bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative approaches for clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic: Online clinical practice for inpatients and outpatients - A mixed method -
Authors: Kasai Hajime , Shikino Kiyoshi , Saito Go , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Takahashi Yukiko , Kuriyama Ayaka , Tanaka Kazuhisa , Onodera Misaki , Yokoh Hidetaka , Tatsumi Koichiro , Yoshino Ichiro , Ikusaka Masatomi , Sakao Seiichiro , Ito Shoichi
Published: September 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a need for educational materials and methods that can replace clinical clerkships (CCs) for online clinical practice (online-CP). This study evaluates the impact of using simulated electronic health records (sEHR) for inpatients, and electronic problem-based learning (e-PBL) and online virtual medical interviews (online-VMI) for outpatients, for an online clinical practice using a learning management system (LMS) and online meeting system facilitated by a supervising physician.
Methods
The sEHR was reviewed by medical students and subsequently discussed with a supervising physician using an online meeting system. In the e-PBL, medical students reviewed the simulated patients and discussed on the LMS. For the online-VMI, a faculty member acted as outpatient and a student as doctor. Small groups of students discussed the clinical reasoning process using the online meeting system. A mixed methods design was implemented. Medical students self-assessed their clinical competence before and after the online-CP. They answered questionnaires and participated in semi-structured focus group interviews (FGIs) regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the practice.
Results
Forty-three students completed the online-CP during May and June 2020. All students indicated significant improvement in all aspects of self-evaluation of clinical performance after the online-CP. Using sEHR significantly improved performance in writing daily medical records and medical summaries (from 2.5 ± 2.0 to 4.3 ± 1.9, p < 0.001; from 2.6 ± 1.6 to 4.0 ± 2.0, p < 0.001, respectively). By e-PBL and online-VMI, performance in terms of medical interviews and counselling improved significantly (from 3.7 ± 1.7 to 5.0 ± 2.0, p = 0.009; from 4.2 ± 1.7 to 5.1 ± 1.8, p = 0.043, respectively). Students indicated CCs as more useful for learning associated with medical interviews, physical examinations, and humanistic qualities or professionalism than the online-CP. Eight FGIs were conducted (n = 42). The advantages of online-CP were segregated into five categories (learning environment, efficiency, accessibility, self-paced learning, and interactivity); meanwhile, the disadvantages of online-CP were classified into seven categories (clinical practice experience, learning environment, interactivity, motivation, memory retention, accessibility, and extraneous cognitive load).
Conclusions
Online-CP with sEHR, e-PBL, and online-VMI could be useful in learning some of the clinical skills acquired through CC. These methods can be implemented with limited preparation and resources.
Potential diagnostic value of pleural fluid cytokines levels for tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Roofchayee Neda Dalil , Marjani Majid , K.Dezfuli Neda , Tabarsi Payam , Moniri Afshin , Varahram Mohammad , Adcock Ian M. , Mortaz Esmaeil
Published: September 2020

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Patients with tuberculous or malignant pleural effusions (MPE) frequently have similar clinical manifestations and pleural fluid profile. New biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of TPE are required. Objective: We sought to determine of whether cytokine profiles in the pleural effusion of patients were suitable as tools for the differential diagnosis of TPE. Methods: 30 patients with TPE, 30 patients with MPE, 14 patients with empyema and 14 patients with parapneumonic effusion were enrolled consecutively from the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran between Dec 2018-Dec 2019. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, IL-27, CXCL-8, CCL-1 and IP-10 were determined in pleural effusions by ELISA along with measurements of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Results: The levels of all analytes measured except IL-18 were higher in TPE compared with non-TPE subjects (all p < 0.01). The best predictors of TPE were combined ADA.IL-27 (optimal cut-off value = 42.68 103.U.ng/L2, sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.28%, p ≤ 0.0001), ADA (optimal cut off value 27.5 IU/L, sensitivity 90%, specificity 96.5%, p ≤ 0.0001) and IL-27 (optimal cut-off value = 2363 pg/ml, sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 98.3%, p ≤ 0.0001). A high level of IL-6 (optimal cut-off value = 3260 pg/ml, sensitivity 100%, specificity 67.2%, p ≤ 0.0001), CXCL-8 (optimal cut-off value = 144.5 pg/m, sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 58.6%, p ≤ 0.0001), CCL-1 (optimal cut-off value = 54 pg/mL, sensitivity 100%, specificity 70.7%, p ≤ 0.0001) and IP-10 (optimal cut-off value = 891.9 pg/mL, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 48.3%, p = 0.0001) were also predictive of TPE. Conclusion: High ADA.IL-27, ADA and IL-27 levels differentiate between TPE and non-TPE with improved specificity and diagnostic accuracy.
Compliance, Barriers, and Facilitators to Social Distancing Measures for Prevention of COVID-19 in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Hailu Workagegnehu , Derseh Lemma , Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir , Tesfaye Tsebaot , Abebaw Dessie
Published: September 2020

Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. To date there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19 and prevention remains the main strategy in tackling it. Social distancing has been proven to contain the epidemic and limit disease spread. The Ethiopian government has declared state of emergency and have taken several measures to impose social distancing measures. Given its strong culture and norms, the level of compliance to social distancing measures in Ethiopia is unknown. This study aims to determine the compliance, associated factors, barriers, and facilitators to social distancing measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A telephone interview based cross-sectional survey triangulated by a qualitative study was conducted from April 20 to May 20, 2020. A total of 401 participants and 12 key informants included for the quantitative and qualitative study respectively. Information on socio-demography, knowledge about COVID-19, practice on preventive measures, particularly social distancing was collected. The barriers and facilitators of social distancing were elicited qualitatively using in-depth interviews. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi- data and Stata software, respectively. Frequencies and odds ratio are used to explain and analyze the results. P-values < 0.05 and confidence level of 95% were considered statistical significance and strength of association, respectively.Results: Out of 401 study participants, 55.36 %( 95% CI 50.43, 60.18) had poor compliance to social distancing measures. The mean age of the participants was 36.4 years with SD ±11.76. Majority of participants (63.84%) went to crowded places without putting face mask. Of the participants, 60.6% and 76.31% had good knowledge on COVID-19 transmission and prevention, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed only age (AOR= 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00–1.04) was significantly associated with social distancing measures. Conclusion: The majority of the study participants have poor compliance with social distancing measures set by the government and health authorities. Compliance with social distancing measures was increased with increasing age. Continuous health education and enforcing of social distancing rules are recommended.
Transition of Ralstonia Mannitolilytica From Commensal to Pathogen During Hospitalization: A Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) Case Caused by R. Mannitolilytica Colonized in The Respiratory Tract
Authors: Liu Junyan , Peters Brian M. , Yang Ling , Yu Hui , Feng Donghua , Chen Dingqiang , Xu Zhenbo
Published: September 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Is Continuous Locking Suture with Braided Suture Sufficient for Arthrotomy Repair in the Conventional TKR? A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Wongsak Siwadol , Chulsomlee Kulapat , Jarungvittayakon Chavarat , Jaovisidha Suphaneewan , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Medial parapatellar arthrotomy is the standard approach for total knee replacement (TKR) but usually requires adequate arthrotomy repair to allow for early rehabilitation. Nonetheless, no previous studies have clarified the postoperative outcome as quadriceps strength (QS) and functional recovery after using the other simple suture technique for the arthrotomy repair, continuous locking suture (CLS). Methods: 80 patients were randomly assigned into a CLS group (n=40) and an interrupted horizontal mattress (IHM) group (n=40). With the same surgical and rehabilitation protocol, and all arthrotomy repair used only the traditional braided suture. QS was calculated into normalized quadriceps strength (N-QS) and operative leg quadriceps strength compared with contralateral QS (OL-QS). QS, visual analog scale (VAS), modified timed up and go (TUGT) test, Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] and Knee Society Score [KSS] were followed for 6 months’ period. Results: No significant difference in demographic and perioperative data, except a significant shorter capsular closure time in CLS (233±40 seconds) compared to IHM (388±47 seconds) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in N-QS and OL-QS between both groups during the 6-month follow-up period (p>0.05 all). Both groups also did not show any significant difference in the postoperative VAS, TUGT, WOMAC, and KSS (p>0.05 all). Finally, no wound complications or infections manifested during this study. Conclusion: Arthrotomy repair with the CLS technique in TKR and using only the braided suture is safe and effective as demonstrated a recovery of the QS and knee function outcome comparable to the standard IHM technique. Trial registration: This study was registered in Thai Clinical Trials Registry on December 2015 (https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th). The registration number was TCTR20151208003.
Increase of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Local Application of Simvastatin Depends on VEGF
Authors: Tan Jie , Wang Hong , Du Guohong , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli
Published: September 2020

Aims

Simvastatin stimulates both BMP-2 and VEGF expression, but it is unknown which is more important for bone formation. This study was undertaken to determine whether these effects could be blocked by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab.
Methods

60 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12 per group): normal control; simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg; and bevacizumab with simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg. Simvastatin groups were administered intraosseous injections of simvastatin delivered by thermosensitive poloxamer. Bevacizumab groups were given bevacizumab intraperitoneally or the same volume of saline. Serum samples were collected before the treatment and every two weeks thereafter. Four weeks after the treatment, four rats randomly selected from each group were subjected to Microfil® perfusion. The remaining eight rats was evaluated with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Four specimens (left tibias) were randomly selected from each group for undecalcified histology, the other four specimens selected for Western blot to analyse the changes of expression of BMP-2.
Results

local injection of simvastatin significantly increased bone formation. Microfil® perfusion showed that there were more vessels both in the bone marrow and around the bone after a single-dose simvastatin injection. Western blot analysis also confirmed that the expression levels of BMP2 were significantly higher in the simvastatin-treated groups compared with the control group. Compared with the simvastatin group, bevacizumab blunted the simvastatin-induced increase in bone mass and angiogenesis.
Conclusion

