bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription of Hysteronotus megalostomus (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a poorly known characid from tributaries of the Rio São Fancisco, Brazil with comments on the conservation of the species
Authors: Menezes N. A. , Weitzman S. H. , Teixeira T. F.
Published: May 2016

Originally described from the upper Rio das Velhas, a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Hysteronotus megalostomus was recently collected in many tributaries of the Rio São Francisco north of the type locality. The specimens of the population samples collected outside the type locality share the morphological features present in the type material except for the presence of an adipose fin found only in two specimens within the more recently collected material. Presence or absence of the adipose fin has been extensively used by fish taxonomists to characterize different species and even genera, but in H. megalostomus the character is not consistent, indicating its use alone is not diagnostic. The species is redescribed and its phylogenetic relationships and conservation status are briefly discussed.
Reproductive parameters of rhinobatid and urolophid batoids taken as by‐catch in the Queensland (Australia) east coast otter‐trawl fishery
Authors: Kyne P. M. , Courtney A. J. , Jacobsen I. P. , Bennett M. B.
Published: May 2016

Reproductive variables are provided for batoids regularly taken as by‐catch in the east coast otter‐trawl fishery on the inner‐mid continental shelf off the south‐east and central coasts of Queensland, Australia. Total length at maturity (LT50 and 95% c.i.) for the eastern shovelnose ray Aptychotrema rostrata was 639·5 mm (617·6–663·4 mm) for females and 597·3 mm (551·4–648·6 mm) for males. Litter size (n = 9) ranged from nine to 20 (mean ± s.e. = 15·1 ± 1·2). This species exhibited a positive litter size–maternal size relationship. Disc width at maturity (WD50 and 95% c.i.) for the common stingaree Trygonoptera testacea was 162·7 mm (155·8–168·5 mm) for females and 145·9 mm (140·2–150·2 mm) for males. Gravid T. testacea (n = 6) each carried a single egg in the one functional (left) uterus. Disc width at maturity (WD50 and 95% c.i.) for the Kapala stingaree Urolophus kapalensis was 153·7 mm (145·1–160·4 mm) for females and 155·2 mm (149·1–159·1 mm) for males. Gravid U. kapalensis (n = 16) each carried a single egg or embryo in the one functional (left) uterus. A single female yellowback stingaree Urolophus sufflavus carried an embryo in each uterus. A global review of the litter sizes of shovelnose rays (Rhinobatidae) and stingarees (Urolophidae) is provided.
Freshwater influences on embryos, hatching and larval survival of euryhaline Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis and potential constraints on habitat distribution
Authors: Ramee S. W. , Allen P. J.
Published: May 2016

The influence of fresh water on potential habitat occupancy of early life‐history stages of euryhaline Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis was determined by evaluating fertilization of freshwater‐spawned eggs and subsequent survival of embryos and larvae in comparison with saline water (salinity 7). Overall per cent fertilization of eggs was low (mean ± s.e. = 20·21 ± 0·03%). Embryo survival was greater in saline water, but hatching rate (mean ± s.e. = 81·6 ± 0·1%) and post‐hatch survival of larvae in fresh water (mean ± s.e. = 74·5 ± 0·1%) was relatively high. Therefore, the relative limitation of fresh water on habitat distribution of F. grandis changes with development, stimulating further questions on factors that may constrain habitat distribution of euryhaline fishes.
Conformity to the neighborhood modifies the association between recreational walking and social norms among middle‐aged Japanese people
Authors: Tanaka Chika , Naruse Takashi , Taguchi Atsuko , Nagata Satoko , Arimoto Azusa , Ohashi Yuki , Murashima Sachiyo
Published: May 2016

Aim

Recreational walking benefits the health of the middle‐aged population. Social norms might generate an intention–behavior gap, the state of people forming adequate intentions but failing to translate these intentions into action. People living in a community where the neighbors conform to the average behaviors of those who live in the neighborhood might restrict behaviors that stray from the neighborhood's social norms. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in order to examine whether the degree of conformity to the neighbors modified the association between social norms and recreational walking among middle‐aged adults in Japan.

Methods

Using a questionnaire, data were collected from 730 participants in Japan. Among those who intended to recreationally walk, a multiple logistic regression was carried out separately for the participants with a high or low degree of conformity to the neighborhood social norms.

Results

Of the total number of respondents, 511 (70%) reported recreational walking intentions. The descriptive norm was significantly associated with recreational walking only among the participants with a high degree of conformity. In contrast, there was no such association among the participants with a low degree of conformity.

