bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement in the nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoprisms through graphene oxide anchoring
Authors: Ummer Fadeela Chundekatt , Yuan Hao , Russier-Antoine Isabelle , Rondepierre Fabien , Brevet Pierre-François , Mignon Pierre , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Antoine Rodolphe
Published: January 2025

Nanocomposites consisting of citrate-passivated silver nanoprisms anchored electrostatically and covalently on graphene oxide sheets were produced. The formed hybrid nanocomposites exhibit enhanced nonlinear optical properties.
Enhanced light harvesting in lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Duan Yanyan , Li Jiangning , Wang Biao , Li Qiong , Wu Zhiheng , Mao Jing , Zhang Wei , Shao Guosheng , shen yonglong
Published: January 2025

Lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess unique environmental-friendly and stable attributes. However, the wide bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 weakens the light capture capability, thus limiting the improvement in power...
Retraction: Photocatalytic activation and utilization of CO2 for N-formylation of amines promoted by a zinc(ii) phthalocyanine grafted on g-carbon nitride hybrid
Authors: Malik Anil , Prajapati Pankaj Kumar , Abraham B. Moses , Bhatt Sakshi , Basyach Purashri , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Photocatalytic activation and utilization of CO2 for N-formylation of amines promoted by a zinc(ii) phthalocyanine grafted on g-carbon nitride hybrid’ by Anil Malik et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2022, 12, 2688–2702, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CY02286E.
‘Why would you want to study politics? Everyone knows what that is.’ The case for the teaching of political science in the UK
Authors: Honeyman Victoria C.
Published: January 2025

Many subjects within the arts, humanities and social sciences are judged harshly by some within society, particularly those who believe that they lack the heft and intrinsic usefulness of the hard sciences. Rishi Sunak, the former British Prime Minister, implied the primacy of maths within the subject hierarchy when he argued it should be privileged amongst subjects by being taught to all students in the UK in some format until they were 18. He also implied within this that some students were taking other subjects rather than maths and that this was detrimental to British business, although it was not stated so overtly (Sunak, 17th April 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-outlines-his-vision-for-maths-to-18). The necessity of social sciences, particularly Political Science within the UK context will be discussed in this paper. Political Science as a subject area has always been viewed with some suspicion by those who fear the education of individuals on the mechanisms of power within a nation and those who confuse education with indoctrination. This fear has, yet again, become a prevailing concern in many countries and this paper will explore that concern. It will conclude that the social sciences and humanities perform a vital role within society and academia and the elevation or denigration of subjects focusing on contentious issues should not be tolerated when driven by political expediency or the desire of some to close down debate.
A real-time monitoring method of potential-induced degradation shunts for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Xi Xi , Sun Qiyan , Shao Jianbo , Liu Guilin , Yang Guofeng , Zhu Bingjie , Peng Meilin , Wang Qiqi , Zhang Meiling , Huang Meixian , Liu Zhipeng
Published: January 2025

Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a significant factor influencing the reliability of crystalline silicon solar cell modules. In this study, a novel PID test method with a real-time monitor was presented to characterize the PID loss of silicon solar cells. Meanwhile, an equivalent circuit model was established to simulate the PID process and investigate the PID mechanisms. Also, an electric field treatment platform was built to perform PID treatment. Initial I–V curves and electroluminescence images were measured to calculate several essential parameters, such as a PID area factor (Apid/Acell). Then, the degradation ratio of solar cells under high-potential conditions was determined based on the area factor, revealing a strong correlation between the degradation ratio and shunt resistance. Several parameters within an equivalent model were used to calculate the degradation ratio. Subsequently, the degradation ratio calculated from the real-time monitoring method was compared with the power conversion efficiency degradation ratio from the I–V curves, verifying its feasibility and reliability. Additionally, novel PID method proposed in this study significantly reduced the treatment time from 96 to 2 h. The introduction of a real-time monitoring technique for PID testing of solar cells is expected to significantly improve the measurement efficiency of PID and provide novel insight and technical support for in-depth PID research.
Study on the influence of coal thickness on the mechanics and acoustic emission characteristics of gas-bearing coal and rock mass
Authors: Duan Minke , Lu Meijuan , Ban Ruiqi , Cheng Anqi , Yang Ke , Tang Jinzhou , Guo Chenye
Published: January 2025

