bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Fuzzy Optimal Model in the Selection of the Startup Hub
Authors: Zhu Xinman , Dai Jie , Wei Haoran , Yang Debing , Huang Weilun , Yu Zhang
Published: February 2021

This paper integrates nominal group technique (NGT), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach, and a case study has been used to demonstrate the fuzzy optimal selection model. From a literature review on the startup hub and the interviews conducted with officials and experts, the selection criteria are (1) convenience—promoted by the city’s entrepreneurial policies or its traffic infrastructure; (2) potentiality—promoted by a regional network or value chain of startups. Lastly, the best idle land resulted in this case study with equal decision-making power using the fuzzy method is Taipei Jianguo Brewery, and the difference of decision-making power might make the best idle land to be Wanbao Textile Factory.
Fine-Grained Task Access Control System for Mobile Crowdsensing
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Yin Xinchun , Ning Jianting
Published: February 2021

Mobile crowdsensing enables people to collect and process a massive amount of information by using social resources without any cost on sensor deployment or model training. Many schemes focusing on the problems of task assignment and privacy preservation have been proposed so far. However, the privacy-preserving of requesters and task access control, which are vital to mobile crowdsensing, is barely considered in the literature. To address the aforementioned issues, a fine-grained task access control system for mobile crowdsensing is proposed. In particular, the requester can decide the group of task performers who can access the task by utilizing attribute-based encryption technology. T he untrusted crowdsensing platform cannot obtain any sensitive information concerning the requester or the task, while the qualified task performers are capable of retrieving tasks within 0.85 ms. Security analysis and experimental results are presented to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed system.
Burst Pressures in Eyes with Clear Corneal Incisions Treated with ReSure Glue
Authors: Shehata Ahmed E. M. , Kambhampati Siva P. , Wang Jiangxia , Soiberman Uri S.
Published: February 2021

Purpose. This study aims to measure burst pressures in 3 mm clear corneal incisions sealed with ReSure, a biodegradable hydrogel sealant, and to compare it to traditional 10-0 nylon sutures and unsealed controls. Design. An ex vivo animal study. Methods. 3 mm clear corneal incisions were performed in rabbit eyes (ex vivo). The burst pressure was determined, and then, the incisions were sealed with either ReSure glue or a single 10-0 nylon suture. Burst pressure measurements were repeated. Results. Fourteen eyes were included. The median burst pressure in the suture-control group (7 eyes) prior to suture application was 7 mmHg (range: 0–45); the median burst pressure in the 7 glue-controls was 36 mmHg (range: 5–61,

p

 = 0.08 for the comparison of the two control groups). The median burst pressure in the glue group was 93 mmHg (range: 39–129,

p

 = 0.043 when compared to glue-control). The median burst pressure in the suture group was 158 mmHg (range: 70–180,

p

 = 0.018 when compared to suture-control). There was no statistically significant difference in burst pressure values between the glue and suture groups (

p

 = 0.08). Conclusion. In this study, ReSure glue applied to 3 mm clear corneal incisions provided sufficient resistance to elevated intraocular pressure when compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that ReSure glue may be comparable to a single 10-0 nylon suture in resisting fluid egress during the early postoperative period.
Research on the Infrared Thermographic Detection of Concrete under Solar Heating
Authors: Zheng Dan , Tan Shuaishuai , Li Xinxin , Cai Haonan
Published: February 2021

Infrared thermography for detecting defects in concrete structures is closely related to the heat source and the optimized method of the thermal image. Due to the limitation of the irradiation area of the heat source, it is inefficient to detect the defects in large concrete structures. In this paper, sunlight was employed as a heat source to detect the defects with different sizes and depths in concrete, and the measured infrared images were processed and optimized by an enhancement algorithm. The experimental results showed that the defects in concrete could be rapidly identified under sunlight. The effect of environment, view angle, and boundary can be eliminated by image preprocessing, and the histogram equalization algorithm can increase the detection depth of the defects. The research results can also provide a reference for the infrared detection technology of concrete under the weak heat source.
DIC‐Based Operational Modal Analysis of Bridges
Authors: Chen Gongfa , Wu Zhihua , Gong Chunjian , Zhang Jiqiao , Sun Xiaoli
Published: February 2021

