bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration and public health risk of DDT metabolites in different food items in Africa:Systematic review and metal analysis
Authors: Adare Dechasa , Geremew Abraham , Argaw Roba , Wolfing Tara
Published: April 2024

DDT is banned in many countries due to its persistency and negative impact on humans and the environment. However, it is continued to be used in many low-income countries, notably those in Africa, therefore exposing people in the region to various health threats. The current paper attempts to provide evidence regarding the concentration of DDT metabolites (pp DDT, pp DDD, and pp DDE) in a variety of food items in Africa. The preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols was used to conduct this work. SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases were used to retrieve articles using key words, Boolean logic operators, and MeSH terms. A total of 2002 studies were retrieved, of which 18 articles were included in the final analysis. The mean residue of pp DDT in vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, milk, cereals and khat was 0.195, 0.174, 0.028, 0.165, 0.056 and 0.043 mg/kg, respectively. The mean residue of pp DDD in vegetables, fruit, meat and fish, milk, and khat was 0.198, 0.011, 0.224, 0.068, and 0.021 mg/kg, respectively. The mean pp DDE residue in cereals, meat and fish, milk, vegetables, fruit, and khat was 0.57, 0.1259, 0.089, 0.1184, 0.029, and 0.0385 mg/kg, respectively. The metabolites in most food categories were higher than the recommended level, therefore posing major health risks to the public. Designing appropriate and effective pesticide management and safety measures, including tighter governmental regulation, is essential in the region.
Incidence of Luminal Gastrointestinal Cancers in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jogendran Manisha , Zhu Kai , Jogendran Rohit , Sabrie Nasruddin , Hussaini Trana , Yoshida Eric M. , Chahal Daljeet
Published: April 2024

Background: The global incidence of cirrhosis and luminal gastrointestinal cancers are increasing. It is unknown if cirrhosis itself is a predisposing factor for luminal gastrointestinal cancer.
Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of luminal gastrointestinal cancers in patients with underlying cirrhosis.
Methods: An electronic search was conducted to study the incidence of luminal gastrointestinal cancers in patients with cirrhosis. Study-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for both overall cancer incidence and luminal cancer incidence were analyzed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed based on cirrhosis etiology and location of luminal malignancy.
Results: We identified 5054 articles; 4 studies were selected for data extraction. The overall incidence of all cancers was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis, with an SIR of 2.79 (95% CI 2.18–3.57). When stratified by cirrhosis etiology, the incidence of luminal cancers remained significantly elevated for alcohol (SIR 3.13, 95% CI 2.24–4.39), PBC (SIR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10–1.79), and unspecified cirrhosis (SIR 3.52, 95% CI 1.87–6.65).
Conclusion: The incidence of luminal gastrointestinal cancer is increased amongst patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, increased screening of luminal cancers, and in particular these upper luminal tract subtypes, should be considered in this population.
Investigating Therapeutic Efficacy of Dacarbazine and Temozolomide, Alone and in Combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 Human Melanoma Cell Line
Authors: Tabandeh Fatemeh , Tehrani Rana Moradian , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Toopchi Elmira
Published: April 2024

Melanoma is one of the variable nature and deadliest form of skin cancers and the mutations play a major role in its development. It has faced many challenges in treatment and has led to the orientation of individual therapies to combined therapy. the present study is aimed at determining the combination therapeutic effects of Dacarbazine, Temozolomide with siRNA BRAF (V600E) in the A375 as treatments for melanoma.
The A375 cell line was treated with different concentrations of drugs for 24-72 hours.The IC50 and viability%, apoptosis%, and expression level of BRAF, CASP3, and PIK3R3 genes were examined respectively by MTT, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR.
Results: The cell viability % in the chemotherapy groups and siRNA with drugs groups has a substantial decrease, no significant difference was observed in the overall comparison of the two groups. The percentage of apoptosis in both chemotherapy-treated groups and siRNA + drugs indicated a significant difference compared to the control. The expression level of BRAF gene had a notable decrease in expression in the BRAF (V600E) siRNA-transfected cells with drugs compared to the chemotherapy groups. The most effective enhancement was noted in the siRNA+DTIC+TMZ group (22.43±0.9884). Our exploration extended to the mean expression levels of the PIK3R3 gene in the combined siRNA+chemotherapy groups, revealing a notable reduction.
Conclusions: these results would seem to implicate that the combination of siRNA plus chemotherapy in the A375 cell line is encouraging for the development of effective therapeutic strategies and should be explored and validated more to improve melanoma treatment.
Evaluate the relationship between the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Bagherinejad Maryam , Shamspour Najmeh , Ahmadipour Habibeh , mogadam Hesam Askari
Published: April 2024

