bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T3SS-effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: The arsenal to bout rice immunity for bacterial blight development
Authors: Mondal Kalyan K , NS Kalaivanan
Published: February 2023

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the bacterial blight (BB) pathogen employs T3SS-effectors of two classes Xanthomonas Outer protein (Xop) and Transcriptional Activational-Like (TAL) effectors to undermine rice PTI for its limitless proliferation inside the rice during disease development. The TALEs include both complete (tTALEs) as well as incomplete or pseudo/iTALEs. Xoo mutants lacking these effectors functional genes when inoculated on rice caused significant increased expression of rice PTI genes. The both the effectors are tracked to localize to the rice plasma membrane. The effectors secreted in phase manner are targeted to nullify the innate and induced defense response in the host. The immune suppression is mediated through enzymatic and transcriptional function of these effectors. In short analysis, Xop effectors put-off of triggered immunity whereas TAL effectors ensure the supply of required nutrients for the bacteria. In vice-versa, these effectors are recognition factors for induction of defense response in non/resistant hosts which of importance in the exploitation of these factors for improving the resistance of rice against the Xoo. This advocates that Xoo T3 effectors interacts with the host interactors to accomplish its common goal of undermining the plant immunity, either through interfering physiological function or through weakening plant immune protection system. This review highlights the recent understanding into the Xoo-effectors vs rice that opened up novel rice targets and their sensible exploitation could lead to broad spectrum resistance to BB of rice.
Performance and macro-economic scenarios of rice market outlook in India
Authors: Bisen Jaiprakash , Kumar Shiv , Singh Dharam Raj , Nain Manjeet Singh , Arya Prawin , Tiwari Utkarsh
Published: February 2023

The study looks into past trends and volatility in the demand and supply components of the last 50 years (1970 to 2019) besides assessing the reliability of macro-economic scenarios of rice by 2020 to 2030 published by OECD and NITI Aayog. The study infers the growth in the area under rice cultivation is 0.30 per cent per annum but yield growth is 1.79 per cent per annum. Yield growth rather than area growth would drive future increases in rice production. Scanning of scenarios of reduced rice land revealed that India would need to boost its rice yield by a maximum of one tonne per hectare to maintain future output levels. The reliability of the projection of rice by OECD and NITI Aayog is very high since the mean absolute percentage error of demand is below 2 per cent and of supply is below 16 per cent. Discussion on future outlook suggests that India needs to either boost up its agri-infrastructure or free up some of its rice area in favour of resource conservation and crop diversification. The outlook for rice throws light on upcoming possibilities and challenges and suggests recommendations for alternative policy options to address the dynamics in the rice sector.
HRM systems of personnel management
Authors: Danyliuk Iryna , Babala Lyudmila , Khoma Nadia
Published: February 2023

