bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weaving Indigenous and Western Science Knowledges Through a Land-Based Field Course at Bkejwanong Territory (Laurentian Great Lakes)
Authors: Jacobs Clint , Donaldson Candy , Ives Jessica T. , Keeshig Katrina , Day Torey , Febria Catherine
Published: September 2021

In response to a growing interest in building Indigenous-led educational experiences, we codeveloped a land-based field course that wove Indigenous ways of knowing together with Western ecological concepts. The spirit of the course was the one rooted in varied ways of knowing nature, on the land, the water, and the culture—to see the Great Lakes from an Anishinaabe perspective. Situated in the heart of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin at Bkejwanong Territory (Walpole Island First Nation), in the Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations (Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi) on Turtle Island (North America), this inaugural undergraduate university course was led by an Indigenous instructor with contributions from non-Indigenous science faculty from the university and local community knowledge keepers. Here, we describe our journey in cocreating land-based teaching modules with Indigenous scholars and scholars at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We focused on experiences that exposed students to traditional ways of knowing nature, and reflections were used as the main teaching pedagogy. The course offered daily perspectives and activities across land and water and examined dimensions of biodiversity as sacred beings and medicine. Outcomes and indicators of success were driven by the individual’s reflection and evaluation on their own growth, as expressed through a final project aimed at bridging knowledges, supporting community initiatives or both. This case is designed to offer an example that has potential for application to many other contexts where community-faculty partnerships and land-based learning opportunities are available.
Strength Analysis of the Truck Wheel Rim Robot Gripper
Authors: Tiknis Mindaugas , Sabaliauskas Arturas
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a study of the strength of the truck rim robot gripper structure using the finite element analysis system Solidworks Simulation. The developed CAD model of the gripper was adapted to the research by Solidworks Simulation system, which was used to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the structure. Construction optimization was performed, the obtained results were compared.
Thermographic Analysis of Joints of Supporting Structures
Authors: Skridailaitė Laima , Kelpšienė Loreta , Mockienė Edita
Published: September 2021

The external partitions of a building (walls, roof, etc.) in addition to their supporting functions must also ensure an internal microclimate suitable for comfortable human work, recreation and other activities. This article analyzes the thermal characteristics of the external walls of a residential house and thermographically examines the joints of the different structures of the building. Thermographical examination may be performed either passively or actively. In the former case, the object of the examination ir heated up to a given temperature, after which thermographical images of the object are taken and analyzed. In the latter case, thermographical analysis is made of the object in its naturally established thermal conditions. This article examines the thermal characteristics of the partition structures of a residential building. The values of the thermal properties of the materials are taken from the documentation provided by their manufacturers, and in their absence, the data of the technical building regulations is used. Calculated analytically: the wall of the western annex only meets the C energy class requirements, the insulation of the old part of the building raised the heat transfer coefficient of the partition to class A, the thermal characteristic of the eastern annex wall corresponds to the A + energy class. This thermographic examination showed that the facade covered by the fibrous cement siding absorbed less heat compared to the masonry facades. Based on theoretical calculations and the thermographic analysis, it is recommended to additionally insulate the western annex from the inside. If possible, it is also recommended to additionally insulate both facade joints with polyurethane foam and to seal them with waterproofing mastic to prevent the sunrays from reaching the foam.
Tatars in the Worldview of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
Authors: Liutkevičienė Danutė , Palovienė Birutė
Published: September 2021

The year 2021 was declared the year of the Tatar language and culture in Lithuania. This fact has inspired the authors to take a closer look and examine lexicographic material related to this nation. The image of the Lithuanian Tatars in the eyes of local Lithuanians has been scrutinized by ethnologists, folklorists, historians, linguists. However, their studies in that regard have so far omitted the largest linguistic tract, the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, which can be approached as some kind of a chronicle covering different material from our first writings dated 1547 until 2001. This article firstly aims to take a closer look at the image and relationship between those two ethnic groups, living in the close neighborhood for around 700 years, on the basis of available material recorded in the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. Illustrations provided in the dictionary cover written texts of different scope and types, various dialects across the country, and a broad variety of historical periods.A semantic analysis of roughly 120 illustrative examples associated with the Tatar has revealed an image of how Lithuanians have looked at Tatars – basically the warriors and mostly enemies. Even in peaceful times with no major battles around the Tartars were looked upon as strangers. People different in appearance, clothing, using the language strange to the locals, practicing different traditions, and religious confession. Sometimes local girls, though not too willingly, would get married to Tartars, fearing life could get worse and family links with their relatives will be lost.It is worth mentioning that a considerable number of plants and two animals are etymologically related to Tartars.
Toxicology Testing in a Newborn ICU: Does Social Profiling Play a Role?
Authors: Perlman Nicola C. , Cantonwine David E. , Smith Nicole A.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

