bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Wandlung des Grundrechtsschutzes durch das Bundesverfassungsgericht – Recht auf Vergessen I und II als „Solange III“?
Authors: Hofmann Rainer , Heger Alexander , Gharibyan Tamara
Published: December 2020

The relationship between the fundamental rights as laid down in the German Constitution and the fundamental rights contained in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has been exceedingly conflict-prone ever since the early days of the European Union. Related thereto is the ongoing controversy on the judicial prerogative of the German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) within that system. Thus, two big players in the European multi level system, i.e. the BVerfG and the European Court of Justice (ECJ), clash with their judicial powers and diverging interests. With its two recent decisions, 1 BvR 16/13 and 1 BvR 276/17 of November 6, 2019, the First Senate of the BVerfG introduced a far-reaching change in its approach of protecting basic rights by clarifying the relationship between the EU fundamental rights and the fundamental rights of the German Constitution. At the same time, the BVerfG has made a strong effort to maintain its position within the multilevel cooperation of the constitutional courts of EU member states, particularly in relation to the ECJ, which by both sides is referred to as a "cooperative relationship". This article explains the repercussions of the aforementioned judgments on the protection of fundamental rights in the European multi-level system.
Corporations for Future? – Die Zielfunktion der deutschen Aktiengesellschaft im Spiegel unternehmenstheoretischer Überlegungen
Authors: Harenberg Paul
Published: December 2020

Climate change, (the social implications of) digitization and a stark contrast the between advancing globalization of (financial) markets and politically induced trade warfare shape the global economic and regulatory discourse. An intuitively well- founded demand that is regularly voiced in the context of corresponding debates is that businesses should put more emphasis on ethically responsible conduct and demonstrate more social commitment. Nevertheless, it seems questionable whether this assessment is, in fact, sufficiently substantiated in order to withstand a nuanced scholarly analysis. Large, multinational corporations undeniably possess the ability to exert considerable influence - both positive and negative - on societal progress through their decision-making. There are good arguments, however, to suggest that normatively desirable objectives are actually best achieved by subscribing to a contemporary interpretation of the traditional shareholder value doctrine - and not via the intuitive path of calling on the corporate form to pursue outright societal objectives by way of regulation. In any case, the contemporary discourse shows this: the functional positioning of large corporations in the 21st century-context of Fridays for Future and “homeland first”-politics requires a fundamental reassessment. This paper thus pursues the desirable aim of mapping the legal and economic foundation of the firm - exemplified by the German stock corporation - in its newer and most recent form, thereby setting the stage and providing thought-provoking impulses for future research.
The Impacts of Soil Degradation Effects on Phytodiversity and Vegetation Structure on Atacora Mountain Chain in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Okou Farris , Assogbadjo Achille , Augustin Sinsin Brice
Published: December 2020

Atacora mountain is a particular ecosystem of West Africa where soil degradation occurs. The present study assessed the impacts of physical soil degradation on vegetation in the Beninese portion of this mountain chain. Phytosociological surveys were carried out along line transects from plain to summit within 22 plots of 30 m x 30 m. Based on indicators of physical soil degradation each plot was classified into one soil degradation class (Light, Moderate, High or Extreme). Impacts on plant diversity were assessed by comparing the floristic composition of soil degradation classes with the index of similarity of Jaccard. Variations between soil degradation classes of species richness, species chorological types, species life forms and species dispersal were also tested using a discriminant analysis combined with ANOVA. The Multi-Response Permutation Procedures analysis was used to pairwise compare the soil degradation classes based on the cover data of the species lists. All soil degradation classes were dissimilar, depending on the floristic composition. Discriminant analysis and ANOVA performed on biodiversity indicators had shown that species richness, and the number of regional species, phanerophytes and sarcochory decreased along the increasing degradation gradient in contrast to the number of species with wide distribution, therophytes and sclerochory. With regard to vegetation structure, the results had shown that only moderately and highly degraded soils presented the similar vegetation type. Physical soil degradation induced modification of floristic composition, phytodiversity loss and modification of vegetation structure. These results showed that the soil degradation gradient corresponds to a vegetation disturbance gradient.
Understanding the Socio-Emotional Impact of Dyslexia in the Inclusive Classroom
Authors: O’ Brien Trevor
Published: December 2020

