bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the use of satellite remote sensing based approach for determining aerosol direct radiative effect over land: a case study over China
Authors: Sundström A.-M. , Arola A. , Kolmonen P. , Xue Y. , de Leeuw G. , Kulmala M.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. A satellite-based approach to derive the aerosol direct short wave (SW) radiative effect (ADRE) was studied in an environment with highly variable aerosol conditions over Eastern China from March to October 2009. The method is based on using coincident SW Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and aerosol optical depths (AODs) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Sectroradiometer (MODIS). The estimate for instantaneous clear sky ADRE is obtained by establishing linear regression between CERES fluxes and MODIS AODs. Even though the approach has been used in a number of studies, less focus has been paid to the method itself. In this study the main goals were first to study the method in more detail as well as it's applicability over Eastern China, and second to derive a satellite-based estimate of ADRE over the study area. Before the linear fitting, CERES fluxes were normalized to a fixed solar zenith angle, Earth–Sun distance and atmospheric water vapour content to reduce the noise in the flux observations that was not related to aerosols. The satellite based clear sky estimates for median instantaneous and diurnally averaged ADRE over the study area were −8.8 W m−2, and −5.1 W m−2, respectively. Over heavily industrialized areas the cooling at TOA was two to more than three times the median value, and associated with high AODs (>0.5). Especially during the summer months positive ADREs were observed locally over dark surfaces. This was most probably a method artifact related to systematic change of aerosol type, subvisual cloud contamination or both. The key question in the satellite-based approach is the accuracy of the estimated aerosol-free TOA flux (F0,TOA). Comparison with simulated F0,TOA showed that both the satellite method and the model produced qualitatively similar spatial patterns, but absolute values differed. In 58% of the cases the satellite based F0,TOA was within ±10 W m−2 of the modeled value. Over bright surfaces the satellite-based method tend to produce lower F0,TOA than the model.
The mobile Water vapor Aerosol Raman LIdar and its implication in the framework of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs: application to a dust transport process
Authors: Chazette P. , Marnas F. , Totems J.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The increasing importance of the coupling of water and aerosol cycles in environmental applications requires observation tools that allow simultaneous measurements of these two fundamental processes for climatological and meteorological studies. For this purpose, a new mobile Raman lidar, WALI (Water vapor and Aerosol LIdar), has been developed and implemented within the framework of the international HyMeX and ChArMEx programs. This paper presents the key properties of this new device and its first applications to scientific studies. The lidar uses an eye-safe emission in the ultraviolet range at 354.7 nm and a set of compact refractive receiving telescopes. Cross-comparisons between rawinsoundings performed from balloon or aircraft and lidar measurements have shown a good agreement in the derived water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR). The discrepancies are generally less than 0.5 g kg−1 and therefore within the error bars of the respective instruments. A detailed study of the uncertainty of the WVMR retrieval was conducted and shows values between 7 and 11%, which is largely constrained by the quality of the lidar calibration. It also proves that the lidar is able to measure the WVMR during daytime over a range of about 1 km. In addition the WALI system provides measurements of aerosol optical properties such as the lidar ratio (LR) or the particulate depolarization ratio (PDR). An important example of scientific application addressing the main objectives of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs is then presented, following an event of desert dust aerosols over the Balearic Islands in October 2012. This dust intrusion may have had a significant impact on the intense precipitations that occurred over southwestern France and the Spanish Mediterranean coasts. During this event, the LR and PDR values obtained are in the ranges of ~45–63 ± 6 and 0.10–0.19 ± 0.01 sr, respectively, which is representative of dust aerosols. The dust layers are also shown to be associated with significant WVMR, i.e., between 4 and 6.7 g kg−1.
Verification of a non-hydrostatic dynamical core using horizontally spectral element vertically finite difference method: 2-D aspects
Authors: Choi S.-J. , Giraldo F. X. , Kim J. , Shin S.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The non-hydrostatic (NH) compressible Euler equations of dry atmosphere are solved in a simplified two dimensional (2-D) slice framework employing a spectral element method (SEM) for the horizontal discretization and a finite difference method (FDM) for the vertical discretization. The SEM uses high-order nodal basis functions associated with Lagrange polynomials based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) quadrature points. The FDM employs a third-order upwind biased scheme for the vertical flux terms and a centered finite difference scheme for the vertical derivative terms and quadrature. The Euler equations used here are in a flux form based on the hydrostatic pressure vertical coordinate, which are the same as those used in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, but a hybrid sigma-pressure vertical coordinate is implemented in this model. We verified the model by conducting widely used standard benchmark tests: the inertia-gravity wave, rising thermal bubble, density current wave, and linear hydrostatic mountain wave. The results from those tests demonstrate that the horizontally spectral element vertically finite difference model is accurate and robust. By using the 2-D slice model, we effectively show that the combined spatial discretization method of the spectral element and finite difference method in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, offers a viable method for the development of a NH dynamical core.
Development of a zoning-based environmental–ecological coupled model for lakes: a case study of Baiyangdian Lake in northern China
Authors: Zhao Y. W. , Xu M. J. , Xu F. , Wu S. R. , Yin X. A.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Environmental/ecological models are widely used for lake management as they provide a means to understand physical, chemical, and biological processes in highly complex ecosystems. Most research has focused on the development of environmental (water quality) and ecological models, separately. Limited studies were developed to couple the two models, and in these limited coupled models, a lake was regarded as a whole for analysis (i.e. considering the lake to be one well-mixed box), which is appropriate for small-scale lakes but is not sufficient to capture spatial variations within middle-scale or large-scale lakes. In response to this problem, this paper seeks to establish a zoning-based environmental–ecological coupled model for a lake. Hierarchical cluster analysis was adopted to determine the number of zones in a given lake based on hydrological, water quality, and ecological data analysis. The MIKE 21 model was used to construct 2-D hydrodynamics and water quality simulations. STELLA software was used to create a lake ecological model that can simulate the spatial variations of ecological condition based on flow field distribution results generated by MIKE 21. Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater lake in northern China, was adopted as the study case. The results showed that the new model is promising for predicting spatial variations of ecological conditions in response to changes in lake water quantity and quality, and could be useful for lake management.
