bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEORGE EGERTON'SKEYNOTES: FOOD AND FEMINISM AT THEFIN DE SIÈCLE
Authors: Cameron S. Brooke
Published: May 2018

First published in 1893, George Egerton'sKeynoteswas immediately popular, selling six thousand copies in its first year alone. Appearing three years later, Laura Marholm Hansson's review effectively singles out what made the text such a tremendous success: each story offered readers a probing representation of woman's “consciousness” or inner world of emotional and sexual passions, subjects unavailable in any “previous work.” Egerton was, of course, the penname for Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright, and many of the themes covered inKeynoteswere loosely modeled after her own life. The volume was uncompromising in its portrayal of women's desires, or those “notes” from which it takes its title. “[T]here are no signs of girlish prudery in ‘Keynotes,’” Hansson continues, “it is a liberal book, indiscreet in respect of the intimacies of married life, and entirely without respect for the husband” (63). Despite this high praise, Hansson also worries whetherKeynoteswas not “too good a book to become famous all at once” (61). Her hesitation alludes to the mixed reception among readers and literary critics, for to say that everyone loved Egerton's fiction would be an exaggeration and, more importantly, would miss the cultural work of her appetitive characters. As signaled by the second epigraph, taken from Egerton's “Now Spring Has Come,”Keynoteswas full of stories focused on “unconventional” women who “hungered” for both food and love; such libidinal desires were unthinkable – and even unspeakable – in a world where the proper Victorian lady was defined in terms of bodily sacrifice. While some readers certainly disapproved, still others like Hansson, as the first epigraph suggests, welcomed this “independent” turn in women's writing and saw in Egerton's characters a reflection of their own “woman's individuality.”
Selective bibliography of paleontological techniques (1964–1988)
Authors: Hannibal Joseph T.
Published: May 2018

This bibliography contains works, published from 1964 through late 1988, on paleontological techniques. It is intended to supplement, in part, the earlier bibliography by Kummel in Kummel and Raup (1965). The techniques are those used for vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology, including techniques for some protistan groups, but publications specifically on palynological or paleobotanical techniques are not included. The works included generally, but not entirely, reflect the areas covered in the other chapters of this book. Citations were obtained from many sources, notably theBibliography and Index of Geology. Most publications cited were examined.
Low‐Level Jets Over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea: Climatology, Variability, and the Relationship With Regional Atmospheric Circulations
Authors: Li Delei , von Storch Hans , Yin Baoshu , Xu Zhenhua , Qi Jifeng , Wei Wei , Guo Donglin
Published: May 2018

The present study reveals climate features of low‐level jets (LLJs) over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea (BYS) based on a 35‐year (1979–2013) high‐resolution (7 km) atmospheric hindcast. The regional climate model COSMO‐CLM driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set was used to obtain the hindcast. Through comparison with observations, the hindcast was proved to robustly reproduce the climatology, the diurnal cycle, the variability of wind profiles, and specific LLJ cases. LLJs over the BYS feature a strong diurnal cycle, intra‐annual, and interannual variability but weak decadal variability. LLJs are more frequent in April, May, and June (LLJ season) and less frequent in winter over the Bohai Sea and western coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, which is due to the intra‐annual variations of large‐scale circulation and local land‐sea thermal contrast. In the LLJ season, the heights of jet cores are generally lower than 500 m above sea level. The maximum wind speed of LLJs is mostly in the range of 10–16 m/s, and prevailing wind directions are southerly and southwesterly. The LLJs are of the nocturnal type, with the highest occurrence frequency at approximately 2300 local time. Furthermore, a low‐frequency link between anomalies of LLJ occurrence and regional large‐scale barotropic circulation was identified using canonical correlation analysis and associated correlation patterns. Pressure systems over the East Asia‐northwest Pacific region are significantly correlated with the variations of LLJ occurrence over the BYS in terms of the intra‐annual and interannual variability.
Multiple Choices Exist for Changing Ocean Oxygen Concentrations
Authors: Brewer Peter
Published: May 2018

Widespread declines in ocean oxygen concentrations are now being reported with authors offering quite different explanations. Which ones are correct?
Oblique Thrusting and Strain Partitioning in the Longmen Shan Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Zhigang , Zhang Peizhen , Zheng Wenjun , Jia Dong , Hubbard Judith , Almeida Rafael , Sun Chuang , Shi Xuhua , Li Tao
Published: May 2018

