bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicoradiological Correlation of Serum Procalcitonin Values in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease
Authors: Bele Abhijeet , Acharya Jigmisha , Singhal Manoj , Panchariya Piyush Kumar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) as a result of prolapsed intervertebral disc is one of the common causes of the morbidity and disability in current population. We assessed any association of inflammatory marker serum procalcitonin in degenerative disc disease.
Materials & Methods: A prospective analytical study carried out at our tertiary care institute over one year from Dec 2021 to Dec 2022 after clearance from institute ethical committee. Total of 68 patients aged 18 to 65 years with low back pain with lumbar disc herniation on MRI imaging were included in the study. Serum procalcitonin levels were assessed using electrochemiluminescence technique on e411 Elecsys 2010.
Results: The median values of serum procalcitonin were higher in early phase of disease tends to stabilising with chronicity of symptoms. There was a positive correlation between mean VAS scores and procalcitonin levels, those patients with higher procalcitonin values clinically had positive straight leg raising test and in the long run required more operative interventions.
Conclusions: Lumbar degenerative disc disease has a strong inflammatory basis and serum values of procalcitonin can be useful objective marker to predict extent of inflammation with prediction of possible clinical course of disease.
“Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Series of 5 Patients”
Authors: Dave Kinjal , Shrotriya Ekta , Gupta Sapna , Malhotra Supriya
Published: March 2024

Stroke stands as a global health menace, causing substantial disability and mortality. Timely intervention, specifically within the critical "Golden Hour" following acute ischemic stroke, is imperative. Thrombolytic agents like tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) are pivotal for clot dissolution and blood flow restoration, yet their use introduces the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HTF).In a recent case series involving five patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke, we illuminate the occurrence of post-treatment HTF, its clinical ramifications, and the intricate challenges in its management. Early intervention in acute ischemic stroke aims to safeguard at-risk brain tissue, with thrombolytic therapy, notably tPA, serving as a primary treatment avenue. However, the associated risk of HTF hovers around 30%–35%, influenced by factors like age, comorbidities, and infarct size. The vulnerable ischemic penumbra, marked by a compromised blood-brain barrier and free radical generation, is particularly susceptible. Treatment decisions, guided by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), pivot on stroke severity assessment, emphasizing the need for vigilant post-treatment monitoring. In conclusion, navigating the delicate balance between the benefits of early thrombolysis and the risks of HTF remains a persistent challenge in optimizing outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Adolescent Girls on HIV/AIDs and Family Planning
Authors: Dahal Ram Chandra
Published: March 2024

Nepali adolescent girls face distinct challenges in HIV/AIDS and family planning, necessitating a nuanced understanding. Global concerns for adolescent reproductive health and rights, emphasized in international conferences, apply to Nepal’s struggle with HIV/ AIDS, particularly among young people. In this context, this studyaims to investigate knowledge and perceptions of adolescent girls on HIV/AIDS in Nepali context. Moreover, this study concerns on exploring cultural norms and social determinants that affect family planning among adolescents in Nepal. The researcher has employed survey research design of quantitative research by taking data from 111 late adolescent girls (15-19 years) through questionnaires in Sindhuli. Findings reveal age-related influences on reproductive health knowledge and perceptions. While family planning awareness is widespread, specific method knowledge disparities exist. Despite challenges, most exhibit positive perceptions and behaviours towards people living with HIV/AIDS. This research contributes evidence-based interventions, emphasizing the need for context-specific strategies to address the reproductive health needs of adolescent girls in Nepal.
Study of changes in the surface structure of tungsten irradiated by helium plasma
Authors: Sulyubayeva L.G. , Rakhadilov B.K. , Naimankumaruly Y. , Bayandinova M.B. , Muktanova N. , Berdimuratov N.E.
Published: March 2024

