bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Elevated Serum Lipocalin-2 Levels With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xi , Shen Xiurong , Zhou Wan , Xu Mengyun , Xing Yan , Weng Jianping , Ye Shandong , Xu Suowen , Zhang Zhi , Wang Wei
Published: April 2021

BackgroundA variety of studies have demonstrated the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in both diabetes and neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the relationship between LCN2 and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) needs to be elucidated in humans. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association of LCN2 with DPN in type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsA total 207 participants with T2D were included in this study. All participants were classified into DNP group and non-DNP (NDPN) group based on the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring (TCNS). Demographic and biochemical parameters were measured. Serum LCN2 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. ResultsSerum LCN2 levels in DNP group were higher than those in NDPN group (p = 0.001). Stratification analysis according to the tertiles of serum LCN2 levels showed that with the LCN2 level elevated, the number of participants with DPN increased, whereas the number of participants with NDPN decreased (trend p = 0.003). Moreover, serum LCN2 levels positively correlated to TCNS scores, which reflects neuropathy severity (r = 0.438, p = 0.000). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI, triglycerides and diastolic pressure were independently associated with serum LCN2 in DPN. Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LCN2 (OR = 1.009) and diabetes duration (OR = 1.058) were independently associated with the occurrence of DPN in T2D.Conclusions﻿Our report reveals the association of serum LCN2 with DPN in T2D. LCN2 might be used to evaluate DPN severity and serve a role in the pathogenesis of DPN.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Meningiomas With Distant Metastases at Presentation
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Ngo Tam N.M. , Dunn Ian F.
Published: April 2021

IntroductionDistant metastases (DM) at presentation in meningiomas is a very rare event, and the incidence and factors predicting this are uncertain. This population-based study also aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of DM at presentation and clinical parameters to prognosticate the overall survival (OS) of meningiomas presenting with DM (M1).MethodsWe accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to search for patients who were diagnosed with meningioma between 2004-2016. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression model was utilized to evaluate the prognostic parameters of meningiomas with DM at presentation.ResultsThe incidence of DM at presentation among all meningiomas was 0.18%. Clinical variables associated with this event were male gender, large tumor size, and WHO grade III. The presence of DM at diagnosis conferred a shorter survival in comparison to those without DM (HR = 2.015; 95% CI = 1.600-2.536). Older patient age, male gender, malignant histology, and the lesser extent of resection were independent prognostic factors that could negatively impact OS of M1 meningiomas. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not associated with an improved outcome for these patients.ConclusionOur study highlighted the clinical and prognostic factors of M1 meningiomas. These data suggest that a greater extent of resection is associated with increased OS across a nationwide analysis and emphasize the need to establish the standards of care in these patients.
A Vein-Viewing Application Enabled Detecting Abdominal Wall Varices Related to the Presence of Non-Treated Gastroesophageal Varices: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hoshino Yoshiki , Sugihara Takaaki , Ikeda Suguru , Matsuki Yukako , Nagahara Takakazu , Okano Jun-ichi , Isomoto Hajime
Published: April 2021

Background
Gastroesophageal varices (GOV) are a life-threatening complication in chronic liver disease. A method for non-invasively predicting GOV is crucial for management. This study aimed to determine whether a vein-viewing application can detect abdominal wall varices (AWV) and elucidate the relationship between AWV and GOV.
Methods
One-hundred patients with chronic liver diseases were prospectively enrolled. All the patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy within three months of the enrollment. Unmanipulated images (UI) and Vein-weighted images (VWI) were taken for assessing AWV by a vein-viewing application on iPhone. Two doctors independently evaluated both image types. We defined the grading of both UI and AWV as grade 0 (non-detectable), grade 1 (slightly detectable), and grade 2 (distinct).
Results
The causes of liver diseases among the 71 men and 29 women (median age, 70.5 year) included Hepatitis B (n = 19), Hepatitis C (n = 21), alcoholism (n = 3), primary biliary cholangitis (n = 4), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 4) and others (n = 20). GOV were indicated in 60 patients, and half of them had not been treated previously (non-treated). VWI could significantly visualize AWV than UI (24% vs 72%, p = 0.0005). The presence of cirrhosis (chronic hepatitis vs cirrhosis = 64.6% vs 91.4%, p = 0.004) and GOV (52.3% vs 74.3%, p = 0.032) were significantly higher in the VWI-AWV grade 2 group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that VWI-AWV grade 2 was an independent factor related to the presence of non-treated GOV [OR = 2.97 (1.17–7.53), p = 0.022].
Conclusions
The vein-viewing application non-invasively detected AWV related to the presence of cirrhosis and GOV, and VWI-AWV grade 2 was an independent factor related to the presence of non-treated GOV.
Automated radiosynthesis of two 18F-labeled tracers containing 3-fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl moiety, [18F]FMISO and [18F]PM-PBB3, via [18F]epifluorohydrin
Authors: Kawamura Kazunori , Ohkubo Takayuki , Kurihara Yusuke , Ogawa Masanao , Nengaki Nobuki , Fujinaga Masayuki , Mori Wakana , Kumata Katsushi , Hanyu Masayuki , Furutsuka Kenji , Hashimoto Hiroki , Zhang Ming-Rong
Published: April 2021

