bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal attachment insecurity and poorer proficiency savoring memories with their children
Authors: Bond David Kyle , Borelli Jessica L.
Published: September 2016

Relational savoring is the process of focusing one’s attention on the pleasurable parts of a relationship experience, and recent work has explored its relation to attachment styles. This study examined the relationship between attachment insecurity and the quality of responses to a relational savoring task among 63 mothers of children aged 9–12, testing the hypothesis that rumination mediated the relationship between greater attachment insecurity and lower quality savoring responses. Quality of savoring responses was measured two ways—on a macro level, via a global coding measure, as well as on a micro level, using word count analysis. Results indicated that greater attachment insecurity was related to lower quality relational savoring responses, and that in the case of attachment avoidance, maternal rumination mediated this relationship. These findings underscore the link between maternal attachment insecurity and poorer quality savoring, with preliminary cross-sectional findings pointing to rumination as an indirect effect explaining the link between attachment avoidance and poorer quality savoring. An inability to relish the positive aspects of parent–child interactions may be one factor underlying insecure parents’ insensitive caregiving and their diminished satisfaction in parenting. If replicated, these findings could have implications for clinical intervention using relational savoring.
The role of parents and peers on adolescents’ prosocial behavior and substance use
Authors: Lee Chien-Ti , Padilla-Walker Laura M. , Memmott-Elison Madison K.
Published: September 2016

The focus of this study was to understand both parental and peer influence on adolescents’ prosocial and substance use outcomes. Data were drawn from the Flourishing Families Project, which consisted of 500 individuals ( Mage at Time 1 = 11.83; 51.6% female; 33% were from single-parent families) who participated at six time points, each approximately 1 year apart. Results suggest that parental warmth (at Time 2) was associated with self-regulation (Time 3), which was then associated with prosocial and deviant peer association (Time 4). Peer association was in turn related to prosocial behaviors and substance use (Time 7). Discussion focused on the role that both parents and peers play on adolescent outcomes and suggests that while peer influence during mid-adolescence is significantly linked with behavioral outcomes in late adolescence, early adolescent experiences of parental warmth also have indirect effects on the outcomes.
A Justified Plan Graph (JPG) grammar approach to identifying spatial design patterns in an architectural style
Authors: Lee Ju Hyun , Ostwald Michael J , Gu Ning
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a hybrid approach that selectively merges aspects of both the theories of Shape Grammar and Space Syntax to investigate spatial design patterns. The paper describes the development of a generic Justified Plan Graph (g-JPG) grammar. This grammatically nuanced, syntactically derived approach is then demonstrated through a more specific JPG (s-JPG) grammar to identify spatial design patterns in the rural domestic architecture of Glenn Murcutt. The results are then discussed in terms of Murcutt's architecture from four perspectives: grammatical transformation of syntax, epistemological questions, similarity or disparity and finally in terms of JPG variations. The findings of this paper suggest that the combined analytic approach facilitates the exploration of both the grammatical and syntactical genotypes of sets of architectural designs.
Socialism’s struggles with Eros: Politics of the body in Cuba and China
Authors: Ossewaarde Marinus
Published: September 2016

In this review essay, the problematic relationship between socialism and eroticism is discussed, in defense of the erotic. The purpose of this essay is to keep sociological focus on the erotic sphere as a central source of creativity and transformation. The erotic – the transfiguration of sexual energy into cultural inventiveness by the imagination – is thought of as containing the potential to mitigate everyday disenchantment in rationalized worlds such as socialism. Megan Daigle’s From Cuba with Love and Everett Yuehong Zhang’s The Impotence Epidemic are reviewed as two important, fascinating, and well-investigated accounts of the erotic sphere in societies in which socialist regimes imprint their schemes of rationalization. Through a discussion of their works, this essay seeks to find out what happens with the erotic when eroticism is outlawed and the body is governed according to socialist doctrines, and made available for state intervention.
Politics, recognition, and personality: Selfhood and social change in late modernity
Authors: Lynch Andrew P
Published: September 2016

This essay reviews two recently published books that focus on a range of pressures faced by individuals in a time of rapid social transformation brought on by technological disruption, which is taking place against a backdrop of unresolved social conflicts in areas as diverse as multiculturalism and postsecularism. Key themes addressed by these volumes include, among other things, narcissism and capitalist consumer culture, with the concomitant influence that the intersection of these is having on democracy; and the theory of recognition and its relevance to the question of how individual freedom can be reconciled with commitments to community interests and the promotion of the public good in areas such as education, religion, and employment. This essay argues that these books will be helpful to researchers studying the many social challenges that both individuals and communities are currently experiencing in times of socioeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty. Furthermore, these books each contribute to the intellectual projects of authors such as Jürgen Habermas and Charles Taylor, who are concerned with analyzing the tensions between communitarian conceptions of the social world and modernity’s commitment to individualism and progress.
Constraining movement reveals motor capability in chronic stroke: an initial study
Authors: Martinez Clarisa A , Mintz Emily , Ecsedy Andrea E , Fisher Beth E
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To determine if persons with chronic stroke and decreased hip and knee flexion during swing can walk with improved swing-phase kinematics when the task demands constrained gait to the sagittal plane.