One of the important aspects is the interaction of plasma with the surface of a material, especially in the conditions of a fusion facility. The current work presents the preliminary results of the study of tungsten surface structure modification under helium plasma irradiation. A small-sized linear simulator KAZ-PSI with a plasma-beam setup was designed and assembled, where helium was used as a working gas. The main elements of the linear plasma simulator are an electron beam gun with a LaB6 cathode, a plasma-beam discharge chamber, an interaction chamber, a target device, and an electromagnetic system consisting of electromagnetic coils. It was revealed that under irradiation on the surface of the samples there is a relief with defective structure consisting of chaotically arranged ledges and pits of various shapes with average size (100‒600) nm and pore sizes (0.1‒1.5) μm with visible areas of flaking and sputtering. It was found that when the negative potential on the target is varied by –500V/–1000V/–1500V, the formation of dislocation with chaotic and cellular structure of tungsten with an average grain size of (1‒25) μm is observed; it was revealed that the total values of elastic and plastic components of deformation across the tungsten grain differ from each other by about 2.5 times.
Implementation of Managerial Supervision of Madrasah Heads
Authors: Zamrodatin Mamik , Darim Abu , Ardianto Ardianto , Rofiq Muhammad Husnur
Published: March 2024

This study used a qualitative approach to the type of case study. To determine the data source, purposive sampling was used with the consideration that the selected subjects and informants were people who were able to provide as much information as possible regarding the research focus. Furthermore, to select and determine the informants in this study, the snowball sampling technique was used. While collecting data in this study using three techniques, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of research while in the field are as follows Kamad RA Darussalam Bojonegoro has a very convincing ability in preparing madrasa planning for various levels of planning. 1) Kamad RA Darussalam Bojonegoro can be quite convincing in leading madrasas in the context of optimally utilizing madrasah resources. 2) Kamad RA Darussalam Bojonegoro is capable of being very convincing in creating a conducive and innovative school culture and climate for student learning.
Implementasi Program Student Led Conference (SLC) Dalam Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Siswa Guru dan Orang Tua
Authors: Agustyarini Yhasinta , Ria Kusrini Nurul Azizah , Ningrum Rachmania Widya
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the effects of student-led conferences (SLC) on parents, instructors, and students at MI Progressive Al Musthofa Bangsal Mojokerto. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study type of research was applied; this study involved observation, interviews, and document collection from 15 students, two teachers, and three parents of students in Class II Marwah. The Miles, Huberman & Saldana model was used in data analysis consisting of condensing, presenting, and making conclusions. The study's findings demonstrated that SLC gives parents, instructors, and students a chance to assess each other's development and identifies areas where kids need improvement. SLC helps teachers to understand students' individual development and gives parents a deeper understanding of their children's strengths, challenges, and dreams. With SLC, students can direct their learning by selecting engaging subjects to cover. In addition to encouraging individual study and subject exploration that aligns with students' interests, SLC can foster open communication between all parties and raise the shared accountability for kids' academic performance. Teachers and parents will be able to understand their pupils' learning experiences better, enabling them to offer more specialized help. By putting SLC into practice, educators may help students take charge of their education, foster a collaborative learning environment, and promote lifelong learning and academic advancement.
Effect of Radiation Position of Photon Beam at Axis Point and Field Edge on Absorbed Dose on Linear Accelerator (Linac)
Authors: Alya Nur , Stevenly Robert Janssen , Wardani Pratiwi Sri , Putri Erlinda Ratnasari
Published: March 2024

Radiotherapy is a medical treatment that uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells using a Linear Accelerator (Linac). One of the errors in radiotherapy irradiation can occur because the radiation beam that comes out is not in accordance with the planning. Therefore, radiation absorbed dose measurement is needed to carry out as a quality assurance to control the accuracy and suitability of the dose to be received by the patient by following the standards of the Technical Report Series (TRS) 398. This study was conducted at Radiotherapy Installation of RSUD A.W. Sjahranie Samarinda. In the measurement of radiation absorbed dose, the detector was placed in the center of the water phantom with a certain depth and placed in an axis position perpendicular to the radiation source. The detector is not only placed in the axis position, but also placed on the 4 edges of the field with the aim of knowing the effect of the location of the detector on the absorbed dose on the Linac plane. Medium water phantom, Farmer type ionization detector with a depth of 10 cm, and radiation source distance to the phantom surface of 100 cm were applied in this study. The measurement deviation results at the axis position and 4 field edges are 0.01%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.05%. These values are within the tolerance limits written in the IAEA TRS 398 protocol, which is ± 2%. This states that the radiation absorbed dose by the water phantom is homogeneous in all directions.
An Article on Curcumin Loaded Transferosomes as A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Krishna Sailaja Abbaraju
Published: March 2024

