bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels During COVID-19 Pandemic and its Relation to Season, Sex and Age in Children
Authors: Sert Sadiye , Taner Alpaslan
Published: December 2024

We aimed to investigate variations in vitamin D levels (VDLs) during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and their relationship to season, sex, and age in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at an outpatient pediatric clinic, which included 4,262 children aged 1-18 years. The study cohort was divided into three groups: Group 1 (pre-pandemic), Group 2 (pandemic), and Group 3 (post-pandemic). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as a level below 12 ng/mL, insufficiency as a level between 12 and 20 ng/mL, and sufficiency as a serum level above 20 ng/mL. The pandemic cohort exhibited significantly lower VDLs compared with both the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic cohorts. Females had significantly lower VDLs than males. The prevalence of VDD was highest among adolescents. A significantly higher rate of VDD was observed in the pandemic group among the 6-11 and 12-18 age groups compared with both the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups. VDLs were significantly lower in spring and winter than in summer and autumn. Additionally, an inverse relationship was observed between age and VDLs. Our study revealed a significant prevalence of VDD in school-aged children and adolescents, with a notable decrease in VDLs observed during the pandemic compared with other time periods. Furthermore, our study highlighted the increased vulnerability of female adolescents to VDD.
Profesión, vocación e imagen de Antonio de Lebrija hasta 1950. De grammaticus a padre de la lingüística española
Authors: Pascual-Barea Joaquín
Published: December 2024

During his lifetime, Antonio de Lebrija forged his own image as restorer of Latin in Spain. Of the many facets that he developed as a humanist, it was his work as Latin grammarian and philologist that prevailed until the eighteenth century, when critics became especially interested in Lebrija’s contribution to the study of the Spanish language in his Gramática and his Reglas de Ortografía, as well as his dictionaries (Latin to Spanish and Spanish to Latin). In the subsequent centuries, Lebrija’s status as historian was also valued, as well as his contribution to other disciplines, especially his commentaries on religious texts, his pedagogical works and his poetry. Lebrija’s figure has also been used politically, both from the nationalist and conservative position of traditional Catholicism, founded on his patriotism and services to the Spanish crown and his dedication to sacred letters, and from a liberal and progressive ideology, which highlighted his firm defence of freedom of expression and reason against the principle of authority.
Urodzenia pozamałżeńskie w parafii Nowy Korczyn w latach 1751-1800
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Konrad
Published: December 2024

The article presents the issue of extramarital births in the parish of Nowy Korczyn in the years 1751–1800. The analyses were conducted using an aggregate method. In the birth records of the Nowy Korczyn parish, in the second half of the eighteenth century, 179 baptisms of illegitimate children were recorded, constituting 4.4% of all births. Such a percentage of births out of wedlock is similar to the results obtained for other urban‑rural parishes. Illegitimate births occurred significantly more often in the urban than in the rural part of the parish. In the Nowy Korczyn parish, there was a clear concentration of conceptions of illegitimate children in the spring and summer months. Twin births constituted a significantly larger percentage among illegitimate births than among legitimate births. Birth records do not contain too much information about the parents of illegitimate children, so the description of the social environment of people having such offspring is quite difficult. Most often, the data recorded in the records are limited to the name and surname of the mother. Fathers remain essentially anonymous in the records. It is known that a significant group of mothers of illegitimate children were migrants, but their territorial affiliation in the records remains a mystery. The baptismal names given to illegitimate children did not differ from the names given to legitimate offspring, although it is known that the parish clergy often stigmatized illegitimate children by giving tchem unusual and rarely occurring names. The selection of appropriate godparents for a child played an important role at that time. However, given that the social environment of the parents of illegitimate children has not been precisely identified, it is not possible to analyze their selection. Giving birth to an illegitimate child did not condemn a woman to lead a solitary life, as some of them later entered into marital relationships. The records also noted that some women had more than one child out of wedlock.
From stigma to choice: Illegitimate children in Basque culture
Authors: Mirgos Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the situation of illegitimate children in Basque culture from a historical perspective. To do this, the author examines the place of parenthood in Basque value systems and customs, as well as the position of women, including unwed mothers, and perceptions of illegitimate children, both in the past and the present. Attention is also drawn to the nature of institutional care for abandoned children. Based on field research, the author presents the fate of a specific abandoned child. Additionally, the text addresses the issue of newborn trafficking and illegal adoptions in Spain, as well as the cultural changes that have occurred in this country and in the Basque region in the twentieth and twenty‑first centuries.
Uprzywilejowywanie i wykluczanie. Pozycja dziecka w rodzinie w Prusach w XIX w. w świetle Powszechnego prawa krajowego dla państw pruskich
Authors: Śpica Paweł
Published: December 2024

The article presents the position of the child in the family in the light of the General National Law for the Prussian States from 1794, seen from a historical‑pedagogical perspective. It discusses the rights and duties of children, the extent of parental authority, and the situation of children born in morganatic marriages, children of divorced persons, illegitimate children, adopted children, and so‑called wards, i.e., orphaned or abandoned children without parental care.