The influence of grid resolution on the prediction of natural and road-related shallow landslides
Authors: Penna D. , Borga M. , Aronica G. T. , Brigandì G. , Tarolli P.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. This work evaluates the predictive power of the quasi-dynamic shallow landslide model QD-SLaM to simulate shallow landslide locations in a small-scale Mediterranean landscape, namely, the lower portion (2.6 km2) of the Giampilieri catchment, located in Sicily (Italy). The catchment was impacted by a sequence of high-intensity storms over the years 2007–2009, resulting in widespread landsliding, with a total landslide initiation area amounting to 2.6% of the basin area. The effect of high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) on the quality of model predictions is tested by considering four DTM resolutions: 2, 4, 10 and 20 m. Moreover, the impact of the dense forest road network on the model performance is evaluated by separately considering road-related landslides and natural landslides. The landslide model does not incorporate the description of road-related failures and is applied without calibration of the model parameters. The model predictive power is shown to be DTM-resolution dependent. Use of coarser resolution has a smoothing effect on terrain attributes, with local slope angles decreasing and contributing areas becoming larger. The percentage of watershed area represented by the model as unconditionally unstable (i.e. failing even without the addition of water from precipitation) ranges between 6.3% at 20 m DTM and 13.8% at 2 m DTM, showing an overestimation of the mapped landslide area. We consider this prediction as an indication for likely failing sites in future storms rather than areas proved stable during previous storms. When assessed over the sample of mapped non-road-related landslides, better model performances are reported for 4 and 10 m DTM resolution, thus highlighting the fact that higher DTM resolution does not necessarily mean better model performances. Model performances over road-related failures are lower than for the natural cases, and slightly increase with decreasing DTM resolution. These findings indicate that to realize the full potential of high-resolution topography, more extensive work is needed aiming more specifically to identify the extent of the artificial structures and their impact on shallow landsliding processes.
Use of field and laboratory methods for estimating unsaturated hydraulic properties under different land-use
Authors: Siltecho S. , Hammecker C. , Sriboonlue V. , Clermont-Dauphin C. , Trelo-ges V. , Antonino A. C. D. , Angulo-Jaramillo R.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Adequate water management is required to improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural systems when water is scarce or over-abundant, especially in the case of land-use changes. In order to quantify, to predict and eventually to control water and solute transport into soil, soil hydraulic properties need to be determined precisely. As their determination is often tedious, expensive and time-consuming, many alternative field and laboratory techniques are now available. The aim of this study was to determine unsaturated soil hydraulic properties under different land-uses and to compare the results obtained with different measurement methods (Beerkan, Disk infiltrometer, Evaporation, pedotransfer function). The study has been realised on a tropical sandy soil in a mini watershed in NE Thailand. The experimental plots were positioned in a rubber tree plantation in different positions along a slope, in ruzi grass pasture and in an original forest site. Non parametric statistics demonstrated that van Genuchten unsaturated soil parameters (Ks, α and n), were significantly different according to the measurement methods employed whereas location was not a significant discriminating factor when all methods were considered together. However within each method, parameters n and α were statistically different according to the sites. These parameters were used with Hydrus1D for a one year simulation and computed pressure head did not show noticeable differences for the various sets of parameters, highlighting the fact that for modelling, any of these measurement method could be employed. The choice of the measurement method would therefore be motivated by the simplicity, robustness and its low cost.
Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling
Authors: Fraser S. A. , Wood N. J. , Johnston D. M. , Leonard G. S. , Greening P. D. , Rossetto T.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate evacuation departure time or assumed a common departure time for all exposed population. In this paper, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an existing anisotropic least-cost path distance framework. The model is demonstrated for a case study of local-source tsunami evacuation in Napier City, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. There is significant diurnal variation in pedestrian evacuation potential at the suburb-level, although the total number of people unable to evacuate is stable across all scenarios. Whilst some fixed travel speeds can approximate a distributed speed approach, others may overestimate evacuation potential. The impact of evacuation departure time is a significant contributor to total evacuation time. This method improves least-cost modelling of evacuation dynamics for evacuation planning, casualty modelling, and development of emergency response training scenarios.
Modelling seasonal circulation and thermohaline structure of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Gunduz M. , Özsoy E.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The wind- and buoyancy-driven seasonal circulation of the Caspian Sea is investigated for a better understanding of its basin-wide and mesoscale dynamics, mixing and transport. The model successfully reproduces the following basic elements of the circulation: the southward-flowing current systems along the eastern and western coasts, the upwelling along the eastern coast, the cyclonic circulation in the Middle Caspian Sea (MCS), especially in winter, and the cyclonic and anticyclonic cells of circulation in the South Caspian Sea (SCS). The observed seasonal variability of sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) is well reproduced. Mesoscale structures, not always evident from hydrographic observations, are identified.
Different spaces: Exploring Facebook as heterotopia
Authors: Rymarczuk Robin , Derksen Maarten
Published: June 2014

