bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRATAMENTO CONTÁBIL NO MERCOSUL E NA COMUNIDADE ANDINA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS INVESTIMENTOS EM EMPRESAS COLIGADAS E CONTROLADAS
Authors: Thomaz João Luis Peruchena , Kronbauer Clóvis Antônio , Alves Diego Saldo , Pasini Adriana Kurtz , Assumpção Debora Skibinksi
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar o nível de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade quanto ao tratamento contábil dispensado aos investimentos em coligadas e controladas de empresas industriais sediadas nos países do Mercosul e da Comunidade Andina. Analisou-se a mensuração e a evidenciação dos itens que compõem o Ativo em uma amostra de trinta empresas industriais destes dois blocos econômicos. A amostra foi escolhida por critério de intencionalidade e acessibilidade, sendo que os dados foram obtidos nas páginas eletrônicas dos órgãos nacionais encarregados de controlar e fiscalizar os mercados de capitais em cada país. Com os dados coletados foram elaborados quadros-resumo relativos à mensuração e à evidenciação desses ativos, os quais foram submetidos à análise descritiva. Em geral, constatou-se que no ano de 2012 as práticas adotadas estavam convergentes com o que preconiza a IAS 28 nos diferentes países. Observou-se a convergência quase total às normas internacionais emitidas pelo IASB; na Bolívia seguem vigentes as normas locais emitidas pelo CAUB, e na falta de pronunciamento são utilizadas as normas do IASB; no caso do Chile está prevista a convergência normativa para o ano de 2013; já na Colômbia para 2015. Assim, é possível afirmar que há ainda um caminho a percorrer para que nos países da Comunidade Andina as práticas contábeis relativas aos investimentos em coligadas e controladas estejam completamente harmonizadas, convergindo ao padrão contábil internacionalmente aceito.
A MATEMÁTICA E O DESINTERESSE DOS ALUNOS NA ESCOLA ATUAL
Authors: Silva Carlos Bruno Cândido da , Cunha Roseana Cavalcanti da
Published: July 2020

A matemática por si só representa um papel fundamental na vida das pessoas, contribuindo para resolução de problemas, aplicações em trabalho, além de funcionar como instrumento para a construção de conhecimentos em outras áreas curriculares. Interfere também, na formação de capacidade intelectual, na estruturação do pensamento e na agilidade do raciocínio dedutivo do aluno. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as dificuldades de aprendizagem na disciplina matemática no ensino médio. Levantando alguns dados que ajudem a entender o desinteresse pela matemática e identificar os motivos da reprovação em matemática. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa com os alunos, não sendo necessária sua identificação, a fim de esclarecer e compreender melhor algumas informações que foram coletadas. Observa-se que, alguns docentes relatam a falta de espaço físico próprio para a realização das atividades, a ausência de reagentes e materiais necessários, e uma deficitária preparação para este tipo de atividade como sendo os principais problemas para o aspecto citado. Portanto, o professor deve estar consciente da necessidade de estar com suas aulas sempre bem planejadas. Este planejamento irá deixá-lo com mais segurança e em condições de debater com seus alunos sobre o conteúdo desenvolvido, buscando um engajamento de todos na busca do conhecimento.
Determinantes sociodemográficos de consumo: uma análise dos espectadores do futebol de Pernambuco
Authors: Santos Willian Gonçalves dos , Barros Filho Marcos Antonio , Miranda Yves De Holanda Batista de , Rodrigues Silva Victor Henrique , Pedroso Carlos Augusto Mulatinho de Queiroz
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas no comportamento de consumo dos espectadores do futebol Pernambucano. Caracterizado como de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo correlacional preditivo. A amostra foi composta por 967 espectadores do Campeonato Pernambucano de Futebol nos anos de 2017 a 2019. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário adaptado e analisados no software SPSS Statistics 24. Os resultados apresentaram em sua maioria espectadores do sexo masculino, quanto à escolaridade, a maioria possuía o ensino superior completo e uma renda familiar superior a R$5.000,00. O modelo com as variáveis sociodemográficas como preditoras da compra de produtos foi significativo. Em relação à compra de ingressos, as variáveis sociodemográficas não obtiveram valores preditivos significativos. Sendo assim, conclui-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas influenciaram de forma positiva na compra de produtos do clube, entretanto não foram significativas na compra de ingressos.
Planejamento estratégico como um dos fatores de sucesso das organizações esportivas: um estudo sobre os clubes esportivos brasileiros que atuam no contexto olímpico
Authors: Araujo Paulo Henrique Marques , Yamanaka Guilherme Kioshi , Mazzei Leandro Carlos
Published: July 2020

O sucesso de uma organização esportiva depende de diversos fatores, um deles é a estruturação de um planejamento estratégico. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal identificar a existência e analisar importância do planejamento estratégico nos principais clubes esportivos brasileiros que atuam em nível Olímpico. Como resultado, foi possível constatar que os clubes brasileiros analisados possuem planejamentos e seguem com afinidade e coerência recomendações existentes na literatura. E este fato é um indício que o planejamento é o primeiro e um dos passos para se alcançar sucesso, seja ele administrativo ou esportivo. Outros fatores acabam por existir e influenciar o modo operante de organizações brasileiras, como neste caso, clubes esportivos. Por outro lado, é fundamental que o planejamento estratégico, passe a existir no esporte brasileiro, a fim de que este tenha um maior e melhor profissionalismo em termos organizacionais.
