bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menghadirkan Konsep Hifz Al-Irdi dalam Bermedia Sosial: Upaya Menyikapi Asusila Abu-Abu di Youtube
Authors: Hamdi Saibatul , Musthofa Khabib
Published: July 2021

Fenomena asusila abu-abu di YouTube menjadi sebuah problem yang berdampak buruk, jika konten-konten tersebut ditonton terutama bagi generasi muda. Padahal sejatinya, dalam Islam fenomena demikian dianggap sesuatu yang dapat menjatuhkan kehormatan. Prinsip maqasid syariah telah mengarahkan tujuan kehidupan ini menjadi lima dasar pokok atau kulliyat al-khamsah. Salah satu pengembangan dari kelimanya adalah hifz al-irdi (menjaga kehormatan). Maka konsep ini begitu penting sebagai upaya menyikapi tindakan asusila abu-abu di YouTube. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji tentang: (1) motif pembuatan konten asusila abu-abu; (2) wawasan Alquran mengenai hifz al-irdi; (3) hifz al-irdi sebagai etika bermedia sosial (YouTube). Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggali dan mengelaborasi ayat-ayat Alquran kemudian menghubungkannya dengan teori dan penelitian relevan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Konten asusila abu-abu sejatinya telah mewabah khususnya pada konten YouTube Indonesia. Di antara motif munculnya keinginan membuat konten asusila abu-abu adalah karena dorongan faktor popularitas atau ketenaran serta karena faktor ekonomi atau pendapatan (finansial). (2) Ada banyak ayat Alquran yang berbicara mengenai hifz al-irdi, namun salah satu yang relevan terdapat dalam QS. Al-Baqarah: 273 yang berbicara tentang anjuran menjaga kehormatan dengan cara tidak meminta-meminta. Konteks ayat ini dihubungkan dengan larangan membuat konten yang buruk hanya untuk popularitas dan finansial belaka. (3) Di antara panduan Alquran dalam membuat konten yang menjunjung tinggi hifz al-irdi adalah konten yang tidak merangsang (mendekati zina), memakai pakaian yang pantas, dan mengutamakan budaya malu.
Tantangan Agama di Era Globalisasi: Analisis Strategi Komunikasi, Karakteristik dan Materi Dakwah
Authors: Handaru Bara Izzat Wiwah
Published: July 2021

The revolution in technology and communication media in this era of globalization has made the phenomenon of Islamic da'wah experience significant progress globally. This can be seen when the da'wah style has used advances in information technology so that the da'wah message is more widespread that is able to touch international aspects. But in reality, this change in pattern gave birth to new problems in the world of da'wah. This article tries to answer the main problems formulated in the major questions, namely; What are the challenges of religion in the era of globalization, using an analysis of communication strategies, characteristics and material for da'wah? According to Gill Branston and Roy Stafford (2010), there are several points explained about globalization. First, approaches to globalized media. Explain how to approach da'wah in the use of global media. Second, global–local flows. Explain how far the development of the flow of da'wah ideas that have reached the global world. Third, global futures? Explain how changes will occur in the world of da'wah in the future global era. In the end, the research provides insight into the topic of the problem in this paper. First, practically the da'wah movement in information technology and media in the era of globalization is based on Islam rahmatan lil 'alamin. Even though on the other hand, the impact of the globalization process related to religious life is the increasingly diminishing space for human religiosity itself. Second, the orientation in spreading da'wah globally is ukhuwah basyariyah which always fosters brotherhood among human beings. The attitude of humanism regardless of religious background, skin color and race. Third, have hope in the waiting period for the day to come (Al-Muntazhar). A principle that gives good news about a bright future and the implementation of all social justice for all mankind.
Makna Material Culture dalam “Sarung” sebagai Identitas Santri
Authors: Sugiarto Toto
Published: July 2021

In material culture as a concept of local culture and nation heritage, “sarong” also has non-material value,  likes as a symbol of santri, heroism, social class, kindness and honor. Sarong with variuos size, color, motifs, and pattern shapes the person and society, even the identity of a nation, especially Indonesia. Sarong even became part of the symbol of religiosity and diversity of Indonesia. By borrowing Bung Karno's message that the task of future generations is nation character building, caring for and developing a sarong culture, it can be seen as an effort to care for and develop the nation's character. Therefore, this paper use approachs or perspectives : material culture concept, social class perspective, and nation characer building concept. Method of writing is literary studies and analysis content method by various in resorches  that support this article. The result of exprloration indicate that sarong can be the symbol  for nation building character and identity with meaning and history contents powerly.
Telaah Kritis Teologi Markus 16:15-18 tentang Meminum Racun Sebagai Bukti Keimanan Orang Percaya
Authors: Gandahanindija Danny
Published: July 2021

Mark 16:17-18 is often used by those who enjoy polemics to test believers in practicing their faith. Even if the verses’ claim is true, especially the one about believers drinking poison and will not die, they say they would be Christians. These verses are believed to have received some alterations so they can not be regarded as the Word of God anymore. This paper is intended to give a critical theological analysis on these verses. It uses inductive method to bring out the truth of the text by considering the context, the teaching of Christian theology and the accepted rules of interpretation. Through this procedure it is expected that readers can arrive at the appropriate understanding and prevent themselves from incorrect and misleading teaching. After an expository analysis, it is proved that there are no altered verses and thus these verses are believed to be the Word of God. God gave those miracles to convince unbelievers to believe what His disciples had done. God also performed the miracles to give signs that the disciples would experience life-threatening dangers while spreading the Gospel. It can be concluded that Mark 16:15-18 was meant not to test the believers’ faith but to accompany and protect the disciples from dangers in their evangelism ministry.