Conclusion

The results confirmed that people who live in a community where people tend to conform translated walking intentions into action when they saw their neighbors walk recreationally. Public health nurses should evaluate the degree of conformity in neighborhoods and neighbors’ descriptive norms when promoting walking.
Las fronteras arbitrarias y difusas entre lo urbano‐moderno y lo rural‐tradicional en los Andes
Authors: Garcés Eduardo Kingman , Solo de Zaldívar Víctor Bretón
Published: May 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el carácter arbitrario y difuso de las fronteras entre lo rural (hasta hace poco identificado con lo “tradicional,” sobre todo en ámbitos indígenas) y lo urbano (asimilado a la “modernidad”). Hasta hace apenas dos décadas, existían serias dificultades para entender el carácter andino de ciudades como Quito o La Paz. Lo andino remitía a un ámbito eminentemente rural, aparentemente en proceso de desaparición, cuyos parámetros de funcionamiento eran percibidos como radicalmente opuestos al modo de vida urbana; mientras, la presencia indígena en las urbes era mantenida invisible. Argumentamos que la vida en las comunidades campesinas andinas se ha transformado en las últimas décadas hasta el punto de no ser disociable hoy de sus estrechos vínculos con la vida urbana. De modo paralelo, lo urbano incluye en los Andes una variedad muy amplia de formas de vida que, en muchos sentidos, constituyen verdaderas “modernidades paralelas" o "alternativas.”
Application of polystyrene disk substrates in cellular cultivation methods: generalized specimen preparation protocol for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: DELEON H.
Published: May 2016

Sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) may vary by cellular type, composition and method of cultivation. It has been proposed here that a generalized method of sample preparation may be applied for the visualization of bacteria, fungi, and human cellular tissue without modification of protocol between cell types. The following protocol was developed to incorporate polystyrene disk substrates in the simplification of sample preparation for SEM and reduce the possibility of processing artefacts. The proposed method of preparation may be applied to samples grown in either liquid or solid cultural medium regardless of cell type. With the proposed protocol, centrifugation, isolation and critical point drying are not required, therefore increasing specimen integrity. The incorporation of polystyrene disks showed positive cellular adhesion and applications in SEM for bacterial, fungal and human neuronal tissue. In addition, the simplicity of the proposed protocol is highly adaptable and may be further incorporated to visually analyse the effects of antifungals, antibiotics and disease pathogenesis through pathogen–host interactions. The proposed method of specimen preparation was incorporated in either liquid or solid state growth mediums during the cultivation of the selected cellular samples and revealed great promise in the preservation and visualization under the scanning electron microscope.
Sexual activity and functioning in women treated for gynaecological cancers
Authors: Sekse Ragnhild Johanne Tveit , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Vika Margrethe Elin
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

A description and comparison of sexual activity and function in relation to various gynaecological cancer diagnoses, treatment modalities, age groups, psychological distress and health‐related quality of life.

Background

Various forms of gynaecological cancer have the potential to negatively influence sexual functioning, but there are few studies that describe and compare sexual activity and functioning according to diagnosis.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The study includes 129 women from an intervention study. The questionnaires addressed sexuality, psychological distress, health‐related quality of life and demographics. Disease and treatment characteristics were extracted from medical records.

Results

Close to two‐thirds of the women were sexually active. However, 54% of the sexually active women reported that they were not satisfied or little satisfied with their sexual activity. About half of the women reported dryness in the vagina, and 41% reported pain and discomfort during penetration. There were no significant differences concerning pleasure and discomfort related to treatment modality, diagnoses or FIGO stage.

Conclusion

Health personnel should make a priority of sexuality throughout a patient's cancer treatment and in the follow‐up, as sexuality is a vital part of a good life.

Relevance to clinical practice

Since the patients experience relatively low satisfaction with their sexual activity and many report pain during penetration, health personnel need to be sensitive to the woman, her questions, and her needs. Of importance are also the personnel's ability to communicate and their expertise in diagnosing and treating difficulties relating to sexuality.
Effectiveness of therapeutic conversation intervention among caregivers of people with eating disorders: quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Gisladottir Margret , Treasure Janet , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic conversation intervention in group and caregiver sessions on the supporting role of caregivers.

Background

Caregivers of people with eating disorders are known to suffer major difficulties and are in great need of support. Unhelpful parental support strategies can delay the recovery of an individual with an eating disorder. Skill training interventions can equip parents with skills, guidance and techniques by helping them to be a support person and making them one of the most important links in the treatment process.

Design

The therapeutic conversation intervention consisted of five group and caregiver sessions and three booster sessions. The Calgary Family Assessment and Calgary Family Intervention Models, the Illness Beliefs Model and the New Maudsley Method were used as theoretical frameworks. The content of the intervention consisted of work on difficult behaviours, feelings and helpful strategies. The participants (n = 58) included primary and secondary caregivers of 12‐ to 24‐year‐old patients with eating disorders. Eight caregivers dropped out of treatment.

Methods

This study had a quasi‐experimental design with one pre‐ and two post‐test measures.

Results

Between 90–96% of caregivers rated the therapeutic conversation intervention as supportive. Furthermore, the study revealed significant differences in caregiver emotional and cognitive support, illness beliefs, disruptive behaviour and quality of life, negative aspects of care giving demands and caregiver and patient behavioural difficulties after the intervention and/or at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Therapeutic conversation intervention with caregivers in group and private sessions proved to be beneficial.