Judocas brasileiros: um panorama sobre os atletas contemplados pelo programa bolsa-atleta pódio entre os anos de 2013 e 2018
Authors: Reis Fabiana Della Giustina dos , Capraro André Mendes
Published: July 2020

Em 2004 o Governo Federal criou o Programa Bolsa-Atleta com quatro categorias de bolsa e, em 2013, acrescentou a Pódio. Esta tem como objetivo financiar atletas com chances de medalhas nos Jogos Olímpicos. Como o Judô foi a modalidade que mais trouxe medalhas para o Brasil nessa competição, este estudo analisou as variáveis de idade, sexo, naturalidade, local de treinamento e categoria de peso dos atletas de Judô beneficiados pelo Programa Bolsa-Atleta categoria Pódio entre 2013 e 2018. Os dados foram recolhidos através de uma pesquisa documental nas portarias que continham os nomes dos atletas contemplados pela Bolsa-Atleta Pódio, e uma pesquisa quantitativa para cruzar as variáveis.
A Educação Física nos institutos federais: “o quê” e o “para quê” ensinar
Authors: Boscatto Juliano Daniel , Darido Suraya Cristina
Published: July 2020

Objetivou-se pesquisar como a Educação Física se configura no âmbito do Ensino Médio Integrado, quanto a sua finalidade pedagógica e os conhecimentos curriculares que são desenvolvidos nas práticas de ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que contou com a colaboração de seis professores de Educação Física, que atuam em diferentes campide Institutos Federais localizados no estado de Santa Catarina. A Educação Física no ensino médio integrado tem uma íntima relação com os conhecimentos sobre o corpo. Esses conhecimentos podem fornecer aos estudantes a análise crítica sobre o modo de produção no âmbito do emprego e os aspectos relacionados à saúde do trabalhador. Compete a Educação Física nesses Institutos Federais, cumprir sua função de componente curricular dessa modalidade de ensino, a qual, pode contribuir com a formação necessária para a vida, ao exercício da cidadania e à compreensão do contexto cultural em que os sujeitos fazem parte. Os dados apresentados nesse estudo, contribuíram com a elaboração de uma Proposta Curricular para a Educação Física em um Instituto Federal.
Carta de Porto Alegre: Forum de Editores de Periódicos Científicos da área de Educação Física
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: July 2020

Nos dias 28 e 29 de novembro de 2019, reuniu-se, em Porto Alegre, um grupo de editores de periódicos científicos da área de Educação Física para saudar os 25 anos da revista Movimento da ESEFID-UFRGS e na oportunidade debater os rumos do periodismo científico no Brasil. O encontro foi oportuno face ao cenário de adversidade para a ciência brasileira, não tanto pelos parcos recursos para o fomento científico (recursos para ciência brasileira nunca foram abundantes), mas pela política científica atual que é muito mais uma política anticientífica. Ao final, os editores presentes decidiram produzir a presente Carta de Porto Alegre, como primeira manifestação do recém instituido Forum de Editores de Periódicos Científicos da área de Educação Física, dos quais a revista Motrivivência orgulha-se de ser signatária.
HRM en performance: Wat is er bereikt?
Authors: Paauwe Jaap
Published: July 2020

In dit artikel geven we een overzicht van wat er bereikt is op gebied van HRM en Performance onderzoek. Dit doen we aan de hand van de volgende vragen:
 • Wat is er nu op dit terrein bereikt sinds de jaren tachtig?
 • Welke benaderingswijzen kunnen we onderscheiden?

• De schaduwzijde van HRM en Performance
 • Wat zijn de belangrijkste modellen en auteurs in dit verband?
 • Hoe kunnen we daar in de praktijk ons voordeel mee doen?
 • Wat is de ontwikkeling van het vakgebied in de (nabije) toekomst?