Background
[18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and 1-[18F]fluoro-3-((2-((1E,3E)-4-(6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-yl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol ([18F]PM-PBB3 or [18F]APN-1607) are clinically used radiotracers for imaging for hypoxia and tau pathology, respectively. Both radiotracers were produced by direct [18F]fluorination using the corresponding tosylate precursors 1 or 2 and [18F]F−, followed by the removal of protecting groups. In this study, we synthesized [18F]FMISO and [18F]PM-PBB3 by [18F]fluoroalkylation using [18F]epifluorohydrin ([18F]5) for clinical applications.
Results
First, [18F]5 was synthesized by the reaction of 1,2-epoxypropyl tosylate (8) with [18F]F− and was purified by distillation. Subsequently, [18F]5 was reacted with 2-nitroimidazole (6) or PBB3 (7) as a precursor for 18F-labeling, and each reaction mixture was refined by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography and formulation to obtain the [18F]FMISO or [18F]PM-PBB3 injection. All synthetic sequences were performed using an automated 18F-labeling synthesizer. The [18F]FMISO thus obtained showed sufficient radioactivity (0.83 ± 0.20 GBq at the end of synthesis; n = 8) with appropriate radiochemical yield based on [18F]F− (26 ± 7.5% at the end of irradiation with decay-corrected; n = 8). [18F]PM-PBB3 thus obtained showed sufficient radioactivity (0.79 ± 0.10 GBq; n = 11) with appropriate radiochemical yield based on [18F]F− (16 ± 3.2% at the end of irradiation with decay-corrected; n = 11).
Conclusions
Both [18F]FMISO and [18F]PM-PBB3 injections were successfully synthesized with sufficient radioactivity by [18F]fluoroalkylation using [18F]5.
Are there socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults? A nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rosewarne Emalie , Santos Joseph Alvin , Hoek Annet , Grimes Carley , Nowson Caryl , Webster Jacqui , Bolton Kristy A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Diets low in fruit and vegetables and high in salt are among the top dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In a nationally representative sample of Australians, this study aimed to describe self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables, and knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to salt intake, and determine if there were socio-demographic differences between population subgroups.
Methods

A 2016 cross-sectional survey of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, which comprised 160 questions, including socio-demographic, core health and research-related questions. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval, %) were calculated. Weighted-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine if there were socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption.
Results

A total of 1217 participants completed the survey (51% female). Less than 8% of participants reported consuming the recommended 2 or more serves of fruit and 5 or more serves of vegetables. Almost 60% of participants frequently added salt during cooking/meal preparation and 42% of respondents frequently placed a salt-shaker on the table at mealtimes. There were no patterns between socio-demographic differences and measures of fruit and vegetable consumption and salt behaviours. Differences in at least one measure were found for sex, age, location, education level and weight category.
Conclusions

There were no patterns between socio-demographic factors and salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable intake. Less than recommended intakes of fruit and vegetables and frequent discretionary salt use are placing Australians at risk of diet-related NCDs. Policy changes to improve the food environment complimented by a nationwide consumer awareness campaign targeting all socio-demographic groups will therefore be required to improve Australian’s diets.
Effect of Electro-acupuncture on Ovarian Function and Outcome of Ivf-et of Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Yang Le , Zhang Hanwang , Zhou Li , Gao Ying , Yang Lijuan , Hu Yajun , Xu Lu , Huang Dongmei
Published: April 2021

Background:Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is the precursor state of ovarian failure, and can cause the decline of women’s reproductive function. DOR also leads to poor outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) by affecting the oocytes, high qualified embryo rate, pregnancy rate, etc. Some studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can improve ovarian function. But to date, there is limited evidence indicating that acupuncture or electro-acupuncture is efficient to DOR. This trial aims to evaluate the efficiency and safety of electro-acupuncture for the ovarian function and the following outcome of IVF-ET in DOR patients.Methods:This will be a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of more than 338 women with DOR will be randomly allocated to treatment and control groups in 1:1 ratio receiving acupuncture before undergoing IVF-ET. The primary outcome will be the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of IVF-ET after acupuncture. The secondary outcomes will be ovarian reserve function, outcomes of IVT-ET, blood biochemical index, Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS), scores from the self-rating anxiety and depression scale, quality of life, and pregnancy outcomes. The safety of acupuncture will also be assessed.Discussion:The results of this trial may provide high quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture in the treatment of DOR and following outcomes of IVF-ET. This will also help patients with DOR and their physicians by offering a new treatment option.Trial registration:ChiCTR1900024626. Registered on 19 July 2019.
Intervention with inulin prior to and during sanative therapy to further support periodontal health: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zanatta Carly , Fritz Peter , Comelli Elena , Ward Wendy
Published: April 2021

