bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatous Elements in the Urinary Tract
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Sato Keiichi , Tachikawa Shinzo , Tamura Takami , Uehara Toru , Emura Iwao
Published: December 2008

We report six cases of carcinoma showing sarcomatous change in the urinary tract examined by conventional histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. All of the cases were transitional cell carcinoma with or without focal squamous cell carcinoma. Sarcomatous components resembling spindle cell sarcoma with a marked myxoid stroma or chondrosarcomatous element were also observed in all cases. The sarcomatous elements were closely associated with the areas of squamous cell carcinoma in three cases. Various histochemical staining procedures demonstrated mesenchymal features in the stroma of sarcomatous areas. By immunohistochemical examination, the epithelial components showed positive reactions for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and, focally, carcinoembryonic antigen. The sarcomatous components revealed a positive immunoreaction for keratin but lacked other epithelial markers in all cases. Chondrosarcomatous elements in two cases were positive for both keratin and S 100 protein. These findings indicate that sarcomatous elements in carcinoma may represent mesenchymal metaplasia with partial or complete loss of epithelial features. However, further study will be necessary in order to determine whether heterogeneous elements, such as chondrosarcomatous areas, are epithelial or truly mesenchymal in origin. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 143‐149, 1991.
Abnormal Granulopoiesis of Leukemic Cells with Basophil/Mast Cell Features Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Observations
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Kakihara Toshio , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Sato Kazumasa , Hasegawa Tomiyoshi , Momozaki Susumu , Kishi Kenji , Shibata Akira , Abe Atsushi , Kurokawa Izumi
Published: December 2008

We have carried out cytochemical and ultrastructural examination of human leukemic cells showing basophil/mast cell features derived from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or basophilic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leukemic cells in each case initially showed meta‐chromasia with toluidine blue and various degrees of positivity for astra blue. Other cytochemical results showed considerable variety among cases. The number of granules increased in short‐term culture in every case. Ultrastructurally, small membrane‐bound granules with or without myelinoid bodies or glycogen particles were present in immature blasts, followed by production of other granule types. In some cases, leukemic cells before and after liquid culture contained the typical basophil granules with or without myelinoid bodies, but the matrix was more loose than normal. Granules showing whorl or scroll matrix profiles, which were typical for mast cells, were present in two cases. In one case, immatue leukemic cells contained theta granules, and some mature forms after short term culture contained typical basophil/mast cell granules as well as theta granules. Leukemic cells occasionally contained multivesicular granules predominantly. These results indicate that leukemic cells with basophil/ mast cell features show a heterogeneous configuration and contain abnormal granules differing from normal ones. This abnormal granulopoiesis may be attributable to the results of leukemic events and may be a hallmark for recognition of leukemic basophils/mast cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 531–539, 1991.
Quantitative Study of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Subdivisions of the Hippocampus
Authors: Mizutani Toshio , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

The frequency of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in relation to aging was examined in five regions of the hippocampus of 139 normal controls (60 to 106 years) and 14 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). The regions were CA4, CA3, CA2 and CA1, the latter being subdivided into CA1a (the region near CA2) and CAlb (the region near the subiculum). Only CA2 showed no correlation of NFTs with normal aging. CA2 in SDAT was the site most vulnerable to NFT formation. Therefore, it is considered that CA2 is a special region in both normal aging and SDAT. CA1 was characterized by the early appearance of large amounts of NFT, and was the most reliable marker of senile change related to aging. Like CA1, both CA3 and CA4 showed an increase of NFTs with normal aging, but their aging process was far less marked. In addition, statistical analysis based on a “normal” distribution was considered to be unsuitable for quantitative study of senile change, because no histogram of NFTs in any subdivisions for any age showed such a distribution. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 597‐603, 1991.
Hepatic Cytomegalovirus Involvement in Autopsy Cases
Authors: Sano Nobuya , Izumi Keisuke
Published: December 2008

Hepatic involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in 15 autopsy cases with disseminated or solitary CMV infection. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody against early and late CMV antigens, and by in situ hybridization (ISH) using biotinylated CMV DNA probes. Three cases showed cytomegalic cells in liver sections by conventional staining, five showed hybridization with CMV DNA probes and seven showed reaction with the monoclonal antibody in the liver. CMV infection was detected not only in cytomegalic cells but also in many non‐cytomegalic cells by IHC and ISH, proving these techniques to be superior to routine histological examination. The inflammatory reaction in the liver was not prominent. The reason for the weak inflammatory response in the liver of our present cases, and the possible availability of IHC and ISH for analysis of liver biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from immunocompromised hosts were discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 668–672, 1991.
B‐cell Lymphoma with Vimentin‐positive Cytoplasmic Inclusions
Authors: Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Maruyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A 60‐year‐old woman complaining of cervical lymph‐adenopathy was admitted to Keiyu General Hospital, Yokohama. Malignant lymphoma involving systemic lymph nodes and the bilateral tonsils was suspected by computed tomography. The biopsy diagnosis of the cervical lymph nodes was B‐cell lymphoma, diffuse medium‐sized cell type. The cleaved centrocytic lymphoma cells were immunoreactive for CD20 and CD22 but negative for immunoglobulins. Characteristically, a considerable number of neoplastic lymphocytes possessed eosinophilic round inclusions in the cytoplasm. The inclusions were green in color by Papanicolaou staining, whereas they appeared vacuole like in Giemsa‐stained preparations. Ultrastructural study confirmed the presence of aggregates of intermediate‐sized filamentous structures mainly in the perinuclear area. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were poorly developed. Immunocyto‐chemical staining using cytologic specimens and fresh‐frozen sections disclosed that the inclusions were composed of vimentin filaments. Morphologic similarities to signet ring cell lymphoma are discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 473 479, 1991.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Five Classes of Intermediate Filament in a Benign Pelvic Soft Tissue Tumor of Rhabdoid Appearance
Authors: Nakazato Yoichi , Hirato Junko , Nakanishi Yukihiro , Tamaki Osamu , Yazaki Chiaki
Published: December 2008

