bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of ideas on the cause of earthquakes
Authors: Howell B. F.
Published: October 2011

Greek concepts of winds in the earth as the cause of earthquakes persisted until the latter part of the 19th century. The proportion of earthquakes believed to be caused by volcanic processes has progressively decreased. During the 19th century, faulting gradually emerged as the principal cause, becoming firmly established as a result of studies of the 1891 Mino‐Owari and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes. With improvements in instrumentation, details of the mechanics of faulting became revealed by measurements of seismograms. It is now sometimes possible to estimate fault displacement, moment, the dimensions of displaced blocks, the velocity of rupture, and the location of the initiation of faulting from seismograms.
The MU radar
Authors: Kato S.
Published: October 2011

The middle atmosphere (stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere) is now being studied intensively. Mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere (MST) radars are playing a vital role in observing middle atmospheric motions. These radars receive very weak echoes caused by scattering from atmospheric density fluctuations that are produced by clear air turbulence. These irregularities move with the local wind so that the Doppler shift of the radar echo power spectrum gives the component of the local wind along the line of sight of the radar beam.
Direct observations of Atlantic black smokers
Authors: Rona Peter A.
Published: October 2011

The first investigation by submersible of high‐temperature black smoker vents in the Atlantic Ocean was made with the ALVIN submersible as part of a cruise of the research vessel Atlantis II between May 16 and June 18, 1986. The site, near 26°08′N, 44°49′W, in the rift valley of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, was discovered 1 year ago (Eos, October 1, 1985, p. 682) by multiple surface ship methods. The vent mound is about 250 m in diameter and rises 50 m from a water depth of 3670 m. The site is at the juncture between the base of the east wall of the rift valley and the rift floor within the Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) Hydrothermal Field (see “Black smokers, massive sulphides, and vent biota at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge” by P. Rona et al., in Nature, vol. 321, p . 33, 1986). The mound appears to be a constructional feature built primarily of massive sulfides. A sequence of venting phenomena with increasing fluid temperatures, including shimmering water, white smokers, blue‐white smokers, and black smokers, was encountered from the edge to the center of the mound. A group of black smokers situated at the center of the mound vented such a large, dense, black cloud of metallic particles that visibility was partially obscured, consequently limiting access by the submersible.
Sargasso Sea lead levels drop
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Concentrations of lead in the Sargasso Sea have decreased since at least 1979, following the phase‐out of leaded gasoline in the United States that began in the early 1970s, according to a group of three scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Sargasso Sea is an area of the western North Atlantic Ocean centered near Bermuda, extending from about 20° to 40°N (from about the latitude of Cuba to about the latitude of North Carolina). This work will be presented on Friday morning, December 12, at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting in San Francisco (Eos, November 4, 1986, p. 1066).
Continental Rifts
Authors: Rosendahl B. R.
Published: October 2011

Continental Rifts, edited by A. M. Quennell, is a new member of the Benchmark Papers in Geology Series, edited in toto by R. W. Fairbridge. In this series the individual volume editors peruse the literature on a given topic, select a few dozen papers of ostensibly benchmark quality, and then reorder them in some sensible fashion. Some of the original papers are republished intact, but many are chopped into “McNuggets™” of information. Depending upon the volume editor, the chopping process can range from a butchering job to careful and prudent pruning. The collecting, sifting, and reorganizing tasks are, of course, equally editor‐sensitive. The end product of this series is something akin to a set of Reader's Digest of Geology.
CDAW space data analysis progresses
Authors: Manka Robert H.
Published: October 2011

The Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) 8 series of workshops is well underway. The next workshop, CDAW 8.2, is scheduled for January 26–28, 1987, and will be hosted by the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. There was a pilot workshop in July 1986, and in October 1986, more than 40 scientists attended the CDAW 8.1 workshop at Goddard. The initial workshop topic is a critical examination of the concept of the near‐Earth neutral line model and plasmoid formation.
Harbeck research files donated
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The collected papers and research files of G. Earl Harbeck (deceased), noted U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research hydraulic engineer, have recently been donated by the USGS Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center to the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Mississippi (University, Miss.). Harbeck performed important research in evaporation and evapotranspiration phenomena during the 1950s and 1960s that led to modern water and energy budget methods for lakes, streams, and reservoirs that are widely used today. Many of the papers in his files are unique; others have importance in the historical progression of evaporation research in lakes. Researchers or students interested in gaining access to the files may contact Robert M. Hackett, Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, for details.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 11(12), December 31, 1986, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E87‐002 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1.
Portion of Western Mediterranean Circulation Experiment completed
Authors: La Violette Paul E.
Published: October 2011

