bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Glycemic Behavior of Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan Nícolas dos Santos
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a dysfunction in the pancreas that prevents the production of insulin, responsible for controlling blood glucose, resulting in permanent hyperglycemia, commonly accompanied by dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. The long-term consequences of this disease have the possibility of compromising the function of different organs such as the heart, eyes, kidneys, blood vessels and susceptibility to infections, resulting in chronic changes such as: coronary heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and atherothrombotic. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a systematic review, which was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations, of studies that analyzed the effects of interval training on high-intensity (HIIT) in glycemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The screening process and selection of articles was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Google academic databases. Randomized clinical trials that adopted high-intensity interval training interventions were included in this review. Results: 524 studies were identified, of which only nine met the eligibility criteria. It was observed that they worked with a sample between 3 and 17 participants, most of them with men and women, all studies carried out the intervention with an ergometric bicycle with a duration between 25 and 45 minutes of exercise and sprints determined by VO2max interspersed with active rest and/or or at rest. Conclusion: When analyzing the results of the studies included in this review, it is clear that most of them showed relevant results for glycemic control during the practice of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in order to avoid hypoglycemia and/ or hyperglycemia during carrying out the exercise.
Consequence of Diabetes, Obesity and Atherosclerosis in the Episodes of Impaired Dental Health: A Brief Review on Periodontitis
Authors: Chandra Nimai C
Published: January 2024

Periodontium refers to the supporting tooth structures which keep the tooth intact in its position for chewing, speaking, etc. Microbial infection can cause complex inflammation on the gum of the teeth and thus affects the supporting tooth structures. Reports from the survey on dental health and hygiene have shown that the intrusion of such inflammation might have detrimental effects both at local and global level. Diabetes and obesity plays a significant role in the severity of periodontal infection. It is documented that periodontal intervention can potentially improve glycemic standard. In fact, there is a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Diabetic subjects are more prone in periodontitis related complications than non-diabetics. Since diabetes is a common co-morbidity in obese people; bone loss and periodontitis are even found interlinked with diabetes and obesity. Like diabetes and obesity, periodontitis is also found to be prone to atherosclerotic burst in many occasions. This article represents a brief review on the link of the local lesion, called periodontitis, to the global effects viz. diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis, the co-morbidities that can even flare up cardiovascular complications.
Stem Cells Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Yang Junzheng
Published: January 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a kind of diseases caused by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function and glial cell homeostasis imbalance, there are many kinds of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD); Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). So far, due to the lack of ideal treatment methods, it seriously threats to human health especially the elder population. Recently, with the rapid development of regenerative medicine, stem cells rely on their advantages including self-renewing capability, low immunogenicity, migration and homing capabilities, and stem cell derivatives including stem cells derived extracellular vesicles and stem cell-derived organoids, it provides unlimited application possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent research progress on the preclinical and clinical applications of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases, hope that the reviews may provide some useful clues for researchers.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dog Owners towards Rabies in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Tariku
Published: January 2024

Rabies is a fatal animal disease of significant public health importance. Domestic dogs are the main reservoir and transmitter of this disease particularly in developing countries. Even though rabies is a highly fatal disease, it is a preventable disease. Dog owners’ awareness about rabies is one of the key components for prevention. Thus, study to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) with respect to rabies in Dilla town, Gedeo zone, Southern, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2023 to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dog owners towards rabies in Dilla town, Gedeo zone, Sothern Ethiopia. A structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews with 384 respondents. The data were then analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. This study showed that almost all (84.6%) surveyed individuals were aware of rabies. Bite was known as a mode of rabies transmission by the majority of the respondents (67.7%) with considerable means of transmission through wound contact with the saliva of diseased animals. A sudden change of behavior was described as a major clinical sign of rabies in animals by the majority of the respondents (28.1%) Most participants (87.8%) responded that they would seek treatment from a doctor or health center after first aid and that they would go immediately following exposure and the majority of the respondents (72.2%) indicated crossing a river before 40 days after a dog bite increases severity of the disease. In total, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to rabies 83.9%, 84.4%, and 71.8% of participants had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards rabies respectively. In conclusion rabies was found to be well-known by dog owners of Dilla town. However, knowledge, attitude, and practices in the prevention and control of rabies were limited. Education and training of on rabies about possible sources of infection, mode of transmission, and measures to be taken after exposure is very important in the study area.
International Cooperation to Combat Cross-Border Telecom Fraud Crimes: an Examination of Cooperation between China and Myanmar
Authors: Na Jiang
Published: January 2024

