About using an augmented reality helmet when conducting search and rescue
works
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of
            EMERCOM of Russia, Malfi Khalil Alezzi Musaed Naji , Mokshantsev Alexander Vladimirovich ,   Academy of State Fire
            Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Iftodi Leon Alexandrovich ,   Academy of State Fire
            Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Khachirov Alik Vissarionovich ,   Academy of State Fire
            Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Search and rescue operations in naturally occurring smoke pose a
high risk to rescuers. Reduced visibility due to smoke can result in injury, delays in
locating victims, and reduced effectiveness of search and rescue efforts. The article
presents the results of a series of experiments and an analysis of the effectiveness of
the visibility of the developed augmented reality helmet during search and rescue
operations in conditions of natural smoke. Goals and objectives. The study aims to
evaluate the effectiveness of augmented reality helmet visibility during search and
rescue operations in natural smoke conditions to detect temperature source signatures of
victims and the environment. Research objectives: 1. To study the effect of an augmented
reality helmet during search and rescue operations on visibility in conditions of
natural smoke. 2. Develop a mathematical model to predict the effectiveness of the
visibility of an augmented reality helmet during search and rescue operations in
conditions of natural smoke: determine the dependence of the effectiveness of the
visibility of an augmented reality helmet during search and rescue operations on the
temperature of the sources of signatures of victims, the environment and on the density
of natural smoke. 3. Compare the effectiveness of visibility with and without the use of
an augmented reality helmet during search and rescue operations in natural smoke
conditions. Subject of study. The subject of this study is to analyze the effectiveness
of the visibility of the developed augmented reality helmet during search and rescue
operations in conditions of natural smoke. Results and its discussion. The results of a
series of experiments showed an increase in the visibility of the temperature of the
sources of signatures of victims and the environment up to 86,64% based on the use of an
augmented reality helmet during search and rescue operations in conditions of natural
smoke. Methods. The experimental method, correlation and regression analyzes were used.
Conclusions. The study showed that using an augmented reality helmet during search and
rescue operations in natural smoke conditions increases visibility efficiency by up to
86,64%. A mathematical model has been developed for the dependence of the visibility
efficiency of an augmented reality helmet during search and rescue operations on the
temperature of the victims’ signature sources, the environment, and the density of
natural smoke. When the temperature of the victims' signature sources, the
environment, increases by 1 °C, the visibility efficiency increases by 0,0765%. At the
same time, the visibility efficiency of an augmented reality helmet during search and
rescue operations decreases by 0,0738% for every 1 g/m³ of natural smoke density. This
allows the gas and smoke protection service to have situational awareness. The results
highlight the need to take into account the temperature of victims' signature
sources, the environment and the density of natural smoke when using an augmented
reality helmet during search and rescue operations. Keywords: augmented reality helmet;
search and rescue operations; natural smoke; situational awareness; visibility
efficiency; correlation analysis; regression analysis.