bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reply to Comment on: Álvaro J.J., Esteve, J. & Zamora, S. 2019. Morphological assessment of the earliest paradoxidid trilobites (Cambrian Series 3) from Morocco and Spain [Geological Magazine] by Geyer G, Nowicki J, Żylińska A & Landing E
Authors: Álvaro J Javier , Esteve Jorge
Published: April 2020

Two research teams have different opinions regarding the number of paradoxidine species close to the base of the Miaolingian in Morocco and Spain. Geyer & Vincent (2015) recognized five species based on a mosaic of overlapping characters that include some relative length and width ratios, qualitative descriptions of cranidial and pygidial outlines, and relief observations. In contrast, Álvaroet al. (2018) conducted a morphometric analysis of all these specimens from theCambropallas telestoacme level of the Assemame quarry and concluded that the Moroccan material had been taxonomically over-split and was represented by only two species,Acadoparadoxides mureroensisandA. nobilis. Subsequently, Geyeret al. (2019) commented that we had not analysed some diagnostic characters, and applied the stratigraphic setting of their morphospecies as a diagnostic character for taxonomic identification. After sampling theCambropallas telestoacme level in the Taroucht quarry, where the other team purchased its collection, and re-analysing the diagnostic characters claimed by Geyeret al. (2019), our conclusions are maintained: (i) morphometric values of several paratype specimens fall outside the purported ranges of diagnostic characters; (ii) all 2D morphometric analyses incorporating the diagnostic characters of the morphospecies are unable to detect interspecific differences, except forA. nobilis; and (iii) the slight concavity displayed by some pygidia, strongly controlled by preservation, is in need of 3D biometrical analysis. Hence, our proposed synonymy should be maintained until 3D statistical analyses are available on material preserved in carbonate or concretions.
“The guild […] manufactures nothing, nor produces any artifact”: Barcelona's Seven Maritime Cargo Handling Guilds, c.1760–1840
Authors: von Briesen Brendan J.
Published: April 2020

By studying the guilds of the seven maritime cargo handling trades of Barcelona, this paper aims to contribute to the relatively limited, but growing scholarship of port labour during the late artisan phase, and of service-sector guilds in general. It examines the relationship between occupational and organizational cultures, the types and means of inculcating human and social capital, and the formal and informal determination of qualification in view of the different guild responses to liberalization and abolition. Unlike guilds in the secondary sector, these corporations were organized horizontally among masters and had neither journeymen, nor apprentices in their respective trades. Some of them provided services individually while others worked collectively. They generally prohibited internal and external employment schemes, and many of them used a turn system or another to level work opportunities. One of these guilds transitioned directly into a trade union; others became owner associations or dissolved into unorganized competitors. The period studied covers the flexibilization of the labour market through progressively advancing liberal reforms of monopolistic guild privileges and the formal abolition of Spanish guilds in 1836. Comparisons with other European ports further highlight the multiplicity of considerations for understanding occupational and organizational cultures and the trajectories of guilds in the service sector.
Management of epistaxis in patients on novel oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Ho J P K , Bari N , Riffat F
Published: April 2020

Background

Individuals on anticoagulation therapy are at increased risk of bleeding, including epistaxis. There is a lack of available reversal agents for novel oral anticoagulation therapy.

Objective

This paper reviews the current literature on epistaxis in the context of novel oral anticoagulation use, in order to recommend guidelines on management.

Method

A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted to identify all relevant articles published up to April 2019.

Results

Patients on oral anticoagulation therapy are over-represented in individuals with epistaxis. Those on novel oral anticoagulation therapy were more likely to relapse compared to patients on classic oral anticoagulants or non-anticoagulated patients. Idarucizumab is an effective antidote for bleeding associated with dabigatran use. Recommendations for epistaxis management in patients on novel oral anticoagulation therapy are outlined.

Conclusion

Clinicians need to be aware of the potential severity of epistaxis and the increased likelihood of recurrence. High-quality studies are required to determine the efficacy and safety of andexanet alfa and ciraparantag, as well as non-specific reversal agents.
On the semantics of classifier reduplication in Cantonese
Authors: LEE PEPPINA PO-LUN
Published: April 2020

This paper studies prenominal reduplicative classifier in Cantonese, which has been argued to be a distributive quantifier on a par with Englishevery/eachand Mandarinmei‘every’, and a plural classifier giving the ‘many’ reading. The analysis I propose draws heavily on ideas introduced in the cover theory proposed by Schwarzschild (1996) and Brisson (1998, 2003), and ideas introduced by Partee (2004) and others on quantifying determinermany. I argue that prenominal reduplicative classifier is a quantifying determiner which is ambiguous between a quantifier type and a modifier type. When it occurs with the distributive quantifierdou1‘all’, it serves as a modifier, regulating the domain ofdou1-quantification by imposing a maximizing effect on the nominal it modifies (see e.g. Link 1983; Gillon 1987; Schwarzschild 1996; Brisson 1998, 2003). Without the presence of a distributive quantifier, prenominal reduplicative classifier serves either as a modifier or as a quantifier, giving its NP a weak cardinal reading or a strong proportional reading, respectively. The proposed analysis implies that domain restriction in Chinese is overtly realized in grammatical form by means of the reduplicative classifier (when combined with a distributive quantifier) and that Chinese may have determiners, which is at least true in Cantonese.
IgM+ memory B cells induced in response to Plasmodium berghei adopt a germinal centre B cell phenotype during secondary infection
Authors: Pietrzak Halina M. , Ioannidis Lisa J. , Hansen Diana S.
Published: April 2020

