bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variational Integrals of a Class of Nonhomogeneous𝒜-Harmonic Equations
Authors: Li Guanfeng , Wang Yong , Bao Gejun
Published: March 2014

We introduce a class of variational integrals whose Euler equations are nonhomogeneous𝒜-harmonic equations. We investigate the relationship between the minimization problem and the Euler equation and give a simple proof of the existence of some nonhomogeneous𝒜-harmonic equations by applying direct methods of the calculus of variations. Besides, we establish some interesting results on variational integrals.
Aspergillus 6V4, a Strain Isolated from Manipueira, Produces High Amylases Levels by
Using Wheat Bran as a Substrate
Authors: Celestino Jessyca dos Reis , Duarte Ana Caroline , Silva Cláudia Maria de Melo , Sena Hellen Holanda , Carriço Ferreira Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Borges , Mallmann Neila Hiraishi , Lima Natacha Pinheiro Costa , Tavares Chanderlei de Castro , Souza Rodrigo Otávio Silva de , Souza Érica Simplício , Souza João Vicente Braga
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was screening fungi strains, isolated from manipueira (a liquid subproduct obtained from the flour production of Manihot esculenta), for amylases production and investigating production of these enzymes by the strain Aspergillus 6V4. The fungi isolated from manipueira belonged to Ascomycota phylum. The strain Aspergillus 6V4 was the best amylase producer in the screening assay of starch hydrolysis in petri dishes (ASHPD) and in the assay in submerged fermentation (ASbF). The strain Aspergillus 6V4 produced high amylase levels (335 UI/L) using wheat bran infusion as the exclusive substrate and the supplementation of this substrate with peptone decreased the production of this enzyme. The moisture content of 70% was the best condition for the production of Aspergillus 6V4 amylases (385 IU/g) in solid state fermentation (SSF).
Deterioration Prediction of Urban Bridges on Network Level Using Markov‐Chain Model
Authors: Li Li , Sun Lijun , Ning Guobao
Published: March 2014

Bridges play an important role in urban transportation network. However, it is hard to predict the bridge deterioration precisely in Shanghai, because records of various bridge types with different maintenance status coexist in the same database and the bridge age span is also large. Therefore a Markov‐chain model capable of considering maintenance factors is proposed in this study. Three deterioration circumstances are modeled including natural decay, conventional recoverable decay, and enhanced recoverable decay. Three components as well as the whole bridge are predicted including bridge deck system, superstructure, and substructure. The Markov‐chain model proposed can predict not only the distribution of the percentage of different condition rating (CR) grades on network level in any year but also the deterioration tendency of single bridge with any state. Bridge data records of ten years were used to verify the model and also to find the deterioration tendency of urban bridges in Shanghai. The results show that the bridge conditions would drop rapidly if no recoverable repair treatments were conducted. Proper repair could slow down the deterioration speed. The enhanced recoverable repair could significantly mitigate the deterioration process and even raise the CR grades after several years of maintenance and repair.
Designs and Techniques That Improve the Pullout Strength of Pedicle Screws in Osteoporotic Vertebrae: Current Status
Authors: Shea Thomas M. , Laun Jake , Gonzalez-Blohm Sabrina A. , Doulgeris James J. , Lee William E. , Aghayev Kamran , Vrionis Frank D.
Published: March 2014

Osteoporosis is a medical condition affecting men and women of different age groups and populations. The compromised bone quality caused by this disease represents an important challenge when a surgical procedure (e.g., spinal fusion) is needed after failure of conservative treatments. Different pedicle screw designs and instrumentation techniques have been explored to enhance spinal device fixation in bone of compromised quality. These include alterations of screw thread design, optimization of pilot hole size for non-self-tapping screws, modification of the implant’s trajectory, and bone cement augmentation. While the true benefits and limitations of any procedure may not be realized until they are observed in a clinical setting, axial pullout tests, due in large part to their reproducibility and ease of execution, are commonly used to estimate the device’s effectiveness by quantifying the change in force required to remove the screw from the body. The objective of this investigation is to provide an overview of the different pedicle screw designs and the associated surgical techniques either currently utilized or proposed to improve pullout strength in osteoporotic patients. Mechanical comparisons as well as potential advantages and disadvantages of each consideration are provided herein.
Study on the Characteristics of Electromagnetic Noise of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Hang , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: March 2014

The normal electromagnetic force distribution in stator system of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been thoroughly analyzed in this paper. The main composition of force wave causing vibration and noise has been proposed, and at the same time a calculation method of stator natural frequency of axial flux PMSM has been raised. Through this method electromagnetic force wave, natural frequency, vibration response, and electromagnetic noise of a 15 kW axial flux PMSM with 22 poles and 24 slots have been calculated; calculations and measured values are consistent by comparison. The noise sources of axial flux PMSM have been found in this paper, which provides the theoretical support for the suppression of electromagnetic noise of axial flux PMSM.
Dynamic Analysis of a Timoshenko Beam Subjected to an Accelerating Mass Using Spectral Element Method
Authors: Chen Guangsong , Qian Linfang , Yin Qiang
Published: March 2014

