bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic, Biochemical, and Morphological Diversity of the Legume Biofuel Tree Pongamia pinnata
Authors: Jiang Qunyi , Yen Shang-Heng , Stiller Jiri , Edwards David , Scott Paul T. , Gresshoff Peter M.
Published: June 2019

Pongamia pinnata is regarded as a sustainable biofuel feedstock of the future because of its abundant production of oil-rich seeds, tolerance to abiotic stress, and ability to undergo biological nitrogen fixation (minimizing nitrogen inputs). However, it needs extensive domestication through selection and genetic improvement. Owing to its outcrossing nature, Pongamia displays large phenotypic diversity, which is advantageous for selection of desirable phenotypes but problematic for plantation management. In this study, variation was evaluated for seed mass, oil content, and oil composition. To evaluate genetic diversity and to lay the basis for a molecular breeding approach we developed second generation sequencing (2GS)-derived ISSR markers (Pongamia Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats; PISSR). The special feature of PISSRs is that the number of nucleotide repeats and the 5’ and 3’ nucleotide extensions were not arbitrarily chosen, but were based on Pongamia genomic sequences obtained from a NGS (Illumina®) database. Amplification products were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining or automated capillary electrophoresis to yield distinct and reproducible profiles. Polymorphic bands were excised from polyacrylamide gels and sequenced to reveal similarity to DNA sequences from other legumes. We demonstrated: 1) an abundance of nucleotide core repeats in the Pongamia genome, 2) large genetic and phenotypic diversity among randomly sampled Pongamia trees, 3) restricted diversity in progeny derived from a single mature tree; 4) stability of PISSR markers in Pongamia clones; and 5) genomic DNA sequences within PISSR markers. PISSRs provide a valuable biotechnology tool for assessment of genetic diversity, gene tagging and molecular breeding in Pongamia pinnata.
Soybean Seed Amino Acid Content QTL Detected Using the Universal Soy Linkage Panel 1.0 with 1,536 SNPs
Authors: Fallen Benjamin D. , Hatcher Catherine N. , Allen Fred L. , Kopsell Dean A. , Saxton Arnold M. , Chen Pengyin , Kantartzi Stella K. , Cregan Perry B. , Hyten David L. , Pantalone Vincent R.
Published: June 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the primary source of meal used in animal feed in the U.S. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate genomic regions controlling amino acid composition is soybean. Designing soybean seed compositions that will benefit animal production is essential. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions controlling essential and non-essential amino acid composition in soybean seed proteins. To achieve this objective, 282 F5:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross of Essex × Williams 82 were used. Ground soybean seed samples were analyzed for amino acids and statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among genotypes in the population for all amino acid concentrations. The Universal Soy Linkage Panel (USLP) 1.0 of 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers were used to genotype the 282 RILs and identify 480 useful genetic markers. The software R/qtl was used to identify candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL), which were validated using R/MQM. A total of ten QTL were detected on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 20 that explained 5 to 14% of the total phenotypic variation for a particular amino acid. Using SNPs from the USLP 1.0 to detect QTL for amino acids in soybean provides additional information to select genotypes with enhanced amino acid profiles that will benefit animal production.
Una aproximación empírica a la viabilidad de los emprendimientos sociales en México: el ciclo de vida de las cooperativas de la Región de la Costa de Oaxaca
Authors: Sosa González José Luis Sergio , Gómez Abad Patricio , Carmona Silva José Luis , Medel Sánchez José Manuel
Published: June 2019

Con el fin de conocer los factores, actores y comportamientos principales que impactan la viabilidad y permanencia de las cooperativas en México y generar conocimiento que coadyuve al rediseño de políticas públicas para el desarrollo de la economía social, en este trabajo se describe el proceso que en términos generales siguen treinta cooperativas de la Región de la Costa de Oaxaca en busca de mantenerse y desarrollarse en contextos sociales y económicos que les son adversos. Se analizan, desde los aspectos que cohesionan inicialmente al grupo social de fundadores, hasta su consolidación como cooperativas auto-sostenibles de producción o servicios, o en su defecto hasta la desintegración real de la cooperativa. Se identifican las etapas de cohesión social inicial, construcción del proyecto cooperativo, formulación del proyecto de inversión, gestión del financiamiento, puesta en marcha y operaciones, así como consolidación o desintegración real. Para su realización, se utilizó el método de análisis y síntesis, respaldado con cincuenta entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave de las treinta cooperativas. Se hizo énfasis en identificar normas formales e informales que regulan la interacción social, motivaciones y comportamientos de los actores involucrados, así como los principales obstáculos que enfrentan los cooperativistas en cada etapa. Asimismo, se buscó identificar en qué medida el éxito o fracaso del emprendimiento social depende de factores y actores externos al grupo social o de los aspectos internos de índole social, institucional, económico, técnico, organizacional y político de quienes integran las cooperativas.
La observancia de la bioética en el cuidado paliativo de enfermos con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
Authors: Scull Torres Maricela
Published: June 2019

