bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation’s Principles of the Judiciary of Ukraine
Authors: Hudyma Vitaliy
Published: July 2021

The article reveals and researches the basic principles of the formation of the judiciary in Ukraine. It is established that judicial corps should be understood as an appropriate number of civil servants who hold the relevant positions as judges in the judicial bodies of Ukraine. It has been proved that judges make universally binding decisions, which determine, for example, other processes of maintaining law and order in the state. It is determined that the legislation lacks a clear definition of the term “judiciary” and lacks the primary grounds and principles by which the process of formation of the judicial corps in Ukraine should take place. It is established that the principles of formation of the judiciary in Ukraine should be based on the requirements for candidates for the position of judges, which are defined by Article 69, “Requirements for candidates for the position of the judge” of the Law of Ukraine “On Judiciary and the Status of Judges”. It is proved that one of the components of the procedure for the formation of the judiciary in Ukraine is the qualification assessment of candidates for the position of judges. It was found out that the qualification assessment of judges by the criterion of professional competence should be based on the principle of specialization and instance. It is established that the main principles based on which the appointment of judges-candidates for the positions of members of the Supreme Council of Justice are: the principle of the rule of law; the principle of professionalism; the principle of publicity; the principle of political neutrality. It is determined that one of the critical principles of formation of the judiciary in Ukraine should be the principle of non-political influence, namely its essence is revealed in the fact that entities that will participate both directly and indirectly in the formation of the judiciary should not, in any case, have any relation to the political sphere. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this area are the study of the holistic system and features of the formation of the judiciary in Ukraine.
Features of Development of Professional Self-Government in the System of Prosecution, Judiciary and the Bar of Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skrynkovskyy Ruslan , Kovaliv Myroslav ,   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Pryveda Andriy ,   Lviv Region Prosecutor's Office, Khmyz Mariana ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kniaz Sviatoslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pavlov Dmytro ,   Іnstitute of Department of State Guard of Ukraine Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: July 2021

Based on a comparative analysis of the sectoral legislation of Ukraine and the practice of its application, the article studies the features of the development of professional self-government in the system of prosecutors, judicial authorities and the bar. It has been found out that prosecutorial self-government in Ukraine is conducted through the Council of Prosecutors of Ukraine (the highest body of prosecutorial self-government in the period between all-Ukrainian conferences of prosecutors) and the all-Ukrainian conference of prosecutors (the highest body of judicial self-government). It has been determined that prosecutorial self-government is a collective independent decision of prosecutors on issues related to the activities of prosecutorial bodies. It has been established that the system of bar self-government bodies in Ukraine is formed by: 1) the Congress of advocates of Ukraine; 2) the Bar Council of Ukraine; 3) the Supreme Qualification and Disciplinary Commission of Advocacy; 4) the Supreme Audit Commission of the Bar; 5) the Regional Conference of Advocates; 6) the Council of Advocates of the region; 7) the Qualification and Disciplinary Commission; 8) the Audit Commission of the region. It has been found that the bodies of judicial self-government in Ukraine are: 1) a meeting of judges, which is a gathering of judges belonging to the corresponding court aimed at discussing the internal activities of such a court and making appropriate collective decisions based on the discussion of such issues; 2) the Council of Judges of Ukraine (the highest body of judicial self-government, which also functions as the executive body of the Congress of Judges of Ukraine); 3) the Congress of Judges of Ukraine (the body that makes decisions that are binding on all bodies of judicial self-government and all courts in Ukraine). It is noted that the prospects for further research in this area are to determine the role of the judiciary in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms and to study the requirements for incompatibility of a judge, prosecutor and lawyer with other activities in the context of comparative constitutional law.
Competency of Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oil Fumigation against Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates
Authors: Rangsuwan Sansern , Rattanakreetakul Chainarong , Pongpisutta Ratiya
Published: July 2021

Aspergillus flavus is a frequent contaminant of maize grain. We isolated this fungus, determined the colony morphology and species (by internal transcribed spacer sequencing) and measured the aflatoxin content. The selected A. flavus fungi were placed into two groups, toxigenic and atoxigenic; both appeared similar morphologically, except that the atoxigenic group lacked sclerotia. An essential oil fumigation test with clove and cinnamon oils as antifungal products was performed on fungal conidial discs and fungal colonies in Petri plates. Cinnamon oil at 2.5 to 5.0 μL/plate markedly inhibited the mycelial growth from conidial discs of both strains, whereas clove oil showed less activity. The oils had different effects on fungal mycelia. The higher clove fumigation doses of 10.0 to 20.0 μL/plate controlled fungal growth, while cinnamon oil caused less inhibition. Compared with atoxigenic groups, toxigenic A. flavus responded stably. Within abnormal A. flavus hyphae, the essential oils degenerated the hyphal morphology, resulting in exfoliated flakes and shrinkage, which were related to fungal membrane injury and collapse of vacuoles and phialide. The treatments, especially those with cinnamon oil, increased the electroconductivity, which suggested a weak mycelium membrane structure. Moreover, the treatments with essential oils reduced the ergosterol content in mycelia and the aflatoxin accumulation in the culture broth. The fumigations with clove and cinnamon oils inhibited the development of both conidia and colonies of A. flavus in dose-dependent manners.
Chronic Dacryocystitis: Clinico-Bacteriological Profile and its Antibiogram at a Tertiary care Hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka
Authors: Hanumantha Sreedevi , Patil Deepti S. , Naik Trupti B. , Mane Vijaykumar
Published: July 2021