This paper presents formulations for a Timoshenko beam subjected to an accelerating mass using spectral element method in time domain (TSEM). Vertical displacement and bending rotation of the beam were interpolated by Lagrange polynomials supported on the Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) points. By using GLL integration rule, the mass matrix was diagonal and the dynamic responses can be obtained efficiently and accurately. The results were compared with those obtained in the literature to verify the correctness. The variation of the vibration frequencies of the Timoshenko and moving mass system was researched. The effects of inertial force, centrifugal force, Coriolis force, and tangential force on a Timoshenko beam subjected to an accelerating mass were investigated.
Limit Cycles Bifurcated from SomeZ4-Equivariant Quintic Near-Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Qu Simin , Tang Cangxin , Huang Fengli , Sun Xianbo
Published: March 2014

We study the number and distribution of limit cycles of some planarZ4-equivariant quintic near-Hamiltonian systems. By the theories of Hopf and heteroclinic bifurcation, it is proved that the perturbed system can have 24 limit cycles with some new distributions. The configurations of limit cycles obtained in this paper are new.
Solving Singularly Perturbed Multipantograph Delay Equations Based on the Reproducing Kernel Method
Authors: Geng F. Z. , Qian S. P.
Published: March 2014

A numerical method is presented for solving the singularly perturbed multipantograph delay equations with a boundary layer at one end point. The original problem is reduced to boundary layer and regular domain problems. The regular domain problem is solved by combining the asymptotic expansion and the reproducing kernel method (RKM). The boundary layer problem is treated by the method of scaling and the RKM. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the present method. The results from the numerical example show that the present method can provide very accurate analytical approximate solutions.
Meromorphic Solutions of Some Algebraic Differential Equations
Authors: Lin Jianming , Xiong Weiling , Yuan Wenjun
Published: March 2014

By means of the normal family theory, we estimate the growth order of meromorphic solutions of some algebraic differential equations and improve the related results of Barsegian et al. (2002). We also give some examples to show that our results occur in some special cases.
Increased Oxidative Stress Response in Granulocytes from Older Patients with a Hip Fracture May Account for Slow Regeneration
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Ehnert Sabrina , Ihle Christoph , Schyschka Lilianna , Pscherer Stefan , Nussler Natascha C. , Braun Karl F. , Van Griensven Martijn , Wang Guobin , Burgkart Rainer , Stöckle Ulrich , Gebhard Florian , Vester Helen , Nussler Andreas K.
Published: March 2014

Proximal femur fracture, a typical fracture of the elderly, is often associated with morbidity, reduced quality of life, impaired physical function and increased mortality. There exists evidence that responses of the hematopoietic microenvironment to fractures change with age. Therefore, we investigated oxidative stress markers and oxidative stress-related MAPK activation in granulocytes from the young and the elderly with and without fractured long bones. Lipid peroxidation levels were increased in the elderly controls and patients. Aged granulocytes were more sensitive towards oxidative stress induced damage than young granulocytes. This might be due to the basally increased expression of SOD-1 in the elderly, which was not further induced by fractures, as observed in young patients. This might be caused by an altered MAPK activation. In aged granulocytes basal p38 and JNK activities were increased and basal ERK1/2 activity was decreased. Following fracture, JNK activity decreased, while ERK1/2 and p38 activities increased in both age groups. Control experiments with HL60 cells revealed that the observed p38 activation depends strongly on age. Summarizing, we observed age-dependent changes in the oxidative stress response system of granulocytes after fractures, for example, altered MAPK activation and SOD-1 expression. This makes aged granulocytes vulnerable to the stress stimuli of the fracture and following surgery.
A Cohort Study on Self-Reported Respiratory Symptoms of Toner-Handling Workers: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis from 2003 to 2008
Authors: Kitamura Hiroko , Terunuma Niina , Kurosaki Shizuka , Hata Koichi , Masuda Masashi , Kochi Takeshi , Yanagi Nobuaki , Murase Tadashi , Ogami Akira , Higashi Toshiaki
Published: March 2014

This study examines the relationship between toner-handling work and its health effects on self-reported respiratory symptoms. The subjects were 1,504 male workers in a Japanese toner and photocopier manufacturing company. Personal exposure measurement, pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray examination, measurement of biomarkers, and a questionnaire about self-reported respiratory symptoms were performed annually. This study discusses the questionnaire results. We found that the toner-handling group showed significantly higher prevalence of breathlessness than the never-toner-handling group. The significant reduction of pulmonary function and fibrosis change in the chest X-ray examination associated with breathlessness were not observed. However the morbidity of asthma was higher compared to the Japanese population in both of the toner-handling group and the never-toner handling group, the effect of toner exposure was not clarified. Nevertheless, while the toner exposure levels in the current well-controlled working environment may be sufficiently low to prevent adverse health effects, further studies are needed to assess the more long-term latent health effects of toner exposure.
Motorist's Response to an Increase in Traffic Fines
Authors: Moolenaar Debora E. G.
Published: March 2014

