bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-fructose corn syrup aggravates colitis via microbiota dysbiosis-mediated Th17/Treg imbalance
Authors: Zhou Mingxia , Liu Xiaoman , He Jing , Xu Xinyu , Ju Chenxi , Luo Shangjian , Lu Xiajuan , Du Peng , Chen Yingwei
Published: October 2023

Dietary fructose is widely used in beverages, processed foods, and Western diets as food additives, and is closely related to the increased prevalence of multiple diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the detailed mechanism by which high fructose disrupts intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. The present study showed that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) administration exacerbated intestinal inflammation and deteriorated barrier integrity. Several in vivo experimental models were utilized to verify the importance of gut microbiota and immune cells in HFCS-mediated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed the imbalance between primary bile acids (PBAs) and secondary bile acids (SBAs) in feces. Hence, high fructose was speculated to modulate gut microbiota community and reduced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Clostridium scindens at genus and species level respectively, followed by a decrease in SBAs, especially isoalloLCA, thereby affecting Th17/Treg cells equilibrium and promoting intestinal inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into the crosstalk between gut flora, bile acids, and mucosal immunity, and highlight potential strategies for precise treatment of IBD.
On information theoretical modelling of the communications between neurons and the corresponding information rate
Authors: Kalatiani Sedighe , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed
Published: October 2023

In a nervous system propagation of spikes among neurons can be interpreted as an information transmission process, where, a neural response carries information about the stimulus. Quantification of this information might be of theoretical and practical importance. In this paper, (i) The interaction between two neurons with an electrically coupled transport of ions is modelled mathematically, where the communication through the junction gap between very close neurons occurs with a specific time delay; (ii) then, the connection structure of neurons is proposed based on a particular Rulkov network model. The corresponding process is modelled as a non‐linear binary channel with memory; and (iii) by assuming a recurrence relation for number of available membrane potential changing due to the arrival of the spike to the axonal terminal, the mutual information between channel input and output is obtained and the input range maximizing mutual information, and hence, the information rate of channel is derived.
Influence of system inertia time constant on transient stability level of AC power grid
Authors: Tian Mingxing , Ren Zhiqiang , Xing Dongfeng , Jiang Yu
Published: October 2023

Power system inertia is receiving increasing attention because the inclusion of renewable energy generation equipment weakens the inertia of the regional equivalent system and affects the transient stability of the system. In this paper, the influence of variation of inertia constant on the transient stability of the system is studied analytically by adding short‐circuit faults, Equal Area Criterion, and derivation of equations. On the basis of theoretical analysis, multi‐machine system is established to simulate and verify the correctness of the analysis results.
New red giants in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 using Kepler superstamps
Authors: Covelo-Paz A. , Themeßl N. , Espinoza-Rojas F. , Hekker S.
Published: October 2023

Context. Stars that are members of stellar clusters are assumed to be formed at the same time and place from material with the same initial chemical composition. These additional constraints on the ensemble of cluster stars make these stars suitable as benchmarks.

Aims. We aimed (1) to identify previously unknown red giants in the open clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819, (2) to extract their asteroseismic parameters, and (3) to determine their cluster membership.

Methods. We followed a dedicated method based on difference imaging to extract the light curves of potential red giants in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 from Kepler superstamp data. We extracted the asteroseismic parameters of the stars that showed solar-like oscillations. We performed an asteroseismic membership study to identify which of these stars are likely to be cluster members.

Results. We found 149 red giant stars within the Kepler superstamps, 93 of which are likely cluster members. We were able to find 29 red giants that are not primary targets of Kepler, and therefore, their light curves had not been released previously. Five of these previously unknown red giants have a cluster membership probability greater than 95%.
Plasma line detected by Voyager 1 in the interstellar medium: Tips and traps for quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy
Authors: Meyer-Vernet N. , Lecacheux A. , Moncuquet M. , Issautier K. , Kurth W. S.
Published: October 2023

