bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Media Applications on Youth Purchasing Decision at the University of Jordan
Authors: Shamieh Basma , Shehada Mohamad
Published: June 2020

The research aims to find out “The Influence of Social Media Applications on Youth Purchasing Decision at the University of Jordan”. The data was collected using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 100 students at the University of Jordan via WhatsApp and Facebook pages. The response rate consisted of 88 respondents and the valid ones were 81. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to find out the influence of social media applications on the youth purchasing decisions. The paper finds that there is a significant influence of the popular used social media applications (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, YouTube, and WhatsApp) on the youth purchasing decisions at the University of Jordan.
Contribution de lâ€™Autonomisation des Femmes au DÃ©veloppement Humain dans lâ€™UEMOA
Authors: EllÃ© Amel Adon , AbbÃ© Hermann
Published: June 2020

Lâ€™objectif de cette Ã©tude est de vÃ©rifier lâ€™existence dâ€™un lien entre lâ€™autonomisation des femmes et le dÃ©veloppement humain dans les pays de la zone UEMOA. Pour ce faire, lâ€™analyse est basÃ©e sur la MÃ©thode des Moments GÃ©nÃ©ralisÃ©s (MMG) appliquÃ©e aux huit (08) pays de lâ€™UEMOA sur la pÃ©riode de 2001â€“2015 en donnÃ©es de panel. Les rÃ©sultats mettent en Ã©vidence que la population active fÃ©minine, lâ€™inscription des filles Ã  lâ€™Ã©cole secondaire et la participation des femmes parlementaires agissent positivement et significativement sur lâ€™IDH, ce qui contribuerait Ã  une amÃ©lioration du dÃ©veloppement humain. Par ailleurs cet article montre que lâ€™indice dâ€™inÃ©galitÃ©s de genre agit Ã©galement positivement et non significativement sur lâ€™IDH. Ainsi, cette Ã©tude suggÃ¨re quâ€™une rÃ©duction de lâ€™indice dâ€™inÃ©galitÃ©s de genre pourrait agir de maniÃ¨re significative sur lâ€™Indice du DÃ©veloppement Humain.
This paper focuses on verifying the existence of a link between the empowerment of women and human development in countries of the WAEMU zone. To do this, the analysis is based on the Generalized Moment Method (GMM) applied to the eight (8) WAEMU countries over the period 2001â€“2015 in panel data. The results show that the female workforce, the enrolment of girls in secondary school, and the participation of women parliamentarians have a positive and significant impact on the HDI, contributing to an improvement in human development. This paper further shows that the gender inequality index also acts positively and not significantly on the HDI. This study suggests that a reduction in the index of gender inequalities could have a significant effect on the Human Development Index.
Influence Du Mode Dâ€™hÃ©bergement Et Des Conditions De Vie Des ElÃ¨ves Sans Tuteurs Sur Le Rendement Scolaire : Cas Du Premier Cycle Du LycÃ©e Moderne De DananÃ© (CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire)
Authors: Mathias Agossou Kouakou
Published: June 2020

Cette Ã©tude a pour objectif dâ€™analyser la relation entre les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves sans tuteurs dâ€™hÃ©bergement et leurs rendements scolaires. Les techniques de recherches utilisÃ©es sont la recherche documentaire et lâ€™enquÃªte par questionnaire. La mÃ©thode dâ€™analyse quantitative a Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©e sur Ã©chantillon stratifiÃ© de 530 Ã©lÃ¨ves. Les rÃ©sultats issus des analyses statistiques montrent que les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves basÃ©es sur le mode dâ€™hÃ©bergement nâ€™a pas dâ€™influence sur le rendement scolaire des Ã©lÃ¨ves en ce qui concerne la satisfaction des besoins en manuels scolaires, lâ€™organisation personnelle de lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve et lâ€™utilisation de rÃ©pÃ©titeur par lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve. En revanche, les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves basÃ©es sur le mode dâ€™hÃ©bergement a une influence sur le rendement scolaire en ce qui concerne la satisfaction des besoins dâ€™alimentation, le sentiment dâ€™Ãªtre aimÃ© de ses parents et lâ€™idÃ©e que se fait lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve sur la qualitÃ© de ses rapports avec son environnement humain immÃ©diat. Ces rÃ©sultats appellent Ã  des interventions multiformes Ã  plusieurs niveaux du systÃ¨me Ã©ducatif ivoirien.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the living conditions of students without accommodation tutors and their academic performance. The research techniques used are documentary research and questionnaire surveys. The quantitative analysis method was used on a stratified sample of 530 students. The results from the statistical analyzes show that the living conditions of the students based on the type of accommodation does not influence the academic performance of the students with regard to meeting the needs for textbooks, personal organization and the student's use of a repeater. On the other hand, the living conditions of students based on the type of accommodation has an influence on academic performance with regard to satisfying feeding needs, the feeling of being loved by one's parents and the idea that makes the student about the quality of his relationships with his immediate human environment. These results call for multifaceted interventions on several levels of the Ivorian education system.
An Integrated QFD-FEA Framework for Evaluation of Nigeria Garment Designs
Authors: Opaleye Adepeju A. , Kolawole Adekunle , Opaleye Muyiwa A.
Published: June 2020