Minor offences are often punished with a fine. Up to 2007 the number of fines in the Netherlands was increasing but 2008 saw a decline. At the same time fines were raised significantly. The question is whether the raise in fines caused the decline in the number of fines. To answer this question a database containing administrative fines for speeding on the motorway over the period 2007–2010 is analyzed. Two categories are compared: speeding offences detected by average speed measuring systems (ASMS) and speeding offences detected by police officers. For each category the elasticity of fines is estimated. It turns out that the elasticity of fines detected by an ASMS is small but differs significantly from both 0 and −1. If fines are raised by 1%, the offence rate, that is, proportion of fines detected by an ASMS, will decline by 0.14%. For fines handed out by police officers we see no such effect: the estimated elasticity of the number of fines is positive and does not significantly differ from zero. The conclusion is that motorists make moderate adjustments in their behavior when fines are raised but only if the risk of being caught is high.
Hepatitis B Virus X Upregulates HuR Protein Level to Stabilize HER2 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Hung Chao-Ming , Huang Wei-Chien , Pan Hsiao-Lin , Chien Pei-Hsuan , Lin Chih-Wen , Chen Lei-Chin , Chien Yu-Fong , Lin Ching-Chiao , Leow Kar-Hee , Chen Wen-Shu , Chen Jhen-Yu , Ho Chien-Yi , Hou Pao-Sheng , Chen Yun-Ju
Published: March 2014

Hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis is very complicated and HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) has been reported to play the most important role in this process. Activation of downstream signal pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is known to mediate HBx-dependent HCC tumor progression. Interestingly, HER2 (also known as ErbB2/Neu/EGFR2) is frequently overexpressed in HBx-expressing HCC patients and is associated with their poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether and how HBx regulates HER2 expression. In this study, our data showed that HBx expression increased HER2 protein level via enhancing its mRNA stability. The induction of RNA-binding protein HuR expression by HBx mediated the HER2 mRNA stabilization. Finally, the upregulated HER2 expression promoted the migration ability of HBx-expressing HCC cells. These findings deciphered the molecular mechanism of HBx-mediated HER2 upregulation in HBV-associated HCC.
Degradation of Typical Indoor Air Pollutants Using Fe-Doped TiO2Thin Film under Daylight Illumination
Authors: Wang Shuaijie , Yu Hao , Cheng Xingxing
Published: March 2014

A type of iron-doped titania thin film was prepared by means of sol-gel method to degrade indoor formaldehyde (HCHO), ammonia (NH3), and benzene (C6H6) under sunlight. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spetra (EDS). The results showed that the iron was doped in the TiO2photocatalyst successfully. The absorption edge of doped TiO2had red shifts and the doped TiO2had a stronger absorption than the pure TiO2in the visible region. Fe-doped TiO2thin film prepared with the optimal preparation condition could remove indoor HCHO, NH3and C6H6effectively under solar light irradiation. The removal percentage of HCHO, NH3or C6H6after 9 h photocatalytic reaction under solar light reached 55%, 53.1%, and 37.5%, respectively, when they existed in the air individually. When the three pollutants were mixed in the air, the removal percentage decreased to 33.3%, 28.3%, and 28%. The degradation reaction of the three pollutants followed the pseudo first-order kinetics, which reflects that the photocatalytic reaction was controlled by the surface chemical reaction and the reaction rate was controlled by concentration of reactants.
New Nonlinear Systems Admitting Virasoro-Type Symmetry Algebra and Group-Invariant Solutions
Authors: Wang Lizhen , Huang Qing , Di Yanmei
Published: March 2014

With the aid of symbolic computation by Maple, we extend the application of Virasoro-type symmetry prolongation method to coupled systems with two-component nonlinear equations. New nonlinear systems admitting infinitely dimensional centerless Virasoro-type symmetry algebra are constructed. Taking one of them as an example, we present some group-invariant solutions to one of the new model systems.
Modeling Dendrimers Charge Interaction in Solution: Relevance in Biosystems
Authors: Lombardo Domenico
Published: March 2014

Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules obtained by stepwise controlled, reaction sequences. The ability to be designed for specific applications makes dendrimers unprecedented components to control the structural organization of matter during the bottom-up synthesis of functional nanostructures. For their applications in the field of biotechnology the determination of dendrimer structural properties as well as the investigation of the specific interaction with guest components are needed. We show how the analysis of the scattering structure factorS(q), in the framework of current models for charged systems in solution, allows for obtaining important information of the interdendrimers electrostatic interaction potential. The finding of the presented results outlines the important role of the dendrimer charge and the solvent conditions in regulating, through the modulation of the electrostatic interaction potential, great part of the main structural properties. This charge interaction has been indicated by many studies as a crucial factor for a wide range of structural processes involving their biomedical application. Due to their easily controllable properties dendrimers can be considered at the crossroad between traditional colloids, associating polymers, and biological systems and represent then an interesting new technological approach and a suitable model system of molecular organization in biochemistry and related fields.
A Hybrid Mean Value Involving the Two-Term Exponential Sums and Two-Term Character Sums
Authors: Miaohua Liu , Xiaoxue Li
Published: March 2014

The main purpose of this paper is using the properties of Gauss sums and the estimate for character sums to study the hybrid mean value problem involving the two-term exponential sums and two-term character sums and give an interesting asymptotic formula for it.
The Effect of ND:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy Size on Refraction, Intraocular Pressure, and Macular Thickness
Authors: Karahan Eyyup , Tuncer Ibrahim , Zengin Mehmet Ozgur
Published: March 2014

Purpose. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of capsulotomy size on, spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular thickness.Materials and Methods. Sixty-eight patients were examined preoperatively and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Patients were divided into two groups based on the postoperative capsulotomy size. Changes in SE, IOP, and macular thickness were compared between two groups.Results. We found a higher hyperopic shift in large capsulotomy group. In both groups 1 and 2, IOP increased 1 week postoperatively. Intraocular pressure rise in group 2 was higher than in group 1. Both groups had increased macular thickness at 1 week postoperatively. The degree of macular thickening was similar in group 1 and group 2.Comment. Patients who underwent a larger capsulotomy have a higher hyperopic shift and IOP elevation. Rise in macular thickness was similar in large and small capsulotomy groups.
Distribution of Abdominal Obesity and Fitness Level in Overweight and Obese Korean Adults
Authors: Kim Sue , Kim Ji-Young , Lee Duk-Chul , Lee Hye-Sun , Lee Ji-Won , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: March 2014

Background.Abdominal obesity and its relative distribution are known to differ in association with metabolic characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aimed to determine an association between fitness level and abdominal adiposity in overweight and obese adults.Methods.228 overweight and obese individuals were classified as either cardiorespiratory unfit or fit based on their recovery heart rate. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VAT/SAT ratio), and cardiometabolic characteristics were analyzed to examine the relationship between recovery heart rate and abdominal adiposity components.Results.After adjustments for age and sex, significant relationships of recovery heart rate and VAT, SAT, and VAT/SAT ratio were found; however, SAT was not significantly associated after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r=0.045,P=0.499), whereas VAT (r=0.232,P<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (r=0.214,P=0.001) remained associated. Through stepwise multiple regression analyses after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lifestyle factors, mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and hsCRP, recovery heart rate was identified as an independent variable associated with VAT (β=0.204,P<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (β=0.163,P=0.008) but not with SAT (β=0.097,P=0.111).Conclusions.Cardiorespiratory fitness level is independently associated with VAT and the VAT/SAT ratio but not with SAT in overweight and obese adults.
Two Expanding Integrable Models of the Geng-Cao Hierarchy
Authors: Guo Xiurong , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xuping
Published: March 2014

As far as linear integrable couplings are concerned, one has obtained some rich and interesting results. In the paper, we will deduce two kinds of expanding integrable models of the Geng-Cao (GC) hierarchy by constructing different 6-dimensional Lie algebras. One expanding integrable model (actually, it is a nonlinear integrable coupling) reduces to a generalized Burgers equation and further reduces to the heat equation whose expanding nonlinear integrable model is generated. Another one is an expanding integrable model which is different from the first one. Finally, the Hamiltonian structures of the two expanding integrable models are obtained by employing the variational identity and the trace identity, respectively.
Vertex Coalgebras, Coassociator, and Cocommutator Formulas
Authors: Orosz Hunziker Florencia , Liberati José I.
Published: March 2014

Based on the definition of vertex coalgebra introduced by Hubbard, 2009, we
prove that this notion can be reformulated using coskew symmetry, coassociator and
cocommutator formulas without restrictions on the grading. We also prove that a
vertex coalgebra can be defined in terms of dual versions of the axioms of Lie conformal
algebra and differential algebra.
Adaptive Neural Networks Synchronization of a Four-Dimensional Energy Resource Stochastic System
Authors: Meng Duo
Published: March 2014

An adaptive neural networks chaos synchronization control method is proposed for a four-dimensional energy resource demand-supply system with input constraints. Assuming the response system contains unknown uncertain nonlinearities and unknown stochastic disturbances, the neural networks and robust terms are used to identify the nonlinearities and overcome the stochastic disturbances, respectively. Based on stochastic Lyapunov stability and robust adaptive theories, an adaptive neural networks synchronization control method is developed. In the design process, an auxiliary design system is employed to address input constraints. Simulation results, which fully coincide with theoretical results, are presented to demonstrate the obtained results.
Cost‐Sensitive Attribute Reduction in Decision‐Theoretic Rough Set Models
Authors: Liao Shujiao , Zhu Qingxin , Min Fan
Published: March 2014

