bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Perceptions: Westerners and Kenyans Facing Swahili Tangible Cultural Heritage. An Inquiry on Gede, Mnarani, and Jumba La Mtwana Ruins
Authors: Capriotti Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

The tangible heritage of the Kenyan coastal area between Malindi and Mombasa is mainly represented by ruins of urban settlements that date between the 10th and 18th centuries and are central to the formation of the Swahili culture. Very often, these archaeological sites feature contemporary snake parks, with reptiles displayed in Perspex boxes. As a result of suggestions in European and American guidebooks that strongly recommend visits as unforgettable, these sites are mostly visited by foreign tourists.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the perception of value of these coastal ruins, to understand how the current inhabitants approach the Swahili past, and with a focus on the relationship between identity and tangible culture. The first sources for this research are tourist guidebooks: how are the ruins presented in the international guides for tourists and in local guides for Kenyan citizens? What differences can we notice? In addition, during a long stay on the coast, we carried out a survey using a questionnaire as a supplementary tool to better understand the perception of the value of ruins among the local communities. The provisional outcomes show that only a small number of local inhabitants have visited the ruins and that, in general, they are not perceived as a fundamental trait of coastal identity. Why do the Mijikenda, the traditional inhabitants of this area, weakly identify themselves with the cultural/historical heritage of the stone towns? Are local societies fostering new connections with ruins and monuments that are present in the territories they inhabit? Is tangible cultural heritage used to support new interpretations of the past?
Progestagens in high-risk pregnancy. What we know today
Authors: Pedachenko N.Y. , Goncharuk N.P. , Chaikivska E.F. , Tatarchuk T.F. , Tutchenko T.M.
Published: October 2023

Miscarriage remains an important global problem: 23 million miscarriages are registered annually in the world, i.e. 44 pregnancy losses every minute, and the total risk of miscarriage is 15.3% of all pregnancies. Effective methods of pregnancy preservation (in case of idiopathic miscarriage and threatened miscarriage) include lifestyle modification and progestagen therapy. Progesterone is the main hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy.The effectiveness of progestogens among medical methods that increase the chances of pregnancy preservation has been proven by numerous studies. Effectiveness and safety of various types of progestogens during pregnancy have been studied. As a result, progesterone and dydrogesterone became the only progestogens approved for use in obstetrics – micronized progesterone and dydrogesterone reduce the frequency of miscarriage in women with clinical diagnoses of threatened miscarriage and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. In addition, the progestogens safety has been carefully studied in modern randomized studies, prospective trials and meta-analyses and the same safety profile of dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone for pregnant women and the fetus has been proven.Studies have shown that oral dydrogesterone has relatively low antagonistic activity at glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors compared to progesterone and therefore well tolerated. Oral dydrogesterone due to the peculiarities of structure has improved bioavailability compared to progesterone, which allows a woman to avoid the inconvenience and discomfort associated with the intravaginal or intramuscular use of progesterone. In addition, dydrogesterone has a 1.5 times higher affinity for progesterone receptors compared to micronized progesterone and a pronounced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effect, which provides certain clinical advantages for patients after recurrent pregnancy losses.Thus, progestogens are indicated for all patients with recurrent pregnancy losses from the moment of receiving a positive pregnancy test, as they reduce the risk of miscarriage. It is important that the use of progestagen drugs during the first and second trimester of pregnancy is not associated with side effects
Characteristics of changes in fetal doppler blood flow parameters in women with gestational hypertension at different stages of pregnancy
Authors: Podolskyi Vol. V. , Podolskyi V.V. , Znak V.M.
Published: October 2023

Research objectives: to determine the resistance index, pulsatile index and systolic-diastolic ratio in the fetal middle cerebral artery, fetal aorta and umbilical artery in women with gestational hypertension (GH).Materials and methods. The main group included 50 pregnant women with GH, the control group included 50 healthy pregnant women. Blood pressure level and ultrasound dopplerometric indicators of fetal blood flow were determined at the 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, and 40th weeks of pregnancy.Results. Changes in Doppler blood flow indicators in the umbilical artery in women of the main group were observed earlier than changes in these indicators in the fetal aorta, namely from the 30th week of pregnancy: the resistance index was 0.46 ± 0.08, the pulsatility index was 0.8 ± 0.23, the systolic-diastolic ratio was 2 ± 0.19, and in women of the control group these indicators were 0.69 ± 0.17, 1.46 ± 0.21 and 3 ± 0.33, respectively.At the 35th week of pregnancy, the trend towards a decrease in dopplerometric indicators of blood flow in the umbilical artery in women of the main group continued, the value of these indicators was: resistance index – 0.42 ± 0.09, pulsatility index – 0.68 ± 0.23, systolic diastolic ratio – 1.8 ± 0.16, and in women of the control group these indicators were 0.68 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.11 and 2.94 ± 0.24, respectively.The lowest Doppler parameters of blood flow in the umbilical artery in women of the main group were at 40th week: resistance index – 0.37 ± 0.07, pulsatility index – 0.63 ± 0.21, systolic-diastolic ratio – 1.6 ± 0.13, and in women of the control group these indicators were 0.67 ± 0.11, 1.4 ± 0.1, and 2.87 ± 0.21, respectively.Conclusions. Blood flow indicators in the aorta and umbilical arteries, as well as in the middle cerebral artery of the fetus in women with GH differ from such indicators in healthy women. Decreased blood flow may indicate a risk of hypoxia and neurological problems for fetus. Therefore, it is important to diagnose GH in time and monitor fetal blood flow indicators using ultrasound to prevent possible complications and preserve the fetus and mother health.
Diagnosis and treatment of iron‑deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Breymann C. , Honegger C. , Hоsli I. , Surbek D.
Published: October 2023