A new method has been proposed to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a bridge model, in which the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to track the dynamic displacement. A key issue in vibration‐based damage detection for a bridge is to determine its modal parameters. It is difficult to use traditional acceleration sensors to obtain the accurate mode shapes of bridges as the sensors are only deployed on a few measurement points of the bridges. In this article, the DIC technique is used to capture the movement of the entire experimental bridge model. A steel truss is used as a bridge model and stimulated by a hammer; its dynamic displacement is recorded by using a digital video camera. The correlation analysis is used to track the displacement of the points of interest, and their displacement time histories are inputted into a modal analysis system; the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge model were obtained by both operational modal analysis (OMA) and traditional experimental modal analysis (EMA) methods. (1) The DIC results are compared with those obtained by a traditional acceleration sensor‐based method; the natural frequencies obtained by the two measurement methods are very close. (2) The DIC results are sensitive to the amplitude of the measured displacement and the shooting distance; small displacement amplitudes and long shooting distance may result in the low quality of the measured time‐history curves, and low‐frequency noise signals might be observed in their power spectral density (PSD) curves, while they can be easily solved by the filtering method in this article. (3) In addition, the first frequencies obtained by EMA and OMA are very close, which validates the applicability of the DIC measurement under ambient excitation. The research has illustrated the feasibility of the DIC method for obtaining the modal parameters of the bridges.
Distinct Antiviral Properties of Two Different Bacterial Lysates
Authors: Roth Michael , Khameneh Hanif J. , Fang Lei , Tamm Michael , Rossi Giovanni A.
Published: February 2021

Oral bacterial lysates (OBLs) can reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children from viral and bacterial origins. OBL-induced early innate immune reaction was already shown, but the specific features of different OBLs have never been studied and compared. A study was conducted to assess in vitro the protective effects on rhinovirus- (RV-) infected human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) of two slightly different OBLs: OM-85 and Pulmonarom. Furthermore, since immune cells represent the key arm for antiviral defence, the capacity of these OBLs to induce selected cytokine production in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) was also evaluated. Although different OBLs may share some mechanisms to protect host cells from virus infection, some product-specific antimicrobial activities were observed on RV-infected human BECs and mouse BMDCs. These results are consistent with a product-specific response possibly triggered by different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) contained in OBLs.
Freezing‐Thawing Damage Mechanism of Coal Gangue Concrete Based on Low‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and N2 Adsorption
Authors: Hou Bowen , Qiu Jisheng , Guo Peng , Gao Xujun , Zhang Ruyi
Published: February 2021

To study waterborne frost heaving failure mechanism of coal gangue ceramsite concrete (CGCC) under freeze‐thaw cycles, capillary water absorption test, nonmetallic ultrasonic testing test, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR) test, N2 adsorption test, and other tests were used to determine the effect of freeze‐thaw cycles on the porosity, relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDM), and capillary adsorption rate of different coal gangue ceramsite (MT) replacement rates (0, 20%, 40%, and 60%). Combining the changes of performance indexes and the changes of micropore structure under freeze‐thaw cycles, the freeze‐thaw failure mechanism of normal concrete (OC) and CGCC was analyzed. In view of the particularity of MT material, the method based on pore size is put forward to distinguish M pores from T pores, and the reasons for different properties are analyzed from the microperspective. The results show that the freeze‐thaw cycle changes the microstructure of coal gangue concrete and has an obvious influence on its properties. And when the replacement rate is 40%, degradation mitigation performance is optimal. Due to the particularity of MT shape, T pores are dominant in coal gangue concrete matrix, which is different from the microstructure of ordinary concrete and can reduce the structural deterioration caused by freeze‐thaw. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the research and application of CGCC in freeze‐thaw environment.
Case Study on BIM and Value Engineering Integration for Construction Cost Control
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Wang Chen , Alashwal Ali
Published: February 2021

Construction projects consume a considerable amount of resources and funding. Cost control is an essential process to attain project success and enhance its value. Many studies have been dedicated to studying how value engineering (VE) can be used to control construction costs. However, limited studies can be found on the integration of building information modelling (BIM) and VE for better cost control and optimization. The main purpose of this study is to determine how BIM can be integrated with VE and illustrate the benefits of this integration. The study proposed a framework based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method to calculate the weight and coefficient. A case study method of a high‐rise building project in China was used to validate the framework and demonstrate how BIM can be integrated with VE. The data were collected through document analysis, interviews, and a questionnaire survey targeted on project participants. The findings show that the integration of BIM in VE facilitates design modification and information extraction such as cost data. Using this approach showed a saving of 10% in project cost and duration. Besides, the overall quality and performance of the project have been enhanced. The findings show the significance of integrating BIM and VE to enhance building project functionality and performance before, during, and after the construction stage. This study contributes to providing empirical evidence of the advantages of this integrated approach including a better understanding of project components and requirements, easy access to project data, comprehensive weight and function analysis, easy validation of recommended solutions, and ability to virtually evaluate design changes and construction site planning.
Visible-Light-Driven SO42-/TiO2 Photocatalyst Synthesized from Binh Dinh (Vietnam) Ilmenite Ore for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Nguyen Tan Lam , Dinh Quoc Viet , Nguyen Thi Lan , Le Thi Thanh Thuy , Dinh Thanh Khan , Nguyen Van Thang , Nguyen Phi Hung
Published: February 2021