The quasi-thermal motion of plasma particles produces electrostatic fluctuations, whose voltage power spectrum induced on electric antennas reveals plasma properties. In weakly magnetised plasmas, the main feature of the spectrum is a line at the plasma frequency – proportional to the square root of the electron density – whose global shape can reveal the electron temperature, while the fine structure reveals the suprathermal electrons. Since it is based on electrostatic waves, quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy (QTN) provides in situ measurements. This method has been successfully used for more than four decades in a large variety of heliosphere environments. Very recently, it has been tentatively applied in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) to interpret the weak line discovered on board Voyager 1 and in the context of the proposed interstellar probe mission. The present paper shows that the line is still observed in the Voyager Plasma Wave Science data, and concentrates on the main features that distinguish the plasma QTN in the VLISM from that in the heliosphere. We give several tools to interpret it in this medium and highlight the errors arising when it is interpreted without caution, as has recently been done in several publications. We show recent solar wind data, which confirm that the electric field of the QTN line in a weakly magnetised stable plasma is not aligned with the local magnetic field. We explain why the amplitude of the line does not depend on the concentration of suprathermal electrons, and why its observation with a short antenna does not require a kappa electron velocity distribution. Finally, we suggest an origin for the suprathermal electrons producing the QTN and we summarise the properties of the VLISM that could be deduced from an appropriate implementation of QTN spectroscopy on a suitably designed instrument.
Editorial: What is GLASS? And what prospects does it open for sustainable urban development?
Authors: Kuzmin Evgeny , Suvorova Arina , Lavrikova Yulia , Sang Yanfang
Published: October 2023

Modern cities are encountering a large number of challenges from accelerating urbanization and population growth to increasing human impacts on the environment. To solve these challenging problems, an integrated approach is required. In the article, we introduce the GLASS (Green, Liveable, Amiable, Smart, Sustainable) system as such a comprehensive approach. Firstly, we describe each of the five components in the system, and analyse their interaction to create a progressive urban space. Then, we specify the content of the five components, clarify the limitations, assumptions and applicability of GLASS. We explain how green technologies (Green), favourable living conditions (Liveable), friendly social environment (Amiable), intelligent technologies (Smart) and sustainable practices (Sustainable) can jointly provide a higher quality of life for urban citizens. To show how the principles of GLASS can be integrated into urban planning practices and policies for sustainable urban development, we make an overview of the selected articles presented at the 7th International Regional Economics Conference (REC-2023) “Cities of New Age: GLASS”. The review of these publications provides insight into those aspects of GLASS that are currently being explored in modern cities research.
The role of university technology transfer centers in the development of the “green” potential of cities
Authors: Li Jun , Mingaleva Zhanna , Postnikov Vladimir
Published: October 2023

A special role in creating a green economy of modern cities is assigned to service industries, which determine the conditions and quality of life of people. The aim of the study is to identify the contribution of Perm universities in the development of a city’s green economy through the creation and dissemination of green technologies. Using the comparative case study methodology, the methods of content qualitative analysis and bibliographic analysis, we study the contribution of Perm universities and university technology transfer centers to the creation of a green economy in the city of Perm and other cities in the region. It has been established that scientific research carried out in Perm universities is capable of providing the industry and service industries with modern scientific developments in the field of green technologies and green products. The study confirmed the research hypothesis that Russian Universities can influence upon the green development of urban and regional economies in the places of their location (presence). It is concluded that Perm universities are in line with the modern innovation ecosystem and there is an opportunity to expand the participation of universities in the Perm Territory in creating the city’s green economy.
Circular economy for urban sustainable development: Recycling issues in Russia
Authors: Gassiy Violetta , Novikov Aleksey
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to one of the main issues for modern Russia, namely circular economy and its implementation. Since 2022, a federal project “Circular Economy” has been implemented in the country. It is aimed at environmental protection, waste reduction and recycling as well as increasing the quality of population life. The article focuses on investigating the conditions and factors for the circular economy development in Russia and identifying problems and solutions. The authors study the dynamics of waste accumulation as the result of economic sectors’ activity, analyze measures for the circular economy transition, and formulate conclusions on problems and prospects for implementing this model in the modern conditions. The algorithm for creating an urban recycling infrastructure is proposed.
Local and Glocal: The specifics of the formation and development of tourism brands of industrial locations
Authors: Bugrova Ekaterina
Published: October 2023

