bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Multi-model Ensemble of CMIP6 GCMs for Climate Simulation: A Case Study over Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder Afifa , Shaid Shamsuddin , Hwang Syewoon , Alam Edris , Kamruzzaman Mohammad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to enhance the precision of climate simulations by optimizing a multi-model ensemble of General Circulation Models (GCMs) for simulating rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin). Bangladesh, with its susceptibility to rapid seasonal shifts and various forms of flooding, is the focal point of this research. Historical simulations of 19 CMIP6 GCMs are meticulously compared with ERA5 data for 1986–2014. The bilinear interpolation technique is used to harmonize the resolution of GCM data with the observed grid points. Seven distinct error metrics quantify the grid-to-grid agreement between GCMs and ERA5 data. The metrics are integrated into the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for seasonal and annual rankings of GCMs. Finally, the ensemble means of top-performing models are estimated using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Arithmetic Mean (AM) for relative comparison. The outcomes of this study underscore the variability in GCM performance across different seasons, necessitating the development of an overarching ranking system. Results reveal ACCESS.CM2 is the preeminent GCM for rainfall, while INM.CM4.8 excels in replicating Tmax and UKESM1.0.LL in replicating Tmin. In contrast, FGOALS.g3, KACE.1.0.G and CanESM5 are the most underperformed models in estimating rainfall, Tmx and Tmn, respectively. Overall, there are five models, ACCESS.ESM1.5, ACCESS.CM2, UKESM1.0.LL, MRI.ESM2.0, EC.Earth3 performed best in simulating both rainfall and temperature. The relative comparison of the ensemble means of the top five models revealed that the accuracy of BMA surpasses AM in capturing rainfall and temperature spatial patterns. This study offers invaluable insights into the selection of GCMs and ensemble methodologies for climate simulations in Bangladesh. Improving the accuracy of climate projections in this region can contribute significantly to climate science.
Measuring Mean Frequency, Power, and Bandwidth: Key Parameters in Signal Analysis
Authors: Mohamedi Walid
Published: January 2024

Signal analysis plays a crucial role in various scientific, engineering, and technological domains, providing valuable insights into the characteristics of different signals. Among the fundamental parameters to be measured, mean frequency, power, and bandwidth stand out as key metrics. In this article, we delve into the significance of these parameters and the methods employed to measure them.
Conflicts of Interest Among Cardiology Clinical Practice Guideline Authors in Japan
Authors: Murayama Anju , Aizawa Megumi , Byreddy Keerthana R. , Higuchi Kenichi , Senoo Yuki
Published: January 2024

Background:
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) offer disease management recommendations based on scientific evidence. However, financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) between CPG developers and the pharmaceutical industry could bias these recommendations, potentially affecting patient care. Proper management of these FCOIs is particularly crucial for maintaining the integrity of CPGs.
Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate the extent of financial relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and authors of CPGs for cardiovascular diseases in Japan.
Methods:
The study analyzed personal payments from the pharmaceutical industry to authors of cardiovascular disease CPGs published by the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) from January 2015 to December 2022. Payment data, including speaking, consultancy, and writing fees from 2016 to 2020, were extracted from a public available database containing personal payments disclosed by all major pharmaceutical companies.
Results:
A total of 929 unique authors from 37 eligible JCS CPGs were identified. Notably, 94.4% of these authors received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies, totaling over US$70.8 million. The mean and median payment per author was US$76,314 (standard deviation: US$138,663) and US$20,792 (interquartile range: US$4,262 – US$76,998) over the five-year period. Chairpersons of CPGs received significantly higher payments than other authors. More than 80% of authors in each CPG received personal payments.
Conclusions:
The study revealed extensive financial ties between pharmaceutical companies and cardiology CPG authors in Japan, with 94% of authors receiving significant payments. This finding deviates from international FCOI management policies, suggesting the need for more stringent COI management strategies by the JCS to ensure the development of trustworthy and evidence-based CPGs.
Clinicopathological and etiological characteristics for urinary tract infection in cervical cancer patients with radical surgery with double J stents
Authors: jin chengwen , xue yingfeng , bu hualei , xiang jiangdong , wu sufang , jin chengjuan
Published: January 2024

