bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing the myth of Standard German: Navigating language ideologies in the L2 German university classroom
Authors: Milojičić Višnja
Published: November 2022

Previous research has established a connection between Standard Language Ideology (SLI) and prestige and power and has highlighted the existence of a dominant cultural narrative that idealizes Standard High German as a provider of cultural elevation and unity, viewing nonstandard Germanic varieties as exotic. Nevertheless, scholars have likewise emphasized the importance of familiarizing L2 German students with the standard and nonstandard regional and dialectal varieties that are widely used within and across Germanic‐speaking countries. Through a grounded ethnographic approach involving classroom observations and interviews, the study suggests that the L2 German university students observed seemed to believe in the superiority of Standard German despite efforts by their instructors to counter this belief. The study extends previous research by illustrating L2 German instructors' negotiation strategies, used to highlight the communicative legitimacy of German and Austrian dialects to their students.
Oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Ho Bach Van , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. , de Vries Ralph , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess whether, and if so, which oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia are available.

Background

Oral health in people with dementia is poor compared with people without dementia. Although multiple oral health care interventions have previously been studied for older people living in nursing homes, little is known about interventions or services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia.

Materials and methods

A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL. The following search terms were used: “Dementia”, “Oral health”, “Dental health services” and “Older person”. The term “dental health services” was intended to be an as broad as possible construct because limited search results were expected.

Results

The search generated 1624 unique references, of which seven studies were eligible for inclusion (four cohort studies, one cross‐sectional study, and two qualitative studies). The included studies described two actual oral health care services: a telephone help line on oral health and dementia, and a mobile geriatric dental programme in adult day health centres. A need was found for services and strategies specific to community‐dwelling older people with dementia. One identified solution was an intervention with individually tailored daily oral hygiene self‐care supported by the informal caregiver. Furthermore, increasing accessibility of oral health care professionals with treatment at other locations than their own practices, better collaboration between health care professionals and preventive oral health care are highly necessary.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence on the availability of oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia, while a need was found for oral health care services that focus on good accessibility, oral hygiene self‐care, preventive strategies and collaboration among health care professionals.
Alcohol as a trigger of migraine attacks in people with migraine. Results from a large prospective cohort study in English‐speaking countries
Authors: Vives‐Mestres Marina , Casanova Amparo , Puig Xavier , Ginebra Josep , Rosen Noah
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess whether alcohol intake is associated with the onset of migraine attacks up to 2 days after consumption in individuals with episodic migraine (EM).

Background

Although alcohol has long been suspected to be a common migraine trigger, studies have been inconclusive in proving this association.

Methods

This was an observational prospective cohort study among individuals with migraine who registered to use a digital health platform for headache. Eligible individuals were aged ≥18 years with EM who consumed alcohol and had tracked their headache symptoms and alcohol intake for ≥90 days. People who did not drink any alcohol were excluded. The association of alcohol intake (“Yes/No”) and of the number of alcoholic beverages in the 2 days preceding a migraine attack was assessed accounting for the presence of migraine on day‐2 and its interaction with alcohol intake on day‐2, and further adjusted for sex, age, and average weekly alcohol intake.

Results

Data on 487 individuals reporting 5913 migraine attacks and a total of 40,165 diary days were included in the analysis. Presence of migraine on day‐2 and its interaction with alcohol intake on day‐2 were not significant and removed from the model. At the population level, alcohol intake on day‐2 was associated with a lower probability of migraine attack (OR [95% CI] = 0.75 [0.68, 0.82]; event rate 1006/4679, 21.5%), while the effect of alcohol intake on day‐1 was not significant (OR [95% CI] = 1.01 [0.91, 1.11]; event rate 1163/4679, 24.9%) after adjusting for sex, age, and average weekly alcohol intake. Similar results were obtained with the number of beverages as exposure.

