bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFERENCE OF SIMILARITY
Authors: Teo Marcus
Published: February 2025

English courts have long professed to apply a “presumption of similarity” when faced with inconclusive foreign law evidence. However, its precise nature and implications remain unclear. Here, I argue that no true “presumption” exists. Instead, courts should only draw an inference, that English and foreign courts would render similar rulings on the same facts, when that conclusion can be reliably drawn. Understanding the “presumption” as a reliable inference helps facilitate the accurate prediction of foreign decisions, resolves various controversies surrounding its “use” in civil proceedings and does not render the proof of foreign law unpredictable or inconvenient in practice.
Impact of dynamics, entanglement and Markovian noise on the fidelity of few-qubit digital quantum simulation
Authors: Porter M.D. , Joseph I.
Published: February 2025

Quantum algorithms have been proposed to accelerate the simulation of the chaotic dynamical systems that are ubiquitous in the physics of plasmas. Quantum computers without error correction might even use noise to their advantage to calculate the Lyapunov exponent by measuring the Loschmidt echo fidelity decay rate. For the first time, digital Hamiltonian simulations of the quantum sawtooth map, performed on the IBM-Q quantum hardware platform, show that the fidelity decay rate of a digital quantum simulation increases during the transition from dynamical localization to chaotic diffusion in the map. The observed error per CNOT gate increases by

$1.5{\times }$

as the dynamics varies from localized to diffusive, while only changing the phases of virtual RZ gates and keeping the overall gate count constant. A gate-based Lindblad noise model that captures the effective change in relaxation and dephasing errors during gate operation qualitatively explains the effect of dynamics on fidelity as being due to the localization and entanglement of the states created. Specifically, highly delocalized states that are entangled with random phases show an increased sensitivity to dephasing and, on average, a similar sensitivity to relaxation as localized states. In contrast, delocalized unentangled states show an increased sensitivity to dephasing but a lower sensitivity to relaxation. This gate-based Lindblad model is shown to be a useful benchmarking tool by estimating the effective Lindblad coherence times during CNOT gates and finding a consistent

$2\unicode{x2013}3{\times }$

shorter

$T_2$

time than reported for idle qubits. Thus, the interplay of the dynamics of a simulation with the noise processes that are active can strongly influence the overall fidelity decay rate.
A systematic review of studies using network analysis to assess dynamics of psychotic-like experiences in community samples
Authors: Misiak Błażej , Pytel Aleksandra , Stańczykiewicz Bartłomiej
Published: February 2025

Several studies have used a network analysis to recognize the dynamics and determinants of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in community samples. Their synthesis has not been provided so far. A systematic review of studies using a network analysis to assess the dynamics of PLEs in community samples was performed. Altogether, 27 studies were included. The overall percentage ranks of centrality metrics for PLEs were 23.5% for strength (20 studies), 26.0% for betweenness (5 studies), 29.7% for closeness (6 studies), 26.9% for expected influence (7 studies), and 29.1% for bridge expected influence (3 studies). Included studies covered three topics: phenomenology of PLEs and associated symptom domains (14 studies), exposure to stress and PLEs (7 studies), and PLEs with respect to suicide-related outcomes (6 studies). Several other symptom domains were directly connected to PLEs. A total of 6 studies investigated PLEs with respect to childhood trauma (CT) history. These studies demonstrated that PLEs are directly connected to CT history (4 studies) or a cumulative measure of environmental exposures (1 study). Moreover, CT was found to moderate the association of PLEs with other symptom domains (1 study). Two studies that revealed direct connections of CT with PLEs also found potential mediating effects of cognitive biases and general psychopathology. PLEs were also directly connected to suicide-related outcomes across all studies included within this topic. The findings imply that PLEs are transdiagnostic phenomena that do not represent the most central domain of psychopathology in community samples. Their occurrence might be associated with CT and suicide risk.
Asymmetrical Ocean Carbon Responses in the Tropical Pacific Ocean to La Niña and El Niño
Authors: Sun Chaofan , Liao Enhui , Zhu Xueming
Published: February 2025

Asymmetrical ocean carbon responses to La Niña and El Niño complicate global carbon budget estimation. Using multiple ocean CO2 data products and an advanced ocean biogeochemical model, we identified significant asymmetries in ocean carbon magnitude, spatial distribution, and duration in the tropical Pacific Ocean. La Niña enhances ocean CO2 outgassing (0.1–0.2 PgC/yr) with a broader poleward extension (15°S–15°N) for up to 3 years, while El Niño reduces outgassing (0.2–0.4 PgC/yr) with a narrower poleward extension (10°S–10°N) for up to 1 year. The air‐sea carbon flux anomaly shifts westward during La Niña and eastward during El Niño. These asymmetries are attributed to differing wind, precipitation, and ocean circulation anomalies between La Niña and El Niño. Additionally, the cumulative carbon flux remains slightly imbalanced, impacting the global ocean carbon sink balance. This study provides deeper insights into ocean carbon sink variability and highlights the need for enhanced monitoring of asymmetrical ocean carbon dynamics.
Ocean Surface Wave Slopes and Wind‐Wave Alignment Observed in Hurricane Idalia
Authors: Davis Jacob R. , Thomson Jim , Houghton Isabel A. , Fairall Chris W. , Butterworth Brian J. , Thompson Elizabeth J. , de Boer Gijs , Doyle James D. , Moskaitis Jonathan R.
Published: February 2025

