bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFIERS FOR TIMELY FORECAST OF BREAST CANCER USING WISCONSIN DATASET
Authors: Katara Mayuree , Saxena Akash
Published: June 2023

The main aims, methods, and results of the study on breast cancer detection using various machine learning classifiers. It seems that the study focused on analyzing the performance of different classifiers such as Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM-LC, SBM-RBF, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and Random Forest Classifier on the Wisconsin dataset. The study aimed to measure the accuracy of these classifiers in detecting breast cancer at an early stage. The Wisconsin dataset is a well-known dataset frequently used for breast cancer research and contains relevant features for classification. According to the testing accuracy results you provided, each classifier achieved the following accuracy scores: Logistic Regression=0.9440, K Nearest Neighbor=0.9580, Support Vector Machine (Linear Classifier) =0.9650, Support Vector Machine (RBF Classifier) =0.9650, Gaussian Naïve Bayes=0.9230, Decision Tree=0.9510 and Random Forest Classifier=0.9650. Based on these accuracy outcomes, it can be concluded that the proposed machine learning models, particularly Support Vector Machines (both linear and RBF), as well as K Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest Classifier, performed well in classifying breast cancer using the Wisconsin dataset. Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes also achieved reasonably good accuracy scores. The study suggests that the proposed models have the potential to assist medical professionals in accurately classifying breast lesions, which can lead to early detection and better management of breast cancer.
Epidemiologi Kasus Malaria Terkonfirmasi Positif di Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Irma Irma , Sabilu Yusuf , Suhadi Suhadi , Kamrin Kamrin
Published: June 2023

Malaria is one of the most common mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the world. Globally, deaths due to malaria infection reported in 2019 amounted to 405,000 deaths with a total number of sufferers of around 228 million cases. Although malaria cases have continued to decline in the last five years, including in Southeast Sulawesi Province, there are still regencies/cities in Southeast Sulawesi that have not been free from malaria. Therefore this disease continues to be a burden of pain. This study is a descriptive study using secondary data on positive confirmed malaria cases from the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Office.This study aims to describe malaria cases in Muna Regency during the period from 2016 to 2020 based on epidemiological variables, namely people and time. The results showed that positive confirmed malaria cases in Muna Regency from 2016 to 2020 showed a significant decline. From the people variable, the majority 56.95% of positive confirmed malaria cases were men and only 43.05% were women. Meanwhile, based on the time in five years of observation, the highest prevalence of confirmed positive malaria occurred in 2016 and the lowest in 2020. Malaria prevention and control programs need to be carried out strictly to reduce morbidity and achieve malaria elimination programs in Muna Regency

Key words: Malaria, confirmed positive, people, time.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Masyarakat dengan Kesediaan dalam Mengikuti Vaksinasi COVID-19
Authors: Anggrek Shania Fanty , Asmin Elpira , F. Saija Alessandra
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 or commonly called COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is now a global pandemic. COVID-19 is now a serious problem all over the world, the number of cases is also increasing every day. Therefore, it is not only necessary to intervene in the implementation of health procedures but also to immediately take other effective intervention measures to stop the spread of disease, namely through vaccination efforts. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and community behavior towards COVID-19 vaccination with willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccination in Passo Village in 2022. This research is a quantitative analytic study using a cross sectional research design. Samples were taken as many as 100 people using a combination of purposive sampling and stratified sampling methods. The results showed that knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine was 44% (currently), community attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination program were 71% (good), community behavior towards COVID-19 prevention was 75% (good) and willingness to participate in the COVID-19 vaccination was 75 % (willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19). The results of the bivariate analysis using the chi-square stated that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.024), attitude (p=0.027) and behavior (p=0.006) with willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccination in the village in 2022.
Persepsi Perawat Terhadap Implementasi Budaya Keselamatan Pasien Di Ruang Rawat Inap Terpadu Rumah Sakit H.Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Sinaga Betty , Nyorong Mappeaty , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: June 2023

Patient safety is a hospital service system that provides safer patient care. WHO (World Health Organization) publications report patient safety incidents that medical errors occur in 8% to 12% of inpatient rooms at H.Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Patient safety incidents that occur include nosocomial infections, patient falls, and medication errors. Each of these incidents exceeded the established standards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' perceptions of the implementation of patient safety culture at H.Adam Malik Hospital Medan

The research design used was qualitative research. The characteristics of the key informants are the head of the nursing field, the head of the room, the head of pharmacy, the nursing committee and the head of the Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (PMKP) section, while the main informants are nurses. Qualitative data collection techniques using the Triangulation method. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive with data source triangulation stages

The results showed that patient identification, effective communication, drug safety and risk of infection had gone well, while site marking and the risk of falling patients had not gone well.

