bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two of the Binary Stellar Evolution Formation Channels
Authors: Yin Zhihan
Published: March 2023

More and more exo-stellar systems are being discovered step-by-step, including a type of system that is made up of two stellar, which is the binary stellar system, and the evolution of the binary stellar systems is also a field in the spotlight. Furthermore, there were gradually increasingly gravitational waves being detected in recent years, which led to more developed models of outer space objects. Following the topic of Binary Stellar Evolution Formation Channels, this article majorly discusses the models of binary stellar evolution formation channels as the results of the analysis of the data of gravitational wave detections. Accompanying, this study also included the analysis of gravitational wave detecting methods and results. Not surprisingly, there are still many remaining problems, thus the relevant currently remaining problems and the related future directions are also presented in the article. To sum up, this paper aims to give more specific explanations of the binary stellar evolution and sheds light on guiding further exploration for this topic.
Demonstration and Implementation of Quantum Computing in Cryptanalysis
Authors: Zhao Yiran
Published: March 2023

Quantum computing has long been a hot topic in both fields of physics and computer science. As a matter of fact, most of the earliest quantum algorithms are related to cryptology on account of its potential advantage over conventional computers. In this paper, Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm, a linear cryptanalysis method performing on quantum computers, is selected as a typical algorithm to demonstration and implementation of the quantum computing in cryptanalysis. To be specific, this study analyzes the method itself, and realizes the method with Qiskit so as to compare it with conventional methods. With the comparison, the superiority of quantum computing in certain fields as well as some current disadvantages to be dealt with are clarified. Thus, it is hoped to present the huge potential of quantum computing in its processing ability and its property of superposition beginning with the field of cryptanalysis. Besides, a direction of future improvement of the technology is also proposed. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of quantum computing.
Comparisons of Different Gamma Ray Generation Scenarios
Authors: Lei Lifang
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, gamma photons have been implemented in various application on account of its unique features. In this paper, the basic physical properties of gamma ray are introduced with its advantages and disadvantages in multidisciplinary applications. For the sake of comparison so as to find the most efficient way to generate the gamma rays, the advanced schemes are selected to estimate. To be specific, the historical developments including the discovery of gamma ray and its explanation in the framework of Compton’s Effect are discussed in detail. In addition, the prevalent mechanisms behind artificially-produced gamma-ray are covered and demonstrated, among which the free- electron laser (FEL) and the laser-plasma interactions based on the state-of-art high power laser systems are compared with respect to the properties of the gamma-rays produced. According to the analysis, the resourced input, and their respective advantages in the evolution of gamma-ray production industry are evaluated. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of gamma ray generation based on various scenarios.
Comparison of the Quantum and Conventional Algorithms: Evidence from Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Chen Kai
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, with the slow-down development speed of classical computing, quantum computing is becoming the focus of research as a replacing technique. It is a well-known approach that can offer exponential speed-up for a certain type of calculation issues based on the state-of-art optical facilities and techniques. In this paper, the development of quantum computing will be briefly introduced firstly. Subsequently, this paper will demonstrate the principle of different types of quantum algorithms as well as the realization scenarios. Afterward, the similarities, as well as differences between the conventional algorithms and the quantum algorithms in the genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm, will be compared and analyzed. Based on the analysis, it is obvious that quantum algorithms are more powerful in solving specific problems compared with conventional algorithms, where the speed is much quicker than the traditional approaches. According to the results, it’s necessary to study the practical application of quantum algorithms. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of quantum algorithms.
Using Oil and Lithium Carbonate to Predict New Energy Vehicle Sales in China by Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Wang Yilin
Published: March 2023

Recently, a heated discussion has been centered on new energy vehicles, with derivative topics such as the violent rise and new height of oil price and also lithium price, the technical development, and sales volume of Lithium batteries, the rising price of new energy vehicles, and so on. As the new energy vehicle has been expected as one of the most important measures to protect the environment and save traditional fuel energy, it is crucial to accurately understand and explain how the price and import volume of oil and Lithium carbonate impact the sales of new energy vehicle in China and the relationships between each factor, based on linear regression analysis. In this paper, the output of Lithium batteries represents the sales of new energy vehicles in China. The result reveals that the price and import volume of oil and Lithium carbonate all have significant linear relationships with the output of Lithium batteries in China, while the most influential factor is Lithium carbonate price and the weakest factor is Oil import volume. Moreover, these factors interact with each other obviously when they affect the output of Lithium batteries together. The above results of the research provide a theoretical reference for relevant policies to slightly adjust the price of oil and lithium, for companies to modify sales strategies and for consumers to take action to accommodate the general trend of prosperous development of the new energy vehicle industry.
Comparison Of Formation, Atmosphere and Habitability for Mercury and Venus
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhao
Published: March 2023