In recent years, the theory of decision‐theoretic rough set and its applications have been studied, including the attribute reduction problem.
However, most researchers only focus on decision cost instead of test cost.
In this paper, we study the attribute reduction problem with both types of costs in decision‐theoretic rough set models.
A new definition of attribute reduct is given, and the attribute reduction is formulated as an optimization problem, which aims to minimize the total cost of classification.
Then both backtracking and heuristic algorithms to the new problem are proposed.
The algorithms are tested on four UCI (University of California, Irvine) datasets.
Experimental results manifest the efficiency and the effectiveness of both algorithms.
This study provides a new insight into the attribute reduction problem in decision‐theoretic rough set models.
Early Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Danica Lisulov Popovic , Krotin Mirjana , Zdravkovic Marija , Soldatovic Ivan , Zdravkovic Darko , Brajkovic Milica , Gardijan Vera , Saric Jelena , Pokrajac Ruzica , Lovic Dragan , Stevanovic Predrag , Gajic Milina Tancic , Vukcevic Miodrag
Published: March 2014

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes directly to left ventricular (LV) diastolic and regional systolic dysfunction in newly diagnosed OSA with normal left ventricle ejection fraction.Methods. 125 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Control group consisted of 78 asymptomatic age-matched healthy subjects who did not have any cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. All patients had undergone overnight polysomnography and standard transthoracic and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiogram.Results. TheE/Aratio and the peakEwave at mitral flow were significantly lower and the peakAwave at mitral flow was significantly higher in OSA patients compared with control subjects. Left ventricle isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and mitral valve flow propagation (MVFP) were significantly longer in OSA patients than in controls. Tissue Doppler derivedS′amplitude of lateral part at mitral valve (S′Lm) andE′wave amplitudes both at the lateral (E′Lm) and septal parts of the mitral valve (E′Sm) were significantly lower in OSA patients compared to controls.Conclusion. Newly diagnosed OSA patients with normal global LV function have significantly impaired diastolic function and regional longitudinal systolic function. OSA is independently associated with these changes in LV function.
Social Interaction and Stock Market Participation: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Zhang Tingting , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: March 2014

Current research on the impact of social interaction on the stock market participation only involves the traditional way of social interaction, and this paper further investigates the modern social interaction effects on the stock market participation and its activeness. The sample containing 150 Chinese counties is selected, and we apply grouping analysis and linear regression to conclude that social interaction has positive influence on the stock market participation and its activeness. Both traditional and modern social interaction ways affect the stock market participation and its activeness to the similar extent, so modern social interaction is of the same importance. Controlling for the respondents’ age, wealth, and education level, the above conclusion still holds.
A Novel Method for Multiattribute Decision Making with Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Triangular Linguistic Information
Authors: Ju Yanbing , Yang Shanghong , Liu Xiaoyue
Published: March 2014

This paper studies the multiattribute decision making (MADM) problems in which the attribute values take the form of dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic elements and the weights of attributes take the form of real numbers. Firstly, to solve the situation where the membership degree and the nonmembership degree of an element to a triangular linguistic variable, the concept, operational laws, score function, and accuracy function of dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic elements (DHFTLEs) are defined. Then, some dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic geometric aggregation operators are developed for aggregating the DHFTLEs, including dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic weighted geometric (DHFTLWG) operator, dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic ordered weighted geometric (DHFTLOWG) operator, dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic hybrid geometric (DHFTLHG) operator, generalized dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic weighted geometric (GDHFTLWG) operator, and generalized dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic ordered weighted geometric (GDHFTLOWG) operator. Furthermore, some desirable properties of these operators are investigated in detail. Based on the proposed operators, an approach to MADM with dual hesitant fuzzy triangular linguistic information is proposed. Finally, a numerical example for investment alternative selection is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
The Effects of Using Chaotic Map on Improving the Performance of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Lu Hui , Wang Xiaoteng , Fei Zongming , Qiu Meikang
Published: March 2014

Chaotic maps play an important role in improving evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for avoiding the local optima and speeding up the convergence. However, different chaotic maps in different phases have different effects on EAs. This paper focuses on exploring the effects of chaotic maps and giving comprehensive guidance for improving multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) by series of experiments. NSGA‐II algorithm, a representative of MOEAs using the nondominated sorting and elitist strategy, is taken as the framework to study the effect of chaotic maps. Ten chaotic maps are applied in MOEAs in three phases, that is, initial population, crossover, and mutation operator. Multiobjective problems (MOPs) adopted are ZDT series problems to show the generality. Since the scale of some sequences generated by chaotic maps is changed to fit for MOPs, the correctness of scaling transformation of chaotic sequences is proved by measuring the largest Lyapunov exponent. The convergence metric γ and diversity metric Δ are chosen to evaluate the performance of new algorithms with chaos. The results of experiments demonstrate that chaotic maps can improve the performance of MOEAs, especially in solving problems with convex and piecewise Pareto front. In addition, cat map has the best performance in solving problems with local optima.
Mixed Higher Order Variational Model for Image Recovery
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Xiao Liang , Xiu Liancun
Published: March 2014