Abstrak

Markus 16:15-18 sering dipakai oleh para polemikus untuk dijadikan ujian iman bagi orang percaya dalam mempraktekkan kemurnian imannya. Bahkan jika klaim ayat ini benar, khususnya orang percaya minum racun dan tidak meninggal, mereka bersedia menjadi Kristen. Dan yang lebih fatal lagi dalam perikop ini dianggap sudah mengalami perubahan sehingga tidak bisa disebut sebagai Firman Tuhan. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memberikan telaah teologis kritis terhadap ayat-ayat diatas. Metode yang dipakai dalam telaah kristis ini dikenal sebagai induktif metode, yaitu dengan mengeluarkan kebenaran dari Teks. Dengan memperhatikan konteks, ajaran teologi kristen dan kaidah penafsiran yang benar didapatkan pemahaman yang tepat. Dengan demikian menghindarkan orang dari ajaran yang salah dan menyesatkan. Setelah dilakukan eksposisi pada perikop tersebut terbukti tidak ada ayat-ayat yang dirubah sehingga ayat tersebut dapat dipercayai sebagai Firman Allah. Mengenai maksud Allah memberikan tanda-tanda mujizat tersebut untuk meyakinkan orang yang belum percaya atas pekerjaan Allah yang di lakukan para murid. Juga Allah memberikan tanda mujizat, bila para murid mengalami bahaya yang mengancam nyawa mereka saat memberitakan injil. Sehingga penerapan ayat Markus 16:15-18 tersebut tidak dimaksudkan untuk menguji kemurnian iman orang percaya. Tetapi dimaksudkan untuk menyertai dan melindungi para murid dari bahaya maut dalam konteks penginjilan.
Kecerdasan Majemuk dan Karunia Roh Kudus
Authors: Prajitno Raindy
Published: July 2021

Pendidikan merupakan bagian penting di dalam kehidupan manusia. Tanpa pendidikan yang tepat, seseorang tidak akan mendapatkan pengetahuan yang tepat guna. Demikian juga jika pendidikan yang berkualitas tersebut dilihat dalam konteks Pendidikan Kristen maka akan menghasilkan pendidik-pendidik Kristen yang bermutu. Setiap insan milik Kristus harus menyadari keunikan dan kemampuannya sebagai Gambar Kristus. Tuhan memberikan kapasitas yang unik kepada setiap manusia, secara khusus manusia Allah. Kemampuan-kemampuan tersebut salah satunya disebut sebagai “kecerdasan”. Kecerdasan setiap individu sangat beragam dan semuanya memiliki arti. Itu sebabnya, tujuan di dalam karya ilmiah ini akan dipaparkan mengenai kecerdasan dalam konteks kecerdasan majemuk serta Karunia Roh Kudus dan relasi keduanya dalam kehidupan orang percaya, pendidik Kristen serta Pendidikan Kristen. Metode yang digunakan peneliti ialah kualitatif deskriptif atau yang disebut juga dengan metode neuroresearch. Metode ini merupakan studi tentang fenomena berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia yang diukur dari konstruk teologis hasil kajian eksegesis teks Alkitab sebagai dasar biblika. Hasil dan pembahasan memaparkan bahwa terdapat relasi antara kecerdasan majemuk dan karunia Roh Kudus, dimana Karunia Roh Kudus menyempurnakan kecerdasan majemuk dalam setiap individu Kristiani. Jadi, kecerdasan majemuk memiliki pararelisasi dengan Karunia Roh Kudus walaupun tidak semuanya dapat diselaraskan namun demikian karunia Roh Kudus melengkapi dan menyempurnakan kecerdasan majemuk. Kecerdasan majemuk tidak mempengaruhi kecerdasan intelektual.