Background
To investigate the clinicopathological and etiological characteristics for urinary tract infection in cervical cancer radical surgery with indwelling ureteral stents.
Methods
A total of 24 patients who received cervical cancer radical surgery and retained with double J stent in Shanghai General Hospital from July 2018 to December 2022 were recruited as the study objects, the medical data were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinicopathological and etiological characteristics of the urinary tract infection were collected.
Results
Of the 24 cervical cancer patients with radical surgery patients with double J stent included in this study, 87.5% patients were locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) and 73.91% patients received postoperative chemoradiotherapy. 58.33% patients had maximum diameter of cancer > 4cm and HPV 16 was present in 65% patients. Total 15 patients were complicated with urinary tract infection, with the infection rate reaching up to 62.5%. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy might be the risk factor for urinary tract infections, although no significant statistic difference was identified (P = 0.074). A total of 30 strains of pathogens were isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections. 10.00% were Gram-positive bacteria, 73.33% were Gram-negative bacteria, 16.67% were fungi. Escherichia coli were the most common pathogens of urinary tract infections. The Escherichia coli are resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefazolin and cefuroxime and sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline and amikacin. Two strains of CRE (carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria) were identified. 70.83% patients were inserted ureteral stents for 3 to 12 months. With the prolongation of ureteral stents placement, drug sensitivity for antibiotics targeting the same pathogen decreased and the pathogenic microbes changed from bacteria into fungi.
Conclusions
Ureteral tract infections were extremely high in LACC with radical surgery with ureteral stents insertion, with the rate reaching to 67.5%. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy might be the risk factor for urinary tract infections. The most common pathogens of urinary tract infections were Gram-positive bacteria, led by Escherichia coli. The Escherichia coli are relatively resistant to Penicillins and Cephalosporins and generally sensitive to Carbapenems and Glycylcyclines. This study could provide basis for clinicians to choose appropriate antibiotics for urinary tract infections during ureteral stents indwelling, preventing severe infections, reducing the burden of disease.
Study of the effect of temperature, pH, and time on the desorption of H2S.
Authors: CARRILLO DIEGO MARTINEZ , ÁVILA-ORTA CARLOS ALBERTO , RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ CAÍN HERNANDEZ , ORTEGÓN LUIS FERNANDO CAMACHO , BERMEA CYNTHIA GUERRERO
Published: January 2024

Water is an inexhaustible natural resource, however, for use in human activities, it is required that its present certain characteristics that make it seem scarce. Hydrogen sulphide is a contaminant that occurs in well water making the water unusable for any human activity. Technology-marginalized areas that have this type of problem are affected by not having tools or equipment that can remove hydrogen sulphide from water. This study focuses on presenting an experimental design to determine the H2S removal kinetics under standard pressure conditions at different temperatures (23°C, 40°C and 50°C), observing that at 50°C up to 40% of the water evaporated. In addition, the effect of temperature (23°C and 40°C) and pH (7 and 11) on the removal of hydrogen sulphide was observed. An ANOVA was performed with the results obtained, determining that the significant variable in these tests was pH.
The Utility of Synoptic Operation Reports in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nikolic Amanda , Tranter Isaac , McCombie Andrew , Connor Saxon , Eglinton Tim
Published: January 2024

Purpose Accurate documentation is crucial in surgical patient care. Synoptic reports (SR) are structured checklist-based reports that offer a standardised alternative to traditional narrative reports (NR). This systematic review aims to assess the completeness of SR compared to NR in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Secondary outcomes include the time to completion, surgeon satisfaction, educational value, research value, and barriers to implementation.Methods Prospective or retrospective studies that assessed SR compared to NR in colorectal cancer surgery procedures were identified through a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE; Embase (Ovid); CIHNAL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost); and Cochrane. 1002 articles were screened, and eight studies met the inclusion criteria after full-text review of 17 papers.Results Analysis included 1797 operative reports (NR: 729; SR: 1068). Across studies reporting this outcome, the completeness of documentation was significantly higher in SR (P < 0.001). Reporting of secondary outcomes was limited, with a predominant focus on research value. Several studies demonstrated significantly reduced data extraction times when utilising SR. Surgeon satisfaction with SR was high, and these reports were seen as valuable tools for research and education. Barriers to implementation included integrating SR into existing electronic medical records (EMR) and surgeon concerns regarding increased administrative burden.Conclusions SR offer advantages in completeness, data extraction, and communication compared to NR. Surgeons perceive them as beneficial for research, quality improvement and teaching. This review supports the necessity for development of user-friendly SR that seamlessly integrate into pre-existing EMRs, optimising patient care and enhancing the quality of CRC surgical documentation.
Leather bergenia as an alternative to synthetic colorants for food systems
Authors: Tsyrendorzhieva S. V. , Zhamsaranova S. D. , Bazhenova B. A. , Khamaganova I. V.
Published: January 2024