A novel mixed higher order regularizer involving the first and second degree image derivatives is proposed in this paper. Using spectral decomposition, we reformulate the new regularizer as a weighted L1‐L2 mixed norm of image derivatives. Due to the equivalent formulation of the proposed regularizer, an efficient fast projected gradient algorithm combined with monotone fast iterative shrinkage thresholding, called, FPG‐MFISTA, is designed to solve the resulting variational image recovery problems under majorization‐minimization framework. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regularization scheme by the experimental comparisons with total variation (TV) scheme, nonlocal TV scheme, and current second degree methods. Specifically, the proposed approach achieves better results than related state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of peak signal to ratio (PSNR) and restoration quality.
Exploring T Cell Reactivity to Gliadin in Young Children with Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease
Authors: Liu Edwin , McDaniel Kristen , Case Stephanie , Yu Liping , Gerhartz Bernd , Ostermann Nils , Fankhauser Gabriela , Hungerford Valerie , Zou Chao , Luyten Marcel , Seidl Katherine J. , Michels Aaron W.
Published: March 2014

Class II major histocompatibility molecules confer disease risk in Celiac disease (CD) by presenting gliadin peptides to CD4 T cells in the small intestine. Deamidation of gliadin peptides by tissue transglutaminase creates immunogenic peptides presented by HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 molecules to activate proinflammatory CD4 T cells. Detecting gliadin specific T cell responses from the peripheral blood has been challenging due to low circulating frequencies and heterogeneity in response to gliadin epitopes. We investigated the peripheral T cell responses to alpha and gamma gliadin epitopes in young children with newly diagnosed and untreated CD. Using peptide/MHC recombinant protein constructs, we are able to robustly stimulate CD4 T cell clones previously derived from intestinal biopsies of CD patients. These recombinant proteins and a panel ofα- andγ-gliadin peptides were used to assess T cell responses from the peripheral blood. Proliferation assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed more CD4 T cell responses toα-gliadin thanγ-gliadin peptides with a single deamidatedα-gliadin peptide able to identify 60% of CD children. We conclude that it is possible to detect T cell responses without a gluten challenge or in vitro stimulus other than antigen, when measuring proliferative responses.
Modelling of the Tangential Strain Rate Term in the Flame Surface Density Transport Equation in the Context of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Simulations: A Direct Numerical Simulation Analysis
Authors: Katragadda Mohit , Malkeson Sean P. , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: March 2014

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames with a range of different values of Karlovitz number Ka, turbulent Reynolds number Ret, heat release parameter τ, and global Lewis number Le has been used to assess the models of the tangential strain rate term in the generalised flame surface density (FSD) transport equation in the context of Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. The tangential strain rate term has been split into contributions arising due to dilatation rate TD and flame normal strain rate (−TN). Subsequently, TD and (−TN) were split into their resolved (i.e., TD1 and (−TN1)) and unresolved (TD2 and (−TN2)) components. Detailed physical explanations have been provided for the observed behaviours of the components of the tangential strain rate term. This analysis gave way to the modelling of the unresolved dilatation rate and flame normal strain rate contributions. Models have been identified for TD2 and (−TN2) for RANS simulations, which are shown to perform satisfactorily in all cases considered, accounting for the variations in Ka, Ret, τ and Le. The performance of the newly proposed models for the FSD strain rate term have been found to be either comparable to or better than the existing models.
Studying Summer Season Drought in Western Russia
Authors: Lupo Anthony R. , Mokhov Igor I. , Chendev Yury G. , Lebedeva Maria G. , Akperov Mirseid , Hubbart Jason A.
Published: March 2014

