bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gripping Success Metric for Robotic Fruit Harvesting
Authors: Seo Dasom , Oh Il-Seok
Published: December 2024

Recently, computer vision methods have been widely applied to agricultural tasks, such as robotic harvesting. In particular, fruit harvesting robots often rely on object detection or segmentation to identify and localize target fruits. During the model selection process for object detection, the average precision (AP) score typically provides the de facto standard. However, AP is not intuitive for determining which model is most efficient for robotic harvesting. It is based on the intersection-over-union (IoU) of bounding boxes, which reflects only regional overlap. IoU alone cannot reliably predict the success of robotic gripping, as identical IoU scores may yield different results depending on the overlapping shape of the boxes. In this paper, we propose a novel evaluation metric for robotic harvesting. To assess gripping success, our metric uses the center coordinates of bounding boxes and a margin hyperparameter that accounts for the gripper’s specifications. We conducted evaluation about popular object detection models on peach and apple datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed gripping success metric is much more intuitive and helpful in interpreting the performance data.
EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
Authors: Orovas Christos , Sapounidis Theodosios , Volioti Christina , Keramopoulos Euclid
Published: December 2024

Education is an activity that involves great cognitive load for learning, understanding, concentrating, and other high-level cognitive tasks. The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and other brain imaging techniques in education has opened the scientific field of neuroeducation. Insights about the brain mechanisms involved in learning and assistance in the evaluation and optimization of education methodologies according to student brain responses is the main target of this field. Being a multidisciplinary field, neuroeducation requires expertise in various fields such as education, neuroinformatics, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The need for a comprehensive guide where various important issues are presented and examples of their application in neuroeducation research projects are given is apparent. This paper presents an overview of the current hardware and software options, discusses methodological issues, and gives examples of best practices as found in the recent literature. These were selected by applying the PRISMA statement to results returned by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords “EEG and neuroeducation” for projects published in the last six years (2018–2024). Apart from the basic background knowledge, two research questions regarding methodological aspects (experimental settings and hardware and software used) and the subject of the research and type of information used from the EEG signals are addressed and discussed.
Modeling of Electric Field and Dielectrophoretic Force in a Parallel-Plate Cell Separation Device with an Electrode Lid and Analytical Formulation Using Fourier Series
Authors: Nishikawa Daiki , Seki Yoshinori , Tada Shigeru
Published: December 2024

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) cell separation technology is an effective means of separating target cells which are only marginally present in a wide variety of cells. To develop highly efficient cell separation devices, detailed analysis of the nonuniform electric field’s intensity distribution within the device is needed, as it affects separation performance. Here we analytically expressed the distributions of the electric field and DEP force in a parallel-plate cell separation DEP device by employing electrostatic analysis through the Fourier series method. The solution was approximated by extrapolating a novel approximate equation as a boundary condition for the potential between adjacent fingers of interdigitated electrodes and changing the underlying differential equation into a solvable form. The distributions of the potential and electric fields obtained by the analytical solution were compared with those from numerical simulations using finite element method software to verify their accuracy. As a result, it was found that the two agreed well, and the analytical solution was obtained with good accuracy. Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging analysis was performed using live non-tumorigenic human mammary (MCF10A) cells. The distribution of cell clusters adsorbed on the interdigitated electrodes was compared with the analytically obtained distribution of the DEP force, and the mechanism underlying cell adsorption on the electrode surface was discussed. Furthermore, parametric analysis using the width and spacing of these electrodes as variables revealed that spacing is crucial for determining DEP force. The results suggested that for cell separation devices using interdigitated electrodes, optimization by adjusting electrode spacing could significantly enhance device performance.
Development of Automatic Method for Glucose Detection Based on Platinum Octaethylporphyrin Sol–Gel Film with Long-Term Stability
Authors: Niu Yujie , Wang Yongda , Li Lu , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Ting
Published: December 2024

