bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O humor contra Vargas: desenhos comunistas do período da campanha eleitoral ao suicídio (1950-1954)
Authors: Tavares Rodrigo Rodriguez
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as charges e caricaturas sobre Getúlio Vargas publicadas pela imprensa comunista no período compreendido entre a campanha eleitoral de Vargas e seu suicídio (1950-1954), incluindo a reação dos comunistas a esse ato dramático. As imagens da imprensa partidária são usualmente relegadas a segundo plano pela historiografia, mas também expressam a ideologia do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) e sua leitura da realidade política nacional. Nesse sentido, os personagens presentes nos desenhos e sua caracterização são fontes importantes para a compreensão da leitura comunista de Getúlio Vargas e o contexto daquela época. Palavras-chave: Vargas, Getúlio, 1883-1954; Partido Comunista Brasileiro; Caricatura; Imprensa – Brasil.
El humorismo como uno de los mecanismos unificadores para el pueblo en la época del socialismo real en Polonia
Authors: Wilk-Racieska Joanna
Published: November 2016

Se define el humorismo como un modo de presentar, enjuiciar o comentar la realidad, resaltando el lado cómico o ridículo de las cosas en diferentes situaciones y con distintos objetivos. Al pueblo polaco, el humor siempre le ha servido como una herramienta más para enfrentar la realidad en momentos difíciles de su historia. En el presente estudio trabajamos con la hipótesis de que en la época del llamado socialismo real en Polonia el pueblo polaco utilizaba el humorismo como una de las formas más importantes de resistencia al sistema, así como para mantener la autoestima y el sentido común ante unos tiempos verdaderamente absurdos. Partiendo de que el socialismo es una ideología que aboga por la igualdad de derechos, oportunidades y felicidad y de que el socialismo real, por su parte, los niega en su totalidad a los ciudadanos, organizaremos nuestro estudio sirviéndonos de la Pirámide de Necesidades de Maslow. Palabras clave: Humor; Dictadura; Socialismo Real; Pirámide de Necesidades; Polonia.
Raul Pederneiras viajante: as transformações da década de 1920 através do livro Nós pelas costas: notas soltas de um caderno de viagem
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Krause
Published: November 2016

Este artigo analisa a obra de Raul Pederneiras, Nós pelas costas: notas soltas de um caderno de viagens, objetivando demonstrar como o seu autor, figura célebre do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX, quase chegando aos cinquenta anos de idade e em meio à crise da belle époque carioca, ressignificou o seu Rio de Janeiro, através da sua viagem à Europa entre os anos de 1927 e 1928, utilizando para tal a ótica do humor. Partimos da hipótese de que Raul Pederneiras não foi somente fazer uma viagem como observador da sociedade e das cidades europeias, mas também foi procurar nas suas capitais, notadamente Paris e Roma, explicações para as transformações políticas e intelectuais da década de 1920, como as diversas alternativas de modernidade, a crise da política da Primeira República brasileira e a ascensão dos regimes autoritários na Europa. Nesse caso, consideramos que a viagem de Raul Pederneiras foi uma experiência política na urbe, apresentada ao público através de um exercício da escrita de si. Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro – História; PEDERNEIRAS, Raul Paranhos  - 1874-1953 – Autobiografia; Humor, Narrativas.
Coletâneas de charges da imprensa sindical: fontes visuais para uma história a contrapelo
Authors: Miani Rozinaldo Antonio
Published: November 2016

A história do Brasil pode ser apresentada ou interpretada com o auxílio de diversas fontes históricas. Dentre essas fontes, em geral, a produção comunicativa tem ganhado cada vez mais relevância na produção historiográfica. Nesse sentido, destacamos as charges no contexto da imprensa sindical brasileira, que, em nossos estudos, ocupam posição central como produto comunicativo e fonte histórica. Desde o final da década de 1970, com o ressurgimento do movimento sindical sob a égide de um “novo sindicalismo”, a charge tem sido utilizada como importante estratégia comunicativa reveladora dos mais amplos e notórios processos políticos. A compilação de conjuntos de charges em coletâneas tem contribuído para oferecer um rico material de pesquisa, promovendo a disponibilização de fontes históricas alternativas para a produção historiográfica. Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar as coletâneas de charges produzidas no contexto da imprensa sindical, caracterizando-as como fontes históricas para a produção de uma análise da história a contrapelo. Palavras-chave: Charge; Imprensa Sindical; Fonte Histórica; Fonte Visual; Estratégia Comunicativa.
Humor e liberdades: um breve ensaio sobre ser Charlie
Authors: Liebel Vinícius
Published: November 2016