Much of the literature pertaining to children’s experiences of dyslexia points to low self esteem and low self-concept as compared with typically developing peers (i.e. those without dyslexia). While the specific difficulties associated with dyslexia may present challenges for those children, the author outlines how external forces such as the environment, relationships and teacher understanding may contribute to (or alleviate) such negative self perceptions. While children may learn and process information differently, negative feelings are often compounded by a teacher’s lack of knowledge regarding this different way of learning in the inclusive classroom. In order to develop truly inclusive practices in schools, it is imperative that contextual issues impacting children are understood and that this understanding is utilised to improve outcomes for all children, including those with dyslexia. It is also contended that children should be at the centre of this process and their views on how they learn best must be considered paramount.
Collagen: From Waste to Gold
Authors: Noorzai Safiya , J.R. Verbeek Casparus
Published: December 2020

Industrial processing of bovine hides into leather results in many unusable hide off-cuttings, shavings and trimmings. This waste raw material is under-utilised and presents a waste valorisation opportunity to derive a high-value product such as collagen. Collagen is a highly sought-after protein which consists of three polypeptide chains, comprising 30% of the mammalian body’s protein, being the main component of skin, connective tissue and cartilage. The demand for collagen is rising at approximately 20% annually and global collagen-based biomaterials market is predicted to reach US$5 billion by 2025. This chapter presents a waste valorisation opportunity to extract collagen from waste bovine hide off-cuttings. Further, it discusses collagen extraction method optimization and methods used to investigate physicochemical properties of collagen are reviewed.
Blossoming for Whom? Social Approval and Body Image
Authors: Mu Wenting , Wu Fan
Published: December 2020

Body image is a multidimensional construct that reflects the way we perceive and feel about our physical appearance. This inside view of our body heavily influences our self-esteem, mental health, and overall well-being. Under the influence of mass media, peers and family, individuals, especially women, may feel pressured to conform to the societal standards of beauty, engage in upward social comparison, and consequently experience negative body image. While our sociocultural surroundings plays a role in the internalization process, other intrapersonal factors, such as appearance-based rejection sensitivity and lack of self-concept clarity, may heighten the risk for some individuals. Body image disturbances can be manifested in forms of avoidance behaviors, monitoring, eating restraints, and body modification. In order to promote body acceptance, we ought to gain insights into the formation of our body image and challenge the commonly held belief on who defines beauty.
Nut Phytonutrients for Healthy Gut: Prebiotic Potential
Authors: Medhi Jinu , Chandra Kalita Mohan
Published: December 2020

Nuts are a combination of prebiotic fiber and phytonutrients and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. According to 2005 “My Pyramid” it has been grouped with the meat and bean group. Bioactive compounds of nuts such as resveratrol, phytosterols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids display synergistic effects on preventing many age related pathologies. Resveratrol has been reported to extend the lifespan in model organisms such as yeast, Drosophila and mouse. Reports propose nuts as the best substitute for red meat to reduce mortality risk. Macadamia nuts with a rich source of monounsaturated fats (oleic and palmitoleic acids) imparts cholesterol lowering effects thereby preventing coronary artery disease. Anacardic acid, a phenolic lipid found in cashew nut shells, is specifically enriched in metastatic melanoma patients in response to immunotherapy. The non-bio-accessible materials of nuts serve as a substrate for human gut microbiota. Regular Walnut enriched diet improves lipid content and enhances probiotic and butyrate producing bacteria composition in healthy individuals. This also reduces cardiovascular risk factors by promoting beneficial bacteria. Gut microbiota diversity studies report an enrichment with genera capable of producing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) following consumption of nuts. The prebiotic effect of nuts can be partly from refining butyrate producing bacteria composition. Hence an optimized diet rich with nuts can be an intervention for promoting a healthy microbiota population and thereby improving overall physiology.
MicroRNAs and Their Role in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Becerra Becerra Edgardo , García-Alcocer Guadalupe
Published: December 2020

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been established as the most common acute leukemia in children, accounting for 80–85% of cases. ALL occurs mostly in children and it is considered as a high-risk disease in the elderlies. ALL is characterized by a clonal disorder where the normal hematopoiesis is replaced by a malignant clonal expansion of lymphoid progenitors. Although many therapeutic strategies have been established to treat ALL leading to improved survival rates, the short-term and long-term complications derived from treatment toxicity represent a critical risk for patients. The treatment-related toxicity suggests a need for the development of new therapy strategies to effectively treat high-risk and low-risk disease. Nowadays, an important approach is focused on the identification of molecules involved in the mechanisms that lead to leukemia generation and progression to determine potential targets at the transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of key molecules that regulate signaling pathways related to lymphopoiesis. miRNAs participate in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and proliferation, as well as their activity. The present review details the recompilation of evidences about the relation between miRNAs and lymphopoiesis, ALL development and progression in order to propose and explore novel strategies to modulate ALL-related miRNA levels as a therapeutic approach.
III-Nitride Nanowires: Future Prospective for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Routray Soumyaranjan , Lenka Trupti
Published: December 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) technology could be a promising candidate for clean and green source of energy. The nanowire technology provides extra mileage over planar solar cells in every step from photon absorption to current generation. Indium Gallium Nitride (InxGa1-xN) is a recently revised material with such a bandgap to absorb nearly whole solar spectrum to increase the conversion efficiency copiously. One of the major technological challenge is in-built polarization charges. This chapter highlights the basic advantageous properties of InxGa 1−xN materials, its growth technology and state-of-the-art application towards PV devices. The most important challenges that remain in realizing a high-efficiency InxGa 1−xN PV device are also discussed. III-Nitride nanowires are also explored in detail to overcome the challenges. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the potential and future aspect of InxGa 1−xN material based nanowires towards terrestrial as well as space photovoltaic applications.
Influence of Injection Molding Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Injected PC/ABS Parts
Authors: Hentati Fatma , Masmoudi Neila
Published: December 2020

