bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Firefighting Robot Extinguishment Decision‐Making Based on Visual Guidance: A Novel Attention and Scale U‐Net Model and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Juxian , Li Wei , Zhu Jinsong , Gao Zhigang , Pan Lu , Liu Zhongguan
Published: September 2024

At present, rescue firefighting relies mainly on firefighting robots, and robots with perception and decision‐making functions are the key elements for achieving intelligent firefighting. However, traditional firefighting robots often lack the ability for autonomous perception and decision‐making when extinguishing multiple fire sources, leading to low rescue efficiency and increased risk for rescue personnel, especially when making firefighting decisions in extreme fire scenes, which poses a challenge. To effectively handle firefighting tasks and ensure operational efficiency, a robot firefighting decision‐making method based on drone visual guidance is proposed. First, we introduce a novel Attention and Scale U‐Net (ASUNet) model to accurately capture crucial target information, including fire location and size, in a fire scene. The ASUNet model adopts an effective multiscale fusion strategy and attention mechanism to enhance the model's performance. Subsequently, based on the results of the ASUNet model, through pixel segmentation clustering and a genetic optimization algorithm, we obtain the robot's firefighting decision results, thereby guiding the robot to carry out firefighting operations systematically. Finally, through numerical experiments, it is verified that the proposed ASUNet model is superior and effective, as the model can perceive important information in a fire scene and extract it well. The use of improved genetic optimization can further accelerate algorithm convergence. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use drone‐based monocular vision guidance for firefighting decision‐making, providing significant engineering value.
Interaction of Hydrazonophenylacetaldehyde Oxime with Acetone: Nitrone versus Oxime
Authors: Panova Elizaveta V. , Safin Damir A.
Published: September 2024

Detailed experimental and computational studies of the nitrone 3,3‐dimethyl‐6‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazin‐4‐oxide (2), which is a cyclized product of an open‐chain isomer 2‐phenyl‐2‐(propan‐2‐ylidenehydrazono)acetaldehyde oxime (1), are reported. The isolated compound 2 was characterized by elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy, and spectrofluorometry. Electronic properties of 1 and 2 were elucidated by the DFT‐based calculations in water, which revealed that both compounds are pronounced electrophiles. The ADMET properties of the oxime 1 and nitrone 2 were predicted using the SwissADME, which includes the BOILED‐Egg method, and ProTox‐II online tools. Using a molecular docking approach, the discussed compounds were also predicted to actively interact with all the studied herein SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. The most pronounced activity for both discussed compounds was established with Nonstructural protein 14 (Nsp14_N7‐MTase). Complex Nsp14_N7‐MTase‐1 is characterized by the calculated ligand efficiency scores being close for a Hit.
Synergistic Tri‐efficiency Enhancement Utilizing Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Yao Yanchi , Zhu Chao , Liu Renlan , Fang Qile , Song Shuang , Chen Baoliang , Shen Yi
Published: September 2024

The overall maximization of photocatalytic H2O2 production efficiency urgently requires the comprehensive optimization of each step in multiplex photocatalysis. Despite numerous endeavors, isolated researches focusing on single efficiencies hinder further advancements in overall catalytic activity. In this work, a series of imine‐linked COFs (TT‐COF‐X), incorporating electronically tunable functional groups (X = ─H, ─OMe, ─OH, ─Br), are rationally fabricated for visible‐light‐driven H2O2 production via a dual‐channel pathway involving 2e− water oxidation and 2e− oxygen reduction. Combined simulations and characterizations reveal that the synergistic modification of functional groups for electronic conjugation and locally intramolecular polarity collectively enhanced light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and interface water–oxygen affinity efficiency. Notably, femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption (fs‐TA) reveals that the polarity‐induced built‐in electric field play a crucial role in facilitating exciton dissociation by reacting BIEF‐mediated shallow trapping state. The simultaneously optimal tri‐efficiency ultimately results in the highest H2O2 production rate of 3406.25 µmol h−1 g−1 and apparent quantum yields of 8.1% of TT‐COF‐OH. This study offers an emerging strategy to rational design of photocatalysts from the comprehensive tri‐efficiency‐oriented perspective.
Zinc Affinity and Hydrogen Evolution Trade‐Off for Homogenous Zn Deposition in Reversible Zn Ion Batteries
Authors: Yi Zhehan , Jia Jingjing , Yang Jin‐Lin , Yu Jin , Tan Shandong , Li Jia , Liu Xiaoqing , Sang Zhiyuan , Yin Lichang , Liu Huan , Liang Ji , Hou Feng
Published: September 2024

Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage but their practical application is plagued by inhomogeneous Zn deposition. Despite much effort, the harm of simultaneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during plating to Zn deposition, has not received sufficient studies. Herein, Sn‐modified Cu nanowires (Sn@CuNWs) with Sn‐Cu core–shell nanostructure to achieve uniform Zn deposition by zinc affinity‐HER tendency trade‐off are fabricated. Confirmed by both theoretical calculation and practical characterization, the nanowires with high zinc affinity and large deposition sites facilitate Zn deposition, while the enlarged HER tendency harmful to Zn plating is inhibited by Sn nanoshell. Therefore, the Zn deposited Sn@CuNWs anode delivers a long lifespan of 800 h at 5 mA cm−2, and the full cell exhibits a high capacity of 294.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and a high capacity retention of 97.8% after 2500 cycles. This work reveals the importance of HER regulation for reversible Zn deposition, which should be noticed in further research.
Boosting Zn2+ Intercalation in High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Coupling‐Induced Biphase Interface
Authors: Lu Xiaojie , Chen Lei , Orenstein Raphael , Li Wenxiao , Chi Weili , Peng Mao , Wang Chunxia , Liu Yong , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: September 2024

Effectively addressing the trade‐off between fast charging kinetics and long cycle life of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) has proven challenging due to JahnTeller distortion and high lattice strain induced by inserted Zn2+ ions in cathode structures. Herein, a hybrid cathode of NiCo2O4‐MnO2 with abundant electrochemical phase interfaces and interface coupling induced defects is developed via a simple electrochemical oxidation strategy to boost rich redox reactions. The formation of Ni─O─Mn and Co─O─Mn bonds promoted the electron transfer between the biphase interface, adjusted the electron density of the material body, effectively alleviated the electrostatic effect between Zn2+ embedding and the main frame, and further maintained the stability of the structure and alleviated the dissolution of manganese. The resulting NiCo2O4‐MnO2 cathode exhibited a high reversible specific capacity of 343.5 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and retained 95.5 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. This discovery enriches insights into performance mechanisms at interfaces and paves the way for designing advanced energy storage materials.
Unlocking Auxetic Behavior in Recyclable Thermosetting Foams Enabled by Dynamic Disulfide Cross‐linking Strategy
Authors: Guo Zhongkai , Dong Zhaoxing , Gao Junpeng , Zhang Hao , Zhang Baoyan , Li Min‐Hui , Hu Jun
Published: September 2024

Auxetic foams with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) have attracted considerable attention in material engineering due to their outstanding performance in seismic and energy absorption. Nevertheless, thermoplastic auxetic foams are compromised by weak non‐covalent crosslinking that diminishes the mechanical strength and durability of foams. Conversely, thermosetting foams with chemical crosslinking, although mechanically robust, face challenges in elaborating auxetic structure and in achieving recyclability. Herein, an alternative approach is proposed to tackle this dilemma by incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds into the polymer network for preparing a thermosetting polyurethane foam with covalent adaptable network. By leveraging the unidirectional multi‐effect compression technique, the topological network reorganization of foam is induced, transforming the initial circular open‐cell structure into a re‐entrant cell structure. This structural transformation endows the foam with stable NPR capability, achieving a minimum Poisson's ratio value of −0.4 within 30% compressive strain. Benefiting from its reinforced network structure, the foam also demonstrates high compressive strength (6.47 MPa) and tensile strength (1.67 MPa). Furthermore, it is recyclable and can be recompressed into thermosetting films. This work offers a straightforward approach to making auxetic thermosetting foams with good mechanical and recyclable properties, which is interesting for the development of high‐performance auxetic materials.
Over 21% Efficient Cesium Lead Triiodide Solar Cell Enabled by Molten Salt Accelerating the Crystallization Processes
Authors: Li Shuo , Zai Shuwan , Wei Xingpei , Yang Fei , Huang Wenliang , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Wangen
Published: September 2024

High‐quality CsPbI3 with low defect density is indispensable for acquiring excellent photoelectric performance. Meticulous regulation of the CsPbI3 crystal growth processes is both feasible and efficacious in enhancing the quality of perovskite films. In this study, the cesium formate (CsFo) is introduced. On one hand, its low melting point can induce the crystallization processes at a low level of energy consumption. On the other hand, the pseudo‐halide anion can participate in the passivation of iodide vacancies, as the formate anion exhibits a relatively higher affinity with iodide vacancies compared to other halides. Consequently, the introduction of CsFo enhances the quality of CsPbI3 thin films by altering the crystallization process and curbing defect formation. As a result, a steady‐state output efficiency of 21.23% and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.25 V are achieved, with both parameters ranking among the highest for this type of solar cell.
Fe‐Mediated Tweaking of Band Bending and Activation Energy in α‐MoO3 Nano Lamella for Enhanced NO2 Gas Detection Under Low Operating Temperature
Authors: Parveen R. Aysha , Vinoth E. , Hara K. , Archana J. , Ponnusamy S. , Navaneethan M.
Published: September 2024

