bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El papel de la membrana mitocondrial externa en el control del metabolismo energético celular
Authors: Lemeshko Viktor V.
Published: April 2018

Hasta 95 % de la energía en las células eucariotas se produce en las mitocondrias, las cuales se componen de dos membranas, la interna y la externa. La principal función de la membrana interna es la fosforilación oxidativa. El trifosfato de adenosina (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) y el fosfato de creatina, producidos en las mitocondrias, se transfieren al citosol atravesando la membrana mitocondrial externa, básicamente a través de las porinas (voltagedependent anion cannel, VDAC). Dado que los mecanismos de generación del potencial eléctrico en esta membrana se desconocen, generalmente se asume que la compuerta eléctrica de los VDAC siempre está abierta. Sin embargo, el potencial de la membrana mitocondrial externa puede generarse de manera dependiente del metabolismo energético celular mediante diversos mecanismos. La generación de dicho potencial mediante los complejos VDAC-hexocinasa en las células cancerígenas, o la oxidación directa del NADH citosólico en las mitocondrias de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae permiten explicar los efectos de Crabtree y Warburg como una supresión eléctrica de las mitocondrias. Según el modelo desarrollado, la prevención de la formación de los complejos VDAC-hexocinasa por acción de algunos factores podría causar efectos anti-Warburg y anticancerígenos. Además, este potencial positivo generado por los complejos VDAC-creatina-cinasa podría proteger las mitocondrias de los cardiomiocitos y de otras células frente a los niveles tóxicos de calcio en el citosol. Los mecanismos propuestos de generación del potencial de la membrana dependiente del metabolismo energético celular, sugieren que las propiedades eléctricas del VDAC tienen un papel importante en varios procesos fisiológicos y patofisiológicos. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Cananguchales y manglares: humedales forestales de las zonas bajas tropicales, tan semejantes como contrastantes
Authors: Urrego C. Ligia Estela
Published: April 2018

A pesar de la marcada diferencia existente entre cananguchales y manglares, dada la influencia marina sobre éstos últimos, se identificaron semejanzas a partir del análisis de datos de vegetación, tomados en parcelas de 1000 m2, y de análisis de correspondencia canónica. Factores ambientales restrictivos tales como, el drenaje, la inundación, y la profundidad del horizonte orgánico, influyeron en la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación en ambos bosques. La diversidad se incrementó con la disminución progresiva de las condiciones de estrés asociada a estos factores, a lo largo del gradiente ambiental, desde suelos arcillosos muy mal drenados, en basines y depresiones mal drenados, hasta diques y partes altas y bien drenadas del plano de la inundación, donde colonizan especies de los bosques vecinos. Los cambios climáticos post-glaciales establecidos con base en el análisis palinológico de columnas de sedimentos, evidenciaron la colonización progresiva de las especies dominantes, pero las condiciones del máximo térmico Holocénico posibilitaron el establecimiento y expansión de cananguchales y, con la estabilización de los niveles del mar, de los manglares 4000 años AP. Análisis de imágenes satelitales, observaciones fenológicas y series de tiempo de variables climáticas mostraron que Rhizophora mangle y Mauritia flexuosa han respondido positivamente a las sequías de corta duración asociadas al ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Eventos, como el mar de leva en los manglares, han incidido en las tasas de mortalidad, reclutamiento y sobrevivencia de la regeneración natural. Los mayores cambios de la vegetación en las últimas décadas se asociaron principalmente con perturbación de origen antrópico. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Una nueva especie de Miconia (Melastomataceae) de hojas rojizas de los andes de Colombia
Authors: Mendoza-Cifuentes Humberto , Posada-Herrera Juan Mauricio
Published: April 2018