Eastern Tibet is an important example of oblique convergence and associated strain partitioning, as suggested by recent 2‐D and 3‐D structural interpretations, yet the nature and evolution of oblique strain partitioning of this region remain poorly known. Here we use seismic reflection profiles, borehole data, and field investigations in the Longmen Shan piedmont to determine the subsurface structural architecture, and we observe several nearly N‐S striking thrusts and reactivation of NE striking preexisting faults. We interpret that this behavior is due to a regional principal compressional stress oriented in the E‐W direction, oblique to the NE striking Longmen Shan. Using the records of fault activity and related Late Pliocene and Quaternary foreland sediments and growth strata, as well as the coseismic rupture of the 2008Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, we demonstrate that the Longmen Shan has experienced E‐W crustal shortening and oblique motion since ~5–2 Ma. We present two strain partitioning models arising from oblique thrusting in eastern Tibet and suggest that the eastward extrusion from Tibet is mainly accommodated on the strike‐slip Longriba fault and the dip‐slip Longmen Shan‐Min Shan fault zones. These results enhance our understanding of the tectonic relationship between the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and the Sichuan basin and provide additional constraints for studies of the geodynamic response of eastern Tibet to the ongoing India‐Eurasia collision.
Integration of large-scale data for extraction of integrated Arabidopsis root cell-type specific models
Authors: Scheunemann Michael , Brady Siobhan M. , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: May 2018

Plant organs consist of multiple cell types that do not operate in isolation, but communicate with each other to maintain proper functions. Here, we extract models specific to three developmental stages of eight root cell types or tissue layers in Arabidopsis thaliana based on a state-of-the-art constraint-based modeling approach with all publicly available transcriptomics and metabolomics data from this system to date. We integrate these models into a multi-cell root model which we investigate with respect to network structure, distribution of fluxes, and concordance to transcriptomics and proteomics data. From a methodological point, we show that the coupling of tissue-specific models in a multi-tissue model yields a higher specificity of the interconnected models with respect to network structure and flux distributions. We use the extracted models to predict and investigate the flux of the growth hormone indole-3-actetate and its antagonist, trans-Zeatin, through the root. While some of predictions are in line with experimental evidence, constraints other than those coming from the metabolic level may be necessary to replicate the flow of indole-3-actetate from other simulation studies. Therefore, our work provides the means for data-driven multi-tissue metabolic model extraction of other Arabidopsis organs in the constraint-based modeling framework.
Characterization of the rat cerebrospinal fluid proteome following acute cerebral ischemia using an aptamer-based proteomic technology
Authors: Simats Alba , García-Berrocoso Teresa , Ramiro Laura , Giralt Dolors , Gill Natalia , Penalba Anna , Bustamante Alejandro , Rosell Anna , Montaner Joan
Published: May 2018

The limited accessibility to the brain has turned the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into a valuable source that may contribute to the complete understanding of the stroke pathophysiology. Here we have described the CSF proteome in the hyper-acute phase of cerebral ischemia by performing an aptamer-based proteomic assay (SOMAscan) in CSF samples collected before and 30 min after male Wistar rats had undergone a 90 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) or sham-surgery. Proteomic results indicated that cerebral ischemia acutely increased the CSF levels of 716 proteins, mostly overrepresented in leukocyte chemotaxis and neuronal death processes. Seven promising candidates were further evaluated in rat plasma and brain (CKB, CaMK2A, CaMK2B, CaMK2D, PDXP, AREG, CMPK). The 3 CaMK2 family-members and CMPK early decreased in the infarcted brain area and, together with AREG, co-localized with neurons. Conversely, CKB levels remained consistent after the insult and specifically matched with astrocytes. Further exploration of these candidates in human plasma revealed the potential of CKB and CMPK to diagnose stroke, while CaMK2B and CMPK resulted feasible biomarkers of functional stroke outcome. Our findings provided insights into the CSF proteome following cerebral ischemia and identified new outstanding proteins that might be further considered as potential biomarkers of stroke.
Emodin induces liver injury by inhibiting the key enzymes of FADH/NADPH transport in rat liver
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Zhang Yinhuan , Liu Yan , Chen Chang , Xu Wenjuan , Xiao Hongbin
Published: May 2018

Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that occurs in many Chinese medicinal herbs.
Antifouling properties of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide and graphene oxide
Authors: Alam Iftaykhairul , Guiney Linda M. , Hersam Mark C. , Chowdhury Indranil
Published: May 2018

Fouling remains one of the biggest challenges in a myriad of applications such as water filtration, ship hulls, biomedical devices, coating, and painting.
Survey on network flow watermarking: model, interferences, applications, technologies and security
Authors: Zhang Liancheng , Kong Yazhou , Guo Yi , Yan Juwei , Wang Zhenxing
Published: May 2018

