bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quorum Sensing and NF-κB Inhibition of Synthetic Coumaperine Derivatives from Piper nigrum
Authors: Kadosh Yael , Muthuraman Subramani , Yaniv Karin , Baruch Yifat , Gopas Jacob , Kushmaro Ariel , Kumar Rajendran Saravana
Published: April 2021

Bacterial communication, termed Quorum Sensing (QS), is a promising target for virulence attenuation and the treatment of bacterial infections. Infections cause inflammation, a process regulated by a number of cellular factors, including the transcription Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB); this factor is found to be upregulated in many inflammatory diseases, including those induced by bacterial infection. In this study, we tested 32 synthetic derivatives of coumaperine (CP), a known natural compound found in pepper (Piper nigrum), for Quorum Sensing Inhibition (QSI) and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Of the compounds tested, seven were found to have high QSI activity, three inhibited bacterial growth and five inhibited NF-κB. In addition, some of the CP compounds were active in more than one test. For example, compounds CP-286, CP-215 and CP-158 were not cytotoxic, inhibited NF-κB activation and QS but did not show antibacterial activity. CP-154 inhibited QS, decreased NF-κB activation and inhibited bacterial growth. Our results indicate that these synthetic molecules may provide a basis for further development of novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
Biochar of Spent Coffee Grounds as Per Se and Impregnated with TiO2: Promising Waste-Derived Adsorbents for Balofloxacin
Authors: El-Azazy Marwa , El-Shafie Ahmed S. , Morsy Hagar
Published: April 2021

Biochars (BC) of spent coffee grounds, both pristine (SCBC) and impregnated with titanium oxide (TiO2@SCBC) were exploited as environmentally friendly and economical sorbents for the fluroquinolone antibiotic balofloxacin (BALX). Surface morphology, functional moieties, and thermal stabilities of both adsorbents were scrutinized using SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, FTIR, Raman, and TG/dT analyses. BET analysis indicated that the impregnation with TiO2 has increased the surface area (50.54 m2/g) and decreased the pore size and volume. Batch adsorption experiments were completed in lights of the experimental set-up of Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Two responses were maximized; the % removal (%R) and the adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g) as a function of four variables: pH, adsorbent dosage (AD), BALX concentration ([BALX]), and contact time (CT). %R of 68.34% and 91.78% were accomplished using the pristine and TiO2@SCBC, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms indicated that Freundlich model was of a perfect fit for adsorption of BALX onto both adsorbents. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 142.55 mg/g for SCBC and 196.73 mg/g for the TiO2@SCBC. Kinetics of the adsorption process were best demonstrated using the pseudo-second order (PSO) model. The adsorption-desorption studies showed that both adsorbents could be restored with the adsorption efficiency being conserved up to 66.32% after the fifth cycles.
A New Pyrimidine Schiff Base with Selective Activities against Enterococcus faecalis and Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stolarczyk Marcin , Wolska Aleksandra , Mikołajczyk Aleksandra , Bryndal Iwona , Cieplik Jerzy , Lis Tadeusz , Matera-Witkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Enterococcus faecalis is known as a significant nosocomial pathogen due to its natural resistance to many antibacterial drugs. Moreover, it was found that E. faecalis infection causes inflammation, production of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage to human gastric cancer cells, which can induce cancer. In this study, we synthesized and tested the biological activity of a new Schiff base, 5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino]methyl-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine (3), and compared its properties with an analogous amine (2). In the biological investigation, 3 was found to have antibacterial activity against E. faecalis 29212 and far better anticancer properties, especially against gastric adenocarcinoma (human Caucasian gastric adenocarcinoma), than 2. In addition, both derivatives were non-toxic to normal cells. It is worth mentioning that 3 could potentially inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis. The results suggest that the presence of the –C=N– bond in the molecule of 3 increases its activity, indicating that 5-iminomethylpyrimidine could be a potent core for further drug discovery research.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Analyses to Identify the Effect of Harvesting Frequencies on the Leaf Metabolite Profile of a Moringa oleifera Cultivar Grown in an Open Hydroponic System
Authors: Managa Lavhelesani R. , du Toit Elsa S. , Prinsloo Gerhard
Published: April 2021

Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the world’s most useful medicinal plants. Different parts of the M. oleifera tree contain a rich profile of important minerals, proteins, vitamins, and various important bioactive compounds. However, there are differences in the phytochemical composition of the medicinal plant’s raw materials due to seasonal variation, cultivation practices, and post-harvest processing. The main objective of this study was therefore to determine the effect of harvesting frequencies on selected bioactive compounds of a M. oleifera cultivar (PKM1) grown in a hydroponic system under a shade net structure. Three harvesting frequency treatments were applied in the study, with the plants harvested at every 30 days (high frequency), 60 days (intermediate frequency), and 90 days (low frequency) respectively. 1H-NMR was used for data acquisition, and multivariate data analysis by means of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminatory analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to determine the changes in the leaf metabolite profile, and also to identify the spectral features contributing to the separation of samples. Targeted metabolite analysis was used to match the NMR peaks of the compounds with the NMR chemical shifts of the contribution plot. The contribution plot showed that the increase in concentration of some compounds in aliphatic, sugar and aromatic regions contributed to the separation of the samples. The results revealed that intermediate and low harvesting frequencies resulted in a change in the leaf metabolite profile. Compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, wogonin, esculetin, niazirin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed an increase under intermediate and low harvesting frequencies. These results provide insight into the effect of harvesting frequencies on the metabolite profile and associated medicinal activity of M. oleifera.
Transdermal System Based on Solid Cilostazol Nanoparticles Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Mice
Authors: Otake Hiroko , Yamaguchi Mizuki , Ogata Fumihiko , Deguchi Saori , Yamamoto Naoki , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kawasaki Naohito , Nagai Noriaki
Published: April 2021

Cilostazol (CIL) exerted a protective effect by promoting blood–brain barrier integrity as well as improving the status of neurological dysfunctions following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We attempted to design a 0.5% CIL carbopol gel using solid nanoparticles (CIL-Ngel), and then investigated the relationships between energy-dependent endocytosis and the skin penetration of CIL-Ngel in this study. In addition, we evaluated whether the CIL-Ngel attenuated I/R-induced brain injury in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion model mouse. The particle size of CIL was decreased using a bead mill, and the CIL particles (14.9 × 1014 particles/0.3 g) in the CIL-Ngel were approximately 50–180 nm. The release of CIL in the CIL-Ngel was higher than that in gel containing CIL powder (CIL-Mgel), and the CIL particles were released from the CIL-Ngel as nanoparticles. In addition, the percutaneous absorption of CIL from the CIL-Ngel was higher in comparison with that from CIL-Mgel, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis and caveolae-dependent endocytosis were related to the enhanced skin penetration of CIL-NPs. In the traditional (oral administration of CIL powder, 3 mg/kg) and transdermal administration (CIL-Ngel, 0.3 g) for 3 days (once a day), the area under the plasma CIL concentration–time curves (AUC) was similar, although the CIL supplied to the blood by the CIL-Ngel was more sustained than that via oral administration of CIL powder. Furthermore, the CIL-Ngel attenuated the ischemic stroke. In conclusion, we designed a gel using solid CIL-NPs, and we showed that the sustained release of CIL by CIL-Ngel provided an effective treatment for ischemic stroke in MCAO/reperfusion model mice. These findings induce the possibilities of developing novel applications of CIL solid nanoparticles.
Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid with Optimized Nano Silica Content
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Petousis Markos , Velidakis Emanuel , Mountakis Nikolaos , Tzounis Lazaros , Liebscher Marco , Grammatikos Sotirios A.
Published: April 2021

The scope of this work was to create, with melt mixing compounding process, novel nanocomposite filaments with enhanced properties that industry can benefit from, using commercially available materials, to enhance the performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were selected as fillers for a polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic matrix at various weight % (wt.%) concentrations, namely, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 wt.%. Tensile, flexural and impact test specimens were 3D printed and tested according to international standards and their Vickers microhardness was also examined. It was proven that SiO2 filler enhanced the overall strength at concentrations up to 1 wt.%, compared to pure PLA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the produced nanocomposite extruded filaments roughness. Raman spectroscopy was performed for the 3D printed nanocomposites to verify the polymer nanocomposite structure, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the 3D printed samples’ thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out for the interlayer fusion and fractography morphological characterization of the specimens. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the produced nanocomposites were investigated with a screening process, to evaluate their performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
Editorial Comments to the Special Issue: “Colletotrichum spp. on Fruit Crops—State of the Art, Perspectives and Drawbacks”
Authors: Gomes Sónia , Azevedo-Nogueira Filipe , Martins-Lopes Paula
Published: April 2021

The year 2020 has been celebrated as the International Year of Plant Health by the United Nations, and it has been a unique opportunity to realise the vital role of producing while preserving our natural and cultural heritage—Sustainable Food and Agriculture [...]
Improving the Evapotranspiration Estimation under Cloudy Condition by Extending the Ts-VI Triangle Model
Authors: Li Boyang , Cui Yaokui , Geng Xiaozhuang , Li Huan
Published: April 2021