Se describe e ilustra Miconia brigittei (Melastomataceae), una nueva especie endémica de los andes de Colombia. Esta especie se asocia con Miconia sección Amblyarrhena y se caracteriza por el color rojizo de las hojas en los ejemplares de herbario, hojas 5 plinervias, domacios pubescentes en la base de las venas secundarias por el envés, pétalos reflexos, conectivo de la antera minutamente prolongado en la base dorsal, y ovario 3-locular. Crece a lo largo de la Cordillera Occidental y centro-norte de la Cordillera Central, entre los 1330 y 2020 m de elevación, en zonas de bosque Subandino y Andino. Por su rango de distribución es categorizada como vulnerable. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Algoritmo teórico para la estimación de la radiación solar global para una atmósfera despejada
Authors: Girado-Polo Carlos , Gónima-Gónima Leonardo
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo se desarrolló un algoritmo para la estimación de la radiación solar global, para una atmósfera despejada, mediante el modelamiento de las ecuaciones teóricas de transferencia radiativa de onda corta (0,3 µm - 2,8 µm). Se determinaron las transmitancias espectrales de la radiación solar directa, debidas a la dispersión de Rayleigh y Mie. Mediante el software Propiedades Ópticas de Aerosoles y Nubes (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds, OPAC) se calculó la Profundidad Óptica de los Aerosoles (Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD) para cuatro diferentes tipos de atmósferas, indispensable para la determinación del índice de turbidez de Ångström. Así mismo, se calcularon la transmitancias espectrales por absorción de la radiación solar directa, incluyendo aerosoles, vapor de agua, ozono y aire seco (mezcla de gases). El contenido de O3 se obtuvo de los datos diarios existentes en base de datos de la NASA. Para la componente difusa de la radiación solar, se dedujo una nueva expresión para el cálculo de la fracción de la radiación solar dispersada por los aerosoles hacia la superficie terrestre. La comparación estadística entre los resultados obtenidos con el algoritmo desarrollado, los datos medidos de la radiación global (estación Potsdam - Alemania) y los resultados de otros tres modelos radiativos, entre 2012 y 2014, muestra que el nuevo modelo permite calcular los valores horarios de la radiación solar global con suficiente precisión. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Сhoice of materials for producing dimensionally stable load-carrying structures
Authors: Bitkin V. E. , Zhidkova O. G. , Komarov V. A.
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the problems of choosing materials for producing dimensionally stable load-carrying structures of space optical electronic complexes. Physical and mechanical properties of successfully applied and promising composite materials obtained by theoretical and experimental research are presented. A comparative analysis of properties of carbon-filled plastics is given according to the percentage of filler content in a composite matrix and the elastic modulus of carbon fiber. Experimental data related to the properties of carbon-filled plastics based on various fibers are presented. The dependence of the temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) of various carbon-filled plastics with unidirectional and quasi-isotropic structures is studied theoretically and experimentally. The stability of TCLE is shown to be approximately equal to110-6 ˚C-1 in the area with 50-60% volume filler content. The TCLEs and elastic moduli of carbon-filled plastics and optical glasses of telescope elements are compared. The task of developing a composite material with a TCLE value characteristic of titanium alloys is discussed. Recommendations for applying the analyzed composite materials in the development of dimensionally stable space structures are given.
Relation between characyeristics of low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue of threaded parts and residual stresses
Authors: Zlobin A. S.
Published: April 2018

The dependence of low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue characteristics of threaded parts on the criterion of average integral residual stresses is examined in the article. These characteristics play an essential role in ensuring reliability of aeronautical equipment. The study was carried out using titanium-alloy M6 bolts with various ways of producing residual stresses. In all the cases the dependences are quadratic. Further analysis showed linear dependence between the increment of cycle life and the limiting cycle amplitude under changes of residual stresses. This conclusion holds for all examined ways of producing residual stresses. The increments mentioned are linear functions of the criterion of average integral residual stresses. A procedure for determining the increment of the limiting cycle amplitude with the use of the criterion of average integral stresses is presented. Special attention is given to the method of finding the coefficient of residual stress influence on the limiting cycle amplitude for the constant mean stress. The approach to determining the increment of cycle life by a known value of the increment of the limiting cycle amplitude calculated with the use of the criterion of average integral residual stresses is validated.
Optimizing a vehicle trans-atmospheric motion using Pontryagin’s maximum principle
Authors: Balakin V. L. , Ishkov S. A. , Khramov A. A.
Published: April 2018

The task of optimizing trans-atmospheric motion of a flight vehicle in order to maximize its final velocity with prescribed finite values of the height and flight path angle is considered. The angle of attack acts as control in passive motion of a vehicle. Previously, the sequential linearization method was used to solve this optimization task. It is shown that at great altitudes the control programs are slightly different depending on the chosen initial approximation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the optimum control program on the basis of a strict solution of the optimization task using the Pontryagins maximum principle. Solving the problem of optimizing trans-atmospheric motion of a flight vehicle is illustrated by passive climb of the sub-hypersonic vehicle MPV (the first stage of the aerospace system RASCAL designed in the USA). The coefficient of lift (angle of attack) increases in the greater part of the trajectory to provide the prescribed finite values of height and path inclination and then decreases to provide maximum final velocity. The correctness of the obtained solutions of the optimization task using the maximum principle is confirmed by the zero Hamiltonian value in the optimum trajectory. The results of vehicle motion simulation with optimal control and various initial conditions of motion and the vehicle mass are discussed. The results obtained show that the solutions of the optimization task under consideration using the maximum principle and the sequential linearization principle are in close agreement.
Особливості тестування інерціальних стабілізованих платформ
Authors: Sushchenko Olha
Published: April 2018

