bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic estimation of reliability and failure values for monolithic buildings based on the results of certification
Authors: Lapin Vladimir , Aldakhov Yerkin , Aldakhov Serik , Ali Alimzhan
Published: October 2021

In 2017-2018, the total certification of the housing stock of multi-apartment buildings in Almaty was carried out for the first time. According to the results of certification, a total of 8,171 buildings were entered into the database, of which 1,425 are multi-storey monolithic buildings of various storeys and structural types. It was also revealed that 1305 monolithic buildings are earthquake-resistant, 27 – non-earthquake-resistant and 93 are located in the zone of tectonic faults on the territory of the city. Therefore, it is useful to accept the pessimistic hypothesis that buildings located in the zone of tectonic faults will be destroyed. Under these conditions, quantitative estimates of the failure probability and reliability values for monolithic buildings were obtained for the first time. The high earthquake resistance of monolithic buildings has been confirmed. It is established that when taking into account the influence of tectonic faults, the probability of failure of a monolithic building increases by more than 4 times. The frequency of earthquakes is taken into account according to the current "Map of seismic zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Methods of strengthening monolithic buildings should be individual and determined by the results of experimental studies.
Clarification of the coefficient of responsibility K0 when calculating earthquake resistance for individual structural elements (columns) of multi-storey monolithic reinforced concrete frame buildings (in the order of discussion)
Authors: Trekin Nikolay , Kodysh Emil , Shchedrin Oleg
Published: October 2021

The analysis of the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in terms of the requirements for accounting for the responsibility of buildings and structures when calculating for seismic impacts is given. For discussion, an approach is proposed to the differentiated assignment of the responsibility coefficient K0 for individual structural elements (columns) of a multi-storey monolithic reinforced concrete frame building when determining calculated seismic loads. Based on the results of calculations for an emergency settlement situation associated with the expected initial local destruction of the column, taking into account its different location in the plan and height for the columns, the values of the coefficients of significance of the location in the plan and the location in height are determined, taking into account the analysis of the calculated volumes of destruction, and are further used to clarify the values of the coefficients of responsibility K0.
Partnering with Parteras: Multi- Collaborator International Service-Learning Project Impacts on Traditional Birth Attendants in Mexico
Authors: Friedman M. Alexandra , Gossett Dana R. , Saucedo Isabella , Weiner Shayna , Young Mimi W. , Penco Nick , Evert Jessica
Published: October 2021

Medical students are increasingly seeking global health service-learning opportunities; however, the impact of these interventions is often not assessed. In this article, the authors describe a model for global health service-learning programs as well as a pilot tool for assessing program impacts on populations traditionally difficult to evaluate. Specifically, a group of medical students from the United States, in collaboration with local health officials and a global NGO, successfully implemented a training program for parteras, or traditional birth attendants, in Mexico. The training included educational objectives from the Ministry of Health. A pilot assessment tool was developed which included oral pretest and posttest self-reported knowledge and task-specific ability in 12 program-specific categories. The assessment was administered in an effort to determine educational impact: parteras, who were receptive to students as teachers, reported increased knowledge and skill in all topics except nutrition and postpartum care. The results of the assessment suggest that undergraduate medical students, when collaborating with a facilitating organization, community-based healthcare workers, and local ministries of health, can improve lay birth attendants’ confidence in basic obstetric knowledge and skills through global service-learning. Moreover, creative assessments are required to understand impacts on difficult to access populations.
APRENDIZAJE Y SERVICIO COMO PROMOTOR DEL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA DE RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EN UNA FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA Y NEGOCIOS
Authors: Hasbún B. , Miño C. , Cárdenas C. , Cisternas O. , Fara C. , García F.
Published: October 2021

El enfoque metodológico de Aprendizaje-Servicio ha sido utilizado desde el año 2009 por la Facultad de Economía y Negocios de la Universidad de Chile, para propiciar, por una parte, la vinculación de la formación profesional de sus estudiantes con problemáticas y desafíos reales del entorno, y por otra parte, el desarrollo de la competencia de Responsabilidad Social. El artículo tiene como finalidad presentar los resultados comparativos entre la percepción inicial y final de los estudiantes, que participan en cursos con enfoque de Aprendizaje-Servicio, respecto a su desempeño esperado y real de la competencia. Entre los principales resultados destaca que, los ítems del instrumento asociados a la recolección de información con socios comunitarios y la estimación de impactos económicos a pesar de mostrar una leve disminución esta no es estadísticamente significativa, el resto de los ítems presenta una leve disminución. Lo anterior, puede explicarse debido a que ciertos desempeños son mayormente abordados en el plan de formación, ratificando la necesidad de seguir fortaleciendo la institucionalización de la metodología, así como buscar nuevas formas y estrategias metodológicas para el desarrollo de la competencia de Responsabilidad Social en la formación de profesionales.
Service-Learning as a Means to Promote Development of Social Responsibility Competency in a Department of Economics and Business
Authors: Hasbún Beatriz , Miño Camila , Cárdenas Catalina , Cisternas Orielle , Fara Camila , Garcia Francisco
Published: October 2021

