bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: back to the future
Authors: van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Richardson Paul G. , Malavasi Fabio
Published: November 2017

CD38 is highly and uniformly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and at relatively low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells, and in some tissues of nonhematopoietic origin. CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with ectoenzymatic activity, and also functions as a receptor and adhesion molecule. Altogether, this has triggered the development of several CD38 antibodies including daratumumab (fully human), isatuximab (chimeric), and MOR202 (fully human). CD38 antibodies have pleiotropic mechanisms of action including Fc-dependent immune-effector mechanisms, direct apoptotic activity, and immunomodulatory effects by the elimination of CD38+ immune-suppressor cells. CD38-targeting antibodies are generally well tolerated and induce partial response or better in ∼30% of heavily pretreated MM patients as monotherapy. Based on their distinct mechanisms of action, favorable toxicity profile, and single-agent activity, CD38 antibodies are attractive partners in combination regimens. Indeed, deep responses and prolonged progression-free survival can be achieved in relapsed/refractory MM patients when CD38 antibodies are combined with immunomodulatory agents or proteasome inhibitors. Infusion-related reactions, which typically occur during the first infusion, are the most frequent adverse events. Attention should also be paid to the interference of CD38 antibodies with certain laboratory assays, which may complicate response evaluation and blood compatibility testing. Several studies are currently examining the role of CD38-based therapies in newly diagnosed and high-risk smoldering MM. Furthermore, CD38 antibodies are currently also under investigation in other hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia, as well as in solid tumors.
Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB: mechanistic rationale, clinical results, and future strategies
Authors: Chester Cariad , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Wang Jun , Melero Ignacio
Published: November 2017

4-1BB (CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is an inducible costimulatory receptor expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells. 4-1BB ligation on T cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules, cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector function. In dysfunctional T cells that have a decreased cytotoxic capacity, 4-1BB ligation demonstrates a potent ability to restore effector functions. On NK cells, 4-1BB signaling can increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB have been developed to harness 4-1BB signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical results in a variety of induced and spontaneous tumor models suggest that targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies can lead to tumor clearance and durable antitumor immunity. Clinical trials of 2 agonist antibodies, urelumab and utomilumab, are ongoing. Despite initial signs of efficacy, clinical development of urelumab has been hampered by inflammatory liver toxicity at doses >1 mg/kg. Utomilumab has a superior safety profile, but is a less potent 4-1BB agonist relative to urelumab. Both antibodies have demonstrated promising results in patients with lymphoma and are being tested in combination therapy trials with other immunomodulatory agents. In an effort to optimally leverage 4-1BB–mediated immune activation, the next generation of 4-1BB targeting strategies attempts to decouple the observed antitumor efficacy from the on-target liver toxicity. Multiple therapeutics that attempt to restrict 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment and minimize systemic exposure have emerged. 4-1BB is a compelling target for cancer immunotherapy and future agents show great promise for achieving potent immune activation while avoiding limiting immune-related adverse events.
PD-1 expression and clinical PD-1 blockade in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Xu-Monette Zijun Y. , Zhou Jianfeng , Young Ken H.
Published: November 2017

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade targeting the PD-1 immune checkpoint has demonstrated unprecedented clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancers including hematologic malignancies. This article reviews the landscape of PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and current PD-1 blockade immunotherapy trials in B-cell lymphomas. Most notably, in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, which frequently has increased PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, 9p24.1 genetic alteration, and high PD-L1 expression, anti-PD-1 monotherapy has demonstrated remarkable objective response rates (ORRs) of 65% to 87% and durable disease control in phase 1/2 clinical trials. The median duration of response was 16 months in a phase 2 trial. PD-1 blockade has also shown promise in a phase 1 trial of nivolumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma, which often displays abundant PD-1 expression on intratumoral T cells, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which variably expresses PD-1 and PD-L1. In primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, which frequently has 9p24.1 alterations, the ORR was 35% in a phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab. In contrast, the ORR with pembrolizumab was 0% in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 44% in CLL with Richter transformation in a phase 2 trial. T cells from CLL patients have elevated PD-1 expression; CLL PD-1+ T cells can exhibit a pseudo-exhaustion or a replicative senescence phenotype. PD-1 expression was also found in marginal zone lymphoma but not in mantle cell lymphoma, although currently anti-PD-1 clinical trial data are not available. Mechanisms and predictive biomarkers for PD-1 blockade immunotherapy, treatment-related adverse events, hyperprogression, and combination therapies are discussed in the context of B-cell lymphomas.
Low Cardiac Output Syndrome After Adult Cardiac Surgery: Predictive Value of Peak Systolic Global Longitudinal Strain
Authors: Amabili Philippe , Benbouchta Sabeha , Roediger Laurence , Senard Marc , Hubert Marie Bernard , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Brichant Jean-François , Hans Gregory A.
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

