bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Edwardsiella isolates from Taiwan indicates wide variation with a particular reference to Edwardsiella tarda and Edwardsiella anguillarum
Authors: Rahmawaty Atiek , Chen Mei‐Yun , Byadgi Omkar Vijay , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu
Published: August 2022

Edwardsiella spp. is a gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, intracellular bacteria threatening the aquaculture industry worldwide. Noticeably, E. tarda is now genotypically classified into three distinct groups (E. tarda, E. piscicida and E. anguillarum), but morphologically, it is unclear due to varying degrees of virulence in different fish hosts. Hence, to reclassify E. tarda, we investigated differences in genotypes, phenotypes and pathogenicity. We collected Edwardsiella isolates from five different counties of Taiwan between 2017 and 2021. At first, gyrB gene was amplified for a phylogenetic tree from 40 isolates from different fish and one reference isolate, BCRC10670, from the human. Thirty‐nine strains clustered into E. anguillarum, 1 strain into E. piscicida and 1 strain into E. tarda from human strain. Second, all isolates were characterized using various phenotypic (API 20E biochemical profiles) and genotypic (pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], and virulence‐related gene detection). SpeI digestion revealed 10 pulsotypes and I‐CeuI into 7 pulsotypes. Virulent genes (citC, gadB, katB, mukF and fimA) confirmed in 35, 31, 28, 37 and 38 isolates, respectively. Finally, in vivo challenge test in milkfish (Chanos chanos) indicated the highest mortality from E. anguillarum. Overall, results revealed unique features with Edwardsiella spp. genotypes and pathogenicity, which are relevant to the host and provide useful insights for future vaccine development.
Dermatologic facial applications of Morpheus8 fractional radiofrequency microneedling
Authors: Hendricks Aleksi J. , Farhang Sheila Z.
Published: August 2022

Dermatologic patients are expressing increasing interest in minimally invasive procedures to address a wide range of common concerns from skin laxity to acne and scarring. Fractional radiofrequency (RF) microneedling offers an effective method for addressing a variety of dermatologic conditions with reduced downtime compared with historically more invasive procedural approaches. This article aims to describe the technology utilized in fractional RF microneedling (Morpheus8, InMode Aesthetics) and its studied applications in dermatology for treatment of the face.
The impact of ageing simulation education on qualified acute care nurses' empathy towards older people: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Bowden Alera , Wilson Valerie , Traynor Victoria , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita)
Published: August 2022

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the influence of an ageing simulation intervention on qualified acute care nurses' empathy towards older people.

Background

Life expectancy is increasing globally with an increased incidence of older people accessing healthcare services. As such, it is essential for qualified nurses within hospital settings to connect with older people by establishing healthful relationships. Empathy is an essential component of healthful nurse‐patient relationships. Fortunately, empathy can be taught through education.

Design

A convergent mixed‐methods design was utilised.

Methods

Nurses (N = 95) undertook an 8‐hour ageing simulation intervention. Data were collected from April 2019 to May 2020 across three time points: before the intervention (T0); immediately after (T1) and at three months follow‐up (T2). A mix of convenience (intervention) and purposeful (follow‐up) sampling techniques were utilised. Quantitative data were collected via the Interpersonal Reactivity Index survey (n = 86) and analysed using repeat measures ANOVA to compare mean scores across time points. Qualitative data were collected via debriefing discussions (N = 95) and focus groups (n = 38), and analysed using a systematic thematic analysis method. Data convergence occurred during the interpretation phase. Study reported with the TREND checklist.

Results

Primarily, when quantitative and qualitative findings were merged they confirmed each others' empathy outcomes. Quantitative results showed a statistically significant increase in affective and cognitive empathy levels among nurses post‐intervention. Qualitative findings expanded on quantitative results and revealed an increase in nurses' affective, cognitive and behavioural empathy represented in themes ‘enhancing my empathy’, ‘impact of ageing’, ‘from self to others’ and ‘person‐centred moments’.

Conclusions

This study adds empirical evidence how a mixed‐methods design can be used to evaluate the influence of an ageing simulation intervention on nurses' empathy levels.

Relevance to clinical practice

Ageing simulation interventions are a suitable experiential educational approach to improve acute care nurses' affective, cognitive and behavioural empathy towards older people.
Military Adolescent Pandemic Study 2021: MAPS21
Authors: Thomas Jennifer S. , Trimillos Amanda , Allsbrook‐Huisman Stacy
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Military‐connected students move between 6 to 9 times throughout their K‐12 experience, creating unique challenges relating to integration, adaptation, identity development, and acceptance. However, when transitions occur during a global pandemic, isolation and disconnect with schools and the community create new challenges that impact health and well‐being. The MAPS21 study uncovers the lived experiences of military‐connected students who have experienced a transition during the pandemic and gives rise to the need for interdisciplinary care within the public‐school setting to promote mental health and academic support during and post‐pandemic transitions.

