bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Mechanism of Drug Pair of Astragalus Membranaceus and Acorus Tatarinowii in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huang Xiuting , Zhang Xiujin , Li Xiangning , Wang Haozhen , Lu Chen , Lu Ziyin , Lu Xiuli
Published: November 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of central nervous system, which seriously threatens the life and health of the elderly people. It has been for long time that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for AD is effective. This study analyzed the potential target and molecular mechanism of the most often used drug pair of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii to treat AD by network pharmacological method. Firstly, the method was performed to screen and sort out the active ingredients with good ADME properties and drug targets of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii. Then, we searched for the disease targets related to AD, followed by the construction of the “active ingredients-target-disease” network. We implemented GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of related overlapped target proteins, and then constructed the “target-pathway” network diagram. Finally, the above overlapped target proteins are mapped to build a PPI high-position protein interoperability network, and we conducted the network topology analysis to screen out the core targets of Astragalus membranaceus-Acorus tatarinowii drug pair in the treatment of AD. According to network pharmacology, this research predicted the potential targets of the drug pair of Astragalus membranaceus and Acorus tatarinowii in the treatment of AD, and explored that Astragalus membranaceus-Acorus tatarinowii drug pair in the treatment of AD was the overall systematic regulating action of “multiple-ingredients, multiple-target and multiple-pathway”. It affords the reference for understanding the pathogenesis of AD and exploring new therapeutic methods and drug development in the future.
Could We Use Vital Signs and Lactate Levels Together to Predict the Prognosis in Abdominal Pain?
Authors: Froohari Damarsoy Filiz , Metin Aksu Nalan , Öztürk Elif , Akkaş Meltem
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Abdominal pain occupies most of the emergency department admissions. This entity leads to research various markers for the early detection of causes in patients presenting with abdominal pain. There is limited data about collaborations between lactate levels and vital signs at admission in abdominal pain.

Materials and Methods: Patients aged 18 years and older, who had presented with abdominal pain to the Emergency Department, in total 102 patients, were included to the study. The patients’ demographics, vital signs, abdominal physical examination findings, diagnosis and outcomes of patients were recorded. The 1 ml venous blood samples were collected by blood gase injectors from the patients and lactate levels were analyzed.

Results: Female patients’ percentile was 68,6% and mean age was 39 years old. The systolic blood pressure levels were normal in 45 patients, low in 26% patients and high in 29% patients. The seventy-six of the patients had normal pulse rate and 26 of them were tachycardic. Most common diagnosis was non-specific abdominal pain (37,25%) and the least common was ovarian torsion/intracystic hemorrhage (0,98%) and obstruction due to hernia (0,98%). There was no statistically significant relation between lactate level and pulse rate (p=0,637), systolic blood pressure (p=0,052), diastolic blood pressure (p=0,095), respiratory rate (p=0,527), body temperature (p=0,040) and oxygen saturation (p=0,905). Similarly, no significant association occurred between lactate levels and diagnosis and outcomes.

Conclusion: Further studies including more patients groups have to be done in order to attain more reliable data about this topic.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Menulis Ilmiah Berbasis Teks Melalui ADDIE Model pada Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia FKIP Universitas Jambi 2017/2018
Authors: Purba Andiopenta
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe; (1) Text-based Scientific Writing syllabus model, and (2) Text-based Scientific Writing teaching materials model. The research method used is the EDDIE model development research method. Data were collected using a questionnaire technique, for the students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program, Jambi University, class of 2017/2018 as many as 40 respondents for the experimental class and 40 for the control class. The results of the study consisted of the syllabus and material. After being tested, it turned out that the teaching materials produced were suitable for use. Research conclusions; (1) The contents of the course syllabus for Writing Scientific Reports that are produced are in accordance with the needs of students. (2) The contents of the scientific report writing teaching materials produced from this study are very suitable to the needs of students. And (3) The syllabus and teaching materials for writing scientific reports produced in this study are feasible and effective in learning Scientific Report Writing at the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program, FKIP, Jambi University.
Penerapan Supervisi Akademik Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Administrasi Penilaian Di SDN 31/IX Sei Landai Muaro Jambi
Authors: Sudiah Sudiah
Published: November 2021

This study aims to improve the pedagogical competence of teachers in preparing assessment administration through academic supervision. In this research, the type of research used is school action research. This research consists of the stages of planning the action, implementing the action, observing, and reflecting. Class observation technique used in data collection techniques. The teacher ability assessment tool (APKG) is in the form of a learning administration assessment instrument using an observation instrument. The comparative descriptive analysis technique is used in analyzing the data by describing it in words or explaining the quantitative data obtained. The results showed that academic supervision could improve the ability of teachers to arrange administrative assessments in learning at SDN 31 / IX Sei Landai by 26.2% as indicated in the results of the study.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas X dengan Menggunakan Running Dictation melalui Materi Agama MAN 3 Kota Jambi
Authors: Novridewi Neny
Published: November 2021