Conclusions

In this English‐speaking cohort of individuals with EM who identified themselves as mostly low‐dose alcohol consumers, there was no significant effect on the probability of a migraine attack in the 24 h following consumption, and a slightly lower likelihood of a migraine attack from 24 to 48 h following use.
An exploratory study of the perceptions of auditors on the impact on Blockchain technology in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Parmoodeh Abdollah Mohammad , Ndiweni Esinath , Barghathi Yasser
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explore the prospects of blockchain technology (BCT) on audit practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with practitioners from the Big Four and non‐Big Four firms; their responses were analysed thematically. The findings are significant regarding the three main themes identified: namely, audit practice, procedures and the challenges associated with the adoption of BCT. The adoption of BCT has the potential to impact audit procedures to a certain extent. The interviewees believed that BCT would transfer Audit 3.0 to Audit 4.0. For instance, external confirmations could be enhanced by the move towards a more automated verification process. In addition, the audit budget time could be decreased with the help of this technology in the long run. The need for physical observation could be diminished because of this technology, as it could track observations on a real‐time basis. This technology could also facilitate analytical procedures, as it has the potential to incorporate other analytical tools simultaneously. Furthermore, it could reduce the costs associated with fraud detection to a great extent, as it provides a tamper‐proof, immutable audit trail.
Neutrophils during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Friend or foe?
Authors: Castanheira Fernanda V. S. , Kubes Paul
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID‐19 is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary dysfunction leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs), as well as disseminated coagulation, and multi‐organ dysfunction. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. In this review, we highlight key gaps in knowledge, discuss the heterogeneity of neutrophils during the evolution of the disease, how they can contribute to COVID‐19 pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophil‐mediated inflammatory responses.
Integrating truth bias and elaboration likelihood to understand how political polarisation impacts disinformation engagement on social media
Authors: Miller Stacy , Menard Philip , Bourrie David , Sittig Scott
Published: November 2022

Political polarisation has become an increasingly alarming issue in society, exacerbated by the widespread use of social media and the development of filter bubbles among social media users. This environment has left users susceptible to disinformation, especially those with whom a user is politically aligned. In this research, we integrate truth bias, elaboration likelihood model and new media literacy into a model for explaining social media engagement (with both disinformation and factual information) and analysing how political polarisation (operationalised as political alignment between users) influences perceptions and behaviours. Using an experimental design, we analyse the model separately for posts containing disinformation and factual information, highlighting key differences. Political alignment positively moderates truth bias's effect on engagement with disinformation. For both disinformation and factual information, political alignment moderates the effect of generalised communicative suspicion (GCS) on truth bias, such that GCS's effect on truth bias flips from negative to positive as political alignment increases. Issue involvement and political alignment appear to be the primary drivers of disinformation engagement, with critical consuming media literacy failing to mitigate engagement. Our findings contribute to the understanding of persuasion, conviction, amplification, polarisation and aversion related to fake news on social media.
Maternal age at birth and child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: causal association or familial confounding?
Authors: Baker Brennan H. , Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Park Junghoon , Cha Jiook , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Posner Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Background

Causal explanations for the association of young motherhood with increased risk for child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear.

Methods

The ABCD Study recruited 11,878 youth from 22 sites across the United States between June 1, 2016 and October 15, 2018. This cross‐sectional analysis of 8,514 children aged 8–11 years excluded 2,260 twins/triplets, 265 adopted children, and 839 younger siblings. We examined associations of maternal age with ADHD clinical range diagnoses based on the Child Behavior Checklist and NIH Toolbox Flanker Attention Scores using mixed logistic and linear regression models, respectively. We conducted confounding and causal mediation analyses using genotype array, demographic, socioeconomic, and prenatal environment data to investigate which genetic and environmental variables may explain the association between young maternal age and child ADHD.

Results

In crude models, each 10‐year increase in maternal age was associated with 32% decreased odds of ADHD clinical range diagnosis (OR = 0.68; 95% CI [0.59, 0.78]) and 1.09‐points increased NIH Flanker Attention Scores (β = 1.09; 95% CI [0.76, 1.41]), indicating better child visual selective attention. However, adjustment for confounders weakened these associations. The strongest confounders were family income, caregiver education, and ADHD polygenic risk score for ADHD clinical range diagnoses, and family income, caregiver education, and race/ethnicity for NIH Flanker Attention Scores. Breastfeeding duration, prenatal alcohol exposure, and prenatal tobacco exposure were responsible for up to 18%, 6%, and 4% mediation, respectively.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic disadvantages were likely the primary explanation for the association of young maternal age with child ADHD, although genetics and modifiable environmental factors also played a role. Public policies aimed at reducing the burden of ADHD associated with young motherhood should target socioeconomic inequalities and support young pregnant women by advocating for reduced prenatal tobacco exposure and healthy breastfeeding practices after childbirth.
Explaining the influence of non‐shared environment (NSE) on symptoms of behaviour problems from preschool to adulthood: mind the missing NSE gap
Authors: Gidziela Agnieszka , Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili , McMillan Andrew , Ronald Angelica , Viding Essi , Pike Alison , Asbury Kathryn , Eley Thalia C. , von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert
Published: November 2022

Background

Individual differences in symptoms of behaviour problems in childhood and adolescence are not primarily due to nature or nurture – another substantial source of variance is non‐shared environment (NSE). However, few specific environmental factors have been found to account for these NSE estimates. This creates a ‘missing NSE' gap analogous to the ‘missing heritability’ gap, which refers to the shortfall in identifying DNA differences responsible for heritability. We assessed the extent to which variance in behaviour problem symptoms during the first two decades of life can be accounted for by measured NSE effects after controlling for genetics and shared environment.