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic state of inflammation that can destroy the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the resorption of alveolar bone. The initial strategy for treating periodontal disease is non-surgical sanative therapy (ST). Periodontal disease can also induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and contribute to low grade systemic inflammation. Prebiotic fibres such as inulin can selectively alter the intestinal microbiota and support homeostasis by improving gut barrier functions and preventing inflammation. Providing an inulin supplement prior to and post-ST may influence periodontal health while providing insight into the complex relationship between periodontal disease and the gut microbiota. The primary objective is to determine if inulin is more effective than the placebo at improving clinical periodontal outcomes including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Secondary objectives include determining the effects of inulin supplementation pre and post-ST on salivary markers of inflammation and periodontal-associated pathogens, as these outcomes reflect more rapid changes that can occur.Methods: We will employ a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design and recruit and randomize 170 participants who are receiving ST to manage periodontal disease to the intervention (inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) group. A pilot study will be embedded within the randomized controlled trial using the first 48 participants to test feasibility for the larger, powered trial. The intervention period will begin 4 weeks before ST through to their follow-up appointment at 10 weeks post-ST. Clinical outcomes of periodontal disease including number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and the absence of BOP will be measured at baseline and post-ST. Salivary markers of inflammation, periodontal-associated pathogens, body mass index and diet will be measured at baseline, pre-ST (after 4 weeks of intervention) and post-ST (after 14 weeks of intervention). Discussion: We expect that inulin to enhance the positive effect of ST on the management of periodontal disease. The results of the study will provide guidance regarding the use of prebiotics prior to and as a supportive adjunct to ST for periodontal health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04670133. Registered on 17 December 2020 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04670133
Should acupuncture therapy be used for acute facial paralysis? A protocol of systematic review
Authors: Cheng Lu , Li Xiao-lin , Ying Yi , Du Shi-hao , Zhang Xu-dong , Guo Wei , Mi Shu-qi , Zhao Ji-ping
Published: April 2021

Introduction Peripheral Facial paralysis (PFP) results in functional and social dysfunction, when it is under a severe condition at onset, long-term poor outcomes do occur. Different acupuncture method has been reported to be potentially effective for shortening the disease course and reduce the occurrence of sequelae when applying at an early stage. Neuroedema is a common pathological feature in the acute phase, many clinical studies have suggested its effect of reducing facial nerve edema. It is of value to estimate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment at the onset, and it is worthwhile to assess the most suitable acupuncture method for the acute period. Methods and analysis We will include all the RCTs and quasi-RCTs on acupuncture therapy for PFP at its acute stage. Literature searching will be conducted until September 15th, 2020 from eight databases systematically. Two reviewers will screen the literature and extract the data independently. RevMan software and the Cochrane tool of Risk of Bias will be used to assess the methodological quality of RCTs. Forest plots and summary findings will be generated. If data permits, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination Since this study will not involve clinical treatment of patients, ethics approval is not required. The result of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and as a proposal for clinical practice and further study on acupuncture treatment at the early stage of PFP. Discussion This review will summarize the evidence on the different type of acupuncture therapy for acute bell’s palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. We anticipate that it would be safe and effective when applying to the acute phase of PFP, and some specific suitable acupuncture methods would be found resulting from this review.Trial registration number International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42020205127
Consequences of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children and Their Pets: Dangerous Increase of Dog Bites Among the Paediatric Population
Authors: Parente Giovanni , Gargano Tommaso , Maffi Michela , Libri Michele , Lima Mario
Published: April 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has not only put our national health systems to the test, but it also notably hit the economy, the society and the psychology of the people. Our pets have been subjected to the pandemic related stress too.The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the stress induced on domestic dogs resulted in an increase of dog bites in the paediatric population.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all patients admitted to our paediatric emergency department for dog bite from January 2014 and December 2020.We compared the total mean dog bites of the years 2014-2019 and the mean number per single month with the respective 2020 data. The bites were divided between ones from family dogs and ones from stranger dogs. Categorical variables were studied with Chi squared test considering statistically significant a p value < .05.Results: From January 2014 to December 2019, we recorded a mean of 41 ± 7 dog bites (range: 35-55) of whom a mean 10 ± 4 (range: 4-15) were due to family dogs (24%) and a mean of 31 ± 2 (range: 28-35) due to stranger dogs (76%); the male:female ratio was 3:2, the 43% of the injuries concerned the head and face, 26% the lower limbs, 25% the upper limbs, 3% the genitalia and 3% the torso.From January 2020 to December 2020 22 children were admitted for dog bites: 14 were from family dogs (64%) and 8 from stranger dogs (36%); the male:female ratio was 14:11, the 72% of the injuries concerned the head and face, 16% the upper limbs, 8% the lower limbs and 4% the torso.The frequency distribution of family and stranger dogs’ bites in 2014-2019 and 2020 was statistically significant (p: .002).Between 2014 and 2019, a mean of 9 ± 2 (range: 6-12) of the wounds needed to be sutured (22%) while 32 ± 3 (range: 28-35) wounds were discharged after application of Steri Strips (78%).On the other hand, in 2020, 13 wounds needed to be sutured (59%) and 9 received Steri Strips application (41%).The frequency distribution of the treatments required (stitches vs Steri Strips) between 2014-2019 and 2020 was statistically significant (p: .003).Conclusion: The number of family dog bites in children increased in 2020 especially during the lockdown period. Paediatrician should pay a lot of efforts nowadays more than ever to educate parents on always supervising their kids when playing with dogs.
Infrastructure Investments, Regional Trade Agreements and Agricultural Market Integration in Mozambique
Authors: Popat Meizal , Griffith Garry , Mounter Stuart , Cacho Oscar
Published: April 2021