Kata Kunci: Kecerdasan; Kecerdasan Majemuk; Karunia Roh Kudus
Pengaruh Spiritualitas Terhadap Perilaku Belajar Siswa
Authors: Mbeo Deni
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK
Spiritualitas mempunyai pengaruh yang vital terhadap perilaku belajar siswa. Spiritualitas siswa harus mempunyai dasar yang kokoh sehingga menghasilkan perilaku yang baik. Siswa sering kali berperilaku buruk terhadap teman, orang tua, guru bahkan diri sendiri karena diakibatkan oleh spiritualitas siswa yang tidak berkembang dengan baik. Demikian juga halnya dalam belajar, siswa yang memiliki spritualitas dapat memiliki perilaku yang baik. Perilaku belajar tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang pentingdalam proses pembelajaran.Spiritualitas sebagai dorongan akan kesadaran dalam meningkatkan belajar.Spiritualitas akan mempengaruhi perilaku belajar siswa ke arah positif, karena siswa menyadari pentingnya setiap proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh spiritual terhadap perilaku belajar siswa.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni teknik observasi dan angket terhadap siswa yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian. Pelaksanaan penelitian di Sekolah Dasar Teologi Kristen Pelita Permai-Surabaya, dengan jumlah responden 51 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh spiritulitas terhadap perilaku belajar siswa 80 persen. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa, apabila pengaruh spiritualitas dan perilaku belajar siswa adalah 70 persen. Selanjutnya, dari hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis diketahui nilai t hitung = 13,486 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, dengan demikian dari tabel tersebut menunjukkan H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, sehingga menunjukkan kedua variabel sangat berpengaruh dan signifikan antara Pengaruh Spiritualitas (X) terhadap Perilaku Belajar Siswa (Y). Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari upaya penelitian ini bahwa spiritualitas memiliki pengaruh sangat kuat atau signifikan terhadap perilaku belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PAK di Sekolah Dasar Teologi Kristen Pelita Permai-Surabaya.
Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Spiritualitas; Perilaku Belajar Siswa.
KAJIAN TEOLOGIS MAKNA INKARNASI KRISTUS DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA BAGI SPIRITUALITAS KRISTEN PADA KONTEKS PANDEMIK CORONA VIRUSES DISEASE 2019
Authors: Supriadi Made Nopen , Halawa Iman Kristina
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini berjudul kajian teologis makna inkarnasi Kristus dan implementasinya bagi spiritualitas Kristen pada konteks pandemik corona viruses disesase 2019. Latar belakang penulisan adalah pengamatan penulis terhadap beberapa fenomena dalam kehidupan praktis umat Kristen pada masa pandemik covid-19 yang mengalami degradasi, baik dalam hal kerelaan, pengorbanan, kerendahatian, kasih dan iman. Persoalan tersebut penulis yakini akibat masalah spiritualitas umat Kristen masa kini. Penulis mengamati fakta inkarnasi Kristus memberikan prinsip-prinsip spiritualitas yang dapat menjawab persoalan tersebut. Oleh karena itu melalui metode analisa deskriptif penulis akan melakukan kajian teologis makna inkarnasi Kristus dan hasil kajian tersebut akan menjadi dasar implementasi bagi spiritualitas Kristen masa kini. Harapan penulis melalui tulisan ini dapat menolong menambah wawasan dalam kehidupan spiritualitas Kristen masa kini.
Memahami Mandat Kebudayaan Dalam Upaya Melaksanakan Tugas Penatalayanan Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Tomusu Anita Yumbu
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan karena adanya dorongan keprihatinan terhadap banyaknya bencana alam yang terus terjadi di Indonesia, yang mengakibatkan kerusakan dan kerugian yang begitu besar. Banyak orang yang kehilangan tempat tinggal, harta benda bahkan nyawa mereka. Bencana alam yang terjadi pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kerusakan lingkungan hidup karena ulah manusia yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Gereja memiliki andil yang cukup signifikan untuk memulai memberikan kesadaran pada setiap orang percaya agar menjaga lingkungannya. Pemahaman yang benar tentang mandat kebudayaan akan mengubah cara pandang orang percaya terhadap lingkungannya sehingga melahirkan sikap dan tindakan baru dalam mengelola alam bagi kepentingannya. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menguraikan kajian biblikal mandat kebudayaan berdasarkan teks-teks Alkitab yang terdapat dalam Kejadian1-3. Dengan pendekatan hermeneutik. Hasil Analisa teks menyatakan bahwa Allah telah menempatkan manusia sebagai representatif Allah untuk melaksanakan tugas penatalayanan lingkungan hidup untuk kesejahteraan manusia dan keberlangsungan seluruh ciptaanNya.
Using theory of consumption values to predict organic food purchase intention: Role of health consciousness and eco-friendly LOHAS tendency
Authors: Köse Sirin G. , Kırcova İbrahim
Published: July 2021

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between eco-friendly LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) tendency, health consciousness, perceived value of organic food and organic food purchase intention in the framework of personality-perception-behavioral intention.Area of study: Turkey.Material and methods: Data were collected from consumers using structured questionnaires. The research model was analyzed with the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling technique.Main results: Results show that eco-friendly LOHAS tendency (β= 0.292, p<0.01), health consciousness (β=0.140, p<0.05), emotional value (β=0.282, p<0.01), and social value (β=0.099, p<0.05) positively influence intention to purchase organic food, whereas financial value and functional value were not significantly related to intention to purchase organic food. Furthermore, eco-friendly LOHAS tendency and health consciousness are positively related to all dimensions of perceived value of organic food.Research highlights: Findings point out that affective dimension of perceived value of organic food is more considerable than cognitive dimension in a developing country. Emotional value of organic food is more important for consumers who have high level of eco-friendly LOHAS tendency while functional value of organic food is more essential for consumers who a have high level of health consciousness.
Engaging Student Teachers in An Online Teaching Pedagogies Module during COVID-19
Authors: Tiernan Peter , O'Kelly Jane , Rami Justin
Published: July 2021