Drifting buoy observations in Hurricane Idalia (2023) are used to investigate the dependence of ocean surface wave mean square slope on wind, wave, and storm characteristics. Mean square slope has a primary dependence on wind speed that is linear at low‐to‐moderate wind speeds and approaches saturation at high wind speeds (20 m ). Inside Hurricane Idalia, buoy‐measured mean square slopes have a secondary dependence on wind‐wave alignment: at a given wind speed, slopes are higher where wind and waves are aligned compared to where wind and waves are crossing. At moderate wind speeds, differences in mean square slope between aligned and crossing conditions can vary 15%–20% relative to their mean. These changes in wave slopes may be related to the reported dependence of air‐sea drag coefficients on wind‐wave alignment.
Comparison of Cloud/Rain Band Structures Between High‐Resolution Numerical Simulation of Typhoon Lekima (2019) and FY‐4A Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager Observations
Authors: Bi Mingming , Zou Xiaolei
Published: February 2025

Higher cloud top and stronger convection within Typhoon Lekima (2019) corresponds to lower brightness temperature (TB) from Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) observations. In this study, an effort is made to see if all‐sky TB simulations from short‐term model forecasts by a radiative transfer model could capture observed low‐TB distributions. We employ a coupled ocean‐atmosphere Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 3‐km resolution and the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis v5 (ERA5) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis as initial conditions. Horizontal structural distributions of all‐sky TB simulations initialized by the NCEP GFS analysis better match AGRI observations than the ERA5 reanalysis, including the eyewall, moat and spiral rainband distributions of Typhoon Lekima. The cloud top pressure in most cloud areas near the center of Lekima is around 140 hPa, whereas in some rainbands far from the center is approximately 700 hPa. A high correlation in horizontal distributions of all‐sky TB simulations with relative vorticity fields during the 24‐hr period of WRF model forecasts suggests a potential relationship between dynamic and thermodynamic variables. The farther from the center of Lekima, the greater the proportion of high‐wavenumber structures within both TB and relative vorticity fields. Within the radius of maximum wind speed, the azimuthal wavenumbers 0, 1, and 2 shown in TB and relative vorticity fields have greater comparability. High wavenumber structures in relative vorticity increase with radial distance in a way faster than those in TB.
Role of Vortex Tilting and Advection in Northward‐Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillations During Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Baosheng , Qin Jianhuang , Zhou Lei , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: February 2025

The western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) is characterized by prominent northward propagation of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). However, the specific vorticity dynamics as an atmospheric precursor responsible for the northward propagation of ISOs remains unclear over the WNPSM. In this study, we utilized a multi‐timescale vorticity diagnosis to identify the key dynamics of ISOs in WNPSM. Our findings indicate that both vortex tilting and vortex advection play important roles in vorticity generation and the subsequent development of new convection, ultimately leading to ISO propagation. Vortex tilting is primarily driven by the interaction between intraseasonal vertical velocity shear and background easterly wind shear, which is consistent with the ISOs during Indian summer monsoon (ISM). However, the impact of vortex tilting is confined near the equator in the eastern region of the WNPSM because of the decreased easterly wind shear from the Indian Ocean to the WNP. Meanwhile, vortex advection is the result of the transport of intraseasonal vorticity by the background southerly wind, which is significant over the region of tropical WNPSM. In summary, this differs from the tilting alone that controls northward‐propagating ISOs during the ISM and is critical for advancing the unique framework for ISOs during the WNPSM.
Eliminating VEGFA+ tumor-associated neutrophils by antibody-drug conjugates boosts antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical models of cervical cancer
Authors: Yao Shili , Sun Lu , Lu Ye , Zhu Xiu , Xu Rui , Yang Tong , Tang Huarong , Guo Peng , Zhu Tao
Published: February 2025

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) actively interact with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), though the detailed mechanisms governing their response to ADC treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we explored how ICAM1-targeted ADCs affect TAN dynamics in preclinical models of cervical cancer. We discovered that I-DXd, our in-house ADC targeting cervical cancer, effectively eliminates tumor cells through specific antigen recognition while concurrently depleting pro-tumor VEGFA + TANs via Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis. This dual action promotes an immunologically favorable TME. Through comprehensive preclinical studies, we established a foundational understanding of the synergistic benefits of combining I-DXd treatment with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention in advanced cervical cancer.
Single-cell RNA-seq and pathological phenotype reveal the functional atlas and precise roles of Sox30 in testicular cell development and differentiation
Authors: Xie Cheng-ting , Zhang Hui-lian , Li Yi , Li Qian , Wen Yi-xian , Liu Jin-yi , Han Fei
Published: February 2025

