bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Rehabilitación del paciente adulto con sarcomas de tejidos blandos en miembros inferiores y cirugía de salvamento.”
Authors: Beeche Alfaro María Fernanda , Uclés Villalobos Vanessa
Published: February 2022

La rehabilitación en el contexto de cirugía de salvamento en sarcomas de tejidos blandos requiere un enfoque específico dadas sus características únicas. Esta tiene como objetivo valorar y aumentar la funcionalidad del paciente en la medida de lo posible. Aún no hay consenso en cuanto a protocolos de rehabilitación posterior a esta cirugía. Aquí se presenta una revisión de la literatura más actualizada para establecer las posibles intervenciones en el tratamiento rehabilitador. El potencial restaurativo de la cirugía de salvamento puede aumentar de manera significativa con un manejo en rehabilitación desde el inicio del proceso. Las recomendaciones en rehabilitación son variadas, no obstante, cada paciente presenta características únicas por lo que el tratamiento debe individualizarse. Es fundamental contar un equipo multidisciplinario y con escalas de calidad de vida y de funcionalidad, como el Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, para valorar la adecuada evolución de los pacientes
FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRACEUTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CINNAMON
Authors: Shahzadi Maryam , Rizwan Bahisht , Tufail Tabussam , Basharat Shahnai , Shehzadi Sanober
Published: February 2022

Cinnamon has been using as a fragrant plant and spice. Cinnamon is a member of family Lauraceae. Cinnamon has been used as a traditional medicine to reduce blood glucose level in diabetes and to control Blood pressure, Tumor Growth, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Cinnamon nutritional composition revealedthat it contained a significant value of mineral, vitamins, and the main bioactive component is cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamon caloric content was determined as ofcarbohydrate (CHO), protein, fat, fiber, moisture and ash. Cinnamon contained the uppermost amount of carbohydrate(53.37%) in T1 and the lowermost amount of ash (1.25%) in T3. The mineral content of macro-elements and micro-elements were determined fromchromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and sodium (Na). The content of minerals in Cinnamon contained the highest amount of potassium (135.2) in T1 and the lowest sodium in T2. The content of vitaminsin Cinnamon contained the fat-solubleand water-soluble vitamins A, K, E, D, β-caroteneand C, B12, B9, B6, B3, B2, B1were determined. Amongst the vitamins, cinnamon contained the uppermostvalue ofβ-carotene (112) and the lowermostvalue of vitamin B6 (0.158). Bioactive compounds of Cinnamon were determined cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, β-caryophyllene and coumarin. Among the bioactive compounds in Cinnamon contained the uppermostvalue of cinnamaldehyde (64.56). The antioxidant capacity of cinnamon bark extract was (49 μg/mL). Conclusively,cinnamon is enriched with nutritional values. So, it can be used in the treatment of various disease.
Volunteers Needed: Bridging Latino Immigrants and Local Communities Through Service Learning and Critical Analytic Practice Ethnography
Authors: Ruggiero Diana
Published: February 2022

This essay presents a brief ethnography of a small Latino community in Tennessee and their interaction with local volunteers following a disastrous flood that occurred in July 2014. The ethnography, in this case in the form of a screenplay, depicts the overall intercultural sensitivity of the volunteers, the affected, and the interpreters. In the process, this essay also considers such creative analytic practice (CAP) ethnographies may help students involved in Spanish and community service-learning courses as well as communities bridge the “self”/“other” gap that so often distances Latino immigrants and locals.
The Co-produced Pathway to Impact Describes Knowledge Mobilization Processes
Authors: Phipps David , Cummins Joanne , Pepler Debra , Craig Wendy , Cardinal Shelley
Published: February 2022

Knowledge mobilization supports research collaborations between university and community partners which can maximize the impacts of research beyond the academy; however, models of knowledge mobilization are complex and create challenges for monitoring research impacts. This inability to sufficiently evaluate is particularly problematic for large collaborative research networks involving multiple partners and research institutions. The Co-produced Pathway to Impact simplifies many of the complex models of knowledge mobilization. It is a logic model based framework for mapping the progress of research -> dissemination -> uptake -> implementation -> impact. This framework is illustrated using collaborative research projects from Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network (PREVNet), a pan-Canadian community-university network engaging in knowledge mobilization to promote healthy relationships among children and youth and prevent bullying. The Co-produced Pathway to Impact illustrates that research impact occurs when university researchers collaborate with non-academic partners who produce the products, policies, and services that have impacts on the lives of end beneficiaries. Research impact is therefore measured at the level of non-academic partners and identified by surveying research partners to create narrative case studies of research impact.
Y Stent Rendezvous to Treat Symptomatic Innominate Artery Stenosis
Authors: Mitreski Goran , Asadi Hamed , Brooks Mark Duncan
Published: February 2022