The thickness of coal seam has an important influence on the energy accumulation and release of coal–rock combination and the failure mode of coal–rock. The mechanical and acoustic emission (the manuscript is hereinafter referred to as AE) properties of coal–rock combination with different coal seam thickness are also very different. To study the influence of coal seam thickness on the AE characteristics of gas-bearing coal–rock combination during its fracture process, the coal–rock combination sample of a coal mine in Majiatan Town, Lingwu City, Ningxia Province, was taken as the research object. The self-developed gas-bearing coal–rock mechanical testing machine was used to carry out the mechanical and AE tests of gas-bearing coal–rock combination with different coal seam thicknesses. The stress–strain, failure mode, AE, damage, and energy characteristics of gas-bearing coal–rock combination with different coal seam thicknesses were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) With the increase in the thickness of the coal seam in the combination, its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity decrease by 85.77% and 83.05%, respectively; (2) the thickness of coal seam in gas-bearing coal–rock combination has a significant influence on the cumulative ringing count and cumulative energy of AE during the fracture process. The thickness of coal seam is positively correlated with the cumulative count of AE, but negatively correlated with the cumulative energy of AE, the cumulative AE energy decreases from 3.1 × 104 to 5.1 × 103 mv ms, a decrease in 83.72%; (3) based on the pre-peak damage variable of AE cumulative ring count, the damage evolution process of the sample is described. Under uniaxial compression, the damage evolution of the gas-bearing coal–rock combination has a good correspondence with the stress–strain curve; (4) the total input energy and total elastic energy decrease nonlinearly with the increase in coal seam thickness, and the elastic energy density decreases by 94.47%, and the proportion of elastic energy density in the input energy density is always high.
Prediction and optimization of acoustic absorption performance of quasi-Helmholtz acoustic metamaterials based on LightGBM algorithm
Authors: Xu Jianxin , Mao Weikang , Yu Xiaoqian , Liu Bingfei
Published: January 2025

Optimization of acoustic metamaterial structures and prediction of acoustic absorption properties have received much attention in various fields. This thesis aims to optimize and predict the acoustic absorption performance of quasi-Helmholtz acoustic metamaterials by using LightGBM algorithm in machine learning. In this study, the hole diameter, hole neck length, pore wall thickness, cavity wall thickness, and inner cavity depth of the quasi-Helmholtz acoustic metamaterial are selected as the characteristic factors, and the peak absorption coefficient of the quasi-Helmholtz acoustic metamaterial tended to be close to 1 and the minimum frequency of the peak sound absorption was selected as the optimization objectives. The data of sound absorption coefficients and frequencies under different structural parameters were obtained through COMSOL acoustic simulation, and the corresponding datasets were constructed accordingly. The data were then trained using the LightGBM model, and the prediction model was evaluated to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the adopted machine learning method. The results were interpreted using the Shapley additive explanations model to explore the potential relationship between the characterized factors and the target variables. In this paper, by analyzing the model interpretation and optimization results, the optimal values of each parameter are obtained to satisfy the optimization requirements. The results of this study show that the acoustic performance of quasi-Helmholtz acoustic metamaterials can be predicted and optimized using machine learning methods. The study in this paper combines the method of machine learning with acoustic problems to provide a fast method for predicting the absorption performance of acoustic metamaterials.
PVC/MXene electrospun film triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient mechanical energy harvesting and multifunctional human motion sensing
Authors: Liu Lina , Zhu Weiqiu , Ma Haotian , Zhou Junyu
Published: January 2025

Wearable devices for human motion monitoring have garnered significant attention in recent years. In this work, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/MXene electrospun film-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PM-TENG) was developed for efficient mechanical energy harvesting. Using PVC/MXene as the negative triboelectric material and aluminum foil as the positive material, the PM-TENG exhibits significantly enhanced triboelectric performance, achieving a 325% increase in open-circuit voltage, a 490% increase in short-circuit current, and a 225% increase in transferred charge compared to pure PVC. These enhancements are attributed to MXene’s high conductivity, large surface area, and excellent charge trapping capabilities. The PM-TENG delivers a maximum power output of 4.94 mW at an optimal load resistance of 10 MΩ and boasts a high power density of 4.94 mW/cm2, outperforming existing triboelectric devices. It also demonstrates excellent environmental durability, stability, and multifunctional sensing capabilities, including monitoring physiological signals and biomechanical movements, making it a promising candidate for self-powered wearable sensors, energy harvesting, gesture recognition, and healthcare applications. This research highlights the potential of PM-TENG as high-performance, self-powered systems for energy harvesting and multifunctional sensing, paving the way for advancements in wearable electronics, health monitoring, and sustainable energy solutions.
Action potential–independent spontaneous microdomain Ca
2+
transients–mediated continuous neurotransmission regulates hyperalgesia
Authors: Zhang Zhuoyu , Yao Jingyu , Huo Jingxiao , Wang Ruolin , Duan Xueting , Chen Yang , Xu Huadong , Wang Changhe , Chai Zuying , Huang Rong
Published: January 2025

