bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of Energy Demand in Turkey: Estimating Price and Income Elasticities of Crude Oil With Different Data Frequencies
Authors: ŞİŞMAN Muhammet Yunus , ÖZTÜRK Özcan
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to examine crude oil import demand in Turkey. The country has quite limited oil production and is dependent on foreign supply to power its growing economy. We estimate the price and income elasticities of imported crude oil for Turkey exploiting three different data sets (i.e., monthly, quarterly, and annual) to test whether data frequency matters in estimation. We employ an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model which shows both short-run and long-run effects of price and income changes on crude oil import demand. Results show that i) data frequency plays an important role in the estimation process as the findings of monthly and quarterly model show a long-run equilibrium while annual models do not and that ii) the estimated elasticities of monthly and quarterly data are in line with microeconomic theory and literature in that price elasticities are inelastic suggesting that consumers are less responsive to the price changes due to high dependency and lack of substitute for crude oil and that income elasticities are elastic suggesting the demand for crude oil increases as income level increases.
Cahiliye Arap Dönemi Hitabelerinde Göze Çarpan Belirgin Özellikler
Authors: BAŞCI Abdurrahman
Published: July 2021

Bir edebi tür (sanat dalı) olan hitabetin, edebî türler içinde büyük bir önem taşıdığı, bilhassa eski Yunan, Roma ve Arapların bu alanda (hitabette) ileri seviyede bulundukları görülmektedir. Cahiliye asrı, Arap toplumunun İslam öncesi tarihlerini, sosyal ve kültürel yapılarını yansıtan döneme ad olarak verilmiştir. Cahiliye dönemi edebiyatının önemli bir türünü teşkil eden hitabetin seçkin örnekleri günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Cahiliye devri hitabetinin konuları, İslami dönem hitabetinin şekillenmesini sağlayan en önemli unsurlardandır. Eski Arap hitabeti; sosyal, siyasi, dinî, kültürel vb. özellikler olmak üzere, içinde bulunduğu asrın şartları çerçevesinde sözlü edebiyatı yansıtan çok yönlü sağlam tarihî vesikalardır. Genellikle İslam’dan önceki Arap edebiyatını konu edinen kaynaklar taranarak hazırlanılan bu makalede Cahiliye dönemindeki hitabetin önemi ile o dönemdeki hitabete yön veren belli başlı özellikler ele alınacaktır.
Şiddet Haberlerinden Hayvan Haklarına, Sahipsiz Köpek Sorunu
Authors: KIRIŞIK Fatih , ÖZTÜRK Kübra
Published: July 2021

Türkiye’de sahipsiz köpek sayısı çok hızlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Sahipsiz köpekler ısırma ya da saldırma nedeniyle doğrudan ya da dolaylı şekilde insanların ve hayvanların ölmelerine, yaralanmalarına, kuduz gibi çeşitli hastalıklar kapmalarına, güvenlik sorunlarına, trafik kazalarına neden olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan sahipsiz köpekler, sokaklarda açlık, susuzluk, hastalık, soğuk, sıcak, trafik kazaları, sahipli ve sahipsiz köpeklerin saldırısına maruz kalma, insan, hayvan ve araçlardan kaynaklanan tehlikeler altında ağır şartlarda yaşam mücadelesi verirken önemli sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Makalede Türkiye’deki sahipsiz köpek sorunu, çeşitli boyutlarıyla ve dünya ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, gelişmiş ülkelerdeki bilimsel popülasyon yönetimi ve hayvan refahı uygulamaları incelenmiş ve Türkiye için çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Kadın Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirlerin Tükenmişliği ile İşletme Performansı İlişkisi: Eskişehir ve Kütahya Örneği
Authors: ALTINBAY Ali
Published: July 2021