A male in his 60s presented with transient ischemic attacks 5 years after aortic arch branch graft repair for type A aortic dissection. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated 80% stenosis of the brachiocephalic artery close to the origins of the right common carotid and subclavian arteries. The case was reviewed at our multidisciplinary aortic meeting and a plan for endovascular management was made. Percutaneous endovascular Y stenting from the innominate artery into the left common carotid and subclavian arteries was achieved using self-expanding nitinol stents with a rendezvous technique that included retrograde right radial artery, retrograde right external carotid artery, and retrograde right femoral arterial approaches. At 6 months review, the stents remained widely patent and the patient was symptom-free.
Formal Modeling of Security Concerns in Android
Authors: Khadija Javed
Published: February 2022

The need of providing a secure environment to the users of technology is necessary to keep it going. Android devices are used by most of the population worldwide, to keep it working and developing it should be secure for the users. Applications are installed on the device by the user for specific purposes. Different applications interact with each other to perform some specific functions e.g. an application that doesn't have its built-in Calendar functionality asks for the permission to access it externally from another application/s installed on the device and this inter-application communication can result in data theft vulnerabilities because of communication with a malicious application directly or indirectly. We present a defense mechanism model named PBAD (Permission Based Attack Defense) Model, which protects the applications from interacting with malicious applications and protecting the permission protected interfaces of the innocuous applications. Our main focus is on the permission related security measures because the permission model of the Android OS is coarse-grained and it is vulnerable to attacks. The presented model is a PROMELA based model.
Optimized Yolo with Dropout
Authors: Mubashir Ali
Published: February 2022

The goal is to recognize different objects by applying the YOLO (You Only Look Once) technique. This technique has a few benefits in contrast to any other techniques for object detection and tracking. In some codes as Fast Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) the code will not focus at the picture entirely but for the case of YOLO, the code focuses the entire image by concluding the detection boxes utilizing a convolutional neural framework and the probability of classes for the bounding boxes and finds the image immediately in contrast to some different codes. The dropout layer is also programed at the end to avoid over fitting issues. It is seen that using dropout the results have improved much.
Study of Applications of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kaleem Ullah Moon
Published: February 2022

This study is related to the different methods of identification of artificial neural networks. These techniques assess and detect lung cancer in the early stage of life, therefore, preventing lung disease. Growth in lung cancer is Pakistan's principal cause of death, so early identification of lung disease is crucial. The position and expectation of growth of lung cancer is guided by the pre-treatment plan in which sections, smoothing, and improvement measures were prepared which includes procedures based on pictures and steps. Lung malignancy was linked to the proper model of the false neural system and paces of the endurance of patients with lung disease were also determined. The role of artificial neural systems in the medical profession is significant Nowadays most ailment treatment strategies are prepared to upgrade the yield display with the aid of man-made brainpower. The artificial neural network model is useful in lung cancerous growth disorder because lung type of cancer can be detected. The main aim of this paper is to study the different methods of artificial neural network techniques used to detect, assess, and treat patients with lung cancer.
Flow-Based Rules Generation for Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Yasir Saleem  , Usama Anwar  , Muhammad Khawar Bashir  , Sheraz Naseer  , Nadia Tabassum
Published: February 2022

Rapid increase in internet users also brought new ways of privacy and security exploitation. Intrusion is one of such attacks in which an authorized user can access system resources and is major concern for cyber security community. Although AV and firewall companies work hard to cope with this kind of attacks and generate signatures for such exploits but still, they are lagging behind badly in this race. This research proposes an approach to ease the task of rules generationby making use of machine learning for this purpose. We used 17 network features to train a random forest classifier and this trained classifier is then translated into rules which can easily be integrated with most commonly used firewalls like snort and suricata etc. This work targets five kind of attacks: brute force, denial of service, HTTP DoS, infiltrate from inside and SSH brute force. Separate rules are generated for each kind of attack. As not every generated rule contributes toward detection that's why an evaluation mechanism is also used which selects the best rule on the basis of precision and f-measure values. Generated rules for some attacks have 100% precision with detection rate of more than 99% which represents effectiveness of this approach on traditional firewalls. As our proposed system translates trained classifier model into set of rules for firewalls so it is not only effective for rules generation but also give machine learning characteristics to traditional firewall to some extent.
On the deposition of ballasts in mixtures of incompatible oils
Authors: Ismayilov G. G. , Iskenderov E. Kh. , Ismayilova F. B.
Published: February 2022

Recent studies show that there are specific problems associated with mixing different types of crude oil. Incompatibility of miscible oils in particular can lead to clogging, sometimes even shutdown of piping systems. One of the reasons that cause the immiscibility of various crude oils is the presence of solid organic substances in the form of precipitated resins and asphaltenes in a mixture of oils. These substances, which are ballasts, often precipitate from a solution of oil mixtures. In order to study the influence of the displacement factor of crude oils on the quality characteristics of oils in laboratory conditions, various samples of oils and their mixtures were studied. It was found that when oil is mixed, nonlinear deviations of the properties of the mixture occur and noticeable anomalies in the change in the quality indicators can be expressed in oil mixtures. In this case, changes in the content of ballasts such as resin and asphaltenes in the mixture do not occur according to the additivity rule.

