bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytic model for off-axis GRB afterglow images – geometry measurement and implications for measuring H0
Authors: Govreen-Segal Taya , Nakar Ehud
Published: June 2023

We present an analytic model for measuring the jet core angle (θc) and viewing angle (θobs) of off-axis gamma-ray bursts independently of the jet angular structure outside of the core. We model the images of off-axis jets, and using this model, we show that θobs and θc can be measured using any two of the three following observables: the afterglow light curve, the flux-centroid motion, and the image width. The model is calibrated using 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with a broad range of jet angular structures. We study the systematic errors due to the uncertainty in the jet structure and find that when using the light curve and centroid motion to determine θobs and θc, our formulae can be accurate to a level of 5–10 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively. In light of the Hubble tension, the systematic error in cos θobs in GRBs originating in a binary compact object merger is of special interest. We find that the systematic uncertainty on the measurement of cos θobs due to the unknown jet structure is smaller than 1.5 per cent for well-observed events. A similar error is expected if the microphysical parameters evolve at a level that is not easily detected by the light curve. Our result implies that this type of systematic uncertainty will not prevent measurement of H0 to a level of 2 per cent with a sample of well-observed GW events with resolved afterglow image motion. Applying our model to the light curve and centroid motion observations of GW170817, we find $\theta _{obs}=19.2\pm 2~\deg$ (1σ) and $\theta _c=1.5-4~\deg$.
A data compression and optimal galaxy weights scheme for Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and weak lensing data sets
Authors: Ruggeri Rossana , Blake Chris , DeRose Joseph , Garcia-Quintero C , Hadzhiyska B , Ishak M , Jeffrey N , Joudaki S , Krolewski Alex , Lange J U , Leauthaud A , Porredon A , Rossi G , Saulder C , Xhakaj E , Brooks D , Dhungana G , de la Macorra A , Doel P , Gontcho S Gontcho A , Kremin A , Landriau M , Miquel R , Poppett C , Prada F , Tarlé Gregory ,   (DESI Collaboration)
Published: June 2023

Combining different observational probes, such as galaxy clustering and weak lensing, is a promising technique for unveiling the physics of the Universe with upcoming dark energy experiments. The galaxy redshift sample from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will have a significant overlap with major ongoing imaging surveys specifically designed for weak lensing measurements: the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. In this work, we analyse simulated redshift and lensing catalogues to establish a new strategy for combining high-quality cosmological imaging and spectroscopic data, in view of the first-year data assembly analysis of DESI. In a test case fitting for a reduced parameter set, we employ an optimal data compression scheme able to identify those aspects of the data that are most sensitive to cosmological information and amplify them with respect to other aspects of the data. We find this optimal compression approach is able to preserve all the information related to the growth of structures.
Accretion disc backflow in resistive MHD simulations
Authors: Mishra R , Čemeljić M , Kluźniak W
Published: June 2023

We investigate accretion onto a central star, with the size, rotation rate, and magnetic dipole of a young stellar object, to study the flow pattern (velocity and density) of the fluid within and outside of the disc. We perform resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of thin discs, varying the parameters such as the stellar rotation rate and (anomalous) coefficients of viscosity and resistivity in the disc. To provide a benchmark for the results and to compare them with known analytic results, we also perform purely hydrodynamic (HD) simulations for the same problem. Although obtained for different situations with differing inner boundary condition, the disc structure in the HD simulations closely follows the analytic solution of Kluzniak and Kita – in particular, a region of ‘mid-plane’ backflow exists in the right range of radii, depending on the viscosity parameter. In the MHD solutions, whenever the magnetic Prandtl number does not exceed a certain critical value, the mid-plane backflow exists throughout the accretion disc, extending all the way down to the foot point of the accretion funnel flow where the disc transitions to a magnetic funnel flow. For values of the magnetic Prandtl number close to the critical value the backflow and the inner disc undergo a quasi-periodic radial oscillation, otherwise the backflow is steady, as is the disc solution. From our results, supplemented by our reading of the literature, we suggest that mid-plane backflow is a real, physical, and not only numerical feature of at least some accretion discs.
Proteomics of adjacent-to-tumor samples uncovers clinically relevant biological events in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Hongwen , Lin Youpei , Lu Dayun , Wang Shisheng , Liu Yuejia , Dong Liangqing , Meng Qian , Gao Jing , Wang Yuqiu , Song Nixue , Suo Yuying , Ding Li , Wang Pei , Zhang Bing , Gao Daming , Fan Jia , Gao Qiang , Zhou Hu
Published: June 2023

