bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrosigmoid Infralabyrinthine (Suprajugular) Approach to the Jugular Foramen: Indications, Limitations, and Surgical Nuances
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Pinto Jaime , Coelho Neto Mauricio , Ramina Ricardo
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Among the several approaches described to the jugular foramen (JF), the retrosigmoid infralabyrinthine (suprajugular) approach was one of the most recently described.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the indications, limitations, and operative nuances of the suprajugular approach.

METHODS:

We provided a pertinent review of the anatomy, indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical steps and nuances, and postoperative management.

RESULTS:

The suprajugular approach is suitable for tumors occupying the intracranial compartment with limited extension into the JF. Volume, width, and configuration of the foramen dictate the feasibility of the approach. Tumors invading the venous system are not suitable for this approach. Preoperative 3-dimensional MRI and computed tomography are used to evaluate intrajugular extension, relationship between the tumor and the jugular bulb (JB), venous system invasion, and shape of the JF. During surgery, exposition of the entire posterior border of the sigmoid sinus is needed and removing the bone over the JB. After identification of the JF, the jugular notch and intrajugular process of the roof of the foramen are removed and intrajugular resection is completed. In cases of high-riding JB, it may be gently pushed down to allow visualization of the anterior foramen. In cases of JB laceration, it may be repaired using a muscle patch and usually does preclude further resection.

CONCLUSION:

The suprajugular approach is variation of the retrosigmoid approach that, when properly indicated, provides excellent exposure of the medial JF, with most anatomical variations and intraoperative complications predicted by a comprehensive preoperative evaluation.
Are Transventricular Approaches Associated With Increased Hemorrhage? A Comparative Study in a Series of 624 Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries
Authors: Runge Joachim , Nagel Johanna M. , Cassini Ascencao Luisa , Blahak Christian , Kinfe Thomas M. , Schrader Christoph , Wolf Marc E. , Saryyeva Assel , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has advanced tremendously, for both clinical applications and technology. Although DBS surgery is an overall safe procedure, rare side effects, in particular, hemorrhage, may result in devastating consequences. Although there are certain advantages with transventricular trajectories, it has been reasoned that avoidance of such trajectories would likely reduce hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the possible impact of a transventricular trajectory as compared with a transcerebral approach on the occurrence of symptomatic and asymptomatic hemorrhage after DBS electrode placement.

METHODS:

Retrospective evaluation of 624 DBS surgeries in 582 patients, who underwent DBS surgery for movement disorders, chronic pain, or psychiatric disorders. A stereotactic guiding cannula was routinely used for DBS electrode insertion. All patients had postoperative computed tomography scans within 24 hours after surgery.

RESULTS:

Transventricular transgression was identified in 404/624 DBS surgeries. The frequency of hemorrhage was slightly higher in transventricular than in transcerebral DBS surgeries (15/404, 3.7% vs 6/220, 2.7%). While 7/15 patients in the transventricular DBS surgery group had a hemorrhage located in the ventricle, 6 had an intracerebral hemorrhage along the electrode trajectory unrelated to transgression of the ventricle and 2 had a subdural hematoma. Among the 7 patients with a hemorrhage located in the ventricle, only one became symptomatic. Overall, a total of 7/404 patients in the transventricular DBS surgery group had a symptomatic hemorrhage, whereas the hemorrhage remained asymptomatic in all 6/220 patients in the transcerebral DBS surgery group.

CONCLUSION:

Transventricular approaches in DBS surgery can be performed safely, in general, when special precautions such as using a guiding cannula are routinely applied.
Composite pheochromocytoma–ganglioneuroma: a case with two distinct components radiographically
Authors: Edo Hiromi , Hyoue Eiko , Hamamoto Kohei , Tsuda Masaki , Morimura Fumio , Okano Kousuke , Okazaki Michiko , Kawamura Kazuki , Ito Keiichi , Sato Kimiya , Edo Naoki , Shinmoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Composite pheochromocytoma is an extremely rare tumor that comprises a pheochromocytoma and an embryologically related neurogenic tumor, such as ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

A 46-year-old male with hypertension, elevated plasma catecholamine levels, and suspected pheochromocytoma presented to the National Defense Medical College Hospital. CT and MRI showed two adjacent masses in the left adrenal gland; one was a 6 cm cephalic lesion and the other was a 1.5 cm caudal lesion. Only the 1.5 cm caudal mass showed uptake on 123I-metaiodobenzylguanisine single photon emission CT/CT. Pheochromocytoma was suspected and a left adrenalectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed that the 6 cm mass was a ganglioneuroma and the 1.5 cm mass a pheochromocytoma, with cellular intermingling at their border. The two masses were diagnosed as a composite pheochromocytoma–ganglioneuroma. This is the first report in which the two components of a composite pheochromocytoma can be clearly distinguished in the pre-operative images. If a patient with clinically suspected pheochromocytoma has different components from a typical pheochromocytoma, composite pheochromocytoma should be considered.
Replantation in adolescents: a case report
Authors: Zielkowska Alicja , Ciejka Karol , Rogatko Kamil , Łukasik Weronika
Published: July 2022

Background: Tooth loss as a result of trauma most often affects young people, especially in the summer time. Implantation is considered the correct method of proceeding in the case of missing teeth. However, it is not indicated in this age group due to the constantly developing skeletal system and the change in spatial relations in the stomatognathic system. A more favorable, but less likely to be successful, method is replantation, which is more dependent on patient compliance.