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de etiología desconocida, curso progresivo y pronóstico desfavorable, para la cual no existe tratamiento curativo. Muchos son los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la atención de un paciente con ELA. El manejo apropiado de los problemas éticos es de gran importancia en todas las etapas de la ELA. Es objetivo del siguiente trabajo identificar las categorías éticas más vulneradas que atentan la calidad de la atención a estos pacientes. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, observacional descriptiva longitudinal se empleó la observación participativa y se tomó como base el espectro completo de cuestiones éticas en la atención de pacientes con ELA. Como resultado se encontró cumplimiento incompleto del respeto al derecho del paciente a una información completa, poca consideración de las consecuencias de la información insuficiente, así como irrespeto por las preferencias de la persona enferma en el tratamiento de situaciones de emergencia. Las categorías más vulneradas por los profesionales de salud fueron: el proceso de toma de decisiones, la toma de decisiones al final de la vida y la indicación médica.
Comités de Bioética Clínico Asistencial en las instituciones de salud públicas y privadas de los niveles de mediana y alta complejidad de las ciudades de la costa atlántica de Colombia
Authors: Carrillo González Stephanye , Lorduy Gómez Jaime , Muñoz Baldiris Ruby
Published: June 2019

Los comités de bioética asistencial son grupos interdisciplinarios que se ocupan de la docencia para los miembros de dicho comité, para todo el personal de la institución hospitalaria incluidos los docentes y estudiantes que en ella realicen sus prácticas, y para miembros de la comunidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la situación de los comités de bioética clínico asistenciales en las instituciones de salud en la Costa Atlántica de Colombia entre 2010-2016. Estudio descriptivo transversal retroprospectivo. Se seleccionaron 26 instituciones de salud que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, a las cuales se les aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22. Este estudio cumplió las normas éticas en Investigación. La denominación más utilizada por parte de los comités es Comité de ética hospitalaria. Solo la mitad tiene un personal capacitado en ética o bioética, la función que más sobresale es la educación en aspectos éticos; sin embargo, en el mismo porcentaje hay comités que se dispersan en la opinión al no tener clara su funcionalidad. Los comités deberían poner en práctica la aplicación de los referentes éticos y bioéticos existentes y, asimismo, se deberían gestionar proyectos de ley que ayuden a ser más operantes a los comités de las instituciones de salud en cuanto estructura y funcionamiento.
Impact of Performance Contracting on Public Service Delivery in the National Government Administration in Kenya: Case of Eldoret West Sub-County
Authors: Ang’anyo Michael , Mbatha Januaris
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of performance contracting on public service delivery, in the National Government Administration, Eldoret West Sub-County.  The study examined the effect of financial stewardship, human resource management and the role of resolution of public complaints on service delivery. Two theories informed this study: The New Public Management Theory and the Principal Agent Theory. Descriptive survey research design was utilized. The target population constituted members of the public who consume public services provided by the 63 National Government Administrative officers in Eldoret West Sub-County (NGAO), 19 Heads of Departments and officials from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). A sample size of 170 respondents was selected using quota sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Data analysis and management was done by use of SPSS Version 21 and MS Excel. The gamma measure of association between financial stewardship and service delivery was +0.5. This is a moderate strength pointing to the existence of other factors that drive service delivery. The spearman’s Rank Order measure of correlation (rs) between human resource management and service delivery was +0.67. This indicates moderate association, hence a clear pointer to a combination of other factors driving service delivery. There was minimal variability across the various dimensions of complaints handling mechanisms and their effect on improving service delivery. It was therefore recommended that National Government Administration need to continuously build capacity on both its officers and members of the public on the financial accountability framework, tie human resource management and development practices to other policies as well as engage and sensitize members of the public on performance contracting process and complaints handling mechanisms.
A Comparative Analysis of Adjustment of Nigerian Selected Macro Economic Variables to Deregulated Exchange Rate System
Authors: Amakor Ifeoma Chinelo , Eneh Onyinye
Published: June 2019

This study is a comparative analysis of how Nigerian macro economic variables of Balance of Payment and Real Sector performance (surrogated by Real Gross Domestic Product) reacted to exchange rate deregulation in Nigeria. One of the reasons why countries deregulate their exchange rate is to avail themselves the benefits of international trade, and the international trade transaction of every nation is depicted in its balance of payment position. In order to ascertain the significance of Naira deregulated exchange rate on the selected variables, a pre and post deregulation analyses were carried out using Paired Sample T Test staring from 1960 to 1985 as pre deregulation period and 1986 to 2011 as post deregulation period. The result revealed that both Balance of Payment and Real Sector Performance reacted significantly to exchange rate deregulation. While the influence of deregulation of exchange rate on Balance of Payment was negative, it showed a positive influence on Real Sector performance. The researchers concluded that deregulation of exchange rate did not increase the Nigerian general export, but oil export only, which is also an indication that Nigerian domestic industries did not contribute significantly to the country’s export level. We recommend that the monetary authority can consider placing a crawling peg on Naira exchange rate level in order to regulate the level of currency depreciation; this will reduce the cost of production for the domestic industries as most of their raw materials are imported. Again the export ability of the Nigerian domestic industries can be enhanced by granting them export incentives such as free international packaging and external credit guarantee.
Advocating for the Rejuvenation of Jatra Performance
Authors: Sen Jashodhara
Published: June 2019

