bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Site for Administration of Intramuscular Injection to Adult Patients by Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: TURAN Nuray , ÖZDEMİR AYDIN Gülsün , KAYA Nurten
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study was carried out
to determine the sites which are selected by nurses to use in the intramuscular
medicine applications and the factors affecting the selection of the injection
sites.Methods: The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional
type of study was composed of 250 nurses working in two hospitals in Istanbul,
the sample was composed of 171 nurses selected by stratified random sampling method.
Data were collected with ‘Structured Questionnaire Form’.Results: The average age of the
nurses was found to be 26.27±7.46 years, it was determined that 40.4% of them
applied injection very often and they preferred dorsogluteal site to apply injection with a ratio of 83.6%. When the knowledge level
of nurses about the complications that may occur depending  injection site, it
was seen that some nurses did not consider complications such as pain, nerve,
bone and vascular injury, infection, necrosis, tissue irritation, nodules or
stiffness, abscess and hematoma in the deltoid site. On
the other hand, it was learnt that they had a risk of developing sciatic nerve
damage in the ventrogluteal site. The unit, which the nurses
work and the experience period in that unit affects the site selection in injection application. As a result, nurses often
prefer the dorsogluteal site in injection.

Conclusion: The nurses’ knowledge about the complications that
may ocur in the sites chosen for injection by them is insufficient and there
are factors affecting the selection of the site.
Jus Lemon untuk menurunkan Hipertensi pada Warga di Desa Menganti Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Kasron Kasron
Published: September 2019

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menyebabkan kematian. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit dengan peringkat pertama yang paling sering dijumpai di setiap negara akibat perubahan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Pengobatan penyakit hipertensi dapat menggunakan pengobatan modern, namun dapat juga menggunakan pengobatan alternatif. Pengendalian hipertensi sangat penting dilakukan untuk mencegah komplikasi. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan di Desa Menganti, dimana didapatkan data bahwa mayoritas warga belum mengetahui informasi tentang hipertensi, penyebab, komplikasi, pencegahan dan penatalaksanaannya. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dan warga tentang hipertensi, penyebab, komplikasi, pencegahan dan penatalaksanaannya. Meningkatkan kemampuan kader dan warga tentang upaya penurunan tekanan darah dengan mengkonsumsi jus lemon. Metode kegiatan dilakukan secara bertahap dengan kegiatan sebagai berikut: Meningkatkan pengetahuan kader, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan warga, simulasi praktek, dan evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan kader-warga tentang upaya pencegahan dan penurunan hipertensi dan terdapat penurunan tekanan darah pada warga yang menderita hipertensi setelah mengkonsumsi jus lemon.
How Much Should We Rely on Student Test Achievement as a Measure of Success?
Authors: Goldhaber Dan , Özek Umut
Published: September 2019

The use of test scores as a performance measure in high-stakes educational accountability has become increasingly popular since the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), which imposed sanctions such as the threat of losing federal funds unless a state implemented a school accountability system that measures student progress continuously. Since then, many in the education community have questioned whether differences in student test scores reflect actual discrepancies in the long-term well-being of individuals. In this review, we try to address this question in the light of the extant literature that examines the relationship between test scores and later life outcomes. We show that while there are certainly studies that contradict the causality of this relationship, there is also abundant evidence suggesting a causal link between test scores and later life outcomes. We conclude that any debate about the use of test scores in educational accountability (1) should be framed by use of all relevant empirical evidence, (2) should also consider the predictive validity of nontest measures of student success, and (3) should keep in mind that the predictive validity of test scores could be stronger in some contexts than others.
An extension of valid syllogisms to valid categorical arguments
Authors: Radulescu Dan Constantin
Published: September 2019

One presents the Set Theory Model (STM) of the valid categorical arguments (VCAs) as an improvement on the Classic Categorical Syllogistic (CCS) approach to the valid (categorical) syllogisms (VS) – a proper subset of the VCAs. The STM was initially developed by George Boole and Lewis Carroll, who worked with a “universe of discourse”, U, which contains the pairwise complementary sets, or categorical terms, S,S'(non-S),P,P'(non-P),M,M'(non-M), and is thus partitioned into 8 subsets: SPM:= S∩P∩M, S'PM,...,S'P'M'. In STM both the positive terms, S,P,M, and the negative terms, S',P',M', are allowed to appear in the pairs of categorical premises (PCPs) and their entailed logical consequences (LCs). One thus counts 64 distinct PCPs, out of which only 32 PCPs generate VCAs, and 32 PCPs do not entail any LC. By comparison, CCS admits PCPs worded only via the positive terms S,P,M, and accepts as VS LCs only the statements E(S,P), I(S,P), A(S,P), or O(S,P). It is easier to see on the VCA set, than on its VS proper subset, that there are only three distinct types of VCAs, (and of VS), and that all the VCAs of the same type are equivalent modulo the term relabelings p:= P↔P', s:=S↔S', m:=M↔M' and their compositions. Besides the VCAs and their LCs, one discusses VCA (or categorical) sorites, “VCA distribution conservation”, empty set constraints (ESC), and “VCA generalized versions” of the Rules of Valid Syllogisms (RofVS).
Paket program statistik
Authors: malau Josua
Published: September 2019

