bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring institutional variation across American Indian constitutions using automated content analysis
Authors: Cordell Rebecca , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Kern Florian G , Saavedra-Lux Laura
Published: October 2020

Effectively measuring variation in institutions over time and across jurisdictions is important for examining how institutional characteristics shape political, social, and economic issues. We present a new dataset of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) constitutions and a new approach for measuring variation in polities using machine learning techniques. Existing data on AIAN institutions have largely been based on costly and time-consuming expert coding and survey approaches, where the end product will become obsolete once institutions change. Our automated content analysis of AIAN constitutional documents allows for more flexible and customizable measurement of the variation, using a larger corpus of data than existing approaches, limited by data collection and coding costs. We consider variation in judicial institutions, previously shown to play a crucial role in AIAN development, and compare our machine coded measures to existing hand coded data for a sample of 97 American Indian constitutions. We show that machine coding replicates expert coded data. Our approach can be easily extended to other topics, including the executive, and shows the potential of automated measures to complement or confirm traditional coding of political institutions.
Continuous recognition: A latent variable approach to measuring international sovereignty of self-determination movements
Authors: Huddleston R Joseph
Published: October 2020

How do self-determination groups move toward diplomatic recognition? Although recognition is the dominant activity used to understand international sovereignty, it is perhaps the most costly decision states make towards these groups. Third parties have many substantial interactions with aspiring states, building their sovereignty by other important means. I argue that our understanding of international sovereignty can be improved by conceptualizing it as a dynamic, continuous process, reflected in foreign policy decisions short of the legal recognition. I create a Bayesian latent variable model of international sovereignty, using bilateral data on diplomatic exchange, IGO voting, sanctions, military aid, and intervention in separatist conflicts. Complementing prior work on international sovereignty, my measure provides support for important theoretical expectations previously explored using only recognition as a measure of sovereignty. I find that diplomatic recognition, extant violence, separatist victory, and sour third-party–incumbent relations positively impact latent sovereignty of separatists, while concern for precedent negatively impacts it.
Mask and Ye Shall Receive
Authors: Acosta Lealani Mae Y.
Published: October 2020

A physician engages in a social media debate regarding mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and searches for truth and virtue, primarily charity. While wearing masks is commonplace and vital during the COVID-19 pandemic to those working in healthcare, the lay perspective on wearing masks is more varied and can be skewed by politicization, pseudoscience, and misinterpretation. The practicing Catholic physician serves as an important witness to the truth of science and Christ as the Way, the Truth, and the Life. The question of mask-wearing is transformed from merely being a scientific question to more of a moral and theological question.
Mental health of forensic odontologists in Covid-19: An Indian perspective
Authors: Johnson Abraham , Parekh Utsav
Published: October 2020

Forensic autopsies provided guidance and clarification on the transmission of and the safety of working with Covid-19. However, the outbreak induced not just a socio-economic crisis, but a fast-paced psychological distress worldwide. Various psychological and mental health problems, including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration and uncertainty, have gradually emerged. This article brings attention to the mental health of forensic odontologists during the pandemic.
Age Changes and Suicidal Activity in Iran Over the Past Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Heidari Mohammad , Naghavi Navaz , Lehto Rebecca H. , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Jafari-Koulaee Azar , Matbue Yasaman Hatef , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh , Goudarzian Amir Hossein , Sharif Saeed Pahlevan
Published: October 2020

This review study fills an important gap by aiming to determine the age changes in attempted and completed suicide in Iran during the past decade. A systematic review of related articles in international and Iranian databases from January 2008 to January 2020 was first conducted and relevant studies were extracted based on established criteria. Results showed that the mean age of suicide in Iran is 29.8 (range 27.7 – 31.8) years old for men and 27.4 (range 25.8 – 28.9) for women (P < 0.0001). The youngest and oldest populations of completed suicide belong to eastern and central regions of the country respectively. Findings imply the critical importance of increasing awareness through educational programs and public health campaigns to increase awareness and reduce suicidal behavior in Iran.
“…  I Really Prepared to Take My Life  …”: Dynamics, Instruments and Suicidal Thoughts Among Nigerian University Students Following Social Media Reported Suicides
Authors: Ekpechu Joseph Ogbonnaya Alo
Published: October 2020

This study examined the different dimensions and instruments used in committing suicide and how it gave rise to suicidal thoughts among Nigerian university students who had witnessed these suicide cases posted in social media platforms. Convenience sample of 30 students who had witnessed social media reported suicides were studied using focus group discussion. It was found that suicide a single person affair becomes a group affair through the power of its postings in social media platforms which generates different discussions on it. Students tend to have different suicidal thoughts following suicides they watched in social media platforms. These suicidal thoughts come in the form of high suicidal ideation, near suicidal ideation and no suicidal ideation. Use of sniper (a chemical used in killing insects) in committing suicide by students generated more thoughts of suicide especially when posted in social media platforms than other means of committing suicide.
Perceptions of Public Health Priorities and Accountability Among US Mayors
Authors: Godinez Puig Luisa , Lusk Katharine , Glick David , Einstein Katherine L. , Palmer Maxwell , Fox Stacy , Wang Monica L.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Mayors have considerable and often direct influence over health policy in their cities, yet little is known about mayors’ general perceptions of current public health challenges. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions, attitudes, and priorities related to public health among US mayors.

