bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of Oxidopyrylium Species in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Vishwakarma , Krishna Urlam Murali , Vikrant Vikrant , Trivedi Girish K.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multiple Bond Formation in Nitrogen‐Containing Polyheterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Mamane Victor
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dinitro‐1,3‐butadienes: Versatile Building Blocks from the Ring‐Opening of 3,4‐Dinitrothiophene
Authors: Bianchi Lara , Maccagno Massimo , Petrillo Giovanni , Sancassan Fernando , Spinelli Domenico , Tavani Cinzia
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sommelet Reaction
Authors: Li Jie Jack
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Shapiro Reaction
Authors: Wolfe John P.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Chemistry
Authors: Kappe C. O.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Reagents and Scavengers in Synthesis
Authors: Ley S. V. , Baxendale I. R. , Myers R. M.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Phase Parallel Chemistry
Authors: Ashton M. , Moloney B.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prins Reaction
Authors: Mergott Dustin J.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Integration or Segregation: How Do Molecules Behave at Oil/Water Interfaces?
Authors: Moore F. G. , Richmond G. L.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Diazirine‐Based Photoaffinity Labeling
Authors: Hashimoto Makoto , Hatanaka Yasumaru
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regulation of SNARE‐Mediated Membrane Fusion During Exocytosis
Authors: McNew James A.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Die Stöchiometrie der Olympischen Spiele: citius, altius, fortius – schneller, höher, stärker
Authors: Roth Klaus
Published: August 2008

Bei den Olympischen Spielen in Peking wird eine gewaltige Menge Chemie ablaufen. Es geht nicht etwa um Doping, zumindest hoffen wir dies, sondern um über 10.000 teilnehmende Sportlerinnen und Sportler, die weit über 400.000 kg Adenosintriphosphat in ihren Muskeln abbauen und wieder aufbauen werden. Wegen dieser imposanten Zahl sollten wir diesem kleinen Molekül deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenken, denn wir haben gelernt: Erst ATP macht die Olympischen Spiele überhaupt möglich.
Agonist ist nicht gleich Agonist
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette
Published: August 2008

Verschiedene Liganden ein‐ und desselben Rezeptors können unterschiedliche Wirkungen auslösen, sie zeigen funktionelle Selektivität. So wirken einige, aber nicht alle Agonisten des Typ2A‐Serotoninrezeptors halluzinogen. Das liegt offenbar an der Komplexität des vom Rezeptor gesteuerten Netzwerks der Signaltransduktion. Die von der Natur vorgegebene Vielfalt weckt Hoffnung auf maßgeschneiderte Medikamente.
Lichtgetriebener Molekülmotor
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: August 2008

Egal ob Erdöl, Wind oder Solarzellen – der größte Teil unserer Energie kommt von der Sonne, allerdings meist auf Umwegen. Kann man die Sonnenergie direkt in mechanische Bewegung umwandeln, ohne verlustreiche Umleitungen über Strom oder Pflanzen? Man kann, wenn man die richtigen Moleküle einsetzt.
Die Struktur der DNA – ein Modell‐Projekt
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J.
Published: August 2008

Die menschliche DNA besteht aus circa 3,2 Milliarden Basenpaaren und ist etwa 1,8 m lang. Vorstellen können wir uns den “Faden des Lebens” nicht wirklich. Abhilfe schafft der Nachbau eines einfachen Modells, das sowohl die Verdrillung als auch die Festigkeit der Doppelhelix wiedergibt. Vor allem zu Unterrichtszwecken ist dieses anschauliche Erbgut im Eigenbau bestens geeignet.
Recent Development of Biodegradable Network Polyesters Obtained from Renewable Natural Resources
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Kono Yoichiro , Oya Masaya , Sakai Wataru , Nagata Minoru
Published: August 2008

Current technological interests in chemistry have involved research into renewable carbon to help supply the world's chemical needs. Renewable and natural resources‐based biodegradable polymers are environmentally useful for the establishment of recycled systems. In the past decade, novel network polyester and films of glycerol with dicarboxylic acids with various lengths of methylene units have been developed and their favorable properties of enzymatic degradability and biodegradability have been reported. In the present paper, optically active network polyesters are prepared from malic acids and their biodegradability in enzymatic solution and in activated sludge is investigated. In addition, biodegradable polyesters of gluconolactone with citric acid are developed. The application and biodegradability of these network polyesters for future technological applications are also discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Branched‐Chain Derivatives of Methyl Oleate
Authors: Dailey Oliver D. , Prevost Nicolette T. , Strahan Gary D.
Published: August 2008

