bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis for Hair Loss in Mice Carrying a Novel Nonsense Mutation (Hrrh-R) in the Hairless Gene (Hr)
Authors: Liu Y. , Sundberg J. P. , Das S. , Carpenter D. , Cain K. T. , Michaud E. J. , Voy B. H.
Published: March 2010

Animal models carrying mutations in the hairless ( Hr) gene provide a rich resource for study of hair follicle biology. A spontaneous mouse mutant with a phenotype strikingly similar to rhino mutants of Hr arose spontaneously in the mouse facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Sequence analysis of Hr in these mutants uncovered a nonsense mutation in exon 12, designated as Hrrh-R (rhino, Oak Ridge). The mutation led to significant reduction in Hr mRNA levels, predicted to be due to nonsense-mediated decay. Histological analysis indicated dilated hair follicle infundibula at 14 days of age that rapidly became filled with cornified material. Microarray analyses revealed that expression levels of many genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal regeneration, and wound healing were significantly upregulated before morphological detection of the phenotype, suggesting their role in onset of the Hrrh-R phenotype. Identification of this new Hr allele and the underlying molecular alterations allows further understanding of the role of Hr in hair follicle biology.
A Rhabdomyoma Within a Multilocular Thymic Cyst in ap53-Null Mouse
Authors: Starost M. F. , Tsang K. , Zerfas P. M. , Stratakis C. A.
Published: March 2010

A 9-month-old p53-null female mouse was found dead in its cage. At necropsy, a large thymic mass encompassed the heart. Microscopically, the mass was composed of numerous varying-sized cysts lined with simple squamous epithelial cells to columnar ciliated cells.  Also present within this mass was a large aggregate of loosely arranged fusiform-shaped cells. These cells also were found in smaller numbers in the connective tissue surrounding the cysts. The larger aggregate of fusiform cells was positive for desmin and S-100 and negative for smooth muscle actin. Electron microscopy revealed well-formed Z lines and I bands of skeletal muscle phenotype. A diagnosis of rhabdomyoma within a congenital multilocular thymic cyst was made. The thymus contains a small population of myoid cells, which should be taken in consideration when evaluating thymic tumors.
Urinary Bladder Mass in a Dog
Authors: Gelberg H. B.
Published: March 2010

A 7-year-old spayed female schnauzer dog with chronic hematuria had a soft tissue mass within the wall of the bladder. The mass was excised and, when examined histologically, was determined to be a discrete well-organized mural mass consisting of spindloid cells arranged in swirling sheets and palisades punctuated by aggregates of principally eosinophils. The overlying transitional mucosa was extensively ulcerated and focally hyperplastic and nodular with subjacent solid down growths, superficial cysts, and the extension of tubular structures deep into the submucosa. The histologic appearance of this mass is consistent with canine polypoid eosinophilic cystitis, also known as benign inflammatory fibrous polyp.
Monitoring and Investigating Natural Disease by Veterinary Pathologists in Diagnostic Laboratories
Authors: O’Toole D.
Published: March 2010

Many emerging diseases in animals are initially recognized by diagnostic pathologists in animal health laboratories using routine laboratory submissions, in conjunction with clinical veterinarians and wildlife biologists. Familiar recent examples are chronic wasting disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, West Nile encephalomyelitis in North America, and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. The recognition of new diseases in animals requires that the curiosity of diagnosticians be articulated with the capacity of animal health laboratories to create effective diagnostic teams, solicit additional cases from the field at minimal cost to clients, and develop relationships with basic researchers. Bovine neosporosis is used as an example to illustrate how a disease investigation triggered by routine clinical accessions can have international ramifications. Between the late 1980s and 1995, diagnosticians with California’s animal health laboratory system identified neosporosis as a cause of reproductive wastage in cattle, characterized the lesions, isolated the agent, defined routes of transmission, met Koch's postulates, and developed diagnostic assays. Diagnostic pathologists catalyzed the process. The neosporosis investigation in California suggests useful attributes of veterinary diagnostic laboratories that pursue emerging diseases identified through routine laboratory accessions.
Emerging Diseases
Authors: Brown C.
Published: March 2010

The expansion of global trade has ensured that the global economy continues to improve and that political liberalization promotes changes toward democracy and enhanced world peace. However, the inherent risks due to pathogens moving from one country to another within this global trade have expanded accordingly as well. International guidelines for safe trade, promulgated by the World Trade Organization, and interpreted by the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Organization for Animal Health, have undergone fast-paced changes in an effort to stay current with rapidly evolving emerging disease concerns. But serious gaps remain, and the threat of pathogens moving to new areas or emerging in new ways is considerable.
Emergence of Diseases From Wildlife Reservoirs
Authors: Rhyan J. C. , Spraker T. R.
Published: March 2010

Interest in the epidemiology of emerging diseases of humans and livestock as they relate to wildlife has increased greatly over the past several decades. Many factors, most anthropogenic, have facilitated the emergence of diseases from wildlife. Some livestock diseases have “spilled over” to wildlife and then “spilled back” to livestock. When a population is exposed to an infectious agent, depending on an interaction of factors involving the host, agent, and environment, the population may be resistant to infection or may become a dead-end host, a spillover host, or a maintenance host. Each exposure is unique; the same species of host and agent may respond differently in different situations. Management actions that affect the environment and behavior of a potential host animal may allow the emergence of a new or as yet undetected disease. There are many barriers in preventing, detecting, monitoring and managing wildlife diseases. These may include political and legal hurdles, lack of knowledge about many diseases of wildlife, the absence of basic data on wildlife populations, difficulties with surveillance, and logistical constraints. Increasing interaction between wildlife and humans or domestic animals may lead to disease emergence and require innovative methods and strategies for disease surveillance and management in wildlife.
Zur Differenzierung bakterieller und mykotischer Granulome
Authors: Schiefer B.
Published: March 2010