Normal adjacent tissues (NATs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differ from healthy liver tissues and their heterogeneity may contain biological information associated with disease occurrence and clinical outcome that has yet to be fully evaluated at the proteomic level. This study provides a detailed description of the heterogeneity of NATs and the differences between NATs and healthy livers and revealed that molecular features of tumor subgroups in HCC were partially reflected in their respective NATs. Proteomic data classified HCC NATs into two subtypes (Subtypes 1 and 2), and Subtype 2 was associated with poor prognosis and high-risk recurrence. The pathway and immune features of these two subtypes were characterized. Proteomic differences between the two NAT subtypes and healthy liver tissues were further investigated using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, revealing the early molecular alterations associated with the progression from healthy livers to NATs. This study provides a high-quality resource for HCC researchers and clinicians and may significantly expand the knowledge of tumor NATs to eventually benefit clinical practice.
Successful Treatment of Persistent Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection With Extended-Duration Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Among Outpatients With Hematologic Cancer
Authors: Liu Catherine , Yoke Leah H , Bhattacharyya Pooja , Cassaday Ryan D , Cheng Guang-Shing , Escobar Zahra Kassamali , Ghiuzeli Cristina , McCulloch Denise J , Pergam Steven A , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Tverdek Frank , Schiffer Joshua T , Ford Emily S
Published: June 2023

Persistent symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a distinct clinical entity among patients with hematologic cancer and/or profound immunosuppression. The optimal medical management is unknown. We describe 2 patients who had symptomatic COVID-19 for almost 6 months and were successfully treated in the ambulatory setting with extended courses of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir.
PUB25 and PUB26 dynamically modulate ICE1 stability via differential ubiquitination during cold stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Xiaoyan , Song Chun-Peng , Gong Zhizhong , Yang Shuhua , Ding Yanglin
Published: June 2023

Ubiquitination modulates protein turnover or activity depending on the number and location of attached ubiquitin (Ub) moieties. Proteins marked by a lysine 48 (K48)–linked polyubiquitin chain are usually targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation; however, other polyubiquitin chains, such as those attached to K63, usually regulate other protein properties. Here, we show that 2 PLANT U-BOX E3 ligases, PUB25 and PUB26, facilitate both K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of the transcriptional regulator INDUCER OF C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) during different periods of cold stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), thus dynamically modulating ICE1 stability. Moreover, PUB25 and PUB26 attach both K48- and K63-linked Ub chains to MYB15 in response to cold stress. However, the ubiquitination patterns of ICE1 and MYB15 mediated by PUB25 and PUB26 differ, thus modulating their protein stability and abundance during different stages of cold stress. Furthermore, ICE1 interacts with and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of MYB15, resulting in an upregulation of CBF expression. This study unravels a mechanism by which PUB25 and PUB26 add different polyubiquitin chains to ICE1 and MYB15 to modulate their stability, thereby regulating the timing and degree of cold stress responses in plants.
Tracking and blocking interdependencies of cellular BRAF-MEK oncokinase activities
Authors: Fleischmann Jakob , Schwaighofer Selina , De Falco Louis , Enzler Florian , Feichtner Andreas , Kugler Valentina , Tschaikner Philipp , Huber Roland G , Stefan Eduard
Published: June 2023

The selective targeting of mutated kinases in cancer therapies has the potential to improve therapeutic success and thereby the survival of patients. In the case of melanoma, the constitutively active MAPK pathway is targeted by a combinatorial inhibition of BRAF and MEK activities. These MAPK pathway players may display patient-specific differences in the onco-kinase mutation spectrum, which needs to be considered for the design of more efficient personalized therapies. Here, we extend a bioluminescence-based kinase conformation biosensor (KinCon) to allow for live-cell tracking of interconnected kinase activity states. First, we show that common MEK1 patient mutations promote a structural rearrangement of the kinase to an opened and active conformation. This effect was reversible by the binding of MEK inhibitors to mutated MEK1, as shown in biosensor assays and molecular dynamics simulations. Second, we implement a novel application of the KinCon technology for tracking the simultaneous, vertical targeting of the two functionally linked kinases BRAF and MEK1. Thus, we demonstrate that, in the presence of constitutively active BRAF-V600E, specific inhibitors of both kinases are efficient in driving MEK1 into a closed, inactive conformation state. We compare current melanoma treatments and show that combinations of BRAFi and MEKi display a more pronounced structural change of the drug sensor than the respective single agents, thereby identifying synergistic effects among these drug combinations. In summary, we depict the extension of the KinCon biosensor technology to systematically validate, anticipate, and personalize tailored drug arrangements using a multiplexed setup.
Mapping moral language on US presidential primary campaigns reveals rhetorical networks of political division and unity
Authors: Hackenburg Kobi , Brady William J , Tsakiris Manos
Published: June 2023

