bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Apomixis in Ferns: A Case Study from Polystichoid Ferns
Authors: Liu Hong-Mei , Dyer Robert J. , Guo Zhi-You , Meng Zhen , Li Jian-Hui , Schneider Harald
Published: November 2012

The disparate distribution of apomixis between the major plant lineages is arguably one of the most paradoxical phenomena in plant evolution. Ferns are particularly interesting for addressing this issue because apomixis is more frequent than in any other group of plants. Here, we use a phylogenetic framework to explore some aspects of the evolution of apomixis in ferns and in particular in the polystichoid ferns. Our findings indicate that apomixis evolved several times independently in three different clades of polystichoid ferns. A lineage-wide perspective across ferns indicates a correlation between apomixis and the species richness of lineages; however BiSSE tests did not recover evidence for a correlation of apomixis and diversification rates. Instead, evidence was recovered supporting an association between the establishment of apomixis and reticulate evolution, especially in the establishment of triploid hybrids. Diversification time estimates supported the hypothesis of short living apomictic lineages and indicated a link between the establishment of apomixis and the strengthening of the monsoons caused by the lifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. In general our results supported the hypothesis for the rare establishment of apomictic lineages, high extinction risks, and low speciation rates.
Life-Threatening Obstructive Sleep Apnea Caused by Adenoid Hypertrophy in an Infant with Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Khirani Sonia , Leboulanger Nicolas , Ramirez Adriana , Fauroux Brigitte
Published: November 2012

Adenoidectomy is a commonly performed surgery in children, even though its effectiveness is still under investigation. However, in children with risk factors such as age under 3 years old, associated comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apneas, a high postoperative respiratory morbidity is possible. We report the case of a 15-month-old boy with Noonan syndrome and a complex clinical history, who presented with a life-threatening obstructive sleep apnea due to hypertrophy of the adenoids which resolved completely after adenoidectomy.
Preparation, Analytical, IR Spectral, and Thermal Studies of Some New Hydrazinium Carboxylates
Authors: Manimekalai R. , Sinduja C. R. , Kalpanadevi K.
Published: November 2012

Hydrazinium salts of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diphenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid, and picolinic and nicotinic acids have been prepared by accomplishing neutralization of aqueous hydrazine hydrate with the respective acids. Formation of these hydrazinium salts has been confirmed by analytical, IR spectral, and thermal studies. IR spectra of the salts register N–N stretching frequencies of ion in the region 963–951 cm−1 and the frequencies of ion in the region 1047–1026 cm−1. Thermal decomposition studies show that the hydrazinium salts undergo melting followed by endothermic decomposition into carbon residue as the endproduct.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes under Visible Light on N-DopedTiO2Photocatalysts
Authors: Sacco Olga , Stoller Marco , Vaiano Vincenzo , Ciambelli Paolo , Chianese Angelo , Sannino Diana
Published: November 2012

This study was focused on the application of white and blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) as sources for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in liquid phase with visible light. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped titanium dioxide, synthesized by direct hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide with ammonia, was evaluated by means of a batch photoreactor. The bandgap energy of titanium dioxide was moved in the visible range from 3.3 eV to 2.5 eV. The visible light responsive photocatalysts showed remarkably effective activity in decolorization process and in the removal of total organic carbon. Methylene blue was also used as a model dye to study the influence of several parameters such as catalyst weight and initial concentration. The effect of dye on the photocatalytic performance was verified with methyl orange (MO). The results demonstrated that the right selection of operating conditions allows to effectively degrade different dyes with the N-doped TiO2photocatalysts irradiated with visible light emitted by LEDs.
A New Hybrid Algorithm for λ‐Strict Asymptotically Pseudocontractions in 2‐Uniformly Smooth Banach Spaces
Authors: Liu Xin-dong , Chang Shih-sen
Published: November 2012

A new hybrid projection algorithm is considered for a λ‐strict asymptotically pseudocontractive mapping. Using the metric projection, a strong convergence theorem is obtained in a uniformly convex and 2‐uniformly smooth Banach spaces. The result presented in this paper mainly improves and extends the corresponding results of Matsushita and Takahashi (2008), Dehghan (2011) Kang and Wang (2011), and many others.
Long-Term Consequences for Offspring of Paternal Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Linares Segovia Benigno , Gutiérrez Tinoco Maximiliano , Izquierdo Arrizon Angeles , Guízar Mendoza Juan Manuel , Amador Licona Norma
Published: November 2012

Background. Recent studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. However, few have focused how diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome together in parents can influence on obesity and metabolic disturbances in offspring.Objective. To know the risk obesity and metabolic disturbance in children, adolescents, and young adults whose parents have diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.Methods. A comparative survey was made in healthy children of parents with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome compared with offspring of healthy parents. We performed anthropometry and evaluated blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in plasma. We registered parent antecedents to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and investigated the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disturbances in offspring.Results. We studied 259 subjects of 7 to 20 years of age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27% and 37%, respectively. The highest proportion of BMI >95th of the entire group was found in offspring with both diabetic parents. Glucose and total cholesterol levels were lower in the group with healthy parents compared with the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but with healthy father. HDL cholesterol was higher in the group with both healthy parents than in the group with diabetic mother and metabolic syndrome but healthy father.Conclusions. The offspring of parents with diabetes plus metabolic syndrome showed higher proportion of variables related to metabolic syndrome compared with healthy parents.
Internal Demagnetizing Factor in Ferrous Metals
Authors: Takács Jenő , Kovács György , Varga Lajos K.
Published: November 2012

