bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Type of High School and the Students' English Language Proficiency
Authors: Reza Ghamari Mohammad , Hosseini Farzad
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the English language learning status in 18 high schools in Tehran, Iran. The aim was to examine the extent to which the students have achieved English proficiency, due to the type of high school (non- profit and ordinary- governmental) in which they studied. Also, an attempt was made to explore whether the student' performance on vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading, and writing would be different in terms of students' attendance in language institutes. Furthermore, in this study, the subjects' attitude toward English and its effect on the skills was taken into account.
Pobreza en México: Factor de vulnerabilidad para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático
Authors: Mérida-Martínez Y , Acuña-Gamboa L. A.
Published: July 2016

Los niveles de pobreza que se presentan en México constituyen una problemática que se agudiza cada vez más en las diferentes escalas territoriales. La escasez de recursos económicos para el acceso a bienes, servicios y el factor cultural, constituyen la principal restricción para acceder a un nivel de vida adecuado, el cual proporcione condiciones integrales de seguridad en la población. Dicha condición resulta un factor determinante en la imposibilidad para hacer frente a los distintos fenómenos hidrometeorológicos y geológicos que se presentan como parte de las alteraciones climáticas en el sistema terrestre, situación que vulnera a la población en condición de pobreza a padecer los estragos en todas sus dimensiones: física, económica y social. El cambio climático, visto como un proceso que ha venido agudizándose debido a la actividad antrópica en las diferentes escalas territoriales, debilita la capacidad de respuesta y prevención de desastres ocasionados por éste, no sólo en los grupos vulnerables, más bien, en la intervención de las instancias gubernamentales, lo que conlleva a momentos de inestabilidad política, económica y social en los diferentes niveles de actuación (local, estatal y nacional).
La transdisciplinariedad una herramienta para transformar la investigación y extensión universitaria
Authors: Alfaro-Mardones Juan Ignacio
Published: July 2016

La Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN – Managua) desde la Facultad multidisciplinaria de Matagalpa y la Unión de campesinos organizados de San Dionisio (UCOSD) están realizando un diálogo transdisciplinario desde el año 2013. A través de una investigación acción participativa donde se están articulando diferentes niveles de grado y postgrado de la Universidad con las necesidades organizativas, productivas y ambientales de la organización campesina. Desde las carreras de ingeniería agronómica, economía y economía agrícola se ha dialogado con más de 300 familias campesinas organizadas en la subcuenca del río Cálico. En estos diálogos desde las 13 comunidades donde tienen presencia la UCOSD se ha detectado una enfermedad: la organización comunitaria ha muerto dejando paso a una burocracia administrativa que transforma poco a poco de un movimiento social campesino en una empresa prestadora de servicios campesinos. Las contradicciones que sufren los movimientos campesinos y las familias rurales dialogan con las propias contradicciones que sufre la Universidad en su quehacer investigativo y de extensión. Modelos jerárquicos de poder, visiones del conocimiento encontradas y poco respetuosas, inercias de transferencia y no escucha, dolores personales que cargan mochilas pesadas sobre sus estudiantes o sobre los hijos e hijas de los productores. Estas contradicciones nos ayudan a repensar los modelos de gobierno, los modelos de investigación y extensión y su articulación con docencia que debería impulsar una Universidad para enfrentar los retos y transformaciones de este siglo XXI.

Rev. iberoam. bioecon. cambio clim. Vol. 1 num 2, 2015, pág. 52-74
Innovación: la importancia de identificarla y medirla la dinámica del subsector papa (solanum tuberosum) en el norte de Nicaragua
Authors: Picado-Vanegas Armando
Published: July 2016

El tema en discusión se refiere a la innovación, desde la perspectiva subsectorial; tiene como objeto de estudio, el conocimiento sobre las expresiones de la innovación en el subsector productivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum. L), que ubica su dinámica, principalmente en los territorios de Matagalpa, Jinotega y Estelí ubicados en el norte de Nicaragua. El problema radica en la inexistencia de una metodología adecuada para la identificación y medición de la innovación de los subsectores productivos nicaragüenses. Este estudio en proceso, tiene como objetivo, crear una metodología que brinde aproximaciones que permitan identificar y medir la innovación de este subsector productivo. Los aportes teóricos, metodológicos y prácticos del estudio radican en la búsqueda de incrementar la información y el conocimiento sobre las diversas dinámicas que afectan significativamente las actividades de un subsector productivo, importante dentro de un territorio con características agroecológicas similares, cuyos atributos especiales, posibilitan el desarrollo de una actividad productiva determinada, cuya influencia en el desarrollo territorial es relevante.
Análisis del impacto de la Actividad Solar y la variabilidad climática en la productividad apícola para el territorio cubano
Authors: Sierra-Figueredo Pablo , Pérez-Piñeiro Adolfo , Duran Zarabozo Odil , Marinero-Orate Edgar Antonio , Zaldivar-Cruz Juan Manuel
Published: July 2016

