bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of herbal treatment of Hyphaene Thebaica (Doum) and Nelumbo Nucifera (Lotus) on Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension in Male Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Elmahdy M.F  , Adris M.A  , O. Belih S.S
Published: October 2022

Hyperlipidemia is a condition in medical terms where any lipid profile or else the lipoproteins are increasedin the blood stream. Elevated LDL is risky and the best indicator of atherosclerosis risk. Hypertension is one ofthe most associated disease with dyslipidemia. For HDL-C, the risk of hypertension is supposed to be increasedat such low levels. There are various medicinal plants, which are supposed to be a very important source forupcoming chemical substances which are having the potential for therapeutic effects. There are various phenolicas well as flavonoids substances present in Hyphaene Thebaica (Doum). These ingredients usually workas an antioxidant that are very helpful to provide a control towards hyperlipidemic. Hyphaene Thebaica hasantimicrobial, antidiabetic antihypertensive, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects. Yet another element called asNelumbo Nucifera (Lotus) is very useful for medicinal purposes in terms of Oriental medicine. These plants arevery hypolipidemic, antioxidant activity, antipyretic, antiplatelet activity and hypoglycemic activity.Objective of the study: to estimate the effects of doum and lotus methanolic extracts on hyperlipidemia,hypertension and diabetes on lipid profile parameters and hypertension parameters like angiotensin convertingenzyme and aldosterone.Material and Methods: The study in this paper was done on fourth rats with the species of Wistar Albino. Theserats are divided in to four groups and all are male samples. First one was control group and hyperlipidemia andhypertension induced in three groups. Feeding hyperlipidemic and hypertensive rats with extract of doum inthird group and lotus extract in fourth group.Results: The effect of both extracts on lipid profile parameters, Angiotensin converting enzyme and aldosteronewere parallel in significant lowering them. Doum had strong effect on body weight but lotus had strong effect onfasting blood glucose level.

Conclusion: Doum and Lotus contain flavonoids and phenols which cause lowering in lipid profile, Angiotensinconverting enzyme, aldosterone, body weight and fasting blood glucose.Recommendation: Using the extracts of lotus seeds and doum fruit can be used as adjuvant treatment inhyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes.
Cyclometalated iridium complexes-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reaction: construction of quinoline derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Shui Hongling , Zhong Yuhong , Luo Renshi , Zhang Zhanyi , Huang Jiuzhong , Yang Ping , Luo Nianhua
Published: October 2022

The acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) reaction is an efficient method for synthesizing quinoline and its derivatives. In this paper, various substituted quinolines were synthesized from 2-aminobenzyl alcohols and aryl/heteroaryl/alkyl secondary alcohols in one pot via a cyclometalated iridium-catalyzed ADC reaction. This method has some advantages, such as easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, wide range of substrates, and environmental friendliness which conforms to the principles of green chemistry. Furthermore, a gram-scale experiment with low catalyst loading offers the potential to access the aryl/heteroaryl quinolones in suitable amounts. In addition, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized quinolines were evaluated in vitro, and the experimental results showed that the antibacterial activities of compounds 3ab, 3ad, and 3ah against Gram-positive bacteria and compound 3ck against C. albicans were better than the reference drug norfloxacin.
Determining the Factors Effective on the Instructor Profile of Teacher Candidates through Conjoint Analysis
Authors: GÖK Bilge , SİREM Özgür
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the profile of the instructor in the minds of teacher candidates. For this purpose, the cross-sectional survey model was used, as the research aimed to reveal the existing situation as it is, and in which data were collected from a predetermined sample at a certain time. The study group of the research consists of a total of 271 students studying at the Basic Education Department of the Faculty of Education of a state university located in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In the research, a conjoint questionnaire and a questionnaire for determining the qualification of the instructor, consisting of open-ended questions, were used in order to reveal the ideal instructor profile in the minds of teacher candidates. In order to determine the factors that affect the teacher candidates' academic staff profile, the data obtained were analyzed using percentage, frequency and conjoint analysis methods. Conjoint analysis was performed by writing the appropriate program in the "Syntax" editor of the SPSS 23 package program. According to the results obtained from the teacher candidates in the research, middle-aged, titled Dr. Instructor member or Assoc. Dr. can be defined as "ideal", a good scientist, objective, understanding, female, and a faculty member who communicates with all of the students.
TWO-STAGE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ULCEROUS-NECROTIC ENTERITIS COMPLICATED BY PERFORATION AND GENERAL PERITONITIS IN A PATIENT WHO UNDERWENT TOTAL COLECTOMY
Authors: Makarov V. V. , Feskov V. M. , Shevchenko R. S. , Prijmenko D. S.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the message is to inform the medical community about a rare clinical observation – the case of ulcerous-necrotic enteritis complicated by peritonitis due to numerous bowel wall perforations in a patient who underwent total colectomy with application of ileorectal anastomosis for idiopathic megacolon more than 30 years ago.

Materials and methods. The results of objective and instrumental methods of diagnosis, as well as the data of intraoperative findings were analyzed. The choice of surgical approach is based on the incisive analysis of the detected changes.