Objects
This study aimed to determine the relationship between phosphorus and PTH levels with the incidence of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
Methods
The study was conducted cross-sectionally from April 2021 to September 2022, including individuals who had a permanent catheter for dialysis initiation. Demographic characteristics, physical measurements, and various laboratory tests were recorded, including phosphorus, PTH, and other parameters. The occurrence of CRBSI was also documented.
Results
In our study involving hemodialysis patients, out of the 100 participants, 19 individuals experienced catheter-related bloodstream infections CRBSI. The average age of patients with CRBSI (62.62±16.52years) was higher than patients without CRBSI (52.33±16.64years), and this difference was statistically significant ( p-value= 0.02).
In individuals with (CRBSI), the mean phosphorus level was5.43± 1.47compared to 4.88±1.08, and the mean PTH level was 406.63±263.97 compared to 306.69±389.15. However, this difference was only found to be statistically significant in the case of PTH (p=0.01)
Based on the logistic regression test, it was found that age has a significant relationship with CRBSI. With each year of age, the odds of experiencing a catheter-related blood infection increase by 1.1 times.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that age is a predictive factor for CRBSI, emphasizing the importance of self-care training in this population. Additionally, individuals with high PTH levels should undergo appropriate measures, such as transitioning from a permanent catheter to arteriovenous fistula (AVF), along with proper self-care training, to reduce infectious complications.
Natural emergency modeling and forecasting
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Akimov Valery
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop forecast and analytical models (FAM) for predicting the most catastrophic natural emergencies caused by floods, earthquakes and forest fires. The article discusses predictive and analytical solutions for natural hazards for urbanized areas based on the Bayesian classifiers. The result is a formalized description of models for predicting forest fires, consequences of earthquakes and floods. The novelty of the models is due to the application of a unified scientific approach - the statistical processing method based on Bayes’ theorem. In contrast to the frequency probability determined by the relative frequency of occurrence of random events over sufficiently long observations, the Bayesian probability is the main forecasting method for constructing and training neural networks. Scientific forecasting of crises and incidents based on the Bayesian method and Bayesian networks requires a large amount of up-to-date data to model natural disasters, which is typical for frequently recurring negative events. Due to the lack of statistical data, the Bayesian method is not applicable to predicting catastrophic natural disasters that occur rarely but cause significant damage.
A study of the relationship between the urban heat island and the urban pollution island in Moscow
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Le Minh Thuan
Published: April 2024

Atmospheric pollution with harmful chemical compounds is the most dangerous form of environmental degradation in Russia. Features of unfavorable environmental situations and environmental problems in the Russian regions are determined by local natural conditions and the impact from industries, transport, utilities and agriculture (enterprises, their capacity, location, technologies). When cities face the urban heat island effect and environmental pollution, there is an urgent need to develop new methods for ecological-microclimatic assessment and structural-functional urban-ecological justification for territorial planning. The big data method for urban heat island determination using a cloud computing platform in combination with a fine dust dispersion calculation model based on satellite images can establish the relationship between the urban heat island and ambient air pollution. The study was conducted using the example of Moscow.
Biodiversity conservation in the Pribakalsky National Park during road construction
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Belykh O.A.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the issue of biodiversity conservation in a unique natural area located in the northern part of the Small Sea. The Zama area is an inaccessible tourist site due to the local road, where you need to drive at least 80 km along a difficult road strewn with boulders. The highway construction project will change the habitats of Red Book and endemic species of the Pribaikalsky National Park (PNP). The article considers the toponymy, climatic and edaphic characteristics of the area. The ecological characteristics and floristic richness of the habitats of plant species in the PNP are also explored. Plant communities of successional type in anthropogenically disturbed areas are described. The reasons for anthropogenic impact and recommendations for the restoration of natural communities are provided. The changes and the effect of human activities are described. The research materials can be used for creating an information basis for decision-making on preventing negative consequences of tourism activities and the environmental safety of Lake Baikal.
Multiplicity dependence of charged-particle jet production in pp collisions at 13 TeV with ALICE
Authors: Banerjee Debjani
Published: April 2024

Measurements of jet production and jet properties in pp collisions provide a test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) and form a baseline for similar measurements in heavy ion (A-A) collisions. In this contribution, we report recent ALICE measurements of charged-particle jet production and intra-jet properties, including mean charged-constituent multiplicity and fragmentation distribution for leading jets, in minimum bias pp collisions at \sqrt{s}s = 13 TeV. In addition, the event multiplicity dependence of jet production and jet properties in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}s = 13 TeV will be presented. Results will be compared with theoretical model predictions.
Muon measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Góra Dariusz
Published: April 2024

