bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multimodal iPSC platform for cystic fibrosis drug testing
Authors: Berical Andrew , Lee Rhianna E. , Lu Junjie , Beermann Mary Lou , Le Suer Jake A. , Mithal Aditya , Thomas Dylan , Ranallo Nicole , Peasley Megan , Stuffer Alex , Bukis Katherine , Seymour Rebecca , Harrington Jan , Coote Kevin , Valley Hillary , Hurley Killian , McNally Paul , Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Mahoney John , Randell Scott H. , Hawkins Finn J.
Published: July 2022

Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic lung disease caused by dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channel, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The progress in elucidating the role of CFTR using established animal and cell-based models led to the recent discovery of effective modulators for most individuals with CF. However, a subset of individuals with CF do not respond to these modulators and there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we generate a panel of airway epithelial cells using induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with common or rare CFTR variants representative of three distinct classes of CFTR dysfunction. To measure CFTR function we adapt two established in vitro assays for use in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway cells. In both a 3-D spheroid assay using forskolin-induced swelling as well as planar cultures composed of polarized mucociliary airway epithelial cells, we detect genotype-specific differences in CFTR baseline function and response to CFTR modulators. These results demonstrate the potential of the human induced pluripotent stem cell platform as a research tool to study CF and in particular accelerate therapeutic development for CF caused by rare variants.
Neprilysins regulate muscle contraction and heart function via cleavage of SERCA-inhibitory micropeptides
Authors: Schiemann Ronja , Buhr Annika , Cordes Eva , Walter Stefan , Heinisch Jürgen J. , Ferrero Paola , Milting Hendrik , Paululat Achim , Meyer Heiko
Published: July 2022

Muscle contraction depends on strictly controlled Ca2+ transients within myocytes. A major player maintaining these transients is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA. Activity of SERCA is regulated by binding of micropeptides and impaired expression or function of these peptides results in cardiomyopathy. To date, it is not known how homeostasis or turnover of the micropeptides is regulated. Herein, we find that the Drosophila endopeptidase Neprilysin 4 hydrolyzes SERCA-inhibitory Sarcolamban peptides in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby ensuring proper regulation of SERCA. Cleavage is necessary and sufficient to maintain homeostasis and function of the micropeptides. Analyses on human Neprilysin, sarcolipin, and ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates that the regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. By identifying a neprilysin as essential regulator of SERCA activity and Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, these data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms that control muscle contraction and heart function in health and disease.
Structures of Atm1 provide insight into [2Fe-2S] cluster export from mitochondria
Authors: Li Ping , Hendricks Amber L. , Wang Yong , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin , Meloni Gabriele , Cowan J. A. , Wang Kaituo , Gourdon Pontus
Published: July 2022

In eukaryotes, iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors for numerous physiological processes, but these clusters are primarily biosynthesized in mitochondria. Previous studies suggest mitochondrial ABCB7-type exporters are involved in maturation of cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins. However, the molecular mechanism for how the ABCB7-type exporters participate in this process remains elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of a eukaryotic homolog of human ABCB7, CtAtm1, determined at average resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 Å, complemented by functional characterization and molecular docking in silico. We propose that CtAtm1 accepts delivery from glutathione-complexed iron-sulfur clusters. A partially occluded state links cargo-binding to residues at the mitochondrial matrix interface that line a positively charged cavity, while the binding region becomes internalized and is partially divided in an early occluded state. Collectively, our findings substantially increase the understanding of the transport mechanism of eukaryotic ABCB7-type proteins.
Cloning southern corn rust resistant gene RppK and its cognate gene AvrRppK from Puccinia polysora
Authors: Chen Gengshen , Zhang Bao , Ding Junqiang , Wang Hongze , Deng Ce , Wang Jiali , Yang Qianhui , Pi Qianyu , Zhang Ruyang , Zhai Haoyu , Dong Junfei , Huang Junshi , Hou Jiabao , Wu Junhua , Que Jiamin , Zhang Fan , Li Wenqiang , Min Haoxuan , Tabor Girma , Li Bailin , Liu Xiangguo , Zhao Jiuran , Yan Jianbing , Lai Zhibing
Published: July 2022

Broad-spectrum resistance has great values for crop breeding. However, its mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report the cloning of a maizeNLRgene,RppK, for resistance against southern corn rust (SCR) and its cognateAvrgene,AvrRppK, fromPuccinia polysora(the causal pathogen of SCR). TheAvrRppKgene has no sequence variation in all examined isolates. It has high expression level during infection and can suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Further, the introgression ofRppKinto maize inbred lines and hybrids enhances resistance against multiple isolates ofP. polysora, thereby increasing yield in the presence of SCR. Together, we show thatRppKis involved in resistance against multipleP. polysoraisolates and it can recognize AvrRppK, which is broadly distributed and conserved inP. polysoraisolates.
HSF1 phosphorylation establishes an active chromatin state via the TRRAP–TIP60 complex and promotes tumorigenesis
Authors: Fujimoto Mitsuaki , Takii Ryosuke , Matsumoto Masaki , Okada Mariko , Nakayama Keiich I. , Nakato Ryuichiro , Fujiki Katsunori , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Nakai Akira
Published: July 2022