Results and discussion. A serious problem was the impossibility of correct surgical elimination of the source of peritonitis during the first surgical intervention. Therefore, the decision on staged correction was taken.

Conclusions: when it is not possible to perform a correct single-step surgical elimination of the source of peritonitis in case of ulcerous-necrotic enteritis, the surgical treatment should be carried out in incremental steps. Relaparotomy “at request” is an operation of choice. The decision on the timing of reintervention should be patient-specific.
CHOICE OF INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR PROCEDURE
Authors: Bulyk I. I.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Modern surgical approaches to inguinal hernia repair are laparoscopic (TAPP and TEP) and open (Lichtenstein procedure), which are based on prolene mesh prosthetics. Despite the widespread use of these methods of hernia repair in surgical practice, the frequency of typical postoperative complications: hematoma of the scrotum and inguinal region, false recurrence, paresthesias, neuralgia, etc.

Aim. To compare TAPP, TEP, and Lichtenstein based on analysis of long-term treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods. We performed surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in 211 patients. All of them underwent tension-free hernia repair using a prolene prosthesis. Lichtenstein procedure was performed in 65 patients (Lichtenstein group), TAPP (TAPP group) in 81 patients and TEP (TEP group) in 65 patients. In 30 patients of different groups, the blood flow in the vessels of the testis was studied after the procedures performed within 45–60 days.

Results. Probably (p<0.001) faulty recurrence was observed more often in the Lichtenstein group. Seromas that persisted for more than 30 days (p<0.01) and seromas that required surgical intervention — puncture (p<0.05) were more likely to be noted in the TEP group. Indicators such as hernia recurrence (up to one year) and the intensity and frequency of chronic postoperative neuralgia in the Lichtenstein, TAPP and TEP groups differed improbably. The systolic velocity of blood flow in the vessels of the testis in patients of the Lichtenstein group before the operation was (19.70±3.53). In the postoperative period, an incredible decrease in blood flow was observed (19.28±3.41). In patients of the TAPP group, the preoperative systolic velocity was (19.83±3.27) and improbably decreased to (19.47±3.44) within 45–60 days. A similar improbable decrease was observed in the TEP group — (19.80±3.56) and (19.63±3.51)

Conclusions. The Lichtenstein procedure and endoscopic methods of inguinal hernia correction (TAPP and TEP) are safe procedures in terms of long-term complications and do not likely affect the systolic blood flow velocity in the testicular arteries.
A FEATURE OF LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF IRREDUCIBLE AND LARGE INGUINAL HERNIAS
Authors: Bulyk I. I. , Shkarban V. P. , Bondaryev R. V.
Published: October 2022

Summary. Introduction. The inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical problems around the world. Patients with large inguinal and inguinal hernias are a certain group. At present, there are no final convincing evidence of the advantage of laparoscopic hernia repair of complex forms of inguinal hernias, indications and contraindications to various methods of this operation, the technology of performing surgical interventions for various types of complex inguinal hernias has not been completed.

Aim. Perform perioperative complications in surgical treatment of unrecognizable and large inguinal hernias with laparoscopic modified TAPP method, classic Laparoscopic TEP laparoscopic technique and inguinal canal plastic according to Lichtenstein.

Materials and methods. Surgical treatment of 42 patients with unrecognizable and large inguinal hernias was performed. All of them were performed incapacitated plastic with the use of a prone grid. In 12 patients, the Lichtenstein (Lichtenstein group) was performed, 18 patients with a modified technique (TAPP group) and 12 — TEP (TEP group). Modification was a high resection of the hernia sac in patients with inguinal-callous hernia, and the techniques of digestion of the peritoneum with a fixed gut in cases where the intestine is tightly fictoned in a large length to the peritoneum in the area of the hernia sac.

Results of the research. Application in the performance of transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair of the technique of high resection of the hernia sac in patients with inguinal-potassium hernia, and methods Surgery, reduce the frequency of hematoma and inflammatory processes in the TAPP surgery area is likely (p < 0.05), and reduce the number of conversions in the TAPP group.

Conclusions. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a necessary highly informative stage of diagnosis and determination of surgical tactics for complex types of inguinal hernias. Laparoscopic hernia repair of complex forms of inguinal hernias is a method of choice, which provides low trauma, asepticity, good conditions for wound healing. Modified technique of transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair of complex inguinal hernias, which reduced the trauma of the operation and thus reduce intra and postoperative complications that are manifested by the formation of hematoma and inflammatory processes in the surgery.
A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL COMBINED SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A WOUNDED WITH PURULOUS MEDIASTINITIS AFTER CHEST AND NECK INJURY OF FIRE ORIGIN
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Krytsak V. V. , Zamyatin P. M. , Shevchenko O. M. , Zamyatin D. P. , Khoroshun E. M. , Negoduyko V. V. , Bunin Yu. M.
Published: October 2022

