bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference analogues of the second main theorem of zero-order meromorphic mappings for slowly moving targets
Authors: Thoan Pham Duc
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we show some Second Main Theorems for zero-order meromorphic mappings intersecting slowly moving targets in [Formula: see text] by considering their [Formula: see text]-Casorati determinant. Our results are [Formula: see text]-difference analogues of Cartan’s Second Main Theorem for moving targets. As an application, we give an unicity theorem for meromorphic mappings of [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text] under the growth condition “order [Formula: see text]”.
Numerical simulation on rolling characteristics of canard-controlled rockets with a free-spinning tail
Authors: Chen Yong-Chao , Gao Xin-Bao , Gao Min
Published: May 2017

Rolling characteristics of the canard-controlled rocket with a free-spinning tail are researched based on 3-dimensional Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. The slide mesh technology of computational fluid dynamics is used to numerically simulate the flow field when tails rotate relative to the rocket body and research the varying pattern of roll moment coefficients of the whole rocket, tail, and canard with Mach number. The comparison between the computation results and a part of experimental data shows that the simulation method is accurate. The convergence criterion during the numerical simulation is put forward; the induced rotation speed of the free-spinning tail and the roll moment coefficient of the rocket under this rotation in actual flight when the canard deflects by 10[Formula: see text] for roll control are obtained and the reason for the free-spinning tail being able to eliminate roll coupling is analyzed. The research provides a reference for the configuration design of canard-controlled rockets with a free-spinning tail and the numerical simulation of their aerodynamic characteristics.
Rapid antibiotic sensitivity testing in microwell arrays
Authors: Jalali Fatemeh , Ellett Felix , Irimia Daniel
Published: May 2017

The widespread bacterial resistance to a broad range of antibiotics necessitates rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing before effective treatment could start in the clinic. Among resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important, and Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains are a common cause of life threatening infections. However, standard susceptibility testing for S. aureus is time consuming and thus the start of effective antibiotic treatment is often delayed. To circumvent the limitations of current susceptibility testing systems, we designed an assay that enables measurements of bacterial growth with higher spatial and temporal resolution than standard techniques. The assay consists of arrays of microwells that confine small number of bacteria in small spaces, where their growth is monitored with high precision. These devices enabled us to investigate the effect of different antibiotics on S. aureus growth. We measured the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in less than 3 hours. In addition to being significantly faster than the 48 hours needed for traditional microbiological methods, the assay is also capable of differentiating the specific effects of different antibiotic classes on S. aureus growth. Overall, this assay has the potential to become a rapid, sensitive, and robust tool for use in hospitals and laboratories to assess antibiotic sensitivity.
LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of Carboniferous ash layers in the Cantabrian Zone (N Spain): stratigraphic implications
Authors: Merino-Tomé Oscar , Gutiérrez-Alonso Gabriel , Villa Elisa , Fernández-Suárez Javier , Llaneza Jaime Martín , Hofmann Mandy
Published: May 2017

Seven centimetre-thick volcanic ash-fall layers interbedded within the thick Carboniferous successions of the Cantabrian Zone in northern Spain were dated by U–Pb zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry across an interval ranging from Visean to Kasimovian, thus covering most of the Carboniferous period. All these ash layers occur in fossiliferous successions, allowing us to insert the radiometric data within a well-constrained biostratigraphic framework. Considering the analytical uncertainty, the obtained ages match the ages inferred from the conodont biostratigraphy established in the Mississippian succession (which hosts the oldest two ash layers, Visean in age), and the fusuline and mega- and microflora data from the strata hosting the Moscovian and Kasimovian (Westphalian–Stephanian) tonsteins. The age of a Langsettian tonstein along with data provided by several papers stating that in the Cantabrian Zone Langsettian floras were contemporaneous with lowermost Moscovian fusulines suggest that Langsettian floras could have been younger in Spain than in other areas. Our absolute ages provide new constraints not only for the correlation of the Carboniferous successions of the Cantabrian Zone with time-equivalent reference successions in other parts of the world but also for calibrating the Carboniferous global chronostratigraphic units based on marine fossils with the West European regional units.

