bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China–India Relations: A Premature Strategic Competition between the Dragon and the Elephant
Authors: ZHANG JIADONG , SUN QIAN
Published: September 2019

The factors affecting the relationship between China and India can be divided into three categories: structural factors, hard factors, and soft factors. The structural factors are mainly geopolitical factors determined by national strength, geographical features and international status. Hard factors mainly include border conflicts, Tibetan issues, China–Pakistan relations and water disputes, which are difficult to solve and highly sensitive. Soft factors include a trade imbalance, visa issues, different notions of history, strategic differences, and the relationship between the two countries on the international stage. These three kinds of factors are differentiated. Their importance and influence on China–India relations are also changing. Geopolitical factors have begun to play more important role in the bilateral relationship of the two rising countries in the past few years, leading to their strategic competition. This competition has grown despite the fact that the two countries have not yet achieved a status as leaders of world politics. This premature strategic competition will hinder the development of the two countries and will make the “Asian century” hard to realize. For the security and interests of both nations and Asia as a whole, China and India must establish a more stable geopolitical relationship, promote bilateral cooperation in the field of hard and soft factors, and find opportunities for cooperation in new areas and spaces. Finally, China and India need to build a new type of power relations.
Enhanced electrical resistivity and mechanical properties in BCTZ-based composite ceramic
Authors: Yan Xiaodong , Zheng Mupeng , Zhu Mankang , Hou Yudong
Published: September 2019

Environmental and human health concerns about lead toxicity have prompted the development of lead-free piezoceramics. Among them, ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 (BCTZ) with excellent piezoelectric properties has the most potential and attracts extensive attention. However, lack of concern toward electrical resistivity and mechanical properties has greatly hindered its practical application. Here, we report the achievement of enhanced insulation characteristics (grain electrical resistivity increased by one order of magnitude) and superior mechanical properties (Vickers hardness value increased by 40%) in Al2O3-added BCTZ composite ceramics. Such improvement can be attributed to specific composite microstructure, where the nonferroelectric second phase dispersed in the grain interior and grain boundary of BCTZ matrix results in blocking effect on the electric current paths as well as propagation of microcracks. These findings will pave a new way for the practical application of BCTZ ceramics.
Extending Health Expectancy
Authors: Terry Sharrer G.
Published: September 2019

All health-related issues exist in a context of extending health expectancy. Behavioral risk factors, diagnostic ”omics,” disparities, insurance, tissue engineering, and climate can shorten life expectancy, but before that, health expectancy. Longer life can bring decades of disability; longer health can mean dying healthy after brief incapacity. Because health precedes other accomplishments, extending average health expectancy into the ninth decade during the [Formula: see text] century would have an impact comparable to doubling life expectancy in the [Formula: see text] century.
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with increased plasma K+concentration, intestinal K+losses, and attenuated urinary K+excretion: a study in rats and humans
Authors: Ydegaard Rikke , Svenningsen Per , Bistrup Claus , Andersen Rene Frydensbjerg , Stubbe Jane , Buhl Kristian Bergholt , Marcussen Niels , Hinrichs Gitte Rye , Iraqi Hiba , Zamani Reza , Dimke Henrik , Jensen Boye L.
Published: September 2019

The present study tested the hypotheses that nephrotic syndrome (NS) leads to renal K+loss because of augmented epithelial Na+channel (ENaC) activity followed by downregulation of renal K+secretory pathways by suppressed aldosterone. The hypotheses were addressed by determining K+balance and kidney abundance of K+and Na+transporter proteins in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced rat nephrosis. The effects of amiloride and angiotensin II type 1 receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists were tested. Glucocorticoid-dependent MR activation was tested by suppression of endogenous glucocorticoid with dexamethasone. Urine and plasma samples were obtained from pediatric patients with NS in acute and remission phases. PAN-induced nephrotic rats had ENaC-dependent Na+retention and displayed lower renal K+excretion but elevated intestinal K+secretion that resulted in less cumulated K+in NS. Aldosterone was suppressed at day 8. The NS-associated changes in intestinal, but not renal, K+handling responded to suppression of corticosterone, whereas angiotensin II type 1 receptor and MR blockers and amiloride had no effect on urine K+excretion during NS. In PAN-induced nephrosis, kidney protein abundance of the renal outer medullary K+channel and γ-ENaC were unchanged, whereas the Na+-Cl−cotransporter was suppressed and Na+-K+-ATPase increased. Pediatric patients with acute NS displayed suppressed urine Na+-to-K+ratios compared with remission and elevated plasma K+concentration, whereas fractional K+excretion did not differ. Acute NS is associated with less cumulated K+in a rat model, whereas patients with acute NS have elevated plasma K+and normal renal fractional K+excretion. In NS rats, K+balance is not coupled to ENaC activity but results from opposite changes in renal and fecal K+excretion with a contribution from corticosteroid MR-driven colonic secretion.
Free-Floating Scapular Spine: A Rare Shoulder Injury
Authors: Cabot John H. , Dang Khang H. , Dutta Anil K.
Published: September 2019