During political campaigns, candidates use rhetoric to advance competing visions and assessments of their country. Research reveals that the moral language used in this rhetoric can significantly influence citizens’ political attitudes and behaviors; however, the moral language actually used in the rhetoric of elites during political campaigns remains understudied. Using a data set of every tweet (N=139,412) published by 39 US presidential candidates during the 2016 and 2020 primary elections, we extracted moral language and constructed network models illustrating how candidates’ rhetoric is semantically connected. These network models yielded two key discoveries. First, we find that party affiliation clusters can be reconstructed solely based on the moral words used in candidates’ rhetoric. Within each party, popular moral values are expressed in highly similar ways, with Democrats emphasizing careful and just treatment of individuals and Republicans emphasizing in-group loyalty and respect for social hierarchies. Second, we illustrate the ways in which outsider candidates like Donald Trump can separate themselves during primaries by using moral rhetoric that differs from their parties’ common language. Our findings demonstrate the functional use of strategic moral rhetoric in a campaign context and show that unique methods of text network analysis are broadly applicable to the study of campaigns and social movements.
Policing the blank page movement: Insights from policing students, as a cohort of representatives of Generation Z
Authors: Turner Allison
Published: June 2023

Police decisions to arrest and disperse protestors, displaying anti monarch rhetoric during the funeral cortege of Queen Elizabeth ii, has questioned the right to freedom of expression under the Human Rights Act 1998. This presents a potential problem around public perception of police impartiality. This paper utilises an online questionnaire, with the aim of establishing views of youths aged 18 to 23 years old, as a sample of Generation Z, around police actions at the scene. It reviews whether restrictions towards freedom of speech, have negatively impacted upon perceptions of police impartiality. The hypothesis is that the participants will perceive freedom of speech as highly important, with restrictions to this right, damaging the concept of police impartiality. Findings highlight how participants acknowledge the importance of freedom of speech for democracy. However, there was doubt shown around whether police actions which appeared to restrict this right, impacted upon police impartiality.
The exposure of mom-influencers on social media: a potential threat to public health awareness
Authors: Rangka Itsar Bolo , Hidayah Nur , Ramli M , Aminah Siti
Published: June 2023

The potential threat to public health awareness posed by mom-influencers on social media must be taken into account. In the meantime, the concept of fostering partnerships between health experts, the government and mom-influencers must be made accessible in order to promote the immediate availability of appropriate, accurate and trustworthy information to the public and adequate health education practices.
Back to culture: don’t let technoference in parenting take place
Authors: Novianti Ria , Mahdum Mahdum , Suarman Suarman , Elmustian Elmustian , Rusandi M Arli
Published: June 2023

Technoference, the interference caused by excessive use of digital devices, has been shown to negatively impact parent–child relationships and children’s emotional development. This paper explores the potential of Riau Malay culture, one of Indonesia’s indigenous cultures, to offer solutions to the problem of technoference in parenting. Parents can establish closeness, develop their children’s potential, and transmit cultural values by returning to cultural values and integrating the principles found in Tunjuk Ajar Melayu or Malay teachings. This approach ultimately contributes to the well-being of families and communities, fostering stronger emotional connections and supporting children’s healthy development in the digital era.
Risk of partial school closure for COVID-19 by socio-economic level in the period 2020–22
Authors: Pericas Carles , Avcii Gülcan , Baena-Díez José M , Domínguez Àngela , Toledo Diana , Redondo Ana , Vilaplana-Carnerero Carles , Grau María
Published: June 2023

Background

The objective was to analyse the risk of partial school closure by economic level in Barcelona city.

Methods

In this ecological study, the risk of partial school closure for the academic years 2020–21 and 2021–22 was estimated by dividing the total number of days that each child was in quarantine or isolation by the total number of days that each child was at risk to be in quarantine or isolation in the academic year. The association between partial school closure risk and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho.

Results

The lower the mean income, the higher the risk of partial closure (Spearman rho = 0.83; P-value = 0.003) during the academic year 2020–21. Specifically, the children from the district with the lowest income had a six times greater risk of partial school closure compared with those from the highest-income district. This risk did not show a significant socioeconomic gradient in the academic year 2021–22.

Conclusions

The risk of partial school closure presented an inverse socioeconomic gradient in the city of Barcelona according to average income by district in the academic year 2020–21. This distribution was not observed in the academic year 2021–22.
The preferences of farmers and non-farming citizens for farm catastrophic risk management policy alternatives
Authors: Valtiala Juho , Niskanen Olli , Pouta Eija , Tienhaara Annika
Published: June 2023

Economic risks for farmers have increased during recent years due to various factors such as more extreme climate conditions and the volatility of agricultural markets. We analysed the preferences of Finnish farmers and non-farming citizens concerning catastrophic risk management policies in agriculture based on a survey addressed to both groups. Respondents were asked to rank their preferences regarding who should bear the costs from various disasters occurring on farms. Farmers and non-farming citizens did not prefer a single cost bearer for all risks, but they generally preferred either society or farmers’ insurance to bear the costs. The results indicate that citizens generally accept public spending on agricultural risk management, either through some ex post disaster aid or through subsidised insurance. Farmers’ preferences were generally aligned with those of non-farmers.
Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program
Authors: Bailey Martha J , Hoynes Hilary , Rossin-Slater Maya , Walker Reed
Published: June 2023

