bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edible cutlery: An eco-friendly replacement for plastic cutlery
Authors: Roy T Rahul , Morya Sonia
Published: September 2022

Plastic has become a significant threat to the entire ecological system, the daily utilization of plastic products has several beyond-description losses like air pollution caused by incinerating plastic, pollution of the marine environment and microplastics damaging internal organs of animals and indirectly harming humans by consuming the sea-food, meat and other products which rife with micro-plastic. This review aimed to assess the replacement of plastic usage with a better alternative, including studies on various types of cutlery, preparation of edible cutlery, therapeutical properties and the market of edible cutlery.They occur in everyday life, which compromises the standard of living. Plastic usage can be minimized with a better alternative, as complete eradication is not possible due to their consistent dependence and usage. So, a better substitute is cutlery made up of plant-based products like rice, sorghum, wheat, soy, and rice bran flour. The edible cutlery has biodegradable and eco-friendly properties and is the finest substitute for plastic cutlery. This cutlery can help change the system of unhealthiness into a better lifestyle by minimizing the health-associated risks such as cancers, endocrine disruption, and impaired immunity with exposure to leaching plastic packages which are used to store food items. It can help to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) of United Nations Organisation i.e., ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages (SDG-3) and take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG-13), the ultimate aim of this paper was to reduce the usage of plastic and products made up of plastic.
Seed priming with endophytes on physiological, biochemical and antioxidant activity of hybrid maize (Zea mays l.) COH (M) 8 seeds
Authors: T Poovarasan , R Jerlin , J S Kennedy , N Senthil , G Sasthri , T Anand
Published: September 2022

Endophytes are important microorganisms that enhance the plant's stability through a symbiotic relationship, without any harmful effects and symptoms in the host plant. To study the effect of endophytes on overall performance of COH(M)8 hybrid maize seeds, the present study was conducted with different endophytic seed priming for  12 hrs duration with Beauveria bassiana @ 5% (T2), Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5% (T3) and Bacillus subtilis @ 8% (T4) along with hydro priming (T1) and untreated control (T0).  The seed priming treatments with all the above three endophytes enhanced the seed quality parameters, among which M. anisopliae @ 5% (T3) registered maximum increase of germination (4.34%), shoot length (20.73%), root length (15.04%), dry matter production (15.22%) and vigour index (22.68%) over control. Similarly, the seeds primed with M. anisopliae @ 5% (T3) recorded the highest value of dehydrogenase activity (0.441 OD value), α- amylase activity (2.06 mg maltose min-1) and antioxidant activity viz., catalase (1.55 μmol H2O2 min-1 g-1 protein) and peroxidase  (0.87 U mg-1protein min-1). Results of this study revealed that the endophytes can enhance overall the seed quality in maize.
Effect of phosphorus activators on soil legacy phosphorus availability and its uptake by maize hybrid COH(M) 6 in calcareous soil
Authors: Aswitha K. , Malarvizhi P. , Chitdeshwari T. , Kalarani M.K. , Lakshmanan A. , S Thiyageshwari
Published: September 2022

Continuous application of phosphatic fertilizers in association with its low recovery results in the insoluble legacy P buildup in agricultural soils. In this study, a field experiment was conducted with maize hybrid COH(M) 6 to know the effect of different P activators (Farmyard Manure, Humic acid, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria, and Phytase) on increasing the legacy phosphorus (P) availability. The P activators were combined and applied along with the different doses of P fertilizer (100%, 75%, and 50% soil test dose of P fertilizer). The results showed that the application of Farmyard manure (FYM) and Humic acid (HA) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the soil available P (18.54 kg ha-1) and notably reduced the calcium P fraction (93.08 mg kg-1). The application of FYM and HA with 100% soil test dose of P showed a similar grain (9.98 kg ha-1) and stover P uptake (12.67 kg ha-1) response as that of FYM and HA with 75% soil test dose of P. The study suggested that FYM and HA application has activated the fixed calcium phosphorus in soil and increased its availability for crop utilization. The findings have illustrated that even the reduced dose of P fertilizer application can support the nutrient uptake if they are applied along with P- activators such as FYM and HA. This could promote soil health by reducing the P overload and further P loss in soil.
Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma hamatum against Alternaria porri causing purple blotch disease of onion through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis
Authors: R Oviya , S Thiruvudainambi , V Ramamoorthy , R Thamizh vendan , S. Vellaikumar
Published: September 2022