Emerging evidence started to delineate multiple layers of memory B cells, with distinct effector functions during recall responses. Whereas most studies examining long-lived memory B cell responses have focussed on the IgG+ memory B cell compartment, IgM+ memory B cells have only recently started to receive attention. It has been proposed that unlike IgG+ memory B cells, which differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon antigen re-encounter, IgM+ memory B cells might have the additional capacity to establish secondary germinal centre (GC) responses. The precise function of IgM+ memory B cells in the humoral immune response to malaria has not been fully defined. Using a murine model of severe malaria infection and adoptive transfer strategies we found that IgM+ memory B cells induced in responses to P. berghei ANKA readily proliferate upon re-infection and adopt a GC B cell-like phenotype. The results suggest that that IgM+ memory B cells might play an important role in populating secondary GCs after re-infection with Plasmodium, thereby initiating the induction of B cell clones with enhanced affinity for antigen, at faster rates than naive B cells.
Motherhood, morality and materiality: how material changes to wartime Cape Town affected discourses around women, racial health and the city, 1914–1919
Authors: Walton Sarah-Jane
Published: April 2020

This article explores ways in which material changes engendered by World War I influenced ideas about Cape Town and its people. For the city's middle classes, these conditions – including a rise in the cost of living, increased urbanization, the growth of factory work for women and the notable presence of soldiers in the city – heightened the sense that Cape Town was a place of increased moral corruption. In particular, females were portrayed as pivotal to the upholding of the moral and racial integrity of the city, nation and empire. Yet the perceived race and class of different Capetonian women influenced the expectations (and accordant condemnations) of their behaviour. This linked to white middle-class anxieties about miscegenation and urban order. As such, discourses around female behaviour during the war represented a nexus between issues of health, race and morality within the South African urban context.
Music, Architecture, Proportion and the Renaissance Way of Thinking
Authors: Zara Vasco
Published: April 2020

During the Renaissance, the language of proportion became a unified theory capable of encompassing the understanding of the world within a coherent theological, philosophical and artistic framework. Music, with its harmonic paradigm, plays a key role in this construction. From the fifteenth century through to the end of the sixteenth century, architects and architectural theorists made reference, both in new treatises and commentaries to Vitruvius, to musical matters, transforming architecture into thesummaof knowledge. The affinity to music was grounded on both a common mathematical and rhetoric gnosiology. Formerly conceived of as ideal, numbers became eloquent, reinforcing the quantitative paradigm of proportion with its qualitative one. The language of proportion as a compositional tool reveals the shift between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: while the Medievaltèchnebased on modular thinking providesbeautyanduniversal truthusing the technique of repetition, the Humanist paradigm of variety producespleasureandindividual truth– a condition typical of the premodern.
REBT with context of basic psychological needs: RESD-A Scale
Authors: Artiran Murat , Simsek Omer Faruk , Turner Martin
Published: April 2020

Background:

Accurate psychometrics benefit from assessing given constructs within specifically defined contexts. The assessment of context-specific irrational beliefs as put forth in rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT), under the three basic psychological needs described in self-determination theory (SDT), represents a new path for research. Under the umbrella of ‘positive psychology’, a new scale for adolescents combining REBT and SDT is the first step towards conceptualizing irrational beliefs within the three basic psychological needs. The integration of REBT and SDT would provide a more fully integrated view of adolescent mental health, and as such could provide a more cost-effective approach for preventing cognitive, emotive and behavioural disturbances in young people.

Aims:

The main aim of this paper is to outline the development and validation of the Rational Emotive Self Determination Scale for Adolescents (RESD-A), which measures irrational beliefs about the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness).

Method:

To achieve this main study aim, we report the results of four studies that test the factor structure, internal consistency, construct, predictive validity, and test–re-test reliability of the 51-item RESD-A, within samples of Turkish adolescents.

Results:

Data analyses confirmed the theoretical expectations and yielded promising results for the validity and reliability of the RESD-A.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that assessment of irrational beliefs in the context of autonomy, competence and relatedness is possible and valuable for the treatment of adolescents.
Where are Solar storm-induced whale strandings more likely to occur?
Authors: Vanselow Klaus Heinrich
Published: April 2020

