bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АДСОРБЦІЙНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ НАНОПОРИСТИХ ВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ, ОТРИМАНИХ ЛУЖНОЮ АКТИВАЦІЄЮ З ТЕПЛОВИМ УДАРОМ
Authors: САБЄРОВА В. О. , ТАМАРКІНА Ю. В. , РЕДЬКО А. В. , КУЧЕРЕНКО В. О.
Published: October 2024

Мета. Дослідження адсорбційної активності нанопористих вуглецевих матеріалів (НВМ), отриманих лужною активацією з тепловим ударом.
Методика. Характеристики пористості НВМ розраховано за ізотермами низькотемпературної (77 K) адсорбції – десорбції азоту (метод 2D-NLDFT-НS). Адсорбційні вимірювання виконано при 25°С та постійному вмісті НВМ (1 г/л) у водних розчинах. Дані з кінетики адсорбції розраховано моделями І-го і ІІ-го другого порядку та внутрішньочасткової дифузії. Ізотерми адсорбції апроксимовано моделями Ленгмюра та Фрейндліха.
Результати. Досліджено кінетику адсорбції фенолу (Ф), 4-хлорфенолу(ХФ), барвника метиленового блакитного(МБ) та катіонів свинцю зразками НВМ, які утворюються з бурого вугілля (НВМ(Б)) та довгополуменевого вугілля (НВМ(Д)) у новому процесі – лужній активації з тепловим ударом. Кінетичні дані отримано при однаковій початковій концентрації адсорбатів 5,0 ммоль/л. Встановлено, що адсорбційна рівновага досягається за 2-4 години залежно від адсорбату. Кінетика адсорбції підпорядковується рівнянню II-го порядку, а розраховані з нього максимальні адсорбційні ємності збільшуються в ряду Pb(II) < МБ < Ф < ХФ і знаходяться в межах 0,736–3,350 ммоль/г для НВМ(Б) та 1,097–4,359 ммоль/г для НВМ(Д). Швидкість адсорбції лімітується взаємодією молекул з поверхневими адсорбційними центрами, є найбільшою при адсорбції ХФ (≥1,672 ммоль/г·хв) та найменшою – при адсорбції МБ (≤0,075 ммоль/г·хв). За першу хвилину поглинається близько половини від максимальної адсорбованої кількості ХФ. Введення теплового удару формує НВМ із більш розвиненою пористою структурою без використання додаткових кількостей активанта (КОН). Застосування отриманих НВМ є найефективнішим в процесах адсорбційного очищення водних середовищ від фенольних сполук.
Наукова новизна. Вперше досліджено адсорбцію фенолу, 4-хлорфенолу, барвника метиле­нового блакитного та катіонів свинцю з водних розчинів (25°С) зразками НВМ, які утворюються з бурого та довгополуменевого вугілля у новому процесі – лужній активації з тепловим ударом.
Практична значимість. Результати дослідження сорбції дозволяють визначити напрями практичного використання НВМ як адсорбентів екотоксикантів різної природи.
ПОКРАЩЕННЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ОБРОБКИ ГЕОІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ДАНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЄЮ НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖІ
Authors: ГОЛІНКО В. В. , НЕДОСНОВАНИЙ О. Ю.
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є представлення нового підходу до обробки географічних даних за допомогою глибинних нейронних мереж, який забезпечує більш ефективний, точний і автоматизований аналіз.
Методика включає використання глибинних нейронних мереж для автоматичної ідентифікації характеристик географічних об'єктів без попередньої ручної обробки.
Результати включають числові дані у вигляді таблиці, що демонструє покращення продуктивності GeoDNN порівняно з традиційними методами.
У цій статті представлено вдосконалений підхід до обробки географічних даних, заснований на використанні глибинних нейронних мереж (GeoDNN). Запропонована методика забезпечує більш ефективний та автоматизований аналіз геоданих.
GeoDNN використовує глибинні нейронні мережі для автоматичної ідентифікації характеристик географічних об'єктів без попередньої ручної обробки. Це дозволяє уникнути людських помилок і підвищує точність аналізу, а механізми самонавчання забезпечують постійне поліпшення з використанням нових даних. GeoDNN відзначається високою продуктивністю при обробці великих обсягів геоданих завдяки оптимізованій структурі та паралельним обчисленням.
Докладно описано архітектуру GeoDNN, включаючи блок-схеми, математичні формули та алгоритми. Розглянуто процеси підготовки даних, їх нормалізації та аугментації, а також навчання моделі з зазначенням параметрів, методів оптимізації та функцій втрат.
Наукова новизна полягає у застосуванні глибинних нейронних мереж для автоматизації обробки географічних даних, що дозволяє уникнути людських помилок, підвищує точність аналізу та забезпечує постійне поліпшення з використанням нових даних.
Практична значимість GeoDNN полягає у його здатності автоматизувати аналіз геоданих, що значно скорочує час обробки та знижує потребу у ручній праці. Це робить систему ефективною для використання в реальних застосуваннях, таких як автоматизація аналізу земельних ділянок.
АНТИОКСИДАНТНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТВЕРДОЇ ДИСПЕРСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ГЕСПЕРИДИНУ, ОТРИМАНОЇ МЕТОДОМ ВІДЦЕНТРОВОГО ФОРМУВАННЯ ВОЛОКОН
Authors: ЛІСОВИЙ В. М. , БЕССАРАБОВ В. І.
Published: October 2024