Consumersâ€™ perceived quality of imported product has been an impediment to business in the Nigeria garment industry. To improve patronage of made- in-Nigeria garment designs, the first step is to understand what the consumer expects, then proffer ways to meet this expectation through product redesign or improvement of the garment mass production process. The purpose of this study is to investigate drivers of consumersâ€™ value for typical Nigerian garment design (NGD). Using survey data from 522 respondents, an integrated quality function deployment (QFD) and functional, expressive and aesthetic (FEA) Consumer Needs methodology helps to minimize incorrect understanding of potential consumerâ€™s requirements in mass produced garments. Out of the sixteen identified quality characteristics, six themes emerged as drivers of consumerâ€™s satisfaction: (1) Style variety (2) Dimensions (3) Finishing (4) Fabric quality (5) Garment Durability and (6) Aesthetics. Existing NGD is found to lead foreign designs in terms of its acceptance for informal events, style variety and fit while there is a need for improvement of other quality characteristics. Local designers may consider adoption of QFD-FEA framework to improve quality of NGD, overall customerâ€™s acceptance and NGD mass production process. A conceptual model of NGD acceptance in the context of consumerâ€™s inherent characteristics, social and the business environment is proposed.
The International System:Why the United Nations Climate Change Approach Has Failed
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: June 2020

Commentators discussing the COVID-19 pandemic are at present arguing that climate change is problematic and will eventually receive similar state reaction as the COVID-19 pandemic (Pettersson 2020, RockstrÃ¶m2020)s these events have changed our state of mind. In the views of the author, this is erroneous and overly wishful thinking. This paper will show why this is the case and point out the fallacies of such hopes. COVID-19 requires a rational response with true knowledge and massive state expenditures. Governing an enormous internality. Global warming on the other hand is an ocean externality, where the rational response from the worldâ€™s major polluters is to delay the United Nations process and to cheat with the fulfilment of emissions reduction agreements. The purpose of this article is to examine the big pollutersâ€™ lukewarm orientation towards UN efforts against climate change in further detail.
Analyse Des Situations ProblÃ©matiques De Quelques Manuels Scolaires En Rapport Avec lâ€™Ecologie Et lâ€™Education Relative Ã€ lâ€™Environnement Dans Les Programmes Des Sections Internationales Du BaccalaurÃ©at Marocain, SVT-Option FranÃ§ais
Authors: Bekhat Bouchra , Madrane Mourad , Janati-Idrissi Rachid , Zerhane Rajae , Laafou Mohamed
Published: June 2020

DÃ©sormais, les sociÃ©tÃ©s seront confrontÃ©es Ã  des problÃ¨mes de dÃ©veloppement, de surpopulation et dâ€™environnement qui impliqueraient de la part du citoyen des compÃ©tences et des prÃ©dispositions aptes Ã  permettre une approche critique de ces problÃ¨mes. Lâ€™Ã©cole et les actions Ã©ducatives seraient les seuls garants dâ€™une Ã©ducation Ã  lâ€™environnement susceptibles de dÃ©velopper des valeurs et des habilitÃ©s permettant le dÃ©veloppement de comportements favorables Ã  la protection et Ã  la prÃ©servation des milieux naturels. Cependant, le constat gÃ©nÃ©ral montre un Ã©cart important entre les objectifs visÃ©s et la qualitÃ© des actions Ã©ducatives rÃ©ellement dÃ©ployÃ©es. Pour ses actions, le travail menÃ© est relatif Ã  la nature et Ã  lâ€™Ã©valuation de la pertinence didactique des textes introductifs ou situations problÃ©matiques proposÃ©s par diffÃ©rents manuels en rapport avec des thÃ©matiques Ã©cologiques et environnementales. Il vise, de ce fait, une analyse critique de ces textes, et ce pour dÃ©cortiquer leurs contenus et leur pertinence didactique relativement aux objectifs visÃ©s de problÃ©matisation et dâ€™enseignement. Aussi la mÃ©thodologie adoptÃ©e est-elle fondÃ©e principalement sur lâ€™analyse des contenus. Les rÃ©sultats obtenus aboutissent Ã  la conclusion selon laquelle ces situations problÃ¨mes et ces textes introductifs ne peuvent pas constituer des documents didactiques pertinents pour motiver et mettre en oeuvre des actions Ã©ducatives efficaces en rapport avec les objectifs de lâ€™Ã©ducation relative Ã  lâ€™environnement.
Societies are faced with development, overpopulation, and environmental problems which imply on the part of the citizen certain competences and predispositions. This has led to a critical approach of these problems. School and educational actions would be the only guarantors of an environmental educationwhich is likely to develop values and skills that allow the development of favourable behaviours for the protection and the preservation of the natural environments. The general observation shows an important difference between the objectives and the quality of the educational actions deployed. This paper focuses on a critical analysis of these texts in order to dissect their content and their didactic relevance to the objectives of teaching. The methodology adopted is based mainly on content analysis. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that such situations and introductory texts cannot constitute relevant didactic documents to motivate and implement effective educational actions which are related to the objectives of environmental education.
Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oil of Syzygium Aromaticum and its Antimicrobial Activity Against A Probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus
Authors: Fuentes Jhunior Abrahan MarcÃ­a , Fernandez Ismael Montero , Aleman Ricardo Santos , Maldonado Selvin Antonio Saravia , Roger Leonardo Flores , Funez Nelys Herrera , ChavarrÃ­a Leonardo Antonio , Kayanush Aryana
Published: June 2020