METHODS

Military adolescents and their parent(s) were interviewed and data were analyzed following an interpretive phenomenological process. A social‐ecological model served as the guide to understand the participants' experiences and to further inform future supportive measures.

RESULTS

Seven subthemes surface under Individual, Relationships, Community, and Society and Policy, the levels within the social‐ecological model. These subthemes included: anticipatory processes, control, growth and maturity, adapting views, isolation, school support, community support.

Conclusion

Military‐connected students may experience adverse outcomes relating to mental health and academic progression after experiencing a move during the pandemic. This study provides an avenue for teams of interdisciplinary professionals to collaborate within the public‐school setting to provide proactive support through engagement and policy development.
The Impact of Distance Education during the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Well‐Being of Czech and Polish Adolescents
Authors: Frömel Karel , Groffik Dorota , Valach Petr , ŠafáŘ Michal , MitáŠ Josef
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to identify the changes in the structure of weekly physical activity (PA) and well‐being among adolescent boys and girls between habitual education (HE) and distance education (DE) during the pandemic in secondary schools.

METHODS

The research was carried out in 12 Czech and 18 Polish schools during 2019 to 2020 academic session for HE and 2020 to 2021 academic session for DE. The research involved 723 girls and 626 boys aged 15 to 18 years. The structure of the weekly PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Long Form, while well‐being was assessed using the World Health Organization‐5 Well‐Being Index.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant decrease of PA among boys in school PA, transportation PA, recreation PA, vigorous PA, moderate PA, walking, and overall weekly PA during the DE resulting from the pandemic. In girls, during DE, a decrease was observed in school PA, vigorous PA, and overall PA. During DE, a high level of well‐being was reported by only 34.9% of girls (43.8% during HE) and 50% of boys (65.6% during HE).

CONCLUSIONS

The observed low PA and high incidence of depressive symptoms in adolescents in distance education during pandemic constraints are a challenge for schools to change in supporting physical activity, eliminating similar negative impacts on school life in the future.
Ownership and media slant: Evidence from Swedish newspapers
Authors: Garz Marcel , Rickardsson Jonna
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the role of media owners for the political bias of newspapers in Sweden, using an original dataset on outlets, consumer preferences, and ownership between January 2014 and April 2019. We construct an index of slant based on similarities in the language between newspapers and speeches given by members of parliament. Our results indicate that newspapers held by the same owner tend to offer the same mix of slant, rather than aligning their bias with consumer preferences in their area of circulation. Owners are even less inclined to differentiate the slant across outlets before elections, when the political returns to persuasion are high. We find no evidence that owners impose a one‐size‐fits‐all slant because product differentiation is too costly. In addition, we find suggestive evidence of owner‐independent bias induced by the writers of opinion articles. The Swedish context illustrates that supply‐driven slant cannot be ruled out in market‐based media systems if the ties between media and politics are strong.
Plants acclimate to Photosystem I photoinhibition by readjusting the photosynthetic machinery
Authors: Lempiäinen Tapio , Rintamäki Eevi , Aro Eva‐Mari , Tikkanen Mikko
Published: August 2022

Photosynthetic light reactions require strict regulation under dynamic environmental conditions. Still, depending on environmental constraints, photoinhibition of Photosystem (PSII) or PSI occurs frequently. Repair of photodamaged PSI, in sharp contrast to that of PSII, is extremely slow and leads to a functional imbalance between the photosystems. Slow PSI recovery prompted us to take advantage of the PSI‐specific photoinhibition treatment and investigate whether the imbalance between functional PSII and PSI leads to acclimation of photosynthesis to PSI‐limited conditions, either by short‐term or long‐term acclimation mechanisms as tested immediately after the photoinhibition treatment or after 24 h recovery in growth conditions, respectively. Short‐term acclimation mechanisms were induced directly upon inhibition, including thylakoid protein phosphorylation that redirects excitation energy to PSI as well as changes in the feedback regulation of photosynthesis, which relaxed photosynthetic control and excitation energy quenching. Longer‐term acclimation comprised reprogramming of the stromal redox system and an increase in ATP synthase and Cytochrome b6f abundance. Acclimation to PSI‐limited conditions restored the CO2 assimilation capacity of plants without major PSI repair. Response to PSI inhibition demonstrates that plants efficiently acclimate to changes occurring in the photosynthetic apparatus, which is likely a crucial component in plant acclimation to adverse environmental conditions.
Evaluation of the immunoregulatory effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs on inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in EAE model
Authors: Jafari Rad Mozhdeh , Navi Zahra , Heidari Amir Reza , Lavi Arab Fahimeh , Tabasi Nafiseh , Rastin Maryam , Khadem Rezaiyan Majid , Moghaddas Elham , Mahmoudi Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an appropriate model for the study of the immunologic and pathologic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS). According to the hygiene hypothesis, helminths can improve immunoregulation and have therapeutic effects on immune‐mediated diseases. In this study, we used Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Dicrocoeliidae, Platyhelminthes) eggs for the evaluation of their prophylactic and treatment effects on EAE disease. D. dendriticum eggs were extracted. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the specific antigen MOG35−55, and then the egg extracts were utilized for prophylaxis and/or treatment. Clinical symptoms and other relevant parameters were assessed daily. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐6, IL‐23 and IL‐17 were assessed with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique. Furthermore, secretion of TGF‐β and IL‐17 cytokines were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data indicated that clinical symptoms in prophylaxis and treatment groups were decreased significantly in comparison with the untreated control group (p < .001). Our results showed a significant decrease in IL‐17, as well as an increase in TGF‐β cytokine in the treatment group compared to the EAE control group (p < .01). Furthermore, in the prophylaxis and treatment groups, the mRNA expression of disease‐associated cytokines decreased and the mRNA expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines increased. In this study, the D. dendriticum egg ameliorates the clinical symptoms of the EAE model through the modulation of related cytokines of Th17 and Treg cells. Therefore, using this parasite egg could be a new treatment for MS.
Co‐expression networks of deacclimation‐impaired transcription factor mutants identified complex regulation of the cold stress release response
Authors: Vyse Kora , Fischer Axel , Zajancauskaite Greta , Erban Alexander , Kopka Joachim , Balazadeh Salma , Zuther Ellen
Published: August 2022

