bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for sub-Nyquist sampling scanning white light interferometry
Authors: Liang Hangang , Shen Honghai , Liu Penghui , Dong Mingyuan , Yan Chunhui , Meng Lingtong , Yao Dong
Published: October 2023

This Letter introduces sub-Nyquist sampling vertical scanning white light interferometry (SWLI) using deep learning. The method designs Envelope-Deep Residual Shrinkage Networks with channel-wise thresholds (E-DRSN-cw), a network model extracting oversampling envelopes from undersampled signals. The model improves the training efficiency, accuracy, and robustness by following the soft thresholding nonlinear layer approach, pre-padding undersampled interference signals with zeros, using LayerNorm for augmenting inputs and labels, and predicting regression envelopes. Simulation data train the network, and experiments demonstrate its superior performance over classical methods in the accuracy and the robustness. The E-DRSN-cw provides a swift measurement solution for SWLI, removing the need for prior knowledge.
Buildup of multiple spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics in an all-fiber multimode laser
Authors: Sun Jingxuan , Wang Gang , Chao Jiale , Wang Xiaogang , Yang He , Fu Bo
Published: October 2023

Ultrafast lasers based on multimode fibers have attracted extensive attention owing to the large mode-field area and nonlinear tolerance. The high spatial degree of freedom of multimode fibers is significant for spatiotemporal pulses locked both in transverse and longitudinal modes, where the energy of output pulses can be remarkably improved. Herein, the 1.5-μm all-fiber spatiotemporal mode-locked laser was realized based on carbon nanotubes as a saturable absorber. Moreover, by tuning the polarization controller and the pump power carefully, the output wavelengths can be ranged from 1529 to 1565 nm based on the multimode interference filter. In addition, Q-switched mode-locking and spatiotemporal mode-locked dual combs were also observed by further adjusting the polarization controller. Such a kind of an all-fiber multimode laser offers a crucial insight into the spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics, which is of great significance in scientific research and practical applications.
Reflectionless graphene perfect absorber based on parity symmetric unidirectional guided resonance
Authors: Xu Wei , Hong Qilin , Peng Jialong , Liu Ping , Yang Biao , Guo Chucai , Zhu Zhihong
Published: October 2023

We propose a type of reflectionless graphene perfect absorber (GPA) in which the reflection channel is forbidden, while the transmission channel is open. Peak absorption of 99.97% in the near-infrared is numerically demonstrated for monolayer graphene loaded on a one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal slab with rhomboid cross sections that supports parity symmetric unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs). Based on the proposed GPA, a transmissive optical modulator with a modulation depth of about 28 dB and an insertion loss of 0.31 dB by varying the Fermi energy level graphene from 0.3 eV to 0.7 eV is numerically presented. Remarkably, the design strategy can be straightforwardly applied to other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Our study may find promising applications in 2D material-based optical modulators and filters.
Quantum Teleportation Over Optical Fibers Carrying Conventional Classical Communications Traffic
Authors: Thomas Jordan , Yeh Fei , Chen Jim , Mambretti Joe , Kohlert Scott , Kanter Gregory , Kumar Prem
Published: October 2023

The scalability of quantum networking will benefit from the ability to operate beyond dark fibers. We report the first demonstration of quantum teleportation coexisting with conventional communications, where quantum state transfer is achieved over 10.5 km SMF-28 fiber simultaneously carrying a 400 Gbps classical signal.
Generation of arbitrary vector-vortex beams on higher order Poincaré sphere using double-exposure polarization-multiplexed hologram
Authors: Jessie Jackin Boaz , Singh Sumit Kumar , Notte Shun , Yamaguchi Ryuki , Kinashi Kenji , Tsutsumi Naoto , Sakai Wataru , Awatsuji Yasuhiro
Published: October 2023

Vector vortex beams, characterized by their orbital angular momentum and non-uniform polarization distribution, have gained significant attention in the field of optics and photonics due to their unique properties and versatile applications. Existing methods for the generation of arbitrary vector vortex beams often involve complex optical setups or intricate fabrication methods. In this letter, we propose a novel and simplified approach efficient generation of vector vortex beams using polarization multiplexed holograms, fabricated on azo-carbazole polymer using a double exposure technique. This method allows for seamless traversal across the entire Higher-order Poincaré sphere simply by modulating the polarization of a beam that reads the hologram. By employing this technique, we can generate arbitrary vector vortex beams without relying on intricate optical setups, showcasing its potential for diverse applications in optics and photonics.
A mixed-methods comparison of gender differences in alcohol consumption and drinking characteristics among patients in Moshi, Tanzania
Authors: Pauley Alena , Buono Mia , West Kirstin , Metcalf Madeline , Rent Sharla , Kilasara Joseph , Sawe Yvonne , Mikindo Mariana , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Boshe Judith , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , Staton Catherine A.
Published: October 2023