The popular theater of West Bengal known as Jatra derives from devotional forms of performance going back a few centuries. In the nineteenth century, the form contributed to India's emerging independence movement, and Jatra became a significant voice for social concerns in the twentieth century. The bibek—a narrator/character who performs as a conscience—contributed to Jatra's effectiveness in advocating for social issues.
Aesthetics of Desublimation in Kate Chopin'sThe Awakening
Authors: Kang Meeyoung
Published: June 2019

Kate Chopin's The Awakening (1899) is a feminist novel in which woman's resistance against patriarchal society occurs and also a tragedy that ends with the protagonist's suicide. Keeping alive in their common sensuality and homoeroticism running counter to the ideologies of patriarchal society, the resistant power is consummated by the suicide of the female protagonist. The aesthetic dimensions of The Awakening are examined as the main means of reinforcing the feminist resistance. Specifically, the novel ultimately embodies desublimation in terms of the aesthetics of the ugly as an antithesis of Kantian aesthetics of sublime and its transcending rationality. In this process, The Awakening raises readers’ social consciousness, rather than allowing them to transcend or sublimate it, as a cultural product that represents its materiality, while concomitantly becoming a source from which new meaning is produced in both a dialectical and revolutionary way. In this context, what I ultimately assert is the possibility of a feminist aesthetics that resists the long-held aversion to realism and women's art and embraces women's realistic tragic novel.
Immediate Family: On the Consolation, Embellishment, and Distortion of Memory
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary
Published: June 2019

I advance two claims about memory. The first is that memory itself is best conceived as consisting of scenes (or images), which thus provide the raw material for the stories that we can tell about the past. The second is that these narratives can be revised in the light of new possibilities for redescription. In support of these claims, I examine the photographer Sally Mann's stunning (and controversial) 1992 series entitled “Immediate Family.” By appealing to Ian Hacking's account of how, in the latter part of the twentieth century, multiple personality became “a culturally sanctioned way of expressing distress,” I argue that both the condemnation of Mann's work and the explosion in diagnoses of multiple personality were ultimately rooted in the then-popular belief that memories of childhood abuse determined adult character.
contaminación ambiental en los acuíferos de Ecuador. Necesidad de su reversión desde las políticas públicas con enfoque bioético
Authors: Tello Lucas Guanoquiza , Sánchez Alcides Antúnez
Published: June 2019

El Ecuador es un país rico en recursos hídricos. La interacción del hombre con la biosfera suscita problemas: contaminación del suelo, aire y agua; y cuestiones: hambre y perdidas de flora y fauna. Estas interrogantes pertenecen a la ecología y a la bioética. En América Latina, el reconocimiento del agua como un derecho humano fundamental y como sujeto de derechos dentro del marco de los derechos de la naturaleza en la nación ecuatoriana, constituye un paso indispensable para precautelar la seguridad hídrica en los territorios, que garantice el efectivo goce y ejercicio de los derechos a una vida digna, salud, alimentación, vivienda, cultura, ambiente sano y la permanencia de los ciclos naturales del agua como un bien desde los pueblos originarios. El análisis del agua tiene múltiples análisis en cantidad, calidad y distribución de los recursos hídricos, en la interpretación de lo que sucede con el agua en el Ecuador. Uno de los aspectos considerados aún con debilidad es el referido a la calidad, afectada por actividades y procesos contaminantes que plantean una ausencia de políticas y acciones estatales claras y efectivas como un complejo fenómeno social, económico y ambiental, que constituye uno de los más serios obstáculos para el “buen vivir”. Necesitado de procesos de formación ambiental desde la bioética.
Influence of the microbiological quality of raw milk on the shelf life of pasteurized milk
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos , Oliveira Aline Marangon de , Silva Fernando Godoi , Garcia Lorena Natalino Haber , Lobo Cátia Maria de Oliveira , Alexandrino Bruna , Tamanini Ronaldo , Beloti Vanerli
Published: June 2019

