bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between local and systemic injection of adenosine for detecting dormant conduction after PV isolation
Authors: Cha Myung‐Jin , Choi Eue‐Keun , Oh Seil
Published: May 2017

Background

Adenosine administration after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is effective for identifying dormant conduction (DC). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of local injection of adenosine into the PV with systemic intravenous injection.

Methods

After complete PV isolation was performed, adenosine was injected directly into the PV (local method, 6–18 mg) and the femoral vein (systemic method, 12–30 mg) sequentially. We compared the incidence of DC and the hemodynamic effect of adenosine between the methods.

Results

We analyzed 150 PVs in 40 patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation. A total of 16 DCs were seen in 14 patients with either the local or systemic method. Among them, two DCs were detected only by the local method (detection rate: local 10.7% vs systemic 9.3%). The effective doses of adenosine required to induce atrioventricular (AV) block or detect DC were 7.7 ± 3.1 mg (local) and 13.1 ± 3.4 mg (systemic), respectively (P < 0.001). The time interval between adenosine injection and AV block was shorter with the local than systemic method (5.8 seconds vs 11.7 seconds, P < 0.001). Six DCs (four with local and two with systemic method) were detected without manifested AV block. Additionally, there were fewer decrements in blood pressure with the local than systemic method.

Conclusion

Local adenosine injection via the PV was comparable to systemic administration for detecting DC after PV isolation. Furthermore, the local method required a smaller dose of adenosine, took less time to induce AV block, and resulted in less systemic hemodynamic compromise than did the systemic method.
Successful ablation of a right atrium−axillary ventricular accessory pathway associated with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Long Deyong , Dong Jianzeng , Tao Ling , Ma Changsheng
Published: May 2017

We report a case of a patient with right axillary ventricular. Similar congenital anomaly of the right atrium was reported as “right appendage diverticulum or right atrial diverticulum.” However, this independent chamber has its own annulus, synchronizes with the right ventricular, and generates large ventricular potential. Under the guidance of the CARTO mapping system (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA), a right atrioventricular accessory pathway associated with type B Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome was ablated successfully. This pathway was close to the annulus of the axillary ventricular. The patient remained free of arrhythmia at 1‐year follow‐up.
Baroreceptor stimulation in a patient with preexisting subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Weipert Kay F. , Andrick Jens , Chasan Ritvan , Gemein Christopher , Most Astrid , Hamm Christian W. , Erkapic Damir , Schmitt Joern
Published: May 2017

Background

Many patients with severe heart failure (HF) have an indication for baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) and an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD). Concerns about device‐device interactions were addressed in a study with small sample size that concluded combined BAT and ICD therapy is safe. There are no published data, however, concerning device‐device interactions between BAT and a subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD). Since BAT frequently interferes with surface electrocardiogram recordings, there are doubts about compatibility of BAT and S‐ICD devices.

Case Description

A 54‐year‐old male patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction received an S‐ICD after recurrent systemic infections due to a diabetic foot syndrome, ultimately associated with infective endocarditis. Since medical HF therapy could not be further optimized and the patient presented with persistent cardiac decompensations, he was evaluated for BAT. Preoperatively, the barostim was epicutaneously placed on the patient's thorax with conductive gel in order to evaluate a possible interference with the S‐ICD. Positioning of the barostim in loco typico did not affect the S‐ICD's sensing in any vector. Only positioning of the carotis sinus lead directly upon the S‐ICD lead, which is beyond clinical relevance, lead to missensing. Subsequently, BAT was implanted with successful perioperative testing of the S‐ICD: there was accurate detection of ventricular fibrillation and immediate termination via first shock delivery under maximum barostim output.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, there are no other reports in which a barostim was safely implanted in a patient with a preexisting S‐ICD. Until data with large patient numbers are available, individual perioperative testing is highly recommended.
Automated verification of pulmonary vein isolation in radiofrequency‐ and cryoballoon‐guided ablation
Authors: De Pooter Jan , Phlips Thomas , El Haddad Milad , Van Heuverswyn Frederic , Timmers Liesbeth , Tavernier René , Knecht Sebastien , Vandekerckhove Yves , Duytschaever Mattias
Published: May 2017

Background

Verification of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) can be challenging due to the coexistence of pulmonary vein potentials and far‐field potentials. This study aimed to prospectively validate a novel algorithm for automated verification of PVI in radiofrequency (RF)‐guided and cryoballoon (CB)‐guided ablation strategies.

Methods

A data set of 620 (RF: 516 EGMs and CB: 104 EGMs) bipolar electrograms (EGM), recorded by circular mapping catheter placed at the left atrium‐pulmonary vein (PV) junction, were prospectively analyzed by a two‐step algorithm. The algorithm differentiates isolated from nonisolated EGMs based on typology and specific parameters of the bipolar EGMs. EGMs were recorded at baseline and after proven isolation in RF‐ and CB‐guided procedures. Additionally, in the RF group, EGMs during encircling of the PVs were analyzed.