Plants adapt to cold, non‐freezing temperatures through cold acclimation and lose acquired freezing tolerance in warmer temperatures in a process called deacclimation. This work identified a hypoxia response during early deacclimation evidenced by increased ADH activity and upregulated gene expression of hypoxia markers. Mutants defective in hypoxia response and transcription factors transiently induced during deacclimation, hra1, lbd41, mbf1c, and jub1, revealed slower deacclimation rates. Comparative transcriptome (RNA‐Seq) and co‐expression analysis of Col‐0, mbf1c, and jub1 pointed to an involvement of genes encoding thermoswitches, cell wall remodelers, ABC‐transporters, and H+‐ATPases in regulating the deacclimation rate. In mbf1c and jub1, unique increases of stress‐responsive genes and genes involved in jasmonic acid regulation were detected and linked to freezing tolerance retention during deacclimation. Data of this study are in agreement with previous observations of hypoxic niches within the plants and connected effects on growth and development during deacclimation. Regulation of deacclimation was shown to be a complex process, finely tuned to achieve an optimal rate and onset of deacclimation in plants. Candidate genes for future targeted analyses of this regulation are also suggested.
Why is there a lack of evidence regarding errors and complications in periodontal and implant therapy?
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Zucchelli Giovanni
Published: August 2022

The occurrence of errors, complications, and adverse effects may occur as a consequence of single or multiple events related to the clinician and/or patient. Apparently, the amount of dental literature on these undesirable outcomes has not been as prolific as that obtained for conventional primary periodontal outcome measures. This review explores the potential reasons for the lack of studies reporting on errors and complications in periodontal and implant therapy, as well as other noteworthy methodological aspects, to enlighten their impact on the selection of the best (or most appropriate) “gold standard” periodontal/implant‐related treatment options, and on the overall decision‐making process. The following points were addressed: (a) the importance of reporting errors and complications in clinical research; (b) the adequate reporting of errors and complications in periodontology and dental implantology; and (c) efficacy trials vs effectiveness studies and their impact on the assessment and report of periodontal and implant treatment‐related risks and complications.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone as an endocrine biomarker of reproductive longevity and assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMH gene of Bos indicus breeds of cattle
Authors: Ramesha Kerekoppa P. , Jeyakumar Sakthivel , Mall Shweta , Vedamurthy Gowdar Veerappa , Kumaresan Arumugam , Devadasn Milton Joel , Kataktalware Mukund A. , Arul Dhayalan , Das Dayal Nitai , Manimaran Ayyasamy
Published: August 2022

Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily produced by follicular granulosa cells in women and cattle and is considered an endocrine biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve. The study examined how age and parity influence serum AMH concentration and investigated the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMH gene in Bos indicus breeds viz Malnad Gidda Amritmahal and Hallikar. All five exons of AMH gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction were subjected to sanger sequencing and identified important SNP and its effects. We observed a highly significant relationship between parity and AMH concentration in Amritmahal cattle, whereas Malnad Gidda and Hallikar breeds did not show a significant difference. We identified one SNP located in exon 5 (rs21402788) with base change A>G, a non‐synonymous mutation resulting in a change in amino acid Q>R and the protein product. It is concluded that AMH level could be considered as an indicator of the ovarian reserve and productive herd life (longevity) irrespective of age/parity, especially in B. indicus breeds of cattle.
Extracranial schwannoma of the maxillary nerve misdiagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia in an elderly patient with schizophrenia – A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Poorna T Anish , JR Lokesh , EK Joshna , John Bobby , S Neethu , S Shankar
Published: August 2022