At a meeting in Palma (on the Mediterranean island of Majorca), on October 20, 1986, ocean scientists affiliated with the Western Mediterranean Circulation Experiment (WMCE) met to discuss the completion of their 1‐year field experiment. The convenors represented a consortium of 60 scientists from laboratories and institutions in the United States, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The consortium members pooled their talents, instruments, and resources to achieve their common goal: the derivation of the spatial and temporal variability of the circulation of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 12(1), January 31, 1987, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E87‐002 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Chairman's Corner: Current thrust in mineral physics
Authors: Manghnani Murli
Published: October 2011

Several positive factors have generated significant momentum and research activities in mineral physics: the interdisciplinary nature of the field, newly aroused interest through scientific communications at meetings and symposia, advancements in high‐pressure/high‐temperature instrumentation, and above all, commitments by individual scientists and institutions.

In the last 6 months, a number of themes in mineral physics were highlighted at the International Mineralogical Association meeting at Stanford University (Stanford, Calif., July 13–18, 1986), at the conference on “Quantum Theory and Experiment Applied to Solids” at University of Maryland (College Park, Md.; organized by J. A. Tossell and G.V. Gibbs), and at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting (San Francisco, Calif., December 8–12, 1986). The following report discusses the highlights of the recent AGU meeting only.
Mantle structure ideas challenged
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The transition of olivine to a spinel structure in the earth's mantle has been long believed to account for a discontinuity in seismic waves some 400 km below the earth's surface. However, the time may have come to look for alternate explanations for the “400‐km discontinuity,” according to a paper to be presented on May 19, 1987, at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. In the paper, Hideyuki Fujisawa of the Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokyo (Tokyo) questions whether olivine is anywhere near as abundant in the earth's mantle as has been thought for decades.
Plans for ocean drilling
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The international ocean drilling community plans to meet in July 1987 to decide on some of the scientific goals of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) for the next 5 years. An all‐day Union session is being held at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., “to organize and energize the U.S. marine science community” in preparation for that meeting, according to session chairman Garrett Brass, of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami (Miami, Fla.).
Along the waterfront
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Abel Wolman, Professor Emeritus since 1962 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md., received the 1986 Robert E. Horton Medal at the AGU Spring Meeting. He is to be congratulated once again: He also received the U.S. Geological Survey's 1986 “John Wesley Powell Award for Citizen's Achievement.”
Flood frequency and risk analysis
Authors: Rao A. R.
Published: October 2011

The International Symposium on Flood Frequency and Risk Analysis was held at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, May 14–17, 1986. The symposium was sponsored by Louisiana State University, the National Science Foundation, U.S. Army Research Office, the Louisiana district of the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Baton Rouge office of Woodward‐Clyde Consultants; it was cosponsored by about 20 professional organizations, including AGU. The symposium was attended by nearly 200 participants, 95 of whom came from the United States, 15 from Canada, and the remaining from 35 other countries. Of the participants from the United States, 24 were from universities, 35 were from state, federal, and local governmental agencies, and 35 were from consulting engineering firms.
Hydrology, The forgotten Earth science
Authors: Bras Rafael , Eagleson Peter S. , Turner Edmund K. , Parsons Ralph M.
Published: October 2011

The remarkable levels of public health and safety enjoyed by the urban populations of the developed world are due in considerable part to investments in hydrology over the past century. While we have spent lavishly to cope with the scarcities and excesses of water, we have invested little in the basic science underlying water's role in shaping and reshaping our planet. Hydrology, the science of water, has a natural place alongside oceanography, meteorology, geology, and others as one of the geosciences; yet in the modern science establishment, this niche is vacant. Why is this?
The Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere
Authors: Warneck Peter
Published: October 2011

