bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathways of Blood Clotting Initiation by Cancer Cells
Authors: Semeraro N.
Published: May 2019

Although available information indicates that cancer cells may activate blood coagulation, the precise mechanism remains still uncertain. A procoagulant with characteristics of tissue thromboplastin has been found in human benign and malignant tissues and in some experimental tumors. On the other hand it has been reported that extracts from malignant tissues directly activate coagulation factor X, due to the presence of a serine protease. We have investigated the procoagulscitic fluid. Cells from Lewis lung carcinoma (primary and metastasis), Ehrlich carcinoma ascites and JW sarcoma ascites were able to shorten markedly the recalcification time of normal, factor VIII and factor VII-deficient, not of factor X-deficient human plasma. The same cells did generate thrombin when mixed with a source of prothrombin and factor X, absorbed bovine serum (as a source of factor V), phospholipid and CaCl2.

Cells from Sarcoma ISO ascites were completely inactive in both test systems. It was a included that cells from some experimental tumors, similarly to normal platelets, possess the capacity to directly activate coagulation factor X. This suggests the existence of an alternative “cellular” pathway in blood clotting initiation distinct from both the intrin sic and extrinsic mechanisms.

(Supported by Italian CNR and NIH, NCI, USA).
Beta Thromboglobulin and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hughes A. , Daunt S. , Vass G. , Wickes J.
Published: May 2019

Beta thromboglobulin. a platelet specific protein liberated during the release reaction, has been measured in normal individuals (n=285),and in patients presenting with acute chest pain. The latter group consisted of those with acute myocardial infarction (n=19),those with acute myocardial ischaemia (n=21),and those with chest pain of non cardiac origin (n-7). In the patient groups beta thromboglobulin was measured on admission to hospital, and thereafter daily until the patient was discharged. There was no significant difference between the normal population (mean 22.5 ng/ml),and the patients with with non cardiac chest pain (mean .24 ng/ml). There was a significant difference between the normal population and the patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean 34 ng/ml),and acute myocardial ischaemia (mean 33 ng/ml), p<0.001. There was also a significant difference between these two groups and the patients with non cardiac chest pain, p<0.01.

We would conclude that platelet activation occurs in acute myocardial infarction and ischaemia, but it is not clear if this is a primary or a secondary phenomenon.
The Ratio of Functional: Immunologic Antithrombin III as an Index of Antithrombin Consumption
Authors: Philip J.A.D. , Walker Isobel D. , Davidson J.F.
Published: May 2019

In certain clinical conditions poor correlation between functional and immunologic antithrombin III (ATIII) may be an index of ATIII consumption. Plasma ATIII was measured in 50 controls and in 50 patients with acute pancreatitis (a) functionally using a chromogenic substrate assay and (b) immunologically using an immunodiffusion method. In the controls the functional ATIII range was 82-115% of the standard and the range of immunologic ATIII was 25-36 mg%. Functional and immunologic ATIII levels were significantly correlated in the controls and the range of the ratio of functional: immunologic ATIII was 3.08-3.66. 23 of the patients had a functional: immunologic ATIII ratio below 3.08 suggesting a relative loss of ATIII functional activity. In 7 of these 23 the functional ATIII level was reduced below the control range but in the other 16 functional ATIII was either high or within the control range and loss of functional activity was apparent only when functional and immunologic assays were compared. ATIII is an acute phase reactant. In certain clinical conditions (e.g. acute pancreatitis) consumption of ATIII may be overlooked if both functional and immunologic assays are not performed in parallel.
Hog and Beef Mucosal Heparin - In Vitro Study Using Different Assay Procedures
Authors: Aiach Martine , Kher A. , Mardiguian J.
Published: May 2019

In a previous study, on healthy volunteers two purified heparin preparations, obtained from hog and beef mucosausing the same manufacturing procedure, were compared for anticoagulant activity. Heparin levels measured by anti Xa assays and AFTT were not statistically different following subcutaneous or intravenous heparin injection, (M. Aiach, A. Kher, A. Kichaud, J. Mardiguian, M. Trillou, M. Leclerc - Thrombosis Research, to be published). An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the biological activity of these two heparins : thrombin clotting time was performed in plasma. Anti Xa activities were compared in purified system using human antithrombin III, or in plasma, and bovine and human activated factor X were used. Residual F Xa was evaluated with chromogenic substrate and in a clotting assay. The results will be reported in detail.

In conclusion, the biological activity in vitro is higher for hog mucosal than for beef mucosal heparin when evaluated with sensitive and accurate methods. The in vivo study does not confirm these data. This discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo studies could be explained by individual variation of in vivo response to heparin and by dissimilarities in the distribution of molecular weight between these two heparins.
Effect of Metabolic Control with Insulin on Plasma von Willebrand Factor Activity Growth Hormone, and Platelet Aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Colwell J.A. , Gonzalez J. , Sarji K.E. , Nair R.M.G. , Sagel J.
Published: May 2019

Elevated plasma von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin method:VIIIR:WFj and high plasma growth hormone (GH) levels occur in diabetes mellitus. Hypersensitivity of plate lets to aggregating agents is also seen. We have therefore studied the effect of short-term diabetic control with insulin on plasma VIIIR:WF, GH, and platelet aggregation.

