bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemically Resolved Depth Profiles Extracted from ARXPS Data Taken on Polystyrene Surfaces Exposed to Nitrogen Plasmas
Authors: Paynter R. W. , Roy‐Guay D.
Published: May 2007

Polystyrene samples were exposed to a nitrogen plasma for 30 s, 1, 2, and 4 min, and analyzed by angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen and nitrogen adatom depth profiles were extracted from the elemental peak intensities using a maximum entropy method. The same method was used to extract chemically resolved carbon‐adatom depth profiles by peak fitting the C1s spectra. The elemental nitrogen and carbon‐adatom depth profiles were observed to evolve initially and then stabilize for plasma exposures of 2 min and more. A comparison of the elemental and chemically resolved depth profiles provided an additional information on the evolution of the carbon‐adatom bonding as a function of plasma duration.

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A Comparative X‐Ray and Neutron Reflectometry Study of Plasma Polymer Films Containing Reactive Amines
Authors: Muir Benjamin W. , Nelson Andrew , Fairbrother Andrew , Fong Celesta , Hartley Patrick G. , James Michael , McLean Keith M.
Published: May 2007

Glow discharge AApp and HApp were prepared on silicon wafers and analyzed by XPS, AFM, ΔV (ζ‐measurements), XRR and NR. XRR and AFM measurements revealed smooth films of ≈30 nm thickness. XPS measurements in combination with XRR and NR allowed the film composition and mass densities (1.46 and 1.05 g · cm−3 for AApp and HApp respectively) to be calculated. The AApp film in contact with water was found to swell by ≈5%, contain ≈3% water and have ≈24% labile protons. The HApp film did not appear to swell, but contained ≈5% water, with ≈10% labile protons. The difference in the degree of proton exchange within the films and zeta potentials was attributed to the higher degree of residual amine functionality in the AA film.

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Control of Nanotexture and Wetting Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane from Very Hydrophobic to Super‐Hydrophobic by Plasma Processing
Authors: Tsougeni Katerina , Tserepi Angeliki , Boulousis George , Constantoudis Vassilios , Gogolides Evangelos
Published: May 2007

Oxygen plasma processing of thermally cured PDMS films results in controlled surface nano‐texturing and wettability. Such treatment of thermally crosslinked PDMS produces spontaneously formed wavy structures on the surface with high nano‐scale amplitude and with periodicity of a few 100 nm. With increasing plasma treatment duration, roughness increased while periodicity decreased, resulting in surfaces of enhanced surface area exploited for the enhancement and control of surface hydrophobicity when followed by Fluorocarbon (FC) film coating of the PDMS surface. We achieved hydrophobic surfaces and super‐hydrophobic surfaces. The mechanisms responsible for the plasma‐induced PDMS surface nanotexturing are discussed, and the variations of the wetting properties have been explained using the Wenzel or Cassie‐Baxter models.

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Deposition of Organic Coatings at Atmospheric Pressure from Liquid Precursors
Authors: Tatoulian Michael , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzaneh , Borra Jean‐Pascal
Published: May 2007

This paper reports on the deposition of organic coatings on flat substrates using atmospheric pressure plasma systems. Special attention will be paid on the use of liquid monomer as the precursor, injected directly into the plasma region, or in post‐discharge. We will also present an original technology that combines a dielectric barrier discharge and an electrohydro dynamic atomisation (EHDA) system to deposit well‐defined polyacrylic acid films. The advantage of such system is the possibility to limit the extent of the monomer fragmentation and to give rise to rapid deposition of a highly functionalised plasma polymer layer.

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Role of the Active Species of Plasmas Involved in the Modification of Textile Materials
Authors: Canal Cristina , Gaboriau Freddy , Molina Ricardo , Erra Pilar , Ricard André
Published: May 2007

The role of the active species involved in the superficial modification of natural and manmade fibers is discussed for the example of wool and PA6 fabrics treated by means of post‐discharge plasmas (N2, N2 + 23% O2, O2) to avoid UV radiation, ions, electrons and other species present in direct plasma discharges. The active species present in the N2 post‐discharge have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated by means of optical emission spectroscopy. Their action on the surface of the fibers has been analyzed by dynamic contact angle, revealing an improved wettability that has been attributed to the generation of new chemical groups and the reduction/elimination of the fatty layer on the surface of wool.

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Magnetic Mesoporous Fluoropolymer Nanospheres from Plasma Processes and Adsorption of Surface‐Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zong Bao Y. , Shang Zeng H. , Kang En T. , Neoh Koon G.
Published: May 2007

Mesoporous fluoropolymer nanospheres of 200–300 nm in size were directly prepared via one‐pot plasma polymerization and deposition of solid fluoropolymer nanospheres, followed by controlled argon plasma dry etching. Films of the assembled mesoporous fluoropolymer spheres exhibited an ultra‐low dielectric constant of about 1.7. Adsorption of surface‐modified PtFe nanoparticles of about 3 nm in size onto the mesoporous structure produced mesoporous fluoropolymer spheres with ferro‐magnetic properties.