Мета: у статті розглянуто проблеми перевірок інерціальних стабілізованих платформ, які експлуатуються на наземних рухомих об’єктах. Головною ціллю є розгляд можливостей перевірок систем за допомогою використання імітаційного моделювання. Методи: для розв’язання цієї проблеми використовуються методи інерціальної стабілізації, методи створення математичних моделей, а також імітаційного моделювання. При цьому враховуються можливості обчислювальної системи MatLab. Результати: Розглянуто можливості перевірок точнісних характеристик засобами моделювання. Розроблено відповідні математичні моделі. Враховано наявність різних режимів функціонування інерціальних стабілізованих платформ. Представлено підходи до оцінювання статичних і динамічних похибок. Розглянуто можливість оцінки кутової жорсткості за моментом. Розглянуто способи завдання різних тестових сигналів з урахуванням особливостей випробувального стенда. Висновки: представлено результати моделювання різних тестових сигналів. Запропоновані способи оцінки експлуатаційних характеристик інерціальних стабілізованих платформ дозволяють зменшити часові та вартісні витрати на тестування. Отримані результати можуть бути корисними під час проектування інерціальних стабілізованих платформ для рухомих об’єктів широкого класу.
Екологічна політика як інструмент мінімізації впливів авіації на навколишнє середовище
Authors: Radomska Margaryta , Sahaydak Margarita
Published: April 2018

Мета. У статті представлений аналіз впливу авіації на навколишнє середовище та рекомендації щодо розробки екологічної політики, спрямованої на підвищення екологічної ефективності авіакомпаній. Аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій. Проблеми взаємодії авіації з навколишнім середовищем охоплені цілеспрямованими дослідженнями всіх основних регуляторів галузі, але також важливо проаналізувати діючі екологічні політики авіакомпаній, щоб отримати уявлення про те, як авіакомпанії розуміють екологічні проблеми своєї галузі та оцінити їх готовність вирішувати ці проблеми. Сучасні тенденції розвитку авіації. Очікується, що пасажирські авіаперевезення у світі будуть стабільно зростати до 2030-х років. Статистичні дані про діяльність найбільших національних аеропортів в Україні також демонструють позитивну тенденцію щодо кількості рейсів протягом останніх трьох років. Аналіз екологічних впливів авіації. Зростання об’ємів авіаперевезень підвищує проблему впливу на навколишнє середовище, включаючи внесок у зміни клімату; забруднення приземної атмосфери, ґрунтів та поверхневих вод; шумове забруднення; накопичення відходів; загрози для ареалів та біорізноманітності; зменшення орних земель; споживання води та енергії; електромагнітне забруднення; наслідки для здоров'я тощо. Призначення та сутність екологічної політики для авіакомпаній. Екологічна політика - це презентація цілей і принципів авіакомпаній у сфері управління впливами на навколишнє середовище. Вона допомагає розвинути позитивний зовнішній імідж компанії. Аналіз діючих екологічних політик авіакомпаній. Аналіз екологічної політики більш ніж 40 повітряних компаній з різних регіонів світу показав, що зміст їх практично збігається, а відмінності стосуються встановлення пріоритетів та специфічних місцевих проблем. Обговорення. У розглянутих політиках виділено ряд серйозних недоліків: декларативний характер положень, відсутність планових процедур оцінки прогресу та поширення прийнятої відповідальності на пасажирів. Висновки. Для боротьби з негативними екологічними аспектами діяльності авіакомпаній необхідним є створення системи управління навколишнім середовищем на основі ефективної екологічної політики, яка включає в себе чіткі реалістичні цілі з кількісними характеристиками, які можна проконтролювати.
Yağışın Alansal Dağılımının Haritalandırılmasında Enterpolasyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması: Akdeniz Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: İLKER Ahmet , TERZİ Özlem , ŞENER Erhan
Published: April 2018

Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yağışın
alansal dağılımının incelendiği bu çalışmada, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)
ile yağış dağılım haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Haritaların oluşturulması için
gerekli yağış verileri Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü’nden (DMİ)
temin edilmiştir. Yağış dağılım haritaları, Ters Mesafe Ağırlıklı, Kriging ve
Spline enterpolasyon yöntemleri ile oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan dağılım
haritalarının uygunluğu, doğruluk analizleri determinasyon katsayısına (R2)
ve karekök ortalama hata değerlerine göre yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler
sonucunda genel olarak IDW enterpolasyon yönteminin uygun sonuçlar verdiği
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Kriging yöntemi de bazı istasyonlarda IDW yönteminden
daha yüksek R2 değerleri vermiştir. Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yağışın
alansal dağılımında IDW enterpolasyon yönteminin kullanılabilir olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women
Authors: Pulvers Kim , Cupertino A. Paula , Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Cox Lisa Sanderson , Ho Yen-Yi , Nollen Nicole L. , Cuellar Ruby , Ahluwalia Jasjit S.
Published: April 2018

Background: Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a dif­ferent and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex.

Methods: An online English-language sur­vey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) and other accul­turation markers were used. Multinomial lo­gistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/ heavy daily) with acculturation markers.

Results: Greater ARMSA-II scores (rela­tive risk ratio, RRR=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (RRR=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (RRR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (RRR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (RRR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex.

Conclusion: This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher ac­culturation.

Ethn Dis. 2018.28(2):105-114; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.105.
The HealthKick Study: Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Primary Caregivers of Primary School Learners from Two School Districts in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: De Villiers Anniza , Senekal Marjanne , Nel Johanna , Draper Catherine E. , Lambert Estelle , Steyn Nelia P.
Published: April 2018

Background: The HealthKick (HK) study showed that educators (teachers) had a high prevalence of risk factors for the develop­ment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Little data are available on parents or other primary caregivers of learners from disadvan­taged schools.

