bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid diagnosis and reduced workload for urinary tract infection using flowcytometry combined with direct antibiotic susceptibility testing
Authors: Gilboe Hanne Margrethe , Reiakvam Olaug Marie , Aasen Linda , Tjade Trygve , Bjerner Johan , Ranheim Trond Egil , Gaustad Peter
Published: July 2021

Background

We evaluated if flowcytometry, using Sysmex UF-5000, could improve diagnosis of urinary tract infections by rapid identification of culture negative and contaminated samples prior to culture plating, thus reducing culture plating workload and response time. We also evaluated if it is possible to reduce the response time for antibiotic susceptibility profiles using the bacteria information flag on Sysmex UF-5000 to differentiate between Gram positive and negative bacteria, followed by direct Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (dAST) on the positive urine samples.

Methods

One thousand urine samples were analyzed for bacteria, white blood cells and squamous cells by flowcytometry before culture plating. Results from flowcytometric analysis at different cut-off values were compared to results of culture plating. We evaluated dAST on 100 urine samples that were analyzed as positive by flowcytometry, containing either Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria.

Results

Using a cut-off value with bacterial count ≥100.000/mL and WBCs ≥10/μL, flowcytometry predicted 42,1% of samples with non-significant growth. We found that most contaminated samples contain few squamous cells. For 52/56 positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria dAST was identical to routine testing. Overall, there was concordance in 555/560 tested antibiotic combinations.

Conclusion

Flowcytometry offers advantages for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Screening for negative urine samples on the day of arrival reduces culture plating and workload, and results in shorter response time for the negative samples. The bacteria information flag predicts positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria for dAST with high accuracy, thus Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile can be reported the day after arrival. For the positive samples containing Gram negative bacteria the concordance was very good between dAST and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in routine. For positive samples containing Gram positive bacteria the results were not convincing. We did not find any correlation between epithelial cells and contamination.
Classification of masked image data
Authors: Lis Kamila , Koryciński Mateusz , Ciecierski Konrad A.
Published: July 2021

Data classification is one of the most commonly used applications of machine learning. The are many developed algorithms that can work in various environments and for different data distributions that perform this task with excellence. Classification algorithms, just like other machine learning algorithms have one thing in common: in order to operate on data, they must see the data. In the present world, where concerns about privacy, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), business confidentiality and security are growing bigger and bigger; this requirement to work directly on the original data might become, in some situations, a burden. In this paper, an approach to the classification of images that cannot be directly accessed during training has been made. It has been shown that one can train a deep neural network to create such a representation of the original data that i) without additional information, the original data cannot be restored, and ii) that this representation—called a masked form—can still be used for classification purposes. Moreover, it has been shown that classification of the masked data can be done using both classical and neural network-based classifiers.
Early treatment with a combination of two potent neutralizing antibodies improves clinical outcomes and reduces virus replication and lung inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infected macaques
Authors: Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Olstad Katherine J. , Sammak Rebecca L. , Dutra Joseph , Watanabe Jennifer K. , Usachenko Jodie L. , Immareddy Ramya , Verma Anil , Shaan Lakshmanappa Yashavanth , Schmidt Brian A. , Roh Jamin W. , Elizaldi Sonny R. , Allen A. Mark , Muecksch Frauke , Lorenzi Julio C. C. , Lockwood Sarah , Pollard Rachel E. , Yee JoAnn L. , Nham Peter B. , Ardeshir Amir , Deere Jesse D. , Patterson Jean , Dang Que , Hatziioannou Theodora , Bieniasz Paul D. , Iyer Smita S. , Hartigan-O’Connor Dennis J. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Reader J. Rachel
Published: July 2021

There is an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2, including new variants that continue to arise. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have shown promise in clinical studies. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of two potent monoclonal antibodies, C135-LS and C144-LS that carry half-life extension mutations, in the rhesus macaque model of COVID-19. Twelve young adult macaques (three groups of four animals) were inoculated intranasally and intra-tracheally with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 and 24 hours later, treated intravenously with a high (40 mg/kg) or low (12 mg/kg) dose of the C135-LS and C144-LS antibody combination, or a control monoclonal antibody. Animals were monitored for 7 days. Compared to the control animals, animals treated with either dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed similarly improved clinical scores, lower levels of virus replication in upper and lower respiratory tract, and significantly reduced interstitial pneumonia, as measured by comprehensive lung histology. In conclusion, this study provides proof-of-concept in support of further clinical development of these monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 during early infection.
Varicella-zoster virus early infection but not complete replication is required for the induction of chronic hypersensitivity in rat models of postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Warner Benjamin E. , Yee Michael B. , Zhang Mingdi , Hornung Rebecca S. , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Visalli Robert J. , Kramer Phillip R. , Goins William F. , Kinchington Paul R.
Published: July 2021