Supplementary material:
Stratigraphic position and biostratigraphic information on the studied ash-fall layers, analytical methods and geochronological results are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3768701
Cementation and structural diagenesis of fluvio-aeolian Rotliegend sandstones, northern England
Authors: Busch Benjamin , Hilgers Christoph , Gronen Lars , Adelmann Dirk
Published: May 2017

Quartz cementation in sandstones is closely linked to grain coating phases and diagenetic alteration. Grain coatings consisting of illite–smectite stained with iron oxides and hydroxides are able to preserve large amounts of porosity by preventing the formation of syntaxial quartz overgrowth cement. The Penrith Sandstone Formation was chosen as an analogue for Rotliegend reservoirs to test the impact of grain coatings on quartz cementation. This adds to an existing model of cementation. Differences of grain coating coverage can be linked to grain size. Extensive grain coatings are present in finer grained laminae in some samples. Coarser grained laminae contain less extensive grain coatings. The analysis of grain coatings based on standard petrographic analyses is combined with high-resolution QEMSCAN® analyses. Structural features include deformation bands of different ages. Diagenetic alterations around faults, recorded by grain coatings, allow the delineation of relative temporal relations, revealing at least two generations of deformation band formation associated with normal faulting. In the Vale of Eden succession one normal faulting event postdates burial diagenetic quartz cementation as is evident by fault focused fluid flow and associated bleaching of iron and absence of quartz overgrowth.
Geochemistry of Ediacaran cap dolostones across the Yangtze Platform, South China: implications for diagenetic modification and seawater chemistry in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation
Authors: Hohl Simon V. , Becker Harry , Jiang Shao-Yong , Ling Hong-Fei , Guo Qingjun , Struck Ulrich
Published: May 2017

Cap dolostones of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (Yangtze Platform, South China) from various palaeo-water depths were studied to evaluate the extent of their diagenetic alteration and to assess temporal and spatial variations of seawater chemistry in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation. Diagenetic fluid overprint is common in cap dolostone lithologies. However, the mobilization of trace elements and the modification of Sr and O isotopic compositions are variable and were controlled by multiple stages of fluid overprint. The highest
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios (up to 0.7246) occur in cap dolostones from the palaeo-slope environment at the Huanglianba section, whereas cap dolostones deposited in platform settings and in one of the distal basinal settings reveal
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios close to the proposed late Neoproterozoic seawater composition (0.7077). Shale-normalized REE + Y patterns of carbonate leachates display enrichments of heavy over light REE and superchondritic Y/Ho ratios, typical of seawater. However, Y/Ho ratios in the cap dolostones are always lower than modern seawater values, which is interpreted to reflect dilution of the seawater signal by continent-derived meltwater influx during deglaciation. Negative Ce anomalies in carbonate leachates from platform and slope sections suggest that oxidized conditions existed in shallow marine environments shortly after the Marinoan glaciation, whereas positive or no resolvable Ce anomalies in basin settings indicate that the latter remained anoxic. Redox stratification of the Yangtze margin at the beginning of the Ediacaran is further supported by the relative enrichment of redox-sensitive trace metals in basinal sections. These data may indicate moderately anoxic (less than 10µM dissolved O
2
) and presumably manganous conditions during the deposition of cap dolostones in the deeper realms of the Yangtze basin.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary data for this paper are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3770957
Computing with CORGIS
Authors: Bart Austin Cory , Whitcomb Ryan , Kafura Dennis , Shaffer Clifford A. , Tilevich Eli
Published: May 2017

To successfully bring introductory computing to non-CS majors, one needs to create a curriculum that will appeal to students from diverse disciplines. Several educational theories emphasize the need for introductory contexts that align with students' long-term goals and are perceived as useful. Data Science, using algorithms to manipulate real-world data and interpreting the results, has emerged as a field with cross-disciplinary value, and has strong potential as an appealing context for introductory computing courses. However, it is not easy to find, clean, and integrate datasets that will satisfy a broad variety of learners. The CORGIS project (https://think.cs.vt.edu/corgis) enables instructors to easily incorporate data science into their classroom. Specifically, it provides over 40 datasets in areas including history, politics, medicine, and education. Additionally, the CORGIS infrastructure supports the integration of new datasets with simple libraries for Java, Python, and Racket, thus empowering introductory students to write programs that manipulate real data. Finally, the CORGIS web-based tools allow learners to visualize and explore datasets without programming, enabling data science lessons on day one. We have incorporated CORGIS assignments into an introductory course for non-majors to study their impact on learners' motivation, with positive initial results. These results indicate that external adopters are likely to find the CORGIS tools and materials useful in their own pedagogical pursuits.
Glucose autoregulation is the dominant component of the hormone-independent counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in the conscious dog
Authors: Gregory Justin M. , Rivera Noelia , Kraft Guillaume , Winnick Jason J. , Farmer Ben , Allen Eric J. , Donahue E. Patrick , Smith Marta S. , Edgerton Dale S. , Williams Phillip E. , Cherrington Alan D.
Published: May 2017

