bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Migraines: Research on Prevention and Supportive Treatment
Authors: Belcarz Wiktoria , Kalinowska Karolina , Paprocka Aleksandra , Świrk Urszula , Fijałek Paulina , Karczmarz Jan , Gutowska Marika , Balwierz Magdalena , Orzechowska Joanna , Orzechowski Michał
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Purpose
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurring headaches and associated symptoms, such as nausea, sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine significantly impacts the daily functioning of individuals affected by the condition. This article explores the relationship between physical activity and migraines, focusing on how regular exercise may influence the frequency, intensity, and overall management of migraine attacks. Through a review of existing studies, the article aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms, assess the effectiveness of physical activity as both a preventive and therapeutic tool and provide practical guidance for healthcare professionals and patients. The goal is to highlight the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological approach to improving migraine treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods
A detailed literature review was conducted covering the years 1993-2023, using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were identified using keywords such as "migraine," "physical exercise," "physical activity," "migraine therapy," and "non-pharmacological treatment." Special attention was given to peer-reviewed articles, including primary research studies and systematic reviews, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Summary
The literature review highlights the growing recognition of physical activity as a valuable non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of migraines. Regular exercise appears not only to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks but also to improve overall well-being by mitigating associated factors such as stress and sleep disturbances. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating physical activity into a holistic approach to migraine treatment, offering a promising pathway for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Wilson Disease: Why Early Diagnosis Matters and How to Improve Screening
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka , Charzewski Piotr
Published: February 2025

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, leading to copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other organs. This results in hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms, including cirrhosis, movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and mood disturbances. Diagnosis relies on biochemical tests (serum ceruloplasmin, urinary copper excretion, hepatic copper quantification), genetic testing, and neuroimaging.
Lifelong copper management is the mainstay of treatment, with chelating agents (D-penicillamine, trientine) and zinc therapy used to control copper levels. Liver transplantation remains the only curative option for patients with severe liver failure. However, treatment adherence, side effects, and the lack of effective therapies for neurological symptoms remain challenges.
Recent research focuses on gene therapy to restore ATP7B function, improved copper chelators with fewer side effects, and microbiome-targeted therapies. Despite these advancements, early detection, personalized treatment approaches, and long-term disease monitoring remain critical to improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
CEO Hometown Preference in Corporate Environmental Policies
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Qiping , Zhu Qifei
Published: February 2025

We exploit within-firm variations in plant-level toxic releases to examine the effect of managerial hometown preference on corporate environmental policies. We find that pollution levels are about 30% lower for plants located near chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) hometowns. This reduction is achieved through resource-intensive pollution control efforts, including source reduction and waste management activities. Analyses using CEO turnover provide causal inferences. Local residents benefit from CEO hometown pollution reduction as localities hosting more hometown plants experience improved environmental conditions and better residential health outcomes. On the other hand, some evidence suggests that CEOs’ hometown preference is related to agency frictions. Overall, our findings reveal the impact of CEOs’ personal motivations on corporate pollution dynamics and their consequential effects on the well-being of local communities.

This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting.

Funding: Q. Xu gratefully acknowledges research support from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02560 .
Doação de leite humano na Atenção Primária à Saúde: principais desafios e motivações
Authors: Silva Vaz Suellen , Carmem Ferreira Brito Yane
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: Apontar os principais desafios e motivações da doação de leite humano na Atenção Primária à Saúde, identificando também aspectos sociodemográficos das doadoras e do funcionamento do Posto de Coleta de Leite Humano que podem influenciar no processo de doação. Método: Foi realizado estudo descritivo e analítico, com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde localizada na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, com 11 doadoras de leite humano vinculadas ao dispositivo da unidade. As doadoras foram convidadas a participar do estudo através de rede social, sendo resgatados os contatos mediante fichas de cadastro. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: As categorias elencadas como motivadoras foram o excesso de leite materno; a relação entre doação e empatia; o conhecimento acerca da doação de leite humano. Os fatores desfavoráveis foram o tempo como agente desafiador; a disponibilidade de recursos humanos e materiais para doação; a dificuldade no processo de amamentação. Ademais, foram destacadas a humanização e a promoção à amamentação. Conclusão: A doação é correlacionada com a empatia, além de ser despertada a partir das demandas de saúde das mulheres que, ao utilizar o serviço, tornam-se doadoras.
Projeto EDUCAVC: estratégias de fortalecimento do conhecimento sobre Acidente Vascular Cerebral
Authors: Capaverde Pedro Henrique , Santos Monteiro Waldelia Maria
Published: February 2025

