bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-related experiences of consultant psychiatrists during the COVID-19 response: qualitative analysis
Authors: O'Donnell Shane , Quigley Etain , Hayden John , Adamis Dimitrios , Gavin Blánaid , McNicholas Fiona
Published: March 2023

Background

Research has begun to draw attention to the challenges mental health professionals faced in delivering services during the COVID-19 pandemic response. However, few studies have examined the specific experiences of consultant psychiatrists.

Aims

To examine the work-related experiences and psychosocial needs of consultant psychiatrists situated in the Republic of Ireland arising from the COVID-19 response.

Method

We interviewed 18 consultant psychiatrists and analysed data using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Work-related experience of participants was characterised by increased workload associated with assumption of guardianship of physical and mental health of vulnerable patients. Unintended consequences of public health restrictions increased case complexity, limited availability of alternative supports and hindered the practice of psychiatry, including inhibiting peer support systems for psychiatrists. Participants perceived available psychological supports as generally unsuitable for their needs given their specialty. Long-standing under-resourcing, mistrust in management and high levels of burnout exacerbated the psychological burden of the COVID-19 response.

Conclusions

The challenges of leading mental health services were evident in the increased complexity involved in caring for vulnerable patients during the pandemic, contributing to uncertainty, loss of control and moral distress among participants. These dynamics worked synergistically with pre-existing system-level failures, eroding capacity to mount an effective response. The longer-term psychological well-being of consultant psychiatrists – as well as the pandemic preparedness of healthcare systems – is contingent on implementation of policies addressing long-standing under-investment in the services vulnerable populations rely on, not least community mental health services.
Zebrafish cutaneous injury models reveal that Langerhans cells engulf axonal debris in adult epidermis
Authors: Peterman Eric , Quitevis Elgene J. A. , Black Erik C. , Horton Emma C. , Aelmore Rune L. , White Ethan , Sagasti Alvaro , Rasmussen Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2023

Somatosensory neurons extend enormous peripheral axons to the skin, where they detect diverse environmental stimuli. Somatosensory peripheral axons are easily damaged due to their small caliber and superficial location. Axonal damage results in Wallerian degeneration, creating vast quantities of cellular debris that phagocytes must remove to maintain organ homeostasis. The cellular mechanisms that ensure efficient clearance of axon debris from stratified adult skin are unknown. Here, we established zebrafish scales as a tractable model to study axon degeneration in the adult epidermis. Using this system, we demonstrated that skin-resident immune cells known as Langerhans cells engulf the majority of axon debris. In contrast to immature skin, adult keratinocytes did not significantly contribute to debris removal, even in animals lacking Langerhans cells. Our study establishes a powerful new model for studying Wallerian degeneration and identifies a new function for Langerhans cells in maintenance of adult skin homeostasis following injury. These findings have important implications for pathologies that trigger somatosensory axon degeneration.
Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries in Sport
Authors: Kelley Naomi , Tuttle Matthew , Sylvia Stephen M. , Dragoo Jason L. , Khodaee Morteza
Published: March 2023

Sport-related shoulder injuries, including disruptions to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ), are common. An ACJ injury is classified by the degree and direction of the clavicle displacement. Although the diagnosis can be made clinically, standard radiographic views are important to determine the severity of the ACJ disruption and assess for concurrent injuries. The majority of ACJ injuries can be managed nonoperatively; however, surgical treatment is indicated in some cases. Long-term outcomes are generally favorable for most ACJ injuries, and athletes generally return to sport without functional limitations. This article provides an in-depth discussion regarding all aspects of ACJ injuries, including clinically relevant anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, treatment, and complications.
ELABELA-APJ-Akt/YAP Signaling Axis: A Novel Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise in Cardioprotection of Myocardial Infarction Rats
Authors: XI YUE , LI YONGXIA , REN WUJING , BO WENYAN , MA YIXUAN , PAN SHOU , GONG DA-WEI , TIAN ZHENJUN
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanisms of ELABELA (ELA) in the aerobic exercise-induced antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of ischemic heart.

