bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFESTO - advancing European hypersonic inflatable heatshield technology for Earth recovery and Mars high-mass delivery missions
Authors: Guidotti Giuseppe , Pontijas Fuentes Irene , Trovarelli Federico , Dietlein Ingrid , Schleutker Thorn , Gardi Roberto , Verant Jean-Luc , Prevereaud Ysolde , Governale Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

The European Union H2020 EFESTO project is coordinated by DEIMOS Space with the end goals of improving the European TRL of Inflatable Heat Shields for re-entry vehicles (from 3 to 4/5) and paving the way towards further improvements (TRL 6 with a future In-Orbit Demonstrator). This paper presents the project objectives and provides with a general overview of the activities ongoing and planned for the next two years, promoting its position in the frame of a European re-entry technology roadmap. EFESTO aims at (1) the definition of critical space mission scenarios (Earth and Mars applications) enabled by the use of advanced inflatable Thermal Protection Systems (TPS), (2) characterization of the operative environment and (3) validation by tests of both the flexible materials needed for the thermal protection (flexible thermal blanket will be tested in arcjet facility in both Earth and Martian environments) and the inflatable structure at 1:2 scale (exploring the morphing dynamics and materials response from packed to fully inflated configuration). These results will be injected into the consolidated design of a future In-Orbit Demonstrator (IOD) mission.
Statistical investigation on covid 19 epidemics
Authors: Tosto Sebastiano
Published: March 2023

This paper describes a statistical investigation on the virus infection in Italy. Analysis of epidemic data and simulation tests, demonstrate the usefulness of statistical approach to foresee in advance the contagion widespread and organize preventive containment measures. The approach has general character, it is valid and applicable also to other Countries.
From the theories of relativity to the concept of absolute
Authors: Etkin Valeriy
Published: March 2023

It is shown that Galileo's principle of relativity, after its generalization by Lorentz, Poincaré and Einstein, essentially became the principle of indistinguishability of processes, preventing the study of their specifics. A theory of the power of real processes, called energy dynamics, is proposed, which does not need inertial reference systems (ISR) and proves the existence of a preferred (absolute) FR associated with the center of mass of the system with its uniform distribution. Energy dynamics is based on the principles of distinguishability of processes and the certainty of the state of the system and generalizes equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics to non-thermal machines and forms of energy, making it possible to study closed systems by introducing additional parameters of their spatial heterogeneity. Due to this, it allows to prove the fallacy of the substitution of momentum by inertial mass and statements about the dependence of mass on speed, about the equivalence of mass and energy, about the constancy of the speed of light and about the unity of space and time. Along with this, the inconsistency of the requirement for the invariance of all laws of physics in various IFRs, the need to measure any system parameters in absolute scales and the independence of space and time as parameters of the state of energy-dynamic systems are substantiated. Thus, the ground is prepared for the transition from the theory of relativity to the theory of absoluteness.
Unique energy levels and shifts in the heat drop of the universe from the Planck temperature to the present day based on a combined Einstein gravitational field equation
Authors: Endre Nagy Tibor
Published: March 2023

In the general relativity, it is possible to determine the size and age of the universe (13.73 billion years) by means of a newfound Einstein gravitational field equation. Multiplied the mass of the Earth by the ratio of the complete angle (2∙π) and of the deviation angle of a light beam grazing the surface of the Earth (α/2∙π), towards the macro and microcosm three times, both of the present total (5.4∙1053kg) and of the initial mass of the universe (6.49∙10-5kg) can be calculated. Testing the classic formula of Planck temperature (T=M∙c2/k), in the case of the initial mass of the cosmos / which is (π∙) 950.08 times the Planck mass /, the initial temperature of the universe could be determined as well. Using the ratio of the angles for one to three times, the temperature would gradually decrease and finally reach the surface temperature of the lightened ancient cosmos. Due to the Planck temperature restoration the derivative primordial temperatures / 2·π∙(3.13∙1022K, 6.95∙1012K and 1541.1 K) / are also shifted by the factor of (π∙) 950.08 to the lower values, finally cooling the universe to the present amount (2·π∙0.516 K). Around these stages of the developing cosmos, forward in time after the quark-gluon plasma state of matter all of the elementary particles and of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation could be identified. By dividing both the present total and the initial mass of the universe by the factor, the visible matter of the cosmos (1.79∙1050kg) and the Planck mass remain.
Finite element analysis of vibration of an isotropic thin rectangular plate subjected to different boundary conditions under point and uniformly distributed loadings
Authors: MG Sobamowo , CT Agbelusi , SA Oladosu , RO Kuku
Published: March 2023