Daftar harga software statistik
Peran Akuntansi Manajemen Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Wati Enny
Published: September 2019

Akuntansi Manajemen adalah penerapan konsep dan metode yang tepat dalam mengolah data ekonomi masa lalu dan membuat proyeksi masa depan suatu usaha untuk membantu manajemen dalam penyusunan rencana/tujuan perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan
Dispositional playfulness in young children: A cross-sectional and longitudinal examination of the psychometric properties of a new child self-reported playfulness scale and associations with social behaviour
Authors: Fink Elian , Mareva Silvana , Gibson Jenny Louise
Published: September 2019

Most research on children’s play takes a context-dependent, adult-focused observational approach to the measurement of play. The current two studies present the development and psychometric properties of the Chid Self-Report Playfulness (CSRP) scale which was presented via ‘puppet-show’ to two samples of children. Study 1, across 98 children between 5 and 7 years of age, showed that the items of the CSRP had good internal consistency, were stable across the 6-week test-retest period and, for the most part, showed no differential item functioning across age, sex and language ability. Study 2 involved a longitudinal sample of children followed from Reception (age 5, N = 244) to Year 1 (age 6). Findings revealed favourable psychometric properties using longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance. Associations between playfulness and children’s teacher- and peer-rated social behaviour were examined, and showed specific associations between playfulness and teacher-rated play interaction, rather than peer social maturity, problem behaviour or peer-rated social preference. Overall, the CSRP appears to be a promising approach to the measurement of play.
Predicting a Salient Social Identity from Linguistic Style
Authors: Koschate-Reis Miriam , Dickens Luke , Stuart Avelie , Naserian Elahe , Russo Alessandra , Levine Mark
Published: September 2019

Social media data are already being used to classify individuals into mutually exclusive social groups. Here we propose a model based on self-categorization theory that classifies which of two social identities is salient within the same person using text data. Based on over 500,000 online forum posts and seven prototype-based style features, a trained classifier correctly distinguishes between posts written by the same person in two different social contexts – a parenting forum and a feminist forum – significantly above chance level (AUC = .74). We then apply the trained classifier to a new dataset (N = 153) obtained from an online experiment where salience of group membership is manipulated. We show that our trained model distinguishes between salient parent and feminist identities significantly above chance level when the topic is irrelevant to either identity (AUC = .69). We discuss applications but also limitations of a text-based prediction of salient social identities.
Factors Associated with an Unmet Need for Contraception in the United States, 2002-2017
Authors: Molitoris Joseph
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the association between individual-level characteristics and the risk of having an unmet need for contraception in the United States between 2002 and 2017 for women who were sexually active, not pregnant or postpartum, fecund, and wanted no more children. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, logistic regression models are used to estimate the association between demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive characteristics and the probability of having an unmet need for any contraception and for modern methods. The results show that 6.8% of the women at risk did not use any form of contraception and 12.1% did not use any modern method. Women who were black, Catholic, insured by Medicaid or uninsured, nulliparous, and who had not used contraception at their first sex had the greatest odds of having an unmet need, suggesting that specific groups are disproportionately vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy in the United States.
Does data editing really matter? The relevance of within and post-interview data editing in the IAB-ALWA study
Authors: Drasch Katrin
Published: September 2019

Retrospective life course are extremely valuable for analysis. Unfortunately, quality requirements for this kind of data are high. Therefore, data have to be edited often with a time consuming process. Notwithstanding such enormous efforts, survey methodology has up until now paid little attention to the subject of data editing as well as to other post-data-collection procedures. I aim at filling this gap. In the following, I use the IAB-ALWA study that collected data on life courses of a nationally representative sample of 10,000 respondents. It will be examined whether such a design is beneficial from the perspective of data quality and efficiency. The results show that despite corrections the results are robust concerning different specifications of the dependent variable stemming from different stages of the editing process.
Decentralising the Patent System
Authors: de Rassenfosse Gaetan , Higham Kyle
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a substantive re-think of the modern patent system. The patent system has come under intensive criticism in the past, and many scholars have proposed ways to improve it. Ideas for improvement include, e.g., prior-art bounties, contracting out examination and dynamic fee setting. However, many of these ideas have gone unheeded due to the cost of administering them and the rigidity of the patent system. We explore how distributed ledger technologies enable these major changes.
Appendicitis in the Elderly Patient with Multiple Co-Morbid Conditions: Case Report
Authors: Rayamajhi Anuj Jung , Paudel Prashanta , Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Paudel Subash Chandra , Dhungel Bidur Kumar , Byanjankar Bikram , Pandit Rabin
Published: September 2019