Results

In the RF and CB group, the algorithm correctly identifies EGMs as isolated or nonisolated with respectively 93% and 96% sensitivity and 86% and 90% specificity. In the RF subgroups of (1) baseline and proven isolated EGMs, (2) EGMs during encircling, and (3) EGMs in redo procedures sensitivity was 96%, 88%, and 100%, respectively, with specificity of 81%, 91%, and 100%. Fourteen out of 14 (100%) reconnected PVs were correctly identified as containing PVPs. Eleven out of 12 (92%) failed freeze attempts were correctly identified as being nonisolated.

Conclusion

We validated a two‐step algorithm for automated PVI verification, applicable both for RF‐ and CB‐guided PVI. The algorithm automatically differentiates isolated from nonisolated PVs with high accuracy and without the need for pacing maneuvers.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the transverse colon: A rare tumor entity with literature review
Authors: Han Fei , Jiang Hong , Zhang Suxia
Published: May 2017

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare entity. Here, we report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the transverse colon in a 77‐year‐old woman who presented with a 2‐month history of epigastrium pain, diarrhea and melena. A giant tumor with apparently invading gallbladder was found by enhanced CT scan, then the extended resection of transverse colon was performed for the patient 2 weeks later. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of solid nests of epidermoid and Periodic Acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐positive mucin‐producing cells with desmoplastic stroma. The epidermoid component of the tumor contained intercellular bridges and individual cell keratinization. Thus, the case was diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the transverse colon. Unfortunately, despite chemotherapy, the patient developed systemic failure and died 7 months postoperatively.
Contemporary Marian apparitions and devotional cultures
Authors: Krebs Jill M.
Published: May 2017

Marian apparitions and devotions since the early 19th century have been unique enough to consider them on their own terms. In what devotees have dubbed the “Marian Age,” apparitions tend toward conservative politics and messages; a context of struggle; ambiguous attitudes toward modernity, globalization, and technology; and apocalyptic worldviews. Many of these modern apparitions are interconnected, becoming validated through their overlaps, continuities, and congruencies alongside—and often outside—traditional channels of Roman Catholic Church leadership. Apparitions and the devotional cultures associated with them raise for scholars important questions, including the problem of how they should be categorized and studied.
Self‐rated physical fitness and estimated maximal oxygen uptake in relation to all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Solomon A. , Borodulin K. , Ngandu T. , Kivipelto M. , Laatikainen T. , Kulmala J.
Published: May 2017

This study investigated the longitudinal associations of self‐rated physical fitness and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. A total of 59 741 participants in the Finnish National FINRISK Study Cohort had data on self‐rated physical fitness and covariates. A subsample of 4823 participants had estimated VO2max data. Follow‐up ranged from 3 to 38 years. Associations of self‐rated physical fitness and VO2max with mortality were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The study showed that poor self‐rated physical fitness was related to all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8‐2.0) and mortality due to cardiovascular (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9‐2.2), cerebrovascular (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6‐2.2) and respiratory diseases (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9‐2.4), trauma (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3‐2.0), infections (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3‐2.7), dementia (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6‐2.3), and cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5‐1.9). Coexisting higher age, physical inactivity, male gender, and severe chronic conditions further increased the risk. In men, higher VO2max was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer mortality (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7‐0.96). Based on the results, self‐rated physical fitness reflects a combination of unfavorable biological and lifestyle‐related factors, which increase mortality risk. A simple question about perceived physical fitness may reveal at‐risk individuals who would benefit from more intensive treatment of chronic conditions and other interventions aiming to promote better fitness and well‐being.
Hamstring injury prevention in soccer: Before or after training?
Authors: Lovell R. , Knox M. , Weston M. , Siegler J. C. , Brennan S. , Marshall P. W. M.
Published: May 2017

We examined the effects of a 12‐week program of Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE), administered before or after football training, upon eccentric hamstring strength, muscle activity, and architectural adaptations. Amateur soccer players were randomized into three groups. The control group (CON; n=11) undertook core stability exercises, whereas a periodized NHE program was delivered either before (NHEBEF; n=10) or after (NHEAFT; n=14) biweekly training sessions. Outcome measures included peak torque and concomitant normalized peak surface electromyography signals (sEMG) of the biceps femoris (BF) and medial hamstring (MH) muscles during knee flexor maximal eccentric contractions, performed at 30°·s−1. Ultrasonography was used to determine BF muscle thickness, muscle fiber pennation angle, and fascicle length. Performing the NHE derived likely moderate peak torque increases in both NHEBEF (+11.9%; 90% confidence interval: 3.6%‐20.9%) and NHEAFT (+11.6%; 2.6%‐21.5%) vs CON. Maximum sEMG increases were moderately greater in the BF of both NHE training groups vs CON. There were likely moderate increases in BF muscle thickness (+0.17 cm; 0.05‐0.29 cm) and likely small pennation angle increases (+1.03°; −0.08° to 2.14°) in NHEAFT vs CON and NHEBEF. BF fascicle length increases were likely greater in NHEBEF (+1.58 cm; 0.48‐2.68 cm; small effect) vs CON and NHEAFT. A 12‐week eccentric hamstring strengthening program increased strength and sEMG to a similar magnitude irrespective of its scheduling relative to the football training session. However, architectural adaptations to support the strength gains differed according to the timing of the injury prevention program.
Toward a social psychology of survey methodology: An application of the approach and directions for the future
Authors: Brenner Philip S.
Published: May 2017