Transcriptional regulation by RNA polymerase II is associated with changes in chromatin structure. Activated and promoter-bound heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) recruits transcriptional co-activators, including histone-modifying enzymes; however, the mechanisms underlying chromatin opening remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HSF1 recruits the TRRAP-TIP60 acetyltransferase complex in HSP72 promoter during heat shock in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of HSF1-S419. TRIM33, a bromodomain-containing ubiquitin ligase, is then recruited to the promoter by interactions with HSF1 and a TIP60-mediated acetylation mark, and cooperates with the related factor TRIM24 for mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B on K120. These changes in histone modifications are triggered by phosphorylation of HSF1-S419 via PLK1, and stabilize the HSF1-transcription complex in HSP72 promoter. Furthermore, HSF1-S419 phosphorylation is constitutively enhanced in and promotes proliferation of melanoma cells. Our results provide mechanisms for HSF1 phosphorylation-dependent establishment of an active chromatin status, which is important for tumorigenesis.
Organic covalent modification to improve thermoelectric properties of TaS2
Authors: Wang Shaozhi , Yang Xiao , Hou Lingxiang , Cui Xueping , Zheng Xinghua , Zheng Jian
Published: July 2022

Organic semiconductors are attracting considerable attention as a new thermoelectric material because of their molecular diversity, non-toxicity and easy processing. The side chains which are introduced into two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by covalent modification lead to a significant decrease in their thermal conductivity. Here, we describe a simple approach to preparing the side chains covalent modification TaS2 (SCCM-TaS2) organic/inorganic hybrid structures, which is a homogeneous and non-destructive technique that does not depend on defects and boundaries. Electrical conductivity of 3,401 S cm−1 and a power factor of 0.34 mW m−1 K−2 are obtained for a hybrid material of SCCM-TaS2, with an in-plane thermal conductivity of 4.0 W m−1 K−1, which is 7 times smaller than the thermal conductivity of the pristine TaS2 crystal. The power factor and low thermal conductivity contribute to a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of ~0.04 at 443 K.
TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from activation of the testicular pathway
Authors: Rossitto Moïra , Déjardin Stephanie , Rands Chris M. , Le Gras Stephanie , Migale Roberta , Rafiee Mahmoud-Reza , Neirijnck Yasmine , Pruvost Alain , Nguyen Anvi Laetitia , Bossis Guillaume , Cammas Florence , Le Gallic Lionel , Wilhelm Dagmar , Lovell-Badge Robin , Boizet-Bonhoure Brigitte , Nef Serge , Poulat Francis
Published: July 2022

Gonadal sexual fate in mammals is determined during embryonic development and must be actively maintained in adulthood. In the mouse ovary, oestrogen receptors and FOXL2 protect ovarian granulosa cells from transdifferentiation into Sertoli cells, their testicular counterpart. However, the mechanism underlying their protective effect is unknown. Here, we show that TRIM28 is required to prevent female-to-male sex reversal of the mouse ovary after birth. We found that upon loss ofTrim28, ovarian granulosa cells transdifferentiate to Sertoli cells through an intermediate cell type, different from gonadal embryonic progenitors. TRIM28 is recruited on chromatin in the proximity of FOXL2 to maintain the ovarian pathway and to repress testicular-specific genes. The role of TRIM28 in ovarian maintenance depends on its E3-SUMO ligase activity that regulates the sex-specific SUMOylation profile of ovarian-specific genes. Our study identifies TRIM28 as a key factor in protecting the adult ovary from the testicular pathway.
Tryptophan C-mannosylation is critical for Plasmodium falciparum transmission
Authors: Lopaticki Sash , McConville Robyn , John Alan , Geoghegan Niall , Mohamed Shihab Deen , Verzier Lisa , Steel Ryan W. J. , Evelyn Cindy , O’Neill Matthew T. , Soler Niccolay Madiedo , Scott Nichollas E. , Rogers Kelly L. , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Boddey Justin A.
Published: July 2022

