bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS’ TRANSLATIONS OF ADJECTIVAL COMPOUNDS: A CORPUS ANALYSIS
Authors: ́Wattles Isidora M. , Radić-Bojanić Biljana B. , Wattles Isidora M.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the paper is to analyze English language students’ translations of adjectival compounds and examine various linguistic choices, given the structural differences between English and Serbian. The research relies on a students’ corpus compiled at the University of East Sarajevo and observes the students’ translations of three texts from English into Serbian. A total of nine adjectival compounds with a similar morphological structure was excerpted (brick-faced, hand-carved, pint-sized, real-life, self-conscious, self-possessed, self-reliant, small-featured, tree-lined). Their translations might prove to be problematic for various reasons such as lack of translation equivalents, culture-specific lexemes, or differences in structural characteristics of the two languages. The paper thus provides the morphological and semantic analyses of the source vocabulary, lists the offered translations, and categorizes the adequacy of translation in the target language. Some pedagogical implications are offered in the conclusion.
РУСООВА КРИТИКА МОДЕРНОГ ДРУШТВА, НАУКЕ И КУЛТУРЕ
Authors: Каурин Соња С.
Published: June 2021

У вијеку који су називали филозофским, вијеку науке и разума, Русо нам се открива као критичар модерног мита о напретку. Управо тај унутрашњи сукоб са једним непри- хватљивим и изопаченим друштвом, чије је аномалије и опа- сности био кадар да сагледа, учиниће га главним опонентом ондашњих првака мисли окупљених око пројекта Енцикло- педија. Аутор овог рада, ослоњен прије свега на Русоову Прву расправу, односно Расправу о наукама и умјетности, жели да тематизује Русоову хипотезу по којој је историја са својом вјештачком изградњом цивилизованог друштва покварила човјека. Он је добар и чист произашао из руку природе, али га је његов развој постепено отуђио од природе. Одређени сегменти Русоове радикалне критике просвјетитељске вјере у напредак могу се у потпуности примијенити и на ово наше постмодерно доба. На тај начин нам се и сâм Русо приказује као увијек актуелан и свевремен мислилац.
SEVERE FORM OF GENERALIZED SARCOPTIC MANGE WITH SECONDARY PIOTRAUMATIC FOLLICULITIS IN DOGS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: VUJANIĆ́ Dejan , STEVANOVIĆ́ Oliver , DOBRIJEVIĆ́ Miljan , TRBOJEVIĆ́ Igor , SLADOJEVIĆ́ Željko , LAUŠEVIĆ́ Dejan , NEDIĆ́ Drago
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a case of generalized sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in a stray dog found in the Kotor Varoš Municipality. Clinical and dermatological examinations revealed the suspicion of Sarcoptic mange in the dog, which was confirmed by the finding of eggs and adult forms of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. As a secondary complication of mange, the presence of staphylococcal pyotraumatic folliculitis was determined. Hematological examination revealed anemia and leukocytosis. In basic therapy, 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin was administered parenterally, with cephalexin administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 hours. The therapy lasted 30 days. Control examinations did not reveal parasitic elements in the scraped surface layer of the skin. In the discussion of this paper, the epizootiological characteristics of the disease and the list of dog`s skin diseases, that should be distinguished from sarcoptic mange in everyday practice, are presented.
POSLOVANJE HRANOM U UGOSTITELJSTVU U SKLADU SA PRINCIPIMA DOBRE PRAKSE I SISTEMA ANALIZE OPASNOSTI I KRITIČNIH KONTROLNIH TAČAKA
Authors: KARABASIĹ Neđeljko , KILIBARDA Nataša , GRBIĆ́ Slaven , BOROVČANIŃ Dušan , ĐOKOVIĆ́ Filip
Published: June 2021

Sektor ugostiteljstva predstavlja značajno mesto kada je u pitanju pojava bolesti prenosivih hranom u svetu. Restorani u okviru ugostiteljstva predstavljaju poslednja liniju odbrane hrane pre nego što ona dođe do potrošača. Ugostiteljski objekti koji pružaju usluge hrane i pića, su u obavezi da uspostave sistem za osiguranje bezbednosti hrane u skladu sa principima dobre proizvođačke i higijenske prakse i analize opasnosti i kritičnih kontrolnih tačaka (HACCP). Međutim, specifičnosti ugostiteljstva često predstavljaju barijere za uspešnu implementaciju HACCP sistema. U velikoj meri, na uspešnu primenu sistema upravljanja bezbednošću hrane, može uticati menadžment ugostiteljskih objekata. Pravilno rukovođenje ljudskim resursima, odnosno menadžment ljudskih resursa, mogao bi imati najvažniju ulogu u prevenciji bolesti prenosivih hranom u ugostiteljstvu. Dodatno, veoma je važno na pravilan način, sagledati čitav proizvodni proces i njegove specifičnosti što treba da rezultira primenom odgovarajućih kontrolnih mera kojim će se potencijalne opasnosti eliminisati ili svesti na prihvatljiv nivo. Bezbednost hrane je imperativ kada je u pitanju zdravlje potrošača, pa i efektivnost HACCP sistema, “alata” za postizanje bezbedne hrane, zavisi, između ostalog i od toga koliko je određeni subjekat u poslovanju sa hranom
uspeo da prevaziđe sve barijere koje nosi specifičnost ugostiteljskog poslovanja da motiviše svoje zaposlene.
Analysis of Implementation of Maternity Planning and Prevention of Complication (P4K) Program with Stickers in Purwakarta Regency 2017
Authors: Safitri Yunita Restu , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Published: June 2021