The existence of wisdom to integrate religious sciences and general sciences, then this scientific work seeks to integrate between the science of English education in the world of teaching with the science of religion. Basically whatever science is studied should be able to be integrated with the science of religion. In this journal, researchers explain how an English teaching strategy can be a means of teaching religious science to students of class X MAN 3 Jambi City
Model Revitalisasi Mantra Monda’u Masyarakat Tolaki
Authors: Nuryadin Nuryadin , Ramlin Ramlin
Published: November 2021

Model revitalisasi pelaksanaan tradisi bercocok tanam padi di ladang masyarakat Tolaki yakni, monda’u. Monda’u adalah salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan dan sastra lisan yang belum memiliki dokumentasi secara tertulis. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimanakah model revitalisasi mantra tradisi monda’u dalam bercocok tanam padi ladang ketika mantra tidak di fungsikan lagi, dalam masyarakat Tolaki”. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengrevitalisasitradisi monda’udan mantra monda’u pada proses pelaksanaan bercocok tanam padi ladang masyarakat Tolaki secara umum. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah memberi sumbangsih kepada generasi muda saat ini agar mereka lebih banyak mengetahui tentang betapa pentingnya mempertahankan suatu budaya dan tradisi yang sudah sejak dulu dilakukan oleh nenek moyang kita. Penulis menggunakan metode etnografi, untuk mengungkapkan tradisi lisan yang berada di masyarakat lokal Konawe yang berhubungan dengan revitalisasi tradisi monda’u, revitalisasi pelaksanaan ritual, dan revitalisasi pewarisan mantra monda’u dengan menggunakan kata- kata atau tulis. Kemudian dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan beberapa konsep dan teori sebagai pendukung dalam tulisan ini, adapun konsep dan teorinya adalah: ritual, tradisi lisan, revitalisasi, pewarisan, dan formula.
Meningkatkan Penyesuaian Diri Terhadap Lingkungan Sekolah Melalui Layanan Bimbingan Klasikal Pada Siswa Kelas 7A SMP N 7 Muaro Jambi Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020
Authors: Ariati Parida
Published: November 2021

Penyesuaian diri di sekolah adalah suatu usaha atau proses yang dilakukan oleh seorang individu atau siswa dalam keadaan di lingkungan sekolah yang baru dikenalnya yang bertujuan untuk mencapai suatu hubungan yang harmonis antara lingkungan sekolah yang baru dengan individu tersebut untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Bimbingan klasikal diberikan di kelas dengan materi yang dipersiapkan melalui RPL Bimbingan dan Konseling serta memperhatikan aktivitas agar terjadi interaksi yang membimbing antara guru BK dengan peserta didik dan proses belajar antar konseli. Tujuan bimbingan klasikal adalah membantu konseli agar mampu menyesuaikan diri, mampu mengambil keputusan untuk hidupnya sendiri, mampu beradaptasi dalam kelompok, mampu menerima support atau dapat memberikan support pada teman-temannya. Layanan bimbingan klasikal dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan penyesuaian diri siswa terhadap lingkungan sekolah. Penyesuaian diri siswa sebelum responden memperoleh perlakuan berupa bimbingan klasikal diperoleh kriteria rendah (25%). Setelah mendapatkan bimbingan klasikal, kriteria rendah berkurang (19%) pada siklus I kemudian (0%) pada siklus 2. Pada kategori tinggi dari (3%) meningkat menjadi (34%) dengan demikian, terjadi peningkatan sebesar 31%. Peningkatan tersebut meliputi aspek penyesuaian diri secara positif dan penyesuaian diri secara negatif. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan klasikal mampu meningkatkan penyesuaian diri siswa terhadap lingkungan sekolah. Penyesuaian diri siswa terhadap lingkungan sekolah menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup signifikan setelah memperoleh layanan bimbingan klasikal yang berarti bimbingan klasikal dapat meningkatkan penyesuian diri terhadap lingkungan sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian melalui layanan bimbingan klasikal pada siswa kelas VII A SMPN 7 Muaro Jambi tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 terjadi peningkatan penyesuaian diri terhadap lingkungan sekolah melalui layanan bimbingan klasikal.
Prospects of hydrogen usage as an energy resource
Authors: Situkha O. , Pavlova O. , Pavlov K.
Published: November 2021