The methodological approach of service-learning has been used since 2009 by the Department of Economics and Business at the University of Chile to promote, on the one hand, vocational training for students facing problematic and real environmental challenges, and, on the other hand, to develop students’ social responsibility competence. This article compares the results of an initial survey (pretest) and final survey (posttest) of students participating in courses containing service-learning regarding their perceptions of their expected and actual achievement of social responsibility-related competencies. Items associated with information collected from community partners, and the estimation of economic impacts, despite showing a slight decrease, showed no statistical significance. The remaining items of the instrument revealed a slight decrease. Service-learning practices aligned with those embedded in the department’s curricular vocational training plan, confirming the need to further strengthen the institutionalization of service-learning and to seek new methodological strategies to develop social responsibility competencies within programs focused on training professionals.
Pre-college Factors Influencing College Students’ Civic Attitudes: The Importance of Familial and Community Service Experiences
Authors: Moely Barbara E. , Ilustre Vincent
Published: October 2021

Entering university students (N = 178) were surveyed in the fall of 2013 to learn about their attitudes toward college and civic engagement. As with students beginning study at the same university five to seven years earlier, participants felt positive about the institution’s public service graduation requirement and indicated plans to engage in substantial service during college. Their civic attitudes were as or slightly more positive than those of students surveyed earlier, but they were less positive in their self-reported knowledge of the community. Students’ reports of family orientation toward community service predicted their views of the graduation requirement, as well as their civic attitudes (i.e., civic responsibility, value placed on community service, and social justice). Replicating earlier research, students’ pre-college community service, especially their reported enjoyment of service activities, predicted attitudes toward the graduation requirement and civic attitudes. A mediation model showed that the effects of family orientation on civic attitudes were partially mediated by students’ involvement in service during secondary school years. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for K-12 and college programming.
Service-Learning and Undergraduates: Exploring Connections between Ambiguity Tolerance, Empathy, and Motivation in an Overseas Service Trip
Authors: Stanlick Sarah E. , Hammond Thomas C.
Published: October 2021

As service-learning becomes more common in undergraduate education, further research is needed around assessing student learning outcomes and character development. One component of high-quality service-learning is written reflection, which has the potential to capture a wealth of data on learner characteristics. This study evaluated learners’ behavior and motivation to participate in service trips, the development of personality characteristics, and the revelation of those characteristics in reflection using Winne and Hadwin’s 1998 model of the self-regulated learner as it relates to the service-learning context. Researchers analyzed connections between learner experiences and changes in their ambiguity tolerance, empathy, and motivation via pre- and posttest surveys and reflection data. Relationships were identified between motivation and satisfaction, as well as frequency of reflection and personal change. The author offers a profile of an “optimal” overseas service-learner for consideration.
Exploring Service-Learning Outcomes and Experiences for Low-Income, First-Generation College Students: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: York Travis T.
Published: October 2021

This study explored the service-learning experiences of low-income, first-generation college students using a mixed-methods design that drew upon a national longitudinal dataset and in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted over the course of a year and a half at three institutions in three states. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the outcomes related to service-learning participation for low-income, first-generation college students. Findings indicated that participation in service-learning courses was significantly positively related to the development of several academic and affective outcomes related to increased academic success. The presence of divergent findings from the two data streams also indicated particular complexity in measuring development for low-income and first-generation students—a complexity not found in the overall student population. The author discusses specific implications of this study for practitioners, college and university administrators, researchers, and policy makers.
Highlights from IARSLCE’s Annual and Regional Conferences
Authors: Furco Andrew , Kent Kateryna
Published: October 2021

As an international association, IARSLCE continues to find ways to broaden and deepen its membership and networks across the globe. Last year, in collaboration with other international groups, IARSLCE launched a set of regional conferences to convene researchers and practitioners from different parts of the world to further their service-learning and community engagement research agendas. In this section of the journal, we highlight four papers presented at two regional conferences, one in South America and one in Europe.
Agile Multicriteria Decision Analysis considering Interaction
Authors: Santanna Annibal Parracho
Published: October 2021