Pregnant women are one of the risk groups that should be considered to receive particular attention. Maternal mortality is caused by direct and indirect causes, which generally can be identified in early pregnancy. The Ministry of Health has launched various programs to reduce maternal mortality. At the community level, since 2007, there has been a birth planning and prevention of complications (P4K) program as a screening tool for pregnant women at risk by using stickers. The main point of this program is the active participation of families and communities to care for pregnant women in their environment. Purwakarta Regency, a region with uncomplicated geographical conditions, is supported by Health Human Resources (SDMKes) and Health facilities to do various programs in reducing the number of maternal deaths; one of them is P4K with stickers. In 2017, there were still 21 maternal deaths that should have been identified and referred to the hospital if the program was running well. The study aims to analyze the implementation of the P4K Sticker at the District Level. This research is qualitative research with in-depth interviewing techniques involving 12 informants and related documents, according to the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation based on 6 (six) variables. This study found that the standard and policy objectives have not been fully achieved. There is still insufficient funding to support the program optimally. In terms of communication, there still a different understanding between the Health Office and Primary Healthcare Center. Despite there are still constraints on the number of human resources, the program's attitude is supportive.  Economic and political situations are good, but social conditions are not supportive. The conclusion is that the program's implementation still has constraints in each variable. Existing program barriers can be overcome by optimizing inter-organizational communication, in this case, the District Health Office with Primary Healthcare Center, to have a common understanding regarding the implementation of Sticker P4K.
Corporate Governance Policy Implementation Analysis using D. Wayne Taylor Theory. Case Study: Dental and Oral Hospital by Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia (RSKGM FKG UI) in 2019
Authors: Putri Yusnur Mauliana Dranie , Masyitoh Masyitoh
Published: June 2021

Corporate Governance is a term that is related to the direction and control of an organization, institution, or function, to fit the goals and expectations of decision makers. This research aims to conduct an analysis of corporate governance using D. Wayne Taylor’s theory by conducting a case study at the Dental and Oral Hospital by Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia (RSKGM FKG UI). The design of this research is qulitative analysis with methods of collection data through document review and in-depth interview. The results of the research are reflected in nine principles that are recognized by six incompatible principles, two principles that are appropriate, and one principle that cannot be seen in accordance with the requirements in RSKGM FKG UI that have not supported yet. Two principles that are appropriate are: the principle of the Board-CEO Relationship and the principle of the Ownership Needs.
Apical PAR complex proteins protect against programmed epithelial assaults to create a continuous and functional intestinal lumen
Authors: Sallee Maria Danielle , Pickett Melissa A , Feldman Jessica L
Published: June 2021

Sustained polarity and adhesion of epithelial cells is essential for the protection of our organs and bodies, and this epithelial integrity emerges during organ development amidst numerous programmed morphogenetic assaults. Using the developing Caenorhabditis elegans intestine as an in vivo model, we investigated how epithelia maintain their integrity through cell division and elongation to build a functional tube. Live imaging revealed that apical PAR complex proteins PAR-6/Par6 and PKC-3/aPkc remained apical during mitosis while apical microtubules and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) proteins were transiently removed. Intestine-specific depletion of PAR-6, PKC-3, and the aPkc regulator CDC-42/Cdc42 caused persistent gaps in the apical MTOC as well as in other apical and junctional proteins after cell division and in non-dividing cells that elongated. Upon hatching, gaps coincided with luminal constrictions that blocked food, and larvae arrested and died. Thus, the apical PAR complex maintains apical and junctional continuity to construct a functional intestinal tube.
A functional model of adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis
Authors: Gozel Olivia , Gerstner Wulfram
Published: June 2021

In adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis, the link between maturation of newborn neurons and their function, such as behavioral pattern separation, has remained puzzling. By analyzing a theoretical model, we show that the switch from excitation to inhibition of the GABAergic input onto maturing newborn cells is crucial for their proper functional integration. When the GABAergic input is excitatory, cooperativity drives the growth of synapses such that newborn cells become sensitive to stimuli similar to those that activate mature cells. When GABAergic input switches to inhibitory, competition pushes the configuration of synapses onto newborn cells toward stimuli that are different from previously stored ones. This enables the maturing newborn cells to code for concepts that are novel, yet similar to familiar ones. Our theory of newborn cell maturation explains both how adult-born dentate granule cells integrate into the preexisting network and why they promote separation of similar but not distinct patterns.
BET family members Bdf1/2 modulate global transcription initiation and elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Donczew Rafal , Hahn Steven
Published: June 2021