Peak systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS) is increasingly used to quantify left ventricular systolic function. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether GLS obtained during intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram, performed before cardiopulmonary bypass, improves the prediction of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after adult cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

GLS from 275 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery was calculated retrospectively using two-dimensional– speckle tracking echocardiography (aCMQ module from Qlab software version 10.5, Philips Medical, Brussels, Belgium). LCOS was defined as the need for inotropic or mechanical circulatory support for >24 hours postoperatively. Patient and procedure characteristics associated with LCOS at the univariable level (P ≤ .05) were entered into a forward stepwise logistic regression to create a first predictive model. A second model was created by adding GLS. The 2 models were compared using the likelihood-ratio test, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the integrated discrimination index. The optimal cutoff value of GLS associated with LCOS was determined by maximizing the Youden index of the ROC curve. Secondary outcomes included time until complete weaning from inotropes, discharge from the intensive care unit and from the hospital, and 30-day mortality.

RESULTS:

GLS was significantly associated with LCOS (P < .001) at the univariable level. Predictors of LCOS retained in the first model were cardiopulmonary bypass duration, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral valve surgery, and New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Adding the GLS value improved the prediction of LCOS (P = .02). However, the area under the ROC curve did not differ between the 2 models (0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.99 vs 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.90; P = .15). The integrated discrimination index associated with addition of GLS was 0.02 (P = .046), meaning that the difference in predicted risk between patients with and without LCOS increased by 2% after adding GLS. A GLS cutoff value of −17% (95% CI, −18.8% to −15.3%) was found to best identify LCOS. After adjusting for covariates included in model 1, a lower GLS value was significantly associated with a lower cumulative probability of weaning from inotropes postoperatively (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97; P = .01). No association was found between GLS and other secondary outcome measures.

CONCLUSIONS:

GLS is an independent predictor of LCOS after on-pump cardiac surgery. Its incremental value over other established risk factors for postoperative LCOS is, however, limited.
Accurate detection of chemical modifications in RNA by mutational profiling (MaP) with ShapeMapper 2
Authors: Busan Steven , Weeks Kevin M.
Published: November 2017

Mutational profiling (MaP) enables detection of sites of chemical modification in RNA as sequence changes during reverse transcription (RT), subsequently read out by massively parallel sequencing. We introduce ShapeMapper 2, which integrates careful handling of all classes of adduct-induced sequence changes, sequence variant correction, basecall quality filters, and quality-control warnings to now identify RNA adduct sites as accurately as achieved by careful manual analysis of electrophoresis data, the prior highest-accuracy standard. MaP and ShapeMapper 2 provide a robust, experimentally concise, and accurate approach for reading out nucleic acid chemical probing experiments.
Effects of sticky traps on Dacnusa sibirica, Diglyphus isaea and Nesidiocoris tenuis
Authors: Perdikis Dionysios Ch. , Arvaniti Konstantina A , Papadimitriou Dimitrios M
Published: November 2017

The potential of commonly used sticky traps (yellow, blue and transparent) to attract the two major natural enemies of the leaf miners, Dacnusa sibirica Telenga (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was recorded. In addition, we studied their efficacy to capture the effective predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) which in high population levels may cause damage on tomato crop. The captures of D. sibirica and D. isaea were negligible. Captures of N. tenuis adults were significantly higher on yellow and blue colour traps than on transparent traps. The difference of captures between yellow and blue traps was not significant. Furthermore, the effectiveness on N. tenuis was much increased when the traps were established next to the tomato plant apex. The results show that the use of coloured sticky traps and release of the leafminer parasitoids may be combined. Furthermore, it was clearly shown that sticky traps may not be compatible with the release of the generalist predator N. tenuis; however, yellow and blue traps should be further evaluated for its mass trapping.
Population fluctuation of Phyllocnistis citrella and its parasi-toids in two citrus species in Western Crete (Greece)
Authors: Kalaitzaki A. P. , Tsagkarakis A. E. , Lykouressis D. P.
Published: November 2017

Population fluctuation, percentage of parasitism and parasitoid species composition of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were studied in a citrus orchard with orange and mandarin trees in Chania (Greece), in 1999, three years after the release of the in-troduced parasitoids Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan), Quadrastichus sp., Semielacher petiolatus (Girault), Cirrospilus quadristriatus (Subba Rao and Ramamani) and Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya. Results showed that significantly more P. citrella individuals per leaf were recorded on orange than on mandarin trees. Regarding the parasitoid complex composition, the exotic species C. phyllocnistoides, S. petiolatus and Quadrastichus sp., as well as the natives Pnigalio pectinicornis L. and Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) were recorded. Among them, C. phyllocnistoides was the most abundant, followed by S. petiolatus. The average percentage of parasitism reached 17% and 22% on orange and mandarin, respectively.
Selection of Macrolophus melanotoma between its main non-crop host plant (Dittrichia viscosa) and eggplant, pepper and tomato, in choice experiments
Authors: Lykouressis D. , Perdikis D. , Kallioras Ch.
Published: November 2017

