bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caprock Genesis in Hydrothermal Systems via Alteration‐Controlled Fault Weakening and Impermeabilization
Authors: Marchesini Barbara , Pozzi Giacomo , Collettini Cristiano , Carminati Eugenio , Tesei Telemaco
Published: January 2025

The mechanical and hydraulic behavior of faults in geothermal systems is strongly impacted by fluid‐induced alteration. However, the effect of this alteration on fault properties in geothermal reservoirs is under documented. This affects our ability to model the properties of subsurface structures, both in reservoirs and caprocks, and potential hazards during geothermal exploitation. We investigated fault rocks from the caprock of a fossil hydrothermal system in the Apennines of Italy. We combined field structural observations with mineralogical and microstructural analyses of faults that guided the circulation of hydrothermal fluids and steered the caprock formation. We also performed friction experiments and permeability tests on representative fault rocks. We document fault weakening induced by the effect of hydrolytic alteration leading to the enrichment of clay minerals along the slip surfaces of major faults. Alunite‐clay‐rich rocks are much weaker (friction coefficient 0.26 < μ < 0.45) than the unaltered protolith (trachyte, μ = 0.55), favoring strain localization. The late‐stage enrichment of clays along faults induces a local decrease in permeability of three orders of magnitude (1.62 × 10−19 m2) with respect to the surrounding rocks (1.96 × 10−16 m2) transforming faults from fluid conduits into barriers. The efficiency of this process is demonstrated by the cyclic development of fluid overpressure in the altered volcanic rocks, highlighted by chaotic breccias and hydrofracture networks. Permeability barriers also enhance the lateral flow of hydrothermal fluids, promoting the lateral growth of the caprock. Velocity‐strengthening frictional behavior of alunite‐clay‐rich rocks suggests that hydrolytic alteration favors stable slip of faults at low temperature.
Ice Core Records Shed Light on a Volcanic Mystery
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: January 2025

By analyzing sulfur and volcanic ash entrained in ice cores, researchers pinpointed a caldera in the remote Kuril Islands as the site of an unidentified 19th century eruption.
Nuclear farnesoid X receptor protects against bone loss by driving osteoblast differentiation through stabilizing RUNX2
Authors: Dong Qi , Fu Haoyuan , Li Wenxiao , Ji Xinyu , Yin Yingchao , Zhang Yiran , Zhu Yanbo , Li Guoqiang , Jia Huiyang , Zhang Heng , Wang Haofei , Hu Jinglue , Wang Ganggang , Wu Zhihao , Zhang Yingze , Xu Sujuan , Hou Zhiyong
Published: January 2025

The delicate balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts maintains bone homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are now understood to be crucial in bone physiology and pathology. However, the function of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the NR family, in regulating bone homeostasis remains incompletely understood. In this study, in vitro and in vivo models revealed delayed bone development and an osteoporosis phenotype in mice lacking FXR in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, FXR could stabilize RUNX2 by inhibiting Thoc6-mediated ubiquitination, thereby promoting osteogenic activity in BMSCs. Moreover, activated FXR could directly bind to the Thoc6 promoter, suppressing its expression. The interaction between RUNX2 and Thoc6 was mediated by the Runt domain of RUNX2 and the WD repeat of Thoc6. Additionally, Obeticholic acid (OCA), an orally available FXR agonist, could ameliorate bone loss in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model. Taken together, our findings suggest that FXR plays pivotal roles in osteoblast differentiation by regulating RUNX2 stability and that targeting FXR may be a promising therapeutic approach for osteoporosis.
The crosstalk between SND1 and PDCD4 is associated with chemoresistance of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhao Yun , Dhani Shanel , Gogvadze Vladimir , Zhivotovsky Boris
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly resistant to chemo- or radiation therapy, which poses a huge challenge for treatment of advanced NSCLC. Previously, we demonstrated the oncogenic role of Tudor Staphylococcal nuclease (TSN, also known as Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1, SND1), in regulating chemoresistance in NSCLC cells. Here, we showed that silencing of SND1 augmented the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to different chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, the expression of PDCD4 (a tumor suppressor highly associated with lung cancer) in NSCLC cells with low endogenous levels was attenuated by SND1 silencing, implying that SND1 might function as a molecular regulator upstream of PDCD4. PDCD4 is differentially expressed in various NSCLC cells. In the NSCLC cells (A549 and H23 cells) with low expression of PDCD4, despite the downregulation of PDCD4, silencing of SND1 still led to sensitization of NSCLC cells to treatment with different chemotherapeutic agents by the inhibition of autophagic activity. Thus, a novel correlation interlinking SND1 and PDCD4 in the regulation of NSCLC cells concerning chemotherapy was revealed, which contributes to understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in NSCLC.
Identifying falsified COVID-19 vaccines by analysing vaccine vial label and excipient profiles using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
Authors: Arman Benediktus Yohan , Clarke Rebecca , Bharucha Tehmina , Fernandez Laura Gomez , Walsby-Tickle John , Deats Michael , Mosca Sara , Lin Qianqi , Banerjee Sneha , Chunekar Shrikrishna R. , Patil Kundan D. , Gairola Sunil , Dunachie Susanna , Merchant Hamid A. , Stokes Robert , Kuwana Rutendo , Maes Alexandrine , Charrier Jean-Philippe , Probert Fay , Caillet Céline , Matousek Pavel , McCullagh James , Newton Paul N. , Zitzmann Nicole , Gangadharan Bevin
Published: January 2025