The prospects of hydrogen usage, its impact on the ecology of the country are investigated in this paper. The spheres of hydrogen consumption and its purpose are highlighted. The energy value of hydrogen is determined, the factors that define the relevance of hydrogen usage at present are given. The development of hydrogen energy and the need to find new efficient energy sources and develop environmentally friendly alternative fuels based on them due to the catastrophic environmental situation in the country and rapid inflation, which is upturning every day, oil reserves are declining every year, so the price becomes very unattractive. It is known that hydrogen as an environmentally friendly motor fuel is provided with high-tech methods of accumulation and storage, significantly minimizes the emission of harmful substances and can significantly improve the state of the technosphere. In order to develop the plan that will make it possible to use hydrogen in most areas of our lives it is necessary: to involve scientists and interested owners of industrial enterprises, organizations that would unite for getting quick result. However, the business is planning quite «narrow» and not in a large-scale. Combined with comprehensive energy efficiency measures and the development of renewable energy sources, large-scale production and use of hydrogen in Ukraine will decarbonize its energy sector. This will contribute to the strengthening of intersectoral ties and formation of clusters of sustainable development in the economy, strengthening of innovation and investment, creation of new employment opportunities, increase of the Ukrainian enterprises competitiveness, advancing Ukraine in the world rankings for significant improvement of the investment climate. Taking into account the size and expected growth of the existing hydrogen market, the development of renewable hydrogen projects can provide significant investment opportunities for Ukraine. Ukraine is not only one of the richest countries in Europe in terms of renewable resources, but also the country that requires new energy to support economic development. Economic analysis of different methods of hydrogen production, investigation of hydrogen storage technology and making innovative, rational decisions about these processes make it possible to create sustainable and economically feasible strategy that will change the world and ecology of all countries, etc.
Analysis of the state of the migration process of the ukrainian population in the context of domestic and international levels
Authors: Shkurat M. , Pavlotska K.
Published: November 2021

Analysis of the migration process of the Ukrainian population, which takes place within the state and at the international level during 2014–2019 is carried out in this paper. On the basis of scientific works of domestic scientists and institutes the problems which have not been investigated, and also aspects which have been solved partially are defined. The negative consequences of the Ukrainian migration process on the state of the country are identified. The classification of migration flows of the Ukrainian population according to the reasons of movement is carried out. The main regions and countries which, as of the beginning of 2021, are more attractive to compatriots and are characterized by significant influxes of Ukrainians are identified. The main centers of departure – regions and countries – which are characterized by high level of outflow of Ukrainians are determined, the main problems and reasons that motivate the outflow of Ukrainians are highlighted in this paper. The level of growth of the Ukrainian population in terms of migration flows is defined. The investigation of Ukrainian diasporas, territorial location and analysis of their share in comparison is carried out. The main factors that force the Ukrainian population to move, which affects the demographic situation in Ukraine, the level of employment, as well as the amount of cash flows to the country and the state of the economy as a whole are identified. The main regulations and identified solutions to the migration flows of the domestic population, which were approved and implemented in the period from 2001 to 2019 are compared in this paper. On the basis of current and newly introduced strategies, critical analysis of the ways of regulating the migration process of the Ukrainian population is carried out, the main aspects and problems of the implemented migration policy of Ukraine are determined. The results of the work are to identify the main ways to reduce the negative impact of the migration process on the country's economy and related processes, and strategies to benefit from the movement of citizens of Ukraine, namely: introduction of intellectual security, revision of wages by region, stimulating the process of attracting technology in all spheres of activity and formation of the social protection system.
Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wheel Suspension System's Response for Quarter Car Model by Using 20-sim Software for Honda Civic Lx 2019 Sedan
Authors: Hadwan Hamid Hussain , Mahdi Mushrek Alawi , Hussein Ahmed Waleed
Published: November 2021

This paper exhibits a study of car passive and active- suspension system to improving drive exhilarate to passengers while also enhancing vehicle stability by decreasing the effect of oscillation on the suspension. Modeling and simulation by using the bond diagram. They much concede a prime arrangement of the machine to the exterior surrounding: street quality, atmospherically circumstances, while guarantying driver as well as passengers, major safeness and more potentially exhilarate. Automotive aid it course manners. The result cleared this action plan at different set during the vehicle mean, but particularly in evolution level. It is also clear the proportion of suspension system's mass to the vehicle's mass. Also graphical representation of suspension system' parameters like vertical passenger displacement, potential energy of mass of suspension system and acceleration. To foretell the comportment of a car, it is necessary to make design, modeling, and simulation. Honda Civic Lx 2019 sedan car has used for modeling, and simulation.
COVID-19: A Viral Phenomenon - The Insider Report
Authors: Profant Martin
Published: November 2021

On January 9th, 2021, the Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology Students Union (LMPSU) hosted their annual scientific conference online, focusing on the theme: “COVID-19: A viral phenomena”.
The department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (LMP) at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto is home to world-class research in the area of pathobiology, from cancer to immunopathology to neuropathology. The conference began with opening remarks from LMPSU executives Karen Mao and Ziqi Liu, followed by Dr. Rita Kandel, the chair of the department of LMP.
The topic of COVID-19 research was timely, to say the least! Invited speakers were asked to share their research and knowledge about various aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic from basic virology to treatment options, and epidemiology. The keynote speakers were Dr. Samira Mubareka and Dr. Robert Kozak; notably members of the team that was among the first to isolate the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Liikettä vapaan sivistystyön tutkimukseen
Authors: Saloheimo Leena
Published: November 2021