Tight metabolic control with insulin was instituted for two weeks in five insulin depend ent diabetic patients after a period of inadequate diabetic control. Overnight sleep studies were performed before and after the period of closely monitored insulin administration, and frequent determinations of plasma glucose, VIIIR:WF, and GH levels were done during sleep. Platelet aggregation thresholds to ADP, epinephrine, and arachid’lic acid were measured before and after tight control.

We found that: (1) elevated plasma VIIIR:WF levels in diabetics persist during overnigh sleep, but were not altered by wide swings in GH levels; (2) short-term careful diabetic control with insulin lowered plasma VIIIR:WF levels towards normal in the majority of subjects tested; and (3) increased sensitivity of platelets to aggregating agents appeared during tight insulin therapy in those subjects studied.
Haemostasis in Diabetes and its Relationship with Diabetic Complications
Authors: Fuller J.H. , Meade T.W. , Keen H. , Chakrabarti R. , Jarrett R.J. , Worth W.R.S. , Omer T. , Stirling Y.
Published: May 2019

To study the possible role of an “increased thrombotic tendency” in the vascular complications of diabetes, a wide range of tests of haemostatic function has been carried out in 91 male and 63 female diabetics aged 35-54, and the results compared with the findings in 686 men and 393 women of the same nge in the Northwick Park Heiirt Study. Mean levels of factors VII and X, fibrinogen and platelet adhesiveness were higher in diabetics than non-diabetics; antithrombin III levels were pilso higher in the diabetics, possibly as a protective response to other chansee favouring the onset of vascular disease. Fibrinolytic activity, particularly in those not dependent on insulin, and whole blood platelet count were lower in the diabetics. Within the group of diahetics, mean factor VII and antithrombin III levels were higher in those with retinopathy than in those without, and factor VII and fibrinogen levels and platelet adhesiveness were higher in those with proteinuria than in those without. These findings are, in general compatible with the idea of an “increased thrombotic tendency” as playing a part in the nathogenesis of the vascular complications of diabetes.
Activation and Regulation of Platelet Phospholipases
Authors: Rittenhouse-Simmons S.
Published: May 2019

The stimulated human platelet exhibits a number of rapid alterations in phospholipid metabolism which appear to have a significant role in promoting the thrombotic and hemostal, activity of the cell. Some of the earliest changes involve two types of phospholipid hydrolysis, resulting from the activation of at least two enzymes: 1)phospholipase(s) A, which frees arachidonic acid and 2)phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C, which yields diglyceride. The action of phospholipase A and the factors which regulate it are of essential interest because this enzymatic activity governs the availahility of arachidonic acid to oxidative enzymes which, in turn, produce biologically active endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, and chemotactic hydroxy-derivatives. The activation of phospholipase A is promoted by elevated levels of intracellular Ca+2, is inhibited completely by cAMP, and is inhibited partially by indomethacin or aspirin. The nroductIon of diglyceride in response to thrombin is also blocked by cAMP. Since the enzyme is dependent upon Ca+2, it is possible that the mobilization of platelet Ca+2 stores mav be the activating event for this enzyme (phospholipase C). The rapidly (within 5 sec of stimulus)- Renerated diglvceride may then promote a membrane de-stabilization and thereby facilitate secretion. The observation of the rapid turnover of PI in activated platelets is consistent with earlier findings for stimulated secretory tissue, such as thyroid gland.
Possible Roles for Protein Phosphorylation in Platelet Responses
Authors: Haslam R.J. , Fox J.E.B. , Salama S.E. , Lynham J.A.
Published: May 2019

The relationships between the phosphorylation of specific platelet polypeptides and platelet function were studied using washed human platelets labelled by preincubation with [32p] Pi. Platelet polypeptides were separated by SDS-PAGE and 32P incorporation into them determined by autoradiography. Whereas induction of platelet aggregation alone did not affect protein phosphorylation, induction of the release reaction increased 3P incorporation into several polypeptides (P75,P47,P40,P27,P20,P19), including the P-light chain of platelet myosin (P20). These changes were inhibited by drugs that blocked Ca2 movements and may be due to activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. Compounds that inhibited platelet function by increasing cyclic AMP (e.g. PCE1) also suppressed these reactions but, in addition, increased phosphorylation of other polypeptides (P50,P49,P36,P24,P22). Type I and Type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases were present in platelets and may mediate Che latter effects of cyclic AMP. Subcellular fractionation of 32p-labelled platelets that had been exposed to PCE1 showed that P24 was present in membranes that could take up Ca2+ by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Membranes from PCE1-treated platelets took up Ca2+ more rapidly than control membranes. Thus, the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of P24 may stimulate the removal of Ca2+ from platelet cytosol and suppress Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation reactions necessary for release of granule constituents.
Influence of Plasma “Age” and Anticoagulant on Factor VIII Content of Plasma and on the Yield of an Intermediate-Purity Concentrate.
Authors: Smith J.K. , Snape T.J.
Published: May 2019