Survey methodology is a relatively new academic discipline focused on understanding sources of survey errors. As an interdisciplinary field, survey methodology borrows theoretical approaches from other disciplines and applies them to understand how survey respondents answer questions. One field in particular, cognitive psychology, has played a central role in the development of survey methodology. The cognitive approach has focused researchers' attentions on the sources of error at each stage of the cognitive process respondents use to answer a survey question: comprehension of the question, recollection of relevant information, estimation and judgment, and reporting an answer. Although this focus on the cognitive response process has been positive and fruitful, potentially strong social and interactional influences on the response process have been underinvestigated and undertheorized. Thus, this essay argues for a revitalized research program in the sociological social psychology of survey methodology, given its rich body of theory and research. The current strengths of social psychological and interactional approaches are highlighted, focusing primarily on recent work using identity theory to understand social desirability biases. Finally, potentially fruitful future directions for research are proposed, matching sociological social psychological theories to the survey errors upon which they may shed light.
Identification of a novel HLA‐B*27 variant, B*27:112, by sequence‐based typing in a Taiwanese donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lin P. Y.
Published: May 2017

One nucleotide substitution at residue 74 of HLA‐B*27:04:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*27:112.
‘Studies have shown that …’ how to read a statistical study
Authors: Daniels John E.
Published: May 2017

This article provides some background for a classroom discussion of statistical research studies. The history of cigarettes and warning labels in the USA is reviewed here in order to demonstrate the challenges of statistical research and communication.
Mentoring undergraduates in cartography and geographic information science: An apprenticeship model
Authors: Tian Jing
Published: May 2017

Undergraduates' participation in research has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of critical, technical thinking and problem‐solving skills, increase confidence, and enhance interest in research and graduate studies. For fields like cartography and geographic information science (GIS), teaching content should be up‐to‐date. Furthermore, practice plays a key role in daily teaching and learning. Therefore, research participation is of great significance for undergraduates majoring in cartography and GIS. Here a mentoring method is proposed for undergraduates, based on the apprenticeship model which combines mentoring functions and styles. Thirty‐one undergraduates were mentored using the method. An evaluation based on objective outcomes and subjective self‐perceptions showed that the mentoring method was effective: 71% of the subjects contributed to at least one peer‐reviewed paper or software program. Possible factors affecting the mentoring results include the length of time the undergraduates were involved in mentorship and engaged in research. The longer the undergraduates participated in the mentorship and the more time they spent on research, the more numerous their achievements. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in the following areas: Changes in attitudes toward learning and research, enhanced career/graduate school preparation and personal gains. Significant differences in “learning ethical conduct” and “professional skills” were observed between genders.
Investigating first‐stage exchange rate pass‐through: Sectoral and macro evidence from euro area countries
Authors: Ben Cheikh Nidhaleddine , Rault Christophe
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we evaluate the first‐stage pass‐through, namely the responsiveness of import prices to the exchange rate changes, for a sample of euro area (EA) countries. Our study aimed to shed further light on the role of microeconomic factors versus macroeconomic factors in influencing the extent of the exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT). As a first step, we conduct a sectoral analysis using disaggregated import prices data. We find a much higher degree of pass‐through for more homogeneous goods and commodities, such as oil and raw materials, than for highly differentiated manufactured products, such as machinery and transport equipment. Our results confirm that cross‐country differences in pass‐through rates may be due to divergences in the product composition of imports. The higher share of imports from sectors with lower degrees of pass‐through, the lower ERPT for an economy will be. In a next step, we investigate for the impact of some macroeconomics factors or common events experienced by EA members on the extent of pass‐through. Using the system generalised method of moments within a dynamic panel‐data model, our estimates indicate that decline of import‐price sensitivity to the exchange rate is not significant since the introduction of the single currency. Our findings suggest instead that the weakness of the euro during the first 3 years of the monetary union significantly raised the extent of the ERPT. This outcome could explain why the sensitivity of import prices has not fallen since 1999. We also point out a significant role played by the inflation in the Eurozone, as the responsiveness of import prices to exchange rate fluctuations tends to decline in a low and more stable inflation environment. Overall, our findings support the view that the extent of pass‐through is comprised of both macro‐ and microeconomic aspects that policymakers should take into account.
A map of the phosphoproteomic alterations that occur after a bout of maximal‐intensity contractions
Authors: Potts Gregory K. , McNally Rachel M. , Blanco Rocky , You Jae‐Sung , Hebert Alexander S. , Westphall Michael S. , Coon Joshua J. , Hornberger Troy A.
Published: May 2017

Key points

Mechanical signals play a critical role in the regulation of muscle mass, but the molecules that sense mechanical signals and convert this stimulus into the biochemical events that regulate muscle mass remain ill‐defined.