Concern over increasing pollution and ways to mitigate it is in high demand due to the swift advancement of technology and the creation of advanced utilities. Nitrogen oxide (NO2) is a well‐known evolved toxin that poses a threat to human health, the environment, and biodiversity. Therefore, several works are carried to sense the NO2 gas at its trace concentration. However, the majority of NO2 sensors that have been reported have inadequate Limit of Detection (LOD), high operating temperature, and low sensitivity. Orthorhombic molybdenum oxide (α‐MoO3) recently emerged as hotspot in the gas sensing research and noted for its high sensitivity, and distinct sensing capabilities owing to its unique layered structure. In this study, Fe‐doped α‐MoO3 nanosheets for NO2 sensing is prepared, and at a low operating temperature of 110 °C, an excellent sensitivity of 1282% for 10 ppm of NO2 is achieved. Long‐term stability, good repeatability, and an ultra‐low detection limit of 79 ppt are also demonstrated by the manufactured sensors. In addition, the obtained low activation energy of ‐2.9 KJ mol−1 and the high band bending for FM6 supports the highly responsive NO2 detection at low operating temperatures.
Using an interactive simulation tool of national energy and climate policy planning to explore environmental policy options from the perspectives of different interest groups
Authors: Blumberga Andra
Published: September 2024

To reach the Paris Agreement goals, European governments have defined national contributions to the EU binding climate goals and have developed national climate and energy plans for 2021–2030 (NECPs). NECPs are detailed strategies in which governments can flexibly emphasize specific sectors, technologies and national energy policy choices. Every country has built its own energy modelling capacity for forecasting purposes. In most countries, this national modelling relies on optimization tools such as Markal or TIMES. For Latvia's energy sector, a system dynamics (SD) model was built to complement the TIMES model. The SD model deals with an integrated energy system, including the primary energy supply and transformation sector; energy distribution and storage system; and energy demand sectors (residential, tertiary, public, industry and transportation). Sectoral policies are presented in the Stella Architect interface. This study demonstrates how the interactive simulation tool was used in the Environmental Engineering Master level course ‘Environmental Policy and Economics’ as an experiential learning approach. The student assignment involved applying this tool to develop and analyse the energy transition policy package for one of four ideological interest groups: deep greens, bright greens, light greens and greys. Students had to assume a role and adopt its perspective by applying their border‐crossing competence and reflecting on selected policy mixes for that ideology. Various transition pathways, based on different ideologies, illustrate the possibilities for application. Results show that students were successful in fulfilling the assignment.
Analysis and Prospects of Lubrication and Friction Characteristics in Cold Strip Rolling: A Review
Authors: Jin Shuren , Li Xu , Gao Han , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Dianhua
Published: September 2024

Lubrication and friction are the core processes in cold strip rolling, which are the key links to realizing the stable production of high‐quality strips, reflecting country advanced level in rolling technology. This review investigates the crucial properties of lubrication and friction in cold strip rolling by analyzing the mechanism, characterization methods, and influencing factors. The lubricant forms an oil film on the surface of rolls and strips based on the lubrication dynamics and tribology theory, changing the asperity contact state in the loaded roll gap, leading to changes in friction characteristics. Oil film thickness and coefficient of friction (COF) are crucial parameters for characterizing and judging the characteristics of lubrication and friction, theoretical calculations have become the core analytical method, and the study of the measurement method is still a great challenge. Parameters like rolling speed and oil viscosity affect the lubricant distribution and asperity contact in the loaded roll gap, changing the lubrication and friction state. The influence of parameters is strongly linked to the experimental or rolling environment. Prospective research trends on lubrication and friction in cold strip rolling are presented based on the status of research on lubrication and friction characterization.
The Influence of Basicity on the Softening and Melting Behaviors of Limonitic Laterite Ore Sinter
Authors: Huang Zhuang , Xing Zhenxing , Liu Jinsheng , Cheng Gongjin , Ding Xueyong , Xue Xiangxin
Published: September 2024

The research explores the impact of basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of limonite laterite nickel ore sinter. With the global decline of sulfide nickel ore resources, the extraction of nickel metal from laterite nickel ores has become a primary method. This study conducts a comprehensive experimental analysis and simulation of the behavioral characteristics of laterite nickel ore sinters and the properties of the soft melting zone to understand its key influencing factors and mechanisms in the blast furnace smelting process. Due to the unique composition of laterite nickel ore sinter, its softening zone position in the blast furnace is generally higher. Increasing the basicity can significantly improve the position and range of the softening zone, and when the basicity reaches 1.3, the permeability of the furnace material is optimal. Simultaneously, increasing the basicity can mitigate the adverse effects of the difficult‐to‐reduce and difficult‐to‐melt substance, chrompicotite, and its reduction products.
Investigation of Sulfur Influence on the Atomization of Stainless Steels
Authors: Bartzsch Gert , Scherbring Steffen , Richter Julia , Mola Javad , Niendorf Thomas , Volkova Olena
Published: September 2024