Human bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family members are promising targets for therapy of cancer and immunoinflammatory diseases, but their mechanisms of action and functional redundancies are poorly understood. Bdf1/2, yeast homologues of the human BET factors, were previously proposed to target transcription factor TFIID to acetylated histone H4, analogous to bromodomains that are present within the largest subunit of metazoan TFIID. We investigated the genome-wide roles of Bdf1/2 and found that their important contributions to transcription extend beyond TFIID function as transcription of many genes is more sensitive to Bdf1/2 than to TFIID depletion. Bdf1/2 co-occupy the majority of yeast promoters and affect preinitiation complex formation through recruitment of TFIID, Mediator, and basal transcription factors to chromatin. Surprisingly, we discovered that hypersensitivity of genes to Bdf1/2 depletion results from combined defects in transcription initiation and early elongation, a striking functional similarity to human BET proteins, most notably Brd4. Our results establish Bdf1/2 as critical for yeast transcription and provide important mechanistic insights into the function of BET proteins in all eukaryotes.
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo) Pulp Flour and Acceptability of its Inclusion in Cake
Authors: Joy Eke-Ejiofor , Chidinma Victor-Uku Esther , Akusu M. O.
Published: June 2021

A study of the Physico-chemical and functional properties of pumpkin / wheat flour blends and sensory attributes of cakes made from the flour blends where evaluated in the food science laboratory of Rivers State University. The physico-chemical analysis were carried out using standard AOAC methods with 100% wheat flour serving as control. Result of chemical analysis of wheat/pumpkin composite flour blends ranged from 6 .51 – 11.78%, 0.58 – 6.74%, 5.81 – 11.97%, 0.90 – 1.56%, 0.51 – 6.93% and 72.22 – 73.68% for moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber and carbohydrate, respectively.  There was a decrease in moisture, fat, protein and carbohydrate and an increase in ash, and crude fiber as the level of pumpkin flour substitution increased.  Starch, amylose and amylopectin ranged from 37.68 – 83.82%, 8.76 – 24.64 % and 28.92 – 59.18%, respectively. The lowest starch (37.68%) content was recorded in pumpkin flour made entirely of pumpkin. Depending on the mixing ratios between flour and pumpkin flour, a wide range of functional properties were recorded, including 1.04 – 5.30 ml/g water absorption capacity, 0.58 – 0.61 g/ml bulk density, 8.50 – 16.50% least gelation concentration, 1.07 – 54.26% foaming capacity, 0.00 – 27.84% foaming stability, 53.71 – 93.33% swelling capacity, 45.46 – 48.49% emulsion capacity and 35.50 – 56.02% emulsion stability. Sensory evaluation of the cakes showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in general acceptability between the control and up to 70% substitution with pumpkin flour. The scores ranged from 2.61 – 8.22, 4.13 – 7.13, 5.04 – 7.70, 3.87 – 7.70 and 2.74 – 7.83 for taste, appearance, colour, mouthfeel and general acceptability respectively.  Incorporation of pumpkin flour to wheat flour increased the ash and crude fiber content of the composite flour.
Centenário do Professor Penildon Silva
Authors: Costa Lília Ferreira de Moura
Published: June 2021

Todos aqueles que tiveram o privilégio de conviver com o Professor Penildon Silva certamente são capazes de testemunhar que este ilustre Professor estampava de forma muito expontânea, as características de um verdadeiro educador, reveladas nas concepções de educação e de ensino sempre presentes nos seus discursos
APRENDENDO COM VIDEOGAMES: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE LETRAMENTOS, LÍNGUA INGLESA E EXPERIÊNCIAS DISPONÍVEIS EM UM JOGO DE SIMULAÇÃO
Authors: Gallardo Bárbara Cristina , Parada Edina Flores , Martins Geovane Aparecido
Published: June 2021

Neste estudo, investigamos as estratégias de compreensão da língua inglesa, utilizadas para se jogar o videogame Power & Revolution: Geopolitical Simulator 4, os aspectos motivacionais desse jogo e as contribuições potenciais para o ensino formal. Embasamo-nos, principalmente, nas discussões sobre letramentos digitais, novos letramentos, gamificação, discurso e motivação. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, cujos instrumentos de coleta foram uma entrevista e a observação do funcionamento do videogame. Os resultados indicaram que o inglês serviu como mediador para o alcance de um objetivo. O aspecto lúdico e a experiência corporificada foram os fatores que motivaram o jogador, além do interesse por temas do mundo físico. Identificamos o potencial desse videogame para fomentar discussões sobre ética, cidadania e modos de se posicionar nos contextos on e offline.
A PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS: ONTEM E HOJE
Authors: Scheyerl Denise
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de relato histórico da Pós-graduação no Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia, com foco no atual Programa de Pós-graduação de Língua e Cultura (PPGLinC). Um dos objetivos do trabalho é dar visibilidade à pesquisa desenvolvida no ILUFBA de modo ininterrupto desde 1976. No âmbito das comemorações dos 10 anos de desmembramento do Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras e Linguística (PPGLL) em dois novos Programas de Pós-graduação, descreve-se a estrutura curricular do PPGLinC, de 2010 a 2020. Ao final do artigo, vislumbra-se a atual estrutura do PPGLinC. O Programa constitui-se de duas áreas de pesquisa e três linhas em cada uma. A Área 1, História e Funcionamento das Línguas Naturais, tem as linhas: (i) Linguística Histórica, Filologia e História da Cultura Escrita, (ii) Dialetologia e Sociolinguística e (iii) Teoria da Gramática. A Área 2, Linguagem e Interação, engloba as linhas: (i) Aquisição de Línguas, Tradução e Acessibilidade, (ii) Linguística Aplicada e (iii) Linguagem, Cognição e Discurso.
SOB A MESMA TEMPESTADE, NO BARCO DA VIDA HUMANA: UMA LEITURA LINGUÍSTICO-COGNITIVA DO DISCURSO DO PAPA FRANCISCO EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Jamison Kaline Girão , Vanin Aline Aver
Published: June 2021