Methods

The sample included 4,039 pairs of twins in the Twins Early Development Study whose environments and symptoms of behaviour problems were assessed in preschool, childhood, adolescence and early adulthood via parent, teacher and self‐reports. Twin‐specific environments were assessed via parent‐reports, including early life adversity, parental feelings, parental discipline and classroom environment. Multivariate longitudinal twin model‐fitting was employed to estimate the variance in behaviour problem symptoms at each age that could be predicted by environmental measures at the previous age.

Results

On average across childhood, adolescence and adulthood, parent‐rated NSE composite measures accounted for 3.4% of the reliable NSE variance (1.0% of the total variance) in parent‐rated, symptoms of behaviour problems, 0.5% (0.1%) in teacher‐rated symptoms and 0.9% (0.5%) in self‐rated symptoms after controlling for genetics, shared environment and error of measurement. Cumulatively across development, our parent‐rated NSE measures in preschool, childhood and adolescence predicted 4.7% of the NSE variance (2.0% of the total variance) in parent‐rated and 0.3% (0.2%) in self‐rated behaviour problem symptoms in adulthood.

Conclusions

The missing NSE gap between variance explained by measured environments and total NSE variance is large. Home and classroom environments are more likely to influence behaviour problem symptoms via genetics than via NSE.
Post‐colonoscopy cancer rate at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia: A data linkage analysis
Authors: Lamba Mehul , Khaing Myat Myat , Ma Xiaomin , Ryan Kimberley , Appleyard Mark , Leggett Barbara , Grimpen Florian
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed following a cancer‐negative colonoscopy is termed as post‐colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC). The World Endoscopy Organization has recently standardized the definition of PCCRC‐3Y (CRC developing within 3 years of a cancer‐negative colonoscopy). In the present study, we sought to assess PCCRC‐3Y rate, perform root‐cause analyses, and identify factors associated with development of PCCRC at a tertiary referral hospital in Australia.

Methods

All patients undergoing colonoscopy from 2011 to 2018 were matched to a population‐based cancer register. PCCRC‐3Y rate was assessed for years 2011–2015. All PCCRC cases that developed within 6–48 months after a cancer‐negative colonoscopy underwent root‐cause analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.

Results

Among 17 828 patients undergoing colonoscopy, 367 CRC cases were diagnosed during the study period. This included nine PCCRC cases, which developed at a median of 14 months (range 7–34 months) after cancer‐negative colonoscopy. The PCCRC‐3Y rate for years 2011–2015 was 2.16% (95% CI 0.91–5.15). All nine PCCRC cases were moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas; seven of nine were early‐stage CRC (stages I and II) and six of nine probably represented missed lesions at index colonoscopy despite an apparently adequate examination. History of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (odds ratio [OR] 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6–103.7, P < 0.001) and diverticulosis (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.4–20.5, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with development of missed CRC.

Conclusions

In our tertiary referral colonoscopy cohort, PCCRC‐3Y rate was 2.16% (95% CI 0.91–5.15). IBD and diverticulosis were significantly associated with risk of PCCRC. The majority of PCCRC lesions were likely missed at index colonoscopy, despite an apparently adequate examination.
Applying sunscreen SPF 50 with high antioxidant capacity during fifteen days improves the dermis echogenicity and reduces the reddish skin undertone
Authors: Infante Victor Hugo Pacagnelli , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves
Published: November 2022

Background

Of the many effects induced by UV radiation on the skin, erythema is one of the most well‐known features, which is a cutaneous inflammatory reaction correlated with acute photodamage. The utilization of sunscreen may reduce this process.

Aims

To evaluate the utilization of a sunscreen SPF50 with high antioxidant capacity during 15 days by young men without photoprotection habits.

Methods

For this, we evaluated erythema, skin hydration properties, and dermis echogenicity using skin imaging techniques. Forty male participants (aged between 18 and 28 years old), 36 without previous photoprotection habits, were recruited, and the erythema was evaluated using a visual score and skin colorimeter. Macroscopic images (VivaCam®) were also obtained. Dermis echogenicity was evaluated using high‐frequency ultrasonography. All the participants received a sunscreen SPF 50 to use for 15 days.