Iron deficiency occurs frequently in pregnancy and can be diagnosed by serum ferritin-level measurement (threshold value < 30 μg/L). Screening for iron-deficiency anemia is recommended in every pregnant women, and should be done by serum ferritin-level screening in the first trimester and regular hemoglobin checks at least once per trimester. In the case of iron deficiency with or without anaemia in pregnancy, oral iron therapy should be given as first-line treatment. In the case of severe iron-deficiency anemia, intolerance of oral iron, lack of response to oral iron, or in the case of a clinical need for rapid and efficient treatment of anaemia (e.g., advanced pregnancy), intravenous iron therapy should be administered. In the postpartum period, oral iron therapy should be administered for mild iron-deficiency anemia (haemorrhagic anemia), and intravenous iron therapy for moderately severe-to-severe anemia (Hb < 95 g/L). If there is an indication for intravenous iron therapy in pregnancy or postpartum, ironcontaining drugs which have been studied in well-controlled clinical trials in pregnancy and postpartum such as ferric carboxymaltose must be preferred for safety reasons. While anaphylactic reactions are extremely rare with non-dextrane products, close surveillance during administration is recommended for all intravenous iron products.
Features of mental and reproductive health, functional state of the organism of female military servicemen who suffered concussion during combat actions
Authors: Serbeniuk A.V.
Published: October 2023

Research objectives: establishing an association between the state of mental health, the functional state of body systems, clinical and anamnestic data on reproductive health in female combat participants who suffered a concussion.Material and methods. The study included 487 women of reproductive age who took part in hostilities and suffered a concussion and who were divided into 2 groups – the main group (211 women with post-concussion syndrome) and a comparison group (246 women without the post-concussion syndrome). The control group included 30 healthy civilian women of reproductive age without any trauma episodes in the anamnesis. Concussion symptoms were determined by Cicerone K.D., PCL, Wein, Spielberger – Hanin, Beck questionnaires.Results. The participants of the main group and the comparison group were comparable in terms of age, social status, anthropometric data, parameters of menstrual, ovulatory and reproductive functions, gynecological, somatic and infectious diseases. Patients with post-concussion syndrome have a duration of menstruation 1.07 times (p < 0.001) longer compared to women without post-concussion syndrome; painful menstruation in 1.47 times more often (p < 0.0001), heavy menstruation in 1.64 times (p < 0.003) more often. The infertility duration in patients with post-concussion syndrome is 1.29 times longer (p < 0.0001) compared to women without post-concussion syndrome. 69.27% of women who took part in hostilities and suffered a concussion have a history of ureaplasmosis or bacterial vaginosis: chlamydia and bacterial vaginosis occur in every third patient, ureaplasmosis in 41.61% patients. Chlamydia trachomatis is detected in patients with post-concussion syndrome 1.64 times (p < 0.0007) more often than in patients without this syndrome.Conclusions. Women who suffered concussions during hostilities have significant problems with physical and mental health due to the impact of brain injury and stress factors associated with military actions. Solving this problem requires the development of a comprehensive program that will include medical and psychological support for female military personnel and creation of high-quality medical and psychological rehabilitation of female veterans aimed at their full adaptation to peaceful life.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ МЕТОДІВ РЕБ ТА МЕТОДІВ І ЗАСОБІВ ЇЇ ПРОТИДІЇ
Authors: Опірський Іван , Бибик Роман
Published: October 2023

Радіоелектронна боротьба (РЕБ) - це процес захисту від радіоелектронних засобів противника, які можуть використовуватись для перешкоджання комунікацій, контролю та розвідки. В умовах сучасного ведення війни радіоелектронна боротьба має вирішальне значення для обох сторін конфлікту. Основними завданнями РЕБ є: дезорганізація управління військами противника; зниження ефективності ведення розвідки і застосування зброї і бойової техніки противника; забезпечення надійної роботи систем і засобів управління своїми військами і зброєю. У цій статті оглянуто сучасні методи РЕБ, їх технічні характеристики та ефективність. Досліджено різні типи засобів РЕБ, включаючи активні та пасивні системи, які використовуються для захисту від радіолокації. Розглянуто проблеми, пов'язані з використанням РЕБ військовими та цивільними організаціями. Наведено приклади сучасних методів та технологій РЕБ. Розглянуто способи, які застосовують для приховування об’єктів від виявлення радіолокаційних засобів противника. Також наведено приклади, що сучасних умовах РЕБ є важливою складовою частиною військової діяльності, оскільки забезпечує збереження власних життів та здоров'я воїнів, збереження та знищення техніки противника, а також виконання бойових завдань. Розглянуто основні методи та засоби протидії РЕБ. Для забезпечення функціонування електронних систем та інших пристроїв в умовах впливу радіосигналів використовуються різноманітні методи та засоби, такі як комплексний технічний контроль та маскування, захист від кібератак, системи захисту від електромагнітного імпульсу та використання резервних систем зв'язку та комунікації. Одним із важливих аспектів боротьби з РЕБ є комплексний технічний контроль та маскування, що передбачає використання екранів, що захищають від радіосигналів, та інших заходів для забезпечення безпеки електронних систем. Також важливою є протидія за допомогою спеціальних систем розвідки та контррозвідки для виявлення ворожих елементів електронної боротьби та їх локалізації. Ця стаття має на меті допомогти читачам зрозуміти складність та важливість РЕБ в сучасному світі та висвітлити найефективніші методи боротьби з радіоелектронними загрозами. Для підтримки дослідження була проведена широка аналіз літератури та статей, які надають інформацію про сучасні методи та засоби РЕБ та їх застосування.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ МАСКУВАННЯ ТРАФІКУ У СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ДАНИХ
Authors: Клімович Сергій
Published: October 2023