According to current concepts, the composition of the atmosphere is largely determined by dynamic processes. The atmosphere represents a geochemical reservoir through which the elements are cycled by an exchange of matter with the oceans and with terrestrial surface waters and soils. Much of the exchange is mediated by biological processes, so that the biosphere is an important source of atmospheric constituents. A typical atmospheric cycle of an element such as sulfur or nitrogen begins with its release into the air as a volatile compound, usually in chemically reduced form. Thereafter the compound undergoes transport and chemical transformation within the atmosphere, but eventually the element is returned to the earth's surface by precipitation scavenging and dry deposition. The natural cycles of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen are now massively perturbed by an additional emission of huge quantities of SO2 and NOx associated with the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production. It is thus necessary to study the unperturbed atmosphere in more detail in order to assess the impact of anthropogenic emissions upon remote atmospheric regions.
Physics publications available to Third World researchers
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In an effort to make physics publications more widely available, the Executive Committee of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) has agreed to make General Physics Advanced Abstracts available free of charge to physicists in developing countries. The Executive Committee of the American Physical Society has decided to make Physical Review Abstracts available as well. General Physics Advanced Abstracts provides prepublication abstracts for articles that appear in some 40 AIP and member society journals. Physical Review Abstracts contains abstracts of material that will appear in Physical Review, Physical Review Letters, and Review of Modern Physics.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 12(3), March 31, 1987, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E87 ‐ 004 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Soviet, U.S. scientists join for cruise
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Thirteen U.S. scientists joined a Soviet research cruise this month to study atmospheric chemistry and the influence of the oceans on climate change. The cruise is a result of a bilateral agreement signed by the United States and the Soviet Union in November 1986, which recognized the international significance of the increasing concentrations of man‐made gases in the atmosphere, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

On their cruise of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, the scientists hope to evaluate the sources, distributions, and fates of a variety of trace gases and aerosols that are linked to climate change, according to Richard Gammon of NOAA, chief U.S. scientist of the cruise. Air and water samples will be taken from a wide range of marine environments, extending from the western Bering Sea to subtropical waters east of Japan.
Solar Terrestrial Theory Program: Overview and status
Authors: Curtis Steven A.
Published: October 2011

The Solar Terrestrial Theory Program (STTP) was started by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1979 as a response to a call from a number of theoreticians and experimentalists in the space science community. The idea was to have a program to enhance our understanding of data obtained from past and present spaceflight programs and to aid in planning future spaceflight programs whose mission would be to better our understanding of the plasma universe.
Convective storm measurement program planned
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An independent group of cloud physicists and chemists is planning a cooperative program on storm measurement for summer 1988. The program, which will be conducted in east‐central Illinois, will focus on convective storms and is meant to provide as complete a description as possible of the dynamical, microphysical, and chemical processes that occur within precipitating convective clouds in a regionally polluted environment.
Geophysics in Mexico
Authors: Fucugauchi J. Urrutia
Published: October 2011

The 1986 Annual Meeting of the Union Geofisica Mexicana (UGM) was held in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, during November 9–15, 1986. This annual meeting provides an opportunity for the presentation and discussion of new observations, data, interpretations, etc., in the various research areas of geophysics. It is also intended to bring together geophysicists from government institutions, industry, universities, and research centers, along with researchers from other countries. Since a substantial amount of the geophysical data that is gathered in Mexico remains unpublished or is published in internal reports of restricted circulation, it is important to have such a forum for local and foreign researchers. Many U.S. research groups are presently carrying out studies in Mexico (in seismology, tectonics, economic geology, volcanology, etc.), but their participation in these annual meetings has been very limited. Thus, in addition to giving a brief account of the meeting, we would like to encourage future participation by AGU members and also to announce the availability of material published from the meetings (abstracts with program and a proceedings volume).
BEMPEX: A study of barotropic ocean currents and lithospheric electrical conductivity
Authors: Luther Douglas S. , Chave Alan D. , Filloux Jean H.
Published: October 2011

Much of the deep ocean's variability at subinertial frequencies is believed to be due to depth‐independent (barotropic) fluctuations, especially in regions devoid of intense mean currents and mesoscale eddies. The significance of this proposition can be seen in the hypothesis that all of the vertical mixing in the deep ocean implied by chemical property distributions is accounted for by mixing at the bottom boundary, followed by lateral advection without any vertical (cross‐isopycnal) diffusion in the interior [e.g., Armi, 1978]. Barotropic currents could provide much of the variability that causes the boundary mixing. The atmosphere, through direct forcing by the surface wind stress, may be the principal energy source for the barotropic field away from boundary currents. This assertion has been difficult to demonstrate for two reasons: the multiplicity of free waves that are generated elsewhere reduces correlations between local oceanic and surface atmospheric variables, and extensive conventional instrumentation (e.g., numerous current meters per mooring) is required to accurately separate the barotropic and depth‐dependent (baroclinic) components. However, at subinertial frequencies, bottom pressure is dominated by the barotropic field, and the horizontal electric field has been shown to be due to a weighted vertical average of horizontal water velocity, effectively eliminating the baroclinic component. These observations, together with the well‐established utility of external source electromagnetic data for inferring the electrical structure of Earth, led to the design of an experiment with dual purposes:

