bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA & IQ: Big deal or much ado about nothing? - A Meta-analysis
Authors: Oxley Florence A R , von Stumm Sophie , Wilding Kirsty
Published: September 2024

Intelligence is polygenic, highly heritable, and predicts wide-ranging life outcomes. Here, we meta-analysed the predictive validity of polygenic scores for intelligence based on the largest available genome-wide association study (or GWAS; Savage et al., 2018) for tested, phenotypic intelligence to date. Across 32 estimates from 9 independent samples, which all came from WEIRD countries and were of European ancestry (Ntotal=452,864), our meta-analytic estimate for the association between polygenic and phenotypic intelligence was ρ=.245 (p<.001, 95% CI=.184 – .307), an effect of medium size. The meta-analytic estimate varied across samples, studies, and phenotypic measures of intelligence, and even after accounting for these moderators, polygenic score predictions remained significantly heterogenous. Our findings support claims that polygenic predictions of intelligence benefit and advance research but their utility in other contexts is yet to be demonstrated.
Representasi Kecurangan Pemilu 2024 Dalam Film Dokumenter “Dirty Vote”
Authors: Ariska Yogi , Irhamdhika Gema
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu analis semiotik Charles Sanders Pierce. Metode semiotik, yaitu metode analitis untuk menilai signifikasi. Peneliti menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme. Data diperoleh melalui pemilihan adegan di film "Dirty Vote" dimana ada unsur-unsur yang berkaitan dengan kecurangan pra pemilu dan bukti intervensi kekuasaan terhadap pemilu 2024 terkhusus pemilu presiden. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa  film ini secara gamblang menekankan bahwa intervensi pemerintah pada pemilu kali ini sangat diperlihatkan secara vulgar ke masyarakat, dimulai dari kejanggalan putusan mahkamah konstitusi, pejabat daerah yang tidak netral, aparatur negara yang ikut-ikutan bersikap tidak netral, serta pada level menteri sekalipun diduga menggunakan fasilitas negara untuk ikut kampanye mendukung salah satu pasangan calon, dan pada level badan penyelenggaraan pemilu pun juga tidak luput dari berbagai pelanggaran yang terjadi pada proses pra pemilu.
Examination of an Agitation Apparatus used for Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients as a Function of Flow and Surface Temperature
Authors: MacKenzie D. Scott , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: September 2024

Quenching in a fluid is a complex process. There are several different heat transfer mechanisms that may be occurring at the same time, with the heat transfer coefficients changes as a function of position (x, y, z) and surface temperature on the same part. This is further complicated by having multiple different parts in the same load. Agitation, racking of the parts and the quench tank design all play a role in the resultant properties and distortion of a given part. Further complicating this problem, is that there are multiple methods to measure quenching performance.

In this paper, we will be describing an agitation apparatus used at Quaker Houghton for determining heat transfer coefficients as a function of agitation and surface temperature. The probe used is the ISO 9950 (ASTM D6200) Inconel probe, and the heat transfer coefficients are determined by an inverse method provided by the SmartQuench Integra software by RISE/ivf. The apparatus is examined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the calculated flow is compared to the measured fluid flow.
Characterization of Martensitic-Bainitic Mixed Microstructures Created by Inductive Short Time Austempering of AISI 4140
Authors: Dollhofer Benjamin , Krämer Christian , Nouri1 Niki , Dietrich Stefan , Schulze1 Volker
Published: September 2024