Oleic acid is one of the most abundant fatty acid components of the triglycerides in many vegetable oils, such as cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by‐products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic conversion of oleic acid (in ester form) to branched‐chain fatty acid esters. In these studies, methyl oleate was brominated in the allylic position and subsequently treated with organocuprate reagents to produce novel branched‐chain derivatives (ethyl, n‐butyl, n‐hexyl, phenyl). Details of the syntheses, characterization (GC/MS and NMR), and the properties of the products (with emphasis on low‐temperature properties) are discussed. Several of the synthesized products exhibited significantly lower re‐crystallization temperatures in comparison with methyl oleate and may prove useful as additives to biodiesel for use at low temperatures.
Friction Reducing Properties and Stability of Epoxidized Oleochemicals
Authors: Doll Kenneth M. , Sharma Brajendra K. , Erhan Sevim Z.
Published: August 2008

The properties of epoxidized oleochemical methyl esters were studied. Epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized methyl oleate, epoxidized methyl linoleate, and epoxidized methyl linolenate were compared with each other and with similar series of unmodified olefins. Several interesting trends were uncovered including: epoxidation of olefinic materials improves their oxidative stability, epoxidation of oleochemicals increases their adsorption to metal surfaces, and epoxidation has a deleterious effect on the pour point and viscosity index of the oleochemicals. In addition, a simple qualitative method where lubrication performance can be compared by examination of wear scars generated by ball‐on‐disk friction measurement under a simple optical microscope is reported.
Clean and Green Bioplastic Composites: Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Carbon Nanospheres in Polylactide Composites
Authors: Sobkowicz Margaret J. , Feaver Jonathan L. , Dorgan John R.
Published: August 2008

Two environmentally friendly fillers, carbon nanospheres (CNS) derived from cellulose and calcium sulfate anhydrite (CaSO4), a by‐product of the polylactide (PLA) production process, are compared as nucleating agents in commercial‐grade PLA. CNS and CaSO4are compounded with PLA using solution blending. Additionally, CaSO4is melt mixed with PLA. Crystallization kinetics are explored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. Mechanical properties are examined using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and morphology is determined using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). It is found that the filler does not increase the PLA crystallization rates significantly at loadings up to 15 wt% (CNS) or 20 wt% (CaSO4). The lack of effect on crystallization kinetics is attributed to the highD‐lactic acid content of commercial‐grade PLA, and also to poor dispersion of the fillers in the PLA matrix. The glassy shear storage modulus of the composites is found to increase by 50% in the highest weight loadings tested. These clean and green bioplastic composites may be able to offset the use of fossil resource‐based materials.
Improved Sugar Release from Lignocellulosic Material by Introducing a Tyrosine‐rich Cell Wall Peptide Gene in Poplar
Authors: Liang Haiying , Frost Christopher J. , Wei Xiaoping , Brown Nicole R. , Carlson John E. , Tien Ming
Published: August 2008

Lignin degradation is of critical importance in biomass utilization of woody plants, because the presence of lignin limits hydrolytic enzyme access to cellulose and hemicellulose. To date, strategies for lignin removal have ranged from treatment with lignin‐degrading fungi to genetic manipulations that reduce lignin content or modify monolignol composition. However, reducing lignin content without compromising tree fitness can be difficult. An alternate approach to modify lignin composition by introducing in situ peptide cross‐links is reported here. The hypothesis was that introducing in situ peptide cross‐links would not change overall lignin content or distribution in the cell wall, yet should render the lignin more susceptible to protease digestion. To test this, a transgene encoding a high tyrosine‐content peptide was designed to express in lignifying tissues of hybrid poplar. Relative to wildtypes, the transgenics had no change in total lignin content or overall plant morphology, although the wood in a number of lines had reduced storage modulus. As predicted, a number of transgenic lines were more susceptible to protease digestion than wildtypes, resulting in a higher polysaccharide release from the lignocellulose complexes. Although preliminary, these results suggest that this may be a viable means to facilitate lignin removal and potentially advance the utilization of woody biomass as a biofuel feedstock.
Chemotaxis‐mediated scission contributes to efficient cytokinesis in Dictyostelium
Authors: Nagasaki Akira , Uyeda Taro Q. P.
Published: August 2008

