bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman analysis of epitaxial GaN layers grown on Si (111) by PA MBE
Authors: Lubyankina E A , Toporov V V , Mizerov A M , Timoshnev S N , Shubina K Yu , Bairamov B H , Bouravleuv A D
Published: December 2020

Epitaxial GaN layers were synthesised by PA MBE on Si (111) with and without using the high-temperature nitridation. We performed a complete investigation of their structural and optical properties. It was proven that the presence of GaN epitaxial layer less than a micrometer leads to the appearance of tensile stress in the structure. The stress was calculated and compared for the structure with nitridation and without it. The effect of nitridation on holes density was also observed by Raman spectroscopy and Hall measurements.
Resistive switching control in forming-free nanocrystalline zinc oxide films
Authors: Tominov R V , Avakyan A A , Avilov V I , Smirnov V A , Ageev O A
Published: December 2020

The influence of control parameters on the resistive switching effect in forming-free nanocrystalline zinc oxide films was studied. It was shown, resistive switching from HRS to LRS was observed at (+3.3±0.4) V, and from LRS to HRS at (-2.8±0.6) V. Changing the triangular sweep voltage signal phase by 90 degrees leads to a decrease R

HRS
from (52.7±5.2) kΩ to (38.3±20.2) kΩ, to an increase R

LRS
from (3.3±2.2) kΩ to (4.5±3.1) kΩ, and to a decrease R

HRS

/R

LRS
ratio from 17 to 9. Experimental results obtained showed, that an increase in amplitude of the sweep voltage U

A
from 2V to 6V and sweep time t

A
from 1s to 5s leads to a decrease in the R

HRS

/R

LRS
ratio from (25.1±2.4) to (9.3±0.6) and from (23.2±1.8) to (10.4±0.8), respectively. The results can be useful for the development of technological fundamentals of new-generation micro- and nanoelectronics elements manufacturing, including ReRAM elements for neuromorphic structures based on forming-free ZnO nanocrystalline films.
The use of optical chopper increases the efficiency of femtosecond laser-induced cell fusion
Authors: Osychenko A A , Zalessky A D , Tochilo U A , Martirosyan D U , Kostrov A N , Nadtochenko V A
Published: December 2020

Artificial cell fusion is a widely used approach in cell biology and biomedicine. Femtosecond laser-induced cell fusion is considered to be a precise and low-invasive tool for the cell fusion. However, the percentage of somatic cell fusion remains not very high, and the use of polyethylene glycol is often required. In our research we propose the use of rotating optical chopper to produce ultra-short trains of femtosecond pulses (up to 1 ms) for decreasing the laser impact. It helps to control the appearance and size of gas-vapor bubbles, avoiding cell destruction. We achieved the cell fusion efficiency of 45% without the use of polyethylene glycol, but only in freshly thawed cells. Continuously cultured cells completely failed to fuse.
The effect of graphite coating on the composition, structure and microhardness of the surface of structural chromiumnickel steel during laser pulse processing
Authors: Proskuryakov V , Rodionov I , Borodina S
Published: December 2020

In this work, the effect of laser pulsed radiation on the surface of 12Cr18Ni10T stainless steel with a layer of graphite coating previously applied to it was experimentally investigated. It was established that as a result of laser pulsed irradiation, a significant increase in the microhardness of the surface layer of the experimental samples occurs to H=9.56±0.1 GPa. The results of studying the elemental composition of the surface structure showed an increase in the concentration of diffused carbon in the surface layer of steel.
Liquid crystals electro-optical structure with conducting layers modified by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Toikka A S , Kamanina N V
Published: December 2020

Due to their unique properties and scalable technology, optical devices based on the liquid crystals are widely used in industry. In optoelectronics, an LC is used to design the optical limiters, switches, and spatial light modulators. Response time, electrical consumption and optical transmittance are the most important parameters of an electro-optical modulator. Temporal parameters substantially depend on the level of the applied supply voltage and on the number of layers used in the structure of the LC device. In this paper, it is proposed to compare the reflection losses level of samples with pure ITO and samples with ITO conducting coating modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Capacitance characterization of silicon nanowires formed by cryogenic dry etching
Authors: Baranov A I , Kudryashov D A , Dvoretckaia L N , Morozov I A , Uvarov A V , Vyacheslavova E A , Shugurov K Yu , Gudovskikh A S
Published: December 2020

Arrays of silicon nanowires were fabricated by dry etching in the ICP mode in a mixture of SF6/O2 gases at a temperature of-140 °C. Defects located near the wafer surface with E

a
=0.30 eV, σ=(1–10)×10−14 cm2 and E

a
=0.68–0.74 eV, σ=1×10−15 cm2 were detected by admittance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy. An increase in the dry etching time from 3.5 min (for the 1st sample) to 4.5 min (for the 2nd sample) leads to an rise of their concentration, but additional stage of wet etching in 4% KOH during 30 s leads to a vanish of the response from the first sample (N