Vapaan sivistystyön osaaminen ja pätevyys -ohjelma (VSOP) 1998–2004
ANALISIS KEAMANAN VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VOIP) OVER VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)
Authors: Putra Dwi Prastantio
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted on the basis of the influence of security systems that play a role in encrypting data on VoIP communication systems, with the security technology of PPTP VPN computer networks with the system passing data in a virtual private ip or as a tunnel for secure data transmission media. The results obtained from security analysis for the implementation of security methods on PPTP VPNs, then the data to help developers in terms of building a secure VoIP communication system. Basiclly ZRTP uses the Diffie-Hellman key exchange as a key exchange of communication between clients, which is the key for communication between clients using hashes from Diffie-Hellman and is done peer-to-peer through the VOIP RTP package, while the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that allows the secure transmission of data from the remote client to the server by creating a virtual private network (VPN) through a network of data. TCP/IP or UDP is dedicated to encryption and creates RTP tunnel transport on VoIP communication systems. VoIP communication system research is conducted using 2 security methods, namely VoIP VPN PPTP, VoIP ZRTP, with the aim to find out the results of VoIP communication testing using PPTP and ZRTP VPN security methods if an attack occurs during VoIP communication
PENGENALAN LITERASI KEUANGAN DAN PERSONAL BRANDING DI ERA DIGITAL BAGI GENERASI Z DI SMK PGRI 1 KEDONDONG
Authors: Nani Dhiona Ayu , Ahluwalia Larasati , Novita Dian
Published: November 2021

Research conducted by Kredivo and Katadata in 2020, generation Z and Millennials contributed 85% of total transactions. Furthermore, the government is currently focusing on recovering the national economy, which has fallen due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Generation Z, which is expected to become a demographic bonus for the workforce in the next few years, should be equipped with financial literacy and personal branding in order to survive and compete with the environment. This Community Service is carried out with the aim of providing an understanding of financial literacy and personal branding. As previously discussed, Generation Z needs to be equipped with financial literacy so that later they can be financially independent. In addition, students can develop themselves through personal branding that utilizes digital business platforms.Keywords: Generation Z, Millennials, National Economy, Financial Literacy, Personal Branding
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DAN PENGEDITAN WEB-BLOG BAGI PARA GURU DAN STAFF MA MATHLA’UL ANWAR, BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Rossi Farli , Fitri Arniza , Suwarni Emi , Rosmalasari Tri Darma , Setiawan Rizky
Published: November 2021

Pada masa pandemic COVID-19, MA Mathla’ul Anwar, Labuhan Ratu, Bandar Lampung mendapat kesulitan dalam mempromosikan sekolah mereka kepada masyarakat luas. Selama pandemic berlangsung, para guru dan staff tidak lagi dapat mempublikasikan sekolahnya secara offline, namun rendahnya kemampuan para guru dan staff MA Mathla’ul Anwar dalam hal IPTEK mengakibatkan sulitnya mereka dalam mempublikasikan sekolahnya secara online. Web-blog merupakan salah satu alternative terbaik yang dapat digunakan oleh seseorang atau sebuah organisasi untuk menginformasikan aktifitas-aktfitas mereka secara online. Pada kegiatan PKM kali ini, pelatihan pembuatan dan pengeditan web-blog dengan menggunakan applikasi wordpress telah dilaksanakan secara tatap muka di salah satu labor komputer di Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia (dengan mengikuti protokol Kesehatan). Setelah mengikuti pelatihan, para guru-guru MA Mathla’ul Anwar Labuhan Ratu didapati mampu membuat web-blog secara mandiri dengan persentase kebolehan sebesar 70-80%. Para guru dan staff MA Mathla’ul Anwar setuju bahwa web-blog dapat membantu mereka dalam menpublikasikan sekolah mereka kepada khalayak banyak.
EDUKASI PENDAFTARAN MEREK KEPADA PERANGKAT DESA DAN PELAKU UMKM MENUJU PEMULIHAN EKONOMI PASCA COVID-19 DI DESA SAWOJAJAR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA
Authors: Churulaini Desy
Published: November 2021

Dimasa pandemi saat ini kita seakan dipaksa untuk memasuki suasana baru dalam lingkup digital. Semua dilakukan melalui sosial media , dan jejaring internet. Pandemi Covid-19 merubah pola perilaku dan kehidupan manusia hampir diseluruh negara, tak terkecuali Indonesia untuk dapat berkomunikasi secara virtual dan hampir seluruh kegiatan ditunjang dengan telepon genggam. Pemerintah Indonesia giat dalam menyuarakan aktifitas ekonomi yang dapat menunjang kehidupan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini UMKM (Unit Mikro Kecil Menengah) menjadi salah satu alternatif bagi masyarakat yang akan membuka suatu usaha dalam bidang tertentu yang tujuan utamanya adalah membuat suatu produk yang bernilai jual dan diminati oleh masyarakat umum. Produk UMKM dari berbagai produk yang dihasilkan oleh pelaku usaha di desa Sawojajar diarahkan dapat mempunyai ciri khas dan keunggulannya sendiri dengan mendaftarkan merek produknya untuk menarik minat konsumen agar dapat bersaing dengan produk-produk yang dikemas oleh suatu perusahaan.Demi tercapainya hal tersebut maka perlu diketahui bagaimana para pelaku UMKM dapat membuat suatu merek yang menjadi ciri khas tersebut dan menjadi salah satu hak secara legal yang didapatkan. Sehingga dengan cara produk tersebut dipasarkat melalui market place atau dijual secara online tidak akan menimbulkan polemik hukum yang akan menghambat proses usaha berkembang menuju pemasaran global. Dalam proses produksi, masyarakat desa Sawojajar masih memiliki permasalahan terkait pendaftaran merek, izin , dan pemasaran. Hal tersebut memberikan dorongan kepada tim pengabdi Unila untuk mengadakan kegiatan sosialisasi Edukasi pendaftaran merek kepada perangkat desa dan pelaku UMKM menuju pemulihan ekonomi pasca Covid-19 didesa Sawojajar Kabupaten Lampung Utara.
Broad-scale geographic and temporal assessment of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony-landscape association
Authors: Gorman KM , Deeley SM , Barr EL , Freeze SR , Kalen N , Muthersbaugh MS , Ford WM
Published: November 2021