In this study, an approach has been proposed in response to the urgent need for a sensitive and stable method for glucose detection at low concentrations. Platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) was chosen as the probe and embedded into the matrix material to yield a glucose-sensing film, i.e., Pt/TE-MTS, through a sol–gel process. The optical parameter (OP) was defined as the ratio of phosphorescence in the absence and presence of glucose, and the relationship between OP and glucose concentration (GC) was established in a theoretical way based on the Stern–Volmer equation and further obtained by photoluminescence measurement. OP exhibited a linear relationship with GC in a range of 0–720 μM. The time required by the photoluminescence of the film to reach equilibrium was measured to ensure the completion of the reaction, and it was found that the equilibrium time decreased as the GC increased. The photobleaching behavior and stabilization of the film were monitored, and the result showed that the film exhibited excellent resistance to photobleaching and was quite stable in an aqueous solution. Additionally, a LabVIEW-based GC-detection system was developed to achieve the practical application of the sensing film. In summary, the Pt/TE-MTS film exhibited high sensitivity in detecting the GC with excellent reproducibility, which is of high value in applications.
Advances in Recycling Technologies of Critical Metals and Resources from Cathodes and Anodes in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Shuwen , Lai Yanrong , Yang Jingran , Zhao Jiaxue , Zhang Yushan , Chen Miaoling , Tang Jinfeng , Xu Junhua , Su Minhua
Published: December 2024

With the rapid economic development and the continuous growth in the demand for new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, a significant number of waste lithium-ion batteries are expected to enter the market in the future. Effectively managing the processing and recycling of these batteries to minimize environmental pollution is a major challenge currently facing the lithium-ion battery industry. This paper analyzes and compares the recycling strategies for different components of lithium-ion batteries, providing a summary of the main types of batteries, existing technologies at various pre-treatment stages, and recycling techniques for valuable resources such as heavy metals and graphite. Currently, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes have matured; however, their high energy consumption and pollution levels conflict with the principles of the current green economy. As a result, innovative technologies have emerged, aiming to reduce energy consumption while achieving high recovery rates and minimizing the environmental impact. Nevertheless, most of these technologies are currently limited to the laboratory scale and are not yet suitable for large-scale application.
A Compact Instrument for Temperature-Programming-Assisted Capillary–Nanoliquid Chromatography
Authors: Marins Lincon Coutinho , Monteiro Alessandra Maffei , Leal Vivane Lopes , Medina Deyber Arley Vargas , Cardenas Edwin Martin , Lanças Fernando Mauro
Published: December 2024

The miniaturization of liquid chromatography (LC) columns to capillary and nanoscales allows temperature programming to be an effective alternative to solvent gradients for modulating eluotropic strength. This approach simplifies instrument design and operation, as a single pump can suffice to achieve efficient separations. This study presents the development and application of a compact, lab-built high-pressure system for temperature-programmed capillary and nanoLC separations. The instrument includes a high-pressure capillary–nanoflow syringe pump, a time-based nanoliter injection system, a programmable capillary column oven for controlled temperature gradients, and a UV-Vis detection system with a custom nanoliter-scale detection cell. Each system component was designed and built in-house, with rigorous calibration to ensure accuracy and operational reliability. Experimental data confirm the system’s capability to deliver precise, reproducible temperature, and flow rates. Functionality was validated through temperature-programmed separations on packed and open tubular capillary columns. The results demonstrated that the developed instrument offers enhanced separation efficiency and reduced analysis time compared to isothermal methods, underscoring its potential for advanced applications in miniaturized liquid chromatography.
Understanding Urban Cooling of Blue–Green Infrastructure: A Review of Spatial Data and Sustainable Planning Optimization Methods for Mitigating Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Budzik Grzegorz , Sylla Marta , Kowalczyk Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Many studies in the literature have assessed the blue–green infrastructure (BGI) characteristics that influence its cooling potential for sustainable urban development. Common assessment methods include satellite remote sensing, numerical simulations, and field measurements, each defining different cooling efficiency indicators. This methodological diversity creates uncertainties in optimizing BGI management. To address this, a literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, examining how the BGI cools urban space, which spatial data and methods are most effective, which methodological differences may affect the results, and what the current research gaps and innovative future directions are. The results suggest that remote sensing is ideal for large-scale BGI comparisons, numerical simulations for local development scenarios, and field measurements for assessing conditions closest to residents. Maximum BGI cooling intensity averages show 4 °C from remote sensing, 3 °C from field measurements, and 2 °C from numerical simulations. Differences in conclusions may arise from differences in the data resolution, model scale, BGI delineation method, and cooling range calculation. The key BGI characteristics include object size, vegetation fraction, foliage density, and spatial connectivity. Future research should prioritize the integration of the different methods, BGI shape complexity effectiveness assessment, and effects of urban morphology on evaluating BGI characteristics’ effectiveness, and explore digital twin technology for BGI management optimization. This study integrates key information on BGI’s cooling capabilities, serving as a useful resource for both practitioners and researchers to support resilient city development.
Barriers, Benefits, and Influential Factors of Adopting Earth Observation Satellite Data at Local and Regional Levels: The Case of the Italian LRAs
Authors: Filippi Elisa , Aiello Antonello
Published: December 2024