Tükenmişlik sendromu son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarla önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle hizmet işletmelerinde çalışanların sundukları hizmetlerde duyarsızlaşma, duygusal tükenme ve kişisel başarıda düşüklük ile kendini göstermektedir. Bu durum örgütsel açıdan bakıldığında çalışanların fiziksel, psikolojik ve duygusal olarak rahatsızlıklar oluşmasına sebep olmakta ve neticesinde çalışanların moralini, motivasyonunu ve yaratıcılığını yok ederek işletme performansında düşüşlere neden olmaktadır. İşletmeler en önemli kaynağı olan çalışanlarının bazılarını kaybederek finansal ve sosyal bazı sonuçlarla da yüzleşmek zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu araştırma ile tükenmişliğin işletme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Eskişehir ve Kütahya illerinde gönüllülük esasına göre 205 kadın Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavir ile (SMMM) yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak anketler alınmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre kadın SMMM’lerin tükenmişliğinin işletme performansı ve alt faktörlerini (finansal ve finansal olmayan) negatif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Tükenmişlik ile medeni durum, yaş ve kurumda çalışma süresi, işletme performansı ile statü, medeni durum, yaş, gelir ve kurumda çalışma süresinin anlamlı biçimde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Antagonismo de classes no canto II da Ilíada: Tersites e a economia da guerra
Authors: Romero Sérgio Luiz Gusmão Gimenes
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão crítica acerca do canto II da Ilíada, especificamente os versos 198 a 226, centrados na personagem Tersites. Esse trecho é alvo de polêmica teórica acerca de tratar-se o conflito entre o referido soldado e os chefes da armada como um embate entre classes sociais distintas. A partir de uma perspectiva materialista histórica, propomo-nos a defender uma abordagem do embate pelo viés de classe e de luta de classes sociais como cerne de sua dinâmica.
“Se a base da educação é a mesma, as oportunidades também serão”? A propaganda sobre educação no governo Temer
Authors: Freitas Ronaldo Adriano de , Dela Silva Silmara
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórico-analítica acerca do funcionamento da propaganda governamental sobre educação no Brasil, durante a presidência de Michel Temer. O corpus de análise é constituído por uma peça publicitária a respeito da Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), com ampla circulação na mídia, em 2017. Tomando como ponto de partida reflexões propostas por Pêcheux acerca do funcionamento das propagandas de governo na formação social capitalista, as análises apontam como, na referida propaganda, se constitui um imaginário de democracia e cidadania relacionados à BNCC, tomada como capaz de reverter os quadros de desigualdade social no país.
Um elogio de paixão em A pedra iluminada, de Walmir Ayala
Authors: Paz Filho Luís Alberto Dos Santos
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho propõe uma leitura da produção poética de Walmir Ayala, na obra A pedra iluminada, com o objetivo de analisar os signos de paixão e suas formas de expressão conduzidas pelos sujeitos poéticos dos textos. A partir da perspectiva de Hugo Friedrich, em A estrutura da lírica moderna, no tocante à obscuridade das revelações poéticas típicas do indivíduo moderno, bem como de provocações sobre a construção do eu-lírico, serão analisados alguns poemas em cujas possibilidades de amor mostrem-se como tarefas distintas, de acordo com as noções singulares de cada “eu” textual.
O percurso dos heróis em Vidas secas, de Graciliano Ramos, e O menino e o mundo, de Alê Abreu: prenúncio e confirmação da crise civilizatória
Authors: Borguetti Lara Bruno , Lins Precioso Adriana
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho objetiva compreender como o percurso trilhado pelos heróis no romance Vidas secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos, e no filme de animação O menino e o mundo (2013), de Alê Abreu, faz com que, segundo a perspectiva adotada nesta pesquisa, o primeiro anuncie e o segundo confirme a crise civilizatória da modernidade. A princípio, examina-se de que forma ambos os textos desnudam os mecanismos de dominação e opressão e os problemas advindos desses mesmos mecanismos em uma “ordem” capitalista. Ademais, os processos de hegemonia das potências econômicas sobre os países periféricos são também questionados, embora apenas na obra cinematográfica.
“Na volúpia urgente de uma confissão”: Lavoura Arcaica (1975), o lírico, o trágico e o arquétipo
Authors: Silva Sandro Adriano da , Zukoski Ana Maria Soares
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Este artigo aventa uma análise interpretativa do romance lírico Lavoura arcaica (1975/2001), de Raduan Nassar, a partir de um olhar para o imaginário que funda a narrativa e assegura-lhe um estilo incisivo e universal. A obra retoma o arquétipo para, diluindo-se entre matizes do trágico e uma linguagem altamente lírica, realinhar o tempo, a tradição, a liberdade, o amor sob o peso de verdades consagradas como irremovíveis.Palavras-chave: Literatura brasileira contemporânea. Lavoura arcaica. Romance lírico. Trágico. Arquétipo.
Um exercício de descolonização da hipótese do Matriarcado na utopia Oswaldiana
Authors: Coutinho Dolores Pereira Ribeiro , Maciel Josemar De Campos , Benites Paulo
Published: July 2021

Em 1950, Oswald de Andrade publicou dois textos cruciais para se pensar o teor político-filosófico de sua obra: “A crise da filosofia messiânica” e “Um aspecto antropofágico da cultura brasileira: o homem cordial”. O presente texto tem como objetivo compreender o movimento de transformação do fazer poético de Oswald em exercício filosófico, transformação articulada tanto no plano da prática poética quanto no plano da reflexão teórica e crítica. Para tanto, acreditamos que o esforço do poeta em pensar as categorias de matriarcado e patriarcado ressoa como um exercício teórico fundamental para sua concepção filosófica do mundo, ainda que de maneira utópica.
A recepção crítica da obra de Adriana Lisboa
Authors: Bruno Neila Brasil
Published: July 2021

Desenvolve-se, neste artigo, uma análise da recepção crítica da obra de Adriana Lisboa com o objetivo central de verificar qual a posição da crítica especializada e da crítica não especializada diante da produção literária da autora. Nesta investigação, buscou-se evidenciar as temáticas dos romances de Adriana Lisboa e apontar como a crítica tem contribuído para a criação de um público específico para esta escritora. Para isso, utilizamos como base de nosso trabalho estudos de autores como Pierre Bourdieu, para um aprofundamento sociológico das questões que envolvem a arte, e Tânia Pellegrini, para o entendimento da formação do campo crítico no Brasil, entre outros.   Palavras-chave: Adriana Lisboa. Recepção crítica. Profissionalização. Campo literário.
O caráter performativo da linguagem do movimento escola sem partido
Authors: Cardozo Letícia Berneira
Published: July 2021