Relevance to clinical practice

This outcome provides information for healthcare professionals on how they can help primary caregivers in their supporting role, which can, in turn, improve services in healthcare centres and psychiatric hospitals.
The role of unregulated care providers in managing heart failure patients in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Heckman George A , Boscart Veronique M , D'Elia Teresa , Kaasalainen Sharon , McAiney Carrie , Kelley Mary Lou , Stolee Paul , Strachan Patricia , McKelvie Robert S
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

Heart failure is a complex syndrome in which abnormal heart function results in clinical symptoms and signs of low cardiac output and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion. Heart failure is common among long‐term care residents, and is associated with significant morbidity and acute care utilisation. Heart failure guidelines endorse standard therapies, yet long‐term care residents are less likely to receive recommended treatments. The objective of this study is to understand the perceptions and potential role of unregulated care providers in contributing to better heart failure management among long‐term care residents.

Design

Focus group interviews.

Methods

This qualitative study employed focus groups to explore perceptions from 24 unregulated care providers in three Ontario, Canada long‐term care homes, about barriers to the optimal management of heart failure.

Results

Three overarching concepts emerged characterising unregulated care providers’ experiences in caring for residents with heart failure in long‐term care: (1) the complexity of providing heart failure care in a long‐term care setting, (2) striving for resident‐centred decision making and (3) unregulated care providers role enactment nested within an interprofessional team in long‐term care. These concepts reflect the complex interplay between individual unregulated care providers and residents, and heart failure‐related, socio‐cultural and organisational factors that influence heart failure care processes in the long‐term care system.

Conclusions

Optimising the management of heart failure in long‐term care is contingent on greater engagement of unregulated care providers as active partners in the interprofessional care team. Interventions to improve heart failure management in long‐term care must ensure that appropriate education is provided to all long‐term care staff, including unregulated care providers, and in a manner that fosters greater and more effective interprofessional collaboration.

Relevance to clinical practice

Active and collaborative engagement unregulated care providers has the potential to improve the management of heart failure in long‐term care residents.
Invasive cervical cancer accompanied by IgG4‐related disease
Authors: Mizuno Rin , Yamanishi Yukio , Uda Satoko , Terashima Tsuyoshi , Higashi Tatsuya , Higuchi Toshihiro
Published: May 2016

IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a systemic disease that affects multiple organs and generates nodules or thickening. Discriminating these diseases from malignancy is important because glucocorticoid treatment is effective for patients with IgG4‐RD. Coexistence of IgG4‐RD with various malignant diseases has been reported, but there are few reports with regard to gynecologic malignant diseases. We encountered a case of invasive cervical cancer stage IIB accompanied by IgG4‐RD. The patient was a 46‐year‐old woman. On pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography and computed tomography, systemic multiple lymph node swelling was seen, including in the neck and the mediastinum in addition to uterine cervix. Diagnosis (and hence, appropriate treatment choice) was achieved on pathology of the submandibular gland and uterus, and analysis of serum IgG4. IgG4‐RD should be suspected in patients presenting with malignancy and unusual multiple lymph node swelling.
The formation, function and regulation of amyloids: insights from structural biology
Authors: Landreh M. , Sawaya M. R. , Hipp M. S. , Eisenberg D. S. , Wüthrich K. , Hartl F. U.
Published: May 2016

Amyloid diseases are characterized by the accumulation of insoluble, β‐strand‐rich aggregates. The underlying structural conversions are closely associated with cellular toxicity, but can also drive the formation of functional protein assemblies. In recent years, studies in the field of structural studies have revealed astonishing insights into the origins, mechanisms and implications of amyloid formation. Notably, high‐resolution crystal structures of peptides in amyloid‐like fibrils and prefibrillar oligomers have become available despite their challenging chemical nature. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has revealed that dynamic local polymorphisms in the benign form of the prion protein affect the transformation into amyloid fibrils and the transmissibility of prion diseases. Studies of the structures and interactions of chaperone proteins help us to understand how the cellular proteostasis network is able to recognize different stages of aberrant protein folding and prevent aggregation. In this review, we will focus on recent developments that connect the different aspects of amyloid biology and discuss how understanding the process of amyloid formation and the associated defence mechanisms can reveal targets for pharmacological intervention that may become the first steps towards clinically viable treatment strategies.
Autotaxin interacts with lipoprotein(a) and oxidized phospholipids in predicting the risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Nsaibia M. J. , Mahmut A. , Boulanger M.‐C. , Arsenault B. J. , Bouchareb R. , Simard S. , Witztum J. L. , Clavel M.‐A. , Pibarot P. , Bossé Y. , Tsimikas S. , Mathieu P.
Published: May 2016

Background

Studies have shown that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an important carrier of oxidized phospholipids, is causally related to calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Recently, we found that Lp(a) mediates the development of CAVS through autotaxin (ATX).