Los resultados que se muestran en el presente trabajo tratan de responder a algunas interrogantes surgidas en trabajos anteriores realizados por los mismos autores en cuanto a la incidencia de la actividad solar y geomagnética sobre la productividad apícola no sólo teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad multianual de las mismas, sino también la estacionalidad que de forma muy fuerte se observa en dicho renglón productivo y la intermodulación entre ésta y la variabilidad climática presente, también influida por la Actividad Solar. Para ello se llevó a cabo el procesamiento de la data melífera comprendida entre el año 1979 y el 2013 con resolución mensual, teniendo en cuenta la producción total de miel, la de cera y el rendimiento por colmena para todo el país. Como índice representativo del Clima Espacial se utilizó el índice geomagnético planetario Ap. Las series de tiempo generadas y analizadas, así como el resultado estadístico obtenido muestran nexos causales entre Ap y las variables apícolas dignos de tener en cuenta para una mejor planificación de la labor apícola con fines de mejorar la productividad.
Sumário bilingue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: July 2016

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Water and forests in the Mediterranean hot climate zone: a review based on a hydraulic interpretation of tree functioning
Authors: David Teresa Soares , Pinto Clara Assunção , Nadezhdina Nadezhda , David Jorge Soares
Published: July 2016

Aim of the study: Water scarcity is the main limitation to forest growth and tree survival in the Mediterranean hot climate zone. This paper reviews literature on the relations between water and forests in the region, and their implications on forest and water resources management. The analysis is based on a hydraulic interpretation of tree functioning.Area of the study: The review covers research carried out in the Mediterranean hot climate zone, put into perspective of wider/global research on the subject. The scales of analysis range from the tree to catchment levels.Material and Methods: For literature review we used Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar as bibliographic databases. Data from two Quercus suber sites in Portugal were used for illustrative purposes.Main results: We identify knowledge gaps and discuss options to better adapt forest management to climate change under a tree water use/availability perspective. Forest management is also discussed within the wider context of catchment water balance: water is a constraint for biomass production, but also for other human activities such as urban supply, industry and irrigated agriculture.Research highlights: Given the scarce and variable (in space and in time) water availability in the region, further research is needed on: mapping the spatial heterogeneity of water availability to trees; adjustment of tree density to local conditions; silvicultural practices that do not damage soil properties or roots; irrigation of forest plantations in some specific areas; tree breeding. Also, a closer cooperation between forest and water managers is needed.Keywords: tree hydraulics; tree mortality; climate change; forest management; water resources.
Carbon content of forest floor and mineral soil in Mediterranean Pinus spp. and Oak stands in acid soils in Northern Spain
Authors: Herrero Celia , Turrión María Belén , Pando Valentín , Bravo Felipe
Published: July 2016

Aim of study: The aim of the study was to determine the baseline carbon stock in forest floor and mineral soils in pine and oak stands in acid soils in Northern Spain.Area of study: The study area is situated in northern Spain (42° N, 4° W) on “Paramos y Valles” region of PalenciaMaterial and methods: An extensive monitoring composed of 48 plots (31 in pine and 17 in oak stands) was carried out. Litter layers and mineral soil samples, at depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, were taken in each plot. An intensive monitoring was also performed by sampling 12 of these 48 plots selected taken in account species forest composition and their stand development stage. Microbial biomass C (CMB), C mineralization (CRB), and soil organic C balance at stand level were determined in surface soil samples of intensive monitoring.Main results: No differences in soil C content were detected in the two forest ecosystems up to 60 cm depth (53.0±25.8 Mg C ha-1 in Pinus spp. plantations and 60.3±43.8 Mg C ha-1 in oak stands). However, differences in total C (CT), CMB and CRB were found in the upper 10 cm of the soils depending on the stand development stage in each species forest composition (Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica). Plots with high development stage exhibited significant lower metabolic quotient (qCO2), so, meant more efficient utilization of C by the microbial community. The C content in the forest floor was higher in pine stands (13.7±0.9 Mg C ha-1) than in oak stands (5.4±0.7 Mg C ha-1). A greater turnover time was found in pine ecosystems vs. oak stands. In contrast, forest floor H layer was nonexistent in oak stands.Research highlights: Results about litterfall, forest floor and mineral soil dynamics in this paper can be used strategically to reach environmental goals in new afforestation programs and sustainable forest management approaches.Keywords: C stocks; pine; Quercus pyrenaica; litter; metabolic quotient (qCO2).
Risk Disclosure: Empirical Investigation of UAE Companies’ Compliance with International Accounting Standards
Authors: Halbouni Sawsan Saadi , Yasin Asifa
Published: July 2016

This paper empirically investigates the degree of compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS 21) Foreign Currencies Translation, which is a proxy for risk disclosure by public companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The current study also examines potential factors, which might be affecting risk disclosure through utilizing IAS 21 voluntary disclosure indicator checklist to find risk disclosure by 52 companies listed on UAE stock markets for 2011 and 2012. In addition, regression analysis tests are applied to determine factors affecting risk disclosure. The results indicate a low level of risk disclosure demonstrated by companies understudy, a significant impact of business type on risk disclosure, and a negative significant impact of company age on risk disclosure. Furthermore, the results show that size, profitability, type of audit firm, and liquidity, they all had insignificant impact on risk disclosure as to the UAE sample understudy. In general, the findings show a low degree of compliance with IAS 21 Foreign Currency Translation by companies in the UAE, suggesting a serious overseers' intervention and corporate governance to guarantee quality financial reporting produced by UAE-listed firms.
Examination and Evaluation of the Distinguishing Features of Human Resource Management in Europe: A Study Based on Certain German and British Companies
Authors: Wei Liying
Published: July 2016