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Tyrosine–heme ligation in heme–peptide complex: design based on conserved motif of catalase
Authors: Rai Jagdish , Raghothama S. , Sahal D.
Published: May 2007

On the basis of evolutionary conservation of sequence in catalases, we have designed a heme‐binding peptide (Ac‐RLKSYTDTQISR12‐(GGGG)‐CRIVHC22‐NH2) for the ‘redox activity modulation’ of heme. Heme‐binding studies showed a blue‐shifted Soret (369 nm) in the presence of TFE and a red‐shifted Soret (418 nm) in the absence of TFE. These blue‐ and red‐shifted Sorets suggest ligation through tyrosinate and histidine, respectively. This is the first designed peptide ligating to heme through tyrosine. NMR studies have confirmed that tyrosine ligation to heme in this heme‐peptide complex occurs only in the presence of TFE. We suggest that TFE induces helicity in the peptide and brings the arginine and tyrosine in proximity, resulting in ionization of the phenolic side chain of tyrosine. In the absence of TFE, the unstructured peptide lacks the intra‐molecular Arg+Tyr− ion pair, allowing heme binding to histidine. This peptide has significant peroxidase activity though it does not have catalase activity. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation‐wavelength‐dependent charge transfer resonance of bipyridines on silver nanoparticles: surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study
Authors: Lim Jong Kuk , Joo Sang‐Woo
Published: May 2007

Charge transfer (CT) resonance mechanisms of 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐BiPy), 2,4′‐bipyridine (2,4′‐BiPy), and 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐BiPy) on silver nanoparticle surfaces have been comparatively investigated by means of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at the excitation wavelengths of 457, 514, 633, and 785 nm. A combination of the electromagnetic (EM) and charge transfer (CT) contributions should affect the SERS intensities for the bipyridine compounds adsorbed on silver nanoparticle surfaces. The CT resonance is assumed to occur in dissimilar ways for the bipyridine compounds, as evidenced from their different excitation‐wavelength‐dependent SERS enhancement factors. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the level of B3LYP/LANL2DZ have been carried out for the bipyridine‐Ag complexes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stress response to acute stroke
Authors: O'Connell Janice E. , Gray Christopher S.
Published: May 2007

Acute ischaemic cerebral insult results in a systemic metabolic response producing increased secretion of stress hormones with resultant hyperglycaemia. Reactive hyperglycaemia following stroke is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. The ischaemic cascade to neuronal cell death occurs in response to changes in cerebral perfusion and metabolism. This cascade may be influenced by the stress response which may have implications for treatment in the future.
Sensemaking and sensegiving in strategic change initiation
Authors: Gioia Dennis A. , Chittipeddi Kumar
Published: May 2007

This paper reports an ethnographic study of the initiation of a strategic change effort in a large, public university. It develops a new framework for understanding the distinctive character of the beginning stages of strategic change by tracking the first year of the change through four phases (labeled as envisioning, signaling, re‐visioning, and energizing). This interpretive approach suggests that the CEO's primary role in instigating the strategic change process might best be understood in terms of the emergent concepts of ‘sensemaking’ and ‘sensegiving’. Relationships between these central concepts and other important theoretical domains are then drawn and implications for understanding strategic change initiation are discussed.
Critique of Henry Mintzberg's ‘The design school: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management’
Authors: Ansoff H. Igor
Published: May 2007

Mintzberg's (1990) critique of the ‘design school’ of strategic management is evaluated on two criteria: methodological soundness and factual veracity. The critique is found to be deficient on both criteria. Mintzberg's own proposal for the basic principles of strategic management is critiqued using the same criteria. It is found that the exposition is deficient methodologically and that Mintzberg's descriptive and prescriptive assertions are at variance with facts observable in the current practice of strategic management. The variance is found to be due to several factors: lack of coherence in Mintzberg's presentation; his use of a definition of strategy which is at variance with the current practice of management, his failure to differentiate between prescriptive and descriptive statements; and his failure to define the context for his prescriptions. Using recent empirical research results on strategic success behaviors, Mintzberg's model is placed in a limited but important context in which it is a valid prescription for successful strategic behavior.
Porter's ‘competitive advantage of nations’: An assessment
Authors: Grant Robert M.
Published: May 2007

Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations is an important book which bridges the gap between strategic management and international economics while contributing substantially to both. Porter's analysis of the impact of national environment on international competitive performance demonstrates the potential for the theory of competitive strategy to rescue international economics from its slide into refined irrelevance, while simultaneously broadening the scope of the theory of competitive strategy to encompass both the international dimension and the dynamic context of competition. Nevertheless, the breadth and relevance of Porter's analysis have been achieved at the expense of precision and determinancy. Concepts are often ill defined, theoretical relationships poorly specified, and empirical data chosen selectively and interpreted subjectively.
Research notes and communications management and organizational change: A note on the railroad industry
Authors: Grimm Curtis M. , Smith Ken G.
Published: May 2007

Hypotheses which relate top‐level managers' age, years of company and industry service, and education to strategic change are studied with a sample of 855 managers from 27 railroads. Results generally support hypotheses that younger managers and those with less experience are more likely to alter their strategies with changing environmental conditions.
Strategy, structure, and performance of U.S. manufacturing and service MNCs: A comparative analysis
Authors: Habib Mohammed M. , Victor Bart
Published: May 2007