The causative agents of mycotic granulomas can almost always be diagnosed histologically with adequate certainty by the application of special stains for fungi; this is in contrast to the bacterial granulomas, whose histologic appearance permits no certain conclusions and which therefore require cultures as an adjunct to diagnosis. In addition, the histologic picture also shows whether there has actually been an interaction between the body and the fungus. To be sure, cultures are necessary to distinguish the species of certain genera: e.g., Candida, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor; however, of the two, cultures can more readily be dispensed with. It is necessary to distinguish more strictly than heretofore between the infections that have been lumped under actinomycosis; these are true actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, nocardiosis, streptothricosis and bacterial granulomas with sulfur granule formation, e.g., staphylococcal granulomas. The means for distinguishing between these are discussed.

The more or less pronounced granulomatous character of the numerous bacterial or fungal inflammations is a peculiar attribute of these processes; it is better to use the more general term “infectious granulomas” rather than “specific inflammations”.

The histologic appearance of the lesion and the causative organism is illustrated for several of the infectious granulomas of animals.
Über das Lungenkarzinom bei Tieren mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rindes
Authors: Swoboda R.
Published: March 2010

Five bovine lung carcinomas are described, four of which are metastases of probable uterine carcinoma. Lung carcinomas do not seem to be rare in cattle; in most cases they represent metastases from primary sites in the uterus. A fifth case, was a primary non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. For differential diagnosis lung carcinomas in cattle must be distinguished from tuberculosis, mycosis and actinomycosis.

Three cases of primary lung carcinomas are also described in dogs, two alveolar carcinomas and one non-keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma; and a primary lung carcinoma each in a cat (non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma) and in a guinea pig. In the guinea pig the tumor was associated with a chronic purulent bronchopneumonia and a chronic interstitial pneumonia.
Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Horses
Authors: Rooney James R. , Franks W. Craig
Published: March 2010

The available literature on congenital cardiac anomalies in the horse has been reviewed. Five additional cases have been described: two of right atrio-ventricular (tricuspid) atresia with subaortic septal defect and patent foramen ovale, one of congenital absence of the aortic origin of the left coronary artery, one of persistent truncus arteriosus, and one of persistent ductus arteriosus.

Four of these cases (exception: persistent truncus arteriosus) have not been previously described in the horse, and represent the only four cardiac anomalies observed in an autopsy series of approximately 2,500 horses, foals and equine fetuses.
The Lesions in Bovine Udders Shedding Nonhemolytic Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Stabenfeldt G.H. , Spencer G.R.
Published: March 2010

Inflammatory and atrophic lesions were found in 12 out of 13 quarters examined from 6 cows which were shedding nonhemolytic, coagulase-negative staphylococci. A few foci of neutrophils were observed in all except one quarter and this one had vacuolated alveolar epithelium. The most severe lesions were small and consisted of interstitial infiltration by fibroblasts, lymphocytes and plasma cells, and of vacuolated epithelium and neutrophils in alveoli. Milder lesions included both focal and widespread exudation of small numbers of neutrophils into alveoli and slight alveolar epithelial vacuolation.
Pathologic Findings in Swine Affected with a Virulent Strain of Aujeszky's Virus
Authors: Olander Harvey J. , Saunders J.R. , Gustafson D.P. , Jones R.K.
Published: March 2010

The histopathology of Aujeszky's disease associated with severe clinical signs in mature swine was studied in 46 naturally and experimentally infected pigs, 2 dogs, a sheep, and 5 experimentally infected rabbits. The lesions in swine were characteristically severe, non-suppurative, necrotizing panencephalomyelitis, meningitis, and ganglioneuritis. In naturally infected pigs the anterior regions of the CNS were most severely involved. Swine experimentally inoculated intranasally had a similar distribution of lesions while those inoculated intramuscularly had primarily spinal cord involvement. Lesions in the brains of the dogs and sheep were meager and limited to the brains stems. In rabbits no CNS lesions were found. Necrotizing lesions were also seen in lymph nodes of swine and in livers of experimental rabbits.
Cerebellar Malformations in Two Ayrshire Calves
Authors: Howell J. McC. , Ritchie H.E.
Published: March 2010

Two cases of cerebellar malformation are described in male Ayrshire calves. The calves were born into the same herd but a genetic relationship has not been established. Both had a gross abnormality of the cerebellum with absence of parts. The macroscopic and microscopic features of the lesions are described, and it is thought that they were the result of partial cerebellar agenesis complicated by subsequent degenerative changes. The literature on cerebellar abnormalities in calves is briefly reviewed.
Ribonucleic Acid in Canine Mast Cell Granules and the Possible Interrelationship of Mast Cells and Plasma Cells
Authors: Hottendorf G.H. , Nielsen S.W. , Kenyon A.J.
Published: March 2010

RNase-sensitive pyroninophilia has been demonstrated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine mast cell granules and it was concluded that these granules contain RNA. When combined with (1) the observed morphologic similarities between mast cells and plasma cells, (2) the presence of common distinctive ultrastructures, (3) the differentiation of both cells from a common precursor and (4) the participation in a common reaction, the presence of RNA in mast cell granules is offered as additional evidence for a mast cell-plasma cell relationship. A proposed functional relationship between these two cells is discussed and the “plasma mast cell” is proposed as a possible transitional form between mast cells and plasma cells.
The Pathology of Vitamin E Deficiency in the Chick
Authors: Cheville Norman F.
Published: March 2010