Curcumin is a natural compound found in turmeric and has shown potential in treating a variety of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, curcumin has low bioavailability and poor solubility in water, which limits its therapeutic efficacy. Transferosomes are specialized lipid vesicles that can encapsulate drugs and other bioactive molecules, allowing them to be delivered to specific target tissues. Curcumin, a natural compound found in turmeric, has been the subject of intense study due to its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Transferosomes are lipid-based nanoparticles that can encapsulate hydrophobic compounds like curcumin and improve their delivery to target tissues. They can also enhance the absorption of drugs through the skin or mucous membranes. Several studies have investigated the potential of curcumin loaded transferosomes in various applications, such as wound healing, cancer treatment, and anti-inflammatory therapy. These studies have shown promising results, indicating that transferosomes could be an effective drug delivery system for curcumin. However, more research is needed to optimize the formulation and improve the stability and shelf-life curcumin-loaded transferosomes. Additionally, the safety and toxicity of these nanoparticles need to be thoroughly evaluated before they can be used in clinical application. In our study we have observed drug content 4.47mg/ml and EE% was found to be 94.8%, the percentage of drug release of curcumin transferosomes was observed as 30.8%at time period of 4hr.
MODERN ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS AND CURRENT TASKS OF ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suhanov V. , Tyurikova O. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the identification of the features of the modern architectural process and the establishment of actual tasks of architectural activity. Today's society, science, and practice are experiencing phenomena that radically change the approaches and paradigms of the architectural process. The paper highlights the contradictions in the theory and practice of architecture that need to be resolved; considers aspects of the modern ideology of architecture; develops certain provisions of the theory of the environmental approach, namely, the features of "understanding" design, the communicative component of architectural activity; emphasizes the interaction of various actors in the process of architectural activity, the dialogue of the architect with stakeholders. The author emphasizes the decisive role of the architect as an organizer and coordinator of the design process, the interpretation of the architectural process as a component of the overall socio-cultural process. The biggest shifts are taking place in the field of the environmental approach to architectural activity. Environmental issues, which bring people and their lifestyles to the forefront, give impetus to the development of architectural management and marketing. These changes in priorities have led to a problematic situation in the theory of architecture and opened up a new space of work: the identification and recording of environmental experiences and images, the production of these experiences and the management of this process. The environmental approach outlines the future trajectories of architectural work, the essence of which is the inclusion of the designer in the life of the population, the materialization of their own version of life processes, the identification of a set of specialized activities that support the ideology of social progress and cultural development. Scientific research and architectural practice should be based on the achievements of the philosophy of architecture, understanding of new value orientations, taking into account the differences and pace of social change, etc. There is a need to recognize the importance of such a factor as the subject of the architectural process. Changing the basic guidelines of the consumer of an architectural object requires ensuring at the design stage the possibility of transforming an architectural object in the process of its further operation, predicting the emergence of new functions and the formation of their new material shell. The article outlines the contours of scientific innovations in the field of architecture - the theory of architectural activity in the conditions of intersubjective interaction; suggests forms of correct introduction of the concept of "design subject", which is active in the architectural environment, into design practice and theory of architectural activity.
MODELING OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE AND STRENGTH OF DAMAGED CONCRETE BEAMS REINFORCED WITH CARBON FIBER FABRIC IN PC "LIRA-SAPR"
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Klymenko Ye.V. , Hlibotskyi R.V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: March 2024

The study examines the problem of preserving and improving the architectural heritage in Ukraine. Many buildings and structures have a long service life or are already deteriorating due to their age and other factors. This is particularly true for reinforced concrete structures, which often have various defects and damage. Unfortunately, there are no clear methods for assessing the residual load-bearing capacity of such structures. However, the research indicates that the residual potential of damaged elements may be significantly underestimated. Therefore, it is crucial to explore and apply effective innovative solutions for strengthening these constructions. One such solution involves using composite materials (fiber-reinforced polymers, FRP) for external reinforcement of structures. Composite materials offer numerous advantages, including high strength, low weight, resistance to aggressive environments, and durability. The article presents the results of a numerical experiment aimed at investigating the influence of damage and reinforcement with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) on the stress-strain state and residual load-bearing capacity of concrete beams with basalt-plastic reinforcement (BFRP). For the experiment, 15 rectangular beams with dimensions of 2000×200×100 mm were prepared and nonlinearly analyzed using the "LIRA-SAPR" software, which employs the finite element method. The data obtained for each beam were compared with the results of laboratory tests, revealing that CFRP reinforcement increases the residual load-bearing capacity of the beams without significantly affecting their working deformation. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted on the residual load-bearing capacity and stress-strain state of the beam components: CFRP fabric, concrete, and reinforcement. The authors assert that modeling the complex stress-strain state of experimental basalt-concrete beams using nonlinear finite element calculations through the "LIRA-SAPR" software accurately reproduces experimental results, provides insight into the most likely failure mode, and reliably predicts their load-bearing capacity.
Analysis of Properties of Polymer Composites with Various Types of Fillers
Authors: Yerofeyev V. T. , Afonin V. V. , Zotkina M. M. , Stenechkin K. S. , Tyuryakhina T. P. , Lazarev A. V.
Published: March 2024