The contribution of hormone-independent counterregulatory signals in defense of insulin-induced hypoglycemia was determined in adrenalectomized, overnight-fasted conscious dogs receiving hepatic portal vein insulin infusions at a rate 20-fold basal. Either euglycemia was maintained ( group 1) or hypoglycemia (≈45 mg/dl) was allowed to occur. There were three hypoglycemic groups: one in which hepatic autoregulation against hypoglycemia occurred in the absence of sympathetic nervous system input ( group 2), one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3), and one in which autoregulation occurred in the presence of NE signaling to fat, muscle, and liver ( group 4). Average net hepatic glucose balance (NHGB) during the last hour for groups 1–4 was −0.7 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.01 vs. group 1), 0.7 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.01 vs. group 2), and 0.8 ± 0.1 ( P = 0.7 vs. group 3) mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Hypoglycemia per se ( group 2) increased NHGB by causing an inhibition of net hepatic glycogen synthesis. NE signaling to fat and muscle ( group 3) increased NHGB further by mobilizing gluconeogenic precursors resulting in a rise in gluconeogenesis. Lowering glucose per se decreased nonhepatic glucose uptake by 8.9 mg·kg−1·min−1, and the addition of increased neural efferent signaling to muscle and fat blocked glucose uptake further by 3.2 mg·kg−1·min−1. The addition of increased neural efferent input to liver did not affect NHGB or nonhepatic glucose uptake significantly. In conclusion, even in the absence of increases in counterregulatory hormones, the body can defend itself against hypoglycemia using glucose autoregulation and increased neural efferent signaling, both of which stimulate hepatic glucose production and limit glucose utilization.
Exploring the Concern about Food Allergies among Secondary School and University Students in Ontario, Canada: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Majowicz Shannon E. , Jung James K. H. , Courtney Sarah M. , Harrington Daniel W.
Published: May 2017

Our objective was to explore the perceived risk of food allergies among students in Ontario, Canada. We analyzed blinding questions (“I am concerned about food allergies”; “food allergies are currently a big threat to my health”) from three existing food safety surveys, given to high school and university undergraduate students (n=3,451) circa February 2015, using descriptive analysis, and explored how concern related to demographics and self-reported cooking ability using linear regression. Overall, high school students were neutral in their concern, although Food and Nutrition students specifically were significantly less concerned (p=0.002) than high school students overall. University undergraduates were moderately unconcerned about food allergies. Concern was highest in younger students, decreasing between 13 and 18 years of age and plateauing between 19 and 23 years. Among students aged 13–18 years, concern was higher among those who worked or volunteered in a daycare and who had previously taken a food preparation course. Among students aged 19–23 years, concern was higher among females and those with less advanced cooking abilities. Concern was significantly correlated with perceiving food allergies as a personal threat. This study offers a first exploration of perceived risk of food allergies among this demographic and can guide future, more rigorous assessments.
Formulation Development of High Strength Gel System and Evaluation on Profile Control Performance for High Salinity and Low Permeability Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Chengli , Qu Guodong , Song Guoliang
Published: May 2017

For the large pores and cracks of reservoirs with low temperatures, high salinity, and low permeability, a new type of high strength gel ABP system is developed in this paper. The defects of conventional gels such as weak gel strength, no gelling, and easy dehydration are overcome under the conditions of low temperature and high salinity. The temperature and salt resistance, plugging characteristics, and EOR of the gel system are studied. Under the condition of 32°C and 29500 mg/L salinity, the ABP system formulation is for 0.3% crosslinking agent A + 0.09% coagulant B + 3500 mg/L polymer solution P. The results show that when the temperature was increased, the delayed crosslinking time of the system was shortened and the gel strength was increased. The good plugging characteristics of the ABP system were reached, and the plugging rate was greater than 99% in cores with different permeability. A good profile control performance was achieved, and the recovery rate was improved by 19.27% on the basis of water flooding. In the practical application of the gel system, the salinity of formation water and the permeability of fractures are necessary to determine the appropriate formulation.
MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress‐Induced Cellular Senescence
Authors: Bu Huaije , Wedel Sophia , Cavinato Maria , Jansen-Dürr Pidder
Published: May 2017

Aging is a time‐related process of functional deterioration at cellular, tissue, organelle, and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest in response to cellular stress, is believed to be the driver of the aging process and age‐related disorders. The free radical theory of aging, referred to as oxidative stress (OS) theory below, is one of the most studied aging promoting mechanisms. In addition, genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of aging and aging‐related diseases. Among various epigenetic events, microRNAs (miRNAs) turned out to be important players in controlling OS, aging, and cellular senescence. miRNAs can generate rapid and reversible responses and, therefore, are ideal players for mediating an adaptive response against stress through their capacity to fine‐tune gene expression. However, the importance of miRNAs in regulating OS in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of miRNAs in OS‐induced cellular senescence.
Effects of Variable Production Rate and Time‐Dependent Holding Cost for Complementary Products in Supply Chain Model
Authors: Sarkar Mitali , Hur Sun , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: May 2017