A rising incidence in maternal drug use during pregnancy has led to a concomitant rise in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Despite evidence that drug use during pregnancy affects all demographic groups equally, authors of recent studies have suggested that minority women are tested for drug use more than their counterparts. In this study, we aimed to assess whether toxicology testing of neonates was associated with maternal characteristics.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study reviewing charts of neonates born at an urban academic center between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, who underwent toxicology testing. Demographics from tested neonates were taken from mothers’ self-reported data and compared with sociodemographics of all mothers with deliveries in 2018, including age, race, marital status, and zip code. Indication for toxicology testing as recorded by ordering clinician was also collected. There were no standardized guidelines for toxicology testing during this study period.

RESULTS

Of 6438 births in 2018, toxicology testing was sent on 86 neonates (1.3%). Mothers of neonates with testing were younger (P < .0001), less likely to be white (P < .0001), self-reported “single” (P < .0001), and lived in lowest income zip codes (P < .0001). Indications for testing were varied, with the most common indications including maternal substance use disorder (37%) and marijuana use (26%).

CONCLUSION

Maternal age, race, marital, and socioeconomic status were associated with toxicology testing on neonates, although data suggest that drug use affects all demographic groups. Current practice at our institution may overtest some groups. Evidence-based, standardized guidelines are urgently needed to reduce bias and repercussions of toxicology testing of neonates.
The Association of Social Factors and Time Spent in the NICU for Mothers of Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Weikel Blair W. , Palau Mauricio A. , Greenfield Jennifer C. , Hall Anne , Klawetter Susanne , Neu Madalynn , Scott Jessica , Shah Pari , Roybal Kristi L. , Hwang Sunah S.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the association between maternal social factors and maternal time spent in the NICU for very preterm infants admitted to 4 level III and IV NICUs.

METHODS

In this prospective observational cohort study, we enrolled mother–infant dyads whose infants were born <32 weeks' gestation. Enrollment occurred after 2 weeks of NICU exposure, when maternal social factors and demographic information was collected. Maternal time spent in the NICU was abstracted from the electronic medical record and was dichotomized into 0 to 6 days and ≥6 days per week. Demographic differences between the 2 groups were compared by using χ2 tests. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between maternal social factors and the average number of days per week spent in the NICU.

RESULTS

A total of 169 mother–infant dyads were analyzed. Maternal social factors associated with more time spent in the NICU included an annual household income of >$100 000, compared with those with an annual household income of <$50 000 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77–18.19), a travel time <30 minutes to the NICU (compared with those who traveled >60 minutes [aOR: 7.85; 95% CI 2.81–21.96]), and the lack of other children in the household, compared with women with other children (aOR: 3.15; 95% CI 1.39–7.11).

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal time spent in the NICU during a prolonged birth hospitalization of a very preterm infant differed by socioeconomic status, travel time, and presence of other dependents. Strategies to better identify and reduce these disparities to optimize engagement and, subsequently, improve infant health outcomes is needed.
Maternal-to-Fetal Transmission of Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Easterlin Molly Crimmins , Ramanathan Rangasamy , De Beritto Theodore
Published: September 2021

Between 2012 and 2018, rates of congenital syphilis increased by 291% in the United States. In 2018, the rate of congenital syphilis was the highest it has been since 1995. Given these concerning epidemiologic trends, this review seeks to summarize the maternal-to-fetal transmission of syphilis to ensure adequate care of affected mothers and their infants. It also serves as a call to reinvest public health resources and reestablish infrastructure to ensure reversal of this concerning trend to stop preventable perinatal deaths, associated morbidities, and long-term consequences of congenital syphilis.
The Influence of Religion on the Political Situation in Egypt in 2011–2013: "Political Islam" and "Islamic Fundamentalism"
Authors: Palamar Antonіі
Published: September 2021

