bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of endoscopy intervals on metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection: Comparison between 1 year and half‐a‐year
Authors: Ozeki Yuichiro , Hirasawa Kingo , Sawada Atsushi , Ikeda Ryosuke , Nishio Masafumi , Fukuchi Takehide , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Sato Chiko , Maeda Shin
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Japanese guidelines recommend posttreatment endoscopy once or twice a year after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. However, the impact of endoscopy intervals on metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) remains unclear, especially the difference between 1‐year and half‐a‐year intervals. We aimed to investigate this difference.

Methods

This study retrospectively investigated 2429 patients who underwent gastric ESD between May 2001 and June 2019 at our hospital. Patients who developed MGC were classified based on those who underwent the previous endoscopy within at least 7 months (short‐interval group) and within 8–13 months (regular‐interval group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for possible confounders. The primary outcome was the proportion of MGC beyond curative ESD criteria established in the guidelines.

Results

A total of 216 eligible patients developed MGC. The short‐ and regular‐interval groups included 43 and 173 patients, respectively. Overall, no patients in the short‐interval group had MGC beyond curative ESD criteria, while 27 patients in the regular‐interval group did. The proportion of MGC beyond curative ESD criteria was significantly lower in the short‐interval group than in the regular‐interval group before (P = 0.003) and after (P = 0.028) PSM. Although not significant, the short‐interval group tended to have a higher stomach preservation rate than the regular‐interval group (P = 0.093).

Conclusion

Our study indicated a possible benefit of biannual surveillance endoscopy in the early post‐ESD period.
Ex vivo expansion of primary cells from limb tissue of Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Sekiya Reiko , Li Tao‐Sheng
Published: May 2023

Pleurodeles waltl is coming to light as a model animal, especially in regeneration studies, but deep studies on the molecular mechanisms have been limited due to the absence of primary tissue cells for wide usage. Therefore, we aimed to grow primary cells from limb tissue of P. waltl for in vitro experiments. Limb tissues were cut into small pieces and seeded as “explants” on culture dishes coated with fibronectin and gelatin. Compared to the control without coating, both fibronectin and gelatin supported quicker outgrowth of cells from explants and faster cell adhesion, and fibronectin showed significantly better performance than gelatin. Interestingly, the doubling time of cells on fibronectin‐ and gelatin‐coated surfaces was almost the same (42.39 ± 2.79 h vs. 42.91 ± 3.69 h) and was not significantly different from that on non‐coated plates (49.64 ± 3.63 h). The cryopreserved cells were successfully recovered and showed a multiplication capacity that was similar to that of fresh cells. Senescent cells were barely detected even after long‐term sub‐culture (>15 passages). Moreover, enhanced fluorescence of MitoSOX™ Red in cells under H2O2 exposure confirmed the respondence to chemical stimuli. Collectively, our results show that we are able to grow enough good‐quality cells from P. waltl limb tissue for in vitro experiments, and fibronectin coating provides the best biocompatible environment for cell outgrowth and attachment.
Crosstalk between the mTOR and Hippo pathways
Authors: Honda Daichi , Okumura Misako , Chihara Takahiro
Published: May 2023

Cell behavior changes in response to multiple stimuli, such as growth factors, nutrients, and cell density. The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is activated by growth factors and nutrient stimuli to regulate cell growth and autophagy, whereas the Hippo pathway has negative effects on cell proliferation and tissue growth in response to cell density, DNA damage, and hormonal signals. These two signaling pathways must be precisely regulated and integrated for proper cell behavior. This integrative mechanism is not completely understood; nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that components of the mTOR and Hippo pathways interact with each other. Herein, as per contemporary knowledge, we review the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the mTOR and Hippo pathways in mammals and Drosophila. Moreover, we discuss the advantage of this interaction in terms of tissue growth and nutrient consumption.
Petro‐theology: Critical engagement with theologies of energy and extraction
Authors: Rowe Terra Schwerin
Published: May 2023

This essay serves as a more extended introduction to many of the themes, concerns, and aims of this issue. Along these lines, key terms and discourses like extractivism, energy humanities, and petroculture studies are introduced. The essay elaborates two key claims: energy has been theological (and not just techno‐scientific) and analysis of current energy concerns (including climate change) need to be theorized and addressed in relation to land. These claims call for approaches to an energy‐driven climate crisis that attend to theo‐philosophical assumptions of energy and extraction and point to the significance of energy humanities approaches. Engagement with energy and extractivism humanities leads to a call for further attention to three different areas within Christian energy ethics and Religion & Environmentalism scholarship: (1) an approach to Christian energy ethics that better accounts for the theo‐philosophical gendered, racialized, and colonial implications of energy concepts, (2) closer attention to mineralogies and geologies among ecotheologians and 3) critical assessment of convergences of creation and redemption theologies for extractive aims.
Reducing spasticity does not prevent hip displacement in cerebral palsy
Authors: Graham Kerr , Rutz Erich , Thomason Pam , Willoughby Kate
Published: May 2023