The conclusion of this study is that patient identification, effective communication, drug safety and risk of infection have gone well, while site marking and the risk of patients falling have not gone well. It is hoped that this can be an illustration of the application of patient safety to improve the quality of health services through the achievement of hospital achievements so that it can be used as the basis for taking a further policy and increasing the satisfaction of each patient who comes.
Obesity Risk Screening, Vision Complaints, Hearing based on Age and Waist Circumference
Authors: Sillehu Sahrir , Lihi Maryam
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between age and obesity, to assess waist circumference and obesity. This type of quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design. The sample is 161 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and measuring body mass index. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis. The results showed that there were 144 respondents (89.4%) in the 18 - 25 year age category, 13 respondents (8.1%) for Body Mass Index for the first obesity category, 12 respondents (7.5%) for obesity II. There is a relationship between age and waist circumference with a p-value of 0.0001, there is a relationship between age and body mass index with a p-value of 0.0001. There is a relationship between age and body weight with a p-value of 0.001. Age is a risk factor for waist circumference, BMI, weight and hearing. As you get older, your waist circumference increases, your BMI increases, your weight increases and your age decreases your hearing ability. An obesity risk factor is age
Analysis of Factors Affecting Inpatient Satisfaction at Vina Estetika General Hospital Medan
Authors: Hayati Elvira
Published: June 2023

Measurement of health service user satisfaction is one indicator to determine the quality of health services. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence the satisfaction of inpatients at the Vina Estetica General Hospital. The research design was a cross sectional study, the sample was patients who were treated at the Vina Aesthetic Hospital Medan. The research variables were measured using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher and tested for validity and reliability. Analysis of multiple logistic regression test data. The results of the multiple linear regression equation research show that from these five independent variables, there is only one variable that has a positive effect on the dependent variable or patient satisfaction, namely the Physical Evidence variable (Tangibles) with a value of 0.165. Meanwhile, the other four independent variables have a negative effect on the patient satisfaction variable. The regression coefficient for each variable is -0.145 for the Empathy variable, -0.129 for the Reliability variable, then -0.028 for the Responsiveness variable. , and -0.266 for the assurance variable.
Karakteristik Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) dalam Melakukan Pemeriksaan HIV di Lokasi X, Y Kota Ternate Tahun 2022
Authors: Lestari Tutik , Yamko Ridwan , Muhlis Mudini , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Febriyanti Febriyanti
Published: June 2023

HIV AIDS in Ternate City are second ranks after North Halmahera District, especially in North Maluku Province. There were 684 HIV AIDS cases in 2007-April 2022, 24 new cases in 2022 (12 homosexuals, 10 heterosexuals and 2 IDUs). Early detection of HIV testing is one way of knowing HIV status, especially in people at high risk. The aim is to describe the characteristics of Sex worker in entertainment locations X and Y in their willingness to carry out an HIV test. The study was conducted in July 2022 with a total population of 50 sex worker at entertainment locations X and Y. Samples were taken by total sampling. Data were taken using the IBBS questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Almost half of the respondents' age group is 30-39 years old (42%), high school education respondents (82%), unmarried respondents (66%) and respondents who have worked in entertainment venues X and Y for 1-5 years (60% ). More than half of the respondents had good knowledge (76%), all respondents received support related to HIV testing from peers, pimps and health workers as well as the role of health workers who always carried out HIV tests. The better the understanding and knowledge of HIV AIDS, the more motivated they are to be willing to take an HIV test because understanding the condition is a high risk.

 

Keywords: Sex worker, HIV AIDS, HIV Test, Entertainment area
Hubungan Akses Informasi Kesehatan dengan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Authors: Fitria Anggi , Safitri Jihan , Nisa Hoirun
Published: June 2023

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young adults continue to be an important public health problem for many countries, with as many as 333 million cases of STIs occurring among young adults. The lack of reproductive health information driven by socio-cultural changes for young adults makes students vulnerable to reproductive diseases. Information obtained through the media is needed which aims to increase student or young adult knowledge regarding reproductive health. This study aims to see the relationship between access to reproductive health information and students' knowledge related to reproductive health. This study used a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study is all active students at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in 2022, that involved a sample of 266 students using a proportionate stratified random sampling . Data were analyzed using the chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. A total of 83.5% of students access reproductive health information. Data analysis shows that there is a relationship between information access to knowledge of reproductive health, from the results of the chi square statistical test found p-value < 0.001.  Meanwhile, there was no relationship between age, gender, and faculty with knowledge of reproductive health.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kemandirian Lansia di Desa Tamilouw Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Rumaolat Windarti , Soamole Idham , Sillehu Sahrir
Published: June 2023

The independence of the elderly is caused by limited physical activity and a reduction in the role of the body which can no longer function fully as a result of requiring good physical health status and also support from the family. To find out the factors related to the independence of the elderly in the village of Tamilouw, Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design, with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 69 respondents was selected by purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire and the KATZ index to see the independence of the respondents. Data processing uses the chi-square test with a significance level (p- 0.05). This study identified the variables of physical health (p. value = 0.192), family emotional support (p. value = 0.041), family information support (p. value = 0.000), family instrumental support (p. value = 0.004) and appraisal support (p. value = 0.018). Physical health factors are not related to the level of independence of the elderly while factors of emotional support, information, instrumental, and family assessment are strongly related to the level of independence of the elderly.