A low-cost and simplistic approach for the synthesis of nanosized SO42-/TiO2 photocatalyst was successfully performed using Binh Dinh ilmenite ore and H2SO4 as titanium and sulfur sources, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the obtained material exists in the form of particles with a size of about 22 nm and has a specific surface area of about 49 m2 g-1. Compared with the TiO2 sample, the SO42-/TiO2 sample shows much higher photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under the sunlight irradiation. In more details, the nanosized SO42-/TiO2 sample obtained is capable of completely decomposing RhB after 9 hours of irradiation by a 60 W LED lamp with a corresponding intensity of 9,500 Lux. However, when the SO42-/TiO2 is irradiated by the sunlight with the intensity of 65,000 Lux, it only takes 2 hours to completely decompose rhodamine B (RhB), facilitating the use of SO42-/TiO2 as a potential photocatalyst for the RhB photodegradation.
Electrical Conductivity‐Based Estimation of Unfrozen Water Content in Saturated Saline Frozen Sand
Authors: Lai Zejin , Zhao Xiaodong , Tang Rui , Yang Jinhong
Published: February 2021

The salinity of the pore solution is closely associated with the unfrozen water content and can be reflected by variation in electrical conductivity in frozen soils. However, the influence of salinity was not considered in the existing models for estimation of unfrozen water content based on electrical conductivity measurement, and a model considering the effect of salt content was therefore developed to estimate the change of unfrozen water content of saline sands with variation of salt content (0%, 0.2%, and 1%). The unfrozen water content and the electrical resistivity were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NRM) and using resistance test equipment under a temperature ranging from 25°C to −15°C, respectively. The results indicated that the model using a cementation exponent expressed by a piecewise function with respect to temperature can produce a reasonable estimation on the content of unfrozen water. There was an essential difference between nonsaline and saline frozen sands in the increase of electrical resistivity due to the different reduction rates of unfrozen water content. The variation of electrical resistivity in nonsaline sand was mainly caused by the decrease of free water when temperature was higher than the freezing point and adsorbed water when temperature was lower than the freezing point, whereas the reduction of free water in two stages was the main reason for the variation of electrical resistivity in saline sand. The results and data obtained provided a basis for further developing a novel approach to measure the unfrozen water content in the field.
Fault Diagnosis Approach for Rotating Machinery Based on Feature Importance Ranking and Selection
Authors: Yuan Zong , Zhou Taotao , Liu Jie , Zhang Changhe , Liu Yong
Published: February 2021

The key to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is to extract fault features effectively and select the appropriate classification algorithm. As a common signal decomposition method, the effect of wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) largely depends on the applicability of the wavelet basis function (WBF). In this paper, a novel fault diagnosis approach for rotating machinery based on feature importance ranking and selection is proposed. Firstly, a two‐step principle is proposed to select the most suitable WBF for the vibration signal, based on which an optimized WPD (OWPD) method is proposed to decompose the vibration signal and extract the fault information in the frequency domain. Secondly, FE is utilized to extract fault features of the decomposed subsignals of OWPD. Thirdly, the categorical boosting (CatBoost) algorithm is introduced to rank the fault features by a certain strategy, and the optimal feature set is further utilized to identify and diagnose the fault types. A hybrid dataset of bearing and rotor faults and an actual dataset of the one‐stage reduction gearbox are utilized for experimental verification. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve higher fault diagnosis accuracy using fewer features under complex working conditions.
Why Do Epidemiologic Studies Find an Inverse Association Between Intraprostatic Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: A Possible Role for Colliding Bias?
Authors: Langston Marvin E. , Sfanos Karen S. , Khan Saira , Nguyen Trang Q. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Sutcliffe Siobhan
Published: February 2021

Inflammation is an emerging risk factor for prostate cancer based largely on evidence from animal models and histopathologic observations. However, findings from patho-epidemiologic studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer have been less supportive, with inverse associations observed in many studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer diagnosis. Here, we propose collider stratification bias as a potential methodologic explanation for these inverse findings and provide strategies for conducting future etiologic studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer.
A Phase I and Surgical Study of Ribociclib and Everolimus in Children with Recurrent or Refractory Malignant Brain Tumors: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Study
Authors: DeWire Mariko D. , Fuller Christine , Campagne Olivia , Lin Tong , Pan Haitao , Young Poussaint Tina , Baxter Patricia A. , Hwang Eugene I. , Bukowinski Andrew , Dorris Kathleen , Hoffman Lindsey , Waanders Angela J. , Karajannis Matthias A. , Stewart Clinton F. , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Fouladi Maryam , Dunkel Ira J.
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Genomic aberrations in cell cycle and PI3K pathways are commonly observed in pediatric brain tumors. This study determined the MTD/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of ribociclib and everolimus and characterized single-agent ribociclib concentrations in plasma and tumor in children undergoing resection.