A specific treatment protocol for managing scapular spine fractures does not currently exist. The purpose of our report is to describe this type of injury and detail our treatment management in order to better elucidate this rare pathology. We present a case of a 26-year-old female with an acute scapular spine and base fracture after a motor vehicle collision. Successful treatment of an acute free-floating scapular spine fracture was achieved with open reduction and internal fixation utilizing an elbow plate. Since scapular spine fractures are an unfortunate, rare injury, it may impose difficult challenges to the treating surgeon. With our case report, we hope to contribute to the overall knowledge of scapular spine fractures and offer our experience with a successful and appropriate treatment option in our patient.
Toward the Optimization of (+)-[11C]PHNO Synthesis: Time Reduction and Process Validation
Authors: Pfaff Sarah , Philippe Cécile , Nics Lukas , Berroterán-Infante Neydher , Pallitsch Katharina , Rami-Mark Christina , Weidenauer Ana , Sauerzopf Ulrich , Willeit Matthäus , Mitterhauser Markus , Hacker Marcus , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pichler Verena
Published: September 2019

(+)-[11C]PHNO, a dopamine D2/3 receptor agonistic radiotracer, is applied for investigating the dopaminergic system via positron emission tomography (PET). An improved understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysfunctions in the dopamine system and the underlying mechanism is a necessity in order to promote the development of new potential therapeutic drugs. In contrast to other broadly applied 11C-radiopharmaceuticals, the production of this radiotracer requires a challenging four-step radiosynthesis involving harsh reaction conditions and reactants as well as an inert atmosphere. Consequently, the production is prone to errors and troubleshooting after failed radiosyntheses remains time consuming. Hence, we aimed to optimize the radiosynthesis of (+)-[11C]PHNO for achieving better activity yields without loss of product quality. Therefore, we synthesized (+)-[11C]PHNO and omitted all heating and cooling steps leading to higher activity yields. As a result, radiosynthesis fully conducted at room temperature led to a time-reduced production procedure that saves about 5 min, which is an appreciable decay-prevention of around 15% of the activity yield. Additionally, we established a troubleshooting protocol by investigating reaction intermediates, byproducts, and impurities. Indeed, partial runs enabled the assignment of byproducts to their associated error source. Finally, we were able to generate a decision tree facilitating error detection in (+)-[11C]PHNO radiosynthesis.
On the Symmetric Central Configurations for the Planar 1 + 4‐Body Problem
Authors: Deng Chunhua , Li Fengying , Zhang Shiqing
Published: September 2019

We study the planar symmetric central configurations of the 1 + 4‐body problem where the symmetry axis does not contain any infinitesimal masses. Under certain assumptions, we find analytically some central configurations for suitable positive masses and also get some numerical results of symmetric central configurations where infinitesimal masses are not necessarily equal.
The Notch Pathway Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression through Activation of Ephrin Reverse Signaling
Authors: Yu Ling , Xia Kezhou , Gao Tian , Chen Jingteng , Zhang Zhengpei , Sun Xiangran , Simões Bruno M. , Eyre Rachel , Fan Zhengfu , Guo Weichun , Clarke Robert B.
Published: September 2019

Despite significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease progression remain unclear. This work presents strong clinical and experimental evidence demonstrating that Notch signaling contributes to osteosarcoma progression. First, using a cohort of 12 patients, Notch genes were upregulated in tumors compared with adjacent normal tissue, and high tumor expression of Notch1 intercellular domain (NICD1) and the Notch target gene Hes1 correlated with poor chemotherapy response. Data mining of publicly available datasets confirmed that expression of Notch pathway genes is related to poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. On the basis of in vitro analysis, Notch signaling promoted osteosarcoma proliferation, enhanced chemoresistance, facilitated both migration and invasion, and upregulated stem cell–like characteristics. Xenograft models demonstrated that Notch signaling promotes primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis, and Notch inhibition is effective in reducing tumor size and preventing metastasis. Mechanistically, activated Notch signaling induces the expression of ephrinB1 and enhances the tumor-promoting ephrin reverse signaling. Overall, these findings provide functional evidence for Notch pathway genes as candidate biomarkers to predict prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma, and suggest a mechanistic rationale for the use of Notch inhibitors to treat osteosarcoma.

Implications:

The study provides preclinical evidence for Notch pathway as a molecular marker to predict osteosarcoma prognosis and as a therapeutic target against osteosarcoma. In addition, we identified a novel mechanism that ephrin reverse signaling acts as a key mediator of Notch pathway.
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais:
Authors: Yoshikawa Vania Nobuko , Esteves Gerleni Lopes , Duarte Marília Cristina
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo compõe parte do projeto da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atualmente, Bombacoideae é uma das nove subfamílias de Malvaceae sensu lato, cuja sinapomorfia é a presença de um tecido nectarífero situado internamente na base do cálice, nas pétalas ou até mesmo no androginóforo. A subfamília apresenta indivíduos em sua maioria arbóreos e é caracterizada pela presença de folhas compostas. Na área de estudo foram encontrados três gêneros (Ceiba, Eriotheca e Pseudobombax) e oito espécies (C. pubiflora, C. speciosa, E. candolleana, E. macrophylla, E. pubescens, P. campestre, P. longiflorum e Pseudobombax majus), diferenciados principalmente por caracteres florais (número de estames e se totalmente concrescidos ou não no tubo estaminal, tamanho e cor das pétalas), e quanto à presença de folíolos articulados ou inarticulados, sendo o gênero Eriotheca o mais representativo. Chaves de identificação em nível genérico e específico, bem como descrições detalhadas, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e lista de materiais examinados são apresentados.
New synonyms in Camellia (Theaceae): Camellia cucphuongensis, C. cylindracea and C. vidalii

