bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Epidemiology of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Park Jung Ho , Lee Hong Kyu , Kim Hyoung Soo , Kim Kunil , Ra Yong Joon , Kang Jeong Wook
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: There is limited evidence regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the epidemiology of thoracic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate changes in medical visits for these conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We analyzed the entire Korean population (~50 million) for monthly medical visits for 15 common thoracic and cardiovascular conditions, including pneumothorax, large bullae, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, thymoma, empyema, mediastinitis, esophageal rupture, multiple rib fractures, hemothorax, rib mass, varicose vein, pectus excavatum, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, and valve disease from January 2019 to December 2021. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes. Variations in the mean monthly medical visits of 15 frequent thoracic and cardiovascular diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, while changes in variance were assessed using Levene’s test. Results: The mean monthly number of medical visits for pneumothorax and large bullae significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic (by 10.1% and 12.8%; both p < 0.001). On the contrary, there was a significant increase in the mean monthly counts of medical visits for lung cancer, esophageal cancer, thymoma, and valve disease diagnosis (by 6.6%, 5.3%, 8.8%, and 5.0%, respectively; all p < 0.05). Conclusions: In Korea, the number of diagnosed cases of pneumothorax significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID-19, while diagnoses of thoracic cancers and valve disease increased.
The Pattern of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors of the Maxillary and Mandibular Periosteum After Exposure to Titanium Fixations—Ti6Al4V
Authors: Antonowicz Bożena , Maciejczyk Mateusz , Borys Jan , Łukaszuk Kamila , Zięba Sara , Gołaś Edyta , Żendzian-Piotrowska Małgorzata , Zalewska Anna
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Titanium miniplates and screws are commonly used in the surgical management of dentofacial deformities. Despite the opinion of the biocompatibility of these bone fixations, some patients experience symptoms of chronic inflammation around titanium implants even many years after their application. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors released from the maxilla and mandible periosteum surrounding titanium fixations 11 months after the implantation procedure. Methods: From the study group (n = 20) consisting of patients with maxillofacial defects who underwent bimaxillary osteotomy, fragments of the periosteum of the maxilla and mandible adjacent to the titanium miniplates and screws were taken during routine bone fixation removal procedures. From the control group subjects (n = 20), fragments of healthy maxillary and mandibular periosteum were taken prior to surgical treatment of dentofacial deformities. The examination of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors levels released from the periosteum of jaws was performed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Screening Panel (48-Plex). Results: The study group was characterized by a significant increase in the concentration of most of the tested-for proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors compared to the control group, with greater amounts of inflammatory factors released from the periosteum covering the titanium implants in the mandible than from the periosteal cells surrounding the titanium implants in the maxilla. Conclusions: Prolonged exposure to titanium miniplates and screws leads to a disturbance of immune homeostasis in the periosteal cells of the maxilla and mandible. The data obtained indicate the need to remove fixations after the bone fragments have healed.
How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Emergency Dental Trauma Settings in Permanent Dentition? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dudde Florian , Giese Manfred , Schuck Oliver , Krüger Christina
Published: November 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the patterns, distribution, and circumstances of dental trauma (DT) cases at a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis compared DT cases from the PreCovid (PC) period (February 2019–January 2020) with those from the IntraCovid (IC) period (February 2020–January 2021). It included an examination of baseline characteristics, types of DT, circumstances leading to DT, and the treatment approaches applied. Results: In the IC period, there was an increase in the number of DT, a significant increase in uncomplicated crown fractures, crown–root fractures, subluxations, avulsions, alveolar fractures, combined tooth fractures and dislocations, and concomitant soft tissue injuries. There were no differences regarding the location of DT. During the IC period there was a significant reduction in sports accidents, road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, and alcohol-related DT. Simultaneously, there was a marked increase in falls, syncopal episodes, home accidents, and DT incidents occurring on weekdays. Furthermore, during the IC period, the number of cases of DT increased in the morning and decreased at nighttime. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the types of DT, the treatment approaches, and the circumstances under which DT occurred. Investigating these impacts can help to predict the effects of a future pandemic on DT and/or maxillofacial trauma and possibly reduce these effects through establishing appropriate preventive measures.
The Potential of Automated Assessment of Cognitive Function Using Non-Neuroimaging Data: A Systematic Review
Authors: Babatope Eyitomilayo Yemisi , Ramírez-Acosta Alejandro Álvaro , Avila-Funes José Alberto , García-Vázquez Mireya
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The growing incidence of cognitive impairment among older adults has a significant impact on individuals, family members, caregivers, and society. Current conventional cognitive assessment tools are faced with some limitations. Recent evidence suggests that automating cognitive assessment holds promise, potentially resulting in earlier diagnosis, timely intervention, improved patient outcomes, and higher chances of response to treatment. Despite the advantages of automated assessment and technological advancements, automated cognitive assessment has yet to gain widespread use, especially in low and lower middle-income countries. This review highlights the potential of automated cognitive assessment tools and presents an overview of existing tools. Methods: This review includes 87 studies carried out with non-neuroimaging data alongside their performance metrics. Results: The identified articles automated the cognitive assessment process and were grouped into five categories either based on the tools’ design or the data analysis approach. These categories include game-based, digital versions of conventional tools, original computerized tests and batteries, virtual reality/wearable sensors/smart home technologies, and artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) tools. These categories are further explained, and evaluation of their strengths and limitations is discussed to strengthen their adoption in clinical practice. Conclusions: The comparative metrics of both conventional and automated approaches of assessment suggest that the automated approach is a strong alternative to the conventional approach. Additionally, the results of the review show that the use of automated assessment tools is more prominent in countries ranked as high-income and upper middle-income countries. This trend merits further social and economic studies to understand the impact of this global reality.
Incidence and Treatment of Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) in the Setting of Brain Death and Associations with Renal Function and Hemodynamics in Organ Donors
Authors: Weiß Marleen , Rücker Fabian , Thieme Volker , Hochmuth Karsten , Michalski Dominik , Nashan Björn , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Werdehausen Robert , Ziganshyna Svitlana
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) is a common condition in the setting of brain death. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of AVP-D in organ donors, its treatment, as well as the impact of AVP-D on hemodynamics and renal function. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 63 organ donors treated between 2017 and 2022. We used standard criteria to examine the incidence of AVP-D and the KDIGO criteria to determine the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: AVP-D occurred in 79% of the examined organ donors, of which 94% received desmopressin. Overall, 30% of organ donors developed AKI. AKI was present in 77% of donors who did not meet AVP-D criteria and in only 18% of donors with AVP-D (p < 0.001). Mean arterial blood pressure did not differ between organ donors with and without AVP-D or with and without desmopressin therapy. In organ donors with AVP-D, norepinephrine requirement in the period 24 h prior to AVP-D diagnosis was lower than 24 h afterwards (p = 0.03). AVP-D diagnosis was associated with a higher rate of kidney transplantation compared to cases without AVP-D diagnosis (88% vs. 54%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: AVP-D is common among brain death organ donors and may remain undiagnosed in cases with previous kidney injury. These observations highlight the importance of recognizing AVP-D and administering appropriate therapy in potential organ donors to prevent AKI.
Hybrid Aortic Arch Replacement with Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) Technique: Surgical Considerations, Pearls, and Pitfalls
Authors: Karangelis Dimos , Stougiannou Theodora M. , Christodoulou Konstantinos C. , Bartolozzi Henri , Malafi Maria Eleni , Mitropoulos Fotios , Mikroulis Dimitrios , Bena Martin
Published: November 2024