Interphase amoeba of Entamoeba invadens are attracted to the furrowing region of a neighboring dividing cell to assist with the division. A seemingly similar behavior has been observed in Dictyostelium discoideum, but in this case, it has not been shown whether the movements were truly directed toward the furrowing region or whether they have any relevance. We thus used myosin II‐null cells, which spend more time than wild type cells in cytokinesis, and successfully demonstrated that nearly half of the division events involve the attraction of a neighbor cell to the furrowing region. Cells lacking the β subunit of the trimeric G protein (Gβ), which are incapable of chemotaxis, did not show such midwifery. Culturing wild type cells flattened under agarose sheets also slowed the cytokinesis process, and this allowed us to demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate was enriched in the anterior region of midwifing cells, consistent with the view that midwifery in D. discoideum is also chemotaxis. On substrates, while only 3.6% of wild type cells were multinucleate, 8.1% of Gβ‐null cells were multinucleate, and this was reduced to 3.4% when they were surrounded by wild type cells. Conversely, multinucleated wild type cells increased to 6.8% when they were surrounded by Gβ‐null cells. Thus, Gβ‐null cells frequently fail to divide because they cannot assist each other's division and midwifery ensures successful cytokinesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trading off logging overhead and coordinating overhead to achieve efficient rollback recovery
Authors: Yang Jin‐Min , Li Kin Fun , Li Wen‐Wei , Zhang Da‐Fang
Published: August 2008

In the rollback recovery of large‐scale long‐running applications in a distributed environment, pessimistic message logging protocols enable failed processes to recover independently, though at the expense of logging every message synchronously during fault‐free execution. In contrast, coordinated checkpointing protocols avoid message logging, but they are poor in scalability with a sharply increased coordinating overhead as the system grows. With the aim of achieving efficient rollback recovery by trading off logging overhead and coordinating overhead, this paper suggests a partitioning of the system into clusters, and then presents a scheme to implement the conversion between these overheads. Using the proposed conversion, coordination can be introduced to reduce the unbearable logging overhead found in some systems, whereas proper logging can be employed to alleviate the unacceptable coordinating overhead in others. Furthermore, heuristics are introduced to address the issue of how to partition the system into clusters in order to speed up the recovery process and to improve recovery efficiency. Performance evaluation results indicate that our scheme can lower the overall system overhead effectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of Lignin Using Aqueous Polyoxometalates in the Presence of Alcohols
Authors: Voitl Tobias , Rudolf von Rohr Philipp
Published: August 2008

A novel approach has been developed in order to use Kraft lignin as a renewable resource for the production of chemicals. The concept is based on the use of polyoxometalates as reversible oxidants and on the use of radical scavengers, which prevent lignin fragments from repolymerizing. The oxidation of Kraft lignin, which is a potential source of functionalized phenols, by H3PMo12O40 in water yields a relatively small amount of monomeric species detected by GC‐MS. The addition of methanol to the reaction resulted in an increase in the yield of monomeric products by a factor of up to 15. Vanillin and methyl vanillate are the main products obtained, in a maximum yield of 5 wt % based on dry Kraft lignin. Methanol plays a decisive role in the prevention of repolymerization by reducing lignin–lignin condensation reactions. Furthermore, it is proposed that methanol generates small amounts of .CH3 and CH3O. radicals through the acid‐catalyzed formation of dimethyl ether which couple with lignin fragments.
A method for acceptability region representation in analogue linear networks
Authors: Grasso Francesco , Manetti Stefano , Piccirilli Maria Cristina
Published: August 2008

A new simple approach to acceptability region representation in analogue linear circuit design is presented. The proposed method is also able to characterize non‐convex and disjoint acceptability regions with low computational effort. In fact, the developed procedure is based on the use of symbolic analysis techniques, which permit one to perform only one simulation of the circuit under consideration, thus reducing the computational efforts. The theoretical basis and the algorithm implementing the technique are presented. A circuital example is also included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sinusoidal oscillators with explicit current output employing current‐feedback op‐amps
Authors: Gupta S. S. , Sharma R. K. , Bhaskar D. R. , Senani R.
Published: August 2008

Employing a state‐variable synthesis, a number of new current‐mode oscillators with explicit current output have been derived, which can be practically implemented from commercially available current‐feedback op‐amps (CFOA). The workability of the proposed structures has been confirmed by experimental results using AD844‐type CFOAs and some sample results have been presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach for using the pathological mirror elements in the ideal representation of active devices
Authors: Saad Ramy A. , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: August 2008