Herpes zoster, the result of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, is frequently complicated by difficult-to-treat chronic pain states termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). While there are no animal models of VZV-induced pain following viral reactivation, subcutaneous VZV inoculation of the rat causes long-term nocifensive behaviors indicative of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Previous studies using UV-inactivated VZV in the rat model suggest viral gene expression is required for the development of pain behaviors. However, it remains unclear if complete infection processes are needed for VZV to induce hypersensitivity in this host. To further assess how gene expression and replication contribute, we developed and characterized three replication-conditional VZV using a protein degron system to achieve drug-dependent stability of essential viral proteins. Each virus was then assessed for induction of hypersensitivity in rats under replication permissive and nonpermissive conditions. VZV with a degron fused to ORF9p, a late structural protein that is required for virion assembly, induced nocifensive behaviors under both replication permissive and nonpermissive conditions, indicating that complete VZV replication is dispensable for the induction of hypersensitivity. This conclusion was confirmed by showing that a genetic deletion recombinant VZV lacking DNA packaging protein ORF54p still induced prolonged hypersensitivities in the rat. In contrast, VZV with a degron fused to the essential IE4 or IE63 proteins, which are involved in early gene regulation of expression, induced nocifensive behaviors only under replication permissive conditions, indicating importance of early gene expression events for induction of hypersensitivity. These data establish that while early viral gene expression is required for the development of nocifensive behaviors in the rat, complete replication is dispensable. We postulate this model reflects events leading to clinical PHN, in which a population of ganglionic neurons become abortively infected with VZV during reactivation and survive, but host signaling becomes altered in order to transmit ongoing pain.
Characterization of low-density granulocytes in COVID-19
Authors: Cabrera Luz E. , Pekkarinen Pirkka T. , Alander Maria , Nowlan Kirsten H. A. , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Jokiranta Suvi , Kuivanen Suvi , Patjas Anu , Mero Sointu , Pakkanen Sari H. , Heinonen Santtu , Kantele Anu , Vapalahti Olli , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Strandin Tomas
Published: July 2021

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by extensive pulmonary complications, to which host immune responses are believed to play a role. As the major arm of innate immunity, neutrophils are one of the first cells recruited to the site of infection where their excessive activation can contribute to lung pathology. Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are circulating neutrophils, whose numbers increase in some autoimmune diseases and cancer, but are poorly characterized in acute viral infections. Using flow cytometry, we detected a significant increase of LDGs in the blood of acute COVID-19 patients, compared to healthy controls. Based on their surface marker expression, COVID-19-related LDGs exhibit four different populations, which display distinctive stages of granulocytic development and most likely reflect emergency myelopoiesis. Moreover, COVID-19 LDGs show a link with an elevated recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Functional assays demonstrated the immunosuppressive capacities of these cells, which might contribute to impaired lymphocyte responses during acute disease. Taken together, our data confirms a significant granulocyte activation during COVID-19 and suggests that granulocytes of lower density play a role in disease progression.
Südsee-Projektionen in der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur
Authors: Simo David , Bertrand Miguoué Jean
Published: July 2021

Deutsche Schriftsteller imaginieren und gestalten den südpazifischen Raum aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und mit unterschiedlichen Motivationen. Dass dieser Raum im Laufe der modernen Geschichte Europäer fasziniert hat, ist nicht nur in wissenschaftlichen Publikationen nachgewiesen, sondern auch in vielen Berichten europäischer Reisender. Aus diesem Grund wurde sowohl im wissenschaftlichen als auch im literarischen Diskurs diese Region von Europäern durchaus ambivalent konstruiert. Es dominiert in diversen Publikationen die Konstruktion dieses Raums als »Südseeparadies« bzw. »Wunschraum«, deren Einwohner als Naturmenschen bzw. edle Wilde vorgestellt wurden. Viele Texte stellen in Bezug auf die Bewohner der Südsee den Kannibalen als Pendant des edlen Wilden und Paradies-Menschen dar Die Geschichte dieser Südsee-Imagination und -Konstruktion kann am Beispiel repräsentativer Publikationen rekonstruiert werden, so etwa aus Forschungs- und Entdeckungsfahrten von Georg Forster über die Arbeiten der Anthropologen Karl Eduard Meinecke und Bronislaw Malinowski bis hin zu den heutigen literarischen und medialen Darstellungen. Die in diesem Beitrag untersuchten Texte von Buch, Capus und Kracht bestätigen zunächst die stereotypisierte Vorstellung der Südsee. Aber sie erweisen sich auch als Orte der Infragestellung einer statischen und stereotypisierten Imagination und Darstellung dieser Region. Es werden Bewegungen, Überkreuzungen und Interaktionen hervorgehoben, die deutlich machen, dass sich die Südsee immer in einem transregionalen und globalen Interaktionsprozess befindet, der auch in Europa Wirkung hat.
S’arranger avec l’Église ?
Authors: Maudet Marion , Thomé Cécile
Published: July 2021