Tryptophan C-mannosylation stabilizes proteins bearing a thrombospondin repeat (TSR) domain in metazoans. Here we show thatPlasmodium falciparumexpresses a DPY19 tryptophan C-mannosyltransferase in the endoplasmic reticulum and thatDPY19-deficiency abolishes C-glycosylation, destabilizes members of the TRAP adhesin family and inhibits transmission to mosquitoes. ImagingP. falciparumgametogenesis in its entirety in four dimensions using lattice light-sheet microscopy reveals defects in ΔDPY19gametocyte egress and exflagellation. While egress is diminished, ΔDPY19microgametes still fertilize macrogametes, forming ookinetes, but these are abrogated for mosquito infection. The gametogenesis defects correspond with destabilization of MTRAP, which we show is C-mannosylated inP. falciparum, and the ookinete defect is concordant with defective CTRP secretion on the ΔDPY19background. Genetic complementation ofDPY19restores ookinete infectivity, sporozoite production and C-mannosylation activity. Therefore, tryptophan C-mannosylation by DPY19 ensures TSR protein quality control at two lifecycle stages for successful transmission of the human malaria parasite.
CO-tolerant RuNi/TiO2 catalyst for the storage and purification of crude hydrogen
Authors: Wang Zhaohua , Dong Chunyang , Tang Xuan , Qin Xuetao , Liu Xingwu , Peng Mi , Xu Yao , Song Chuqiao , Zhang Jie , Liang Xuan , Dai Sheng , Ma Ding
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen storage by means of catalytic hydrogenation of suitable organic substrates helps to elevate the volumetric density of hydrogen energy. In this regard, utilizing cheaper industrial crude hydrogen to fulfill the goal of hydrogen storage would show economic attraction. However, because CO impurities in crude hydrogen can easily deactivate metal active sites even in trace amounts such a process has not yet been realized. Here, we develop a robust RuNi/TiO2 catalyst that enables the efficient hydrogenation of toluene to methyl-cyclohexane under simulated crude hydrogen feeds with 1000–5000 ppm CO impurity at around 180 °C under atmospheric pressure. We show that the co-localization of Ru and Ni species during reduction facilitated the formation of tightly coupled metallic Ru-Ni clusters. During the catalytic hydrogenation process, due to the distinct bonding properties, Ru and Ni served as the active sites for CO methanation and toluene hydrogenation respectively. Our work provides fresh insight into the effective utilization and purification of crude hydrogen for the future hydrogen economy.
Balanced gene dosage control rather than parental origin underpins genomic imprinting
Authors: Weinberg-Shukron Ariella , Ben-Yair Raz , Takahashi Nozomi , Dunjić Marko , Shtrikman Alon , Edwards Carol A. , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. , Stelzer Yonatan
Published: July 2022

Mammalian parental imprinting represents an exquisite form of epigenetic control regulating the parent-specific monoallelic expression of genes in clusters. While imprinting perturbations are widely associated with developmental abnormalities, the intricate regional interplay between imprinted genes makes interpreting the contribution of gene dosage effects to phenotypes a challenging task. Using mouse models with distinct deletions in an intergenic region controlling imprinting across the Dlk1-Dio3 domain, we link changes in genetic and epigenetic states to allelic-expression and phenotypic outcome in vivo. This determined how hierarchical interactions between regulatory elements orchestrate robust parent-specific expression, with implications for non-imprinted gene regulation. Strikingly, flipping imprinting on the parental chromosomes by crossing genotypes of complete and partial intergenic element deletions rescues the lethality of each deletion on its own. Our work indicates that parental origin of an epigenetic state is irrelevant as long as appropriate balanced gene expression is established and maintained at imprinted loci.
Ranking the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions to counter COVID-19 in UK universities with vaccinated population
Authors: Niu Zirui , Scarciotti Giordano
Published: July 2022

Several universities around the world have resumed in-person teaching after successful vaccination campaigns have covered 70/80% of the population. In this study, we combine a new compartmental model with an optimal control formulation to discover, among different non-pharmaceutical interventions, the best prevention strategy to maximize on-campus activities while keeping spread under control. Composed of two interconnected Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered (SEIQR) structures, the model enables staff-to-staff infections, student-to-staff cross infections, student-to-student infections, and environment-to-individual infections. Then, we model input variables representing the implementation of different non-pharmaceutical interventions and formulate and solve optimal control problems for four desired scenarios: minimum number of cases, minimum intervention, minimum non-quarantine intervention, and minimum quarantine intervention. Our results reveal the particular significance of mask wearing and social distancing in universities with vaccinated population (with proportions according to UK data). The study also reveals that quarantining infected students has a higher importance than quarantining staff. In contrast, other measures such as environmental disinfection seems to be less important.
Covariation in the recognition of own-race and other-race faces argues against the role of group bias in the other race effect
Authors: Wang Ao , Laming Craig , Andrews Timothy J.
Published: July 2022

A dominant theory of the other race effect (ORE) is that group-bias causes us to process own-race and other-race faces using different cognitive processes. To test this theory, we measured individual differences across two face recognition tasks. Our predictions were that the magnitude and pattern of performance on own-race faces would not predict performance on other-race faces and that participants would take more time with own-race faces. In a face matching task, we found that participants were more accurate with own-race faces compared to other-race faces. However, performance on own-race faces was highly correlated with performance on other-race faces. In a face sorting task, participants made fewer piles and fewer errors (i.e. higher accuracy) with own-race faces compared to other-race faces. However, we again found that performance on own-race faces was highly correlated with performance on other-race faces. The covariation in performance between own-race and other-race faces suggests that they engage similar perceptual processes. Finally, we found that participants did not spend more time on tasks involving own-race faces suggesting that different levels of motivation do not explain the ORE. Together, these findings argue against the idea that group bias leads to different perceptual processing of own-race and other-race faces.
Mixed-valence {FeII2FeIII4} hexanuclear complexes with thermally induced Fe(iii) spin-crossover behavior
Authors: Jia Shuwen , Fan Lingyue , Zheng Chunyang , Jin Sai , Li Dongfeng
Published: July 2022

