bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Casa para destilar las aguas o Botica en el Monasterio del Escorial (Madrid, España)
Authors: Chías Navarro P. , Abad Balboa T.
Published: September 2019

A pesar de su calidad arquitectónica, los edificios de servicio del Monasterio han sido poco estudiados. Entre ellos, la Botica o Casa para destilar las aguas merece una atención especial porque desde el punto de vista funcional resuelve el cierre suroccidental del Monasterio a través de la Galería de Convalecientes y el paso a la Compaña, y presenta un conjunto de soluciones constructivas singulares de gran interés. Sobre la base de la documentación histórica que se conserva, hemos datado las fases de construcción, hipótesis que se han confirmado a través de un levantamiento de precisión –hasta ahora inexistente– realizado por métodos directos y mediante un escáner láser.
Ground‐penetrating radar evaluation of the ancient Mycenaean monument Tholos Acharnon tomb
Authors: Santos‐Assunçao S. , Dimitriadis K. , Konstantakis Y. , Perez‐Gracia V. , Anagnostopoulou E. , Gonzalez‐Drigo R.
Published: September 2019

The assessment of cultural heritage requires high‐resolution and non‐destructive methodologies. Ground‐penetrating radar is widely applied in the inspection of historical buildings. However, some structures with curved surfaces make the radar data acquisition process difficult and consequently the following data interpretation. This paper describes a case study concerning a circular and buried Greek monument. This monument is a magnificent tomb buried with irregular stones. However, its structure and the internal stones arrangement are unknown. Therefore, a radar survey was carried out to achieve two main objectives: (i) identification of hidden elements and arrangement of the stones and (ii) detection of specific zones where further restoration and maintenance should be recommended. The methodology for the radar data acquisition involves the use of a laser scan in order to define accurately each radar line, covering all the internal surface of the tomb. Radar data processing was developed by converting Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates. This procedure allows defining better the internal anomalies, improving the radar data interpretation. The main results of the survey were three: (i) the presence of a hidden target buried in the corridor access to the tomb; (ii) the description of the internal structure of the walls of the tomb, defining the stones arrangement and the position and depth to the keystone; and (iii) the existence of delimited zones where the signal is highly attenuated, probably due to a high salt content.
A cost‐effective 3D electrical resistivity imaging approach applied to dike investigation
Authors: Jodry Clara , Palma Lopes Sèrgio , Fargier Yannick , Côte Philippe , Sanchez Martin
Published: September 2019

Although DC electrical resistivity imaging is widely applied to dike investigation, either rapid 2D or high‐resolution 3D approaches fail to address actual needs. An intermediate electrical resistivity imaging approach referred to as “3D‐“ is introduced in this paper. The methodology is based on existing tools, and it offers useful and sufficiently reliable 3D images of the investigated structure within a cost‐effective and flexible procedure. The survey design, the model discretisation, and the thorough integration of a priori information are the main phases of this procedure. To demonstrate the benefits and limitations of this approach, it is applied to an existing stretch of embankment levee along the Loire River. A numerical study was carried out both on synthetic and real data to assess the 3D imaging capability of the approach and the influence of prior information on the inversion outputs. The important role of a priori information is shown to be even more essential here. The results demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of the 3D‐ approach for reliable and cost‐effective investigations of long dikes.
VEMI: a flexible interface for 3D tomographic inversion of time‐ and frequency‐domain electrical data in EIDORS
Authors: De Donno Giorgio , Cardarelli Ettore
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work is to present a MATLAB interface called Versatile interface for Electrical data Modelling and Inversion included in the EIDORS software. The interface is able to invert 2D and 3D electrical data acquired in the time or the frequency domain, both for cylindrical and prismatic geometries. Therefore, it can be a flexible tool for inversion of both real‐ and complex‐valued resistivity tomography data acquired in the laboratory and in the field. The forward solver has been proved to be stable and accurate through a comparison with an analytical solution, whereas the inverse solution, achieved through a Gauss‐Newton routine with an optimised damping inner loop, can be performed with the help of other useful tools incorporating a priori information in the inversion process. The reliability of the Versatile interface for Electrical data Modelling and Inversion has been tested through a 3D laboratory example, where both time‐ and frequency‐domain data and two 3D field example with time‐domain data were acquired. The 3D laboratory example, simulating a shallow aquifer contaminated by a chlorinated solvent (hydrofluoroether), demonstrated the reliability of the Versatile interface for Electrical data Modelling and Inversion to detect the contaminant pathway within the physical model. Hydrofluoroether is clearly visible on phase and chargeability models, where the highest phase values are located underneath the spilling point, even though it remains undistinguishable in the resistivity and amplitude ones. Through the combined analysis of the inverted chargeability and phase models, we can reduce the degree of uncertainty in the interpretation of geophysical models. These results were also validated through comparison with the respective synthetic models simulated in a previous paper by the same authors. Real‐world tests have been performed on a closed landfill where few a priori information are available about the original design and on an industrial site contaminated by chlorinated solvents. In the former case, we reconstruct a three‐layer configuration (covering, waste and bottom liner), where the effective layering inferred from the resistivity model is confirmed by the chargeability one. In the latter case, we detect the chlorinated solvents within the deeper aquifer through a combined analysis of the resistivity and chargeability models, where the very high resistivity values are associated with high chargeability.
Facies discrimination with electrical resistivity tomography using a probabilistic methodology: effect of sensitivity and regularisation
Authors: Hermans Thomas , Irving James
Published: September 2019