The solar system has very strong relationship with human. All the factors in it creates the distinctive circumstances for all life on Earth to survive. This study picks two planets in the solar system, i.e., Mercury and Venus, to discuss and compare on three features from the perspective of formation, atmosphere and habitability. According to the analysis, either planet is suitable for life’s existence or human’s residence based on the state-of-art techniques. To be specific, Mercury’s formation is still a problem to be solved while Venus’ is much clearer. Venus’ thicker atmosphere contains CO2, N2 and sulfuric chemicals as well as PH3, an indicator for the improbable life. Mercury’s atmosphere is rather poor, but is important partly because it can offer information of the planet’s formation. This article can help beginners obtain an understanding about two planets’ features in three aspects and aid students on similar topics. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of solar system.
Complex Functions and Residue Theorem
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Ting , Yao Sixing
Published: March 2023

The features and connections of the mappings between complex number fields are thoroughly and methodically summarized and inferred by the complex function.The functional relationship of the mapping between the fields of complex numbers is the subject of study. A complex function uses a complex number as both its independent and dependent variable. The remainder theorem generalizes both the Cauchy's integral theorem and the Cauchy's integral formula. Numerous complex calculations are resolved by the theory of Complex functions and Residue theorem, which has a wide range of applications. This article begins by defining ideas and formulas, demonstrating how formulas connect to concepts, and outlining the procedure and approaches used by mathematicians when working with formulas. The current aspect and the signal aspect are two of the most intimate relationships between Complex Functions and daily living.
The Fun of Complex Numbers
Authors: Yao Qi
Published: March 2023

By studying the chapter on complex numbers, one found that they are very different from real numbers. Complex numbers can solve problems that cannot be solved by real numbers, such as computation, geometry problems in the complex plane, etc. In this article one will introduce the basic operations of complex numbers, complex conjugates, algebraic and trigonometric forms of complex numbers and their transformations. And how to find the roots of complex numbers is something that one will cover in the text. When one talk about these knowledge points, one will combine the title to help one better explain and readers' understanding. Before writing this article, one read a lot of literature, which helped one learn more knowledge and made one more aware of complex numbers. Therefore, in this article, one will also refer to the literature one refer to and cite them.
The Application of Complex Variables Function and Residue Theorem
Authors: Hu Tingwei , Lan Keyu , Lin Hao , Wu Siufeng
Published: March 2023

The history of complex function can be dated back to about 18 century when Euler came up with two equations derived from integrals of complex function. Over the age, mathematicians have been trying to explore and discuss more in this mysterious field, and this new branch gradually became prevalent in the 19 century mathematics like when calculus ruled the 18 century mathematics. In particular, the concept of residue was invented and became an important part in complex function, being applied in some special types of real integral. Also it is a generalization of Cauchy integral theorem and Cauchy integral formula. Nowadays, the area of complex function is filled with crystallization of the wisdom of countless scholars and researchers, and the precious mathematical treasure can also meet the needs of other academic areas like physics and biology. Summarizing the various approaches and examples of application in fields of mathematics and others can be a valuable topic. In this paper, the history of application and some examples for references of complex functions, and introduce the main concepts and formulas about them will be briefly discussed, including the area of complex numbers, analytic function, and residue. There are some relationships between some of the applications to be dig out and considerable real-world problems, and they are supposed to the generalization of those subjects can provide certain enlightenment to people interested in or during the study in fields of complex function.
Perspective Of Vision, Motion Planning, And Motion Control for Quadruped Robots
Authors: Liu Zhanming , Xu Mingyuan , Zhang Yuanpei
Published: March 2023

In recent years, robot technology has made great progress, especially quadruped robots. Quadruped robot is a bionic robot that imitates the movement of quadruped animals. For quadruped machines in complex environments, our group first investigate the control of quadruped robots in complex situations. It is found that the current quadruped robots can achieve better motion control under various complex conditions, but there are still limitations. Its structure includes the trunk and four legs located in front and behind the trunk. Each leg has the same structure, including the thigh, calf, and foot. This paper summarizes the research on foot structure design and foot tip trajectory optimization of quadruped robot. Machine Vision is a branch of artificial intelligence that is developing rapidly. Simply put, machine vision is to use machines instead of human eyes to make measurements and judgments. The following passage discusses about two main kinds of algorithm, while making analytic and comparisons among others and why to choose these two out in the machine vision part of quadruped robots. By summarizing and analyzing the research status, this paper proposes some challenging and valuable future research directions.
Comparison Of Conventional and Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification
Authors: Xue Yulin
Published: March 2023