Design:

A one-day, within-subject design comparing gait kinematics under two conditions: Unconstrained treadmill walking and a constrained condition in which the treadmill walking space is reduced to limit limb advancement to occur in the sagittal plane.

Setting:

Outpatient physical therapy clinic.

Subjects:

Eight individuals (mean age, 64.1 ±9.3, 2 F) with mild-moderate paresis were enrolled.

Main measures:

Spatiotemporal gait characteristics and swing-phase hip and knee range of motion during unconstrained and constrained treadmill walking were compared using paired t-test and Cohen’s d ( d) to determine effect size.

Results:

There was a significant, moderate-to-large effect of the constraint on hip flexion ( p < 0.001, d = –1.1) during initial swing, and hip ( p < 0.05, d = –0.8) and knee ( p < 0.001, d = –1.1) flexion during midswing. There was a moderate effect of constraint on terminal swing knee flexion ( p = 0.238, d = –0.6). Immediate and significant changes in step width ( p < 0.05, d = 0.9) and paretic step length ( p < 0.05, d = –0.5) were noted in the constrained condition compared with unconstrained.

Conclusion:

Constraining the treadmill walking path altered the gait patterns among the study’s participants. The immediate change during constrained walking suggests that patients with chronic stroke may have underlying movement capability that they do not preferentially utilize.
Geographies of migration I
Authors: Ehrkamp Patricia
Published: August 2016

This first report on Geographies of Migration primarily centers on refugees. I first summarize some of the debates about categories scholars use to describe people who move across space. The article then discusses three prominent themes in geographic research on refugees, turning first to the securitization of migration, its spatial and territorial practices of migration management, and the reworking of borders. Next, I highlight research on the warehousing of refugees in camps and cities, and the protracted uncertainty these practices create. The third major strand of scholarship I discuss challenges ‘the refugee condition’ that deems refugees passive victims in need of intervention and focuses instead on refugees’ everyday and embodied experiences of displacement, their subjectivities and agency.
Clinical features of migraine aura: Results from a prospective diary-aided study
Authors: Viana Michele , Sances Grazia , Linde Mattias , Ghiotto Natascia , Guaschino Elena , Allena Marta , Terrazzino Salvatore , Nappi Giuseppe , Goadsby Peter J , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: August 2016

Background

A detailed evaluation of migraine aura symptoms is crucial for classification issues and pathophysiological discussion. Few studies have focused on the detailed clinical aspects of migraine aura.

Methods

We conducted a prospective diary-based study of migraine aura features including presence, quality, laterality, duration of each aura symptom, their temporal succession; presence of headache and its temporal succession with aura.

Results

Seventy-two patients completed the study recording the characteristics of three consecutive auras ( n = 216 auras). Visual symptoms occurred in 212 (98%), sensory symptoms in 77 (36%) and dysphasic symptoms in 22 (10%). Most auras had more than one visual symptom (median 2, IQR 1–3, range 1–4). The majority of patients (56%) did not report a stereotyped aura on the three attacks with respect to visual features, the combination and/or temporal succession of the three aura symptoms. Fifty-seven percent of patients also reported a different scenario of temporal succession between aura and headache in the three attacks. Five per cent of aura symptoms were longer than four hours.

Conclusion

These findings show a high inter- and intravariability of migraine with aura attacks. Furthermore, they provide reliable data to enrich and clarify the spectrum of the aura phenotype.
Biopsy-Supported Tumefactive Demyelination of the Central Nervous System in Children
Authors: Hanumanthe Seema Bangalore , Francisco Carla , Hart Janace , Graves Jennifer , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: August 2016

Pediatric tumefactive lesions remains challenging to clinicians in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The authors describe 11 children with biopsy-proven central nervous system tumefactive demyelination. The mean age of onset was 11 years. Clinical and radiological data coupled with biopsy aided in the diagnosis of tumefactive demyelination. Of the 6 cases in which oligoclonal band data were available, only 3 showed oligoclonal band in the cerebrospinal fluid. Due to poor recovery despite treatment with high-dose glucocorticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and/or plasmapheresis, 6 cases went on to receive cyclophosphamide with marked improvement. Long-term data were available on 9 cases. Eight of 9 cases were started on preventative multiple sclerosis therapy after initial presentation; 1 is pending discussion with family. Five of the 8 cases had clinical relapse during treatment. Seven cases met 2010 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis at follow-up, (1 developed secondary progressive multiple sclerosis), and 2 cases remained as clinically isolated syndrome on treatment.
Body-to-Pattern Relationships in Women’s Trouser Drafting Methods
Authors: McKinney Ellen , Gill Simeon , Dorie Amy , Roth Shannon
Published: September 2016