Electrical resistivity tomography has become a standard geophysical method in the field of hydrogeology, as it has the potential to provide important information regarding the spatial distribution of facies. However, inverted electrical resistivity tomography images tend to be grossly smoothed versions of reality because of the regularisation of the inverse problem. In this study, we use a probabilistic methodology based upon co‐located measurements to assess the utility of electrical resistivity tomography to identify hydrofacies in alluvial aquifers. With this methodology, electrical resistivity tomography images are interpreted in terms of the probability of belonging to pre‐defined hydrofacies. We first analyse through a synthetic study the ability of electrical resistivity tomography to discriminate between different facies. As electrical resistivity tomography data suffer from a loss of sensitivity with depth, we find that low‐sensitivity regions are more affected by misclassification. To counteract this effect, we adapt the probabilistic framework to include the spatially varying data sensitivity. We then apply our learning to a field case. For the latter, we consider two different regularisation procedures. In contrast to the data sensitivity that affects the facies probability to a limited amount, the regularisation can affect the probability maps more considerably because it has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of inverted resistivity. We find that a regularisation strategy based on the most realistic prior information tends to offer the most reliable discrimination of facies. Our results confirm the ability of electrical resistivity tomography surveys, when properly designed, to detect facies variations in alluvial aquifers. The method can be easily extended to other contexts.
State‐of‐the‐art remote characterization of shallow marine sediments: the road to a fully integrated solution
Authors: Vardy Mark E. , Vanneste Maarten , Henstock Timothy J. , Clare Michael A. , Forsberg Carl Fredrik , Provenzano Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Current methods for characterizing near‐surface marine sediments rely on extensive coring/pene‐trometer testing and correlation to seismic facies. Little quantitative information is regularly derived from geophysical data beyond qualitative inferences of sediment characteristics based on seismic facies architecture. Even these fundamental seismostratigraphic interpretations can be difficult to correlate with lithostratigraphic data due to inaccuracies in the time‐to‐depth conversion of geophysical data and potential loss and/or compression of high‐porosity and under‐consolidated sea‐floor material during direct sampling. To complicate matters further, when quantitative information is derived from marine geophysical data, it often describes the sediments using terminology (e.g., acoustic impedance and seismic quality factor) that is impenetrable to geologists and engineers. In contrast, for hydrocarbon prospecting, reservoir characterization using quantitative inversion of geophysical data has developed enormously over the past 20 years or more. Impedance and amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion techniques are now commonplace, whereas computationally expensive waveform inversions are gaining traction, and there is a well‐developed interface between these geophysical and reservoir engineering fields via rock physics.

In this paper, we collate and review the different published inversion methods for high‐resolution geophysical data. Using several case study examples spanning a broad range of depositional environments, we assess the current state of the art in remote characterization of shallow sediments from a multidisciplinary viewpoint, encompassing geophysical, geological, and geotechnical angles. By identifying the key parameters used to characterize the subsurface, a framework is developed whereby geological, geotechnical, and geophysical characterizations of the subsurface can be related in a less subjective manner. As part of this, we examine the sensitivity of commonly derived acoustic properties (e.g., acoustic impedance and seismic quality factor) to more fundamentally important soil properties (e.g., lithology, pore pressure, gas saturation, and undrained shear strength), thereby facilitating better integration between geological, geotechnical, and geophysical data for improved mapping of sediment properties. Ultimately, we present a number of ideas for future research activities in this field.
Comparison of stabiliser functions for surface NMR inversions
Authors: Grombacher Denys , Fiandaca Gianluca , Behroozmand Ahmad A. , Auken Esben
Published: September 2019

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance is a geophysical technique providing non‐invasive aquifer characterization. Two approaches are commonly used to invert surface nuclear magnetic resonance data: (1) inversions involving many depth layers of fixed thickness and (2) few‐layer inversions without predetermined layer thicknesses. The advantage of the many‐layer approach is that it requires little a priori knowledge. However, the many‐layer inversion is extremely ill‐posed and regularisation must be used to produce a reliable result. For optimal performance, the selected regularisation scheme must reflect all available a priori information. The standard regularisation scheme for many‐layer surface nuclear magnetic resonance inversions employs an L2 smoothness stabiliser, which results in subsurface models with smoothly varying parameters. Such a stabiliser struggles to reproduce sharp contrasts in subsurface properties, like those present in a layered subsurface (a common near‐surface hydrogeological environment). To investigate if alternative stabilisers can be used to improve the performance of the many‐layer inversion in layered environments, the performance of the standard smoothness stabiliser is compared against two alternative stabilisers: (1) a stabiliser employing the L1‐norm and (2) a minimum gradient support stabiliser. Synthetic results are presented to compare the performance of the many‐layer inversion for different stabiliser functions. The minimum gradient support stabiliser is observed to improve the performance of the many‐layer inversion for a layered subsurface, being able to reproduce both smooth and sharp vertical variations of the model parameters. Implementation of the alternative stabilisers into existing surface nuclear magnetic resonance inversion software is straightforward and requires little modification to existing codes.
GPR data reconstruction method based on compressive sensing and K‐SVD
Authors: Xu Juncai , Shen Zhenzhong , Tian Zhenhong
Published: September 2019