In response to the increasingly rampant transnational Telecom fraud crimes between China and Myanmar, China and Myanmar have launched wide-ranging law enforcement cooperation on the basis of existing international cooperation mechanisms and have achieved remarkable results. However, on the one hand, the complex social situation in Myanmar has resulted in discrepancy in law enforcement capacity between China and Myanmar. On the other hand, the mechanism of law enforcement cooperation between China and Myanmar is not yet developed. Moreover, the judicial cooperation is still in a state of absence. These factors have brought challenges to China and Myanmar in combating cross-border crimes. China and Myanmar should seize the opportunity of jointly combating Telecom fraud crimes to deepen the international cooperation in the field of nontraditional security.
Application of the X-Chromosomal STRs and the FamLinkX Software for Solving Complex Kinship Forensic Genetics Cases in Colombia
Authors: Cerinza Diana Quiceno
Published: January 2024

X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) genotyping is a powerful ¬tool in forensic genetics for resolving intricate kinship cases due to its distinctive inheritance pattern. It proves particularly valuable in scenarios where the application of autosomal (A-STR) and Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) markers falls short in addressing such cases, especially those involving complex situations and kinship analyses encompassing extensive and incomplete pedigrees. The recent advancement and implementation of the Argus X-12 QS kit along with the FamilinkX software for X-STR analysis have facilitated the resolution of forensic cases that were formerly inconclusive or not received by the laboratory due to their high complexity. This article delineates seven intricate cases of kinship and identification conducted at the Forensic Genetics Laboratory of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Bogotá, Colombia, in instances where autosomal STRs yielded non-conclusive or weak likelihood ratio (LR) values, the combination of the Argus X-12 QS kit and the FamilinkX software proved instrumental in elucidating and enhancing LR values, thereby leading to conclusive outcomes. The article details a case involving the confirmation of the identity of a body retrieved from water, which was subsequently returned to the institute by its relatives for identification. It also encompasses cases involving maternal half-siblings, complex pedigrees with paternal half-aunts, and others. In each scenario, the total LR was estimated by combining the LR of autosomal STRs (LR AS-STR) with the LR of X-STRs (LR X-STR), utilizing the population frequency database specific to Colombia. Additionally, the LRs of X-STRs obtained using population frequency data from Colombia were compared with those from Mexico. The data derived from both the Mexican and Colombian populations exhibited a high degree of similarity. The collective LR values substantiate the efficacy of X-STR markers, particularly in resolving cases of maternal half-siblings. The analysis underscores the robust informativeness of the 12 X-STR loci examined in the context of forensic testing
A Review on Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), Improvement and Green Sustainable Applications
Authors: HM Saleh
Published: January 2024

Alkaline compounds can activate many of the inactive waste materials, these compounds containing Ca(OH)2 and Portland cement, to develop usable additional cement products. Waste materials are typically more versatile in structure than defined stated, refined materials. Adequate definition procedures are, however, available to allow materials such as fly ash and blast furnace slags to be characterized with accuracy. Progress has been made on other recycled waste materials, such as metakaolin. Cement kiln dust (CKD) produced as a by-product during cement production processes. Physical and chemical characteristics of CKD depend on the raw materials, the furnace operation process, the dust collection systems, and the type of fuel used in the manufacturing of cement clinkers. Sustainable applications of CKD and municipal solid waste in green lightweight construction materials have been investigated.
Water Management for of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Marketing and Sensitive Balance
Authors: I Hassan Amal
Published: January 2024

Electromembrane processes are a significant component of electrochemical technology. Now it is well accepted that the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are inextricably linked to the buildup and transit of water inside their porous components, notably the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and microporous layer. In this paper, the electroosmotic drag in membranes and water management which is the chief difficulty facing the membrane are discussed and a review of the mechanism of transport and membrane water transport with sorption/desorption are presented.
Risk Factors Psychology Workers Sena (Center for the Petrochemical Industry) Regional Bolívar, Colombia
Authors: Marrugo EA Bedoya
Published: January 2024