Patients and Methods:

Patients were enrolled in the phase I study according to a rolling 6 design and received ribociclib and everolimus daily for 21 and 28 days, respectively. Surgical patients received ribociclib at the pediatric RP2D (350 mg/m2) for 7–10 days preoperatively followed by enrollment on the phase I study. Pharmacokinetics were analyzed for both cohorts.

Results:

Sixteen patients were enrolled on the phase I study (median age, 10.3 years; range, 3.9–20.4) and 6 patients in the surgical cohort (median age, 11.4 years; range: 7.2–17.1). Thirteen patients were enrolled at dose level 1 without dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Two of the 3 patients at dose level 2 experienced DLTs (grade 3 hypertension and grade 4 alanine aminotransferase). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were lymphopenia, neutropenia, and leukopenia. The RP2D of ribociclib and everolimus was 120 and 1.2 mg/m2 for 21 and 28 days, respectively. Steady-state everolimus exposures with ribociclib were 2.5-fold higher than everolimus administered alone. Ribociclib plasma, tumor concentrations, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected. The mean tumor-to-plasma ratio of ribociclib was 19.8 (range, 2.22–53.4).

Conclusions:

Ribociclib and everolimus were well-tolerated and demonstrated pharmacokinetic properties similar to those in adults. Potential therapeutic ribociclib concentrations could be achieved in CSF and tumor tissue, although interpatient variability was observed.
Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Acts as a Molecular Switch for BRD4 Transcriptional Activity and Mediates Repression of BRD4/WDR5 Target Genes
Authors: Pistoni Mariaelena , Rossi Teresa , Donati Benedetta , Torricelli Federica , Polano Maurizio , Ciarrocchi Alessia
Published: February 2021

BRD4 is an epigenome reader known to exert key roles at the interface between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, and is primarily known for its role in promoting gene expression. In selective contexts, however, BRD4 may work as negative regulator of transcription. Here, we reported that BRD4 binds several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA). Among these, the lncRNA NEAT1 was found to interfere with BRD4 transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, lncNEAT1 forms a complex with BRD4 and WDR5 and maintains them in a low-activity state. Treatment with Bromodomains and Extraterminal (BET) inhibitor caused the lncRNA NEAT1 to dissociate from the BRD4/WDR5 complex, restored the acetyl-transferase capacity of BRD4, and restored the availability of WDR5 to promote histone trimethylation, thereby promoting BRD4/WDR5 transcriptional activity and activation of target gene expression. In addition, the lncRNA NEAT1 then became available to bind and to inhibit EZH2, cooperatively increasing transcriptional activation.

Implications:

Our results revealed an epigenetic program that involves the interaction between the lncRNA NEAT1 and BRD4, functioning as a molecular switch between BRD4's activator and repressor chromatin complexes.
Bleeding Risk of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Heart Failure And Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Lu Lingyun , Ghaznavi Zunera , Warner Alberta L.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation are an important atrial fibrillation subgroup in which direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have not been adequately studied in real-world settings. Since DOACs rely on renal elimination and renal dysfunction is prevalent in patients with heart failure, their use may increase bleeding risk, negating some of their advantage over warfarin.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked Veterans Administration databases of patients with heart failure newly started on warfarin or DOACs for atrial fibrillation from October 2010 to August 2017 (23 635 warfarin, 25 823 DOAC). Outcomes included time to first bleeding, stroke, and death using Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results:

Total bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.56–0.68]), major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.40–0.61]), and death (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.71–0.78]) were lower with DOAC than warfarin, and with apixaban and dabigatran, but not rivaroxaban. Moderate/severe chronic kidney disease was common (48.7%); moderate chronic kidney disease was associated with increased bleeding with DOACs but not warfarin. However, death and bleeding remained lower with DOACs than warfarin across all renal function levels and clinical subgroups. A >20% transient/persistent decline in renal function occurred in 53% of DOAC-treated patients at some point during follow-up, would have required dose reduction in 10.5% of patients, and was associated with increased bleeding. Dose adjustments were made more often, and bleeding and death were lower in patients seen by pharmacists or anticoagulation clinics. There were significant between-site variations in DOAC dosing.