Results

The visual score presented a strong correlation (r = 0.8657) with the colorimeter results. Visually and using the biophysical methodologies was possible to observe the reduction of the visual erythema. The dermis echogenicity also improved, probably correlated with the acute inflammation reduction. No alterations were observed in the skin hydration and skin barrier parameters.

Conclusions

The utilization of complementary and correlated different skin biophysical and imaging techniques in this study allows a better comprehension regarding the skin early photoaging process due the direct sun exposure. The utilization with a SPF 50 sunscreen with high antioxidant potential allows for a reduction in the erythema after 15 days of usage, a quick result, however, did not improved the skin barrier or SC hydration.
Patients' experiences with a welfare technology application for remote home care: A longitudinal study
Authors: Oelschlägel Lina , Christensen Vivi L. , Moen Anne , Heggdal Kristin , Österlind Jane , Dihle Alfhild , Steindal Simen A.
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

To explore the longitudinal experiences using an application named remote home care for remote palliative care among patients with cancer living at home.

Background

Introducing welfare technology in home‐based care for patients with cancer in the palliative phase is internationally suggested as a measure to remotely support palliative care needs. However, little is known about the experiences of patients utilising welfare technology applications to receive home‐based care from healthcare professionals in a community care context. Although living with cancer in the palliative phase often presents rapidly changing ailments, emotions and challenges with patients' needs changing accordingly, no studies exploring the longitudinal experiences of patients were found.

Design

A qualitative study with a longitudinal, exploratory design.

Methods

Data were collected through individual interviews with 11 patients over 16 weeks. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist guided the reporting of the study.

Results

Three themes were identified: (1) potential to facilitate self‐governance of life‐limiting illness in daily life, (2) need for interpersonal relationships and connections, and (3) experiences of increased responsibility and unclear utility of the Remote Home Care.

Conclusion

The results showed that remote home care facilitated patients' daily routines, symptom control and improved illness‐management at home. Interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals were considered pivotal for satisfactory follow‐up. Infrastructural glitches regarding data access, information sharing and lack of continuous adjustments of the application represented major challenges, with the potential to impose a burden on patients with cancer in the palliative phase.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

By exploring the experiences of patients in palliative care over time as the disease progresses, this study provides constructive insights for the design and development of welfare technology applications and optimal care strategies.

Patient or Public Contribution

The remote home care was developed by interdisciplinary healthcare professionals.
Relational Health as a Pathway from Trauma to Flourishing in School Communities
Authors: Whitaker Robert C. , Herman Allison N. , Dearth‐Wesley Tracy
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Because traumatic life experiences are common, teaching and learning can be difficult without recognizing how trauma can make people feel psychologically unsafe. Safety can be restored through healthy relationships.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORY

We present a framework for how relational health—the capacity to develop and maintain safe, stable, and nurturing relationships with others—may allow flourishing in school communities, even amidst past and ongoing adversity. We propose four key assets for relational health—awareness of self, acceptance of self, awareness of others, and acceptance of others. To support this framework, we developed a relational asset score using data from a survey of 214 early childhood education professionals and examined its association with meaningful work, purpose in life, work satisfaction, and intention to stay in one's program.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH

School health requires relational health. Research should evaluate the associations between relational assets and the perceptions of safety and connection in school communities. Leadership can prioritize relational health by supporting staff in building and using their relational assets.

CONCLUSIONS

School communities may be more likely to flourish, even amidst adversity, if all adults in the community prioritize relational health, which provides the psychological safety required for teaching and learning.
Judgement of sleep quality of the previous night changes as the day unfolds: A prospective experience sampling study
Authors: Tang Nicole K. Y. , Banks Ptolemy D. W. , Sanborn Adam N.
Published: November 2022

How we form judgements of sleep quality is poorly understood. Emerging literature suggests that people infer their sleep quality based on multiple sources of accessible information, raising the possibility that sleep quality judgement may evolve as new relevant information becomes available. This study investigated whether people's rating of sleep quality of the night before changes throughout the following day, and what post‐sleep factors are associated with the changes. A prospective experience sampling study of 119 healthy young adults, who completed eight short online surveys interspaced 2 hr apart from 08:00 hours to 22:00 hours. Each survey asked the participants to report total sleep time and sleep quality of the night before, and to provide ratings of current mood, physical and social activity, and pain/discomfort. A memory test was added to the final survey of the day to measure the participants' recall of their first survey responses to sleep quality, as well as total sleep time and mood. The absolute majority (91.1%) of the participants had one or more change in their sleep quality rating across the eight surveys. A similar percentage of change was found for mood rating (100%) but not total sleep time report (20.5%). Memory test in the final survey revealed that the within‐person variations in sleep quality rating were not simply memory errors. Instead, positive physical activity post‐sleep predicted increases in sleep quality rating. Therefore, judgement of sleep quality of the night before changes as the day unfolds, and post‐sleep information can be used by people to infer their sleep quality.
Sleep deficiency, operational fatigue and the interplay of compromising factors: Analysis to aid in fatigue management
Authors: Jameson Jason T. , Markwald Rachel R. , Kubala Andrew G. , Roma Peter G. , Biggs Adam T. , Lai Kevin , Russell Dale W.
Published: November 2022