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world’s largest detector for observation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) (above the energy of 10^{17}1017 eV). It consists of a Fluorescence Detector (FD) and an array of particle detectors known as the Surface Detector (SD). Observations of extensive air showers by the Observatory can be used to probe hadronic interactions at high energy, in a kinematic and energy region inaccessible to experiments at man-made accelerators and to measure the muon component of the shower. Air showers induced by different primaries have different muon contents. With increasing mass of the primary cosmic ray particle, it is expected that the muon content in the corresponding air showers should also increase. Therefore, the determination of the muon component in the air shower is crucial to infer the mass of the primary particle. This is a key ingredient in the searches conducted to pinpoint the sources of UHECRs. Recent results obtained from the Pierre Auger Observatory and other experiments indicate that all the shower simulations underestimate the number of muons in the showers compared to the data. This is the so-called muon deficit. In this paper we briefly review the muon measurements, and present in more detail recent results on fluctuations in the muon number. These results provide new insights into the origin of the muon deficit in air shower simulations and constrain the models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. With the current design of the surface detectors it is also difficult to reliably separate the contributions of muons to the SD signal from the contributions of photons, electrons, and positrons. Therefore, we also present a new method to extract the muon component of the signal time traces recorded by each SD station using recurrent neural networks. The combination of such algorithms, with the future data collected by the upgraded Pierre Auger Observatory, will be a major step forward, as we are likely to achieve an unprecedented resolution in mass estimation on an event-by-event basis.
Helix string fragmentation and charged particle correlations with ATLAS
Authors: Todorova-Nová Šárka
Published: April 2024

Correlations between charged particles provide important insight into the hadronization process. The analysis of the momentum difference between charged hadrons in pp, p-lead, and lead-lead collisions at LHC is performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in order to study the dynamics of hadron formation. The spectra of correlated hadron chains are explored and compared to the predictions based on the quantized fragmentation of a three dimensional QCD helix string. This provides an alternative view of the two-particle correlation phenomenon typically attributed to the Bose-Einstein interference.
Hyperon physics at BESIII
Authors: Thorén Viktor
Published: April 2024

Spin polarization and entanglement are utilized by the BESIII experiment to learn more about the production and decay properties of hyperon-antihyperon pairs in a series of recent analyses of its unprecedented datasets at the J/\psiJ/ψ and \psi'ψ′ resonances. This has lead to the observation of significant transverse polarisation in decays of J/\psiJ/ψ or \psi'ψ′ into \Lambda \bar{\Lambda}ΛΛ‾, \Sigma \bar{\Sigma}ΣΣ‾, \Xi \bar{\Xi}ΞΞ‾, and \Omega \bar{\Omega}ΩΩ‾. Because of the non-zero polarization, the decay parameters for the most common hadronic weak decays of both hyperons and antihyperons could be determined independently for the first time. Comparing these to each other yields precise tests of direct, \Delta S = 1ΔS=1 CP-violation that complement measurements of kaon decays.
Know Thyself: How Gifted Adolescents’ Knowledge of Giftedness Impacts their Self-Concept
Authors:   UNSW Sydney, Wong Vivien , Jung Jae Yup ,   UNSW Sydney
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate how knowledge of giftedness impacts self-concept of gifted adolescents. Guided by Sirgy’s (1997) Self-Congruity Theory and Shavelson et al.’s (1976) multidimensional hierarchical self-concept model, data collection was undertaken using semi-structured interviews with 11 Australian gifted adolescents and their parents. The collected data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four key themes emerged: (a) expectations from self and others, (b) the source and solutions to challenges, (c) the stigma of giftedness, and (d) parental involvement. In the findings, advanced knowledge of giftedness was associated with a more intense experience of stigma and a more internal locus of control. In addition, understanding giftedness was found to empower the parents of gifted students for more efficacious advocacy and support to cater to the needs of their gifted children.
Alimentação saudável e inclusiva na escola: Um olhar sobre a alimentação escolar para crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Lima Karen Priscila Oliveira , Bagni Ursula Viana , Souza Bárbara Guimarães , Rodrigues Carla Janaina Bonfim , Ferreira Daniele Mendonça
Published: April 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a percepção de cuidadores e profissionais que atuam em escolas públicas sobre o processo de alimentação de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista no ambiente escolar de modo a contribuir para a sua inclusão. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas com cuidadores e profissionais da escola (pedagogos, professores, merendeiras e diretores). Foram feitas perguntas abertas acerca do conhecimento sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista, e sobre o processo e as dificuldades de alimentação dessas crianças na escola. As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e os resultados foram organizados e analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, cuja interpretação foi baseada em referenciais na área de alimentação e direitos humanos. A partir da análise das narrativas, emergiram cinco categorias: comportamentos característicos das crianças durante a alimentação; conhecimentos sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista e alimentação; seletividade alimentar, transtorno de processamento sensorial; e evasão escolar relacionada a dificuldades na alimentação. Observou-se que o processo de alimentação das crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista é marcado por comportamentos perturbadores, gerando angústia e sentimento de impotência nos profissionais e nos familiares. Os cuidadores de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista que não se alimentam adequadamente consideram retirá-las da escola. Diante destas dificuldades, identificou-se a necessidade de qualificação profissional, considerando que o conhecimento do transtorno, sobretudo das características relacionadas à alimentação, pode efetivar a inclusão dessas crianças e reduzir a evasão escolar relacionada à alimentação.
Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Childhood Obesity And Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Adulthood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farooq Abdullah Shahid , Iftikhar Alia , Ahmed Aleena , Hafeez Aleba , Saleem Abdullah , Arshad Amber , Sadat Umar
Published: April 2024

