bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Three Consecutive Days of Morphine or Methadone Administration on Analgesia and Open-Field Activity in Mice with Ehrlich Carcinoma
Authors: Rusch Elidiane , Bovi Milena F , Martinelli Elaine C , Garcia-Gomes Mariana SA , Mori Claudia MC , Martins Daniele S , Carregaro Adriano B
Published: April 2021

This study assessed the exploratory behavioral responses in BALB/c mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma after 3 consecutive days of treatment with morphine or methadone. Fifty-three female mice, 60 ± 10 d old, were used. Seven days after intraperitoneal tumor inoculation
(2 × 106 cells), the animals were randomized into 7 groups: morphine 5 mg/kg (MO5), morphine 7.5 mg/kg (MO7.5), morphine 10 mg/kg (MO10), methadone 2.85 mg/kg (ME2.85), methadone 4.3 mg/kg (ME4.3), methadone 5.7 mg/kg
(ME5.7), and 0.9% NaCl (Saline) (n = 7). Drug treatments were administered subcutaneously every 6 h for 3 d. The animals were evaluated for analgesia using the mouse grimace scale (MGS) and for general activity using the open field test. The MGS was performed before tumor
inoculation (day 0), on day 7 at 40, 90, 150, 240, and 360 min after drug injection, and on days 8 and 9 at 40, 150, 240, and 360 min after drug injection. The open field test was performed before tumor inoculation (day 0), on day 7 after inoculation at 40, 90, 150, 240, and 360 min after
drug injection, and on days 8 and 9 after inoculation at 40, 150, and 360 min after drug injection. MGS results indicated that administration of morphine promoted analgesia for up to 240 min. Conversely, methadone reduced MGS scores only at 40 min. All tested doses promoted a significant dose-dependent
increase in the total distance traveled and the average speed, and increase that was markedly pronounced on days 8 and 9 as compared with day 7. The frequencies of rearing and self-grooming decreased significantly after morphine or methadone administration. Despite the difference in analgesia,
both drugs increased locomotion and reduced the frequency of rearing and self-grooming as compared with the untreated control animals.
Effects of Pair Housing on Patency of Jugular Catheters in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Krueger Lauren D , Chang Stephen E , Motoc Michael , Chojecki Maurice , Freeman Zachary T , Flagel Shelly B
Published: April 2021

Chronic vascular access devices are widely used in a variety of species for repeated blood sampling or substance administration. Jugular catheters are commonly used for studying addiction-related behaviors in rats. Rats with catheters have historically been individually housed for the
duration of the study to prevent cage mates from damaging the catheter. The 2 goals of this study were to determine 1) the effects of pair housing on catheter patency and 2) the effects of pair housing on catheter patency of rats in a study of opioid self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement
of opioid-seeking behavior. The latter study also represented an opportunity for experimental refinement as it evaluated the temporary use of a barrier that allowed for pair-housed rats to be physically separated. Male Heterogeneous Stock (HS; n = 24) and Sprague–Dawley (SD; n
= 121) rats were allocated to either single- or pair-housed condition. To assess the effect of social housing on catheter patency, rats (HS, n = 24; SD, n = 36) were monitored in their assigned housing condition for one month, with scheduled evaluation of catheter patency and
structural damage. To examine the effect of social housing on catheter patency during a study of opioid self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of opioid-seeking behavior, rats (SD, n = 85) were monitored in their assigned housing condition with similar routine patency evaluations.
Catheter patency rates between single- and pairhoused rats were not statistically different in the first experiment, and pair-housed animals were successfully maintained on an infusion study in the second experiment. The use of a barrier between pair-housed rats after surgery allowed continued
social contact with no observed adverse effects. These results suggest that, pair housing is a viable option for rats with chronic vascular implants, and may improve their wellbeing by allowing them to display species-typical social behaviors.
Asas Asas bimbingan konsling
Authors: Simamora Dian Jordan
Published: April 2021

Bimbingan dan Konseling merupakan pekerjaan pelayanan yang professional yang menguraikan pemahaman, penanganan dan penyikapan tentang keadaan seseorang yang meliputi unsur kognisi, afeksi, dan psikomotori. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan bimbingan dan konseling sangat ditentukan oleh kaidah-kaidah yang berlaku atau dalam kata lain disebut “asas”. Asas-asas bimbingan dan konseling adalah merupakan rukun yang harus dipegang teguh dan dikuasai oleh seorang guru pembimbing/ konselor dalam menjalankan pelayanan atau kegiatan bimbingan dan konseling. Asas-asas tersebut adalah sebagai jiwa dan nafas dari seluruh kehidupan layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
Syarat Keprofesionalan Guru di Indonesia
Authors: Alfiyanoor
Published: April 2021