A benign pelvic soft tissue tumor from a 50 year old woman was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with a hyaline appearance, which was filled with large aggregates of intermediate‐sized filaments (IF). The cells were positively immunostained by antibodies against cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament proteins. This case represents an extreme example of the simultaneous expression of IF by neoplastic cells, and exemplifies the limited applicability of immunohistochemical detection of IF antigens for pathological diagnosis of neoplasms. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 65–72, 1991.
An Unusual Form of Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorder Aleukemic Basophilic Leukemia
Authors: Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A 52‐year‐old Japanese man manifested various clinical signs and symptoms such as vomiting, high fever, dyspnea, cough, sweating, palpitation, eosinophilic leukocytosis and hepatosplenomegaly. These histamine related clinical manifestations showed a dramatic response to steroid therapy. After 10 months of hospitalization, he suddenly succumbed to candidal septicemia at the end of the third cycle of steroid therapy. Autopsy revealed neoplastic proliferation of immature basophils in various internal organs without involvement of the skin. The neoplastic cells, positive immunohistochemically for leukocyte common antigen, possessed lobulated nuclei and weakly metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, predominantly of the basophil type, which exhibited weak naphthol ASD‐chloroacetate esterase activity. Mast cell type granules were also observed ultrastructurally. The neoplastic infiltration was associated with fibrosis in the liver, spleen and bone marrow and with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and perihypophyseal tissue. The bone marrow showed uneven and multifocal involvement. Despite the lack of leukemic manifestations and the results of chromosomal analysis, the most suitable diagnosis was aleukemic basophilic leukemia within the category of chronic myeloproliferative disorder. Kinship of this neoplasia to systemic mastocytosis is discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 73 81, 1991.
Three‐dimensional Reorganization of a Cell Line of Papilla Vateri Adenocarcinoma in Various Culture Conditions
Authors: Niihashi Mari , Nemoto Norimichi , Sakurai Isamu
Published: December 2008

SAV‐I, a cell line derived from a well differentiated adenocarcinoma of Vater's papilla, was cultured under four different conditions using collagen gel matrices (type I collagen): 1) double‐layered, 2) floating double‐layered, 3) embedded, and 4) floating embedded, then observed by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Under all four conditions, three‐dimensional growth with tubules occurred. In particular, the floating double‐layered condition, where the cells were cultured between two collagen gel layers, then floated onto the medium, was useful for showing cellular reorganization. The three‐dimensional growth patterns observed in vitro closely resembled the in vivo growth of SAV I cells transplanted into nude mice. Therefore, we conclude that the floating double‐layered condition is useful for demonstrating the morphological characteristics of the parent cells of established cell lines, and should be advantageous for studies of the relationship between cellular morphology and function in vitro.
The Presence of Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone‐related Protein in Parathyroid Adenoma Cells
Authors: Matsushita Hiroshi , Hara Mitsuru , Nakazawa Hideki , Shishiba Yoshimasa , Matuhasi Tyoku
Published: December 2008

Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) was first identified in human malignant tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. We immunohisto‐chemically examined the distribution of PTHrP both in 7 normal parathyroid glands and in 20 parathyroid adenomas. Sixty five percent of parathyroid adenomas (13 cases) were positive for PTHrP, whereas only one normal parathyroid gland was positive for PTHrP in the area of transitional oxyphil cells. Many parathyroid adenomas (12 cases) were composed of both PTHrP positive cells and ‐negative cells, and these two different type of cells showed a tendency to form nodules respectively in parathyroid adenoma. Although both chief cells and oxyphil or transitional oxyphil cells were positive for PTHrP in parathyroid adenoma, oxyphil or transitional oxyphil cells were more responsible for PTHrP production than chief cells. Chief cells are thought to produce parathyroid hormone mainly in parathyroid adenoma. On the other hand, little is known concerning the function and role of oxyphil or transitional oxyphil cells. Our results suggest that oxyphil or transitional oxyphil cells in parathyroid adenoma may have some functional roles different from those of chief cells through the production of PTHrP.
An Autopsy Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Extensive Peliosis Hepatis
Authors: Otani Masako , Ohaki Yoshiharu , Nakatani Yukio , Ito Eriko , Shimoyama Kiyoshi , Misugi Kazuaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of renal cell carcinoma with extensive peliosis hepatis is reported. The patient was a 34‐year‐old female, who had had a left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma but died of multiple metastases one year and 4 months after surgery, despite chemotherapy and interferon treatment. At autopsy, the liver was enlarged markedly with multiple metastatic nodules and the nonneoplastic hepatic parenchyma had a spongy appearance, due to diffusely scattered, blood‐filled cystic lesions. Histological examination showed the oval to irregular shaped blood‐filled spaces were lined by hepatic cell cords and located mainly in the periportal area. In addition, almost all of the sinusoids were dilated and communicated with the cystic blood‐filled spaces, which also communicated directly with branches of the portal veins at various levels. Several interlobular portal branches were obstructed. The causative mechanism of peliosis hepatis has yet to be elucidated, although some causative conditions have been proposed. In this case, renal cell carcinoma may have caused the sinusoidal dilatation and the vascular changes in the portal areas, such as obstruction of terminal portal branches, may have contributed to its formation.
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (Giant Cell Tumor of the Synovium) Occurring in the Vertebral Column
Authors: Kuwabara Hiroko , Uda Hirotsugu , Nakashima Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A case of pigmented villonodular synovitis (giant cell tumor of the synovium) involving the vertebral column is presented. The tumor grew outside the dura and extended to the paravertebral connective tissue, causing sensory and motor disturbance indicative of spinal cord compression. This anatomic location is very rare for lesions of this type, and to our knowledge, this case is only the fifth reported in the English language literature.
Osteosarcoma Resembling Osteoblastoma and Its Heterotransplantation into Nude Mice
Authors: Nojima Takayuki , Yamaguchi Hideo , Nagashima Kazuo , Nagai Yuji , Kanda Makoto
Published: December 2008

We describe a case of bone tumor in the left tenth rib that was diagnosed as a low‐grade osteosarcoma resembling osteoblastoma. This diagnosis was supported by clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings. Specimens of this tumor were transplanted into nude mice, and the morphology of the transplanted tumors was examined. The transplanted tumors were similar histologically to the parent tumor. Ultrastructurally, the transplanted osteoblasts showed irregular, indented nuclei, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and varying amounts of intercellular junctional complexes. Our transplantable tumor could be valuable as an experimental model for studies on this tumor type.
Appearance of Ulex europaeus Agglutinin‐1 and Griffonia simplicifolia Agglutinin‐1 Binding Sites on Cancer Cells in Sigmo‐rectal Polyps
Authors: Watanabe Makoto , Ohtani Hiroshi , Tanaka Michiko , Ikehara Hideo
Published: December 2008

Ninety three polypectomized cases from the sigmo‐rectal region were examined by lectin histochemistry. On the apical surface, the UEA‐1 binding sites were positive in 24/29 carcinomas and in 25/62 adenomas; while the GSA‐1 binding sites were positive in 16/29 carcinomas and in 0/62 adenomas. In 2 non neoplastic polyps, only one case was UEA‐1 positive: none was GSA‐1 positive. In neighbouring regions, adenomas adjacent to carcinomas were UEA 1 positive in 9/27 cases and GSA‐1 positive in 3/27 cases. Thus, the GSA‐1 binding sites were expressed more specifically on carcinomas. In the Golgi area, none of the polyps was UEA 1 positive while most of the cells showing GSA‐1 positivity were apt to do so within the cells without showing GSA‐1 positivity on the apical surface. There were no correlations between the positive rate of the lectin binding sites on the apical surface and the stage of cancer development or the histology of the adenoma on which a cancer developed. The meaning of this restricted appearance of the GSA‐1 binding sites on the cancer cell surface was discussed in relation to observations previously reported in the literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 800 806, 1992.
Epitopic Heterogeneity of the CD36 Antigen Expressed by Normal and Neoplastic Endothelial Cells: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Novel Monoclonal Antibody 8C9
Authors: Kudo Eiji , Hirose Takanori , Sano Toshiaki , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) is being recognized with increasing frequency. Here we report a novel murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb), named 8C9, that detects a unique epitope on the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD36 (platelet glyco‐protein IV or Illb) expressed by both normal and neoplastic ECs. In immunohistochemical and flow cytometric studies, 8C9 immunoreactivity was detected on capillary ECs, adipocytes, monocytes, platelets and a human monocytoid cell line U 937, which are known to express the CD36 antigen. Blocking experiments using U ‐937 cells and studies on cryostat sections revealed that a murine MoAb OKM5, which detects the CD36 antigen, blocked the binding of 8C9 to its antigen. lmmunoblot analysis showed that 8C9 bound to a 97‐kDa membrane protein expressed by U 937 cells treated with phorbol ester. These results indicate that 8C9 detects the CD36 antigen. However, the findings that some OKMS‐ positive normal ECs in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes as well as neoplastic ECs in a cutaneous angiosarcoma did not react with 8C9, together with the fact that the CD36 antigen does not form a complex or associate with other proteins, suggest epitopic heterogeneity of the CD36 antigen expressed by these tissues. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 807–817, 1992.
Changes in Spermatozoa due to Large Doses of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Authors: Ide Yoshihiro , Kaido Masanobu , Koide Osamu
Published: December 2008