The processes of structure formation of composite building materials (KSM) on different polymer binders are presented. It is shown that one of the most significant components of KSM are fillers, which help to improve their structural and operational characteristics. This work is devoted to the analysis of the results of an experimental study of the properties of epoxy composites with fillers having various elastic-plastic and strength properties. The research was carried out in three stages: at the first stage, studies were conducted aimed at assessing the influence of the nature of the filler on the curing processes of KSM; at the second, the influence of the type of filler and its quantitative content on the strength of composites was established, at the third, compositions were optimized using fillers with different indicators of grain composition and elastic-plastic properties. Powders of glass, dolomite, thermolite, and diatomite were considered as fillers at the first and second stages of the research, and powders of glass, ceramics, and chalk were considered at the second stage. The research at the third stage was carried out using mathematical methods of experiment planning with the construction of a planning matrix for a complete factor experiment and the determination of the values of the response functions relative to the encoded factors. The physico-mechanical properties, degree of curing, and chemical resistance of filled epoxy CCM have been established. On the basis of artificial neural networks, the maximum properties of the studied composites with fillers were determined. An assessment of structural properties based on rank correlation is also proposed. The results of the research can be used to predict the properties of KSM, as well as to clarify the extreme parameters of the properties. The dependences of changes in the properties of polymer composites on the surface characteristics, the dispersion of fillers and the degree of filling were established; preferred fillers for epoxy composites were determined; fillers were determined to assess the effect of elastic surface properties of composites, allowing to improve the strength and deformability of polymer composites; regression models were obtained based on a complete factorial experiment; an assessment of the «structural stability» of the studied composites using Pearson, Kendall, Spearman rank correlation; On the basis of artificial neural networks, the extreme properties of the studied composites with fillers were determined, neural networks.
The Effect of Additives Regulating the Setting Time on the Resistance of Chloromagnesial Composites to Cracking During Prolonged Water Saturation
Authors: Averina G. F. , Koshelev V. A. , Kramar L. Ya.
Published: March 2024

The resistance of chloromagnesial composites to prolonged water saturation is determined by the softening coefficient and the tendency to cracking. Technological methods for preventing the cracking of a magnesia binder stone in contact with water have a number of disadvantages, in particular, related to their difficult reproducibility in production conditions. This study is devoted to the search for additives that make it possible to regulate the processes of structure formation of chloro-magnesial composites in order to form predominantly stable phases evenly distributed in volume during prolonged saturation with water. In the course of the work, standard methods were used to study the properties of dough and astringent stone, as well as microcalorimetry. As a result, it was found that the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate significantly slows down the setting time of the chloromagnesial composition, but eliminates the tendency of the artificial stone obtained from it to crack during prolonged water saturation.
Construction with Slate – Quick Solution to the Country’s Housing Problems
Authors: Nejman S. M. , Punenkov S. E.
Published: March 2024

General information about the state of the chrysotile cement industry in Russia and in the world since the beginning of the XX century and changes in recent decades is presented. The most intensive development of the industry is noted in Russia and the countries of the former USSR due to the largest reserves of chrysotile asbestos in these territories. The physical and technical properties of chrysotile cement products, due to which they have many advantages both in terms of operational reliability and economic attractiveness, are given. The high potential of chrysotile-cement materials in construction is justified. It is shown that the frame technology of SOVBI can provide a significant increase in demand for flat chrysotile cement sheets.
Changing the Technological Properties and Strength Characteristics of Highly Mobile Concrete by Introducing a Complex Modifier
Authors: Ilina L. V. , Berdov G. I. , Vishnyakov N. S. , Tsekar D. A.
Published: March 2024