Neste trabalho buscamos investigar os modelos cognitivos idealizados que estruturam a expressão “estamos todos no mesmo barco” na Oração Urbi et Orbi Extraordinária, presidida pelo Papa Francisco no dia 27 de março de 2020, que objetivou ajudar no enfrentamento dos efeitos emocionais ocasionados pela pandemia de COVID-19. Selecionamos seis excertos do discurso papal e analisamos os mecanismos linguístico-cognitivos subjacentes aos elementos lexicais dentro de uma mesma categoria conceptual (VIAGEM DE BARCO). A análise ocorre à luz da Linguística Cognitiva, sob o prisma teórico dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (LAKOFF, 1987; JOHNSON, 1987) e numa perspectiva sociodiscursiva. Por meio das hierarquias de herança da Metáfora de Estrutura de Eventos (LAKOFF, 1993), identificamos que o discurso papal foi estruturado principalmente pelas metáforas: DIFICULDADES VIVENCIADAS COLETIVAMENTE SÃO VIAGENS DENTRO DO MESMO VEÍCULO e PANDEMIA É UMA TEMPESTADE.
METÁFORAS MULTIMODAIS: A PERCEPÇÃO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 ATRAVÉS DE CHARGES
Authors: Yamashita Santos Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa de forma qualitativa o modo como a pandemia da COVID-19 é descrita em três charges selecionadas através de pesquisa no buscador Google. Utilizando o cabedal teórico oriundo da Linguística Cognitiva, pretendemos compreender como o discurso a respeito da pandemia tem sido construído, enfatizando o olhar sobre algumas estruturas cognitivas, como a metáfora e o frame que alicerçam a organização conceitual das charges selecionadas. Desse modo, o frame que é enquadrado na charge é subsidiado por uma metáfora multimodal que constrói determinado efeito discursivo, como ironia, humor etc. Esse efeito de sentido permite analisarmos alguns dos aspectos que têm construído os modelos culturais, com vistas a reflexão sobre este cenário em que nos encontramos. Entender COVID-19 como uma doença viral nos permite dimensionar o processo discursivo pelo qual a pandemia tem sido compreendida.
Translational challenges of remote ischemic conditioning in ischemic stroke – a systematic review
Authors: Hansen Line Fuglsang , Nielsen Nicholine S. K. , Christoffersen Laura Cathrine , Kruuse Christina
Published: June 2021

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has well‐established cardioprotective effects in preclinical studies and promising results in preclinical stroke research. Effective translation from preclinical studies to clinical trials has yet to be accomplished, perhaps because of the use of multiple applications of RIC (e.g., pre‐, per‐, or post‐conditioning) in preclinical studies by both invasive and non‐invasive protocols, some of which not clinically applicable. Our systematic review conformed to PRISMA guidelines and addressed differences in clinically relevant RIC applications and outcomes between preclinical and clinical studies. We retrieved a total of 30 studies (8 human; 22 animal) that met the inclusion criteria of testing clinically relevant procedures; namely, non‐invasive and per‐ or post‐conditioning protocols. Per‐conditioning was applied in 6 animal and 3 human studies, post‐conditioning was applied in 16 animal and 5 human studies, and both conditioning methods were applied in 2 animal studies. Application of RIC varied between human and animal studies regarding initiation, duration, repetition, and number of limbs included. Study designs did not systematically apply blinding, randomization, or placebo controls. On only a few occasions did preclinical studies include animals with clinically relevant comorbidities. Clinical trials were challenged by not completing the intended number of RIC cycles or addressing this deficit in the data analysis. Consistency and transferability of methods used for positive animal studies and subsequent human studies are essential for the optimal translation of results. Consensus on preclinical and clinical RIC procedures should be reached for a full understanding of the possible beneficial effects of RIC treatment in stroke.
Transient Rechargeable Battery with a High Lithium Transport Number Cellulosic Separator
Authors: Mittal Neeru , Ojanguren Alazne , Cavasin Nicola , Lizundia Erlantz , Niederberger Markus
Published: June 2021