Excessive alcohol use stands as a serious threat to individual and community well-being, having been linked to a wide array of physical, social, mental, and economic harms. Alcohol consumption differs by gender, a trend seen both globally and in Moshi, Tanzania, a region with especially high rates of intake and few resources for alcohol-related care. To develop effective gender-appropriate treatment interventions, differences in drinking behaviors between men and women must be better understood. Our study aims to identify and explore gender-based discrepancies in alcohol consumption among Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) patients. A systematic random sampling of adult patients presenting to KCMC’s Emergency Department (ED) or Reproductive Health Center (RHC) was conducted from October 2021 until May 2022. Patients answered demographic and alcohol use-related questions and completed brief surveys, including the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Through purposeful sampling, 19 individuals also participated in in-depth interviews (IDIs) that focused on identifying gender differences in alcohol use. Quantitative data was analyzed in RStudio through descriptive frequencies, proportions, ANOVA, and Chi-squared tests, while IDIs were analyzed in Nvivo following a grounded theory approach. During the 8-month data collection timeline, 676 patients were enrolled. Men and women patients at KCMC’s ED and RHC were found to have significant differences in their alcohol use behaviors. For our quantitative data, this included lower average AUDIT scores among women (average [SD] AUDIT scores were 6.76 [8.16] among ED men, 3.07 [4.76] among ED women, and 1.86 [3.46] among RHC women). A subsequent IDI analysis revealed greater social restrictions around women’s drinking and more secretive alcohol use behaviors for where and when women would drink. For men, excess drinking was normalized within Moshi, tied to men’s social interactions with other men, and generally motivated by stress, social pressure, and despair over lack of opportunity. Significant gender differences in drinking behaviors were found, primarily influenced by sociocultural norms. These dissimilarities in alcohol use suggest that future alcohol-related programs should incorporate gender in their conceptualization and implementation.
Facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 testing in community and clinical settings: Lessons learned from Lesotho and Zambia
Authors: Simwinga Musonda , Mahlatsi Palesa A. , Molale Masemote , Witola Gracious , Mshanga Isaac , Katende Bulemba , Amstutz Alain , Reither Klaus , Shanaube Kwame , Motlomelo Masetsibi , Bond Virginia , Belus Jennifer M.
Published: October 2023

The sudden emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a devastating impact on health systems and population health globally. To combat the spread of COVID-19, countries enacted guidelines and safety measures, including testing, contact tracing, and quarantine. It was unclear the extent to which uptake of COVID-19 testing and other health initiatives would be accepted in countries with a history of dealing with widespread communicable disease transmission such as HIV or Tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to understand and compare the facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 testing at hospital sites in two rural communities in Lesotho and community spaces (referred to as hubs) in one urban community in Zambia during active phases of COVID-19 pandemic. Individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held during March-October 2021 to explore facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 testing. FGDs with 105 community members and health care workers, and 16 individual interviews with key informants and four mystery shoppers were conducted across the two countries. In Zambia, four mystery shopper observations, and eight hub observations were also conducted. Individual country codebooks were developed and combined; thematic analyses were then conducted using the combined codebook. Findings were compared across the two countries, and most were consistent across the two countries. Two primary themes emerged that related to both barriers and facilitators: (1) structural conditions; (2) social implications and attitudes. The structural conditions that operated as barriers in both countries included public health isolation measures and misinformation. In Lesotho, the cost of tests was an additional barrier. The only structural facilitators were in Zambia where the community hubs were found to be accessible and convenient. The social implication barriers related to fear of isolation, stigma, and mental health implications because of quarantine, perceived pain of the test, and compromised privacy. Social facilitators that led to people testing included experiencing COVID-19 firsthand and knowing people who had died because of COVID-19. Across both countries, primary barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 related to structural conditions and social implications and attitudes. Public health measures can be at odds with social and economic realities; pandemic response should balance public health control and the socio-economic needs. Data from Zambia revealed that community-based settings have the potential to increase uptake of testing services. Community-based campaigns to normalize and reduce stigma for COVID-19 testing services are needed.
Identifying key features of digital resources used during online science practicals
Authors: Janštová Vanda , Novotný Petr , Chlebounová Irena , Guitart Fina , Forne Ester , Tortosa Montserrat
Published: October 2023

As in our everyday lives, we use digital elements as part of formal and informal education. To serve their educational purpose well, systematic research is desirable to identify and measure their characteristics. This study focuses on science practicals, which are complex and vary in organizational settings and specific arrangements, including usage of digital elements. We describe the digital resources on which the online instruction of science practicals during the COVID-19 forced lockdowns was built, and their key characteristics were identified. Data were collected from science teachers in Slovakia, Czechia, Slovenia, France, and Spain. The teachers shared the web resources they used and that they would recommend, together with a description of the resources. We recorded 89 inputs representing 50 unique resources. Teachers preferred free resources, mostly for knowledge revision, and newly discovered 36% of them due to forced distant teaching. The best evaluated resources were those supporting interaction (especially among peers), focused on teaching subjects and/or ICT, ready to use, and with a clear structure. The resource most frequently mentioned and used in more than half of the countries was PhET (Interactive Simulations for Science and Math) which provides free simulations of scientific principles. Other characteristics mentioned in the literature (e.g., supporting creativity and independent solving, connecting different levels of organization, authenticity, flexibility) were not that important for the overall rating.
Interaction of amisulpride with GLUT1 at the blood-brain barrier. Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Boyanova Sevda T. , Lloyd-Morris Ethlyn , Corpe Christopher , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Farag Doaa B. , Page Lee K. , Wang Hao , Fleckney Alice L. , Gatt Ariana , Troakes Claire , Vizcay-Barrena Gema , Fleck Roland , Reeves Suzanne J. , Thomas Sarah A.
Published: October 2023