Resume. The purpose of the study was to reveal the main features of the development of purulent mediastinitis in a wounded person with penetrating gunshot wounds of the chest and neck in order to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of this difficult complication. The work reports on the injured K., 29 years old, with acute purulent-necrotic mediastinitis and late bilateral empyema of the pleura caused by a gunshot wound to the chest and neck. With early diagnosis of suppurative mediastinitis due to penetrating gunshot wounds of the chest and neck, active surgical tactics including wound dressing, drainage, massive antibiotic therapy, and adequate postoperative care with intensive care generally help to save the patient's life.
The effect of governance quality on tax avoidance: Evidence from Mongolia
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Enkh-Amgalan Tsetsegdelger , Batbayar Altan-Erdene
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigate the effect of governance quality on tax avoidance in entities. In our prior study(Enkh-Amgalan & Batbayar, 2022), we aimed to detect tax avoidance in all operating entities in Mongolia by employing the long-run cash effective tax rate(CASH ETR) developed by Dyreng, Hanlon, & Maydew(2008). The findings indicated that more than 80 percent of the sample entities consistently avoided taxes for the long-term regardless of their size and location. Thus, this study aims to examine the factors that affect the activity. To detect tax avoidance in entities, we apply effective tax rate measurements (GAAP ETR or CASH ETR) by Dyreng, Hanlon, & Maydew(2010). To do so, we exercise the two-stage least square and general method of moments regression models. Using panel data of 18,408 firm-year observations, corresponding to 3,068 unique entities covering the consecutive years of 2013-2019, we find a significant and negative relationship between governance quality and tax avoidance. For the robustness checks, we alter the estimation methods. The findings of the additional analyses are all robust to the main results.
Fine Dust is Coming Again: The Effect of Air Pollution on Health Using Seasonal Weather Patterns
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Kwak Seung Jun , Cho Jae Il , Choi Eun Chul
Published: October 2022

Air pollution, especially fine dust(PM10) and ultra-fine dust(PM2.5), adversely affects people’s health status. However, measuring its effect has been an ongoing debate in health economics and related fields. Air pollution levels are highly correlated to economic conditions (firms produce more during the economic boom increasing the air pollution levels and vice-versa during the recession), which affect individual decisions on medical expenditure and avoidance behavior. In this light, our study uses seasonal weather patterns (i.e., wind direction and wind speed) as instruments to measure and analyze the causal effect of air pollution(PM10 and PM2.5) on mortality. Instruments are robust and valid as seasonal wind patterns are known to affect the air pollution level while they are orthogonal to people's health. Our panel fixed instrumental variable regression results show the clear adverse effect of PM10 and PM2.5 on the number of deaths, especially the deaths caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Moreover, we also have found that the effect of PM2.5 is more detrimental to health than PM10.
An Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 and Disaster Relief Funds on Consumption in Jeju
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Park Sookyung , Kang Young-jun
Published: October 2022

This study examines the effects of first COVID-19 emergency relief funds on local consumption in Jeju. We utilize daily data on credit card transactions and conduct empirical analyses using the GMM and VAR methodologies. The main results are as follows. First, during the period from January to August 2020, the increase in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases across the country significantly reduced Jeju residents’ card spending in Jeju. Second, we find strong evidence that the COVID-19 emergency relief funds affect the consumption of Jeju residents positively. The influence of the subsidy, which is considered as temporary income, on Jeju residents’ consumption was estimated to be lower than the that of tourists' spending, which could be considered as ordinary income. Third, the card spending of Jeju residents increased significantly at the time of the announcement of the government’s plan ahead of actual payments of the disaster aids. That is supportive evidence that consumption depends on the expected income. Lastly, when the Jeju-type disaster subsidy shock occurred, the response of Jeju residents' card consumption was immediate, whereas in the case of the government-type, the increase in consumption was delayed. This difference in the impulse responses might be due to the difference in the payment target, method, and timing between the two COVID-19 disaster relief funds.
The Economic Effects of Gyeongbu-Expressway
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Jung Yonghun , Lee Seong-Hoon , Park Koeun
Published: October 2022

The expressway use by the construction of Gyeongbu Expressway makes it possible to efficiently allocate resources and disseminate information and knowledge through inter-regional networks. However, the existing studies on the economic effect of the Gyeongbu Expressway have only analyzed the ripple effect of the construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway on the people and industry. There are no studies estimating the effect of the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway on economic growth through efficient resource allocation and information and knowledge dissemination. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of using the Gyeongbu Expressway on total factor productivity, which is the core of sustainable economic growth. In particular, focusing on the analysis of the economic effect after the construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway, the effect of the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway on national productivity is explained through a long-term and short-term growth model. In the endogenous growth model, an increase in the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway has a negative effect on economic growth in the short term, but a positive effect in the long term, and after a certain period, the positive long-term effect dominates the negative short-term effect. Our empirical result supports the above suggestion, showing that the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway contributes to the efficient allocation of resources and the transmission of information and technology.
The Effects of Restaurant Employees’ Supervisor Incivility on Job Engagement and Counterproductive Work Behavior in China
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Fang Weiyu , Jun Jae-Kyoon
Published: October 2022