Territory branding is a significant tool for promoting and increasing the tourist attractiveness of a region. An illustrative example is the “UNESCO World Heritage Site” brand, but this brand is not equally effective for every type of site, especially in industrialized regions. The solution to the problem of promoting such territories as tourist attractions can be the development of a generalizing brand of industrial cities, considering their specifics, demonstrating both the local identity and the global significance of industrial regions. The presence of such a brand will make it possible to include a greater number of industrial cities and monotowns in various tourist routes, as well as to dispel several stereotypes that negatively affect the perception of industrial cities. On the example of various forms of industrial tourism, the tourist potential of industrial cities is demonstrated, which, in turn, confirms the need for an integrated approach to promoting this type of tourism.
Creative reindustrialization: Data base as a digital footprint for second-tier cities of the Urals and Siberia
Authors: Antonova Irina
Published: October 2023

The modern stage of development of research in the field of regional economics involves the application of a wide coverage of regional economic systems data. Their overall totals form a digital trace of the development of the territory. A scientific digital footprint of the key factors and patterns of creative industries in the second-tier cities of Siberia and the Urals, reflected in the web application, allows imagining, comparing and comprehending the current state and perspectives of creative industries in second-tier cities. In this article, considering the demography dynamics and diversification of creative business activity as well as data on created enterprises, the author highlights the cities that are interested in creative reindustrialization the most – oil and gas specialize cities of Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, and Uray. Second-tier cities that display a relatively higher level of economic activity diversification encompass Novokuznetsk, Biysk, Nyagan, Prokopyevsk, Rubtsovsk, Sysert, and Uray. At the same time large industrial centers in regions provide more favorable conditions for the development of creative enterprises. Whereas in the regional context, the Tomsk region and Altai Krai lag behind other regions in absolute terms. Thus, the first obvious strategical step in municipal development through creative reindustrialization is using the essential opportunities highlighted by demography conditions, mainly in oil and gas towns. Whereas large industrial centers in regions could use more favorable conditions for the development of creative enterprises for its further development.
Assessment of service sector quality as an area of urban environment
Authors: Zhigalov Viacheslav M. , Kulchitskaya Elena V.
Published: October 2023

The article considers the specifics of the urban environment functioning from the viewpoint of the implementation of service companies’ activities. The paper contains the main methods for assessing the quality of life in an urban environment. The research also provides a modern classification of service sectors. The main value of the work is the results of assessing the development level of infrastructure in the service sector in terms of the Urban Environment Quality Index. The authors arrive at a conclusion about the peculiarities of the functioning of service enterprises in an urban environment.
The study of labor pendulum migration using big data processing technologies and the capabilities of the VKontakte social network
Authors: Logacheva Natalia M. , Uskova Anna , Salomatova Julia
Published: October 2023

Official statistical data do not allow estimating the magnitude of labor pendulum migration in the context of regions and municipalities on a regular basis. The purpose of this research was to study the possibility of using open data of the VKontakte social network to identify and analyze labor pendulum migration on the example of Ekaterinburg and 12 satellite cities. Depersonalized information of users of the VKontakte social network and Rosstat data acted as empirical data. The research established a connection between the distance from the city of residence to Ekaterinburg and the proportion of citizens-users of the VKontakte network included in the process of pendulum labor migration. The analysis of incoming and outgoing flows of labor pendulum migration showed that despite significant differentiation by cities, in all cities the outgoing flow of labor migrants to Ekaterinburg exceeded the incoming one. The results of the research can be used in the analysis of the features, intensity and directions of pendulum migration for their consideration in the elaboration of strategic documents in the field of spatial development of territories. Further research by the authors will be aimed at improving the methodology for studying migration processes that occur between cities of millions and satellite cities, in order to identify agglomeration effects using big data technologies.
Methodology for the optimization of artificial lighting considering both visual and non-visual effects
Authors: Madias Evangelos-Nikolaos , Kotsenos Athanasios , Tsangrassoulis Aris , Doulos Lambros
Published: October 2023