This study optimized the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties during injection molding (IM) of PC/ABS blend. The Taguchi method of design of experiments (DOE) was employed to optimize the process parameters and to increase the tensile strength and the elasticity module. Taguchi’s L9 (34) orthogonal array design was employed for the experimental plan. Process parameters of the injection molding such as material temperature, injection pressure, holding time, and mold temperature were studied with three levels. The Signal to noise (S/N) ratio for mechanical properties of PC/ABS blend using the Taguchi method was calculated. Taguchi’s results proposed two sets of optimal injection parameters conditions to achieve the best mechanical characteristics (σ, E). The (S/N) ratio results proved that the injection pressure was the more prominent than the other IM process parameters for the tensile strength, and the material temperature was the more prominent for the elasticity module.
CT-Scan as an Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening Tool in High-Risk Populations; A Diagnostic Study Conducted on a Sample of Urinary Stone Patients
Authors: Ganji Jameshouran Mohammad Ali , Abedi Amir Reza , Montazeri Saeed , Tasharrofi Mohammad Ali , Mansouri Tehrani Mohammad Mersad
Published: December 2020

Background: Osteoporosis is a globally common disorder with significant burdens on the quality of life, and therefore, presents the need for a viable screening tool. Objectives: To establish the diagnostic value of opportunistic computed tomography (CT) scan performed routinely on urinary stone patients for identifying and screening osteoporosis, through measuring vertebral trabecular bone attunement in Hounsfield Units. Patients and Methods: Consecutive subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, who suffered from urinary stones and were undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure for stone removal at a tertiary referral hospital. The CT imaging data for the patients were retrospectively extracted, and the patients then underwent a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan as the standard protocol in measuring bone mineral density (BMD). CTs were assessed, measuring the bone mineral attenuation at the L1 vertebral level. Diagnostic performance protocols and data comparison with DEXA results were measured. Results: Ninety-two patients were enrolled in the study, 31 (34%) of which were designated as osteoporotic according to standard definitions based on DEXA. Vertebral attunement measurements showed sufficient diagnostic performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.983 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.961 – 1.000), 93.55% sensitivity (95% CI, 78.55 – 99.21) and 90.16% specificity (95% CI, 79.81 – 96.30) at the pre-designed 160 Hounsfield units (HU) discriminatory threshold. Conclusion: This study showed that in a high-risk population, vertebral trabecular bone attenuation values retrieved from routine CT imaging holds significant diagnostic value when compared to the gold-standard DEXA, and can be utilized as a viable screening method.
Nationwide digital/virtual diabetes care of children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes during a COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia
Authors: Dovc Klemen , Rajtar Osredkar Simona , Smigoc Schweiger Darja , Battelino Tadej , Bratina Natasa
Published: December 2020

Background: During coronavirus pandemic disease 2019 (COVID-19) the Government of the Republic of Slovenia introduced a series of restrictive measures including outpatient clinics closure and a cessation of all elective healthcare visits. To sustain attentiveness to optimal diabetes care provision, the vast majority of appointments for individuals with type 1 diabetes were transitioned to video digital/virtual visits.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we compared glycaemic control of children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes from the Slovenian National Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Registry during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. We approached all individuals with type 1 diabetes, who had a visit scheduled between 15th of March and 20th of May 2020.

Results: Out of 326 subjects, 313 (96% response rate) attended a video digital/virtual visit. Glycaemic control was not impaired during the lockdown period in individuals with type 1 diabetes and has even slightly improved. Mean glucose was 9.3 mmol/l (IQR 8.3–10.3) during the lockdown, compared to 9.5 mmol/l (IQR 8.2–10.9), p = 0.001 during the pre-lockdown period.