Objectives: presentation of the clinical procedure in the case of avulsed tooth 21, with particular emphasis on the time and method of providing first aid.

Methods: a case report based on an anamnesis and physical examination with the use of medical records, including radiological records, of a 14-year-old boy after an injury.

Conclusions: The most important factors determining the success of the replantation procedure are: the time from the injury to contact with the dentist, and storage medium of an avulsed tooth. Both are only dependent on the person who has been injured or the guardian of minors. For this reason, it is important to raise public awareness of first aid in dentistry. Successful replantation of a tooth that has been outside the socket for more than 60 minutes may be associated with complications such as ankylosis or root resorption. However, even in case of the above- mentioned sequelae, the profit and loss balance is favorable, because the replanted tooth prevents bone loss, which is crucial due to future implantation, and the possible development of ankylosis in the developmental age can be treated with the decoronation procedure.
Análisis de los roles de género de las protagonistas femeninas de la serie “HIT” de RTVE.
Authors: Maroto González Isaac , Rodríguez Martelo Talia
Published: July 2022

La ficción cinematográfica y televisiva, como reflejo o denuncia de la realidad existente, cobra mayor relevancia cuando esta ficción está integrada en la programación de los medios de servicio público. Estos contenidos se difunden con el objetivo de entretener, pero también de provocar la reflexión sobre determinados temas de índole social. En este contexto se desarrolla la ficción televisiva de “Hit”, estrenada en septiembre de 2020 su primera temporada y en octubre de 2021 la segunda. La trama se centra en el ámbito escolar con un elenco de adultos y adolescentes cuyo epicentro es el centro educativo que comparten. Dado el punto de partida del relato de la serie, resulta de interés indagar el análisis de los arquetipos de las protagonistas femeninas que intervienen. Esta investigación explora y analiza la naturaleza de 12 personajes (de la primera temporada, de la segunda e intervinientes en ambas) y su representación desde un enfoque cualitativo y basado en la metodología de análisis de personajes individual y comparativo. De los perfiles narrativos analizados se puede desprender cómo en ocasiones las protagonistas responden a estereotipos de género que experimentan una transformación y por ello el relato tiene ese punto de partida, pero también existen otras protagonistas cuya personalidad se construye en función de patrones típicos de feminidad sin perspectiva de género recurriendo a arquetipos narrativos sin evolución.
La verificación en la era de las fake news. Algunos ejemplos sobre el COVID-19.
Authors: Fernández Barrero Ángeles , López Redondo Isaac
Published: July 2022

España ha sido uno de los países más afectados por las noticias falsas en el contexto de la pandemia por el coronavirus, un fenómeno conocido como infodemia, con más del 80 % de la población afectada, especialmente a través de redes sociales y WhatsApp. Esta situación ha conllevado una intensa actividad verificadora de los factcheckers. En este artículo tratamos de analizar la dinámica de la verificación y la rutina narrativa de estos textos, así como el esfuerzo de algunas instituciones científicas para concienciar a los ciudadanos sobre la necesidad de recurrir a fuentes autorizadas. Aportamos un marco contextual de la infodemia y una descripción cualitativa sobre el proceso de verificación de hechos por parte de medios, instituciones y fact-checkers a partir de ejemplos de bulos y noticias falsas que traspasaron los filtros de los medios y otros que fueron frenados con un diligente proceso de verificación, atendiendo a su mayor relevancia en el sistema de indexación de textos de Google. El estudio muestra cómo la verificación, pese a no ser un procedimiento nuevo en el ámbito periodístico, cobra fuerza entre las tendencias recientes en la producción de contenidos, un fenómeno ligado a la necesidad de clarificar y luchar contra la desinformación. Los textos siguen unos parámetros narrativos constantes aunque sólo los medios de calidad, con un perfil activo, y los fact-checkers utilizan procedimientos primarios de verificación, mientras que medios más pasivos optan por procesos mediatizados y son más proclives a la absorción de bulos.
‘Nunca comprenderán que yo también tenía corazón’. Sobre el testimonio del victimario en el cine documental .
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación en curso sobre la representación de los genocidios en el cine documental. En esta instancia se indagará en torno a las características del testimonio del victimario en el cine documental, efectuando un mapeo por diversas producciones. Se presentará un posible esquema que prestará atención en la matriz narrativa de los testimonios y los modos de responsabilidad que allí se exponen. De este modo, se presentarán dos grandes polos que oscilarán entre la entrevista –más ligada a brindar información “objetiva”– y el trabajo de confesión –ámbito donde el perpetrador medita sobre su subjetividad–
El ‘silencio’ de los perpetradores. Una aproximación a la literatura alemana de los perpetradores del Tercer Reich.
Authors: E. Jirku Brigitte
Published: July 2022