Integration of agricultural markets has been a topic of great interest in Mozambique. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess both domestic and regional integration of maize markets in the country, though with some contradictory results. In this study domestic and regional market integration in Mozambique is assessed, focusing on maize markets as the main crop in the country. In contrast to previous work, this study takes into account new investments in infrastructure as well as changes in regional trade policies, using vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction (VEC) models. The main findings suggest that maize markets in Mozambique are not efficiently integrated. This is particularly true between the deficit markets in the South and the surplus markets in the Centre and North of the country. At the regional level, market integration is also inefficient in many cases. Nonetheless, investments in infrastructure, such as the Zambezi River Bridge, linking the north to the rest of the country, as well as changes in trade policies over the years are shown to be significantly impacting to maize price changes, particularly in the north. The overall results suggest there is room for improvements in the maize value chain performance, particularly there is scope for farmers to engage more in trade and for reducing food loss. Action may include investments on training programs and incentives to shift farmers from the current subsistence farming to a more commercial farming system approach.
CircRNA circ-ATAD1 suppresses the maturation of miR-168 to participate in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cao Li , Chen Peng , Zhao Shang , Dong Guanglong
Published: April 2021

Background: CircRNA circ-ATAD1 has been characterized as an oncogenic circRNA in gastric cancer, while its role in colorectal cancer is This study was carried out to explore the role of circ-ATAD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: Paired CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples collected from 64 CRC patients were subjected to RNA extractions and RT-qPCRs to analyze the expression of circ-ATAD1, premature miR-168 and mature miR-168 in The effects of circ-ATAD1 overexpression on the maturation of miR-168 was analyzed by transfecting circ-ATAD1 expression vector into CRC cells, followed by determining the expression of premature miR-168 and mature miR-168 through RT-qPCR. The role of circ-ATAD1, premature miR-168 and mature miR-168 in regulating the proliferation of CRC cells was explored by CCK-8Results: In this study we found that circ-ATAD1 was upregulated in CRC and predicted poor survival. In addition, circ-ATAD1 was inversely correlated with mature miR-168, but not premature miR-168. In CRC cells, circ-ATAD1 overexpression decreased the expression of mature miR-168, but not premature miR-168. Moreover, circ-ATAD1 overexpression reduced the inhibitory effects of miR-168 overexpression on cell proliferation.Conclusions: Therefore, circ-ATAD1 is overexpressed in CRC and it may suppress the maturation of miR-168 to participate in CRC.
A Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality Issue Mitigationer Using Neuro Fuzzy Controller
Authors: MANIVASAGAM R.
Published: April 2021

This manuscript grants a control system for Power Quality (PQ) issues of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) based hysteresis controller and augmentation the PQ with the help of numerous optimization methods. In numerous attractive features of UPQC, like voltage sags, voltage swells negative series current and harmonics. Foremost aim of PQ issues is the recompense of the D-FACT devices that origins an undesired effect on bearing. Optimal values for converter of UPQC its presentation can be meaningfully enhanced PQ. This paper discoursed about the UPQC physical process asserts the required meliorate the PQ at DC link integrated. The adaptive control technique for hysteresis developed by the modifying PQ with the use of the UPQC method is also briefly excused. The measurement of voltage sag and swell will be improved and sinusoidal after inoculating current and voltage to the UPQC source current and source voltage. The evaluation results inevitably show the effectiveness of the voltage sag and the voltage swell in the UPQC system based on the Neuro Fuzzy Control (NFC) controller is improved.
Plasmodia in bone marrow examinations: Case series from a hospital in Pakistan 2007-2015
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Shariq , Ali Basim , Janjua Mahin , Akbar Ayesha , Haider Syed Arish , Moiz Bushra , Raheem Ahmed , Baird John Kevin , Beg Mohammad A
Published: April 2021

Background Malaria is a life-threatening, multisystem disease caused by the protozoan plasmodia with a global incidence of approximately 212 million annually. The parasite is known to have unique and crucial interactions with various body tissues during its life cycle, notably the liver, spleen, and recent work has shown the bone marrow as reservoir of infection.Methods This study is a case series of patients in whom examination of bone marrow revealed malaria parasites. We conducted a retrospective record review of 35 malaria-positive bone marrow specimens examined at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan, over the years 2007 to 2015. Bone marrow aspirates were collected as per International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) guidelines.Results The median age of patients was 22 years (range 1–75), and 60% (n = 21) were male. 22 patients had evidence of P. falciparum, 12 had evidence of P. vivax and 1 patient had a mixed infection. Gametocytes and trophozoites were the most common stages identified on both peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations. Indications for bone marrow examination included fever of unknown origin and the workup of cytopenias and malignancies.Conclusions The incidental finding of plasmodia in samples of bone marrow from our patients suggests the reticuloendothelial system may be regularly infected by these parasites, be it acute or chronic in character.
Rice Husk Use In Oil Spills Demonstrated With Cod And Phytotoxicity Tests
Authors: Goulart Maria Leticia Alves , Faria Rômulo Henrique Batista de , Loebens Larissa , Hoss Louise , Quadro Maurízio Silveira
Published: April 2021