Induction surface hardening is a process often used in industrial applications to efficiently increase the lifetime of components. Recently, this process has been enhanced with the inductive short time austempering process, creating a martensitic-bainitic microstructure. It is well-known that in homogeneous mixed microstructures, an optimally adjusted volume fraction of bainite can significantly increase the lifetime of the components even further. Regarding inductive short time austempering, there is a lack of knowledge in characterizing and differentiating graded microstructures, which occur due to the temperature gradients within the process. Therefore, three methods were investigated: the analysis of the grayscale profile of metallographic sections, the hardness profile and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) profile from the intensity curve (rocking curve) of the X-ray diffraction pattern. These methods were initially applied to homogeneous structures and evaluated. The findings were then transferred to graded microstructures. Finally, the graded microstructures could be differentiated both via the hardness profile and the FWHM value, while the grayscale analysis only allowed qualitative statements to be made. It became evident that both the volume fractions and their structure are crucial for subsequent mechanical characterization. Since the martensitic microstructure is easier to identify, it serves as a reliable reference for evaluating the mixed microstructure. In summary, these findings offer the foundation for further characterization of graded martensitic-bainitic mixed microstructures.
CoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Sintered Alloy with Metal Screen Direct Current Plasma Nitriding
Authors: Fujii Akito , Nishimoto Akio
Published: September 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEA) are multinary alloys obtained by blending at least five metallic elements in compositions close to their isoatomic fractions (5–35 at%). Generally, HEAs are produced by arc melting and casting. However, the cast specimens undergo phase separation and have a non-uniform microstructure. In contrast to ingot metallurgy, powder metallurgy has several advantages such as the possibility of alloying metals with high melting points and large differences in melting points and specific gravity. Therefore, we investigated the preparation of HEAs by mechanical alloying (MA), which produces an alloy powder with a uniform microstructure, followed by consolidation by spark plasma sintering (SPS). In this study, CoCrFeNiTi HEA sintered after MA-SPS was subjected to direct current plasma nitriding with screen (S-DCPN) to evaluate the characteristics of the nitrided layer as a function of nitriding temperature. Ball milling with heptane in an argon atmosphere using pure powders of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ti as raw materials was performed for 50 h. Subsequently, sintered compacts were prepared by SPS and treated with S-DCPN at 673, 773, and 873 K for 15 h in 75% N2–25% H2 at a gas pressure of 200 Pa. A screen made of austenitic stainless steel SUS316L was installed as an auxiliary cathode to ensure uniform heating and nitrogen supply during the plasma nitridation process. Then, X-ray diffraction test, cross-sectional microstructure observation, surface microstructure observation, cross-sectional hardness test, roughness test, glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, corrosion test, and wear test were performed on the nitrided samples. The corrosion test results demonstrated that corrosion resistance increased with decreasing nitriding temperature. Furthermore, the results of the roughness and wear tests confirmed that abrasive wear occurred on the specimens nitrided at 873 K.
Sources of Heat Treatment Distortion and Approaches for Distortion Reduction during Quench Hardening Process
Authors: Li Zhichao (Charlie) , Ferguson B. Lynn , Lee Edward , Habean Stefan , Meyer Jason
Published: September 2024

Heat treatment of steels is a process of modifying the mechanical properties by solid-state phase transformations or microstructural changes through heating and cooling. The material volume changes with phase transformations, which is one of the main sources of distortion. The thermal stress also contributes to the distortion, and its effect increases with solidstate phase transformations, as the material stays in the plastic deformation field due to the TRIP effect. With the basic understanding described above, the sources of distortion from a quench hardening process can be categorized as: 1) nonuniform austenitizing transformation during heating, 2) nonuniform austenite decomposing transformations to ferrite, pearlite, bainite or martensite during quenching, 3) adding of carbon or nitrogen to the material, and forming carbides or nitrides during carburizing or nitriding, 4) coarsening of carbide in tempered martensite during tempering, 5) stress relaxation from the initial state, 6) thermal stress caused by temperature gradient, and 7) nonhomogeneous material conditions, etc. With the help of computer modeling, the causes of distortion by these sources are analyzed and quantified independently. In this article, a series of modeling case studies are used to simulate the specific heat treatment process steps. Solutions for controlling and reducing distortion are proposed and validated from the modeling aspect. A thinwalled part with various wall section thickness is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of stepped heating on distortion caused by austenitizing. A patented gas quenching process is used to demonstrate the controlling of distortion with martensitic transformation for high temperature tempering steels. The effect of adding carbon to austenite on size change during carburizing is quantified by modeling, and the distortion can be compensated by adjusting the heat treat part size.
Identification of Thermal Boundary Conditions during Industrial Quenching (Air Transfer Plus Mineralized Oil Immersion) of a Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Salazar Gamaliel , Lemyre-Baron Jean-Sebastien , Jahazi Mohammad , Champliaud Henri , Tahan Antoine
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have pointed out the need to properly characterize industrial quenching processes to account for the inherent heterogeneities of the process. This study focuses on the identification of thermal boundary conditions of a hollow cylinder quenched by immersion in mineralized oil previously subjected to a predefined air transfer step. The test specimen is instrumented with in-body thermocouples at multiple locations along the radial and azimuthal direction thus mapping the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder. Based on the experimentally acquired datasets, characteristic points of physical significance during the cooling regimes after immersion are identified to produce time dependent analytical cooling curves. An inverse identification method is applied to estimate heat flux and temperature dependent heat transfer coefficients at locations of interest in both inner bore and outer surfaces. Results demonstrate the non-homogeneous cooling of the specimen during the quenching process before immersion (air transfer) and after immersion in the quenchant, hence confirming the importance of accounting for the influence of the industrial environment. The results are also compared with previous characterization data obtained with a plate probe for the same facilities thus capturing the influence of probe geometry on the identification of thermal boundary conditions.
Computational Heuristics for Prediction of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Quenchants
Authors: Felde Imre
Published: September 2024

Understanding the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) is essential for evaluating cooling media used in the immersion quenching of steels. This HTC characterizes the heat exchange between the immersed workpiece and the quenchant. Calculating the HTC involves solving an inverse heat transfer problem, which typically requires stochastic optimization algorithms. These algorithms use iterative processes and can be computationally demanding, often needing hundreds or thousands of iterations to find a solution.

