bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-β in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ahmed Karima Y. , El-Bazz Walaa F. , Mohamed Hend A. , Elkeshky Maha M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Renal failure is a common and serious complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the major growth factors involved in extracellular matrix accumulation in fibrotic disorders including diabetic nephropathy.

Aim of the work

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum level of TGF-β as a marker for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Patients and methods

This work included 40 patients with diabetes and 40 healthy controls with matched age and sex. Individuals with diabetes included 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and 15 with type 1 diabetes. We considered the presence of hypertension, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and the degree of proteinuria. All patients were subjected to careful history taking, thorough physical examinations, and fundus examination. Routine laboratory tests such as analysis of complete blood count and determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate were carried out to rule out patients with malignancy or autoimmune disease. Kidney function tests (blood urea and serum creatinine), complete urine analysis, and estimation of 24-h urinary protein or albumin, creatinine clearance, blood glucose measurement (fasting and 2h postprandial), serum TGF-β level, and microalbuminuria were also carried out.

Results

The serum levels of TGF-β were statistically significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared with normal healthy people. The serum TGF-β level was statistically significantly higher in patients with diabetes with overt nephropathy compared with those without it. There was a statistically significant decrease in TGF-β levels in patients with diabetes who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers compared with those who were not taking such medications.

Conclusion

Serum TGF-β level increases in patients of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in those with diabetic nephropathy. TGF-β is considered one of the major mediators of diabetic renal fibrogenesis that results in end-stage renal disease.
Screening and assessment of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in long-standing type 2 diabetic women
Authors: Refaie Wael
Published: September 2023

Background

Patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus undergoing surgical interventions are under considerable risk, hence posing a surgical challenge, as they may have cardiovascular and/or cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). CAN is serious, often overlooked and underdiagnosed, with possible arrhythmias and silent ischemia that may be life threatening.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to screen for one of the underdiagnosed high-risk problems by assessment of CAN in long-standing type 2 diabetic women undergoing stressful situations.

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Patients and methods

Hundred type 2 diabetic women scheduled for major surgery were assessed by autonomic function tests. CAN was assessed by analyzing heart rate variations during three standard tests (deep breathing, lying to standing, and the valsalva maneuver). Sympathetic functions were assessed by checking orthostatic hypotension. The CAN score of each patient was analyzed. Continuous 24 h ECG monitoring was performed to evaluate arrhythmia, corrected QT (QTc), and QT dispersion (QTd). Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, with a focus on left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic, and systolic dysfunctions, was carried out. Patients were classified as having mild (with only one abnormal test) or severe CAN when two or more abnormal function tests were present. Exclusion criteria included any systemic illness that could affect the results of the study or the autonomic functions, smoking, hypertension, and patients with evident ischemia.

Results

CAN was detected in 70% of the patients studied, and 70% of them had a severe case of CAN. Postural hypotension was detected in 34% of the patients studied. QTc prolongation and QTd were frequent. ECG and Doppler echocardiography changes of left ventricular hypertrophy were more prevalent among patients with CAN. Diabetics with CAN were significantly older, had a longer duration of diabetes mellitus, and higher HbA1-c, higher pulse pressure, triglyceride, uric acid, and urinary albumin excretion rate. They also had a significantly increased left ventricular mass index and diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusion

Middle-aged women with long-standing diabetes are vulnerable to CAN with postural hypotension and prolonged QTc intervals, QTd, and increased left ventricular mass index. Identification of CAN is crucial to prevent the hazards of cardiovascular insults during stressful situations, and cases with severe CAN may require coronary artery disease screening preoperatively.
Fractalkine in type 2 Egyptian diabetics with and without nephropathy
Authors: Zakaria Ebtissam , Al-Rawi Hoda , Ghanem Nashwa S. , Elsayed Naglaa M. , Rashed Laila A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic nephropathy is the major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus; one of the earliest clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy is an elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE), referred to as microalbuminuria. Fractalkine is a large cytokine protein of 373 amino acids; it contains multiple domains. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine and the only representative of the CX3C group. It exists as a membrane-bound and soluble form. It interacts with cells expressing CX3CR1, a G-coupled protein receptor. It is also commonly known by the names fractalkine (in humans) and neurotactin (in mice).

Aim

Our study aimed to assess fractalkine levels in type 2 Egyptian diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy and its role as a marker in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Patients and methods

Our study was carried out on 75 individuals: 25 controls, 25 type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy, and 25 type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. These patients were subjected to a full laboratory workup including fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1C, serum urea and creatinine, 24-h UAE, and fractalkine level.