The authors of this study explored (a) body-to-pattern measurement and shape relationships in trouser patterns drafted by two methods; (b) the consistency of these body-to-pattern relationships between methods and between differently shaped bodies within methods; (c) the patternmaking procedures that cause these outcomes; and (d) how these findings impact garment fit, particularly for mass customization. Body-to-pattern measurement and shape relationships were inconsistent between and within methods, making them unsuitable for use in computer-aided custom patternmaking. Most strikingly, pattern crotch shapes were similar within each method, despite the fact that form crotch shapes were different. Patternmaking procedures causing these inconsistencies include (a) use of proportion of noncorresponding body measurements; (b) use of standard, rather than body, measurements; (c) variations in ease as proportions or standard amounts; (d) trueing, blending, and connecting steps; (e) variation between methods of measurements used, in use of proportions or standard measurements, and in steps; and (h) disregard of body shape.
Frequency of Eating Out at Both Fast-Food and Sit-Down Restaurants Was Associated With High Body Mass Index in Non-Large Metropolitan Communities in Midwest
Authors: Bhutani Surabhi , Schoeller Dale A. , Walsh Matthew C. , McWilliams Christine
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

We investigated the associations between frequency of eating at fast-food, fast-casual, all-you-can-eat, and sit-down restaurants and the body mass index (BMI) in non-large metro Wisconsin communities. To inform prevention efforts, we also analyzed the socioeconomic/environmental and nutrition attitudes/behavior variables that may drive the frequent eating away from home.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of an ancillary data set from the Survey of Health of Wisconsin collected between October 2012 and February 2013.

Setting:

Six Wisconsin counties: 1 classified as rural, 1 as large fringe metro, and 4 as small metro.

Subjects:

Adults ≥18 years (N = 1418).

Measures:

Field staff measured height and weight and administered a survey on the frequency of eating away from home, and socioeconomic and nutritional behavior variables.

Analysis:

Multivariable regression.

Results:

The BMI of respondents averaged 29.4 kg/m2 (39% obese). Every 1-meal/week increase in fast-food and sit-down restaurant consumption was associated with an increase in BMI by 0.8 and 0.6 kg/m2, respectively. Unavailability of healthy foods at shopping and eating venues and lack of cooking skills were both positively associated with consumption of fast-food and sit-down meals. Individuals who described their diet as healthy, who avoided high-fat foods, and who believed their diet was keeping their weight controlled did not visit these restaurants frequently.

Conclusion:

Obesity prevention efforts in non-large metro Wisconsin communities should consider socioeconomic/environmental and nutritional attitudes/behavior of residents when designing restaurant-based or community education interventions.
New Approaches to the Conceptualization and Measurement of Age and Aging
Authors: Scherbov Sergei , Sanderson Warren C.
Published: September 2016

Objective: Most studies of population aging focus on only one characteristic of people: their chronological age. Many important characteristics of people vary with age, but age-specific characteristics also vary over time and differ from place to place. We supplement traditional measures of aging with new ones that consider the changing characteristics of people. Method: The characteristics approach to measuring of population aging is employed. We provide examples of new measures of population aging using characteristics, such as remaining life expectancy, health, normal public pension age, and hand-grip strength. Results: Past and future population aging look less rapid using the characteristics approach, compared with traditional ones. For some regions, almost no aging occurred in the recent past. Discussion: Supplementing chronological age with ages that take into account the changing characteristics of people allows us to analyze aging more comprehensively and more accurately.
Disability Experience and Measurement
Authors: Verbrugge Lois M.
Published: September 2016

Top themes of international research on disability in the past three decades are discussed: disability dynamics, buffers and barriers for disability, disability trends, and disability among very old persons. Each theme is highlighted by research examples. Turning to measurement, I discuss traditional measures of disability, new longer and shorter ones, and composites like disability-free life expectancy, noting their merits. Contemporary models of disability are presented, ranging from visual images to formal theories. The article ends on how scientists can facilitate movement of disability science into health care practice and policy.
A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth
Authors: Jackson Kirsten , Weber Lukas M. , Tennant Marc
Published: September 2016

