bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction of the hypocholesterolemic peptide, LPYPR, to the major storage protein of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Upadhyay Shrawan Kumar , Torio Mary Ann Ona , Lacsamana Marivic S. , Diaz Maria Genaleen Q. , Angelia Mark Richard N. , Sucgang Ana Teresa B. , Uy L. Y. C.
Published: June 2022

The hypocholesterolemic peptide, LPYPR, was successfully introduced into the VR-1, VR-2, and VR-5 regions of the mung bean 8Sα globulin. The mutant protein (MP) has 96.69% structural homology and 97% sequence homology compared to the wild type (WT). Expression of the mutant protein in E. coli HMS174(DE3) was 40.66%, which was 144.42% higher than that of the WT. The WT protein and MP had MWs of about 48.4 and 48.7 kDa, respectively. These were purified using HIC and digested with trypsin. UPLC analysis of the tryptic digests of the MP revealed the successful release of the LPYPR peptide. Unlike the WT protein, cholesterol-binding capacity (mg/g sample) of the MP increased over time of tryptic digestion (average growth rate of 9.5% for crude MP and 12.5% for HIC-purified MP) for its undigested form (crude: 220.96 ± 8.65, purified: 214.71 ± 11.91), with maximum values of 380.76 ± 6.61 and 434.44 ± 10.88 were obtained for the 24-h digests of the crude and purified proteins, respectively. Similarly, the sodium taurocholate binding capacity (%) was also found to increase over time of tryptic digestion (average growth rate of 4% for crude MP and 5.67% for HIC-purified MP) for the tryptic digests of the MP. Minimum values for % bound sodium taurocholate was obtained with the undigested samples (crude: 46.71 ± 0.42, purified: 44.49 ± 0.13), while maximum values thereof were obtained with the 24-h digest samples (crude: 59.75 ± 0.30, purified 61.95 ± 0.51).
Study of the kinetic behaviour of non-enzymatic browning reaction between L-ascorbic acid and glycine by the excess concentration method
Authors: Yang Yan , Yu Ai Nong , Sun Bao Guo , Liu Yu Ping , Tian Hong Yu
Published: June 2022

The formation kinetics of browning products (BPs) derived from the self-degradation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and the reaction between AA and glycine (Gly) were investigated at pH 6.8 and various other parameters, such as temperature, time, and molar concentration ratio of AA/Gly. The temperature ranged from 110 to 150°C, the time ranged from 10 to 240 min, and the molar concentration ratios of AA to Gly were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The results suggested that the formation rate of BPs was promoted by increasing the temperature, prolonging the time, and augmenting the molar ratio of AA. Based on the assumption of a kinetic model and a possible reaction pathway, the formation rate of BPs followed a pseudo-first order, and the rate was primarily dependent on the consumption of AA. The formation activation energies (Ea) for the BPs were 60.76 and 70.16 kJ/mol with AA/Gly ratios of 4:1 and 1:4, respectively.
Identification of protease enzyme in salep orchid tubers, and investigation of the usability of the enzyme in casein and gluten hydrolysis
Authors: Yıldırım Çelik Safinur
Published: June 2022

In recent years, due to many diseases transmitted from animals to humans (coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome, mad cow, and bird and swine flu), consumers are concerned about the use of protease enzymes derived from animal sources in the production of food products. These concerns have increased the demand for protease enzymes of plant origin. The fact that very few of the protease enzymes used in the production of foodstuffs are produced from plant sources has led researchers to seek a new source of plant-based protease. In the present work, the protease enzyme was isolated from the tubers of the salep orchid (Dactylorhiza osmanica) by ammonium sulphate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography. The isolated protease had an optimal pH of 6.5 and an optimal temperature of 48°C. The Km value was 8.22 µM. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 31 kDa. The enzyme retained its 100% activity up to 21 h at 40°C. At 50°C, the enzyme maintained its 100% activity for up to 4 h. The isolated protease acquired from the salep orchid tubers hydrolysed α-, β-, and κ-casein, and formed new peptides larger than 15 kDa. The isolated enzyme is known to be effective in milk clotting, which is the first step of cheese making, and might also contribute to the production of cheese with specific flavours. However, the protease extracted from the salep orchid tubers cannot hydrolyse gluten at the same level.
Edible coating of chitosan ionically combined with κ-carrageenan maintains the bract and postharvest attributes of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus)
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hanh , Boonyaritthongchai Panida , Buanong Mantana , Supapvanich Suriyan , Wongs-Aree Chalermchai
Published: June 2022