first, the estimation of some properties of barotropic fluctuations in a region of the mid‐latitude North Pacific that has weak mean currents and an unenergetic surface eddy field but in which significant barotropic currents are expected to be directly forced by surface winds, and

second, the investigation of the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic lithosphere.
Japanese Society changes its name
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

At the 82nd semiannual meeting of the Society of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity of Japan, held in Fukuoka City in October 1986, a proposal to change the society's name was approved by a 181‐to‐19 vote of the 205 members (five abstained). The new name is the Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences. Because of the expansion of activities in recent years, especially in the area of space and planetary sciences, many of the society members have felt that the old name was not very appropriate. A committee was set up last year to find a suitable name. It was also agreed that the name of the society's periodical, the Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, should continue unchanged because it has an international circulation already.
Water quality issues associated with agricultural drainage in semiarid regions
Authors: Sylvester Marc A.
Published: October 2011

High incidences of mortality, birth defects, and reproductive failure in waterfowl using Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif., have occurred because of the bioaccumulation of selenium from irrigation drainage. These circumstances have prompted concern about the quality of agriculture drainage and its potential effects on human health, fish and wildlife, and beneficial uses of water. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California (Berkeley, Calif.) organized a 1‐day session at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., to provide an interdisciplinary forum for hydrologists, geochemists, and aquatic chemists to discuss the processes controlling the distribution, mobilization, transport, and fate of trace elements in source rocks, soils, water, and biota in semiarid regions in which irrigated agriculture occurs. The focus of t h e session was the presentation of research results on the source, distribution, movement, and fate of selenium in agricultural drainage.
Properties of deformable glacier beds: Past and present
Authors: Hallet Bernard
Published: October 2011

The mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of deformable substrates at the base of glaciers have in the past several years been recognized as principal unknowns in considerations of glacier dynamics. This session, held during the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., was organized to assemble information and to promote discussion of deformable glacier beds.
Hydrologic research at LTER sites
Authors: Bhowmik Nani G.
Published: October 2011

The Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program of the National Science Foundation was formulated and initiated by the Division of Biotic Systems and Resources to support research that addresses ecological variabilities that may last or be detectable only over a period of 10 to 100 years. Eleven sites have been selected at which research in various ecological areas is being conducted by interdisciplinary groups of scientists with backgrounds in hydrology, biology, geology, forestry, geography, chemistry, and other disciplines. At all the sites, data collection and analyses are being performed on various biological processes that represent the total environment of these sites. Research on hydrological processes and their interactions with biology is a vital part of the long‐term ecological research projects. This article summarizes various topical hydrological research and data collection projects that are being performed at these sites.
External tanks touted
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Renovation of the space shuttle's external tanks (ETs) for civilian space stations can and should begin by 1990, according to a consensus of scientists and administrators. Their views were presented August 3–4, 1987, in Boulder, Colo., at the Workshop on the Scientific Use of Orbiting Shuttle External Tanks, sponsored by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).

Initial efforts should make use of 6000 ft3 (∼170 m3) of unpressurized volume inside the ET, according to the scientists. The tank is larger than the body of a Boeing 747 aircraft and contains the liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuel that puts the shuttle in orbit. A Memorandum of Understanding signed August 3 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and UCAR opens the way for exploration of the many uses proposed for the tanks. UCAR is the principal partner in the ET program, which is called Space Phoenix.
Scientists must listen to be heard
Authors: Lefkoff Jeff
Published: October 2011

My experience as an AGU Congressional Fellow began in earnest when I was told “Legislation is a bit like sausage—Once you find out how it's really made, you feel completely different about it.” Being a vegetarian, I knew then that I was in for an interesting year.