The influence of religion on politics is inherent not only to the Islamic world, however, none of political theorist should ignore the role of Islam in Muslims’ public life, its impact on the policies of Muslim nations and the global geopolitical situation. Due to its historical uniqueness Modern Islam is not only a religion but also a way of life for the vast majority of Muslims and the basis of their civilizational and even national self-identification. Therefore, the role of religion in the Muslim world is different to that of countries, mostly populated by Christians, as Christianity is legally separated from the system of public administration in European countries. Islam, on the other hand, regulates not only the sociocultural sphere of society, including human relations, but also significantly affects the socio-political life of many Muslim countries, where Islamist movements have now become the major part this sphere.In Egypt, where authoritarian secular regime of Hosni Mubarak was overthrown during the revolution, Islamists took the lead in the protest movement, won the first democratic elections and used the opportunity to lead the country after nearly 60 years of underground activity. This paper examines the influence of the religious factor on the change of Egypt’s political regime in 2011-2013 by conceptualizing the terms of “political Islam” and “Islamic fundamentalism.” The author concludes that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and its Freedom and Justice Party should not be defined as “fundamentalists” because: 1. they don’t try to return to a “righteous caliphate,” Sharia, and a literal perception of the sacred texts; 2. the Brothers could not be viewed as the most conservative force among Islamists, while Salafists are properly rightly considered to be; 3. the association is considered as a part of moderate Islamism, an ideology that does not mandate any the use of armed methods of struggle. At the same time, the author argues that owing to the fact that Egyptian “Muslim Brotherhood” adhered to moderate Islamism as an ideological party basis, it became a decisive reason that provided them a venue at the top tier of the government in 2011-2013.
Theatrical component of protests against Covid-quarantines: socio-philosophical reflection
Authors: Prokopovych Lada
Published: September 2021

The socio-political life of society presupposes communication between the authorities and the people, and the people with the authorities. This communication can be carried out in various forms, including with elements of theatricality (play, performance, artistry, costumes and sets, drama, direction, etc.). The Covid-19 pandemic has largely changed the socio-political life of different countries, but has not canceled the desire of people to theatricalize this life. This is evidenced, in particular, by the protests against the Covid-quarantines, which added new techniques and subjects to the repertoire of the political “theater”. The purpose of this study is to identify elements of theatricality in protests against Covid-quarantines and to interpret them in a socio-philosophical aspect. The methodological strategy of this study is based on the concept of theatricality of socio-communicative manifestations of culture. This concept allows us to comprehend the essence and forms of existence of social reality in the dynamics of their changes with a change in the cultural (political, socio-economic, informational, etc.) context. As a result of the study, it was found that many protests against quarantine restrictions are characterized by theatrical component withe elements such as play, performance, costumes and scenery, corresponding drama, etc. This is due to the fact that any protest action (whether it be a mass meeting or an individual protest) is a public event addressed to a specific audience to which a specific message needs to be conveyed. However, it was found that in protests against lockdowns, the theatrical component manifests itself in different ways at different stage of the pandemic. During the first wave, elements of costumed performances and comic antics prevailed in them, but for the second wave mass rallies became characteristic, most of which end in clashes with the police. There is much less theatrical content in these actions. This indicates that the theatrical component of the protest action lasts only as long as there is hope for a dialogue with the authorities. When the people do not receive answers to their questions, they begin to use other forms of communication with the authorities.
Home in the format of «life-work-leisure» in modern pandemic conditions: a sociological dimension
Authors: Gudzenko Olesya
Published: September 2021

Unexpected changes, risks and constraints that have arisen in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to transformational changes in the social order of many societies. The effects of the pandemic can now be traced in all spheres of modern life. The usual order of everyday life, the criteria of relevance and interpretive schemes for explainig current events, necessary for life and interaction in society are subject to significant changes and form a "new reality". Sociological discourse immediately responded to ontological shifts with empirical research on the effects of the pandemic in teleworking and distance education, gender and domestic violence, health practices, hygiene, leisure, and new forms of sociality.The pandemic situation has brought to the attention of researchers the daily life of man, which has become more localized in the private space of the home. The new social conditions have forced us to reconsider the requirements for living space. Issues of comfortable planning and personal safety, the ability to work and exercise the right to education, development and entertainment have become even more relevant and defining values in the organization of everyday life of modern man.The combination of different functional areas in a single living space has led to the transformation of the perception of home as a private recreation area. This work is devoted to the study of the impact of existing socio-cultural conditions on the processes of changing the attitude of the citizens of Dnipro to the private space of the house in a new format that combines everyday life, work and leisure. An empirical study of in-depth interviews was conducted to capture changes in the perception of home space in today's pandemic environment. The obtained results testified to a significant transformation of ideas about the organization of everyday life and living space of modern man in the current conditions.
Ethnopolitical challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic: international and national contexts
Authors: Bakalchuk Vladyslava
Published: September 2021