Acute appendicitis is commonly encountered surgical emergency worldwide.  Although, it is commonly found in young and middle aged groups, the incidence of the diseases in geriatric age group is very rare and possesses a great challenge to safe technique of anesthesia due to co-existing comorbid conditions and medications used. Geriatric population are more susceptible to complications of appendicitis. This is a case report of 82 years old male patient, presented with appendicular perforation with localized abscess formation in a septic state with multiple comorbid condition. Routinely performed Spinal and general anaesthesia adds further challenge in management of this patient during and after surgery. Therefore, we performed the case in regional nerve block; paravertebral, ilioinguinal- iliohypogastric (ILIH) and coeliac plexus block and sedation.
Editorial Vol.1(1)
Authors: Nepal Pankaj Raj
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
Review of Neurosurgical services at B&C Hospital in last 3 years
Authors: Thapa Dinesh K.
Published: September 2019

Neurosurgery was started in Far-Eastern Nepal as Department of Neurosurgery at B&C Hospital in early 2015. Prof.Dr. Basant Pant played a key role to establish and give astounding start with all technical supports possible. Dr. Chandra P Limbu and I joined the institute at the beginning from ANIAS. Since last one year the department is led by Dr. Pankaj Raj Nepal, who is one of the finest trainee of Prof. Upendra P. Devkota.

The set up of the operating theatre is allowing us to do almost all types of neurosurgical procedures. In last three years there were 336 head injuries cases among which acute subdural hematoma was the commonest one. There were 48 cases of cervical spine injuries cases admitted over this duration. Hemorrhagic stroke requiring surgical procedure were 46 followed by 11 cases of malignant MCA infarction. Tumors were of different types and were 83 cases during this period. Aneurysms were 46 in number who underwent clipping.
Analysis of Factors associated with Revision of Ventriculoperitoneal shunt at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Nepal
Authors: Yogi Nikunja , Thulung Suraj , Munakarmi Mayush Bahadur , Nakarmi Rachana , Gongal Dinesh Nath
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the commonest procedure for hydrocephalus. The cases requiring shunt revision is a major obstacle in its management. Various factors have been implicated for failure or revision of shunt like patient’s age, sex, cause of hydrocephalus, duration of surgery. This study aims to analyze the rate of VP shunt revision and various factors associated with it.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed 237 cases aged three months to 75 years, of VP shunt from January 2010-December 2014 with at least one year follow up at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences. We evaluated the rate of VP shunt revision and various factors associated with it. The categorical variables were evaluated by chi-square test. Odds ratio was calculated for each factors at 95% CI.

Results: There were 54 (22.78%) cases having at least one revision within one year of shunt insertion. The odds of revision of shunt was 6.58 times higher when inserted through frontal approach than occipital approach. The external ventricular drain placement prior to shunt surgery had statistically significant association with shunt revision (p=0.02). There was no difference in patients requiring/not requiring shunt revision when compared in terms of age group, gender, various etiologies and side of shunt insertions.

Conclusions: The rate of shunt revision in our study was 22.78% which is comparable to other studies. Frontal approach in VP shunt insertion was associated with increased rate of shunt failure thus requiring revision. Likewise, external ventricular drain placement prior to shunt surgery was associated with increased incidence of revision surgery.
Factors affecting Mortality in Neurosurgical ICU of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Karmacharya Balgopal , Yogi Nikunj , Baral Paribartan
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Mortality is an important self-assessment tool in medical practice. This study assesses various factors associated with mortality in Neurosurgery ICU (NS-ICU).

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017 in 416 patients admitted to NS-ICU. The age, sex, diagnosis, GCS, pupil’s abnormality, vital parameters, laboratory parameters, comorbidities were compared in between mortality and survival group. The individual component of GCS was further evaluated.

Results: Out of 416 patients, 374 (89.90%) patients were in survival group and 42 (10.10%) patients in mortality group. Trauma 188(45.20%) and Cerebrovascular accident 133(31.97%) were commonest diagnosis on admission. The GCS, eye-opening and motor component of GCS, abnormal pupils, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), operated cases and serum urea levels were found to have significant difference between mortality and survival group. These parameters were further subjected to binary logistic regression which showed DBP (B-0.01, p=0.00), HR (B0.02, p=0.00), motor score of GCS (B-0.50, p=0.04), operated cases (B 1.13,p=0.00), abnormal pupils (B1.85,p=0.00), DM (B1.56, p=0.00) to have significant association with mortality.