An agile system of multiple criteria decision analysis is proposed here. Its main component avoids the collection of field direct information about the importance of the criteria and of the interaction between criteria. This is replaced by a derivation of Choquet capacities to the sets of criteria from the preferences they assign to the alternatives evaluated. This indirect derivation is made possible by a rule to assess importance and interaction based on a principle of preference concentration. The agile applicability of the system is enhanced by the admission of the sampling of initial assessments by pairwise trichotomic comparisons. This possibility reduces the need to precisely measure distances and the care about transitivity. Finally, an ordering of the decision rules based on the facility of explanation of their results provides agility for the final step of the decision. An example of application of the system is given by the study of a case of supplier evaluation.
Solitary Wave Solutions with Compact Support for The Nonlinear Dispersive K(m,n) Equations by Using Approximate Analytical Method
Authors: Che Haziqah Che Hussin  , Amirah Azmi  , Adem Kilicman
Published: October 2021

The study of solitons and compactons is important in nonlinear physics. In this paper we combined the Adomian polynomials with the multi-step approach to present a new technique called Multi-step Modified Reduced Differential Transform Method (MMRDTM). The proposed technique has the advantage of producing an analytical approximation in a fast converging sequence with a reduced number of calculated terms. The MMRDTM is presented with some modification of the Reduced Differential Transformation Method (RDTM) with multi-step approach and its nonlinear term is replaced by the Adomian polynomials. Therefore, the nonlinear initial value problem can easily be solved with less computational effort. Besides that, the multi-step approach produces a solution in fast converging series that converges the solution in a wide time area. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the capability and benefits of the proposed method for approximating the solution of NKdVEs with compactons. Graphical inputs are used to represent the solution and to demonstrate the precision and validity of the MMRDTM in graphic illustration. From the results, it was found that it is possible to obtain highly accurate results or exact solutions by using the MMRDTM.
Influence of Environment-Friendly Fuel Additives and Fuel Injection Pressure on Soot Nanoparticles Characteristics and Engine Performance, and NOX Emissions in CI Diesel Engine
Authors: Mohammed A. Fayad  , Amera A. Radhi  , Salman Hussien Omran  , Farag Mahel Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Next generation of fuels and injection technology system are growing attention in the transportation sector. The effects of castor oil of biodiesel (C30D) and two conditions (500 bar and 1000 bar) of fuel injection pressure (FIP) on soot nanoparticles characteristics and NOX emissions were performed in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The results showed that size distributions of soot particulate decreased from C30D combustion by 43.62% compared to the diesel combustion for different FIP. Furthermore, the soot particle number concentration decreased more with 1000 bar of FIP compared with 500 bar for both fuels tests. The combustion of C30D decreased the average number of primary particles (npo) by 44.35% compared with diesel. For an injection pressure, it was observed that high injection pressure (1000 bar) significantly decreased the npo by 11.6 nm and 25.4 nm compared to the 500 bar by 22.4 nm and 33.2 from C30D and diesel, respectively. In addition, the average diameter of soot primary particle (dpo) was smaller by 47.68% during C30D combustion than to the diesel combustion for all conditions of injection pressure. In case of engine performance, the BTE, BSFC increased from the C30D combustion compared with diesel under different FIP. It is indicated that increasing injection pressure improved the engine performance for C30D and diesel. In contrast, the high injection pressure and C30D increased the NOX emissions by 21.37% compared with diesel fuel.
Effect Of Design Parameters of Serpentine-Shaped Flat Plate Solar Collector Under Malaysia Climate Conditions
Authors: Mohd. Amirul Hilmi Mohd Hanoin  , Nor Amirah Safiah Muhamad  , Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar  , Amir Abdul Razak  , Muhamad Sukri Hadi
Published: October 2021

Solar thermal energy plays a vital role in the industrial sector, especially for water heating applications. Further research to improve the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors by focusing on collector design modification is imperative. This research aimed to carry out an experimental investigation on comparative designs and fabrication approaches that deal with the analysis of flat plate solar collector thermal performance, thermal efficiency, the effect of various mass flow rates, and pressure drop analyses. In this paper, a different design modification of pipe collector with serpentine-shaped was established with different tube diameters (3/4-inch and 3/8-inch), and different pipe spacing (18.5 cm and 27.0 cm). Under the same heat radiation intensity and constant mass flow rate, a pipe collector with a tube diameter of 3/4-inch achieved 3.5% and 9.4% higher thermal performance and collector efficiency respectively compared to the tube diameter of 3/8-inch. Furthermore, the pipe collector with pipe spacing of 18.5 cm exhibited 4.3% and 12.6% higher thermal performance and collector efficiency respectively compared to pipe spacing of 27 cm. The relationship between collector efficiency and temperature difference was also investigated. Moreover, the effect of different mass flow rates was studied upon and it was found that a flow rate of 0.03 kg/s exhibited optimum thermal performance for the pipe collector. Additionally, a pressure drop was observed with the increase in flow rate, while decreases when the fluid temperature increases.
Effect of Variable Implant Tip Distances on Stress Distribution around the Mental Foramen: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al Qahtani Waleed M. S.
Published: October 2021

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gap between traditional implant tip and mental nerve using finite element analysis.

