bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofiber for Packaging Applications
Authors: Balakrishnan Preetha , Gopi Sreerag , Geethamma V.G. , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2019

In this study, a facile, ecofriendly nanocomposite based on glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic potato starch (TPS) containing 0-4 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from pineapple leaf was prepared by the solution casting technique. The nanocomposite films showed better mechanical properties compared to neat film. The tensile properties were fit with theoretical predictions. Tensile strength increased with CNF loading and reached up to 4.682 MPa (TPS+3 wt.% CNF) from 1.58 MPa (neat TPS), an improvement of ~196% over the neat polymer. The addition of cellulose nanofiber improved the barrier properties of films by creating a tortuous path for penetrant molecules. Gas transport behavior of CNF-based TPS nanocomposite films was explored using O2 gas. A 56% decrease (relative to neat TPS) in oxygen permeability of the nanocomposite membranes was achieved by adding only 3 wt.% CNF. The oxygen permeability data were fit with two theoretical models
Assessing Adherence by Combining the Test of Adherence to Inhalers With Pharmacy Refill Records
Authors:   the investigators of the RE-TAI study, Plaza V , Giner J , Curto E , Alonso-Ortiz MB , Orue MI , Vega JM , Cosío BG
Published: October 2019

Background: The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommends the concurrent use of self-report and pharmacy refill data to assess treatment adherence. However, clinical evidence to support this combined approach is limited. Objective: To determine nonadherence to inhaler medication based on a validated questionnaire (Test of Adherence to Inhalers; TAI) and prescription refill data in a community sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Secondarily, we sought to determine the degree of concordance between these two measures. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational multicenter study in patients with asthma or COPD. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from clinical records. Refill data were retrieved from electronic pharmacy databases. Participants completed the 12-item TAI during a single visit as part of routine care. Nonadherence was defined as TAI <50 or <80% pharmacy refill rate (PRR) in the previous 6 months. Results: A total of 816 patients (mean age, 60) were included. Nonadherence rates were 58.1% (TAI) and 28.6% (PRR) compared with 64.6% for the combined data (P<.0001). Concordance between the 2 measures was weak (к=0.205). Conclusions: These findings confirm the GINA recommendations, indicating that concomitant use of the TAI and pharmacy refill data identifies a higher percentage of nonadherent asthma or COPD patients than either instrument alone.
Outcomes of surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer: our experience
Authors: Lekawale Hemant S. , Gaidole Rachana V.
Published: October 2019

Background: Comprehensive surgical staging and surgical cytoreduction is the primary modality of treatment in early and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer respectively, followed by systemic chemotherapy in most of the patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of surgery and its impact on disease free and overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 38 patients of biopsy proven epithelial ovarian cancer was performed. Patient’s demographic data, details of surgical procedure, post-operative complications, histopathological findings, staging and pattern of recurrence were collected from the medical records.Results: Six (15.8%) patients had early disease (stage I-II) at presentation while 30 (94.7%) patients advanced disease (stage III-IV). Staging laparotomy was done in six (15.8%) patients, primary cytoreduction in eight (21.05%) patients, interval cytoreduction in 17 (81.6%) patients and secondary cytoreduction in two (5.3%) patients. Five (13.2%) patients were inoperable. The median follow up time was in the range of 2 to 56 months (median 26 months). The three years overall survival in advanced stage was 73.74%. Disease free survivals in primary and interval cytoreduction groups were 80% and 58.67% respectively. The disease free survival in patients with optimal cytoreduction was 72.9%.Conclusions: The present study indicates that in the majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer, surgery can lead to optimal cytoreduction with acceptable disease-free and overall survival.
A prospective observational study of follicular unit excision grafting for the management of stable vitiligo
Authors: Kumar Raj , Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Gupta Anil Kumar
Published: October 2019

Background: Vitiligo is a common acquired idiopathic and often, familial hypomelanosis, which is characterized by pale white macules that enlarges centrifugally over time. In India, vitiligo is associated with marked social stigma, thus demanding its effective management. Stable vitiligo lesions known to be relatively refractory medical therapy require surgical therapies like skin grafting or grafting of invitro cultured and non-cultured melanocytes or follicular unit excision (FUE) grafting.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done on patients of stable vitiligo. A total of 20 patients were enrolled and underwent FUE grafting for study of effectiveness and complication.

Results: A total of 20 patients of stable vitiligo were studied with or without leukotrichia in which good to excellent response was seen in 13 (65%), fair in 6 (30%) and poor in 1 (5%) patients.