The dairy industry strives to produce high quality products with high nutritional value as well as to meet the legal standards for longer shelf life. However, these goals are made unfeasible by the poor quality of raw milk produced in some regions of Brazil. Others Brazilian dairy regions, however, already succeed in producing milk with low microbial counts, such as the municipality of Castro, Paraná state, designated as the ‘Brazilian dairy capital’. In order to evaluate the effect of raw milk quality on microbial counts during the shelf life of pasteurized milk, samples were collected from two dairy regions of Paraná: the northern and Castro region, characterized by milk production with high and low microbiological counts, respectively. Samples were experimentally pasteurized and the total microorganism counts were analyzed for 18 days at 7°C, using the Brazilian standard microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk (8 x 104 CFU/mL) as the end of the shelf life. Low microbiological counts in raw milk (Castro) resulted in significantly lower counts shortly after pasteurization and over the entire shelf life, meeting the pasteurized milk standard for 18 days. The temporal evolution in the counts over 18 days for the milks of high and low microbiological count was similar; however, the disparity between the absolute counts between the regions was significant (p < 0.05). Of the milk samples from northern Paraná, four (44.4%) already had counts higher than that of the legislative limit for pasteurized milk immediately after pasteurization. The others (five) reached the maximum microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk on the 6th day after pasteurization. In contrast, the milk from the Castro region remained below the limit throughout the analysis period. Thus, it can be stated that the microbiological quality of raw milk is directly related to the initial count of microorganisms after pasteurization, and that pasteurized milk produced from raw milk with low microbiological counts complies with the Brazilian legislation for 18 days following thermal processing.
Clinical and hematological prognostic factors in dogs with parvoviral enteritis and sepsis
Authors: Alves Fernanda dos Santos , Barbosa Breno Curty , Coelho Nathalia Dorneles das Graças , Pinto Paula Costa de Oliveira , Campos Marco Túlio Gomes , Horta Rodrigo Santos , Freitas Patricia Maria Coletto , Beier Suzane Lilian , Paes Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Parvoviral enteritis is a common viral infection in dogs and is associated with many clinical and hematological changes. Bacterial translocation is a common complication and may result in sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of clinical and hematological factors associated with the risk of death in puppies with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis and sepsis. Twenty-four dogs with parvoviral enteritis confirmed by chromatographic immunoassay during the clinical routine of a university veterinary hospital were selected. At admission and every 24 hours until the third day of hospitalization or until death, venous blood samples were collected for complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, and lactate and magnesium measurement; arterial blood samples were collected for gas analysis. Sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were also analyzed, and a complete physical examination was performed. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox univariate analysis at a level of significance of 5%. The increase in urea and heart rate was associated with an increase in the risk of death. In contrast, an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, partial pressure of oxygen, base deficit, bicarbonate ion, and oxygen saturation were associated with a reduction in the risk of death.
In vitro embryos production of oocytes selected based on follicular size and by brilliant cresyl blue staining
Authors: Barros Fabiana Dakkach de Almeida , Adona Paulo Roberto , Guemra Samuel , De Bem Tiago Henrique Camara , Monzani Paulo Sergio , Leal Claudia Lima Verde
Published: June 2019

We evaluated the competence of bovine oocytes via morphological selection associated with follicular diameter and by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining, in order to improve oocyte selection and the efficiency of in vitro embryo production. Follicles with small (2 < 4 mm), large (4–8 mm) or mixed (2–8 mm) diameters were aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries. Next, the morphologically categorized oocytes were stained and evaluated with 26 ?M of BCB (90 min), followed by an assessment of in vitro maturation (MII) and blastocyst production. Oocytes from the large (61.1 ± 3.9%) and mixed (52.9 ± 4.6%) follicular groups showed comparable (p > 0,05) BCB+ rates, but both differed (p < 0.05) as compared to the small-diameter group (41.0 ± 4.5%). Between the BCB+ and BCB – oocytes, there was no difference (p > 0,05) in MII rate in the mixed (respectively 86.7 ± 3.4 and 75.8 ± 2.2), large (respectively 89.4 ± 2.6 and 79.7 ± 2.3) and small (respectively 76.7 ± 2.9 and 67.2 ± 2.5) diameter groups. Comparing BCB (+ and -) oocytes, we observed (p > 0,05) no change in the percentage of embryos in the large group (respectively 67.3 ± 3.3 and 53.5 ± 5.8) and in the small group (respectively 43.8 ± 5.3 and 33.9 ± 2.2), but there was a difference (p < 0.05) in the mixed group (respectively 57.8 ± 3.9 and 39.6 ± 7.5). Furthermore, when we compared between follicular groups, the BCB+/large-diameter group (61.1 ± 3.9%) had a significant higher percentage of embryos (p < 0.05) than the small-diameter BCB+ (43.8 ± 5.3) groups. To conclude, selection procedures that use follicle size and/or BCB staining may be used as an additional tool to improve the in vitro production of embryos.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 10
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: June 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 10, 2019.
Sistemas migratorios latinoamericanos y desarrollo humano: el alcance de usar el análisis de redes sociales.
Authors: Ruiz-Santacruz Javier Sebastian
Published: June 2019

Los sistemas migratorios se han estudiado desde una perspectiva demográfica que involucra medidas clásicas de propensiones a migrar teniendo en cuenta los efectos en dos puntos particulares de origen y destino, brindando información sobre las características principales de la elección de una región específica compuesta por países. Para los sistemas migratorios, el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) proporciona una herramienta para estudiar las relaciones entre países, la importancia de cada país dentro de la red y la influencia de las variables del país en los patrones generales de una red específica. El presente artículo analiza los acumulados de migrantes proporcionados por las Naciones Unidas para observar la red acumulada más reciente. Este artículo pretende responder a dos preguntas concretas: i) ¿Cuáles son los principales países que intervienen en la red latinoamericana? ii) Si se realiza una descomposición de las variables del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) ¿Qué variables de éstas pueden afectar los patrones generales de migración? Los resultados muestran una gran influencia de la hiperconectividad de las redes, cuestión que resulta problemática a la hora de plantear modelos sobre la distribución de las migraciones en la red.
A consolidação da investigação em energias renováveis em Portugal: Redes de colaboração nacionais e internacionais
Authors: Junqueira Luis
Published: June 2019