Methods

The myocardial infarction (MI) model of Sprague–Dawley rat was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. MI rats underwent 5 wk of Fc-ELA-21 subcutaneous injection and aerobic exercise training using a motorized rodent treadmill. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Cardiac pathological remodeling was evaluated by Masson’s staining and the calculation of left ventricular weight index. Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Cell culture and treatment were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ELA. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis was observed by tubule formation test. One-way or two-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Aerobic exercise stimulated the endogenous ELA expression. Exercise and Fc-ELA-21 intervention significantly activated APJ-Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway, kept more cardiomyocytes alive, and increased angiogenesis, so as to inhibit the cardiac pathological remodeling and improved the heart function of MI rats. Fc-ELA-32 also had the cellular and functional cardioprotective activities in vivo. In vitro, ELA-14 peptide regulated the phosphorylation and nucleoplasmic translocation of YAP and activated the APJ-Akt signaling pathway so as to increase the proliferation of H9C2 cells. Moreover, the antiapoptosis and the tubule formation of HUVECs were also enhanced by ELA-14, whereas the inhibition of Akt activity weakened such effects.

Conclusions

ELA is a potential therapeutic member that plays a key role through APJ-Akt/YAP signaling axis in aerobic exercise-induced cardioprotection of MI rats.
Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners
Authors: AO YA-WEN , LI YU-SHUANG , ZHAO YI-LIN , ZHANG LIANG , YANG REN-JIE , ZHA YUN-FEI
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise.

Methods

A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group.

Results

The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2–3, and left hippocampal–amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group.

Conclusions

We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
An algorithm for trajectory optimization of dual-arm coordination based on arm angle constraints
Authors: Wang Qi , Min Huasong , Guo Yixuan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the motion planning of a dual-arm robot with kinematic constraints is studied based on arm-angle constraints. When a dual-arm robot moves a common object, a closed kinematic chain is formed between the dual-arm and the object. The standard sampling-based trajectory planning algorithm solves the problem with closed-chain constraint, but this causes other problems; the running time increases, the success rate decreases, and the motion trajectory of the end effector is not smooth resulting in large output error. Therefore, this paper proposes a dual-arm coordinated trajectory optimization algorithm based on arm-angle constraints. Firstly, the kinematics of the dual-arm robot is modeled and analyzed, and the definition of the arm-angle in a seven-axis robot is proposed, the workspace of the dual-arm coordinated operation is considered to constrain it, the kinematics equation combined with the single/multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize the end output error, and the joint trajectory is parameterized. This paper solves the problems that the slave arm lags behind the main arm, the motion trajectory of the dual-arm is not smooth, and the dual-arm are squeezed due to internal force during the coordinated movement of the dual-arm. The trajectory optimization improves the synchronization of the coordinated operation of the dual-arm, reduces the output error of the velocity and acceleration at the end of the dual-arm. After limiting the arm-angle, dual-arm manipulation is anthropomorphic the robot does not produce distorted arm configurations.
Bioactive phytoconstituents and hemostatic and angiogenetic activities of Chromolaena odorata L. leaf extract gel on an animal epistaxis model
Authors: Husni T. R. Teuku , Darmawi Darmawi , Azwar Azwar , Jamil Kurnia Fitri
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Epistaxis occurs in approximately 60% of the general population globally and herbal medicine for its treatment including Chromolaena odorata L. could be one of the alternatives. The aims of this study were: (a) to determine the putative compounds and the bioactivities of C. odorata leaf extract; and (b) to assess their hemostatic and angiogenesis properties in an animal epistaxis model.

Methods: The putative compounds of C. odorata extract were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and the bioactivities were determined using the Molinspiration Cheminformatics 2018 software. The hemostatic and angiogenesis activities were assessed using an epistaxis model of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), on which three concentrations of C. odorata were tested. The gel was applied twice a day until 21 days. The hemostatic activity was evaluated by measuring the clotting time and the angiogenesis activity was evaluated by measuring the serum blood electrolyte, serum CD34 and CD68 levels and the histopathology of fibroblast and new blood vessels.

Results: Eight putative compounds with activities that increased immune responses and angiogenesis by having antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were identified. Those compounds had a range of bioactivity to G-protein coupled receptor ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand, protease inhibitor and enzyme inhibitor. Our data suggested that C. odorata extract had an effect on the levels of sodium, potassium and chloride. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of CD34 and CD68 among treatment and control groups, p=0.443 and p>0.050, respectively. The extract had no significant effect in inducing the growth of fibroblasts. Our data indicated that C. odorata extract induced angiogenesis significantly (p=0.018).

Conclusions: The C. odorata extract gel consisted of the compounds that contribute in antithrombotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and these compounds increased the angiogenesis during wound healing in the epistaxis model.
scANANSE gene regulatory network and motif analysis of single-cell clusters
Authors: Smits Jos G.A. , Arts Julian A. , Frölich Siebren , Snabel Rebecca R. , Heuts Branco M.H. , Martens Joost H.A. , van Heeringen Simon J. , Zhou Huiqing
Published: March 2023

The recent development of single-cell techniques is essential to unravel complex biological systems. By measuring the transcriptome and the accessible genome on a single-cell level, cellular heterogeneity in a biological environment can be deciphered.