Objective

To determine the predictive value of circulating ATX mass and activity for CAVS.

Methods

We performed a case‐control study in 300 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAVS plus CAD (cases, n = 150) were age‐ and gender‐matched (1 : 1) to patients with CAD without aortic valve disease (controls, n = 150). ATX mass and enzymatic activity and levels of Lp(a) and oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B‐100 (OxPL‐apoB) were determined in fasting plasma samples.

Results

Compared to patients with CAD alone, ATX mass (P < 0.0001), ATX activity (P = 0.05), Lp(a) (P = 0.003) and OxPL‐apoB (P < 0.0001) levels were elevated in those with CAVS. After adjustment, we found that ATX mass (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.10 per 10 ng mL−1, P = 0.001) and ATX activity (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.17 per 10 RFU min−1, P = 0.005) were independently associated with CAVS. ATX activity interacted with Lp(a) (P = 0.004) and OxPL‐apoB (P = 0.001) on CAVS risk. After adjustment, compared to patients with low ATX activity (dichotomized at the median value) and low Lp(a) (<50 mg dL−1) or OxPL‐apoB (<2.02 nmol L−1, median) levels (referent), patients with both higher ATX activity (≥84 RFU min−1) and Lp(a) (≥50 mg dL−1) (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.40–8.58, P = 0.007) or OxPL‐apoB (≥2.02 nmol L−1, median) (OR 5.48, 95% CI 2.45–12.27, P < 0.0001) had an elevated risk of CAVS.

Conclusion

Autotaxin is a novel and independent predictor of CAVS in patients with CAD.
On the Development of Perfectionism: The Longitudinal Role of Academic Achievement and Academic Efficacy
Authors: Damian Lavinia E. , Stoeber Joachim , Negru‐Subtirica Oana , Băban Adriana
Published: May 2016

Objective

Although perfectionism is a prominent personality disposition, only a few longitudinal studies have investigated how perfectionism develops. Theoretical models and qualitative studies have posited that academic success is a developmental antecedent of perfectionism. Yet, quantitative studies tend to interpret the cross‐sectional relationships as academic success being an outcome of perfectionism. In light of these gaps in the literature, the present study was the first to investigate the longitudinal relationships between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, academic achievement, and academic efficacy by examining academic success as an antecedent of perfectionism.

Method

The study examined 487 adolescents (aged 12–19 years, 54% female) using a cross‐lagged longitudinal design with three time points spaced 4–5 months apart.

Results

Results showed that academic achievement predicted relative increases in both perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, even when including academic efficacy. In addition, academic efficacy predicted relative increases in perfectionistic strivings.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show that academic achievement is a common factor in the development of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, whereas academic efficacy plays a role only in the development of perfectionistic strivings. Implications of the findings for the development of perfectionism are discussed.
Mother–Adolescent Proficiency in a Common Language Facilitates Socialization Among Mexican‐Origin Families
Authors: Schofield Thomas J. , Conger Rand D. , Robins Richard W. , Coltrane Scott , Parke Ross D.
Published: May 2016

The primary goal of this study was to test how mother and adolescent proficiency in a common language moderates the link from parenting to adolescent development. A sample of Mexican‐origin fifth‐grade adolescents (N = 674, 50% female) was measured longitudinally on self‐control and aggression. Mothers were rated on observed positive discipline, warmth, and harsh discipline. Positive discipline and warm parenting predicted increases in self‐control and decreases in aggression, but only among mother–adolescent dyads who were proficient in a common language. Harsh parenting predicted decreases in self‐control and increases in aggression, but only among dyads who were not proficient in a common language. Similar results were found in a conceptual replication among a second sample of 167 Mexican‐origin adolescents.
The Dynamics of Pharmaceutical Regulation and R&D Investments
Authors: LEVAGGI ROSELLA , MORETTO MICHELE , PERTILE PAOLO
Published: May 2016

The paper uses a real option approach to investigate the properties of two widely used schemes of regulating the reimbursement of new pharmaceutical products: standard cost‐effectiveness thresholds and performance‐based risk‐sharing agreements. The use of the latter has been quickly spreading and often criticized in recent times. The results show that the exact definition of the risk‐sharing agreement is key in determining its economic effects. In particular, despite the concerns expressed by some authors, the incentive for a firm to invest in R&D may be the same or even greater than under cost‐effectiveness thresholds. The greater flexibility on the timing of commercialization allowed by risk‐sharing schemes plays a key role, by increasing the value of the option to invest in R&D under uncertainty. Under this scheme, a higher value for the firm is associated with earlier access to innovations for patients. The price for this is less value for money for the insurer at the time of adoption of the innovation.
Does the Cost Paradox Preclude Technological Progress under Imperfect Competition?
Authors: AMIR RABAH , HALMENSCHLAGER CHRISTINE , KNAUFF MALGORZATA
Published: May 2016