The rapid development and worldwide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is a remarkable achievement of biomedical research and logistical implementation. However, these developments are associated with the risk of a surge of substandard and falsified (SF) vaccines, as illustrated by the 184 incidents with SF and diverted COVID-19 vaccines which have been reported during the pandemic in 48 countries, with a paucity of methods for their detection in supply chains. In this context, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry (MS) is globally available for fast and accurate analysis of bacteria in patient samples, offering a potentially accessible solution to identify SF vaccines. We analysed the COVISHIELD™ COVID-19 vaccine; falsified versions of which were found in India, Myanmar and Uganda. We demonstrate for the first time that analysis of spectra from the vaccine vial label and its adhesive could be used as a novel approach to detect falsified vaccines. Vials tested by this approach could be retained in the supply chain since it is non-invasive. We also assessed whether MALDI-ToF MS could be used to distinguish the COVISHIELD™ vaccine from surrogates of falsified vaccines and the effect of temperature on vaccine stability. Both polysorbate 80 and L-histidine excipients of the genuine vaccine could be detected by the presence of a unique combination of MALDI-ToF MS peaks which allowed us to distinguish between the genuine vaccines and falsified vaccine surrogates. Furthermore, even if a falsified product contained polysorbate 80 at the same concentration as used in the genuine vaccine, the characteristic spectral profile of polysorbate 80 used in genuine products is a reliable internal marker for vaccine authenticity. Our findings demonstrate that MALDI-ToF MS analysis of extracts from vial labels and the vaccine excipients themselves can be used independently to detect falsified vaccines. This approach has the potential to be integrated into the national regulatory standards and WHO’s Prevent, Detect, and Respond strategy as a novel effective tool for detecting falsified vaccines.
Patterns of physical activity in hunter-gatherer children compared with US and UK children
Authors: Kretschmer Luke , Dyble Mark , Chaudhary Nikhil , Bann David , Salali Gul Deniz
Published: January 2025

Contemporary hunter-gatherers are highly active, but little is known about physical activity levels in hunter-gatherer children. We analysed 150 days of accelerometer data from 51 BaYaka hunter-gatherer children (aged 3–18) in the Republic of Congo, comparing it with British and American children using samples from Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BaYaka children were highly active, engaging in over 3 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily, surpassing British adolescents by over 70 min. Unlike US children, whose activity diminished with age, BaYaka children’s activity levels increased, irrespective of gender. This trend suggests that formal education may suppress activity among American children, a pattern not seen in the BaYaka community. Reflecting their foraging lifestyle, activity patterns varied within and between days in BaYaka children, a contrast to the more uniform daily activity observed in American children. Furthermore, our data challenges the concept of ‘teenage chronotypes’ prevalent in post-industrial societies, with adolescent BaYaka maintaining shorter sleep phases and later bedtimes, synchronized with sunrise. These findings highlight the impact of a foraging upbringing on children’s activity levels, providing a benchmark for understanding childhood physical activity and wellbeing.
Knowledge and attitude among Egyptian medical students regarding the role of human papillomavirus vaccine in prevention of oropharyngeal cancer: a questionnaire-based observational study
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohammed. N. , Hefnawy Abdullah , Azzam Hajer , Reisha Omar , Hamdy Omar
Published: January 2025

Squamous cell carcinomas in several anatomical sites are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), and oncogenic double-stranded DNA viruses. There are about 200 genotypes; HPV16 is the most often occurring variant. Potential ways of infection are skin warts, sexual activity, exposure, immunization, or oral sex. The growing incidence of OPSCC in Western countries makes vaccination increasingly vital. The FDA has approved the 9-valent vaccination as an OPSCC prophylactic agent. Still, political will, inadequate financing, and inadequate infrastructure help to explain the slow dissemination of anti-HPV vaccination. This study sought to evaluate Egyptian medical students’ knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward the advantages of HPV vaccination to prevent HPV-associated OPC. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study consisting of 696 participants from the first to fifth-year students enrolled in any Egyptian medical school registered in the academic year 2023–2024, specifically from June to August 2024, except non-medical, graduate, and non-Egyptian students who met the exclusion criteria. We privately gathered answers via colleagues and electronically via online Google forms posted on social media groups. This study concentrated on the poor knowledge of HPV among Egyptian medical students, particularly urban male students with a mean age of 21.72 ± 1.6 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia governorates. There was a clear fair attitude regarding the HPV vaccination, especially among urban male students with a mean age of 21.64 ± 1.65 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Alex governorates. Notably, only 7.7% of the students enrolled in the study knew the link between HPV and OPC. However, only 28.5% of participants have received the vaccine. The students said that lack of awareness (82.4%) was the most important obstacle to vaccination; followed by cultural attitudes (44.5%), vaccine accessibility (42.7%), and vaccine cost (41.3%). Ultimately, it was found that Egyptian medical students—especially those enrolled in clinical years in the governorates of Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia—have a low degree of knowledge of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and its vaccination role. Although preclinical students’ knowledge had greatly improved, the limited awareness—especially among clinical students—was concerning.
Impact of high pressure impregnation and air drying on the quality of Dosidicus gigas slices
Authors: Zura-Bravo Liliana , Lemus-Mondaca Roberto , Ortiz Jaime , Flores Marcos , Tabilo-Munizaga Gipsy , Pérez-Won Mario , Masztalerz Klaudia
Published: January 2025