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) foi a principal causa de morte e incapacidade no Brasil, em 2022. Suas sequelas trazem impactos funcionais, sociais e psicológicos para o doente e sua rede de apoio, além de custos para o Estado. Por ser uma doença diretamente relacionada a fatores de risco preveníveis, ações de saúde focadas em acesso à informação e prevenção têm se mostrado eficazes em diminuir o seu impacto mundialmente. Assim, a Residência Multiprofissional em Neurologia e Neurocirurgia da Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará/Hospital Geral de Fortaleza desenvolveu, no mês de outubro de 2023, o Projeto EducAVC, realizando ações estratégicas sobre AVC em três campos: 1) Prevenção Primária; 2) Educação Permanente; e 3) Matriciamento. Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar, descrever e discutir o planejamento e execução das estratégias do Projeto EducAVC. Justifica-se pela relevância da divulgação de experiências exitosas em prevenção e educação na linha de cuidado ao AVC. As ações foram realizadas com sucesso, participação da comunidade e avaliadas positivamente pelos organizadores e populações atingidas. Espera-se que a divulgação deste relato incentive mais profissionais e estudantes da saúde a desenvolverem ações de caráter preventivo e educativo para o AVC, assim como os gestores das políticas de saúde.
First aid training in Brazilian public and private high-schools: Outcomes and perspectives
Authors: Santos Evangelista Thiago , Palmito dos Santos Denize , Dos Santos Cristiane Maria , De Souza Teixeira Fernanda , Da Costa Albano Janderson , C. S. Vasconcelos Julio , Villegas Cristian , Botelho Santos Giancarla Aparecida
Published: February 2025

In 2019, external causes accounted for over ten percent of all reported incidents in Brazil, and 9% of global annual deaths are related to injuries, with 90% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. First aid training can significantly reduce hospitalizations and morbidity rates, making it an essential part of emergency response. This study aimed to implement a first responder program and evaluate its impact on high school students’ knowledge in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The course included five hours of theoretical and practical instruction and was conducted in five public and two private schools. A pre- and posttest examination was designed to measure learning outcomes. The data were analyzed using R software, version 3.6.0, with p-values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Graphical analyses were performed using ggplot2, and the multicomp package was used to compare schools. In total, 773 students completed the pretest, and 765 met the posttest inclusion criteria. Public schools showed improved results across all areas, except for a question about bleeding. Both private schools showed significant improvements. The increase in correct answers between phases suggests the course effectively improved knowledge, although further focus on bleeding topics and long-term retention may be necessary.
Revisão integrativa sobre a Atenção Básica à Saúde em áreas rurais: estratégias e desafios
Authors: Machado de Jesus Hernandes , De Oliveira Cordeiro Gleice , De Souza Pereira Midiã , Bahia Coelho Thereza Christina
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar, a partir da literatura nacional, as estratégias adotadas pelas equipes da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) para atender as demandas das populações rurais brasileiras. Método: Revisão Integrativa. Realizou-se uma busca nas bibliotecas BVS e Scielo a partir dos descritores: “Atenção primária à saúde”, “Atenção Básica à Saúde”, “Zona rural” e “Área rural”. De um universo de 6.570 trabalhos, foram selecionados 17 e acrescentados, posteriormente, 5 publicações, restando 22 estudos, focados na atuação multiprofissional da ABS em áreas rurais brasileiras, publicados entre 2012 e 2024. Resultados: Identificou-se que as demandas de saúde da população rural envolvem, em geral, adoecimentos associados ao trabalho no campo e a prevalência de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis. Sobre o acesso às Unidades de Saúde, foram relatados a existência de grandes distâncias entre as unidades e as residências, a incompatibilidade de horários e a falta de transporte. Quanto às equipes e práticas, destacam-se o médico, enfermeiro e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. As atividades mencionadas nos estudos envolveram oficinas, atividades grupais e visitas domiciliares ou atendimentos em pontos estratégicos e atividades relacionadas à prevenção ao câncer e ao consumo abusivo de álcool e cigarro. Contudo, notou-se poucas atividades direcionadas para as demandas específicas da população rural. Assim, conclui-se pela necessidade de repensar a organização e atuação da APS em contextos rurais.
Pensamento estratégico e lógica de programação na perspectiva de Mário Testa
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Jéssica , Borda Maria Gabriela
Published: February 2025

Esta resenha privilegia o primeiro capítulo do livro escrito por Mario Testa onde ele aborda  o pensamento estratégico que orienta comportamentos organizacionais destinados ao manejo de situações em que seja preciso superar obstáculos que se oponham à conquista de um objetivo. Essa forma de contornar a situação  para alcançar dada meta e estabelecer condições favoráveis ao próprio desempenho. Ou ainda como uma manobra para obter maior liberdade de ação. O pensamento estratégico deve guiar não apenas o planejamento das políticas em saúde mas o fazer organizacional do ator politicamente orientado para a transformação.
Conflicto y causa mapuche en 2022: Una narrativa desde la escucha social.
Authors: Lawrence Mujica Tomás , Rolle Catalina , Duran Patricio
Published: February 2025