Voor de beantwoording ervan, starten we bij de klassieke benaderingen van HRM in de jaren tachtig, te weten de Harvard en Michigan benadering. In de jaren negentig zien we de opkomst van het empirisch onderzoek, eerst in de USA en daarna in het Verenigd Koninkrijk en vervolgens neemt het empirisch
onderzoek in alsmaar geavanceerder vormen een hoge vlucht over de gehele wereld. De voornaamste bevindingen presenteren we in de vorm van de uitkomsten van review studies en meta-analyses. Op basis van een co-citatie analyse kunnen we ook de voornaamste onderzoekers in beeld brengen, inclusief
hun netwerken. Met aanbevelingen voor de praktijk en het schetsen van een wenkend perspectief voor toekomstig HRM onderzoek sluiten we af.In this paper, we give an overview of what has been achieved in the domain of HRM and Performance research. Starting from the classic frameworks of Harvard and Michigan, we describe the development towards more empirical research, first in the USA, later in the UK and subsequently a spread across the globe of increasingly more sophisticated research in this area. Based on numerous papers, we are able to present the findings by means of review studies and meta-analyses. The paper also deals with some of the pitfalls in empirical research. Based on a co-citation analysis we are able to present an overview of the main authors in this knowledge domain. With some recommendations for practitioners as well as the future perspectives for HRM research we finalize this paper.
Naar een duurzame toekomst? Het belang van vakmanschap van (oudere) werknemers bij de transitie naar een meer duurzame industrie
Authors: Zinsmeister Joop , van Middelkoop Daniel , van Maanen Marcel
Published: July 2020

Economische sectoren als landbouw, transport en industrie staan voor de opgave om te verduurzamen. Deze opgave zorgt voor andere banen en stelt andere eisen aan mensen die werkzaam zijn in deze sectoren. In dit artikel verkennen we de vraagstukken rond werk, vakmanschap en oudere werknemers
die ontstaan vanwege deze transitie, en de rol die HR hierin speelt. Om hier inzicht in te krijgen, deden we een jaar lang onderzoek bij een groot industrieel bedrijf, waar we spraken met vakmensen, HR-medewerkers en leidinggevenden over de gevolgen voor het werk van de transitie van grijze
naar groene productiemethoden. In deze casus bleek dat de schoksgewijs verlopende transitie het vakmanschap van (oudere) werknemers onder druk zet. De onzekerheid die de transitie voor de komende jaren met zich meebrengt leidt op organisatieniveau tot spanningsvelden. HR zou de eigen rol kunnen
invullen door de concretisering van de duurzame productie in de toekomst samen met de werknemers en de leidinggevenden proactief vorm te geven.Economic sectors like agriculture, transport and industry face the challenge to become more sustainable. This challenge impacts the jobs available and changes the skills which people need to work in those sectors. In this article, we explore questions concerning work, craftmanship and older employees which arise because of this transition as well as the potential role of HR in addressing these questions. In order to gain insight in these questions, we conducted research for over a year in a large industrial company, during which we spoke with craftsmen, HR professionals and managers. We spoke with them about the consequences of the transition to more sustainable production methods, now and in the near future. In this case, it became clear that the transition puts pressure on the craftmanship of employees, especially the older employees. The insecurity that emerged as a result of the transition also leads to various tensions on the organizational level. HR could play an important role by proactively shaping the concretization of the envisioned sustainable future of the company together with the craftsmen and the managers.
Simulating interactive ice sheets in the multi-resolution AWI-ESM 1.2: A case study using SCOPE 1.0
Authors: Gierz Paul , Ackermann Lars , Rodehacke Christian B. , Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Stepanek Christian , Barbi Dirk , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Interactions between the climate and the cryosphere have the potential to induce strong non-linear transitions in the Earth's climate. These interactions influence both the atmospheric circulation, by changing the ice sheet's geometry, as well as the oceanic circulation, by modification of the water mass properties. Furthermore, the waxing and waning of large continental ice sheets influences the global albedo, altering the energy balance of the Earth System and inducing climate-ice sheet feedbacks on a global scale as evident in Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. To date, few fully comprehensive models exist, that do not only contain a coupled atmosphere/land/ocean component, but also consider interactive cryosphere physics. Yet, on glacial-interglacial and tectonic time scales, as well as in the Anthropocene, ice sheets are not in equilibrium with the climate, and prescribed fixed ice sheet representations in the model can principally be only an approximation to reality. Only climate models, that contain interactive ice sheets, can produce simulations of the Earth's climate which include all feedbacks and processes related to atmosphere-land-ocean-ice interactions. Previous fully coupled models were limited either by low spatial resolution or an incomplete representation of ice sheet processes, such as iceberg calving, surface ablation processes, and ocean/ice-shelf interactions. Here, we present the newly developed AWI-Earth System Model (AWI-ESM), which tackles some of these problems. Our modelling toolbox is based on the AWI-climate model, including atmosphere and vegetation components suitable for paleoclimate studies, a multi-resolution global ocean component which can be refined to simulate regions of interest at high resolution, and an ice sheet component suitable for simulating both ice sheet and ice shelf dynamics and thermodynamics. We describe the currently implemented coupling between these components, present first results for the Mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial, and introduce further ideas for scientific applications for both future and past climate states with a focus on the Northern Hemisphere. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential of such fully coupled Earth System models in improving representation of climate-ice sheet feedbacks in future paleoclimate studies with this model.