T
˂1011 cm−3), while for the second sample the defect concentration becomes in two times lower.
Isotype barriers in the connecting part of multi-junction solar cells
Authors: Mintairov M A , Evstropov V V , Mintairov S A , Shvarts M Z , Kalyuzhnyy N A
Published: December 2020

The IV characteristics of previously found structure fragment with not optimized isotype hetero-barriers in the bottom connecting part of triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cell has been investigated. It has been shown that there are various ways to obtain the IV-curves of such fragment, including by creating structures containing only an isotype substrate and layers forming the barriers. It has been found that if hetero-barrier fragment contacts with the p-n junction layers, the shape of its reverse IV characteristic dramatically changes and depends on the incident light intensity.
The dependence of recombination in GaAs solar cells on the number of included GaInAs quantum objects
Authors: Mintairov M A , Evstropov V V , Mintairov S A , Nakhimovich M V , Shvarts M Z , Kalyuzhnyy N A
Published: December 2020

The experimental characteristics of GaAs p-i-n structures with InGaAs quantum objects (QOs) have been investigated. The study of electroluminescence spectra has shown that an increase of the number of QOs layers leads to relative increase in electroluminescence intensity from QOs and decrease it from the GaAs matrix. The observed increase in QOs recombination has resulted in a drop of open circuit voltage. It has been shown that recombination through deep levels in the QOs begins to dominate over recombination in the matrix at lower number of QOs layers than that through band-to-band recombination.
Experimental investigation of the far-field emission pattern of microdisk laser modes
Authors: Kadinskaya S A , Moiseev E I , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Zubov F I , Mintairov S A , Kalyuzhnyi N A , Kulagina M M , Fominykh N A , Maximov M V , Zhukov A E
Published: December 2020

We studied a far-field emission pattern for microlasers with InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dots in the active region. Angular-resolved electroluminescence spectra measurement revealed various far-field patterns depending on current and resonance mode.
Terahertz waves polarization rotation in photoexcited single-wall carbon nanotube thin film
Authors: Kvitsinskiy A , Demchenko P , Novoselov M , Anoshkin I , Bogdanov K , Baranov A , Khodzitsky M
Published: December 2020

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopic polarimetry (THz-TDSP) method was used to experimental study polarization properties of unaligned single-wall carbon nanotube thin films with di˙erent geometric parameters on transparent float glass substrates in a frequency range from 0.2 THz to 0.8 THz (corresponding to a wavelength range from ∼1.50 mm to ∼0.37 mm) at a controlled room temperature of 291–293 K, and a relative humidity of 40–45 %. Frequency dependences of azimuth and ellipticity angles of a polarization ellipse (PE) of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the samples, and PEs at the frequencies of 0.2 THz, 0.5 THz, and 0.8 THz were obtained for values of 0.2 Wcm
−
2, 0.6 Wcm
−
2, and 1.0 Wcm
−
2 of an external 980 nm near infrared optical pumping, with an external static magnetic field of ∼0.3 T. Polarization properties were calculated from temporal waveforms of signals transmitted through the samples at the parallel and the crossed by 45° positions to a transmission direction of the polarizers. A change of 15° in the azimuth angle, and of 10° in the ellipticity angle was achieved. The results show that by using carbon nanomaterials-based structures it is possible to devise efficient and affordable magneto-optically tunable polarization modulators that can be used in the advanced areas of terahertz nanoscience and nanotechnologies.
Thermal poling of glasses to fabricate masks for ion exchange
Authors: Babich E , Reduto I , Redkov A , Reshetov I , Zhurikhina V , Lipovskii A
Published: December 2020

It has been demonstrated that thermally poled regions of silicate glasses are capable of blocking penetration of silver ions into the glasses in the course of ion exchange processing. This allows using locally poled regions of the glass surface as thick dielectric masks in the formation of ion exchanged structures, like channel optical waveguides, in glass substrates. This approach provides easy multiplication of the structures and, being based on the thermal electric field imprinting of the masks, allows avoiding both lithography with the use of liquid chemicals and the influence of metal masks on the spatial distribution of the ions penetrating the glass in the ion exchange.
Investigation of energy transitions in MoS2 by photoreflectance spectroscopy method
Authors: Mihin A O , Firsov D D , Komkov O S
Published: December 2020