The involvement of the aortic arch in thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA), or acute aortic dissections (AAD), represents a challenging clinical entity, mandating a meticulous surgical plan, tailored to each individual case. The advent of endovascular techniques and the introduction of modern arch protheses have led to the implementation of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique. This one-step hybrid operation consists of a total aortic arch replacement combined with an antegrade delivery of a stent–graft for the descending aorta, which acts as a proximal landing zone facilitating a potential distal endovascular reintervention. In this manner, this technique addresses acute and chronic arch disease with an acceptable morbidity and mortality. Several FET prosthetic devices are available on the global market and have exhibited favourable outcomes, although with some disadvantages in complex cases; similarly, the hybrid procedure described in this review has also been associated with complications, such as coagulopathy and neurological and graft-related events. The purpose of this review is to thus provide key insights into successful hybrid aortic arch replacements and to discuss useful tips and relevant considerations regarding its use.
Learning More May Not Be Better: Knowledge Transferability in Vision-and-Language Tasks
Authors: Chen Tianwei , Garcia Noa , Otani Mayu , Chu Chenhui , Nakashima Yuta , Nagahara Hajime
Published: November 2024

Is learning more knowledge always better for vision-and-language models? In this paper, we study knowledge transferability in multi-modal tasks. The current tendency in machine learning is to assume that by joining multiple datasets from different tasks, their overall performance improves. However, we show that not all knowledge transfers well or has a positive impact on related tasks, even when they share a common goal. We conducted an exhaustive analysis based on hundreds of cross-experiments on twelve vision-and-language tasks categorized into four groups. While tasks in the same group are prone to improve each other, results show that this is not always the case. In addition, other factors, such as dataset size or the pre-training stage, may have a great impact on how well the knowledge is transferred.
Key Role of Cold-Start Circuits in Low-Power Energy Harvesting Systems: A Research Review
Authors: Shi Xiao , Cai Mengye , Jiang Yanfeng
Published: November 2024