As energias renováveis são parte essencial do actual processo de transição para sistemas energéticos baseados em energias endógenas e ambientalmente sustentáveis, mas a sua aplicação depende da sua maturação a nível de custo e ineficiente e da criação de know-how a nível local. No entanto, a literatura sobre a investigação nesta área é bastante limitada, apesar do destaque que as rubricas de energia adquiriram nos mecanismos europeus de financiamento de ciência. Este trabalho procura traçar a formação de uma comunidade de investigação em energias renováveis em Portugal num momento em que o país investiu fortemente na sua implementação, a partir da análise da produção científica e de redes de coautoria dos artigos indexados na Scopus com autores em instituições portuguesas e publicados no período 2001-2015. Os dados mostram a formação e crescimento rápido de uma comunidade sobretudo na área dos sistemas de energia e energia eólica, que reflete a sua ênfase no financiamento de ciência e as necessidades da indústria, e que se internacionalizou diversificando os seus parceiros, mas reforçando a colaboração bilateral com países com os quais mantém afinidades - Espanha (geográfica), Brasil (linguística), EUA (programa de colaboração na área).
¿Tus secretos? No, no, vendemos tu vida entera
Authors: Molina González José Luis
Published: June 2019

El capitalismo ha conseguido ampliar la extracción del valor del trabajo a la totalidad de la experiencia humana y para ello ha desarrollado una estrategia basada en el secreto, la influencia política, la hiperescala, la aplicación intensiva de la inteligencia artificial y la colonización del espacio físico, más allá del medio digital. El libro de Shoshana Zuboff, "The Age of Surveillance Capitalism", también puede entenderse desde una persectiva relacional.
Umowy podatkowe w państwie prawa – projekt
nowej Ordynacji podatkowej na tle doświadczeń
włoskich (cz. 1). Skarbowość masowa
Authors: Gryziak Bartosz
Published: June 2019

W czasach skarbowości masowej tradycyjne formy działania administracji skarbowej przestają być skuteczne.
Poszukuje się więc nowych rozwiązań i proponuje np. zawieranie umów przez organy podatkowe z podmiotami
biernymi, co miałoby służyć optymalizacji postępowania. Rozwiązanie takie jest jednak źródłem kontrowersji.
Podatkowe standardy konstytucyjne zdają się wykluczać możliwość negocjacji dotyczących zobowiązania podatkowego.
Poszukiwane są zatem koncepcje mające pogodzić obie te przeciwstawne tendencje, np. we Włoszech,
gdzie instytucja taka funkcjonuje od ponad wieku. Na tle włoskich doświadczeń stawiana jest teza o wadliwej
konstrukcji umów podatkowych przewidzianych w projekcie nowej Ordynacji podatkowej.
Avaliação do método de lambert-beer para estimativas de índice de área foliar no cerrado Mato-Grossense
Authors: Novais Jonathan Willian Zangeski , Andrade Levi Pires de , Siqueira Angélica Yara , Musis Carlo Ralph de , Sanches Luciana , Pereira Osvaldo Alves , Pierangeli Maria Aparecida
Published: June 2019

O estudo foi desenvolvido no parque urbano Mãe Bonifácia, um fragmento de cerrado, na cidade de Cuiabá/MT, entre outubro/2014 e setembro/2015, com objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do modelo matemático de Lambert-Beer para estimativas de índice de área foliar (IAFLB). Os dados de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa incidente fora do dossel (PARincidente), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa transmitida pelo dossel (PARtransmitida) e índice de área foliar (IAFmed) foram medidos mensalmente com ceptômetro em 30 pontos fixos, das 10 às 12h, horário de maior incidência de radiação solar. Aplicou-se a correlação bivariada de Spearman, ocorrendo correlação positiva e significativa para IAFmed e PARincidente, e correlação significativa negativa entre PARincidente e PARtransmitida. Os valores de IAFmed oscilaram entre 6,5 m2m-2 em dezembro/2014, período chuvoso, e 2,7 m2m-2 em setembro/2015, período seco. Foram comparados valores de IAFmed e IAFLB para os doze meses utilizando regressão linear simples, encontrando coeficiente de determinação acima de 0,7 para 11 dos 12 meses analisados, e aplicou-se teste de Wicoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparação de médias, não havendo diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos analisados, indicando que a partir da medição de radiações incidentes e transmitidas é viável a aplicação da equação de Lambert-Beer para modelar índices de área foliar para o cerrado stricto sensu, tanto em períodos secos quanto chuvosos.
Considerações sobre Felicidade por Clusters de discentes de administração em uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior
Authors: Bizarria Fabiana Pinto de Almeida , Barbosa Flávia Lorenne Sampaio , Rocha Soraia Germana de Sousa
Published: June 2019