Transcription factors act as key regulators activating and repressing downstream target genes, and together they constitute gene regulatory networks that govern cell morphology and identity. Dissecting these gene regulatory networks is crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms and disease, especially within highly complex biological systems.

The gene regulatory network analysis software ANANSE and the motif enrichment software GimmeMotifs were both developed to analyse bulk datasets. We developed scANANSE, a software pipeline for gene regulatory network analysis and motif enrichment using single-cell RNA and ATAC datasets.

The scANANSE pipeline can be run from either R or Python. First, it exports data from standard single-cell objects. Next, it automatically runs multiple comparisons of cell cluster data. Finally, it imports the results back to the single-cell object, where the result can be further visualised, integrated, and interpreted. Here, we demonstrate our scANANSE pipeline on a publicly available PBMC multi-omics dataset. It identifies well-known cell type-specific hematopoietic factors. Importantly, we also demonstrated that scANANSE combined with GimmeMotifs is able to predict transcription factors with both activating and repressing roles in gene regulation.
Project activities in the implementation of continuing professional education in physical culture and sports
Authors: Kielevyaynen L. , Kremneva Victoria
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study was to identify the relevance of project activities in the system of continuous education of teachers in the field of physical culture and sports. The study was conducted on the basis of the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of PetrSU during the implementation of the project "Academic Sports" - the winner of the "Sports Landing" contest of the "Power of Sports" charity program of the Vladimir Potanin Charitable Foundation. The project was aimed at comprehensive professional development, expansion of competencies in the field of physical and adaptive physical culture and sports, exchange of professional experience, formation of partnerships, strengthening of interaction between educational and physical culture and sports organizations and associations of Karelia. The key element of the project was the rapid implementation of the acquired practices in educational, physical culture, sports and social activities and the transfer of the acquired experience to the professional community of the region. Quantitative and qualitative results of the study carried out within the framework of the project allow us to state the expediency and relevance of the project activity in the implementation of continuous professional education of teachers in the field of physical culture and sports.
"SOVEREIGNTY" AS A MEDIA COGNITIVE CATEGORY OF MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Golikova T.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the research of the media cognitive category "sovereignty" in the modern political discourse. The political narratives were the study material. They were taken in the amount of 980 documents from the official online newspaper Kommersant of 2021-2022.

The aim of the article is linguistic and discourse modeling of the media cognitive category "sovereignty" in the modern political discourse.

Methodology and research methods. Adhering to the traditional three-term division into discursive, communicative and lexico-grammatical levels of description for communication science, we present the communicative-discursive model “sovereignty” based on the materials of the official Russian media in 2021–2022. The article uses the research methods of linguoconceptology, linguoculturology, such as modeling concepts, methods of component lexical analysis that help to establish the seme composition of individual lexemes; and there is also lexicographic analysis.

Results. According to the analysis, the media cognitive category "sovereignty" is represented as a multicomponent structure consisting of a certain set of elements, parts, components, although the full structure is not declared or described. This leads to the conclusion about inaccurate, deliberately distorted modeling from the media. The article shows that modern political discourse provides a field for information war and models the category "sovereignty" haphazardly, non-terminologically, replacing and obscuring the meanings of the power, state, nation, people, private industries and human livelihood. Metaphorically, the political category "sovereignty" in the official media names and tries to explain the most complex phenomena of our modern world, but it does it with a great deal of uncertainty and vagueness, maximally generalizing and masking the meanings necessary for public consciousness in order to manipulate in the information war. “Sovereignty” seems to be a kind of participant in “combat” operations of this war, it takes a certain side and has enemies and allies, it is attacked, but it, in turn, defends itself, needs protection and support. The category "sovereignty" as a tool of manipulation dictates, directs perception, makes perceive current events in a distorted way, serves as a manipulative scale of evaluation and value.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematization of various aspects of the representation of the sovereignty category as a fragment of the world's political picture.

The practical significance of the study lies in the use of modeling methods for various text-discursive fragments in the communicative and linguo-discursive aspects, which is aimed at clarifying existing models and constructing and interpreting the latest ones.
Communication Vector of Public Art. Global Scale in Regional Locus
Authors: Karceva E. , Shlykova O.
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the dynamics of public art in Russia, explores specific features of the phenomenon that distinguish it from other new art forms and genres. The authors focus on the historical and cultural aspects of the interaction between Russian artists and urban space, their fruitful communication strategies and successful projects of service, art, PR communications reflecting the communicative behaviour of the artist-viewer-power in the modern information-saturated urban environment of Russia, new turns of instrumental development of territories, conceptual shifts of public art caused by including the impact of digital transformations on the culture of the city.