Compared with passive flow correlation technologies based on flow characteristics, network flow watermarking, a kind of active flow correlation technology, is characterised by high accuracy, low false positive rate and short observation time. The basic framework and main elements of flow watermarking are formally described. The robustness and invisibility focused by flow watermarking as well as typical application scenarios (such as stepping‐stone traceback, anonymous abuser correlation) of flow watermarking are expounded. The intra‐flow and inter‐flow interferences (such as repacketisation, packet reorder, delay normalisation, flow mixing, flow splitting and flow merging) faced by flow watermarking are briefly introduced. Analysis and comparison on different watermark carriers (packet payload, traffic rate, packet timing, packet number, packet length, packet order and hybrid carrier) based typical flow watermarking technologies, including flow fingerprinting technologies, are conducted, then, a review on security threats faced by flow watermarking, including multi‐flow attack, mean‐square autocorrelation attack, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, BACKLIT detection and replication attack, and main countermeasures for increasing invisibility of flow watermarking is carried out. Current research hotspots and future development trends of flow watermarking are summarised and prospected from the aspects of architecture design, invisibility enhancement, adaptive capability improvement, performance evaluation, deployment and application.
Proposed BISOL Facility – a Conceptual Design
Authors: Ye Yanlin
Published: May 2018

In China, a new large-scale nuclear-science research facility, namely the "Beijing Isotope-Separation-On-Line neutron-rich beam facility (BISOL)", has been proposed and reviewed by the governmental committees. This facility aims at both basic science and application goals, and is based on a double-driver concept. On the basic science side, the radioactive ion beams produced from the ISOL device, driven by a research reactor or by an intense deuteron-beam ac- celerator, will be used to study the new physics and technologies at the limit of the nuclear stability in the medium mass region. On the other side regarding to the applications, the facility will be devoted to the material research asso- ciated with the nuclear energy system, by using typically the intense neutron beams produced from the deuteron-accelerator driver. The initial design will be outlined in this report.
Systematic shell-model study on spectroscopic properties from light to heavy nuclei
Authors: Yuan Cenxi
Published: May 2018

A systematic shell-model study is performed to study the spectroscopic properties from light to heavy nuclei, such as binding energies, energy levels, electromagnetic properties, and β decays. The importance of cross-shell excitation is shown in the spectroscopic properties of neutron-rich boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes. A special case is presented for low-lying structure of 14C. The weakly bound effect of proton 1s1/2 orbit is necessary for the description of the mirror energy difference in the nuclei around A=20. Some possible isomers are predicted in the nuclei in the southeast region of 132Sn based on a newly suggested Hamiltonian. A preliminary study on the nuclei around 208Pb are given to show the ability of the shell model in the heavy nuclei.
Nuclear data correlation between different isotopes via integral information
Authors: Rochman Dimitri A. , Bauge Eric , Vasiliev Alexander , Ferroukhi Hakim , Perret Gregory
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a Bayesian approach based on integral experiments to create correlations between different isotopes which do not appear with differential data. A simple Bayesian set of equations is presented with random nuclear data, similarly to the usual methods applied with differential data. As a consequence, updated nuclear data (cross sections, [see formula in PDF], fission neutron spectra and covariance matrices) are obtained, leading to better integral results. An example for 235U and 238U is proposed taking into account the Bigten criticality benchmark.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma Surgical Evacuation with Burr-Hole Drainage: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Gupta Ashok , Sinha Virendra Deo , Agrawal Yogesh
Published: May 2018

Background Chronic SDH (CSDH) is one of the most common clinical entities in neurosurgery with most favorable prognosis commonly encountered in elderly patients with history of minor trauma and surgery is gold standard treatment.

Objectives This study was done to evaluate the clinical presentation, radiologic findings, complications, and management of patients with CSDH who were treated surgically with burr-hole evacuation.

Materials and Methods This prospective study was done in Department of Neuro-surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India, from September 2015 to April 2016. The sample size was 55.

Results In this study out of 55 patients, 39 (71%) patients were male and 16 (29%) were female. The most common age group in which CSDH observed was between 61 and 70 years. Most common presenting symptom was headache present in 30 (54.55%) patients followed by weakness. Midline shift more than 5 mm was seen in 43 (78%) patients. The most common complication was recurrence of CSDH (5.4%) in our study. Recurrence after single burr hole was 16.6% and 4.1% after double burr holes. Simple pneumocephalus was present in almost all cases and tension pneumocephalus was found in one (1.8%) patient.

Conclusion Complete evacuation of unilateral CSDH by two burr holes at highest point of hematoma is sufficient. Factors affecting recurrence rate include old age, gross midline shift, and single burr hole. Postoperative simple pneumocephalus is a common radiologic finding that requires no treatment and it does not affect ultimate outcome. Tension pneumocephalus is a serious complication requiring emergent treatment.
Using microfluidic devices to study thrombosis in pathological blood flows
Authors: Herbig Bradley A. , Yu Xinren , Diamond Scott L.
Published: May 2018