Conclusions: FUE is a superior and upcoming methodology which is cost effective, reliable, less disfiguring, very low morbidity and results in good color match in patients with stable vitiligo.
Definición de cáncer
Authors: Tinoco-García Alicia
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar acerca de la existencia de dos paradigmas científicos en oncología, a los que aquí se denomina: paradigma crítico vs paradigma ortodoxo y las controversias científicas entre ambos respecto a su definición de cáncer y sus implicaciones en las prácticas médicas y en los tratamientos de los pacientes; también  reflexionar acerca de la responsabilidad social del quehacer científico y particularmente de la oncología. Las reflexiones tienen sustento teórico en la filosofía de la ciencia. Para el logro del objetivo se realizó un seguimiento hemerográfico de controversias científicas públicas, recientes, alrededor del cáncer entre la Sociedad Internacional de la Dinámica de Protones en el Tratamiento del Cáncer (paradigma crítico) y el, entonces, Director del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) en Madrid, España (paradigma ortodoxo), y revisión de algunas plataformas de sitios web de oncología que coinciden con los postulados del paradigma ortodoxo, así como revisión bibliográfica para el sustento teórico.
Identidad, tiempo y cambio: disolviendo el problema de la identidad diacrónica
Authors: Lopez Cristian
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. En primer lugar, argumentaré que el problema de la identidad diacrónica es un problema subsidiario de asumir, por un lado, una posición ontológica en particular respecto de la constitución de los objetos físicos, el tridimensionalismo, y por el otro, y estrechamente relacionado, de asumir el presentismo como metafísica del tiempo. Mostraré que, asumiendo una ontología tetradimensional y el eternalismo, el problema naturalmente se disuelve. En segundo lugar, mostraré que tenemos sólidos motivos empíricos para favorecer el tetradimensionalismo a la luz de la física contemporánea, en particular, de la teoría especial de la relatividad.
Desacuerdo en lógica
Authors: Vásquez Dávila Omar Hildebrando
Published: October 2019

En este breve trabajo es analizada y criticada la famosa tesis de Quine según la cual un cambio de lógica implica un cambio del significado de las conectivas lógicas. Primero, como resultado del análisis, muestro que dicha tesis es importante para entender qué significa cuestionar la Lógica Clásica de Primer Orden. En segundo lugar, como resultado de algunas críticas que dirijo a la tesis quineana, sostengo que es posible un desacuerdo genuino entre un lógico clásico y un lógico divergente. En particular, propongo que al definir las expresiones lógicas tenemos que considerar la relación entre leyes lógicas y algunos usos que hacemos de dichas expresiones. Además, como una estrategia para formar un significado básico común de las conectivas que permita el desacuerdo entre un lógico clásico y uno divergente, apelo a algunas maneras de debilitar las leyes lógicas clásicas.
The effect of ethnobotanic activities on learning performance of pre-service teachers about plants’ classification
Authors: Yangin Selami
Published: October 2019

This study analyses the effectiveness of ethnobotanic activities on learning performance of pre-service teachers about plants’ classification. The research design was a quasi-experimental model. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group in which ethnobotanical activities were carried out was more successful for answers given to the interview form. On the other hand, there was no difference between the groups in multiple-choice questions. In other words, ethnobotanical practices have developed the subjective views of the students so they could have more comprehensive knowledge of the plants. These results suggest that ethnobotanic activities encourage pre-service teachers to think and talk through how to solve more open-ended problems that require making connections between analytical and practical components. This study also suggests the need to rethink how we teach botany to pre-service teachers, and how to help them learn the content better and establish more accurate conceptions of the biology content.
Keywords: Ethnobotanic activities, learning performance, pre-service teachers
The influence of time management behaviours before starting general physics laboratory-I experiments on academic achievement in the course
Authors: Erdemir Mustafa , Tomar Hurmus
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the time management behaviours before starting experiments in the laboratory environment and to find out whether such behaviours are influential on academic achievement in the laboratory course. Nine pre-service science teachers were observed for 9â€“11 minutes per week before starting experiments for 6 weeks. The findings were obtained through analysis of observation records and the time management behaviours before starting experiments by two domain experts. The pre-service teachers reading experiment leaflets prior to experiments were found to have a higher academic achievement level compared to those not reading them. In addition, a positive relationship was identified between academic achievement and the time management behaviour involving having textbooks, lecture notes and other sources about subjects present before experiments. Getting tools and materials before experiments, organising experiment desks, cooperation with groupmates and having experiment leaflets present were also found to influence academic achievement.