Este artigo busca investigar o caráter performativo da linguagem do “Movimento Escola sem Partido”. Como embasamento teórico utilizar-se-á autores como Austin (1962), Derrida (1977) e Butler (1997), que discorrem sobre o caráter performativo da linguagem e a violência exercida através dos atos de fala. Ancorada nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa, analisam-se aqui os comentários online de três publicações da página oficial do “Escola sem Partido”, disponibilizados na rede social Facebook.  Os comentários apontam para a força ilocucionária da linguagem, capaz de nomear, transformar, subverter o papel do professor e incitar práticas violentas.
Sobre a perda parcial do movimento do verbo no português brasileiro: a analiticização do tempo futuro
Authors: Araújo-Adriano Paulo Ângelo
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, mostro que, contrariamente à Biberauer & Roberts (2010), o português brasileiro (PB) ainda tem o movimento de verbo nas construções de futuridade, mesmo que parcialmente. Argumento que o processo de analiticização de futuridade no PB desencadeou perda de movimento a um núcleo funcional mais alto (TP), muito embora o verbo continue se movendo para um núcleo funcional mais baixo, WollP. Para tanto, mostro que o futuro sintético existente no PB, residual, não veicula temporalidade, e que o licenciamento da elipse de VP e a ordem do advérbio ‘sempre’ sugerem que o pouso do verbo foi alterado.
Perguntas e processos para um ensino de leitura literária inovador
Authors: Xypas Rosiane Maria
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é duplo. Por um lado, refletir sobre o ensino da leitura literária vista como processo, ressaltando os processos afetivo e simbólico da linguagem. Por outro, refletir sobre a elaboração de perguntas na atividade de leitura literária que permitam respostas provenientes da cabeça do leitor. As recentes teorias da leitura de textos literários favorecem um ensino engajado na categorização de atitudes e interesses do leitor pelo texto lido destacando sua subjetividade no ato de ler.
Um relato de si: a trajetória de Carolina Maria de Jesus através dos diários
Authors: Freitas Leidiana Da Silva Lima , De Oliveira Lopes Maria Suely
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo propõe analisar a escrita de si de Carolina Maria de Jesus a partir de seus diários: Quarto de Despejo (2014a),Casa de Alvenaria (1961) e Diário de Bitita (2014b). De forma específica, buscamos entender a trajetória de vida da escritora através de seus três diários; além de comparar em quais aspectos esses diários se assemelham e/ou se diferenciam. Observamos que, para além do relato da vida da escritora, os escritos desses diários são as armas usadas para denunciar a miséria, o racismo e o preconceito vividos por grande parte da população pobre e negra do Brasil.
Reflexões sobre a morte em Il Gattopardo, de Lampedusa e de Visconti
Authors: Cardoso Marinês Lima
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Este estudo busca discorrer sobre a morte e o declínio de uma época, no romance Il Gattopardo, de Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, e no filme homônimo, produzido por Luchino Visconti, observando o aspecto espacial que evidencia e caracteriza essa temática. A história é ambientada no sul da Itália, na segunda metade do século XIX, e narra a história de uma família aristocrata que assiste às transformações sociais, políticas e históricas com a unificação do estado italiano.Palavras-chave: Literatura italiana. Tradução cinematográfica. Giuseppe Tommasi di Lampedusa. Luchino Visconti.
Poesia digital, apropriação e inventividade.
Authors: Vieira Flaviano Maciel
Published: July 2021

A proposta deste artigo é refletir sobre como processos de apropriação têm sido ferramentas importantes em diversas composições das poéticas contemporâneas. Em torno das ideias de gênio não original, de Marjorie Perloff (2013), e de escrever sem escrever, de Leonardo Villa-Forte (2019), o poema multimídia Scalpoema, de Joesér Alvarez, será analisado em busca de características que vêm delineando as práticas da pós-modernidade.
O eu da poesia inscrito nos cruzamentos do fingimento e do delírio com o real: compreensões do sujeito lírico
Authors: Lima Felippe Nildo Oliveira de
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho discute a relação realidade/ficção atuante no sujeito lírico em três momentos da literatura. Primeiramente, abordamos a semelhança do eu da subjetividade romântica ao eu empírico do poeta (GOETHE, 2017; HEGEL, 2004; 2009). Em seguida, analisamos o desvencilhar-se da poesia moderna do ego em dissolução, transmutando-se em criação ficcional e autônoma de linguagem (FRIEDRICH, 1978; HAMBURGUER, 1986). Por fim, trazemos algumas tendências críticas mais recentes (COMBE, 2010; DE MAN, 2012; PUCHEU, 2014; SCARANO, 1997) que ampliam os horizontes críticos com base em um sujeito lírico contemporâneo de estatuto duplo inscrito nas fronteiras indiscerníveis da realidade e da ficção.            Palavras-chave: Realidade. Ficção. Sujeito lírico. Teorias literárias.
A dimensão interpessoal da linguagem na variação e na gramaticalização
Authors: Görski Edair Maria , Valle Carla Regina Martins
Published: July 2021