Results and conclusion

Our study showed that the serum fractalkine concentration was significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (1153.14±261.1) compared with type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (705.78±150.59) and the control group (251.5±64) (both P=0.000). There was a significant correlation between serum fractalkine level and 24-h UAE, HBA1C, and serum creatinine. Thus, this positive correlation between serum fractalkine level and UAE could be an early predictor of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. We can conclude that serum fractalkine plays a pathogenic role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
TMC: a new staging system for tympanomastoid cholesteatoma
Authors: Belal Aziz , Reda Mahmoud , Mehanna Ahmed , Belal Yousef
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Objective

To present a new staging system for tympanomastoid cholesteatoma that is based on the primary site of pathology in the middle ear (T), its spread to the mastoid (M), and to the surrounding structures, either cranial, intracranial, or extracranial, and presence of complications (C).

Setting

Tertiary Care Center (ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt).

Study design

Clinical Prospective Study.

Methods

The TMC staging system is based on the correlation of preoperative otoscopy findings with computed tomography examination of the temporal bone. Preoperative findings have also been correlated with intraoperative findings.

Patients

We included 120 patients with tympanomastoid cholesteatoma diagnosed preoperatively.

Results

In 87% of the patients, preoperative and intraoperative staging were well correlated.

Conclusion

The TMC staging system of cholesteatoma paves the way to a logical roadmap for functional surgery of the middle ear and mastoid; in addition, it makes the comparison of clinical studies about cholesteatoma meaningful.
Assessment of postural control system in autistic patients
Authors: Shabana Mohamed Ibrahim , El Shennawy Amira Mohamed , El Dessouky Tarek Mohamed , Sabry Shiama Ahmed
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Introduction

Studies using clinical tests have reported abnormal postural balance in children with autism generally but it was only clinically significant when somatosensory input was disrupted alone or in combination with other sensory challenges.

Objective

To assess the postural control system in autistic children and correlate their age and Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score with their postural control.

Methods

Computerized dynamic posturography was performed in 20 autistic children with (IQ>70) between the ages of 5 and 15 years and 15 age-matched healthy children.

Results

There was a statistically significant positive correlation between age in both the study and the control groups and the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) results in all SOT conditions. As regards the degree of autism, this study included 20 autistic children diagnosed by CARS and their CARS values ranged from 30 to 46, with a mean (33.7±3.22). In our study, we found that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the CARS score in the study group and SOT results in all conditions, except in SOT condition 1.

Conclusion

The evidence from this study suggests the more general involvement of neural circuitry beyond the neural systems for social behavior, communication, and reasoning, all of which share a high demand on neural integration of information.
Audiologic evaluation and communication disorders in a group of Egyptian children with autistic features
Authors: Samy Kamal Labib , Selim Mona Hassan , Osman Dalia Mostafa , Mohamed Reham Ahmed
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this work was to perform an audiological evaluation on a group of children with autistic features and to correlate the results with the intelligent quotient, communication skills, and sensory integration function of these children.

Study design

Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Patients and methods

The study was carried out on 25 Egyptian children with autistic features and 25 age-matched and sex-matched typically developing children. All the children’s age ranged from 4 to 9 years. All the children were subjected to the following: history taking, basic audiological evaluation, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, N100, and P300. The children were also subjected to communication assessment, sensory integration dysfunction questionnaire, psychometric evaluation, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The results obtained from the two groups were then compared. In addition, correlation studies were carried out for all the results obtained.

Results

Autistic children presented with normal hearing sensitivities and cochlear function, and delayed N100 and P300 latencies and small P300 amplitudes compared with the control group. There was a significant negative correlation between N100 latency and verbal and nonverbal communication abilities. In addition, there was a significant correlation between P300 latency and amplitude and each of the following: intelligent quotient, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and dynamic assessment of verbal and nonverbal communication. The auditory and visual modalities of the sensory integration dysfunction score correlated positively with P300 latency but not amplitude.

Conclusion

The auditory deficits in autism involve controlled attention processes, speed of perceptual classification, and allocation of attention. N100 is a correlate of the level of communication and language development rather than a marker of autism. P300 abnormalities affect verbal and nonverbal communication, mental development, autistic features, and sensory integration function in autism and may be used as a tool to assess the prognosis of autism.
Assessment of clinical and laboratory tests in predicting risks of fall in the elderly
Authors: Taha Hesham Mohammed Othman , Shafik Amr Gouda , Saber Naira Zakhlol
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Introduction

Falls and unstable balance are multifactorial problems and rank high among serious clinical problems faced by the elderly. They are a cause of substantial rates of mortality and morbidity as unintentional injuries.

Aim of the work

The aim of the study was to explore the most common risk factors for falls in the elderly and to construct the most specific test battery including clinical and laboratory tests capable of determining risk for falls in the elderly.