Sox30 has recently been demonstrated to be a key regulator of spermatogenesis. However, the precise roles of Sox30 in the testis remain largely unclear. Here, the specific functions of Sox30 in testicular cells were determined by single-cell sequencing and confirmed via pathological analyses. Sox30 loss appears to damage all testicular cells to different extents. Sox30 chiefly drives the differentiation of primary spermatocytes. Sox30 deficiency causes spermatocyte arrest at the early phase of meiosis I, with nearly no normally developing second spermatocytes and three new spermatocyte -subclusters emerging. In addition, Sox30 seems to play important roles in the mature phenotypes of Sertoli and Leydig cells, and the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. The developmental trajectory of germ cells begins with spermatogonia and splits into two different spermatocyte branches, with Sox30-null spermatocytes and wild-type spermatocytes placed at divergent ends. An opposite developmental trajectory of spermatocyte subclusters is observed, followed by incomplete development of spermatid subclusters in Sox30-null mice. Sox30 deficiency clearly alters the intercellular cross-talk of major testicular cells and dysregulates the transcription factor networks primarily involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, Sox30 appears to have similar terminal functions that are involved mainly in spermatogenic development and differentiation among major testicular cells, and Sox30 performs these similar crucial roles through preferential regulation of different signalling pathways. Our study describes the exact functions of Sox30 in testicular cell development and differentiation and highlights the primary roles of Sox30 in the early meiotic phase of germ cells.
A new understanding of Acanthamoeba castellanii: dispelling the role of bacterial pore-forming toxins in cyst formation and amoebicidal actions
Authors: Yabrag Abdelbasset , Ullah Naeem , Baryalai Palwasha , Ahmad Irfan , Zlatkov Nikola , Toh Eric , Lindbäck Toril , Uhlin Bernt Eric , Wai Sun Nyunt , Nadeem Aftab
Published: February 2025

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are recognized as major virulence factors produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While the effects of PFTs have been extensively investigated using mammalian cells as a model system, their interactions with the environmental host, Acanthamoeba castellanii remains less understood. This study employed high-throughput image screening (HTI), advanced microscopy, western blot analysis, and cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the impact of PFT-producing bacterial species on their virulence against A. castellanii. Our unbiased HTI data analysis reveals that the cyst induction of A. castellanii in response to various bacterial species does not correlate with the presence of PFT-producing bacteria. Moreover, A. castellanii demonstrates resistance to PFT-mediated cytotoxicity, in contrast to mammalian macrophages. Notably, Vibrio anguillarum and Ralstonia eutropha triggered a high frequency of cyst formation and cytotoxicity in infected A. castellanii. In summary, our findings reveal that A. castellanii exhibits a unique resistance to PFTs, unlike mammalian cells, suggesting its potential ecological role as a reservoir for diverse pathogenic species and its influence on their persistence and proliferation in the environment.
Biallelic variants in RYR1 and STAC3 are predominant causes of King-Denborough Syndrome in an African cohort
Authors: Schoonen Maryke , Fassad Mahmoud , Patel Krutik , Bisschoff Michelle , Vorster Armand , Makwikwi Tendai , Human Ronel , Lubbe Elsa , Nonyane Malebo , Vorster Barend C. , Vandrovcova Jana , Hanna Michael G. , Taylor Robert W. , McFarland Robert , Wilson Lindsay A. , van der Westhuizen Francois H. , Smuts Izelle
Published: February 2025

King-Denborough Syndrome (KDS) is a congenital myopathy (CM) characterised by myopathy, dysmorphic features and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in Black African patients presenting with CM, specifically those with KDS-like phenotypes, who remained undiagnosed for over 25 years. A cohort of 67 Black African patients with CM was studied, of whom 44 were clinically evaluated and diagnosed with KDS. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed as part of an international genomics study (ICGNMD) to identify potential pathogenic mutations. Genomic assessments focused on identifying relevant genes, including RYR1 and STAC3, and establishing genotype-phenotype correlations. The study identified RYR1 and STAC3 mutations as the predominant genetic causes of KDS in this cohort, with mutations in both genes exhibiting autosomal recessive inheritance. While RYR1 has previously been linked to autosomal dominant mutations, STAC3, which was formerly associated exclusively with Native American Myopathy/Bailey-Bloch Myopathy, congenital hypotonia, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, is now newly associated with CM-KDS in this study. This establishes the first genotype-phenotype correlation for 44 Black African individuals with KDS. This study marks a significant milestone in research on understudied African populations with CM, emphasising the lengthy diagnostic journey these patients endured. The findings highlight the pressing need for improved access to genomic medicine in underserved regions and underscore the importance of expanding research and diagnostic capabilities in Africa. This work contributes to the advancement of genetic medicine in underrepresented populations, facilitating better diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
Alternatively spliced NFKB1 transcripts enriched in Andean Aymara modulate inflammation, HIF and hemoglobin
Authors: Song Jihyun , Han Seonggyun , Amaru Ricardo , Lanikova Lucie , Quispe Teddy , Kim Dongwook , Crawford Jacob E. , Kim Soo Jin , Lee Younghee , Prchal Josef T.
Published: February 2025

The molecular basis of increased hemoglobin in Andean Aymara highlanders is unknown. We conducted an integrative analysis of whole-genome-sequencing and granulocytes transcriptomics from Aymara and Europeans in Bolivia to explore genetic basis of the Aymara high hemoglobin. Differentially expressed and spliced genes in Aymaras were associated with inflammatory and hypoxia-related pathways. We identified transcripts with 4th or 5th exon skipping of NFKB1 (AS-NFKB1), key part of NF-kB complex, and their splicing quantitative trait loci; these were increased in Aymaras. AS-NFKB1 transcripts correlated with both transcripts and protein levels of inflammatory and HIF-regulated genes, including hemoglobin. While overexpression of the AS-NFKB1 variant led to increased expression of inflammatory and HIF-targeted genes; under inflammatory stress, NF-kB protein translocation to the nucleus was attenuated, resulting in reduced expression of these genes. Our study reveals AS-NFKB1 splicing events correlating with increased hemoglobin in Aymara and their possible protective mechanisms against excessive inflammation.
A small signaling domain controls PPIP5K phosphatase activity in phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Raia Pierre , Lee Kitaik , Bartsch Simon M. , Rico-Resendiz Felix , Portugal-Calisto Daniela , Vadas Oscar , Panse Vikram Govind , Fiedler Dorothea , Hothorn Michael
Published: February 2025

Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are eukaryotic nutrient messengers. The N-terminal kinase domain of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase (PPIP5K) generates the messenger 1,5-InsP8, the C-terminal phosphatase domain catalyzes PP-InsP breakdown. The balance between kinase and phosphatase activities regulates 1,5-InsP8 levels. Here, we present crystal structures of the apo and substrate-bound PPIP5K phosphatase domain from S. cerevisiae (ScVip1PD). ScVip1PD is a phytase-like inositol 1-pyrophosphate histidine phosphatase with two conserved catalytic motifs. The enzyme has a strong preference for 1,5-InsP8 and is inhibited by inorganic phosphate. It contains an α-helical insertion domain stabilized by a structural Zn2+ binding site, and a unique GAF domain that channels the substrate to the active site. Mutations that alter the active site, restrict the movement of the GAF domain, or change the substrate channel’s charge inhibit the enzyme activity in vitro, and Arabidopsis VIH2 in planta. Our work reveals the structure, enzymatic mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic PPIP5K phosphatases.
Composite vortex air laser
Authors: Cao Jincheng , Fu Yao , Wang Tianbo , Dai Zhihe , Xu Huailiang
Published: February 2025

Structured air laser generated through establishing high-gain air media in a cavity-free scheme by intense ultrashort pulses is promising for optical manipulation and quantum communication at standoff distances. However, the mechanism how the orbital angular momentum (OAM) information can be entangled into strong-field-induced gain media is still controversial, making manipulation of the topological charges of structured air laser remain a challenge. Here, we report the realization of a composite vortex N2
+ air laser with controllable OAM by manipulating the relative positions, polarization directions, and intensity ratio between a Gaussian-shaped pump and an external vortex seed. Numerical simulations reveal the essential role of the interference between self-seeded Gaussian-shaped and externally-seeded vortex lasing emissions in the topological charge transformation. Our findings not only shed light on the generation mechanism of vortex air lasers, but also open up avenues for quantum manipulation of structured light through strong-field laser ionization of molecules remotely.
Recent advances in the metallic and metal oxide nanoparticle-assisted molecular methods for the detection of Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhuang Linlin , Gong Jiansen , Zhang Di , Zhang Ping , Zhao Ying , Sun Li , Yang Jianbo , Zhang Yu , Shen Qiuping
Published: February 2025

The detection of E. coli is of irreplaceable importance for the maintenance of public health and food safety. In the field of molecular detection, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have...
“Hot-dog-string” drug-eluting degradable stents for treating stenosis in tortuous arteries
Authors: Lee Chen-Hung , Feng Pin-Chao , Hsu Shih-Jie , Kuo Yi-Hua , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: February 2025

Despite advances in cardiovascular technology, treating stenosis in tortuous arteries with balloon-expandable stents, typically deployed in a straight orientation, remains a challenge.
“Soft armor” regulates the electrocatalytic microenvironment for nitrate reduction to ammonia to greatly enhance stability
Authors: Ji Xinxin , Hu Jiwen , Zhang Hui , Li Shikuo , Huang Fangzhi
Published: February 2025

The PAM hydrogel interface “soft armor” coated on FeOOH/Ti regulates the electrolytic microenvironment, attracts reductive intermediates, and improves the conversion efficiency and durability of nitrate to ammonia.
Synthesis of F-doped high-entropy layered oxide as cathode material towards high-performance Na-ion batteries
Authors: Cao Minghui , Cui Miao , Gong Yiping , Guo Zewei , Le Shuangqing , Wu Yangjinhua , Lin Chong , Li Ke , Tian Jingyang , Qi Yi
Published: February 2025

Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that strategic F doping can significantly improve the crystal stability and Na+ transport dynamics of the high-entropy Na0.66Mn0.6Li0.1Ti0.1(MgAlCuZn)0.05O2 cathode.
Assessing residual stress generation and entrapment in glass-to-metal seals: role of glass solidification during the cooling process
Authors: Gong Keqian , Zhou Chao , Liu Zheng , Song Zifeng , Shi Zhangjing , Zhou Weisong , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2025

A detailed exploration of residual stress formation and entrapment in glass-to-metal seals during cooling process, revealing the impact of glass solidification and thermal dynamics on stress distribution.
Enantiomeric fraction evaluation for assessing septic tanks as a pathway for chiral pharmaceuticals entering rivers
Authors: Wilschnack Kai , Cartmell Elise , Sundström Vera Jemina , Yates Kyari , Petrie Bruce
Published: February 2025

Septic tanks (STs) are an important pathway for pharmaceuticals entering rivers.
Advances in small droplets manipulation on bio-inspired slippery surfaces: chances and challenges
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Wang Xiaobo , Guo Zhiguang
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews droplet manipulation on bioinspired slippery surfaces. It also classifies methods into active and passive based on external stimuli like heat and light and emphasizes their significance for applications in multiple fields.
New synthetic approaches for the construction of difluoromethylated architectures
Authors: Sun Zhou , Zhang Xue-Song , Bian Shao-Wei , Zhang Chun , Han Ya-Ping , Liang Yong-Min
Published: February 2025