Modelling the saturation major loop of a ferrous metal produces the intrinsic magnetization parameters; fitting the measured commutation curve, however, can yield different results. The relation of the intrinsic loci of the vertices of the minor loops (ND=0) to the experimental curve (ND≠0) is investigated. The two-way transformation between the two curves is formulated in closed mathematical form with the help of the internal demagnetization factor, ND. The method is applied to four ferrous metals, with widely different intrinsic properties (soft nonoriented Fe-Si steel, normalized low carbon steel, and Finemet in nanocrystalline and amorphous state) supporting the predictions of the proposal. The developed relationship is model independent and it is shown that the ND factor depends linearly on coercivity based on experimental evidence.
Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women in a Private Clinical Practice in Northwestern Sydney before Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt
Authors: Blumenthal Norman , Byth Karen , Eastman Creswell J.
Published: November 2012

Aim. The primary objective of the study was to assess the iodine nutritional status, and its effect on thyroid function, of pregnant women in a private obstetrical practice in Sydney.Methods. It was a cross-sectional study undertaken between November 2007 and March 2009. Blood samples were taken from 367 women at their first antenatal visit between 7 and 11 weeks gestation for measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and spot urine samples for urinary iodine excretion were taken at the same time as blood collection.Results. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for all women was 81 μg/l (interquartile range 41–169 μg/l). 71.9% of the women exhibited a UIC of <150 μg/l. 26% of the women had a UIC <50 μg/l, and 12% had a UIC <20 μg/l. The only detectable influences on UIC were daily milk intake and pregnancy supplements. There was no statistically significant association between UIC and thyroid function and no evidence for an effect of iodine intake on thyroid function.Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of mild to moderate iodine deficiency in women in Western Sydney but no evidence for a significant adverse effect on thyroid function. The 6.5% prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is unlikely to be due to iodine deficiency.
In Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats, Acupuncture Analgesic Effects Are Histamine Dependent: Potential Reasons for Acupoint Preference in Clinical Practice
Authors: Huang Meng , Zhang Di , Sa Zhe-yan , Xie Ying-yuan , Gu Chen-li , Ding Guang-hong
Published: November 2012

This study investigated whether immediate acupuncture effects in the acupoint are histamine dependent. Both histamine injection and manual acupuncture stimulation increased the pain threshold (PT) after treatment compared with the model group (P<0.01), producing an analgesic effect. After pretreatment with clemastine, an H1 receptor antagonist and an antipruritic, the increase in the animals’ pain threshold after acupuncture was suppressed compared with the Acu group (P<0.01); however, there was no interference with the acupuncture-induced degranulation of mast cells. Pretreatment with disodium cromolyn did not suppress the increase in PT induced by the histamine injection at Zusanli (ST-36). We conclude that in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, acupuncture analgesic effects are histamine dependent, and this histamine dependence determines the acupoint preference of acupoints away from the target site in acupuncture practice.
Parameter Optimization for Quantitative Signal-Concentration Mapping Using Spoiled Gradient Echo MRI
Authors: Hathout Gasser , Jamshidi Neema
Published: November 2012

Rationale and Objectives. Accurate signal to tracer concentration maps are critical to quantitative MRI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and optimize spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) MR sequences for the use of gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) as a kinetic tracer.Methods. Water-gadolinium phantoms were constructed for a physiologic range of gadolinium concentrations. Observed and calculated SPGR signal to concentration curves were generated. Using a percentage error determination, optimal pulse parameters for signal to concentration mapping were obtained.Results. The accuracy of the SPGR equation is a function of the chosen MR pulse parameters, particularly the time to repetition (TR) and the flip angle (FA). At all experimental values of TR, increasing FA decreases the ratio between observed and calculated signals. Conversely, for a constant FA, increasing TR increases this ratio. Using optimized pulse parameter sets, it is possible to achieve excellent accuracy (approximately 5%) over a physiologic range of concentration tracer concentrations.Conclusion. Optimal pulse parameter sets exist and their use is essential for deriving accurate signal to concentration curves in quantitative MRI.
Generalized -Euler Numbers and Polynomials Associated with -Adic -Integral on
Authors: Lee H. Y. , Jung N. S. , Kang J. Y. , Ryoo C. S.
Published: November 2012

We generalize the Euler numbers and polynomials by the generalized -Euler numbers and polynomials . We observe an interesting phenomenon of “scattering” of the zeros of the generalized -Euler polynomials in complex plane.
Modeling and Analysis of Peer‐to‐Peer Botnets
Authors: Feng Liping , Liao Xiaofeng , Han Qi , Song Lipeng
Published: November 2012

Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) botnets have emerged as one of the most serious threats to Internet security. To effectively eliminate P2P botnets, in this paper, the authors present two novel dynamical models to portray the process of formation of P2P botnets, one of which is called microlevel model, the other is called macrolevel model. Also, the stability of equilibria is investigated along with the analysis of how to prevent the P2P botnet. Furthermore, by analyzing the relationship between infection rate and the proportion of the hosts with countermeasures, we obtain the mathematical expressions of effective immune regions and depict their numerical simulations. Finally, numerical simulations verify the correctness of mathematical analysis. Our results can provide the guidance for security practitioners to defend and eliminate P2P botnet at a cost‐effective way.
Update on Peptic Ulcers in the Pediatric Age
Authors: Guariso Graziella , Gasparetto Marco
Published: November 2012

Background. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children is reported worldwide, although it is relatively rare as compared with adults. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a common cause of PUD in the pediatric age. Other risk factors include the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and stressful events. Aim. To critically review the evidence on epidemiology, diagnostic management, and available treatments for PUD in the pediatric age. Methods. A MEDLINE search was performed indicating keywords as “Peptic Ulcer Disease,” “Epidemiology,” “Pediatric,” “Helicobacter pylori,” “Gastric ulcer,” “Bulbar Ulcer,” and “Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.” A selection of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses within the time period 2002–2012 was performed. Results. PUD in children is reported worldwide with an estimated frequency of 8.1% in Europe and of 17.4% in the US. When the underlying cause of PUD is addressed, the prognosis is excellent. Standard triple therapy, bismuth-based quadruple therapy, and the sequential therapy represent the current recommended treatments for HP related ulcers. NSAIDs related ulcers are treated by stopping the causative medications and by administration of proton-pump inhibitors or antisecretory drugs. Conclusions. PUD still represents a major concern in the paediatric age. A careful differential diagnosis and an adequate treatment constitute an excellent prognosis.
On Spectral Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Linear Volterra and Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations
Authors: Pashazadeh Atabakan Z. , Kılıçman A. , Kazemi Nasab A.
Published: November 2012

A modification of homotopy analysis method (HAM) known as spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM) is proposed to solve linear Volterra integrodifferential equations. Some examples are given in order to test the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method. The SHAM results show that the proposed approach is quite reasonable when compared to SHAM results and exact solutions.
Residual NADPH Oxidase Activity and Isolated Lung Involvement in X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Gutierrez Maria J. , McSherry George D. , Ishmael Faoud T. , Horwitz Alexandra A. , Nino Gustavo
Published: November 2012

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by inherited immune defects resulting from mutations in the NADPH oxidase complex genes. The X-linked type of CGD is caused by defects in the CYBB gene that encodes gp91-phox, a fundamental component of the NADPH oxidase complex. This mutation originates the most common and severe form of CGD, which typically has absence of NADPH oxidase function and aggressive multisystemic infections. We present the case of a 9-year-old child with a rare CYBB mutation that preserves some NADPH oxidase activity, resulting in an atypical mild form of X-linked CGD with isolated lung involvement. Although the clinical picture and partially preserved oxidase function suggested an autosomal recessive form of CGD, genetic testing demonstrated a mutation in the exon 3 of CYBB gene (c.252 G>A, p.Ala84Ala), an uncommon X-linked CGD variant that affects splicing. Atypical presentation and diagnostic difficulties are discussed. This case highlights that the diagnosis of mild forms of X-linked CGD caused by rare CYBB mutations and partially preserved NADPH function should be considered early in the evaluation of atypical and recurrent lung infections.
An Improved Protocol for the Aldehyde Olefination Reaction Using (bmim) (NTf2) as Reaction Medium
Authors: Srivastava Vivek
Published: November 2012

[Ru(COD)Cl2]/CuCl2·2H2O/LiCl catalytic system works efficiently in ionic liquid media for aldehyde olefination reaction. It offers good yield and selectivity with the added advantage of 5 times recyclability for [Ru(COD)Cl2] /CuCl2·2H2O/LiCl catalytic system. We also successfully reduced the reaction time from 12 hours to 9 hours for the aldehyde olefination reaction.
Surgical Outcome of Treating Grades II and III Meningiomas: A Report of 32 Cases
Authors: Violaris Konstantinos , Katsarides Vasileios , Karakyriou Maria , Sakellariou Pavlos
Published: November 2012