У зв'язку зі зростаючими загрозами в кібербезпеці, існує необхідність в розробці нових підходів (нової методології) маскування трафіку для уникнення виявлення та аналізу трафіку з боку несанкціонованих осіб. Маскування трафіку дозволяє приховувати характеристики переданих даних, такі як джерело, призначення, тип та об'єм, шлях та інші метадані, що надають змогу ідентифікувати та аналізувати комунікацію. Це може бути особливо корисним у випадках, коли необхідно зберегти приватність користувачів або запобігти виявленню конфіденційної інформації. Сучасні методи аналізу трафіку постійно вдосконалюються, тому виникає потреба в розвитку нових підходів до маскування у відповідності до змін в технологіях аналізу даних. Актуальність роботи пов’язана з тим, що дії адміністратора спеціалізованої мережі щодо забезпечення безпеки її функціонування спрямовані на розв’язання двох взаємопов’язаних завдань, а саме: забезпечення скритного функціонування мережі і виявлення фактів стороннього втручання (виявлення дій сторонніх осіб). Обидва завдання суворо регламентовані керівними документами, но кінцевий результат залежить від глибини розуміння посадовою особою існуючої проблеми, ступеня володіння методологією забезпечення безпеки функціонування спеціалізованої мережі, наявних матеріальних (в тому числі фінансових) засобів та наявного часового ресурсу. В роботі проведено аналіз існуючих підходів до забезпечення маскування трафіку в мережі, наведено алгоритми (варіанти програмної реалізації) механізмів маскування та виявлення факту маскування трафіку в спеціалізованій мережі передачі даних.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ БЕЗПЕКИ В ХМАРНИХ СЕРЕДОВИЩАХ ТА ВИРІШЕННЯ З ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ ПІДХОДУ “БЕЗПЕКА ЯК КОД”
Authors: Вахула Олександр , Опірський Іван
Published: October 2023

“Безпека як код”- це підхід організації безпеки в хмарних середовищах, який полягає на методі інтеграції контролів безпеки, політик та кращих практик безпосередньо в процеси розробки та розгортання програмного забезпечення. Процес інтеграції включає трансформацію вимог безпеки та конфігурацій в програмний код, який в свою чергу вважається невід’ємною частиною повного життєвого циклу розробки програмного забезпечення. Вбудовуванням мір безпеки в код, скріпти, шаблони та автоматизовані робочі процеси, організація забезпечує, що є чітко визначені контролі безпеки, які консистентно та примусово будуть застосовані на всіх операційних фазах створення програмного забезпечення (розробка, тестування, впровадження, підтримка). В даній статті розглянуто основні проблеми побудови безпеки в хмарних середовищах та їх причини, також розглядає складові та принципи підходу «Безпека як код”, приклад реалізації з поясненням, переваги даного підходу, а також роль DevSecOps. Ця стаття має на меті допомогти читачам зрозуміти важливість підходу “Безпека як код”, як одного з найефективніших методів організації безпеки в хмарних середовищах. Так, як хмарні середовища продовжують розвиватися та поширюватися, а загрози стають все більш складними, підхід “Безпека як код” являє собою основну стратегію для про-активного захисту цифрових активів. Ця публікація слугує посібником для розуміння, впровадження та отримання переваг від підходу “Безпеки як код”, надаючи уявлення про майбутній ландшафт безпеки хмарних середовищ та важливу роль автоматизації та інтеграції у вирішенні сучасних викликів безпеки. Для підтримки дослідження було проведена широкий аналіз літератури та статей, які надають інформацію про підхід “Безпека як код” та його застосування.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ОЦІНКИ СУМИ РИЗИКІВ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ
Authors: Гончар Сергій , Потенко Олександр
Published: October 2023