Recently, a major trend is going to redesign a production system by controlling or making variable the production rate within some fixed interval to maintain the optimal level. This strategy is more effective when the holding cost is time‐dependent as it is interrelated with holding duration of products and rate of production. An effort is made to make a supply chain model (SCM) to show the joint effect of variable production rate and time‐varying holding cost for specific type of complementary products, where those products are made by two different manufacturers and a common retailer makes them bundle and sells bundles to end customers. Demand of each product is specified by stochastic reservation prices with a known potential market size. Those players of the SCM are considered with unequal power. Stackelberg game approach is employed to obtain global optimum solution of the model. An illustrative numerical example, graphical representation, and managerial insights are given to illustrate the model. Results prove that variable production rate and time‐dependent holding cost save more than existing literature.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lin Xiaolei , Xu Binbin , Zheng Yuxi , Coursey Terry G. , Zhao Yinying , Li Junhua , Fu Yana , Chen Xuewen , Zhao Yun-e
Published: May 2017

Purpose. To investigate meibomian gland and tear film function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. This prospective study compared changes in meibomian gland and tear film function in type 2 diabetic patients with nondiabetic patients. Meibomian gland function was evaluated by measuring lipid layer thickness (LLT), grading of meibomian gland loss, lid margin abnormalities, and expression of meibum. Tear film function was assessed by measuring tear breakup time (TBUT), the Schirmer I test, noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and corneal fluorescein staining.Results. Meibography scores were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the nondiabetic group (p=0.004). The number of expressible glands was significantly lower in the diabetic group in temporal, central, and nasal third of the lower eyelid (nasal:p=0.002; central:p=0.040; and temporal:p=0.039). The lid margin abnormality score was significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group (p=0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the tear film function parameters between the two groups.Conclusions. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in type 2 diabetic patients is more severe compared with nondiabetic patients. Overall, most of the diabetic patients manifest as having asymptomatic MGD.
Allied Health Professional Support in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Survey from the Canadian Children Inflammatory Bowel Disease Network—A Joint Partnership of CIHR and the CH.I.L.D. Foundation
Authors: El-Matary Wael , Benchimol Eric I. , Mack David , Huynh Hien Q. , Critch Jeff , Otley Anthony , Deslandres Colette , Jacobson Kevan , deBruyn Jennifer , Carroll Matthew W. , Wine Eytan , Van Limbergen Johan , Sherlock Mary , Bax Kevin , Lawrence Sally , Seidman Ernest , Issenman Robert , Walters Thomas D. , Church Peter , Griffiths Anne M.
Published: May 2017

Objectives. The current number of healthcare providers (HCP) caring for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) across Canadian tertiary-care centres is underinvestigated. The aim of this survey was to assess the number of healthcare providers (HCP) in ambulatory pediatric IBD care across Canadian tertiary-care centres. Methods. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we examined available resources in academic pediatric centres within the Canadian Children IBD Network. The survey evaluated the number of HCP providing ambulatory care for children with IBD. Results. All 12 tertiary pediatric gastroenterology centres participating in the network responded. Median full-time equivalent (FTE) of allied health professionals providing IBD care at each site was 1.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.6–1.0) nurse, 0.5 (IQR 0.2–0.8) dietitian, 0.3 (IQR 0.2–0.8) social worker, and 0.1 (IQR 0.02–0.3) clinical psychologists. The ratio of IBD patients to IBD physicians was 114 : 1 (range 31 : 1–537 : 1), patients to nurses/physician assistants 324 : 1 (range 150 : 1–900 : 1), dieticians 670 : 1 (range 250 : 1–4500 : 1), social workers 1558 : 1 (range 250 : 1–16000 : 1), and clinical psychologists 2910 : 1 (range 626 : 1–3200 : 1). Conclusions. There was a wide variation in HCP support among Canadian centres. Future work will examine variation in care including patients’ outcomes and satisfaction across Canadian centres.
Fracture of the Tibial Baseplate 16 Years after Miller-Galante II Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Mineta Kazuaki , Okada Masahiko , Matsumoto Soshi , Hamada Daisuke , Goto Tomohiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: May 2017

We report a rare case of tibial baseplate fracture of Miller-Galante II (MG II) prosthesis. We examine the factors that may cause such late fracture and review the literature on radiographic analysis and retrieval studies. A 76-year-old woman, who had undergone bilateral MG II total knee arthroplasty due to rheumatoid arthritis 16 years earlier, presented to our department with a 3-month history of left knee pain. Plain radiographs revealed severe distortion of the medial tibial component. During revision knee arthroplasty, we observed severe metallosis in the knee joint, polyethylene insert deformation, and posteromedial coronal baseplate fracture. After removal of the fractured tray, a bone deficit due to osteolysis was noted. The revision prosthesis (LCCK, Zimmer-Biomet) was implanted uneventfully. Four months after revision surgery, the patient was ambulating and had no complications. The implants on the right side had survived without complications for 17 years. We speculate that the primary causative factor of the fatigue fracture of the base plate due to loss of bony support most likely secondary to osteolysis was varus malalignment at primary implantation. This case highlights the importance of paying close attention to the correct alignment of each component at primary implantation.
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath Presenting Limited Flexion of the Fingers
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiro , Setsu Nokitaka , Kato Yoshiharu , Kawai Akira , Kobayashi Eisuke
Published: May 2017