In this paper, finite element method is applied to structural analysis of rectangular plate subjected to different boundary conditions. The governing equation of motions for the static analysis of a rectangular plate are developed using Kirchhoff plate bending theory. The verification and the reliability of the finite element methods used is established by comparing the results of an in-house MATLAB code and that of commercial computational solid mechanics code using FLEXPDE as well as exact analytical method. The results of the exact analytical method, MATLAB finite element method and FLEX finite element method show excellent agreements. Also, it was observed that the boundary conditions and the dimensions of the plate have significant influence on the vibration of plates. The results showed that Clamped- Simply Supported - Simply Supported -Simply Supported (CSSS) mixed boundary condition gave the highest deflection for each thickness and loading type while the Clamped-Clamped- Clamped -Simply Supported (CCCS) mixed boundary condition provided the lowest deflection. The FEM algorithm developed in this project shows great agreement with commercial software results. It is inferred from the study that use of the developed finite element codes in MATLAB is an easier, cheaper and quicker approach for the analysis of free vibration of an isotropic rectangular plate.
Use of statistical models for predicting oral health status of children with cerebral palsy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasekara H.B.W.M.D.M. , Nawarathna L.S. , Herath E.M.U.C.K.
Published: March 2023

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common movement disorder in children, which is defined as ‘‘a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations attributed to non-progressive disturbances occurred in developing fetal or infant brain. In this study, we consider the four most common CP types categorized by the location of movement problems named Monoplegia, Diplegia, Hemiplegia, and Quadriplegia. Oral health is a state of being free from the chronic mouth, facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, congenital disabilities such as cleft lip and palate, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases disorders oral cavity. The main goal of the study is to create suitable statistical models for predicting the oral health status of children with CP using Silness-Löe plaque index and DMFT Index (DMFTI). Also, to identify the relationships between DMFTI and demographic, DMFTI and CP location, Silness-Loe plaque index and demographic data, Silness-Loe plaque index and CP location, Care index (CI) and demographic data, and the CI and CP location. This analysis was performed on a sample of 93 children with CP in the Central Province, Sri Lanka. The independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used to identify the relationship between variables, and effect sizes were calculated using partial Eta squared value to measure the strength of the relationship. Further Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model, Random Forest Regression (RFR) model, and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model were used to predict the oral health status using DMFTI and plaque index separately. A comparison was conducted for the fitted models using the Coefficient of determination (R-squared). There is a significant difference between the mean values of the plaque index for different CP locations. Children with diplegia have the lowest plaque index, while children with hemiplegia have the highest plaque index. The accuracy of the MLR model for predicting DMFTI is 23.60% and 20.80% for Permanent and primary teeth separately, and 20.00% for predicting Plaque Index. Those accuracies for the RFR model are 92.64%, 93.11% and 90.32%, while 95.36%, 85.65% and 80.07% for SVR model respectively. Therefore, the RFR Model was considered the best-fitted model for predicting oral health status using DMFTI and the plaque index of Sri Lankan children with CP. Besides, children with hemiplegia have a higher risk of having lower oral health status.
AHM as a measure of central tendency of sex ratio
Authors: Chakrabarty Dhritikesh
Published: March 2023

In some recent studies, four formulations of average namely Arithmetic-Geometric Mean (abbreviated as AGM), Arithmetic-Harmonic Mean (abbreviated as AHM), Geometric-Harmonic Mean (abbreviated as GHM) and Arithmetic-Geometric-Harmonic Mean (abbreviated as AGHM) have recently been derived from the three Pythagorean means namely Arithmetic Mean (AM), Geometric Mean (GM) and Harmonic Mean (HM). Each of these four formulations has been found to be a measure of central tendency of data. in addition to the existing measures of central tendency namely AM, GM & HM. This paper focuses on the suitability of AHM as a measure of central tendency of numerical data of ratio type along with the evaluation of central tendency of sex ratio namely male-female ratio and female-male ratio of the states in India.
Diabetes ethnopharmacology in rural region: study of a case report and review of literature
Authors: Jamal Ghoul , Hafsia Bouzenna , Abir Jaballah , Nasr Hmed Ben
Published: March 2023

Recently, there is an ascendant recourse for medicinal plants’ utilization as treatment of several chronic diseases, including diabetes. While effective in wound healing, some herbs might present toxic effects at certain doses or when used for long periods. In this study, the frequently used antidiabetic herbs, in a rural region, was reviewed with special focus on their possible toxicological features
Salenio: clinical study design
Authors: Parmeggiani Domenico , Bassi Paola , Claudia Donnarumma Maddalena , Colonnese Chiara , Ieluzzi Vincenzo , Pacca Laura , Agresti Chiara , Agresti Massimo
Published: March 2023