Keywords: Time management, academic achievement, general physics laboratory-I, pre-service science teachers.
Responsibility development as academic integrity tool for translation and public administration students
Authors: Nesterova Olha , Nakaznyi Mykola , Berdnyk Lada , Sorokina Natalya , Cherkashchenko Olesia , Medvedovskaya Tetyana
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with the development of studentsâ€™ responsibility as a tool of academic integrity and it aims to develop the way of improvement of studentsâ€™ responsibility of dealing with information and consider the results of its implementation. The study involved theoretical analysis and experimental activity. The research data were collected using the special questionnaire for study responsibility in dealing with information. The authors suggest the development of a module covering ethics of dealing with information to be included in the courses within studentsâ€™ curriculum. The experimental activity of such courses implementation resulted in the improvement of levels of studentsâ€™ responsibility. The experimental data obtained during the implementation of two module topics into the courses of English for Specific Purposes and Practice of Translation from the First Foreign Language enabled the authors to admit their efficiency for the development of responsibility and academic integrity.

Keywords: Responsibility, translation, academic integrity, information literacy, ethics.
WOMAN IN THE GREY AREA' DALAM FILSAFAT DISCOURSE: MANUSIA, PEREMPUAN DAN SEKS WORKER
Authors: Suharnanik Suharnanik
Published: October 2019

Humans as a single unified whole that unites between soul and body. Homan reputed to exist if that organism is reputed exist, it means meaning full that determine human acknowledged. The sex of human organism is male or female even gray areas are determined based on objectivity and subjectivity that inherent in visible or not visible. In the word of "woman" as a social reality that must be accepted as a voluntary or forced act. Whore is a deep human organism in the social reality that containing of human behavior subjectively or objectively, behavioral formed consciously or unconsciously intentionally or unintentionally. Behavior is forming a consciousness as a marker or meaning full of human. Society and culture is responsible for the formation of meaning of prostitutes, whether the organism is included in the categorization of black, white or gray

Keywords: Human, Woman, and Seks Worker

 
lNTERNALISASI NILAI LIFESTYLE DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MASYARAKAT MADANI (Studi Fenomenologi Gaya Hidup Guru MTsN Di Kota Malang Pasca Sertifikasi)
Authors: Zuhroh Ni'matuz
Published: October 2019

Teacher professions in Indonesia were initially underestimated because they only received low salaries and were not standard when compared to other professions such as the lawyer's profession, the medical profession, and the accounting profession. Whereas in Japan, being a teacher is a dream for all young people because the Teacher's profession has been equated with other professions since 1886. But in the Era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Government, through Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, the fate of Master was raised as high as possible through Teacher Certification. The aspect of consumer needs in fulfilling their daily needs since the teacher received a certification allowance is a phenomenon that the condition of the teacher is better than the previous conditions. This research uses phenomenological qualitative methods. Based on the results of the study in general the certified teachers in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri in Malang City have a fairly high spirit in carrying out the tasks which are realized, among others in the form of certification allowances functioned to improve self-quality by attending training, workshops, and seminars and buying equipment and supplies sufficient to support teaching.

Keywords: professionals; lawyers; doctors; accountants; certifications
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 1 SUMBERGEMPOL TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Silfi Riza Kurnia , Umatin Choiru
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry learning model on social studies motivation and learning outcomes of class VII students of SMP 01 Sumbergempol Tulungagung. The method in this research uses quantitative methods. The sample in this research amounted to 70 students with 34 students of experimental class and 32 students of control class. Data analysis using T-test and Mannova tests. The results of this research show: 1) the influence of a guided inquiry learning model on student learning motivation. Hypothesis testing obtained t count (13.673)> t table (1.995) then accept H_0. 2) The influence of guided inquiry learning model on student learning outcomes. Hypothesis testing obtained t count (15.433)> t table (1.995) then accept H_0. 3) There is a significant influence of guided inquiry learning model on student motivation and learning outcomes. Based on the results of the manova test, the significance value is 0,000. This value is below the probability value of 0.05 (0,000 <0,05). It is known that this test shows H_a received then H_0 is rejected. This means that there is a significant influence between the use of a guided inquiry learning model on motivation and learning outcomes of class VII students of SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung. This research contributes to creating active, creative and effective learning so that students' motivation and learning outcomes can increase.