En décembre 1967 est votée en France la loi Neuwirth, qui légalise l’utili- sation de la contraception médicale. Or, à la surprise de la communauté catholique qui espérait qu’elle soit également autorisée par le magistère romain, paraît en 1968 l’encyclique Humanae Vitae, qui réaffirme l’opposition de l’Église à l’utilisation de ces méthodes médicales. La communauté catholique se divise alors entre une majorité de fidèles souhaitant pouvoir utiliser des méthodes contraceptives médicalisées et une fraction plus réduite participant au développement et au perfectionnement des méthodes d’auto-observation (MAO), seules méthodes autorisées par l’Église, et les utilisant. Cinquante ans plus tard, cet article a pour objectif d’expliquer les logiques contraceptives contemporaines des catholiques pratiquant·e·s et d’interroger l’étanchéité des positions à l’égard de la contraception, entre méthodes médicales et MAO, à partir de l’analyse d’une trentaine d’entretiens menés auprès de cette population. Il analyse la diversité des parcours contraceptifs et la pluralité des discours justifiant l’utilisation des méthodes médicales et non médicales, en montrant que la position de l’Église peut être mise à distance même par les catholiques pratiquant·e·s. Il resitue en particulier leurs choix en matière de contraception dans des représentations plus larges concernant le couple, le genre, la sexualité ou encore ce que serait la « nature », en mettant en évidence que le dogme religieux ne constitue qu’une justification parmi d’autres de pratiques diverses et pouvant évoluer au cours de la vie.
TÜKETİCİ REZONANSININ SOSYAL MEDYA SİTELERİNDEN SATIN ALMA NİYETİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KARAOĞLAN Serhat , ÇAĞLAR ÇETİNKAYA Nur , DURUKAN Tülin
Published: July 2021

Yoğunlaşan rekabet ortamı ticari faaliyetlerinin bir kısmını veya tamamını çevrimiçi ağlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştiren işletmelerin tüketici rezonansı oluşturarak, tüketicinin satın alma niyetini, kendi ürün ve hizmetleri lehine değiştirmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu amaçla kullanılan sosyal medya, çevrimiçi dijital platformlarda kullanıcıların etkin iletişim sağladıkları, fikir alışverişinde bulundukları ve kendileri veya başkaları tarafından üretilmiş olan içerikleri paylaştıkları web tabanlı ağları ifade etmektedir. Tüketiciler ile yeni nesil iletişim kurma kanalları olan sosyal ağlar ise tüketici rezonansını sağlamada büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ağızdan ağıza etkileşime benzeyen tüketici rezonansı; faydacı değer, hazsal değer, ilişki gücü, benzeşim, güven, normatif etki, kendini gösterme ve bilgi etkisi boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu makalede, tüketici rezonansının tüketicinin satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini ölçmeye yönelik yüz yüze anket uygulaması şeklinde yapılan bir saha araştırmasına ilişkin veriler ve değerlendirme sonuçları bulunmaktadır.
IS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL FROM THE EU AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY? THE BREXIT CASE
Authors: SEFER Özlem
Published: July 2021

One of the main regulations made in the Treaty of Lisbon is Article 50, which brought the right of withdrawal from the European Union (EU) to the member states. In the referendum that was held in the UK in 2016, the UK citizens voted to leave the Union and the UK became the first country that preferred to withdraw from the EU. The construction of European identity in the EU has been one of the most significant issues related to legal regulations at the EU level. This article will examine the concept of identity in the EU, the role of the legal regulations in the EU in the construction of European identity, and the relationship between the right of withdrawal and identity in the EU by analyzing the Brexit case.
Od ateizmu do teizmu poprzez krytykę „pięciu dróg” św. Tomasza w świetle myśli Antony’ego Flewa
Authors: Mrówka Angelika
Published: July 2021

Atheism and theism have been seen rather as contradictory points of view, without the possibility to enter into dialogue. In 1966 Antony Flew published a book entitled God  and Philosphy, a key work, in which the author criticised theism and later – the logical justifi cation of atheism. He took up a constructive criticism of the Five  Ways of St Thomas Aquinas. Flew achieved his goal, because he provoked theists to revise their views and ways of formulating theological arguments. Finally, Antony Flew considered again his own attitude and thanks to conducted debates and discussion with theists, he came to the conclusion that God exists. Antony Flew spent almost his whole life on a quest to fi nd the truth. He could be a positive example of an open-minded philosopher, because only such a person is able to contribute to an open a dialogue between atheism and theism.
Miranda Prorsus: An Encyclical Letter of Pope Pius XII on Motion Pictures, TV and Radio – its Impact on the Catholic Church Media in Zambia Today
Authors: Kibombwe Freeborn
Published: July 2021

