published: October 2024

The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has gained relevance since they are a tool for socialization around substance use and sex through the formation of social networks of gay men (GM). This study investigated how and why substance use is related to the use of ICT in GM. Moreover, what social and cultural dynamics characterize the use of ICTs concerning sexualized drug use in Mexican GM? In May 2022, focus groups were held in which 19 GM from Mexico participated. Different types of ICTs used by GM were identified as playing a role in online interactions around substance use and chemsex. It was found that specific platforms, such as mobile geolocation applications, favored access to sexual practices and drugs. In addition, online sexual subcultures destigmatized substance use and non‐normative sexual practices and reinforced social ties, offering caring information about sexualized drug use practices among GM. The findings contribute to understanding the health of GM from a contemporary digital context.
TH‐302: A Highly Selective Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug for Treating PARP Inhibitor–Resistant Cancers
Authors: Cheng Xiaobo , Xu Jing , Meng Fanying , Qi Tianyang , Wang Xiaotong , Chai Ranran , Lu Chong , Jin Guanqin , Zheng Kewei , Liu Xing , Wang Yizhi , Cai Xiaohong , Lu Zhaoqiang , Yu Jibing , Ruan Meizhen , Fan Jinwei , Qin Wei , Huang Qunhui , Zhang Yanjun , Li Anrong , Duan Jianxin , Kang Yu
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor has been widely used in ovarian cancer patients carrying BRCA mutations. However, resistance to PARP inhibitor is present in some patients, and no effective treatment is available for these patients. TH‐302 is a hypoxia‐activated prodrug, which releases the bis‐DNA alkylator bromo‐isophosphoramide mustard (Br‐IPM) under hypoxic condition. The present study aims to determine whether TH‐302 is effective in treating PARP inhibitor resistance.

Methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity of TH‐302 was assessed by short‐term proliferation assay (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50) or long‐term clonogenic assay (90% inhibitory concentration, IC90) under various oxygen concentrations. In vivo efficacy of TH‐302 was assessed in PARP inhibitor resistance, partially responsive and sensitive patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) or cell line–derived xenograft (CDX) models. Antitumor activity via homologous recombination (HR) pathway for TH‐302 was evaluated using DLD1 BRCA2 knockout cell line and BRCA/RAD51D deleterious mutant PDX/CDX models. Breaks of double‐strand DNA and hypoxia fraction in tumors were determined by gamma histone 2AX (γH2AX) and pimonidazole immunohistochemistry in H460 CDX model following treatment.

Results: Cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced under hypoxia in 12 human cancer cell lines including four ovarian cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was 70 times higher in human colon cancer cell line with BRCA2 knock out compared to wild type under hypoxia following TH‐302 treatment. γH2AX staining revealed that the cytotoxicity of TH‐302 was associated with DNA damage. In addition, administration of TH‐302 with olaparib led to better antitumor activities than either single drug/prodrug in olaparib‐resistant PDX models.

Conclusion: TH‐302 exhibits hypoxia‐dependent cytotoxicity across a wide range of human cancer cell lines, and may be a drug candidate to treat ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and pancreatic cancer with HR deficiencies with or without resistance to PARP inhibitor. TH‐302 may be effective in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) or in EOC patients resistant to PARP inhibitors.
Nonstandard Computational and Bifurcation Analysis of the Rabies Epidemic Model
Authors: F. Alfwzan Wafa , Raza Ali , Ahmed Nauman , Elsonbaty Amr , Rafiq Muhammad , Adel Waleed
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to investigate some new dynamics of a new model describing the rabies virus dynamics, taking into account the effect of proper vaccination. The model’s population is divided into three main compartments, namely, susceptible S(t), infected I(t), and recovered R(t) individuals. The model is formulated and then the equilibrium points of the model are found. The local and global stabilities of equilibrium points of the proposed model are investigated where conditions of stability are attained in terms of key parameters in the model. Bifurcation analysis is performed for the possible occurrence of codimension‐one bifurcations in the model. In addition, bifurcation surfaces are plotted in the space of parameters in the model. For the numerical verification, a nonstandard finite difference method is adapted for solving the model and the accurate results of numerical simulations are depicted to reveal the dynamics of the model. The method provides realistic data for the model and these data can be used to predict the spread of the virus and to provide insight into proper procedures and control measures that can be taken.
Efficacy of High‐Volume Low‐Concentration Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Irrigation for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Panwar Swati , Arya Mona , Dali J. S. , Chaudhary Kapil , Neogi Sushanto
Published: October 2024

Background: Intraperitoneal irrigation with a low‐volume, high‐concentration local anaesthetic in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) provides less pain relief. We investigated the impact of high‐volume, low‐concentration bupivacaine on postoperative pain and opioid requirement.