METHODS: Four finite element models (FEM) were prepared for dummy crowns that were supported by traditional implants that were placed vertically in laser scanned mandibular bone geometry. Where gap distance were designed to be 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm. Dummy crown, 50 μm cement layer, and implant complex models’ components were modeled in 3D on engineering computer-aided design (CAD)/CAD (computer-aided manufacturer) software formerly collected in Finite Element Analysis package. Each model was subjected to two loading cases as 150N compressive load at central fossa, and 50N Oblique (45º) load at central fossa of the dummy crown.

RESULTS: Good agreement of the FEM was obtained when compared to similar studies. Under applied study loads, all resulting values of stresses and deformations of the four models were within physiological limits. The obtained data showed no effect on cortical bone, implant complex, cement layer, and dummy crown to changing of gap distance. In addition, the cancellous bone, especially around the mental canal, was considerably affected by the variation in that gap distance.

CONCLUSION: Increasing the gap distance between the dental implant tips may reduce the stress and deformation around the mental canal. Minimum gap distance of order 2.5 mm is recommended to reduce stresses and deformations around canal to favorable limits, while more gap distance is also recommended with larger bone geometries.
L’Italie, première frappée, première à faire face en Europe
Authors: Vigouroux Philippe
Published: October 2021

Première frappée en Europe, l’Italie a dû, la première, trouver les solutions pour faire face à l’épidémie. L’observation des mesures prises, de leur efficacité et des réactions de la population a pu être source d’enseignements pour les pays voisins, et particulièrement pour la France qui suivait l’Italie de sept à douze jours durant la première vague. Exercée à faire face aux catastrophes de la nature – tremblements de terre, éruptions, inondations, etc. –, l’Italie était en revanche moins préparée à une épidémie d’ampleur, rappelant celles qui l’avaient ravagée entre le xiv e et le xviii e  siècle. Face à un même péril, la diversité des réponses et de leur mise en place par les régions, auxquelles la Constitution attribue une compétence forte en santé, est particulièrement instructive pour la santé publique. Et elle fait s’interroger sur la nécessité d’une recentralisation en matière sanitaire dans de telles circonstances. Enfin, l’Italie a appelé à une prise de conscience de l’Union européenne (UE) qui a finalement abouti à des mesures européennes de solidarité. Et, par la question soulevée de l’indépendance stratégique de l’Europe pour la fourniture de médicaments et dispositifs essentiels à la lutte contre la pandémie, l’Italie a contribué à affirmer la nécessité d’une Union européenne de la santé.
Detection of Two Pathogenesis Previously Unreported Myosin XVa Pathogenic Variants in Two Large Iranian Pedigrees with Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss
Authors: Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh , Ashrafi Korosh , Mobini Gholam Reza , Yazdanpanahi Nasrin , Shirzad Maryam , Farrokhi Effat , Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori Morteza
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Hearing loss (HL) is a genetically heterogeneous common neurosensory disorder. Among different ethnic groups, pathogenic variants of Myosin XVa (MYO15A) at the DFNB3 locus are the common causes of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the type of MYO15A pathogenic variants in a subset of Iranian pedigrees with ARNSHL.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-eight Iranian pedigrees with no Gap junction beta-2 pathogenic variants were included in the study. For all pedigrees, linkage analysis was performed using five short tandem repeat markers of DFNB3 locus. The DNA sequencing was then applied to identify MYO15A pathogenic variants in linked pedigrees.

Results:

Altogether, two out of 38 (5.3%) pedigrees were linked to locus 3. After sequencing, five previously unreported MYO15A pathogenic variants (c.1775-1776insA, c.1766-1767insC, c.7694delA, c.611G > C (G204A), and c.6442T > A (W2148R)) were revealed in homozygous and heterozygous state in the two pedigrees studied. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of pathogenic variants was confirmated by Insilco and cosegregation analysis in this study.