In this paper we explore the space of Facebook, and use Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to describe it. We show that the heterotopic nature of Facebook explains not only much of its attraction, but even more the discomfort that many people, users as well as non–users, experience in it. Analysing Facebook as a heterotopia brings its relation to other spaces into focus: it is a world in the world, that juxtaposes and merges other spaces into ‘une espace autre’.
Screening of Antagonistic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains in relation to Candida scotti for Optimal Conservation of Plant Juices
Authors: Shurkhno Ravilya A. , Validov Shamil Z. , Ilinskaya Olga N.
Published: June 2014

In a model experiment on juices of legumes with nine strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genus Lactobacillus isolated from aboveground parts of the vegetating leguminous plants (RS1, RS3, RS4), their rhizosphere (RS5), plant juices (RS6 and RS7), and a corn silage (RS2), and also with the collection strain of Lactobacillus plantarum BS933 and commercial strain Streptococcus faecium 500, joint cultivation with Candida scotti was carried out. Change of standard indicators, such as PH of the medium, the ratio of lactic acid to fatty acid homologues, and microflora analysis of the juice demonstrated that yeast actively competes with LAB for nutrients in the environment and possesses an antibacterial effect that leads to silage deterioration. The results showed that only certain Lactobacillus strains (3 of 8) and also S. faecium 500 are capable of resisting negative consequences of yeast activity during conservation of plant juices.
Processus de création des entreprises innovantes en Tunisie: résultats d’une étude exploratoire
Authors: Haddad1 Samia
Published: June 2014

Le présent article propose d’examiner la spécificité des entreprises innovantes en Tunisie, notamment celles spécialisées dans les technologies d’informations et de communications (TIC), et d’analyser les freins inhérents à leur création. Les données recueillies sont issues d’une étude qualitative exploratoire menée auprès d’un échantillon de dix-sept entreprises de hautes technologies, implantées dans le parc technologique El-Ghazala. Le choix de cet échantillon nous permet de récolter des informations qualitatives qui nous permettent, à leur tour, d’identifier à grands traits les particularités de ces structures industrielles, le profil de leurs créateurs, mais aussi les obstacles rencontrés lors de leur étape de création. Les résultats révèlent que les principaux freins liés à la création des entreprises innovantes en Tunisie, en particulier celles spécialisées dans les TIC, sont d’ordres institutionnels et financiers. Dans ce contexte, des recommandations concrètes aux pouvoirs publics tunisiens peuvent être formulées afin d’améliorer le processus de création des entreprises innovantes et de promouvoir davantage la culture entrepreneuriale chez les jeunes diplômés.
Gestion des relations banques-PME
Authors: Ambroise Laure , Maque Isabelle , Prim-Allaz Isabelle
Published: June 2014

Les approches des échanges, par les théories des coûts de transaction des contrats incomplets et de la dépendance ou de la théorie des conventions, ont proposé des conceptualisations riches, mais souvent jugées incomplètes. Une alternative intéressante proposée par Ian Macneil, la théorie du contrat social est désormais largement répandue en gestion. Au fil du temps, cette théorie s’est imposée comme une clé de lecture pertinente dans l’analyse des relations et de leur gouvernance, notamment au travers des relations clients/fournisseurs. Elle permet de mieux comprendre ces relations offrant ainsi aux entreprises la possibilité d’améliorer leurs relations clients, mais aussi leurs relations internes. Si la théorie du contrat social remet globalement en cause l’idée selon laquelle une relation peut être totalement décrite, formalisée, anticipée, voire contractualisée, elle propose également un cadre permettant de catégoriser et d’analyser les différentes dimensions et facettes d’une relation. Cette recherche vise à préciser comment les normes contractuelles permettent de compléter et de prolonger les théories classiques de l’échange. Selon cette conception, l’ensemble des interactions est alors réellement appréhendé selon une approche relationnelle et holiste. L’analyse assortie de deux études complémentaires (l’une avec une approche marketing et l’autre en finance organisationnelle) sur les relations entre les PME et leurs banques a été réalisée. Les résultats montrent la pertinence de la théorie du contrat social en sciences de gestion, notamment comme cadre de compréhension des mécanismes de gouvernance des échanges bancaires. Ils mettent également en exergue le rôle de la gestion de la relation dans la création de valeur. L’intérêt opérationnel de cette approche de ce cadre théorique est ainsi démontré.
Analyse d’une dynamique de coopétition conflictuelle
Authors: Cusin Julien , Loubaresse Elodie , Charreire Petit Sandra
Published: June 2014