Aim: The aim of our study was to determine modifiable risk factors for the development of NCDs in a sample of caregivers of schools included in the HK intervention program.

Participants: Caregivers of grade 4 children from 25 schools were invited to take part in the study and 175 participated. Caregivers were Black Africans and of mixed ethnic origin.

Methods: Dietary intake was measured using a validated frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured by completing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Caregivers described their smoking habits and alcohol usage. Weight and height were measured for each participant and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Results: Eighty percent women and 50% men had a BMI ≥25 (overweight or obese). The most frequently consumed categories of foods were processed foods, energy-dense foods, and high-fat foods represent­ing unhealthy food choices. More than half of the total group (81.7%) and both males and females were meeting physical activity recommendations of 600 METs/week. Many caregivers, particularly men (53%), smoked cigarettes and reportedly consumed alcohol during the week and on weekends.

Conclusion: Caregivers of children in the HK study population presented with a large number of modifiable health risk behaviors. These results highlight the importance of engaging caregivers, as part of a whole school intervention, to promote healthy eating and physical activity.

Ethn Dis. 2018;28(2):93-98; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.93
Designing a Peer-Mentoring Program for Education Doctorate (EdD) Students
Authors: Lowery Kendra , Geesa Rachel , McConnell Kat
Published: April 2018

Objectives: In preparation for creating a peer-mentoring program for education doctorate (EdD) students, we conducted a literature review to learn about the characteristics of peer-mentoring programs for graduate students and EdD students specifically.

Method: Our search criteria included articles about peer mentoring for graduate students only; published in peer-reviewed journals since the year 2000; and about programs that involved more experienced students, students farther along in the program, or recent graduates. These criteria resulted in 15 articles.

Results: We applied what we learned about program design and characteristics in the creation of a voluntary peer-mentoring program for first year students, including purposeful selection and assignment of mentors and mentees along with stated expectations for the type and frequency of mentor/mentee conversations.

Conclusions: More research is needed that addresses a consistent definition of peer mentoring, methodological concerns about research, challenges of these programs, and how certain aspects of peer-mentoring programs relate to program completion rates.

Implications for Theory and/or Practice: Continued investigation into the benefits and challenges of mentoring programs will inform our service to students. Investigation into multiple programs and peer mentoring in the later stages of the doctoral journey will strengthen the extant literature about peer mentoring for doctoral students.
Response Optimization of a Chemical Gas Sensor Array Using Temperature Modulation
Authors: Durán Cristhian , Benjumea Juan , Carrillo Jeniffer
Published: April 2018

This paper consists of the design and implementation of a simple conditioning circuit to optimize the electronic nose performance, where a temperature modulation method was applied to the heating resistor to study the sensor’s response and confirm whether they are able to make the discrimination when exposed to different volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). This study was based on determining the efficiency of the gas sensors with the aim to perform an electronic nose, improving the sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability of the measuring system, selecting the type of modulation (e.g., pulse width modulation) for the analytes detection (i.e., Moscatel wine samples (2% of alcohol) and ethyl alcohol (70%)). The results demonstrated that by using temperature modulation technique to the heating resistors, it is possible to realize the discrimination of VOC’s in fast and easy way through a chemical sensors array. Therefore, a discrimination model based on principal component analysis (PCA) was implemented to each sensor, with data responses obtaining a variance of 94.5% and accuracy of 100%.
A 3D-QSAR Study on the Antitrypanosomal and Cytotoxic Activities of Steroid Alkaloids by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis
Authors: Nnadi Charles Okeke , Althaus Julia Barbara , Nwodo Ngozi Justina , Schmidt Thomas Jürgen
Published: April 2018

As part of our research for new leads against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), we report on a 3D-QSAR study for antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity of aminosteroid-type alkaloids recently isolated from the African medicinal plant Holarrhena africana A. DC. (Apocynaceae), some of which are strong trypanocides against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) with low toxicity against mammalian cells. Fully optimized 3D molecular models of seventeen congeneric Holarrhena alkaloids were subjected to a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). CoMFA models were obtained for both, the anti-Tbr and cytotoxic activity data. Model performance was assessed in terms of statistical characteristics (R2, Q2 and P2 for partial least squares (PLS) regression, internal cross-validation (leave-one-out) and external predictions (test set), respectively, as well as the corresponding SDEP and F-values). With R2=0.99, Q2=0.83 and P2=0.79 for anti-Tbr activity and R2=0.94, Q2=0.64, P2=0.59 for cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts, both models were of good internal and external predictive power. The regression coefficients of the models representing the most prominent steric and electrostatic effects on anti-Tbr and for L6 cytotoxic activity were translated into contour maps and analyzed visually, allowing suggestions for possible modification of the aminosteroids to further increase the antitrypanosomal potency and selectivity. Very interestingly, the 3D-QSAR model established with the Holarrhena alkaloids also applied to the antitrypanosomal activity of two aminocycloartane-type compounds recently isolated by our group from Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), which indicates that these structurally similar natural products share a common SAR and, possibly, mechanism of action with the Holarrhena steroids. This 3D-QSAR study has thus resulted in plausible structural explanations of the antitrypanosomal activity and selectivity of aminosteroid- and aminocycloartane-type alkaloids as an interesting new class of trypanocides and may represent a starting point for lead optimization.
Cognitive Modeling in Intelligence Research: Advantages and Recommendations for their Application
Authors: Frischkorn Gidon T. , Schubert Anna-Lena
Published: April 2018