A review of various foreign and domestic studies provides a retrospective look at the interpretation of public art as a creative process, a system of communicative interaction and changes in urban space, and, at the same time, the harmonization of the environment and the person, creative understanding of the involvement of the individual to his place of residence with its cultural codes and meanings.

This paper will broadly trace the evolution of public art in Russia and its current scope that was enhanced by the sharp increase of the curatorial projects that deal with public art.

On the one hand, the demand for public art in Russia is exacerbated by the growing number of curatorial projects aimed at working with space and environment in the context of the festival and biennial movement and art residencies, and on the other hand, the increased interest of the municipal and government officials in public art as a driving force for territory and urban development.

The article provides a comparative analysis of successfully implemented projects in various regions of Russia, which gave a new impetus to the development of public art, bringing the space closer to the population, expanding the communicative capabilities of a smart city and its creative resident.
The Specificity of Intertextuality as a Risk Factor of a Communication Failure (on the Example of the Modern German Internet Poetry Discourse)
Authors: Dacko D.
Published: March 2023

The article considers the phenomenon of intertextuality as a textual category. The non-recognition of intertextuality can lead to communication failure in dialogic, when the recipient attempts to enter the communicative intention of the sender, as well as at the time of reading, when the recipient is decoding and analyzing the information received. The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of the more detailed study of such means of explication of intertextual connections as allusion and precedent phenomena within the modern German poetry Internet discourse.

The aim of research is to identify the means of intertextuality actualization, that are the causes of communication failure in the interpretation of the modern German texts.

Methodology and research methods. The research work used methods of systematization and generalization of the scientific material, a descriptive-analytical method, the method of lingual-stylistic analysis of the text.

Results. The article focuses on the polyphony of the German poetry texts, that is expressed in the incorporation of literary and cultural-specific codes. Precedent phenomena and allusions are the sources of communication failures in German poetry discourse and they serve as preferential ways of building intertextual connections in German poems. The author recommends to increase the levels of linguistic and general cultural competence in order to minimize the communicative dissonance, that is a result of the non-recognition of intertextuality.

Scientific novelty lies in the study of the specifics of communication failures on the example of modern German poetry discourse.

The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained scientific results in special university basic courses on translation theory, cognitive linguistics, stylistics and culture of speech, linguo-stylistic interpretation of the text.
POLITENESS AND ANTIPOLITENESS IN THE COMMUNICATION SPACE OF THE INTERNET (A STUDY OF THE ONLINE COMMENTS)
Authors: Van Yue
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on the concepts of politeness and antipoliteness and their manifestation in online comments.

The aim of the article is to describe the concepts of "politeness" and "antipoliteness" as semantic phenomena consisting of a set of speech genres manifested in Internet communication.

The semantic fields of politeness and antipoliteness are revealed, and a distinction is made between antipoliteness, rudeness and impoliteness.

The paper analyses examples of politeness as ameliorative behaviour and impoliteness as pejorative behaviour. These behavioural manifestations are illustrated using examples of online comments (400 comments published on various Internet platforms served as the material for the study).

A scheme illustrating the attribution of speech intentions defining a speech genre to polite or antipolite behaviour is proposed.
Russia – China: Bridges of Communication
Authors: Goncharova Lyubov
Published: March 2023

The Word of the Editor-in-Chief reflects the main trends and directions of communication research, and also contains an overview of the current issue. In accordance with the headings, key topics are noted and the problems of the articles are highlighted.
Dropping Anchor: A Field Experiment Assessing a Salary History Ban with Archival Replication
Authors: Sherman Eliot L. , Brands Raina , Ku Gillian
Published: March 2023

Could a salary history ban (SHB) reduce the gender wage gap? Proponents of this intervention believe the gap is sustained by the practice of eliciting salary histories from job applicants. Although observational studies suggest that SHB operates as envisioned, two features complicate the interpretation of its effects. These are, respectively, the passage of relevant legislation alongside SHB, and the presence of public campaigns that propel SHB into law. We assessed SHB in the United Kingdom, where neither potential confound was present, and did not find evidence that the intervention operated as intended. An intention-to-treat analysis of a 16-month field experiment, conducted with 230 staff hires at a private educational institution, indicates that SHB was about as likely to harm new hires as it was to help them. Additional analyses did not reveal significant differences between women and men. We supplement these results with an interrupted time series analysis of 3,687 placements made by a recruitment firm that voluntarily adopted SHB for its job candidates. Salaries were significantly lower under SHB, but were not significantly different for women versus men. Taken together, our results suggest that SHB was ineffective in isolation from contemporaneous legislative changes, proequality messaging, or some combination thereof.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4658 .
Vehicle Rebalancing in a Shared Micromobility System with Rider Crowdsourcing
Authors: Jin Ziliang , Wang Yulan , Lim Yun Fong , Pan Kai , Shen Zuo-Jun Max
Published: March 2023