Syndromes of encephalomalacia, exudative diathesis and muscular dystrophy were produced in day-old chicks placed on a torula yeast base diet deficient in vitamin E. Changes in the percentage of dietary lipid were responsible for variation in the disease processes. Chicks receiving 3-9% lipid had vascular alterations which determined, in most cases, the severity of the resulting tissue changes. Encephalomalacia occurred only in chicks on 9% dietary lipid. Muscular lesions were seen in all chicks and were thought to be due to damage to the mitochondria. Acid phosphatase activity was not directly associated with degeneration of muscle.
A Case of Rare Monstrosity in a Calf
Authors: Dozsa L.
Published: March 2010

The literature on congenital anomalies of calves is reviewed, and the author describes a case of malformation in a purebred Hereford heifer calf. This animal, which lived for 3 days, had two muzzles and two sets of rudimentary teeth and lower lips. There were four cerebral hemispheres but no duplication of the other parts of the brain. On the basis of the organs which were duplicated, the monster was termed a disprosopus, distomus, diotus, triophthalmos, ditelencephalus and monometencephalus.
The Sequential Development of Lesions in Spontaneous Aleutian Disease of Mink
Authors: Henson J.B. , Leader R.W. , Gorham J.R. , Padgett G. A.
Published: March 2010

Normal and Aleutian disease affected mink from ranches with a high prevalence of Aleutian disease were killed at approximately monthly intervals from July to November. Serum was subjected to zone electrophoresis and the serum protein changes were compared to the histologic stage of development of the renal, hepatic, and arterial changes. The initial renal lesions were interstitial infiltrations of plasma cells and lymphocytes with later development of glomerular changes. The arterial lesions were early medial necrosis followed by the appearance of fibrinoid and later by healing with concentric fibrillar proliferation. There seemed to be a direct relation between the severity of renal, hepatic, and arterial changes and the magnitude of hypergammaglobulinemia. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
The Pathology of Hypervitaminosis D in Cattle
Authors: Capen Charles C. , Cole Clarence R. , Hibbs John W.
Published: March 2010

Experimental hypervitaminosis D was produced in cows by the daily feeding of 30 million U.S.P. units of vitamin D for varying periods of time. Cardiovascular mineralization was not present after 7 days, but was observed after 10 days and became extensive and widespread after 21 and 30 days. Pregnant cows developed more severe lesions than non-pregnant ones.

In the heart, the lesions were more severe on the left side, and consisted of subendocardial mineralization and hemorrhage. In the elastic arteries, the degree of mineralization was maximal proximally, and diminished in severity distally. In the muscular arteries, the mineral deposits when confined to the media were accompanied by a proliferative intimal reaction. The veins were less severely affected than the arteries.

Histochemically the mineral deposits contained abundant calcium and phosphorus. X-ray diffraction studies indicated the principal inorganic product of the vitamin D-induced mineralization was a carbonate hydroxyapatite, comparable in crystallochemical characteristics to that of bone.
A Meningo-Leucoencephalomyelitis Resembling Visna in Dutch Zwoeger Sheep
Authors: Ressang A. A. , Stam F. C. , De Boer G. F.
Published: March 2010

Zwoegerziekte is a disease in Dutch sheep which morphologically closely resembles an Icelandic sheep disease, Maedi2. Chronic lung affection and emaciation are the principal symptoms of both diseases. Visna is another chronic condition in Icelandic sheep affecting mainly the C.N.S. A virus has been isolated from sheep affected with Maedi or Visna and a close relationship in properties has been found between both viruses.

In two Dutch sheep autopsied in the final stage of Zwoegerziekte, lesions were present in the C.N.S., which histologically resembled those in Visna. Another sheep slaughtered at the municipal abattoir, with lung lesions characteristic for the terminal stage of Zwoegerziekte, exhibited early cerebral lesions resembling Visna. The lesions in the C.N.S. of these three sheep were meningitis and severe encephalomyelitis of the glial type affecting the white matter. Secondary demyelination was striking.

Though Zwoegerziekte has been known for several decades in the Netherlands, the accompanying C.N.S. lesions are described for the first time.
Carotid Body Tumor in a Cow
Authors: Nordstoga Knut
Published: March 2010

A carotid body tumor was found closely attached to the left carotid artery of a cow. The neoplastic tissue was well defined, and no metastases were observed, but there was a slight invasion of the capsule. Histologically, there was great resemblance to the corresponding tumor in dogs: pleomorphic cells, numerous vessels, peritheliomatous patterns, i.e. predominantly epithelial cells lined by endothelium, and pseudoalveoli enclosed by reticulum.
Die Hyperplasie der Arteria pulmonalis bei Feliden
Authors: Stünzi H. , Teuscher E. , Pericin-Rauhut D.
Published: March 2010

Bei ungefähr einem Drittel der sezierten Hauskatzen sowie bei einem Ozelot haben wir an den kleinen Ästen der A. pulmonalis Verdickungen gefunden, die zu keinen andern Krankheiten in direkter Beziehung stehen. Das Leiden beginnt mit einer sich zentrifugal ausbreitenden Periarteriitis nodosa eosinophilica mit starkem Mediaödem. In älteren Fällen entwickelt sich eine asymmetrische Intimafibrose und eine unregelmässige Mediahyperplasie. In alten Stadien fehlen Entzündungserscheinungen. Die meist schwach ausgeprägte Hypertrophie des rechten Herzens ist sekundärer Natur. Diese Arterienveränderungen, die nichts mit Arteriosklerose zu tun haben, werden sehr wahrscheinlich durch Aelurostrongylus abstrusus verursacht. Sie werden hauptsächlich bei älteren Tieren beobachtet und führen zu keinen klinischen Störungen.
Ein Fall von Retikulose beim Nerz
Authors: Trautwein G. , Krüger A.
Published: March 2010