Background: Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic incidents occurring before the age of 18 years that increases the risk ofadult health problems. Such experiences include various types of abuse; physical and emotional neglect; separation betweenparents; serious household dysfunction; peer violence and community violence.Objective: To determine the risk of colorectal cancer in persons in adult life with exposure to early life trauma. To find relationbetween adverse experiences in childhood and early life obesity.Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines 2020. In this review, 5 independent reviewersextracted the data based on the articles published between 2018 and 2023 with the help of Databases such as PubMed/ Medline andGoogle Scholar. In each database, keywords used were: Adverse Childhood Experiences And Childhood Obesity, Adverse ChildhoodExperiences OR Childhood Obesity AND Colorectal Cancer, Childhood Obesity AND Colorectal Cancer. Studies reported anyrelationship between adverse childhood experiences or childhood obesity and adulthood colorectal cancer were selected..Results: A total of 22 articles were identified. Out of these 13 (59.1%) explained the positive relationship between adverse childhoodexperiences and the development of childhood obesity (increased BMI). The most common childhood adversities related toincreased childhood BMI are Household dysfunction, crime proximity, neglect, bereavement, and abuse. There were 9 (40.9%) ofthe 22 identified articles proved a direct relation between childhood obesity and the development of colorectal carcinoma.Conclusion: Necessary steps must be taken to raise awareness about adverse childhood experiences such as abuse andcommunity-related issues children face and prevent such risk factors from increasing the overall risk of Colorectal Carcinoma, thusalleviating the burden on the health system and provide wellness to the society as a whole.
Determinants and Prevalence of Stunting Among Children Under the Age of Five in Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Muqaddas , Qasim Muhammad , Rana Momna , Ilyas Muhammad , Khalil Musab , Shaikh Muhammad Ilyas , Siddiqui Meha , Tariq Saira , Muhammad Tufail
Published: April 2024

Background: Stunting is a serious problem related to public health mostly affecting children under five years of age in various middle and low-income countries globally. It is a situation in which the growth and advancement of the human body is reduced.Objective: This study is purposed to figure out the key factors of stunting and the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan.Methods: A comprehensive search on key databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was made for relevant articles published between 2005 to 2022. For data reporting and analysis PRISMA checklist 2020 was used and a sum of 13 articles describing the determinants and prevalence of stunting in different rural and urban communities of Pakistan were selected for this systematic review.Results: The prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five ranges from 18.58% to 61%, with a pooled prevalence of 39.26%. 12 out of 13 studies mentioned the mother's lack of education (prevalence range:16.6%-98.3%), 10 studies touched upon lower socioeconomic status (prevalence range: 37%-77.8%),8 studies mentioned residence in rural areas (prevalence range: 40.7%-79%), 5 studies showed unsanitary conditions (prevalence range:10.4%-77%), 6 studies mentioned overcrowded families (prevalence range: 26%-64.1%) are the main determinants of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan. Only one article brought up that 33.9% of stunted children were underweight at birth and 39.1% children stunted children started weaning before the age of 6 months.Conclusion: The most recurrent factor was the mother's lack of education, followed by lower socioeconomic status, then residence in rural areas, then overcrowded families, followed by unsanitary conditions and lastly underweight children at birth and weaning age of less than 6 months. The overall pooled prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan is 39.26%.
Synthesis of Aromatic Azides using Different Methodologies
Authors: Leyva Elisa , Loredo-Carrillo Silvia E.
Published: April 2024