Este artículo pretende dar una visión general de la literatura alemana de perpetradores del Tercer Reich y de su recepción, marcada por el silencio. La primera parte presenta un resumen de las condiciones de Alemania como Täternation y muestra cómo los juicios condenaron a los perpetradores al silencio. Una mirada a la edición crítica de Mein Kampf, publicada en Alemania en 2016, puntualiza los problemas y la escasa literatura tanto autobiográfica como ficcional de perpetradores en lengua alemana, incluso en la segunda y tercera generación de escritores
La filosofía existencial como “vox clamantis in deserto”. La lectura shestoviana de la filosofía de Søren Kierkegaard.
Authors: Dobre Catalina Elena
Published: July 2022

Siendo un pensador peculiar y entendido como un out-sider, Lev Shestov es el creador de una filosofía genuina que viene a romper el pensamiento para reconstruir; es decir, poner las bases de una filosofía con sentido trágico que se opone a todo pensar especulativo y positivista. Las raíces de esta filosofía las encuentra en la escritura de Kierkegaard, entre otros. El filósofo danés es un pensador que lo atormenta y que representa para su creación un momento decisivo, ya que le devuelve a Shestov la esperanza de que su filosofía de la tragedia encuentra un sustento en la filosofía existencial creada por el filósofo danés. En estas páginas el objetivo es evidenciar aquello que Lev Shestov descubre al leer la obra de Kierkegaard para sustentar el desarrollo del significado de lo que denominará cómo filosofía de la tragedia; una filosofía que nace en la desesperación, en la repetición, en la segunda dimensión del pensamiento; en la angustia y en la fe, y en la revelación.
La filosofía en tiempos de Covid-19 y pospandemia: hacia una nueva humanidad.
Authors: París Albert Sonia
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es fomentar el cultivo de una nueva humanidad tras la dramática vivencia de la Covid-19. Con una metodología que deconstruye algunas consideraciones filosóficas sobre la pandemia, se alcanza el resultado de que es preciso estimular valores y actitudes que lleven hacia la cooperación y el reconocimiento si se quiere lograr una significativa humanización de las personas, sociedades y culturas. Así, se concluye que urge una revolución humana de la mano de la filosofía, con la que se revalorice el diálogo, la racionalidad comunicativa, la intersubjetividad y lo colectivo, junto con la sencillez y la cotidianidad. Palabras clave: Covid-19, filosofía, nueva humanidad, cooperación, reconocimiento.
Historia e identidad: reflexiones en torno a Ibn Jaldún y Hegel.
Authors: Martín Navarro Alejandro
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo aborda las relaciones entre historia e identidad tomando como punto de partida ciertos conceptos compartidos en la obra filosófica de Ibn Jaldún y Hegel. En la introducción, expongo algunas de ideas básicas que se plantean en el ámbito de la filosofía de la historia, especialmente aquellas que afectan a la cuestión del motor de la historia; a continuación, abordo la reflexión jalduniana sobre las diferentes formas de civilización y el carácter dialéctico de sus relaciones recíprocas; en tercer lugar, analizo el concepto hegeliano de historia como realización del espíritu; por último, reflexiono sobre el aporte de ambos autores a la comprensión del sentido de la historia como ámbito de disputa de la identidad humana.
Karol Wojtyła na tle kultury epoki: Lata krakowskie 1938-1978
Authors: Gapiński Bartłomiej
Published: July 2022

The book presents the life of Karol Wojtyła in the so-called Kraków period before he became a pope. The beginning caesura is the year 1938 – when a young man, after passing a matura exam in Wadowice, comes to Kraków in order to study Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University. The closing caesura is marked by the second conclave in 1978, during which a cardinal form Kraków became a pope and accepted the name of John Paul II. The author describes the diverse vicissitudes of the Wojtyła’s fate, which were under the influence of experience of two totalitarian systems. He elaborates on Wojtyła’s personality, outlines character traits of this person. The author considers Wojtyła as one of the actors of underground theatre, a poet, dramatist, and writer of mystery plays. He presents Wojtyła’s philosophical achievements and affirmation of personalism, and shows commonness of Wojtyła’s life as a scholar. Separately, the relations created by this clergyman in a touristic Christian ministry and his attitude towards laymen have been considered. The largest part of the book concerns the basic social role of Wojtyła, i.e. his priesthood. The author presents how Catholic social science and the decisions of Vatican Council II inspired Wołtyła. The book also includes an interpretation of the clergyman’s approach to the priesthood of other people. The author links Wojtyła’s priestly practices to the context of communism, and elaborates on the forms of new evangelisation (advisory service for families, oases, Apostolic Groups, Sacrosong festivals, new post-conciliar liturgy, democratisation in structures of the Church subordinate to Wojtyła, Synod of Kraków Archdiocese). The last part of the publication includes considerations about Wojtyła’s attitude towards the dominant model of the then religiousness, i.e. “folk religiousness”.
Student Teachers and Online Microteaching: Overcoming Challenges in the Age of the Pandemic
Authors: Kokkinos Theodoros
Published: July 2022