Problem definition: Shared micromobility vehicles provide an eco-friendly form of short-distance travel within an urban area. Because customers pick up and drop off vehicles in any service region at any time, such convenience often leads to a severe imbalance between vehicle supply and demand in different service regions. To overcome this, a micromobility operator can crowdsource individual riders with reward incentives in addition to engaging a third-party logistics provider (3PL) to relocate the vehicles. Methodology/results: We construct a time-space network with multiple service regions and formulate a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program considering uncertain customer demands. In the first stage, the operator decides the initial vehicle allocation for the regions, whereas in the second stage, the operator determines subsequent vehicle relocation across the regions over an operational horizon. We develop an efficient solution approach that incorporates scenario-based and time-based decomposition techniques. Our approach outperforms a commercial solver in solution quality and computational time for solving large-scale problem instances based on real data. Managerial implications: The budgets for acquiring vehicles and for rider crowdsourcing significantly impact the vehicle initial allocation and subsequent relocation. Introducing rider crowdsourcing in addition to the 3PL can significantly increase profit, reduce demand loss, and improve the vehicle utilization rate of the system without affecting any existing commitment with the 3PL. The 3PL is more efficient for mass relocation than rider crowdsourcing, whereas the latter is more efficient in handling sporadic relocation needs. To serve a region, the 3PL often relocates vehicles in batches from faraway, low-demand regions around peak hours of a day, whereas rider crowdsourcing relocates a few vehicles each time from neighboring regions throughout the day. Furthermore, rider crowdsourcing relocates more vehicles under a unimodal customer arrival pattern than a bimodal pattern, whereas the reverse holds for the 3PL.

Funding: This work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grants 15501319 and 15505318] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71931009]. Z. Jin was supported by the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme. Y. F. Lim was supported by the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University [Maritime and Port Authority Research Fellowship].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1199 .
Job satisfaction among general radiographers and assistant practitioners: a mixed-methods survey
Authors: Milner Robert , Akhtar Miriam
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims

Maintaining staff satisfaction is a major ambition for healthcare leaders worldwide, as it is directly linked with patient outcomes. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature on the job satisfaction of radiographers. This study aimed to explore the job satisfaction and role perceptions of radiographers and assistant practitioners at a local district general hospital.

Methods

All radiographers and assistant practitioners (n=39) working in the general X-ray department of a small-medium sized NHS trust were invited to complete either an online or physical copy of a semi-structured, mixed-methods questionnaire regarding their job satisfaction and perceptions of their role. Items included quantitative (multiple choice) and qualitative (free-text) questions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.

Results

A total of 21 individuals completed the questionnaire, giving a 53.8% response rate. The mean score for happiness in their current role was fairly high at 7.3/10, but staff with more experience had lower average happiness scores relating to their role and working hours. Respondents were confident working in most clinical areas, including mobile units, but lacked confidence working in computed tomography and fluoroscopy.

Conclusions

Strategies are needed to understand and address issues that may be causing more experienced radiography staff to experience less happiness in their job role. Lack of experience in computed tomography and fluoroscopy also needs to be addressed, possibly by ensuring that radiography staff regularly work in these areas to build their confidence.
We've explored…boxes
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: March 2023

Staff at one Yorkshire setting replaced many resources with boxes, a project which culminated in children collaborating on building a huge castle. By Annette Rawstrone
Physical development on a budget: A cushy life
Authors: Manners Lala
Published: March 2023

Cushions are an effective resource to promote overall body strength in large muscle groups, says Dr Lala Manners
Effects of Kortta fibres and microsilica on the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete in oil product environments
Authors:   Pooyesh, Engineering, Civil engineering, Amin Boulevard, Ghom, Iran, Jafari Atiye , Rezaei Sajad ,   Pooyesh, Engineering, Civil engineering, Amin Boulevard, Ghom, Iran
Published: March 2023