The topicality of studying synthetic colorants and a possibility of their strictly regulated application is linked with an increasing producers’ interest in natural food colorants due to the attempt to grant the status of natural products to foods. New data on the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of leather bergenia (Вergenia crassifolia (L.) Fitsch) of different periods of vegetation growing in the Republic of Buryatia were obtained in this work. It is shown that it is one of the few plants, which leaves contain a significant amount of carotenoids. Their maximum total content (1257.9 ± 33.1 mmol/mol chlorophyll) was noticed in red leaves of bergenia. Seasonal changes in the complex of photosynthetic pigments in leaves were revealed. For example, the content of chlorophylls in black leaves reduced by four times compared to the amount of pigments in green leaves. Insignificant losses of the pool of green pigments were also observed in red leaves. About 18% of chlorophylls remained in black leaves. During the period after plants’ appearance from under the snow, the content of chlorophyll α increased by 3 times and chlorophyll β by 1.8 times. In leaves of bergenia, β- carotene was found in the composition of carotenoids (30% of the sum of carotenoids). Among xanthophyllic pigments, lutein was found in the prevailing quantity; its proportion accounted for 51% of the sum of carotenoids.
Microalgae and insects as alternative protein sources: Benefits and risks
Authors: Sutula G. I. , Ryabukhin D. S.
Published: January 2024

Animal products have traditionally been considered the main sources of protein, but due to the increasing population of the planet and environmental pollution, there is a need to find new solutions to meet basic human nutritional needs. An alternative can be insects and microalgae — groups of organisms that, in their nutritional properties and chemical composition, are not inferior to products of animal origin. They are able to have a beneficial effect on the human body due to their high content of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Introducing edible insects or microalgae into the human diet has many environmental benefits, including reducing overall greenhouse gases and reducing land and water consumption. This review examines the chemical composition of microalgae and some types of insects, notes the influence of raw material components on human health, describes associated biologically active compounds, as well as basic cultivation technologies and examples of commercial use. In Russia, due to climatic conditions, only seasonal cultivation of microalgae in open pools is possible. Phytobioreactors for year-round operation require significant financial investments, especially for additional lighting and heating. Microalgae are not very popular in Russia; they are mainly used as part of dietary supplements. Edible insects can be grown using recycled resources and require less initial investment. Today they are considered by scientists as a source of protein for farm animals.
Flexible sensors for food monitoring. Part I: Principle
Authors: Luo D. , Nikitina M. A. , Xiao X.
Published: January 2024

Monitoring and maintaining food quality, safety, and authenticity are the most important concerns in the food industry. The cutting-edge flexible sensors for food monitoring precisely meet the needs of acquiring information on multiple parameters in small space and more reasonable layout, providing data on mechanical deformations, and conformably attaching to arbitrarily curved surfaces. Flexible sensing materials with a large specific surface area, high carrier mobility and carrier density, dense active sites, outstanding tunability, and processability, such as two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and nanohybrid materials, have further improved the sensitivity, stability, and selectivity of flexible sensors. This article attempts to critically review state-of-the-art developments with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and sensing mechanisms of devices, as well as the applications of the electrically-transduced flexible sensors. In addition, this review elaborates on the transduction mechanisms of several typical transducers, with a focus on the physics behind, including the modulation of doping level, Schottky barrier, and interfacial layer that typically lead to changes in conductivity, work function, and permittivity. We also highlight the benefits, technical challenges with corresponding solutions of current flexible sensors, and discuss potential strategies to overcome limitations in energy consumption, quantify the trade-offs in maintaining quality and marketability, optimize wireless communication, and explore new sensing patterns.
The kinetics of milk gel structure formation studies by electron microscopy
Authors: Smykov I. T.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to enhance the comprehension of the mechanism of enzymatic gelation in milk by visualizing the evolution of its microstructure through transmission electron microscopy. In order to minimize the potential for artifacts during the preparation process and eliminate any possible difficulties in interpreting the resulting images, three distinct methods were employed in the research: shading the surface topography with vacuum deposition of heavy metal, negative staining of the specimen with a heavy metal solution and replicating a cleavage of a quick-frozen sample. The selection of time intervals for sampling the gel during its evolution is determined by the most probable significant modifications in the resulting gel. Based on the research, it has been shown that natural milk is a nonequilibrium system from the perspective of statistical thermodynamics. A notable observation is that the glycomacropeptides forming the hair layer on the surface of casein micelles are unevenly distributed, leading to the formation of micelle dimers and trimers. It has been determind that during the initial stage of enzymatic gelation in milk, clusters of loosely bound micelles are formed in areas with the highest concentration. The formation of micelle chains is absent at this stage due to the non-anisometric nature of micelles and the energetic disadvantage of their formation. It has been found that under the influence of enzymatic gelation near the gel point, a hierarchical process involving the transformation of the milk’s protein component is activated. The trigger mechanism for this process is a cooperative conformational transition in clusters of casein micelles, which initiates a chain of more energy-intensive reactions in the following sequence: hydro­phobic interactions → hydrogen bridges → electrostatic interactions → calcium bridges. The result is the conversion of loosely bound micelle clusters into denser aggregates, predominantly contributing to the formation of milk curd. It is worth noting that gelation in milk can be regarded as a process that reduces the free energy of the dispersed system. Understanding the correlation between the decrease in the free energy value during gelation and the physical properties of the finished cheese and other dairy products continues to be a relevant area of research.
Going Beyond Facilitating Large-Group, Creative Problem-Solving Forums: A Case Study on Project Development in Tourism
Authors: Machado Carla Sofia G. , Sousa Fernando C. , Pissarra Joao , Monteiro Ileana P. , Briones
Published: January 2024