Methods

We collected survey data from a nationally representative sample of US mayors (N = 110) in 2018 and matched survey responses with city-level health surveillance data. We conducted descriptive analyses and multivariable regression modeling to estimate associations of interest.

Results

Mayors in our sample most frequently cited obesity/chronic diseases (23.6%; 26 of 110), opioid abuse/drug addiction (22.7%; 25 of 110), and health care access (13.6%; 15 of 110) as the top health challenges facing their cities. However, mayors identified a different set of health issues for which they believed constituents hold them accountable. With the exception of opioid-related deaths, prevalence of a health concern was not associated with perceived accountability for that particular issue, whereas partisanship and sex predicted patterns in perceived accountability.

Conclusions

Mayors recognized critical health challenges at the city level but varied widely in their perceived accountability for such challenges. Findings can inform strategies to engage local policy makers in cross-sector collaborations to improve the health and overall well-being of people in cities across the United States.
Lack of Serologic Evidence of Infection Among Health Care Personnel and Other Contacts of First 2 Confirmed Patients With COVID-19 in Illinois, 2020
Authors: McPherson Tristan D. , Ghinai Isaac , Binder Alison M. , Freeman Brandi D. , Hoskin Snelling Chantel , Hunter Jennifer C. , Anderson Kristin M. , Davenport Polly , Rudd Deborah L. , Zafer Mujeeb , Christiansen Demian , Joshi Kiran , Rubin Rachel , Black Stephanie R. , Fricchione Marielle J. , Pacilli Massimo , Walblay Kelly A. , Korpics Jacqueline , Moeller Darcie , Quartey-Kumapley Pearl , Wang Chen , Charles E. Matt , Kauerauf Judy , Patel Megan T. , Disari Vishal S. , Fischer Marc , Jacobs Max W. , Lester Sandra N. , Midgley Claire M. , Rasheed Mohammed Ata Ur , Reese Heather E. , Verani Jennifer R. , Wallace Megan , Watson John T. , Thornburg Natalie J. , Layden Jennifer E. , Kirking Hannah L.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Widespread global transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues. Many questions remain about asymptomatic or atypical infections and transmission dynamics. We used comprehensive contact tracing of the first 2 confirmed patients in Illinois with COVID-19 and serologic SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to determine whether contacts had evidence of undetected COVID-19.

Methods

Contacts were eligible for serologic follow-up if previously tested for COVID-19 during an initial investigation or had greater-risk exposures. Contacts completed a standardized questionnaire during the initial investigation. We classified exposure risk as high, medium, or low based on interactions with 2 index patients and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Serologic testing used a SARS-CoV-2 spike enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on serum specimens collected from participants approximately 6 weeks after initial exposure to either index patient. The 2 index patients provided serum specimens throughout their illness. We collected data on demographic, exposure, and epidemiologic characteristics.

Results

Of 347 contacts, 110 were eligible for serologic follow-up; 59 (17% of all contacts) enrolled. Of these, 53 (90%) were health care personnel and 6 (10%) were community contacts. Seventeen (29%) reported high-risk exposures, 15 (25%) medium-risk, and 27 (46%) low-risk. No participant had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The 2 index patients had antibodies detected at dilutions >1:6400 within 4 weeks after symptom onset.

Conclusions

In serologic follow-up of the first 2 known patients in Illinois with COVID-19, we found no secondary transmission among tested contacts. Lack of seroconversion among these contacts adds to our understanding of conditions (ie, use of PPE) under which SARS-CoV-2 infections might not result in transmission and demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is a useful tool to verify epidemiologic findings.
Cycling mode choice amongst US commuters: The role of climate and topography
Authors: Tyndall Justin
Published: October 2020

Cycling to work is uncommon in most areas of the USA but relatively common in a particular set of metros and neighbourhoods. Explanations for this spatial heterogeneity often focus on differences in local geography, with some areas being allegedly more suitable for cycling. I estimate the role of topography and climate in determining the share of a metro’s workers who cycle to work and the probability a particular worker chooses to cycle. I combine a USA-wide data set of commute flows with detailed elevation and climate data. I find that climate and topography play essentially no role in explaining cycling mode share across metros. Across workers, the hilliness of a commuter’s route is found to be statistically irrelevant to cycling mode choice.
Incorporating a Race Salience Subscale Into the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS)
Authors: Worrell Frank C. , Mendoza-Denton Rodolfo , Vandiver Beverly J. , Fhagen Peony E. , Cross William E.
Published: October 2020