The analyses conducted reveal a feudal mentality’s influence on the perception of the child through the lens of their position in social stratification and their birth circumstances. Prussian law clearly favored children born within legitimate marriages at the expense of offspring from other types of relationships. It also upheld a patriarchal family model with the father’s redominant influence on the direction of a child’s education and future.
Sacred or Scandalous?: How to Approach Depictions of Genitals in Medieval Art
Authors: Welie-Vink Wendelien A.W.
Published: December 2024

Miniatures depicting the Wounds of Christ figure in many medieval manuscripts. These fascinating images look weird and alienating, without the body they were inflicted on. They also invoke the feeling we are looking at something scabrous because of their similarity to a vulva. It is uncomfortable: these miniatures depict a sacred matter, the Wounds of Christ. There shouldn’t be an association with something vulgar. Is this strange resemblance maybe a product of a dirty mind. The article attempts to answer the question: How should one approach depictions of the Wounds of Christ in medieval art? Are such depictions sacred, or scandalous?
Preventive Detention on Remand in Pre-Trial Proceedings from the Point of View of Theory and Practice
Authors: Čentéš Jozef , Beleš Andrej
Published: December 2024

In the article the authors pay attention to the detention on remand, which is the most serious procedural interference in the system of criminal law means to the personal liberty of an individual, accused of a crime. This institute is characterised in terms of national and international aspects of protection of the individual who has been taken into detention on remand. The authors pay special attention to the reasons for the so-called preventive detention on remand in pre-trial proceedings from the point of view of theory and application practice of courts.
Digital Political Dynamics: The Influence of Social Media on Election Participation, in the 2024 Election
Authors: Sulistya A Astrid , Lianingsih Nestia
Published: December 2024

The 2024 election in Indonesia is an important moment that shows the significant role of social media in increasing voter participation, especially among the younger generation. This study uses a mixed methods approach to analyze the influence of social media on political participation. The results of a survey of 1,000 respondents showed that 85% actively use social media, and 75% feel more involved in the election process after being exposed to digital campaigns. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok are the main channels for disseminating political information. Content analysis shows that socio-economic issues, pluralism, and the environment are the dominant themes that attract the attention of young voters. This study highlights the importance of strict regulations to prevent the spread of false information and ensure the quality of democracy through social media.
Update of Critical Illness Neuromyopathy
Authors: Park Soo-Hyun , Kim Nam-Hee
Published: December 2024

Critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) is a common yet frequently overlooked complication in intensive care units (ICU). CINM often results in prolonged ventilator dependence and persistent limb weakness, significantly impacting patient recovery and long-term quality of life. CINM can be categorized into two primary subtypes: critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM). These conditions frequently arise in the context of severe sepsis, multiple organ failure, or as adverse effects of certain medications used in the ICU. This review aims to provide a concise overview of CINM, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and current clinical management strategies.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Myositis in a Patient with Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Chung Seok , Kim Soo-Hyun , Lee Sung Rok , Choi Young-Chul , Park Hyung Jun
Published: December 2024

An 83-year-old man with cholangiocarcinoma developed immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myositis after two cycles of durvalumab, presenting with muscle weakness and myalgia. His serum creatine kinase (CK) level peaked at 26,329 U/L. Needle electromyography confirmed a myogenic process, and MRI revealed extensive muscle edema. Muscle biopsy indicated multifocal necrotic fibers. Following steroid treatment, his CK levels normalized and muscle strength returned. This case represents the first reported instance of durvalumab-associated myositis in Korea.
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN SUPPLY CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF YUNUS TEXTILE MILLS
Authors: Khan Raza , Khalil Adnan , Saeed Arfa
Published: December 2024

Textile sector of Pakistan is one of the great contributors in country’s economy, and also the key contributor in making the environment polluted. Textiles have lengthy and complex supply chains (SC) which have crucial role in sustainability. Energy intensive business processes, excessive use of water and hazardous chemicals, use of synthetic yarns and fibers, make it crucial to implement sustainable practices in SC of textile industries. Pakistani textile sector does not fully adopt the sustainable practices that are being used around the world and it is not immediately clear to what extent the practices used in the local industry benefit the environment. The objective of this study is the analysis of ongoing sustainable practices of Yunus Textile Mills (YTM), impact of those sustainable practices and review of international sustainable practices that can be implemented at YTM. In this research quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used along with Triple Bottom Line Approach of Sustainability. Data gathered through business publication, onsite surveys & interviews. Results obtained from the study shows that sustainable practices used by Yunus textile have positive impact on environment.
CULTURAL REFLECTIONS IN PAKISTANI RAP MUSIC: A STUDY OF 'THE SIBBI SONG' AND 'KARACHI CHAL’
Authors: Taj Inamullah , Ameen Maliha
Published: December 2024