Les travaux récents en management stratégique invitent à dépasser l’opposition entre paradigme concurrentiel et relationnel. Si les bénéfices de la coopétition sont désormais bien connus, la dynamique des relations entre partenaires-adversaires pose encore question. Par ailleurs, certains auteurs appellent à un enrichissement des contextes d’analyse, en dehors des secteurs high-tech. Nous nous intéressons donc ici aux effets d’un conflit sur la dynamique de coopétition dans un secteur traditionnel, ainsi que sur les conditions de viabilité d’une telle stratégie. Le cas de l’affaire du classement 2006 des vins de l’AOC Saint-Émilion est particulièrement intéressant pour étudier les séquences stratégiques de coopération et de concurrence, dans un contexte de crise. Il nous permet de mettre en évidence que la crise a généré une évolution du type de coopétition, qui n’a toutefois pas permis de créer de valeur en raison d’un apprentissage mal fondé. Nous soulignons par conséquent les enjeux relatifs à la régulation de la coopétition, par des règles et par un acteur tiers. Des pistes de recherche portant sur l’importance de la tradition dans la dynamique de coopétition découlent de ce travail.
La gestion des ressources humaines dans les PME en hypercroissance
Authors: Grimand Amaury
Published: June 2014

Les PME en hypercroissance ou « gazelles » sont des acteurs essentiels de la création d’emplois et de la dynamisation des territoires. Si la recherche a surtout privilégié l’analyse des caractéristiques structurantes des gazelles et des déterminants de leur croissance, peu d’attention a été accordée à la gestion des ressources humaines dans ce type d’entreprise. Sur la base d’une étude comparative de cas, cette contribution analyse les effets structurants de la dynamique d’hypercroissance sur la fonction ressources humaines et les tensions qui l’accompagnent. La discussion souligne le rôle de l’ambidextrie organisationnelle, temporelle, contextuelle et de réseau comme leviers de régulation de ces tensions.
Les dirigeants de PME et la communication financière sur l’Internet1
Authors: Pozniak2 Laetitia , Guillemette François
Published: June 2014

Cette recherche vise à étudier les relations entre les informations à caractère financier, que l’on peut retrouver sur le site internet d’une PME, et les éléments, favorables ou non à la communication financière, mis en avant par son dirigeant.

Pour appréhender cette problématique, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de dix dirigeants de PME cotées sur le Marché Libre de Bruxelles. Ce marché boursier fait partie d’Euronext New York Stock Exchange. C’est un marché non réglementé où les règles d’admission à la cote et les obligations ont été allégées pour permettre aux PME de faire et de lever des capitaux sans se soumettre aux règles contraignantes d’un marché réglementé. Les sites internet des dix entreprises de notre corpus ont également été analysés.

L’analyse des sites internet permet de souligner l’effort volontaire de communication financière réalisé par les dirigeants de PME. Il ressort des entretiens avec ces dirigeants que plusieurs éléments sont mis dans la balance par les dirigeants lorsqu’ils pèsent le pour et le contre de la diffusion d’informations financières sur le site internet de leur PME. L’élément qui ressort en particulier, notamment à cause de son caractère favorable à la communication, est le respect des investisseurs. En effet, nous pouvons établir clairement un lien entre les dirigeants qui mettent un point d’honneur à respecter leurs investisseurs et le fait que leurs sites internet contiennent plus d’informations financières que les sites des autres dirigeants. Par contre, il ressort que la méfiance envers les concurrents constitue clairement un élément freinant la diffusion d’informations. En effet, les sites internet des dirigeants ayant évoqué la crainte de la concurrence contiennent nettement moins d’informations financières que les autres sites. Un lien est donc établi entre les raisons avancées par le dirigeant et le contenu à caractère financier présent sur le site internet de sa PME.
L’influence du profil du dirigeant sur le nombre et la forme des réseaux interentreprises dans l’artisanat
Authors: Thevenard-Puthod Catherine , Picard Christian
Published: June 2014