With the purpose of understanding what happens during the “black box” of project execution, the authors decided to stay in charge of the whole project, instead of handing over the task to a designated coordinator. After a creative problem-solving forum, aiming at developing competences appropriate for the low season, in local tourism entrepreneurs of a Northern District of Portugal, five projects were planned. During project execution, first by maintaining contact with the five team leaders, and then by contacting directly every participant, it was possible to know the reasons for maintaining or giving up participating in the project. This procedure may provide new perceptions of project execution success probability, when everything seems to be lost, and gives us opportunities for the learning necessary for project management procedures, which must be regarded after problem-solving forums.
The Effects of Social Stigma and Self Stigma on the Relationship Between Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Help and Intention to Seek Professional Help in Middle-aged Men: A Comparison of Competitive Models
Authors:   Korean Association of Family Therapy, An Sohyun , Choi Sumi , Yoo Inhwa , Cho Ahyoung , Bang Serim
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Middle-aged men in this day and age are experiencing many psychological crises. We conducted a study to reduce the stigma of counseling for middle-aged men suffering from such psychological crises and to come up with measures to promote professional help-seeking behavior. Method: Data was collected online for middle-aged men aged 40 to 60. A total of 355 data points were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and M-plus 7.2. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of comparing the fit of the model through the fit of the structural equation model, the theoretical model established in the study showed better comparative fit than the competitive model. Second, the mediating effect of the verified model was verified through bootstrapping techniques, and it was found that both social stigma and self stigma were completely mediated by professional help-seeking attitude in relation to professional help-seeking intention. Conclusion: Based on the results of such research, this study can present basic data for promoting the professional help-seeking for middle-aged men. Furthermore, suggestions for further research were discussed.
A Case Study on Internal Family System (IFS) Therapy for Recovery of the ‘True Self’ of a Female Caregiver Who Experienced Childhood Abuse
Authors:   Korean Association of Family Therapy, Yang Ji Yeon
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study is a case study on Internal Family System (IFS) Therapy for women who have difficulty in raising children due to the experience of abuse in childhood. Methods: To this end, a research problem was set, analyzed, and interpreted, to conduct systematic IFS therapy for three study participants, examine the experiences of the participants, and examine the changes accordingly. Results: As a result of the study, it was confirmed that as each participant recognized their ‘true self’, the unbalanced internal system reported before counseling gradually found balance. Conclusions: In conclusion, a positive change was confirmed in finding the balance of the internal system by newly recognizing the Self as the inner subject and discovering the energy therein. Therefore, this case study is considered to be
an alternative to a case study of a small number of participants, or to clinicians and researchers who want to apply IFS therapy to women who have an unbalanced internal system and have difficulty raising
children due to the experience of childhood abuse.
Ensuring Road Safety by the Carrier as a Condition for the Proper Provision of a Passenger Transportation Services
Authors:   Scientific State Institution  of Road Safety  of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Bakanov K. S.
Published: January 2024