Missing and irregular ground‐penetrating radar trace data resulting from sampling conditions are important issues in engineering. This study adopted compressive sensing theory to reconstruct missing ground‐penetrating radar trace data. A ground‐penetrating radar data reconstruction method was established based on compressive sensing theory and K‐singular value decomposition. The method used the sampling matrix of the missing data as the measurement matrix and the K‐singular value decomposition algorithm to obtain a complete dictionary of sparse coefficients. A traditional dictionary cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the data features; the proposed method resolved this problem. The iteratively reweighted least‐squares method was used to reconstruct the missing trace data. Two experiments on the recovery of missing ground‐penetrating radar data through a simulation and a field example were conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Studies of parameter correlations in surface NMR using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method
Authors: Andersen Kristoffer R. , Wan Ling , Grombacher Denys , Lin Tingting , Auken Esben
Published: September 2019

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance is a technique capable of providing insight into subsurface aquifer properties. To produce estimates of aquifer properties (such as the spatial distribution of water content and parameters controlling the duration of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal), an inversion is required. Essential to the reliable interpretation of the estimated subsurface models is an understanding of the uncertainty and correlation between the parameters in the estimated models. To quantify parameter uncertainty and correlation in the surface nuclear magnetic resonance inversion, a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is demonstrated. Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches have been previously employed to invert surface nuclear magnetic resonance data, but the primary focus has been on quantifying parameter uncertainty. The focus of this paper is to further investigate whether the parameters in the estimated models exhibit correlation with one another; equally important to building a reliable interpretation of the subsurface is an understanding of the parameter uncertainty. The utility of the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is demonstrated through the investigation of three questions. The first question investigates whether the parameters describing the water content and thickness of a layer exhibit a strong correlation. This question stems from applying concepts known to electromagnetic surveys (that the layer thickness and layer resistivity parameters are strongly correlated) to the surface nuclear magnetic resonance inversion. A water content–layer thickness correlation in surface nuclear magnetic resonance would not have large effects for quantifying total water content but would affect the ability to identify layer boundaries. The second question examines whether the parameter controlling the duration of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal exhibits a correlation with the water content and layer thickness parameters. The resolution of surface nuclear magnetic resonance typically does not consider the duration of the signal and focuses primarily on the distribution of current amplitudes that form the suite of transmit pulses. It is common to treat regions with short‐duration signal with greater uncertainty, but it is important to understand whether the signal duration controls resolution for medium to long duration signals as well. The third question explores if the parameter uncertainty produced by the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is consistent with that produced by an alternative approach based upon the posterior covariance matrix (for the linearised inversion). The ability of the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to more thoroughly explore the model space provides a means to improve the reliability of surface nuclear magnetic resonance aquifer characterisations by quantifying parameter uncertainty and correlation.
Interpolating GPR data using anti‐alias singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method
Authors: Martins Saulo S. , Travassos Jandyr M. , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: September 2019

Ground Penetrating Radar data are often acquired along profiles employing bistatic equipment with a fixed distance between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) antennae. Even in cases where more than two antennae are used, the number of channels tends to be relatively small, resulting in either a limited number of offsets or gathers with inadequate far offsets. Estimating stacking velocity and performing migration from this type of datasets are difficult. In this paper, we present techniques to interpolate both aliased and non‐aliased datasets in the offset domain and the common‐midpoint domain. The latter permits us to increase the fold of the survey and consequently improve the process of velocity analysis and migration. We assess the reconstruction efficiency of the interpolator using both synthetic and real data to different degrees of decimating. In both cases, the unaliased version of both datasets provides an accurate solution for a careful comparative analysis. At the end of this work, we make a further comparison between the resulting migrated and stacked sections for both the original and reconstructed datasets in order to highlight the efficiency of the interpolation algorithms.
Chemical Characterization of the Crystalline Phases in Agglomerated Fluxes and Slags for Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Authors: Khamouli Farida , Zidani Mosbah , Digheche Kaltoum , Saoudi Adel , Moussi Hend , Atoui L'Hadi
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work is to study the difference between the crystalline phases of used fluxes and obtained slags after Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). It is well known that The weld pool solidifies into the weld metal while the lighter molten flux floats on the top surface and solidifies as a slag layer that can be easily removed .The effects of individual flux ingredients as well as their interaction effects on weld metal composition have been investigated in this paper. The mass concentrations between fluxes (FA, FB and FC) and slags (SA, SB and SC) summarize the physico-chemical behavior of elements transfer between base metal, filler metal, flux and slag forming during welding of pipelines by SMAW process. The analysis of different fluxes phases and slags by X-ray diffraction allowed to detect the presence of different crystalline phases, which were formed at low temperature (T <1000°C) heat treatments, and during fluxes confection. As for the slags, the presence of new crystalline phases which have been formed at high temperatures.
Ewing’s Sarcoma with Distant Metastasis: A Brief Note on Management and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Meshram Girish Gulab , Kaur Neeraj , Hura Kanwaljeet Singh
Published: September 2019