Profesi merupakan keahlian yang hanya dimiliki oleh orang tertentu melalui akademik dan latihan yang intensif. Ada syarat yang harus dipenuhi jika ingin pekerjaan dianggap sebagai profesi. Guru merupakan contoh dari pekerjaan yang dianggap sebagai profesi karena guru memiliki kode etik profesi sebagai syarat suatu pekerjaan dapat dikatakan profesi. Gurupun mempunyai syarat yang mutlak harus agar dapat dikatakan sebagai profesi. Serta guru wajib menambah pengetahuannya mengenai bidang yang ia geluti agar dapat berkembang dan mampu mengikuti lajunya perkembangan zaman.
PERANAN GURU SERTA TANTANGAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DI INDONESIA
Authors: yuniarti maya
Published: April 2021

guru merupakan pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarakan, melatih, menilai,dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur formal, pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah. dalam hal ini profesi guru sangat berperan penting dalam proses belajar pembelajaran tentunya dalam pendidikan di sekolah, guru sebagai kunci keberhasilan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan dalam sebuah sekolah berada digenggaman seorang guru. Maka untuk itu menjalankan tugas dan profesinya, guru mempunyai suatu hak dan kewajiban yang tentunya harus dilaksanakan dan diperhatikan, Yang terdapat menurut Undang-undang No. 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen yang mana di buat oleh undang-undang. Dalam tantangan guru sebagi profeional memiliki sebuah kemajuan pendidikan di indonesai untuk itu Profesionalisme guru tentunya sangat diperlukan untuk memajukan pendidikan Indonesia dikarena profesionalisme guru yang tentunya memiliki keahlian didalam bidang pendidkan. Maka dalam hal ini guru tentunya memiliki sebuah komponen kompetensi professional guru agar dapat disebut sebagai guru professional sehingga terdapat beberpa komponen.
Differential expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 8, ABCA8, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ABCA8 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ABCA8 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B subtype cancers, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. ABCA8 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Profesionalisme Guru dan Tantangannya dalam Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Apriani Ella Noor
Published: April 2021

Profesi adalah suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, yang didapat melalui pendidikan dan latihan tertentu, menurut persyaratan khusus memiliki tanggung jawab, memiliki keterampilan yang baik, dan memiliki kode etik tertentu, dengan ini profesi tidak bisa dilakukan oleh sembarang orang. Guru adalah seorang pendidik yang merencanakan, melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, menilai dan membimbing murid-muridnya agar menjadi insan yang bermoral, berkualitas, dan bisa menggapai cita-citanya, serta agar menjadi murid atau manusia yang dapat memberikan manfaat kepada semua orang dan untuk nusa dan bangsa. Kompetensi profesioanal merupakan kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh guru. Guru yang memiliki kompetensi professional yaitu guru menguasai bahan bidang studi, mempunyai keterampilan yang baik dalam mengajar, mampu mengelola program belajar dengan baik, dan lain sebagainya.
PROFESI ONALISME GURU DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rahimah
Published: April 2021

Profesi adalah pekerjaan yang mengharuskan pelakunya memilii keahlian di dalamnya yang di dapat pada pelatihan maupun pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi. Guru merupakan sebuah profesi karena profesi guru mengharuskan memiliki keahlian pada bidak mendidik. Ti semua orang mampu menjadi seorang guru dan mahir dalam mendidik. Banyak menggap remeh dari dak orang profesi guru ini. Padahal pada kenyataannya guru harus mampu keahlian yang tidak semuanya miliki kecuali di dapat pada pekatihan dan pembelajaran. Seorang guru menjadi pendidik terhadap anak bangsa ini yang dimana anak didknya mampu menjadi kebanggan bagi bangsa Indonesia. Dengan adanya guru ini maka akan mencerdaskan anak bangsa di Indonesia. Seorang guru di katakana professional jika memiliki empat kompone n kompetensi, yaitu kompetensi pedagogic, kompetensi sosial, kompetensi kepribadian dan juga kompetensi professional. Jika guru memiliki komponen tersebut maka akan membaw keberhasilan terhadap peserta didiknya dan lainnya
Ujian tengah semester propesi pendidikan
Authors: Fahrazi
Published: April 2021

Profesi guru adalah profesi yang tidak terlalu banyak menuntut persyaratankhusus seperti militer, kepolisian atau profesi yang lain. Karena itu, banyak individuyang tidak dapat meraih cita-cita awalnya memilih berprofesi sebagai guru. Dengankata lain, profesi guru yang ditekuni tersebut bukanlah profesi yang dicita-citakan ataudicintai sejak awal. Latar belakang semacam ini dapat saja menjadi penyebab kinerjaguru tidak maksimal, terbukti dibeberapa hasil penelitian kinerja guru semakin lamasemakin menurun, mekipun pemerintah telah banyak melakukan upaya pembinaanbahkan peningkatan pendapatan melalui pemberian tunjangan profesi pendidik.
PROFESI GURU DALAM SEBUAH PROFESI KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Azizah Intan Noor
Published: April 2021