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) has medicinal properties due to its rich antioxidant profile. Dragon fruit also has an attractive appearance of red peel and green bracts. However, shrivelling and weight loss, bract yellowing, and postharvest diseases are major challenges to the dragon fruit trade. The objective of the present work was, therefore, to formulate a coating composed of chitosan and κ-carrageenan for dragon fruits during storage at 10°C. The composite coating based on 1% chitosan (w/v) and 0.2% (w/v) κ-carrageenan with 0.75% (w/v) glycerol as a plasticiser effectively reduced the physiological weight loss and maintained the freshness of the dragon fruits, while increasing the phenolic content and maintaining the titratable acidity in the pulp. The composite coating delayed chlorophyll degradation by suppressing chlorophyllase and chlorophyll-degrading peroxidase, thereby maintaining the chlorophyll content (45.46 mg/100 g dry weight) and freshness of the bracts. However, the composite coating did not possess a strong effect on enhancing chitinase and β-1-3 glucanase activities of dragon fruits during storage and controlling disease symptoms.
Antifungal activity of a chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture on damage-causing strains isolated from postharvest oranges grown in Vietnam
Authors: Them Le Thi , Dung Nguyen Anh , Dien To Vu Thanh , Ngoc Le Si , Van Pham Thi Ha , Manh Tran Dinh
Published: June 2022

The identification and development of a biofilm that is highly efficacious against disease-causing microorganisms in postharvest fruits are pivotal in ensuring the stability and security of agricultural supply chains. The objectives of the present work were to assess the antifungal ability of a chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixture on postharvest oranges using the agar-well diffusion method, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the mixture. Four fungal species responsible for causing damage and rot in oranges were isolated from oranges namely Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus delemar, and Colletotrichum sp. Overall, the chitosan and PVA combination showed antifungal activity against the four strains, but the composition at which inhibition was maximised depended on the fungal species tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the chitosan/PVA mixture against the four isolated fungal strains was 1.15% chitosan + 0.39% PVA, 0.83% chitosan + 0.56% PVA, 1.1% chitosan + 0.37% PVA, and 0.41% chitosan + 0.41% PVA for Penicillium sp., A. niger, R. delemar, and Colletotrichum sp., respectively. These results are expected to aid in further developments on the management of postharvest spoilage during storage of fruits and vegetables.
Pimenta dioica: a review on its composition, phytochemistry, and applications in food technology
Authors: Jarquin-Enriquez Lorenzo , Ibarra-Torres Patricia , Jimenez-Islas Hugo , Flores-Martínez Norma
Published: June 2022

Recently, the utilisation of essential oils extracted from spices has been garnering interest due to their phytochemical constituents which could be extracted using various techniques. Studies have demonstrated antimicrobial activities from essential oils against foodborne pathogens, and thus, their application has been considered to be a possible preservative for foods. Pimenta dioica is a type of aromatic plant, and its essential oil is is rich in eugenol, a phenolic compound with wide antimicrobial spectrum. Other bioactive compounds in P. dioica extract include glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, and tannins. The incorporation of essential oils into food is limited because they have an intense aroma, and might affect consumer acceptance. Therefore, nanotechnology is applied as a tool to rectify this limitation, and it is now possible to apply essential oils in active packaging, or to encapsulate them in biodegradable materials or edible coatings with controlled release. However, there is little information on the interaction of nanoencapsulated bioactive composites, and thus, it is essential to assess the viability of biomaterials before their use. The objective of this work is to show the use of the essential oil of Pimenta dioica and its phytochemical composites in a general way for its potential application in food technology.
Quantitative and qualitative assessments of microbial contamination in some bottled and tap water, and their drug resistant pattern
Authors: Razzak S. B. A. , Sweety M. A. , Lubna M. A. , Akter T. , Ahmmed J. , Hossaini F. , Uddin S. H. M. , Roy T. S. , Acharjee Mrityunjoy
Published: June 2022

The present work focussed on the concerns of the existence of coliform, faecal coliform, and other pathogens in both tap water and commercially available bottled water, along with the drug resistant pattern of the isolates. The physico-chemical features of the bottled water samples were satisfactory, but most of the tap water exceeded the marginal limit. A total of 21 samples (10 of tap water and 11 of bottled water) were collected and processed for microbiological analysis. All the samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria up to 108 CFU/mL. Among the 21 samples, seven samples were found to be contaminated with E. coli up to 106 CFU/mL, and six samples had Klebsiella spp. up to 102 CFU/mL. Faecal contamination was totally absent in all bottled water, but present in four tap water samples. Fungi was found in six samples within the range of 102 to 103 CFU/mL. Surprisingly, Staphylococcus spp. were observed in all bottled water. Vibrio spp. were detected in three samples. An elevated number of faecal coliforms, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were estimated among the tap water samples up to 105 CFU/mL. The water samples, especially tap water, collected from the different areas were microbiologically unsafe, as few pathogenic microorganisms were found in several samples. This indicated as public health threat. Most of the isolates from both tap and bottled water samples were found to be resistant against more than one antibiotic tested, which is extremely alarming for the consumers. Very few antibiotics were found to be effective against the bacterial isolates.
Green tea and selenium-enriched green tea ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine signals in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Jia-Ying , Du Ya-Fang , Wang Zhang-Min , Li Jian-Xiang , Ou-Yang N. , Wang Yan , Yin Xue-Bin , Qin Li-Qiang
Published: June 2022