The article defines the place of information technologies in society, the need for implementation at the enterprise, in particular the automation of the personnel management process, various software products for managing personnel potential, their features of use, functions of modern HRM systems are considered. Full-featured HRM systems make it possible to automate business processes related to personnel management. When applying modern personnel management systems, personnel are a strategic resource of the organization. Business processes of personnel management cover such functions as the automation of certification processes, recruiting, training, employee motivation, and career planning. The article presents the classical functionality of the HRM system, represented by three management levels (blocks), which include the operational level, which contains the modules of record keeping, payroll and taxes; the tactical level represents business processes that are directly related to personnel management; with the rest, the strategic level performs the functions of economic and statistical data analysis, enables management to assess the situation in real time and make timely management decisions. In addition, the study reflects the characteristics of complex information systems of both foreign and domestic production. HRM-systems used in small enterprises (organizations) are preferred.
The work examines world-famous personnel management software products, as well as those used in Ukraine. For an illustrative example, the business processes of the HR department in IDEF0 are given (diagrams are presented, starting from input data to the decomposition of "Dismissal from work").
Technologies of accounting, analysis and audit of settlements with suppliers, their impact on ensuring business continuity
Authors: Mudryk Vitalina , Razborska Olena
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The constant dynamics of changes in the international situation around the war in Ukraine meant the deterioration of the economic environment and deepening of economic and political uncertainty, increasing threats to business. Thus, in the implementation of logistics schemes for the supply of inventory, the issue of effective management of settlements with suppliers becomes one of the priority tasks of the enterprise today. These issues are relevant to the ability of enterprises to fulfill their current obligations, comply with credit schedules and generally continue to function in conditions of information resource security. Reproduction of dynamic changes in the technology of accounting, analysis and audit of the timeliness of settlements with suppliers is a prerequisite for ensuring the continuity of enterprises and is possible with the use of the latest functional models in the economy.
The purpose is to study the assumption of going concern in accounting and auditing, its regulation, technological tasks and the consequences of the impact on financial statements in terms of liabilities for settlements with suppliers; finding ways to solve the problems of accounting technology, analysis and audit of settlements with suppliers on a continuous basis, improving their organization in conditions of uncertainty due to the consequences of military operations.
Method (methodology). Scientific methods and approaches were used in the work, in particular, comparison to study the principle of going concern in the domestic practice of accounting and auditing on the basis of international and domestic standards in terms of settlements with suppliers; formalization and generalization of the main technological tasks of accounting for settlements with suppliers in conditions of uncertainty about the ability of the entity to continue as a going concern.
Results. The essence of the continuity of the enterprise in terms of settlements with suppliers is clarified; international and domestic standards as imperatives for the development of technology for accounting and auditing of liabilities for settlements with suppliers and their impact on financial reporting indicators are studied and analyzed. On the basis of the study, the problems of accounting for settlements with suppliers in conditions of uncertainty at domestic enterprises were identified; a number of potential issues for consideration by the auditor during the assessment were formulated; ways to solve them and ways to optimize them, in particular methods of debt management in order to strengthen payment discipline and reduce the risk of bankruptcy of the enterprise, were proposed.
Peculiarities of the marketing strategy of higher educational institutions
Authors: Mykhailyk Nataliia
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The increase of the number of higher education institutions and the intensifying competition between them has led to a difficult situation, the way out of which is the active use of marketing technologies. In particular, the formation and implementation of the marketing strategy will contribute to strengthening the competitive positions of higher education institutions in the market of educational services. The specifics of educational services imposes a number of features in marketing technologies. Therefore, some terms, goals and principles of marketing activities in higher educational institutions need adaptation.
Purpose. The purpose of the work is to clarify the theoretical basis and specifics of educational services, to study the features of development stages and to implement marketing strategies of higher education institutions.
Method (methodology). A number of scientific methods were used in the research process, in particular: abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and justification of the conducted research results; induction and deduction, systematization and comparison - for investigation theoretical basis of the researched problem; graphic method - for visual display of research results.
Results. The nature and specificity of educational services have been studied, their features have been described. The essence of educational services marketing and the advantages of its application in the activities of higher education institutions have been determined. The essence of the strategy and marketing strategy, including the activities of the educational institution, has been determined. It has been suggested to understand "marketing strategy" as a declaration of the goals and directions of enterprise development, organization or institution in order to strengthen competitive positions and satisfy consumer needs with the help of marketing tools. The characteristic features of the marketing strategy in the higher education institution have been studied. The stages of marketing strategies development and implementation have been investigated.
Conclusions. The choice of an effective marketing strategy, its development and implementation are an integral part of a higher education institution effective management and its operation on the market. It should ensure the development of educational services that satisfy the needs of potential and real consumers, buyers and customers, and the growth of the educational institution's competitiveness on the educational services and the labor market.
Development of the concept of intellectual process management of business processes of the enterprise
Authors: Kostetskyi Yaroslaw , Babii Stepan
Published: February 2023