We use novel, large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resources affects children's long-term outcomes. Using the 2000 Census and 2001–13 American Community Survey linked to the Social Security Administration's NUMIDENT, we leverage the county-level rollout of the Food Stamps program between 1961 and 1975. We find that children with access to greater economic resources before age five have better outcomes as adults. The treatment-on-the-treated effects show a 6% of a standard deviation improvement in human capital, 3% of a standard deviation increase in economic self-sufficiency, 8% of a standard deviation increase in the quality of neighbourhood of residence, a 1.2-year increase in life expectancy, and a 0.5 percentage-point decrease in likelihood of being incarcerated. These estimates suggest that Food Stamps’ transfer of resources to families is a highly cost-effective investment in young children, yielding a marginal value of public funds of approximately sixty-two.
Cardiovascular risk in myositis patients compared with the general population
Authors: Oreska Sabina , Storkanova Hana , Pekacova Aneta , Kudlicka Jaroslav , Tuka Vladimir , Mikes Ondrej , Krupickova Zdislava , Satny Martin , Chytilova Eva , Kvasnicka Jan , Spiritovic Maja , Hermankova Barbora , Cesak Petr , Rybar Marian , Pavelka Karel , Senolt Ladislav , Mann Herman , Vencovsky Jiri , Vrablik Michal , Tomcik Michal
Published: June 2023

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) compared with healthy controls (HC) and to assess its association with disease-specific features.

Methods

Ninety IIM patients and 180 age-/sex-matched HC were included. Subjects with a history of CV disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular/peripheral arterial vascular events) were excluded. All participants were prospectively recruited and underwent examinations of carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and body composition. The risk of fatal CV events was evaluated by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and its modifications.

Results

Compared with HC, IIM patients had a significantly higher prevalence of traditional CV risk factors, carotid artery disease (CARD), abnormal ABI and PWV. After propensity score matching (using traditional CV risk factors), the prevalence of CARD and pathological PWV remained significantly higher in IIM than HC. No significant difference in SCORE was observed. The most unfavourable CV risk profile was observed in patients with necrotizing myopathy, especially in statin-induced anti-HMGCR+ patients. The calculated CV risk scores by SCORE, SCORE2 and SCORE multiplied by the coefficient 1.5 (mSCORE) were reclassified according to CIMT and the presence of carotid plaques. SCORE was demonstrated to be most inaccurate in predicting CV risk in IIM. Age, disease activity, lipid profile, body composition parameters and blood pressure were the most significant predictors of CV risk in IIM patients.

Conclusion

Significantly higher prevalence of traditional risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis was observed in IIM patients compared with HC.
Age-related differences in interference control in the context of a finger-lifting task: an fMRI study
Authors: Riva Federica , Pronizius Ekaterina , Lenger Melanie , Kronbichler Martin , Silani Giorgia , Lamm Claus
Published: June 2023

Humans tend to automatically imitate others and their actions while also being able to control such imitative tendencies. Interference control, necessary to suppress own imitative tendencies, develops rapidly in childhood and adolescence, plateaus in adulthood and slowly declines with advancing age. It remains to be shown though which neural processes underpin these differences across the lifespan. In a cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study with three age groups (adolescents (ADs) 14–17 years, young adults (YAs) 21–31, older adults (OAs) 56–76, N = 91 healthy female participants), we investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of interference control in the context of automatic imitation using the finger-lifting task. ADs showed the most efficient interference control, while no significant differences emerged between YAs and OAs, despite OAs showing longer reaction times. On the neural level, all age groups showed engagement of the right temporoparietal junction, right supramarginal gyrus and bilateral insula, aligning well with studies previously using this task. However, our analyses did not reveal any age-related differences in brain activation, neither in these nor in other areas. This suggests that ADs might have a more efficient use of the engaged brain networks and, on the other hand, OAs’ capacity for interference control and the associated brain functions might be largely preserved.
European industrial policy for the green and digital revolution
Authors: Terzi Alessio , Sherwood Monika , Singh Aneil
Published: June 2023

The urgent need to accelerate on, and make a national success of, the green and digital transition is leading to widespread calls for greater government involvement in the economy, including by means of an active industrial policy. After reviewing several case studies, it becomes evident that, against conventional wisdom, nearly all countries have systematically engaged in some form of industrial policy, especially large economies like the USA and China, notwithstanding their very different economic models. The same is true for Europe, both at the national level and through European Union policies. After analysing these experiences, we draw six key policy lessons to inform future debates on how to shape a successful industrial policy in the years to come and mitigate its risks, while acting in a context of souring geopolitical tensions.
The globalization of science diplomacy in the early 1970s: a historical exploration
Authors: Robinson Sam , Adamson Matthew , Barrett Gordon , Jacobsen Lif Lund , Turchetti Simone , Homei Aya , Marton Péter , Aronowsky Leah , Choudry Iqra , Gärdebo Johan , Hyun Jaehwan , Ienna Gerardo , Kinyanjui Carringtone , Martínez-Rius Beatriz , Mascarello Júlia , Olsakova Doubravka , Rispoli Giulia , Zaidi Waqar
Published: June 2023

