bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вплив домішки олова на рекомбінаційні характеристики n-кремнію при γ-опроміненні
Authors: Красько М.М.
Published: December 2021

Експериментально досліджено та проаналізовано вплив ізовалентної домішки олова на зміну часу життя нерівноважних носіїв заряду в опроміненому γ-квантами 60Со n-Si, вирощеному за методом Чохральського (Cz). Виявлено, що поведінка часу життя в γ-опроміненому n-Si з Sn визначається вихідною концентрацією вільних електронів (n0). Показано, що із збільшенням концентрації олова константа деградації часу життя(kτ) зменшується у низькоомному і збільшується у високоомному n-Sі. Це пояснюється конкуренцією між основними центрами рекомбінації в n-Si з Sn-комплексами VО і SnV. Визначено співвідношення констант реакцій утворення дефектів SnV і VО, а також поперечні перерізи захоплення дірок одно- і двозарядними акцепторними станами SnV.
General Properties of Higher-Spin Fermion Interaction Currents and Their Test in πN-Scattering
Authors: Kulish Yu.V. , Rybachuk E.V.
Published: December 2021

The currents of higher-spin fermion interactions with zero- and half-spin particles are derived. They can be used for the N*(J) ↔ Nπ-transitions (N*(J) is thenucleon resonance with the J spin). In accordance with the theorem on currents and fields, the spin-tensors of these currents are traceless, and their products with the γ-matrices and the higher-spin fermion momentum vanish, similarly to the field spin-tensors. Such currents are derived explicitly for J=3/2and 5/2. It is shown that, in the present approach, the scale dimension of a higher spin fermion propagator equals to –1 for any J ≥ 1/2. The calculations indicate that the off-mass-shell N* contributions to the s-channel amplitudes correspond to J = JπN only ( JπN is the total angular momentum of the πN-system). As contrast, in the usually exploited approaches, such non-zero amplitudes correspond to 1/2 ≤  JπN ≤ J. In particular, the usually exploited approaches give non-zero off-mass-shell contributions of the ∆(1232)-resonance to the amplitudes S31, P31( JπN = 1/2) and P33, D33(JπN = 3/2), but our approach – to P33 and D33 only. The comparison of these results with the data of the partial wave analysis on the S31-amplitude in the ∆(1232)-region shows the better agreement for the present approach.
Variation in Dexamethasone Dosing and Use Outcomes for Inpatient Croup
Authors: Tyler Amy , Bryan Mersine A. , Zhou Chuan , Mangione-Smith Rita , Williams Derek , Johnson David P. , Kenyon Chén C. , Rasooly Irit , Neubauer Hannah C. , Wilson Karen M.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the association between dexamethasone dosing and outcomes for children hospitalized with croup.

METHODS

This study was nested within a multisite prospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years admitted to 1 of 5 US children’s hospitals between July 2014 and June /2016. Multivariable linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the association between the number of dexamethasone doses (1 vs >1) and outcomes (length of stay [LOS], cost, and 30-day same-cause reuse). All multivariable analyses included a site-specific random effect to account for clustering within hospital and were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, presenting severity, medical complexity, insurance, caregiver education, and hospital. In cost analyses, we controlled for LOS.

RESULTS

Among 234 children hospitalized with croup, patient characteristics did not differ by number of doses. The proportion receiving >1 dose varied by hospital (range 27.9%–57.1%). In adjusted analyses, >1 dose was not associated with same-cause reuse (odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26 to 2.95]) but was associated with 45% longer LOS (relative risk = 1.45 [95% CI: 1.30 to 1.62]). When we controlled for LOS, >1 dose was not associated with differential cost ($−31.2 [95% CI $−424.4 to $362.0]). Eighty-two (35%) children received dexamethasone before presentation.

CONCLUSIONS

We found significant interhospital variation in dexamethasone dosing and LOS. When we controlled for severity on presentation, >1 dexamethasone dose was associated with longer LOS but not reuse. Although incomplete adjustment for severity is one possible explanation, some providers may routinely keep children hospitalized to administer multiple dexamethasone doses.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Biomarker’s Source for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sansores-España Luis Daniel , Morales Francisca , Arriola-Pacheco Fabio , Astorga Jessica , Paula-Lima Andrea , Carrillo-Ávila Arelly , Melgar-Rodríguez Samanta , Martínez-Aguilar Víctor , Díaz-Zúñiga Jaime
Published: November 2021