The anabolic effect of simvastatin on bone formation is through VEGF-related mechanisms.
A Novel High-resolution Dedicated Axillary PET Improve Sensitivity in the Assessment of Regional Nodal Spread of Disease in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: Cheng Jingyi , Li Junjie , Liu Guangyu , Shui Ruohong , Chen Sheng , Yang Benlong , Song Shaoli , Zhang Yingjian , Shao Zhimin
Published: September 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to assess if a novel high-resolution dedicated axillary lymph node Positron Emission Tomography (LymphPET) system could improve sensitivity analysing Lymph Node involvement in early breast carcinoma with clinical N0-N1 stage. Methods: A total of 103 patients with clinical stage of T1-2N0-1M0 breast cancer were evaluated with LymphPET. The maximum single-voxel PET uptake value of Axillary Lymph Node (maxLUV) and the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) for fat (TBR1) and muscle (TBR2) tissue were calculated. Then, seventy-eight patients with cN0 stage received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone or in combination with ALN dissection (ALND) and 25 patients with cN1 stage underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Results: Ninety-nine invasive breast carcinoma entered this study. The diagnostic sensitivity of LymphPET was 87.80%, specificity was 79.31%, false-negative rate was 12.20%, false-positive rate was 20.69%, positive predictive value was 75.00%, negative predictive value was 90.20%, and accuracy was 82.83%. The maxLUV was superior to TBR1 and TBR2 in the detection of ALN, with 0.27 being the most optimal cutoff value. Conclusion: The 18F-FDG LymphPET could be used to identify and recognize more indolent ALNs of the breast cancer because of more sensitivity and much higher negative predictive value.
Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Three Month Old Boy With a Fatal Clinical Course: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: lv Bei-bei , Li Jia-Mei , Yao Zhi-Gang , Cheng Xian-Kui , Ren Fu-Xin , Su Wen-Jing , Qin Ye-Jun , Wang Zhou , Cao Zhi-xin
Published: September 2020

Background: Succinate dehydrogenase deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SDH-deficient GISTs) which lack KIT or PDGFRA mutations demonstrate unique clinical and pathological features, and respond poorly to standard targeted therapy. We herein present a novel case of SDH-deficient GIST in a three-month-old boy in colon mesentery which is the youngest patient until now. Case presentation: The baby presented with complaints of blood in the stool. CT showed a 6.3×4.6 cm mass in the left lower retroperitoneal. Complete resection of tumor and segmental bowel resection was performed without regional lymphadenectomy. Histologically, tumors are distinctive in their multinodular colon wall involvement with interspersed tracts of colon wall smooth muscle. The tumor was composed mainly of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Vim, CD117, PDGFR, while negative for SDHB. Mutational analysis showed a synonymous mutation for SDHB and wild-type for KIT and PDGFRA. Two months after surgery, metastases were found and Imatinib was administered. Unfortunately, the disease continued to progress, the baby died 5 months after surgery. Conclusions: SDH-deficient GISTs comprise a subgroup of a relatively rare tumor type and show a number of clinically and biologically unique features, especially for infants. It is of great importance to developing new therapeutic targets and novel specific drugs.
The Value of Community Technology Workers in LPG Adoption: A pilot in Shirati, Tanzania
Authors: Wiehl Annelise Marie , Sievers Sara , Kammen Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background: The issue of clean cooking lies at the nexus of environmental engineering, environmental health, pollution, energy access, gender and household dynamics, behavioral sciences and international development. In Tanzania, approximately 96% of the population relies on polluting or “unclean” fuels for cooking. Moving away from firewood and charcoal has proven challenging due to low adoption of clean stoves. Here we investigate the application of community health workers, an existing community engagement model for health systems, to clean cooking adoption. We implemented a pilot study with Community Technology Workers as a means to overcome maintenance, education, and behavioral barriers. We evaluated the training, work, and impact of a CTW on stove adoption on a sample of 30 households over a one-year period. Technically trained local CTWs educated thirty families on the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove and conducted weekly check-in surveys.Results: The results from the mixed methodology approach show that families initially have very high rates (100%) of adoption, but as the issues of poverty, other obligations, and sickness arise, roughly 70% of families present sustained, regular refilling of LPG cylinders.Conclusions: The findings imply the feasibility of this type of community infrastructure model to promote and facilitate adoption, but also supports the need to couple this local support with financial mechanisms (e.g. a savings bank). The support from these community trainers paired with these high rates of adoption have large implications for this model’s use in rural, poor areas to increase LPG use and adoption.
The Effects of Add-on Self-Care Therapy on Epidural Catheter Analgesia and Quality of Life in Patients after Surgical Stabilization of Multiple Rib Fractures
Authors: Wu Chunmei , Hong Yijin , Wu Biyu , Huang Biyan
Published: September 2020