Recent changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced higher education institutions worldwide to transition to online courses. The challenges that the pandemic poses for microteaching are very significant, as it is highly application-based and complicates online implementation. The current study aims to examine prospective teachers' experiences with online microteaching. The participants (N = 21) were Greek university undergraduate students. Specifically, their experiences with online microteaching were examined through reflective texts and follow-up interviews. Data were analyzed based on a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) by two independent reviewers. The findings showed that the main advantage of the specific process is the collaboration with fellow students, while the main challenges concern technical difficulties and anxiety. Qualitative analysis revealed that anxiety overlapped with collaboration, while more detailed aspects of the process (e.g., video rehearsals and retakes) provided a unique framework.
20 watt-level single transverse mode narrow linewidth and tunable random fiber laser at 1.5 µm band
Authors: Ma Rui , Quan Xin , Wu Han , Gao Wang Cheng , Huang Da Jie , Wang Xiao Chao , Xu Shi Xiang , Fan Dian Yuan , Liu Jun
Published: July 2022

High power 1.5 µm band fiber lasers are of great importance for many practical applications. Generally, the technical targets including high average output power, narrow linewidth, temporally suppressed intensity dynamics, high spectral purity, single transverse mode lasing, and excellent robustness are the major concerns when constructing a high-performance laser source. Here, we demonstrate the highest output power of a wavelength tunable 1.5 µm band random fiber laser based on the active fiber gain mechanism to the best of our knowledge. A master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration is employed to greatly boost the output power to 20 watt-level with a single transverse mode lasing and the same linewidth as the seed, benefiting from the spectral broadening free feature when employing the random fiber laser as the seed. This work not only enriches the progress of random fiber laser, but also provides an attractive alternative in realizing high performance lasing light source at 1.5 µm band.
Tailoring permittivity using metasurface: a facile way of enhancing extreme-angle transmissions for both TE- and TM-polarizations
Authors: Chu ZunTian , Li Tiefu , Wang Jiafu , Jiang Jinming , Zhu Ruichao , Gui Boheng , Qu Shaobo
Published: July 2022

The transmission of electromagnetic (EM) waves through a dielectric plate will be decreased significantly when the incident angle becomes extremely large, regardless of transverse electric (TE)- or transverse magnetic (TM)- polarization. In this regard, we propose a facile way of tailoring the permittivity of the dielectric material using metasurface to enhance the transmissions of both TE- and TM-polarized waves under extremely large incidence angles. Due to parallel or antiparallel electric fields induced by the metasurface, the net electric susceptibility is altered, and hence the effective permittivity can be tailored to improve the impedance matching on the two air-dielectric interfaces, which enhances the wave transmissions significantly under extreme incident angles. As an example, we apply this method to a typical ceramic-matrix composite (CMC) plate. By incorporating orthogonal meta-gratings into the CMC plate, its effective permittivity is reduced for the TE-polarized waves but increased for the TM-polarized waves under the extreme incidence angle, which can reduce the impedance for the TE-polarization and increase the Brewster angle for the TM-polarization. Therefore, the impedance matchings for both TE- and TM-polarizations are improved simultaneously and dual-polarized transmission enhancements are achieved under the extreme angles. Here, the transmission responses have been numerically and investigated using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. A proof-of-principle prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured to verify this method. Both numerical simulations and measurement results show that the prototype can operate under extremely large incidence angles θi∈[75°,85°] with significant transmission enhancement for both TE- and TM-polarizations compared to the pure dielectric plate. This work provides a facile way to enhance the transmissions under extreme angles and can be readily extended to terahertz and optical frequencies.
A Krüppel-like factor is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians
Authors: Issigonis Melanie , Redkar Akshada B. , Rozario Tania , Khan Umair W. , Mejia-Sanchez Rosa , Lapan Sylvain W. , Reddien Peter W. , Newmark Phillip A.
Published: July 2022

Sexually reproducing animals segregate their germline from their soma. In addition to gamete-producing gonads, planarian and parasitic flatworm reproduction relies on yolk cell–generating accessory reproductive organs (vitellaria) supporting development of yolkless oocytes. Despite the importance of vitellaria for flatworm reproduction (and parasite transmission), little is known about this unique evolutionary innovation. Here, we examine reproductive system development in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, in which pluripotent stem cells generate both somatic and germ cell lineages. We show that a homolog of the pluripotency factor Klf4 is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs), presumptive germline stem cells (GSCs), and yolk cell progenitors. Knockdown of this klf4-like (klf4l) gene results in animals that fail to specify or maintain germ cells; surprisingly, they also fail to maintain yolk cells. We find that yolk cells display germ cell–like attributes and that vitellaria are structurally analogous to gonads. In addition to identifying a new proliferative cell population in planarians (yolk cell progenitors) and defining its niche, our work provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that flatworm germ cells and yolk cells share a common evolutionary origin.
The cell surface hyaluronidase TMEM2 plays an essential role in mouse neural crest cell development and survival
Authors: Inubushi Toshihiro , Nakanishi Yuichiro , Abe Makoto , Takahata Yoshifumi , Nishimura Riko , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Irie Fumitoshi , Yamashiro Takashi , Yamaguchi Yu
Published: July 2022

Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component whose tissue levels are dynamically regulated during embryonic development. Although the synthesis of HA has been shown to exert a substantial influence on embryonic morphogenesis, the functional importance of the catabolic aspect of HA turnover is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transmembrane hyaluronidase TMEM2 plays an essential role in neural crest development and the morphogenesis of neural crest derivatives, as evidenced by the presence of severe craniofacial abnormalities in Wnt1-Cre–mediated Tmem2 knockout (Tmem2CKO) mice. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a migratory population of cells that gives rise to diverse cell lineages, including the craniofacial complex, the peripheral nervous system, and part of the heart. Analysis of Tmem2 expression during NCC formation and migration reveals that Tmem2 is expressed at the site of NCC delamination and in emigrating Sox9-positive NCCs. In Tmem2CKO embryos, the number of NCCs emigrating from the neural tube is greatly reduced. Furthermore, linage tracing reveals that the number of NCCs traversing the ventral migration pathway and the number of post-migratory neural crest derivatives are both significantly reduced in a Tmem2CKO background. In vitro studies using Tmem2-depleted mouse O9-1 neural crest cells demonstrate that Tmem2 expression is essential for the ability of these cells to form focal adhesions on and to migrate into HA-containing substrates. Additionally, we show that Tmem2-deficient NCCs exhibit increased apoptotic cell death in NCC-derived tissues, an observation that is corroborated by in vitro experiments using O9-1 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TMEM2-mediated HA degradation plays an essential role in normal neural crest development. This study reveals the hitherto unrecognized functional importance of HA degradation in embryonic development and highlights the pivotal role of Tmem2 in the developmental process.
Estimating the timing of multiple admixture events using 3-locus linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Liang Mason , Shishkin Mikhail , Mikhailova Anastasia , Shchur Vladimir , Nielsen Rasmus
Published: July 2022

Estimating admixture histories is crucial for understanding the genetic diversity we see in present-day populations. Allele frequency or phylogeny-based methods are excellent for inferring the existence of admixture or its proportions. However, to estimate admixture times, spatial information from admixed chromosomes of local ancestry or the decay of admixture linkage disequilibrium (ALD) is used. One popular method, implemented in the programs ALDER and ROLLOFF, uses two-locus ALD to infer the time of a single admixture event, but is only able to estimate the time of the most recent admixture event based on this summary statistic. To address this limitation, we derive analytical expressions for the expected ALD in a three-locus system and provide a new statistical method based on these results that is able to resolve more complicated admixture histories. Using simulations, we evaluate the performance of this method on a range of different admixture histories. As an example, we apply the method to the Colombian and Mexican samples from the 1000 Genomes project. The implementation of our method is available at https://github.com/Genomics-HSE/LaNeta.
Prevalence of and factors associated with swellings of the ribs in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany
Authors: Abele Greta E. , Zablotski Yury , Feist Melanie , Jensen K. Charlotte , Stock Annegret , Campe Amely , Merle Roswitha , Oehm Andreas W.
Published: July 2022

Swellings of the ribs result from severe injury and affected animals are subjected to considerable and prolonged pain and suffering. The knowledge on rib swellings in dairy cows has yet been very limited. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of rib swellings in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany as well as at identifying associated factors. Mean animal-level prevalence of rib swellings for 2,134 cows was 7.54% with a mean of 7.00% on farm level (range 0.00% - 37.49%). Multivariable mixed logistic regression models including nested random effects were built and factors associated with swellings of the ribs were evaluated for 1,740 dairy cows on 96 farms in Germany. Out of the initial 22 predictors, 8 factors were selected for the final model. Managing dairy cows on a part-time basis (OR 0.49 [CI 0.25–0.98]) appeared to decrease the odds for rib swellings compared with full-time farming. Cattle breeds other than Simmental entailed lower odds for rib swellings (OR 0.29 [CI 0.14–0.59]). Lame cows (OR 2.59 [CI 1.71–3.93]) and cows with wounds and/or swellings of the hocks (OR 2.77 [CI 1.32–5.84]) had more than two times the odds for rib swellings compared with sound animals. The results of the present study can help raising awareness of rib swellings in dairy cows and contribute to the body of evidence on this condition.
Structural adjustment programmes and infectious disease mortality
Authors: Nosrati Elias , Dowd Jennifer B. , Marmot Michael , King Lawrence P.
Published: July 2022