This letter to the editor is on the commentary by Gormley on pages 1003–1004 of this issue.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy does not prevent hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Howard Jason J. , Shrader M. Wade
Published: May 2023

This letter to the editor is on the commentary by Gormley on pages 1003–1004 of this issue.
From Virtue Argumentation to Virtue Dialogue Theory: How Aristotle Shifts the Conversation for Virtue Theory and Education*
Authors: Finley Cassie
Published: May 2023

Andrew Aberdein recently explored whether Aristotle held a (proto‐)virtue argumentation theory, which would evaluate a good argument in terms of whether the arguers engaged virtuously. Aberdein admits, however, that connections between virtue, character, and argumentation are scarce within Aristotle's works. Accordingly, here Cassie Finley approaches this question from a different angle, comparing Aristotle's concepts of dialectic and rhetoric with virtue theories of argumentation. She argues that the essential features of dialectic and rhetoric are in tension with the defining characteristics of virtue argumentation theories. However, this tension raises a deeper methodological tension within virtue argumentation theories regarding their “intuitive” conception of arguments. Finley outlines a more viable route forward for virtue argumentation theorists, one that dissolves this tension through reframing their project as a virtue dialogue theory. This shift toward dialogue would help to assuage the main objections to virtue argumentation theories regarding adversariality, incompleteness, and vulnerability to ad hominems. At the same time, developing toward a virtue dialogue theory better aligns with the intuitive sense of engaging well with others that defines the virtue argumentation project, and it also more fruitfully sets up the project to encourage future scholarship connecting virtue ethics, virtue epistemology, and philosophy of education.
A complex landscape favours the abundance and species richness of syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) in olive groves
Authors: Ortega M. , Matallanas B. , Ricarte A. , Pascual S.
Published: May 2023

Sustainability of agroecosystems depends on the ecosystem services, provided by beneficial organisms, such as the syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) acting as other‐insect predators and pollinators in different crops. In the case of olive groves, syrphids are predators of important pests and are endangered by the continuous intensification of agriculture, including landscape simplification. In this work, the effect of landscape structure on the abundance and species richness of syrphids in the olive agroecosystem of central Spain is assessed.

Adult syrphids were sampled in 2015 and 2016 in the centre of circular areas of 15 olive grove landscapes (from 250 to 1500 m radius) representing a gradient of landscape complexity, in the province of Madrid, central Spain.

The syrphid assemblage was made up of 57 species, although Eupeodes corollae, Eristalis tenax, Eristalis similis and Chrysotoxum intermedium made up 76% of the captures.

Syrphid abundance and species richness were favoured in complex landscapes, with low olive grove area (CAO). Other landscape indices showed also this trend although their effect was not as strong and consistent as that of CAO. The area of scrublands (CAS) favoured syrphids in spring, but was unfavourable in autumn. The effect of Shannon's Evenness Index (SHEI) and mean shape index (MSI) was less consistent. The effect of CAO increased with increasing buffers radii, while the effect of CAS, SHEI and MSI was detected in general at smaller radii, indicating these indices affect different processes.

Redundancy analysis (RDA) detected some differences between species regarding their abundance in spring versus autumn, and their relationship with landscape indices.

This work provides new evidence that maintenance of complex landscapes is essential for maintaining functional biodiversity in the olive agroecosystem.
Failure of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells associated with elevated serum levels of anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Seth Abhishek , Murray David , Buadi Francis K. , Gertz Morie A. , Yadav Udit , Kumar Shaji K. , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: May 2023

Daratumumab is an anti‐CD38 antibody that is increasingly incorporated in induction regimens for treating patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Previous reports have demonstrated a lower yield of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after induction with daratumumab; however, none of them reported a failure to collect an adequate number of HSCs. We describe a case of adequate HSC mobilization failure in a patient who inadvertently received excessive doses of daratumumab and was confirmed by higher‐than‐expected circulating levels of daratumumab by mass spectrometry. Eventual clearance of circulating daratumumab was associated with the successful mobilization and harvesting of HSCs.
Interoceptive and metacognitive facets of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rouault Marion , Pereira Inês , Galioulline Herman , Fleming Stephen M. , Stephan Klaas Enno , Manjaly Zina‐Mary
Published: May 2023

