bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Principal’s Approach to Leadership for Social Justice: Advancing Reflective and Anti-Oppressive Practices
Authors: Ezzani Miriam
Published: February 2020

This case study explores an urban elementary school principal’s efforts to advance reflective and anti-oppressive practices to counter teachers’ beliefs and behaviors toward their Black male students. Data collected and analyzed include five in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations of the school, classroom and professional learning meetings, and document analysis of policies, improvement plans, and weekly faculty agenda. The findings revealed that data-informed leadership was the impetus to the principal enacting social justice leadership, which involved anchoring systemic professional learning opportunities to teachers’ core values and beliefs and developing the collective consciousness of teachers individually and collectively. Lastly, the principal utilized strategies and instituted structures in and outside of the school to propel a cultural paradigm shift in how students in general, and Black males in particular, were served and cared for. Implications for principal professional learning and educational leadership preparation programs are shared. This article offers recommendations on how social justice leaders can coach teachers and advance practices that engender respect and dignity for Black male students.
Fearless Dominance/Boldness Is Not Strongly Related to Externalizing Behaviors: An Item Response-Based Analysis
Authors: Crowe Michael L. , Weiss Brandon M. , Sleep Chelsea E. , Harris Alexandra M. , Carter Nathan T. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: February 2020

There is substantial and ongoing debate regarding the centrality of Fearless Dominance/Boldness (FD/B) to psychopathic personality due, in part, to its generally weak relations with externalizing behaviors. In response to these findings, proponents of FD/B have offered two hypotheses. First, FD/B may have nonlinear associations with externalizing outcomes such that FD/B may lead to resilience at moderate levels, but an overabundance of FD/B will yield maladaptive behavioral outcomes. Second, FD/B may be related to antisocial outcomes when paired with high scores on other psychopathic traits such as self-centered impulsivity, meanness, or disinhibition. The current study tests these two possibilities using two large samples (Study 1: 787 undergraduates; Study 2: 596 Amazon’s Mechanical Turk participants). An item response theory scoring approach particularly sensitive to curvilinearity was used to maximize our ability to find a true curvilinear effect, if present. No evidence in favor of the curvilinearity hypothesis was found. Only a single significant interaction predicting substance use was observed between boldness and meanness. These findings contribute to a growing literature raising concerns regarding the relevance of FD/B to psychopathy.
Dynamic interaction analysis of bridges induced by a low-to-medium–speed maglev train
Authors: Wang Dangxiong , Li Xiaozhen , Liang Lin , Qiu Xiaowei
Published: February 2020

The structure of low-to-medium–speed maglev trains significantly differs from that of traditional wheel/rail trains, leading to significant differences between the coupling vibration mechanism of the train and bridge systems. To determine the vertical dynamic interaction of the low-to-medium–speed maglev train–bridge system, a dynamic interaction model was established and studied, based on a proportional–integral–derivative active suspension control system and modal superposition method. The simulation model was validated through bridge dynamic field tests on the Changsha low-to-medium–speed maglev commercial line. The vertical dynamic characteristics of the system were analyzed for bridges with different girder heights. Subsequently, the mechanism of the vertical resonance of the bridge induced by the maglev train was analyzed carefully. The results show that reducing the bridge rigidity increases the electromagnetic levitation force, thereby increasing the dynamic response. The low-speed resonance in the bridge is caused by the circulation loading frequency of the adjacent electromagnetic force, whereas the normal-speed resonance is induced by the self-frequency of the electromagnetic levitation force.
Prediction of the normal contact stiffness between elastic rough surfaces in lubricated contact via an equivalent thin layer
Authors: Sun Yunyun , Chuang Ho-Chiao , Xiao Huifang , Xu Jinwu
Published: February 2020

In this work, the normal contact stiffness of lubricated rough interface is evaluated theoretically by describing the lubricated rough interface as an equivalent thin layer. Layer parameters, including equivalent thickness and effective Young’s modulus, are used to characterize the normal contact stiffness by incorporating the contributions of asperity contact and lubricant contact simultaneously. On the basis of layer parameters, the normal contact stiffness of lubricated rough interface is obtained as a function of interfacial separation, surface topography, and properties of contacting solids and lubricants. Effects of surface topographies and lubricant types on the normal contact stiffness are investigated at varying interfacial separations and contact area fractions. The proportion of solid stiffness and lubricant stiffness from the total normal stiffness is also discussed. Numerical solutions reveal that the normal contact stiffness depends sensitively on the lubricant property at initial contact, whereas the influences of surface topographies become obvious with the decrement of interfacial separation or increment of contact area fraction. Comparisons between the predicted values of normal contact stiffness and experimental data for both dry interface and lubricated interface are presented to validate the rationality of the developed model.
Preparing Future Journalists for Trauma on the Job
Authors: Hill Desiree , Luther Catherine A. , Slocum Phyllis
Published: February 2020