Earth observation (EO) data are essential for monitoring and planning public policies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Despite significant public investments at the European level, the socio-economic impact on public administrations, especially local and regional authorities (LRAs), remains suboptimal. This limited adoption may hinder the enhancement of cities’ and regions’ capability to address climate change and sustainable development effectively. This article aims to (1) map the use of EO data and services by Italian LRAs, (2) investigate barriers to adoption and perceived benefits, and (3) identify influential factors and provide recommendations for adoption. A case study methodology was employed, focusing on Italian LRAs. A survey covering 37 variables across five categories was distributed. Data from 109 respondents indicated an EO data adoption rate of approximately 58%, with higher rates in North-East and Central Italy and among regions compared to cities. EO data are primarily used for land cover and urban planning, with significant applications in climate change management. While LRAs recognise benefits such as time and economic savings and monitoring efficacy, they face many barriers, including exogenous and endogenous factors. This paper delves into these barriers and recommends enhancing EO data adoption among LRAs.
Analysis of Population Flow Changes in Red Tourism Counties of China Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Mobile Signaling Data
Authors: Bai Yaqing , Wang Min , Xu Xinliang , Li Jiahui , Cheng Xuepeng
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the tourism industry, particularly red tourism. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamics of population flow in red tourism counties during the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods, aiming to provide valuable insights for sustainable red tourism planning and policy formulation. This study covers 180 red tourism counties across 20 provinces in China, utilizing mobile signaling data from May and October of 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The results show that, in 2023, the total population inflow to red tourism counties reached 4448.85 × 104, with a notable spatial disparity, mainly concentrated in northern and central regions, such as Beijing, Linyi, and Liu’an. The inflow was primarily from eastern and central provinces, such as Guangdong, Hebei, and Henan, with these areas showing substantially higher visitation than western and northeastern regions. These inflows were strongly influenced by geographic proximity and transportation accessibility, with a significant increase during holiday periods reflecting the role of tourism policies in shaping mobility patterns. From 2018 to 2023, population dynamics fluctuated significantly due to the pandemic, with a strong recovery by 2023, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by 1332.26 × 104. The recovery rates varied regionally, with areas such as Inner Mongolia and Qinghai showing substantial growth, while provinces such as Beijing and Shanxi showed slower recovery. These findings underscore the enduring appeal of red tourism and highlight the effectiveness of targeted policy interventions. However, regional disparities in recovery rates suggest that focused efforts are needed to ensure balanced and sustainable red tourism development.
Regional Competitiveness for Achieving Sustainable Development of Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Chaaben Nahla , Elleuch Zied , Kahouli Bassem , Zneidi Kaouther
Published: December 2024

The concept of competitiveness has had a notable influence on the strategies and policies adopted recently. In particular, the concept of regional competitiveness has attracted significant interest from policymakers due to its capacity to assess and compare different territories in the absence of an established policy or conceptual framework. Nevertheless, the concept of regional competitiveness itself has been a topic of debate among scholars, along with the dimensions that should be included in such a concept. The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the competitive landscape at the regional level in Saudi Arabia. In this regard, the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI), as proposed by the European Union, provides an appropriate framework for analysis. The index is made up of eleven pillars classified into three sub-indices: basic, efficiency, and innovation assess factors pertinent to businesses that extend beyond those relevant to the residents of the regions in question and their quality of life. The findings indicate that the RCI indicator performs robustly to the variable reduction methods employed. Moreover, the study’s results indicate that Riyadh and Makkah are the two regions with the highest scores of the index, with values of 18.705 and 17.949, respectively. In contrast, the Hail region exhibits an average performance in comparison to the other regions. The RCI scores indicate notable disparities in competitiveness between provinces. In light of these findings, it can be proposed that efforts to enhance a region’s competitive standing should be accompanied by efficacious enhancements to its economic and social facets to ensure sustainability.
The Impact of Digital Environmental Governance on Green Transformation: Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Test from China
Authors: Zhao Xiaoman , Zhang Shuai , Lu Fengzhi
Published: December 2024