Periodontal disease of equine cheek teeth is common and may lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Limited information is available comparing the effectiveness of treatment methods. The objective of this study was to retrospectively compare the effectiveness of 4 commonly used treatments in reducing periodontal pocket depth (in addition to routine dental treatment and occlusal equilibration). The 4 treatments compared were (1) removal of feed material, lavaging the pocket with dilute chlorhexidine, and then rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash (CL); (2) CL plus placement of metronidazole into the pocket (M); (3) M plus the addition of polyvinyl siloxane temporary filling over the diastema (PVS); and (4) diastema widening to increase the interdental space, then PVS (DW). Pocket measurements were compared before and 2 to 6 months after treatment. Treatment groups CL, M, and PVS showed statistically significant reductions in pocket depth following treatment. The mean pocket depth reduction was the greatest in the DW group (and this was the only group with no cases having an increase in pocket depth), but this was not significant due to the small sample size. Additional analysis to compare effectiveness revealed a confounding effect of initial pocket depth. After accounting for this, DW was associated with smaller improvements than the other treatments, however, this was also based on a small sample size. After accounting for confounders, differences between treatments CL, M and PVS were not found to be significant, although all were associated with statistically significant reductions in pocket depth.
Biomechanical analysis of a novel hemipelvic endoprosthesis during ascending and descending stairs
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Hua Zikai , Yan Xinyi , Jin Zhongmin
Published: September 2016

In this study, the biomechanical characteristic of a newly developed adjustable hemipelvic prosthesis under dynamic loading conditions was investigated using explicit finite element method. Both intact and reconstructed pelvis models, including pelvis, femur and soft tissues, were established referring to human anatomic data using a solid geometry of a human pelvic bone. Hip contact forces during ascending stairs and descending stairs were imposed on pelvic models. Results showed that maximum von Mises stresses in reconstructed pelvis were 421.85 MPa for prostheses and 109.12 MPa for cortical bone, which were still within a low and elastic range below the yielding strength of Ti-6Al-4V and cortical bone, respectively. Besides, no significant difference of load transferring paths along pelvic rings was observed between the reconstructed pelvis and natural pelvis models. And good agreement was found between the overall distribution of maximum principal stresses in trabecular bones of reconstructed pelvis and natural pelvis, while at limited stances, principal stresses in trabecular bone of reconstructed pelvis were slightly lower than natural pelvis. The results indicated that the load transferring function of pelvis could be restored by this adjustable hemipelvic prosthesis. Moreover, the prosthesis was predicted to have a reliable short- and long-term performance. However, due to the occurrence of slightly lower principal stresses at a few stances, a porous structure applied on the interface between the prosthesis and bone would be studied in future work to obtain better long-term stability.
Ownership Status Influences the Degree of Joint Facilitatory Behavior
Authors: Constable Merryn D. , Bayliss Andrew P. , Tipper Steven P. , Spaniol Ana P. , Pratt Jay , Welsh Timothy N.
Published: September 2016

When engaging in joint activities, humans tend to sacrifice some of their own sensorimotor comfort and efficiency to facilitate a partner’s performance. In the two experiments reported here, we investigated whether ownership—a socioculturally based nonphysical feature ascribed to objects—influenced facilitatory motor behavior in joint action. Participants passed mugs that differed in ownership status across a table to a partner. We found that participants oriented handles less toward their partners when passing their own mugs than when passing mugs owned by their partners (Experiment 1) and mugs owned by the experimenter (Experiment 2). These findings indicate that individuals plan and execute actions that assist their partners but do so to a smaller degree if it is the individuals’ own property that the partners intend to manipulate. We discuss these findings in terms of underlying variables associated with ownership and conclude that a self-other distinction can be found in the human sensorimotor system.
A joint model for longitudinal and survival data based on an AR(1) latent process
Authors: Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco , Pandolfi Silvia
Published: September 2016

A critical problem in repeated measurement studies is the occurrence of nonignorable missing observations. A common approach to deal with this problem is joint modeling the longitudinal and survival processes for each individual on the basis of a random effect that is usually assumed to be time constant. We relax this hypothesis by introducing time-varying subject-specific random effects that follow a first-order autoregressive process, AR(1). We also adopt a generalized linear model formulation to accommodate for different types of longitudinal response (i.e. continuous, binary, count) and we consider some extended cases, such as counts with excess of zeros and multivariate outcomes at each time occasion. Estimation of the parameters of the resulting joint model is based on the maximization of the likelihood computed by a recursion developed in the hidden Markov literature. This maximization is performed on the basis of a quasi-Newton algorithm that also provides the information matrix and then standard errors for the parameter estimates. The proposed approach is illustrated through a Monte Carlo simulation study and the analysis of certain medical datasets.
Continuously updated network meta-analysis and statistical monitoring for timely decision-making
Authors: Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Mavridis Dimitris , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia
Published: September 2016

Pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA) are traditionally used retrospectively to assess existing evidence. However, the current evidence often undergoes several updates as new studies become available. In each update recommendations about the conclusiveness of the evidence and the need of future studies need to be made. In the context of prospective meta-analysis future studies are planned as part of the accumulation of the evidence. In this setting, multiple testing issues need to be taken into account when the meta-analysis results are interpreted. We extend ideas of sequential monitoring of meta-analysis to provide a methodological framework for updating NMAs. Based on the z-score for each network estimate (the ratio of effect size to its standard error) and the respective information gained after each study enters NMA we construct efficacy and futility stopping boundaries. A NMA treatment effect is considered conclusive when it crosses an appended stopping boundary. The methods are illustrated using a recently published NMA where we show that evidence about a particular comparison can become conclusive via indirect evidence even if no further trials address this comparison.
Modelling retinal pulsatile blood flow from video data
Authors: Betz-Stablein Brigid , Hazelton Martin L , Morgan William H
Published: September 2016

Modern day datasets continue to increase in both size and diversity. One example of such ‘big data’ is video data. Within the medical arena, more disciplines are using video as a diagnostic tool. Given the large amount of data stored within a video image, it is one of most time consuming types of data to process and analyse. Therefore, it is desirable to have automated techniques to extract, process and analyse data from video images. While many methods have been developed for extracting and processing video data, statistical modelling to analyse the outputted data has rarely been employed. We develop a method to take a video sequence of periodic nature, extract the RGB data and model the changes occurring across the contiguous images. We employ harmonic regression to model periodicity with autoregressive terms accounting for the error process associated with the time series nature of the data. A linear spline is included to account for movement between frames. We apply this model to video sequences of retinal vessel pulsation, which is the pulsatile component of blood flow. Slope and amplitude are calculated for the curves generated from the application of the harmonic model, providing clinical insight into the location of obstruction within the retinal vessels. The method can be applied to individual vessels, or to smaller segments such as 2 × 2 pixels which can then be interpreted easily as a heat map.
Moral distress and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wenwen Zhang , Xiaoyan Wu , Yufang Zhan , Lifeng Ci , Congcong Sun
Published: September 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to describe the current situation of moral distress and to explore its influencing factors among Chinese nurses.

Methods:

This is an exploratory, descriptive design study. A total of 465 clinical nurses from different departments in three Grade-III, Level-A hospitals in Jinan, Shandong Province, completed the questionnaires, including demographics questionnaire, Chinese version of Moral Distress Scale–Revised, and Job Diagnostic Survey.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the university ethics board and the local health service director.

Results:

The total score of Moral Distress Scale–Revised was 36.01 ± 24.02 points. The mean frequency and intensity scores of moral distress were 1.13 ± 0.49 and 1.09 ± 0.58, respectively. The level of moral distress among Chinese clinical nurses was low, and the frequency and intensity of moral distress were on low to moderate level. The level of moral distress experienced by clinical nurses is associated with demographics features and job characteristics, including age, education degree, department, task significance, autonomy, and dealing with others.

Conclusion:

Our conclusion suggests that hospital and organizational administrations should attach much importance to the moral distress experienced by clinical nurses in China. Further studies should focus on interventions about how to reduce the levels of the frequency and intensity of moral distress among clinical nurses.
Error Reflection
Authors: Davis Virginia Wayman
Published: September 2016

As music teachers, part of the job description involves the detection of student errors and the use of our experience and education to eliminate them. This article is an exploration of the role of error in the learning process, with the goal of recognizing mistakes not as an enemy to be vanquished but as a friend with much to teach us. Carol Dweck’s seminal research into the importance of “growth mindset,” in which students react to challenges with excitement rather than fear, lies at the heart of this journey. In addition, the importance of reflective, deliberate practice is highlighted as a key feature in developing musicality, as well as the idea of creating “desirable difficulty.” Teachers are encouraged to help students analyze their performances and develop strategies for overcoming difficulties. By designing our general music classrooms as places where student struggle is not just accepted but celebrated for its connection to true musical growth, we can help every student discover their potential.
An Examination of Secondary Wind Instrument Methods Courses
Authors: Wagoner Cynthia L. , Juchniewicz Jay
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate current secondary woodwind, brass, and combined wind instrument methods courses for preservice music teachers across the United States. Two-hundred eleven ( N = 211) wind methods course instructors from National Association of Schools of Music–accredited institutions completed an online survey that examined (a) primary area and employment status of instructors, (b) course structure, (c) overall purpose, (d) textbooks, (e) assignments, and (f) assessments used within the courses. Results indicate that full-time faculty members in music education or performance are most likely to teach all three methods courses. The majority of methods courses are taught by one instructor, meet twice a week, and are 50 minutes long. The most frequently listed objective for methods courses was “performance skill” or “pedagogical techniques.” Additionally, similarities were found between woodwind and brass methods courses for textbooks, assignments, and assessments, mirroring the overall objective stated by instructors.
Russell Body Inflammatory Polyp
Authors: Coates Ryan F. , Ferrentino Nicholas , Yang Michelle X.
Published: August 2016