Whale strandings occur in many places worldwide and numerous possible explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed, including the effects of astronomical events such as Solar eruptions on the Earth's magnetic field. Whales use the geomagnetic field for navigation, and its distortion can therefore result in whale strandings in certain regions. However, Solar storms do not have the same impact on the geomagnetic field across the whole of the Earth's surface, and positions nearer to the equator are less exposed to this phenomenon. It is therefore plausible that Solar storms can explain whale strandings at high latitude at least, but not necessarily worldwide. This review considers strandings in relation to the geographical and geomagnetic properties of locations at higher latitudes and to changes in the magnetic field over recent centuries. It also focuses on a Solar storm in December 2015. These considerations suggest that navigation errors due to Solar storms are more likely to occur at higher latitudes, particularly in sea areas where the animals might subsequently swim into a geographic trap and become stranded. For sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), the southern Norwegian Sea in conjunction with the shallow North Sea represents such an area.
One pathway to cognitive behaviour therapy integration: introducing assimilative integrative rational emotive behaviour therapy
Authors: Al-Roubaiy Najwan Saaed
Published: April 2020

In this paper, rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) is presented as the most comprehensive cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to date, with over-arching influence on most of the other therapies that came after it. However, despite REBT’s comprehensiveness and the limitations inherent in other CBT approaches, REBT has its limitations. Limitations in REBT theory are explored and an argument is made in favour of rectifying these limitations by incorporating other approaches into REBT (namely cognitive therapy and compassion-focused therapy) to create a more complete integrative psychotherapy model. It is then argued that psychotherapy integration is the future of CBT mainly due to the fact that it reflects how most therapists practise, and due to its utilization of the common factors theory. Finally, the integrative model – which I callAssimilative Integrative Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy– is presented and demonstrated using a clinical case example.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the limitations of cognitive therapy and third-wave CBT approaches.

(2)

To appreciate the comprehensiveness and over-arching influence of REBT.

(3)

To understand the limitations of REBT despite its comprehensiveness.

(4)

To consider rectifying the limitations in REBT by incorporating other models into it.

(5)

To appreciate the complementary nature of CFT when integrated into other models.

(6)

To understand the value and relevance of psychotherapy integration.

(7)

To consider AI-REBT as one possible pathway to psychotherapy integration in CBT.
Author response: cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pathirana Maleesa M. , Lassi Zohra S. , Roberts Claire T. , Andraweera Prabha H.
Published: April 2020

This commentary is an author response to Lu and Wang, regarding the manuscript entitled ‘Cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero: Systematic review and meta-analysis’. We address their concern regarding duplication of studies in the meta-analysis and the quality of included studies.
Infant microbiota in colic: predictive associations with problem crying and subsequent child behavior
Authors: Loughman Amy , Quinn Thomas , Nation Monica L. , Reichelt Amy , Moore Robert J. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Sung Valerie , Tang Mimi L. K.
Published: April 2020

Infant colic is a condition of unknown cause which can result in carer distress and attachment difficulties. Recent studies have implicated the gut microbiota in infant colic, and certain probiotics have demonstrated possible efficacy. We aim to investigate whether the intestinal microbiota composition in infants with colic is associated with cry/fuss time at baseline, persistence of cry/fuss at 4-week follow-up, or child behavior at 2 years of age. Fecal samples from infants with colic (n = 118, 53% male) were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. After examining the alpha and beta diversity of the clinical samples, we performed a differential abundance analysis of the 16S data to look for taxa that associate with baseline and future behavior, while adjusting for potential confounding variables. In addition, we used random forest classifiers to evaluate how well baseline gut microbiota can predict future crying time. Alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota was strongly influenced by birth mode, feed type, and child gender, but did not significantly associate with crying or behavioral outcomes. Several taxa within the microbiota (includingBifidobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Klebsiella) associate with colic severity, and the baseline microbiota composition can predict further crying at 4 weeks with up to 65% accuracy. The combination of machine learning findings with associative relationships demonstrates the potential prognostic utility of the infant fecal microbiota in predicting subsequent infant crying problems.
Tolerance of grain sorghum to PRE- and POST-applied photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Richburg Jacob , Barber Tom , Roberts Trenton L. , Gbur Edward
Published: April 2020

Atrazine offers growers a reliable option to control a broad spectrum of weeds in grain sorghum production systems when applied PRE or POST. However, because of the extensive use of atrazine in grain sorghum and corn, it has been found in groundwater in the United States. Given this issue, field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville and Marianna, Arkansas, to explore the tolerance of grain sorghum to applications of assorted photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides in combination with S-metolachlor (PRE and POST) or mesotrione (POST only) as atrazine replacements. All experiments were designed as a factorial, randomized complete block; the two factors were (1) PSII herbicide and (2) the herbicide added to create the mixture. The PSII herbicides were prometryn, ametryn, simazine, fluometuron, metribuzin, linuron, diuron, atrazine, and propazine. The second factor consisted of either no additional herbicide, S-metolachlor, or mesotrione; however, mesotrione was excluded in the PRE experiments. Crop injury estimates, height, and yield data were collected or calculated in both studies. In the PRE study, injury was less than 10% for all treatments except those containing simazine, which caused 11% injury 28 d after application (DAA). Averaged over PSII herbicide, S-metolachlor–containing treatments caused 7% injury at 14 and 28 DAA. Grain sorghum in atrazine-containing treatments yielded 97% of the nontreated. Grain sorghum receiving other herbicide treatments had significant yield loss due to crop injury, compared with atrazine-containing treatments. In the POST study, ametryn- and prometryn-containing treatments were more injurious than all other treatments 14 DAA. Grain sorghum yield in all POST treatments was comparable to atrazine, except prometryn plus mesotrione, which was 65% of the nontreated. More herbicides should be evaluated to find a comparable fit to atrazine when applied PRE in grain sorghum. However, when applied POST, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, metribuzin, propazine, and simazine have some potential to replace atrazine in terms of crop tolerance and should be further tested as part of a weed control program across a greater range of environments.
Cross-species transferability of Solanum spp. DNA markers and their application in assessing genetic variation in silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) populations from Texas, USA
Authors: Singleton Joshua James , Mangat Puneet Kaur , Shim Junghyun , Vavra Cody , Coldren Cade , Angeles-Shim Rosalyn B.
Published: April 2020