We consider a two‐stage model of R&D/Cournot competition with isoelastic demand satisfying the cost paradox (i.e., that equilibrium profits increase with unit cost). The R&D process has a binary structure, with spillover effects. We provide a negative answer to the question in the title: Under noncooperative R&D, firms will conduct R&D for a broad parameter range, despite the presence of the cost paradox, as a result of being caught in a prisoner's dilemma. A second‐best social planner is shown to have a higher propensity for R&D than the noncooperative scenario. However, if firms engaged in any of the known R&D cooperation scenarios, the answer to the question in the title would become affirmative. It follows that R&D cooperation leads to lower producer and consumer surpluses. This constitutes a major departure from the conclusions of the standard R&D model. Therefore, R&D cooperation in such environments should not receive favorable antitrust treatment.
The Welfare and Employment Effects of Centralized Public Sector Wage Bargaining
Authors: CARDULLO GABRIELE
Published: May 2016

In many countries, the government pays almost identical nominal wages to workers living in regions with notable economic disparities. By developing a two‐region general equilibrium model with endogenous migration and search frictions in the labor market, I study the differences in terms of unemployment, real wages, and welfare between a regional wage bargaining process and a national one in the public sector. Adopting the latter makes residents in the poorer region better off and residents of the richer region worse off. Private sector employment decreases in the poorer region and it increases in the richer one. Under some conditions, the unemployment rate in the poorer region soars.
Physical Properties and Rheological Behavior of Pseudofruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. In Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Maieves Helayne Aparecida , Bosmuler Züge Luana Caroline , Scheer Agnes De Paula , Ribani Rosemary Hoffmann , Morales Patricia , Sánchez‐Mata María Cortes
Published: May 2016

The study of physical properties of the pulp of exotic fruit products and its rheological behavior can contribute to improve their quality for food uses. The aim of this study was to evaluate color, thickness, acidity, texture, rheological behavior in pseudofruits (peduncles) of Hovenia dulcis in different stages of maturation. The experimental rheological data were adjusted for models of Ostwald‐de Waele and Herschel‐Bulkley. Through maturation process of H. dulcis pseudofruits, parallel to the increase in size, a decrease in texture occurs. The softening is closely associated with ripening, reaching its apex in the stadium Hd04, when the peduncle is fully mature and already in full senescence period in Hd05 stage. The appearance of flow curves indicates a non‐Newtonian behavior pseudo‐plastic, which is proven when adjusted to the models. From their physicochemical characteristics (color, thickness, pH and acidity and texture) Hd04 and Hd05 are the most suitable stages for human consumption of H. dulcis pseudofruits, for either fresh consumption or the elaboration of manufactured products. All these results are important to define processing conditions, and thus facilitate and increase the use of H. dulcis pulp in the food industry.

Practical Statement

In this work, we studied Hovenia dulcis Thunb. peduncles (pseudofruits), a crop is gaining interest in Brazil, and presents great potencial for food uses, as well as like an ingredient in dietary supplemets or nutraceuticals. To our knowledge, this product had been scarcely studied. This work present a study on the evolution of the product through maturation regarding its physicochemical parameters. Data about color, thickness, acidity, texture and rheology behavior are presented. Flow curves reflect non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior (Ostwald‐de Waelle model) and principal components analysis well describes physicochemical properties through maturation of pseudofruits. These results would permit a better handling and selection of the optimal prime matter for industrial purposes.
Comparison of Transpulmonary Thermodilution and Calibrated Pulse Contour Analysis with Pulmonary Artery Thermodilution Cardiac Output Measurements in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: Garofalo N.A. , Teixeira‐Neto F.J. , Rodrigues J.C. , Cerejo S.A. , Aguiar A.J.A. , Becerra‐Velásquez D.R.
Published: May 2016

Background

Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTDCO) and calibrated pulse contour analysis (PCACO) are alternatives to pulmonary artery thermodilution cardiac output (PATDCO) measurement.

Hypothesis

Ten mL of ice‐cold thermal indicator (TI10) would improve the agreement and trending ability between TPTDCO and PATDCO compared to 5 mL of indicator (TI5) (Phase‐1). The agreement and TA between PCACO and PATDCO would be poor during changes in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (Phase‐2).

Animals

Eight clinically normal dogs (20.8–31.5 kg).

Methods

Prospective, experimental study. Simultaneous TPTDCO and PATDCO (averaged from 3 repetitions) using TI5 and TI10 were obtained during isoflurane anesthesia combined or not with remifentanil or dobutamine (Phase‐1). Triplicate PCACO and PATDCO measurements were recorded during phenylephrine‐induced vasoconstriction and nitroprusside‐induced vasodilation (Phase‐2).