The sausage analogy was cited during a 2‐week orientation to Capitol Hill that was planned by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). I was one of 25 AAAS Congressional Science Fellows, each sponsored by different scientific society. Though our backgrounds varied widely, two shared feelings quickly brought us together: an interest in the interface between science and policy and a desire to steer our career paths toward that interface.
Passive microwave data for snow and ice research: Planned products from the DMSP SSM/I System
Authors: Weaver Ronald , Morris Charles , Barry Roger G.
Published: October 2011

On June 19, 1987, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) launched the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). SSM/I is a passive microwave radiometer that will provide near real‐time data for operational use. A data processing and management system to produce sea ice data products for distribution to the research community is under development by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Data System (NODS) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for NASA Polar Oceans Program. The computer‐based Cryospheric Data Management System (CDMS) at NSIDC will extract polar SSM/I data and make them readily available in suitable formats for scientific use. Plans for processing, archiving, and distributing these data are described.
DOE funds Gizmos
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will give $4.8 million to 21 U.S. universities for new instruments for energy‐related research, it was announced last week. The 24 successful proposals were selected from 188 applications. Four of the University Research Instrumentation Awards are designated for geoscience research.

The minute sources of remanent magnetization in rocks will be investigated by John Geissman of the Univeristy of New Mexico in Albuquerque (UNM) with a magnetometer of special design, funded by a DOE grant of $115,000. Paleomagnetic measurements are generally based on a bulk determination of magnetization of 11 cm3 or so of rock. “But the size of particles that are the source of geologically stable remanent magnetism is very small,” says Geissman. His magnetometer is designed to analyze particles as small as a micron. It will be used with a scanning/transmission electron microscope (STEM) at UNM to explore where the small grains reside in rocks and to gain a fuller understanding of the paleomagnetism measured by conventional means. Future work may also involve using a laser to destroy selected magnetic phases and minimize the effects of parts of the magnetic mineralogy, permitting examination of any magnetic material that remains.
Validation of satellite‐derived precipitation measurements
Authors: Wilkerson John C.
Published: October 2011

The COSPAR‐sponsored International Workshop on the Validation of Satellite‐Derived Precipitation Measurements for the Global Precipitation Climatology Project was held in Washington, D.C., November 17–21, 1986. The objective of the workshop, which was attended by researchers from 13 countries, was to develop a plan for validating large‐scale estimates of monthly rainfall amounts from geostationary satellite observations, a combination of polar satellite observations and ground‐based rain gage measurements, for 200 km×200 km areas. This objective directly supports the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) goal of producing a 10‐year data set, starting in 1987, of global rainfall estimates for use by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The major source of data will be estimates of rainfall amounts for 200 km×200 km areas derived from threshold infrared histograms of geostationary satellite observations.
First AGU Meeting in Asia Features Plasmas
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Tohoku University and the American Geophysical Union will sponsor AGU's first Asian meeting next month. The Chapman Conference on Plasma Waves and Instabilities in Magnetospheres and at Comets will be held October 12–16 in Sendai, Japan.

Invited talks on anisotropic magnetized plasmas by R. Z. Sagdeev and interacting plasmas by A. A. Galeev, both of the Soviet Union, begin the program. The sessions are Plasma and Magnetohydrodynamic Waves and Instabilities at Comets, Stochastic Particle Acceleration; Nonlinear Processes and Turbulence, Computer Simulations of Plasma Waves and Instabilities; ELF and VLF Electromagnetic and Electrostatic Waves and Instabilities in Planetary Magnetospheres and Magnetotails; MHD Waves and Instabilities in Planetary Magnetospheres and Magnetotails Including Ground and Ionospheric Responses; and Nonthermal Radiation from Planets.
AGU sponsors U.S. visit for Latin American members
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Chilean petrologist and an Argentinian seismologist will receive travel support from AGU to attend the Union's 1987 Fall Meeting and visit U.S. universities. Fernando Lund of the University of Chile, Santiago, and Carlos Rapela of the National University of La Plata, Argentina, have been selected to receive funds under AGU's Latin American Visiting Scientists Program.