Eugenol is the main constituent of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil. It is liquid and oily in consistency, light yellow, with a characteristic aroma, slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. In addition, it is considered an essential oil of high antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant capability. Studies related to its effect on probiotic bacteria are scanty. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of clove essential oil and the antimicrobial influence of clove extract from clove on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophillus. Among the main constituents in clove essential oil, eugenol stands out with 79.47%, Î²- cariophilene with 7.67% and Î±-humulene with 2.65%. L. acidophilus was inoculated in MRS Sorbitol agar containing 0%, 0.1, 0.50, 1, 2 and 3% essential oil and incubated for 0, 24 and 48 h. Pour plates were incubated anaerobically at 35Â°C Â± 1Â°C for 48 h. A colony counter was used to enumerate bacteria. The clove extract showed an inhibitory effect against L. acidophillus from concentrations greater than 1%, but at concentration less than 1% essential oil did not adversely influence growth of L. acidophilus. The inoculation time at 0 h showed significantly highest counts compared to 24 h and 48 h which had counts not significantly different from each other. Although counts were lowered, L acidophilus survived the 48 h exposure. Clove essential oil use and L. acidophilus probiotic benefit can both be had when essential is used at less than 1%.
Assessment of Discharge Planning Process and Quality of Care in the Emergency Department of Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mohammed Iddrisu , Christophe Oppong Kwaku , Alem John Ndebugri , Linda Norman
Published: June 2020

Discharge planning is the transition of patient care from the hospital setting to home, primary care provider or the community and effective discharge planning is crucial in enhancing patient recovery as it is an integral part of patient care. Poor implementation of discharge planning is associated with varying consequences for both the individual patient/family and the health system as a whole. Again, there is the challenge of the general public's perception of a dwindling standard of care by nurses and the general lowering of standards in Ghana. This study, therefore, sought to assess the discharge planning process and quality of care in the Emergency Department (ED) of Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). With a cross-sectional study design, 370 discharged patients were selected from the emergency department using a consecutive sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), was used to analyse the data. Descriptive results took the form of frequencies, percentage distribution, means and, standard deviations and presented in tables and figures. A bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was also done to establish the relationship between structure, discharge planning and quality of care. The findings from the study revealed a good practice of the discharge planning process (26.46, SD = 3. 41) and high quality of care (57.26, SD = 8.30). There was also a statistically significant positive relationship between discharge planning and quality of care and the same was established between the structure of the ED and quality of care. These findings imply a good implementation of the discharge planning process and demonstrate that the public outcry about the poor quality of nursing care in Ghana is a mere perception but not a reality. There is, therefore, the need for a sensitization programme to educate the general public on what constitutes the quality of care in our healthcare delivery system.
GÃ©omorphologie Dynamique: Analyse SystÃ©mique De La Morphodynamique Hydrique Continentale Par Ravinement
Authors: Sow Seydou Alassane
Published: June 2020

Lâ€™histoire de la gÃ©omorphologie a connu une grande rÃ©volution paradigmatique avec les travaux de WiliamMoris Davis. Il a dÃ©fini le systÃ¨me gÃ©omorphologique comme lâ€™ensemble de toutes les formes de la surface de la terre subissant des transformations et Ã©tant la fonction des trois variantes : structure, processus et temps. Cependant, le positionnement dâ€™emblÃ©e des rÃ©flexions gÃ©omorphologiques dans lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique conduit Ã  Ã©largir les problÃ©matiques du champ disciplinaire de cette science. Dans le cas de la gÃ©omorphologie dynamique, ce type dâ€™analyse conduit Ã  concevoir des recherches intÃ©grÃ©es au sein des bassins versants afin de mieux mettre en lumiÃ¨re certains processus morphodynamiques. En lâ€™absence de zone dâ€™Ã©tude prÃ©cise, lâ€™Ã©tude est basÃ©e sur un balayage des connaissances bibliographiques Ã  travers le domaine continental dans sa globalitÃ©. Ainsi, lâ€™article montre que lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique demeure une approche efficace pour lire en intÃ©gralitÃ© le fonctionnement des processus morpodynamiques hydriques continentales en gÃ©omorphologie, en particulier le ravinement. La caractÃ©risation du ravinement sur un bassin versant grÃ¢ce Ã  lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique doit se fonder sur trois caractÃ©ristiques essentielles : hydrologique, morphogÃ©nique et anthropique. Chaque critÃ¨re correspondant Ã  lâ€™une des notions gÃ©ographiques fondamentales : Temps, Espace et SociÃ©tÃ©.
The history of geomorphology has undergone a great paradigmatic revolution with the work of Wiliam Moris Davis. He defined the geomorphological system as the set of all forms of the earthâ€™s surface undergoing transformation and being the function of three variants: structure, process and time. However, the immediate positioning of geomorphological reflections in systemic analysis leads to widening the problems of the disciplinary field of this science. In the case of dynamic geomorphology, this type of analysis leads to the design of integrated research within watersheds in order to better highlight certain morphodynamic processes. In the absence of a precise study area, the study is based on a sweeping of bibliographic knowledge across the continental domain as a whole. Thus, the article shows that systemic analysis remains an effective approach to fully read the functioning of continental water morphological processes in geomorphology, in particular gullying. The characterization of gullying on a watershed using systemic analysis must be based on three essential characteristics: hydrological, morphogenic and anthropogenic. Each criterion corresponding to one of the fundamental geographic concepts: Time, Space and Society.
Dione di Prusa, Boristenitico (Or. XXXVI), Introduzione, traduzione e commento di Michele Di Febo, con un saggio introduttivo di Giulio A. Lucchetta, Carabba (“Biblioteca del Leonardo. Testi e contesti” 1), Lanciano 2017, pp. 194, ISBN 978-88-634-4506-0
Authors: Curnis Michele
Published: June 2020