Мета. Розробка та дослідження впливу полімерної твердої дисперсної системи (ТДС) гесперидину на процеси перекисного окиснення білків та ліпідів.
Методика. Високорозчинна тверда дисперсна система гесперидину була отримана за допомогою інноваційної технології відцентрового формування волокон з використанням комерційно доступної установки для виробництва цукрової вати. Вплив відцентрово сформованої ТДС гесперидину на процес перекисного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) було оцінено за методикою визначення кількості продуктів, які реагують з тіобарбітуровою кислотою (ТБК). Цей метод є непрямим та ґрунтується на здатності ТБК взаємодіяти з малоновим діальдегідом (МДА), який є кінцевим продуктом окисної деградації ліпідів та проміжним продуктом етапу ензиматичного окиснення арахідонової кислоти. Дослідження впливу ТДС гесперидину на процес перекисного окиснення білків (ПОБ) здійснювали за визначенням рівня оптичної густини динітрофенілгідразонів, – кінцевих продуктів реакції, які утворилися під час взаємодії окиснених амінокислотних залишків білків з 2,4-динітрофенілгідразином (2,4-ДНФГ).
Результати. Розроблено високорозчинну полімерну тверду дисперсну систему гесперидину методом відцентрового формування волокон. Доведено, що використання отриманої ТДС гесперидину призводить до зменшення кількості продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів та білків. При цьому з підвищенням концентрації ТДС гесперидину у досліджуваних системах покращується інгібуюча дія, що вказує на концентраційно залежний антиоксидантний ефект.
Наукова новизна. Вперше встановлено, що високорозчинна тверда дисперсна система гесперидину, отримана методом відцентрового формування волокон, ефективно дозозалежно інгібує перекисне окиснення білків та ліпідів.
Практична значимість. Високорозчинна тверда дисперсна система гесперидину може бути використана у якості активного фармацевтичного інгредієнта (АФІ) для розробки лікарських засобів з антиоксидантними властивостями для лікування та профілактики нейродегенеративних захворювань.
La pesca ilegal de la totoaba y su producción mediante acuacultura: Trazabilidad y métodos para identificar el origen
Authors: Gamboa Delgado Julián , Sánchez-Díaz Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Totoaba macdonaldi es un gran pez marino habitante del golfo de California. Se encuentra catalogado como una especie vulnerable debido a capturas excesivas históricas y más recientemente para extraer su vejiga natatoria. Investigaciones intensivas han derivado en la exitosa producción de la totoaba mediante acuacultura. El presente artículo examina dos de los métodos que pueden apoyar la trazabilidad y conservación de esta y otras especies sujetas a pesca ilegal. Se enfatiza la aplicación de biomarcadores genéticos e isotópicos, los cuales han permitido discernir entre peces silvestres y los derivados de cultivo. En el caso de los biomarcadores isotópicos de carbono y nitrógeno, estos diferenciaron entre totoabas cultivadas (δ13C= -18.3±0.6 ‰, δ15N=11.7±0.7 ‰) y silvestres (δ13C= -15.3±2.4 ‰, δ15N= 21.7±3.7 ‰).
Impacto de proyectos integradores en el desarrollo de competencias transversales y evaluación entre pares
Authors: Pineda Castillo Kristian Armando , Cortés Calderón Luis Manuel , Ramírez Zavala Angélica Zaray
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el nivel de influencia de la participación de bachilleres en proyectos integradores sobre el desarrollo de competencias transversales y la evaluación entre pares. Recurrimos a la investigación-acción bajo un enfoque de métodos mixtos de tipo secuencial con análisis descriptivo y pruebas de relación de variables con la Rho de Spearman. Los resultados indicaron que existe una asociación positiva y significativa entre las variables “Desarrollo de proyecto” y “Desarrollo de competencias transversales” Rho=0.34, al igual que entre “Desarrollo de proyecto” y “Evaluación entre pares” Rho=0.26. Se concluye que, se vislumbran diversas oportunidades y desafíos que pueden influir en el desarrollo de competencias transversales y la evaluación entre pares.
The model of the development of e-sports as a sphere of the digital economy of Ukraine
Authors:   Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute named after Ferenc Rakocza II, Chizmar Ivan
Published: October 2024