The present paper discusses the diagnostic challenges we faced in a 60‐year‐old woman with a history of schizophrenia, presenting with left unilateral facial pain for the past three months. Based on the elaborate clinical examination and diagnostic nerve blocks, the patient was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and non‐surgical therapy commenced. Further investigations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed the presence of an extracranial schwannoma involving a branch of the maxillary nerve. The patient was symptomatically relieved after surgical excision of the benign tumor under general anesthesia. Hence, we emphasize the need for special care and attention in psychiatric patients presenting with orofacial pain.
Digicel! Topap long ples ia! An international telecommunications company making itself at home in the urban landscapes of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga
Authors: Willans Fiona , Gure Jim , Vaifale Tereise , Veikune ' Elenoa
Published: August 2022

Mobile phone usage has increased at an unprecedented rate across the Pacific over the past 10–15 years, radically transforming the way communication takes place. The catalyst for this transformation is generally attributed to the breakdown of monopolies previously held by national telecom corporations over their own domestic markets, and the entrance of one particular new provider, Digicel. This paper examines the strategies through which Digicel has managed to insert itself into the visual landscape of the urban spaces of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga. Through multimodal analysis of digital photographs from the landscapes of these countries' capital cities, the paper shows how the global company makes use of a range of techniques to establish its own place and identity as a local network. These techniques include the demonstration of largesse and dominance over competitors, slogans that stake a claim to belonging, and the use of local language terms and images that juxtapose the local with the global. Through these techniques, Digicel manages to position itself simultaneously as the provider both of fast and reliable global communication technologies and of a truly local, national service, while also radically transforming the physical spaces of our cities as it has made itself at home here.
Barriers and facilitators to education experienced by students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Egan Rylan , Wilson Rosemary , Robertson Madison , Scandiffio Jillian , Ross-White Amanda , Coderre-Ball Angela M.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This review sought to collect and synthesize studies that investigated the lived experience of barriers and facilitators to educational access and excellence for students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries.

Introduction:

Access to education in low- and middle-income African countries for students with disabilities is often inequitable. Although governments have developed policies and programs for student with disabilities, much of the literature guiding policy and program development has focused on the views of academics, parents, teachers, and political figures.

Inclusion criteria:

This systematic review considered studies that included participants who were students or trainees at the time of the study, have a disability, and were located in a low- and middle-income African country. The phenomena of interest were barriers and facilitators to educational success for students with disabilities. This review included qualitative, interpretive, and critical studies that drew on the experiences of students with disabilities.

Methods:

An initial search was conducted in CINAHL and MEDLINE, followed by development of a full search strategy that was used for AMED, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE, and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions, spanning from 1910–2021. Articles were limited to those published in English. The JBI approach was followed for study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessing confidence in the findings with ConQual.

Results:

Thirteen qualitative studies were included from seven African countries, and included primary, secondary and postsecondary students. The data were qualitatively synthesized into 64 findings, within six categories, which then formed two synthesized findings. The synthesized findings were: barriers and challenges to engaging in education, and supports for educational success.

Conclusions:

This review is a synthesis of the lived experiences of students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries to understand, in their own words, the challenges and supports they encounter during their educational journeys. Although many barriers and supports reported by students with disabilities and other stakeholders (eg, parents, teachers, administrators) are similar to those identified in this review, our findings identify that integrated research that includes students with disabilities will provide contextual and individual factors that are crucial for students to achieve equitable access to education.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42019137951
Adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions for diabetic conditions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pesonen Mari , Kankaanpää Eila , Jylhä Virpi
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses related to the pharmacological treatments of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

Introduction:

The inclusion of adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses is recognized in health technology assessments guidelines, but in practice, this is inconsistent. This inconsistency may affect the reliability of the evaluation and, therefore, indicate that the information provided for decision-making in health care is misleading. Reviewing if and how adverse drug events are incorporated in cost-effectiveness analyses is necessary to address this gap.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies including participants who are receiving pharmacological interventions for diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic macular edema will be considered for inclusion. We will include sources that focus on cost-effectiveness analyses using modeling framework, and are published in English between 2011 and the present. Other types of analyses and other types of conditions will be excluded.