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can be released via either action potential (AP)–evoked transient or AP-independent continuous neurotransmission. The elevated AP-evoked neurotransmission in the primary sensory neurons plays crucial roles in hyperalgesia. However, whether and how the AP-independent continuous neurotransmission contributes to hyperalgesia remains largely unknown. Here, we show that primary sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons exhibit frequent spontaneous microdomain Ca
2+
(smCa) activities independent of APs across the cell bodies and axons, which are mediated by the spontaneous opening of TRPA1 channels and trigger continuous neurotransmission via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. More importantly, the frequency of smCa activity and its triggered continuous neurotransmission in DRG neurons increased dramatically in mice experiencing inflammatory pain, inhibition of which alleviates hyperalgesia. Collectively, this work revealed the AP-independent continuous neurotransmission triggered by smCa activities in DRG neurons, which may serve as a unique mechanism underlying the nociceptive sensitization in hyperalgesia and offer a potential target for the treatment of chronic pain.
Precision data-driven modeling of cortical dynamics reveals person-specific mechanisms underpinning brain electrophysiology
Authors: Singh Matthew F. , Braver Todd S. , Cole Michael , Ching ShiNung
Published: January 2025

Task-free brain activity affords unique insight into the functional structure of brain network dynamics and has been used to identify neural markers of individual differences. In this work, we present an algorithmic optimization framework that directly inverts and parameterizes brain-wide dynamical-systems models involving hundreds of interacting neural populations, from single-subject M/EEG time-series recordings. This technique provides a powerful neurocomputational tool for interrogating mechanisms underlying individual brain dynamics (“precision brain models”) and making quantitative predictions. We extensively validate the models’ performance in forecasting future brain activity and predicting individual variability in key M/EEG metrics. Last, we demonstrate the power of our technique in resolving individual differences in the generation of alpha and beta-frequency oscillations. We characterize subjects based upon model attractor topology and a dynamical-systems mechanism by which these topologies generate individual variation in the expression of alpha vs. beta rhythms. We trace these phenomena back to global variation in excitatory–inhibitory balance, highlighting the explanatory power of our framework to generate mechanistic insights.
Is commenting an expositive illocutionary act?
Authors: Sbisà Marina
Published: January 2025

The paper outlines an analysis of the act of commenting within the author’s Austin-inspired speech-act theoretical framework. The general lines of that framework are concisely expounded, and it is suggested that the act of commenting should be described as belonging to Austin’s Expositives. The preliminary problem whether the act of commenting is illocutionary at all (given the absence of a performative use of the verb “to comment”) is discussed, and it is argued that nothing stands in the way of analyzing it as illocutionary. Some difficulties that can be found in dealing with commenting as an illocutionary act, concerning the variable linguistic form and the diversity of functions of the utterances that can be taken to be comments, are illustrated and discussed within the theoretical framework adopted. The characterization of commenting as having (among others) also a specifically expositive illocutionary effect is illustrated. Finally, some open problems worthy of further discussion are highlighted.
White paper and roadmap for quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger era
Authors: Alves Batista R , Amelino-Camelia G , Boncioli D , Carmona J M , di Matteo A , Gubitosi G , Lobo I , Mavromatos N E , Pfeifer C , Rubiera-Garcia D , Saridakis E N , Terzić T , Vagenas E C , Vargas Moniz P , Abdalla H , Adamo M , Addazi A , Anagnostopoulos F K , Antonelli V , Asorey M , Ballesteros A , Basilakos S , Benisty D , Boettcher M , Bolmont J , Bonilla A , Bosso P , Bouhmadi-López M , Burderi L , Campoy-Ordaz A , Caroff S , Cerci S , Cortes J L , D’Esposito V , Das S , de Cesare M , Demirci M , Di Lodovico F , Di Salvo T , Diego J M , Djordjevic G S , Domi A , Ducobu L , Escamilla-Rivera C , Fabiano G , Fernández-Silvestre D , Franchino-Viñas S A , Frassino A M , Frattulillo D , Gaug M , Gergely L Á , Guendelman E I , Guetta D , Gutierrez-Sagredo I , He P , Heefer S , Jurić T , Katori T , Kowalski-Glikman J , Lambiase G , Levi Said J , Li C , Li H , Luciano G G , Ma B-Q , Marciano A , Martinez M , Mazumdar A , Menezes G , Mercati F , Minic D , Miramonti L , Mitsou V A , Mustamin M F , Navas S , Olmo G J , Oriti D , Övgün A , Pantig R C , Parvizi A , Pasechnik R , Pasic V , Petruzziello L , Platania A , Rasouli S M M , Rastgoo S , Relancio J J , Rescic F , Reyes M A , Rosati G , Sakallı İ , Salamida F , Sanna A , Staicova D , Strišković J , Sunar Cerci D , Torri M D C , Vigliano A , Wagner F , Wallet J-C , Wojnar A , Zarikas V , Zhu J , Zornoza J D
Published: January 2025

The unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity has long been elusive. Only recently have empirical predictions of various possible theories of quantum gravity been put to test, where a clear signal of quantum properties of gravity is still missing. The dawn of multi-messenger high-energy astrophysics has been tremendously beneficial, as it allows us to study particles with much higher energies and travelling much longer distances than possible in terrestrial experiments, but more progress is needed on several fronts. A thorough appraisal of current strategies and experimental frameworks, regarding quantum gravity phenomenology, is provided here. Our aim is twofold: a description of tentative multimessenger explorations, plus a focus on future detection experiments. As the outlook of the network of researchers that formed through the COST Action CA18108 ‘Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach (QG-MM)’, in this work we give an overview of the desiderata that future theoretical frameworks, observational facilities, and data-sharing policies should satisfy in order to advance the cause of quantum gravity phenomenology.
Constraining modified gravity models through strong lensing cosmography
Authors: Amante Mario H , Lizardo Andrés , Chagoya Javier , Ortiz C
Published: January 2025

We analyze cosmography as a tool to constrain modified gravity theories. We take four distinct models and obtain their parameters in terms of the cosmographic parameters favored by observational data of strong gravitational lensing. We contrast with the values obtained by direct comparison between each model and the observational data. In general, we find consistency between the two approaches at 2σ for all models considered in this work. Our study bridges the gap between theoretical predictions of modified gravity and empirical observations of strong gravitational lensing, providing a simple methodology to test the validity of these models.
Inhibitory effect of streamer discharge on the local recurrence of B16F10 melanoma tumor in mice
Authors: Ito Ryuichiro , Sumitomo Ryota , Iizawa Misa , Yanai Hideyuki , Ono Ryo
Published: January 2025

Plasma-based cancer therapy presents a novel approach to treating oncologic diseases. One promising application is post-surgical plasma treatment to reduce the risk of local recurrence after tumor resection. However, a major challenge in the post-surgical treatment using plasma is the limited experimental evidence. This study provides in vivo evidence demonstrating that streamer discharge can significantly reduce the local recurrence rate of B16F10 melanoma tumors in mice. Ten-minute treatments of tumor resection sites reduced the recurrence rate by approximately 50%. No significant abnormalities related to plasma treatment were observed throughout the experiments. The cytotoxic effect of streamer discharge was also demonstrated in vitro, where apoptosis and necrosis were observed in B16F10 cells.
Direct evidence of V-V dimers existing in the metallic-phase of VO2
Authors: Park Young-Woo , Hwang In-Hui , Han Sang-Wook
Published: January 2025

We utilized EXAFS at the V K-edge to measure V-V distances of VO2 from 40 to 110 °C. The DC resistance was simultaneously measured with EXAFS. Results showed structural and metal-insulator phase transitions at 70 °C and 75 °C, respectively. Below 70 °C, the interatomic distances of V-V pairs were around 2.65 Å and 3.01 Å in the insulating phase, changing to about 2.85 Å and 3.02 Å in the metallic phase, respectively. V-V dimers persisted even at 110 °C. VO2 maintained the M1 phase from 40 to 110 °C, with some changes in local structural properties like distances and Debye-Waller factors of atomic pairs with temperature.
Automated system for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis using crackle analysis in recorded lung sounds based on iterative envelope mean fractal dimension filter
Authors: Pal Ravi , Barney Anna , Sgalla Giacomo , Walsh Simon L F , Sverzellati Nicola , Fletcher Sophie , Cerri Stefania , Cannesson Maxime , Richeldi Luca
Published: January 2025