COVID 19 represented a major challenge for many educators, with teachers needing to pivot rapidly to using online learning tools in order to stay connected with their students. This was particularly relevant for teachers in the process of completing their Initial Teacher Education (ITE), whose programmes of study did not include online teaching components. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a module for teaching in online and blended learning environments for 244 post-primary teachers in ITE. This study begins by examining the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting pivot to online learning, this includes an overview of the challenges associated with online teaching. Next, the authors explain the module in detail, outlining the tools, strategies and activities provided for student teachers. This included peer-evaluated online micro-teaching components - which formed a major part of the learning. Data collection involved a questionnaire which gathered student teachers’ perceptions of the module and its approaches, the impact it had on their ability to teach during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the knowledge and skills useful for future practice. Findings suggested that the implementation of the developed module was successful in preparing student teachers to teach online, providing them with the tools and confidence necessary for success. Improvements suggested the development of differentiated pathways for student teachers who are more experienced with online teaching.
Government Size and Corruption: A Non-linear Analysis in the Case of EMCCA
Authors: Ondo Assoumou , Owono Ondo Beau Jency
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the relationship between Government size and corruption. Unlike the works in the way which suppose a linear relationship between the two variables, we estimate a panel with change of the modes to characterize the impact of the size of the Central Government on corruption, in the countries of the economic community and monetary of Central Africa (EMCCA). The results show that there is a non-linear relationship between these two variables. Indeed, a strong involvement of the Government in economic activity results in a significant increase in corruption when the Government exceeds a size of 13.5508% of the GDP.
Ethnobotanical Uses of Non-cultivated Edible Fruit Species in the Department of Oussouye (South Senegal)
Authors: Djihounouck Yves , Diop Doudou , Bassene Cesar , Sane Seyni , Noba Kandioura
Published: July 2021

Forests are an immense reservoir of biological resources and provide the local population with subsistence needs, especially for edible fruits. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the use modes of non-cultivate edible plant species in the area of Kasa, traditional name for the department of Oussouye. Ethnobotanical surveys, based on an interview guide, oral discussions and direct observations were conducted among 178 people from the department of Oussouye, stronghold of the Diola ethnic group. A factorial correspondence analysis highlighted the relationship between species and categories of use. The frequency of citation, informant consensus factor and use value showed the socio-cultural importance of the species. The data collected identified 62 edible species divided into 31 families and 54 genera. The fruit species inventoried are used for different purposes. They are a food source with 62% of citations, energetic 19%, technological 14%, medicinal 13%, cultural 6% and agronomic 2% for the populations. Two species stand out for their high use value factor (UVt). These were Elaeis guineensis (12.24) and Borassus aethiopum (7.56). In addition to their use value, species such as Mangifera indica, Neocarya macrophylla, Parkia biglobosa, Anacardium occidentale, Ceiba pentandra, Parinari excelsa, stood out for their categories and organs used. These results inform us about the level of use of fruit species for different needs and open up avenues for research in sustainable management of this resource with the aim of reducing poverty.
In vitro Bioassay of Allelopathic Activities of a Mangrove Tree, Kandelia obovata, and Fast-growing Trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, Using Protoplast Co-culture Method
Authors: Sasamoto Hamako , Yokota Shinso
Published: July 2021

Allelopathic activities of a salt-tolerant and low-temperature tolerant mangrove tree, Kandelia obovata, which grows in brackish water regions of sub-tropical areas, and two fast-growing trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, which grow in the temperate area, were examined by two in vitro bioassay methods, the sandwich method using dried leaves and the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts. Lettuce root growth examined by the sandwich method, was inhibited 50% by 50 mg dried mature leaves of K. obovata. In the protoplast co-culture method, inhibition rates of cell division of lettuce protoplasts were 31% and 69% by leaf protoplasts of K. obovata at densities of 1 × 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1, respectively. These results were compared with the inverse relationship between allelopathic activities and salt tolerance of mangrove plants of different families. B. platyphylla showed 37% inhibition by the sandwich method using dried young leaves, but only 10% inhibition at 5 × 104 mL-1 by the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts of B. platyphylla. Dried young leaves of P. alba showed 66% inhibition, but the leaf protoplasts at the density of 5 × 104 mL-1 showed highly stimulatory activity. Abscisic acid, of which contents in leaf protoplasts of three tree species varies from high to low in relation to salt tolerance and recalcitrance of tissue culture, was discussed as a putative allelochemical.
Compensation for Victims of Disasters
Authors: He Qihao , Faure Michael
Published: July 2021

Compensation for Victims of Disasters – A Comparative Law and Economic Perspective

This article provides a critical analysis of the compensation awarded for victims of disasters. First, general guiding principles of compensation are discussed. Next, various ways of government provided victim compensation, both during the disaster and ex post are critically reviewed. Then the article focuses on ex ante insurance mechanisms for victim compensation, arguing that insurance can play a role in disaster risk reduction. Finally, the article explains how the government can cooperate with insurers in a public-private partnership for victim compensation, thus facilitating the availability of disaster insurance.
Nutritive Value of BJRI Mesta-2 (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaves
Authors: Tareq Md. Zablul , Mollah Md. Abul Fazal , Sarker Md. Saiful Alam , Bashar Kazi Khayrul , Sarker Md. Delwar Hossain , Moniruzzaman Md. , Islam Syed Nazrul , Rafiq Md. Zahid Al , Sadat Md. Abu
Published: July 2021