In this study, the alloying of stainless steels with various sulfur contents is investigated to obtain steel powders with significantly reduced mean diameters without changing the operational parameters of the atomizing unit. The steels are produced in a VIM12 furnace and atomized on a VIGA‐1B setup with high‐pressure argon. The desired reduction in the mean diameter is attributed to the decrease in surface tension with increasing sulfur content, which is in good agreement with previous findings. A transition from a positive to a negative thermal gradient of the surface tension is observed, along with a shift to higher temperatures with increasing sulphur concentration. In addition, the chemical assessment of the powders reveals a lower evaporation of manganese and a reduced increase in nitrogen content with increasing sulfur content. The sphericity and flowability are not affected by the addition of sulfur. Viscosity and density measurements are also conducted to characterize the steels thoroughly. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of manganese sulfide, which was submicron in size and well distributed. Iron sulfides, mostly attributed to hot shortness, were not observed, which was also confirmed by thermodynamic modeling using Thermo‐Calc software.
Numerical and machine learning models for concentrically and eccentrically loaded CFST columns confined with FRP wraps
Authors: Xu Chi , Zhang Ying , Isleem Haytham F. , Qiu Dianle , Zhang Yun , Alsaadawi Mostafa Medhat , Tipu Rupesh Kumar , El‐Demerdash Waleed E. , Hamed Asmaa Y.
Published: September 2024

Previous research largely concentrated on predicting load‐carrying capacities of concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST) confined with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps under pure concentric loads, neglecting the more complex failure mechanisms that occur under real‐life eccentric loading conditions. This study, therefore, employs both finite element modeling (FEM) and machine learning methods to accurately predict the load‐bearing capacities under both concentric and eccentric loading conditions. This research analyzed a comprehensive dataset comprising 128 experimental tests and an equivalent number of FEM simulations designed to evaluate their eccentric performance. These models have been thoroughly generated and validated against existing literature. Additionally, the developed ML models, particularly a hybrid deep learning model, demonstrated significant predictive accuracy, with an average R2 value of 0.969 across all model folds. Partial dependence analysis further highlighted the significant influence of concrete strength and the interactive effects of steel tube area and FRP wrap thickness on the load‐carrying capacity of the columns. Furthermore, to enhance cost‐efficiency and resource management compared with traditional laboratory testing, a user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed and hosted on an open‐source platform such as GitHub. This interface supports real‐time, precise predictive capabilities and promotes a collaborative environment for ongoing model refinement and improvement.
Thermal interface materials: From fundamental research to applications
Authors: Wei Baojie , Luo Wenmei , Du Jianying , Ding Yafei , Guo Yanjiang , Zhu Guimei , Zhu Yuan , Li Baowen
Published: September 2024

The miniaturization, integration, and high data throughput of electronic chips present challenging demands on thermal management, especially concerning heat dissipation at interfaces, which is a fundamental scientific question as well as an engineering problem—a heat death problem called in semiconductor industry. A comprehensive examination of interfacial thermal resistance has been given from physics perspective in 2022 in Review of Modern Physics. Here, we provide a detailed overview from a materials perspective, focusing on the optimization of structure and compositions of thermal interface materials (TIMs) and the interact/contact with heat source and heat sink. First, we discuss the impact of thermal conductivity, bond line thickness, and contact resistance on the thermal resistance of TIMs. Second, it is pointed out that there are two major routes to improve heat transfer through the interface. One is to reduce the TIM's thermal resistance (RTIM) of the TIMs through strategies like incorporating thermal conductive fillers, enhancing interfacial structure and treatment techniques. The other is to reduce the contact thermal resistance (Rc) by improving effective interface contact, strengthening bonding, and utilizing mass gradient TIMs to alleviate vibrational mismatch between TIM and heat source/sink. Finally, such challenges as the fundamental theories, potential developments in sustainable TIMs, and the application of AI in TIMs design are also explored.
Nonanthropocentric climate ethics
Authors: Nolt John , Hedberg Trevor
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic climate change poses increasingly severe long‐term threats to living things worldwide. It may even contribute to a mass extinction that would leave biodiversity depleted for millions of years—quite possibly longer than the duration of the human species. Such effects are obviously of ethical concern, but because traditional ethical theories have focused on the relatively short‐term interests of human beings, they offer little guidance. In the late 20th century, a growing number of ethical activists and theorists sought to expand moral consideration to nonhuman animals and to the diverse life forms and habitats of wild nature. Simultaneously and at first independently, others began to develop long‐term (sometimes called “intergenerational”) ethics, which extends moral consideration into the distant future. Concerns about future climate change quickly became a central focus of this work. But only in this century have there been concerted efforts to integrate these lines of thought into far‐sighted nonanthropocentric climate ethics. These efforts are the subject of this review.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values
Noise and the risk of tinnitus: A two‐sample Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Huang He‐Sen , Chen Kai‐Qin , Zhou Wen‐Kao , Zhang Bin , Gao Jing , Xie Fei , Du Yu
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Observational studies imply that noise may increase the likelihood of developing tinnitus. However, no causal relationship has been established between the two using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to determine the potential causal relationship between noise and various categories of tinnitus.