This monograph is intended for teachers, graduate students, and students studying the specialties "Economics" and "Entrepreneurship and Trade", for specialists in these fields and for a wide range of readers who are interested in the problems of the formation and development of eSports as a new area of ​​the digital economy, its impact on society, as well as the prospects of using eSports as a tool for the development of the economy of Ukraine.
A Systematic Literature Review on Consultant Competencies
Authors:   The Korea Association of Education Consulting & Coaching, KAECC, Kim In-sook , Yang Ji-hee
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze previous research on consultant competencies, which has developed from various perspectives, and to suggest directions and implications for future research. Using a systematic literature review method, 42 domestic academic journal articles were selected for analysis, focusing on the publication period, journal type, keywords, and competencies required in different consulting fields.
The findings are as follows: First, research on consultant competencies was minimal before 2010 but has increased significantly since. Second, journals show that consultant competencies are needed in diverse fields, with digital technology, talent development, and convergent thinking being key. University-affiliated institutions have contributed to strengthening the theoretical foundation through various methodologies. Third, keyword analysis highlighted relationship-building skills, service quality, and knowledge as essential competencies. Fourth, the analysis identified the need for a systematic competency model, emphasizing problem-solving, communication, customer orientation, change management, and adaptability.
Based on these findings, this study highlights the need for systematic research on competencies within the consulting process from a macro perspective, while also emphasizing the importance of expanding research on consultants' intrinsic competencies from a micro perspective. Furthermore, it suggests that the application of methodologies combining various academic perspectives in a convergent approach should be expanded. This study is expected to serve as a foundational resource for future research on consultant competencies.
Limits of verbal labels in cognition: Category labels do not improve visual working memory performance for obfuscated objects
Authors: Chung Yong Hoon , Williams Lauren , Brady Timothy F. , Störmer Viola S.
Published: October 2024

Across many studies, verbal labels have been shown to significantly affect perceptual and cognitive processes. Here we ask whether verbal labels can also improve visual working memory performance by making objects more recognizable. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to remember visual details of unrecognizable shapes derived from real-world objects. Participants were either provided with category labels prior to stimulus presentation or not. We reasoned that the labels could aid object recognition, which would then help maintain them in working memory based on recent work showing that meaningful, recognizable objects are better remembered than arbitrary visual shapes. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no reliable increase in visual working memory performance when participants were given verbal labels. This pattern of results persisted across various experimental manipulations, including different methods of distorting the objects, testing label memory, and using within or between-category stimulus sets. Overall, our results indicate that category labels did not readily enhance working memory performance for obfuscated shapes that are difficult to recognize, suggesting that improving visual working memory for meaningful stimuli may depend on how the visual system reorganizes incoming visual information perceptually rather than associating visual inputs with verbal knowledge. Thus, verbal labels do not seem to have as broad and general effects on cognitive functioning as previously assumed.
Enhancing Enrollment and Adherence in Long-term Wearables Dementia Research: A Qualitative Synthesis from a Systematic Review
Authors: Peterson Colleen
Published: October 2024

Background:With the rapid expansion of wearable technologies, there is increased interest in their utility for passive data collection applications in aging research. Wearables can be specifically beneficial to research featuring people with dementia and their families who have burdens that can make both study participation and reliable data collection more difficult, especially as dementia progresses. However, population-specific issues affecting the success of wearables for data collection can include remembering to wear a device, fluctuating acceptance of the device or study participation, and reliance on strained caregivers. Better understanding of how research with wearables can address these and other issues is necessary to enhance participant buy-in and sustained wearing for better quality dementia research.Objective:We undertook a systematic evaluation of contemporary wearables research to describe this population's wearables experiences, desired qualities, and protocol needs.Methods:We used the PRISMA 2020 guide to systematic reviews and searched three scholarly databases using medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for papers published since 2018 featuring the use or discussion of wearable devices for persons with dementia. We screened 1757 abstracts and retained 58 for full-text review.Results:We present synthesized preferences, barriers, and facilitators to wearables buy-in and adherence in dementia research. A total of 29 factors were categorized into four overarching categories aligned with study development: device selection, protocol considerations, enhancing recruitment, and promoting adherence.Conclusions:These findings inform researcher guidelines for wearable device selection and protocol design to enhance the utility of wearables in future longitudinal research featuring persons with dementia and their caregivers.
Reduced distractor filtering with age: Evidence from the distractor positivity ERP
Authors: Torres Rosa E. , Salahub Christine , Campbell Karen L. , Emrich Stephen M
Published: October 2024