Conclusions: High heart rate, low diastolic BP, low motor score of Glasgow Coma Scale, abnormal pupils, diabetes mellitus and operated cases were found to be significantly associated with mortality.
Creutzfeldt-Jackob disease: A Case Report with MRI (DWI) Findings
Authors: Joshi Hari Om , Dan Tong , Yuan Ting Tang , Thapa Ajit , Shakya Jyotsna
Published: September 2019

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is sub-acute transmissible neurodegenerative disease which affects both human and animals. Among those that affect humans, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease is the most common. This disease has a genetic basis and characteristic of an infectious disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an important tool in diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and can assist especially in the early stages of the disease, when the clinical features might not be typical and Electroencephalogram shows normal or nonspecific abnormalities. Newer Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging have shown to be more sensitive in detecting this disease at its early stage. We report a single case of probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its peculiar findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Ecuador Extractive Imperative and the ITT Initiative
Authors: Swallow Phillip Sloan
Published: September 2019

In Ecuador, following the late 2000’s commodity boom, a populist government invested increased oil revenues into social spending, reducing inequality, and gaining a rare period of political stability. The Yasuní National Park has been the focal point of this dynamic since 2006 when the government endorsed a ground-breaking plan to protect the park called the Yasuni ITT initiative. The initiative’s demise in 2013 raises the question: what explains the government’s initial support of, and then rejection of the ITT initiative? Upon combining the theories of extractive imperative and limited access order, this paper’s thesis is that, given Ecuador’s choice to fund public services through extractive industry rents, reducing extractive industry rents through constraining extractive industries is too painful politically. These theories help to structure a narrative, producing insights into the political dynamic impacting the ITT initiative and its eventual collapse. This thesis pursues its investigation through a case study of Yasuní National Park.
e3=earth education economics: Trends and topics at the 1st PRME Canada Regional Meeting (2013)
Authors: Delay Katherine
Published: September 2019

This paper is a review and discussion of the recent PRME conference hosted at MacEwan University and the presentations therein. From roundtable academic debates to innovations in the aircraft industry to upcoming insurance dilemmas to issues in practicing sustainability and corporate roles in climate change, many different areas of focus came under discussion and illustrate the complex challenge that is environmentalism in the 21st century
The Right and the Good: Communicating Environmental Issues
Authors: McEwen Goldwin Edison
Published: September 2019

What we see is partially dependent on what we are shown. As communicators, we have a duty to inform and educate and lead. As environmental communicators we have the privilege of explaining how the various parts of our natural world work, individually, in unison, and in relationship to people. By examining two specific areas of growing global concerns, this paper provides an analytic tool and starts a discussion as to what should be guiding decisions concerning major environmental questions. The first growing global concern discussed is tailings ponds in Northern Alberta’s oil sands. The second is the large bodies of air pollution in Asia. In both cases, (Good) short term decisions that benefit a few have led to large environmental concerns. Should humanity be worried about our future? Could (Right) long-term, sustainable, and inclusive decisions lead to more manageable environmental challenges? To be a communicator in the real world it is important to know and differentiate between the Good and the Right. Good and Right communications in environmental issues support daily or frequent acts concerning any or all of three critical areas: sustainability, conservation, and climate change. Questions are addressed. Where are people now with respect to environment, how did we get here, and what are the pros and cons of changing from Good to Right solutions? By looking at one individual’s choice, readers see that Good and Right decisions do not have to be mutually exclusive.
Sleeping Naked is Green
Authors: Paradis Danielle
Published: September 2019

Environmental books, while informative, can sometimes make for dry reading. What initially attracted me to this book by Vanessa Farquharson was the title. The premise of the book is Farquharson—a young Arts and Life reporter for the right-wing, climate change-denying National Post—decides to spend a year greening her life. She commits to making one change a day. The entire year was captured on her Blog “Green as a Thistle” and the book strings together her events from a post-experiment perspective, although it is written more like a journal reflection of her blog. Some of her eco-conscious changes are small— like the switch to recycled paper towel—but some of the changes she implemented are not for the pseudo-environmentalist. Some of the most memorable changes are Vanessa using only vegan-friendly dental floss...
The Problem with People
Authors: Campbell David
Published: September 2019