The host plant selection of the predator Macrolophus melanotoma (Costa) (=M. caliginosus Wagner) (Hemiptera: Miridae) was studied between: i) its major non-crop host plant, Dittrichia viscosa L. (W. Greuter) (Asteraceae) and the solanaceous plants eggplant, pepper and tomato, and ii) between eggplant, pepper and tomato, in choice experiments. The experiments were performed in cages where two potted plants without prey were placed. In each replicate, an adult predator was released in the centre of the cage or on the solanaceous plant. The position of the released predator in each cage was recorded at intervals of 20min, 1, 2, and 24h after its introduction. The results showed that M. melanotoma had a high selection preference rate for its origin host plant (D. viscosa) irrespectively of the solanaceous plant that was present in the cage. The experiments investigating the relative preference of M. melanotoma when given access only to solanaceous plants revealed that it preferred eggplant at higher rates than pepper and tomato. These data indicate that M. melanotoma originating from D. viscosa patches might have a very low potential to colonize pepper or tomato crops in the open field. However, its potential to colonize eggplant crops should be further evaluated.
Nonlinear models for describing development and fecundity of the pseudococcid predators Nephus includens and Nephus bisignatus
Authors: Kontodimas Dimitrios Ch.
Published: November 2017

Among several mathematical models used to describe the development or the fecundity of insects the equations of Enkegaard, Analytis, Bieri 1 and Bieri 2 could describe both biological features. In the current study these equations used to describe the development and fecundity of two pseudococcid predators [Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)] preying on Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) at constant temperatures (15oC - 35oC). All models have goodness of fit to data especially for development [R2 adj, RSS and AIC ranged 0.9908-0.9996, 0.0019-89.1752 (x10-4), and (-75.43) – (-31.07) respectively]. Optimum temperature (Topt) and upper threshold (Tmax) were calculated accurately by all models (Topt ranged 32.6-34.0oC for N. includens and 30.0-30.6oC for N. bisignatus and Tmax ranged 35.0-38.8oC for N. includens and 33.1-36.0oC for N. bisignatus, respectively). Lower temperature threshold (Tmin) was calculated accurately by Bieri-1 model (11.0 and 10.0oC for N. includens and N. bisignatus respectively) whereas Analytis model underestimated it (8.0 and 4.9oC). As far as fecundity is concerned the respective values were better fitted near the optimum temperature (25oC) [R2 adj, RSS and AIC ranged 0.8246-0.9704, 9.2729-24.0736 and (-246.82) – (-115.34) respectively]. Conclusively, from the tested models the Bieri-1 equation was proved as the most appropriate for the reason that could estimate correctly all the requested parameters concerning the development (Tmin, Topt, Tmax) as well as it could describe sufficiently the fecundity trend of the two predators.
First record of Siphoninus phillyreae on pomegranate in Greece
Authors: Tsagkarakis Antonios E.
Published: November 2017

On June 2012, the ash whitefly Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was recorded for the first time on pomegranate in Greece. Its occurrence was observed in a pomegranate orchard at Kato Tithorea, in Fthiotida. Information on its morphology, biology and distribution is presented.
Two aphid species newly introduced in Greece
Authors: Margaritopoulos J. T. , Papapanagiotou A. P. , Voudouris C. Ch. , Kati A. , Blackman R. L.
Published: November 2017

In this paper we report two aphid species as new records for the Greek and the European aphid fauna. The species are Aphis odinae (van der Goot) and Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The former was found on Pittosporum spp. in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, and the latter on Sorghum halepense (L.) in Messolonghi, southern Greece, and also in Thessaloniki. Heavy infestations in Pittosporum trees by A. odinae have not been observed and M. sorghi was not detected in cultivated sorghum or maize in the few inspections we made. Thus, according to our inspections neither of these species is as yet of economic importance in Greece. These two species increase the number of aphid species recorded in Greece to 335.
Comparison of two types of pheromone traps for the capture of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
Authors: Aggelakopoulos K. , Alissandrakis E. , Kollaros D. , Liantraki Z.
Published: November 2017