Previous behavioral research has demonstrated that when given positive and negative cues (i.e., cues indicating the features of upcoming targets and distractors, respectively), young and older adults are able to use this information to a similar extent. However, it is possible that older adults achieve similar behavioral performance via different neural mechanisms. The current study aimed to test this question by examining the neural underpinnings associated with effective attentional filtering across age. Young and older adults were presented with either positive (target matching), negative (distractor matching), or neutral cues, which were immediately followed by a search array where participants had to report the orientation of a search target. We found that both age groups appropriately attended to target information when given information about it in the form of a target-matching pre-cue, as indicated by faster response times (RTs) and target-processing event-related potentials (ERPs). However, older adults were not able to suppress distracting information when given a negative cue, as no distractor-positivity (PD) ERP, indicative of suppression, was observed. Additionally, when given a neutral cue, older adults’ ability to suppress distracting information was correlated to measures of inhibitory control. Thus, although young and older adults seem to use negative cues similarly at first glance, neural evidence suggests there are differences between the two age groups in their ability to suppress task-irrelevant information.
Changes in individual PTSD symptoms among youth in trauma treatment.
Authors: Harpviken Anna Naterstad , Jensen Tine K. , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Ormhaug Silje Mørup , Birkeland Marianne Skogbrott
Published: October 2024

Background: Even though evidence-based treatment is generally effective in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among youth, many still experience elevated symptoms after treatment. A better understanding of how PTSD develops through treatment can increase treatment efficiency and reduce residual symptoms. Objective: The current study investigated which PTSD symptom clusters and symptoms within these clusters that change the most and least through trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and identified common residual symptoms after treatment. Method: Latent growth curve modelling was used to identify differences in intercepts and slopes of symptoms, and residual symptoms were identified with McNemar tests in a sample of 517 youth (6 -19 years, 75.6% girls) receiving TF-CBT. Results: We found small but statistically significant differences in slopes across clusters. Avoidance both reduced the most and demonstrated most residual symptoms. Also, within clusters, many of the symptoms that reduced the most, such as psychological cue reactivity, persistent negative emotional state, and difficulties sleeping and concentrating, had the highest symptom levels at pretreatment and the most residuals posttreatment. Conclusions: Overall, symptoms of PTSD were reduced throughout TF-CBT. Symptoms that were rated highest at treatment start showed the most decrease but also tended to remain as common residuals. Symptoms such as psychological cue reactivity, persistent negative emotional state, and negative beliefs that were common residuals and are known to be central in development and maintenance of PTSD are of particular clinical relevance. Elaborate research on short-term symptom development and mechanisms of change is needed to advance the field.
Disfluency production in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during a narrative task
Authors: Bijnens Annemarie , Pistono Aurélie
Published: October 2024

Limited evidence exists on ADHD-related disfluency and lexical diversity behaviour in connected speech, although a significant number of individuals with ADHD experience language difficulties at different linguistic levels. Using a retrospective cross-sectional design with data from the Asymmetries TalkBank database, this study aims to capture differences in disfluency production and lexical diversity between children with ADHD and Typically Developing (TD) children. These measures include the frequencies of different disfluency subtypes and two lexical diversity measures, and are correlated with performance on a working memory task and a response inhibition task. Results indicate that the ADHD group produced a higher mean frequency of each disfluency type, but no differences were found to be significant. Correlation analysis revealed that filled pauses and revisions were negatively correlated with working memory and response inhibition in the ADHD group, whereas they were positively correlated with working memory performance in the TD group. This suggests that the underlying causes of disfluency differ in each group and that further research is required of speech monitoring ability in children with ADHD.
Sociodemographic predictors of engagement in an eHealth parenting program for parents with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Horn Sarah R. , McHardy Robert John Wilfred , Joyce Kayla M. , Rioux Charlie , MacKinnon Anna L. , Hai Tasmia , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Roos Leslie
Published: October 2024

Background. Electronic health (eHealth) programs are a promising avenue to enhance the accessibility of parenting interventions that aim to improve parent mental health. However, engagement in eHealth parenting programs can be variable and sociodemographic factors may help elucidate for whom there are barriers. Such work may inform specific components of future eHealth interventions and support the scalability and effectiveness of existing interventions for those experiencing barriers.Objective. The current study aims to investigate the extent to which sociodemographic factors predict various engagement metrics in a novel eHealth parenting program (The Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health [BEAM]).Methods. A secondary data analysis of engagement metrics was conducted in two separate randomized controlled trials (RCT) of the BEAM program. A total of n = 110 mothers (Mage = 31.85 years old, SDage = 4.67) of young children participated across both trials. We examined the magnitude of the relationships between sociodemographic predictors with distinct metrics of engagement.Results. Program engagement was highest in the earlier weeks of the program and declined across later weeks (β = -.16, p < .001). Older mother age positively predicted several engagement metrics, including more time watching mental health videos (β = .34, p = .010) and parenting videos (β = .34, p = .010). Higher household income positively predicted more forum page views (β = .44, p < .001), number of BEAM sessions attended (β = .30, p = .006), and more weeks of BEAM program engagement (β = .35, p < .001). First time-parents engaged in fewer program weeks (β = -.25, p = .009). Number of children in the household, employment status, and living in an urban area did not significantly predict any program engagement metrics. Conclusions. Parent engagement varied throughout the program, and it may be beneficial to specifically target mid and later program engagement for participants. First-time and low-income parents may face additional barriers in participating in eHealth programs and benefit from additional support from the intervention team to bolster engagement. Additional research will be helpful in replicating and extending these findings with larger samples to optimize program engagement.
Relational Concerns in Fairness Judgements
Authors: Deb Angarika , Heintz Christophe , h.l.walker
Published: October 2024