Alors même que le développement de réseaux interentreprises apparaît être une nécessité stratégique pour de nombreuses entreprises artisanales, très peu de chercheurs s’intéressent spécifiquement à ce thème. Cet article se propose donc d’élargir les connaissances sur les formes des réseaux en milieu artisanal, à partir d’une analyse systématique de leurs différentes dimensions et en introduisant l’influence du profil du dirigeant dans le design de ces réseaux. L’étude des réseaux dans lesquels sont insérées dix entreprises artisanales permet notamment d’identifier deux formes réticulaires distinctes et montre que le fait de s’engager dans l’une de ces deux formes est conditionné par le profil du dirigeant. Ce faisant, cet article met également en exergue que, contrairement à ce que de précédentes recherches laissaient entrevoir, certaines entreprises artisanales peuvent non seulement appartenir, mais aussi constituer des réseaux interentreprises structurés et très formalisés, à l’instar de leurs homologues de plus grande taille.
Reconstitution of dynein transport to the microtubule plus end by kinesin
Authors: Roberts Anthony J , Goodman Brian S , Reck-Peterson Samara L
Published: June 2014

Cytoplasmic dynein powers intracellular movement of cargo toward the microtubule minus end. The first step in a variety of dynein transport events is the targeting of dynein to the dynamic microtubule plus end, but the molecular mechanism underlying this spatial regulation is not understood. Here, we reconstitute dynein plus-end transport using purified proteins from S. cerevisiae and dissect the mechanism using single-molecule microscopy. We find that two proteins–homologs of Lis1 and Clip170–are sufficient to couple dynein to Kip2, a plus-end-directed kinesin. Dynein is transported to the plus end by Kip2, but is not a passive passenger, resisting its own plus-end-directed motion. Two microtubule-associated proteins, homologs of Clip170 and EB1, act as processivity factors for Kip2, helping it overcome dynein's intrinsic minus-end-directed motility. This reveals how a minimal system of proteins transports a molecular motor to the start of its track.
Caenorhabditis elegans male sensory-motor neurons and dopaminergic support cells couple ejaculation and post-ejaculatory behaviors
Authors: LeBoeuf Brigitte , Correa Paola , Jee Changhoon , García L René
Published: June 2014

The circuit structure and function underlying post-coital male behaviors remain poorly understood. Using mutant analysis, laser ablation, optogenetics, and Ca2+ imaging, we observed that following C. elegans male copulation, the duration of post-coital lethargy is coupled to cellular events involved in ejaculation. We show that the SPV and SPD spicule-associated sensory neurons and the spicule socket neuronal support cells function with intromission circuit components, including the cholinergic SPC and PCB and the glutamatergic PCA sensory-motor neurons, to coordinate sex muscle contractions with initiation and continuation of sperm movement. Our observations suggest that the SPV and SPD and their associated dopamine-containing socket cells sense the intrauterine environment through cellular endings exposed at the spicule tips and regulate both sperm release into the hermaphrodite and the recovery from post-coital lethargy.
Does the Cross-Sectional Equation EPSt+1 = a*Pt + b*EPSt + ut+1 Differ between China and the US?*
Authors: Ohlson James A.
Published: June 2014

This paper compares Chinese (CH) and US firms in an earnings per share (EPS) forecasting setting. Next year’s EPS depend on (i) current price and (ii) current EPS. A comparison gives rise to the following question: what will the two financial markets have in common and what will most likely be different? The evidence presented suggests that on a very basic level, China does not differ from the US. For both economies, the data show that the right hand side of the equation can be conceptualised as a weighted average of the two variables when rescaled. This scaling procedure depends on the earnings rate in the capital markets. However, the weights differ: For CH firms, the second right hand side (RHS) variable, current EPS, is relatively more important than the first, price; this finding stands in contrast to the US, where the two RHS variables are of about equal importance. The paper also elaborates on a methodological subject: the conclusions are not available if one uses ordinary least squares (OLS). It shows that a robust estimation method due to Theil (1950) and Sen (1968) leads to two empirical conclusions. More generally, the paper contends that it makes no sense to compare CH and US financial market data unless the issue at hand is specific, straightforward, and relies on robust estimation.
Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis
Authors: Wang Ying-Hsiang , Lan Jui , Lin Shang-Hung
Published: July 2024

This case report describes a woman in her 70s presenting with primary cutaneous cryptococcosis.
Upadacitinib for Treatment of Granulomatous Cheilitis
Authors: De Greef Axel , Peeters Caroline , Dewit Olivier , de Montjoye Laurence , Baeck Marie
Published: July 2024

This case series examines the effectiveness of the Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib for the treatment of granulomatous cheilitis.
Deep Learning Analysis of Surgical Video Recordings to Assess Nontechnical Skills
Authors: Harari Rayan Ebnali , Dias Roger D. , Kennedy-Metz Lauren R. , Varni Giovanna , Gombolay Matthew , Yule Steven , Salas Eduardo , Zenati Marco A.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Assessing nontechnical skills in operating rooms (ORs) is crucial for enhancing surgical performance and patient safety. However, automated and real-time evaluation of these skills remains challenging.