Authors: ZHAO DONGWEI
Published: September 2019

Camellia cucphuongensis, C. cylindracea and C. vidalii are treated as heterotypic synonyms of C. flava, C. amplexicaulis and C. langbianensis, respectively.
PERSIANN-CNN: Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks–Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sadeghi Mojtaba , Asanjan Ata Akbari , Faridzad Mohammad , Nguyen Phu , Hsu Kuolin , Sorooshian Soroosh , Braithwaite Dan
Published: September 2019

Accurate and timely precipitation estimates are critical for monitoring and forecasting natural disasters such as floods. Despite having high-resolution satellite information, precipitation estimation from remotely sensed data still suffers from methodological limitations. State-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, renowned for their skill in learning accurate patterns within large and complex datasets, appear well suited to the task of precipitation estimation, given the ample amount of high-resolution satellite data. In this study, the effectiveness of applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) together with the infrared (IR) and water vapor (WV) channels from geostationary satellites for estimating precipitation rate is explored. The proposed model performances are evaluated during summer 2012 and 2013 over central CONUS at the spatial resolution of 0.08° and at an hourly time scale. Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN)–Cloud Classification System (CCS), which is an operational satellite-based product, and PERSIANN–Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (PERSIANN-SDAE) are employed as baseline models. Results demonstrate that the proposed model (PERSIANN-CNN) provides more accurate rainfall estimates compared to the baseline models at various temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, PERSIANN-CNN outperforms PERSIANN-CCS (and PERSIANN-SDAE) by 54% (and 23%) in the critical success index (CSI), demonstrating the detection skills of the model. Furthermore, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the rainfall estimates with respect to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Stage IV gauge–radar data, for PERSIANN-CNN was lower than that of PERSIANN-CCS (PERSIANN-SDAE) by 37% (14%), showing the estimation accuracy of the proposed model.
Small-Scale Dispersion in the Presence of Langmuir Circulation
Authors: Chang Henry , Huntley Helga S. , Kirwan A. D. , Carlson Daniel F. , Mensa Jean A. , Mehta Sanchit , Novelli Guillaume , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Pearson Brodie , Pearson Jenna , Harcourt Ramsey R. , Poje Andrew C.
Published: September 2019

We present an analysis of ocean surface dispersion characteristics, on 1–100-m scales, obtained by optically tracking a release of bamboo plates for 2 h in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Under sustained 5–6 m s−1 winds, energetic Langmuir cells are clearly delineated in the spatially dense plate observations. Within 10 min of release, the plates collect in windrows with 15-m spacing aligned with the wind. Windrow spacing grows, through windrow merger, to 40 m after 20 min and then expands at a slower rate to 50 m. The presence of Langmuir cells produces strong horizontal anisotropy and scale dependence in all surface dispersion statistics computed from the plate observations. Relative dispersion in the crosswind direction initially dominates but eventually saturates, while downwind dispersion exhibits continual growth consistent with contributions from both turbulent fluctuations and organized mean shear. Longitudinal velocity differences in the crosswind direction indicate mean convergence at scales below the Langmuir cell diameter and mean divergence at larger scales. Although the second-order structure function measured by contemporaneous GPS-tracked surface drifters drogued at ~0.5 m shows persistent r2/3 power law scaling down to 100–200-m separation scales, the second-order structure function for the very near surface plates observations has considerably higher energy and significantly shallower slope at scales below 100 m. This is consistent with contemporaneous data from undrogued surface drifters and previously published model results indicating shallowing spectra in the presence of direct wind-wave forcing mechanisms.
Olfactory Function in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Kaya Kerem Sami , Akpınar Meltem , Turk Bilge , Seyhun Nurullah , Cankaya Mahmut , Coskun Berna Uslu
Published: September 2019

Previous studies reported that positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment may improve olfaction function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through various mechanisms. Olfactory function before and after PAP treatment is understudied regarding patient group at issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of PAP to olfactory function in patients with OSA. The study was conducted on 26 patients with OSA (10 females and 16 males, mean age 50.1 [9.3] years) who scheduled for PAP treatment. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center odor test was performed before and 4 months after PAP treatment. Patients were grouped (normal, anosmia, mild hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, and severe hyposmia) with respect to olfactory function by measuring odor test parameters, including threshold determination and identification. The odor test average scores of the patients after 4-month PAP treatment compared to pretreatment scores were increased and the difference was statistically significant ( P = .002). In the apnea hypopnea index groups, statistically significant difference was found in the threshold and discrimination values regarding before PAP treatment ( P = .038, P = .022, respectively). This study revealed that improvement in olfactory thresholds in patients with OSA receiving PAP treatment seems to improve olfactory dysfunction. This provides minimization of OSA consequences, including progressive upper airway inflammation, cognitive impairment, and associated olfactory dysfunction. Resolving the associations between olfactory function and PAP treatment is an important area for future research.
Two Randomized Trials Demonstrate Lactic Acid Supplementation in Pet Food Inhibits Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Tooth Stain in Cats
Authors: Scherl Dale S. , Coffman Lori , Davidson Stephen , Stiers Cheryl
Published: September 2019