Ewing’s sarcoma is an aggressive fatal malignancy of bones and soft-tissue. It predominantly affects the young population, with a worldwide incidence of three cases per million. The pelvis, extremities, and ribs are the most common sites. We present a case of massive Ewing’s sarcoma of the right femur with metastasis to bones and lungs. The patient was treated with chemotherapy. However, he succumbed to his illness before completion of therapy. In conclusion, Ewing’s sarcoma with distant metastasis is a high risk case with poor prognosis. Integrating novel molecular targets with conventional chemotherapeutic agents holds a promise for high-risk Ewing’s sarcoma patients.
Trends in patients’ overall satisfaction with healthcare delivery in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Odonkor Stephen T. , Frimpong Charles , Duncan Emmanuel , Odonkor Carolyn
Published: September 2019

Background: Patient satisfaction represents a key marker for the quality of healthcare delivery and is critical for smooth functioning of the healthcare system.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of patient satisfaction with the quality of care they receive, and thus identify the key factors that influence patients’ overall satisfaction with healthcare.Setting: The study was conducted across seven healthcare facilities in Greater Accra region.Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design to obtain data from 417 respondents between 01 November 2017 and 31 January 2018. Patient satisfaction within the context and setting of this study refers to the extent to which patients are happy with the healthcare services they receive. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: Female patients constituted 66.7% of the respondents, while 33.3% were male patients. Most of the participants had health insurance coverage (95.2%). Overall, 69.5% of the patients were satisfied with the level of care, 29.3% were somewhat satisfied and 1.2% were not satisfied. Female patients (86.0%) were more satisfied with the level of care they received compared to male patients (61.9%). Majority of the female patients (87.8%) indicated that they were treated with courtesy and respect. However, more than a half (51.8%) of male patients indicated they were not treated with courtesy and respect. Patient satisfaction negatively correlated with social status and age of the patients.Conclusion: Measurement of patients’ satisfaction is important for healthcare delivery. It was clear from this study that there is still a gap in improving and managing patients’ satisfaction and expectation. All stakeholders must get involved to ensure timely and satisfactory healthcare delivery to all patients.
Flat deformations of algebras and functional equations
Authors: Feigin Boris , Odesskii Alexander
Published: September 2019

We study flat deformations of quotients of a polynomial algebra in a class of graded commutative associative algebras. Functional equations and their solutions in terms of theta functions play important role in these studies. An analog of this theory in a fermionic case is also briefly discussed.
Hypersonic Flow Simulation towards Space Propulsion Geometries
Authors: Teixeira Odelma , Pascoa Jose
Published: September 2019

This work aims to expand the applicability of an open-source numerical tool to solve hypersonic gas dynamic flows for space propulsion geometries. This is done by validating the code using two well-known hypersonic test cases, the double cone and the hollow cylinder flare, used by the NATO Research and Technology Organization for the validation of hypersonic flight for laminar viscous-inviscid interactions (D. Knight, “RTO WG 10 - Test cases for CFD validation of hypersonic flight,” in 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 2002). The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation is conducted using the two-temperature solver hy2Foam that is capable to study external aerodynamics in re-entry flows. In the present work the assessment of hy2Foam to solve hypersonic complex flow features with strong interactions including non-equilibrium effects was demonstrated. Freestream conditions with stagnation enthalpy of 5.44 MJ/kg and Mach number of 12.2, for the double cone case, and stagnation enthalpy of 5.07 MJ/kg and Mach number of 11.3 for the hollow cylinder case were considered. Comparison with newer existing numerical data and experimental data from LENS XX (Large Energy National Shock Expansion Tunnel Version 2) was also performed. Special attention was taken to the phenomenon of vibrational excitation of the molecules. Different vibrational non-equilibrium models were used and compared with the available data. Hy2Foam showed consistent results, with the vibrational non-equilibrium models reducing the discrepancies between numerical and experimental results.
Design and Implementation of a Peer-Reviewed Medical Education Video Competition: The Best of American Thoracic Society Video Lecture Series
Authors: Seam Nitin , Richards Jeremy B. , Kritek Patricia A. , Khemasuwan Danai , McCallister Jennifer W. , Santhosh Lekshmi , Prasad Bharati , Bhargava Sumit , Clay Alison S. , Crotty Alexander Laura E.
Published: September 2019

Background

Video is an increasingly popular medium for consuming online content, and video-based education is effective for knowledge acquisition and development of technical skills. Despite the increased interest in and use of video in medical education, there remains a need to develop accurate and trusted collections of peer-reviewed videos for medical learners.

Objective

We developed the first professional society-based, open-access library of crowd-sourced and peer-reviewed educational videos for medical learners and health care providers.

Methods

A comprehensive peer-review process of medical education videos was designed, implemented, reviewed, and modified using a plan-do-study-act approach to ensure optimal accuracy and effective pedagogy, while emphasizing modern teaching methods and brevity. The number of submissions and views were tracked as metrics of interest and engagement of medical learners and educators.

Results

The Best of American Thoracic Society Video Lecture Series (BAVLS) was launched in 2016. Total video submissions for 2016, 2017, and 2018 were 26, 55, and 52, respectively. Revisions to the video peer-review process were made after each submission cycle. By 2017, the total views of BAVLS videos on www.thoracic.org and YouTube were 9100 and 17 499, respectively. By 2018, total views were 77 720 and 152 941, respectively. BAVLS has achieved global reach, with views from 89 countries.