Results

Mean bias (limits of agreement: LOA) (L/min), percentage bias (PB), and percentage error (PE) were 0.62 (−0.11 to 1.35), 16%, and 19% for TI5; and 0.33 (−0.25 to 0.91), 9%, and 16% for TI10. Mean bias (LOA), PB, and PE were 0.22 (−0.63 to 1.07), 6%, and 23% during phenylephrine; and 2.12 (0.70–3.55), 43%, and 29% during nitroprusside. Mean angular bias (radial LOA) values were 2° (−10° to 14°) and −1° (−9° to 6°) for TI5 and TI10, respectively (Phase‐1), and 38° (5°–71°) (Phase‐2).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although TI10 slightly improves the agreement and trending ability between TPTDCO and PATDCO in comparison to TI5, both volumes can be used for TPTDCO in replacement of PATDCO. Vasodilation worsens the agreement between PCACO and PATDCO. Because of PCACO's poor agreement and trending ability with PATDCO during SVR changes, this method has limited clinical application.
Consumer versus resource control and the importance of habitat heterogeneity for estuarine bivalves
Authors: Seitz Rochelle D. , Lipcius Romuald N. , Hines Anson H.
Published: May 2016

The relative influence of consumers (top down) and resources (bottom up) on the distribution and abundance of organisms remains a key question in ecology. We examined the relationships between consumer and resource variables along a productivity gradient for a dominant predator–prey interaction in a marine soft‐sediment system. We 1) quantified density and size of the clam Macoma balthica (prey species) in six replicate sites at each of four habitat types (shallow mud, deep mud, muddy sand and detrital mud) in the Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay. We selected one habitat type of high food availability and clam density (shallow mud) and another of low food availability and clam density (muddy sand) for manipulative experiments. Then, we 2) measured M. balthica survival and growth through transplants, 3) measured food availability as sedimentary organic carbon content, 4) quantified predator density, and 5) calculated predator foraging efficiency in the two habitat types. Clam density in the four habitat types differed and was related to sedimentary carbon availability and predator density. One of the habitats, detrital mud, appeared to be a population sink because it only held juvenile Macoma that never survived to reproductive age. Macoma size and growth, and predator (mainly blue crab Callinectes sapidus) densities were positively correlated with productivity and were higher in shallow mud than muddy sand. In contrast, Macoma mortality, local ‘interaction strength’, and predator foraging efficiency were lower in the productive habitat (shallow mud). Thus, predation intensity was inversely correlated with productivity (food availability); consumer and resource effects differed by habitat type; and, at a relatively small spatial scale, consumer and resource forces jointly determined population dynamics in this soft‐sediment marine system.
Staff views about psychosocial aspects of recovery in psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Morera Tirma , Pratt Daniel , Bucci Sandra
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Mental health services remain largely set up to improve patient outcomes through symptom alleviation, but patient views of recovery are broader than symptom remission. Clinicians influence the nature of treatment patients received, but their views about recovery remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature examining staff views about psychosocial aspects of recovery in psychosis.

Method

We systematically searched the PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases. Of the 6,225 articles identified, 15 met inclusion criteria for review.

Results

The studies reviewed showed a relatively inconsistent picture. Although there was evidence of staff endorsing psychosocial views of recovery, the majority of studies suggested staff endorsed biomedical models of recovery in psychosis and emphasized the importance of pharmacological, over psychosocial, and interventions.

Conclusions

The reviewed studies showed that biomedical views about recovery prevail among multidisciplinary mental health staff, despite recent advancements in patients’ broader conceptualization of recovery. Clinical implications are discussed.

Practitioner points

The psychosocial model of recovery has become widely accepted and now underpins most international recovery policies.

Despite a dearth in research, existing studies indicate that mental health staff subscribe to biomedical models of recovery in psychosis, with more emphasis on pharmacological, over psychosocial, and interventions.

Robust research targeting staff views about recovery in psychosis is needed.
Alliance rupture and repair processes and therapeutic change in youth with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gersh Elon , Hulbert Carol A. , McKechnie Ben , Ramadan Reem , Worotniuk Tamara , Chanen Andrew M.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate alliance rupture and repair processes in psychotherapy for youth with borderline personality disorder. It sought to examine whether alliance processes differ between treatments, across the phases of therapy, and what associations these processes might have with therapeutic outcomes.

Design

The study involves repeated measurement of both process and outcome measures. Hypotheses were addressed using within‐ and between‐subjects analyses.

Methods

Forty‐four people, aged 15–24, with a diagnosis of BPD were randomized to receive either 16 sessions of Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) or a supportive treatment known as Befriending. In addition to pre‐post outcome assessments, alliance processes were rated using the observer‐based Rupture Resolution Rating Scale.

Results

Results indicated that CAT and Befriending did not differ in terms of number of ruptures, although CAT was associated with more stages of rupture resolution. Examination of alliance processes across time pointed to increasing ruptures, more frequent confrontation ruptures and increasing rupture resolution, suggesting increased volatility, directness and productivity in the therapeutic process across time. Contrary to hypotheses, there was no consistent link between alliance processes and outcome. However, two specific phases were significant. Early treatment ruptures were associated with poor outcome whereas greater late treatment resolution was associated with better outcomes.