 
Identifkasi Bahaya, Penilaian, dan Pengendalian Risiko Proses Pengangkutan Batu Bara di PT Alam Karya Gemilang Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Sufi Fathurrahman , Yuliana Lina , Fuadi Yan
Published: June 2023

Transportation of coal production results is an activity of moving coal from the front loading area to the storage area for further transportation to the barge. The process of transporting coal is an important activity in mining activities that have a very high occupational health and safety risk. The purpose of conducting this research is to improve hazard, risk assessment, and control in the coal hauling process carried out by PT Alam Karya Gemilang. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative research. This research method is used to describe descriptively the assessment and control of occupational safety and health risks using the hazard identification risk assessment risk control (HIRARC) method at PT Alam Karya Gemilang. Data collection was carried out by direct field observation and interviews with unit operators, field supervisors, and safety personnel in the field. The results of the study contained 16 hazards which included: slippery front area, narrow front area, loading coal during the day and night, dusty roads, foggy roads, damaged units, blind spot areas, exhaust emissions, interaction with heavy equipment units, slippery roads, and bumpy roads. And of the 21 hazards there are 24 identified risks, namely 4 hazards with low risk, 8 hazards with moderate risk, and 13 hazards with high risk. Controls carried out are administrative controls and engineering techniques.
Analisis Program Sanitasi Pedesaan dalam Pemanfaatan Jamban di Desa Simpang Lancang Kabupaten bener Meriah
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Eliska Eliska
Published: June 2023

Community understanding of clean and healthy living behavior is still lacking, especially in the use of latrines. The research objective was to analyze rural sanitation programs in the use of latrines in Simpang Lancang Village, Bener Meriah Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study design. There were 9 research informants. Data collection techniques with interviews, observation, and visual images. The research results obtained are the community's seriousness in planning the construction of quality, sustainable, and environmentally sound sanitation infrastructure and facilities as well as increasing public awareness of Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS). The conclusion of the research is that the rural sanitation program has succeeded in making use of latrines in the village through several important stages of activity starting from the preparation stage, the construction implementation stage, and the post-construction stage. The recommendation of this research is that it is hoped that there will be continuity of programs in the same or other similar forms that are community-based in order to improve public health status
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penyediaan Dokumen Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Berliana Berliana , Nyorong Mappeaty , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: June 2023

According to Permenkes 269/2008 concerning medical records in Article paragraph 1, medical records are files containing notes and documents about patient identity, examination, treatment, action, and other services that have been provided to patients. Several things that can support the distribution of outpatient medical record files can be carried out properly are the ability of medical record officers, medical record management systems and adequate storage locations. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the time of providing outpatient medical record files at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan.The study used an analytic survey method with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was outpatient medical record officers in as many as 75 officers with a sample using a total sample technique of 75 officers. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with chi-square test statistics.The results of the chi-square test analysis showed that the p-value of each variable, including knowledge, obtained p-value = 0.026, human resources obtained p-value = 0.013 and infrastructure obtained p-value = 0.005.The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of knowledge, human resources and infrastructure with the time of providing outpatient medical record files. It is hoped that it can increase the knowledge of medical record officers in hospitals through the provision of medical record training as well as improve the function of the quality committee in hospitals related to the implementation and provision of medical record documents, increase the number of human resources in the field of medical records in each unit and improve monitoring and evaluation functions for staff officers who do not work according to the standard of providing medical records, increasing the number of file storage racks, and providing the use of different lifts so that the distribution of RM documents is carried out faster
MODIFICAÇÕES NA NANOCELULOSE BACTERIANA PARA APLICAÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DE FERIDAS
Authors: Colli Taciely Campana , Rodrigues Ana Elisa , Xavier Junior Gesner Francisco , Pittella Camila Quinetti Paes , Nascimento Thiago Cesar
Published: June 2023