When people make judgments about the fairness of distributions, they do so not just as calculators of costs and benefits, but as socially situated beings who are sensitive to relevant social relationships. They understand that people play particular roles within a larger social fabric that shapes their identities and expectations, and that their self image is affected by appraisals of how well (or not) they perform these roles. We designate here as relational concerns the considerations that arise from these roles and relationships, and study how they affect judgments of fairness. A series of vignette studies is used to explore how relational concerns compare with the impartial principles of equity and equality that fairness is commonly held to entail. We provide evidence that for participants based in the UK and in India, relational concerns are important for judging the fairness of distributions where people coordinate around shared goals. We also show that relational concerns may vary across cultural communities.
Guess quality moderates how semantic relatedness influences the pretesting effect
Authors: Taggett Jacinda , Ranganath Charan , Antony James W , Liu Xiaonan
Published: October 2024

Students are often taught that testing themselves will help them retain new material. Less well known, however, is that testing oneself before learning can also produce benefits (the “pretesting effect”). Prior studies have indicated that the semantic relatedness between the provided information (cue) and the answer (target) may be critical for this effect. Here, we investigated this by measuring the trifold relationship between cue, target, and guess using continuous relatedness measures. In Experiment 1, participants learned cue-target word pairs by studying or generating guesses based on the cue word before taking a test on both cue-target pairs and the original cue-guess combinations. We found a robust difference in accuracy favoring pretesting over studying, regardless of cue-target relatedness. In Experiment 2, we further examined if errorless generation contributed to the pretesting effect by adding a condition in which cue and target were present, but subjects still generated a related word. Cue-target memory was better in both the pretesting and generation conditions than the study condition. In both studies, while cue-target relatedness benefitted accuracy overall, these benefits did not interact with pretesting or generation pair conditions. Importantly, we observed an interaction between the cue-target semantic relatedness and guess-target semantic relatedness only in the pretesting condition, demonstrating a benefit for (incidentally) high relatedness between guesses and targets when cue-target relatedness was low and an impairment when cue-target relatedness was high, likely reflecting interference between target and guess. Our results illuminate the importance of considering guess quality in uncovering the mechanisms in pretesting.
Correlations, Regressions and Structural Equation Modeling. An application to experimental philosophy of free will
Authors: Cova Florian
Published: October 2024

Do people have the intuition that free will and moral responsibility are compatible with determinism? To find out, experimental philosophers have presented participants with vignettes describing agents in deterministic universes and probed their intuitions about the free will and moral responsibility of these agents. However, these debates soon got embroiled around the difficulty of assessing whether participants correctly understood the vignettes and the concepts of determinism and free will, and the extent to which different comprehension errors plagued participants’ answers. In this chapter, we clarify those debates by using the results of a brand new study (N = 772) on participants’ intuitions about free will. We introduce readers to correlations, regressions, multiple regressions, mediation analyses, and multiple mediation analyses through the use of structural equation modeling to show how different techniques may give different interpretations of folk intuitions on free will. We explain how to run these different analyses in R and provide detailed R code.
Investigation of the Use of Computer-aided Translation (CAT) Tools in Freelancing Practice in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althbaity Shuaa Hamad
Published: October 2024

To cope with large information content in today’s multilingual Saudi Arabia, translation services are essential. Like any other industry, translation practice was heavily affected by technological advances. Professionals in the translation field use technology like Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) tools to complete their translation tasks. Freelance translators are not exempt from this. This study examines the utilization of CAT tools in the freelance industry in Saudi Arabia. Fulford and Granell-Zafra (2005) have proposed a model that incorporates both information and Communication Technology (ICTs)and CAT tools, facilitating a diverse array of activities such as document creation, information search and retrieval, communication, business management, marketing, procurement, and translation. While CAT tools support document creation, business management, and translation, ICT tools are responsible for the remaining activates . This research aims to thoroughly analyze the characteristics of Saudi freelance translators who use CAT tools, evaluate their usage of CAT tools, and acquire valuable insights into their overall attitudes towards CAT tool. The data was gathered using the survey method and distributed among 98 Saudi freelance translators. The data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive analysis and frequency tables showing percentages of each respondent. The results show that Saudi freelance translators employed general-purpose software like MS Word and MS PowerPoint, whereas less interest was given to special-purpose software which represent CAT tools . The vast majority of the participants agreed on the positive effect of CAT tools. Finally,it may be beneficial to conduct further research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Code-Switching in a Legal English Class for Egyptian Learners: A Conversation Analysis Case Study
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Dooly Melinda , Bakri Ola
Published: October 2024