Evapotranspiration (ET) of soil-vegetation system is the main process of the water and energy exchange between the atmosphere and the land surface. Spatio-temporal continuous ET is vitally important to agriculture and ecological applications. Surface temperature and vegetation index (Ts-VI) triangle ET model based on remote sensing land surface temperature (LST) is widely used to monitor the land surface ET. However, a large number of missing data caused by the presence of clouds always reduces the availability of the main parameter LST, thus making the remote sensing-based ET estimation unavailable. In this paper, a method to improve the availability of ET estimates from Ts-VI model is proposed. Firstly, continuous LST product of the time series is obtained using a reconstruction algorithm, and then, the reconstructed LST is applied to the estimate ET using the Ts-VI model. The validation in the Heihe River Basin from 2009 to 2011 showed that the availability of ET estimates is improved from 25 days per year (d/yr) to 141 d/yr. Compared with the in situ data, a very good performance of the estimated ET is found with RMSE 1.23 mm/day and R2 0.6257 at point scale and RMSE 0.32 mm/day and R2 0.8556 at regional scale. This will improve the understanding of the water and energy exchange between the atmosphere and the land surface, especially under cloudy conditions.
Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Modulates the CD63 Interactome
Authors: Cheerathodi Mujeeb , Nkosi Dingani , Cone Allaura S. , York Sara B. , Meckes David G.
Published: April 2021

Tetraspanin CD63 is a cluster of cell surface proteins with four transmembrane domains; it is associated with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and typically localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes. CD63 plays an important role in the cellular trafficking of different proteins, EV cargo sorting, and vesicle formation. We have previously shown that CD63 is important in LMP1 trafficking to EVs, and this also affects LMP1-mediated intracellular signaling including MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and mTOR activation. Using the BioID method combined with mass spectrometry, we sought to define the broad CD63 interactome and how LMP1 modulates this network of interacting proteins. We identified a total of 1600 total proteins as a network of proximal interacting proteins to CD63. Biological process enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement in signal transduction, cell communication, protein metabolism, and transportation. The CD63-only interactome was enriched in Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins, and sorting nexins, while adding LMP1 into the interactome increased the presence of signaling and ribosomal proteins. Our results showed that LMP1 alters the CD63 interactome, shifting the network of protein enrichment from protein localization and vesicle-mediated transportation to metabolic processes and translation. We also show that LMP1 interacts with mTOR, Nedd4 L, and PP2A, indicating the formation of a multiprotein complex with CD63, thereby potentially regulating LMP1-dependent mTOR signaling. Collectively, the comprehensive analysis of CD63 proximal interacting proteins provides insights into the network of partners required for endocytic trafficking and extracellular vesicle cargo sorting, formation, and secretion.
Rainfall Warning Model for Rainfall-Triggered Channelized Debris Flow Based on Physical Model Test—A Case Study of Laomao Mountain Debris Flow in Dalian City
Authors: Wang Yuzheng , Nie Lei , Liu Chang , Zhang Min , Xu Yan , Teng Yuhang , Bao Chonghao , He Yuanyuan , Kong Fansheng , Rui Xiangjian , Zhang Tao , Du Chao , Jin Lihaolin , Li Zhengguo
Published: April 2021

Debris flows are among the most frequent and hazardous disasters worldwide. Debris flow hazard prediction is an important and effective means of engineering disaster mitigation, and rainfall threshold is the core issue in debris flow prediction. This study selected the Laomao Mountain debris flow in Dalian as the research object and explored the relationship among the percentage of coarse sand content of soil, rainfall conditions and the critical rainfall values that induce debris flows on the basis of field investigation data, combined with the results of a flume test, soil suction measurement and geomechanical analysis. The new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were obtained through the mathematical regression analysis method. The critical rainfall values of debris flows in this area were calculated by the previous research on the mechanism of hydraulic debris flow initiation (HIMM). Lastly, the multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were compared and analyzed with the critical rainfall values obtained using the HIMM method and the rainfall information available in historical rainfall data, and the reliability of the models was verified. The comparison results showed that the new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models can effectively modify the traditional intensity–duration model and have certain reliability and practical values. They can provide an effectual scientific basis for future work on the monitoring and prediction of debris flow disasters.
THE SEMITIC SCHOOL OF CHRISTIAN PATRISTICS
Authors: Morozova Daria
Published: April 2021

The Jewish community of Antioch was not monolithic. Communities of different currents tended to gather separately. Apparently, some of them, having received the news of the coming of the Messiah from the apostles, became the first centers of Christianity in Antioch, providing the basis for the future theological school. Such Semitic features of Antiochian patristics as literalism, historicism, and a kind of mystical materialism provoked criticism from other schools. On the other hand, Aramaic-speaking Christians could rightly call the Hebrew-Aramaic Bible "our Scriptures." As heirs to Old Testament prophets and legislators, Syrian apologists addressed the "Greeks" in a paternal tone. Theophilus of Antioch and Theodore of Mopsuestia even show a direct dependence on the rabbinic tradition of interpretation.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF MAN AS AN INTEGRATED PERSONALITY IN THE CATHOLIC TRADITION OF BIOETHICS
Authors: Laputko Anna
Published: April 2021