Numerous disorders are characterised by fatigue as a highly disabling symptom. Fatigue plays a particularly important clinical role in multiple sclerosis (MS) where it exerts a profound impact on quality of life. Recent concepts of fatigue grounded in computational theories of brain–body interactions emphasise the role of interoception and metacognition in the pathogenesis of fatigue. So far, however, for MS, empirical data on interoception and metacognition are scarce. This study examined interoception and (exteroceptive) metacognition in a sample of 71 persons with a diagnosis of MS. Interoception was assessed by prespecified subscales of a standard questionnaire (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness [MAIA]), while metacognition was investigated with computational models of choice and confidence data from a visual discrimination paradigm. Additionally, autonomic function was examined by several physiological measurements. Several hypotheses were tested based on a preregistered analysis plan. In brief, we found the predicted association of interoceptive awareness with fatigue (but not with exteroceptive metacognition) and an association of autonomic function with exteroceptive metacognition (but not with fatigue). Furthermore, machine learning (elastic net regression) showed that individual fatigue scores could be predicted out‐of‐sample from our measurements, with questionnaire‐based measures of interoceptive awareness and sleep quality as key predictors. Our results support theoretical concepts of interoception as an important factor for fatigue and demonstrate the general feasibility of predicting individual levels of fatigue from simple questionnaire‐based measures of interoception and sleep.
Gut parasites infection increases mate rejection in a species with indirect sperm transfer
Authors: Palen Pietri Rocío , Ceballos Alejandra L. , Peretti Alfredo V.
Published: May 2023

In animals where both males and females have high costs associated with reproduction, it is not rare that both sexes evaluate their potential mate conditions to make the most beneficial choice according to their preferences. Parasite‐mediated selection theories predict that individuals would evaluate the ability of their potential mates to resist parasites and decide whether to accept or reject mating based on that information. These studies of parasite‐mediated sexual selection had been carried out through the traditional sex roles perspectives. Our study species in this article is one with indirect sperm transfer, the pseudoscorpion Lustrochernes argentinus, and we evaluated mating on the health condition (infected or not) of both males and females. Our hypothesis is that the presence of gregarines in potential mates influences mate choice and for that, we analyzed (1) if gregarine‐infected individuals suffer a higher proportion of rejection by their uninfected partners and (2) if spermatophore use success is lower when any of the individuals are infected. We tested this in a behavioral laboratory trial, comparing rejection by the male and the female and spermatophore use in four experimental groups. We found that both males and females suffer a higher probability of rejection when infected with gregarines; the maximum probability of sperm uptake success is when both individuals are healthy.
Views about cooperative marriage among sexual minority and heterosexual Chinese international students
Authors: Li Yanbin (Barbara) , Patterson Charlotte J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

We investigated heterosexual and nonheterosexual Chinese international students' views about cooperative marriages and romantic relationships.

Background

Cooperative marriages and romantic relationships are those in which two partners, one or both of whom self‐identify as nonheterosexual, consent and pretend to be a heterosexual couple as a means of relieving social pressures that require involvement in heterosexual relationships (Kam, 2013).

Method

In total, 265 Chinese international students (Mage = 23 years) participated in an online survey; 210 self‐identified as heterosexual and 55 as members of sexual minority groups.

Results

Students who identified as members of sexual minority groups reported few aspirations and unfavorable attitudes toward cooperative marriages and relationships. Of the students identifying as members of sexual minority groups, those who envisioned future residence in foreign countries reported fewer aspirations for such relationships than their nonheterosexual peers who anticipated returning to China. Moreover, regardless of sexual identities, students who reported higher endorsement of traditional cultural values held less negative attitudes toward such relationships. For students who identified as members of sexual minority groups, stronger acculturation to the U.S. culture was associated with more negative attitudes toward such relationships.

Conclusion

Our study found that Chinese international students identifying as members of sexual minority groups held unfavorable views about cooperative marriage and it highlighted the role of transnational mobility and cultures in these views.

Implications

Our study implied the importance of cultural responsiveness in how health practitioners could better support individuals of diverse sexual identities and cultural backgrounds.
Effect of slurry application techniques on nitrous oxide emission from temperate grassland under varying soil and climatic conditions
Authors: Nyameasem John Kormla , Ruser Reiner , Kluß Christof , Essich Christoph , Zutz Mareike , ten Huf Martin , Buchen‐Tschiskale Caroline , Flessa Heinz , Olfs Hans‐Werner , Taube Friedhelm , Reinsch Thorsten
Published: May 2023