Methods

We extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with noise and tinnitus from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of European individuals. UK Biobank (UKB) provided summary data for both entities. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was implemented as the primary method for evaluating effect estimates. Using Weighted median and MR–Egger regression, heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated using sensitivity analyses.

Results

The random‐effects IVW approach revealed a causal relationship between noise and the three onset tinnitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.052, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.013–1.092, p = 0.008; OR = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.177–1.323, p = 0.001; OR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.058–1.213, p = 0.001). Noise was not a risk factor for tinnitus in the past (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.934–1.068, p = 0.969). Validation with various Mendelian randomization methodologies and sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings' consistency.

Conclusion

This Mendelian Randomization study provides causal evidence that noise is a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus but is not a risk factor for developing tinnitus in the past.
Homo academicus as Guild, Employment, and Attitude: The Academy in Transition
Authors: Westelius Alf
Published: September 2024

Homo academicus, who are we, who do we want to be, and how do others view us? There are many alternative answers to these questions. In this chapter, I explore three different conceptions that not only differ in outlook and underlying assumptions, but also on who counts as Homo academicus. The three are Homo academicus as guild, employment, and attitude to knowledge and learning. As during previous information technology revolutions—writing, paper, printing, penny post, telegraph, copier, e.g.—the present digitisation again poses challenges to the established order, power structures, and conceptions of (worthwhile) knowledge, giving cause to look at the assumptions underpinning and shaping these conceptions. Again, the role of the academy is in transition.

Entering a road towards Homo academicus-ship may be motivated by a range of desires: the search for truth or justified true belief; a longing for becoming an authority—or merely to be accepted into the circles where those one views as authorities reside and act; making a career in a structure with a seemingly clear hierarchy—or merely making a living; a passion for a topic; a wish for intellectual challenges—or merely intellectual conversations …. These desires can be met to differing degrees and in different forms depending on the conception of Homo academicus. And the surrounding world provides support, funding, admiration, challenges, and disdain partly based on which conception(s) surrounding actors hold.

How these three conceptions and their underlying assumptions interact, challenge, and are challenged by each other and by trends in the societies of which they form parts, is the object of this chapter examining current transitions.
Homo Scribens—Notes on Writing Management
Authors: Holgersson Martin
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, I discuss and challenge a traditional assumption about management scholars, namely, that they, above all, are to be seen as development consultants who create knowledge to make organizations more efficient and well-functioning. I do this by approaching research and researchers through a perspective that places writing at the heart of scientific activity. This is a perspective that tends to be neglected, and sometimes even forgotten. That is strange—perhaps even problematic—since writing is an indispensable and central part of all scholarly work. The chapter begins by framing the management researcher, through a more conventional perspective, as a development consultant. Next, I suggest that writing can equally be framed as the central research activity, that the researcher can be seen as a writer—a Homo scribens. From this perspective, I look at three different parts of the research process that relate to methodology, empirical material, and theory. Following this, I reflect upon some political aspects of writing management. In the final section of the paper, I summarize the implications of seeing writing as the central research activity, and the researcher as a writer—a Homo scribens—hoping that this can contribute to more interesting research, well worth reading.
Falling Through the Black Hole
Authors: Isaakyan Irina
Published: September 2024

Astronomers argue that stars do not exist in isolation: they become part of galaxies, which are further grouped into intergalactic clusters. So do migrants. ‘People migrate in networks’, notes Alejandro Portes (1995). Therefore, they should learn to obtain membership in their networks and to deal with its requirements (ibid). In application to high-skill and elite migrants, the unanswered question is how they manage to sustain their network membership on a daily basis. Seeking to answer it, this chapter studies the dynamics of global elite migrants’ networks, looking into the most challenging experiences that my informants had while navigating global opera networks and into agentic strategies they used to overcome those barriers. Synthesizing theories of ‘migrant network’ and ‘cultural production’ with the testimonies of my informants, I explore their most unpleasant networking problems and associated coping strategies.
Weaving a Transformative Circular Textile Policy Through a Socio-Environmental Justice Lens
Authors: Suarez-Visbal Lis J. , Calisto Friant Martin , Härri Anna , Vermeyen Veerle , Hendriks Abe , Corona Bellostas Blanca , Carreon Jesus Rosales
Published: September 2024

Policy Highlights

To achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Tackle overproduction and overconsumption in the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles.