This paper studies the distinguishing features of HRM in Europe by focusing on firms in Germany and UK. The study offers a contrast and explanation about how European firms develop and use their HRM policies, such as different cultural predispositions, employee resourcing, training and development as well as pay. According to the empirical analysis using STATA on 1882 active publicly listed companies in the UK and Germany, the effects of HRM on operating revenue per employee were exhibited in detail. Longer power distance led to more operating revenue per employee except those in banks. Furthermore, individualism guaranteed more operating revenue, but only in Germany and in the industrial companies. On the contrary, a negative coefficient was identified between operating revenue and short-run orientation especially in industrial companies. Additionally, there was no obvious relationship between operating revenue and the gender of the chairman/president.
Enhancing Marketing Efficiency of the Saudi Dates at the National and International Markets
Authors: Ahmed M. Al-Abdulkader , Safar H. Al-Kahtani , Sobhy M. Ismaiel, , Ahmed M. Elhendi , Ali I. Saad , Yosef A. Alamri , Abdullah I. Al-Dakhil
Published: July 2016

Date sector is a considerate sector worldwide with an estimated trade value equivalent to about 3.72 billion Saudi Riyals (SR) in 2013. Enhancing marketing efficiency of dates becomes imperative to nations that date sector has a special status in their economies and social heritage such that of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This research paper is targeted to estimate the marketing efficiency of dates at different marketing channels qualitatively using a typical five level LIKERT scale and quantitatively using the Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (2s DEA), to estimate the potential economic impact of improving marketing efficiency on the date marketing channels and on the national economy, and to introduce a set of policies and mechanisms that enhance the competitiveness of the Saudi dates at the local and international markets.
The estimated results showed that the total market value of the Saudi dates is about 22.65 billion SR annually, and there is a great potential to improve date marketing efficiency to achieve an additional 30 per cent of value added to traders and the national economy, equivalent to about 6.88 billion SR annually. The research paper concluded with a set of policies and mechanisms to enhance the marketing efficiency and the competitiveness of the Saudi dates at the local and international markets.
Quality of Life in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: The Greek Experience
Authors: Stofa Maria , Xanthos Theodoros , Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos , Chalkias Athanasios , Barouxis Dimitrios , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Iacovidou Nicoletta
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Recent developments in treatment have steadily raised the median predicted age of survival for people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). We report the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in CF adult patients and correlate our findings with the patients’ demographic characteristics. Material and methods: The Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life (CFQoL) questionnaire was answered by 77 CF adult patients. The questionnaire included questions pertaining to age, sex and level of education and covered eight sections of functioning. Results: The highest score was reported in the “Social Functioning” section, while the lowest in the “Concerns for the Future” section. When different age groups were compared, statistical significances were reported in “Physical Functioning”, “Interpersonal Relationships”, and the “Career Concerns” section, with older patients reporting statistically higher HRQoL scores than younger ones (p < 0.005). No statistically significant difference was reported amongst the scoring between male and female CF patients. When different educational levels were compared, patients that had received a higher educational training scored statistically higher in all but one sections of the questionnaire when compared with patients of a lower educational level (p < 0.005). Conclusion: More than half Greek adult CF patients report that they are capable to participate in social activities but most of them are worried about the outcome of their disease and its effect on their lives.
Introduction: Toward a Russian Geopoetics, or Some Ways of Relating Russia to the World
Authors: Banerjee Anindita , Presto Jenifer
Published: July 2016

Geopoetics is concerned, fundamentally, with a relationship to the earth and with the opening of a world.

—Kenneth White,Geopoetics: Place, Culture, World(2004)

The thread that links these convergences is the question of landscape, the poetics and iconology of space and place, and all their relations to social and political life, to experience, to history.

—W. J. T. Mitchell, “Geopoetics: Space, Place, Landscape,” Introduction to a special issue ofCritical Inquiry(2000)

“Geopoetics” may be a novel concept for Russian studies, but the term is by no means new. The Scottish poet and critic Kenneth White coined it in 1978, inaugurating an international intellectual and creative movement of the same name that has gained particular momentum in the new millennium. Its urgency in a world that has grown exponentially more connected and networked yet, paradoxically, remains deeply bound to the “iconology of space and place” is evident from the way in which the cultural theorist W. J. T. Mitchell, in conversation with Edward Said and others in the symbolically freighted location of Birzeit University in the West Bank, recouped the term as the organizing principle of a special issue ofCritical Inquiryin 2000. If anything, geopoetics as an animating force as well an analytical framework for what Mitchell identifies as “social and political life,” “experience,” and “history” appears in even starker relief against the myriad transnational conflicts that define the globe in 2016 within which, in turn, the region we study has been rapidly redefining itself vis-à-vis the world.
A Genealogy of Kontrol’ in Russia: From Leninist to Neoliberal Governance
Authors: Owen Catherine
Published: July 2016