In the era of digitalization, digital environmental governance has gradually emerged as a new driving force for promoting economic green transformation. Taking China’s 30 provinces as the research sample, on the basis of the theoretical analysis, this paper explores the influence, mechanism, and threshold effects of digital environmental governance on green transformation by using a panel fixed model, a two-step mechanism test model, and a threshold model, respectively. The spatial Durbin model is further employed to discuss the spatial spillover effects of the digital environmental governance’s influence. The results indicate that the following: (1) Digital environmental governance can effectively enhance green transformation, with a pronounced impact observed in central and western regions and high-pollution areas. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that the intermediary pathway for achieving green transformation through digital environmental governance lies in strengthening environmental regulation intensity. Meanwhile, this enabling effect is constrained by the development level of regional digital economy, showing an “increasing marginal utility” characteristic along with the digital economy. (3) The digital environmental governance’s influence shows a spatial spillover effect, which not only enhances local green transformation but also significantly contributes to promoting surrounding green transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to expedite the integrated application of digital technology in the field of environmental governance, prioritize tailored enabling strategies based on local conditions, and reinforce the supportive role played by the digital economy through multiple avenues to effectively harness the benefits of this new opportunity presented by digital environmental governance.
Exploring External Costs on the Example of Sea–Land Transport Chains of Refrigerated Cargo Between Spain and Poland
Authors: Kalinowski Marcin , Koba Rafał , Lipka Patryk , Czaplewski Krzysztof , Weintrit Adam , Witkowska Joanna
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to identify sea–land transport chains of refrigerated cargo against the background of direct road transport on the Valencia–Warsaw route based on the analysis of external costs with particular consideration of the external costs of energy production in road and sea transport. Fruits and vegetables were assumed to be a group of refrigerated cargo in the study. The considerations so far have shown that many refrigerated cargo operators transported between Spain and Poland are only sometimes guided by full and up-to-date knowledge of the amount of external costs in their transport decisions. It seems reasonable to undertake information activities at the national level addressed to cargo operators and organizations associating with them, aimed at presenting the total costs of both direct and external transport.
Enhancing Mobility and Sustainability: An Origami-Based Furniture Design Approach for Young Migrants
Authors: Liu Wei , Md Ishak Siti Mastura , Yahaya Mohd Faiz
Published: December 2024

Amid accelerating globalization and resource scarcity, rapid urbanization and population mobility have made sustainable development a critical issue for cities. Frequent relocations pose furniture disposal challenges for many young migrants, with high transportation costs and furniture wear increasing their economic burden and resource waste. Origami design effectively addresses these needs with its portability, easy storage, simplified manufacturing, and reduced failure rates. However, most furniture designers lack origami expertise, limiting their ability to leverage these benefits. This study integrates the existing literature and presents a sustainable furniture design method combining Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper, and Crane, enabling designers to incorporate origami principles with limited prior knowledge. The results show that this method not only enhances the economic feasibility of furniture but also balances user needs, commercial interests, and environmental sustainability, offering new insights for urban sustainable development.
Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Ecosystem Service Value of Northeast Sandy Land in China
Authors: Zhang Li , Qu Wei , Li Xiaoshuang , Du Huishi
Published: December 2024

The goal of this study is to analyze the land use and land cover change (LUCC) in the Northeast Sandy Land from 1990 to 2023 and reveal the characteristics of the changes in the value of ecosystem services in the area, aiming to provide scientific references for the ecological sustainable development of the Northeast Sandy Land. Using Landsat series remote sensing images from 1990 to 2023, we endeavored to obtain the information mapping of LUCC in the study area in four periods (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2023), applied GIS spatial analysis and numerical statistical analysis methods to study the LUCC in the area, and calculated the resulting changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) based on the table of ESV coefficients. The results show that: (1) in the past 33 years, LUCC in the Northeast Sandy Land has changed significantly, with an increase in the area of farmland, sandy land, and other lands, and a decrease in the area of forest, grassland, and water; (2) the value of ecosystem services has increased from CNY 1,624,557.77 billion in 1990 to CNY 173,999.99 billion in 2023, the average annual growth rate is 0.24%/a; (3) in the single ESV, the ESV of biodiversity increase is the greatest, with an increase of 0.72%/a; (4) LUCC is obvious in the Northeast Sandy Land, and LUCC is the main reason affecting the change in regional ESV.
Inherent Safety Index Evaluation of an Extractive-Based Creole-Antillean Avocado Biorefinery in Montes De María, Colombia
Authors: Herrera-Rodríguez Tamy Carolina , González-Delgado Ángel Darío
Published: December 2024