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of atypical and malignant meningiomas and analyze recurrence rate; to study the morbidity and mortality of these tumors compared to benign meningiomas. Methods. During 1992–2007, 16 patients with malignant and 16 patients with atypical meningioma were operated in Neurosurgery Department of Thessaloniki's Papanikolaou Hospital. We analyzed tumor histology, location, and extent of surgical resection with respect to tumor reappearance and patients' outcome and compared the behavior of benign versus nonbenign meningiomas. Results. Malignant meningiomas accounted for 4.4% (16 patients) and atypical meningiomas for another 4.4% of the series of patients (353) who were operated for intracranial meningioma at our department that period. Malignant meningiomas recurred at a rate of 75% and atypical meningiomas recurred at a rate of 41.6%. There was a significant association of the histological classification (benign, atypical, and malignant) with recurrence (P<0.01). The recurrence rate after complete resection was 13.8%. The recurrence rate for incomplete resection was 46.7%. Extent of tumor removal was significant to recurrence (P<0.001) for benign as well for atypical and malignant meningiomas. Tumor location (P>0.05) was not significant to recurrence. Conclusions. Atypical and malignant meningiomas appeared at a rate of 8.8% of our series of intracranial meningiomas. They showed a significant predisposition to recur. These rare subtypes have higher morbidity and mortality rates than benign meningiomas. Recurrence depends primarily on the extent of surgical removal and on the histological characterization of the tumor as atypical or malignant.
The Association between Physical Morbidity and Subtypes of Severe Depression
Authors: Østergaard Søren Dinesen , Petrides Georgios , Dinesen Peter Thisted , Skadhede Søren , Bech Per , Munk-Jørgensen Povl , Nielsen Jimmi
Published: November 2012

Background: Physical illness and depression are related, but the association between specific physical diseases and diagnostic subtypes of depression remains poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between a number of physical diseases and the nonpsychotic and psychotic subtype of severe depression. Methods: This is a historical prospective cohort study. The study population consisted of all patients diagnosed with ICD-10 severe depression, either nonpsychotic or psychotic subtype, in Danish psychiatric hospitals between 1994 and 2008. The patients’ history of physical disease was assessed using the Danish National Patient Register. Using logistic regression it was investigated whether specific physical diseases were associated with relative increased risk for subsequent development of either the nonpsychotic or psychotic depressive subtype. Results: A total of 24,173 patients with severe depression were included in the study. Of those, 8,260 (34%) were of the psychotic subtype. A history of the following physical diseases, as opposed to their absence, increased the relative risk for subsequent development of the nonpsychotic compared to the psychotic depressive subtype [adjusted incidence odds ratio (AIOR) nonpsychotic vs. psychotic]: ischemic heart disease (AIOR = 1.3, p < 0.001), hypertension (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.008), stroke (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.042) and chronic lower pulmonary disease (AIOR = 1.2, p = 0.005). The total load of physical disease also increased the relative risk of nonpsychotic depression [AIOR = 1.05 (per disease), p = 0.001]. Conclusions: This study revealed that, in severe depression, a history of physical disease increased the relative risk of the nonpsychotic rather than the psychotic subtype.
Biodegradation of Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Dioxane by Soluble Diiron Monooxygenase in Pseudonocardia sp. Strain ENV478
Authors: Masuda Hisako , McClay Kevin , Steffan Robert J. , Zylstra Gerben J.
Published: November 2012

1,4-Dioxane is an important groundwater contaminant. Pseudonocardia sp. strain ENV478 degrades 1,4-dioxane via cometabolism after the growth on tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other carbon sources. Here, we have identified a THF monooxygenase (thm) in ENV478. The thm genes are transcribed constitutively and are induced to higher levels by THF. Decreased translation of the thmB gene encoding one of the monooxygenase subunits by antisense RNA resulted in the loss of its ability to degrade THF and 1,4-dioxane. This is the first study to link thm genes to THF degradation, as well as the cometabolic oxidation of 1,4-dioxane.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Children Exposed to Carboplatin Chemotherapy
Authors: Bhagat Shaum , Bass Johnnie , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Brennan Rachel , Wilson Matthew , Wu Jianrong , Galindo Carlos-Rodriguez , Paglialonga Alessia , Tognola Gabriella
Published: November 2012

The aims of this study were to characterize and quantify time-frequency changes in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) recorded in children diagnosed with retinoblastoma who were receiving carboplatin chemotherapy. A signal processing technique, the wavelet transform (WT), was used to analyze TEOAE waveforms in narrow-band frequency components. Ten children (aged 3–72 months) diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral retinoblastoma were enrolled in the study. TEOAEs were acquired from the children with linear sequences of 70 dB peak equivalent SPL clicks. After WT analysis, TEOAE energy, latency and normalized energy in the narrow-band frequency components were compared before and during carboplatin chemotherapy treatment (average dose 1693 mg/m2). On a group basis, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the TEOAE energy, latency or normalized energy before and after carboplatin treatment were observed. There were decreases in normalized energy on an individual basis in 10 out of 18 ears in the sample. Exposure to carboplatin chemotherapy did not cause significant changes in TEOAE energy, latency and normalized energy during treatment. However, long-term monitoring of hearing with measurements of TEOAEs is warranted, given the risks of delayed hearing loss in some children receiving carboplatin chemotherapy.
High-Density Lipoproteins Inhibit Vascular Endothelial Inflammation by Increasing 3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase Expression and Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1
Authors: Wu Ben J. , Chen Kang , Shrestha Sudichhya , Ong Kwok L. , Barter Philip J. , Rye Kerry-Anne
Published: November 2012

Rationale:

Lipid-free apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) containing apoA-I, (A-I)rHDL, inhibit vascular inflammation by increasing 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) expression.