The article considers the current ethno-political challenges caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures of the state to counter the spread of coronavirus infection. The analysis of humanitarian threats is carried out posed by the spread of the pandemic in the ethno-political sphere at the international and national levels. Attention is drawn to the growing vulnerability of certain ethnic and racial groups as a result of the pandemic, both from the coronavirus itself and from the socio-economic consequences of national governments' response to the pandemic. The aim of the article is to analyze the main ethno-political challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic at the international and national levels, as well as the priority goals of the policy to opposition the negative consequences of the spread of coronavirus in Ukraine.The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on "vulnerable" groups from minority communities, in particular – socio-economic factors that cause the spread of coronavirus infection in multicultural communities and reduce the effectiveness of government pandemic policies. Among the main challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are the ethno-political consequences of the pandemic, which are the growing inequality of certain minority groups, discrimination and the conflict-generating potential of interethnic/racial relations within multicultural societies. The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on "vulnerable" groups from minority communities and the growing conflict potential of interethnic / racial relations within multicultural societies.The ethno-political factors of influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Ukrainian society, actual questions of formation and realization of the state policy in the ethnonational sphere concerning protection of vulnerable groups and counteraction to displays of interethnic intolerance are considered. The most vulnerable groups that have suffered the most from the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic and the forms of interethnic intolerance in Ukrainian society during this period have been identified. The article concludes that the effectiveness of the implemented anti-epidemic measures of national governments depends on the state policy in the ethno-political sphere. Also, the importance of further analysis and prevention of ethno-political challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to preserve the domestic political stability of the state and develop an effective policy of preserving interethnic harmony in Ukraine is stated.
Begging and vagrancy in everyday life in the South of Ukraine in the 1920s
Authors: Ivanenko Valentyn
Published: September 2021

The insufficiently studied perspective of regional history related to the identification and characterization of essential features, socio-economic factors and features of the spread of begging and vagrancy as organic components in the structure of deviant phenomena of everyday life in southern Ukraine during the NEP actualizes and analyzes in the article. On the basis of modern theoretical and methodological approaches and methods and representative sources (including archival) it is proved that the most powerful catalysts of their then surge were the devastating consequences of the First World and Civil Wars, total devastation, famine of 1921–1923, migration, without migration. Relevant statistical data have been processed and published. The kinship (common roots) of begging and vagrancy caused by the long-lasting and all-encompassing crisis of society, total and rapidly growing impoverishment and marginalization of the population, the emergence of large masses of disadvantaged people in the South of the republic, deprived of basic social support by the Soviet authorities and the public.The author emphasizes that despite all the shortcomings, miscalculations and contradictions of the then Bolshevik steps to clean the "social bottom" in the region and reincarnate its bearers in the course of normal, full life, this instructive historical experience has not lost some of its relevance today, and therefore could be useful in the development and implementation of appropriate social programs in Ukraine, where under the influence of deep transformation processes, intensive property stratification of society, progressive poverty of the majority of citizens, a fairly high level of such anomalies is consistently recorded.
A educação ambiental apresentada na BNCC e no PCN: uma breve análise
Authors: Fujioka Bárbara Mitsuko Zukeram , Nogueira da Cruz Luciana Aparecida , Moreira de Oliveira Edilson
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como os conteúdos de ciências de documentos curriculares brasileiros propõem o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental e da cidadania. Os documentos pesquisados foram os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Terceiro Ciclo do Ensino Fundamental e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o sexto e sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, foi feita a seleção de trechos relacionados a temática ambiental e posterior análise crítica desses. Os resultados indicam que os documentos pouco contribuem para a Educação Ambiental, pois eles se restringem em propor uma abordagem sistematizada, vaga e conteudista desta. Dessa forma, pouco se oportuniza aos estudantes o desenvolvimento da cidadania, ou seja, a experiência e o entendimento de que as práticas sociais, desenvolvidas coletivamente, são o que efetivamente contribuem para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e mais sustentável. Concluindo, os conteúdos de ciências de ambos os documentos se apresentam como uma forma de desenvolver trabalhadores que reproduzem o modelo de sociedade atual que é pautada na desigualdade e na exploração e desvalorização do meio ambiente.
Emoções em Estudos Organizacionais: Contribuições e desafios ao campo
Authors: Fernandes Camilla , Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wünsch , Lourenço Mariane Lemos
Published: September 2021

As emoções são um tema incipiente na área de estudos organizacionais e possibilitam inúmeras interpretações e pequisas a seu respeito. Assim, considerando-se a novidade da temática ao campo, a partir da técnica metassíntese foi possível formular o seguinte questionamento norteador deste artigo: Como as emoções são abordadas na área de estudos organizacionais? Os principais resultados demonstraram que as emoções em estudos organizacioanis são vistas como aspectos emergentes influenciados pelo contexto e, em estudos de caso, raramente são o foco principal. Com este estudo, constata-se outras maneiras de se trazer as emoções para estudos organizacionais que possuem o potencial de desenvolvimento e discussão. Expõe-se, por fim, maneiras de se aprofundar a referida temática, provendo direções para futuras pesquisas com base nos achados dos artigos selecionados.
Personalidade e risco: uma análise dos processos de tomada de decisão à luz das finanças comportamentais
Authors: Barros Thiago De Sousa , Fujiwara André Stefano
Published: September 2021