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) is the most abundant cephalopod in the fishing industry, and its high nutritional and organoleptic properties make it a go-to food product for consumers. Therefore, developing new processing techniques seems imperative to minimize quality deterioration and provide products with appropriate characteristics. The study aimed to determine the effect of high-pressure impregnation (HPI) pretreatment on hot air-drying kinetics and the quality of Humboldt squid slices. Various pressures, times, and concentrations of osmotic solution during HPI were evaluated, followed by drying at 40 and 60 °C. The HPI pretreatment reduced the drying time by around 26% when dried at 40 °C, and only 18% when dried at⋅ 60 °C compared with unpretreated samples. The Weibull, Page, and Logarithmic models were considered for experimental drying curve modeling. Diffusion coefficient values varied from 3.82 to 6.59 × 10−9 m2/s for all drying conditions. Moreover, the color, texture, and water-holding capacity were determined. Rehydration capacity values increased due to less damage to cellular tissue than the control (HPI-untreated dried samples). Also, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a compacted structure of HPI-dried squid samples. Overall, HPI proved to be a beneficial pretreatment as it reduced drying time and improved the quality characteristics of Humboldt squid.
Quantitative analysis of amino acid excretion by Methanothermobacter marburgensis under N2-fixing conditions
Authors: Reischl Barbara , Schupp Benjamin , Palabikyan Hayk , Steger-Mähnert Barbara , Fink Christian , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R.
Published: January 2025

Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) possess fascinating metabolic characteristics, such as the ability to fix molecular nitrogen (N2). Methanogens are of biotechnological importance due to the ability to produce methane (CH4) from molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and to excrete proteinogenic amino acids. This study focuses on analyzing the link between biological methanogenesis and amino acid excretion under N2-fixing conditions. Among five hydrogenotrophic, autotrophic methanogens, Methanothermobacter marburgensis was prioritized and further cultivated in closed batch cultivation mode under N2-fixing conditions. M. marburgensis was grown on chemically defined minimal medium with different concentrations of ammonium in a H2/CO2/N2 atmosphere. This enabled the quantification of ammonia uptake, N2-fixation, amino acid excretion and the conversion of H2/CO2 to CH4. To quantify N2-fixation rates in a mass balance setting a novel method has been established. The method utilizes the pressure drop below a certain threshold pressure in closed batch cultivation mode – the threshold pressure for N

2

-fixation (THpN2fix). Using the THpN2fix method, volumetric N2-fixation rates of M. marburgensis as high as 0.91 mmol L−1 h−1 were determined. Excretion of amino acids was found with highest detected values of glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and asparagine. The highest total amino acid excretion of 7.5 µmol L−1 h−1 was detected with H2/CO2/N2 at an ammonium concentration of 40 mmol L−1. This study sheds light on the link between methanogenesis, biological N2-fixation, and proteinogenic amino acid excretion. The concomitant production of amino acids and CH4 could become of biotechnological relevance in an integrated approach coupling biomethanation and N2-fixation in a biorefinery concept.
Deep learning-based malaria parasite detection: convolutional neural networks model for accurate species identification of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Ramos-Briceño Diego A. , Flammia-D’Aleo Alessandro , Fernández-López Gerardo , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David A.
Published: January 2025

Accurate malaria diagnosis with precise identification of Plasmodium species is crucial for an effective treatment. While microscopy is still the gold standard in malaria diagnosis, it relies heavily on trained personnel. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly improved diagnostic capabilities and accuracy by enabling the automated analysis of medical images. Previous models efficiently detected malaria parasites in red blood cells but had difficulty differentiating between species. We propose a CNN-based model for classifying cells infected by P. falciparum, P. vivax, and uninfected white blood cells from thick blood smears. Our best-performing model utilizes a seven-channel input and correctly predicted 12,876 out of 12,954 cases. We also generated a cross-validation confusion matrix that showed the results of five iterations, achieving 63,654 out of 64,126 true predictions. The model’s accuracy reached 99.51%, a precision of 99.26%, a recall of 99.26%, a specificity of 99.63%, an F1 score of 99.26%, and a loss of 2.3%. We are now developing a system based on real-world quality images to create a comprehensive detection tool for remote regions where trained microscopists are unavailable.
Russian forests show strong potential for young forest growth
Authors: Neigh Christopher S. R. , Montesano Paul M. , Sexton Joseph O. , Wooten Margaret , Wagner William , Feng Min , Carvalhais Nuno , Calle Leonardo , Carroll Mark L.
Published: January 2025