Conclusions

The growth in submissions, content diversity, and viewership of BAVLS is a result of an intentional and evolving review process that emphasizes creativity and innovation in video-based pedagogy. BAVLS can serve as an example for developing institutional or society-based video platforms.
Lev Kreft: Estetikov atelje: od modernizma k sodobni umetnosti
Authors: Puncer Mojca
Published: September 2019

Novembra lani je pri Znanstveni založbi ljubljanske Filozofske fakultete izšla nova knjiga priznanega slovenskega estetika Leva Krefta. Preden si ogledamo glavne konceptualne značilnosti obravnavanega dela, namenimo nekaj besed avtorju in njegovemu položaju na področju estetike pri nas: Lev Kreft izhaja iz generacije filozofov estetikov, ki se je pričela strokovno formirati v poznih sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja in je pri tem zaznala potrebo po drugačni estetiki, zato si je z vstopom na slovensko kulturno prizorišče v osemdesetih letih prizadevala za preseganje omejenosti estetike kot akademske discipline (tudi z ustanovitvijo Slovenskega društva za estetiko leta 1983). Estetika v tem krogu ni bila razumljena kot čista akademska disciplina, pač pa je pomenila različne pristope k refleksiji umetnosti in kulture. Lev Kreft estetiko razume po eni strani v kontekstu filozofije, po drugi pa v tesni povezavi s proučevanjem umetnosti.
Gekommen, um nicht zu bleiben: Bilder der Ankunft als visuelle Repräsentationen von Migration
Authors: Dogramaci Burcu
Published: September 2019

Bilder der Abfahrt und der Ankunft sind eng verknüpft mit Ein- und Auswanderung. Zahlreiche historische Fotografien zeigen beispielsweise die aus Istanbul ab- und in München ankommenden türkischen „Gastarbeiter*innen“ der 1960er Jahre. Bahnhöfe, Züge, Menschen mit Koffern, Unordnung, Neugier und Angst prägen diese dokumentarischen Aufnahmen. Dabei wird das medial verbreitete Bild des überfüllten Bahnhofs zum Topos einer Migration ohne tatsächliche Ankunft in der Gesellschaft – wie auch der Koffer zum repräsentativen Symbol des Einwanderers schlechthin geworden ist. Pendants zu diesen Ankunftsbildern bilden Aufnahmen aus den 1980er Jahren, als türkischen „Gastarbeiter*innen“ hohe Rückkehrprämien geboten wurden. Fotografen wie Brigitte Kraemer oder Manfred Vollmer begleiteten die Familien bei ihrem Auszug aus ihren Wohnungen. Diese nunmehr historischen medialen Szenarien sollen im Beitrag zeitgenössischen Fotografien von Geflüchteten und ihrer Ankunft in Deutschland gegenübergestellt werden: Wie unterscheiden sich die historischen und zeitgenössischen fotografischen Repräsentationen von Einwanderern und Asylsuchenden? Gibt es vielleicht eine übergreifende Bildsprache für den transitiven Zustand der Einwanderung? Welche Zuschreibungen formulieren die Aufnahmen? Und kann die Kunst hier eine Gegenposition einnehmen?
Migracije
Authors: Virant Špela , Matajc Vanesa
Published: September 2019

Številni obrazi migracij postajajo iz dneva v dan še številnejši, zato smo v letu 2016 pripravili novo tematsko številko, ki se odziva na aktualna dogajanja in osvetljuje nove ali danes še posebej izpostavljene problemske vidike migracij. Aktualna refleksija migracij je namenjena obravnavi aktualnih teoretskih obravnav migracij in študijam konkretnih primerov, kako so reprezentirane ter kako se družbeni sistemi spopadajo z njihovimi posledicami: torej refleksiji o tem, kako razmišljamo in govorimo o teh problemih, o raznolikosti in dinamiki reprezentacij in kako slednje vplivajo na naša dojemanja etičnih razmerij v različnih družbenih sistemih, od institucionalno-političnih, medijskih, umetnostnih, vzgojnoizobraževalnih, na družabnih omrežjih ter v različnih skupnostih in prostorih sobivanja.
Die nomadische Reise der Theorie: Michel de Certeaus Theorie der Alltäglichkeit und die neuzeitliche Mystik
Authors: Bocken Inigo
Published: September 2019

Die Erfahrung der Migration bildet für Michel de Certeau (1925-1986) die Grundlage seiner Theorie der Alltäglichkeit, die als eine Kritik an der neuzeitlichen technokratischen Rationalität sowie an den herrschenden sozialwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaftsmodellen des ausgehenden 20. Jahrhunderts gemeint ist und auch als solche gelten kann. In seinen historischen Studien zur Mystik der frühen Neuzeit beschreibt Michel de Certeau, wie die Mystiker als moderne Nomaden nicht nur durch Europa reisen, sondern dieses Reisen auch als eine Weise verstehen, sich dem herrschenden Machtdiskurs zu entziehen. Das Reisen der Mystiker über Grenzen hinaus ist sozusagen paradigmatisch für eine Gesellschaftstheorie von der Marge heraus, so dem ‚Anderen‘ Raum eröffnend.Die ausführliche Studie über die Mystiker des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts kann so als der Hintergrund verstanden werden, vor dem Certeaus Theorie der Alltäglichkeit entfaltet wird, nämlich in seinem Buch L’invention du quotidien – ein Werk, das vor allem in den Vereinigten Staaten die neueren Kulturwissenschaften geprägt hat. In diesem Beitrag wird die These entfaltet und begründet, dass das Reisen des Mystikers in dieser Theorie als Paradigma vorausgesetzt ist. Der ‚gemeine‘ Mensch stellt den Ausgangspunkt dieses neuen theoretischen Modells dar. Von dort aus wird klar, dass jede Art der kulturtheoretischen Betrachtung sich mit dem unbestimmten und nicht-festen Ort der Theorie auseinandersetzen muss. Die Theorie selber wird in unserer Zeit nomadisch. So eröffnen sich Möglichkeiten, die Erfahrung der Migration auch für heute weiter auszuarbeiten.
Ekfraza: besedilo videti, podobo ubesediti
Authors: Golob Nataša
Published: September 2019