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Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Review
Authors: Gouveia Cristina Carvalho , Campos Luís
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, the capital of Central China’s Hubei Province and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization since January 2020.Material and Methods: A comprehensive search using the PubMed database was carried out to summarize the latest published information about the epidemiology, definition, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment options, prognosis and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.Discussion: This new strain of coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enters human cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptors, which exist in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and heart, causing coronavirus disease. Transmission occurs essentially through the respiratory tract and the main symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical and imaging features and confirmed by nucleic acid testing.Conclusion: Despite intensive research, the exact origin of the virus and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease is not yet completely known, and clinically approved vaccines and drugs that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are lacking.
IDENTIFYING UNHEALTHY HOUSES IN KERINCI DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Yudha Gusti , Ramadhan Bimasatyaji Surya , Kalsum Ummi
Published: June 2020

Background: Healthy houses in developing countries are a critical factor in human health, as the increase in population is not balanced by improvements in local community welfare. This has negative impacts on the environment and human health. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify unhealthy houses in Kerinci, Indonesia. Method: This research used a descriptive cross-sectional approach. A survey of 122 houses was conducted to determine the characteristics of houses in Kerinci District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain representative healthy house data, by using four repetitions on each single question to minimize errors. Results: The results showed that 90% of respondents had a high occupant density. A high number of diseases were already experienced by residents in the area. These diseases were an indication that the area could be classified as unhealthy and included diarrhea (20%), acute respiratory infections (ARI; 13%), malaria (10%), skin diseases (15%), and other diseases (29%). Only 12% of the total respondents reported having no diseases. Conclusion: In the Kerinci District, 98% of houses were classified as unhealthy and as having potentially negative impacts on the health of residents. We recommend the government establish regulations to improve the health of houses and increase economic growth in Kerinci District, Indonesia.
PARADIGMA MENTALITAS GURU YANG BERKELIMPAHAN (PROFIL PENDIDIK DI MASA DEPAN)
Authors: Yuhasnil Yuhasnil
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana mentalitas guru di Indonesia dan juga melihat bagaimana profesi pendidik dimata guru itu sendiri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif memberikan gambaran dan keterangan yang secara jelas, objektif, sistematis, analitis dan kritis mengenai mentalitas guru yang terdapat dalam karya Louis V.Gerstner, dkk dalam buku, Reinventing Education dan Harold W. Stevenson dan James W. Stigler, The Learning Gap (1992) . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Profesi guru tetap diagungkan, disanjung, dan dikagumi peran nya. Hanya saja, peran guru dimasa depan, menurut pakar pendidikan dari Amerika Louis V.Gerstner, dkk dalam buku, Reinventing Education (1995) atau Harold W. Stevenson dan James W. Stigler, The Learning Gap (1992) akan berubah , terutama menyangkut pola relasi antara guru dan lingkungan nya , dengan sesama guru, dengan murid, dengan orang tua, dengan kepala sekolah, dengan teknologi, dan dengan kariernya sendiri. Guru dimasa depan lebih tidak tampil sebagai pengajar (teacher); namun dalam bentuk pelatih , konselor, menager belajar, partisipan, pemimpin, pelajar, dan pengarang.Kata Kunci : Profesi Guru, Peran Guru di Masa Depan.
DISENCHANTING THE THEOLOGY OF CHRISTIANITY: THINKING GOD OTHERWISE AND ENDING THE MAGIC OF GREEK WISDON
Authors: Junior Nilo Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

The research aims to reconstruct the expressive contribution of the philosophy of otherness to (re) thinking the status of Christian theology in Latin American lands, as well as the disenchantment of that kind of philosophy. First, it is about evoking the contribution of the wisdom of Love to think Christian theology otherwise in light of a broader background that re-establish the relationship between Judaism and Christianity. Secondly, we intend to explain the impact of the Levinasian approach on the problem of God and its developments in our continent from a theological point of view. Without denying that theology has a discursive character, it is a matter of retaking what the Lithuanian-Frenchman philosopher evokes about the service to the love of the wisdom of love. And by way of conclusion, it is intended to propose some brief notes about the urgency of a poststructuralist turn of Latin American theology in function of the centrality of ethics and their respective languages in the manner of a Canticle of the Canticles.
FALAR DE DEUS COMO HARMONIA SOBRENATURAL: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE DAVID TRACY E SIMONE WEIL
Authors: Lopes Tiago De Freitas
Published: June 2020