This paper is adopting a new approach to investigate the capabilities of pathological mirror elements in the ideal representation of active building‐blocks and shows that the voltage mirror (VM) and current mirror (CM) are the basic pathological elements. The descriptions for the floating mirror elements in the nodal admittance matrix (NAM), using infinity‐variables, are derived. The descriptions for nullator and norator using infinity‐variables in the NAM are shown to represent special cases from the derived descriptions of the floating VM and the CM, respectively. Hence, new representations for the nullator and norator in terms of the floating VM and CM, respectively, are obtained. A systematic procedure for the derivation of pathological configurations to ideally represent various analog signal‐processing properties featured by active building‐blocks is presented. This systematic approach became plausible by virtue of the versatility offered by the NAM descriptions of floating mirror elements. Novel pathological configurations ideally describing most popular signal‐processing properties that involve differential or multiple single‐ended signals; like conversion between differential and single‐ended voltages, differential voltage conveying, current differencing, differential current conveying, and inverting current replication; are derived systematically using this procedure. The resulting pathological configurations are shown to be constructed mainly using mirror elements and hence the capabilities of the mirrors as basic pathological elements are further demonstrated. Pathological representations for some active building‐blocks, using the derived pathological sections, are presented as application examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The curation guidelines of the immune epitope database and analysis resource
Authors: Vita R. , Peters B. , Sette A.
Published: August 2008

The IEDB houses antibody and T cell epitope data and makes them accessible and searchable. The curation of literature references requires explicit guidelines in order to capture the data in an objective and consistent manner. Description of these guidelines ensures transparency of the database and facilitates direct submissions to the database. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Leg preference and interlateral performance asymmetry in soccer player children
Authors: Teixeira Maria Cândida Tocci , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: August 2008

Strength of leg preference and interlateral asymmetry in kinematics of kicking a ball for power were assessed in 6‐ to 10‐year‐old right‐footed soccer player children. Leg preference was evaluated separately for three task categories: balance stabilization, soccer related mobilization, and general mobilization. The results showed that while both categories of mobilization tasks were featured by a consistent preference for the right leg, in stabilization tasks we observed lower scores and greater interindividual variability of leg preference. No effect of age was detected on leg preference. Analysis of peak foot velocity revealed similar increment of performance of the right and left legs from the ages 6–8 to 10 years. This finding supports the notion of stable magnitude of interlateral asymmetries of performance during motor development. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 799–806, 2008
Decline in age‐dependent, MK801‐induced injury coincides with developmental switch in parvalbumin expression: Somatosensory and motor cortex
Authors: Lema Tomé Carla M. , Miller Ryan , Bauer Clayton , Smith Chelsey , Blackstone Kaitlin , Leigh Adam , Busch Jamie , Turner Christopher P.
Published: August 2008

MK801‐induced activation of caspase‐3 is developmentally regulated, peaking at postnatal day (P) 7 and decreasing with increasing postnatal age thereafter. Further, at P7, cells displaying activation of caspase‐3 lack expression of calcium binding proteins (CaBPs). To further explore this relationship, we investigated postnatal expression of calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in two brain regions susceptible to MK801‐induced injury, the somatosensory cortex (S1) and layer II/III of motor cortex (M1/M2). Expression of CB and especially PV was low to absent prior to P7 but substantially increased from P7 through to P21 and adulthood. In contrast, CR expression was more variable at early developmental ages, stabilized to lower levels after P7 and showed a marked decline by P21. The results suggest that not only does calcium buffering capacity increase developmentally but also acquisition of enhanced buffering may be one mechanism by which neurons survive agent‐induced alterations in calcium homeostasis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 665‐679, 2008.
Differential onset of infantile deprivation produces distinctive long‐term effects in adult ex‐laboratory chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Kalcher Elfriede , Franz Cornelia , Crailsheim Karl , Preuschoft Signe
Published: August 2008

Maternal or social deprivation during early infancy inevitably produces social deficiencies in juvenile chimpanzees. Hypothesizing such deficiencies to persist into adulthood (a), and, as in humans, a sensitive period in early infancy for attachment formation (b), we predicted and found behavioral differences in resocialized adult ex‐laboratory chimpanzees after about 20 years of solitary confinement depending on their age at onset of deprivation: early deprived (ED; mean: 1.2 years) chimpanzees engaged significantly less in social interactions, spent less time associated, and showed more nonsocial idiosyncrasies than did late deprived (LD; mean: 3.6 years) chimpanzees. In addition to these individual attributes relational qualities, specifically the combination of ED and LD chimpanzees within social groups, have an impact on social recovery. LDs can best exploit their social potential in the company of other LDs and EDs tend to stagnate in their recovery when socialized with other EDs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 777–788, 2008
Eyeblink conditioning using cochlear nucleus stimulation as a conditioned stimulus in developing rats
Authors: Freeman John H. , Duffel Jessica W.
Published: August 2008