Normalmente na economia, quando se trata da tomada de decisão dos agentes econômicos sobre o risco, tem-se como base principal a Teoria da Utilidade. Porém, novos estudos em finanças comportamentais tem sido motivo de grande discussão, pois evidenciam que os indivíduos sofrem de vieses no processo decisório, fazendo com que as decisões nem sempre tendem a otimização. Assim, este estudo tende a contribuir com este tema por meio de uma pesquisa realizada entre 2018 e 2019, que analisou 211 estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação, nos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, levando em consideração a relação entre os traços de personalidade e vieses comportamentais. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa mostraram que dois traços de personalidade (extroversão e abertura) têm uma relação positiva com vieses de enquadramento e concepções errôneas de probabilidade, observou-se também uma relação positiva e significante do traço de personalidade de estabilidade com o viés de ‘concepções errôneas de probabilidade’. Outra constatação que se teve é que o grau de instrução dos indivíduos não tem relação com a ocorrência dos eventos, indicando então que os mesmos ocorrem independentemente do nível de estudos dos indivíduos. Tais resultados enfatizam a importância de estudar este tema por uma nova ótica econômica, como é o caso das finanças comportamentais, trazendo contribuições para o entendimento da tomada de decisão dos agentes, evidenciando como suas características pessoais e personalidade interferem nesse processo.
Olympiodor of Alexandria – Scholarch of the Alexandrian School of Neoplatonism
Authors:   Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Internal of the Russian Federation named after I.D. Putilin, Zajceva Irina
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The domestic and foreign research literature pays great attention to Alexandrian Neo-Platonists of the 4th–6th centuries such as Hypatia, Ammonius son of Hermias, John Philoponus, but at the same time Olympiodorus, David the Invincible, Elias, Horapollon are given insufficient attention. This is largely due to lack of any reliable information in modern science, which reveals the life and professional path of these eminent intellectuals, as well as the fact that the majority of the few preserved works of these authors have not yet been translated into Russian and English. The author of the article aims to study the “intellectual portrait” of Olympiodorus without reconstruction or refinement of his curriculum vitae based on source analysis. Methods and materials. The Intellectual History and the micro-historical approach were chosen as the main methodological basis of this article. The work is based on the system-wide analysis and historical-biographical approach. The source base of the article consists of the extant Olympiodorus works in the book series “Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca”. The historiography of the topic, for the most part, is represented by the works of Western European scientists: L. Westerink, S. Viano, N. Tarrant, etc., in particular. Russian Science almost did not study the personality of Olympiodorus: the only exceptions are small articles or just incorporation of information about him in the biographies of other well-known personalities. Analysis. The author argues for the thesis that Olympiodorus, contrary to the prevailing opinion in Russian science, was a smart executive and a good scientist who managed to preserve the traditions of the Neo-Platonic School of Alexandria by continuing to interpret classical works of Plato and Aristotle. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of Olympiodorus works, the author concludes that Olympiodorus of Alexandria has assumed the post of head of the Alexandrian Philosophical School of Neo-Platonism in the competition with John Philoponus, also he has been able to continue the activities in line with the tradition of Ammonius, son of Hermias while supporting political parity with the Church authorities and has furthermore become one of the first of Alexandrian intellectuals who used a classical scientific approach to interpret works of Plato and Aristotle without striving for their absolutization.
Desert Zone: History of Warfare and Crimes Committed by the Nazis in 1941 on the Territory of the Present-Day Lipetsk Oblast
Authors:   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, Vashkau Nina , Lakiziuk Andrei ,   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. This research focuses on the previously unexplored Nazi crimes on the territory of the modern Lipetsk Oblast in the fall and winter of 1941. It is conducted as part of the nationwide project “Bez sroka davnosti” (No statute of limitation). Newly declassified information from the archives as well as historical evidence from both sides of the conflict allowed us to present a detailed description of those events. Methods and Materials. We used the principles of historicism and objectivity in order to explain the concept of Hitler’s Blitzkrieg against the USSR. We also employed the quantitative method to analyze the structure and equipment of German troops, their readiness for the upcoming battle. Analysis. The leadership of Nazi Germany initially considered the territory of the Soviet Union as their future possessions. Based on this, a policy of treatment of the local population and state property was built, which fits the definition of genocide. The Plans and legal basis for future crimes were developed prior to the outbreak of hostilities. Army corps 45, 134, 95, 262 and 293 Wehrmacht Infantry Divisions, which fought against the 34th and 35th army corps (Red Army), committed various atrocities against the civilian population, as evidenced in detail by archival materials and interrogations of German prisoners of war. Results. The system of the occupation regime was planned in such a way that it was possible to squeeze the maximum out of the occupied lands in favor of Nazi Germany. The behavior of the Wehrmacht soldiers in the occupied territory was destructive in relation to the Soviet population, cultural values and the economy. Technically and morally, the German troops were unable to recover from the defeat received in November-December 1941, while the Red Army was building up its forces and gaining the necessary experience in the fight against the enemy.
The Visit of Envoy Osip Nepeya to England (1556–1557): Success or Failure of Russian Diplomacy?
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kiselev Aleksandr
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The visit of the Russian envoy Osip Nepeya to London in 1556–1557 is usually considered as the beginning of the official relations between Russia and England. In the light of modern views about the sixteenth-century diplomacy, this event requires a more thorough research. Methods. The Nepeya’s trip was traditionally viewed as an insignificant episode in the context of general reviews of bilateral relations concentrated mainly on trade. The reasons and possibilities of the military and political rapprochement between England, Spain and Russia in the 1550s, which was the most likely goal of the Nepeya’s journey to England, have never been investigated. Therefore, this article is based on an analysis of numerous multilingual sources. Analysis. The author clarifies the Nepeya’s diplomatic rank and certain previously unknown details of the Muscovites’ stay in London. He analyzes Nepeya’s mission to England in the context of foreign affairs of Ivan IV, Mary Tudor and Philip II Habsburg. Results. It is concluded that the rulers of Spain and England could provide military support to Ivan IV, but they were not interested in military and political alliance with the Muscovy and the war against Turkey. However, establishing official equal relations between England and Russia at the highest level, as well as obtaining trade privileges for Russian merchants was the main result of Nepeya’s trip. This allows us to conclude that the first Russian diplomatic mission in London was successful.
Evolution of the U.S. Assistance Program and the Soviet “Economic Offensive” Factor (1950s)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shenin Sergey
Published: September 2021