In modern bioethical research and the practice of their implementation, two opposite directions can be traced: ethical absolutism in Christian philosophy and ethical relativism in utilitarianism and pragmatism. Christian bioethics is based on the anthropological concept of man as integrated personality and social being. The thesis of the dignity of the human person is contained in the biblical concept of the creation of man in the image and likeness of God. The Christian anthropological concept is based on the perception of the individual as an inseparable unity of the physical and the spiritual. Christian moral norms should be seen in the context of the phenomenon of the gift.
Arylamino Substituted Mercaptoimidazole Derivatives as New Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acidic Media: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Duran Berrin , Yurttaş Leyla , Duran Murat
Published: April 2021

Two arylamino substituted mercaptoimidazole derivatives namely 4,5-dimethyl-1-(phenylamino)-1H-imidazole-2(3H)-thione (I1) and 4,5-dimethyl-1-((p-chlorophenyl)amino)-1H-imidazole-2(3H)-thione (I2) were synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The results showed that the investigated mercaptoimidazole derivatives act as mixed type inhibitors and inhibition efficiency follows the I2>I1 order. Adsorption of inhibitors on metal surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption of the inhibitors has both physisorption and chemisorption adsorption mechanism. Electrochemical test results were supported by quantum chemical parameters obtained from DFT calculations.
Digitalization of the economy and digital technologies
Authors: Rysina V.N.
Published: April 2021

The global trend of the current decade is the «digitalisation of the economy», which means the introduction of digital technologies into economic activity. Digital technologies used in the economy primarily include information and communication (information-computer) technologies, which are used to build information systems at various stages of the product life cycle. Such systems perform the tasks of collecting, transmitting and processing data coming from the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of products. A brief look at digital technologies used in modern industry.
Profit as a key motive and the resulting indicator of the activity of state corporations
Authors: Dubrova M.V.
Published: April 2021

Development institutions are becoming the most important tools for regulating economic activity both in Russia and in the world, through the implementation of social projects, the accumulation of financial resources and their direction to the priority areas of state development. The purpose of the study is to study the financial results of state corporations, in particular development institutions, and their role in providing project financing. The proposed article provides an assessment of the profit of the state corporation «Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity» (GC «Vnesheconombank»), emphasizes the specifics of the state corporation as a non-profit organization, and provides recommendations for improving the efficiency of the financial activities of the GC «Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity».
Technology of Forming Future Teachers’ Readiness for Pedagogical Improvisation
Authors: Bashkir Olha , Panchenko Violetta , Osova Olha , Zhytnytska Anastasiia
Published: April 2021

The article grounds the relevance of the special preparation of students of pedagogical universities for pedagogical improvisation based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and the ways in which future teachers acquire professional knowledge and skills.

Having analyzed the content of the educational programs of psychology and pedagogy we proved that no purposeful training of future teachers for pedagogical improvisation has been organized. It caused the need for developing an appropriate technique.

The purpose of the article is to develop a technique to form future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation in the process of studying psychological and pedagogical disciplines.

Methodology. The research was conducted with the application of theoretical (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature to define a conceptual-categorical apparatus; grounding the technique of forming future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation) and empirical methods (surveys, questionnaires, testing, observation, conversation, dialogue, methods of expert evaluation, self-assessment analysis of learning outcomes, content of educational programs of psychological and pedagogical disciplines).

In the course of the research the following results were achieved: the essence of the concepts «readiness for pedagogical improvisation», «learning technique» was defined; structural components of readiness for pedagogical improvisation were singled out; surveys, interviews and questionnaires were conducted among the future teachers to identify their level of readiness for pedagogical improvisation. Moreover, the research contributed to the development of a technique to form future teachers’ readiness for pedagogical improvisation, which led to the gradual formation of students’ skills to improvise.

The conducted research allowed us to draw the conclusion that the readiness for pedagogical improvisation is a stable individual quality that integrates the values, knowledge, skills, which should be formed in several stages. Motivational-targeted stage was aimed at stimulating the development of positive motivation for improvisation; content and procedural stage that provided for acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills of pedagogical improvisation; evaluation-reflexive stage involving evaluation and correction of personal and professional development, content, forms and methods of training.
ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL PEDIÁTRICA EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Jiménez Arguedas Gabriela , Herrera Rodríguez Raquel María , Víquez Víquez Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) se caracteriza por una inflamación del intestino secundaria a un proceso autoinmune. En Costa Rica se desconoce la incidencia y la forma de presentación pediátrica.

Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional, basado en la revisión de expedientes clínicos. Se tomaron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de EII (enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y colitis ulcerosa (CU) entre los 0 y los 15 años, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” para el período del 01 de agosto de 2000 al 31 de agosto de 2015.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes, 30 pacientes con colitis ulcerativa y 4 con enfermedad de Crohn. La tasa de incidencia del estudio fue de 2.96/100000 habitantes para edades entre los 0 y los 15 años. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue 8.8 años. La clínica inicial fue diarrea (85.5%); en su mayoría sanguinolenta (96.6%). Los resultados de los laboratorios al diagnóstico fueron: eritrocitos o leucocitos presentes en heces (79.3%), anemia (57.6%) y elevación de la VES (50%). El hallazgo mas común en la colonoscopía fue la mucosa friable (88.2%). Las biopsias en su mayoría fueron inespecíficas y en menos de la mitad de los casos concluyentes de CU o EC. Todos los pacientes se trataron con esteroides. Sólo 3 pacientes requirieron cirugía. El 58.8% de los pacientes tuvieron recaídas en el primer año del diagnóstico.