In the last 20 years there has been a marked increase in thyroid disease, although partly due to increased attention to screening, possibilities for more extensive and more sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests, and the availability of more advanced imaging technologies, nevertheless appears to be evidence of a profound dietary, biological, and environmental change.1,2 Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in iodinereplete populations.3 It is now estimated that 1/3 of the female population and 1/8 of the male population in goitrogenic endemic countries such as ours, have thyroid disease, and of these 80% are autoimmune thyroiditis. The complexity of this phenomenon is certainly partly due to the extreme thyroid sensitivity to ionizing radiation,4 but it can also be explained by nutritional deficiency of other factors such as Iodine and Selenium:5 the therapy of these patients is increasingly focused on the use of dietary supplements of Iodine and Selenium, meanwhile the latest international guidelines6 are increasingly scaling back the use of thyroid hormone (L-Tyroxine) in this huge plethora of patients in normofunctioning patients with nodular thyroidopathy and patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.7,8 This leaves on the market a sizeable slice of patients receptive to Iodine and Selenium treatments; our research aims precisely to test in these patients the efficacy of a salt that is already supplemented with Iodine and Selenium, comparing it in a double-blind randomized trial with a control group using neither iodized salt nor supplements, a group using iodized salt and a Selenium supplement, and finally a third group using an Iodine and Selenium supplement.
Translational and some other aspects of DOHaD concept: a polemic overview related to endocrinology and public health
Authors: VI Goudochnikov
Published: March 2023

This mini-review describes translational, historical and some other aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), as well as the connection between development and aging as a challenge to DOHaD paradigm. The main focus is made on endocrine and metabolic mechanisms studied by means of experimental models of laboratory animals and cell cultures and on epidemiological indices of morbidity and mortality in human populations. It is concluded that future investigations should be directed to enforcing the links between biomedical and public health implications of research in DOHaD area.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 and quality of life
Authors: el Ghoul Jamel , Ben-Slimen Rim , Ben-Nasr Hmed
Published: March 2023

A cross sectional study was carried out to evaluate the self-perceived health status, using EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, in a sample of local population. Our results revealed that diabetes mellitus type 1 was most degrading factor of the quality of life. In particular, it contributes to severe pain and anxiety, in comparison to hypertension. These findings outline the importance of adding supplemental / adjuvant therapeutic to better manage the disease.
Family function patterns, and associated socioeconomic variables – a survey study of members of rural Egyptian families attending family medicine centers affiliated to Suez Canal University
Authors: Dahshan Ismail , Ismail Mosleh A , Shora Hassan , M Awad Mohammed , Ibrahim Seham A
Published: March 2023

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a key factor that impact the family functioning. Results from previous studies demonstrated that low SES status was associated with less satisfaction in several areas of family functioning. Objectives: To describe the family function status patterns and associated socioeconomic status variables in a rural sample of Egyptian families. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out as a cross-sectional survey in a three rural Family Medicine Centres, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt in November 2022. An estimated total sample size of 164 participants was included. Each participant was interviewed to complete an Arabic version of Apgar questionnaire for the family function status assessment and the scale of socioeconomic status for health research in Egypt in sequence. Results: Eighty-two families representing 48.2% were in middle SES grade, 79 families representing 46.5% were in low SES grade, 9 families representing 5.3% were in very low SES grade, and 0 (0%) were in high SES grade. The family function status categories showed 43.5% of families were in highly functional category,49.4% were in moderately dysfunctional category, and 7.1% were in severely dysfunctional category. Mean score SES for the highly functional families was significantly different from the moderately dysfunctional families; 44.35 ± 11.28 (SD) vs 38.68 ± 11.09 (SD), respectively. Total SES score, education, and culture domain of SES scale showed a statistically significant positive moderate correlation with family function status total score (r 0.215, P< 0.005, r 0.225, P < 0.003). Conclusions: More than fifty percent of rural Egyptian families in this study lie in low, and very low SES status. Socioeconomic status score of highly functional families was significantly higher than the score of moderately dysfunctional families. SES score, and education, and culture domain showed a significant positive moderate correlation with the family function status score.
Hereditary multiple exostosis: a case report and brief review regarding the risk of malignancy
Authors: Costa Joelma Pereira , Silva Bentes Renan da , Mazzaro Conchy Matheus Mychael , de Carvalho Lorena Pacheco , Lima Resende Rodrigo Cesar de , Antonacci Júnior Edson
Published: March 2023

Osteocartilaginous exostoses is the most common benign bone tumor of childhood whose predominant growth on cartilage with potential impact on bone development and architecture, with potential risk of fractures and installation of malignant neoplasms. We present a case of an 11 -year -old female child, admitted to the unit complained of pain in the proximal region of the left ulna and distal third of the ipsilateral tibia with evolution of one year and suspected hereditary multiple exostosis whose histopathological result was positive for osteochondroma. The conduct for this case consisted of surgical extraction of the bone mass and outpatient follow -up for the case of relevant angular deviation of limbs, fractures or emergence of neoplasia suspected of malignancy.
A rare case of adrenal pheochromocytoma discover by accident in a CT scan
Authors: Agrelo Julieta Cervellera
Published: March 2023