The article considers the effect of a complex modifier consisting of a superplasticizer and cement crystallohydrates on the properties of cement dough, a highly mobile concrete mixture and heavy concrete obtained by hardening the mixture under normal conditions over a different period of time. As an additive of the superplasticizer, Relamix-PK was studied, administered in an amount of 0.6–0.8 wt. % of cement consumption. The authors investigated finely dispersed hydrated cement as additional crystallization centers. With the introduction of this complex modifier, the delamination of a highly mobile concrete mixture decreases (water separation – by 2 times, water separation – by 3.8 times). There is a significant acceleration of hardening in the initial periods of concrete hardening. Thus, in relation to the additive–free composition, the strength of concrete, which hardened for 1 day under normal conditions, increased 3.5 times, 3 days – 2.5 times, 28 days – 2 times. At the same time, it should be noted that when cement crystallohydrates are added, the hardening process is accelerated more in the initial terms of strength gain. The greatest strengthening effect was obtained by adding a complex modifier consisting of 0.8% plasticizer and 2% hydrated cement.
Comparative Analysis of Asphalt Forming Processes Based on Finely Dispersed Expanded Clay Powders
Authors: Kazaryan S. O. , Borisenko Yu. G. , Yagubov M. G. , Shuhaib K. F.A.
Published: March 2024

The features of the structure formation of an asphalt binder modified with a highly dispersed expanded clay powder are investigated. The viscosity of the modified asphalt binder and the formation of an adsorption layer of bitumen on the surface of the particles of the mineral component at various degrees of filling in the temperature range of 100–180oC have been studied. The effect of the impact of expanded clay powder on the adsorption activity of bitumen, the adhesive strength of bitumen with a mineral filler and on the adhesion of an asphalt binder with a mineral filler is analyzed. It was revealed that the interaction of bitumen with highly dispersed expanded clay powder significantly increases the viscosity of the asphalt binder and increases the thickness of the bitumen film on the surface of mineral particles at all process temperatures compared with standard limestone mineral powder, which is determined by the processes of selective diffusion of low-molecular hydrocarbons into the particles of expanded clay powder occurring when combined with the binder. Modification of the asphalt binder with expanded clay powder significantly increases its adsorption activity and adhesion of bitumen to mineral aggregate and adhesive strength at the interface of the «filler–bitumen» phases. This is due not only to physical interaction, but also to the presence of an increased number of active surface adsorption centers of Lewis and Brensted on the surface of expanded clay particles, which indicates the formation of chemical bonds.
Application of Blast Furnace Granulated Slag for Self-Healing Bio-Concretes
Authors: Chernykh T. N. , Gorbachevskikh K. A. , Komelkova M. V. , Platkovskiy P. O. , Kriushin M. V. , Orlov A. A.
Published: March 2024

The properties of fine-grained concrete containing 20–80% granulated blast furnace slag and bacteria species Bacillus Subtilis have been studied. An assessment was made of changes in strength, self-healing of cracks using optical and electron microscopy and measuring the speed of ultrasound propagation perpendicular to the crack plane; composition and characteristics of the healing agent in cracks using X-ray analysis methods. Self-healing of cracks in concrete without bacteria occurred due to calcite deposition as a result of carbonation of portlandite during 50–65 cycles of humidification-drying, and in the presence of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria due to calcite deposition during their vital activity in 10–15 cycles. It is shown that the addition of granulated blast furnace slag slows down the crystallization of calcite, which forms a healing substance in the crack. It is assumed that the combined use of granulated blast furnace slag in dosages of 40–80% and Bacillus Subtilis bacteria in concrete structures operating under conditions of variable humidification can ensure the process of self-healing cracks and maintaining the strength of concrete in the long term due to simultaneous processes of strengthening the structure due to prolonged hydration of slag minerals and calcite deposition in cracks due to the vital activity of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria.
Granite Crushing Screenings as a Component Factor in the Concrete Structure Formation. Part II: Experimental Studies of Structure-forming Potential
Authors: Makeev A. I.
Published: March 2024