Previous studies demonstrated that the development of auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) input to the cerebellum may be a neural mechanism underlying the ontogenetic emergence of eyeblink conditioning in rats. The current study investigated the role of developmental changes in the projections of the cochlear nucleus (CN) in the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of the CN as a CS. Rat pups were implanted with a bipolar stimulating electrode in the CN and given six 100‐trial training sessions with a 300 ms stimulation train in the CN paired with a 10 ms periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US) on postnatal days (P) 17–18 or 24–25. Control groups were given unpaired presentations of the CS and US. Rats in both age groups that received paired training showed significant increases in eyeblink conditioned responses across training relative to the unpaired groups. The rats trained on P24–25, however, showed stronger conditioning relative to the group trained on P17–18. Rats with missed electrodes in the inferior cerebellar peduncle or in the cerebellar cortex did not show conditioning. The findings suggest that developmental changes in the CN projections to the pons, inferior colliculus, or medial auditory thalamus may be a neural mechanism underlying the ontogeny of auditory eyeblink conditioning. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 640‐646, 2008.
A pilot intervention to reduce eating disorder risk in Latina women
Authors: Franko Debra L. , George Jessica B. Edwards
Published: August 2008

Objective

The current study tested the effects of an eating disorder risk reduction programme (Food, Mood and Attitude (FMA)) with Latina women.

Method

Fifty‐two female Latina college students were screened. Of these, 28 eligible women were administered a questionnaire packet prior to and approximately 2 months and again 1 year after completing a 2‐hour computer‐based risk reduction programme called FMA and participating in two 2‐hour discussion groups about risk factors for eating disorders.

Results

Paired sample t‐tests indicated significant changes from pre‐ to post‐assessment on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ)‐shape concerns subscale (p = .002), Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2)‐body dissatisfaction (BD) subscale (p < .001) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; p = .006). Significant changes in binge frequency also occurred (p = .006). Changes on three of these measures were maintained at the 1‐year follow‐up assessment.

Conclusions

This small‐scale study suggests that FMA may reduce some risk factors for eating disorders in Latina college women. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Bankruptcy prediction using a discrete‐time duration model incorporating temporal and macroeconomic dependencies
Authors: Nam Chae Woo , Kim Tong Suk , Park Nam Jung , Lee Hoe Kyung
Published: August 2008

The purpose of this paper is to build an alternative method of bankruptcy prediction that accounts for some deficiencies in previous approaches that resulted in poor out‐of‐sample performances. Most of the traditional approaches suffer from restrictive presumptions and structural limitations and fail to reflect the panel properties of financial statements and/or the common macroeconomic influence. Extending the work of Shumway (2001), we present a duration model with time‐varying covariates and a baseline hazard function incorporating macroeconomic dependencies. Using the proposed model, we investigate how the hazard rates of listed companies in the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) are affected by changes in the macroeconomic environment and by time‐varying covariate vectors that show unique financial characteristics of each company. We also investigate out‐of‐sample forecasting performances of the suggested model and demonstrate improvements produced by allowing temporal and macroeconomic dependencies.  Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of hepatic steatosis in rats and mice after treatment with a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor agonist #
Authors: Cable Edward E. , Finn Patricia D. , Stebbins Jeffrey W. , Hou Jinzhao , Ito Bruce R. , van Poelje Paul D. , Linemeyer David L. , Erion Mark D.
Published: August 2008

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease, with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 30%. The use of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists for the treatment of NAFLD has not been considered viable because thyroid hormones increase free fatty acid (FFA) flux from the periphery to the liver, induce hepatic lipogenesis, and therefore could potentially cause steatosis. MB07811 is an orally active HepDirect prodrug of MB07344, a liver-targeted TR-β agonist. The purpose of these studies was to assess the effects of MB07811 on whole body and liver lipid metabolism of normal rodents and rodent models of hepatic steatosis. In the current studies, MB07811 markedly reduced hepatic steatosis as well as reduced plasma FFA and triglycerides. In contrast to MB07811, T3induced adipocyte lipolysisin vitroandin vivoand had a diminished ability to decrease hepatic steatosis. This suggests the influx of FFA from the periphery to the liver may partially counteract the antisteatotic activity of T3. Clearance of liver lipids by MB07811 results from accelerated hepatic fatty acid oxidation, a known consequence of hepatic TR activation, as reflected by increased hepatic mitochondrial respiration rates, changes in hepatic gene expression, and increased plasma acyl-carnitine levels. Transaminase levels remained unchanged, or were reduced, and no evidence for liver fibrosis or other histological liver damage was observed after treatment with MB07811 for up to 10 weeks. Additionally, MB07811, unlike T3, did not increase heart weight or decrease pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone beta (TSHβ) expression.Conclusion:MB07811 represents a novel class of liver-targeted TR agonists with beneficial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering properties that may provide additional therapeutic benefit to hyperlipidemic patients with concomitant NAFLD. (Hepatology 2009.)
Incidence and mortality from non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Europe: The end of an epidemic?
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Levi Fabio , Ferlay Jacques , Lucchini Franca , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: August 2008