Journalists are not immune from the emotional impact of their work as they report on mass shootings, terror attacks, and natural disasters. Adding to an established body of research on the interrelationship between journalism and trauma, this syndicate focused on how journalism schools should prepare students to deal with traumatic news content and events that would undoubtedly form part of their future day-to-day activities.
Ethics Without Borders in a Digital Age
Authors: Auman Ann , Stos Susan , Burch Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Following ethical standards is more critical than ever in a digital world where media reaches global, fragmented audiences. But each country, culture, and situation is different. So, how do we decide what standards are important to teach? Syndicate participants identified issues that instructors need to address to answer this question. This report represents areas of agreement as well as differences on teaching ethics without borders in a digital age.
To Whom Do Housing Policies Provide Stable Housing? Examining Housing Assistance Recipients and Leavers
Authors: Kang Seungbeom
Published: February 2020

By analyzing the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data combined with the Assisted Housing Database, this study explores the associations between the five statuses related to receiving or leaving from a certain type of housing assistance and the subsequent housing instability experience. These statuses include households that (1) reside in a public or project-based subsidized housing (PH) unit, (2) leave a PH unit, (3) receive a Housing Choice Voucher (HCV), (4) withdraw from the HCV program, and (5) are unsubsidized but income-eligible to receive housing assistance. The results reveal that, although all subsidized households tend to experience less housing instability than do income-eligible, unsubsidized households, HCV recipients are relatively more likely to experience housing instability than are PH residents. In addition, the likelihood of experiencing housing instability among PH and HCV leavers does not differ significantly from the likelihood among the unsubsidized households, suggesting that they may leave their programs prematurely.
The effect of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory NHL and HL patients: A single center experience
Authors: Batgi Hikmettullah , Merdin Alparslan , Dal Mehmet Sinan , Kızıl Çakar Merih , Yıldız Jale , Başçı Semih , Uncu Ulu Bahar , Yiğenoğlu Tuğçe Nur , Darçın Tahir , Şahin Derya , Bakırtaş Mehmet , Tetik Ayşegül , İskender Dicle , Altuntaş Fevzi
Published: February 2020

The optimal choice of salvage therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to share our experience in relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients who received GDP/R-GDP as salvage chemotherapy in our center. Data of 47 relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who received GDP or R-GDP as salvage chemotherapy in our center between July 2014 and October 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma patients were divided into two groups as primary refractory and relapsed. The one-year overall survival was 100% (for relapsed) and 36.9% (for refractory) in the non-Hodgkin lymphoma groups, and 82.5% (for relapsed) and 80% (for refractory) in the Hodgkin lymphoma group. The one-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 72.7% (for relapsed) and 38.5% (for refractory) in patients with NHL, and 41% (for relapsed) and 18.2% (for refractory) in patients with HL. GDP/R-GDP seems to be a well-tolerated out-patient salvage regimen for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Although proven efficacy, negative toxicity profile, and ease of administration, the application of gemcitabine-based therapy for patients with primary refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma provided limited success.
How Do Relatives Experience Advanced Home Care? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Limberger René , Schnepp Wilfried
Published: February 2020

The provision of around-the-clock care by advanced home care services subjects families and relatives in Germany to significant psychosocial demands. In addition to coping with the serious illness of their family member, they have to compensate for the lack of privacy caused the constant presence of a nurse. Accordingly, they feel ambivalent about caregivers. The qualitative study conducted narrative interviews that addressed the question as to how relatives and families experience home mechanical ventilation. It was possible to identify two main topics: the burdens and health-maintaining resources resulting from the care setting. The main burdens that are experienced include living in a public space, the lack of psychosocial support from service providers, as well as the lack of professional and social skills of the caregivers interacting with families.
Nonlinear impact of World Heritage Sites on China’s tourism expansion
Authors: Lin Yu-Xia , Chen Ming-Hsiang , Lin Bi-Shu , Tseng Shu-Yin , Su Ching-Hui (Joan)
Published: February 2020

Using domestic tourism data (1999–2014) and inbound tourism data (1999–2016), this research applies linear and nonlinear models to investigate the impact of World Heritage Sites (WHS) on inbound and domestic tourism expansion (TE) in terms of tourist arrivals and tourism receipts and then tests whether or not the impact of WHS on TE is instant. The results show a notable influence of WHS on tourist arrivals and tourism receipts and identify several differences between the impacts of WHS on inbound and on domestic TE. Moreover, the relationship between WHS and TE exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve. The optimal number of WHS for TE is four, and there is a significant instantaneous effect of WHS on domestic TE. Differently, the impact of WHS on inbound tourism shows a 1-year lag. Lastly, we perform dynamic regressions as a robustness check and discussion and implications are provided.
Maternal reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children's socio-emotional development among European American and Chinese immigrant children
Authors: Yang Yang , Song Qingfang , Doan Stacey N , Wang Qi
Published: February 2020