The paper considers the results of experimental studies of the individual and joint influence of macro-, meso- and micro-nanofractions of granite crushing screenings on the processes of structure formation and properties of cement concrete. It has been established that in the processes of formation of the structure of fine-grained concrete and the potential for resistance to its destruction, all fractions of stone crushing screenings perform their specific functions as a component factor. Macro-sized (crushed stone) grains of screening of the 5–10 mm fraction form a macro-scale frame of the addition system, which perceives force load with the accumulation of loading energy and braking of main cracks. Sand mesoparticles of fraction 0.16–5 mm fill the intergranular space of the system for adding macroparticles with dissipation of external loading energy in the matrix material. The microfraction of granite crushing screenings (the fraction is 0.16 mm), along with the effect of replacing the volume of cement stone, exhibits physical and chemical activity in the phase formation of hydrate compounds. It is shown that in the initial screening of granite crushing, the structure-forming role of its particles is not manifested effectively enough, the main reason for which is the “excess” of sand fractions, which push apart the grains of macrofractions and increase the water demand of the concrete mixture. Traditional methods of enriching screenings do not solve this problem. The principle of conditioning screenings by saturating them with macro- and micro-sized fractions is discussed. Based on this principle, a technology for mechanical processing of screenings has been developed to produce a “line” of products for targeted use in the building materials and products industry. The introduction of such technology will significantly increase the efficiency of construction and technological recycling of stone crushing screenings through maximum use of the structure-forming potential of their polydisperse composition.
Nodes of Experimental Installations for Testing Concrete for Creep
Authors: Arleninov P. D. , Krylov S. B. , Konin D. V. , Neschadimov V. A.
Published: March 2024

Installations of the mid-twentieth century for testing concrete for creep, as a rule, have significant wear and are not intended for testing new concrete. To carry out testing of modern high-strength concrete, their modernization and retrofitting is required. Due to the lack of standard technical solutions, design and survey work is required in preparation for testing. The purpose of the presented study was to study the nodes and elements of spring installations for determining the creep of concrete and to establish the possibility of their use under increased loads, to modernize installations for the possibility of testing samples of various lengths without complete disassembly, to ensure safety during such tests. To determine the strength and stiffness parameters of the springs, it was necessary to conduct two-stage tests with the development of special equipment. Also, according to the results of the evaluation of the hinge assemblies for axial load transfer to the sample, their replacement with a change in design solutions was required. According to the results of experimental studies, individual springs and thrust hinge elements were fragilely destroyed, in connection with which a hinge assembly of a new design was developed, changes have been made to the design of the installation to ensure the physical protection of maintenance personnel, a modular system of steel spacers with protection against horizontal movement has been developed, which makes it possible to test samples of different lengths on existing installations without changing the configuration of the installations themselves. An important result of the work is the proposed system of double experimental control, when first a random test of individual elements is carried out to assess the possible level of loads on the equipment, then a continuous control of the already assembled test installations is carried out for large loads relative to the planned experiment. Only in this case it is possible to simultaneously ensure high reliability of the results obtained during testing, reliability and durability of the equipment. Moreover, it is impossible to carry out such work only numerically without testing, as practice has shown.
Mechanics of Durability of Structural Concrete: a New Approach to the Phenomenon of Degradation. Part 1. Shrinkage
Authors: Leonovich S. N.
Published: March 2024

Concrete is a material widely used in construction works and buildings that support people’s lives. The operability of concrete structures can be maintained for a long time if such structures are properly designed and built. The article proposes a new approach to the mechanics of durability to establish a systematic prediction and assessment of the be- havior of reinforced concrete structures depending on time. The chemical and mechanical wear of cement materials over time due to chemical reactions, environmental effects and external loads is described by physico-chemical models of reaction, transfer, destruction and their compounds. In addition, the operability of concrete structures over time is discussed. The outlines of several representative research projects on the mechanics of durability are presented.
Modified Gypsum-Cement-Pozzolan Concrete for 3DCP
Authors: Mukhametrakhimov R. Kh. , Rakhimov R. Z. , Galautdinov A. R. , Ziganshina L. V.
Published: March 2024