Cyano-bridged mixed-valence {Fe6} hexanuclear complexes {[Tp4-MeFeII(CN)3]2[FeIII(Tpa)]2[FeIII(OR)(Tpa)]2}·6ClO4 (R = OM, OEt, OH) with Fe3+ spin-crossover behavior.
Different interfacial reactivity of lithium metal chloride electrolytes with high voltage cathodes determines solid-state battery performance
Authors: Kochetkov Ivan , Zuo Tong-Tong , Ruess Raffael , Singh Baltej , Zhou Laidong , Kaup Kavish , Janek Jürgen , Nazar Linda
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive analysis of all-solid-state cells with NCM85 and a Li-M-Cl catholyte reveals the vital role of the central cation M in controlling the composition of the cathode interphase and dictating capacity retention above 4.3 V.
Low-tortuous and dense single-particle-layer electrode for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Feng Shuo , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Fu Yucheng , Li Zhuo , Wang Yulong , Bao Jie , Xu Zhijie , Li Guosheng , Anderson Cassidy , Shi Lili , Lin Yuehe , Khalifah Peter G. , Wang Wei , Liu Jun , Xiao Jie , Lu Dongping
Published: July 2022

Single-particle-layer sulfur electrodes are designed to build low-tortuosity through-pores across both vertical and planar directions of an electrode, enabling operation of low-porosity cathodes under practical conditions.
Large stress asymmetries of lipid bilayers and nanovesicles generate lipid flip-flops and bilayer instabilities
Authors: Sreekumari Aparna , Lipowsky Reinhard
Published: July 2022

Instability and self-healing of nanovesicle caused by a large stress asymmetry between the two leaflets of the lipid bilayer. The compressed outer leaflet expels red-green lipids that first form a micelle and then move towards the inner leaflet.
Beating Poisson stochastic particle encapsulation in flow-focusing microfluidic devices using viscoelastic liquids
Authors: Shahrivar Keshvad , Del Giudice Francesco
Published: July 2022

We employed polymer solutions to boost particle encapsulation and co-encapsulation efficiency above the stochastic limit in a flow focusing microfluidic device.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Guilluy G. , Giacobbe P. , Carleo I. , Cubillos P. E. , Sozzetti A. , Bonomo A. S. , Brogi M. , Gandhi S. , Fossati L. , Nascimbeni V. , Turrini D. , Schisano E. , Borsa F. , Lanza A. F. , Mancini L. , Maggio A. , Malavolta L. , Micela G. , Pino L. , Rainer M. , Bignamini A. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Desidera S. , Fiorenzano A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lorenzi V. , Knapic C. , Molinari E. , Pacetti E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E.
Published: July 2022

Context. The field of exo-atmospheric characterisation is progressing at an extraordinary pace. Atmospheric observations are now available for tens of exoplanets, mainly hot and warm inflated gas giants, and new molecular species continue to be detected, revealing a richer atmospheric composition than previously expected. Thanks to its warm equilibrium temperature (963 ± 18 K) and low density (0.219 ± 0.031 g cm−3), the close-in gas giant WASP-69b represents a golden target for atmospheric characterisation.

Aims. With the aim of searching for molecules in the atmosphere of WASP-69b and investigating its properties, we performed high-resolution transmission spectroscopy with the GIANO-B near-infrared spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo.

Methods. We observed three transit events of WASP-69b. During a transit, the planetary lines are Doppler-shifted due to the large change in the planet’s radial velocity, allowing us to separate the planetary signal from the quasi-stationary telluric and stellar spectrum.

Results. Considering the three nights together, we report the detection of CH4, NH3, CO, C2H2, and H2O, at more than a 3.3a- level. We did not identify the presence of HCN or CO2 with confidence a level higher than 3a. This is the first time that five molecules have been simultaneously detected in the atmosphere of a warm giant planet. These results suggest that the atmosphere of WASP-69b is possibly carbon-rich and characterised by the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.
Time for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes
Authors: Oberdorff Thierry
Published: July 2022

Freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity provide fundamental services to humans such as nutritional resources production, water provisioning, water purification, recreation, and more globally climate regulation. Anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity are already strong and will most probably increase in the near future. Anthropogenic drivers are widely known and include in particular, climate change, habitat shrinking and/or modification due to land-use (e.g. water abstraction for human and agricultural consumption, urbanization), habitat fragmentation and homogenization in stream flow dynamics due to the damming of rivers, introduction of non-native species, dumping of nutrient or organic loadings increasing eutrophication processes, and biodiversity over-exploitation. Here, I review the current and future effects of these anthropogenic drivers on freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity and provide some few examples of existing solutions, either technological, nature-based or policy-based, that could be applied globally to halt and/or minimize their negative consequences. However, success will require systemic changes across public policy and a sufficient political will to do so.
Multi-objects optimization in μ-EDM using AlCrN coated tungsten carbide electrode by Deng's method
Authors: Pham Van Dong , Shirguppikar Shailesh , Nguyen Huu Phan , Nguyen Duc Minh , Bui Tien Tai , Le Thi Phuong Thanh , Nguyen Trong Ly
Published: July 2022