Conclusion: In a short period of time, we established effective workflows to enable video digital/virtual visits that provided individuals with type 1 diabetes good clinical support and prevented deterioration of this chronic condition and its acute complications during the COVID-19 pandemic.
O vício capital da inveja na visão de Ramon Llull
Authors: Alexandre Dos Santos Armando
Published: December 2020

Resumo: Exposição do pensamento de Ramon Llull acerca do vício capital da inveja, inserida na cultura e na espiritualidade da Idade Média, destacando, de um lado, sua conformidade com a doutrina espiritual e teológica acerca do assunto, e de outro lado sua extrema originalidade na aplicação prática dessa doutrina.Palavras-chave: inveja, vício capital, espiritualidade medieval, literatura catalã, Ramon Llull.Abstract: Exposition of Ramon Llull’s thought about the capital vice of envy, inserted in the culture and spirituality of the Middle Ages, highlighting its conformity with the spiritual and theological doctrine on the subject, and at the same time his extreme originality in the application practice of that doctrine.Keywords: envy, capital vice, medieval spirituality, catalan literature, Ramon Llull
Per causa de certs crims per aquells perpetrats e comeses. Notícies, sancions i càstigs dels perseguits per la justícia valenciana al segle XV
Authors: Barber Blasco Alberto
Published: December 2020

Resum: Quins conflictes quotidians s’originaven a la València del segle XV? Qui eren els malfactors que actuaven al marge de la llei i trencaven la convivència? De quina manera eren castigats? Aquestes són algunes de preguntes que volem respondre a través de la nostra proposta. El nostre objectiu serà mostrar les notícies, sancions i punicions que atesten homicidis, furts, bruixeries, assalts de camins i altres pràctiques delictives que es produïen dins de les immediateses geogràfiques de la ciutat de València i, fins i tot, de més enllà del regne. El treball es basteix a partir  d’algunes mostres conservades en diferents registres documentals com són, d’una banda, els llibres de comptes de la claveria comuna de la ciutat de València i, d’altra banda, els llibres de comptes i de cèdules del Justícia Criminal. Gràcies a aquestes fonts, podrem donar a conéixer alguns dels personatges que protagonitzaven aquestes malifetes i el seus estils de vida.Paraules clau: conflictivitat social, justícia, criminalitat, Juscícia CriminalAbstract: Which cotidian conflicts were origined in the XVth century in Valencia? Who were the criminals that acted outside the law and break the convivence? How they were punished? These are some cuestiones that we want to respond with our propose. Our objetive will be to show the news, fines and punishments that testify fights, sorcery, path’s raiders and other criminal practices were produced in the Valencia’s geographic sorroundings, even outside of the Valencia’s kingdom borders.Our reserach will be di dit showing different sources registers as the account books of the city and the account and diligences books of the Criminal Justice. Thanks to these sources we will be able to make known some of the Characters who were the protagonists of these misdeeds and their lifestyle.Keywords: social conflict, justice, criminality, Justícia Criminal
Connexions entre el ball i la prostitució en la tardor medieval: fembres pecadrius, reis arlots i çabies
Authors: Sanchis Francés Raül
Published: December 2020

Resum: En aquest estudi es constaten les estretes relacions existents durant la tardor medieval entre les fembres pecadrius i la pràctica del ball: per una banda, als ravals i els prostíbuls, controlats algun temps per la figura del rei Arlot, i per l’altra, a l’entorn de la cort, sota el redós de les classes dirigents. A més, s’hi analitzen impostos com la tarquena o tarchana (tarcón en castellà), que gravava les activitats de les çabies o sabies (prostitutes musulmanes) i les intervencions musicals dels joglars en les noces i les sambres del col·lectiu sarraí.Paraules clau: ball, prostitutes, rei Arlot, çabies, tarquena, edat mitjanaAbstract: This study shows the close relationship between the sinful females (fembres pecadrius) and the practice of dance during the medieval autumn: on the one hand, in the slums and brothels, controlled by the figure of King of Harlots for some time, and on the other, in the Court, under the shelter of the ruling classes. In addition, it analyses impositions such as the tarquena or tarchana (also tarcon, in Castilian), which taxed the activities of the çabies or sabies (Muslim prostitutes) and the musical interventions of the minstrels at weddings and zambras of the Saracen collective.Keywords: dance, prostitutes, king of Harlots, çabies (Muslim Prostitutes), tarquena (Tax), Middle Ages
Juicios y sentencias del Tribunal de la Santa Inquisición de Murcia contra ciudadanos residentes en la Corona de Aragón, desde el siglo XV al XIX
Authors: Doménech Villa Ramón
Published: December 2020