Discutimos o lugar destinado à dimensão interpessoal e aos interlocutores na Sociolinguística Variacionista e na Gramaticalização; e questões metodológicas envolvidas nas duas abordagens.  Destaca-se que, enquanto a sociolinguística laboviana privilegia fatores de estratificação social do falante (em detrimento ao ouvinte), em razão do caráter quantitativo de suas análises, a abordagem funcionalista de gramaticalização como expansão considera a interação falante-ouvinte como motivação para a mudança. Do ponto de vista analítico, são apresentados dois artefatos metodológicos voltados à dimensão interpessoal, e aplicados a um fenômeno em variação e gramaticalização.
O elemento gramatical “lo” em publicações didáticas brasileiras da década de 1940: Historiografia da Linguística e ensino de espanhol
Authors: Alexandre Diego José Alves , Vieira Francisco Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Tomando por objeto da Historiografia da Linguística as formas de conhecimento construídas sobre a língua ao longo da história (ALTMAN, 2009), este artigo objetiva analisar a metalinguagem empregada em torno do elemento gramatical lo em materiais didáticos de espanhol publicados na década de 1940 no Brasil. Assim, selecionamos cinco fontes representativas desse período, sobretudo a partir da publicação de uma lei que fixava conteúdos de espanhol no sistema educativo brasileiro. Nos resultados, verificou-se nas obras uma difusa variedade taxonômica e de possibilidades de uso do lo, que são refletidas nos livros didáticos e nas práticas docentes até os dias atuais
A figuração feminina na poesia surrealista de Louis Aragon
Authors: Argenta Marinice , Da Silva Maria Luiza Berwanger
Published: July 2021

O Surrealismo emerge com uma proposta de liberdade de expressão fundamentada em teorias freudianas, transportando alguns conteúdos psicanalíticos no desenvolvimento dessa estética. Assim, a escrita automática, que busca no inconsciente humano os sentimentos considerados reais pelos surrealistas, será a prática para uma nova linguagem literária. Destarte, para verificar essa nova proposta artística, far-se-á uma análise do poema Les yeux d’Elsa de Louis Aragon, através do qual se evidencia a construção da imagem feminina nesse processo apregoado pelos Surrealistas.
Alkaline protease production using a membrane bioreactor
Authors:   , Haricharan Nolene
Published: July 2021

Alkaline proteases are an important class of industrial enzymes that are mainly used in detergents, and also in industries like leather, food, photography and pharmaceuticals. Most industrial processes use submerged fermentation (SMF) for alkaline protease production. Recently, solid state fermentation (SSP) has been used. This research presents the potential of an additional process for alkaline protease production, namely membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. lts application has been extended from ultrafitration operation to a potential enzyme production system. This research is therefore based on the evaluation of skinless polysulphone capillary membrane for the production of enzymes. The initial step in this project involved the experimental determination of the most suitable test organism for immobilization and biofilm formation on the membrane. This involved the use of a flow-cell chamber system with strains of Thermomyces lanuginosus ATCC 38905, T. lanuginosus ATCC 46882, Cryptococus laurentii, Aspergillus aculeatus DSM 2344, Gliocladium roseum, Penicillium grabrum, P. chrysogenum CCRC 31619, P. italicium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli B8, Sclerotium rolfsii and a winery effluent sample comprising of a consortium of unidentified bacteria. Biofilm formation on the surface was observed visually over a period of seven days, while immobilization of the organism within the microvoids was observed microscopically using fluorescent and electron microscopy. Experimental data provided evidence that the T. lanuginosus strains ATCC 38905 and ATCC 46882, A. aculeatus DSM 2344, S. cerevisiae, E. coli and S. rolfsii were poor biofilm producers and did not demonstrate the ability to immobilize onto the membrane. G. roseum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum CCRC 31619, P. italicium, C. laurentii and the effluent sample were adequate biofilm producers with the ability to immobilize onto the membrane. The alkaline protease producing strain of P. chrysogenum CCRC 31619 was chosen for use for the next phase of this research.
Quality assessment of frying oils in the formal and informal food preparation sectors
Authors:   , Mewa Choonilall
Published: July 2021

The demand for fried foods by the public and the number of people entering the fried food industry in the form of take-aways and fast food outlets both in the formal and informal sectors has increased tremendously. Frying fats and oils are very expensive, used in large quantities and is the most important ingredient used in the preparation of fried foods: Due to the high cost of these frying fats and oils, majority of the formal and informal traders are using the frying fats and oils to its maximum in order to reduce the overall cost. This has resulted in the preparation of poor quality offried foods. Considering all of the above, the aim of the proposed research was :- (a) to determine the quality of the frying fats and oils used by both the formal and informal sectors by performing both physical and chemical analyses and compare these with similar analyses performed on the unused frying fats and oils in order to ascertain the degree of deterioration of the used frying fats and oils (b) to investigate the method of disposal of the used frying fats and oils. (c) to contribute in educating both the consumers and the suppliers of fried foods by bringing the findings of this research to the attention of the Durban Metro Health Department. The used frying fats 'and oils were collected during the frying process by the environment health officer from the Durban Metro Health Department. These samples were placed in a refridgerator to prevent any further deterioration. The used and unused frying fats and oils were analysed for, the Free Fatty Acid and Acid Value contents; the quantitative separation of Monoglycerides, Diglycerides and Triglycerides; the Refractive Index; the Peroxide Values; the concentrations of Polar and Non-polar Compounds; the Viscosity and the identification of the various fatty acid methyl esters present in the samples. The analytical methods used were followed from the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) Official Method Handbook. The Free Fatty Acid and Acid Value results showed that twenty-five percent of the samples had a concentration of more than the maximum acceptable limit of 2.5%. It was evident that the types of food fried, the intermittent heating, frying.
Sprache(n) als Zugang:
Authors: Hirvonen Maija
Published: July 2021