This article examines the emergence of the concept obshchestvennyi kontrol’ in Russian state discourse, the practices to which it has been attached and the legitimating narrative employed to justify them. It traces the concept of kontrol’ from Leninist conceptions olrabochyi kontrol’, through post-Stalinist discourses of narodnyi kontrol ‘, demonstrating that contemporary state-driven articulations of obshchestvennyi kontrol’ exhibit a substantial amount of continuity in the conceptualisation of the role of the citizen as assisting the state in its pre-determined goals. However, in contrast to rabochyi and narodnyi kontrol’, which were legitimated by various aspects of Marxist-Leninist theory, contemporary mechanisms of obshchestvennyi kontrol’ are accompanied by a rhetoric of increasing international competitiveness, thereby allowing the Kremlin to respond to international norms of a ‘small state’, outsourcing and civic participation.
Oxymetazoline Metered Dose Spray: Factors Affecting Delivery Volume
Authors: Hakim Mumin , Walia Hina , Rafiq Mahmood , Grannell Timothy , Cartabuke Richard S. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES: The current study compared the amount of oxymetazoline delivered by various anesthesia providers when holding the bottle in the upright and inverted position. Additionally, the amount delivered from a full bottle and a half-full bottle was also investigated.

METHODS: Using an analytical balance that was calibrated to zero, we evaluated the impact the position of the bottle and the volume of oxymetazoline in the bottle had on the amount being delivered by both anesthesia staff and trainees.

RESULTS: When using both filled and half-filled bottles, the amount delivered increased significantly when comparing the upright versus inverted position. With a full bottle, the amount delivered when the bottle was inverted increased almost 10-fold from 62 ± 80 to 606 ± 366 μL (p < 0.0001). Similarly, even with a half-filled bottle, the amount delivered increased in the inverted positions from 41 ± 48 to 645 ± 393 μL. Regardless of the scenario, we also noted significant variation from provider to provider.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that several factors may affect the amount of oxymetazoline delivered for metered dose bottles. Given the potential for severe end-organ effects with excessive dosage, alternative means of delivery are needed for its perioperative use.
Use of Continuous Infusion Hydralazine in a Pediatric Patient on Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Dillman Nicholas O. , Anders Marc M. , Moffett Brady S.
Published: July 2016

Hydralazine is a direct peripheral arterial vasodilator used for acute hypertension. Usually administered as a bolus dose, continuous infusion has been described during pregnancy for preeclampsia and eclampsia and in limited reports in cardiac surgeries for afterload reduction. This case describes the use of continuous infusion hydralazine for afterload reduction in an infant receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) post–cardiac surgery. Postsurgery, the patient's mean arterial pressures (MAPs) could not be controlled despite escalating doses of vasodilatory medications including nitroprusside, nicardipine, and milrinone; hence, continuous infusion hydralazine was initiated. Although the initiation of a hydralazine infusion produced a decrease in MAP, the response was unsustainable. This case highlights an alternative method for managing systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output to allow for myocardial recovery after cardiac surgery and use of extracorporeal support. At the time of this writing, this is the first published case describing hydralazine administration via continuous infusion in pediatric patients. The use of continuous infusion hydralazine for afterload reduction provided a brief, non-sustained reduction in MAP in a post–cardiac surgery infant managed on ECMO support.
BENEFÍCIOS DA HIDROTERAPIA NOS PACIENTES PORTADORES DE SEQUELA DE ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Bezerra Maria Valdivia Andrade , Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro de , Câmara Teresa Maria da Silva , Sousa Cristiano Teles de , Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Bastos Vasco Pinheiro Diógenes
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Descrever os benefícios da hidroterapia para portadores de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) através das propriedades físicas da água reduzindo assim as sequelas deixadas por essa patologia. Metodologia: Pesquisa de caráter bibliográfica e descritiva com utilização de documentação indireta. Foi abordado sobre definição, fisiopatologia, epidemiologia, fatores de riscos, classificação e manifestações clínicas ocasionadas pelo o AVC e sobre a definição, propriedades físicas da água, benefícios, efeitos terapêuticos e fisiológicos, adequação da piscina, contraindicações para a entrada na piscina e a hidroterapia aplicada aos portadores de sequelas de AVC. Resultados: A hidroterapia é uma técnica nova e inovadora de tratamento, sendo cientificamente estudada em diversos tipos de tratamento, e que oferece benefícios que vão muito além da reabilitação física. Conclusão: A hidroterapia proporcionou uma melhora na qualidade e na perspectiva de vida destes pacientes. Proporcionando um retorno mais rápido para as suas atividades da vida diária, deixando-os mais independente possível.Descritores: Acidente Vascular Cerebral; Hidroterapia; Modalidades de Fisioterapia.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM CLÍNICA MÉDICO-CIRÚRGICA: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Sampaio Kamille Ribeiro , Carvalho Igho Leonardo do Nascimento , Pinto Antônio Germane Alves
Published: July 2016