The effect of slurry application techniques and slurry N stabilizing strategies on nitrous oxide emission from grasslands is poorly understood and, therefore, can result in large uncertainties in national/regional inventories. Field experiments were, thus, conducted to estimate the effect of different fertilization techniques on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Fertilizer was applied (135–270 kg N ha−1 year−1) as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), untreated or treated cattle slurry. The slurry was either treated with sulfuric acid (target pH = 6.0), applied using trailing shoes or treated with 3,4‐dimethyl pyrazole phosphate and applied via slot injection. N2O fluxes were sampled using the closed chamber technique. Cumulative N2O emissions ranged 0.1–2.9 kg N ha−1 year−1 across the treatment, sites and years. The N application techniques showed inconsistent effects on soil mineral N content, cumulative N2O emission and N yield. The fertilizer replacement value of slurry was low due to low N use efficiencies at the sites. However, a close positive relationship (r = 0.5; p = .013) between slurry value and biomass yield was observed, highlighting the benefit of high slurry value on crop productivity. N2O‐N emission factors were low for all treatments, including CAN, but were 2–6 times higher in 2019 than in 2020 due to lower precipitation in 2020. Variations in N2O emission were largely explained by soil and climatic factors. Even with the low N2O emissions, this study highlights the benefit (significant mitigation of N2O emissions) of replacing the increasingly expensive chemical fertilizer N with input from slurry under favourable conditions for denitrification.
Exploring the root canal microbiome in previously treated teeth: A comparative study of diversity and metabolic pathways across two geographical locations
Authors: Arias‐Moliz M. T. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Staley C. , Pérez‐Carrasco V. , García‐Salcedo J. A. , Uroz‐Torres D. , Soriano M.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To analyse and compare the root canal microbiome present in root‐filled teeth of two different geographical populations, and to study their functional potential using a next‐generation sequencing approach.

Methodology

Sequencing data obtained from surgical specimens from previously treated teeth with periapical bone loss from Spain and USA were included in the study. Taxa were classified using SILVA v.138 database. Differences in genera abundances among the 10 most abundant genera were evaluated using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Alpha diversity indices were calculated in mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used. Analyses of similarity (ANOSIM) to determine differences in community composition were done in mothur, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. p‐Values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Identification of enriched bacteria function prediction in the study groups (KEGG pathways) was carried out by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) via Python 3.7.6.

Results

A greater alpha‐diversity (Shannon and Chao1 indices) was observed from samples obtained in Spain (p = .002). Geography showed no significant effects on community composition via an ANOSIM using Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (R = 0.03, p = .21). Bacterial functional analysis prediction obtained by PICRUSt showed that 5.7% KEGG pathways differed between the Spain and US samples.

Conclusions

The taxonomic assessment alone does not fully capture the microbiome's differences from two different geographical locations. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were enriched in samples from Spain, while samples from USA had a higher representation of pathways related to nitrogen, propanoate metabolism, and secretion systems.
Comparing intraosseous computerized anaesthesia with inferior alveolar nerve block in the treatment of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gaudin Alexis , Clouet Roselyne , Boëffard Camille , Laham Amany , Martin Hamida , Amador Del Valle Gilles , Enkel Bénédicte , Prud'homme Tony
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular effects [heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and the anaesthetic efficacy of intraosseous computerized anaesthesia (ICA) versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).

Methodology

The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03802305).

In a randomized, prospective clinical trial, 72 mandibular molar teeth with SIP were randomly allocated to conventional IANB injection (n = 36) or ICA injection (n = 36), both with 1.8 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine. The primary objective was to assess the cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure) before, during and after the anaesthesia. The secondary objectives were to compare ICA with IANB for success and postoperative outcomes for up to 3 days.

Results

The maximum increase in heart rate in the ICA group was greater than in the IANB. Other cardiovascular parameters did not show differences throughout the clinical procedure. There were no statistically significant differences (p > .05) between groups for sex, age, or anxiety. The total success rate of ICA (91.43%) was significantly higher (p = .0034) than that of IANB (69.44%).

Conclusions

This study establishes that ICA is safe and efficient in the first intention for the treatment of SIP of the mandibular molar.
Social media influencers: The formation and effects of affective factors during online interactions
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Mac Lancy
Published: May 2023

Social media influencers emerged as powerful sources in affecting and guiding consumers' purchase decisions through self‐generated content and online interactions with their followers. A large number of studies have so far focused on cognitive aspects such as perceived credibility, trustworthiness, and expertise of these influencers. This study aims to further advance the existing literature on social media influencer marketing from an affective perspective, with a focus on the emotional bonds generated by online interactions between the influencer and their followers. Based on the interpersonal process model of intimacy and theories in celebrity endorsement and social media influencer marketing, it examines the impact of self‐disclosure and perceived responsiveness on familiarity and intimacy, which, in turn, affect purchase decision. An online survey was conducted with 304 social media users in Mainland China who have followed social media influencers. The results highlight the formation of two affective factors, namely, familiarity and intimacy, via self‐disclosure and perceived responsiveness. Theoretically, this study provides a fresh perspective to better understand the endorser effect outside the regular set of cognitive factors. Marketing practitioners and companies can follow the suggestions of this study to select more effective social media influencers for their marketing campaign, and to build closer relationships with their target customers.
Dermoscopic predictors of melanoma in small diameter melanocytic lesions (mini‐melanoma): a retrospective multicentric study of 269 cases
Authors: Nazzaro Gianluca , Maronese Carlo A. , Casazza Giovanni , Giacalone Serena , Spigariolo Cristina B. , Roccuzzo Gabriele , Avallone Gianluca , Guida Stefania , Brancaccio Gabriella , Broganelli Paolo , Pellacani Giovanni , Farnetani Francesca , Passoni Emanuela , Lallas Aimilios , Argenziano Giuseppe , Marzano Angelo V.
Published: May 2023

Background

Incidence of cutaneous melanoma is steadily growing, and its early recognition is of paramount importance. Small, pigmented lesions often represent a challenge for the clinician, as predictors of melanoma have not yet been uniquely identified in this setting.