The program provides support for Latin American AGU members (that is, members from Mexico or Central or South America) on university or research institute faculties to travel to the United States for short scientific visits. These visits, approximately 1 month in length, include an AGU national meeting and the opportunity to visit universities and government laboratories that are conducting research in the visitors' disciplinary areas. The purpose of the program is to provide exposure to the U.S. scientific community for Latin American geoscientists who are in a position to pass on the knowledge gained from this experience to students in their home countries.
Results of deep drilling in the western moat of Long Valley, California
Authors: Suemnicht Gene
Published: October 2011

In 1985, Unocal drilled the first deep test well in the western moat of Long Valley caldera, ∼1 km east of the Inyo Craters. Well IDFU 44‐16 penetrated a thinner section of Bishop Tuff than that found in earlier deep exploration wells on the resurgent dome. Precaldera volcanics were encountered at 1183 m and metamorphic basement at 1615 m. The precaldera volcanics yielded a radiometric age of 1.98±0.1 Ma and are tentatively correlated with Tertiary andesites and dacites on the caldera's western wall. These stratigraphic relations suggest that the caldera's structural margin is at least 4 km east of the current topographic margin. Temperatures reach a maximum of 218°C at 1100 m in IDFU 44‐16; however, temperature reversals occur below this depth. Temperature and permeability measurements indicate a lateral outflow of hot water over cold recharge near the caldera's structural margin. While these discoveries support the existence of hightemperature fluids in the western moat of Long Valley caldera, the ultimate source of the geothermal system remains to be discovered.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution
Authors: Gifford F.A.
Published: October 2011

This is a n ambitious book on a complex subject, written by an expert in the field. It is aimed at graduate students and above, perhaps including upper‐level undergraduates, and subjects treated are accordingly many, diverse, and intricately interwoven. It could easily have failed on any one of a number of counts, and it is a distinct pleasure to report that, as far as this reviewer is concerned, it did not.

The reader of this book gets a detailed, logically organized discussion of air pollution chemistry and physics, in which few concessions have been made to the real difficulties of the subject matter and none to clarity of presentation. The text material is divided into six parts: pollutants — sources and effects; air pollution chemistry; aerosols; air pollution‐meteorology; atmospheric diffusion; and a special topics section in which the important subjects of air pollution statistics and acid rain are discussed.
Climate change: A view from Congress
Authors: Brown George E.
Published: October 2011

Those of us studying the global climate change problem over the years have witnessed many great achievements and experienced many frustrations. The scientific community can be very proud of its many achievements, such as improvements in monitoring techniques, space‐borne instrumentation,, and high‐speed computers that allow the global synthesis of information at an unprecendented scale. The frustrations, as well as the challenges, lie mainly in the many uncertainties remaining in understanding our everchanging atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. Frustration can also be found in the difficult task of maintaining adequate funding for climate research.
The Data Analysis and Interactive Modeling System (DAIMS)
Authors: Haidvogel Dale B. , Keffer Tom
Published: October 2011

In recent years, our understanding of the global ocean circulation has increased dramatically. Progress in the area of global and mesoscale numerical ocean modeling has been particularly rapid [Evans et al., 1987]. For example, presently available models, taken together with both traditional and novel new sources of ocean data, are being used for the first time to make predictions of the evolution of currents in the deep ocean [Robinson et al., 1986]. On the basis of this experience, an operational ocean forecasting capability is a practical possibility within the next decade [Mooers et al., 1986].
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Busse F. H.
Published: October 2011

In the past 8 years, since Pedlosky's book was first published, it has found a well established place in the literature of dynamical meteorology and physical oceanography. Geophysicists less familiar with these fields may need to be reminded that the subject of geophysical fluid dynamics, in the narrow definition used in the title of the book, refers to the theory of the large‐scale motions of the atmosphere and the oceans. Topics such as thermal convection in the atmosphere or in Earth's mantle and core are not treated in this book, and the reader will search in vain for a discussion of atmospheric or oceanic tides. The theory of quasi‐geostrophic flow is described comprehensively, however, and its major applications to problems of atmospheric and oceanic circulations are considered in detail.
Archiving women geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Arthur and Elisabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America is seeking to archive the papers of distinguished women geophysicists. That library is at Radcliffe College (Cambridge, Mass.) and is a leading repository for books, manuscripts, and other materials documenting the history of women in the United States. Members of AGU who know of anyone whose papers, in their view, should be archived by the library, or know of some distinguished deceased woman geophysicist whose papers have not yet found a proper repository, should contact Eva Moseley, Curator of Manuscripts, Schelsinger Library, Radcliffe College, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. The letter of nomination should contain as much pertinent information as possible and a copy of the vitae should also be sent, if available.
History of hydrology archive
Authors: Back William
Published: October 2011