Dieser Aufsatz setzt sich mit der Funktion der Sprache als Mittel der digitalen Zugänglichkeit auseinander. Es wird anhand konkreter Anwendungsbereiche erläutert, wie Sprache als Ersatz von nicht-sprachlichen Informationen fungiert, und darauffolgend veranschaulicht, wie unterschiedliche Sprachen wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten bzw. -konventionen diesen Ersatz gewährleisten. Das sprachliche Beschreiben wird dabei in den Fokus gerückt, weil es einen wesentlichen Zugang zu visuellen und audiovisuellen Inhalten in Bereichen wie ‚deskriptive Metadaten‘ sowie ‚Audio- und Videodeskription‘ leistet. Danach wird durch eine kontrastive Fallanalyse der deutschen, englischen und spanischen Audiodeskription eines Films veranschaulicht, welche Anforderungen die Wahl der Sprache an das Beschreiben von Visualität stellt. Abschließend werden künftige Entwicklungen der Versprachlichung von digitalen Inhalten erörtert und dabei die Perspektiven der mehrsprachigen Versprachlichung ausgelotet.
Digitalisierung in Lehre und Forschung in der Germanistischen Linguistik 2020. Status Quo, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven am Beispiel der Universität Duisburg-Essen
Authors: Szurawitzki Michael
Published: July 2021

Der Artikel behandelt das Thema Digitalisierung in Lehre und Forschung in der Germanistischen Linguistik und den Stand der Entwicklungen im Spätsommer 2020. Der Status Quo, bestehende Herausforderungen und Perspektiven werden am Beispiel der germanistischen und geisteswissenschaftlichen Aktivitäten an der Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE) entwickelt und aufgezeigt. Nach einer Einführung (1.) wird der Entwicklungsstand im Bereich Digitalisierung in den Geisteswissenschaften, mit Fokus auf die Germanistische Linguistik, dargestellt (2.). Daran schließen sich Betrachtungen zur Digitalisierung in der Lehre in der Coronakrise an; dies geschieht am Beispiel der Universität Duisburg-Essen und speziell der Germanistik (3.). In Abschnitt 4. wird die Digitalisierung in der Forschung in den Fokus gerückt, hier mit Beispielen aus der Germanistik und den Geisteswissenschaften der UDE. Zunächst wird dabei auf bestehende/laufende Projekte fokussiert, wonach die Genese neuer Korpora als Betrachtungspunkt folgt. Hieran schließen sich Gedanken zum Forschungsdatenmanagement an (5.). Eine Zusammenfassung nebst Ausblick (6.) bringt den Abschluss des Beitrages.
Therapeutic outcome of diverticular associated colitis – a retrospective single centre experience
Authors: Vulsteke F , De Hertogh G , Vermeire S
Published: July 2021

Background: Diverticular associated colitis (DAC) has become increasingly appreciated as a form of inflammatory disease, localized mainly in the sigmoid, and defined as chronic inflammation of the interdiverticular mucosa with sparing of rectum, right colon and diverticula themselves.

Methods: A retrospective case identification from January 2005 to December 2016 was performed. Patients with a diagnosis of DAC based on clinical, endoscopic and histological findings were enrolled. We analyzed their characteristics and response to therapy, and performed a review of literature.

Results: Out of 377 pathology reports, 37 cases of DAC were identified, with a median age of 73 years and followed during 1-13 years. Six patients (16.22%) were refractory to conservative treatment and required surgery. In three patients (8.11%) evolution to ulcerative colitis (UC) was observed. Patients were divided into four endoscopic patterns, with a more benign course for type A “crescentic fold disease” compared to the other subtypes. Patients with type B “mild to moderate ulcerative colitis-like” were at significantly higher risk of persistent disease activity or relapse (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: DAC is a multifaceted disease and considered to be a relatively benign condition. However, a subset of patients requires surgery and/or may progress to develop UC.
Innovations in liver transplantation in 2020, position of the Belgian Liver Intestine Advisory Committee (BeLIAC)
Authors: Dahlqvist G , Moreno C , Starkel P , Detry O , Coubeau L , Jochmans I
Published: July 2021

Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only curative option for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure and selected hepatocellular carcinomas and access to the LT-waiting list is limited to certain strict indications. However, LT has shown survival advantages for patients in certain indications such as acute alcoholic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma outside Milan criteria and colorectal cancer metastases. These newer indications increase the pressure in an already difficult context of organ shortage. Strategies to increase the transplantable organ pool are therefore needed. We will discuss here the use of HCV positive grafts as the use of normothermic isolated liver perfusion. Belgian Liver Intestine Advisory Committee (BeLIAC) from the Belgian Transplant Society (BTS) aims to guarantee the balance between the new indications and the available resources.
Anorectal polyp
Authors: Bansal R , Ghanta H , Blue R , Sharma R
Published: July 2021