The genus
Hibiscus
has more than 300 globally distributed species. This plant is well known for its bast fiber biogenesis, while its nutritional and medicinal values are largely ignored. Consequently, the nutritional properties of the Roselle variety, BJRI mesta-2, are unknown. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the nutritional composition of our selected Roselle tissues to support the nutritional requirements for humans in early summer in Bangladesh. Leaves were found to be a good source of calcium (2.7%), magnesium (1.6%), ash (7.34%), vitamin A (165.9%), and vitamin C (94.88%), whereas calyx was the potential source of potassium (1.9%), iron (422%), manganese (126%), and moisture (87.45%). Roselle seeds also have edible oil-producing capabilities, along with their nutritional properties. Our results indicate that BJRI mesta-2 can be an additional source of leafy vegetables, along with its herbal tea and edible oil contents.
Polish Youth Music Groups in the Vilnius Region. Generational Rebellion or Manifestation of Patriotism?
Authors: Bobryk Adam
Published: July 2021

Poles in the Republic of Lithuania are the best organized Polish minority abroad. They are represented at various levels of government, in the media, organizations, and there is an extensive system of education in their mother tongue. The cultural sphere is an important area of their activity. It is mainly focused on folklore. At the same time, there has appeared a number of youth groups performing various styles of music and functioning on the Lithuanian music market, which is, however, marginally covered in the press. Their work does not principally refer to the problems of the life of the Polish community, and it sometimes expresses critical content. However, these performers introduce the Polish language to a wide cultural circulation and strive for a slightly different shape of relations with the Lithuanian majority than the older generations perceive it. They also contribute to the integration of youth communities. Undoubtedly, the generational rebellion, which was often noticeable in the activities of the Polish musicians of young generation, was a response to the challenges of adulthood and, at the same time, constituted a form of patriotism.
The crisis of faith and its consequences in adult life
Authors: Tranda Hanna
Published: July 2021

The article defines a crisis in relations to faith and describes its consequences. The article also shows: reasons why people decide to leave the Church, reasons for changing denomination, as well as the paths to conversion.
Civilian CSPD Missions as European Union's Response to International Crises: Selected Aspects of Crisis Management
Authors: Lipka Mirosław
Published: July 2021

This article provides an overview of EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions’ crisis management achievements and challenges since 2003, in connection with the European External Action Service (EEAS), the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Directorate, and their respective roles. The analysis describes and evaluates the changes in the overall political and security context and the EU’s approach, suggesting some of the consequences in the launch and implementation of civilian CSDP Missions. The article also discusses the evolution of the EU’s integrated approach to external conflict and crises, and its cooperation with other security actors. The concluding remarks compare achievements and shortcomings of ongoing missions against their mandates and objectives, outlining some selected EU initiatives which aim at improving the EU’s performance in crisis management situations.
Is the Idea of Common European Army Strengthening the Security?
Authors: Nováková Dagmar
Published: July 2021

The paper is focused on the perspective of the common European army. There are several visions about the common European army in the speeches of the highest political representatives of Germany, France, and European Commission. The term European army can be understood in broader or narrower sense. Author proposes theoretical models of the common European army with their possible limitations and opportunities to prove successful. - the European Rapid Reaction Force, the European Battlegroups, single European intergovernmental army. These models differ according to the intensity of defense cooperation and integration of the Member States. The paper is aimed at the individual aspects of the supranational model of the common European army. The role of such common European army is significant in several areas.
Modeling Simulation of COVID-19 in Indonesia based on Early Endemic Data
Authors: Nuraini Nuning , Khairudin Kamal , Apri Mochamad
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has recently caused so much anxiety and speculation around the world. This phenomenon was mainly driven by the drastic increase in the number of infected people with the COVID-19 virus worldwide. Here we propose a simple model to predict the endemic in Indonesia. The model is based on the Richardâ€™s Curve that represents a modified logistic equation. Based on the similar trends of initial data between Indonesia and South Korea, we use parameter values that are obtained through parameter estimation of the model to the data in South Korea. Further, we use a strict assumption that the implemented strategy in Indonesia is as effective as in South Korea. The results show that endemic will end in April 2020 with the total number of cases more than 8000.
How Many Can You Infect? Simple (and Naive) Methods of Estimating the Reproduction Number
Authors: Susanto H. , Tjahjono V.R. , Hasan A. , Kasim M.F. , Nuraini N. , Putri E.R.M. , Kusdiantara R. , Kurniawan H.
Published: July 2021