Photoreflectance spectroscopy was used to study the energy spectra of natural molybdenum disulfide samples at various temperatures. Measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer make it possible to observe a fine structure in the photoreflectance spectra which appears due to transitions involving excited excitonic states. The K-exciton binding energy obtained from our experiments is about 90 meV. In addition, an optical transition involving the excited state from the H-point of the Brillouin zone was observed, and the corresponding H-exciton binding energy was found to be 77 meV.
Development of focusing grating couplers for lithium niobate on insulator platform
Authors: Elmanov I , Sardi F , Xia K , Kornher T , Kovalyuk V , Prokhodtsov A , An P , Kuzin A , Elmanova A , Goltsman G , Kolesov R
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we fabricate and experimentally study focusing grating couplers for lithium niobate on an insulator photonic platform. The transmittance of a waveguide equipped with in- and out-couplers with respect to the grating period is measured with and without silicon dioxide cladding applied. Our results show the influence of silicon dioxide cladding on the efficiency and the central wavelength of grating couplers and can be used to improve grating coupling efficiency. Our study is supported by numerical simulations.
The research of temperature instability influence of optic communication line on the phase difference a deep-sea direction finder
Authors: Smirnova S M , Nikolaev D I , Davydov V V
Published: December 2020

The article of the methods for coordinates determination of the object coordinates are reviewed. The advantages of a passive method with the using of the direction finder are noted. The problems arising from the transmission of signals in the direction finder method are determined. The construction for the signal transmission of the fiber optic communication line is presented. It is established that the greatest influence on the error in determining the coordinates of the object by direction finder has a phase shift in the optical fiber during a change the temperature. The chart of the phase shift at the temperature for various cases of optical fiber placement are investigated. The obtained data of the experimental investigations are presented.
Comparison single- and double- spot detection efficiencies of SSPD based to MoSi and NbN films
Authors: Polyakova M I , Korneev A A , Semenov A V
Published: December 2020

In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width.
Bipolar resistive switching in memristors based on Ge/Si(001) epitaxial layers
Authors: Gorshkov O , Filatov D , Koveshnikov S , Shenina M , Soltanovich O , Shengurov V , Denisov S , Chalkov V , Antonov I , Pavlov D , Vorontsov V , Kruglov A , Yakimov E
Published: December 2020

The Ag/Ge/Si(001) stacks with threading dislocations in Ge layer demonstrating the I-V curves typical for the bipolar resistive switching were investigated. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and electron beam induced current measurement confirmed the resistive switching mechanism to be the formation of conductive filaments consisting of the Ag atoms across the entire Ge layer via the electric-field driven transport of Ag+ ions along the threading dislocations.
Research of a micromechanical accelerometer with three sensitivity axes
Authors: Lysenko I E , Ezhova O A , Tkachenko A V , Naumenko D V
Published: December 2020

Micromechanical linear acceleration sensors are widely used in modern inertial orientation and navigation systems of technical equipment used in industry. The paper presents the developed design of MEMS linear acceleration sensor with three sensitivity axes, modal and static analysis is performed, design parameters are found that ensure equality of natural frequencies along the sensitivity axes, and experimental samples are created and studied.
New processing algorithm in quantum frequency standard on Hg-199 ions
Authors: Lukashev N A , Davydov V V , Glinushkin A P
Published: December 2020

In the paper the new processing algorithm for low mass-dimensional microwave frequency standards is developed. The newly constructed design for the driver system is presented. The comparisons of experimental Allan deviation data for the previously designed prototype are performed.
Modeling of dispersive transport with inhomogeneous advection coefficient and memory kernel
Authors: Morozova E. V.
Published: December 2020

Dispersive transport in structures with spatially dependent memory kernel and advection coefficient V is considered. The variations in Φ and V can be related to a nonuniformly distributed electric field or to inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of localized states. The transient current of the time-of-flight technique is calculated after neglecting the diffusion term. An explicit representation is obtained for a linear decrease in V (x) over the sample thickness for normal and dispersive transport. The variation in Φ and V leads to additional smearing of non-equilibrium particle package. Dispersive transient current curves can be observed even for normal transport for certain inhomogeneities in the advection term.
Study of the relationship of induction heating parameters and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium
Authors: Shchelkunov A , Fomina M
Published: December 2020

In this work, the relationship between the parameters of voltage, inductor current, duration, temperature of induction heat treatment and the hardness of commercial purity titanium was studied. As a result, the temperature ranges at a fixed voltage and current of the inductor were established. At certain technological conditions, with various durations of heat treatment, the hardness of the titanium surface was determined.
Modification of glass durability in reactive ion etching with thermal poling and ion exchange
Authors: Raskhodchikov D V , Babich E S , Kaasik V. P. , Reshetov I V , Lipovskii A A
Published: December 2020

The influence of thermal poling and ion exchange on the rate of reactive ion etching of a soda-lime silicate glass in CF4-Ar plasma was studied. It is shown that the replacement of Na+ by Ag+ ions increases the durability of the glass etching while thermal poling of the glass increases the etching rate. The fastest etching was registered for the glasses poled using deposited metal film anodic electrode and using corona discharge in nitrogen atmosphere. Corona poling of the glass in atmospheric air instead of nitrogen essentially decreased the rate.
Analysis of a nanometer catalyst layer using various methods of spraying an active catalytic coating of an ion-exchange polymer membrane embedded in an electrolytic hydrogen cell
Authors: Gurin S A , Pecherskaya E A , Nesterov S A , Shelakhaev D A , Fimin A V
Published: December 2020