Climate change has become a critical political issue in the past twenty years. However, there is a related issue that is often overlooked by governments, industry, and the public: energy supply security, defined by the IAEA (2007) as “...the ability of a nation to muster the energy resources needed to ensure its welfare” (n.p.). Conventional energy requires the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide, the primary driver behind climate change (Pulles & Amstel, 2010, p. 4). Because of this, the problems of our dependence on fossil fuels and carbon fuelled global warming are interrelated. As such, solving the climate change problem may mitigate energy concerns. However, the potentially disastrous consequences of climate change will not be felt immediately while energy is critical to our daily survival; so, energy issues are arguably a more pressing concern.
A Discounted Threat: Environmental Impacts of the Livestock Industry
Authors: Bourgeois Leanne
Published: September 2019

This article provides an overview of the environmental effects of the livestock industry. Current industry practice, specifically the proliferation of concentrated animal feeding operations as the primary means of production, has left far-reaching ecological consequences in its wake. Animal agriculture is implicated in numerous environmental threats including rising greenhouse gas emissions (particularly through release of nitrous oxide and methane, in addition to carbon dioxide), overconsumption of water for both live animals and feed crops, and decreased water quality. Furthermore, localized pollution owing to copious animal waste has tainted many regions and compromised human health. Alterations of land use and the resulting loss of biodiversity are also of major concern. The problem has expanded as developing countries’ appetite for these products grows – however, the issue has tended not to be a focal point of environmental debate. The article details the environmental destruction wrought by current practices, while outlining recommendations for reducing the environmental toll, at both the individual and systemic level
Food Sustainability: Visually Speaking
Authors: Cloutier Melissa
Published: September 2019

Food sustainability at Edmonton’s regional, city, community and personal level is visually presented within a VCPH 340 Documentary Photography final project. This article reveals how the final project inspired a group of design students to cultivate the concept of, raise awareness about and promote food sustainability activism within and around Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Dune: Desert Planet
Authors: Delay Katherine
Published: September 2019

This article is a review of the science fiction classic Dune, by Frank Herbert, and its environmental message. By designing an entirely new universe for his masterpiece, Herbert enables the reader to draw perspective about the world of 20th, and 21st, century Earth, and where humanity is possibly headed. Dune, however, is more than just a space opera, it is an enduring message about the struggle between conservation and human avarice.
Roots, Tendrils, Sprouts and Shoots: A Case Study of Parkallen’s Community Garden, a permaculture project
Authors: Wurfel Marlene
Published: September 2019

The first growing season of Edmonton’s Parkallen Community Garden began in Spring 2012. We transformed an unused strip of lawn bordering our hockey rink into a loamy, thriving “edible food forest” of corn, beans, squash, kale, tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, apple trees, and mammoth sunflowers. It is unlike most community gardens in that individual plots are not tended by individual gardeners; rather, the PCG is tended communally, by the community. The garden is open and accessible to the community, always, and all are welcome there, from the toddler whose only contribution is to chomp on a snowpea and water a dandelion, to the senior who wants to plant a tree in his community that he knows will outlive him. Hundreds of Parkallen residents have planted something, admired something, or munched on something there. In its first year Parkallen’s garden won The City of Edmonton’s top community gardening award from Communities in Bloom. This article is a case study of the Parkallen Community Garden. Through the lenses and observations of the author, it details how Parkallen’s permaculture design came, literally, to fruition and how permaculture has been interpreted and how it informs our garden and our gardening community.
Conserving China's Biodiversity
Authors: Pyne Kevin
Published: September 2019

Over the past several decades, with the introduction of ecology as a scientific pursuit, China has made advancements in ensuring the health and sustainability of its forests and biodiversity. A very large number of endemic plant and vertebrate species are found in China, plenty of which have value in many areas, including aesthetics and medicine. China’s biodiversity faces many threats, including the invasion of alien species, urbanization and deforestation, as well as global warming. As the monetary value of the products obtained from the many endemic species has been recognized, an increase in environmental awareness has surfaced. Several domestic and international environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) committed to the preservation of China’s forests and wildlife have played an increasing role in educating both the Chinese and the rest of the world. The major issue concerning the preservation of China’s biodiversity is a lack of education in the biological sciences. Increased funding to attract more educated people to work in the Ministry of the Environment, as well as to aid in educating more people is the first logical step.
Dian Fossey`s controversial 'Active Conservation' proves useful in increasing Mountain Gorilla Awareness
Authors: Rimmer Brandy M
Published: September 2019

As a researcher and advocate of the mountain gorilla, Dian Fossey dedicated her life career to understand, protect, and assist the mountain gorilla by bringing awareness to the complexity of this animal and to the habitat needs required to support it. This paper presents the approach that Fossey used to increase the mountain gorilla awareness: ‘Active Conservation’.
Soaring to green heights: The current sustainable initiatives in the commercial airline industry
Authors: Weir Bretton
Published: September 2019