Resumen: Durante cinco siglos, el tribunal de la Inquisicón de Murcia se encargó de juzgar los casos más diversos y realizar innumerables persecuciones, con mayor o menor intensidad y dureza, contra aquellos que se salían de la doctrina represiva marcada por la iglesia. A los supuestos delitos religiosos contra la doctrina y la fe, se unían aquellos de carácter sexual, además de los llevados a cabo contra numerosos clérigos de dudoso comportamiento e integridad ética y moral.Extraídos del catálogo publicado por Juan Bláquez Miguel en la revista Murgetana en el año 1987, teniendo como fuente principal la documentación existente en el Archivo Histórico Nacional, el estudio que se presenta analiza los juicios, sentencias y fechas que la institución de la cruz, la espada y la rama de olivo llevó a cabo contra numerosos ciudadanos que, por una causa u otra, se encontraban en territorios pertenecientes a la Corona de Aragón en el momento de ser detenidos y juzgados por diferentes motivos: judíos, musulmanes, bígamos, clérigos matrimoniados, brujas, herejes, curas que realizaban las más variadas proposiciones deshonestas para su cargo..., todos ellos forman parte de la relación que ocupará las siguientes páginas. Situaciones de lo más variado y de las que no podemos separar las más crueles sentencias imaginables.Palabras clave: Inquisición, Murcia, procesos, Corona de Aragón Abstract: For five centuries, this court was in charge of judging the most diverse cases and carrying out innumerable persecutions, with greater or less intensity and harshness, against those who departed from the repressive doctrine set by the church. Added to the alleged religious crimes against doctrine and faith were those of a sexual nature, in addition to those carried out against numerous clerics of questionable behavior and ethical and moral integrity. Extracted from the catalog published by Juan Bláquez Miguel in the Murgetana magazine in 1987, having as its main source the existing documentation in the National Historical Archive, the study that is presented analyzes the trials, sentences and dates that the institution of the cross, the sword and olive branch carried out against numerous citizens who, for one reason or another, were in territories belonging to the Crown of Aragon at the time of being arrested and tried for different reasons, some of them the most crazy that we can imagine today: Jews, Muslims, bigamists, married clergymen, witches, heretics, priest who made the most varied dihonest proposals for their position... all of them are part of the list that will occupy the following pages. Situations of the most varied and from which we cannot separate the most cruel sentences imaginable.Keywords: Inquisition, Murcia, process, Crown of Aragon
A new noise covariance matrix estimation method of Kalman filter for satellite clock errors
Authors: Lin Xu  , Luo Zhi-Cai  ,   School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;,   Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;,   State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430079, China
Published: December 2020

The satellite clock plays a key role in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The accuracy of GNSS and its applications depend on the quality of the satellite clock. Therefore, precisely estimating and predicting the satellite clock is an important issue in the fields of GNSS and its application. As an optimal estimation algorithm, Kalman filter has been used to estimate and predict the satellite clock. However, in a conventional Kalman filter algorithm, the noise covariance matrices of satellite clock need to be predetermined, which restricts its further applications since the noise covariance matrices, especially the process noise covariance matrix, are usually unknown in the real cases. With inappropriate noise covariance matrices, the state estimation of conventional Kalman filter is suboptimal. To cope with this problem, a new noise covariance matrix estimation method of Kalman filter is proposed, and then we apply it to the problem of satellite clock estimation and prediction. Considering the fact that the process noise covariance matrix depends on the unknown noise parameters, the problem of estimating process noise covariance matrix can be solved by estimating the unknown noise parameters. First, the correlation between the Kalman innovations is used to establish a linear relationship with the unknown noise parameters. Then the unknown parameters can be estimated by least-squares estimation. Finally, the satellite clock can be estimated and predicted with the estimated noise parameters. In the new method, no prior information about the noise parameters is needed. Even with some extreme prior noise parameters, the new method can also work very well and has good convergence properties. For comparison, we conduct two experiments using the new method and the adaptively robust Kalman filter with classified adaptive factors based on opening windows separately, both results are consistent with each other very well, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of this new method.
Near classical states of three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator in spherical coordinate system
Authors: Li Xing-Hua  , Yang Ya-Tian  ,   College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
Published: December 2020