Motivated to develop faster and faster contemporary society has been using more and more fossil and energy resources that can, unfortunately, cause environmental accidents. Petroleum is responsible for providing different products derived as lubricating oil widely used in different production chains and object of study of the work in question. Many environmental problems faced by the Oil and Gas Industry are associated with leaks, accidents and irregular discharges. Thus an alternative for cleaning and adsorption of oil spilled in the sea is presented the validity in this article: the rice husk, being the main objective of this article to prove its effectiveness with lubricant oil adsorbent. It was used as a low cost alternative adsorbent. Performing physical order treatments such as heating and using acid and base that could increase their efficiency. Some COD and Fitoxicity tests of the generated effluent were performed and analyzed during the work, generating excellent results related to the adsorption of lubricating oils, showing a total adsorption of 6.15 g / g when treated in basic medium and 4.7 g / g in acid medium.
Prompt extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with left ventricular unloading by IMPELLA improves the outcome of patients with refractory cardiac arrest: A single-site retrospective cohort study
Authors: Unoki Takashi , Tamura Yudai , Hirai Motoko , Suzuyama Hiroto , Inoue Masayuki , Yamamuro Megumi , Taguchi Eiji , Sawamura Tadashi , Nakao Koichi , Sakamoto Tomohiro
Published: April 2021

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) using venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a novel lifesaving method for refractory cardiac arrest (CA). However, VA-ECMO increases damaged left ventricular (LV) afterload. The percutaneous microaxial pump Impella can reduce LV preload with simultaneous circulatory support, which may have a significant effect on clinical outcome by concomitant use of VA-ECMO and IMPELLA (ECPELLA). In the current retrospective cohort study, we assessed factors affecting the outcome of CA patients who underwent E-CPR.Method: We retrospectively reviewed 149 consecutive CA patients with E-CPR from January 2012 through December 2020 in our institute. Patients were divided into three groups: ECEPLLA (n=29), IABP + VA-ECMO (n=78), and single VA-ECMO (n=42). We assessed 30-day survival and neurological outcome using cerebral performance categories (CPCs).Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, out-of-hospital CA, or acute coronary syndrome among the groups. ECPELLA showed the highest cumulative 30-day survival (ECPELLA: 55%, IABP + VA-ECMO: 23%, VA-ECMO: 9.5; p=0.001) and the rates of CPC score 1 or 2 (ECPELLA: 31%, IABP + VA-ECMO: 13%, VA-ECMO: 7%; p=0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.52, P=0.005) and time from CA to ECMO support (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.13-1.31, P<0.0001) and ECPELLA (HR, 0.46, 95% CI, 0.24-0.88, P=0.02) were significantly associated with the clinical outcome.Conclusion: Earlier initiation of E-CPR is critical to improve patient survival and neurological outcome. Additional Impella support, ECPELLA, appears to significantly improve the clinical outcome.
Long Noncoding RNA ARHGAP5-AS1 Inhibits Migration of Breast Cancer Cell via Stabilizes SMAD7 Protein
Authors: Wang Chen-Long , Li Jing-Chi , Zhou Ci-Xiang , Ma Cheng-Ning , Wang Di-Fei , Wo Lu-Lu , He Ming , Yin Qianqian , He Jian-Rong , Zhao Qian
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death from breast cancer patients and cell migration plays a critical role in metastasis. Recent studies have shown long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In the present study, the role of a LncRNA, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 5- Antisense 1 (ARHGAP5-AS1) in breast cancer was investigated. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed to find out dysregulated LncRNAs in MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Transwell migration assays and F-actin staining were utilized to estimate cell migration ability. RNA pulldown assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to prove the interaction between ARHGAP5-AS1 and SMAD7. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to examine the protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the activation of TGF-β signaling. Results: Compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, the expression of LncRNA ARHGAP5-AS1 (NR_027263) was significantly suppressed in its highly metastatic subtype MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Functional study showed ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit cell migration via suppression of stress fibers in breast cancer cell lines. Afterwards, SMAD7 was further identified to interact with ARHGAP5-AS1 by its PY motif and thus its ubiquitination and degradation was blocked due to reduced interaction with E3 ligase SMURF1 and SMURF2. Moreover, ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit TGF-β signaling pathway due to its inhibitory role on SMAD7. Conclusion: Overall, these findings demonstrate that ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration and could serve as a novel biomarker for breast cancer metastasis and a potent target for the treatment in the future.
THE OBSERVER OBSERVED
Authors: J.G. Kaptein Nico
Published: April 2021