Keywords: inquiry; motivation; learn results
Analisa dan Pemodelan Framework Cordova Berbasis Android Pada Sistem Informasi Akademik
Authors: Santi Rusmala
Published: October 2019

Sistem informasi akademik berperan sangat penting dalam suatu lingkungan pendidikan. Untuk mengoptimalkan layanan kepada pengguna maka pengembang sistem informasi pada organisasi perlu mengupayakan sistem yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna, diantaranya dapat diakses setiap waktu. Pengguna masa milenia selalu membawa smartphone, sehingga perlu dipikirkan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi yang dapat dipakai dan nyaman yang kompatibel dengan sistem operasi smartphone. Penelitian ini membantu pengembang teknologi informasi di universitas dalam mengembangkan sistem informasi akademik yang berbasis android, dengan framework cordova. Analisis menggunakan metode terstruktur dan pemodelan menggunakan metode Object-Oriented, dengan menggunakan alat pemodelan UML.
Medios de vida en los hogares rurales de México: el impacto de la migración internacional
Authors: Salgado-Nieto Uberto
Published: October 2019

A raíz de la crisis que se vive en el sector agropecuario mexicano desde 1975 y que se profundizó con el Tratado de Libre Comercio con América del Norte (TLCAN), las familias del ámbito rural se han visto en la necesidad de buscar actividades que les permitan complementar o sustituir los ingresos derivados de las actividades agropecuarias. Por medio de un análisis a los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares (Enigh) de 2016, se evidenció que las remesas y los salarios no agropecuarios se han convertido en una de las principales fuentes de ingresos de los hogares rurales. Tras aplicar un modelo econométrico logístico, se verificó que uno de los factores centrales que le permiten a un hogar rural adoptar una estrategia de medio de vida fuera de la esfera agropecuaria es el nivel educativo de los miembros del hogar
Cohesión social vs. participación. Reflexiones teóricas y algunas interrogantes para el caso cubano
Authors: Martínez-Betancourt Elaine
Published: October 2019

Asociada históricamente a momentos de cambio, la cohesión social se enfrenta en la actualidad a los fundamentos de un injusto orden internacional. En correspondencia con el debate científico, esta encuentra en el trabajo una tradicional fuente de explicación. Sin embargo, construir sociedades cohesionadas se convierte en un tema polémico cuando intentamos homogeneizar tejidos sociales que por definición son heterogéneos. La ambigüedad que distingue su definición se presenta en tanto requisito de su propia existencia, aunque al menos queda claro que inclusión social y voluntad del hombre son indispensables. Con ello, el logro de una participación democrática resulta una tarea vital para el involucramiento de los actores sociales en procesos de toma de decisiones. Es así que este artículo se propone dilucidar las articulaciones entre cohesión social y participación, teniendo en cuenta el proceso de actualización a que asiste el modelo económico social cubano en la construcción de un socialismo próspero y sustentable. Reconstruir la trama de significados contenida en dicho caso denota una serie de interrogantes en el intento por comprender la realidad de sociedades tan complejas como las nuestras
Respon Imun Ayam Petelur Pascavaksinasi Newcastle Disease Pada Peternakan Komersial Di Desa Denbantas, Kecamatan Tabanan
Authors: Suwartini Ni Komang , Kencana Gusti Ayu Yuniati , Suartha I Nyo
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon imun sekunder pascavaksinasi kedua Necastle Disease pada peternakan komersial di Desa Denbantas, Kecamatan Tabanan. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara acak terhadap 10 ekor ayam petelur dari total 200 ekor. Sampel diambil sebanyak tiga kali yakni sekali pravaksinasi dan dua kali pascavaksinasi pada peternakan komersial. Pemeriksaan titer antibodi Necastle Disease dilakukan dengan uji serologi Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI). Nilai titer antibodi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam univariate dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT), uji Duncan, dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan titer antibodi yang signifikan setiap minggu pascavaksinasi. Rerata titer antibodi pravaksinasi sebesar 2,4 HI log 2. Rerata titer antibodi ayam petelur pascavaksinasi kedua pada minggu ke-2 yaitu 8,0 HI log 2 dan 7,0 HI log 2 pada minggu ke-3. Periode pengambilan serum berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap peningkatan titer antibodi  Newcastle Disease pascavaksinasi setiap minggunya.
Drama Education Differences Between China and Western Countries
Authors: Zhou Tian
Published: October 2019

There are overall differences between the education policies and system between the Chinese and western education systems. These differences are brought up by the differences in government policies, the existing student's and orientation system, the country's population and school size, and community attitudes towards the country’s education system. By contrast, the education policies in western cultures are designed to prepare students to be more successful people in society by gaining enough educational skills and developing a strong friendship. There are several ways in which the Chinese education system completely varies with the western education system. Western countries focus on adopting varieties of learning methods in achieving a democratic government. For the Chinese, there is the management of the massive population, which is managed by a different mode of government. This paper tries to explain the differences between drama education in China and the Western cultures.
Performance of Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally with Focus on Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Trichothecene Toxins
Authors: Góral Tomasz , Łukanowski Aleksander , Maluszynska Elzbieta , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga , Buśko Maciej , Perkowski Juliusz
Published: October 2019