Non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are among the few neoplasms whose incidence and mortality have been rising in Europe and North America over the last few decades. To update trends from NHL, we considered mortality data up to 2004 in several European countries, and for comparative purpose in the USA and Japan. We also analyzed patterns in incidence for selected European countries providing national data. In most European countries, NHL mortality rose up to the mid 1990s, and started to level off or decline in the following decade. The rates were, however, still increasing in eastern Europe. Overall, in the European Union, mortality from NHL declined from 4.3/100,000 to 4.1 in men and from 2.7 to 2.5 in women between the late 1990s and the early 2000s. Similarly, NHL mortality rates declined from 6.5/100,000 to 5.5 in US men and from 4.2 to 3.5 in US women. In most countries considered, NHL incidence rates rose up to 1995–99, while they tended to level off or decline thereafter, with particular favorable patterns in countries from northern Europe. Thus, the epidemic of NHL observed during the second half of the 20th century has now started to level off in Europe as in other developed areas of the world. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble Fas level and cancer mortality: Findings from a nested case–control study within a large‐scale prospective study
Authors: Tamakoshi Akiko , Nakachi Kei , Ito Yoshinori , Lin Yingsong , Yagyu Kiyoko , Kikuchi Shogo , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Inaba Yutaka , Tajima Kazuo ,   for the JACC Study Group
Published: August 2008

Soluble Fas (sFas) is known to play an important role in the development of cancers of various sites. To confirm whether or not the serum sFas level can be a predictor of cancer, we conducted a nested case–control study within a large‐scale population‐based cohort study in Japan. Serum samples were collected from 39,242 participants (13,839 men and 25,403 women) at baseline, all of whom were followed until 1997 for mortality and until 1994 for cancer incidence. Three controls were randomly selected and matched to each cancer case for gender, age and residential area. Serum values of sFas were measured by enzyme‐linked immuno‐adsorbent assay, using commercially available kits. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic models, based on 798 total cancer mortality cases and their 2,353 matched controls. The risk of total cancer mortality was increased according to sFas levels, and the OR of the highest quartile compared with that of the lowest was 1.81 (95% CI; 1.40–2.34) after adjusting for smoking and drinking status, and body mass index. This positive association remained unaltered when cases were divided into 2 groups according to the observation period. Our results suggest that serum sFas has a possibility to detect people at high risk for cancer prior to diagnosis, since it increased before cancer diagnosis in those apparently healthy people. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1): A regulator for the cell growth and tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Lu , Zeng Xin , Yang Hanshuo , Wang Zhi , Shen Jun , Bai Jingping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gao Feng , Zhou Min , Chen Qianming
Published: August 2008

Oral Cancer Overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) is a novel gene locating at chromosome band 11q13. Recent studies have suggested its role as a candidate oncogene in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its prognostic value for patients with OSCC. Till now, the detailed function of ORAOV1 in OSCC has remained undefined. In this study, we have investigated the role of ORAOV1 in OSCC tumorigenesis by down‐regulating its expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been applied to inhibit the expression of ORAOV1 in OSCC cells. We found that the OSCC cells with reduced ORAOV1 showed retarded cell growth in vitro and displayed inhibition in both tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Further analyses reveal that the retarded cell growth is associated with an increase in apoptosis involving the activation of caspase 3‐dependent pathway and a cell cycle arrest at the S‐phase with a downregulation of cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cdc2. The suppressed tumor growth in vivo may be attributed to synergistic effect between inhibition in cell growth and suppression of tumor angiogenesis. The latter is most likely because of a suppression of VEGF. Taken together, we demonstrate that ORAOV1 plays pivotal roles in the growth and angiogenesis of OSCC. Thus, ORAOV1 may be a novel target that could be explored to develop therapeutic strategy in OSCC management. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impressive time‐related influence of the Dutch screening programme on breast cancer incidence and mortality, 1975‐2006
Authors: Otten Johannes D.M. , Broeders Mireille J.M. , Fracheboud Jacques , Otto Suzie J. , de Koning Harry J. , Verbeek André L.M.
Published: August 2008