Pheochromocytoma’s are rare tumours originating in chromaffin cells. The majority of these tomours are benign and unilateral, characterised by the production of catecholamines and other neuropeptides. Mainly located in the adrenal gland, they are more frequent between the 3rd and 5th decades of life; however, 10–25% can be associated with genetic familial syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2). The author presents a rare case in a 53-year old patient with a long history of high pressure, and due to a mass accidentally discovered in a CT scan, confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. HP was controlled with α and β blockers and alpha blockers with posterior retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgical intervention and subsequent resolution of HP.
A meta-analysis of injury to collateral ligaments of metacarpo-phalangeal joints other than the thumb: incidence, management and outcome
Authors: Hayek Shady N , El Khatib Arij M , E Ibrahim Amir , Kabakian-Khasholian Tamar T
Published: March 2023

Background: The incidence for the injury to the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) of fingers other than the thumb is unknown. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature using several search engines and several MeSH terms. A meta-analysis of the incidence, mechanism of injury, diagnosis, management, and outcome was performed. Results: A total of 164 injuries were reported. A lot of the data was missing. The mean age was 43.32 years with no gender differences. The majority of the injuries were for the right hand, little finger and index finger. In 31.1% of the collateral ligament injuries cited in the literature, the radial collateral ligament (RCL) was the injured site. Surgical intervention was the main reported type of management and 30% of those who underwent conservative management required a surgical intervention. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis of all the case reports and case series in the literature. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment and calls for standardizing the reporting of these injuries to avoid data gaps in future reviews.
Is ultrasound guided spine injection safe?
Authors: Gharries Helen
Published: March 2023

Ultrasound has gained recognition within the field of pain intervention owing to its definite advantage of visually localizing the specified target and additionally owing to perceived advantages of safety, accuracy, and potency. Ultrasound permits satisfactory imaging of the posterior parts of the spine and paraspinal soft tissues. Despite the introduction of newer and less consuming time’s methods with the possibility of intravascular injection, there is still insufficient clinical evidence to prove the safety of the ultrasound as a sole image guide intervention, especially for transforaminal injection. It is essential to considering safety tips and be aware of complications that are typically terribly unpleasant and cause unwanted social and legal consequence. The most important injection warnings are damage to the spinal cord and nerve roots, intravascular injection and vascular damage, loss of consciousness, paraplegia and incontinence. The object of this review article is to discuss the untoward dangerous complication which can happen after ultrasound-guided spine injections and explain how to diagnosis and manage them. Further technical and equipment advancements are needed to improve and reduce the existing limitations associated with the ultrasound-guided spine injection technique until that time the multimodality imaging guidance is safer.
Clinical anatomy of the spine for pain interventionist
Authors: Gharries Helen
Published: March 2023

Pain interventionist emphasizes particular attention to the spinal anatomy. Spine pain generators differ from intervertebral disc to facet joint or ligaments. Injection at these critical structures requires a complete visualization of anatomical location. Spinal cord injury or intravascular injections are the serious complications of spine pain intervention. Understanding the neurovascular anatomy of the spinal column prevents misfortune injection and its unwanted complications. The purpose of this study is to review spine anatomy and responsible pain generators and to verify the importance of anatomy in preventing pain injections complication.
Late diagnosis and surgical treatment of bronchial bean aspiration - case report
Authors: Petrov Ivana
Published: March 2023

Asphyxiation by an inhaled foreign body is a leading cause of accidental death among children younger than 4years. Delay in diagnosis, as well as the type of foreign body is a risk factor related to mortality and invasive procedures like tracheostomy and thorachotomy. Here, we report a case of two year old girl admitted to our hospital 48hours after bean aspiration. She underwent rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia with ventilatory support, tracheotomy followed by thoracothomy and bronchotomy as final way of foreign body extraction. During the procedure she had hypoxic cardiac arrest and was successfully reanimated. It took 10days to wean her from mechanical ventilation and 10 more at the pulmology department before she was discharged from hospital without neurological complications.
Evaluation of the results of patients who had undergone lateral internal sphincterotomy due to chronic anal fissure: analysis of 281 cases
Authors: Akalin Cagri , Canakci Ebru , Pekcici Recep
Published: March 2023