Chronic dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac and occurs due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It is an important cause of ocular morbidity in India. Objective: 1) To identify various species of aerobic bacteria causing chronic dacryocystitis 2) To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these bacterial species. At a tertiary care hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka, over two year period, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 patients suffering from chronic dacryocystitis. Samples obtained were subjected to microbiological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done on identified isolates. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft office excel 2010. The Maximum (31.67%) number of patients who belonged to the age group of 45-50 years Female were predominantly affected 50 (83.3%). Majority i.e. 53 (88.34%) had unilateral eye involvement. Of 67 samples collected 42 (62.68%) were culture positive. Gram-positive cocci (65.22%) were the predominant cause of bacterial infection than Gram-negative bacilli (34.78%). Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (30.43%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.73%) and among Gram-negative bacilli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes (10.86% each) were the predominant isolates. The most effective antimicrobial agents for Gram-positive cocci were Gentamicin and Vancomycin (93.33% each) and for Gram-negative bacilli were Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid (87.25%), Ticarcillin, Imipenem, and Ceftazidime/Clavulanic acid (81.25% each). The present study highlights the need for detection of specific etiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity which will enable the clinician in efficient patient management and avoid irrational antibiotic use.
Robust H∞ Control of Markov Jump Linear Systems with Uncertain Switching Probabilities
Authors: Hussin S M , Sufiyanov V G
Published: July 2021

В статье исследуется проблема робастного управления H∞ для систем с марковскими скачками и неопределенными матрицами интенсивностей перехода. Для рассматриваемой системы предлагается использовать робастный критерий качества управления H∞. На первом этапе проводится анализ характеристик робастного управления H∞ на основе сопряженных линейных матричных неравенств, далее решается задача выпуклой оптимизации с ограничениями, определенными в терминах разрешимости линейных матричных неравенств. На основе решения задачи оптимизации определено условие робастной стохастической устойчивости для систем с обратной связью, которое минимизирует уровень затухания возмущений. На основе рассматриваемого критерия спроектирован контроллер, который гарантирует робастное управление H∞ системой с обратной связью. Все условия выражаются в терминах линейных матричных неравенств, и, следовательно, они могут быть определены решателем линейных матричных неравенств. Представлен численный пример решения задачи, демонстрирующий эффективность предложенного метода робастного управления стохастической системы с марковскими скачкам.
Creation of Pulse Method for Measurement of Ultrasonic Velocity with High Accuracy
Authors: Muravyov V V , Zlobin D V , Zemskov T I , Bezruchenkov G V , Syaktereva V V
Published: July 2021

В статье обсуждаются способы высокоточного определения скорости ультразвука в твердых материалах. Описана методика проведения точных измерений временных интервалов ультразвуковых импульсов, приведена блок-схема экспериментальной установки. Установка построена на широкодоступных компонентах, возможна ее простая модернизация. Предложено использование датчика на основе сегнетоэлектрического полимера поливинилиденфторида в качестве источника излучения и приема продольных волн. В качестве объектов контроля используются концевые меры длины и ступенчатый образец из стали, изготовленный с использованием плоскошлифовального станка. Представлены результаты определения скорости, подтвержденные многократными измерениями на ступенчатом объекте с разницей по толщине ступеней 10 мкм. Проведен эксперимент при изменяемой температуре образцов концевых мер длины, подтверждающий точность измерений и разницу в рассчитанной скорости, свидетельствующий о разном структурном составе объектов. Определен химический состав образцов концевых мер длины с использованием рентгено-флуоресцентного анализатора. Представлен график зависимости плотности объектов от скорости ультразвука. Описаны погрешности измерений, способы их расчета, в частности временная задержка при использовании пленочного датчика. Абсолютная погрешность определения скорости ультразвуковых продольных волн не превышает 2 м/с, что позволяет фиксировать крайне малые отклонения скорости ультразвука в образцах.
Algorithm for Processing Signals of the Incremental Encoder for Calculating the Angles of Rotation of the Torsional Pendulum
Authors: Tarasov V V , Churkin A V , Novikov V N , Kalentev E A , Lys V F , Ganzij Ju V
Published: July 2021