Este artigo propõe um diálogo entre David Tracy, teólogo da América do Norte, e Simone Weil, filósofa francesa, acerca do falar de Deus. A ênfase consiste na afirmação Trinitária presente nas mediações entre a) Deus e Deus, que revela a mediação intratrinitária, b) Criador e criatura, que revela a mediação entre Deus, a criação e o ser humano e por fim, c) a mediação entre ser humano e ser humano, que necessariamente passa pela Paixão e Redenção. Após uma breve introdução segue uma apresentação dos autores, suas perspectivas sobre o falar trinitário de Deus e por fim, o diálogo propriamente dito. Conclui-se que a amizade que Deus estabelece com o ser humano é um reflexo do relacionamento trinitário no qual Deus, por meio da cruz, no poder do Espírito, revela-se amando e resgatando o ser humano e a criação por meio de uma harmonia sobrenatural.
RAÍZES E INTENÇÃO DA TRADUÇÃO OFICIAL DA BÍBLIA DA CNBB
Authors: Konings Johan , Eloy e Silva Luis Henrique
Published: June 2020

Este artigo pretende explicar a intenção que presidiu à produção da “tradução oficial” da Bíblia pela Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), bem como o pano de fundo histórico desde as origens da Bíblia como conjunto literário. Na Introdução é mostrado que o Concilio Vaticano II exprimiu o desejo de uma nova tradução latina oficial e de traduções vernáculas nela baseadas. A primeira parte do artigo evoca brevemente o uso de traduções bíblicas desde a constituição da Bíblia no judaísmo e no cristianismo primitivo até a Vulgata de Jerônimo, nos albores do século V. A segunda parte mostra o caminho da Vulgata no cristianismo latino, com ênfase no seu reconhecimento no Concílio de Trento, até a publicação da Nova Vulgata depois do Concílio Vaticano II. Nesta parte mostram-se exemplos das modificações introduzidas em relação a antiga Vulgata em consideração do progresso da crítica textual e da exegese bíblica. A terceira parte explica a elaboração, sob os auspícios da CNBB, de uma versão brasileira baseada nos textos bíblicos em língua original, segundo os critérios da Nova Vulgata, principalmente para a liturgia, a catequese e os documentos oficiais.
A Normalized Mortality Rate Showed the Diverse Severity of COVID-19 and Its Association With Other Chronic Diseases
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Renjith P.R. , Priscilla C. , Kumar Ganesan Selva , Rajesh N.G.
Published: June 2020

Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected, followed by the United States of America. It has taken more than 350000 lives until now. In this study, we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate of Covid-19 and other chronic diseases. The Covid-19 data and “death rate” data caused by other diseases were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths caused by Covid-19 in April 2020 have overtaken the average number of deaths caused by Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases in Belgium, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, France, and Ireland. Covid-19 was found to be strongly correlated with non-communicable respiratory diseases and Cancer with correlation coefficients 0.73 and 0.67 respectively. The severity of Covid-19 in the United States of America (USA) was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be low. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. On average, except for a few European countries, Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable respiratory diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.
Global Comparison of Changes in the Number of Test-Positive Cases and Deaths by Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in the World
Authors: Hisaka Akihiro , Yoshioka Hideki , Hatakeyama Hiroto , Sato Hiromi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Anzai Naohiko
Published: June 2020