Introduction and purpose: Pharmacological and surgical treatment options are available for the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF). ﻿﻿Pharmacological treatments include treatment modalities such as glyceryl trinitrate, calcium channel blockers and alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Surgical treatment options include anal dilatation and sphincterotomy, and among many sphincterotomy procedures open lateral internal sphincterotomy (open LIS) is now considered the gold standard. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic data, complaints, early and late complications of patients who have undergone LIS due to chronic anal fissure and to contribute to the literature. Material and method: Data of 281 patients who have undergone open LIS operation between 2013-2018 due to chronic anal fissure that did not respond to conservative treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Age, gender, complaint (pain, bleeding, constipation, itching), follow-up period and postoperative complication (infection, bleeding, pain, fistula, gas or stool incontinence) data of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with gas or fecal incontinence were evaluated with Wexner incontinence score. Results: Out of 281 patients, 197 were female (70.1%), 84 were male (29.9%). Female / male ratio was 2.34. The mean age was 40.31 ± 13.59 (min 18-max 84) years. The mean follow-up period was 24.53 (min 6 - max 67) months. In 248 (88.3%) patients, pain was noted during defecation, while bleeding was noted in 208 (74%) patients, constipation was noted in 133 (47.3) patients and perianal itching was noted in 91 (32.4%) patients. In 7 (2.5%) patients, infection occurred at the site of operation. Perianal fistula was seen in one patient (0.4%), recurrence was seen in 12 (4.3%), transient gas incontinence was seen in 4 (1.8%) and fecal incontinence was seen (0.35%) in 1 patient. Seven patients who had developed infection responded to oral antibiotic treatment and none of them developed abscesses. Result: As a result, open LIS operation is an efficient and effective surgical treatment method for the treatment of CAF.
Protocol for rapid recovery pathways after surgery in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: C Kumba , T Blanc , Cock A De , A Willems , C Harte , S Querciagrossa , G Orliaguet , C Melot
Published: March 2023

Background: In adult surgical patients rapid recovery pathways after surgery have shown improvement in postoperative complications and length of hospital stay . Enhanced recovery after surgery is a concept which includes patient management protocols beginning from the preoperative period, continues in the intraoperative period and the postoperative period. This concept aims to improve postoperative outcome. In pediatric patients rapid recovery pathways are beginning to develop. This study is undertaken to analyse whether enhanced recovery after surgery improves postoperative outcome in children. Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and randomized trials starting in April 2019 until July 2019. Statistic analysis will be realised with RevMan 5.3 software. Results are expected by July 2019. Conclusion: This protocol was realised to describe the systematic review and meta-analysis which will be undertaken to clarify the impact on postoperative outcome of rapid recovery pathways after surgery in children.
Magnitude of post dural puncture headache and associated factors in obstetric mothers undergone spinal anesthesia for caesarean section
Authors: Tafesse Dawit , Melkamayew Abateneh
Published: March 2023

Background: Although modern anesthesiology has made great progress in the last decades, neuraxial anesthesia (NA) is still the keynote of regional blockade. It is popular for its effectiveness in producing anesthesia and analgesia. As the NA techniques popularly used in clinics, post dural puncture headache (PDPH), a common iatrogenic complication resulted from post-spinal taps or accidental dural puncture (ADP) subsequent to epidural block, frequently reported and becomes a challenging to health caregivers. The objective of the study was to assess the magnitude of post dural puncture headache (PDPH) and Associated Factors in Obstetric Mothers Undergone Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section from February 1 – June 30, 2018 Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study design conducted in Dilchora Hospital and Sabian Primary Hospital from February 1 – June 30, 2018. 391 obstetric mothers was systematically selected every 2 other patient interval. The data was collect from both patient chart review and interview using structured checklist. Results: 85/391 (21.7%) obstetric mothers present with headache characteristic of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Larger gauge spinal needle [AOR= 3.105: 95% CI (1.116 - 8.638), P = 0.03] and multiple spinal attempts [AOR 0.374; 95% CI (0.220 - 0.635) P = 0.000] was statistically significantly related with PDPH after Spinal anesthesia. Conclusion and Recommendation: In our study, we observe a relatively higher prevalence of PDPH (21.7%), as compared to other literatures. Large gauge spinal needles (≥ 23 G) and multiple spinal attempts is also find statistically significantly related with PDPH after Spinal Anesthesia. In order to decrease the higher prevalence of PDPH in those Hospitals, Anesthetists should avoid utilization of large gauge spinal needles, and repeated dural puncture during Spinal Anesthesia.
Spinal anesthesia with low dose bupivacaine and fentanyl for femur surgeries in elderly patients
Authors: Desai Devyani , Bumiya Pinal , Upadhyay MR , Vashishtha Ambarish
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: Decreasing the dose of intrathecal Bupivacaine may be useful to provide surgical anaesthesia with less hemodynamic disturbances especially in elderly patients but may be associated with inadequate anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgeries to perform. This can be overcome by adding Fentanyl to it. Materials and method: 60 elderly patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade II, scheduled for femur surgeries were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Group B:(n=30) patients receiving Bupivacaine (0.5%) heavy 2.5ml (12.5mg) and Group BF:(n=30) patients receiving Bupivacaine (0.5%) heavy 1.5ml (7.5mg)+Fentanyl (25ug) 0.5ml+0.5 ml normal saline, total volume being 2.5ml. The characteristics of sensory and motor blockade, duration of effective analgesia, perioperative hemodynamics and complications were recorded. Results: The mean onset of sensory block and time to achieve peak sensory level was early, time to achieve regression to L1 level and duration of effective analgesia was longer in group BF ad the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in motor blockade characteristics between two groups. Incidences of hypotension were more in group B compared to group BF. Conclusion: Low dose intrathecal bupivacaine (7.5 mg) with fentanyl (25mcg) can provide adequate surgical anaesthesia and better hemodynamics and can be used in elderly patients for femur surgeries.
Fishing on the Southern Brazil: environments and social contexts
Authors: Antonio da Silva Lucas , Peretti Wagner Gustavo
Published: March 2023