This study probes into a comparative multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) of two influential Pakistani rap music videos ‘The Sibbi Song’ by Abid Brohi and ‘Karachi Chal’ performed by Young Stunners, a rap duo consisting of Talha Anjum and Talhah Yunus to explore their portrayal of societal hierarchies and individual identity. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of MDA the analysis has discovered the linguistic, visual, aural, spatial, and gestural elements of each video. The first video portrays the protagonist’s journey from innocence to success, while the other highlights urban working-class struggles through nuanced examination. Major findings reveal themes of resilience, social change, and identity negotiation of urban life and cultural expression in Pakistan’s diverse societal fabric which individuals from distinct cultural backgrounds often use to express their norms and values through various forms of visual arts and entertainment. Furthermore, the global phenomenon of rap music has gained significant traction, offering a platform for contemporary rap music artists in Pakistan to articulate their unique identities, confrontations, and triumphs as a cultural shift towards self-expression.
ASSESSING RUSSO-SYRIAN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS (1960s-2015)
Authors: ABIMBOLA Damilola , ADEMUYIWA Akin , SOILE Oluwaseun
Published: December 2024

This article examined the accounts of diplomatic relations between Russia and Syria. It interrogated a significant aspect of global politics, where the interaction of geopolitical interests, ideological affinities, and regional influences played defining roles in shaping this diplomatic association from the height of the Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s to the Syrian Civil War that began in 2011. This scope allowed extensive research into the changing nature of Russo-Syrian relations, providing a diverse revelation into their historical evolution. This article relies on a wide array of primary sources, including diplomatic records, as well as secondary sources offering useful context and perspective. The primary aim was to reveal the motivations and strategies that steered diplomatic exchanges between them and the real-political considerations that formed the basis of their engagement. Moreover, this article considered the ramifications of Russo-Syrian relations on the broader Middle East region and how partnership affected regional stability, conflict, and the distribution of power such as the Soviet Union's support for the Ba'athist regime in 1963, Syria's involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1967, and Russia's military intervention in the Syrian civil war in 2015. Through historical evaluation, this article contributes to an understanding of international relations and their implications for security and stability.
SCHIFF BASE FROM L-Glycine and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde AND ITS COMPLEXES WITH Co(II) and Cu(II): SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Adesina A. D. , Ahmad M. A. , Akinsulure O. B. , Adewale R. I. , Hassan A. I. , Sobowale A. O. , Yusuf A. A.
Published: December 2024

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of Schiff base ligands derived from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and L-glycine. The Schiff base was synthesized using a base catalyst (Potassium hydroxide). The derived Schiff base was reacted with metal salts (Cobalt (II) chloride pentahydrate and Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate) to form Schiff base-metal complexes. The synthesized Schiff base, (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino) acetic acid and its metal complexes were characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and solubility in selected solvents. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized complexes was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli using standard agar diffusion method. The result demonstrated that the metal complexes exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the Schiff base. The result shows the potential of the complexes as antimicrobial agents, highlighting the importance of metal-amino acid interactions in enhancing biological activity.
HEAVY METALS AND PHTHALATES IN WATER, SOIL AND PLANT FROM AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC VILLAGES IN ABEOKUTA
Authors: Adesina A. D. , Sojinu S. O. , Aikulola E. O. , Salako J. O.
Published: December 2024

Phthalates and heavy metals are very toxic and are environmental pollutants. This study was aimed at determining the concentrations of phthalates and heavy metals in water from selected mechanic villages in two locations in Abeokuta (Idi-aba and Camp). The soil, plant and water samples were digested with concentrated HNO3 and analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. High Performance Liquid Chromatography- UV Spectrometer was used to quantify phthalates in the water samples which include Diethyl phthalates (DEP), Di-n-propyl phthalates (DPP), Di-n-butyl phthalates (DBP) and Diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP) prior to which the water samples had been extracted with dichloromethane and cleaned-up into fractions. The result indicated the presence of all metals considered. The concentrations were compared with WHO (World Health Organization) standards. The result showed that Fe had the highest concentrations in all samples varied from 0.3 - 0.7 mg/L as against WHO standard (0.3 mg/L). The result obtained from the phthalates analysis showed that DEHP was present in all the samples obtained from the mechanic villages which is a common phthalate pollutant with concentration ranging between 0.02 to 3.53 ppb. The result obtained showed that in all the soil samples, Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) had the highest concentration ranging from 30.6 - 90.9, 111.5 - 137.6 and 7.7 - 8.0 mg/kg as against their WHO benchmarks (36, 85 and 0.8 mg/kg) respectively. The concentration of the heavy metals and phthalates showed that the activities of the mechanic villages have moderate effect on the soil, plant and water samples.
Responsabilidad Social y Gremios Empresariales: Un Estudio de la sostenibilidad en el Sector Logístico del Caribe Colombiano
Authors: Zapata Morán María Gabriela
Published: December 2024