This study analyzes the strategy‐structure fit and its effect on the economic performance of 144 U.S. manufacturing and service multinational corporations (MNCs). The results indicate that MNCs, irrespective of being services or manufacturing, choose their organization structure consistent with the theoretical fit prescription for the kind of strategy they are pursuing. However, the strategy‐structure fit had no effect on service MNC economic performance. With manufacturing MNCs, mixed results regarding the fit‐performance linkage were found. Based on the findings, implications and directions for future research are suggested.
Deregulation, strategic choice, risk and financial performance
Authors: Reger Rhonda K. , Duhaime Irene M. , Stimpert J. L.
Published: May 2007

This study explores the effects of regulation and deregulation on strategic choice and performance in the U.S. banking industry. Drawing on literature from strategic management, industrial organization economics, and organization theory, we develop a framework which suggests that regulatory scope and regulatory incrementalism influence strategic choice and performance. A path analytic model is used to empirically examine these influences. The results suggest that deregulation has direct effects on firms' strategic choices and both direct and indirect effects on risk and return.
Profit center manager compensation: An examination of market, political and human capital factors
Authors: Fisher Joseph , Govindarajan Vijay
Published: May 2007

A model of the determinants of profit center manager (PCM) compensation is presented and tested. Market, political and human capital factors are included in the model development and testing. Based on a sample from several industries, this study found a complex set of variables affecting PCM compensation.
Sources of value in takeovers: Synergy or restructuring–implications for target and bidder firms
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan
Published: May 2007

Advocates of the market for corporate control argue that takeover bids should be accepted because unsuccessful targets tend to lose market value. Other researchers argue that takeover bids should be rejected because the combined firms often perform poorly. However, missing in this debate is the influence of the source of takeover gains on the decision to reject or accept takeover bids. This study posits that value from takeovers can be created by synergy or restructuring. The study suggests that only if the synergy component is dominant should the target firm agree to be taken over. The study then tests the dominance of the source of value in takeovers by examining takeovers that were unsuccessful. The study concludes that, first, restructuring, not synergy, motivated the sample studied and target firms can create the same value independently. Second the need for restructuring was industry‐wide. However, even if restructuring is the motive behind a takeover, the target firm has to carry out the restructuring, failing which it does not create any value. The study also suggests reasons for the ambiguous findings in the strategic management merger literature.
Research notes and communications development and validation of the strategic locus of control scale
Authors: Hodgkinson Gerard P.
Published: May 2007

Previous studies investigating the role of locus of control beliefs in relation to strategy‐making behavior, organizational structure, performance and environment have employed the well known Rotter (1966) I‐E scale. Unfortunately, however, this scale is beset by a number of problems which render it unsuitable for studies of business organizations, namely, that the items comprising the scale lack context‐specificity and its well known tendency to correlate with measures of social desirability response set. This paper describes the development of a new measure designed to overcome these limitations. The measure, intended specifically for investigating locus of control beliefs in relation to issues of strategic management, assesses the extent to which respondents regard their own and other organizations' strategic issues to be resolved by the systematic application of strategic management techniques (e.g. environmental analysis, strategic planning, etc) or through external environmental forces (e.g. the actions of powerful competitors, unforeseen chance events, etc) largely beyond the control of organizations. Data is presented from two samples which indicate that the measure demonstrates acceptable reliability and construct validity.
A new productivity paradigm for competitive advantage
Authors: Istvan Rudyard L.
Published: May 2007

A decade of observed large differences in productivity driven competitive advantage cannot be explained by traditional productivity notions or conventional strategic analysis. We conclude on both empirical and theoretical grounds that most traditional sources of productivity have encountered diminishing marginal returns. Large competitive differences appear to arise from a new productivity source, nonlinear systems dynamics in business organizations. This has both theoretical and practical consequences for managing toward competitive advantage and requires a new approach to management, control, and organization.
Research notes and communications strategic planning as competitive advantage
Authors: Powell Thomas C.
Published: May 2007

Since 1970, over forty empirical studies have examined the performance consequences of formal strategic planning. This line of research has drawn heavy criticism from reviewers on methodological grounds, and has produced confusing, apparently contradictory results. This article reevaluates the planning‐performance relationship from a resource perspective, arguing that strategic planning does not satisfy the criteria for sustainable competitive advantage– although it may produce economic value, it is easily imitated and may be substitutable. The article suggests that previous studies produced inconsistent results because they did not account for the dissemination of strategic planning over time, or for industry differences in strategic planning factor markets. An empirical test in two industries finds that formal strategic planning and financial performance are unrelated in a ‘planning equilibrium’ industry, but positively related in an industry with strategic planning factor market imperfections.
The choice of organizational form: Vertical financial ownership versus other methods of vertical integration
Authors: Mahoney Joseph T.
Published: May 2007

Vertical integration is a fundamental corporate strategy of interest to the fields of strategic management and organizational economics. This paper synthesizes theoretical arguments and empirical findings from this literature to identify the underlying advantages and disadvantages of choosing vertical financial ownership relative to vertical contracts. It then suggests that in the absence of agency and transaction costs, vertical financial ownership and vertical contracting are equivalent governance structures for achieving corporate objectives. However, given a world of positive agency and transaction costs, the key theoretic question then becomes predicting when market mechanisms are sufficient, when intermediate forms of vertical contracting become necessary, and when vertical financial ownership becomes the preferred governance structure. The concluding section of the paper provides a framework for making this analysis based on a synthesis of agency and transaction costs perspectives.
The role of managerial learning and interpretation in strategic persistence and reorientation: An empirical exploration
Authors: Lant Theresa K. , Milliken Frances J. , Batra Bipin
Published: May 2007