Profesi guru adalah profesi yang mengharuskan adanya persyaratan khusus teruntuk calon pendidik atau yang sering disebut dengan guru di sekolah. Profesi adalah keahlian yang hanya dimiliki oleh orang tertentu melalui akademik dan latihan yang intensif dan memiliki syarat yang harus dipenuhi jika ingin pekerjaan dianggap sebagai profesi. Pemaparan tersebut terdapat dalam Undang-Undang yang menjelaskan bahwa guru harus mempunyai kualifikasi akademik S1 atau setara dengan Diploma IV dan sertifikat pendidik. Selain hal yang telah disebutkan tadi, guru juga harus mempunyai kompetensi Pedagogik, Kepribadian, Sosial, dan Profesional. Dalam Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen mengatakan bahwa guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu, menjadi seorang guru bukan pekerjaan yang mudah.
PROFESI GURU DAN KOMPETESI PROFESIONAL GURU
Authors: sari Yeti novita purnama
Published: April 2021

Dalam profesi keguruan memang di perlukan keahlian khusus dan juga keseriusan didalamnya. sebagai seorang guru, terlebih dahulu kita memahami seluk beluk profesi yang akan kita emban. pada penulisan ini akan di jebarkan mengenai apa saja yang perlu dilakukan oleh seorang guru untuk dapat mengembangkan dirinya agar lebih memahami hakikat dari profesi keguruan agar menjadi seorang guru yang profesional. posisi dan peran guru dalam proses pendidikan di indonesia merupakan permasalahan nasional yang penuh kontroversi dan tidak pernah selesai dari masa ke masa. itulah sebabnya indonesia perlunya sosok guru yang profesional demi majunya sebuah bangsa indonesia dalam pendidikan di berbagai aspek.
Profesionalitas Guru
Authors: Insan Aulia
Published: April 2021

Guru adalah pendidik dan pengajar pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur sekolah atau pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Guru-guru seperti ini harus mempunyai semacam kualifikasi formal. Dalam definisi yang lebih luas, setiap orang yang mengajarkan suatu hal yang baru dapat juga dianggap seorang guru. Secara formal, guru adalah seorang pengajar di sekolah negeri ataupun swasta yang memiliki kemampuan berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan formal minimal berstatus sarjana, dan telah memiliki ketetapan hukum yang sah sebagai guru berdasarkan undang-undang guru dan dosen yang berlaku di Indonesia.
PENDEKATAN DAN MODEL PELAYANAN BK 17 PLUS (JENIS LAYANAN)
Authors: Sari Azizah Permata
Published: April 2021

Keberadaan bimbingan dan konseling sangat dibutuhkan agar siswa mampu mengenal dirinya sendiri, lingkungannya secara positif dan dinamis. Untuk dapat mengambil keputusan, berlatih dan mewujudkan diri secara efektif dan produktif. Pola umum bimbingan konseling meliputi semua kegiatan bimbingan konseling yang meliputi bidang bimbingan, jenis layanan dan kegiatan pendukung konseling. Semua kegiatan bimbingan konseling di sekolah ditujukan kepada semua siswa (siswa) yang menjadi tanggung jawab langsung pengawas atau guru kelas. Pelayanan bimbingan konseling di sekolah dilaksanakan secara terprogram, teratur dan berkelanjutan.
Plotting porbability of detecting electron for delocalizing 1D system for a timescale of 1 fs
Authors: Gangan Tanay
Published: April 2021

The present study simulates the delocalization of an electron in one dimension for a timescale of one fs. The code is developed in Spyder IDE and has used its preinstalled libraries.
Modélisation et Identification en boucle ouverte d'un moteur à courant continu M.C.C
Authors: Labidi Aymen
Published: April 2021

Le système SYNUM est un système numérique permettant l'étude des asservissements de mécanique ou de vitesse pour actionner un moteur à courant continu M.C.C entraînant une charge mécanique réglable et un disque gradué.L'entreprise SYNUM a ainsi crée la première entité qui pense à la transition digitale comme une fusion synergique de l’homme et du numérique. Durant notre manipulation, utiliser le système ERD100000 qui est un MONITEUR ELECTROMECANIQUE.
KEGIATAN PENDUKUNG BK
Authors: Kurnia Febri
Published: April 2021

Kegiatan pendukung bimbingan dan konseling meliputi kegiatan pokok aplikasi instrument bimbingan dan konseling, himpunan data, kunjungan rumah, konferensi kasus, tampilan kepustakaan, dan alih tangan kasus. Semua jenis kegiatan pendukung dilaksanakan secara langsung, dikaitkan pada keempat bidang bimbingan, serta disesuaikan dengan karakteristik dan kebutuhan klien. Hasil kegiatan pendukung dipakai untuk memperkuat satu atau beberapa jenis layanan bimbingan dan konseling.Pokok masalah yang diajukan dalam paper ini yaitu mengenai kegiatan pendukung BK diamana bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami kegiatan apa saja yang menjadi pendukung dalam proses bimbingan dan konseling
Differential expression of SDPR in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding serum deprivation response, SDPR, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. SDPR was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. SDPR mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of SDPR in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A, basal subtype, and HER2+ cancer, but not in luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. SDPR may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
PROFESI GURU DALAM PROFESIONALISME
Authors: Astuti Endang
Published: April 2021