Methods:

The information sources to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, the NHS Economic Evaluations Database, and the Health Technology Assessment Database. Studies in English will be considered for inclusion in the review. Potential sources will be assessed by 2 independent reviewers and imported into the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. A specific data extraction form will be used to extract and analyze the data. Results will be presented in tabular and graphic formats with a narrative summary, and will be discussed in the context of current literature and guidelines.
Sounds to Astound: An acoustics outreach show
Authors: Whiting Jennifer K. , Berardi Mark L. , Vaughn Aaron B. , Vongsawad Cameron T. , Neilsen Tracianne B. , Anderson Brian E. , Gee Kent L.
Published: August 2022

Sounds to Astound is an acoustics demonstration show, produced for the community twice yearly by the Brigham Young University Student Chapter of the Acoustical Society of America. The free, interactive demonstration show explores the science of sound for a target audience of fifth- to eighth-grade students. Introductory acoustics concepts, such as longitudinal wave motion, wave properties, propagation effects, and standing waves, are taught with live demonstrations, animations, and videos. The goal of this paper is to inspire and encourage readers in their outreach efforts by describing the purposes of Sounds to Astound and technical details of several entertaining and educational demonstrations. Lessons learned from a decade of these student-produced shows serve as an aid for future efforts and highlight the benefits of outreach efforts, particularly for the students involved.
CD9 mediates the uptake of extracellular vesicles from cancer-associated fibroblasts that promote pancreatic cancer cell aggressiveness
Authors: Nigri Jérémy , Leca Julie , Tubiana Sarah-Simha , Finetti Pascal , Guillaumond Fabienne , Martinez Sébastien , Lac Sophie , Iovanna Juan L. , Audebert Stéphane , Camoin Luc , Vasseur Sophie , Bertucci François , Tomasini Richard
Published: August 2022

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), signaling from stromal cells is implicated in metastatic progression. Tumor-stroma cross-talk is often mediated through extracellular vesicles (EVs). We previously reported that EVs derived from cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts (CAFs) that are abundant in annexin A6 (ANXA6
+
EVs) support tumor cell aggressiveness in PDAC. Here, we found that the cell surface glycoprotein and tetraspanin CD9 is a key component of CAF-derived ANXA6
+
EVs for mediating this cross-talk. CD9 was abundant on the surface of ANXA6
+
CAFs isolated from patient PDAC samples and from various mouse models of PDAC. CD9 colocalized with CAF markers in the tumor stroma, and CD9 abundance correlated with tumor stage. Blocking CD9 impaired the uptake of ANXA6
+
EVs into cultured PDAC cells. Signaling pathway arrays and further analyses revealed that the uptake of CD9
+
ANXA6
+
EVs induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity, cell migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Blocking either CD9 or p38 MAPK signaling impaired CD9
+
ANXA6
+
EV–induced cell migration and EMT in PDAC cells. Analysis of bioinformatic datasets indicated that CD9 abundance was an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Our findings suggest that CD9-mediated stromal cell signaling promotes PDAC progression.
Aspergillus fumigatus FhdA Transcription Factor Is Important for Mitochondrial Activity and Codon Usage Regulation during the Caspofungin Paradoxical Effect
Authors: Colabardini Ana Cristina , Van Rhijn Norman , LaBella Abigail L. , Valero Clara , Dineen Lauren , Rokas Antonis , Goldman Gustavo H.
Published: August 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus
is the main etiological agent of aspergillosis. The antifungal drug caspofungin (CSP) can be used against
A. fumigatus
, and CSP tolerance is observed.
Deep Population Genomics Reveals Systematic and Parallel Evolution at a Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Locus in
Xanthomonas
Pathogens That Infect Rice and Sugarcane
Authors: Singh Anu , Bansal Kanika , Kumar Sanjeet , Patil Prabhu B.
Published: August 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major microbe associated molecular pattern and hence a major immunomodulator. As a major and outer member component, it is expected that LPS is a frontline defense mechanism to deal with different host responses.
Regulation of HPV E7 Stability by E6-Associated Protein (E6AP)
Authors: Vats Arushi , Trejo-Cerro Oscar , Massimi Paola , Banks Lawrence
Published: August 2022

This is the first demonstration that E6AP can directly help stabilize the HPV E7 oncoprotein, in a manner similar to that observed with HPV E6. This redefines how E6 and E7 can cooperate and potentially modulate each other’s activity and further highlights the essential role played by E6AP in the viral life cycle and malignancy.
Preserved intercratonic lithosphere reveals Proterozoic assembly of Australia
Authors: Lu Yongjun , Wingate Michael T.D. , Smithies Robert H. , Gessner Klaus , Johnson Simon P. , Kemp Anthony I.S. , Kelsey David E. , Haines Peter W. , Martin David McB. , Martin Laure , Lindsay Mark
Published: August 2022