Global differences in changes in the numbers of population-adjusted daily test-positive cases (NPDP) and deaths (NPDD) by COVID-19 were analyzed for 49 countries, including developed and developing countries. The changes as a proportion of national population were compared, adjusting by the beginning of test-positive cases increase (BPI) or deaths increase (BDI). Remarkable regional differences of more than 100 fold in NPDP and NPDD were observed. The trajectories of NPDD after BDI increased exponentially within 20 days in most countries. Machine learning analysis suggested that NPDD on 30 days after BDI was the highest in developed Western countries (1180 persons per hundred million), followed by countries in the Middle East (128), Latin America (97), and Asia (7). Furthermore, in Western countries with positive rates of the PCR test of less than 7.0%, the increase in NPDP was slowing-down two weeks after BPI, and subsequent NPDD was only 15% compared with those with higher positive rates, which suggested that the situation of testing might have affected the velocity of COVID-19 spread. The causes behind remarkable differences between regions possibly include genetic factors of inhabitants because distributions of the race and of the observed infection increasing rates were in good agreement globally.
High Mobility Group Box 1 and Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 as New Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with Increased Glucose Toxicity and Atherogenicity and Lower β Cell Function
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Al-Kaabi Qasim Jasim , Maes Michael
Published: June 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased atherogenicity and inflammatory responses, which may be related to increased levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Objective: The role of HMGB1 and DKK1 in T2DM is examined in association with lipid and insulin profiles. Methods: Serum HMGB1 and DKK1 were measured in T2DM with and without hypertension and compared with controls. Results: HMGB1 and DKK1 are significantly higher in T2DM irrespective of hypertension. T2DM was also accompanied by increased atherogenicity indices. HMGB1 and DKK1 are significantly correlated with HbA1c, glucose, indices of insulin resistance, β-cell function, and glucose toxicity, and different atherogenic indices. A large part of the variance in the β-cell index (30.5%) and glucose toxicity (34.8%) was explained by the combined effects of HMGB1 and DKK1 and hypertension. We found that 18.3% of the variance of the atherogenic index of plasma was explained by HMGB1 and DKK1 levels and that 31.2% was explained by glucose toxicity, HMGB1 and body weight. Conclusion: The higher serum HMGB1 and DKK1 levels in T2DM patients and the associations with atherogenicity indicate that low grade inflammation and disorders in the Wnt pathways are associated with T2DM and that both HMGB1 and DKK1 may contribute to increased atherogenicity in T2DM. Moreover, both biomarkers may cause more deficits in β-cell function and increase glucose toxicity leading to the development of more inflammation and diabetic complications. HMGB1 and the Wnt pathways are new drug targets in the treatment of T2DM.
Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption
Authors: Tungmunnithum Duangjai , Drouet Samantha , Kabra Atul , Hano Christophe
Published: June 2020

Nymphaea lotus L. is the medicinal plant that has long been used as food, cosmetic and traditional medicines in Africa and Asia since the ancient time. Its flavonoids and other interesting phytochemical compounds from rhizome, leaf, and the whole flowers have been reported in the previous published researches. However, stamens, which are essential for reproductive functions, may also represent new alternative sources of potential antioxidant flavonoids as investigated in this study. The innovative green chemistry method i.e. ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) as well as macroporous resin (MPR) purification procedure were employed in this current research. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction condition is 90 % (v/v) aqEtOH with 34.65 khz ultrasonic frequency and 46 minutes of extraction time. Comparing with heat reflux extraction (HRE) conventional method, the significant gain of 1.35 total flavonoids content was obtained using optimized USAE conditions, jumping to 2.80 when this USAE associated with MPR purification. Not only in vitro cell free antioxidant activity of N. lotus stamen extracts, but also in cellulo antioxidant investigation using yeast model showed the same trend to indicate that the best antioxidant flavonoid can be found in USAE coupled with MPR purification. Moreover, the key antioxidant genes expression in yeast model such as SIR2 and SOD2 were also expressed at the highest level in yeast cell treated with the extract from USAE together with MPR purification. Consequently, it can be seen that the USAE combined with MPR purification can help to enhance the flavonoids antioxidant potential of the stamens extract from this medicinal species.
Artificial Intelligence and Drones to Combat COVID - 19
Authors: Preethika T , Vaishnavi P , Agnishwar J , Padmanathan K , Umashankar S , Annapoorani S , Subash M , Aruloli K
Published: June 2020

Globally, an approximate of 380,000 patients succumbed to death due to the pandemic COVID-19 which also infected more than six million people since December 2019. Not sparing anyone, COVID-19 infections are widely reported among healthcare professionals, sanitation workers and researchers too while global leaders and various governments are providing their best in defending their citizens against this airborne and contact spread virus. In order to contain the virus and protect millions of lives from this deadly coronavirus, there is a need to have a combination of advanced engineering technology and medical facilities. Application of applied science, engineering and technology diffuse almost every aspect of contemporary living. Grasping the fundamentals to determine humanity's most imperative and forthcoming challenges is essential. Artificial Intelligence, the technology that learns, adapts and reciprocates the actions according to the situations, finds optimum position in the fight against corona virus and acts as a powerful tool against this pandemic. In this research article, the authors discusses how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to fight the deadly virus. The research paper further discusses the efficient utilization of AI across the globe to help in testing, treating and serving the population in these hard times. This manuscript focuses on the potential impact of the process in which AI can be implemented to prevent, test and treat.
Genetic Algorithm: Reviews, Implementations, and Applications
Authors: Alam Tanweer , Qamar Shamimul , Dixit Amit , Benaida Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Nowadays genetic algorithm (GA) is greatly used in engineering pedagogy as an adaptive technique to learn and solve complex problems and issues. It is a meta-heuristic approach that is used to solve hybrid computation challenges. GA utilizes selection, crossover, and mutation operators to effectively manage the searching system strategy. This algorithm is derived from natural selection and genetics concepts. GA is an intelligent use of random search supported with historical data to contribute the search in an area of the improved outcome within a coverage framework. Such algorithms are widely used for maintaining high-quality reactions to optimize issues and problems investigation. These techniques are recognized to be somewhat of a statistical investigation process to search for a suitable solution or prevent an accurate strategy for challenges in optimization or searches. These techniques have been produced from natural selection or genetics principles. For random testing, historical information is provided with intelligent enslavement to continue moving the search out from the area of improved features for processing of the outcomes. It is a category of heuristics of evolutionary history using behavioral science-influenced methods like an annuity, gene, preference, or combination (sometimes refers to as hybridization). This method seemed to be a valuable tool to find solutions for problems optimization. In this paper, the author has explored the GAs, its role in engineering pedagogies, and the emerging areas where it is using, and its implementation.
Flexible Intramedullary Nailing in High-Energy Tibial Fractures With Extensive Soft-Tissue Loss
Authors: Hwang Jung-Mo , Kang Chan , Hwang Deuk-Soo , Lee Gi-Soo , Lee Jeong-Kil , An Byung-Kuk
Published: June 2020