Here we report a mass spectrometry‐based workflow to study the changes in protein phosphorylation that occur in mouse skeletal muscle 1 h after a bout of electrically evoked maximal‐intensity contractions (MICs).

Our dataset provides the first comprehensive map of the MIC‐regulated phosphoproteome.

Using unbiased bioinformatics approaches, we demonstrate that our dataset leads to the identification of many well‐known MIC‐regulated signalling pathways, as well as to a plethora of novel MIC‐regulated events.

We expect that our dataset will serve as a fundamentally important resource for muscle biologists, and help to lay the foundation for entirely new hypotheses in the field.

The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is essential for health and quality of life. It is well recognized that maximal‐intensity contractions, such as those which occur during resistance exercise, promote an increase in muscle mass. Yet, the molecules that sense the mechanical information and convert it into the signalling events (e.g. phosphorylation) that drive the increase in muscle mass remain undefined. Here we describe a phosphoproteomics workflow to examine the effects of electrically evoked maximal‐intensity contractions (MICs) on protein phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle. While a preliminary phosphoproteomics experiment successfully identified a number of MIC‐regulated phosphorylation events, a large proportion of these identifications were present on highly abundant myofibrillar proteins. We subsequently incorporated a centrifugation‐based fractionation step to deplete the highly abundant myofibrillar proteins and performed a second phosphoproteomics experiment. In total, we identified 5983 unique phosphorylation sites of which 663 were found to be regulated by MIC. GO term enrichment, phosphorylation motif analyses, and kinase‐substrate predictions indicated that the MIC‐regulated phosphorylation sites were chiefly modified by mTOR, as well as multiple isoforms of the MAPKs and CAMKs. Moreover, a high proportion of the regulated phosphorylation sites were found on proteins that are associated with the Z‐disc, with over 74% of the Z‐disc proteins experiencing robust changes in phosphorylation. Finally, our analyses revealed that the phosphorylation state of two Z‐disc kinases (striated muscle‐specific serine/threonine protein kinase and obscurin) was dramatically altered by MIC, and we propose ways these kinases could play a fundamental role in skeletal muscle mechanotransduction.
Axial Load Capacity of Cold Formed Pipe Flange Connection
Authors: Henriksen Jan , Hansen Michael R. , Thrane Fredrik Christopher
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a cold forming process is used where the connection between a pipe and a flange is created by means of radially expanding tool segments inside the pipe. The method is investigated with two purposes, to set up a robust procedure for the process that allows for connections to be made on site, and to set up finite element (FE) simulations that can capture the forces and deformations when pulling the pipe axially out of the flange. Experimental data and FE simulations are used to describe and understand the forces and deformations during the connection process. The rapid increase in radial stiffness experienced when the pipe comes in full circumferential contact with the flange is identified as the best end-of-process indicator. Also, experimental data and FE simulations are used to predict the axial load capacity of a pipe flange connection, and the FE model is utilized in designing the appropriate ridge height of the tool segments.
Analytical Characteristic Equation of N Identical Evacuated Tubular Collectors Integrated Double Slope Solar Still
Authors: Singh Desh B. , Tiwari Gopal N.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, analytical expression for characteristic equation of double slope solar still (DS) included with series connected N identical evacuated tubular collectors (N-ETC-DS) has been developed. The derivation is based on fundamental energy balance equations for various components of the proposed system. The analytical result of the proposed N-ETC-DS has been compared with results reported by earlier researchers for the same basin area under similar climatic condition. It has been concluded that daily energy efficiency is higher by 23.90%, 26.45%, and 42.65% for N-ETC-DS than N identical partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound parabolic concentrator collectors (CPC) integrated double slope solar still, N identical partially covered PVT flat plate collectors (FPC) integrated double slope solar still, and conventional double slope solar still (CDS), respectively, at 0.14 m water depth under optimized condition. Moreover, daily yield, exergy, energy and exergy efficiency have been computed.
CTCF facilitates DNA double-strand break repair by enhancing homologous recombination repair
Authors: Hilmi Khalid , Jangal Maïka , Marques Maud , Zhao Tiejun , Saad Amine , Zhang Chenxi , Luo Vincent M. , Syme Alasdair , Rejon Carlis , Yu Zhenbao , Krum Asiev , Fabian Marc R. , Richard Stéphane , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay , Orthwein Alexander , McCaffrey Luke , Witcher Michael
Published: May 2017

A new role for the multifunctional protein CTCF in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks is discovered.
Global disparity in the supply of commercial weather and climate information services
Authors: Georgeson Lucien , Maslin Mark , Poessinouw Martyn
Published: May 2017

Some weather and climate data are freely available, but major disparities exist in access to specialized information services.
High seismic attenuation at a mid-ocean ridge reveals the distribution of deep melt
Authors: Eilon Zachary C. , Abers Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2017