One can easily understand the transition from special relativity to Newton mechanics under the condition of v/c 1. But it is not so easy to understand the transition from quantum representation to classical representation from the point of view of wave mechanics. We define such a quantum state as near classical state (NCS), in which the mean value of coordinates equals the classical solution on a macroscopic scale. We take the NCS for three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator in a spherical coordinate system for example. We take

and choose
cnl =(1/(2N+1))(1/(2lM+1)).
The mean values of coordinates are
r2 =(Ecl)/(2)(1+1-((2Lcl2)/(Ecl2)cos(2t))
and
tg = (Ecl/lcl)[1-1-((Lcl)/(Ecl)2]tg(t))
in this NCS, which are in agreement with the classical solution on a macroscopic scale, where N/N1, lM/lM1. N and lM are determined by the macroscopic state. N =[(Ecl)/(ħ)], Ecl = 1/22(a2+ b2) , lM= [Lcl}/ħ], and Lcl = ab. Here , Ecl and Lcl respectively denote the mass, the energy and the angular momentum of harmonic oscillator. And the bracket [c] means taking the integer part of the number c, for example [2.78]=2. It is also emphasized that for a definite macro state, there are many NCS corresponding to a macro state; just like the case in statistical physics, many micro dynamical states correspond to a macro thermodynamic state. Thus the transition from quantum representation to classical representation is a coarse-graining process and also an information losing process.
Statistical properties of binomial and negative-binomial combinational optical field state and its generation in quantum diffusion channel
Authors: Fan Hong-Yi  , Wu Ze  ,   Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;,   Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, China;,   Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, China
Published: December 2020

According to the combinational binomial-negative-binomial distribution, we propose a binomial-negative-binomial combinational optical field state, which can be generated in the process of a Fock state |m>m| passing through a quantum-mechanical diffusion channel. We derive the second-order coherence degree formula, g(2)(t) =2-((m2+m)/(m+κt2)), which is the diffusion constant. We find that in the process of the Fock state undergoing quantum diffusion and becoming classical, the corresponding photon statistics evolves from sub-Poissonian distribution to Poisson distribution and finally goes to a chaotic state. We also find that the more photons in the initial Fock state, the longer time is needed for quantum decoherence.
Thermodynamic properties of Fermi gas under generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Li He-Ling  , Wang Juan-Juan  , Yang Bin  , Wang Ya-Ni  , Shen Hong-Jun  ,   School of Physics and Electrical Information Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Published: December 2020

When taking into account the generalized uncertainty principle in statistical physics, the density of states must make a correction, which causes all the results of traditional statistical physics to have different degrees of correction. In high-energy or high-temperature conditions, this amendment can subvert the traditional concept and there are also some certain amendments at low temperatures. In this paper we study the thermodynamic properties of the ideal and weakly interacting Fermi gas in low temperature conditions when the generalized uncertainty principle is taken into account. Firstly, analytical expressions of chemical potential, internal energy and heat capacity at constant volume of ideal or weakly interacting Fermi gas are given. Then the properties of copper electron gas are computed as an example, showing that when the generalized uncertainty principle is taken into account the chemical potential, Fermi energy and the ground state energy increase with the increase of temperature, while the heat capacity decreases. When the temperature is lower than 0.3 times TF0, the internal energy increases with the increase of temperature, but becomes decreased when temperature is high than 0.3 times TF0. These amendments are mostly dependent on particle density, which becomes bigger and bigger with particle density increasing.
Broadband energy harvesting from coherence resonance of a piezoelectric bistable system and its experimental validation
Authors: Lan Chun-Bo  , Qin Wei-Yang  , Li Hai-Tao  ,   Department of Engineering Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Published: December 2020

Piezoelectric effect is an effective way of harvesting energy from the environmental broadband vibration. In this paper, we investigate the coherence resonance of a piezoelectric bistable vibration energy harvester theoretically and experimentally. The device is comprised of a cantilever beam with magnetic repulsive force. Firstly, the electromechanical coupled equation is derived based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Then, analyzing the potential shapes, we learn that when the system oscillates between the two potential wells, it will produce a large voltage generally. And the beam dynamic response under the random excitation is simulated by Euler-Maruyama method. The results of simulations and experiments show that there is a coherence resonance threshold in the Duffing type piezoelectric bistable energy harvester. When the standard deviation of the random excitation is less than the threshold, the motion state of the system will be trapped in a single potential well, which results in a low average output power. And when the excitation standard deviation is larger than the threshold, the system stochastic stability will change. The dynamic displacement and strain clearly show that the system can exhibit large oscillation between the two potential wells. Then, Kramers rate is used to explain the coherence resonance threshold of the bistable system under the broadband random excitation. The experimental results show that when the coherence resonance takes place, the beam will oscillate between the two potential wells more frequently, and the broadband vibration energy can be transformed into large amplitude narrow band low-frequency oscillation response, which can greatly improve the harvesting effectiveness of broadband vibration energy.
Calibration system for OH radicals based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Guo-Liang  , Hu Ren-Zhi  , Xie Pin-Hua  , Chen Hao  , Qin Min  , Fang Wu  , Wang Dan  , Xing Xing-Biao  ,   Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;,   School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: December 2020