В статье приведен алгоритм обработки сигналов инкрементного датчика для оценки свободных колебаний крутильного маятника при исследовании фрикционных характеристик смазочных материалов применительно к стальным канатам с использованием возможности ПО «PowerGraph». Стальной канат является сложной и гибкой стержневой системой, в которой проволоки имеют форму пространственной спирали (винтовой линии) или двойной спирали. При этом внутренние проволоки стальных канатов находятся внутри и недоступны для прямого исследования, измерения и контроля. Анализ фрикционных характеристик смазочных материалов, используемых в стальных канатах, усугубляется многокомпонентностью и сложной структурой объекта исследования. Экспериментальные методы исследования в этом случае представляют один из наиболее эффективных и достоверных способов оценки эксплуатационных свойств изделия в целом. В основу эксперимента положен процесс затухания вращательных колебаний тяжелого груза, висящего на исследуемом стальном канате. Используемый смазочный материал влияет на такой колебательный процесс, и характеристикой такого влияния является декремент затухания колебательного процесса. В качестве датчика угла использован инкрементный энкодер, установленный соосно исследуемому канату и обеспечивающий разрешение регистрации угла поворота до 0,18 градуса.
Structural Analysis of Segmental Bridge using Software
Authors: Barapatre Ms. Shrunkhala
Published: July 2021

A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley. In other words, bridge is a structure for carrying the road traffic or other moving loads over a depression or obstruction such as channel, road or railway. The structural analysis is carried out using BRIDGELINK software. Total 5 models are modeled in the Bridgelink software which is open source software. The moment, shear, rotation, deflection, reaction and stresses are computed for all the models.
A Research Paper on Tweet Sentiment Analysis using Python & Django
Authors: Pandey Avinash Kumar
Published: July 2021

In this project our goal is to build a tweet sentimental analysis in which user can search and analyse thousands of tweets in one go. For backend we will use python and Django web framework and for front end we are going to use HTML, Css and bootstrap. It will help to analyse any hashtag and companies about their product feedback reviews. This project contains only the one user side. It is like a tweets search analyser. The design of this project is pretty simple so that the user won’t find any difficulties while working on it.
AI and Robotics to Rehabilitate Lower Body Paralysis
Authors: Sutar Nikhil
Published: July 2021

Spinal cord injuries have unpredictable outcomes. While some recover full movement, most of them suffer permanent paralysis, ranging from partial to full-body. Alongside paralysis often comes the loss of bladder control, sexual dysfunction, bedsores, and psychological state issues, among other challenges. The solution for this is the Exoskeleton and the AI technology that offers opportunities to expand virtual and physical access for individuals with disabilities. We will disclose some machines that have an excellent impact on the lives of the elderly and other people with disabilities. However, a very important part of bringing these opportunities to success is guaranteeing that approaching AI technology works well for individuals with a large variety of skills. This paper shows how a wearable exoskeleton suit helps paralyzed people regain their ability to walk, how it works, and how this technology can be improved.
A Study on the Digital Payment Adoption in Millennials Amid Covid-19
Authors: Kurian Anu
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world since the end of 2019 and has negatively impacted almost all sectors of the economy except the digital payment sector. The various digital payment systems have been very helpful in tackling and preventing the spread of the COVID 19 by minimizing cash payments and ensuring contactless payments. The topic is “A Study on the Digital Payment Adoption in Millennials Amid Covid-19”. The topic for the study is based upon the current economic condition. The main aim of the study is to examine whether factors such as perceived risk, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived ease of use and perceived vulnerability has contributed towards the adoption of digital payment among millennials during this COVID pandemic. The purpose to study the relationship between perceived risk, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived ease of use, perceived vulnerability and adoption of digital payment among millennials amid COVID 19. The descriptive research design is adopted. The survey method is used for data collection. The millennials of India are the respondents of this study. Data is tested using correlation and multiple regression. There is significant association between perceived risk, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived vulnerability and adoption of digital payment among millennials amid COVID 19. There is no significant association between trust and adoption of digital payment among millennials amid COVID 19.
The Study of Half-cell Potential Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete in Marine Environment
Authors: Giri Shrabanee
Published: July 2021

Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete affects the strength and durability of reinforced concrete structure. Monitoring and maintenance of concrete structure throughout the service life prevent the ingress of corrosion at the initial stage. Half-cell potential meter was developed and fabricated to monitor the corrosion potential of reinforcement in a M25 grade concrete. Half-cell potential test and accelerated corrosion test has been carried out in marine environment of 3.5% of NaCl solution. The potential behaviour of specimen subjected to accelerated corrosion is studied throughout the test period. The results were obtained in terms of current flow behaviour and weight loss. Obtained results has been analyzed graphically and a comparative analysis has been carried out to know the rate of corrosion occurred in the specimen by accelerated corrosion test and half-cell potential test. Obtained results clearly indicates that the potential behaviour value increases with increase in time from 160 mV on day 1 to 949 mV on day 5. In the other way the compressive strength value for corroded specimen is lesser than the controlled specimen subjected to accelerated corrosion.
Road Safety at Ghats using IoT
Authors: Maneesha Alaparthi
Published: July 2021

This paper describes how to overcome accidents at Ghat roads. In the developing countries accident is the major cause of death. If we look at the top 10 dangerous roads in the world we can see that all of them are mountain roads and curve roads. In the mountain roads there will be tight curves and the roads will be narrow. In these kinds of situations the driver of a vehicle cannot see vehicles coming from opposite side. Thousands of people lose their lives each year because of this problem. The solution to this problem is developing the Aurdino based project to provide safe and secure journey while travelling to the Ghat roads, Hill Stations, etc. It is provided by alerting the driver about the vehicle coming from opposite side. This is done by keeping a sensor in one side of the road before the curve and keeping a LED light after the curve, so that if vehicle comes from one end of the curve sensor senses and LED light glows at the opposite side. By looking at the LED light on/off criteria driver can become alert and can slow down the speed of the vehicle.
Smart Device for Bikers to Prevent from Accident and Motorcycle Security
Authors: Mane Atharva
Published: July 2021

In the current situation many people lost their life due to accidents and the main reason behind it is they are not wearing helmets. So, by wearing a helmet people can save their life and for compulsory use of a helmet, it should be linked with a bike. With this reason, bikemet project is specially developed. This is a combination of a bike and helmet that has become smarter and safer than before with the aid of IoT. The BikeMet has a Proximity sensor which makes the user compulsorily wear the helmet and if still there is an emergency, then there is a keypad provided which will allow the user to use the bike by entering a Pin so it is convenient for the user to rid out from the situation. In the mechanism of bikemet, bike and helmet are linked together and they transmit the data from the helmet to the receiver of the bike and hence if the user wears a helmet, then only the user will be able to turn on the bike. The bike has various sensors like track if the bike gets stolen then automatically off the ignition of the bike and like Accelerometer to detect accidents and send messages to respective people for giving information. So, this application can save many lives.
Quality Management Practices in Building Construction through Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Bittharia Mohit
Published: July 2021

Quality management systems are being operated in almost all sectors for products and services in the present time. In the construction sector quality control and quality assurance are of great concern for the construction project managers as the poor quality of construction results in early defects and failure of the structure this lowers the reputation of the company and leads to heavy repair costs. Further extra expenditure in achieving quality control and quality assurance is compensated by the advantages gained in the form of less maintenance, better quality and effective utilization of construction resources. There are many problems in applying the quality management effectively in construction due to its typical nature. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of quality management system (QMS) in construction projects. In the present work an effort is made to assess the quality management and quality assurance practices awareness and implementation among the construction personnel involved in building construction. A questionnaire containing questions related to quality control and quality assurance aspects of building construction is prepared and send to the construction personnel in Gwalior and nearby cities of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Electoral Process using Biometric Fingerprint Scanner that Suits the Bhutanese Election
Authors: Tshering Younten
Published: July 2021

Democracy is a gift from the golden throne; from 2008, Bhutanese people started to choose their leader by casting a vote. The right to vote and more importantly the exercise of franchise by the eligible citizens is the heart of every democracy [1]. Through this exercise of their right to vote have the ultimate power to shape the destiny of country by electing representatives who run the government and make decisions for the growth, development, and benefit of all the citizens. However, the voter turnout seems to be decreasing at an alarming rate based on the Election Commission of Bhutan [5]. This paper proposes an electoral process aiming at better voter turnout. It replaces whole electoral system using Biometric Fingerprint scanner for the voter authentication and a display unit connected to a central database which helps a voter to cast their vote from nearest polling station instead of having to go to his/her polling station to cast vote. It is a hybrid of internet voting and a traditional electronic voting method where the system uses electronic equipment at the nearest polling station to cast vote instead of using a personal laptop or mobile phone to cast vote using an app. The hybrid system is adopted with the major findings shown in “Internet Voting in Estonia” [13] which is a small country and suitable to adopt internet voting.
Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sharma Vidushi
Published: July 2021