Guru merupakan pendidikan profesional yang tenntunyya menjadi sebuah cerminan bagi sekelilingnya terutama bagi peserta didik dan masyarakat di sekitar maka dari itu hendaknya hguru senantiasa melakukan perbuatan dan sikap yang baik sehingga citra yang ditangkap oleh sekelilingnya akan menjadi lebih positif
Guru Merupakan Sosok Penting Dalam Menjawab Permasalahan Hidup
Authors: Noor Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Profesi adalah bidang pekerjaan yang dilandasi pendidikan keahlian (keterampilan, kejuruan dan sebagainya) tertentu. Profesional adalah (1) bersangkutan dengan profesi, (2) memerlukan kepandaian khusus untuk menjalankannya dan (3) mengharuskan adanya pembayaran untuk melakukannya profesionalisme guru merupakan tugas mengajar yang merupakan profesi moral. Di samping harus memiliki kedalaman ilmu pengetahuan, guru mesti seorang yang bertakwa dan berakhlak atau berkelakuan baik itulah yang menjadi motivasi utamanya, melainkan kese- diaannya untuk melayani sesama.Di lain pihak profesi guru juga disebut sebagai profesi yang luhur. Dalam hal ini, perlu disadari bahwa seorang guru dalam melaksanakan profesinya dituntut adanya budi luhur dan akhlak yang tinggi. Cukup seimbang memang jika dilihat perbandingan antara hak dan kewajiban profesi guru. Keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban ini yang membuat guru mampu bekerja secara optimal dan menerima timbal balik yang pantas serta melaksanakan tugas sesuai dengan kode etik guru. Kompetensi profesional seorang guru adalah seperangkat kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru agar ia dapat melaksanakan tugas mengajarnya dengan berhasil. Guru memiliki banyak tugas yang harus dilakukan. Tugas atau fungsi guru tentu sesuai dengan peran-peran yang harus dimainkan.Adapun kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru terdiri dari 3 (tiga), yaitu kompetensi pribadi, kompetensi sosial dan kompetensi professional
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN MAKSIMUM UMKM RUMAH MAKAN KITA MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI TURUNAN (DERIVATIF)
Authors: Qurani Nurul
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keuntungan maksimum yang didapatkan oleh UMKM Rumah Makan Kita. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data wawancara. Dalam menganalisis keuntungan maksimumnya, penulis menggunakan aplikasi turunan (derivatif).
Nghiên cứu tác động của cơ cấu vốn đến khả năng trả nợ của các doanh nghiệp vay vốn tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Ngoại thương Việt Nam - CN Nam Hà Nội
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu tác động của cơ cấu vốn đến khả năng trả nợ của các doanh nghiệp vay vốn tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Ngoại thương Việt Nam - CN Nam Hà Nội. Đinh Thị Kim Thương. June 10, 2020. Trường Đại học Ngoại thương.
Một số nghiên cứu tiêu biểu dẫn chiếu cộng tính văn hóa
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: April 2021

Một số nghiên cứu tiêu biểu dẫn chiếu cộng tính văn hóa
Differential expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 6 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 6, ABCA6, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ABCA6 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ABCA6 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B subtype cancers, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. ABCA6 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Artikel Profesi Keguruan 6
Authors: Rezaldi
Published: April 2021

Profesi adalah suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian yang didapatkan melalui jalur pendidikan tinggi atau pelatihan tertentu. Guru merupakan sebuah profesi dimana seseorang harus dapat mendidik, mengajar, melatih dan mengevaluasi peserta didiknya. Guru diklasifikasikan sebagai profesi karena memerlukan kriteria pendidikan dan keahlian khusus sebagai guru serta tidak dapat dilakukan oleh sembarang orang di luar bidang pendidikan. Berbicara tentang peran, hak dan kewajiban guru sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam UU No. 14 Tahun 2005, bahwa guru merupakan pendidik profesional yang mengemban tugas utama untuk mendidik, mengajar, mengembangkan potensi, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Untuk dapat menjalankan suatu pekerjaan secara profesional harus memiliki profesionalisme. Profesional sering dimaknai sebagai suatu keterampilan teknis atau keahlian khusus yang dimiliki seseorang. Selain itu, seorang guru juga harus mempunyai kompetensi profesional. Kompetensi profesional merupakan bagian dari kemampuan fundamental guru dalam menjalankan tugas.
KONSEP PROFESI KEGURUAN DAN KOMPOTENSI GURU SEBAGAI PROFESIONAL
Authors: Nursahid
Published: April 2021

Profesi merupakan sesuatu pekerjaan ataupun jabatan yang menuntut kemampuan, didapat lewat pembelajaran serta latihan tertentu. Profesi Guru merupakan pendidik handal dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, memusatkan, melatih, memperhitungkan serta mengvaluasi partisipan didik. Guru merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang digolongkan selaku suatu profesi sebab mempunyai ketentuan yang bisa digolongkan jadi sesuatu profesi. Dalam melaksanakan tugas serta profesinya, guru mempunyai hak serta kewajiban yang selaku pendidik yang sudah diatur dalam UU Nomor. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru serta Dosen. Buat itu dalam melaksanakan profesi yang berhubungan dengan pembelajaran, hingga guru butuh mempunyai kompetensi handal guru ataupun keahlian dasar yang wajib dipunyai tiap guru. Tidak hanya dituntut buat mempunyai kompetensi handal, seorang guru pula wajib dapat meningkatkan perilaku serta tingkatan handal yang terpaut dengan pengembangan yang handal.
Simultaneous fasting may contain SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: David Chanyuk Lam , Lin Yuhan , Liao Lipeng , Tang Man , Fu Min , Liu Qiuyun
Published: April 2021