Periodontitis is a low-grade inflammatory disease caused by a subgingival dysbiotic microbiota. Multiple studies have determined the higher prevalence of tooth loss and poor oral hygiene in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the periodontal diagnosis, periodontal bacteria or mediators has not been measured to date. Aim: To determine the periodontal status, the pro-inflammatory mediators, Porphyromonas gingivalis load, and Apoliporpotein E (ApoE) in patients with AD. A complete dental examination was performed on 30 patients, and cognitive status was determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Subgingival microbiota and GCF samples were then taken from all patients from the deepest sites. Total DNA was isolated from the microbiota samples for the quantification of the 16S ribosomal subunit. Pro-inflammatory mediators and ApoE were quantified from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Patients with AD had periodontitis stage III-IV in 80%, a higher concentration of pro-inflammatory and ApoE mediators, and a higher P. gingivalis load compared to healthy subjects. The pro-inflammatory mediators, P. gingivalis load had a negative correlation with the MoCA test scores. Finally, a ROC curve was performed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of ApoE levels, detecting an area of 84.9%. In AD patients, we found a more severe periodontitis, a higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, and higher bacterial load. In addition, there is an increase in ApoE that allows to clearly determine patients with health, periodontitis and periodontitis and AD.
Operational characteristics of a machine-tractor unit for direct sowing of barley using the JD LINK telematics system
Authors: Tihanov G. , Hristova G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. A study has been conducted for some operational indicators of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) for direct sowing of barley. The data for this study has been collected and retrieved by using the JD Link telematics system from two different fields sown with barley: field A with irregular shape and area of 13.75 ha and field B with rectangular shape and area of 16.26 ha. It was found that for both fields the values for the most monitored parameters were very close as follows: for the engine speed of the sowing unit during working stroke – 1553.65 min-1 (A) and 1586.11 min-1 (B) (the difference is <2.08%); for the idle mode of the sowing unit – 900.08 min-1 (A) and 905.63 min-1 (B) (the difference is <0.62%); for the actual working speed – 9.97 km/h (А) and 10.16 km/h (В) (the difference is <1.9%), registered when the MTU is performing the technological operation “sowing”; those parameters of MTU are nor influenced by the field size and shape. Larger differences in values between the two fields were established in terms of the relative share of engine used – 19.98% (A) and 21.55% (B) (the difference is <7.3%) and for the consumed diesel fuel (in field А it was 7.2% liters higher than in field В, respectively, 11.7% higher referring to the average diesel fuel consumption – liters per hour). The actual hourly productivity in field A was 20% lower than in field B – 3.05 vs 3.81, which is due to the fact that in the field with irregular shape – A the sowing unit made more turns at the end of the levels than in the field with rectangular shape – B.
Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Feces of Bali Cattle With Reproductive Disorders
Authors: Kholik Kholik , Munawaroh Muhammad , Saputra Muhammad Rama Imam , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Srianto Pudji
Published: November 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global issue in animal, human and environmental health. The AMR profile of Escherichia coli reflects the use of antibiotics in production animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the feces of female Bali cattle with reproductive disorders. Feces samples were taken purposively using a swab on 4 rectums from 7 Bali cattle with reproductive disorders in June 2021 in Lando Village, East Lombok Regency. Escherichia coli samples were isolated on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media and identified by biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test against Escherichia coli was carried out by the disk diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the test were Penicillin G 10 U, Oxytetracycline 30 g, Gentamicin 10 g, and Tetracycline 30 g, and Cefotaxime 30 g. The results of planting on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media obtained 4 Escherichia coli which were successfully isolated from 4 samples of Bali cattle feces. Data on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility level to various antibiotics were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the susceptibility test to antibiotics showed that 4 samples of Escherichia coli (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, (25%) were resistant to Oxytetracycline, (25%) were resistant to Cefotaxime, and (100%) samples of Escherichia coli were sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline. The chi-square test on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility to various antibiotics was significant with p˂ 0.05 (p-value = 0.012). The results of this study have shown that Escherichia coli from Bali cattle feces experience multidrug resistance which later on might have an impact on human health and the environment.
Incidente de Makeng: la reconstrucción de la identidad y la integración cultural de los franciscanos españoles en China del siglo XVII
Authors: Ye Junyang
Published: November 2021

A mediados y finales del siglo XVII muchos franciscanos españoles arribaron a China. En 1676, Agustín de San Pascual y Pedro de la Piñuela evangelizaron en zonas rurales de Ningde, Fujian. Durante la estancia en Makeng, un tigre irrumpió en ese pueblo y provocó el pánico entre la población. Un muchacho acusó a Piñuela de haber hecho un rito extravagante ante el templo del pueblo. Entonces, los pueblerinos creyeron que la secta maliciosa que propagaban los dos extranjeros había expulsado el espíritu del dios en el templo, lo cual privó al pueblo del asilo y provocó la llegada del tigre. Aquella noche los aldeanos furiosos casi mataron a los frailes. Más tarde, estos dos sobrevivieron con la ayuda de los caballeros del campo y los letrados rurales. El presente trabajo analiza, a partir de este incidente, según las cartas e informes que dejaron los franciscanos, las dificultades de los primeros franciscanos españoles que evangelizaron en las zonas rurales chinas y sus soluciones.
Structural Markup of Official Documents in Diachronic Linguistic Corpus: Problems and Solutions
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Gorban Oksana , Kosova Marina ,   Volgograd State University, Sheptukhina Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: November 2021