Growing acreage and changing consumer preferences cause increasing interest in the cereal products originating from organic farming. Lack of results of objective test, however, does not allow drawing conclusions about the effects of cultivation in the organic system and comparison to currently preferred conventional system. Field experiment was conducted in organic and conventional fields. Thirty modern cultivars of winter wheat were sown. They were characterized for disease infection including Fusarium head blight, seed sowing value, the amount of DNA of the six species of Fusarium fungi as well as concentration of ergosterol and trichothecenes in grain. The intensity Fusarium head blight was at a similar level in both systems. However, Fusarium colonization of kernels expressed as ergosterol level or DNA concentration was higher for the organic system. It did not reflect in an increased accumulation of trichothecenes in grain, which was similar in both systems, but sowing value of organically produced seeds was lower. Significant differences between analyzed cropping systems and experimental variants were found. The selection of the individual cultivars for organic growing in terms of resistance to diseases and contamination of grain with Fusarium toxins was possible. Effects of organic growing differ significantly from the conventional and grain obtained such way can be recommended to consumers. There are indications for use of particular cultivars bred for conventional agriculture in the case of organic farming, and the growing organic decreases plant stress resulting from intense fertilization and chemical plant protection.
MODUS KALIMAT PERINTAH DAN LARANGAN DALAM “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADITS” KARYA IMAM SUYUTHI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Jazuli Ahmad
Published: October 2019

This article aims to explain the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in hadits by using Searle's speech act theory. The purpose of this study focused to describe the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in seen from sentence mode. Results of this study indicate that there are several characteristics of the use of the phrase mode commands and prohibitions of the Prophet Muhammad such us declarative sentences mode with verb sentence form and noun sentence form; Imperative sentences mode with fi‘lul-amri form, ismu fi‘lil-amri form, dan la an-nahiyah form; and the interrogative sentences mode with using “َ ”أand “.”
PERSPEKTIF ISLAM TERHADAP NILAI MORAL DALAM CERPEN DAULAH AL-‘ASHĀFĪR KARYA TAUFĪQ AL-CHAKĪM (ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES)
Authors: Reza Sukma Nugraha Siti Umi Kasanah,
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe the Islamic perspective on moral values in the short story Daulah Al-‘Ashāfīr by Taufīq Al-Chakīm. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is the Daulah Al-Ashāfīr short story by Taufīq Al-Chakīm using Roland Barthes's Semiotic theory. The data used is the text in the form of quotations that show moral values in the Daulah Al-Ashāfīr. Analysis is done by reading, then recording things that show moral values in the Daulah Al-Ashāfīr. Furthermore, collecting secondary data that supports the research. Then analyze the moral values of Daulah Al-Ashāfīr by using Roland Barthes's semiotic theory and proceed with an Islamic perspective on that value. Finally, make a conclusion. The results of the study show that moral values in the short story Daulah Al-Ashāfīr by Taufīq Al-Chakīm are divided into three, namely (1) religious moral values, (2) social moral values, (3) and individual moral values. All three moral values are in accordance with Islamic teachings, there is human relations with God, human relations with others, and human relations with yourself.
Pengaruh Penambahan Biokar Sekam Padi Terhadap Penyerapan Gas CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) Dan Kuat Tekan Pada Plester Dinding
Authors: Reza Arrafi Rasyid  , Erdawati Erdawati , Darwis Darsef
Published: October 2019

Abstrak

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan limbah sekam padi menjadi biokar sebagai zat aditif dalam mortar yang berperan sebagai absorben gas CO2 di dalam mortar. Tujuan penelitian ini selain untuk memanfaatkan limbah sekam, tetapi juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan biokar sekam padi terhadap penyerapan gas CO2 dan kuat tekan pada plester dinding. Pada penelitian ini biokar yang digunakan adalah biokar yang dipirolisis pada suhu 500ºC selama 8 jam.  Penambahan biokar dilakukan dengan presentase 0; 10; 12,5 dan 15% dalam campuran mortar dengan komposisi Portland Cement (PC):Pasir (PS) sebesar 1:4 dan faktor air semen sebesar 0,6. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian kuat tekan mortar dilakukan setelah perawatan 7 dan 28 hari dan serapan gas CO2. Hasil dari pengukuran kuat tekan dan serpan gas CO2 menunjukan bahwa semakin banyak penambahan presentase biokar dalam campuran mortar akan  menurukan kekuatan plester dinding dan penyerapan gas CO2 pada plester.

Kata kunci: Biokar, karbon dioksida, kuat tekan, mortar.