Fasting can halt viral reproduction and relieve symptoms. Simultaneous fasting with moderate intake of boiled rice water or fruit juice for 2 to 3 days may achieve positive effect. If a person has 30 contacts daily, and 6 of which are viral carriers, simultaneous fasting can reduce viral loads in all the 6 carriers and thus lower infection rate by perhaps more than 90%. Individuals not suitable for fasting should be excluded from pilot test and large experiments. Multiple episodes of fasting with proper intervals can be conducted to beat pandemic or control viral infection at its infancy.
skill guru untuk pendidikan
Authors: Syarwani Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Profesi diartikan sebagai suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, yang dapat melalui pendidikan dan latihan tertentu, menurut persyaratan khusus memiliki tanggung jawab dan kode etik tertentu. Guru merupakan suatu, profesi yang berarti suatu jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus sebagai guru dan tidak dapat dilakukan oleh sembarang orang diluar bidang pendidikan. Tujuan-tujuan professionalisme guru diperlukan untuk memajukan pendidikan Guru sebagai instruktur, Guru sebagai manajer, Guru sebagai pembimbing, Guru sebagai evaluator, Guru sebagai anggota organisasi profesi, Guru sebagai spesialis hubungan masyarakat. Berdasarkan UU RI No. 14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen Pasal 1. Guru adalah pendidik profesionalitas dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Dosen adalah pendidik professional dan ilmuan dengan tugas utama mrntranformasikan, mengembangkan, dan menyebar luaskan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan seni melalui pendidikan, penelitian, dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.
(Non-)effects of linguistic environment on early stable consonant production: A crosscultural case study
Authors: Peute Bram , Casillas Marisa
Published: April 2021

Recent evidence shows that children reach expected basic linguistic milestones in two rural Indigenous communities, Tseltal and Yélî, despite their infrequent exposure to child-directed speech from adults. However, those results were partly based on measures that are fairly robust to environmental variation, e.g. the onset of babbling. By contrast, directed speech input is typically linked to lexical development, which is environmentally sensitive. We investigate whether these children’s vocal motor schemes—a motor-phonological measure of stable consonant production related to early vocabulary—show a similar “expected” developmental pattern to what has been found for typically developing children in urban “child-centered” linguistic communities. We also compare development between the two languages, whose phonological inventories differ greatly in size and complexity. Using spontaneous speech from clips sampled across children’s waking days at home, we find that children’s canonical babble and stable consonant production is comparable to previous work with typically developing children. We find no evidence for difference between the languages.
How is Intelligence Test Performance Associated with Creative Achievement? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Czerwonka Marta , Wiśniewska Ewa , Forthmann Boris
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a meta-analysis of the links between intelligence test scores and creative achievement. A three-level meta-analysis of 117 correlation coefficients from 30 studies has found a correlation of r = .16 (95% CI: .12, .19), closely mirroring previous meta-analytic findings. The estimated effects were stronger for overall creative achievement and achievement in scientific domains than for correlations between intelligence scores and creative achievement in the arts and everyday creativity. No signs of publication bias were found. We discuss theoretical implications and provide recommendations for future studies.
Scientific literacy linked to attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations: A pre-registered study
Authors: Motoki Kosuke , Saito Toshiki , Takano Yuji
Published: April 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, is a global public health crisis. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, it is necessary to promote vaccine administration and preventive behaviors (e.g., mask, handwashing, social distancing). However, some people have negative attitudes toward vaccine administration and preventive behaviors. Based on the information-deficit model, the present study investigated how scientific literacy and perceived understanding of COVID-19 are associated with attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations and preventive behaviors. The findings demonstrated that both scientific literacy and perceived understanding of COVID-19 vaccines were positively associated with attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, perceived understanding of COVID-19 preventive behaviors (but not scientific literacy) was positively associated with attitudes toward/practice of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Collectively, our findings revealed the role of cognitive factors in preventing the global public health crisis and demonstrated the roles of objective and subjective knowledge on attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations and preventive behaviors.
Adjusting for Measurement Noninvariance With Alignment Optimization in Growth Modeling
Authors: Lai Mark H. C.
Published: April 2021