This proposal aims to reflect on the fisherman's way of life in the extreme South Brazil. For decades the socio-anthropology of fishing has cemented the “caiçara” of the southeastern coast and the Amazonian riverine as the identities of the Brazilian fisherman. The different environments, territories and materialities point to a distinct fisherman's way of life for the South Brazilian coast - between Santa Marta Cape/SC and Chuí/RS. To this end, an environmental characterization will be presented accompanied by a review of the production of fishing socio-anthropology and, finally, the ethnographic works will provide the data for the interpretation of the fisherman's way of life in the extreme south of Brazil.
Immune-pathological phases of chronic Hepatitis B infections among Sudanese individuals towards personalization of management
Authors: Mohamed Mustafa Abbas Shahd , Saeed Eltahir Saeed Walla , Mohamed Musa Osama , Elsamani Ahmed Mugtaba , Mohamed H Satti Maria , Musa Younis Brima , Mudawi Musa Ahmed , Gasim Khalil Eltahir Awad
Published: March 2023

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an immune liver disease affecting millions worldwide. Despite availability of an efficacious vaccine, elimination of HBV infections is aloft. This study aimed to identify the immune-pathological phases of chronic HBV infection (CHBV) among Sudanese individuals to refine management strategies. Materials and methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study and following informed consent, 1593 individuals with HBs Ag reactivity were enrolled. Serum total protein/ albumin, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, HBs Ag/Ab, HBe Ag/Ab, HBc IgM/HBc total antibodies and HBV viral loads were measured. Results: Mean aminotransferase levels for HBs Ag-reactive individuals were significantly higher compared to apparently normal individuals, while the mean total protein and serum albumin were within normal ranges. The majority of HBs Ag-reactive individuals were reactive to total anti-HBc and HBe Ab, while concurrent HBe Ag/Ab reactivity was seen in a minority. Inactive carriers constituted the majority of HBs Ag reactive individuals, while the immune tolerance CHBV phase could not be identified. The reactivation phase had the highest viral load. Conclusion: inactive carrier state is the predominant immune-pathological phase among Chronic HBV Sudanese individuals. Regular follow ups and no oral anti-viral drug treatment as the management of choice to reduce cost, drug-associated toxicities and emergence of resistant strains.
Pertinence of immune waning in measles virus infection – a short review
Authors: Benharroch Daniel
Published: March 2023

A striking occurrence will mark an acute infection with the measles virus. The patient soon acquires a lifelong specific immunity to the virus. But, unexpectedly, a transient cellular immune deficiency takes place as well, for several months. The causes of this paradox have not been entirely elucidated. An atypical measles syndrome was scrutinized in order to evaluate the immune status of patients who developed this disorder, subsequently to the administration of the formalin inactivated measles virus vaccine. Although considered not to occur in classic measles, an immune waning develops, at least, in atypical measles syndrome.
Characterization of Hepatitis C virus circulating among injecting drug users (IDU) in Kilifi county, Kenya
Authors: Onchong’a Robert Mainga , Okoth Eddy Odari , Kimutai Peter Borus , Kwallah Allan Ole , Gikunda James Murithi , Ong’ondo Bernard Osero , Kiplangat Vincent Ruttoh , Smiti Charles Mwandawiro , Wekesa Raphael Lihana
Published: March 2023

Background: Hepatitis C virus is a major global health problem estimated to infect over 170 million people globally with the most common route ofinfection being injecting drug use (IDU). Treatment for HCV infection has traditionally been shown to be genotype specific; however the available drugs are still expensive and out of reach in many developing countries. To improve on monitoring, there is need to continuously document the genotypic burden and epidemiology in different populations arises. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the circulating genotypes and link the data to the socio-demographics of injecting drug users in Kilifi County along the Kenyan coastline. Methods: Using a random sampling method, this was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted among 127 injecting drug users, whereby ethical clearance was sought from Kenyatta National Hospital/ University of Nairobi Ethical and Research review committee (KNH/UON-ERC), and Reference number P366/07/2017 on 25th September 2017. Serology for HCV was done followed by nucleic acid amplification and eventual genotyping. Socio-demographic data was collected using questionnaire administered at the sites. Results: A total of 28 (23 males and 5 females) samples out of 127 samples were positive for HCV giving a prevalence of 22.1%. The modal age group was 25- 49 years. Of the positive samples, 11 were amplified by PCR, all from the male IDUs. Prevalent genotypes included genotype 1a (13%) and genotype 4a (87%). Both genotype 1a and 4a were only found in males. Conclusion: Although it is the first time to report HCV4a in Kilifi town and Mtwapa as compared to Watamu and Malindi which had both HCV1a and HCV4a. Tourists born in countries where HCV prevalence is high are supposed to be screened before accessing entry to Kilifi County. No clinical trial was conducted. The study reveals the burden of HCV infection among IDUs inKilifi County. The Government should formulate policies for intervention on testing and treatment of HCV in Kilifi County targeting IDUs in order to minimize spread to other populations.
Estimation of Rubella virus antibodies among aborted women in Ibb City-Yemen
Authors: Baset Abbas Abdul , Moharam Rasha , Al-Gmashi Latifa , Negad Ebtesam , Al-Bana'a Naba , Alqadri Maha , Alosimey Nogoom , Alqadri Noha , Ali Firuz , Hezam Kamal
Published: March 2023