This study uses a managerial learning framework to build and test a model of the decisionmaking process that drives decisions to strategically reorient an organization. The model examines the effects of past performance, managerial interpretations, and top management team characteristics on the likelihood of strategic reorientation in two distinct environmental contexts. The results indicate that poor past performance, environmental awareness, top management team heterogeneity, and CEO turnover increased the likelihood of reorientation. There are some differences in the ways in which these variables affect reorientation across the two environmental contexts. Poor past performance was more strongly associated with reorientation in the stable environment than in the turbulent environment. The tendency to make external attributions for poor performance outcomes decreased the likelihood of reorientation in the turbulent environment, but not in the stable environment.
Are market pioneers intrinsically stronger than later entrants?
Authors: Robinson William T. , Fornell Claes , Sullivan Mary
Published: May 2007

Are market pioneers more successful because they started with superior skills and resources? The absolute pioneer advantage hypothesis is that because market pioneering is desirable, firms with superior skills and resources naturally choose to pioneer new markets. The comparative advantage hypothesis is that market evolution changes success requirements. Market pioneer skills and resources differ from, but are not superior to later entrants. Empirical results across 171 diversification entrants tend to support the comparative advantage hypothesis. Skill and resource profiles are provided for market pioneers, early followers, and late entrants.
Experience report on using object‐oriented design for software maintenance
Authors: Schneidewind Norman F.
Published: May 2007

We experimented with modifying the existing object‐oriented (OO) design and C++ code of a software reliability model. Our purpose was to assess the efficacy of OO methods for performing maintenance on mathematical software, using a real‐world system (NASA Space Shuttle flight software) to illustrate the approach. In this process, we used variants of UML diagrams to modify our design. We found that although a top‐down approach to software maintenance is normally a good idea, it was still necessary to modify the design once the realities of what could be accomplished in the C++ code came to light. As reliability and maintenance are intimately related, we developed reliability risk analysis to show how maintenance changes to our design and code could be used to measure risk. Another maintenance enhancement to the design and code is the use of reliability parameter analysis to assess, in the advance of prediction, the reliability of a set of software releases. We believe this is the first evaluation of software maintenance using OO methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychoses: Diagnosis and treatment in the elderly
Authors: Jeste Dilip V. , McClure Fauzia Simjee
Published: May 2007

With our aging population it is important to understand the risk factors, causes, differential diagnoses, and treatment modalities related to psychotic disorders in elderly patients.
Issues involved in assessing competency
Authors: Chen Frank Y. , Grossberg George T.
Published: May 2007

Competency evaluation requires integration of clinical assessments into the established legal framework. Understanding the applications and legal consequences of competency evaluation will allow improved medical, financial, and legal planning for an older patient with progressive cognitive impairment.
The psychiatrist's role in occupational mental health
Authors: McLean Alan A.
Published: May 2007

The psychiatrist can make an important and unique contribution to occupational mental health programs.
Depression in the chronically mentally ill elderly
Authors: Perse Teri , Howell Timothy , Jefferson James W.
Published: May 2007

Depression in the elderly is a major mental health problem. It may occur as the primary psychiatric disorder or in association with coexisting conditions, such as dementia, schizophrenia, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Appropriate diagnosis and effective treatment can do much to reduce the impact of this chronic mental illness.
Management, administration, leadership: What's in a name?
Authors: Talbott John A.
Published: May 2007

This chapter incorporates the semantics and theory of generic administration into concrete suggestions to enhance the delivery of mental health services in the immediate future.
The economics of behavioral health carve‐outs
Authors: Frank Richard G. , McGuire Thomas G.
Published: May 2007

Behavioral health care carve‐outs provide efficiencies of specialization; direct payer carve‐outs also eliminate risk selection.
Medicaid managed care for special need populations: Behavioral health as “tracer condition”
Authors: Hurley Robert E. , Draper Debra A.
Published: May 2007

Medicaid's embrace of managed care and aggressive purchasing must be employed in a balanced and thoughtful way in serving vulnerable populations.
Total quality management in behavioral health care
Authors: Sluyter Gary V.
Published: May 2007

The literature on total quality management or continuous quality improvement in the behavioral health care field is just beginning to emerge. Although most of the evidence on its effectiveness remains anecdotal, it seems clear that it can work in behavioral health care organizations with strong leadership support and a long‐term commitment.
Assessment of spirituality and implications for service planning
Authors: Fallot Roger D.
Published: May 2007

Assessing the role that religious or spiritual concerns play in the lives of people with severe mental disorders is crucial if clinicians are to determine whether those concerns can be successfully incorporated into service planning.
Are consumers going to the dogs (and cats and birds)?
Authors: Hennings Barbara A.
Published: May 2007

Pets can fill some of the many voids in a person's life. Pets give people with severe mental illnesses something to care for, a reason and a need to get up in the morning, and a reason to stay out of the hospital.
State hospitals in the twenty‐first century: A formulation
Authors: Spulding William D.
Published: May 2007

