bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without camrelizumab in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 3 ESCORT-NEO/NCCES01 trial
Authors: Qin Jianjun , Xue Liyan , Hao Anlin , Guo Xiaofeng , Jiang Tao , Ni Yunfeng , Liu Shuoyan , Chen Yujie , Jiang Hongjing , Zhang Chen , Kang Mingqiang , Lin Jihong , Li Hecheng , Li Chengqiang , Tian Hui , Li Lin , Fu Junke , Zhang Yong , Ma Jianqun , Wang Xiaoyuan , Fu Maoyong , Yang Hao , Yang Zhaoyang , Han Yongtao , Chen Longqi , Tan Lijie , Dai Tianyang , Liao Yongde , Zhang Weiguo , Li Bin , Chen Qixun , Guo Shiping , Qi Yu , Wei Li , Li Zhigang , Tian Ziqiang , Kang Xiaozheng , Zhang Ruixiang , Li Yong , Wang Zhen , Chen Xiankai , Hou Zhiguo , Zheng Rongrong , Zhu Wenqing , He Jie , Li Yin
Published: July 2024

Recent single-arm studies involving neoadjuvant camrelizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, plus chemotherapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC) have shown promising results. This multicenter, randomized, open-label phase 3 trial aimed to further assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant camrelizumab, compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. A total of 391 patients with resectable thoracic LA-ESCC (T1b-3N1-3M0 or T3N0M0) were stratified by clinical stage (I/II, III or IVA) and randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to undergo two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy. Treatments included camrelizumab, albumin-bound paclitaxel and cisplatin (Cam+nab-TP group; n = 132); camrelizumab, paclitaxel and cisplatin (Cam+TP group; n = 130); and paclitaxel with cisplatin (TP group; n = 129), followed by surgical resection. Both the Cam+nab-TP and Cam+TP groups also received adjuvant camrelizumab. The dual primary endpoints were the rate of pathological complete response (pCR), as evaluated by a blind independent review committee, and event-free survival (EFS), as assessed by investigators. This study reports the final analysis of pCR rates. In the intention-to-treat population, the Cam+nab-TP and Cam+TP groups exhibited significantly higher pCR rates of 28.0% and 15.4%, respectively, compared to 4.7% in the TP group (Cam+nab-TP versus TP: difference 23.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1–32.0, P < 0.0001; Cam+TP versus TP: difference 10.9%, 95% CI 3.7–18.1, P = 0.0034). The study met its primary endpoint of pCR; however, EFS is not yet mature. The incidence of grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment was 34.1% for the Cam+nab-TP group, 29.2% for the Cam+TP group and 28.8% for the TP group; the postoperative complication rates were 34.2%, 38.8% and 32.0%, respectively. Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated superior pCR rates compared to chemotherapy alone for LA-ESCC, with a tolerable safety profile. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2000040034.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Helwingia omeiensis: the first genome in the family Helwingiaceae
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Feng Landi , Lin Hao , Liu Jianquan , Hu Quanjun
Published: July 2024

Helwingia, a shrub of the monotypic cosmopolitan family Helwingiaceae, is distinguished by its inflorescence, in which flowers are borne on the midrib of the leaf—a trait not commonly observed in related plant families. Previous studies have investigated the development of this unusual structure using comparative anatomical methods. However, the scarcity of genomic data has hindered our understanding of the origins and evolutionary history of this uncommon trait at the molecular level. Here, we report the first high-quality genome of the family Helwingiaceae. Assembled using HiFi sequencing and Hi-C technologies, the genome of H. omeiensis is anchored to 19 chromosomes, with a total length of 2.75 Gb and a contig N50 length of 6.78 Mb. The BUSCO completeness score of the assembled genome was 98.2%. 53,951 genes were identified, of which 99.7% were annotated in at least one protein database. The high-quality reference genome of H. omeiensis provides an essential genetic resource and sheds light on the phylogeny and evolution of specific traits in the family Helwingiaceae.
1 Million Segmented Red Blood Cells With 240 K Classified in 9 Shapes and 47 K Patches of 25 Manual Blood Smears
Authors: Elsafty Ahmed , Soliman Ahmed , Ahmed Yomna
Published: July 2024

Around 20% of complete blood count samples necessitate visual review using light microscopes or digital pathology scanners. There is currently no technological alternative to the visual examination of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology/shapes. True/non-artifact teardrop-shaped RBCs and schistocytes/fragmented RBCs are commonly associated with serious medical conditions that could be fatal, increased ovalocytes are associated with almost all types of anemias. 25 distinct blood smears, each from a different patient, were manually prepared, stained, and then sorted into four groups. Each group underwent imaging using different cameras integrated into light microscopes with 40X microscopic lenses resulting in total 47 K + field images/patches. Two hematologists processed cell-by-cell to provide one million + segmented RBCs with their XYWH coordinates and classified 240 K + RBCs into nine shapes. This dataset (Elsafty_RBCs_for_AI) enables the development/testing of deep learning-based (DL) automation of RBCs morphology/shapes examination, including specific normalization of blood smear stains (different from histopathology stains), detection/counting, segmentation, and classification. Two codes are provided (Elsafty_Codes_for_AI), one for semi-automated image processing and another for training/testing of a DL-based image classifier.
A comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of Spanish groundnuts from diverse crosses to identify superior and stable donors for fresh seed dormancy
Authors: Rani Kirti , Gangadhara K. , Ajay B. C. , Kona Praveen , Kumar Narendra , Bera S. K.
Published: July 2024