In machining, the use of appropriate optimization method will significantly contribute in improving the economic and technical efficiency. Currently, there are many techniques used for multi-objective decisions in electrical discharge machining (EDM) and micro-EDM. This may create mistakes in choosing the optimal solution for each problem and mislead the optimum solution. Therefore, it is necessary to have research directions to be able to come up with a reasonable optimal method. In this study, the author has studied multi-targeting decisions in micro-EDM using coated electrode. Experiments were performed using Ti-6Al-4V as a workpiece material and AlCrN coated Tungsten carbide (WC) micro tool electrode. Deng's method was used to decide the optimized level of depth of machining (Z Co-Ordinate) and overcut (OC) in micro-EDM using the coated electrode. Research results are analyzed and evaluated with several other multi-objective decision methods. The results indicated that Deng's method was the suitable method for this study and the machined surface quality of the coated electrode was also analyzed.
Étude qualitative de l’implémentation de la COP 13 dans une institution accueillant des personnes vivant avec un trouble psychotique sévère d’évolution lente
Authors: Icher Adrien , Houot Valérie , Sibeoni Jordan , Phulpin Hugo , Galliot Gaël , Belloc Alice , Faure Karine , Gozé Tudi
Published: July 2022

La COP 13 est une méthode d’évaluation des psychoses conçue pour objectiver des évolutions cliniques fines. Cette étude qualitative inspirée de l’IPA vise à explorer son déploiement au sein d’une institution spécialisée dans la prise en charge des troubles psychotiques sévères et persistants. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès des soignants puis analysés. Les résultats montrent que la COP 13 s’est implantée progressivement dans la pratique clinique de l’équipe. Son utilisation s’est révélée cohérente avec les pratiques de soin institutionnel déjà en place. Certains participants ont identifié la COP 13 comme un repère dans le temps pour aider à objectiver l’évolution clinique des patients pris en charge. D’autres y ont vu un instrument de dialogue et de mise en débat. D’autres enfin, s’en sont saisi comme d’une nouvelle grille de lecture pour penser le quotidien. En enrichissant le travail de narrativité indirecte et en suggérant la possibilité d’une évolution clinique, la COP 13 s’inscrit dans une perspective de rétablissement.
Solving geometric programming problems with triangular and trapezoidal uncertainty distributions
Authors: Mondal Tapas , Ojha Akshay Kumar , Pani Sabyasachi
Published: July 2022

The geometric programming problem is an important optimization technique that is often used to solve different nonlinear optimization problems and engineering problems. The geometric programming models that are commonly used are generally based on deterministic and accurate parameters. However, it is observed that in real-world geometric programming problems, the parameters are frequently inaccurate and ambiguous. In this paper, we consider chance-constrained geometric programming problems with uncertain coefficients and with geometric programming techniques in the uncertain-based framework. We show that the associated chance-constrained uncertain geometric programming problem can be converted into a crisp geometric programming problem by using triangular and trapezoidal uncertainty distributions for the uncertain variables. The main aim of this paper is to provide the solution procedures for geometric programming problems under triangular and trapezoidal uncertainty distributions. To show how well the procedures and algorithms work, two numerical examples and an application in the inventory model are given.
Using a Sociotechnical Model to Understand Challenges with Sepsis Recognition among Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Karavite Dean J. , Harris Mary Catherine , Grundmeier Robert Wayne , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Shaeffer Gerald P. , Muthu Naveen
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to apply a sociotechnical model to the requirements phase of implementing a machine learning algorithm-based system to support sepsis recognition in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods We incorporated components from the sociotechnical model, Safety in Engineering for Patient Safety 2.0, in three requirements phase activities: (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) user profiles, and (3) system use cases.

Results Thirty-one neonatal intensive care unit clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews (11 nurses, 10 front line ordering clinician, five fellows, and five attending physician). Interview transcripts were coded and then compiled into themes deductively based on components from the sociotechnical model (persons, environment, organization, tasks, tools and technology, collaboration, and outcomes). The interview analysis was used to create four user profiles defining responsibilities in sepsis recognition, team collaboration, and attributes relevant to sepsis recognition. Two user profiles (nurse, front line ordering clinician) included variants based on experience relevant to sepsis recognition. The interview analysis was used to develop three system use cases representing clinical sepsis scenarios. Each use case defines the precondition, actors, and high-level sequence of actions, and includes variants based on sociotechnical works system factors that can complicate sepsis recognition. The interview analysis, user profiles, and use cases serve as the foundation for supporting sociotechnical design to all subsequent human-centered design methods including subject recruitment, formative design, summative user testing, and simulation testing.