The kinetics of the deposition of various ballasts (resins, asphaltene and paraffins, as well as water, salt and mechanical impurities) in a mixture of incompatible oils was also studied. It was found that the bulk of all ballasts are besieged within 8-10 hours. Studies have shown that, depending on the chemical composition of the oils, the manifestation of incompatibility in mixtures can also be expressed in the intense discharge of various ballasts.
The strategy for drilling new wells in the fields of «Ozenmunaigaz» JSC
Authors: Khassanov B. K. , Sveshnikov A. V. , Ibrayev A. Ye. , Baluanov B. A. , Abdullaev U. Zh. , Koptleuova Z. U. , Chernov S. O. , Machekhin D. S.
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of applying the strategy for drilling new wells in the fields of Ozenmunaygas JSC, developed at the end of 2019, using the algorithm for planning and ranking the project fund taking into account the lower prospective productive horizon, drilling in the marginal zones of fields previously not covered by the development. This work is aimed at solving such a strategically important task as increasing the efficiency of drilling new wells in mature fields in the long term in the face of a decrease in the quality of reserves.
Наукові підходи до розуміння сутності поняття «взаємодія» в системі «влада-громадськість»
Authors: Михайловська О. В.
Published: February 2022

У статті узагальнено підходи науковців до розуміння сутності поняття «взаємодія» в системі публічного управління. Встановлено, що у наукових джерелах термін «взаємодія» часто використовують для опису взаємодії, що виникає  в процесі спільної діяльності між співробітниками, службами, органами. З’ясовано, що погляди науковців щодо трактування дефініції «взаємодія» не суперечать один одному. Виокремлено спільні для багатьох визначень ознаки взаємодії: спільна діяльність; наявність декількох елементів; погодженість змісту завдань, що виконуються суб’єктами взаємодії. Наголошено, що взаємодія може відбуватись не внаслідок заздалегідь скоординованої діяльності чи регламентації в нормативному акті, а в результаті прояву ініціативи одного з суб’єктів взаємодії. Підкреслено, що мета різних елементів взаємодії може мати розбіжності, які характеризується складністю соціальних систем. Зазначено, що управлінська система – це єдине ціле, що існує і розвивається завдяки взаємодії його компонентів. За такого підходу взаємодію у широкому розумінні визначають як взаємозв’язок керуючої системи (суб’єкт управління) і тієї системи, якою керують (об’єкт управління). Доведено, що взаємодія у більшості випадків розглядається з точки зору процесного підходу. З’ясовано, що взаємодія є необхідною умовою підвищення ефективності та результативності системи публічного управління. Констатовано, що розвиток громадянського суспільства пов’язаний з координацією структурних елементів в системі публічного управління. Водночас завдання, які стоять перед органами публічної влади, не можуть бути реалізовані без використання сумісної діяльності з інститутами громадянського суспільства. Запропоновано авторське трактування таких понять як «взаємодія» та «публічно-партнерська взаємодія».
WACANA SEBUAH PEMBERITAAN INDONESIA JUARA UMUM DI ISPRO 2015 PADA MEDIA ONLINE PERSPEKTIF TEUN A. VAN DIJK
Authors: Aisah Siti
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan berita Indonesia sebagai juara di olimpiade internasional pada media online periode Januari—Mei 2015 dalam perspektif Teun A. Van Dijk. Data bersumber dari wacana berita tentang Indonesia sebagai juara di Olimpiade Internasional pada media online di Indonesia periode Januari—Mei 2015 dengan teknik sampling jenuh dan dianalisis dengan model Teun A. Van Dijk difokuskan pada level teks. Relevan dengan pendapat Sugiyono (2010: 85) bahwa teknik pengambilan sampel yang melibatkan seluruh anggota populasi sampling jenuh dapat dilakukakan bila sampel populasi relatif kecil, yaitu kurang dari 30. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah berita Indonesia sebagai juara di Olimpiade Internasional pada media online periode Januari—Mei 2015 memuat (1) perbedaan sudut pandang pemberitaan indonesia menjadi juara umum dalam olimpiade; (2) mengklasifikasikan data dalam perspektif Van Dijk; (3) mempresentasekan klasifikasi dalam data penelitian; (4) mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis elemen wacana yang terdapat dalam teks berita; (5) dan menyimpulkan hasil deskripsi dan analisis.
Obesity as an Emerging Risk Factor for Anemia
Authors: Altaf Benash , Aftab Rana Khurram , Khan Zeeshan Ali , Salam Rana Muhammad Tahir , Behram Fakiha
Published: February 2022

Background: Obesity and anemia are important health challenges worldwide particularly in females and children. These conditions are prevalent in most developing countries and have devastating effect on mental as well as physical health. Evidences are available showing the association between these two conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of anemia among obese subjects and to find association between BMI and hemoglobin.

Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study comprised of 216 subjects was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad from April 2018 to September 2018. After approval from ethical committee, all the relevant data including gender, age, height and weight were recorded on a predesigned proforma. BMI was calculated with help of a formula height in meter2/weight in kg. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were obtained by Sahli's method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Hemoglobin levels were compared between obese and non-obese subjects by Mann whitney test. Percentages were compared by X2. Regression analysis was used to find association between BMI and Hb.

Results: Study comprised of 216 subjects of mean age 19.9±0.88. Of total studied population 38 .0% were obese having BMI ? 25kg/m2. Significant differences were observed in the mean BMI (P value= 0.001*) and Hb (P value= 0.021*) between the studied groups. Hemoglobin levels were lower in obese individuals than non-obese. (10.4 Vs 12.18) Regression analysis reveals significant negative association of BMI with Hb (?, - 1.036, P value =0.000*).

Conclusion: Anemia is more prevalent among obese individuals than non-obese subjects.
Professional Quality of Life and Its Association with Work Experience and Income among Healthcare Worker
Authors: Maroof Nirmeen , Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan , Nawaz Haleema , Shah Syed Imran Ali
Published: February 2022

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess job satisfaction between groups of healthcare workers based on their work experience and monthly salary.Methodology: Healthcare workers (n=81) including clinicians, nurses and medical teachers were recruited from a private medical institute at Lahore. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Scale including its component scales of Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (BO) and Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) were used to determine aspects of vocational quality of life and satisfaction. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences. Spearman correlational analysis was done to assess correlation between income, work experience and job satisfaction.Results: Significantly higher professional satisfaction, lower burnout and stress scores were observed in experienced healthcare workers as compared to less-experienced ones (p value =0.039* for JSS, p value =0.011* for CS, p value =0.055* for BO and p value =0.027* for STS). Significantly higher satisfaction scores were found in workers with higher monthly income as compared to those with lower monthly salary (p value =0.006* for JSS and p value =0.032* for CS). Significant positive correlation was observed between healthcare workers’ job satisfaction and their experience and monthly salary.Conclusion: More experience at work is particularly associated with lower burnout and reduced occupational stress.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Practitioners against Hepatitis B in District Faisalabad
Authors: Rashid Dr.Abid , Habiba Dr. Ume , Asif Dr. Muhammad , Akhtar Dr. Naseem , Ayaz Dr. Sultan , Khatoon Dr. Saadia
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental practitioners against Hepatitis B in district Faisalabad.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August 2019 to 31st January 2020. Sixty four dental practitioners who are practicing in Allied hospital Faisalabad and DHQ hospital Faisalabad were recruited by using simple random sampling technique, included in this study. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires.

Results: Mean age ± SD of the respondents was 31.6±2.8 years. On account of assessing knowledge, 52 dentists strongly agreed for proper hand washing in the prevention of Hepatitis B. For using barriers like gloves, gown and masks, 56 of the respondents strongly agreed. For using puncture-resistant containers for sharp disposal, 25 of the respondents strongly agreed. For using protective eye wares 46 agreed. Fifty nine of the respondents strongly agreed for the proper sterilization of instruments in the prevention of Hepatitis B. On account of practices against Hepatitis B, 52 respondents were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Twelve were not vaccinated. Forty six out of 52 had completed the course of vaccination. Five out of 52 failed to recall the history of their vaccination but 6 did not completed the course.

Conclusion: A good percentage of dental practitioners have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. However, there is a need to increase this percentage, so that maximum number of dentists that come in direct contact with the persons could be prevented against this fatal disease.
Role of White blood cell count in Diagnostic accuracy of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Bibi Dr. Sarwat , Saqib Dr. Khurram , Saleem Dr. Muhammad , Farhan Dr. Aalia , Ahmad Dr.Humaira , Rana Hamza
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the role of white blood cell count (WBC) in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its relation to histopathological findings.

Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad. One hundred patients with acute appendicitis were encompassed in our work. Diagnosis was confirmed after careful clinical assessment aided with classical sign and symptoms. White Blood cell count of every patient was done from laboratory of our hospital. Specimen of appendix of every patient was sent for histopathology. In addition, pre-operative white blood cell count (WBC) was compared with postoperative histopathology reports to assess WBC count's significance in the identification of acute appendicitis.