Introduction. This article is devoted to studying the influence of the Soviet “economic offensive” factor in the 1950s on the formation of the New World Economic Order by the American by the American ruling elite in general and the use of such an important tool as foreign assistance in particular in the framework of this process. The reconstruction of this process makes it possible to clarify the specifics of the foreign policy decision-making mechanism in the United States, to identify the ideological approaches of main political interest groups to the goals and methods of building a new world order. Methods and materials. The study uses a group analysis approach as well as American executive and legislative documents, press material, speeches by key politicians, etc., to identify the reasons for the differences among representatives of the three leading interest groups in interpreting the nature of the Soviet “economic offensive” in the Third World countries. Analysis. These differences were primarily due to the possibility of using the factor of the Soviet “aggression” for conducting domestic propaganda campaigns as part of the interest groups struggle for control over the foreign assistance program. Thus, the representatives of the atlantists group claimed that the main threat from the Communist world remained in the military sphere; the globalist-oriented progressives insisted that the Soviet “economic offensive” was a critical danger to U.S. interests, while conservatives declared that the “myths” about the Soviet-communist threats to the United States in the Third World were invalid. Results. In the second half of the 1950s the group of progressives used the factor of the Soviet “economic offensive” more effectively in the framework of their campaigns (there were four of them), which allowed them to take control over the foreign assistance program and begin to reorient the American strategic course from the prevailing ideology of “mutual security” towards the global developmentalism.
The European Union’s Strategy for the South Caucasus Countries Within the Eastern Partnership Program: 20 Deliverables for 2020
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Parubochaya Elena , Prygunkova Anna ,   Volgograd State University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Due to the destabilization of the situation in the countries of the South Caucasus in 2020, the region is of particular relevance today. At the present stage, it is an object of geopolitical competition for numerous international actors: the Russian Federation, the United States of America, the European Union, the Republic of Turkey. The article examines the EU policy in the process of implementing the Eastern Partnership program as part of the European political strategy. In relation to the South Caucasus region, the interim results of the EU’s activities on the implementation of 20 deliverables for 2020 in relation to the states of the South Caucasus are analyzed. Methods. Comparative analysis makes it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of European policy in the region by identifying priority areas and development prospects by comparing the intermediate results of 20 deliverables for 2020 in the South Caucasus countries within the framework of their bilateral relations with the EU. Analysis. The analysis of the activities of the European Union in relation to the South Caucasus countries is associated with the determination of the prospects for the development of the European strategy in the region. The analysis included tracking the dynamics of the implementation of the 20 deliverables for 2020 in relation to Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, as well as options for developing a European strategy in the South Caucasus countries, taking into account the new policy in the context of the Eastern Partnership beyond 2020. Results. As a result of the analysis, the EU’s competitive advantages in the South Caucasus were determined by identifying areas in which the EU’s geopolitical interests intersect with other actors.
Patronage and Clientele in the Muscovite State in the 16th and 17th Centuries: Historiography and the Key Issues
Authors:   European University at Saint Petersburg, Krom Mikhail
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The paper deals with the phenomenon of patron-client relations in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Russia, which until recently has been almost completely neglected by the scholars. Relying on recent publications and his own findings, the author addresses the key issues of the topic including the origins of this phenomenon in Russia, the typology of patron-client relations and their specifics in Muscovy. Methods and materials. The paper combines a survey of the current historiography with examination of selected primary sources (mainly private letters from archival collections) and forays into the theory of patron-client relations elaborated by social scientists. Comparing the Muscovite patronage system to its counterparts in other European countries enables some hypotheses about the peculiarities of patron-client relations in pre-Petrine Russia. Analysis. Addressing the problem of the origins of the Russian patronage the author traces the evolution of social relations and the appearance of the specific language of patronage which leads him to a conclusion that the phenomenon in question might have emerged by the end of the 16th century. Proceeding then to the typology of patron-client relations, the author assumes that, although only aristocratic patronage has been thoroughly studied so far, similar phenomena can be detected in other milieus as well, including the Church, where nepotism and corporate clientelism flourished. Finally, the author isolates some specific features of the Muscovite patronage, especially its depoliticized and decentralized character, as contrasted to the analogous phenomena in Poland-Lithuania, England, and France. Results. Summing up the present-day knowledge of the Muscovite patronage, the author highlights it as a typically early modern phenomenon that evolved within the official state institutions and functioned as an addendum to them.