La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) desde la perspectiva de los gremios empresariales implica que las organizaciones afiliadas a un gremio asuman un compromiso ético y social en sus prácticas comerciales y operativas. Este estudio, realizado en el gremio empresarial FITAC, centrado en el sector logístico y portuario en Colombia, empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se llevaron a cabo un total de 40 entrevistas, con actores clave como directivos, trabajadores, aliados, afiliados y representantes de la sociedad civil impactada por las actividades del gremio. El análisis, permitió identificar dimensiones como Territorio, Comunidad y Calidad de Vida; Desarrollo, Sostenibilidad y Vulnerabilidad; y Políticas Públicas, Gobierno y Derechos Laborales. Los resultados muestran que los gremios actúan como mediadores entre políticas gubernamentales y comunidades, enfrentando desafíos ambientales y sociales. Además, el análisis de conglomerados reveló correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones y subcategorías, validando la estructura conceptual del estudio.
Elementos de la publicidad política en campañas electorales: Análisis de spots de la campaña presidencial de México 2018 desde la cooperación estratégica
Authors: Marañón Felipe
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general analizar los elementos que destacan en la publicidad política de los candidatos a la presidencia e identificar si éstos tenían relación con el partido político que lo publicó. Se realizó un análisis de contenido a los spots presentados durante la campaña presidencial de 2018, y se encontró que el estilo dramatizado sigue siendo el más utilizado dentro de los spots políticos, en el caso de México fue utilizado preponderantemente por la alianza del PRI, PVEM y el PANAL. La coalición de PAN, PRD, y MC se relacionó más con el estilo musical de los spots, mientras que MORENA, PT y el PES utilizaron más el de Toma de posición.
Estrategias de inocuidad y calidad: un caso de estudio en panificación
Authors: Delgado Mechato Emilly Ariana , Ibañez Peña Alicia del Rosario , Ancajima Miñán Víctor Angel
Published: December 2024

Este libro presenta un análisis sobre la Panificadora “La Unión” y el papel crucial que desempeñan la calidad y la inocuidad en el comercio alimentario actual. Fundada en 1998, la empresa busca expandirse y mejorar sus estándares sanitarios mediante la implementación de un sistema de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM). El estudio incluye un diagnóstico de sus operaciones basado en las BPM, efectuado a través de visitas e inspecciones según la Norma Técnica Sanitaria pertinente. La investigación revela deficiencias en almacenamiento, procesos, y prácticas de higiene, junto con la falta de registros adecuados y capacitación del personal. Como solución, se desarrolla un Manual de BPM y un sistema de registros para asegurar el cumplimiento de las normas sanitarias y mejorar la eficiencia operativa de la panificadora.
Propuesta de la construcción de vivienda de interés social utilizando materiales sostenibles en el sitio Joa de Jipijapa
Authors: Parrales Cantos Glider Nunilo
Published: December 2024

Este estudio propone la construcción de viviendas de interés social en el sitio Joa, del cantón Jipijapa, utilizando materiales sostenibles para abordar el problema de la escasez de vivienda adecuada y el impacto ambiental de la construcción tradicional. El objetivo es evaluar la viabilidad técnica y económica de implementar un enfoque bioclimático en el diseño de estas viviendas. Se empleó una metodología mixta que incluyó revisión bibliográfica, análisis de casos y encuestas a los residentes locales, cuyos resultados indican que el uso de materiales sostenibles no solo reduce la huella ambiental, sino que también ofrece beneficios económicos a largo plazo, como el ahorro energético y la mejora en la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Se concluye que la adopción de prácticas constructivas sostenibles es viable y necesaria para el desarrollo urbano responsable en la región.
KUALITAS KERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR LURAH DUSUN SAROLANGUN KECAMATAN SAROLANGUN KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Nugraheni Yosi , Rahmah Sitti
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap kinerja pegawai Kantor Lurah Dusun Sarolangun, Kecamatan Sarolangun, Kabupaten Sarolangun, Provinsi Jambi, khususnya dalam hal waktu penyelesaian layanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas kerja pegawai dan mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan tugas. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, dengan melibatkan 9 informan yang terdiri dari 5 pegawai dan 4 masyarakat. Kerangka teoretis yang digunakan mengacu pada konsep kinerja TR Mitchel dalam Sedarmayanti (2021:51), yang mencakup dimensi kualitas kerja, ketepatan waktu, inisiatif, kemampuan, dan komunikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pegawai tergolong "Cukup Baik", namun terdapat beberapa kendala signifikan, terutama terkait keterbatasan sarana prasarana dan kurangnya program pelatihan di bidang administrasi dan teknologi.
SANATSAL İFADE BİÇİMLERİNDE MODERN’DEN POSTMODERN’E DÖNÜŞÜMÜN TEMEL TAŞLARI
Authors: Öznülüer Abdulkadir
Published: December 2024