Abstract

Biochar utilization in various fields of life, where biocar is an additive in mortar that acts as CO2 absorbent in the mortar. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of biochar rice husk form CO2 absorption and compressive strength on wall plaster. The biochar used was characterized by SEM-EDX and FTIR, while the standard plaster samples, 10% biocar+plaster, and 15% biocar+plaster used SAA. In this study biocar which had been pyrolyzed at 500 °C at a pressure of 10 psi, then added at 0; 10; 12.5 and 15% in mortar mix with the composition of Portland Cement (PC):Sand (PS) was 1:4 and Portland Cement (PC): water (W) of 0.6. Mortar compressive strength testing on 7 and 28 treatment days. From the results of the study, the optimal percentage of biocar addition was 10% with compressive strength of 18.5 MPa and CO2 absorption of 0.14 ppm. More biochar additions to the plaster reduce the strength and absorption of CO2 gasplaster.

Keywords: Biochar, carbon dioxide, compressive strength, mortar
Sukuk: A Veritable Tool for Effective Waqf Fund Management in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Adamu , Aliyu Shehu
Published: October 2019

Since its emergence in the early 2000’s, Sukuk has been regarded as the most significant innovation recorded in the Islamic capital market. Sukuk is generally regarded as an equivalent of conventional bond, Sukuk paved way for mobilization of long term Shari’ah compliant funds for equally Shari’ah compliant undertakings. Islamic capital market experts have developed various Shari’ah compliant Sukuk structures, notable among which is Waqf-based Sukuk structure. Viewed as a distinct ethical capitalism and a veritable vehicle for long term financing, Waqf was found to record tremendous impact in all spares of human needs. The paper seeks to unveil how Waqf-based Sukuk could be used to attain effective mobilization as well as management of Waqf assets. It explores the possibility of issuing Waqf-based Sukuk for the development, renovation, reconstruction and modification of Waqf assets in Nigeria. The paper employs a non-experimental, deductive-analytical approach, in its investigation. Evidences show that Waqf-linked Sukuk has been successful in the development of Waqf assets in countries like Indonesia, Singapore and Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, the paper develops a Waqf-based Sukuk (ijarah) framework for fund mobilization for development of Waqf properties in Nigeria. We strongly recommend that both formal and non-formal Waqf institutions in Nigeria should utilize this outlet to effectively develop, deepen and manage their philanthropic activities.
Acromioclavicular and Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction for Acromioclavicular Joint Instability
Authors: Kennedy Mitchell i. , Peebles Liam A. , Provencher Matthew T. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: October 2019

Numerous operative techniques have been described for acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint instability. Injuries of this nature are commonly sustained by contact-sport athletes in high-impact collisions or falls. Traumatic injury to the acromioclavicular joint and ligamentous structures can range in severity, as can the degree of subsequent joint instability. Injuries classified between Type I and Type III are generally treated nonoperatively, whereas Type-IV injuries may be treated similarly to the treatment described in this article for Type-V injuries. The use of free tendon grafts in conjunction with suspensory devices has demonstrated reliable postoperative outcomes and low rates of unplanned reoperation. We present a surgical technique involving harvest of a semitendinosus autograft from the hamstrings, in addition to allograft augmentation. These free tendon grafts reestablish acromioclavicular joint stability following Rockwood Type-V or VI injuries to the joint. Note that there are differences in the outcomes of free tendon graft, suspensory devices, and modified Weaver-Dunn techniques commonly used to treat acromioclavicular joint instability. Although comparable outcomes have been reported for these modalities, treatment with hook plates and Kirschner wires has demonstrated the highest complication rates when used with this procedure. The Weaver-Dunn technique has been found to yield the lowest postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores among the aforementioned techniques. Additionally, although other procedures may be less invasive, this technique is beneficial because it reinforces horizontal stability in addition to the vertical stability provided by other procedures, resulting in optimal overall shoulder stability. The procedure is performed as follows: (1) harvest the semitendinosus hamstring autograft, (2) dissect the acromioclavicular joint and prepare the acromion by passing sutures through a drilled tunnel, (3) prepare the coracoid in a fashion similar to that of the acromion, (4) prepare the clavicle and establish the trapezoid-clavicular attachment using an AC TightRope (Arthrex), (5) reduce the clavicle via contraction of the AC TightRope, (6) pass grafts and perform fixation of the trapezoid, (7) perform fixation of the acromioclavicular and conoid ligaments, and (8) skin closure with sutures. We acknowledge the inherent potential for complications when performing this procedure, and this is addressed at the appropriate points of concern throughout the video.
Feature Selection Based Hybrid Machine Learning Approach to Formation Cementation Factor Prediction
Authors: Anifowose Fatai , Ayadiuno Christopher , Reshedan Faisal
Published: October 2019