This article refl ects on the sixty years marking the anniversary of the encyclical letter Miranda Prorsus by Pope Pius XII. Miranda Prorsus was the fi rst document written in 1957 by the Church to refl ect on the three important means of communication: Motion Pictures (Film), Television (TV) and Radio. It highlighted the importance of these  “remarkable technical inventions” to aid humanity in as far as development and understanding the media was concerned. Each of these three instruments of communication is examined in both the strengths and weaknesses they carry, but much more, how they can play a role in advancing humanity in the area of morality and truth telling. The article tries to use some of the important highlights in the context of Zambia my country that has embraced these means of communication with radio stations set up by the respective Bishops and a Television soon to be launched by the Zambia Conference of Catholic Bishops (ZCCB). In retrospect the article tries to show how these means and technical inventions can become handy in as far as the evangelization is concerned.
Sąd polubowny w Grazu – kształtowanie się organizacyjnej koncepcji rozstrzygnięcia sporu granicznego i podteksty tego procesu
Authors: Matuszewski Jacek
Published: July 2021

Spór o granicę austriacko-węgierską przy Morskim Oko był po rozbiorowym rabunku (1772 r.) kontynuacją ciągnącego się od XVI w. konfliktu granicznego między Królestwem Polskim a Węgrami. Próby ugodowego ustalenia granicy nie przyniosły przez niemal cały XIX w. efektu. W 1879 r. majątek graniczny po stronie węgierskiej (Jaworzyna) kupił pruski książę Chrystian Hohenlohe i podjął działania w celu zajęcia spornego terytorium. Jednak gdy hrabia Władysław Zamoyski w 1889 r. kupił w Galicji dobra (Zakopane) położone z drugiej strony spornego obszaru, zdecydowanie przeciwstawił się roszczeniom pruskiego magnata. Konflikt o własność prywatną (konflikt prawa cywilnego) eskalował w postaci sąsiedzkich gwałtów i trafiał przed sądy, jednak ich orzeczenia, bez ustalenia przynależności politycznej (państwowej) spornego terytorium, nie mogły wiązać zwaśnionych stron. Wobec zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa i spokoju na granicy austriacko-węgierskiej (doszło nawet do grożenia przez żandarmów węgierskich urzędnikom sądowym Galicji bronią palną) rządy w Wiedniu i Budapeszcie doszły do porozumienia, ustalając poufnie linię podziału. Ponieważ uznano, że publiczne ujawnienie rządowego kompromisu, wiążące się z przyznaniem do wzajemnych ustępstw obu stron, zostanie wykorzystane w walce politycznej zarówno w Austrii, jak i na Węgrzech, postanowiono zrzucić odpowiedzialność za kompromis na międzynarodowy sąd polubowny. W artykule autor przedstawia rozwiązania oraz instrumenty polityczne i prawne, do których sięgnęły władze obu państw, by zapewnić taki wyrok sądu rozjemczego, który realizowałby wcześniej przyjęte międzyrządowe porozumienie, a równocześnie przenosiłby na trybunał odium za dokonane ustępstwa.
Odpowiedzialność karna za zbrodnie sądowe prokuratorów III Rzeszy w Niemczech Zachodnich i Wschodnich
Authors: Kulesza Witold
Published: July 2021

Prokuratorzy niemieckich sądów specjalnych (Sondergerichte) w okupowanej w czasie II wojny światowej Polsce uczestniczyli w dokonywaniu zbrodni przeciwko ludzkości, domagając się karania śmiercią wszystkich, którzy „wykazywali antyniemieckie nastawienie”. Formalną podstawę wyroków śmierci stanowiło zwłaszcza rozporządzenie o postępowaniu karnym przeciwko Polakom i Żydom z 4 grudnia 1941 r. Ogólnikowe sformułowania tego rozporządzenia powoływano w uzasadnieniach wyroków skazujących na karę śmierci Polaków za „nielegalny” ubój świń, wszelkie próby oporu rolników przy wysiedlaniu ich z własnych gospodarstw, handel mięsem, odzieżą, a także pomoc udzielaną zbiegłym z niemieckiej niewoli jeńcom wojennym, angielskim i rosyjskim, jak również słowa, że „Niemcy przegrają wojnę”. W Republice Federalnej nazistowscy prokuratorzy i sędziowie kontynuowali kariery w wymiarze sprawiedliwości, ponieważ uznano, że służąc wcześniej w III Rzeszy, stosowali obowiązujące wówczas prawo i nie mieli zamiaru czynienia bezprawia. Zignorowane zostały zasady przyjęte przez amerykański Trybunał Wojskowy w III procesie norymberskim – prawników („The Justice Case” – 1947). W komunistycznych Niemczech Wschodnich skazano dwóch prokuratorów, za pomocnictwo do zabójstw dokonywanych przez okupacyjne sądy specjalne w Polsce i branie udziału w zbrodniach przeciwko ludzkości. Wyroki te zasługują na prawniczy respekt.
Framing the Law and Policy of Finance
Authors: Coendet Thomas
Published: July 2021