Transient batteries play a pivotal role in the development of fully autonomous transient devices, which are designed to degrade after a period of stable operation. Here, a new transient separator‐electrolyte pair is introduced for lithium ion batteries. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are selectively located onto the nanopores of polyvinyl alcohol membranes, providing mobile ions to interact with the liquid electrolyte. After lithiation of CNCs, membranes with electrolyte uptake of 510 wt%, ionic conductivities of 3.077 mS·cm–1, electrochemical stability of 5.5 V versus Li/Li+, and high Li+ transport numbers are achieved. Using an organic electrolyte, the separators enable stable Li metal deposition with no dendrite growth, delivering 94 mAh·g–1 in Li/LiFePO4 cells at 100 mA·g–1 after 200 cycles. To make the separator‐electrolyte pair transient and non‐toxic, the organic electrolyte is replaced by a biocompatible ionic liquid. As a proof of concept, a fully transient Li/V2O5 cell is assembled, delivering 55 mAh·g–1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA·g–1. Thanks to the reversible Li plating/stripping, dendrite growth suppression, capacity retention, and degradability, these materials hold a bright future in the uptake of circular economy concepts applied to the energy storage field.
A Chlorinated Donor Polymer Achieving High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with a Wide Range of Polymer Molecular Weight
Authors: Zeng Anping , Ma Xiaoling , Pan Mingao , Chen Yuzhong , Ma Ruijie , Zhao Heng , Zhang Jianquan , Kim Ha Kyung , Shang Ao , Luo Siwei , Angunawela Indunil Chathurangani , Chang Yuan , Qi Zhenyu , Sun Huiliang , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Ade Harald , Ma Wei , Zhang Fujun , Yan He
Published: June 2021

In the field of non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), compared to the rapid development of non‐fullerene acceptors, the progress of high‐performance donor polymers is relatively slow. The property and performance of donor polymers in OSCs are often sensitive to the molecular weight of the polymers. In this study, a chlorinated donor polymer named D18‐Cl is reported, which can achieve high performance with a wide range of polymer molecular weight. The devices based on D18‐Cl show a higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC) due to the slightly deeper energy levels and an outstanding short‐circuit current density (JSC) owing to the appropriate long periods of blend films and less ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) (PC71BM) in mixed domains, leading to the higher efficiency of 17.97% than those of the D18‐based devices (17.21%). Meanwhile, D18‐Cl can achieve high efficiencies (17.30–17.97%) when its number‐averaged molecular weight (Mn) is ranged from 45 to 72 kDa. In contrast, the D18‐based devices only exhibit relatively high efficiencies in a narrow Mn range of ≈70 kDa. Such property and performance make D18‐Cl a promising donor polymer for scale‐up and low‐cost production.
Synergistic Molecular Engineering of Hole‐Injecting Conducting Polymers Overcomes Luminescence Quenching in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ahn Soyeong , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Sungjin , Park Jinwoo , Li Nannan , Heo Jung‐Min , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Dong Jin , Hong Byung Hee , Lee Jin Yong , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: June 2021

Electroluminescence efficiency and operating stability of solution‐processed perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are limited by luminescence quenching induced by indium or tin released from indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode upon deposition of highly acidic conventional hole injection layer (HIL) (i.e., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)) and inefficient hole injection into perovskite emitting layer. Here, a synergistic molecular strategy to develop a neutralized gradient HIL, which possesses low acidity and high work function (WF) simultaneously, is proposed. First, it is shown that aniline with relatively low basicity and dipole moment efficiently neutralizes HIL while maintaining its original confirmation and high WF. Both acidity‐neutralizing aniline and WF‐modifying agent (perfluorinated ionomer) are incorporated into PEDOT:PSS to achieve high pH ≈ 6 and WF > 5.8 eV, which suppresses etching of underlying ITO and luminescence quenching while maintaining efficient hole injection into perovskite emitting layer. With this synergetic molecular engineering, high current efficiency = 52.55 cd A−1 with extended operating lifetime is achieved in PeLEDs that use colloidal formamidinium lead bromide nanoparticle films. This result provides a simple and efficient way to develop efficient and stable PeLEDs in industrial displays and solid‐state lighting.
Extirpated prairie species demonstrate more variable phenological responses to warming than extant congeners
Authors: Zettlemoyer Meredith A. , Renaldi Katarina , Muzyka Michael D. , Lau Jennifer A.
Published: June 2021

PREMISE

Shifting phenology in response to climate is one mechanism that can promote population persistence and geographic spread; therefore, species with limited ability to phenologically track changing environmental conditions may be more susceptible to population declines. Alternatively, apparently nonresponding species may demonstrate divergent responses to multiple environmental conditions experienced across seasons.

METHODS

Capitalizing on herbarium records from across the midwestern United States and on detailed botanical surveys documenting local extinctions over the past century, we investigated whether extirpated and extant taxa differ in their phenological responses to temperature and precipitation during winter and spring (during flowering and the growing season before flowering) or in the magnitude of their flowering time shift over the past century.