To reduce this computational burden, this paper introduces an initialization technique that employs a non-iterative approach to solve the inverse heat transfer problem. The proposed method uses an artificial neural network (ANN), specifically a multi-layer feedforward neural network trained with the backpropagation algorithm. A synthetic database with 150,000 records of heat transfer coefficients, determined as a function of temperature, is created for training the network. Unconventionally, the Fourier transform of the cooling curve is used as input for the inference system. Additionally, the performance of the neural network is compared with other conventional learning algorithms. Results show that when combined with stochastic algorithms, the ANN achieves comparable solutions in a shorter amount of time.
In Situ High-Energy XRD Determination and Modeling of Internal Stresses during Heat Treatment of Carburized and Carbonitrided Low-Alloyed Steels
Authors: Teixeira J. , Jeyabalan K. , Geandier G. , Dulcy J. , Denand B. , Denis S. , Chini M-R. , Catteau S.D. , Courteaux M.
Published: September 2024

Thermochemical treatments like carburizing and carbonitriding allow to improve the properties in low-alloyed steels, which depend mainly on the distributions of residual stresses and microstructures. As the fatigue properties depend mainly on the latter, a fundamental understanding must be established regarding their formation during the cooling after the enrichment treatment.

This study introduces an experimental and simulation analysis of microstructure and internal stresses evolutions and their couplings. Influence of the carbon and nitrogen enrichments is highlighted. An original experimental technique is introduced to follow in situ by High-Energy XRD the phase transformation kinetics and the evolutions of the internal stresses during cooling, inside laboratory scale samples with C/N composition gradients.

The usual trends are confirmed regarding the carburizing: the carbon-enriched case is the last to undergo phase transformations. Due to the phase transformation strains, the surface ends up with compression residual stresses, whereas the center is put in tension. Conversely, for carbonitriding, unusual profiles of microstructures and residual stresses are observed. The presence of nitrogen induces a drastic loss of hardenability in the enriched case. This modifies the chronology of the phase transformations and this leads to tensile residual stresses at the surface for the studied cooling conditions. In the nitrogen-enriched case, a fine microstructure is formed during cooling and retained austenite remains, leading to a lower hardness than in the martensite layer beneath.

A coupled thermal, mechanical and metallurgical model predicting the phase transformation kinetics and the evolutions of internal stresses is set up. It takes account of the local carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the case. For carburizing, predictions are in good agreement with experiment. Simulations for carbonitriding achieve to predict the tensile stresses in the nitrogen-enriched case, which are due to the loss of hardenability. In both cases, residual stresses come mostly from phase transformation plasticity strains.
ISSUES OF HINDU-MUSLIM RELATIONS IN THE WORKS OF SYED AHMAD KHAN
Authors: Md. Yousuf Ali  , Osman Bakar
Published: September 2024

Syed Ahmad Khan Bahadur (1817-1898) was a controversial Muslim figure in nineteenth-century India. In the first half of his life (pre-1857 Mutiny), he appeared to be an advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity in India, but in the second half of it he was more concerned with Muslim religious and educational reforms and the promotion of Indian Muslim unity. His position such as on the Urdu-Hindi controversy raised issues about his views on Hindu-Muslim relations. The aspect of his life and thought that has bearing on Hindu-Muslim relations has received less attention from scholars compared to his reformist and modernist thought and agenda in the religious and educational sphere. Although he worked hard to promote Muslim unity, he sought to emphasize the approach of common religious and cultural values as a means of embracing ‘others’ in a spirit of fellowship and unity. He presented his unity message against a backdrop of troubled Hindu-Muslim relations and recurring communal riots during his time. The present study investigates Syed Ahmad Khan’s inclusive vision of Hindu-Muslim unity and intercultural dialogue as a means to its realization as reflected in some of his literary works. It seeks to explain why he has espoused such a bold vision and how he intended to achieve the goal of Hindu-Muslim unity while acknowledging their religious and cultural differences. Highlighted in this discussion are the salient features of Hindu-Muslim relations prior to and during his time that influenced their later developments. This article also discusses the significance and relevance of his thoughts and ideas on Hindu-Muslims for contemporary India.
Article 74.7.3 of the Code continues to destabilise zoological nomenclature: repeated lectotypification of Lemmus obensis bungei (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Gapon D.A. , Abramson N.I.
Published: September 2024

In 2023, B. Kryštufek and G.I. Shenbrot published a paper in which they proposed to consider invalid 20 lectotype designations based on the specimens in the collection of mammals at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg). They also designated a lectotype for Lemmus obensis bungei Vinogradov, 1926. We argue that the authors’ decision was based on an incorrect interpretation of Article 74.7.3 and some other Articles and Recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The history of Article 74.7.3 is briefly reviewed to highlight its destabilising nature and to draw attention to this within the zootaxonomic community.
Revision Chiari surgery in adults: surgical evaluation algorithm and outcomes in a continuity-of-care practice
Authors: Nguyen Rita H. , Chae John K. , Zappi Kyle E. , Luhmann Grant , Kisselbach Alexa , Cruz Amanda , Greenfield Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