El presente capítulo analiza hechos destacados desde el 1 de marzo de 2022 al 28 de febrero de 2023 desde una perspectiva de escucha social del pueblo mapuche. A partir de más de un millón de menciones extraídas desde X y sitios de prensa en internet, se construyó una narrativa distinta respecto a un año que estuvo marcado por tensiones entre diferentes actores políticos tanto del gobierno como de oposición.
Evolución del modelo de producción forestal de monocultivo en Arauco-Malleco para el periodo 2001-2021
Authors: Fuenzalida Manuel , Portales Felipe
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación analiza la evolución del modelo de producción forestal de monocultivo en Arauco-Malleco durante las últimas dos décadas, así como su impacto potencial en la superficie de bosque nativo y tierras de cultivo. Utilizando información oficial de la Corporación Nacional Forestal sobre el “Monitoreo de Cambios de Usos de la Tierra”, se cuantificaron y cartografiaron las variaciones en la cobertura del suelo en tres momentos distintos. Los resultados revelan diferentes patrones de cambio en las superficies analizadas, según el territorio y el porcentaje de población mapuche residente. En términos generales, se observa un aumento sostenido en las hectáreas dedicadas a plantaciones forestales en territorios con una mayor presencia de comunidades mapuche, lo que repercute negativamente en la superficie de bosque nativo.
La oralidad simulada en los diálogos de Baroja. Una comparativa entre Camino de perfección y El árbol de la ciencia
Authors: Villegas Portero Rosa
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo se inserta en un proyecto de investigación más amplio centrado en el estudio descriptivo del estilo sintáctico-discursivo de varias novelas representativas de la renovación formal de finales de siglo XIX. Al enmarcarse en el paradigma concepcional de oralidad- escrituralidad de Koch y Oesterreicher (2007 [1990]), la investigación incluye el análisis de las figuras de sintaxis, diseñadas inicialmente por Blanche-Benveniste (1985) y aplicadas a la descripción de muestras de mímesis de la oralidad por López Serena (2007, 2022), en los diálogos de dichas obras, con el fin de observar la simulación de la inmediatez comunicativa en un contexto novelístico en el que varios autores finiseculares mostraron de manera expresa la intencionalidad de reproducir la lengua hablada en su creación literaria. En concreto, este artículo detalla los primeros resultados del análisis de los diálogos de varios fragmentos de Camino de perfección y El árbol de la ciencia, obras de un autor especialmente criticado por sus coetáneos por su propensión a la naturalidad y cuyo examen permitirá comprobar si Baroja fue un precursor de la modernidad novelística en la simulación literaria de la oralidad, atribuida hasta ahora solo a escritores de posguerra.
A vueltas con el léxico andaluz en el ALEA y CORLEXIN
Authors: Junquera Martínez Alejandro
Published: February 2025

El presente estudio pretende ahondar en la caracterización desde el punto de vista lexicográfico, documental y ―especialmente― geográfico de un conjunto de voces atestiguadas en el siglo XVII y localizadas en el dominio lingüístico de las hablas andaluzas mediante la confrontación y análisis de los datos obtenidos a partir de dos fuentes de marcado carácter diatópico: el Corpus Léxico de Inventarios (CorLexIn) y el Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucía (ALEA), así como de otros repertorios lexicográficos y fuentes de carácter diferencial. De este modo, pretendemos mostrar ―y demostrar― cómo dos recursos aparentemente dispares tanto desde una perspectiva temporal como metodológica pueden convertirse en herramientas útiles y complementarias a la hora de abordar el estudio del léxico andaluz frente a las fuentes tradicionales de carácter general.
Effect of speckle rotation on the interference of optical vortices and waveguide modes of an optical fiber
Authors: Kiesewetter Dmitry V. , Ilyin Nikita V.
Published: February 2025

Subject of study. This study investigates the interference of waveguide modes and optical vortices in multimode optical fibers and free space, as well as the speckle structures resulting from such interference. Aim of study. The aim of the study was to develop the simplest physical model to explain the phenomenon of speckle rotation formed by the outgoing radiation of a multimode fiber when the observation plane is shifted. Additionally, the study aims to estimate the parameters of speckle rotation based on experimental observations. Method. The research employed numerical simulations to analyze the effect in the approximation of linearly polarized mode groups for waveguide modes and optical vortices in a multimode optical fiber with a step-index profile. In the experimental component, optical vortices and waveguide modes in the optical fiber were excited using an oblique, focused laser beam shifted relative to the fiber axis. The outgoing radiation was projected onto the photodetector matrix of a camera, and intensity distributions of the outgoing radiation were recorded at various distances between the camera and the focusing lens. Main results. The study demonstrated that the phenomenon of speckle rotation, caused by the interference of optical vortices and the fundamental waveguide mode during longitudinal movement along the fiber axis, can be explained using a simple physical model. Numerical simulations were generalized to include interference involving different waveguide modes and vortices. Experimental results validated the occurrence of speckle rotation in the outgoing radiation from the optical fiber as the observation plane was moved. The trajectories of speckle motion near the lens focus were visualized and determined, and the parameters of rotation were calculated. Practical significance. The findings of this study can be applied to the design of fiber-optic sensors, particularly speckle interferometers.
Denoising of Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Based on Parallel U-net of Denoising and Segmentation
Authors: Lian Xinwei , Zhang Xu , Sang Yuxuan , Zang Xianqing , Gao Chunqing
Published: February 2025