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be involved in the increased sensitivity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients to antipsychotics, including amisulpride. Studies indicate that antipsychotics interact with facilitated glucose transporters (GLUT), including GLUT1, and that GLUT1 BBB expression decreases in AD. We tested the hypotheses that amisulpride (charge: +1) interacts with GLUT1, and that BBB transport of amisulpride is compromised in AD. GLUT1 substrates, GLUT1 inhibitors and GLUT-interacting antipsychotics were identified by literature review and their physicochemical characteristics summarised. Interactions between amisulpride and GLUT1 were studied using in silico approaches and the human cerebral endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3. Brain distribution of [3H]amisulpride was determined using in situ perfusion in wild type (WT) and 5xFamilial AD (5xFAD) mice. With transmission electron microscopy (TEM) we investigated brain capillary degeneration in WT mice, 5xFAD mice and human samples. Western blots determined BBB transporter expression in mouse and human. Literature review revealed that, although D-glucose has no charge, charged molecules can interact with GLUT1. GLUT1 substrates are smaller (184.95±6.45g/mol) than inhibitors (325.50±14.40g/mol) and GLUT-interacting antipsychotics (369.38±16.04). Molecular docking showed beta-D-glucose (free energy binding: -15.39kcal/mol) and amisulpride (-29.04kcal/mol) interact with GLUT1. Amisulpride did not affect [14C]D-glucose hCMEC/D3 accumulation. [3H]amisulpride uptake into the brain (except supernatant) of 5xFAD mice compared to WT remained unchanged. TEM revealed brain capillary degeneration in human AD. There was no difference in GLUT1 or P-glycoprotein BBB expression between WT and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, caudate P-glycoprotein, but not GLUT1, expression was decreased in human AD capillaries versus controls. This study provides new details about the BBB transport of amisulpride, evidence that amisulpride interacts with GLUT1 and that BBB transporter expression is altered in AD. This suggests that antipsychotics could potentially exacerbate the cerebral hypometabolism in AD. Further research into the mechanism of amisulpride transport by GLUT1 is important for improving antipsychotics safety.
Psychosocial characteristics are associated with adherence to dietary, drugs and physical activity recommendations amongst cardiovascular disease patients in Lebanon
Authors: Al Daccache Melodie , Al-Shaar Laila , Sibai Abla Mehio , Ismaeel Hussain , Badr Kamal , Nasreddine Lara
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, including Lebanon. Despite the growing number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon, there is scarce data on whether cardiac patients adhere to therapeutic dietary guidelines, drug prescriptions, and physical activity recommendations and whether such adherence differs according to sociodemographic, lifestyle, or psychosocial characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 367 Lebanese adult cardiovascular disease patients admitted for hospitalization at various hospital sites in Lebanon. Electronic medical records and a multi-component questionnaire were used to collect information on patients’ characteristics. Dietary assessment was performed using a culture-specific validated food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity levels were assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Mental well-being was assessed based on the validated five-item well-being index (WHO-5), and drug adherence was evaluated using the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8). The majority of the patients were males (67.8%), overweight or obese (74%), smokers (62.1%), and unemployed or retired (54.5%). Almost 35% of the patients were lonely, and nearly one fourth were at a high risk of poor mental health. Approximately 43%, 70%, and 52% of the patients were found to have poor adherence to diet, drug, and physical activity recommendations, respectively. A lower sense of mental well-being was a significant predictor of low dietary and drug adherence. Surprisingly, overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of dietary adherence. Male gender was positively associated with physical activity while loneliness was inversely associated with physical activity. This study showed that adherence to diet, drug, and physical activity recommendations was low in this patient population and identified several non-clinical characteristics that may affect adherence. These findings highlighted the need for considering patients’ psychosocial characteristics in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Income inequality and mental health in adolescents during COVID-19, results from COMPASS 2018–2021
Authors: Benny Claire , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Patte Karen A. , Smith Brendan T. , Veugelers Paul J. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Pabayo Roman
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Understanding the inequitable impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health are leading priorities. Existing research has linked income inequality in schools to adolescent depression, however, it is unclear if the onset of the pandemic exacerbated the effects of income inequality on adolescent mental health. The current study aimed to quantify the association between income inequality and adolescent mental health during COVID-19.

Material and methods

Longitudinal data were taken from three waves (2018/19 to 2020/21) of the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) school-based study. Latent Growth Curve modelling was used to assess the association between Census District (CD)-level income inequality and depressive symptoms before and after the onset of COVID-19.