Green tea and selenium (Se) improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, studies on the effect of green tea and Se-enriched green tea on NAFLD are limited. C57BL/6 mice were divided into high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+regular green tea (T), and HFD+Se-enriched green tea (SeT) groups after 12 weeks of feeding with HFD. HFD feeding was continued, and the mice in the HFD+T and HFD+SeT groups drank corresponding tea solution for another 12 weeks. The control (CON) group was given normal diet. At the end of the experiment, serum, liver, fat, and intestinal tract were collected. Results showed that both tea interventions decreased body and fat weight. Histological analysis showed that both tea interventions alleviated steatosis, which is supported by the changes in lipid profiles and lipogenic pathways. Tea interventions significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels; and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde contents. HFD significantly increased total bile acid in the intestinal contents and liver, duodenal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level and tryptophan hydroxylase gene expression, and hepatic 5-HT, 5-HT receptor 2A, monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), and H2O2; all of them reversed by the tea interventions. Furthermore, the improved oxidative stress, inflammatory response, duodenal 5-HT, and hepatic MAO-A were more pronounced in the HFD+SeT group than in the HFD+T group. Our findings revealed that green tea ameliorates NAFLD through peripheral 5-HT signals in HFD fed mice.
Effect of quinoa seed and tiger nut mixture on quality characteristics of low-fat beef patties
Authors: Baioumy Ahmed Adel , Bobreneva Irina Vladimirovna , Tvorogova Antonina Anatolievna , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of a newly proposed mixture of quinoa seeds and tiger nuts (QTM) (1:1) on low-fat beef patties. The chemical composition, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant activity of QTM were determined. The chemical composition, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and sensory evaluation of low-fat beef patties prepared with 10% QTM as a partial fat replacer were also studied. Microbiological quality of frozen minced meat semi-finished products (burger patties, at -18°C) for 126 days was also determined. Based on the results, QTM contained 14.35% lipid, 9.37% protein, and 11.38% dietary fibre. Moreover, QTM also contained good amount of minerals and vitamins. The antioxidant activity of QTM was 20.41 mg/g. Results also showed that the addition of QTM had a positive effect on the sensorial quality of beef patties. Chemical composition, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and pH profiles of newly formulated burger patties significantly improved following the addition of 10% QTM as a partial fat replacer. During the storage of semi-finished products, thiobarbituric values showed that the newly formulated beef patties had a lower level of lipid oxidation as compared to control. With lower microbial loads and lipid oxidation, the shelf life of the newly formulated beef patties also significantly increased as compared to control. As the conclusion, QTM could be applied as a functional component in meat products.
Health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in common diseases
Authors: Jia Guo , Qiong Zou , Yonghua Wang
Published: June 2022

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids mostly exist in marine-derived foods, and have shown beneficial effects for hypertriglyceridemia, endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Studies suggest that n-3 PUFAs can regulate the activity of NF-κB, Nrf2, SREBP-1c, and PPARα, which are linked to inflammations, ROS homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Several epidemiological trials and physiological studies indicated protective effect of n-3 PUFAs against various common diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises the findings of many such studies highlighting the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs.
Different leaf maturities and withering durations affect the antioxidant potential and aroma compound of Indonesian bay leaf [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.]
Authors: Pratama Bima Putra , Supriyadi  , Swasono Respati Tri , Pranoto Yudi
Published: June 2022

Indonesian bay leaves [IBL; Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.] are frequently used as a seasoning in various Indonesian cuisines. The potential of IBL leaves extract as an antioxidant and aroma source based on the leaf maturities and withering durations is not yet known. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the effect of IBL leaf maturities and withering durations on the changes in antioxidant potentials and aroma compound. Results showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of old IBL leaves extract yielded the highest values (89.08 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, 37.11 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample, and 2.72 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g sample, respectively) as compared to half-old and young leaves extracts. Similarly, the antioxidant activities of old IBL leaves extract were also the highest at 77.06 mg TEAC/g sample (DPPH assay), 7.92 mg TEAC/g sample (FRAP assay), and 83.19 mg TEAC/g sample (ABTS assay) as compared to half-old and young leaves extracts. The yields of essential oil and total β-ocimene (key aroma compound) from old IBL leaves were also the highest as compared to half-old and young leaves. Nevertheless, all these parameters significantly decreased after two days of withering treatment. Therefore, in order to maximise the antioxidant capacity and aroma compound, it is henceforth suggested that IBL leaves should not be used more than two days after harvest.
Reliability and validity of knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception (KAP2) questionnaire on food poisoning and its prevention among consumers in Bangi and Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Mamot Masyita , Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Mohd Rani Mohd Dzulkhairi , Osman Malina , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Sekawi Zamberi , Awang Hamat Rukman
Published: June 2022