Conclusion Integration of the sociotechnical model-guided requirements gathering activities, analysis, and deliverables by framing a range of sociotechnical components and the interconnectedness of these components in the broader work system. Applying the sociotechnical model resulted in discovering work system, process, and outcome requirements that would otherwise be difficult to capture, or missed entirely, using traditional requirements gathering methods or approaches to clinical decision support design.
Technical Background on Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Ali Saud Al Tobi Maamar
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, a technical background on the title of the book is given. Also, the motivation, problem definition, and overview of machinery condition monitoring, were discussed. The methods applied, and benefits that may arise from the knowledge gained in this book, including areas of consideration for the literature review, were presented. Moreover, the aim, objectives and novelty of this book are listed.
Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ali Saud Al Tobi Maamar , Bevan Geraint
Published: July 2022

Genetic algorithm (GA) has been found to be a vital method when integrated with the AI methods and particularly for the optimization and feature selections. Since chapter 3 explored the AI and some of its common methods, this chapter aims to continue with such essential tool like (GA). GA was introduced by John Holland (1975). It uses the Darwinian's concept of survival fitness, to tackle the required problem by producing individuals that are better. This would lead to various solutions that are possible to match and compete with each other. It is basically an optimisation that is applied to complex functions. It is noteworthy to know that GA is similar to chromosomes in individuals that are represented by linear string. This chapter gives an overview of GA and its application in Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Centrifugal Pump Vibration Measurement and Acquisition
Authors: Al Tobi Maamar Ali Saud , Bevan Geraint
Published: July 2022

Previous chapters have emphasized the different methods and applications related to the AI and GA that were presented by many researchers. This chapter describes the experimental work based on centrifugal pump vibration tests, including a comprehensive description of the apparatus and installation, the data acquisition system and the procedures for creating and monitoring the faults. A total of seven cases have been considered, which are a healthy condition, five mechanical faults and a hydraulic fault.
Centrifugal Pump Fault Detection Using SVM
Authors: Al Tobi Maamar Ali Saud , Bevan Geraint
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents the obtained classification results of Support Vector Machine (SVM), instead of the classification results using MLP method with GA presented in Chapter 7. These results are represented by plotting the hyper-plane which separates two different conditions, and the error rate (classification rate). The results comprise the classification accuracy rates based on the applied Wavelet Transform (WT) methods, selection of the best kernel type, and number of features.
Colloidal Hard Spheres
Authors: Wagner Norman J.
Published: July 2022

The phase behavior, dynamical arrest, microstructure and rheology of hard sphere colloidal dispersions are introduced and reviewed, where theory, simulation, and experiment provide a comprehensive basis for understanding this canonical colloidal suspension. The state diagram is examined both at rest, where the ideal glass transition is associated with dynamical arrest, as well as under shear where jamming depends on the applied stress. Linear and nonlinear rheology is presented and analyzed within a microstructural viewpoint. Relevant dimensionless groups governing rheological behavior and characteristic values for properties are developed for the thermodynamics, rheology and dynamics. Theory, simulation, and scaling results are presented to enable prediction and formation of hard sphere suspensions as well as for providing a basis for the understanding of more complex, real-world colloidal suspensions. Finally, extensions to non-smooth hard sphere behavior are briefly introduced as a foundation for understanding current research, including studies of shear thickening rheological behavior.
Investigation of weld formation and porosity in 5052 aluminium alloy laser-GMA hybrid welding assisted by magnetic field with different orientations
Authors: Xu Bingxiao , Liu Fuyun , Lin Danyang , Han Xiong , Chen Xi , Wu Laijun , Chen Bo , Tan Caiwang
Published: July 2022

Steady magnetic field with both orientations including longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) and transverse magnetic field (TMF) was used. The influence of LMF and TMF on weld formation, porosity and mechanical property of 5052 aluminium alloy laser-gas metal arc (GMA) hybrid welding was investigated. The shielding effect of hybrid plasmas on laser energy was weakened by TMF, leading to an increase in weld depth under TMF. Porosity rate was significantly reduced to 2.61% under TMF, because keyhole stability was improved, escaping channels for bubbles were increased, and solidification time of molten pool was prolonged. As a result, the highest tensile strength (174.7 MPa) of hybrid weld was obtained at TMF, owing to the lowest porosity rate.
Duffing-type digitally programmable nonlinear synthetic inductance for piezoelectric structures
Authors: Alfahmi Obaidullah , Sugino Christopher , Erturk Alper
Published: July 2022

Piezoelectric shunt damping techniques using linear circuits (e.g. resistive-inductive) and switching circuits (e.g. synchronized switch on inductor) have been extremely well studied for suppressing resonant vibrations in flexible structures. Both analog circuits and synthetic impedance circuits with digital control have been explored for linear concepts. In a parallel body of work, from the domain of mechanical methods of vibration attenuation, it is also known that leveraging nonlinearities (e.g. stiffness nonlinearity) can enhance the frequency bandwidth and offer amplitude-dependent suppression over a range of frequencies. However, the existing piezoelectric shunt damping techniques have been mostly limited to linear or switching nonlinear circuits, with the exception of a few nonlinear capacitance efforts. This work aims to introduce cubic inductance to emulate Duffing-type hardening nonlinearity in the shunt circuit with precise digital programming and tuning capability. Experiments are performed on a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever under base excitation for concept demonstration and model validation. First, linear frequency response functions of the cantilever are obtained for the short- and open-circuit conditions, and for linear resistive-inductive synthetic shunt damping, to confirm the standard linear behavior and electromechanical model parameters. Then, cubic inductance is introduced to the circuit and nonlinear experiments (up- and down-frequency sweep) are conducted. Cantilever tip to base motion transmissibility frequency response is measured along with piezoelectric voltage to base motion counterpart for a range of base excitation amplitudes. The distortion of the frequency response curves with increased base acceleration levels is observed. The nonlinear cubic coefficient is then varied to alter the manifestation of nonlinear frequency response at a given base excitation level, demonstrating the ease of tuning and triggering the nonlinear behavior on demand by means of the digitally-controlled synthetic impedance shunt. Nonlinear electromechanical model simulations are also validated against the experiments, yielding a very good agreement.
Evidence for temporary and local transition of sp2 graphite-type to sp3 diamond-type bonding induced by the tip of an atomic force microscope
Authors: Hofmann Thomas , Ren Xinguo , Weymouth Alfred J , Meuer Daniel , Liebig Alexander , Donarini Andrea , Giessibl Franz J
Published: July 2022