The air travel industry is changing. The needs of the environment are being considered and research into ways of improving the industry is being explored. This paper explores the current climate in the commercial airline industry, paying special attention to the ways in which Boeing and Airbus are ensuring the developments of greener technologies. Included is an examination of a diverse range of the research and literature available on the aviation industry and the impacts it poses on the environment in its current state. With that, the question of corporate social responsibility is acknowledged along with a deeper look into the sustainable practices in the industry. Additionally, the paper compares the Boeing 787 Dreamliner to the Airbus A380, two of the most eco-friendly commercial wide-body aircrafts on the market. Ways in which the industry utilizes the PRME principles are also mentioned.
Climate Change Policy 101
Authors: MacDonald Donald
Published: September 2019

Similar to other policy issues, climate change policy proceeds in a cyclical fashion that proceeds from agenda setting, to policy development, to implementation, and finally to monitoring and review. Agenda setting involves politicians becoming convinced, usually by the science but also by politics and public opinion, that the climate issue deserves a policy response. Policy development involves a great deal of economic and policy option assessments that are winnowed down to a few options that may have “political traction” (i.e. those politicians think might succeed). Policy implementation involves turning policies into law and regulations that industry and individuals will act upon. Policy review, especially monitoring outcomes, is perhaps the most important phase, and for the climate change issue, the ongoing conclusion to date seems to be that more needs to be done, leading to the policy cycle starting over again. But there are also disturbing signs that this “top-down” approach is no longer working, and more “bottom-up” approaches, linked to the energy sector and clean technology, may become important new forces in forging action on climate change.
Reality is Just a Dream: The Significance of the Uncanny in Christopher Nolan’s Inception
Authors: Vyskocil Kristina
Published: September 2019

In this research essay, the author argues a psychoanalytic interpretation of Christopher Nolan's film Inception: that it is impossible to know the real world.  Furthermore, that uncanny experiences serve as reminder of the real world, but that we need to forget the real world and accept our perceived reality in order to continue functioning.  The train, the open window, Mal and even the children are presented as elements of the uncanny.
Compulsory Voting: A Dialogue
Authors: Hammond George
Published: September 2019

Written in a Platonic dialogue format, two long-time friends argue about the pros and cons of compulsory voting.
Beats from the East: Transcultural Adaptation of Hip-Hop from North America to Eastern Asia
Authors: Melnyk Andrew Donald
Published: September 2019

Hip-hop culture has spread from its origins in the South Bronx in the late 1970’s to many countries across the globe, leading to the creation of a Global Hip-hop Nation in which artist from every nation have the ability to share, collaborate, and critique the works of others. With the expansion of a culture that was created – predominately – by marginalized African-Americans, an issue that has arisen is the authenticity of what constitutes ‘real’ Hip-hop for those outside of North America. In this paper the author will explore the relationship between Hip-hop cultures in North America and Eastern Asia in an attempt to show how both cultures have influenced each other rather than the commonly held view that Eastern Asian countries (Japan, China, and South Korea) have copied and imitated the styles of North America. Through secondary research and exploring the scholarship surrounding the creation and expansion of Hip-hop culture the author will examine the circumstances that have lead to the popularity Hip-hop has gained in North America and Eastern Asia, and examine the aspects of Eastern Asian culture that have influenced Hip-hop artists in North America to show that the imitation and adaptation of cultures works both ways.
To Cheat or Not to Cheat: That’s the Marketing Research Question
Authors: Brodie Sarah , Hunter Sarah , McNeilly Victoria , Takla Sarah , Zirk Amanda
Published: September 2019

This study provides a new insight on how to approach problems universities face with cheating. Focusing on Academic Integrity at MacEwan University, our research provides an overview of the perceptions faculty and students have on this topic. We conducted 69 surveys from faculty members and 280 surveys from students. We then evaluated those findings using a statistical software (SPSS).Throughout the study we will evaluate the impact of professors, the mindset of students, and the faculties that have students who are more inclined to break the policies. Our findings are based on primary and secondary data that evaluates our hypothesis and futher describes recommendations for universities to successfully implement methods to avoid academic dishonesty.
Magical Playscape - The Airport
Authors: Steinke Melissa
Published: September 2019

Magical playscapes are environments rich with colours, smells and textures; where scale and physical traits are attuned to create fairy-like charm or th awe of the gargantuan and the creatures of myths and enchanted tales are invited to share in the play.  Authors Frost and Talbot explain that, "such playscapes extend possibilities; expand awareness; transcend the common; and enhance opportunities for children to wonder, create and experiment, and thus to grow" (1989, p. 15).Students were asked to create a magical playscape for their term 2 field placement.  My goal in creating a magical playscape was to build a space where each child was welcome, felt supported, and free to play within the given space or to recreate it; I wanted them to feel unencumbered by adult rules or boundaries and to find within this area their own "magical state of being" (p. 14).ReferenceFrost, J., & Talbot, J. (1989). Magical playscapes. Childhood Education, 66(1), 11-19
The Feminine Voice in Global Journalism: The Example of Ukraine
Authors: Wiart Nicole Madeleine
Published: September 2019