This study examined the relations between maternal reactions to children’s negative emotions and children’s socio-emotional outcomes, including psychological adjustment, emotion knowledge, and coping strategies. European American and Chinese immigrant mothers reported on their reactions to children’s ( N = 117, M = 7.14 years) negative emotions and on children’s psychological adjustment. One year later, children were interviewed for emotion knowledge and mothers reported on children’s use of coping strategies. Mothers from the two cultural groups reported the same level of supportive reactions to their children’s negative emotions, whereas Chinese immigrant mothers more often adopted what are commonly considered to be non-supportive strategies than did European American mothers. Whereas supportive maternal reactions were associated with better child outcomes in both cultures, maternal non-supportive reactions were negatively associated with children’s functioning for European American children but not for Chinese immigrant children. The findings shed critical light on the functional meaning of parenting practices in specific cultural contexts in shaping developmental outcomes.
Cultural globalization and young Korean women’s acculturative labor: K-beauty as hegemonic hybridity
Authors: Seo Yuri , Cruz Angela Gracia B , Fifita ‘Ilaisaane ME
Published: February 2020

This article aims to understand how young Korean women respond to the changing ideals of K-beauty, a form of gender imagery embodied by Korean pop celebrities, when such ideals become exported as global cultural products. The findings reveal that K-beauty is characterized by three paradoxical themes: manufactured naturalness, hyper-sexualized cuteness, and the ‘harmonious kaleidoscope’. When we unravel these paradoxes further, we observe that they provoke unsettlement and ambivalence among young Korean women, who shed light on the acculturative labors of concealment, selective resistance, and compliance that permeate the field of K-beauty. We argue that through these new layers of women’s work, the paradoxes in beauty are re-domesticated, the globalizing Western dictates are brought into alignment with neo-Confucian cultural ideology, and a new hybridized hegemonic regime of feminine beauty becomes established.
Age groups changes in self-rated health: A prospective longitudinal study over a 20-year period using Health Survey of North Trøndelag data
Authors: Lysberg Frode , Innstrand Siw Tone , Cvancarova Småstuen Milada , Lysberg Cathrine , Høie Magnhild Mjåvatn , Espnes Geir Arild
Published: February 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in self-rated health (SRH) between different age groups and sexes over a 20-year period. Methods: Data were retrieved from the large longitudinal Health Survey of North Trøndelag, Norway, which includes data collected from more than 190,000 participants aged 20–70+ years between the years 1984 and 2008. Data were analysed using logistic regression and adjusted for sex. Results: From 1984 to 2008, the odds of scoring higher on SRH decreased by 46% in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and increased by approximately 35% in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). When considering sex differences, women in most age groups scored lower than the men on their SRH. Conclusions: Our finding suggest a trending shift in SRH, with a reduction in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and an increase in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). Despite the sex differences being small, our data indicate that in most age groups, women tend to score lower than men on their SRH. Future studies should focus on these trends to understand better the mechanisms underlying these changes in SRH and to follow future trends to see if the trend is reinforced or diminished.
Inhuman hands and missing child: Touching a literacy event in a Finnish primary school
Authors: Jokinen Päivi , Murris Karin
Published: February 2020

This paper explores an inhuman reading of ‘hands’ with/in visual images of a Finnish literacy lesson. Inspired by Karen Barad’s agential realism and the ontological turn, we disrupt a metaphysics of presence, the temporality of progress and binary logic, to reconfigure the child in literacy practices as a sympoietic phenomenon, always already assembled in human and more-than-human company. We think with/in the concept of ‘touch’ as a method to reconfigure literacies as inhuman. We adopt Tsing’s (2015) art of noticing and present four ‘unruly’ encounters, touching surprising entanglements that e/merge when learning to ‘look around rather than ahead’. We notice entanglements of hand/writing, snow, flows of capitalism, mobile phones and a cardboard representation for our rethinking of literacies without assuming development and progress. Based on our analysis, we propose that moving away from identity, human exceptionalism and judging children on individual literacy achievement according to benchmarks that are external to the learning process itself renders learners capable in literacy practices.
The common law theory and practice of the ombudsman/judiciary relationship
Authors: Kirkham Richard , Stuhmcke Anita
Published: February 2020