Climate warming has improved conditions for boreal forest growth, yet the region’s fate as a carbon sink of aboveground biomass remains uncertain. Forest height is a powerful predictor of aboveground forest biomass, and access to spatially detailed height-age relationships could improve the understanding of carbon dynamics in this ecosystem. The capacity of land to grow trees, defined in forestry as site index, was estimated by analyzing recent measurements of canopy height against a chronosequence of forest stand age derived from the historical satellite record. Forest-height estimates were then subtracted from the predicted site index to estimate height-age growth potential across the region. Russia, which comprised 73% of the forest change domain, had strong departures from model expectation of 2.4–4.8 ± 3.8 m for the 75th and 90th percentiles. Combining satellite observations revealed a large young forest growth sink if allowed to recover from disturbance.
PIF/harbinger transposon-derived protein promotes 7SL expression to enhance pathogen resistance
Authors: Geng Shang , Lv Xing , Xu Tianjun
Published: January 2025

Transcriptional regulation governs gene expression levels, primarily controlled by “cis-acting DNA elements” and “trans-acting protein factors”. However, the conventional view that cis-regulation is solely attributable to DNA elements is challenged in this study. Our research indicates that transposon-derived proteins may retain their original DNA-binding preference and exert cis-regulatory effects on nearby genes on the chromosome, thus denoted as “cis-acting factors”. Specifically, we show that the ADF-1L protein, derived from the PIF/harbinger transposon, recruits the histone acetyltransferase KAT2B in a MADF domain-dependent manner, facilitating its own nuclear translocation and binding to and cis-regulating its own and adjacent gene 7SL-23. ADF-1L protein also boosts the host’s resistance to pathogens by promoting the expression of immune molecule 7SL RNA. In summary, our findings expand the types of molecules that can exert cis-function in gene regulation and underscore the relevance of transposons-derived sequences in cellular processes.
Sodium ion conductivities in Na2O–Sm2O3–SiO2 ceramics
Authors: Sivakumaran Abinaya , Surendran Vishnu , Butler Shantel , Reid Samuel , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: January 2025

The sodium samarium silicate electrolyte exhibited an enhanced conductivity of 1.33 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and improved wettability with Na, making it suitable for advanced solid-state batteries.
Identification of sulfonylated indolo[1,2-a]quinolines as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Phetcharawetch Jongkonporn , Uppalabat Thikhamporn , Sawektreeratana Natthapat , Suwannapaporn Pornsiri , Todsaporn Duangjai , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Muanprasat Chatchai , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: January 2025

A potential EGFR-TK inhibitor, 7-methyl-6-phenyl-5-tosylindolo[1,2-a]quinoline (IQSO2R-I), is reported. It is as potent as afatinib in A549 cells, with slightly lower toxicity in Vero cells.
Construction of a hydrazine electrochemical sensor using Ag@ZIF as the electrode material
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Ali Saood , Ahmad Khursheed , Raza Waseem , Khan Rais Ahmad
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the fabrication of hydrazine sensors has received extensive attention because of the toxicity of hydrazine to the environment and human beings.
Separation of 100 nm-sized nanoparticles using a poly-Lys-modified monolith column
Authors: Kato Masaru , Shirakawa Yui , Kanai Yuka , Ota Shigenori , Murayama Nozomi , Miyazaki Shota , Yamamoto Eiichi , Takaki Takashi
Published: January 2025

Development of an effective HPLC column for rapid and efficient separation of 100 nm nanoparticles, such as nanomedicines and small extracellular vesicles, which are of interest in various fields.
Breaking down the confinement effect on perovskite growth to fabricate efficient, carbon electrode-based mesoscopic perovskite solar cells via low-temperature and all-air procedures
Authors: Guo De’en , Ma Jiao , Peng Heng , Yu Xiaohan , Xue Junhao , Xie Haipeng , Huang Han , Kong Deming , Zhou Conghua
Published: January 2025

The confinement effect of PVSK growth is broken down by newly released micron-sized carbon-black spheres (CBSs), helping achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.28% and T80 of ∼690 h during Q-MPPT test for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells.
Gaussian Lagrangian galaxy bias
Authors: Stücker Jens , Pellejero-Ibáñez Marcos , Voivodic Rodrigo , Angulo Raul E.
Published: January 2025

Understanding galaxy bias – that is, the statistical relation between matter and galaxies – is of key importance for extracting cosmological information from galaxy surveys. While the ‘bias function’, f – the probability of forming galaxies in a region with a given density field – is usually approximated through a parametric expansion, we show here that it can also be measured directly from simulations in a non-parametric way. Our measurements show that the Lagrangian bias function is very close to a Gaussian for halo selections of any mass. Therefore, we introduce a new Gaussian bias model that has several intriguing properties: (1) it predicts only strictly positive probabilities, f > 0 (unlike expansion models), (2) it has a simple analytic re-normalised form, and (3) it behaves gracefully in many scenarios in which the classical expansion converges poorly. We show that the Gaussian bias model generally describes the galaxy environment distribution, p(δ|g), the scale-dependent bias function, f, and the re-normalised bias function, F, of haloes and galaxies as well as a second-order expansion with the same number of parameters, or significantly better than it. We suggest that a Gaussian bias approach may enhance the range of validity of bias schemes in which the canonical expansion converges poorly, and further that it may make new applications possible, since it guarantees the positivity of predicted galaxy densities.
Density and distribution pattern of Polinices sp. in Kuala Cangkoi and Ujong Pancu beach, Indonesia
Authors: Octavina Chitra , Zahara Nadia , Feranita Fachri Rania , Muntazir Muntazir
Published: January 2025