Для визначення економічної доцільності застосування і вибору тих чи інших заходів по обробці ризику проекту у цілому, включаючи як організаційні, так і технічні, необхідно здійснити оціночне порівняння вартості таких заходів з максимальною величиною збитків в результаті дії декількох ризиків. В роботі запропонована методологія оцінки суми ризиків кібербезпеки інформаційної системи об’єктів критичної інфраструктури. Запропонована у статті методологія базується на застосуванні методів розрахунку суми ризиків і обчислення комплексного ризику. На підставі запропонованої в даній статті методології представлено структурні рішення обчислювальних систем оцінки ризику кібербезпеки інформаційних систем, що реалізують методи розрахунку суми ризиків та обчислення комплексного ризику, а також побудовані програмні системи. Отримані результати можуть бути використані при визначенні ризику складного проекту (може бути складна інформаційна система), що характеризується наслідками при реалізації даного проекту і ймо­вірністю цих наслідків.
PROPER NAMES OF THE LITERARY HEROES IN THE PROSE ABOUT WAR - THE "FACE" OF THE LITERARY WORK
Authors: Vehesh A. I.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the proper names of the literary heroes, which are elements of creating images. Names in the literary text are attractive with their content, because behind a well-chosen name there is a person. It is known that the names of the characters largely determine the “face” of the literary work, so the authors put a certain value in the proper name of the literary hero.
The purpose of the study is the analysis of the proper names of the literary heroes that function in the novel “Saving March” by A. Kokotyukha, in the collection of short stories “After the 24th” by V. Ivchenko, and in the novel “Saving Eve” by N. Romanovska. Our task is to describe characteristic proper names of the literary heroes, to evaluate them; to prove that the character’s image and name are closely intertwined; to determine the motives for issuing call signs.
The objects of the study are anthroponyms used in the works of A. Kokotyukha, V. Ivchenko, and N. Romanovska. The subject of the research are the proper names of the literary heroes and their stylistic role. Research methods are determined by the specificity of onymic material, which requires a systematic approach and the use of the traditional descriptive method and its main techniques: observation, interpretation and generalization. The functional load of the proper names of the literary heroes is determined by the method of contextual analysis.
It has been proven that proper names of the literary heroes play an important role in the literary text, they carry information. It can be hidden in the pre-onym semantics of the basis of the anthroponym, in the author’s characteristic, it can be expressed in a whole series of different connotations.
In A. Kokotyukha’s novel, traditional surnames, names and their unofficial variants with significant characteristic potential are recorded.

Ivchenko’s stories are filled with nicknames (callsigns) of Ukrainian soldiers. Motives for the formation of nicknames have been clarified: from truncated surnames, names, professions, occupations, appearance, favorite heroes, funny situations, etc. Attention is drawn to the special manner of V. Ivchenko - the ability to give titles to his stories. In the headings there is a coding of the author’s idea.

From the novel by N. Romanovska, only the names of the main characters have come into view, who, in addition to a number of different functions, perform the most important one - symbolic.
The peculiarities of the creation of names indicate the position of the authors themselves and the individual characteristics of their thinking. The prospect of further investigations is the study of the proper names of the literary heroes and the titles that function in the works of modern authors.
NATIONALLY MARKED NOMINATIONS IN THE PROSE DISCOURSE BY OLGA KOBYLYANSKA
Authors: Boyeva E. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the national noun of Olga Kobylyanska’s prose works. Research objects, the space of the prose discourse of the Bukovyna writer. The subject of consideration of anthroponyms that represent national nouns in literary texts is their connotative and non-fulfilling functions. The purpose of the investigation is to demonstrate the connotative potential, the stylistic role and functional features nationally marked nominations, to illustrate their contrasting opposition in the general context of the writer’s work, to analyze the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of individual anthroponyms, to determine their functions, stylistic and expressive-potential. The descriptive4 and statistical method, as well as the method of stylistic analysis of artistic works, were used in the research process. The originality of nationally marked nominations is highlighted; their role in the development of the plot, the creation of the characters’ characters in the disclosure of the author’s idea is demonstrated. It was been proven that the proper names of the characters of representatives of different peoples are a bridge, an icon, a theme, a bright stylistic detail, a means of creating bright characteristics and building a plot. It was found that foreign proper names constitute a significant group of names in the artistic work of Olga Kobylyanska, they are an indicator of national and local flavor, contain social, ideological and other parameters and in many emphasize the extraordinary nature of the character. It is determined that the national index in the transparent disk of all craftsmen is an important color of the author’s palette. Olga Kobylyanska uses this technique to create broad national pictures using a certain set of nationally marked nominations and for individual inclusions in a specific text with the aim of accentuating this indicator or for contrasting demarcation of characters.
THE VISION OF STYLE WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE LITERARY GRAMMAR DISCOURSE
Authors: Liubetska V. V.
Published: October 2023