This article addresses how code-switching facilitates language acquisition in an online legal English classroom for Arabic-speaking learners. The study aims to describe and analyze the use of code-switching as a facilitative resource for second language acquisition, particularly within the context of the online classroom. The article holds significance in two key areas: first, it contributes to the existing literature on code-switching between Arabic and English in language learning contexts. Second, it addresses a gap in research by focusing on an underexplored context: online legal English classes for Arabic-speaking learners, a topic which has not been widely researched. Applying Conversation Analysis to fragments from the online class, the findings reveal that code-switching serves as a vital resource for learners in comprehending complex legal concepts by drawing on their first language (L1) knowledge (in this case, Arabic). It also facilitates word searching, collaborative learning, and effective negotiation of meaning, aiding in the overall second language (L2) acquisition process.
Twitter Dreams of AI: Understanding AI Futurity Through Sentence Embeddings
Authors: ZHANG STEPHANIE
Published: October 2024

I utilize a novel approach to computational text analysis, Sentence BERT (SBERT) to examine Twitter (now known as X) discourse around AI. As AI becomes increasingly prevalent, use, conflict and development have progressed rapidly, generating a boom in dialogue regarding what a future with AI could potentially look like. I examine discourse on AI in relation to notions of futurity and expertise. While these have been studied qualitatively through analysis of government memos and news media, cutting edge innovation discussed on social media that has not garnered mainstream attention remains understudied. As utilized by cultural sociologists, computational text analysis offers new possibilities in the study of meanings and framings. However, short texts remain understudied due to limitations in existing methods and approaches. I contend that short text limitations can be overcome by focusing on the meaning of sentences as opposed to the meaning of words and I demonstrate the utility of such an approach through two-stage topic modeling in my study of AI, particularly around how notions of futurity and domain-specific expertise are operationalized. This project demonstrates how AI has reshaped notions of expertise with a focus on medicine and ethics amidst new and contested understandings of what a future with AI looks like.
Exploring ESL Learners’ Reading Strategies Based on the Theory of Reciprocal Determinism
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Leong Irene Yoke Chu , Singh* Kuldip Kaur Maktiar , Yeap Chun Keat , Vijayarajoo Angeline Ranjethamoney
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between reading strategies and Bandura’s (1986) theory of Reciprocal Determinism. Previous research acknowledged the concept of Reciprocal Determinism as an effective teaching approach, however, limited research has been done to consider how reading is influenced by learners’ personal factors, behavior and environment. Based on four Research Questions, the study explores the perceived use of reading strategies by 225 undergraduates who completed a critical reading course at a local university. These learners of English as a Second Language responded to an online questionnaire adapted from Mokhtari and Sheorey’s (2002) Survey of Reading Strategies. Based on the learners’ ratings of the reading strategies, namely Global Reading Strategies, Problem-Solving Strategies and Support Strategies, the findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the learners’ perceived use of reading strategies and the three factors of Reciprocal Determinism, namely Personal Factors, Behaviour and Environment indicating a cyclical effect that infuences learners’ reading comprehension. This exploration of reading strategies through this theory has pedagogical implications on how reading is taught to scaffold and help learners increase metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy. Overall, this study contributes to a further understanding of the importance of taking into account the three factors in a reading environment and the relationship between reading strategies and RD. Future studies could be an extension of how the cyclical effects of Reciprocal Determinism and reading strategies could be strategically integrated into the teaching of skilled and unskilled readers and in other learning domains
Affective Factors of Emotional Intelligence in Learning English among Saudi Female EFL Students
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Owaidah Abrar A.
Published: October 2024

This research study aimed to investigate how and what are the affective factors, main challenges, and recommendations among Saudi female EFL students in developing emotional intelligence for learning English. The study used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 80 participants, which were then analyzed using statistical methods. The results showed that higher levels of EI were positively correlated with better English language proficiency. The study also found that certain affective factors, such as empathy, self-awareness, and emotional regulation, were particularly important in predicting ELL outcomes. The different affective factors are assessed on different grading scales. Considering the statistical analysis, it could be determined that factors related to the English language, such as social skills, motivation (both intrinsic and extrinsic), emotional regulation, effective communication, empathy, self-confidence, self- and cultural awareness, and resilience, have a positive and affirmative influence on the beliefs of English language learners. On the other hand, when analyzing the main challenges faced by Saudi female EFL students in developing emotional intelligence for learning English a majority of students favored that it is challenging to use EI to manage stress and emotions while learning a second language. Therefore, cultivating EL could maintain motivation and enthusiasm for learning English. The study pointed out that learning a second language is a challenging task, and it becomes even more difficult when one has to navigate and adapt to cultural differences. The study strongly favored the integration of the affective factors in teaching as well. Research suggested that a supportive and encouraging environment, positive feedback and constructive criticism could enhance the EI of Saudi female EFL students learning English. With the use of EI, students felt supported and encouraged, and they were more likely to feel confident in their abilities and take risks in their language learning.
Visualization Analysis of Research on Self-mention WE: Current Status and Future Trends (2008-2022)
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Zhou Yaru , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2024