Conclusions

This study suggests that alliance processes can differ across treatments and the phases of therapy in psychotherapy for youth with BPD. Alliance ruptures are more likely to be problematic early in therapy but later in therapy, they appear to be opportunities for therapeutic growth.

Practitioner points

Alliance ruptures are more likely than not to occur in any given session with a young person with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Early in therapy, withdrawal type ruptures are more frequent, whereas late in therapy, confrontation ruptures are more frequent.

Late in therapy, alliance ruptures should be viewed as opportunities for therapeutic change, rather than barriers to good outcomes.
Outcomes after discontinuation of routine use of transanastomotic biliary stents in pediatric liver transplantation at a single site
Authors: Valentino Pamela L. , Jonas Maureen M. , Lee Christine K. , Kim Heung B. , Vakili Khashayar , Elisofon Scott A.
Published: May 2016

Routine use of transanastomotic biliary stents (RTBS) for biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation (LT) is controversial, with conflicting outcomes in adult randomized trials. Pediatric literature contains limited data. This study is a retrospective review of 99 patients who underwent first LT (2005–2014). In 2011, RTBS was discontinued at our center. This study describes biliary complications following LT with and without RTBS. 56 (56%) patients had RTBS. Median age at LT was 1.9 yr (IQR 0.7, 8.6); 55% were female. Most common indication for LT was biliary atresia (36%). Most common biliary reconstruction was Roux‐en‐Y choledochojejunostomy (75% with RTBS, 58% without RTBS, p = 0.09). Biliary complications (strictures, bile leaks, surgical revision) occurred in 23% without significant difference between groups (20% with RTBS, 28% without RTBS, p = 0.33). Patients with RTBS had routine cholangiography via the tube at 6–8 wk; thus, significantly more patients with RTBS had cholangiograms (91% vs. 19%, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the number of patients who required therapeutic intervention via endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (11% with RTBS, 19% no RTBS, p = 0.26). Routine use of RTBS for biliary reconstruction in pediatric LT may not be necessary, and possibly associated with need for costlier, invasive imaging without improvement in outcomes.
Can synaptophysin be used as a marker of breast cancer diagnosed by core‐needle biopsy in epithelial proliferative diseases of the breast?
Authors: Maeda Ichiro , Tajima Shinya , Ariizumi Yasushi , Doi Masatomo , Endo Akira , Naruki Saeko , Hoshikawa Masahiro , Koizumi Hirotaka , Kanemaki Yoshihide , Ueno Takahiko , Tsugawa Koichiro , Takagi Masayuki
Published: May 2016

The differential diagnosis of epithelial proliferative disease using core needle biopsy (CNB) is problematic because it is difficult to differentiate between intraductal papilloma, ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Many studies have reported that breast cancer lesions are positive for neuroendocrine (NE) markers, whereas only a small number of studies have reported immunopositivity for NE markers in normal mammary tissues or benign lesions. We asked whether NE factors could be used as markers of breast cancer. We determined the immunopositivity rate of synaptophysin, an NE marker, in 204 lesions excised from the breast using CNB in patients who visited a university‐affiliated comprehensive medical facility and examined whether synaptophysin is a marker of breast cancer. The specimens were classified as synaptophysin‐negative cases (56 benign, 99 malignant); equivocal cases (<1 %: 2 benign, 15 malignant); and synaptophysin‐positive cases (1 benign, 31 malignant). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for malignancy of the lesions classified as synaptophysin positive were 23.3 %, 98.2 %, 96.9 %, and 36.1 %, respectively. The respective values for lesions classified as equivocal were 11.6 %, 96.6 %, 88.2 %, and 36.1 %. Synaptophysin may provide a marker of breast cancer diagnosed by CNB.
Parental Infertility, Fertility Treatment, and Childhood Epilepsy: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kettner Laura O. , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia H. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Bay Bjørn , Matthiesen Niels B. , Henriksen Tine B.
Published: May 2016

Background

A few studies have indicated an increased risk of epilepsy in children conceived by fertility treatment possibly due to characteristics of the infertile couple rather than the treatment. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between parental infertility, fertility treatment, and epilepsy in the offspring, including the subtypes of epilepsy; idiopathic generalised epilepsy and focal epilepsy.

Methods

This cohort included all pregnancies resulting in liveborn singletons from the Aarhus Birth Cohort, Denmark (1995–2013). Information on time to pregnancy and fertility treatment was obtained from pregnancy questionnaires in early pregnancy. Children developing epilepsy were identified from the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish National Prescription Registry until 2013. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 60 440 pregnancies were included, and 0.8% of the children developed epilepsy.The primary analyses showed no association between parental infertility or fertility treatment, and the overall risk of childhood epilepsy (hazard rate ratios (HRs); 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.08 (0.73, 1.60) and 1.04 (0.71, 1.52)). In secondary analyses, both parental infertility and fertility treatment were associated with an increased risk of idiopathic generalised epilepsy (HRs and 95% CIs: 2.25 (1.10, 4.58) and 2.45 (1.26, 4.75)). No association was seen for focal epilepsy.