3D concrete printing (3DCP) is an innovative and promising method for constructing buildings and structures. Compositions of fine-grained concrete based on Portland cement are widely used as raw material mixtures in this technology. An alternative to the use of cement binder is the use of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder, which can significantly reduce the cost of the finished product and, accordingly, increase its competitiveness. The raw material mixtures based on gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder presented on the construction market do not fully meet the requirements of 3DCP. Achieving optimal performance of gypsum-cement-pozzolan mixtures in 3DCP is possible by regulating the content of fine aggregate in the composition of fine-grained concrete, as well as the use of multicomponent modifying additives. The purpose of this work is to develop modified gypsum-cement-pozzolan concretes for 3DCP based on optimization of aggregate content and multifunctional additive, providing optimal rheotechnological properties of raw mixtures and technological characteristics of finished products. The formation of samples during experimental studies was carried out using the layer-by-layer extrusion method on a workshop construction 3D printer “AMT S-6044”. Modified gypsum-cement-pozzolan concretes have been developed for 3DCP with increased ultimate shear stress of the mixture (87.6 Pa), dimensional stability (23 cm), average composite density (1920 g/m3), flexural strength (8.4 MPa) and compression (30.6 MPa) and water resistance (0.85). The possibility of targeted regulation of the structure and properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolan mixtures and concrete due to the synergistic effect of the components of the developed multifunctional complex additive, including an aqueous solution of a polycarboxylate ether, a copolymer based on carboxylic acid esters, and a homogeneous mixture of oligoethoxysiloxanes, has been proven. The results obtained are consistent with the results of the differential thermal analysis of modified gypsum-cement-pozzolanic stone.
On the Issue of Ensuring the Durability of Products and Structures Made of High-Strength Concrete to Explosive Destruction
Authors: Akhtyamov R. Ya. , Ahmed’yanov R. M. , Gamaliy E. A. , Averina G. F.
Published: March 2024

Fire safety procedures are an integral part of the design process of civil and industrial construction facilities. When carrying out design calculations, up-to-date reference data on the resistance of known types of building materials to the effects of open fire and elevated temperatures are used. However, modification of the compositions and properties of such materials may cause changes in their behavior in fire conditions. Thus, new types of high-strength concretes based on Portland cement in practice have shown a tendency to explosive destruction, which significantly affects the reliability of the simulation results of their resistance to prolonged and short-term exposure to elevated temperatures. The presented work provides an overview and assessment of the current state of the issue of ensuring fire safety of structures made of high-strength concrete, additional measures are proposed to improve the existing algorithms for determining their fire resistance.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in hydrocephalus patients with functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts: challenging the dictum that shunts treat all types of hydrocephalus. Patient series
Authors: Rainone Gersham J , Woodhouse Cody , Kramer Dallas , Elhamdani Shahed , Leonardo Jody
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Although ventriculoperitoneal shunting is standard for hydrocephalus, shunting may not be ideal for aqueductal stenosis. A cohort of patients with aqueductal stenosis displayed symptoms of over- and underdrainage, despite a patent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and optimized valve settings. Endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETVs) were performed in a subset of these patients with successful treatment of their underlying hydrocephalus, despite a functioning shunt.

OBSERVATIONS

All patients who had undergone ETV with a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunting were retrospectively reviewed. Patients experiencing over- or underdrainage symptoms despite a patent shunt were included. Cerebral aqueduct anatomy and third ventricle bowing were reviewed on preoperative imaging. Seven patients met the study criteria. All showed cerebral aqueductal stenosis and third ventricle bowing. After ETV, all patients demonstrated decreased third ventricle bowing and clinical improvement without the need for secondary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion.

LESSONS

Despite a functioning VPS, patients with aqueductal stenosis may not be adequately treated. The underlying reasons are not clearly understood but suggest abnormal CSF dynamics due to aberrant parenchymal compliance. The authors theorize that ETV can more effectively treat these patients. ETV can be considered a viable treatment option in aqueductal stenosis despite a patent VPS, challenging the traditional teaching that shunts ideally treat all types of hydrocephalus.
Mycobacterium xenopi vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: illustrative case
Authors: Kelly Ryan , Woodward Josha , Gerzenshtein Jacob B , Aziz Mariam , O’Toole John E
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Mycobacterium xenopi is a common nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) that is slow growing and an infrequent cause of infection. When infections do occur, it is by exposure to contaminated soil or water or to infectious aerosols. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the spine are exceedingly rare. Risk factors can include immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus; however, other systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report a case of cord compression due to M. xenopi vertebral osteomyelitis with an epidural abscess in a patient with SLE on hydroxychloroquine and recent steroid use. The authors explore the presentation of a patient who developed acute neurological deficits concerning for spinal pathology secondary to NTM. Although considered a rare occurrence, patients with autoimmune pathologies are susceptible to infection by unusual organisms. Standard treatment of autoimmune diseases can predispose patients to infection and warrant surgical correction to prevent long-term neurological deficits.