Objective:

To determine whether the lipid-free apoA-I–mediated and (A-I)rHDL-mediated increase in DHCR24 expression induces the cytoprotective and potentially cardioprotective enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Methods and Results:

In vivo: A single intravenous infusion of lipid-free apoA-I (8 mg/kg) administered 24 hours before inserting a nonocclusive periarterial carotid collar into New Zealand White rabbits decreased collar-induced endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, reduced intima/media neutrophil infiltration, and increased DHCR24 and HO-1 mRNA levels. Knockdown of vascular DHCR24 and HO-1 and systemic administration of tin-protoporphyrin-IX, an HO inhibitor, abolished these anti-inflammatory effects. In vitro: Preincubation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with (A-I)rHDL before activation with tumor necrosis factor-α increased DHCR24 and HO-1 mRNA levels and inhibited cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Transfection of the cells with DHCR24 and HO-1 small interfering RNA and tin-protoporphyrin-IX treatment abolished these effects. The (A-I)rHDL-mediated induction of HO-1 was reduced in human coronary artery endothelial cells transfected with DHCR24 small interfering RNA. Transfection of human coronary artery endothelial cells with HO-1 small interfering RNA and tin-protoporphyrin-IX treatment did not inhibit the (A-I)rHDL-mediated increase in DHCR24 expression. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt reduced the (A-I)rHDL-mediated increase in HO-1, but not DHCR24 expression. The activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt by (A-I)rHDL was decreased in human coronary artery endothelial cells that were transfected with DHCR24 small interfering RNA.

Conclusions:

Lipid-free apoA-I and (A-I)rHDL inhibit inflammation by increasing DHCR24 expression, which, in turn, activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and induces HO-1.
Straightforward Yet Effective Ergonomics Collaborations in South Africa
Authors: Christie Candice Jo-Anne
Published: November 2012

In this article, the author discusses the lack of ergonomics input in developing countries generally and the lack of collaboration between Africa and other countries, particularly developed nations. She describes forestry ergonomics collaboration between South Africa and Chile and a consultancy project completed by a South African company for an industry in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Noteworthy was the focus on low-cost and no-cost interventions aimed at improving the well-being of workers, who are generally of poor health and who participate in labor-intensive industries in poorer countries. The successes of these simple yet effective interventions are highlighted.
Corporate Ergonomics
Authors: Larson Nancy L. J.
Published: November 2012

Corporations have been implementing ergonomics programs for more than 30 years. Initially, the purpose of these programs was improving operational efficiency by applying knowledge of human capabilities and limitations to the design of work. In recent years, corporate programs in the United States have increasingly focused on reducing the impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders on both business and employee well-being. This article provides a brief summary of both types of ergonomics program strategies and describes my experiences leading two corporate ergonomics programs.
The core object ‘society’ and sociology’s public relevance
Authors: Wickham Gary
Published: November 2012

The recent collection Sociological Objects: Reconfigurations of Social Theory provides plenty of evidence in support of the proposition that there is not a strong mood within sociology today to conduct an ongoing productive debate about ‘society’ as the core object of the discipline, in the way that, for example, economics conducts such a debate about ‘the economy’. Instead, sociology is much more likely to have disparate debates, each organized around a different object or candidate-object. That is, most debates within the discipline about what is, are, or should be its object or objects are conducted by advocates of some theoretical trend or other which these advocates think more important than other trends, and certainly more important than the object society. This situation is far from conducive to increased public relevance, especially because, in most cases, the target audience of each debate is a cohort of insiders. If the discipline were to more strenuously organize and/or participate in public debates about society it would at very least find itself associated with a notion which has currency beyond the field itself, such that even if sociologists were to debate society using technical language they might still attract wide public attention, in the way that economics attracts such attention when it debates technical aspects of the economy, like monetary policy or ‘irrational exuberance’ or the technicalities of the derivatives behind the global financial crisis. Using Sociological Objects as a launching pad, this paper explores the decline within sociology of the object society and shows how easily the lessons offered by historical insights can be undermined by a particular attitude toward the use of theory.
Systemic comorbidities in bronchiectasis
Authors: Gale Nichola S , Bolton Charlotte E , Duckers Jamie M , Enright Stephanie , Cockcroft John R , Shale Dennis J
Published: November 2012

Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, which has similarities to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comorbidities of COPD include increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, all linked to systemic inflammation. The potential for such comorbidities has not been explored in bronchiectasis. We hypothesised that patients with bronchiectasis would have similar increased comorbidities. A total of 20 patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were compared to 20 controls similar in age, gender and smoking exposure. Assessments included aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV; (a measure of arterial stiffness and an independent predictor of CV risk), blood pressure (BP) as well as levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), albumin, fasting glucose and lipids. Body composition (fat free mass index (FFMI)), BMD, the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and self-reported physical activity were also determined. Patients with bronchiectasis had increased aortic PWV, 10.5 (3.0) m/second, when compared with controls, 8.8 (1.6) m/second ( p < 0.05), despite similar central and peripheral BP and lipid profile. Patients also had increased IL-6 and reduced albumin and glucose. Although mean body mass index, FFMI and BMD were similar in patients and controls, only 20% of patients had a healthy BMD compared with 50% of controls. Patients had reduced 6MWD and reported less physical activity ( p < 0.05). Patients with bronchiectasis had increased arterial stiffness (an indicator of increased CV risk), increased inflammation, reduced exercise capacity and bone thinning. These additional comorbidities require further evaluation for their management in these patients.
Endovascular Retrieval of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter With Simultaneous Caval, Aortic, and Duodenal Perforations
Authors: Caldwell Edward H. , Fridley Todd L. , Erb Edward L. , Fleischer Stephen R.
Published: November 2012

A 47-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of diffuse abdominal pain and melena. She previously had a Bard G2X inferior vena cava filter placed before undergoing a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 3 years before her current presentation. She had a history of an anastomotic ulcer that was treated medically. A repeat endoscopic evaluation revealed no evidence of a recent bleed and the ulcer was healed. Computed tomography revealed evidence of multiple filter struts penetrating through the caval wall into the duodenum and aorta. The filter was successfully removed using an En Snare without complications. Reviewing the current literature, open surgical repair has been the treatment of choice for similar patient presentations. We present a successful case of the endovascular retrieval of an inferior vena cava filter with simultaneous caval, aortic, and duodenal penetrations.
Superior Mesenteric Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Temin Nathaniel N. , Flacke Sebastian , Ahari Heideh K.
Published: November 2012

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) of the superior mesenteric vasculature are rarely encountered. We present a case of an iatrogenic superior mesenteric AVF following subtotal colectomy, which was successfully treated with coil embolization. Cross-sectional imaging and angiographic findings are reviewed along with the options for endovascular therapy.
High purity diamond films synthesised by chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Ali M , Ürgen M , Kawashima A
Published: November 2012

Defect free diamond films have tremendous potential in a variety of areas including optoelectronics and have been the focus of several studies. Before diamond growth, a seeding treatment to substrate is mandatory, which itself is a source of contamination and degrades the quality of diamond. In the present study, diamond films without seeding treatment were grown on silicon using hot filament chemical vapour deposition. As a result of dry ultrasonic process, the diamond film with continuous layer was grown over unseeded substrate. At nucleation stage, carbon containing species were trapped by the uniformly created network of pits. Film grown at 2·0 vol.-% CH4 in H2 and substrate temperature of 850°C showed higher purity than that grown at 3·0 vol.-%CH4 in H2 and substrate temperature of 1000°C. Films grown over seedless substrates were also compared with those grown with seeding treatment.
Statistical protein quantification and significance analysis in label-free LC-MS experiments with complex designs
Authors: Clough Timothy , Thaminy Safia , Ragg Susanne , Aebersold Ruedi , Vitek Olga
Published: November 2012

Background

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is widely used for quantitative proteomic investigations. The typical output of such studies is a list of identified and quantified peptides. The biological and clinical interest is, however, usually focused on quantitative conclusions at the protein level. Furthermore, many investigations ask complex biological questions by studying multiple interrelated experimental conditions. Therefore, there is a need in the field for generic statistical models to quantify protein levels even in complex study designs.

Results

We propose a general statistical modeling approach for protein quantification in arbitrary complex experimental designs, such as time course studies, or those involving multiple experimental factors. The approach summarizes the quantitative experimental information from all the features and all the conditions that pertain to a protein. It enables both protein significance analysis between conditions, and protein quantification in individual samples or conditions. We implement the approach in an open-source R-based software package suitable for researchers with a limited statistics and programming background.

Conclusions

We demonstrate, using as examples two experimental investigations with complex designs, that a simultaneous statistical modeling of all the relevant features and conditions yields a higher sensitivity of protein significance analysis and a higher accuracy of protein quantification as compared to commonly employed alternatives. The software is available at http://www.stat.purdue.edu/~ovitek/Software.html.
Molecular evidence for the bi-clonal origin of neuroendocrine tumor derived metastases
Authors: Rinner Beate , Gallè Birgit , Trajanoski Slave , Fischer Carina , Hatz Martina , Maierhofer Theresa , Michelitsch Gabriele , Moinfar Farid , Stelzer Ingeborg , Pfragner Roswitha , Guelly Christian
Published: November 2012

Background

Reports on common mutations in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare and clonality of NET metastases has not been investigated in this tumor entity yet. We selected one NET and the corresponding lymph node and liver metastases as well as the derivative cell lines to screen for somatic mutations in the primary NET and to track the fate of genetic changes during metastasis and in vitro progression.