A violência perpetrada por alguns grupos fundamentalistas islâmicos nos últimos anos, em especial o assassinato dos chargistas franceses do Charlie Hebdo, no início de 2015, trazem à tona questionamentos nas sociedades ocidentais acerca da natureza de seu sistema econômico, de sua inserção global, da democracia e, particularmente, das liberdades. Este artigo toma algumas das charges de Maomé publicadas no jornal dinamarquês Jyllands-Posten, em 2005, e no jornal francês Charlie Hebdo, em 2012, e explora seu humor, sua violência e as reações que suscitaram. As breves reflexões resultantes da análise desses casos nos levam a uma discussão acerca da tradição “ocidental” da sátira, sobre a liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão, além da própria ideia de democracia. São observadas teorias de autores clássicos, como Montesquieu e Stuart Mill, além de autores contemporâneos que pensaram as liberdades democráticas, como John Rawls e Pierre Rosanvallon, situando esse pertinente debate da contemporaneidade na longa duração. Este breve ensaio promove o debate acerca dos limites do humor, em especial em sua relação com religiões e com a política na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chave: Humor; Liberdade; Democracia; Caricaturas e Desenhos Humorísticos, Maomé.
Es pot naturalitzar la intencionalitat?
Authors: Artiga Marc
Published: November 2016

English Title: "Can Intentionality Be Naturalized?"Resum: La intencionalitat és un element central en la nostra comprensió del món. Diàriament atribuïm estats intencionals (com ara creences, desitjos o percepcions) per a poder explicar el comportament d’altres agents, i moltes teories filosòfiques hi apel·len per a entendre altres nocions més complexes. Tanmateix, els estats intencionals són entitats enigmàtiques. Aquest article explica què és la intencionalitat i per què és tan important i problemàtica alhora. En segon lloc, examina diverses teories naturalistes que intenten mostrar que la intencionalitat és compatible amb una visió científica del món. Finalment, com que totes les propostes existents s’enfronten a dificultats significatives, s’exploren les opcions disponibles en cas que cap dels projectes naturalistes pugui reeixir. Abstract: Intentionality is a central feature of our understanding of the world. We daily attribute intentional states (like beliefs, desires or perceptual states) to explain the behavior of other agents, and many theories appeal to them to understand more complex notions. Nonetheless, intentional states are puzzling entities. This article explains what intentionality is and why it is so important and problematic at the same time. Secondly, it examines various naturalistic theories, which seek to show that intentionality is compatible with a scientific worldview. Finally, given that all extant proposals face significant difficulties, it explores the available options in case no naturalistic theory can succeed. Paraules clau: representació, funció, explicació, biologia, ciència cognitiva. Keywords: representation, function, explanation, biology, cognitive science.
Introducció: El debat entre W.K. Clifford i William James
Authors: Oya Alberto
Published: November 2016

English Title:"Introduction: The debate between W.K. Clifford and William James" Introducció al debat entre Cliiford i James i a la traducció dels seus articles "L'ètica de la creença" i "La voluntat de creure".
Efficiency and Equity Performance of a Coordinated Ramp Metering Algorithm
Authors: Li Duo , Ranjitkar Prakash , Zhao Yifei
Published: November 2016

Ramp metering (RM) has been widely applied due to its effectiveness in improving motorway traffic conditions by limiting inflow from on-ramps. A great deal of experimental and simulation-based studies have proven system-wide benefits of motorways from RM. Benefits attributed to RM in the literature include reducing travel times, increasing motorway throughputs and decreasing fuel consumption and emissions. However, RM benefits might be costing more some motorway users, e.g. some on-ramp users might be experiencing longer delay than others, which leads to an unfair allocation of RM benefits. This paper presents a coordinated ramp metering strategy, which is aimed at reducing the inequity among motorway users using different on-ramps and investigates trade-offs between efficiency and equity for the proposed strategy. Total travel time is used to measure the efficiency while Gini coefficient is used to measure equity. A combined index is proposed incorporating the two measures to serve as an objective function to solve the bi-objective control design problem. The performance of the proposed strategy is verified by comparing it to a well-established coordinated ramp metering strategy HERO using micro-simulationsoftware AIMSUN. Simulation results revealed that the equity of the motorway system can be improved significantly by using the proposed strategy without compromising much on the efficiency of the system.
Assessment Methodology of Interior Aircraft Noise Influence on Pilot Performance and Temporary Threshold Shift
Authors: Ivošević Jurica , Bucak Tino , Sumpor Davor
Published: November 2016

Previous studies have shown that the impact of interior aircraft noise on pilot performance was not unambiguous, neither there was any unanimous methodology used for measuring it. Furthermore, the cumulative character of noise was never taken into account. This research proposes a methodology that aims to determine the impact of accumulated general aviation aircraft interior noise on pilot performance in laboratory conditions. The assessment of the aircraft interior noise influence on Temporary Threshold Shift is integrated as well, enabling extended research of all aspects of the physiological noise impact on pilots. Methodology defines measurable noise and pilot performance parameters in general aviation, equipment requirements, necessary laboratory conditions and subject selection criteria. The analysis of the deviation from the specified flight parameters along with Temporary Threshold Shift values at different accumulated noise doses is carried out. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics, visualization methods and linear mixed effects models with False Discovery Rate as the method for correction for multiple testing which allows the determination of the potential population effect.
Functional asymmetry and electron flow in the bovine respirasome
Authors: Sousa Joana S , Mills Deryck J , Vonck Janet , Kühlbrandt Werner
Published: November 2016

Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We determined the structure of supercomplex I1III2IV1 from bovine heart mitochondria by cryo-EM at 9 Å resolution. Most protein-protein contacts between complex I, III and IV in the membrane are mediated by supernumerary subunits. Of the two Rieske iron-sulfur cluster domains in the complex III dimer, one is resolved, indicating that this domain is immobile and unable to transfer electrons. The central position of the active complex III monomer between complex I and IV in the respirasome is optimal for accepting reduced quinone from complex I over a short diffusion distance of 11 nm, and delivering reduced cytochrome c to complex IV. The functional asymmetry of complex III provides strong evidence for directed electron flow from complex I to complex IV through the active complex III monomer in the mammalian supercomplex.
Study of spatial profiles of capacitively coupled VHF H2 plasma by simulation
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Chiu Kuo-Feng , Ogiwara Kohei , Su Li-Wen , Uchino Kiichiro , Kawai Yoshinobu
Published: November 2016

The spatial profiles of a VHF H2 plasma (60 MHz) for different discharge gap distances were examined at pressures of 66.7 and 133.3 Pa by two-dimensional simulations using the plasma hybrid code. The electron density had a peak profile, and the maximum density depended on both the discharge gap distance and the pressure. A high-electron-density plasma with a low-electron temperature of approximately 1 eV was predicted by simulation at discharge gap distances of 15 and 20 mm. The plasma potential profile was composed of a plateau at the center and sharp slopes at the two sides. The axial profiles of the H+, H2
+, and H3
+ densities were calculated for the discharge gap distances of 10, 15, and 20 mm. It was found that the dominant ion species was H3
+ except near the discharge electrode and the H2
+ density near the discharge electrode was not negligible compared with the H3
+ density at 66.7 Pa.
Low self-concept in poor readers: prevalence, heterogeneity, and risk
Authors: McArthur Genevieve , Castles Anne , Kohnen Saskia , Banales Erin
Published: November 2016

There is evidence that poor readers are at increased risk for various types of low self-concept—particularly academic self-concept. However, this evidence ignores the heterogeneous nature of poor readers, and hence the likelihood that not all poor readers have low self-concept. The aim of this study was to better understandwhich types of poor readers have low self-concept.We tested 77 children with poor reading for their age for four types of self-concept, four types of reading, three types of spoken language, and two types of attention. We found that poor readers with poor attention had low academic self-concept, while poor readers with poor spoken language had low general self-concept in addition to low academic self-concept. In contrast, poor readers with typical spoken language and attention did not have low self-concept of any type. We also discovered that academic self-concept was reliably associated with reading and receptive spoken vocabulary, and that general self-concept was reliably associated with spoken vocabulary. These outcomes suggest that poor readers with multiple impairments in reading, language, and attention are at higher risk for low academic and general self-concept, and hence need to be assessed for self-concept in clinical practice. Our results also highlight the need for further investigation into the heterogeneous nature of self-concept in poor readers.
Modern deposition rates and patterns of organic carbon burial in Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Ramirez Michael T. , Allison Mead A. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Cui Xingqian , Savage Candida , Schüller Susanne E. , Smith Richard W. , Vetter Lael
Published: November 2016

Fjords are disproportionately important for global organic carbon (OC) burial relative to their spatial extent and may be important in sequestering atmospheric CO2, providing a negative climate feedback. Within fjords, multiple locally variable delivery mechanisms control mineral sediment deposition, which in turn modulates OC burial. Sediment and OC sources in Fiordland, New Zealand, include terrigenous input at fjord heads, sediment reworking over fjord‐mouth sills, and landslide events from steep fjord walls. Box cores were analyzed for sedimentary texture, sediment accumulation rate, and OC content to evaluate the relative importance of each delivery mechanism. Sediment accumulation was up to 3.4 mm/yr in proximal and distal fjord areas, with lower rates in medial reaches. X‐radiograph and 210Pb stratigraphy indicate mass wasting and surface‐sediment bioturbation throughout the fjords. Sediment accumulation rates are inversely correlated with %OC. Spatial heterogeneity in sediment depositional processes and rates is important when evaluating OC burial within fjords.
Properties of hot electrons in the Jovian inner magnetosphere deduced from extended observations of the Io Plasma Torus
Authors: Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yoshioka Kazuo , Murakami Go , Suzuki Fumiharu , Hikida Reina , Yamazaki Atsushi , Kimura Tomoki , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kagitani Masato , Sakanoi Takeshi , Uemizu Kazunori , Tao Chihiro , Nozawa Hiromasa , Kasaba Yasumasa , Fujimoto Masaki
Published: November 2016

One of the focal points of interest in Jovian magnetospheric physics is the transport of energy and particles into the inner region. While an explosive energy release event in the midmagnetosphere is manifested as an aurora transient, its connection to the inner part has not been investigated due to sparsity of observations. Here we take the advantage of long‐term and quasi‐continuous simultaneous monitoring of the polar aurora and the Io Plasma Torus (IPT) located in the inner magnetosphere by Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics/Hisaki. Studies on temporal characteristics over hours enable us to see slow (~10 h) coupling between the middle and inner magnetosphere as well as to quantify the temperature of hot electrons in the IPT. We derive parameters that characterize the strong particle acceleration process.
Can plant–natural enemy communication withstand disruption by biotic and abiotic factors?
Authors: Clavijo McCormick Andrea
Published: November 2016

The attraction of natural enemies towards herbivore‐induced plant volatiles is a well‐documented phenomenon. However, the majority of published studies are carried under optimal water and nutrient regimes and with just one herbivore. But what happens when additional levels of ecological complexity are added? Does the presence of a second herbivore, microorganisms, and abiotic stress interfere with plant–natural enemy communication? or is communication stable enough to withstand disruption by additional biotic and abiotic factors?