Incivility in the workplace has become an issue among domestic and foreign corporate members. According to a survey, it is difficult to find members of an organization who have not experienced incivility in the workplace. Among them, in particular, incivility by the supervisor accounts for the highest proportion. This study aims to analyze the effect of commercial practices on job engagement and counterproductive work behavior for employees of Chinese restaurant companies. The counterproductive work behavior was investigated by dividing it into three types: counterproductive work behavior for customers(CWB-C), counterproductive work behavior for organizations(CWB-O), and counterproductive work behavior for organizational employees(CWB-I). The investigation period was conducted from February 1 to March 28, 2022. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 382 questionnaires were collected, of which 361 were used for the final analysis, excluding 21 were dishonest. The summary of the analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that supervisor’s incivility had a significant negative (-) effect on job engagement. This means that as you experience incivility from your supervisor, your subordinates' enthusiasm for the job decreases. Second, job engagement had a significant negative (-) effect on all three types of counterproductive work behavior. This indicates that the weaker the job engagement, the higher the three types of counterproductive work behavior. Based on these analysis results, a plan to improve the organizational culture of restaurants was proposed by presenting theoretical and practical implications of the study.
Determinants of Investing in Risky Assets by IRP(individual retirement pension) Holders: Analyses of Gender and Age Factors
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Choi Sujung
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the determinants of investing in risky assets by IRP(individual retirement pension) holders. The KOSIS(Korean Statistical Information Service) recently started to provide individual-level annual microdata on retirement pension holders from 2015 to 2020 through Microdata Integrated Service(MDIS). The microdata includes all nationwide retirement pension holders with their demographic information such as gender and age. Using the microdata, this study examines the IRP tenure, gender, and age factors which could be related to the investors’ behavior of choosing risky products such as stocks and bonds relative to risk-free assets(i.e., time deposits). In particular, the number of IRP holders has dramatically increased because of the changes in regulation that allows special occupation pension holders and self-employed persons to join the IRP since 2017. The total number of IRP holders was 745,801 in 2015 and became 2,444,765 in 2020; the number of IRP holders who have a balance of risky assets in their accounts has also increased 4.73 times more in 2020 than in 2015. We compare odds ratios and marginal effects by employing the annual cross-sectional logistic regressions and find that the probability of investing in risky assets is 4.72%(2.58%) higher for male IRP holders than for female IRP holders in 2015(2020). Newly joining IRP holders since 2017 are more likely to keep their accounts than prior IRP holders; 20s and 30s IRP holders in 2019 and 2020 are more interested in choosing risky products than before.
The Effect of Online Clinical Practicum Education on the Learning of Nursing Students: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Jho Mi Young
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the effect of online clinical practicum education on the learning of nursing students. For this purpose, a total of 7 studies suitable for the research purpose were selected from among domestic and foreign studies published in the last 10 years until December 2021, and the effects were analyzed using the RevMan 5.4 program and the R program. As a result of analyzing the learning effect of online clinical practicum education by dividing it into cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, all three domains were effective. The effect size showed a statistically significant effect in nursing knowledge in the cognitive domain, learning motivation and clinical practice satisfaction in the affective domain and nursing skills performance ability in the psychomotor domain. Meta-ANOVA was performed using grade, intervention period, and clinical practice subjects as control variables in the cognitive and affective domains, where the heterogeneity of online clinical practicum education was high. As a result, statistical heterogeneity of effect sizes between clinical practicum subjects in the cognitive domain was revealed. Based on these results, it is proposed to appropriately utilize online education method in future clinical practicum education design.
The Effect of Value Preference for Growth and Distribution on the Formation of Ideological Tendency by Income Level
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Song Doo-han
Published: October 2022

This study empirically examined the impact value preference for growth and distribution may have on ideological tendency, using the “Korea Social Integration Survey” as base-line data. Specifically, this study assessed the distribution of ideological tendencies by household income levels and empirically analysed the possible link between the preferred-value system of growth and distribution and ideological tendencies(i.e., progressive or conservative tendencies) using a process SPSS macro. The results are as follows. First, people in lower income classes reveals the stronger tendency for conservatism. Second, regarding the relationship between value preference and income levels, the moderating effect was not immediate in the entire period, but in the period of 2021 lower income classes tended to be skewed to a more conservative continuum. In particular, it was found that the positive relationship between value for growth and conservatives was reinforced especially in the low income classes. It helps to interpret the class treachery vote, revealed in the 20th presidential election, in which people in the low-income class supported the conservative party. Korean economy is running out the efficiency of endogenous growth engine, mainly due to the transition to an aging society and economic polarization, coupled with repeated external economic shocks. Under such growth constraints, political parties should come up with a pragmatic policy that satisfies the expectations of voters by integrating growth and distribution perspective into economic policies.
Asymptotics of error probabilities of optimal tests
Authors: Kanišauskas V. , Kanišauskienė K.
Published: October 2022