Today, the industrial production of hydrogen by traditional methods (high-temperature conversion of hydrocarbons, steam-water conversion of natural gas) against the background of a reduction in natural resources does not allow achieving the necessary purity of the produced gas and imposes serious economic and environmental restrictions. As a result, the solution of the task of developing technologies providing the improvement, high specific and operational characteristics of new methods for producing hydrogen is extremely urgent.
Study of spontaneous bioelectrical activity of two hierarchically connected neural networks in vitro
Authors: Pigareva Y , Grinchuk O , Gladkov A , Kolpakov V , Bukatin A , Kazantsev V , Mukhina I , Pimashkin A
Published: December 2020

Synchronization of neuronal subpopulations and spiking pattern propagation are essential features for bioelectrical activity of the brain. In this study, we proposed an engineering method to grow hierarchically connected networks in vitro through the microchannels and investigated the relations of local spiking propagation through the microchannels with integrated bursting events in the chambers.
Defect properties of multilayer GaP/Si nanoheterostructures grown by plasma deposition
Authors: Baranov A I , Morozov I A , Uvarov A V , Kudryashov D A , Gudovskikh A S
Published: December 2020

Periodic nanoheterostructures GaP/Si grown by PE-ALD with argon plasma treatment on GaP wafers were studied by capacitance methods. The response from silicon quantum well was clearly observed by capacitance-voltage characteristics as peak on profile of concentration of free charge carriers in sample GaP (50 cycles)/Si (22 s) with 7 wells. It is explained by higher doping of GaP layers due to higher total time of silane flow in growth process unlike samples with smaller numbers of silicon wells or lower time of silicon deposition. Further, response from defect level was observed with capture cross-section (1–10)×10−15 cm−2, and its energetic level decreases from 0.51 eV to 0.39 eV under conduction band with increasing of total time of silane flow.
Recycling of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaf Agro-waste as One of the Raw Materials for Production of Eco-friendly New Paper
Authors: Teo Pao Ter , Zakaria Siti Koriah , Azhar Taib Mustaffa Ali , Budiman Faisal , Mohamed Mazlan , Yusoff Abdul Hafidz , Ahmad Sobri Sharizal
Published: December 2020

This project aimed to recycle pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf agro-waste and wastepaper into new paper using simple processing routes that involve pulping, mixing, sieving, compaction and drying. Subsequently, physical and mechanical properties, as well as the morphology of the pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)-based paper were investigated accordingly. Two different samples were prepared whereby the first sample is pineapple leaf fiber mixed with wastepaper, and another sample is pure pineapple leaf fiber paper. The samples were tested for tensile properties by using the universal testing machine, morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, and density measurement using a densitometer. It was found that the sample consist of pineapple leaf and wastepaper shows a higher tensile strength than the sample containing only PALF. Moreover, the density of paper with pineapple leaf fiber and wastepaper mix was higher than the paper with only pineapple leaf fiber. In the future, further modification of body formulation is necessary to further improve the properties of the pineapple leaf fiber-based paper.
Box-Behnken-Design based optimization strategy for alkaline pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent for producing reducing sugar
Authors: Izzi AZ , Yusuf NNAN , Ishak WFW , Kim H
Published: December 2020

Alkaline pretreatment is used as a substrate prior to subsequent biological processes for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. In the present study, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to recover reducing sugar from POME. Important process parameters, such as reaction time (min), reaction temperature (°C), and concentration (%) (w/v), were optimized using Box-Behnken Design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM). POME treated with NaOH yielded the reducing sugar of up to 3640.84 mg/L under the optimum conditions of 58.78 min, 77.06°C, and 2.58% (w/v) for reaction time, reaction temperature, and concentration of NaOH, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic model for reducing sugar production had an R2 coefficient of 0.979. Conformity testing for optimum conditions proved the validity of the model, yielding reducing sugar at a 9.35% increase, relative to untreated POME. This study verified the importance of statistical tools such as RSM for enhanced reducing sugar production from the industrial waste stream (POME) and its usefulness and efficiency in energy conversion.
Comparative Efficacy of Estrus Synchronisation between Modified Herbs and Control Internal Drug Release (CIDR) in Goats
Authors: Nur Nazhiifah Amiirah M.S. , Khairatun Nisaa’ A.B. , Raja Ili Airina R.K.
Published: December 2020