Conclusiones: En Costa Rica hay más casos de CU que de EC. Se debe realizar de un protocolo de atención para un mejor diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con sospecha de EII en Costa Rica.
INCONTINENCIA URINARIA
Authors: Arias Amador Kimberly , Rojas Diaz Sofia , Villalobos Montenegro Carlos
Published: April 2021

La incontinencia urinaria (IU), definida como cualquier pérdida involuntaria de orina, es una enfermedad de la edad adulta que afecta principalmente a mujeres y adultos mayores repercutiendo de manera importante en su calidad de vida. La IU es el resultado de múltiples factores de riesgo y de modificadores. Entre su clasificación se encuentran la  incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, incontinencia urinaria de urgencia e incontinencia urinaria mixta. Para realizar el diagnóstico es necesario conocer la historia clínica y realizar una exploración física adecuada y dirigida, junto con algunas exploraciones complementarias. El tratamiento farmacológico se adecúa de acuerdo al tipo de IU que sufra el o la paciente y siendo la resolución quirúrgica la solución definitiva. Los adultos mayores tienden a no buscar atención médica por razones como el estigma y la vergüenza social, a pesar de esto, con una sociedad que envejece a mayor rapidez y con adultos mayores con una sobrevida más alta, el impacto de la IU en la sociedad y en los servicios de salud irá en aumento.
SALIVA COMO MUESTRA PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE SARS-COV-2
Authors: Orozco Barquero Antony , Chinchilla Ureña Ana Lucía , Ibarra Ureña Rosa , Calvo Arrieta Karol
Published: April 2021

El SARS-CoV-2 es el coronavirus responsable de la pandemia actual, la muestra de elección para el diagnostico de esta infección, es el hisopado faringeo. Esta muestra cuenta con varias desventajas, requiere materiales para su recolección que ha escaceado a nivel mundial, su sensibilidad es dependiente de la pericia del profecional que toma la muestra y la toma de muestra es invasiva e incomoda. Por todo esto, surge la necesidad de buscar otra muestra con suficiente sensibilidad que pueda ser empleada para diagnóstico.

En el siguiente trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura disponible acerca de la idenoidad de la saliva como dicha muestra. En la mayoría de los estudios, se evidencia una alta correlación entre resultados obtenidos con saliva y los de hisopado nasofaringeo, con cargas virales suficientemente altas para ser detectadas, sobre todo, si se trata de la primera saliva de la mañana previo a la ingesta de alimentos y sin haber realizado lavado de dientes.
Reasons for the Demise of Interest: Savings Glut and Secular Stagnation or Central Bank Policy?
Authors: Mayer Thomas , Schnabl Gunther
Published: April 2021

This article compares the Keynesian, neoclassical and Austrian expla-nations for low interest rates and sluggish growth. From a Keynesian and neoclassical perspective, low interest rates are attributed to aging societies, which save more for the future (global savings glut). Low growth is linked to slowing population growth and a declining marginal efficiency of investment as well as to declining fixed capital investment due to digitalization (secular stagnation). In contrast, from the perspective of Austrian business cycle theory, interest rates were decreased step by step by central banks to stimulate growth. This paralyzed investment and lowered growth in the long term. This study shows that the ability of banks to extend credit ex nihilo and the requirement of time to produce capital goods invalidates the permanent IS identity assumed in the Keynesian theory. Furthermore, it is found that there is no empirical evidence for the hypotheses of a global savings glut and secular stagnation. Instead, low growth can be explained by the emergence of quasi “soft budget constraints” as a result of low interest rates, which reduce the incentive for banks and enterprises to strive for efficiency.
Mr. Hayek and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation of the Business Cycle Theory in Prices and Production
Authors: Herger Nils
Published: April 2021

This paper endeavors to develop a modern theoretical underpinning of Friedrich August von Hayek’s business-cycle theory as published during the Great Depression in his book Prices and Production. According to Hayek, economic cycles are caused by monetary shocks, which distort the relative-price schedule across economic sectors. Possible consequences of these price distortions, which are also called “Cantillon effects,” include malinvestment and an unsustainable production structure, which sooner or later has to be corrected by a recession. It turns out that this type of economic fluctuation can be condensed into a simple two-sector overlapping generations model.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL LITERACY, LIFE STYLE, LOCUS OF CONTROL DAN DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF GENERASI MILENIAL DI KOTA SUBANG
Authors: Dilasari Dilasari , Mulyati Sri , Kurniawan Asep
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of financial Literacy, Life style, Locus of control and demographics on the consumption behavior of millennial generation in the city of Subang. Consumptive behavior is an action that prioritizes desires rather than needs, therefore consumption activities are actions taken to meet needs, if consumption is excessive, a consumptive behavior will occur.This research was conducted to the millennial generation in the city of Subang, aged 20 - 35 years in 2020. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The number of samples in this study were 200 people, sampling using nonprobability sampling techniques with a purposive sampling approach. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis.