Patients with a prior surgical history for Chiari malformation (CM) as a child or an adult who presents with a recurrence or persistence of symptoms pose a challenging clinical scenario. The authors analyzed preoperative presentations, surgical histories, and outcomes of adult CM revision cases to create an algorithm for the assessment of revision surgery in adult CM patients and contrast this with the care of pediatric CM patients within the context of an integrated continuity-of-care CM practice seeing pediatric and adult patients.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with CM0, -1, and -1.5 who were 21 years of age or older, had a prior history of CM surgery as either children or adults, and underwent revision surgery as adults at the authors’ institution from December 2009 to February 2020. The cohort was divided into three groups depending on the type of revision surgery performed: posterior fossa decompression with or without duraplasty (PFD/D group), occipitocervical fusion without ventral decompression (OCF group), and ventral decompression in the form of endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (VD group).

RESULTS

A total of 50 adult revision cases were divided into 30 PFD/D cases, 13 OCF cases, and 7 VD cases. Forty cases had previously undergone one CM surgery, and 10 had undergone two. Preoperatively, the PFD/D group had significantly fewer cases of diagnosed craniocervical instability (CCI), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and dysautonomia than the OCF and VD groups.

A retroflexed odontoid was significantly more common in the VD group than in the PFD/D and OCF groups. Postoperatively, rates of improvement were 60.0% with PFD/D, 84.6% with OCF, and 85.7% with VD, but differences in these rates were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

In this challenging group of CM patients, possible etiologies warranting additional surgery included residual dorsal compression, persistent syrinx, CCI, and ventral brainstem compression from a significant retroflexed odontoid. Outcomes after revision were often favorable, but careful evaluation, patient selection, and communication with patients are needed in deciding to reoperate. The suggested algorithm can aid decision-making.
Modeling the trajectories of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles based on the ADRRT-Connect algorithm in the problem of placing seismic sensors
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Saveliev Anton , Anikin Dmitry ,   Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Agafonov Vadim ,   LLC R-Sensors, Erokhin Gennady ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU)
Published: September 2024

Optimal route planning is a key aspect of successfully delivering geosensors using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to geographically distributed targets. The optimality of the route depends on the time required to plan the route and execute the flight to a target or group of targets, considering traffic safety and dynamic constraints. The trajectory calculation algorithm must always find a route, if one exists, and if it is impossible to find one, inform the operator about this circumstance. This article proposes a method based on a set of algorithms that ensure efficient distribution of targets among group members based on information about the targets and characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicles used. The method involves constructing optimal routes considering minimizing path length, avoiding sharp turns and loops, as well as avoiding obstacles and avoiding collisions with other unmanned aerial vehicles within the group. To test the proposed method, software was developed using the ROS/Gazebo en-vironment. The proposed method is a comprehensive solution to the problem of optimal route planning for UAVs with an emphasis on efficiency, safety, and efficiency in the context of geosensor delivery using unmanned aerial vehicles.
Detection of unmanned aerial vehicles using thermal imaging technology
Authors:   Military Order of Zhukov Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Andryushchenko Michael , Golik Alexander ,   Military Order of Zhukov Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Sahnov Sergey ,   Military Order of Zhukov Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Tereshin Sergey ,   Military Order of Zhukov Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The detection of UAVs can be carried out using their information features in various ranges: acoustic, radio, optical. Acoustic (ultrasonic) sensors, radar, radio frequency sensors, laser locators, electron-optical / IR sensors (direction finders) are used for their registration. This article will consider the possibilities of detecting UAVs using thermal imagers, pay attention to the characteristics of the resolution of thermal imaging systems, the signal-to-noise ratio, the possibilities of polarization processing of recorded thermal radiation, and the results of some foreign studies on the detection (recognition) of UAVs using thermal imaging cameras.
Assessment of land configuration techniques on in-situ soil moisture conservation and productivity of rainfed Bt. Cotton in semi-arid production systems
Authors: IMMANUEL R. REX , SURIYA S. M. NITHISH
Published: September 2024