Sanat tarihi bizlere sanatın tarihini anlatırken, sürekli devinim halinde olan ve kendini durmadan yenileyen sanatçının ruh halini de gösterir. Buradan yola çıkarak her sanatçının kendi çağ koşulları çerçevesinde ilerleme kaydettiğini de görmekteyiz. Modern döneme gelene değin yaşanan tüm gelişmeler sanatta bir modern dönem yaşanacağını gösterdiği gibi modern dönem sanatının da evrilerek yeni bir döneme doğru aktığını yaşanan gelişmelerden anlamaktayız. Burada yeni bir sanat dönemine dönüştürecek çapta büyük etkisinin olduğunu gördüğümüz kırılma noktalarının ortaya çıktığını tespit etmekteyiz. Bu kırılma noktaları çok fazla olabilir fakat değişime gidecek büyük enerji sadece bir kaçından ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum her sanatçının bakış açısına göre değişebilir. Fakat genel geçer olarak çoğunluğun da kabul ettiği bazı kırılma noktaları vardır ki tek başına düzenli bir çizgiyi oluştuğu andan itibaren eğip bükebilir veya kırabilir. Bu yaşanan gelişme kendinden sonraki tüm gelişmeleri doğrudan veya dolaylı bir şekilde etkileyecek ve ona yeni anlamlar katacaktır.
Modernizmden postmodernizme dönüşüm için gerekli büyük çapta enerji ortaya çıkarmış bu gelişmeleri çalışmamızda bir araya toplayarak, neden sonuç ilişkisi içerisinde, kronolojik bir şekilde ele almaktayız. Dönüşümün itici gücü haline gelen bu temel taşların nasıl meydana geldiği ve kendinden sonra nelere sebep olduğu ile ilgili tespitler yer alacaktır. Nihayetinde modernizmin hangi evrelerden geçtiği ve postmodernizme nasıl dönüştüğü konusunda analizler çalışmamıza konu olmuştur.
REFLECTION of SEED FORM on SUSTAINABLE CERAMIC ART WITH BIOPHILIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Authors: Salman Canan , Korkmaz F. Deniz
Published: December 2024

The study is based on the concept of biophilia, which expresses an interest in natural areas, actions and entities. Biophilia, which is a theme in architecture and interior design in general, is considered in this study as a source of artistic design. For this reason, the aim of creating a series of works with interdisciplinary expression, thanks to the process phenomenon that will be created by the integrated development of living life forms with art forms, is what makes the work different and original. Hegel's dialectical understanding, Anaxagoras' seed arch and biophilic design principles are combined with artistic productions inspired by the seed form. A process art has been created on ceramic art forms into which plants and seeds are placed. The result is ceramic forms designed with biophilic design principles at the intersection of sustainability, process art and biophilia. The elements of nature are integrated into art ceramics.
Identifikasi Kandungan Boraks pada Bakso di Pasar Beringharjo
Authors: Suryanto Andri , Firara Dhista Asa
Published: December 2024

Boraks adalah salah satu jenis Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP) yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam makanan. Walaupun pengunaan boraks telah dilarang, para produsen makanan yang tidak bertanggung jawab masih menambahkan boraks sebagai BTP pada produk pangan mereka. Jenis penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan boraks pada semua jenis bakso tidak bermerek yang dijual di Pasar Beringharjo Yogyakarta Tahun 2024 dengan menggunakan data primer yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi. Hasil pengujian kualitatif terhadap 25 sampel bakso tidak bermerek dengan menggunakan indikator ekstrak ubi jalar ungu menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel tidak teridentifikasi mengandung boraks yang ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya perubahan warna pada indikator ekstrak ubi jalar ungu menjadi biru kehijauan. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dengan menggunakan indikator ekstrak ubi jalar ungu dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakso tidak bermerek yang dijual di Pasar Beringharjo  Yogyakarta tahun 2024 sebanyak 25 (100%) sampel tidak mengandung boraks.
Unloading Coal Exposure: Where Are We and What Can Chinese Banks Do?
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Yan , Liu Shuang
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the progress, practices, and action framework employed by banks to reduce and eliminate coal exposure. It introduces a three-step framework designed to guide banks in establishing procedures that can also be applied to other fossil fuels. The paper recommends that Chinese banks strategically manage global coal relationships and collaborate internationally. By detailed planning and sustained efforts, Chinese banks can gain a competitive edge from coal exit.
Transforming the West Sumatra Police Hall: Retrofitting Strategies for a Multifunctional Facility
Authors: Sahputra Deded Eka
Published: December 2024