RESULTS

Although warmer temperatures across seasons advanced flowering, extirpated and extant species differed in the magnitude of their phenological responses to winter and spring warming. Extirpated species demonstrated inconsistent phenological responses to warmer spring temperatures, whereas extant species consistently advanced flowering in response to warmer spring temperatures. In contrast, extirpated species advanced flowering more than extant species in response to warmer winter temperatures. Greater spring precipitation tended to delay flowering for both extirpated and extant taxa. Finally, both extirpated and extant taxa delayed flowering over time.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the importance of understanding phenological responses to seasonal warming and indicates that extirpated species may demonstrate more variable phenological responses to temperature than extant congeners, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that appropriate phenological responses may reduce species’ likelihood of extinction.
Efficacy of inferior turbinate reduction in pediatric patients: a prospective analysis
Authors: Whelan Rachel L. , Shaffer Amber D. , Stapleton Amanda L.
Published: June 2021

Background

Chronic nasal congestion is a common presentation in the pediatric setting. For patients who fail to respond to maximal medical therapy and adenoidectomy, inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) may be a reasonable adjuvant surgical approach. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate nasal congestion symptoms and daily medication use in the year following ITR in children with and without allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

Patients younger than 18 years undergoing ITR alone or in combination with nonsinonasal procedures were enrolled. Scores from the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) survey were collected preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively from 96 patients. Number and type of pertinent daily medications utilized were also analyzed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank and McNemar's tests. Patients with and without comorbid AR were then compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.

Results

Median (range) NOSE sum scores significantly improved from preoperative median of 65 out of 100 points (0–100) to 20 (0–100), (z = 7.12, p < 0.001) at 12 months postoperatively. The median number of daily medications was significantly reduced from 1 (range, 0–4) preoperatively to 0 (range, 0–5) postoperatively (z = 2.38, p = 0.017). Fifty‐six (58.3%) patients had AR. AR patients received more medications preoperatively and postoperatively compared with those without AR (z = −2.96, p = 0.003; z = −2.23, p = 0.024). At 12 months, NOSE scores remained significantly greater in patients with AR compared with those without AR (β = 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.676–22.5; p = 0.038).

Conclusion

Our data highlight the need for a multimodal approach to chronic nasal congestion, particularly in children with AR.
Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending
Authors: Whitfield Richard , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: June 2021

The breadth and the shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly influence fundamental polymer properties that are critical for various applications. However, current approaches require the extensive synthesis of multiple polymers, are limited in dispersity precision and are typically incapable of simultaneously controlling both the dispersity and the shape of molecular weight distributions. Here we report a simplified approach, whereby on mixing two polymers (one of high Đ and one of low Đ), any intermediate dispersity value can be obtained (e.g. from 1.08 to 1.84). Unrivalled precision is achieved, with dispersity values obtained to even the nearest 0.01 (e.g. 1.37→1.38→1.39→1.40→1.41→1.42→1.43→1.44→1.45), while maintaining fairly monomodal molecular weight distributions. This approach was also employed to control the shape of molecular weight distributions and to obtain diblock copolymers with high dispersity accuracy. The straightforward nature of our methodology alongside its compatibility with a wide range of polymerisation protocols (e.g. ATRP, RAFT), significantly expands the toolbox of tailored polymeric materials and makes them accessible to all researchers.
Photoinduced Self‐Assembly of Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots
Authors: Xing Zheng , Dong Kaituo , Pavlopoulos Nick , Chen Yuexing , Amirav Lilac
Published: June 2021

The study of nanocrystal self‐assembly into superlattices or superstructures is of great significance in nanoscience. Carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs), being a promising new group of nanomaterials, however, have hardly been explored in their self‐organizing behavior. Here we report of a unique irradiation‐triggered self‐assembly and recrystallization phenomenon of crystalline CNQDs (c‐CNQDs) terminated by abundant oxygen‐containing groups. Unlike the conventional self‐assembly of nanocrystals into ordered superstructures, the photoinduced self‐assembly of c‐CNQDs resembles a “click reaction” process of macromolecules, in which the activated ‐OH and ‐NH2 functional groups along the perimeters initiate cross‐linking of adjacent QDs through a photocatalytic effect. Our findings unveil fundamental physiochemical features of CNQDs and open up new possibilities of manipulating carbon nitride nanomaterials via controlled assembly. Prospects for potential applications are discussed as well.
Insight into two unusual stable homomultinuclear copper (II)‐based bis (salamo)‐type complexes
Authors: Li Peng , Li Li‐Li , Li Shi‐Zhen , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: June 2021

Using symmetrical bis (salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand H3L and Cu (ClO4)2·6H2O in different solvent systems, two unusual homomultinuclear Cu (II) complexes, [Cu4(L)2(CH3CH2OH)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (1) and [Cu2(L)]n (ClO4)n·nCH3CN (2), were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Hirshfeld surfaces analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complex 1 includes [Cu4(L)2(CH3CH2OH)2]2+ ion, two ClO4− counter anions, two coordinated ethanol molecules and two aquatic dissociative molecules, the two deprotonated ligand (L)3− units package around four Cu (II) ions yield a centrosymmetric helical molecules with a charged linear folding center, while complex 2 forms a 1‐D linear topology structure and is only the substitution of chloroform in the solvent system of complex 1 with acetonitrile. Coordination mode of complex 2 is widely different from that of complex 1. In the Cu (II) ions of complex 1, there are two coordination modes of Cu (II) ions, the hexa‐coordinated distorted octahedral structure and the penta‐coordinated distorted tetragonal pyramid structure, but complex 2 only has almost perfect tetragonal pyramid geometry. Fluorescence properties of H3L and its complexes 1 and 2 have also been explored.
Biomechanical performance of the cranio‐mandibular complex of the small notosuchian Araripesuchus gomesii (Notosuchia, Uruguaysuchidae)
Authors: Nieto Mauro N. , Degrange Federico J. , Sellers Kaleb C. , Pol Diego , Holliday Casey M.
Published: June 2021