The results of this study conclude that simultaneous financial literacy, life style, locus of control, and demographics influence the consumptive behavior of millennials in Subang City, Whereas according to the results of the hypothesis partially financial literacy variables, life style, positive and significant influence on consumptive behavior of millennial generation in Subang, locus of control variables have a negative and significant effect on consumptive behavior of millennial generation in Subang, while demographic variables (gender), and demographic (income) does not affect the consumption behavior of millennial generation in the city of Subang.
İçsel Motivasyon ve Öznel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: İş Becerikliliği ve Akış Deneyiminin Seri Aracılık Rolü
Authors: ERCEYLAN Nusret , ÖZTÜRK Mehtap , ULUDAĞ Kübra , UZUNBACAK Hasan Hüseyin , AKÇAKANAT Tahsin
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; içsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş ilişkisinde iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin seri aracılık rollerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın hipotezleri Isparta ve Burdur illerindeki devlet üniversitelerinde görev yapan toplam 168 akademisyen üzerinde Hayes’in (2012) seri çoklu aracılık modelleri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; içsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin birlikte anlamlı etkisinin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aracı değişkenlerin etkileri ayrı ayrı incelendiğinde ise akış deneyiminin anlamlı aracılık etkisinin tespit edilmesine rağmen, iş becerikliliğinin anlamlı etkisi bulunamamıştır.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction: A Study of The Hospitality Industry
Authors: SÜRÜCÜ Lütfi , SAĞBAŞ Murat
Published: April 2021

Job satisfaction is considered as an important factor in terms of reducing employee absenteeism and intention to quit. It can be clearly seen based on the findings of previous studies that job satisfaction has a specific role in in hospitality management. The literature on the hospitality industry emphasizes that appropriate leadership styles should be applied to maximize the job satisfaction of hotel employees. In order to further the understanding of the factors affecting job satisfaction and to expand the literature for the hospitality industry, a conceptual model has been developed that includes structural relationships between leadership styles and job satisfaction. Regression analysis was used to experimentally test the developed model. The data were obtained from employees of five-star hotels operating in Alanya, Turkey (N=311). As a result of the research, it has been determined that transformational and transactional leadership positively affects job satisfaction, whereas laissez-faire leadership has no effect on job satisfaction. While our research will enable a more in-depth understanding of the antecedents of job satisfaction, managerial suggestions for improving the service quality in hotels will be made, which will enhance the awareness amongst managers.
On the Problem of Regulation of Suspended Water Disposal to Natural Water Bodies
Authors:   Lepikhin A.P., Golovacheva S.I.
Published: April 2021

The current regulation system for suspended matter input into water bodies has been considered. It has been shown that current norms of the maximal permissible concentration based on permissible exceeding the “background” content are intrinsically contradictive and ineffective. It is necessary to take into account a considerably wider range of determining factors.
Anthropogenic and Natural Changes of Hydrological Restrictions for Nature Use in the Russian Arctic Region River Deltas
Authors:   Alekseyevskiy N.I., Magritskiy D.V., Mikhailov V.N.
Published: April 2021

Hydrological restrictions for nature management in large deltas of the Russian Arctic are directly related to the value, annual regime, long-term fl uctuations and transformation within deltas of components of river runoff, and ice regime, and marine and other factors. A extensive base of hydrological data, the results of long years research, attracted materials allow you to establish the characteristics and causes of modern intraannual and long-term variability of water fl ow, sediment runoff and heat runoff of the large Arctic rivers, substantiate tendencies of their possible changes in the XXI century, and consequences for nature management and hydrological regime of the Arctic deltas. The second part of the research and its important results include the analysis of the present-day hydrological conditions in the Arctic deltas – water balance of deltas, features of distribution and redistribution of river runoff between the main deltaic branches, spring and summer fl ooding of the delta plains, ice regime of rivers and delta watercourses. Their character, expected changes directly affect the conditions, effi ciency and prospect of native nature management, safety of people, and environmental risks.
Simulating of Phytoplankton Development in the Rybinsk Reservoir
Authors:   Datsenko Y.S., Yerina O.N., Puklakov V.V.
Published: April 2021

A model of phytoplankton development within a reservoir including the description of kinetics of its interactions in the ecosystem and internal water exchange of the reservoir has been presented. The carried out calculations of changes of the cyanobacteria and diatom algae biomass in the Rybinsk Reservoir in the vegetation period have shown their satisfactory convergence with the fi eld observations data.
Effects of the Urea and Heavy Metals (Ni2+ and Cu2+) Higher Concentrations on Aquatic Macrophytes (Egeria densa Planch. as a Study Case)
Authors:   Maleva M.G., Borisova G.G., Chukina N.V.
Published: April 2021