Background:

Dental concerns are some of the most common health problems affecting companion animals. A variety of foods, treats, and chews comprising different mechanical and chemical technologies have been investigated as a means of promoting oral health. Here, we investigate the chemical technology, lactic acid added to a commercially available food, for its ability to inhibit dental plaque, calculus, and tooth stain accumulation in cats.

Methods:

Two separate feeding trials assessed the utility of a nutritionally complete feline maintenance food supplemented with lactic acid to reduce oral substrate accumulation (dental plaque, calculus, and tooth stain) in cats. After a calibration study identified high and low dental plaque formers, 45 cats were randomized to 1 of 2 test groups (food with 1.2% lactic acid supplementation) or control (food without lactic acid supplementation) groups, stratified based on their calibration scores. Data were collected on a monthly basis for 3 months. The second study randomly assigned 24 cats to either the test or control groups for 1 year, with data collected at the 6- and 12-month time points.

Results:

In the 3-month study, reductions in dental plaque, calculus, and tooth stain accumulations were observed at the 2-month assessment in both test groups compared with control ( P < .05 for test group 2). The 1-year study showed that these reductions in oral substrate accumulation persisted through the 6- and 12-month time points ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Taken together, these studies demonstrate that lactic acid supplemented at 1.2% in a feline maintenance food significantly inhibits oral substrate accumulation.
The clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Indonesia: a cohort registry from an Indonesia-based tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Hamijoyo L , Candrianita S , Rahmadi A R , Dewi S , Darmawan G , Suryajaya B S , Rainy NR , Hidayat I I , Moenardi V N , Wachjudi R G
Published: September 2019

Introduction

To date, no national epidemiological data of systemic lupus erythematosus are available in Indonesia.

Objective

We aimed to demonstrate clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients of the Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, one of Indonesia's top tertiary-referral hospitals.

Method

We reviewed retrospective cohort data from the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry, which was created in January 2016. Initial retrospective data were collected from the medical records of systemic lupus erythematosus patients from 2008 to 2015 and enhanced the cohort data from January 2016 to December 2017. The records were analysed for age, sex, clinical manifestations, comorbidity, treatment and outcome.

Results

Of 813 patients, 95.6% were females. Mean age at diagnosis was 27.7 ± 9.4 years, with a mean disease duration of 76.5 ± 53.1 months. Major clinical manifestations were arthritis (75.5%) and malar rash (68.3%). The majority of patients received steroid treatment, beside chloroquine and azathioprine. In total, 93 patients (11.4%) developed tuberculosis, 522 patients (64.2%) had routine follow-up and 66 patients (8.1%) died. Infection was the most common cause of death (36.4%).

Conclusion

Arthritis and malar rash were the most commonly encountered clinical manifestations in the Hasan Sadikin Lupus Registry. Tuberculosis incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients was high, as was the mortality rate of lupus.
Fall detection for multiple pedestrians using a PCA approach to 3-D inclination
Authors: Wu Chien-Feng , Lin Shir-Kuan
Published: September 2019

Aging populations in developing countries have driven increased research interest in issues related to “eldercare,” with a particular focus on early fall detection. This article describes an approach to processing images captured using a depth camera to predict the probable inclination of an imminent fall by a pedestrian. First, the 3-D object reconstruction method is explained and realized. Then, the 3-D object inclination analysis is given. Experimental results show prediction rates achieved accuracy up to 98.11%, making this approach promising for use in applications in hospital and home environments in the near future.
Three-Dimensional Genome Organization and Virulence in Apicomplexan Parasites
Authors: Lenz Todd , Le Roch Karine G
Published: September 2019

Mounting evidence supports the idea that epigenetic, and the overall 3-dimensional (3D) architecture of the genome, plays an important role in gene expression for eukaryotic organisms. We recently used Hi-C methodologies to generate and compare the 3D genome of 7 different apicomplexan parasites, including several pathogenic and less pathogenic malaria parasites as well as related human parasites Babesia microti and Toxoplasma gondii. Our goal was to understand the possible relationship between genome organization, gene expression, and pathogenicity of these infectious agents. Collectively, our results demonstrate that spatial genome organization in most Plasmodium species is constrained by the colocalization of virulence genes that are unique in their effect on chromosome folding, indicating a link between genome organization and gene expression in more virulent pathogens.
Outcomes of stage I/II follicular lymphoma in the PET era: an international study from the Australian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Tobin Joshua W. D. , Rule Gabrielle , Colvin Katherine , Calvente Lourdes , Hodgson David , Bell Stephen , Dunduru Chengetai , Gallo James , Tsang Erica S. , Tan Xuan , Wong Jonathan , Pearce Jessica , Campbell Robert , Tneh Shao , Shorten Sophie , Ng Melissa , Cochrane Tara , Tam Constantine S. , Abro Emad , Hawkes Eliza , Hodges Georgina , Kansara Roopesh , Talaulikar Dipti , Gilbertson Michael , Johnston Anna M. , Savage Kerry J. , Villa Diego , Morris Kirk , Ratnasingam Sumi , Janowski Wojt , Kridel Robert , Cheah Chan Y. , MacManus Michael , Matigian Nicholas , Mollee Peter , Gandhi Maher K. , Hapgood Greg
Published: September 2019