Mathematical models of cognition measure individual differences in cognitive processes, such as processing speed, working memory capacity, and executive functions, that may underlie general intelligence. As such, cognitive models allow identifying associations between specific cognitive processes and tracking the effect of experimental interventions aimed at the enhancement of intelligence on mediating process parameters. Moreover, cognitive models provide an explicit theoretical formalization of theories regarding specific cognitive process that may help overcoming ambiguities in the interpretation of fuzzy verbal theories. In this paper, we give an overview of the advantages of cognitive modeling in intelligence research and present models in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and selective attention that may be of particular interest for intelligence research. Moreover, we provide guidelines for the application of cognitive models in intelligence research, including data collection, the evaluation of model fit, and statistical analyses.
Filament Advance Detection Sensor for Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printers
Authors: Soriano Heras Enrique , Blaya Haro Fernando , de Agustín del Burgo José María , Islán Marcos Manuel , d´Amato Roberto
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to present a system to detect extrusion failures in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printers by sensing that the filament is moving forward properly. After several years using these kind of machines, authors detected that there is not any system to detect the main problem in FDM machines. Authors thought in different sensors and used the Weighted Objectives Method, one of the most common evaluation methods, for comparing design concepts based on an overall value per design concept. Taking into account the obtained scores of each specification, the best choice for this work is the optical encoder. Once the sensor is chosen, it is necessary to design de part where it will be installed without interfering with the normal function of the machine. To do it, photogrammetry scanning methodology was employed. The developed device perfectly detects the advance of the filament without affecting the normal operation of the machine. Also, it is achieved the primary objective of the system, avoiding loss of material, energy and mechanical wear, keeping the premise of making a low-cost product that does not significantly increase the cost of the machine. This development has made it possible to use the printer with remains coil filament, which were not spent because they were not sufficient to complete an impression and also printing models in two colours with only one extruder.
Multiple Pictures of a Perspective Scene Reveal the Principles of Picture Perception
Authors: Erkelens Casper J.
Published: April 2018

A picture is a powerful and convenient medium for inducing the illusion that one perceives a real three-dimensional scene. The relative invariance of picture perception across viewing positions has aroused the interest of painters, photographers and visual scientists. Many studies have been devoted to perceptual invariance when pictures are viewed from oblique directions. Invariance across viewing distances has received less attention. This study presents a computational analysis of pictures of perspective scenes taken from different distances between camera and physical objects. Distances and directions of pictorial objects were computed as function of viewing distance to the picture and compared with distances and directions of the physical objects as function of camera position. The computations show that pictorial distance and direction are determined by angular size of the depicted objects. Pictorial distance and direction are independent of camera position, focal length of the lens, and picture size. Ratios of pictorial distances, directions and sizes are constant as function of viewing distance. The constant ratios are proposed as the reason for invariance of picture perception over a range of viewing distances. Reanalysis of distance judgments obtained from the literature shows that perspective space, previously proposed as the model for visual space, is also a good model for pictorial space. The geometry of pictorial space contradicts some conceptions about picture perception.
Applications of Double Framed T-Soft Fuzzy Sets in BCK/BCI-Algebras
Authors: Bilal Khan Muhammad , Mahmood Tahir
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is introduced the concept of double framed T-soft fuzzy set (DFT-soft fuzzy set) which is the combination of soft set and fuzzy set. We also defined the notions and apply this concept in BCK/BCI-algebras. By using example, we also discussed the concept of double framed T-soft fuzzy algebra (DFT-soft fuzzy algebra) and double framed B-soft fuzzy algebra (DFB-soft fuzzy algebra) and also investigated their properties. Each double framed T-soft fuzzy algebra is double framed B-soft fuzzy algebra but by using example, we proved that converse may or may not be possible.
New Compositions of Metal-Working Coolants for Brass Rolling
Authors: Avdeenko Anatoly P. , Fedorynov Mykhailo V. , Dašić Predrag V. , Turmanidze Raul , Burmistrov Konstantin S. , Toropin Nikolay V. , Konovalova Svetlana A.
Published: April 2018