The suppression of noise enhances the detection range and accuracy in low signal-to-noise ratio regions for coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL). This paper presents a denoising method for CDWL using a Parallel U-net. Specifically, the model features two paths: one for direct denoising and the other for integral-segmentation-differentiation denoising. By integrating the results from both branches, the Parallel U-net combines the high accuracy of the direct denoising branch with the low error rate benefit of the segmentation branch. To further validate the network's correctness and effectiveness, a method capable of generating random continuous wind fields was proposed. Consequently, tests utilizing this method revealed that the detection range of the Parallel U-net, using RMS equal to 1 m/s as a standard, was approximately 22% higher compared to the centroid method. Moreover, as an evaluation of the network's performance in real-world conditions, experiments conducted on an all-fiber CDWL indicated that the Parallel U-net nearly doubles the wind speed detection distance compared to the centroid method and improves the range by approximately 20% over a single-path U-net.
Cost-sensitive multi-kernel ELM based on reduced expectation kernel auto-encoder
Authors: Yixuan Liang
Published: February 2025

ELM (Extreme learning machine) has drawn great attention due its high training speed and outstanding generalization performance. To solve the problem that the long training time of kernel ELM auto-encoder and the difficult setting of the weight of kernel function in the existing multi-kernel models, a multi-kernel cost-sensitive ELM method based on expectation kernel auto-encoder is proposed. Firstly, from the view of similarity, the reduced kernel auto-encoder is defined by randomly selecting the reference points from the input data; then, the reduced expectation kernel auto-encoder is designed according to the expectation kernel ELM, and the combination of random mapping and similarity mapping is realized. On this basis, two multi-kernel ELM models are designed, and the output of the classifier is converted into posterior probability. Finally, the cost-sensitive decision is realized based on the minimum risk criterion. The experimental results on the public and realistic datasets verify the effectiveness of the method.
Identification of Cocconeis neothumensis var. marina using a polyphasic approach including ultrastructure and gene annotation
Authors: Somma Emanuele , Costantini Maria , Pennesi Chiara , Ruocco Nadia , De Castro Olga , Terlizzi Antonio , Zupo Valerio
Published: February 2025

Several microalgae, including marine diatoms, significantly contribute to the global primary production and play a vital role in the food webs of benthic and planktonic ecosystems. Diatoms of the genus Cocconeis frequently inhabit benthic substrates, including the leaves of seagrasses. They are seasonally dominant in the leaf epiphytic layer of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica L. Delile, and have been proposed as model organisms for chemical ecology studies. However, the genome of Cocconeis spp. has not been sequenced. Consequently, their low-level molecular identification is currently impossible, besides a few examples. To address this gap, a polyphasic identification of C. neothumensis has been employed, combining ultra-morphological data with DNA barcoding markers. A strain of diatoms was isolated from P. oceanica leaves. It has been cultured in the laboratory and examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA, nrDNA) and the ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL, cpDNA) gene were analysed for DNA barcoding characterisation. Since ultra-morphology data unambiguously identified the isolated strain as C. neothumensis Krammer, 1991, the molecular sequences herein reported will facilitate its rapid and accurate identification. In addition, our comparative analyses will facilitate the evaluation of these molecular markers for identification of closely related benthic diatoms.
Investigating geohazard risk in mountainous areas for underground gas storage using InSAR and development of a protocol for hazard prevention
Authors: Lei Siluo , Chen Jiawen , Wen Tingjun , Chen Elton J. , Xu Jiangen , Gao Ji , Shen Luyi W.
Published: February 2025

XiangGuoSi reservoir is a depleted gas reservoir that has recently (in 2014) been converted to an underground gas storage facility. It stores gas in the reservoir during the summer season and produces gas in the winter season. In this work, we present a case report on using InSAR to monitor the mountainous area beneath where the XiangGuoSi gas reservoir is located, along with its supporting pipeline infrastructures. Data, containing 159 scenes, from C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aboard Sentinel-1 satellite is used here, the processing period covered a timespan of 5.6 years. Importantly, we find that the surface deformation is not correlated with the reservoir’s gas injection/extraction history. This indicates that the gas storage’s underground operation does not increase geohazard risk in the area. Further, this indicates the reservoir rock’s pore structure is rather stable even during the cycles of injection/extraction, suggesting a stable reservoir performance even into the far future. Nevertheless, the natural movement of the mountain still poses a landslide risk for the pipeline structure. Given our observed deformation is mostly monotonically downward (subsidence) and in many points, linear, we develop a protocol using 1. the local maximum deformation rate point’s proximity to the pipeline and 2. the rate and total deformation magnitude reported during the monitoring period. After all, this report shows the capability of InSAR as a tool for mapping geohazards for mountainous areas where critical infrastructures are in the vicinity.
A vállalkozói lehetőségek és a mesterséges intelligencia összefüggései szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés alapján
Authors: Kelemen-Erdős Anikó , Szórát Dávid Csaba
Published: February 2025