Most food poisoning outbreaks are caused by consumers’ poor knowledge, attitude, perception, and behaviour in relation to food safety. A valid and reliable tool is thus needed to measure these factors among the consumers. A total of 79 respondents participated in this pilot survey using convenient sampling, and participants self-completed the questionnaire given. Item analysis was conducted to determine the difficulty and discrimination indices of 40 items involved in knowledge construction. Construct validity and reliability were performed on 33 items which measured attitudes, preventive practices, and perceptions. Item analysis showed that more than 80% of respondents answered 19 items correctly. The discrimination index revealed that 16 items scored below 0.20. The Average Variance Extraction for all latent constructs, namely attitude, practice, and perception met acceptable threshold values of 0.527, 0.517, and 0.535, respectively. The Fornell-Larcker criterion suggested that three latent constructs were acceptable for discriminant validity. The internal consistency and reliability for all scaled items in each construct were good, with Cronbach’s alpha values of more than 0.7 (0.820, 0.809, and 0.799 for attitude, practice, and perception, respectively). In conclusion, the present work indicated that the knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception (KAP2) questionnaire used could be a valid and reliable measure to evaluate consumer’s knowledge, attitude, preventive practice, and perception on food poisoning.
Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of starches from different Taiwanese banana cultivars
Authors: Samanros Aoitip , Lin Jenshinn
Published: June 2022

The physicochemical and digestive properties of starches from Taiwanese bananas (Musa AAA Cavendish; Pei Chiao, Tai Chiao No. 5, Tai Chiao No. 7, and Musa ABB; Kluai Namwa) were studied. Relationships between properties and banana cultivars were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that the bananas had high starch (91.11 - 96.24%; dry basis), and low protein (0.16 - 0.31%), fat (not detected), and ash (0.25 - 0.35%) contents. Amylose contents, gelatinisation transition temperature, and gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔH) varied from 25.89 to 33.48%, 63.89 to 86.83°C, and 9.8 to 12.3 J/g, respectively. Banana starch pastes exhibited high peak viscosity (357.92 - 477.69 RVU), low breakdown viscosity (88.69 - 194.31 RVU), and low setback viscosity (37.67 - 147.08 RVU). Swelling power and solubility of all four banana cultivars rapidly increased at 75°C with highest swelling power (21.40 - 33.99 g water/g starch) and solubility (22.92 - 38.62%) values observed at 95°C. In vitro digestibility tests of raw banana starches showed 74.09 to 85.88% resistant starch (RS). Kluai Namwa had the highest RS content. After cooking, RS converted to rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and slowly digestible starch (SDS). RS and SDS remained in cooked bananas with lowest and highest combined values being observed in cooked Tai Chiao No. 5 and Kluai Namwa starch, respectively. Combined SDS and RS of the four studied banana cultivars ranged from 24.53 to 46.94%. Relationships of various properties evaluated by PCA showed that the first two components described 88.2% of the total variance.
The subacute toxicity effects of aged Tualang (Koompassia excelsa) honey with high 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content in rats
Authors: Sabireen Siti Nurfarhana , Sulaiman Siti Amrah , Mohd Fuad Wan Ezumi
Published: June 2022

Tualang honey (TH) stored for more than 12 months is characterised as aged TH (ATH). Surprisingly, majority of the general public is unaware of the recommended consumption period for honey, since most honeys marketed locally have no determined expiry dates. The present work determined 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in four-year stored ATH, and evaluated the effects of ATH upon repeated dose during 28-day oral toxicity study. The HMF concentration in ATH was determined using HPLC. Animal toxicity study was conducted by treating Sprague Dawley rats with distilled water (control), 200, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg/day ATH, or 2,000 mg/kg/day fresh TH for 28 days. The HMF concentrations were significantly high, exceeding the international maximum limit set for tropical honey (> 80 mg/kg). ATH did not affect the general conditions and behaviour of the rats. Nevertheless, female rats exhibited significant increase in creatinine and oestradiol levels when treated with 1,000 mg/kg/day ATH. The left kidney’s weight of those treated with 200 mg/kg/day ATH also significantly decreased. Further, histological findings revealed that there were reductions in the Bowman’s space and poorly defined glomerular boundary in female rats treated with 1,000 mg/kg ATH. In contrast, all parameters in male rats were statistically unaffected by ATH. The present work suggested that ATH with remarkably higher HMF concentrations modified the kidneys of female rats but not those of the male rats, which indicated sex-based variation. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was 2,000 mg/kg/day for male rats, and less than 200 mg/kg/day for female rats.
Aflatoxin M1 reduction by microorganisms isolated from kefir grains
Authors: Adriansyah Putri Nabila Adinda , Rahayu Winiati Pudji , Kusumaningrum Harsi Dewantari , Kawamura Osamu
Published: June 2022