Claims made for the higher factor VIII content of plasma taken into particular anticoagulants or separated mithin a certain time of donation are not necessarily relevant to concentrates carried through several stages of processing. Four types of plasma were collected; from blood taken Into ACD or CPD anticoagulant and separated within 6-8h (FF) or after overnight (ON) storage of blood donations. Approximately 24 donations were pooled into 5 1 polyethylene packs and froien for storage below -30°. Before fractionation, packs were sampled by “coring” and the factor VIII content of the cores was measured. CPD/FF plasma had a significantly higher content of factor VIII than either ACD/FF or ACD/ON plasma, but for either anticoagulant the difference between FF and ON plasma was not significant.

Intermediate purity concentrate was prepared in ≃ 100 kg batches by large-scale cryopreeipitation, adsorption and precipitation of unwanted proteins at reduced pH and temperature. Batches of concentrate made from CPD plasma gave a significantly higher yield of factor VIII and higher specific activity than those made from ACD plasma, but there were fewer and smaller differences between batches from FF and ON plasma in either anticoagulant.
The Effect of Halotan and Ether Anaesthesia on Some Parameters of Blood Clotting and Fibrinolysis.
Authors: Korfel K. , Bielawiec M. , Myśliwiec M.
Published: May 2019

The effect of anaesthesia with halotan and ether /100 and 80 casea respectively/ on some parameters of blood clottine and fibrinolysis was investigated. The influence of the drugs on blood clotting and fibrinolysis in vitro was also investigated. Halotan anaesthesia caused decrease In fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor V and number of platelets. Platelet adhesiveness was increased. Ether anaesthesia increased fibrinolytic activity and platelet stickiness. Halotan in vitro shortened r + k and prolonged ma in TEG. The both drugs induced reversible platelet aggregation with subsequent “refractory state” of platelets to ADP. Ether in vitro increased fibrinolytic activity. The results show that the Influence of anaesthetic drugs on blood clotting and fibrinolysis should be taken into account in the choice of the proper anaesthetic in patienta with impaired haenostasis.
Studies on the Inhibition of Glandular and Plasma Kallikreins by Derivatives of Low Molecular Weight Peptide Analogues of Bradykinin.
Authors: Fareed J. , Messmore H.L. , Janota D.L. , Orfei P. , Gallagher J. , Balis J.U.
Published: May 2019

We have previously reported on the antagonism of bradykinin’s oxytocic action by ester and amide derivatives of low molecular tripeptides (H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-H-D-Val-Leu-Arg-, and H-D-Phe-Phe-Arg-). H-D-Phe-Phe-Arg-NH-heptyl, H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-NH-heptyland H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-O-heptyl derivatives were found to be potent inhibitors of bradykinin (I.50=10-6-10-7M). since these agents mimic the tripeptide sites of kininogen, we measured their effect on the amidolytlc action of human and glandular kallikreins. Glandular kallikrein activity was assayed in pH 9.0, 0.05M Tris buffer, employing H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA (S-2302) and Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA (Chromozym PK). Preincubation of H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-NH-heptyl in a concentration range (10-410-7M) with glandular kallikrein produced a strong Inhibition of the amidolytlc activity of this enzyme. A weaker inhibition of plasma kallikrein waa noted. The inhibitory effect was concentration dependent and was partially overcome by increasing the concentration of chromogenic substrates. These findings suggest that molecular manipulation of low molecular weieht peptide derivatives may result in the design of potent inhibitors of kallikreins.
Clinical Factors in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
Authors: Nicolaides A.N. , Irving D.
Published: May 2019

Local signs and clinical factors were recorded in 160 patients (177 limbs) with clinically suspected DVT studied with venography. Thrombi were present in 96 limbs. A multivariate analysis was performed on the data: extension of signs proximal to the knee, deep calf induration at the site of tenderness, hypotension, patient’s group (medical or surgical), and obvious cause of signs other than DVT were significant. Thigh tendernessthigh oedema, calf tenderness, ankle oedema, malignancy, Homan’s sign, chest infection and cardia failure were not significant. Using the significant factors a multiple regression equation was calculated. From this equation the probability of DVT could be obtained for any patient. In 20% of patients the probability of DVT was very small (<10%) and in 16% of patients it was very high (>90%) enabling the clinician to decide about the method of further investigation.
Pard - A Prospective study on the Development of Vascular Complications in Diabetics
Authors: Krzywanek H.J. , Coutandin K. , Ziemen M. , Friedrich I. , Breddin K.
Published: May 2019

In 1977 a prospective study on Platelet Aggregation as a Risk factor in Diabetes mellitus (PARD) has been startea in the University of Frankfurt Hedical Center. The main objective of the study is to establish whether continuously enhanced platelet aggregation - measured as spontaneous ag - gregation in PAT III - is a risk factor for cardiovascular incidents and the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients . A number of biochemical data (e.g. blood lipids) are also collected and coagulation and platelet function tests are repeatedly performed, like platelet count, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor, plasminogen, F. VIII ass. antigen, Ristocetin cofactor, and beta-thromboglobulin.