Longitudinal measurement invariance, the consistency of measurement in data collected over time, is a prerequisite for any meaningful inferences of growth patterns. When one or more items measuring the construct of interest shift its measurement properties over time, it leads to biased parameter estimates and inferences on the growth parameters. In this paper, we extended the recently-developed alignment optimization (AO) technique to adjust for measurement biases for growth models. The proposed AO method does not require identification of noninvariant items, and it can adjust for measurement biases even when all items are mild to moderately biased. We demonstrate how the proposed method can be implemented in the R statistical language using a textbook example, and conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study to compare its performance with the partial invariance modeling method. The simulation results show that alignment largely reduces biases in growth parameters and gives better control of Type I error rates, especially when the sample size is at least 1,000. It also outperforms the partial invariance method in conditions when all items are noninvariant. Based on the simulation results, we conclude that AO is a viable alternative to the partial invariance method in growth modeling when it is not clear whether longitudinal measurement invariance holds. Future research can further explore the potential of AO in other longitudinal models, such as alternative growth shapes and change score models.
The Role of School Leadership in Improving Teachers and Employee Work Disciplines
Authors: Turnadi Tri , Sasongko Rambat Nur , Kristiawan Muhammad , Oktaria Sheren Dwi , Susanto Edy
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine and describe the role of principal leadership in improving the work discipline of teachers and employees and to find out what obstacles are obstacles to the role of principal leadership in improving the work discipline of teachers and employees at SMA Negeri 2 Lahat. This research is a descriptive qualitative research type and uses purposive sampling technique. There are five roles of the Principal and two obstacles faced by the Principal in improving the work discipline of teachers and employees. From the results of the research shows that the principal of SMA Negeri 2 Lahat carries out the role as a leader by planning and deliberating, as a manager by creating collaboration between teachers and employees, as educators by preparing learning program plans as administrators by managing facilities and infrastructure as well as financial administration, motivators. by providing motivation with a conducive school environment. The obstacles faced by school principals in improving the work discipline of teachers and employees are teachers and employees who are less disciplined in carrying out their duties so that they are also difficult to improve their work discipline, as well as obstacles in inadequate school facilities and infrastructure.
Trade, Agriculture and Illegal Markets: Coca in the Colombia-US Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Ladino Juan Felipe
Published: April 2021

Trade liberalization has the potential to generate gains in an economy. Nevertheless, sensitive sectors like agriculture present difficulties because of the need to adapt to the new competition. Consequently, trade policy may affect economic conditions and lead to incentives for illegal activities. Using municipal level data for Colombia, I examine the effect of trade liberalization in the agricultural sector on coca crops. Using a difference-in-differences strategy in the Colombia-US Free Trade Agreement framework, I find that municipalities that depend highly on the cultivation of the most important crops present a differential decrease in the area covered with coca after the agreement implementation. The effect is consistent with incentives from more market access and more imports of lower-price inputs. I find that credit access drives the decrease in coca. Nonetheless, small farming decreases the impact. The results highlight the importance of trade, complemented with other policies, as a tool for development.
Health Personnel and the Implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Ikechukwu Joseph , Ozohu-Suleiman Abdulhamid
Published: April 2021

Acknowledged as a policy target for the government of Nigeria, healthcare provision represents an important preoccupation for the government. As with other public policies, the achievement of policy goals in Nigeria is usually encumbered by numerous factors of implementation across various sectors. In the health sector, factors such as inadequate physical infrastructure, shortage of healthcare personnel, limited medical supplies etc. have hindered the implementation of several health policies. National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) is one of such policies and this study examined the effects of shortage of healthcare personnel on the implementation of NHIS policy in FCT, Abuja. Specifically, the study evaluated the opinions of health workers as well as enrollees of NHIS in four purposively chosen Area Councils of the six Area Councils in FCT. This study adopted a survey research design with Rensis Likert’s five-point scale questionnaire instrument administered to both categories of respondents. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25) and the T-tested statistical tool was used to test the hypothesis. The study found out that shortage of health personnel is a major barrier to the effective implementation of NHIS in the FCT, Abuja. Consequently, the study recommends that there should be massive recruitment of qualified healthcare personnel; training and retraining of healthcare workers; and timely and adequate remuneration for the healthcare workers in FCT, Abuja.
REKAYASA IRIGASI UNTUK TEKNIK SIPIL
Authors: Yendri Okma
Published: April 2021