In the present paper, we describe a calibration system for OH radicals based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). In the system OH radicals can be produced by photolysis of H2O which is irradiated by the 185 nm light in a cavity. The produced OH radicals with a certain concentration can be detected exactly. The system consists of a xenon lamp as light source in which the light has been collimated, a 1.25 m multiple-reflection cell in which the light can reflect 60 times to achieve 75.0 m whole path-length, and a double pass high resolution echelle spectrometer that is suitable for the measurement of OH radicals (best resolution: 3.3 pm). Utilizing the system the measurement spectra and lamp spectra can be obtained for OH concentration retrieval. OH concentration can be calculated by DOAS retrieval and during the DOAS retrieval the reference absorption cross section is obtained by applying the Voigt broadening method to the absorption lines. By changing water vapor concentration, the system accurately detects OH concentration ranging from 5×108 molecules/cm3 to 1.8×1010 molecules/cm3. In the concentration range, OH concentration fluctuation is very small. For example, when the volume ratio between water vapor and pure N2 reaches 0.3 L:24.7 L, the fluctuation is just ± 4%. Taking into account the effects of absorption cross section, gas pressure in the cavity and other factors, the total systematic error of the instrument is less than 7.3%. According to the results in the paper, the system can be used for the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technology calibration in field experiments.
Experimental study on multi-wavelength ptychographic imaging in visible light band
Authors: Wang Dong  , Ma Ying-Jun  , Liu Quan  , Shi Yi-Shi  ,   Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;,   State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Published: December 2020

We perform a series of computer simulations and optical experiments for multiple-wavelength ptychographic imaging to analyze the relationship between the imaging quality and the magnitude of wavelength. Two kinds of samples including the grating-like and the biological sample are tested. Our experimental results are highly consistent with simulations, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the multiple-wavelength ptychography. Compared with the single-wavelength ptychographic imaging, it can achieve very good imaging quality with a fast speed of iterative convergence and a high robustness to the noises in the case of multiple-wavelengh ptychography. In addition, optical experiments also reveal that with the magnitude of wavelength increasing, the complexity of the ptychographic system is grown up within increased noises and errors, which causes the imaging quality to keep no enhancement or even to get worse. For our concrete configuration in this paper, with a simple digital procedure for noise depressing, the best results may be obtained for the case of dual-wavelength. Furthermore, it implies that there is an optimized condition for multiple-wavelength ptychography. We find that it requires mainly analyzing the balance between the multiple-wavelength-benefited noise-resistance and the systematic complexity for the optimized condition, which may be really important and meaningful for the practical utilizing of multiple-wavelength ptychography.
300 W all-fiber amplifier with distributed side-coupled pump configuration
Authors: Dong Fan-Long  , Ge Ting-Wu  , Zhang Xue-Xia  , Tan Qi-Rui  , Wang Zhi-Yong  ,   National Center of Laser Technology, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Published: December 2020

The angle-polished side-pump coupler is fabricated by fused splicing angle-polished multimode fibers and 20/400 μm double-clad Yb-doped large mode area fiber together. The coupling efficiency of side-pumped coupler for 975 nm pumping light can reach up to 97%, and the leakage ratio of 1080 nm signal light is less than 2%. We analyze the performance of a single side-pumped coupler and also the influence of the distribution of cascade stage couplers on the efficiency of fiber amplifier. Using self-developed side-pumped couplers, we build a distributed side-pumped, ytterbium-doped double-clad all-fiber master oscillator amplifier, and an continuous and single mode laser of 1080 nm wavelength with a 303 W maximum output power is obtained. Finally, increasing the number of the side couplers to improve pump power, the output power of the amplifier becomes higher.
Correction of error induced by nonlinear movement of feedback mirror in laser feedback stress measurment system
Authors: Niu Hai-Sha  , Niu Yan-Xiong  , Liu Ning  , Liu Wen-Wen  , Wang Cai-Li  ,   School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electroncis Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: December 2020