Introduction. In modern terms of management, the intellectual resources of a company are one of the main resources of entrepreneurial activity. In a modern economy that is characterized by a high level of competition between producers and a growing rate of scientific and technical progress, intellectual resources are becoming one of few sources of competitiveness. The article is devoted to improving and evolving the concept of developing intellectual support for enterprise management based on economic-mathematical and computer models. Strategies for the formation of intellectual support for the management of business processes of enterprises are considered, as well as the factors of the effectiveness of its functioning, taking into account the levels of the hierarchy of the intellectual management of business processes of the enterprise.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop the concept of intellectual support for the management of business processes of enterprises.
Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the research is scientific works on the current state and trends in the formation of intellectual support for the management of business processes of enterprises. Dialectical, systemic, and synergistic approaches were used at all stages of the research; used methods of general scientific knowledge included comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. Statistical analysis was used as a concrete method.
Results. The results of the study allowed us to draw a conceptual approach to modeling information flows of knowledge, both resources and products of the enterprise, and to build appropriate and adequate object models with predefined properties. An important task of intellectual support is the adoption of high-quality innovative solutions, translating knowledge into physical phenomena, structures, and bodies. The use of this material in solving scientific and practical tasks of enterprise management will allow to significantly expand and deepen the possibilities of economic analysis in the process of solving problematic situations, and make management decisions more thorough and effective.
Optimization of subsystems for providing strategic development of the sports and health sphere
Authors: Irtyshcheva Inna , Bogatyrev Konstantin , Romanenko Serhii
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Implementing the strategy for developing sports and recreational activities in the conditions of new economic and socio-political realities requires the development of effective systems of complex provision of the industry with the necessary resources and mechanisms for their distribution and coordination. The primary direction of the formation of a model aimed at the implementation of strategic goals and objectives of the development of the sports and health sector is the revision of the current management system in the industry and its reformation given the change in tasks, priorities and strategic opportunities, taking into account the economic situation and the primary post-war needs of the restoration of the socio-economic system the country and its regions.
The article's purpose is to discuss optimizing the subsystems to ensure the strategic development of the sports and health sector.
Method (methodology). General scientific methods were used in the study: systematization and generalization - to identify the conditions for the development of the sports and recreation sphere in Ukraine; determination of development trends - to characterize national and regional trends in the development of sports and health activities.
The results. Implementing the strategy for developing sports and recreational activities in the conditions of new economic and socio-political realities requires the development of effective systems of complex provision of the industry with the necessary resources and mechanisms for their distribution and coordination. In this context, the main subsystems (organizational, personnel, material and technical, financial, informational, and socio-psychological support) are highlighted, which will collectively contribute to ensuring the industry's viability in the long term. Their current state and main tasks for adaptation to current and strategic conditions are analyzed. Special attention in the context of the strategic development of sports and health activities is focused on creating an effective system of financial and economic support for the industry as a basic factor in the functioning of other subsystems.
The financial and economic subsystem of the development of sports and health activities in the work is understood as a set of structural and dynamic characteristics of economic relationships within the industry (between all participants in the processes of sports and health activities) and outside of it (with state bodies, scientific organizations, foreign partners), which includes a set of defined property relations, systems of movement of financial resources and management methods regulated by relevant legal norms, embodied in organizational and economic mechanisms that allow effective functioning in conditions of a changing environment.
Rural territory as an object of analysis and management
Authors: Revkova Anna
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Currently, rural areas are an important element of the life of any country, where a powerful economic, natural, demographic and cultural potential is concentrated. Its activation and use largely determines the rate of development of a particular region, and also affects the standard of living of rural residents. Therefore, any country should consider the development of rural areas as a promising step to increase production as agricultural products, but also to the growth of the gross product in general.
Goal. On the basis of the conducted research, propose an author's approach to understanding the concept of "rural territory" as an object of analysis and management.
Method (methodology). To achieve the goal and solve the set tasks, the following research methods were used: abstract and logical (when determining the goal, tasks, formulating conclusions, researching domestic and foreign literary sources, regulatory and legal acts, forming a system of socio-economic development of rural areas).
The results. Based on the generalization of the scientists' research, the author's approach to the concept of "rural territory" is proposed as a territory located outside cities, which includes both rural settlements and mainly areas of agricultural production and rural development with its natural resources, socio-cultural living conditions and population, and which performs social, economic and ecological functions.
Financial behavior of households in the context of the development of behavioral finance
Authors: Kizyma Tetyana , Bulavynets Viktoriya , Kizyma Andriy
Published: February 2023

Introduction. At the end of the 20th century in the arsenal of traditional economic theory, there were not enough means by which it was possible to explain the not always rational behavior of economic subjects, which prompted the emergence of the concept of behavioral finance as a new direction of financial education. The subject of research of this concept was primarily the impact of emotional, cultural, psychological, social and other factors on the making of financial decisions by household members. Therefore, the use of the findings of the concept of behavioral finance in modern scientific research will provide an opportunity to justify, and therefore to a certain extent influence the irrational behavior of domestic households, to forecast and model their financial decision-making strategies, as well as to increase the level of financial literacy of Ukrainians.
The purpose of the scientific research is to analyze the pragmatics of the formation and implementation of the financial behavior of Ukrainian households in the context of the development of the theory of behavioral finance and to highlight modern trends and current models of such behavior in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis, system approach, statistical observation, comparative and logical-structural analysis, graphic interpretation of data, generalization.
The main results of the study. It is emphasized that the behavioral model of financial decision-making is based on the main behavioral theories ("theory of prospects", "theory of investor behavior", "theory of noise trading", "theory of the efficiency of trader operations") and effects ("loss aversion effect", "status-quo effect ", "ownership effect", "ostrich effect", "certainty effect", "trap effect", "conservatism effect", "competence effect"). The factors, types and main models of financial behavior of households are singled out and the impact of financial literacy on their formation and implementation is substantiated. The consumer, saving and charitable components of the financial behavior of domestic households were analyzed and the current trends in their formation and implementation in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine were investigated. Considerable attention is paid to the pragmatics of the formation of consumer and financial patriotism of Ukrainians and the specifics of using such a new instrument of citizens' savings as investing in military bonds.
Conclusions. The article characterizes the main theories of behavioral finance, elucidates the essence of household financial behavior, defines its most common types, models and factors. Modern trends in the financial behavior of Ukrainian households are identified and analyzed through the prism of the concept of behavioral finance.
Methods of analysis and management of the efficiency of use of production resources of the organization
Authors: Mykytyuk Petro , Mykytyuk Yuliia , Zavytii Yaroslav
Published: February 2023

