bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the requirements of prenatal UBE3A expression for rescue of behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model for Angelman syndrome
Authors: Sonzogni Monica , Zhai Peipei , Mientjes Edwin J. , van Woerden Geeske M. , Elgersma Ype
Published: September 2020

Background

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of functional ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A). In neurons, UBE3A expression is tightly regulated by a mechanism of imprinting which suppresses the expression of the paternal UBE3A allele. Promising treatment strategies for AS are directed at activating paternal UBE3A gene expression. However, for such strategies to be successful, it is important to know when such a treatment should start, and how much UBE3A expression is needed for normal embryonic brain development.

Methods

Using a conditional mouse model of AS, we further delineated the critical period for UBE3A expression during early brain development. Ube3a gene expression was induced around the second week of gestation and mouse phenotypes were assessed using a behavioral test battery. To investigate the requirements of embryonic UBE3A expression, we made use of mice in which the paternal Ube3a allele was deleted.

Results

We observed a full behavioral rescue of the AS mouse model phenotypes when Ube3a gene reactivation was induced around the start of the last week of mouse embryonic development. We found that full silencing of the paternal Ube3a allele was not completed till the first week after birth but that deletion of the paternal Ube3a allele had no significant effect on the assessed phenotypes.

Limitations

Direct translation to human is limited, as we do not precisely know how human and mouse brain development aligns over gestational time. Moreover, many of the assessed phenotypes have limited translational value, as the underlying brain regions involved in these tasks are largely unknown.

Conclusions

Our findings provide further important insights in the requirement of UBE3A expression during brain development. We found that loss of up to 50% of UBE3A protein during prenatal mouse brain development does not significantly impact the assessed mouse behavioral phenotypes. Together with previous findings, our results indicate that the most critical function for mouse UBE3A lies in the early postnatal period between birth and P21.
Facilitating islet transplantation using a three-step approach with mesenchymal stem cells, encapsulation, and pulsed focused ultrasound
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Ren Tanchen , Zheng Fengyang , Telichko Arsenii , Wang Jing , Dahl Jeremy J. , Demirci Utkan , Thakor Avnesh S.
Published: September 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a three-step approach that utilizes the application of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), encapsulation, and pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) to help the engraftment and function of transplanted islets.

Methods

In step 1, islets were co-cultured with AD-MSCs to form a coating of AD-MSCs on islets: here, AD-MSCs had a cytoprotective effect on islets; in step 2, islets coated with AD-MSCs were conformally encapsulated in a thin layer of alginate using a co-axial air-flow method: here, the capsule enabled AD-MSCs to be in close proximity to islets; in step 3, encapsulated islets coated with AD-MSCs were treated with pFUS: here, pFUS enhanced the secretion of insulin from islets as well as stimulated the cytoprotective effect of AD-MSCs.

Results

Our approach was shown to prevent islet death and preserve islet functionality in vitro. When 175 syngeneic encapsulated islets coated with AD-MSCs were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of diabetic mice, and then followed every 3 days with pFUS treatment until day 12 post-transplantation, we saw a significant improvement in islet function with diabetic animals re-establishing glycemic control over the course of our study (i.e., 30 days). In addition, our approach was able to enhance islet engraftment by facilitating their revascularization and reducing inflammation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that our clinically translatable three-step approach is able to improve the function and viability of transplanted islets.
A non-integer sliding mode controller to stabilize fractional-order nonlinear systems
Authors: Haghighi Ahmadreza , Ziaratban Roveida
Published: September 2020

In this study, we examine the stabilization of fractional-order chaotic nonlinear dynamical systems with model uncertainties and external disturbances. We used the sliding mode controller by a new approach for controlling and stabilization of these systems. In this research, we replaced a continuous function with the sign function in the controller design and the sliding surface to suppress chattering and undesirable vibration effects. The advantages of the proposed control method are rapid convergence to the equilibrium point, the absence of chattering and unwanted oscillations, high resistance to uncertainties, and the possibility of applying this method to most fractional order chaotic systems. We applied the direct method of Lyapunov stability theory and the frequency distributed model to prove the stability of the slip surface and closed loop system. Finally, we simulated this method on two commonly used and practical chaotic systems and presented the results.
The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia
Authors: O’Hara T. D. , Williams A. , Ahyong S. T. , Alderslade P. , Alvestad T. , Bray D. , Burghardt I. , Budaeva N. , Criscione F. , Crowther A. L. , Ekins M. , Eléaume M. , Farrelly C. A. , Finn J. K. , Georgieva M. N. , Graham A. , Gomon M. , Gowlett-Holmes K. , Gunton L. M. , Hallan A. , Hosie A. M. , Hutchings P. , Kise H. , Köhler F. , Konsgrud J. A. , Kupriyanova E. , Lu C. C. , Mackenzie M. , Mah C. , MacIntosh H. , Merrin K. L. , Miskelly A. , Mitchell M. L. , Moore K. , Murray A. , O’Loughlin P. M. , Paxton H. , Pogonoski J. J. , Staples D. , Watson J. E. , Wilson R. S. , Zhang J. , Bax N. J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks.