The United States Navy is a high‐reliability organization that must maintain optimum performance under challenging conditions. One key challenge for sailors is obtaining sufficient sleep, which can lead to fatigue and other outcomes that compromise operational readiness. Identifying sleep issues and their causes is critical for military leaders to care for their personnel, and to make informed, risk‐based operational decisions. Though previous studies in shipboard environments have implicated factors responsible for insufficient sleep (e.g. poor sleep environment and work demands), there has been less research into characterizing the complex interplay among such factors in relation to sleep and work‐related fatigue outcomes. This study seeks to address this gap. Data were drawn from the Afloat Safety Climate Assessment Survey of 7617 sailors from 73 ships. The survey included demographic characteristics and measures of crew endurance (e.g. sleep, occupational impairment due to fatigue). Descriptive analyses characterized the presence and severity of sleep issues across subpopulations and operational settings (e.g. the type of ship); structural equation modelling techniques characterized and quantified the statistical associations among factors. The results indicate that sleep deficits are widespread, holding across subpopulations and operational settings. Though sleep deficits varied across subpopulations, no group obtained an average of more than 7 hr of sleep per night. Fatigue‐induced occupational functional impairment was directly related to sleep deficiency, and sleep environment and job‐related factors were contributors to sleep deficiency. Moreover, job‐related factors emerged as potentially more consequential. Lastly, factors may exist aboard a ship that could help promote better sleep.
Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ling Jiying , Chen Sisi , Zahry Nagwan R. , Kao Tsui‐Sui Annie
Published: November 2022

To update existing literature and fill the gap in meta‐analyses, this meta‐analysis quantitatively evaluated the worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood overweight and obesity in comparison with healthy weight. The literature search in eight databases produced 7756 records. After literature screening, 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. The increased annual total medical costs were $237.55 per capita attributable to childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity caused a per capita increase of $56.52, $14.27, $46.38, and $1975.06 for costs in nonhospital healthcare, outpatient visits, medication, and hospitalization, respectively. Length of hospital stays increased by 0.28 days. Annual direct and indirect costs were projected to be $13.62 billion and $49.02 billion by 2050. Childhood obesity ascribed to much higher increased healthcare costs than overweight. During childhood, the direct medical expenditures were higher for males than for females, but, once reaching adulthood, the expenditures were higher for females. Overall, the lifetime costs attributable to childhood overweight and obesity were higher in males than in females, and childhood overweight and obesity resulted in much higher indirect costs than direct healthcare costs. Given the increased economic burden, additional efforts and resources should be allocated to support sustainable and scalable childhood obesity programs.
Relationship between CIED extent of displacement toward the shoulder while in the supine position and shoulder impairment
Authors: Cosgun Muharrem Said , Cosgun Cansu
Published: November 2022

Background

Device‐related shoulder impairment is a common complication in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) recipients. This study examined the relationship between the extent of device displacement toward the shoulder while in the supine position and ipsilateral shoulder impairment.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 142 consecutive patients with CIEDs. The effects of the extent of device displacement on functional limitations, muscle strength, pain–disability, and quality of life were evaluated. Range of motion (ROM), grip strength (GS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the 36‐item Short‐Form (SF‐36) Health Survey were used.

Results

The mean device displacement was greater in patients with than without device‐related shoulder impairment (51 ± 19 vs. 38 ± 15 mm; p < .001). Female gender (p = .046), high body mass index (p = .008), and defibrillator implantation (p = .004) were significantly more frequent in patients with than without impairment. Patients with excessive device displacement had significantly higher ROM limitation rates (p = .003) and SPADI scores (p = .02) and significantly lower GS (p = .04) and SF‐36 scores (p = .032). Defibrillator implantation (OR: 2.569, 95% CI: 1.216–4.681; p = .03) and the extent of device displacement (OR: 1.502, 95% CI: 1.186–1.852; p = .01) were independent predictors of shoulder impairment.