This work presents the results of the comparison of two pheromone traps for the capture of the red palm weevil. Trap A was a yellow funnel trap with green top, while trap B was a yellow pitfall trap, both equipped with pheromone. The experiment took place at Sissi and Milatos villages of Lasithi prefecture, mid-North coastline of Crete, from March 2009 to February 2010. The total number of traps deployed at each sampling varied between 24 and 36 due to various disturbances (trap loss, dirt in traps etc.). In each location, always both trap types were present. A total of 3139 adults of red palm weevil were captured during the trials. Temporal variability shows similar pattern for both trap types, as well as for both sexes. Type A traps captured 1376 insects with a ratio of 1♂ to 3.40♀, while type “B” captured 1763 insects with a ratio of 1♂ to 3.15♀. ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two traps in the number of catches (Trap A: 38.22 insects per fortnight /trap, Traps B: 48.97 insects per fortnight /trap). Comparing females and males of both trap types as separate groups, the statistical significance is more profound. At Sissi on average 1.61 males and 5.32 females were captured per fortnight/trap, with an average male to female ratio of 1:3.30, being 1♂: 3.85♀ for type A traps and 1♂: 2.94♀ for type B traps. At Milatos 1.33 males and 4.04 females per trap were recorded and the male to female ratio was 1:3.04, this ratio being 1♂:2.36♀ and 1♂:3.86♀ for type A and B traps respectively. Impressively high captures (more than 150 up to almost 250 in traps of B type and from almost 150 up to more than 350 in traps of A type) were observed from September 2009 to January 2010 with a peak of 356 and 240 on January the 15th for both A and B type traps.
Integument of soft scale insects and the invasion of the pathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii
Authors: Xie Y. , Liu W. , Xue J. , Peng G. , Han Z. , Zhang Y.
Published: November 2017

In order to understand how the entomopathogenic fungi infect soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), the integument of four species, namely Ceroplastes japonicus Green, Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius, Rhodococcus sariuoni Borchsenius and Coccus hesperidum L. were infected with the pathogenic fungus, Lecanicillium lecanii, strain NO. 3.4504. The invasion process was studied using the electron microscopy and chemical analyses methods. The results showed that the fungal conidia easily become attached on the surface of the cuticle, especially the sites with furrows and ridges. The hyphae penetrate the integument using mechanical force and also by the cuticle degradation by the extracellular enzymes. The fungal penetration results in the structural anamorphosis and disruption of chitin in the procuticle, causing damage and separation of cuticle from the epidermis with wax gland cells. The rise in fungal protease activity occurs prior to the production of chitinase and the activity values correlate with the quantities of the protein and chitin contained in the cuticle of the target scale insects.
Scanning electron microscope observations on the multilocular disc-pores and dermal projections of adult female Porphyrophora tritici and P. cynodonti
Authors: Vahedi Η.Α. , Gholami Mahfar F.
Published: November 2017

The morphology of the multilocular disc-pores from the anterior part of the body (abdominal segments I-III and all thoracic segments, dorso-venterally) of two species of Porphyrophora (P. tritici and P. cynodontis: Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The multilocular disc-pores of both species have 1 or 2 (rarely 3) rings of evenly or unevenly distributed loculi but the more central rings are almost always incomplete. Each outer ring of the more anterior disc-pores of P. tritici was complete, with 5- 13 loculi, and the inner ring had 0-4 unevenly distributed loculi. Each disc-pore of P. cynodontis had a complete outer ring of 6-9 evenly distributed loculi and an inner ring with only 0-1 loculi. A bright central zone is absent in most cases. These two species are similar in that both have a dense network of small, globular projections throughout the derm surface. These observations are discussed in relation to those of light microscope studies.
Species richness and host-plant diversity are positively correlated in Coccidae
Authors: Lin Y.P. , Gullan P.J. , Cook L.G.
Published: November 2017

The interactions between insect herbivores and their hosts are among the most fundamental biological associations. Although there are many data available on the host associations of scale insects, there have been few attempts to synthesize the available information. Here we examine host associations of Coccidae, the third most species-rich family of scale insects. We compare host-plant data for most species of coccids that were available from online databases, especially ScaleNet, and the literature, with species richness estimates for host-plant families. Similar to most insect groups, coccids showed high host specialization with about 64% of species recorded from only a single plant family. Analysis of the relationship between species richness of host-plant families and the number of species of coccids recorded on these plants showed a significant positive correlation between host-plant species richness per angiosperm plant family and coccid species richness (P < 0.0001). This is expected under a null model in which host use is randomly distributed across families according to plant species richness of the families. However, the presence of several exceptions (Orchidaceae and Asteraceae in particular) warns that host associations in coccids might be more complex than the correlation analysis suggests.
Preliminary inventory of scale insects on mango trees in Benin
Authors: Germain J.-F. , Vayssieres J.-F. , Matile-Ferrero D.
Published: November 2017

A preliminary inventory of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) developing on the mango tree is presented for Northern and Central Benin. The following species, Gigantococcus euphorbiae, Gigantococcus nigroareolatus, Ceroplastes uapacae, Parasaissetia nigra, Saissetia privigna, Udinia catori, Ferrisia virgata, Paracoccus interceptus, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Rastrococcus invadens, Aonidiella orientalis and Lepidosaphes tapleyi, were collected from 2005 to 2007 in mango orchards in the Sudanian area of Benin, on branches, leaves, and particularly on mango petioles and fruits. Nine of these species are recorded for the first time in Benin while P. interceptus is recorded in Africa for the first time. Only two, R. invadens and A. orientalis, of the 12 species are considered as mango pests.
The Bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus, a rapid invader from South America to Europe
Authors: Beltrà A. , Soto A. , Germain J.-F. , Matile-Ferrero D. , Mazzeo G. , Pellizzari G. , Russo A. , Franco J.C. , Williams D.J.
Published: November 2017