Objective. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) often experience long waits before getting a correct diagnosis, and this delay in reaching specialized care is associated with increased mortality, regardless of the severity of the disease. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of PF can potentially extend life expectancy and maintain a better quality of life. Crackles present in the recorded lung sounds may be crucial for the early diagnosis of PF. Approach. This paper describes an automated system for differentiating lung sounds related to PF from other pathological lung conditions using the average number of crackles per breath cycle (NOC/BC). The system is divided into four main parts: (1) pre-processing, (2) separation of crackles from normal breath sounds using the iterative envelope mean fractal dimension filter, (3) crackle verification and counting, and (4) estimating NOC/BC. The system was tested on a dataset consisting of 48 (24 fibrotic and 24 non-fibrotic) subjects and the results were compared with an assessment by two expert respiratory physicians. The set of high-resolution computed tomography images, reviewed by two expert radiologists for the presence or absence of PF, was used as the ground truth for evaluating the PF and non-PF classification performance of the system. Main results. The overall performance of the automatic classifier based on receiver operating curve-derived cut-off value for average NOC/BC of 18.65 (AUC = 0.845, 95% CI 0.739–0.952, p < 0.001; sensitivity = 91.7%; specificity = 59.3%) compares favourably with the averaged performance of the physicians (sensitivity = 83.3%; specificity = 56.25%). Significance. Although radiological assessment should remain the gold standard for diagnosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), the automatic classification system has strong potential for diagnostic support, especially in assisting general practitioners in the auscultatory assessment of lung sounds to prompt further diagnostic work up of patients with suspect of ILD.
Study of the effect of circular p-GaN gate on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Zhu Yanxu , Wang Yuhan , Luo Dan , Yang Xiaolong , Li Qian , Fei Baoliang , Gong Yanfei
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we use Silvaco-ATLAS two-dimensional numerical simulation to calculate the performance of two different circular-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT device models. The influence of the special circular-gate structure on the DC characteristics of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT device is studied and compared with that of conventional devices. Compared with conventional, the threshold voltage of the drain-center and source-center circular-gate devices increased from 1.1 V to 1.5 V, while the transconductance improved from 245 mS mm−1 to 328 mS mm−1 and 285 mS mm−1 respectively. In the on-state of devices, the maximum saturation output current increased from 536 mA mm−1 to 620 mA mm−1 and 650 mA mm−1 . Furthermore, the breakdown voltage of the source-center circular-gate device rose from 765 V to 870 V compared to conventional devices; however, for the drain-center circular-gate device it was only at 685 V due to concentrated electric fields outside the drain region—this limitation can be effectively addressed by increasing the drain area. Simulation results demonstrate that circular-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices can avoid edge effects, improve electric field distribution, and alleviate self-heating effects.
Design of NI HTS solenoid for PSI positron production experiment
Authors: Kosse Jaap , Rodrigues Henrique , Duda Michał , Michlmayr Thomas , Müller Stephan , Sotnikov Dmitry , Brem André , Sanfilippo Stéphane , Auchmann Bernhard
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design of a non-insulated (NI) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) 15 T solenoid with a 72 mm diameter warm bore, intended for use in the Paul Scherrer Institute positron production (P3) experiment. The P3 experiment, scheduled to start in Q3 2026, aims to demonstrate a high-yield positron source that is relevant in the context of FCC-ee. The coils will be solder-impregnated using techniques developed with a small-bore HTS NI coil stack. This magnet produced a magnetic field of 18 T at 12 K and 2 kA, in a cryogen-free, conduction-cooled setup. Similarly, the P3 magnet will be conduction-cooled by two cryocoolers. This larger-bore magnet is designed to operate at 15 K with a nominal operating current of 1.2 kA. To ensure the protection of the NI magnet, quench prevention is the preferred strategy. Several potential failure modes are analyzed, including thermal runaway in the event of failures in the current leads, power supply, or cryocoolers. By enhancing the cold mass’ heat capacity through the addition of a large lead mass, the stored magnetic energy can be safely dissipated in the cold mass through the electrical path formed by the superconductor and the solder. Mechanical analysis indicates that the hoop, radial and axial stresses are kept below allowable limits.
NV center creation in diamond by local CW laser irradiation of shallow implanted nitrogen
Authors: Enke Alexius , Raatz Nicole , Meijer Jan , Wunderlich Ralf
Published: January 2025

A novel creation procedure for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is investigated. After shallow nitrogen implantation, a continuous-wave laser is used to induce NV formation, while simultaneously exciting fluorescence to enable live observation. Our investigations imply that a different mechanism than heat induced vacancy diffusion causes the formation of NV centers with this method and we suggest possible alternative pathways which could be responsible, based on the observed properties. Furthermore, we test the procedure for its capabilities for the controlled creation of single centers and show that the emergence of individual centers can be tracked, while achieving sub-micrometer spatial precision.
Measurement-device-independent high-capacity quantum secure direct communication utilizing hyperentangled bell states
Authors: Meng Hai , Zhou Ri-Gui , Du Lin-Tao
Published: January 2025

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables the direct transmission of secret messages without prior sharing of keys among the communicating parties. However, in practical situations, an eavesdropper can compromise the measurement device and potentially steal secret messages. To enhance the reliability of QSDC systems, measurement-device-independent (MDI) QSDC protocols have been developed. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol with authentication by utilizing hyperentangled Bell states. The protocol allows the sender to transmit six classical bit messages to the receiver using one quantum state. Our protocol has a higher coding capacity compared to other MDI-QSDC protocols. Additionally, we achieve mutual authentication of the identities of the communicating parties, and our scheme has significant advantages over the traditional QSDC protocols, where the legitimacy of the communicating parties has to be assumed. Theoretical analysis proves that our protocol can effectively defend against common attacks.
Wide-angle electromagnetic wave absorption via multilayer metamaterial structures
Authors: Do Thuy Chi , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Son Tung Bui , Viet Ngo Nhu , Ha Duong Thi , Hanh Vu Thi Hong , Do Xuan Phong , Khanh Tung Do , Nguyen Hai Anh , Dinh Lam Vu
Published: January 2025

This work proposes a facile wide incident angle metamaterial absorber (MA) using a multilayer structure. The suggested MA consists of two ring-shaped resonant layers. Under normal incidence, the proposed MPA exhibits an absorption peak at 4.31 GHz with an absorption of 98.9%. The impact of incident angle on absorption characteristics of our MA is investigated experimentally for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. In the TE mode, at an incident angle of 70 degrees, the MPA exhibits two absorption peaks at 4.23 and 4.39 GHz with absorptions of 88.7% and 97.5%, respectively. In the TM mode, the absorption intensity of the proposed MA is maintained at 90% with an incident angle of up to 50 degrees and descended to below 90% at an incident angle of 70 degrees. In addition, the role of multilayer structure on the incident angle broadening of MA is also discussed and clarified.
Image encryption algorithm combining semi-tensor product compressed sensing and double random-phase encoding
Authors: Fu Jianzhao , Guo Peilian
Published: January 2025