Materials and methods

A 6-month prospective study was carried out on a sample of 30 elderly persons of age at least 60 years, reporting more than one fall within last 6 months. Detailed history on neuro-otological symptoms, previous falls, dizziness episodes, and symptoms of systemic disease or osteoarthritis was taken. Visual acuity, musculoskeletal examination, complete neurological examination, and a complete vestibular test battery in the form of the videonystagmography (VNG) test battery, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, and computerized dynamic posturography was performed. All participants underwent radiological diagnosis and grading of the osteoarthritic knee and hip. The mobility and gait screening protocol was used, which includes the timed up and go test (TUG), fall risk assessment screening tool (FRAST), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI).

Results

Most patients suffered from peripheral vestibular dysfunction and the most frequent VNG abnormality was unilateral vestibular lesion. Radiological assessment of knee and hip osteoarthritis revealed 36.76% with grades II and III. Significant impairment of vision was found in 40% of the elderly. TUG test revealed high risk of falls in those elderly. In total, 20 participants revealed moderate or high risk for falls by FRAST. There was significant correlation between the number of falls and SOT tests (C5 and C6) together with adaptation tests reflecting vestibular pattern of dysfunction. Functional test of dynamic posturography revealed a highly significant correlation between limits of stability reaction time, movement velocity, and tandem of gait step and the number of falls. TUG showed a highly significant correlation in elderly people who experienced falls, whereas DGI showed only significant correlation and FRAST showed nonsignificant correlation. A highly significant correlation was found between SOT C5 and C6 scores and TUG and DGI with a weak correlation with FRAST. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential asymmetry and unilateral canal paresis revealed nonsignificant results with all functional tests except DGI, which revealed a weak correlation with them. Analysis of variance test revealed that the vestibular dysfunction group is more vulnerable to falls than other groups.

Conclusion

The VNG test battery and computerized dynamic posturography in conjunction with stance tests in the elderly who complain of dizziness can identify those with high risk of a fall.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (review of case reports)
Authors: AlBahkaly Sameer , AlKhunaizi Arwa , Algamdi Zyad
Published: September 2023

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease, also known as uveomeningitic syndrome, is a multisystem autoimmune disorder directed against any melanocyte-containing organ, including the eye, central nervous system, auditory, and integumentary system. We present a case of an African woman with total deafness and blindness of VKH, and discuss the histological characteristics, and review the classification and the management of VKH. The most important factor for prognosis is the immediate treatment. The rarity of this syndrome makes its diagnosis a challenge and the presence of deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo must be considered in its diagnosis.
Practical approach to the management of dizzy patients
Authors: Mansour Ossama I.
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Introduction

Dizziness is a common symptom that may be caused by diverse pathologies. It requires a multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive workup to diagnose and treat the cause. A practical and simplified approach is presented.

Objectives

After reading this article you should be able to: (1) Remember the basics of balance control; (2) Assess a dizzy patient in the office; (3) Be familiar with available vestibular tests and the clinical yield of each; (4) Plan a practical workup algorithm; (5) Differentiate between the common causes of dizziness; (6) Know the current management strategies; (7) Understand the concepts of vestibular rehab.
Acute otitis media in children of Ismailia city: a bacteriological study
Authors: Naguib Mohammed A. , El Hennawi Diaa , Hessam Waheed F. , El Tabbakh Mohammed T. , Gamal Amira
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Introduction

Acute suppurative otitis media is a very common health problem associated with emerging resistant organisms that require special attention.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the most common infecting microorganism causing acute suppurative otitis media in Ismailia city and to determine the organism’s sensitivity to antibiotics.

Patients and methods

This investigation was a cross-sectional study carried out in multiple hospitals and primary care clinics in Ismailia city targeting patients below 18 years of age. Each patient underwent history taking and a clinical examination. An ear swab and a nasopharyngeal specimen were taken and sent for culture and sensitivity testing.

Results

A total of 2003 patients with a mean age of 2.5 years were included in the study, 53.7% of whom were boys and 46.6% were girls. Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent organism in both the ear swab and nasopharyngeal aspirate culture and was mostly sensitive to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, followed by azithromycin.

Conclusion

H. influenzae is the most common infecting organism causing acute suppurative otitis media and is highly sensitive to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid.
Audiological findings in children with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad W. , Elsayed Hany , Khater Ahmed , Nada Ebtessam
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Background

The nephron in the kidney and the stria vascularis in the inner ear have many anatomical, physiological, and pathological similarities. Several studies have reported sensorineural hearing loss in adult chronic renal failure (CRF). However, there are only a few reported surveys on audiological affection in children with CRF.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the presence, type, and severity of hearing loss (HL) and to evaluate the relationship of reported HL with the duration of hemodialysis and biochemical and hematological data of children with CRF on regular hemodialysis.