To investigate the changes of spermatozoa by high doses of vitamin B6, (B6), the alterations in spermatozoa and testis of rats after the administration of high doses of B6 were evaluated quantitatively and morphometrically. Wistar rats of 11 weeks of age were intraperitoneally injected with 63,125,250 and 500 mg/kg of B6 daily 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Using the spermatozoa taken from the epididymis and ductus deferens, the number, motility and nuclear morphology of spermatozoa were examined. After preparing 7 parameters for the nuclear morphology, the morphometry was performed by an IBAS version 2 (Zeiss) image analysis system. The number of spermatocytes and spermatids in representative stages of spermatogenesis was counted per Sertoli cell histologically. Mild deformation of spermatozoa nuclei occurred in the 63 mg or more exposure groups. In the 125 and 250 mg groups, the decrease in number as well as motility of spermatozoa together with slight decrease of spermatids in late maturation phase (mature spermatids) and the delay in spermia‐tion appeared. Phagocytosis of mature spermatids by Sertoli cells was clearly increased in the 250 mg group. The alteration and the decreased number of spermatozoa are suggested to have mainly resulted from alteration of mature spermatids and the increased phagocytosis of mature spermatids by Sertoli cells. Computer‐assisted morphometry of spermatozoa nuclei was useful not only to evaluate morphological changes objectively but also to discern them early. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 861–869, 1992.
Establishment of a Human Hepatoblastoma Model In Athymic Nude Mice
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Watanabe Kazuo , Hirota Masayuki , Iwafuchi Makoto , Ono Teruo , Aoyagi Yutaka , Ito Seiki
Published: December 2008

An athymic nude mouse model of human hepatoblastoma, designated HBL 2, was established. HBL 2 produced α ‐fetoprotein (AFP) and the serum level in tumor‐bearing mouse was roughly proportional to the tumor weight. Reactivity of AFP to Concanavalin A and Lens culinaris lectins indicated that it contained predominantly fucosylated, non bisecting N acetylglucosamine as a sugar moiety. Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) was also found in both HBL 2 tumor extract and sera of tumor bearing mice. The serum level, however, was not proportional to either the tumor weight or the value of the tumor extract. In addition, fatty acid binding protein (FABP) was detected in approximately 40% of tumor cells and in tumor extract with polyclonal antibody against liver FABP. Thus, HBL 2 is an unique model of human hepatoblastoma, in that it produces FABP in addition to AAG and AFP. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 255 261, 1992.
Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of the Lung with Amyloid Stroma
Authors: Abe Yoshiyuki , Utsunomiya Hirotoshi , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung with amyloid stroma seen in a 43 year old woman is reported. The 47·45·33 mm tumor, located at the periphery of the S8 segment of the resected left lower lobe, revealed Dylon‐positive amyloid deposition in the stroma. The argyrophilic tumor cells with occasional mitoses and focal venous involvement predominantly showed immunoreactivity of cytokeratin, neuron‐specific enolase, cystatin C, chromogranin A, calcitonin and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Fewer cells were im‐munoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), the a subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, gastrin releasing peptide, serotonin, methionine enkephalin and gastrin. Immunoreactive CGRP or NPY were co localized in calcitonin positive cells. The amyloid substance was positively labeled only for CGRP. Immunostaining for amylin, a polypeptide isolated from insular amyloid in type II diabetes mellitus or insulinoma showing a 50% homology with CGRP, was negative. The specificity of immunostaining for calcitonin, CGRP and amylin was confirmed by immunoabsorption tests using synthetic human antigens. Immunoelectron microscopic studies disclosed peptide localization in neurosecretory‐type granules and CGRP immunoreactivity in extracellular amyloid fibrils. This is the first report describing CGRP as a component of amyloid of endocrine origin. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 286‐292, 1992.
Vasculitis and Pyrexia Associated with Superficial Spreading Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Akikusa Bunshiro , Harihara Yasushi , Nagato Yoshinobu , Nobori Masakazu
Published: December 2008

A case of low grade fever developing about a month before the discovery of gastric carcinoma is reported. No findings of infection or collagen disease were revealed. The fever continued for about 3 months, but promptly disappeared after surgical removal of the tumor. A superficial spreading mucosal carcinoma with minimal invasion to the sub‐mucosa was seen in the antrum, showing the features of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In addition, unique venous inflammation was recognized beneath and around the neoplasm. Arteries and lymph vessels did not exhibit any inflammatory changes. It was presumed that the gastric carcinoma had induced phlebitis, which subsequently brought about the fever. As to the pathogenetic mechanism, it was suggested that a substance produced by the carcinoma cells flowed into nearby veins to induce the phlebitis. Acta Pathol Jpn 42 : 293‐297, 1992.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Examination of Histiocytosis X Cells in Pulmonary Eosinophilic Granuloma
Authors: Sakuma Nobuo , Kamei Toshiaki , Ohta Michisuke , Oda Toshiro , Hongo Hiroshi , Okamura Hiroshi , Ishihara Tokuhiro
Published: December 2008