In the proposed article, we turn to one of the directions in modern academic theory of literature – literary grammar, which examines the literary text in the linguistic dimension. The purpose of the research is to indicate the features of this discourse and explain what the vision of style is within the limits of literary grammar. The object of research is the discourse of literary grammar; the subject of research is style in literary grammar. The following methods were used to realize research goal: information analysis method, synthesis method, descriptive method. Literary grammar, which strives for accuracy and specificity, is constituted on the border with linguistics. Signs and features of style are recognized in literary grammar as the construction of an artistic work, the scheme by which it is built. It motivates the certain «signs» of style appearance. The author of the article concludes that the concept of style within the limits of literary grammar is pre-aesthetic, as it reduces the sensual, as the internal form of plastic-painting component of the image. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to clarify the multiplicity of style concepts in their originality in modern literary theory and modern linguistics. The concept of «style» refers to one of the fundamental features of artistic creativity, which, firstly, determines the aesthetic value of a work and without which the emergence of artistic systems (literary schools, currents, trends) is impossible. There are different understandings of style. Some literary critics expand the meaning of this concept, bring it closer to the artistic method (I. F Volkov, O. V. Mykhaylov, P. O. Nikolaev, B. G. Reizov), while others, on the contrary, identify it with the writer’s individual handwriting concept (I. Kleiner, I. Yu. Podgaetska, P. M. Sakulin, L. Spitzer). Literary grammar objectifies the external form of the work, therefore it is distinguished by the interpretation of inner-textual relations depth. However, it cannot claim conclusions of an aesthetic or ontological nature. Elements of the external form of the work in this discourse are considered in isolation from its internal form and content. Literary grammar does not set itself the task of revealing the style of an artistic work as a unity of all moments of artistic form and content but helps to reveal the specificity one of the essential style components – the language of a literary and artistic work. The perspective of further research is to reveal the semantic content of the style category within the limits of various theoretical and literary discourses.
NEPOTISM AS A PHENOMENON OF UKRAINIAN INGUOMENTALITY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF RITUAL SONGS)
Authors: Yakovlieva O. V.
Published: October 2023

The presented research is dedicated to the study of the tradition of nepotism in various rituals of both ritual cycles: family and calendar. Taking into account the fact that there is no single point of view among historians, cultural scientists and ethnologists on the understanding of the origins of nepotism, we included in the analysis the texts of ritual songs, in particular, christening songs, which contain information about godfathers, attitudes towards them, characterized their moral qualities and relationships between them. The purpose of the study was to analyse the texts of folk songs, which reveal the ancient folk tradition of nepotism among Ukrainians. The object of our attention was the phenomenon of nepotism, that is, the presence of them in separate rituals of the family and calendar cycle. The subject was the characteristics of godparents and the relationship between them, the attitude towards the godparents of godchildren, etc. In the process of working with the texts of ritual songs, we used the methods of induction and synthesis, descriptive and comparative methods, as well as the method of contextual and interpretive analysis of folklore texts.
The etymology of the words kum and kuma confirms the information that most of the rites of the family cycle were purely female. Ethnographic materials testify to the importance and necessity of the presence of them in the christening ritual. After the christening ritual in the church, the organizers of the festive dinner could be both the parents of the newborn child and the godfather and godmother. At dinner, the main ones were the midwife and godparents, they were the ones who sang majestic songs. Taking into account the fact that the godfather and godmother were chosen for the child with the aim and the possibility of fully duplicating the duties of the biological parents in case of misfortune with the latter, in ancient times sexual relations between godfathers were not condemned, as between a real husband and wife. As a result of the research, we came to the following conclusions: the tradition of nepotism in family rites was primary; in calendar – secondary. Grooming in the broadest sense involved the establishment of family or blood relations; in a narrow way – duplication of married life in all its manifestations as a result of imitative magic, in which the ancestors believed. Godfathers were treated with great respect, even more than biological parents. Folk songs about godparents that have come down to our times record a later period when they were honoured and glorified, and intimate relationships between godparents were condemned.
RUTELA AS A TOOL FOR REVEALING THE POTENTIAL OF UKRAINIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN WHEN STUDYING GERMAN IN AUSTRIA
Authors: Vasylchenko O. G.
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the RUTELA project, within the framework of which criteria have been developed that determine the possibilities and potential of a child for the development of German written speech competence. The relevance of this topic is due to the situation, as a result of which more than 10,000 school-age children ended up in Austria and were forced to integrate into the Austrian school system, learn a new foreign language for the majority, and adapt to a new team and teachers.
The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of primary schoolchildren with Ukrainian as a native language based on the RUTELA working tool to determine the ability to produce written texts in German. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were completed: samples of written texts were collected in the classes of an elementary school in the city of Vienna in Ukrainian and German, analysis and interpretation of the data were carried out.
The object of the study is the early ability to write in German in elementary school children whose native language is Ukrainian. Identifying the potential of schoolchildren and using it to learn the German language is the subject of the research.
Samples of written texts in Ukrainian and German are the material of this study. Elicitation was used as a method, implying actions that encourage the subjects to a productive type of speech activity.
The presented study focuses on understanding the development of oral and written literacy in a multilingual environment according to the approach developed by Hans Reich, and also relies on the ELA (Early Literacy Acquisition) working tool, which determines the ability to produce written texts at an early age in Turkish and German.
As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was possible to establish discrepancies between the realized and actual written competence, as well as to determine the child’s potential for the production of written texts at an early age. The obtained results and their interpretation make it possible to draw up a child’s language profile that describes his abilities, as well as to develop didactic and methodological approaches to support learning both German and his native language.
Konceptualizacija pandemije covida-19 in njene jezikovne uresničitve v slovenščini, nemščini in madžarščini
Authors: FABČIČ MELANIJA LARISA , BERNJAK ELIZABETA
Published: October 2023