Methods

The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.

Results

The biological sampling included 35 beam trawls, 28 Brenke sleds, 8 box cores, 20 surface meso-zooplankton tows, and 7 Deep Towed Camera transects. In total, 25,710 specimens were identified to 1084 taxonomic entities, including 847 species-level, 144 genus-level and 69 family-level and 24 higher-level taxa. Of the species-level taxa, only 457 were assigned species-level taxonomic names, which implies that up to 58% of the collected fauna is undescribed. In addition, the ranges of numerous species have been extended to include the western Tasman Sea.

Conclusions

The lower bathyal and abyssal fauna of soft sediment seafloors off eastern Australia has been systematically surveyed for the first time. The resultant collections will provide the foundation for much future ecological, biogeographical, phylogenetic and taxonomic research.
Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using phase contrast cine MR imaging
Authors: Belal Tamer , Al Tantawy Abd-Elhalim , Sherif Fatema Mohamed , Ramadan Alshaimaa
Published: September 2020

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects overweight women in the middle age period. The pathophysiology of IIH stays unclear, but suggested mechanisms include excess CSF production, reduced CSF absorption, increased brain water content, and increased cerebral venous pressure

Objectives

To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamic changes in aqueduct of Sylvius in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with new MRI technique: phase contrast cine MRI (PCC-MRI).

Methods

Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were divided into 3 groups according to treatment options (no treatment, medical treatment, and medical treatment with repeated lumbar tapping). CSF flow data were evaluated by phase contrast cine MRI.

Results

PCC-MRI parameters were significantly higher in group who was on medical treatment (group II) than other groups. The sensitivity of PCC MRI parameters ranged from 56.7 (stroke volume (SV) and mean flow (MF)) to 83.3% (peak systolic velocity (PSV)). A statistically significant difference was found for the mean flow value (p 0.039) between the control group and IIH patients.

Conclusion

The most specific CSF flowmetry parameter detected to help diagnosis of IIH is mean flow especially among early discovered patients. PCC MRI can be used as non-invasive technique for diagnosis of IIH and treatment follow-up.
Comparative study of African catfish parasites from cultured and natural habitats
Authors: Afolabi Olajide Joseph , Olususi Fayokemi Christianah , Odeyemi Olusola Olasumbo
Published: September 2020

Background

The study was conducted to compare parasitic loads ofClarias gariepinusfrom cultured and natural habitats. A total number of 80 live adults (200–799 g)C. gariepinuscomprising of 20 each were randomly obtained from two cultured habitats (ponds) and two natural habitats (rivers). In the laboratory, these fish were all examined for the presence of parasites. Their sexes were identified while the lengths and weights were measured and recorded prior to dissection. The parasites observed were also identified using morphological characteristics.

Results

Out of the 80C. gariepinussampled, 43 (53.75%) were infected and a total of 409 parasites comprising of 141 (34.47%) ectoparasites and 268 (65.53%) endoparasites were observed from the infected fish. The prevalence of parasitic infection in cultured and natural habitats was 20% and 33.75%, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) in parasitic infection ofC. gariepinusobtained from cultured and natural habitats. Parasitic loads were observed to be significantly higher in natural habitat (33.74% and 26.16% for river A and river B, respectively) compared to cultured habitat (20.54% and 19.55% for pond A and pond B, respectively). The prevalence of parasites in relation to sexes ofC. gariepinuswas not significantly different (P> 0.05) for both habitats. It was also noted that catfishes with body weight 500–599 g had the highest prevalence (100%) both in cultured and natural habitats.

Conclusions

The study showed that the parasite loads were more inC. gariepinusobtained from natural habitat compared to those obtained from cultured habitat. It is therefore recommended that the sanitary conditions under which fishes are reared in fish pond should be improved and fish stocked from natural habitats or unscreened ponds should be quarantined to eliminate and treat possible parasitic infection before introducing them into other fish ponds.
Decrease of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B by glutamate exposure in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats
Authors: Kang Ju-Bin , Park Dong-Ju , Son Hyun-Kyoung , Koh Phil-Ok
Published: September 2020