By combining semi-tensor product compressed sensing (STP-CS) and double random-phase encoding (DRPE) technology, this paper proposes an optical image encryption scheme with information authentication ability. Firstly, the phase information of the plaintext image is extracted by DRPE and quantized to generate the authentication information. Secondly, to compress the storage space and to realize the multiplication of different dimensional matrices, STP-CS is used to compress the plaintext image, and then the measurements are quantized by sigmoid map, and the quantized measurements are embedded into the authentication message. Finally, a random key stream is generated using a 2D infinite collapse map (2D-ICM) to generate chaotic sequences, and the embedding result is used to generate a ciphertext image by the permutation and XOR diffusion method. The receiver side can perform blind authentication of the ciphertext image during the inverse operation using a nonlinear cross-correlation method. The evaluation results indicate that our encryption scheme is more secure and effective.
Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory: constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions*
Authors: Fu 付 Qi-Ming 启铭 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫
Published: January 2025

We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in the context of the so-called energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) theory. Recent research shows that the EMSG theory can reproduce a viable background cosmological evolution comparable to ΛCDM, whereas the matter-dominated era exhibits slight distinctions. In this paper, we focus on power-law EMSG models and derive the equations for the linear cosmological perturbations. We explore the propagation of the gravitational wave (GW) and the growth of matter density perturbation at the first order, and we estimate the model parameters from the simulated GW and observed redshift space distortion data. Our analysis reveals that the model parameters should be small and positive in the

confidence interval, which indicates that the theory agrees closely with the observational data and can be considered an alternative to the standard cosmological model.
A multi-objective optimization method based on internal search algorithm for wind energy access to rural microgrid power supply grid architecture
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Meng Xianzhen , Wang Hongtao , Yuan Xin , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

The conventional multi-objective optimization method of microgrid power supply grid architecture mainly uses MLIML (multi-load intermediate main line) to obtain multi-segment correction parameters, which are easily affected by the dynamic changes of power extreme values, resulting in poor optimization indicators. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization method for a rural microgrid’s power supply network architecture is proposed based on an internal search algorithm. That is, a multi-objective optimization model for the microgrid power supply grid architecture is constructed, and an internal search algorithm is used to generate a multi-objective optimization process for the microgrid power supply grid architecture, thereby achieving multi-objective optimization of the microgrid power supply grid architecture. The experimental results show that the multi-objective optimization method of the designed wind and solar power supply grid architecture for rural microgrids has good optimization results. All indicators meet the economic requirements and have certain application values. It has contributed to improving the power supply and distribution quality of the rural microgrid and reducing the comprehensive operation risk.
A wide voltage gain range LLC resonant converter based on mode switching
Authors: Li Jinhui , Ben Hongqi , Yang Yun
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes an isolation-type converter that can acquire a broad voltage gain extent. The inverter part and rectifier part of the converter each have two operating states under different driving signals. The combination of distinct inverter parts and rectifier parts enables the converter to acquire four distinct working modes with varying gain extents. The converter working theory and gain characteristics are detailed analyses, and a control method based on pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is submitted. With the help of mode changing, the converter can obtain the required gain extent within a restricted frequency regulation extent. At last, an experimental platform that has 90 V∼110 V input and 200 V∼700 V output is set up to prove the accuracy and practicability of the suggested converter.
Simulation study on vibration suppression of middle and low-pressure cylinder communicating pipe of steam turbine
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Yigang , Yu Longwen , Zhang Jinbao , Mu QiWei , Shao Jianlin , Wang Yaowen , Liu Guanwei
Published: January 2025

Zero output technology is extensively used to expand heating capacity and electric peak shaving for low-pressure cylinders in thermal power plants. Problems of communicating pipe vibration under a small volume flow rate are common. In this paper, the optimal structure of the butterfly valve plate with diversion is proposed, and the numerical simulation under the condition of maximum vibration is carried out by CFD. The results show that after the structure optimization, the steam flowing from the butterfly valve plate along the flow direction is no longer attached to the valve disc, and most of it flows along the middle of the steam inlet. The unbalanced force in three directions at three monitoring positions is reduced after optimization. The vibration displacement and velocity at the three monitoring points are all reduced, and the maximum vibration at the expansion joint is reduced by 13.6% and 42.5%, respectively. The results indicate that the optimized structure can suppress the communicating pipe vibration effectively.
Research on optimal control strategy of hybrid power flow controller based on PST and VSC
Authors: Zhu Shaoxuan , Xie Yan , Yang Peng , Tang Xiaojun , Tian Yuan , Shen Jiakai
Published: January 2025