In Colombia, different varieties of avocados are produced. In the Montes de María region, Creole-Antillean avocados are grown, but part of the production is lost due to the presence of fungi and pests, lacking marketing strategies, poor road conditions, and other factors. For this reason, we propose utilizing avocados under the concept of biorefinery to produce value-added products such as bio-oil, biopesticide, and chlorophyll from the pulp, seed, and peel, respectively. The objective is to evaluate the safety of establishing an avocado biorefinery by determining the inherent safety index of the chemical processes. The process inherent safety index is a methodology that allows the assessment of processes in the conceptual design stages. This technique identifies the characteristics of the process by determining the properties of the chemical substances, maximum operating conditions, types of equipment, construction materials, reported accidents, and other relevant factors. In the present study, the safety performance of the process is observed. A total inherent safety index of 18 points was obtained, indicating that the process is viable from a safety perspective if we compare it to the permitted limit of 24 points. This is because the process does not represent a considerable safety hazard, though some precautions must be taken due to the maximum operating temperature of 81 °C. Additionally, the chemical substances (methanol, acetone, and ethanol) necessary for obtaining bio-oil, chlorophyll, and biopesticide must be handled appropriately.
Validation of a Digital Human-Based Safety Education Framework for Migrant Construction Workers in Korea Using the CIPP Model and a Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Jang Jong-Hwa , Noh Younghee , Kim Ji-Soo
Published: December 2024

The increasing number of industrial accidents among construction workers has highlighted the growing importance of safety education. This study aims to validate a digital human-based safety education (DHSE) framework for reducing industrial accidents among migrant construction workers (MCWs) in Korea. The framework was initially structured through a review of the literature and expert opinions using multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The participants included safety education practitioners, digital human experts, and professors. They identified the initial framework based on the context, input, process, and product evaluation model and completed the first round of a Delphi survey. In the second Delphi survey, participants’ level of agreement on the appropriateness of the questions was assessed, leading to the derivation of 70 items across four modules and 15 criteria. In the third round, the participants confirmed their final responses, achieving expert consensus. With the derived mean (≥3.50), standard deviation, consensus (≥0.75), convergence (≤0.50), and coefficient of variation (<0.25), the need for a DHSE framework for MCWs was validated. Recommendations regarding educational content and application are proposed. After developing a programme based on the DHSE framework and applying it to MCWs, an effectiveness evaluation is necessary. We expect that these results will enhance value-based social sustainability.
Risk Management Model of Urban Resilience Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Blokus-Dziula Agnieszka , Dziula Przemysław
Published: December 2024

Climate change is inevitable and intensifying. The consequences are particularly severe for urban areas, which are becoming increasingly populated. This has resulted in the necessity to analyze the effects of climate change on the functioning of urban areas and build and plan strategies for strengthening the resilience of cities and their infrastructures and for predicting climate change and the threats associated with it. This study proposes a multi-criteria model for analyzing and assessing the risk arising from climate change to urban areas by determining the probability of the occurrence of various threats and their potential consequences for urbanization. The model takes into account the exposure and vulnerability of assets, systems, infrastructure, and communities to the significant consequences of climate change and the occurrence of hazardous events. Bayesian probability theory was proposed to predict the probability of hazardous event occurrence, taking into account climate change and the statistical uncertainty in estimating extreme hazard impacts. The proposed model allows us to include vulnerability drivers and resilience factors and their effect on the functioning of a city and its critical infrastructures and, consequently, the lives and well-being of residents. The model can be applied to risk management and planning strategies for urban resilience strengthening.
Enhancing the Quality of Tomato Straw Waste Composting: The Role of Earthworm Stocking Density in Composting–Vermicomposting Integrated Systems
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Shu Luolin , Lin Yuqin , Li Lei , Cao Qianqian , Wu Yongjun , Yang Zhenchao
Published: December 2024

Recently, combining composting with vermicomposting has garnered growing interest as an efficient approach for the sustainable processing of agricultural waste. This study utilized composting as a pretreatment method to mitigate the salinity of tomato straw, employing four distinct earthworm stocking densities (0, 40, 80, and 120 worms/kg) to assess the feasibility of a combined composting–vermicomposting approach for stabilizing tomato straw waste. The results indicated that the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, humification index, and germination index of the vermicompost products increased by 3.2–10.57%, 3.3–12.69%, 2.65–7.42%, 21.56–30.54%, and 36.57–91.68%, respectively. Relative to the control, the greatest improvement was observed at a density of 80 worms per kilogram of tomato straw compost. Moreover, the earthworm treatment group showed enhanced enzyme activity, bacterial abundance, and diversity relative to the control group. It can, therefore, be concluded that the integrated composting–vermicomposting system contributes to enhancing the quality of tomato straw waste compost. However, to further explore the treatment potential of high-salinity agricultural waste, future research could optimize the integrated composting and vermicomposting system and investigate the synergistic effects between earthworm stocking density and environmental factors.
Evaluation of Possible Contaminants from Sustainable Materials Intended for Food Contact
Authors: Pitirollo Olimpia , Grimaldi Maria , Messinese Edmondo , Fontanarosa Marco , Mattarozzi Monica , Cavazza Antonella
Published: December 2024