Polinices sp. is a genus of the Naticidae family that lives in the intertidal zone with tidal influence and soft textured substrates. This research was conducted in March 2022, located in the waters of Kuala Cangkoi, Banda Aceh and Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar. The purpose of this study was to determine the density and distribution pattern of Polinices with Kuala Cangkoi and Ujong Pancu water quality. The method used in this study was purposive sampling method. The identification results found in both research locations are Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758). The average density value of Polinices obtained in Kuala Cangkoi was 1.6 ind/m2 and in Ujong Pancu 1.9 ind/m2. The distribution pattern found in both research locations is random. Water parameters include temperature ranging from 30°C - 32°C in both locations. The salinity obtained in both research locations was 20‰. The acidity (pH) obtained was 8.4 in Kuala Cangkoi and 7.6 in Ujong Pancu. The type of substrate obtained is sandy loam and sandy loam. Overall, the environmental conditions of Kuala Cangkoi and Ujong Pancu waters are still within the tolerance limits of Polinices to support their lives.
Molecular and morphology identification of Squat lobster (Family Galatheidae) in Seribu Islands, Jakarta
Authors: Amanda Siregar Raissha , Putri Anggraini Nurlita , Restiana Endang Gelis Ester , Suryo Kusumo Bagus , Subhan Beginer , P Zamani Neviaty , Madduppa Hawis , Najwa Khalilah
Published: January 2025

Squat lobsters are organisms that have high abundance and can be found in almost all environmental conditions, one of which is dead coral. Due to its wide distribution and many systematic differences within the group, this group has a complex classification history. This lobster squat group can be accurately identified using molecular analysis combined with morphological identification. The purpose of this study was to identify squat lobsters on dead coral in the Seribu Islands, Jakarta through phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on molecular and morphological identification. A total of 18 squat lobster individuals collected from dead coral heads were preserved using 96% ethanol. The mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene target was used for molecular identification. The BLAST results on NCBI were identified as Allogalathea elegans, Allogalathea babai and Galathea sp. 2, which form 3 clades in the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we confirmed this type through morphological identification, which involves comparing the shape of the rostrum and the structure of the spines on the carapace. Both tools have been validated and can describe the types of squat lobsters in the Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Squat lobsters play a role in the food web of coral reef ecosystems as an important food source for carnivores. This study has the potential to provide insight into the function of dead coral in coral reef ecosystems and can broaden insights into marine biodiversity and also provide relevant data for the management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems.
Marine Automatic Weather System (MAWS) instrumentation system for climate change monitoring based on The Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Husen Zakaria , Ismail Nazli , Syukri Surbakti Muhammad , Omar Fairuz , Yusibani Elin , Kesuma Fatmawati , Nurhanif Nurhanif , Arif Hasibuan Ahmad , Fauzi Fauzi
Published: January 2025

This research is based on the need for Marine Automatic Weather Station (MAWS) devices for climate change monitoring based on the Internet of Things (IoT) which are still lacking and are supplied from abroad. This research is limited to wind speed and direction parameters. The resulting wind speed and direction data will be saved into a database and displayed on a 16x2 LCD and a dynamic website using PHP, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, and SQL programming. The data transmission is using the 2G/3G cellular network so that the device could be placed in areas where there is only a 2G/3G cellular network. This instrumentation system consists of several parts, such as a data processing unit using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. This instrument is also equipped with a SIM808 GSM/GPRS/GPS module. In this research, there are two stages of equipment testing, i.e. laboratory testing to determine whether data can be sent in real-time into the database, and field testing which functions to calibrate the equipment. The error value of the wind speed measuring instrument is 2.48 % and the accuracy is 97.52%, so the designed instrument can be said to be accurate. Meanwhile, the wind direction measuring instrument has a high error value of 21.93 % and an accuracy of 78.07%.
Spatial analysis of plankton distribution in Northern Waters of Aceh: An indicator of marine environmental quality
Authors: Octavina Chitra , Maghfirah  , Lacroix Geneviève , Suciati Nasah , Fajar Muhammad , Syufi Nurul Hidayatul , Haridhi Haekal Azief , Haditiar Yudi
Published: January 2025