Readers are invited to evaluate the degree to which ideologies are influencing mental health planning and policy development activities in their own system.
The mental health organizations
Authors: Ross Kathryn V. , McFarland Bentson H.
Published: May 2007

The mental health organizations in the mental health phase‐in were Oregon's pioneers moving into public managed care. A delicate balance between county mental health authority and private expertise was struck locally to yield a variety of organizational models across the state.
Measuring change: The first two years
Authors: Ross Kathryn V.
Published: May 2007

A clear measurement strategy was required to offer the mental health organizations the flexibility they sought, yet ensure accountability. Early findings show mixed results.
Therapeutic use of conservatorship in the treatment of gravely disabled psychiatric patients
Authors: Lamb H. Richard , Weinberger Linda E.
Published: May 2007

Mental health conservatorship can play an important role in the clinical management and treatment of persons with severe mental illness.
Postbuckling Behavior of a Simply Supported Infinite Strip Under the Action of Shearing Forces
Authors: Yamkai Noboru
Published: May 2007

Based on the von Kármán's equation of plates with large deflections, theoretical solutions are presented for the postbuckling behavior of a simply supported infinite strip under shear. Galerkin's method is used and the problem is solved in the two limiting cases where the edges are freely movable and perfectly immovable towards each other. Through numerical calculations, the connections of the overall shear deformation, effective width, form of the buckled surface and stress state of the plate, with applied shear load, are clarified. The load‐carrying capacity of the plate is also determined under the yield condition of von Mises.
Two‐Dimensional Flow of Power Law Fluids in the Inlet Length of a Straight Channel II
Authors: Kapur J. N. , Gupta R. C.
Published: May 2007

The use of two fourth degree velocity profiles in the integration of boundary layer equations by Kármán‐Pohlhausen's method for the inlet length of a straight channel has been studied and for both profiles, the inlet length, the velocity profiles in the inlet length and the pressure drop upto any point in the channel have been obtained.
The Shallow Spherical Shell Subjected to Point Load or Hot Spot
Authors: Reismann Herbert , Thurston Gaylen A. , Holston Alvin A.
Published: May 2007

This investigation extends the method of singular solutions to encompass the treatment of the boundary value problem of shallow spherical shells with circular boundaries. The shell or shell frustrum is assumed to be subjected to arbitrarily located transverse point loads or hot spots. A specific example, the clamped, shallow spherical shell under eccentric point load is discussed in detail.
Die Grundgleichungen der technischen Schalentheorie
Authors: Heuck Klaus
Published: May 2007

Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Herleitung der Grundgleichungen der technischen Schalentheorie und mit der Besprechung ihrer Lösungen. Da die übliche Herleitung einige Voraussetzungen umfaßt, deren Tragweite schlecht abzuschätzen ist und die darüber hinaus teilweise in sich widerspruchsvoll sind, wird ein anderes Verfahren angewandt, das von sechs unabhängigen Voraussetzungen ausgeht, deren Gültigkeit in jedem Einzelfall leicht nachgeprüft werden kann. Anschließend werden die drei Haupttypen von Lösungen behandelt, nämlich Membranspannungszustände, dehnungslose Biegung und Randstörungen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sie alle den oben genannten sechs Voraussetzungen entsprechen. Schließlich wird bewiesen, daß es eine große Klasse von Schalen gibt, in der diese drei Lösungen die einzig möglichen sind. Einige Beispiele dienen zur Veranschaulichung der theoretischen Überlegungen.
Error Estimates for Luke's Approximation Formulas for Bessel and Hankel Functions
Authors: Krumhaar Hans
Published: May 2007

Error estimates are presented for approximation formulas for Bessel functions Jn(z) and for the Hankel functions H0(1)(z) and H1(2)(z). These approximation formulas are obtained by means of the trapezoidal rule according to Luke. The error estimates are valid in the case of Bessel funtions for arbitrary real or complex argument z, they hold in the case of the Hankel functions for arguments z with a positive imaginary part. Use is made of Luke's results, some of them are repeated in order to make this paper self‐contained. In order to derive the error estimates for the Hankel functions some inequalities are engaged for the Gamma function with certain complex arguments and for Bessel functions of certain complex orders.
Eine Vereinfachung des Verfahrens von Le Verrier — Horst zur Aufstellung des charakteristischen Polynoms einer Matrix
Authors: Krämer H.
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine Methode angegeben, die es erlaubt, den Rechenaufwand beim Verfahren von Le Verrier [1] — Horst [2] Für n > 1 von n4 auf n7/2 zu senken.
Über Fluchtliniennomogramme mit einer algebraischen Kurve vierter Ordnung als Skalenträger
Authors: Wodicka R.
Published: May 2007

Ein Fluchtliniennomogramm mit vier Skalen für je eine reelle Veränderliche stellt zwei funktionale Verknüpfungen dieser vier Veränderlichen dar. Die Soreauschen Gleichungen geben diese beiden Verknüpfungen in impliziter Form. Liegen die vier Skalen des Nomogramms auf ein und derselben algebraischen Kurve vierter Ordnung, die nicht oder in nicht mehrfach zählende Bestandteile zerfällt, so können die beiden Verknüpfungen auch mit Hilfe des Abelschen Theorems für die Abelschen Integrale erster Gattung der algebraischen Kurve vierter Ordnung angegeben werden.
Über das dreidimensionale Problem der Elastokinetik
Authors: Teodorescu P. P.
Published: May 2007