With the popularity of artificial intelligence, the use of deep learning is more and more extensive, but devices often need good performance to complete this task. However, for mobile devices and some devices with relatively poor performance, deep learning seems to have many obstacles. So, this article explores lightweight neural networks. I used two datasets to explore the problem of using lightweight neural networks to classify images. One is the issue of binary classification, which uses gender data sets. The other is the multi-classification problem, which uses bird data sets. I compared three models, one of which is a relatively complex neural network, and the other two are respectively MobileNet and ShuffleNet.In the first dataset, that is, the binary classification problem, the relatively complex neural network performs well, and the accuracy reaches 0.93. However, the accuracy of MobileNet with pre-training parameters and ShuffleNet without pre-training parameters also reached 0.86 and 0.84 respectively. Although the accuracy is reduced, it also shows that the lightweight neural network can well complete this problem. In the multi-classification problem, the relatively complex network performance has been greatly reduced. The accuracy is only 0.76, which may be due to the limited ability of standard convolution to process information. The accuracy of MobileNet with pre-training parameters is 0.87, and the accuracy of ShuffleNet without pre-training parameters is 0.62. So, the conclusion is that using lightweight neural networks should pay attention to the complexity of the problem, whether to use pre-training parameters and the selection of parameters.
The Development and Implementation for Encryption of Quantum Communication
Authors: Wu Tianhong
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, the quantum world is a new area in physics which has been widely explored. With the contributions of the scholars, the whole structure of the quantum world might cause great revolution on all the knowledge in various fields including teleportation, computing etc. Among various applications, quantum teleportation has attracted plenty of researchers, where remarkable results have been achieved based on the advanced facilities and proposed concepts. For quantum teleportation. The encryption is the key of the process. On this basis, the main topic of the whole paper will demonstrate the possible encryption concluded from two main communication methods. To be specific, the history and basic notes of quantum physics will be recalled primarily. In addition, the principle of encryption and applications of quantum communication will be discussed. Moreover, the state-of-art applications and implementations for encryption of quantum communication will be clarified. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of the encryption process of quantum communication.
3D Approach for Moon Guitar Digitalization
Authors: Chen Jingyu
Published: March 2023

Moon guitar (Chinese: Yueqin), also known as Yueqin, is a traditional Chinese String instrument. As the computer technology progress, 3D modeling is nowadays a common strategy to digitalize objects in real world. To meet the demand of protecting Chinese traditional instruments, building a 3D modeling for the moon guitar is chosen as a subject to study how can people attempt to digitalize Chinese traditional instruments. To build a complete 3D moon guitar model, the following steps are followed: 1) Geometry of the moon guitar: study and break down the geometry of the moon guitar, calculate the statistics of the moon guitar, create the broken-down components in openJSCAD, union all the components into a geometry, and finally a geometry of the moon guitar can be exported in multiple 3D model formats; 2) Texture of the moon guitar: study and break down the materials of the moon guitar, create the according materials in blender, create UV map for the imported moon guitar geometry, and apply the material to the matched faces. After the 3D modeling of moon guitar is implemented, an evaluation survey is conducted to evaluate the overall geometry and texture effect, and the details of the moon guitar. The analysis of survey reflects the 3D modeling looks good overall but still needs improvement on details.
Grover’s Algorithm – Implementations and Implications
Authors: Guo Chenxi
Published: March 2023

Ever since the realisation of the potential computational power of quantum-natured circuits, multiple quantum algorithms have been proposed, exploiting quantum superposition or quantum entanglement features to simulate quantum systems that classical computers cannot efficiently probe. The most notable among these strategies is Shor’s algorithm, which takes advantage of the quantum Fourier transform and has been shown capable of solving integer factorisation problems within polynomial time. This article’s focus is on one type of quantum algorithm based on amplitude amplification, namely Grover’s algorithm. This algorithm’s working principle is explained, and a discussion of its recent developments and possible direction of future reach is provided. In addition, implementations of Grover’s algorithm have been performed using the IBM Quantum Lab, followed by a reference to its connection to life sciences.
Deep Learning Algorithms for BCH Decoding in Satellite Communication
Authors: Ruan Xin
Published: March 2023