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin that often contaminates milk. Like other mycotoxins, it is thermostable and potentially carcinogenic. The present work was carried out to evaluate the ability of microorganisms isolated from Indonesian kefir grains to reduce AFM1 in contaminated phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Fourteen isolates of lactic acid bacteria, both aerobic (LAE) and anaerobic (LAN), and nine isolates of yeast (YEA) were used. The significantly highest AFM1 reduction percentage was shown by the isolate LAE7 (29.3 ± 0.6%) after 4 h incubation. DNA sequencing of LAE7 and YEA2 isolates showed that these isolates had homology (level of similarity) with species of Lactobacillus kefiri strain A/K and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-12632, respectively. The present work proved that isolates from Indonesian kefir grains could reduce AFM1 and have the potential for practical use.
Multivariate analysis on the relationship between radical scavenging activities and phenolic compounds of baijiu and its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells
Authors: Hong Jiaxin , Chen Lu , Zhao Dongrui , Sun Jinyuan
Published: June 2022

In previous studies, three phenolic compounds (vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol) were identified in baijiu, and confirmed to possess antioxidant activity in vitro. However, the distribution of phenolic compounds in baijiu, and their associations with the functionality of this regimen have not been previously reported. In the present work, the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effect of baijiu were evaluated by DPPH•, ABTS•+, ELISA, and real-time PCR assays. The concentrations of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol (bioactive phenolic compounds) in 103 baijiu samples were confirmed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Baijiu exhibited DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities, which positively correlated with the concentrations of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol. Moreover, ELISA and real-time PCR assays demonstrated that baijiu could relieve inflammation caused by LPS through the inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 expressions, induction of Nrf2 expression, and repression of inflammatory cytokine secretion. These findings lay the foundation for further investigation on the health benefits of baijiu and its bioactive components by animal and human studies.
Quality attributes of nance (Byrsonima crassifolia) fruits as affected by storage temperature and maturity at harvest
Authors: Rivera-Correa Karen Andrea , Valle-Guadarrama Salvador , Alia-Tejacal Iran , Arévalo-Galarza María de Lourdes , Pérez-López Artemio , Guerra-Ramírez Diana
Published: June 2022

Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia) fruit is harvested when natural abscission from the plant occurs. At this stage, the shelf life is less than 5 d in ambient conditions. The aim of the present work was thus to determine how quality attributes of nance fruits are modified as a function of ripening on the tree, physiological condition at harvest, and storage temperature. Fruits at three maturity stages (green, transient, and yellow) were harvested and stored at 15 and 25°C. As fruits ripened, the hue angle turned to yellow, and lightness and chroma increased, but carotenoid content decreased. The contents of total soluble solids, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased; however, the total soluble phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity decreased. It was possible to harvest at a physiological stage previous to abscission maturity even though a non-climacteric pattern was identified. Handling of transient nance fruits at 15°C extended shelf life for more than 15 d, with adequate physical and compositional attributes including high concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Content of total soluble solids was identified as an attribute suitable for developing a harvest index for nance fruits.
Research progress of biogenic amines in fermented sausages: A review
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Kunyi , Zhang Jinghui , An Jiangshan , Zhang Chen , Chen Tao
Published: June 2022

Biogenic amines (BAs) widely exist in fermented sausages, and high concentrations of BAs are harmful to human health. Therefore, rapid detection of BAs in fermented sausages, and effective control of BAs require urgent attention. The present review aims to expound the toxicity of BAs, analyse their formation mechanism and the influencing factors, and identify some effective control measures, so as to provide a basis for further studies on BAs in fermented sausages.
Biological functions of nutraceutical xylan oligosaccharides as a natural solution for modulation of obesity, diabetes, and related diseases
Authors: Abdo Abdullah Abdulaziz Abbod , Zhang Chengnan , Patil Prasanna , Teng Chao , Li Xiuting , Liang Xin
Published: June 2022

Natural compounds have been used to regulate numerous metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) alleviate obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia via the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolisms, and the modification of gut microbiota. Moreover, XOS is also shown to inhibit obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders such as inflammation and oxidative stress, by regulating the related genes and enzymes that contribute to the respective disorders. The information currently available does not offer in-depth elucidation regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of XOS in controlling obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders, thus remain to be elucidated. The present review discusses XOS and its mechanisms of action, and key roles in regulating obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders, highlighting the potential use of this compound in the improvement of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases.
Multi-strain probiotics combined with fruit-vegetable powders for regulating intestinal inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier
Authors: Lin Ping , Hsu Yu-Chen , Lin Yung-Kai , Lin Yung-Hao , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Chiang Chifu
Published: June 2022