The early 1970s brought fundamental transitions in international scientific collaboration that significantly affected the international relations in global patterns that are still relevant today. This article uses a multi-perspective approach to argue that the underlying condition for the globalization of science diplomacy was the increasing participation of recently independent countries in international technoscientific affairs, examining critical research areas, including space exploration, oceanography, nuclear technoscience, the environmental sciences, and health and population studies. Themes emerged at that time that continue to characterize what we term ‘Global Science Diplomacy’: multipolarity, resistance and agency, lack of global consensus, regional alliances and interests, and the centrality of the United Nations system to the conduct of transnational science. This survey is a first step in historical reflection on this phenomenon and shows that it was the emergence of the Global South in Science Diplomacy affairs that made Science Diplomacy global at the beginning of the 1970s.
Assessment of the effect of mindfulness monotherapy on sexual dysfunction symptoms and sex-related quality of life in women
Authors: Jąderek Izabela , Obarska Katarzyna , Lew-Starowicz Michał
Published: June 2023

Background

Mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs) are frequently used in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. So far, there has not been sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of interventions based on mindfulness monotherapy.

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of mindfulness monotherapy on the reduction of sexual dysfunction symptoms and sex-related quality of life.

Methods

We conducted 4 weeks of MBT for 2 groups of heterosexual females: 1 with psychogenic sexual dysfunction (WSD) and 1 with no sexual dysfunction (NSD). Overall 93 women were recruited for the study. We collected data via an online survey regarding sexual satisfaction, sexual dysfunctions, and mindfulness-related features at baseline, 1 week after MBT, and follow-up 12 weeks after MBT. Research tools included the Female Sexual Function Index, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire.

Outcomes

Participating in the mindfulness program had a positive effect on women with and without sexual dysfunction.

Results

The overall risk for sexual dysfunction decreased from 90.6% at baseline to 46.7% at follow-up in the WSD group and from 32.5% at baseline to 6.9% at follow-up in the NSD group. Participants in the WSD group reported a significant increase in levels of sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm between measurements, although not in the pain domain. Participants in the NSD group reported a significant increase in the level of sexual desire between measurements but not in levels of arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain. A significant increase in sex-related quality of life was observed in both groups.

Clinical Implications

The results of the study have a chance to translate into an introduction of a new therapeutic program for specialists and more effective help offered to women experiencing sexual dysfunctions.

Strengths and Limitations

This mindfulness monotherapy research project, which included assessment of meditation “homework,” is the first to verify the potential of MBT in reducing symptoms of psychogenic sexual dysfunctions among heterosexual females. Major limitations include the lack of randomization, an adequate control group, and a validated measure of sexual distress.

Conclusion

The applied training was beneficial in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions in terms of increasing desire and arousal as well as the ability to reach orgasm. However, this approach needs more investigation before it can be recommended in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. The study should be replicated under a more rigorous research design, including adequate control groups and random allocation of participants to study conditions.
SKIN NA+, K+ AND WATER BEFORE AND AFTER SURGICAL CURE OF HUMAN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Rossitto Giacomo , Torresan Francesca , Caputo Ilaria , Caroccia Brasilina , Bertoldi Giovanni , Rossi Federico Bernardo , Iacobone Maurizio , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Excess salt (sodium) intake is strongly associated with arterial hypertension (HT) in Primary aldosteronism (PA), the prototype of salt-dependent HT, which can be surgically cured with laparoscopic adrenalectomy. As recent evidences pointed to skin Na+ content as a key component of body sodium content, we investigated the effects of surgical cure of PA with adrenalectomy on the skin amount of Na+, K+, water and of Tonicity Enhancing Binding Protein (TonEBP), a transcription factor promoting neolymphoangiogenesis in the skin.

Design and Methods: We obtained skin biopsies in 35 consenting PA patients (40% women, age 56 ± 10 yrs) before and 1 month after surgical cure of PA patients with adrenalectomy. Na+, K+, and water content were measured by chemical-physical methods and TonEBP mRNA copy number by digital droplet PCR.

Results:

We found that the biopsies dry weight was higher in specimen obtained at surgery compared to those collected afterwards (p < 0.001) and showed a tight direct correlation with Na+, K+, and water content (all p < 0.01). After adjustment for specimen dry weight, skin K+ (1.14 ± 0.1 μg/mg before vs 2.81 ± 0.27 μg/mg after surgery, p < 0.001) and water content (2.92 ± 1.4 mg/mg before vs 3.85 ± 0.23 mg/mg after surgery, p < 0.001) increases after surgery, while skin Na+ content showed no changes. Increased Na+ and water drainage due to enhanced TonEBP mRNA copy number in PA could explain this unexpected observation.