Methodical approaches to the analysis of the efficiency of fixed assets use in building organizations on the basis of economic-mathematical models are offered. The sequence of calculations of analytical indicators of the main means of resources, which allows to obtain a reliable assessment of their effectiveness, is developed. The composition of factors and reserves for increasing the efficiency of the fixed assets use is revealed and specified, that will enable to raise the return on assets and profitability of building organizations fixed assets.
Ways to minimize costs of flour milling enterprises of Ukraine
Authors: Kuznetsova Inna , Horbatyuk Valentyna
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The competitiveness of products of flour milling enterprises is quite low on the world flour market due to the high cost. In order to achieve leading positions in foreign markets, Ukrainian flour mills need the formation of stable competitive advantages, which, in turn, is possible on the basis of reducing the cost of production.
Goal. The purpose of the article is to find ways to reduce production costs of flour milling enterprises of Ukraine based on the definition of inefficient production costs.
Methodology. The research used the method of generalization - to determine the essence of the concept of "costs"; the method of analysis and synthesis, the graphic method and the statistical method of the analysis of general indicators - for the analysis of the component costs of flour milling enterprises.
The results. The article reveals three approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "costs" and substantiates the definition of costs as an estimate of the cost of the company's spent resources. The dynamics of the component costs of flour milling enterprises of Ukraine were analyzed: the cost of raw materials and materials, wages, social deductions, depreciation and operating costs. A comparative characterization of the financial indicators of flour milling enterprises of Ukraine in monetary and percentage terms was carried out. The trend towards growth of the studied component costs is determined, which is not always due to the growth of production volumes. Recommendations for improving the production process of flour milling enterprises have been developed. It is proposed to implement the specified recommendations based on the lean production system, which allows minimizing production costs without significant capital investments. Prospective areas of research are the analysis of lean production tools and the production process of flour milling enterprises to eliminate inefficient production costs and reduce the cost of the production process.
Determinants of macroeconomic indicators in international statistics
Authors: Plaskon Svitlana , Ruska Ruslana , Lesyk Oksana
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article analyzes the causality relationships of macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine: gross domestic product, foreign direct investments, export and import of goods and services. Statistics since 1996 to 2021 were used for the analysis. It was determined that positive causal relationships in Ukraine from direct foreign investments to gross domestic product, from direct foreign investments to exports and imports are exist at a high level of reliability and significance.
Purpose. The purpose of this article is a mathematical and statistical analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and the factors affecting them. The tasks of researching the mutual influence of some macroeconomic indicators on others and visa versa, the existence of one-way or two-directions cause and effect relationships, analysis of reliability of the obtained results, are analyzed.
Method. The article uses mathematical and statistical methods and regression-correlation analysis, in particular as the main methods of scientific research; theory of time series; techniques of mathematical modelling. To study these macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine, the extended Dickey-Fuller and Johansen co-integration, the Granger method to identify the vector error correction model and the vector auto-regression model were applied.
Results. Analyzing the statistical data of the gross domestic product, foreign direct investments, export and import of goods and services of Ukraine for the years 1996-2021, their dynamics were studied. Based on the use of Dickey-Fuller and Johansen co-integration methods, the Granger method, the vector error correction model and the vector autoregressive model, it is found that there are positive causal relationships from foreign direct investment to gross domestic product, from foreign direct investment to exports, from foreign direct investment to imports at a high level of credibility and significance.
Subject-object relationship of the banking system and the innovative investment market
Authors: Seniv Bohdan , Korol Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