Crude oil and its products are strategic and vital goods for most countries in the world. It is necessary to store these products in the production and transfer chain and send them to refineries, ports, and airports for military and national purposes. Lightweight concrete is propounded as a useful replacement for normal concrete due to its low specific weight and acceptable resistance property; however, compared to normal concrete, it is considered to be more permeable, less durable, and less resistant. Therefore, in this study, the reliability of this synthetic material in oil conditions has been investigated. In this regard, two groups of samples were investigated under normal and oil environmental conditions, polymer Kortta fibres with percentages of 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; and 2,0 % and microsilica with percentages of 0 and 15 % by cement weight were incorporated alone and combined. Subsequently, tests were performed on the specimens after 90 days. The results showed that the combination of microsilica and Kortta fibres causes a significant increase in lightweight concrete strength and impermeability.
Investigation of the effect of frequency on shear strength and damping of pure sand and sand stabilised with rice husk ash using cyclic triaxial tests
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Salimzadehshooiili Maysam
Published: March 2023

Rice husk ash (RHA), owing to its pozzolanic properties and wide abundance, is an additive that can be used as an alternative to cement to improve a variety of soils. Damping and shear modulus are two important soil dynamic parameters used to predict soil behaviour under dynamic loading. Therefore, in this study, materials were prepared and their specifications were determined. A cyclic triaxial device was used to determine the dynamic parameters (stress control). Subsequently, the results related to shear modulus and damping calculated for pure sand before and after stabilisation were analysed according to different percentages of stabilisers for two frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. The results revealed the effect of different frequencies on the damping of pure sand, which differed for stabilised sand. In all stabilised specimens, the shear modulus decreased with increasing frequency. Additionally, the damping decreased with increasing frequency in the stabilised samples. The shear modulus increases with the increase in the amount of stabilisers. The results also showed the positive effect of partially replacing cement with RHA.
Impact of road alignment on fuel consumption and gas emissions – experimental and analytical research
Authors:   University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, Department of Transportation, Split, Croatia, Cvitanić Dražen , Breški Deana ,   University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, Department of Transportation, Split, Croatia, Maljković Biljana ,   University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, Department of Transportation, Split, Croatia
Published: March 2023

This research analysed the impact of road alignment on the fuel consumption and gas emissions of a vehicle driven at a free-flow speed by an 85th percentile driver. The field experiment included constant and free-flow speed rides by a personal car equipped with a high-performance (10 Hz) Bluetooth global position device and on-board diagnostics connector, with which the travel path, speed, acceleration, and consumption data were recorded. Regression analyses of the dependence of free-flow speed and fuel consumption on the geometric characteristics of the road (curvature, length, longitudinal slope, etc.) resulted in the formation of a reliable model that could compare alternative road designs for a given corridor in terms of route economy and safety. The main parameters contributing to the consumption on tangents were the slope and radii of adjacent curves. For constant speed, the slope was the only geometric parameter that had an impact on fuel consumption.
Del subjuntivo como forma regente
Authors: Fábregas Alfaro Antonio
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo propone un análisis de las construcciones condicionales de doble subjuntivo que sigue una sugerencia que se presentó por primera vez –hasta donde sabemos– en la Gramática de la RAE de 1870. Este trabajo, en cierto sentido, desarrolla –en un modelo teórico moderno– esta propuesta. Argumentamos que las prótasis son estructuras relativas que se relacionan con la apódosis por medio de un operador sobre situaciones; cuando ese operador ha adquirido valor modal en la prótasis y no ha satisfecho el anclaje referencial dentro de la prótasis, entra en la apódosis como un elemento activo y fuerza la proyección del modo en la apódosis, con la consecuencia inmediata de que el verbo aparecerá en subjuntivo.
Introducción
Authors: Polanco Martínez Fernando
Published: March 2023

La Lingüística Cognitiva (LC, en adelante) se ha convertido, en los últimos tiempos, en uno de los paradigmas teóricos más sugestivos –y cada vez más influyentes– en el estudio de las lenguas naturales. Se trata, más que de una teoría del lenguaje, de una estrategia, de una perspectiva integradora que engloba diversos acercamientos al estudio lingüístico. Constituye, en definitiva, un enfoque teórico flexible (Geeraerts y Cuickens 2007: 4)1 en el que confluyen diferentes acercamientos al análisis lingüístico con una visión común del lenguaje y de su estudio.
Funciones discursivas de las oraciones existenciales en español
Authors: Hernández Díaz Axel
Published: March 2023