The ecological transition is leading industry towards the use of materials of natural origin, which are often proposed for food contact materials as a sustainable solution to reduce plastic use. They are perceived as safe by consumers; however, a strict control on potential contaminants able to migrate to food and beverages is necessary to assess safety. Thus, the development of analytical methods for the detection and the identification of potentially occurring harmful substances is strongly encouraged, and the combination of different techniques can be a solution to obtain complementary information. In this work, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, ATR-IR and ESEM have been exploited with the aim of monitoring both volatile and non-volatile compounds, and to control surface composition and morphology. Extraction with solvent and migration experiments with simulants were performed on 11 commercial samples, including plates, caps, and wooden coffee stirrers. Global and specific migration studies were carried out, and possible differences before and after use were explored. Analysis after solvent extraction confirmed the presence of additives, and of Non-Intentionally-Added Substances (NIAS) that were also found in migration studies. Data on morphological characterisation were useful to control the item composition, and to check the stability of the materials after repeated use.
Eco-Friendly Stabilization of Physicochemically Dispersive Soil Using Sticky Rice and Calcium Chloride
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Fan Henghui , Huo Jiangru , Zhang Xingyu , Ren Guanzhou , Yang Xiujuan , Wang Pengwei
Published: December 2024

Dispersive soil is highly susceptible to water erosion, leading to significant engineering challenges, such as slope instability and canal damage. Common modifiers such as lime are effective but cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to explore eco-friendly modifiers. This study investigates the effects of sticky rice and calcium chloride (SRC) on dispersive soil. Dispersivity tests identified an optimal ratio of sticky rice to calcium chloride of 3:1. To analyze the effects of different SRC contents and curing times on the soil properties, tests of dispersivity, hydraulic, mechanical, chemical, and microscopic mechanisms were conducted based on this optimal ratio. The results indicated that 1.5% SRC effectively eliminated soil dispersivity even without curing, and its effectiveness improved with an extended curing time. After 28 days of curing, the water stability increased significantly, permeability decreased by an order of magnitude, and cohesion improved by approximately 85.97%. SRC reduced soil dispersivity through three primary mechanisms: lowering the pH, promoting ion exchange between Ca2+ and Na+, and the cementing effect of the sticky rice paste. Additionally, Ca2+ acted as a bridge between organic colloids and clay particles, further strengthening the structural stability of microaggregates. Overall, SRC proved to be an effective eco-friendly modifier for improving physicochemically dispersive soil.
Spatial Distribution and Driving Factors of Nitrogen Cycle Genes in Urban Landscape Lake
Authors: Zhong Hua , Li Peng , Xu Xin , Ma Maoting , Zhang Chengjun , Du Lianfeng , Guo Xuan
Published: December 2024

Urban landscape lakes are increasingly at risk of nitrogen-induced eutrophication. Microbial nitrogen transformation plays a crucial role in reducing nitrogen levels in these lakes. However, the relationships between microbial communities, nitrogen functional genes, and nitrogen dynamics in water and sediment, along with their underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. In this study, we systemically investigated the spatial distributions of physicochemical indicators in the overlying water and sediment in a typical urban landscape lake, Zizhuyuan Park, and the microbial communities and nitrogen cycling genes in the surface sediments of the lake connection (CO), side (SI), and center (CE) were evaluated via macrogenetic sequencing technology to analyze their relationships with environmental factors. The results revealed that the concentrations of TN, NO3−, and NH4+ in the lake water were within the ranges of 1.36~2.84, 0.98~1.92, and 0.01~0.29 mg·L−1, respectively. The concentrations of TN, NO3−, and NH4+ in the sediments ranged from 1.17~3.47 g·kg−1, 0.88~1.94 mg·kg−1, and 5.61~10.09 mg·kg−1, respectively. The contents of NH4+ in water, TN and NO3− in sediments were significantly different in spatial distribution (p < 0.05). At the CE site, the Shannon diversity index was the highest and differed significantly from the values at the SI and CO sites (p < 0.01).The sediments of Central Lake contained a total of 36 phyla and 1303 genera of microorganisms. Proteobacteria (62.88–64.83%) and Actinobacteria (24.84–26.62%) accounted for more than 85% of the microorganisms. Nitrospirae, Ignavibacteriae, and Bacteroidetes were significantly different (p < 0.05) at the CE, and Planctomycetes were significantly different (p < 0.05) at the CO. The functional gene nrfA exhibited the highest abundance, followed by napA, nosZ, nirS, hao, ureC, norB, nifH, nirK, hdhA, nifB, and amoA. The abundances of hao and nifH differed significantly at various locations in Central Lake (p < 0.05). The key nitrogen transformation processes in the sediments, ranked by contribution rate, were DNRA, denitrification, nitrification, ammoniation, nitrogen fixation, and anammox. The six nitrogen processes showed significant differences (p < 0.01) in spatial distribution. The pH, TN, NO3−, NH4+, C/N ratio of the sediment, and NH4+ in the lake water impact the microbial community and nitrogen conversion process. The sediment should be cleaned regularly, and the water cycle should be strengthened in urban landscape lakes to regulate microorganisms and genes and ultimately reduce nitrogen and control eutrophic water. This study can provide a reference for improving and managing lake water environments in urban landscapes.
Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis on High Hydrostatic Pressure as New Sustainable Technology for Food Processing: Key Concepts and Research Trends
Authors: Puente-Díaz Luis , Solís Doina , Wong-Toro Siu-heng
Published: December 2024