Methods: Patients undergoing LC were randomised into Group B (20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine in 480 mL normal saline) or Group S (500 mL of normal saline). Fifteen patients were included in both the groups but one patient was excluded from Group S because of bile duct injury. The primary outcome was Duration of Analgesia (DOA). The secondary outcomes were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) at extubation, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. Cumulative rescue analgesics, incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting and shoulder pain.

Results: Mean (median/range) duration of analgesia was 6.45 ± 5.57 h (6/0.15–24) in Group B vs 3.18 ± 4.21 h (0.3/0.15–12) in Group S. Cumulative requirement of rescue analgesic was higher in saline group being 56.25 ± 33.92 mg for diclofenac and 83.57 ± 66.75 mg for tramadol vis‐à‐vis 40.9 ± 39.17 mg and 30.00 ± 52.78 mg, respectively, in bupivacaine group.

Conclusion: Irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with high‐volume low‐concentration bupivacaine in LC increases the duration of analgesia and decreases the analgesic requirement in the postoperative period.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: CTRI/2019/02/017802 dated 25/02/2019.
Current‐Limiting Strategy for Unbalanced Low‐Voltage Ride Through of the SMSI‐MG Based on Coordinated Control of the Generator Subunits
Authors: Zhang Jinjing , Wang Xinggui , Xue Sheng
Published: October 2024

Unlike the inverters in the traditional alternating‐current (AC) microgrid, those in a microgrid with series microsource inverters (SMSI‐MG) are connected to the power grid after being cascaded. The authors of this study first divide the control sections according to the degree of grid voltage dips and formulate a coordinated scheme to suppress fluctuations in the output powers of the SMSI‐MG. For the section in which the degree of unbalanced grid voltage dips is relatively low, a current‐limiting strategy that reduces the output power of the SMSI‐MG through the coordinated control of the generator subunits (CCGU) is proposed. More active power can be provided by the SMSI‐MG when the proposed strategy is used, than in the strategy that is based on changing the reference power, and the output reactive power of the SMSI‐MG can be automatically changed with the degrees of dip and unbalance of the grid voltage. The Light Gradient‐Boosting Machine (LightGBM) is used to establish a mapping relationship between the parameters characterizing overcurrent and the reduction quantity in output active power of the SMSI‐MG to implement the CCGU‐based current‐limiting strategy. The complex collaborative control is simplified to improve the low‐voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the SMSI‐MG.
Mastoid Obliteration With Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft in Canal Wall Down Tympanoplasty: Description of a Novel Technique and Case Report
Authors: Faita Antonio , Montagner Giulia , Trojan Diletta , Di Pasquale Fiasca Valerio Maria
Published: October 2024

Mastoid obliteration can be performed after canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy with various materials. Homologous bone tissue harvested from cadaver donor represents a feasible option with advantages. The purpose of the study is to describe the case of a patient diagnosed with middle ear cholesteatoma treated with mastoidectomy of the CWD and mastoid obliteration with homologous freeze‐dried corticocancellous bone particulate in the Cittadella Hospital Ear, Nose, Throat (ENT) unit. The preoperative characteristics of the patients, the procurement and processing of bone allografts, the surgical technique, and postsurgical outcomes are described. No perioperative and postoperative complications were observed, and no rejection or foreign body reactions occurred. The patient then underwent a seriated follow‐up. Audiometric tests showed an improvement in hearing levels. The volume of the neoexternal ear canal was 2.01 cm3. The case demonstrated clinical stability, substantial hearing recovery, and no need for specialist cleaning of the reformed external ear canal (EEC). The freeze‐dried bone tissue allograft, in the technical way we used, appears to be a viable option in mastoid obliteration because homologous bone is not affected by material shortage, has fast assimilation, and ensures a useful radiological examination scan, at a low cost.