There has long been concern over how to archive important material related to the history of hydrology. Bill Back (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.), past chairman of the AGU Committee on History and Heritage of Hydrology, has made contact with the American Heritage Center, which has been collecting such material for nearly 20 years. They now have an expanding program and are most enthusiastic about helping us preserve historical material. They would like to receive files, manuscripts, photographs, and similar material from hydrologists throughout the United States and other countries.
Pacific Northwest Region elects new committee
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Pacific Northwest Region of AGU has elected a new regional committee.'From July 1988 until June 1990, the regional committee will be made up of: D. Dennis Harr, University of Washington, Seattle (Hydrology); David R. Van Alstine, Applied Paleomagnetics, Redmond, Wash. (Geomagnetism/Paleomagnetism; Stephen C. Riser, University of Washington, Seattle (Seismology); Stephen D. Malone, University of Washington, Seattle (Tectonophysics); Kristin Rohr, Pacific Geoscience Center, Sidney, Canada (Tectonophysics); and J. Kelley Russell, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Volcanology).
Space Station panel appointed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A poll on the Space Station was conducted among AGU members last fall using a random sample of the membership. The results of this poll were summarized in Eos (January 5, 1988, p. 1). One result was that about three quarters of the respondents felt AGU should adopt a formal position on the Space Station.

Subsequent to the poll, a request that such a position be established has been made. The Public Affairs Committee agreed that the request was appropriate, so a Space Station Panel was appointed by then AGU President Peter S. Eagleson. The panel will recommend a Union position for Council approval. The position will address separately the manned station itself and the associated polar platforms.
College teachers can upgrade skills
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation has announced the second year of its Undergraduate Faculty Enhancement Program grants for undergraduate faculty seminars and conferences. NSF provides leadership and financial assistance so colleges and universities can systematically help undergraduate faculty learn new ideas and techniques in their fields and better their teaching skills.

Faculty who teach undergraduates have specific needs to stay abreast of recent developments in their disciplines, according to NSF. They need to know of new experimental techniques and how to incorporate them into the classroom, to work with new instruments, to learn about recent theoretical developments in their fields, to synthesize knowledge across their own and other disciplines, and to interact with experts and colleagues. The program requires participants to work actively in their fields and to interact with scientists, engineers, and mathematicians skilled in the topic area, and emphasizes communication with fellow participants.
AGU sponsors U.S. visit for Latin American geophysicist
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Alberto Benavidez, an Uruguayan geophysicist, has been selected to receive travel support under AGU's Latin American Visiting Geophysicist Program. He will attend the 1988 Fall Meeting in San Francisco and visit several U.S. universities and research institutions. He is a member of the Geodesy Section.
Goals of the Union
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The purposes of the AGU as defined in the statutes are as follows:

(a) To promote the scientific study of the earth and its environment in space and to make the results of such studies available to the public.

(b) To promote cooperation among scientific organizations whose objectives include the furtherance of knowledge in the geophysical disciplines.

(c) To initiate and participate in geophysical research programs, including those that depend upon international cooperation.

(d) To advance the various geophysical disciplines by scientific discussion, publication and dissemination of information, and by sponsorship of scientific and technical symposia, colloquia, and meetings.
AGU Committees
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Administrative Committees are responsible for those functions required for the overall performance or well‐being of AGU as an organization. These committees are Audit and Legal Affairs, Budget and Finance*, Development, Nominations*, Planning, Statutes and Bylaws*, Tellers.

Operating Committees are responsible for the policy direction and operational oversight of AGU's primary programs. The Operating Committees are Education and Human Resources, Fellows*, Information Technology, International Participation*, Meetings, Public Affairs, Public Information, Publications*.
Become an AGU Supporting Member
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

You can extend your commitment to the continuing vitality .of geophysics by helping AGU to build funds that will provide for new initiatives and assist in funding some of the nonrevenue programs of AGU, such as the congressional science fellowship, minority student scholarships, and student travel grants. The AGU Development Committee is seeking gifts and contributions toward building the endowment of the Union: The vitality of AGU and the vitality of geophysics march hand in hand.