Urea and heavy metals (Ni2+ and Cu2+) higher concentration infl uence on the photosynthetic pigments’ content, lipids peroxidation intensity and urease ferments activity in the submerged aquatic macrophyte – Egeria densa Planch. have been studied. It has been shown that addition of metals to the medium with urea tends to strengthen its toxic effect upon plants. It has been found that four-day long hatching of plants in the medium with urea and nickel lead to the oxidative stress development in Canada water weed leaves. Copper concentration equal to 100 mkmol/l appeared to be lethal for plants.
Water Treatment Concerning Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions with Wood-waste-based Sorbents
Authors:   Somin V.A., Osokin V.M., Komarova L.F.
Published: April 2021

Results of research of sorption materials based on different wood sawdust in water treatment against copper and nickel ions are presented. Static sorption capacity of the sorbents obtained by treatment with various modifiers has been studied, treatment parameters in dynamic conditions have been determined, and processing of the received data in terms of correspondence with the Langmoore theory has been made.
A Technique of the Ore-mining and Processing Plant Waste Water Treatment
Authors:   Varayeva Y.A., Aksenov V.I.
Published: April 2021

A technique for mining/processing plants waste waters treatment has been presented. The proposed solution is based on separate processing of wastes different by the composition with the use of increased quantities of an alkalizating agent. This technique use will enable to improve the quality of water discharged in water bodies up to MPC and to decrease the waste waters adverse impact upon water bodies.
Water Use Special Features under the Water Resources Scarcity Conditions (the Ishim River as a Study Case)
Authors:   Frolova N.L., Ivanovskaya V.V.
Published: April 2021

Special features of water use within the boundaries of the Ishim River transboundary basin (an area with very scanty water resources) have been analyzed. In spite of the general trend of water consumption volume reduction the water quality deterioration has been found in the basin. The degree of anthropogenic impact upon water resources have been assessed on the basis of direct and indirect indicators.
Forecasting of the Dnieper River Lower Reach Hydro/chemical Regime with Neuro/techniques Application
Authors:   Pichura V.I., Pilipenko Y.V., Lisetskiy F.N., Dovbysh O.E.
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of research and practical application of intellectual systems for predicting the hydro/chemical conditions of the Lower Dnieper area through neuro/technologies. Nonlinear multilayer artificial neural networks for the prediction of the main chemical parameters of Lower Dnieper area water have been established for the first time. Optimal parameters of the learning algorithm have been identified, the control sample generalization capability and the prediction reliability with the test set of artificial neural networks have been assessed, and prediction of the hydro/chemical regime up to 2015 has been made.
Statistical Treatment of Many-year Data on the Cherek-Bezengiyskiy River Water Chemical Composition
Authors:   Gazayev K-M. M., Atabiyeva F.A., Kuchmenova I.I., Zhinzhakova L.Z.
Published: April 2021

Statistical indicators of many-year observations of the Cherek-Bezengiyskiy River water chemical composition within the boundaries of Kabardin-Balkar State High-mountain Natural Reserve have been presented. The research results can be used for formation of the summarized systematic information needed for development of regional or basin water quality indicators.
Reclamation Development Options Optimization Model within the Water Bodies Integrated Development and Protection Scheme
Authors:   Yurchenko I.F., Nosov A.K.
Published: April 2021

Information/analytical research of methodical approaches to melioration facilities localization within a catchment area and their provision with water resources have been carried out. A model of multi-criteria optimization for melioration option formation during the social/economic agrarian sector development regional programs implementation and for composing the list of water/protection measures within the regional WBIUPS frameworks has been developed. Procedures of the principles formation for melioration facilities functional/technological location at the catchment to reduce labor intensity concerning possible versions of melioration facilities’ binding to water resources; sources and discharges in terms of representativeness of the options to be discussed have been presented.
Manganese Disposal from Groundwater with Renewable Catalytic Layer
Authors:   Brayalovskiy G.B. Migalatiy Y.V., Nikiforov A.F.
Published: April 2021

Outcomes of the high manganese-content and high oxidation ability groundwater treatment are presented. A novel technique of manganese disposal based on oxidation with continuous input of a reaction catalyst has been proposed.
Research of the Mercury Distribution in the Maritime Region Groundwater
Authors:   Shulkin V.M., Yurchenko S.G., Iyevlev D.I.
Published: April 2021

For the first time on the Maritime territory particularizes of the mercury concentration in groundwater in dependence on their chemical composition and the depth of the sampling plane depth have been characterized. It has been shown that in soil waters of the southern part of the Maritime the mercury concentration is in the 0.3 – 17.0 ng/l range, with positive dependence on the mineralization. It has been found that due to anthropogenic load well waters contain more sulfates and chlorides, as well as nitrates in comparison with groundwater from deeper planes of the same area. At the same time, the mercury concentration in groundwater can be higher on the territories with knowingly lower anthropogenic load in comparison with areas with considerably higher anthropogenic pressing.
Assessment of Water Use Impact on Mangrove Forest in the Dongnai River Basin
Authors:   Le Kong Chin, Nekrasova M.A., Bolgov M.V.
Published: April 2021