The research relevance is determined by the need to annotate official documents of Don Cossack Host written in the middle of the 18 th century and kept in "Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman" archive fund of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR, fund 332, inventory 1), so as to compile a linguistic corpus. The authors characterize the problems of the deposited documentary text structural division. These difficulties occur due to the specifics of the form, the dynamics of genres and the syntactical peculiarities of business communication in the middle of the 18 th century. It is revealed that the complexity of documentary text division depends on the degree of its narrativity. The choice of a structural-semantic segment that coincides with a sentence or several closely connected sentences as a layout unit is motivated. A complex method of document segmentation for the structural markup is justified. The approach is based on genre parameterization of documents and their syntactic segmentation. It has been established that the segment boundaries can be indicated by the complex of graphic symbols, speech formulas that perform the function of details of payments, lexical and grammatical means. As a result of the study, it has been shown that the succession of procedures implemented for text segmentation, and targeted at genre and speech organization of the document identification, makes it possible to present in the diachronic corpus the information, which is necessary and sufficient for the user to conclude about the properties of the document text and its units.
Cognitive Mechanisms of Nominating Plants in English
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Shevchenko Elena , Prokhorova Olga ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Chekulay Igor ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: November 2021

The article deals with cognitive models underlying the process of plant categorization by the speakers. Having analyzed 200 names of herbs and flowers in English, the authors differentiated three cognitive models, which the phytonyms categorization is based on: metaphoric, metonymic and propositional. It is shown that "the codes of culture", or in other words, well-known realia, are used as sources for nomination; on their basis typical cognitive models are formed. Since the names of flowers and herbs in the English language are mostly compound words, the identified cognitive models are described taking into account the action of the cognitive word-formation mechanisms of proverse and reverse. The first mechanism structure of a phytonym presupposes the direct order of compound-word components as a result of the initial word-combination integration. This word building mechanism is typical of the compound structures "adjective / verb + noun". The reversive mechanism represents the inner structure of a phytonym as a result of reverse transformation of the word-combination initial components. This type of mechanism is characteristic of the phytonyms created on the basis of the structures "noun + noun", "noun + ' + noun". The article describes the models of proverse and reverse structuring, which are typical of English phytonyms. The prospects of the research are to study the cognitive models and mechanisms underlying plant nomination in a comparative aspect based on the material of several languages.
Translation of Polysemous and Synonymous Terms of the English Language: The Possibilities of a Cognitive Approach
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Rubert Irina , Kiseleva Svetlana ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Mironova Marina ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: November 2021

The article describes the problem of translating polysemantic and synonymous investment terms and is studied from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, namely in the light of the prototypes theory, which presupposes the identification of the content core as the best representative of the word's semantics. The subject of the research are the semantic processes taking place in the English term system reflecting investment activity. By the example of the research of term dealer and its synonyms broker and agent, the authors have defined that the meanings of polysemantic and synonymous terms are not isolated, but are united by a meaningful core and develop according to the laws of semantic derivation based on the common language nominative-non-derivative meaning. The authors found that the reduction of translation failures in the transfer of terms is possible due to the competent use of the cognitive context and the correct definition of the content core of the terminological unit. The research is carried out by means of such methods as the prototypical semantics method, a definitional and component analysis. When identifying the content core of a polysemantic term it is first of all necessary to define the average primary meaning of this term on the basis of dictionary definitions. As a result, the most frequent meaning is determined. Then etymological analysis of the meaning is carried out. At the next stage, in order to model the cognitive image of a word, contextual analysis is performed, and metaphorical comparisons are investigated. Based on the obtained data, a content core of the term is formulated generalizing all the derived meanings and demonstrating their connections. The results obtained allow the authors to prove that the meanings of polysemantic and synonymous terms are connected by a single content core and are developed on the basis of a common linguistic meaning. The practical value of the scientific research is in the possibility to use the results of the work in lexicographic practice when compiling terminological dictionaries, and when writing university courses in terminology and translation studies. The identification of a content core is necessary while translating polysemantic and synonymous terms, because it reveals the meaning of the term in the context and defines the choice of a right translation variant.
Medical Books of the 17th–18th Centuries from the Siberian Archives: Structural-and-Grammatical Aspect
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Trofimova Olga , Petrukhina Anastasia ,   Tyumen State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The article presents a comparative study of two medical books from the Siberian archives dating back to the 17 th –18 th centuries: Tobolsk Lechebnik (TL) kept in Tobolsk Book Depository, and Altai Lechebnik (AL) stored in Altai Museum of Local Lore – both stemming from the text of the medical book called "Prokhladnyi Vertograd (The Cool Garden)" from the collection of the Rumyantsev Museum (PV). Our findings show that Siberian medical books demonstrate different degrees of structural and grammatical transformation of the source PV text, conventionally considered by the authors of the research to be a list, which is chronologically closer to the original text. It was established that TL can be regarded as a list derived from the PV, and AL – a source reflecting a further stage in the process of text generation in the institutional medical discourse. We claim that the intentional and grammatical perspective of the medical text formation is associated with the modal variability of verbal lexemes: the prevailing in PV and TL personal verb forms reflect the presence of the subject of speech as an agent in special communication; in AL these are replaced by infinitives which transform the real modality of the message about an action "from experience" (in PV and TL) into a syntactic categorical imperative.It was also determined that the subject of the action expressed by personal verb forms is typically generalized (in this case, special actions of the doctor and the patient can be detected through the difference in the verbal lexemes). The subject is not grammatically defined with the infinitive verb forms.
Regulations of Peter the Great in the Aspect of Imperativeness
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Rudnev Dmitriy , Pushkareva Natalia ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2021