For several decades, aromatic azides have been applied in diverse areas of research
like synthesis of organic compounds, novel materials and photoaffinity labeling of
biomolecules. The discovery of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry expanded
their applications. Currently, they are extensively used in biology, biochemistry and medicine.
For many years, aromatic azides were usually prepared using nucleophilic substitution.
In this classical procedure, commercially available anilines are first converted into aryl
diazonium salts which in turn are transformed into aromatic azides by nucleophilic substitution
with sodium azide. However, this procedure is rather inconvenient experimentally
since it requires the use of strong acids and low temperatures. In recent years, several alternative
procedures have been developed. In the present review, we present the synthesis of
aromatic azides by means of different experimental methodologies.
Oxidative Coupling: An Important Tool for Pyrrole Synthesis
Authors: Tripathi Shrishti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Singh Himanshu , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Kukreti Neelima , Mishra Rashmi , Singh Saurabh
Published: April 2024

:

In oxidative coupling, two molecules combine with the help of different oxidants and transition
metals. It is used to form various natural and synthetic compounds. Oxidative coupling reactions
catalyzed by transition metals (Pd or Cu), Iodine, Cobalt, Ti, etc, are used widely for the synthesis
of pyrroles. Pyrrole is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring structure that consists of a single nitrogen.
Several methods have been adopted and reported for the synthesis of pyrroles and their analogs in the
recent past. Synthesis of pyrrole via oxidative coupling takes place in the presence of various catalysts,
bases, and solvents and at different temperatures and times. In another method, Oxidative reactions
between diols and primary amines utilizing copper/nitroxyl as the catalyst also yield pyrroles.
Rhodium has also been used as a catalyst in oxidative coupling reactions between alkynes and carboxylic
acid (substituted by heteroarene or arene) to obtain pyrroles. Paal-Knorr reaction is also one
of the most common reactions in the synthesis of pyrrole. In the present study, we summarized different
oxidative reactions that have been reported for the synthesis of pyrrole. Hopefully, the study will
be helpful for the researchers.
Identification of the NF-κB Inhibition Peptides in Asthma from Pheretima
aspergillum Decoction and Formula Granules using Molecular Docking
and Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Xiao Xiaotong , Liu Yaxiong , Huang Yayang , Zeng Wenjie , Luo Zhuoya
Published: April 2024

Background:

The Pheretima aspergillum decoction is a traditional therapeutic form,
while the formula granules are produced through traditional Chinese medicine decoctions. However,
the active ingredients in Pheretima aspergillum have not been fully elucidated, and no published
reports have investigated the differences between Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula
granules.

Objective:

The study aimed to explore the potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum
decoction and formula granules and investigate their potential pharmacological mechanisms in
alleviating inflammation associated with asthma through interaction with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65
complex.

Methods:

μLC-Q Exactive MS combined with de novo sequencing technology was employed to
identify potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules.
Deep learning models were utilized to evaluate the bioactivity and toxicity of these peptides. Further
investigations included molecular docking studies aimed at uncovering the interactions between
the selected peptides and the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex at affinity and critical residue sites.
Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the peptide-receptor
complexes.

Results:

A total of 2,235 peptides from the Pheretima aspergillum decoction and 1,424 peptides
from the Pheretima aspergillum formula granules were identified. Deep learning models resulted
in the identification of 298 bioactive and non-toxic peptides from the decoction and 145 from the
formula granules. Molecular docking revealed that 160 peptides from the decoction and 63 from
the formula granules exhibited a strong affinity for the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. The results of
molecular dynamics simulations supported the stability of the interactions involving the peptide
EGPANFADLGK from the decoction and the peptide KAAVDFGVPGDAGALAHLK from the
formula granules with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. In conclusion, potential bioactive peptides
were identified in both Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules.

Conclusion:

This study has investigated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of peptides derived
from Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules in alleviating inflammation associated
with asthma through the interaction of the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex, providing a basis
for elucidating the molecular mechanism of action for the treatment of asthma.
Político vs. Político: análise de interações de conflito
Authors: Ferreira Cátia Filipa Dias
Published: April 2024