A vállalkozói lehetőség kialakulása, feltárása, megteremtése és kihasználása az innováció és a versenyképesség alapja, a gazdaság fenntartható fejlődésének egyik kulcstényezője. A mesterséges intelligencia hozzájárul a vállalkozói lehetőségek azonosításához, elemzéséhez, illetve akár azok megvalósításához is, mely további lehetőségeket nyújt a vállalkozások számára. A tanulmány célja interdiszciplináris megközelítésben a mesterséges intelligencia szerepének elemzése a vállalkozói lehetőségekkel összefüggésben. A kutatás szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés alapján vizsgálja a témakörben a Scopus adatbázisban megjelent publikációkat. A kutatás rámutat arra, hogy a mesterséges intelligencia komplex módon járul hozzá a vállalkozói lehetőségek gyorsabb és pontosabb feltárásához és kihasználásához akár bizonytalan piaci körülmények között is, mely elősegíti a vállalkozásfejlesztést. A mesterséges intelligencia fokozza a vállalkozások hatékonyságát támogatva a vállalati folyamatokat és a döntéshozatalt, elősegítve a vállalkozói lehetőségek azonosítását. Ugyanakkor a vállalkozási tevékenységbe integrált üzleti modellként hozzájárul a versenyképesség fokozásához, a termék- és szolgáltatásinnovációhoz.
A sportvezetők és edzők foglalkoztatáshoz kapcsolódó, a női kézilabda-játékosokra mint alkalmazottakra vonatkozó nézőpontjainak vizsgálata
Authors: Herr Orsolya , András Krisztina
Published: February 2025

A tanulmány fő célkitűzése, hogy feltárja a kézilabdasportágban a sportolók foglalkoztatása során megjelenő „kulcstémaköröket”. A kutatás módszertani keretét primer források elemzése és kvalitatív megközelítés, ezen belül a tematikus elemzés adja. Az öt szakértői interjúból nyert eredmények egyrészt átfogó, valósághű képet mutatnak a hivatásos női kézilabdában lezajlódó, sportolói karrierhez kapcsolódó folyamatokról (pl.: a kiválasztásról) mind a sportolói, mind a sportvállalati oldalról. Másrészt rávilágítanak arra, hogy miért tekinthetők a hivatásos női kézilabdázók speciális munkaerőnek. Az eredmények négy fő téma köré csoportosulnak: a kézilabdásokkal való gazdálkodás sajátosságai, a kézilabda-játékosok, a sportszakmai szempontok, valamint egyéb befolyásoló tényezők. Ezen túlmenően a kutatás meghatározza az egyes témákhoz kapcsolódó közeg és sportolói típus értéktipizálási modelljét, amelyet a viselkedési dimenziók mentén azonosítható szerepkörökkel vet össze.
Advancing Embedded Systems Education: A Pedagogical Programming Framework for Smart System and Control Applications
Authors: Benyeogor Mbadiwe S. , Andrew O. Benyeogor  , Kabiru A. Olaiya  , Prosper Agumey
Published: February 2025

This article introduces a pedagogical framework incorporating a curriculum and conceptual examples, specifically tailored to the need of embedded systems technology instructors The curriculum covers crucial subjects such as hardware and software fundamentals, programming languages, sensors integration, motion control, and their practical applications. It emphasizes hands-on training, project-based learning, and problem-solving to foster a holistic understanding of embedded systems. The curriculum is designed to cater to embedded systems training centers globally, addressing the growing demand for skilled professionals in areas such as robotics, telecommunications, automation, and microprocessor engineering. It aims to bridge the skills gap, empower trainers, and equip students with the necessary competencies to thrive in the evolving field of robotics and programming. Overall, this curriculum serves as a valuable resource for instructors, enabling them to enhance their teaching methods and contribute to the advancement of embedded systems and STEM education.
A study on the effects of inadequate sport equipment and facilities on sports development and academic performance in primary schools: a case study of Bwari area council of Abuja-Nigeria
Authors: M. Sanni Dahiru , Ede Caleb , A. Fashina Adebayo
Published: February 2025