Certain aspects of bringing the carrier to administrative responsibility for violation of requirements in the field of road safety in the provision of services of inadequate quality for the carriage of passengers are considered. Based on the analysis of legislation and judicial practice, the possibility of simultaneously bringing the carrier to administrative responsibility for violations in the field of road safety and liability for improper provision of services within the framework of administrative and civil law legislation is being investigated. It is stated that the fulfillment of public obligations to comply with road safety requirements is usually the requirements for the provision of passenger transportation services. It is proved that the simultaneous application of several liability measures to the carrier and its employees does not contradict the principle of inadmissibility of bringing twice to responsibility for the same act (non bis in idem), because the subjects of responsibility have different legal status, and legislation is aimed at protecting different protected interests. It is concluded that such an approach makes it possible to distinguish the administrative-legal consequences of violations of road safety requirements by drivers engaged in professional activities and drivers engaged in transportation for their own needs. Consideration of an administrative offense as the basis of civil liability in the field of passenger transportation makes it possible to guarantee road safety when transporting passengers simultaneously by public and private legal means.
On the issue of the Concept of a Continuing Crime and the Need to Legislate It.
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Korotkikh N. N.
Published: January 2024

The legislation does not contain the concept of a continuing crime. The law enforcement officer solves this issue based on the theoretical concept of a continuing crime and based on the opinion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the qualification of specific crimes. However, their attribution to the number of continuing ones remains a controversial issue in the theory and practice of the application of criminal law. The article examines the theoretical, legislative and law enforcement problems associated with a continuing crime. In the science of criminal law, there is a fairly stable idea of which crimes provided for in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be classified as continuing. In the conducted research, an attempt is made to identify how the understanding of a continuing crime that has developed in theory and practice allows us to give a fair criminal legal assessment of acts falling under this definition. The guiding explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the application of the rules on continuing crimes are critically analyzed, and some controversial issues related to the characteristics of the category of crimes under study are also considered. As a result of the analysis of legal doctrine and law enforcement practice, the article formulates those essential features that, in our opinion, a crime must possess in order to be considered lasting. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made aimed at legally consolidating the definition of a continuing crime and the moment of its end.
Tracking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators in tribal districts of India: a secondary data analysis through 2015–2020
Authors: Tripathi Vinay , GS Preetha , Swain Sumant
Published: January 2024

Under Sustainable Development Goal targets 6.1 and 6.2, every nation is committed to ensure universal and equitable access to water and sanitation to its people and India is no exception. The country has made a considerable progress toward these targets through various policy and programmatic initiatives since 2015. Within an overall improvement at the country level, this paper examines the coverage of key WASH indicators in tribal population of the country. Secondary data pertaining to the WASH indicators were obtained from the NFHS 2015–2016 and NFHS 2019–2021 for 90 tribal-dominated districts of the country and were analyzed. We ranked these tribal districts on the basis of their performance. The analysis showed a distinct improvement in terms of marked fall in open defecation, uptake of improved toilet facilities, accessibility to improved sources of water, and improved behaviors in relation to the handwashing and treatment of drinking water in tribal population with varying levels of coverage, which was captured in WASH ranking of these districts. The districts falling toward the bottom side of the ranking ladder need prioritization and entail more attention of programmatic interventions in order to sustain the overall progress and to reach the SDG targets of 100% WASH coverage.
Financial leverage and value creation by textile manufacturing smes in the city of Bogotá
Authors: Ducón Salas Julio Cesar , Cely Torres Andrea
Published: January 2024

Given that the initial purpose of any company is to grow and last, external financing is considered, by definition, as a means to achieve short and long-term objectives. However, the input of these resources is often used to cover deficit situations, which does not always improve their results or lead to the objectives that have been established. In this sense, the article presents an analysis of the financial leverage of five textile manufacturing companies and their relationship with a group of risk indicators. Furthermore, this relationship was characterized by a group of financial and operational drivers. Said analysis was carried out with a quantitative approach based on the financial statements of these companies, which were the raw material to prepare the aforementioned study. The research process concluded that leverage, contrary to what was expected in the selected sample, was more related to negative results than to capital growth, an aspect that is corroborated with the characterization by means of financial and operational inductors.
Forecast of stock quotations of Sberbank PJSC using correlation and regression analysis
Authors: Tenkovskaya Lyudmila I.
Published: January 2024