Bei einem männlichen Hedlund-Jungnerz wird eine Retikulose beschrieben. Die Erkrankung war klinisch durch Inappetenz, pfeifende Atemgeräusche, Exophthalmus, Lymphknotenschwellung im Kopf- und Halsbereich sowie Lähmung der Hinterhand im Endstadium gekennzeichnet. Pathologisch-anatomisch fanden sich generalisierte Schwellung der Körper- und Organlymphknoten, tumorartige Herde im Herzmuskel, in der Interkostal- und Longissimusmuskulatur und im Nierenhilus sowie Milzschwellung. Histologisch war die Retikulose durch generalisierte und systematisierte Wucherung retikulo-histiozytärer Zellen in der Mehrzahl der Organe mit deutlicher Beziehung zu den Provinzen des retikulo-histiozytären Systems charakterisiert.
Übertragungsversuche mit aviären Myelozytomen (tumorförmige Chloroleukose, s. Chlorome)
Authors: Löliger H. Ch. , Schubert H. J.
Published: March 2010

In serienmässig durchgeführten übertragungsversuchen mit einem aus einer spontanen Myelozytomatose isolierten Leukosestamm gelang es in fast allen Passagen bei einem Teil der Versuchstiere Myelozytome u. Myelozytomatosen zu erzeugen. Die übertragung war sowohl bei Verwendung von Gewebshomogenisatsuspensionen als auch bei Verwendung von zellfreiem Blutplasma erfolgreich. Bei 10,5% von 1335 Versuchstieren entwickelten sich typische Myelozytome und generalisierte Myelozytomatosen, die z. T. aber noch mit anderen Verlaufsformen der myelogenen Leukose vergesellschaftet waren. Die bei 27,1% der Tiere ent-standenen Veränderungen betrafen ausschliesslich andere Leukoseformen, wie Erythroblastose und akute Myelosen, Myeloblastosen und Stammzellenleukose. Die aviären Myelozytome zeigten grosse Ähnlichkeit mit den Chloromen und Chloroleukosen der Menschen und der Säugetiere.

Das Myelozytom gehört als besondere Verlaufsform in den ätiologischen Komplex der myelogenen Leukosen.
Morphologische Untersuchungen zur Virusätiologie der Hepatosplenitis infectiosa strigum)
Authors: Burtscher H. , Schumacher A.
Published: March 2010

Das Virus der Hepatosplenitis infectiosa strigum (HSiS) wurde elektronen-optisch in verschiedenen Organen einer experimentell infizierten Waldohreule und mehrerer als Kulturmedium für das Virus verwendeter Hühnerembryonen nachgewiesen. Seine Entwicklung beginnt im Kern von Retikulum- und Leber-zellen mit der Bildung eines Nukleoids. Noch innerhalb des Zellkernes wird um dieses herum eine erste Schale (Capsid) gebildet. In diesem Stadium wird das Virus aus dem Zellkern in den perinukleären Raum ausgeschleust und erhält dabei eine von der inneren Kernmembran abstammende zweite Schale (Envelope oder Aussenhülle). Das ausgereifte durchschnittlich 140 mμ grosse Virus findet sich im Zytoplasma meist innerhalb von Vakuolen lagernd. Ein elektronenoptisches Äquivalent für die lichtoptisch nachweisbaren Kerneinschlusskörperchen vom Typ A nach Cowdry war nicht sicher nachweisbar. Die hierfür in Frage kommen-den Gründe werden ausführlich diskutiert. Wenn auch auf Grund der angestellten morphologischen Untersuchungen eine Klassifizierung des Virus nicht vorgenommen werden kann, sprechen die erhobenen Befunde doch am ehesten für seine Zugehörigkeit zur Herpes-Gruppe.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen über erbliche Meningocele cerebralis beim Schwein. I. Zuchtversuche und genetische Analyse
Authors: Meyer H. , Trautwein G.
Published: March 2010

In einem Schweinebestand (Rasse Buntes Schwein) wurden nach Ankauf eines neuen Ebers in mehreren Würfen Ferkel mit kongenitalen Kopfmissbildungen in Form von Meningocelen und Meningoencephalocelen beobachtet. In Zuchtversuchen mit diesen Tieren bzw. ihren Nachkommen konnten die Erkrankungen reproduziert werden. Bei der Paarung von Anlageträgern waren von 122 Ferkeln 28 missgebildet (23%), während bei Paarungen von Anlageträgern mit Merkmalsträgern unter 55 Nachkommen 13 missgebildete Ferkel (24%) beobachtet wurden. Die überlebensrate der defekten Ferkel lag unter 50%. Geschlecht, Jahreszeit und Karotingehalt des Futters übten keinen nachhaltigen Einfluss auf Häufigkeit oder Grad der Missbildung aus.

Durch die Zuchtversuche wurde die Erblichkeit der Meningocele bzw. Meningoencephalocele beim Bunten Schwein bewiesen, der Erbgang konnte jedoch nicht geklärt werden.
Histopathogenesis of Porcine Polioencephalomyelitis in the Germ Free Pig
Authors: Holman J. E. , Koestner A. , Kasza L.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-four germ free pigs were used to study the disease produced by oral inoculation of a porcine polioencephalomyelitis virus. Fever and diarrhea were noted in all pigs after the seventh post-inoculation day; neurological signs were generally mild. Lesions of polioencephalomyelitis occurred in all pigs killed 7 or more days following inoculation. The initial lesions were those of neuronal degeneration. Perivascular cuffing, cellular infiltrations, and neuronophagia were most marked 10 to 14 days following inoculation.