Plankton, especially phytoplankton, serves as the essential building block of the marine food chain. As a result, the presence of plankton in a body of water is frequently utilized as a measure of water quality and primary productivity. This study aims to determine plankton's spatial patterns in Northern Aceh's waters as a bioindicator of water quality. The spatial distribution of plankton was analyzed through water sampling at several points in the sea in the Northern Waters of Aceh (NWA). Plankton analysis included abundance, diversity, and community composition. Concurrently, an analysis of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, was conducted. Information on plankton abundance and environmental parameters was then linked to identify their spatial relationships. Furthermore, to understand the spatial distribution of plankton, plankton abundance was correlated with spectral bands from satellite imagery. The study results indicate spatial variation in plankton abundance in NWA due to the physicochemical parameters of the seawater. Analysis reveals that Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta (diatoms), Chlorophyta, Arthropoda, and Rotifera are present in NWA, with Bacillariophyta being the most dominant. The dominance of Bacillariophyta (diatoms) over Cyanobacteria, combined with the absence of Pseudo-nitzschia spp., highlights the good ecological health and fertility of NWA.
Impact	of	tidal	mixing	on	mixed	layer	depth variability in the Northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Nur Hidayat Muh. , Wafdan Reza , Ramli Marwan , Muchlisin Zainal A. , Muhammad Muhammad , Rizal Syamsul
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the influence of tidal mixing on the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) in the Northern Bay of Bengal (NBoB), providing insights into regional variations in oceanic mixing processes. The data used in this study consisted of daily MLD observations over a two-year period (2022–2023) from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) data portal. The analysis focused on three regions within the NBoB, determined based on the Simpson-Hunter (SH) parameter calculations which indicate the intensity of tidal mixing. The first region, identified by low tidal mixing (evidenced by a high SH parameter), is located between 85°E-87°E and 18.5°N-20°N. The second region, characterized by high tidal mixing (or low SH parameter), spans 90°E-92°E and 21°N-23°N. The third region, with moderate tidal mixing, covers 92°E-94°E and 18.5°N- 20.5°N. The study reveals that Region 1 has the highest average MLD (14.85 m), Region 2 has the lowest average MLD (9.02 m), and Region 3 has an intermediate MLD (12.58 m). These findings highlight an inverse relationship between tidal mixing intensity and MLD, with stronger tidal mixing linked to shallower MLD.
Characterization of marine coral fragment-derived calcium oxide and its performance in chloramphenicol removal from water
Authors: Karina Sofyatuddin , Prajaputra Vicky , Isnaini Nadia , Rahayu Putri Sri , Sihombing Mastavioni
Published: January 2025

Chloramphenicol, a widely used antibiotic, is a persistent pollutant in aquatic environments, posing a threat to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the use of calcium oxide (CaO) derived from marine coral fragments as a natural adsorbent for the removal of chloramphenicol from water. Marine coral was calcined to obtain CaO, which was then characterized using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Chloramphenicol was detected at a maximum absorption wavelength of 278 nm using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The adsorption efficiency of CaO was tested by varying the adsorbent weights (0.05 g, 0.075 g, and 0.1 g) and chloramphenicol concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L). Results indicated that an adsorbent weight of 0.05 g was most effective, achieving an adsorption efficiency of 7.05%. The highest adsorption capacity, 0.28 mg/g, was observed at a chloramphenicol concentration of 20 ppm. However, the overall adsorption efficiency of CaO was relatively low, indicating the need for further development, such as the creation of biocomposites, to improve its adsorption capabilities. This study demonstrates that while marine coral-derived CaO shows potential as an eco-friendly adsorbent, additional research and optimization are necessary to enhance its effectiveness for water treatment applications.
UV-Enhanced removal of enrofloxacin in water using oyster shell-derived CaO-ZnO composite
Authors: Sihombing Mastavioni , Azizah Nurfiah , Febriyanti Siti , Miraza Adithya Zulfadli , Prajaputra Vicky , Isnaini Nadia , Karina Sofyatuddin , Riswan M.
Published: January 2025

The contamination of aquatic environments by enrofloxacin, a commonly used veterinary antibiotic, poses serious risks to both ecosystem health and human safety. This study investigates the potential of calcium oxide-zinc oxide (CaO-ZnO) composites derived from oyster shells for the UV-enhanced degradation of enrofloxacin in water. The CaO-ZnO composites were synthesized via calcination of oyster shells mixed with zinc oxide and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their mineral properties. Enrofloxacin was detected at a maximum absorption wavelength of 272 nm using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of the CaO-ZnO composites was assessed at room temperature, with varying contact times (30-150 minutes) and pH levels (3, 6, and 9). The results demonstrated that the CaO-ZnO composite achieved the best performance at pH 3, with a removal efficiency of 42.87% after 150 minutes. Under UV light from sunlight, the removal efficiency was significantly enhanced, reaching 61.04% compared to 14.53% for CaO. These findings suggest that CaO-ZnO composites derived from oyster shells are promising materials for the effective UV-enhanced removal of enrofloxacin from contaminated water sources. However, further improvements are needed by optimizing additional parameters to enhance their effectiveness.
Nutrient dynamic in sediment and organs of the mangrove
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh
Authors: Ariyanto Dafit , Pringgenies Delianis , Natalia Br Ginting Devica
Published: January 2025