This is a pedagogical paper on estimating the number of people that can be infected by one infectious person during an epidemic outbreak, known as the reproduction number. Knowing the number is crucial for developing policy responses. There are generally two types of such a number, i.e., basic and effective (or instantaneous). While basic reproduction number is the average expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible, effective reproduction number is the number of cases generated in the current state of a population. In this paper, we exploit the deterministic susceptibleinfected-removed (SIR) model to estimate them through three different numerical approximations. We apply the methods to the pandemic COVID-19 in Italy to provide insights into the spread of the disease in the country. We see that the effect of the national lockdown in slowing down the disease exponential growth appearedabout two weeks after the implementation date. We also discuss available improvements to the simple (and naive) methods that have been made by researchers in the field. Authors of this paper are members of the SimcovID (Simulasi dan Pemodelan COVID-19 Indonesia) collaboration.
The COVID-19 outbreak in Germany â€“ Models and Parameter Estimation
Authors: Heidrich Peter , SchÃ¤fer Moritz , Nikouei Mostafa , GÃ¶tz Thomas
Published: July 2021

Since the end of 2019 an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, called SARSâ€“CoVâ€“2, is reported from China and later also from other parts of the world. Since 21 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) reports daily data on confirmed cases and deaths from both China and other countries [1]. The Johns Hopkins University [2] collects those data from various sources worldwide on a daily basis. For Germany, the Robertâ€“Kochâ€“Institute (RKI) also issues daily reports on the current number of infections and infection related fatal cases and also provides estimates of several disease-related parameters [3]. In this work we present an extended SEIRDâ€“model to describe these disease dynamics in Germany. The model takes into account the susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and deceased fractions of the population. Epidemiological parameters like the transmission rate, lethality or the detection rate of infected individuals are estimated by fitting the model output to available data. For the parameter estimation itself we compare two methods: an adjoint based approach and a Monteâ€“Carlo based Metropolis algorithm.
An Entomological Model for Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval
Authors: Risriani Vania Mene , Anggraeni Tjandra , Nuraini Nuning
Published: July 2021

Identification of post-mortem interval started from the time when the dead body was found. The main question is to identify the time of death. In reality, the task is complicated since many local factors are involved in the process of decomposition. In most cases, the decomposition process is done by certain local insects that consume the biomass completely. This study uses a mathematical model for the post-mortem interval involving diptera and rabbit corpses as the biomass, based on experimental data from references. We formulate a type of logistic model with decaying carrying capacity only with diptera. The post-mortem interval is shown as the end period of consumption when larvae have entirely consumed the biomass. It is shown from the simulation that the decomposition lasts for 235 hours. The diptera are shown to disappear completely, leaving the remaining corpse after 120 hours.
Effects of Fogging and Mosquito Repellent on the Probability of Disease Extinction for Dengue Fever
Authors: Jr. Glenn Lahodny , Zevika Mona
Published: July 2021

A Continuous-Time Markov Chain model is constructed based on the a deterministic model of dengue fever transmission including mosquito fogging and the use of repellent. The basic reproduction number (R0) for the corresponding deterministic model is obtained. This number indicates the possible occurrence of an endemic at the early stages of the infection period. A multitype branching process is used to approximate the Markov chain. The construction of offspring probability generating functions related to the infected states is used to calculate the probability of disease extinction and the probability of an outbreak (P0). Sensitivity analysis is shown for variation of control parameters and for indices of the basic reproduction number. These results allow for a better understanding of the relation of the basic reproduction number with other indicators of disease transmission.
A Nonlinear Observer to Estimate the Effective Reproduction Number of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Hasan Agus
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we design a Nonlinear Observer (NLO) to estimate the effective reproduction number (Rt) of infectious diseases. The NLO is designed from a discrete-time augmented Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model. The observer gain is obtained by solving a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The method is used to estimate Rt in Jakarta using epidemiological data during COVID-19 pandemic. If the observer gain is tuned properly, this approach produces similar result compared to existing approach such as Extended Kalman filter (EKF).
No wait health care for children
Authors: Rosen Paul
Published: July 2021

Many health care organizations have delivery systems that produce waiting and delays for children and their families.  Families experience stress from having an ill child.  That stress is compounded by delays in care.  This article discusses the concept of removing waits for children and families seeking health care.  No waits can be achieved by the following: 1. Understanding the person centered perspective around  access to care. 2. Measuring and closing gaps in appointment supply-demand imbalances. 3. Adopting tools for continuous improvement. 4.  Meeting family expectations and  5. Using modern technologies for communication with families.
Family Medicine and Community Orientation as a New Approach to Quality Primary and Person-centered Care in Thailand
Authors: Pongsupap Yongyuth
Published: July 2021

Thailand’s health system, dating back to the 1880s, was traditionally anchored in hospital medicine. Thus, when the family medicine concept was introduced in the 1980s, it was immediately perceived as relating to a hospital-based doctor without a specific specialization. Workforce is a crucial issue for the reform. Overall shortage of human resources is not the only issue. In each facility there should be staff fit to function. The question of human resources can indeed  be tackled only when there is an agreement on what is expected from first line services that are close to the population.When the push for universal health coverage gained political momentum starting in Ayutthaya province, in the 1990s, primary care reform  became necessary and urgent . It was within this context that person-centered care, family medicine, and community-based care finally made headway in Thailand’s hospital-centred medical culture.  A strategy which proved instrumental in facilitating the reforms was that of ‘demonstration’ and ‘diffusion’. The idea behind the ‘demonstration health centers’ was to develop and demonstrate the family practice concept in a few selected areas in order to stimulate interest and demand for primary health care towards person- and people-centered care [1,2].  When the universal coverage policy was adopted some years later, family practice as a cornerstone for health sector development had already proven its worth and was therefore taken up as a tested model of care.
Desirable Objects of Evaluation for Measuring Person-Centered Medicine: Conceptual Considerations Drawing on African Insights
Authors: Van Staden Werdie
Published: July 2021