OBJETIVO: Identificar as alterações mais recentes realizadas na superfície da NCB, descrevendo e avaliando o efeito destas modificações no tratamento de feridas MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura entre os meses de dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 buscando artigos originais encontrados na íntegra em português e inglês publicados nos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados BVS, Cochrane Library, Embase e MEDLINE via Pubmed. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 646 artigos no total através da busca eletrônica nas bases de dados, entretanto após análise criteriosa foram selecionados 30 estudos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Esses estudos evidenciaram resultados positivos da redução dos níveis de inflamação e do tempo de cicatrização, na melhora da dor, no combate à microrganismos, na redução da área das feridas além de demonstrar aumento na proliferação celular. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível observar que os pesquisadores estão cada vez mais empenhados em desenvolver compostos inovadores que estimulem o processo cicatricial. No presente estudo foi evidenciado que a Nanocelulose Bacteriana pura é um excelente biomaterial para aplicação em tecidos lesionados, porém, quando esta tem a sua superfície alterada através da incorporação de diferentes ativos, tem-se uma otimização das suas características tornando-a um recurso biotecnológico de alto padrão para a cicatrização de feridas. Sugere-se o investimento em estudos que avaliem outras possibilidades de alterações na superfície da Nanocelulose Bacteriana, visto que esta é uma partícula inovadora de fácil manuseio e de alta eficácia no tratamento de feridas.
Water discharge and sediment flux intermittency in the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spain: Implications for changes in stratigraphic architecture
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Whittaker Alexander , Adatte Thierry , Castelltort Sebastien
Published: June 2023

Water discharge and sediment flux variations are important parameters controlling the morphodynamical behavior of rivers. Although quantitative estimates for discharge and flux variability are well constrained for modern rivers, far fewer assessments of flow and sediment flux intermittency in ancient fluvial systems from the rock record are available. In this study we explore the relationship between water discharge, sediment flux variability and patterns of changing fluvial stratigraphic architecture in the Middle Eocene Escanilla Formation, Spain. We estimate water discharge intermittency factor (IWF) to range from 0.03 – 0.11 in the HA intervals and from 0.10 – 0.32 in the LA intervals. Sediment flux intermittency factor (ISF) is in the range of 0.008 – 0.01 in the HA intervals and from 0.01 – 0.03 in the LA intervals. Consequently, we suggest that high amalgamation (HA) intervals were most likely deposited under more intermittent and short-lived intense precipitation events, while low amalgamation (LA) intervals were the result of less intermittent flows spread throughout the year. Overall, our estimates are consistent with values from modern ephemeral rivers typically found in arid to semi-arid climatic conditions, which is in agreement with available proxy data for the Middle Eocene climatic context of the studied alluvial system. Our data highlights the important connection between hydroclimate, river morphodynamics and landscape evolution, and has implications to predict river flow and sediment transport across the Earth’s surface in the geological past.
Is there Information in Residuals: Hydrograph and Recession Flows Predictions using Deep Learning?
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , McKenna Sean
Published: June 2023

This study examines streamflow simulations using deep learning (DL) to: (1) Understand why global DL models trained on multiple watersheds outperform local DL models trained on single watersheds, given the watershed uniqueness hypothesis and (2) Improve recession flow simulation accuracy. It introduces a novel global-local (GL) modeling strategy, where global model outputs are fed as input to a locally trained model, with the hypothesis that this strategy can leverage both global and watershed-specific information. GL models demonstrate enhanced accuracy in recession flow prediction for 30% of the watersheds compared to global and local models. However, considering the entire hydrograph, GL models often perform worse than the global model. Our results suggest that watershed uniqueness play a significant role in the performance of global models, suggesting that even global LSTM models should be tailored to individual watersheds.
On Being A Canadian Actor: Two Perspectives
Authors: Thomas Powys , Chadwick Burnard
Published: June 2023

(Ed. Note: The status — or lack of status — of the artist in Canada is a subject that has been debated on many occasions. In the following two interviews, the developing status of the Canadian actor is examined by Burnard Chadwick, director of Actor’s Equity in Canada and veteran Stratford actor Powys Thomas.)
The Designer’s Dilemma
Authors: Strike Maurice
Published: June 2023

A portfolio bursting at the seams with imaginative designs will not necessarily attract a director who is wise to the inexperienced. Despite years of Art School, diplomas and bursaries awarded, there can be no guarantee of acceptance in the competitive field of stage design. Reluctant to engage an unknown quantity, the theatre often discourages the most talented. Sadly, not only are the inexperienced victims of the profession — leading designers are often totally ignored by major companies.
On Directing In Canada
Authors: Hirsch John
Published: June 2023

CTR: You were one of the founding directors of the Manitoba Theatre Centre. What was the theatre in this country like at that time? HIRSCH: At that time all the people who were involved were really true pioneers. That is, I can think of very few people in Canadian theatre at that time who were pursuing that course because they wanted to build themselves a career. They were really solely interested in creating a theatrical network in this country.
On Directing Abroad
Authors: Gass Ken
Published: June 2023