Determining factors in Psychology workers SENA (Center for Petrochemical Industry) Regional Bolívar. Descriptive study, with a population under 111 workers, information was collected using the instrument Dr. Bocanument, survey for the Evaluation of psychosocial risk factors, which was validated by Quintin J, Contreras H, instrument that allowed as measure psychosocial risk factors in four areas: content of the task, human relations, organization of working time and personnel management. A descriptive analysis of the variables investigated was conducted, tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2007, psychosocial risk factors to which workers are exposed SENA (Center for Petrochemical Industry) Regional Bolivar were obtained. Of the 111 employees surveyed, a predominance of male gender with 66% found the average age is between 35 and 40 years, the level of more frequent training is professional with 76%, 88% is contract defined by provision of services, seniority is between 11 and 16 years with 49%.was found that the most prevalent risk factor was the personnel management. The presence of psychosocial risk factors, mainly in personnel management, area under the responsibility of the directives, and to lesser extent in the organization of working time, the content of the task and human relations are determined.
Study of the Change in Physico-Chemical Properties of Acidity Affected Soil with the Application of Different Lime Rates: Incubation Study
Authors: Habteyesus Yohannse
Published: January 2024

Acidic soils are not responsive to the application of inorganic fertilizers without amendments and reclamation by agricultural lime. Liming is the best technology and a conditioner to rises the pH and available phosphorus levels of acid soils. For this research activity, calcite lime in different rates incubated acid soil aims to show the change in physicochemical properties. The soil sample for incubation work has been collected from fifteen locations of acid-prone areas, all over the country. The incubation study has been conducted with four lime rate factors (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0*LR) and the rate of CaCO3 has been calculated from the initial soil acidity level by using exchangeable acidity lime recommendation methods. After 90 days of incubation, soil physicochemical parameters have been characterized for pH, Exchangeable acidity, Total nitrogen, Organic carbon, and Available phosphorus. From the study findings, the level of acidity has declined up to 88.96%. The pH level has been improved from 4.98 to 5.61, and the available phosphorus also accordingly improved from 7.69ppm to 8.63ppm but not significant with 0.5-factor intervals. There is no significant response observed in Total Nitrogen and Organic carbon parameters with the application of different lime ratings. From this study conclude that as the rate of lime applied is amended the level of acidity, pH, and phosphorus level also accordingly improved but no significant change was observed for Total nitrogen and Organic carbon. To increase phosphorus content, sufficient and responsible for better amendment of the soil and crop productivity needs to apply different sources of phosphorus fertilizers. The exchangeable acidity lime recommendation method even with doubled LR factor might not raise the pH to the optimum level of crop requirement.
A Note on Occurrence of Four Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuriidae) from Vellar Estuary, Southeast of India
Authors: Mahadevan Gopalan
Published: January 2024

This present study documents the occurrence of four sea cucumber species from Vellar estuary, South-East India. Occurrence of Holothurians from oyster beads and sea grass meadows of Vellar estuarine waters significantly extends the knowledge about the distributional range of this species. Detailed morphological features and colour patterns of the above species is described. The study suggests the need for more taxonomical and conservational studies for this type of vulnerable species for better understanding its diversity, conservation and geographical distribution pattern.
The Method of Land Acquisition and the Size of Pond for Aquaculture Fish Production in Nigeria
Authors: Zanna Babagana
Published: January 2024

The study area of the research work was Jere and Konduga Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. The study concerned with the method of land acquisition and the size of pond for aquaculture fish production. Data for the study was collected within the period of thirty-one (31) days from 14th March, to 14th April 2022. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed. The result of the study translates majority of the aquaculture fish farmers lacked personal ownership of land for fish farming and practice small-scale mode of operation of aquaculture fish farming in the study area. Recommendations were made to create an avenue for the fish farmers in the study area to access adequate land for large-scale aquaculture fish production in the study area.
The Determination of Economic, Cultural and Environmental Sustainability of Fish Farming Culture in Nigeria
Authors: Zanna Babagana
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in North East Zone of Nigeria where fishing has been the occupation of the inhabitants. The study focused on the determination of economic, cultural and environmental sustainability of fish farming culture in the study area. Data for the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources through a public participation and stakeholders’ interview with the application of focus group discussion. The data collection for the research work was carried out within the period of 1st to 31st March 2023. Primarily, conservative qualitative method with snow-ball technique was applied and information was elicited from the cultural fish farmers on economic, cultural and environmental sustainability of fish farming culture. The study revealed the culture of fish farming did not attained true sustainability and the operation was not in a true circular economy. Recommendation were made for the community attainment of true sustainability and equally to operate in a true circular economy.
Exploring Uncharted Marine Bacteria as a Source of Novel Antimicrobials
Authors: P Rashmi
Published: January 2024