In this study, we examined the internal consistency and structural validity of scores on an expanded version of the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS) consisting of the original six subscales—Assimilation, Miseducation, Self-Hatred, Anti-White, Afrocentricity, and Multiculturalist Inclusive—and a seventh subscale called Race Salience. Participants consisted of two samples of African Americans. Sample 1 had 324 participants, most of whom were students at historically Black institutions, and Sample 2 had 340 students attending a predominantly White institution. CRIS subscale scores, including Race Salience were internally consistent in Sample 1, and an exploratory factor analysis supported the structural validity of the race salience score. A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the seven-factor structure. Internal consistency and structural validity results were replicated in Sample 2. Future studies should examine other aspects of construct validity on this expanded version of the CRIS, such as convergent and discriminant validity, and the impact of seven subscales on the number and type of racial identity profiles that CRIS scores can yield.
Indigenous People and The Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil: A Study of the Kaingang People
Authors: Renwick Neil , Reid Darren R. , Santos Jorge Alejandro , Piovezana Leonel
Published: October 2020

Indigenous Peoples continue to face substantial challenges. This article focuses on the Kaingang People in Southern Brazil and is contextualized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by all the United Nations member states in 2015. The authors adopted an Indigenist research methodology to obtain oral evidence and provided an education-focused case-study. The research findings reveal that, despite Brazilian Constitutional recognition and SDG provisions, in practice, the Indigenous People in Brazil are experiencing renewed threats to their indigeneity. The SDGs need to be implemented more robustly at the local level to overcome these emancipatory barriers. The article reveals the key role of empowerment that can be played by carefully articulated indigenous education programs.
Aboriginal plant use in the central Rocky Mountains: Macrobotanical records from three prehistoric sites in Birch Creek Valley, eastern Idaho
Authors: Arkush Brooke S , Arkush Denise
Published: October 2020

Recent excavations at three prehistoric sites in eastern Idaho recovered a moderate amount of culturally-introduced macrobotanical remains, including mountain ball and prickly pear cactus, goosefoot, sunflower, and tobacco, all of which came from contexts dating between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 1000. Within the greater region, cactus, goosefoot, and sunflower were first used by people between ca. 11,000 and 8500 B.C., whereas the archaeobotanical record for tobacco dates back to 10,300 B.C. The Birch Creek Valley data set allows us to explore aspects of local site function and settlement practices, as well as the temporal range and ubiquity of the above-listed taxa within the northern Intermountain West and adjacent portions of the central Rocky Mountains.
Comparison of diet quality among female students in different majors at Taibah University
Authors: Jalloun Rola A , Maneerattanasuporn Tiwaporn
Published: October 2020

Background:

Diet quality is a term used to assess both the quality and variety of food intake by comparing dietary guidelines. The quality of dietary intake can be used to determine the association between food intake and health status. Studies comparing diet quality among students from different departments are limited.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the dietary quality of female college students with majors in different departments at Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted with 658 female participants. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was used to describe dietary quality.

Results:

The total DQI-I score of the College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS) students (55.5%) was higher than those of the College of Sciences (CS) (52.3%) and College of Arts and Humanities (CAH) (50.4%) students. The risk of having a poor diet was higher among the CS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.154, 95% confidence interval (CI) (95% CI) = 1.007–1.879) and CAH students (OR = 1.624, CI = 1.012–2.604) than among the CAMS students. Having a low DQI-I score was associated with a high risk of obesity (OR= 2.478, 95% CI = 1.007–3.879) and a high body fat % (OR = 3.920, 95% CI = 1.757–8.749).

Conclusion:

This study showed the need to raise awareness among the younger population about the importance of healthy eating, which involves implementing healthy habits to improve one’s quality of life.
2018 Lush Science Prize
Authors: McCann Jenny , McCann Terry
Published: October 2020