Objectives

To identify dermoscopic features that aid in distinguishing small diameter melanomas (≤5 mm) from equivocal melanocytic nevi measuring ≤5 mm.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study was conducted to collect demographics, clinical and dermoscopic pictures of (i) histology‐proven flat melanomas, measuring ≤5 mm, (ii) histology‐proven but clinically/dermoscopically equivocal melanocytic nevi measuring ≤5 mm, and (iii) histology‐proven flat melanomas, measuring >5 mm. An independent dermoscopic evaluation was performed. Differences in predefined dermoscopic features were assessed across the three groups.

Results

A total of 103 melanomas measuring ≤5 mm were collected; 166 control lesions, comprising 85 large (>5 mm) melanomas and 81 dubious, clinically equivocal melanocytic nevi measuring ≤5 mm were included. Of the 103 mini‐melanomas, only 44 were melanoma in situ. Five dermoscopic predictors of melanoma were identified for the assessment of flat, non‐facial melanocytic lesions measuring ≤5 mm, namely: atypical pigment network, blue‐white veil, pseudopods, peripheral radial streaks, and presence of more than one color. The latter were combined into a predictive model capable of identifying melanoma with 65% sensitivity and 86.4% specificity, at a cut‐off score of 3. Among melanomas measuring ≤5 mm, presence of a blue‐white veil (P = 0.0027) or negative pigment network (P = 0.0063) was associated with invasiveness.

Conclusion

A set of five dermoscopic predictors of melanoma, atypical pigment network, blue‐white veil, pseudopods, peripheral radial streaks, and presence of more than one color is proposed for the assessment of flat, non‐facial melanocytic lesions measuring ≤5 mm.
Uric acid metabolism promotes apoptosis against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Su Zhi‐hao , Lv Jun‐li , Ou Qi , Zhao Zi‐qin , Zheng Kai‐yi , Zhang Xiao‐ying , Lai Wen‐qing , Wang Xue‐yang , Deng Ming‐jie , Li Mu‐wang
Published: May 2023

The white epidermis of silkworms is due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals. Abnormal silkworm uric acid metabolism decreases uric acid production, leading to a transparent or translucent phenotype. The oily silkworm op50 is a mutant strain with a highly transparent epidermis derived from the p50 strain. It shows more susceptibility to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection than the wild type; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study analysed the changes in 34 metabolites in p50 and op50 at different times following BmNPV infection based on comparative metabolomics. The differential metabolites were mainly clustered in six metabolic pathways. Of these, the uric acid pathway was identified as critical for resistance in silkworms, as feeding with inosine significantly enhanced larval resistance compared to other metabolites and modulated other metabolic pathways. Additionally, the increased level of resistance to BmNPV in inosine‐fed silkworms was associated with the regulation of apoptosis, which is mediated by the reactive oxygen species produced during uric acid synthesis. Furthermore, feeding the industrial strain Jingsong (JS) with inosine significantly increased the level of larval resistance to BmNPV, indicating its potential application in controlling the virus in sericulture. These results lay the foundation for clarifying the resistance mechanism of silkworms to BmNPV and provide new strategies and methods for the biological control of pests.
Transmission of photosynthetically active radiation and the productivities of soybean and maize in agroforestry systems
Authors: Aragão Wesley F. D. X. , Zolin Cornélio A. , Behling Maurel , Pezzopane José R. M. , Ximenes Elen S. O. C. , Flumignan Danilton L. , Magalhães Ciro A. S.
Published: May 2023

In integrated crop‐livestock‐forestry (ICLF) systems, an agroforestry model, the forestry component influences the distribution of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and alters grain productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systematic and selective thinning of eucalyptus stands on the productivity of soybean and maize grown. The randomized block‐designed experiment comprised three treatments, namely crops grown under full sunlight (CFS) and in ICLF plots subjected to systematic and selective thinning to leave single‐row (ICLFS) and triple‐row (ICLFT) tree configurations. Soybean and maize were planted in succession between the tree stands and PAR incidence/transmittance and crop productivities were evaluated in the north and south sun‐exposed faces of the plots during three cultivation cycles after thinning. In comparison with CFS, PAR transmittance in the ICLF systems decrease varied according to the time of day, period of the year, distance of the sampling position from the trees, the sun‐exposed area (north and south faces) and time after thinning. Soybean productivities in ICLFS were similar to those of CFS in the first and second crop cycles, but significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the third crop cycle. In the ICLFT system, soybean productivity was similar to that of CFS in the second crop cycle but significantly lower in the first and third crop cycles. With regard to the maize crop, productivities decreased in the order CSF > ICLFS > ICLFT in all cultivation cycles. Our results showed that PAR transmittance and soybean/maize productivities were positively influenced by thinning of eucalyptus stands, particularly in ICLFS system.
Correlation between structural characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of walstromite BaCa2M3O9 (M = Si, Ge) ceramics
Authors: Du Kang , Yin Changzhi , Zou Zhengyu , Cheng Mingfei , Cai Yiyang , Yang Jiaqing , Zhang Meng , Lu Wenzhong , Wang Shengxiang , Lei Wen
Published: May 2023