Results

Applying microarray based sequence capture resequencing including 4,935 Exons from of 203 cancer-associated genes and high-resolution copy number and genotype analysis identified multiple somatic mutations in the primary NET, affecting BRCA2, CTNNB1, ERCC5, HNF1A, KIT, MLL, RB1, ROS1, SMAD4, and TP53. All mutations were confirmed in the patients’ lymph node and liver metastasis tissue as well as early cell line passages. In contrast to the tumor derived cell line, higher passages of the metastases derived cell lines lacked somatic mutations and chromosomal alterations, while expression of the classical NET marker serotonin was maintained.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that both metastases have evolved from the same pair of genetically differing NET cell clones. In both metastases, the in vivo dominating “mutant” tumor cell clone has undergone negative selection in vitro being replaced by the “non-mutant” tumor cell population. This is the first report of a bi-clonal origin of NET derived metastases, indicating selective advantage of interclonal cooperation during metastasis. In addition, this study underscores the importance to monitor cell line integrity using high-resolution genome analysis tools.
Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei O-antigen serotypes in near-neighbor species
Authors: Stone Joshua K , Mayo Mark , Grasso Stephanie A , Ginther Jennifer L , Warrington Stephanie D , Allender Christopher J , Doyle Adina , Georgia Shalamar , Kaestli Mirjam , Broomall Stacey M , Karavis Mark A , Insalaco Joseph M , Hubbard Kyle S , McNew Lauren A , Gibbons Henry S , Currie Bart J , Keim Paul , Tuanyok Apichai
Published: November 2012

Background

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis and a CDC category B select agent with no available effective vaccine. Previous immunizations in mice have utilized the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a potential vaccine target because it is known as one of the most important antigenic epitopes in B. pseudomallei. Complicating this strategy are the four different B. pseudomallei LPS O-antigen types: A, B, B2, and rough. Sero-crossreactivity is common among O-antigens of Burkholderia species. Here, we identified the presence of multiple B. pseudomallei O-antigen types and sero-crossreactivity in its near-neighbor species.

Results

PCR screening of O-antigen biosynthesis genes, phenotypic characterization using SDS-PAGE, and immunoblot analysis showed that majority of B. mallei and B. thailandensis strains contained the typical O-antigen type A. In contrast, most of B. ubonensis and B. thailandensis-like strains expressed the atypical O-antigen types B and B2, respectively. Most B. oklahomensis strains expressed a distinct and non-seroreactive O-antigen type, except strain E0147 which expressed O-antigen type A. O-antigen type B2 was also detected in B. thailandensis 82172, B. ubonensis MSMB108, and Burkholderia sp. MSMB175. Interestingly, B. thailandensis-like MSMB43 contained a novel serotype B positive O-antigen.

Conclusions

This study expands the number of species which express B. pseudomallei O-antigen types. Further work is required to elucidate the full structures and how closely these are to the B. pseudomallei O-antigens, which will ultimately determine the efficacy of the near-neighbor B serotypes for vaccine development.
Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: record-linkage study
Authors: Ramagopalan Sreeram V , Seminog Olena , Goldacre Raphael , Goldacre Michael J
Published: November 2012

Background

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported to be at higher risk of fracture than other people. We sought to test this hypothesis in a large database of hospital admissions in England.

Methods

We analysed a database of linked statistical records of hospital admissions and death certificates for the whole of England (1999–2010). Rate ratios for fractures were determined, comparing fracture rates in a cohort of all people in England admitted with MS and rates in a comparison cohort.

Results

Significantly elevated risk for all fractures was found in patients with MS (rate ratio (RR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.93-2.05)). Risks were particularly high for femoral fractures (femoral neck fracture RR = 2.79 (2.65-2.93); femoral shaft fracture RR 6.69 (6.12-7.29)), and fractures of the tibia or ankle RR = 2.81 (2.66-2.96).

Conclusions

Patients with MS have an increased risk of fractures. Caregivers should aim to optimize bone health in MS patients.
Left ventricular function in acute inflammatory peri-myocardial diseases – new insights and long-term follow-up
Authors: Leitman Marina , Tyomkin Vladimir , Peleg Eli , Copel Laurian , Vered Zvi ,   FACC, FESC
Published: November 2012

Background

Until recently acute inflammatory peri-myocardial syndromes have been associated with global rather regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Recent advances in cardiac imaging with echocardiographic techniques and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permit comprehensive evaluation of global and regional LV function. Our study was aimed to assess regional LV function in 100 patients with acute perimyocarditis, and correlate these findings with the clinical presentation.

Methods

We report on 100 patients with acute perimyocarditis admitted during 2008–2011, in whom LV function was assessed by semi-quantitative wall motion score analysis on conventional echo. Long-term mortality and recurrent hospitalization were also assessed.

Results

Wall motion score in 100 patients with acute perimyocarditis demonstrated a significant predominance of regional wall motion abnormalities in the infero-postero-lateral LV wall. These data correspond well with speckle tracking results of a subgroup of these patients published earlier. Recent MRI data show frequent late enhancement of contrast in the infero-lateral region of the LV in patients with perimyocarditis. These observations were useful in re-classification of our patients into one of the following groups: pure or predominant pericarditis, and pure or predominant myocarditis. Over a mean period of 37 months, there was no mortality. Though recurrent hospitalizations were rather frequent, no significant differences were observed among groups.