Na držalih srebrnih žlic, ki jih je še pred letom 1000 izdelal bizantinski zlatar, so vrezane besede ali vsaj zaporedje črk z abreviaturnimi znamenji, ki jih je mogoče prebrati kot del verza. Žlice niso bile za vsakdanjo rabo, na mizo so jih dali ob posebnih priložnostih, in ko je med povabljenci iz kroga učenih mož stekel pogovor, se je sprožila igra ekfraze. V srebro vrezane besede so bile izhodišče dogodka: prepoznati je bilo treba literarno besedilo in ga interpretirati z opisom, v katerem je k besedi izzvani ubesedil likovno delo. Tisti, ki so med 9. in zgodnjim 13. stoletjem na carigrajski univerzi (kot poprej na atenski Akademiji) dobili »hibridno izobrazbo«, so bili enako dobro podkovani tako v teologiji in cerkvenih zadevah kot v vsem drugem, kar so zajeli iz helenističnega znanja in iz svojega časa (Vryonis, 1997, 6–7). Za skupino, ki so jo na mizi pričakale srebrne žlice, je to bila slej ko prej sijajna zabava, vselej neponovljiva, in mogoče za koga tudi oddaljen spomin na šolski izpit iz retorike, s katerim se je moral spoprijeti vsak, ki je zaključeval študij na atenski Akademiji. Zahteve glede poznavanja antične književnosti so postale še natančnejše v času, ko je cesar Roman I. obnovil katedro za homersko književnost.
Los indigenismos iberoamericanos en eslovaco
Authors: Ulašin Bohdan
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la influencia que han tenido las lenguas amerindias en el léxico eslovaco. Para cumplir tal objetivo tuvimos que establecer criterios de inclusión en el corpus, recopilar y analizar los indigenismos en la lengua eslovaca. Aparte de presentar las voces amerindias, quisimos resumir también las tendencias en el proceso de adaptación al eslovaco (haciendo hincapié en los contrastes entre el español como lengua intermediaria y el eslovaco) y también analizar la cronología de la aparición de los indigenismos, centrándonos en los préstamos pioneros (desde los primeros del siglo XVII) y clasificar las entradas del glosario según las áreas temáticas y la lengua amerindia de origen.
Desfase en dirección única. Notas sobre los orígenes del videoarte en Uruguay y Eslovenia
Authors: Tomsich Francisco
Published: September 2019

Existe en la actualidad un creciente interés en establecer correspondencias y comparaciones entre Europa del Este y América del Sur en el campo de las artes visuales, especialmente durante el período comprendido entre 1960 y 1989, aproximadamente. Hay tres factores que contribuyen a justificarlo. El primero de ellos es el vínculo directo entre ambas regiones, en parte creado por las diferentes olas de migraciones en ambas direcciones y sus procesos históricos, y en parte por el intercambio cultural vinculado o no a ellas. El segundo es la constatación y análisis de una serie de puntos en común en el campo de la creación artística a partir de la década de 1960. El tercer factor es la «contemporaneidad» (Preda, 2015, 56) de «regímenes dictatoriales» en diversos países de ambas regiones en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, un contexto en el que «estrategias para lidiar con todo tipo de medidas políticas de represión fueron cultivadas simultáneamente» (Dressler, 2010).
Urša Geršak, Alejandro Rodríguez Díaz del Real, Maja Šabec (ur.): Španija 1975–2015: štirideset let tranzicije
Authors: Pihler Ciglič Barbara
Published: September 2019

Znanstvena monografija Španija 1975–2015: štirideset let tranzicije je eno redkih del v slovenskem prostoru, ki si prizadevajo kritično osvetliti obdobje španske tranzicije in ponovno proučiti tiste družbenopolitične vidike, ki so igrali bistveno vlogo pri vzpostavljanju sodobne španske države. Monografijo sestavlja deset prispevkov slovenskih in španskih strokovnjakov, ki z antropološke, sociološke, zgodovinske, literarne in filozofske perspektive problemsko pretresejo špansko tranzicijo ter predstavijo osrednje značilnosti španske politike, družbe in gospodarstva v zadnjih štiridesetih letih. Vse povezuje enak osrednji cilj: pokazati na nujnost ponovnih branj predvsem tistih zgodovinskih dejstev, ki so bila, še posebej v Španiji, prikrita in zamolčana. S tem se nedvoumno postavlja pod vprašaj tolikokrat izpostavljena vloga t. i. »mirne tranzicije«, ki se je v svetu ustoličila kot nekakšna blagovna znamka, celo kot vzor predvsem latinskoameriškim vladam po padcu diktature vojaških hunt, po padcu berlinskega zidu pa tudi vzhodnoevropskim državam.
La recepción de la traductología latinoamericana en Chequia: inspiraciones temáticas, metodológicas y didácticas
Authors: Králová Jana
Published: September 2019