Avicennia marina is a mangrove species that can be found on the coast of Indonesia, specifically in Lampung province. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Avicennia marina nutrients in natural mangroves. This study was conducted in the coast of Pesawaran, Lampung, Indonesia in December 2023. Nutrient sampling included leaves, roots, and sediment in the Avicennia marina mangrove area. The statistical analysis used the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The nutrients analyzed were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Z), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the leaves, roots, and sediment. The results of this study revealed the eigenvalues and loading factors of the nutrient variables. The main factor (F1) presented 99.78% of the variable data where each variables contributed not significantly different. The main to the least variables were Mg (0.47), Fe (-0.46), N (0.43), Zn (-0.43), and P (0.42). The negative values of Fe and Zn variables indicated a negative correlation with Mg, N, and P. If the Fe and Zn values increase, then the Mg, N, and P values will be the opposite.
Harnessing macroalgae for heavy metal phytoremediation: A sustainable approach to aquatic pollution control
Authors: Ali Akbar Said , Nur Lestari Aisyah , Rizki Fazli Rahmad , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: January 2025

This review explores the potential of macroalgae in heavy metal phytoremediation, focusing on their ability to absorb and sequester toxic metals from contaminated aquatic environments. Heavy metals, pose significant ecological and health risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Phytoremediation, particularly using macroalgae, offers a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. Data from various studies show that macroalgae species such as Sargassum wightii,
Caulerpa racemosa, and Durvillaea antarctica demonstrate high efficiency in removing heavy metals. The review discusses key challenges such as scaling up macroalgae cultivation and the safe disposal of metal- laden biomass. Additionally, it highlights gaps in current research, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and further investigation into the mechanisms of metal uptake. Overall, macroalgae-based phytoremediation presents a promising solution for mitigating aquatic pollution and enhancing ecosystem health.
Chronic effects of palm oil mill effluent on the hepatosomatic index of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Zulfahmi Ilham , Setia Batubara Agung , Ali Rizwan , Wulandari Nasution Ayu , Puspita Bela , Nafis Badratun
Published: January 2025

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a significant environmental pollutant that adversely affects fish physiology, particularly liver function, which plays a critical role in detoxification and metabolism. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) is a reliable biomarker for assessing liver health under environmental stress. This study evaluated the effects of chronic POME exposure on the HSI of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to understand their physiological adaptations to POME contamination. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, with three treatments (0 mL/L as control, 0.5 mL/L, and 1 mL/L) and four replicates. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.05), with HSI values ranging at 0.175–0.180 by day 28. Despite fluctuations during the study, such as an initial 20% increase in HSI in treatment A by day 7, the results indicate adaptive hepatic responses without significant toxic effects at the tested concentrations. These findings highlight the resilience of zebrafish to low concentrations of POME, underscoring the importance of HSI as a biomarker for sub-lethal toxicant effects. This study contributes to aquatic pollution management by providing insights into the ecological risks associated with POME and emphasizing the need for stricter wastewater discharge standards and policies to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.
Trend	analysis	of	extreme	rainfall	in Cikapundung Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Handoko Unggul , Fakhrudin Muh , Apip  , Hidayat  , Turmudi  , Triwisesa Endra
Published: January 2025

Bandung is one of the areas prone to flood disasters in Indonesia. The areas frequently affected by flooding are located around the Cikapundung Watershed. Floods are triggered by several factors, namely: rainfall, changes in land use, as well as geological and morphological conditions. The aim of this research is to analyze rainfall in the Cikapundung watershed to see whether there is an increase in extreme rainfall from 1977- 2022. The method used in this research is first to test the homogeneity of rainfall over 45 years. Next, the extreme rainfall indices and the trend of each wet extreme rainfall indices were calculated using the Mann-Kendall test. The research results show that statistically, of the 20 indices analyzed, only one indices experienced a significant downward trend, namely the Rx5day indices at Kayu Ambon station. Other indices show a p-value of more than 0.05, which means statistically there is no trend, either an upward trend or a downward trend.
Amphipod size variation and substrate color preferences in coastal habitats: An experimental study in Ujung Genteng, West Java
Authors: Krisanti Majariana , Mashar Ali , Puspa Ayu Inna , Farajallah Achmad , Ananingtyas  , Aprilia Mita , Zainal Arifin Jauhar , Zulmi Reza , Eko Susilo Vendi , Aulia Putri Tazkiah , Iskandar Irwan , Musti’atin  , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: January 2025

Amphipods are key detritivores in coastal ecosystems, and their behaviour and habitat selection can offer insights into their survival strategies. This study aims to investigate the substrate colour preferences and size variation in
Traskorchestia georgiana, an amphipod species inhabiting sandy beaches. Experiment was done in August 2024 at coastal habitat of Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, West java. Through a series of controlled experiments, amphipods were exposed to four different substrate colours (yellow, pink, green, and light blue) to assess their preferences and size distribution with Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman Test. Although statistical analysis indicated no significant colour preferences (p > 0.05), observable trends suggested a higher average number of amphipods on the pink substrate compared to the light blue. Additionally, size variation among the amphipods did not correlate with substrate colour. These findings suggest that other factors, such as substrate texture or moisture content, may play a more important role in habitat selection for these species. The study contributes to a broader understanding of amphipod behavior and provides insights into coastal ecosystem management and conservation, particularly in the context of habitat restoration efforts.
Microplastic	contamination	in	commercial marine fish: A case study in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Ezraneti Riri , Hassan Noor Artika , Miskon Mohd Fuad , Mohamed Juliana
Published: January 2025

Microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems endangered marine organisms such as fish and poses a risk to humans. This research aims to investigate the presence of microplastic contamination in commercial marine fish caught around Johor, Malaysia. This study uses samples from four species of commercial marine fish consists of Indian mackerel, Yellowtail scad, Forktail threadfin bream and Black pomfret. Furthermore, microplastics were extracted, characterized, and identified from fish flesh. The results show that the fish species with the highest number of microplastics were yellowtail scad (23.33%) and Indian mackerel (30%) from all fish analyzed, which had an average of 0.022 and 0.021 particles/g, respectively. The pelagic fish has a higher microplastic number than the demersal fish (p-value = 0.037). Black fragments with < 200 µm in size are the majority of microplastics discovered. Fish flesh predominantly contains microplastics like polyamide (PA) and Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). Further study and regular monitoring on microplastic contamination in commercial marine fish need to be done to mitigate the impact of microplastics on human health and marine ecosystems, particularly in Johor, peninsular Malaysia.
Effect of betel leaf extract (Piper Betle L.) toward hatching and survival rate of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) larvae
Authors: Dara Dewi Cut , Zahara Raihan , Nazlia Suraiya , Humeira Humeira
Published: January 2025

One of the factors that causes the hatchability of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) eggs to be low is fungal attack. One natural ingredient that can prevent fungal attacks on fish eggs is betel leaves (Piper betle L.) because they have antifungal compounds. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving betel leaf extract on the hatchability of eggs and the survival of sea bass larvae. This research was carried out from 21 February to 3 March 2024 at the Ujung Batee Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center. The method used in this research was a Complete Random Design (CRD) with 5 treatment levels and 4 replications. The concentrations of betle leaf extract used included treatment A (control), treatment B (1.40 ml/L), treatment C (1.50 ml/L), treatment D (1.60 ml/L) and treatment E (1.70 ml/L). Based on the ANOVA test that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the addition of betel leaf extract has a significant effect on the hatchability of sea bass eggs and the survival of sea bass larvae. Treatment C (1.50 ml/L) was the best treatment in this study, which resulted in a hatchability percentage of 89.50%, with a survival rate of 84.50%.
Viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic indices and condition factor of Barbonymus and Osteochilus genus in the freshwater river of North Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Abdul Samad Agus , Junita Afrah , Ilman Navia Zidni
Published: January 2025

North Aceh is one of the regencies in the Aceh province that has extensive freshwater fisheries. Commonly freshwater species found in this area are Barbonymus and Osteochilus genus. This study was conducted to analyse the viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor of these species. Specimens were caught using fishing nets, gill nets, and fish traps. The data collection took place in 10 villages, and sampling were collected from July to August 2024. The observed parameters during the study were the viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and water quality parameters. All samples were measured for weight and length, and then dissected to measure the viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices. This study found 6 species of Barbonymus and 4 species of Osteochilus genus, totaling 123 and 96 specimens respectively. Length and weight of Barbonymus genus of six species were 10.20 – 15.50 cm and 14.47 – 51.83 g, respectively, while the Osteochilus genus showed a range of 12.70 – 17.30 cm and 22.99 - 70.21 g. The condition factor of the Barbonymus genus varied from 0.97 - 1.39, while in the Osteochilus genus was 1.10 – 1.36. The VSI of Barbonymus genus was 5.98 – 8.50%. whereas, the Osteochilus genus showed a range of 7.18 – 29.97%.
The identification of sustainable fishing gear based on the code of conduct for responsible fisheries in West Aceh
Authors: Chaliluddin Makwiyah A. , Anggun Caya , Rianjuanda Djamanni , Affan Junaidi M. , Nellyana Roesa , Bustami Bustami , Ahyar Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This research examines the environmental friendliness of various fishing gear in the West Aceh District. The research method used is descriptive, data was collected by interviewing fishermen using questionnaires and direct observation of the research object. There are nine aspects of the assessment criteria namely; high selectivity, no damage to habitat, the safety of fishermen, high-quality production, no harm to consumers, low by-catch, no catch of protected or endangered species, minimal impact on biodiversity, and social acceptability. The type of fishing gear and quantity was collected as primary data meanwhile secondary data was obtained from official documents from the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service, websites, books, and journals. All fishermen who used nine types of fishing gear: trawls, boat seines, trolling lines, handlines, Purse seines, traps, millennium gillnet, trammel net, and bottom longline, were part of the population. The research shows that trolling lines and handlines are the highest level of environmental friendliness, and are categorised as “very environmentally friendly”. Purse seines, traps, and boat seines also belong to this category. In contrast, trawls and trammel nets are categorised as “less environmentally friendly” due to their negative impact on marine habitats and high levels of by-catch