German measles is a public health disease caused by rubella virus resulting in adverse consequences among pregnant women as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) including abortions. Abortion is one of the most common health problems in the world. So, this study purposed to estimate prevalence of rubella virus antibodies among aborted women in Ibb city, Yemen. A cross-sectional investigation was accomplished from January 2022 to June 2022. 150 serum samples were collected from aborted women attending the obstetrics and gynecology department of various hospitals to analyze rubella virus IgG and IgM antibodies by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA). Demographical and clinical features were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using GraphPad software and P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. With regards to the prevalence of rubella virus antibodies among aborted women, 149 cases (99.3%) of aborted women were rubella IgG antibodies positive. Rubella virus IgM antibodies were negative (100%) in all aborted women. The prevalence of rubella virus IgG antibodies in the age 26-30 was less than in other age groups. Moreover, the seroprevalence of rubella virus IgG was higher in rural aborted women (100%) compared to urban ones. Demographical and clinical features among aborted women were not statistically significant concerning rubella IgG positive results. In conclusion, the low rate of rubella IgM and a high proportion of rubella IgG for the most aborted women in this study suggest that rubella infection might indicate a previous infection.
Performance evaluation of immunoblot for the detection of anti-DNA antibodies compared to indirect immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae
Authors: MAHIR Loubna , ezzahra HSAI Fatima , DRISSI BOURHANBOUR Asmaa , EL BAKKOURI Jalila
Published: March 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune disease preferentially affecting the female sex. Because of the great polymorphism of the disease, the diagnosis of lupus must first be confirmed on the basis of several clinico-biological criteria. Among the biological criteria is the presence of anti-dsDNA (double stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid) antibodies. The detection of these autoantibodies requires the use of techniques with high sensitivity and specificity. We evaluated the performance of the immunoblot technique (ANA-IB) in comparison with the indirect immunofluorescence technique (CLIFT) in the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in 100 sera. This comparison led to the conclusion that CLIFT remains the reference method for the detection of these antibodies and cannot be replaced by ANA-IB. However, their concomitant use increases the specificity of the test.
Isolated oculomotor palsy secondary to dyslipidemia
Authors: Gupta Dhananjay
Published: March 2023

Background: Oculomotor weakness is one of the common problems encountered in day-to-day practice. The most common causes include diabetes mellitus and posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Objective: Dyslipidemia with hyper-triglyceridemia has not been previously reported as an independent cause of ischemic oculomotor palsy. Materials and Methods: Here we report a case of pupil-sparing isolated oculomotor palsy which was found to be due to very high triglyceride levels. Results: The patient was treated conservatively with hypo-lipidemic drugs and improved after treatment.
Neurophysiological foundations of the human mind
Authors: SV Rosman
Published: March 2023

In the context of the search for a new paradigm of the functioning of the human Mind, a new method of investigating the functional ability of the brain is proposed - the dispersion of the amplitude–frequency characteristics of the alpha rhythm of the EEG (DAFCAR). It is assumed that it is a marker of the processes occurring in the brain during information processing, considering them from completely new positions.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation of Broca's and conduction aphasia Case report
Authors: Torres-Cruz Carlos , Cruz-Hernández Liliana
Published: March 2023