This study is designed to identify a discrepancy, if any, between the number of female and male journalists reporting on the crisis in Ukraine. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as primary and secondary research, the following paper attempts to bring attention to gendered differences in crisis reporting, and explain how those gendered differences affect the interpretation of a conflict. Previous research shows women are more inclined to cover crises from a human interest or human suffering standpoint, whereas men cover crises through politics and violence. The study concludes that while the majority of journalists reporting on the Ukraine crisis for The New York Times are male, it does not find a concrete correlation between the primary focus of the sample articles and the gender of the journalist. The analysis provides a starting point for future research, as well as a new perspective to a modern conflict heavily covered by North American media.
Boys versus Girls: Gendered Presentations of Newborns via Instagram Photograph Uploads.
Authors: Garcia Jason Brian
Published: September 2019

The present study examined the prevalence of gender stereotypes displayed in photograph uploads of newborns in the mobile social media application, Instagram. A quantitative content analysis was performed on a sample of 120 of the most recent photograph uploads with the hashtag streams “#newbornbabyboy” and “#newbornbabygirl”. 60 of these images consisting of each newborn females and males, collected between the 26th and 27th of March, 2014. Results showed that newborn baby boys were only portrayed in a gender-stereotypical manner where the most predominant clothing colour worn was blue. For girls, the results also revealed a gender-stereotypical pattern as pink was the most displayed clothing colour. There was no significant difference found between male and female newborns in how often they were accessorized. The primary source of the photograph uploads were most often the babies’ mothers.
Weight Implications on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Carter Lindsay Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

The incidence of rising weight in reproducing women has potential for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, both short and long term. The purpose of the project was to identify the extent of potential implications resulting from maintaining a body mass index larger than 25 throughout a pregnancy. Select authors have conducted quantitative, retrospective cohort studies by requesting participants to complete a questionnaire during pregnancy providing information on variables of social determinants of health with a control study of woman with a BMI under 25 and excluding mothers without a recorded BMI in antenatal records and mothers with pre-existing diabetes. Research resulted in overarching implications for both maternal and fetal well-being with added potential burden on the health care system. Neonate’s born under influence of a maternal BMI larger than 25 risk complications including preterm birth, congenital anomalies, fetal macrosomia, and death. Mothers are at increased risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, caesarian section and require more healthcare services. Continued longitudinal studies may provide greater insight into the life course trajectories of children born under such circumstances, and offer interventions appropriate to aid consequences of weight implications on pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, additional studies on appropriate and safe interventions throughout the pregnancy may minimize potential risks on maternal and fetal well-being. This discussion is designed to explain the gravity of weight juxtaposed with pregnancy, and provide strategies aimed at optimizing health outcomes.
Living in the Moment: The Everyday in Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Cunningham’s The Hours
Authors: Bushell Jessa
Published: September 2019

In this essay the importance and effect of the everyday moment in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and Michael Cunningham's The Hours is discussed. Whether the everyday moment is shown as baking a cake, taking a sip of coffee or making hats, each moment has its own significant impact on the characters. The impact arouses both powerful feelings and illuminating possibilities in the lives of the characters, thus demonstrating that the ordinary moments in life often hold the greatest significance.
Immunity, Sex and Parasites: Does Sex of Sand-Field Cricket (Gryllus firmus) Affect Immune Response to Eugregarine Parasites?
Authors: Shaw Ashley
Published: September 2019