Scale insects are frequent invaders of new territories. The Bougainvillea mealybug, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, 2007, was recorded in Europe for the first time in 1999 in Spain (Almeria) and later in 2002 in Italy (Sicily). Initially, this unknown species was identified provisionally as Phenacoccus sp. Records of this species became frequent later when it was found in other localities in Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Great Britain, France (including Corsica), Monaco, and Portugal. The host plants of this mealybug were in most cases species of Bougainvillea.
Annotated list of the scale insects of Guatemala
Authors: Williams Michael L.
Published: November 2017

An annotated checklist of the soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is given for the Central American country of Guatemala. Host and locality data is presented for each species, along with notes on its taxonomic status. The list was developed from study of materials collected in Guatemala by the author and others during the years 1990-2007, and from a review of the literature and records and slide material in the United States National Museum Coccoidea Collection. A study of these materials has increased the number of soft scale insects currently known from Guatemala to 29 species belonging to 23 genera. Guatemala currently ranks second in the number of soft scale insects known from Central American countries below Panama, which has 36 recorded species belonging to 18 genera.
Obituary: Uzi Nur (12.6.1928-20.6.2007)
Authors: Normark B.B. , Ross L.
Published: November 2017

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Extract of olive fruit fly males (Diptera: Tephritidae) attract virgin females
Authors: Mavraganis V.G. , Papadopoulos N.T. , Kouloussis N.A.
Published: November 2017

Research conducted during the past three decades suggests that in contrast to most other tephritid fruit flies, in which sexual pheromones are produced by males, the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) relies for its sexual communication on a pheromone that is produced by females. However, our present study suggests that virgin, mature females are attracted to male odors. In olfactometer assays extracts of male bodies obtained with a two-solvent system of methanol and dichloromethane were highly attractive to virgin females. This was observed during the last two hours of the photophase, when males are sexually active, but not during the first hours of the photophase, or when mated females were tested. Extracts of male bodies obtained with diethyl ether were also attractive to virgin females, albeit not as strongly as the two-solvent extracts. These results strongly indicate that males of the olive fruit fly elicit attraction to virgin females based on olfactory stimuli. The importance of these findings for understanding the sexual behavior of the olive fruit fly is discussed.
Efficacy and speed of action of selected plant protection products on Lymantria dispar in laboratory conditions
Authors: Zartaloudis Z.D. , Kalapanida M.D. , Navrozidis E.I.
Published: November 2017

In this study some selected insecticides were evaluated for their effect on gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under laboratory conditions. Diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, triflumuron, fenoxycarb, fenoxycarb + lufenuron, Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. kurstaki + Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and spinosad were used in the recommended concentration, against the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instars of L. dispar. The effectiveness of the above insecticides as well as the speed of action (LTime50 and LTime90) expressed in days, were examined in detail. Spinosad and methoxyfenozide presents a relatively higher speed of action in relation to the other insecticides. LTime50 of spinosad and methoxyfenozide did not differ significantly among the first three larval instars and ranged from 0 to 0.61 and 1.13 to 1.74 days, respectively. Regarding IGRs, the mixture (fenoxycarb + lufenuron) and triflumuron were the most effective in relation to the other IGRs tested. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins were effective only against the first two larval instars.
Preliminary studies for the attract-and-kill strategy against Culex pipiens
Authors: Kioulos E. , Koliopoulos G. , Couladouros E. A. , Michaelakis A.
Published: November 2017

The attract-and-kill strategy requires an intelligent and an efficient combination of an attractant and a killing agent such as a pheromone and an insecticide respectively. The production of the synthetic oviposition pheromone of the mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) was already achieved and its combination with three different insecticides were tested. Furthermore three larvicides, an insect growth regulator (pyriproxyfen), an organophosphate (temephos) and a microbial (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) were tested in the laboratory against Culex pipiens biotype molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) as agents that can keep water free from mosquito larvae. Larvicidal activity, over a 50-day period, revealed good results primary for temephos and secondary for pyriproxyfen. Temephos killed all the hatched larvae (100%) while pyriproxyfen was effective the first five days (>90%) and for the following days mortality was in a rate between 60 and 80%. The results from oviposition bioassays revealed that except temephos all the tested larvicidals repel gravid females of laying eggs for the first two days. However, when synthetic pheromone is combined with the three larvicidals, temephos and microbial agent followed the same attractant pattern as synthetic pheromone independently.
Influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae and host eggs age on its parasitic effectiveness
Authors: Vourlioti F. , Milonas G.
Published: November 2017