Background: Epidural (EPI) catheter analgesia is frequently prescribed as a regional analgesic technique to patients with multiple rib fractures (MRF) following surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF). We aimed to study the effect of add-on self-care therapy on recovery and quality of life (QoL) in patients on EPI analgesia after SSRF. Methods: A total of 267 patients with MRF and on EPI catheter analgesia post SSRF were recruited, and assigned to one of two groups in a random fashion: intervention group received education on self-care therapy, while the control group did not. Incentive spirometry (IS) volumes, Pain scores, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, hospital length of stay (LoS) and QoL were evaluated. Results: Compared to control group, the intervention group showed significantly improved pain scores, IS volume, respiratory rate and SpO2. Hospital LoS was shorter for the intervention group than control. Overall QoL assessments in the intervention group were also significantly better than control patients. Conclusion: Education on self-care therapy significantly benefits pain management, recovery and QoL for MRF patients on EPI catheter analgesia after SSRF operation.
Adult-onset Autoimmune Diabetes: Comparative Analysis of Classical and Latent Presentation
Authors: Fadiga Lúcia , Saraiva Joana , Catarino Diana , Frade João , Melo Miguel , Paiva Isabel
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes (AID) has two different phenotypes: classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with insulin requirement just after diagnosis, and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The purpose of this study is to characterize patients with AID followed on a tertiary centre, comparing classic T1DM and LADA.Methods: We collected data from patients with diabetes and positive islet autoantibodies, aged 30 years old and over at diagnosis. Patients who started insulin in the first 6 months were classified as T1DM and patients with no insulin requirements in the first 6 months were classified as LADA. Data regarding clinical presentation, autoantibodies, A1C and C-peptide at diagnosis, pharmacologic treatment and complications were analysed. Results: We included 92 patients, 46 with classic T1DM and 46 with LADA. The percentage of females was 50% in T1DM group and 52.1% in LADA group. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years (IQR – 15) for T1DM and 42 years (IQR – 15) for LADA (p=0.057). The median time between diagnosis of diabetes and diagnosis of autoimmune aetiology was 0 months in T1DM group and 60 months in LADA group (p<0.001). The mean BMI at diagnosis was 24.1Kg/m2 in T1DM group and 26.1Kg/m2 in LADA group (p=0.042). In T1DM group, 67.4% of the patients had more than one positive autoantibody, comparing to 41.3% of LADA patients (p=0.012). There was no statistical difference in what concerns to title of GAD autoantibodies, A1C and C-peptide at diagnosis of autoimmune aetiology. The presence of symptoms at diagnosis was associated with T1DM group (p<0.001). The median daily insulin dose was 40IU for T1DM (0.58IU/Kg) and 33.5IU for LADA (0.57IU/Kg), with no statistical difference. LADA patients were more often under non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (p=0.001). At 10 years follow up, 21.1% of T1DM patients and 63.3% of LADA patients had microvascular complications (p=0.004). Diabetic nephropathy was present in 23.5% of T1DM patients and 53.3% of LADA patients (p=0.047). At the last evaluation, 55.6% of T1DM and 82.6% of LADA patients had metabolic syndrome (p=0.005). Conclusion: Patients with classic T1DM presented more often with symptoms, lower BMI and higher number of autoantibodies, which may be related to a more aggressive autoimmune process. Patients with LADA developed more frequently microvascular complications for the same disease duration, namely diabetic nephropathy, and had more often metabolic syndrome.
Predictive and Prognostic Value of an microRNA Signature for Gastric Carcinoma Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Cheng Xiaowei , Wei Hongkuang , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Fuzheng
Published: September 2020

PurposeGastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common cause of tumor-related death. Chemotherapy resistance usually occurs, leading to cancer relapse and poor survival of GC patients. To investigate the role of miRNAs in chemotherapy resistance for GC patients, we conducted an integrated analysis of miRNA expression and survival information using data obtained from the TCGA project. Materials and methodsGenome-wide screening of chemotherapy response-specific miRNAs was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for patients received chemotherapy or those had never received chemotherapy, respectively. CCK-8 assay was used for assessing cell viability. GSEA and single sample GSVA were performed for functional enrichment analysis. CIBERSORT cellular composition analysis was used to infer immune cell populations in GC tumors.ResultsA four-miRNA expression signature involving miR-130, -152, -199 and -200b was predicted as a specific indicator for GC chemoresistance (P = 0.00053; hazard ratio = 8.63), outperforming those clinicopathological factors. Functional experiments confirmed the roles of these signature miRNAs in regulation of chemotherapy response. Functional enrichment of these signature miRNAs and risk score revealed positive association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and negative association with cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage response. Furthermore, the immune infiltration-miRNA functional network analysis revealed transformation from activated effector cells to resting immunosuppressive cells are preferred in GCs with adverse chemotherapy response.ConclusionsOur work identifies a four‑miRNA expression signature as a promising chemoresistance biomarker in gastric carcinoma, which provides novel insights into developing new strategies to overcome GC chemoresistance.
Identification and Validation of a Reliable Prognostic Eleven-Genes Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuliang , Liu Zhirui , Wang Qian
Published: September 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality and mortality. Although advances in early diagnosis, disease management and treatment of HCC, the outcomes remain unsatisfactory. This study aimed to identify the reliable prognostic biomarkers based integrated bioinformatics analysis to predict and improve the survival of HCC patients. Methods: The gene expression or transcriptome profiles and survival of HCC were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by the limma or edgeR package in the R software. Univariate, LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore survival-related signature. Subsequently, a prognostic model and nomogram composed of prognostic signature were constructed for assessing overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and stratified analysis were performed to confirm the prognostic performance of the prognostic model.Results: Compared with nontumor samples, 451 reliable DEGs were identified using the robust rank aggregation and overlap validation. Eleven survival-related DEGs were selected for the construction of a risk evaluation model, which could efficiently distinguish high-risk patients from low-risk patients and even be feasible in the subgroups of stages and age. Further analyses suggested the positive and independent prognostic performance of the model compared to other clinical characteristics (P< 0.05, ROC > 0.7). Finally, a prognostic nomogram composed of the model was constructed for assessing the overall survival, and Harrell’s concordance index and calibration curves demonstrated its efficient predictive performance. Conclusion: The predictive model and nomogram will contribute directly to further clinical applications in the individualized survival prediction, the improvement of treatment strategies and more accurate management for patients with HCC.
Aberrant SLC6A14 Expression Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Via Enhancing the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Mao Hongli , Sheng Jinxiu , Jia Jinlin , Wang Chang , Zhang Shanfeng , Xing Yurong , He Fucheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14) is a high-capacity amino acid transporter in mammalian cells. It has gained increasing attention for its potential involvement in the progression and metabolic reprogramming of various malignant tumors. However, the role of SLC6A14 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were carried out to detect the expression level of SLC6A14 in human CRC tissues and CRC-derived cell lines. HCT-116 and Caco-2 cell lines were selected to conduct the in vitro functional studies. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the role of SLC6A14 in CRC cells. Besides, Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC and tumor xenograft models were constructed to explore the effects of SLC6A14 blockade or overexpression on tumor progression in vivo. Results: SLC6A14 was substantially increased in human CRC samples and higher levels of SLC6A14 was correlated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and dismal survival of CRC patients. SLC6A14 markedly promoted cell growth, inhibited cell apoptosis, exacerbated migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, SLC6A14 aggravated these malignant phenotypes through activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling with specific inhibitors could reverse SLC6A14-mediated tumorigenic effects. Besides, two different animal studies verified the tumor-promoting effect of SLC6A14 in CRC. Conclusion: Our data illustrated the crucial function that SLC6A14 played in the promotion of CRC, suggesting SLC6A14/JAK2/STAT3 axis may serve as novel therapeutic targets for patients with CRC.
Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome Associated with Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in a Child: Early Diagnosis and Intervention
Authors: Sakamoto Atsushi , Ogura Masao , Hattori Atsushi , Tada Kinji , Horikawa Reiko , Nakadate Hisaya , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Nogami Keiji , Ieko Masahiro , Ishiguro Akira
Published: September 2020

Background: Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) is characterized by bleeding and thrombosis in patients, usually associated with autoimmunity or infections. Pediatric LAHPS exhibits various degrees of bleeding, ranging from mild to severe; however, adrenal hemorrhage due to LAHPS and its long-term clinical course have not been sufficiently described. Case presentation: A 9‐year‐old boy presented with prolonged abdominal pain and abnormal coagulation screening tests. The laboratory tests showed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and subsequently revealed the presence of lupus anticoagulant, anti-nuclear antibodies, and hypoprothrombinemia, leading to diagnosis of LAHPS. An enhanced computed tomogram demonstrated nodular lesions in the adrenal glands bilaterally, suggestive of adrenal hemorrhage. Laboratory and clinical manifestations exhibited life-threatening adrenal insufficiency that required hydrocortisone administration. The patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed 12 months later. Conclusions: The patient with LAHPS developed rare adrenal failure due to adrenal hemorrhage, a life-threatening event that should be recognized and treated early. In our case, renal dysfunction was also observed when systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed one year after LAHPS. Our case emphasizes that early recognition of adrenal failure and careful observation for patients with autoantibodies are required.
Analysis of Drug Resistance in Helicobacter Pylori by Complete Genome Sequencing in Bama County, Guangxi, China
Authors: huang yanqiang , Li Xiao-Hua , Huang Yong-Yi , Luo Xian-ke , Qin Yan-Chun , Dai Yuan-Yuan , Qin Chun , Li Ru-Jia , Chen Hao
Published: September 2020