Estrus synchronisation promises proper breeding management where manipulation of the estrus cycle in animals was achieved at the same time. Control Internal Drug Release (CIDR) is a common practice and commercially used to obtain estrus in the female goats. Conversely, this method is expensive with several limitations. Alternatively, specific herbs were proved to have beneficial effects and therapeutic properties towards animals. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyse the efficacy of estrus synchronisation using herbs and CIDR in goats. The female goats were divided randomly into two groups, (A) CIDR (n=4) and (B) herbs (n=4). The female goats were inserted with CIDR application devices, feeding with herbs and allow to response to estrus naturally for group (A) and (B) respectively. The estrus signs were observed four times daily (0900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 hours, respectively) after CIDR withdrawal (n=14 days) and feeding herbs (n=3 days) respectively. The results indicated that estrus detection was higher in herbs compared to CIDR (80.56% vs 77.78%, respectively) while conception and pregnancy rate was 100%, for both groups. Pregnancy was confirmed with ultrasound scanning at the second trimester of gestation. The onset of estrus was earlier in the females treated with CIDR than those in herbs (22.15h vs 24.4h, respectively). The maximum estrus duration in this study was recorded at 57.5h and 56h for CIDR and herbs, respectively. The estrus response for CIDR and herbs were higher in the morning 100%, for both compared to evening (66.67% vs 83.3%, respectively). In conclusion, the current study suggests that the utilization of herbs for estrus synchronisation is possible because both treatments gave similar result.
Plant Cell and Callus Cultures as an Alternative Source of Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Potential against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Ferid A , Mohammed Arifullah , Khalivulla Shaik Ibrahim , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar
Published: December 2020

Plant cell and callus cultures are important tools for the mass production of bioactive compounds (secondary metabolites) from plants cell or tissue under a controlled environment. From past few decades the bioactive compounds assumed to play a key role in the development of novel drugs against several viral diseases, causing serious threat and even death to thousands of human lives. The recent, pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak upraised the importance of developing an effective therapeutic drug or vaccine as quick as possible to treat or prevent further spread. The research studies are in progress to find coronavirus therapeutics among existing antiviral drugs. Of these drugs, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have emerged as frontrunners and shown early promising results in treating COVID-19 in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, these drugs have adverse side-effects and they became ineffectual due to eventual drug-resistance. Research is continuing by several means in search of potential therapeutics with minimal side-effects. The natural bioactive compounds from a plant sources generally have minimal toxicity can exert inhibitory capacity against coronavirus is of great interest. Up to now, various phytochemical compounds, namely arctiin, scutellarin, forsythoside, kaempferol, secoxyloganin, nicotianamine, saikosaponin, reported to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The mechanism of action appears to be inhibiting virus replication and blocking viral infection. Due to time taking cultivation, expensive extraction and isolation of bioactive constituents, it is essential to develop alternative techniques for the mass production of bioactive compounds in a less timeframe using in vitro methods of plant cell and callus culture methods. In the present work, we highlighted the importance of modern biotechnological approaches including cell or tissue or callus culture methods and plant-based antiviral compounds currently being tested to treat novel coronavirus.
Research on Piezoelectric Energy harvesting from Multi-Direction Wind-Induced Vibrations
Authors: Chen Yuansheng , Gu Cong , Zhao Pengcheng , Chen Wei
Published: December 2020

Micro electric devices have been widely applied in outdoor field work, but the battery power limits its performance. Piezoelectric energy harvesting from wind-induced vibration is an attractive power solution for the micro electric devices in field work. Its output characteristics of proposed system is analysed under different wind speed and direction. Experimental results show that the proposed system can harvest more energy if the incoming flow is parallel to the piezoelectric plate. Its output voltage increases from 2.5V to 10.3V when the wind speed ranges from 9m/s to 21m/s. The output voltage can achieve 8.5V, if the flow direction is vertical to the piezoelectric plate. But the proposed harvesting system outputs very small voltage in case the flow direction from the top. These results show that the piezoelectric energy harvesting system can collect the wind energy from multi-direction, and have potential application to power the micro electric devices.
Reconstruction of High-order Harmonic Signal in AT Power Supply System
Authors: Wei Zhende , Lv Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2020

In the process of power transmission, power quality disturbance is caused by the phenomenon of “excitation inrush current” and “leakage resistance” of the core equipment AT in the power supply system. Harmonic signals contain higher harmonics. In this paper, the power supply system under AT mode is modeled, and a damping trapezoidal algorithm is proposed to suppress the numerical oscillations caused by the coupling between AT windings. A new orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for multi-spectral interpolation correction is proposed. (OMP-MIC), reconstructing the occurrence of higher harmonic signals, improving reconstruction efficiency and accurately recovering the original signal; finally, verifying the validity of the model and the superiority of the reconstruction algorithm through simulation.
Analysis of Abnormal Ground Current in 110kV Cable Line
Authors: Xiaopo Mao , Yi Kan , Yaodong Zhang , Zeqi Huang , Xiang Ren , Xueming Zhou , Zhiqiang Feng
Published: December 2020