We consider first and second error probabilities of asymptotically optimal tests (Neyman-Pearson, minimax, Bayesian) when two simple hypotheses H1t and H2t parametrized by time t ≥ 0 are tested under the observation Xt of arbitrary nature.
The paper provides details on the conditions of asymptotic decrease of probabilities of optimal criteria errors determined by α type Hellinger integral between measures P1t and P2t, demonstrating that in the case of minimax and Bayesian criteria it is sufficient to investigate Hellinger integral, when α ∈ (0,1), and in the case of Neyman-Pearson criterion it is observed only in the environment of point α=1.
Whereas Kullback-Leibler information distance is always larger than Chernoff distance; we discover that, in the case of Neyman-Pearson criterion, the probability of type II error decreases faster than in the cases of minimax or Bayesian criteria. This is proven by the examples of marked point processes of the i.i.d. case, non-homogeneous Poisson process and the geometric renewal process presented at the end of the paper.
Welcome
Authors: Hodgett Susan , Smith Thomas Ruys
Published: October 2022

An introduction to the inaugural issue of New Area Studies by the editors, Professor Susan Hodgett and Professor Thomas Ruys Smith.
Systemism and New Area Studies: An Application to the Integrated Capabilities Framework
Authors: James Patrick
Published: October 2022

With the advent of New Area Studies, interdisciplinary research is entering into an exciting era. Application of insights from the humanities to the study of politics already can boast of considerable results. The ultimate success of New Area Studies, however, is not guaranteed. On the one hand, implementing frameworks from a wide range of fields beyond the social sciences can yield intellectual payoffs beyond what might be obtained under more restrictive conditions. On the other hand, a panoramic approach to political analysis creates ongoing challenges to effective communication. What if the blending together of many disciplines results in a figurative Tower of Babel rather than a well-integrated body of knowledge? Systemism, which features a graphic approach to portrayal of arguments, is put forward as a method that can assist New Area Studies in meeting the challenge posed by engagements between and among a wide range of disciplines that entail vastly different terminologies and approaches toward research. To show the value of systemism in action, a study of the Integrated Capabilities Framework from Hodgett and Clark (2011) will be converted into a diagrammatic exposition. Work concludes with further ideas for how systemism can help New Area Studies as it seeks to incorporate insights from a variety of fields within the humanities.
When ‘Area’ meets ‘Country’: Rethinking the Territory of Colonialism
Authors: Ravenscroft Alison
Published: October 2022

Australian Aboriginal novelist Alexis Wright vividly conceives of colonialism as a virus that takes up its place in its host’s head. This is an image of invasion and territorialisation as intensely bodily and psychic. It calls attention, too, to those Aboriginal conceptions of country as itself a living and sensate entity: country has a body. It is animate, intelligent, and responsive, and humans are inextricably formed in relation to it.  Such a conception of Country (capitalised now to indicate that the word functions as a proper name) has enormous significance for the meanings that can be attached, in turn, to ideas of belonging and ownership. The impact can be felt in the antagonisms surrounding discourses of land, sovereignty and belonging. This essay considers the effects of this concept of Country in relation to two ceremonies that are practised in contemporary Australia: Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country.
Overcoming Area Studies’ Policy-Relevant Research Problem: The Case of the Sahel
Authors: Chafer Tony , Stoddard Ed , Toltica Sorina
Published: October 2022

Despite seven years of external military interventions to counter violent extremism, the security situation in the Sahel continues to deteriorate. Hard military approaches predominate in the region despite widespread recognition amongst Sahel specialists that the militarisation of the Sahel may actually be getting in the way of the search for a long-term political solution. This raises a number of questions that are important for Area Studies specialists: what type of information is brought into policymaking? Who produces it? How is it processed and what influence does it have? How does, or should, Area Studies fit within that? This research note argues that analysis undertaken by area specialists is indispensable in order to understand the complex nature of the various interlocking armed conflicts in the western Sahel. It suggests however that the type of thick description that characterises much area studies analysis can sometimes be too dense and too specific to be of immediate use to policymakers. Drawing on insights from Comparative Area Studies (intra-regional and cross-regional comparison in particular), it explores how Area Studies could contribute more effectively to policy relevant research on the Sahel.
Grassroots Comics in India: Activism through Diffusion of Innovations
Authors: Duncan Randy , Smith Matthew J.
Published: October 2022

World Comics India (WCI) is an innovative movement in India that is empowering people with few resources to create and disseminate grassroots comics that address the concerns of one village or even a particular neighborhood. World Comics India trains local activists to create simple, usually single-page, comics, and in turn, these activists recruit people from the community and teach them to make such comics. The diffusion of innovations theory, developed by Everett Rogers, is used to determine whether grassroots comics possess the factors that make an innovation successful, and how the WCI strategy progresses through the five phases of adopting an innovation. Grassroots comics seem to be ideally suited for giving voice to the marginalized and advocating solutions to local problems because they are an innovation that is easy to understand, simple enough to be experimented with, learned in a short period of time, and quickly sharable.
TD 2786 - Decomposição estrutural do consumo de energia elétrica no Brasil
Authors: Mendonça Mário Jorge Cardoso de , Pereira Jr. Amaro Olímpio , Aylmer Rodrigo R. de Bragança
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os setores com maior potencial de contribuição para a redução do consumo de energia, ao considerar suas intensidades energéticas. Para isso, são feitas as análises do multiplicador do consumo de eletricidade e da decomposição estrutural da matriz insumo-produto (MIP) híbrida entre 2015 e 2018, que combina dados do Balanço Energético Nacional da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (BEN/EPE) e das Contas Nacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados mostram que muitos setores tiveram ganhos expressivos de eficiência energética no período analisado. Pode-se notar também que a implementação de medidas de eficiência energética na atualidade pode ser mais complexa do que foi em 2001. O setor de transportes possui relevante conexão de consumo elétrico com os setores de serviços e energético, além de apresentar maior multiplicador de demanda energética (MDE). A prioridade para medidas de eficiência deve ser dada ao setor outras indústrias, papel e celulose e agropecuário. Atenção especial também deve ser dada aos setores de mineração e pelotização, minerais não metálicos, indústria de alumínio (não ferrosos) e siderurgia (aço e derivados).
TD 2790 - A Metamorfose do capital em Mato Grosso : heterogeneidades e perspectivas sobre o fundo constitucional de financiamento do Centro-Oeste nas regiões imediatas (2002-2018)
Authors: Pires Murilo José de Souza , Quaglio Gislaine de Miranda , Vasconcelos Ronaldo Ramos
Published: October 2022