CTR: Why did you want to take the Factory Theatre to London? GASS: A lot of people seriously ask that question and I think the question itself is healthy. People are no longer assuming that one has to go to London or New York for approval. The scene is good here, why go away? For us, it was simply seeking a change in our work atmosphere and the whole project posed many challenges that I felt would be healthy for the company. Dangerous, but healthy. I think any company has to keep growing and changing or else it dies. Beyond these internal reasons, we wanted to see if any of our work would connect in another context. Also we wanted to beg in reversing the constant one-way flow of British culture to Canada.
Canada’s Great Theatre Prophet: Roy Who?
Authors: Moore Mavor
Published: June 2023

“We can deny words and paint and music utterly and still have a good theatre. Deny motion and we have no theatre at all.” “No playwright ever altered the house by so much as a single brick. The greatest playwright we ever had wrote for the innyard he found.” “Vocal sound is often most eloquent when there are no words at all, only sighs, groans, grunts, laughter, weeping, or the little inarticulate sounds with which skilful actors open, break or close a speech.”
Edmonton
Authors: Schoenberg Mark
Published: June 2023

With all the recent hubub surrounding the question of a Canadian identity for the theatre in this country, I think we’ve lost sight of a more crucial question — that of the standard achieved by those producing in our theatres — whether the work be new Canadian or from the standard repertory. It seems to me that the real concern should not be over whether or not what we do is “Canadian” — but, rather, over whether or not what we do is any good. It’s fast becoming a sorry joke to see the cliche of the tired business man gently sleeping through the first act of a badly produced play, being awakened at the intermission by the polite ripple of applause, and then hearing him, as he gulps his overbrewed coffee, tell his equally somnolent friends that he is having a very pleasant evening.
Toronto
Authors: Erdelyi Joseph
Published: June 2023

There are few conversations among theatre people in the country which do not include favorable comments on how far the Canadian theatre has come during the past decade. We now have well-managed, professional theatres not only in the larger cities but in many of the smaller centres. People in the profession talk with special pride about both qualitative and quantitative changes, about some of the old-established amateur theatres which have turned professional, about some others which are sure to take the plunge soon or even about some of the many small amateur groups around the country which make a valuable contribution to educating the public. Moreover, they usually note with satisfaction, many of our theatres are now showing original Canadian plays.
Reality and Theatre by Naim Kattan
Authors: Schlosser Anatol
Published: June 2023

At one time or another, most of us ask the question, “What is theatre?” We accept it, but what “it” is often eludes us and we equally-often resist attempts at intellectualization of something about which we have strong feelings. When we answer, the response is almost instinctive: theatre is an art. However, some forget that art has the same root as the words artifice and artificial, a root which should make it clear that art is not real, is not natural. Theatre, from its inception and separation from ritual, was not considered real; it was and is artifice. The Greeks with their use of masks, the Kathakali with its dehumanizing costumes and makeup, through Brecht and his V-effect, were always conscious of the fact that theatre presented that which was not real, not life, but merely aspects, mirrors, realistic slices, rpflprtions, imitations of the real.
An Editorial Viewpoint
Authors: Rubin Don , Mezei Stephen , Stuart Ross
Published: June 2023

The Canadian Theatre Review is a magazine about Canada today which means, to some extent, that it is also a magazine about Canada as it existed in the past and as it may exist in the years to come. There are, of course, many magazines in existence which, in one way or another, deal with Canada. What makes CTR unique is its perspective: Canada as seen through the eyes of its theatre artists. This is our view, our own way in. But because the perspective is a focussed one, it does not necessarily follow that the potential audience for CTR will be small. There are many thousands of people working today in the Canadian theatre and we hope to reach them all.
A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Doolittle Joyce
Published: June 2023

A search for the origins of Theatre for Children might seem to lead most obviously to ritual and fertility rites. Actually, it leads on to contraceptives. It is only with the more widespread use of birth control and the gradual and general rise in the standards of living over the past four centuries that the idea of “childhood” as a special and separate stage of life could occur. The idea of the family as we understand it today would have been an impossible luxury in the 13th or 14th century. One has only to search carefully for pictures of children in the art of the middle ages to be reminded that as soon as a child was out of swaddling clothes, he was dressed as a mature adult.
Notes On The Young Traveller
Authors: Frost Ruth C.
Published: June 2023

The tension between illusion and reality has been the subject of many philosophical treatises and much experiment by child psychologists. Piaget was one of the few who both wrote and did practical experiments with children although the numbers he dealt with were really too small for effective analysis. However, he did conclude that children explore the reality of the world very actively primarily through their senses and then through experimentation and magical theories of how things work. It is only after a long process of development that they arrive at the kind of logical thinking that grown-ups regard as realistic.
Kids And Crossovers
Authors: Reaney James
Published: June 2023