Rainfed agriculture is proving to be a significant contributor to cotton production. However, recent climate change characterizes a substantial threat to current rainfed agricultural production, and consequently to farmers’ livelihoods in semi-arid regions. Typical features of these areas are erratic rainfall to frequent dry spells that lead to frequent crop failure and lasting poverty. In-situ soil moisture conservation is an important climate resilience agricultural practice to enhance the productivity of crops in these regions including rainfed Bt cotton. It comprises agronomical land configuration techniques with several local modifications. The experiments were conducted in a field at Okkarai village (11o 22’ N latitude and 78o 53’ E longitudes), Thuraiyur Block, Tiruchirapallai District in the Northwestern Agro-climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu. It was undertaken during the Rabi season (North-East monsoon) of 2022 and 2023. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatments with three replications. The treatments consist of different land configuration techniques viz., flat-bed, ridges and furrows, broad bed and furrows (BBF), raised bed, tied ridges, tied ridges (alternate rows) and tied broad beds (TBB). An analysis of pooled mean data of two years showed significant differences between the treatments. Among the land configuration techniques tested, tied ridges (alternate rows) registered the maximum soil moisture content during flowering and boll formation (90 DAS), boll development (120 DAS) and boll and fibre maturation (140 DAS) stages, and the increase was 34.4%, 31.8% and 15.74%, respectively over flat-bed method. Likewise, tied ridges (alternate rows) significantly enhanced the cotton growth characters viz., plant height (128.92 cm), leaf area index (4.52), dry matter production (5.19 t/ha), and yield attributes viz., number of squares (44.50/plant), number of bolls (43.73/plant), boll weight (4.76 g) and seed cotton yield (20.86 q/ha) and cost-benefit ratio (3.07). Tied ridges in alternative row served as low-cost micro catchment approach for trapping and holding water and its practice in semi-arid rainfed region has beneficial effects of reducing runoff and soil loss, increasing soil moisture and augment crop yield.
Role of SMEs in Poverty Reduction in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Shinwari Dr. Obaidullah , Sherzai Amanullah , Mujaddidi Jabir Ahmad
Published: September 2024

The current research has been conducted to investigate the role of SMEs in poverty
reduction in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan. To achieve the research objective, the
author followed a positivist deductive and descriptive research design with a survey
strategy where the data was collected from 150 respondents through an adopted
questionnaire for statistical analysis. Finally, the findings revealed that SME
management has a negative relationship with poverty. A survey of respondents was
conducted, and the results show a strong negative relationship between SMEs and
poverty reduction. This means that as SMEs increase, poverty decreases. The research
also found that proper management of SMEs is crucial for poverty reduction. Overall,
the study suggests that SMEs play a significant role in reducing poverty in the region.
The role of A. P. Ponomarevʼs investigations in the development of microbiology at Kazan University (1920s – 1930s)
Authors: Trushin Maxim V.
Published: September 2024

The development of microbiology in the Russian Empire at the cusp of the 19th and 20th centuries was accompanied by the emergence of specialized scientific institutions involved in bacteriological studies. These were both standalone organizations and those that were part of the universities. Later on, departments of microbiology began to open in the USSR’s higher educational institutions and specialists began to be trained in this discipline. This article analyses the material on the history of non-medical microbiological research at Kazan University from the 1920s to the 1930s. It is shown that A. P. Ponomarev and his colleagues were the pioneers in geo-environmental microbiology. Their comprehensive studies were devoted to the role of microorganisms in the mechanisms of formation of therapeutic muds and were of both applied and theoretical significance.
“The ultimate objective was to implement détente in the history of technology field”: towards the history of the establishment of the International Committee for the History of Technology (ICOHTEC)
Authors: Borisov Vasily P.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the history of the establishment of the International Committee for the History of Technology (ICOHTEC) that has united the scientists from many countries involved in the studies on the history of technology. The formation of this new scientific organization occurred in the years of the Cold War escalation, which had affected the choice of its leaders. The article provides a brief description of science-organization activities of the scientists who became the leaders of the ICOHTEC: Maurice Daumas (France), Eugeniusz Olszewski (Poland), Semyon V. Shukhardin (USSR), and Melvin Kranzberg (USA). The foundation of the International Committee for the History of Technology was approved by the 12th International Congress of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology in Paris in 1968. Over the next 50 years, the international symposia have been held annually under the auspices of the ICOHTEC.
The concept of legal dualism and its overcoming in contemporary studies of the Russian Empire
Authors: Vernyaev Igor I.
Published: September 2024

The productive interdisciplinary exchange with legal anthropology and the “law and society” paradigm has significantly contributed to the formation of the “legal turn” in historical studies of empires. This “turn” has intensified the study of legal pluralism, the competition and mutual influence among various types of imperial jurisdictions (state, corporate, confessional, ethnic, estate-based, regional, communal, etc.), and the significance of law and judicial institutions in managing diversity and integrating imperial spaces. Additionally, it explores the role of judicial and legal institutions in reinforcing the status and identity of imperial communities and in shaping their interactions with the state. This article, in light of the new interdisciplinary synthesis, discusses one of the oldest and most enduring concepts in the legal-historical sphere of the Russian Empire — the model of “legal dualism”. Formed in the 19th century, this concept remains influential in historiography. It posits the coexistence and sharp distinction between two legal realms: on one hand, a unified realm of modern statutory law and corresponding institutions that regulate the lives of the empire's elite; and on the other hand, an ethnically and locally variable realm of particularistic “customary law” and associated conflict resolution practices prevalent among the heterogeneous population of the imperial center and periphery. According to this concept, the establishment of new courts modeled on European systems during the post-reform period exacerbated the legal and behavioral divide, disrupting pre-existing elements of pre-reform particularistic inclusion of ethnic and class communities. However, recent research has critiqued and revised the “legal dualism” concept in both the pre-reform and post-reform periods. Analyzing this historiographical dynamic has enabled the identification of the most promising avenues for further research on the legal-historical aspects of Russia from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, developing a more realistic depiction of the interaction between the state and various local, regional, class-based, ethnic, and confessional communities within the empire.
«Our immutable symbol “Tsar and freedom”»: Old Believers in the First Russian Revolution
Authors: Kerov Valeriy V.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the political views of the Old Believers of various consents during the First Russian Revolution. The source base of the study was made up of materials from Old Believer congresses, councils and meetings of 1905-1907, as well as Old Believer periodicals. The analysis showed that the clergy showed the greatest conservatism among the Old Believers, the scholars (were more liberal than others, the Old Believer peasants turned out to be even more radical, demanding the forced confiscation of part of the landowner lands. Old Believer entrepreneurs mainly focused on the Octobrists. But, despite criticism of the "police-bureaucratic regime," all strata and groups of Old Believers adhered to monarchical views. Even liberal scholars, hoping for the Duma, retained faith in the king. At the same time, all consents and social strata condemned violence and rejected cooperation with both the "red" and "black" parties. In general, the political position of the Old Believers at that time was expressed in the slogan: "Long live the tsar! Long live freedom!"
The fate of the «bison»
Authors: Demin Vadim А.
Published: September 2024