Notosuchia is a clade of crocodyliforms that was highly successful and diverse in the Cretaceous of Gondwana. Araripesuchus gomesii is a small notosuchian from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil that belongs to Uruguaysuchidae, one of the subgroups of notosuchians that first radiated, during the Aptian–Albian. Here we present a finite element analysis of A. gomesii based on a model reconstructed from CT scans and performed using published bone properties for crocodiles. The adductor musculature and their respective attachment areas were reconstructed based on Extant Phylogenetic Bracket. Different functional scenarios were tested applying an estimated 158 N bite force: unilateral bite, bilateral bite, pullback, head‐shake, and head‐twist. The results obtained were compared with those of Alligator mississippiensis, one of its closest living relatives. In the different simulations, the skull and lower jaws of Araripesuchus suffers more stress in the head‐shake movement, followed by the unilateral and pullback bites with stress focalized in the premaxillary region. In contrast, the head‐twist is the one with smaller stress values. Araripesuchus possess an oreinirostral skull that may provide greater overall resistance in the different scenarios on average, unlike Alligator that has a platyrostral skull with less resistance to dorsoventral mechanical loads. Previous hypotheses that considered A. gomesii as omnivorous coupled with our results, its small size, and likely limited bite force, suggest this taxon probably fed on small prey and other trophic items that could catch and handle entirely with its mouth, such as insects and small vertebrates.
Process optimization, metabolic engineering interventions and commercialization of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates production – A state‐of‐the art review
Authors: Lhamo Pema , Behera Shishir Kumar , Mahanty Biswanath
Published: June 2021

Background

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced using renewable resources could be the best alternative for conventional plastics. Despite their incredible potential, commercial production of PHAs remains very low. Nevertheless, sincere attempts have been made by researchers to improve the yield and economic viability of PHA production by utilizing low‐cost agricultural or industrial wastes. In this context, the use of efficient microbial culture or consortia, adoption of experimental design to trace ideal growth conditions, nutritional requirements, and intervention of metabolic engineering tools have gained significant attention.

Purpose and scope

This review has been structured to highlight the important microbial sources for PHA production, use of conventional and non‐conventional substrates, product optimization using experimental design, metabolic engineering strategies, and global players in the commercialization of PHA in the past two decades. The challenges about PHA recovery and analysis have also been discussed which possess indirect hurdle while expanding the horizon of PHA‐based bioplastics.

Selection of appropriate microorganism and substrate plays a vital role in improving the productivity and characteristics of PHAs. Experimental design‐based bioprocess, use of metabolic engineering tools, and optimal product recovery techniques are invaluable in this dimension.

Conclusion

Optimization strategies, which are being explored in isolation, need to be logically integrated for the successful commercialization of microbial PHAs.
Surgical resection and survival outcomes in metastatic young adult colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Arhin Nina D. , Shen Chan , Bailey Christina E. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Ciombor Kristen K. , Hopkins Michael B. , Geiger Timothy M. , Kam Audrey E. , Roth Marc T. , Lebeck Lee Cody M. , Lapelusa Michael , Dasari Arvind , Eng Cathy
Published: June 2021

Background

The incidence of colorectal cancer in adults younger than age 50 has increased with rates expected to continue to increase over the next decade. The objective of this study is to examine the survival benefit of surgical resection (primary and/or metastatic) versus palliative therapy in this patient population.

Methods

We identified 6708 young adults aged 18–45 years diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) from 2004 to 2015 from the SEER database. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimation, log rank test, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Sixty‐three percent of patients in our study underwent primary tumor resection (PTR), with 40% undergoing PTR alone and 23% undergoing both resection of primary disease and metastasectomy. The median OS for patients who underwent both PTR and metastasectomy was 36 months, compared to 13 months for those who did not receive any surgical intervention. The multivariate analysis showed significant OS benefit of receiving both PTR and metastasectomy (HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.31–0.37, p < 0.001) compared to palliative therapy. Undergoing PTR only and metastasectomy only were also associated with improved OS (HR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.43–0.49, p < 0.001 and HR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55–0.76, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

This is the largest observational study to evaluate survival outcomes in young‐onset mCRC patients and the role of surgical intervention of the primary and/or metastatic site. Our study provides evidence of statistically significant increase in OS for young mCRC patients who undergo surgical intervention of the primary and/or metastatic site.
Influencer marketing in China: The roles of parasocial identification, consumer engagement, and inferences of manipulative intent
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ju , Lin Jhih‐Syuan (Elaine) , Shan Yan
Published: June 2021