In the era of Peter the Great, a new genre of regulations appeared in the Russian official language, with the help of which the authorities tried to introduce new, European principles of governing the country in Russia. The authors of the regulations were faced with the difficult task of finding speech means adequate to the new genre, corresponding both to the communicative tasks and to the addressee of the regulations. The performed analysis demonstrates a significant update of the means of the official language used in the Peter's regulations. In particular, the ways of expressing imperative have undergone a significant transformation. Along with the independent infinitive, which was inherited from pre-Petrine official speech, imperativeness begins to be expressed by various lexical means – both Russian and borrowed in origin (Polonisms, Germanisms, Latinisms): modifiers dolzhen 'must', imet' 'have to', nadlezhit 'should', prinuzhden 'be forced', etc. in combination with the infinitive, a particle da 'let' in combination with a verb in the present or future tense, etc. The models differed not only in origin and stylistic coloring, but also in their compatibility. Changes in the system of imperative means were due to various reasons – semantic (the need to more accurately express the imperative meaning), stylistic (the desire to make a business text more bookish, to tear it away from the colloquial basis), socio-cultural (the influence of European text patterns and socio-cultural models).
Ethno-Linguo-Cultural Specificity of Russian Official Concept “Court” in Europeanization Era
Authors:   Miass branch of Chelyabinsk State University, Popova Lyudmila
Published: November 2021

The article considers the nominative field of the concept "court" in the history of the Russian official language on the material of legislative documents of the 18 th century. The subject of the study is the relationship between the official segment of the concept "court" and the ordinary segment in the context of ethnic mentality. The hypothesis of ethno-cultural neutrality of the official segment has been tested. Special attention is paid to the evaluation nominations of the concept, their syncretsemia is revealed. The activity of non-terminological, morally and religiously marked nominations in relation to terms is found. Functional-semantic insufficiency of legal categories, their stable connection with moral and ethical categories in legal language consciousness is shown. Domination of semantic and conceptual constituents "truthful", "righteous / decent", "fair" over "legal" is established. The functional weakness of the conceptual sphere "law" is noted. The traditional ethno-specific perception of legal language consciousness is stated as predominance of moral and ethical concepts "truth", "righteousness", "fairness", "good", "conscience", "soul" over the "law". A high degree of ethno-cultural marking of the official segment of the concept "court" with a dominant meliorative valuation was noted. The analysis of the ordinary segment of the concept "court" in Russian paremiology revealed the above mentioned ethno-cultural concepts with a prevailing pejorative estimate. The coincidence of the justice pattern in the official and ordinary legal consciousness is noted.
An Innovative Approach to Studying the State of the Uterine Scar after Cesarean Section on the Basis of a Comparative Study
Authors: Strizhakov Alexander N. , Ignatko Irina V. , Churganova Anastsia A. , Aslanov Alexandr G.
Published: November 2021

Background. Today we have not really highly informative methods for assessing the state of the uterine scar. This fact does not allow us to formulate clear selection criteria for spontaneous delivery for patients who had cesarean section (CS). The result of the formulated problem is not only an increase in the frequency of repeated abdominal delivery, but also a fivefold increase in the risks of intraoperative and postoperative complications for women of reproductive age. Aims explore the property, structure and morphological features of the myometrial scar tissue by developing a physical model based on morphological predictors. Materials and methods. The study included 49 women who ahead a second caesarean section in the maternity hospital at the S.S. Yudin state medical center. The patients had scar tissue excised in the lower uterine segment and the resulting biopsies were divided into 2 fragments. The first fragment of biopsies was necessary for performing a morphological study, based on the results of which randomization was carried out into groups. The main group included 24 fragments, where the scar tissue was well-established, and the comparison group included 25 fragments, where according to morphological research, signs of its insolvency were revealed. Further assessment of the scar state was performed using the second fragment of biopsies by creating a physical model of the study, on the basis of which the dependence of elongation on the applied force was estimated. The study was conducted in the laboratory of scientific research on the development of bioprostheses of the CSSC A.N. Bakuleva. Results. Based on a morphological study, it was confirmed that the failure of the scar is based on the disorganization of connective tissue, indicating the possible presence of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia for the patient. The physical model of the study demonstrated that the presence of such a difficult-to-diagnose pathology leads to a decrease in the elasticity, and therefore-the strength and elasticity of the scar on the uterus. Conclusions. For this period of time, we need to improve methods for assessing the condition of the uterine scar in order to resolve the issue of the possibility of conducting natural childbirth for patients after undergoing CS surgery. It is possible that the created physical model will be able to evaluate the predictive ability of ultrasonic elastography within the framework of this problem. It is important to remember that scar formation is the final stage of regeneration, therefore, the maximum number of answers to a detailed study of morphological and immunohistochemical features of the myometrium, as it is the primary matrix on which will be the formation of scar tissue.
Cross-Functional Syndrome of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Adults and Children in the Context of Their Continuity
Authors: Maev Igor' V. , Osadchuk Maksim M. , Osadchuk Mihail A.
Published: November 2021