Address the impacts of EU Circular Economy Textile policies on the Global South from both SSH and STEM perspectives to ensure positive social and environmental outcomes.

Make Just Transition policies globally accountable and alleviation mechanisms integral to the Textile Strategy rather than supplementary corrective measures.

Include meaningful participatory mechanisms that ensure the democratic inclusion of different voices and actors.

Reverse the burden of proof and provide educational, financial, and legal assistance accounting for multiple vulnerabilities (e.g., gender or type of worker).
Linking Vulnerability to Heatwaves and Public Health: Indicators for EU Policies on Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings
Authors: Lara-García Ángela , Rivera-Gómez Carlos , Núñez-Rivera Claudia , Galán-Marín Carmen , Cruz-Mazo Estrella Candelaria
Published: September 2024

Policy Highlights

To achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Recognising heatwave risks as a public health problem, energy renovation of buildings must focus on the most vulnerable groups.

Renovation programmes require an integrative approach, interdisciplinary teams, and socio-educational initiatives such as “energy coaching”.

A multi-criteria framework is proposed for the assessment of heatwaves vulnerability integrating biophysical and socio-economic factors.

Main factors of vulnerability are identified: income level; population over 65 (mostly elderly women living alone); educational level; ageing and quality of buildings; and urban greening.

Quality and availability of data on health, building quality, and energy use are essential to effective prioritisation of funding for renovation.
Response to daratumumab-retreatment in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Souren Laura , Ihorst Gabriele , Greil Christine , Engelhardt Monika , Wäsch Ralph
Published: September 2024

Daratumumab is an effective therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). We assessed whether daratumumab retreatment may re-induce significant responses and which patients do benefit the most. We hypothesized, that there is effective synergism between daratumumab and alternating antimyeloma drug combinations during retreatment and that retreatment is safe and effective. Here, we analyzed 293 consecutive MM patients receiving daratumumab at our institution from 2016 until 2023 retrospectively, and compared responses, side effects and survival of the first daratumumab treatment line and its retreatment. We identified 22/293 (8%) patients with daratumumab retreatment. These patients showed an advanced age and ISS/R-ISS stages, and ≥ 3 lines of prior antimyeloma therapy in 91%. Of note, the median durations of the first and subsequent daratumumab treatment were similarly long. We confirmed a therapy break between daratumumab lines as advantageous. Daratumumab retreatment was effective, with responses declining only gradually from its first use to subsequent first and second retreatment with 64%, 46% and 43%, respectively. Interestingly, comparable progression free survival rates were observed with 11.5, 12 months and not reached, respectively. Consistently, adverse events per daratumumab line did not increase. Our findings suggest that well-selected daratumumab-exposed MM patients may show rewarding responses to daratumumab retreatment, the more with alternating antimyeloma combinations, initial good response and CD38-antibody-treatment pauses, thereby proving CD38-antibody-retreatment as feasible, effective and non-toxic. Confirmatory studies are required to further validate our results.
Von der Analyse zur adaptiven Unterstützung beim Lesen
Authors: Seidel Niels , Menze Dennis
Published: September 2024

Lesen eröffnet in allem Bildungsbereichen einen zentralen Zugang zu Wissen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einsatz verschiedener Verfahren der künstlichen Intelligenz in einer Anwendung beschrieben, die Studierende beim Lesen längerer Studientexte innerhalb eines Lernmanagementsystems unterstützt. Diese Lernumgebung erfüllt zwei wichtige Funktionen für den Einsatz von KI in der Hochschulbildung: Erstens sammelt sie umfangreiche Daten zu rezeptiven und produktiven Lernprozessen und ermöglicht so umfassende Analysen durch Data-Mining-Verfahren. Diese Erkenntnisse können in die Bewertung des Lernverhaltens, der Lehrstrategien und Gestaltungsentscheidungen der Lernumgebung einfließen. Zweitens integriert sie KI-Tools wie adaptive Visualisierungen, Leseverständnistests und Empfehlungssysteme, die Studierende bei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Text unterstützen.
Similarities and differences between systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease: a multicenter Spanish study
Authors: Antón Jordi , Mosquera Juan Manuel , Calzada Joan , Iglesias Estíbaliz , Zacarías Andrea , Olivé Alejandro , Bittermann Violeta , Lorenzo Tania Rodríguez , Remesal Agustín , Quintana-Ortega Cristian , Nuño-Nuño Laura , Robles-Marhuenda Angel , de Inocencio Jaime , Martín-López María , Carreira Patricia E. , Brandy-García Anahy M. , Holgado Susana , Camacho-Lovillo Marisol , Ruiz-Román Alberto , Clemente Daniel , Narváez Javier , Campos José , Sánchez-Manubens Judith , Bernabéu Pilar , Graña Jenaro , Vargas Carmen , Ortiz-Santamaria Vera , Castañeda Santos , de Yébenes María Jesús García , Carmona Loreto
Published: September 2024