Es wird eine Formulierung in Spannungen für das kinetische dreidimensionale Problem der homogenen, isotropen und linear elastischen Körper angegeben. Damit kann man das Problem der stationären Schwingungen und das Problem der Eigenschwingungen für endliche Bereiche in Parallelepipedform, sowie für alle unendliche Bereiche, die sich aus diesen ergeben, wenn eine oder mehrere Flächen ins Unendliche geworfen werden, (z. B. für den Halbraum, den Achtelraum, das Band u. s. w.) lösen.
Verschiedene Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Schranken für die Schwingungsdauer bei freien, ungedämpften Schwingungen
Authors: Müller P. C.
Published: May 2007

Für die Schwingungszeit nichtlinearer, freier, ungedämpfter Schwingungen werden mit Hilfe verschiedener Näherungsverfahren obere und untere Schranken gewonnen. Es wird gezeigt, daß für gewisse Rückführfunktionen die Schranken beliebig verbessert werden können.
Proof that all Dynamic Universal Solutions are Quasi‐Equilibrated
Authors: Wang C. ‐C.
Published: May 2007

This paper gives some necessary conditions for static or dynamic universal solutions of compressible or incompressible simple bodies. In particular, it is proved that all dynamic universal solutions are quasi‐equilibrated.
Die Stabilität elliptischer Zylinderschalen bei reiner Biegung
Authors: Weinitschke H. J.
Published: May 2007

Das nichtlineare Problem der reinen Biegung dünnwandiger Rohre mit gerader Achse und elliptischem Querschnitt wird auf der Grundlage einer von E. Reissner entwickelten Theorie langer zylindrischer Rohre behandelt. Das sich dabei ergebende Randwertproblem wird einmal durch Entwicklung nach einem Krümmungsparameter, zum anderen durch Reduktion auf ein System nichtlinearer Integralgleichungen gelöst. Spannungen und Deformationen werden in Abhängigkeit von dem am Rohrende angebrachten Moment berechnet, insbesondere werden das kritische Moment und die kritische Krümmung bestimmt, für die das Rohr infolge der Querschnittsverflachung instabil wird. Die Behandlung umfaßt sowohl Biegung um die große Halbachse, als auch Biegung um die kleine Halbachse.
An Iterative Linear Prediction Method
Authors: Hjorth U.
Published: May 2007

Let ξ(t) be a (possibly non stationary) stochastic process that we want to predict. When ξ(t) has mean zero and known covariance function a method is given for constructing a sequence of predictors, each predictor being a finite linear combination of observed process values. Asymptotic convergence to the optimal linear predictor is proved and very rapid convergence is indicated by an example.

Then the unbiased linear prediction problem is shown to be equivalent to conventional prediction of a transformed process with mean zero and thus solvable by the iterative method.

Prediction when the mean is replaced by a sum of functions with random coefficients is touched upon.

In a numerical study is shown how varying knowledge about the process mean can affect the prediction errors.
Equations of Motion of Nonholonomic Dynamical Systems in Poincaré‐Četaev
Authors: Ghori Q. K. , Hussain M.
Published: May 2007

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt eine Erweiterung der Poincaréschen Bewegungsleichungen für dynamische Systeme, deren Bewegung nichtlinearen nichtholonomen Zwangsbedingungen vom Četaev‐Typ unterworfen ist. Bei der Ableitung der Bewegungsgleichungen werden die Methoden von Chaplygin, Hamel und Appel verwendet, und es wird die äquivalenz der mit den verschiedenen Methoden gewonnenen Ergebnisse nachgewiesen. Am Beispiel einer auf einem Drehtisch rollenden Kugel werden die verschiedenen Formen der Bewegungsgleichungen vorgeführt.
Linearized Solutions for Circular Jets
Authors: Pozzi A. , Bianchini A.
Published: May 2007

In dieser Arbeit wird unter Bezugnahme auf das Schlichtingsche Modell die allgemeine linearisierte Lösung für das Problem eines kreisrunden zähflüssigen Strahls vorgestellt. Die sie darstellenden Ausdrücke enthalten eine nicht spezifizierte Funktion F, welche die Störung kennzeichnet, die das zugrunde gelegte Modell erfährt.
Free Convection Effects on the Oscillatory Flow of an incompressible, Electriccally Conducting, Viscous Fluid past an Infinite, Vertical Porous Plate with Constant Suction and the Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Soundalgekar V. M.
Published: May 2007

An analysis of a two‐dimensional, unsteady flow of an incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting fluid past an infinite, vertical, porous plate is carried out under the following assumptions: (i) the suction velocity normal to the plate is constant (ii) the free stream velocity oscillates in time about a constant mean (iii) the plate temperature is constant (iv) the difference between the temperature of the plate and the free stream is moderately large causing the free convection currents (v) the transverse magnetic field (vi) the magnetic Reynolds number is very small and hence the induced magnetic field is negligible.