Conclusions:

DOACs overall, apixaban, and dabigatran, but not rivaroxaban, were associated with less total bleeding and death than warfarin in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation at all levels of renal function. Renal function decline resulted in increased bleeding in patients with DOACs. DOAC dose adjustment was often indicated, associated with increased bleeding when not adjusted, emphasizing the need for closer monitoring in these patients.
Description of Ruehmaphelenchus fujiensis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from dead wood of Quercus crispula from Yamanashi, Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi
Published: February 2021

Three undescribed Ruehmaphelenchus species were isolated from dead wood of Quercus crispula collected in three different localities in Japan. One of these three species was successfully cultured using Botrytis cinerea as its food fungus and is described and figured as R. fujiensis n. sp. The new species is characterised by the following features: male tail, conical with or without a projection; female tail, conical with variously shaped terminal mucron or projection; and male spicule possessing a relatively long and triangular condylus. The new species is close to, or almost a cryptic species of R. digitulus, i.e., the typological characters and morphometric values of these two species are mostly overlapping. In a molecular phylogenetic relationship inferred from near-full-length small subunit (18S) and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (28S) of ribosomal RNA, the new species is close to R. asiaticus, R. digitulus, R. formosanus, and Ruehmaphelenchus sp. NKZ202; however, it was clearly separated from these species.
Evaluating Platform Accountability: Terrorist Content on YouTube
Authors: Murthy Dhiraj
Published: February 2021

YouTube has traditionally been singled out as particularly influential in the spreading of ISIS content. However, the platform along with Facebook, Twitter, and Microsoft jointly created the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism in 2017 as one mode to be more accountable and take measures toward combating extremist content online. Though extreme content on YouTube has been found to have decreased substantially due to this and other efforts (human and machine-based), it is valuable to historically review what role YouTube previously had in order to better understand the evolution of contemporary moves toward platform accountability in terms of extremist video content sharing. Therefore, this study explores what role YouTube’s recommender algorithm had in directing users to ISIS-related content prior to large-scale pressure by citizens and governments to more aggressively moderate extremist content. To investigate this, a YouTube video network from 2016 consisting of 15,021 videos (nodes) and 190,087 recommendations between them (edges) was studied. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this study evaluates 11 video attributes (such as genre, language, and radical keywords) and identifies sets of attributes that were found to potentially be involved in the outcomes of YouTube recommending extreme content. This historical review of YouTube at a unique point in platform accountability ultimately raises questions of how platforms might be able to be more proactive rather than reactive regarding filtering and moderating extremist content.
Variability of Activated Clotting Time by Site of Sample Draw During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Morris Jacqueline H. , Lee Junsoo Alex , McNitt Scott , Goldenberg Ilan , Narins Craig R.
Published: February 2021

The activated clotting time (ACT) assay is used to monitor and titrate anticoagulation therapy with unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Observations at our institution suggested a considerable difference between ACT values drawn from varying arterial sites, prompting the current study. Patients undergoing PCI with unfractionated heparin therapy were prospectively enrolled. Simultaneous arterial blood samples were drawn from the access sheath and the coronary guide catheter. Differences between Hemochron ACT values were determined, and potential interactions with clinical variables were analyzed. Immediately postprocedure, the simultaneous mean guide and sheath ACTs were 327 ± 62 seconds and 257 ± 44 seconds, respectively, with a mean difference of 70 ± 60 seconds (P < .001). Nearly all (90%) ACT values obtained via the guide catheter were higher than the concurrent ACT drawn from the sheath. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lower weight-adjusted heparin doses and absence of diabetes were associated with a greater difference between the ACT values. We conclude that the ACT value is substantially greater when assessed via the guide catheter versus the access sheath. Although the biological mechanisms require further study, this difference should be considered when managing anticoagulation during PCI and when reporting ACT as part of research protocols.
Hacking work: Critically examining the implications of the new discourse and practices of hacking for work intensification and organisational control
Authors: Bloom Peter , Śliwa Martyna
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the importance of ‘hacking work’ in organisations, specifically in relation to control over workers in organisations operating within the neoliberal ideological project. Noting the shift in the discourse of hacking beyond references to computer-mediated, anti-establishment oriented activities, we draw on the current meaning of the term ‘hacking’ that encompasses any ‘shortcuts’ that can be applied to more efficiently complete tasks. We argue that in workplace contexts, the emergence of ‘work hacking’ practices can be observed, whereby employees invest time, effort and tacit knowledge into inventing and implementing various ‘tricks’ in order to fulfil organisational demands while maintaining their own well-being. We discuss how ‘hacking work’ practices, even if seemingly subversive, present a new form of work intensification and control within the labour process. They can be seen as an exercise in ‘working to work’ through self-disciplining, aimed at ensuring that the employee completes the allocated tasks regardless of the insufficiency of time and other resources. Their emergence also points to the devaluing of work itself, manifested in a view of work as no more than a set of tasks that need to be ‘hacked’.
Group-Specific Responses to Retrospective Economic Performance: A Multilevel Analysis of Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Bojar Abel , Vlandas Tim
Published: February 2021