This study examines the significance and trends of WE as the most frequently used self-mention in academic writing, highlighting its role in identity construction and academic discourse within English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The main research question addresses the current usage patterns and future directions of WE in scholarly articles. Drawing from the Web of Science Core Collection, 117 papers published between 2008 and 2022 were analyzed using VOSviewer. The findings reveal evolving patterns in the use of WE, offering new insights into self-mention practices in international academic contexts.
Forum 62: Humans and Other Species
Authors: Varvara Baholdina , Blanchette Alex , Bogdanova Elena , Fedotova Anastasia , Ferret Carole , Helfant Ian , Hersey Mark , Kalinin Stepan , Keck Frederic , Korovkina Olga , Korshunkov Vladimir , Kosheleva Olga , Krylova Katya , Anna Mazanik Anna , Mefed Mark , Meijer Eva , Mondry Henrietta , Nikiforova Elena , Novick Tamar , Petryakov Stepan , Pirogovskaya Maria , Podgorny Irina , Pugina Milena , Rakhmanova Lidiya , Sanbonmatsu John , Shanina Julia , Sivkov Denis , Sokolivskiy Sergei , Swanson Drew , Terekhina Alexandra , Varfolomeeva Anna , Vinarski Maxim , Vinokurov Grigorij , Volkovitskiy Alexandr , Zakharova Aleksandra , Zaporozhets Oksana
Published: October 2024

Studies of more-than-human sociality in general, and multispecies ethnography in particular, are becoming an increasingly popular trend in global (social, human, and transdisciplinary) scholarship. In the current forum, researchers from various disciplines discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of this trend. They also share their thoughts on why multispecies research has (or has not) an appeal in Russian academia and what the future may hold for it. The discussion addresses the key issues of the origin of this trend and its distinctive vocabulary; the subject and object problem; the search for an appropriate methodology and elaborating a scholarly narrative; interdisciplinarity and the relationship between political activism and research.
“Snake” Plants in Russian Dialects
Authors: Kolosova Valeria
Published: October 2024

The article observes a group of Russian dialect phytonyms formed from the words meaning ‘snake’, ‘grass snake’, and ‘viper’. Its purpose is to analyse the motivational features of the plants and determine the plants most often associated with snakes and the most frequent phytonyms. The lexemes for the analysis were taken from Russian dialect dictionaries and specialised phytonymic dictionaries. The unit of analysis is the “phytonym — plant” pair (176 pairs in total). Where possible, the geographical tags were given at the uezd / district level. Latin scientific names are reduced to a single nomenclature. The most common plant features from which the names are derived are: use in folk medicine, shape of the plant’s organs, the plant’s habitat, its toxicity, and its colour. A small number of phytonyms are explained by folkloric texts. Among the phytonyms, the composite zmeinaia / zmeeva trava is the most common; zmeevka and zmeevik are the next. Common bistort, broadleaf speedwell, heath spotted-orchid, and lakeshore bulrush are most often associated with the snake. The article argues the advantages of a comprehensive phytonym analysis. It allows developing hypotheses about plant identification. The article contains three diagrams: “Plants nomination bases”, “The most frequent phytonyms” and “Plants”.
A Review of Sophie Chao, In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings in West Papua. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2022, 336 pp.
Authors: Petryakov Stepan
Published: October 2024

The book examines the spread of African oil palm plantations in West Papua. The process of expansion of a commodity monoculture grown for the global market is situated in the context of the ontology of the Papuan Marind people. The author argues that plantation cultivation of an invasive species leads not only to dispossession and environmental degradation, but also transforms the ontological order of indigenous people. The oil palm penetrates not only into the ecology and economy of the region, but also occupies a significant place in the spatial and temporal imagination of the Marind. Following the figurative language of the indigenous people, the author creates her own narrative through contrasting the authentic ways of Marind existence with the exploitative logic of agribusiness. At the beginning, Chao claims to be conducting multi-species and ontological ethnography, but her work is nevertheless close to the structuralist approach in anthropology.
A Review of Ryan Tucker Jones, Red Leviathan: The Secret History of Soviet Whaling. Chicago, IL; London: University of Chicago Press, 2022, 269 pp.
Authors: Kraikovski Alexei
Published: October 2024

The book is dedicated to the history of Soviet whaling and traces it from prehistory, dating back to pre-Petrine times, to the ban on whaling at the end of the Soviet period. The author constructs an impressive narrative, aiming to demonstrate the connection between the formation, development, and decline of the Soviet social, political and economic system as a whole, and the development of whaling. He presents this story as the result of rather complex interactions between the various groups of actors involved, including the whales themselves, which to a certain extent were able to exercise their own agency in conditions where they were being hunted on a massive scale.
A Review of Franz Krause, Thinking Like a River: An Anthropology of Water and Its Uses Along the Kemi River, Northern Finland. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2023, 292 pp.
Authors: Gavrilova Kseniia
Published: October 2024