Os fundos constitucionais foram instituídos pelo art. 159, inciso I, alínea C da Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/1988) com o objetivo de contribuir para a “redução das desigualdades” existentes entre as regiões periféricas do Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste vis-à-vis as regiões centrais do Sudeste e Sul. Nesse sentido, seu papel como financiador dos investimentos produtivos nestas regiões periféricas tem se acentuado nas últimas décadas. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta investigação é compreender o perfil espacial (municípios e regiões imediatas) mato-grossense por meio de algumas variáveis socioeconômicas, em que os desembolsos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Centro-Oeste (FCO) se distribuíram de 2002 a 2018. Adicionalmente, verificar como as variáveis FCO e PIB se comportaram no mesmo período em determinadas regiões com perfis distintos. Para tanto, o argumento tecido nesta pesquisa partiu da premissa de que a estrutura produtiva de Mato Grosso é marcada por uma formação econômica enraizada em uma economia tardia, subdesenvolvida, dependente e, por isso, apresenta uma heterogeneidade estrutural que estabelece limites para o alcance e a profundidade de penetração do progresso técnico nas unidades produtivas mato-grossenses. Por fim, observa-se que os agrupamentos municipais reconstruídos como concreto pensado expressam estruturas que reproduzem padrões de uma economia subdesenvolvida, a qual é marcada por uma heterogeneidade estrutural e produtiva, em que convivem, no mesmo espaço e tempo, o moderno e o atrasado, quer dizer, unidades produtivas que foram pejadas pelas forças modernizantes do progresso técnico, como também outras que ainda se mantem enraizadas em economias tradicionais e de subsistência. Um exemplo disso é o caso específico de Rondonópolis, mas não único, de um padrão de reprodução do capital, no espaço e no tempo, que reforça o argumento de que os recursos direcionados pelo FCO estão dinamizando localidades que apresentam unidades produtivas integradas as várias estruturas de mercado. Em outras palavras, os recursos do FCO estão reforçando estruturas produtivas modernas, as quais mantem laços estreitos com elos das cadeias produtivas nacionais e internacionais. Por sua vez, nas localidades em que existem indicadores socioeconômicos menos favoráveis, como é o caso de Confresa – Vila Rica e Peixoto de Azevedo – Guaranta do Norte, observa-se um potencial papel indutor do FCO, dado o registro de mais taxas médias de variação dos empréstimos do FCO e do produto interno bruto per capita (PIB pc). Portanto, nas regiões as margens do processo de acumulação de capital mato-grossense, verifica-se que frações do FCO, possivelmente, estão influenciando (ou sendo influenciadas) o incremento do PIBpc destas localidades.
Roya del cafeto: Decida oportuna y apropiadamente como reducir su impacto
Authors: Angel Carlos Ariel
Published: October 2022

Cuando se habla de la historia e importancia del cultivo del café, se indica que cerca de 25 millones de familias en unos 70 países dependen de él, casi todos en vía de desarrollo o pobres. En Colombia, 540.000 familias lo cultivan en unas 850.000 ha en más de 600 municipios de 22 de los 32 departamentos, siendo el producto agrícola de mayor valor e impacto. A esta historia ha estado y estará ligada la roya del cafeto, su enfermedad más importante, causada por el hongo Hemileia vastatrix, registrada en 1861 en África y que se dispersó a todo el mundo cafetero. Causa pérdidas entre el 20% y 80% en la producción afectando cantidad y calidad, con graves estragos económicos, sociales y ambientales en todas las economías cafeteras. A pesar de muchos esfuerzos en prevenir su ingreso a América, la roya llega en 1970 al Brasil y a Colombia en 1983, para lo cual, el país, la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros (FNC) y Cenicafé se venían preparando con décadas de anterioridad. En esta presentación se revisan aspectos históricos de la enfermedad, su importancia actual y potencial, se abordan temas de la biología y epidemiología, y su dinámica dentro de los sistemas de producción de café en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta que al año 2020 el 83% del área estaba sembrada con variedades resistentes desarrolladas por FNC – Cenicafé, quedando un 17% con variedades susceptibles que requieren manejo. Se discuten los factores ambientales, de clima y microclima y de cultivo que favorecen a la roya, además de los componentes requeridos para el manejo integral del cultivo e integrado de la enfermedad para su adecuado control, incluyendo el control químico. Toda esta información se soporta en publicaciones científicas y se presentan las recomendaciones dadas por FNC – Cenicafé para Colombia.
Importancia de la calidad sanitaria en la conservación y distribución internacional de germoplasma de cultivos
Authors: Cuervo Maritza
Published: October 2022