Objetivou-se discutir a produção do conhecimento sobre a implementação da Sistematização da Assistência em Enfermagem (SAE) no contexto hospitalar da clínica médico-cirúrgica. Procedeu-se a busca nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e BDENF (Base de dados de Enfermagem), utilizaram-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs): Processos de Enfermagem e Cuidados de Enfermagem. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos primários e secundários, em português, dispo­níveis na íntegra, publicados entre 2010 e 2013. Como fatores limitantes à implementação da SAE encontraram-se: falta de conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre a SAE, ausência ou inadequação de instrumentos, déficit de recursos humanos, falta de interesse/compromisso da equipe de enfermagem. Conclui-se que deve haver estimulação institucional, através de medidas que subsidiem a implantação da metodologia, parceria com a equipe de enfermagem, proporcionando a melhoria da qualidade da assistência à sua clientela e a satisfação do quadro profissional.Descritores: Processos de Enfermagem; Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem.
MEIOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO PARA DENTES AVULSIONADOS - UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Flores Felipe Wehner , Flores Jorge Abel , Diesel Pâmela Gutheil , Bianchini Arthur Gindri , Bevilacqua Willian Borsoi
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar, através de uma revisão de literatura, o meio mais adequado para o armazenamento de dentes avulsionados. Esse meio deve preservar a vitalidade, aderência e a capacidade clonogênica das células do ligamento periodontal. Os meios selecionados para essa revisão de literatura foram: solução salina balanceada de Hank (HBSS), própolis, água de coco, leite, chá verde, água de torneira, clara de ovo, saliva, Gatorade, amora, ViaSpan. chá verde, água de coco, extrato de amora, própolis e clara de ovo apresentaram bons resultados nos estudos selecionados, porém necessitam mais estudos que comprovem sua eficácia. HBSS e ViaSpan tiveram os melhores resultados, apresentando grande potencial de manter as células do ligamento periodontal viáveis após a avulsão. O leite demonstrou resultados satisfatórios, boas propriedades, baixo custo e fácil disponibilidade à população, sendo este o meio ideal para armazenamento de dentes avulsionados, quando HBSS e ViaSpan forem indisponíveis.Descritores: Avulsão Dentária; Traumatismo Dentário; Acidentes
ESTIMATIVA POPULACIONAL CANINA EM CAMPANHAS ANTIRRÁBICAS
Authors: Rocha Silene Manrique , Neves Bidiah Mariano Da Costa , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: July 2016

Introdução: A raiva é uma doença infecciosa, que acomete todos os mamíferos, é causada por um vírus que atua no sistema nervoso e quase sempre é fatal. Os cães são animais importantes na epidemiologia da doença e sua vacinação é uma das estratégias de prevenção utilizadas pelos serviços de saúde. Objetivo:Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar a importância das estimativas populacionais caninas envolvidas nas ações de controle e prevenção da transmissão da raiva no ciclo urbano. Metodologia: Foi feita uma busca em bibliotecas virtuais, livros e informes técnicos com base nas palavras-chave: campanha de vacinação antirrábica, cobertura vacinal, estimativa canina, sistema de informação geográfica, controle e prevenção da raiva. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de novembro a janeiro de 2012 e a busca inclui trabalhos escritos em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados:Foram analisados 79 trabalhos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. Destes 91,1% (72/79) foram considerados relevantes para o estudo. Conclusão: Verificou-se que estratégias devem ser reavaliadas constantemente e implementadas nas políticas públicas de saúde, principalmente frente às situações que extrapolam as ações de controle de zoonoses que envolvam os cães domésticos. A inclusão da metodologia dos sistemas de informações geográficas aliadas a algoritmos de modelagem pode fornecer subsídios para o aprimoramento dos programas de controle da raiva.Descritores: Controle da Raiva; Vacinação Antirrábica; Cobertura Vacinal; Estimativa Canina; Dimensionamento da População Canina.
ANÁLISE DO CONCURSO PÚBLICO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE SELEÇÃO DE PESSOAL NO SETOR PÚBLICO: PERCEPÇÃO DE UM GRUPO DE SERVIDORES DE INSTITUIÇÕES FEDERAIS DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Macêdo Dartagnan Ferreirra de , Gomes Carolina Maria Ferreira , Costa Antonio Carlos Silva , Finger Andrew Beheregarai
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo analisou o concurso público como instrumento para o ingresso de pessoal no serviço público e as implicações existentes para a Administração Pública, destacando os aspectos positivos e negativos e a possibilidade de aperfeiçoamentos. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo teórico-empírico, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio da análise de um grupo de servidores públicos concursados de duas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior - IFES. Os dados coletados por grupo focal e entrevistas estruturadas foram transcritos e posteriormente interpretados mediante análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, observou-se que a estabilidade funcional dos servidores é percebida de formas diferenciadas pelos candidatos e pelas organizações e que os principais problemas são resultantes da falta de planejamento na elaboração dos editais, que não possuem vinculação direta com a atuação prática do servidor, da pouca variedade nas avaliações e da padronização excessiva dos certames. A principal conclusão do trabalho aponta que os concursos públicos tendem a selecionar os candidatos de acordo com a meritocracia e devem ser mantidos. Contudo, aprimoramentos são necessários, principalmente ampliando as fases dos processos seletivos públicos, visando selecionar os mais competentes candidatos para desempenharem com eficiência os serviços públicos.
PROCESSO DECISÓRIO EM SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO: UM LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NACIONAL
Authors: Visentini Monize Sâmara , Dill Rodrigo Prante , Dalcin Dionéia
Published: July 2016