En algunas oraciones existenciales del español se observa cierta alternancia entre el carácter definido o indefinido de la frase nominal referida a la entidad existente. El verbo existencial prototípico haber, en contraste con otros existenciales, difícilmente participa de esta cualidad, a partir de lo que se observa una función discursiva presentativa específica de este verbo, la de introducir preponderantemente entidades nuevas en el discurso, función que lo distingue en términos semánticos y pragmáticos del resto de los verbos existenciales. En este trabajo se ofrece una explicación sobre las diferencias que subyacen a la alternancia de entidades existentes definidas o indefinidas en oraciones existenciales en relación con los conceptos tópico y foco. El análisis se basa en un corpus diacrónico constituido por estructuras pertenecientes al periodo comprendido entre los siglos XIII y XX.
'Dar/donar" i "fer + substantiu psicològic" en català antic (ss. XIII-XVI): Una aproximació basada en la gramàtica de construccions
Authors: Montserrat Buendia Sandra
Published: March 2023

Hem observat que les construccions fer/donar + substantiu psicològic en català antic i medieval tenen una distribució diferent a la que es dóna en català actual. Concretament, actualment s’hi observa una predilecció per l’ús del verb fer, tria que contrasta amb altres llengües, com ara el castellà: fer por vs. dar miedo. Tanmateix, en la llengua antiga hi ha “no·∙m fa paor” al costat de “los que·∙t donen por”. En aquest article es presenta un estudi exhaustiu de les construccions fer+substantiu psicològic i donar+substantiu psicològic en català antic i medieval (ss. XIII-­‐‑XVI) amb un doble objectiu. D’una banda, descrivim quines són les construccions primitives de què parteixen aquestes construccions i quin és el procés pel qual esdevenen aptes per a l’expressió de les emocions. De l’altra, demostrem que les construccions amb fer i donar descriuen escenes diferents en la llengua antiga i que la preferència actual per fer és causada per la proximitat de les dues escenes en alguns contextos i per la freqüència d’ús. En aquest sentit ens han estat útils els conceptes proporcionats per la Gramàtica de Construccions Cognitiva (GCxC) de Goldberg (1996).
Far ultraviolet mirrors for aurora imaging: design and fabrication
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhou Peng , Ren Shuai , Li Xinkai , Wang Haifeng , Zheng Xin , Chen Bo
Published: March 2023

The emission lines of 140–180 nm are auroral bands of N2 Lyman–Birge–Hopfield, and they have been imaging targets of many satellites that need reflective mirrors. To obtain good imaging quality, the mirrors also should have excellent out-of-band reflection suppression as well as high reflectance at working wavelengths. We designed and fabricated non-periodic multilayer LaF3/MgF2 mirrors with working wave bands of 140–160 nm and 160–180 nm, respectively. We used a match design method and deep search method to design the multilayer. Our work has been utilized in the new wide-field auroral imager of China, and the application of these notch mirrors with excellent out-of-band suppression reduces the utilization of corresponding transmissive filters in the optical system of space payload. Furthermore, our work provides new routes for the design of other reflective mirrors in the far ultraviolet region.
Process optimization of line patterns in extreme ultraviolet lithography using machine learning and a simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Zhao Rongbo , Hu Ziyu , Wang Xiaolin , Tao Peipei , Wang Yimeng , Liu Tianqi , Wei Yayi , Xu Hong , He Xiangming
Published: March 2023

Resolution, line edge/width roughness, and sensitivity (RLS) are critical indicators
for evaluating the imaging performance of resists. As the technology
node gradually shrinks, stricter indicator control is required for
high-resolution imaging. However, current research can improve only
part of the RLS indicators of resists for line patterns, and it is
difficult to improve the overall imaging performance of resists in
extreme ultraviolet lithography. Here, we report a lithographic
process optimization system of line patterns, where RLS models are
first established by adopting a machine learning method, and then
these models are optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm.
Finally, the process parameter combination with optimal imaging
quality of line patterns can be obtained. This system
can control resist RLS indicators, and it exhibits high optimization
accuracy, which facilitates the reduction of process optimization time
and cost and accelerates the development of the lithography
process.
Simultaneous dual-modal photoacoustic and harmonic ultrasound microscopy with an optimized acoustic combiner
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Chen Jiangbo , Amjadian Mohammadreza , Liang Siyi , Qu Zheng , Wang Yue , Zhang Yachao , Wang Lidai
Published: March 2023