Deep learning is widely used in various fields due to the advancement of algorithms, the enrichment of high-efficiency databases, and the increase in computing power. Especially in the satellite communication, the learning and parallel computing capabilities of neural networks make them ideal for decoding. Many researchers have recently applied deep learning neural networks to decode high-density parity check (HDPC) codes (such as BCH and RS code), improving the decoder’s performance. This review aims to provide general insights on applying neural network decoders to satellite communications. Due to the neural network’s learning ability, the neural network-based decoder can be trained to change the weights, thereby reducing the influence of non-white noise in satellite communications, such as the influence between the satellite and the terrestrial network and the mutual interference within the satellites. To compensate for non-white noise, shortest circles in Tanner graph and unreliable information, a decoder system model for satellite communication constructed by three neural networks is presented.
Speech emotion recognition based on dynamic convolutional neural network
Authors: Lin Ziyao , Hu Zhangfang , Zhu Kuilin
Published: March 2023

In speech emotion recognition, the use of deep learning algorithms that extract and classify features of audio emotion samples usually requires the use of a large amount of resources, which makes the system more complex. This paper proposes a speech emotion recognition system based on dynamic convolutional neural network combined with bi-directional long and short-term memory network. On the one hand, the dynamic convolutional kernel allows the neural network to extract global dynamic emotion information, which can improve the performance while ensuring the computational power of the model, and on the other hand, the bi-directional long and short-term memory network enables the model to classify the emotion features more effectively with the temporal information. In this paper, we use CISIA Chinese speech emotion dataset, EMO-DB German emotion corpus and IEMOCAP English corpus to conduct experiments, and the average emotion recognition accuracy of the experimental results are 59.08%, 89.29% and 71.25%, which are 1.17%, 1.36% and 2.97% higher than the accuracy of speech emotion recognition systems using mainstream models, respectively. The effectiveness of the method in this paper is proved.
Low energy characteristics and low carbon strategies for traditional timber framing in the full life cycle -The case studying on Tujia hanging foot in southwest Hubei
Authors: Miao Pengcheng , Wang Zheyu
Published: March 2023

The issue of carbon emissions has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, both at home and abroad. There are also more and more people engaged in related research. In the field of architecture, more people are starting to look at the whole life cycle of buildings to explore energy saving and emission reduction of buildings. It is not just about exploring how to reduce the energy consumption of a building during its use. This paper will analyze the advantages of traditional wooden buildings and modern buildings in terms of low carbon from five perspectives: material selection, transportation, construction, use, transportation and demolition, and summarize the related strategies from a whole life cycle analysis of buildings.
Role of Corporate Governance in Industries Facing Difference Levels of Competition: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Khan Yousaf , Jamal Surayya , Gul Samina , Zeeshan Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to figure out the role of corporate governance in competitive industries and its impact along with product market competition on firm’s value. The sample of this study is obtained from the PSX-100 index, containing fifty-two non-financial firms from 2009 to 2018. This study documents the complementary association between competition in the product market and governance mechanisms. It concludes that good governance in Pakistani firms improves the value of the firm only in highly competitive industries, largely through mitigating the agency problem of empire-building. These findings are robust by employing alternate measures of sample division, firm governance structure, regression specifications, and ownership structure. Policymakers are required to focus governance policies mainly on the firms in highly competitive industries to get maximum progress. Moreover, they also need to improve anti-trust laws to increase the level of competition in all industries in the context of Pakistan.
A Study on the Work Stress and Performance of Employees in Organizations with Interfering Effect of Social Support
Authors: Tehreem Hina , Parveen Fouzia , Shams Qurat-ul-Ain
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to learn more about how employees deal with stress on the job and how social support from coworkers affects the association between job performance as well as its stress. The research addressed the question, "How does stress influence work performance?" A correlational descriptive study of these correlations was conducted using an internet-based survey of 200 employees working in Pakistan. Demographic forms and scales were used to gather data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations and hierarchical regression were used for data analysis. According to the findings, individuals who felt greater social support from their peers had less job-related stress and performed better on the job. The research also revealed a negative relationship between job stress and employee performance. Employees who reported moderate job stress were likelier to feel ineffective than those who reported high or low job-related stress. The findings emphasized the importance of social support from colleagues and the need for more studies into the negative link between job-related stress and employee performance.
Addressing Marine Pollution: An Analysis of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations and Global Implementation Efforts
Authors: Hussain Nazar , Khan Asif , Shumaila  , Memon Saifullah
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the regulations of MARPOL 73/78 for the prevention and control of pollution by garbage from ships and its implementation in various countries. MARPOL 73/78 was adopted in 1973 and is an international convention aimed at preventing and controlling pollution from ships. Annex V of the convention regulates the disposal of garbage from ships and requires ships to keep a garbage management plan on board. The article compares the participation and implementation of Annex V in different countries, including Vietnam, the United States, and Australia. The article highlights the limitations in implementing Annex V in some countries and reports of non-compliance with the regulations in others. The article also covers the steps the US has taken to enforce the restrictions, such as the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships. The article's overall message emphasizes the significance of effectively putting international treaties into practice to stop marine pollution and save the marine ecosystem.
Transformation in Political Approach of Deoband for Freedom Movement (1920-1947) and its Reasons
Authors: Hameed Fazal , Bibi Hamida
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to explore the transformation that took place in the strategy of the Deoband School of thought in its struggle for independence from India. A descriptive role of the Deoband school of thought for the freedom of India was analyzed from its formation till 1947. Failure at the war of 1857, its founders, who were the heirs of Hazrat Shah Waliullah, upheld the spirit of freedom by establishing Darul Uloom Deoband. Deaband School of thought, under the leadership of Maulana Mahmud-ul-Hasan, moved a struggle to overthrow the British by force during the outbreak of the First World War. In the changing situation after the world war, the Deoband School of thought brought about a transformation in its political approach in its struggle for independence. This was the discarding of the violent method and adoption of the peaceful and constitutional struggle for achieving independence and securing the religious rights of the Muslims. The formation of Jamaitul Ulama-i-Islam was basically the beginning of the peaceful and constitutional struggle of Deoabnd. The peaceful and constitutional struggle of JUH in collaboration with the Indian National Congress testifies to the transformation.
On the moral foundations of the criminal responsibility of legal persons
Authors: Федоров А.В.
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена нравственным основам уголовной ответственности юридических лиц. Нормы нравственности и права рассматриваются как социальные регуляторы, поддерживающие соблюдение правил жизни и обеспечивающие различные социально значимые интересы общества. Отмечается, что указанные нормы действуют в определенном правовом пространстве, в котором осуществляет свою деятельность не только человек как конкретный индивид, но и юридические лица, также являющиеся субъектами права. Они нередко нарушают установленные правила, что требует государственного реагирования, в том числе в виде установления различных видов ответственности. Часто противоправное деяние – это конечный продукт безнравственного поведения. При этом имеет место признание на государственном уровне безнравственности отдельных человеческих деяний путем трансформации представлений о нравственном поведении в нормы права. Происходящие изменения социально-экономических отношений дают возможность говорить о безнравственном поведении и преступлении не только применительно к конкретному человеку, но и к юридическому лицу. В новых условиях введение уголовной ответственности юридических лиц становится нравственно-правовым ориентиром, соответствующим современному социально-экономическому развитию России.