Results: Out of 100 cases, 63 were male, and 37 were females. Age of the patients was between 12 to 55 years, mean age being 20.9 years. Commonest age group was 17 to 30 years (n=73). The sensitivity and specificity of WBC count were calculated 27% and 43.75% respectively, while positive and negative predictive value was 71.87 and 10.1%, respectively. Mean ± SD of TLC of patients with normal and inflamed appendix was 10781±291.0 and 95908 ± 329.43respectively, this difference was not statistically different (p value=0.16). Neutrophils count was 66. 86% in patients with inflamed appendix and nearly equal to this 65.18% was noticed with normal appendix on histopathology (p value=0.15). Odd Ratio were insignificant showing WBCs are nor independent predictors of acute appendicitis (p value 0.30)

Conclusion: White blood cell count is not a very good and reliable investigation for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patient can be having acute appendicitis with normal white blood cell count.
Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Female Infertility
Authors: Farooqui Nida , Maha Qurat-ul-ain , Ashraf Mussarat , Azhar Dr.Arfa , Jehan Farrukh , Rehman Dr. Rehana
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate the possible association of serum and follicular fluids(FF) Vitamin D levels with reproductive outcomes after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Secondly, to detect Vitamin D Receptors (VDR) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of ovarian follicle and explore its relationship with Vitamin D levels as well as reproductive outcomes.

Methodology: This study was conducted on May 2019 in Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 8 infertile female subjects were conveniently recruited. Serum was collected and follicular fluid(FF) was obtained by transvaginal-guided follicular puncture; 34 hours after intramuscular administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG). Vitamin D and VDR was assessed in serum as well as in FF by Paired Sample t-test.

Results: Females 2 out of 8 acquired clinical pregnancy, whereas 3 had pre-clinical abortion or no pregnancy. Vitamin D and VDR were detected highest in those female patients that acquired pregnancy in comparison to the pre-clinical abortion or non-pregnant ones (p value<0.007). Serum VDR did not show any significant results in all groups  

Conclusion: Vitamin D in serum and FF and vitamin D receptor in serum and FF were associated with number of oocytes. High levels of VDR in FF observed in clinical pregnancy group proved our hypothesis that the presence of VDR in FF is a contributing factor for successful conception after ART success.
Përdorimi i teknikave të posaçme të hetimit të veprave penale dhe praktika e gjykatës europiane të të drejtave të njeriut.
Authors: Hasankolli Ina
Published: February 2022

Objektivi: Objektivi i këtij punimi është të trajtojë në mënyrë më të detajuar përdorimin e teknikave të posaçme të hetimit si një nevojë e shteteve në luftën kundër krimit të organizuar. Gjithashtu të trajtojë raportin mes përdorimit të këtyre teknikave të posaçme të hetimit dhe neninit 8 të Konventës Europiane për të Drejtat e Njeriut (KEDNJ), të drejtës për jetë private dhe familjare. Rastet e devijimit nga kjo e drejtë për shkak të interesit publik dhe qëndrimet e Gjykatës Europiane të të Drejtave të Njeriut (GJEDNJ) lidhur me këtë çështje. Metoda: Metoda e përdorur në këtë punim synon të trajtojë më hollësisht legjislacionin shqiptar lidhur me teknikat e posaçme të hetimit. Gjithashtu është bërë një ndërthurje me praktikën e GJEDNJ-së lidhur me aplikim në praktikë të këtyre teknikave në luftën kundër krimit të organizuar. Rezultatet: Në vijim paraqiten raste kur e drejta për jetë private dhe familjare si një e drejtë jo absolute vihet në diskutim kur lind nevoja të përdoren teknikat e posaçme të hetimit. Gjithashtu trajtohen dhe rastet, mënyra dhhe kushtet e domosdoshme që duhet të ekzistojnë për të aplikuar metodat e posaçme të hetimit. Përfundimet: Me ndryshimet e bëra në Kodin e Procedurës Penale, legjislacioni shqiptar është përshtatur me atë europian, duke arritur të inplementojë praktikat më të mira europiane si dhe praktikat e GJEDNJ-së.
Out of the Box Artificial Intelligence (OBAI): The Beginning of a New Era in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gajawada Satish , Mustafa Hassan M. H.
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of writing this article is to unify all the OUT OF THE BOX ideas (under Artificial Intelligence) invented by the corresponding author of this work during the period (2013-2022) under a single umbrella titled “Out of the BOX Artificial Intelligence Field (OBAI Field)”. All the OUT OF THE BOX ideas which are proposed under Artificial Intelligence will come under new field titled OBAI Field which is defined in this work. A new Artificial Intelligence field titled “Artificial Cartoon Algorithms (ACA)” is invented in this work. ACA is a sub-field of OBAI field as it is an OUT OF THE BOX idea. Four new algorithms titled “Artificial Cartoon Popeye Algorithm”, “Artificial Cartoon Chhota Bheem Algorithm”, “Artificial Cartoon Jerry Algorithm” and “Artificial Cartoon Happy Kid Algorithm” are designed in this work.
Relationship between Corporate Information Disclosure and Financial Performance in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hariri Mohammad
Published: February 2022