Investigating the effects of these additional levels of ecological complexity is key to understanding the stability of tritrophic interactions in natural ecosystems and may aid to forecast the impact of environmental disturbances on these, especially in climate change scenarios, which are often associated with modifications in plant and arthropod species distribution and increased levels of abiotic stress.

This review explores the literature on natural enemy attraction to herbivore‐induced volatiles when, besides herbivory, plants are challenged by additional biotic and abiotic factors.

The aim of this review was to establish the impact of different biotic and abiotic factors on plant–natural enemy communication and to highlight critical aspects to guide future research efforts.
Strategies trees use to overcome seasonal water limitation in an agroforestry system in semiarid West Africa
Authors: Bargués Tobella A. , Hasselquist N.J. , Bazié H.R. , Nyberg G. , Laudon H. , Bayala J. , Ilstedt U.
Published: November 2016

Agroforestry parklands, in which annual crops are grown under scattered mature trees, constitute the most prevalent farming system in semiarid West Africa, covering vast areas of land. The most dominant tree species in these systems is Vitellaria paradoxa, an indigenous tree to West Africa. Despite the importance of this tree in the region, no study to our knowledge has examined its sources and patterns of water uptake. In this study, we used oxygen stable isotopes at natural abundance levels to investigate water sources used by V. paradoxa both in the dry and wet season in an agroforestry parkland in Burkina Faso. We found that during the wet season soil moisture was highest near the soil surface (<10 cm depth), yet during this time V. paradoxa preferentially accessed water from slightly deeper soil depths, obtaining ca. 90% of its water from 10 to 50 cm depth. In contrast, soil moisture in the upper soil layers was significantly lower during the dry season and as a result V. paradoxa shifted to deeper water sources, obtaining ca. 30% of its water from groundwater and ca. 50% from 30 to 600 cm depth. We also found a negative relationship between tree size and the contribution of groundwater during the dry season, whereas during the wet season V. paradoxa predominantly used water near the soil surface regardless of tree size. Knowledge about the sources and patterns of tree water uptake provides crucial information to better understand how trees influence the local water balance.
Tracing the energy footprints of Indonesian manufacturing industry
Authors: Vivadinar Yales , Purwanto Widodo W. , Saputra Asep H.
Published: November 2016

The low energy efficiency is the source of the large energy consumption issue and the rapid growth of energy demand in the manufacturing industry sector in Indonesia. The driving forces behind the low energy efficiency situation in this sector are both economic and efficiency factors. The objective of this study is to generate the map of the energy flow in the manufacturing industry sector to investigate the energy utilization in the industrial process. The data sample that represents 80% of energy consumption in the manufacturing sector is used to generate this map. The generated map shows the heating system is the largest energy consumer among all energy equipment and as the primary source of the energy losses. Additionally, we found the industry groups such as sugar, cement, pulp and paper, and textile use enormous amounts of energy as their source for the heating system; meanwhile, the industries such as basic chemical, metal, and textile are the largest electricity consumers for their motor‐driven machinery. The energy flow analysis together with the comparison of the Specific Energy Consumption shows the areas that should be the focus for further energy conservation measures. Recommended measures are also discussed.
Euromind‐: A Density Estimate of Monthly Gross Domestic Product for the Euro Area
Authors: Proietti Tommaso , Marczak Martyna , Mazzi Gianluigi
Published: November 2016

EuroMInd‐
is a density estimate of monthly gross domestic product (GDP) constructed according to a bottom‐up approach, pooling the density estimates of 11 GDP components, by output and expenditure type. The components' density estimates are obtained from a medium‐size dynamic factor model handling mixed frequencies of observation and ragged‐edged data structures. They reflect both parameter and filtering uncertainty and are obtained by implementing a bootstrap algorithm for simulating from the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters, and conditional simulation filters for simulating from the predictive distribution of GDP. Both algorithms process the data sequentially as they become available in real time. The GDP density estimates for the output and expenditure approach are combined using alternative weighting schemes and evaluated with different tests based on the probability integral transform and by applying scoring rules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference values of cardiac ventricular structure and function by steady‐state free‐procession MRI at 3.0T in healthy adult chinese volunteers
Authors: Lei Xiaolin , Liu Hong , Han Yuchi , Cheng Wei , Sun Jiayu , Luo Yong , Yang Dan , Dong Yang , Chung Yiochu , Chen Yucheng
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To establish normal reference values of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) dimension, volume, mass, and ejection fraction in a Chinese population using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods

A total of 120 (60 males; 60 females; 23–83 years) healthy Han Chinese subjects without cardiovascular disease or risk factors were recruited. They underwent comprehensive MRI examination at 3.0T. LV/RV morphology and function were evaluated by steady‐state free‐procession (SSFP) sequence. Parameters were analyzed according to a standard postprocessing protocol.