In both Australia and the United Kingdom, the ombudsman sector plays a specific role in the oversight of the administration of government, but there exists no clear overarching theoretical framework within which the institution is aligned with common law constitutionalism. An ombudsman’s functionality is secured by gaining legal authority from parliament and effective power through executive acquiescence, but simultaneously to function effectively it must maintain a degree of separation from the executive and parliament. This situation creates a regulatory gap which the courts fill by acting in a supervisory relationship over the ombudsman sector. In turn, this raises the danger that the legitimacy gained through judicial oversight results in a loss of flexibility and uniqueness in the ombudsman institution. Through an empirical study of the case law on the sector, this article confirms that the courts have shaped and legitimised the role of the ombudsman institution under the common law constitution. Yet this study also suggests that there is a risk that over-reliance upon the judiciary to perform a retrospective, reactive and intermittent control function can lead to an inappropriate imposition of judicial values on the ombudsman sector as well as the courts performing an unsuited regulatory role.
Women Entrepreneurs in Asia: Eight Country Studies
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Li Jessica , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra
Published: February 2020

The Problem

Asia as a research context is significantly different, in many ways, from Western contexts where a majority of studies on women in leadership have been conducted. First, traditional culture and religious beliefs in Asia dictate the inferior status of women in their daily lives. Second, women’s appointment to high-ranking leadership roles in Asia has been a continuing challenge. Third, many organizations in Asia remain as gendered workplaces where cultural, religious, and organizational constraints coexist. This special issue on women entrepreneurs in Asia, therefore, makes specific contributions to research on Asian women in leadership in the context of entrepreneurship.

The Solution

The purpose of this special issue is to investigate women entrepreneurs’ motivations, challenges, and opportunities in eight Asian countries (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam). The special issue provides insights into developing the potential of aspiring women entrepreneurs who are set in rapidly developing Asian countries where traditional cultural and religious expectations and modernized values coexist. Despite challenges and difficulties that women entrepreneurs face, the opportunities that they create in business development can serve as a model for aspiring women entrepreneurs in Asia and other countries.

The Stakeholders

As women entrepreneurs’ challenges are of global interest, this special issue represents an effort to transcend national boundaries in understanding how to address the challenges they face. Scholars and practitioners who are interested in international Human Resource Development can better understand how Asia’s fast-growing economies and culture have influenced women entrepreneurs in positive and negative ways.
Conclusion: Learnings From Eight Country Studies on Women Entrepreneurs in Asia
Authors: Li Jessica , Cho Yonjoo , Chaudhuri Sanghamitra
Published: February 2020

The Problem

Women entrepreneurs have played an important role in advancing the economic development of Asian countries. It is in the best interest of Asian countries and international human resource development (HRD) professionals to develop an in-depth understanding of women entrepreneurs in Asia so that they can develop policies, strategies, and resources to support their development. Eight country studies on women entrepreneurs in Asia in this special issue revealed their motivations, challenges, and opportunities in their business start-ups and development. The findings would greatly contribute to an understanding of who women entrepreneurs in Asia are and how they are doing in entrepreneurship.

The Solution

The development of women entrepreneurs in Asia requires many scholars and practitioners to study, understand, and theorize before meaningful solutions can be enacted, which will have a lasting impact. This special issue of research on women entrepreneurs in eight Asian countries offers a glimpse of the emerging area of women entrepreneurship. HRD initiatives and expertise are needed to create unchartered possibilities for women entrepreneurs in Asia to succeed and sustain the development of their businesses.

The Stakeholders

This special issue is for entrepreneurs and HRD scholars and practitioners who are interested in entrepreneurship development, particularly in the development of women entrepreneurs in Asia.
Increasing the Number of Underrepresented Minority Behavioral Health Researchers Partnering With Underresourced Communities: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Research Project Program
Authors: Cruz Theresa H. , Borrego Matthew E. , Page-Reeves Janet
Published: February 2020

To address critical health equity issues facing racially and ethnically diverse populations, it is essential to have researchers from similarly diverse backgrounds. Such researchers provide different perspectives that may lead to distinct research questions, novel interpretation of findings, and innovative recommendations for health promotion practice. There is a continuing need to increase the number of researchers leading health research studies who are from underrepresented minority populations (URMs). The literature demonstrates the effectiveness of mentoring for career development and the need to hone existing mentoring models. The TREE Center developed an innovative model for building capacity among early stage investigators, with a focus on URMs, to increase the inclusivity of the research pipeline. Our model involves community-engaged behavioral health research mentoring, career development, training for grantspersonship, and guidance for manuscript development and submission. A pilot project program provided opportunities for 10 early stage investigators to develop relationships with public health practitioners and other community partners, to obtain funding, to manage a complex pilot research project, and to generate preliminary data. Awardees worked with an academic mentor, a community mentor, and TREE Center faculty to conduct and disseminate their research. Lessons learned include the need to account for funding cycle timing, address challenges of recruiting URMs, consider overutilization of senior URM mentors, and overcome institutional bureaucracies that hinder transdisciplinary research across campuses. We discuss strategies for addressing these challenges. Our model is replicable and could be implemented, especially by academic programs interested in cultivating early stage URM investigators to conduct behavioral health research.
Perceived Importance of Health Concerns Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults in a National, Probability-Based Phone Survey, 2017
Authors: Boynton Marcella H. , Gilbert Jeffrey , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Lee Joseph G. L.
Published: February 2020