Theoretical and methodical bases of estimation of efficiency of the real investment projects are examined, probed method of project analysis of projects taking into account risks, the estimation of investment projects is carried out with the use of simulation techniques.
National security of the state: specifics of provision in regime state of war
Authors: Vasylchyshyn Oleksandra , Tytor Volodymyr , Kekish Igor
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Ensuring national security as a system of guarantees for the protection of the vital interests of the state, society and the individual from internal and external threats involves the realization of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, their proper standard of living, as well as the independence and sovereignty of the state, its territorial integrity and sustainable socio-economic development, etc. With the introduction of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine after the full-scale armed invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of an independent and sovereign state, the issue of ensuring national security requires special approaches to the system of its implementation, taking into account the analysis of such new challenges.
Goal. It consists in the analysis of the current state of peculiarities of the national security system of Ukraine on the eve and during the introduction of the legal regime of martial law in the country.
Method (methodology). In the course of the research, the following methods were used: dialectical, generalization, comparison, system analysis, etc.
The results. It was analyzed that the legal field in the national security system before the full-scale armed invasion of the aggressor country on the territory of Ukraine was sufficient and contained a number of normative and legislative acts taking into account the real threats to the independence of Ukraine, its sovereignty and democracy, but the insufficient efficiency of the state bodies made it difficult to develop and implementation of an effective policy. It was revealed that the state management of the national security system, in addition to other main aspects, focused on the presence of a growing shortage of financial resources, which made it difficult to allocate funds to ensure the production and purchase of modern weapons and military equipment in the necessary volumes. The need for rapid response of state-legislative institutions was established both in the legal (sub-legal normative legal acts, amendments to current laws) and in the socio-economic field (application of administrative and legal support tools). It is proposed to draw the attention of state institutions that ensure the national security of the state to the humanitarian aspect of national security in terms of the religious component, which requires immediate legislative regulation.
АНАЛІЗ УМОВ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ФАКТОРУ СТВОРЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors:   ДВНЗ «Придніпровська державна академія будівництва та архітектури», Кононова О.Є. , Шпатакова О.Л. ,   ДВНЗ «Придніпровська державна академія будівництва та архітектури»
Published: February 2023

В дослідженні представлено особливості та перспективи формування шляхів оптимізації енергоефективності економіки України внаслідок підвищення ефективності використання умов міжнародної конкуренто-спроможності. Доведено, що Україна на сучасному етапі військової агресії з боку РФ знаходиться в складній економічній та енергетичній ситуації. Встановлено, що існує проблема енергозабезпечення населення, критичної інфраструктури, бізнес-середовища. Визначено рівень сучасного стану і динаміки рівня міжнародної конкурентоспроможності України (використано позиції держави за світовим рейтингом конкурентоспроможності та світовим рейтингом цифрової конкурентоспроможності). Встановлено, що держава суттєво відстає за оцінюваними показниками конкурентоспроможності від розвинених країн світу. Доведено, що вказане, всвою чергу, обумовлює середні значення досягнення цілей сталого розвитку в цілому та за складовими енергоефективності. Сформульовано особливості та перспективи вирішення в розрізі ефективного використання умов цифрової конкурентоспроможності країни як основи забезпечення енергоефективності.
АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ЧИННИК ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ КРАЇНИ
Authors:   Львівський національний університет природокористування, Сиротюк Г.В.
Published: February 2023

Дослідженню стан інноваційно-інвестиційної діяльності аграрного сектору економіки.Проведено аналіз сучасного стан розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств на інноваційних засадах та вказано на коло певних проблем, що стримують впровадження інновацій. Систематизовано основні види інновацій, які впроваджуються у діяльність сільськогосподарських підприємств: продуктові, технологічні, організаційні та маркетингові. Доведено важливість для країни такої продуктової інновації як виробництво органічної сільськогосподарської продукції. Виявлено, що забезпечити високу технологічну ефективність виробництва можна швидше у галузі рослинництва, тоді як у тваринництві, через значну тривалість виробничого циклу, цей процес є ускладненим. Проаналізовано динаміку капітальних інвестицій та прямих іноземних інвестицій у сільське господарство України. Здійснено аналіз основних причин, які стримують розвиток інноваційно-інвестиційного забезпечення аграрного сектору. Запропоновано заходи щодо підвищення інноваційно-інвестиційної діяльності аграрного сектору економіки.
COMPARATIVE TAXONOMICAL STUDY FOR REPRODUCTIVE PART OF EIGHT SPECIES BELONG TO BRASSICACEAE FAMILY IN IRAQ
Authors: Sukeyna A. A.  , Lobab G.A.  , Hadeel R. H. Al-Newani
Published: February 2023