The spinal cord and associated dorsal root ganglia were the sites of most severe lesions. A decreasing frequency of lesions was apparent in anterior areas of the brain stem. Changes in the cerebellum and rhinencephalon were sparse and they were rare in the cerebral cortex. Lesions in the adrenal gland were noted during the initial stages of virus infection and suggested a possible extraneural site of virus multiplication. The pathogenesis of central nervous system infection was discussed and the blood vascular system was favored as the portal of viral entry.
Comparative Pathology of Ovarian Neoplasms II. Gonadal Stromal Tumors of Bovine Species
Authors: Norris Henry J. , Taylor Herbert B. , Garner F. M.
Published: March 2010

The clinical and pathologic features of 26 neoplasms derived from gonadal stroma of hovine species were analyzed. Two types were identified-1 a typical granulosa tumor, the other having a Sertoli pattern. The 13 granulosa tumors occurred in adult animals, 2 of which exhibited nymphomania. Nine of the 13 had metastasized by the time of discovery. The Sertoli type of tumor also occurred in adult animals. Estrinizing effects were more common in these, as the endometrium had varying degrees of hyperplasia or thickening in 7 instances, and 1 animal had persistent estrus. None had spread beyond the ovary. The Sertoli type was thought to be more closely related to granulosa tumors than arrhenoblastomas because it was associated with estrinizing rather than virilizing effect, all of them lacked Leydig cells, some had overlapping microscopic patterns with granulosa tumors. and a Sertoli arrangement could be identified that was similar to areas in early graafian follicles and atretic follicles. They merit separation from granulosa tumors because of their distinctive histological pattern and because of their much more benign clinical behavior.
Primary Tumors in the CNS of Carnivores
Authors: Hayes K. C. , Schiefer B.
Published: March 2010

Nineteen primary tumors of the central nervous system from dogs and 4 from cats are described. In the group of dogs, 15 were from brachycephalic breeds and 10 of these were boxers. Their tumors included 3 glioblastomas, 3 oligodendrogliomas, 3 astrocytomas, 3 ependymomas, 2 medulloblastomas, 4 meningiomas, and 1 malignant meningioma. One ependymoma and 1 meningioma were located in the spinal cord. The 4 neoplasms from cats were meningiomas.
Generalised Amyloidosis in Seven Cats
Authors: Clark Leigh , Seawright A. A.
Published: March 2010

Seven casts of generalised amyloidosis in the cat, occurring in 100 consecutive cat autopsies, were studied pathologically. Tissues from 2 of the cats were further investigated using the electron microscope. None of the cats had suffered from a prolonged infection, but one had had chronic allergic dermatitis. In 6 of the 7 cats chronic hypervitaminosis A coexisted with generalised amyloidosis. It is suggested that chronic hypervitaminosis A, which causes prolonged stimulation of the reticulo-endothelial system, may have predisposed to the high incidence of generalised amyloidosis reported in this paper.
The Pathology of Natural Fasciola hepatica Infection in Cattle
Authors: Rahko Timo
Published: March 2010

The pathology of bovinc livers during the parenchymal and chronic phases of natural Fasciola hepatica infections is described. Immature infections occurred from September to the middle of January. Significant changes of the hepatic parenchyma caused by immature flukes occurred in association with large migrational tracks. The changes included frequent thrombosis and haemorrhages, extensive disintegration and coagulative necrosis of hepatic cells, and abundant infiltrates of inflammatory cells. In chronic infections the proliferation and destruction of the mucosa of main bile ducts were pronounced. Normal mast cells were lacking in the portal areas surrounding fresh migrational tracks. In chronically infected livers mast cells occurred in great numbers.
Vergleichende licht- and elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am übertragbaren venerischen Sarkom und Histiozytom des Hundes
Authors: Drommer W. , Schulz L. -Cl.
Published: March 2010

Durch vergleichende licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am übertragbaren venerischen Sarkom und Histiozytom des Hundes, können verschiedene morphologische Unterscheidungsmerkmale aufgezeigt werden. Lichtmikroskopisch sind beim venerischen Sarkom deutliche Zellabgrenzungen und zahlreiche Mitosen (5,31 ± 2,58 pro Blickfeld bei 320facher Vergrösserung), beim Histiozytom meist nicht sichtbare Zellgrenzen und wenige Mitosen (1,39 ± 1,96 pro Blickfeld bei 320facher Vergrösserung) zu beobachten. Die Differenz der Mitosenmittelwerte beider Tumoren ist hoch significant p < 0,001. Elektronen-mikroskopisch lässt das venerische Sarkom eine typische Anordnung der Mikrovilli erkennen, indem in schmalen Interzellularspalten zahlreiche, incinander verflochtene und der Zellmembran dicht anliegende mikrovilliartige Ausstülpungen zu finden sind, die das Bild eines interzellulären Lamellensystems vermitteln. Diese Anordnung der Mikrovilli, die beim Histiozytom niemals zu beobachten ist, wird für die lichtmikroskopisch deutliche Zellabgrenzung beim venerischen Sarkom verantwortlich gemacht. Weiterhin zeigt das Histiozytom im Gegensatz zum venerischen Sarkom häulig eine hochgradige vesikuläre Transformation des glatten endoplasmatischen Retikulums und eine paranukleäre Lagerung der Zyto-plasmaorganellen.
Effects of a Pathogenic Canine Herpesvirus on Established Thyroid Adenocarcinoma Cell Cultures
Authors: Johnson G. R. , Koestner A. , Kindig O. , Shadduck J. A.
Published: March 2010