Perceptions of the importance of health problems can drive advocacy, policy change, resource distribution, and individual behaviors. However, little is known about how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), that is, sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults view the health problems facing SGM populations. In a 2017 national, probability-based survey of U.S. SGM adults ( N = 453), we asked respondents to identify the most serious health problem facing SGM people today. Participants also rated the seriousness of five specific health problems (HIV/AIDS, suicide, hate crimes, harmful alcohol use, tobacco use). Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were stratified by gender identity. One quarter of U.S. SGM adults identified the most serious health problem facing SGM people to be HIV/AIDS (95% confidence interval [20.3, 31.2]). More respondents stated there were no serious LGBT health differences compared with straight/cisgender adults (4.2%, confidence interval [2.6, 5.9]) than identified tobacco use, hate crimes, chronic diseases, cancer, or suicide as the most serious. Importance ratings differed by gender and tobacco/alcohol use were perceived as less serious compared with HIV/AIDS, suicide, and hate crimes. Attention paid to HIV/AIDS by the SGM public, while important, may hinder efforts to address chronic diseases and other health issues affecting SGM people.
Prolonged Progression-Free Survival in a Patient With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Following Korean Herbal Medicine Treatment Alone: A Case Report
Authors: Yoon Sung Soo , Kim Eun Hye , Lee Jee Young , Yoon Seong Woo
Published: February 2020

Korean herbal medicine treatment (KHMT) involves treating with a combination of natural products, which have been used for thousands of years. Recently, it has been reported to be effective and safe in cancer patients. This case report demonstrates the efficacy of KHMT in a 49-year-old man with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare and highly aggressive cancer. The patient showed recurrent pleural effusion and was diagnosed with epithelioid MPM at cT3NxM0 stage III in December 2017. The multidisciplinary care team recommended multimodal treatment based on an extrapleural pneumonectomy, but he refused this because the treatment was aggressive and the effectiveness was unclear. He decided to undergo pemetrexed plus cisplatin chemotherapy if his condition worsened. He visited the Korean Medicine Cancer Center for alternative treatment options. A KHMT regimen, consisting of twice-daily Gunchil-dan and thrice-daily Bangam-tang, was initiated in December 2017. Since commencement of KHMT, computed tomography and X-ray imaging scans have shown no significant interval changes and progression. At 21 months into treatment (September 2019), no significant adverse events have occurred. Given that the median overall survival of patients with MPM is approximately 1 year, the ongoing progression-free survival of this patient for 21 months is relatively long. This case, therefore, suggests that KHMT is a potential treatment option for MPM patients.
mTORC2 Steals the Spotlight
Authors: Jansen Laura A.
Published: February 2020

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Authenticity of Historical Residential Houses at Sirpur: A Case Study on the Basis of Structure and Landscape
Authors: Upadhyay Vishi , Joshi Shivi
Published: February 2020

Authenticity informs the preservation, curation, management and presentation of the historic environment.1 Inappropriate conservation methods and alterations to structures along with unethical interpretations of excavation of residential houses, raise questions as to the authenticity of a site. In this study, the authors examine authenticity in the context of residential houses at Sirpur, India. They examine form and design, materials and substance, use and function, and location and setting.
Hand Function Following Simulated Fusion of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints
Authors: Letzelter Joseph Paul , Ahmad Romana , Tagliarino Jennifer , Woeckener Jessica , Bello Ricardo , Melamed Eitan
Published: February 2020