A 35-year-old Japanese man presented with a 1-month history of limited flexion and radiating pain in the left middle and ring fingers. A physical examination revealed a hard nodular mass in his left palm. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2 × 1.5 × 1 cm mass of low intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images and gadolinium enhancement. The tumor was marginally resected, adhering to the flexor digitorum profundus of both the third and fourth fingers. The histological diagnosis was fibroma of tendon sheath. After the surgery, the range of motion and hand function were improved. No recurrence has been observed. Fibroma of tendon sheath usually arises on the fingers and hands with strong attachment to the tendon or tendon sheath. The tumor in the present case probably limited the range of flexion of the fingers by obstruction of the transverse carpal ligament.
Ziziphus nummularia Inhibits Inflammation‐Induced Atherogenic Phenotype of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Fardoun Manal , Al-Shehabi Tuqa , El-Yazbi Ahmed , Issa Khodr , Zouein Fouad , Maaliki Dina , Iratni Rabah , Eid Ali H.
Published: May 2017

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a CVD characterized by plaque formation resulting from inflammation‐induced insults to endothelial cells, monocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Despite significant advances, current treatments for atherosclerosis remain insufficient, prompting the search for alternative modalities, including herbal medicine. Ziziphus nummularia is an herb commonly used in the amelioration of symptoms associated with many health conditions such as cold, diarrhea, cancer, and diabetes. However, its effect on the inflammation‐induced behavior of VSMCs remains unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia (ZNE) on TNF‐α‐induced phenotypic changes of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The treatment of HASMCs with ZNE decreased cell proliferation, adhesion to fibronectin, migration, and invasion. ZNE treatment also caused a concentration‐ and time‐dependent reduction in the TNF‐α‐induced expression of matrix metalloproteases MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, NF‐κB, and cell adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. Furthermore, ZNE decreased the adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes to HASMCs and endothelial cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. These data provide evidence for the anti‐inflammatory effect of Ziziphus nummularia, along with potential implications for its use as an agent that could ameliorate inflammation‐induced atherogenic phenotype of VSMCs in atherosclerosis.
Assigning Passenger Flows on a Metro Network Based on Automatic Fare Collection Data and Timetable
Authors: Hong Ling , Li Wei , Zhu Wei
Published: May 2017

Assigning passenger flows on a metro network plays an important role in passenger flow analysis that is the foundation of metro operation. Traditional transit assignment models are becoming increasingly complex and inefficient. These models may even not be valid in case of sudden changes in the timetable or disruptions in the metro system. We propose a methodology for assigning passenger flows on a metro network based on automatic fare collection (AFC) data and realized timetable. We find that the routes connecting a given origin and destination (O-D) pair are related to their observed travel times (OTTs) especially their pure travel times (PTTs) abstracted from AFC data combined with the realized timetable. A novel clustering algorithm is used to cluster trips between a given O-D pair based on PTTs/OTTs and complete the assignment. An initial application to categorical O-D pairs on the Shanghai metro system, which is one of the largest systems in the world, shows that the proposed methodology works well. Accompanying the initial application, an interesting approach is also provided for determining the theoretical maximum accuracy of the new assignment model.
Nomogram Prediction of Anastomotic Leakage and Determination of an Effective Surgical Strategy for Reducing Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Lee Soo Young , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin
Published: May 2017