Breeding high yielding groundnut cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish-type cultivars, enhances the sustainability of agriculture in groundnuts. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of advanced breeding lines developed in the genetic background of Spanish types. By employing multi-phenotyping and marker data, we identified PBS 15044, 16004, 16013, 16015, 16016, 16017, 16020, 16021, 16026, 16031, 16035, 16037, 16038, 16039, 16041, and 16042 with 2–3 weeks dormancy (> 90%).The various parametric and non-parametric estimates identified the stable fresh dormant genotypes with one or more superior economic trait. PBS 16021, 15044, 16038, and 16039 identified with high hundred pod weight (HPW) were also reported having high intensity of dormancy (> 90% for up to 3 weeks); PBS 15044, 16016, PBS 16038 and PBS 16039 with high hundred kernel weight (HKW) also reported with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy; and PBS 16013, 16031, and 16038 with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy had high shelling percentage (SP). They can be used to develop lines with the desired level of dormancy, and high yields, by designing appropriate breeding strategies.
Modeling and optimization of dyeing process of polyamide 6 and woolen fabrics with plum-tree leaves using artificial intelligence
Authors: Shahmoradi Ghaheh Fatemeh , Razbin Milad , Tehrani Majid , Zolfipour Aghdam Vayghan Leila , Sadrjahani Mehdi
Published: July 2024

The dyeing process of textile materials is inherently intricate, influenced by a myriad of factors, including dye concentration, dyeing time, pH level, temperature, type of dye, fiber composition, mechanical agitation, salt concentration, mordants, fixatives, water quality, dyeing method, and pre-treatment processes. The intricacy of achieving optimal settings during dyeing poses a significant challenge. In response, this study introduces a novel algorithmic approach that integrates response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques for the precise fine-tuning of concentration, time, pH, and temperature. The primary focus is on quantifying color strength, represented as K/S, as the response variable in the dyeing process of polyamide 6 and woolen fabric, utilizing plum-tree leaves as a sustainable dye source. Results indicate that ANN (R2 ~ 1) performs much better than RSM (R2 > 0.92). The optimization results, employing ANN-GA integration, indicate that a concentration of 100 wt.%, time of 86.06 min, pH level of 8.28, and a temperature of 100 °C yield a K/S value of 10.21 for polyamide 6 fabric. Similarly, a concentration of 55.85 wt.%, time of 120 min, pH level of 5, and temperature of 100 °C yield a K/S value of 7.65 for woolen fabric. This proposed methodology not only paves the way for sustainable textile dyeing but also facilitates the optimization of diverse dyeing processes for textile materials.
Biophysical and structural studies of fibulin-2
Authors: Sohail Anil A. , Koski M. Kristian , Ruddock Lloyd W.
Published: July 2024

Fibulin-2 is a multidomain, disulfide-rich, homodimeric protein which belongs to a broader extracellular matrix family. It plays an important role in the development of elastic fiber structures. Malfunction of fibulin due to mutation or poor expression can result in a variety of diseases including synpolydactyly, limb abnormalities, eye disorders leading to blindness, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Traditionally, fibulins have either been produced in mammalian cell systems or were isolated from the extracellular matrix, a procedure that results in poor availability for structural and functional studies. Here, we produced seven fibulin-2 constructs covering 62% of the mature protein (749 out of 1195 residues) using a prokaryotic expression system. Biophysical studies confirm that the purified constructs are folded and that the presence of disulfide bonds within the constructs makes them extremely thermostable. In addition, we solved the first crystal structure for any fibulin isoform, a structure corresponding to the previously suggested three motifs related to anaphylatoxin. The structure reveals that the three anaphylatoxins moieties form a single-domain structure.
Factors influencing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors using machine learning techniques
Authors: Park Jin-Hee , Chun Misun , Bae Sun Hyoung , Woo Jeonghee , Chon Eunae , Kim Hee Jun
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Breast cancer patients experience significant distress relating to their diagnosis and treatment. Managing this distress is critical for improving the lifespan and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. This study aimed to assess the level of distress in breast cancer survivors and analyze the variables that significantly affect distress using machine learning techniques. A survey was conducted with 641 adult breast cancer patients using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer tool. Participants identified various factors that caused distress. Five machine learning models were used to predict the classification of patients into mild and severe distress groups. The survey results indicated that 57.7% of the participants experienced severe distress. The top-three best-performing models indicated that depression, dealing with a partner, housing, work/school, and fatigue are the primary indicators. Among the emotional problems, depression, fear, worry, loss of interest in regular activities, and nervousness were determined as significant predictive factors. Therefore, machine learning models can be effectively applied to determine various factors influencing distress in breast cancer patients who have completed primary treatment, thereby identifying breast cancer patients who are vulnerable to distress in clinical settings.
Phylogenomic analysis and dynamic evolution of chloroplast genomes of Clematis nannophylla
Authors: Qin Jinping , Ma Yushou , Liu Ying , Wang Yanlong
Published: July 2024