The review talks about the book by A.A. Ivanov about the leader of the Black Hundreds N.E. Markov. It is emphasized that the book was written on a very serious source base and is the result of many years of work. The author explores in great detail all stages of Markov’s biography, the features of his political views, party, zemstvo and Duma activities. It is shown that Markov, like most other party leaders of the early twentieth century, weakly expressed the interests and desires of their supporters. Work by A.A. Ivanov is a significant contribution to historical science.
The Mason of the Great East of the peoples of Russia P. M. Makarov
Authors: Sokolov Arseny Vladimirovich
Published: September 2024

Review of the monograph Gordeev P. N. Civil engineer P. M. Makarov and his memories of the revolution and the royal family. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the Russian State Pedagogical Herzen University, 2021. - 236 pp., illus.
Organic and Inorganic Modified Montmorillonite as a Scavenger of Formaldehyde in Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Composites
Authors: Krstić Marija , Samaržija-Jovanović Suzana , Jovanović Tijana , Jovanović Vojislav , Marković Gordana , Marinović-Cincović Milena
Published: September 2024

This research used montmorillonite (K10) modified with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The samples are marked with MMT, OMMT for organic-modified montmorillonite, and AMMT for inorganic-modified montmorillonite. UF resin with a molar ratio FA/U = 0.8 was synthesized in situ with modified and unmodified MMT. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the MMT samples. The degree of activation was determined based on the measurement of specific surface area, which was determined by the Sears method. The sulfite method was used to determine free and released formaldehyde from synthesized urea-formaldehyde/montmorillonite (UF/MMT) composites. SEM analysis showed changes in the OMMT morphology and the formation of a hollow network, affecting the clay's absorption capacity. Measurement of the specific surface area shows that higher values were obtained for AMMT (183 m2/g) compared to OMMT (13.5 m2/g). Despite that, the free and released formaldehyde amount was 0.06% and 4.6% for UF/AMMT and 0.1% and 1.0% for UF/OMMT. The larger interlayer spacing and hydrophobic nature of OMMT make it an effective barrier within the UF resin matrix.
DETERMINAN KEPUASAN DAN KINERJA DALAM BLENDED LEARNING
Authors: Alamin Ahmad Fikri , Warsono Sony
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan dan kinerja blended learning yaitu content interaction, instructor-learner interaction, learner-learner interaction, dan biaya dan akses internet. Teknik penyebaran data menggunakan survei berupa penyebaran kuesioner dan disebar melalui google form. Penelitian ini melibatkan 191 partisipan yang merupakan mahasiswa S1 akuntansi yang mengambil mata kuliah praktikum akuntansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa content interaction yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kerpuasan dan kinerja dalam blended learning. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan instructor-learner interaction mendukung kepuasan namun tidak pada kinerja dalam blended learning. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan learner-learner interaction tidak mendukung kepuasan, namun mendukung kinerja dalam blended learning. Namun, tidak terdapat dukungan antara biaya dan akses internet pada kepuasan dan kinerja dalam blended learning. Hasil penelitian memberikan dukungan kepuasan terhadap kinerja dalam blended learning yaitu menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan menjadi faktor penting dalam mengukur kualitas belajar mengajar di perguruan tinggi.
Do Tau Deposition and Glucose Metabolism Dissociate in Alzheimer’s Disease Trajectory?
Authors: Nowell Joseph , Raza Sanara , Livingston Nicholas R. , Sivanathan Shayndhan , Gentleman Steve , Edison Paul
Published: September 2024