V prispevku predstavljamo konceptualizacijo pandemije koronavirusne bolezni in spremembe na leksikalni ravnini slovenskega, nemškega in madžarskega jezika, ki jih je sprožil globalni zunajjezikovni dejavnik, virus SARS-CoV-2. Koronavirus je drastično posegel na vsa področja našega življenja in družbe ter postal in ostal vse do danes osrednja tema vseh oblik komunikacije. »Okužil« je tudi jezik, ki ga govorimo in v katerem mislimo. Epidemiološke službe dajejo priporočila, vlade pa sprejemajo ukrepe za preprečevanje in zajezitev okužb z novim virusom. Mnogi politiki, zdravstveni strokovnjaki in mediji uporabljajo pri tem militaristično, katastrofično in apokaliptično retoriko, kar v ljudeh vzbuja strah pred neznanim, nevidnim virusom, dvom o njegovem obstoju in negotovost zaradi posledic bolezni, ki ga povzroča. Negotovost in dvom poglabljajo tudi teorije zarot, dezinformacije in lažne novice o covidu-19, infodemija. V novi realnosti se je spremenilo tudi to, kako pandemično situacijo konceptualiziramo in kako jo jezikovno realiziramo. Priča smo bolj ali manj pričakovanega metaforičnega uokvirjanja diskurza o covidu-19.
Pisker ali lonec, je to sploh vprašanje? Prekmurski jezik iz sociolingvistične perspektive
Authors: NEĆAK LÜK ALBINA
Published: October 2023

Prispevek se navezuje na besedilo projekta Prekmurski pisker. Oziraje se na znano dihotomijo jezik: govor (langue: parole) razgrinja vidike sociolingvistično pogojene izbire in rabe jezika(ov) in zvrsti (narečij, sociolektov, idiolektov) v vsakdanjem sporazumevanju. Prikazuje komunikacijske priložnosti, v katerih je primerna oz. prevladuje ena ali druga zvrst. Opozori na razmerja moči med različnimi jezikovnimi različicami, med standardom/knjižnim jezikom in narečji.  Ob tem spregovori o vlogi jezikovnih ideologij ter o jezikovnem kapitalu kot enem od dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na položaj človeka na družbeni lestvici. Podane teoretične iztočnice so ponazorjene s primeri iz pretekle in sočasne izkušnje prekmurščine v stiku z visokima jezikovnima zvrstema, madžarsko in slovensko.
ATHENA Research Book, Volume 2
Authors: Györkös József , Blonder Ron , Delouis Anne Friderike , Javornik Jana , Petridis Konstantinos
Published: October 2023

The ATHENA European University is an alliance of nine Higher Education Institutions with the mission of fostering excellence in research and innovation by facilitating international cooperation. The ATHENA acronym stands for Advanced Technologies in Higher Education Alliance. The partner institutions are from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, and Slovenia: the University of Orléans, the University of Siegen, the Hellenic Mediterranean University, the Niccolò Cusano University, the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, and the University of Maribor. In 2022, two institutions joined the alliance: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University from Poland and University of Vigo from Spain. Also in 2022, an institution from Austria joined the alliance as an associate member: Carinthia University of Applied Sciences. This research book presents a selection of the ATHENA university partners' research activities. It incorporates an overview of the research activities of each member, a selection of the most relevant bibliographic works of the members, peer-reviewed student papers, a descriptive list of the ATHENA Talks and reports from the individual work packages of the ATHENA project. The ATHENA Research Book provides a platform that promotes joint and interdisciplinary research projects of both advanced and early-career researchers.
Prawda arystotelesowska w procesie administracyjnym i sądowoadministracyjnym
Authors: Gontarski Waldemar
Published: October 2023

The contemporary truth reconstructed in a trial reflects differences between the Aristotelian truth in terms of its essence and criterion (material truth – veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus – ad Aristotle, The Metaphysics IV.7.[1011b 26-27])- and its practical realisation (objective truth – in medio stat veritas – ad Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics II.7.[1108a 19–20]). In a non-adversarial processes – such as the Polish criminal trial - as opposed to the Anglo-Saxon one - the Polish administrative procedure (an administrative court has only a controlling function, not a reformative one and does not ascertain facts on its own) or separate proceedings in the Polish civil procedure – the court is expressis verbis obliged to reconstruct the objective truth (i.e. the truth which can be ascertained by a man meeting the diligentia boni patris familias standard) and not the material truth. Nonetheless, if the judicial truth understood in this way (the truth ascertained by the court; if the court does not demonstrate an evidential initiative, then it will not ascertain the truth, but it will merely assess the reliability of the evidence submitted as in the Anglo-American criminal trial) will differ from the material truth, it can act as a statutory premise to resume the proceedings. That is, generally speaking, the main difference between the inquisitorial and the adversarial models.
Prawda w procesie karnym
Authors: Izydorczyk Jacek
Published: October 2023

The article Truth in criminal trial points out great importance of facts in every criminal procedure. The author presents a new look at some legal regulations in Poland. For example he strongly criticizes laws (and practice!) which forbid disclosure of a criminal’s personal data. It is just unfair towards decent citizens because they might be future victims of such criminals. By the way: veritatem sequi est tueri iustitiam.
Dążenie do poznania prawdy w procesie cywilnym
Authors: Jankowski Janusz
Published: October 2023