During the national tour of my Donnelly trilogy quite a few thoughtful observers asked me about the connection between the writing of the plays and my work with children. Sometimes this question was put as: “What is the link between the workshops with kids we hear you and your actors had in Halifax with the trilogy as it is now presented — for example — we see string games in Part One and tops in Two, shadow games in Handcuffs (Part Three), what …?” Well, I shall now try to answer these questions and what is more I hope also to suggest even more connections that might be made between an interest in games, play activity, children’s drama and the adult theatre.
Explorations In Edmonton
Authors: Barnet David
Published: June 2023

Five thousand children entered the elevator, eight at a time, over five days, each group led by a Bumbly. They were in the Land of Notmonde, a project in Children’s Theatre and children’s play created by the Department of Art and Design and the Department of Drama at the University of Alberta, for the Edmonton Home Show in March 1975.
The Case For Children’s Scripts
Authors: Redfern Jon
Published: June 2023

Except for actors there are not many people who seriously read children’s plays. Once produced they are stored away like old toys never to be seen again. In most cases their immediate oblivion is a good thing.
The Leningrad Tuz
Authors: Doolittle Joyce
Published: June 2023

The Leningrad Theatre of the Young Spectator was founded in 1922 in an abandoned school house. The “found” space used there was shaped to encourage thrust staging with room for 500 to 600 seats. This seating arrangement worked so well for 50 years that when the founder, Alexander Bryantzev planned the new building, he asked for, and received, a thrust stage and seating for 1,000 children. No one is very far from the stage, however, and the house feels intimate.
Trumpeting The Ace
Authors: Swann Peter
Published: June 2023

For many years Canada has been seeking a cultural identity. Millions of dollars and great energies have been invested; administrators and organizers have struggled against overwhelming odds and good people have gone to the wall. Conflicts have done great damage both to them and to the country. It has dawned on many that, in some respects, we have been building on an unstable foundation.
Ibsen In Norway
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

In the centre of Bergen, Norway’s second largest city, sits the National Theatre and next to the National is a larger-than-life sized statue of Norway’s most important playwright — Bjornsterne Bjornson. There is, contrary to the expectation of most visitors, no statue of Ibsen in Bergen; in fact, one would be hard-pressed to find statues of Ibsen anywhere in Norway. Time has obviously still not healed the wounds of a century ago. There are grudging memorials to Ibsen, of course, in Norway (there is a small Ibsen Museum in his home town of Skien (pronounced Shein) and Ibsen’s workroom in Oslo still attracts tourists. But that is the point — it is virtually only foreign tourists who visit. There is not now, nor has there ever been, anywhere near the regard for Ibsen in Norway that there has always been for his contemporary, Bjornson. As the owner of a Bergen antique store told me when I asked why I was having difficulty obtaining any of Bjornson’s works in English given his popularity and esteem, “Ibsen you can find in English because he wrote for the world and lived in the world. Bjornson lived only in Norway and wrote only for us.”
Victorian and Edwardian Theatres; An Architectural and Social Survey
Authors: Black Malcolm
Published: June 2023

This is a beautiful, attractive and informative book, but at $25.50 it’s only likely to be sold to theatre libraries and to grace the fancier coffee tables of the country. This is a great pity, because it’s a work that gives enormous pleasure to those, like myself, who are heartily sick of the concrete mausoleums that too often pass for theatres in Canada. If it was not for such rare surviving relics as the McPherson Playhouse in Victoria and the Royal Alexandra in Toronto, most Canadians would have no idea as to the kind of theatres that most of the plays they see were originally written for. A look through Mr. Glasstone’s book will show how much we have lost, courtesy of the wrecker’s ball. This book does not just confine itself to the famous houses, like Drury Lane and The Haymarket; one of the favorite photographs, in fact, is that of the main auditorium of the Empire Music Hall in Newcastle on Tyne. The author, who took some superb photographs, has come up with a view of this old variety house with the awful backdrop awaiting some awful act to be performed before it, and the solitary double bass leaning against the stage awaiting the abuses of the local pit musician, that brings back a whole era, with its sounds and smells. Glasstone even takes us to Australia and South Africa.
The Chinese Theatre in Modern Times; Kabuki: Five Classic Plays
Authors: Schlosser Anatol
Published: June 2023

Whether it be in form or theme, imitation or inspiration, one cannot but be aware of the influence that the theatre of Asia has had on the theatre in the West. Artaud recognized a debt of gratitude to Balinese theatre, Yeats misinterpreted the Japanese Noh, Brecht borrowed from the Chinese, and other major playwrights and directors, as well as many minor ones, have utilized and attempted to incorporate elements of Asian theatre into their own works. With the cessation of hostilities in the Far East, and the development of diplomatic and economic relations with a number of those nations, we can expect an increased amount of cultural exchange in the form of visiting performing groups, and perhaps see a concomitant influence in our theatre. The past two years have witnessed the visits of acrobats from China, Bengalese and Kathakali dancers from India, the Kita Noh Company from Japan, and most recently, the Burmese National Dance Company. Of course there has been and still is, Asian theatrical activity on some of the campuses of the larger universities of North America, but if there is to be any activity in professional theatre, even more exposure and knowledge is needed.
Aside: A Question Of Priorities
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