Since physical education was designed to help students develop their physical, mental, and social abilities, there is a need to explore the development of sport in Nigerian schools, particularly, in the primary schools. This paper presents the results of a survey that provides insights on the effect of inadequate sporting facilities and equipment on the development of sports in primary schools in Bwari Area Coun-cil, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. The six month questionnaire study was carried out in fifteen selected primary schools from the four educational zones in the Area Council. The questionnaire was administered to 195 teachers from the selected schools before the data collected was analyzed using simple percentage approach. The study identifies the factors that influence non-participation of schools in this Area council in sport competitions. The academic and social impacts of providing adequate sporting activities, equipment and facilities are discussed before recommending the appropriate programs that can help enhance sport development at the primary school level in Bwari Area Coun-cil and Nigeria at large.Â
Implementing contemporary issues through curriculum development, teaching models and curriculum design for teaching institutes in Nigeria
Authors: S. Adiaha Monday , I. Anabe Momoh , A. Ndifon Mary , I. Udom Grace , U. Ocheje David
Published: February 2025

The paper investigated contemporary issues in Nigeria through curriculum development and teaching models at various levels of education. In this research the researchers found that curriculum designing is conducted stage by stage at all levels of education. It was found out that some of the model presented the process stage to be more important than the objectives. Other models puts objectives to be the most important feature of curriculum design. All models presented stress the importance of considering a variety of factors affecting the society in which the curriculum is to be implemented, as curriculum is meant to solve the problem of the society in which it is developed.Â Â Â
The theory of human capital as the basis of the economy of labor
Authors: Leputa Natalia
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to show how well-known and respected economists with different background have perceived capital and economy over the centuries. Particular attention has been paid to the history of economics and the importance of human capital, which should be con-tinuously expanded and deepened in order to develop new skills needed, for example in future work, but also the attention will focus on several formulas which are used to calculate capital.Â Â
Perception of head teachers of primary schools about quality primary science teaching- learning (TL) practice in Bangladesh
Authors: A K M Obaydullah Dr. , K.A. Khan Dr.
Published: February 2025

The quality teaching and learning play an important role in achieving overall quality education. According to the record most of the PEC examination, the quality of science was the below among other subjects. Even internal examination results also showed the same picture. The purpose of this study was that, to investigate and describe perception of Head teachers of Primary schools about Quality Primary Science Teaching Learning practice in government primary schools of Bangladesh. For this study, data collected from a sample of 40 Head teachers from 40 government primary schools of Dhaka and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and structured interview schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for analysis of data. The findings of the study revealed that student-teacher ratio was high and also there were lack of subject based teaching and effective use of teaching aids. Maximal school has multimedia but they do not use. Maximum school has not modern class room, library and science equipment. Utmost of the teachers never used teaching aids. Near about fifty five percent of head teachers did not have science subject training. The study recommended that student teacher ratio should be reduced, quality based supervision should be improved. Science subject training are much needed for all teacher. Science class time should be increase. Teacher should be taking class with the lesson plan and striking.Â Â Â
Estimation of minimum wage in the aspect of preservation human capital
Authors: Renkas Jurij
Published: February 2025

The article presents an overview of the basic models of measuring the value of human capital, which are based on the theory of labor economics. There is also a systematic study of economic constant, which is an integral part of the capital model. An empirical study was presented, which found that economic constant of potential growth was at the level of 0.08 [1/year]. The calculation of the minimum wage for the economy of Ukraine in the light of the theory of measuring the value of human capital is also presented. The percentage of compliance with the statutory and theoretically calculated wages has been calculated. The data obtained are compared with the results of calculations of this indicator for the economy of the USA and Poland. Comparable percentages of minimum wage compliance can be used to build appropriate country ratings.
Financing of small and medium-sized enterprises on the example of bank loans
Authors: SambÃ³r Gabriela
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of the article is to present the small and medium-sized enterprises sector, their size and the possibility of choosing individual sources of financing, and above all a brief presentation of bank loans. They constitute one of the largest and the most important sources of financing of external origin and are the main financing source of the majority of investments of an enterprise.Â
Nigeria -U.S cooperation on counterinsurgency: a critical examination of the structures and dimensions of U.S technical aid to Nigeria
Authors: D.C Ndidigwe
Published: February 2025

Terrorism and measures to countering it has been a major challenge to the country worst hit by the menace. The attention of the international community has focused on countering extremism in the North-East region of Nigeria ever since. This paper evaluates the Nigeria- US cooperation on counterinsurgency with emphasis on the structures and dimensions of the latterâ€™s technical aid to the former. The paper also highlights the importance of collaboration and cooperation with other countries to contain insurgency, albeit concerted efforts from both parties. However, the paper was apt to point that technical aid of whatever variant is insufficient and barely enough to decimate insurgency as such, more often than not progress in such cooperative relations is always at the whims and caprices of the donor or giver nation. It recommends that, a countryâ€™s pursuit of a robust counterterrorism strategy must have some local panache interlaced with external input.Â Â
Několik poznámek k rekodifikaci soukromého práva
Authors: Gerloch Aleš
Published: February 2025