The article deals with the moral foundations of the criminal responsibility of legal persons. The norms of morality and law are considered as social regulators that support the rules of life and ensure various socially important interests of society. It is noted that these norms operate in a particular legal space in which not only an individual but also legal entities, which are also subjects of law, conduct their activities. They often violate the established rules, which requires a state response, including the establishment of various types of liability. Often a wrongful act is the end product of immoral behaviour. At the same time, the immorality of individual human acts is recognised at the state level by transforming ideas about moral behaviour into norms of law. The ongoing changes in social and economic relations provide an opportunity to talk about immoral behaviour and crime not only in relation to an individual but also to a legal person. Under the new conditions, the introduction of criminal liability of legal persons becomes moral and legal reference point corresponding to the modern social and economic development of Russia.
Secrecy of the investigation and the implementation of the defense: problems of delimitation
Authors: Батурина Е.В. , Дармаева В.Д.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, возникающие при применении норм уголовно-процессуального законодательства о недопустимости разглашения данных предварительного расследования. Отмечается, что у сторон обвинения и защиты в уголовном процессе сложился различный подход к толкованию и применению требований закона. Для разрешения сложившей конфликтной ситуации авторы предлагают конкретизировать процессуальный порядок использования информации и сведений, полученных по уголовному делу; содержание и объем сведений, на которые распространяется правовой режим охраны; основания применения мер защиты и законные способы распространения информации. Отмечается, что лицам, осуществляющим защиту по уголовным делам, должна быть гарантирована реализация предоставленных законом полномочий.

The article deals with issues that arise when applying the norms of criminal procedure legislation on the inadmissibility of disclosing data from a preliminary investigation. It is noted that the parties to the prosecution and defense in criminal proceedings have developed a different approach to the interpretation and application of the requirements of the law. To resolve the current conflict situation, the authors propose to specify the procedural order for the use of information and information obtained in a criminal case; the content and scope of the information covered by the legal regime of protection; grounds for the application of protection measures and legal ways of disseminating information. Persons carrying out defense in criminal cases should be guaranteed the exercise of the powers granted by law.
Development of an electronic profilometer to measure mobilization variables in soil harrowing
Authors: Zimmermann Gabriel G. , Jasper Samir P. , Savi Daniel , Ferraz Rafael S. , Gracietti Eduardo A.
Published: March 2023