The industrial application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) can be traced back to the late 19th century in the fields of mechanical and chemical engineering. Its growth as a food preservation technique has developed and massified in certain countries in the last 30 years. However, there is no global overview of the research conducted on this topic. The aim of this study was to recognize global trends in the scientific population on the subject of HHP over time at the main levels of analysis: sources, authors, and publications. This article provides a summary of research related to the use of HHP through a bibliometric analysis using information obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database between the years 1975–2023, using the terms “pascalization”,“high-pressure processing”, and “high hydrostatic pressure” as input keywords. The results are shown in tables, graphs, and relationship diagrams. The countries most influential and productive in high hydrostatic pressure are the People’s R China, the USA, and Spain, with 1578, 1340, and 1003 articles, respectively. Conversely, the authors with the highest metrics are Saraiva, J. (Universidade Aveiro-Portugal), Hendrickx, M. (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven-Belgium), and Wang, T. (China Agricultural University-China). The most productive journals are Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, Food Chemistry, and LWT-Food Science and Technology, all belonging to Elsevier, with 457, 281, and 264 documents, respectively. In relation to the connection between the documents under study and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most documents in the period 1975–2023 are linked to SDG 03 (good health and well-being), followed by SDG 02 (zero hunger), and SDG 07 (affordable and clean energy). Finally, the information presented in this work may give valuable key insights for those interested in the development of this interesting topic in non-thermal food preservation. Additionally, it serves as a strategic resource for stakeholders, such as food industry leaders, policymakers, and research funding bodies, by providing a clear understanding of the current state of knowledge and innovation trends. This enables informed decision-making regarding research priorities, investment opportunities, and the development of regulatory frameworks to support the adoption and advancement of non-thermal preservation technologies, ultimately contributing to safer and more sustainable food systems.
The Nonlinear Dynamics of CO2 Emissions in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of Transportation, Electricity Consumption, and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Wang Biao , Ke Ji , Mvitu Israel Muaka
Published: December 2024