International financial organisations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) play a central role in shaping the developmental trajectories of fiscally distressed countries through their conditional lending schemes, known as ‘structural adjustment programmes’. These programmes entail wide-ranging domestic policy reforms that influence local health and welfare systems. Using novel panel data from 187 countries between 1990 and 2017 and an instrumental variable technique, we find that IMF programmes lead to over 70 excess deaths from respiratory diseases and tuberculosis per 100,000 population and that IMF-mandated privatisation reforms lead to over 90 excess deaths per 100,000 population. Thus structural adjustment programmes, as currently designed and implemented, are harmful to population health and increase global infectious disease burdens.
High prevalence and clinical characteristics of respiratory infection by human rhinovirus in children from Lima-Peru during years 2009–2010
Authors: Castañeda-Ribeyro Ariana , Martins-Luna Johanna , Verne Eduardo , Aguila-Luis Miguel Angel , Silva-Caso Wilmer , Ugarte Claudia , Carrillo-Ng Hugo , Cornejo-Tapia Angela , Tarazona-Castro Yordi , del Valle-Mendoza Juana
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Human rhinovirus is a major cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) worldwide. Epidemiological data on human rhinovirus (RV) in Peru is still scarce, as well as its role in respiratory infections in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of rhinovirus and to identify the circulating species in nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute respiratory infections.

Materials and methods

We analyzed nasopharyngeal swab samples that were collected from children younger than 17 years old, who had a clinical diagnosis of ARI from the “Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia” between May 2009 and December 2010. The original study recruited 767 inpatients with ARI, 559 samples of which were included and analyzed in the current study. Detection of rhinovirus and determination of rhinovirus species were characterized by PCR.

Results

Rhinovirus was detected in 42.22% samples (236/559), RV-A was detected in 10.17% (24/236) of the cases, RV-B in 16.53% (39/236), and RV-C in 73.31% (173/236). The age group with the highest number of cases was the 0–5 months group with 45.97%, followed by the 1–5 years group with 25.22%. Most of the positive RV cases, i.e., 86.44% (204/236), were hospitalized. The most common signs and symptoms found in patients who tested positive for RV were cough (72.88%), fever (68.64%), rhinorrhea (68.22%), and respiratory distress (61.44%). Infection with RV-A was associated with wheezing (p = 0.02). Furthermore, RV-C was related to cough (p = 0.01), wheezing (p = 0.002), and conjunctival injection (p = 0.03). A peak in RV-C cases was found in March (32 cases in 2010); June (18 cases in 2009 and 12 cases in 2010), which corresponds to the fall season in Peru; and also November (17 cases in 2009 and 4 cases in 2010), which corresponds to spring. RV-A and RV-B cases were constant throughout the year.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of rhinovirus C infection among pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in Lima, Peru. This viral infection was more common in children between 0 to 5 months old, and was associated with cough, wheezing, and conjunctival injection. Epidemiological surveillance of this virus should be strengthened/encouraged in Peru to determine its real impact on respiratory infections.
Association of the PROGINS PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: A meta-analysis of 30 studies
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zou Xiangman , Wen Xiaosha , Guo Zifen
Published: July 2022

Aims

The progesterone response of the nuclear progesterone receptor plays an important role in the female reproductive system. Changes in the function of the progesterone receptor gene may increase the risk of reproductive cancer. The present study performed a meta-analysis to examine whether the progesterone receptor gene PROGINS polymorphism was a susceptibility factor for female reproductive cancer.

Materials and methods

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE databases for literature on PROGINS polymorphisms and female reproductive cancer published before September 2020. We evaluated the risk using odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals via fixed effects models and random-effects models, which were calculated for all five genetic models. We grouped the analyses by race, cancer, and HWE.

Results

Thirty studies comprised of 25405 controls and 19253 female reproductive cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. We observed that the Alu insertion polymorphism and the V660L polymorphism were significantly associated with female reproductive cancer in the allele and dominant genetic models. The allele genetic model and (Alu-insertion polymorphism: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02–1.45; V660L polymorphism: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13) dominant genetic model (Alu-insertion polymorphism: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03–1.58; V660L polymorphism: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.011.19) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of female reproductive cancer. A subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found that the Alu insertion was associated with female reproductive cancer incidence in white (Allele model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00–1.45; Heterozygous model: OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.30–9.09) and Asian (Dominant model: OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.25–7.79) populations, but the association disappeared for African and mixed racial groups. However, the V660L polymorphism was significantly associated with female reproductive cancer in the African (Allele model: OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.14–5.56; Heterozygous model: OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.26–6.35) and mixed racial groups (Dominant model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01–1.62). Subgroup analysis by cancer showed that the PROGINS polymorphism increased the risk of cancer in the allele model, dominant mode and heterozygous model, but the confidence interval for this result spanned 1 and was not statistically significant. This sensitivity was verified in studies with HWE greater than 0.5.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis showed that the progesterone receptor gene Alu insertion and the V660L polymorphism contained in the PROGINS polymorphism were susceptibility factors for female reproductive cancer.
Mid-late Holocene vegetation history of the Argive Plain (Peloponnese, Greece) as inferred from a pollen record from ancient Lake Lerna
Authors: Vignola Cristiano , Hättestrand Martina , Bonnier Anton , Finné Martin , Izdebski Adam , Katrantsiotis Christos , Kouli Katerina , Liakopoulos Georgios C. , Norström Elin , Papadaki Maria , Strandberg Nichola A. , Weiberg Erika , Masi Alessia
Published: July 2022