Marine microbes are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in the sea or ocean. The term “marine microbes” includes viruses, protozoa and fungi. This microbial life constitutes 70% To 90% of marine biomass. More than 15000 bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine fungi, and other organisms and used as anti-inflammatory, and anticancer leads. Among the microorganisms of marine, bacteria are the least explored ones. Marine actinobacteria have adapted to high hydrostatic pressure, high concentration of Sodium Chloride, low concentration of organic matter, and low temperature. The phylum actinobacteria is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, and aerobic bacteria. Streptomyces and Actinomycetes are studied largely in this phylum due to their ability to produce a wide array of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolites. Examples of active compounds isolated from Streptomyces include Fijimycins, etamycin A, Chlorinated bisindole pyrroles, and dynamics A–E. There may be diverse extremo enzymes hidden in the shadows that are currently unknown and, if discovered, may open up interesting new methods for the production and use of novel antimicrobials. In pharmaceutical research, a very small fraction of such organisms is studied. If discovered may open up interesting new ingenious, and cost-effective methods for the production and use of many novel anti-microbials.
Ground Water Quality Assessment for Sustainable Drinking Purpose
Authors: Jena Pramod Kumar
Published: January 2024

Ground water is the purest form of water that can be in used agriculture and consumption purposes. Several factors have an impact on the quality of groundwater, including seasonal changes, the composition of dissolved salts, the water table’s elevation, and the geology of a particular location. The dumping of unexpurgated factory waste directly through watercourses, which results in substantial pollutants level in underground water as well as the surface, is the primary cause of groundwater contamination. As the human population increases, the groundwater becomes even more important for economic and social activity. The study conducted in the Bhubaneswar region of Orissa, India focused on assessing the water quality suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. The research found that microorganisms had contaminated the groundwater. The study collected 40 water samples from four selected localities, and various analysis methods were conducted to assess the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the collected samples. The physico-chemical parameters studied included total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, turbidity, total hardness, and chloride. The microbiological parameters studied were F. coliform and E. coli. The research found that some regions had TDS and total hardness levels below acceptable limits, according to IS 10500:2012. The chloride concentration was below the desired limit. However, the pH in some locations was much lower than acceptable. Overall, this study highlights the importance of regularly monitoring and assessing the quality of groundwater in different regions to ensure that it is safe for human use. The findings of this study can help policymakers and local authorities to develop effective strategies to protect groundwater resources and ensure that they remain safe for future generations.
Public Administration and the Management of Beliefs in Risks and Dangers in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: CG Lirios
Published: January 2024

Beliefs, defined as unverified information of risk and danger, are preponderant factors in disaster management. In the case of the pandemic, beliefs define decisions and behaviors. The objective of this study was to confirm an explanatory model of beliefs about the risks and dangers of the pandemic. A cross-sectional, correlational and psychometric study was carried out with a sample of 100 employees of a civil protection institution in central Mexico. The results indicate the confirmation of the two dimensions of risks and dangers, although with a reduction of their indicators. The findings correspond to the reviewed literature because it emphasizes the mistrust between authorities and the governed. It is recommended to extend the model to anticipate risk exposure scenarios.
Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Girl with Common Variable Immune Deficiency: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: P Tootoonchi
Published: January 2024

Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is among the most primary immune deficiency disorders with unknown etiology which mostly presents in adulthood; however, some patients might show their symptoms during childhood. CVID usually increases predisposition to malignancies. Lymphoproliferative malignancies such as lymphoma are the most incident malignancies among the patients; however, the prevalence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is low among the patients and just a few cases of the disorder reported in children. A 13 year old girl admitted to our ward with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy has emerged since 13 months ago without any associated symptoms. She was a known case of CVID diagnosed at 1 year of age and was under regularly treatment of monthly IVIG and prophylactic antibiotic since then. The diagnostic approach to her lymphadenopathy led to HL diagnosis and she has undergone the standard chemotherapy protocol for HL which took about 6 months without any radiotherapy and showed complete remission. After 6 years of standard follow ups, she is still in complete recovery. To our knowledge, this report seems to be the tenth case of HL emergence in patients diagnosed with CVID during their childhood and the second case of HL emergence despite regularly receiving of monthly IVIG. Low stage of her HL (2A) and favorable response to the chemotherapy with prolong remission might be explained by the regularly prescription of IVIG since early stages of life; albeit these conclusions need to be approved with further studies in the future cases.
Applications of Medical Drones in Public Health: An Overview
Authors: AS Qureshi
Published: January 2024