Clematis nannophylla is a perennial shrub of Clematis with ecological, ornamental, and medicinal value, distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. This study successfully determined the chloroplast (cp) genome of C. nannophylla, reconstructing a phylogenetic tree of Clematis. This cp genome is 159,801 bp in length and has a typical tetrad structure, including a large single-copy, a small single-copy, and a pair of reverse repeats (IRa and IRb). It contains 133 unique genes, including 89 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Additionally, 66 simple repeat sequences, 50 dispersed repeats, and 24 tandem repeats were found; many of the dispersed and tandem repeats were between 20–30 bp and 10–20 bp, respectively, and the abundant repeats were located in the large single copy region. The cp genome was relatively conserved, especially in the IR region, where no inversion or rearrangement was observed, further revealing that the coding regions were more conserved than the noncoding regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. nannophylla is more closely related to C. fruticosa and C. songorica. Our analysis provides reference data for molecular marker development, phylogenetic analysis, population studies, and cp genome processes to better utilise C. nannophylla.
Reduction of organic contaminants from industrial effluent using the advanced oxidation process, chemical coagulation, and green nanotechnology
Authors: Naguib Amany M. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Mahmoud Ahmed S.
Published: July 2024

Municipal wastewater treatment systems use the chemical oxygen demand test (COD) to identify organic contaminants in industrial effluents that impede treatment due to their high concentration. This study reduced the COD levels in tannery wastewater using a multistage treatment process that included Fenton oxidation, chemical coagulation, and nanotechnology based on a synthetic soluble COD standard solution. At an acidic pH of 5, Fenton oxidation reduces the COD concentration by approximately 79%. It achieves this by combining 10 mL/L of H2O2 and 0.1 g/L of FeCl2. Furthermore, the author selected the FeCl3 coagulant for the coagulation process based on the best results of comparisons between different coagulants. At pH 8.5, the coagulation dose of 0.15 g/L achieved the maximum COD removal efficiency of approximately 56.7%. Finally, nano bimetallic Fe/Cu was used to complete the degradation and adsorption of the remaining organic pollutants. The XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses proved the formation of Fe/Cu nanoparticles. A dose of 0.09 g/L Fe/Cu NPs, 30 min of contact time, and a stirring rate of 200 rpm achieve a maximum removal efficiency of about 93% of COD at pH 7.5. The kinetics studies were analyzed using pseudo-first-order P.F.O., pseudo-second-order P.S.O., and intraparticle diffusion models. The P.S.O. showed the best fit among the kinetic models, with an R2 of 0.998. Finally, the authors recommended that technique for highly contaminated industrial effluents treatment for agriculture or industrial purposes.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on metabolic health in a Uruguayan cohort and the emerging predictive role of FSTL1
Authors: Santos Leonardo , Patrone Mariana , Prieto-Echagüe Victoria , Lapi Silvana , Perdomo Mauro , Vaucher Andrea , Rodriguez Gustavo , Valsangiacomo Pablo , Naya Hugo , Escande Carlos , Badano Jose L. , Spangenberg Lucia , Bruno Gustavo
Published: July 2024

Obesity poses significant challenges, necessitating comprehensive strategies for effective intervention. Bariatric Surgery (BS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic approach, demonstrating success in weight loss and comorbidity improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of BS in a cohort of 48 Uruguayan patients and investigate the interplay between BS and clinical and metabolic features, with a specific focus on FSTL1, an emerging biomarker associated with obesity and inflammation. We quantitatively analyzed BS outcomes and constructed linear models to identify variables impacting BS success. The study revealed the effectiveness of BS in improving metabolic and clinical parameters. Importantly, variables correlating with BS success were identified, with higher pre-surgical FSTL1 levels associated with an increased effect of BS on BMI reduction. FSTL1 levels were measured from patient plasma using an ELISA kit pre-surgery and six months after. This research, despite limitations of a small sample size and limited follow-up time, contributes valuable insights into understanding and predicting the success of BS, highlighting the potential role of FSTL1 as a useful biomarker in obesity.
Enhancing deep neural network training efficiency and performance through linear prediction
Authors: Ying Hejie , Song Mengmeng , Tang Yaohong , Xiao Shungen , Xiao Zimin
Published: July 2024

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various fields. However, training an effective deep neural network still poses challenges. This paper aims to propose a method to optimize the training effectiveness of deep neural networks, with the goal of improving their performance. Firstly, based on the observation that parameters (weights and bias) of deep neural network change in certain rules during training process, the potential of parameters prediction for improving training efficiency is discovered. Secondly, the potential of parameters prediction to improve the performance of deep neural network by noise injection introduced by prediction errors is revealed. And then, considering the limitations comprehensively, a deep neural network Parameters Linear Prediction method is exploit. Finally, performance and hyperparameter sensitivity validations are carried out on some representative backbones. Experimental results show that by employing proposed Parameters Linear Prediction method, as opposed to SGD, has led to an approximate 1% increase in accuracy for optimal model, along with a reduction of about 0.01 in top-1/top-5 error. Moreover, it also exhibits stable performance under various hyperparameter settings, shown the effectiveness of the proposed method and validated its capacity in enhancing network’s training efficiency and performance.
Indoor environmental quality in WELL-certified and LEED-certified buildings
Authors: Kent Michael G. , Parkinson Thomas , Schiavon Stefano
Published: July 2024