In this review, we summarize various strategies for constructing CF2H groups based on different approaches, resulting in a series of difluoromethyl derivatives.
Chemical modification of poly(isosorbide carbonate)-based copolymers with boronic acids and the ammonolysis of the modified copolymers
Authors: Rikiyama Kazuaki , Matsunami Akari , Fujimata Shunsuke , Taniguchi Tatsuo , Aoki Daisuke
Published: February 2025

Functionalization of bio-based polycarbonates by post-polymerization modification with boronic acids was demonstrated for tuning the thermal and physical properties of original polymers without losing the degradability by ammonolysis.
P vacancy-induced electron redistribution and phase reconstruction of CoFeP for overall water splitting at industrial-level current density
Authors: Wei Xueling , Jiao Yang , Zou Xiangyu , Guo Yuchen , Li Wenhu , Ai Taotao
Published: February 2025

CoFePv with phosphorus vacancies (Pv) was prepared via Ar plasma-assisted phosphidation. CoFePv and its reconstructed CoFeOOH-PO43− serve as active species for the HER and the OER, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance and stability.
A switch-on luminescent europium(iii) probe for selective and time-resolved detection of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Authors: Bodman Samantha E. , Stachelek Patrycja , Rehman Umatur , Plasser Felix , Pal Robert , Butler Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

We present a novel luminescent europium(iii) probe for highly selective ADP detection with minimal ATP interference. It enables unprecedented ADP sensing in physiologically relevant ranges, facilitating in vitro and cellular imaging applications.
Conversion of CO2 into porous metal–organic framework monoliths
Authors: Sotho Kanchana , Kadota Kentaro , Kurihara Takuya , Tiyawarakul Thanakorn , Yamada Hiroki , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Horike Satoshi
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate the one-pot conversion of CO2 into amorphous formate-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that form grain-boundary-free monoliths with permanent porosity through hot-pressing.
Epitaxial Growth of Phase-pure and Stable β-Fe2O3 Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method
Authors: Yin Hang , Ni Chenwei , Qu Jiangshan , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Xuefei , Shi Jingying , Li Can
Published: February 2025

The metastable β-Fe2O3 has been less investigated due to the challenges in preparing phase-pure materials with high thermal stability. In this work, by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, we firstly...
A new helical InSeI polymorph: crystal structure and polarized Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Olano-Vegas Lucía , Spirito Davide , Modin Evgeny , Solokha Pavlo , Marras Sergio , Gobbi Marco , Casanova Fèlix , De Negri Serena , Hueso Luis E. , Martín-García Beatriz
Published: February 2025

One-dimensional InSeI helical polymorph, with a complex unit cell and directional optoelectronic properties, whose response to linearly polarized light allows identification of the orientation of the van der Waals helical chains from bulk to flake.
Smart responsive luminescence and VOCs† sensing application of a copper(I) cluster with novel P2CuI2CuN2 core
Authors: Dai Ze-Qi , Song Li , Chen Jun-Er , Jin Ding-Feng , Jin Hong-Xiao , Guo Xiao-Lin , Shen Hang-Yan , Chai Wen-Xiang
Published: February 2025

The detection of VOCs is of great significance due to its numerous application in many fields, such as air quality assessment, environmental protection, disease diagnosis, and so on. We report...
Nano-wire Spin Hall Oscillator Fabricated by Novel Side-wall Transfer Lithography
Authors: Shi Jialin , Zhang Chenglong , Jin Zhenhu , Chen Jiamin
Published: February 2025

Spin Hall nano oscillators (SHNOs) have garnered significant attention in the field of spintronics in recent years, particularly for their potential in neuromorphic computing. However, their sensitive regions, often below...
Na-decorated binary spinel ferrite catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to olefins
Authors: Lu Hanjun , Li Xia , Li Guangchao , Hong Xinlin , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: February 2025

Spinel ferrite catalysts, recognized for their unique physicochemical properties, have been extensively employed in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
Single Photon Generation from Quantum Dots: Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Thapa Dev Kumar , Biswas Soumava
Published: February 2025

Single photon source (SPS) is a device designed to emit photon one at a time, enabling precise control over quantum states, unlike classical light sources that produce interfering streams. This...
C–H amination of enolizable and nonenolizable ketones
Authors: Holovko-Kamoshenkova Oksana , Tošner Zdeněk , Císařová Ivana , Hrdina Radim
Published: February 2025

Metal free C–H amination of ketones.
Assessment of Heritage Language Abilities in Bilingual Arabic–German Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: Comparing a Standardized Test Battery for Spoken Arabic to an Arabic LITMUS Sentence Repetition Task
Authors: Abed Ibrahim Lina
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To avoid misdiagnosis with developmental language disorder (DLD) in bilingual children, it is recommended to evaluate both languages. However, unlike their monolingual peers, bilingual children acquire their heritage language under adverse input conditions. Focusing on Levantine Arabic, the study evaluates the clinical utility of a standardized test for Arabic and an Arabic Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings sentence repetition task (LITMUS-SRT) for ruling in/out DLD in bilingual children acquiring Arabic as a heritage language in Germany. Both tools were developed for the majority diglossic Lebanese bilingual context. However, it is still unclear whether they can be reliably applied in heritage contexts.