This study was aimed description of morphological features of fruits and seeds of eight species related to Brassicaceae family in Iraq, the study showed number of taxonomic differences as the silique was long in all studied except the species Rorippa amphibian (L.)b Besser was short, however the  fruits varied in dimensions where the species Turritis laxa L. recorded the highest average length with (160 mm) while the species  R .amphibia was record  the shortest length (5 mm), in addition the colors ranged from green to brown. This study showed that all of the species was glabrous except Arabis caucasia Willd. was lanute-woolly.  The configuration shapes were linear with except the species Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton. was elliptic and R.amphibia was ovoid, moreover, the characteristics of   seeds were investigated as taxonomical important traits like dimensions, colors, number of seeds in fruit, surface configuration and the presence of wing, the number of seeds per species as T. laxa have about 75 seeds  in one fruit with the highest rate recorded while lowest average number of seeds among species was 12 seeds in Arabis novaVill.
EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON THE ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF MG/AL LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN THE REMOVAL OF MEROPENEM ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Yaseen Rashid Hasan  , Mohammed Ali A. Shaban  , Mohammed A. Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Meropenem (MER) antibiotic is removed from an aqueous solution using Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDHs) which serves to functionalize the principal object of enquiry in this paper–sunflower husks (SFH).  The former sample demonstrated a 51% removal of MER while the latter demonstrated a 67% removal of MER. One of the areas explored was the impact of the rise calcination temperatures resulted in a concurrent increase in the surface area and porosity of LDHs which, in turn, provoked a heightened removal efficacy of MER at calcination temperatures between 300 °C and 350 °C. Nonetheless, LDHs experienced structural deformation and thus, diminished removal efficacy of MER when the calcination temperature was over 350 °C. The ideal adsorption conditions were determined via the undertaking of multiple batch studies. Adsorption process was implemented successfully with removal efficiency of 98% under optimal conditions. The adsorption of MER was found to be regulated by the chemisorption mechanism of the best suited second order kinetic model. The adsorption process seemed to be heterogeneous and on a multi-layer as suggested by the high determination coefficient with Freundlich model. Enhanced functional and structural properties were witnessed in this novel adsorbent’s adsorption capacity, thereby highlighting its proficiency as an alternative.
VARIATIONS AND EXPRESSION OF VERY LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR (VLDLR) mRNA IN THE LIVER AND OVARY OF A LOW EGG PRODUCTION STRAIN OF LOCAL IRAQI HENS
Authors: D. H. Al-Hassani  , W. M. Razuki  , H. S. Abdulwahid
Published: February 2023

This work was conducted to study the association of variations in the VLDLR gene and mRNA expression in the liver and the ovary of local Iraqi hens with some productive and blood traits. The VLDLR gene variations were studied using blood samples of 173 pedigreed hens, 47 weeks old while the expression was studied using tissue samples of the ovary and liver in 30 pedigreed hens, 60 weeks old. Genotypic and allelic frequencies, production traits, and biochemical serum blood were investigated. The results showed that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the VLDLR in 173 chickens did not agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.0307). The genotypic frequencies were 94.7 and 5.3% for both GG and GT genotypes respectively, while the allele frequency of genes G and T were 97.4 and 2.6%, respectively. The results showed an increase (P<0.0001) in egg production and egg weight for the groups of birds that follow the GG genotypes compared to those that follow the genotypes GT. High levels of VLDLR mRNA were present in the liver and the ovary of high-egg-yield layers but were absent or rare in hens with low-egg production rates. The high expression of VLDLR mRNA caused a reduction in serum triglyceride; LDL and VLDL compared with a low expression where showed increases in these traits while other traits were not affected between different levels of expression. This study suggests that the expression level of VLDLR may be a new molecular marker to screen for high egg production in low-egg production local chickens.
PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) CULTIVATION IN INTENSIVE PONDS
Authors: Mustika Palupi  , Ren Fitriadi  , Kasprijo  , Yasmin Malfa
Published: February 2023