En las últimas décadas, la traductología ha venido buscando una renovación metodológica en las áreas lingüísticas y culturales marginales y marginadas hasta hace poco (cf. Lambert, 2010), aspecto que abre las puertas a la introducción de las concepciones y temas relegados al segundo plano durante décadas, los latinoamericanos entre ellos, ya sea por una limitada accesibilidad lingüística, ya sea por cierta subestimación de los textos por el público receptor. Sin embargo, la traductología latinoamericana ha venido ganando terreno en la investigación a nivel internacional, emancipándose de sus raíces metodológicas europeas y abriendo temas y problemas nuevos o novedosos no solo para la disciplina misma, sino también otras áreas de investigación, fenómenos que se reflejan entre otras características también en la proliferación de las escuelas y programas universitarios dedicados a la formación de traductores (Vavroušová, 2015a, 16). Estos son los motivos que justifican la importancia de la presentación de los temas y autores en otros ámbitos culturales.
The “Good Man from Cologne”: Heinrich Böll’s Literary Ethics
Authors: Dudaš Boris , Kasun Barbara
Published: September 2019

Moral ethics which developed and grew only to become stronger and clearer, during and after World War II is a complex and resourceful subject which can be found in the work from “The Good Man from Cologne” – Heinrich Böll. Even at first glance, Böll has a rather clear message that he sends to his readers, whether he writes from experience or his state of mind (one affected by the other): War is not to be glorified. There is not one aspect of the war that can or should be considered as pride or heroism, for no one participating (in example – honoring a soldier with a piece of metal, which is in war used to kill and destroy). Then, why write about war? Because no one should ever forget it. All the suffering and victims should be presented simply – as they were, to warn and clarify the readers. The clarification meant for Böll to name the ones that let this kind of horror to take place, like organizations that collaborated with the Nazis for their own interests. In his works, he shows how the characters – uneducated and the intellectuals – deal with guilt even years after the war has ended – every simple character for himself, as an individual. Therefore, he shows his compassion for the simple men but underlines his hostility towards organizations. Not only have Germans had to live with their guilt, but also with a vast amount of rubble – in their minds, souls, but also in their physical world. That is why Böll holds onto “Rubble Literature” for a long period after the war. The importance of the precise depiction of war shows how strongly Böll committed in his effort to shine the light only on the real side of war. His determination to fight for the “weak” that were by the mainstream defined as “waste” shows high levels of his morality and ethics. He enjoys a society full of individuals, whose life conditions vary from case to case, and therefore, vary in their (inter)actions towards life, and is their voice in the constant fight for human and civil rights.
The Absence of a Gendered Perspective in Contemporary Discussions on Violence Against Women
Authors: Podreka Jasna
Published: September 2019

The author addresses the question of why, after more than half a century of feminist heritage in the field of conceptualisation and understanding of violence against women, its importance should be re-established and re-examined within a scientific context. The author starts from the premise that the definition of what actually constitutes violence is no longer at the forefront of public discussions. There is also a lack of contextual examination of violent events through the lens of power relations in the existing gender order. Public discourse, which is characterised by quick and superficial reflections on individual events that are taken out of context is completely devoid of any insight into the problem of violence against women, due to the continued gender inequality in society. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of understanding violence against women through the prism of gender or gender inequality, which is the key contribution of feminist structuralist theory. In light of this, a critique of feminist structuralist theory is presented, as it is the one that has laid down the foundation for understanding violence against women, while not providing all the tools needed for a complex understanding of the problem in its entirety. The author uses the example of the Harvey Weinstein scandal to attempt to illuminate the issue.
Začasno bivališče: Na grad 25, Ig: življenjske zgodbe žensk na prestajanju kazni zapora
Authors: Strle Urška
Published: September 2019

Knjiga o življenjskih zgodbah zapornic na Slovenskem je dobrodošel prispevek k razumevanju zaporniških in z njimi povezanih kontekstov, saj v luči konkretnih situacij dopolnjuje predstave, ki jih oblikujejo javna občila, kazenski dosjeji, medicinski spisi in drugi dokumenti. Zgodbe zapornic bodo morda komu delovale preveč subjektivno, da bi jim dal priložnost in jim pripisal zadostno verodostojnost. Tem dvomljivcem pa lahko v isti sapi povemo, da za vsakim medijskim poročilom, medicinskim zapisom ali kazensko dokumentacijo stoji človek ali skupina ljudi, ki so prav tako subjektivni akterji svojega časa, nosilci predsodkov in različnih stopenj družbene senzibilnosti. Hvalevredno je, da so lastne predsodke do zaporniških zgodb ozavestile tudi avtorice knjige. Iz njihovih uvodnih besed, pa tudi režijskih posegov v vsaki od posameznih zgodb odzvanja, da jih je izkušnja srečevanja in pogovorov z zapornicami obogatila. Verjamem, da ima zbirka pripovedi zapornic, ki je podana v tekočem, pogovornem slogu, ogromno spoznavnega potenciala, zato jo vsakomur toplo priporočam v branje in ogled – opremljena je namreč s pomenljivimi fotografskimi vtisi, ki delujejo kot pogled skozi ključavnično luknjo zaporniških vrat.
School and Violence
Authors: Berčnik Sanja , Tašner Veronika
Published: September 2019