Russell body gastroenteritis has been reported as a reactive inflammatory process in most cases and many of the reports were from the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, which may be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and rarely associated with gastric carcinoma. Russell body containing Mott cells have been rarely seen in Barrett’s esophagus and duodenum, and only 2 cases have been reported in colon, including a transplant patient with diarrhea and a rectal tubulovillous adenoma. In this article, we report another localized form of Russell body containing Mott cells in colon as an inflammatory polyp without adenomatous change.
Career Calling in India and the United States
Authors: Autin Kelsey L. , Allan Blake A. , Palaniappan Meenakshi , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: September 2016

The present study examined the cross-cultural validity of instruments used to assess the experience of searching for, having, and living out a calling. Using a sample of 336 Americans and 327 Indians, we used structural equation modeling to assess measurement invariance of three common scales used to measure calling: the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ), the Brief Calling Scale, and the Living Calling Scale. Results showed partial measurement equivalence for the presence scale of the CVQ, indicating that it may be a valid measurement of within-group differences among Indian participants. Analyses on remaining scales showed borderline support for equivalence of factor structure and failed to demonstrate validity of cross-cultural comparisons. Implications for researchers and clinical practitioners are discussed.
Political Journalism—A British View
Authors: Cummings A. J.
Published: August 2016

This article—described by Mr. Cummings, political editor of the London NEWS CHRONICLE, as “a hastily prepared speech, not intended for publication”—is based on a talk before Mr. Tom Clarke's class in Practical Journalism in the University of London King's College.
News Agency Practices in Scandinavia
Authors: Oiseth Howard
Published: August 2016

Mr. Oiseth's investigations were made last summer during a visit to Scandinavia. His entire study, submitted in 1937 at the University of Minnesota as a master's thesis, covered all phases of the Scandinavian press.
A Professional Status for Journalism
Authors: Converse Blair
Published: August 2016

This paper was read by Professor Converse, head of the Department of Technical Journalism, Iowa State College, as his presidential address to the American Association of Teachers of Journalism at Columbus in December.
Interdependence of oxysterols with cholesterol profiles in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Shreya , Fellows Kelly , Browne Richard W , Khare Prachi , Krishnan Radhakrishnan Sandhya , Hagemeier Jesper , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Ramanathan Murali
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To investigate levels of oxysterols in healthy control (HC) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their interdependence with demographic, clinical characteristics, and cholesterol biomarkers.

Methods:

This study included 550 subjects (203 HC, 221 relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS), 126 progressive MS (P-MS)). A complete lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC); high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL-C); apolipoproteins (Apo) A1, A2, B, and E; C-reactive protein (CRP); 24-hydroxycholesterol (HC); 25-HC; 27-HC; 7α-HC; and 7-ketocholesterol (KC) was obtained. Lipoprotein particle sizing by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 NMR) was available for 432 subjects.

Results:

The levels of 24-HC, 27-HC, and 7α-HC (all p < 0.015) were lower in MS compared to HC, and 7-KC was higher in P-MS compared to RR-MS ( p < 0.001). TC, LDL-C, and ApoB were associated with higher levels of all oxysterols (all p < 0.05) in HC. In MS, LDL-C was associated with higher levels of 24-HC, 25-HC, 7-KC, and 7α-HC (all p < 0.05), while TC and ApoB were associated with increased levels of all oxysterols (all p < 0.005).

Conclusion:

The findings of lower 24-HC, 27-HC, and 7α-HC in MS compared to HC and higher 7-KC in P-MS compared to RR-MS indicate that the oxysterol network is disrupted in MS.
Not belonging to one’s self: Affect on Facebook’s site governance page
Authors: Johanssen Jacob
Published: September 2016

This article makes a contribution to a growing number of works that discuss affect and social media. I use Freudian affect theory to analyse user posts on the public Site Governance Facebook page. Freud’s work may help us to explore the affectivity within the user narratives and I suggest that they are expressions of alienation, dispossession and powerlessness that relate to the users’ relations with Facebook as well as to their internal and wider social relations. The article thus introduces a new angle on studies of negative user experiences that draws on psychoanalysis and critical theory.
Avoidant attachment style predicts less positive evaluations of warm (but not cold) social groups
Authors: Santascoy Nicholas , Burke Sara E. , Dovidio John F.
Published: August 2016