Stress distribution of optical materials can be measured by using the laser feedback effect. Owing to the non-linear movement of the feedback mirror, the result accuracy of the system will decrease. In this work, we measure the displacement of the feedback mirror by using a high precision quasi-common-path laser feedback interferometry. The displacement-time function is obtained by a high-end fitting method. The stress measurement error induced by the non-linear movement of the feedback mirror is calculated according to the displacement-time function and a three-mirror cavity equivalent model, and the correction for the system accuracy is achieved. The results show that the different movement direction of the feedback mirror gives rise to an opposite variation trend of error. Measurement error can be reduced by averaging the results in different directions. In the study we analyze the influence of the non-linear movement of the feedback mirror on the measurement accuracy, and a method of improving the error is proposed. This method is significant for correcting the measurement results and improving the accuracy.
Dark signal degradation in proton-irradiated complementary metal oxide semiconductor active pixel sensor
Authors: Wang Bo  , Li Yu-Dong  , Guo Qi  , Liu Chang-Ju  , Wen Lin  , Ren Di-Yuan  , Zeng Jun-Zhe  , Ma Li-Ya  ,   Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electric Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;,   Chongqing Optoelectronics Research Institute, Chongqing 400060, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we discuss the dark signal increase in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor due to proton-induced damage, and present the basic mechanism that may cause failure. When the fluence of protons reaches a predetermined point, the change of dark signal of the device is measured offline. The experimental result shows that as the fluence of protons increases, mean dark signal increases rapidly. The main reason for dark signal degradation is: 1) the ionizing damage causes a build-up of oxide trapped charge and interface state at the Si-SiO2 interface. The creation of the interface traps (with energy levels within the silicon bandgap), which can communicate with carriers in the silicon, gives rise to the thermal generation of the electron-hole pairs and, hence increasing the dark signals; 2) when protons pass through the sensor, there is a possibility of collisions with silicon lattice atoms in the bulk silicon. In these collisions, atoms can be displaced from their lattice sites and defects are formed. These resulting defects can give rise to states with energy levels within the forbidden bandgap. The increasing of dark signal is therefore one of the prominent consequences of bulk displacement. We use multi-layered shielding simulation software to calculate the ionization damage dose and displacement damage dose. Based on the comparison of the test data of gamma radiation, combined with the device structure and process parameters, a theoretical model for separation proton-induced ionization and displacement damage effects on CMOS active pixel is constructed, and the degradation mechanism of the mean dark signal is investigated. The result shows that the contribution of ionization effect induced surface dark signal and the contribution of displacement damage induced bulk dark signal to dark signal degradation of the whole device are roughly equal in this domestic CMOS active pixel.
Dolphin-leap of the torpedo and the selection of the initial rotational angular velocity
Authors: Xu Bao-Wei  , Feng Jin-Fu  , Hu Jun-Hua  , Liu An  , Cheng Xiang-Dong  ,   Engineering College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China;,   Air Force Xi'an Flight Academy, Xi'an 710036, China
Published: December 2020

The process which the torpedo, with relying on its inertia, jumps out of water in a certain gesture and falls into water, is called dolphin-leap. According to the dolphin-leap, the torpedo is required to get into the water at its zero angle of attack, but this gesture cannot be controlled during the torpedo moving in air. In order to solve the problem, a solution to control the initial water-exit rotational angular velocity is developed according to the proposed dolphin-leap model. The variables like added mass, buoyancy, buoyant center, wetted area, wetted volume, etc. are dependent on water-exit gesture and process. The derivative term of each physical quantity is fully considered in the dolphin-leap model, and the relationship between torpedo's hydrodynamic drag coefficient and attack angle is analyzed, then the motion model is built and the torpedo's dolphin-leap law is obtained. The optimal search algorithm is used to obtain the initial rotational angular velocity which makes the torpedo dolphin-leap fall into the water at its zero angle of attack. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed model and the solution for controlling the initial rotational angular velocity.
Quasi-isentropic experiment based on Shen Guang-III prototype laser facility with laser direct drive illumination
Authors: Wang Feng  , Peng Xiao-Shi  , Xue Quan-Xi  , Xu Tao  , Wei Hui-Yue  ,   Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: December 2020

Quasi-isentropic compression technique is very useful for new material, shock wave physics, and earth physics. With shaping pulse laser, the quasi-isentropic compression technique is provided. For the designed experimental condition, the high energy density of shaping lasers can be used to generate shockless loading on the solid material to reach a high compression rate state with low temperature, which cannot be obtained with shock compression and isentropic compression technique. Then a new way to study the material can be provided. In this paper, the isentropic compression experiment with laser direct-drive illumination based on Shen Guang-III prototype laser facility is conducted. The theoretical model, target designing, experimental results, key technique, experimental characteristics and experimental data are analyzed in detail. The compression pressure above 400 GPa on the loading surface is obtained with experimental data and processing program, which is the highest pressure achieved to date. After comparing the apparent particle velocity with the true particle velocity, the dynamic correction curve can be obtained to achieve the real particle velocity, which is more accurate. The improving direction is provided, which will provide the important information. The experimental data and design will give the valuable reference for the study in this field.