CO2 emissions are major drivers of climate change, causing global warming, extreme weather, and biodiversity loss. They disrupt ecosystems, deplete resources, and threaten public health and economic stability. Reducing CO2 emissions is essential for climate stability and sustainability. This study explores the complex relationships between CO2 emissions and factors such as the transportation sector, electricity consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade, and gross domestic product (GDP). The focus is on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Pakistan. Using time series data from 2000 to 2022. This study applies advanced econometric techniques, including nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). The findings highlight that increased electricity consumption, international trade, transportation activities, and FDI contribute to higher CO2 emissions. However, FDI can also help reduce emissions, particularly through investments in green technologies. This study emphasizes the importance of transitioning to renewable energy and adopting sustainable practices across sectors such as electricity, trade, and transportation. Specifically, transportation and electricity consumption were found to significantly impact CO2 emissions, with a 10% increase in transportation activities resulting in a 5% rise in emissions. Conversely, FDI can reduce emissions by approximately 3% per unit of investment, largely due to green technology adoption. Additionally, integrating renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies in transportation can lead to a 20% reduction in emissions. Policymakers and experts must prioritize strategies that promote renewable energy adoption and integrate sustainable practices to reduce CO2 emissions and ensure long-term environmental sustainability. This research is innovative in its analysis of the interconnected effects of electricity consumption, trade, transportation, and FDI on CO2 emissions. By applying sophisticated econometric methods, it highlights the potential of FDI, particularly green investments, to mitigate environmental damage. This study, focusing on Pakistan, offers insights into how economic growth can be balanced with environmental sustainability.
The Impact of CSR on Tax Avoidance: The Moderating Role of Political Connections
Authors: Almutairi Abdullah Munawir , Abdelazim Samir Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance (TA), with a particular focus on how political connections influence this relationship. The study examines non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX) over the period from 2017 to 2022, encompassing a final sample of 70 firms and 420 firm-year observations. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and fixed-effects regression methods are utilized for statistical analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between CSR activities and a higher degree of TA, suggesting that companies involved in CSR are more likely to engage in TA. Moreover, political connections are shown to have a moderating effect, further strengthening this relationship. To the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first attempts to explore the moderating influence of political connections on the CSR-TA relationship in an emerging market context. By doing so, it extends the debate in the literature regarding the negative role played by political connections in increasing TA in developing markets. Previous studies primarily focused on the direct link between CSR and TA, but this study sheds light on the nuanced interaction between these factors when political ties are considered.
Analysis of Resource Misallocation and Total Factor Productivity Losses in Green Agriculture: A Case Study of the North China Region
Authors: Chen Linfang , Sun Huanyu , Zhou Shenghui , Jiao Shixing , Zhao Xiao , Cheng Jianmei
Published: December 2024

The inefficient allocation of resources in agricultural production not only affects the quality of agricultural development and the efficiency of resource utilization but also represents a pivotal issue that constrains the sustainable progress of agriculture. Considering the urgent societal need for the optimization and advancement of industries, investigating the issue of resource misallocation within agricultural production and its specific losses on AGTFP is profoundly important in advancing the pursuit of high-quality and sustainable agricultural development. This study employs the Cobb–Douglas function and the theory of price distortion to establish a model for quantifying losses in Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity (AGTFP). Drawing on provincial panel data from North China spanning the years 2006 to 2022, we analyze the characteristics of resource allocation and the corresponding losses in AGTFP. The findings suggest that AGTFP in North China has been gradually rising, accompanied by notable regional disparities in both the level of AGTFP and its growth rate. Nevertheless, due to the varying effects of distorted agricultural input factors, there exists different resource misallocation across North China. Despite some improvement in resource misallocation, this improvement has not been significant. Consequently, there is a loss of AGTFP in the North China region. If resource misallocation is effectively addressed, AGTFP losses could be reduced by at least 29%. It is anticipated that over the course of the next decade, AGTFP will rise and resource misallocation and AGTFP losses will diminish slightly, and it is crucial to step up efforts to enhance resource allocation. By ensuring adequate agricultural funding, enhancing agricultural efficiency, and optimizing energy inputs, it is possible to mitigate resource misallocation, thereby effectively diminishing AGTFP losses and fostering the sustainable advancement of agriculture.
3D Concrete Printing in Kuwait: Stakeholder Insights for Sustainable Waste Management Solutions
Authors: Al-Raqeb Hanan , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza
Published: December 2024

Robotic construction using three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing (3DCP) offers significant potential to transform Kuwait’s construction industry, particularly in reducing waste. This study explores the feasibility of integrating 3DCP into Kuwait’s construction waste management practices by examining the perspectives of key stakeholders. Through a mixed method approach of a comprehensive literature review, a survey of 87 industry professionals, and 33 in-depth interviews with representatives from the Public Authority for Housing Welfare (PAHW), Municipality, private sector, and the general public, the study identifies both the benefits and challenges of 3DCP adoption. The findings highlight key advantages of 3DCP, including increased construction efficiency, cost savings, enhanced design flexibility, and reduced material waste. However, several barriers, such as regulatory limitations, technical challenges in adapting 3DCP to local project scales, and cultural resistance, must be addressed. Results also indicate varying levels of stakeholder familiarity with 3DCP and existing waste management practices, underscoring the need for awareness and educational initiatives. This study makes two significant contributions: first, by providing a detailed analysis of the technical and regulatory challenges specific to Kuwait’s construction sector, and second, by offering a strategic roadmap for 3DCP integration, including regulatory reform, research into sustainable materials, and cross-sector collaboration. These recommendations aim to enhance waste management practices by promoting more sustainable and efficient construction methods by achieving SDGs 9, 11, 12, and 13. The study concludes that government support and policy development will be essential in driving the adoption of 3DCP and achieving long-term environmental benefits in Kuwait’s construction industry.