Conclusion

Parental infertility or fertility treatment was not associated with an overall risk of childhood epilepsy. Parental infertility may be associated with an increased risk of idiopathic generalised epilepsy; a subtype of epilepsy believed to be of genetic origin.
Public Revenue‐Expenditure Nexus in South Africa: Are there Asymmetries?
Authors: Baharumshah Ahmad Zubaidi , Jibrilla Aliyu Alhaji , Sirag Abdalla , Ali Hamisu Sadi , Muhammad Ibrahim Muye
Published: May 2016

This paper re‐examines the government revenue and expenditure relationship in South Africa using Enders and Siklos' Threshold adjustment and Granger causality tests. The paper allows for structural breaks in the unit root and cointegration tests. The results indicate the absence of any asymmetries in both the threshold autoregression and momentum threshold autoregression specifications of adjustments in the South African's budgeting process. The estimated symmetric error‐correction models provide support for the fiscal synchronization hypothesis of government revenues and expenditures for long‐run and short‐run dynamic equilibrium. These findings indicate that the South African fiscal authorities should try to maintain or even improve the control of their fiscal policy instruments to sustain the prudent budgetary process.
Latin as a split‐DPlanguage
Authors: Giusti Giuliana , Iovino Rossella
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we discuss known and less known properties of Latin Nominal Expressions that apparently create a paradox. Despite lack of articles and high productivity in left branch extraction, Latin is not a typicalNP‐language in the sense of Chierchia () and Bošković (,). In many respects, it behaves like its daughter languages, all of which have articles. We solve this paradox proposing a complex nominal structure made of aDP, which hosts overt demonstratives, and a left‐peripheral projection (LPP), parallel to the splitCPin clauses. This splitDP, based on Giusti (,), can account both for the freedom of the orders found inside the Nominal Expression and for the occurrence of discontinuous Nominal Expressions.
Discourse level variable licensing.Par exemplein Quebec French
Authors: Isac Daniela , Petitclerc Laurence
Published: May 2016

This paper reports the existence of a type of lexical item that has gone unnoticed in the previous literature. We start from the observation that the phrasepar exemplein Quebec French has two possible meanings: an illustrative one and a contrastive one. We argue that contrastivepar exempleadjoins to constituents that are similar to polarity sensitive items and thus marks sensitivity of the respective XP to a certain property of the environment. The syntactic distribution of the XP to which contrastivepar exempleadjoins to, although similar to that of polarity sensitive items, actually differs from the latter in important respects. Just like polarity sensitive items, the [XPpar exemple] constituent must be in the scope of an operator. However, unlike polarity sensitive items, which are licensed by operators that are defined at sentence level, the licensor of contrastive [XPpar exemple] is a discourse level connector (i.e. a connector that relates the sentence that containspar exemplewith a previous, independently expressed sentence). This implies that discourse connectors do more than simply relate two propositions: given that they also licence variables, they also have operator properties.
A novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*56:40
Authors: Zheng J. W. , Xie J. H. , Sun Y. , Jiang Y. Q. , Xiang D.
Published: May 2016

HLA‐B*56:40 allele differs from B*56:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 874.
Disseminated Hormographiella aspergillata infection with involvement of the lung, brain, and small intestine following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: case report and literature review
Authors: Nanno S. , Nakane T. , Okamura H. , Nishimoto M. , Koh H. , Nakamae H. , Ohsawa M. , Yarita K. , Kamei K. , Hino M.
Published: May 2016

Disseminated infection by Hormographiella aspergillata is extremely rare and small intestine involvement has not been reported previously. A 51‐year‐old man with myelodysplastic syndrome developed pneumonia after cord blood cell transplantation. Fungal growth from the biopsied lung was identified as H. aspergillata by morphology and the gene analysis. Although antifungal agents including voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B were administered, he died of disseminated H. aspergillata infection. We review the literature and discuss the treatment and prognosis.
Targeting of blood safety measures to affected areas with ongoing local transmission of malaria
Authors: Domanović D. , Kitchen A. , Politis C. , Panagiotopoulos T. , Bluemel J. , Van Bortel W. , Overbosch D. , Lieshout‐Krikke R. , Fabra C. , Facco G. , Zeller H.
Published: May 2016

An outbreak of locally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria in Greece started in 2009 and peaked in 2011. Targeting of blood safety measures to affected areas with ongoing transmission of malaria raised questions of how to define spatial boundaries of such an area and when to trigger any specific blood safety measures, including whether and which blood donation screening strategy to apply. To provide scientific advice the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) organised expert meetings in 2013. The outcomes of these consultations are expert opinions covering spatial targeting of blood safety measures to affected areas with ongoing local transmission of malaria and blood donation screening strategy for evidence of malaria infection in these areas. Opinions could help EU national blood safety authorities in developing a preventive strategy during malaria outbreaks.