Use of drones like technology is dated back to the 200 BC, when a bird-shaped artifact named The Egyptian Saqqara bird was developed, which had the wingspan of 180 mm and a length of 150mm. As the time goes by, that old era idea is progressively developed into currently present highlyefficient drone technology which is serving various functions.Its application is rangedfrom various military purposes to the many crucial civilian applications such as weather monitoring and aerial medical supply.In underdeveloped and developing countries, the availability of roads is crucial for medical supplies such as medicines and vaccines. Air transportation, such as helicopter is much costly and not affordable. The success story of drones around environmental sciences and ecology make us realize that they can be employed in the field of public health as a consumable medical carrier. A significant strength of drones’ utility is its ability to reduce the travel time behind diagnosis and treatment. Drones considered to be a cost-efficient substitute for road transport in hard to reach areas. They can also be used for the transportation of blood from the blood bank to the site of its need, and specimens from the areas with difficult accessibility to laboratories in nearby cities. Medical drones can transport essential drugs such as anti-venom and post-exposure vaccines for dog bite and snake bites and avoid causalities.Various disaster management and relief operations can be assisted by drones to rescue the victims and the delivery of essential consumables.Similarly, biomedical drones reduce the time for organ transportation from the site of its harvest to the location of transplantation.Drones equipped with AED can provide visual feedback and help a bystander in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the cardiac arrest patient.The role of drones in pandemic like COVID-19 is being evaluated, and studies are going on to provide maximum facilities with minimum time and chances of spreading infection. However, the usage of drones needs skilled staff and proper infrastructure. People who are residing in the areas of previous military drone attacks having a fear of drones and suffering from various mental disorders. Medical drones may be mistakenly considered as military drones, hence can be attacked by armed forces. Moreover, being an emerging technology, various laws and regulations are being evolved and are still in developmental phase.
Missed Early Diagnosis of Rare Case Thoraco-Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins: Case Report
Authors: NJ Mashala
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Conjoined twins are rare congenital anomaly with mortality and morbidity. It is result of a faulty division of an embryo at 13-15 days of conception. Thoraco-omphalopagus that was undiagnosed early and cancelling on the prognosis of the outcome and termination of pregnancy would have been done early leading to avoidance of cesarean section and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Case Report: A 28-year-old para 3+0 G4 with twin gestation at 35/40 by a third trimester scan no other scan had been done. Before she was Unsure of her dates, also reported family history of twinning. Admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital as a referral from Nyahururu county hospital with a diagnosis of conjoined twins for specialized care. Obstetric ultrasound done revealed monochromic, monoamniotic viable Conjoined twins both flexed in breech. Twin A (34+4)/40 2289 grams, B 36/40 2368grams. BPP 8/8. Differential diagnosis of Thoraco-omphalopagus with shared and communicating heart and liver. Placenta fundo-posterior not low lying, with minimal infarctive areas. Conclusion: The conjoined twins are rare and complex, majority of cases are stillbirth or die soon after birth but when there is early ultrasound an essential requirement for safe medical termination of pregnancy to avoid more complication and knowing that the rate of survival is very low. We need to understand that early ultrasound mostly in first trimester is very important. Attempt at surgery depends on the type of conjoined twins, the degree and type of organs shared by the twins, as in our case both they shared heart and liver.
Topographical Variations of Wormian Bones in Eastern-Indian Dry Human Skulls: Current Perspective and Review of Literature
Authors: MR Gaikwad
Published: January 2024

Wormian bones occur due to the failure of fusion of the additional ossification centers with prominent skull bones. It may be misinterpreted as a fracture in cases of trauma. Several studies reported the racial differences in the incidence of Wormian bone. We aimed to determine the incidence of Wormian bone in the adult dry skull of the eastern Indian population with its location. A total of 30 adult dry (male – 14; female – 16) skulls of unknown age were included in the study. 53.33% (16) of the skull had the Wormian bones, out of which 13.33% (4) had a single Wormian bone; a maximum of ten Wormian bone was observed in a skull. The highest incidence of Wormian bone was observed in the lambdoid suture and pterion (62.5%) followed by asterion and coronal sutures with an incidence of 31.25% and 6.25%, respectively. Out of the four Inca bones, the largest Inca measured 63.8 x 59.6mm. Wormian bones are present in normal individuals with lower incidence. The number of Wormian bones increased in the pathological condition that shows its pathological and diagnostic implications. The knowledge about the Wormian bone is necessary to differentiate it from fracture or diagnosis of pathological condition underlying it. We hope the present study helps radiologists or surgeons in successfully differentiating a skull fracture from the Wormian bones by using modern-day imaging techniques.
The Comprehensive Morphological Criteria for the Diagnosis of Subclinical Bacterial Maternal-Fetal Infection in Offspring
Authors: PS Talapova
Published: January 2024