We describe histological, immunohistochemical, and ultra‐structural findings in pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma (PEG) from three patients. The specimens were taken by open‐lung biopsy. The lesions of the lung were composed of histiocytic cells, macrophages and eosinophils. The histiocytic cells reacted positively with anti‐S‐100 protein antibody. The histiocytic cells had various types of Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm. The histiocytic cells were histiocytosis X (HX) cells considered to be derived from Langerhans cells. Sporadic mitosis of HX cells was observed. Some HX cells had migrated from the lesions into the alveolar spaces through the alveolar cell layers. In the lesions of PEG, HX cells have self‐reproduction and migration capability. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 719–726, 1992.
Histomorphological Characteristics of Cholangiocellular Carcinomas in Northeast Thailand, Where a Region Infection with the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini is Endemic
Authors: Shirai Tomoyuki , Pairojkul Chawalit , Ogawa Kumiko , Naito Hatsumi , Thamavit Witaya , Bhudhisawat Watcharabhong , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Northeast Thailand has a very high incidence rate of intrahepatic biliary tumors which is believed to closely related to infestation with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This study was conducted to ascertain whether there are any phenotypic differences in such tumors between northeast Thailand and Japan, a country free of liver flukes. Forty one intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas from patients in northeast Thailand were histopathologically compared with 39 lesions collected in Japan. The proportions of each type of adenocarcinoma in the Thailand cases were similar to those of the Japanese cases except that medullary type poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was only found in the series from Thailand. Whether the presence of medullary lesions only in the cases from the area of endemic fluke infection implies differences in etiology remains in question. The similarity in the majority of histological types, the inflammatory reactions observed in the bile ducts and the earlier development of tumors in association with parasites suggests that tumor promotion resulting from liver fluke infection rather than quantitative or qualitative differences in genetic alterations is responsible for the high frequency of cholangiocellular carcinomas in northeast Thailand. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 734–739, 1992.
Selective zonal change of the renomedullary interstitial cells in hypokalemic rats
Authors: Toyoshima Hazime , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic morphometry was undertaken to quantitate the morphological change of the renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) of hypokalemic rats by using large montages. Two weeks of potassium depletion resulted in an increase of the RIC, which were restricted to the interbundle region of the inner stripe of the outer medulla. The increase of the RIC is characterized by a preferential increase in volume density (+340.0%;P < 0.01) and numerical density (+61.4%;P < 0.01) in the interbundle region but not in the vascular bundle of the inner stripe or in the inner medulla. The increased RIC in the interbundle region of the inner stripe demonstrated an increase of lipid droplets, which are known to contain prostaglandin precursors. The selective zonal change of RIC with increased lipid droplets is a characteristic lesion of hypokalemic rats and suggests an enhanced vasoactive function of RIC associated with hypokalemic nephropathy.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with histiocytic phenotypes
Authors: Sakurai Shinji , Nakajima Takashi , Oyama Tetunari , Sano Takaaki , Hosomura Yasuo
Published: December 2008

A 38 year old man died suddenly of widespread lymphoid neoplasm after a short clinical course. Histologically the tumor was composed of pleomorphic large cells that often demonstrated phagocytic activity. Moreover, histochemical and immunohistochemical tests revealed that the tumor cells had the phenotypes of both anaplastic large cell lymphoma and histiocytic cells. lmmunogenotyping failed to demonstrate any lymphoid nature. This case might be categorized as anaplastic large cell lymphoma with histiocytic phenotypes.
An unusual heterotopia of pyloric glands of the stomach with inverted downgrowth
Authors: Kamata Yoshimasa , Kurotaki Hidekachi , Onodera Takafumi , Nishida Naoki
Published: December 2008

A rarely reported, large heterotopia of gastric glands in the submucosal layer of the stomach is observed in a 79 year old Japanese man with early gastric cancer. Histologically, it consists of marked hyperplasia of benign foveolar‐type epithelia and tubular glands which instead of growing upwards grow downwards into the submucosa. Immunohistochemically, many gastrin‐positive G cells are observed within it, indicating the existence of independent pyloric‐type glands from the surrounding mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Muscle actin‐positive fascicles, derived from the muscularis mucosae, are demonstrated to branch into it and to encapsulate it. This result suggests that the present lesion may not represent a truly submucosal ectopic location, but an inverted downgrowth of the mucosa into the submucosa, thus resembling an inverted polyp of the colon. An awareness of this unique lesion is important in order that it not be mistaken for a submucosal extension of the primary adenocarcinoma.
Spontaneous amyloidosis in senile NSY mice
Authors: Shimizu Kiyoshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Niwa Toshiyuki , Maeda Kenji , Shibata Masao , Higuchi Keiichi , Takeda Toshio
Published: December 2008