In his seminal Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia from 1968, the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1926-2006) placed the comparative study of Muslim societies on the research agenda. In view of my knowledge on the history of Islam in Indonesia, it stroke me that the political dimension of religion did not take an important place in the book. This is the more remarkable because during Geertz’s fieldwork in Java in 1953-4 manifestations of political Islam regularly popped up, and Geertz did not only notice those, but also recorded them in his book The Religion of Java from 1960. In this paper I will go into the question of why Geertz did not give a more prominent place to political Islam in his analysis of Muslim cultures, and what concepts of both Islam and religion he used.
PLANEJAMENTO DE MISTURAS E VISUALIZAÇÃO DA REGIÃO ÓTIMA COM PLANILHAS NO EXCEL: UM TUTORIAL
Authors: Hilário Felipe , Castro Jeyne , Barros Tomas , Pereira-Filho Edenir
Published: April 2021

MIXTURE DESIGN AND OPTIMUM REGION VISUALIZATION WITH SPREADSHEETS AT EXCEL: A TUTORIAL. This tutorial shows how to perform the data treatment for mixture design with two and multiple responses. Two data sets from the literature were used to exemplify the calculations. A template in Excel was proposed to prepare contour plot and response surface to visualize the optimum region of the mixture, which usually is made with commercial computational programs. The desirability function was used in example 2 (optimization of 5 responses simultaneously), and a code also available for download was proposed. Besides, 21 videos were prepared to show all the details for the readers and, it is available on YouTube. With this tutorial, it is possible to learn in a practical fashion how to handle the data from mixture design and, the authors hope to contribute with the researchers in this area
GURUPI ISOTHERMS PLOT (GIP): UMA FERRAMENTA COM INTERFACE GRÁFICA INTUITIVA E GRATUITA COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O CÁLCULO DE PARÂMETROS DE ISOTERMA DE ADSORÇÃO
Authors: Castro Douglas A , Milhomem Mateus , Pereira Douglas , Leal Paulo
Published: April 2021

GURUPI ISOTHERMS PLOT (GIP): A TOOL WITH INTUITIVE AND FREE GRAPHIC INTERFACE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CALCULATION OF ADSORPTION ISOTHERMA PARAMETERS. Gurupi Isotherms Plot (GIP) is a new software and has been developed to facilitate the study of absorptive processes. The adsorption isotherm parameters are determined by the GIP in a non-linearized way, and the current version is implemented to determine the parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich, coefficient of determination (R2 ) and average relative error (ARE). In order to facilitate the access and use of the program, a friendly graphical interface has been developed with a response time in seconds. It should also be noted that is a free software. The program was tested with different sets of absorptive data and showed an excellent correlation with the literature data proving its performance.
A Comparison of the Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Triclosan: Identification of Transformation Products and Ecotoxicity Evaluation
Authors: Kosera Vitor , Lumbaque Elisabeth , Dallegrave Alexsandro , Gomes Monike , de Paula Vinícius , de Freitas Adriane , Sirtori Carla , Chaves Eduardo , Tiburtius Elaine
Published: April 2021

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in various industrial products and is often detected in wastewater effluent. Comparison was made for triclosan degradation by photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis (under UV irradiation (125 W)) based on analysis of transformation products, together with ecotoxicity evaluation. The morphology of the TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). Triclosan quantitation was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal condition was obtained using a response surface model and desirability profile. The initial concentration of triclosan used in all the experiments was 10 mg L-1 to achieve comprehensive identification of transformation products. The optimal experimental condition was 30 mg L-1 TiO2 at pH 10. The photocatalytic system achieved > 99% triclosan degradation at 30 min of reaction. The mineralization rates by photolysis and photocatalysis were 25 and 90%, respectively. A total of 27 transformation products were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS), being that 25 were new structures, not previously reported in the literature. Ecotoxicity assays demonstrated that triclosan and some of the major transformation products did not cause deleterious effects towards Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna after 16 h of treatment.
Farklı İmalat Yöntemleri İle Elde Edilen Mikrokanalların Metrolojik Karakterizasyonu
Authors: ATEŞ İbrahim , MANAY Eyüphan , ŞAHİN Bayram
Published: April 2021