Glutamate induces neurotoxicity during brain development, causing nerve damage. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a type of serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates various biological functions. Among the PP2A subunit types, subunit B is abundant in brain tissue and plays an essential role in the nervous system. This study investigated changes in PP2A subunit B expression through glutamate exposure in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. Sprague-Dawley rat pups (7 days after birth) were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or glutamate (10 mg/kg). After 4 h of drug treatment, the brain tissue was isolated and fixed for morphological study. In addition, the cerebral cortex was collected for RNA and protein works. We observed severe histopathological changes including swollen neuron and atrophied dendrite in the glutamate exposed cerebral cortex. Glutamate exposure leads to a decrease in PP2A subunit B. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that glutamate induces a decrease of PP2A subunit B in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. Moreover, immunohistochemical study showed a decrease in PP2A subunit B positive cells. The reduction of PP2A subunit B expression is considered an indicator of neurodegenerative damage. These results suggest that glutamate exposure causes neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex of new born rats through a decrease in PP2A subunit B.
Inferior Adrenal Artery PI in Fetuses with IUGR: Value Indicating Early Blood Redistribution and Steroidogenic Response
Authors: Xu Ran , Zhu Ziling , Tang Wenjuan , Zhou Qichang , Zeng Shi
Published: September 2020

Objective

To characterize the inferior adrenal artery (IAA) pulsatility index (PI) in intrauterine growth–restricted (IUGR) fetuses without brain sparing.

Methods

Twenty-three IUGR fetuses with a normal Doppler cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and 23 normal controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The PI of the IAA was recorded using routine transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. The differences in Doppler characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and steroidogenesis in the umbilical vein at birth (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] and cortisol [F] levels) were compared between the 2 groups. The correlations between IAA-PI and steroidogenesis were assessed in the IUGR group.

Results

IAA-PI was significantly lower in IUGR fetuses than in normal controls (0.85 vs 1.18 at first scan, 0.78 vs 0.92 at last scan; both P < 0.001). The plasma F and ACTH levels in IUGR cases were significantly higher than those of the normal controls (18.2 vs 12.4 µg/dL and 280.5 vs 125.6 pg/mL for F and ACTH, respectively; both P < 0.001). There were negative correlations between IAA-PI and plasma F values and between IAA-PI and ACTH values in the IUGR group (r = −0.774 and −0.82 at first scan, r = −0.525 and −0.45 at last scan, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Increased adrenal gland blood flow with concomitant increases in ACTH and F levels were observed in IUGR fetuses. IAA-PI is useful to assess early blood redistribution and may be beneficial for evaluating the steroidogenic response in high-risk pregnancies.
Effectiveness of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Intensive Care Unit Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Taboada Manuel , González Mariana , Álvarez Antía , González Irene , García Javier , Eiras María , Vieito María Diaz , Naveira Alberto , Otero Pablo , Campaña Olga , Muniategui Ignacio , Tubio Ana , Costa Jose , Selas Salomé , Cariñena Agustín , Martínez Adrián , Veiras Sonia , Aneiros Francisco , Caruezo Valentín , Baluja Aurora , Alvarez Julian
Published: September 2020

Background:

In the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prone positioning (PP) during mechanical ventilation for periods of 12–16 h/d to potentially improve oxygenation and survival. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the ability of long PP sessions to improve oxygenation in awake intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

METHODS:

The study was approved by the ethics committee of Galicia (code No. 2020-188), and all patients provided informed consent. In this case series, awake patients with moderate or severe ARDS by COVID-19 admitted to the ICU at University Hospital of Santiago from March 21 to April 5, 2020 were prospectively analyzed. Patients were instructed to remain in PP as long as possible until the patient felt too tired to maintain that position. Light sedation was administered with dexmedetomidine. The following information was collected: number and duration of PP sessions; tissue O2 saturation (Sto2
) and blood gases before, during, and following a PP session; need of mechanical ventilation; duration of ICU admission; and ICU outcome. Linear mixed-effects models (LMM) were fit to estimate changes from baseline with a random effect for patient.

RESULTS:

Seven patients with moderate or severe ARDS by COVID-19 were included. All patients received at least 1 PP session. A total of 16 PP sessions were performed in the 7 patients during the period study. The median duration of PP sessions was 10 hours. Dexmedetomidine was used in all PP sessions. Oxygenation increased in all 16 sessions performed in the 7 patients. The ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (Pao
2/Fio
2) significantly increased during PP (change from baseline 110 with 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 19-202) and, after PP, albeit not significantly (change from baseline 38 with 97.5% CI, −9.2 to 85) compared with previous supine position. Similarly, tissue oxygenation underwent a small improvement during PP (change from baseline 2.6% with 97.5% CI, 0.69-4.6) without significant changes after PP. Two patients required intubation. All patients were discharged from the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that PP improved oxygenation in ICU patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe ARDS. PP was relatively well tolerated in our patients and may be a simple strategy to improve oxygenation trying to reduce the number of patients in mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU, especially in COVID-19 pandemic.
Barrier Devices, Intubation, and Aerosol Mitigation Strategies: Personal Protective Equipment in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Fried Eric A. , Zhou George , Shah Ronak , Shin Da Wi , Shah Anjan , Katz Daniel , Burnett Garrett W.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Numerous barrier devices have recently been developed and rapidly deployed worldwide in an effort to protect health care workers (HCWs) from exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during high-risk procedures. However, only a few studies have examined their impact on the dispersion of droplets and aerosols, which are both thought to be significant contributors to the spread of COVID-19.