What is the relationship between electoral and economic performance? Previous literature posits that poor economic performance hurts the incumbent at the ballot box because overall economic performance serves as a competence signal, which voters can readily access at low costs. Building on an emerging economic voting literature exploring heterogeneity in the electorate, this article argues that social groups are affected differently by various dimensions of economic performance and that their sociotropic sanctioning of incumbents is contingent on the retrospective performance of these dimensions. It theorizes how four social groups—low-skilled workers, pensioners, public sector employees, and high-income individuals—are differently affected by each of four economic dimensions: unemployment, inflation, stock market performance, and public spending; as a result, they penalize the incumbent to varying extents. Results from a multilevel logistic regression analysis from four modules of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems containing around seventy electoral contexts are consistent with the argument.
Resilient Coping Types in People With Spinal Cord Injury: Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Chiu Chungyi , Brooks Jessica , Jones Alicia , Wilcher Kortney , Shen Sa , Driver Simon , Krause James
Published: February 2021

Resilience is central to living well with a spinal cord injury (SCI). To provide a timely, targeted, and individualized intervention supporting resilience, it is necessary to assess an individual’s resilience level and characteristics of resilience on an ongoing basis. We aimed to validate the different types of resilient coping among people with SCI (PwSCI), using the Connor–Davidson resilience scale, and to identify the relationships between resilience and other psychosocial factors among the types of resilient coping. We recruited 93 PwSCI, who took the self-report measures of resilience, depression, life satisfaction, and spirituality. Using latent class analysis, we found three types: (a) goal-pursuing, bouncing-back, and persevering, named GP; (b) uncertainty about coping with setbacks, named UC; and (c) loss of resilient coping, named LOSS. The multivariate tests indicated that the three types differed on a linear combination of resilience, depression, and life satisfaction, with a large effect size. We discuss the three types of resilient coping and the implications for psychosocial interventions. We also recommend that rehabilitation clinicians examine PwSCI’s resilience levels and types of resilience during initial and follow-up visits. In doing so, PwSCI will have timely, targeted supports for developing and/or re-building their resilience.
Historical materialism and international studies: Theorising the politics of struggle in the everyday world
Authors: Tansel Cemal Burak
Published: February 2021

This forum brings together critical engagements with Andreas Bieler and Adam David Morton’s Global Capitalism, Global War, Global Crisis to assess the prospects and limits of historical materialism in International Studies. The authors’ call for a ‘necessarily historical materialist moment’ in International Studies is interrogated by scholars working with historical materialist, feminist and decolonial frameworks in and beyond International Relations (IR)/International Political Economy (IPE). This introductory essay situates the book in relation to the wider concerns of historical materialist IR/IPE and outlines how the contributors assess the viability of Bieler and Morton’s historical materialist project.
Little Arabia: A California Ethnoanchor
Authors: Allison Noah
Published: February 2021

Tucked into strip malls along Brookhurst Street are the scattered agglomeration of restaurants, markets, bakeries, butcher shops, hookah lounges, educational centers, hair salons, and clothing stores catering to groups who come from the Middle East and North Africa. Proliferating over the last twenty-five years, this Anaheim thoroughfare is colloquially known as Little Arabia. The small strip of commerce is supported by the nation’s largest Arab population residing throughout Southern California. The emergence of Little Arabia is similar to what scholars refer to as “ethnoburbs,” “invisiburbs,” and “design assimilated suburbs.” Little Arabia, however, represents something different: what this paper refers to as an “ethnoanchor.” To illustrate the descriptive utility of the ethnoanchor typology, this paper unpacks the historical, spatial, social, and political dynamics of Little Arabia to illustrate how contemporary migration patterns are influencing suburban regions, collectively illustrating the constitution of a new kind of American dream.
The Provenance of Philippians: A Response to the Analyses of Michael Flexsenhar, Heike Omerzu, Angela Standhartinger and Cédric Brélaz
Authors: Campbell Douglas A.
Published: February 2021

A critical synthesis of the arguments made by Flexsenhar, Omerzu, Standhartinger and Brélaz, concerning the provenance of Paul’s letter to the Philippians, suggests: (1) ‘the whole of the praetorium’ referenced in 1.13 is a group of people working in an official provincial building, hence (2) in view of Paul’s incarceration awaiting imminent trial, this is probably in a provincial capital, (3) where a group of imperial slaves, who, following attested practice, identify themselves as ‘a household of Caesar’ (4.22), and originally from Philippi, have migrated to join the local congregation. Further critical consideration suggests, moreover, that, although Ephesus is a plausible location for the explanation of this data, Corinth is a still more powerful and economic explanation of this and related data points.
Perceived Effects of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on Functional Status in Early-stage Huntington Disease
Authors: Gibson Jessie S. , Rhoten Bethany A. , Ridner Sheila H. , Claassen Daniel O.
Published: February 2021

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Huntington disease (HD) are commonly encountered, but their effects on functional status are poorly understood. In this qualitative study guided by the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, 15 HD patients and caregivers completed semi-structured interviews regarding perceived effects of neuropsychiatric symptoms on functional status. Physical, cognitive, and social functional effects were reported, with negative effects on daily activities and social withdrawal being reported by the greatest number of subjects. Participants also reported improved function with intervention for neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study provides a novel description of the lived experiences of HD patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Neural Network Optimal Model for Classification of Unclassified Vehicles in Weigh-in-Motion Traffic Data
Authors: Peng Cheng , Jiang Yi , Li Shuo , Nantung Tommy
Published: February 2021