The effect of light on human physiology as well as its non-image forming effects have been known for several years. An important milestone in understanding the non-visual effects of light was the discovery of a new type of photoreceptor namely the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, or ipRGCs which play a vital role in the human circadian system. The non-visual effects of light are the following: regulation of melatonin secretion, circadian entrainment and modification of body temperature. With the advent of solid-state lighting, it is possible to precisely regulate the spectral power distribution of artificial lighting, so as to favour the human circadian rhythm. The scope of this paper is to present a conceptual methodology for the evaluation of artificial lighting systems with regards to visual, circadian effects and their energy consumption. In other words, this paper aims to outline an assessment process for lighting designers by elaborating not only on the visual aspects of each lighting system but also the melanopic effects and its energy efficiency.
Greenhouse gas emissions in Greek agriculture: Trends and projections
Authors: Sebos Ioannis , Kallinikos Leonidas
Published: October 2023

The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the agriculture sector in Greece, focusing on the assessment of historical trends and future projections. The study will put under scrutiny the principal contributors to these emissions, including enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, and agricultural soils. Additionally, it will identify the key drivers behind these emissions, such as livestock population and fertilizer use. Using methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the paper will project future emission levels. Finally, it will propose evidence-based mitigation strategies and policy recommendations to help Greece transition towards a more sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture sector.
Identification of microbial infections in Greek geothermal greenhouses tomato cultivation
Authors: Kakavas Konstantinos , Vagelas Ioannis , Papachatzis Alexandros , Tsiountsioura Vasiliki , Flora Andriani
Published: October 2023

The main object of this work is the identification of possible microbial infections in tomato cultivation in geothermal greenhouses. The hydroponical system, is a “close type” (for fertilization and irrigation water reuse), while at the same time exploiting rainwater collected from the gutters of greenhouses. The purpose of this experimental work is to identify the detection of pathogenic microorganisms (total microbial flora, E. Coli, coliforms, Enterococci and Cl. Perfrigen) in tomato fruits and also to fertigation water used. The main question of this research is about the possibility of contamination of tomato fruits with bacteria. From the microbiological analyses performed it was revealed that populations of E. coli were not detected, while the populations of coliforms identified were within the permissible limits of intestinal bacteria (coliforms >10000), which can be derived and detected in tomato from natural inputs such as of water, soil and insects.
Economic and Sustainable Development in Eastern Crete Through the Lithines Irrigation Dam
Authors: Tsikalakis Georgios J. , Makrinakis Nikolaos J. , Bourbourakis Panagiotis J. , Neofotistou Eleftheria D.
Published: October 2023

Eastern Crete faces the greatest deficit of water resources in Crete due to the arid climate and reduced rainfall. Despite the magnitude of the problem, to date no reservoir has been constructed that will change the environmental image of the area while simultaneously changing the opportunities through sustainable development. Instead, water resources are derived from deep wells (55m -475m) with huge energy costs at a time when energy is expensive. The study examines and presents: a) the economic cost of water resources in the area due to the drilling, b) the study for the Lithines reservoir, with a total volume of 9.5 million cubic meters of water and the expected economic profit that will accrue through hydroelectric production of water intended for irrigation, c) The quality of water that is currently lost to the sea, d) the sustainable development deficit faced by the region in relation to the neighbouring regions of the municipalities of Ierapetra and Agios Nikolaos and e) The forecast of economic development in the region in agriculture and tourism sector through the increase of water resources.
Colour Preferences and Energy Consumption in Retail Lighting Applications
Authors: Dimitrakis Anastasios , Madias Evangelos-Nikolaos , Kotsenos Athanasios
Published: October 2023

Colour preference and energy efficiency have long been considered significant characteristics that cannot be maximized simultaneously. Numerous investigations on colour preference and evaluation have been carried out. Sources with larger gamut generally enhance object chroma, which has been found to be preferred by previous studies, however, excessively large gamut may lower preference due to oversaturation. This paper describes a psychophysical experiment for the comparison of the colour preference evaluation among sources of different hue-specific chroma changes and how preference affects energy efficiency. A retail lighting application was created in two side-by-side presentations. A two-metric colour rendering system, consisting of average fidelity and gamut metrics, cannot fully describe colour quality and underscore the importance of a colour rendering graphic. Different spectras with the same correlated colour temperature, average fidelity and average gamut were implemented using an optimized spectral power distributions calculation in order to have systematic variation in gamut shape. Participants of different ages made preference assessments of chromatic objects in a forced-choice protocol, where they evaluated the pairs in a sequential mode. Specific colours strongly influenced participants’ assessments, indicating that gamut shape, additionally to gamut area, is an important component of predicting colour preference and energy efficiency.
Values and perceptions of business representatives and the public about the implementation of the principles of sustainable development by business: Results of a sociological research
Authors: Rusakova Maya , Tkach Sergey
Published: October 2023