Results

Significant differences in LV size, mass, volume, and ejection fraction (EF) between sexes were noted (all P < 0.05). After indexing using body surface area (BSA), LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV), and LV mass index were greater in males than in females (76.5 vs. 68.7 mL/m, P < 0.001; 52.9 vs. 45.1 g/m, P < 0.001; respectively). LVEF was lower in males than in females (64.6% vs. 67.1%, P = 0.007, respectively). RV volume was higher and RVEF lower in males compared with females (75.3 vs. 62.7 mL/m, P < 0.001; 59.9% vs. 62.6%, P = 0.001, respectively). Age was associated significantly with indices of LV and RV volume in females (left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index: r = −0.41 P = 0.001; left ventricular end‐systolic volume index: r = −0.37 P = 0.004; left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index: r = −0.53 P < 0.001; right ventricular end‐systolic volume index: r = −0.43 P < 0.001), but not in males (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion

These data suggest that sex and age affect ventricular parameters in healthy Han Chinese subjects without cardiovascular disease or risk factors.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1684–1692
Diffusion‐weighted imaging helps differentiate multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica‐related acute optic neuritis
Authors: Wan Hailin , He Huijin , Zhang Fang , Sha Yan , Tian Guohong
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO)‐related acute optic neuritis (ON) patients and predict their optic nerve atrophy of optic coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.

Materials and Methods

Nineteen MS and 15 NMO‐related acute ON patients who underwent a diffusion‐weighted imaging sequence in 3.0 Tesla MR scanner and a follow‐up OCT examination after 6 months were included. The ADC values, thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) between MS and NMO related ON were assessed.

Results

The mean ADC value of the NMO‐ON, (0.691 ± 0.195[SD]) × 10−3 mm2/s, was significantly smaller (P = 0.0133) than that of MS‐ON. The mean ADC value of MS‐ON, (0.879 ± 0.144) × 10−3 mm2/s, was significantly smaller (P < 0.0001) than that of control group, (1.025 ± 0.067) × 10−3 mm2/s. Using an ADC value smaller than 0.830 × 10−3 mm2/s as the threshold value for differentiating MS‐ON from NMO‐ON patients, the highest accuracy of 76.7%, with 75.0% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity, was obtained. The ADC value measured at the acute stage of ON was correlated with the thickness of the RNFL (r = 0.441; P = 0.006) and the GCC (r = 0.526; P < 0.0001) after 6 months.

Conclusion

The ADC value might be helpful for differentiating MS‐ON from NMO‐ON patients. The decreased ADC value was correlated with optic nerve atrophy on OCT.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1780–1785
Spatio‐temporal precipitation climatology over complex terrain using a censored additive regression model
Authors: Stauffer Reto , Mayr Georg J. , Messner Jakob W. , Umlauf Nikolaus , Zeileis Achim
Published: November 2016

Flexible spatio‐temporal models are widely used to create reliable and accurate estimates for precipitation climatologies. Most models are based on square root transformed monthly or annual means, where a normal distribution seems to be appropriate. This assumption becomes invalid on a daily time scale as the observations involve large fractions of zero observations and are limited to non‐negative values.

We develop a novel spatio‐temporal model to estimate the full climatological distribution of precipitation on a daily time scale over complex terrain using a left‐censored normal distribution. The results demonstrate that the new method is able to account for the non‐normal distribution and the large fraction of zero observations. The new climatology provides the full climatological distribution on a very high spatial and temporal resolution, and is competitive with, or even outperforms existing methods, even for arbitrary locations.
Quality assessment of dried okara as a source of production of gluten‐free flour
Authors: Ostermann‐Porcel María V , Rinaldoni Ana N , Rodriguez‐Furlán Laura T , Campderrós Mercedes E
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Okara is a by‐product of soymilk and of tofu elaboration that is rich in protein, fiber and vegetable oils as a source of gluten‐free flour. In order to take advantage of the nutritional characteristics of okara and to be able to determine an appropriate drying methodology, microwave, rotary dryer and freeze‐drying were assessed. Furthermore, flour with an enzymatic treatment was characterized as well as its functional, physicochemical, and textural properties.

RESULTS

The results showed that the physiochemical characteristics of the flour were affected by the drying process, reaching adequate water content, and high protein and fiber content. The freeze‐drying process produced clearer flours with porous structure and high water absorption capacity, and with a higher protein denaturation. Okara dried by microwave and rotary dryer exhibited a denser structure with similar functional properties and improved textural characteristics such as firmness and consistency. The microwave‐produced flour was darker due to the non‐enzymatic browning reactions. The enzymatic treatment employed improved the consistency of the flour.