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchai) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and egg age of Lobesia bot rana (Denis & Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on parasitoid effectiveness. It was found that T. cacoecciae females parasitize more frequently 4 days old L. boi rana eggs than younger ones. Furthermore, developmental time of their offspring retarded and percentage of viable eggs decreased when parasitoid larvae fed with older eggs. 7*. cacoecciae females that were 4 days old were more effective in parasitising L. botrana eggs. Rearing the paras ito ids on Sitôt roga ce rea lei la eggs for one generation resulted in a decreased number of parasitised eggs of L boi rana than when reared on Ephestia kit eh niella eggs. The implications of these results in selecting a candidate species for biological control are discussed.
First record in Greece of the palm tree pest Paysandisia archon
Authors: Vassarmidaki M. , Thymakis N. , Kontodimas D.C.
Published: November 2017

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Improved solid adult diet for the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae
Authors: Tsitsipis J.A. , Kontos Α.
Published: November 2017

Egg production of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was higher when insects fed on a liquid diet than on the same diet made solid by enriching it with various amounts of cellite or cellulose. Comparison of a liquid with a solid diet, both composed of water: sucrose: yeast hydrolyzate: chicken egg yolk at ratios 5:4: 1:0.7 and 0:4: 1:0.7 respectively, given to olive fruit flies kept in pairs, showed that egg production was higher on the liquid diet. With grouped insects, however (30 pairs per cage), egg production. expressed per initial female, was higher with the solid diet. The difference was due to the lower mortality that occurred on the solid diet. Dry egg yolk could substitute fresh egg yolk. Among solid diets differing in the concentration of egg yolk, yeast hydrolyzate, and the presence of vitamins and cholesterol, the diet that gave the highest egg production contained 80 parts sucrose, 30 parts yeast hydrolyzate, and 6.6 parts dry egg yolk.
Catches of male olive moths, Prays oleae, in pheromone traps in relation to numbers of eggs and larvae found in olive fruits, in Crete
Authors: Polyrakis Ι.
Published: November 2017

In two groves of the Chania area, male olive moths, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Hyponomeutidae), caught in pheromone traps and eggs and young larvae in young fruits were counted weekly or daily in May, June and July. At Mournies, the first rise in the curve of male captures was observed during the last week of May with a maximum on the 18th in 1980 and on the 10th of June in 1981, and the last captures at the end of June-beginning of July. At Chrysopigi, the maximum of captures in 1981 was on the 5th of June. In all instances the time of maximal moth captures coincided with peaks in oviposition activity, followed after an interval of two weeks by peaks in the number of young larvae found in the fruits.
Key for the identification of the instars of the English grain aphid, Sitobion αvenαe (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Lykouressis D.Ρ
Published: November 2017

A key is given for the identification of the instars of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) based upon morphological characters of the antennae, cauda and sub-anal plate.
Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants.
Authors: Macropodi M.V.
Published: November 2017

In this work the duration of the life-cycle of Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage), Μetaphycus affinis stanley (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage) and Μetaphycus lounsburyi (How.) (parasite mainly on the fourth stage) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on S. οleae, developed on different substrates, i.e. potato sprouts and plants of Nerium oleander, under laboratory conditions was determined. Among the Hymenoptera parasitizing S. oleae on Corfu, M, helvolus and M. lounsburyi, are of particular importance M. affinis stanley was introduced in Corfu in 1976 and despite the fact that the population of S. οleae in the release area was practically eliminated from other factors shortly after the release of the parasite, there is evidence that the parasite was finally established. The above parasites can be successfully reared on S. οleae developed both on potato sprouts and Nerium oleander. The study was carried out at 23±1°C, 65-70% R.H. and 12 hours of artificial light per day. For each species, 3 potato sprouts and three plants of Nerium oleander in pots infested with S. οleae were placed in each 60X30X40 cm cage. The host insects were oviposited in by adult parasites introduced into the cages and left there for two days. The number of emerging adult parasites in each cage was recorded daily (a total number of adults emerged per cage varied from 23 to 195) and the time taken for 50% emergence was calculated from the correlation equation by plotting the cumulative percentage of adults emerged against time. For M. helvolus the mean duration time of the life cycle was estimated to be 19.4 days on scales developed on potato sprouts and 15.1 days on scales developed on N. oleander. For M. affinis stanley the relevant estimates were 18.8 days and 23.4 days, respectively, while for M. lounsburvi the estimates were 21.3 and 18.6 days, respectively. For M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi the duration of the life cycle was shorter when the host insect developed on Nerium plants than on potato sprouts. For M. affinis stanley the reverse was true. These differences show the effect of the host of S. oleae on the time of development of the parasites, possibly reflecting the differences of the scale insect developed on different hosts as food quality for the parasites.
The use οf νiruses for controlling pest species οf insects
Authors: Moore N.F. , Manousis T.
Published: November 2017

Insect viruses have been used effectively to control pest species of insects. While viruses from several families have been used, members of the Baculoviridae have proven most successful. The successful viruses are mentioned and a brief introduc­tion into insect virus identification is followed by sufficient detail to differentiate between the major groups of viruses which have been used as field control agents. References are minimised to recent key articles on all the families of viruses found in insects.
Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki on the grape berry moth Lobesia botrana Den. and Shiff. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under field and laboratory conditions in Crete
Authors: Roditakis Ν.Ε.
Published: November 2017