Patients and methods

This study included 30 patients with CRF on regular hemodialysis and 20 healthy children as a control group. All children were subjected to standard and extended high-frequency pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions.

Results

Among 60 ears examined, 50 ears showed sensorineural hearing loss (83.3%), mainly at high frequencies (64%) and of mild and moderate severity, with a highly statistically significant difference between pure-tone thresholds in the patients and the control groups across frequencies 500–8000 Hz. High-frequency thresholds were significantly higher for the patients with CRF. No significant relation was found with the duration of hemodialysis or biochemical and hematological parameters. Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions testing showed absent emission in 20 ears and those with preserved transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions had significantly lower amplitudes in all frequencies.

Conclusion

A high incidence of HL among children with CRF on regular hemodialysis was found in this study. Duration of hemodialysis treatment and biochemical and hematological parameters did not have a significant impact on HL. Thus, audiological evaluation must be considered in these children.
Endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects using a nasal septal flap in paediatric patients
Authors: El-Bosraty Hossam M. , Shehata Wael
Published: September 2023

En

Abstract

Introduction

The repair of skull base defects after skull base surgeries is a major problem. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in reconstruction of the anterior skull base defect using a nasal septal flap was minimal when compared with other techniques. The nasal septal flap should be considered as the first line of treatment after transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery.

Objectives

Evaluation of the usefulness and reliability of endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction using a nasal septal flap.

Patients and methods

This study was carried out on 10 paediatric patients with skull base defects because of different pathologies. These patients were admitted in El-Kasr El-Ainy Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department. These patients included one patient with a germ cell tumour, five patients with a congenital encephalocele and four patients with skull base defects because of trauma to the skull base.

Results and conclusion

Various endoscopic techniques have been described to separate the cranial cavity from the sinonasal cavity to prevent infection, pneumocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid leak. Different techniques were used to close the anterior skull base defects such as multilayer free graft, suturing the dural defect combined with free graft and reconstruction based on a vascularized graft. The nasal septal flap should be considered as the first line of treatment after transnasal endoscopic skull base resections.
Endoscopic approaches to the sphenoid: How I do it?
Authors: Youssef Tamer A.
Published: September 2023

Sphenoid sinus disease is recognized as an unusual clinical entity. It is likely that it is under-reported because of its lack of recognition as it has an insidious onset with nonspecific symptoms. Further, optimal physical examination is difficult because of the relative inaccessibility of the sinus. During the past decades, endoscopic sphenoid surgery has been the standard approach worldwide. There are many variables to be considered while selecting the best endoscopic approach to the sphenoid. In this work, the author describes different endoscopic approaches to the sphenoid with their clinical application.
Which side are they on? A review and case series of diagnosing primary ciliary dyskinesias in low- or middle-income countries.
Authors: Surdut S P , Van der Merwe E , Goussard P , Urban M F
Published: September 2023

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition with a variable clinical presentation, making its diagnosis a challenge. The authors describe two unrelated sibling pairs with PCD: adult siblings in the first  and perinatal/neonatal in the second. Both families highlight the commoner and less common clinical manifestations of PCD. The authors use these cases to highlight (1) the current understanding of the underlying genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of PCD, (2) the range of cardiac and respiratory features of PCD across a wide age-range (3), aspects of history and clinical exam that should raise suspicion of PCD, and (4) the role of NGS gene panel testing in confirmation of diagnosis.
Comparison of the diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung biopsies by forceps and cryoprobe in diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: Khot M S , Chakraborti A , Saini J K , Sethi P , Mullick S , Saxena R , Wani A R
Published: September 2023

Background. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) has shown a promising yield in recent times, with low post-procedural mortality and morbidity.
Objectives. To compare the yield of TBLC and conventional transbronchial forceps lung biopsy (TBLB).
Methods. A prospective study was carried out in patients with DPLD over a period of 1 year in a tertiary respiratory care institute in New Delhi, India. All 87 patients enrolled underwent both TBLB and TBLC. The procedures were performed in the bronchoscopy suite under conscious sedation and local anaesthesia, with an attempt to take a minimum of three biopsy specimens by conventional TBLB followed by TBLC. A 1.9 mm cryoprobe with a freezing time of 4 - 5 seconds was used. An Arndt endobronchial blocker was used to control bleeding along with locally administered medications.
Results. TBLB and TBLC led to a definitive diagnosis in 27 (31.0%) and 69 (79.3%) cases, respectively. The commonest diagnoses were hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. TBLC led to additional diagnoses in 42 cases (48.3%). Pneumothorax was observed in 12 cases (13.8%), and moderate bleeding occurred in 63 (72.4%). There were no procedure-related deaths.
Conclusion. TBLC had a better diagnostic yield than conventional TBLB in DPLD. It has the potential to become a safe day-care procedure in a resource-limited setting, if certain precautions are taken.
Tetraose steroidal glycoalkaloids from potato provide resistance against Alternaria solani and Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Wolters Pieter J , Wouters Doret , Tikunov Yury M , Ayilalath Shimlal , Kodde Linda P , Strijker Miriam F , Caarls Lotte , Visser Richard GF , Vleeshouwers Vivianne GAA
Published: September 2023