As the federally threatened northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis continues to decline due to white-nose syndrome (WNS) impacts, the application of effective conservation measures is needed but often hindered by the lack of ecological data. To date, recommended management practices have been adopted in part from other federally listed sympatric species such as the endangered Indiana bat M. sodalis. During the maternity season, these measures have largely focused on conservation of known day-roost habitat, often with little consideration for foraging habitat, particularly riparian areas. We examined acoustic activity of northern long-eared bats relative to day-roost and capture data at coastal and interior sites in the District of Columbia, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, USA, over the course of 6 summers (2015-�2020), where maternity activity was still documented after the initial arrival and spread of WNS. Acoustic activity of northern long-eared bats relative to forest cover decreased at the acoustic site level (fine scale) but increased at the sampling region level (coarse scale). We observed a positive association of northern long-eared bat acoustic activity with riparian areas. Additionally, we observed higher levels of activity during pregnancy through early lactation period of the reproductive cycle prior to juvenile volancy. Our findings suggest the need for more explicit inclusion of forested riparian habitats in northern long-eared bat conservation planning. Acoustic sampling in spring and early summer rather than mid- to late summer and in forested riparian areas is the most effective strategy for identifying potential active northern long-eared bat maternity colonies on the local landscape.
Accents as honest signals of in-group membership
Authors: Goodman Jonathan , Crema Enrico , Nolan Francis , Cohen Emma , Foley Robert
Published: November 2021

Accents, along with other cultural features including shared place of origin, helped to increase the number of people with whom an individual could signal cooperative tendencies (Cohen, 2012). Yet as groups became larger and underwent continued fission and fusion, signals of group membership may have become more important to reduce the risk of infiltration (Foley, 2004). We would expect, as the risk of imposters grew along with group size, for signals of group membership to become more complex, and for true group members to become adept at recognising false signals (McElreath et al., 2003). Here we are exploring how well people who speak naturally in 7 specific regions of the British Isles detect mimicry of their own accent. Our findings suggest that individuals are better than chance at detecting accent-mimicry of their own native accents, supporting this evolutionary account.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Anticancer Immunity: A Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Ning , Jiang Hongfei , Li Qian , Xing Dongming
Published: November 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical mediators in many physiological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, making the modulation of ROS level a powerful strategy to augment anticancer immunity. However, current evidences suggest the necessity of a deeper understanding of their multiple roles, which may vary with their concentration, location and the immune microenvironment they are in. Here, we have reviewed the reported effects of ROS on macrophage polarization, immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) therapy, T cell activation and expansion, as well as the induction of immunogenic cell death. A majority of reports are indicating detrimental effects of ROS, but it is unadvisable to simply scavenge them because of their pleiotropic effects in most occasions (except in T cell activation and expansion where ROS are generally undesirable). Therefore, clinical success will need a clearer illustration of their multi-faced functions, as well as more advanced technologies to tune ROS level with high spatiotemporal control and species-specificity. With such progresses, the efficacy of current immunotherapies will be greatly improved by combining with ROS-targeted therapies.
Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual-Modality Sensing Platform Based on Fluorescent Nanozyme
Authors: Wan Yejian , Zhao Jingwen , Deng Xiaochun , Chen Jie , Xi Fengna , Wang Xiaobo
Published: November 2021

Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes based on carbonaceous nanomaterials are advantages due to high stability, good biocompatibility, and the possibility of multifunctionalities through materials engineering at an atomic level. Herein, we present a sensing platform using a nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (NGQD) as a highly efficient fluorescent peroxidase mimic, which enables a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-modality platform for detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and biomolecules (ascorbic acid-AA, acid phosphatase-ACP) with high sensitivity. NGQD is synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process, which has advantages of high production yield and potential for large-scale preparation. NGQD with uniform size (3.0 ± 0.6 nm) and a single-layer graphene structure exhibits bright and stable fluorescence. N-doping and ultrasmall size endow NGQD with high peroxidase-mimicking activity with an obviously reduced Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) in comparison with natural horseradish peroxidase. Taking advantages of both high nanozyme activity and unique fluorescence property of NGQD, a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-modality platform capable of detecting H2O2 and biomolecules (AA, ACP) with high sensitivity is developed as the proof-of-concept demonstration. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the nanozyme activity and biosensing are investigated.
Bacterial Burden Declines But Neutrophil Infiltration and Ocular Tissue Damage Persist in Experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis Endophthalmitis
Authors: Das Susmita , Singh Sukhvinder , Kumar Ashok
Published: November 2021