The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel Abbot Lab.) against the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Shiff.) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions (24±0.5°C, 55±5% r.h., 2,000 Lux, and 16 hours light daily) B. thuringiensis was compared to triflumuron and methomyl on egg hatching and shallow entries per grape berry. B. thuringiensis had no effect on egg hatching while methomyl and triflumuron had ovicidal action. Shallow entries per grape berry were 0.9-1, 0, 0 and 4.55 for B. thuringiensis, triflumuron, methomyl and control, respectively. Under field conditions, using as criteria for the timing of sprays: a. pheromone and food trap catches and b. visual counting of egg laying and a threshold of 20-30 eggs/100 grapes, two applications of B. thuringiensis at Kastelli Pediados in 1981 and four at Peza in 1982 were made both at the 2nd and 3rd flights. Its effectiveness was 96-100% and 92% at Kastelli Pediados and 73-75% at Peza.
The genus Brevipalpus in Greece (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
Authors: Hatzinikolis E.N.
Published: November 2017

The genus Brevipalpus from Greece is revised and a key to 18 species is provided, with illustrations of the nymphs. Twelve species were formerly recorded: B. atalantae (Hatzinikolis), B. californicus (Banks), B. chalkidicus (Hatzinikolis), B. hellenicus (Hatzinikolis and Kolovos), B. lewisi McGregor, B. macedonicus (Hatzinikolis), B. obovatus Donnadieu, B. oicac Baker, B. olearius Sayed, B. olivicola (Pegazzano and Castagnoli), B. phoenicis (Geijskes) and B. russulus (Boisduval). The following six species are now recorded for the first time from Greece: B. cuneatus (Canestrini and Fanzago), B. essigi Baker, B. filium Baker, B. mallorquensis Pritchard and Baker, B. pini Baker and B. sayedi Baker. A review of hosts, distribution and economic importance is presented for each species.
Panonychus citri (MacGregor) (Tetranychidae) and Eriophyes medicaginis K. (Eriophyidae): Two important phytophagous mites recorded for the first time in Greece
Authors: Emmanouel N.G. , Papadoulis G.TH.
Published: November 2017

Panonychus cirri (MacGregor) one of the most important phytophagous mites in many parts of the world, has been collected from citrus trees in various localities of county Preveza, Heperos, Greece. This mite has been, possibly, introduced to Greece via Albania. Another phytophagous mite, Eriophyes medicaginis Keifer, well known to cause witches’ broom on alfalfa, has been collected from Medicago saliva L. in the counties Attiki and Boiotia of central Greece. In a two year study on arthropods associated with alfalfa at the Kopafs region of Boiotia, E. medicaginis was found to be constant and recedent in both years. High population densities were observed during the period mid-September to mid-March.
Induction of dormancy in Lobesia botrana by long day and high temperature conditions
Authors: Tzanakakis Μ. Ε. , Savopoulou-Soultani Μ. , Oustapassidis C. S. , Verras S.C. , Hatziemmanouel Η.
Published: November 2017

Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is known to enter a facultative autumnohibernal diapause-mediated dormancy in the pupal stage, when the embryonic and early larval stages are exposed to short-day photo-periods. Yet, in a laboratory stock originating from northern Greece and reared for years on an artificial larval diet, dormancy occurred also under a long-day photo-period. When the eggs were incubated at 30oC in the dark or at 26 oC under the natural daylength of August in northern Greece, and the larvae grew at L:D 16:8 and 25-26 oC, but not 20 oC, a substantial percentage of the pupae entered dormancy. This dormancy seems to be diapause-mediated. It is not known whether it is a typical summer diapause.
Host specificity of Aceria centaureae (Nalepa), a candidate for biological control of Centaurea dίffusa De Lamarck
Authors: Sobhian R. , Katsouannos Β. Ι. , Kashefi J.
Published: November 2017

Filed collected rosettes or twigs of Centaurea diffusa De Lamarck, infested by the gall mite Aceria centaureae, were fixed onto appropriately grown and planted test plants of ten different species in the area of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1985 and 1986. The test plants were inspected for presence of galls and mites a few to several days after their contact with the infested twigs. Gall formation occurred on all of the Centaurea diffusa test plants, either of Greek or U.S. origin, and on some of the Centaurea solstitialis, L. test plants. No galls or other mite damage could be found on the other test plants, which were Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), Cirsiton creticion (De Lamarck) D’Urville, of local origin and six Cirsium species of U.S. origin, i.e. cymosum (Greene) J. T. Howell, occidentals (Nutt) Jeps., pastoris Howell, andersonii (Gray) Petrak, brevistylum Crong; and undulation (Nutt.) Spreng. These results suggest that A. centaureae most probably has a very restricted host plant range, feeding only on weedy Centaurea spp. Thus the mite should be considered as a possible candidate for biological control of diffuse knapweed in the U.S.A. and Canada.
Development and reproduction of Lobesia botrana on vine and olive inflorescences
Authors: Savopoulou- Soultani Μ. , Stavridis D.G. , Tzanakakis Μ.Ε.
Published: November 2017