Artificial diamond is created by exposing graphite to pressures on the order of 10 GPa and temperatures of about 2000 K. Here, we provide evidence that the pressure exerted by the tip of an atomic force microscope onto graphene over the carbon buffer layer of silicon carbide can lead to a temporary transition of graphite to diamond on the atomic scale. We perform atomic force microscopy with CO terminated tips and copper oxide (CuOx) tips to image graphene and to induce the structural transition. A local transition induced by the force of the tip is accompanied by local rehybridization from an sp2-bonded to an sp3-bonded local structure. Density functional theory predicts that a repulsive threshold of

≈
13

nN, followed by a force reduction by

≈
4

nN is overcome when inducing the graphite-diamond transition. The experimental observation of the third harmonic with a magnitude of about 200 fm fits well to overcoming a force barrier of F
barrier ≈ 5 nN, followed by a force reduction by −F
barrier and an upswing by F
barrier for decreasing distances. Experimental evidence for this transition is provided by the emergence of third harmonics in the cantilever oscillation when the laterally flexible CO terminated tip exerts a large repulsive force. Probing the sample with rigid CuOx tips in the strong repulsive regime shows a strong difference in the yielding of the A versus B sites to the pressure of the tip. The large repulsive overall force of

≈
10

nN is only compatible with the experimental data if one assumes that the repulsive force acting on the tip when inducing the transition is compensated by a heavily increased van-der-Waals attraction of the tip due to form fitting of tip and sample by local indentation. The experiment also shows that atomic force microscopy allows to perform high pressure physics on the atomic scale.
Shock structure in collisional positive ion-negative ion plasmas
Authors: Chakrabarti Nikhil , Ghosh Samiran
Published: July 2022

The weakly nonlinear dynamics of low-frequency sound waves are studied in a positive ion-negative ion (PINI) plasma with the aim of investigating the strong collisional effect on their propagation characteristics. The nonlinear wave dynamics is shown to be governed by a Kakutani-Kawahara equation in the strong collisional limit. In contrast to the electron-ion plasmas, the temperature and inertial effects of both the ions significantly modify the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the wave. Analytical solution together with numerical simulations show that a soliton (localized pulse) first collapses into a weak noise shelf and then forms shock like structures. The relevance and potential application of the results in future numerical simulation and experimental studies of laboratory and space PINI plasmas are also discussed.
Systematic study of two-proton radioactivity within various versions of proximity formalisms
Authors: Zhu De-Xing , Li Ming , Xu Yang-Yang , Wu Xi-Jun , He Biao , Li Xiao-Hua
Published: July 2022

In this work, we study the two-proton (2p) radioactivity half-lives for nuclei near or beyond the proton drip line within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). We investigate the 28 versions of proximity potential formalisms, which were proposed for heavy-ion fusion reactions, heavy-ion elastic scattering, ternary fission and other applications. The results indicate that BW91 and Bass77 are inappropriate for handling 2p radioactivity since the classical turning point r

in
cannot be obtained for the depth of the total interaction potential between the released two protons and daughter nucleus being greater than the 2p radioactivity released energy. Among the other 26 proximity potential formalisms, the one proposed by Royer et al in 1984 denoted as Prox.77-8 is the best version with the lowest rms deviations between experimental data and relevant theoretical results. It is worth mentioning that the calculations of Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model for Deformed Nuclei (2021 PRC 104, 064 613) has least standard deviation (σ = 0.592) compared with present model and other models/formulae. Furthermore, we use CPPM with Prox.77-8 to predict the 2p radioactivity half-lives of 35 potential candidates whose 2p radioactivity is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020. The predicted results are consistent with previous theoretical models such as the unified fission model (UFM), generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and effective liquid drop model (ELDM).
Non-invasive transcranial electrical brain stimulation guided by functional near-infrared spectroscopy for targeted neuromodulation: a review
Authors: Hong Keum-Shik , Khan M N Afzal , Ghafoor Usman
Published: July 2022