Beberapa tahun terakhir, persoalan sumber daya air menjadi topik hangat dalam pembicaraan khalayak ramai, di samping pemberitaan masalah politik yang selalu hingar bingar di negeri ini. Berbagai bencana sumber daya air, mulai dari banjir tahunan atau banjir bandang, waduk jebol, tanah longsor, instrusi air laut, penurunan muka air atau kekeringan, sampai kebakaran lahan gambut seolah olah tidak hentihentinya menerpa dan terjadi silih berganti. Terjadinya bencana sumber daya air dapat disebabkan oleh faktor alam seperti: curah hujan berlebihan, bencana tsunami, dan banjir lahar akibat letusan gunung api atau gempa bumi. Namun, bencana juga dapat disebabkan oleh perilaku manusia yang tidak pantas dan berlebihan terhadap bumi. Pembabatan dan penggundulan hutan secara berlebihan, pemanenan air tanah yang melebihi imbangan pengisiannya, kegiatan tambang galian dan tambang-tambang lainya tanpa mengindahkan pelestarian lingkungan, semuanya itu dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan tubuh bumi dan akan merusak kehidupan manusia.(Okma Yendri, dkk, 2019).
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ BİLİMSEL SÜREÇ BECERİLERİNİ ANLAMA DÜZEYLERİ VE ÖĞRETİM ELEMANLARININ ONLARIN CEVAPLARI HAKKINDAKİ TAHMİNLERİ
Authors: BAKAÇ Elif , YILDIZ Ali
Published: April 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel süreç becerilerini anlama düzeylerini ve öğretim elemanlarının öğretmen adaylarının cevapları hakkında tahminlerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada bir durumu ortaya koymak hedeflendiği için betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci çalışma grubunu bir devlet üniversitesinin sınıf öğretmenliği lisans programı üçüncü sınıfında öğrenim gören 68 öğretmen adayı, ikinci çalışma grubunu ise aynı fakültede görev yapan ve fen bilimleri ile ilgili dersleri yürüten 5 öğretim elemanı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan on iki açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüş formu ile öğretmen adaylarının gruplandırılan cevapları kullanılmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizi için betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Gözlem, sınıflama, ölçme, verileri toplama, verileri kaydetme, deney tasarlama-yapma ve verileri yorumlama becerilerini temel alarak hazırlanan görüş formuna yazılan cevaplar incelenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının tamamına yakın kısmı sorulan sorulara göreceli cevaplar yazmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının yazdığı cevaplar hakkında öğretim elemanlarının yaptıkları tahminlerin oransal olarak farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel süreç becerilerini anlama düzeylerinin yeterli görülmesine karşın öğretim elemanlarının tahminleri ile öğretmen adaylarının yazdıkları cevapların yüzdeleri arasında önemli sapmaların olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
WEB-BASED GIS FOR MAPPING FIRE REGIMES OF PECHORO-ILYCH RESERVE AND ITS ENVIRONS
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Plotnikova A.S. , Kharitonova A.O.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the web-GIS for mapping fire regimes in the Pechora-Ilych reserve and its environs. The main purpose of the resource is to provide the results of mapping fire regimes in the designated area to a wide range of researchers in an accessible form. Web-GIS allows organizing and storing the received thematic spatial data. The resource performs research and educational functions. The structure of the web-GIS includes the following sections: the study area, fire frequency indicators, fire regimes, fire regime condition class, and fire cycles. The web GIS was created using the ArcGIS StoryMaps tool on the ArcGIS Online platform. All sections use data from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World. Web-GIS allows receiving reference information about the indicators of fire frequency, fire cycles and regimes, as well as their deviations within the boundaries of the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve, district forestries, and spatial units. In particular, the results of a retrospective statistical analysis of forest fire indicators within spatial units (fire frequency, mean fire interval, etc.) are available for users.
EARTHWORM COMMUNITIES (OLIGOCHAETA, LUMBRICIDAE) OF PINE FORESTS AND SMALL FOLIAGE FORESTS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OB’ REGION
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ermolov S.A.
Published: April 2021

Earthworms form an essential group of soil macrofauna that performs a number of ecosystem functions in forests. Studies of the species composition and population density of earthworms were conducted in many regions of Russia; however, the fauna of Lumbricidae of Novosibirsk area remained unexplored for a long time. The objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of earthworm population in coniferous and small foliage forests of the forest-steppe Ob region (Novosibirsk area) and to identify the correlation between the fauna composition and the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil. The study was conducted in pine forests and birch-aspen forests. The main method of registration was layer-by-layer excavation of soil with hand sorting of soil samples and analysis of forest deadwood. Some soil parameters were also measured. Data of the species composition and population density of earthworms for each habitat are given. The studied habitats were classified according to the ratio of the earthworm living forms. It was found that soil humidity is the most significant factor for the group of epigeiс and epi-endogeiс species. The diversity of epigeiс and epi-endogeiс earthworm species in forests is largely supported by deadwood. The Asian subspecies Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi was subjected to morphometric analysis confirming its characteristic polymorphism.
The Implementation of Policies for on-Time Presention in Efforts to Establish Discipline Character
Authors: Susamta Susamta , Mahmudah Fitri Nur
Published: April 2021

Discipline is the most important part of the development of the era. This aims to be able to increase teacher self-awareness and critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the application of teacher discipline. Research setting at SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Yogyakarta. The resource persons in this study were teachers. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews. The research procedure used the Stake model, and data analysis assisted by Atlas. ti version 8. The results of this study indicate that there are several indicators in implementing timely presence policies for teachers to be able to improve character during covid-19, namely rules, role models of behavior, development. , attendance, and impact. The novelty of this study is a different indicator from previous research that can be used as study material and a basis for teacher behavior to improve performance, work ethic, productivity, and the ability to always apply disciplined time in any activity.
Empowerment as A Quality Improvement Human Resources Through The Implementation of Total Quality Management
Authors: Ikhsannudin Muhammad , Pakpahan Poetri Leharia
Published: April 2021

This paper is a research that examines the empowerment of human resources through the application of total quality management at SMK Miftahul Huda Ngroto Grobogan that this school is always experiencing development and progress according to the times so it is interested to be researched. This type of research uses a qualitative approach, and data collection techniques are through observation and interviews. The research data were presented in a descriptive narrative form. Total quality management is a scientific field that refers to quality, which will improve the quality of human resources in educational institutions, both from educators and students. So as to create superior and competitive educational output. From the results of the research, SMK Miftahul Huda Ngroto Grobogan uses a planned sustainable management system with reference to the total quality management system standard as a basis for empowering human resources to improve quality, so that SMK Miftahul
Stufflebeam's Model Application of Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) in Improving the Quality of Learning Services
Authors: Kuswara Heri , Kuswarno Engkus , Mudrikah Ahmad , Kosasih Usep
Published: April 2021