International building certification systems, such as the WELL and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards, play a pivotal role in the design of healthy and sustainable buildings. While LEED adopts a holistic approach to designing healthy and sustainable buildings, the WELL standard has a strong emphasis on human health, comfort, and well-being. Although prior research has revealed inconsistent results for occupant satisfaction in office buildings with WELL certification compared to buildings without WELL certification, or are certified using another certification system (e.g., LEED), most of these comparisons tend to lack methodological rigor. This study used a statistical procedure to match and compare 1634 occupant surveys from LEED-certified buildings to 1634 surveys from WELL-certified buildings. Six important architectural and experiential parameters were matched, masking their influence on the outcome. Overall building and workspace satisfaction was high in both WELL-certified buildings (94% and 87%) and LEED-certified (73% and 71%). We found that there is a 39% higher probability of finding occupants who are more satisfied in WELL-certified buildings compared to LEED-certified buildings, indicating occupant satisfaction is higher in buildings with WELL certification. Although we were unable to pinpoint the reason for higher occupant satisfaction in WELL-certified buildings, the results consistently showed that perceived indoor environmental quality was enhanced across all parameters except for the amount of space.
Selection of renewable energy development path for sustainable development using a fuzzy MCDM based on cumulative prospect theory: the case of Malaysia
Authors: Li Taikun , Wang Hong , Lin Yonghui
Published: July 2024

Malaysia's excessive energy consumption has led to the depletion of traditional energy reserves such as oil and natural gas. Although Malaysia has implemented multiple policies to achieve sustainable national energy development, the current results are unsatisfactory. As of 2022, only 2% of the country's electricity supply comes from renewable energy, which accounts for less than 30% of the energy structure. Malaysia must ensure energy security and diversified energy supply while ensuring sustainable energy development. This article uses the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM) method based on cumulative prospect theory to help decision-makers choose the most suitable renewable energy for sustainable development in Malaysia from four dimensions of technology, economy, society, and environment. The results show that solar power is the most suitable renewable energy for sustainable development, followed by biomass, wind, and hydropower, but the optimal alternative is sensitive to the prospect parameters. Finally, it was analyzed that efficiency, payback period, employment creation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the most critical factors affecting the development of renewable energy in Malaysia under the four dimensions. Reasonable suggestions are proposed from policy review, green finance, public awareness, engineering education, and future energy. This research provides insightful information that can help Malaysian decision-makers scientifically formulate Sustainable development paths for renewable energy, analyze the problems encountered in the current stage of renewable energy development, and provide recommendations for Malaysia's future renewable energy transition and sustainable development.
An age-period-cohort analysis of hysterectomy incidence trends in Germany from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Baffour Awuah Gifty , Schauberger Gunther , Klug Stefanie J. , Tanaka Luana Fiengo
Published: July 2024

Recent studies show declining trends in hysterectomy rates in several countries. The objective of this study was to analyse hysterectomy time trends in Germany over a fifteen-year period using an age-period-cohort approach. Using an ecological study design, inpatient data from Diagnoses Related Group on hysterectomies by subtype performed in Germany from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved from the German Statistical Office. Descriptive time trends and age-period-cohort analyses were then performed. A total of 1,974,836 hysterectomies were performed over the study period. The absolute number of hysterectomies reduced progressively from 155,680 (365 procedures/100,000 women) in 2005 to 101,046 (257 procedures/100,000 women) in 2019. Total and radical hysterectomy decreased by 49.7% and 44.2%, respectively, whilst subtotal hysterectomy increased five-fold. The age-period-cohort analysis revealed highest hysterectomy rates in women aged 45–49 for total and subtotal hysterectomy with 608.63 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 565.70, 654.82) and 151.30 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 138.38, 165.44) respectively. Radical hysterectomy peaked later at 65–69 years with a rate of 40.63 procedures/100,000 women (95% CI 38.84, 42.52). The risk of undergoing total or radical hysterectomy decreased over the study period but increased for subtotal hysterectomy. Although, overall hysterectomy rates have declined, subtotal hysterectomy rates have increased; reflecting changes in clinical practice largely influenced by the availability of uterus-sparing options, evolving guidelines and introduction of newer surgical approaches.
An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Cotton Michael J. , Ariel Pablo , Chen Kaiwen , Walcott Vanessa A. , Dixit Michelle , Breau Keith A. , Hinesley Caroline M. , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Tang Cynthia Y. , Zheng Anna , Magness Scott T. , Burclaff Joseph
Published: July 2024