Alternaria porri causing purple blotch disease of onion is a destructive phytopathogen which causes severe loss in productivity. The present study aimed to unravel the antagonistic potential and efficacy of volatile organic compounds produced by various Trichoderma spp. against A. porri causing purple blotch disease of onion through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Ten isolates of Trichoderma species were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of healthy onion plants. Upon paired plate technique, the in vitro efficacy of ten Trichoderma isolates were tested against virulent isolate of Alternaria porri isolated from purple blotch disease infected onion plants. The Trichoderma isolate TIM2 showed 76.29 per cent inhibition on mycelial growth of pathogen. The effective Trichoderma isolate was identified as Trichoderma hamatum through the analysis of the rDNA of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and it was subjected to GC-MS analysis.  The result of GCMS analysis indicated the highest peak area and retention time with major antimicrobial bioactive compounds like Tetradecane, 2,6,10-trimethy (20.327), (1.22) and Dodecane, 2-cyclohexyl (20.079), (2.14), Heptadecane (21.222), (9.50), Octadecane (22.379), (3.58), Eicosane, 9-cyclohexyl (22.578), (1.84), 2-Propenoic acid, pentadecyl ester (23.400), (10.37), 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl (23.567), (10.37), Eicosane (27.311), (2.34), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (27.918), (4.43), n-Hexadecanoic acid (29.156), (3.59) and  Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo (31.906), (3.33). These bioactive compounds identified through GCMS analysis from the crude extracts of Trichoderma hamatum exhibited a stronger antifungal activity against A. porri. Hence the application of T. hamatum for the management of purple blotch disease highly supress growth of the pathogen and reduce the disease incidence.
Uses of Computational Intelligence in Digital Voice Signal Processing Paradigm
Authors: Micheal Herbet , Javeir Laura
Published: September 2022

Uses of Computational Intelligence in Digital Voice Signal Processing Paradigm
Differential expression of DPYS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of DPYS, encoding dihydropyrimidinase, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. DPYS was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. DPYS transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence improves human decision-making: Results from a mushroom picking experiment at a public art festival
Authors: Leichtmann Benedikt , Hinterreiter Andreas , Humer Christina , Streit Marc , Mara Martina
Published: September 2022

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) enables an Artificial Intelligence (AI) to explain its decisions. This holds the promise of making AI more understandable to users, improving interaction, and establishing an adequate level of trust. We tested this assertion in the high-risk task of mushroom hunting, where users have to decide whether a mushroom is edible or poisonous with the aid of an AI-based app that suggests classifications based on mushroom images. In a between-subjects experiment N = 328 visitors of an Austrian media art exhibition played a mushroom hunting game on tablet computers while walking through a highly immersive artificial indoor forest. One group saw the AI's decisions only, while a second group additionally received attribution-based and example-based visual explanations of the AI's recommendation. The results show that participants with visual explanations outperformed participants without explanations in correct edibility assessments and pick-up decisions. This exhibition-based experiment thus replicated the decision-making results of a previous online study. However, unlike in the previous study, the visual explanations did not affect levels of trust or acceptance measures. In a direct comparison, we consequently discuss the findings in terms of generalizability. Besides the scientific contribution, we discuss the direct impact of conducting XAI experiments in highly immersive art- and game-based environments in exhibition contexts on visitors and local communities by triggering reflection and awareness for psychological issues of human-AI interaction.
Differential expression of CD74 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of CD74, encoding cluster of differentiation 74, in primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. CD74 was also differentially expressed in the fibroblasts isolated from patients with ALS. CD74 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Hasil Plagiarisme Turnitin : Effect of Hybrid Resources on Management Outcomes Micro-Hydro Power Plants in Remote Areas
Authors: Syam Sudirman
Published: September 2022

The effect of developing hybrid resources on the management outcomes of micro-hydropower plants in remote areas has been studied and analyzed. The hybrid resource is a combination of two energy sources, such as water and solar energy, that operate together in meeting the needs of electrical power in Ambava Village, Tinondo Sub-district, East-Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study has used a management model describing the relationship and influence of latent variables and their manifestation variables. Here, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) based Common-Pool-Resources (CPR) is the proper method of testing the structural model used. The results show that the Critics-Ratio (CR) and Standard Loading Factor (SLF) have fulfilled the expected value. The direct influence of the variable exogenous hybrid resources to the endogenous variable outcome of 0.213 has fulfilled the Gold of Fit criteria. Then, the direct impact of the most dominant latent variable is the operating dimension of the resource. At the same time, the indirect effect on the manifest variable is the increase in electricity reserve. Furthermore, the most dominant indirect impact of the hybrid resources latent variable is the benefit and cost dimensions, while the most dominant manifest variable is people's welfare savings.
An Overview of Swarm Intelligence and Collective Intelligence
Authors: Yahya Muhammad Hassam
Published: September 2022

An Overview of Swarm Intelligence and CollectiveIntelligence
Differential expression of LOC728743 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of LOC728743, encoding LOC728743, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. LOC728743 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. LOC728743 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
KONSEP JIWA MENURUT MULLA SHADRA
Authors: Rahman Alif Reynika
Published: September 2022