Aim of study: This experiment's objective is to develop an automatic data acquisition system for profilometry, evaluating four harrowing speeds.
Area of study: Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
Material and methods: We experimented at the laboratory using a completely randomized design, comparing the data of modified roughness, raised and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness. These were acquired with traditional and electronic profilometers in seven replications. We executed the field test in lines, using a completely randomized design. The profilometers were in the plots and the targeted speeds in the subplots. We submitted the data for analysis of variance and when significant, to Tukey's test and regression analysis.
Main results: Laboratory testing showed no significant difference in the parameters of modified roughness, elevated and mobilized area, blistering, and thickness, denoting the phase validation that indicates applicability in the field. The field testing presented superior results for the electronic profilometer in elevated and mobilized areas and soil layer thickness. That is due to the absence of interference in the measurements that occur in the conventional profilometer caused by the insertion of the rods in the soil.
Research highlights: The increase in the mechanized set speed provided the reduction of the elevated area and soil blistering caused by the rise in disc rotation and consequent deviation of the soil particles.
Development of Distance Learning in the Context of Covid-19
Authors: Voitovska Oksana , Kovalova Kaleriia , Kuleshova Victoriia , Kravchuk Oksana , Moroz Olena , Zhyvaho Khrystyna
Published: March 2023

According to a UNESCO report, the main factor in the disruption of the education system in the 21st century was the quarantine measures of the COVID-19 pandemic, which directly affected the education of more than 220 million students in the world (UNESCO, 2021). Thus, the purpose of the study is to assess the level of education of the graduates of higher education in Great Britain from May - November 2021 during quarantine measures. The achievement of the set goal was implemented through a survey of 1157 students from various higher education institutions in Great Britain, which was conducted in May and November 2021. This made it possible to identify certain regularities and trends in the adaptation of the English system of higher education to new conditions of the study. Thus, self-study and distance learning under the supervision of teachers became the determining method of education, which in percentage terms reached 55%, and at the same time, the level of group work in studying previously presented lecture material decreased by 36% (from 76% to 40%) due to technical difficulties and physical stay students in different parts of the country. However, the overwhelming majority of students remained motivated to study and showed adaptation to the new online educational environment. Overall, the study highlights the importance of developing and supporting distance learning in the future, which can become an additional tool to ensure access to education worldwide.
Impact of a simulation-based interprofessional workshop (LINKS) on Portuguese healthcare students’ perception of roles and competencies: a quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Sa-Couto Carla , Fernandes Filipa , Carvalho Pinto Cristina , Loureiro Elizabete , Cerqueira Carla
Published: March 2023

There is a scarcity of simulation-based interprofessional (IP) programs in Portugal, with a notorious absence in undergraduate education. This paper describes the first step towards the development of an interprofessional education (IPE) undergraduate program, namely the implementation and preliminary assessment of the workshop LINKS – Lifting INterprofessional Knowledge through Simulation. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the educational effect of LINKS, in medical and nursing undergraduate students’ attitudes towards IP teamwork and collaborative practices, and their perception of roles and competencies within an IP team.

A total of 23 final-year students participated in the workshop. Teams of three or four elements (medical and nursing students) were exposed to two critical patient management simulation scenarios. To assess the impact of the workshop on students’ perception of IP collaborative practice, two surveys (ATTITUDES and IPEC) were applied before and after the workshop. Additionally, students’ opinion/satisfaction towards the workshop and its curricular integration was explored.

Students’ awareness of the relevancy of IP learning and self-competency in IP practice improved. For all subdomains and overall scores, statistically significant differences were found when comparing the pre- and post-scores, for both medical and nursing students, in both surveys. All students agreed that the workshop added educational value to their training, and recommended its integration in the formal curriculum, with a first round in the penultimate year and repeated in the last year.

Considering the pre–post test results and anecdotal comments shared during the session, we may infer that this single IPE event contributed to a clearer understanding of the team dynamic and individual role definition, increased the motivation to engage in collaborative practice between physicians and nurses and potentially challenged pre-existent stereotypes of each professional group. These findings corroborate the need for sustainable simulation-based IP programs, integrated in the undergraduate curricula, promoting early clinical interactions of different professional groups. We envision that the results of this study can help to inform future curriculum planning and provide useful insights that can be used within and between Portuguese institutions to develop a common IP undergraduate program.
Safety-Seeking Behaviors in Driving: A Phenomenological Exploration of Taxi Drivers’ Latent Beliefs
Authors: Fard Zahra , Ngueutsa Robert , Arghami Shirazeh
Published: March 2023