ADOBE VERNACULAR HOUSING TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN CALIMAYA DE DÍAZ GONZALEZ, STATE OF MEXICO
Authors: Romero Olguín D. S. , Guerrero Baca L. F.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Climate, topography, hydrology, and all the factors of the natural environment affecting a population, as well as accessibility to materials and its ease of transport have constituted the variables determining the vernacular housing characteristics. In the territory which now covers Calimaya various cultural groups settled, making evident the syncretism of various building traditions. Since its formation the place was a site of passage, which communicated various goods transport, generating a peculiar urban physiognomy and cultural exchange, leading to the introduction of buildings, typical of this place. The town’s current situation is characterized by a rapid process of urbanization and social transformation, generating new needs of usage and habitability. This growth transforms the architecture of the place, replacing it with buildings with physiognomic features that do not correspond to the original context, causing loss of local construction techniques. Assuming that typology is a theoretical and creative activity allowing the definition and structuring of a system of conceptual relations, within certain limits, in order to determine the representative elements of vernacular architecture of the site, a typological analysis is being carried out to identify local materials and buildings systems, its characteristics, and spatial shape. Likewise, a constructive and architectural analysis, identifying traditional building techniques, which will favour the development of solutions facing the problem of conservation, maintenance and sustainability in the locality, is being carried out.
THE ‘MASSERIA ROTA’ IN NAPLES (ITALY). A VERNACULAR HERITAGE TO PRESERVE
Authors: Amore R. , Veronese L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The ‘Masseria Rota’ in Cercola, near Naples, is one of the best-preserved examples of the important vernacular architectural heritage of the Vesuvian area. Built in the 17th century upon more ancient pre-existences, the farm is an extraordinary example of the construction capabilities typical of the Neapolitan area and the dual vocation, productive and residential of the Vesuvian ‘masserie’. The production area for slaughter and winemaking – located on the basement floor and still in good condition – coexists with the residential part with a sober decorative apparatus, enriched by the nineteenth-century transformations. Its planimetric U-shaped layout denounces a development for subsequent integrations that is also evident from the mensiochronological analysis of the walls. Unfortunately, despite the its indisputable historical, architectural and documentary value, the ‘Masseria Rota’ is in a serious state of abandonment, suffocated by contemporary buildings often devoid of specific values. The contribution to be presented illustrates the results of a teaching experiment that aims to propose methodological guidelines for the drafting of a restoration project aware and respectful of the identity of the aforementioned 'Masseria', and intends to provide a contribution of knowledge for the preservation and enhancement of a vernacular building heritage present on the slopes of Vesuvius, guiltily forgotten and abandoned in recent decades, which, instead, represents one of the most interesting and important of the settlement and construction modes of a territory inhabited since antiquity – despite the cyclical destructions caused by the volcanic activity of Vesuvius – for its environmental and landscape characteristics.
ENSEMBLE OF CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE CASTLE OF RICOTE (MURCIA, SPAIN)
Authors: Almela I. , Martínez L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Castle of Ricote, also known as Los Peñascales, is a fortification on a steep hill of the Ricote Valley overlooking the Vega Media of the Segura River, to the east, and the village of Ricote to the west. According to written sources, the history of this castle dates back from the ninth century. However, its military and administrative weight persisted even after the Christian conquest, when it became the headquarters of the Order of Santiago, until the fifteenth century. Despite its poor state of repair, the use of the castle overtime can be established on the site by means of a rather complex sequence of phases and a very heterogeneous set of construction techniques. Although it has been hard to accomplish a complete analysis, in this paper we have attempted a stratigraphic analysis and a synthesis of the techniques used in the medieval interventions, which are highly relevant due to their diversity and special features. Among them, the following have been covered: stonework with lime mortar built through shuttering, rammed earth, and lime-crusted rammed earth. In addition, the two main phases detected, and their respective techniques will also be underlined, since they are present consistently throughout the whole castle.
WHEN SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA AND MONDOÑEDO WERE BUILT IN WOOD: HALF TIMBER WITH EARTH CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE CITIES OF GALICIA
Authors: Fernández Palicio A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, more common traditional constructions in Galician historical cities are houses with stone walls and wood slabs. However, Galician medieval cities were built with half timbers with earth and bricks used as structural closures and recovered interiorly with mud and lime mortars. At that time, Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo were two cities built in wood, not in stone and these half timbers were the most widespread technique in these cities until the XVIII and XIX. Only a few examples can be seen at present. These constructions are on the brink of disappearance due to three main factors: the lack of general public knowledge, the lack of Government protection and, finally, the lack of building professional training in the aforementioned techniques.