Developing instruments for measuring person-centered medicine (PCM) is faced with the challenge to formulate items or criteria by which the various aspects of person-centeredness may be identified and evaluated. In addition, consideration has to be given to the kinds of objects on which these items and criteria may be applied. This paper compares kinds of objects desirable for applying criteria of person-centeredness, including clinical consultations, health systems and Indaba shared story making. Informed by African insights, it favours the latter by reason of the validity and reliability Indaba shared story making seems to afford for measuring person-centeredness.
Introduction to Ethical Standards for Person-centered Health Research
Authors: Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

Trust in physicians is an essential part of the patient / physician dialogue, a relationship on which advances in medicine depend, be they new ideas or applications of old ideas to new situations. Trust is based on mutual understanding and a firm commitment by physicians to a code of ethics, which reflects the principles of beneficence, non-malfeasance, justice, fidelity and confidentiality with respect for the person. The four presentations at the 6th Geneva Conference by Dr. Otmar Kloiber, Secretary General of the World Medical Association; Dr. Marie-Charlotte Bouësseau from  Global Health Ethics of the World health Organization; Professor George N. Christodoulou,  World Federation for Mental Health; and Professor M.B. Vallotton, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, illustrate four different perspectives and provide important lessons for the future.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and the Construction of Person Centered Medicine
Authors: Mezzich Juan E , Appleyard James , Ghebrehiwet Tesfamicael
Published: July 2021

One of the core concepts of Person Centered Medicine is the cultivation and promotion of relationships at all levels. In fact, this concept is one the eight key ideas emerging from an ongoing study on the systematic conceptualization and measurement of person- and people-centered care. Interest in the importance of relationships in medicine and healthcare has been long and widely observed and has even led to attempts to rethink and organize medical care by focusing on this concept under terms such as relationship-based and relational medicine.
Interprofessional Care: Patient Experience Stories
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Schwind Jasna K.
Published: July 2021

Interprofessional care (IPC) has been discussed in the literature as having the ability to lower health care expenditures, decrease wait times, enhance patient health outcomes and increase healthcare provider (HCP) satisfaction with care-delivery. To date, limited research has been conducted on patients’ experiences of receiving IPC. Using Connelly and Clandinin’s Narrative Inquiry qualitative research approach, three participants were invited to engage in a modified version of Schwind’s Narrative Reflective Process, a creative self-expression tool that utilizes storytelling, metaphor selection, drawing, creative writing and reflective dialogue. Participants shared their stories, and selected and drew metaphors that best represent for them their experiences of receiving IPC. They were also asked whether or not they believe person-centered care was delivered to them. Collected stories were analyzed as per the three common places of Narrative Inquiry: temporality, sociality and place, as well as the three levels of justification: personal, practical and social. Told stories were examined through the theoretical lens of the National Canadian Interprofessional Competency Framework. Three narrative threads emerged within this study: communication, interprofessional team composition, and patient within interprofessional team. The findings appear helpful to inform educators, HCP, policy makers, and researchers, as they strive to enhance person-centered interprofessional care practice. For patients, a clear opportunity for their voices to be heard has been outlined.
New Patient Centered Approach to Unlock the Individual`s Potential to Adopt Healthy Lifestyles: Health Coaching
Authors: Cinar Ayse Basak
Published: July 2021

Health Coaching (HC), a patient-empowerment focused approach, is guided and supported by the medical professional, to facilitate patient to explore, unlock and activate his/her self-potential to adopt healthy lifestyles. HC, a whole person and also a population-based approach, can be defined as a system-wide innovation aiming positive social change. A NHS review showed that there is promising evidence about HC, particularly for supporting behaviour change. HC in our international intervention project, to our knowledge, is used for the first time as a holistic health promotion approach for oral health and diabetes type 2 (T2DM) management; in line with IDF-FDI (2007) declaration stating that oral health promotion should be part of diabetes management. The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of HC on oral health and T2DM management by use of clinical (HbA1c, periodontal health) and subjective measures (satisfaction with access to health care, frequency of physical activity, toothbrushing and dental visit) among T2DM patients. Our study`s preliminary results show that at post-intervention there was a significant reduction at HbA1c (Turkey:0.7%, Denmark:0.4%, p=0.001) in HC groups. The figures for HE groups were non-significant. Daily toothbrushing was correlated with change at HbA1c and regular physical activity in HC groups. Person-centered approach focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to improve the whole well-being of individual in daily life, and thereby the society, in line with WHO 2014 Geneva Declaration. HC, a promising new approach, can speak as one of the key implementations/approaches at health care-settings to meet this essentiality.
2015 London Declaration on Person- and People-centered Primary Care and Public Health
Authors: College of Person Centered Medicine International
Published: July 2021