Conclusions

Regional wall motion abnormalities in the infero-postero-lateral segments of the LV are frequent in patients with acute perimyocarditis. Detailed echocardiographic examination early in the course of the disease should become a major factor in the clinical differentiation among the various clinical presentations of acute inflammatory peri-myocardial syndromes. The long-term outcome of these patients appears to be benign, though recurrent hospitalizations are not infrequent.
HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+T-cell epitopes identified in dengue viruses
Authors: Duan Zhi-Liang , Li Qiang , Wang Zhi-Bin , Xia Ke-Dong , Guo Jiang-Long , Liu Wen-Quan , Wen Jin-Sheng
Published: November 2012

Background

All four dengue virus (DV) serotypes (D1V, D2V, D3V and D4V) can cause a series of disorders, ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Previous studies have revealed that DV serotype-specific CD8+T cells are involved in controlling DV infection. Serotype cross-reactive CD8+T-cells may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS. The aim of the study was to identify HLA-A*0201-binding peptides from four DV serotypes. We then examined their immunogenicityin vivoand cross-reactivity within heterologous peptides.

Methods

D1V-derived candidate CD8+T-cell epitopes were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity to the HLA-A*0201 molecule. Variant peptides representing heterologous D2V, D3V, D4V serotypes were synthesized. The immunogenicity of the high-affinity peptides were evaluated in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice.

Results

Of the seven D1V-derived candidate epitopes [D1V-NS4a56–64(MLLALIAVL), D1V-C46–54(LVMAFMAFL), D1V-NS4b562–570(LLATSIFKL), D1V-NS2a169–177(AMVLSIVSL), D1V-NS4a140–148(GLLFMILTV), D1V-NS2a144–152(QLWAALLSL) and D1V-NS4b183–191(LLMRTTWAL)], three peptides [D1V-NS4a140–148, D1V-NS2a144–152and D1V-NS4b183–191] had a high affinity for HLA-A*0201 molecules. Moreover, their variant peptides for D2V, D3V and D4V [D2V-NS4a140–148(AILTVVAAT), D3V-NS4a140-148(GILTLAAIV), D4V-NS4a140-148(TILTIIGLI), D2V-NS2a144–152(QLAVTIMAI), D3V-NS2a144–152(QLWTALVSL), D4V-NS2a143–151(QVGTLALSL), D2V-NS4b182–190(LMMRTTWAL),D3V-NS4b182–190(LLMRTSWAL) and D4V-NS4b179–187(LLMRTTWAF)] also had a high affinity for HLA-A*0201 molecules. Furthermore, CD8+T cells directed to these twelve peptides were induced in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice following immunization with these peptides. Additionally, cross-reactivity within four peptides (D1V-NS4b183–191, D2V-NS4b182–190,D3V-NS4b182–190and D4V-NS4b179–187) was observed.

Conclusions

Two novel serotype-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+T-cell epitopes (NS4a140-148and NS2a144–152) and one cross-reactive HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+T-cell epitopes which is similar to a previously identified epitope were identified in D1V-D4V. Combining prediction algorithms and HLA transgenic mice is an effective strategy to identify HLA-restricted epitopes. Serotype-specific epitopes would be used to determine the protective role of serotype-specific CD8+T cells, while cross-reactive epitopes may provide assistance in exploring the role of serotype cross-reactive CD8+T cells in the immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
Citrullination of fibronectin modulates synovial fibroblast behavior
Authors: Shelef Miriam A , Bennin David A , Mosher Deane F , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune arthritis characterized by joint destruction. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are pathologic in rheumatoid arthritis, but the role of the citrullinated proteins themselves is much less clear. Citrullination is the conversion of the arginine residues of a protein to citrulline. In the inflamed rheumatoid joint there is increased protein citrullination. Several proteins are citrullinated in rheumatoid arthritis, including collagen type II, fibrinogen, and fibronectin. Fibronectin is thought to mediate the adhesion of joint-invading synovial fibroblasts to the rheumatoid cartilage in addition to regulating other synovial fibroblast functions. However, the effect of citrullinated fibronectin on synovial fibroblasts is unknown.

Methods

To investigate the effect of citrullinated fibronectin on synovial fibroblast behavior, we cultured normal murine, arthritic murine, and human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. We then compared several synovial fibroblast functions in the presence of fibronectin versus citrullinated fibronectin. We assessed adhesion with time-lapse microscopy, migration with transwell assays, focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation by western blot, and focal matrix degradation by fluorescent gelatin degradation.

Results

Normal synovial fibroblasts have impaired adhesion, spreading, migration, and integrin-mediated phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin on citrullinated fibronectin. Murine arthritic and human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts also have impaired adhesion and spreading on citrullinated fibronectin, but focal matrix degradation is unaffected by citrullinated fibronectin.

Conclusion

Citrullination of fibronectin alters synovial fibroblast behavior and may affect how these cells adhere to and invade the joint and travel through the bloodstream. This work suggests an important role for the interaction of synovial fibroblasts with citrullinated matrix in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.