The paper presents study materials devoted to determining the morphofunctional state of progeny’s organs developed under subclinical bacterial maternal-fetal infection (MFI) in order to define the comprehensive diagnostic criteria of this pathology. The rat models of subclinical MFI caused separately by E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae were used, the set of diagnostic tools (histopathological staining of paraffin sections of aorta (AO), pulmonary artery (PA), thyroid (TG), and adrenal glands (AG), liver (LV) of fetuses with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and Van Gieson's methods, optical microscopy, morphometry, and immunofluorescence with the use of ImageJ software) was applied. Statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 365 and R. Depending on the organ, the null hypothesis was rejected when p<0.05 or p<0.001. The assemblage of statistically significant diagnostic parameters of the subclinical MFI damaging effect in offspring’s organism was determined: for AO and PA – endotheliocyte’s height, the optical density of fluorescence (ODF) of CD34-positive cells, type III and IV collagens; for TG – thyrocyte’s height, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR), follicle’s square, T4 OD; for AG – adrenocorticocytes’ density in zona glomerulosa, adrenocorticocyte’s NCR, cortisol ODF in zona fasciculata; for LV - hepatocytes’ density, NCR, the absolute number of IL-6 producing cells. Conclusion: in this study, we have proved the presence of pathomorphological substrate and defined dynamics of morphofunctional changes forming in the fetal organism under the bacterial MFI that enables the use of obtained values as diagnostic criteria of this pathology.
A Comparison of the Anthropometrical Measurements of External Ear between Normal persons and Diabetic Patients in Iraq
Authors: SM Al-Saaeed
Published: January 2024

The human ear is an important distinguishing organ of the human face. Defects on the auricle surface of the ear may allow a person to be identified. Since the auricle's structure is complex, a plastic surgeon needs to know its different auricular dimensions, which will be useful for designing an ear prosthesis that will aid in forensic recognition of the person. Objectives: The objective of the current study to compare the anthropometric measures of Pinna bilateral external ear in normal and diabetic patients in Iraq with sexual differences Subject and Methods: Research performed at the Al-Faiha General Hospital outpatient clinic and the Basra Teaching Hospital. Two groups were obtained from 95 patients with an average age of 40-60 years in normal as well as Type II diabetes mellitus. Vernier caliper measured anthropometric measurements of the outer ear, including total ear length (TEL), total ear width (TEW), total lobules length (TLL) and total lobules width (TLW), to the nearest 0.1mm. Results: Each group in our study consisted of 55 female patients (58%) and 40 male patients (42%) aged 40-60 (50±9.8). In the study, high measurements were found when comparing anthropometric measurements in male and female persons. It was observed, in each group, that the measurements of the right ear for males and females are larger than the left ear and there were significant differences in anthropometric measurements (P<0.05). As for the results of patients with type II diabetes, there were a decrease in all parameters, but there were no significant differences except for the overall width of the ear. Conclusion: In this study, anthropometric measurements between normal persons and diabetics were measured with proposals for the planned surgical correction of congenital ear defects and hearing aids in normal persons and diabetics at increased risk of future hearing loss, so that these anthropometric data enhance the level of hearing.
Sciatic Nerve Morphometry in the Gluteal Region in a Nigerian Population: An Anatomical Study
Authors: OO Godswill
Published: January 2024

The sciatic nerve is frequently used in anesthesia, neurology, orthopedics, and rehabilitative medicine procedures. Due to its girth, the sciatic nerve is one of the human body's most often injured nerves. Unawareness of the structural differences of this nerve may be a contributing factor in damage. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the usual morphomety of the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle. Lower limbs (N = 10) from Nigerian cadavers were chosen for this study's morphological examination and dissection. There were 8 males and 2 females in total. Using a computerized sliding calliper, the piriformis and sciatic nerve characteristics were examined and statistically analyzed.The right medial width (32.20±1.45mm) of the piriformis muscle was larger compared to the left (31.91±1.65mm). However, it was not so for lateral width of the piriformis muscle as the left was larger (17.35±0.25mm) compared to the right (17.09±0.17mm).The right length of superior piriformis border was larger (54.57±1.58mm) compared to the left (52.19±2.87mm). In comparison to the female specimens, the mean length of the sciatic nerve was substantially longer in the male specimens (p 0.05).
Prenatal Diagnoses of Congenital CNS Anomalies
Authors: BZ Elsayed
Published: January 2024