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus (S) epidermidis, are responsible for ~70% of all post-surgical endophthalmitis, a potentially blinding eye infection. However, the pathobiology of CoNS endophthalmitis is limited to epidemiological and clinical case studies with few experimental studies. Here, we report both in vitro and in vivo models to study the pathobiology of S. epidermidis endophthalmitis in mice. We found that S. epidermidis is rapidly cleared from mouse eyes, and a relatively higher dose (i.e., 107 CFU/eye) was needed to cause endophthalmitis. Our time-course study revealed that bacterial load peaked at 24 h post-infection followed by a gradual decline up to 72 h. A similar time-dependent decrease in levels of inflammatory mediators and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression was also observed. In contrast, neutrophil infiltration continued to increase up to 72 h coinciding with significant retinal tissue damage and loss of visual function. In vitro, S. epidermidis induced the activation of various inflammatory signaling pathways (i.e., NF-kB, ERK, and P38) and the production of both cytokines and chemokines in mouse BMDMs, human RPE, and retinal Muller glia. Altogether, we show that bacterial burden is reduced in S. epidermidis endophthalmitis, while tissue damage and visual function loss continue. Thus, our study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of CoNS endophthalmitis.
Making a Water Data System Responsive to Information Needs of Decision Makers
Authors: Cantor Alida , Kiparsky Michael , Hubbard Susan S. , Kennedy Rónán , Pecharroman Lidia Cano , Guivetchi Kamyar , Darling Gary , McCready Christina , Bales Roger
Published: November 2021

Evidence-based environmental management requires data that are sufficient, accessible, useful and used. A mismatch between data, data systems, and data needs for decision making can result in inefficient and inequitable capital investments, resource allocations, environmental protection, hazard mitigation, and quality of life. In this paper, we examine the relationship between data and decision making in environmental management, with a focus on water management. We focus on the concept of decision-driven data systems—data systems that incorporate an assessment of decision-makers' data needs into their design. The aim of the research was to examine the process of translating data into effective decision making by engaging stakeholders in the development of a water data system. Using California's legislative mandate for state agencies to integrate existing water and other environmental data as a case study, we developed and applied a participatory approach to inform data-system design and identify unmet data needs. Using workshops and focused stakeholder meetings, we developed 20 diverse use cases to assess data sources, availability, characteristics, gaps, and other attributes of data used for representative decisions. Federal and state agencies made up about 90% of the data sources, and could readily adapt to a federated data system, our recommended model for the state. The remaining 10% of more-specialized data, central to important decisions across multiple use cases, would require additional investment or incentives to achieve data consistency, interoperability, and compatibility with a federated system. Based on this assessment, we propose a typology of different types of data limitations and gaps described by stakeholders. We also propose technical, governance, and stakeholder engagement evaluation criteria to guide planning and building environmental data systems. Data-system governance involving both producers and users of data was seen as essential to achieving workable standards, stable funding, convenient data availability, resilience to institutional change, and long-term buy-in by stakeholders. Our work provides a replicable lesson for using decision-maker and stakeholder engagement to shape the design of an environmental data system, and inform a technical design that addresses both user and producer needs.
Pumping Up the Base: Deployment of Strong Emotion and Simple Language in Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: November 2021

Background and Method: This research examines the nomination acceptance speeches of US presidential candidates from Republican and Democratic parties in the post-WWII mass communication era (1948–2020, 38 speeches). Variables studied are the emotional tone of the speeches, their abstractness, their Grade Level, their employment of personal pronouns and their mentions of “America”. Speeches were scored with the Dictionary of Affect in Language (a sentiment analysis tool).

Predictions: On the basis of functionalist theories of political discourse, it was predicted that the speeches would have a pleasant and active or celebratory emotional tone. Based on related research that focused on the effects of mass distribution on presidential communications, it was predicted that the speeches would increase in pleasantness, arousal and linguistic simplicity across years.

Results: As predicted, speeches were pleasant and active in tone. Across years, speeches became significantly more arousing, less abstract, simpler, and longer. When individual speeches were divided into five equal portions, a strong significant quadratic trend was observed for pleasantness, which started high at the beginning of a speech, fell in the center, and rose again at the end.