The scientific research, which consists in making a forecast regarding the stock quotes of Sberbank PJSC, is relevant because it reveals the prospects of the Russian financial sector. It allows investors to form a trading strategy for buying ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC to generate income in the future. The purpose of the scientific article is to build an economic and mathematical model for forecasting quotations of ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC. To achieve this goal, the theoretical foundations of the formation of monetary policy in Russia, the exchange rate of the Russian ruble, oil prices on the world market have been studied. The degree of influence of the above factors on the quotations of ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC has been established. In the process of work, general and special scientific methods are involved: analysis, synthesis, monographic, statistical. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the construction of multiple and paired linear regression equations reflecting the dependence of quotations of ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC on the M2 monetary aggregate in Russia, the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the USD/RUB currency pair, and Brent crude oil prices. Based on the equation of paired linear regression containing data on the M2 monetary aggregate in Russia, a forecast was made for the value of ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC. In comparison with the trend of increasing money supply in Russia, ordinary shares of Sberbank PJSC look undervalued and attractive for investment.
The powers of constitutional (statutory) councils of subjects of the Russian Federation as bodies of legal protection of the Basic Law
Authors: Kuriatnikov Vitali V.
Published: January 2024

Constitutional (statutory) council is a new state body of federal subjects of Russia. The council is designed to replace the regional body of constitutional justice, abolished since 2023. At the same time, status of this new body is not detailed in the federal legislation, therefore, it gives rise to conflicting approaches in legal science. It is not clear whether the constitutional (statutory) council should (can) be a constitutional control body. Or it should be a supervisory body. It is not clear what set of powers the constitutional (statutory) council should have. The work uses historical and comparatively legal research methods. The authors study the experience of constitutional councils in republics of Yakutia, Bashkiria and Adygea. The conclusion is made about the main purpose of constitutional (statutory) councils: to ensure the supremacy and direct action of the Basic Law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and to exercise its legal protection. This implies the presence of powers: for normative control; on the interpretation of the constitution (charter) of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation; to resolve disputes between the highest authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. At the same time, an analysis of the laws on constitutional councils of subjects of the Russian Federation shows that they have the authority to exercise normative control in relation to all normative acts of a subject of the Russian Federation and local governments. However, they cannot deprive them of their legal force, since their decisions are advisory in nature. The right to interpret the Basic Law is granted to constitutional councils only in Yakutia and Bashkiria. The results of the interpretation are also advisory in nature, so the interpretation cannot be called an official interpretation (especially since the Constitutional Council of Bashkiria is preparing only a draft of such an interpretation). There is no power to resolve disputes in the laws on the status of constitutional councils in Yakutia, Bashkiria and Adygea. The conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of the means of legal protection of the Basic Law available in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Mechanisms are proposed that will ensure the effectiveness of decisions of constitutional (statutory) councils. The right of constitutional councils to give an official normative interpretation of the Basic Law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is substantiated.
Legislative “ground” for transplant tourism in Russia
Authors: Popova-Logacheva Yulija P.
Published: January 2024

This article examines the current state of domestic legislation regarding me- dical tourism regulation. Gaps in criminal law and the absence of federal regulation for public relations in the transplantation field, delays in enacting necessary laws on organ and tissue donation contribute to a lack of trust in medical staff and the overall functioning of Russia’s healthcare system. The actual implementation of international obligations at the domestic level in this area has not yet occurred. The transformation of international legal norms into national laws and regulations has been partially implemented. Conclusions drawn from the opinions of a respected scientist-practitioner in Russian transplantology, a description of the underground reality of Moscow clinics by a “regular” therapist, and an analysis of current departmental legislation provide evidence for the existence of transplant tourism in Russia. The protection of the constitutional right to health for Russian patients should not be merely declarative. The realization of the human right to quality medical care should not infringe upon the rights and freedoms of others in the provision of medical services. The entire system of medical law should be promptly organized to prevent arbitrariness, immorality, and violations of the professional ethics of medical workers. Additionally, the author proposes a model of a criminal law norm on trafficking in human organs and tissues.
Family or career? Happiness and success of youth through orientation towards professional and family values
Authors: Efimova Galina Z. , Kuvaldina Sofia Yu.
Published: January 2024