The Proterozoic assembly of Australia, the understanding of which is critical for reconstructing Proterozoic supercontinents, involved amalgamation of the West Australian (WAC), North Australian (NAC), and South Australian cratons (SAC). However, the basement between these Archean to early Proterozoic lithospheric blocks is mostly buried beneath younger basins; hence, its composition and age and the timing of Proterozoic assembly remain uncertain. In situ zircon U-Pb-O-Hf analyses of igneous rocks from drillholes that intersected basement beneath the northwestern Canning Basin reveal the presence of a substantial domain of juvenile Proterozoic lithosphere, the Percival Lakes province, between the WAC and NAC. Although isotopically distinct from the neighboring WAC and NAC, the Percival Lakes province is strikingly similar to other juvenile Proterozoic tectonic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC. Combining isotope and seismic data, we interpret the Percival Lakes province as part of an ~1700 × 400 km Proterozoic lithospheric domain that lacks evidence of Archean provenance but consists mainly of reworked remnants of Mesoproterozoic oceanic crust that survived WAC-NAC-SAC convergence. The apparent absence of Archean lithosphere between the cratons implies they never directly collided or that complete collision was prevented by impingement of three-dimensional promontories in the converging lithospheric blocks. Instead, the Percival Lakes province and other Proterozoic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC consist of oceanic lithosphere extracted from Earth's mantle in the Proterozoic. Our results imply that WAC-NAC convergence was younger than Columbia amalgamation at ca. 1.8 Ga and that Proterozoic Australia formed during the earliest phases of Rodinia assembly at ca. 1.3 Ga.
Supplemental Material: Transient fault creep on the Xidatan (Tibet) fault driven by viscoelastic relaxation following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake
Authors: Zhao Dezheng , Qu Chunyan , al. et
Published: August 2022

Supplemental details on data analysis, modeling methods, results, and interpretations, as well as supplemental figures and table. 
Reminder for the clinician: abdominal manifestations of type 1 neurofibromatosis are not so uncommon
Authors: Portale Giuseppe , Rulli Roberto , Spolverato Ylenia C , Mascellino Paolo
Published: August 2022

We describe the case of a woman in her 50s with abdominal pelvic masses suspected to be an ovarian lesion with metastases. At laparoscopy, it appeared as a possible abdominal location of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). A 50 cm of small bowel was resected to remove multiple nodular lesions. On histopathology, small bowel lesions (n=14) were all classified as GISTs. Clinicians should recognise and consider gastrointestinal manifestations of NF-1 in the diagnostic flow chart. Surgical treatment may resolve symptomatic cases and prevent local infiltration or malignant degeneration of abdominal neoplasms occurring in patients with NF-1.
Impact of aspiration catheter size on clinical outcomes in aspiration thrombectomy
Authors: Schartz Derrek , Ellens Nathaniel , Kohli Gurkirat Singh , Rahmani Redi , Akkipeddi Sajal Medha K , Colby Geoffrey P , Hui Ferdinand , Bhalla Tarun , Mattingly Thomas , Bender Matthew T
Published: August 2022

Background

Direct aspiration thrombectomy is a well-established method for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Yet, the influence of aspiration catheter internal diameter (ID) on aspiration thrombectomy efficacy is incompletely understood.

Methods

A systematic literature review and meta-regression analysis was completed to evaluate the impact of primary aspiration thrombectomy outcomes based on the ID of the aspiration catheter. Primary outcome measures were: final recanalization of modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) 2b-3 with aspiration only and with rescue modalities, first pass effect (FPE), need for rescue modalities, intracranial hemorrhagic complication rates, and functional outcomes of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2.

Results

30 studies were identified with 3228 patients. Meta-regression analysis revealed a significant association between increasing aspiration catheter ID and FPE (p=0.032), between ID and final recanalization with aspiration only (p=0.05), and between ID size and recanalization including cases with rescue modalities (p=0.002). Further, subgroup analysis indicated that catheters with an ID ≥0.064 inch had a lower rate of need for rescue than smaller catheters (p=0.013). Additionally, catheters with an ID ≥0.068 inch had a higher rate of intracranial bleeding complications (p=0.025). Lastly, no significant association was found in functional outcomes overall.

Conclusions

Larger aspiration catheters are associated with a higher rate of FPE, final recanalization with only an aspiration catheter, and in cases with rescue modalities, though with a higher rate of hemorrhagic complications. These findings confirm that aspiration catheter size functions as a variable in aspiration thrombectomy, which should be considered in future study and trial design.
Torque vectoring algorithm for distributed drive electric vehicle considering coordination of stability and economy
Authors: Chen Qiang , Li Yong , Zhang Taohua , Zhao Feng , Xu Xing
Published: August 2022