Conclusion: A sizable cohort of surgically cured PA patients showed that PA is associated with skin K+ depletion which is corrected after surgical cure. At variance we found no evidence for a surgically correctable increased tissue Na+ content in PA patients. The prominent increase in the skin expression of the TonEBP mRNA, suggesting enhanced tissue Na+ and water drainage via enhanced lymphoangiogenesis in PA patients, can explain this lack of overt Na+ skin accumulation.
URIC ACID TO CREATININE RATIO AS A NOVEL PREDICTOR OF PREECLAMPSIA DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY
Authors: Piani Federica , Agnoletti Davide , Esposti Daniela Degli , Borghi Claudio
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. PE presents with new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation that can progress rapidly leading to serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. Thus, it is of crucial importance early identifying women at high-risk for PE as early as during the first trimester of pregnancy, to implement the appropriate management and therapeutic strategies. In our study we aimed to assess the associations between serum uric acid to creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr), the development of PE and PE-related maternal and neonatal complications.

Design and method:

We searched for uric acid and creatine values in the medical records of 269 pregnant women who attended our Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Clinic from December 2015 to December 2021. Two-hundreds and twelve women developed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and 57 had normotensive pregnancies. Of the 201 women with HDP, 112 were diagnosed with PE. After comparing baseline characteristics of the enrolled women, we performed logistic regression analysis models to assess the associations between SUA/Cr, development of PE, and PE-related maternal and neonatal complications.

Results:

Women who developed PE were more frequently nulliparous and had a higher rate of preterm delivery and maternal and neonatal complications, compared to women with HDP and healthy controls. Serum SUA/Cr was consistently higher in women with PE in all trimesters of pregnancy. Serum uric acid and creatinine alone were higher only during the third trimester in women with PE compared to women with HDP and healthy controls. Third trimester SUA/Cr was associated with an increased risk of developing PE (OR 1.29, CI 1.15 - 1.50, p = 0.001), of preterm birth (OR 1.23, CI 1.05 - 1.45, p = 0.011), and of a composite neonatal outcome (OR 1.33, CI 1.12 - 1.59, p = 0.001), after adjustment for age, BMI before pregnancy, nulliparity, hypertensive therapy, and acetylsalicylic acid therapy during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

In our study, women who develop PE had elevated SUA/Cr throughout all the trimesters. SUA/Cr at the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PE development and neonatal complications.
Haptic feedback during virtual reality training significantly improves First-Year orthopedic resident performance at tibia drilling: a randomized trial
Authors: Kanakamedala Ajay C. , Dankert John F. , Parola Rown , Egol Kenneth A. , Aggarwal Vinay K. , Lajam Claudette M.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Few studies have investigated whether haptic feedback improves the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) simulation. This study aimed to determine whether new orthopedic surgery residents trained on haptic feedback-enabled VR performed basic drilling better than residents who had trained on VR without haptic feedback.

Methods:

Fourteen first-year orthopedic surgery residents were enrolled and randomized into “haptic” or “non-haptic” groups and blinded to study goals and randomization. Residents participated in a VR tibia drilling simulation with haptic feedback either turned on or off and then performed a plastic resin tibia model drilling session where overdrill depth was measured by two raters blinded to study groups. Questionnaires were completed before and after the hands-on sessions with responses on a five-point Likert scale.

Results:

There were no significant differences in demographics between groups. Overdrill depth during the first trial was significantly less in the haptic group than the non-haptic group (3.9 mm vs. 6.0 mm, P=0.005). Subsequent trials showed no significant difference in mean overdrill depth between groups (P>0.05). Haptic group participants reported higher confidence in the safe use of surgical tools (4 vs. 3, P<0.01) and more simulation realism (4 vs. 3, P<0.01).

Conclusion:

VR training with haptic feedback significantly improves initial performance during use of a surgical drill through a tibia model compared to VR training without haptic feedback in first year orthopedic residents. The addition of haptic feedback also increases the perceived value, realism, and enjoyment of VR simulation.

Level of Evidence:

Level II.
Comparison of Colorado Needle Electrocautery and Traditional Scalpel for Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Incision: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Systematic Review
Authors: Pruksapong Chatchai , Jankajorn Suttisun , Burusapat Chairat , Wanichjaroen Nutthapong , Wongprakob Nuttadon , Techasatian Peeraya
Published: June 2023

Background:

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a popular aesthetic surgery. Electrocautery provides a hemostatic benefit for skin incision; however, its effect on scar cosmesis remains unclear, especially in Asian skin types. We aimed to compare the Colorado needle electrocautery pure cutting mode and the traditional scalpel to determine their efficacy, complications, and cosmetic outcomes.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed to review the outcome with the conventional method (scalpel) and other methods in upper blepharoplasty procedures. Further, a prospective intraindividual randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of Colorado needle electrocautery and the scalpel in upper blepharoplasty. Study outcomes included scar quality at different times until 1-year postoperation, bleeding during incision, and postoperative ecchymosis.