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is an invasive species that has successfully spread outside its native range to become a noxious weed in 21 states in the United States and 42 countries worldwide. The successful establishment of S. elaeagnifolium outside its native habitat indicates its innate ability to adapt to a multitude of environments. Phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation have been identified as key mechanisms underlying the adaptive success of invasive species. Whereas phenotypic plasticity allows a species to buffer changes in the environment by altering its phenotypic attributes within the short term, genetic adaptation is responsible for the longer-term adaptability of plants to heterogeneous environments and is dependent on the amount of genetic variation present in the species. In this study, we screened DNA markers that are specific to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal for their interspecific transferability to S. elaeagnifolium and determined the applicability of the transferable DNA markers in assessing the extent of genetic variation in populations from Lubbock, Littlefield, and Blackwell, TX. Of the 187 markers screened, 78 successfully amplified targets in S. elaeagnifolium, indicating the evolutionary conservation of marker loci across S. lycopersicum, S. lycopersicoides, and S. elaeagnifolium, despite their genetic divergence millions of years ago. Genotyping of S. elaeagnifolium populations using 50 DNA markers that consistently amplified clear bands in more than 60% of the plants identified nine polymorphic markers with 0.014 to 0.621 polymorphism information content. Genetic diversity analysis by DNA marker profiling established genetic variation among populations and within individuals of different populations. Unweighted paired group method with arithmetic mean analysis grouped the plants into six clusters that are generally defined by selection pressures unique to each collection site. Results of the study indicate the capacity of S. elaeagnifolium for genetic differentiation in response to variable selection pressures within the same geographic region.
Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference in simulated sweetpotato plant beds
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Barickman T. Casey , Main Jeffrey L. , Horgan Thomas
Published: April 2020

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2016 at Pontotoc and Verona, MS. On March 3 (Pontotoc) and March 7 (Verona), landscape fabric was placed in the bottom of polyethylene lugs, each 0.22 m2, then approximately 5 cm of a 1:1 (v/v) blend of soilless potting media and masonry sand was added. ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas(L). Lam.] storage roots weighing between 85 and 227 g, and several with emerging sprouts ≤1 cm, were placed longitudinally in a single layer on the substrate, then covered with an additional 3 cm of the substrate. Sprouted yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) tubers were transplanted equidistantly into sweetpotato-containing lugs at six densities: 0, 18, 36, 73, 109, and 145 m−2. Trials were terminated 55 and 60 d after planting at Pontotoc and Verona, respectively. Predicted total sweetpotato stem cuttings (slips) decreased linearly from 399 to 312 m−2asC. esculentusdensity increased from 0 to 145 m−2. Predicted total slip dry weight at aC. esculentusdensity of 145 m−2was reduced 21% compared with 0 m−2. Predicted rotten sweetpotato storage roots increased from 2.6 to 11.3 m−2asC. esculentusdensity increased from 0 to 145 m−2. In response to increasingC. esculentusdensity, sweetpotato seed roots exhibited increased proximal-end dominance.
Regional Structural Orientation of the Mount Sharp Group Revealed by In Situ Dip Measurements and Stratigraphic Correlations on the Vera Rubin Ridge
Authors: Stein Nathaniel T. , Quinn Daven P. , Grotzinger John P. , Fedo Christopher , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Stack Kathryn M. , Edgar Lauren A. , Fraeman Abigail A. , Deen Robert
Published: April 2020