This review provides an analysis of a possible relationship between functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults. Some functional disorders previously identified only in the childrens age group, such as abdominal migraine, were increasingly recorded in the adult population. As a rule, the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal diseases is based primarily on clinical symptoms. However, researchers increasingly note that for some pathologies in children, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, the main symptoms of reflux, such as heartburn and belching, are not absolutely dominant. All this makes it possible to express an opinion on the formation of a universal functional pathology of the digestive tract with the dominance at certain stages of the pathological process of one or another symptomatology that affects the central nervous system.
Functional Activity of the Retina and Visual Evoked Cortical Potentials in Simulation the Factors of Space Flight in Conditions of Four Month Isolation in a Hermetic Object with Artificial Habitat
Authors: Neroev Vladimir V. , Zueva Marina V. , Tsapenko Irina V. , Bubeev Yuri A. , Manko Olga M. , Smoleevskiy Alexandr E. , Aleskerov Akhmed  M. , Gracheva Maria  A.
Published: November 2021

Background. The artificial environment of confined space causes a decrease in the functional reserve of the central nervous system and can affect human health and the success of space missions. In solving this problem, the urgent task is to study adaptation mechanisms that adapt the functioning of the visual sensory system to the conditions of the extreme environment. Purpose to obtain new objective data on the alterations in the functional activity of the visual system during prolonged stay of a person in extreme environmental conditions. Methods. Before and after a 4-month isolation experiment simulating a flight to the moon, an electrophysiological study was conducted of six practically healthy crew members with registration of a set of electroretinograms (ERG) and pattern-reversal visual evoked cortical potentials (VEP) according to the ISCEV standards. In dynamics, corrected monocular visual acuity (MVA) was assessed on board. Results. After the end of the experiment, on average for the group, there were no statistically significant changes in the MVA and functional activity of the retina and visual cortex compared with the initial data. However, individual changes on the part of the flicker ERG and reduction of VEP to small patterns stimulating the parvocellular channel of the visual system were revealed in three testers. These changes were associated with higher visually intense work and physical activity of these crew members, and with an individual reaction to sleep deprivation of pilots with increased responsibility. Conclusion. Four-month isolation with imitation of a space mission did not cause significant changes in the functional activity of the retina and visual pathways in healthy crew members. Individual differences of VEP-responses of the parvocellular visual system were revealed, which can reflect a high level of psychophysiological adaptation and stress resistance in physically active crew members.
‘E do verbo fez-se’ partículas em Nheengatú
Authors: Cruz Aline da , Santos Bárbara Heliodora Lemos de Pinheiro
Published: December 2021

Resumo Estudos acerca do contato linguístico permitem observar hierarquias de acessibilidade a palavras de diferentes classes que possam ocorrer como empréstimos. Essas hierarquias indicam, por exemplo, que nomes são mais facilmente transferidos de uma língua para outra do que verbos e estes podem ser inseridos na língua-alvo como verbos, quando há adaptação morfológica, ou como partículas, quando há inserção direta. Neste artigo, apresenta-se o caso de quatro expressões verbais do Português que foram introduzidas em Nheengatú, língua geral amazônica em contato com o Português desde o século XVI, como partículas de modalidade deôntica – tenki de ‘tem que’ e presizu de ‘é preciso’ – e como marcadores de sentenças interrogativas – será de ‘será’, e seraki ‘será que’. Para tanto, primeiramente, apresentam-se os critérios que permitem distinguir uma classe de partículas em Nheengatú, para, em seguida, aplicá-los às partículas de origem verbal emprestadas do Português. Esta análise corrobora os estudos que indicam que marcadores de modalidade são mais facilmente acessíveis a ocorrerem como empréstimos linguísticos do que outras formas de tempo, aspecto e modo (TAM). No entanto, no Nheengatú, observa-se que expressões de modalidade epistêmica podem ser adaptadas na língua-alvo como marcadores gramaticais de sentenças interrogativas, considerados mais difíceis de ocorrerem como empréstimos.
Cavity expansion in cohesive-frictional soils with limited dilation
Authors: Carter John P. , Yu Hai-Sui
Published: November 2021