Results

The study sample included 29,722 students across 43 Census divisions in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. The average age of the sample at baseline was 14.9 years [standard deviation (SD) = 1.5] and ranged between 12 and 19 years of age. Most of the sample self-reported as white (76.3%) and female (54.4%). Students who completed the COMPASS survey after the onset of COVID reported 0.20-unit higher depressive scores (95% CI = 0.16, 0.24) compared to pre-COVID. The adjusted analyses indicated that the association between income inequality on anxiety scores was strengthened following the onset of COVID-19 (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0004, 0.03), indicating that income inequality was associated with a greater increase in anxiety scores during COVID-19.

Discussion

The adjusted results indicate that the association between income inequality and adolescent anxiety persisted and was heightened at the onset of COVID-19. Future studies should use quasi-experimental methods to strengthen this finding. The current study can inform policy and program discussions regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic recovery for young Canadians and relevant social policies for improving adolescent mental health.
A construction method of reverberation suppression filter using an end-to-end network
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Hao , Chen Xiao , An Yuan
Published: October 2023

Reverberation is the primary background interference of active sonar systems in shallow water environments, affecting target position detection accuracy. Reverberation suppression is a signal processing technique used to improve the clarity and accuracy of echo by eliminating the echoes, reverberations, and noise that occur during underwater propagation.This paper proposes an end-to-end network structure called the Reverberation Suppression Network (RS-U-Net) to suppress the reverberation of underwater echo signals. The proposed method effectively improves the signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) of the echo signal, outperforming existing methods in the literature. The RS-U-Net architecture uses sonar echo signal data as input, and a one-dimensional convolutional network (1D-CNN) is used in the network to train and extract signal features to learn the main features. The algorithm’s effectiveness is verified by the pool experiment echo data, which shows that the filter can improve the detection of echo signals by about 10 dB. The weights of reverberation suppression tasks are initialized with an auto-encoder, which effectively uses the training time and improves performance. By comparing with the experimental pool data, it is found that the proposed method can improve the reverberation suppression by about 2 dB compared with other excellent methods.
ISI Global Research Report: China’s research landscape
Authors: Adams Jonathan , Fry Ryan , Pendlebury David , Potter Ross , Rogers Gordon
Published: October 2023

This new report from the Institute for Scientific Information charts the exceptional research trajectory that China has followed over the last 40 years. During this time China has transformed its research economy, with its spending on research growing 400-fold. Its remarkable level of investment in research now exceeds that of the E.U. and is swiftly approaching parity with the U.S. China’s influence is profound, reshaping the research landscape in the Asia-Pacific region and recalibrating the global balance of capacity and innovation.
Problems in the selection of effective analgesics for migraine
Authors: Tabeeva G. R.
Published: October 2023

Pharmacologic symptomatic treatment of headache attacks is an essential strategy for effective management of patients with migraine. Choosing a medication requires an individualized approach and consideration of patient profile, characteristics of ictal manifestations of migraine, and personal experience in headache relief. Among the recommended medications, triptans are the first choice therapy. The pharmacologic differences among triptans allow selection of the most effective drug depending on the individual needs of the patient. Considering the primary importance of characteristics such as speed and duration of pain relief, as well as the consistency of effect in interrupting successive attacks, the choice of rizatriptan may be optimal for migraine patients.
The role of cellular immunity and systemic inflammation indices in the pathogenetic mechanisms of mental disorders
Authors: Gorbunova A. P. , Rukavishnikov G. V. , Kasyanov E. D. , Mazo G. E.
Published: October 2023

To date, inflammatory mechanisms are known to be involved in neuronal damage and increased risk of associated mental disorders, but most previous work has focused primarily on cytokines and other inflammatory markers that are difficult to replicate and not economically feasible for use in routine clinical practice. Other extremely important indicators of the systemic inflammatory process are circulating blood cells and changes in their number, composition, and ratio. Hematologic indices of systemic inflammation (HISI) are already used in somatic specialties: neutrophil-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte (MLR) and platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, as well as the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) and the System Inflammation Response Index (SIRI). In the context of psychopathology, the HISI require additional investigation, which makes it necessary to pay more attention to the possible mechanisms underlying their changes. The article provides data on the contribution of each cellular element to the mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and on their role in the development of psychopathological processes.
Bedrock Geologic Database of the Vincennes 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana
Authors: Drobniak Agnieszka , Mastalerz Maria , Ames Philip , Johnson Matthew , Bissey Dana
Published: October 2023