Novel BaCa2M3O9 (M = Si, Ge) microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared via solid‐state reaction with sintering at 1125°C–1275°C for 5 h. Single‐phase BaCa2M3O9 (M = Si, Ge) ceramics were obtained according to stoichiometry. The single‐phase BaCa2Ge3O9 ceramic was confirmed through Rietveld refinement and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy/selected area electron diffraction and synthesized for the first time. The BaCa2M3O9 (M = Si, Ge) exhibited a triclinic structure with a P space group and good microwave dielectric properties. The εr, Q × f, and τf values of BaCa2M3O9 (M = Si, Ge) ceramics are mostly dominated by the relative density, ionic polarizability, relative covalence, and bond energy of M–O bond, respectively. A high Q × f value (61 800 GHz at 16.3 GHz) was obtained in BaCa2Ge3O9 ceramic due to its high rc (Ge–O) and low intrinsic dielectric loss. The BaCa2Si3O9 ceramic exhibited small |τf| value (‒36.4 ppm/°C) due to its large ESi‐O. Excellent microwave dielectric properties (εr = 8.31, Q × f = 61 800 GHz, and τf = ‒58.7 ppm/°C) were obtained for the BaCa2Ge3O9 ceramic.
Effect of composite methods on the phase transition and microwave performances of ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8–TiO2 system
Authors: Huang Zipeng , Qiao Jianli , Li Lingxia
Published: May 2023

Tri‐layer ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8–TiO2–ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8 and random distribution ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8@TiO2 ceramics with different mass fractions of TiO2 were initially synthesized. The effects of the laminated cofiring and the random distribution processes on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The advantages of the unique tri‐layer architecture were fully demonstrated. It not only allows the effects of the chemical reactions between ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8 and TiO2 can be effectively limited to a narrow region (∼20 μm in width) within the ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8/TiO2 interfaces, and acts as the “glues” to bond each layer well. The layers are well connected and the possibility of deterioration of Q× f values during the modification process can be greatly reduced. When compared with ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8@TiO2 ceramics with random distribution type, the tri‐layer design can produce a roughly 60% improvement in Q× f value with no noticeable loss in dielectric constant while maintaining temperature stability. After sintering at 1340°C for 6 h, ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8–TiO2–ZnZrNb1.99(Sn0.5W0.5)0.01O8 tri‐layer ceramics exhibited excellent dielectric properties (εr = 30.29, Q× f = 56,880 GHz, and τf = −5.73 ppm/°C) with 0.05 wt% TiO2, and the cooperative optimization of microwave dielectric properties was achieved. The current research provides a strategy for synthesizing microwave dielectric devices with high dielectric properties for applications in 5G network communications.
Efficient H2 production on CoSx/Zn0.3Cd0.7S heterojunction by selective oxidation of p‐chlorobenzyl alcohol in organic phase
Authors: Liu Jiafang , Su Bo , Li Li , Pan Lili , Ren Wei , Zheng Xiuzhen , Meng Sugang , Zhang Sujuan , Chen Shifu
Published: May 2023

Developing high‐efficient photocatalysts for H2 production is still the focus of current research. A series of CoSx/Zn0.3Cd0.7S (CoSx/ZCS) samples with different mass ratios were successfully synthesized for H2 production by the oxidation of p‐chlorobenzyl alcohol (Cl‐PhCH2OH). Herein, Zn0.3Cd0.7S (ZCS) solid‐solution nanoparticles are distributed on the surface of CoSx polyhedron, and CoSx is obtained from ZIF‐67, composed of Co1−xS and CoS2. The photocatalytic H2 production was performed by Cl‐PhCH2OH oxidation in N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution under visible light irradiation, and 5% CoSx/ZCS sample showed the best photocatalytic activity, with the H2 generated rate high to 2.80 mmol g−1 h−1. Meanwhile, the selectivity of Cl‐PhCH2OH oxidation to p‐chlorobenzaldehyde (Cl‐PhCHO) is 97.6%, and the rate is 2.95 mmol g−1 h−1. Moreover, the reasons for the excellent photocatalytic performance of CoSx/ZCS samples were deeply analyzed by experimental and theoretical results, such as trapping agents, photoelectrochemistry test, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), specific surface area, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This work provides a new theoretical guidance and experimental experience for the application of H2 application and design of novel photocatalysts.
Exploring the impact of COVID‐19 on the psychological well‐being of oncology healthcare professionals
Authors: Appleton Lynda , Atkins Courtney , Watmough Sarah , Cherry Mary Gemma , Poole Helen
Published: May 2023

Aims

To explore how psychological well‐being is maintained by healthcare professionals (HCPs) employed in a cancer setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

A qualitative design using diaries and interviews to collect data was used to gain insights into how HCPs managed their well‐being during the pandemic.