Objective

To explore the feasibility of using motion features extracted from surgical video recordings to automatically assess nontechnical skills during cardiac surgical procedures.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used video recordings of cardiac surgical procedures at a tertiary academic US hospital collected from January 2021 through May 2022. The OpenPose library was used to analyze videos to extract body pose estimations of team members and compute various team motion features. The Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) assessment tool was employed for rating the OR team’s nontechnical skills by 3 expert raters.

Main Outcomes and Measures

NOTSS overall score, with motion features extracted from surgical videos as measures.

Results

A total of 30 complete cardiac surgery procedures were included: 26 (86.6%) were on-pump coronary artery bypass graft procedures and 4 (13.4%) were aortic valve replacement or repair procedures. All patients were male, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (6.3) years. All surgical teams were composed of 4 key roles (attending surgeon, attending anesthesiologist, primary perfusionist, and scrub nurse) with additional supporting roles. NOTSS scores correlated significantly with trajectory (r = 0.51, P = .005), acceleration (r = 0.48, P = .008), and entropy (r = −0.52, P = .004) of team displacement. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for patient factors, showed average team trajectory (adjusted R2 = 0.335; coefficient, 10.51 [95% CI, 8.81-12.21]; P = .004) and team displacement entropy (adjusted R2 = 0.304; coefficient, −12.64 [95% CI, −20.54 to −4.74]; P = .003) were associated with NOTSS scores.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests a significant link between OR team movements and nontechnical skills ratings by NOTSS during cardiac surgical procedures, suggesting automated surgical video analysis could enhance nontechnical skills assessment. Further investigation across different hospitals and specialties is necessary to validate these findings.
Smoking Cessation as a Priority for Psychiatrists
Authors: Kleinman Robert A. , Barnett Brian S.
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint argues that psychiatrists should take an active role to address cigarette smoking in patients, due to the high comorbidity of tobacco use and other substance use disorders and the overlap of nicotine withdrawal symptoms with psychiatric symptoms.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations for Neonatal Perioperative Care
Authors: Pilkington Mercedes , Nelson Gregg , Pentz Brandon , Marchand Tyara , Lloyd Erin , Chiu Priscilla P. L. , de Beer David , de Silva Nicole , Else Scott , Fecteau Annie , Giuliani Stefano , Hannam Simon , Howlett Alexandra , Lee Kyong-Soon , Levin David , O’Rourke Lorna , Stephen Lori , Wilson Lauren , Brindle Mary E.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Neonates requiring surgery are often cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Despite a breadth of surgical pathology, neonates share many perioperative priorities that allow for the development of unit-wide evidence-based Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) recommendations.

Observations

The guideline development committee included pediatric surgeons, anesthesiologists, neonatal nurses, and neonatologists in addition to ERAS content and methodology experts. The patient population was defined as neonates (first 28 days of life) undergoing a major noncardiac surgical intervention while admitted to a NICU. After the first round of a modified Delphi technique, 42 topics for potential inclusion were developed. There was consensus to develop a search strategy and working group for 21 topic areas. A total of 5763 abstracts were screened, of which 98 full-text articles, ranging from low to high quality, were included. A total of 16 recommendations in 11 topic areas were developed with a separate working group commissioned for analgesia-related recommendations. Topics included team communication, preoperative fasting, temperature regulation, antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical site skin preparation, perioperative ventilation, fluid management, perioperative glucose control, transfusion thresholds, enteral feeds, and parental care encouragement. Although clinically relevant, there were insufficient data to develop recommendations concerning the use of nasogastric tubes, Foley catheters, and central lines.

Conclusions and Relevance

Despite varied pathology, neonatal perioperative care within NICUs allows for unit-based ERAS recommendations independent of the planned surgical procedure. The 16 recommendations within this ERAS guideline are intended to be implemented within NICUs to benefit all surgical neonates.
Food information engineering
Authors: Jiomekong Azanzi , Oelen Allard , Auer Soren , Anna‐Lena Lorenz , Lars Vogt
Published: July 2024

Food information engineering relies on statistical and AI techniques (e.g., symbolic, connectionist, and neurosymbolic AI) for collecting, storing, processing, diffusing, and putting food information in a form exploitable by humans and machines. Food information is collected manually and automatically. Once collected, food information is organized using tabular data representation schema, symbolic, connectionist or neurosymbolic AI techniques. Once collected, processed, and stored, food information is diffused to different stakeholders using appropriate formats. Even if neurosymbolic AI has shown promising results in many domains, we found that this approach is rarely used in the domain of food information engineering. This paper aims to serve as a good reference for food information engineering researchers. Unlike existing reviews on the subject, we cover all the aspects of food information engineering and we linked the paper to online resources built using Open Research Knowledge Graph. These resources are composed of templates, comparison tables of research contributions and smart reviews. All these resources are organized in the “Food Information Engineering” observatory and will be continually updated with new research contributions.
Modulating Surface Oxygen Valence States via Interfacial Potential in BiVO4/CoOx/Au Photoanode for Enhanced Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Zizhong , Zhao Qi , Wen Ning , Liang Shen , Jiao Xiuling , Xia Yuguo , Chen Dairong
Published: July 2024