Results:

Five articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The prospective randomized controlled trial study included 30 patients; the average incisional time on the electrocautery side was significantly longer than that on the scalpel side, and the electrocautery side had less blood loss during incision than the scalpel side (2.4 versus 3.27 using average cotton bud sticks, respectively) (P < 0.001). Hypopigmented scarring occurred more frequently on the scalpel side; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Colorado needle electrocautery pure cutting mode can be an alternative to traditional scalpel for upper eyelid blepharoplasty skin incision because of long-term scar quality. Electrocautery use has hemostatic benefits, leading to a decrease in bleeding that can obscure the incision site. However, the incision time on the electrocautery side was significantly longer than the scalpel side, which may be owing to an adaptation of surgical technique.
Visual performance and subjective experience 3 months and 12 months after combined implantation of 2 new complementary continuous phase multifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: McNeely Richard N. , Stewart Stephen A. , Moore Jonathan E.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To assess the 3-month and 12-month postoperative visual performance and subjective quality of vision (QoV) after combined implantation of complementary continuous phase multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting:

Private practice, United Kingdom.

Design:

Case series.

Methods:

The study enrolled 44 patients undergoing phacoemulsification with implantation of an Artis Symbiose Mid in the dominant eye and an Artis Symbiose Plus in the nondominant eye. Refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), electronic reading desk, and a QoV questionnaire were evaluated at 3 months and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

The mean binocular UDVA was −0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR and −0.07 ± 0.06 logMAR at 3 months and 12 months (P = .097), respectively. The mean binocular UIVA was 0.03 ± 0.13 logMAR and 0.03 ± 0.10 logMAR (P = 1.0), respectively. The mean binocular UNVA was 0.07 ± 0.10 logMAR and 0.07 ± 0.08 logMAR (P = .875), respectively. There was a significant improvement in QoV for both day and night between 3 and 12 months, with a significant reduction in halos at 12 months. Spectacle independence was reported in 93.2% of cases at 12 months.

Conclusions:

The Artis Symbiose Mid and Plus IOL combined implantation provided an excellent range of uncorrected vision at 3 and 12 months. There was a significant improvement in QoV and less halos at 12 months. This IOL combination provided very high rates of complete spectacle independence.
Losartan in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in North America: An individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Di Stefano Leon , Ram Malathi , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Li Tianjing , Khanal Preeti , Baksh Sheriza N. , McBee Nichol , Bengtson Charles D. , Gadomski Anne , Geriak Matthew , Puskarich Michael A. , Salathe Matthias A. , Schutte Aletta E. , Tignanelli Christopher J. , Victory Jennifer , Bierer Barbara E. , Hanley Daniel F. , Freilich Daniel A. ,   on behalf of the Pandemic Response COVID-19 Research Collaboration Platform for ACEi/ARB Pooled Analyses
Published: June 2023

Background:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been hypothesized to benefit patients with COVID-19 via the inhibition of viral entry and other mechanisms. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis assessing the effect of starting the ARB losartan in recently hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

We searched ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2021 for U.S./Canada-based trials where an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ARB was a treatment arm, targeted outcomes could be extrapolated, and data sharing was allowed. Our primary outcome was a 7-point COVID-19 ordinal score measured 13 to 16 days post-enrollment. We analyzed data by fitting multilevel Bayesian ordinal regression models and standardizing the resulting predictions.

Results:

325 participants (156 losartan vs 169 control) from 4 studies contributed IPD. Three were randomized trials; one used non-randomized concurrent and historical controls. Baseline covariates were reasonably balanced for the randomized trials. All studies evaluated losartan. We found equivocal evidence of a difference in ordinal scores 13-16 days post-enrollment (model-standardized odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.76–1.71; adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CrI 0.15–3.59) and no compelling evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity among prespecified subgroups. Losartan had worse effects for those taking corticosteroids at baseline after adjusting for covariates (ratio of adjusted ORs 0.29, 95% CrI 0.08–0.99). Hypotension serious adverse event rates were numerically higher with losartan.

Conclusions:

In this IPD meta-analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we found no convincing evidence for the benefit of losartan versus control treatment, but a higher rate of hypotension adverse events with losartan.
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction to Infliximab Due to Mammalian Meat Allergy
Authors: González Polanco Esthermari , Borowitz Stephen
Published: June 2023

Mammalian meat allergy is a delayed immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated hypersensitivity reaction to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide present on glycoproteins and glycolipids of nonprimate mammals as well as biologic agents prepared using mammalian cells including infliximab. We describe a pediatric patient with Crohn’s disease who developed urticaria and pruritus roughly 6 hours after her very first infliximab infusion that progressed to chronic urticaria following subsequent infliximab infusions. She was diagnosed with mammalian meat allergy based on an elevated serum IgE level directed against alpha-gal. Her symptoms resolved once infliximab infusions were discontinued and did not recur after commencing therapy with adalimumab.
Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Duodenum Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Hao , Deng Yan , Liu Nan , Huang Jing , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2023