In recent years, with the development of economy and the rapid growth of electricity consumption, the number and length of medium and high voltage cable lines have increased rapidly. As an important part of the power transmission and distribution network, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of cable lines and reduce unplanned power outages. Based on the field test and analysis of the abnormal ground current of the 110kV Luoyong line, it is found that the cross interconnection system has many defects such as phase sequence error and identification plate indication error. It is recommended that the cable cross interconnection system carry out a segmented insulation resistance test to exclude cables. Hidden dangers such as damage to the protective layer and damage to the protective layer.
Analysis on Differential Protection Sensitivity of Traction Transformers Based on Different Conversion Modes
Authors: Xiaobao Liu , Yuping Zheng , feng Long , Tonghua Wu , Shuyan Pan , Lin An
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of high-speed rail technology in China, the traction transformers of various types have been used more and more extensively. The differential protection of traction transformers has different differential conversion modes [1-2] which are different in their sensitivities. In this paper, taking the YNV traction transformer as an example, by comparing the sensitivities of two different common differential conversion modes and through analysis, it shows that the sensitivities of differential protection are slightly different. The sensitivities of differential protections based on different principles depend on the retention degree of differential current to the positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence components in the internal fault current. The sensitivity of phase current minus zero sequence differential is the highest when single-phase grounded, which completely retains all the sequence components in the internal fault current. The sensitivity of interphase differential protection is the highest when interphase fault occurs. The widely used phase current differential and phase current minus zero sequence differential do not reflect the zero-sequence component of internal fault current, which provides the basis for field fault analysis and setting.
Research on energy storage participating in frequency modulation based on fuzzy partition coordinated control
Authors: Li Ping , Sun Feng , Liu Siqi , Wang Wende , Zhang Xiaotong , Ye Peng
Published: December 2020

Energy storage has the advantages of fast response and accurate power tracking when participates in frequency modulation. By dividing the Area Control Error (ACE) and battery’s State of Charge (SOC) into different regions, combining them with four different emergency frequency modulation states, this paper proposes a partition coordinated control strategy for energy storage to participate in frequency modulation. According to the regional interconnected system, the model of energy storage participating in power grid frequency modulation is built in MATLAB/Simulink. Based on the conventional control and the partition coordinated control, the frequency waveform analyzed. The results show that the energy storage participating in frequency modulation can effectively shorten the regulation time and reduce the frequency fluctuation. The fuzzy control used to optimize the partition coordinated control strategy to make the whole link have better frequency modulation ability.
A driving power with filter compensator for micro-positioning improvement of piezoelectric bimorph actuators
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Yuansheng , Gu Cong , Zhao Pengcheng
Published: December 2020

To improve the micro-positioning accuracy of piezoelectric bimorph actuators, a driving power was designed with filter compensator. Amplifier modular was designed with high-voltage operational amplifier, and filter compensator modular is responsible for charge signal. Simulation results show that the output of filter compensator modular is proportional to the electric charge on the actuator. Experimental results indicate that the maximum error is 10μm without filter compensator modular, and reduced to 5μm with proposed driving power.
Lifetime Alcohol Use Influences the Association Between Future-Oriented Thought and White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents
Authors: Jones Scott A , Kazakova Natalia , Nagel Bonnie J
Published: December 2020

Aims

Future orientation, or the ability to plan ahead and anticipate consequences, is a capacity that develops during adolescence, yet its underlying neurobiology is unknown. Previous independent reports suggest that reduced future orientation and altered white matter microstructure are associated with greater alcohol use in adolescents; however, these effects have not been studied in conjunction. This study investigated the association between future orientation and white matter microstructure as a function of lifetime alcohol use.

Methods

Seventy-seven adolescents (46 female; 15-21 years of age) underwent diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and completed a fifteen-item Future Orientation Questionnaire. Regression analyses assessed the association between self-reported lifetime alcohol use and future orientation, and the association between future orientation and white matter microstructure, as a function of lifetime alcohol use.

Results

Adolescents with more lifetime alcohol use demonstrated lower future orientation. Voxel-wise DWI analyses revealed two regions, bilateral posterior corona radiata (PCR), where greater future orientation was associated with lower mean diffusivity in those with little or no history of alcohol use; however, this association was diminished with increasing rates of lifetime alcohol use.

Conclusions

These findings replicate reports of reduced future orientation as a function of greater lifetime alcohol use and demonstrate an association between future orientation and white matter microstructure, in the PCR, a region containing afferent and efferent fibers connecting the cortex to the brain stem, which depends upon lifetime alcohol use. These findings provide novel information regarding the underlying neurobiology of future-oriented thought and how it relates to alcohol use.
Machine-OlF-Action: a unified framework for developing and interpreting machine-learning models for chemosensory research
Authors: Gupta Anku , Choudhary Mohit , Mohanty Sanjay Kumar , Mittal Aayushi , Gupta Krishan , Arya Aditya , Kumar Suvendu , Katyayan Nikhil , Dixit Nilesh Kumar , Kalra Siddhant , Goel Manshi , Sahni Megha , Singhal Vrinda , Mishra Tripti , Sengupta Debarka , Ahuja Gaurav
Published: December 2020