Seismic attenuation beneath a mid-ocean ridge indicates a deep, narrow column of mantle melt, implying buoyant upwelling.
Inducing superconductivity in Weyl semimetal microstructures by selective ion sputtering
Authors: Bachmann Maja D. , Nair Nityan , Flicker Felix , Ilan Roni , Meng Tobias , Ghimire Nirmal J. , Bauer Eric D. , Ronning Filip , Analytis James G. , Moll Philip J. W.
Published: May 2017

Novel ion beam–based method induces superconductivity in Weyl semimetal microstructures.
A submillimeter building boom
Authors: Schilling Govert
Published: May 2017

Cut-rate dishes open new views of cool gas and dust.
How the Himalayas primed the Indonesian tsunami
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: May 2017

Sediment could also boost risk for Iran and U.S. northwest
Tudor-SN–mediated endonucleolytic decay of human cell microRNAs promotes G
1
/S phase transition
Authors: Elbarbary Reyad A. , Miyoshi Keita , Myers Jason R. , Du Peicheng , Ashton John M. , Tian Bin , Maquat Lynne E.
Published: May 2017

Breaking down miRNAs

Although much work has examined microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, relatively little is known about miRNA decay. Elbarbary
et al.
now identify Tudor-SN, an endonuclease that interacts with the RNA-induced silencing complex. Tudor-SN targets miRNAs at CA and UA dinucleotides located more than five nucleotides from miRNA ends. Tudor-SN-mediated miRNA decay removes miRNAs that silence genes encoding proteins that are critical for the G
1
-to-S phase transition in the cell cycle.

Science
, this issue p.
859
Submillihertz magnetic spectroscopy performed with a nanoscale quantum sensor
Authors: Schmitt Simon , Gefen Tuvia , Stürner Felix M. , Unden Thomas , Wolff Gerhard , Müller Christoph , Scheuer Jochen , Naydenov Boris , Markham Matthew , Pezzagna Sebastien , Meijer Jan , Schwarz Ilai , Plenio Martin , Retzker Alex , McGuinness Liam P. , Jelezko Fedor
Published: May 2017

Enhancing quantum sensing

The quantum properties of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect in diamond can be used as an atomic compass needle that is sensitive to tiny variations in magnetic field. Schmitt
et al.
and Boss
et al.
successfully enhanced this sensitivity by several orders of magnitude (see the Perspective by Jordan). They applied a sequence of pulses to the NV center, the timing of which was set by and compared with a highly stable oscillator. This allowed them to measure the frequency of an oscillating magnetic field (megahertz bandwidth) with submillihertz resolution. Such enhanced precision measurement could be applied, for example, to improve nuclear magnetic resonance-based imaging protocols of single molecules.

Science
, this issue p.
832
, p.
837
; see also p.
802
Jupiter’s magnetosphere and aurorae observed by the Juno spacecraft during its first polar orbits
Authors: Connerney J. E. P. , Adriani A. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Bonfond B. , Cowley S. W. H. , Gerard J.-C. , Gladstone G. R. , Grodent D. , Hospodarsky G. , Jorgensen J. L. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. M. , Mauk B. , McComas D. J. , Mura A. , Paranicas C. , Smith E. J. , Thorne R. M. , Valek P. , Waite J.
Published: May 2017

Juno swoops around giant Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. NASA's Juno spacecraft arrived at Jupiter on 4 July 2016 and made its first close pass on 27 August 2016. Bolton
et al.
present results from Juno's flight just above the cloud tops, including images of weather in the polar regions and measurements of the magnetic and gravitational fields. Juno also used microwaves to peer below the visible surface, spotting gas welling up from the deep interior. Connerney
et al.
measured Jupiter's aurorae and plasma environment, both as Juno approached the planet and during its first close orbit.

Science
, this issue p.
821
, p.
826
Robot-induced perturbations of human walking reveal a selective generation of motor adaptation
Authors: Cajigas Iahn , Koenig Alexander , Severini Giacomo , Smith Maurice , Bonato Paolo
Published: May 2017

An exoskeleton reveals that walking humans adapt to changes in step length and height by maximizing locomotor stability.
Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Luminex Aries Flu A/B & RSV Assay for Pediatric and Adult Respiratory Tract Specimens
Authors: Juretschko Stefan , Mahony James , Buller Richard S. , Manji Ryhana , Dunbar Sherry , Walker Kimberly , Rao Arundhati
Published: May 2017

Influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are three common viruses implicated in seasonal respiratory tract infections and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. In recent years, an increasing number of commercial molecular tests have become available to diagnose respiratory viral infections. The Luminex Aries Flu A/B & RSV assay is a fully automated sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of influenza A, influenza B, and RSV. The clinical performance of the Aries Flu A/B & RSV assay was prospectively evaluated in comparison to that of the Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) at four North American clinical institutions over a 2-year period. Of the 2,479 eligible nasopharyngeal swab specimens included in the prospective study, 2,371 gave concordant results between the assays. One hundred eight specimens generated results that were discordant with those from the xTAG RVP and were further analyzed by bidirectional sequencing. Final clinical sensitivity values of the Aries Flu A/B & RSV assay were 98.1% for influenza A virus, 98.0% for influenza B virus, and 97.7% for RSV. Final clinical specificities for all three pathogens ranged from 98.6% to 99.8%. Due to the low prevalence of influenza B, an additional 40 banked influenza B-positive specimens were tested at the participating clinical laboratories and were all accurately detected by the Aries Flu A/B & RSV assay. This study demonstrates that the Aries Flu A/B & RSV assay is a suitable method for rapid and accurate identification of these causative pathogens in respiratory infections.
Evaluating and Improving Vitek MS for Identification of Clinically Relevant Species of Trichosporon and the Closely Related Genera Cutaneotrichosporon and Apiotrichum
Authors: de Almeida João N. , Favero Gimenes Viviane M. , Francisco Elaine C. , Machado Siqueira Lumena P. , Gonçalves de Almeida Renato K. , Guitard Juliette , Hennequin Christophe , Colombo Arnaldo L. , Benard Gil , Rossi Flavia
Published: May 2017

Trichosporon
species are relevant etiologic agents of hospital-acquired infections. High mortality rates are attributed to
Trichosporon
deep-seated infections in immunocompromised individuals, making fast and accurate species identification relevant for hastening the discovery of best-targeted therapy. Recently,
Trichosporon
taxonomy has been reassessed, and three genera have been proposed for the pathogenic species:
Trichosporon
,
Cutaneotrichosporon
, and
Apiotrichum
. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has replaced old phenotypic methods for microorganism identification in clinical laboratories, but spectral profile databases have to be evaluated and improved for optimal species identification performance. Vitek MS (bioMérieux) is one of the commercially available MALDI-TOF MS platforms for pathogen identification, and its spectral profile databases remain poorly evaluated for
Trichosporon
,
Cutaneotrichosporon
, and
Apiotrichum
species identification. We herein evaluated and improved Vitek MS for the identification of the main clinical relevant species of
Trichosporon
,
Cutaneotrichosporon
, and
Apiotrichum
using a large set of strains and isolates belonging to different yeast collections in Brazil and France.
Structure of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Spikes Bound with CD4 and Monoclonal Antibody 36D5
Authors: Hu Guiqing , Liu Jun , Roux Kenneth H. , Taylor Kenneth A.
Published: May 2017

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope spike (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. The V3 loop of the gp120 component of the Env trimer contributes to the coreceptor binding site and is a target for neutralizing antibodies. We used cryo-electron tomography to visualize the binding of CD4 and the V3 loop monoclonal antibody (MAb) 36D5 to gp120 of the SIV Env trimer. Our results show that 36D5 binds gp120 at the base of the V3 loop and suggest that the antibody exerts its neutralization effect by blocking the coreceptor binding site. The antibody does this without altering the dynamics of the spike motion between closed and open states when CD4 is bound. The interaction between 36D5 and SIV gp120 is similar to the interaction between some broadly neutralizing anti-V3 loop antibodies and HIV-1 gp120. Two conformations of gp120 bound with CD4 are revealed, suggesting an intrinsic dynamic nature of the liganded Env trimer. CD4 binding substantially increases the binding of 36D5 to gp120 in the intact Env trimer, consistent with CD4-induced changes in the conformation of gp120 and the antibody binding site. Binding by MAb 36D5 does not substantially alter the proportions of the two CD4-bound conformations. The position of MAb 36D5 at the V3 base changes little between conformations, indicating that the V3 base serves as a pivot point during the transition between these two states.

IMPORTANCE
Glycoprotein spikes on the surfaces of SIV and HIV are the sole targets available to the immune system for antibody neutralization. Spikes evade the immune system by a combination of a thick layer of polysaccharide on the surface (the glycan shield) and movement between spike domains that masks the epitope conformation. Using SIV virions whose spikes were “decorated” with the primary cellular receptor (CD4) and an antibody (36D5) at part of the coreceptor binding site, we visualized multiple conformations trapped by the rapid freezing step, which were separated using statistical analysis. Our results show that the CD4-induced conformational dynamics of the spike enhances binding of the antibody.
Extracellular Interactions between Hepatitis C Virus and Secreted Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Li Zhihua , Li Yadong , Bi Yanwei , Zhang Hui , Yao Yufeng , Li Qihan , Cun Wei , Dong Shaozhong
Published: May 2017

Interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lipoproteins in humans play an important role in the efficient establishment of chronic infection. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on the HCV envelope mediates virus attachment to host cells as well as immune evasion. This interaction is thought to occur in hepatocytes, as ApoE plays dual functions in HCV assembly and maturation as well as cell attachment. In the present study, we found that secreted ApoE (sApoE) can also bind to viral particles via its C-terminal domain after HCV is released from the cell. Furthermore, the binding affinity of interactions between the sApoE N terminus and cell surface receptors affected HCV infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. The extracellular binding of sApoE to HCV is dependent on HCV envelope proteins, and recombinant HCV envelope proteins are also able to bind to sApoE. These results suggest that extracellular interactions between HCV and sApoE may potentially complicate vaccine development and studies of viral pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
End-stage liver disease caused by chronic HCV infection remains a clinical challenge, and there is an urgent need for a prophylactic method of controlling HCV infection. Because host immunity against HCV is poorly understood, additional investigations of host-virus interactions in the context of HCV are important. HCV is primarily transmitted through blood, which is rich in lipoproteins. Therefore, it is of interest to further determine how HCV interacts with lipoproteins in human blood. In this study, we found that secreted ApoE (sApoE), an exchangeable component found in lipoproteins, participates in extracellular interactions with HCV virions. More significantly, different variants of sApoE differentially affect HCV infection efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide greater insight into HCV infection and host immunity and could help propel the development of new strategies for preventing HCV infection.
Electrical and optical properties of Si-doped Ga2O3
Authors: Li Yin , Yang Chuanghua , Wu Liyuan , Zhang Ru
Published: May 2017

The charge densities, band structure, density of states, dielectric functions of Si-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 have been investigated based on the density functional theory (DFT) within the hybrid functional HSE06. The heavy doping makes conduction band split out more bands and further influences the band structure. It decreases the band gap and changes from a direct gap to an indirect gap. After doping, the top of the valence bands is mainly composed by the O-2p states, Si-3p states and Ga-4p states and the bottom of the conduction bands is almost formed by the Si-3s, Si-3p and Ga-4s orbits. The anisotropic optical properties have been investigated by means of the complex dielectric function. After the heavy Si doping, the position of absorption band edges did not change much. The slope of the absorption curve descends and indicates that the absorption became more slow for Si-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 than undoped one due to the indirect gap of Si-doped [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3.
Well-posedness and stability for a class of stochastic delay differential equations with singular drift
Authors: Bachmann Stefan
Published: May 2017

In this paper we prove well-posedness and stability of a class of stochastic delay differential equations with singular drift. Moreover, we show local well-posedness under localized assumptions.
The annihilation graphs of commutator posets and lattices with respect to an ideal
Authors: Mehdi-Nezhad Elham , Rahimi Amir M.
Published: May 2017

As an extension of [Formula: see text] (the annihilation graph of the commutator poset (lattice) [Formula: see text] with respect to an element [Formula: see text]), we discuss when [Formula: see text] (the annihilation graph of the commutator poset (lattice) [Formula: see text] with respect to an ideal [Formula: see text]) is a complete bipartite ([Formula: see text]-partite) graph together with some of its other graph-theoretic properties. We investigate the interplay between some (order-) lattice-theoretic properties of [Formula: see text] and graph-theoretic properties of its associated graph [Formula: see text]. We provide some examples to show that some conditions are not superfluous assumptions. We prove and show by a counterexample that the class of lower sets of a commutator poset [Formula: see text] is properly contained in the class of [Formula: see text]-ideals of [Formula: see text] (i.e. multiplicatively absorptive ideals (sets) of [Formula: see text] that are defined by commutator operation).
Temperature-Dependent Magnetic Damping Constant of Fe2Co Films Doped by Rare-Earth Yb
Authors: Wu Kai , Li Dong , Guo Xiaobin , Cui Baoshan , Yun Jijun , Zuo Yalu , Xi L.
Published: May 2017

The temperature-dependent magnetic properties are investigated in amorphous (Fe2Co)[Formula: see text]Ybx ([Formula: see text], 0.64) thin films with in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The decreases of saturation magnetization and easy axis coercivity with increasing temperature were observed and quite well explained by the Bloch’s law of [Formula: see text] dependence based on three-dimensional (3D) spin wave excitations and the thermally activated domain wall motion model of [Formula: see text] dependence, respectively. The decrease of in-plane uniaxial anisotropy constant is also observed and can be quite well fitted at temperature below 300[Formula: see text]K. The magnetic damping constant, which was deduced from the angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance spectra, shows a minima over the temperature range 100–435[Formula: see text]K, just like the previous results from 3D-transition metals based on Kamberský’s torque-correlation model. However, a positive correlation between damping and the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy constant was obtained with a clear deviation from the linear relationship. This deviation indicates that temperature-dependent damping and anisotropy may have different origins instead of the common source of the temperature-dependent spin-orbital coupling strength.
Efficient implementation of the hybrid method for stochastic simulation of biochemical systems
Authors: Wang S. , Chen M. , Watson L. T. , Cao Y.
Published: May 2017