2015 London Declaration on Person- and People-centered Primary Care and Public Health
Correlation Between CT-Based Bone Mineral Density and Kidney Stone Size and Their Association with 24-Hour Urinalysis Biometrics in Patients with Urinary Stones
Authors: Ganji Jameshouran Mohammad Ali , Abedi Amir Reza , Montazeri Saeed , Tasharrofi Mohammad Ali , Fallah Karkan Morteza , Mansouri Tehrani Mohammad Mersad
Published: July 2021

Background: The association between chronic nephrolithiasis and several systemic conditions has been established in previous studies. Patients with recurrent urinary stones generally experience more urinary calcium loss, resulting in a lower bone mineral density (BMD). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the standard imaging method for diagnosing a low BMD. However, imaging imposes significant cost and radiation burden on patients. Objectives: We aimed to assess the relationship between 24-hour urinalysis biometrics and bone mineral content, retrieved from non-contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is routinely preformed for urinary stone patients as a primary evaluation. Patients and Methods: The sample population for this retrospective study included urinary stone patients, undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) during 2015-2019, with available 24-hour urinalysis and CT imaging records. Stone size was defined as the maximum stone diameter on the CT image. BMD for each subject was also calculated at the vertebral L1 level, with CT attenuation measured in Hounsfield units (HU). According to the literature, a cutoff value of 160 HU was selected to distinguish normal BMD from low BMD. Results: The present results showed a significant association between the stone size and BMD (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with a low BMD had a higher urinary calcium excretion in the 24-hour urinalysis (P < 0.05). Evaluation of urine chemical composition and stone size demonstrated a significant association between hypercalciuria and urinary stone volume (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A low BMD detected by CT imaging in patients with urinary stones is associated with abnormal 24-hour urinalysis biometrics and larger stones; therefore, it should be properly assessed.
Intranasal Ketamine Versus Intravenous Ketorolac for Pain Control in the Renal Colic: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Khavanin Ali , Moezzi Meisam , Motamed Hassan , Parozan Samaneh , Hosseini Abdolreza
Published: July 2021

Background: Renal colic is one of the most common complaints among refereeing patients to the emergency department (ED). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are gold standards to relieve pain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intranasal Ketamine on pain control versus Ketorolac. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), the patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Ketorolac 30 mg was given intravenously to all patients in the control group, the patients in intervention group received 1 mg/kg drops of Ketamine intranasally. Pain severity, vital signs, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded after 60 minutes post-dose. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score after the first 5 minutes was lower in the intranasal Ketamine group compared to control (5 ± 2.26 vs. 8.62 ± 0.49, respectively; P < 0.001), which remained significant at the end of 60th minute (P < 0.001). Moreover, additional analgesics administration was higher in intravenous Ketorolac than intranasal Ketamine (22 vs 0%), which was significantly different (P = 0.001). Patients' satisfaction was higher in the intranasal Ketamine group compared to control (3.56 ± 0.35 vs. 1.82 ± 0.98, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Intranasal Ketamine was beneficial in controlling renal colic-induced pain, which could be prescribed as a treatment instead of normal treatment. It can rapidly improve pain relief in the short term, has lower AEs, and increases the patients' satisfaction.
The Trend of Scientific Productions on the Use of Herbal Medicines in Metabolic Disorders in the Middle East Countries
Authors: Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra , Nikfar Shekoufeh , Abdollahi Mohammad , Larijani Bagher
Published: July 2021

Context: Prevalence of metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and osteoporosis has been increased. Herbal medicine is an accessible, safe, and low-cost option in managing and caring for metabolic disorders. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of global scientific productions in herbal medications and metabolic disorders in the Middle East countries. Study Selection: Our search terms were “diabetes”, “dyslipidemia”, “obesity”, “osteoporosis”, “metabolic syndrome”, “herb”, and “herbal medicine” in Middle East countries through the Scopus database until January 2020. We analyzed the data regarding publication year, main journal, geographical distribution, document type, subject area, co-authorship network, the h-index of citations by Scopus analysis tools, Visualizing Scientific Landscapes (VOSviewer) version 1.6.4, and SPSS version 15. Results: Among 6408 global publications, most of the papers (> 85%) were original articles, and mostly (44.26%) were about dyslipidemia. A significant time-trend was shown in the number of documents (P < 0.001), mostly in 2019. Medicine and pharmacology were subject areas in > 80% of papers. The top country in the global publication number was Iran. The highest cited papers in dyslipidemia, obesity and osteoporosis were original articles from Turkey and Egypt, but in T2DM and MetS the highest cited paper was a review article from Iran. The top sources were “Phytotherapy Research” and “the Journal of Ethnopharmacology”. The top institutes were from Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia and the principal author in the co-authorship network assessment was from Iran. Conclusions: The time-trend growth in producing scholarly papers in the studied disorders is appreciated, but more evidence-based articles are still needed.