METHODS:

Two commonly used barrier devices, an intubation box and a clear plastic intubation sheet, were evaluated using a physiologically accurate cough simulator. Aerosols were modeled using a commercially available fog machine, and droplets were modeled with fluorescein dye. Both particles were propelled by the cough simulator in a simulated intubation environment. Data were captured by high-speed flash photography, and aerosol and droplet dispersion were assessed qualitatively with and without a barrier in place.

RESULTS:

Droplet contamination after a simulated cough was seemingly contained by both barrier devices. Simulated aerosol escaped the barriers and flowed toward the head of the bed. During barrier removal, simulated aerosol trapped underneath was released and propelled toward the HCW at the head of the bed. Usage of the intubation sheet concentrated droplets onto a smaller area. If no barrier was used, positioning the patient in slight reverse Trendelenburg directed aerosols away from the HCW located at the head of the bed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our observations imply that intubation boxes and sheets may reduce HCW exposure to droplets, but they both may merely redirect aerosolized particles, potentially resulting in increased exposure to aerosols in certain circumstances. Aerosols may remain within the barrier device after a cough, and manipulation of the box may release them. Patients should be positioned to facilitate intubation, but slight reverse Trendelenburg may direct infectious aerosols away from the HCW. Novel barrier devices should be used with caution, and further validation studies are necessary.
Queer Film Settings as Sites of Resistance
Authors: Küçük Serdar
Published: September 2020

The following article investigates the origins and functions of particular settings in queer films by examining four examples from different national contexts: Shortbus (dir. John Cameron Mitchell, US, 2006), Weekend (dir. Andrew Haigh, UK, 2011), Stranger by the Lake (L’inconnu du lac, dir. Alain Guiraudie, France, 2013), and Tropical Malady (Sud pralad, dir. Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thailand, 2004). The textual analyses highlight a range of prevalent queer film settings, such as the road and nature, in which queer characters take refuge. The study aims to identify a transnational countercultural stance in various uses of setting by concentrating on the notion of escape in a theoretical framework that draws on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, José Muñoz, and Marc Augé. In the context of the study, the production of alternative spaces in queer cinema is treated as a revolutionary practice that challenges homophobia and heteronormativity, which sometimes coexist with class inequality and racism. The discussion finally suggests that there is a social critique of civilization behind the escapism and pessimism, as well as utopianism, in queer cinema.
Assessment of low intensivities γ-irradiation chronic influence on the state of thiol-disulphide exchange in the small intestine of rats
Authors: Anchev A. S.
Published: September 2020