We conducted a study of public perceptions of the principles of ESG and relevant issues among entrepreneurs within this paradigm. The study was carried out in the methodology of mixed methods. The first stage of the study was a representative population survey. The second stage of the study is an expert survey of entrepreneurs. The results showed that society is predominantly positive about the principles of ESG, but expects that the state or the companies themselves will be most actively involved in monitoring the implementation of the principles of ESG. Small and medium businesses are experiencing problems with the implementation of the ESG policy due to the lack of developed tools and technologies.
Sustainable development as an education tool for primary school students through SCRATCH code
Authors: Tsikalakis Georgios , Neofotistou Eleftheria. , Kontogiannakis Emmanouil. , Pau Alonso-Monasterio , Caglayan Ercakir Mehmet , Fernandez-Canez Regina , Perez-Accino Martinez
Published: October 2023

The concept of sustainable development is not only a scientific term but an essential way of changing the way of life for modern man. The cultivation of the values recommended by the UN through the 17 goals must become a pedagogical tool at all levels of education in order to achieve the most basic component of environmental education and sustainable development in the context of ESG, which is the process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts to develop the skills and attitudes necessary for understanding and appreciating the interrelationship of man, culture and the Biophysical environment. The project focus: a) on principles of software programming and pedagogical issues and b) on eco-social contextualization & dynamiting activities that can be applied with the students in order to create a pedagogical model through the use of Scratch code so that students can master knowledge through STEM methods.
Land cover changes in Euboea island using Sentinel-2 datasets
Authors: Mandilara Mariana , Kolios Stavros
Published: October 2023

The Euboea Island is the second largest island in Greece and has a notable agricultural sector while it is a traditional touristic destination but lately has suffered from extreme wildfires and floods. The scope of the study is to monitor the latest land cover changes in Euboea island after the abrupt environmental disasters caused extended damages in private properties, agricultural sector and infrastructures. The analytic recording of land cover changes was made by analyzing a series of Sentinel-2 satellite multispectral imagery. Moreover, the latest CORINE data product (2018) was used for the selection of the training samples which is crucial for the classification process. The overall accuracy of the classifiers exceeds 85% providing reliable results about the classification procedure. After all analyses, it was concluded that environmental situation in the study domain, the most notable change is the large decrease in forests, especially in the northern part of the island. The agricultural sector has seasonal changes but in general, a small decrease is also depicted. The urban/semiurban class is practically unchanged which indicates - among others - that there is not a significant touristic growth as well as new employment perspectives.
Hierarchy of Hiking Trails using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to highlight the natural environment
Authors: Daoutis Christodoulos , Kantartzis Apostolos , Tsiantikoudis Stavros , Vavatsikos Athanasios P. , Arabatzis Garyfallos
Published: October 2023

Hiking on trails is an activity to improve the quality of human life, a strategy for the development of the tourist activity and highlighting the natural wealth of region. The present study deals with the hiking trails of the Municipality of Samothrace (Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece). In this study, the trails were classified based on criteria with the contribution of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which determined the weights of the criteria. Seven criteria (Starting Elevation, Summit Elevation, Slope, Degree of Difficulty, Length, Hiking Time, and Starting Point Distance from the City) which are considered important for the selection of a hiking trail by hikers were compared pairwise and based on the results the hiking trails classified. The Analytical Hierarchy Process can help and guide both managers and people who make decisions about the sustainable use and protection of the natural environment, and hikers who consider the criteria for trail selection. In this way, priorities can be set for the maintenance of existing trails and the design of new ones.
Predicting Coastal Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Levels by Applying Data-Driven Modelling: The Case Study of Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Hadjisolomou Ekaterini , Antoniadis Konstantinos , Rousou Maria , Vasiliades Lavrentios , Abu-Alhaija Rana , Herodotou Herodotos , Michaelides Michalis , Kyriakides Ioannis
Published: October 2023