Jiwa adalah salah satu topik yang sangat menarik perhatian para ilmuwan Muslim. Tidak sedikit dari mereka yang menghabiskan waktunya untuk mempelajari masalah ini. adapun jiwa telah di bahas oleh beberapa tokoh muslim terdahulu dengan pembahasan yang sangat bervariasi. tulisan ini bermaksud membahas tentang konsep jiwa yang ditekankan oleh salah seorang ilmuwan muslim, Mulla Shadra. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis, penelitian ini menghasilkan empat kesimpulan penting: pertama, jiwa sebagai entelechy badan dan asas yang memberi bentuk pada substansi, yang pada makhluk hidup dapat dinamakan dengan jiwa atau psyche. Kedua, jiwa memiliki fakultas dan mengalami perkembangan sebagaimana prinsip gerak trans-substansial. Ketiga, Persepsi manusia terjadi tidak hanya menggunakan panca indra, yang utama ialah melalui indra batin sebab indra batinlah yang mendasari kinerja daripada panca indra. Empat, bukti keberadaan jiwa Pertama, efek yang berbeda diketahui dari sumber efek yang berbeda pula. Kedua, efek-efek ini berbeda sumbernya pada badan, apakah sumbernya dari materi atau forma-forma materielnya, atau bukan keduanya. Ketiga, Terdapat keserupaan pada raga. oleh karena itu, mengungkap lebih dalam tentang hakikat jiwa dan keberadaannya sangat penting untuk dibahas.
Virtual green, real impact
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: September 2022

Some new studies using virtual reality (VR) technology suggest that exposure to virtual nature has positive psychological impacts on humans.
Marine Radiocarbon Calibration in Polar Regions: A Simple Approximate Approach using Marine20
Authors: Heaton Timothy , Butzin Martin , Bard Edouard , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Hughen Konrad , Koehler Peter , Reimer Paula
Published: September 2022

The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine radiocarbon calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ~ 40ºS – 40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of ΔR, the regional 14C depletion adjustment, that has been obtained from samples in the recent (non-glacial) past is likely to lead to bias and overconfidence in the calibrated age. We propose an approach to calibration that aims to address this by accounting for the possibility of additional, localized, glacial 14C depletion in polar oceans. We suggest, for a specific polar location, bounds on the value of ΔR_20 (θ) during a glacial period. The lower bound ΔR_20^Hol may be based on 14C samples from the recent non-glacial (Holocene) past and corresponds to a low-depletion glacial scenario. The upper bound, ΔR_20^GS, representing a high-depletion scenario is found by increasing ΔR_20^Hol according to the latitude of the 14C sample to be calibrated. The suggested increases to obtain ΔR_20^GS are based upon simulations of the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model (LSG OGCM). Calibrating against the Marine20 curve using the upper and lower ΔR_20 bounds provide estimates of calibrated ages for glacial 14C samples in high- and low-depletion scenarios which should bracket the true calendar age of the sample. In some circumstances, users may be able to determine which depletion scenario is more appropriate using independent paleoclimatic or proxy evidence.
The efficacy of Behaviouralism in Political Inquiry
Authors: Gar Ruqayya Aminu , Umar Mohammed Nuru , Muhammad Murtala
Published: September 2022

Behaviouralism views individual as the main focus in the analysis of political behaviour and set of orientations within the political system for political inquiry. Studies that adopt behaviouralism exist but mostly are limited to in cooperating boths it’s quantitative and qualitative techniques in the analysis of political inquiry. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the theory of behaviouralism in the study of political behavioural change in Bauchi state Nigeria, aiming at the theory’s contribution in moving the study of political system and political behaviour from qualitative to include quantitative studies. The work utilized a qualitative method in its data collection and analysis. Findings concludes that variables such as formal political participation and extra parliamentary activism that forms major part of the theoretical assumptions of political behaviour component in the theory of behaviouralism are practical in the empirical and academic analyses of political inquiry by using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Thus, behaviouralism method is effective and has changed the perspective of political inquiry by introducing a scientific innovative technique that is strengthened with confirmable evidences.
Çevresel Terörizmin “Güvenlik” Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinden Çıkarımlar
Authors: YILDIRIM Korkmaz
Published: September 2022

20. yüzyılın son çeyreği yerel ve bölgesel ekolojik sorunlarının sınır ötesi etkilerinin küresel bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmeye başlandığı yıllara tekabül etmektedir. Ekolojik sorunların sınır ötesi etkileri yanı sıra karşılıklı bağımlılık, karmaşıklık ve belirsizlik ihtiva etmesi gibi özelliklere sahip olması sebebiyle yerelden küresele uzanan yeni bir güvenlik anlayışını (çevresel güvenlik) zaruri kılmıştır. Kaynak kıtlığı ya da bolluğu durumunun güvenlik ile ilişkilendirilmesinde “çevre” ve “güvenlik” kavramlarını bütünleşik olarak tahlil edilmeden rasyonel çıkarımların yapılaması zordur. Diğer taraftan çevresel terör ve terörizm olguları geçmiş dönemlerde olduğu gibi günümüzde de akademik ve politik alanlarda tartışılan güvenlik konuları arasında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda güvenlik çalışmalarının odak noktasını oluşturan terör ve terörizm olgularının çevreye ilişkin boyutlarının kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilmesini mümkün kılan sentez çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalar çevresel terörizm ve güvenlik konularının kesişim alanlarını aydınlatması bakımından son derece yetersizdir. Pratik açıdan ise çevresel terörizme karşı alınan önlemler yeni bir bakış açısı ile etkin bir politik ve hukuki formulasyonunu gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı çevresel terörizmin güvenlik açısından izdüşümlerini “Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi” özelinde incelemektir. Çalışma bu amacı iki farklı aşamada gerçekleştirmektedir. İlk aşamada çevrenin güvenlik ve terörizm olgular ile ilişkisinin düşünsel ve kavramsal olarak aydınlatılması ile gerçekleşmektedir. İkinci aşamada ise çevresel terörizmin güvenlik anlayışı içerisinde nerde ve nasıl konumlandırılacağına ilişkin değerlendirmeler yer almaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları erişilebilmesi kolay ve az maliyetli olan çevresel unsurlarının, etkili ve kalıcı sonuçları oluşturabilen bir araç ya da hedefe dönüşme potansiyeline sahip olması sebebiyle güvenlik anlayışının son aşamada düğümlendiği “insan güvenliği”nden “ekolojik güvenlik”e doğru yeni bir boyut kazandığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Maden Kentinin Gündelik Hayatı ve Üretime Dayalı Mekânsal Kullanımları; 1850-1926 Zonguldak Üzülmez Vadisi
Authors: ARSLAN Nazlı , KERESTECİOĞLU Funda
Published: September 2022