Results of calculations and forecast of water consumption in the Dongnai River (Vietnam) for the period till 2020 are discussed. The analysis, the water regime forecast and water consumption optimization are considered the basis for sustainable water use formation and attaining of water resources use effectiveness in the Vietnam’s national economy providing securing of environmental safety, particularly, necessary hydrological conditions for preservation of the mangrove forest ecosystem of the «Kanzio» specially protected natural territory near the river’s mouth.
Hygienic Aspects of Health of Junior Students of a Medical University
Authors: Shestera AA , Sabirova KM , Kiku PF , Kaerova EV
Published: April 2021

Background: The task of preserving and improving health of university students is a priority in modern Russia. The purpose of the study was to analyze the health status and to identify priority health risk factors of junior students of a medical university. Materials and methods: Health assessment was carried out with account for disease incidence (based on the journal of registration of student health records), lifestyle (results of a questionnaire-based survey), and physical development (medical examination results). The study involved 789 to 1,165 first to third-year medical university students. Results: We established an increase in the incidence of diseases with temporary disability in the surveyed students by 17.8 % in 2014–2017. The increase was more pronounced among the most common health disorders such as diseases of the respiratory, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes. The most prevalent behavioral risk factors included bad habits, lack of sleep and exercise. According to the results of a physical development study, 11.65 % of the boys and 10.93 % of the girls were overweight, 4.89 % of the boys and 3.68 % of the girls had classes I-III obesity while 29.03 % of the students were underweight. Bioelectrical impedance analysis showed a fat mass deficiency in 42.48 % and 33.29 % and an increased fat mass in 34.21 % and 43.20 % of the boy and girl students, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings will help determine directions for maintaining health of medical students.
Analisis Pola Pertumbuhan dan Morfometrik Udang Jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888) di Perairan Sekitar Bakoi, Sorong Selatan
Authors: Sala Ridwan , Bawole Roni , Bonggoibo Aldrin , Pattiasina Thomas Frans , Suruan Sampari , Runtuboi Ferawati
Published: April 2021

The waters of South Sorong have potential shrimp resources, including abundant banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888). This study aims to obtain information about the morphometric characteristics and growth of banana shrimp in the fishing area around the waters of Kampung Bakoi, South Sorong Regency, West Papua Province. Data collections were carried out in June and October 2019 using descriptive methods with direct observation techniques. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the total length of shrimp caught in Bakoi Village was in the range of 10 - 26.8 cm and the most were caught measuring 15.2 cm to 16.4 cm. The model of the relationship between length and weight of banana shrimp in Bakoi Village follows the equation Log W= 1,630+2,659 Log (L) or the form of negative allometric growth. Analysis of the relationship between total length (Y) and carapace length (X) (including rostrum) and the relationship between total length and carapace length (Z) (excluding rostrum) obtained the best estimator models, each following the logarithmic equations L = -2,188 + 10,226 Ln(PK) and L = 4,439 + 9,201 Ln(PKt) respectively.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: KOVAL Svitlana , HRYTSYSHYNA Liudmyla
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The successful operation of any economic entity is largely determined by the financial resources at its disposal. The household sector is an integral part of the national economy, where financial resources are formed to ensure their own livelihoods, there are distribution processes related to the filling of budgets and state trust funds, mobilize domestic investment for the national economy. The changes taking place in the socio-economic processes in Ukraine necessitate the intensification of scientific efforts aimed at studying the peculiarities of the formation of financial resources of households in modern conditions.

The purpose of the article is to explore approaches to defining the essence of the concept of “financial resources of households”, to identify the features of their formation in modern conditions and to suggest ways to optimize them.

Methods. A system of general scientific and special research methods was used: analysis, synthesis and generalization – in the study of literary and statistical sources; visualization method – for visual presentation of the processed data; abstract-logical method - to generalize the presented material and formulate conclusions.

Results. The concept of financial resources of households is studied. The main approaches to the interpretation of household financial resources are considered. It is substantiated that disclosing the essence of financial resources of households it is expedient to take into account: sources of formation, right of use, purpose of use. The own definition of the studied concept is offered. The dynamics of financial resources of households in terms of sources of formation is analyzed. It was found that the source of financial resources of domestic households are both their own income and borrowed funds. The main sources of household income are wages, social benefits and transfers. The dynamics of savings of Ukrainian households is considered. Structural analysis of loans provided by banking institutions revealed that domestic households are characterized by borrowing funds mainly in the form of consumer loans to ensure the viability of the household, improving cultural and living conditions, purchase of durable goods.