Conclusions

Excessive displacement of the device toward the shoulder while in the supine position causes shoulder impairment by contacting more muscle fibers. Obese female patients with defibrillators have the highest risk.
Instagram, risky drinking and main health effects in Spanish adolescents in the COVID‐19 pandemic. A qualitative study
Authors: Tarriño‐Concejero Lorena , de Diego‐Cordero Rocio , García‐Carpintero Muñoz Mª Ángeles
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Instagram, alcohol consumption and the impact on adolescent health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design and sample

A qualitative study was carried out with 13 focus groups, involving 38 interviews. The fieldwork was conducted between January and December 2021 using a semi‐structured script with three main categories. The research was carried out by a team specialized in adolescent risks and qualitative research.

Results

Three main categories were established: (1) The COVID‐19 pandemic, Instagram and Risky Drinking, (2) Risk prevention and control strategies and (3) Effects on health. The participants (n = 118) reported greater alcohol consumption among Instagram users, either because this social media platform was used to spread the practice of alcohol consumption, or because they were affected by the content posted by digital marketers, Instagrammers, and/or contacts on Instagram. More than half of the sample (67.8%) had health problems (loss of control, headaches, difficulty in breathing, trembling, anxiety attacks, vomiting, tiredness, blackouts, and absence seizures), of whom 35% required urgent attention from their parents and/or the health services.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to prevent risky drinking related to the use of social networking sites (SNSs) and its main health effects.
The global burden of respiratory infectious diseases before and beyond COVID
Authors: Waterer Grant
Published: November 2022

See related article
Systematic review to compare the outcomes associated with the modalities of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) versus high‐flux hemodialysis and/or hemodiafiltration (HDF) in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD)
Authors: Mitchell Catherine R. , Hornig Carsten , Canaud Bernard
Published: November 2022

Background

This systematic review was performed to identify recent published comparative evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) versus high‐flux HD and/or hemodiafiltration (HDF) for long‐term outcomes in end‐stage kidney disease.

Methods

Systematic literature review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Medline, Medline® Epub Ahead of Print, EconLit, Embase, and EBM reviews were searched to identify relevant publications from 2013 onwards. Eligibility criteria included clinical studies reporting mortality, hospitalizations, cardiovascular outcomes, economic evaluations, cost studies, and quality of life (QoL) studies.

Results

A total of 79 relevant studies were identified with 29 prioritized for detailed analysis; four compared HDx to HD, one compared HDF and HDx, and 24 compared HDF with HD. A total of 13 randomized controlled trial (RCT)‐based studies were identified; 11 compared HDF with HD, one compared HDx with HD, and one compared HDF with HDx. Follow‐up duration ranged from 16 weeks to 7 years for HDF studies and from 12 weeks to 1 year for HDx studies. HDF showed significant improvements in mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalizations, and QoL versus high‐flux HD. One study reported mortality outcomes for HDx and found no difference versus HDF. QoL benefits with HDx were reported in a small number of studies.

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of HDF is supported by a robust evidence base that includes several RCTs. While HDx may offer benefits over high‐flux HD, long‐term studies are required to compare HDx with online high volume HDF.

Registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301009.
Street‐level traffic flow and context sensing analysis through semantic integration of multisource geospatial data
Authors: Zhang Yatao , Raubal Martin
Published: November 2022

Sensing urban spaces from multisource geospatial data is vital to understanding the transportation system in the urban context. However, the complexity of urban context and its indirect interaction with traffic flow deepen the difficulty of exploring their relationship. This study proposes a geo‐semantic framework first to generate semantic representations of multi‐hierarchical urban context and street‐level traffic flow, and then investigate their mutual correlation and predictability using a novel semantic matching method. The results demonstrate that each street is associated with its multi‐hierarchical spatial signatures of urban context and street‐level temporal signatures of traffic flow. The correlation between urban context and traffic flow displays higher values after semantic matching than those in multi‐hierarchies. Moreover, we found that utilizing traffic flow to predict urban context results in better accuracy than the reversed prediction. The results of signature analysis and relationship exploration can contribute to a deeper understanding of context‐aware transportation research.
Mutation of phytochrome B promotes resistance to sheath blight and saline–alkaline stress via increasing ammonium uptake in rice
Authors: Jung Jin Hee , Li Zhuo , Chen Huan , Yang Shuo , Li Dandan , Priatama Ryza A , Kumar Vikranth , Xuan Yuan Hu
Published: November 2022