Este estudo objetiva analisar comparativamente a produção científica nacional sobre processo decisório em Sistemas de Informação, por meio de artigos publicados nos anais do EnANPAD e EnADI, entre 1999 a 2014. Investigou-se 124 trabalhos analisando a relação entre estratégia metodológica, período de publicação e coautoria. Relativo às estratégias de pesquisa, classificou-se os trabalhos em quantitativos, qualitativos ou multimétodo. Percebeu-se no EnANPAD predominância dos estudos quantitativos; no EnADI de qualitativos. Referente às estratégias quantitativas, constatou-se a predominância de aplicação de uma única estratégia por artigo, sendo a estatística descritiva, a análise fatorial exploratória e a análise de confiabilidade as mais presentes. Ao decorrer do tempo, observa-se crescimento da aplicação das técnicas de análise multivariada de dados. No que concerne às estratégias qualitativas, constatou-se a predominância do estudo de caso, ensaio teórico e análise de conteúdo. Nos estudos multimétodo observou-se a utilização conjunta do estudo de caso aliado à estatística descritiva ou a técnicas de pesquisa operacional. Verificou-se tendências na publicação de artigos em coautoria, indicando que os pesquisadores percebem a importância do estabelecimento de parcerias acadêmicas para a evolução do campo.
Genetic dissection of the Transcription Factor code controlling serial specification of muscle identities in Drosophila
Authors: Dubois Laurence , Frendo Jean-Louis , Chanut-Delalande Hélène , Crozatier Michèle , Vincent Alain
Published: July 2016

Each Drosophila muscle is seeded by one Founder Cell issued from terminal division of a Progenitor Cell (PC). Muscle identity reflects the expression by each PC of a specific combination of identity Transcription Factors (iTFs). Sequential emergence of several PCs at the same position raised the question of how developmental time controlled muscle identity. Here, we identified roles of Anterior Open and ETS domain lacking in controlling PC birth time and Eyes absent, No Ocelli, and Sine oculis in specifying PC identity. The windows of transcription of these and other TFs in wild type and mutant embryos, revealed a cascade of regulation integrating time and space, feed-forward loops and use of alternative transcription start sites. These data provide a dynamic view of the transcriptional control of muscle identity in Drosophila and an extended framework for studying interactions between general myogenic factors and iTFs in evolutionary diversification of muscle shapes.
Monochromatic multicomponent fluorescence sedimentation velocity for the study of high-affinity protein interactions
Authors: Zhao Huaying , Fu Yan , Glasser Carla , Andrade Alba Eric J , Mayer Mark L , Patterson George , Schuck Peter
Published: July 2016

The dynamic assembly of multi-protein complexes underlies fundamental processes in cell biology. A mechanistic understanding of assemblies requires accurate measurement of their stoichiometry, affinity and cooperativity, and frequently consideration of multiple co-existing complexes. Sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation equipped with fluorescence detection (FDS-SV) allows the characterization of protein complexes free in solution with high size resolution, at concentrations in the nanomolar and picomolar range. Here, we extend the capabilities of FDS-SV with a single excitation wavelength from single-component to multi-component detection using photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (psFPs). We exploit their characteristic quantum yield of photo-switching to imprint spatio-temporal modulations onto the sedimentation signal that reveal different psFP-tagged protein components in the mixture. This novel approach facilitates studies of heterogeneous multi-protein complexes at orders of magnitude lower concentrations and for higher-affinity systems than previously possible. Using this technique we studied high-affinity interactions between the amino-terminal domains of GluA2 and GluA3 AMPA receptors.
Commercial fishing gear modifications to reduce interactions between Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and the southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) fishery in North Carolina (USA)
Authors: Levesque Juan C. , Hager Christian , Diaddorio Eric , Dickey R. Jason
Published: July 2016

Bycatch of protected species in commercial fishing operations is a primary concern to fishery managers because it threatens the conservation, protection, and recovery of fragile species, such as the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus). One potential solution to reduce the risk associated with commercial fishing operations is to design commercial fishing gear that is more selective in terms of interactions between Atlantic sturgeon and commercial fisheries. Given this conservation and management need, the overarching goal was to reduce Atlantic sturgeon fishery interactions and maintain southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) catch in North Carolina. The specific objectives of this study were to design and evaluate the effectiveness of a modified gillnet. Overall, the results proved that lowering the profile and amount of webbing had a beneficial impact at reducing Atlantic sturgeon incidental encounters and bycatch. The modified gillnet reduced bycatch and Atlantic sturgeon encounters by 39.6% and 60.9%, respectively. Our design entangled 51.6% fewer southern flounder, which corresponded to a 48.9% reduction in total weight; the modified gear entangled slightly larger southern flounder than the control gear. Our findings showed the number of Atlantic sturgeon encounters was positively associated with mean water depth, with more Atlantic sturgeon encountered in deeper (5.1–6.3 m) than shallower waters; 75% were encountered at depths between 4.6 and 6.1 m. Most southern flounder (n= 518, 39.7%) were taken at a water depth between 3.76 and 5.0 m. This observation suggests that southern flounder prefer slightly shallower waters than Atlantic sturgeon.
Proteomic indicators of oxidation and hydration state in colorectal cancer
Authors: Dick Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2016