This article explores the connection between young people’s focus on professional and family values and their subjective sense of happiness and success. This subject is pertinent in today’s world, where an increasing number of youths prioritize material accomplishments and careers, often neglecting their personal lives and relationships. The empirical findings are derived from the authors’ sociological study involving young participants (aged 14–35) and utilizing a questionnaire as the research method. The findings indicate that young individuals who exhibit strong career orientations are less happy, while those with predominant family values experience greater success and report higher levels of subjective happiness. However, examining the respondents’ family and professional values reveals a complex and multifaceted distribution among “happy”/“unhappy” and “successful”/“unsuccessful” categories, preventing a clear-cut and polarized classification of these groups. Investigating young people’s focus on professional and family values helps us comprehend their influence on happiness, success, and self-realization. The importance of maintaining a balance between work and personal life is emphasized, as seen through the lens of self-perceived happiness and success, ultimately contributing to more comprehensive individual self-realization and improved life satisfaction. This knowledge can assist educational institutions, youth policy implementation divisions, and education departments in devising effective strategies to support young people’s life choices and growth, as well as in establishing conditions that promote more complete self-realization. Examining young people’s orientation towards professional and family values can enable society to better understand and address the changing value orientations of young individuals and implement appropriate measures to support their needs and interests.
Civil and arbitration proceedings in the new economic conditions
Authors: Koval Vladimir N. , Morozova Anastasia N.
Published: January 2024

The challenges of modernity are forming new realities in the implementation of legal norms, including in the field of civil and arbitration proceedings. In this regard, the authors set a goal to analyze the features of legal relations developing in these areas in their relationship with the new economic conditions generated by recent world events. The authors analyzed the statistics of the growth in the number of court cases in recent years, as well as the studies of civil lawyers in this area, on the basis of which the conclusion was made about the need to consider the prospects of civil and arbitration proceedings. By means of a comparative analysis, the sphere of relations concerning the relevance of applying to international arbitration at the present time, as well as the practice of considering cases at this level, is investigated. The main directions that will cause difficulties in international proceedings in modern political and economic conditions are identified and a possible solution is identified — the prospect of applying to neutral international arbitration centers. The domestic practice of civil and arbitration proceedings has been studied and some ways of solving difficulties in terms of improving the judicial system and possible options for reducing the burden on the courts, taking into account the opinions of scientists and practicing lawyers, have been identified. The conclusion is made about the need for a global judicial reform with a possible partial solution of the identified problems by turning to the field of information technologies, which are successfully used by the state in the provision of public services and as an analogue could be used in conducting civil and arbitration proceedings.
Financial literacy analysis: a comprehensive study
Authors: Lazutina Darya V. , Portnyaga Ekaterina M.
Published: January 2024

Effective management of financial resources is becoming increasingly important with the development of the financial system. Low financial literacy can lead to difficulties, wrong decisions, increased debts and bankruptcy. Russian and foreign studies provide insight into effective strategies for teaching and improving financial literacy of the population. In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of research on financial literacy in Russia and abroad. Through content analysis of scientific literature, they systematize and classify approaches to financial literacy and identify general requirements for its development. The authors also consider strategies to improve financial literacy in Russia. The conclusions emphasize the importance of financial literacy development as a key factor of financial well-being and recommend further study of the topic to develop effective teaching strategies. This article provides a valuable contribution to the understanding of financial literacy in different contexts.
Disputable aspects of compensating losses and general director’s liability at a legal entity during the ongoing reform of the RF civil legislation
Authors: Romanchuk Sergey V. , Bezugliy Reagan Lee V.
Published: January 2024

This article looks into a universal way of restoring violated rights in corporate relations: compensating losses within the implementatied the provisions of the Article 53.1 of the RF Civil Code . In the period of its active reform in 2014, the Article 53.1 was introduced, which regulates the corporate liability of individual and collective bodies of a legal entity for decision-making. Analyzing the composition of a corporate offense, as well as the criteria for the onset of civil liability, the authors conclude that the assessment nature of the signs of "bad faith" and "unreasonableness,» which in turn cannot be recognized as established for the unambiguous application of these provisions of the law and the formation of uniform judicial practice. The analysis of court practice demonstrates significant difficulties in proving and bringing to corporate liability the general director, other participants who are members of the governing bodies of a legal entity, as well as beneficiaries acting on behalf of the legal entity. Bringing the general director and (or) members of the board of directors to corporate property liability defines their activities as "high-risk" due to the prevalence of the legislator’s evaluative approaches to defining managerial actions as "unfair" and/or "unreasonable." In order to improve legal regulation in the framework of the implementation of the provisions on corporate liability, the authors propose to supplement the signs of "bad faith" and "unreasonableness" with specific examples of the most common corporate offenses for which the liability provided for in the Article 53.1 of the RF Civil Code arises, as well as to refine the general approach in legal regulation by specifying the signs of "unreasonableness," "bad faith" in the context of the ongoing reform of the RF civil legislation. Due to the change in the functional status of the activity of managing and controlling persons of a legal entity as "high-risk," it is proposed to recommend a legal entity to insure its liability to other participants of commercial turnover from the losses caused as a result of illegal actions of responsible persons, to supplement the disposition of the article with a provision of the corresponding content.
Continuous development of competencies of financial company managers in the context of systemic career opportunities
Authors: Shavrovskaya Marina N. , Pesha Anastasiya V.
Published: January 2024