Cross Pollination's Nomadic Laboratory: a praxis in-between practices
Authors: Selva Adriana La , Campbell Patrick , Nie Marije , Maciel Andrea
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT This collaborative writing presents the ways in which practitioner-researchers from Cross Pollination (CP), an international arts research platform with a focus on knowledge exchange, create nomadic and temporary laboratory spaces. It is argued that the encounter between different experiences of performative craft generates epistemic insights that enable members of the platform to rearticulate their practices through the reterritorialization of specialized techniques. Furthermore, the article discusses how an ethos of companionship may appear through dialogical and horizontal practices, contributing to a renewal of the theatre laboratory.
Intensity-duration-frequency curves in the municipality of Belo Horizonte from the perspective of non-stationarity
Authors: Nunes Aline de Araújo , Pinto Eber José de Andrade , Baptista Márcio Benedito , Paula Mhaisa Henrique de , Xavier Mateus Oliveira
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The study of changes in hydrological data series is of great scientific and practical importance for water resources systems, since these are normally projected based on the assumption that time series is statistically stationary. However, such assumption may not be verified when aspects as changes or climatic variability are considered. In this sense, the present study sought to identify trends in maximum rainfall intensities in Belo Horizonte (MG) and propose, in view of the observed results, a new intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve from the perspective of non-stationarity. For the trend analysis, statistical tests were applied, and an adaptation of the concept “Minimax Design Life Level” was proposed to quantify rainfall intensities and fit a non-stationary IDF curve. As a result, different trends were detected, with an increase in rainfall intensities for durations equal to or less than 1 hour starting in 2000. Regarding the IDF relationships, the obtained rain intensities were up to 48% higher than current estimates. Our results emphasize the need to periodically review IDF relationships in order to avoid under or overestimation in the design of hydraulic structures.
Resistance of transgenic papaya trees to papaya ringspot in Brazil
Authors: Meissner Filho Paulo Ernesto , Vilarinhos Alberto Duarte , Oliveira Vania Jesus dos Santos de , Silva Dreid de Cerqueira Silveira da , Santos Vanderlei da Silva , Dantas Jorge Luiz Loyola
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of transgenic papaya populations (PTPs) to Papaya ringspot virus-P (PRSV-P). 'Sunrise Solo' transgenic papaya plants were produced with the gene of the PRSV-P protein coat, and PRSV was mechanically inoculated in plants in greenhouse conditions. The presence of the CP/PRSV gene and homozygosis were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Selected plants and the 'Sunrise Solo' control were transplanted to the field for agronomic evaluations. The plants evaluated in greenhouse conditions showed resistance between 96.3 and 5.8%, without variation of symptoms. The PTPs 1/6, 1/7, 1/9, 1/10, 1/15, 2/38, 2/41, 2/56, 2/65, 3/27, 3/46, 3/48, 4/9, 4/27, 8/4, 8/23, 8/33, 18/3, 18/4, 18/8, 18/22, 18/27, 28/97, 28/104, and 28/110 showed no symptoms, they were ELISA negative, and most of them contained the CP and NPT II genes. PTPs 1/6 and 3/46 had the CP gene in homozygosis and in double insertion. PTPs 1/6/20, 1/6/59, 1/6/64, 1/6/90, 3/46/44, 3/46/52, and 18/27/97 had a well-formed fruit cluster, piriform fruit weighing approximately 500 grams, orange pulp, and less than 10% carpelloidy. PTPs 1/6/59 and 3/46/52 show resistance to PRSV, good agronomic characteristics, and the CP gene in homozygosis.
Grass size and butterfly pea inclusion modify the nutritional value of elephant grass silage
Authors: Lemos Maikon Figueredo , Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão de , Guim Adriana , Cunha Márcio Vieira da , Silva Pedro Henrique Ferreira da , Atroch Thayná Milano Assis , Simões Neto Djalma Euzébio , Oliveira Neto Pedro Mouzinho de , Medeiros Aurielle Silva , Clemente João Vitor Fernandes
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of silages from tall-sized and dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, intercropped or not with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea). The experiment was performed in randomized complete blocks, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (four genotypes × two cropping systems). The genotypes intercropped or not with butterfly pea were: IRI-381 and Elephant B, tall sized; and Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott, dwarf. Forage was harvested 60 days after regrowth. In the silage from Mott grass intercropped with butterfly pea, lower contents of lignin (78.1 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (636.0 g kg-1), and neutral detergent insoluble protein (13.15 g kg-1), besides a greater dry matter recovery (873.3 g kg-1), were observed. The silage from Taiwan A-146 2.37 intercropped with the legume showed a greater crude protein content (136.1 g kg-1). In both silages, the ammonia nitrogen contents were quite reduced (26.4 g kg-1). However, greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed in the silages from the intercrop (1.85 mg g-1) and from the Mott grass monocrop (1.51 mg g-1). Moreover, there was a lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (676.7 g kg-1) for the silage from the intercrop. Dwarf genotypes increase the nutritional value of elephant grass silage, compared with the tall-sized ones. Intercropping with butterfly pea improves silage fermentation characteristics, despite reducing its digestibility. Therefore, the ensilage of dwarf Mott elephant grass intercropped with butterfly pea shows more promising results.
On berm design of Icelandic-type breakwaters (case study: Sirevåg berm breakwater)
Authors: Ehsani Majid , Moghim Mohammad Navid , Shafieefar Mehdi
Published: September 2021