Key Points

Practices in early-stage FL are variable and include radiation alone, systemic therapy, CMT, or observation. Each practice resulted in similar excellent outcomes; randomized trials are required to determine the optimal treatment.
miR-145 sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin through directly inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Tian-Liang , Li De-Ping , He Zhan-Feng , Zhao Song
Published: September 2019

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and is one of the most lethal malignancies. Cisplatin (DDP) is a key drug for ESCC treatment, but the presence of chemotherapy resistance limits the use of DDP. To enhance chemosensitivity to DDP is important for ESCC treatment.

Methods

qRT-PCR and Western blotting detected mRNA and protein expression in ESCC tissues and cells. Luciferase reporter assay assessed the interaction between miR-145 and AKT3. Cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation were investigated with flow cytometry and MTT assay, respectively. Nude mice xenograft model was established, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TUNEL assay were conducted to detect Ki-67 level and apoptosis in xenograft tumor.

Results

Down-regulated miR-145 and up-regulated AKT3 were observed in ESCC tissues and cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-145 negatively regulated AKT3 through binding to its 3′-UTR. Overexpression of miR-145 or knockdown of AKT3 promoted DDP-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced IC50 of DDP treatment, which was reversed by AKT3 overexpression. The expression level of MRP1, P-gp, CyclinD1, c-Myc and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were down-regulated, while pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated by miR-145. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-145 enhanced the DDP-induced tumor growth suppression in vivo.

Conclusion

miR-145 increased the sensitivity of ESCC to DDP, and facilitated DDP-induced apoptosis, cycle arrest by directly inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to decrease multidrug resistance-associated proteins MRP1 and P-gp expression. Improving the efficacy of DDP by boosting the miR-145 level provides a new strategy for treatment of ESCC.
Object colours, material properties and animal signals
Authors: Wilkins Lucas , Osorio Daniel
Published: September 2019

Humans and other animals often use colour to recognise objects regardless of their context - as a measure of material properties rather than of their contrast with a background. Most work on visual communication signals is however concerned with colour differences, typically scaled by just noticeable differences (JNDs). Here we move from the prevailing physiological framework to understand what a given colour or type of colour might tell an animal about an object? To this end we consider the properties of object colour solids, which represent the colour gamut of reflective materials for a given type of animal eye. The geometry of colour solids reveals general relationships between colours and object properties which can explain why certain colours are significant to animals, and hence evolve as signals. We define a measure of colour vividness, such that points on the surface are maximally vivid and the ‘grey’ centre is minimally vivid. We show that a vivid colour for one animal is likely to vivid for others, and highly vivid colours are less easily mimicked than less vivid colours. Further, vivid colours such as black, white, red, blue and light, and certain unsaturated shades are produced by pure or orderly materials. Such materials are created and maintained against entropic processes. Vivid colours are therefore indicative of ecological affordance or biological function, so that it is valuable to have low-level psychological biases towards these colours regardless of any specific significance they might have to the reciever.
Estudo comparativo da dispersão de nanotubos de carbono e sua adição em um cimento endodôntico à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol
Authors: Moreira Danna Mota , Candeiro George Táccio de Miranda , Girão Amanda Leal , Pereira Ricardo Gêneses Bastos , Florêncio Ana Trícia Soeiro
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a durabilidade da dispersão de nanotubos de carbono (NTC) em dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) com o intuito de analisar possíveis melhorias no módulo de elasticidade de um cimento endodôntico à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol. Métodos: após a dispersão dos NTC em SDS 2%, 25 μL da solução de NTC+SDS foi adicionada ao cimento Endométhasone N (EMTN). 10 corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados de acordo com os seguintes grupos e tempos após a dispersão (n=10): G1 (Controle): EMTN; G2: EMTN + (NTC+SDS) imediato; G3: EMTN + (NTC+SDS) 24 horas; G4: EMTN + (NTC+SDS) 7 dias e G5: EMTN + (NTC+SDS) 1 mês. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de flexão de 3-pontos para análise do módulo de elasticidade e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: não houve diferença significante entre o grupo controle (957,8 ±170 MPa) e o grupo imediato (952,6 ±93,5 MPa) (p>0,05). Já os grupos 24 horas (700,2 ±84,9 MPa)  e 7 dias (727,5 ±93 MPa) demonstraram diferença significante em relação ao grupo controle (p<0,05). O grupo 1 mês (545 ±165 MPa)  mostrou diferença significante em relação ao grupo controle e ao grupo Imediato (p<0,05). Conclusão: a incorporação de NTC ao cimento Endométhasone N não proporcionou melhorias no módulo de elasticidade quando da sua dispersão imediata ao uso. Entretanto, houve declínio do módulo de elasticidade quando do uso da solução de NTC dispersos em SDS 2% após o período de 24 horas, 7 dias e 1 mês.
Elevação da razão normalizada internacional por interação medicamentosa em paciente crítico de unidade de terapia intensiva: relato de caso
Authors: Lima Alisson Menezes Araujo , Veras Aline Maria Parente de Freitas , Pinheiro Natalha Nayane de Oliveira , Costa Jéssica Bezerra da , Santos Sandna Larissa Freitas dos , Lacerda Athila Wesley Lima
Published: September 2019