A weigh-in-motion (WIM) system has the capability to perform on-site vehicle classifications based on the FHWA schema. However, WIM datasets often contain a significant portion of vehicles that could not be classified into any of the 13 vehicle classes by WIM devices. Possible reasons for the WIM classifier failing to classify these vehicles are tailgating, lane changing, traffic congestion, and equipment malfunction. Analysis of unclassified vehicles was performed with WIM-recorded data. A neural network model was established to determine the appropriate allocations of unclassified vehicles to vehicle classes. Since the number of unclassified vehicles is often fairly high, the allocations will help to improve the accuracy of truck traffic data and thus improve pavement design. Video records of traffic streams on an interstate section and traffic data from a nearby WIM station were used to identify causes for vehicle misclassifications. The optimal model was developed through model algorithm design, data processing, model training, validation, robustness analysis, and verification of video records. It was found that the optimal model was effective in allocating unclassified vehicles to appropriate vehicle classes. The optimal model was able to reclassify the unclassified vehicles that had non-zero attributes with high accuracy. The optimal model provides a useful tool for properly allocating the unclassified vehicles to the FHWA specified vehicle classes. The developed allocations can be applied to allocate unclassified vehicles appropriately to vehicle classes for pavement design and would potentially increase benefit and reduce cost with reliable and realistic pavement designs.
A Feasibility Study of Multi-Component Fall Prevention for Homebound Older Adults Facilitated by Lay Coaches and Using a Tablet-Based, Gamified Exercise Application
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , Stanmore Emma , Caamano Julieta , Vences Kelly , Gell Nancy M.
Published: February 2021

Although homebound older adults face high risk for falls, they are unable to utilize community-based fall prevention programs due to their mobility limitations. In this article, we report a feasibility study of a four-session, multicomponent fall prevention program for low-income homebound older adults using pre, post, mixed-method design. The manualized program was delivered by lay coaches who were trained and supervised by a physical therapist. The program also used an iPad-based gamified strength and balance exercise app (called KOKU) that was operable without the need to connect to the internet. Participants ( N = 28) in this study were highly receptive to the program and approved all components: psychoeducation, the KOKU app, home-safety checks, safe ambulation training, and medication review. The study showed that a brief, multi-component fall prevention program for homebound older adults is feasible and acceptable. Further research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness.
The Effects of Husbands’ Alcohol Consumption and Women’s Empowerment on Intimate Partner Violence in India
Authors: Parekh Aneree , Tagat Anirudh , Kapoor Hansika , Nadkarni Abhijit
Published: February 2021

The influence of husband’s alcohol consumption and that of women’s empowerment has been largely studied separately in relation to the intimate partner violence (IPV) faced by women, which has hindered a nuanced understanding of gender-based violence in India. This study aimed to understand how husbands’ alcohol consumption shapes the relationship between women’s empowerment and violence among Indian couples. Data from the 2015–16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were used in this study. A composite women’s empowerment index was constructed and its association with husbands’ drunkenness and odds of facing emotional, physical, severe, and sexual violence was examined. This study found that compared to women whose husbands were never drunk, those whose husbands were sometimes or often drunk had significantly higher odds of experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence. For all the types of IPV, an increase in the empowerment index was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of experiencing violence. However, increasing frequency of husband’s drunkenness in combination with increasing scores on the empowerment index was associated with a significant increase in the odds of IPV, except sexual violence. Our findings highlight the nuances of IPV, situating the experiences of women in the social, cultural, and economic realities of Indian society.
Does online sexually transmitted infection screening compromise care? A service evaluation comparing the management of chlamydial infection diagnosed online and in clinic
Authors: Gasmelsid Nur , Moran Benjamin CB , Nadarzynski Tom , Patel Rajul , Foley Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Patient demand on sexual health services in the United Kingdom is so high that many services have introduced online screening to accommodate more patients. There are concerns that these services may not be accessible to all. This service evaluation was undertaken to determine whether online screening is accessible by those patients most at need by comparing the demographics and number of asymptomatic chlamydial infections detected online and in clinic. No difference was found in the age nor level of deprivation, demonstrating that online services are an accessible way to screen for sexually transmitted infections without overburdening established services.
Early limb paralysis in infants: do not forget about congenital syphilis
Authors: Scarcella Antonio , Bortone Barbara , Tersigni Chiara , Trippella Giulia , Bianchi Leila , Montagnani Carlotta , Chiappini Elena , Venturini Elisabetta , Galli Luisa
Published: February 2021