Machine Learning-based techniques are emerging as state-of-the-art methods in chemoinformatics to selectively, effectively and speedily identify biologically relevant molecules from large databases. So far, a multitude of such techniques have been proposed, but unfortunately due to their sparse availability, and the dependency on high-end computational literacy, their wider adaptation faces challenges, at least in the context of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)-associated chemosensory research. Here, we report Machine-OlF-Action (MOA), a user-friendly, open-source computational framework, that utilizes user-supplied SMILES (simplified molecular input line entry system) of the chemicals, along with their activation status, to synthesize classification models. MOA integrates a number of popular chemical databases collectively harboring approximately 103 million chemical moieties. MOA also facilitates customized screening of user-supplied chemical datasets. A key feature of MOA is its ability to embed molecules based on the similarity of their local neighborhood, by utilizing a state-of-the-art model interpretability framework LIME. We demonstrate the utility of MOA in identifying previously unreported agonists for human and mouse olfactory receptors OR1A1 and MOR174-9 by leveraging the chemical features of their known agonists and non-agonists. In summary, here we develop an ML-powered software playground for performing supervisory learning tasks involving chemical compounds.

Availability and implementation

MOA is available for Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. It’s accessible at (https://ahuja-lab.in/). Source code, user manual, step-by-step guide and support is available at GitHub (https://github.com/the-ahuja-lab/Machine-Olf-Action). For results, reproducibility and hyperparameters, refer to Supplementary Notes.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PhyloCorrelate: inferring bacterial gene–gene functional associations through large-scale phylogenetic profiling
Authors: Tremblay Benjamin J -M , Lobb Briallen , Doxey Andrew C
Published: December 2020

Motivation

Statistical detection of co-occurring genes across genomes, known as ‘phylogenetic profiling’, is a powerful bioinformatic technique for inferring gene–gene functional associations. However, this can be a challenging task given the size and complexity of phylogenomic databases, difficulty in accounting for phylogenetic structure, inconsistencies in genome annotation and substantial computational requirements.

Results

We introduce PhyloCorrelate—a computational framework for gene co-occurrence analysis across large phylogenomic datasets. PhyloCorrelate implements a variety of co-occurrence metrics including standard correlation metrics and model-based metrics that account for phylogenetic history. By combining multiple metrics, we developed an optimized score that exhibits a superior ability to link genes with overlapping GO terms and KEGG pathways, enabling gene function prediction. Using genomic and functional annotation data from the Genome Taxonomy Database and AnnoTree, we performed all-by-all comparisons of gene occurrence profiles across the bacterial tree of life, totaling 154 217 052 comparisons for 28 315 genes across 27 372 bacterial genomes. All predictions are available in an online database, which instantaneously returns the top correlated genes for any PFAM, TIGRFAM or KEGG query. In total, PhyloCorrelate detected 29 762 high confidence associations between bacterial gene/protein pairs, and generated functional predictions for 834 DUFs and proteins of unknown function.

Availabilityand implementation

PhyloCorrelate is available as a web-server at phylocorrelate.uwaterloo.ca as well as an R package for analysis of custom datasets. We anticipate that PhyloCorrelate will be broadly useful as a tool for predicting function and interactions for gene families.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Plant Extract and Herbal Products as Potential Source of Sorbent for Analytical Purpose: An Experimental Study of Morphine and Codeine Determination Using HPLC and LC–MSMS
Authors: Ghorani-Azam Adel , Balali-Mood Mahdi , Khatami Seyed-Mola , Asoodeh Ahmad , Es’haghi Zarrin , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad
Published: December 2020

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an analytical method for microextraction of analytes, in which the analytes bind to the sorbent on the surface of the SPME fiber. Many types of chemical agents are used as sorbent; however, many of these sorbents cause secondary contamination or are not cost-effective. Here, aqueous extract of Ferula gummosa was evaluated as potential source of sorbent for simultaneous microextraction of morphine and codeine. For this purpose, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) and then functionalized with aqueous extract of F. gummosa. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porous polypropylene hollow fibers were filled with the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and used for analyte extraction in urine sample at 40°C and pH 6 for 2 min. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the fiber could preconcentrate 1 ng/mL of morphine and 0.75 ng/mL codeine in urine sample and was successfully used for 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for morphine were 1 and 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ for codeine were determined 0.75 and 2.47 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of the fiber was 80% and 93% for morphine and codeine, respectively. SPME fiber using extract of F. gummosa plant was used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in urine sample. Therefore, plants can be considered as abundant and cheap sources of sorbent for various analytical purposes.
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Modulates Locomotor Acceleration Induced by Nitric Oxide but not Serotonin inClione limacinaCentral Pattern Generator Swim Interneurons
Authors: Pirtle Thomas J , Satterlie Richard A
Published: December 2020