The intestinal epithelium dynamically controls cell cycle, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in non-immortalized human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Here, we present two reporters and a complete platform for analyzing cell cycle phases in live primary human IECs. We interrogate the transcriptional identity of IECs grown on soft collagen, develop two fluorescent cell cycle reporter IEC lines, design and 3D print a collagen press to make chamber slides for optimal imaging while supporting primary human IEC growth, live image cell cycle dynamics, then assemble a computational pipeline building upon free-to-use programs for semi-automated analysis of cell cycle phases. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for assigning cell cycle phase from a single image of living cells, and our PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths using our publicly available computational pipeline. Treating PIP-FUCCI IECs with oligomycin demonstrates that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration lengthens G1 phase, and PIP-H2A cells allow us to measure that oligomycin differentially lengthens S and G2/M phases across heterogeneous IECs. These platforms provide opportunities for future studies on pharmaceutical effects on the intestinal epithelium, cell cycle regulation, and more.
Application of ion-exchange dynamic conditions in the recovery of precious metals from refining waste
Authors: Goc Karolina , Benke Grzegorz , Kluczka Joanna , Pianowska Karolina , Malarz Joanna , Leszczyńska-Sejda Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the potential for recovering precious metals from technological solutions using an ion-exchange dynamic method. Precious metals like platinum, palladium, rhodium, and gold are essential materials in various industries such as: automotive, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and jewellery. Due to their limited occurrence in primary sources, there is a growing trend in the market to extract these metals from secondary sources. The research involved conducting sorption and elution tests under different parameters to investigate their impact on the process in dynamic conditions. Additionally, an attempt was made to calculate the operational and total capacity of the resins, which has not been done previously for industrial solutions. The results showed that using Puromet MTS9200, Puromet MTS9850, and Lewatit MonoPlus MP600 resins, the sorption process could be effectively carried out in dynamic conditions with a contact time of 5 min between the technological solution and the resin bed. For optimal elution, the contact time between the eluent solution and the bed should range between 10 and 30 min. To improve rhodium sorption efficiency, it was found that neutralizing the technological solution to a pH of approximately 7 and using Lewatit MonoPlus MP600 resin could be beneficial.
Clinical serum lipidomic profiling revealed potential lipid biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sun Wen , Su Miaomiao , Zhuang Lvyun , Ding Yujun , Zhang Qianhui , Lyu Daizhu
Published: July 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes featuring abnormal lipid metabolism. However, the specific lipid molecules associated with onset and progression remain unclear. We used a broad-targeted lipidomics approach to assess the lipid changes that occur before the proliferative retinopathy stage and to identify novel lipid biomarkers to distinguish between patients without DR (NDR) and with non-proliferative DR (NPDR). Targeted lipomics analysis was carried out on serum samples from patients with type I diabetes, including 20 NDRs and 20 NPDRs. The results showed that compared with the NDR group, 102 lipids in the NPDR group showed specific expressions. Four lipid metabolites including TAG58:2-FA18:1 were obtained using the Least Absolute Shrink And Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) methods. The four-lipid combination diagnostic models showed good predictive ability in both the discovery and validation sets, and were able to distinguish between NDR patients and NPDR patients. The identified lipid markers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy within the NPDR group. Our findings help to better understand the complexity and individual differences of DR lipid metabolism.
Research on optimization algorithms for localization and capacity determination of chargers considering the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicles
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Tang Zeyang , Rao Wei , Li Yiwen , Zhang Xinsong , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2024

The optimized layout of electric vehicle (EV) chargers is not only crucial for users' convenience but also a key element in urban sustainable development, energy transition, and the promotion of new energy vehicles. In order to provide a basis for the problem of localization and capacity determination of chargers and compare the merits of several mainstream algorithms, this paper first establishes an optimization model with the objective of minimizing the total investment cost of all the chargers and the constraint of meeting the charging demands of all electric vehicles. Optimizations were performed using genetic algorithm (GA), surrogate optimization algorithm (SOA), and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm, respectively. In the case of using MILP, the original nonlinear optimization problem was transformed into a linear problem. In the planning of city-level EV chargers, MILP took 14182.57 s to calculate the minimum cost of 34.62 million yuan. After retaining only 10% of the original data amount, SOA took 87651.34 s to calculate the minimum cost of 3.01 million yuan. The results indicate that GA is prone to falling into local optima and is not suitable for large-scale optimization problems. SOA, on the other hand, requires significant memory consumption, so the issue of memory usage needs to be carefully considered when using it directly. Although MILP is only applicable to linear programming problems, it has the advantages of lower memory usage and higher reliability if the problem can be transformed into a linear one.
Sub-millimeter propagation of antiferromagnetic magnons via magnon-photon coupling
Authors: Kainuma Ryo , Matsumoto Keita , Ito Toshimitsu , Satoh Takuya
Published: July 2024