We describe the case of a 2-month-old baby with congenital syphilis, presenting with limb paralysis. The radiological investigations showed periosteal thickenings of the limb. Despite negative maternal serology during the first trimester of pregnancy, clinical and radiological features led to the suspicion of pseudoparalysis of Parrot, which was confirmed by blood tests. Delayed diagnoses or misdiagnoses are possible when uncommon presentations of forgotten diseases occur. The needing for a second screening for syphilis in high-risk pregnant women should be evaluated.
Analytical modeling of the shape memory effect in SMA beams with rectangular cross section under reversed pure bending
Authors: Radi Enrico
Published: February 2021

An analytical model is developed for a prismatic SMA beam with rectangular cross section subjected to alternating bending at temperature below the austenitic transformations. The loading path consists in a loading-unloading cycle under bending and then under reversed bending. Two opposite martensitic variants take place, whose volume fractions evolve linearly with the axial stress. Different Young’s moduli are taken for the austenitic and martensitic phases. As the bending moment is increased, the martensitic transformation starts from the top and bottom and then it extends inwards. If the maximum applied bending moment is large enough, then the complete Martensitic transformation takes place at the upper and lower parts of the cross section. During unloading and the following reversed bending, reorientation of the Martensite variant into the opposite one takes place starting from the boundary between the fully martensitic region and the intermediate transforming region. Special attention is devoted to calculate analytically the axial stress and Martensite variant distributions within the cross section at each stage of the process. A closed form moment-curvature relation is provided for loading and elastic unloading and in integral form for the rest of the process. The approach is then validated by comparison with analytical results available in the literature.
Teaching Music Remotely: Strategies for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Draper Ellary A.
Published: February 2021

As schools closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19, students and teachers began engaging in remote learning. Remote instruction continued through the end of the 2020 school year and many have continued to teach remotely for at least part of, if not all of the 2020–2021 school year. While teaching music remotely is not ideal, music teachers have successfully shifted to different combinations of synchronous and asynchronous instruction with their students. The shift to remote learning is challenging for students and teachers alike, and there are additional challenges for students with disabilities engaging in remote instruction or drastically different in-person classrooms. This article includes an overview of concerns facing students with disabilities during COVID-19 as well as strategies specific to students with disabilities to successfully engage in remote instruction.
Giving Birth to Another Child: Women’s Perceptions of Their Childbirth Experiences in Quebec
Authors: Gagnon Raymonde , Champagne-Poirier Olivier
Published: February 2021

Medical interventions during childbirth are on the rise and many women in Quebec emerge from a first childbirth with the desire to live a different, less medicalized subsequent experience. To address how multiparity can affect the ways of giving birth, we conducted 20 in-depth qualitative interviews with multiparas who gave birth to their last child in various birthing environments in the 6 months prior to this study. Using tri-level coding, we inductively analyzed the transcripts, which showed an evolution in the participants’ perspectives. A spiral effect seems to be in place: The more women feel at ease with childbirth, the more they seek to establish a context in which they feel even more at ease. However, some women had to go through multiple birth experiences before being able to assert themselves and consider their perspectives regarding their own experiences as legitimate.
Telemedicine in International Cleft Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bedi Gurbani , Vyas Krishna S. , Chung Michael T. , Morrison Shane D. , Asaad Malke , Mardini Samir
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) are among the world’s most common congenital malformation and has a higher prevalence in developing nations due to environmental and genetic factors. Global efforts have been developed in order to prevent and treat the malformation. Telemedicine has been implemented in various humanitarian global missions with success and is currently the primary means of care due to COVID-19.

Objective:

To assess the benefits and barriers of telehealth in the care of patients with CLP through a global approach.

Methods:

Systematic review of the PubMed and Cochrane Review databases with relevant terms related to telemedicine in cleft lip and palate surgery.

Results:

Eight articles fit the inclusion criteria and suggested benefits with the use of telemedicine in regard to education, preoperative, and postoperative care as well as increased access to underserved populations. Barriers included connectivity and accessibility concerns.

Conclusion:

Telehealth is a beneficial way to evaluate patients with CLP in developing countries with proper care and follow-up to reduce complications and to improve health outcomes.
Clascoterone: How the Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Fits Into the Acne Treatment Paradigm
Authors: Purvis Caitlin G. , Balogh Esther A. , Feldman Steven R.
Published: February 2021

Many patients with acne remain unsatisfied with results from the various topical treatments available and often do not improve, because of poor adherence. Even if topical clascoterone, a safe and effective treatment, were more potent than existing topicals, it could face the same poor adherence hurdle as existing treatments. Real-life efficacy will likely not reflect trial results because, for several reasons, adherence is better in trials than in real-life practice. Although topical clascoterone may be exciting initially for its promise to improve acne outcomes, the long-term place in therapy may be another topical option that minimally enhances patients’ treatment outcomes.