Today considerable attention is paid to the effects of ionizing radiation.chronic exposure in low doses and intensivity to humans and other bio-objects. The changes in the structural characteristics of the genome, nuclear, microsomal, mitochondrial, plasma membranes, cell proliferation, and the processes underlying radioresistance / radiosensitivity caused by irradiation have been experimentally studied. prolonged exposure to ionizing rays in small doses gradually causes a decrease in the endogenous reserve of thiol-dependent systems, and their complete depletion, which negatively affects the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors. There is a possibility of disturbances in the synthesis of  thiol disulfide high molecular weight components. The objective: to study the state of thiol disulfide, glutathione redox system and acetylcholinesterase activity in the small intestine of rats of different sexes and ages  under physiological conditions and under conditions of prolonged γ-irradiation in a total dose of 0.75 and 1.0 Gy. Results. It has been established that in a small bowel of intact mature rats after prolonged total γ-irradiation with a dose of 1.0 Gy, there were quite significant changes in the content of thiol compounds in the tissues of the small intestine. It was found that the content of SH-groups of protein origin in the tissues of the small intestine decreased relative to the age of control group animals by 28.8% and at the same time was lower than the value of males of the previous stage by 32.8%. The number of disulfide groups of protein origin in the small intestine of males three months after irradiation at a total dose of 1.0 Gy, relative to the same age control group animals, was 85.6% and at the same time was lower than the previous stage by 31.8%. Conclusions: 1.Under physiological conditions there are clear gender and age differences in the functional state of thiol-disulfide, glutathione redox system and acetylcholinesterase activity.Prolonged total γ-irradiation in the total dose of 0.75 and 1.0 Gy causes quite stable and profound changes in the functional state of the systems under study.The dependence of the detected changes on the time elapsed after radiation damage, the dose of γ-irradiation and the sex of the animals is clearly monitored.4. Females have been shown to be more radioresistant than males.
Psychosomatic aspects of motion and seasickness - a literature review and evaluation according to QUADAS-2 tool
Authors: Podstawka Zuzanna , Zieliński Grzegorz , Gawda Piotr
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGreater affluence and cheaper travelling have enabled a rapid increase in the number of people travelling around the world. About two thirds of travelers have experienced symptoms of motion sickness at least once. A known type of motion sickness is sea sickness.In extreme situations can concern as many as 60 % of even an experienced crew andas many as from 60 to 90% inexperienced sailors. Growing number research of is linking this disease to a psychosomatic reaction. The aim of the study was to review the literature on psychosomatic aspects of motion and seasickness and to evaluate them according to QUADAS-2 tool.Materials and methodsMaterials for this literature review were found by two authors using PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. A combination of the keywords „seasickness”, „motion sickness”, „psychology” (according to Medical Subjects Headings- MeSH) was used to identify relevant studies. Finally, five publications were qualified for literature review. Each publication qualified for review was evaluated in accordance with the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Testing (QUADAS-2).ResultsThe knowledge gained from 4 studies indicated that there is a relationship between the symptoms of motion- and seasickness and psychological conditions, and one of them suggests that these relationships are small.According to the QUADAS-2 tool, there is low possibility of making mistakes in patient selection and test indexes, but the studies are at risk of bias in terms of time and flow.ConclusionsConsidering all the reports on this subject, it is suggested that psychological factors related to personality traits, self-control and neuroticism have a significant impact on motion sickness, including seasickness. It is recommended to conduct further research on the subject.
Self-assessment of the competences of early childhood education teachers to conduct lessons of physical activities
Authors: Kowalska Jolanta Elżbieta , Kowalewski Michał
Published: September 2020

Primary school education is the most important stage in a child's development. Therefore, it is very important that the first teacher, who is an authority for a young child, is competent in all areas of education, including the implementation of physical activities.Based on the results of the research presented in this article, an attempt was made to determine the self-assessment of early childhood education teachers regarding their competence to conduct physical education activities. The research was conducted in 2015 during a training course for teachers from the Łódź Province, by the Laboratory of Physical and Health Education at the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University of Łódź. The research results were prepared on the basis of interviews with 30 teachers working in primary schools in grades 1-3, participating in the trainingThis study presents the answers of the surveyed teachers to 10 questions. Most of the respondents assessed their competences to conduct physical activities quite well. They would be eager to learn in this area if the courses put more emphasis on the practical side, and if they had the opportunity to transfer the acquired skills to their schools.
The efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in neoplasm treatment
Authors: Psiuk Dominika , Rocka Agata , Żak Klaudia , Tomczyk Żaklina , Filip Agata
Published: September 2020

Introduction and purpose: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are associated with epigenetic regulation of gene expression. They are responsible of adequate action of not only histone proteins, but also crucial cell cycle proteins, such as p53, NF‐κB or alpha tubulin. Recent studies have shown the connection between expression of HDAC and carcinogenesis and impact of HDAC inhibitors on cancer therapy. The aim of the study was to review the recent studies on HDAC inhibitors efficiency in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors. It is a study review from 2010 to 2020 using the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov. Description of state of knowledge: Most studies related to HDAC inhibitors impact in hematological neoplasms, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell lymphomas and acute myeloid leukemia. Among studied agents panobinostat, vorinostat and showed efficacy. Moreover, some HDACi demonstrated effectiveness in solid tumors treatment, foremost vorinostat in breast cancer and entinostat in non-small cell lung lymphoma. Summary: Including HDAC inhibitors in tumor treatment could be beneficial for patients, especially those with advanced, relapsed or refractory hematologic neoplasm. However, further studies are necessary to confirm their efficacy and to reveal side effects.
The analysis of a wide spectrum of activity of Sodium-Glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. A literature review
Authors: Kozioł Magdalena , Krasowska Danuta , Lewicki Marcin , Pawlicki Mateusz , Łopuszyńska Anna , Krasa Aleksandra , Piekarska Ewa
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The discovery of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors is attributed to phlorizin, which after oral administration caused the excretion of glucose in urine. Later studies showed that this effect was conditioned by SGLT-2 inhibition. However, this substance has not been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus due to its non-selective action. Beeing also active against SGLT-1 transporters in alimentary tract, it causes osmotic diarrhea, dehydration and eventually malnutrition. Currently in Poland, gliflozins are used only in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2, especially with coexisting obesity and high cardio-vascular risk. However, as many human and animal studies show, the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors can be observed in many systems and organs.Results: The best known non-anti-diabetic action is the reduction of body fat and protection against fat accumulation following a high-calorie diet. These compounds reduce the production of endogenous fatty acids. Moreover, gliflozines lower the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and aminotransferases. They have a protective effect on the liver because they cause remission of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). They lower the cardiovascular risk and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, they inhibit vascular remodeling and improve hemodynamic conditions.Conclusions: According to many research, gliflozines have many collateral effects which can be used in the clinic as a treatment of diseases other than diabetes or coexisting with it. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are among the most important health problems in the modern world. SGLT-2 inhibitors can prevent the above-mentioned diseases and reduce them.
Physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients – why lack of motivation to exercise is present?
Authors: Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka , Tomska Natalia , Uzdzicki Artur , Przybylski Tomasz , Dutkiewicz Grażyna , Rotter Iwona
Published: September 2020