For the realization of magnon-based current-free technologies, referred to as magnonics, all-optical control of magnons is an important technique for both fundamental research and practical applications. Magnon-polariton is a coupled state of magnon and photon in a magnetic medium, expected to exhibit magnon-like controllability and photon-like high-speed propagation. While recent studies have observed magnon-polaritons as modulation of incident terahertz waves, the influence of magnon-photon coupling on magnon propagation properties remains unexplored. This study aimed to observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of coherent magnon-polaritons through time-resolved imaging measurements. BiFeO3 was selected as the sample due to its anticipated strong coupling between magnons and photons. The observed dynamics suggest that antiferromagnetic magnons can propagate over long distances, up to hundreds of micrometers, through strong coupling with photons. These results enhance our understanding of the optical control of magnonic systems, thereby paving the way for terahertz opto-magnonics.
FLT1 activation in cancer cells promotes PARP-inhibitor resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Tai Yifan , Chow Angela , Han Seoyoung , Coker Courtney , Ma Wanchao , Gu Yifan , Estrada Navarro Valeria , Kandpal Manoj , Hibshoosh Hanina , Kalinsky Kevin , Manova-Todorova Katia , Safonov Anton , Walsh Elaine M , Robson Mark , Norton Larry , Baer Richard , Merghoub Taha , Biswas Anup K , Acharyya Swarnali
Published: July 2024

Acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) remains a treatment challenge for BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer that drastically shortens patient survival. Although several resistance mechanisms have been identified, none have been successfully targeted in the clinic. Using new PARPi-resistance models of Brca1- and Bard1-mutant breast cancer generated in-vivo, we identified FLT1 (VEGFR1) as a driver of resistance. Unlike the known role of VEGF signaling in angiogenesis, we demonstrate a novel, non-canonical role for FLT1 signaling that protects cancer cells from PARPi in-vivo through a combination of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways. We demonstrate that FLT1 blockade suppresses AKT activation, increases tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and causes dramatic regression of PARPi-resistant breast tumors in a T-cell-dependent manner. Moreover, PARPi-resistant tumor cells can be readily re-sensitized to PARPi by targeting Flt1 either genetically (Flt1-suppression) or pharmacologically (axitinib). Importantly, a retrospective series of breast cancer patients treated with PARPi demonstrated shorter progression-free survival in cases with FLT1 activation at pre-treatment. Our study therefore identifies FLT1 as a potential therapeutic target in PARPi-resistant, BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer.
Sample preparation and detection methods in point-of-care devices towards future at-home testing
Authors: Adedokun George , Alipanah Morteza , Fan Z. Hugh
Published: July 2024

This review covers recent advances in sample preparation and detection methods for point-of-care testing, aiming to accelerate progress towards at-home health monitoring for personalized healthcare in the future.
Adsorptive removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using a MnFe2O4@zeolite-activated carbon magnetic nanocomposite: isotherm and kinetics studies
Authors: Babri Shal Ali , Kashefi AlAsl Morteza , Khoramnejadian Shahrzad
Published: July 2024

Nitrate elimination from groundwater and surface water has received growing attention in recent years, as its gradual accumulation severely endangers freshwater reserves around the world.
Heteroatom doping-induced formation of closed pores for high-performance sodium storage hard carbon anodes
Authors: Hou Wenbo , Ma Lili , Li Anbai , Peng Hui , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Xin , Sun Kanjun , Ma Guofu , Xu Yuxi
Published: July 2024

A hard carbon with rich closed pores is easily prepared by heteroatom doping. The synergistic intercalation and adsorption by an “insertion-filled zone” method of storage of Na+ in carbon means it shows high-performance Na+ storage.
Effect of supersaturation on structural stress of rapidly growing KDP crystals studied by wide-angle conoscopic interference
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Shenglai
Published: July 2024

Photoelastic effect was applied to analyze the relationship between fringe spacing in wide-angle conoscopic interference and structural stress of KDP crystals.
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on charge carriers in a conducting pyrrole-co-poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic) copolymer
Authors: Mizera Adam , Zięba Sylwia , Bielejewski Michał , Dubis Alina T. , Łapiński Andrzej
Published: July 2024

We showed that high pressure changes the number of polarons and bipolarons in a conducting copolymer, affecting its electrical properties.
Vibrationally-resolved RIXS reveals OH-group formation in oxygen redox active Li-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Hirsbrunner Moritz , Mikheenkova Anastasiia , Törnblom Pontus , House Robert A. , Zhang Wenliang , Asmara Teguh C. , Wei Yuan , Schmitt Thorsten , Rensmo Håkan , Mukherjee Soham , Hahlin Maria , Duda Laurent C.
Published: July 2024

Vibrational RIXS signatures reveal the formation of OH-groups in Li-ion battery cathodes.
Structural characterisation and optical properties of new alkaline earth phosphate CaMg(P4O12) and alkaline alumophosphate Cs3Al4(PO4)5
Authors: Abudoureheman Maierhaba , Lv Jia , Zhu Menglin , Chen Hongheng , Wei Bo , Jin Lijun , Jing Qun , Chen Zhaohui
Published: July 2024

Two new family members of mixed alkali-earth metal phosphate and alkali metal aluminophosphate, CaMg(P4O12) and Cs3Al4(PO4)5, were reported. Their synthesis, structure, optical properties and thermal behavior analysis were explored.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance separation by NF and RO membranes: a critical evaluation of advances and future perspectives
Authors: Ali Sharafat , Wang Ruonan , Huang Haiou , Yin Shunde , Feng Xianshe
Published: July 2024