Located in the eastern Illinois Basin, the Vincennes 1:100,000-scale quadrangle comprises portions of Daviess, Knox, Sullivan, and Greene Counties in Indiana. It is situated in the rolling topography of the Wabash Lowland and dominated by Pennsylvanian-age coal-bearing strata. Pennsylvanian siliciclastics in the Vincennes quadrangle host economically significant coal seams. The most widespread coal beds occur in the Carbondale Group, but the Raccoon Creek Group hosts superior coal quality (low sulfur, low ash) in Indiana. Both surface and underground mining of these coals have been extensive, with expansive impacts on the landscape and subsequent reclamation. Bedrock outcrop is largely obscured by multiple cycles of glacial sediments, and extensive fluvial activity of the Wabash River has formed deep channels (paleo and active) filled with outwash and alluvium.
The geological map of Gray and others (1970) is the fundamental compilation of previous geological knowledge from this area.  Additional geological information for the Vincennes quadrangle comes from previous 1:24k-scale mapping through the STATEMAP program. Specifically, Fraser and others (1998) conducted bedrock mapping in the 7.5-minute Wheatland and Washington quadrangles, and Fraser and Zlotin (1997) did some mapping in the 7.5-minute Montgomery quadrangle. Conolly and others (1996) performed a coal availability study in the 7.5-minute Wheatland quadrangle. However, the most information for the 1:100k Vincennes quadrangle and, more broadly, the western corridor, comes from the Indiana-scale coal seam mapping conducted between 2011 and 2017 based on the Indiana Coal Stratigraphic Database (NCRDS) and Indiana Coal Quality Database (ICQD), and geophysical logs from petroleum wells archived in the Petroleum Database Management System (PDMS). These data were previously presented in Esri-based Indiana Coal Atlas StoryMaps for the entire western corridor (Drobniak and others, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d).
This geologic map was funded in part through the STATEMAP Program supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement No. G21AC10646.
The Bedrock Geologic Database of the Vincennes 30- x 60- Minute Quadrangle is a composite geodata set that conforms to "GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps," available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodata set contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes. An OPEN shapefile version of the data set is also available. It consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats.
In the context of the science of Usul al-fiqh, textual and numerical interpretation of some verses and hadiths, with an example of social groups
Authors: Özket Hasan
Published: October 2023

The Islamic Jurisprudence Methodology (Usul al-Fiqh), born from the Islamic intellectual tradition, not only possesses the ability to derive meanings from fixed texts but also serves the functions of governance and oversight. Its applicability extends beyond verbal and numerical domains to include social and technical fields. Throughout history, this discipline, which has never accepted any form of patronage or support, is known to have marginalized other actors due to the sheer power of its knowledge. This article will first focus on the significant role attributed to the science of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) throughout its historical development. Then, it will highlight some interpretations of certain verses and hadith texts in terms of social and administrative groupsIndeed, certain verses in religious texts portray hierarchical example groups for governance systems using names such as family, tribe, clan, shab, and nation. In history, despite discussing societal institutions from an administrative perspective in works like Plato's "The Republic" a thousand years before the Quran and, specifically, in the works of Al-Farabi in the Islamic world, information about the spaces they occupied and the populations they housed is not provided. In the modern era, numerical data has gained importance for comprehensive development and the standardized delivery of services. As an example, indications from religious texts, particularly from the Quran, regarding this subject will be presented.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
İslam ilim anlayışının bir ürünü olan İslam Hukuk Usulü ilmi sabit bir metinden anlamlar üretme yetkinliğinin yanında yönetme ve denetleme işlevini de yürütür. Sözel ve sayısal alanlarda kullanıldığı gibi sosyal ve teknik alanda kullanılabilir olmasıyla da dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda tarih boyunca hiçbir himaye ve dayanak kabul etmeyen ilmin salt gücü nedeniyle bu disiplinden uzak kalan diğer aktörleri saf dışı ettiği de bilinmektedir. Bu makalede ilk olarak İslam Hukuk Usulü ilminin tarih boyunca anlamlandırma sürecinde işaret edilen etkin rolü üzerinde durulacaktır. Sonra bazı ayetler ve hadis metinlerin sosyal ve yönetsel gruplar açısından örnek çıkarımlarına işaret edilecektirNitekim bazı ayetlerde insanlığın aile, aşiret, kabile, şa’b ve kavim gibi isimlerle yönetsel sistem açısından hiyerarşik örnek gruplara yer verdiği görülmektedir. Tarihte Kur’an’dan bin yıl önceki Eflatun’un Devlet adlı eseri ve özelde ise İslam dünyasındaki Farâbî’nin el-Medînetü’l-fâzila adlı eserlerde toplumsal kurumlar üzerinde yönetsel açıdan durulmasına karşın işgal ettikleri mekân ve barındırdıkları nüfus hakkında bilgi verilmemektedir. Modern dönemde ise topyekûn kalkınma ve hizmetlerin standart biçimde sunulması açısından sayısal veriler önem kazanmıştır. Dini metinlerden Kur’an’da konu hakkındaki işaretler örnek olarak verilecektir.
Resistance of Six Lines from Farmers against Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)
Authors: Suryaningsih Andika Septiana , Triwidodo Hermanu , Wiyono Suryo
Published: October 2023

Penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae merupakan salah satu penyakit yang merugikan bagi produksi padi Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut ialah menggunakan varietas tahan HDB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan penyakit HDB pada enam galur hasil rakitan dari petani (TCIPB202101, TCIPB202102, TCIPB202103, TCIPB202104, TCIPB202105, dan TCIPB202106) dan dua varietas pembanding, yaitu Ciherang dan Inpari 30. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Cikabayan Dramaga dengan inokulasi buatan. Pengamatan meliputi masa inkubasi, panjang lesio dan intensitas penyakit pada 7 dan 14 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua galur yang diuji merupakan galur yang tahan terhadap penyakit HDB dan memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan varietas pembandingnya. Galur TCIPB202105 dan TCIPB202106 memiliki respons ketahanan terbaik dengan rata-rata intensitas penyakit dibawah 1%, sedangkan TCIPB202101 dan TCIPB202102 memiliki intensitas penyakitnya yang paling tinggi namun masih dalam kategori agak tahan.
Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
Authors: Zheng Hai-lan , Lin Xiao , Zhang Ming-jian , Zhang Guo-hua
Published: October 2023

Ectopic thyroid is a rare malformation induced by a migration defect in the developing gland during embryogenesis. In 90% of cases, the ectopic thyroid is located in the lingual region, whereas it is extremely rare in the abdominal cavity, particularly in the pancreas. A 50-year-old female patient presented to the Taizhou First People’s Hospital with a complaint of recurrent mid-lower abdominal pain and diarrhea for approximately a month. The abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a space-occupying lesion with abundant blood supply in the head of the pancreas during the consultation. This led to the suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumor. The doctor considered that this lesion in the head of the pancreas could be responsible for the patient’s incontinence. A laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed after relevant tests were undertaken and contraindications were ruled out. The patient was diagnosed with ectopic thyroid of the pancreas through postoperative pathology. Ectopic thyroid can be considered in middle-aged and elderly women who present with a mass with abundant blood supply and an unknown diagnosis. Subsequent treatments should be decided after fine-needle aspiration cytology.
Markov decision processes approximation with coupled dynamics via Markov deterministic control systems
Authors: Portillo-Ramírez Gustavo , Cruz-Suárez Hugo , López-Ríos Ruy , Blancas-Rivera Rubén
Published: October 2023

This article presents an approximation of discrete Markov decision processes with small noise on Borel spaces with an infinite horizon and an expected total discounted cost by the corresponding deterministic Markov process. In both cases, the dynamics evolve through a system consisting of two coupled difference equations. It is assumed that the difference equations of the system are perturbed by a small noise. Under our assumptions, a bound for the stability index is given, and the optimal cost convergence rate is estimated using a small perturbation parameter. Moreover, the convergence of the optimal policy on compact subsets is verified. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the developed theory.
Management of seed borne inoculum of Xanthomonas cucurbiate causing bacterial leaf spot of pumpkin and bottle gourd
Authors: Hallan Somya , Jarial Kumud , Jarial Rajender S. , Dhiman Riya , Khan Rajina
Published: October 2023

Bacterial leal spot is a common and destructive disease of cucurbits. Recent research revealed the seed borne nature of Xanthomonas cucurbitae. In this study, seeds wrapped in muslin cloth were dipped in various treatments involving hot water and chemicals. Hot water treatment
of seeds at 55°C for both pumpkin and bottle gourd isolates resulted in minimum (28.73 and 23.33%, respectively) seedling infection. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and antibiotic (streptocycline) by using paper disc method revealed that Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride
to be most effective against pumpkin and bottle gourd, respectively. Under chemical seed dip treatments, the minimum number of infected seedlings were recorded with streptocycline (37.64%) and copper oxychloride (40.80%) for pumpkin and bottlegourd, respectively. For both the isolates, maximum
seed germination was recorded in seeds treated for 720 minutes (98.20 and 98.60%, respectively). A combination of streptocycline and copper oxychloride as seed treatment for three hours gave best results for both the isolates (16.33% and 15.67%, respectively). Under pot house conditions, combining
streptocycline (100 ppm) and copper oxychloride (3000 ppm) as a seed dip treatment for three hours was found to be the most effective. The recorded minimum disease severity was 18.00 and 22.00%, respectively.
Impact of sawmill processing on the yield and longitudinal warping of beech blanks
Authors: Klement Ivan , Vilkovský Peter , Vilkovská Tatiana
Published: October 2023

This study focused on the impact of the wood sawing pattern on 50 mm thick beech timber, followed by cross-cutting on the 3 m long, 50 × 50 mm beech blanks. The study analyzed two methods of cutting patterns of beech blanks (parallel to the surface of the timber and parallel to the grain fiber of the timber) regarding yield values and the size of longitudinal warping after air-drying. The yield values were higher (from 65.14 to 72.70 %) when producing long beech blanks using the method of sawing parallel to the timber’s axis (B) compared to parallel to the edge of the blank (from 60.38 to 68.40 %). Results showed that a crucial factor for choosing the cutting method (A or B) is the taper of the logs. For blanks with a taper ≥ 1.3 cm.m-1, it is more advantageous in terms of longitudinal warping and yield to use the method of sawing parallel to the timber’s axis.
“Gambusinos del México moderno”: Cancún y la frontera Caribe como bisagra del relato nacional
Authors: Velasco Ruiz Luis Alberto
Published: October 2023