Conclusions: Presidential nomination acceptance speeches are emotionally pleasant and active and linguistically simple (Grade 8 level). Between 1948 and 2020, they remained pleasant, and became more active and simpler. In service of their aim to “pump up the base” individual speeches began on a pleasant, nationalistic and personal note, encompassed duller and more impersonal material in their centers, and became positive again at the end.
Volcanic Risk Mitigation that Could Have Been Derailed but Wasn’t: Pinatubo, Philippines 1991
Authors: Newhall Chris
Published: November 2021

This is the story of a successful risk mitigation effort at Mount Pinatubo in 1991 that could easily have failed. The counterfactuals are the myriad of ways that the effort could have failed but didn’t. Forecasts for a large, VEI 6 eruption were the basis of 10, 20, 30 and, during the climactic eruption, even 40 km radius evacuations. Let’s use the metaphor of a train headed for the destination of successful mitigation, but that could have easily have been derailed or slowed and shunted off to a siding. Among the possible nodes of derailment: capability and trust between responding institutions; external distractions, both natural and man-made; early alert; scientific judgment of whether, when, and how big an eruption will occur; stochastic or unpredictable factors that can make even the best scientific judgment moot; optimal balance between caution and decisive actions, by scientists and civil defense alike; and effective communication between all parties. Potential derailments are detailed at each of these nodes for Pinatubo.
Novel Loss-of-Function Mutations in DNAH1 Displayed Different Phenotypic Spectrum in Humans and Mice
Authors: Khan Ranjha , Zaman Qumar , Chen Jing , Khan Manan , Ma Ao , Zhou Jianteng , Zhang Beibei , Ali Asim , Naeem Muhammad , Zubair Muhammad , Zhao Daren , Shah Wasim , Khan Mazhar , Zhang Yuanwei , Xu Bo , Zhang Huan , Shi Qinghua
Published: November 2021

Male infertility is a prevalent disorder distressing an estimated 70 million people worldwide. Despite continued progress in understanding the causes of male infertility, idiopathic sperm abnormalities such as multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella (MMAF) still account for about 30% of male infertility. Recurrent mutations in DNAH1 have been reported to cause MMAF in various populations, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly explored. This study investigated the MMAF phenotype of two extended consanguineous Pakistani families without manifesting primary ciliary dyskinesia symptoms. The transmission electron microscopy analysis of cross-sections of microtubule doublets revealed a missing central singlet of microtubules and a disorganized fibrous sheath. SPAG6 staining, a marker generally used to check the integration of microtubules of central pair, further confirmed the disruption of central pair in the spermatozoa of patients. Thus, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed, and WES analysis identified two novel mutations in the DNAH1 gene that were recessively co-segregating with MMAF phenotype in both families. To mechanistically study the impact of identified mutation, we generated Dnah1 mice models to confirm the in vivo effects of identified mutations. Though Dnah1△iso1/△iso1 mutant mice represented MMAF phenotype, no significant defects were observed in the ultrastructure of mutant mice spermatozoa. Interestingly, we found DNAH1 isoform2 in Dnah1△iso1/△iso1 mutant mice that may be mediating the formation of normal ultrastructure in the absence of full-length protein. Altogether we are first reporting the possible explanation of inconsistency between mouse and human DNAH1 mutant phenotypes, which will pave the way for further understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of MMAF.
Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Pereira Madison , Matuszewska Kathy , Jamieson Colin , Petrik Jim
Published: November 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages which creates significant therapeutic challenges. As a result, the 5-year survival rate is low. Within ovarian cancer, significant tumor heterogeneity exists, and the tumor microenvironment is diverse. Tumor heterogeneity leads to diversity in therapy response within the tumor, which can lead to resistance or recurrence. Advancements in therapy development and tumor profiling have initiated a shift from a “one-size-fits-all” approach towards precision patient-based therapies. Here, we review aspects of ovarian tumor heterogeneity that facilitate tumorigenesis and contribute to treatment failure. These tumor characteristics should be considered when designing novel therapies or characterizing mechanisms of treatment resistance. Individual patients vary considerably in terms of age, fertility and contraceptive use which innately affects the endocrine milieu in the ovary. Similarly, individual tumors differ significantly in their immune profile, which can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies. Tumor size, presence of malignant ascites and vascular density further alters the tumor microenvironment, creating areas of significant hypoxia that is notorious for increasing tumorigenesis, resistance to standard of care therapies and promoting stemness and metastases. We further expand on strategies aimed at improving oxygenation status in tumors to dampen downstream effects of hypoxia and set the stage for better response to therapy.
Effect of Different CO2 Treatments on the Metal Leaching in Steel Slag Binders
Authors: Liu Yaojun , Fang Jingrui , Liu Songhui , An Xiaopeng , Kang Yanwen , Wang Lan
Published: November 2021