One of the primary goals in cognitive neuroscience is to understand the neural mechanisms on which cognition is based. Researchers are trying to find how cognitive mechanisms are related to oscillations generated due to brain activity. The research focused on this topic has been considerably aided by developing non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. The dynamics of brain networks and the resultant behavior can be affected by non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, which make their use a focus of interest in many experiments and clinical fields. One essential non-invasive brain stimulation technique is transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), subdivided into transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation. tES has recently become more well-known because of the effective results achieved in treating chronic conditions. In addition, there has been exceptional progress in the interpretation and feasibility of tES techniques. Summarizing the beneficial effects of tES, this article provides an updated depiction of what has been accomplished to date, brief history, and the open questions that need to be addressed in the future. An essential issue in the field of tES is stimulation duration. This review briefly covers the stimulation durations that have been utilized in the field while monitoring the brain using functional-near infrared spectroscopy-based brain imaging.
Suppression of runaway current by electrode biasing and limiter biasing on J-TEXT
Authors: MOU Lingke , CHEN Zhongyong , YAN Wei , LI You , ZHANG Weikang , FANG Jiangang , JIANG Yingzhou , ZHANG Xiaobo , ZHONG Yu , LI Feng , ZOU Guinan , LIU Fanxi , CHEN Zhipeng , YANG Zhoujun , WANG Nengchao , DING Yonghua , PAN Yuan
Published: July 2022

The avoidance of runaway electrons (REs) generated during plasma disruption is of great concern for the safe operation of tokamak devices. Experimental study on the suppression of runaway current by electrode biasing (EB) and limiter biasing (LB) has been performed on the J-TEXT tokamak, which could be an alternative way to suppress the runaway current. The experimental results show that the higher the voltage value, the smaller the runaway current in both EB and LB experiments. The runaway current can be completely suppressed at an electrode biased voltage of +450 V and a limiter biased voltage of +300 V. The comparison of the energy spectra during the runaway plateau phase shows that the maximum energy max (E
RE) and radiation temperature T
HXR of hard x-rays (HXRs) are significantly reduced after the application of +200 V limiter biased voltage. The electric field generated by the biased voltage may be the key factor to suppress the runaway current, and the measured radial electric field increases obviously after the voltage is applied. This may result in an increase in the loss of REs to realize the suppression of runaway current.
Quasi-coherent mode in core plasma of SUNIST spherical tokamak
Authors: LIU Wenbin , WANG Shouzhi , WANG Binbin , SU Pengjuan , CHENG Zhengbo , TAN Yi , GAO Zhe , WAN Yuanxi , GAO Xiang , LIN Xiaodong , HUANG Jianjun , WU Muquan , ZHU Xiang , HAO Baolong , LI Hang
Published: July 2022

A quasi-coherent (QC) mode was observed in the core region of low-density ohmic plasmas in Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak. In experiments on the QC mode, two sets of moveable Langmuir probes (LPs) were used to measure the local parameters including floating potential, electron temperature, electron density, and so on, as well as their profiles. To monitor the magnetohydrodynamic activities, a Mirnov probe was used to measure the poloidal magnetic fluctuation. The QC mode can be seen in the spectra of floating potential, but there is no similar peak in the spectra of magnetic fluctuation. Thus, the QC mode is probably electrostatic. By analyzing the electrostatic potential fluctuations from the LPs, the features of the QC mode including frequency, wavenumber, propagation direction, and dependence on collisionality are identified, which are consistent with the characteristics of dissipative trapped electron mode.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Peters Brandilyn A , Hanna David B , Sharma Anjali , Anastos Kathryn , Hoover Donald R , Shi Qiuhu , Moran Caitlin A , Jackson Elizabeth A , Alcaide Maria L , Ofotokun Igho , Adimora Adaora A , Haberlen Sabina A , Cohen Mardge , Tien Phyllis C , Michel Katherine G , Levine Steven R , Hodis Howard N , Kaplan Robert C , Yin Michael T
Published: July 2022

Background

Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) may have beneficial cardiovascular effects when initiated in early menopause. This has not been examined in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who have heightened immune activation and cardiovascular risks.

Methods

Among 609 postmenopausal women (1234 person-visits) in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, we examined the relationship of ever HT use (oral, patch, or vaginal) with subclinical atherosclerosis: carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), distensibility, and plaque assessed via repeated B-mode ultrasound imaging (2004–2013). We also examined associations of HT with cross-sectional biomarkers of immune activation and D-dimer. Statistical models were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors.

Results

Women (mean age, 51 years; 80% HIV positive) who ever used HT at baseline were older, and more likely to be non-Hispanic White and report higher income, than never-users. Women who ever used HT had 43% lower prevalence of plaque (prevalence ratio, 0.57 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .40–.80]; P < .01), 2.51 µm less progression of CIMT per year (95% CI, –4.60, to –.41; P = .02), and marginally lower incidence of plaque over approximately 7 years (risk ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, .14–1.03; P = .06), compared with never-users, adjusting for covariates; ever HT use was not associated with distensibility. These findings were similar for women with and without HIV. Ever HT use was associated with lower serum D-dimer, but not with biomarkers of immune activation after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions

HT may confer a subclinical cardiovascular benefit in women with HIV. These results begin to fill a knowledge gap in menopausal care for women with HIV, in whom uptake of HT is very low.