En el siguiente artículo, presento una versión alternativa de la historia de Cancún que intenta rebasar el discurso del enclave extranjerizante de turismo de sol y playa, a partir de explorar las implicaciones que el proyecto tuvo para la soberanía nacional como último frente pionero en la “conquista del Este”. A través de un cruce de fuentes primarias y secundarias, propongo una etnografía de la historia de Cancún, que va de la implementación del proyecto y los primeros años de la ciudad (1968-1977) hasta las coyunturas que marcaron, en adelante, la construcción de un presente histórico ad hoc. El objetivo es entender cómo este emblema del turismo internacional negocia su identidad local a través de reclamar pertenencia a la nación y al Caribe, sin por ello desestimar el nativismo pionero erigido como su mito fundacional. Esto permite vislumbrar hasta qué punto, la invención de este nuevo Caribe mexicano, desestabiliza o reactualiza las fronteras del relato nacional.
Study of the activities of the municipal dogs shelters in the city of Stara Zagora and Kazanlak before and after the COVID - 19 pandemic
Authors: Nedkova Ivelina , Penev Toncho , Dimov Dimo , Uzunova Krasimira , Mitev Jurii , Miteva Chonka
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the present study is to study the activity of the municipal shelters for stray dogs in Kazanlak and Stara Zagora for the period 2014-2020 and to make proposals for controlling the stray dog populations. The object of the study is the Municipal Shelters for Stray Dogs in Stara Zagora and Kazanlak for the period 2014-2020. From the research done, it was found that in the Municipal shelter for stray dogs in the city of Stara Zagora, about 340 dogs are captured per year, and in 2020 (the year with restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic) there are only 267 dogs. For comparison, between 200 and 300 dogs are captured in the Municipal shelter for stray dogs in the city of Kazanlak. In 2018, a record number of 392 dogs were captured at this shelter. An analysis shows that a high percentage of captured dogs are subject to castration - up to 56% in Stara Zagora and approximately the same in Kazanlak, where, however, there are also campaigns for castration of yard dogs in the villages. The percentage of dogs returned to the streets in Stara Zagora is low from 6.7 to 36.8%, and in Kazanlak from 17 to 23.4%. As for the adopted animals, in Stara Zagora the results reached 77.2%, and in Kazanlak up to 44% of the captured animals.
STUDY OF BEE MORTALITY IN BULGARIA DURING THE WINTER PERIOD OF 2022/2023
Authors: Koev Koycho , Petrova Nevena
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to investigate and define the main reasons involved in the winter mortality of honeybee colonies during the last winter season of 2022/2023 in Bulgaria. In the survey were included 94 respondents that have reported mortality The mortality rate for farms with up to 50 bee colonies is 31%, for those with 50-150 bee colonies it is 19.27%, and for the largest bee farms that are with over 150 bee colonies, it is 19.9%. Cumulative mortality in the mortality of bee colonies is 29.66% - 1937 bee colonies died from total of 6530 in winter period of 2022/2023. The study identifies several factors such as Varroasis, insufficient nutritional substrate, unfavorable climatic changes, pesticides use, queen bee problems and others.
Az interocepció tudatos aspektusainak fejlődéséről és fejlesztéséről
Authors: Koncz Ádám , Köteles Ferenc
Published: October 2023

Elméleti háttér: Az interoceptív információknak és ezek magasabb szintű integrációjának születésünktől fogva fontos szerepe van a túlélésben és a pszichológiai működésekben is. Ennek a nagy mennyiségű információnak csak egy kis része tudatosul, amelyet három kategóriára, az interoceptív pontosságra, az interoceptív érzékenységre és az interoceptív tudatosságra bonthatunk. Cél: Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintést nyújtson az interocepció fejlődési vonatkozásairól, továbbá, hogy bemutassa az említett jelenség gyermekkori korrelátumait és fejlesztésével kapcsolatos empirikus eredményeket. Módszerek: A tanulmányban elsőként áttekintjük, hogy a különféle fejlődéselméletekben hogyan jelenik meg az interocepció, majd a szakirodalomban elérhető empirikus eredményeket foglaljuk össze, végül pedig összegezzük a fejlesztés lehetőségeit. Eredmények: A különböző elméletalkotók közül Ádám György adja a legkomplexebb megközelítést, amelynek központi eleme, hogy az egyén figyelme a születés után idővel egyre inkább a külső ingerek felé fordul. Az előbbiek ellenére azonban úgy tűnik, hogy a belső érzetek detektálása újratanulható. Egyes faktorok, mint amilyen például a szorongás és a pánikbetegség tünetei, már gyermekkorban pozitív összefüggést mutatnak az interoceptív pontossággal. Más esetekben, például elhízás vagy krónikus tik zavar során negatív összefüggést találtak, az autizmus spektrumzavar esetében pedig vegyes eredmények születtek. Az interocepció különböző aspektusainak fejleszthetőségével kapcsolatban a túlnyomórészt felnőttektől származó eredmények azt mutatják, hogy inkább az interoceptív tudatosság javítható különféle intervenciók segítségével, bár a pontosság tekintetében elképzelhető, hogy az egyes kontemplatív intervenciók és a testpásztázás fejlesztő hatással bírnak. Következtetések: Az interoceptív tudatossággal kapcsolatos nagyobb számú pozitív eredményt magyarázhatja, hogy az interoceptív pontosság felnőttkorra már stabillá válik, azonban feltételezzük, hogy gyermekkorban még lehetséges a befolyásolása.
Irregular boundaries stereo images dataset creating using depth estimation model
Authors: Wahsh Muntasser A. , Hussain Zainab M.
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a stereoscopic image and depth dataset created using a deep learning model. It addresses the challenge of obtaining accurate and annotated stereo image pairs with irregular boundaries for deep learning model training. Stereoscopic image and depth dataset provides a unique resource for training deep learning models to handle irregular boundary stereoscopic images, which are valuable for real-world scenarios with complex shapes or occlusions. The dataset is created using monocular depth estimation, a state-of-the-art depth estimation model, and it can be used in applications like rectifying images, estimating depth, detecting objects, and autonomous driving. Overall, this paper presents a novel dataset that demonstrates its effectiveness and potential for advancing stereo vision and developing deep learning models for computer vision applications.
Villa García, Roberto, 1923. El golpe de Estado que cambió la historia de España, Barcelona, Espasa, 2023, 768p. ISBN 978-84-6707-058-3. 22,70€
Authors: Moral-Roncal Antonio-Manuel
Published: October 2023