The concept of photoelectrochemical conversion of biomass into industrially valuable chemicals presents a compelling strategy to supplant the lower‐value oxygen evolution typically associated with photoanodes. Here, a surface potential manipulation method by regulating the surface oxygen valence states is put forward, which is demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA). This involves the concurrent establishment of a BiVO4/CoOx heterojunction and a BiVO4/Au Schottky junction, aiming to fine‐tune the BiVO4 photoanode's surface potential and improve both its charge carrier separation and interfacial transfer kinetics. The BiVO4/CoOx/Au photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 6.15 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Meanwhile, selective glycerol oxidation efficiency achieves a DHA evolution rate of 339.74 mmol m−2 h−1 and a selectivity exceeding 60%. Experiments and theoretical analysis underscore the pivotal role played by the surface potential in mediating glycerol and DHA adsorption and desorption processes. Additionally, the diminished surface potential attributed to the CoOx and Au amendments is responsible for the decreased Gibbs free energy of the dehydrogenation's rate‐limiting step involving the intermediate carbon species. This work demonstrates a method to design glycerol oxidation catalysts by modulating the interfacial molecular adsorption/desorption by surface potential regulation.
Conductive Zeolite Supported Indium–Tin Alloy Nanoclusters for Selective and Scalable Formic Acid Electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Minzhe , Yang Shuwen , Ma Qianyi , Dang Jianan , Feng Renfei , Bai Zhengyu , Liu Dianhua , Feng Ming , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2024

Upgrading excess CO2 toward the electrosynthesis of formic acid is of significant research and commercial interest. However, simultaneously achieving high selectivity and industrially relevant current densities of CO2‐to‐formate conversion remains a grand challenge for practical implementations. Here, an electrically conductive zeolite support is strategically designed by implanting Sn ions into the skeleton structure of a zeolite Y, which impregnates ultrasmall In0.2Sn0.8 alloy nanoclusters into the supercages of the tailored 12‐ring framework. The prominent electronic and geometric interactions between In0.2Sn0.8 nanoalloy and zeolite support lead to the delocalization of electron density that enhances orbital hybridizations between In active site and *OCHO intermediate. Thus, the energy barrier for the rate‐limiting *OCHO formation step is reduced, facilitating the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. Accordingly, the developed zeolite electrocatalyst achieves an industrial‐level partial current density of 322 mA cm−2 and remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 98.2% for formate production and stably maintains Faradaic efficiency above 93% at an industrially relevant current density for over 102 h. This work opens up new opportunities of conductive zeolite‐based electrocatalysts for industrial‐level formic acid electrosynthesis from CO2 electrolysis and toward practically accessible electrocatalysis and energy conversion.
Tailoring Interfacial Structures to Regulate Carrier Transport in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Deng Zhikang , Chen Shiming , Yang Kai , Song Yongli , Xue Shida , Yao Xiangming , Yang Luyi , Pan Feng
Published: July 2024

Solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (SSLIBs) have been considered as the priority candidate for next‐generation energy storage system, due to their advantages in safety and energy density compare with conventional liquid electrolyte systems. However, the introduction of numerous solid‐solid interfaces results in a series of issues, hindering the further development of SSLIBs. Therefore, a thorough understanding on the interfacial issues is essential to promote the practical applications for SSLIBs. In this review, the interface issues are discussed from the perspective of transportation mechanism of electrons and lithium ions, including internal interfaces within cathode/anode composites and solid electrolytes (SEs), as well as the apparent electrode/SEs interfaces. The corresponding interface modification strategies, such as passivation layer design, conductive binders, and thermal sintering methods, are comprehensively summarized. Through establishing the correlation between carrier transport network and corresponding battery electrochemical performance, the design principles for achieving a selective carrier transport network are systematically elucidated. Additionally, the future challenges are speculated and research directions in tailoring interfacial structure for SSLIBs. By providing the insightful review and outlook on interfacial charge transfer, the industrialization of SSLIBs are aimed to promoted.
Plasmonic Nanostars: Unique Properties That Distinguish Them from Spherical Nanoparticles from a Biosensing Perspective
Authors: Tukova Anastasiia , Nguyen Nhung Thi Tuyet , Garcia‐Bennett Alfonso , Rodger Alison , Wang Yuling
Published: July 2024