Executive training and development are an integral part of the success and effective functioning of a commercial financial company. Research shows that there is a relationship between the level of managerial competencies, investments in their development and the results of managers’ work. This article reflects the authors’ understanding of the systemic career opportunities of financial company managers: a learning culture, a feedback culture, the presence and functioning of a talent management system, a personalized approach to the development and training of employees, individual counseling in the format of mentoring or coaching. Based on the content analysis of the results of the previous world experience in research on the development and evaluation of managerial competencies, the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods in processing the results of a continuous assessment of the competencies of managers (n = 234), the top management of the company was offered recommendations to strengthen the management system for the continuous development of employees of the organization. The results show a high level of formation of managerial competencies of managers at various levels of a large financial company with more than 5,000 employees and a developed branch network, which is a predictor of high career growth within the organization or leaving it. The authors reveal the limitations of systemic career opportunities on the example of one financial company, which is a limitation of the study. At the same time, the results obtained may be of interest to researchers on the issues of constructing a system for assessing and developing the competencies of managers in various fields of activity.
Interreligious Cooperation for Family Values: Latvian Experience
Authors: Stankevičs Zbigņevs
Published: January 2024

The stimulus for writing the paper was an invitation to participate in the academic conference “St. John Paul II’s natural law legacy and international human rights: toward a century of persuasion”, organized by Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University and Ave Maria International School of Law. I offered to share the Latvian experience of the last twenty-five years in the field of the defence of family values, taking into account cooperation between different religious communities in Latvia. 

The study is based on selected international and Latvian law documents, as well as documents dealing with the issues raised and published in Latvian mass media.  In the cited joint letters of religious leaders and my articles from 2002, an analysis is cited regarding the facts and materials in the field of defence of conceived life and family values.  The article provides insights into the main topics discussed in Latvian society over the last two decades.
Entitlements/rights, dignity and liberal democracy. Against the backdrop of the text by Cardinal Gerhard Müller “The Popes as Guardians of Human Dignity”
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan
Published: January 2024

The concept of human dignity has already been widely discussed. In his interesting contribution, Cardinal Gerhard Müller once again turned to this category to expound upon its significance for Catholic reflection, to draw attention to its role in the teachings of 20th century Popes, and to bring it to light in connection with the increasing disputes concerning the ability/validity of “improving human nature”. Historians of political thought are interested in these disputes, and see them - insofar as they are carried out by using categories developed mainly in Western reflection - not as new ones, but rather embedded in past polemics, referring to old approaches, notably those which are prevailing today. Against the backdrop of the aforementioned disputation, this paper aims to reveal the fundamental tensions between the dominant liberal tradition – which, as the paper argues, is heterogenous – and the approach favored by the Popes”.
Does the Strasbourg European Court protect all human rights equally?
Authors: Borego Borego Javier
Published: January 2024

The text opens with a recollection of St John Paul II's historic visit to a mosque in 2001, highlighting the cultural respect manifested the event. The text then delves into St John Paul II's early fascination with literature and drama, emphasizing his resistance to Nazi occupation through cultural means.  The author quotes St John Paul II's statement that faith must become culture in order to be fully embraced and lived. The author urges the audience to approach Catholic culture wisely  and quotes St John Paul II's encouragement not to be afraid of the future, emphasising the capacity for wisdom and virtue in individuals. The text then moves on to a critical analysis of the European Court of Human Rights , pointing out instances of procedural irregularities and dissenting views on judgements related to issues such as abortion and the recognition of civil marriage. The author then develops his argument by utilizing the format of a play, metaphorically titled  'Abdi Ibrahim v Norway', as a case study illustrating the impact of Islam on Europe , political correctness and social unrest.