Phytochrome B (PhyB), a red‐light receptor, plays important roles in diverse biological processes in plants; however, its function in NH4+ uptake and stress responses of plants is unclear. Here, we observed that mutation in indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10), which encodes a key transcription factor in NH4+ signaling, led to NH4+‐sensitive root growth in light but not in the dark. Genetic combinations of idd10 and phy mutants demonstrated that phyB, but not phyA or phyC, suppressed NH4+‐sensitive root growth of idd10. PhyB mutants and PhyB overexpressors (PhyB OXs) accumulated more and less NH4+, respectively, compared with wild‐type plants. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) revealed that PhyB negatively regulated NH4+‐mediated induction of Ammonium transporter 1;2 (AMT1;2). AMT1 RNAi plants with suppressed AMT1;1, AMT1;2, and AMT1;3 expression exhibited shorter primary roots under NH4+ conditions. This suggested that NH4+ uptake might be positively associated with root growth. Further, PhyB interacted with and inhibited IDD10 and brassinazole‐resistant 1 (BZR1). IDD10 interacted with BZR1 to activate AMT1;2. NH4+ uptake is known to promote resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to sheath blight (ShB) and saline–alkaline stress. Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani demonstrated that PhyB and IDD10 negatively regulated and AMT1 and BZR1 positively regulated resistance of rice to ShB. In addition, PhyB negatively regulated and IDD10 and AMT1 positively regulated resistance of rice to saline–alkaline stress. This suggested that PhyB–IDD10–AMT1;2 signaling regulates the saline–alkaline response, whereas the PhyB–BZR1–AMT1;2 pathway modulates ShB resistance. Collectively, these data prove that mutation in the PhyB gene enhances the resistance of rice to ShB and saline–alkaline stress by increasing NH4+ uptake.
Models of English for research publication purposes
Authors: Flowerdew John
Published: November 2022

English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP) is a sub‐field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP), itself a sub‐field of applied linguistics. This article considers ERPP from a world Englishes perspective, considering the question as to what sort of English is appropriate for ERPP: the standardised model, as preferred at present, or a varietal, world Englishes, model, which would take more account of the fact that the majority of scholars publishing their work in English are no longer Anglophones, but use English as an additional language (EAL). The article is in two parts. In the first part, the case for ‘Standard English’ is presented, while the second part presents the case for a varietal model. In spite of some limited evidence of world Englishes encroaching into international journals, the latter remain fundamentally conservative and anchored in Standard English. Factors which might increase the use of world Englishes are outlined.
The Methodological Way out for Contemporary Philosophical Difficulty
Authors: Cai-ying Han
Published: November 2022

Today’s philosophy is not so self-consistent, the difficulty of which actually lies as follows: in the ontological presupposition the domain of its discourse is shrinking, in its theoretical construction it tends to be self-proclaimed, and in its reason construction it shows the tendency of one-sided concern. Philosophical reasons are differentiated and have collapsed. Philosophical reasons of this kind are problematic. They should be reconstructed as a whole. By putting the theoretical orientation of philosophy to such a way that the structural and the historical approaches integrate with each other, we can reconstruct philosophy as a holistic wisdom. This integration is such an approach that reconstructs human cultural reasons as a whole. It is both broad and dialectical. So it is necessary for us to establish an academic mechanism regarding such a wisdom form of the scope of the cultural existence of man, for philosophy is self-consistent only when it can effectively dissolve the notional conflicts between various culture forms of human beings and when it can promote the comprehension and harmony between cultures.
The Youtube Companion to Film Education
Authors: Malhotra Supriti
Published: November 2022

The digital economy has expanded the global commercial sphere into portable devices for improved access to consumer data and increased trade opportunities. The proliferation of internet users across multiple social media platforms has influenced not only trade, but global media and communication. As platforms for user-generated content such as YouTube and TikTok show no signs of decelerating, the availability of digital technologies has spawned content creators worldwide. As the world’s second-most visited website, and India’s top OTT platform for media consumption, the influence of YouTube extends beyond music and entertainment. A content-sharing platform that also offers opportunities for informal learning, YouTube is causing a paradigm shift in global education including cinematic pedagogy. Based on the Jungian theory of individuation and through a schizoanalytical Deleuzian lens, this research paper examines the ubiquity of YouTube as an educational alternative among media and communication students in India. The research design will employ mixed methodologies to understand semiotic patterns in media consumption in terms of informal learning and meaning-making practices. These include descriptive analysis for individual variables and correlation analysis of variables. The research study will help determine YouTube trends in cinematic pedagogy among media and communication students in India and enable replicable analysis of informal learning paradigms facilitated by digital technologies and the concomitant consumer surplus.
Crisis as Emotional Labour in the News. Assessing the Trauma Frame During the Economic and the Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Angelou Ioannis , Katsaounidou Anastasia , Papadopoulou Lambrini
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on the way(s) that the economic and the pandemic crisis were covered by media outlets and aims to research whether journalists’ own feelings and experiences of covering both these traumatic events were depicted in their news articles. Drawing on Semetko and Valkenburg’s (2000) set of five generic frames this study focuses on Greece, a country that has been severely hit by both these crises and brings together theories about journalism as emotional labour that defy the prevailing notion of the distant and neutral observers. Moving one step further, this study argues that journalists convey their source’s emotions, but in some cases, they also reveal their own feelings through their news articles. Findings suggest that apart from the already documented frames, (i.e., attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality), journalists used the trauma frame, a notion we use to refer to news articles that essentially reflect and reveal journalists’ own emotions. This finding refutes the traditional understanding of quality journalistic discourse as one stripped of emotional expression and opens new pathways for research.
Hot Pursuit
Authors: Langston Lee S.
Published: November 2022