Ground‐based bedding orientation measurements are critical to determine the geologic history and processes of sedimentation in Gale crater, Mars. We constrain the dip of lacustrine strata of the Blunts Point, Pettegrove Point, and Jura members of the Murray formation using a combination of regional stratigraphic correlations and bed attitude measurements from stereo Mastcam images taken by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. In situ bed attitude measurements using a principal component analysis‐based regression method reveal a wide range of dips and dip azimuths owing to a combination of high stereo errors, postdepositional deformation of strata (e.g., fracturing, rotation, and impact cratering), and different primary depositional dips. These constrain regional dips to be within several degrees of horizontal on average. Stratigraphic correlations between targets observed in the Glen Torridon trough and at the Pettegrove Point‐Jura member contact of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) constrain dips to be between 3°SE and 2°NW, consistent with nearly flat strata deposited horizontally on an equipotential surface. The Jura member is determined to be stratigraphically equivalent to the northern portion of the Glen Torridon trough. Rover‐based dip magnitudes are generally significantly shallower than the orientation of VRR member contacts measured from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment‐based traces, suggesting the sedimentary strata and VRR member contacts may be discordant.
Best Practices in Global Mental Health: An Exploratory Study of Recommendations for Psychologists
Authors: Hook Kimberly , Vera Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Recommendations for best practice are useful in guiding the ethical and effective practice of psychology. Global mental health, which works to improve mental health treatment and access on a worldwide scale, is a growing field with many opportunities for psychologists, though such best practice recommendations have not been articulated. Using a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study recruited and interviewed psychologists identified as leaders in the field. Findings included broad categories of recommendations related to overarching variables (consideration of cultural/contextual variables and collaboration), program-level characteristics (sustainability, formative and summative evaluation, flexibility, attention to systems, multidisciplinary teams, clinical knowledge and perspective, and attention to spectrum of mental health), and individual-level characteristics (perseverance, ongoing mentorship/supervision, self-awareness, and boundary setting). Future directions include recommendations to recreate this study with a more geographically diverse sample, as well as with community members and service users of global mental health projects. Increased attention to individual-level competencies that impact global mental health projects is warranted. Implications for training are also considered.
Foreigners’ Attitudes Toward Individuals Who Sell Sex in Thailand: A Prototype Study
Authors: Stenersen Madeline R. , Ovrebo Elin , Adams Kimberly L. , Hayes Lauren R.
Published: April 2020

The role of sex trade in Thailand’s tourism and expatriate industry has been a common topic in professional literature and popular media for many years. With the rise of the global economy and the increasing foreigner population in Thailand, there is little doubt that foreign influence on Thailand has grown. However, little research has examined foreigners’ views and attitudes toward individuals who sell sex (ISS) in Thailand. The present study explored these attitudes using a prototype methodology. Participants were asked to supply characteristics and/or terms pertinent to their perception of an individual who sells sex in Thailand and to designate those terms as either positive, negative, or neutral. A total of 390 responses were collected from 81 participants and include two core ( determined, in need), two secondary ( people oriented, an irritation), and two tertiary ( exploited, distraught) prototype characteristics. Four of these characteristics were designated by participants as negative ( in need, an irritation, exploited, distraught), and two were designated as positive ( determined, people oriented) by participants. Differences between the foreigners who had purchased sex (customers; n = 38) and those who had not (noncustomers; n = 43) were also explored. Results of this study exemplify the complex views held toward ISS among foreigners and can be used to inform how foreigners may impact sex trade and treatment of ISS in Thailand, as well as future research and interventions to improve the lives and safety of ISS in the country.
Communicable Diseases as Occupational Hazards for Agricultural Workers: Using Experience Sampling Methods for Promoting Public Health
Authors: Saxena Mahima , Burke Margaret M.
Published: April 2020

Vector-borne communicable diseases cause more than 700,000 deaths annually ( World Health Organization, 2019 ). Despite various efforts, there has been no change in mortality rates due to communicable diseases worldwide ( World Health Organization, 2019 ). Most communicable diseases have no cure and can attain epidemic status quickly. Therefore, prevention is critical in reducing disease transmission. Communicable disease transmission as an occupational health hazard is often ignored in work psychology research and public health policy. Using experience sampling methods, Saxena (2015) found that work and nonwork behaviors associated with rice farming in South Asia increase exposure to Japanese encephalitis. Owing to the extreme urgency in reducing the spread of communicable disease, this policy brief uses Saxena’s (2015) findings to provide intervention recommendations for communicable disease control in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 3, 8, and 17. Overall, the brief creates a call to action for health organizations to consider work-related occupational hazards in policies for disease control, and for labor and work and organizational bodies to expand research and practice to incorporate public health phenomenon in psychological research.
The cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 innate immunity pathway maintains chromosomal stability through regulation of p21 levels
Authors: Basit Abdul , Cho Min-Guk , Kim Eui-Yun , Kwon Dohyeong , Kang Suk-Jo , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: April 2020

Chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells has been reported to activate the cGAS–STING innate immunity pathway via micronuclei formation, thus affecting tumor immunity and tumor progression. However, adverse effects of the cGAS/STING pathway as they relate to CIN have not yet been investigated. We addressed this issue using knockdown and add-back approaches to analyze each component of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway, and we monitored the extent of CIN by measuring micronuclei formation after release from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest. Interestingly, knockdown of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) along with induction of mitotic arrest in HeLa and U2OS cancer cells clearly resulted in increased micronuclei formation and chromosome missegregation. Knockdown of STING (stimulator of interferon genes), TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase-1), or IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) also resulted in increased micronuclei formation. Moreover, transfection with cGAMP, the product of cGAS enzymatic activity, as well as add-back of cGAS WT (but not catalytic-dead mutant cGAS), or WT or constitutively active STING (but not an inactive STING mutant) rescued the micronuclei phenotype, demonstrating that all components of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway play a role in preventing CIN. Moreover, p21 levels were decreased in cGAS-, STING-, TBK1-, and IRF3-knockdown cells, which was accompanied by the precocious G2/M transition of cells and the enhanced micronuclei phenotype. Overexpression of p21 or inhibition of CDK1 in cGAS-depleted cells reduced micronuclei formation and abrogated the precocious G2/M transition, indicating that the decrease in p21 and the subsequent precocious G2/M transition is the main mechanism underlying the induction of CIN through disruption of cGAS/STING signaling.
New fluid biomarkers tracking non-amyloid-β and non-tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Park Sun Ah , Han Song Mi , Kim Chae Eun
Published: April 2020