Method:

Fifty-nine children (5;6–9;1 [years;months]) participated in the study: 18 bilingual typically developing ([BiTD]) children with early exposure to German (heritage BiTD), nine heritage bilingual children with DLD (heritage BiDLD), eight typically developing late-successive bilingual children, and 24 typically developing monolingual children, who served as controls.

Results:

Unlike monolingual and late successive bilingual children with typical language development, many heritage BiTD children resembled their BiDLD peers, especially on measures of expressive/receptive vocabulary and morphosyntax production, which were negatively affected by early second language exposure. In contrast, the Arabic LITMUS-SRT did not disadvantage heritage BiTD children, who performed on par with their typically developing monolingual and late successive bilingual peers on most structures. BiDLD showed poor performance on all structures.

Conclusions:

Standardized tests assessing language domains sensitive to reduced heritage language input bear a risk of overdiagnosis with DLD in heritage contexts. The Arabic LITMUS-SRT, on the other hand, provides a fair estimate of heritage language abilities. However, task construction should consider morphophonological aspects vulnerable in heritage Arabic.
KTnet: Hazy weather object detection based on knowledge transfer
Authors: Deng Haigang , Lu Zhiheng , Li Chengwei , Wang Tong , Liu Changshi , Xiong Qian
Published: February 2025

The current method to address the reduced accuracy of target detection algorithms in hazy weather scenes is mainly to first use image dehazing algorithms to restore hazy images, and then input the restored images into target detection algorithms to obtain detection results. However, the images restored by the image dehazing model deviate from real clear images, and do not completely recover the features required by the target detection algorithm, thus limiting the improvement of the detection accuracy of the target detection model. This paper proposes a hazy weather target detection algorithm based on large convolution kernels and knowledge transfer (KTnet). First, a large convolution attention dehazing module is embedded into the backbone network of faster R‐CNN to form a dehazing backbone network. Considering the high‐dimensional features of the deep backbone network, a lightweight fusion attention module is designed. A loss function is also designed and the adapter model is employed to devise training methods for knowledge transfer and fine‐tuning. Extensive experimental results on various hazy weather target detection datasets show that KTnet has achieved significant effectiveness.
Combining Diagnostics and Research in an Academic Laboratory
Authors: Waitz Grit , Handtke Stefan , Zaninetti Carlo , Schönborn Linda , Thiele Thomas
Published: February 2025

Combining diagnostics and research in academic laboratories faces challenges and bears great opportunities. In this short review, we describe the objectives of diagnostic and research laboratories dealing with thrombosis and hemostasis questions. We give an overview of specific goals for diagnostic and research laboratories and explain the synergies and tasks which need to be managed in an interdisciplinary team.
Bewegungs- und Sporttherapie in der Rehabilitation des
Long-/Post-COVID-Syndroms unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuropsychiatrischer
Symptomatik
Authors: Schick Georg
Published: February 2025

Die von dem Atemwegsvirus SARS-CoV-2 ausgelöste Erkrankung COVID-19 ist heute als
Multiorganerkrankung anerkannt. Sub- und postakut können diverse Langzeitfolgen
mit unterschiedlich starker Symptomlast auftreten. Als häufigste Symptome des
Long-/Post-COVID-Syndroms (LPCS) gelten Fatigue und Dyspnoe.
Zunehmend gewinnen die neurologischen/neuropsychiatrischen Manifestationen des
postinfektiösen Syndroms an Bedeutung. Insbesondere diejenigen LPCS-Patienten,
die auf psychophysische Überforderung mit lang andauernder postexertioneller
Malaise (PEM) reagieren, bedürfen einer äußerst behutsamen, auf ihre
individuelle Belastungssensibilität abgestimmten Rehabilitation, denn bei
Belastungsintoleranz kann eine Symptomverschlimmerung nach Anstrengung den
Allgemeinzustand und die Lebensqualität dauerhaft verschlechtern.

Die Diversität der Erscheinungsbilder des LPCS mag ein Grund für die teils
inkonsistenten Ergebnisse empirischer Interventionsforschung sein. Während viele
Patienten von körperlicher Aktivität profitieren, kann sie bei einer Subgruppe
die LPCS-Symptome verstärken. Nach bisherigem Erkenntnisstand erweist sich die
Kombination von Ausdauer- mit Krafttraining am effektivsten, um die funktionale
Kapazität zu verbessern, die Lebensqualität zu fördern und Symptome wie Dyspnoe,
Fatigue oder Depression zu lindern. Grundsätzlich sollte die Intervention
indikationsgerecht, symptomspezifisch und individualisiert angepasst werden.
Wenngleich Mind-Body-Exercise (MBE) für viele belastungsvulnerable
Patientenkollektive als wirksam und sicher gelten kann, fehlt bislang ein
evidenzbasiertes bewegungstherapeutisches Konzept für LPCS-Patienten mit PEM.
Ein praktikabler Ansatz wird vorgeschlagen, der MBE sowie andere Methoden
bewusster Körperarbeit mit Belastungssteuerung nach dem subjektiven
Belastungsempfinden und mit präventivem Selbstmanagement (Pacing)
verknüpft. Die partizipative Einbindung der Patientensicht in Therapie und
Evaluation ist dabei zentral.
Mesenchymal dysplasia of the placenta: a rare entity and important
differential diagnosis. Presentation of a case with
placentomegaly
Authors: Feist Henning , Daliapo Afram , Sönnichsen Ann-Christin
Published: February 2025