In recent years a great interest in rehabilitation and physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients have developed. Despite having numerous exercise options, adverse effects of a lack of movement still are seen in this group of patients. The reasons of insufficient physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients are complications related to chronic diseases and renal replacement therapy. For patients suffering from kidney failure it is crucial to adhere to recommendations relating to regular physical activity in order to maintain health and good quality of life.
Influence of unwanted thoughts about other people on drivers' attention processes
Authors: Makowiec Piotr
Published: September 2020

The author of this paper is interested in the significance of the emergence of unwanted automatic thoughts in the form of stereotypes for the attention abilities of drivers.
Physical activity as an essential aspect of integral upbringing
Authors: Dobosiewicz Anna , Bach Bartłomiej , Litwa Ewelina , Badiuk Nataliia
Published: September 2020

Integral upbringing of a young person is an extremely important issue. This type of upbringing consists of many different factors. Speaking of human upbringing, it is also necessary to take into account the complexity of the human person (psycho-physical-spiritual). The physical activity of a young person is one of the elements which significantly influence his integral upbringing. Sports tasks undertaken at a young age and their positive consequences will be meaningful in the adult life of a growing man.
Biological effects of cold and its use in sport
Authors: Litwa Ewelina , Dobosiewicz Anna , Różański Gracjan , Badiuk Nataliia
Published: September 2020

Using the cold properly can have many health benefits. The impact of cold on the human body is multidimensional and affects various systems and organs. Cold has found its application in medicine, sport, biological regeneration and physical recreation in the form of cold baths.
Assessment of physical activity of residents of Bydgoszcz using the international physical activity questionnaire IPAQ
Authors: Ziółkowska Anna , Kasperska Paulina , Oleksy Eliza , Stemplowski Wojciech , Zukow Xawery , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Currently, we live in the age of promoting a healthy lifestyle and encouraging physical activity, which justifies conducting a survey on the level of physical activity of the population living in Bydgoszcz. The results of the observation carried out will allow for the analysis of changes in physical activity of Bydgoszcz residents over the years in the future.

Material and methods: 199 people living in Bydgoszcz, 97 women and 102 men participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents is 37.7 years, mean BMI: 25.84. The study was conducted using the Polish version of the IPAQ - Long version.

Results: 84.42% (n = 168) of respondents were physically active, 12.06% (n = 24) of respondents were sufficiently physically active, and 3.52% (n = 7) were insufficiently physically active.

Conclusions: The physical activity of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is at a high level, but the in-depth analysis of the results encourages the education in the aim to increase the level even more and to conduct more research.
Deal or No Deal? Online Deals, Retailer Heterogeneity, and Brand Evaluations in a Competitive Environment
Authors: Mejia Jorge , Gopal Anandasivam , Trusov Michael
Published: September 2020

Daily deal platforms, such as Groupon, peaked in the mid-2000s, by letting retailers offer 50% promotions to consumers using an app. When used right, retailers were able to get consumers to try them for the first time and build a customer base. When used wrong, retailers lost revenue unnecessarily and sometimes went out of business. Even now, in 2020, you can find lovers and haters of daily deals, and yet they remain an integral part of the marketing mix for many retailers. One lingering question about these deals remained: How do customers perceive a retailer that offers daily deals before going to the retailer? Do retailers look desperate or confident? Through a series of laboratory experiments, we test whether offering a deal changes consumers’ preconsumption brand evaluations. Our research shows that brand evaluations are contingent on the retailer type (i.e., price segment and age), the success of the current deals offered (i.e., number of page visits and purchases), and the number of competitors that are also using deals. Together, our work demonstrates specific conditions where offering deals may lead to positive or negative consumer perceptions even before arriving at the retailer.
COVID-19: Managing risk when returning to school
Authors: Henry Heather
Published: September 2020