This study explains the influence of the corporate disclosure of firms listed on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s stock exchange (Tadawul) on their subsequent financial performance. The research was conducted using an empirical-analytical approach at an explanatory level. Hypotheses were formulated based on secondary data and a general linear model that explains the financial performance measures based on the relevant corporate information disclosed by companies listed on Tadawul was used. Firms that disclosed the use of their strengths and resources to achieve objectives related to financial, economic, and environmental issues had a negative impact on the excess return expected beyond the systematic risk-adjusted return. Jensen’s alpha index was found to be the most appropriate financial performance measure to evaluate the relationship between corporate disclosure practices and firms’ subsequent performance. This study contributes to a better understanding of how the International Integrated Reporting Framework fosters value creation in financial capital. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to use statistical procedures to explain the simultaneous effects of multiple explanatory variables on multiple explained variables, which constitutes a major methodological contribution.
A New Odd Fréchet Lehmann Type II–G Family of Distributions: A Power Function Distribution With Theory and Applications
Authors: Mutairi Alya Al , Z. Arshad Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Modeling complex random phenomena frequently observed in reliability engineering and medical science once thought to be an enigma. Scientists and practitioners agree that an appropriate but simple model is the best choice for this investigation. We contribute a new family referred to as an odd Fréchet Lehmann type-II (OFrLII) G family of distributions to address these issues. This new family has involved a shape parameter that modulated the tails of new models. Furthermore, we develop a list of eight new sub-models for a new family and a power function distribution (OFrLII–PF) nominated for detailed discussion. We derive several complementary mathematical properties and explicit expressions for the moments, quantile function, and order statistics. We plot possible shapes of the density and the hazard rate functions over the particular choices of the model parameters. We follow a technique known as maximum likelihood estimation to estimate unknown model parameters and a simulation study established to assess the asymptotic behavior of these MLEs. The applicability of the OFrLII–G family, is evaluated via OFrLII –PF distribution. For this, we fit two engineering and one COVID–19 pandemic dataset. Supportive results of OFrLII–PF distribution declare it as a better fit model against the well-established competitor’s ones. A modified odd Fréchet Lehmann Type II–G Family of Distributions: A Power Function Distribution with Theory and Applications
Effect of Grain Moisture Content and Roller Mill Gap Size on Various Physical Properties of Yellow Dent Corn Flour
Authors: Shafinas Muhammad Noor Intan , Bernard Darfour , Nazira Mahmud , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: February 2022

Corn has six main varieties grown globally for animal feed, human consumption, and commercial/industrial purposes. Flour is an end-product of corn dry-milling. Products that are derived from corn flour often show differences in physical, chemical, and pasting properties due to corn varietal differences, milling methods, differences in flour particle sizes, and drying temperatures. The study aimed to determine the effect of different moisture contents of yellow dent corn and roller gap sizes, on the physical properties of the resulting corn flour. The possibility to use the flour in the manufacturing of animal feed and ethanol production was also considered. Yellow dent corn grain with moisture contents (MC) of 8%, 14.0%, and 18%, and roller gap sizes (GAP) of 0.1016 mm, 0.2032 mm, and 0.3048 mm were used. The Witt corrugated roller mill equipment with rollers of 1/32 inches corrugations was used to produce fine grits and flours. The particle sizes obtained were between 0.54 mm and 0.75 mm which increased with an increase in MC and GAP. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for swine feed. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.3048 mm and grain with 14.0.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for ruminant feed. Grain with 18% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for poultry feed. GAP of 0.1016 mm and 8% MC can produce flour of particle sizes suitable for the ethanol production industry. Flour preparation should purposely be done based on grain MC and GAP. The geometric mean diameter of particle sizes ranged from 0.54 mm-0.75 mm, and the geometric mean diameter of particle sizes increased with increasing MC and GAP. Also, grains with 8% MC had the highest loss in flour, and the higher moisture of 18% significantly affected the red color of flour.
Ovine Artificial Insemination in the Maghreb Region: Present Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Atigui Moufida , Chniter Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Artificial insemination (AI) plays a key role in the genetic improvement of farm animals. Although it is widely used for cattle in the Maghreb region, it is scarcely applied in sheep at farm level. This is not only due to low fertility and irregular results that range between 30 to less than 76% for both cervical AI with fresh semen and laparoscopic insemination with frozen semen in most of studied breeds and also because of low results related to conditioning of fresh, chilled and frozen rams′ semen. An appropriately literature analysis was conducted to highlight the importance of sheep breeding in the Maghreb region particularly in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and to assess the efficiency of AI for Magrebin ovine breeds, the results related to different semen conditioning techniques and different AI procedures. The main factors affecting AI results are also presented. Finally, this chapter presents different strategies to improve AI efficiency at farm level in the future and the challenges to extrapolate experimental AI techniques to field conditions at a large scale.
Diversity, Importance and Decline of Pollinating Insects in Present Era
Authors: Kaur Navkiran , Singh Kaleka Amritpal
Published: February 2022