Background: Congenital anomalies affecting the central nervous system are among the most prevalent. The most common central nervous system anomalies are neural tube defects, which affect roughly 1-2 of every 1000 newborns. Objectives: We detect the accuracy of ultrasound to diagnose CNS abnormalities. Patients and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study on 567 patients coming for antenatal care at Sohag Governorate undergoing mid anatomical scan between September 2021 and December 2022. After getting approval from the ethical committee at Sohag University and written consent from each woman. Clinical or post-natal neuroimaging using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging validated the prenatal diagnosis in situations where pregnancy progressed and the fetus survived. The total number of miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant deaths was recorded. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of congenital neurological anomalies: 2D&3D US had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity with positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 100% in all parameters. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we can say that ultrasonography is useful for detecting and diagnosing some defects of the fetal central nervous system.
Neural and Arterial Variations in the Right Upper Limb of a Single Cadaver- A Case Report
Authors: M Lalit
Published: January 2024

Background: During routine undergraduate dissection of a 43 years old male cadaver some important neural and arterial anatomic variations were seen in a single right upper limb in the form of double medial roots of median nerve and superficial brachial artery. Observation: During routine dissection of a 43-year-old male cadaver, some important neural and arterial anatomical variations were observed in a single right upper limb in the form of double medial roots of the median nerve and superficial brachial artery. The median nerve was formed in axilla by the union of one lateral and two medial roots on lateral side of axillary artery. The brachial artery which crossed the median nerve superficially from the medial to the lateral side, in the middle of the arm, continued as the superficial brachial artery. The variations were observed and photographed. Conclusion: The knowledge of such variations is however not only desirable, but also essential as these have important influences on the predisposition to illness, clinical examination, investigations and patient management, including operative surgery.
Study of Morphological Analysis of the Foramen Transversarium and Accessory Foramen Transversarium in Typical Cervical Vertebrae
Authors: M Lalit
Published: January 2024

Foramen Transversarium (FT) is present in the transverse process of cervical vertebrae. One FT is present in each transverse process of cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves pass through it. The present study was carried out on 100 typical cervical vertebrae on their foramen transversarium regarding their shape and no of FT on transversarium. The oval shape was mostly observed in 45% and 44% on the right and left sides. The accessory foramen transversarium (AFT) was observed in 22 vertebrae among 100 vertebrae. The AFT was mostly observed on the right side.
Anatomy of the Human Body in the Reflection of Phaleristics on Badges and Best Decorations
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of the study, the purpose of which was to study the representation of the anatomy of the human body and its individual parts, in the reflection of phaleristics on thematic badges and chest decorations brooches. As illustrations, the article uses screenshots of badges and brooches taken from the Internet thematic collection sites, with strict observance of the copyright of their owners.
Use of Multiomics Technology in Genomic Study and Role of DNA Adductomes in Identifying Cause of Certain Diseases and Environmental Pollutions
Authors: SC Roy
Published: January 2024

With the advancement of –omic research in biological sciences , new vistas have opened in different disciplines of Genetics and health sciences. Again this revolution in these disciplines is possible with technological improvement of DNA sequencing technology. This modern technology is known as Next Generation Sequencing. Now-a-days biological analysis is done using multiple –omes such as Genome, Proteome, Transcriptome, Epigenome, Metabolome etc. Recently another Biological technique known as DNA Adductome is used to detect the cause of DNA damage done by many chemical agents, drugs, pollutants etc. Details of Next Generation Technology and Alignment technology have been discussed in the article. The application of Next Generation Sequence (NGS) technology has been applied for the improvement of crop plants. Another-omic technology is the study of DNA Adductomes. When DNA is bound to any chemical it is called DNA Adduct. The adduct formation is leading to DNA damage resulting into mutation. The origin of many human diseases like cancer and others have been found to be due to the formation of DNA adducts. The way of adduct formation in DNA has been discussed with special reference to human health. The measurement and identification of environmental pollutants can be monitored through the study of DNA Adduct. Thus this multiomic technology including DNA Adductomes may bring revolution in medicine and toxicological studies.
Drug Abuse & Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Nautiyal Anuj
Published: January 2024