Background: There is poor understanding regarding functional limitation of thumb strength and dexterity following thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) arthrodesis. The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the functional limitations of MCP and IP joint fusion using an orthosis to simulate fusion. Methods: Thirty-two healthy volunteers underwent simulated MCP and IP thumb arthrodesis using custom-molded orthoses. Each volunteer was independently assessed for hand and thumb function using the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, lateral pinch strength, tip pinch strength, and Grooved Pegboard test. Comparisons between the 3 groups in all functional tests were carried out. Results: The mean lateral pinch strength was significantly greater in the unsplinted group (8.3 kg) compared with the MCP- (6.3 kg) and IP-splinted (5.7 kg) groups. Mean tip pinch strength was also significantly higher in the unsplinted group than in MCP- and IP-splinted thumbs (4.6 kg vs 4.1 and 3.9 kg). There was no difference in the Jebsen-Taylor or Grooved Pegboard test between the 3 groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that with a fused MCP joint the lateral and tip pinch strength will decrease by 24% and 10%, respectively, compared with a healthy nonsplinted thumb. A fused IP joint will decrease lateral and tip pinch by 31% and 16%, respectively. This information does not take into account an arthritic thumb. We found that the Jebsen-Taylor test and Grooved Pegboard test were not affected by simulated thumb MCP and IP fusion.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Low-Value Preoperative Testing for Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Release at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Ding Qian , Trickey Amber W. , Mudumbai Seshadri , Kamal Robin N. , Sears Erika D. , Harris Alex H. S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Routine preoperative screening tests before low-risk surgery cannot be justified if the risks to patients are not outweighed by benefits. Several studies and professional guidelines suggest avoiding screening tests prior to minor operations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and patient characteristics associated with low-value preoperative tests (LVTs) prior to carpal tunnel release (CTR) at an academic medical center. Methods: From electronic medical records, we identified patients aged ≥18 who underwent CTR from 2015 to 2017. We determined the occurrence of 9 common LVTs, such as complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic profile (BMP), and electrocardiogram (ECG), in the 30 days prior to CTR. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression were used to identify factors associated with receiving any LVT and the number of LVTs, respectively. Results: Among 572 patients, 248 (43.4%) had at least 1 LVT. The most common tests were ECG (31.3% of CTRs), CBC (27.3% of CTRs), and BMP (23.6% of CTRs). Patient factors associated with higher odds of receiving LVT included older age, higher Elixhauser comorbidity score, and general or regional anesthesia (vs monitored anesthesia care). Conclusions: Low-value preoperative tests were frequently received by patients undergoing CTR and were associated with anesthesia type, age, and number of comorbidities. Although our study focused on CTR, these results likely have implications for other commonly performed low-risk procedures. These findings can help guide efforts to improve the quality and value of surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome and facilitate the development of strategies to reduce LVT, such as audit feedback and provider education.
The 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Anatomy of the Adult Brachial Plexus Divisions and Cords
Authors: Neto Junot H. S. , Neto Bernardo C. , Eiras Andre B. D. , Botelho Renato H. S. , Carmo Jose M. de M. , Passos Marco Aurélio R. F.
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective of this work was to perform a critical review of the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional anatomy of the adult brachial plexus divisions and cords. Methods: Twelve adult brachial plexuses from fresh cadavers were dissected. All were male and aged between 30 and 50 years. Only corpses without brachial plexus injuries were selected. The purpose of the dissections was to identify the origin of the anterior and posterior divisions of the adult brachial plexus in their respective trunks, as well as the positioning of the posterior, lateral, and medial cords. Results: The posterior division of all trunks had a cranial and dorsal origin, while the anterior division of all trunks had a caudal and ventral origin. The posterior cord was the most cranial of all, the lateral cord was central, and the medial cord was the most caudal of all cords. The posterior division of the superior trunk was always between the suprascapular nerve and the anterior division. Conclusions: Brachial plexus diagrams in most textbooks and papers are different from what was found in our dissections. Contrary to the known diagram, the posterior divisions always had a cranial origin in the superior, middle, and inferior trunks.
Quasi-analytical solutions of a turbulence-modeling equation on the robustness of decaying homogeneous turbulence
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke , Hasegawa Yutaka
Published: February 2020

The present study introduces third-order quasi-analytical solutions of a turbulence-modeling equation, where the standard [Formula: see text] model equation is used because this model is commonly and widely used in engineering applications. These quasi-analytical solutions describe the robustness of decaying homogeneous turbulence. In the present study, decaying homogeneous turbulence influenced by a weak fluid acceleration of mean flow, which is equivalent to the small strain of the mean flow, is considered. Here, the small strain of the mean flow only slightly affects the anisotropy of the decaying homogeneous turbulence, as shown in previous experiments. Simplified governing equations are derived from the governing equations of the turbulence modeling by introducing the conditions of the small strain. Here, two nondimensional functions are introduced in order to describe the influence on the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation using decay laws of the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation. Three constants included in the quasi-analytical solutions could be obtained using observable parameters.
Caring in the recruitment of older African American adults with chronic health disease: An integrative review
Authors: Gamboa Charlene J , Julion Wrenetha A
Published: February 2020

Objectives

The aim of this integrative review is to accrue a comprehensive understanding of caring behavioral characteristics in the recruitment of older African-American adults into health-related research studies centered on chronic diseases.

Methods

Combined methodologies, Whittemore & Knafl and Kable, Pich & Maslin-Prothero in accordance with preferred items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, were used to guide the data collection and to report the findings. The data were analyzed based upon recruitment categorization and Kristen Swanson’s middle-range theory of caring.

Results

Ten out of 260 publications comprised the final sample. They were analyzed and then aggregated by chronic illnesses, recruitment activities, contact level, and Swanson’s five caring behavioral concepts. Select cancers, diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimer’s disease were the chronic illness foci of eight publications. Cardiovascular disease and stroke were the focus of two publications. Only three studies utilized all five Swanson’s caring concepts, and the frequently used concept throughout all 10 studies was enabling.