Background. Although many surgical strategies have been used to reduce the anastomotic leak (AL) rate after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery, limited data are available on the risk factors for AL and the effective strategy to reduce AL. Methods. The present study enrolled 736 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic resection without a diverting stoma for rectal adenocarcinoma. A nomogram was constructed to predict AL. Based on the nomogram, personalized risk was calculated and sequential surgical strategies were monitored using risk-adjusted cumulative sum (RA-CUSUM) analysis. Results. Among the 736 patients, clinical AL occurred in 65 patients (8.8%). Sex, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score, operation time, blood transfusion, and tumor location were identified as significant predictive factors for AL. Based on these factors, a nomogram was created to predict AL, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.753 (95% confidence interval, 0.690–0.816). A calibration plot showed good statistical performance on internal validation (bias-corrected C-index of 0.742). The RA-CUSUM curve showed that extended splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) could be the most influential strategy to reduce AL. Conclusions. Our nomogram for predicting AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL. Furthermore, extended SFM might be the most appropriate strategy for reducing AL.
A Surgical Cryoprobe for Targeted Transcorneal Freezing and Endothelial Cell Removal
Authors: Akhbanbetova Alina , Nakano Shinichiro , Littlechild Stacy L. , Young Robert D. , Zvirgzdina Madara , Fullwood Nigel J. , Weston Ian , Weston Philip , Kinoshita Shigeru , Okumura Naoki , Koizumi Noriko , Quantock Andrew J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. To examine the effects of transcorneal freezing using a new cryoprobe designed for corneal endothelial surgery.Methods. A freezing console employing nitrous oxide as a cryogen was used to cool a series of different cryoprobe tip designs made of silver for high thermal conductivity. In vitro studies were conducted on 426 porcine corneas, followed by preliminary in vivo investigations on three rabbit corneas.Results. The corneal epithelium was destroyed by transcorneal freezing, as expected; however, the epithelial basement membrane remained intact. Reproducible endothelial damage was optimally achieved using a 3.4 mm diameter cryoprobe with a concave tip profile. Stromal edema was seen in the pre-Descemet’s area 24 hrs postfreeze injury, but this had been resolved by 10 days postfreeze. A normal collagen fibril structure was seen 1 month postfreeze, concurrent with endothelial cell repopulation.Conclusions. Transcorneal freezing induces transient posterior stromal edema and some residual deep stromal haze but leaves the epithelial basement membrane intact, which is likely to be important for corneal re-epithelialization. Localized destruction of the endothelial monolayer was achieved in a consistent manner with a 3.4 mm diameter/concave profile cryoprobe and represents a potentially useful approach to remove dysfunctional corneal endothelial cells from corneas with endothelial dysfunction.
Stability Analysis of a Direct‐Operated Seawater Hydraulic Relief Valve under Deep Sea
Authors: Wu Shan , Li Chao , Deng Yipan
Published: May 2017

Taking into account the deformation of a designed direct‐operated seawater hydraulic relief valve in deep sea, which might have a great influence on the stability of the valve, a mathematic model of the relief valve was established and stability analysis was conducted. As the fitting clearances between the damping sleeve and the damping bar play a key role in the performance of the relief valve, the fitting clearances after deformation under pressure of different ocean depths were obtained using finite element method. Applying the deformation data to the relief valve model, the stability and relative stability could be analyzed quantitatively through both the frequency domain analysis method and the time domain analysis method to detect the influence of the fitting clearance after deformation. The simulation results show that the seawater relief valve has a stable performance within 4000 meters deep under the sea.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms after Partial Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Song Byeong Gu , Kim Gwang Ha , Lee Bong Eun , Jeon Hye Kyung , Baek Dong Hoon , Song Geun Am
Published: May 2017

Aims. To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric epithelial neoplasms in the remnant stomach (GEN-RS) after various types of partial gastrectomy. Methods. This study included 29 patients (31 lesions) who underwent ESD for GEN-RS between March 2006 and August 2016. Clinicopathologic data were retrieved retrospectively to assess the therapeutic ESD outcomes, including en bloc and complete resection rates and procedure-related adverse events. Results. The en bloc, complete, and curative resection rates were 90%, 77%, and 71%, respectively. The types of previous gastrectomy, tumor size, macroscopic type, and tumor histology were not associated with incomplete resection. Only tumors involving the suture lines from the prior partial gastrectomy were significantly associated with incomplete resection. The procedure-related bleeding and perforation rates were 6% and 3%, respectively; none of the adverse events required surgical intervention. During a median follow-up period of 25 months (range, 6–58 months), there was no recurrence in any case. Conclusions. ESD is a safe and feasible treatment for GEN-RS regardless of the previous gastrectomy type. However, the complete resection rate decreases for lesions involving the suture lines.
Management Options for Advanced Low or Intermediate Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Neychev Vladimir , Kebebew Electron
Published: May 2017

Our understanding of the biology, genetics, and natural history of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas has improved considerably in the last several decades and the spectrum of available therapeutic options is rapidly expanding. The management of patients with metastatic low or intermediate grade NETs has been revolutionized by the development of new treatment strategies such as molecular targeting therapies with everolimus and sunitinib, somatostatin analogs, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy that can be used alone or as a multimodal approach with or without surgery. To further define and clarify the utility, appropriateness, and the sequence of the growing list of available therapies for this patient population will require more high level evidence; however, data from well-designed randomized phase III clinical trials is rapidly accumulating that will further stimulate development of new management strategies. It is therefore important to thoroughly review emerging evidence and report major findings in frequent updates, which will expand our knowledge and contribute to a better understanding, characterization, and management of advanced NETs.
Sequence Analysis of Long-Term Readmissions among High-Impact Users of Cerebrovascular Patients
Authors: Rao Ahsan , Bottle Alex , Darzi Ara , Aylin Paul
Published: May 2017