To describe the characteristics of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), compare their presentation and evolution, and analyse possible complication predictors. Multicenter study. Data were retrieved from a hospital-based study of patients with a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of sJIA or AOSD according to the responsible physician and followed-up for at least one year. Descriptive variables (classification criteria, clinical manifestations, complications, family, and personal history) were collected at disease onset and during follow-up. We present the clinical characteristics of 326 patients, 67% of whom had a diagnosis of sJIA and 33% of AOSD. Clinical manifestation frequencies were similar between the two groups, except for odynophagia, which was significantly more frequent in AOSD than in sJIA (78.4% vs. 25.5%; p < 0.0001). Among the complications, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) was significantly more common in sJIA than in AOSD (24.4% vs. 9.5%; p = 0.002), to the extent that an sJIA diagnosis significantly increased the risk of MAS, together with serositis presence, and the need for biological therapy. Patients with sJIA and AOSD showed similar characteristics, supporting the idea that they are both part of Still’s disease, but are expressed at different ages. Differences in manifestations and complications might be due to different management between diseases and immune response maturity.
Dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Germany consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets: results of the VeChi Youth Study
Authors: Hansch Lea , Fischer Morwenna , Längler Alfred , Michalsen Andreas , Weder Stine , Keller Markus , Alexy Ute , Perrar Ines
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To identify dietary patterns of vegetarian, vegan and omnivore children and adolescents in Germany and to examine associations with nutrient intake.

Methods

First, three principal component analyses based on 17–22 food groups were used to identify dietary patterns among vegetarians (n = 145, 3-day weighed dietary records), vegans (n = 110) and omnivores (n = 135) from the cross-sectional Vegetarian and Vegan Children and Youth (VeChi Youth) Study (2017–2019, 6–18 years, 57% girls). Secondly, these patterns were correlated (Spearman correlations) with energy and nutrient intakes.

Results

Among vegetarians, 3 dietary patterns were identified (“Animal foods”, “Vegetables and fruits”, “Meat alternatives and potatoes”) accounting for 32.7% of the variance in food group intake. In the vegan group, 4 patterns were identified (“Vegetables and legumes”, “Refined carbohydrates”, “Meat alternatives and juices”, “Fruits and convenience foods”) accounting for 43.2% of the variance. Among omnivores, 5 (“Flexitarian”, “Vegetables and fruits”, “Dairy Products”, “meat and convenience foods”, “Refined grains and juices”) patterns accounting for 43.0% of the variance could be identified. Regardless of diet group, both more favorable dietary patterns (“Vegetables and fruits”, “Meat alternatives and potatoes”, “Vegetables and legumes”, “Fruits and convenience food”, “Flexitarian”) correlated with higher micronutrient density and less favorable dietary patterns (“Animal foods”, “Refined carbohydrates”, “Meat alternatives and juices”, “Dairy products”, “Meat and convenience food”, “Refined grains and juices”) with unfavorable nutrient profiles were found.

Conclusion

Various dietary patterns exist within omnivore, vegetarian, and vegan diets of children and adolescents, which differ in their contribution to nutrient intake. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between different dietary patterns, also within the vegetarian and vegan diet.
The primary systemic vasculitis associated optic neuritis: a retrospective analysis in a single center over 10 years
Authors: Tang Simeng , Zhou Hang , Li Rui , Wang Yu , Li Hongyang , Hou Yanli
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To investigate the clinical and image characteristics of primary systemic vasculitis-associated optic neuritis patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. The patients clinically diagnosed with primary system vasculitis-induced optic neuritis were recruited from March 2013 to December 2023. All cases received orbital magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed. The ocular findings, systemic manifestations, laboratory data and prognosis were reviewed retrospectively. In addition, the related literature was reviewed.

Results

Fourteen patients (21 eyes), including 10 men and 4 women, were enrolled in this study. The ages ranged from 30 to 86 years in this cohort. Orbits MRI detects the enlargement and/or enhancement of the optic nerve. Cases 1–5 reported a confirmed diagnosis of Takayasu’s arteritis, and cases 6–8 had giant cell arteritis. Cases 9–13 were antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Case 14 was Cogan’s syndrome. Mult organs and tissues, such as the kidneys, heart, paranasal sinuses, meninges, and respiratory system, were involved. In all of the 14 involved patients, the disease onset was either during the fall or winter season. There were no or only slight improvements in visual activity after conventional therapies.