Case Report:

An 83-year-old woman presented with a high-energy tibial fracture. We treated her with temporary external fixation and delayed flexible intramedullary nailing because of extensive soft-tissue damage and interference from the hardware retained from a previous total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusions:

In our opinion, flexible intramedullary nailing is an effective procedure and provides good functional and radiological results in high-energy tibial fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss.
Incidence of Osteomyelitis in Sacral Decubitus Ulcers and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Crespo Alexander , Stevens Nicole M. , Chiu Ernest , Pham Vinh , Leucht Philipp
Published: June 2020

» Stage-4 pressure ulcers are defined as ulcerations that violate the fascia and expose underlying bone, muscle, and tendon.

» Exposed bone is always colonized by bacteria, but this does not necessarily lead to osteomyelitis.

» The rates of osteomyelitis in exposed bone in stage-4 pressure ulcers range from 14% to 86%.

» There has been no evidence that the presence of osteomyelitis leads to higher complication rates following flap coverage.

» There has been no evidence that bone biopsy and preoperative treatment of osteomyelitis have any benefit before flap coverage.
Coupling Microfluidics Data with Core Flooding Experiments to Understand Sulphonated/Polymer Water Injection
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Hincapie Rafael E. , Langanke Nils , Ganzer Leonhard
Published: June 2020

The injection of Sulphonated-smart water (SW) could be an attractive application as it results in the formation of a mechanically rigid oil-water interface, and hence possible higher oil recovery in combination with the polymer. Therefore, detailed experimental investigation and fluid flow analysis through porous media are required to understand the possible recovery mechanisms. This paper evaluates the potential influence of Sulphonated/Polymer water injection in oil recovery by coupling microfluidics and core flooding experiments.

The possible mechanisms are evaluated utilizing a combination of experiments and fluids. Initially, synthetic seawater (SSW) and Sulphonated-Smart water (SW) were optimized to be used in combination with a viscoelastic HPAM polymer. Fluid characterization was achieved by detailed rheological characterization focusing on steady shear and in-situ viscosity. Moreover, single and two-phase core floods and micromodels experiments helped to define the behavior of different fluids. The data obtained was cross-analyzed to draw conclusions on the process effect and performance. First, Sulphonated/polymer water solutions showed a slight decrease in the polymer shear viscosity as compared to the SSW-polymer. Similar behavior was also confirmed in the single-phase core flood-through the differential pressure, looking at the in-situ viscosity. Second, on the one hand, smart water produced only ~3% additional oil recovery as compare to the SSW through micromodel due to improved interfacial viscoelasticity, where no local wettability alteration was observed in the porous media. On the other hand, core flood experiments using SW led to ~12% additional oil as compare to SSW. This excessive extra recovery in core flood compare to micromodel could be due to the combined effect of interfacial viscoelasticity and wettability alteration. Micromodel is coat with a hydrophobic chemical; hence, wettability becomes hard to be altered through SW while in the core flood it is dominated with ionic exchange (local wettability alteration). Finally, a combination of SW with polymer flood can lead to ~6% extra oil as compare to the combination of polymer flood with SSW. Overall, coupling microfluidics with core flooding experiments confirmed that IFV and wettability alteration both are the key recovery mechanisms for SW.

The evaluation confirmed that the main recovery mechanisms of smart-water injection are interfacial viscoelasticity and wettability alteration. Furthermore, it confirmed that the combination of SW with polymer flood could sweep the reservoir efficiently resulting in higher oil recovery. This topic has been addressed in the literature with mixed results encountered.
Methane Hydrate Formation, Storage and Dissociation Behavior in Unconsolidated Sediments in the Presence of Environment-Friendly Promoters
Authors: Pandey Jyoti Shanker , Daas Yousef Jouljamal , von Solms Nicolas
Published: June 2020

Methane hydrate in the porous medium is formed within the pores of the sediments. The presence of a porous medium enhanced the heat transfer, whereas the presence of a hydrate promoter could enhance the mass transfer between the liquid-gas interface. In this study, we have studied the effect of sediment particle size and type of promoter on the kinetics of the methane hydrate formation and dissociation in the combined system. Environment-friendly amino acids (L-valine, L-methionine & L-histidine) and surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate are used as a promoter with four different particle sizes (46.4-245 μm, 160-630μm, 480-1800μm, 1400-5000μm) silica sand. Isothermal experiments are carried out using 3000 ppm promoter concentration at 100 bar, 274.15°C using the rocking cell to investigate the induction time, gas uptake, hydrate saturation. Temperature is further lowered to 266.15K to investigate the dissociation behavior of methane hydrate to study the self-preservation effect in the combined system.