Book Review
CORPUS USED AS A DATA-DRIVEN LEARNING TOOL IN L2 ACADEMIC WRITING: EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH CONTEXTS
Authors: Emir Gamze , Yangın Ekşi Gonca
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effectiveness of using corpus as a data-driven learning (DDL) tool to enhance the academic writing skills of Turkish EFL learners. The study also explored learners’ views of the potential use of corpus in L2 academic writing. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-method sequential explanatory design was employed, involving freshman student teachers enrolled in the Department of English Language Teaching at a state university in Turkey. The participants completed four argumentative essay writing tasks. Two tasks employed conventional techniques for error correction, while the other two utilized corpus as a reference tool for error correction. The latter two tasks were complemented by corpus training for the participants. The results indicated that using corpus as a DDL tool had a significant impact on the academic writing skills of Turkish EFL learners, with notable improvements observed in both grammar and vocabulary use. Participants also expressed positive feedback on the use of corpus as a DDL tool in enhancing their L2 academic writing.
Revision of Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), with New Combinations and a New Species Described
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Qu Lu , Hu Guoxiong , Zhang Dianxiang
Published: October 2023

Abstract— Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), a genus with two fully mycoheterotrophic species distributed in the tropics of South America and West Africa, is extended to include two Asian species and one African species with “wingless” flowers. Specifically,
Burmannia championii and B. densiflora are transferred to Campylosiphon, and a Campylosiphon species new to science is described from Guizhou, China, supported by a combination of morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic inference. We reveal that the
genus Campylosiphon can be characterized by five morphological aspects. With this revised circumscription, Campylosiphon becomes the third genus in Burmanniaceae with a pantropical distribution pattern. We also report that two Campylosiphon species have advanced degraded
plastomes, losing all protein coding genes for photosynthesis.
Revisiting Metternichia (Solanaceae) Through an Integrative Approach: A Monotypic Genus?
Authors: de Souza Leonardo da Silveira , Andrade Bianca Ott , Radaeski Jefferson Nunes , Bauermann Soraia Girardi , Stehmann João Renato
Published: October 2023

Abstract— Improving species delimitation and knowledge on species complexes is crucial for many areas of study in Biology, especially conservation. Integrative taxonomy contributes to this topic by using different approaches to better delineate taxonomic boundaries.
Metternichia (Solanaceae), historically a monospecific genus, has a geographic range that comprises contrasting environments. Metternichia principis was described as having two varieties: the typical variety, found in the humid forests of eastern Brazil (Atlantic Forest region),
and M. principis var. macrocalyx, which presents a larger calyx and inhabits mostly semi-arid areas (Caatinga region). In this study, we tested the validity of such groups by integrating environmental, phenological, morphometric, and palynological data; applying uni- and multivariate
tests; and evaluating the conservation status of each taxon. Our results support the recognition of two morphological groups within Metternichia, largely in agreement with the original circumscription of the varieties. Multivariate analyses clearly indicate different ecological niches,
with each taxon inhabiting environments with distinct mean annual precipitation and temperature. Phenological data show some differences between the varieties regarding months with the highest number of flowering and fruiting records. In general, M. principis var. macrocalyx
presents larger flower and pollen characters, and smaller fruit characters compared to the typical variety. Based on these findings, we elevate the variety to the status of species, as the new combination Metternichia macrocalyx. Following IUCN guidelines, both taxa are here
preliminarily considered endangered (EN).