Senile Nagoya, Shibata, Yasuda (NSY) mice developed amyloidosis and died from renal failure as a result of amyloidosis. NSY mice were first reported as experimental congenital diabetic mice by Shibata et al. in 1980. This study questioned whether NSY mice died from diabetic nephropathy. The authors of the present study investigated the life span and cause of death in these micde. The life span of NSY mice was found to be 618.7 ± 72.5 days. NSY mice that lived for more than 400 days showed rising blood uread nitrogen and large amounts of amyloid deposits in the glomerulus of the kidneys. NSY mice died of renal amyloidosis. Immunological methods revealed that AApoAll was evident in the amyloid deposits of NSY mice. Apart from the kidneys, amyloid deposition was also found in the tongue, esojphagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, lung, heart and adrenal glands. Amyloid deposits were found to a slight degree In the liver and the spleen. The most dominant amyloid deposition in NSY mice was seen in the glomerulus of the kidneys. From the point of view of amyloid depositional distribution, NSY mice were unique compared with other spontaneous amyloid mice.
Erythroblasts as an index of initial stage of 2,7‐FAA, ENU and BNu‐induced rat leukemia
Authors: Takayama Shojiro
Published: December 2008

The appearance of orthochromatic erythroblasts in the peripheral blood was evaluated as an index of the initial stage of leukemia induced in rats by the oral administration of N,N'‐2,7‐fluorenylenebisacetamide, 1‐ethyl‐1‐nitrosourea and 1‐butyl‐1‐nitrosourea. Solitary leukemia lesions found mainly in the bone marrow and composed of one or a few nodular foci were found by using erythroblasts as an index. The time interval from the first appearance of erythroblasts to autopsy was short in solitary lesions, slightly longer in scattered lesions, and even longer in diffuse leukemia lesions. Although the appearance of orthochromatic erythroblasts in the peripheral blood was due to several causes other than leukemia, this appearance was useful as an index of the initial stage of chemically induced leukemia in rats.
Mixed medullary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid: Report of two cases with an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kashima Kenji , Yokoyama Shigeo , Inoue Souichi , Daa Tsutomu , Kodama Masaaki , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

Two cases of mixed medullary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid (MFC) and two cases of thyroid carcinoma resembling MFC are reported with a description of their histological and immunohistochemical features. Two cases of MFC with lymph node metastasis were histologically distinguishable from each other because one had a follicular structure filled with a thyroglobulin (TG)‐positive colloid‐like substance and the other did not have it. Although one of the thyroid carcinomas resembling MFC was similar to the case of MFC with a follicular structure in its primary lesion, it showed no lymph node metastasis. The metastatic lesion of the thyroid carcinoma resembling MFC consisted of TG‐ positive cells and neighboring calcitonin (CT)‐positive cells. However the primary lesion exhibited the typical features of papillary carcinoma except for the presence of a small lesion which stained negatively for both TG and CT. The two types of tumor were not intermingled in a single tumor. These cases of thyroid carcinoma resembling MFC have a possibility of being MFC. However they should not be classified as MFC because lymph node metastasis or the coexistence of medullary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma in their primary lesion was not proved.
A case of AFP‐positive pancreas palillary carcinoma suggestive of a primitive endoderm phenotype
Authors: Iwai Kazuhiro , Ishikura Hiroshi , Inoue Tsuneo , Yoshiki Taskshi
Published: December 2008

In a 70 year old woman with a tumor in the head of the pancreas, the lesion was predominantly composed of papillary adenocarcinoma protruding into the main pancreatic duct, with periductal invasion. The major portion of the adenocarcinoma was intraductal and was composed of tall columnar epithelial cells with pseudostratified nuclei, had the appearance of primitive endodermal epithelium and was positive for carcino‐embryonic antigen. In contrast, in the other portion of the adenocarcinoma which had the predominant component of periductal invasion, neoplastic cells had an irregular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, resembled ordinary pancreas adenocarcinoma of ductal origin and was positive for CA19‐9. Neuro‐endocrine and alpha‐fetoprotein‐positive cells with a primitive appearance were scattered among the neoplastic epithelial linings. In addition, a vimentin‐positive sarcomatoid component intermingled with the adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that the adenocarcinoma observed in this tumor with the primitive appearance also had a primitive phenotype. This was evidenced by immunohistochemistry and the divergent directions of differentiation. This particular case illustrates that pancreas adenocarcinoma of the ordinary histologic type can arise secondarily from the more primitive neoplastic cells during carcinogenesis within the pancreatic duct.
Effects of sex hormones on induction of intestinal metaplasia by X‐irradiation in rats.
Authors: Watanabe Hiromitsu , Okamoto Taro , Matsuda Masahiro , Takahashi Tadateru , Ogundigie Peter Osa , Ito Akihiro
Published: December 2008

The influence of sex hormones on induction of intestinal rnetaplasia was examined in 5 week old Crj: CD (SD) rats of both sexes. At the age of 4 weeks, the animals were gonadectornized and given testosterone or dimethyl estradiol (DES). One week after operation, they were irradiated with two 10 Gy doses of X‐rays to the gastric region at a 3 day interval for a total of 20 Gy. At the termination of the experiment, 6 months after the X‐irradiation, the incidence of intestinal metaplasia with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive foci in males was significantly higher than in females, in orchidectomized males or orchidectomized plus DES treated rats (P <0.01). On the other hand, the incidence of intestinal metaplasia with ALPpositive foci in normal females appeared lower than in ovariectomized females (P < 0.01), and was increased in rats by treatment with testosterone or decreased by DES. Numbers of foci of intestinal metaplasias with Paneth cells and total numbers appeared to increase in males treated with DES. The results suggested a promoting role for testosterone in the development of ALP positive lesions and indicated considerable heterogeneity between intestinal metaplasia subtypes.
An experimental model for anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea
Authors: Shibutani Makoto , Maekawa Akihiko , Okeda Riki , Mitsumori Kunitoshi , Imazawa Takayoshi , Yoshida Junichi , Onodera Hiroshi , Hayashi Yuzo
Published: December 2008