Background: Tau aggregation demonstrates close associations with hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although differing pathophysiological processes may underlie their development. Objective: To establish whether tau deposition and glucose metabolism have different trajectories in AD progression and evaluate the utility of global measures of these pathological hallmarks in predicting cognitive deficits. Methods: 279 participants with amyloid-β (Aβ) status, and T1-weighted MRI scans, were selected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (http://adni.loni.usc.edu). We created the standard uptake value ratio images using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 for [18F]AV1451-PET (tau) and [18F]FDG-PET (glucose metabolism) scans. Voxel-wise group and single-subject level SPM analysis evaluated the relationship between global [18F]FDG-PET and [18F]AV1451-PET depending on the Aβ status. Linear models assessed whether tau deposition or glucose metabolism better predicted clinical progression. Results: There was a dissociation between global cerebral glucose hypometabolism and global tau load in amyloid-positive AD and amyloid-negative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (p > 0.05). Global hypometabolism was only associated with global cortical tau in amyloid-positive MCI. Voxel-level single subject tau load better predicted neuropsychological performance, Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-Cog) 13 score, and one-year change compared with regional and global hypometabolism. Conclusions: A dissociation between tau pathology and glucose metabolism at a global level in AD could imply that other pathological processes influence glucose metabolism. Furthermore, as tau is a better predictor of clinical progression, these processes may have independent trajectories and require independent consideration in the context of therapeutic interventions.
Use of fenofibrate as adjuvant to phototherapy in unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wismananda A.V. , Zahra A.L. , Lukinanda R.K.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Most neonates have neonatal jaundice, with 5–15% requiring phototherapy. Although phototherapy is beneficial, it can potentially extend hospital stays and cause harm. This study’s purpose was to analyze the effects of fenofibrate and phototherapy on total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at 24 and 48 hours (primary outcome) after intervention. Furthermore, the phototherapy duration and adverse events were also of interest (secondary outcome). METHODS: The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Articles were searched on EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Study selection was done following PRISMA and risk of bias studies were conducted. The Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Nine studies, including 610 newborns, were identified and included in the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis discovered a significant change in TSB levels at 24 hours after intervention (mean difference (MD) –0.96 (95% CI –1.09, –0.83), p < 0.00001) with low heterogeneity and at 48 hours after intervention (MD –1.75 (95% CI –2.26, –1.24), p < 0.00001) with high heterogeneity. Significant shortening of phototherapy duration was observed in the interventional group (MD –15.28 (95% CI –20.65, –9.90), p < 0.00001) with high heterogeneities. One of the nine studies reported a non-significant occurrence of abdominal distension and diarrhea in the fenofibrate group. CONCLUSION: Fenofibrate might be applied as an adjuvant in unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia to reduce the average total serum bilirubin and shorten the length of phototherapy.
Patient height is a predictive factor for good postoperative knee flexion after cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty with GRADIUS design
Authors: Miura Takanori , Takahashi Tsuneari , Ae Ryusuke , Takeshita Katsushi , Miyakoshi Naohisa
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: A gradually reducing radius (GRADIUS) design implant can facilitate a smooth transition from stability through full range of motion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Nonetheless, patient-specific factors associated with good knee flexion remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with good knee flexion after cruciate-retaining TKA with a GRADIUS prosthesis in an Asian population. METHODS: This retrospective study included 135 patients that were stratified according to postoperative knee flexion angle (KFA) into Group F (⩾ 120∘; 85 patients [63.2%]) and Group NF (< 120∘; 50 patients [36.8%]). RESULTS: Patients in Group F were taller and had a lower body mass index (BMI) smaller preoperative hipkneeankle angle and better preoperative extension and flexion angle than Group NF patients. The multivariable analysis revealed that patients’ height (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, P= 0.0150), BMI (OR: 0.85, P= 0.0049), and preoperative flexion angle (OR: 1.06, P= 0.0008) predicted good KFA. The ROC curve analysis showed that the cutoff values of a good KFA were height 155.1 cm, BMI 22.1 kg/m2, and preoperative KFA 120∘. CONCLUSIONS: Patient height, BMI, and preoperative KFA were independent factors affecting good postoperative KFA in patients of Asian descent who underwent cruciate-retaining TKA with a GRADIUS design.
Střet identit? USA a Evropa po 11. září
Authors: Šedivý Jiří
Published: September 2024

Krátké období jednoty a solidarity v rámci atlantického společenství, které trvalo několik týdnů po teroristických útocích loňského 11. září, vystřídal rychle se prohlubující rozkol mezi Evropou a USA. V řadě analýz příčin této situace převažuje tradiční přístup, hledající vysvětlení této situace v mocenské asymetrii mezi Evropou a USA a z ní vyplývajících různic materiálních zájmů. Tato stať si klade za cíl rozšířit pohled na problém o jeho nemateriální, ideovou dimenzi. Autor vychází z předpokladu, že zatímco identita Evropy je postmoderní, postsuverénní, USA jsou moderním suverénním státem. Rozdílné identity podmiňují pak rozdílné hodnotové akcenty, s jejichž pomocí Američané a Evropané interpretují svět, svou pozici a roli v něm, vkládají smysl svým činům, konstruují své zájmy a legitimizují své metody užití moci a v neposlední řadě jimi nahlížejí na sebe navzájem. Teoretickým rámcem analýzy je konstruktivismus.
Globalizace pro a proti
Authors: Slačálek Ondřej
Published: September 2024