There is controversy about the effects gut-dwelling eugregarine parasites have on their invertebrate hosts. If crickets (Gryllus firmus) apportion resources to reproduction differently in males vs. females, then resources used to mount immune responses to parasites may also differ – especially if the parasites are pathogenic. I investigated the possible differences in immune response between male and female crickets and attempted to determine whether these differences are related to intensity of parasitic infection. To do this, pieces of nylon filament were implanted into the hemocoel of crickets which tested the immune response where hemocytes surround the filament (encapsulation). These responses were compared to intensity of parasitic infection. No statistically significant relationship between sex and melanisation, or sex and parasite load were found. I found that the duration of melanization was negatively correlated to parasite abundance and that there was a positive correlation between body size and parasite number. This result suggests the existence of a relationship between the parasite and host that could be conflicting with sexual selection theory, such as host manipulation by the parasite.
Bilgisayar Oyunu Oynama Süresinin Uyku Kalitesi, El Reaksiyon Hızı ve Fiziksel Aktivite Seviyesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Faruk , SAYACA Çetin
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bilgisayar oyunu oynama süresinin uyku
kalitesi, el reaksiyon hızı ve fiziksel aktivite seviyesi üzerine etkisini
değerlendirilmek amacıyla planlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-25 yaş aralığında oyun oynayan
31 (19E, 12K) ve oyun oynamayan 30 (16K, 14E) olmak üzere toplam 61 birey
çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmanın etik kurul onayı alındı. Tüm bireylere
bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü olur formu imzalatıldı. Bireylerin oyun oynama
süreleri ağır, orta, hafif olarak sınıflandırıldı.  Fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri Uluslararası
Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi ile uyku kaliteleri Pitssburgh uyku kalite indeksi ile
el reaksiyon hızı ise Nelson el reaksiyon testi ile değerlendirildi.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda oyun oynayan ve oynamayan bireyler
karşılaştırıldığında fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ve uyku kalitesi arasında fark
yoktu (p>0,05). Fakat el reaksiyon hızın karşılaştırıldığında fark vardı
(p<0,01). Oyun oynayan bireylerin el reaksiyon hızı daha iyi bulundu. Oyun
çeşidi ile oyun oynama süresi arasında ise anlamlı fark bulundu(p>0.005).

Tartışma: Oyun oynayan bireylerde el reaksiyon
hızlarının daha iyi olduğu saptandı. İki grubun fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve
uyku kaliteleri karşılaştırıldığında fark bulunamadı. Bilgisayar oyunu oynamak
el reaksiyon hızını geliştirebilir ancak fiziksel aktivite ve uyku kalitesini bozabilir.
Ancak her iki grupta fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve uyku kalitesi arasında fark
olmaması gençlerin sedanter yaşama doğru ilerlediğini ve uyku kalitelerinin de azalıyor
olabileceğini göstermektedir. Farklı tip bilgisayar oyunları oynayan daha fazla
birey üzerinde,  farklı değerlendirme
yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Relationship among anesthesia technique, surgical stress, and cognitive dysfunction following spinal surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Ezhevskaya Anna A. , Ovechkin Alexei M. , Prusakova Zhanna B. , Zagrekov Valery I. , Mlyavykh Sergey G. , Anderson D. Greg
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE

Surgical trauma is known to result in systemic inflammatory changes that can lead to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In the present study, the authors compared the effects of an epidural anesthesia protocol to those of traditional anesthesia with regard to postoperative inflammatory changes, cellular immunity, and cognitive dysfunction.

METHODS

Forty-eight patients, ages 45–60 years, underwent multilevel thoracolumbar decompression and fusion and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1 (27 patients) had combined epidural and general anesthesia, followed by epidural analgesia for 48 hours after surgery, and group 2 (21 patients) had general anesthesia, followed by traditional opioid pain management after surgery. At multiple time points, data on pain control, cognitive function, cellular immunity, and inflammatory markers were collected.

RESULTS

Group 1 patients demonstrated lower pain levels, less systemic inflammation, less cellular immune dysfunction, and less postoperative cognitive dysfunction than group 2 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of combined epidural and general anesthesia followed by postoperative epidural analgesia during the first 48 hours after multilevel thoracolumbar decompression and fusion surgery had a significant positive effect on pain management, cellular immune function, systemic inflammation, and postoperative cognitive function.

Clinical trial registration no.: 115080510080 (http://rosrid.ru)
Jean Talairach: a cerebral cartographer
Authors: Harary Maya , Cosgrove G. Rees
Published: September 2019

Although French psychiatrist-turned-neurosurgeon Jean Talairach (1911–2007) is perhaps best known for the stereotaxic atlas he produced with Pierre Tournoux and Gábor Szikla, he has left his mark on most aspects of modern stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. In the field of psychosurgery, he expressed critique of the practice of prefrontal lobotomy and subsequently was the first to describe the more selective approach using stereotactic bilateral anterior capsulotomy. Turning his attention to stereotaxy, Talairach spearheaded the team at Hôpital Sainte-Anne in the construction of novel stereotaxic apparatus. Cadaveric investigation using these tools and methods resulted in the first human stereotaxic atlas where the use of the anterior and posterior commissures as intracranial reference points was established. This work revolutionized the approach to cerebral localization as well as leading to the development of numerous novel stereotactic interventions by the Sainte-Anne team, including tumor biopsy, interstitial irradiation, thermal ablation, and endonasal procedures. Together with epileptologist Jean Bancaud, Talairach invented the field of stereo-electroencephalography and developed a robust scientific methodology for the assessment and treatment of epilepsy. In this article the authors review Talairach’s career trajectory in its historical context and in view of its impact on modern stereotactic and functional neurosurgery.