The problem of cavity expansion from zero radius has no characteristic length and therefore possesses a similarity solution, in which the cavity pressure remains constant and the continuing deformation is geometrically self-similar. In this case, the incremental velocity approach first used by R. Hill in 1950 to analyse cavity expansion in Tresca materials can be extended to derive a solution for the limiting pressure of cavity expansion in other types of material. In this paper, a rigorous semi-analytical solution is derived, following Hill's incremental velocity method, for the expansion of cavities from zero initial radius in cohesive-frictional soils with limited dilation. In particular, the radius of the elastic–plastic interface c is used in this paper as the timescale and the solution for the limit pressure has been presented. Solutions are evaluated for a number of cases representative of a range of cohesive-frictional and dilatant soils. A comparison is also made between the solutions presented here and previous solutions for cohesive-frictional soils that have unlimited (on-going) plastic dilation. In particular, the influence of limited plastic dilation on the cavity limit pressure is identified and discussed.
Students Perceived Employability: A Systematic Literature Search and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors:   Aligarh Muslim University, NOORI Mohammad Idris , AZMI Feza Tabassum ,   Aligarh Muslim University
Published: November 2021

Among higher education students, perceived employability gained eminence in the last decades that attracted scholarly interests. Researchers theoretically and empirically studied the perceived employability though; inadequate preliminary review studies exist on this topic. Available researches mostly concentrated on a single approach. Thus, this study carried out a comprehensive review that comprised a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis that might boost understandings in the body of the literature. In the research process, the Scopus database from the 2008 to 2021 periods was used. The researchers set the search criteria that allowed the inclusion of 59 papers published in 45 peer-reviewed international journals. The paramount influential papers and prolific authors formulated the unit of this analysis. Furthermore, for the identification of thematic clusters and creating network maps, VOS viewer software was deployed. Citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence of keywords analysis have generated interesting patterns which articulate the study results. The findings revealed enlightening insights on the content and characteristics of perceived employability, publication trends, highly cited papers, productive authors, contributing countries, repetitive themes, productive journals, and also unveiled gaps providing avenues for upcoming research works.
Uzaktan Çalışmanın Sosyal ve Demografik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: BAŞOL Oğuz , ÇÖMLEKÇİ Mehmet Fatih
Published: November 2021

Covid-19 Pandemisi döneminden uzaktan çalışma uygulamaları yaygın olarak deneyimlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, uzaktan çalışma tutumu üzerinde etkisi olan sosyal ve demografik belirleyicileri ortaya koymak ve uzaktan çalışmanın geleceği ile ilgili bazı öneriler getirmektir. Araştırma kapsamında, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerindeki 415 beyaz yakalı ve uzaktan çalışma deneyimi bulunan kişiden anket tekniğiyle veri toplanmış, nicel yöntemsel yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, eğitim seviyesi daha yüksek olan beyaz yakalı çalışanların uzaktan çalışmaya karşı daha olumlu tutum geliştirdikleri görülmüştür. Öte yandan, uzaktan çalışma ile çalışanlarının iş yükünün arttığı durumlarda, çalışanların uzaktan çalışmaya karşı daha olumsuz bir yaklaşım geliştirdikleri görülmüştür. Organizasyonların iş yükünü kontrol altında tutup dengelemeden uzaktan çalışmaya geçmelerinin onlar açısından negatif sonuçlar doğurabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.
Finansal Performans Ölçümünde ÇKKV Yöntem Seçimi Problemine Objektif Bir Yaklaşım: Borsa İstanbul’da Bir Uygulama
Authors: BAYDAŞ Mahmut , EREN Tevfik
Published: November 2021

Çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) paradigmasının amacı en uygun uzlaşık alternatifi seçebilmektir. Oysa aynı karar matrisi kullanıldığında bile ÇKKV yöntemlerinin farklı sonuçlar üretebildiği de bir gerçektir. Bu farklı sonuçların karşılaştırılabilirliği için önerilen doğrudan bir ölçüt olmamasına rağmen dolaylı bir vekil ölçüt üzerinden ÇKKV yöntemlerinin göreceli üstünlükleri objektif olarak ortaya konabilir. Örneğin bir firmanın ÇKKV yöntemi ile ölçülen finansal performansı (FP) için aynı firmanın eşzamanlı hisse senedi getirisi (HG) dolaylı bir doğrulama ölçütü olarak önerilebilir. Çalışmada toplamda dört farklı yöntem HG ölçütü üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygun olan yöntem tüm baz dönemlerde HG ile daha yüksek korelasyon sağladığı için bu koşullarda karar vericiye önerilmiştir.
Determinants of Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Firms Listed on BIST
Authors: IŞIK Özcan , ERSOY Ersan
Published: November 2021