Globalizace pro a proti.
Ruská zadluženost a ruské pohledávky
Authors: Fingerland Jaroslav
Published: September 2024

Boris Aronovič Chejfec: Kreditnaja historija Rossiji /Ot Jekatěriny II. do Putina/. 1. izdanie. Moskva: URSS, 2001, 133 s., ISBN 5-8360-0193-6; Boris Aronovič Chejfec: Vněšnyje dolgovyje aktivy Rossiji. 1. izdanie. Moskva: URSS, 2001, 206 s., ISBN 5-8360-0222-3.
Předpoklady a důsledky zavedení evropské ústavy
Authors: Hřích Jan
Published: September 2024

Christoph Dorau: Die Verfassungsfrage der Europäischen Union: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der europäischen Verfassungsentwicklung nach Nizza. 1. Auf. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2001, 256 s., ISBN 3-7890-7291-5.
Evropská integrace a národní stát
Authors: Řezanková Ivona
Published: September 2024

Von der Emanzipation zur Integration. Hrsg. Zbigniew Drozdowicz, Krzysztof Glass, Jan Škaloud. Zentraleuropa - Mitteleuropa. Band 14. 1. Aufl. Wien: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Mitteleuropäische Studien; Poznan: Humaniora, 2000, 272 stran, ISBN 3-901449-72-8, 83-7112-107-5. Signatura knihovny ÚMV 47 675.
Zdroje amerického chování
Authors: Barša Pavel
Published: September 2024

Pochází americký unilateralismus po 11. září 2001 z vědomí americké mocenské převahy, anebo je výrazem americké kulturní identity? První odpověď má sklon považovat současnou americkou politiku za realistickou, druhá naopak za idealistickou. Autor tvrdí, že tato dvě vysvětlení se mohou doplňovat, pochopíme-li současný americký diskurz jako spojení "vulgárního realismu síly" se "substantivním idealismem dobra". Tato syntéza realismu a idealismu má své pomyslné těžiště u idealistického pólu, neboť je motivována utopickou touhou po úniku z "politična", které obhajovali klasičtí realisté od Machiavelliho přes Nietzscheho a Schmitta k Morgenthauovi a ke Kissingerovi. Tito myslitelé nechápali politiku jako sféru hrubé síly, nýbrž jako přechodovou zónu mezi donucováním a přesvědčováním, násilím a rozumem. Právě tento koncept politiky předpokládají liberální oponenti současného unilateralistického obratu. Jak idealističtí neokonzervativci, tak i realističtí liberálové nacházejí oporu v americké politické tradici. Výsledek jejich boje je proto otevřený.
Miroslav Tůma: Nešíření zbraní hromadného ničení, kontrola zbrojení, odzbrojení a Česká republika
Authors: Štembera Milan
Published: September 2024

Miroslav Tůma: Nešíření zbraní hromadného ničení, kontrola zbrojení, odzbrojení a Česká republika. 1. vydání. Praha: ÚMV, 2002, 350 stran, poznámky, obrazová příloha, ISBN 80-86506-23-1.
Pavel Šturma: Mezinárodní trestní soud a stíhání zločinů podle mezinárodního práva
Authors: Kalová Zuzana
Published: September 2024

Pavel Šturma: Mezinárodní trestní soud a stíhání zločinů podle mezinárodního práva. 1. vydání. Praha: Karolinum, 2002, 311 stran, ISBN 80-246-0305-5.
Hans Arnold - Raimund Krämer (Hrsg.): Sicherheit für das grössere Europa: Politische Optionen im globalen Spannungsfeld
Authors: Řezanková Ivona
Published: September 2024

Hans Arnold - Raimund Krämer (Hrsg.): Sicherheit für das grössere Europa: Politische Optionen im globalen Spannungsfeld. Vorwort von Ludger Volmer. 1. Aufl. Eine Welt; No. 14. Bonn: Dietz, 2002, 368 stran, ISBN 3-8012-0324-7.
Finite element analysis for the insertion process of the press-fitted total hip arthroplasty
Authors:   , Zhao Yanning
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] There are more than 300,000 total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries performed every year in the United States. Press-fitted artificial hip joints are wildly used for relatively young patients. It relies on the friction resistance to relative motion at the bone-implant interface to allow bone ingrowth and primary stability. Interference fit and friction coefficient are two important factors during the insertion process that can directly influence the stability of the implants. The three-dimensional dynamic model was evaluated using finite element method to simulate the insertion process of the stem prosthesis. Different values of interference fit (from 0.1 to 0.5 mm) and friction coefficients (from 0.3 to 0.5) were considered.