Simultaneous photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging provides rich optical and acoustic contrasts with high sensitivity, specificity, and resolution, making it a promising tool for diagnosing and assessing various diseases. However, the resolution and penetration depth tend to be contradictory due to the increased attenuation of high-frequency ultrasound. To address this issue, we present simultaneous dual-modal PA/US microscopy with an optimized acoustic combiner that can maintain high resolution while improving the penetration of ultrasound imaging. A low-frequency ultrasound transducer is used for acoustic transmission, and a high-frequency transducer is used for PA and US detection. An acoustic beam combiner is utilized to merge the transmitting and receiving acoustic beams with a predetermined ratio. By combining the two different transducers, harmonic US imaging and high-frequency photoacoustic microscopy are implemented. In vivo experiments on the mouse brain demonstrate the simultaneous PA and US imaging ability. The harmonic US imaging of the mouse eye reveals finer iris and lens boundary structures than conventional US imaging, providing a high-resolution anatomical reference for co-registered PA imaging.
Frequency stability of cryogenic silicon cavities with semiconductor crystalline coatings
Authors: Kedar Dhruv , Yu Jialiang , Oelker Eric , Staron Alexander , Milner William R. , Robinson John M. , Legero Thomas , Riehle Fritz , Sterr Uwe , Ye Jun
Published: March 2023

State-of-the-art optical oscillators employing cryogenic reference
cavities are limited in performance by the Brownian thermal noise
associated with the mechanical dissipation of the mirror coatings.
Recently, crystalline Al1−xGa
x
As/GaAs coatings have emerged as a promising
candidate for improved coating thermal noise. We present measurements
of the frequency noise of two fully crystalline cryogenic reference
cavities with Al0.92Ga0.08As/GaAs optical coatings. We report on
birefringent noise associated with anticorrelated frequency
fluctuations between the polarization modes of the crystalline
coatings and identify variables that affect its magnitude. Comparing
the birefringent noise between the two cryogenic reference cavities
reveals a phenomenological set of scalings with intracavity power and
mode area. We implement an interrogation scheme that cancels this
noise by simultaneous probing of both polarization modes. The residual
noise remaining after this cancellation is larger than both cavities’
thermal noise limits but still lower than the instabilities previously
measured on equivalent resonators with dielectric coatings. Though the
source of these noise mechanisms is unclear, we demonstrate that
crystalline coatings can provide stability and sensitivity competitive
with resonators employing dielectric coatings.
Dynamic freeform diffractive lens
Authors: Mendoza-Yero Omel
Published: March 2023

In the framework of the scalar theory of diffraction a surface-pixeled
convergent lens for arbitrary amplitude and phase modulation along the
depth of focus is introduced. This complex diffractive lens is
computer-generated from an exact solution of the inverse focal shaping
problem obtained by using the Fresnel diffraction integral. The
spatial multiplexing technique of the double-phase method is employed
to encode the complex diffractive lens into a phase optical element
that can be dynamically implemented with a commercial liquid-crystal
spatial light modulator. The optical surface of this lens, capable of
generating not only a single axial focus but also multiple parallel
foci, has neither linear nor rotational symmetry but phase jumps from
one pixel to another. In addition to intensity shaping, the introduced
lens provides simultaneous control over the phase of light along the
depth of focus, which can be very attractive for improving and/or
developing photonic applications related to the interaction of
coherent laser beams with matter.
Prevalence of and risk factors for overweight among adolescents of a sub-metropolitan city of Nepal
Authors: Khatri Elina , Baral Kedar , Arjyal Amit , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Baral Sushila
Published: March 2023

Background

Overweight is a global public health problem with increasing trend especially in middle to lower socioeconomic country like Nepal. The nutritional status of adolescents being shaped by socio-cultural, environmental, and economic factors has also been impacted by their food habits and level of physical activity. The current nutritional shift and rapid urbanization had emerged overweight as an additional burden for consistently prevalent undernutrition issues. So, the study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for overweight among school adolescents.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among random sample of 279 adolescents from nine schools of a Sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. The anthropometric measurement of the height and the weight were taken as per the standard. The odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered as cut off for statistical significance by fitting into the final multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The overall prevalence of overweight was obtained as 9.31% (95% CI: 6.40–13.3). The early aged adolescents were more overweight than compared to middle-aged adolescents (AOR: 0.27, CI: 0.028–2.67) and late adolescents (AOR: 0.66, CI: 0.068–6.44) respectively. Similarly, adolescents residing in rural areas had 0.35 (AOR = 0.33, CI: 0.030–3.71) odds of being overweight compared to their counterparts. Adolescents with sedentary behavior were about 4 times (AOR = 3.51, CI: 0.79–15.54) more likely of being overweight than their counterparts.

Conclusion

Overweight among adolescents residing in urban areas has emerged as an alarming issue due to their unhealthy lifestyle habits. It is therefore pertinent to emphasize adolescents to maintain healthy weight status through health food habits and physical activity.