Background: The resistance rate of clinical Helicobacter pylori (Hp) isolates has increased, however, the mechanism of drug resistance is unclear. In this study, we isolated drug-resistant Hp strains isolated from different areas and different populations of China for genomic analysis.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate drug resistance in Hp from Bama County, Guangxi, China.Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin were determined and complete genome sequencing was performed with annotation. The presence of hp1181 and hp1184 genes was detected by RT-PCR. The relationships between hp1181, hp1184 and clarithromycin resistance were confirmed by gene mutation and drug-resistant strains. Results: Three drug-resistant Hp strains were isolated from patients with gastritis in Bama County. The strains showed a high degree of homology with hp26695 through complete genome detection and identification. Differences in genome sequences, gene quantity and gene characteristics were detected amongst the three strains. Prediction and analysis of the function on drug-resistant genes indicated that the RNA expression of hp1181 and hp1184 increased in the three strains that were the same in the artificially induced clarithromycin-resistant bacteria. After gene knockout, the drug sensitivity of the strains increased significantly.Conclusions: The expressions of the genes hp1184 and hp1181 were associated with clarithromycin resistance in the Hp from Bama, Guangxi.
Computational screening of phytocompounds from Moringa oleifera leaf as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: D Athira Nair , J James T
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), caused by novel SARS CoV-2 is rapidly spreading all over the World creating a global public health emergency at unprecedented levels. Till today, no effective treatments or vaccines against this global pandemic is reported and hence to identify lead compounds having potential action in controlling the spread the pandemic is a global concern. This study aimed at in silico screening of phytocompounds from M.oleiera leaf against novel SARS CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) through molecular docking. M.oleiera is an Indian medicinal plant as well as a vegetable, all parts of the plant is medicinally useful and is being used in many of the traditional and Ayurvedic medicinal preparations. Result: When the 19 compounds identified from M.oleifera leaf methanolic extract by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) analysis and 5 FDA approved anti-viral drugs were screened in silico with SARS CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), the following compounds showed top interaction; apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (-8.8 kcal/mol), Mudanpioside (-8.3 kcal/mol), isoquercetin (-8 kcal/mol), isoquercitrin (-8 kcal/mol), quercetin (-7.8 kcal/mol) and dihydroquercetin (-7.8 kcal/mol). Anti-viral drugs: Raltegravir (-7.2 kcal/mol), Lopinavir-Ritonavir (-7.7 kcal/mol), maraviroc (-8.2 kcal/mol), Nelfinavir (-8.3 kcal/mol) and Tipranavir (-9.2 kcal/mol) also showed active interaction with Mpro. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extract showed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, coumarins, saponins, steroids and phytosteroids. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of M.oleifera also showed greater activity, which would ameliorate the post-COVID secondary infection. Conclusion: Hence these compounds from M.oleifera, which are our diet based components, which can interact with the Mpro and curtail COVID-19 virus multiplication in the host cell.
­­­Multi-locus phylogenies reveal three new truffle-like taxa and the traces of interspecific hybridization in Octaviania (Boletales)
Authors: Orihara Takamichi , Healy Rosanne , Corrales Adriana , Smith Matthew E.
Published: September 2020

Among many convergently evolved sequestrate fungal genera in Boletaceae (Boletales, Basidiomycota), the genus Octaviania is the most diverse. We recently collected many specimens of Octaviania subgenus Octaviania, including several undescribed taxa, from Japan and the Americas. Here we describe two new species in subgenus Octaviania, O. tenuipes and O. tomentosa, from temperate to subtropical evergreen Fagaceae forests in Japan based on morphological observation and robust multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and partial large subunit [LSU], translation elongation factor 1-α gene [TEF1] and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene [RPB1]). Based on specimens from the Americas as well as studies of the holotype, we also taxonomically re-evaluate the taxon O. asterosperma var. potteri. Our analysis suggests that O. asterosperma var. potteri is a distinct taxon within the subgenus Octaviania so we recognize this as O. potteri. We unexpectedly collected O. potteri specimens from geographically widespread sites in the USA, Japan and Colombia. This is the first verified report of Octaviania from the South American continent. Our molecular analyses also revealed that the RPB1 sequence of one O. tenuipes specimen was identical to that of a closely related species, O. japonimontana, and that one O. potteri specimen from Minnesota had an RPB1 sequence of an unknown species of O. subg. Octaviania. Additionally, one O. japonimontana specimen had an unusually divergent TEF1 sequence. Gene-tree comparison and phylogenetic network analysis of the multi-locus dataset suggest that these heterogenous sequences are most likely the result of previous inter- and intra-specific hybridization. We hypothesize that frequent hybridization events in Octaviania may have promoted the high genetic and species diversity within the genus.
Rare SARS-CoV-2 antibody development in cancer patients
Authors: hempel louisa , Molnar Jakob , Robert Sebastian , veloso julia , Trepotec Zeljka , Englisch Sofie , Weinzierl Philip , Milani Valeria , Schweneker Katrin , Fleischmann Bastian , Scheiber Josef , Gandorfer Beate , Kleespies Axel , Kaminski Wolfgang , Hempel Dirk , Riedman Kristina , Piehler Armin
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 antibody development and immunity will be crucial for the further course of the pandemic. Until now, it has been assumed that patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop antibodies as it is the case with other coronaviruses, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. In the present study, we analyzed the antibody development of 77 oncology patients 26 days after positive RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. RT-qPCR and anti-SARS-CoV2-antibody methods from BGI (MGIEasy Magnetic Beads Virus DNA/RNA Extraction Kit) and Roche (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay) were used, respectively, according to the manufacturers’ specifications.Surprisingly, in only 6 of 77 individuals with a confirmed history of COVID-19 antibody development was detected. Despite of multiple testing, the remaining patients did not show measurable antibody concentrations in subsequent tests. These results undermine the previous hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infections are regularly associated with antibody development and cast doubt on the provided immunity to COVID-19. Understanding the adaptive and humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 will play a key-roll in vaccine development and gaining further knowledge on the pathogenesis.
Iguratimod Inhibits Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Xue Leixi , Xu Jiajun , Lu Wentian , Wang Qing , Weng Chenghua , Zhang Yi , Wen Jian , Fu Jinxiang , Liu Zhichun
Published: September 2020