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers based on the core pathological proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein, are widely regarded as useful diagnostic biomarkers. However, a lack of biomarkers for monitoring the treatment response and indexing clinical severity has proven to be problematic in drug trials targeting Aβ. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to track non-Aβ and non-tau pathology. Many proteins involved in the pathophysiological progression of AD have shown promise as new biomarkers. Neurodegeneration- and synapse-related biomarkers in CSF (e.g., neurofilament light polypeptide [NFL], neurogranin, and visinin-like protein 1) and blood (e.g., NFL) aid prediction of AD progress, as well as early diagnosis. Neuroinflammation, lipid dysmetabolism, and impaired protein clearance are considered important components of AD pathophysiology. Inflammation-related proteins in the CSF, such as progranulin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), are useful for the early detection of AD and can represent clinical severity. Several lipid metabolism-associated biomarkers and protein clearance-linked markers have also been suggested as candidate AD biomarkers. Combinations of subsets of new biomarkers enhance their utility in terms of broadly characterizing AD-associated pathological changes, thereby facilitating precise selection of susceptible patients and comprehensive monitoring of the treatment response. This approach could facilitate the development of effective treatments for AD.
Performing optical logic operations by a diffractive neural network
Authors: Qian Chao , Lin Xiao , Lin Xiaobin , Xu Jian , Sun Yang , Li Erping , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng
Published: April 2020

Optical logic operations lie at the heart of optical computing, and they enable many applications such as ultrahigh-speed information processing. However, the reported optical logic gates rely heavily on the precise control of input light signals, including their phase difference, polarization, and intensity and the size of the incident beams. Due to the complexity and difficulty in these precise controls, the two output optical logic states may suffer from an inherent instability and a low contrast ratio of intensity. Moreover, the miniaturization of optical logic gates becomes difficult if the extra bulky apparatus for these controls is considered. As such, it is desirable to get rid of these complicated controls and to achieve full logic functionality in a compact photonic system. Such a goal remains challenging. Here, we introduce a simple yet universal design strategy, capable of using plane waves as the incident signal, to perform optical logic operations via a diffractive neural network. Physically, the incident plane wave is first spatially encoded by a specific logic operation at the input layer and further decoded through the hidden layers, namely, a compound Huygens’ metasurface. That is, the judiciously designed metasurface scatters the encoded light into one of two small designated areas at the output layer, which provides the information of output logic states. Importantly, after training of the diffractive neural network, all seven basic types of optical logic operations can be realized by the same metasurface. As a conceptual illustration, three logic operations (NOT, OR, and AND) are experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies.
Measurement and microscopic description of odd–even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes
Authors: de Groote R. P. , Billowes J. , Binnersley C. L. , Bissell M. L. , Cocolios T. E. , Day Goodacre T. , Farooq-Smith G. J. , Fedorov D. V. , Flanagan K. T. , Franchoo S. , Garcia Ruiz R. F. , Gins W. , Holt J. D. , Koszorús Á. , Lynch K. M. , Miyagi T. , Nazarewicz W. , Neyens G. , Reinhard P.-G. , Rothe S. , Stroke H. H. , Vernon A. R. , Wendt K. D. A. , Wilkins S. G. , Xu Z. Y. , Yang X. F.
Published: April 2020

Nuclear charge radii globally scale with atomic mass number A as A1∕3, and isotopes with an odd number of neutrons are usually slightly smaller in size than their even-neutron neighbours. This odd–even staggering, ubiquitous throughout the nuclear landscape1, varies with the number of protons and neutrons, and poses a substantial challenge for nuclear theory2–4. Here, we report measurements of the charge radii of short-lived copper isotopes up to the very exotic 78Cu (with proton number Z = 29 and neutron number N = 49), produced at only 20 ions s–1, using the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line Device facility (ISOLDE) at CERN. We observe an unexpected reduction in the odd–even staggering for isotopes approaching the N = 50 shell gap. To describe the data, we applied models based on nuclear density functional theory5,6 and A-body valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group theory7,8. Through these comparisons, we demonstrate a relation between the global behaviour of charge radii and the saturation density of nuclear matter, and show that the local charge radii variations, which reflect the many-body polarization effects, naturally emerge from A-body calculations fitted to properties of A ≤ 4 nuclei.
Effects of compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides, on memory and cognitive dysfunction in db/db mice involve the inhibition of ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Li Chu-Wen , Deng Min-Zhen , Gao Zhi-Jie , Dang Yuan-Ye , Zheng Guo-Dong , Yang Xiu-Juan , Chao Ying-Xin , Cai Ye-Feng , Wu Xiao-Li
Published: April 2020