The primary functions of an energy harvesting system include the harvesting, transformation, management, and storage of energy. Until now, various types of energy, with different power levels, have been harvested and stored by the energy harvesting system. In low-power scenarios, such as microwaves, sound, friction, and pressure, a specific low-power energy harvesting system is required. Due to the absence of an external power supply in such systems, cold-start circuits play a crucial role in igniting the low-power energy harvesting system, ensuring a reliable start-up from the initial state. This paper reviews the categorization and characteristics of energy harvesting systems, with a focus on the design and performance parameters of cold-start circuits. A tabular comparison of existing cold-start strategies is presented herein. The study demonstrates that resonance-based integrated cold-start methods offer significant advantages in terms of conversion efficiency and dynamic range, while ring oscillator-based integrated cold-start methods achieve the lowest start-up voltage. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges of self-starting and future research directions, highlighting the potential role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks, in optimizing the design of energy harvesting systems.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Toroidal Propeller Based on Detached Eddy Simulation Method
Authors: Xu Pei , Guo Yingchun , Ye Liyu , Song Kewei
Published: November 2024

Toroidal propellers hold significant potential as underwater propulsion systems compared to traditional propellers, primarily due to their unique shape, which effectively reduces and minimizes hydrodynamic noise and enhances structural stability and overall strength. To investigate hydrodynamic loads, flow fields, and vortex characteristics of toroidal propellers, numerical simulations were conducted on both toroidal and conventional propellers using the detached eddy simulation (DES) method in Star CCM+ computational fluid dynamics software. Results show that at low advance coefficients, the primary thrust generated by toroidal blades comes from pressure difference in the front section, whereas at high advance coefficients, it originates in the back section. A high-velocity region exists between the front and back sections of the toroidal propeller, with the range and intensity of this region gradually increasing from front to back. The wake vortex of the toroidal propeller comprises two parts: the tip vortex, where the front section tip vortex, back section tip vortex, and transition section leakage vortex merge, and the trailing edge vortex, which forms from the fusion of the front and back section leakage vortices. The fusion of these vortices is influenced by the advance coefficient. Compared to conventional propellers, the toroidal propellers exhibit a more extensive and intense trailing edge vortex in the wake flow field. These findings provide guidance for the optimization design research of toroidal propellers.
Optimization of a Dual-Channel Water-Cooling Heat Dissipation System for PMSM in Underwater Unmanned Vehicles Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tian Wenlong , Zhang Chen , Mao Zhaoyong , Cheng Bo
Published: November 2024

To minimize the temperature of the propulsion motor and reduce flow loss in the water-cooling structure during the operation of an underwater unmanned vehicle, this paper employs a multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the dimensions of the inner and outer dual-channel water-cooling structure as well as the flow rate of the cooling water. Firstly, the influence of design variables on response variables was examined through sensitivity analysis. Subsequently, a model sample library for simulating the coupled temperature and flow fields of the motor was constructed, and a response surface model between the variables was developed. Finally, appropriate sample points were selected from the Pareto solution set to verify the validity of the optimization results through CFD simulation and error analysis. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the cooling water flow rate had the greatest impact on both the maximum motor temperature and the flow losses of the water-cooling structure, with values of 77.79% and 99.84%, respectively. On the other hand, the optimal design parameters for the four dimensions of the channel and the cooling water flow rate were obtained. Compared with the initial dimensions of the water-cooling structure, the maximum temperature of the motor decreased from 332.86 K to 331.46 K. Simultaneously, the flow loss of the water-cooling structure decreased from 100.02 kPa to 59.58 kPa, with a maximum reduction rate of 40.43%. The optimization effect of the motor cooling system is significant, which provides valuable insights for system design under the premise of ignoring multi-objective interactions.
Deconstruction of Alkali Lignin and Lignocellulosic Substrates by Aspergillus ochraceus DY1 Isolated from Rotten Wood
Authors: Nilza Namdol , Prasad Ram , Varma Ajit , Salam Menaka Devi
Published: November 2024