The efficiency of cold steel rolling depends mainly on the quality of the metal-working coolant (MWC) and its cost. In this connection, it is actual to search for new compositions of lubricants and emulsions, which provide the lowest values of the friction coefficients in deformation zone and are obtained by waste recycling in other industries. In this study we have developed new compositions of the MWC on basis of mono- and diglycerides and their esters of boric acid synthesized from the wastes of sunflower oil production. The new compositions of MWC were tested in DSEA on laboratory rolling mill 100x100 with a roll diameter of 100 mm. The efficiency of new MWC during cold rolling of brass L63 samples was determined by factor of metal stretch forming λ. We found the new metal-working coolants to show the most efficiency under higher cobbing that provides the highest metal stretch forming. The composition with 30 % of mono- and diglycerides is the most effective because it provides the minimum coefficient of friction that leads to increase of factor of metal stretch forming. Thereby the metal-working coolants on basis of mono- and diglycerides obtained from the wastes of sunflower oil production can be recommended for use in strip rolling of copper-zinc alloys because of a low cost, availability and high efficiency.
Duality Based Risk Mitigation Method for Construction of Joint Hydro-Wind Coordination Short-Run Marginal Cost Curves
Authors: Ilak Perica , Rajšl Ivan , Đaković Josip , Delimar Marko
Published: April 2018

This study analyses the short-run hydro generation scheduling for the wind power differences from the contracted schedule. The approach for construction of the joint short-run marginal cost curve for the hydro-wind coordinated generation is proposed and applied on the real example. This joint short-run marginal cost (SRMC) curve is important for its participation in the energy markets and for economic feasibility assessment of such coordination. The approach credibly describes the short-run marginal costs which this coordination bears in “real life”. The approach is based on the duality framework of a convex programming and as a novelty combines the shadow price of risk mitigation capability and the water shadow price. The proposed approach is formulated as a stochastic linear program and tested on the case of the Vinodol hydropower system and the wind farm Vrataruša in Croatia. The result of the case study is a family of 24 joint short-run marginal cost curves.
The Zeros of the Dirichlet Beta Function Encode the Odd Primes and Have Real Part 1/2
Authors: Lander Anthony
Published: April 2018

It is well known that the primes and prime powers have a deep relationship with the nontrivial zeros of Riemann’s zeta function. This is a reciprocal relationship. The zeros and the primes are encoded in each other and are reciprocally recoverable. Riemann’s zeta is an extended or continued version of Euler’s zeta function which in turn equates with Euler’s product formula over the primes. This paper shows that the zeros of the converging Dirichlet or Catalan beta function, which requires no continuation to be valid in the critical strip, can be easily determined. The imaginary parts of these zeros have a deep and reciprocal relationship with the odd primes and odd prime powers. This relationship separates the odd primes into those having either 1 or 3 as a remainder after division by 4. The vector pathway of the beta function is such that the real part of its zeros has to be a half.
The Impact of Clinical Features on Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel for Metastatic Gastro-Oesophageal Junction/ Gastric Cancer: Data of a Real Life Experience in an Italian Institution
Authors: Vita Emanuele , Strippoli Antonia , Di Noia Vincenzo , Di Dio Carmela , Zurlo Valeria , Basso Michele , D'Argento Ettore , Giovanni Schinzari , Barone Carlo , Cassano Alessandra
Published: April 2018

The RAINBOW Phase III study established the efficacy of the combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), as second-line therapy. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients treated with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel at our Institution to evaluate the impact of clinical heterogeneous figures on the efficacy and safety of this combination paclitaxel/ramucirumab in a real- life cohort of patients. After a median follow-up of 10.74 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months (95% CI: 3.04 - 5,63). Disease control rate (DCR) was 61% and the median duration of response (DOR) was 5.8 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.3 months. A trend toward better outcome was observed in HER2 positive patients. In multivariate analysis, nutritional status (p = 0.0001) and number of metastatic sites (p = 0.0266) resulted significantly related with longer PFS. Our analysis confirmed the efficacy and safety of the combination of ramucirumab with paclitaxel also in the real-life practice and the median PFS is significantly longer than that reported for Western population in previous studies. Subgroup analysis confirms the key-role of nutritional status as prognostic factor and suggests a possible interaction between EGF and angiogenesis pathways that deserves further investigations.
Cross-Modal Multistep Fusion Network with Co-Attention for Visual Question Answering
Authors: Lao Mingrui , Guo Yanming , Wang Hui , Zhang Xin
Published: April 2018

Visual question answering (VQA) is receiving increasing attention from researchers in both the computer vision and natural language processing fields. There are two key components in the VQA task: feature extraction and multi-modal fusion. For feature extraction, we introduce a novel co-attention scheme by combining Sentence-guide Word Attention (SWA) and Question-guide Image Attention (QIA) in a unified framework. To be specific, the textual attention SWA relies on the semantics of the whole question sentence to calculate contributions of different question words for text representation. For the multi-modal fusion, we propose a “Cross-modal Multistep Fusion (CMF)” network to generate multistep features and achieve multiple interactions for two modalities, rather than focusing on modeling complex interactions between two modals like most current feature fusion methods. To avoid the linear increase of the computational cost, we share the parameters for each step in the CMF. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve competitive or better performance than the state-of-the-art.
Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply
Authors: Li Jing , Hansson Lars-Anders , Persson Kenneth M.
Published: April 2018