A 71-year-old female with hypertension presented with painless rectal bleeding and found to have a soft mass on rectal exam. The colonoscopy revealed a large pedunculated polyp with patchy discoloration arising from the dentate line (Fig. 1). Biopsies of the polyp were obtained.
Species correlation measurements in turbulent flare plumes: considerations for field measurements
Authors: Seymour Scott P. , Johnson Matthew R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Field measurement of flare emissions in turbulent flare plumes is an important
and complex challenge. Incomplete combustion from these processes results in
emissions of black carbon, unburnt fuels (methane), CO2, and other
pollutants. Many field measurement approaches necessarily assume that
combustion species are spatially and/or temporally correlated in the plume,
such that simple species ratios can be used to close a carbon balance to
calculate species emission factors and flare conversion efficiency. This study
examines the veracity of this assumption and the associated implications for
measurement uncertainty. A novel tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
(TDLAS) system is used to measure the correlation between H2O and
black carbon (BC) volume fractions in the plumes of a vertical, turbulent,
non-premixed, buoyancy-driven lab-scale gas flare. Experiments reveal that
instantaneous, path-averaged concentrations of BC and H2O can vary
independently and are not necessarily well correlated over short time
intervals. The scatter in the BC/H2O ratio along a path through the
plume was well beyond that which could be attributed to measurement
uncertainty and was asymmetrically distributed about the mean. Consistent
with previous field observations, this positive skewness toward higher
BC/H2O ratios implies short, localized, and infrequent bursts of
high BC production that are not well correlated with H2O. This
demonstrates that the common assumption of fixed species ratios is not
universally valid, and measurements based on limited samples, short sampling
times, and/or limited spatial coverage of the plume could be subject to
potentially large added uncertainty. For BC emission measurements, the
positive skewness of the BC/H2O ratio also suggests that results
from small numbers of samples are more likely to be biased low. However, a
bootstrap analysis of the results shows how these issues can be avoided with
sufficient sample size and provides initial guidance for creating sampling
protocols for future field measurements using analogous path-averaged
techniques.
Experimental assessment of a micro-pulse lidar system in comparison with reference lidar measurements for aerosol optical properties retrieval
Authors: Córdoba-Jabonero Carmen , Ansmann Albert , Jiménez Cristofer , Baars Holger , López-Cayuela María-Ángeles , Engelmann Ronny
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Simultaneous observations of a polarized micro-pulse lidar (P-MPL) system and two reference European Aerosol Research Lidar Network lidars running at the Leipzig site Germany, 51.4∘ N, 12.4∘ E; 125 m a.s.l.) were performed during a comprehensive 2-month field intercomparison campaign in summer 2019. An experimental assessment regarding both the overlap (OVP) correction of the P-MPL signal profiles and the volume linear depolarization ratio (VLDR)
analysis, together with its impact on the retrieval of the aerosol optical
properties, is achieved; the experimental procedure used is also described.
The optimal lidar-specific OVP function is experimentally determined,
highlighting that the one delivered by the P-MPL manufacturer cannot be used long. Among the OVP functions examined, the averaged function between those
obtained from the comparison of the P-MPL observations with those of the
other two reference lidars seems to be the best proxy at both near- and
far-field ranges. In addition, the impact of the OVP function on the
accuracy of the retrieved profiles of the total particle backscatter
coefficient (PBC) and the particle linear depolarization ratio (PLDR) is
examined. The VLDR profile is obtained and compared with that derived from the reference lidar, showing that it needs to be corrected by a small offset value with good accuracy. Once P-MPL measurements are optimally (OVP, VLDR) corrected, both the PBC and PLDR profiles can be accurately derived and are in good agreement with reference aerosol retrievals. Overall, as a
systematic requirement for lidar systems, an adequate OVP function
determination and VLDR testing analysis needs to be performed on a
regular basis to correct the P-MPL measurements in order to derive suitable
aerosol products. A dust event observed in Leipzig in June 2019 is used
for illustration.
The Mediterranean climate change hotspot in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 projections
Authors: Cos Josep , Doblas-Reyes Francisco , Jury Martin , Marcos Raül , Bretonnière Pièrre-Antoine , Samsó Margarida
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The increased warming trend and precipitation decline in the Mediterranean region makes it a climate change hotspot. We compare projections of multiple CMIP5 and CMIP6 historical and scenario simulations to quantify the impacts of the already changing climate in the region. In particular, we investigate changes in temperature and precipitation during the 21st century following scenarios RCP2.6, SSP1-2.6, RCP4.5, SSP2-4.5, RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5, as well as the HighResMIP high resolution experiments. A model weighting scheme is applied to obtain constrained estimates of projected changes, which accounts for historical model performance and inter-independence of the multi-model ensembles, using an observational ensemble as reference. Results indicate a robust and significant warming over the Mediterranean region along the 21st century over all seasons, ensembles and experiments. The Mediterranean amplified warming with respect to the global mean is mainly found during summer. The temperature changes vary between CMIPs, being CMIP6 the ensemble that projects a stronger warming. Contrarily to temperature projections, precipitation changes show greater uncertainties and spatial heterogeneity. However, a robust and significant precipitation decline is projected over large parts of the region during summer for the high emission scenario. While there is less disagreement in projected precipitation between CMIP5 and CMIP6, the latter shows larger precipitation declines in some regions. Results obtained from the model weighting scheme indicate increases in CMIP5 and reductions in CMIP6 warming trends, thereby reducing the distance between both multi-model ensembles.
A permafrost implementation in the simple carbon–climate model Hector v.2.3pf
Authors: Woodard Dawn L. , Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Kravitz Ben , Hartin Corinne , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Permafrost currently stores more than a fourth of global soil carbon. A warming climate makes this carbon increasingly vulnerable to decomposition and release into the atmosphere in the form of greenhouse gases. The resulting climate feedback can be estimated using land surface models, but the high complexity and computational cost of these models make it challenging to use them for estimating uncertainty, exploring novel scenarios, and coupling with other models. We have added a representation of permafrost to the simple, open-source global carbon–climate model Hector, calibrated to be consistent with both historical data and 21st century Earth system model projections of permafrost thaw. We include permafrost as a separate land carbon pool that becomes available for decomposition into both methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) once thawed; the thaw rate is controlled by region-specific air temperature increases from a preindustrial baseline. We found that by 2100 thawed permafrost carbon emissions increased Hector’s atmospheric CO2 concentration by 5 %–7 % and the atmospheric CH4 concentration by 7 %–12 %, depending on the future scenario, resulting in 0.2–0.25 ∘C of additional warming over the 21st century. The fraction of thawed permafrost carbon available for decomposition was the most significant parameter controlling the end-of-century temperature change in the model, explaining around 70 % of the temperature variance, and was distantly followed by the initial stock of permafrost carbon, which contributed to about 10 % of the temperature variance. The addition of permafrost in Hector provides a basis for the exploration of a suite of science questions, as Hector can be cheaply run over a wide range of parameter values to explore uncertainty and can be easily coupled with integrated assessment and other human system models to explore the economic consequences of warming from this feedback.
Comprehensive evaluation of satellite-based and reanalysis soil moisture products using in situ observations over China
Authors: Ling Xiaolu , Huang Ying , Guo Weidong , Wang Yixin , Chen Chaorong , Qiu Bo , Ge Jun , Qin Kai , Xue Yong , Peng Jian
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in the water and energy cycles of the Earth system; consequently, a long-term SM product with high quality is urgently needed. In this study, five SM products, including one microwave remote sensing product – the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) – and four reanalysis data sets – European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis – Interim (ERA-Interim), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the 20th Century Reanalysis Project from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the ECMWF Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) – are systematically evaluated using in situ measurements during 1981–2013 in four climate regions at different timescales over the Chinese mainland. The results show that ESA CCI is closest to the observations in terms of both the spatial distributions and magnitude of the monthly SM. All reanalysis products tend to overestimate soil moisture in all regions but have higher correlations than the remote sensing product except in Northwest China. The largest inconsistency is found in southern Northeast China region, with an unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) value larger than 0.04. However, all products exhibit certain weaknesses in representing the interannual variation in SM. The largest relative bias of 144.4 % is found for the ERA-Interim SM product under extreme and severe wet conditions in northeastern China, and the lowest relative bias is found for the ESA CCI SM product, with the minimum of 0.48 % under extreme and severe wet conditions in northwestern China. Decomposing mean square errors suggests that the bias terms are the dominant contribution for all products, and the correlation term is large for ESA CCI. As a result, the ESA CCI SM product is a good option for long-term hydrometeorological applications on the Chinese mainland. ERA5 is also a promising product, especially in northern and northwestern China in terms of low bias and high correlation coefficient. This long-term intercomparison study provides clues for SM product enhancement and further hydrological applications.
Atualidades sobre os vetores e a transmissão de arboviroses no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: LOURENÇO-DE-OLIVEIRA Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Arboviroses são agravos causados por vírus transmitidos por artrópodes. Desde 1986, o estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sido invadido por seis arbovírus epidêmicos transmitidos, coincidentemente, pelo mosquito urbano Aedes aegypti, culminando com a reemergência da febre amarela silvestre em 2017, cujos vetores primários, em contraste, são espécies de mosquitos silvestres do gênero Haemagogus. Neste artigo, comentamos essa sucessão de eventos epidemiológicos, dos pontos de vista histórico, ecológico e entomológico, e discutimos o risco da emergência de outros arbovírus no estado.
Segmentação econômica e redes de poder: a atualidade da teoria de Taylor e Thrift
Authors: Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: July 2021