Stochastic effect in cellular systems has been an important topic in systems biology. Stochastic modeling and simulation methods are important tools to study stochastic effect. Given the low efficiency of stochastic simulation algorithms, the hybrid method, which combines an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system with a stochastic chemically reacting system, shows its unique advantages in the modeling and simulation of biochemical systems. The efficiency of the hybrid method is usually limited by reactions in the stochastic subsystem, which are modeled and simulated using Gillespie’s framework and frequently interrupt the integration of the ODE subsystem. In this paper, we develop an efficient implementation approach for the hybrid method coupled with traditional ODE solvers. We also compare the efficiency of the hybrid methods with three widely used ODE solvers RADAU5, DASSL, and DLSODAR. Numerical experiments with three biochemical models are presented. A detailed discussion is presented for the performances of three ODE solvers.
Remaining trouble spots with computational thinking
Authors: Denning Peter J.
Published: May 2017

Addressing unresolved questions concerning computational thinking.
Learnable programming
Authors: Bau David , Gray Jeff , Kelleher Caitlin , Sheldon Josh , Turbak Franklyn
Published: May 2017

New blocks frameworks open doors to greater experimentation for novices and professionals alike.
Current State of Text Sentiment Analysis from Opinion to Emotion Mining
Authors: Yadollahi Ali , Shahraki Ameneh Gholipour , Zaiane Osmar R.
Published: May 2017

Sentiment analysis from text consists of extracting information about opinions, sentiments, and even emotions conveyed by writers towards topics of interest. It is often equated to opinion mining, but it should also encompass emotion mining. Opinion mining involves the use of natural language processing and machine learning to determine the attitude of a writer towards a subject. Emotion mining is also using similar technologies but is concerned with detecting and classifying writers emotions toward events or topics. Textual emotion-mining methods have various applications, including gaining information about customer satisfaction, helping in selecting teaching materials in e-learning, recommending products based on users emotions, and even predicting mental-health disorders. In surveys on sentiment analysis, which are often old or incomplete, the strong link between opinion mining and emotion mining is understated. This motivates the need for a different and new perspective on the literature on sentiment analysis, with a focus on emotion mining. We present the state-of-the-art methods and propose the following contributions: (1) a taxonomy of sentiment analysis; (2) a survey on polarity classification methods and resources, especially those related to emotion mining; (3) a complete survey on emotion theories and emotion-mining research; and (4) some useful resources, including lexicons and datasets.
Balancing teaching CS efficiently with motivating students
Authors: Guzdial Mark
Published: May 2017

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Mark Guzdial suggests a new balance is needed in computer science education between discovery learning and direct instruction.
Automated quality control of forced oscillation measurements: respiratory artifact detection with advanced feature extraction
Authors: Pham Thuy T. , Leong Philip H. W. , Robinson Paul D. , Gutzler Thomas , Jee Adelle S. , King Gregory G. , Thamrin Cindy
Published: May 2017

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) can provide unique and clinically relevant lung function information with little cooperation with subjects. However, FOT has higher variability than spirometry, possibly because strategies for quality control and reducing artifacts in FOT measurements have yet to be standardized or validated. Many quality control procedures rely on either simple statistical filters or subjective evaluation by a human operator. In this study, we propose an automated artifact removal approach based on the resistance against flow profile, applied to complete breaths. We report results obtained from data recorded from children and adults, with and without asthma. Our proposed method has 76% agreement with a human operator for the adult data set and 79% for the pediatric data set. Furthermore, we assessed the variability of respiratory resistance measured by FOT using within-session variation (wCV) and between-session variation (bCV). In the asthmatic adults test data set, our method was again similar to that of the manual operator for wCV (6.5 vs. 6.9%) and significantly improved bCV (8.2 vs. 8.9%). Our combined automated breath removal approach based on advanced feature extraction offers better or equivalent quality control of FOT measurements compared with an expert operator and computationally more intensive methods in terms of accuracy and reducing intrasubject variability.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is gaining wider acceptance for clinical testing; however, strategies for quality control are still highly variable and require a high level of subjectivity. We propose an automated, complete breath approach for removal of respiratory artifacts from FOT measurements, using feature extraction and an interquartile range filter. Our approach offers better or equivalent performance compared with an expert operator, in terms of accuracy and reducing intrasubject variability.
An Observer-Based Controller with a LMI-Based Filter against Wind-Induced Motion for High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Chen Chao-Jun , Li Zuo-Hua , Teng Jun , Hu Wei-Hua , Wang Ying
Published: May 2017

Active mass damper (AMD) control system is proposed for high-rise buildings to resist a strong wind. However, negative influence of noise in sensors impedes the application of AMD systems in practice. To reduce the adverse influence of noise on AMD systems, a Kalman filter and a linear matrix inequality- (LMI-) based filter are designed. Firstly, a ten-year return period fluctuating wind load is simulated by mixed autoregressive-moving average (MARMA) method, and its reliability is tested by wind speed power spectrum and correlation analysis. Secondly, a designed state observer with different filters uses wind-induced acceleration responses of a high-rise building as the feedback signal that includes noise to calculate control force in this paper. Finally, these methods are applied to a numerical example of a high-rise building and an experiment of a single span four-storey steel frame. Both numerical and experimental results are presented to verify that both Kalman filter and LMI-based filter can effectively suppress noise, but only the latter can guarantee the stability of AMD parameters.