The author deals with three levels of this issue. Initially, the author summarizes the significance of a statute and a code in the continental type of legal culture and in private law especially. The author refers to some new connexions like a growing role of international treaties in national laws, relation of national legal regulation to dynamic EC law and, as a result, growing confusion in law and its latent unsteadiness and inconsistency. The newly prepared codification will hardly change this tendency. Successively, the author brings his attention to the relationship between the Civil Code and The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Liberties and using examples the author demonstrates the synthesis of ius-naturalism and ius-positivism in recent law. Finally, the author attends to the consequences of codification in teaching of law at law faculties of universities in the Czech Republic.
Filozofia po góralsku wobec Aten Roztocza
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: February 2025

Józef Tischner (1931–2000) often wove expressions from the mountain dialect into his texts and lectures. He was convinced that the highland mentality concealed authentic philosophical thinking, and was especially fascinated by the highlanders attachment to freedom (śleboda). The culmination of these fascinations was a book written in highland dialect, Philosophy in Highlander (1997), which is regarded as Tischner’s most original achievement.
Less well known is the philosophical project, still in statu nascendi, of philosopher and theologian Tadeusz Guz (b. 1959) to establish a philosophical center in Roztocze, which he called the Athens of Roztocze. Although Guz’s project is in its beginning, one can see in it a certain idea of synthesizing many philosophical and theological traditions. The purpose of this article is to juxtapose these two ideas as attempts to incorporate philosophical thinking into a local context.
Identification of Critical Hotspots in Urban Drainage Networks using MIKE URBAN
Authors:   National Institute of Technology, Pandey Divyanshi , Singh K.K. ,   National Institute of Technology
Published: February 2025

In recent years, climate change and urbanization have become major concerns for developing countries, and this will continue to exacerbate in the future. It has triggered abundant challenges, among which urban flooding is becoming one of the most important. In this study, the impact of extreme rainfall on urban drainage systems is analyzed through a case study of Rohtak City in Haryana, India. For the study, a MIKE+ one-dimensional hydrodynamic and rainfall-runoff model was adopted. The monsoon rainfall data, from June to September 2022, was retrieved from India-WRIS and incorporated into MIKE+ as a time series for the simulation of rainfall-runoff. The main objectives of the study were to assess urban flood vulnerability zones and to identify individual hotspot nodes of existing drainage networks. Flooding from extreme rainfall and future rainfall increased due to climate change by 10% (Rainfall; R1), 20% (Rainfall; R2) and 50% (Rainfall; R3) because of the monsoon rainfall. Along with extreme event analysis, predictive analysis was also made. The hydraulic parameter for water level in nodes and pipes was used to determine the hydraulic capacity of the drainage system. The simulation results indicated that the city's drainage system became hydraulically inefficient in dealing with the extreme rainfall event in 2022 that caused urban flooding. For the studied drainage system, 52 overflooding nodes, 57 pressurized links, and 07 critical catchments were found to be vulnerable, which is 9.13% of the total catchment area. Validation of the extreme rainfall event simulated in MIKE+ was done by obtaining a flood extent map using Google Earth Engine with the help of SENTINEL-1 SAR imagery data. The accuracy of the MIKE+ model is analyzed using two parameters, i.e., percentage flooded areas and pixel percentage flooded. The MIKE+ model performed significantly well in determining percentage flooded areas with an accuracy of 79.66%. When using predictive analysis, the MIKE+ model provides a great insight into R3 time series rainfall showing 22.38% of the total sub-catchment area to be flooded when a rainfall intensity of R3 occurs. Remedies to this drainage failure could be either redesigning the drainage system or designing sustainable detention ponds.
Associations between body mass index and sleep duration in Brazilian children and adolescents: the moderating role of screen time
Authors: Borfe Leticia , Sehn Ana P. , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Mota Jorge , Burns Ryan Donald , Brand Caroline , Gaya Anelise R.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To verify the moderating role of screen time in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration in children and adolescents.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 1,338 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years old; 761 girls) recruited from a municipality in south Brazil. Body weight and height were assessed to calculate BMI. Information regarding screen time, sleep duration, age, sex, sexual maturation, housing area, and socioeconomic status was obtained through a self-reported questionnaire. Moderation was tested using multiple linear regression modelling through an SPSS program extension. All models were adjusted for sex, age, sexual maturation, housing area, and socioeconomic status.

Results

No association was found between BMI and sleep duration (β=0.830; 95 % CI=−0.943; 2.603). However, when the role of screen time was considered, it was observed that this variable significantly moderated the relationship between BMI and sleep duration (β=−0.006; 95 % CI=−0.011; −0.001). Specifically, children and adolescents who spent more than 360 min per day in front of the screens presented higher BMI and shorter sleep durations.