The present study reports the ability of a fungal isolate Aspergillus ochraceus DY1, obtained from rotten wood, to degrade alkali lignin (AL) and lignocelluloses in an efficient manner. The efficiency of degradation was monitored by measuring the percentage of decolorization and utilizing GC-MS for identifying degradation products at different time intervals (10, 20, 30, and 40 days). The optimal degradation of alkali lignin (AL) was achieved at 0.01% concentration, 25 °C, and pH 7, resulting in 63.64% degradation after 40 days of incubation. A GC-MS analysis revealed significant degradation products, including n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecane, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,6,11-trimethyl-dodecane, dibutyl phthalate, oleic acid, 3,5-dimethoxy-phenol acetate, and 2-(phenylmethylene)- cyclohexanone. Structural changes in AL were confirmed through HSQC 2D NMR and size-exclusion chromatography, indicating depolymerization and reduced molecular weight. Furthermore, A. ochraceus DY1 demonstrated substantial biomass loss in corn stover (62.5%) and sugarcane bagasse (50%) after 7 days of solid-state fermentation. Surface morphological depletion was observed in the bio-treated corn stover through SEM and confocal microscopy, which was not seen in the untreated one. These findings underscore the potential of A. ochraceus DY1 for efficient lignin degradation, with promising applications in biofuel production, waste management in the paper and pulp industry, and the synthesis of value-added bioproducts.
Real-Life Insights into Pertussis Diagnosis: High Yield of PCR Testing and Clinical Outcomes—An Emerging Old Enemy or Just a Sign of PCR Times?
Authors: Dimeas Ilias E. , Kotsiou Ourania S. , Salgkami Polyxeni , Poulakida Irene , Boutlas Stylianos , Daniil Zoe , Papadamou Georgia , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pertussis remains a significant public health concern despite effective vaccines due to diagnostic challenges and symptom overlap with other respiratory infections. This study assesses the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis using advanced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and examines the clinical outcomes over a one-month follow-up. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, from April to June 2024, collecting 532 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with respiratory symptoms. Diagnostic testing utilized the BioFire® Respiratory 2.1 Plus Panel. Demographics, clinical presentations, vaccination histories, and clinical outcomes were systematically recorded and analyzed. Results: Of 532 patients, 47 (8.8%) were diagnosed with pertussis. The mean age was 61.87 ± 13.4 years; 57.4% were female. Only 12.8% had contact with known pertussis patients. Regarding vaccination history, 36.2% had received diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines, with the last dose administered an average of 46 years prior to this study. The primary symptom was cough (100%), with additional symptoms including fever (36.2%) and paroxysmal cough (34%). Six patients (12.8%) required hospitalization due to pneumonia and severe respiratory failure. All patients received successful treatment; however, 23.4% reported persistent post-infectious cough at the one-month follow-up. Conclusions: PCR testing significantly improved the diagnosis of pertussis among adults presenting with respiratory symptoms. The findings highlight the need for updated vaccination strategies and improved diagnostic protocols to effectively manage pertussis and reduce its public health impact.
More Realistic, More Better? How Anthropomorphic Images of Virtual Influencers Impact the Purchase Intentions of Consumers
Authors: Pan Siyu , Qin Zhouyao , Zhang Yiwei
Published: November 2024

A growing number of enterprises are using virtual influencers on livestreaming e-commerce platforms to extend the duration for which live streamers stay online. This article uses the uncanny valley phenomenon to investigate the effects of the level of anthropomorphization of images of virtual influencers on the purchase intention of consumers. We divided the images of virtual influencers into three categories according to their level of anthropomorphization: cartoon images (low), medium-realistic images (medium), and hyper-realistic images (high). We identified a U-shaped relationship between the level of anthropomorphization of images of virtual influencers and consumers’ purchase intention. Virtual influencers represented by cartoon images and hyper-realistic images enhanced the purchase intentions of consumers, while streamers with medium-realistic images reduced them. Algorithmic aversion was found to play a mediating role in this relation. In addition, self-efficacy had an inhibitory effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between the anthropomorphism of the image of the virtual influencer and algorithmic aversion. When the virtual influencer had a medium-realistic image, consumers exhibited the strongest algorithmic aversion, the lowest purchase intention, and the most significant inhibition in self-efficacy. This work provides guidance for designing images of virtual influencers for marketing-related activities on livestreaming e-commerce platforms.
Rectal Prolapse in Laboratory-Housed Macaques: Assessing Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Enhanced Treatment Modality
Authors: Leleu Julie , Simon Maxime , da Silva Luiz Cesar Cavalcanti Pereira , Virgilio Tommaso , de la Garza Melissa A. , Bakker Jaco
Published: November 2024

Rectal prolapse is a common condition in laboratory-housed macaques, usually associated with recurrent gastroenteritis and stress. However, evidence for both statements is lacking. Therefore, the prevalence of rectal prolapses and their risk factors in laboratory-housed macaques have yet to be assessed. In addition, a standard of care pharmacological treatment remains to be recognized and documented. Thus, a retrospective study involving 816 laboratory-housed macaques was conducted, in which the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment success of rectal prolapses was assessed. The prevalence was shown to be 3.92%, and all cases could be either directly or indirectly linked to stress factors. By eliminating the suggested stressor, most rectal prolapses reverted naturally (69%). Moreover, we discuss the advantage of the ancillary administration of hyoscine butylbromide and metamizole as a treatment modality.
Analysis of the Carbon Emission Trajectory and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Space Transfer: A Case Study of the Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Bao Xiwen , Wang Xin , Ge Ziao , Xi Jiayao , Zhao Yinghui
Published: November 2024