The effects of a pathogenic canine herpesvirus were studied sequentially in established canine thyroid adenocarcinoma tissue culture cells. The lesions were defined as early, middle, and late manifestations of viral effects based on the time a lesion first appeared. The early phase (3 to 10 hours) consisted of nucleolar swelling followed by disruption. The nucleolar changes were characterized by loss of RNA as determined with acridine orange and segregation of the nucleolar components as demonstrated by electron microscopy. The middle phase (10 to 34 hours) was characterized by the appearance of three types of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. One type of inclusion appeared to transform progressively into another. The appearance of viral antigen in the nucleus as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, correlated with ultrastructural evidence of viral replication. The late phase (34 to 72 hours) was manifested by cellular degeneration and viral release into the cytoplasm.
Intradural Spinal Lipoma in an Experimental Swine
Authors: Johnson D. F. , Brown D. G.
Published: March 2010

A lesion designated as an intradural spinal lipoma was characterized by evident origin within the pia mater and by composition of well-differentiated adipose tissue with some fibrous stroma. Increased pial thickness and fibrous proliferation from the pia mater into the underlying neural tissue accompanied the neoplasm. No attachment of this growth to either the arachnoid or the dura mater could be discerned at any site examined. Since arachnoidal cells were not observed as components, the neoplastic tissue was not considered to be a variant of the meningioma.
Protothecosis in a Dog
Authors: Van Kruiningen H. J. , Garner F. M. , Schiefer B.
Published: March 2010

This is the first report of a spontaneous case of protothecosis in the dog, an infection with organisms of the algal genus Prototheca. Clinically the animal had chronic bilateral iritis accompanied by glaucoma of one eye and hypotony of the other, chronic nephritis, arthritis, and bloody diarrhea. Lesions containing the algae occurred in myocardium, liver, kidneys, para-adrenal connective tissue, brain, and eyes.
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma in a Sykes Monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis)
Authors: Price Robert A. , Powers Robert D.
Published: March 2010

The gross and microscopic characteristics are described of a reticulum cell sarcoma found in a Sykes monkey during the course of 112 postmortem examinations of monkeys.
The Pathogenesis, Route of Migration, and Development of Crenosoma vulpis in the Dog
Authors: Stockdale P. H. G. , Hulland T. J.
Published: March 2010

In the dog infective larvae of Crenosoma vulpis migrate from the stomach to the lungs via the hepatic portal vein, hepatic parenchyma, hepatic vein, heart, and pulmonary circulation, arriving in the lungs as early as 6 h after infection. Third-stage larvae induce the formation of necrotic foci throughout the liver during the first 24 h after infection. The discarded cuticles of the third-stage larvae elicit granulomata which become the centre of foci of interstitial pneumonia. Adult C. vulpis cause bronchitis and bronchiolitis.
Nephropathy and Edema Syndrome Induced in Miniature Swine by Corn Cultures of Penicillium viridicatum
Authors: Carlton William W. , Tuite John
Published: March 2010

Nephropathy and a syndrome of edema were produced in miniature swine by cultures of Penicillium viridicatum grown on autoclaved corn. The dried and ground cultures were mixed at a 50% concentration with a commercial pig feed. After a few days of feeding, the pigs became depressed, developed anorexia, posterior paresis, elevated blood urea nitrogen levels, proteinuria, and glycosuria. Gross lesions included subcutaneous edema, ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and mesenteric edema. Perirenal edema with accumulation of variable amounts of bloody fluid between renal capsule and parenchyma was a remarkable feature of the toxicosis. Microscopic lesions included edema of various tissues and degenerative changes in the kidney.
Ganglioneuroma of the Adrenal Medulla in Rats A Report of 3 cases
Authors: Todd Glen C. , Pierce Emmett C. , Clevinger William G.
Published: March 2010

Three cases of ganglioneuroma of the adrenal medulla from Wistar-derived rata were described. These tumor were similar histologically, composed of large ganglion cells and nerve fibers. Associated with one of the ganglioneuromas was a well-differentiated pheochromocytoma.
Liposarcoma in a Dog
Authors: Zwicker G.M.
Published: March 2010

A middle-aged female mongrel dog became progressively thinner and developed a large, moderately firm, pale yellow, multinodular tumor, without obvious encapsulation behind the right shoulder between the cutaneous trunci and Intissimus dorsi muscles. Histologically the tumor teas a liposarcoma.
Visceral Leishmaniosis in a Fenner Fox (Fennecus zerda)
Authors: Conroy James D. , Levine Norman D. , Small Erwin
Published: March 2010

Visceral leishmaniosis presumably due to Leishmonia donovani was found in a fennce fox ( Fennecus Zerda) from northern Africa. The parasite was identified by light and electron-microscopic studies of fixed tissues after the host had died of the disease. The tissue reaction was characterized by proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells. This is apparently the first report of Leishmania in the fennec fox.
Carcinoma of the Horn in a Cryptorchid Bull
Authors: Naik S.N. , Randelia H.P. , Dabholkar R.D
Published: March 2010