Extreme flows can exist within pathological vessel geometries or mechanical assist devices which create complex forces and lead to thrombogenic problems associated with disease. Turbulence and boundary layer separation are difficult to obtain in microfluidics due to the low Reynolds number flow in small channels. However, elongational flows, extreme shear rates and stresses, and stagnation point flows are possible using microfluidics and small perfusion volumes. In this review, a series of microfluidic devices used to study pathological blood flows are described. In an extreme stenosis channel pre-coated with fibrillar collagen that rapidly narrows from 500 μm to 15 μm, the plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) will elongate and assemble into thick fiber bundles on the collagen. Using a micropost-impingement device, plasma flow impinging on the micropost generates strong elongational and wall shear stresses that trigger the growth of a VWF bundle around the post (no collagen required). Using a stagnation-point device to mimic the zone near flow reattachment, blood can be directly impinged upon a procoagulant surface of collagen and the tissue factor. Clots formed at the stagnation point of flow impingement have a classic core-shell architecture where the core is highly activated (P-selectin positive platelets and fibrin rich). Finally, within occlusive clots that fill a microchannel, the Darcy flow driven by ΔP/L > 70 mm-Hg/mm-clot is sufficient to drive NETosis of entrapped neutrophils, an event not requiring either thrombin or fibrin. Novel microfluidic devices are powerful tools to access physical environments that exist in human disease.
Microfluidic platform for the real time measurement and observation of endothelial barrier function under shear stress
Authors: Lewis Daniel M. , Mavrogiannis Nicholas , Gagnon Zachary , Gerecht Sharon
Published: May 2018

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a quickly advancing field to measure the barrier function of endothelial cells. Most ECIS systems that are commercially available use gold electrodes, which are opaque and do not allow for real-time imaging of cellular responses. In addition, most ECIS systems have a traditional tissue culture Petri-dish set up. This conventional set-up does not allow the introduction of physiologically relevant shear stress, which is crucial for the endothelial cell barrier function. Here, we created a new ECIS micro-bioreactor (MBR) that incorporates a clear electrode made of indium tin oxide in a microfluidic device. Using this device, we demonstrate the ability to monitor the barrier function along culture of cells under varying flow rates. We show that while two cell types align in the direction of flow in responses to high shear stress, they differ in the barrier function. Additionally, we observe a change in the barrier function in response to chemical perturbation. Following exposure to EDTA that disrupts cell-to-cell junctions, we could not observe distinct morphological changes but measured a loss of impedance that could be recovered with EDTA washout. High magnification imaging further demonstrates the loss and recovery of the barrier structure. Overall, we establish an ECIS MBR capable of real-time monitoring of the barrier function and cell morphology under shear stress and allowing high-resolution analysis of the barrier structure.
Investigation on Preparation and Anti-icing Performance of Super-hydrophobic Surface on Aluminum Conductor
Authors: Jin Hai-yun , Nie Shi-chao , Li Zhi-wei , Tong Cheng , Wang Ke-jing
Published: May 2018

Aluminum is widely used in transmission lines, and the accumulation of ice on aluminum conductor may inflict serious damage such as tower collapse and power failure. In this study, super-hydrophobic surface (SHS) on aluminum conductor with micro-nanostructure was fabricated using the preferential etching principle of crystal defects. The surface microstructure and wettability were investigated by scanning electron microscope and contact angle measurement, respectively. The icing progress was observed with a self-made icing experiment platform at different environment temperature. The results showed that, due to jumping and rolling down of coalesced droplets from SHS of aluminum conductor at low temperature, the formation of icing on SHS could be delayed. Dynamic icing experiment indicated that SHS on aluminum conductor could restrain the formation of icing in certain temperature range, but could not exert influence on the accumulation of icing. This study offers new insight into understanding the anti-icing performance of actual aluminum conductor.
Sequential Modification of ADMET Polyketone via Oxime Chemistry and Electrophilic Alkoxyetherification
Authors: Zeng Fu-Rong , Zhu Qi-Lin , Li Zi-Long
Published: May 2018

Post-polymerization modification is a facile and efficient method for the generation of diverse functional polymers. Herein, polymer-based molecular arrays were obtained by using sequential modification. First, periodic polyketone P0 was synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of α,ω-diene M0. Oxime chemistry was employed in the functionalization of the ketone moieties of P0 using three commercially available alkoxyamine hydrochlorides. Finally, electrophilic alkoxyetherification, a four-component reaction, was employed in the modification of alkene groups on polymer main chains using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), tetrahydrofuran, and fluorinated carboxylic acid. Complete conversion of reactive sites was observed in both steps, and the two modification reactions exhibited excellent compatibility. The thermal properties of the polymers as thermal stability, and glass transition and melting behaviours were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on yield and some physiological traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum) under water stress
Authors: Ahmadvand Goudarz , Hajinia Somayeh
Published: May 2018