Up to now 230 diabetics, 45-60 years old (mean age 53 ys.) have been re - cruited for a 5 years’ medical follow-up with controls at 3 months’ intervals. Preliminary evaluation of the data revealed that 78 out of 188 diabetic patients (= 41,5%). who were repeatedly tested. had a strongly enhanced platelet aggregation, 64 (= 34%) failed to a9gregate in PAT III. Mean values for fibrinogen, cholesterol and triglycerides were within normal limits on admission to the study in male and female diabetics.
Surface coloring by laser irradiation of solid substrates
Authors: Liu Huagang , Lin Wenxiong , Hong Minghui
Published: May 2019

Laser marking has become a versatile method for industrial product identification because of its applicability to almost all kinds of solid materials in a simple and single-step process. However, traditional laser marking generally produces contrast marks which are often monochromatic. There is increasing interest in color marking by laser processing for decoration and visual attraction. This tutorial provides a digest of the recent advancement of laser coloring technologies for surface coloration. An overview of existing methods for laser coloring is summarized, and three distinct physics mechanisms behind color formation are discussed. It is found that the coloration of diverse solid surfaces originates from laser induced oxidation, surface structuring, and micro/nanoparticles generation. How the laser processing parameters and experimental conditions affect the resulting colors is also presented. The laser coloring technique is capable of producing complete Hue palettes on metal surfaces by the precise control of laser processing parameters and will find much more extensive applications.
Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley 1922–2011
Authors: Maroske Sara
Published: May 2019

Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley disliked the word ‘seaweed’, and objected every time it was spoken in his presence. To him algae were not ‘weeds’ but beautiful organisms, well worthy of making the subject of a lifetime of scientific study. As was common in the middle of the twentieth century, Womersley did not begin his career as a phycologist, but rather found himself specialising in this life form after discovering how richly represented and little known it was along the coast of southern Australia. In his seventy-year association with the University of Adelaide, Bryan transformed the study of phycology in Australia, attracting a pool of talented students to contribute to his grand project of a marine benthic flora of southern Australia, and to carry the study of algae forward into the next generation. Being a pioneer in the field gave him opportunities for ground-breaking research and an overview of the discipline as it developed, positioning him as the leading expert on Australian algae in the international phycological community.
Impacts of climate and insect herbivory on productivity and physiology of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Alaskan boreal forests
Authors: Boyd Melissa A , Berner Logan T , Doak Patricia , Goetz Scott J , Rogers Brendan M , Wagner Diane , Walker Xanthe J , Mack Michelle C
Published: May 2019

Climate change is impacting forested ecosystems worldwide, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere where warming has increased at a faster rate than the rest of the globe. As climate warms, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) is expected to become more successful in northern boreal forests because of its current presence in drier areas of North America. However, large-scale productivity decline of aspen has recently been documented throughout the United States and Canada as a result of drought and insect outbreaks. We used tree ring measurements (basal area increment (BAI) and stable carbon isotopes (δ
13C)) and remote sensing indices of vegetation productivity (NDVI) to study the impact of climate and damage by the aspen epidermal leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) on aspen productivity and physiology in interior Alaska. We found that productivity decreased with greater leaf mining and was not sensitive to growing season (GS) moisture availability. Although productivity decreased during high leaf mining years, it recovered to pre-outbreak levels during years of low insect damage, suggesting a degree of resilience to P. populiella mining. Climate and leaf mining interacted to influence tree ring δ
13C, with greater leaf mining resulting in decreased δ
13C when GS moisture availability was low. We also found that NDVI was negatively associated with leaf mining, and positively correlated with BAI and the δ
13C decrease corresponding to mining. This suggests that NDVI is capturing not only variations in productivity, but also changes in physiology associated with P. populiella. Overall, these findings indicate that the indirect effects of P. populiella mining have a larger impact on aspen productivity and physiology than climate under current conditions, and is essential to consider when assessing growth, physiology and NDVI trends in interior Alaska.
Performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) of treated tofu wastewater: variation of contact time and activated sludge sources
Authors: Sakinah N E , Rahmatullah L T , Kuncoro E P , Oktavitri N I
Published: May 2019