The present study analyzed two conflict situations taken from the Diaries of the Republic Assembly, the main objective of this work being the linguistic-discursive analysis of these conflictswith the aim of understanding how these mechanisms are used by the speaker to build a relationship of (im)politeness. For this construction of an impolite relationship, speech acts (threatening to the face) and forms of treatment (essential in parliamentary sessions in terms of politeness and impoliteness) were analyzed. Thus, for all the aspects mentioned here, several mechanisms are used to mark conflicting situations, especially in the analyzed context (political context).
Ditadura Militar: uma análise discursiva do funcionamento do algoritmo do Google
Authors: Amado Giselly Tiago Ribeiro
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the construction of meanings in the naming of the military coup in Brazil, focusing on the influence of Google’s algorithm. The relevance of this topic increased when Bolsonaro ordered the celebration of the 55thanniversary of the coup, in March 2019. This discursive event led to a mixing of dates (1964-2019) and influenced the search results, associating the year 2019 with the military coup. The results reveal a dispute of meanings between military “coup” and “revolution”, and the analyses indicate that these linguistic processes impact broader systems in society.
Knooppunt ontwikkeling
Authors: Bijlsma Like
Published: April 2024

Nederland heeft een groot woningtekort. Onlangs heeft het Rijk geld vrijgemaakt om 900.000 nieuwe woningen te bouwen. Veel van de door het Rijk aangewezen woningbouwlocaties liggen op knooppunten van openbaar vervoer. De uitwerking en vormgeving van de plannen wordt geïnitieerd door coalities van marktpartijen in samenwerking met lokale en regionale overheden.
Correction Notice to Di Lauro (2023)
Authors: Vanlee Florian
Published: April 2024

The article “What’s in a woman?” authored by Cassandre Di Lauro (DiGeSt: Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies, Vol. 10, No. , pp. 81-96, https://doi.org/10.21825/digest.85307), published on December 11, 2023 as part of the Special Issue “Varieties of TERFness” – guest edited by Mauro Cabral Grinspan, Ilana Eloit, David Paternotte and Mieke Verloo – included a number of details about the otherwise anonymized participants. Upon revaluation after the manuscript’s publication, the participants feared these elements could put their anonymity at risk, and requested corrections to be made to the article to safeguard their privacy. In recognition of polarized and at times even bellicose discourses on gender in contemporary feminist spaces, the Special Issue’s guest editors and DiGeSt’s editorial team recognize that only the participants themselves may fully assess the degree to which they might face unwanted attention by their description in an article. Hence, they have agreed on a post-publication correction to the article – which were enacted on April 5, 2024. Throughout the document, all details marked by the participants as potentially identifying information have been edited to further anonymize the community studied, and several line edits have been made to clarify the author’s descriptive intent. No further changes have been made to the article, and neither its substance nor its conclusions have been altered.
Relationship between CYP2C19 genotypes and proton pump inhibitorsʹs pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: review
Authors: Ruta A. V. , Luchinina E. V. , Shelekhova T. V. , Luchinin E. A. , Zaitseva M. R.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians with information and a concise interpretation of the results of pharmacogenetic testing for the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype when choosing a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosage. PPIs are widely used for the treatment and prevention of common gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and other hypersecretory conditions. Most PPIs are metabolized predominantly by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) to form inactive metabolites, and the CYP2C19 genotype determines the action of PPIs, their efficacy and possible side effects. In clinical practice, a gastroenterologist or therapist is faced with problems of insufficient effectiveness or the development of adverse reactions when prescribing PPIs. Thus, consideration of CYP2C19 genotype appears to be necessary to determine the optimal PPI dosing regimen. The above served as a reason for generalizing in the presented review of literature data on the prescription of PPIs depending on the CYP2C19 genotype.
Clinical observation of Erdheim–Chester disease: diagnostic difficulties, treatment options
Authors: Matsuga A. A. , Aboyan I. A. , Nistratov G. P. , Chernousov V. V. , Lemeshko S. I. , Katsiaev V. Yu. , Nistratova O. V. , Burnasheva E. V. , Shatokhin Yu. V. , Snezhko I. V. , Ryabikina E. V. , Degtereva E. V. , Mordanov S. V. , Zeltser A. N.
Published: April 2024