Carbonation is an effective method to promote the quality of the steel slag binder. In this article, two carbonation approaches, namely hot-stage carbonation and accelerated carbonation, were employed to leach the metals, and the influence mechanism on the metal sequential leachability of the binders composed of 80 wt% of EAF slag incorporating 20 wt% of Portland cement (PC) was revealed. The carbonate products, microstructures, and chemical states were investigated, and the results indicated that chromium, vanadium, and titanium gradually transformed into inactive phases after two carbonation approaches, while zinc appeared the opposite trend. The sequential leachability of chromium declined with the increase of the carbonation efficiency, in which the exchangeable chromium decreased from 1.99 mg/kg in the A2A binder to below the detection limit in the A2C binder and C2C binder. Hot-stage carbonation treatment facilitated particle agglomeration, minerals remodeling, and calcite formation. The carbonation curing of the steel slag paste resulted in the formation of amorphous CaCO3, calcite crystalline and Si-bearing hydrates that covered the pores of the matrix, and silicate structure with a higher disorder. The hot-stage carbonation and accelerated carbonation curing methods were adopted to jointly prevent the leaching of harmful metals and facilitate promising high-volume steel slag-based binders with structural densification and CO2 storage.
Intra-Annual Wood Formation of Cryptomeria fortunei and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Humid Subtropical China
Authors: Zheng Zhuangpeng , Zhou Feifei , Fonti Patrick , Ren Ping , Li Xiaoxia , Miao Guofang , Dong Zhipeng , Fang Keyan
Published: November 2021

Monitoring cambial activity is important for a better understanding of the mechanisms governing xylem growth responses to climate change, providing a scientific basis for tree-ring-based climate reconstructions and projections about tree growth under future climate scenarios. It plays an even more important role in investigating evergreen tree growth in regions with less distinct seasonal cycles. Subtropical evergreen forests have been studied in recent years for their sensitivity to climate change, but it remains unclear how xylem growth is driven by subtropical climates. To further understand the climate-growth response strategies of subtropical conifers, we micro-cored Cryptomeria fortunei and Cunninghamia lanceolata weekly in 2016 and 2017 at the humid subtropical Gushan Mountain in southeastern China. Our weekly growth monitoring showed that the vegetation periods of these two species were both approximately 2–3 months longer than trees in temperate and boreal forests. The growth of C. fortunei in 2016 and 2017 and C. lanceolata in 2017 showed a bimodal pattern of xylogenesis, which was induced by summer drought. The results also indicated that the earlier end of the xylem formation was related to the yearly drought stress. These findings provide more specific information about tree growth and evidence of how climate influences wood production at the cellular level in subtropical regions.
Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
Authors: Webb Wesley H. , Roper Michelle M. , Pawley Matthew D. M. , Fukuzawa Yukio , Harmer Aaron M. T. , Brunton Dianne H.
Published: November 2021

Songbirds learn their songs culturally, through imitating tutors. The vocal culture of a songbird population changes as new song units (syllables) are introduced through immigration, copying errors, and innovation, while other syllables fall out of use. This leads to a diversification of the syllable pool across the species, much like the diversification and spatial patterns of human language. Vocal cultures have been well-studied in male songbirds but have been largely overlooked in females. Here we undertake one of the first comparisons of male and female song cultures across a songbird metapopulation—studying New Zealand bellbirds Anthornis melanura spanning a network of six islands. Having classified 20,700 syllables (702 types), we compare population syllable repertoire sizes and overlap between sites and sexes. We show that males and females—both with complex songs—have distinct song cultures, sharing only 6–26% of syllable types within each site. Furthermore, male and female syllable types can be statistically discriminated based on acoustic properties. Despite diverse syllable repertoires within sites, few syllable types were shared between sites (both sexes had highly distinct site-specific dialects). For the few types shared between sites, sharing decreased with distance only for males. Overall, there was no significant difference between sexes in degree of site–site repertoire overlap. These results suggest different cultural processes at play for the two sexes, underlining the inadequacy of male-centric song research and calling for comparisons of male and female song cultures in many more species.
Identification and Characterization of Nine Novel X-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats on Xp21.1, Xq21.31, and Xq23 Regions
Authors: Yang Qinrui , Qian Jinglei , Shao Chengchen , Yao Yining , Zhou Zhihan , Xu Hongmei , Tang Qiqun , Qian Xiaoqin , Xie Jianhui
Published: November 2021

The application of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) has been recognized as a powerful tool in complex kinship testing. To support further development of X-STR analysis in forensic use, we identified nine novel X-STRs, which could be clustered into three linkage groups on Xp21.1, Xq21.31, and Xq23. A multiplex PCR system was built based on the electrophoresis. A total of 198 unrelated Shanghai Han samples along with 168 samples from 43 families was collected to investigate the genetic polymorphism and forensic parameters of the nine loci. Allele numbers ranged from 5 to 12, and amplicon sizes ranged from 146 to 477 bp. The multiplex showed high values for the combined power of discrimination (0.99997977 in males and 0.99999999 in females) and combined mean exclusion chances (0.99997918 and 0.99997821 in trios, 0.99984939 in duos, and 0.99984200 in deficiency cases). The linkage between all pairs of loci was estimated via Kosambi mapping function and linkage disequilibrium test, and further investigated through the family study. The data from 43 families strongly demonstrated an independent transmission between LGs and a tight linkage among loci within the same LG. All these results support that the newly described X-STRs and the multiplex system are highly promising for further forensic use.