Maden kentleri yer altı ve üstünde devam eden kömür üretimi ve üretime dayalı sanayi faaliyetleri sebebiyle üretilen mekanların ve kullanımlarının özelleştiği bölgelerdir. Maden kentinin mekan yapısına yönelik sorun ve çözümlerinin okunabileceği bir alan olarak gündelik hayatı, o kente özgü yeni mekan kullanımlarını işaret etmektedir. 19. YY Sanayi Devrimi ile önemi artan kömür üretimi sebebiyle yeni pazar arayışlarının artması, yabancı sermayenin kömür rezervinin var olduğu Zonguldak’ta da yatırımlar yapmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. 20. YY başlarına kadar artan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile çok uluslu yapıya evirilen Zonguldak, dönemin maden politikaları ve teknolojik koşulları çerçevesinde kömür üretim pratiğine bağımlı bir gündelik yaşantıya referans vermektedir. Kömür üretimine dayalı bu yaşantı sadece kömür çıkarım ve nakliye işlemlerini değil, aynı zamanda üretime katılanların gündelik ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek barınma, eğitim, üretim, sağlık, ulaşıma çözümlerini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Yabancı ve yerli sermayenin kömür üretimi adına mekana müdahaleleri ve bu müdahaleler neticesinde kentlinin mekan kullanımları, yaşanan mekana dair bilgi vermektedir. Yaşanan mekânın hakikatine erişebilmenin yolu olarak; gündelik hayatın keşfine çıkmak ve bu çözümlemeyi gündelik hayat literatürüne katkı koyan düşünür ve kavramlar üzerinden yorumlamak çalışmanın yöntemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada yabancı ve ulusal sermayenin hibrit üretim anlayışını ifade eden 1850-1926 arasında, üretimin yoğunlaştığı Üzülmez Vadisi ve koloniyel yapılarının gündelik yaşantısı, gündelik hayat literatürüne katkı koyan düşünürler; Lefebvre, De Carteau ve Bourdieu’nun geliştirdiği kavramlar üzerinden analiz edilmektedir. Üzülmez Vadisi’nin 20. YY başındaki gündelik hayatına yönelik yapılan çalışma; kömür üretim pratiğinin kentsel mekanı ve ona dayalı yaşantıyı şekillendirmedeki rolünü, gündelik hayata referans veren strateji, taktik, ritimanaliz ve habitus kavramları üzerinden ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma kömür üretimi ile şekillenen Zonguldak Üzülmez Vadisi habitusunda, yabancı ve ulusal sermayenin hibrit üretim anlayışını ifade eden 1850-1926 tarihleri arasında gündelik hayattaki üretim, ulaşım, barınma, eğitim, ve sağlık fonksiyonlarının kullanımına yönelik olarak geliştirilen çözümler ve mekansal kullanımlarının ritimlerini zaman mekan ekseninde inceleyerek sınıflandırmıştır.
Bayburtlu Zihnî ve Emin Hilmi Efendi'nin Şiirlerinde Trabzon'daki Yöneticiler (1855-1860)
Authors: YILMAZ Gökçehan Aysel
Published: September 2022