Subsidy is a difficult concept to deal with in any country and as money becomes tighter and tighter in Canada, the question of theatrical subsidy becomes more and more important. On a national level, the major theatrical funding agency is, of course, the Canada Council which this year made grants of some $6 million to nearly 100 theatrical organizations.
SOLANGE and GOGLU
Authors: Barbeau Jean , Burek John Van
Published: June 2023

CAUTION: Permission to perform this play must be obtained in writing from the authors and royalties must be paid on every performance. Unauthorized reproduction of this script for any reason whatsoever is forbidden by copyright. The author may be contacted through his agent, John Goodwin, 3823 Melrose Avenue, Montreal, Quebec who is authorized to negotiate. All photos are from the Pleiade Theatre production.
Hirsch and the CBC
Authors: Page Malcolm
Published: June 2023

When stage director John Hirsch took over as head of CBC television drama in December 1973, the department was in search of a direction in which to go. Since that time, Hirsch has shown that he knows the plays and the groups making up most of current Canadian theatre, and more importantly, he has brought some of them to television, most for the first time. He has shown an openness to both the obscure and the obvious. Nevertheless, the future is bleak, for Hirsch is facing big budget cuts. For instance, commercial breaks that had been eliminated in 1975 in the Performance series will have to come back in 1976. Hirsch has also been told won’t stop us from getting a glimp se from time to time of groups such as Vancouver’s Tamahnous.
Halifax’s Project 30
Authors: MacEachen Janet
Published: June 2023

Halifax is a frustrating place to live if you’re interested in theatre. I mean, as soon as something starts dveloping, it seems to go backward in leaps and bounds with great facility, and very rapidly. Perhaps when an experiment looks promising and valuable, the great political money dealer-outers fear supporting the poor cultural relative for life. Consequently, the project gets nipped in its little grease-painted bud. seeing this happen to the first Project 30 group, the second year hopefuls wouldn’t take the chance.
Prairie Profile: The Globe
Authors: Silvester Reg
Published: June 2023

Given Saskatchewan’s political history, and the fact that Regina is a capital city in a province with a social democratic government, theatrical didactidism doesn’t represent risk-taking — it’s good business. In Regina, Sue and Ken Kramer’s Globe Theatre has followed this viewpoint and as a result, their audiences have grown steadily. Two years ago, the Globe drew 17,000 paying customers, representing 89 per cent of capacity. Last year, the plays ran longer and attendance was still increasing.
Shakespeare as Proto-American
Authors: Berry Ralph
Published: June 2023

The Shakespeare movement around the world is nothing if not ecumenical, and one must pause to genuflect before its global appeal. It is in essence, however, the supreme statement of the Anglo-American cultural accord. Virtually all of the preliminary speeches at the recently-held Second World Shakespeare Congress in Washington D.C. (the first was held in Vancouver in 1971) laboured the connection between Shakespeare and America. It is probably fair to say that Shakespeare is in good standing as a proto-American, much as the Middle Ages regarded Virgil as an honorary Christian.
Citrouille; Une Brosse
Authors: Burek John Van
Published: June 2023

Both these plays strike me as having their roots in that peculiarly French tradition of staged intellectualism. Citrouille is ostensibly about women’s lib, and has about it all the trappings of a pièce à thése and a boulevard comedy rolled into one. The whole first act seems to be predominantly boulevard farce with just enough risque spiciness in the closing scene to insure that the intermission should also be fun and that in the second act things should get even better.
Play for Today
Authors: Sherrin Robert
Published: June 2023

Play For Today is an illuminating book for professionals involved in television drama, be they writers, producers, directors or story editors. Ms. Shubik has set out to chronicle her experiences first as an aspiring television story-editor/producer, then as an actual one, first with Thames Television and “Armchair Theatre” and later with the B.B.C. and ’Play for Today“. Hence the title of her book. The personalities that fill its pages are referred to as they occur in Ms. Shubik’s professional life. Perhaps what might limit its readership is its assumed knowledge of these personalities.
Setting the Stage
Authors: Watmough David
Published: June 2023

When I was first asked to act as theme editor for this issue of CTR, I accepted without much hesitation. I was eager to put together an issue which would bring into the fresh air matters that are generally discussed clandestinely and within intra-mural groups: straight theatre people with fellow straights, and gays with gays.
Straight Goods
Authors: Nicol Eric
Published: June 2023