Synopsis

Both nitric oxide (NO) and serotonin (5HT) mediate swim acceleration in the marine mollusk, Clione  limacina. In this study, we examine the role that the second messenger, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), plays in mediating NO and 5HT-induced swim acceleration. We observed that the application of an analog of cGMP or an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) increased fictive locomotor speed recorded from Pd-7 interneurons of the animal’s locomotor central pattern generator. Moreover, inhibition of sGC decreased fictive locomotor speed. These results suggest that basal levels of cGMP are important for slow swimming and that increased production of cGMP mediates swim acceleration in Clione. Because NO has its effect through cGMP signaling and because we show herein that cGMP produces cellular changes in Clione swim interneurons that are consistent with cellular changes produced by 5HT application, we hypothesize that both NO and 5HT function via a common signal transduction pathway that involves cGMP. Our results show that cGMP mediates NO-induced but not 5HT-induced swim acceleration in Clione.
The national landscape of culminating experiences in master’s programs in health and biomedical informatics
Authors: Cox Suzanne Morrison , Johnson Stephen B , Shiu Eva , Boren Sue
Published: December 2020

Health and biomedical informatics graduate-level degree programs have proliferated across the United States in the last 10 years. To help inform programs on practices in teaching and learning, a survey of master’s programs in health and biomedical informatics in the United States was conducted to determine the national landscape of culminating experiences including capstone projects, research theses, internships, and practicums. Almost all respondents reported that their programs required a culminating experience (97%). A paper (not a formal thesis), an oral presentation, a formal course, and an internship were required by ≥50% programs. The most commonly reported purposes for the culminating experience were to help students extend and apply the learning and as a bridge to the workplace. The biggest challenges were students’ maturity, difficulty in synthesizing information into a coherent paper, and ability to generate research ideas. The results provide students and program leaders with a summary of pedagogical methods across programs.
Graded dietary resistant starch concentrations on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end products and microbial populations of healthy adult dogs
Authors: Beloshapka Alison N , Cross Tzu-Wen L , Swanson Kelly S
Published: December 2020

Resistant starch (RS) is fermentable by gut microbiota and effectively modulates fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in pigs, mice, and humans. RS may have similar beneficial effects on the canine gut but has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dietary RS (Hi-maize 260) on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, fermentative end-product concentrations, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. An incomplete 5 × 5 Latin square design with seven dogs and five experimental periods was used, with each treatment period lasting 21 d (days 0 to 17 adaptation; days 18 to 21 fresh and total fecal collection) and each dog serving as its own control. Seven dogs (mean age = 5.3 yr; mean body weight = 20 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments formulated to be iso-energetic and consisting of graded amounts of 100% amylopectin cornstarch, RS, and cellulose and fed as a top dressing on the food each day. All dogs were fed the same amount of a basal diet throughout the study, and fresh water was offered ad libitum. The basal diet contained 6.25% RS (dry matter [DM] basis), contributing approximately 18.3 g of RS/d based on their daily food intake (292.5 g DM/d). Data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using SAS. The treatments included 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of an additional RS source. Because Hi-maize 260 is approximately 40% digestible and 60% indigestible starch, the dogs received the following amounts of RS daily: 0% = 18.3 g (18.3 + 0 g), 1% = 20.1 g (18.3 + 1.8 g), 2% = 21.9 g (18.3 + 3.6 g), 3% = 23.7 g (18.3 + 5.4 g), and 4% = 25.5 g (18.3 + 7.2 g). Apparent total tract DM, organic matter, crude protein, fat, and gross energy digestibilities and fecal pH were linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal output was linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal scores and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations were not affected by RS consumption. Although most of the fecal microbial taxa were not altered, Faecalibacterium were increased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. The decrease in fecal pH and increase in fecal Faecalibacterium would be viewed as being beneficial to gastrointestinal health. Although our results seem to indicate that RS is poorly and/or slowly fermentable in dogs, the lack of observed change may have been due to the rather high level of RS contained in the basal diet.
The Psychology of Marginal Utility
Authors: Li Xilin , Hsee Christopher K
Published: December 2020

That wealth has diminishing marginal utility is a fact of life, and that people be sensitive to their current level of wealth when deciding whether to pursue additional wealth is a requirement of rational choice. A series of experiments, spanning diverse contexts, reveal marginal-utility neglect—that people are rather insensitive to their current wealth when deciding how much effort to expend to acquire a monetary reward (e.g., how long to walk to claim a voucher). Moreover, the experiments demonstrate that a marginal-utility-prompting manipulation, which prompts people to consider their current wealth and their need for the reward given their current wealth, produces a significant sensitization effect—making financially richer (vs. less rich) individuals less (vs. more) willing to seek the reward. This manipulation is more effective than either prompting people to consider their current wealth alone or consider their need for the reward alone, suggesting that marginal-utility prompting does not merely draw people’s attention to their current wealth or merely draw their attention to their need for the reward, but links the two elements. This research elucidates the psychology of marginal utility and yields implications beyond the pursuit of monetary rewards.