Methods

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse diaries and interviews completed by 66 HCPs during the second pandemic lockdown period (December 2020–April 2021). A total of 102 HCPs were recruited, drawn from five groups: nursing staff, radiographers, medical staff, allied health professionals (AHPs) (non‐radiographers) and support staff.

Results

The majority of participants adjusted to the challenges of the pandemic using positive coping strategies, although difficult days required the mobilization of additional resources. Emotion management was regulated through peer relationships, professional roles and the workplace, sustained through communities of practice involving knowledge exchange, shared goals and social interactions. Maintaining high‐quality patient care was a source of job satisfaction, providing a route through which positive emotions could be channelled; however, it was juxtaposed with threats to well‐being from busy workloads and variable organizational responsiveness. Work routines provided a platform for well‐being, underpinned by the sharing of problems and solutions within peer networks.

Conclusion

This study has highlighted the dynamic nature of well‐being amongst HCPs during the pandemic. Well‐being interventions should build on the preferred coping strategies of HCPs, focusing on the way individuals coalesce in groups to learn from and support one another.

Impact

HCPs may experience different psychological responses when exposed to a pandemic situation. This study identifies the strategies used by HCPs to maintain positive psychological well‐being within professional roles, whilst adjusting to emerging well‐being threats. Key components of HCP's well‐being are addressed, which are relevant to clinical practice and the broader healthcare workforce.

Patient or Public Contribution

Research team members included public representatives who contributed to the development, methods, data collection and analysis of the study. They supported the development of the Research Assistant by providing mock interview skills training.
Why do nurses seek employment in forensic mental health and what are their first impressions of the clinical environment? A mixed methods study
Authors: Kinghorn Grant , Thomas Stuart , Froggatt Terry , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate why registered nurses seek forensic mental health employment and explore their initial impressions of this setting.

Design

Explanatory sequential mixed methods.

Methods

Registered nurses employed in a forensic mental health hospital completed an online survey about their reasons for seeking work in forensic mental health and their transition into the setting. To fully explore findings, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sub‐group of survey respondents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse survey data, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews.

Results

Sixty‐nine respondents completed the survey, and 11 interviews were conducted. Prior interest in forensic mental health and encouragement from hospital staff were considered important influences in seeking forensic mental health employment. New knowledge, changes in clinical responsibility, exposure to patients' background offences and security processes overwhelmed some participants initially. However, participants reported that the initial challenges of their transition revealed opportunities to develop genuine connections with patients.

Conclusion

This study provides a new understanding of the reasons why nurses seek employment in forensic mental health and the challenges and opportunities experienced when first working in this setting. Such professional and personal elements need to be considered by organizations to strengthen recruitment strategies and support future nurses' transition into forensic mental health settings.

Impact

This study provides new knowledge about recruiting and supporting nurses' transition into forensic mental health employment. As such, it informs policymakers, clinical services and managers about strategies needed to attract and retain this workforce.

Patient or Public contribution

No public or patient involvement.
Parenting confidence and social support as predictors of coping strategies in parents of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Shaofei , Deng Tao , Chen Miaoying , Ji Yan , Dai Yushen , Zhang Tao , Zhang Lifeng
Published: May 2023

Aims

The aims of the study were to describe coping strategies in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder at the early stage of diagnosis and to examine the predictive effects of parenting confidence and social support on coping strategies.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A convenience sample of 193 parents of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Guangzhou, China, were included from October 2020 to January 2021. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were employed for data collection. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationship between coping strategies and the independent variables.

Results

The mean positive coping strategies score was higher than the negative coping strategies score. Parenting efficacy, subjective support and support utilization predicted positive coping strategies, and parenting satisfaction was a protective factor against negative coping strategies.

Conclusion

Parents tend to engage in positive coping at the early stage of diagnosis. Improving parenting confidence and social support might help parents adopt positive coping strategies and prevent negative coping.

Impact

More effective and long‐term support for families of children with autism spectrum disorder is expected. Interventions should be focused on enhancing parenting satisfaction and efficacy to employ positive coping strategies and decrease negative coping.