Plants with innate disease and pest resistance can contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Natural defence compounds produced by plants have the potential to provide a general protective effect against pathogens and pests, but they are not a primary target in resistance breeding. Here, we identified a wild relative of potato, Solanum commersonii, that provides us with unique insight in the role of glycoalkaloids in plant immunity. We cloned two atypical resistance genes that provide resistance to Alternaria solani and Colorado potato beetle through the production of tetraose steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA). Moreover, we provide in vitro evidence to show that these compounds have potential against a range of different (potato pathogenic) fungi. This research links structural variation in SGAs to resistance against potato diseases and pests. Further research on the biosynthesis of plant defence compounds in different tissues, their toxicity, and the mechanisms for detoxification, can aid the effective use of such compounds to improve sustainability of our food production.
Gene expression mapping of the neuroectoderm across phyla – conservation and divergence of early brain anlagen between insects and vertebrates
Authors: Posnien Nico , Hunnekuhl Vera S , Bucher Gregor
Published: September 2023

Gene expression has been employed for homologizing body regions across bilateria. The molecular comparison of vertebrate and fly brains has led to a number of disputed homology hypotheses. Data from the fly Drosophila melanogaster have recently been complemented by extensive data from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum with its more insect-typical development. In this review, we revisit the molecular mapping of the neuroectoderm of insects and vertebrates to reconsider homology hypotheses. We claim that the protocerebrum is non-segmental and homologous to the vertebrate fore- and midbrain. The boundary between antennal and ocular regions correspond to the vertebrate mid-hindbrain boundary while the deutocerebrum represents the anterior-most ganglion with serial homology to the trunk. The insect head placode is shares common embryonic origin with the vertebrate adenohypophyseal placode. Intriguingly, vertebrate eyes develop from a different region compared to the insect compound eyes calling organ homology into question. Finally, we suggest a molecular re-definition of the classic concepts of archi- and prosocerebrum.
TLR7 promotes skin inflammation via activating NFκB-mTORC1 axis in rosacea
Authors: Huang Yaqun , Liu Da , Chen Mengting , Xu San , Peng Qinqin , Zhu Yan , Long Juan , Liu Tangxiele , Deng Zhili , Xie Hongfu , Li Ji , Liu Fangfen , Xiao Wenqin
Published: September 2023

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease originated from damaged skin barrier and innate/adaptive immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense injured skin and initiate downstream inflammatory and immune responses, whose role in rosacea is not fully understood. Here, via RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the TLR signaling pathway is the top-ranked signaling pathway enriched in rosacea skin lesions, in which TLR7 is highlighted and positively correlated with the inflammation severity of disease. In LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse models, silencing TLR7 prevented the development of rosacea-like skin inflammation. Specifically, we demonstrated that overexpressing TLR7 in keratinocytes stimulates rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway via NFκB signaling. Ultimately, TLR7/NFκ B/mTORC1 axis promotes the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to the migration of CD4+T cells, which are infiltrated in the lesional skin of rosacea. Our report reveals the crucial role of TLR7 in rosacea pathogenesis and indicatesa promising candidate for rosacea treatments.
The Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Traditional Textile Dyers in Ntonso, Kumasi were Affected by Exposure to Synthetic Textile Dyes
Authors: Kuffour Osei B. , Larbie Christopher , Genfi Afua K. A. , Sedeafor Richard
Published: September 2023

Aim: To study the effects of synthetic textile dyes on haematology and serum biochemistry of traditional textile industry practitioners at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana and clinical analyses were carried out at the Clinical Analyses Laboratory at the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, KNUST between October 2018 and February 2019.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 50 textile dyeing practitioners who have been using synthetic textile dyes for more than five years and 50 participants in the control group whose daily work does not expose them to any kind of synthetic textile dye. Participants over 70 years or less than 18 years, pregnant women and those with a medical history of kidney and liver diseases were excluded from the study. Haematological parameters such as White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Platelet counts, Haemoglobin levels, etc. were measured. Liver function indicators such as Alanine transaminase (ALT), Protein, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Total Bilirubin (TBIL), and kidney function indicators such as Creatinine, urea, Na, K, Cl ion levels were assessed. Lipid profile parameters such as Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoproteins, Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) levels were also assessed.