This study provides a high-resolution reconstruction of the vegetation of the Argive Plain (Peloponnese, Greece) covering 5000 years from the Early Bronze Age onwards. The well dated pollen record from ancient Lake Lerna has been interpreted in the light of archaeological and historical sources, climatic data from the same core and other regional proxies. Our results demonstrate a significant degree of human impact on the environments of the Argive Plain throughout the study period. During the Early Bronze Age evidence of a thermophilous vegetation is seen in the pollen record, representing the mixed deciduous oak woodland of the Peloponnesian uplands. The plain was mainly used for the cultivation of cereals, whereas local fen conditions prevailed at the coring site. Towards the end of this period an increasing water table is recorded and the fen turns into a lake, despite more arid conditions. In the Late Bronze Age, the presence of important palatial centres modified the landscape resulting in decrease of mixed deciduous oak woodland and increase in open land, partly used for grazing. Possibly, the human management produced a permanent hydrological change at Lake Lerna. From the Archaic period onwards the increasing human pressure in association with local drier conditions caused landscape instability, as attested by a dramatic alluvial event recorded in thePinuscurve at the end of the Hellenistic Age. Wet conditions coincided with Roman times and favoured a forest regeneration pattern in the area, at the same time as we see the most intensive olive cultivation in the pollen record. The establishment of an economic landscape primarily based on pastures is recorded in the Byzantine period and continues until modern times. Overgrazing and fires in combination with arid conditions likely caused degradation of the vegetation into garrigue, as seen in the area of the Argive Plain today.
Goldilocks’ quarter-hectare urban farm: An agent-based model for improved pollination of community gardens and small-holder farms
Authors: Dorin Alan , Taylor Tim , Dyer Adrian G.
Published: July 2022

Industrial agriculture’s expansive monocultures contrast against community farms of diverse crops in small allotments constrained by urban regulations. These human-controlled differences in scale, arrangement and crop diversity, may differently impact insect foraging and pollination. The relationship between human management and insect pollination is under-explored, especially regarding the implications of insect flower constancy–the tendency of insects to favour visits to a single rewarding flower species during a foraging bout. Although high flower-constancy is associated with reliable pollen transport, its impact on pollination depends also on planting regimes, the vicinity of neighbouring crops, weeds and wildflowers. This study explores the potential pollination impacts of insect flower constancy, heterospecific pollen transfer, and human-dictated crop patch size, using an agent-based model of insect pollinators foraging from two flowering plant species. Highly constant pollinators were most effective in the smallest patches when heterospecific pollen transfer was an issue. As patch size increased, pollination rates improved overall, but less constant insects produced better pollination rates for intermediate sized areas because they rapidly switched preferences between flower species. As patch size increased further, the influence of flower constancy on pollination rates was reduced. Study results suggest that typical community farms containing small single-crop patches operated by independent growers within an allotment, may be better pollinated if operated collaboratively to increase single-crop patch size. Crop patches needn’t be large homogeneous agricultural monocultures, but neither should they be so small and heterogeneous as to inhibit pollination. We found a “Goldilocks zone” around 11m x 11m to be a good compromise for pollination, regardless of the level of flower constancy in local insects. As climate and human land use increasingly impact insect populations, the relationships between pollination systems, growers and policy makers must be continually examined to safeguard food supplies and native ecosystems.
Nucleus Detection in Cervical Samples Stained With AgNOR
Authors: Gustavo Atkinson Amorim João , Moreno Sanches Vinícius , Bottamedi Tainee , Victória Matias André , Antônio Martins Cavaco Marco , Sherlley Onofre Alexandre , Botelho Onofre Fabiana B , Von Wangenheim Aldo
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is a public health problem, where the treatment hasa better chance of success if detected early. This paper explores oneway of to analyze argyrophilic nucleolus organizer regions (AgNOR)stained slide using deep learning approaches of object detection fordetecting the different categories of nucleus. Our results show thata balanced dataset between the explored categories was essential,also that a ResNet-50 as backbone of Fast RCNN shows an AP of61.8% and 42.5% to detect nucleus and out of focus nucleus.
Monitoramento inteligente do consumo de energia elétrica em residências utilizando recursos de IoT
Authors: Marcos Rocha Romancini Eliel , Rodrigues Zanon Vinícius , Schiaffino Morales Analúcia , De Oliveira Ourique Fabrício , Moraes Ricardo
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTEnergy efficiency is one of the seventeen sustainable developmentgoals defined by the UN in the 2030 agenda. Therefore, to achievethis goal, the amount of information accessible to consumers isan important factor in the management of energy resources. It ismandatory that homes are equipped with energy meters, however,in Brazil, almost all users only have information on the total energyconsumption available - often estimated at the end of each month.This article proposes a prototype for electric energy monitoring ofthe Smart Meter type, with the IoT concept. In the current version,the system implements the following features: measurement ofvoltage, current, frequency, calculation of active, reactive, apparentpower, power factor, energy consumption, real-time total cost andrecording of this data in memory and in the cloud. The developedsystem uses WiFi communication technology, so that data can betransmitted and interpreted by devices that work with this standard,through a remote WEB application hosted on an AWS service. Thesystem requirements were met when designing the prototype toprovide accurate current and voltage measurements as well asproviding instantaneous, transparent and historical consumptiondata on electrical energy usage.
Abordagem para Análise de Múltiplas Fontes de Dados de Evasão Escolar
Authors: Moura da Silva Eduardo , Borges Ruy Fabiano , Wall Mutz Filipe
Published: July 2022