Piriformospora indica is one of the cultivable root-colonising endophytic fungi of the order Sebacinales, which efficiently promote plant growth, uptake of nutrients, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. indica on millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under water-stress conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran, during 2014 and 2015. The first factor was three levels of water-deficit stress, with irrigation after 60 mm (well-watered), 90 mm (mild stress) and 120 mm (severe stress) evaporation from pan class A. The second factor was two levels of fungus P. indica: inoculated and uninoculated. Results showed that water-deficit stress significantly decreased grain yield and yield components. Colonisation by P. indica significantly increased number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight, regardless of water supply. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain yield by 11.4% (year 1) and 19.72% (year 2) in well-watered conditions and by 35.34% (year 1) and 32.59% (year 2) under drought stress, compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum flag-leaf area (21.71 cm2) was achieved with well-watered conditions. Severe water stress decreased flag-leaf area by 53.36%. Flag-leaf area was increased by 18.64% by fungus inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, inoculation with P. indica increased plant height by 27.07% and panicle length by 9.61%. Severe water stress caused a significant decrease in grain phosphorus concentration, by 42.42%, compared with the well-watered treatment. By contrast, grain nitrogen and protein contents were increased about 30.23% and 30.18%, respectively, with severe water stress. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain phosphorus by 24.22%, nitrogen by 7.47% and protein content by 7.54% compared with control. Water stress reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, whereas P. indica inoculation enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by 27.18% under severe water stress. The results indicated the positive effect of P. indica on yield and physiological traits of millet in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions.
Interest of Combined Blood Pressure Measurements in Very Old Frail Subjects: The PARTAGE Study
Authors: Mourad Jean-Jacques , Agnoletti Davide , Labat Carlos , Gautier Sylvie , Salvi Paolo , Valbusa Filippo , Hanon Olivier , Toulza Olivier , Manckoundia Patrick , Fantin Francesco , Rolland Yves , Benetos Athanase
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Several clinical studies have shown that blood pressure (BP) measurements in very old frail individuals are of limited interest due to the fact that several age-related alterations and geriatric syndromes may modify BP. We studied in persons over 80-year old living in nursing homes the combined effects of 3 BP patterns on total mortality and major cardiovascular (CV) events: (i) low pulse pressure amplification (L-PPA) between carotid and brachial artery, (ii) systolic BP (SBP) <130 mm Hg (L-SBP), under >1 antihypertensive drugs, and (iii) changes in SBP between supine and upright position of >20 mm Hg in both directions (hypotension/hypertension, orthostatic SBP [O-SBP]).

METHODS

This analysis was performed in subjects of the PARTAGE study presenting all these 3 measurements (n = 883). The combined effects of L-PPA, L-SBP, and O-SBP were studied during the 2 years followed-up period.

RESULTS

After adjusting for age, sex, and history of CV events, all 3 BP patterns were independent determinants of major CV events (L-PPA, (P = 0.023); L-SBP, (P = 0.050); O-SBP, (P = 0.015)), whereas L-PPA (P = 0.012) and L-SBP (P = 0.006) were also independent determinants of total mortality. Compared with the subjects without any BP pattern, the presence of 2 or 3 BP patterns was associated with an increase in total mortality and major CV events greater than 2 and 2.5 times, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In very old frail subjects, there is a particular interest for using different BP measurement approaches, than in younger populations, in order to evaluate the risks related to the BP levels.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION

Trial Number: NCT00901355 (Clinical Trials.gov).
Combining probabilistic alignments with read pair information improves accuracy of split-alignments
Authors: Shrestha Anish M S , Yoshikawa Naruki , Asai Kiyoshi
Published: May 2018

Motivation

Split-alignments provide base-pair-resolution evidence of genomic rearrangements. In practice, they are found by first computing high-scoring local alignments, parts of which are then combined into a split-alignment. This approach is challenging when aligning a short read to a large and repetitive reference, as it tends to produce many spurious local alignments leading to ambiguities in identifying the correct split-alignment. This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that rearrangements tend to occur in repeat-rich regions.

Results

We propose a split-alignment technique that combats the issue of ambiguous alignments by combining information from probabilistic alignment with positional information from paired-end reads. We demonstrate that our method finds accurate split-alignments, and that this translates into improved performance of variant-calling tools that rely on split-alignments.