In this paper the authors present different incidences of violence in the school environment. Different factors influencing the phenomenon and existence of violence in school are also subject to different conceptualizations and definitions of violence in school. Special attention is paid to school as an institution, which in its essence is not a democratic, but a hierarchically structured organization. Because of the fundamental problems that are associated with the problem of violence in school, most countries require that schools systematically deal with this issue, and the formation of an integrated policy in tackling violence. In the second part of the paper, the authors analyse the policies of various countries (Canada, Sweden, France, Germany, the UK) to the problems of school violence and link them to the factors that influence the onset of violence in school. Special attention is paid to the analysis of official documents that enable violence in school in Slovenia to be resolved, and thus seeking an answer to the question about what can schools do about this.
LGBTIQ+ Youth and Experiences with Violence in Education
Authors: Perger Nina
Published: September 2019

In the article, we focus on young LGBTIQ+ individuals’ experiences with violence in education. Research show that LGBTIQ+ youth are targeted with various forms of violence within education; while most research focuses on peer-to-peer violence, the violence perpetrated by school workers, and their inactivity when it comes to addressing violence on the basis of gender and sexual identity, is often neglected. In the article, data gathered in the research Everyday life of young LGBTIQ+ individuals, as implemented by Pride Association in 2017, is presented. A total of 751 young LGBTIQ+ individuals aged between 16-30 participated in this research. In this article we focus on a specific aspect regarding their experiences with violence in education, namely, their experiences with violence perpetrated by schoolmates and school workers, including teachers and counsel workers, as well as on their feelings of safety in the school hallways and classrooms. Such violence is often addressed by ‘bullying discourse’, which rarely takes into account hetero- and cisnormative social structures and their manifestations in education, and it predominantly addresses bullying as a form of individual pathology and not as practices of violence that derive their disciplinary power in terms of enforcing normative enactments of gender and sexuality. In this regard, violence against young LGBTIQ+ individuals in education should be addressed within a broader framework that takes into account social power relations.
Jacobus Publicius in njegov učenec. Umetnost spominjanja kot akademska vaja v pouku na erfurtski univerzi
Authors: Kemper Angelika
Published: September 2019

Članek se ukvarja z mnemotehničnim poukom na Univerzi v Erfurtu v zgodnjem humanizmu. V središču dogajanja je humanist Jacobus Publicius, ki je začasno poučeval v Erfurtu in pri tem podajal uspešno doktrino pomnjenja. Študentski zapisek njegovega slušatelja kaže orise njegovega nauka in »iz prve roke« daje dragocene vpoglede v praktično poučevanje mnemotehnike, ki ga je sicer pri raziskovanju komajda mogoče pojasniti.
Univerzalna zgodovina spomina
Authors: Barši Izidor
Published: September 2019

V knjigi Anti-Ojdip Gilles Deleuze in Felix Guattari razločujeta med dvema vrstama spomina: besednim ali aliansnim ter biofiliacijskim. V njuni koncepciji družbe primata nima menjava, temveč dolg: temeljno družbeno razmerje je torej razmerje med upnikom in dolžnikom. Nujni pogoj tega razmerja je spomin, ki zagotavlja, da dolg ni pozabljen. Vendar ta spomin ni samoumeven, ampak ga je bilo treba človeku šele narediti. To »predzgodovinsko delo človeka« Deleuze in Guattari interpretirata kot osrednji napor »primitivnega sociusa«, ki sestoji iz vseh krutih tehnik vpisovanja v telo, kar imenujeta »sistem krutosti«. Avtorja se opreta na Nietzschejevo Genealogijo morale in trdita, da se besedni spomin vzpostavi na podlagi »aktivne sposobnosti pozabe« in s »potlačitvijo biološkega spomina«. Če je sredstvo vzpostavitve besednega spomina sistem krutosti in njen agens aliansa oziroma primitivni socius sam, kaj točno je potlačitev in kaj je tisto, kar je potlačeno? Biofiliacijski spomin imenujeta tudi »intenzivni spomin filiacije«, »spomin učinkov« ter »biokozmični spomin«, vendar v knjigi njegovega pojmovanja ne razvijeta. Članek poskuša v kontekstu Anti-Ojdipa in prek branja Genealogije morale natančneje zastaviti problem spomina ter dlje razviti pojmovanje in vlogo biofiliacijskega spomina.
Does Everything Exist to End Up in a Book? Mallarmé and the Aftermath
Authors: Čačinovič Nadežda
Published: September 2019

Prispevek je pregled sodobnih branj in izpeljav Mallarméjeve znamenite izjave; obravnava vrsto avtorjev, od Borgesa in E. R. Curtiusa do sodobnih francoskih filozofov, in se pri tem ukvarja tudi z usodo »analogne« knjige v digitalni dobi.