Results: There were statistical differences in both groups regarding key haematological and key serum biochemical parameters such as protein, globulin, ALP, GGT, creatinine, chloride, VLDL and Triglyceride. A significant correlation was observed between the metal ions and haematological parameters, biochemical parameters and quantity of dye used.

Conclusion: Heavy metals found in synthetic textile dyes altered lipid profile, haematological and biochemical parameters of the dye practitioners.
Increased Maize Yield in Response to Applied Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Greenbelt Zone, in South Sudan
Authors: Bazugba Isaac A. J. , Massawe Boniface H. , Shitindi Mawazo , Deng Pio K.
Published: September 2023

Aims: The study focused on assessing the impact of applying phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on maize yield in the Greenbelt zone of South Sudan, where nutrient deficiencies often limit crop growth.

Study Design: Field experiments involved a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design. The field experiment was conducted in Sakure and Nginda Payams in Nzara and Yambio Counties respectively, between August 2020 and January 2022.

Methodology: The treatments involved Triple Super Phosphate (TSP, 0-46-0) applied at 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha -1 without N, Urea (46% N) applied at 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 without P, combinations of each level of P with varying levels of N and an absolute control (P0N0). Maize variety was an open pollinated called NARD 1. Plot size was 16 m2, all maize plant above ground was harvested in a net plot (8.5 m2) after 120 days.

Results: The average maize yield in response to applied fertilizer P and N in the three sites was 4.7 t ha-1 an increase of about 62 % over the control (2.9 t ha-1), and was statistically significantly at P = .05

Conclusion: 20 kg P ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 rates were profitable and therefore were recommended as optimum application rates that can contribute to food security and economic progress in the area. However, more research is recommended to establish long-term fertilizer effects on maize performance, optimal application rates, and environmental considerations. The study stressed the need for diversified fertilizer research across seasons and emphasized community awareness about fertilizer benefits for sustainable maize production and farming system research.
Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Vigna Savi (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae) in Telangana, India
Authors: Jalander Vaghmare , Swamy Jetti
Published: September 2023

The genus Vigna Savi is one of the economically and environmentally important genus of the family Fabaceae (Phaseoleae). It is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India, the genus is represented by 34 taxa, of which 16 taxa are endemic to the country. The present paper deals with the taxonomy of the genus Vigna based on live material and preserved specimens. According to the present studies, the genus contains 13 species in Telangana state of which three species namely V. indica, V. subramaniana and V. trinervia are reported here as additions to the flora of the state. Detailed morphology, taxonomic key to the species, field and germination photographs of all species are provided to facilitate easy identification.
Yellowish Nodules on a Man Consuming a Carnivore Diet
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Caballero Jaime , Iliescu Cezar
Published: January 2025

This case report describes a diagnosis of xanthelasma in a man in his 40s who adopted a carnivore diet 8 months before presentation.
Social Health and Serious Mental Illness—A Step Forward?
Authors: Lau Jennifer Y. F. , Priebe Stefan , Morgan Craig
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses social health, which refers to the quality and quantity of social interactions, relationships, and support networks, as an important independent component of overall health alongside physical and mental health.
Murine Models and Human Cell Line Models to Study Altered Dynamics of Ovarian Follicles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Bevilacqua Arturo , Giuliani Cristiano , Emidio Giovanna Di , Myers Samuel H , Unfer Vittorio , Tatone Carla
Published: January 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, characterized by functional and structural alterations of the female reproductive organs. Due to the unknown underlying molecular mechanisms, in vivo murine models and in vitro human cellular models are developed to study the syndrome. These models are used to analyze various aspects of the pathology by replicating the conditions of the syndrome. Even though the complexity of polycystic ovary syndrome and the challenge of reproducing all its features leave several questions unanswered, studies conducted to date have elucidated some of the alterations in ovarian follicle molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the syndrome, and do not require the employment of complex and invasive techniques on human patients. This review examines ovarian functions and their alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome, explores preclinical in vivo and in vitro models, and highlights emerging research and medical perspectives. It targets researchers, healthcare professionals, and academics, including endocrinologists, cell biologists, and reproductive medicine specialists, studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the syndrome.
Chromatin Marks H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Anjum Farhan , Kaushik Kush , Salam Abdul , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: January 2025