Conclusions:

Our findings support a relatively high prevalence and specificity of MYO15A pathogenic variant among Iranian ARNSHL patients. Molecular study of MYO15A may lead to elucidation of the population-specific pathogenic variant profile, which is of importance in molecular diagnostics of HL.
Long-term trends in gamma radiation monitoring at the multi-facility nuclear site, Kalpakkam, South-India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Deepu , Boopathy M. , Gopalakrishnan V. , Rakesh P. T. , Chandrasekaran S. , Srinivas C. V. , Venkatesan R. , Venkatraman B.
Published: October 2021

In this work, the analysis of the long-term environmental radiation monitoring data collected within the Department of Atomic Energy site, Kalpakkam using gamma monitors such as GammaTRACERS (GTs) from 2013 to 2018 and Autonomous Gamma Dose Loggers (AGDLs) located in the site boundary at distances from 1.25 to 2.5 km from 2016 to 2018 are presented with respect to dose variation in different locations/wind sectors/seasons. The average background dose rates are in the range of 140–220 nGy/h except at a location (GT2) where a dose rate of 400 ± 20 nGy/h is found. It is observed that the detectors generally measure the normal background doses and at times slightly higher doses (above background) due to exposure to 41Ar plume during normal operations from Madras Atomic Power Stations. The monitors were categorized into four groups: Group 1 to Group 4. Dose rates higher than normal were observed in Group 1 detectors during winter and North-east monsoon seasons and in Group 3 and Group 4 detectors during summer and South-west monsoon seasons and during January to March months in Group 2 detectors. The gamma dose rates during 41Ar plume transit vary in the range of 600–900 nGy/h. The cumulative annual effective doses at the site boundary, analyzed from 2016 to 2018, due to normal operational releases varied from 11 μSv to 114 μSv in different sectors which is significantly lower compared to annual dose limit (1000 μSv) for public.
One year of 222Rn concentration at a typical rural site in South India
Authors: Kumar K. Charan , Kamsali Nagaraja
Published: October 2021

The simultaneous measurements of atmospheric radon, ambient gamma radiations dose, and relevant meteorological parameters were carried out at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki, India (13.459° N, 79.175° E) during June 2013–May 2014 are analyzed and presented. The results show that radon strongly correlates with temperature, relative humidity, and a weak correlation with air pressure, ambient gamma dose during fair weather days. Radon's well-defined monthly variability is observed, with the highest during winter and lowest during monsoon season. The fast Fourier transform analysis revealed a hidden memory in variations in radon activity with prominent peaks at 24 h and 12 h, indicating the influence of atmospheric stability on the abundance of radon in air. About 99% of radon activity lies below 70 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 11.81 ± 4.83 Bq/m3, and about 99% ambient gamma dose levels range from 140 to 240 nSv/h at NARL with a mean value of 192.17 ± 17.43 nSv/h. The ambient gamma dose levels are well within limits prescribed by the UNSCEAR.
Dosimetric evaluation of analytic anisotropic algorithm and Acuros XB algorithm using in-house developed heterogeneous thorax phantom and homogeneous slab phantom for stereotactic body radiation therapy technique
Authors: Dubey Swati , Bagdare Priyusha , Ghosh Sanjay
Published: October 2021

To perform patient-specific quality assurance (QA), the accuracy of the dose calculation algorithm is vital, especially in the lung cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The present study is based on the evaluation of two widely used algorithms, analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) inside the in-house developed heterogeneous thorax phantom (HTP) and a homogeneous slab phantom (HSP) simultaneously. To evaluate dosimetric differences between the two algorithms, point dose measurement was performed for pretreatment QA plans of 35 lung cancer patients by keeping the same monitor units and beam angles as those for the actual patient treatment. The dose was calculated on the Eclipse treatment planning system inside both the medium by using both AAA and AXB algorithms. Plans were delivered on the Edge linear accelerator (LA) (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and measurements were taken by using a 0.01 cc ion chamber and DOSE1 electrometer. Statistical analysis was performed on the observed data set, and percentage (%) variations between the measured and planned doses were calculated and analyzed. The mean % variations between the measured and planned doses inside HTP for all QA plans were found to be 2.61 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.66) and 2.19 (SD: 0.64) for AAA and AXB algorithms, respectively. Whereas, inside HSP, it was found to be 1.79 (SD: 0.74) and 1.64 (SD: 0.70) for AAA and AXB algorithms, respectively. The mean % difference between the measured dose and the planned dose was derived to be statistically significant for HTP, however, it was found to be statistically insignificant inside the HSP at P < 0.01. The Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed a strong positive correlation between the measured dose and the planned dose for both AAA and AXB inside HTP as well for HSP. The results obtained from this study showed that as the actual patient body is heterogeneous, thus to get more realistic results, patient-specific QA must be performed inside the heterogeneous phantom instead of homogeneous. Moreover, in the homogeneous medium, both the algorithms predict the dose efficiently, however, in heterogeneous medium, AAA over/under predicts the dose, whereas AXB shows good concurrence with measurements.
Iniciação à docência em tempos de pandemia: uma imersão nas redes sociais para o Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Guimarães Lucas , Oliveira Ivanete da Rosa Silva de , Pereira Ana Paula Cunha , Schuwarte Gabriella Teixeira , Candido Henrique
Published: October 2021