Discussion

Recruitment approaches employed to accrue older African-American adults into chronic illness-related research studies necessitate proactive recruitment strategies that incorporate caring behaviors. Future researchers ought to develop multi-modality recruitment strategies to improve older African-American adults’ representation.
Beneath the bitter laughter: Online parodies, structures of feeling and cultural citizenship in China
Authors: Zou Sheng
Published: February 2020

This article examines the practice of egao, or online parody, in China as an act of cultural citizenship. Looking at user-generated parodies derived from a viral meme called Mom Please Hit Me Once More, it explores how young netizens negotiate their collective identity, memory and social changes through participatory cultural production online. Broadening the purview of citizenship practice while highlighting its cultural and affective dimension, this article reveals how the Internet provides a space for creative modes of civic expression and lifestyle politics – a hybrid space where entertainment and politics converge, while tensions between tradition and modernity play out.
Sugar or salt (“SOS”): A protocol for a UK multicentre randomised trial of mannitol and hypertonic saline in severe traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Rowland MJ , Veenith T , Scomparin C , Wilson MH , Hutchinson PJ , Kolias AG , Lall R , Regan S , Mason J , Andrews PJD , Horner D , Naisbitt J , Devrell A , Malins A , Dark P , McAuley DF , Perkins GD
Published: February 2020

Hyperosmolar solutions are widely used to treat raised intracranial pressure following severe traumatic brain injury. Although mannitol has historically been the most frequently administered, hypertonic saline solutions are increasingly being used. However, definitive evidence regarding their comparative effectiveness is lacking. The Sugar or Salt Trial is a UK randomised, allocation concealed open label multicentre pragmatic trial designed to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of hypertonic saline compared with mannitol in the management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Patients requiring intensive care unit admission and intracranial pressure monitoring post-traumatic brain injury will be allocated at random to receive equi-osmolar boluses of either mannitol or hypertonic saline following failure of routine first-line measures to control intracranial pressure. The primary outcome for the study will be the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale assessed at six months after randomisation. Results will inform current clinical practice in the routine use of hyperosmolar therapy as well as assess the impact of potential side effects. Pre-planned longer term clinical and cost effectiveness analyses will further inform the use of these treatments.
Endocrine emergencies
Authors: Mishra Apurva , Quinn Marc
Published: February 2020

Endocrine emergencies represent a small group of conditions, where the presentation is related to either a relative lack or excess of hormones. They may present with non-specific features, which can make them difficult to diagnose. Endocrine emergencies are commonly treated in a hospital setting. Having a high degree of suspicion and awareness of the presentation can lead to early diagnosis and prompt management. This article focuses on the epidemiology, common presentation, risk factors, investigation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, hypoglycaemia, thyroid storm, myxoedema crisis, adrenal insufficiency, hypercalcaemia, phaeochromocytoma and acute pituitary failure.
Influence of Glucose Concentration on Colony-Forming Efficiency and Biological Performance of Primary Human Tissue–Derived Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mantripragada Venkata P. , Kaplevatsky Ryan , Bova Wes A. , Boehm Cynthia , Obuchowski Nancy A. , Midura Ronald J. , Muschler George F.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Glucose concentrations used in current cell culture methods are a significant departure from physiological glucose levels. The study focuses on comparing the effects of glucose concentrations on primary human progenitors (connective tissue progenitors [CTPs]) used for cartilage repair.

Design

Cartilage- (Outerbridge grade 1, 2, 3; superficial and deep zone cartilage), infrapatellar fatpad-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells were obtained from 63 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and cultured simultaneously in fresh chondrogenic media containing 25 mM glucose (HGL) or 5 mM glucose (NGL) for pairwise comparison. Automated ASTM-based quantitative image analysis was used to determine colony-forming efficiency (CFE), effective proliferation rates (EPR), and sulfated-proteoglycan (GAG-ECM) staining of the CTPs across tissue sources.

Results

HGL resulted in increased cell cultures with CFE = 0 compared with NGL in all tissue sources ( P = 0.049). The CFE in NGL was higher than HGL for superficial cartilage ( P < 0.001), and contrary for synovium-derived CTPs ( P = 0.046) when CFE > 0. EPR of the CTPs did not differ between the media in the 6-day assay time period ( P = 0.082). The GAG-ECM area of the CTPs and their progeny was increased in presence of HGL ( P = 0.027).