The metabolite of ginsenosides, compound K improves memory and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus mice.
Photocatalyst-free visible light promoted E → Z isomerization of alkenes
Authors: Xu Jianbin , Liu Na , Lv Haiping , He Chixian , Liu Zining , Shen Xianfu , Cheng Feixiang , Fan Baomin
Published: April 2020

A photocatalyst-free, simple and green method of visible light driven photocatalytic E to Z isomerization of alkenes has been developed.
Synthesis of lignin-functionalized phenolic nanosphere supported Ag nanoparticles with excellent dispersion stability and catalytic performance
Authors: Chen Shilin , Wang Guanhua , Sui Wenjie , Parvez Ashak Mahmud , Si Chuanling
Published: April 2020

This work presents a novel and green lignin-based nanocomposite and highlights the synergism of lignin's multiple functions (surfactant, sacrificial template, and reducing agent) in the material preparation process.
Copper(i) halide and palladium(ii) chloride complexes of 4-thioxo[1,3,5]oxadiazocines: synthesis, structure and antibacterial activity
Authors: Kuzovlev Andrey S. , Volkova Daria A. , Parfenova Irina V. , Kulakov Ivan V. , Shkirdova Alena O. , Zamilatskov Ilya A. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Rybakov Victor B. , Tyurin Vladimir S. , Fefilov Nikolay N. , Vasilchenko Alexey S.
Published: April 2020

The first copper(i) and palladium(ii) complexes containing monastrol analogs, 4-thioxo[1,3,5]oxadiazocine derivatives, have been synthesized. The complexes demonstrated significant antibacterial activity in contrast to free heterocyclic thiones.
BOPAHY: a doubly chelated highly fluorescent pyrrole–acyl hydrazone –BF2 chromophore
Authors: Pookkandam Parambil Shandev , de Jong Flip , Veys Koen , Huang Jianjun , Veettil Santhini Pulikkal , Verhaeghe Davy , Van Meervelt Luc , Escudero Daniel , Van der Auweraer Mark , Dehaen Wim
Published: April 2020

New easily functionalisable and highly fluorescent BOPAHY chromophores are synthesised via one pot two step reaction starting from commercially available pyrrole-2-carbaldehydes and respective acyl hydrazides in the presence of BF3·OEt2.
Consecutive borylcupration/C–C coupling of γ-alkenyl aldehydes towards diastereoselective 2-(borylmethyl)cycloalkanols
Authors: Maza Ricardo J. , Royes Jordi , Carbó Jorge J. , Fernández Elena
Published: April 2020

Copper(i) catalyzes the borylative cyclization of γ-alkenyl aldehydes through chemo- and regioselective addition of Cu–B to CC and concomitant intramolecular 1,2-addition of Cu–C on CO.
Synthesis of polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes by γ-nitrogen insertion of azides into activated B–B single bonds
Authors: Prieschl Dominic , Arrowsmith Merle , Dietz Maximilian , Rempel Anna , Müller Marcel , Braunschweig Holger
Published: April 2020

The γ-nitrogen insertion of arylazides into the B–B bond of electron-rich cyclic μ-hydridodiboranes yields unsymmetrical polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes, which may undergo further NHC ring expansion/fusion and thermally induced loss of N2.
CH2OO Criegee intermediate UV absorption cross-sections and kinetics of CH2OO + CH2OO and CH2OO + I as a function of pressure
Authors: Mir Zara S. , Lewis Thomas R. , Onel Lavinia , Blitz Mark A. , Seakins Paul W. , Stone Daniel
Published: April 2020

The UV absorption cross-sections of the Criegee intermediate CH2OO, and kinetics of the CH2OO self-reaction and the reaction of CH2OO with I are reported as a function of pressure at 298 K.
Deactivation and regeneration of carbon supported Pt and Ru catalysts in aqueous phase hydrogenation of 2-pentanone
Authors: Huo Jiajie , Pham Hien N. , Cheng Yan , Lin Hsi-Hsin , Roling Luke T. , Datye Abhaya K. , Shanks Brent H.
Published: April 2020

Aqueous phase conversion of biomass-derived molecules requires development of catalysts and operating strategies that create viable operation for extended performance as necessitated for industrial applications.
Oxidation of lignocellulosic platform molecules to value-added chemicals using heterogeneous catalytic technologies
Authors: Arias Pedro L. , Cecilia Juan A. , Gandarias Iñaki , Iglesias José , López Granados Manuel , Mariscal Rafael , Morales Gabriel , Moreno-Tost Ramón , Maireles-Torres Pedro
Published: April 2020

This minireview gives an overview about heterogeneous catalytic technologies for the oxidation of key platform molecules (glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural and levulinic acid) into valuable chemicals.
Enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction through modulating electronic structure of self-supported NiFe LDH
Authors: Li Xiao-Peng , Han Wen-Kai , Xiao Kang , Ouyang Ting , Li Nan , Peng Feng , Liu Zhao-Qing
Published: April 2020

NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH), as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for catalyzing overall water splitting in alkaline electrolyte.
An in situ grown lanthanum sulfide/molybdenum sulfide hybrid catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ding Xinran , Yang Tao , Wei Wenxian , Wang Yihui , Xu Kai , Zhu Zizheng , Zhao Hong , Yu Tingting , Zhang Dongen
Published: April 2020