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the phytoplankton of Chlorophyta with the highest total abundance in each pond was 18,400x103 ind/l, 14,900x103 ind/l, 16,620x103 ind/l, and 6.410x103 ind/l. The index of phytoplankton diversity at each location was 0.74, 0.73, 0.87, 0.74. Phytoplankton uniformity index at each location was 0.04, 0.04, 0.05, 0.05. Phytoplankton dominance index at each location was 0.60, 0.38, 0.56, 0.07. The abundance of phytoplankton is an obstacle to the success of vannamei shrimp aquaculture production.
EVALUATION OF THE AQUACROP MODEL PERFORMANCE AND THE IMPACT OF FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGES ON POTATO PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: A. A. A. A. Al-Lami  , S. S. Al-Rawi  , A. S. Ati
Published: February 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T1 and sprinkler T2, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I1, 4 days I2 and 6 days I3, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was designed according to the nested design with three replicates results of regional climate models and AquaCrop model. The results showed that there was an increase in the amount of annual precipitation and seasonal during the periods (2016-2035) and (2046-2065) under RCP4.5 scenario, compared to the base period (1985-2005). With an increase in the amount of annual precipitation and seasonal during the period at scenario RCP8.5 with a slight decrease during the period (2046-2065) compared to the base period. Moreover, an increase in the maximum and minimum temperatures according to scenario RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario during the period (2016-2035) and (2046-2065) compared to the base period. The expected productivity using the AquaCrop, as R2 was 0.85 and 0.81 for twelve years, under surface drip irrigation systems and sprinkler, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.95 and 0.90, the root means square error (RMSE) 2.43 and 2.19, and the efficiency coefficient 0.66 and 0.42 for the surface drip and sprinkler systems, respectively. Finally, the increase in water productivity and productivity in the scenario RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the treatment of BP and the irrigation interval I1and treatment C and the irrigation interval I3 when comparing the base period with the periods (2016-2035) and (2046-2065) For surface drip irrigation systems and sprinkler.
Backwash Effect of English Test for International Communication on College English Teaching
Authors: Gu Yinghua , Lyu Zhenhua
Published: February 2023

Any evaluation model plays a backwash effect on teaching. English Test for International Communication (ETIC) is a new evaluation method which focuses on examining students’ comprehensive English application ability and helps selecting talents. Through interviews and questionnaires, this paper studies the backwash effect of ETIC on college English teaching. The survey results indicate that ETIC has a positive backwash effect on college English teaching. Its effects are shown in the following three aspects: it helps optimize teaching content; it promotes the innovation of teaching methods; and it improves evaluation models. The results of this research can be used as reference for college English teaching reform.
Ocena skuteczności działania herbicydów i ich wpływ na plon handlowy ziemniaka
Authors: Gugała Marek , Zarzecka Krystyna , Sikorska Anna
Published: February 2023

Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2005–2007 w Rolniczej Stacji Doświadczalnej Zawady należącej do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Doświadczenie założono w układzie split-plot jako dwuczynnikowe w trzech powtórzeniach. I czynnik — dwie odmiany ziemniaka: Irga i Balbina. II czynnik — cztery sposoby pielęgnacji: 1. pielęgnacja mechaniczna — obiekt kontrolny, 2. Plateen 41,5 WG (flufenacet 24% + metrybuzyna17,5%) w dawce 2,0 kg·ha-1, 3. Racer 250 EC (flurochloridon 250g) w dawce 3,0 dm3·ha-1, 4. Sencor 70 WG (metrybuzyna 70%) w dawce 1,0 kg·ha-1. Celem badań było określenie skuteczności chwastobójczej stosowanych herbicydów ich wpływ na plon handlowy oraz przedstawienie zależności miedzy zachwaszczeniem a plonem handlowym bulw. Analizując sposoby pielęgnacji największą skuteczność zniszczenia chwastów wyrażoną w powietrznie suchej masie chwastów przed zwarciem rzędów jak i przed zbiorem bulw ziemniaka otrzymano na obiektach, gdzie zastosowano pielęgnację mechaniczną oraz herbicyd Plateen 41,5 WG oraz na obiekcie gdzie, zastosowano pielęgnacja mechaniczno-chemiczna, tj. do wschodów obredlanie połączone z bronowaniem, a tuż przed wschodami herbicyd Sencor 70 WG. Najmniejszą skutecznością w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego pielęgnowanego wyłącznie mechanicznie wykazał się herbicyd Racer 250 EC. O skuteczności chwastobójczej zabiegów pielęgnacyjnych decydowały również warunki pogodowe w poszczególnych latach badań. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że zarówno odmiany jak i sposoby pielęgnacji miały istotny wpływ na wielkość plonu handlowego bulw ziemniaka. Stwierdzono istnienie ścisłej zależności pomiędzy powietrznie suchą masą chwastów oznaczoną przed zwarciem rzędów i przed zbiorem bulw a plonem handlowym bulw ziemniaka. Z równań regresji wynika, że wzrost powietrznie suchej masy chwastów na 1 ha obniżył plon handlowy.
Aktywność celulolityczna a wirulencja Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
Authors: Pastuszewska Teresa , Gryń Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie dla puli 34 szczepów Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) właściwości celulolitycznych oraz patogeniczności w stosunku do bakłażana (Solanum melongena). We wszystkich badanych szczepach Cms potwierdzono wytwarzanie enzymu celulazy. Wraz ze wzrostem aktywności enzymu celulazy obserwowano wzrost wirulencji bakterii Cms, wyrażonej stopniem pokrycia liści bakłażana objawami chorobowymi. Korelacja liniowa między tymi cechami wyniosła R = 0,75.
Lysosomal hydrolases, from waste-bags effectors to essential multipurpose enzymes in liver fibrosis
Authors: Fernández-Fernández María , Ruiz-Blázquez Paloma , Cacho-Pujol Júlia , Moles Anna
Published: February 2023