Objective. Understanding the chronological order of the causes of readmissions may help us assess any repeated chain of events among high-impact users, those with high readmission rate. We aim to perform sequence analysis of administrative data to identify distinct sequences of emergency readmissions among the high-impact users. Methods. A retrospective cohort of all cerebrovascular patients identified through national administrative data and followed for 4 years. Results. Common discriminating subsequences in chronic high-impact users (n=2863) of ischaemic stroke (n=34208) were “urological conditions-chest infection,” “chest infection-urological conditions,” “injury-urological conditions,” “chest infection-ambulatory condition,” and “ambulatory condition-chest infection” (p<0.01). Among TIA patients (n=20549), common discriminating (p<0.01) subsequences among chronic high-impact users were “injury-urological conditions,” “urological conditions-chest infection,” “urological conditions-injury,” “ambulatory condition-urological conditions,” and “ambulatory condition-chest infection.” Among the chronic high-impact group of intracranial haemorrhage (n=2605) common discriminating subsequences (p<0.01) were “dementia-injury,” “chest infection-dementia,” “dementia-dementia-injury,” “dementia-urine infection,” and “injury-urine infection.” Conclusion. Although common causes of readmission are the same in different subgroups, the high-impact users had a higher proportion of patients with distinct common sequences of multiple readmissions as identified by the sequence analysis. Most of these causes are potentially preventable and can be avoided in the community.
Nanostructured Dielectric Layer for Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yusi , Kang Yangsen , Jia Jieyang , Huo Yijie , Xue Muyu , Lyu Zheng , Liang Dong , Zhao Li , Harris James S.
Published: May 2017

Nanostructures have been widely used in solar cells due to their extraordinary photon management properties. However, due to poor pn junction quality and high surface recombination velocity, typical nanostructured solar cells are not efficient compared with the traditional commercial solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to design, simulate, and fabricate whole-wafer nanostructures on dielectric layer on thin c-Si for solar cell light trapping. The optical simulation results show that the periodic nanostructure arrays on dielectric materials could suppress the reflection loss over a wide spectral range. In addition, by applying the nanostructured dielectric layer on 40 μm thin c-Si, the reflection loss is suppressed to below 5% over a wide spectra and angular range. Moreover, a c-Si solar cell with 2.9 μm ultrathin absorber layer demonstrates 32% improvement in short circuit current and 44% relative improvement in energy conversion efficiency. Our results suggest that nanostructured dielectric layer has the potential to significantly improve solar cell performance and avoid typical problems of defects and surface recombination for nanostructured solar cells, thus providing a new pathway towards realizing high-efficiency and low-cost c-Si solar cells.
Extreme Learning Machine and Moving Least Square Regression Based Solar Panel Vision Inspection
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Caihong , Huang Dongdong
Published: May 2017

In recent years, learning based machine intelligence has aroused a lot of attention across science and engineering. Particularly in the field of automatic industry inspection, the machine learning based vision inspection plays a more and more important role in defect identification and feature extraction. Through learning from image samples, many features of industry objects, such as shapes, positions, and orientations angles, can be obtained and then can be well utilized to determine whether there is defect or not. However, the robustness and the quickness are not easily achieved in such inspection way. In this work, for solar panel vision inspection, we present an extreme learning machine (ELM) and moving least square regression based approach to identify solder joint defect and detect the panel position. Firstly, histogram peaks distribution (HPD) and fractional calculus are applied for image preprocessing. Then an ELM-based defective solder joints identification is discussed in detail. Finally, moving least square regression (MLSR) algorithm is introduced for solar panel position determination. Experimental results and comparisons show that the proposed ELM and MLSR based inspection method is efficient not only in detection accuracy but also in processing speed.
Physiological Striae Atrophicae of Adolescence with Involvement of the Axillae and Proximal Arms
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Barankin Benjamin
Published: May 2017

We report a 16-year-old adolescent male with multiple violaceous, atrophic, vertical linear striae isolated to the axillae and proximal arms of approximately one-year duration. In the past two years, he indulged in heavy weight-lifting. He experienced a growth spurt over the past few years. The patient was otherwise in good health and was not on any medications. Physiological striae atrophicae of adolescence where the striae were restricted to the axillae and proximal arms have very rarely been reported.
Persistent Unresolved Inflammation in theMecp2-308 Female Mutated Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Cortelazzo Alessio , De Felice Claudio , De Filippis Bianca , Ricceri Laura , Laviola Giovanni , Leoncini Silvia , Signorini Cinzia , Pescaglini Monica , Guerranti Roberto , Timperio Anna Maria , Zolla Lello , Ciccoli Lucia , Hayek Joussef
Published: May 2017