Relato de caso: o caso relatado apresenta uma paciente com uso de anticoagulantes e antimicrobianos que resultou na elevação dos valores do parâmetro de tempo de protombina e razão normalizada internacional, associados às condições hemodinâmicas. Conclusão: a interação medicamentosa foi identificada por um farmacêutico clínico e comunicada à equipe médica, que alterou a prescrição, observando-se melhora nos exames.
Farmacovigilância: terapia semi-intensiva da oncopediatria em um hospital filantrópico
Authors: Barbosa Khrisna Fiuza , Da Silva Júnior Geraldo Bezerra , Santos Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles , Bendicho Maria Teresita , Dos Santos Regina Maria da Hora , De Araújo Patrícia Lima , Xavier Rosa Malena Fagundes
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: analisar a utilização de medicamentos prescritos no setor de terapia semi-intensiva da oncopediatria em um hospital filantrópico, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento da farmacovigilância na prática farmacêutica. Métodos: foi realizada avaliação das prescrições médicas e pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados sobre medicamentos no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2016. As variáveis adotadas foram relacionadas às características sociodemográficas, clínicas, e os medicamentos prescritos foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC). Foram incluídas todas as prescrições oncológicas da unidade de terapia semi-intensiva, considerando a faixa etária de 0-18 anos, estratificada em 0-11 anos, 12-14 anos e 15-18 anos, no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2016, excluindo aquelas que não atendiam aos requisitos. Os dados foram compilados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes pertencia ao sexo masculino com prevalência na faixa etária entre 00-11 anos. A leucemia linfoide aguda foi o diagnóstico mais observado, e o desfecho de alta melhorada representou mais da metade da amostra. As classes terapêuticas mais prescritas corresponderam aos antineoplásicos, anti-infecciosos e aos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Conclusões: os resultados sugerem que o tratamento farmacológico, em unidade de terapia intensiva, envolve um grupo extenso de medicamentos, com predomínio de antineoplásicos, antibióticos e fármacos que atuam no SNC. É necessária atenção especial para a conduta terapêutica no atendimento à população pediátrica, visando minimizar, sobretudo, os eventos adversos inerentes ao tratamento oncológico.
Fatores associados ao uso do álcool entre homens autores de violência por parceiro íntimo no Ceará
Authors: Santos Marcos Silva dos , Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Mota Rosa Maria Salani , Souza Willian Menezes de , Sousa José Edir Paixão de , Cavalcante Francisco Wesley De Souza , Câmara Kaytianne Jennifer da Costa
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso de álcool entre homens autores de violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) no estado do Ceará. Métodos: estudo transversal-exploratório, com 152 homens em privação de liberdade por prática de VPI, sob custódia do Estado na Casa de Privação Provisória de Liberdade II. Dados coletados por questionário com quatro blocos: sócio demográfico, impulsividade (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) e histórico de violência. Os participantes foram categorizados em 0-10 para baixo risco; 11- 26 para risco moderado e > 27 para alto risco. Para análise, foi feita a correção de população finita. As associações em tabelas de contingência foram realizadas por meio do qui-quadrado de Pearson, cálculo da odds ratio e regressão logística com múltiplas variáveis independentes pelo IBM SPSS STATISTICS® 23.1. Resultados: a prevalência do uso de risco de álcool foi de XX%. Os fatores associados ao consumo de risco de álcool foram zona de nascimento (OR=6,52, P<0,001), uso de risco de tabaco (OR=7,94, P<0,001), autoafirmação de ciúmes (OR=2,66, P=0,017) e já ter sido casado/amasiado (OR=2,64, P<0,001). Conclusões: há elevada prevalência do uso de álcool entre os homens que perpetram VPI, tornando-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novos estudos e a criação de políticas públicas que influenciem na redução do consumo de álcool.
Ρήγας και Rétif de la Bretonne. Συμπληρωματικά στοιχεία πάνω σε μια σχέση γνωστή
Authors: Κοντογιάννη Βασιλική
Published: September 2019