Working of in-wheel motors (IWMs) in high-efficiency areas and minimum tire slip should be considered when driving distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs). Therefore, a novel torque vectoring control algorithm is proposed to lower energy dissipation and ensure lateral stability, which consists of a linear quadratic regulator and a proportion integration control module in upper controller to calculate desired additional yaw moment and total driving torque, respectively, for following desired yaw rate, side slip angle, and longitudinal velocity. In addition, the stability objective function considering tire working load and the economic objective function considering working efficiency of IWMs and tire slip energy are established separately in lower controller. The fitness function of coordinating lateral stability and economy is obtained by phase plane method. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a superior initial population (SIP-PSO) is proposed to solve torque distribution coefficients for torque distribution of DDEVs. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test results under double lane change and snake lane change maneuvers on lower adhesion road indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively lower the energy loss of IWM working and tire slip while ensuring lateral stability under different working conditions.
Do the Einstein-matter field equations always predict the existence of light rings in black-hole spacetimes?
Authors: Hod Shahar
Published: August 2022

We are used to think of null circular geodesics as an integral part of black-hole spacetimes. In the present compact paper we reveal the physically interesting fact that, contrary to the general belief, the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations do not a priori guarantee the existence of external light rings in extremal black-hole spacetimes. This observation raises the intriguing possibility of having extremal black-hole spacetimes that possess no external light rings. We prove that these unique black holes, if exist, are characterized by non-positive tangential pressures on their surfaces.
Scattering of fermionic isodoublets on the sine-Gordon kink
Authors: Loginov A. Yu.
Published: August 2022

The scattering of Dirac fermions on the sine-Gordon kink is studied both analytically and numerically. To achieve invariance with respect to a discrete symmetry, the sine-Gordon model is treated as a nonlinear $$\sigma $$
σ
-model with a circular target space that interacts with fermionic isodublets through the Yukawa interaction. It is shown that the diagonal and antidiagonal parts of the fermionic wave function interact independently with the external field of the sine-Gordon kink. The wave functions of the fermionic scattering states are expressed in terms of the Heun functions. General expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients are derived, and their dependences on the fermion momentum and mass are studied numerically. The existence condition is found for two fermionic zero modes, and their analytical expressions are obtained. It is shown that the zero modes do not lead to fragmentation of the fermionic charge, but can lead to polarization of the fermionic vacuum. The scattering of the diagonal and antidiagonal fermionic states is found to be significantly different; this difference is shown to be due to the different dependences of the energy levels of these bound states on the fermion mass, and is in accordance with Levinson’s theorem.
About this title - The Geochemistry and Geophysics of the Antarctic Mantle
Authors: Martin A. P. , van der Wal W.
Published: August 2022

This Memoir is the first dedicated to the Antarctic mantle. It is a cross-disciplinary reference work combining geochemistry and geophysics to characterize Antarctic mantle properties. Through observations and modelling the mantle structures, compositions and dynamics are characterized at regional and continental scales by subject experts.

The Memoir reviews all known occurrences of sub-continental mantle xenoliths in igneous rocks. These studies are presented by region as southern or northern Victoria Land, Marie Byrd Land, the Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Islands. Sub-oceanic mantle in tectonically emplaced and abyssal settings is also considered where known. This is complemented by a continental-scale mantle xenolith overview, mantle characteristics from igneous rocks and a quantitative mantle fabric study. State-of-the-art, continental-scale geophysical overviews of the Antarctic mantle are presented by discipline as seismology, gravity and magnetics, magnetotellurics, rheology, glacial isostatic adjustment, mantle convection and palaeotopography. This Memoir will be the reference for all researchers interested in the Antarctic mantle and its role in dynamics that shape the Antarctic surface and ice sheets.
About this title - Recent Advances in Understanding Gold Deposits: from Orogeny to Alluvium
Authors: Torvela T. , Lambert-Smith J. S. , Chapman R. J.
Published: August 2022

Gold occurs in many settings, but the dynamic nature of Earth's crust means overlapping and overprinting deposit styles are common. Characterization of mineralization from an early stage becomes important, particularly where the mineralization is complex, in order to maximize exploration and project development success and mining productivity. Various techniques are used at different stages of a project to characterize gold deposits. This Special Publication offers a cross-section of some specific techniques used to investigate a variety of gold deposit types. The papers highlight both the breadth of the available techniques and their utility in deposit characterization, but also the many significant remaining questions and problems related to the exploration and research of gold deposits. Several papers include suggestions of avenues for fruitful further research, including a paper discussing a new approach to classifying orogenic gold deposits, and a paper describing archaeological applications of natural gold analyses.
About this title - Volcanic Island: from Hazard Assessment to Risk Mitigation
Authors: Marotta E. , D'Auria L. , Zaniboni F. , Nave R.
Published: August 2022

Volcanic islands have a highly characteristic geological context that poses specific issues related to the reconstruction of volcanic activity, hazard assessment, risk management, implementation of monitoring networks, and non-eruptive geohazards as landslides. This special publication intends to address these issues from a multidisciplinary point of view.
About this title - Ichnology in Shallow-marine and Transitional Environments
Authors: Cónsole-Gonella C. , de Valais S. , Díaz-Martínez I. , Citton P. , Verde M. , McIlroy D.
Published: August 2022