Bayburtlu Zihnî ve Emin Hilmi Efendi, XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında Trabzon’da yaşamışlar ve memur olarak görev yapmışlardır. Bayburtlu Zihnî mesnevisi Sergüzeşt-nâme-i Zihnî’de, Emin Hilmi Efendi ise Dîvân’ında Trabzon’un o dönemki yöneticilerini, şehirdeki imar faaliyetlerini ve buradaki sosyo-ekonomik değişimleri konu etmişlerdir. Vali Mehmed Besim Paşa, Vali Ahmed İzzet Paşa ve defterdar Çukadar-zâde Câzim Bey; söz konusu eserlerde adı anılan yöneticilerdir. Bayburtlu Zihnî, Çukadar-zâde Câzim Bey’i ağır bir dille hicvetmektedir. Defterdarın özel hayatına dair gayriahlaki yaşam tarzı, rüşvet, yolsuzluk, görevi kötüye kullanma gibi suçlamalarda bulunulan bu hicviye 54 beyitten oluşmaktadır. Vali Ahmed İzzet Paşa ise Sergüzeşt-nâme-i Zihnî’de yönetimde etkisiz kalması yüzünden eleştirilmektedir. Emin Hilmi Efendi, Çukadar-zâde Câzim Bey’e sunduğu “Trabzon” redifli 18 beyitlik kasidesini; bir beytinde Vali Mehmed Besim Paşa’nın, bir beytinde ise defterdarın övgüsü olacak şekilde kaleme almıştır. Bu iki isim kasidede şehre yaptıkları hizmetlerle yüceltilmektedir. Çalışmada bahsi geçen şiirler incelenerek Trabzon’un o dönemdeki yöneticilerinden hareketle, şehrin genel görünümü çizilmeye çalışılacaktır.
CYNODON DACTYLON LEAF EXTRACT AS AN EFFICIENT ECO-FRIENDLY CORROSION INHIBITOR IN ACIDIC MEDIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Authors: M. Muthuraj  , M. Archana  , S. Rajeswari
Published: September 2022

The effect of Cynodon Dactylon leaf extract on the suppression of mild steel corrosion in 1N Hydrochloric acid solution was examined using the weight loss approach. The effects of weight loss on different inhibitor concentrations were examined on the surface of mild steel. The highest inhibitory efficiency was found to be 83 percent. The influence of corrosion was noted with various doses ranging from 10 to 40 ml of extract. The initial phytochemical screening approach detects flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponin, alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phenol. The presence of this natural extract reduces the rate of corrosion in acidic environments. The surface assimilation of Cynodon dactylon on metal surface obeyed Langmuir, freundlich, Temkin, and frumkin isotherms. The negative values of ΔGo (Gibb’s free energy) of -16.479 kJmol-1, -0.5201 kJmol-1, -10.052 kJmol-1, and -19.509 kJmol-1 for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Frumkin isotherms implies the very nature of the spontaneous process
AN EXPERIMRNTAL ASSESMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL DERIVATIVES EXTRACTED FROM THE PEACH (Prunus persica L. Batsch) LEAVES
Authors: Kant Ravi , Shukla Rishi Kumar , Shukla Abha , Vishnoi Vineet Kumar , Babu Neelesh
Published: September 2022

This study focuses on the preliminary phytochemical screening, nutritive value, and antimicrobial activity of Prunus persica leaves extracts. Proximate analysis of the P. persica leaves shows the moisture content (10.615%), crude fiber.534%), crude fat (4.443%), total protein (27.468%), total carbohydrate (41.566%), and nutritive value (316.123kcal/100g). The qualitative phytochemical studies show the presence of tannins, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity of P. persica leaves extracts was performed against three bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC-40, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC-2474, Staphylococcus aureus- MTCC-1144) and two fungal strains (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp.) The ethyl acetate leaves extract of P. persica showed the highest antibacterial activity and the highest antifungal activity compared to other extracts (ethyl acetate > ethanol> chloroform). Overall, this study suggests that P. persica has good nutritive value, is an excellent source of phytochemicals, and shows good antimicrobial activity.
SOLID SELF NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FENOFIBRIC ACID: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: Suhery W.N. , Sumirtapura Y.C. , Pamudji J.S. , Mudhakir D.
Published: September 2022

Physicochemical properties and dissolution of Fenofibric acid (FA) solid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (solid SNEDDS) were investigated. Kollisolv® MCT 70 (medium-chain triglyceride), Kolliphor® RH 40, and Transcutol® HP as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant for SNEDDS formulation. The optimized SNEDDS formulation was solidified into solid SNEDDS using porous carriers (Neusilin® US2 and Aerosil 200), with a ratio of 33% and 50% (w/v) respectively (SS1–SS4). The selected solid SNEDDS formulation of FA (SS1) could increase the dissolution of FA 1.75-fold compared to the pure drug.
ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY Moringa Oleifera PODS AND FELDSPAR CLAY COMPOSITE
Authors: J. Phele Mokete , P. Ejidike Ikechukwu , N. Diagboya Paul , M. Mtunzi Fanyana , M. Ejidike Obiamaka
Published: September 2022