Objetivou-se investigar a percepção de felicidade de discentes de uma IES. Para tanto, identificou-se a felicidade em função de variáveis sócio demográficos, agrupando-as a fim de descrever o comportamento dessas na distinção de dois grupos (mais felizes e menos felizes). Realizou-se pesquisa de campo, com suporte na abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados em uma amostra probabilística de 201 discentes, de um universo de 319, vinculados ao curso de Administração, com base em instrumento composto por quatro escalas referentes à felicidade. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e Análise de Cluster (AC), este com base no método K-Means e análise de variância (ANOVA) a fim de constituir grupos com variáveis significativas para a formação dos clusters. No primeiro predomina discentes mais maduros, mais distribuídos nos semestres finais do curso e que, em geral, trabalham. Nesse grupo a satisfação com a vida, se comparada com o grupo 2 é menor, porém há maior percepção de felicidade subjetiva. No segundo prepondera jovens que estão iniciando o curso superior, e que, em geral, não trabalham. São mais satisfeitos com a vida, embora menos felizes do que o grupo 1. Ressalta-se que avaliar-se em condições excelentes de vida – item 3 (Satisfação com a vida) e avaliar-se como alguém que aproveita a vida ao máximo-item 9 (felicidade subjetiva) são apreciadas de forma distinta pelos grupos. Prepondera no grupo mais maduro maior percepção de felicidade subjetiva, indicativo para estudos futuros sobre uma possível relação entre maturidade e capacidade de avaliação subjetiva de felicidade.
Les interventions régulatrices en classe : un organisateur de l’activité enseignante
Authors: Clauzard Philippe
Published: June 2019

Dans le cadre d’une analyse du travail enseignant, nous examinons les régulations qui surgissent dans la situation didactique. Nous tentons de les appréhender comme des gestes d’intervention régulatrice de la part des enseignant⋅e⋅s : des gestes fondamentaux pour piloter une conceptualisation d’objets de savoir, enjeu d’un jeu d’apprentissage. L’approche ergonomique et de didactique professionnelle permet une caractérisation de ces régulations à partir de jugements pragmatiques. Ces derniers offrent une lecture stratégique du travail enseignant, formant une base de lecture et d’orientation de l’activité du professeur. Ainsi, régulation et secondarisation nous semblent des organisateurs majeurs de l’activité enseignante, parce que la formation d’un sujet réflexif est un défi capital.
Le rôle que joue l’analyse des besoins dans la dynamique décisionnelle d’enseignant⋅e⋅s lors de la planification de l’enseignement1
Authors: Bergeron Léna
Published: June 2019

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche collaborative et concerne plus spécifiquement l’analyse des besoins des élèves et son influence dans la dynamique du processus décisionnel et de résolution de problèmes lors de la planification de l’enseignement pour une diversité d’élèves. Par le recours à une analyse par catégories conceptualisantes, les résultats proposent une interprétation des modèles d’intervention mobilisés par les enseignant⋅e⋅s. Ils permettent notamment de constater que cette dynamique est influencée par le moment où les enseignant⋅e⋅s considèrent devoir analyser les besoins de leurs élèves, par l’angle d’analyse qu’ils ou elles privilégient pour réfléchir auxdits besoins ainsi que par des considérations pragmatiques qui dépassent les besoins perçus. De plus, l’analyse des besoins des élèves au moment de planifier engendre des tensions telles que l’exigence perçue de réfléchir et d’analyser, la difficulté d’adopter une approche consciente et rationnelle ainsi que la gestion du temps, qui se retrouve coincée entre collectivité et singularité.
Uso de recursos digitales para el Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras: propuesta para el enriquecimiento de un curso de Biología y Geología mediante tecnologías educativas
Authors: Albero-Posac Sofía
Published: June 2019

Hoy en día se utiliza una gran variedad de herramientas digitales para apoyar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas. Sus potenciales efectos positivos en el proceso de aprendizaje pueden ser particularmente útiles para abordar los retos que surgen en enfoques como el Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE), donde se espera que los estudiantes consigan dominar no solo el contenido de la asignatura, sino también la lengua extranjera que se utiliza como medio de comunicación. Este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una propuesta de enriquecimiento digital de cursos AICLE, la cual ha sido implementada en una asignatura de Biología y Geología en inglés impartida en un instituto de Educación Secundaria español. Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada a la profesora para analizar las necesidades de aquel contexto educativo concreto. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con la literatura actual sobre AICLE, fueron considerados como punto de partida en la selección adecuada de plataformas y herramientas digitales para crear y curar los recursos complementarios desde un enfoque basado en principios. Este proceso de enriquecimiento digital se presenta como una práctica que podría aplicarse a diferentes cursos AICLE para adaptarlos a las necesidades específicas de cada contexto.
Elucidation of salt stress defense and tolerance mechanisms of marine red yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus NGR using transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling
Authors: Li Chunji , Zhao Die , Zhang Ning , Li Bingxue
Published: June 2019