In the literature and jurisprudence there are distinguished two opposite principles ruling over revealing the truth: a material truth principle (objective) and a formal truth principle (procedural). In the proceedings based on the material truth principle, judicial decisions in the matter of the actual state should reflect the reality. The judge aims to clarify all circumstances essential to solve a case in order to reveal a really existing legal relation bounding both parties to litigation. On the other hand, in proceedings based on the formal truth principle, judicial decisions in the matter of the actual state should only reflect the factual material and evidence gathered by the parties. In the study there is presented an evolution of norms and doctrinal opinions in the matter of the endeavor to establish the truth in civil proceedings connected with amendments to the Civil Procedure Code in 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2012.
Sytuacja gospodarcza w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej – analiza porównawcza
Authors: Grabia Tomasz
Published: October 2023

Grupa Wyszehradzka powstała w 1991 roku jako nieformalne stowarzyszenie trzech krajów Europy
Środkowej i Wschodniej – Polski, Czechosłowacji i Węgier. Głównym celem stowarzyszenia
było rozwijanie współpracy między tymi krajami. Dotyczyło to zarówno kwestii gospodarczych, jak
i przystąpienia do Unii Europejskiej i NATO. Od podziału Czechosłowacji (styczeń 1993 r.) do Grupy
Wyszehradzkiej należą cztery państwa: Polska, Węgry, Czechy i Słowacja. Celem niniejszego artykułu
jest przedstawienie i porównanie sytuacji gospodarczej w tych krajach w latach 2001–2012.
Artykuł składa się z wprowadzenia i trzech części zatytułowanych: Materiały i metodyka badań,
Wyniki badań oraz Podsumowanie i wnioski. W części zasadniczej (Wyniki badań) zanalizowano
i porównano najważniejsze wskaźniki makroekonomiczne, tj.: PKB per capita, stopę wzrostu gospodarczego,
stopę inflacji, zmiany zatrudnienia, stopę bezrobocia, wskaźnik długu publicznego
oraz bilans obrotów bieżących i kurs walutowy.
Struktura popytu na usługi ubezpieczeniowe w Polsce (w oparciu o badania własne)
Authors: Ratowska-Dziobiak Eleonora
Published: October 2023

Postępujący proces globalizacji istotnie wpływa na strukturę polskiego rynku ubezpieczeń oraz na
procesy innowacyjne, jakie się na nim dokonują. Celem artykułu jest ocena zmian – zachodzących
w tym segmencie rynku finansowego – z punktu widzenia klientów firm ubezpieczeniowych
i współpracujących z nimi banków. Wnioski na temat stosunku konsumentów do rozszerzonej oferty
usług ubezpieczeniowych wyprowadzono w oparciu o zebrany materiał badawczy (m. in. poprzez
wywiady eksperckie z przedstawicielami dyrekcji czołowych ubezpieczycieli obecnych na polskim
rynku oraz badania fokusowe).
W myśl współczesnych teorii marketingu dystrybucja traktowana jest jako synonim komfortu dla
klienta. Zdaniem rozmówców autorki kompleksowa obsługa nabywcy, lepiej dostosowana do jego
potrzeb, stała się standardem. Dostarczenie produktów w odpowiedniej formie, we właściwym
miejscu, po dogodnej cenie przekłada się na większą atrakcyjność oferty danego podmiotu w stosunku
do wachlarza usług rywalizujących z nim instytucji.
The Motif of Arboreal Metamorphosis in the Neo-Latin Pastoral. The Case Study of Jacopo Sannazaro’s Salices and Pierre-Daniel Huet’s Vitis
Authors: Górka Elżbieta
Published: October 2023

The aim of this article is to analyse two examples of the motif of arboreal metamorphosis in the Neo-Latin bucolic, present in the poems by Jacopo Sannazaro (Salices) and Pierre-Daniel Huet (Vitis). In Salices, nymphs ﬂeeing from the deities are transformed into willows, repeting the fate of Ovid’s Daphne, Syrinx and the Heliades. In Vitis the poet creates a story about a nymph, named Vitis, on the basis of the love story of the satyr Ampelos and Dionysus. For betraying Bacchus, she is turned into a vine and her lover Ulmus into an elm. Their fate is similar to Ovid’s Myrrha and Philemon and Baucis. In the history of Vitis, particularly in the description of the lovers’ metamorphosis, one can see borrowings from Sannazaro. Both bucolic poems are linked by the ambiguity of the ontological status of the newly created plants. They diﬀer in their moral interpretation of metamorphosis. The turning of the nymphs into trees can be understood as some kind of punishment for the rape that had been committed on them. On the other hand, Vitis, who committed treachery, is in fact rewarded and by the will of Jupiter she remains united with her lover forever.
Using Machine Learning to Create a Property Tax Roll: Evidence from the City of Kananga, D.R. Congo
Authors: Bergeron Augustin , Fournier Arnaud , Kabeya John Kabeya , Tourek Gabriel , Weigel Jonathan L.
Published: October 2023