The first histologically confirmed case of carcinoma of the horn in a bilaterally cryptorchid Malvi bull, detected during an epidemiological survey, is reported. Examinations of 78,024 bullocks and 1,468 bulls, belonging to 7 different Zebu breeds revealed horn cancer in 793 bullocks and 1 cryptorchid bull but not in a normal bull. Histologically cryptorchid testes were devoid of spermatogenesis and had hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The remnant of castrated testes had only seminiferous tubules with coagulative necrosis and were devoid of spermatogenesis and Leydig cells. The significant difference in the incidence of HC in bullocks and cows and its absence in bulls is discussed in the light of the role of hormone in the causation of HC.
Mastocytoma in a Pig
Authors: Migaki G. , Langheinrich K. A.
Published: March 2010

Mastocytomas of the skin of the lower jaw were found in an 8-month-old slaughtered pig. The neoplasms had granules characteristic of mast cells, were localized in the cutaneous tissue, and had not metastasized.
Origin of the Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk from the Right Ventricle in a Horse
Authors: Vitums Arturs
Published: March 2010

A malformation of the heart and great vessels, in which the aorta and the pulmonary trunk originated from the right ventricle, has been reported in a 1 1/2 year-old horse. It is suggested that the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle was ejected through a large septal defect into the right ventricle where partial mixture of the blood took place. The function of the right ventricle was to pump the blood into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The muscular ridge, which was interposed between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, might have directed a portion of the predominately oxygenated blood into the aorta and a portion of the predominately venous blood into the pulmonary trunk.
A Canine Venereal Tumor with Metastasis to the Brain
Authors: Adams Eugene W. , Slaughter Lynnard J.
Published: March 2010

A naturally occurring malignant canine venereal tumor in the vagina of a mature Collie dog did not regress following surgical intervention. The tumor progressed fatally over a period of 5 weeks and metastasized to the inguinal and iliac lymph nodes, spleen, eye, and brain. It had a modal number of 60 chromosomes of which 17 were metacentric.
Adenoviral Infection in Suckling Arabian Foals
Authors: McChesney A. E. , England J. J. , Adcock J. K. , Stackhouse L. L. , Chow T. L.
Published: March 2010

A fatal adenoviral infection was recently recognized in suckling Arabian foals from Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Affected foals had clinical signs of pneumonia accompanied by fever, absolute lymphopenia, and neutropenia. Characteristic lesions with typical adenoviral inclusions occurred in respiratory epithelium of all cases. Other tissues with significant changes and inclusion bodies were conjuctiva, urinary mucosa, pancreas, and salivary glands. Lymphoid follicular atrophy and hepatic degeneration were frequent but were not accompanied by inclusions.
Vacuolated Villous Epithelium of the Small Intestine of Young Pigs (with color plate I)
Authors: Moon H. W.
Published: March 2010

The villous epithelium of the small intestine from healthy pigs, killed during their first month of life, was examined. There were occasional vacuolated epithelial cells throughout the small intestine in most pigs; however, the occurrence of vacuolated epithelium (vacuolated epithelial cells in a continous layer along at least the distal 10% of all villi on the mesenteric side of a histological section) was related to area in the intestine and age of the pig. Ileal epithelium was vacuolated in nearly all pigs examined during their first 2 weeks of life; however, the frequency of vacuolated ileal epithelium was less in pigs examined during their third and still less in those examined during their fourth week of life. Jejunal epithelium was vacuolated less frequently than ileal epithelium and was not seen in pigs more than 11 days old. Vacuolated duodenal epithelium was not seen. Vacuolated ileal epithelium, in suckling pigs during their second week of life, was morphologically similar to that associated with absorption of colostrum in the neonate and took up bovine colostral whey pinocytotically. In contrast to unvacuolated epithelium, vacuolated epithelium stained supravitally with Evans blue dye given orally. Vacuolated ileal epithelial cells examined by autoradiography after exposure to tritiated thymidine had synthesized DNA more than 3 days previously. These observations were compared with reports that considered vacuolated epithelium, in 2 to 3-week-old pigs, to be pathologic. A hypothesis relating vacuolation to age of ileal cells was proposed.
Comparative Cytopathology of Newcastle Disease Virus: Use of Ferritin-Labeled Antibody on Allantoic and Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Cheville N. F. , Beard C. W. , Heminover J. A.
Published: March 2010

Cytopathology and virion structure were compared in tissues of chicken chorioallantois and intestine infected with four Newcastle-disease-virus (NDV) strains of differing virulence and tissue tropism. Virions of the recently isolated enterotropic Ulster and viscerotropic 219 strains did not differ structurally from established NDV strains B1 and GB. A ferritin-labeled anti-NDV globulin combined with virions of all strains. In chorioallantoic membranes, the Bl and Ulster strains replicated by budding from surface allantoic epithelial cells. The GB and 219 strains replicated throughout the membrane and produced extensive necrosis; they also had a greater tendency to replicate in and damage vascular tissues. Lesions in intestine were not seen by histologic, immunofluorescent, or ultrastructural examination in control and Bl infections. The Ulster strain replicated in epithelium of the anterior intestine; viral antigens were present chiefly in the duodenum. In contrast, GB and 219 strains replicated in the submucosa of the posterior gut and induced severe enteritis with lymphoid necrosis, vasculitis, histiocytosis, and hemorrhage.
Ultrastructure of Canine Carotid Body and Aortic Body Tumors Comparison with Tissues of Thyroid and Parathyroid Origin
Authors: Cheville N. F.
Published: March 2010