Background: Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is one of the main poor prognostic factors of lupus nephritis (LN). Here, we tested whether iguratimod could inhibit RIF in LN. Methods: MRL/lpr mice, an animal model of lupus, were treated with iguratimod or vehicle solution. Pathological changes of kidney was evaluated blindly by the same pathologist. Renal type I collagen (COL-I), IgG, E-cadherin, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining or quantitative real-time PCR. After treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and iguratimod, E-cadherin, fibronectin, Smad2/3, p38 MAPK, p-Smad2/3 and p-p38 MAPK in HK2 cells were measured by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR or immunofluorescence. Results: In MRL/lpr mice, iguratimod eased the renal interstitial deposition of collagen fibers, further confirmed by decreased expression of COL-I after iguratimod treatment. Moreover, upstream pathological processes of RIF, including IgG deposition along the tubular basement membrane, infiltration of inflammatory cells into renal interstitium and tubular injury, were also prevented effectively by iguratimod treatment. Furthermore, iguratimod suppressed the expression of FSP-1 and raised the expression of E-cadherin in renal tubular epithelial cells, suggesting that iguratimod reversed the process of tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In HK2 cells induced by TGF-β1, co-treatment with iguratimod not only reversed cellular morphologic change, but also prevented down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of fibronectin. Finally, iguratimod blocked TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK in HK2 cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that iguratimod shows an inhibitory effect on the progress of RIF in vivo and in vitro, so iguratimod may be a potential drug for the treatment of RIF in LN.
Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Density in Patients With Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Hamoud Hesham , Ghit Mohamed , Ali Mohamad , Khaled Islam
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSpondyloarthritis (SpA) represents a group of several inflammatory conditions. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) are considered to belong to SpA family of diseases. The aim of our study is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone scores (TBS) scores in patients suffering from nr-axSpA.MethodsA cross-sectional study evaluating 160 patients. Inclusion criteria involved patients 18-45 years of age, having clinical features of SpA, and fulfilling Calin’s criteria for inflammatory low back pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups; group A (nr-axSpA) patients, group B (radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA)) patients, and group C (mechanical low back pain).Results Female to male ratio was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (63.3% vs. 36.7%) and (23.33% vs. 76.7%) (p< 0.001), respectively. While disease duration was significantly higher in group B in comparison to groups A and C (47.65±7.15, 18.56±6.55, and 14.76±4.20) (p<0.001), respectively. L1-L4 and L2-L4 TBS of groups A and B were significantly lower compared to group C (p<0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in BMD scores of L1-L4, femoral neck, and total hip bones was detected in group A compared to group C (p< 0.001).ConclusionPatients with nr-axSpA had a lower BMD and TBS compared to r-axSpA group (B) and control group (C), and it predominantly affected more females than males (3:1).
The Interactive Effects of Daytime High Temperature and Humidity on Growth and Endogenous Hormone Concentration of Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Zheng Yanjiao , Yang Zaiqiang , Xu Chao , Wang Lin , Huang Haijing , Yang Shiqiong
Published: September 2020