One of the wastewater treatment system that is able to reduce levels of contamination are industrial wastewater using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Important in the early stages of SBR is filling phase (filling) consisting of seeding and acclimatization period. In the seeding and acclimatization period, the reactor will be filled with activated sludge and wastewater aeration process during the next study period. This research was conducted to find out sources and the best contact time of the activated sludge in lowering the concentration of COD and TSS from wastewater of tofu industry. Activated sludge which will be used is sourced from slaughter house, gutters of tofu industry, and polluted rivers. The variation of contact time which will be used is day 0; 1; 3; 5; 9 and 13. The results showed that the activated sludge are sourced from a polluted river sludge with the best percent COD reduction of 81% and TSS by 94% at day 13.
A genetic diversity on Jabon Merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb.) from three different provenances in South Sulawesi
Authors: Arif A , Larekeng S H , Restu M , Cahyaningsih Y F , Mukti J
Published: May 2019

Information on genetic diversity has a vital role in supporting quantity and quality improvement in plant breeding process of a species. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) in three provenances in South Sulawesi. The analysis revealed the genetic diversity in Luwu, Wajo, and Sidrap was low, with heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.05 up to 0.29. The number of allele was ranged between two and four alleles with 0.27 and 0.2 of PIC means. The low genetic diversity of Jabon merah in the evaluated provenances was as the result of the genetic mixture from the same parents (selfing pollination), and subsequently produced progenies with similar traits and close genetic relationship.
The characteristics of infiltration in natural forest in teaching forest of Hasanuddin University University at Maros Regency
Authors: Arsyad U , Wahyuni
Published: May 2019

This study aims to know the amount of infiltration and its characteristics of natural forest in the teaching forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas) at Bengo-Bengo in Maros Regency. The results of this study are expected to find some information about the characteristics of infiltration on natural forest. It can be used to review and to guide the recovery recommendation for optimizing the land and the water supply and to improve the public welfare by giving them some values about the maintenance of water supply resistance. The data were collected from 12 plots which categorized based on the cover crop and the slope. The infiltration data was taken by measured the infiltration rate for 9 times. The collected data consisted of the characteristic of infiltration in each plot and the physical properties of soil analysis. The result shows that the characteristic of infiltration was varied while the infiltration rate was categorized in very quick infiltration. The natural forest cover on the UNHAS teaching forest according to the results obtained, it can be classified as good and should be maintained.
Melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene polymorphisms in the local goat population in South Sulawesi region of Indonesia
Authors: Dagong M I A , A Bugiwati R R S R , Purnomo N
Published: May 2019

Some important genes are involved in controlling the reproductive trait of goats, one of which is the Melatonin Receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene. The MTNR1A gene is known with seasonal reproductive activity and related to lambing frequency in the goat. The purpose of this research was to determine the genetic polymorphisms of the MTNR1A gene in Kacang, and Peranakan Ottawa (PE) goat population reared traditionally in South Sulawesi region of Indonesia. In total 253 heads of goat consist of 137 heads of Kacang and 116 Peranakan Ottawa from South, Sulawesi region was used as research samples for blood collection. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, which was then continued for DNA extracted by using a DNA extraction kit. The MTNR1A genotype was identified by PCR-RFLP technique using restriction enzyme RsaI. The result showed that there was genetic diversity in the MTNR1A gene in Kacang and PE population with the obtained of two alleles R and r. The common allele was R with frequency 0.93 in Kacang population while in PE population was 0.89. The r allele was 0.06 and 0.10 in Kacang and PE population, respectively. The most common genotype found in the population was RR (0.95), while Rr was only 0.05 and rr genotype did not found in this population. Observed heterozygosity value was 0.05. According to the Hardy-Weinberg test, this population was in equilibrium for MTNR1A gene. In conclusion, this finding indicated that there was genetic diversity exists in local goat population, and future research needed to find any association with this genetic variation with reproductive performance, the data obtained from this study could be used for the strategic program in goat breeding to increase reproductive performance of local goat especially fertility traits.
Infrastructure Role of Harvesting System In Community Forest
Authors: Dalya N , Mujetahid A
Published: May 2019

The community forest is one of the important assets of state revenue sources, seen as quite strategic in supporting wheels of development. Information about the obstacles and availability of regional infrastructure system used by a community in forest harvesting is not yet widely known, especially in Batu Putih, Maros. This study aims to identify the role of infrastructure in forest harvesting system. Data collection is done through direct observation and structured interviews. Primary data collected include specifications of available road infrastructure and those used by farmers in forest harvesting, available market infrastructure and utilized by farmers in marketing forest products, equipment infrastructure available and used by farmers in transporting forest harvesting, processing equipment infrastructure available forest products and used by farmers in processing forest products. While secondary data is obtained through a review of documentation of various sources, such as literature research, reports from relevant agencies or those related to research objectives. The results showed that the infrastructure used in community forests harvesting, including skid trails as skidding routes using both horses and human labor, village roads as lanes for transporting wood from the village roadside which can be reached by cars (Tpn) to the front of people’s homes, and Provincial road as a transportation route from village roadside that can be reached by car (Tpn) to the village sawmill industry or to Makassar City. The most urgent infrastructure in community forest is a road because it can serve the mobility of population and forest commodities services from one place to another and can bridge the functional linkages between socio-economic activities of the village and the surrounding area.
Adaptive Agroforestry Model To Improve Livelihood And To Support The Management Of Minraleng Watershed In Maros Regency
Authors: Dassir M , Sadapotto A , Arsyad U , Wahyuni  , Gautama I
Published: May 2019