The microscopic structure of canine carotid and aortic body neoplasms was compared with that of other lesions of the neck and thorax. Carotid and aortic body adenomas consisted of clusters of large, polyhedral cells whose cytoplasm was filled with dense, membrane-bound granules and which lacked the normal relationship to sustentacular, nerve, and vascular cells. Unlike an ectopic thyroid adenoma, they had no thyroid follicles, PAS-stained cytoplasmic granules, acidic mucopolysaccharide foci, or dense tubules within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Cells of the aortic body carcinoma were less differentiated than those of the adenoma. They contained fewer dense granules but had greater numbers of microfibrils and Golgi vesicles. Degeneration and necrosis of neoplastic tissue exaggerated differences from the adenomas. Cells from the metastatic tumor (pleural carcinomatosis) did not differ significantly from those of the primary tumor. Cells from thyroid and parathyroid lesions were significantly different ultrastructurally from those of carotid and aortic body tumors. Cells of the ectopic thyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma resembled normal follicular cells but were larger and contained characteristic PAS-stained granules and arrays of intracisternal microtubules. The parathyroid adenoma cells had few organelles; the dominant cytoplasmic structures were aggregates of membranes and residual bodies filled with lipofuscin.
Aortic Body Tumor in a White Rat
Authors: Trevino G. S. , Nessmith W. B.
Published: March 2010

An aortic body tumor was found in a 3-year-old male albino rat. Among 2,552 tumors reported by other authors in 2,152 rats, no mention of aortic body tumor was found in the literature surveyed. Cytologic and histogenetic features of chemodectomas in general, and of this tumor in particular, are presented.
Ectopic Pancreas in the Liver of a Rat
Authors: Briziarelli G. , Tornaben J. A.
Published: March 2010

Aberrant pancreatic tissue is not rarely encountered in man but has seldom been reported in the lower animals. It has been described in a domestic cat, a cynomologus monkey and in dogs. Among the several thousands of rats he examined, Barron found only one instance of aberrant pancreatic tissue which was seen in the duodenal submucosa. The present report is the first description of aberrant pancreatic tissue in the liver of a rat.
Hepatoma in a Mangabey (Cercocebus atys)
Authors: Clark J. D. , Olsen R. E.
Published: March 2010

A male sooty mangabey that died suddenly had a tumor that had metastasized to the lung and omentum. The tumor was composed of well-differentiated epithelial cells that were similar to normal hepatic parenchymal tissue. It was diagnosed as a hepatoma.
Das anaplastische Lungenkarzinom des Hundes
Authors: Stünzi H.
Published: March 2010

Of 86 canine pulmonary tumors five had the histological criteria of undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma and two of undifferentiated large-cell carcinoma. The five small-cell anaplastic careinomas could be divided, as is the case in man, according to strict histological criteria into fusiform, lymphocyte-like, and polygonal subgroups. In the fusiform and round-cell subgroups there were focal sites of equivocal differentiation towards epidermoid careinoma or adenocarcinoma. These local changes must be considered in making a diagnosis, but it was not possible to positively determine the behavior of anaplastic, epidermoid or glandular carcinomas. The classification of pulmonary carcinomas of domestic animals has significance not only for experimental oncology but also for clarification of the cause of pulmonary neoplasia. Anaplastic pulmonary carcinomas have not been found in the cat.
Chlorellosis in a Lamb
Authors: Cordy D. R.
Published: March 2010

Bright green necrotic lesions were seen in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of a slaughtered lamb. The lesions contained numerous organisms that had the morphology, staining properties, and mode of division typical of both Chlorella and Prototheca. The presence of pigment, presumably chlorophyll, suggests that the organisms were indeed Chlorella.
Besnoitia bennetti in Two Mexican Burros
Authors: Terrell T. G. , Stookey J. L.
Published: March 2010

Besnoitia bennetti infection was detected in two Mexican burros from a closed herd of 15 animals in Maryland. Cystic stages, which were about 1.0 mm in diameter, were found in the testicle of a male and in the skin of the perineum and teat of a female. The superficial location of the cysts on the teat suggests the potential for traumatic rupture and oral transmission during nursing by a foal. The wall of the cysts was 10–15 μm thick and consisted of four layers, the outer of which was birefringent. Within each cyst was a mass of organisms each about 1–2 by 5 μm. Various histochemical stains were used. This is the first confirmed diagnosis and report of natural infection with B. bennetti originating within the United States.
Neurovisceral Glucocerebroside Storage (Gaucher's Disease) in a Dog
Authors: Hartley W. J. , Blakemore W. F.
Published: March 2010

An 8-month-old Sydney Silky dog that was ataxic and hyperkinetic was found to have a neurovisceral storage disease. Typical Gaucher cells were seen in the liver, lymph nodes and cerebellum, but not in the spleen. Ultrastructurally, the storage bodies in Gaucher cells contained tubular structures, and many neurones contained laminated cytosomes. accumulations of a ‘wispy’ material and rarely tubular material. Chemically, the liver and brain contained glucocerebroside.
Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs. II. Pathology
Authors: Szczech G. M. , Carlton W. W. , Tuite J.
Published: March 2010

The gross lesions in 23 young male Beagle dogs given daily oral doses of 0.2–3.0 mg/kg body weight ochratoxin A consisted of moderate to severe mucohemorrhagic enteritis of the cecum, colon, and rectum; tonsillitis: and enlargement of lymph nodes, which were edematous, hyperemic and focally necrotic. Histopathologic alterations in the kidneys consisted of necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells mainly in, but not limited to, proximal convoluted tubules. Many proximal and distal convoluted tubules contained eosinophilic, granular casts. Necrosis of lymphoid tissues was a prominent feature of the mycotoxicosis and focally occurred in, but was not limited to, germinal centers in the spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes and the lymphoid nodules of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum and nictitating membrane. Necrosis did not occur in bone marrow. Hepatic alterations consisted of slight to moderate centrilobular necrosis and fatty change and occurred mainly in dogs receiving 0.2–0.3 mg/kg body weight ochratoxin A daily for 11–14 days.