Este texto retoma os pressupostos da teoria de segmentação econômica e redes de poder proposta por Michael Taylor e Nigel Thrift, no início dos anos 1980, com o objetivo de proporcionar um arcabouço teórico para explicar as mudanças industriais no espaço. Ao contrário das vertentes estruturalistas e descritivas que à época caracterizavam os estudos na Geografia Industrial, a abordagem da segmentação e redes de poder se inseriu no conjunto de trabalhos de geografia corporativa ou geografia das corporações, cuja preocupação central consistia em restabelecer as organizações empresariais como agentes centrais de mudança econômica. Ao longo do texto, esboçamos as principais características, os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos e os óbices dessa abordagem teórica. Embora a proposta de segmentação e redes de poder apresente alguns problemas (ausências da discussão sobre o Estado e os conflitos capital-trabalho, inovação estática, segmentação determinista etc.), seus pressupostos apóiam na compreensão da diversidade das empresas quanto à escala e escopo de suas operações e à inserção delas numa vasta e complexa rede de relações de poder desiguais.
Palavras-chave: Segmentação econômica, redes de poder, corporações, pequenas empresas.
Perceived Metalinguistic and Cognitive Influences of Bilingual Education
Authors: Ashton Margaret , Hirano Eliana
Published: July 2021

Despite the substantial body of academic research regarding the metalinguistic and cognitive effects of bilingual education, most of the literature reports on large-scale experimental studies (e.g., Bialystok et al., 2010) while little is known about how individuals who have participated in bilingual programs view their learning outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there are trends in the self-perceived outcomes of bilingual immersion education on people who have spent at least four years in a bilingual educational setting. Ten individuals who met this criterion were interviewed and the audio recordings of their interviews were transcribed and analyzed inductively to allow themes to emerge from the participants’ words. Findings indicate there were identifiable themes in how participants perceived their education and the amount of time and specific grade levels spent in bilingual programs tended to correspond with certain participant response patterns. This study has implications for the many emerging Georgia dual language immersion programs and their recruitment strategies.
Keywordsbilingual education, dual language immersion, metalinguistic ability, cognitive ability
The Rocket Science: Reading the Financial Accounting Standards
Authors: Farrell Brian , Farrell Helen , Wells Peter
Published: July 2021