Control of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays a significant role in preventing cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This study aimed at evaluating changes in the risk of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and advancing the understanding of how N and P affect the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake, Lake Vombsjön, in southern Sweden. Statistical analysis was used to demonstrate the pattern of cyanobacterial blooms, that the highest content present in September and the later that algal blooms occur, the more likely it is a cyanobacterial bloom as cyanobacteria became dominating in October and November (90%). Two hypothesises tested in Lake Vombsjön confirmed namely that a high total phosphorus (TP) level correlates with an abundance of cyanobacteria and that low N:P ratio (total nitrogen/total phosphorus < 20) favours the growth of cyanobacteria. To control the growth of cyanobacteria in Lake Vombsjön, the TP level should be kept below 20 µg/L and the N:P ratio be maintained at a level of over 20. The two species Planktothrix agardhii, and Pseudanabaena spp. should be carefully monitored especially in late autumn. Future work should consider any high degree of leakage from the sediment of the dissolved phosphorus available there.
The Environmental Protection Agency in the Early Trump Administration: Prelude to Regulatory Capture
Authors: Dillon Lindsey , Sellers Christopher , Underhill Vivian , Shapiro Nicholas , Ohayon Jennifer Liss , Sullivan Marianne , Brown Phil , Harrison Jill , Wylie Sara ,   the “EPA Under Siege” Writing Group
Published: April 2018

We explore and contextualize changes at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over the first 6 months of the Trump administration, arguing that its pro-business direction is enabling a form of regulatory capture. We draw on news articles, public documents, and a rapid response, multisited interview study of current and retired EPA employees to (1) document changes associated with the new administration, (2) contextualize and compare the current pro-business makeover with previous ones, and (3) publicly convey findings in a timely manner.

The lengthy, combined experience of interviewees with previous Republican and Democratic administrations made them valuable analysts for assessing recent shifts at the Scott Pruitt–led EPA and the extent to which these shifts steer the EPA away from its stated mission to “protect human and environmental health.” Considering the extent of its pro-business leanings in the absence of mitigating power from the legislative branch, we conclude that its regulatory capture has become likely—more so than at similar moments in the agency’s 47-year history.