Treating PFAS-contaminated water is challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of PFAS. This review discusses advances in NF/RO membranes for separating PFAS from water and introduces a total management plan for handling the concentrated PFAS stream.
Microreactor designed for efficient plasma–liquid segmented flows
Authors: Dedieu Pierre , Morand Gabriel , Loubière Karine , Ognier Stéphanie , Tatoulian Michael
Published: July 2024

A microreactor working with gas–liquid segmented flows for controlled biphasic hydrodynamics in plasma chemical process applications.
The photosensitizer system based on cationic COF carrier with the loading tetraminoporphyrin and its combined antibacterial effect
Authors: Li Ling , Ma Jing , Cui Yuan , Liu Chong , Li Hao , Xie Dayang , Wang Tinghong , Li Yanwei , Li Yanhui
Published: July 2024

The 2D covalent organic framework COFTGTp was synthesized and TAPP deposited on it via π–π interactions to form TAPP/COFTGTp. Excellent antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was achieved with good biosafety.
Interface engineering of Zn3V2O8 decorated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and anti-microbial applications
Authors: Elizabeth I. Betsy , Elanthamilan Elaiyappillai , Wang Sea-Fue , Lydia I. Sharmila
Published: July 2024

Schematic representation of the synthesis of ZnV/HAP composite for the degradation of CR dye and anti-microbial applications.
The application of nanomaterials in tumor therapy based on the regulation of mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Yu Hongxi , Liu Dan , Hu Boxian , Zhang Ruihang , Hu Lihua , Hu Guiping , Li Cheng
Published: July 2024

This minireview summarizes the mechanical properties in nanomaterials for tumor therapy.
Tailoring sensitization properties and improving near-infrared photon upconversion performance through alloying in superatomic molecular Au25 nanoclusters
Authors: Mitsui Masaaki , Miyoshi Yuki , Arima Daichi
Published: July 2024

The alloying of rod-shaped Au25 nanoclusters with Cu atoms significantly enhanced the triplet sensitization and near-infrared photon upconversion properties when paired with 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene annihilators.
Enhanced binding of methyl alkylammonium cations through preorganization of a water-soluble calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Valencia Esteban , Ballester Pablo
Published: July 2024

The binding of pyridine-N-oxide with a calix[4]pyrrole results in the self-assembly of a preorganized supramolecular receptor displaying significant affinity (log K = 3–4) for the binding of tetra-alkylammonium cations in water.
Low dielectric polymers at high frequency with bulky adamantane groups as the linker
Authors: Zhao Leyao , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang
Published: July 2024

Two monomers with adamantane and thermo-crosslinkable benzocyclobutene (BCB) groups have been successfully synthesized. These two monomers can be cured to form polymers with low dielectric properties at a high frequency of 10 GHz.
Bimetal-doped cobalt oxyhydroxides/hydroxides synthesized by electrochemistry for enhanced OER activity
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Zhang Yi , Liu Limei , Li Yong , He Gaihua , Pang Huan
Published: July 2024

Metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides are efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reactions.
Photo-controlled order-to-order host–guest self-assembly transfer for an afterglow effect with water resistance
Authors: Liu Mouwei , Wu Bin , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Shen Shen , Sun Hao , Gu Xinyan , Ågren Hans , Xu Yifei , Zou Qi , Qu Da-Hui , Zhu Liangliang
Published: July 2024

An order-to-order phase transition of a host–guest system was achieved via photoexcitation-induced molecular conformational change.
Wetting on silicone surfaces
Authors: Hauer Lukas , Naga Abhinav , Badr Rodrique G. M. , Pham Jonathan T. , Wong William S. Y. , Vollmer Doris
Published: July 2024

In this review, we discuss the structural properties of the three most common types of silicone surfaces and their static and dynamic wetting properties. We review experimental and theoretical approaches for soft wetting.
Influence of the frequency on undulatory swimming speed in granular media
Authors: Echeverría-Huarte Iñaki , Telo da Gama Margarida M. , Araújo Nuno A. M.
Published: July 2024

A 2D model of an oscillating swimmer in a granular bed reveals a non-monotonic speed dependence on oscillation frequency.
Charge transport in electrospinning of polyelectrolyte solutions
Authors: Martin Patrick , Zussman Eyal
Published: July 2024

This study elucidates the electrical charge transport during electrospinning of weak polyelectrolyte (poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)) solutions by employing current emission measurements.
Quantum machine learning with Qiskit: Evaluating regression accuracy and noise impact
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sharma Neha , Marriwala Nikhil Kumar , Panda Sunita , Aruna M. , Kumar Jeetendra
Published: July 2024