CONCLUSION

It was possible to choose the drying process to be applied according to the feasible use of the flour, intended to preserve the favorable nutritional aspects of the okara flour. Based on the results, it can be affirmed that the physicochemical properties and attributes of okara are influenced by the drying process employed. Okara dried by freeze‐drying resulted in a better product because it had a low final moisture content and the highest whiteness index. The flour presented a porous structure with high solubility, which is an indicator of potential applications in foods developments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors of survival in posterior cricoid squamous cell carcinoma: A study of 248 cases
Authors: Din Hassieb A. , Zhan Kevin Y. , Boling Caitlin , Nguyen Shaun , Lentsch Eric J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives

We aimed to describe the presentation, treatment patterns, and survival characteristics of posterior cricoid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Methods

We reviewed the NCDB from 2004 to 2013. Primary, previously untreated cases of posterior cricoid SCC were studied. Cox regression analysis was performed to look for prognostic factors.

Results

Out of 14,416 hypopharyngeal malignancies, 269 (1.8%) posterior cricoid tumors were identified, of which 248 (92.2%) were SCC. Mean age at diagnosis was 65 years (range 20–90+). Most patients were Caucasian (74.7%) and male (77.1%). By presentation, 58% were classified as clinical stage tumor (cT) 3 or cT4 to cT4 disease and 57.4% were clinical node (cN) +. Radiation (RT) alone was the most common form of treatment (32.1%), followed by chemoradiation (CRT) (31.7%) and surgery plus RT (7.4%). Overall 5‐ and 10‐year survival was 25% and 19%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors include overall clinical stage III to IV (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.82], P = 0.011), clinical nodal disease (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.10–2.15], P = 0.012), and Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score > 1 (HR 1.94 [95% CI 1.14–3.29], P = 0.014) on univariate analysis.

Conclusion

Posterior cricoid SCCs are rare hypopharyngeal malignancies with a poor prognosis. They typically present at late stage with nodal metastasis and are most commonly treated nonsurgically with primary RT or CRT. Increasing clinical stage, comorbidity, and nodal disease are associated with worse survival.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:1093–1096, 2017
Voice outcome and voice‐related quality of life after surgery for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Pullens Bas , Hakkesteegt Marieke , Hoeve Hans , Timmerman Marieke , Joosten Koen
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the long‐term outcome of voice quality and voice‐related quality of life after open airway surgery for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Children under the age of 18 years at time of follow‐up and with a history of open airway surgery for acquired laryngotracheal stenosis were included in this analysis. To assess voice‐related quality of life, the pediatric voice handicap (pVHI) index was completed by the patients' parents. The dysphonia severity index (DSI) was used as an objective measurement for voice quality.

Results

Fifty‐five parents completed the pVHI, and 38 children completed the DSI. This showed high pVHI values and low total DSI scores, indicating significant voice disturbance. After multivariate analysis, the presence of comorbidities and glottic involvement of the stenosis are associated with poor long‐term voice‐related quality of life.

Conclusion

Significant voice disturbance is common after surgery for pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis. Glottic involvement of the stenosis and comorbidities is associated with poor voice‐related quality of life. Evaluation of pre‐ and postoperative voice quality and voice‐related quality of life is advised for children treated for laryngotracheal stenosis.

Level of Evidence

2B. Laryngoscope, 127:1707–1711, 2017
Interior local null controllability of one‐dimensional compressible flow near a constant steady state
Authors: Mitra Debanjana , Ramaswamy Mythily , Renardy Michael
Published: November 2016

We consider the one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions, with initial conditions in a small neighborhood of a state of uniform density and uniform nonzero velocity. We prove that, with a control given only by a body force localized in a subinterval, we can steer the system to uniform density and velocity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on the 3D‐printed plastic parts and predicting the mechanical properties using artificial neural networks
Authors: Bayraktar Ömer , Uzun Gültekin , Çakiroğlu Ramazan , Guldas Abdulmecit
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed plastic parts fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). For this purpose, a 3D printer named KASAME was designed and built by the researchers. The test samples were fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA). The experiments were conducted using three melt temperatures (190°C, 205°C, and 220°C), four layer thickness values (0.06 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.19 mm, and 0.35 mm), and three raster pattern orientations (+45°/−45° [the crisscross pattern], horizontal and vertical). Tensile strength tests were performed to determine tensile strength values of the samples and fracture surfaces were also analyzed. Using artificial neural networks, a mathematical model for the tensile test results was generated corresponding to the raster pattern employed in 3D fabrication. Tensile strength tests indicated that melt temperature, layer thickness, and raster pattern orientation had a significant effect on the tensile strengths of the samples. According to the result of the experiment, the maximum average tensile strength values were observed for the samples fabricated using the crisscross raster pattern. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) table shows the raster pattern (PCR) value of 48.68% was obtained with the highest degree of influence. With respect to R2, the best performing artificial neural network model, with test and training values of 0.999199 and 0.999997, respectively, was observed to be the crisscross raster pattern. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic action as switch of bulk to surface degradation of clicked gelatin‐based networks
Authors: Piluso Susanna , Lendlein Andreas , Neffe Axel T.
Published: November 2016