The formation cementation factor, denoted by m in Archie's equation, is obtained from special core analysis. The process is costly, requires enormous manpower, and takes time. As alternatives, statistical relationships and empirical correlations have been derived to estimate m. Such derivations are usually based on porosity and resistivity logs, hence underutilizing the possible contribution of other conventional logs. They are also based on the assumption that the relationship between the logs and m is linear. Other methods, including those based on machine learning, have used a suite of logs to estimate m. We postulate that since not all the logs are sensitive to the variations in m it is necessary to determine an optimal subset that can be used to more accurately estimate m. A comparative study of linear and nonlinear methods of feature selection is presented. This is achieved using an integrated machine learning workflow that combines the nonlinear feature selection capability of functional networks (FNs) with the traditional feed-forward back-propagation algorithm of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to build an FN-ANN hybrid machine learning approach. Datasets collected from various publications were split into training and validation subsets. The training subset is used to build and optimize the models while the validation subset is used to test the models. The results of the proposed model are compared to multivariate linear regression (MLR), an ANN fed with all input variables, and an ANN fed with a subset of input variables selected based on linear correlation (LC-ANN). In a hybrid fashion, the FN algorithm extracts the best subset of input logs based on nonlinear mapping with m using the least squares fitting criterion. The extracted feature subset is used to predict m for uncored wells. The results show that the FN-ANN hybrid model outperforms the other models. Evaluating the performance of the models on two test cases, the FN-ANN model has the least root mean square error compared to the other models. The results prove that the relationship between the input logs and m is nonlinear. It therefore confirms the efficiency of the nonlinear variable selection process based on the FN algorithm. Therefore, m could not be reasonably estimated by using linear models such as MLR and LC-ANN. In addition to the improved accuracy, the FN-ANN hybrid model also provides a simpler and more computationally compact model for the prediction of m. This approach will contribute significantly to the petroleum industry's digital transformation agenda as it effectively handles the computational challenges associated with big data and multidimensional feature space.
Successful Multi Wells Geomechanics Feasibility in Burgan Field to Drill High Angle Wells
Authors: Al-Ajmi Khaled , Al-Omani Shaikha , Al-Shuaibi Nawaf , Tuhami Mohamed , Belhouchet Mohamed
Published: October 2019

A mechanical earth model was constructed for an oilfield in Kuwait that has a history of borehole related problems and prone to significant non-productive time in the highly deviated wells, the typical sidetrack wells took more than 100% of the time compared to the low deviated wells. The field is geologically complex, tectonically stressed with faults, fractures, unstable shales and anomalous pore pressures. Wells drilled within the structure are highly deviated with trajectories that almost parallel reservoir bedding planes, and that are aligned with the direction of minimum geomechanical stress.

A comprehensive study was conducted to better understand the stability issues and to investigate the feasibility of drilling numerous additional high deviation wells. Data from selected offset wells was collated, analyzed and combined with field and regional information to construct a geological model which could then be used to predict and mitigate drilling related problems. The equivalent mud weight is arguably the most critical drilling variable and an element of the new plan would take account of stress dynamics and formation strengths to develop a mud program for vertical and horizontal sections.

A geological model was developed using data from offset wells combined with field and regional knowledge. Well logs, mud logs and operational reports were analyzed, while unstable zones and failure mechanisms identified and incorporated into the earth model. A well plan was developed which included a comprehensive mud program and operational contingency actions for unplanned events. The planned well was drilled and monitored in real time, with emphasis on mud weight and mud rheology through the unstable and reactive shales.

Multiple failure mechanisms such as stress induced wellbore instability, invasion of drilling fluids into weak bedding / micro-fractures and osmotic sensitivity, were found to be the root cause of wellbore instability across reactive shale formations especially during drilling of highly deviated wells.

Correct mud weight and type prediction was one key factor during the drilling stage to keep the wellbore stable and deliver good borehole geometry, including the water phase salinity and fluid properties. The key objectives of the study were to define a safe MW program for the vertical and deviated sections of the planned well by conducting a wellbore stability study and to determine a real-time strategy to mitigate or manage wellbore instability problems as they arise.

The paper describes the process of optimizing drilling practices and the application of real-time geomechanical monitoring for successful drilling. This application promises to open the prospect of drilling additional complex trajectory well while mitigating against non-productive time.
Heavy Organic Deposit Formation Damage Control, Analysis and Remediation Techniques
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , Alsubhi Mutaz , Al-Anazi Amer
Published: October 2019

Formation damage resulting from organic and inorganic depositions, such as calcium carbonate, asphaltene and paraffin, is one of the most commonly encountered types of damage in the oil and gas industry. These depositions are usually associated with a decrease in crude productivity, accelerated failure of production completions, such as from electric submersible pumps (ESPs), and less footage coverage while running with production and flow profile logging tools. The major concern highlighted is the increased probability of having more organic deposits in the wellbore as a result of the increased scale of the inorganic deposits.