The global financial crisis of 2007–08 provided an obvious reason for rethinking finance, its regulation, and benefits for society. Economics experts, in particular, issued policy reports on how to fix the financial system. Whether and how such policy recommendations translated into law is the topic of this article. It introduces a set of theories elaborating on how the legal system may tap social theory in general and economic expertise in particular, arguing for the concept of framing as a focal point. A case study on the Kay Review of UK equity markets tests and illustrates the theory. The study highlights the normative, technical, political, and capture issues that arise all the way down from a specific policy proposal rooted in economic theory and empirical research to the technical details of financial law and concludes with a comment on the current reform efforts of the Financial Conduct Authority on a new consumer duty. Eventually, the case study allows us to reflect on the strengths and limitations of the existing theories of how social theory and law interact and to provide some directions for future research.
Spectrum and Analytic Functional Calculus for Clifford Operators via Stem Functions
Authors: Vasilescu Florian-Horia
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this work is the construction of an analytic functional calculus for Clifford operators, which are operators acting on certain modules over Clifford algebras. Unlike in some preceding works by other authors, we use a spectrum defined in the complex plane, and also certain stem functions, analytic in neighborhoods of such a spectrum. The replacement of the slice regular functions, having values in a Clifford algebra, by analytic stem functions becomes possible because of an isomorphism induced by a Cauchy type transform, whose existence is proved in the first part of this work.
Understanding clinical leadership behaviors in practice to inform baccalaureate nursing curriculum: a comparative study between the United States and Australia novice nurses
Authors: Watson Sherylyn M. , Ferrillo Heather , Goncalves Susan A. , Clark-Burg Karen
Published: July 2021

Objectives

While the nursing profession recognizes the importance of leadership behaviors, limited evidence exists on essential clinical leadership behaviors that nursing students should exhibit upon graduation. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were common leadership behaviors exhibited by recently graduated baccalaureate clinical staff nurses in the United States and Australia.

Methods

A quantitative descriptive study with a comparative design was conducted using The Clinical Leadership Survey.

Results

Similar clinical leadership behaviors were reported by nurses from the two countries though there was a statistically significant difference in the overall frequency of behaviors between the two groups. Behaviors in the ‘challenging the process’ domain were less commonly practiced in both countries, identifying a clinical gap and opportunity for student development.

Conclusions

This study identifies the central behaviors that should be included in baccalaureate nursing education curriculum in order to prepare students for successful transition into practice.
Bacteria in the amniotic fluid without inflammation: early colonization vs. contamination
Authors: Jung Eunjung , Romero Roberto , Yoon Bo Hyun , Theis Kevin R. , Gudicha Dereje W. , Tarca Adi L. , Diaz-Primera Ramiro , Winters Andrew D. , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Yeo Lami , Hsu Chaur-Dong
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Intra-amniotic infection, defined by the presence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity, is often accompanied by intra-amniotic inflammation. Occasionally, laboratories report the growth of bacteria or the presence of microbial nucleic acids in amniotic fluid in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the clinical significance of the presence of bacteria in amniotic fluid samples in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study included 360 patients with preterm labor and intact membranes who underwent transabdominal amniocentesis for evaluation of the microbial state of the amniotic cavity as well as intra-amniotic inflammation. Cultivation techniques were used to isolate microorganisms, and broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) was utilized to detect the nucleic acids of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Results

Patients whose amniotic fluid samples evinced microorganisms but did not indicate inflammation had a similar perinatal outcome to those without microorganisms or inflammation [amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (p=0.31), spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks (p=0.83), acute placental inflammatory lesions (p=1), and composite neonatal morbidity (p=0.8)].

Conclusions

The isolation of microorganisms from a sample of amniotic fluid in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation is indicative of a benign condition, which most likely represents contamination of the specimen during the collection procedure or laboratory processing rather than early colonization or infection.
A new locality record for the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus
Authors: Aidek Ahmad , Amr Zuhair S.
Published: July 2021

A new occurrence record significantly expanded known distribution limits of the Syrian hamster further south into the Syrian Desert, about 150 km to the south from the known southern range border is reported. Updated distribution map for this species is given based on previous records from Syria and Turkey.
The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of Albizia gummifera leaf extracts
Authors: Oloruntola Deborah Adebukola , Dada Ebenezer Oluyemi , Oladunmoye Muftau Kolawole
Published: July 2021