The Lush Prize supports animal-free testing by awarding money prizes of up to £350,000 per year to the most effective projects and individuals who have been working towards the goal of replacing animals in product or ingredient safety testing. Since its inception in 2012, the Lush Prize has distributed almost £2 million. Prizes are awarded for developments in five strategic areas: Science; Lobbying; Training; Public Awareness; and Young Researchers. In 2015, the judges also awarded a Black Box prize for the development of the skin sensitisation Adverse Outcome Pathway and its associated in vitro assays. The Science Prize is awarded to researchers whose work the judging panel believe to have made the most significant contribution, in the preceding year, to the replacement of animal testing. This 2018 Science Background paper outlines the research projects that were presented to the Prize judges as potential candidates for the 2018 Lush Science Prize award. To obtain an overview of developments in the field of animal replacement in toxicity research, recent work by the relevant scientific institutions and projects in this area, including the OECD, CAAT, ECVAM, UK NC3Rs, US Tox21 Programme, the ToxCast programme and EU-ToxRisk, was reviewed. Recent developments in toxicity testing research were investigated by searching the relevant literature. Abstracts from conferences focusing on animal replacement in toxicity testing that were held in the preceding 12 months, were also analysed, including those from the 2017 10th World Congress on Alternatives and Animals in the Life Sciences and the 2018 Society of Toxicology annual conference.
Review: Simmel-Handbuch: Begriffe, Hauptwerke, Aktualität
Authors: Goetschel Willi
Published: October 2020

The Simmel companion Simmel-Handbuch is a book that offers a solid overview of Simmel’s works with numerous articles addressing specific aspects of his thought. The volume includes informative discussions of the overarching themes as well. Its scholarship is exhaustive and reflects the state of the art of German Simmel scholarship.
Cytosorb® hemoadsorption of apixaban during emergent cardio-pulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Mendes Vitor , Colombier Sébastien , Verdy François , Bechtold Xavier , Schlaepfer Pierre , Scala Emmanuelle , Schneider Antoine , Kirsch Matthias
Published: October 2020

Background:

Peri-operative coagulation management of patients receiving apixaban, a new oral anticoagulant, is difficult. The CytoSorb® hemoadsorption device might represent a therapeutic option to reduce apixaban’s pharmacological and inflammatory effects during high-risk surgery.

Case presentation:

An 83-year-old woman treated with Apixaban underwent emergent redo mitral valve replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis. A CytoSorb® cartridge was added to the cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. Apixaban-specific anti-factor Xa activity (AFXaA) were measured peri-operatively. After 100 minutes of CPB, a 50% AFXaA rate decrease was observed as compared to pre-CPB values. Furthermore, we noticed 39% and 44% reductions of AFXaA levels in comparison to the expected levels in patients with normal or altered renal function, respectively.

Conclusion:

Insertion of a CytoSorb® cartridge in the CPB was safe and associated with rapid correction of Apixaban-associated anticoagulation.
The treatment of upper extremities deep vein thrombosis related to thoracic outlet syndrome with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Fiori Luciano , Serrao Alessandra , Ferretti Antonietta , Chistolini Antonio
Published: October 2020

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is a manifestation of venous symptoms that occurs when the subclavian vein is compressed and it may present clinically with acute venous thrombosis of the axillo-subclavian vein. Evidence for the optimal approach to the management of this condition is sparse and actually anticoagulation alone is not considered an option. Herein we reported our experience with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with upper extremities deep vein thrombosis, due to VTOS, who refused endovascular approach or surgery.
Learning Marketing Online: The Role of Social Interactions and Gamification Rewards
Authors: Dikcius Vytautas , Urbonavicius Sigitas , Adomaviciute Karina , Degutis Mindaugas , Zimaitis Ignas
Published: October 2020

Online learning is a powerful option for professional development in various careers, including marketing. However, massive open online courses (MOOCs) tend to face an issue of course dropouts, and this cannot only be attributed to factors like course content or value. Social interactions among students and interest-generating elements of MOOCs are equally important elements of online learning ecosystems. Therefore, this study approaches the problem from the perspective of the social exchange theory with insights into the cognitive evaluation theory to predict the effects of social interactions and gamification rewards on the process of studies. The data from an experiment and a subsequent survey of marketing course participants were used to analyze student satisfaction and dropouts through the lens of the social exchange theory and to see the effects of expected and unexpected gamification rewards. This contributes to the knowledge about factors that influence online course discontinuation, provides managerial and educational insights on dropout reduction, and specifies directions for further studies on the use of gamification elements in MOOCs.
Potential interactions between pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals and concomitant cardiovascular therapies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Sicras-Mainar Antoni , Morillo-Verdugo Ramón
Published: October 2020

Objective

To identify potential drug interactions (DIs) between pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals (pDAAs) and concomitant cardiovascular (CV) therapies in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Methods

A retrospective observational study was carried out. Patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with CHC and treated with pDAAs during 2017 were included. Information was collected on concomitant CV therapies and potential DIs [ www.hep-druginteractions.org ]. The pDAAs analyzed were sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX). An analysis including lipid-lowering drugs was also performed.