A thick, heterogeneous sludge mix of hydrocarbons and solid materials is a critical subject for characterization and solubility measurements. Analyzed deposit samples were collected either while running with production logging tools, when pulling out a failed ESP, or when lowering the completion equipment. The hydrocarbon phase was removed by organic solvent and the precipitated solid materials were collected for a lab analysis and solubility test. The solid phase analyses included X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The composition of organic deposit samples was investigated using saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) characterization, Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTMS). The sludge sample solubility tests were conducted over a variety of organic solvents at different temperatures, up to 300°F with a solid mass/liquid volume ratio of 1:10.

The paper presents a typical analysis procedure of organic deposits collected from downhole equipment. The XRD analysis of solid debris materials (inorganic) present in collected sticky materials samples showed that the materials contained mainly carbonate compounds; for instance, calcite-CaCO3, dolomite-CaMg(CO3)2, and Halite-NaCl. These materials were completely soluble in acids like 15 wt% of HCl at reservoir conditions. Calcite scale would have been a problem in cases where the calcium content exceeded 12,000 mg/L. Low solubility results were obtained with static reaction of organic solvents recipes with the sticky materials around 17 to 50 wt%. This, in turn, increased solubility up to 98% as observed from the reaction in dynamic conditions.
Strengthening routine immunization in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional provincial assessment of front-line services.
Authors: Morgan Christopher , Saweri Olga PM , Larme Nicholas , Peach Elizabeth , Melepia Pele , Au Lucy , Michelle Scoullar JL , Mohammad Reza S , Vallely Lisa M , McPake Barbara A , Beeson James G
Published: October 2019

Background

Routine immunization programs face many challenges in settings such as Papua New Guinea with dispersed rural populations, rugged geography and limited resources for transport and health. Low routine coverage contributes to disease outbreaks such as measles and the polio that re-appeared in 2018. We report on an in-depth local assessment that aimed to document immunization service provision so as to review a new national strategy, and consider how routine immunization could be better strengthened.Methods

In East New Britain Province, over 2016 and 17, we carried out a cross-sectional assessment of 12 rural health facilities, staff and clients. The study was timed to follow implementation of a new national strategy for strengthening routine immunization. We used interview, structured observation, and records review, informed by theory-based evaluation, a World Health Organization quality checklist, and other health services research tools.Results

We documented strengths and weaknesses across six categories of program performance relevant to national immunization strategy and global standards. We found an immunization service with an operational level of staff, equipment and procedures in place; but one that could reach only half to two thirds of its target population. Stronger routine services require improvement in: understanding of population catchments, tracking the unvaccinated, reach and efficiency of outreach visits, staff knowledge of vaccination at birth and beyond the first year of life, handling of multi-dose vials, and engagement of community members. Many local suggestions to enhance national plans, including more reliable on-demand services, integration of other family health services and increased involvement of men.Conclusions

The national strategy addresses most local gaps, but implementation and resourcing requires greater commitment. Long-term strengthening requires a major increase in centrally-allocated resources, however there are immediate locally feasible steps within current resources that could boost coverage and quality of routine immunization especially through better population-based local planning, and stronger community engagement. Our results also suggest areas where vaccination campaigns in PNG can contribute to routine immunization services.
Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization
Authors: Sulekova Lucia Fontanelli , Gabrielli Simona , Furzi Federica , Milardi Giovanni Luigi , Biliotti Elisa , De Angelis Maurizio , Iaiani Giancarlo , Fimiani Caterina , Maiorano Myriam , Mattiucci Simonetta , Taliani Gloria
Published: October 2019

Background: Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protozoa in human faecal samples with uncertain impact on public health. Studies on the prevalence of Blastocystis in HIV-positive patients are limited and dated.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 156 HIV-positive patients to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis-subtypes by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA), to identify the risk factors for its transmission, to examine the relationship between the presence of the protist and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in Blastocystis-carriers.
Results: Blastocystis-subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors. Blastocystis was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (p=0.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (p= 0.0001) and with flatulence (p=0.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between Blastocystis-carriers and free ones.
Conclusions: Blastocystis is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn’t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of Blastocystis remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in Blastocystis-carriers. The only symptom associated with Blastocystis was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota.
Keywords: Blastocystis, subtype, PCR, HIV, Italy