An experimental model for induction of gliomas corresponding to human anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas is reported. Eleven week old F344 and ACI rats were given 100 or 200 p.p.m. N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) solution as their drinking water for 42 weeks. Gliomas were induced at very high incidences (82.5‐92.5%) in each group. Induced gliomas showed apparent evidence of morphologic malignancy by an analysis based on diagnostic criteria of human astrocytomas. All of the gliomas from the killed animals were classified histologically into subtypes according to the classification scheme used in the diagnosis of human gliomas. The majority of macrotumors more than 1 mm in diameter in both strains were diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. lmmunohistochemically, tumor cells in these tumors were almost negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, while ultrastructurally neoplastic astrocytes contained glial filaments. A strain difference was observed in the ratio of histological subtypes of macrotumors. In F344 rats, astrocytic tumors diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas of an astrocytic type formed the majority, whereas glioblastomas of mixed oligo‐astrocytic type predominated in ACI rats. The results indicate that MNU‐administration to adult F344 rats may provide a suitable experimental model for gliomas which occur in adult humans.
Pathologic analyses of non‐overt necrotizing type Kikuchi and Fujimotos disease
Authors: Takano Yasuo , Saegusa Makoto , Okudaira Masahito
Published: December 2008

Twenty‐eight cases of non‐overt necrotizing type Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease (KF disease, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) were investigated clinicopathologically, immu‐nohistochemically and electron microscopically in order to analyze the nature of this disease. In addition, investigations to detect the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were also performed as a high incidence of positive serum immunoreactivity to EBV had been revealed in the cases examined. The clinical features were an equal male to female ratio, mean age of 26 years, mild leukopenia and about 40% association with fever over 38°C. The major particular pathologic features were: (i) varying amounts of nuclear debris in the pathologic areas, identified as apopto‐sis by electron microscopy; (ii) presence of medium to large sized transformed lymphocytes (immunoblasts), a very small number of them positive for both UCHL1 and L26, and plasmacytoid cells, some of them positive for UCHL1; and (iii) characteristically shaped histiocytes predominant in the pathologic areas, with irregular nuclei and strongly positive for anti‐lysozyme and anti‐α1‐antitrypsin antibodies. Investigations with PCR and ISH revealed a complete absence of EBV in these cases despite excellent results for positive controls. It was therefore considered that EBV was not a causative virus for KF disease.
Expression of sialosyl‐Tn in intestinal type cancer cells of human gastric cancers
Authors: Iwata Hitoshi , Itzkowitz Steven H. , Werther J. Lawrence , Hayashi Kayoko , Nakamura Hideo , Ichinose Masao , Miki Kazumasa , Tatematsu Masae
Published: December 2008

A sample of 219 primary stomach cancers, 143 advanced cancers and 76 early cancers were examined for mucin histochemical staining (the paradoxical concanavalin A method, the galactose oxidase‐Schiff [GOS] reaction, and the sialidase‐GOS reaction) and immunohistochemical reactivity (pepsinogen [Pg] I, Pg II, SH‐9 and TKH‐2). Gastric cancer cells were clearly classified according to mucin histochemistry into a gastric type, including mucus neck cell, pyloric gland cell and surface mucus cell types, and an intestinal type, including goblet‐cell, and intestinal absorptive cell types. TKH‐2 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the mucin‐associated sialosyl‐Tn antigen, reacted with the mucin of goblet cells in both the normal small intestine and in the intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Sixty‐five of 106 (61%) differentiated adenocarcinomas and 76 of 113 (67%) undifferentiated adenocarcinomas had over 10% of their cancer cells positive for TKH‐2. The TKH‐2‐positive cancers were primarily classified as a goblet‐cell type by mucin‐histochemical staining and the other immunohistochemical staining methods. Therefore, it is concluded that sialosyl‐Tn is an excellent marker of small intestinal mucins and is indicative of a small intestinal type of differentiation in two‐thirds of gastric cancers.
Mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary: Immunohistochemical study with histogenetic consideration
Authors: Haba Reiji , Kobayashi Shoji , Miki Hiroshi , Hirakawa Eiichiro , Mori Seiji , Ohmori Masaki , Handou Tamotsu , Shiota Atsuko , Ishii Yoshio
Published: December 2008

The clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of three cases of ovarian mixed mesodermal tumor (MMT) were examined. The epithelial component was serous papillary cystadenocarclnoma in case 1 and 3, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma in case 2. In case 1, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma was also seen. The mesenchymal component was fibrosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous in case 1 and 2. In case 3, only fibrosarcomatous area was seen. No endometriosis was observed. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component showed positivity for epithelial membrane antigen in all three cases. S‐100 protein was positive in two cases with chondrosarcomatous differentiation. The fibrosarcomatous area showed positivity for vimentin in all three cases. However desmin, myosin and myoglobin were negative. The antibodies thought to be epithelial or mesenchymal markers unexpectedly reacted positively in some cells; for example, EMA was positive in fibrosarcomatous and chondrosarcomatous cells. Therefore, it was speculated that because the undifferentiated tumor cells had a biphasic character, MMT might originate from immature multipotential cells of surface epithelium and subcapsular connective tissue of the ovary.
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of autoimmune sialoadenitis in aging BDF1 mice
Authors: Fujiwara Kouji , Larsson Åke , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

To further the understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms involved in spontaneous autoimmune sialoadenitis of aging BDF1 mice, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were undertaken. Eighteen of 19 aging BDF1 mice, 23–27 months of age, developed sialoadenitis spontaneously. By light and electron microscopy, it was observed that the submandibular gland lesion was characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration in the periductal and perivascular areas often accompanied by parenchymal destruction. Immunohistochemically, T cells predominated. The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells ranged from 0.5:1 to 2.9:1, with an average of 1.4:1. It seems likely that not only CD4+ cells, but also CD8+ cells, play a major role in submandibular gland inflammatory reactions of aging BDF1 mice.
Re‐evaluation of a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy previously diagnosed as simian virus 40 (SV40) etiology
Authors: Eizuru Yoshito , Sakihama Kuniharu , Minamishima Yoichi , Hayashi Tohru , Sumiyoshi Akinobu
Published: December 2008

A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) reported previously to be of simian virus (SV40) etiology was re‐evaluated. The supernatant from a 10% homogenate of brain material was inoculated into African green monkey kidney cells and BSC‐1 cells which are permissive for SV40. However no cytopathic effect (CPE) developed and no virus was isolated. The brain supernatant agglutinated human group O erythrocytes and contained 5120 units/mL.

The Hirt supernatant from the brain contained three DNA bands corresponding to forms I, II and III of circular double‐stranded viral DNA. Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis revealed that this viral DNA was different from SV40 DNA, but similar to JC virus DNA. After cloning of this viral DNA into pBR322 at the BamHI site, DNA homology of this virus and of SV40 was investigated. The cloned DNA hybridized with all four HpaI/EcoRI fragments of SV40 genome at the effective temperature (Tm) of −50°C. At Tm −28°C, however, the cloned DNA hybridized with only HpaI/EcoRI fragment B of the SV40 genome. In contrast to this, JC virus DNA hybridized with all five EcoRI/BamHI/HindIII fragments of cloned DNA even at Tm −28°C. Therefore, the causative agent of this PML case was not SV40 but JC virus.
Establishment and immunohistochemical characterization of an experimentally induced transplantable malignant schwannoma in the rat and two derived cell lines
Authors: Satoh Hiroshi , Shimoda Hiroshi , Daa Tsutomu , Kashima Kenji , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao
Published: December 2008

Oral administration of N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine induced gastrointestinal tumors in 15 out of 19 rats: six adenomas, seven adenocarcinomas, one fibrosarcoma and one malignant schwannoma that was homotransplantable. Both the original and transplantable tumor exhibited characteristic morphological features and immunoreactivity identical to that of a human malignant schwannoma: positive reaction for S‐100 protein, neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein and vimentin. In addition, α‐smooth muscle actin was expressed in both tumors. Cultured tumor cells derived from the transplantable tumor at passage 3 produced 18 clones which showed anchorage independent growth in soft agar. From these clones, two cell lines showing characteristic immunoreactivity, designated as RMS‐1 and 2, were established. In general, the immunoreactivities of the two cell lines were similar to those of the original tumor; however, the RMS‐1 cell line demonstrated positive immunoreaction for neurofilaments and RMS‐2 was negative for α‐smooth muscle actin. Subcutaneous injection of cultured cells from both cell lines into athymic BALB/c nude mice induced tumors identical to the original tumor. In the present study, transplantable malignant schwannoma was established in the rat and two phenotypes were isolated and established as cell lines.
Ileal duplication cyst associated with heterotopic pancreas: Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Sato Takashi , Oyamada Masahito , Chiba Hideki , Koide Shinji , Yuyama Yuichi , Watabe Kosho , Denno Ryuichi , Ueda Daisuke , Sato Noriyuki , Mori Michio , Hirata Koichi
Published: December 2008

A rare case of solitary Ileal duplication cyst accompanied by heterotopic pancreas in the terminal ileum is presented. An 8 year old boy with an ovoid shaped, elastic soft and pendant‐growing ileal duplication cyst associated with aberrant pancreatic tissue but not communicating with the lumen of the ileum, underwent an adhesiotomy for a small intestinal adhesion that caused bowel obstruction. The obstructive state of the intestine seemed to be caused by an inflammation of the duplication cyst which was 4.5 × 2.7 × 2.5 cm and oval in shape. Excision of the cyst and the heterotopic pancreas was curative. The histological findings were identical to heterotopic pancreas accompanied by ileal duplication without any clinical features of heterotopic pancreas. A review of the literature is presented along with the authors' experience in a case of ileal duplication cyst associated with heterotopic pancreas located in the ileum.