High temperature and high relative humidity (RH) are one of the most serious agricultural meteorological disasters that limit the production capacity of agricultural facilities. However, little information is available on the precise interaction between these factors on tomato growth. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of high temperature under different RH levels on tomato growth and endogenous hormones and to determine the optimal RH for tomato seedling growth under high temperature environment. Two high temperature (38/18 °C, 41/18 °C) and three relative humidity (50 ± 5%, 70 ± 5%, 90 ± 5%) orthogonal experiments were conducted, with 28/18 °C, 50 ± 5% (CK) as control. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of tomato plants under high temperature environment was significantly lower than that of CK. At 38 °C, the dry matter accumulation with 70% relative humidity was not significantly different from that of CK; at 41 °C, dry matter accumulation with 70% and 90% relative air humidity was significantly greater than that of 50%. The concentrations of soluble sugar and free amino acids in all organs in high temperature-treated plants were significantly higher than that in CK. As relative humidity increased, soluble sugar concentrations of each organ decreased, and the free amino acid concentrations increased. Cytokinin (ZT) and indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations in tomato buds were significantly lower than in CK under high temperature conditions. The lower the RH, the lower the content of ZT and IAA. The gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were higher than in CK under high temperatures. GA3 concentrations decreased and ABA concentrations were augmented with increased humidity. The differences of tomato seedling growth indices and apical bud endogenous hormone concentrations between RHs under high temperature conditions were significant. Raising RH to 70% or higher under high temperature conditions could be beneficial to the growth of tomato plants. The results contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between microclimate parameters inside a Venlo-type glass greenhouse environment, in a specific climate condition, and their effects on the growth of tomato.
Control and Emotional Reactivity Levels: Which One, Positive or Negative Emotional Reactivity Links with Effortful Control?
Authors: Hurriyati Evi Afifah , Fitriana Efi , Cahyadi Surya , Srisayekti Wilis
Published: September 2020

The research investigated the relationship between effortful control and emotional reactivity in students. It also analyzed the description of each variable descriptively based on the levels of effortful control and the level of emotional reactivity. The method was by self-report through questionnaires distributed to students aged 18-30 years. There were 357 participants that were consisting of 94 male students and 263 female students. The measuring instrument was the Effortful Control from the Adult Temperament Scale Questionnaire (ATQ) Scale-Short form, and the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale-Short Form scale. The result shows that there is a positive significant relationship between effortful control and positive emotional reactivity. However, the research shows that there is a negatively significant relationship between effortful control and negative emotional reactivity. It states that students with high levels of effortful control have high positive emotional reactivity. Likewise, students who have low levels of effortful have low positive emotional reactivity. However, individuals who have a high level of effortful control have low negative emotional reactivity and vice versa.
Peraq Api Tradition n Lombok: A Bourdieu Perspective Review
Authors: Zuhriah Nur Azizah , Warto Warto , Pitana Titis Srimuda
Published: September 2020

The research aimed to dismantle the meaning of peraq api in its social practices involving habitus and the field in Sasak cosmology. Pierre Bourdieu’s social practice theory was used as an analysis to uncover the meanings built in the tradition of the peraq api. The meaning of peraq api in its social practice was discussed using qualitative methods, interpretative descriptive data analysis techniques, and using a hermeneutic approach. The results of indicate that the tradition of peraq api is a manifestation of life that represents the creation of beings. This happens because the attitude and perspective of Sasak society about nature originated from the monotheism’s cosmology. This perspective gives rise to behavior to maintain the cosmological balance. Tawhid is a general view of reality, truth, the world, space and time, and human history, which is represented through the tradition of the peraq api.
Intersection Cultural Value, Nationalism, and Commodification behind the Garuda Chair as Jepara’s Signature Industries
Authors: Fajarwati Ade Ariyani Sari , Caroline Octaviana Sylvia , Wulandari Laura Andina
Published: September 2020

The aims of the research were to identify the cultural value and nationalism behind the Garuda chair and to compare it with another style that had more sellable value as commodities. The research used a qualitative descriptive methodology using literature, observation, site visit, and interview data to be analyzed. In conclusion, the Garuda chair has a potential to become an Indonesian commodity in the furniture market and international community by promoting the cultural value behind it and the effectiveness of material using for the chair.
Modeling seasonal trends in optimum temperatures over India
Authors: Agrawal Nishtha , Pandey Vivek K. , Mishra Shailendra K. , Pandey Vinay S.
Published: September 2020

Global warming and changes in seasonal temperature can severely affect the general circulation and precipitation distribution of a region. Therefore, it becomes essential to analyze seasonal trends in air temperature with changing climate. The present study evaluates the troposphere temperature extremes over India during different seasons. We intend to identify significant trends in temperature distribution in different regions of India using the Mann–Kendall test. Further, we have calculated indices concerning temperature extremes to make inferences about the nature of this monotonicity at four pressure levels on a seasonal and annual basis. The temperature data being used in our analysis is obtained from the output of a Regional Climate Model version 4.6 (RegCM v4.6). The monthly temperature values are taken for 25 years (1982–2006) from the model output. We observed that the model captured temperature climatology is coherent with our theoretical analysis. Results of our study reveal a significant (p < 0.05) trend in TT during all the seasons in major parts of the country in the lower troposphere. The upper troposphere, on the other hand, does not show any significant trend during most of the seasons. The identification of these changes can be useful for analysis of coastal vulnerability and extreme weather conditions.