L’étude s’inscrit dans la suite des  travaux précédents qui ont abordé la question des rapports entre l’œuvre de Rhigas L’école des amants délicats, publiée en 1790, et l’original français que notre auteur   traduit ou plutôt adapte, c’est-à-dire  Les Contemporaines  de Rétif de la Bretonne, dont la première série a été publiée en 1780. Le but de ce travail est de répondre à un nombre limité d’interrogations complémentaires concernant cette même recherche.Situer  Les Contemporaines dans le contexte de la nouvelle française, permet d’apercevoir l’évolution du genre ; cette dernière se reflète de manière significative même dans le livre de Rhigas. Situer  Les Contemporaines  dans la vie et la créativité de leur auteur, permet de saisir mieux les liens inhérents au choix opéré par Rhigas. Enfin situer  Rétif dans le cadre de l’écriture libertine du 18ème siècle, permet  de mesurer  les distances entre lui et les grands auteurs libertins, comme aussi les distances que Rhigas met entre son écriture et l’original.Si la première partie de l’étude  propose une approche contemporaine de l’auteur et de son travail, la deuxième partie tourne le regard vers les choix de Rhigas. Rétif adore et décrit les femmes de la ville de Paris, dans la décennie qui précède la composition ; comment Rhigas arrive-t-il à nous donner un recueil où nous apercevons tout d’abord le jeune homme en tant qu’héros central ?  Quelles opérations  conduisent à un tel glissement ? Que révèle le titre? Pourquoi les ‘amants délicats’ ? Ces questions  tentent de mettre au clair l’œuvre  de l’adaptation. Suivant librement  son modèle, pour le mettre décidément de côté parfois, Rhigas semble respecter  les attitudes de la société grecque pour ce qui est de l’amour et du mariage, tout en essayant d’y apporter quelques améliorations légères mais d’une influence capitale : malgré la différence de classe sociale  les héros des nouvelles de Rhigas réussissent (dans la plupart des cas) à atteindre le but, celui d’un mariage heureux. Placée dans le contexte des Lumières grecques cette littérature annonce une ère d’optimisme, celle  qui précède l’époque romantique.VASSILIKI KONTOGIANNI
Λογοκρισία και επανάσταση: Η φημολογούμενη έκδοση της Νέας Πολιτικής Διοικήσεως στη Λιψία
Authors: Χατζηπαναγιώτη-Sangmeister Ίλια
Published: September 2019

Based on unknown documents from German archives, this article details a significant case of prohibitive censorship of a modern greek book during the age of Enlightenment.  As the unpublished sources show, the secretary of the Prince of Valachia filed in May 1798, some months after the arrest of Rigas Velestinlis, an official accusation against the Greek merchants in Leipzig for having printed a second edition of Nea Politike Dioikesis – the revolutionary manifest of Rigas. The subsequent investigations ordered and conducted by the saxonian authorities prooved that this accusation was unjustified: Neither the Nea Politike Dioikesis nor any other Greek political text were printed in 1798 in Leipzig. The German documents dissolved the bibliographical phantom of a second edition and allow us to examine the combined intervention: the joined forces of ottoman elites and western-european authorities aimed to prevent the publication and circulation of Greek books with contents considered to be subversive.
Συμπληρωματικά για τον Νικόλαο Καρατζά και τη βιβλιοθήκη του
Authors: Κουτζακιώτης Γιώργος
Published: September 2019

No abstract
Rethinking heritability
Authors: Gamma Alex , Liebrenz Michael
Published: September 2019

Two markedly different concepts of heritability co-exist in the social and life sciences. Behavioral genetics has popularized a highly technical, quantitative concept: heritability as the proportion of genetic variance relative to the total phenotypic variance of a trait in a population. At the same time, a more common biological notion simply refers to the transmission of phenotypic traits across generations via the transmission of genes. It is argued here that the behavioral-genetic concept is of little use overall, while the common biological concept is overly narrow and implies a false view of the significance of genes in development. By appropriately expanding heritability into a general causal concept based on its role in evolution, we will arrive at a new view of development, heritability, and evolution that recognizes the importance of non-genetic inheritance and the causal parity of all determinants of phenotypic traits.
The feasibility of implementing an exercise programme for deconditioned cancer survivors in a national cancer centre: FIXCAS Study
Authors: Devenney Kate , Murphy Niamh , Ryan Ronan , Grant Clíona , Kennedy John , Manecksha Rustom P. , Sheils Orla , McNeely Margaret L. , Hussey Juliette , Sheill Grainne
Published: September 2019

Introduction: As both the number of cancer survivors and the length of survival time are increasing, long-term health issues related to cancer and its treatment are becoming more prevalent. Research suggests that exercise can mitigate several negative health consequences in cancer survivors and improve physical function and quality of life. Multi-modal exercise interventions have been proposed as a cornerstone for survivorship care. However, studies evaluating exercise programmes within the Irish population are lacking.

Purpose: To evaluate the introduction, implementation and acceptability of a multi-modal exercise rehabilitation programme for deconditioned cancer survivors in a real-world, standard practice setting.

Methods and analysis: In this single-arm prospective feasibility study, cancer survivors (n=40) will undergo a 10-week multi-modal exercise programme. The study population will comprise of cancer survivors attending outpatient services in an Irish national cancer centre. Participants will be aged 18 or older and have completed treatment with curative intent. Feasibility will be evaluated in terms of recruitment, adherence and compliance to the programme. Secondary outcomes will examine physical function and quality of life measures. In addition, the acceptability of the programme will be assessed through patient feedback.