An optimal control strategy for a hybrid power flow controller based on PST and VSC is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a power regulation model of the hybrid power flow controller considering the impedance variation with taps is established. Based on this, the power flow transfer factor between different lines is calculated for abnormal operation scenarios such as power grid maintenance and faults, and a power control strategy considering line thermal stability limit constraints is proposed. Then, combined with the regulation characteristics of the phase shifting transformer (PST) and voltage source converter (VSC), a coordinated control strategy for PST and VSC within the controller is proposed, which minimizes the number of mechanical tap adjustments for the PST and improves the service life of the equipment while meeting the demand for power flow regulation at different time periods. Finally, taking a regional power grid in Hebei Province as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified.
Analysis of three types of power and the power factor in RLC circuits
Authors: Xiao Yueshan
Published: January 2025

In recent years, increasing the power factor of a power system has become critical to the impact of energy efficiency and system performance. RLC circuit, which combines resistance, inductance and capacitance, is the basic model for analyzing power dynamics in AC circuits. The focus of this experiment is to understand how frequency modulation and power factor correction affect overall circuit efficiency. This paper investigates the relationship between power, reactive power, and power factor in RLC circuits through experimental analysis. Utilizing a signal generator, oscilloscope, multimeter, and other apparatuses, the roles of inductance, capacitance, and resistance in circuit performance are assessed. The study explores the effects of frequency modulation and power factor correction via capacitors, demonstrating how variations in frequency influence real, reactive, and apparent power. Additionally, the significance of correcting the power factor to unity is analyzed to optimize system efficiency. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions, and key sources of error are identified. Finally, practical recommendations for enhancing power factors in electrical systems are provided.
Real-time icing load monitoring method on overhead transmission lines based on weighing theory
Authors: Xue Jia , Li Yu , Li Xiang , Li Bin , Yang Xiaoxu , Cong Wanlin , Zhang Gengsheng
Published: January 2025

When icing load on overhead transmission lines is calculated, the wire stress is usually calculated based on the length of the wire. In practical engineering applications, the wire length data is usually unknown or missing in the production management system, so wire stress is impossible to calculate based on wire length. In this situation, it is urgent to study the method of wire length calculation, and the authors proposed a method to solve the problem. First, by analyzing the change rate of wire length, wire length is calculated based on the change of wire length between adjacent towers, and the stress of wires on both sides of the associated tower is calculated. Then, considering the wind load on the wire, the wire length from the wire suspension point of the associated tower to the lowest point of the wires on both sides in the wind deviation plane is calculated. Finally, the statics balance formula of the wire is established in the wind deviation plane, and according to the design code of the overhead transmission line, wire icing load and equivalent icing thickness are calculated. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method proposed in this article, the test is carried out on a 500 kV transmission line, and the test results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness. The method proposed in this article expands the application scope of the wire icing load monitoring method on overhead transmission lines based on weighing theory in practical engineering applications.
Spike propagation by synchronization and vibrational resonance in feedforward Izhikevich neural network
Authors: Jia Kai , Wang Haohao , Wang Xin , Ge Mengyan
Published: January 2025

Multilayer feedforward neural networks (FFNs) are key in many machine learning models. They can be used to study neural firing rates, including synchronization and vibrational resonance (VR), under Gaussian white noise and high-frequency stimulation (HFS). This study examined how HFS and noise affect synchronized firing rates and VR in different types of Izhikevich FFNs. In a ten-layer excitatory Izhikevich neuron network, synchronized firing rates increased from low to high. Changes in noise intensity, synaptic weights, and time constants affected the propagation of synchronized firing rates. However, in a four-layer excitatory FFN, smaller HFS inhibited the output firing rate of the neural system and weakened synchronization. VR occurs when there is good phase synchronization between weak low-frequency signal (LFS) input and signal output. In addition, amplification of LFS can be achieved by increasing the amplitude of HFS. When examining the dynamics of excitatory-inhibitory multilayer FFNs, we found that synchronized firing rate propagation was less efficient, with only a few inhibitory neurons in the output layer remaining excited. Although the synchronized state can be observed in the system output, its synchronization is poor. This study shows how HFS, noise, and network architecture affect neural firing rates and VR dynamics in multi-layer FFNs.
Self-healing of optical skyrmionic beams
Authors: Guo Haochen , Das Trishita , Wu Haijun , Dev Vasu , Zhu Zhihan , Shen Yijie
Published: January 2025

Structured light with self-healing properties against partial obstructions has gained significant interest due to its potential applications in both fundamental and applied sciences. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation on the self-healing properties of the topological structure of optical skyrmionic beams, by exploiting numerical simulation and experimental spatial light modulation. It is shown that the standard skyrmionic beams exhibit a strong self-healing ability, as revealed by the rapid increase in the skyrmion number after obstacles. Moreover, the skyrmionic beams possess better self-healing ability against disk-type obstacles at the beam center than aperture-type obstacles at the periphery. Our results indicate the robustness of topologically structured beams against various obstructions, guiding practical applications such as robust information transfers.
Microwave synthesis of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots and the application in bilirubin sensing
Authors: Pang Shu , Chang Xinyu , Xu Lin , Wu Jiazhen
Published: January 2025

Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) is a new type of graphite like nanomaterial, which exhibited well chemical stability, unique fluorescence characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility. The conventional hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 generally requires a long-term reaction at high temperature and high pressure. Herein, we have developed a simple and fast MoS2 QDs synthesis scheme using microwave heating, and further modified the surface of MoS2 QDs using 3-aminophenylboronic acid. The 3- aminophenylboronic acid modified MoS2 QDs (B-MoS2 QDs) were further coated by a zinc-based metal–organic backbone (ZIF-8) in a solution containing zinc ions and 2-methylimidazolium. The constructed nanohybrid B-MoS2@ZIF-8 were successfully applied to the visualization and rapid detection of bilirubin based on the ratiometric fluorescence changes. The linear range for bilirubin detection is 0.2–75 μmol·l−1, and detection limit is 0.017 μmol·l−1.
Influence of irradiation on indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body of AgZn alloy
Authors: Onanko Yurii , Kuzmych Lyudmyla , Onanko Anatoliy , Dmytrenko Oksana , Pinchuk-Rugal Tetiana , Usatyi Serhii , Il’in Peter , Kuzmych Stepan
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е (‘indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body’) of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy was studied. After electron irradiation, sharp exponential growth of internal friction background Q
−1

b
was observed at temperatures T > 610 K. The effect of radiation exposure on the temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy, which is ordered, was studied. The temperature intervals of formation and rearrangement of the short-range order were determined. The influence of electron irradiation and thermomechanical treatment on the short-range ordering processes of AgZn solid solutions was studied. After electron irradiation, the temperature dependence of internal friction Q
−1 and elastic modulus Е (‘indicatory surface of anelastic-elastic body’) of Ag0.8Zn0.2 alloy revealed internal friction maximum Q
−1

М1
at temperature T

М1
≈ 560 K.
Quantitative assessment of delivered dose in carbon ion spatially fractionated radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and biological response to C-SFRT
Authors: Tsubouchi Toshiro , Umemura Misato , Minami Kazumasa , Hamatani Noriaki , Saruwatari Naoto , Yagi Masashi , Furutani Keith M , Takashina Masaaki , Shimizu Shinichi , Kanai Tatsuaki
Published: January 2025

Objective. Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach. Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model. The sensitive volume of the detector used in measurements was also considered. If the measurements and simulations show good agreement, the dose distribution and absolute dose delivered by SFB can be accurately estimated. Three types of dose distributions were delivered to human salivary gland cells (HSGc-C5): uniform dose distribution (UDD), and one-dimensional (1D) grid-like dose distributions (GDD) with 6 mm and 8 mm spacing. These provided high (Peak-to-Valley Dose Ratio, PVDR = 4.0) and low (PVDR = 1.64) dose differences between peak and valley doses, respectively. Linear-Quadratic (LQ) model parameters for HSGc-C5 were derived from the UDD and cell survival fractions (SF) were simulated for 1D GDD using these values. Main results. Good agreement was observed between measurements and simulations when accounting for detector volume. However, the TPS results overestimated dose in steep gradient region, likely due to the 2.0 mm calculation resolution. LQ parameters for HSGc-C5 were α = 0.34 and β = 0.057. The 1D GDD with 6 mm spacing showed good agreement between simulations and experiments, but the 8.0 mm spacing resulted in lower experimental cell survival.Significance. We successfully simulated the GDD and conducted SF simulations. The results suggest potential cell-killing effects due to high-dose differences in SFB.
Unbinding of alpha chain of hemoglobin in sickle and normal structures
Authors: Powrel Jhulan , Koirala Rajendra Prasad , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: January 2025

Sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder, is caused by a mutation of glutamic acid into valine in β chain of hemoglobin at the sixth residue, resulting in structural change of the entire hemoglobin molecule into a sickle shape. We investigated the atomic level interaction between the α chain (chain A) and the remaining three chains to identify the structural modification in sickle hemoglobin using the molecular dynamics simulations. Hydrogen bonding, solvent accessible surface area (SASA), hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges of sickle and normal hemoglobin have been estimated. The estimated parameters from sickle hemoglobin is compared to normal hemoglobin structure. Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) has been utilized to estimate the force required in breaking hydrogen bonds in given chains. The SMD simulations at different pulling velocities show that the decoupling force depends on value of pulling force. This relation is linear, 6780 pN to 12345 pN with pulling velocities of 0.00020nm/ps to 0.00040nm/ps in sickle hemoglobin. Much higher force of 8738 pN to 16557 pN in normal is required in normal hemoglobin with same spring constants values from k = 500 to 1100 kcal mol−1 nm−2 and same pulling velocities.