The experimental results show that induction time in the combined system decreases as a sediment particle size decreases. Gas uptake remained unchanged in the combined system by changing the sediment particle size. We also report similar formation kinetics of hydrophobic amino acids (L-valine, L- methionine) and SDS at four particle sizes. At similar hydrate saturation, SDS has displayed weaker self- preservation effects compare to a hydrophilic amino acid in the porous medium.

Results in this study, support the conclusion available through other studies at lower concentration (500 ppm) of SDS and provide additional information about formation behavior at higher concentration (3000 ppm) of SDS. Results collected in this research could be beneficial in the selection of environmentally friendly chemicals for rapid methane hydrate formation in sediments to be used either in laboratory studies or for natural gas storage and transportation.
Investigation of the Ionic Interactions of Using Nanoparticles in Waterflooding
Authors: Omran Mohamed , Omran Hend , Torsaeter Ole
Published: June 2020

Nanotechnology is one of the modern techniques that can be used for enhancing the oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is mainly used after oil production declination by chemically altering the injection water. However, it is very important to have an environmentally friendly method to enhance oil recovery. A possible method is to use nanofluids that include nanosilica-polymer (NFs) which contain mainly sandstone ingredients.

This research is mainly an experimental investigation of the usage of several nanofluids with silica particles for enhanced oil recovery. Nanofluid injection is performed in core plugs and the oil recovery is compared with the oil recovery obtained with synthetic sea water (SSW) injection. Both nanofluid and SSW are injected in secondary mode. Five cleaned and dried Berea sandstone cores were used in the core flooding experiments. First, secondary recovery was applied on all cores by SSW injection. Then the cores were re-cleaned and re-dryed to be prepared for the secondary recovery by using 4 different types of nanofluids with the same concentration of 0.1 wt% as NFs.

In this research, it was important to use exactly the same rock in both the SSW and nanofluid flooding to avoid any effect of pore structure on the oil recovery. The research showed that the best nanofluid contained nanoparticles of silica-alumina. This nanofluid gave the highest oil recovery and altered the wettability from water wet to strongly water wet due to the ionic interactions. The ultimate oil recovery was increased to 10.4% of OOIP (original oil in place) compared to SSW injection. In addition to investigating the quantitative effect of the use of several nanofluids with different nanoparticles sizes and surface modifications on oil recovery we also applied Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to study pore blockage, log jamming, and emulsions between NFs and crude oil.
Accounting for Particle Size Distribution in Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling Improves Simulation Accuracy
Authors: Semin Leonid , Belyakova Ludmila , Isayev Vadim , Velikanov Ivan , Bannikov Denis , Tikhonov Alexey , Idimeshev Semen , Kovalevsky Oleg , Oussoltsev Dmitry
Published: June 2020

We introduced fracture hydrodynamics and in-situ kinetics model capable of simulating particle size distribution of propping agent. We demonstrated on several cases that accounting for particle size distribution in numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing results in a noticeable difference of predicted fracture geometry and conductivity, as compared to the modeling approach where propping agent is represented by one effective mean diameter.
Stress Mechanism of Microseismic Events During Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation for Unconventional Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Authors: Kaka SanLinn
Published: June 2020

I have processed a total of nine thousand microseismic events to investigate the stochastic process of the stress mechanism as well as frequency-magnitude relation between microseismic, volcanic and intraplate events. The processed data was composed of all available three components data with magnitude range from 0.4 <M< 6.5 extracted from the Incorporated Research Institution of Seismology (IRIS) and from a producing resevoir in the Middle East with magnitude range from -2.3 <M< -0.5. Seismic b-values are estimated using the maximum likelihood method (Aki, 1965) while the stress drops are derived from Brune’s source model (Brune, 1970). Volcanic and intraplate regions were selected in order to understand the fracture mechanism between the two regions with the hope to further correlate with the recorded microseismic events in the hydrocarbon reservoir. The results show that b values and stress drop for the volcanic region are lower than those of the intraplate region, while b-values for microseismic events are the highest. The results also show strong dependency with seismic moment and corner frequency values from each regions. From all the results, this study provides a better understanding and some possible features to distinguish microseismic events during hydraulic stimulation.
Semi-Quantitative Assessment of Seismic Hazard in Geothermal Reservoirs
Authors: Poessé Jorik W. , van den Hoek Paul
Published: June 2020

A new methodology for a "Level 2" Seismic Hazard Assessment has been developed for a geothermal project. Geomechanical models were created to understand the thermo-mechanical effects in the lifetime of a specific geothermal operation. Two types of geomechanical models are used, a 3-D Mohr-Coulomb model using both a deterministic and a probabilistic methodology, and a 2-D elastoplastic finite element model, simulating the lifetime and the associated mechanical changes caused by the geothermal operation. The simulated results show that, under maximum production conditions, there is a <1% likelihood of induced seismicity. Using published correlations, the movement along a fault is used to calculate the maximum magnitude of the unlikely seismicity, projected to be the order of 1.5 to 2 Mw. As a mitigation method, a Traffic Light System is proposed. This allows the geothermal operation to continue while staying within the expected safety margins.