Heather Henry discusses how to protect children's mental and physical wellbeing in the classroom
Effect of Temperature on the Performance Factors and Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane of Hydrogen Fuel Cell: A Narrative Review
Authors: Salam M. Abdus , Habib Md Shehan , Arefin Paroma , Ahmed Kawsar , Uddin Md Sahab , Hossain Tareq , Papri Nasrin
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen fuel cell technology is now being extensively researched around the world to find a reliable renewable energy source. Global warming, national calamities, fossil-fuel shortages have drawn global attention to environment friendly and renewable energy source. The hydrogen fuel cell technology most certainly fits those requisites. New researches facilitate improving performance, endurance, cost-efficiency, and overcoming limitations of the fuel cells. The various factors affecting the features and the efficiency of a fuel cell must be explored in the course of advancement in a specific manner. Temperature is one of the most critical performance-changing parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). In this review paper, we have discussed the impact of temperature on the efficiency and durability of the hydrogen fuel cell, more precisely, on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). We found that increase in temperature increases the performance and efficiency, power production, voltage, leakage current, but decreases mass crossover and durability. But we concluded with the findings that an optimum temperature is required for the best performance.
Short Communication: Strong genetic differentiation of the endemic rosin-producing tree Styrax sumatrana (Styracaceae) in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , SUSILOWATI ARIDA , ELFIATI DENI , HARTINI KANSIH SRI , FARADILLAH WIZA NONI
Published: September 2020

Rachmat HH, Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Hartini KS, Faradillah WN. 2017. Short Communication: Strong genetic differentiation of the endemic rosin-producing tree Styrax sumatrana (Styracaceae) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1331-1335. Styrax sumatrana is an economically important rosin-producing tree endemic to North Sumatra, Indonesia. Distribution of this species is very limited, and the high rate of forest degradation in Sumatra is increasing the necessity for conservation. To quantify genetic variation and population structuring, we collected individuals from 3 populations namely Pakpak Bharat, Humbang Hasundutan (Humbahas) and Tapanuli Utara in which each of the population was represented by 10 individuals. However, the successful rate of amplification was varied among populations and for later analysis, we only took an account those sequences showing clear electropherograms and disposed those which showed ambiguity. We sequenced trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region yielded 941 bp after alignment. The trnL-trnF assigned the species into 4 haplotypes in which Pakpak Bharat was differentiated significantly and not shared any similar haplotypes with two others populations. Humbahas and Tapanuli Utara was shared one common haplotype. Mean nucleotide diversity at silent sites ranged 0 - 3.33 x 10-3, while nucleotide diversity at non-synonymous site ranged 0 - 5.9 x 10-4. Strong genetic differentiation was also found among 3 origin populations, with the highest pairwise genetic differentiation found on Pakpak Bharat and Tapanuli Utara (FST= 0.80952). Clear and apparent genetic structuring was possibly caused by geographical barriers such as highland and mountain ranges (Bukit Barisan mountain ranges) which acted as effective barriers to gene flow among population. The findings suggest that conservation efforts should focus on every population because each of the population maintains distinct genetic identity.
Identification and characterization of morphological diversity of Lemba (Curculigo latifolia) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: RADEN INCE , NUGROHO CANDRA CATUR , SYAHRANI SYAHRANI
Published: September 2020

Raden I, Nugroho CC. Syahrani. 2017. Identification and characterization of morphological diversity of Lemba (Curculigo latifolia) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1367-1376. Lemba (Curculigo latifolia) is Kalimantanâ€™s land prospective for commercial cultivation because its leaf fiber has been traditionally utilized as fiber source for ulap doyo woven cloth; its fruit as sweetener; and its root as medicinal herb. To this days, only a few of research has been conducted on lemba in East Kalimantan or even in Indonesia, including studies on lemba plant phenotype suitable for weaving material. Thus, a research about identification and morphological characterization of lemba cultivars is necessary to identify and characterize lemba plant in East Kalimantan to reveal phenotypic variability in both quantitative and qualitative traits that can be utilized as the source of germplasm for the plant breeding program. This study was carried out in three Sub-districts, i.e.: Tenggarong Sub-district (Kutai Kartanegara District), Kota Bangun Subdistrict (Kutai Kartanegara District), and Jempang Sub-district (West Kutai District). Data collection was done by observation, and measurement of quantitative and qualitative traits of lemba plant. Descriptive analysis was applied on the morphological traits data, while correlation analysis was performed to reveal relationship between the qualitative and quantitative morphological traits by using software Minitab v.14.12. Phenotypic variability was determined based on the standard deviation. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the data were performed by using software SPSS v.11.6. The variance value of the 33 observed lemba plant accessions from the three Sub-districts indicated that the phenotypic variability of the qualitative traits was narrow while that of the quantitative traits was broad. There are three principal components that account for the observed variability with a cumulative variance of 96% which is obtained from 19 observed traits. Cluster analysis at similarity 95% indicates that there are five lemba accessions groups based on only qualitative, only quantitative, or based on combined qualitative and quantitative traits.
Short Communication: The potential of various indigenous Trichoderma spp. to suppress Plasmodiophora brassicae the pathogen of clubroot disease on cabbage
Authors: SUADA I KETUT
Published: September 2020