New integrative approaches are needed to harness the potential of rapidly growing datasets of protein expression and microbial community composition in colorectal cancer. Chemical and thermodynamic models offer theoretical tools to describe populations of biomacromolecules and their relative potential for formation in different microenvironmental conditions. The average oxidation state of carbon (ZC) can be calculated as an elemental ratio from the chemical formulas of proteins, and water demand per residue (${\overline{n}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}$) is computed by writing the overall formation reactions of proteins from basis species. Using results reported in proteomic studies of clinical samples, many datasets exhibit higher meanZCor ${\overline{n}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}}$ of proteins in carcinoma or adenoma compared to normal tissue. In contrast, average protein compositions in bacterial genomes often have lowerZCfor bacteria enriched in fecal samples from cancer patients compared to healthy donors. In thermodynamic calculations, the potential for formation of the cancer-related proteins is energetically favored by changes in the chemical activity of H2O and fugacity of O2that reflect the compositional differences. The compositional analysis suggests that a systematic change in chemical composition is an essential feature of cancer proteomes, and the thermodynamic descriptions show that the observed proteomic transformations in host tissue could be promoted by relatively high microenvironmental oxidation and hydration states.
In situ detection of the chemistry of individual fog droplet residues in the Pearl River Delta region, China
Authors: Bi Xinhui , Lin Qinhao , Peng Long , Zhang Guohua , Wang Xinming , Brechtel Fred J. , Chen Duohong , Li Mei , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Zhou Zhen
Published: July 2016

We use a single‐particle aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a ground‐based counterflow virtual impactor to measure the chemical compositions of individual submicron fog droplet residues. This is the first report on single particle mass spectrometry measurements of fog droplet residual particles at ground level in an urban area. We show that most of the fog droplet residues were composed of elemental carbon (EC) (67.7%), followed by K‐rich (19.2%) and mineral dust/metal (12.3%) particles. The predominance of EC‐containing particles demonstrated that these particles could be effective fog nuclei and highlights the important influence of anthropogenic emissions on regional climate system. Compared with interstitial and ambient aerosols, nitrate was enhanced, sulfate was depressed, and ammonium‐ and organics‐containing particles were hardly found in the fog droplet residues during fog events, suggesting that dust and metal particles containing nitrate may be preferentially activated and that ammonium and organics may not play important roles in fog formation in Guangzhou. We also present direct observational evidence that trimethylamine and hydroxymethanesulfonate are not found within fog droplet residues, although we previously observed enhanced gas‐to‐particle partitioning of these compounds by fog processing. Additionally, higher fraction or intensities of [K]+, [Fe]+, and [SiO3]− were found in fog droplet residues than in ambient and interstitial particles.
Krypton‐xenon separation properties of SAPO‐34 zeolite materials and membranes
Authors: Hye Kwon Yeon , Kiang Christine , Benjamin Emily , Crawford Phillip , Nair Sankar , Bhave Ramesh
Published: July 2016

Separation of the radioisotope 85Kr from 136Xe is an important target during used nuclear fuel recycling. We report a detailed study on the Kr and Xe adsorption, diffusion, and membrane permeation properties of the silicoaluminophosphate zeolite SAPO‐34. Adsorption and diffusion measurements on SAPO‐34 crystals indicate their potential for use in Kr‐Xe separation membranes, but also highlight competing effects of adsorption and diffusion selectivity. SAPO‐34 membranes are synthesized on α−alumina disk and tubular substrates via steam assisted conversion seeding and hydrothermal growth, and are characterized in detail. Membrane transport measurements reveal that SAPO‐34 membranes can separate Kr from Xe by molecular sieving, with Kr permeabilities around 50 Barrer and mixture selectivity of 25–30 for Kr at ambient or slight sub‐ambient conditions. The membrane transport characteristics are modeled by the Maxwell‐Stefan equations, whose predictions are in very good agreement with experiment and confirm the minimal competing effects of adsorption and diffusion. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 761–769, 2017
Dry‐gel conversion synthesis of SAPO‐11 molecular sieves and their use in hydroisodewaxing of hydrocracking recycle oil
Authors: Song ChunMin , Yang Huidi , Wang Yanzhen , Feng Yi , Shi Xinying , Duan Hongling
Published: July 2016

Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO‐11) molecular sieves were synthesized by the dry‐gel conversion [i.e. steam‐assisted conversion and vapor‐phase transport (VPT)] method using di‐n‐propylamine as a structure‐directing agent. The influence of the bottom water content, the crystallization time, the drying time and the pH value was investigated. The properties of the as‐synthesized samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2‐adsorption and NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that the crystallization process of SAPO‐11 was closely related to the pH value and the drying time of the gel; the amount of water in the wet gel plays an important role for SAPO‐11 formation. It can be observed that when the crystal time is within 48 h, and the pH value of the gel is between 0 and 5, the longer the crystal time and the higher the pH value, the higher the crystallinity of the samples. The presence of NH4+ leads to the formation of an amorphous phase in the samples synthesized by the VPT method. Of these two methods, the steam‐assisted conversion method exhibits better Si incorporation into the AlPO4 framework than the VPT method. The results from hydroisodewaxing of hydrocracking recycle oil show that the Pt/SAPO‐11 catalysts synthesized by these methods possess high activity and selectivity of isomerization. The pour point of the lubricating base oils can be lowered to below −15 from 42 °C. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the thermal and mechanical behavior of PLA‐PET blends
Authors: McLauchlin Andrew R. , Ghita Oana R.
Published: July 2016

The increasing use of bio‐sourced and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in bottle packaging presents an increasing challenge to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling process. Despite advanced separation technologies to remove PLA from PET recyclate, PLA may still be found in rPET process streams. This study explores the effects of PLA on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of blends of PET containing 0.5–20% PLA produced by injection molding. SEM indicates an immiscible blend of the two polymers and TGA confirms the independent behavior of the two polymers under thermal degradation conditions. Temperature‐modulated DSC studies indicate that adding PLA to PET increases the rigid amorphous fraction of the PET moiety. Critical amounts of PLA induce stress oscillation behavior during mechanical testing. The mechanical behavior of the samples is explained by antagonistic interaction between increased rigid amorphous fraction and decreased fracture strength arising from an increased population of PLA microparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44147.
Glycerol as high‐permittivity liquid filler in dielectric silicone elastomers
Authors: Mazurek P. , Yu L. , Gerhard R. , Wirges W. , Skov A. L.
Published: July 2016

A recently reported novel class of elastomers was tested with respect to its dielectric properties. The new elastomer material is based on a commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) composition, which has been modified by embedding glycerol droplets into its matrix. The approach has two major advantages that make the material useful in a dielectric actuator. First, the glycerol droplets efficiently enhance the dielectric constant, which can reach astonishingly high values in the composite. Second, the liquid filler also acts as a softener that effectively decreases the elastic modulus of the composite. In combination with very low cost and easy preparation, the two property enhancements lead to an extremely attractive dielectric elastomer material. Experimental permittivity data are compared to various theoretical models that predict relative permittivity changes as a function of filler loading, and the applicability of the models is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44153.
Exaptive origins of regulated mRNA decay in eukaryotes
Authors: Hamid Fursham M. , Makeyev Eugene V.
Published: July 2016

Eukaryotic gene expression is extensively controlled at the level of mRNA stability and the mechanisms underlying this regulation are markedly different from their archaeal and bacterial counterparts. We propose that two such mechanisms, nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD) and motif‐specific transcript destabilization by CCCH‐type zinc finger RNA‐binding proteins, originated as a part of cellular defense against RNA pathogens. These branches of the mRNA turnover pathway might have been used by primeval eukaryotes alongside RNA interference to distinguish their own messages from those of RNA viruses and retrotransposable elements. We further hypothesize that the subsequent advent of “professional” innate and adaptive immunity systems allowed NMD and the motif‐triggered mechanisms to be efficiently repurposed for regulation of endogenous cellular transcripts. This scenario explains the rapid emergence of archetypical mRNA destabilization pathways in eukaryotes and argues that other aspects of post‐transcriptional gene regulation in this lineage might have been derived through a similar exaptation route.
Fitness implications of seasonal climate variation in Columbian ground squirrels
Authors: Dobson F. Stephen , Lane Jeffrey E. , Low Matthew , Murie Jan O.
Published: July 2016

The influence of climate change on the fitness of wild populations is often studied in the context of the spring onset of the reproductive season. This focus is relevant for climate influences on reproductive success, but neglects other fitness‐relevant periods (e.g., autumn preparation for overwintering). We examined variation in climate variables (temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and snowpack) across the full annual cycle of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) for 21 years. We investigated seasonal climate variables that were associated with fitness variables, climate variables that exhibited directional changes across the study period, and finally observed declines in fitness (−0.03 units/year; total decline = 37%) that were associated with directional changes in climate variables. Annual fitness of adult female ground squirrels was positively associated with spring temperature (r = 0.69) and early summer rainfall (r = 0.56) and negatively associated with spring snow conditions (r = −0.44 to −0.66). Across the 21 years, spring snowmelt has become significantly delayed (r = 0.48) and summer rainfall became significantly reduced (r = −0.53). Using a standardized partial regression model, we found that directional changes in the timing of spring snowmelt and early summer rainfall (i.e., progressively drier summers) had moderate influences on annual fitness, with the latter statistically significant (ρ = −0.314 and 0.437, respectively). The summer period corresponds to prehibernation fattening of young and adult ground squirrels. Had we focused on a single point in time (viz. the onset of the breeding season), we would have underestimated the influences of climate change on our population. Rather, we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the influences of climate change on individual fitness by investigating the full lifecycle.