Background: Human behavior has been worldwide reported as the main cause of road accidents. It has been mentioned that beliefs probably impress driver’s perception, and consequently, the driving behavior. Taxi drivers account for a high proportion of professional drivers. This study aimed at exploring belief-oriented safety-seeking behaviors in taxi drivers.
Methods: In this phenomenological study, eleven drivers were invited from different regions of BLINDED. Using purposeful sampling, six in-depth interviews (IDIs) and one focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted.
Findings: In almost all the interviews, the participants highlighted the observance of traffic regulations and concentration on driving were the causes of accidents, however, they adopted other actions to be safe while driving. In this study, three themes emerged. The first two themes (verbal and practical endeavors) were mainly related to religion. Nonetheless, beliefs that were not related to religion (mental endeavors) also emerged.
Conclusion: The drivers’ belief-oriented safety precautions are rooted in primary and socio-instrumental control beliefs. In point of view of road traffic safety, investments to change these beliefs does not seem to be necessary.
Prevalence and Management of Post-Extraction Complications
Authors: Assiry Muad , Aloqbi Mohammed , Albrahim Hassan , Alnabulsi Abdulaziz , Alim Hala , Ghamdi Maisa , Bassyoni Lojain
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Simple tooth extraction is one of the most common procedures performed by general dentists and Oral and
Maxillofacial surgeons throughout daily practice. However, although it is a simple procedure, tooth-related complications
could occur at any time. These complications are categorized into immediate and delayed complications.
Immediate complications are due to either tooth-related or dentist-related factors and require prompt actions and
immediate management. Tooth-related factors depend on tooth morphology and tooth structure conditions. Dentist-related factors depend on the proper selection and application of the instruments. On the other hand, delayed
complications might occur after two days or more following the extraction.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, prediction of risk factors complications, prevention and management of possible
immediate and delayed post-extraction complications occurring in our Oral Surgery clinics at King Abdulaziz University
Dental Hospital.
Method: An observation and assessment of the extraction procedure, data collected via validated survey were used
to gather the following: Demographic data, medical history, cause of extraction, number of tooth/teeth extracted,
complications if any, and who did the procedure. For each patient who underwent dental extraction, a survey was filled
out, by a doctor other than the operator and the procedure was assessed under observation to record any complications
that occurred during the procedure and assess the undertaken management in such a case without intervention. Data was
analyzed using Chi-square test through SPSS.
Result: We observed 172 extraction procedures with 160 different patients, 12 had extraction more than once. A total
350 teeth were extracted from 160 patients, we observed 92 complications (53.4%) between immediate and delayed,
7 patients had both, the most common immediate complication was soft tissue injury with (81.7%) 67/82, and for the
delayed complications the most common was dry socket (64.7%) 11/17 patients.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found a significant association between the number of post-operative complications, their
management, and the experience of the operator
Blood glucose levels and their effect on motor nerve conduction in prediabetics: A case–control study
Authors: Chakraborty Hirok , Purwar Brijesh , Saxena Yogesh , Patil Sachin
Published: March 2023

Background: Onset of overt diabetes mellitus (DM) is preceded by longer periods of dysglycemia in the form of high blood glucose levels termed as “Prediabetes.” American Diabetic Association (ADA) states prediabetes to be a condition wherein fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels are more than normal, but lower than the criteria for diagnosing DM, that is,: Between 100 and 125 mg/dL. Peripheral neuropathy has been found to be already present in about 20% diabetic patients at diagnosis.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the conduction parameters of motor nerves in prediabetic healthy male adults and their affiliation to FBS levels.

Materials and Methods: 60 prediabetics within age limit of 30–50 years as cases and 30 age-matched normoglycemic (FBS < 100 mg/dL) males as controls were selected. Demographic and anthropometric parameters were recorded. FBS was measured, electrodiagnosis of motor (median) nerve of both the upper limbs (latency and nerve conduction velocity [NCV]) was conducted in cases and controls.

Results: Conduction irregularities in the form of significant rise among mean latency of right motor (median) nerve was prominent in prediabetics compared to normoglycemics. Prediabetics had significantly lower mean values of right motor (median) NCV. In prediabetics, FBS was positively and significantly correlated with latency of both motor nerves but showed significant negative correlation with right and left motor NCVs.