The reconstruction of land spatial planning and the increasing severity of carbon emissions pose significant challenges to carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategies. To establish low-carbon and sustainable agricultural spatial planning while achieving dual carbon strategy goals, it is essential to accurately analyze the mechanisms of agricultural spatial transfer and their carbon emission effects, as well as the key factors influencing carbon emissions from agricultural spatial transfer. Therefore, this study, based on land use remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020, proposes a carbon emission accounting system for agricultural space transfer. The carbon emission total from agricultural space transfer in the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration over the 20-year period is calculated using the carbon emission coefficient method. Additionally, the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors are analyzed using the standard deviation ellipse method and the geographical detector model. The results indicate that: (1) The agricultural space in the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration has increased, with a reduction in living space and an expansion of production space. Among land type conversions, the conversion between cultivated land and forest land has been the most intense. (2) The conversion of agricultural space to grassland and built-up land has been the primary source of net carbon emissions. The carbon emission center has shown a migration path characterized by “eastward movement and southward progression,” with a high-north to low-south distribution pattern. Significant carbon emission differences were observed at different spatial scales. (3) Natural environmental factors dominate the carbon emissions from agricultural space transfer, while socioeconomic and policy factors act as driving forces. Elevation is the primary factor influencing carbon emissions from agricultural space transfer. Interactions between factors generally exhibit nonlinear enhancement, with the interaction between elevation, annual precipitation, and industrial structure showing a strong explanatory power. Notably, the interactions between elevation, average annual precipitation, and industrial structure demonstrate significant explanatory power. These findings highlight the necessity for government action to balance agricultural spatial use with ecological protection and economic development, thereby providing scientific references for optimizing future land spatial structures and formulating regional carbon balance policies.
A Machine Learning Model Based on MRI Radiomics to Predict Response to Chemoradiation Among Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Crimì Filippo , D’Alessandro Carlo , Zanon Chiara , Celotto Francesco , Salvatore Christian , Interlenghi Matteo , Castiglioni Isabella , Quaia Emilio , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Spolverato Gaya
Published: November 2024

Background: With rectum-sparing protocols becoming more common for rectal cancer treatment, this study aimed to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) in rectal cancer patients using pre-treatment MRI and a radiomics-based machine learning approach. Methods: We divided MRI-data from 102 patients into a training cohort (n = 72) and a validation cohort (n = 30). In the training cohort, 52 patients were classified as non-responders and 20 as pCR based on histological results from total mesorectal excision. Results: We trained various machine learning models using radiomic features to capture disease heterogeneity between responders and non-responders. The best-performing model achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 73% and an accuracy of 70%, with a sensitivity of 78% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%. In the validation cohort, the model showed a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 75%, and accuracy of 80%. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of radiomics and machine learning in predicting treatment response and support the integration of advanced imaging and computational methods for personalized rectal cancer management.
Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease: Insights and Future Directions for Effective Management
Authors: Poorniammal Rajendran , Jernisha Jerald , Prabhu Somasundaram , Dufossé Laurent
Published: November 2024

Pokkah Boeng disease has been observed in nearly all countries where sugarcane is commercially cultivated. The disease was considered a minor concern in earlier times, but due to climate change, it has now become a major issue. It is caused by fungi, specifically the Fusarium fungal complex. Fusarium fujikuroi, F. sacchari, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans are the major species causing the disease in sugarcane. The disease spreads rapidly, and unpredictable environmental conditions, along with the overlap of crop stages with biotic factors, contributed to its increased severity and varied symptom patterns. This disease is primarily airborne, spreading through air currents. Secondary transmission occurs via infected setts, irrigation water, splashed rain, and soil. It typically emerges during hot and humid conditions, particularly when the sugarcane is experiencing rapid growth. The most effective way to control Pokkah Boeng is by cultivating resistant varieties and removing canes exhibiting ‘top rot’ or ‘knife cut’ symptoms. Apply 0.1% carbendazim, 0.2% copper oxychloride, or 0.3% mancozeb for two to three sprayings at 15-day intervals. Using biological methods to control plant pathogens presents a promising alternative to the heavy reliance on chemical fungicides in modern agriculture, which can lead to environmental pollution and the development of resistant strains.
The Development of a System for Elbow Joint Range of Motion Measurement Based on Image Recognition and Myoelectric Signals
Authors: Kao Hsuan-Kai , Wu Yi-Chao , Lu Chi-Heng , Hou Xiu-Ling , Lee Tsair-Fwu , Tuan Chiu-Ching
Published: November 2024