A surfeit of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), which is defined as the total amount of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium levels in water, may cause negative effects to the marine environment. For example, elevated levels of DIN may promote surplus production of algae and possible depletion of oxygen in the water column. The DIN in the marine water column is monitored as part of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the Nitrates Directive and the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Data-driven models have been proved to be an excellent management tool for environmental issues related to coastal water quality protection and management. Based on data-drive models, and specifically the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), the DIN levels from coastal stations in Cyprus were predicted. To do so, three different ANNs models were created, each of them calculating nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium levels respectively with high accuracy (r>0.95). The results derived from these models can be used to identify hot-spot areas with increased DIN levels and to evaluate management scenarios and measures to be implemented in order to maintain the good Environmental Status and quality of the coastal waters.
Analysis of the influence of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) on air quality in industrial areas – case study in Bragança (Portugal)
Authors: Martins Renata , Feliciano Manuel , Brianezi Daniel , Gonçalves Artur
Published: October 2023

This research approaches the benefits of NBS, with a focus on tree vegetation, in the industrial zone of Bragança (PT), addressing carbon sequestration and air quality, through microclimatic modelling and simulations with the use of two software, i-Tree and ENVI-met. In this study, three scenarios were created and simulated: Scenario 0, which does not consider the presence of trees; Scenario 1, which reflects the current situation of the study area; and Scenario 2, which consists of the implementation of an additional green space. Thus, using data collected in the field and secondary meteorological data, simulations were performed for the base line year (2022) and for a projected scenario (2052) to compare the effects of vegetation over time. The simulation results suggest that the introduction of trees in industrial areas has the potential to double pollutant removal and annual CO2 uptake and increase storage by approximately 40%. For the hourly CO2 flux, it is estimated that carbon uptake can be increased by up to 200%. Considering the use of these two software, i-Tree provides global annual and monthly analyses from a simpler and accessible interface, while ENVI-met allows the hourly simulation of each day from a more complex and robust system, providing more detailed results. Although results lack full validation, the use of these two software provide relevant decision-making support information and may help to foster urban greening strategies.
Aspen Plus designing and optimizing the hospital wastewater treatment by wet air oxidation method
Authors: Tager Edward , Naoushi Salah-Eddine , Arairo Wahib , Saba Marianne , El Bachawati Makram
Published: October 2023

Healthcare establishments, pharma industries, and medical laboratories generate various waste materials, collectively called hospital or healthcare waste. Waste management regulations differ depending on the laws and acts adopted by the authorities and their level of compliance. For instance, in the United States of America, hospitals follow the rules set by the Environmental Protection Agency. In Europe, hospitals adhere to guidelines and standards set by the European Environmental Agency, while globally, the World Health Organization has established standardized policies and regulations. As a result, waste treatment technologies have become more prevalent for making medical waste non-infectious. These treatments include thermal treatment using microwave technologies (e.g., Wet air oxidation), steam sterilization, electro-pyrolysis, and chemical and mechanical systems. This research aims to model the treatment of hospital wastewater by wet air oxidation method using Aspen Plus for the first time in Lebanon. The simulation showed that the reaction conversion yield for thiols or mercaptans was 89.7% and 83.8% for sodium hydrosulfide, and the COD and BOD5 levels were reduced by 79.1% and 88%, respectively.
Specific types of wastewater pollution in Ostrava and possibilities of decontamination through wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Suchankova Jana , Roupcova Petra , Suranova Kamila , Klouda Karel , Krocova Sarka , Slany Jan , Tesarova Sandra
Published: October 2023