Extensive research has been conducted on cognitive impairments in substance use disorders, particularly with the advancements in cognitive and computational neuroscience as well as neuroimaging techniques over the past two decades. It has been noticed that, impaired cognition functioning is the common factor in person with substance abuse most precisely in case of attention, memory, recalling, decision making etc. Addiction has been showing basic impairment in brain and brain related processes through improper regulation and decreasing motivation and development of apathy. This special issue addresses cognitive impairment as a trans-diagnostic domain, highlighting the potential benefits of advancing the understanding and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in substance use disorders for various psychiatric conditions. In line with this overarching objective, we provide a summary of current findings in the fore mentioned cognitive domains of substance use disorders. Additionally, we propose an expansion of the scope to encompass precognition and social cognition, which are often overlooked but hold significant relevance to substance use disorders. While these two areas have received comparatively less attention, they are essential aspects of substance use disorders both phenomenologically and in other respects. The review concludes by suggesting avenues for further research and potential therapeutic interventions targeting both the well-established cognitive domains and this more comprehensive understanding of cognitive impairments associated with substance use disorders.
The Benefits of Grounding Strategies in Emotion and Arousal Regulation
Authors: Berberat Patricia Demierre
Published: January 2024

In this article, the author discusses the benefits of grounding strategies in modulating arousal and emotion. These essential resources are reminders of the present and are well-used in trauma therapy, temporary or persistent affect and arousal dysregulation, and crisis interventions. Grounding strategies foster emotional and physiological stabilization by focusing on the present environment and anchoring oneself in the here and now. Furthermore, they restore a sense of calmness and safety, promote a sense of control, and decrease the risk of dissociation in trauma treatment. The author analyzes from a Jungian perspective the impact of a patient’s dissociative manifestation and how to mitigate it using a compensatory grounding strategy
Women, Literature, and Resilience: A Narrative of Strength and Triumph
Authors: Vallejo Santiago Sevilla
Published: January 2024

This study explores the intersection of women, literature, and resilience, examining the multifaceted ways in which women's narratives contribute to a broader understanding of strength and triumph. Through a comprehensive analysis of literary works spanning various genres and historical periods, the research seeks to uncover recurring themes, motifs, and storytelling techniques employed by women authors to depict resilience in the face of challenges. By delving into the rich tapestry of women's literature, the study aims to elucidate how these narratives serve as powerful vehicles for expressing and shaping societal perceptions of female strength. Additionally, the research investigates the role of literature in fostering resilience among women, both in terms of personal empowerment and societal transformation. Ultimately, this exploration not only highlights the resilience inherent in women's stories but also underscores the transformative potential of literature in shaping narratives of strength and triumph for women across diverse contexts and cultures. Several literary works are analyzed, especially La estrella de rubíes by Carmen Martel.
A Brief Review on Prospect and Applicability of Perovskite Oxide based Nonmaterial
Authors: Ugwu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: January 2024

A brief review on the prospect and applicability of perovskite oxide nanocrystal has been carried out here in this work by first of all considering different forms of perovskite oxide nanocrystal materials which often appear in powder form or as thin film form deposited on a substrate. Different deposition techniques available for use to achieve the deposition in both cases depending on the form of the material were also considered with some of these deposition methods outlined and found to be unique in its procedural approach. In this case, it was observed that some of these techniques were found to be preferred to others because of the processes involved which are often seen to offer a better atmosphere for growth of perovskite oxide material with unique structural size and morphological pattern that creates room for a better critical size and dimensions of the material that were often seen to enhance the growth of the perovskite oxide nanocrystal especially with that which possesses optimal properties that are desired for various device applications. Also, some of these applications were highlighted with the structural properties of the materials that would offer the best quality in realizing a particular application.
Development of a Charcoal-Heated Egg Incubator for Family Poultry Farming
Authors: U.J Etoamaihe
Published: January 2024

The high cost and the epileptic nature of electricity supply in Nigeria has adversely affected the rate of poultry farming which resulted in high cost of poultry products. Hence, the need to have an alternative energy source that is renewable, inexhaustible, readily available, cheap and storable. The developed charcoal-heated egg incubator consists of two distinct units which are the heating and incubating units. The heating unit consists of two charcoal burners which generate heat and the heated air in the heating chamber flows through a pipe by natural drift through the incubating chamber where the eggs are kept for incubation to take place. The objective of this study is to develop a charcoal heated egg incubator with a temperature regulatory device and carry out the performance evaluation. The developed charcoal heated egg incubator had workability efficiency of 63%.