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the trends in breast cancer mortality and incidence from 1975 to 2006 among Dutch women, in relation to the implementation of the national breast cancer screening programme. Screening started in 1989 for women aged 50–69 and was extended to women aged 70–75 years in 1998 (attendance rate approximately >80%). A joinpoint Poisson regression analysis was used to identify significant changes in rates over time. Breast cancer mortality rates increased until 1994 (age group 35–84), but thereafter showed a marked decline of 2.3–2.8% per annum for the age groups 55–64 and 65–74 years, respectively. For the age group of 75–84 years, a decrease started in the year 2001. In women aged 45–54, an early decline in breast cancer mortality rates was noted (1971–1980), which is ongoing from 1992. For all ages, breast cancer incidence rates showed an increase between 1989 and 1993, mainly caused by the age group 50–69, and thereafter, a moderate increase caused by age group 70–74 years. This increase can partly be explained by the introduction of screening. The results indicate an impressive decrease in breast cancer mortality in the age group invited for breast cancer screening, starting to show quite soon after implementation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toll‐like receptor‐4 is expressed in meningiomas and mediates the antiproliferative action of paclitaxel
Authors: Tichomirowa Maria A. , Theodoropoulou Marily , Daly Adrian F. , Yassouridis Alexander , Hansen Sabine , Lu Jie , Lange Manfred , Goldbrunner Roland H. , Stalla Günter K. , Renner Ulrich
Published: August 2008

Meningiomas are the second most common type of brain and CNS tumors by histology. Surgery and radiotherapy are main treatment options, but meningiomas may be impossible to adequately resect or may regrow after surgery. In spite of many experimental attempts, there is no generally accepted chemotherapeutic approach. We have studied in a series of meningiomas the expression of the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), which apart from its major role as a key factor of the innate immune system, is believed to play a role in tumorigenesis. All meningiomas studied expressed TLR4 mRNA and protein at variable degree. Paclitaxel, a ligand of TLR4, exhibited a dose‐ and time‐dependent growth suppression in both monolayer and spheroid meningioma cell cultures. The knockdown of TLR4 with siRNA in meningioma cell cultures abrogated the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel. The suppressive action of paclitaxel on meningioma cell growth was enhanced in the presence of fluvastatin or the mitogen‐actvated protein kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059. At least part of the growth suppressive effect was mediated by the induction of apoptosis in meningioma cells by paclitaxel alone or in combination with fluvastatin. In conclusion, our in vitro results suggest that paclitaxel alone or in combination with other inhibitors of cell growth (statins, MAPK inhibitors) could provide a potential tool for the treatment of TLR4 expressing meningiomas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Socioeconomic status and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Karina Braga , Buffler Patricia A. , Metayer Catherine
Published: August 2008

To investigate the association of childhood ALL and SES, we collected data on 507 children aged 0–14 years diagnosed with ALL between 1997 and 2002 from the population‐based Cancer Registry of São Paulo, Brazil, covering 96 districts. Each child was assigned to an SES category based on the district of residence at diagnosis. Four SES categories were created from high to low, based on the Social Exclusion Index (SEI) that includes the following indicators: poverty, employment, inequality, education and violence. Using Census data, cases were also classified into quintiles according to the percentage of households with more than 7 persons. Age‐specific and age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated using the 1960 world standard population. Age‐adjusted incidence rate was 3.68/100,000 for males and 2.87/100,000 for females. Children living in areas with lowest SES presented a significant lower risk of ALL compared with those living in the wealthiest districts (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.34; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.28–0.44). Lower incidence rates of childhood ALL were also found in areas with high percentages of households with more than 7 persons (≥5.7%) compared with areas where there were ≤2.2% (RR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.25–0.43). There was a strong correlation between SEI and crowding (rho = −0.95, p < 0.001). Population‐based attributes for SES and household size may be useful surrogate markers of early exposure to childhood infections, which has been found to decrease the risk of ALL. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel carbon fiber composite for hip replacement with improved in vitro and in vivo osseointegration
Authors: Dimitrievska S. , Whitfield J. , Hacking S. A. , Bureau M. N.
Published: August 2008