Availability and implementation

An open-source implementation is freely available at: https://bitbucket.org/splitpairedend/last-split-pe.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rotavirus Vaccination Is Associated With Reduced Seizure Hospitalization Risk Among Commercially Insured US Children
Authors: Burke Rachel M , Tate Jacqueline E , Dahl Rebecca Moritz , Aliabadi Negar , Parashar Umesh D
Published: May 2018

Rotavirus commonly causes diarrhea but can also cause seizures. Analysis of insurance claims for 1773295 US children with 2950 recorded seizures found that, compared to rotavirus-unvaccinated children, seizure hospitalization risk was reduced by 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%–33%) and 14% (95% CI, 0%–26%) among fully and partially rotavirus-vaccinated children, respectively.
Algebraic Cycles and Residues of Degree 8 L-functions of GSp(4) × GL(2)
Authors: Lemma Francesco
Published: May 2018

We prove a cohomological formula for noncritical residues of degree 8 automorphic $L$-functions of $\mathrm{GSp}(4) \times \mathrm{GL}(2)$ in the spirit of Beilinson conjecture. We rely on the cohomological interpretation of an automorphic period integral and on the study of Novodvorsky’s integral representation of the $L$-functions.
Lp Norms of Eigenfunctions on Regular Graphs and on the Sphere
Authors: Brooks Shimon , Le Masson Etienne
Published: May 2018

We prove upper bounds on the $L^p$ norms of eigenfunctions of the discrete Laplacian on regular graphs. We then apply these ideas to study the $L^p$ norms of joint eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and an averaging operator over a finite collection of algebraic rotations of the two-sphere. Under mild conditions, such joint eigenfunctions are shown to satisfy for large $p$ the same bounds as those known for Laplace eigenfunctions on a surface of non-positive curvature.
Infectious MERS-CoV Isolated From a Mildly Ill Patient, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Abdely Hail M , Midgley Claire M , Alkhamis Abdulrahim M , Abedi Glen R , Tamin Azaibi , Binder Alison M , Alanazi Khalid , Lu Xiaoyan , Abdalla Osman , Sakthivel Senthilkumar K , Mohammed Mutaz , Queen Krista , Algarni Homoud S , Li Yan , Trivedi Suvang , Algwizani Abdullah , Alhakeem Raafat F , Thornburg Natalie J , Tong Suxiang , Ghazal Sameeh S , Erdman Dean D , Assiri Abdullah M , Gerber Susan I , Watson John T
Published: May 2018

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic or mildly ill to severe respiratory illness including death. We describe isolation of infectious MERS-CoV from the upper respiratory tract of a mildly ill 27-year-old female in Saudi Arabia 15 days after illness onset.
Discovery of recombining plasma from the faintest GeV supernova remnant HB 21 and a possible scenario for cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnant shocks
Authors: Suzuki Hiromasa , Bamba Aya , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Furuta Yoshihiro , Sawada Makoto , Yamazaki Ryo , Koyama Katsuji
Published: May 2018

We present an X-ray study of the GeV gamma-ray supernova remnant (SNR) HB 21 with Suzaku. HB 21 is interacting with molecular clouds, and is the faintest in the GeV band among known GeV SNRs. We discovered strong radiative recombination continua of Si and S from the center of the remnant, which provide direct evidence of a recombining plasma (RP). The total emission can be explained with the RP and ionizing plasma components. The electron temperature and recombination timescale of the RP component were estimated as 0.17 (0.15–0.18) keV and 3.2 (2.0–4.8) × 1011 s cm−3, respectively. The estimated age of the RP (∼170 kyr) is the longest among known recombining GeV SNRs, because of a very low density of electrons (∼0.05 cm−3). We have examined the dependencies of GeV spectral indices on each of RP ages and SNR diameters for nine recombining GeV SNRs. Both showed possible positive correlations, indicating that both the parameters can be good indicators of properties of accelerated protons, for instance the degree of escape from SNR shocks. A possible scenario for a process of proton escape is introduced: interaction with molecular clouds makes weaker magnetic turbulence and cosmic-ray protons escape, simultaneously cooling down the thermal electrons and generating an RP.
Multiple Sequence Alignment Averaging Improves Phylogeny Reconstruction
Authors: Ashkenazy Haim , Sela Itamar , Levy Karin Eli , Landan Giddy , Pupko Tal
Published: May 2018

The classic methodology of inferring a phylogenetic tree from sequence data is composed of two steps. First, a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is computed. Then, a tree is reconstructed assuming the MSA is correct. Yet, inferred MSAs were shown to be inaccurate and alignment errors reduce tree inference accuracy. It was previously proposed that filtering unreliable alignment regions can increase the accuracy of tree inference. However, it was also demonstrated that the benefit of this filtering is often obscured by the resulting loss of phylogenetic signal. In this work we explore an approach, in which instead of relying on a single MSA, we generate a large set of alternative MSAs and concatenate them into a single SuperMSA. By doing so, we account for phylogenetic signals contained in columns that are not present in the single MSA computed by alignment algorithms. Using simulations, we demonstrate that this approach results, on average, in more accurate trees compared to 1) using an unfiltered MSA and 2) using a single MSA with weights assigned to columns according to their reliability. Next, we explore in which regions of the MSA space our approach is expected to be beneficial. Finally, we provide a simple criterion for deciding whether or not the extra effort of computing a SuperMSA and inferring a tree from it is beneficial. Based on these assessments, we expect our methodology to be useful for many cases in which diverged sequences are analyzed. The option to generate such a SuperMSA is available at http://guidance.tau.ac.il.
Tinnitus Severity Is Related to the Sound Exposure of Symphony Orchestra Musicians Independently of Hearing Impairment
Authors: Schmidt Jesper Hvass , Paarup Helene M. , Bælum Jesper
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Tinnitus can be debilitating and with great impact of musicians professional and private life. The objectives of the study were therefore to: (1) describe the epidemiology of tinnitus including its severity in classical orchestra musicians, (2) investigate the association between tinnitus severity in classical musicians and their cumulative lifetime sound exposure, and (3) the association between tinnitus and hearing thresholds.