During the 2010 summer, a severe drought impacted Western Russia, including regions surrounding Moscow and Belgorod (about 700 km south of Moscow). The drought was accompanied by high temperatures. Moscow recorded 37.8°C (100°F) for the first time in over 130 years of record keeping. The record heat, high humidity, dry weather, and smoke from forest fires caused increased human mortality rates in the Moscow region during the summer. The excessive heat and humidity in Western Russia were the result of atmospheric blocking from June through mid-August. The NCAR-NCEP reanalyses were used to examine blocking in the Eastern European and Western Russia sector during the spring and summer seasons from 1970 to 2012. We found that drier years were correlated with stronger and more persistent blocking during the spring and summer seasons. During these years, the Moscow region was drier in the summer and Belgorod during the spring seasons. In the Moscow region, the drier summers were correlated with transitions from El Niño to La Niña, but the opposite was true in the Belgorod region. Synoptic flow regimes were then analyzed and support the contention that dry years are associated with more blocking and El Niño transitions.
Implications of Foot Ulceration in Hemodialysis Patients: A 5-Year Observational Study
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , El-Menyar Ayman , Koshy Valsa , Hussein Ahmed , Sharaf Ahmed , Asim Mohammad , Sadek Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Foot ulceration (FU) remains a serious concern for patients worldwide. We analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of FU in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for 252 HD patients who were followed up for 5 years. Patients were categorized according to whether they developed FU or not. The FU group (17%) was older and had significantly higher incidence of nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared to no-FU group. FU group had higher frequency of major amputation (P=0.001) and HD vascular access (P=0.01). Patients with combined DM and PAD had a 10-fold increased risk of FU in comparison to those who had DM alone. Presence of PAD was the main independent predictor for development of FU in HD with an adjusted odd ratio (aOR) of 16.0 (95% CI: 4.41–62.18;P=0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and CAD, predictors for mortality were PAD (aOR 4.3), FU (aOR 3.6), and DM (aOR 2.6). FU is common in HD patients regardless of DM. However, the presence of PAD is significantly associated with more FU and mortality in HD. HD patients need intensive foot care and warrant progressive modification of vascular risk factors.
One-Pot Synthesis of Metallopyrazinoporphyrazines Using 2,3-Diaminomaleonitrile and 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds Accelerated by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Maleki Ali , Rezayan Ali Hossein
Published: March 2014

A one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of metallopyrazinoporphyrazines as porphyrazine derivatives carrying six-membered pyrazine rings annulated at the periphery of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle is described starting from 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, metal salts, and urea.
Prognostic Factors for Long-Term Survival in Patients with Ampullary Carcinoma: The Results of a 15-Year Observation Period after Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Klein Fritz , Jacob Dietmar , Bahra Marcus , Pelzer Uwe , Puhl Gero , Krannich Alexander , Andreou Andreas , Gül Safak , Guckelberger Olaf
Published: March 2014

Introduction. Although ampullary carcinoma has the best prognosis among all periampullary carcinomas, its long-term survival remains low. Prognostic factors are only available for a period of 10 years after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify factors that influence the long-term patient survival over a 15-year observation period. Methods. From 1992 to 2007, 143 patients with ampullary carcinoma underwent pancreatic resection. 86 patients underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (60%) and 57 patients underwent standard Kausch-Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (40%). Results. The overall 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 79%, 40%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. Within a mean observation period of 30 (0–205) months, 100 (69%) patients died. Survival analysis showed that positive lymph node involvement P=0.001, lymphatic vessel invasion P=0.0001, intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells P=0.03, an elevated CA 19-9 P=0.03, jaundice P=0.04, and an impaired patient condition P=0.01 are strong negative predictors for a reduced patient survival. Conclusions. Patients with ampullary carcinoma have distinctly better long-term survival than patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Long-term survival depends strongly on lymphatic nodal and vessel involvement. Moreover, a preoperative elevated CA 19-9 proved to be a significant prognostic factor. Adjuvant therapy may be essential in patients with this risk constellation.
A Modeling Study of the Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the Vicinity of the Arctic Front
Authors: Mingalev Igor , Orlov Konstantin , Mingalev Victor
Published: March 2014

A regional mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed recently in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is applied to investigate the initial stage of the formation of polar lows at latitudes of the European Arctic. The mathematical model is based on numerical solving of nonsimplified gas dynamic equations and produces three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface. Simulation results indicated that the origin of a convexity in the configuration of the arctic front can lead to the formation of a polar low during the period of about one day.
A Method for Multiple Attribute Decision Making Based on the Fusion of Multisource Information
Authors: Zhang F. W. , Xu S. H. , Wang B. J. , Wu Z. J.
Published: March 2014

We propose a new method for the multiple attribute decision making problem. In this problem, the decision making information assembles multiple source data. Two main advantages of this proposed approach are that (i) it provides a data fusion technique, which can efficiently deal with the multisource decision making information; (ii) it can produce the degree of credibility of the entire decision making. The proposed method performs very well especially for the scenario that there exists conflict among the multiple source information. Finally, a traffic engineering example is given to illustrate the effect of our method.
Trafficability Analysis at Traffic Crossing and Parameters Optimization Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Authors: He Bin , Lu Qiang
Published: March 2014

In city traffic, it is important to improve transportation efficiency and the spacing of platoon should be shortened when crossing the street. The best method to deal with this problem is automatic control of vehicles. In this paper, a mathematical model is established for the platoon’s longitudinal movement. A systematic analysis of longitudinal control law is presented for the platoon of vehicles. However, the parameter calibration for the platoon model is relatively difficult because the platoon model is complex and the parameters are coupled with each other. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization method is introduced to effectively optimize the parameters of platoon. The proposed method effectively finds the optimal parameters based on simulations and makes the spacing of platoon shorter.
On Stability of Fixed Points for Multi-Valued Mappings with an Application
Authors: Song Qi-Qing
Published: March 2014