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal and aggressive breast cancer among all the breast cancer subtypes. Despite several attempts, to date, there is an extensive lack of therapeutic intervention. Hence, there is a dire need for an effective biomarker to timely diagnose TNBC. Here, utilizing super‐resolution microscopy, the remodeling structural aspects of euchromatin and heterochromatin in TNBC are studied and the results are compared with non‐cancerous and non‐TNBC cell lines. The nanoscopic visualization reveals a distinct difference in chromatin remodeling in TNBC in comparison to the other two cell lines. While the euchromatin density is found to increase, the heterochromatin is found to decrease. A complete switching of the heterochromatin‐euchromatin ratio is observed in TNBC cells thus proposing that chromatin remodeling and chromatin morphological changes can be pursued as one of the targets for diagnostic purposes. Increased expression of structure specific recognition protein‐1(SSRP‐1) protein supports the increased rate of chromatin remodeling in breast cancer cell lines. The results may lead to developing a new strategy for diagnosing TNBC patients.
4D Printed Cardiac Occlusion Device with Efficient Anticoagulation, Proendothelialization, and Precise Localization
Authors: Yang Mengjiao , Xu Yingjie , Xin Xiaozhou , Zeng Chengjun , Li Yuanshi , Lin Cheng , Liu Yanju , Guo Yuanyuan , Leng Jinsong
Published: January 2025

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are one of the most common congenital malformations, accounting for ≈30% of all congenital malformations. Interventional implantation of occlusion devices is becoming the preferred treatment for CHDs. However, current occlusion devices suffer from serious problems, such as thrombosis, slow endothelialization, imprecise localization, abrasion, displacement, etc. Here, a multifunctional drug‐carrying fiber platform with structural similar to the extracellular matrix is innovatively designed to develop 4D printed cardiac occlusion devices, with characteristics of efficient anticoagulation, proendothelialization, and precise localization. Biomimetic ligament structures are designed to achieve a similar mechanical response to myocardial tissue, which helps to synergize deformation and reduce tissue wear. A structural design method for biomimetic personalized multilevel occlusion devices is proposed, facilitating further improvement of sealing reliability. The radiopaque 4D printed shape memory composites are developed, realizing the complete visualization and precise localization of the device in vivo. The novel 4D printed cardiac occlusion device provides an effective way to reduce the risk of complications and contributes to versatility. It is expected to be a next‐generation multifunctional repair device for personalized treatment of CHDs.
Hydrogel‐Based Photothermal‐Catalytic Membrane for Efficient Cogeneration of Freshwater and Hydrogen in Membrane Distillation System
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Farid Muhammad Usman , Xi Wenlong , Lu Gang , Boey Min Wei , Ravi Sai Kishore , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , An Alicia Kyoungjin
Published: January 2025

Photothermal‐catalytic (PTC) process is a promising way to produce freshwater and clean hydrogen by integrating solar‐driven desalination and water splitting. However, efficient solar spectrum utilization coupled with effective mass and thermal management poses key challenges in developing multifunctional PTC systems. Here, a highly stable hydrogel membrane (CdS/MX‐HM) that incorporates MXene and in‐situ generated CdS as the PTC materials into a customized vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) setup is demonstrated. The CdS/MXene composites utilize the full solar spectrum, with MXene contributing to photothermal ability and serving as a co‐catalyst to enhance photocatalytic performance, which are effectively integrated into the membrane system. These functional materials are immobilized within the hydrophilic PVA/chitosan hydrogel layer, which creates a supramolecular network that provides excellent stability and protection while offering an interface for PTC processes. Supported by the hydrophobic PTFE membrane substrate, the integrated system enables fast gas transfer to the permeate, completing the dual‐function design. Through systematic optimization of membrane structure and operational parameters, the PTC‐VMD system achieves a water flux of 1.63 kg m−2 h−¹ and a hydrogen production rate of 3099 µmol m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable solution for the water‐energy nexus challenge.
Metallic Sliding Ferroelectricity in Trilayer Penta‐NiN2
Authors: Hou Changsheng , Shen Yiheng , Wang Qian
Published: January 2025

The experimental observation of metallic ferroelectricity has challenged the traditional understanding in recent years, as metallicity and ferroelectricity are historically considered mutually exclusive. This breakthrough has sparked significant interest in this field. However, the coexistence of metallicity and sliding ferroelectricity in 2D pentagonal materials has not been reported yet. Here, this is theoretically studied that the sliding ferroelectricity in metallic trilayer penta‐NiN2. By scanning the configuration space of stacking patterns, a pair of polarized configurations is identified with strong out‐of‐plane ferroelectric polarization of ± 5.39 × 10−13 C m−1 and a low polarization switching barrier of 14.33 meV/atom together with a non‐polarized configuration as the intermediate state for the ferroelectric transition. It is also found that there are substantial changes in the second harmonic generation of the stable configurations that would facilitate experimental observation. This work demonstrates the potential of pentagonal sheets as promising metallic sliding ferroelectrics, which would significantly expand the family of sliding ferroelectric materials.
Polar Pore Surface of Polyamide Membranes Enabling Efficient Solvent Mixture Separation
Authors: Zhang Aiwen , Guan Kecheng , Mai Zhaohuan , Wang Zheng , Dai Liheng , Li Chuang , Li Bowen , Li Zhan , Hu Mengyang , Zhang Pengfei , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: January 2025