Results

In total, 1286 patients (mean age 64.9 years, 56.6% men) were recruited. The percentages of potential DIs with CV drugs were 1.9% contraindications, 38.1% clinically significant and 2.4% weak. When lipid-lowering drugs were included, the percentages of potential DIs with CV drugs were 10.3% contraindications, 46.3% clinically significant and 3.2% weak. Potential DIs associated with each pDAA were as follows (contraindications; clinically significant; weak): SOF/VEL (1.4%; 23.0%; 0.9%), GLE/PIB (12.8%; 60.8%; 4.7%) and SOF/VEL/VOX (16.6%; 55.1%; 4.9%).

Conclusions

Approximately on third of patients with CHC are concomitantly treated with CV drugs. SOF/VEL may have fewer DIs with CV drugs than other pDAAs.
Management of ovarian cancer: guidelines of the Italian Medical Oncology Association (AIOM)
Authors: Gadducci Angiolo , Aletti Giovanni D. , Landoni Fabio , Lazzari Roberta , Mangili Giorgia , Olivas Paola , Pignata Sandro , Salutari Vanda , Sartori Enrico , Scambia Giovanni , Zannoni Gian Franco , Sabbatini Roberto , Lorusso Domenica
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Over 5200 new cases of this tumor are diagnosed yearly in Italy, resulting in more than 3600 deaths. In terms of molecular biology, five different ovarian cancer subtypes should be distinguished.

Method:

This article summarizes the evidence-based guidelines that the Italian Medical Oncology Association (AIOM) has developed with a multidisciplinary panel of experts, including pathologists, gynecologic oncologists, medical oncologists, and radiotherapists, with the support of methodologists, to help clinicians involved in the management of patients with ovarian cancer in their daily clinical practice.

Results:

The most relevant randomized clinical trials regarding surgery, chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted agents (bevacizumab and PARP inhibitors) in early, advanced, and recurrent disease have been critically analyzed. The levels of evidence and strength of recommendation have been reported for any issue.

Conclusion:

Women with a clinical suspicion of ovarian cancer should be centralized in referral centers. The BRCA test should be requested for all women with nonmucinous and nonborderline tumors, regardless of age and family history. BRCA testing could be preferentially performed on neoplastic tissue. In the presence of a positive tumor test, a genetic test should always be performed on a blood sample to differentiate between germline mutations, which require counseling and genetic testing of family members, and somatic mutations.
A Slow Impossible Mirror Picture
Authors: Casati Roberto , Varzi Achille C.
Published: October 2020

A new type of impossible picture is presented and described. The picture involves an object along with its reflection in a plane mirror, delivering two apparently irreconcilable views of the object itself when seen simultaneously in its flesh and in the mirror. Contrary to other, more familiar impossible pictures, its interpretation requires explicit reasoning about the represented reality. It is a slow impossible picture.
Back to Mahal Teglinos: New Pharaonic Evidence from Eastern Sudan
Authors: Manzo Andrea
Published: October 2020

This article provides a general overview of the archaeological finds which suggest that Eastern Sudan was in contact with Egypt in the second half of the third and into the second millennium BC. The finds and their contexts are discussed, along with their chronology, typology and distribution in order to understand if they arrived in Eastern Sudan via Upper Nubia, the Red Sea coast, or even through the Eastern Desert. Moreover, the discussion highlights how these finds are providing support to the hypothesis that Eastern Sudan may have been a part of Punt. Finally, the contribution of these finds to our understanding of the economic and cultural exchanges between Egypt and inner Africa is discussed. This review also addresses the definition of the Egyptian commodities exchanged for those of inner Africa and the reconstruction of the way contacts between the involved groups took place.
Privacy practices in academic libraries in Ghana: Insight into three top universities
Authors: Avuglah Bright K. , Owusu-Ansah Christopher M. , Tachie-Donkor Gloria , Yeboah Eugene B.
Published: October 2020

This research contributes to knowledge on privacy practices in academic libraries, by comparing survey data of librarians and their student-patrons in three top Ghanaian public universities. Our research revealed that Ghanaian academic libraries have not been proactive in promoting privacy issues. There is a general lack of awareness among librarians and their student-patrons about library practices, policies and procedures relating to privacy in their institutions. Besides, very little has been done in terms of providing privacy education and communicating the library’s and vendors’ privacy policies to staff and student-patrons. Among others, recommendations were made for library leaders and the library professional association in Ghana to develop toolkits that will facilitate privacy education and privacy advocacy.
Slope-Reducing Tibial Osteotomy Combined With Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Produces Improved Knee Stability in Patients With Steep Posterior Tibial Slope, Excessive Anterior Tibial Subluxation in Extension, and Chronic Meniscal Posterior Horn Tears
Authors: Song Guan-yang , Ni Qian-kun , Zheng Tong , Zhang Zhi-jun , Feng Hua , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2020

Background:

Steep posterior tibial slope (PTS; >13°), excessive anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) in extension (>10 mm), and meniscus posterior horn tears (MPHTs) have been identified to be associated with primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) failure. Recent studies have reported that steep PTS is directly correlated with excessive ATS in extension and concomitant MPHTs, especially for those patients with chronic (>6 months) ACL deficiency. There is increasing biomechanical evidence that slope-reducing tibial osteotomy decreases ATS in extension and protects the ACL graft.