Dentre as Políticas Públicas Educacionais, o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) é uma das que mais se destaca com práticas exitosas desenvolvidas na escola pública, sendo considerado por muitos graduandos como um processo disruptivo quando se trata da construção da identidade docente. Contudo, a pandemia da COVID-19 modificou a rotina escolar profundamente e demonstrou limites que atingiram todas as instâncias, inclusive o PIBID. Esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo relatar os caminhos percorridos por um grupo de licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas para desenvolver ações do PIBID voltadas para estudantes de escolas públicas durante o período pandêmico. As redes sociais, bem como os recursos tecnológicos, foram muito necessárias para fortalecer as relações sociais impactadas pelo isolamento, como também, se tornaram veículos de disseminação de fakes-news, provocando discussões e debates de pesquisadores acerca de sua efetividade na aprendizagem. Essas implicações levaram os pibidianos de Biologia a criar uma conta de Instagram, para aliar o processo ensino-aprendizagem com a distância do Ensino Remoto em tempos de pandemia. Foram produzidos conteúdos para essa rede social visando a Alfabetização Científica de estudantes da Educação Básica de Escolas Públicas e do público em geral.
REDE DE INOVAÇÃO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL: Um
Instrumento Para O Fortalecimento Do Arranjo Produtivo Local Da
Caprinovinocultura De Pernambuco
Authors: Pimentel Neto José Geraldo , Lira Márcia Maria Pereira , Silva Marcos Aurélio Dornelas da , Albuquerque Felipe José Alves de , Silveira Keilha Correia da , Marques João Carlos Souza
Published: October 2021

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na ASSOCIAÇÃO INSTITUTO DE
TECNOLOGIA DE PERNAMBUCO - ITEP/OS desenvolvido por parte da equipe, na
época, na Superintendência de Inovação tendo como título do projeto “Rede de Inovação
para o desenvolvimento regional: um instrumento para fortalecimento do arranjo
produtivo local de caprinovinocultura em Pernambuco”. Sendo identificado no Processo
574391/2008-8 do Edital nº 39/2008 - Tema 2: Fomento a Projetos Específicos para
Apoio a APLs, sob coordenação pesquisadora Márcia Maria Pereira Lira e vigência
correspondente ao período 2009 até a finalização da pesquisa com o respectivo relatório
no ano de 2011.
Por este motivo o respectivo livro tem os nomes dos pesquisadores participantes
do estudo que são: José Geraldo Pimentel Neto, Márcia Maria Pereira Lira, Marcos
Aurélio Dornelas da Silva e Felipe José Alves de Albuquerque. Além disso, por ser uma
publicação atual contendo procedimento metodológicos revisados e novos parâmetros
analíticos, tanto teórico quanto prático participaram desta nova produção a pesquisadora
Keilha Correia da Silveira da UEMASUL - Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina
do Maranhão, o mesmo pesquisador José Geraldo Pimentel Neto, atualmente professor
substituto da UEMASUL - Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão e
João Carlos Souza Marques da Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e Orçamento do
Maranhão - SEPLAN-MA. Tal trabalho está associada as pesquisas sobre geografia da
inovação, economia do conhecimento e práticas do planejamento e desenvolvimento
regional tendo a publicação relacionada a editora de Universidade Federal do Maranhão
– UFMA e produzida pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Economia Regional Aplicada (ERA)
registrado no CNPq.
Proximate composition and functional properties of different grain flour composites for industrial applications
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Chinaza
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The study focused on evaluating proximate compositions and functional properties of different flour blends.

Methodology: Three representative flour samples were produced from each mixture of maize-millet, soybean-wheat, and rice-wheat in the ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 percent for all combinations. The proximate composition and functional properties of flour blends were determined using the methods of AOAC.