Two studies investigated the hypothesis that because individuals who are high on attachment avoidance tend to be disinterested in warmth in interpersonal relationships, they may respond less favorably to groups perceived as warm, attenuating the generally positive association between perceived warmth and favorable evaluation of a group. In Study 1, participants responded to groups representing the four quadrants based on warmth and competence identified by the stereotype content model (e.g., White people, homeless people). On average, people evaluated groups higher in stereotypical warmth more positively. However, as predicted, this effect was significantly weaker among participants higher in attachment avoidance. No effect was found for attachment anxiety. Study 2, in which the perceived warmth of a fictitious group was experimentally manipulated, conceptually replicated the effect for attachment avoidance. Understanding how attachment avoidance may attenuate favorable attitudes toward socially warm groups can help illuminate broader processes of intergroup relations.
When we enjoy bad news about other groups: A social identity approach to out-group schadenfreude
Authors: Ouwerkerk Jaap W. , van Dijk Wilco W. , Vonkeman Charlotte C. , Spears Russell
Published: August 2016

Two studies investigate schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) as an emotional response to news about out-group misfortunes in a political and consumer context by analyzing reactions of voters for opposition parties to the downfall of a Dutch coalition government (Study 1), and of BlackBerry users to negative news reports about Apple’s iPhone (Study 2). Consistent with social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory, both studies demonstrate that affective in-group identification increases schadenfreude reactions to news about an out-group’s misfortune, provided that this misfortune occurs in a domain of interest to news recipients. Additional findings show that this interaction effect attenuates when a misfortune instead befalls the in-group (Study 1) and is still observed when controlling for affective dispositions towards the out-group (Study 2). Moreover, results suggest that schadenfreude reactions strengthen subsequent intentions to share news about the out-group’s misfortune with others or to engage in negative word-of-mouth (Study 2).
The different roles of relative ingroup prototypicality in the outgroup attitudes of majority and minority groups
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Lei , Kou Yu
Published: August 2016

Based on the argument that the ingroup projection model may not be applicable to the minority group when addressing the effect of relative ingroup prototypicality (RIP) on outgroup attitudes, two studies investigated whether RIP and its effects on outgroup attitudes differ for the majority (Han) and an ethnic minority group (Tibetan). We measured RIP and outgroup attitudes in Study 1 ( N = 164) and manipulated RIP in Study 2 ( N = 145). The results indicated that the Hans presented high RIP, whereas the Tibetans presented low RIP. The effects of RIP on outgroup attitudes were moderated by group size: High RIP among Hans resulted in negative outgroup attitudes, whereas high RIP among Tibetans led to positive outgroup attitudes. These findings imply that improving the minority group’s RIP by making its culture prototypicality equal to that of the majority group would lead to positive outgroup attitudes.
Numerical investigation of airborne infection in naturally ventilated hospital wards with central-corridor type
Authors: Zhou Qi , Qian Hua , Liu Li
Published: September 2016

Natural ventilation is believed to control airborne infection due to high ventilation rates while an undesired flow pattern may cause infection transmission in hospital wards. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was carried out in this study to investigate the impact of airflow pattern on cross infection in a real central-corridor hospital ward with natural ventilation in Nanjing, China. The simulation results demonstrate that the predicted infection risks of the downstream cubicle are up to 10.48% and 11.59% as the index patient is located in the corridor and in the opposite upstream cubicle, respectively. Under this circumstance, the downstream cubicle should be listed on the high-risk list and the central-corridor type is not recommended in a naturally ventilated ward. Measures such as keeping cubicle doors closed should be taken in order to cut off the transmission route. The results not only give direct evidence to strongly support World Health Organization’s recommendation but also suggest required amendment of the Chinese standard GB 51039-2014 to improve ventilation arrangement in general hospital wards in China. Our findings are useful for improving the future design of general hospital wards for airborne infection control.
Brokering research with war-affected people: The tense relationship between opportunities and ethics
Authors: Schiltz Julie , Büscher Karen
Published: August 2016

This article examines the roles of brokers in conducting research in a (post-)conflict context and uses this analysis as a lens to rethink reflexive ethics in humanitarian research. Drawing on fieldwork in Gulu, northern Uganda, the paper analyses the ambiguous position of brokers, and the complex social space in which they navigate. The paper outlines how brokers, in the pursuit of opportunities and in trying to meet expectations of other players, use strategies such as concealing information for researchers, or actively promoting the research project rather than merely facilitating it. It is further argued that research in northern Uganda may reproduce conceptions of war-affected people as vulnerable and of the war-affected context as problem-fraught and in need of intervention. The paper concludes by seeking ways to rethink a reflexive ethical stance in humanitarian research and encourages researchers to take the role of brokers and other stakeholders into account.
Research note: Calculating spectral irradiance indoors
Authors: Bará S , Escofet J
Published: September 2016