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval through the St. James’s Hospital and Tallaght University Hospital Research and Ethics Committee is currently pending. The study results will be used to optimise the intervention content and may serve as the foundation for a larger definitive trial. Results will be disseminated through peer-review journals, congresses and relevant clinical groups. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04026659 (19/07/19)
Performance of Lipoarabinomannan Assay using Cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis among HIV patients
Authors: Kwizera Richard , Cresswell Fiona V. , Mugumya Gerald , Okirwoth Micheal , Kagimu Enock , Bangdiwala Ananta S. , Williams Darlisha A. , Rhein Joshua , Boulware David R. , Meya David B.
Published: September 2019

Background: The diagnostic utility of the Mycobacteria tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (TB-LAM) antigen lateral flow assay on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has not been extensively studied and the few published studies have conflicting results.

Methods: Lumbar CSF from 59 HIV-positive patients with suspected TBM was tested with TB-LAM and Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra. The diagnostic performance of CSF TB-LAM was compared to positive CSF Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra (definite TBM) and a composite reference of probable or definite TBM according to the uniform case definition. 

Results: Of 59 subjects, 12 (20%) had definite TBM and five (9%) had probable TBM. With reference to definite TBM, CSF TB-LAM assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 33% and specificity of 96%. When compared to a composite reference of definite or probable TBM, the sensitivity was 24% and specificity was 95%. There were two false positive tests with TB-LAM (3+ grade). In-hospital mortality in CSF TB-LAM positive patients was 17% compared to 0% in those with definite TBM by Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra but negative LAM.

Conclusions: Lumbar CSF TB-LAM has a poor performance in diagnosing TBM. Both urine TB-LAM and Xpert Ultra should be further investigated in the diagnosis of TBM.
Features of development of sustained fluxes of high-energy gamma-ray emission at different stages of solar flares
Authors: Минасянц Геннадий , Minasyants Gennady , Минасянц Тамара , Minasyants Tamara , Томозов Владимир , Tomozov Vladimir
Published: September 2019

We have studied properties of sustained gamma fluxes having quantum energies of >100 MeV at different stages of flares with 1-min temporal resolution (Fermi/LAT).

The most probable process of emergence of high-energy gamma-quanta during the impulsive phase of flares (6 events) has been confirmed. Acceleration of particles, produced by flare energy release (at dissipation of current sheet), occurs when they interact with a shock front of a coronal mass ejection (CME), which develops in the same active region at the same time. Nuclear interactions of accelerated protons (>500 MeV) with plasma ions lead further to the emergence of high-energy gamma-quanta. We have established that the interaction between a flare flux and a high-speed CME during the flare impulsive phase occurs within fairly limited periods — from 2 to 16 min. In the events considered, we have found a direct connection between maximum gamma flux F max (γ > 100 MeV) and CME velocity.

High maximum values of gamma fluxes are typical of the flare impulsive phase: 3.5·10⁻⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹ ≤ F max (γ > 100 MeV) ≤ 1.3·10⁻² cm⁻² s⁻¹. At the same time, the value F max (γ > 100 MeV) = 0.013 cm⁻²s⁻¹ was the highest for the events observed by Fermi/LAT from 2008 to 2017.

During the development of CMEs moving with a supersonic speed, shock waves are formed which are the major power source of accelerated particles during the main phase of gradual flares. In some cases, however, the impact of shock waves on particle acceleration is the greatest in the short impulsive phase.

To reveal parameters most effectively influencing the generation of high-energy gamma-ray emission, we have compared 17 flare events. The most significant parameter proved to be the time interval of joint action of flare process and CME shocks.

We have established that during simultaneous development of flare process and CME attendant on the flare, the most efficient particle acceleration occurs which gives rise to maximum fluxes of high-energy gamma-quanta.
Modulation of sporadic E layers by small-scale atmospheric waves in Earth’s high-latitude ionosphere
Authors: Губенко Владимир , Gubenko Vladimir , Кириллович Иван , Kirillovich Ivan
Published: September 2019

We have used radio occultation measurements of the satellite CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload) to examine sporadic E layers (altitudes 90–130 km) in Earth’s high-latitude ionosphere. We have developed a new method for determining characteristics of internal atmospheric waves based on the use of inclined sporadic E layers of Earth’s ionosphere as a detector. The method relies on the fact that an internal wave propagating through the initially horizontal sporadic E layer causes the plasma density gradient to rotate in the direction of the wave vector, which leads to the fact that the layer ionization plane is set parallel to the phase wave front. The developed method enables us to study the interrelations between small-scale internal waves and sporadic E layers in Earth’s ionosphere and significantly expands the capabilities of traditional radio occultation monitoring of the atmosphere. We have found that the internal atmospheric waves under study have periods from 35 to 46 min and vertical phase speeds from 1.2 to 2.0 m/s, which are in good agreement with the results of independent experiments and simulation data on sporadic E layers at a height of ~100 km in Earth’s polar cap.