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare disease with unclear etiology and
peculiar placental findings (placentomegaly, abnormal chorionic vessels with
thromboses, and grossly enlarged and often cystic-appearing stem villi).
Songraphic findings are cystic changes, hypoechoic areas, placental enlargement,
and dilated chorionic vessels.PMD can be associated with severe perinatal
complications, e.g., intrauterine fetal demise, fetal growth restriction, and
preterm delivery. Neonatal complications include Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
(BWS), hepatic tumors, and hematologic diseases, i.e., anemia and
thrombocytopenia. However, in a minority of cases the mothers and children
display no perinatal or postnatal findings. It is important to be aware of the
entity because it can be mistaken for molar pregnancy (with a different clinical
procedure) on routine ultrasound investigation. Maternal alpha-fetoprotein serum
levels are often increased in the case of PMD.We report a case of PMD with
typical entity-related findings on ultrasound investigation and striking
pathological-anatomic findings such as massive placentomegaly and prominent
thromboses of the tortuous chorionic vessels but without perinatal or postnatal
complications.
Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection versus standard hot technique for large flat non-pedunculated colonic lesions: Results of the CS-EMR 2019 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nogales Oscar , Carbonell-Blanco Carlos , Montori Pina Sheyla , Pellisé Maria , Martínez-Sempere Juan , Riu Pons Fausto , Mangas-Sanjuan Carolina , Daca-Alvarez Maria , Uchima Hugo , Aranda Hernández Javier , Alvarez Delgado Alberto , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Santiago Garcia Jose , Cañete Ruiz Angel , Miranda Garcia Pablo , Nuñez Rodriguez Henar , Herreros de Tejada Alberto , Valdivielso Cortázar Eduardo , De María Pedro , Busquets David , Elosua Alfonso , Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Lopez-Ibanez Maria , Alvarez-Gonzalez Marco Antonio , Albéniz Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Backgrounds and Aims: Cold snare EMR (CS-EMR) in large flat non-pedunculated colonic lesions (LFNPCLs) is an alternative to the standard EMR procedure with a better safety profile, but scientific evidence on its efficacy is unavailable.
Primary objective: To compare the recurrence rate between the two techniques at six months. Secondary objectives: comparison of the safety profile and several procedure-related outcomes.
Patients and methods: This was a noninferiority, multicentric, open-label, randomized controlled trial of consecutive large (>20 mm) LFNPCLs without suspicious features of submucosal invasion.
Results: A total of 229 patients were randomized to receive CS-EMR (n=115) or EMR (n=114), with adenomas (76.4%) and a median size of 25 mm. The trial was stopped early by clinical consensus according to a safety monitoring board. At first surveillance colonoscopy (n=220) the recurrence rate (RR) was significantly greater in the CS-EMR group than in the EMR group: 33.0% vs. 16.2% (p=0.004) and 34.7% vs. 14.8% (p=0.001) in the ITT and PP analyses, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, the RR was significantly greater for LFNPCLs >30 mm (18.2% EMR vs. 43.1% CS-EMR). There was no difference in the rate of adverse events. The use of clips was more common in the EMR group (2.21 vs. 1.30).
Conclusions: Compared with the conventional hot technique, the RR of LFNPCL after CS-EMR was significantly greater. A similar safety profile was found between groups.
Numerical investigation of the flow-pressure characteristics in the vortex hydrogen circulating pump
Authors: Gong Zhen-Yu , Wu Tong , Fan Yong , Zhao Wen-Qiang , Leng Cheng-Lin , Li Hao , Li Ji-Qiang , Kwon Jeong-Tae , Li Ji-Chao
Published: February 2025

The hydrogen circulation pump is one of the core components of hydrogen cycle system. To solve the problem of low hydrogen density and the possibility of hydrogen leakage, a vortex hydrogen circulation pump is designed. Taking the three-dimensional flow field of the hydrogen circulation pump as the research object, the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical calculation model of the pump cavity flow field was established, and the internal flow field simulation calculation was performed to analyze the performance characteristics of the hydrogen circulation pump at different speeds and determine. To investigate the effects of flow rates of 80 L/min, 100 L/min, 120 L/min, 140 L/min, rotational speeds of 80 r/min, 100 r/min, 120 r/min, 140 r/min, and the number of vanes of 32, 36, and 40 on the internal flow field of the hydrogen circulating pump. It was found that when the rotational speed was maintained at 15 000 rpm, the flow rate interval was from 80 L/min to 120 L/min, and its pressure difference was always around 270 Pa; When the flow rate is guaranteed to be constant, change the speed of the rotor, the results show that the higher the speed, the higher the differ-ence in pressure between the inlet and outlet; When studying the effect of different number of vanes, the results show that the average static pressure is the most stable when the number of vanes is 36, and the static pressure is stable at 101 345 Pa, while the average value of static pressure is the largest when the number of vanes reaches 40. This work provides ideas for the research of hydrogen cycle system for fuel cells in the future.
Rank condition of relative controllability for linear quaternion differential equations with delay
Authors: Fu Teng , Liu Kui , Wang JinRong
Published: February 2025