Many watershed area in Indonesia and South Sulawesi experience erosion, flood and landslide in rainyseason and in dry season experience drought, like in Minraleng Watershed. This condition have impacted to food insecurity of the community that reside in watershed area. This study aim to formulate adaptive agroforestry model to increase farmer livelihood in supporting watershed management. Population study i.e. all of the farmer household in Minraleng Hulu Watershed. Study sampling was done by purposive sampling in 4 sampling village (Limampoccoe, Cenrana Baru, Timpuseng and Batu Putih). Data collection was done by in-depth interview and observation. Data was analyzed by qualitative descriptive and spatial analysis. Result of the study indicated that combination pattern of landscape agroforestry model need to be developed in dry land and the big property land in Cenrana Baru, Limampoccoe and Batu Putih. That agroforestry model known by Taungya by developing adaptive plant to drought and give livelihood diversification and adaptive to the short rainy season, secure from pest i.e. swine, monkey, and cow. In Timpuseng village, agroforestry pattern need to be was permanent intensive agroforestry which is known by Talun where farmer need to develop three to fourth strata of plant to resolve limited land by planting gamal tress and candlenut in the top of the strata, while planting coffee and pepper in second strata, and chili and elephant grass in third strata. Intensive permanent agroforestry with low labour input to resolve limited farmer labour which dominant in rice field
Identification and Analysis of Relationship Several Local Promising Clones Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) based on morphological Characters in South Sulawesi
Authors: Lembang R P , Mustari K , Asrul L
Published: May 2019

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the agricultural products that have an important role in achieving reliable and agricultural development programs. This study aimed to identify morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship of seven local cocoa clones expectations developed in Luwu Timur, Pinrang, and Bantaeng. Seven clones of cocoa were observed Clones: (1) PBC 123, (2) BR 25 (3) 45 (4) M 01, (5) M 04, (6) M 06, and (7) GTB. This study used the survey method. Observation of morphological characters is presented in the form of descriptions, images, and scoring then analyzed using a 2:02 version NYSys program (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis systems) and clustering using the UPGMA method (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with arithmetic averaging). The results showed similarity coefficient ranged from 0.17 to 0.68. The highest similarity coefficient is owned by a combination of BR clone 25 and clone 45 which is 0.68 (68%) or the nearest genetic distance of 0.32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04, namely 0.17 (17 %) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04). 32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04 that is 0.17 (17%) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04). 32 (32%), while the lowest is owned by a combination of PBC Clone 123 and Clone AD 04 that is 0.17 (17%) or farthest genetic distance of 0.83 (83%). While the average index of similarity of all clones was 0.41 (41%) is relatively low. Kinship patterns on dendogram form two main groups on the genetic similarity of 0.46 is the group A consisting of five clones (PBC 123, BR 25, 45, M 06, and GTB), and group B consists of two clones (M 01 and M 04).
Local knowledge of Kajang’s Indigenous community in Utilizing Forest Plants for treatment
Authors: Mahbub A S , Makkarennu  , Usbar N
Published: May 2019

The use of medicinal plants is one of the skills, and it’s local wisdom that is still practiced by Kajang’s Indigenous community. This study aims to identify and inventory local knowledge of Kajang’s Indigenous community in Utilizing Forest Plants for treatment. Data retrieval method is carried out by field observations and interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive methods to describe systematically the use of forest plants used for treatment. The results of this study indicate that the Kajang’s indigenous community have used forest plants for treatment from generation to generation, there are 43 types of plants that are often and routinely used by communities around the Kajang’s forest area. These types of plants are generally herbaceous, shrubs, trees, some small lianas, and ferns. The utilize is still traditional so that the processing of herbs is very simple, that is by cooking or using it directly. Also, cultivation technology has not been widely developed because of the ease of obtaining raw materials from customary forest areas.
Local Knowledge of Beekeeping Activity in Bonto Karaeng Village, Sinoa Subdistrict, Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Mahbub A S , Makkarennu  , Wijayanti A R Y
Published: May 2019