Separating solvent mixtures without phase change using polyamide membranes reduces energy consumption and enhances environmental sustainability. However, overemphasizing precise pore control while neglecting membrane–solvent interactions hinder membrane development and reduces separation efficiency. Here, it is demonstrated that rapid separation of solvents of differing polarity can be achieved using a polyamide membrane featuring relatively large pores with a polar surface formed via interfacial polymerization between polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The abundant amine groups and flexible chains of PEI facilitate the formation of a polyamide network that enables fast and selective transport of mixed solvents with varying polarity. The membrane can exhibit several‐fold‐higher permeance while maintaining comparable permselectivity compared to conventional polyamide membranes fabricated from the reaction of m‐phenylenediamine with TMC. This work leverages membrane–solvent interactions to achieve solvent mixture differentiation and may guide the development of high‐performance polymer membranes for efficient solvent mixture separation.
A Highly Bioactive Organic–Inorganic Nanoparticle for Activating Wnt10b Mediated Osteogenesis by Specifically Anchor CCN3 Protein
Authors: Qiu Yonghao , Wang Chunhui , Yang Yulian , Xu Shijing , Huang Haohui , Zhang Liuyang , Lei Bo , Zhao Fujian
Published: January 2025

The rapid and efficient bone regeneration is still in unsatisfactory outcomes, demonstrating alternative strategy and molecular mechanism is necessary. Nanoscale biomaterials have shown some promising results in enhancing bone regeneration, however, the detailed interaction mechanism between nanomaterial and cells/tissue formation is not clear. Herein, a molecular‐based inorganic–organic nanomaterial poly(citrate‐siloxane) (PCS) is reported which can rapidly enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone formation through a special interaction with the cellular surface communication network factor 3 (CCN3), further activating the Wnt10b/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that the CCN3 is a key bridge protein for transmitting the osteoinductive effects of nano PCS into the intracellular compartment and activating Wnt10b. Specifically, the molecular mechanism studies confirmed that the inorganic silicon hydroxyl and the organic ester group can bound to the Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) and von Willebrand factor type C repeat module (vWC) structural domains of CCN3 respectively. The special material‐protein interaction induced a conformational change of CCN3 and activated the function of the TSP‐1 structural domain, which is further associated with the binding and activation of Wnt10b signaling. This study reveals the first targets of nanobiomaterials to promote tissue regeneration through cellular interactions and provides new ideas for the development of materiobiology.
An on‐Demand Oxygen Nano‐vehicle Sensitizing Protein and Nucleic Acid Drug Augment Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Sidi , Wang Xinghui , Chen Xiaojing , Shu Duohuo , Lin Quankun , Zou Hanbing , Dong Jialin , Wang Bing , Tang Qianyun , Li Huishan , Chen Xiaoxiang , Pu Jun , Gu Bin , Liu Peifeng
Published: January 2025

Hypoxia severely limits the antitumor immunotherapy for breast cancer. Although efforts to alleviate tumor hypoxia and drug delivery using diverse nanostructures achieve promising results, the creation of a versatile controllable oxygen‐releasing nano‐platform for co‐delivery with immunostimulatory molecules remains a persistent challenge. To address this problem, a versatile oxygen controllable releasing vehicle PFOB@F127@PDA (PFPNPs) is developed, which effectively co‐delivered either protein drug lactate oxidase (LOX) or nucleic acids drug unmethylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine oligonucleotide (CpG ODNs). Upon photothermal heating, this platform triggered oxygen release, thereby augmenting LOX‐mediated lactate detection rates, and improving T cells infiltrating and cytokine expression. Moreover, under an oxygenated tumor microenvironment (TME), PFPNPs co‐delivered with CpG ODNs effectively reprogrammed the immunosuppressive TME by repolarizing macrophages to an M1‐like phenotype, promoting dendritic cells maturation, and increasing tumor‐infiltrating T cells while decreasing the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our study demonstrated that this controlled oxygen‐releasing platform possessed adaptive drug‐loading capabilities to meet varied immunotherapeutic demands in clinical settings.