We focus on the relative controllability of linear quaternion differential equations (LQDEs) with delay. By delayed quaternion matrix function, the rank condition of relative controllability is obtained without the restriction of permutation matrices. Then, we get the relationship of controllability between LQDEs and LQDEs with delay. Moreover, the control function is obtained. Finally, two examples are shown to verify the results.
First-principles insights into Bi2XO5 (X = Se, Te) monolayers as high-k gate dielectrics for 2D electronics
Authors: Liu Huan , Rao Lixiang , Qi Junjie , Tang Gang
Published: February 2025

Scaling silicon-based transistors to sub-ten-nanometer technology nodes presents significant challenges due to the difficult in achieving both atomic-scale thickness and excellent tunneling performance simultaneously. In this work, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate the dielectric properties of two recently reported van der Waals layered materials, Bi2SeO5 and Bi2TeO5. Our results reveal that Bi2SeO5 and Bi2TeO5 monolayers exhibit out-of-plane dielectric constant of 15.2 and 7.6, respectively, with in-plane dielectric constant reaching as high as 39.0 and 26.0. To evaluate their potential as gate dielectrics, we calculated the band offsets and equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOTs) of Bi2SeO5 and Bi2TeO5 monolayers. The results show that both materials exhibit favorable band offsets relative to silicon and transition-metal dichalcogenide channel materials, along with low EOT. Finally, we estimated the dielectric leakage current density utilizing Bi2SeO5 and Bi2TeO5 based on a p-doped silicon-channel transistor, predicting a low leakage current (<10−8 A cm−2). Our study provides theoretical insights into the potential application of bismuth selenite and bismuth tellurite monolayers as gate dielectrics in two-dimensional electronics.
Mechanical characteristics and multiscale modeling for colloidal magnetorheological fluids at high shear rates
Authors: Yu Miao , Li Shixu , Zou Wenkang , Fu Jie , Qi Song , Li Haitao
Published: February 2025

Colloidal magnetorheological fluid (CMRF) represents a novel magneto-sensitive smart material, which has the characteristics of high magneto-induced yield stress and non-settlement. The properties offered CMRF the ability to dissipate energy in an extremely short time, providing new ideas for intelligent energy absorption in high-speed crash and shock applications. High shear motion causes an increase in the Reynolds number, resulting in unpredictable rheological behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the magneto-mechanical coupling characteristic of CMRF in high shear rates and magnetic fields. To address the question, this work designed a coaxial cylindrical rheological testing device, which shear rate can achieve about 4.0 × 104 s−1. A series of experiments based on the testing device for polyurethane-based CMRF with different mass fractions and cross-linking degrees were carried out. An interesting phenomenon called “platform effect” was found, in which shear stress showed a trend of first rising, flatting, and slightly declining. To explain the magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism of the “platform effect” for CMRF, a multiscale model was established by combining the magnetic dipole theory and mathematical statistics method. The average error of shear stress between the experimental test and theory calculation is only 10.04%, which shows the model can explain the experimental phenomenon.
Preparation and evaluation of a methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC nanomaterial: A novel lidocaine delivery system
Authors: Mo Wan-Yi , Kong Jing-Ran , Dai Hang , Liu De-Cheng , Wang Yi-Min , Cheang Tuck Yun , Yao Hui , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC as a drug delivery nanocarrier and its impact on human immortalized keratinocytes, focusing on cytotoxicity, migration inhibition, and drug-loading efficiency. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and the inhibition of cell migration were analyzed using a scratch assay. Furthermore, the drug-loading efficiency of the nanoparticles was quantified. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited dimensions under 50 nm, with an optimal size of ∼10 nm for efficient drug loading. The zeta potential was −24.33 ± 2.654 mV. The drug-loading capacity was 226.618 35 µg LDC/mg nanoparticle material. FTIR revealed an interaction between lidocaine and the nanospheres. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the nanomaterial suppressed the cell cycle progression. In addition, the nanomaterial exhibited a notable inhibition of cell migration, resulting in reduced migration efficiency compared with the control group. Thus, the methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC nanomaterial demonstrates considerable promise for drug delivery owing to its small particle size, efficient drug-loading capability, and potential to inhibit the proliferation and migration of human immortalized keratinocytes, suggesting its potential diverse biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy.
Particle size and splitting displacement on particle motion in dynamic water flow crack filling slurry
Authors: Nan Xuan , Qin Xiangrui , Wang Fuyu , Luo Shenghu , Zhang Jiafan , Li Guodong , Wang Lina
Published: February 2025

The fluid physical mechanism of particle size and crack opening affecting cement slurry flow and particle deposition in cracks was studied. Through the dynamic water grouting experiment and numerical simulation of mixed slurry, the verified model shows that compared with the smaller particle (0.03 mm), the larger particle (0.05 mm) increases the deposition amount in the grouting matrix by 34.8%. It is worth noting that the particle deposition concentration increases sharply when the splitting displacement is 1.25 and 2.5 mm. It can be intuitively shown that for 2 s, the particle settlement concentration increases by 69.8% and 81.5% when the splitting displacement is 1.25 mm and the non-splitting displacement is not 1.25 mm, respectively. It is further shown that the grouting flow accelerates when the crack width decreases, accompanied by the increase in turbulence intensity and the significant increase in the collision frequency between the particles and the crack wall. These effects cooperate and intensify the particle deposition in the crack under the combined action of particle size and crack width changes.