As is known, orphan diseases, which include histiocytosis, including Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), occur under the guise of other diseases, which complicates timely diagnosis and treatment. The presence of various symptoms in patients with an unspecified diagnosis (weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, malaise, shortness of breath, thirst, polyuria; pain in the muscles and joints, in the long tubular bones of the upper and lower extremities, in the lower back or abdomen due to kidney damage and/or retroperitoneal fibrosis; exophthalmos; rash, xanthomas; frequent infectious diseases; nystagmus, ataxia, dysarthria) requires doctors to be wary of BEC.The variety of symptoms is due to the involvement of many organs and systems (orbits, kidneys, skin, brain, including the pituitary gland; lungs; heart; blood vessels; tubular bones), which requires a thorough examination, including morphological verification of the pathological process. Histological examination of biopsy specimens for BEC is characterized by histiocytic infiltrates (so-called “foamy histiocytosis”) with signs of inflammation and the presence of Touton giant cells; Immunohistochemistry reveals positive staining of these giant cells for CD68 antigen and factor XIIIa. Bone scintigraphy reveals a pronounced symmetrical accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in the affected bones; with radiography in places of ossalgia — significant symmetrical bilateral osteosclerosis of the periosteum; according to CT data - “hairy” kidneys, “lined” aorta as a result of infiltration with histiocytes. The BRAF V-600E gene mutation, detected in half of the cases, in combination with one or more clinical and morphological signs allows a correct diagnosis to be made. The treatment of this disease is quite complex due to the lack of multicenter international clinical studies due to the rare occurrence of this pathology. However, clinical studies are currently being conducted on the use of drugs of various groups in the treatment of BEC. There is no doubt that due to the rarity of the disease and the low awareness of doctors, our own clinical experience in managing such patients is of great interest.
Leveraging Existing Abilities in Dementia (LEAD™): Changing the Way Rehabilitation Professionals Care for Persons Living with Dementia
Authors: Dawson Nicole , Trapuzzano Ashleigh , Judge Katherine S.
Published: April 2024