Local knowledge is an essential knowledge which comes from daily experience which is developed hereditarily and is believed by society. This research aims to identify the local expertise of beekeeping activity which is applied by society in Bonto Karaeng Village. This research was conducted in May until December 2016 at Bonto Karaeng Village, Sinoa Subdistrict, Bantaeng Regency. The population of this research is the society around the village forest. The sample drawing uses snowball sampling. Data were analyzed by using a qualitative method by analyzing the data of interview and field observation that bring local knowledge to society in bee organize activity. The result showed that the local knowledge applied by society in beekeeping activity at Bonto Karaeng Village that is the knowledge of beekeeping management, the harvesting and post-harvest, the health benefit of beekeeping, and local reliance.
Marketing Strategic and Competitive Positioning of Palm Sugar Business development
Authors: Makkarennu  , Rizaldy A A , Mahbub A S
Published: May 2019

The palm sugar business is one of the promising businesses because the product demand is high. However, the majority of this business is still traditional managed caused by lack of knowledge and skills and lack of government attention to improving this business area. This study aimed to analyze the marketing strategic and competitive positioning of the palm sugar business at the community around the Forest Education of Hasanuddin University Makassar. The research framework is adapted from Osterwalder’s business model framework (Business Model Canvas) with the nine elements (customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationship, revenue streams, key resource, key activities, key partnerships, dan cost structure). In-depth interviews method was select to identify the business model in the nine elements. To ensure business development strategy, Internal Factor Analysis Summary-IFAS and External Factor Analysis Summary-EFAS were calculated. The analysis of the Business Model Canvas and IFAS-EFAS indicates that maintaining good relationship with the customer is a key to success. However, it is important to propose a unique value proportion according to the actual needs of consumers.
The adaptability of the commercial seeds of silkworm (Bombyx Mori L) on different altitude preservation
Authors: Nuraeni S , Baharuddin
Published: May 2019

The selection of silkworm seeds is critical when we are going to start a sericulture business that must be by the environmental conditions, especially the climate. This research aims to look at the response of silkworm seeds which are preserved on two different altitudes from the seed sources in South Sulawesi and Central Java. The seeds preservation, started from hatching eggs to become cocoons, is done at an altitude of 120 meters above sea level (Soppeng Regency) and 700 meters above sea level (Enrekang Regency). Preservation procedures are carried out by the standard operating procedures for maintaining silkworms. The preservation procedure is carried out based on the standard operating procedure for preserving silkworms. The results show that the duration of local C301 PPS seeds is 1.5 - 2 days longer than CRT and C301 CRT BS09 at two different altitude locations. Adaptation of the three seeds based on the hatchability of eggs and the durability of larvae meet the standard commercial seed at different altitude preservation results. The C301 PPS seeds have better solid quality than the other two seeds at two different altitude locations. The cocoons characteristics (shape, color, and texture) and larvae (larvae color and pattern) and relatively the same at two different altitude locations.
The Practice of Local Wisdom of Kajang People to Save Forests and Biodiversity: A Cultural-Based Analysis
Authors: Rahman F , Akhmar A M , Amir M , Tammasse
Published: May 2019

This article review focuses on Kajang Ethnic, a local wisdom-based strategy, to study the practice of local wisdom to save the forest and its biodiversity. The perspective of the study is to discuss the object in a cultural-based analysis. All about the discussion is to see how to Kajang people to maintain their socio-environment that is Forest. For Kajang People, the forest is like a ‘mother’ must be respected and protected. The objectives of discussion are: 1) to explain the relationship between world view and the nature of community commitment to social norms, 2) to find out the Kajang people strategy to treat forests, and 3) to reveal the fundamental reasons for Kajang people in protecting their forest. The approach used in this study is a cultural-based study that relies on two sources, namely mythical and library sources (an anthropolinguistics studies). The results of the discussion show that Kajang people are very obedient to their social norms, and that one is part of the social norm is the problem of forest protection. The rules of forest management are contained in the Install Ri Kajang. The implication of this study is the growth of new awareness for readers to adopt relevant aspects that can be applied in their own environment, and readers’ understanding of the Ethnic Kajang’s perspective on forest management.
Notes from the conference: Diverse empirical from the first Biennial Conference of Tropical Biodiversity
Authors: Sahide M A K , Larekeng S H , Arif A
Published: May 2019

This is a brief report that capturing from the first Biennieal Conference of Tropical Biodiversity that took place from September 20 to 21, 2018 at the the Rinra Hotel in Makassar, Indonesia. The conference also was attended by biodiversity practitioners such as the governor, forest estate agency, non-government organization, and state conservation units in Sulawesi region. The involvement of practitioners aim to bring together researchers, scientists, practitioners and scholars in the argument of biodiversity through diverse-interdisciplinary approaches. Key note speakers provide fresh contextual biodiversity challenges in international debate and its contextual in Indonesia, especially in Sulawesi Region
Characteristics of Cement Board with CO2Injection Method added CaCl2as Additive Using Two Wood Species from Community Forests
Authors: Taskirawati I , Sanusi D , Baharuddin B , Agussalim A , Suhasman S
Published: May 2019