En la distribución de germoplasma la calidad sanitaria juega un papel muy importante, debido a que en actividades de importación o exportación se puede correr el riesgo de propagar plagas y enfermedades a otros países. Por este motivo, en el proceso de certificación sanitaria deben utilizarse metodologías modernas, altamente sensibles y eficientes, que garanticen una transferencia segura. Para cumplir este objetivo existen legislaciones internacionales y nacionales que buscan prohibir la propagación de plagas cuarentenarias con las transferencias de germoplasma. Adicionalmente, las Naciones Unidas han declarado el 2020 como el “Año Internacional de la Sanidad Vegetal”, buscando sensibilizar a escala internacional sobre cómo la protección de la sanidad vegetal puede ayudar a acabar con el hambre, reducir la pobreza, proteger el medio ambiente y estimular el desarrollo económico.
La selección asistida por marcadores moleculares y su impacto en los procesos de selección para el desarrollo de variedades mejoradas de Cenicafé
Authors: Quiroga-Cardona Julio
Published: October 2022

Desde que el hombre inició los procesos de selección y mejoramiento de plantas y hasta nuestros tiempos, la selección individuos superiores basado en sus caracteres morfológicos y fenotípicos ha permitido el desarrollo de gran número de híbridos y variedades con características agronómicas de gran interés, incluida la resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos limitantes para la producción de cultivos. En la actualidad, los programas convencionales de mejoramiento genético vegetal tienen a disposición herramientas para el mejoramiento que, en combinación con los métodos moleculares, han permitido reducir los tiempos, ahorrar recursos y logrado la pirimidización de características en los nuevos cultivares. En este seminario, se abordará cómo en Cenicafé la combinación de técnicas de mejoramiento convencional y la selección asistida por marcadores moleculares (SAM), ha permitido que los caficultores de Colombia cuenten con variedades resistentes a enfermedades potenciales y limitantes, que fueron desarrolladas en ausencia de patógenos. Adicionalmente, se presentan trabajos de investigación de cómo la selección asistida por marcadores moleculares ha permitido poder tener poblaciones avanzadas con nuevos genes de resistencia a la roya, que no se han usado aún en variedades comerciales en el país.
Aguas residuales de la finca cafetera, redúzcalas y trátelas para mayor economía y sostenibilidad
Authors: Rodríguez-Valencia Nelson
Published: October 2022

En el presente seminario se presentan las estrategias que deben ser incorporadas a escala de finca cafetera para realizar una gestión integral del recurso hídrico. Como primera estrategia a implementar se recomienda la adopción de un Programa de Uso Eficiente y Ahorro de Agua (PUEAA), tanto para el agua utilizada en la vivienda como para el agua utilizada en el beneficio del café, a través de prácticas de comportamiento, prácticas de ingeniería y la adopción del beneficio ecológico del café. Esta primera estrategia permite reducir el consumo de agua en la finca y, por lo tanto, reducir los volúmenes de aguas residuales generadas. La segunda estrategia consiste en seleccionar un tratamiento apropiado para las aguas residuales generadas en la finca, considerando aspectos tales como: la oferta ambiental e hídrica de la zona, la disponibilidad de recursos físicos y económicos y la normativa aplicable a nivel regional y nacional. Para este caso, a través del seminario, se presenta la normativa ambiental vigente que aplica para los vertimientos a cuerpos de agua superficial, al suelo y para el reúso de las aguas tratadas y se presentan los aspectos técnicos y eficiencias de depuración en la aplicación de tratamientos físicos, químicos y biológicos a las aguas residuales generadas en la finca cafetera. Se detalla, para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de las viviendas, la utilización de sistemas sépticos y para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales del café, la utilización de sistemas modulares de tratamiento anaerobio, biodigestores, tratamientos químicos y el uso de extractos vegetales. Finalmente, se presentan tratamientos que permiten alcanzar la meta de cero vertimientos como lo son: la utilización de procesadores de pulpa tipo invernadero con recirculación completa de los lixiviados, la utilización de filtros verdes con recirculación completa de los drenados y la deshidratación solar y mecánica.
Determinación Experimental de la Huella Hídrica (HH) del Café de Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Valencia Nelson
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de evaluar la Huella Hídrica (HH) es analizar cómo las actividades humanas o los productos específicos se relacionan con la escasez de agua y la contaminación, y cómo las actividades y los productos pueden ser más sostenibles desde el punto de vista del uso del agua. La HH está conformada por tres indicadores representados por los colores azul, verde y gris; los indicadores de HH azul y HH verde se utilizan para evaluar consumos de agua, mientras que la HH gris se relaciona con el nivel de contaminación. En el presente Seminario se presenta la metodología utilizada para la determinación experimental de la HH del Café de Colombia, realizada en tres estaciones experimentales de Cenicafé para un ciclo completo de cultivo (siembra nueva - primera renovación por zoca), incluidas las etapas de germinador, almácigo, levante, producción y beneficio, con una densidad de siembra de 10.000 árboles/ha. La Huella Hídrica promedio para la producción de una chapola de café fue de 0,336 L/chapola. La huella hídrica promedio para la producción de un colino de café fue de 19,09 L/colino. La HH total promedio del café de Colombia, para un ciclo completo de cultivo (siembra nueva-renovación) fue de 4.456,72 L kg-1 café verde, representando la HH verde un porcentaje del 78,24% (3.486,82 L kg-1 cv), la HH gris el 21,54% (959,84 L kg-1 de cv) y la HH azul el 0,23% (10,06 L kg-1 cv). Se concluye que a mayores rendimientos por unidad de área, la HH es menor y que una forma de realizar una gestión integral del recurso hídrico durante el cultivo es tener altas densidades de siembra y para el caso de la etapa de beneficio, es adoptar el beneficio ecológico y realizar un tratamiento a las aguas residuales del café procurando cero descargas al ambiente.
Nutrición de cafetales: Fertilice con mayor eficiencia agronómica y económica
Authors: Sadeghian Siavosh
Published: October 2022