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma of the duodenum is a relatively uncommon entity tumor. We report a case of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in a 21-year-old woman. She complained of abdomen pain and melena. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed an intense uptake by the duodenum mass along with multiple FDG-avid enlarged lymph nodes in the mesentery, which was pathologically proven as extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma.
The Importance of Imaging in the Assessment of Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Sneider Michael B. , Kershaw Corey D.
Published: June 2023

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an essential component of the diagnosis and assessment of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In some cases, a diagnosis of ILD can be made solely based on a multidisciplinary discussion of HRCT findings and clinical evaluation. HRCT findings also inform prognosis and may influence treatment decisions. It is essential that high-quality HRCT images are obtained using parameters for optimum spatial resolution. Key terms used to describe HRCT findings should be used consistently among clinicians. Radiologic information should be included as part of the multidisciplinary discussion of patients with ILDs during follow-up.
A Novel Technique for Resection and Reconstruction of the Temporomandibular Joint by Sliding Vertical Ramus Osteotomy using Only Submandibular Approach
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Yingtong , Sun Xiumei , Chen Kai , Pang Wanyu , Gao Yisu , Zhu Zihe , Wu Guomin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an innovative technique for resection and reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint by sliding vertical ramus osteotomy using only a submandibular approach is presented. Before pulling the posterior mandibular border slightly downward to expose parts of the condyle, the vertical ramus osteotomy was performed. With the help of 3D simulation and surgical templates, the condylectomy was carried out using the ultrasonic osteotome through the submandibular approach. Our technique achieved the desired results while preventing complications of facial nerve paralysis, the occurrence of Frey syndrome, and the preauricular scar. Therefore, we suggest that this surgical method represents an alternative treatment option for temporomandibular joint lesions.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Standard Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesis and Screw Arrangement Optimization: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Luzhu , Qin Haiyi , Abdelrehem Ahmed , He Dongmei
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective:

Artificial total joint replacement is an important method of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction, which has been advocated for TMJ osteoarthrosis, ankylosis, tumors, and other diseases. We designed one type of standard TMJ prosthesis fit for Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the biomechanical behavior of the standard TMJ prosthesis using finite element analysis and selects an optimal screw arrangement scheme for clinical application.

Materials and Methods:

A female volunteer was recruited for a maxillofacial computed tomography scan, then the Hypermesh software was used to establish a finite element model of a mandibular condyle defect repaired with an artificial TMJ prosthesis. An advanced universal finite element program software was used to calculate the stress and deformation under a simulated maximum bite force loading. Also, the forces of screws under different numbers and arrangements were analyzed. Meanwhile, we designed an experiment to verify the calculation model.

Results:

The average maximum stress of the fossa component of the standard prosthesis model was 19.25 MPa. The average maximum stress of the condyle component was 82.58 MPa, mainly concentrated near the top row hole. The fossa component should be fixed with at least 3 screws, and the optimal number of screws was 4. The condyle component should be fixed with at least 4 screws, and its optimal number was 6. The best scheme of screw arrangement was determined. The results of the verification experiment showed that the analysis was reliable.

Conclusions:

The stress distribution of the standard TMJ prosthesis is uniform, meanwhile, the number and arrangement of the screws significantly affect the contact force of the screws.
CIRC_0091822 CONTRIBUTES TO THE PROLIFERATION, INVASION, AND MIGRATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS UNDER OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN TREATMENT
Authors: Sun Hu , Huang Xiaoyuan , Hong Shichai
Published: June 2023

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to mediate atherosclerosis (AS) process by regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function. However, whether circ_0091822 mediates VSMCs function to regulate AS process is unclear. Methods: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to treat VSMCs for constructing AS cell models. Vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, invasion, and migration were examined by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, and wound healing assay. Protein expression was tested by western blot analysis. The expression of circ_0091822, microRNA (miR)-339-5p, and blocking of proliferation 1 (BOP1) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. RNA interaction was examined using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. Results: Ox-LDL treatment enhanced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration. Circ_0091822 was overexpressed in the serum of AS patients and ox-LDL–induced VSMCs. Circ_0091822 knockdown inhibited ox-LDL–induced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration. Circ_0091822 sponged miR-339-5p, and miR-339-5p inhibitor reversed the function of circ_0091822 knockdown. MiR-339-5p targeted BOP1, and BOP1 also reversed the repressing effect of miR-339-5p on ox-LDL–induced VSMCs functions. Circ_0091822/miR-339-5p/BOP1 axis promoted the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Circ_0091822 might be a therapeutic target for AS, which facilitated ox-LDL–induced VSMCs proliferation, invasion, and migration through modulating miR-339-5p/BOP1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.