A review on the prevalence of congenital anomalies and associated risk factors amid pregnant women. Congenital malformations are the most salient conviction of neonatal and perinatal deaths. Anomalies can be categorized according to the seriousness, systems involved. The classification of the congenital anomalies can be based on the ICD-10 classification for the congenital anomalies. Methods- Our initial step to construct a review article was to employ a literature review search, followed by Google scholar and PubMed databases, extracted articles were looked with the keywords such as prevalence, risk factors, congenital anomalies in pregnant women. Those published between 2015 to 2021and satisfying the admittance criteria were involved in the present review. Conclusion-Congenital anomalies are the uttermost prime cause of perinatal and neonatal death in the underdeveloped nations. Most common anomalies observed were with congenital heart defects. Regular antenatal checkups can slacken the pervasiveness of congenital anomalies.
Registering the Impact of Words in Spoken Political and Journalistic Texts
Authors: Alexandris Christina K.
Published: July 2021

Words in spoken political and journalistic texts may inspire, infuriate or even become mottos. Often, the entire spoken interaction may be forgotten, yet individual words may remain associated with the Speaker and/or the group represented by the Speaker or even the individual word or words themselves obtain a dynamic of their own, outshining the original Speaker. In the current-state-of affairs, connected with the impact of international news networks and social media, the impact of words in spoken political and journalistic texts is directly linked to its impact to a diverse international audience. The impact or controversy of a word and related topic may be registered by the reaction it generates. Special focus is placed in the registration and evaluation of words and their related topics in spoken political and journalistic discussions and interviews. Although as text types, spoken political and journalistic texts pose challenges for their evaluation, processing and translation, the presented approaches allow the registration of complex and implied information, indications of Speakers attitude and intentions and can contribute to evaluating the behaviour of Speakers-Participants. This registration also allows the identification of words generating positive, negative or diverse reactions, their relation to Cognitive Bias and their impact to a national and international audience within a context of international news networks and social media.
International Negotiation Competition For Law Students: National Rounds Outward Glance
Authors: Vyushkina Elena G. , Wægger Roar Thun
Published: July 2021

Language is an essential instrument for many professionals and lawyers are among those who occupy the first lines. The lawyers use the language to address the court, interview a client, negotiate a contract or a dispute. Communicative competence is crucial for the legal profession and participating in competitions for law students is one of the ways to foster and master it alongside taking traditional classes and courses. The article gives a brief overview of existing international competitions for law students and aims at finding ways of improving the International Negotiation Competition (INC) national rounds organization. This goal is approached by conducting a survey among former participants of INC national rounds in Russia and Norway and analyzing its results. The conclusions prompted are as follows: to conduct timely surveys among all participates, to engage former participants in national rounds organization, to work out new rules for holding online events.
Might Covid-19 Require Revision of Language Management?
Authors: Atabekova Anastasia A.
Published: July 2021

Language management refers to state administrative regulations, policies, and activities on the language(s) use within educational, legal, and other public domains and to the scientific discipline which studies this phenomenon. We argue that during COVID-19 health emergency, the concept of language management might need revision as new topics and contexts have come to light within the discussion on language use amid the current pandemic. We explore key dimensions of this discussion representation in public communication, identify language-use related topics which have been mentioned in this discussion, study its levels and major actors. The texts from official sites of international organizations, national governments, public and non-profit social agencies, mass media were selected. The corpus of 238 sources with a total of 193478 words was subject to manual and computer-based thematic content coding and clustering. The results reveal language-use related topics within the information and discussion topics during the COVID-19, specify the levels at which the above topics discussed, outline those actors who initiate/take part/form the target audience within the discussion on language use during the COVID-19. The research also leads to the conclusion on the critical importance of such issues as the style of international and national leaderships addresses, production and timeliness of multilingual data on the pandemic, countermeasures against misinformation and anti-nation bias, development of protocols for the use of fact-based rational language. The mentioned items are considered as the key components of a language management framework for policy and actions which need a coordinated interagency response within local and global contexts during the COVID-19.
Mediation as a Component of Communicative Competence in Training International Relations Professionals: Collaboration Between Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Abramova Irina E. , Ananyina Anastasia A. , Esengalieva Anna M.
Published: July 2021