Lysosomal hydrolases were once considered effectors of the waste disposal system of the cell, the endo-lysosomal system. However, they are now recognized as highly selective enzymes, which can modulate the function of several substrates, contributing to essential homeostatic and pathological cellular processes. There are more than 50 different lysosomal hydrolases that display optimal activity in the pH present in the acidic cellular compartment but can also be found in other cellular locations. They can work alone or in cooperation with other proteases building signaling pathways or amplification cascades. In the context of liver fibrosis lysosomal hydrolases, especially cysteine cathepsins have been described to participate in several fundamental cellular events contributing to the development, progression, perpetuation, and resolution of liver fibrosis. This paper comprehensively reviews the current knowledge on the contribution of lysosomal hydrolases to liver fibrosis.
Multi-tenancy in Cloud-native Architecture: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Olabanji Daniel , Fitch Tineke , Matthew Olumuyiwa
Published: February 2023

Cloud-native architectures has become an essential part of the cloud computing paradigm with the capacity of improved horizontal and vertical scalability, automation, usability and multi-tenancy. However, there are parts that are yet to be fully discovered like multi-tenancy. Multi-tenancy an essential part of the cloud computing, has not been fully. The purpose of this study is to survey existing research on multi-tenancy in cloud-native architecture in order to identify useful trends, opportunity, challenges and finally the needs for further researches. A systematic mapping method was used to systematically compare, classify, analyse, evaluate and appraise existing works of literature on multi-tenancy in cloud-native. We started from over 921 potentially relevant peer reviewed publications. We applied a selection procedure resulting in 64 peer reviewed publications over the last six years between 2015 to 2022 and the selected studies were classified through the characterisation framework. The review shows the emerging challenges and trending concepts in multi-tenancy within cloud native architecture, but also discusses the improvement in multi-tenancy while considering cloud native architecture in the recent years.
THE CONCEPT OF TERMINOLOGY IN TERMINOLOGY
Authors:   Doctoral student, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Berdibekova Hulkar M. , A. Artikova Dilnoza ,   Lecturer, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2023

In this article we will talk about the study of terminology, which is one of the important issues of today's linguistics – the terminology, The views on its definitions. Currently, terminology serves as a means of developing scientific and technical processes.
Diagnosis using artificial intelligence based on the endocytoscopic observation of the gastrointestinal tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, WANG MIN , Chen Sheng , Zhong Changqing , Zhang Tao , Xu Yongxing , Guo Hongyuan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Shuai , Chen Yan , Li Lianyong
Published: February 2023

Review question / Objective: With the development of endoscopic techniques, several diagnostic endoscopy methods are available for the diagnosis of malignant lesions, including magnified pigmented endoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI).The main goal of endoscopy is to achieve the real-time diagnostic evaluation of the tissue, allowing an accurate assessment comparable to histopathological diagnosis based on structural and cellular heterogeneity to significantly improve the diagnostic rate for cancerous tissues. Endocytoscopy (ECS) is based on ultrahigh magnification endoscopy and has been applied to endoscopy to achieve microscopic observation of gastrointestinal (GI) cells through tissue staining, thus allowing the differentiation of cancerous and noncancerous tissues in real time.To date, ECS observation has been applied to the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal tumours and has shown high sensitivity and specificity.Despite the highly accurate diagnostic capability of this method, the interpretation of the results is highly dependent on the operator's skill level, and it is difficult to train all endoscopists to master all methods quickly. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic systems have been widely recognized for their high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of GI tumours under general endoscopy. Few studies have explored on ECS for endoscopic tumour identification, and even fewer have explored ECS-based AI in the endoscopic identification of GI tumours, all of which have reached different conclusions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the value of ECS-based AI in detecting GI tumour to provide evidence for its clinical application.