Advances in science and information technology have changed the perspective and lifestyle of the Indonesian people in carrying out their activities, including in the world of education. The application of the Education Management Information System (Emis) today is a must for every educational institution. In learning, the application of Emis is expected to improve the quality of learning services which in turn will improve the quality of teachers and students, especially in the field of Information Technology. The four basic management functions put forward by Terry are Planning, Organizing, Actuating and Controlling (POAC), the dimensions of service quality created by Haksever et al., As well as the program evaluation model developed by Stufflebeam (Stufflebeam's Model) or CIPP Model, Becomes theoretical basis as an analysis knife or the framework of ideas used to analyze, synthesize and provide solutions for the application of Emis in SMA and SMK Ma'arif Banyuresmi Garut in improving the quality of learning services. The implementation of Emis in SMA and SMK Ma'arif starts with the creation of a strategic plan for learning Emis, the formation of an IT team and a letter of assignment, budget provision, preparation and procurement of learning media for Emis, preparation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), socialization and training on the use of Learning Emis, Implementation of Learning Emis, Evaluation of the application of Learning Emis and the impact of the application of Learning Emis on the quality of learning services and on the quality of teacher human resources and the quality of student human resources
Tingkat Kesuburan Perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad , Melani Winny Retna , Apriadi Tri
Published: April 2021

Penelitian mengenai tingkat kesuburan perairan telah dilakukan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Terdapat beberapa aktivitas di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung seperti kegiatan domestik, Keramba Jaring Apung, pelayaran dan juga terdapat ekosistem mangrove dan ekosistem lamun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau berdasarkan indeks TRIX (Trophic Index). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode random sampling yaitu sebanyak 15 titik pengamatan pada saat pasang dan 15 titik pengamatan pada saat surut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai indeks TRIX pada saat pasang sebesar 4,14, sedangkan pada saat perairan surut sebesar 4,25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi tingkat kesuburan perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung pada saat pasang maupun pada saat surut tergolong tingkat eutrofikasi sedang (mesotrofik).
Analisis Kesesuaian Kawasan Wisata Pantai di Pulau Terkulai Kelurahan Senggarang Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Eriawati Herni , Lestari Febrianti , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekologis, tingkat kesesuaian dan daya dukung kawasan wisata pantai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian kawasan wisata pantai di Pulau Terkulai berdasarkan potensi ekologis yaitu kedalaman, tipe pantai, lebar pantai, material dasar perairan, kecepatan arus, kemiringan pantai, kecerahan pantai, biota berbahaya, aksesibilitas, sarana dan prasarana, penutupan lahan pantai serta ketersediaan air tawar memiliki nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata pada titik sampling I dan II yaitu 73,86% dengan kategori sangai sesuai (S1) dan titik sampling III yaitu 68,42% dengan kategori cukup sesuai (S2). Daya dukung kawasan pantai Pulau Terkulai untuk aktivitas wisata pantai adalah 234 jiwa dengan pemanfaatan luas area 50 m2/orang untuk waktu kunjungan selama 3 jam/orang/hari.
Identifikasi Ikan Lokal di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan dan Pola Pemanfaatan Perikanan di Pulau Alai
Authors: Fitri Nurul Hidayah Eka , Lestari Febrianti , Ulfah Fitria
Published: April 2021

Penelitian mengenai identifikasi jenis ikan lokal dan pola pemanfaatan perikanan telah dilakukan di Pulau Alai, Kecamatan Ungar, Kabupaten Karimun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis – jenis ikan lokal dan pola pemanfaatan perikanan di Pulau Alai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan  metode purposive sampling pada 2 tempat pendaratan ikan, yang juga dijadikan nelayan setempat sebagai tempat melabuhkan perahu. Komposisi hasil tangkapan ikan lokal yang didapat sebanyak 7 jenis. Hasil tangkapan utama terdapat 4 jenis ikan, yaitu ikan lome (Harpodon nehereus), ikan bulu ayam (Coilia sp.), ikan biang (Setipinna sp.), dan ikan timah (Trichiurus sp.). Sedangkan hasil tangkapan sampingan terdapat 3 jenis ikan, yaitu ikan Diles atau ikan Gelik (Otolithoides sp.), ikan baji – baji (Grammoplites scaber), dan ikan sebelah (Cynoglossus sp.). Persentase tertinggi di tempat pendaratan ikan I dan II adalah ikan lome yang merupakan ikan hasil tangkapan utama sebesar 38-39%. Sedangkan persentase terendah di tempat pendaratan ikan I dan II adalah ikan baji – baji sebesar 2%. Pola pemanfaatan perikanan di Pulau Alai masih cenderung sederhana dan tradisional. Alat tangkap jaring di Pulau Alai tidak memiliki nilai selektivitas yang tinggi.