The West Sumatra Regional Police Hall, initially designed as an open sports facility without a roof, is repurposed into a multifunctional center for sports activities, social events, and disaster emergency response. The existing structure, a portal frame of reinforced concrete columns and beams, requires strengthening due to budget constraints that prevent its demolition and reconstruction. This study aims to evaluate the structural performance of the building after retrofitting to accommodate additional loads, including a truss frame and roof coverings. The jacketing method is used for column retrofitting, involving an increase in cross-sectional dimensions and additional reinforcement to enhance the structure’s strength and stiffness. Structural analysis shows that the original building lacks adequate capacity to withstand internal and external loads. Post-retrofitting, the analysis demonstrates significant improvements, including reduced shear forces and bending moments in columns and beams, minimized inter-level deflections, and compliance with column interaction diagrams. These enhancements ensure the building is structurally safe, particularly against seismic hazards, and capable of fulfilling its new functions. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the jacketing method for retrofitting and its potential application in similar structural repurposing projects.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Ester‐Imide) S Based on Imide Dicarboxylic Acid with Dihydroxy Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Baqer Hussein Nadia
Published: December 2024

By using dibutyltine dilaurate as a catalyst in the polycondensation of imide dicarboxylic acid and aromatic diols, two thermally stable and organosoluble poly(ester-imide) s were created. One mole of orthochlorobenzaldehyde and 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was condensed, respectively, with p-hydroxy acetophenone to yield two phenolic compounds. Two Imide compounds were prepared from the reaction of Pyromellitic anhydride, and 3,3,4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with anthranilic acid respectively. The structural properties of the poly (esters-imide)'s were verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis of the synthesized polymers.
Compulsory Pre-marital Thalassemia Screening to Mitigate the Burden of Thalassemia Major on Society and Healthcare System of Pakistan
Authors: Ghafor Faryal , Ali Tariq
Published: December 2024

Thalassemia imposes a significant burden on both society and the healthcare system of Pakistan, with high prevalence rates and substantial financial implications. Pre-marital thalassemia screening emerges as a crucial strategy to alleviate this burden by identifying carriers early and enabling informed reproductive choices. Despite the evident need, Pakistan currently lacks infrastructure and awareness for such screening programs. This paper advocates for compulsory pre-marital thalassemia screening as a proactive measure to reduce the incidence of thalassemia major and its associated healthcare costs. Drawing on successful models from other countries, it proposes an action plan involving policy implementation, public awareness campaigns, healthcare infrastructure development, and professional training. By addressing challenges such as infrastructure gaps, societal misconceptions, and ethical considerations, Pakistan can effectively combat the spread of thalassemia, thereby enhancing public health outcomes and alleviating the strain on healthcare resources.
Survey of Computer Network Traffic Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Mohammed Osama Yassin , Saleh Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a literature review and experimental scenario for network construction; the paper analyzes the network traffic analysis status with artificial intelligence algorithms such as machine learning (ML), ensemble learning, and deep learning for study about analysis in traffic, cybersecurity, balanced loading of network and prediction the traffic moving. The technical aspects of AI are used to analyze and detect attacks or conjunctions for large amounts of network data, thereby detecting anomalies or malicious activities that affect networks. Also, when training deep learning such as convolution neural networks (CNN) or recurrent neural networks (RNN) for datasets (historical data), learn benign network behavior as well as anomalies that may result from malicious activities. The paper introduces how AI technology is used to detect security threats and analyze networks on an outstanding basis.
Digital Currencies in Pakistan and their Potential Role in Global Economic Relations: An Analysis
Authors: Rehman Atiq ur , Khalil Sadia
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the emergence of digital currencies in Pakistan and their potential role in reshaping the nation's position in global economic relations. It assesses the latest trends concerning the regulation of the technology and its exploration, drivers of adoption, and key impediments to its deployment. Including both qualitative information gathered during review of policy documents and policy, as well as quantitative analysis of assumed economic variables. Though Digital currencies are restricted by low internet connectivity and mobile phone smart device adoption in Pakistan the progress of payment systems Such as JazzCash & Easypaisa indicates future progress. But challenges such as blockchain readiness and cybersecurity are still need to be discussed. For blockchain to be fully adopted, there is need to pursue more investment in educating talent, and the regulatory framework. Security is key to the public trust and so it is important to secure wallets, payments and transactions data in particular. Opportunities and threats exist in Pakistan’s regulatory environment, nonetheless the prospects for developing the CBDCs still exist. Solving these challenges entail to define legal status, to simplify the process of licensing and to protect the consumer’s rights effectively. E-commerce conducted through the use of incorporative payment services in combination with CBDCs provides an opportune means of boosting Pakistan’s financial and economic outlook by catalyzing remittances transfer, cutting on cost, and expediting cross-border transfers as well as increasing access to financial services. Educational campaigns, influence from friends or relatives, and new trust-building JVs can successfully improve the situation with the adoption of digital currencies in Pakistan. There are also likely to increase the adoption of CBDCs, blockchain payment platforms, and mobile wallets if the efforts are implemented effectively.
Fostering Sustainable Development in Sports: The Role of Participative Coaching on Self-Confidence and Self-Efficacy of Student-Athletes
Authors: Pestano Rayvin Domingo , Salazar Narciso Lastimosa , Jesus Jennifer Taylan De , Martin Jonar Tumali , Santos Michael Enriquez , Miller Jumel Cosape , Manalad Enrico Pascua , Fernandez Melane Martin , Villanueva Adonis Voltaire Malarulat , Narciso Haynes Angelo Aquino , Fuentes Marimar Banquil , Roque Antonette Roxainne Yambot , Soriano Princess Bonifacio , Cruz Jasmine Eusebio Dela , Pestaño Jovelyn Velasquez
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of participative coaching style on the self-confidence and self-efficacy of student-athletes, with the aim of understanding how involving athletes in decision-making, goal-setting, and collaborative practices contributes to their belief in their abilities and overall performance.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research builds on Self-Determination Theory to examine how a participative coaching style influence self-confidence and self-efficacy in student-athletes.
 