Pollution removal from contaminated water is a vital step in environmental and human health protection. For impoverished countries, using biomaterials to remove heavy metals from polluted water is an environmentally benign and cost-effective strategy. In this study, Moringa Oleifera pod-Modified Feldspar Clay (MFC) was calcined after being modified with the Moringa Oleifera pod. The efficiency of these adsorbents in the aqueous solution adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was investigated as a function of pH, time, initial concentration, and temperature. The adsorption maximum capacities of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ by MFC were 54.42 mg·g−1, 41.26 mg·g−1, and 35.16 mg·g−1 , respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations ascertain and used to analyze the equilibrium isotherm data. The adsorption process fit the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics well in all cases, and the Langmuir isotherm equation fit the experimental data well. ∆G0 values up to -10 kJ.mol-1 are coherent with electrostatic interaction between adsorption sites and the metal ion, physisorption.
OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN/PECTIN POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX USING GLUTARALDEHYDE-CROSSLINKED AS METHYLENE BLUE ABSORBENT
Authors: Silitonga Friska Septiani , D. Siswanta  , Mudasir  , K. Gurning
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to make a crosslinked chitosan/pectin membrane with glutaraldehyde under conditions of time, pH, and maximum concentration in the adsorption of methylene blue. The first step was to synthesize the chitosan-pectin polyelectrolyte complex membrane which was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde by dissolving pectin in distilled water, then combining chitosan in acetic acid and adding glutaraldehyde and evaporated at 70°C. The second step is to characterize the synthesized membrane using FTIR, and determine the optimum contact time, optimum pH, and maximum concentration of methylene blue in adsorption. The results showed that the optimum mass ratio of 10% glutaraldehyde crosslinked polyelectrolyte membranes of 10% glutaraldehyde at the optimum contact time to adsorb methylene blue was 40 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 7,125 mg/g; The optimum pH is 6; the maximum adsorption concentration of methylene blue was 100 mg/L with the maximum adsorption capacity being 40.244 mg/g and following the Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium constant (K) was 1.42 × 104 L/mol.
THE SYNTHESIS OF CHALCONE COMPOUNDS WITH CL AND BR SUBSTITUENTS AND THEIR POTENTIAL ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES AGAINST MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELLS
Authors: Brahmana E.M. , J. Kaban  , G. Haro  , M. Ginting
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of chalcone-based Cl and Br substituents has been successfully synthesized for determining the cytotoxic bioactivities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The method of synthesizing the chalcone compounds was carried out by Clasien-Schmidt condensation via aldol condensation aldol. The determination of chalcone chemical structures was conducted via elucidated structure. Characterizations of pure compounds were conducted via 1HNMR, FTIR, Mass spectrophotometer, and Spectrophotometry UV-VIS. The cytotoxicity behaviours were investigated via the addition of PrestoblueTM reagents, while the IC50 score was also included as the parameter of investigation. Our findings show that three chalcone compounds yielded for 60.00%, 60.51%, and 74.38% for (E)-3- (4-chlorophenyl)-1-o-tolilprop-2-en-1-on (1), (E)-1,3-bis(3-bromophenyl) prop-2-en-1-on (2), and (E)-3-(4- bromophenyl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-on (3) respectively. The synthesis results were in accordance with the target compounds, in which the characteristics of the chalcone compounds of C-Cl and C-Br were confirmed via FTIR spectra, 1H-NMR shows 8 signals which equal to 10 hydrogen atoms, indicated. The cytotoxic activities based on IC50 for chalcones 1, 2, and 3 were 3.66 µg/mL, 51.05 µg/mL, and 21.62 µg/mL respectively with the potential for anti-breast cancer via MCF-7 cells via the morphological changes.
THE PERFORMANCE OF FLY ASH-BASED COAGULANTS TO REMOVE HEAVY METALS FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Authors: Moersidik S.S. , Yulianita N.E. , Hasanah S.U. , Hidayat A.E. , Pratama M.A. , Priadi C.R.
Published: September 2022

As one of the largest coal-producing countries, Indonesia’s mining activity can increase the potential for significant environmental damage, particularly the increased production of wastewater and acid mine drainage. This study focused on modified fly ash’s ability to remove turbidity and heavy metals from artificial acid mine drainage. The modification was applied by extracting fly ash, leached with different acids like hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, which can be utilized as coagulants using jar tests. The effects of detention time, initial and final potential of hydrogen, and coagulant dose were investigated. The result showed that the modified fly ash coagulants show potential use in reducing turbidity, copper, and zinc of artificial acid mine drainage. The fly ash-hydrochloric acid coagulant showed better results in removing zinc, while the fly ash-sulfuric acid coagulant is better in removing copper.
PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS, FLAVONOID CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND TOXICITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROOT, STEM, LEAF, FLOWER, FRUIT, AND SEED OF Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.
Authors: Widodo Agustinus , Zubair Muhammad Sulaiman , Ibrahim Nurlina , Hutapea Eirene Jenny Delima , Riswandi  , Farahdita Widia , Sitti Musnina Wa Ode , Tandi Joni
Published: September 2022

Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. in Palu, Central Sulawesi, is used as a food ingredient and empirically used in traditional medicine. This study determined the phytochemical content, phenolic, and flavonoid constituents, antioxidants, and toxicity of a 96% ethanol extract of G. gynandra of the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed. Maceration was used to get G. gynandra extract. Standard methods for phytochemical screening of extracts were used. Determination of phenolic constituents using Folin-Ciocalteau, and flavonoid constituents using AlCl3, then determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The DPPH method was used to determine antioxidant activity and the IC50 value. The toxicity test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and determined the LC50 value. Phytochemical screening showed that all 96% ethanol extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was 96% ethanol extract of leaf 116.6 µg/mL with total phenolic 16.821 ± 0.836 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid 21.956 ± 2.986 mg QE/g extract. The highest lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) was 96% ethanol extract of seed 26.30 µg/mL. According to the study results, the 96% ethanol extract of the leaf and seed of G. gynandra, respectively, has the potential to be evaluated as an antioxidant and anticancer agent.
SYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY, In-vitro ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF BISPYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES: A RESEARCH
Authors: Singh Sucheta , Tahlan Sumit , Kumar Verma Prabhakar
Published: September 2022

A series of bispyrazole compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological potential against micro-organisms, pro-oxidants (oxidative stress), inflammation, and diabetes. The synthesized derivatives were examined by tube dilution technique for in vitro antimicrobial potential against different microbial strains. In the series, compounds K8 (MICbs=26.39 µg/mL), K11 (MICbs=13.63 µg/mL), K12 (MICbs=13.63 µg/mL) and K22 (MICbs=12.12, 6.06 µg/mL) showed significant antibacterial activity as compared to standard drugs whereas compound K4 (MICan,ca= 6.80 µg/mL) and K17 (MICan,ca= 13.13 µg/mL) has proved to be themost potent antifungal compoundfor strains, C.albicans, and A. niger. Compounds K11 exhibited maximal antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 29.42 mol/L. Anti-inflammatory potential showed that compound K14showed magnificent activity with IC50 values of 39.58 mol/L and compoundK1showed magnificent antidiabetic potential with IC50 values of 20.88 mol/L. After evaluation of synthesized derivatives, compounds K1, K4, K8, K11, K12, K14, K17, and K22 have shown better antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity than reference drugs.
On the Spatial Dimension of General Equilibrium
Authors: Nekipelov Alexandr
Published: September 2022

Problems related to the spatial aspects of economic development are considered within the framework of such scientific disciplines as "regional economy", "spatial economy", "new economic geography", "theory of international trade" mainly from the point of view of partial analysis. The article proposes a "basic model" designed to integrate the spatial dimension into the theory of general equilibrium in relation to a simple exchange economy. Its analysis shows why the choice by economic agents of the place of residence and production activities is as important as the selection of the field of specialization. Key modifications in the functional relationships of the main economic variables linked to the spatial dimension of economic activity are formulated. At the same time, it is shown that the effects of the social division of labor, identified using the "basic model", are potential, since the model ignores huge transaction costs that inevitably accompany the interaction of partially rational economic agents. That is why anchoring in space of the place of transactions, which is the result of experience, becomes a natural way of adapting institutional conditions to the real abilities of economic agents to receive and process information. And these adjustments, in turn, lead to changes in the toolkit of the market mechanism – in particular, adding to it rent by location.
Towards the theory of general economic equilibrium
Authors: Danilov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes a model of general economic equilibrium, when some firms can influence prices by their actions. Their primitives (that is, the description of production, distribution, and consumption) of the proposed model are the same as those of the Arrow–Debreu model. The difference lies in the behavior of oligopolistic firms: it is assumed that they (as in the original Cournot model) assign their production plans. The main innovation is the description of the decision-making process on production plans by oligopolistic firms. In previous models, it was assumed that oligopolistic firms seek to maximize profits at current prices. Here, a more natural assumption is made that oligopolistic firms make decisions about production plans through a vote of shareholders. It is shown how the Arrow–Debreu model can be modified to account for this circumstance. The concept of Condorcet–Cournot–Walras equilibrium is introduced, combining the ideas of these three classics. The question of the existence of equilibria is discussed. A simplified version of the model is also considered, in which each firm is owned by one agent. The simplification is that there is no need to turn to the voting.
Some paradoxical effects of the tax holidays mechanism
Authors: Slastnikov Alexander
Published: September 2022

The paper studies a model for investment stimulating in a project to create a new enterprise under an uncertain economic environment in the framework of the Russian taxation system. It is assumed that the investor can postpone financing the project until a more favorable situation for him. Tax holidays (with fixed duration) are used as a mechanism for attracting investors. When making a decision on financing, investor chooses such an investment moment so that the expected net present value from the implemented project would be maximal. It is shown that the optimal time of investment and the expected net present value from the implemented project depend non-monotonously on the duration of tax holidays. At the same time, the behavior of these indicators is determined by the threshold values of depreciation rate and tax holidays’ duration. It is shown that the range of all possible depreciation rates is divided into three areas, in which each of the above mentioned optimal time of investment and the expected net present value is either a monotone function in terms of tax holidays’ duration, or has one extremum. The worst tax holidays’ period, both from the point of view of investment time and the investor’s expected net present value was established. It is shown that with "reasonable" values of depreciation rates, such worst holidays for the optimal investment moment lie in the range from 3 to 5 years, and for the optimal expected net present value does not exceed 3 years. The sensitivity of these thresholds to varying in project parameters (value added average growth rate, volatility and depreciation rate) is derived.
Parameters and indicators of enterprise status monitoring
Authors: Presnyakov Vasily
Published: September 2022