The health-promoting effects of probiotics include maintenance of normal intestinal microbiota, increased nutritional value of foods, and immune system stimulation. Multi-strain probiotics have recently been proposed as health-enhancing foods and functional food ingredients. Fruit-vegetable powders (FVP), being a kind of prebiotic, are food supplements that are non-digestible by the host, but can improve the host's health by selectively stimulating the growth or activities of gastrointestinal tract bacteria. However, the intestinal efficacy of multi-strain probiotics combined with FVP remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to explore the effect of multi-strain probiotics combined with FVP on intestinal inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to treat RAW264.7, which was then co-cultured with Caco-2 cells to mimic the intestinal inflammatory environment. Caco-2 cells were incubated with various probiotics and FVP (0.125 and 0.25 mg/mL). The inflammatory cytokines from the medium were collected for ELISA analysis, and the ZO-1 expression in the Caco-2 cells was examined by fluorescence assay. Probiotics combined with FVP significantly decreased the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increased ZO-1 expression when compared with the LPS only group. Probiotics combined with FVP could decrease inflammatory cytokines, and protect the intestinal barrier from tight junction dysregulation.
Knowledge and attitude of adolescents on probiotic foods and their consumption
Authors: Ozgen Leyla , Akar Sahingoz Semra , Yalçın Eren
Published: June 2022

The steady increase in awareness on healthy nutrition today coupled with the wish to keep the immune system strong has seen individuals turn to nutritional supplements and functional foods. Even though there has been a rapid increase in the production of probiotic products, no study has examined what adolescents know about probiotic dairy products, their attitude, or their consumption of the product. The present work therefore aimed to examine the consumption of probiotic foods among adolescents, and to investigate their knowledge of probiotics. The present work was conducted in four secondary schools located in three central districts of Ankara, and one central district of Istanbul in Turkey, involving 2,369 students attending the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. The scores of female and male adolescents who wanted to add probiotics into beverages were 44.4 and 55.6%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the demand for the addition of probiotics by gender (p < 0.01). The mean scores of sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students for the statement “probiotic foods are rich in nutrients” were M = 4.08, 3.97, and 3.90, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Recent studies also have proven the positive effect of probiotics consumption on diseases specifically seen in children such as infectious diarrhoea, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants, and childhood atopy.
Development and enhancement of antioxidant peptides from spontaneous plaa-som fermentation co-stimulated with Chiangrai Phulae pineapple enzymatic reaction
Authors: Phupaboon Srisan , Punyauppa-path Sutrita , Kontongdee Papatchaya , Piyatheerawong Weera , Yunchalard Sirinda
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to search for a released peptide from proteolytic action on a silver barb fish muscular protein that confers health benefit through antioxidation activity. Changes in the physicochemical, microbiological, and protein characteristics of plaa-som samples during eight days of both spontaneous traditional fermentation (Batch 1; B1) and spontaneous fermentation with the addition of pineapple (Batch 2; B2) were determined. Results showed a correlation between an increase in the total acidity and bacterial counts with the length of fermentation duration, where the pH gradually decreased at the end of fermentation. Protein hydrolysis during fermentation was indicated by an increase in the amount of TCA-soluble peptide contents that peaked on day 5 (D5) in both batches (B1D5 and B2D5), which displayed their highest DPPH radical-scavenging inhibition of plaa-som protein hydrolysates (PSPHs). Twelve peptide fractions of the best PSPH were separated by ultrafiltration using molecular weight cut off (MWCO) at 3 and 10 kDa, and they were also purified by size exclusion chromatography. Results demonstrated that stronger peptides B2D5 - 3 kDa - F1 and B1D5 - 10 kDa - F1 were arranged in 12 peptides, which exhibited the highest reducing power, more than their radical-scavenging inhibition (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that both peptides obtained from PSPH have released antioxidative peptides that could be beneficial towards consumer's health, particularly the spontaneous plaa-som fermented with the addition of pineapple.
Ginger constituents ameliorated B(α)P-induced toxicity via modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes in mice
Authors: Gao Zengming , Ren Yongfeng , Liu Buyun , Ma Ranran , Li Feng , Li Dapeng , Wang Yong-Li
Published: June 2022