Findings: There was significant difference in the proximate compositions of the flours (p =0.05). The moisture content of the blends was highest at 5.41% for maize-millet blend ratio of 70:30% and lowest at 1.8% for soybean-wheat blend ratio of 30:70%. The crude protein content of the grain flour samples ranged from 16.32% to 44.10%. Soybean-wheat flour blend had the highest fat content of 7.34% for 70:30% and maize-millet blend had the least fat content of 1.30 for 50:50%. Maize-millet flour blend had the highest ash content of 4.02% for 30:70% and lowest for rice-wheat with 0.35% for 50:50%. The percent carbohydrate content of the flours ranged from 42.60% to 65.01%. The percent crude fibre content of the flours ranged from 2.13% to 10.01%. Soya bean-wheat flour blend had the highest average crude fibre content. There was significant difference in the functional properties of the flour blends (p =0.05). The oil absorption capacity (OAC) of the flours ranged from 1.00 to 2.25 ml/g. The rice-wheat flour blend had the highest water absorption capacity (WAC) of 2.60 ml/g for 30:70% blend ratio, while the lowest WAC was 0.50 ml/g for soybean-wheat blend. The foaming capacity (FC) of the flour blends ranged from 10.83 to 15.40%, while the emulsion capacity ranged from 35.05% to 50.95%. The swelling index ranged from 1.13% to 1.98%. The high emulsion capacity of soybean-wheat flour blend suggested that it was more digestible and therefore could be suitable for use as ingredient in infant food formulations.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The high swelling index indicates that rice-wheat flour blend could be more suitable in food systems where swelling is required. The high emulsion capacity of soybean-wheat flour blend suggested that it was more digestible and therefore could be suitable for use as ingredient in infant food formulations.
Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) and their Associated Deficiency Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Godswill , Somtochukwu Igwe Victory , Ikechukwu Amagwula O , Kate Echeta Chinelo
Published: October 2021

The research focused on the benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases and health complications. Micronutrients are essential elements required by human and other organisms in varying quantities throughout life to coordinate a range of physiological functions for health maintenance. For human nutrition, micronutrients are required in amounts generally below 100 milligrams per day, while macronutrients are required in gram amounts daily. Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in humans, either at all or may be in insufficient amounts, and therefore must be obtained by the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C) and 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K). Vitamins A and D can amass in the body, which may result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Anti-vitamins inhibit the actions or absorption of vitamins; avidin inhibits biotin absorption, although it is deactivated by cooking; Pyrithiamine inhibits enzymes that use vitamin B1. The four key structural elements in human body (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) by weight, are often not included in the lists of major nutrient minerals (nitrogen is a "mineral" for plants, as it is often included in fertilizers). These four key elements compose around 96% of the weight of human body, and the major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (trace elements) compose the remaining percent. The five major minerals in the the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium (macrominerals or macroelements). The trace elements with specific biochemical function in human body are iodine, sulfur, zinc, iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium. Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 g of body weight (about 1.5% of body weight) of an adult, with 99% of it contained in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus occurs in amounts of around 2/3 of calcium, and makes up approximately 1% of an individual's body weight. The other macroelements (potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur) make up only around 0.85% of the body weight
EFFECTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT ON ACCESS AND PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Wangare Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Lowering the risk of dropout requires a broad set of policies aimed at reducing underlying vulnerabilities, including poverty-related factors and problems linked to education quality. Increasing the income of poor families through cash transfers can help enhance education prospects. The general objective of the study was to evaluate effects of ethnic conflict on access and participation of children in primary education.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that ethnic conflicts are caused by competition over scarce and shrinking resources, favoritism, discrimination; tribal animosity, historical land injustices, voting along ethnic lines, during general elections, politics of exclusion, and biased resource allocation among communities. The causes of ethnic conflicts disrupted education activities and programs; impoverished communities, caused school dropout by children, closure of schools, absenteeism and poor enrolments and attendance levels in schools

Recommendations: There is need for trauma counselling to be offered to victims of the post-election violence. The relevant governments needs to seriously address the problem of land and put policies in place for citizens regarding owning land and property anywhere to avoid recurrence of ethnic violence in various parts of the country. On the effects of ethnic conflict on access and participation of children in primary education the researcher recommended that the relevant stakeholders should seriously address the issues related with distribution of resources, marginalization, favoritism and discrimination
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND KENYA
Authors: Githii John
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Kenya’s foreign policy has largely rested with the presidency as has been shown by the analysis of the Uhuru Kenyatta Regimes. The general objective of the study was to examine diplomatic relations between Britain and Kenya.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that Kenya and Britain established diplomatic relations in pursuit of their respective interests in line with the Realist tradition. The diplomatic relations led to the two countries signing treaties and conventions as provided for in Article 2(6) of the constitution. Both countries keep defining and redefining their national interest. Public officers have benefited from training in Britain including doctors who have acquired specialized medical training and skills that have benefited Kenya. Military relations between these two countries have played a role in determining economic, trade, diplomatic and political relations. It was also revealed that Britain has maintained its economic interests since the colonial period to date.