Grape vine (Vilis vinifera F.) inflorescences were caged in a bag of organdy in the field, and artificially infested with 15 neonate larvae of Lohesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Olive twigs, each bearing 5 pairs of inflorescences were caged likewise. In laboratory experiments 15 neonate larvae were placed in each Petri dish containing one vine inflorescence or an olive twig bearing two pairs of inflorescences. Three stages of inflorescence development were used, an early, an intermediate and a late one. Larvae, pupae and adults were maintained at L:D 16:8 and 24″:22°C. In the field, when comparing inflorescences of the earliest developmental stage, the rate of larval development was significantly faster on olive than on vine inflorescences. In the laboratory, when comparing inflorescences of similar developmental stages, the rate of larval development on olive inflorescences was significantly faster than that on vine inflorescences. Pupae of both sexes were significantly heavier on olive inflorescences in all the cases in the laboratory, but in only some cases in the field. In the field the number of eggs per female and the coefficient of multiplication of the insect’s population from generation to generation were greater on olive (102.6 and 3.8 respectively) than on vine inflorescences (81.7 and 2.9). In the laboratory, the respective values were 118.5 and 12.3 on olive, and 90.2 and 4.9 on vine inflorescences. In two-choice tests in the laboratory, vine inflorescences were preferred for oviposition to olive inflorescences and to vine or olive leaves. In no-choice tests, vine leaves, vine inflorescences, olive leaves and olive inflorescences in the least advanced stage, were all equally accepted for oviposition.
Effect of Methoprene on larval and cocoon weight, ovariole length, egg number and fecundity of Bombyx mori L
Authors: Magadum S.B. , Hooli Μ.Α. , Magdum V.B.
Published: November 2017

The effect of Methoprene on larval and cocoon weight, ovariole length, egg number and fecundity of BombYx mori (Polyvoltine Pure Mysore breed) was stu­died. Methoprene at 2.75,4.0 and 8.0 pg!ml dilutions was topically applied/sprayed on silkworm larvae repeatedly at 36h in 3rd, 4th and 5th stadium, at 48h in 4th and 5th stadium and singly at 72h in 5th stadium. Of the various dosages used, the repeated applications of 2.75 pg/ml at 36h in 3rd, 4th and 5th stadium of silkworm larvae resulted in significant increase in larval weight, cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity when compared to untreated controls.
Seasonal abundance of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Homoptera: Gal1aphididae) on lucerne in Central Greece
Authors: Lykouressis D.P. , Polatsidis CH. Ρ.
Published: November 2017

Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) were the most abundant aphid species on lucerne at Kopais, Co. Boiotia in central Greece from April 1984 to November 1986. Population fluctuations for A. pisum showed two peaks, the first during April-May and the second in November. Low numbers or zero were found during summer and till mid October as well as during winter and March. The abundance of this species during the year agrees generally with the effects of prevailing temperatures in the region on aphid development and reproduction. T. trifolii also showed two population peaks but at different periods. The first occurred in July and the second from mid September to mid October. The first peak was higher than the second. The sharp decline in population densities that occurred in early August and lasted till mid September is not accounted for by adverse climatic conditions, but natural enemies and/or other limiting factors are possibly respon­sible for that population reduction. Numbers were zero from December till March, while they kept at low levels during the rest of spring and part of June as well as from mid October till the end of November.
Distribution en Grece des genres Archanara et Nonagria
Authors: Galichet P.F. , Tsitsipis J.A. , Alexandri Μ.Ρ.
Published: November 2017

Quatre prospections faunistiques (1985-1988-1989-1990) on ete realises dans les biotopes humides de la Thrace au Peloponnese: des larves d’ Archanara geminipuncta ont ete collectees dans les roselieres depuis le delta de l’Evrous jusqu’en Grece centrale et occidentale dans 12 stations sur 15. Les especes A. sparganii et N. typhae on ete retrouvees dans le typhetum, depuis le delta de l’Evrous jusqu’a Salonique puis dans l’ile d’Eubιe et le nord du Peloponnese pour la seconde. L’espece A. dissoluta fut collectee en 1 seul exemplaire. La limite meridionale de ces especes en Grece centrale ne parait pas tres eloignιe du 39eme parallele. Leurs distributions sont discutees en fonction des temperatures maximales estivales. Un parasitoοde commun aux 4 especes phytophages, Lydella thompsoni (Diptera: Tachinidae) a ete egalement observe.
Flight Period of Phαenops knoteki and Acαnthocinus reticulαtus
Authors: Markalas S.
Published: November 2017

The flight period of Phaenops knoteki (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was extended front the end of May until the middle of August and Chat one of Acanthocinus reticulatus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) front middle of June until middle of September.