Pollination is a multi-million-year-old co-evolutionary process involving flowering plants and pollinators. It is one of the most important mechanisms in preservation and promotion of biodiversity as well as life on Earth. Pollinator diversity is essential for maintaining overall biological diversity in many habitats including agro-ecosystems. Pollinators are responsible for assisting reproduction in over 80% of the world’s flowering plants. In their absence, humans and wildlife would go hungry. Insects are the most efficient pollinators as they play a crucial part in pollination ecology. Pollinators and their habitats have ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits. Pollination efficiency is highly dependent on certain attributes and characteristics of pollinators such as vision, anatomy, food preferences, olfaction, behaviour and learning ability. With the rapid growth of human population, our demand for food has also risen. Our agricultural systems will need to produce more food in a sustainable manner in the future to cope with this. Pollinators play an important role in these ecosystems and will continue to do so in the future. Because pollinators are so important to agriculture, we need to learn more about which crops require specific pollinators and how to best maintain and promote both wild and controlled species. Their diversity needs protection because there are specific relationships between certain crops and pollinators. Pollinator communities are suffering as a result of man-made habitat disruptions, including severe biodiversity loss. This diversity must be protected by combining conservation measures with sustainable farming practices which could increase crop yields while protecting insect pollinator species.
Vitrectomy in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Naresh Shah Payal , P. Shanmugam Mahesh , K. Mishra Divyansh
Published: February 2022

Diabetic vitrectomy is a complicated vitreoretinal surgery due to the complex interaction of various factors. Indications of vitrectomy in diabetes patients would comprise of non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage, taut posterior hyaloid causing vitreo-papillary traction, vitreomacular traction, non-resolving macular edema due to epiretinal membrane, posterior pole tractional retinal detachment or combined retinal detachment. Pre-operative systemic evaluation, a thorough clinical evaluation with ancillary investigations like ultrasound and optical coherence tomography are important for planning the surgery. In this chapter, we would be discussing the basic principles of PVD induction, surgical steps and techniques involved in diabetic vitrectomy. Complications associated can be intraoperative or post-operative. Intra-operative complications would include corneal edema, cataract, bleeding and iatrogenic breaks. Post-operative complications can be divided into early and late, which include vitreous cavity bleeding, raised intraocular pressure, reproliferation, epiretinal membrane, cataract, glaucoma and hypotony.
Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable
Authors: Tizro Parastou , Abdulbaki Rami , Aggarwal Anita , Auerbach Aaron , E. Nava Victor
Published: February 2022

Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, which is unclassifiable, includes low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that do not fit into any other splenic lymphoid neoplasm based on current WHO classification. Presently, two provisional entities, splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL) and hairy-cell leukemia variant (HCL-v), are the most recognizable members of this group. SDRPL is an uncommon malignancy representing less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Frequent clinical manifestations include splenomegaly and lymphocytosis. SDRPL is currently considered a diagnosis of exclusion and requires clinical and paraclinical correlation, including blood smear, bone marrow and spleen morphology, and the correct immunophenotype (typically positive for CD20, DBA.44, and IgG; and negative for CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, annexin A1, CD11c, CD25, CD103, and CD123), and cytogenetic findings. Cyclin D3 is expressed in the majority of SDRPL in contrast to other types of small B-cell lymphomas. HCL-v is a less common disease accounting for 0.4% of all chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. It resembles classical HCL and SDRPL by diffusely infiltrating the splenic red pulp but is considered biologically unrelated. Splenomegaly and atypical lymphocytosis without monocytopenia are common. Distinguishing features of HCL-v include morphology, immunophenotype (the absence of CD25, CD200, CD123, annexin A1, and TRAP), genotype (wild-type BRAF), and prognosis.
Pacemakers and Defibrillators Implantation
Authors: Ghods Kamran , Forozeshfard Mohammad , Aghaamoo Shahrzad , Amini Narges , Zangian Hoda
Published: February 2022

Since the introduction of pacemakers and defibrillators in the 1960s, many lives have been saved. The technologies used in the development and implantation of such devices are constantly improving, making the procedures increasingly effective and safe. However, the complexity of such implantations makes it one of the most important procedures that need high levels of expertise, knowledge, and experience on the part of the entire surgery team. There is a wide range of devices used for different purposes with various features and characteristics to suit different patients. They range from single-chamber and dual-chamber pacemakers to pulse generators and biventricular pacemakers. The present review chapter seeks to elaborate on the steps of pacemakers and defibrillators implantation, starting from patient selection to post-surgery care and patient education. It outlines all necessary measures in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative stages to ensure the utmost safety, prevent infection, and avoid and treat further complications. The procedures used by our team have demonstrated satisfactory results for patients with a wide variety of conditions.
The Linear and Nonlinear Relationship between Infrastructure and FDI in India
Authors: Sreenu Nenavath , Sunda Sekhar Rao Kondru
Published: February 2022