Method: the study used descriptive-correlational design to describe the student-athletes perception on participative coaching style, self-confidence and self-efficacy, while Pearson correlation was utilized to test the relationship among variables.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that participative coaching is widely embraced by student-athletes, contributing to high levels of self-confidence and self-efficacy. Significant correlations were found between participative coaching and key components of selfconfidence and Self-Efficacy.
 
Research Implications: The results emphasize how participative coaching effectively promotes both mental and emotional growth, alongside enhancing athletic performance. Additionally, it underscores the importance of a comprehensive coaching approach that nurtures both the personal and athletic development of student-athletes.
 
Originality/Value: This study offers new insights into how participative coaching influence student-athletes' self-confidence and self-efficacy, areas that are not well-studied. It shows that involving athletes in coaching not only enhances their skills but also supports their mental growth, leading to more well-rounded development.
Educational Transformation Through Local Values: Exploring the Effects of Lebur Anyong and Saling Sedok on Community Engagement and Learning Outcomes in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Karomi Karomi , Arifin Imron , Mustiningsih  , Citriadin Yudin
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study investigates the integration of local cultural values, specifically Lebur Anyong and Saling Sedok, into educational practices in East Lombok Regency, with a focus on their impact on school culture formation and educational outcomes.
 
Theoretical Framework: Drawing from theories of multicultural education, inclusive pedagogy, and community-based learning, the research explores how these traditions promote community engagement, enhance social interaction, and improve academic performance while aligning with broader educational frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Johnson’s cooperative learning model.
 
Method: Employing a qualitative case study design, the research involved observations, in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, and community leaders, and document analysis of school policies and curricula. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo, ensuring rigor through triangulation, member checking, and adherence to ethical guidelines.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that Lebur Anyong fosters robust community involvement and Saling Sedok enhances interpersonal relationships, contributing to harmonious and inclusive learning environments. These values significantly improve student motivation and academic performance. However, challenges in integrating these values with rigid national curricula and variability in outcomes across schools underscore the need for flexible curricular strategies, proactive leadership, and sustained professional development.
 
Research Implications: This study highlights the importance of culturally contextualized education and its potential to inform inclusive policy development and practice. It emphasizes the transformative role of local traditions in creating relevant and responsive educational models, particularly in culturally rich regions.
 