I speak for an oppressed minority in the theatre. The un-gay. (No sooner said than I realize that “un-gay” is pig latin for gun. Gun pointed at my own head. I know that what I am about to blurt out will tell more about me than about homosexuals in the theatre. If it takes one to know one, I am disqualified from informed comment. Am, indeed, just another theatre critic.)
The Theatre of Implication
Authors: Jackson Graham
Published: June 2023

Gay theatre has a longer history than the gay novel — but not nearly so fertile a one. From the very beginning, innuendo has been the chief means of conveying homosexual themes to the theatre audience. The reasons for this are rather obvious; they are based in large measure on the fundamental differences (structural and otherwise) between the novel and the play. The latter requires the intervention (or interference), of more people and demands greater finances, too, in order to reach its audience. The producer as we know him in the 20th century, has had to approach the hitherto long-taboo subject of homosexuality with great caution in order to secure sound financial support. Backers, however, have not been the only group whose sensibilities have had to be appeased. The public, the majority of theatre-goers, have always insisted upon special protection from anything unpleasant. As many playwrights, directors, and producers have learned the hard way, one cannot always do on a stage what one could do without censure in a novel, the stage presentation packing a more immediate and less intellectual punch.
The Boy Bishop
Authors: Gass Ken
Published: June 2023

CAUTION: Permission to perform this play must be obtained in writing from the author and royalties must be paid on every performance. Unauthorized reproduction of this script for any reason whatsoever is forbidden by copyright. The author may be contacted through his agent, Great North Agency, 345 Adelaide St. West, Toronto, Ontario. All photos are from the Factory Theatre Lab production.
CHARLES LAUGHTON: AN INTIMATE BIOGRAPHY
Authors: Higham Charles , Stephenson Tony
Published: June 2023

Charles Laughton was born in 1899 and died at the age of sixty-three in 1962. This book by Charles Higham, subtitled An Intimate Biography, is a painstaking survey of Laughton’s life, but suffers from a lack of focus: is it an expose, an affectionate memoir, or a critical study of a successful actor, his career and technique? It seems to want to be all of these things at once and succeeds in being none of them whole-heartedly.
FIRST READING TO FIRST NIGHT: A Candid Look At Stage Directing
Authors: Black Malcolm , Gilbert Edward
Published: June 2023

This little book is welcome for its good humour and good sense. Professor Black gracefully skirts the usual pitfalls of a “how to” manual by remaining resolutely undogmatic. “The rightway to direct.” he tells us. “is the wav that works for each director in the given situation.” Even so, the very structure of the book tactfully advises the would-be director to start at the beginning and proceed, via the middle , for as long as possible. In passing, Professor Black is generous with helpful hints , often in the form of anecdote. My favourite is the observation, courtesy of Luther Adler, that you can’t make pineapples out of shit.
Aside: The International Critics Conference
Authors: Rubin Don
Published: June 2023

For many years, theatre people world-wide have complained about the difficulty of finding out what is happening theatrically in other countries. During meetings of the International Theatre Institute in West Berlin last year, editors and critics from a number of major international theatre publications decided that something had to be done to improve the situation, and set about organizing a series of conferences to discuss this and related problems.
The Gayden Chronicles
Authors: Cook Michael
Published: June 2023

CAUTION: Permission to perform this play must be obtained in writing from the author and royalties must be paid on every performance. Unauthorized reproduction of this script for any reason whatsoever is forbidden by copyright. The author may be contacted at Box 327, R.R. 1, Petley, Random Island, Newfoundland.
Radio Drama at the CBC
Authors: Spoerly Frederick
Published: June 2023

CBC’s English Services Division recently published “The Report of the CBC Radio Study Group on Programming of and About Arts, Music, and Drama.” Ostensibly an internal document, its wide distribution outside the Corporation indicates that CBC gives it considerable weight and by implication treats it as the catalyst for a new approach to its arts programming.
Reclaiming Our Theatrical Past
Authors: Stuart Ross
Published: June 2023

The Association for Canadian Theatre History (Association d’Histoire du Théâtre au Canada) has been born. May it thrive and prosper — it’s long overdue.
Theatre at NAC: The Southam Years
Authors: Wells Karen
Published: June 2023

There has always been some difficulty involved with putting up a building like the National Arts Centre (re-christened “Fort Culture” a few years back by some university students) and then looking for a theatre to put inside of it. Hamilton Southam and the English-language theatre department have not been able to put the cart behind the horse at the NAC and, as a result, no consequential theatre programme has been developed there. Now that Southam’s reign as Director-General is drawing to a close (he is being replaced in April, 1977 by Donald MacSween — currently Director-General of the National Theatre School), it is an appropriate time to reflect on the activities and problems that the theatre has experienced under Southam’s administration.