Background. Salinity stress is one of the most environmental stresses in agricultural regions worldwide. Salinity inhibits shoot and root growth of various crops, which culminate in reductions in the quality and yield. It is of crucial to understand the molecular biological mechanisms of salt stress responses and defenses in order to enhance crops salt-tolerance. Sporobolomyces pararoseus is a member of marine red yeasts. Since marine red yeast has been naturally selected for its long-term survival in high-salt marine ecosystems, some unique salt-tolerant mechanism has been developed. Little research has conducted so far by considering S. pararoseus as model microorganisms to study salt stress tolerance mechanisms. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt stress of S. pararoseus NGR will provide valuable information for enhancing the crops salt-tolerant via genetic engineering. Methods. S. pararoseus NGR (CGMCC 2.5280) cultures were treated with initial NaCl concentrations of 0.75 M throughout 3 days of growth period. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the NaCl-treated cells and the control cells. Metabolome analysis was performed using the LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolic profiling to study the differentially accumulated metabolites between the NaCl-treated cells and the control cells. Co-expression network analysis was carried out using the screening parameters of correlation coefficient = 0.99 and p-value = 0.01. Transcriptome analysis results were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results. After sequencing, de novo assembly and quantitative assessment, 9,533 unigenes were finally generated with an average length of 1,538 bp. A total of 3,849 DGEs were identified in NaCl-treated cultures, including 2,019 up-regulated genes and 1,830 down-regulated genes. Screening of metabolite features with untargeted metabolic profiling of all samples in NaCl-treated and control group, we characterized 4,862 compounds from the LC–MS/MS-based dataset. An integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated that amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism is significantly enriched in response to salt stress. Co-expression network analysis showed that 28 genes and 8 metabolites played an important role in the response of S. pararoseus NGR and defense against salt stress, which provides valuable clues for subsequent validation. Together, our results suggested that the most primary salt-tolerant mechanism of the S. pararoseus NGR is the biosynthesis of carotenoids, and torulene showed the dominated effect among them. Moreover, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism act as its secondary salt-tolerant mechanism.
Respiratory syncytial virus co-opts host mitochondrial function to favour infectious virus production
Authors: Hu MengJie , Schulze Keith E , Ghildyal Reena , Henstridge Darren C , Kolanowski Jacek L , New Elizabeth J , Hong Yuning , Hsu Alan C , Hansbro Philip M , Wark Peter AB , Bogoyevitch Marie A , Jans David A
Published: June 2019

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for more human deaths each year than influenza, its pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here high-resolution quantitative imaging, bioenergetics measurements and mitochondrial membrane potential- and redox-sensitive dyes are used to define RSV’s impact on host mitochondria for the first time, delineating RSV-induced microtubule/dynein-dependent mitochondrial perinuclear clustering, and translocation towards the microtubule-organizing centre. These changes are concomitant with impaired mitochondrial respiration, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Strikingly, agents that target microtubule integrity the dynein motor protein, or inhibit mitochondrial ROS production strongly suppresses RSV virus production, including in a mouse model with concomitantly reduced virus-induced lung inflammation. The results establish RSV’s unique ability to co-opt host cell mitochondria to facilitate viral infection, revealing the RSV-mitochondrial interface for the first time as a viable target for therapeutic intervention.
Response to comment on 'AIRE-deficient patients harbor unique high-affinity disease-ameliorating autoantibodies'
Authors: Hertel Christina , Fishman Dmytro , Lorenc Anna , Ranki Annamari , Krohn Kai , Peterson Pärt , Kisand Kai , Hayday Adrian
Published: June 2019

In 2016, we reported four substantial observations of APECED/APS1 patients, who are deficient in AIRE, a major regulator of central T cell tolerance (Meyer et al., 2016). Two of those observations have been challenged. Specifically, ‘private’ autoantibody reactivities shared by only a few patients but collectively targeting >1000 autoantigens have been attributed to false positives (Landegren, 2019). While acknowledging this risk, our study-design included follow-up validation, permitting us to adopt statistical approaches to also limit false negatives. Importantly, many such private specificities have now been validated by multiple, independent means including the autoantibodies’ molecular cloning and expression. Second, a significant correlation of antibody-mediated IFNα neutralization with an absence of disease in patients highly disposed to Type I diabetes has been challenged because of a claimed failure to replicate our findings (Landegren, 2019). However, flaws in design and implementation invalidate this challenge. Thus, our results present robust, insightful, independently validated depictions of APECED/APS1, that have spawned productive follow-up studies.
Metabolic constraints drive self-organization of specialized cell groups
Authors: Varahan Sriram , Walvekar Adhish , Sinha Vaibhhav , Krishna Sandeep , Laxman Sunil
Published: June 2019

How phenotypically distinct states in isogenic cell populations appear and stably co-exist remains unresolved. We find that within a mature, clonal yeast colony developing in low glucose, cells arrange into metabolically disparate cell groups. Using this system, we model and experimentally identify metabolic constraints sufficient to drive such self-assembly. Beginning in a uniformly gluconeogenic state, cells exhibiting a contrary, high pentose phosphate pathway activity state, spontaneously appear and proliferate, in a spatially constrained manner. Gluconeogenic cells in the colony produce and provide a resource, which we identify as trehalose. Above threshold concentrations of external trehalose, cells switch to the new metabolic state and proliferate. A self-organized system establishes, where cells in this new state are sustained by trehalose consumption, which thereby restrains other cells in the trehalose producing, gluconeogenic state. Our work suggests simple physico-chemical principles that determine how isogenic cells spontaneously self-organize into structured assemblies in complimentary, specialized states.
A two-step mechanism for the inactivation of microtubule organizing center function at the centrosome
Authors: Magescas Jérémy , Zonka Jenny C , Feldman Jessica L
Published: June 2019