After a fracture, patients have reduced willingness to bend and extend their elbow joint due to pain, resulting in muscle atrophy, contracture, and stiffness around the elbow. Moreover, this may lead to progressive atrophy of the muscles around the elbow, resulting in permanent functional loss. Currently, a goniometer is used to measure the range of motion, ROM, to evaluate the recovery of the affected limb. However, the measurement process can cause measurement errors ranging from 4 to 5 degrees due to unskilled operation or inaccurate placement, leading to inaccurate judgments of the recovery of the affected limb. In addition, the current measurement methods do not include an assessment of muscle endurance. In this paper, the proposed device combines image recognition and a myoelectric signal sensor to measure the joint movement angle and muscle endurance. The movement angle of the elbow joint is measured using image recognition. Muscle endurance is measured using the myoelectric signal sensor. The measured data are transmitted to a cloud database via an app we have proposed to help medical staff track a patient’s recovery status. The average error value of static image recognition and verification is up to 0.84 degrees. The average error value of dynamic image recognition and verification is less than 1%. The average error of total harmonic distortion (THD) verified by the myoelectric signal sensor is less than ±3%. It was proven that our system could be applied to measuring elbow joint range of motion. Since this is pilot research, most of the measurement subjects are healthy people without dysfunction in arm movement, and it is difficult to observe differences in the measurement results. In the future, experiments will be conducted on patients with elbow fractures through the IRB. This is expected to achieve the effect of encouraging patients to be actively rehabilitated at home through their measurement data and images of their actions being displayed in real time using our cheap and compact device and app.
The Intensity of BCL2A1 Expression Increases According to the Stage Progression of Acute Histologic Chorioamnionitis in the Extra-Placental Membranes of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Park Chan-Wook , Lee Eun-Mi , Shin Seung-Han , Lee Chul , Won Jae-Kyung
Published: November 2024

Our prior findings showed that BCL2A1 in neutrophils is highly expressed in the extra-placental membranes (EPMs) of both the human spontaneous preterm-birth (PTB) (i.e., PTL or preterm PROM) and nonhuman-primate PTB model. However, no data exist on whether the intensity of BCL2A1 expression quantitatively increases according to the stage progression of acute histologic chorioamnionitis (acute HCA) in EPM. The objective is to investigate whether the intensity of BCL2A1 expression quantitatively increases according to the stage progression of acute HCA in EPM among spontaneous PTB cases, as measured using QuPath. The study population included 121 singleton PTBs (gestational age [GA] at delivery < 34 weeks) due to either preterm labor or preterm PROM. With digital image analysis, we calculated the percentage of BCL2A1-positive cells in immunohistochemistry according to the stage progression of acute HCA in EPMs as the primary outcome and examined the relationship between the percentage of BCL2A1-positive cells and either the GA at delivery or the amniotic-fluid (AF) WBC count as the secondary outcome. The median percentage of BCL2A1-positive cells progressively increases with the stage progression of acute HCA in EPM (group-1 vs. group-2 vs. group-3 vs. group-4 vs. group-5; 7.62 vs. 5.15 vs. 43.57 vs. 71.07; γ = 0.552, p < 0.000001). The percentage of BCL2A1-positive cells in EPMs and the AFWBC count shows a positive correlation (γ = 0.492, p = 0.000385). Moreover, the percentage of BCL2A1-positive cells in EPMs continuously decreased with increasing GA at delivery (γ = −0.253, p = 0.005148). In conclusion, the intensity of BCL2A1 expression increases according to the stage progression of acute HCA in EPMs and the elevation of AFWBC among spontaneous PTB cases. This finding suggests BCL2A1 in EPMs may be a promising marker and target for acute HCA.
Abscopal Effect with Liver-Directed Therapy: A Review of the Current Literature and Future Directions
Authors: Levine Jonah M. , Habib Alyssar , Silk Mikhail , Sacks Greg D. , Winograd Rafael , Hill Colin S. , Javed Ammar A. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Hewitt D. Brock
Published: November 2024

The liver is a common site for metastatic disease. In select patients with isolated liver metastases, surgical resection improves survival and may be potentially curative in patients with favorable “tumor biology”. However, when surgical resection is not feasible, liver-directed therapies (LDTs) can also improve outcomes, including survival, in the appropriate clinical situations. LDTs, including hepatic artery infusion, radioembolization, radiation, and ablation techniques, such as thermal ablation and histotripsy, offer local control and potential systemic effects, including the abscopal effect. The abscopal effect occurs when nontargeted, nontreated tumors regress following localized therapy to other tumors. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that antigen-induced upregulation of key immune regulators plays a central role in this process. Unfortunately, clinical reports of the abscopal effect following LDT are exceedingly rare. However, histotripsy, a noninvasive, nonionizing, and nonthermal ablation technique, may induce an abscopal effect more frequently and robustly than other LDTs. Histotripsy enhances tumor immunogenicity through precise acoustic cavitation that better preserves the local tissue architecture while increasing antigen release, resulting in a robust local and systemic immune response. Ongoing trials are investigating these immunogenic mechanisms and the ability to generate an abscopal effect more reliably with adjuncts such as checkpoint inhibitors. This work has significant implications regarding the management of patients with liver metastasis.
Research on Compression Failure Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with 2% Copper-Coated Fibers Under Impact Load
Authors: Liu Guangkun , Bai Zhengxiong , Liu Wei , He Yajie
Published: November 2024