For the control and treatment of trypanosomiasis, a limited number of chemotherapeutic drugs with mild side effects are available. As a result, a quest for a less toxic herbal treatment for trypanosomiasis is needed. Ethanolic extract of A. gummifera leaf (EEAL) and aqueous extract of Albizia. gummifera leaf (AEAL) were tested for antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro. We first compared the phytochemical concentrations of EEAL and AEAL and discovered that EEAL had higher phytochemical concentrations on average than AEAL: flavonoids (4.26 mg/g vs 2.50 mg/g); alkaloids (38.40 mg/g vs 19.80 mg/g); tannins (230.7 mg/g vs 45.74 mg/g) and saponins (128.66 vs 44.33g/g). From the result of phytochemical concentrations of the two compounds, the higher values observed in flavonoids and alkaloid of EEAL led us to hypothesize that EEAL would have greater trypanocidal activity. Following that, EEAL and AEAL were tested for antitrypanosomal activity in vitro. Forty µl of blood holding in about 25±8 parasites/field was mixed with 20 µl of the EEAL and AEAL solutions of 100, 80, 60 mg/ml to produce an efficacious test concentration of 25, 20 and 15 mg/ml, sequentially. The extracts inhibited parasite motility and eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used in vitro, except for 15 mg/ml AEAL and 20 mg/ml AEAL. Following the screening, the Albizia gummifera ethanolic extract found to have positive in vitro trypanocidal activity. More research is needed to determine the concentrations of the extract for the in vivo test.
Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS)
Authors: Leszczynski Dariusz
Published: July 2021

Part of the population considers themselves as sensitive to the man-made electromagnetic radiation (EMF) emitted by powerlines, electric wiring, electric home appliance and the wireless communication devices and networks. Sensitivity is characterized by a broad variety of non-specific symptoms that the sensitive people claim to experience when exposed to EMF. While the experienced symptoms are currently considered as a real life impairment, the factor causing these symptoms remains unclear. So far, scientists were unable to find causality link between symptoms experienced by sensitive persons and the exposures to EMF. However, as presented in this review, the executed to-date scientific studies, examining sensitivity to EMF, are of poor quality to find the link between EMF exposures and sensitivity symptoms of some people. It is logical to consider that the sensitivity to EMF exists but the scientific methodology used to find it is of insufficient quality. It is time to drop out psychology driven provocation studies that ask about feelings-based non-specific symptoms experienced by volunteers under EMF exposure. Such research approach produces only subjective and therefore highly unreliable data that is insufficient to prove, or to disprove, causality link between EHS and EMF. There is a need for a new direction in studying sensitivity to EMF. The basis for it is the notion of a commonly known phenomenon of individual sensitivity, where individuals’ responses to EMF depend on the genetic and epigenetic properties of the individual. It is proposed here that new studies, combining provocation approach, where volunteers are exposed to EMF, and high-throughput technologies of transcriptomics and proteomics are used to generate objective data, detecting molecular level biochemical responses of human body to EMF.
Placing the U.S. State in the Interior of China
Authors: Knorr Daniel
Published: July 2021

Scholars acknowledge the role of U.S. missionaries in the expansion of U.S. influence across the Pacific. However, labeling their activities “informal” imperialism underplays their political ramifications. Missionaries were not simply beneficiaries of the state; they actively constructed it. Simultaneously, missionaries participated in the physical and discursive construction of local communities. This article examines the intertwined nature of these two processes—state-extension and place-making—through property disputes in the 1880s between Presbyterian missionaries and the local elite in Jinan, China. This case demonstrates how both state-extension and place-making generated conflicts between a range of Chinese and American actors. These tensions underscore the utility of understanding “place” and “state” not as static constructs but as products of dynamic social interactions.
The Invisible Hand of Diplomacy
Authors: Ingleson Elizabeth O’Brien
Published: July 2021

In December 1977, a tiny group of U.S. glove makers—most of whom were African American and Latina women—launched a petition before the U.S. International Trade Commission calling for protection from rising imports. Their target was China. Represented by the Work Glove Manufacturers Association, their petition called for quotas on a particular kind of glove entering the United States from China: cotton work gloves. This was a watershed moment. For the first time since the Communist Party came to power in 1949, U.S. workers singled out Chinese goods in pursuit of import relief. Because they were such a small group taking on a country as large as China, their supporters championed the cause as one of David versus Goliath. Yet the case has been forgotten, partly because the glove workers lost. Here I uncover their story, bringing the history of 1970s deindustrialization in the United States into conversation with U.S.-China rapprochement, one of the most significant political transformations of the Cold War. The case, and indeed the loss itself, reveals the tensions between the interests of U.S. workers, corporations, and diplomats. Yet the case does not provide a simple narrative of U.S. workers’ interests being suppressed by diplomats and policymakers nurturing globalized trade ties. Instead, it also underscored the conflicting interests within the U.S. labor movement at a time when manufacturing companies were moving their production jobs to East Asia.
Linguodidactic Aspect of Transverbalization of the Semantics of the Causative Construction have something done
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Vezner Irina Anatolievna , Lisitsa Inna Valerievna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The professional translator-like mode of thinking is an integral part of the translation competence of a graduate of the Faculty of Foreign Languages. Equivalent and adequate translation from English into Russian requires a systematic approach to overcoming grammatical difficulties associated, first of all, with the constructions which have no analogues in the recipient language, here belong constructions of causative semantics. The purpose of the article is to develop a prototypical model of the English non-equivalent construction have something done from the standpoint of the cognitive-discursive paradigm in the aspect of its transverbalization and translation linguodidactics. The methodological basis of the study is the use of prototypical modeling, which involves the reconstruction of the primary cognitive-interpretative model of the situation in which it was used, and in which this construction realizes its meaning in the most complete form; this allows us to interpret and adequately translate many cases of its non-prototypical usage. The results of the research. The contexts associated with the description of natural phenomena and natural disasters are the prototypical situations of the have something done construction, therefore, when transverbalizing sentences with this construction, the strategy should be aimed at the obligatory conveyance of the semantics of non-agentness. In conclusion, the developed approach should be employed to improve the skills of critical analysis and reflective activity of students in the process of tranverbalization and the search for a translation correlate (transverb).
Opportunities of the Admission Campaign to Promote the Professional Self-Determination of Migrant-Students
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Kushnareva Anna Arkadyevna
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates the necessity to promote the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The analysis of theoretical research on the problem reveals the reasons that impedes this process among students in general (insufficient school work aiming at organizing career guidance, the change of paradigms from “one job for life” to the concept of “diversity”), and migrant-students in particular (the influence of external factors, “administrative nationalism”). Some real successful practices during admission campaigns, and the possibilities of using the experience of foreign universities (applicant’s portfolio, structured interview), described in the article, can significantly contribute to the efficiency of the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The purpose of this article is to identify the possibilities of the admission campaign to promote professional self-determination of applicants with migrant background. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a set of complementary methods: analysis of pedagogical literature; generalization of scientific information obtained in the course of the study; diagnostic methods. Conclusion. The organization of an admission campaign, aiming at overcoming the problems considering the possibilities of using foreign experience, has a significant potential for providing support for the professional self-determination of a migrant student.
Organization of Extracurricular Activities of Primary School Children with Sensory Disabilities in an Inclusive Educational Environment
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Odinokova Natalya Aleksandrovna , Gamanovich Victoria Eduardovna ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Dalivelya Olga Vyacheslavovna ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: July 2021