In this study, we analyze the impact of firm-level determinants on the capital structure decisions of Turkish publicly traded firms operating in the manufacturing sector over the period from 2010 to 2019, and we also investigate whether this impact is particularly associated with firm size and level of debt. Panel regression results based on the Driscoll-Kraay procedure imply that firm-specific variables selected within the framework of two dominant theories of capital structure play critical roles in explaining the changes in borrowing behaviors of the firms. Moreover, our empirical results reveal that the impact of the firm-level variables on capital structure varies over different groups of firms.
A comparison of failure rates and canal preparation times between WaveOne Gold and One Curve file systems with and without glide path preparation in simulated canals
Authors: Pillay Maheshan , Vorster Martin , van der Vyver Peet J
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the failure rate and canal preparation times of the Primary WaveOne Gold file (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) with the One Curve file (Micro Méga, Besançon, France). The influence of glide path preparation on failure rate and final preparation times were also evaluated. Endo training blocks (Dentsply Sirona) with simulated canals were separated into four groups: Group 1: Primary WaveOne Gold with WaveOne Gold Glider; Group 2: Primary WaveOne Gold without glide path; Group 3: One Curve with One G; Group 4: One Curve without glide path. The number of training blocks that were shaped before instrument fracture occurred was recorded. Glide path and final preparation times were also recorded. Where no glide path was prepared, One Curve file prepared a significantly higher number of canals (14.33± 0.58) than the Primary WaveOne Gold (4.6 ± 1.34) before instrument fracture occurred (p<0.001). The One Curve with One G Glide Path file prepared significantly higher number of simulated canals (28±1.41) than the Primary WaveOne Gold with WaveOne Gold Glider (15 ± 1.41) before instrument fracture (p<0.001). Glide path preparation times with WaveOne Gold Glider (4.8s) were significantly faster compared to the One G Glide Path file (7.29s)(p<0 .001). Significantly faster final canal preparation times were achieved in groups where glide path were prepared (p<0.001). One Curve files exhibits a greater fracture resistance than Primary WaveOne Gold files. Glide path preparation increases the longevity of preparation files and results in faster final canal preparation.
Investigation into the dephosphorization of ferromanganese alloys for the production of advanced high-strength steel
Authors: Maphutha M.P. , Steenkamp J.D. , Pistorius P.C.
Published: December 2021

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are sophisticated materials being developed by the steel industry to mitigate challenges related to the performance of motor vehicles. To meet the requirements of AHSS, the ferromanganese alloys (FeMn) utilized in the production of the steel are required to contain acceptable levels of unwanted impurities, i.e. P, S, N, H, and C. The focus of the current study was to investigate dephosphorization of ferromanganese to produce a low-P alloy that could be effectively utilized in the production of AHSS. The study involved conducting laboratory-scale testwork to study the efficiency of CaO-based slag systems to dephosphorize FeMn alloys. The addition of Na2O, CaF2, and BaO to MnO-CaO-SiO2 slag was considered. The test work was carried out in a 25 kW induction furnace at temperatures of 1350°C, 1400°C, and 1450°C. The P partition coefficient (Lp) remained small at <1, which is an indication that dephosphorization had not been achieved. The baseline slag, comprising 40%CaO-40%SiO2-20%MnO, reported higher Lpvalues. Addition of Na2O and CaF2 did not show any further benefit. Substituting half of the CaO by BaO, resulted in similar Lpvalues to those of the baseline slag under conditions of 1350°C and 1450°C at 30 minutes. In summary, based on the Lpvalues obtained, the conditions investigated with the CaO-based slags appeared to have been unfavourable for dephosphorization of FeMn alloys, as most of this impurity element remained in the alloy.
Grillz and Gold Teeth – Esthetic, Economics and Ethics
Authors: Mtolo Thembelihle M , Motloba Pagollang D
Published: November 2021