Conclusion: Prediabetes is a risk for development of peripheral neuropathy as it was found to be present in prediabetic stage. Hence, screening of all prediabetics is recommended as a preventive measure for decreasing morbidity.
Redefining “indeterminate” ground glass opacities in SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Angirish Bhoomi , Modi Dhruv
Published: March 2023

Background: Isolated ground glass opacities are often seen in the lungs and these are a diagnostic challenge. There are numerous different causes of ground glass opacities in the lungs. The broad list of etiologies are infectious causes, interstitial disease, alveolar disease, neoplastic, and drug toxicity. In the era of SARS Cov-2, it becomes very difficult to differentiate the ground glass opacities due to inflammatory bronchiolitis and other viral pneumonitis from those which are due to SARS CoV-2.

Aims and Objectives: We aim to look for vascular signs seen in association with ground glass opacities which increase our level of confidence to call them ground glass opacities due to SARS-CoV-2 as an etiology.

Materials and Methods: We present an observational study on 34 patients who presented with only patchy focal ground glass opacities in the lungs. All these patients were also subjected to nasopharyngeal swab test. The vascular signs seen on CT scan were of help to establish definite diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 only on the basis of ground glass opacities.

Results: Out of 31 patients showing CT scan finding of prominent intralesional vessel, 27 were positive for COVID-19 on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Four patients showing prominent intralesional vessel on CT scan were negative for COVID-19 infection on RT-PCR test. These four patients who were tested negative on RT-PCR were treated symptomaticaly for inflammatory bronchiolitis. Follow-up CT scan of two such patients were done after 4 days, which showed resolution of the focal ground glass opacities.

Conclusion: The parenchymal imaging findings of SARS-Cov-2 are well described as ground glass opacities associated with septal thickening and consolidation. However, in some cases, only few focal isolated ground glass opacities are seen without any other typical features. In such cases, the vascular signs are of help to increase our level of diagnostic confidence.
Cytodifferentiation of Wulzen's cone of mature male sheep hypophysis cerebri with special emphasis on its parenchymal correlations with the adjacent Pars distalis, Pars intermedia and Pars nervosa
Authors: Dahran Naief , Ghonimi Wael
Published: March 2023

Background: Hypophysis cerebri is considered the master endocrine gland as it plays a directly critical roles in influencing and controlling the vitality of other endocrine organs via several hormones secretion.
Aim: The present study was performed to clarify the localization of Wulzen's cone within sheep hypophysis and cytodifferentiation of the glandular cells filling cone parenchyma with special emphasis on the cone correlations with adjacent pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars nervosa.
Methods: Pituitaries were collected and processed histologically then subjected to different combinations of special stains; Br-AB- OFG., PFA-AB-PAS-OG., PAS-Orange G., Orange G- Acid Fuchsin- Light Green, Bielschowsky technique, Masson's trichrome and Gomori's reticulin.
Results: A sagittal section through pituitaries revealed a well-developed cone of glandular cells protruded from the pars intermedia like a tongue plate towards the hypophyseal cleft in the neighborhood of the pars distalis and behind to the pars nervosa. Resembling the pars distalis, various glandular cells were distinguished in the cone; chromophobes and chromophils of acidophils and basophils. The cone is mainly formed from acidophils intermingled with the chromophobes. Meanwhile, basophils were mainly localized at the most anterior and posterior part of the cone. In front of the cone, pars distalis were localized resembling a wing- shaped and filled with several categorized glandular cells; chromophobes and chromophils. Upper to the cone, pars intermedia were localized and composed mainly with weakly basophilic cuboidal or polygonal cells that arranged in parallel cords or in follicles. Behind to the cone, pars nervosa was localized as a ventral out pouching of the brain floor like a water- drop. Unlike the cone, it was devoid from any glandular secretory cells or nerve cells but consisted mainly of unmyelinated nerve fibers, herring bodies and pituicytes.
Conclusion: Wulzen's cone is present and well-developed in sheep adenohypophysis. Various glandular cells were distinguished filling the cone, chromophobes and chromophils of acidophils and basophils that were typically similar to the glandular cells of pars distalis but with different distributions.
Analysis of Translation of Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from Original Epicenter by Michael Berry in a Post-colonialist Perspective
Authors: Liu Zhengyuan
Published: March 2023

The West always abashes China by public opinion not only in news report and literature, but also in translation including the ones of the Chinese literature and the ones of diaries, news report, documentaries, government announcement, etc. Researchers have worked on several translations of Chinese literary works; however, they have rarely much worked on diaries. Michael Berry is a professor of Contemporary Chinese Cultural Studies at UCLA and the Director of the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies. He has been a translator who translates from Chinese into English for many years as well, his works include Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers, A History of Pain: Trauma in Modern Chinese Fiction and Film, and Jia Zhangke's Hometown Trilogy. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the translation strategy of translation of Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from Original Epicenter by Michael Berry, and observe if the translator has demonized China by his translation strategy.