The ichnology of shallow-marine to transitional environments is a key field of study with respect to understanding the variability of environmental parameters from inshore marginal-marine settings to the offshore transition zone. Over the last decades ichnology has evolved from being a tool to determine bathymetry, becoming the standard palaeoenvironmental methodology by which trace fossils can be used to inform sedimentary facies models. In particular, the analysis of mixed assemblages of invertebrate and vertebrate trace fossils allows detailed palaeoenvironmental and facies analysis. This volume focuses on the ichnological record of shallow-marine to transitional environments through the geological record, in addition to modern ones through neoichnology.
About this title - Tectonic Development, Thermal History and Hydrocarbon Habitat Models of Transform Margins: their Differences from Rifted Margins
Authors: Nemčok M. , Doran H. , Doré A. G. , Ledvényiová L. , Rybár S.
Published: August 2022

Transform margins form a significant portion of Earth's continent–ocean transition and are integral to continental break-up, yet compared to other margins are poorly understood. This volume brings together new multidisciplinary research to document the structural, sedimentological and thermal evolution of transform margins, highlighting their relationship to continental structure, neighbouring oceanic segments, pull-apart basins and marginal plateaus. Special emphasis is given to the comparison of transform and rifted margins, and to the economic implications of transform margin structure and evolution.

Transform case studies include the Agulhas–Falkland transform, Coromandal transform (East India), Davie margin and Limpopo transform (East Africa), Guyana transform margin, Demerara transform margin (Suriname), Romanche and St Paul transforms (equatorial Africa), Sagaing transform (Andaman Sea) and Zenith–Wallaby–Perth transform (West Australia). The broad-scale interplay between transform and rifted margin segments in the North and Central Atlantic, and Caribbean, is also examined.
About this title - Seismic Geomorphology: Subsurface Analyses, Data Integration and Palaeoenvironment Reconstructions
Authors: Newton A. M. W. , Andresen K. J. , Blacker K. J. , Harding R. , Lebas E.
Published: August 2022

The spatial extent and quality of seismic and subsurface datasets have substantially improved in recent years due to traditional hydrocarbon activities and the emergence of green technologies like offshore wind. This Special Publication investigates the opportunities for (re)investigating past environments using seismic geomorphology and its integration with other datasets.
About this title - The Green Stone Age: Exploration and Exploitation of Minerals for Green Technologies
Authors: Smelror M. , Hanghøj K. , Schiellerup H.
Published: August 2022

Metals and minerals are essential for improving the quality of our lives, for new green energy technologies, and for a sustainable environment. This book addresses challenges in meeting the future demand for metals and minerals and presents results from ongoing research, surveying, exploration and exploitation of key minerals needed to supply the green and sustainable societies of the future.
2021-2022: A Year of New Initiatives for Reaching Out to Our Community
Authors: Conceição Simone
Published: August 2022

The highlight of this past year was new community initiatives. In this annual review of the magazine, the Editor in Chief details her accomplishments and goals.
Revitalizing Ethnographic Studies of Immigration and Crime
Authors: Zaatut Amarat , DiPietro Stephanie M.
Published: August 2022

Ethnographic studies of immigration and crime were prominent in the early decades of the twentieth century, yet contemporary scholarship has been dominated by quantitative approaches. In this review, we heed the call of those who have lamented the “collective amnesia” and “newness fetish” that characterize much of contemporary criminology and revisit classic ethnographies of immigration and crime, with an emphasis on the unique methodological contributions of this early work. Next, we synthesize the small but growing body of contemporary ethnographic research on immigration and crime, which includes the policing of immigrant communities in the age of “crimmigration;” the lived experiences inside contemporary deportation/detention regimes; the integration experiences of Muslims, a highly marginalized but understudied population; and immigrants’ unique vulnerabilities to and experiences of victimization, to illustrate the value of qualitative approaches for capturing the nuances of immigrants’ experiences in the new age of immigration.
Carjacking: Scope, Structure, Process, and Prevention
Authors: Jacobs Bruce A. , Cherbonneau Michael
Published: August 2022

Carjacking is a violent crime with a broad motivational landscape related to the unique opportunities that a motor vehicle, as the item targeted, makes available to offenders once it is stolen. Although carjacking is technically a form of robbery, carjacking is a hybrid offense because it draws from elements of both regular robbery and motor vehicle theft. Nuanced in its etiology and expression, carjacking boasts a structure and process that require offenders to navigate multiple challenges under considerable time pressure and uncertainty. The fact that carjacking is so often opportunistic yet simultaneously requires a fair amount of calculation makes the offense even more subtle in its complexity. The purpose of this review is to examine these nuances through the lens of official data and existing empirical research. Nascent but growing, this research provides insight into the scope of the problem, the method and manner of the crime's commission, and the challenges of curbing a clear urban menace.