Mikro imalat teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler yüksek hassasiyetli, düşük maliyetli ve yüksek performansa sahip mikro sistemlerin imalatın olanaklı hale getirmiştir. Mikrokanallar, mikro sistemlerin temel bileşenlerinden biri olarak mikroelektromekanik, kimyasal ve biyolojik cihazlar gibi mikro ve nano akışkan uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Mikrokanalların malzemesine, boyutsal imalat hassasiyetine, yüzey yapısına, istenen mekanik ve termal özelliklerine bağlı olarak çeşitli mikro imalat yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Genel olarak, bu imalat yöntemlerinin hassas mekanik imalat, silikon temelli imalat ve polimer işleme teknolojilerine dayandığı söylenebilir. Ancak, mikro ölçekli imalatlarda istenen hassasiyet ve kaliteye ulaşabilmek için bu imalat tekniklerinde birtakım değişiklikler yapmak gerekir. Çoğu imalat yönteminde aynı prosesi kullanarak hem makro hem de mikro ölçekte istenen özelliklerde ürün elde etmek mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada, farklı ısı transferi ve akış prosesinde kullanılmak üzere farklı imalat metotları ile elde edilen mikrokanallı ısı alıcıların boyut ve yüzey karakteristikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Mikrokanallı ısı alıcılar, litografi, hassas mekanik işleme, lazer tabanlı imalat yöntemleri, elektroerozyonla işleme yöntemleri kullanılarak üretilmişlerdir. Elde edilen mikrokanalların metrolojik işlemleri optik mikroskop ve optik profilometre ile yapılmıştır. İmalat yöntemleri, her bir mikrokanal için aynı imalat toleransının yakalanabilmesi, mikrokanalların dikdörtgen kesitli profile sahip olması, mikrokanal tabanında radyüs oluşumu, yüzey pürüzlülük değerinin kontrol edilebilmesi ve yüzeyin homojen bir pürüzlülük dağılımına sahip olması açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kriterleri en iyi sağlayan yöntemin dalma elektroerozyonla üretilen mikrokanallı ısı alıcılar olduğu görülmüştür.
Tam Sulama ve Su Stresi Koşullarında Sorgum x Sudan Otu Melezi Çeşitlerinin Gelişme Dönemleri İçin Gerekli Büyüme Gün Derece Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÖNÜLAL Erdal , SOYLU Süleyman
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma sorgum x sudan otu melezi (Sorghum bicolor L. x Sorghum sudanense) çeşitlerinin su stresi ve tam sulama şartlarında çiçeklenme gün sayısı, birinci ve ikinci biçim zamanı için ihtiyaç olan gün ve Growing degree days (GDD) değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Konya ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü yürütülen çalışmada ana parselleri sulama konuları (S1: Tarla kapasitesine getirilecek şekilde sulama; S2: S1’in % 50 si kadar sulama), alt parselleri ise sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşitleri (Hayday, Tonka, Aneto, Greengo, Sugargraze II, Master BMR ve Forage King) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada çiçeklenme zamanı için GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında tam sulanan koşullarda (S1) sırasıyla 924 oC ve 988 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Su stresi koşullarında (S2) ise GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1115.8 oC ve 1078.2 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Birinci biçim için GDD değerleri tam sulanan koşullarda (S1) 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1116.4 oC ve 1177.3 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Su stresi (S2) koşullarında ise GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1265 oC ve 1255.5 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Her iki yılda da çiçeklenme döneminde en düşük GDD değerleri Forage King çeşidinden (806.3-869.9 oC) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek GDD değerleri ise 2017 yılında Tonka çeşidinden (1110.7 oC) ve 2018 yılında Tonka, Greengo çeşitlerinden (1113.3 oC) elde edilmiştir.
The Effects of Germinated Seeds on Nutritional and Technological Properties of Bread
Authors: TOK Hatice , ERTAŞ Nilgün
Published: April 2021

In this study, wheat, rye and green lentil seeds were germinated at different germination period (1, 3 and 5 days), dried and ground into flour. Germinated seed flours were substituted for wheat flour at different ratios (0, 5, 10 and 15%) in bread making; it was carried out in order to increase nutritional and functional properties of bread. As the germination period increased, L* values of germinated seed flour decreased, a*, b* and chroma values increased. The highest protein value was observed in germinated green lentils. Increase germination time resulted in increase in the ash content and minerals (calcium, magnesium and iron) and decrease in phytic acid. Increase in the level of supplementation of germinated flour in bread making, decrease in L* and hue angle values, increase in a*, b* and saturation index values were observed. Soft bread crumb were observed at the 3rd day hardness with using 15% germinated seed flour. The highest phytic acid value among the bread samples was observed with control bread samples. Using all germinated flours in formulation led to a higher total phenolic content than control sample. Among the bread samples, the highest calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values of bread samples were obtained with germinated rye flour addition. The highest iron and potassium values were observed with green lentil flour addition. The 5% substitution rate was defined as an acceptable value in terms of bread volume and specific volume values.
Relationships of Fruit Characteristics of Rosehips (Rosa canina L.) Grown in Bolu City Center
Authors: GÜLER Emrah , BAK Tuba , KARADENİZ Turan , MURADOĞLU Ferhad
Published: April 2021

Rosehip (Rosa spp.) is one of the most used non-wood forest products. It is an essential source of antioxidants and vitamin C besides having a wide range of uses in folk medicine and the marmalade industry. Therefore, for many years, researchers have made efforts to find the superior genotypes of this fruit. In previous studies, classical breeding methods were used in the evaluation of the data and more modernist approaches were given little attention. In this study, fruit characteristics and their relationships of rosehip genotypes growing in Bolu city center were determined by using more modernist analysis methods (Clustering, PCA) and correlation analysis. As a result of the study, while fruit weight was positively correlated with fruit size, it had a negative correlation with the fruit flesh ratio. In cluster analysis, genotypes were collected in two different groups, and PCA analysis supported this result. Results of the study proved that multivariate analysis has come to the fore as a highly effective method for evaluating genetic resources. Furthermore, the G-5 genotype stood out with its fruit weight and size.
Effects of Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Serum and Tissue Sialic Acid Levels in Experimental Fluorosis
Authors: OZDEK Ugur , DEĞER Yeter
Published: April 2021