This paper provides an introduction to the problem of the occurrence of some groups of micropollutants in wastewater, namely pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) and drugs in the context of wastewater treatment in Ostrava (290,000 inhabitants). Wastewater treatment is an essential service that ensures the reduction of pollutants in wastewater, while also protecting human health and the environment. In Europe, most wastewater enters the sewerage system and is discharged to a wastewater treatment plant, from where it is further discharged into rivers, lakes or coastal areas. Recently, people have been focusing more on pollutants in wastewater that are not targeted by WWTP, i.e., so-called micropollutants, which are, for example, pharmaceutically active compounds, drugs, or their metabolites. The risk of these groups of micropollutants in water is, for example, the possibility of exposure to aquatic organisms or bioaccumulation in food chains. The discharge of treated wastewater from the WWTP is the central route for PhAC to enter surface waters, as current technologies for decontamination are not yet designed. On the other hand, WWTPs act as primary barriers against the spread of micropollutants. One of the basic steps in designing a decontamination technology is to know the composition of the local wastewater.
Sustainable Mobility and the Environment: How our transportation choices shape our future
Authors: Ivănescu Maria-Alexandra
Published: October 2023

This article is an overview of how travel behavior and urban mobility are shaping and influencing each other. The paper is structured in two parts. The first one presents the factors that influence travel behavior and in the second one, a few examples of good practices and unsuccessful projects are analyzed in order to determine how community collaboration affects the planning and decision-making process. The behavior patterns are influenced by socio-demographic factors, land use, transportation, or travel costs. Lifestyle represents one of the important factors in choosing transportation services. Thus, understanding the user’s mobility patterns is a complex process and varies depending on the context and the needs.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, ...
Authors: Wehrend Axel , Moritz Andreas
Published: October 2023

der langjährige Schriftleiter der Zeitschrift Tierärztliche Praxis
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Hartwig Bostedt begeht in diesem Jahr seinen
85. Geburtstag. Zu diesem Anlass haben ehemalige Schüler, berufliche
Weggefährten und Reproduktionsmediziner die Gelegenheit erfasst, dem Jubilar
eine Reihe von Artikeln zu widmen.
Heat capacity of one-dimensional Kane oscillator
Authors: Babanlı A. M.
Published: October 2023

The one-dimensional Kane oscillator in a thermal bath is studied. It is found that the heat capacity of Kane electrons is four times greater than the heat capacity of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator for higher temperatures.
Simultaneous incorporation of micron and submicron fabrication, imaging in single X-ray beamline
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: October 2023

Multiscale X-ray lithography coupling with non-destructive fluoroscopy can achieve high-aspect ratio structures and real-time imaging.
Understanding ac losses in CORC cables of YBCO superconducting tapes by numerical simulations
Authors: Nguyen Linh N. , Shields Nathaniel , Ashworth Stephen , Nguyen Doan N.
Published: October 2023

Alternating current (ac) losses in conductor-on-rounded-core (CORC) cables of YBCO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes are a significant challenge in HTS power applications. This study employs two finite element analysis (FEA) models to investigate the contributions from different ac loss components and provide approaches for reducing ac losses in cables. An FEA model based on the T-A formulation treats the cross section of thin superconducting layers as 1D lines and, therefore, only can predict the ac loss generated by the perpendicular magnetic field. In contrast, the model based on H-formulation can be performed on the actual 2D rectangular cross section HTS tapes to provide the total ac losses generated by magnetic fluxes penetrating from both the edges and surfaces of HTS tapes, although this model requires more computing time and memory. The 1D and 2D simulation models were validated by cross comparing the results from both models and by comparing sub-section and full cross section models. Subsequently, two models relate cable design and operational parameters to the surface and edge losses of a two-layer CORC cable by considering the (1) relative contributions of edge and surface losses to the overall ac losses; (2) effect of the current distribution between inner and outer HTS layers on ac losses; (3) impact of the tape alignment on ac losses in each HTS layer; (4) influence of the thickness of HTS layers on ac losses; (5) effect of size and number of inter-tape gaps on ac losses; and (6) contribution frequency on the ac losses. The research results given in this paper are therefore not only valuable to suggest strategies for reducing ac loss in multi-layer cables but also for developing more accurate and effective methods to calculate ac loss in CORC HTS cables.
Thermal imaging by scanning photothermal radiometry
Authors: Mateos-Canseco Alejandro , Kusiak Andrzej , Battaglia Jean-Luc
Published: October 2023