Design:

The study population included all musicians from five Danish symphony orchestras. Answers regarding their perception of tinnitus were received from 325 musicians, and 212 musicians were also tested with audiometry. Any tinnitus and severe tinnitus were two definitions of tinnitus used as outcomes and analyzed in relation to an estimation of the cumulative lifetime sound exposure from sound measurements and previously validated questionnaires and the average hearing threshold of 3, 4, and 6 kHz.

Results:

Thirty-five percentage of all musicians (31% female and 38% of male musicians) reported having experienced at least one episode of tinnitus lasting for more than 5 minutes during their life. Severe tinnitus with a severe impact on daily life was reported by 19% of the musicians (18% of female and 21% of male musicians). The severity of tinnitus was associated with increased lifetime sound exposure but not to poorer high frequency hearing thresholds when the lifetime sound exposure was considered. The odds ratio for an increase in one unit of tinnitus severity was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.12–1.40) for every 1 dB increase in lifetime sound exposure.

Conclusion:

Musicians frequently report tinnitus. Any tinnitus and severe tinnitus are significantly associated with the cumulative lifetime sound exposure, which was shown to be the most important factor not only for the prevalence but also for the severity of tinnitus—even in musicians without hearing loss. High-frequency hearing thresholds and tinnitus severity were correlated only if the cumulative lifetime sound exposure was excluded from the analyses.
Are You There for Me? Joint Engagement and Emotional Availability in Parent–Child Interactions for Toddlers With Moderate Hearing Loss
Authors: Dirks Evelien , Rieffe Carolien
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

This study examined joint engagement and emotional availability of parent–child interactions for toddlers with moderate hearing loss (MHL) compared with toddlers with normal hearing (NH) and in relation to children’s language abilities.

Design:

The participants in this study were 25 children with MHL (40 to 60 dB hearing loss) and 26 children with NH (mean age: 33.3 months). The children and their parents were filmed during a 10-minute free play session in their homes. The duration of joint engagement and success rate of initiations were coded next to the level of emotional availability reflected by the Emotional Availability Scales. Receptive and expressive language tests were administered to the children to examine their language ability.

Results:

Groups differed in joint engagement: children with MHL and their parents were less successful in establishing joint engagement and had briefer episodes of joint engagement than children with NH and their parents. No differences between groups were found for emotional availability measures. Both joint engagement and emotional availability measures were positively related to children’s language ability.

Conclusions:

Children with MHL and their parents are emotional available to each other. However, they have more difficulties in establishing joint engagement with each other and have briefer episodes of joint engagement compared with children with NH and their parents. The parent–child interactions of children with better language abilities are characterized with higher levels of emotional availability and longer episodes of joint engagement. The results imply that interactions of children with MHL and their parents are an important target for family-centered early intervention programs.
An Exploration of the Impact of the “Open Gym” Scheduling Model of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation on Completion, Attendance, and Health Outcomes
Authors: Whited Matthew C. , Ellis Jordan M. , Freeman John Taylor , Corson Ansley T. , Greenway Stacey B. , Busch Andrew M. , Whited Amanda L. , Sears Samuel F.
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To explore the effects of implementation of the “Open Gym” (OG) scheduling model of cardiovascular rehabilitation administration on the rate of patient engagement and change in commonly measured clinical outcomes. Little data exist on the potential benefits of the OG model on patient completion, attendance, and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted that included the 1-y period both before and after OG model implementation. Bootstrapped regression and analysis of variance were utilized to determine (1) whether the scheduling model is associated with number of sessions attended and program completion, and (2) among those who meet their goals and thus complete the program, if the scheduling model predicts change in cardiovascular rehabilitation clinical outcomes (ie, percent weight change, 6-min walk distance, and peak metabolic equivalents during exercise) when controlling for baseline values. Follow-up analyses controlled for and explored interactions related to age, race, and sex.

Results:

In this racially diverse sample (34% nonwhite), patients under either the OG model (n = 125) or the Traditional model (n = 82) attended an equivalent number of sessions and were just as likely to complete their treatment. However, clinical outcomes favored the Traditional model, even as more patients participated in the OG model, especially racial minority patients.