Over the past three decades, plasmonic nanostructures, particularly spherical ones, have seen remarkable advancements. Recently, attention has shifted toward anisotropic nanoparticles, especially star‐shaped/branched structures such as plasmonic nanostars (PNS), due to their distinct properties. PNS offers superior electromagnetic enhancement effects, larger surface areas, and as well as non‐linear and unusual photothermal properties, setting them apart from spherical counterparts. Despite significant progress in synthetic methods and characterization of the particles, challenges remain in transitioning PNS technology into practical use. In this perspective article, the distinctive attributes of PNS in biosensing applications are discussed, beginning with an exploration of synthesis methodologies. Their optoelectronic properties are examined and discussed how these properties influence their interaction with different molecules from a biosensing perspective. With a focus on PNS, detailed insights are offered into their unique properties, current applications, and future potential. By fostering discussion and understanding of PNS development, this article aims to facilitate the translation of PNS technology into practical applications, encouraging targeted improvements and advancements.
Multifunctional Metasurface Polarizers Synthesis Using Effective Data Generation with Adaptive Attention and Space‐To‐Depth Enhanced Network
Authors: Ahmed Haroon , Zeng Xiaoping , Wang Yang , Bello Hilal , Iqbal Nayyar , Nordin Rosdiadee
Published: July 2024

Conventional approaches for designing metasurfaces with the desired scattering response are often a time‐consuming and onerous process that heavily relies on the design experience and empirical methods. In this paper, a time and resource‐efficient design method is proposed for the synthesis of multiple metasurface polarizers with an efficient automated data generation process by utilizing the structure validation surrogate model (SVSM). Moreover, a novel attention and space‐to‐depth enhanced adaptive tandem network (ASE‐ATN) is proposed which integrates symmetry‐aware space‐to‐depth (SA‐SPD) along with the attention mechanism for efficient feature extraction. Several design examples of metasurfaces with linear polarization to orthogonal linear polarization (LP‐OLP) and/or linear polarization to circular polarization (LP‐CP) conversion capabilities are provided to verify the performance of the proposed method. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through the fabrication and measurement of a dual‐band dual‐polarization converter.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions Achieved by C−N Axially Chiral N‐Arylpyrrole Derived Monophosphine Ligands
Authors: Zhong Shiping , Zhou Jianwei , Li Boda , Zhang Zunting , Wang Tao
Published: July 2024

Monophosphine ligands based on C−N axially chiral N‐Arylpyrrole backbones are prepared starting from amino acids and evaluated in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions. 20.7–99.9% ees are achieved in the reactions of rac‐1,3‐diphenylallyl acetates with O−, N− and C‐nucleophiles. Ligand screening revealed that the steric hindrance from 3‐ or 4‐ position of the pyrrole is crucial for the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The synthetic utilization of the products was demonstrated by the transformation of one product by a gold‐catalyzed oxidative rearrangement reaction.
Leaves to Measure Light Intensity
Authors: Lahlou Aliénor , Coghill Ian , Davidson Mhairi L. H. , Billon Romain , Barneche Fredy , Lazar Dusan , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic
Published: July 2024

Quantitative measurement of light intensity is a key step in ensuring the reliability and the reproducibility of scientific results in many fields of physics, biology, and chemistry. The protocols presented so far use various photoactive properties of manufactured materials. Here, leaves are introduced as an easily accessible green material to calibrate light intensity. The measurement protocol consists in monitoring the chlorophyll fluorescence of a leaf while it is exposed to a jump of constant light. The inverse of the characteristic time of the initial chlorophyll fluorescence rise is shown to be proportional to the light intensity received by the leaf over a wide range of wavelengths and intensities. Moreover, the proportionality factor is stable across a wide collection of plant species, which makes the measurement protocol accessible to users without prior calibration. This favorable feature is finally harnessed to calibrate a source of white light from exploiting simple leaves collected from a garden.
Precise Identification of Glioblastoma Micro‐Infiltration at Cellular Resolution by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Lijun , Li Jianrui , Pan Jing , Wu Nan , Xu Qing , Zhou Qing‐Qing , Wang Qiang , Han Dong , Wang Ziyang , Xu Qiang , Liu Xiaoxue , Guo Jingxing , Wang Jiandong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Yiqing , Cai Huiming , Li Yingjia , Pan Hao , Zhang Longjiang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lu Guangming
Published: July 2024

Precise identification of glioblastoma (GBM) microinfiltration, which is essential for achieving complete resection, remains an enormous challenge in clinical practice. Here, the study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy effectively identifies GBM microinfiltration with cellular resolution in clinical specimens. The spectral differences between infiltrative lesions and normal brain tissues are attributed to phospholipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. These biochemical metabolites identified by Raman spectroscopy are further confirmed by spatial metabolomics. Based on differential spectra, Raman imaging resolves important morphological information relevant to GBM lesions in a label‐free manner. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning in detecting infiltrative lesions exceeds 95%. Most importantly, the cancer cell threshold identified by Raman spectroscopy is as low as 3 human GBM cells per 0.01 mm2. Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of previously undetectable diffusely infiltrative cancer cells, which holds potential value in guiding complete tumor resection in GBM patients.
The placebo effect of sham rhinologic procedures in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monaghan Neil P. , Duckett Kelsey A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Massey Abigail A. , Rathi Vinay , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: July 2024

Key points

Sham procedures produce a clinically significant impact on patient‐reported outcome measures

This effect should be considered when designing and interpreting the results of RCTs