This paper studies the stability of fixed points for multi-valued mappings in relation to selections. For multi-valued mappings admitting Michael selections, some examples are given to show that the fixed point mapping of these mappings are neither upper semi-continuous nor almost lower semi-continuous. Though the set of fixed points may be not compact for multi-valued mappings admitting Lipschitz selections, by finding sub-mappings of such mappings, the existence of minimal essential sets of fixed points is proved, and we show that there exists at least an essentially stable fixed point for almost all these mappings. As an application, we deduce an essentially stable result for differential inclusion problems.
Discrete Weighted Pseudo-Almost Automorphy and Applications
Authors: Xia Zhinan
Published: March 2014

We deal with discrete weighted pseudo almost automorphy which extends some classical concepts and systematically explore its properties in Banach space including a composition result. As an application, we establish some sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of the discrete weighted pseudo almost automorphic solutions to the Volterra difference equations of convolution type and also to nonautonomous semilinear difference equations. Some examples are presented to illustrate the main findings.
Rhythms of Kinesthetic Empathy
Authors: Costello Brigid
Published: March 2014

This paper focuses on the rhythmic interrelationships between the sensing body and the sensing computer. The author proposes that the term kinesthetic empathy provides a useful way of deepening our understanding of feedback and control rhythms.
Billolivia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae from Vietnam with five new species
Authors: Middleton David , ATKINS HANNAH , TRUONG LUU HONG , NISHII KANAE , MÖLLER MICHAEL
Published: March 2014

Based on molecular and morphological data, the new genus Billolivia with five new species, B. longipetiolata, B. minutiflora, B. poilanei, B. vietnamensis and B. violacea, is described. IUCN conservation assessments are provided for the species.
Revision of the family Acidopsidae Števčić, 2005, and the systematic position of Typhlocarcinodes Alcock, 1900, Caecopilumnus Borradaile, 1902, and Raoulia Ng, 1987, with descriptions of two new genera and five new species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea)
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , RAHAYU DWI LISTYO
Published: March 2014

The family Acidopsidae Števčić, 2005, is revised; and two subfamilies are recognised. The Acidopsinae Števčić, 2005, is characterised by the coxal male opening, a quadrate basal antennal article and vulvae arranged near the median longitudinal thoracic sternal groove. Three genera are included in the Acidopsinae: Acidops Stimpson, 1871 (with two species), Parapilumnus Kossmann, 1877 (with two species) and Crinitocinus gen. nov. (monotypic for Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile, 1902). The Raouliinae Števčić, 2005 (= Typhlocarcinodidae Števčić, 2005; Caecopilumnidae Števčić, 2011), is characterised by its coxo-sternal male opening, a short basal antennal article which is distinctly wider than long and vulvae arranged submedially on thoracic sternite 6. Four genera are included in the Raouliinae: Raoulia Ng, 1987 (with five species, three of which are described as new), Caecopilumnus Borradaile, 1902 (with three species of which one is described as new), Typhlocarcinodes Alcock, 1900 (monotypic) and Thecaplax gen. nov. (for one new species).
“Growing Apart”: The Rise of Inequality
Authors: Ward Kate , Himes Kenneth R.
Published: March 2014

Economic inequality, particularly in the areas of income and wealth, has been steadily expanding in the United States. This reality is an issue for other nations as well. This article examines reasons why economic inequality deserves more attention from moral theologians. It also reviews recent literature on the topic and the need to restore equality of opportunity as a genuine aspect of American life.
Coming Home: Ethics and the American University
Authors: Keenan James F.
Published: March 2014

This article attempts to introduce readers to the field of university ethics. As distinct from academic ethics, which typically involves the study of the professional ethics of university faculty, covering such topics as cheating, letters of recommendation, dating students, and so forth, university ethics looks at the university as a whole and investigates the standards of ethics as they could appear across the campus in matters that pertain to student affairs, athletics, administration responsibilities, tuition prices, dormitory life, and so forth.
The Divine Dignity of Human Persons in Dignitatis humanae
Authors: Orsy Ladislas
Published: March 2014

This article concludes our formal series commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Vatican II. The author inquires about the idea of human dignity that inspired Dignitatis humanae, the Declaration on Religious Freedom. The idea is grounded in the fact that human beings are created in the image of God; they are intelligent and free, replicas of divine nature. They are called to meet God in their consciences, and serve God in obedience and love. Such a response must take place in an environment of freedom, internal and external. Five decades later the question is still alive: How ought the Church respect consciences? Further, the implementation of the Declaration in our contemporary world may demand that the “new evangelization” should begin with awakening human persons to their own dignity.