Conclusions:

Although the OG model is more consistent with patient-centered care, gains in functional capacity may be diminished. Furthermore, better controlled experiments are needed to examine the effects of implementing the OG model and should include measures of possible mechanisms influencing racial differences.
Self-efficacy Predicts Success in an Exercise Training-Only Model of Pulmonary Rehabilitation for People With COPD
Authors: Blackstock Felicity C. , Webster Kate E. , McDonald Christine F. , Hill Catherine J.
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To determine whether people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have characteristics that predict a clinically meaningful response to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) that includes an education component compared with exercise training alone.

Methods:

Participants were classified as responders or nonresponders to 2 models of PR; exercise training and education (ET + ED, n = 113) or exercise training alone (ET, n = 85). Responders were defined as those who achieved a clinically meaningful change in 6-min walk distance (6MWD) or any of the 4 domains of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ). Baseline characteristics were compared between responders and nonresponders. The associations between baseline data and change in 6MWD and CRQ following PR were examined, and a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted for each model and primary outcome.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the PR models in proportion of responders (ET + ED 92% vs ET 93%). Lower baseline CRQ scores predicted response in respective CRQ domains for fatigue, emotion, and mastery in the ET + ED group, and for dyspnea, fatigue, and mastery in the ET group. Higher baseline self-efficacy predicted 6MWD response and higher socioeconomic status predicted response in CRQ fatigue in the ET model only. There was no predictor of 6MWD response in the ET + ED group.

Conclusions:

Baseline characteristics did not reliably predict a clinically meaningful response to PR that included education. For exercise training alone, higher self-efficacy was a significant predictor for greater improvements in 6MWD, suggesting that those with higher confidence should be considered for this model.
Improvements in Key Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Variables Following Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Popovic Dejana , Kumar Nikhil , Chaudhry Sundeep , Bagai Akshay , Arena Ross , Kumar Naresh
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (

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2peak) post-cardiac rehabilitation (post-CR) are used to gauge therapeutic efficacy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of supervised CR on other cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables, specifically those that reflect ventilatory efficiency and

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2 changes in relation to changes in work rate (WR).

Methods:

Patients (n = 142; mean age 63 ± 9 y; 23% female) with coronary artery disease (CAD) participated in supervised CR for 3 to 6 mo completing 60 ± 17 sessions (range: 32-96 sessions), with intensity derived from the baseline CPX. CPX was completed at baseline and post-CR on a cycle ergometer. The minimum heart rate (HR) during cycling was set 5 to 10 beats/min above the HR at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) while the maximum HR remained below the ischemic threshold observed during CPX, and this intensity was maintained for 25 min.

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2peak, peak O2 pulse, the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (

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2) slope, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), and the Δ

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2/ΔWR slope were determined at baseline and post-CR.

Results:

Following CR, there were significant improvements (all P < .001) in

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2peak (17.7 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min vs 20.9 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min), peak O2 pulse (11.6 ± 3.2 mL/beat vs 13.4 ± 3.6 mL/beat),

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2 slope (28.4 ± 5.3 vs 27.5 ± 4.7), OUES (1.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.0 ± 0.6), and Δ

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2/ΔWR slope (9.1 ± 1.2 mL/min/W vs 9.6 ± 1.1 mL/min/W).

Conclusion:

Key markers of ventilatory efficiency and

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2 kinetics during CPX significantly improve following CR. Expanding the list of variables assessed via CPX may provide better resolution in validation of CR therapeutic efficacy in patients with CAD.
Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Singh Sumedha , Moiz Jamal Ali , Ali Mir Shad , Talwar Deepak
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To determine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional longitudinal study. Patients (n = 27, 10 males; mean age ± SD, 61 ± 9.8 y) with ILD of any etiology, who participated in an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program, were recruited. Reliability was determined by comparing the distance covered in meters between the ISWT-1 and the ISWT-2. Validity was assessed by correlating the distance covered in the ISWT-1, with the maximum oxygen consumption (

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2max) obtained through cardiopulmonary exercise testing and distance covered during the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Responsiveness was assessed by comparing the distance covered in the ISWT-3, undertaken after the completion of PR, to the ISWT-1.

Results:

The distance covered was equivalent between the ISWT-1 (216.7 ± 64.9 m) and the ISWT-2 (220.7 ± 67.3 m), with an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1 = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change at the 95% CI (MDC95) values for the ISWT were 19.5 m and 53.9m, respectively. There were significant correlations between the distance covered on the ISWT and

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2max (r = 0.79, P < .0001) and the distance covered on the 6MWT (r = 0.76, P < .0001). Following PR, the change in the ISWT distance showed large effect size (ES = 0.85) and standardized response mean (SRM = 1.58).

Conclusions:

The ISWT is a reliable, valid, and responsive measure of estimated functional capacity in patients with ILD.