The article presents the author’s view of the organization extracurricular activities of primary school age children with sensory impairment based on a humanistic approach, focused on the personality of students with special educational needs, taking them into account individual characteristics, abilities and interests. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence, evolution of formation and meaning in educational space of the school of extracurricular activities, emphasizing attention to the peculiarities of its organization with children of primary school age with sensory impairment. Methodology. The methodological basis is made up of research domestic and foreign authors, the experience of practicing teachers, testifying to the relevance of theoretical and practical software implementation of extracurricular activities with children with sensory impairment. Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents, scientific research, literature and teaching materials the concept of “extracurricular activities” was identified and substantiated, issues of structure, content, requirements for the conditions of its conduct on an example of organizing an excursion with children with visual impairments. In detention, conclusions are drawn about the features of the organization of extracurricular activities of primary school children with sensory impairments. In the future, it is envisaged to conduct a practical diagnostic research and analysis of the results obtained, which will reveal efficiency and prioritization of extracurricular activities, organized with children of primary school age with sensory impairment.
Ansiedad precompetitiva y motivación en nadadores costarricenses de élite
Authors: Haase Mikaela
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the management of precompetitive anxiety in elite Costa Rican swimmers aged 14 to 22 years old, identifying the motivating elements (external and internal) and how the relationship with their coach and their peer group influences the processes of motivation and precompetitive anxiety. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by the end of 2018. The results suggest that among the main elements associated with greater feelings of anxiety are the lack of objectives achieved before the competition, having a poor performance during training, and being aware of the importance of the respective competition. The elite swimmers’ motivations have been classified as intrinsic (Olympic competition, time improvement, placement in rankings) and extrinsic (family, coach, team) ones. Finally, results suggest that a bad relationship with the coach and peer groups could result in a loss of interest in training and competing. In conclusion, when presenting precompetitive anxiety, performance can decrease, causing non-fulfillment of objectives, which leads athletes to demotivate, maintaining anxiety for their next competitions.