Accumulating evidence has linked benzo(α)pyrene (BαP) exposure to carcinogenesis with severe damages to reproductive, hematopoietic, hepatic, and renal tissues. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizome consumed worldwide as a spice and herbal medicine, exhibits a variety of health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. In the present work, the efficacy of three ginger compounds namely 6-gingerol, zingerone, and curcumin against BαP-induced toxicity in mice was investigated. Kunming Swiss albino male mice were orally gavage with curcumin, 6-gingerol, or zingerone (all at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight) for two weeks before intraperitoneal injection with benzo(α)pyrene (BαP) at 20 mg/kg body weight. The effect of these ginger compounds on antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes in vivo was investigated. Results showed that pre-treatment with curcumin, 6-gingerol, or zingerone significantly (p < 0.05) increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in serum and liver of mice, upregulated activities of phase II enzymes (quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and their protein and mRNA levels in liver of mice; but reduced levels of activities, protein, and mRNA of phase I enzymes (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) as compared to those of BαP-only treatment. Furthermore, these compounds significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression, whilst curcumin suppressed the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in liver. These results could contribute to our understanding of the potential beneficial effects of consuming ginger as food and/or dietary supplement.
Multi-parameter analysis of air flow velocity on peach precooling efficiency using CFD
Authors: Chen Yingmin , Song Haiyan , Su Qin
Published: June 2022

In the present work, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established to simulate the heat transfer process at different air-inflow velocities, and to predict the spatial and temporal variations of temperature distribution during forced-air cooling (FAC). Based on the conventional evaluation system, a more comprehensive multi-parameter evaluation system was proposed to determine an optimal precooling strategy of various air-inflow velocities. The current system employed a novel heterogeneity index to quantify the overall uniformity (OHI), and added a detailed theoretical calculation procedure of the cumulative moisture loss during the forced-convection cooling (M, mg). By analysing the effect of different airflow rates on SECT, precooling uniformity, moisture loss, and energy requirement, an airflow rate in the range of 1.5 - 2.5 m·s-1 was recommended as optimum for harvested peach precooling. Any further increase in air-inflow velocity led to excessive energy cost since it generated a relatively low decrease in SECT and overall heterogeneity index, so as moisture loss. At the same time, the moisture loss of peach primarily occurred in HCT, which was inversely proportional to airflow rate and cooling uniformity. An increasing power-law function relationship existed between energy consumption and airflow rate. The present work demonstrated the effect of various air-inflow velocities on peach precooling efficiency, and provided an integral evaluation system to optimise the precooling strategy of other horticultural fruits.
Consumers’ preference on goat’s milk based on sensory attributes
Authors: Ismail Alia Khalidah , Mohd Nawi Nolila , Ismail Mohd Mansor , Goh Yong-Meng
Published: June 2022

Increasing global population has resulted in a corresponding increase in global demand for meat and milk. For high quality milk, the demand is particularly for goat’s milk due to consumers’ increasing awareness on its benefits. However, there remain negative perceptions associated with goat’s milk. Therefore, research on new feeding formulation (NFF) has to be undertaken to improve goat’s milk production and quality assurance. In the present work, a sensory evaluation was performed to analyse the characteristics of four different samples of fresh goat’s milk; two commercial, and two non-commercial. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted, utilising the Central Location Test (CLT) with 828 respondents being selected through the purposive sampling method. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and one-way ANOVA. Based on the descriptive analysis outcomes, majority of the respondents (n = 662) had an experience consuming goat’s milk. They also perceived goat’s milk as fatty (n = 362) and sweet taste (n = 147). One-way ANOVA analysis on respondents’ perception indicated their desires for goat’s milk with attributes that are medium white, slightly weak of goaty aroma, and slightly viscous. They also favoured slightly sweet, slightly not salty, slightly creamy, and medium fresh milk. Next, the acceptance level of goat’s milk attributes of four different samples showed that sample B (researched sample) scored higher ranging between 5 (either like or dislike) to 7 (medium like), as compared to the other samples. Importantly, most respondents (59.7%; n = 494) chose sample B as the most preferred milk. Therefore, the findings of the present work provided a solid basis in understanding the sensory characteristics of goat’s milk most preferred by consumers to be used in product development and quality assurance by food processors and marketers.
A Performant Clustering Approach Based on An Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm
Authors: Khrissi Lahbib , El Akkad Nabil , Satori Hassan , Satori Khalid
Published: June 2022

Image segmentation is a fundamental and important step in many computer vision applications. One of the most widely used image segmentation techniques is clustering. It is a process of segmenting the intensities of a non-homogeneous image into homogeneous regions based on their similarity property. However, clustering methods require a prior initialization of random clustering centers and often converge to the local optimum, thanks to the choices of the initial centers, which is a major drawback. Therefore, to overcome this problem, we used the improved version of the sine-cosine algorithm to optimize the traditional clustering techniques to improve the image segmentation results. The proposed method provides better exploration of the search space compared to the original SCA algorithm which only focuses on the best solution to generate a new solution. The proposed ISCA algorithm is able to speed up the convergence and avoid falling into local optima by introducing two mechanisms that take into account the first is the given random position of the search space and the second is the position of the best solution found so far to balance the exploration and exploitation. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by comparing several clustering algorithms based on metaheuristics such as the original SCA, genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Our evaluation results were analyzed based on the best fitness values of several metrics used in this paper, which demonstrates the high performance of the proposed approach that gives satisfactory results compared to other comparison methods.
Sound Context Classification based on Joint Learning Model and Multi-Spectrogram Features
Authors: Ngo Dat , Pham Lam , Nguyen Anh , Ly Tien , Pham Khoa , Ngo Thanh
Published: June 2022