Quantum machine learning (QML) can be employed in solving complicated machine learning tasks although the performance in examining the regression processes is only barely understood. Knowledge gaps are intended to be closed by studying modelling performance of QML in regression tasks, with emphasis being dedicated to scaling up and ability to resist noise. The regression part offers the following functions that include straight line and complex operations. Furthermore, the authors employ quantum neural networks generated using Qiskit to perform experiments. The results demonstrate that QML has a remarkable level of accuracy in basic regressions, reaching a maximum of 97%. Nevertheless, there are difficulties in representing intricate functions, such as 5 × cos(x), which results in a noticeable decline in performance. The work deals with the influence of noise and IERs from imperfect hardware on the efficiency of QML algorithms providing insight into the core obstacles. The result of a detailed examination of the results that have tested the powers and limits of QML in the development of regression applications is represented. The future direction of research and development will be defined by the results obtained in it.
Anti‐leakage transmission method of high privacy information in electric power communication network based on digital watermarking technology
Authors: Guo Hongwen , Liu Xin , Zheng Zhuoni , Liu Zhihao , Mei Xinyu
Published: July 2024

A method of transmission of highly confidential information in power communication network based on digital watermarking technology is proposed in order to reduce the leakage risk of power information and achieve the purpose of safe transmission of private information. This method establishes the data topology model of power communication network and connects the data receiving and sending terminals. Digital watermarking technology is used to embed digital watermarking in the information to be transmitted, encrypt the private information, and optimize the DES encryption algorithm to encrypt the information twice, so as to realize the safe transmission of information. The experimental results show that the digital watermark embedding rate, DES encryption rate, DES decryption rate and watermark extraction rate of the proposed method are all above 90 Mbps, and the file transfer time of 3965Byte is less than 5s, leakage risk rate and packet loss rate are 0.0001% and 0.006%, respectively, which effectively protects the security of high privacy information in the power communication network and prevents information leakage.
Propagating kink waves in an open coronal magnetic flux tube with gravitational stratification: Magnetohydrodynamic simulation and forward modelling
Authors: Gao Yuhang , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Tian Hui , Guo Mingzhe , Karampelas Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

Context. In coronal open-field regions, such as coronal holes, there are many transverse waves propagating along magnetic flux tubes, which are generally interpreted as kink waves. Previous studies have highlighted their potential role in coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and seismological diagnostics of various physical parameters.

Aims. This study aims to investigate propagating kink waves, considering both vertical and horizontal density inhomogeneity, using 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.

Methods. We established a 3D MHD model of a gravitationally stratified open flux tube, incorporating a velocity driver at the lower boundary to excite propagating kink waves. Forward modelling was conducted to synthesise observational signatures of the Fe IX 17.1 nm line.

Results. Resonant absorption and density stratification both affect the wave amplitude. When diagnosing the relative density profile with velocity amplitude, resonant damping needs to be properly considered to avoid a possible underestimation. In addition, unlike standing modes, propagating waves are believed to be Kelvin-Helmholtz stable. In the presence of vertical stratification, however, the phase mixing of transverse motions around the tube boundary can still induce small-scale structures, partially dissipating wave energy and leading to a temperature increase, especially at higher altitudes. Moreover, we conducted forward modeling to synthesise observational signatures, which revealed the promising potential of future coronal imaging spectrometers such as MUSE in resolving these wave-induced signatures. Also, the synthesised intensity signals exhibit apparent periodic variations, offering a potential method for indirectly observing propagating kink waves with current extreme ultraviolet imagers.
Investigation of the rotational spectrum of CH3 17OH and its tentative detection toward Sagittarius B2(N)
Authors: Müller Holger S. P. , Ilyushin Vadim V. , Belloche Arnaud , Lewen Frank , Schlemmer Stephan
Published: July 2024

Context. Methanol is an abundant and widespread molecule in the interstellar medium. The column density of its 18O isotopolog, CH318OH, is in some star-forming regions so high that the search for CH317OH is promising. But only very few transition frequencies of CH317 OH with a microwave accuracy have been published prior to our investigation.

Aims. We want to extend the very limited rotational line list of CH317OH to be able to search for this isotopolog in the interstellar medium.

Methods. We recorded the rotational spectrum of CH317OH between 38 and 1095 GHz employing a methanol sample enriched in 17O to 20%. A torsion-rotation Hamiltonian model based on the rho-axis method was employed to fit the data, as in our previous studies. We searched for rotational transitions of CH317OH in the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) toward the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2(N). The observed spectra were modeled under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).

Results. The assignments cover 0 ≤ J ≤ 45, Ka ≤ 16, and mainly the vt = 0 and 1 torsional states. The Hamiltonian model describes our data well. The model was applied to derive a line list for radio-astronomical observations. We report a tentative detection of CH317OH along with secure detections of the more abundant isotopologs of methanol toward Sgr B2(N2b). The derived column densities yield isotopic ratios 12C/13C = 25, 16O/18O = 240, and 18O/17O = 3.3, which are consistent with values found earlier for other molecules in Sgr B2.

Conclusions. The agreement between the 18O/17O isotopic ratio that we obtained for methanol and the 18O/17O ratios reported in the past for other molecules in Sgr B2(N) strongly supports our tentative interstellar identification of CH317OH. The accuracy of the derived line list is sufficient for further radio astronomical searches for this methanol isotopolog toward other star-forming regions.