Polymer degradation occurs under physiological conditions in vitro and in vivo, especially when bonds susceptible to hydrolysis are present in the polymer. Understanding of the degradation mechanism, changes of material properties over time, and overall rate of degradation is a necessary prerequisite for the knowledge‐based design of polymers with applications in biomedicine. Here, hydrolytic degradation studies of gelatin‐based networks synthesized by copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction are reported, which were performed with or without addition of an enzyme. In all cases, networks with a stilbene as crosslinker proofed to be more resistant to degradation than when an octyl diazide was used. Without addition of an enzyme, the rate of degradation was ruled by the crosslinking density of the network and proceeded via a bulk degradation mechanism. Addition of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase resulted in a much enhanced rate of degradation, which furthermore occurred via surface erosion. The mesh size of the hydrogels (>7 nm) was in all cases larger than the hydrodynamic radius of the enzyme (4.5 nm) so that even in very hydrophilic networks with large mesh size enzymes may be used to induce a fast surface degradation mechanism. This observation is of general interest when designing hydrogels to be applied in the presence of enzymes, as the degradation mechanism and material performance are closely interlinked. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material limits of multicrystalline silicon from state‐of‐the‐art photoluminescence imaging techniques
Authors: Schindler Florian , Giesecke Johannes , Michl Bernhard , Schön Jonas , Krenckel Patricia , Riepe Stephan , Warta Wilhelm , Schubert Martin C.
Published: November 2016

This work reports on state‐of‐the‐art silicon material characterization by calibrated photoluminescence (PL) imaging. PL imaging techniques allow for a characterization of a large variety of material properties, ranging from bulk and surface recombination properties of bare silicon ingots, to crystal structure, dopant concentration, and bulk lifetime of silicon wafers up to material limiting impurities. In combination with solar cell simulations, injection‐dependent PL imaging of processed wafers provides a method for determining the material's efficiency potential. In this contribution, we present two methods for imaging the concentration of interstitial iron at passivated silicon slices and at unpassivated silicon ingots. The latter is achieved by our latest progress in PL‐based charge carrier bulk lifetime measurements with highest sensitivity, giving access to the bulk recombination properties of the ingot. Additionally, we present an improved analysis of specific loss mechanisms in silicon based on de‐smeared injection‐dependent lifetime images of processed wafers, which is demonstrated on the example of the bulk‐related efficiency limitations in n‐type high‐performance multicrystalline silicon. This latest progress rounds off the established techniques, enhancing the potential of PL‐based imaging techniques for a comprehensive assessment of silicon material quality, from limitations in bare silicon ingots to efficiency loss mechanisms in processed samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient ring signature schemes over NTRU Lattices
Authors: Zhang YanHua , Hu Yupu , Xie Jia , Jiang Mingming
Published: November 2016

Two ring signature schemes over number theory research unit (NTRU) lattices are presented. The first scheme constructed in the random oracle model is an extension of Ducas, Lyubashevsky, and Prest's identity‐based encryption scheme over NTRU lattices (in Asiacrypt 2014). Moreover, motivated by Boyen's lattice mixing and vanishing trapdoors (in PKC 2010), the second scheme in the standard model is achieved. Under the chosen‐message attack, our new constructions are proved strongly existentially unforgeable, and the security can be reduced to the hardness of NTRU lattices. Compared with the existing lattice‐based ring signatures, our schemes are more efficient and with shorter signature length. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Logic of Expansion in Natural Language
Authors: Morrill Glyn , Valentín Oriol
Published: November 2016

We consider, for intuitionistic categorial grammar, an iteration modality with a rule of Mingle and an infinitary left rule, similar to infinitary action logic. Newly, we give Curry-Howard labelling for the iteration modality, in terms of lists, and we prove soundness and completeness of displacement calculus with additives and this modality, for phase semantics. This result has as a corollary semantic Cut-elimination. We review linguistic application of the iteration modality to unbounded addicity iterated coordination, and we present an application of a calibrated version of the iteration modality to an unbounded addicity respectively construction, this being to our knowledge the first account of respectively taking care of cases $$n>2$$

n
>
2

.
XMG 2: Describing Description Languages
Authors: Petitjean Simon , Duchier Denys , Parmentier Yannick
Published: November 2016

This paper introduces XMG 2, a modular and extensible tool for various linguistic description tasks. Based on the notion of meta-compilation (that is, compilation of compilers), XMG 2 reuses the main concepts underlying XMG, namely logic programming and constraint satisfaction, to generate on-demand XMG-like compilers by assembling elementary units called bricks. This brick-based definition of compilers permits users to design description languages in a highly flexible way. In particular, it makes it possible to support several levels of linguistic description (e.g. syntax, morphology) within a single description language. XMG 2 aims to offer means for users to easily define description languages that fit as much as possible the linguistic intuition.
Strong and Weak Quantifiers in Focused NL$$_{\text {CL}}$$
Authors: Kokke Wen
Published: November 2016