An La2S3–MoS2 catalyst with expanded interlayer spacing and engineered nano-interfaces was facilely synthesized, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activity for electrochemical hydrogen evolution.
Molybdenum carbide supported metal catalysts (Mn/MoxC; M = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt) – metal and surface dependent structure and stability
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Teng , Shi Yun , Jiao Haijun
Published: April 2020

The surface and metal-dependent morphologies and energies of molybdenum carbide supported metal catalysts (Mn/MoxC; M = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt) have been systematically investigated on the basis of periodic density functional theory computations.
Tomato seed oil attenuates hyperlipidemia and modulates gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: He Wen-Sen , Li Lingling , Rui Jiaxin , Li Junjie , Sun Yuying , Cui Dandan , Xu Bin
Published: April 2020

TSO can significantly improve fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, thereby inhibiting obesity and hypercholesterolemia. TSO can favorably modulate the gut microbiota.
Multilevel nanoimprint lithography with a binary mould for plasmonic colour printing
Authors: Shahin Shahidan Muhammad Faris , Song Jingchao , James Timothy D. , Roberts Ann
Published: April 2020

Printing of multilevel (3-dimensional) plasmonic colour using UV-assisted nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with a simple 2-dimensional binary (two-step) mold in a single print by harnessing nanofluidics of the polymer resist through strategic mold design.
Enhanced charge transport via d(δ)–p(π) conjugation in Mo2-integrated single-molecule junctions
Authors: Meng Miao , Tang Zheng , Mallick Suman , Luo Ming Hui , Tan Zhibing , Liu Jun-yang , Shi Jia , Yang Yang , Liu Chun Y. , Hong Wenjing
Published: April 2020

We reported the charge transport properties of Mo2-integrated, rod-like molecules in single-molecule junctions. This study opens a door to the development of d(δ)–p(π) conjugated molecular wires with enhanced electrical conductivity.
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics in bimetallic plasmonic catalysts
Authors: Sim Sangwan , Beierle Alyssa , Mantos Philip , McCrory Steven , Prasankumar Rohit P. , Chowdhury Sanchari
Published: April 2020

The charge carrier relaxation dynamics of bimetallic plasmonic catalysts Au/Ni and Au/Pt is significantly different from that of pure Au nanoparticles, which will impact their performance.
Photo-induced electrodeposition of metallic nanostructures on graphene
Authors: Xia Kangwei , Chiang Wei-Yi , Lockhart de la Rosa Cesar Javier , Fujita Yasuhiko , Toyouchi Shuichi , Yuan Haifeng , Su Jia , Masuhara Hiroshi , De Gendt Stefan , De Feyter Steven , Hofkens Johan , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

A practical and low-cost optical technique is demonstrated to direct deposit metal nano-patterned structures without the need for a sacrificial resist on graphene. The technique relies on the laser-induced reduction of metal ions on a graphene film.
Real-time monitoring and accurate diagnosis of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo by ratio-fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of peroxynitrite
Authors: Zhuang Hongjun , Li Benhao , Zhao Mengyao , Wei Peng , Yuan Wei , Zhang Mengfan , Han Xuemin , Chen Yin , Yi Tao
Published: April 2020

Cyanine dye-coordinated upconversion nanoparticles were developed for real-time monitoring drug-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo by ratio-fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of peroxynitrite.
Exploring the structure–property relationship of three-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride aerogels with gyroid surfaces
Authors: Chen Yan , Qin Huasong , Song Juzheng , Liu Zeming , Liu Yilun , Pei Qing-Xiang
Published: April 2020

The mechanical and thermal behaviors of three-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride aerogels (hBNAGs) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations based on a binary phase-field crystal (PFC) model.
Surfactant-free synthesis of layered double hydroxide-armored latex particles
Authors: Qiao X. G. , Dugas P.-Y. , Prevot V. , Bourgeat-Lami E.
Published: April 2020

MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-armored latexes were produced by Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as auxiliary comonomers.
Highly active bimetallic nickel catalysts for alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides
Authors: Su Yu-Chia , Tsui Chih-Hsiang , Tsai Chen-Yen , Ko Bao-Tsan
Published: April 2020

Catalyst 1 was reported for the first time to be effective for nickel-catalyzed CO2/CHO copolymerization at 1 atm CO2 pressure.
Hierarchical self-assembled nanostructures of lactone-derived thiobarbiturate homopolymers for stimuli-responsive delivery applications
Authors: Mandal Piyali , Patra Diptendu , Shunmugam Raja
Published: April 2020

Hierarchical self-assembled nanostructures of lactone-derived thiobarbiturate homopolymers for stimuli-responsive delivery applications are shown.
Injectable dual cross-linked adhesive hyaluronic acid multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds for potential applications in cartilage repair
Authors: Yu Chenxi , Gao Huichang , Li Qingtao , Cao Xiaodong
Published: April 2020

A double crosslinked hydrogels was designed and prepared by combining the Diels–Alder click reaction and possessed good mechanical strength, injectability and adhesion.