The centrosome acts as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC), orchestrating microtubules into the mitotic spindle through its pericentriolar material (PCM). This activity is biphasic, cycling through assembly and disassembly during the cell cycle. Although hyperactive centrosomal MTOC activity is a hallmark of some cancers, little is known about how the centrosome is inactivated as an MTOC. Analysis of endogenous PCM proteins in C. elegans revealed that the PCM is composed of partially overlapping territories organized into an inner and outer sphere that are removed from the centrosome at different rates and using different behaviors. We found that phosphatases oppose the addition of PCM by mitotic kinases, ultimately catalyzing the dissolution of inner sphere PCM proteins at the end of mitosis. The nature of the PCM appears to change such that the remaining aging PCM outer sphere is mechanically ruptured by cortical pulling forces, ultimately inactivating MTOC function at the centrosome.
Género de periodistas e influencia: efectos sobre la gravedad percibida del acoso sexual
Authors:   University of Pennsylvania (United States), Wagner María Celeste
Published: June 2019

¿Puede la cobertura periodística de temas de género afectar las opiniones de sus lectores y promover así cambio social? En este proceso, ¿son los periodistas hombres y mujeres igual de influyentes? Para responder a esto, se condujo un experimento en el que se manipuló el género percibido de un/a periodista que habla sobre acoso sexual, para medir su efecto en las opiniones de los lectores sobre la gravedad de este problema social. Los resultados indican que los hombres son más influyentes, resultado que se mantiene significativo entre las participantes mujeres, quienes también sienten más compasión por las víctimas de acoso sexual.
High glucose increases miR‐214 to power a feedback loop involving PTEN and the Akt/mTORC1 signaling axis
Authors: Maity Soumya , Das Falguni , Ghosh‐Choudhury Nandini , Kasinath Balakuntalam S. , Ghosh Choudhury Goutam
Published: June 2019

The mechanism of PTEN repression by high glucose in diabetic nephropathy is not known. Using proximal tubular cells, we show that inhibition of PI3 kinase/Akt and their inactive enzymes prevents high glucose‐induced PTEN downregulation. Similarly, rapamycin (Rapa) and shRaptor block suppression of PTEN by high glucose. In contrast, the constitutive activation of Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)C1 decrease the expression of PTEN, similarly to high glucose. Remarkably, PI3 kinase/Akt/mTORC1 inhibition significantly attenuates high glucose‐stimulated increase in miR‐214, which targets PTEN, while constitutively active Akt/mTORC1 increases miR‐214. Furthermore, anti‐miR‐214 and mTORC1 inhibition block high glucose‐induced hypertrophy and fibronectin expression. These results reveal the first evidence for the presence of a high glucose‐forced positive feedback conduit between the three‐layered kinase cascade and miR‐214/ PTEN in tubular cell injury.
Cis autocatalytic cleavage of glycine‐linked Zika virus NS2B‐NS3 protease constructs
Authors: von Hammerstein Franziska , Lauth Luca M. , Hammerschmidt Stefan , Wagner Annika , Schirmeister Tanja , Hellmich Ute A.
Published: June 2019

The flaviviral heterodimeric serine protease NS2B‐NS3, consisting of the NS3 protease domain and the NS2B co‐factor, is essential for ZIKA virus maturation and replication in cells. For in vitro studies a ‘linked’ construct, where a polyglycine linker connects NS2BCF and NS3pro, is often used. This construct undergoes autocatalytic cleavage. Here, we show that linked ZIKV NS2BCF‐NS3pro is cleaved in cis in the NS2BCF exclusively at position R95 and not at the previously proposed alternate cleavage site at residue R29 in the NS3pro. Cleavage neither affects protease stability nor activity, despite some observed differences in spectroscopic behavior. This minimally modified construct may thus be useful for future structural and functional studies of the flaviviral protease, for example when testing new inhibitors.
Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO2 Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Boping , Ouyang Dan , Huang Zhanfeng , Ren Xingang , Zhang Hong , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: June 2019

While there are very limited studies of doped ternary metal oxide based hole transport materials, a multifunctional synthesis approach of In doped CuCrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) including simplifying the synthesis requirements is proposed, enabling doping and achievement of treatment‐free HTLs. Remarkably, compared with conventional methods for synthesizing CuCrO2 NPs, the newly proposed azeotropic promoted approach dramatically reduces the reaction time by 90% and the calcination temperature by one‐third, which not only promotes high throughput production but also reduces power consumption and cost in synthesis. Equally important, indium is successfully doped into CuCrO2, which is fundamentally difficult in low temperature processes. The In doping offers less d–d transition of Cr3+ and p‐type doping characteristics for improving HTL transmittance and conductivity, respectively. Interestingly, In doped CuCrO2 HTL with these improvements can be achieved by a simple ambient‐condition process and exhibits thermal stability up to 200 °C, which allows perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 20.54%. Meanwhile, the devices show good repeatability and photostability. Consequently, the work contributes to establishing a simple approach to realize pristine and doped multinary oxides based HTL for the development of practical and high performing PSCs.