We propose an improvement of Barker and Shan’s [4] NL$$_{\text {CL}}$$

CL

for which derivability is decidable, which has a normal-form for proof search, can analyse scope islands, and distinguish between strong and weak quantifiers.
Engineering the leucine biosynthetic pathway for isoamyl alcohol overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yuan Jifeng , Mishra Pranjul , Ching Chi Bun
Published: November 2016

Isoamyl alcohol can be used not only as a biofuel, but also as a precursor for various chemicals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae inherently produces a small amount of isoamyl alcohol via the leucine degradation pathway, but the yield is very low. In the current study, several strategies were devised to overproduce isoamyl alcohol in budding yeast. The engineered yeast cells with the cytosolic isoamyl alcohol biosynthetic pathway produced significantly higher amounts of isobutanol over isoamyl alcohol, suggesting that the majority of the metabolic flux was diverted to the isobutanol biosynthesis due to the broad substrate specificity of Ehrlich pathway enzymes. To channel the key intermediate 2-ketosiovalerate (KIV) towards α-IPM biosynthesis, we introduced an artificial protein scaffold to pull dihydroxyacid dehydratase and α-IPM synthase into the close proximity, and the resulting strain yielded more than twofold improvement of isoamyl alcohol. The best isoamyl alcohol producer yielded 522.76 ± 38.88 mg/L isoamyl alcohol, together with 540.30 ± 48.26 mg/L isobutanol and 82.56 ± 8.22 mg/L 2-methyl-1-butanol. To our best knowledge, our work represents the first study to bypass the native compartmentalized α-IPM biosynthesis pathway for the isoamyl alcohol overproduction in budding yeast. More importantly, artificial protein scaffold based on the feature of quaternary structure of enzymes would be useful in improving the catalytic efficiency and the product specificity of other enzymatic reactions.
Comportements alimentaires au Néolithique : nouveaux résultats dans le Bassin parisien à partir de l'étude isotopique (δ13C, δ15N) de la nécropole de Gurgy « Les Noisats » (Yonne, Vemillénaire av. J.-C.)
Authors: Rey L. , Goude G. , Rottier S.
Published: November 2016

Les comportements alimentaires de la population néolithique de Gurgy « Les Noisats » (Yonne, Vemillénaire av. J.-C.) sont étudiés à travers l'analyse des ratios isotopiques du collagène osseux de 40 sujets. Cette nécropole correspond à l'une des plus importantes du Néolithique français : elle compte 126 inhumations primaires sur une période d'occupation de près d'un millénaire. Au cœur d'une région située à l'intersection entre plusieurs cultures, la grande diversité des dispositifs funéraires et du mobilier atteste des multiples influences alentour. Les résultats isotopiques (δ13C et δ15N) des humains comparés à la faune régionale soulignent l'importance des protéines animales issues de l'élevage (viande ou produits laitiers) — voire de poissons d'eau douce — dans le régime alimentaire. La très faible variation des valeurs enregistrée au sein de la population montre une grande homogénéité, rarement mise en évidence pour cette période, indiquant la consommation de ressources similaires pour l'ensemble des individus étudiés. La comparaison de ces données avec les paramètres biologiques et funéraires dégage toutefois quelques tendances, notamment en fonction de l'âge et du sexe des défunts, ainsi que de la chronologie.
A survey on biomarker identification based on molecular networks
Authors: Zhu Guanghui , Zhao Xing‐Ming , Wu Jun
Published: November 2016

Background

Identifying biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and prognosis of diseases is important for the prevention of disease development. The molecular networks that describe the functional relationships among molecules provide a global view of the complex biological systems. With the molecular networks, the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases can be unveiled, which helps identify biomarkers in a systematic way.

Results

In this survey, we report the recent progress on identifying biomarkers based on the topology of molecular networks, and we categorize those biomarkers into three groups, including node biomarkers, edge biomarkers and network biomarkers. These distinct types of biomarkers can be detected under different conditions depending on the data available.

Conclusions

The biomarkers identified based on molecular networks can provide more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The pros and cons of different types of biomarkers as well as future directions to improve the methods for identifying biomarkers are also discussed.
Consumer Communities Do Well, But Will They Do Good? A Study of Participation in Distributed Computing Projects
Authors: Thompson Scott A. , Kim Molan , Loveland James M. , Lacey Russell , Castro Iana A.
Published: November 2016

Brand communities and corporate social responsibility have been touted for their ability to both generate significant equity for their brands and strong bonds among community members. However, the reciprocal capacity of these brands to mobilize their followers to engage in prosocial behavior, while very promising, has been largely ignored by researchers and practitioners alike. Given the untapped potential of product aficionados, who are said to possess considerable knowledge, expertise, and engagement, this lack of research and managerial guidance is somewhat perplexing. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a longitudinal investigation of two brand communities and one non-brand based product category community drawn from five years of data from a scientific crowdsourcing project aimed at curing medical diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and AIDS. Employing a hazard modeling approach, we find that contrary to conventional wisdom, brand community participation reduces the likelihood of joining, while participation in a non-brand based product category community increases the likelihood of joining, a prosocial distributed computing project. Furthermore, willingness to help fellow community members plays an important role in the likelihood to join. These findings provide important insights for firms seeking to engage product category and brand communities in prosocial causes.