APPROXIMATION TO THE USE OF HALF-TIMBERED WALLS WITH EARTH INFILL IN SPANISH TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Hueto Escobar A. , Diodato M. , Vegas F. , Manzano Fernández S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The term "half-timbered walls with earth infill" refers to a wide number of techniques in which structural wooden elements are combined with enclosures made of earth. The use of these constructive systems dates back to prehistoric times and their evolution has differed based on the physical, social and cultural conditions of each place. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to define the concept of half-timbered walls with earth infill in the Spanish context and to understand the geographical, urban, architectural and constructive reasons that have favoured or hindered its use in traditional architecture. The methodology used is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the largest possible number of case studies. This allows a database to be set up for the purposes of performing global analysis and drawing objective and statistically valid conclusions. This information is managed using a study sheet with information ranging from general aspects of buildings with the presence of these techniques to detailed features of half-timbered walls. The data and conclusions presented in this paper focus on these half-timbered walls, including information on the geographical distribution of these techniques, the characteristics of the buildings in which they are used, the combination of mixed walls with other construction techniques, and the state of conservation and transformation of the buildings in which they are used. It has been established that these techniques are common in mountainous landscapes, where there is optimal woodland for construction, and in urban environments, where they are presented as optimum techniques to maximize the profitability of the buildable surface.
ROOF TYPOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR THE HOUSES IN BANADKOOK-DIZE (IRAN) THROUGHOUT THE TIME
Authors: Pakcheshm M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Roof is regarded as one of the main components of a building and understanding how to design it by the locals throughout the time plays a key role as their answer to the structural issues and problems arising during the implementation will be helpful for the new approaches to vernacular architecture. In this study, by investigating the roof of the houses in Banadkook-Dize village in Taft county (Yazd, Iran) from the appearance of the village, the reason of form changes and their method of construction have been examined. To do this, the history of the village was divided into four different era; the first era was when the village came into existence and the villagers used to live in the citadel; the second was when the citadel had no more capacity and the people went out of the citadel to construct buildings near it; the third was the constructions after the destructive flood of 1956 in the village; and the fourth one is the current construction status of the village. Except for the first period which the citadel is almost completely destroyed and no information is left, five houses were studied for each era throughout field study and an interview was conducted with the owners. The results reveal that two general forms can be seen in the form of roof in the village, that is flat and curved roof, each of which having a different method of construction. There are different reasons involved in their changes including residents' skill in its construction, finding new building materials, keeping prices reasonable prices and responding to functional demands.
MORTARS AND PLASTERS PRODUCED WITH EARTH-BASED SUSTAINABLE MIXES: A METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL FOR RECOVERY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN ROERO, PIEDMONT (ITALY)
Authors: Vignola M. , Bosia D. , Pennacchio R. , Zerbinatti M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The work presented is the achievement of a master degree project, developed at Politecnico di Torino. The paper aims to provide standards for the formulation and mixing of earth-based mortars, for the rehabilitation of historic buildings of the Roero area, in Piemonte region. Roero presents a large architectural heritage, consisting mainly of fired or earth bricks rural and residential buildings, which was anciently protected using lime or earth-based plasters perfectly integrated with local landscape and environment colours appearance. In recent decades (and still to present days), vernacular plasters are frequently replaced by cement-based products, resulting hardly compatible with local bearing walls materials and landscape aesthetic features. While Roero traditional buildings plasters were produced using local earth and sands coming from streams, today, aggregates extraction in watercourses proximity is not allowed, or strictly regulated by rules and regional regulations. The paper presents a classification of the characteristics of different soils from Roero area, through different types of particle distribution size analysis and diffractometric tests, and propose a method for the production of local earth-based plasters stabilized with lime, making use of earth and rocks from local excavation sites, considered in Italy as secondary raw materials or special waste. Produced plasters compressive and bending strength have been tested, while their suitability for building maintenance and restoration, as their compatibility with Roero architecture and landscape, have been verified through spectrophotometric measures.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE JOINT RECOVERY OF THE MONUMENT AND ITS ENVIRONMENT: THE TOWN WALLS OF ALBARRACÍN (SPAIN)
Authors: Baró Zarzo J. L. , Díaz Morlán J. , Gómez-Patrocinio F. J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The city walls of Albarracín (Teruel) show an exemplary trajectory of restoration and conservation works, thanks to a fifty year-long trajectory of interventions carried out by different architects. The last of these projects, promoted by the City Council and driven by Fundación Santa María de Albarracín, was drafted in 2019 and involved the restoration of the southern end of the wall. For the first time, this project has addressed the recovery of the monument and its surroundings in a joint effort that bets on a global vision for the city’s public space system. The keys to this binomial are based on the following premises: a well-coordinated monument-environment relationship, the emphasis on a conservative approach to the restoration works, the promotion of public use and the dignification of the space in a coherent way with its context. The joint treatment of the building and its environment goes far beyond an aesthetic or functional issue – which may have been achieved through independent projects – and verifies the criteria adopted for both dimensions of the project: minimal intervention, distinguishability, preservation of the authenticity, reversibility, compatibility, character, readability and sustainability. In general, this approach reduces the risks of unilateral, partial or limiting visions ending in the loss of heritage value and embraces the understanding of the immediate environment as an inseparable extension of the monument itself.
CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSALS FOR RECOVERY OF TRADITIONAL TAMANG CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN NEPAL
Authors: Castilla F. J. , Agulló J. , Castellote J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This article is the result of the work of four years of field trips (2016-2019) to the village of Gatlang (Nepal) and visits to some of the surrounding villages in the Rasuwa district. This area is mainly inhabited by Tamang, of Buddhist culture and of distant Mongolian origin. The architecture of the Tamang ethnic group is unique although shares some common characteristics with other mountain or isolated architectures around the world. Due to its difficult access and remote location of these communities, the architecture uses mostly local materials (stone and wood). Although this characteristic is common to many other communities of the Himalayan mountain range, even today it is possible to differentiate architectural styles associated with ethnic groups in different regions. The primitive state of these constructions is progressively altered by the inclusion of new materials, especially in areas affected by earthquakes, such as this one, where the urgency and need to guarantee the safety of new constructions has resulted in disparate and uncontrolled reconstructions. The article aims to identify and analyze Tamang vernacular architecture constructions, their invariants, and gain in-depth knowledge of their general behavior when faced with environmental factors, as well as conservation possibilities. The final objective is to promote the recovery of this architecture, guaranteeing its structural safety and adapting it to the current habitability needs, but trying to maintain the typological invariants that preserve its value as a set of historical, cultural and tourist interests, which form part of the Tamang Heritage Trail.
DANISH VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: SUSTAINABILITY AS A PRESERVATION VALUE
Authors: Eybye B. T.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. New research has demonstrated that sustainable aspects were inherent in Danish preindustrial vernacular architecture. As a logical consequence of this knowledge and with the growing focus on sustainability, this paper investigates sustainability as a preservation value for the purpose of increasing sustainability in Danish architectural conservation. To achieve this objective, the paper presents a so-called thought experiment carried out as a critical case study in order to explore if and to what extent sustainable values are already part of architectural conservation. First, the theoretical base of adding sustainability as a preservation value and the analytical model is established. Next, the case study is carried out and then sustainability as a preservation value is discussed. Lastly, the paper outlines a number of recommendations for promoting sustainability in architectural conservation, including sustainability as a preservation value.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE BUILDING IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO: SURVEY AND DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF A JESUIT MISSION
Authors: Bertocci S. , Bigongiari M. , Becherini P. , Cottini A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper describes the digital survey activities carried out in Brazil, in the state of São Paulo, in order to document historical architectures and his vernacular features. After introducing the researches performed in Brazil in the last years, the Brazilian state-of-art of architecture is summarised, so that it is possible to understand the complexities and the referential typological and cultural models. Typical Paulistano vernacular building techniques are thereafter deepened, before outlining the case-study of the Jesuit mission of Carapicuiba, one of the few rammed earths building in existence in São Paulo. Quick digital survey techniques, like aerial photogrammetry, make possible for architects and scholars to rapidly record the building’s morphology and state of preservation, for future cultural heritage conservation. Research findings permitted to update the settlement’s survey data, specifically the ones linked to surfaces, colors, and materials.
VILLAGES WITH FORTIFIED CHURCHES IN TRANSYLVANIA: ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY AND INTANGIBLE CULTURE
Authors: Cristini V. , García-Soriano L. , Vegas F.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is perfectly conserved in southern Transylvania, where Saxons arrived in the mid-1100s from the Rhine and Moselle river regions. Highly respected for their skill and talent, this population succeeded in gaining administrative autonomy, a feat practically unrivalled through a feudal Europe of absolute monarchies. The result of almost nine centuries of existence of the Saxon (German) community in southern Transylvania is still visible today in a stunning melting pot of cultural and architectural heritage, unique in Europe. Within the framework of the project “3d Past, Living & virtual visiting European World Heritage” the set of 7 villages (Biertan, Câlnic, Dârjiu, Prejmer, Saschiz, Valea Viilor, Viscri) listed by UNESCO since 1993, have been studied in detail. Strategies for maintenance and conservation have been analysed in order to contribute to the awareness and preservation of the principles of authenticity and integrity of those sites.
CONSTRUCTION HISTORY AND DIGITAL HERITAGE. EXPERIMENTATIONS ON RENAISSANCE DOMES IN CAMPANIA (ITALY)
Authors: Russo V.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The paper describes an ongoing research project granted by the University of Naples Federico II (2017–2020) concerning masonry domes considered as visual poles in the historic urban landscape and as a constructively vulnerable built heritage. Studies focus on Renaissance domes in Campania region (Naples included) and combine established strategies with innovative ones for the knowledge of visible/invisible parts. Verticals and curved structures are investigated with a unitary approach, together with the pre-reinforcements placed during the construction phases or for later strengthening. These topics deal with issues crucial for the domes’ study: firstly, the overlapping of inner and outer surfaces that hide structural elements and do not enable their comprehension. In addition, we must consider the recurring difficult inspection or inaccessibility due to the big dimensions and heights from the ground. All these factors, together with the fact that decorated surfaces are a limit for the traditional diagnosis, require new investigation strategies – remote and by non-destructive methods – so as to document the invisible both for emerging and for underground parts. A model for knowledge characterized by the interlacement of ‘humanistic’ interpretation and bottom-up/bottom-down surveys is discussed. The understanding of what is invisible to direct inspection is considered a stimulating frontier for proposing innovative dissemination tools for the comprehension of cultural heritage, able to reach new communicative horizons related to the construction of complex forms of architecture. The transposition of the research outcomes into digital “accessible” data aims at having impacts for sharing a broader cultural awareness of the built heritage historical constructive significance.