My laboratory has been providing services to a modest number of dental professionals for a while now. As part of prosthodontic work I have done, one has witnessed a generalised upsurge, albeit steady, in the request for gold inlays, followed by silver and grills overtime. The demand for these services is correlated with the location, period and ethos of the practice. Our practice has seen a drastic tapering down of requests during the Covid -19 period. Ultimately, there is a discernable driver for the demand of these services. We have also observed from dental casts that, the dentition appeared to be without any noticeable pathology. This implies that most patients requiring these prosthesis, have “virgin” teeth prepared. Being a small laboratory, our numbers, are insignificant compared to bigger laboratories. Additionally, unregistered laboratories and jewellers have entered this space and are providing ‘affordable’ alternatives. On a typical month, our laboratory fabricates a total of 320 prosthesis of which gold inlays, constitute about 60%, silver, 30% and grills, 10%. These numbers are an under-representation of the extent of this phenomenon and the potential ‘subdued’ and untapped market, especially during this fierce Covid -19 economic downturn. We hypothesise that we are witnessing the tip of an iceberg, and that under the right conditions, this grills and gold teeth epidemic will go beyond the tipping point. Given the cultural, economic and other factors, more and more youth will sustain the demand for these services in perpetuity.
Exploring how the national COVID-19 pandemic policy and its application exposed the fault lines of educational inequality
Authors: Mudaly Ronicka , Mudaly Vimolan
Published: November 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many surveys in education were conducted. These revealed alarming statistics about learners losing half of the academic year, parents' anxiety about sending children to school, and a minority of education institutions being able to offer online teaching. In response to a cacophony from teachers' and students' unions, school governing body representatives, scientists and education experts, the government decided to close education institutions as part of what was known as the hard lockdown. Against this background, we used critical policy analysis (CPA) to explore decision-making by education departments and the enactment of these decisions at schools. This qualitative study revealed iniquity and inequity as departments of education made decisions to close and reopen institutions. The findings revealed a tension between expectations of producers of policy and enactors of policy within unequal school settings. We recommend a repositioning from the perspective of the dispossessed to inform future policy.
Importance measure-based maintenance strategy considering maintenance costs
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Yadong , Dui Hongyan , Wang Shaoping , Tomovic Mileta
Published: November 2021

Maintenance is an important way to ensure the best performance of repairable systems. This paper considers how to reduce system maintenance cost while ensuring consistent system performance. Due to budget constraints, preventive maintenance (PM) can be done on only some of the system components. Also, different selections of components to be maintained can have markedly different effects on system performance. On the basis of the above issues, this paper proposes an importance-based maintenance priority (IBMP) model to guide the
selection of PM components. Then the model is extended to find the degree of correlation between two components to be maintained and a joint importance-based maintenance priority (JIBMP) model to guide the selection of opportunistic maintenance (OM) components is proposed. Also, optimization strategies under various conditions are proposed. Finally, a case of 2H2E architecture is used to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that generators in the 2E layout have the highest maintenance priority, which further explains the difference in the importance of each component in PM.
TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS MAJORING IN ORIENTAL PHILOLOGY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Draginda Olha
Published: November 2021

This publication is a detailed lesson plan on the topic “Power and Money” within the course of the English language taught as the second foreign language to the first-year students majoring in the oriental languages. The lesson focuses on enhancing topical vocabulary through practicing speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. It also aims at developing students’ skills of reasoning and evaluative judgment. The tasks are introduced in the plan in accordance with the principles of the contemporary communicative student-oriented approach to teaching foreign languages.
Cinsel İstismar Girdabı: İstismarın Özellikleri (Tipi, Fail-Mağdur Yakınlığı, Mağdurların Psikolojik Tepkileri), Ebeveynlerin Tutumları ve İstismarcıların Davranışları (Grooming Metotları)
Authors: Gönültaş Burak Miraç
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aims to analyze (n=175) sexual abuse cases conducted in Istanbul between 2009-2012 by making use of a qualitative method and to describe characteristics of the cases, the attitudes of the parents and the methods of grooming of the abusers by making a holistic assessment.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative analysis method was used in this study. For data, the document analysis procedure according to the Journal Article Reporting Standards for Qualitative Research (JARS-Qual) standards and the research design recommended by the American Psychological Association were followed. A coding table was constructed and data were analyzed through coding table. 
Results: The victims (n=202) were mostly girls and average age was 11.4. They were mostly exposed to penetration-related abuse (52%). The abusers were mostly from intimates of the victim (57%). Most of the abuses took place at the perpetrator's home or in a place he/she knew (65,8%). The majority of parents learned about the abuse during the investigation (56%). Abusers applied to methods such as promises, bribes, threats, coercion to approach children and become physically closest. Bribes, warnings and threats were used to prevent the child from disclosing it after the abuse (70%).
Conclusion: Children appear to be quite vulnerable due to a number of circumstances before and after the case of abuse. This vulnerability leads them to be exposed into the act of abuse, and prevents them from disclosing the abuse. The conditions leading to vulnerability have been assessed as a whole and defined as a “sexual abuse whirlpool”.
Performance Assessment of Green Filtration System with Evaporative Cooling to Improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Authors:   the HVAC&R Section of Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia France Institute, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Khean Chang Choo , Yih Tan Yong , Othman Zahurin Bin
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the performance assessment of the green filtration system that incorporated with evaporative cooling that used to enhance indoor air quality. This system was invented in an attempt to thrive in a clean environment that becomes a solution for certain places. Indoor air quality (IAQ) and public health risk related to each other, it is due to the percentage of the city population that stays indoors rather than go outdoors. Indoor air contamination is originated from mixed origins such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and indoor airborne particulate matter (PM). The results show that the green filtration system manages to filter PM and VOCs in the air but not as efficient as modern air filters in the market. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling system possesses a huge deal in energy-saving within hot and arid climatic regions.