Suada IK. 2017. Short Communication: The potential of various indigenous Trichoderma spp. to suppress Plasmodiophora brassicae, the pathogen of clubroot disease on cabbage. Biodiversitas 18: 1424-1429. On the island of Bali, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is a vegetable that has high economic value especially for farmers who cultivate it as a cash crop. However, the clubroot disease caused by the microbial pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae decreases its productivity. Much effort has been expended in attempts to decrease the pathogen attack by use of synthetic fungicides, however, this has not had much success; more over such pesticide applications generate environmental pollution. Therefore, biological control using Trichoderma or other organisms antagonistic to the pathogen is an attractive alternative. The purpose of this study was to find, isolate and identify Trichoderma spp. able to decrease the disease incidence and increase plant growth. Twelve indigenous Trichoderma isolates were tested on cabbage plants grown in polybags containing local soil media culture treated with the Trichoderma inocula at a concentration of 1.5x106 CFU per polybag. The results showed that three Trichoderma isolates, i.e. T. hamatum-1, T. harzianum-1, and T. harzianum-2, were able to decrease the clubroot disease and increase cabbage growth as well.
Digital intrusions: technology, spatiality and violence against women
Authors: Harris Bridget , Vitis Laura
Published: September 2020

Technologies have transformed self-expression, interactions and relationships. Temporal and geographic boundaries have been tested and overcome by instantaneous and borderless contact, communication and monitoring. Unfortunately, this has provided new channels and opportunities to extend and exacerbate gendered violence and other forms of hate. We contend that the unique features of digital harms warrant attention, but ultimately online harms cannot be divorced from those which occur offline. Drawing on what Kelly (1987; 1988; 2012) conceptualised as a ‘continuum of violence’ (and what Stanko, 1985, refers to as climates of ‘unsafety’), digital violence is, we suggest, part of the spectrum of harm to which women are exposed throughout their life-worlds. The industries that create technologies do not exist in a vacuum, and we explore how the workforce, design and management of platforms not only reflects but reinforces ‘offline’ inequalities and facilitates violence. There are challenges in harnessing technology but, in closing, we explore ways that women can claim and create digital spaces to resist violence and seek ‘justice’.
Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate based scalable terahertz pulse sources in reflection geometry
Authors: o Krizsán Gergö , Tibai Zoltán , Hebling János , Pálfalvi László , Almási Gábor , Tóth György
Published: September 2020

A new type of THz source, working in reflection geometry, is proposed, where the pulse-front-tilt is introduced by a periodically micro-structured metal profile. For optical coupling, high refractive index nanocomposite fluid is used between the nonlinear optical material and the structured metal surface. Numerical simulations predict ∼87 and ∼85% optimized diffraction efficiencies for lithium niobate and lithium tantalate at 1030 and 800 nm pump wavelengths. The largest diffraction efficiencies can be achieved for a larger refractive index of the nanocomposite fluid than the index of the nonlinear material, for both cases. THz generation efficiencies of ∼3 and ∼1% are predicted for lithium niobate and lithium tantalate, respectively.
Emerging micro-additive manufacturing technologies enabled by novel optical methods
Authors: Lin Wei , Chen Dihan , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in micro-additive manufacturing enabled by novel optical methods with an emphasis on photopolymerization-based printing processes. Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has become an important engineering solution to construct customized components or functional devices at low cost. As a green manufacturing technology, 3D printing has the advantages of high energy efficiency, low material consumption, and high precision. The rapid advancement of 3D printing technology has broadened its applications from laboratory research to industrial manufacturing. Generally, 3D objects to be printed are constructed digitally [e.g., via computer-aided design (CAD) programs] by connecting a 3D dot array, where a dot is defined as a voxel through mechanical, electrical, or optical means. The voxel size ranges from a few orders of magnitude of the wavelength of light to the sub-diffraction limit, achieved by material nonlinearity and precise power thresholding. In recent years, extensive research in optical additive manufacturing has led to various breakthroughs in quality, rate, and reproducibility. In this paper, we review various micro-3D printing techniques, including single-photon and two-photon processes, with a focus on innovative optical methods, e.g., ultrafast beam shaping, digital holography, and temporal focusing. We also review and compare recent technological advances in serial and parallel scanning systems from the perspectives of resolution, rate, and repeatability, where the strengths and weaknesses of different methods are discussed for both fundamental and industrial applications.