For the purposes of internal management, the possibilities of using the data collected by statistical and tax authorities are limited not so much because of their insufficiency, but because of the discrepancy in the subject areas that the data of state statistical observation are focused on. Enterprise status monitoring is necessary to develop options for its adaptation to changes in the environment. The article defines the objects and processes at the enterprise, on which its ability to change depends on complexity of business environment and acceleration of changes in society and the national economy. On the part of the company, the objects of such a description are the resources used by the enterprise, goals and norms and rules for the processes’ execution. On the part of national economy, the objects are production processes, assets of the enterprise and participants in its activities. The article identifies the parameters necessary for a qualitative assessment of the conformity of processes at the enterprise with the socio-economic characteristics of the state of society, and establishes economic indicators — quantitative characteristics of the parameters of the same processes. The concept of «socio-economic condition of the enterprise» is introduced, which includes a structured set of parameters expressing qualitative assessments of the use of specific resources, goals, norms and rules in processes from the point of their acceptability for the participants of the enterprise's activities. To monitor the performance of enterprise’s roles in the national economy, the concept of «production and economic condition of the enterprise» is used, which includes a structured set of process indicators, the values of which must be consistent with each other. The parameters providing the information display of system imperatives are given on the example of the parameters of the economic and technological process at the enterprise. An example of the definition of parameters and indicators is given, as well as the relationship between the parameters of the socio-economic state of the enterprise and the indicators of its production and economic condition is shown.
Development and improvement of the punishment system in the context of Vietnam’s criminal legislation
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Kien
Published: September 2022

The article presents various opinions of scientists about the punishment system, and also considers the provisions of the punishment system of the criminal legislation of Vietnam. The main and additional types of punishments for an individual and a commercial legal entity are disclosed, as well as the general principles of imposing punishment in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Code of Vietnam. The main directions of development and improvement of the system of punishments under Vietnamese criminal law through the introduction of Russian scientific achievements in this area have been determined.
Right to remix: ideas and original forms of musical works
Authors: Budnik Ruslan A.
Published: September 2022

The modern stage of development of creativity is characterized by an increase in the manufacturability of this type of activity. The art of making popular music fits into this trend, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages most vividly. The peculiarity of popular music production is the repetition of standard expressive means, which have proven to be attractive. The copying of popular fragments and spectacular musical techniques became widespread, resulting in the formation of sound remix culture. Against this background, the number of disputes over the boundaries of legal borrowing of musical material has increased in the courts both in Russia and abroad. In the media sphere, examples of unlawful appropriation of fragments from popular songs that violate the rights of their composers, performers, and producers of phonograms are discussed. To resolve such disputes, specialized procedures have been developed, the results of which are criticized. This article discusses various approaches to the legal qualification of copying musical material. The phenomenon of the formation of musical standards, repetitive elements, techniques, and clichés, which are proposed to be classified as unguarded musical ideas at the doctrinal level, is investigated. The methods used to establish copyright infringement, to identify the facts of unlawful appropriation of musical material, and significant similarity of works are analyzed. Our attention is drawn to the test of the unique quality of a musical work and its justification from the point of view of the principles of copyright. To make decisions on music copying cases, we propose to use data on the quantitative ratio of protected and unprotected material in the compared works, as well as on the sources of borrowing that can be obtained using computer music recognition tools
Issues of harmonization of norms establishing administrative and criminal liabil-ity for violations in the field of traffic
Authors: Yakimov Alexander Yu.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of harmonization of norms establishing administrative and criminal liability for violations in the field of traffic. Based on the comparison of the relevant norms of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offences of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the analysis of the materials of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, proposals are formulated aimed at optimizing the combination of provisions of administrative-tort and criminal legislation in the area under consideration.
Legal Culture and State Legal Life of the Society
Authors: Mal’ko Alexander V.
Published: September 2022

The present Conference was due to discuss a broad range of issues related to interaction and interference of such social realities and categories as “legal culture” and “state legal life” through national (intra state) and global view. The priority targeted theme of the main report and the participants’ interventions was to answer the following questions: what is the essence of state legal life of the society and the legal culture viewed as the social realities and scientific categories? what the requirements should by applied to legal policy so that it would be able to provide increasing quality of state legal life in following points: a) to establish and maintain dominant position for the law in national and global state legal space and the needed level of the legal culture for society and citizens; b) to minimize threats to national interests caused by globalization. Scientific novelty of the results of the conference is seen in the fact that it develops the common theory of state legal life as the entity of legal policy. However the practical value is that the legal culture if its concept fulfills certain conditions (in particular, if it contains certain measures towards increase of the legal culture of society and individuals) becomes effective source for organization and ordering state legal life on such levels as the national (intra state), international-regional and global ones.
Online Database
Authors: Velentza Katerina
Published: September 2022

Online Database for Velentza, K. (ed.) 2022. The Maritime Transport of Sculptures in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Archaeopress