An experimental model of an Icelandic-berm breakwater has been set up in the hydraulic laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University using irregular waves. Experimental model tests have been carried out using a wide range of sea-state conditions and geometrical parameters to measure different parameters, such as the eroded area (Ae), the berm recession (Rec) and the depth of the intersection point of initial and reshaped profiles (hf). A stability formula is proposed to establish the relationship between the damage parameter of the Icelandic-berm breakwater (Sd) and the non-dimensional form of Rec and hf. The application of the given formula for estimating the berm recession in the phenomenon and practical cases was evaluated employing the Sirevåg berm breakwater. The results of the evaluation highlight the appropriate estimation of berm recession. Moreover, some recommendations are suggested to consider berm parameters, such as the berm width, the berm elevation from still water level and the height of class I stones, as an Icelandic-type berm breakwater design criterion for future engineers. Eventually, taking all the proposed formulae and recommendations into consideration, a design tool for engineers in berm design of berm breakwaters has been provided.
Рейтинг инновационного развития субъектов Российской Федерации. Выпуск 5
Authors: Абдрахманова Гульнара , Бахтин Павел , Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Исланкина Екатерина , Киндрась Алексей , Ковалева Галина , Ковалева Наталья , Кузнецова Вера , Кузнецова Ирина , Кузьмин Глеб , Кузьминов Илья , Куценко Евгений , Мартынов Денис , Мартынова Светлана , Нечаева Елена , Ратай Татьяна , Сагиева Галина , Стрельцова Екатерина , Тимофеев Антон , Точилина Елена , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин
Published: September 2021

Пятое издание аналитического доклада, подготовленного Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках деятельности Российской кластерной обсерватории, посвящено анализу инновационного развития российских регионов на основе комплекса рейтинговых оценок. Исследование базируется на системе показателей, характеризующих социально-экономические условия инновационной деятельности, научно-технический потенциал, уровень инновационной активности, качество региональной инновационной политики. Используемые показатели отвечают российским и международным статистическим стандартам, применяемые методологические подходы соответствуют практике построения региональных инновационных индексов и формирования соответствующих рейтингов под эгидой Европейской комиссии и других международных организаций. В настоящем издании впервые представлен экспериментальный расчет рейтинга готовности регионов к будущему.