Recommendations: The study recommends that there is need for Kenya to strengthen its relations with Britain especially in the areas of economic development as Britain is one of the key investors and trading partners of Kenya. This would be achieved by the country’s Foreign Ministry negotiating deals that will benefit the country. Kenya should also ensure that the British military base in Laikipia trains Kenyan soldiers on the military tactics applied by Britain to ensure they improve the security within the Country and across the borders. This would ensure they minimize the terrorist threats that the country faces. The political relations should be used as a bench mark to ensure that Kenya has the best governance structure that will promote ethical leadership, eliminate corruption and compel the leaders to be accountable to the citizenry. This will ensure that resources are channeled and used in the right sectors for development.
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF MARRIAGE DOWRY NEGOTIATIONS IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES AFRICA
Authors: Kimani James
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Kenya’s foreign policy has largely rested with the presidency as has been shown by the analysis of the Uhuru Kenyatta Regimes. The general objective of the study was to examine pragmatic analysis of marriage dowry negotiations in local communities Africa.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that for good negotiations to take place, interpersonal relationship has to be realized and this was done by using relevant lexical items. The lexical items that showed interpersonal relationships created a good environment for the negotiators to speak their minds. Some lexical items which are used in marriage negotiations are also in daily usage but their meanings differed according to the context of use. Several lexical items were used in marriage negotiations but five lexical items were used both in the marriage negotiations and also appeared in everyday usage but their meanings varied. The lexical items were analysed using Lexical Narrowing. Lexical Narrowing increases implications and the hearer is entitled to narrow the interpretation that satisfies his expectation.

Recommendations: The study found that marriage negotiations involved the use of sayings and proverbs especially from the bridal side. The study, therefore, recommends that further research can be done in those areas and also on the symbols that every form of dowry entail in Africa local communities and other communities abroad
Pull Motivation Factors Influencing Tourists’ Destination Loyalty in the Lake Victoria Region Tourism Circuit, Kenya
Authors: Nguthi ST , Kambona Oscar , Wadongo Billy
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pull motivation factors influencing tourists’ destination loyalty in the Lake Victoria Region Tourism Circuit, Kenya.

Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research approach based on a cross-sectional survey design to collect and analyse quantitative data. This study proposed destination loyalty the most appropriate indicator of destination competitiveness. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative primary data to help understand tourist pull motivation factors and destination loyalty. The instrument was pre-tested using 20 tourists who were not included in the final study. The study population consisted of 461 tourists drawn from the circuits’ 26 classified hotels, based on the region’s 35% average occupancy rate. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to get 299 tourists whereby proportionate sampling followed by simple random sampling was used to identify hotels while convenience sampling helped obtain actual respondents.

Findings: Tourists’ pull motivation factors were identified as; destination core resources, destination support resources, qualifying and amplifying resources and destination management factors.

Recommendations: Based on the findings, the researcher suggests that destination managers should: constantly avail information linked to tourism to any intending traveler; ensure high quality hotel services; pay close attention to the safety and security of tourists in the destination, and; pay close attention to the accessibility of the destination for all intending clients respectively. Moreover, findings of this study offer guidelines to destination managers in the Lake Victoria Region Tourism Circuit Kenya, in monitoring and enhancing the destinations competitiveness based on destination loyalty.
COST OF SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN KENYA
Authors: Mosiara Shevvlyn
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Cost of services is a consideration to any shopper and this includes tourists too; very high prices reduce chances of repeat visits diminishing income for the park.. The general objective of the study was to evaluate cost of services and performance of the tourism industry

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study found out that Majority (78%) of the respondents disagreed that the charges in the park were very high. Majority (59%) also disagreed that the types of services offered were reasonable. Majority (60%) of the visiting tourists indicated that the prices of services at Mount Kenya National Park were reasonable or fair. It was found that a negative correlation between cost of services and performance of the tourism industry. This means that higher prices resulted in a drop in performance. The tourists indicated that the prices were fair suggesting that a reduction in prices would be welcome. This was evident in the finding that tourists were unable to utilize all services offered at the park. The findings therefore show that cost of services was an important determinant of performance of the tourism industry.

Recommendations: There is need for future studies to involve more parks to get a deeper understanding of the determinants of their performance. Local tourists were not involved in the current study. Future studies should therefore incorporate this important group of tourists who contribute to the performance of tourism in the country. Observation method which is free of bias should be used to assess the cost and quality of services provided to tourists in future studies