Conclusion

Glucose concentration is critical to progenitor’s physiology and should be taken into account in the setting of protocols for clinical or in vitro cell expansion strategies.
News from the Levant: A Qualitative Research on the Role of Social Media in Syrian Diaspora
Authors: Miconi Andrea
Published: February 2020

The Syrian emergency, with around 6.7 million people leaving the country, is considered the biggest refugee crisis since the end of World War II. The impact of social media on both the representation of the crisis and immigrants’ behavior has been already analyzed in several works. In this context, the article contains the results of qualitative research on the use of social media by Syrian immigrants and refugees after the civil war and in the diaspora. By mainly focusing on young users, we completed 44 in-depth interviews: 22 in-person interviews in Jordan; 13 in-person interviews in Lebanon; and 9 interviews with immigrant and refugees in Turkey via Skype (for logistical reasons). The article is dedicated to three different uses of social media: collecting news regarding the war in Syria; rediscovering lost ties after the diaspora; and finally, the so-called resettlement or the organization of a new life in host countries. As to the findings, immigrants have been shown to use social media for all purposes, but to a very different degree. In addition, and more interestingly, the results revealed some blind spots of digital sociability, such as the lack of credible sources and the Balkanization brought about by the so-called Web 2.0.
Seeking Seclusion, Embracing Decline: A Qualitative Enquiry Into the Long-Term Development of a Private Online Community
Authors: Schimkowsky Christoph
Published: February 2020

This article analyzes the development of a message board–based online community between 2002 and 2016. It examines a private online community that actively secluded itself from online publics and has welcomed no new members in over a decade. Drawing on online participant observation, offline fieldwork, online and offline interviews, as well as archival research of 12 years of online interaction, the article provides an in-depth qualitative account of the “aging” of an online community that focuses on its internal dynamics and member narratives. A portrait of a community that survived years of apparent “decline,” it enquires into the durability of online socialities and cultures. Specifically, the article identifies three interlinked factors that shaped the long-term development of the community: (1) structural and cultural continuities, actively achieved through user and administrator efforts, established the online community as a coherent and recognizable social aggregation that persists over time; (2) forum members do not uniformly perceive decreasing levels of community interaction as negative but reframe it as an expression of in-group familiarity and side-effect of a consolidation process; and (3) interweaving of online and offline interaction is a primary source of familiarity among members and factor benefiting community longevity. As study of a message board tracing back to 2002, the article examines a remnant of an earlier online culture and speaks to increasing scholarly interests in online pasts. As a study of a closed forum, the article further contributes to an emerging body of research on private and secretive modes of online interaction.
Implementation of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Homeless Primary Care Setting at the Veterans Affairs
Authors: Gregg Elizabeth , Linn Carrie , Nace Emma , Gelberg Lillian , Cowan Brianna , Fulcher Jennifer A.
Published: February 2020

Objective: Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV-1 acquisition, yet it is underutilized among at-risk populations. In this pilot quality improvement (QI) initiative, we sought to identify barriers to PrEP implementation and create interventions to improve access to PrEP in a primary care clinic for homeless veterans. Methods: The setting was a large homeless primary care clinic at the Veterans Affairs in an urban area with high HIV prevalence. A root cause analysis was performed to identify barriers to PrEP expansion in the primary care clinic. Targeted interventions to improve provider knowledge and patient access to PrEP were implemented by the QI team. Results: Root cause analysis revealed 3 primary barriers to PrEP expansion in the primary care clinic: institutional limitations for prescribing PrEP, inconsistent screening and recognition of eligible patients by clinic staff, and lack of clinic workflow processes to support PrEP prescription. A multidisciplinary focus group found low levels of PrEP awareness and knowledge, with only 22% of providers reporting comfort discussing PrEP with patients. This improved to 40% of providers following targeted clinic educational interventions. The QI team also developed a pathway for primary care providers to obtain institutional PrEP prescribing privileges and used work groups to develop clinic workflows and protocols for PrEP. At the end of the intervention, at least 50% of primary care providers in the clinic had initiated PrEP in a new patient. Conclusions: We describe a multidisciplinary QI model to implement PrEP within a primary care setting serving Veterans and persons experiencing homelessness. Our program successfully addressed provider knowledge deficits and improved primary care capacity to prescribe PrEP. The primary care clinic can be a viable and important clinical setting to improve access to PrEP for HIV prevention, especially for vulnerable populations.
Verrier Elwin and His Fieldwork Method
Authors: Subba Tanka B.
Published: February 2020

I would first of all like to thank the Anthropological Survey of India for inviting me to deliver the Elwin Memorial Lecture at a national seminar on ‘Verrier Elwin and his Field Method’ held at North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) in May 2018. I have chosen to speak on ‘Verrier Elwin and his Fieldwork Method’ in view of the paucity of information on the subject, as neither Elwin has written on how he conducted his fieldwork or what his methodology of fieldwork was, nor have others written much about his method of fieldwork. Indeed, many like Enthoven (1946) and Devereux (1946) have written on the richness, soundness and reliability of his data, but they are silent about how he collected his data or what his fieldwork method was like.

Among the few who I know have written on Elwin’s fieldwork method are Bhabagrahi Misra ( 1970 , 1971 ), Ramachandra Guha ( 1998 , 1999 ) and Vinay Kumar Srivastava (n.d., ms). I am not aware of the writings of any other author on this subject.