Reporting Method

We adhered to EQUATOR guidelines and reported results based on STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.
The effect of a 7‐day intensive Buddhist meditation on existential isolation, interpersonal isolation, and compassion among South Koreans
Authors: Park Young Chin , Pinel Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the effects of an intensive Buddhist (Zen) meditation practice on reductions in existential isolation and increases in prosocial behavior. This study also examines whether the hypothesized reduction in existential isolation resulting from the intensive meditation practice predicts other‐focused compassion. Study 1 utilized a quasi‐experimental design to investigate the effects of meditation on existential isolation and other compassion by comparing healthy Koreans who completed a 7‐day intensive silent Zen meditation (n = 35) with those who completed a 7‐day vacation (n = 30). All participants completed measures twice: at baseline and after either their meditation retreat or their vacation. Study 2 used a longitudinal design to investigate whether Study 1 findings would replicate among 75 new TempleStay program participants. In Study 1, relative to participants in the vacation group, participants in the meditation group experienced reduced existential isolation and increased other‐focused compassion from Time 1 to Time 2. Reductions in existential isolation mediated the increases in other‐focused compassion. In Study 2, after a 1‐week intensive meditation training, participants experienced a reduction in existential isolation and an increased in other‐focused compassion; again, the reductions in existential isolation mediated increases in other‐focused compassion. Across two studies, we found evidence of reduced existential isolation and increased other‐focused compassion following an intensive Zen‐meditation practice. These results indicate that meditation practice may help people who suffer from existential isolation, as well as the people with whom they interact.
CEO performance‐based grants’ vesting provisions and debt contracts: Evidence from GAAP, Non‐GAAP and KPI metrics
Authors: Philip Teena Rachel , Sanchez Daniela , Sanchez Juan Manuel
Published: May 2023

We examine the influence of CEOs’ equity and cash grants’ vesting provisions that are based on (i) accounting performance metrics prepared under US generally accepted principles (GAAP), (ii) non‐GAAP performance metrics and (iii) key performance indicators (KPIs) on debt contracts. We find that grants with vesting provisions based on GAAP metrics and KPIs lead to a lower cost of debt, a lower likelihood of collateral requirements and less restrictive covenant terms. In contrast, performance‐based grants with non‐GAAP vesting provisions lead to a higher cost of debt, a higher likelihood of collateral requirements and more restrictive covenant terms. Supplementary analyses reveal that our results are incremental to other debtholder‐friendly features in the CEO contracts, such as grants with debt‐related performance measures and CEOs’ inside debt holdings, and robust to alternative variable definitions and specifications. Overall, our results suggest that debtholders understand the differing incentives associated with GAAP, non‐GAAP and KPI‐based performance measures, and incorporate these differences into debt contracts.
Resin composite layering on discolored substrates ensures masking ability for monolithic ceramics
Authors: Soares Pablo Machado , Pereira Gabriel Kalil Rocha , Bacchi Atais
Published: May 2023

Objective

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resin composite layering on discolored substrates to obtain masking ability with monolithic ceramics.

Materials and Methods

Four groups (n = 8) of computer‐aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) monolithic ceramics, shade A1, with thicknesses of 1.0 and 1.5 mm, were tested: feldspathic (FC), leucite‐reinforced (LC), lithium disilicate‐reinforced (LD), and translucent zirconia (5YSZ). Five substrates were used: A1 (used as reference), A3.5, C4, and coppery and silvery metals. The substrates were separated as non‐layered or layered (with flowable opaque resin composite (FL), white opaque restorative resin composite (WD), and A1‐shaded opaque restorative resin composite (A1D)). Resin composite layers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm were tested. The try‐in paste, shade A1, was used as a luting agent. Translucency parameter (TP00) was assessed for the ceramics. Color differences (∆E00) were assessed for the restorative ceramics and resin composite layers over discolored substrates with the CIEDE2000 formula. The results were compared statistically, and descriptively with acceptability (AT, 1.77) and perceptibility (PT, 0.81) thresholds.

Results

Feldspathic showed the highest TP00 (for both ceramic thicknesses) and LD the lowest (for 1.5 mm of ceramic thickness) (P < 0.001). For substrate A3.5, layering with 1.0 mm of A1D or WD ensured ∆E00 below PT for all ceramics tested (P < 0.001). The use of 0.5 mm of FL or 1.0 mm of A1D associated with ceramics LC, LD, and 5YSZ ensured ∆E00 below AT for substrates C4 and coppery metal (P < 0.001). Silvery background layered with 0.5 mm of FL presented ∆E00 below AT for all ceramics and ∆E00 below PT for lithium disilicate of 1.0 mm of thickness (∆E00 = 0.72).

Conclusions

Layering severely discolored substrates with selected opaque resin composites ensures masking ability for restoration with CAD/CAM monolithic ceramics.

Clinical Significance

Severely discolored substrates are predictably restored with monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics by performing a previous layering of the substrate with opaque resin composite.