Originality/Value: By exploring the integration of Lebur Anyong and Saling Sedok, this research offers a novel contribution to the discourse on culturally grounded education, providing actionable insights for improving school culture and educational quality.
Review of Therapeutic Management in Necrotizing Pancreatitis and Case Presentation at a Secondary Care Level
Authors:   Fourth-year General Surgery Resident, Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Cancun. Postgraduate program, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatán., Pérez Rosalía Karina González , Ferretiz María de los Ángeles Martínez ,   Course Director of General SurgeCry Specialty, General Hospital of Cancun.
Published: December 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreatic parenchyma, resulting from the premature activation of pancreatic zymogens, with local and systemic repercussions. It represents one of the main causes of hospital admission for gastrointestinal pathologies, with predominant etiologies such as biliary (32-49%) and alcohol consumption (20-31%). Management depends on the severity and complications present. Although open laparotomy was historically used, minimally invasive techniques have demonstrated superiority in terms of clinical outcomes. Surgical options include open, percutaneous, laparoscopic and endoscopic necrosectomy, the selection of which depends on factors such as the availability of resources, surgical skills and the clinical condition of the patient.
Integration of Customary Law in The National Legal System Comparative Study of Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Febrianty Yenny , Ghapa Hasliza , Ahmad Asmida
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Customary law shapes and protects indigenous cultural identity and rights in the face of rapid modernity. However, customary law incorporation into national legal systems, notably in Malaysia and Indonesia, remains difficult. Both nations recognize and integrate customary law into their legal systems, but disparities in indigenous peoples' land, forestry, and natural resource management rights enforcement and protection exist.Purposes of the Research: The study's main objectives are to (1) understand and evaluate customary law's inclusion into Malaysia and Indonesia's legal systems and (2) determine the best framework for this incorporation given the fast rate of modernization.Methods of the Research: This research employs a normative juridical methodology with statutory and comparative approaches. Through a review of relevant laws and literature from both countries, this study seeks to identify and compare how customary law is integrated into the national legal systems of Malaysia and Indonesia.Results of the Research: The research identified discrepancies in indigenous peoples' rights enforcement and protection, notably in land, forestry, and natural resource management, despite both countries adopting customary law into their legal systems. This research emphasizes the necessity for inclusive and participatory customary law incorporation into national legal systems. Customary law is important to these systems and is acknowledged, preserved, and respected. Scholars, attorneys, and legislators in both countries may utilize this study to protect indigenous rights.
Sharia Economic Law Regulation In Indonesia And Malaysia: Implementation And Challenges
Authors: Khotimah Umi Khusnul
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This article explores the implementation and regulatory challenges of Sharia economic law in Indonesia and Malaysia, two key players in Islamic finance. Both countries have integrated Islamic principles into their economic frameworks, but their approaches differ due to legal, historical, and political factors.Purposes of the Research:  The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the regulatory frameworks governing Sharia economic law in Indonesia and Malaysia. It aims to highlight both the successes and obstacles in implementation, while offering potential recommendations for improvement.Methods of the Research: This study employs a comparative legal research methodology, analyzing primary legal sources such as laws, regulations, and official guidelines from Indonesia and Malaysia. Secondary sources, including academic articles and government publications, provide context for understanding how these frameworks are implemented.Results of the Research: The research finds that Malaysia’s centralized regulatory system, led by the Sharia Advisory Council (SAC), provides clear guidelines for Sharia-compliant financial products. In contrast, Indonesia’s regulatory framework is more fragmented, with overlapping responsibilities between institutions, creating challenges for effective implementation.
Politik Pemerintahan Thailand Era Thaksin Shinawatra & Malaysia Era Anwar Ibrahim dalam Perspektif Illiberal Democracy serta Relevansinya dengan Indonesia
Authors: Lubis Sahruddin , Zamharir Hari
Published: December 2024

This research explores the practice of democratic politics in two countries that place constitutional monarchies in the life of the nation and state, namely Thailand and Malaysia during the Thaksin Sinawatra administration and Malaysia during the Dato Anwar Ibrahim era. The study was conducted using the perspective of Fareed Zakaria's illiberal democracy theory. This study applies a culture-context approach with content analysis methods and meta-analyses procedures. Data were collected from a number of scientific articles accessed through Google Scholar and books. The results of the study show the existence of the King of Thailand who still plays a minimal role, amidst changing values that indicate very liberal, thus potentially strengthening liberal democracy and further weakening the constitutional monarchy. Likewise, the King of the Malaysian still plays a minimal role, but in recent times—with the declining role of UMNO party, the King's role is very significant in the latest political crisis.  The finding of this study is that in the amidst of a wave of changing values that have the potential to further marginalize illiberal democracy in each country, the role of the king, especially in the case of Malaysia, is quite significant in overcoming the political crisis of power, especially as a mediating authority or authorized intermediary agency.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik politik demokrasi di dua negara yang menempatkan monarki konstitusional dalam kehidupan berbagsa dan bernegara di Asia, yakni Thailand pada era pemerintahan Thaksin Sinawatra dan Malaysia pada era Dato Anwar Ibrahim. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan perspektif teori illiberal demokrasi dari Fareed Zakaria. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan culture-context dengan metode analisis konten dan prosedur meta-analyses. Data dikumpulkan dari sejumlah artikel ilmiah yang diakses melalui Google Scholar dan buku-buku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekistensi Raja Thailand masih berperan secara minimal, di tengah perubahan nilai-nilai yang mengindikasi amat liberal, sehingga potensial menguatkan demokrasi liberal dan makin memperlemah monarki konstitusional. Demikian pula dengan Raja Malaysia, masih berperan secara minimal, namun di masa belakangan—dengan jatuhnya The United Malays National Organization, peranan raja amat signifikan dalam kemelut politik mutakhir. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di tengah gelombang perubahan nilai-nilai yang berpotensi makin meminggirkan illiberal democracy di masing-masing negara, peran raja, teristimewa dalam kasus Malaysia, cukup signifikan dalam mengatasi krisis politik kekuasaan, terutama sebagai mediating authority atau authorized intermediary agency.