In this study, the effect of chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on serum and tissue (liver, kidney, brain and testis) total sialic acid (TSA) level was investigated in rats with experimental fluorosis. The groups were formed as control, sodium fluoride (NaF), NaF+chitosan (NaF+CH), NaF+chitosan oligosaccharide (NaF+COS), chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). Drinking water of NaF groups was prepared at a concentration of 100 ppm sodium fluoride. Chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide were given to Experimental groups as 250 mg/kg dose by gastric gavage for ninety days. At the end of the study, TSA level was determined in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testicular tissues. Compared with the control group, it was found that TSA levels increased in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testis tissues in the group treated with sodium fluoride (p<0.05). According to the NaF group, there was a significant decrease in serum levels in the NaF+CH group and in the serum, liver and kidney tissues in the NaF+COS group. It was determined that there was no difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of brain tissue sialic acid level (p>0.05). In conclusion, it can be thought that fluorine intoxication causes an increase in TSA levels by causing cell damage in serum and tissues. In the study presented, CH and COS have been shown to reduce TSA levels. Also, in this study, COS was found to be more effective in reducing the TSA level.
The Use of Biostimulants in Sustainable Viticulture
Authors: YILMAZ Yağmur , GAZİOGLU ŞENSOY Ruhan İlknur
Published: April 2021

Viticulture has a very wide application area in the world, which is great importance economically and in terms of human diet. The grapevine is evaluated in many areas, both grapes and leaves contain valuable compounds such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fats, proteins etc.. It has become inevitable that sustainable production techniques, the use of new integrated techniques, and sufficient sensitivity to protect human and environmental health have to be applied for viticulture which is of great importance in terms of human diet. Sustainable viticulture includes human and environment friendly production systems. It is seen that biostimulants, in other words bioactivators, are used within the scope of scientific researches and in viticulture applications in sustainable viticulture in the world. Containing organic or inorganic compounds, microorganisms; biostimulants are applicable to leaves, soil or seeds; positively affect plant growth, yield, nutrition, and product quality. It has been determined by various studies that biostimulants increase the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and also regulates the soil structure. Biostimulants have been classified by some researchers as humic substances, amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds, seaweed and plant extracts, chitin and chitosan-like polymers, inorganic compounds, beneficial fungi and beneficial bacteria, waste, exudates and extracts of seeds, leaves and roots. Biostimulants have an important place within the scope of sustainable viticulture in areas such as protection of natural resources, especially soil and water, combating erosion and forest fires, ensuring biological diversity, and integrated pest management. The need to increase soil and plant productivity, to create ecological balance, and most importantly to protect the health of humans and other living things, is better seen each day. This need for a sustainable life and healthy continuity of future generations leads scientists and producers to friendly applications such as biostimulants.
Syntheses And Characterizations Of Poly(ε-Caprolactone-b-Ethylene Glycol Methyl Ether) Block Copolymers Via Ring-Opening Polymerization And "Click" Chemistry
Authors: MEYVACI Ergül , ÖZTÜRK Temel , SAVAŞ Bedrettin
Published: April 2021

Poly(ε-caprolactone-block-ethylene glycol methyl ether) [poly(RCL-b-mEG)] block copolymers were synthesized by "click" chemistry of polyethylene glycol methyl ether propargyl (mPEG-propargyl) and poly(ε-caprolactone) azido (RPCL-N3). Thus, mPEG-propargyl was acquired through the reaction of polyethylene glycol methyl ether with propargyl bromine. 2-[2-(2-Azidoethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol (N3ol) was synthesized by using 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol and sodium azide. Synthesis of RPCL-N3 was acquired using ROP of ε-caprolactone and N3ol. By using mPEG-propargyl and RPCL-N3, poly(RCL-b-mEG) block copolymers were obtained via "click" chemistry. The monofunctional homopolymers in the study were utilized for the syntheses of poly(RCL-b-mEG) block copolymers. The outputs were identified by scanning electron microscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and dynamic light scattering instruments. The spectroscopic and thermal analysis of the block copolymers monitor that the copolymers were built through combination of ROP and "click" chemistry.
Potansiyel Biyolojik Aktif Bazı Yeni Benzensülfonamid Yapısı Taşıyan Pirazol Türevlerinin Sentezleri
Authors: BAYRAK Çetin
Published: April 2021

Bu makalede, 4-metil-2,3-difenil-2,3-dihidro-1H-pirazol ve 4-(4-metil-5-fenil-2,5-dihidro-1H-pirazol-1-il)benzensulfonamid türevi bileşikler α,β-doymamış aldehit bileşiklerinin fenilhidrazin hidrat veya 4-sülfamoil fenil hidrazin hidrojen klorür ile tepkimelerinden elde edildi. Bu reaksiyonların takibinde bileşiklerin aromatlaştırma tepkimeleri 2,3-dikloro-5,6-disiyano-1,4-benzokinon (DDQ) ile yapıldı. Son olarak bileşik 4-(4-metil-5-(3,4,5-trimetoksifenil)-1H-pirazol-1-il)benzensulfonamidin SO2NH2 grubu Et3N varlığında propiyonik anhidrit ile SO2NHCOEt grubuna dönüştürüldü. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin yapıları 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve HRMS analiz yöntemleri ile karakterize edildi.