Fueling gas turbines with hydrogen was a path not taken by early innovators. And for good reasons: Hydrogen atoms are so reactive that very little molecular hydrogen is available. Hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane, kerosene, and gasoline, became the energy source of choice for the technology. But the need to reduce carbon emissions has revived interest in hydrogen fuel.
Effect of relative humidity on the efficacy of entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana-based mycopesticide against red spider mite Tetranychus macfarlanei
Authors: Sabri Md. Nahian-al , Jahan Mahbuba , Gotoh Tetsuo , Döker İsmail , Ullah Mohammad Shaef
Published: November 2022

Tetranychus macfarlanei is a potential threat to various economically important crops. Chemical control is widely used to control this spider mite, but the exclusive reliance on chemical acaricides is now being questioned, and entomopathogens are emerging as a promising alternative. The efficacy of the entomopathogens largely depends on abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall etc. The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of relative humidity on the efficacy of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (strain GHA), marketed as BotaniGard ES, against the adult female and egg stages of T. macfarlanei under laboratory conditions. Adult females and eggs of T. macfarlanei were treated with three concentrations of BotaniGard (1×106, 1×107, and 1×108 conidia/ml), and virulence was assessed on mites held at three relative humidity levels (55, 75, and 95 ± 2% RH) at 25 ± 1 °C. The results showed that the mortalities of adult females and eggs of T. macfarlanei were dose-dependent, and there is certainly a synergistic effect of relative humidity on the efficacy. When the eggs were treated under the above laboratory conditions, highest egg mortalities of 86.4 and 91% were recorded at a concentration of 1×108 conidia/mL at 75 and 95 ± 2% RH, respectively, after six days of treatment. The LT50 values on adult females were 28.7 h and 33.4 h at 95 and 75 ± 2% RH in a concentration of 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively, which was significantly lower than values for other concentrations and RH levels. This study identified 1×108 conidia/ml of B. bassiana at 75 to 95 ± 2% RH as the best possible combination than other lower RH to manage the spider mite.
Detection and classification of drones using Fourier-Bessel series representation of acoustic emissions
Authors: Gopalan Kaliappan , Smolenski Brett Y. , Haddad Darren
Published: November 2022

Detection, classification, and line-of-sight range estimation of drones are vital for security, safety, and privacy reasons. Representation of the audio emissions of drones in a Fourier-Bessel (FB) series expansion is proposed for the identification of a drone and/or the prediction of its range from an observation point. A deep learning network employing the FB series coefficients as the preprocessed input has been shown to classify accurately each of seven drones flying in a controlled environment in about 84 % of cases. For the case of any one of three drones flying outdoors, presence of the drone—as opposed to background noise—was detected correctly with few false positive and false negative results. Additionally, the range of the drone—from 2.5 m to 935.6 m—was estimated to be within ±50 cm of actual line-of-sight distance in over 85 % of the available test cases.
An online identification method for virtual sensing in ANC system
Authors: Toyooka Shota , Kajikawa Yoshinobu
Published: November 2022

Active noise control (ANC) system generates anti-noise with the same amplitude and opposite phase to reduce unwanted acoustic noise based on acoustic wave superposition. In general, ANC can generate a zone of quiet (ZoQ) around the error microphone position. However, if the microphone cannot be placed at the desired position, the reduction effect may not be sufficient in the desired position. In such a case, we need to use the virtual sensing method to achieve noise reduction at the desired position without placing the physically microphone. In virtual sensing method, secondary path variation can significantly degrade performance, and secondary path modeling errors can cause the system to diverge. In this presentation, we introduce a new online identification method for auxiliary filter-based virtual sensing in ANC system. Virtual sensing with online identification requires re-estimation of not only the secondary path but also the auxiliary filters. The proposed online identification method has the capability of online identification of auxiliary filters in addition to the conventional online identification of secondary paths. We show that through computer simulations the noise reduction can be maintained by applying the proposed online identification method even when the secondary path varies.