The spectral composition of the light that reaches any indoor work plane depends on the characteristics of the light sources and the spectral reflectances of the surrounding surfaces due to the multiple reflections experienced by the light rays along their paths from the source to the observation point. We show that in indoor spaces, the source and surface radiances must obey a definite self-consistent relationship derived from the fact that each illuminated surface point acts as a secondary source of light. It is then established that the spectral irradiance on any plane is linearly dependent on the spectral radiance of the light source. The explicit integral form of this relationship provides a theoretical framework for a quantitative description of the surface effects. Additionally, under very general assumptions, we show that the spectral irradiance can be computed from the spectral flux of the source through a simple multiplication by a wavelength-dependent function. This function, with units of inverse surface (1/m2), provides a convenient way for evaluating the effects that arbitrary changes in the source spectrum will produce on the spectral irradiance at the indoor point under study.
Extravascular Revascularization of a Chronic Total Occlusion Using the Dual Bull’s-Eye Technique
Authors: Kahn S. Lowell , Kaufman Jeffrey L.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: To describe the dual bull’s-eye technique to achieve successful extravascular revascularization of an occlusion after vessel perforation when the antegrade and retrograde catheters are too far apart for salvage with a reentry catheter. Technique: The dual bull’s-eye technique, which is an adaptation of the “gun-sight” method for transjugular portosystemic shunt procedures, is demonstrated in a popliteal artery occlusion in which multiple recanalization attempts have produced vessel perforation. Via antegrade femoral and retrograde anterior tibial artery accesses, 10-mm Amplatz GooseNeck snares were advanced in plane from each access to rendezvous in the popliteal fossa to obtain through-and-through wire access. A 15-cm Chiba needle was advanced percutaneously in plane through both snares, and a hydrophilic guidewire was maneuvered across an extravascular tract parallel to the popliteal artery. The tract was carefully predilated, and a 5×100-mm Viabahn stent-graft was deployed across the extravascular tract. Conclusion: Owing to potential complications (limited patency, injury to adjacent structures) and only single-case use, this new technique should be considered a bailout strategy exclusively employed for limb salvage when traditional methods have failed and there are no viable surgical options.
Attitudes of Lay Stakeholders and Transplant Professionals About Disclosure to Living Kidney Donors in Exchanges and Chains
Authors: Grubbs Allison , Meadow Jaqueline , Thistlethwaite J. Richard , Ross Lainie F.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Current policies require very limited informational disclosure between living kidney donors and recipients regardless of the relationship type. No specific policies exist to suggest that exchange/chain donors and their recipients should be treated differently. We surveyed transplant professionals (surgeons and nephrologists) and members of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) to determine their support for disclosing to donors the health, health behavior, and social information of their exchange/chain donors and exchange/chain recipients.

Methods:

Twenty questions regarding disclosing to donors information about both their exchange/chain donors and exchange/chain recipients were included in 2 larger surveys on disclosure about kidney transplantation. Survey A was sent electronically to NKF list-servs, and survey B was sent to transplant professionals both electronically and by postal mail.

Results:

Survey A yielded 236 valid surveys from NKF donors and recipients (lay stakeholders). Survey B yielded 111 valid surveys from transplant professionals. Both sets of stakeholders support disclosing to donors some health and health behavior information of their exchange/chain donor and exchange/chain recipient, and mostly oppose disclosure of social information. Lay stakeholders favored disclosing significantly more information than transplant professionals. Among lay stakeholders, donor respondents were more supportive than recipient respondents in disclosing to donors health information about the exchange/chain recipient. Among transplant professionals, surgeons were more supportive than nephrologists in disclosing to donors information about the exchange/chain recipient that may impact graft survival.

Conclusions:

There is broad stakeholder support for disclosing some health and health behavior information to donors about their exchange/chain donors and recipients.
Competency Development to Support Safe Nurse Practitioner Prescribing of Controlled Drugs and Substances in British Columbia
Authors: Wainwright Alison , Klein Tracy , Daly Chris
Published: August 2016

In 2012, Canada passed legislation giving nurse practitioners (NPs) authority to prescribe controlled drugs and substances. Steps toward safe implementation by the nursing regulatory body in British Columbia included development of controlled drugs and substances prescribing competencies for use in educating and authorizing NPs for this new scope. In this article, we discuss the development and refinement of the competencies, specifically their application to nursing regulation in British Columbia. Methods include incorporation of the Competency Outcome Performance Assessment Model as a guiding theoretical framework. Over two meetings in 2014, a small representative panel of health professionals completed face and content validation of 17 initial competencies using a visual Likert-type scale ranking process (1–5, unnecessary to essential) with Google Docs for real-time comparative refinement. The resulting 10 competency statements provide the foundation for outcome indicator development which will be used in NP education and the regulatory body’s regulation and remediation processes. Finally, we describe the policy process applied to implement competencies for NP controlled drugs and substances prescribing and the subsequent challenges of implementation of controlled drugs and substances authority in British Columbia. The article concludes with an overview of lessons learned that may be beneficial to health professions regulatory bodies introducing or expanding prescribing scope for NPs.