Hypothesis:

Slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR is effective for producing improved knee stability in patients with steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Between June 2016 and January 2018, 18 patients with ACL injuries who had steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months) underwent slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR. The PTS and anterior subluxation of the lateral and medial compartment (ASLC and ASMC) in extension before and after the index procedures were regarded as primary clinical outcomes. Moreover, Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective grade, pivot-shift test, and KT-1000 side-to-side difference were evaluated preoperatively and at the minimum 2-year follow-up visit.

Results:

The mean PTS was 18.5° (range, 17°-20°) preoperatively and 8.1° (range, 7°-9°) postoperatively ( P < .01). The mean ASLC and ASMC in extension were 12.1 mm and 11.9 mm preoperatively, which reduced to 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm at the last follow-up visit ( P < .05). In addition, all of the following showed significant improvements (pre- vs postoperatively): mean Lysholm score (46.5 vs 89.5; P < .05), mean Tegner activity score (5.7 vs 7.3; P < .05), IKDC objective grading results (18 grade D vs 14 grade A and 4 grade B; P < .05), pivot-shift tests (15 grade 2+ and 3 grade 3+ vs 18 grade 0; P < .01), and KT-1000 side-to-side difference (13.0 mm vs 1.6 mm; P < .01). Moreover, no graft reruptures were found at the final follow-up visit.

Conclusion:

In this study, slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR effectively improved knee stability in patients with steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months).
Differences in Clinical Presentations and Surgical Outcomes of Gluteus Medius Tears Between Men and Women
Authors: Meghpara Mitchell B. , Bheem Rishika , Haden Marshall , Rosinsky Philip J. , Shapira Jacob , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gluteus medius (GM) tears often occur in women aged >50 years. There is a paucity of literature comparing sex-based differences in those undergoing GM repair.

Purpose:

To report differences between women and men in clinical presentations and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores at a minimum 2-year follow-up after undergoing GM repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. All included patients had postoperative scores for the following PROs: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12. Men were propensity score matched 1:3 to women according to concomitant arthroscopic procedures and follow-up time. Clinical effectiveness was determined through a uniquely calculated minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the mHHS and NAHS specific to this study population.

Results:

Thirteen men were successfully propensity score matched to 39 women. Women and men were 55.87 ± 11.0 and 62.38 ± 11.63 years old (mean ± SD), respectively ( P = .02). Men were at increased risk for associated lumbar pathology as compared with women (relative risk, 3.32; P = .02). Women showed significant improvement from preoperative to minimum 2-year follow-up for the mHHS (59.32 ± 15.36 to 83.81 ± 16.82; P < .01), NAHS (56.23 ± 15.61 to 83.78 ± 17.66; P < .01), HOS-SSS (33.35 ± 20.28 to 67.88 ± 32.35; P < .01), and visual analog scale (5.48 ± 2.00 to 1.93 ± 2.29; P < .01). Similarly, men showed significant improvement for the mHHS (63.50 ± 16.41 to 84.77 ± 13.91; P < .01), NAHS (61.52 ± 9.87 to 84.42 ± 14.87; P < .01), HOS-SSS (33.97 ± 21.20 to 63.62 ± 26.20; P < .01), and visual analog scale (4.93 ± 2.69 to 1.86 ± 2.10; P < .01). The MCIDs for the mHHS and NAHS were calculated to be 7.89 and 7.24. Of the women, 28 (72%) and 34 (87%) met the MCID for the mHHS and NAHS. Eleven (85%) men met the MCID for the mHHS and NAHS.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that women and men can both benefit after GM repair. Men were older and had increased risk for associated lumbar pathology than women at the time of surgery. Men and women both experienced significant improvements in PROs and compared favorably in terms of clinical effectiveness at a minimum 2-year follow-up.
Patient-Reported Outcomes After Revision Surgery for Failed Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Matched-Pair Analysis Including Correction of Predisposing Factors
Authors: Zimmermann Felix , Börtlein Juliane , Milinkovic Danko Dan , Balcarek Peter
Published: October 2020

Background:

Complications and the need for revision surgery after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) are evident in the current literature. However, there is a shortage of clinical data evaluating the results of revision surgery in individual patients after failed MPFLR.