The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationship between Infrastructure and FDI, to understand whether there is a significant difference or not concerning the FDI equity inflows to infrastructure projects. The ARDL and Granger causality methods to cointegration; propose the existence of long-run function in two-directional causalities between foreign direct investment and infrastructure, whereas the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) validates the asymmetries in the relationship between FDI and Infrastructure. The outcomes of the study are that foreign direct investment inflows are significant to improve the infrastructure projects in various sectors, in the short-run and long run. As enlightening infrastructure is dynamic to attract FDI, outcomes will be predominantly valuable to policymakers and related to the emerging markets.
Pyrolysis-GC/MS, A Powerful Analytical Tool for Additives and Polymers Characterization
Authors: Huertas de la Torre Sonia
Published: February 2022

Analytical Pyrolysis technique hyphenated to GC/MS is used to obtain structural information of macromolecules. The composition and relative abundance of the pyrolysis products are characteristic for a given polymer and their determination allows the identification of materials that cannot be determined otherwise. In the present work different examples are presented in which different pyrolysis techniques are used, such as pulsed, fractional and sequential pyrolysis, working with polymer solutions, cold injection in split or narrow band mode or thermochemolysis. Specially useful is serial pyrolysis which is performed in two or more steps. Initially, volatile compounds are thermally extracted from the sample at a relatively low temperature (thermal desorption), and then the same sample is pyrolyzed at a higher temperature.
Issues in Creation of Bio-Compatible Cochlear Signal: Towards a New Generation of Cochlear Prosthetic Devices
Authors: (“Vlad”) Wojcik Wlodzimierz
Published: February 2022

A model of a fully functional cochlear prosthesis is presented here, simplified by taking into account only those evolutionary features of natural cochleae that contribute to their functionality. The proposed prosthetic device generates a bio-compatible digital signal which can be fed to the cochlear nerve. Subsequently, analysis of cochlear nerve signals is offered, both natural and artificial. To that end a number of mathematical theorems are formulated, proven, and then used to demonstrate that signals obtained from our prosthetic device are useful towards auditory pattern recognition, audio location, and even speech comprehension, as well as understanding and enjoyment of music.
Diverse Survival Functions of Secondary Metabolites in Nature
Authors: Mandwal Ayush
Published: February 2022

Secondary metabolites are low molecular mass products of secondary metabolism which are usually produced by microorganisms experiencing stringent conditions. These metabolites are not essential for growth but serve diverse survival functions in nature. Besides offering survival advance to the producing organisms, they have several medicinal uses such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs, immune suppressants, and other medicines which benefited human society immensely for more than a century. This chapter provides an overview of various functions these secondary metabolites offer in nature from single-cell organisms to multicellular organisms. Furthermore, this chapter also discusses the underlying mechanisms behind their diverse functions and how these are regulated and synthesized under non-viable environmental conditions.
Robotic Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: The Evolution of Component Separation
Authors: J. Oviedo Rodolfo , Hodges Jeffrey , Nguyen-Lee Joseph , Detz David , Oh Mary , Bombardelli João , Shah Anuj , Manzar Atteeba , Martinino Alessandro
Published: February 2022

From the first description of the component separation technique in the literature at the end of the twentieth century to the current state of complex abdominal wall reconstruction, this rapidly evolving field of General Surgery has advanced at an accelerated pace. With the advancement of technological breakthroughs that stem from the original open technique, endoscopic, laparoscopic, and more recently robotic approaches have been developed to facilitate complex abdominal wall reconstruction to restore the body’s anatomy and physiology to functional levels. This chapter will give an overview of the historic progression of these advanced techniques and will illustrate the key steps for their safe and effective performance including the endoscopic external oblique anterior release as well as posterior release techniques such as the robotic transversus abdominis release (TAR). Finally, other useful variations of complex repair such as the robotic extended totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) approach will be described.
The Role of Silane Sol-Gel Coatings on the Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Merino Emilia , Durán Alicia , Castro Yolanda
Published: February 2022

Magnesium alloys, as the lightest structural metallic material with promising physical, mechanical, and biodegradable properties, have become very attractive for different technical applications, especially for industrial and biomedical fields. However, rapid corrosion is the most critical obstacle that limits its use to play a major role in large-scale applications. The simplest way to control the corrosion rate is to prevent a direct contact of the magnesium substrate with the environment by using surface modification technologies. Silica sol-gel coatings are considered a promising solution to enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys because sol-gel-based coating systems form very stable chemical bonds with the metallic surface. In this chapter, an insight about the advances in silica sol-gel coatings as an alternative method to control the corrosion of Mg and its alloys will be exposed. A wide overview of the most relevant aspects and their current applications, specifically for aerospace, automobile, and biomedical applications will be described. The modification of silica sol-gel matrix by the incorporation of different types of inhibitors to achieve an active barrier property on Mg alloys has been also considered. Finally, the future perspective based on the development of new silica sol-gel coatings on Mg alloy will be presented.