This article presents a deep learning framework applied for Acoustic Scene Classification (ASC), the task of classifying different environments from the sounds they produce. To successfully develop the framework, we firstly carry out a comprehensive analysis of spectrogram representation extracted from sound scene input, then propose the best multi-spectrogram combination for front-end feature extraction. In terms of back-end classification, we propose a novel joint learning model using a parallel architecture of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (C-RNN), which is able to learn efficiently both spatial features and temporal sequences of a spectrogram input. The experimental results have proved our proposed framework general and robust for ASC tasks by three main contributions. Firstly, the most effective spectrogram combination is indicated for specific datasets that none of publication previously analyzed. Secondly, our joint learning architecture of CNN and C-RNN achieves better performance compared with the CNN only which is proposed for the baseline in this paper. Finally, our framework achieves competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art systems on various benchmark datasets of IEEE AASP Challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2016 Task 1, 2017 Task 1, 2018 Task 1A & 1B, and LITIS Rouen.
Construction of Civil Aviation Airport Service Mode in Internet Plus Era
Authors: Gou Lele
Published: June 2022

In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of society, the Internet has come to people's side. At the same time, it improves the social benefits. Internet plus times has brought new development space to many traditional industries, and facilitated the integration of data and resources in many retail, financial, media and communication industries. Besides, internet plus also plays a vital role in the development of civil aviation airports. Because in the service work of civil aviation airport, it is necessary to use modern information technology to improve. At the same time, the operation quality and service level of civil aviation airports have been fully improved.
Research on the Coordinated Development of Aviation Tourism and Air Transport
Authors: Jin Yongguang
Published: June 2022

At present, the social and economic development has entered a new stage, people's living standard has been continuously improved, and their demand for the spiritual world has been continuously improved. Therefore, it has promoted the development of tourism, and aviation tourism has been widely concerned. Tourism is characterized by rapidity, safety and environmental protection, so it promotes the cooperative development between tourism companies and airlines, and improves the utilization efficiency of resources. This paper mainly analyzes and studies the implementation strategy of coordinated development of air tourism and air transport.
Analysis of School Financial Control Strategy Under the New Government Accounting System Reform
Authors: Li Jingyan
Published: June 2022

China has adjusted the accounting system, which has a great impact on the financial management of schools. In school financial management and control, financial management personnel should actively learn the new Government Accounting System, master rich professional knowledge, optimize and adjust the school financial management mode, speed up the establishment and improvement of financial management system, and promote the improvement of school financial management and control level. In this regard, this paper first introduces the new Government Accounting System in detail, and then explores the school financial control strategy in detail.
A Model for Estimating the Population Size of Disproportionate Two Sample Capture Recapture Methods
Authors: Reuben B. Z. , Jibasen D. , Dike I. J. , Abdulkadir S. S.
Published: June 2022

The size of a population  n̂  in a dynamic setting can be estimated using closed population capture-recapture techniques. This entails drawing a sample from a sampling frame denoted by n1, mark and return into the population. Thereafter, another sample is drawn independently and denoted by n1 items or individuals selected in both samples are recorded and denoted by n11. The sizes of samples drawn are not necessarily at bay. Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) are vaccination campaigns conducted at National and Subnational scale to boost immunity against Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD) such as polio and Lot Quality Assurance Survey (LQAS) was introduced to assess the coverage of the immunization activities with the view to get quick idea of what the coverage is so as to decide whether to accept or reject the lot(s) on the basis of a predetermine number of acceptable defects (unvaccinated). Since the size of the first sample is inordinately different to the second sample in LQAS, a disproportionate capture-recapture (C-R) model was developed to address the disparity, estimate SIAs coverage and enhance precision of estimate classification.
 
Received: 27 April 2022 | Revised: 20 May 2022 | Accepted: 28 June 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
The dynamics of “imperial tails” on the example of coronavirus infection
Authors:   Institute for Applied Mathematics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Guzev M.A. , Nikitina E. Y. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Russia
Published: June 2022

In the paper the dynamics of rank distributions is discussed on the example of a study of the incidence of COVID-19 in Primorsky Krai in 2020-2022, taking into account the periodicity of the morbidity process, and an explanation of the nature of “imperial tails” is given. It is shown that the chosen modeling method is within the framework of the general trend of research into the development of the pandemic process, and the found characteristic parameters are close to classical estimates.