Purpose:

To investigate the results of tailored revision surgery for failed MPFLR, including the correction of predisposing factors.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between August 2015 and March 2019, 25 patients (male:female, n = 9:16; mean ± SD age, 25.9 ± 6.5 years) underwent revision surgery for failed MPFLR (study group). The Banff Patella Instability Instrument 2.0 (BPII 2.0) and a numerical analog scale (0-10) for patellofemoral pain and subjective knee joint function were used to assess patient-reported quality of life before and after revision surgery. The control group of 50 patients (male:female, n = 18:32; age, 22.8 ± 4.3 years) who underwent identical patellar-stabilizing procedures was matched 1:2 by the surgical procedure, predisposing factors, sex, age, and follow-up time.

Results:

Evaluation was performed postoperatively at a mean 27.8 ± 14.0 months (range, 12-54 months) in the study group and 26.1 ± 11.2 months (range, 12-56 months) in the control group ( P = .55). The BPII 2.0 score increased from 28.6 ± 17.9 points to 68.7 ± 22.3 points ( P < .0001) in the study group and from 43.8 ± 22.5 points to 75.5 ± 21.4 points ( P < .0001) in the control group from preoperatively to postoperatively, respectively. Before revision surgery, the BPII 2.0 scores in the study group were significantly inferior to those in the control group ( P = .0026). At the final follow-up, the BPII 2.0 score in the study group was not significantly lower ( P = .174), and a similar number of patients in the study group and the control group achieved the minimally clinically important difference ( P = .49). Patellofemoral pain and subjective knee joint function improved significantly in both groups ( P < .0001, P < .0001), without any significant difference between them at the final follow-up ( P = .85, P = .86).

Conclusion:

Revision surgery for MPFLR failure, including the correction of major anatomic risk factors, yielded a significant improvement in patient-reported quality-of-life outcome measures. Patients with failed MPFLR, however, were significantly more restricted before revision surgery than patients without previous interventions when evaluated with the BPII 2.0.
Maximal covering location problem of smart recycling infrastructure for recyclable waste in an uncertain environment
Authors: Wang Zhen , Duan Yongrui , Huo Jiazhen
Published: October 2020

To incentivise citizens to return recyclable waste (RW) through formal recycling channels, the Chinese government has introduced smart recycling facilities for RW. To maximise the satisfaction of citizens’ demand for returning RW, the proper arrangement of recyclable facilities is a problem worth studying in cases in which there is a lack of data on the citizens’ behaviour. Thus, to help government decision-makers rationally arrange smart recycling facilities, this paper discusses how to properly allocate the recycling infrastructure to cover the maximum demand with a limited number of smart recycling facilities in an uncertain environment. According to the uncertainty theory, the service cost is taken as an uncertain variable. Then, an uncertain maximal covering location problem model and an extended uncertain maximal covering location problem model are constructed, and solution procedures of the two models are provided. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical formulations and solution procedures were validated through two application cases.
A Dual-Scaffolding Framework Integrating Peer-Scaffolding and Cognitive-Scaffolding for an Augmented Reality-Based Educational Board Game: An Analysis of Learners’ Collective Flow State and Collaborative Learning Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Hou Huei-Tse , Keng Su-Han
Published: October 2020

The design and application of educational board games have been emphasized in game-based learning. The integration of educational board games and augmented reality (AR) can help provide extensive cognitive-scaffolding for learners. This study proposed a dual-scaffolding framework that integrated peer-scaffolding and cognitive-scaffolding for an AR educational board game. This study also conducted an empirical analysis to evaluate this framework. Forty-four college students participated in this study. The researchers investigated these learners’ flow, acceptance, and their collaborative learning behavioral patterns with the sequential analysis. Moreover, this study explored the correlation of flow and acceptance and investigated learners’ behavioral pattern differences between high collective flow groups and low collective flow groups (collective flow referred to the mean of flow from group members). The results showed that there was a positive correlation between learners’ flow and acceptance. These learners’ behavioral patterns also showed that both peer-scaffolding and cognitive-scaffolding facilitated their problem-solving process. Moreover, the study found that high collective flow groups had more reflection and analysis behaviors than low collective flow groups in game-based learning.
Keepers of the comments: How comment moderators handle audience contributions
Authors: Wolfgang J. David , Blackburn Hayley , McConnell Stephen
Published: October 2020

As news commenting has evolved as a participatory tool and journalists have developed traditional practices for moderation, there are questions about how to promote quality spaces for news discourse. Using gatekeeping theory, this study analyzes in-depth interviews with 13 news comment moderators to understand how these individuals establish moderation routines and define their professional role. This provides new insight into the journalist–audience relationship and the development of new media practices for online news production.
Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran
Authors: Sadeghi-Yarandi Mohsen , Karimi Ali , Ahmadi Vahid , Sajedian Ali Asghar , Soltanzadeh Ahmad , Golbabaei Farideh
Published: October 2020