Approximate solutions to the coupled, non‐linear equations governing the flow are derived. The mean flow is described in a separate paper, whereas the expressions for the transient velocity, the transient temperature, the amplitude and the phase of the skin‐friction and the rate of heat transfer are derived in this paper. They are shown graphically. During the course of discussion, the effects of different values of ± G (Grashof number), P (Prandtl number), ± E (Eckert number), M (Magnetic field parameter) and ω (frequency) are discussed quantitatively. Also the effects of heating (G < 0) or cooling (G > 0) of the plate in the presence of the magnetic field are discussed. In sec. 3, the conclusions are presented.
On the Asymptotic Structure of Turbulent Transfer Coefficients
Authors: Criminale W. O.
Published: May 2007

Rather than use the concept of eddy coefficients, the analysis presented here is an attempt to provide an alternative method for investigating the transport of scalar quantities due to turbulence near a solid boundary. The basis of the theoretical model stems from the concept put forth by Sternberg (1962, 1965) for the viscous sublayer and hence the the results are considered valid in the limiting sense as the boundary is approached. It is possible to directly evaluate turbulent transfer, and thereby an indication of the structure in this region is provided. Under the assumption of passivity, only the boundary layer over a flat plate is considered quantitatively in detail but extension to cases with more complexity is equally applicable. It is found that the three‐dimensionality is essential to the fluctuating field within the molecular sublayer and even here the turbulent transfer becomes negative just before vanishing at the boundary. The combined sum of the turbulent and the molecular transfer is, however, positive.
Schwache Konvergenz von Multipolentwicklungen
Authors: Wünsche A.
Published: May 2007

Es werden Multipolentwicklungen der Strom‐ und Ladungsdichte und des elektromagnetischen Feldes für den gesamten auch mit Quellen belegten Raum betrachtet, die auf Reihen singulärer verallgemeinerter Funktionen führen. Mit der Theorie der verallgemeinerten Funktionen wird gezeigt, daß diese Multipolentwicklungen für beliebige finite, aber auch für schnell im Unendlichen verschwindende Quellverteilungen über Räumen von gewissen auf dem Träger der Verteilungen analytischen Funktionen schwach konvergieren. Im Falle nichtfiniter im Unendlichen schnell verschwindender Verteilungen sind dies Räume ganzer analytischer Funktionen von nicht zu hoher Wachstumsordnung, wobei die Ordnung in Abhängigkeit von der Schnelligkeit des Verschwindens der Verteilungen im Unendlichen bestimmt wird. Die Multipolentwicklungen der Strom‐ und Ladungsdichte gehen nach räumlicher Fourier‐Transformation in Taylor‐ Reihenentwicklungen der Fourier‐ Transformierten der Strom‐ und Ladungsdichte nach dem Wellenvektor über. Im Zusammenhang mit der schwachen Konvergenz der Multipolentwicklungen werden Fragen der Reduzibilität der eingeführten Momente und der Ausreduktion nach irreduziblen Darstellungen der dreidimensionalen orthogonalen Gruppe behandelt.
Thermal Response in Laminated Composites
Authors: Manaker A. M. , Horvay G.
Published: May 2007

A semi‐infinite laminated composite in which the matrix and filler material are aligned parallel to the heat propagation direction is considered. At x = 0, there is applied a harmonic boundary heat flux of y‐periodicity conforming to the periodicity of the layered composite. The Fourier integral solution is decomposed into normal modes. It is shown that this decomposition (which necessitates solution of a complex eigenvalue problem) permits expansion of complex boundary excitation into complex eigenfunctions, the Fourier coefficients being determined by the method of residues. A composite consisting of a nickel matrix and an aluminium filler is considered as a representative example. Real and imaginary parts of the calculated boundary flux are shown to approach the prescribed values, 1 and 0, respectively. The ensuing temperature distribution throughout the composite is also illustrated.
Bestimmung symmetrischer transsonischer Profilströmungen mittels Legendre‐Transformation
Authors: Strehmel K.
Published: May 2007

Die nichtlineare partielle Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung für das Geschwindigkeitspotential in der physikalischen Ebene wird durch die Legendre‐Transformation in eine lineare partielle Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung für das konjugierte Potential in der Hodographenebene überführt. Diese Differentialgleichung wird dann derart modifiziert, daß Partikulärlösungen ein mathematisches Modell für ebene stetige transsonische Profilströmungen liefern. Die Anströmung erfolgt dabei unterkritisch.
Iterative Berechnung des elektrostatischen Potentials in der Umgebung offener Flächen
Authors: Ehrich Matthias
Published: May 2007

Die Lösung des nachstehend behandelten gemischten Randwertproblems läßt sich als Summe der Lösungen einer Folge von Randwertaufgaben erster und zweiter Art iterativ bestimmen. Dazu wird das auf einem Abschnitt der Hüllfläche vorgegebene Potential über dieses Gebiet hinaus mittels einer beliebigen stetigen Funktion fortgesetzt. Die Durchführung des Iterationsverfahrens in einem Koordinatensystem, das eine Separation der Laplace‐Gleichung zuläßt, zeigt die Unabhängigkeit der resultierenden Potentialbeziehung vom Verlauf der genannten Funktion.
Die numerische Behandlung der linearen Stabilitätstheorie allgemeiner Rotationsschalen
Authors: Başar Y.
Published: May 2007