Four categories of supporting membership are offered by the Union: Individual Supporting Member ($80 per year), Life Supporting Member ($1500), Sustaining Member ($5000), Benefactor ($10,000). Benefactors, Sustaining, and Life Supporting Members pay no further dues.
Positions adopted by the Union
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Geophysical Union recommends that the U.S. take the initiative amongst nations to establish an international observing system which, in conjunction with an active research program, will allow scientists to understand natural and anthropogenic changes in the Earth's environment and the global‐scale forces that control them. Results from such a program will improve the assessment and prediction of natural disasters and climatic changes, may permit the prevention of some anthropogenic climatic changes, and will enhance the wise use of natural resources. Participation by all nations in both the space and ground‐based activities of this Planet Earth Initiative (PEI) should be encouraged. Special attention should be given to eliciting the cooperation of the U.S.S.R. in the initiation of this program.
NRC Grants for Federal Research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council is accepting applications for the 1989 Resident, Cooperative, and Postdoctoral Research Associateship Programs in science and engineering. NRC administers the awards for 30 federal agencies and research institutions, which have 115 participating laboratories in the U.S.

About 450 new full‐time Associateships will be given for research in biological, health, behaviorial sciences and biotechnology; chemistry; Earth and atmospheric sciences; engineering and applied sciences; mathematics; physics; and space and planetary sciences. Most of the programs are open to recent Ph.D.s and senior investigators and to citizens of the U.S. and other countries. More than 5500 scientists have received Associateships since the programs began in 1954.
EPA underwrites technology transfer
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Environmental Protection Agency will establish a multi‐million dollar corporation at the University of Pittsburgh that will aim to speed up the commercial development of environmental technology. The National Environmental Technology Applications Corporation (NETAC) will be responsible for identifying promising projects underway around the country and helping usher techniques and products into the marketplace.

According to EPA administrator Lee Thomas, “NETAC will be a positive force for changing the way government and industry work together in the environmental area. It will provide a new approach that will effectively increase the transfer of pollution control technologies among environmental decision‐makers in both government and industry.“
Science honors program expanded
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Department of Energy's High School Honors Program, designed to give firsthand research experience to the nation's best science students, has been expanded to include seven DOE laboratories and more than 350 students. A program in ecology at the DOE Pacific Northwest Laboratory will be added to the six existing laboratory programs.

“This program has been so successful, both for the DOE scientists and the students who have participated, I am delighted to add the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to the program,” said Secretary of Energy John Herrington.
Planetary atmospheres
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration solicits for its Planetary Atmospheres Program proposals for basic research to understand the general properties, origins and evolution of the neutral and ionized atmospheres of planets, their satellites, and comets.

The program's broad objectives include determination of compositions and chemical behaviors of planetary atmospheres; sources of and mechanisms for deposition of energy; characterization and understanding of dynamical processes; and relationships between currently observed properties and states of matter and the chemical abundances, physical conditions and processes that prevailed at the time the planets formed. Not included in the scope of the program are investigations of the terrestrial atmosphere or of astrophysical issues, although such topics can be subordinate elements of planetary atmosphere research aimed at comparative studies.
Physics olympiad
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Five high school physics students will represent the U.S. at the 20th International Physics Olympiad, July 14–25 in Warsaw, Poland. The Olympiad has been held annually since 1967; this is the fourth year the U.S. will compete. The American Association of Physics Teachers administers the U.S. program; AGU is a principal sponsoring organization of the Olympiad, as is the American Institute of Physics.

The students are Derrick Bass, North Miami Beach High School, Miami Beach, Fla.; Steven Gubser, Cherry Creek High School, Englewood, Colo.; Jason Jacobs, Baldwin Senior High School, Baldwin, N.Y.; Jessica Millar, West High School, Madison, Wise; and James Sarvis, Thomas Jefferson High School, Alexandria, Va.
U.S. wins 1989 physics olympiad
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Steven Gubser, a high school student from Englewood, Colo., took first place at the 1989 International Physics Olympiad, held July 14–25 in Warsaw, Poland. His score of 4613 points out of a possible 50 was tops among 150 competitors from 30 countries. The competition consists of a 5‐hour theoretical examination for 60% of the score a n d a 5‐hour experimental exam for 40%.

Two other U.S. team members won bronze medals: Jason Jacobs of Baldwin, N.Y., and James Sarvis of Alexandria, Va. The U.S. team had 20 students; five went to Warsaw as team repressentatives, including Jessica Millar of Madison, Wise, the youngest competitor (see “Physics Olympiad,” Eos, July 4, page 690). Team members are selected from the hundreds of high school students who are nominated in November for the first qualifying exam.