Conclusions

The autoantibodies’ attack on the optic nerve, ischemic damage, or destruction of the blood–brain barrier may be the potential pathogenesis of vasculitis-associated optic neuritis. Even with prompt and aggressive clinical interventions, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory.
Recovering noble metals from waste streams using porous organic frameworks for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Pan Yu , Åhlén Michelle , Strømme Maria , Xu Chao
Published: September 2024

Recovering noble metals from waste resources and incorporating them into catalysts stands out as a promising strategy for advancing sustainability within the catalysis field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent investigations into noble metal recovery from waste streams, specifically employing porous organic frameworks (POFs). Additionally, the study delves into the utilization of the resultant composites, enriched with noble metals, in heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, we offer insights into the challenges faced and outline prospects for the practical implementation of extracting noble metal catalysts from waste streams using POFs, aiming to develop cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in octogenarians and nonagenarians: an analysis of the US nationwide inpatient sample 2005–2018
Authors: Lu Chien-Chang , Lu Chi-Tung , Chang Kai-Yen , Chun-Li Wang , Wu Chien-Ying
Published: September 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health concern, particularly among older adults. Outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries for right-sided colon cancers in the oldest old population have yet to be evaluated despite increased use of these surgeries.

Aim

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes after robot-assisted right hemicolectomy (RARH) versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRH) in octogenarian and nonagenarian patients.

Methods

This population-based, retrospective and observational study analyzed the data of adults ≥ 80 years old diagnosed with right-side colon cancer who received RARH or LRH. All data were extracted from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2005–2018. Associations between type of surgery and in-hospital outcomes were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analysis.

Results

Data of 7,550 patients (representing 37,126 hospitalized patients in the U.S.) were analyzed. Mean age of the study population was 84.8 years, 61.4% were females, and 79.1% were non-smokers. After adjusting for relevant confounders, regression analysis showed that patients undergoing RARH had a significantly shorter LOS (adjusted Beta (aBeta), -0.24, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.15) but greater total hospital costs (aBeta, 26.54, 95% CI: 24.64, 28.44) than patients undergoing LRH. No significant differences in mortality, perioperative complications, and risk of unfavorable discharge were observed between the two procedures (p > 0.05). Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed consistent results.

Conclusions

RARH is associated with a significantly shorter LOS but higher total hospital costs than LRH among octogenarians and nonagenarians. Other short-term outcomes for this population are similar between the two procedures, including in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, and unfavorable discharge. These findings also apply to frail patients.
Better together: involving parents to improve the impact of a video game program to promote primary school students’ emotional competencies
Authors: Priego-Ojeda Maria , Ros-Morente Agnès , Filella-Guiu Gemma
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether parents’ participation could enhance the impact of a video game designed to promote children’s emotional competencies. To achieve this, the video game Happy 8–12 was implemented at school. A separate group of children also played the video game Happy for Families at home with their parents. Differences between children who participated together with their parents, children who played only at school and a control group were explored. Additionally, the study examined improvements in children’s anxiety and academic performance, as well as parents’ emotional awareness, emotional regulation, and parental stress. The sample comprised 137 students along with 42 parents. Results indicated improvements in both groups of children compared to the control group, particularly in emotional awareness, life and well-being competencies, and the global emotional competence. Increases in emotional regulation, emotional autonomy, and social competence, were observed solely among children who participated with their parents. However, no differences emerged in terms of anxiety and academic achievement when compared to the control group. In addition to these findings, parents demonstrated improvements in emotional awareness and regulation, though there was no significant reduction in parental stress. These preliminary results support the efficacy of Happy 8–12 and Happy for Families in promoting children’s emotional competencies and emphasize the importance of involving parents to enhance the intervention outcomes.
Effects of Physical, Mental, Social, Cultural, and Passive Leisure Activities on Episodic Memory Across Adulthood
Authors: Cansino Selene , Torres-Trejo Frine , Estrada-Manilla Cinthya , Ruiz-Velasco Silvia
Published: September 2024

The impact of leisure activities on cognition has been mainly investigated in older adults by means of composite measures of leisure activities and general measures of cognition. The majority of these studies have reported that leisure activities improve cognitive functions and even prevent cognitive impairment. However, the independent influences of each leisure activity on episodic memory across adulthood, and specifically in young, middle-aged, and older adults, have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the separate influence of physical, mental, social, cultural, and passive leisure activities on episodic memory in an adult lifespan sample and in the main stages of adulthood. A sample of 1,557 healthy adults between 21 and 80 years of age participated in the study. Leisure activities were assessed through a lifestyle questionnaire created for the study. Episodic memory performance was measured through a computerized task that allowed us to reliably measure recollection and recognition, the main processes within episodic memory. Physical and mental (computer use) leisure activities predicted higher recollection and recognition across adulthood. Young adults’ recollection and recognition benefited from physical, mental (computer use), and social leisure activities. Middle-aged adults’ recollection benefited from physical and mental (computer use) leisure activities. Only the mental leisure activity of engaging in hobbies predicted higher recollection in older adults. Although we observed that physical, mental and social leisure activities improved episodic memory processes, with advancing age, individuals tend to cease these activities.