Keywords: Precompetitive anxiety, Motivation, Swimming, Sport Psychology.
Estrategias de prevención neuromuscular para las lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior sin contacto en jugadoras de baloncesto. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Gómez-Tomás Cinta , Rial Rebullido Tamara , Chulvi-Medrano Iván
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries have a higher incidence in adolescent female athletes. The characteristics of basketball (jumping and landing), together with women's biomechanical and hormonal characteristics (greater valgus at the knees, joint laxity, and menstrual cycle), make us find ourselves before a population sector of special interest to implement neuromuscular prevention programs. The objective of this study has been a literature review to propose neuromuscular prevention programs for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female basketball players. Material and method: The search was conducted in the PubMed, SportDiscus, and PEDro databases between December 2019 and January 2020. The keywords "anterior cruciate ligament," "neuromuscular training," "injury rates," "basketball," and "women" were used as search criteria. Results: 20 articles selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed; these studies provided information on risk factors and prevention programs for common anterior ligament injuries in healthy women and athletes. The information obtained was classified according to the preventive strategy provided. Conclusions: A neuromuscular prevention program for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female basketball players should be based on four main aspects: lower limb strength training, plyometrics, feedback on the landing, and central trunk work.
Revistas ambientales latinoamericanas en Scopus y WoS en 2019: relación con indicadores ambientales
Authors: Marín Velásquez Tomás Darío , Arriojas Tocuyo Dany Day Josefina
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to analyze the ALyC journals indexed in Scopus and WoS around environmental sciences in 2019, as well as their relationship with certain environmental indicators. It was carried out with a quantitative approach and an explanatory level, based on data obtained from the official Scopus and WoS portals. The bibliometric data were the countries that have indexed journals, the Number of Journals, the Impact Factor, Number of Published Documents, Number of Citations, Number of Self-Quotations, Ratio of Citations per Document, Ratio of External Citations per Document, Percentage of International Collaboration and Quartile of location of each journal. The environmental indicators were taken from the World Bank's official website and were Energy Use, Protected Areas, PM2.5 Pollution, CO2 Emissions and Total Natural Resource Income. The statistical analyses were based on descriptive and multivariate techniques, such as cluster analysis, canonical correlations, and multivariate regression, all with a 95% confidence level. There were obtained 48 Scopus journals and 29 WoS, with Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico as the countries with greater presence of magazines in the region. In the environmental indicators, Brazil and Chile stand out. The bibliometric variables that are significantly related to environmental indicators were the Number of Journals and Self-citations. The environmental indicator that is positively related to bibliometric variables was Protected Areas and negatively related to PM2.5 pollutions.
Avances para el manejo costero integrado en el Caribe de Guatemala
Authors: Caviedes Verónica , Arenas-Granados Pedro , Barragán-Muñoz Juan Manuel
Published: July 2021

[Introducción]: La respuesta a los procesos de apropiación y uso insostenible del litoral guatemalteco fueron abordados por la Política para el Manejo Integral de las Zonas Marino-Costeras de 2009. [Objetivos]: El objetivo de la presente investigación es establecer el estado actual de aplicación del Manejo Costero Integrado (MCI) con énfasis en el Caribe de Guatemala. [Metodología]: El presente artículo muestra en primer lugar la caracterización de los problemas en la zona costera aplicando el método DAPSIR. Seguidamente se presenta el diagnóstico sobre su subsistema jurídico-administrativo relacionado con el MCI. En este caso, la metodología seguida es el Decálogo para la Gestión Costera Integrada, analizándose 10 asuntos claves de las políticas públicas en ese espacio. [Resultados]: A pesar de los avances, la Política Marina de 2009 aún no ha sido implantada y tampoco se cuenta con planes ni estrategias para el MCI en la costa Caribe. También se evidencian importantes iniciativas estratégicas para la investigación marina, así como desde las organizaciones no gubernamentales. [Conclusiones]: Los esfuerzos realizados en los últimos años apuntan a una tendencia positiva, sin embargo, la Política de 2009 debe ser retomada y contar con un plan operativo.
Ciencia e innovación social en la Amazonia Peruana desde la perspectiva y las experiencias del Centro Urku
Authors: Vecco Giove Daniel , Panduro Salas Hitler
Published: July 2021

A partir de un recuento sumario de la problemática y los diversos valores que emergen en el departamento de San Martín, una locación transicional del piedemonte con el llano amazónico en Perú,  se describen las condiciones y motivaciones de creación hace dos décadas de la asociación Urku Estudios Amazónicos y su programa piloto Centro Urku. Gracias al programa de innovación agraria Incagro pudimos articularnos con una serie de investigadores que nos ayudaron a superar ciertas limitaciones de formación y enfoques, mientras brindábamos soporte científico y técnico a las sociedades locales para la defensa de la naturaleza y los derechos indígenas. Luego de los luctuosos sucesos de junio 2009 en la Curva del Diablo, las reivindicaciones de los pueblos indígenas recibieron un respaldo inusitado y con este surgieron nuevos liderazgos y particularmente una organización, la Fekihd en alianza con Urku, aplicó una estrategia innovadora de desarrollo integral y conservación de sus territorios ancestrales, complementada con la creación de organizaciones económicas, donde destacan la asociación Ampik Sacha, la empresa Maray Sisa y la cooperativa agraria Mushuk Runa. La inconstancia de las políticas regionales y la influencia de poderes locales determinaron limitaciones en los procesos emprendidos, mientras que en el Centro Urku ajustábamos nuestros objetivos en busca de concientizar a los miles de usuarios que recibíamos cada año en la necesidad de promover sociedades más justas, en armonía con la naturaleza. Nuestra experiencia institucional demuestra como grupos locales con capacidad científica y técnica pueden contribuir para la solución de conflictos o en los avances de la reivindicación social, transfiriendo el poder de la razón y una jurisprudencia en temas ambientales y sociales. Al descolonizar el conocimiento, la ciencia se acerca, como producto y método, a los pueblos que tienen mucho  por contribuir en la gestación y construcción del futuro.