Wood from community forests has been calculated as one of the raw materials in the manufacture of cement boards. On the other hand, efforts to improve the compatibility of raw materials continue to be carried out, one of which is through the addition of additives. This additive can improve the characteristics of the cement board. The use of CO2injection method has been able to accelerate the curing process by about one hour compared to conventional methods. This research was conducted to compare the characteristics of conventional cement board and CO2injection methods using, each of which added CaCl2. The wood species used wereAcacia mangium(Acacia) andArthophyllumdiversifolium(Lento-lento). The type of cement used was Portland Cement Composite (PCC). The characteristics of the cement board were tested according to JIS A 5417-1992. The results showed that the Acacia cement board using conventional methods had better board characteristics than the CO2injection method. On the other hand, the Lento-lento cement board with CO2injection method produces better board characteristics.
Social Inequalities in Harmful Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Swedish Adolescents
Authors: Thor Siri , Karlsson Patrik , Landberg Jonas
Published: May 2019

Aims

The study aims to examine how socio-economic status (SES) among youth is related to binge-drinking and alcohol-related problems using three SES indicators: (i) SES of origin (parental education level), (ii) SES of the school environment (average parental education level at student’s school) and (iii) SES of destination (academic orientation).

Methods

Cross-sectional data on upper secondary students (n= 4448) in Sweden. Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regression were used to estimate the relationship between each SES indicator and binge-drinking and alcohol-related problems, respectively.

Results

Only SES of destination was significantly associated with binge-drinking, with higher odds for students in vocational programmes (OR= 1.42, 95% CI= 1.13–1.80). For the second outcome, SES of destination (rr=1.25; 95%CI=1.08–1.45) and SES of the school environment (rr=1.19, 95% CI=1.02–1.39) indicated more alcohol-related problems in vocational programmes and in schools with lower-educated parents. After adjustment for drinking patterns, the relationship remained for SES of the school environment, but became non-significant for SES of destination.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the SES gradient among youth is stronger for alcohol-related problems than for harmful drinking. By only focusing on SES differences in harmful alcohol use, researchers may underestimate the social inequalities in adverse alcohol-related outcomes among young people. Our findings also support the notion that the environment young people find themselves in matters for social inequalities in alcohol-related harm.
Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Naglich Andrew C , Bozeman Sara , Brown E Sherwood , Adinoff Bryon
Published: May 2019

Aims

The objective of this study is to address equivocation in estimates of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor initiation (SSRI) effect on all-cause and alcohol-related ER visits, and medical or psychiatric admissions within 2 years of initial Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in patients with PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Methods

This study is a quasi-experimental, new-user-design cohort study of 3235 patients seen at the VA North Texas Healthcare System between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2016. High dimensional propensity score (HDPS) techniques were used to estimate likelihood of SSRI initiation within 30 days of first PTSD diagnosis. Propensity scores were used to calculate weights for likelihood of SSRI initiation which were used to control for baseline covariates in estimations of SSRI medication effect on odds of each outcome occurring.

Results

Compared to those who did not receive SSRIs, patients prescribed an SSRI within 30 days showed significantly lower odds of alcohol-related ER visits (OR=0.668, 95%CI = 0.476 to 0.938, P = 0.02) and alcohol-related medical admissions (OR=0.583, 95%CI = 0.399 to 0.851, P = 0.005).

Limitations

Inconsistent assessment of PTSD severity necessitated the use of HDPS models to control for baseline confounding. Our study design mimicked intent-to-treat trial design and therefore could not control for SSRI initiations after the 30-day grace period following initial PTSD diagnosis.

Conclusions

SSRI initiation in patients with AUD and PTSD is associated with significantly reduced odds of alcohol-related medical hospitalization and alcohol-related ER visits within 2 years of first PTSD diagnosis. Additional studies are needed to verify these results.
Fully-sensitive seed finding in sequence graphs using a hybrid index
Authors: Ghaffaari Ali , Marschall Tobias
Published: May 2019

Motivation

Sequence graphs are versatile data structures that are, for instance, able to represent the genetic variation found in a population and to facilitate genome assembly. Read mapping to sequence graphs constitutes an important step for many applications and is usually done by first finding exact seed matches, which are then extended by alignment. Existing methods for finding seed hits prune the graph in complex regions, leading to a loss of information especially in highly polymorphic regions of the genome. While such complex graph structures can indeed lead to a combinatorial explosion of possible alleles, the query set of reads from a diploid individual realizes only two alleles per locus—a property that is not exploited by extant methods.

Results

We present the Pan-genome Seed Index (PSI), a fully-sensitive hybrid method for seed finding, which takes full advantage of this property by combining an index over selected paths in the graph with an index over the query reads. This enables PSI to find all seeds while eliminating the need to prune the graph. We demonstrate its performance with different parameter settings on both simulated data and on a whole human genome graph constructed from variants in the 1000 Genome Project dataset. On this graph, PSI outperforms GCSA2 in terms of index size, query time and sensitivity.

Availability and implementation

The C++ implementation is publicly available at: https://github.com/cartoonist/psi.