This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of plain concrete (PC) and 2% steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) under both static and dynamic loading conditions, utilizing advanced mechanical testing equipment and dynamic impact testing methods. The strain rate range studied spans from 10−4 s−1 to 483.12 s−1. Under static loading conditions, the maximum bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity of 2% SFRC are 2.16 times and 3.83 times greater than those of PC, respectively, indicating a significant enhancement in toughness and resistance to failure. Under dynamic loading conditions, the energy absorption capacity of SFRC increases to 6.36 times that of PC. The impact failure behavior of SFRC was analyzed using the split-Hopkinson pressure bar—digital image correlation (SHPB-DIC) method, revealing that the failure was primarily driven by splitting tension. The failure process was subsequently categorized into four distinct stages. At high strain rates, the dynamic enhancement factor, peak stress, and peak strain of SFRC exhibit a linear increase with strain rate, whereas the energy absorption capacity increases in a nonlinear manner. This study presents a simplified viscoelastic constitutive model with four parameters and develops a damage-based viscoelastic constitutive model with seven parameters, demonstrating its broad applicability. The findings offer both theoretical insights and experimental evidence to support the use of SFRC under high strain rate conditions.
Effect of Glycerol Stearates on the Thermal and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable Poly(butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhang Xinpeng , Xu Jun , Ding Jianping , Li Wanli , Guo Baohua
Published: November 2024

Two types of glycerol stearates, glycerol monostearate (GMS) and glycerol tristearate (GTS), were added into poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT), with the aim to improve their water vapor barrier properties. The effects of the two small molecules on microstructure, chain mobility, and surface hydrophobicity were amply assessed via both experimental and simulation methods. The incorporation of the modifiers at small loadings, 5 wt% of GMS and 1 wt% of GTS, resulted in substantial improvements in water vapor barrier properties, while a further increase in the modifier content resulted in deterioration. The optimal water vapor permeability reached values of 2.63 × 10−13 g·cm/(cm2·s·Pa) and 6.55 × 10−13 g·cm/(cm2·s·Pa), which are substantially lower than the permeability, 8.43 × 10−13 g·cm/(cm2·s·Pa), of neat PBAT. The water vapor permeability of PBAT/GMS blends was also proven to be time-dependent and dramatically decreased with time, mainly due to the migration process of small molecules, forming a waterproof layer. The barrier improvement results are assumed to be related to the hydrophobic effect of glycerol stearate and are largely dependent on the content, polarity, compatibility, and dispersion of modifiers. In addition, the incorporation of modifiers did not largely sacrifice the mechanical strength of PBAT, which is advantageous in mulch film applications.
Selenium Disulfide from Sustainable Resources: An Example of “Redneck” Chemistry with a Pinch of Salt
Authors: Tiganescu Eduard , Safinazlou Shahrzad , Abdin Ahmad Yaman , Lilischkis Rainer , Schäfer Karl-Herbert , Fink-Straube Claudia , Nasim Muhammad Jawad , Jacob Claus
Published: November 2024