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder usually caused by mutations in the X-linked genemethyl-CpG-binding protein 2(MECP2). SeveralMecp2mutant mouse lines have been developed recapitulating part of the clinical features. In particular,Mecp2-308 female heterozygous mice, bearing a truncating mutation, are a validated model of the disease. While recent data suggest a role for inflammation in RTT, little information on the inflammatory status in murine models of the disease is available. Here, we investigated the inflammatory status by proteomic 2-DE/MALDI-ToF/ToF analyses in symptomaticMecp2-308 female mice. Ten differentially expressed proteins were evidenced in theMecp2-308 mutated plasma proteome. In particular, 5 positive acute-phase response (APR) proteins increased (i.e., kininogen-1, alpha-fetoprotein, mannose-binding protein C, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin), and 3 negative APR reactants were decreased (i.e., serotransferrin, albumin, and apolipoprotein A1). CD5 antigen-like and vitamin D-binding protein, two proteins strictly related to inflammation, were also changed. These results indicate for the first time a persistent unresolved inflammation of unknown origin in theMecp2-308 mouse model.
A Granular Ontology Model for Maternal and Child Health Information System
Authors: Ismail Saadia , Alshmari Majed , Latif Khalid , Ahmad Hafiz Farooq
Published: May 2017

In several developing countries, maternal and child health indicators trail behind the international targets set by the UN as Millennium or Sustainable Development Goals. One of the reasons is poor and nonstandardized maternal health record keeping that affects data quality. Effective decision making to improve public healthcare depends essentially on the availability of reliable data. Therefore, the aim of this research is the design and development of the standard compliant data access model for maintaining maternal and child health data to enable the effective exchange of healthcare data. The proposed model is very granular and comprehensive in contrast with existing systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model, a web application was implemented and was reviewed by healthcare providers and expectant mothers. User feedback highlights the usefulness of the proposed approach as compared to traditional record-keeping techniques. It is anticipated that the proposed model will lay a foundation for a comprehensive maternal and child healthcare information system. This shall enable trend analysis for policy making to help accelerate the efforts for meeting global maternal and child health targets.
Fulminating Postcaesarean Necrotising Fasciitis: A Rare and Lethal Condition Successfully Managed in a Resource-Disadvantaged Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sama Carlson-Babila , Tankou Conrad S. , Angwafo III Fru F.
Published: May 2017

Necrotising fasciitis is a rare but potentially lethal condition in obstetrics which usually presents with fulminant tissue destruction and a resultant high mortality. We report a 19-year-old Sub-Saharan female diagnosed with a rapidly erosive necrotising fasciitis on day 5 after caesarean section in a resource-limited setting. Timely diagnosis, aggressive antibiotic therapy, and prompt surgical intervention via an extensive abdominal wall debridement were pivotal to her survival.
Explaining the Obesity Paradox: The Association between Body Composition and Colorectal Cancer Survival (C-SCANS Study)
Authors: Caan Bette J. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Alexeeff Stacey , Xiao Jingjie , Weltzien Erin , Feliciano Elizabeth Cespedes , Castillo Adrienne L. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Prado Carla M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Body composition may partially explain the U-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal cancer survival.

Methods: Muscle and adiposity at colorectal cancer diagnosis and survival were examined in a retrospective cohort using Kaplan–Meier curves, multivariable Cox regression, and restricted cubic splines in 3,262 early-stage (I–III) male (50%) and female (50%) patients. Sarcopenia was defined using optimal stratification and sex- and BMI-specific cut points. High adiposity was defined as the highest tertile of sex-specific total adipose tissue (TAT). Primary outcomes were overall mortality and colorectal cancer–specific mortality (CRCsM).

Results: Slightly over 42% patients were sarcopenic. During 5.8 years of follow-up, 788 deaths occurred, including 433 from colorectal cancer. Sarcopenic patients had a 27% [HR, 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.48] higher risk of overall mortality than those who were not sarcopenic. Females with both low muscle and high adiposity had a 64% higher risk of overall mortality (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.05–2.57) than females with adequate muscle and lower adiposity. The lowest risk of overall mortality was seen in patients with a BMI between 25 and <30 kg/m2, a range associated with the greatest number of patients (58.6%) who were not at increased risk of overall mortality due to either low muscle or high adiposity.

Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent among patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer, and should, along with adiposity be a standard oncological marker.

Impact: Our findings suggest a biologic explanation for the obesity paradox in colorectal cancer and refute the notion that the association between overweight and lower mortality is due solely to methodologic biases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1008–15. ©2017 AACR.