This paper identifies readability as a significant obstacle to the international harmonisation of financial accounting standards. In the study, the Flesch Reading Ease and the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level tests are used to analyse the International Financial Reporting Standard on leases (using the Australian equivalent, AASB 117), the other international standards (using the remainng 46 AASB standards), and the US standard on leases, FAS 13. The results show the language of AASB 117 and FAS 13 exceeds the expected ability of many readers and represents an impediment to the interpretation of accounting standards. T-tests indicate that, on average, the Reading Ease and Grade Level scores of the other 46 AASB standards are significantly more demanding than even AASB 117. Consequently, the readability of the International Financial Reporting Standards ought to be comprehensively addressed by the International Accounting Standards Board to ensure the efficacy of efforts to harmonise accounting internationally.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Users' Visit to the Shopping Centers in Libya
Authors:   Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Almansouri Hafith Mohammed Sulayman , Çetin Mehmet
Published: July 2021

The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic are expected to be challenging on all countries worldwide, especially from an economic concept. Reformations in the world’s economic system and changes in human precautions and behaviors are expected to influence several other aspects directly and indirectly. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the behaviors and perceptions of shopping malls’ users. Through the performed questionnaire on the residents of Dernah, Libya, it was found that they depend on cars as a main mean of transportation. Thus, no major impacts were found on the user’s choices in that aspect. However, evaluations of the scale reflect changes of people’s attitudes towards their preferences for shopping malls. These results are significant indicators in directing the attention of designers and managers of shopping malls to adopt new strategies and approaches.
Perceived Interactional Justice of Service Recovery and Post-recovery Satisfaction: A Study of Domestic Airline Customers in South West Nigeria
Authors: P.O. Ogunode , A.D. Nkamnebe
Published: July 2021

This study examined perceived interactional justice of service recovery and post-recovery satisfaction: a study of domestic airline customers in south west Nigeria. This study adopted the perceived justice theory to service recovery with the three dimensions of justice underpinning the study’s conceptual framework/research model. Quantitative research design was employed. The unit of analysis comprised of domestic airline customers in south west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Quota and purposive sampling were the sampling techniques and a sample of 1,998 respondents was statistically drawn using Cochran. Questionnaire was the research instrument; exploratory factor analysis through principal component extraction method was used to statistically measure construct validity while Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. Hypothesized relationships in the path diagram resulting from the research model were tested using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the aid of IBM®SPSS®AMOSTM25. The finding of this study showed that interactional justice had significant and positive influence on post-recovery satisfaction. It was recommended that airline companies operating in the study area should focus more attention to interactional justice by ensuring prompt response, politeness, listening to customer’s complaints individually, and makes good efforts to tackle the complaints in a satisfactory manner.
Conceptualizing Supplier Work Passion in light of the Zigarmi’s Framework
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad , Javed Sara , Shah S. Mutahir Hussain , Mustafa Maria , Unsa  , Namatullah Alina
Published: July 2021

Similar to other systems, the supply chains are also evolving, and old problems are seeking a new outlook. Work passion is an important concept in human resource management literature, but it rarely sought attention in supply chain management literature in the context of suppliers. By building upon some works by Drea Zigarmi on the employee work passion, the current study makes a pioneering attempt in defining supplier work passion and then conceptualizing it through an eight-dimensional construct. Therefore, a novel framework has been constructed. It is argued that a supplier can be an organization, but it behaves like a passionate individual in its dealing with the buyers. The study is of theoretical and practical significance and is likely to create a new debate in the supply chain management on the significance of supplier work passion.
Evaluación a los tres años de edad de un ensayo de progenies de Acacia mearnsii de Wild establecido en los sauces, región de la Araucanía
Authors: Pinilla Suárez Juan Carlos , Molina Brand María Paz , Luengo Vergara Karina , Navarrete Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Dentro de sus líneas de trabajo el Instituto Forestal (INFOR) está desarrollando diversas investigaciones orientadas a establecer las bases para el uso en plantaciones de algunas especies del género Acacia como alternativas a las especies forestales tradicionalmente empleadas en las plantaciones en el país. Dentro de este género existen diversas especies forestales de interés comercial, cuya madera presenta usos alternativos y complementarios a las especies tradicionales, agregándose a esto, turnos de cosecha reducidos. Este es el caso de Acacia melanoxylon R.Br., A. mearnsii De Wild. y A. dealbata Link. Las investigaciones realizadas confirman que, desde el punto de vista del crecimiento, de sus aptitudes tecnológicas y sus potencialidades de uso, estas especies se constituyen en una interesante alternativa de producción, lo cual permite orientar a forestadores interesados acerca del cultivo y manejo de este recurso y su potencial productivo. En este contexto y con el fin de mejorar el material de propagación para planes de forestación, se ha establecido en conjunto con la empresa Bosques Cautín SA, un ensayo de progenies (familias) nacionales de Acacia mearnsii en la Región de La Araucanía