The world lives in the era of conflict, when the safety and well-being of states or individuals to a large extent depend on the availability of well-trained professionals who are able to perform mediating functions, keeping in mind ethnic, national, political, cultural and other differences between conflicting sides. However, employers increasingly claim that todays graduates lack the skills required for conflict management and mediation even in homogeneous working environments, let alone multinational teams and international interaction. This problem is particularly relevant for the field of international relations where conflict resolution by peaceful means is very important. Countries with transition economies, such as Russia and Kazakhstan, where there is a gap between labor market requirements and university teaching practices, have been searching for new ways to educate and train young specialists. This article presents the preliminary results of a collaborative project between Petrozavodsk State University of the Russian Federation and Gumilyov Eurasian National University of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The project includes a set of dialogue- and polylogue-based learning activities with special focus on addressing any discrepancies, misunderstandings and divergence of views. The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of professionally oriented cross-border communication in the English language on the readiness of international relations students from Russia and Kazakhstan for resolving future professional disputes through mediation. The authors used formal structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions for obtaining necessary data and the comparative analysis method for interpreting them. The results suggest that systematic English-language cross-border communication in a realistic work-like environment will demonstrate the importance of mediation as a component of professional communicative competence to the students and will better prepare future foreign affairs staff for conflict resolution and mediation.
Using Technologies to Foster the Reading Habit in L2 (English)
Authors: Mateo Roberto Martínez , Beato Maria De las Mercedes Chicote
Published: July 2021

In a society which is becoming more and more globalized, it is essential to promote teaching processes that enable the meaningful acquisition of knowledge, emphasizing the learning of English, as the main goal of the teachers. Reading in education is the paradigm of culture and is part of the language learning process. Nevertheless, its practice has declined in recent years. Consequently, through this Project, with the aim of motivating the Reading frequency, we intend to take a deeper look into the role of technologies in order to foster the Reading habit in a foreign language, highlighting the importance of reading for the student cognitive development. For that reason, an innovation proposal for promoting reading based on the use of ICT in the educational field is presented, with a specific focus on the Booktube community, as a tool to increase interest and motivation in reading.
Bulanık Malmquist Verimlilik Endeksi ile Dinamik Etkinlik Ölçümü: ÇAYKUR Örneği
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mustafa , ÇAKIR Süleyman
Published: July 2021

İşletmelerin yönetiminde en önemli konulardan biri de performans değerlendirmesidir. Kuruluşların etkinliğini hesaplamak ve verimsiz birimler için uygun çözümler sunmak, birimlerde üretkenliğin artışını sağlamaktadır. Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan kamu ve özel çay firmaları hem ulusal hem de küresel pazarda rekabet gücünü artırmak için etkin kaynak kullanımına yönelik stratejik kararlar vermesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki çay üretiminde payı yaklaşık %50 olan Çay İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü (ÇAYKUR) Fabrikalarının, yıllık bazda etkinliğinin artış veya azalış durumları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada kesin verilerin kullanıldığı Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi (MTFVE) ile aralıklı verilerin kullanıldığı Jahanshahloo, Lotfi & Valami Modeli uygulanmıştır. Araştırma, çay işletmelerinin belirsizlik ortamında etkinlik değişimini ölçmeye yönelik araştırmaların sınırlı olmasından dolayı literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma sonuçlarının çay sektöründeki yönetici ve diğer paydaşlara strateji geliştirmede ve karar vermede yardımcı olması beklenmektedir.
Asymptotic analysis of time dependent solutions for the coagulation equation with source and efflux
Authors: Ghosh Debdulal , Pflug Lukas , Kumar Jitendra
Published: July 2021

This article provides mathematical proof of the existence of stationary
solutions for the coagulation equation including source and efflux
terms. We demonstrate the convergence of time dependent solutions to
these stationary solutions and highlight the exponential rate of
convergence. These properties are analyzed for affine linear coagulation
kernels, non-negative source terms and positive efflux rates. Numerical
examples are included to demonstrate the predicted convergence
behaviour.
Effects of Ca2+ on migration of dissolved organic matter in limestone soils of the southwest China karst area
Authors: Xiao Peiwen , Xiao Baohua , Adnan Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The capacity of carbon sequestration of limestone soils in karst areas
is unclear and needs to be studied, and there are few reports on the
effect of calcium ions content on the migration and transformation of
soil dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this paper, the leaching process
of DOM from four-layered soil samples of two limestone soil profiles was
systematically studied by soil column experiment with different Ca2+
concentration runoff. The results show that the elution of DOM can be
divided into two stages, a rapid release and dilution stage and a nearly
stable DOM release stage. After the elution, the average DOC loss rates
are 61.9%, 75.5%, 70.9% and 49.1% for four samples, H1, H2, S1, and
S2, respectively. When the Ca2+ concentration of eluent increases, the
following phenomena occur: 1) The DOC loss rate decreased, which was
reduced by 0.6-7.5% in this study. 2) The elution rate decreased and
the desorption activation energy increased. 3) The molecular weight and
the aromaticity of effluent DOM increased and decreased respectively. 4)
The humic-like components were eluted less. The results demonstrate the
higher Ca2+ concentration reduces the elution of soil DOM, improves the
aromaticity of retained soil organic matter (SOM), and may inhibit SOM
utilization and degradation by microorganisms. This study helps to
understand better the transport and fate of SOM in karst regions, and
provides theoretical support for soil planning management and carbon
sink increase in karst areas.
Economic Growth and Socioeconomic Sustainability in BRICS Countries: A Vector Error Correction Modeling Approach
Authors: Awolusi Olawumi Dele
Published: July 2021