Scholar dropout is a challenge for educational institutions. It is caused by many factors that should be known to be treated. Some analytical tools can help in this intent, especially when the proper data is well organized in a consistent structure and format. This paper presents a technical approach to allow homogeneous analysis for different scholar data sources, applying it to the dropout domain. This proposal makes use of an ontology to provide a better under- standing of the domain semantics, and to act as an interlanguage for the creation of standardized repositories from where dropout data can be analyzed.
Ausculsensor: Uma exploração no Espaço de Projeto para Ausculta Pulmonar Automática na Fisioterapia
Authors: Oliveira de Mattos Leon Giuliana , Marcelo Hoff do Amaral Érico , Saraçol Domingues Júnior Julio
Published: July 2022

Respiratory diseases are one of the main causes of death in the world, being among the global priorities proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulmonary auscultation is the main method of physical examination of the thorax that leads to a more accurate analysis of pulmonary function to detect respiratory diseases. This procedure is used by its functionality, as it is a non-invasive procedure and also because of the fast detection of abnormalities. Due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), this technique has become essential to determine the severity of the disease, as it makes it possible to identify respiratory changes such as snoring and others problems. Therefore, this work presents a project space exploration to a system capable of performing automatic pulmonary auscultation, through a device capable of capturing the frequency of lung sounds. Many sensor nodes were implemented to evaluate the best solution to fit the auscultation problem. This system uses integration between hardware and software, using a microphone sensor node and a microcontroller board to process the data. The initial experiments performed demonstrated good results and high applicability for the auscultation problem.
Promovendo a Aprendizagem da Robótica nas Escolas com Metodologias Ativas e o Desenvolvimento de um Robô Móvel Acessível para Redução das Desigualdades Sociais
Authors: Eduardo Magrin Carlos , Carolina Luppi Ribas Iana , Alencar Ribas Thiago , Seraphim Vitola Marlene , Treaquin Pedro , Jhosep Surdi Jhoni , Setenareski Magrin César , Todt Eduardo
Published: July 2022

This extension project stimulates students’ interest in maker cultureand various areas of robotics such as mechanics, electronics, andcomputing. The mobile robot educational kit presents differentialsas scalability in production, low cost, flexibility in assembly withoutscrews, and print circuit board project. We researched the literatureon active learning methodologies with a PBL and STEAM approach.With the mobile robotics teaching material created by engineeringand technology students, they teach robotics courses in high schoolsand the community. The ROME is an open-source hardware projectand is available in http://github.com/rosie-projects/rome
Metodologia para o uso do Rastreamento Ocular na Avaliação de Afásicos Fluentes em Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Henrique de Souza† Paulo , R. G. Ramirez Alejandro , Isabel d ́Ávila Freitas Maria
Published: July 2022

Aphasia is a language disorder that can cause deficits inexpression and comprehension. Over the past two decades,interlinguistic studies have been using eye-tracking techniques toinvestigate language comprehension and production. Studiesdemonstrate the use of these techniques in populations withneurological or speech-language disorders, including aphasia. Toinvestigate the use of eye-tracking techniques in Brazilian aphasicindividuals, the authors are proposing a study to analyze sentencecomprehension in the elderly with Broca’s aphasia. In thiscontext, this article presents a literature review to define amethodology for conducting the study. The studies gathered in theliterature review provided subsidies to define the screeningprocess, select stimulus, and define metrics of interest using eyetracking. Finally, the previous results obtained from the analysisof data collected with five aphasic volunteers are presented.
Sistemas de reputação e sua influência: Um comparativo
Authors: Cristian Mello Carvalho Brayner , Ezequiel Corrêa Gabrielly , Pedro Ribeiro de Moura Buzato Pinto João , Mori Lazarin Nilson
Published: July 2022

With the significant increase in internet usage due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has also been an increase in sales through e-commerce. For customers to feel more confident about shopping on their websites, online stores use means of conveying security, andone of these is rating mechanisms and reputation seals. This papercompares data from three Brazilian reputation systems, referring to2020 to detect discrepancies, thus revealing possible inconsistenciesin sure trust seals. In addition, a survey with e-commerce usersis presented that reveals the factors that influence the purchasedecision, like product exchange, free shipping, product evaluation,among others.