Thinking Like a River by Franz Krause presents an environmental, economic, and social research on historic development and the current state of the river Kemi of Lapland, Northern Finland. The study builds on research agenda and methodology of environmental history alongside theoretical framework devised by an anthropologist Tim Ingold. The opening ethnographic sections of the book address the settlement process in the region, formation of private economies of the local households, and the role of the river as a space-maker that underlies the toponymic system of the region. The detailed ethnography of fishing and boating activities of the local population is followed by the study of the road system that replaced boating along the river as a dominant way of getting around. Besides being an ‘integrator’ of the catchment area, the KemiRiver has been acting as a tool for facilitating resource extraction from the region. Throughout the 20th century, the river was used by the state and companies approved by the state as an infrastructure for transportation of timber and production of hydroelectricity. Throughout the book the life of the Kemi catchment area is consistently described in terms of ‘flows’, ‘rhythms’ and ‘resonances’. This analytical framework allows Krause to conceptualize the river dwellers’ world as a landscape (‘taskscape’) of resonating rhythms produced by both humans and non-human entities. For example, meteorological conditions resonate with the movement of fish, with the choice of a way and means of transport, with the control over river discharge and long-term plans of the hydroelectric company.
Un instrumento de justicia social para los centros y programas de escritura: el uso de conversaciones para apoyar la diversidad lingüística y la inclusión
Authors: Rafoth Ben
Published: October 2024

¿Qué diferencia hace la tutoría y la enseñanza de la escritura en el mundo caótico y alrevesado de hoy, donde las soluciones a los problemas de justicia, diversidad e inclusión parecen estar mucho más allá de nuestro alcance? La respuesta está en el poder de la conversación y en la capacidad de los profesores y tutores para construir relaciones con sus alumnos que les inculquen valores esenciales para un mundo mejor, como el respeto, la dignidad, la curiosidad y la verdad. Los profesores y tutores de escritura utilizan conversaciones basadas en el respeto y la dignidad para ayudar a los estudiantes a pensar críticamente, ampliando así su curiosidad y examinando sus creencias. Se les puede escuchar decir: “¿crees que algunas personas podrían estar en desacuerdo contigo y qué dirían?” o “¿cuáles son algunas excepciones a la afirmación que propones como tesis?”. En las aulas y los centros de escritura, las conversaciones tienen el potencial de cambiar los corazones y las mentes cada vez que los estudiantes aprenden a escuchar con una mente abierta o a cuestionar las suposiciones. Sócrates nos lo enseñó hace 2,500 años: el diálogo entre una persona y otra es la herramienta de enseñanza más eficaz de todos los tiempos.
Después de la tormenta: los efectos de las elecciones de 2024
Authors: Rosiles Salas Javier
Published: October 2024

En el presente artículo se examinan tres aspectos que destacan como consecuencias de las elecciones desarrolladas en junio de 2024 en México. El primero es el triunfo contundente de la llamada Cuarta Transformación en las urnas, con el que Claudia Sheinbaum, la candidata oficialista, alcanzó incluso un respaldo mayor que el que tuvo en su momento el líder del movimiento, el presidente saliente Andrés Manuel López Obrador. El segundo son los diques de contención a Morena y sus aliados que fue capaz de establecer la oposición en por lo menos ocho entidades federativas. Y, finalmente, se da cuenta de la fragilidad opositora a partir de dos indicadores contundentes: la pérdida de registro del PRD como partido nacional y la configuración del Poder Legislativo como resultado de los comicios y los mecanismos electorales que favorecen al partido ganador y sus aliados.
EXPLORING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN PRESERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION IN AFRICA: PROSPECTS, CHALLENGES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Thandi Ngema  , Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani
Published: October 2024

Digital transformation is reshaping pre-service teacher education globally, with significant implications for Africa. This study explores the prospects and challenges of integrating digital technologies into African pre-service teacher education, examining its impact on sustainable lifelong learning. A systematic literature review method was used to analyse research published between 2020 and 2024, identifying key trends, barriers, and opportunities. The findings highlight the potential of digital tools to enhance educational resources, innovative teaching methods, and collaborative learning environments. However, challenges such as inadequate technological infrastructure, digital literacy gaps, and institutional resistance hinder effective implementation. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Lifelong Learning Framework provide theoretical underpinnings, offering insights into technology adoption and continuous professional development. This study presents strategic recommendations for policymakers, educational institutions, and stakeholders to address these challenges and leverage digital transformation for improved educational outcomes. The implications for sustainable lifelong learning emphasise the importance of ongoing professional development and adaptability in the evolving educational landscape. By addressing the identified barriers and implementing targeted interventions, Africa can harness the benefits of digital transformation in preservice teacher education, ultimately contributing to developing a more equitable and effective education system.