A major problem to the BRICS goal of achieving sustainable economic growth for members is the increasing level of socioeconomic inequality in the bloc. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to understand the influence of economic growth on socio-economic sustainability in the BRICS countries, using a yearly dataset from 1990 to 2019. A multivariate co-integration technique by Johansen and Juselius and Granger causality test were used to establish the relationships. Findings confirmed co-integration and short-run causal relationships. The most interesting results were the negative influence of economic growth on socio-economic inequality, tacit support for the resource curse hypothesis. The paper concluded that a common policy option was not possible and that for the block to pursue its economic prosperity goals without compromising individual countries' needs for socioeconomic sustainability, varied policy options were inevitable. The policy implications and recommendations are straightforward: the radical legal basis for the transition from natural resource export, as well as, sweeping regulation for the sustainable usage of natural resources protection, strict penalties on violations of environment-related laws and policies to enhance, general country-wide support. In addition, there may be an urgent need to define the active role of NGOs and other independent institutions in promoting socioeconomic equality (sustainability) practices and concepts at both local and national levels, enhanced social programs; market development, Integration of existing policies and creation of societal culture. Consequently, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no study has investigated comprehensibly (along with multiple determinants) the sustainability of growth policy options within BRICS with an aim to proposing socioeconomic sustainability and growth policy options.
An Evil to be Extinguished or a Resource to be harnessed-Informal Sector in Developing Countries: A Case of Zimbabwe
Authors: Sebele-Mpofu Favourate Y , Moyo Nomazulu
Published: July 2021

The informal sector remains a permanent feature of all economies. It is a more pronounced component of developing country economies where it is an integral part. Literature on economic development offers diverging viewpoints on the sector’s contribution to economic growth. On the one hand, researchers view the sector with positivity as a resource to be harnessed, capable of growth and innovation and on the other hand with negativity as a pure survivalist strategy and a stumbling block to effective policy formulation and economic development. Therefore as an inconvenience to be extinguished. The ambivalent view is further compounded by the sector’s paltry contribution to national tax revenues and as such, the IS has remained unappreciated and largely on the peripheral of economic reviews and policy responsiveness. The former view suggests that the latter is a misconception and narrow recognition of the sector as merely survivalist and contributing negligibly to employment creation and poverty alleviation efforts. Failure to recognize a coexistence of both street traders and firms with potential for growth, improved productivity and innovation, has consequently resulted in misguided policies. Policymakers pay little or no attention to the potential of informal sector firms, the challenges they face, the vulnerability they are exposed to and the appropriate support they require. This gap motivates this paper, as it seeks to explore the role played by the IS in developing countries with a special focus on Zimbabwe. The study employs a mixed-method research design. The research established that the sector remains unequivocally a major source of employment for many developing countries. It also established that a single-minded focus on formalizing the sector, linked to registration for tax purposes, ignores the other arm to the equation that is the creation of job opportunities, hospitable working conditions, improved productivity and increased profits which are possible with adequate policy support. The research recommends improved policy research and support which is development focused to aid informal firms to grow and be independent institutionally and financially from their owners as well as skills capacitation to improve operational and financial management.
Is Audit Committee Power Associated with Audit Completeness and Earnings Announcement Timing?
Authors: Draeger Michelle A. , Haislip Jacob Z. , Sterin Mikhail
Published: July 2021

SYNOPSIS

Companies are increasingly disclosing earnings announcements prior to the completion of the year-end audit. Earnings that are released before the audit is complete are viewed negatively by investors and are positively associated with restatements and management turnover. We examine the role of the audit committee in the timing of earnings announcements. We predict and find that more powerful audit committees are positively associated with earnings announcements issued closer to audit completion. For observations with incomplete audits, we find that more powerful audit committees are negatively associated with restatements. Finally, more powerful audit committees are associated with delays in the earnings announcement. Our primary results are robust to the use of an entropy-balanced control sample and company fixed effects. These results indicate that audit committees play a role in earnings announcement timeliness and reliability, and have implications for researchers, investors, and regulators.

Data Availability: The data used in this paper are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.

JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
On the Threshold of Compliance: Public Charities and the Public Support Test
Authors: Newton Ashley
Published: July 2021

SYNOPSIS

This study investigates how public charities respond to the public support test—an IRS requirement that at least one-third of a public charity's financial support is derived from public sources. Using a large sample of 836,920 charity-year observations during 2009–2018, I find that a disproportionately large number of charities exceed the 33-1/3 percent public support threshold by a small margin. This result holds only for public charities actually subject to the test (six years of age or older) and not young charities that automatically retain public charity status. Further, I find that charities that unexpectedly just meet public support test are more likely to understate fundraising expenses. This evidence implies that the public support levels of charities that just surpass the 33-1/3 percent threshold are likely misrepresented. Overall, my findings provide new insights into a vitally important regulatory threshold that has been largely neglected in existing research.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: L31; L38; M41.
Effects of Preheating and Sonic Delivery Techniques on the Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Demirel G , Orhan AI , Irmak O , Aydın F , Büyüksungur A , Bilecenoğlu B , Orhan K
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To compare the effects of conventional (hand-placed), sonic, or preheated insertion techniques on the internal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 150 freshly extracted human third molars were used to prepare standardized cylindrical occlusal cavities. Teeth were divided into five main groups according to the resin composites: 1 incremental (Clearfil Majesty Posterior [CMP]) and four paste-like bulk-fill (SonicFill 2 [SF2], VisCalor bulk [VCB], Filtek One bulk-fill restorative [FBR], and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill [TEB]). Each main group was divided into three subgroups according to the placement technique: conventional, preheating, and sonic delivery (n=10). In the conventional placement technique, cavities were filled manually. In the sonic insertion technique, a specific handpiece (SonicFill Handpiece; Kerr Corporation) was used. In the preheating technique, a heating device (Caps Warmer, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used to warm the resin composites before placement. Internal voids (%) of the completed restorations were calculated with microcomputed tomography. Data was analyzed with two-way analysis of variacne followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (α=0.05).

Results:

All resin composites showed fewer internal gaps with preheating compared with the conventional placement (p<0.05). For all resin composites other than SF2, preheating provided fewer internal gaps than that of the sonic placement (p<0.05). Sonic placement led to fewer internal gaps compared with the conventional placement, but only for SF2 and FBR (p<0.05). For the conventional placement, the lowest gap percentage was observed with the incremental resin composite (CMP, p<0.05). Among all groups, the lowest gap percentages were observed for preheated VCB followed by sonically inserted SF2 (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The best internal adaptation was observed in sonically inserted SF2 and preheated VCB, which were the manufacturers’ recommended insertion techniques. Preheating considerably improved the internal adaptation of all resin composites, except for that of SF2.
Single-Tooth Rehabilitation Combining Root Displacement and Crown Lengthening Two-Year Follow-Up: A Case Report
Authors: Pontons-Melo JC , Garcia IM , Melo MA , Collares FM
Published: July 2021

Rehabilitation of an extensively compromised single anterior tooth represents an intriguing challenge for dentists, particularly when the rehabilitation involves esthetic, psychosocial, and functional requirements. The success in rehabilitating a patient with a conservative approach depends on a critical evaluation of the remaining structures, precise treatment plan, systematic treatment strategies, and patient compliance. In this case, the patient's chief complaint was the undesirable appearance of the maxillary right lateral, caused by the displacement of the post and crown. Clinical examination revealed a remaining tooth with coronal fracture, severe loss of tissue due to caries, and absence of ferrule effect. Radiographic examination revealed that the fracture margin was located subgingival. This case report describes a single-tooth rehabilitation involving a combination of root displacement via orthodontic extrusion and crown lengthening. The rehabilitation was followed by post-and-core restoration using a prefabricated glass fiber post associated with a disilicate lithium crown. The clinical decision making and combined effect of both treatment strategies are explained in this report. The treatment required three months, including recovery times after surgery and the placement of the provisional crown. The patient was esthetically and functionally satisfied with the restoration. Patient follow-up examination was performed 24 months after the treatment. This clinical report contributes to the clinical practice and exemplifies the possibility of rehabilitating the natural tooth using combined techniques, which may offer particular advantages regarding prognosis and invested efforts.
KAJIAN PENILAIAN INSTRUMEN KEBAHASAAN DALAM BIDANG MORFOLOGI DAN SINTAKSIS
Authors: Mayandri Ghaisyah Dwi , Hehanussa St. Naisa , Wagiran Wagiran , Luriawati Deby
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas instrumen penilaian kebahasaan serta Memperbaiki instrumen penilaian kebahasaan. Pada penelitian ini terdapat dua rumusan masalah yaitu: Bagaimana kualitas instrumen penilaian kebahasaan? Serta Bagaimana rekonstruksi instrumen penilaian kebahasaan?Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu metode yang mengembangkan teori-teori atau menganalisis data berdasarkan hasil yang apa adanya. Penelitian ini berisikan analisis kesalahan berbahasa pada bodang morfolofi dan sintaksis serta merekonstruksi bentuk soal berdasarkan kajian bidang morfologi dan sintaksis.