A novel composite femoral stem has been developed to match cortical stiffness and achieve fixation by osseointegration with the primary goal to reduce cortical bone loss associated with stress shielding. The femoral stem consists of three distinct material layers: the first is a long carbon fiber (CF) in a polyamide 12 (PA12) polymer matrix (PA12/CF); the second is a PA12/HA (hydroxyapatite) interface; and the third is a plasma‐sprayed coating of HA. In vitro studies with MG63 cells indicated that the HA surface supported improved proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells as determined by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production when compared with Ti‐6Al‐4V (Ti64). In vivo studies comparing the composite and Ti64 rods in the rabbit femur demonstrated significantly higher bone apposition to the composite than Ti64 rods. The results of this study indicate that the invasion of surrounding bone cells and thus osteointegration together with its bone‐matching mechanical properties make the PA12/CF/HA stem a promising hip replacement candidate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Attachment, proliferation and osteogenic response of osteoblast‐like cells cultured on titanium treated by a novel multiphase anodic spark deposition process
Authors: De Angelis Elena , Ravanetti Francesca , Cacchioli Antonio , Corradi Attilio , Giordano Carmen , Candiani Gabriele , Chiesa Roberto , Gabbi Carlo , Borghetti Paolo
Published: August 2008

A new bioactive titanium surface treatment, labeled Ti‐ASD, was developed using the electrochemical anodic spark deposition (ASD) technique and results in a thickened titanium oxide layer with higher levels of calcium and phosphorus typical of newly deposited mineral phase. This study was aimed at extending the knowledge on Ti‐ASD treatment, by means of evaluation of the attachment, morphology, proliferation, metabolic activity, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblast‐like cells (SaOS‐2) after growth on Ti‐ASD treated titanium compared with nontreated titanium (Ti) and with chemically etched titanium (Ti‐ETC). This novel type of titanium coating supported cell attachment, cell proliferation, and mineralization, revealing no cytotoxicity effects. The expression of differentiation markers on Ti‐ASD treated titanium shows that genes related to the proliferation phase (Collagen type I, Coll I; Cbfa‐1) were early expressed, whereas genes related to the mineralization phase (alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, bone sialo protein) increased in a time‐related way. Mineralization occurred on all analyzed surfaces, but on Ti‐ASD the number of bone‐like nodules and the amount of mineralized area was higher. In conclusion, Ti‐ASD resulted to be a good surface for osteoblast attachment and proliferation, also promoting the maintenance of cell differentiation and matrix mineralization, a fundamental requirement for sustain the osseointegration and the clinical success of dental implants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Simulation of phosphorus losses from lysimeters
Authors: Godlinski Frauke , Reiche Ernst‐Walter , Lennartz Bernd , Meissner Ralph
Published: August 2008

Because of water resources eutrophication and the need for water protection strategies, the estimation of diffuse phosphorus (P) leaching losses from agricultural soils has become an important issue. The objective of this study was to numerically depict P leaching and transformation processes to clarify the dominant factors controlling the P dynamics in soils and to investigate interactions between P and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. We expanded the existing WASMOD modeling package with a P subroutine and tested model performance on an experimental data set from a 12 y lysimeter study.
Subsoil properties and cereal growth as affected by a single pass of heavy machinery and two tillage systems on a Luvisol
Authors: Heuer Henning , Tomanová Olga , Koch Heinz‐Josef , Märländer Bernward
Published: August 2008

Compared to moldboard plowing, conservation tillage is frequently discussed to alleviate soil stresses caused by high wheel loads and, thus, decrease the risk of subsoil compaction. On a Luvisol derived from loess (Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany), a wheeling experiment was conducted in two contrasting tillage systems (continuous moldboard plowing [MP] 30 cm deep and shallow mixing [SM] 10 cm deep). A six‐row self‐propelled sugar beet tanker harvester (SBH 6: 34–36 Mg total vehicle weight, 8–11 Mg wheel load, 92–143 kPa calculated ground‐contact pressure) was used for a single pass. Each crop of the sugar beet–cereal–cereal rotation was cultivated with light experimental machinery on one of three adjacent fields each year. In October 2001 (Field 2), 2002 (Field 1), and 2003 (Field 3) wheeling with the SBH 6 was carried out on half of every tillage plot (soil moisture 70%–100% field capacity) after the harvest of previous sugar beet. Subsequently, the soil was tilled according to the respective treatment, and winter wheat, spring wheat, and spring barley were grown on Field 2, 1, and 3, respectively. During the following spring and summer, soil and plant measurements were conducted. Soil penetration resistance (10–25 cm) increased, and root length density of spring wheat decreased in SM tillage compared to MP tillage. At 40–45 cm depth, air‐filled pore volume at 6.2 kPa water tension (two fields), air permeability, and total pore volume (one field) were higher in SM than in MP treatments, respectively. Wheeling slightly increased penetration resistance in 15–25 cm depth but had no effect on any parameter measured at 40–45 cm soil depth. Generally, treatment effects on cereal‐grain yield were small and insignificant. Our results suggest that a single pass with a SBH 6 is unlikely to cause pronounced subsoil‐structure degradation on a loessial soil under moderate climatic conditions.