Conclusions

The more time children and adolescents spend in front of screens, the higher the likelihood it will negatively affect their BMI and sleep duration. These findings emphasize the need for interventions that promote healthy screen habits and encourage behaviors that support optimal sleep duration to mitigate the potential negative effects on body weight and overall health.
A programmable platform for photonic topological insulators
Authors: Love Stuart , Idjadi Mohamad Hossein , Ashtiani Farshid , Lee Howard (Ho-Wai) , Blanco-Redondo Andrea
Published: February 2025

In the past decade, the field of topological photonics has gained prominence exhibiting consequential effects in quantum information science, lasing, and large-scale integrated photonics. Many of these topological systems exhibit protected states, enabling robust travel along their edges without being affected by defects or disorder. Nonetheless, conventional topological structures often lack the flexibility for implementing different topological models and for tunability postfabrication. Here, we present a method to implement magnetic-like Hamiltonians supporting topologically protected edge modes on a general-purpose programmable silicon photonic mesh of interferometers. By reconfiguring the lattice onto a two-dimensional mesh of ring resonators with carefully tuned couplings, we show robust edge state transport even in the presence of manufacturing tolerance defects. We showcase the system’s reconfigurability by demonstrating topological insulator lattices of different sizes and shapes and introduce edge and bulk defects to underscore the robustness of the photonic edge states. Our study paves the way for the implementation of photonic topological insulators on general-purpose programmable photonics platforms.
1,550-nm photonic crystal surface-emitting laser diode fabricated by single deep air-hole etch
Authors: Kim Myeongeun , Song Ye-Seong , Jeong Lakjong , Lee Tae-Yun , Choi Hyo Seok , Kim In , Lee Myungjae , Jeon Heonsu
Published: February 2025

Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices requires advanced techniques, such as wafer bonding or epitaxial regrowth, to form a photonic crystal (PhC) structure close to the central waveguide layer. This process is not only complicated but also necessitates multiple semiconductor epitaxies, which reduces fabrication yield and increases manufacturing costs. In this study, we introduce a simpler method for fabricating PCSELs that requires only a single dry-etch run on any standard edge-emitting laser diode epistructure. The key challenge of creating an array of PhC air holes deep enough to reach the waveguide layer is addressed through high-temperature, high-plasma-density dry etching. PCSEL devices fabricated using this method lased in single mode at a threshold current density as low as ∼0.8 kA/cm2, which is comparable to or better than previously demonstrated devices. Our results offer a cost-effective, high-yield approach to PCSEL fabrication.
Investigating the effect of locally available volcanic ash on mechanical and microstructure properties of concrete
Authors: Al Asmari Abdullah F. , Bashir Muhammad Iqbal , Farooq Furqan , Asif Usama
Published: February 2025

Environmental degradation is developing due to rising pollution from the depletion of raw materials and the growing mandate for concrete goods. Investigators and experts have focused on creating sustainable concrete utilizing renewable elements. Volcanic ash (VA) is a promising supplementary cementitious material among these minerals. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the attributes of voids in aggregate and how they impact the performance of concrete. VA from the Gini Chilas (Gigilat Baltistan) was used to prepare specimens. Mixing regimes of VA concrete with altering concentrations ranging from 0 to 40% replacement was cast. Water-to-cement ratio was reserved persistent for all the mixes. Chemical compositions of VA and properties of concrete in relation to workability, density, and compressive strength were carried out. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis were also examined. The analysis of results reveals that VA with 10% replacement gives an adamant response. This is due to the natural pozzolanic effect that details the creation of additional dense gel (C–S–H), and deviation of cracks is observed from SEM. VA10 also exhibits thermally stable behavior at temperature with less percentage mass loss. However, VA up to 10% replacement in cementitious concrete can exhibit better properties than normal specimens.
SENTIMENT OF YOUTUBE SOCIAL MEDIA USERS TOWARDS THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES OF GANJAR PRANOWO AND PRABOWO SUBIANTO IN THE 2024 ELECTION
Authors: Pratama Faried Duta
Published: February 2025

YouTube is one of the most widely used social media sites in Indonesia, with 139 million users. YouTube provides users with the freedom to comment on existing videos with very diverse sentiments. This research aims to determine and describe the sentiments of YouTube social media users regarding the presidential candidacy of Ganjar Pranowo and Prabowo Subianto in the 2024 general election. This research uses mixed methods with Mozdeh application to collect data and analyze sentiment on YouTube social media. It shows that the sentiment of YouTube social media users towards Ganjar Pranowo tends to be positive with a score of 2 (weak) with a percentage value of 11.26% and negative sentiment with a score of 2 (weak) with a percentage value of 1.35%, and Prabowo Subianto tends to be positive with a score of 2 (weak) with a percentage value of 10.40% and negative sentiment with a score of 2 (weak) with a percentage value of 1.44%. Trends from Ganjar Pranowo and Prabowo Subianto on YouTube tend to fluctuate. Apart from that, the two supporters will continue to vote for the two presidential candidates even though there are issues affecting them.