The public and environmental health consequences of regulatory capture of the EPA will probably be severe and far-reaching.
Sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro e transição demográfica: crescimento e perfil etário
Authors: Giacomelli Giana , Chiapinoto Fabiane , Marion Filho Pascoal José
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o ritmo de crescimento da população brasileira de 2000 a 2010 e descrever o perfil etário dos beneficiários do setor de saúde suplementar. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva baseada em dados da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados: A população de 50 a 59 anos é a que mais cresceu no Brasil (47,25%) e o número de idosos (60 anos ou mais) aumentou 41,65%, entre 2000 e 2010. No mesmo período, os beneficiários do sistema de saúde suplementar aumentaram 43,73%, e 54,60% deles moram nas regiões mais ricas do País, Sudeste e Sul. Conclusão: A expansão do número de beneficiários do sistema de saúde suplementar está mais acelerada do que o crescimento da população, e isso pode ser explicado pela maior proporção da população em idade ativa, a qual se beneficia de contratos coletivos empresariais de planos de saúde.
O setor de saúde pública em Teresina: uma análise dos gastos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no período de 2003 a 2015
Authors: Silva Darlan , Lima Edivane
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição dos gastos do Sistema Único de Saúde em Teresina (PI) no período de 2003 a 2015. Especificamente, realiza-se revisão de literatura sobre sistemas de saúde, economia da saúde e coleta de dados sobre os gastos em saúde, e identifica-se a distribuição dos gastos com os serviços de saúde. Métodos: Foi utilizado o Índice de Gini como medida apropriada para a mensuração da distribuição dos gastos com os serviços de assistência à saúde. A pesquisa se justifica devido à importância que o setor de saúde tem assumido no contexto econômico piauiense e pela escassez de estudos acadêmicos sobre economia da saúde. Resultados: Mostram que Teresina tem concentrado maior participação dos gastos com saúde nos serviços de assistência hospitalar e ambulatorial, sendo o Índice de Gini dos gastos totais em saúde igual a 0,314, portanto com baixa concentração. Conclusão: A pesquisa conclui que os gastos com saúde estão dispersos de forma desigual ao longo do tempo entre as subfunções, justificados, em parte, pela rápida elevação dos gastos com os serviços de saúde em Teresina.
Desigualdade social e em saúde no Brasil: a telemedicina como instrumento de mitigação em João Pessoa-PB
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso referente ao uso de telemedicina como instrumento de mitigação das desigualdades em saúde no município de João Pessoa (Paraíba). A adoção da telemedicina vem sendo constantemente ampliada e abrange a interconexão de banco de dados e diversos equipamentos do complexo de saúde. Seu uso intensivo ocorre em regiões ricas e com alta complexidade dos serviços de saúde. O caso analisado envolveu o ensino a distância ofertado pela Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa do Hospital Sírio-Libanês para a formação de agentes de regulação em saúde em João Pessoa. A organização do estudo, além de envolver questionários semiestruturados, abrangeu a utilização da regionalização de saúde construída de acordo com as Comissões Intergestoras Regionais (CIR) de modo a evidenciar as características socioeconômicas e de oferta e complexidade dos serviços de saúde de João Pessoa. Os resultados do estudo de caso foram positivos e demonstraram que os recursos da telemedicina são úteis em regiões carentes, como João Pessoa, e não apenas para interligação de agentes e equipamentos situados nos centros urbanos mais desenvolvidos do país. Ao final, também são apresentadas sugestões de políticas na área da telemedicina.
Análise do desempenho dos hospitais em parceria público privada no Serviço Nacional de Saúde português
Authors: Nunes Alexandre , Matos Andreia
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho dos hospitais em regime de parceria público-privada (PPP) no serviço Nacional de Saúde Português, entre os anos 2013 e 2016. Métodos: Para a medição do desempenho recorreu-se à Análise Envulória de Dados e ao conceito de supereficiência definido por Andersen e Petersen (1993), que considera a variação da eficiência entre as unidades, estabelecendo um sistema de benchmarking catalogando as unidades mais e menos eficientes em cada ano. A população-alvo foram os quatro hospitais PPP (Hospital de Cascais, Loures, Braga e Vila Franca de Xira). Os dados de custos e da produção realizada foram obtidos através da revisão crítica da literatura (relatórios de gestão do Ministério da Saúde). Resultados: 75% dos hospitais PPP foram considerados eficientes. A unidade cuja gestão mostrou ser mais eficiente no ano 2013 foi o Hospital de Braga, tendo sido mais eficiente o Hospital de Loures nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Conclusões: Dos resultados obtidos, verifica-se que os hospitais PPP não foram sempre eficientes como expectado.
“Será que vai aparecer um boy na sua vida?”: análise linguística do discurso de autoajuda para adolescentes
Authors: Aranha Marize Barros Rocha , Carvalho Cláuberson Correa
Published: April 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar o discurso de autoajuda para adolescentes sob uma perspectiva linguística. Ancorou-se em estudos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, mais precisamente na perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva desenvolvida por Dominique Maingueneau (2008b, 2008c, 2013). Examinou-se como as manobras linguísticas desse discurso promovem efeitos de sentidos estratégicos para os sujeitos da enunciação. Para tanto, selecionaram-se aleatoriamente como corpus três edições publicadas pela revista Capricho entre janeiro e março de 2015. A análise focalizou seções cuja cenografia é claramente de autoajuda: comportamento, horóscopo, sexo, moda, beleza. Os resultados apontam que o ethos do discurso de autoajuda para adolescentes reclama efeitos de autoridade, na manifestação de certeza e verdade que caracteriza o seu domínio, e de espontaneidade, em busca de envolvimento.
Ecolalia e música: a linguagem no autismo
Authors: Monteiro de Carvalho Gloria Maria , Vilar de Melo Maria de Fátima
Published: April 2018

Pretendemos abordar a ecolalia no autismo como uma manifestação da resistência oferecida pelo corpo da criança à perda do som, isto é, à implantação do significante, partindo da posição psicanalítica segundo a qual, para se tornar falante, a criança precisa perder/esquecer/recalcar a dimensão sonora da voz e conservar o sentido, o que, entretanto, somente ocorre se essa dimensão se mantém no sujeito como inscrição significante. Nesse sentido, adotamos a proposta de que a dimensão sonora da voz do outro poderia aprisionar a criança, constituindo um obstáculo a sua trajetória linguística, mas, ao mesmo tempo, seria por meio dessa dimensão sonora que se poderia indicar uma saída para esse aprisionamento. A título de ilustração, foram discutidos alguns episódios que contêm manifestações verbais de um menino com hipótese de autismo. Propomos, então, que manifestações musicais como, por exemplo, as canções, poderiam favorecer, na criança com autismo, um retorno da musicalidade da voz materna, com suas dimensões de continuidade e descontinuidade. Por sua vez, tal retorno talvez pudesse propiciar alguma ruptura na continuidade sonora incorporada por essa criança, fazendo face à resistência que seu corpo opõe à implantação do significante.
A alegria paradoxal: o riso carnavalesco como filosofia trágica
Authors: Tarantini Silvestri Kátia Vanesssa
Published: April 2018

A alegria paradoxal é tema deste artigo. Uma ligação é feita entre os movimentos populares e protestos ocorridos desde 2013 no Brasil com o conceito de carnavalização, alegria paradoxal e a filosofia trágica. O corpus se compõe de um exemplo de manifestação popular; de uma análise de um discurso humorístico (stand up) e de análise de um programa de humor televisivo. A metodologia adotada é a dialógica de cotejamento, na qual tudo dialoga com tudo. O entendimento da ligação entre política inorgânica e carnavalização terá sua fundamentação na filosofia trágica e na alegria paradoxal. A carnavalização e ambivalência do riso carnavalesco são defesa de uma política inorgânica nas entranhas das manifestações populares.