1,3-Butadiene is classified as carcinogenic to humans by inhalation. This study aimed to assess cancer and non-cancer risk following occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer in Iran. Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene was measured according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1024 method. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessment were performed according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. The average occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene during work shifts among all participants was 560.82 ± 811.36 µg m−3. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 × 10−3; 82.2% of all exposed workers were within the definite carcinogenic risk level. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient (HQ)) among all participants was 10.82 ± 14.76. The highest LCR and HQ were observed in the safety and fire-fighting station workers with values of 7.75 × 10−3 and 36.57, respectively. The findings revealed that values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk in the majority of participants were within the definitive and unacceptable risk levels. Therefore, corrective measures are necessary to protect these workers from non-cancer and cancer risks from 1,3-butadiene exposure.
Faut-il tout dévoiler d’une enquête au Front national ? Réflexions sur le partage des données et le devoir éthique en sociologie
Authors: Bizeul Daniel
Published: October 2020

Une enquête au sein du Front national comme celle conduite par l’auteur de 1996 à 1999 serait sans doute irréalisable aujourd’hui du fait de l’encadrement bureaucratique auquel les sociologues sont désormais astreints par le biais des dispositifs éthiques (notamment le RGPD) et des plans de gestion des données. C’est ce qui est apparu en toute clarté lors du traitement des archives de cette enquête pour la « banque de données qualitatives » beQuali. Comment protéger les militants, pour certains admirateurs de Hitler et hostiles aux mélanges entre races, dont aucun accord par ailleurs n’a été sollicité, sans désincarner les données et les rendre inutilisables ? Comment protéger l’enquêteur, dont certaines réactions semblent racistes ou réactionnaires, sans occulter une partie de son journal, jusqu’à le rendre insipide ? Contre les tentatives de mise au pas au nom de la morale et du Bien public, nous avons à faire valoir un héritage qui nous vient de nos prédécesseurs : l’aventure du savoir critique sur le monde social.
Seizures Are Associated With Brain Injury in Infants Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Bauer Huang Sarah L. , Said Ahmed S. , Smyser Christopher D. , Lin John C. , Guilliams Kristin P. , Guerriero Réjean M.
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Determine seizure frequency and association with neurologic outcomes in infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Identify patient or clinical factors associated with seizures or brain injury on imaging.

Methods:

Retrospective, single-center study including infants less than 1 year of age, who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between 2012 and 2017.

Results:

A total of 104 infants met study criteria including 45 patients with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring during their extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run and 59 infants without EEG. Seizures (electrographic-only or electro-clinical) were identified in 18 of the 45 (40%). Among the 18 infants with seizures, 14 (78%) had moderate to severe brain injury, whereas only 44% of those without seizures (12 of 27) on EEG had moderate to severe brain injury ( P = .03). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECPR), mode of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of stay, survival to discharge, and congenital heart disease were not associated with seizures. One of 10 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome had seizures compared with 7 of 10 patients with non–hypoplastic left heart syndrome lesions ( P = .02). Seizures were associated with moderate to severe brain injury, after adjusting for ECPR and congenital heart disease ( P = .04).

Conclusions:

Electrographic seizures were common in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and higher than previously reported. Seizures were associated with moderate to severe abnormalities on imaging, after adjusting for ECPR and congenital heart disease. This study adds to recent literature describing the risk of seizures in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and highlights the presence of brain injuries that may be identified by routine EEG surveillance.
Image-based Abuse: Debate and Reflections on the “Iveco Case” in Spain on Twitter
Authors: Idoiaga Mondragon Nahia , Santamaria Maria Dosil , Txertudi Maitane Belasko , Saez Israel Alonso
Published: October 2020

The instance of image-based abuse that ended in the victim’s suicide, known as the “Iveco case,” had an unprecedented social impact in Spain in 2019. This case provoked a great social reaction and became particularly viral on social networks such as Twitter. The present research investigates how this case has been dealt with through Twitter discourse. In particular, this study aimed to identify the main elements that could explain how people engaged with the problem of nonconsensual sharing of sexually explicit images in general, and with this case in particular. In total, 1,895 tweets with the word “Iveco” written in Spain were selected by streaming API, and their content was analyzed by lexical analysis using Iramuteq software (Reinert method). This software carries out an automatic lexical classification cluster analysis that groups the most significant words and text segments according to their co-occurrence. The results revealed that, on Twitter, it was stressed that the victim was a married woman with children who had practiced sexting. However, in response to this initial description, many voices also emerged that labelled this image-based abuse as gender-based online violence. Criticism was aimed at both the passivity of the company, and the attitude of hundreds of thousands of people who share the sexting video by WhatsApp groups without permission. Consequently, several feminist mobilizations emerged, framing this case within a sexist and patriarchal society and asking for accountability. However, in contrast, countermovements such as the #NotAllMen also emerged.