Die lineare Stabilitätstheorie von Rotationsschalen wird zunächst durch ein System gekoppelter Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung beschrieben, das dann mit dem Mehrstellenverfahren numerisch behandelt wird. Zur Lösung der unsymmetrischen Eigenwertaufgabe wird die Methode der inversen Iteration verwendet. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens zur Ermittlung der kritischen Last wird anhand von Beispielen erläutert.
Die Konstruktion eines asymptotischen Fundamentalsystems für eine lineare Differentialgleichung vom hydrodynamischen Typ
Authors: Roos H.‐G.
Published: May 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Wendepunktsproblem für eine lineare Differentialgleichung sechster Ordnung behandelt. In einem äußeren und einem inneren Gebiet werden formale Lösungen konstruiert, und deren asymptotischer Charakter wird nachgewiesen. Damit wird für die bei der Untersuchung der Stabilität einer thermisch geschichteten Poiseulle‐Strömung in bezug auf kleine Störungen grundlegende Differentialgleichung erstmalig für eine beliebige Prandtl‐Zahl ein vollständiges asymptotisches Fundamentalsystem angegeben.
Spektralanalyse einer Klasse von periodisch instationären stochastischen Impulsprozessen
Authors: Renger A.
Published: May 2007

Es wird das Frequenzangebot von stochastischen Impulserregungen mit zufallsgestörtem periodischem Takt statistisch beschrieben. Dabei erweist es sich als notwendig, den Distributionenkalkül zu benutzen.
Polymerization of drying oils. III. Some observations on reaction of maleic anhydride with methyl oleate and methyl linoleate
Authors: Teeter H. M. , Geerts M. J. , Cowan J. C.
Published: May 2007

Adducts of maleic anhydride with methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and monomeric distillate have been prepared. Reaction of the adducts with ethylene diamine gave a linear, soluble polyamide in the case of the oleate adduct, but gelation occurred at a low degree of reaction with other adducts. The linoleate adduct was separated into monomeric and polymeric components. It is suggested that this polymeric component is responsible for the rapid gelation of polyamides from the adducts of methyl linoleate and monomeric distillate.
Studies on the refractive index and dispersion of American tung oil
Authors: Holmes Raiford L. , Pack Frank C.
Published: May 2007

Conclusions

Tung oil has a refractive index and a dispersion so far above those of any other common oil that both are valuable criteria for identification purposes. With proper equipment the dispersion, in addition to the refractive index, can be determined with little extra effort and would confirm the conclusions drawn from the refractive index.

Mixtures of tung oil with another vegetable oil (except oiticica and other rare conjugated oils) can be analyzed to within 0.5% from the refractive index for either the sodium or the mercury line if the refractive indices of the separate oils are known. The mixtures can be analyzed from the dispersion to within about 1% of the correct composition if the dispersions of the separate oils are known. If the adulterating oil is not known the adulteration can be more closely estimated from the depression of the dispersion than from the depression of the refractive index.

When tung oil is bodied by heat the refractive indices for the sodium and mercury lines and the dispersion fall rapidly and continuously to the point of gelation, but the changes are so similar that no worth‐while additional information is obtained by determining more than one refractive index. The fact that refractive index decreases as viscosity increases suggests the use of the refractive index in controlling the bodying of tung oil.

Other things being equal, the refractive index for the mercury line should give more accurate information on tung oil than that for the sodium line because of the greater changes in the refractive index for the mercury line upon adulteration or heating.

A correlation coefficient of 0.83 was found for refractive index with the diene number of tung oil. A lower correlation coefficient was found for refractive index with the iodine number, but the latter would probably be higher if a more accurate method for the determination of the iodine number of tung oil were available.
Mustard seed processing: Bland protein meal, bland oil, and allyl isothiocyanate as a by‐product
Authors: Mustakas G. C. , Kirk L. D. , Griffin E. L.
Published: May 2007

Mustard seed like rapeseed is characterized by the presence of glucosides, which are readily hydrolyzed under certain conditions by enzymes in the seeds to produce pungent 舠mustard oils舡. This property is utilized in the preparation of condiments from some varieties of mustard, but when the seed is processed to yield a palatable oil and feed meal, this pungent factor must be removed. This was accomplished in bench‐scale studies at the Northern Laboratory by converting the mustard glucoside enzymatically and removing the converted product, allyl isothiocyanate, during a subsequent cooking step before filtration‐extraction of the meal.
Polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Goebel Charles G.
Published: May 2007

A method is proposed for the preparation of polybasic fat acids or “dimer” acids directly from fatty acids which is readily adaptable to commercial use. The presence of moisture maintained in the reaction vessel by steam pressure substantially prevents decomposition and decarboxylation of the fatty acids. By this method a larger percentage of dibasic acids, as compared to tribasic acids, is produced than by the previously described methods. The method of high temperature polymerization of fatty acids in the presence of moisture is also used to remove polyunsaturated fatty acids from commercial oleic acid.
Computation forms relating to the component acid analysis of marine animal oils by the ester fractionation method
Authors: Rapson W. S. , Schwartz Miss H. M. , Stoy R. H. , Van Rensburg N. J.
Published: May 2007

Computation schemes have been found of assistance in calculations relating to the component acid analysis of marine animal oils by the ester fractionation method; these are described.