La adecuada nutrición de los cafetales es primordial para obtener producciones altas y de buena calidad. Esta presentación tiene como objetivo abordar algunos aspectos que deben tenerse presente al momento de definir los planes de la nutrición a través del manejo de la fertilidad del suelo. En cuanto a los nutrientes, se presentan consideraciones generales de los requerimientos del café, acumulación en los frutos, remoción por la cosecha, síntomas de deficiencias y efecto en la productividad del café. Se comenta acerca de las propiedades del suelo que determinan su fertilidad y la relación con el balance de nutrientes (ingresos y egresos del sistema). Se expone el objetivo y la importancia de la fertilización, factores que afectan su eficiencia, aspectos económicos relacionados y se resumen las recomendaciones para los macronutrientes, según los resultados de análisis del suelo y el sistema de producción. Se presenta información básica sobre los fertilizantes, tipos, formulaciones y grados de uso común en café para las diferentes etapas del desarrollo del cultivo y criterios técnicos y económicos a tener en cuenta. Se comenta acerca de las épocas de fertilización, teniendo en cuenta la cantidad y la distribución de la lluvia, así mismo, se hacen comentarios generales en relación con la forma y sitio de la aplicación de los fertilizantes; por último, se refiere a la importancia del manejo de la acidez del suelo, como práctica que incrementa la eficiencia en el uso de nutrientes.
Aplicación de nutrientes vía foliar en la caficultura colombiana: entre la expectativa y la realidad
Authors: González-Osorio Hernán
Published: October 2022

La fertilización es una de las principales prácticas que conduce al incremento de la productividad del café en Colombia. Dicha actividad se realiza a través del suministro de fertilizantes al suelo, por ser este el medio donde las raíces crecen y, en consecuencia, absorben los nutrientes en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. Aparte de la raíz, otros órganos como las hojas, están en facultad para la adquisición de nutrientes, razón por la cual la su aplicación al follaje puede considerarse en algunos casos un complemento a la nutrición edáfica. Para las condiciones de la zona cafetera del país, las inquietudes acerca del efecto que tiene la nutrición foliar en el crecimiento del café, la producción y la calidad del grano han sido permanentes. En este seminario se presentan algunos aspectos básicos sobre la aplicación de fertilizantes vía foliar y se discuten los resultados de experiencias que en torno se han tenido en la zona cafetera colombiana.
Enmiendas para café: ajuste correctamente la acidez del suelo
Authors: Díaz-Poveda Vanessa Catalina
Published: October 2022

Dado que la acidez del suelo es un problema en la caficultura colombiana y que, actualmente en el mercado nacional se ofrece una amplia diversidad de productos que no necesariamente cumplen con su función como correctivos de acidez, se realizó una investigación en la que se evaluó la calidad y la eficiencia de algunas enmiendas de uso común. Previo a mostrar los resultados de esta investigación, se definen conceptos importantes relacionados con el tema y que suelen estar sujetos a confusiones no solo por parte de los consumidores, sino también, por parte del personal de las mismas empresas que los comercializan; entre estos conceptos se destacan: enmienda, cal, poder de neutralización (PN), eficiencia granulométrica (EG), humedad (H) y poder relativo de neutralización total. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se encontró que no todas las enmiendas que se comercializan en la zona cafetera como correctivos de acidez tienen la capacidad para aumentar el pH y neutralizar el aluminio intercambiable (Al3+). En general, las cales, son los productos por excelencia para ser empleados en los procesos de encalado al ser los más eficientes para corregir la acidez del suelo. Finalmente, se da un pequeño abre bocas sobre la aplicación de silicio y sobre algunas evaluaciones realizadas a algunas de las fuentes empleadas.