LESSONS

There is still much work and research to be done in the exploration and understanding of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, pathophysiology, and treatment in the immunocompetent population and in patients with autoimmune disorders.
Strategic Tasks of State Support for the Post-War Development of the National Economy
Authors: Lunina I. О. , Bilousova O. S. , Nazukova N. M.
Published: March 2024

The article highlights the main issues of government support for the post-war development of priority sectors of the national economy that are of strategic importance for sustainable economic development and national defense capabilities; and substantiates the corresponding instruments of fiscal support using the example of titanium industry. In the study, the strategic tasks of government support for the post-war development of national economy are considered from the standpoint of a comprehensive solution to the problems of forming an innovative foundation for economic renewal, ensuring the technological change, creation of a complete cycle of deep titanium processing and titanium production in Ukraine which will meet the needs of domestic demand and the entry of domestic producers into world markets. Ensuring changes in educational sphere in accordance with the real economy’s demand for technical specialists and professionals is seen as a part of a comprehensive industrial policy approach, and fiscal instruments for this purpose are proposed.

The need to expand the list of instruments of government support for the development of strategic industries is substantiated. The list should include both measures of tax support for investment projects with significant investments provided for by current legislation, as well as grants, innovative transfers from the government budget, measures to support the export of innovative titanium products, and innovative corporate income tax benefit to stimulate innovations, training tax allowance to support business investment in human capital. Proposals to extend the instruments for financing priority sectors of Ukraine’s economic revival do not contradict the norms of EU legislation in the field of government aid.

Possible measures for ordering the regulatory framework of the proposed in the article direct budgetary and indirect government support instruments for the innovative development of strategic sectors of the economy are outlined. In particular, changes to the Tax Code of Ukraine on the introduction of innovation and training allowances for corporate income tax, changes in the minimum useful life of innovative equipment, and tax credit recognition of VAT amounts in the acquisition prices of technology property rights and in the import of technology under a technology transfer agreement, as well as to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of January 24, 2020 No. 28 “On the provision of financial government support” in terms of increasing the volume of loans and reducing the cost of their servicing for business entities in the titanium industry.
The Government Policy for the Ukraine’s Pharmaceutical Industry: Economic and Statistical Aspect
Authors: Salikhova O. B.
Published: March 2024

Among the priorities for the Ukrainian government during the country’s recovery period after the war should be ensuring national security, establishing an effective healthcare system, creating jobs, achieving stability and economic growth. The development of the pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in achieving these goals. The pharmaceutical industry, as revealed by the study, despite increasing production and value added over the years of independence, remains vulnerable and dependent on external resources. The Covid-19 pandemic and the russian military aggression exposed the industry’s unpreparedness for new challenges and threats, casting doubt on the effectiveness of Ukraine’s policy for national pharmaceutical production. The aim of this article is to show initiatives and political decisions made since the early 2000s, as well as economic and statistical assessments of their consequences for the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine. Study found, that the government’s policy in the process of European integration primarily focused on harmonizing legislative and regulatory frameworks for pharmaceutical activities, rather than on enhancing the domestic manufacturers through a variety of activities: the implementation of a deliberate policy for the technological product and process innovation based on domestic R&D, strengthening competitive advantages for to meet growing domestic needs and increase exports. Lack of policy for increasing the innovative and scientific and technological potential of pharmaceutical industry has led to the growth of imports. It is proven that in 1996, the import of pharmaceutical products per capita in the country was $4,98 and at the end of 2021 (before the start of the war), it was $71.78. The research revealed that Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry, primarily manufactures products for the domestic market and relies largely on imported intermediate goods (as there is no domestic production of fine chemicals, active pharmaceutical ingredients and their intermediates); the industry does not generate foreign currency earnings even to cover the expenses for purchasing necessary ingredients in foreign markets. The article substantiates the necessity of a multi-aspect policy. The formulation of such policies should be based on both the results of statistical analysis from official statistics and surveys of professional associations’ members associated with the pharmaceutical industry (developers and manufacturers of biological and chemical substances, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, as well as providers of fillers and packaging materials and equipment for pharmaceutical production). This approach will allow for a comprehensive and adequate assessment of the current state and future prospects of the industry.