Developing countries often lack the financial resources to provide public goods. Property taxation has been identified as a promising source of local revenue, because it is relatively efficient, captures growth in real estate value, and can be progressive. However, many low-income countries do not collect property taxes effectively due to missing or incomplete property tax rolls. We use machine learning and computer vision models to construct a property tax roll in a large Congolese city. To train the algorithm and predict the value of all properties in the city, we rely on the value of 1,654 randomly chosen properties assessed by government land surveyors during in-person property appraisal visits, and property characteristics from administrative data or extracted from property photographs. The best machine learning algorithm, trained on property characteristics from administrative data, achieves a cross-validated R2 of 60 per cent, and 22 per cent of the predicted values are within 20 per cent of the target value. The computer vision algorithms, trained on property picture features, perform less well, with only 9 per cent of the predicted values within 20 per cent of the target value for the best algorithm. We interpret the results as suggesting that simple machine learning methods can be used to construct a property tax roll, even in a context where information about properties is limited and the government can only collect a small number of property values using in-person property appraisal visits.
Personality, Behavior, and Performance of Platform Workers: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors:   IAGBT, j j , j j
Published: October 2023

Purpose - Based on personality - job fit theory (Kristof-Brown, 2006) and social exchange theory (Blau, 2017) we explaine evidence of the relationship between proactive personality, proactive feedback seeking behavior, and the job performance of platform workers. We also examine the moderating role of perceived organizational support in relationship between proactive personality and feedback seeking behavior and job autonomy as a moderating role between the proactive feedback seeking behavior and job performance of platform workers.
Design/Methodology/Approach - This study follows structural equation modeling following a partial least square method on a sample group of 171 platform workers selected by convenient random sampling techniques and analyzed by SmarlPLS 4.0 to test research hypotheses.
Findings - Research findings show that proactive personality plays an important role in promoting proactive behavior seeking feedback and job performance, and affirms the positive moderating role of perceived platform support between feedback seeking behavior and proactive personality. The study also confirmed that proactive feedback seeking behavior has a direct and indirect impact on the performance of platform workers, and this relationship is further strengthened in conditions of highly autonomous work.
Research Implications - Some implications of human resource management on digital labor platforms are also proposed to improve the efficiency of human resource management.
Does CEO Power Affect the Relations between CEO Compensation and Risk-Taking?
Authors:   IAGBT, j j , j j , j j
Published: October 2023

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of incentive compensation and CEO power on a firm’s risk-taking behavior, leveraging stock return volatility and earnings volatility as the key indicators of risk-taking.
Design/Methodology/Approach - A comprehensive analysis is conducted using data from 1,958 U.S. firms over a 28-year period (1992- 2019). The study employ both ordinary least square (OLS) regression and two-stage least square (2SLS) regression for analysis. Pay-volatility sensitivity (PVS) and CEO-pay slice (CPS) are used as proxies for incentive compensation and CEO power, respectively.
Findings - The findings offer solid empirical proof that PVS and CPS have a negative influence on both earnings volatility and stock return volatility. Furthermore, the detrimental effect of PVS on managerial risk-taking is significantly more pronounced for CEOs with lower CPS compared with those with higher CPS. While incentive compensation appears to deter CEOs from embracing higher risks, CEOs with more power are less risk-averse when offered incentive compensation compared to their less powerful counterparts.
Research Implications - This study significantly contributes to existing literature by revealing the interactive effects between CEO power and incentive compensation on a firm’s risk-taking behavior. Understanding these dynamics is pivotal as it offers a nuanced view of how CEO compensation structures and power hierarchies within a firm influence its risk-taking propensity, which is critical for both firm performance and broader financial stability considerations. The insights derived from this analysis can inform more balanced executive compensation structures and governance models that ensure an optimal level of risk-taking.
The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Impact on the Food Security of Korea, China, and Japan: A CGE Approach
Authors:   IAGBT, j j , j j
Published: October 2023

Purpose - In 2021, Ukraine and Russia exported 12% and 17% of global wheat, being significant grain producers and exporters. However, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine greatly impacts Ukraine’s wheat production and trade. In this regard, this study examines the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on global food security using the computable general equilibrium approach.
Design/Methodology/Approach - We utilized the global multi-sector standard GTAP model, specifically the GTAP Database Version 11, with a base year of 2017. For this research purpose, the original 160 regions and 65 sectors of the GTAP database were aggregated into 23 regions and 24 sectors. Due to the uncertain nature of the conflict duration between Russia and Ukraine, we designed three scenarios: Slight, Medium, and Severe. Each scenario represents varying degrees of wheat production, trade disruption, and an increase in wheat production by third producers for shocks.
Findings - The study reveals several effects: real GDP decreases for Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, India, and Georgia, while countries like Egypt, Turkey, Azerbaijan, India, Korea, and Japan experience diminished economic welfare. Russia’s invasion can affect wheat imports of countries like Turkey, India, Mongolia, and Egypt. Ukraine, Egypt, Turkey, and India registered trade surpluses, while others recorded deficits
Research Implications - The ongoing conflict complicates assessing long-term consequences on global food security. Policymakers are advised to monitor closely, implement strategies to mitigate disruptions, and foster international collaboration to alleviate adverse effects on trade, economies, and food security, particularly of nations heavily reliant on Ukraine’s wheat exports, like Egypt, Turkey, Mongolia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.