Considering trends in influencer marketing, this research explores the mechanism by which Chinese consumers develop responses to branded content on social media, especially the key psychological factors that may positively or negatively affect that process. To substantiate the proposed conceptual frameworks, we used data from a nationwide online survey (N = 511) conducted in China. The results revealed that consumers' parasocial identification with social media influencers contributed to their engagement with, trust in, and attitude toward branded content associated with the influencers. Their engagement with branded content also mediated the relationships between parasocial identification and trust in as well as attitude toward such content. Beyond that, inferences of manipulative intent played a significant role in moderating those indirect effects. The findings are interpreted in terms of theoretical and managerial implications.
Molecular Gears: From Solution to Surfaces
Authors: Gisbert Yohan , Abid Seifallah , Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël
Published: June 2021

This review highlights the major efforts devoted to the development of molecular gears over the past 40 years, from pioneering covalent bis‐triptycyl systems undergoing intramolecular correlated rotation in solution, to the most recent examples of gearing systems anchored on a surface, which allow intermolecular transmission of mechanical power. Emphasis is laid on the different strategies devised progressively to control the architectures of molecular bevel and spur gears, as intramolecular systems in solution or intermolecular systems on surfaces, while aiming at increased efficiency, complexity and functionality.
Effect of thermal boundary conditions on heat transfer performance of liquid–liquid Taylor flow through a microchannel with obstruction
Authors: Sankepally Chandrasekhar , Patel Akash , Vysyaraju Raju R. K.
Published: June 2021

Two‐phase Taylor flow through microchannels has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its enhanced heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer rate of two‐phase flow is higher than the basic primary fluid flow through the same microchannel. This higher heat transfer rate is further improved by droplet manipulation techniques along with various thermal boundary conditions, which is the aim of the present work. In this novel work, the numerical investigation was carried out on liquid–liquid Taylor flow and heat transfer characteristics through a 2D rectangular microchannel with an obstruction in the path. The effect of capillary number, size, and position of the obstruction on heat transfer behaviour of Taylor flow was also analyzed. The height and length of the microchannel were taken as 100 and 3000 μm, respectively. Water and mineral oil were taken as working fluids. Results show that the Nusselt number of Taylor flow with obstruction increases by 76% compared to single‐phase flow and significantly increases over the Taylor flow without obstruction. Further, the study explored the effect of modulated wall temperature on Taylor flow heat transfer for optimum parameters of capillary number, size, and position of the obstruction and an improvement of 290% was achieved in heat transfer compared to that of single‐phase flows.
Multi‐agent decentralized microgrids planning considering long‐term demand response model
Authors: Nemati Bizhan , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hassan
Published: June 2021

Demand‐side management resources, such as demand response programs (DRPs) are useful options for the reduction of energy cost according to the viewpoint of department of energy. Utilizing these resources in long‐term studies like generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) needs long‐term modeling. In this article, the GTEP was developed considering long‐term model of DRPs using a cooperative game theory approach to minimize the total cost of microgrids (MGs). A two‐level decision‐making method was used to develop this model. On the top level, investment decisions were cooperatively made by MGs and a stochastic chance‐constrained mixed integer linear programming formulation was modeled for investment decisions with operational uncertainties on the bottom level. The self‐sufficiency index was also considered that guarantees supply of sensitive loads in islanding mode. Effectiveness of the proposed model was shown by numerical studies in three cases where in Case 1, load of each smart MG (SMG) will be supplied using its own resources and trading with the retail market. In Case 2, SMGs can also trade with each other in non‐cooperative (profitable) approach and in Case 3, SMGs can trade with each other in cooperative approach. The total cost of SMGs was decreased in Case 2 compared to the previous case by 2.62%, which was due to the use of other SMGs' resources to provide load. Also, the total cost of SMGs was decreased in Case 3 compared to the two previous cases (2.92% and 0.3% decrease compared to the Cases 1 and 2, respectively), which was due to cooperative approach taken by SMGs in this case. In this approach, SMGs provide each other's load without additional cost and try to minimize the total cost of all the SMGs.
The neuroprotective effects of alpha‐lipoic acid on an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease in PC12 cells
Authors: Pei Xinrong , Hu Fangyan , Luo Feiya , Huang Xianglu , Li Xiaoling , Xing Shuxia , Long Dingxin
Published: June 2021

With the growth of the aging population, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased and influenced the work and daily life of AD patients, imposing a heavy burden on society and the patients' families. AD is a progressive disease with a long duration, and the pathogenesis is very complicated. Here, we found that alpha‐lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous, naturally synthesized compound, could attenuate amyloid beta fragment (Aβ25–35)‐induced PC12 cell toxicity. Aβ25–35 treatment largely decreased the viability of PC12 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, which were accompanied by changes in the expression of the apoptosis‐related genes. Further, the Wnt pathway was inactivated, and the expression of Wnt pathway‐related proteins such as Frizzled2, GSK3β, and phosphorylated GSK3β were dysregulated after Aβ25–35 treatment. LA efficiently attenuated Aβ25–35‐induced PC12 cell apoptosis and downregulated the phosphorylation‐mediated degradation of β‐catenin as well as GSK3β. Our results demonstrate that LA rescues Aβ25–35‐induced neurocytotoxicity through the Wnt–β‐catenin pathway.