Vascular events represent the third cause of death and are also one of the main causes of disability in adulthood. Among the most frequent cognitive sequelae are the aphasia. There is a need to carry out clinical interventions that allow the person with aphasia to rehabilitate language, have quality of life and return to their usual activities. The functional reorganization approach of A. R. Luria proposes that after brain injury cognitive abilities are disorganized, but that through a neuropsychological intervention they can be recovered, at least partially. It is essential to restructure the lost ability and make a change in the psychophysiological structure. We present the case of a 44-year-old man who, after a cerebral infarction, was diagnosed with mixed aphasia: Broca and conduction aphasia. A rehabilitation program based on the functional reorganization approach was started. After 60 sessions, an improvement in automatic language, repetition, naming, and spontaneous language was observed. Likewise, independence for daily activities, family and social interaction increased.
Efficiency of complementary integrative practices in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sousa Silva Cyntia Nery de
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that causes damages to brain cells responsible for producing dopamine at the encephalic region known as black matter, a chronic and progressive disease which has as symptom hand trembling, as well as slowness and stiffness of movement and loss of balance, symptoms that compromises the daily life of the patient. The treatment is generally administered through medication. Another course to treat Parkinson’s disease is through Integrative and Complementary Practices, also known as non-pharmacological therapies, which are regarded as traditional practices for preventing and reducing symptoms related with the pathology. Objective: This study has as its goal to verify the efficacy in the application of Integrative and Complementary Practices to decrease symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive study, with a qualitative approach with integral literature review, analyzed from PubMed and SCIELO databases. There were selected 05 articles for review. Results: The study demonstrates that, though the benefits of medication and other procedures administered to treat the disease are well known, the complementary therapies also contribute to improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of the patient. It was observed that Yoga, Relaxation, Music Therapy, Acupuncture and Anma Massage Therapy all resulted on improvement for the patient. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the usage of complementary therapies in patients with Parkinson’s disease is efficient and aids in the motor and mental development of an individual.
Mathematics and Physics; Brain and Universe machine languages
Authors: Schad J N
Published: March 2023

Revelations of the nature of existence, through humans’ cognitive systems, have been evolving since the development of language. Part of such revelations, appearing early in the history of civilization, were geometrical forms and numbers, whose beauty and order, both wondrous and mysterious, conveyed a sense of unreality beyond the physical reality normally discerned; and to Plato, these were indications of the “other reality” of which only a few glimpses had occurred. Access to all the attributes of this reality required breaking out of the shackles of (mental) captivity; beautifully portrayed in Plato’s cave allegory. The present era’s sense of wonder about the effectiveness of mathematics in formulating the discoveries of the fundamental and natural laws of existence, on the one hand, and advances in computation, especially in artificial intelligence (AI), on the other have revived the Platonic idea, in one form or other. This revival is supported by some ardent adherents among the very minds who have contributed to furthering our understanding of the physical universe. The work presented here is an attempt to prove that a “physical world” precludes the prospects for “mathematics” to be its “other reality.” This end is achieved by bringing to light the processes involved in the perceptions and discernment of the world by humans and, for that matter, by any creature with a physical central nervous system. The process involved makes it clear that the phenomena of the “physical universe” are played out (one way or other) in our “physical brains” as electrochemical operations, which are (fundamentally) physics-based computations. Therefore, the historically configured “symbolic language of mathematics” is the physical brain’s “machine language” for the specific outputted expressions (formalisms) of the underlying physics of some of the (physically) sensed phenomena behind such computations. This rapidly developing language, much of it emerging in “appearances” foreign to the physical reality, has been taken by many great minds, including Plato, Galileo, Kant, and Wigner, as an indication of an incontrovertible mysterious mathematical world, or its language. However, it is inadvertently the “machine language” whose progress is owed to the successful efforts of the “computational brains” that are blazing the trail for discoveries of more novelties in the physics of the physical universe. The overall claim in this work is based on the ideas that (1) brains only sense the world physically and operate physically, and (2) mathematics has been known on occasion to be predictive of physics, and the latter of new frontiers in the former.
Increasing the speech intelligibility by the use of voice therapy in patients with profound hearing loss
Authors: Çiyiltepe Müge Müzeyyen , Şenkal Özgül Akın , Arslan Berkay
Published: March 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in the acoustic properties of voice in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss to determine the effectiveness of voice therapy. Material-Method: Our study consisted of 15 individuals from the 20-25 years of age with bilateral symmetrical hearing loss (Group A), and 15 individuals in the 26-65 age group with post lingual cochlear implants (Group B). The control group (Group C) included 15 adults with the normal hearing range from the age group of 20-30. Prospective analysis methods was utilized for this research. In order to quantitatively measure the psychosocial consequences of voice-related disorders the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was given, and, to determine the acoustic measures of the voice quality, the /ah/ sound was digitally recorded with the Multidimensional Voice Program (Kay Elemetrics) in all groups. Conclusion: Average Fundamental frequency (F0), jitter percentage (jitter), shimmer, noise-harmonic ratio (NHR), voice turbulence index (VTI), soft phonation index (SPI), PPQ and APQ parameters were analyzed through acoustic sound analysis program. When the data in Group A are compared with Group B, the acoustic parameters show a statistically significant higher value. Discussion: Speech intelligibility increased in individuals with profound hearing loss who received sound therapy and who used cochlear implants. According to the results of the VHI, individuals with cochlear implants benefit from voice therapy.
Giant osteoma of the maxillary sinus: a case report
Authors: Abdoulaye  Keïta , Ibrahima Diallo , Aliou Diallo Mamadou , Sayon Kourouma , Ramata Diallo Mamadou Mouctar , Alseny Camara , Alseny Cissé , Karfalla Kaba Mohamed , Casimir Kaman Mohamed , Oury Sylla Thierno , , Saliou Keita
Published: March 2023

Giant osteoma of the maxillary sinus: a case report