Selenium disulfide (often referred to as SeS2) encompasses a family of mixed selenium-sulfide eight-membered rings, traditionally used as an anti-dandruff agent in shampoos. SeS2 can be produced by reacting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with selenite (SeO32−) under acidic conditions. This chemistry is also possible with natural spring waters that are rich in H2S, thus providing an avenue for the more sustainable, green production of high-quality SeS2 particles from an abundant natural source. The orange material obtained this way consists of small globules with a diameter in the range of 1.1 to 1.2 µm composed of various SexS8−x chalcogen rings. It shows the usual composition and characteristics of a Se-S interchalcogen compound in EDX and Raman spectroscopy. Since the mineral water from Bad Nenndorf is also rich in salts, the leftover brine has been evaporated to yield a selenium-enriched salt mixture similar to table salt. As the water from Bad Nenndorf—in comparison to other bodies of water around the world—is still rather modest in terms of its H2S content, especially when compared with volcanic waters, this approach may be refined further to become economically and ecologically viable, especially as a regional business model for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Investigating Structural and Surface Modifications in Ion-Implanted 4H-SiC for Enhanced Dopant Distribution Analysis in Power Semiconductors
Authors: Jang Taehun , Byeon Mirang , Kang Minji , Lee Sang-Gil , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Sang-Geul , Min Won Ja , Hong Tae Eun
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop a reference material that enables precise management of dopant distribution in power semiconductors. We thoroughly investigate the structural and surface properties of 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) single crystals implanted without annealing using aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) ions. Ion-implanted 4H-SiC was thoroughly evaluated using advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), time of flight medium energy ion scattering (ToF-MEIS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The evaluated results indicate that, without post-annealing, ion-implanted 4H-SiC can serve as an effective reference material for the precise control of trace elements and the quantitative monitoring of dopant distribution in power semiconductor applications.
Incorporating Birch Bark Suberinic Acid Residue Powder into Structural Particleboards: Exploring Fractional Influence on Material Properties in Circular Economy Framework
Authors: Wronka Anita , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of suberic acid residue (SAR) additions on structural single-layer particleboard (like the P5 type, according to EN 312) properties, specifically the water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), screw withdrawal resistance (SWR), and internal bond (IB) strength. The results indicate that finer SAR fractions (1/0.25 and 2/1) reduce the WA after 2 h of soaking, while larger fractions increase the WA after 24 h, with only the smallest fraction meeting the TS standards. The MOR values (18.5–19.6 N mm−2) and MOE (3627–3811 N mm−2) remain largely unaffected by SAR additions, while the SWR shows minimal variation across various SAR fractions (203–209 N mm−1). The IB strength improves with SAR additions, peaking at 2.10 N mm−2 for the 5/2 fraction, though slightly decreasing with the largest fraction (8/5). A density analysis reveals an increased surface density with finer SAR fractions, benefiting the surface strength but reducing the core uniformity with larger fractions. These findings suggest that SAR-enhanced particleboards could be valuable in applications requiring moisture resistance, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and exterior cladding. Further research should explore optimizing the SAR concentration, combining it with hydrophobic agents, and examining its long-term stability under varying environmental conditions to enhance its structural performance for sustainable building applications.
Hydroxyapatite Nanocoatings Deposited by Means of Resonant Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation
Authors: Maskowicz Dominik , Maroszek Kacper , Jendrzejewski Rafał , Sawczak Mirosław
Published: November 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most widely studied materials for utilization in the development of artificial implants. Research is mainly aimed at the production and modification of HAp coatings for simplification of the deposition process, cost reduction, and increase in biocompatibility. In this paper, the authors deposited HAp synthetic microparticles by means of matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) on Ti6Al4V alloy plate substrates and obtained uniform HAp coatings without further treatment or modifications. The authors utilized a tunable pulsed laser to adjust its wavelength to the selected solvents, in order to optimize the process for deposition speed and quality. The following solvents were used as matrices: deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, and a 3:2 mixture of isopropanol:acetonitrile. Obtained coatings were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and profilometry in order to evaluate coating quality, uniformity, and structural integrity. MAPLE deposition allowed the acquisition of approx. 200 nm thick coatings for water and isopropanol matrices and approx. 320 nm for isopropanol:acetonitrile matrix, which indicates an increase in deposition rate by 37%. The obtained coatings meet requirements for further biocompatibility testing, material modification, and composite synthesis.
Feature Optimization and Dropout in Genetic Programming for Data-Limited Image Classification
Authors: Lee Chan Min , Ahn Chang Wook , Kim Man-Je
Published: November 2024

Image classification in data-limited environments presents a significant challenge, as collecting and labeling large image datasets in real-world applications is often costly and time-consuming. This has led to increasing interest in developing models under data-constrained conditions. This paper introduces the Feature Optimization and Dropout in Genetic Programming (FOD-GP) framework, which addresses this issue by leveraging Genetic Programming (GP) to evolve models automatically. FOD-GP incorporates feature optimization and adaptive dropout techniques to improve overall performance. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets, including CIFAR10, FMNIST, and SVHN, demonstrate that FOD-GP improves training efficiency. In particular, FOD-GP achieves up to a 12% increase in classification accuracy over traditional methods. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through statistical analysis, confirming its practicality for image classification. These findings establish a foundation for future advancements in data-limited and interpretable machine learning, offering a scalable solution for complex classification tasks.
A Parallel-GPU DGTD Algorithm with a Third-Order LTS Scheme for Solving Multi-Scale Electromagnetic Problems
Authors: Lizarazo Marlon J. , Silva Elson J.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel parallel-GPU discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method with a third-order local time stepping (LTS) scheme for the solution of multi-scale electromagnetic problems. The parallel-GPU implementations were developed based on NVIDIA’s recommendations to guarantee the optimal GPU performance, and an LTS scheme based on the third-order Runge–Kutta (RK3) method was used to accelerate the solution of multi-scale problems further. This LTS scheme used third-order interpolation polynomials to ensure the continuity of the time solution. The numerical results indicate that the strategy with the parallel-GPU DGTD and LTS maintains the order of precision of standard global time stepping (GTS) and reduces the execution time by about 78% for a complex multi-scale electromagnetic scattering problem.