DIGITAL ANALYSIS WITH 3D SCANNING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF THE MAIN CHURCH OF ST. MARY – THE OLD CATHEDRAL, CARTAGENA (REGION OF MURCIA, SPAIN)
Authors: Collado-Espejo P. E. , García-León J. , Jiménez-González F. J. , Sánchez-Yepes C. M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The former Church of St. Mary, known as the Old Cathedral, in Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain), is a construction from the beginning of the 13th century, but it was transformed in the 16th century and rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century. The bombings occurring during the Spanish Civil War caused the partial collapse of the building and the state of ruin that it currently presents. It is protected as a PCI with the category of monument. A Master Plan is currently being developed that should lead to the recovery of the building. The "Thermal Analysis and Geomatics (TAG)" Research Group of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena has collaborated in the drafting of the Master Plan with a planimetric survey and graphic analysis of the entire building. For this purpose, digital terrestrial photogrammetry techniques and a 3D laser scanner compatible with classical topography have been used, in order to obtain an accurate three-dimensional model. All this graphic information has been contrasted with the historical, typological, material and constructive information currently available about the building, which has facilitated the making of an exhaustive three-dimensional analysis that permits us to know this ancient Cathedral in depth. This paper will describe the work methodology followed, the technical means used and the results achieved, which have been incorporated into the Master Plan that is being prepared. Undoubtedly, the digital analysis has helped to obtain a better general understanding of the building and to be able to propose a correct formal, structural and material recomposition.
CONSTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF MAYA VAULTED ARCHITECTURE FROM PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY
Authors: Gilabert-Sansalvador L. , Montuori R. , Rosado-Torres A. L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Studying Maya architecture from a constructive perspective reveals new insights into the ancient building techniques and processes. Gaining deep knowledge of these structures is key to assessing the current conservation state of the buildings and to designing strategies for the excavation and preservation of this heritage. In order to study the Maya vault system, considering its regional variants and technical development over time, we performed field data collections at 48 Maya Lowlands archaeological sites with the aim of documenting and comparing constructive techniques from different areas and chronological periods. Surveying some of these buildings with digital photogrammetry made it possible to obtain geometrically accurate models with a high-quality texture that were used to measure, analyze and compare the features of the vaults in detail. The main advantage of this survey methodology is that it permits to achieve a high amount of information with affordable instruments. From the models obtained, a thorough analysis of stonemasonry techniques, stereotomy solutions and building processes was carried out, considering their implications for the stability and conservation of the structures. This paper presents the survey methodology used and an example of the constructive analysis of a vaulted building from a photogrammetric model.
SIMULATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF EARTHEN HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE AS RESPONSIVE REFUGEE SHELTERS (CASE STUDY: DOMES OF NORTHERN SYRIA)
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Ali M. , Baranyai B. , Kistelegdi I.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Syria has been struggling through a continuous conflict for more than nine years so far. This conflict has had a disastrous consequence, for not only Syria urban areas but also its world heritage and historical sites. Moreover, the ongoing conflict resulted in the displacement of over 13 million people that is more than half the population; including more than 6.1 million internally displaced. This long-term encampment is a growing aspect of a growing refugee crisis. The Syrian refugees have to face another crisis in the camps due to a significant shortage of resources and support. One solution was using earthen buildings that have been a traditional architectural style in Syria for 11 thousand years. As a part of the cultural heritage, it depends on community participation and achieves environmental and economic efficiency in addition to preserving memory and identity of the place. This paper discusses the creation of sustainable shelters through the revival of heritage vernacular earthen architecture in northern Syria. A comparative analysis was conducted between the humanitarian agencies shelters (HAS) and different historical vernacular dwellings (HDS) from the same region with an arid steppe climate (hot summer and a short cold winter); they were modelled in numerical thermal simulations framework as a means to assess the shelters’ building energy demand and indoor comfort quality. The comparison resulted in the superiority of the heritage dwelling. The paper is concluded with passive approach optimization to the different historical earthen domes with consideration of the historical characteristics and background.