Latest estimates indicate that 5-7% of the population are living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias worldwide with a doubling in incidence expected every 20 years. Rehabilitation professionals are challenged with the complex needs of these patients. It is commonly thought that patients with dementia do not benefit from rehabilitation because of cognitive decline, behaviors, lack of communication, or difficulties in learning; however, current literature indicates this is not accurate. With proper knowledge and training, rehabilitation professionals can provide dementia-specific, person-centered care to maximize rehabilitation outcomes by maintaining or even improving function and thereby reduce healthcare costs. This article introduces an innovative rehabilitation framework, Leveraging Existing Abilities in Dementia (LEAD™), which was developed using tenets of the Strength-Based Approach to assist clinicians with the necessary education and skills for working with this specialized patient population. The LEAD™ framework guides the therapist in understanding how the disease process can impact the individual while identifying current strengths and abilities across several key areas allowing the rehabilitation professional to best identify appropriate treatment strategies. Treatment strategies and facilitators are described in three key areas (the ‘3 C’s): communication, cognition, and coping. The LEAD™ Framework for Rehabilitation Professionals aims to address the current barriers to care, such as lack of general knowledge about dementia, how to manage cognitive and emotional behaviors related to dementia, and limited understanding of how to communicate and engage with these patients. This type of guidance for daily practice is needed for these unique patients with hopes of further research.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUCONAZOLE TOPICAL NANOSPONGE HYDROGEL
Authors: MD SARFARAZ , MEHBOOB SHAIKH ZAMIRULLAH , DODDAYYA H.
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study aimed to develop a polymeric nanosponge-based hydrogel system for enhanced topical application of fluconazole, an antifungal drug.
Methods: Nanosponges were formulated using the emulsion solvent diffusion method using various polymers like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and Eudragit RS 100. Polyvinyl alcohol and ethanol were used to prepare the aqueous and dispersed phases. Nanosponges were dispersed in an appropriate amount of gelling agent Carbopol 940 to get nanosponge gel. Drug–polymer interaction has been carried out by FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated for various tests like production yield, drug entrapment efficiency, compatibility and SEM studies. The nanosponge hydrogel was tested for pH, drug content, spreadability, in vitro diffusion and kinetic studies.
Results: The drug entrapment efficiency of fluconazole nanosponges was found in the range of 52.3±0.84% to 80.8±0.36% for all formulations, respectively. The spreadability of prepared nanosponges gel formulation was in the range between 5.20±0.19 to 7.187±0.85.
Particle size analysis showed that the average particle size of fluconazole nanosponges formulated using ethyl cellulose (F5) was found to be 334 nm. The zeta potential was found to be-10.4 mV, indicating the formulated fluconazole nanosponges (F5) had moderate stability. FTIR and DSC studies of pure drug and nanosponges suggested that the formulations were stable and there was no chemical interaction with polymer and other excipients. The optimised fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel (FG5) released 90.90% drug in 8 h.
Conclusion: Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel could be successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel showed promising results under in vitro condition and thus, there exists a scope for evaluation of the developed nanosponge hydrogel for further pharmacokinetic studies, using appropriate test models.
An analysis of a high-rise building's progressive collapse if four of its exterior columns were removed
Authors: Dur Al-huda Jasim Majed Dur Al-huda Jasim x , M. Rasheed Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Progressive failure is the partial or complete failure of a structure as a result of a local failure occurring in the load-bearing element, resulting in failure propagating from one element to another. A progressive collapse study of a real ten-story telecommunications building was performed using ETABS (V.23) software, and RC ACI Code was used to design the building. The demand-to-capacity ratio is analyzed according to GSA acceptance standards to evaluate the ability of the structure to transfer loads to nearby members. Four central columns on the sixth and seventh floors were removed. The examination included a failure scenario resulting from the removal of an explosion on the sixth and seventh floors of the building. The results of the study found that removing four supports on the two floors did not cause gradual collapse and that the redistribution after removing the column was equal. The shear and bending DCR values for column loss are lower than 1, according to GSA 2016. As a result of load redistribution, the nearby column receives compressive strains as the supports above the deleted one lose axial compressive pressures. The weight on the sixth level was moved to columns C1A and C4A at grid A, while columns C2A and C3A were removed. This transfer was twice as great as the load communicated before the columns were removed. This implies that the adjacent columns were large enough to support additional loads. Since DCR readings were less than the permitted limits at 1, the beams were acceptable in flexure, shear, and DCR readings for column axial load.
Challenges and Interventions in the Teaching and Learning Process in Public Secondary Schools in Ilemela Municipality, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Ngutunyi David , Mkulu Demetria , Lupia Clara
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to examine challenges and intervention in teaching and learning process in government schools at Ilemela Municipal, Mwanza Tanzania. Primary aim of education is to enhance both individual and national development by imparting relevant knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and equipping individuals with the necessary skills to address existing challenges. Through the process teaching and learning process in schools encounter several challenges that impede their progress. The study adopted mixed research approach and convergent parallel research design. About 200 participants out of 2000 target population were included in the study subject matter. Questionnaire and Interview guide were used as instruments in which questionnaire was validated and reliability was checked using split in obtaining 0.8 Correlation coefficients. The data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by researcher using SPSS Version 23 to summarize data, while data gathered through interviews were thematically analyzed. The findings revealed that most of the public secondary schools face in-depth challenges throughout the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the findings indicated that school feeding programs appear to be essential for enhancing effective teaching and learning, leading to improved academic performance among students. The study recommends that the government should ensure the availability of teaching and learning resources and emphasize the establishment of school feeding programs to enhance students' academic performance.
Utilizing Machine Learning or Predictive Modelling of Stress Levels during Sleep
Authors: Lone Touseef Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper focuses on examining and predicting stress levels using a dataset containing various physiological parameters. The dataset undergoes thorough preparation and scrutiny to understand its composition and quality, laying the groundwork for subsequent analysis. Through data visualization, insights into the relationships between stress levels and physiological attributes are gained, providing a basis for further investigation. The main emphasis of this paper lies in developing and evaluating machine learning models for predicting stress levels. Various models, such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and Gaussian Naive Bayes, are rigorously trained and tested. These models exhibit impressive performance, with some achieving exceptional accuracy on test data. The successful development of these models suggests practical applications in healthcare, well-being monitoring, and stress management. Nevertheless, the study acknowledges limitations, particularly regarding data quality and representation. The models' effectiveness depends on the quality and diversity of the dataset. Future research and data collection efforts have the possibility of enhancing the precision and dependability of stress level predictions. Overall, this research lays a promising groundwork for utilizing machine learning in stress assessment and management, with potential benefits for individual health and well-being.
Limit Equilibrium Method Based Slope Stability Analysis of One of the Most Highly Landslide Susceptible Region of Guwahati
Authors: Kakoty Rishiraj
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Guwahati, situated in a hilly region, faces the constant threat of landslides due to its susceptibility to high rainfall. The city has a history of several instances of landslides, causing substantial loss of life and property. The Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA) has identified at least 366 locations within the city as highly seismic-prone areas. In response to this, a comprehensive analysis of slope vulnerability has been initiated. One of the targeted sites, recently affected by landslides, is undergoing thorough examination using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). To achieve this, a detailed survey of the slope profile has been conducted, including the collection of geological data and soil samples. The geotechnical parameters are being meticulously analysed based on the obtained soil test reports, considering factors such as drainage conditions and historical rainfall intensity data. This crucial information serves as input for a LEM-based software, which is commonly available for slope stability analysis. The software utilizes sophisticated algorithms to assess the vulnerability of the slope under varying rainfall intensities, offering valuable insights into potential landslide risks. By combining field surveys, geotechnical testing, and advanced software analysis, this comprehensive approach aims to provide a holistic understanding of slope stability, aiding in the formulation of effective strategies for landslide mitigation in the identified vulnerable regions of Guwahati. This initiative aligns with the broader goal of enhancing disaster preparedness and resilience in the face of natural hazards in the region.