THE ROLE OF 3D DOCUMENTATION FOR RESTORATION INTERVENTIONS. THE CASE STUDY OF VALFLORES IN LOURES, PORTUGAL
Authors: Mateus L. , Ferreira V. , Aguiar J. , Pacheco P. , Ferreira J. , Mendes C. , Silva A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The house and farm of Valflores, located near Lisbon, are an important evidence of the Portuguese Renaissance civil architecture from the first half of 16th century, built by Jorge de Barros, the overseer of the Portuguese king, D. João III, in Flanders. Its style has its roots in Italian villas. As was common at that time, the property was a villeggiatura site. In 1982 the house and the farm were listed as property of public interest. In 2000 the property was inserted in a Portuguese list of heritage at risk and in 2001 the property was in a state of pre-ruin. It was bought by the municipality in 2006. After 2007 a partnership between a Local Heritage Association (ADPAC), the Municipality of Loures and the Lisbon School of Architecture developed a series of initiatives for the safeguard and restoration of this Heritage. Several studies were performed, including multiple three-dimensional surveys on several occasions. Ultimately, these studies led to the development of a restoration project in 2016 for European funds application. At the present date, the restoration works are going on. The objective of this paper is the discussion of how three-dimensional documentation played a fundamental role on the several stages of this process, namely after 2007, permitting to gain insights about metrics, space and form distributions, deformations, structural condition, state of conservation, history, and allowing dissemination and public engagement.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO THE DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE: THE SPECIFIC CASE OF THE TARTESSIAN BUILDINGS OF THE CENTRAL GUADIANA VALLEY (SPAIN)
Authors: Rodríguez González E. , Celestino Pérez S. , Lapuente Martín C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Until now, the analysis of earthen architecture, characteristic of the Tartessian culture, has been overlooked by archaeological studies. With the aim of incorporating it into historical research as another social product, the result of the society that thinks and builds it, a research project was initiated with the title "Building Tartessos: constructive, spatial and territorial analysis of an architectural model in the central Guadiana valley." This project has three well-differentiated work phases whose development and applied methodology are described in the following pages. The purpose of this method is to identify the types of construction, to characterize the raw materials used and their catchment areas, the construction techniques employed, the types of analysis carried out for the mineralogical characterization of the materials, and to present the 3D technology applied to the documentation and registration of the buildings, from photogrammetry to the virtual reconstruction of the archaeological sites. The final objective is to streamline the process, the data collection and the documentation obtained from all of them, from both a purely scientific and informative perspective, improving the publication of scientific knowledge and education through the application of new methodologies. In order to carry out this process, the Tartessian buildings hidden beneath burial mounds characteristic of the central basin of the Guadiana, dating from the 5th century BC, have been selected. Specifically, we have the excavations being carried out in the area of Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz), which to date is the best preserved building in the western area of the Mediterranean, and which will undoubtedly lead to a positive result from the project. The aim of the methodology that has been designed is that it can be applied to any architectural model and to any stage of history.
THE CHORÁ OF PATMOS (GREECE): ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
Authors: Dipasquale L. , Montoni L. , Manzi A. , Mecca S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Historic Center (Chorá) of Patmos, located in one of the Dodecanese Islands of Greece, was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 1999. The morphological feature, the housing typologies and the building techniques that characterize the Chorá provide an authentic and astonishing expression of the stylistic and typological models of the vernacular architecture of the Greek islands. This paper presents part of the research carried out on the Chorá of Patmos, within the 3D Past project, funded by the European Creative Europe program. The first part illustrates the results of the research concerning the analysis of the material components of the architectural heritage of Patmos: the urban structure, the evolution of the main architectural typologies, the feature of the main building systems. The second part of the paper presents the application of the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), a tool for the management of site transformations and in particular for identifying, forecasting and evaluating the impact of potential development on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the properties. In the case of Patmos the application of HIA can provide an important contribution to manage changes and future transformations in order to preserve the cultural significance of the site and ensure its sustainable development.
RECOVERING VALPARAÍSO'S URBAN ELEVATORS: THE RESTORATION OF THE CORDILLERA FUNICULAR
Authors: Giribas C. , Paredes G. , Riquelme A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. During the 19th century, the port of Valparaíso was the place in Chile with the closest links to the rest of the world, leading to strong social, cultural and technological transformations in the city. The arrival of the industrial revolution together with foreign influence led to the apparition of machinism; which along with the need to connect the lower area of the city with the hills led to the construction of several urban elevators. More than thirty elevators functioned throughout Valparaíso during the 20th century, out of which less than a half remained operational at the beginning of the 21st century. In order to recover this valuable heritage in a city which was declared World Heritage in 2003 by UNESCO, the Ministry of Public Works of Chile promoted a plan to restore nine urban elevators in Valparaíso. This article refers specifically to the restoration works of the second elevator ever built in the city: the Cordillera funicular, which opened in 1887. The complexities linked to the recovery of an obsolete technological system for contemporary public transport standards will be exposed; along with relevant discoveries linked to the history of Valparaíso, such as the archaeological finding of the ruins of the San José Castle during building works.