In this work, a modulated photothermal radiometry principle is applied in a scanning configuration. This technique was developed with the aim of performing imaging and thermal characterization at the microscale and exploring characteristic times lower than those accessible by infrared thermography. The use of a heat source smaller than the measurement area provides high sensitivity to in-plane heat diffusion. Application to quantitative thermal characterization of advanced micro-structured materials is demonstrated.
Experimental investigations of combustion oscillation modes in a large-aspect-ratio dual-mode combustor equipped with multi-strut
Authors: Qiu Hongchao , Luan Guowei , Feng Guangjun , Zhang Junlong , Bao Wen
Published: October 2023

The annular scramjet combustor is considered one of the best configurations for a wide-speed-range combined engine, owing to its superior thermal protection performance and optimal geometric compatibility with rockets and turbines. To investigate the effect of fuel injection methods on the flame oscillation characteristics in the annular combustor, a scaled-down experiment was conducted on a fan-shaped combustor with a high aspect ratio equipped with multiple struts, utilizing liquid kerosene as the fuel. A series of experiments were conducted at the combustor inlet conditions of Ma = 2.7, Pt = 1.68 MPa, and Tt = 1640 K. High-speed cameras and pressure measurements were used in the experiments, and the flame images were processed using proper orthogonal decomposition. The findings revealed that under single-strut and multi-strut injection conditions, the flame oscillated in two modes: shear layer oscillation and central flame oscillation. As the equivalent ratio of injection strut increased, the oscillation frequency increased from 25 to 284 Hz, and the oscillation mode transition caused by the adverse pressure gradient occurred. The flashback was closely related to the combustion mode, and the distinct flame propagation processes under supersonic and subsonic flow conditions resulted in different oscillation characteristics. The experiment demonstrated that the flashback issue could be mitigated by increasing the spacing between the fuel injection struts. The study in this paper will provide important references for future research on flame oscillation and propagation characteristics in high-aspect-ratio annular combustors.
Four-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry measurements of unsteady three-dimensional vortex onset and progression for 5415 straight ahead, static drift, and pure sway
Authors: Sanada Yugo , Starman Zachary , Bhushan Shanti , Stern Frederick
Published: October 2023

Large-scale towed system four-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (4DPTV) implementation and measurements are presented for towing tank tests for a naval combatant 5415 ship model for straight ahead, static drift β = 10°, and pure sway βmax = 10° conditions. The results, for the first time, provide instantaneous volumetric flow field data around the ship model including near the hull surface, and a complete description of the sonar dome 3D unsteady vortex separation onset and progression due to the 4DPTV larger measurement volume and higher data rates in comparison with previous results using tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV); thereby, providing the essential data required for the assessment of current hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation turbulence modeling capabilities and guidance for the necessary modeling improvements. The 4DPTV system is summarized and compared with the previous TPIV, including the camera calibration procedures, trigger systems, and synchronization with the sway motion. Analysis procedures, including data reduction procedures and the 3D vortex core detection and voxel labeling techniques, are described. The identification of the complex vortex separations and breakdown is aided using complementary detached eddy simulations. The vortex–vortex interaction process is visualized from instantaneous volumetric datasets. The pros and cons of the 4DPTV vs TPIV, the comparison between the second- and third-generation vortex visualization technique, and the statistical convergence error analysis of sonar dome port vortex for β = 10° are discussed. Plans for increased spatial resolution of the 4DPTV system and additional data reduction techniques for detailed turbulence analysis are also discussed.
Dynamics of cascades in spatial interdependent networks
Authors: Gross Bnaya , Bonamassa Ivan , Havlin Shlomo
Published: October 2023

The dynamics of cascading failures in spatial interdependent networks significantly depends on the interaction range of dependency couplings between layers. In particular, for an increasing range of dependency couplings, different types of phase transition accompanied by various cascade kinetics can be observed, including mixed-order transition characterized by critical branching phenomena, first-order transition with nucleation cascades, and continuous second-order transition with weak cascades. We also describe the dynamics of cascades at the mutual mixed-order resistive transition in interdependent superconductors and show its similarity to that of percolation of interdependent abstract networks. Finally, we lay out our perspectives for the experimental observation of these phenomena, their phase diagrams, and the underlying kinetics, in the context of physical interdependent networks. Our studies of interdependent networks shed light on the possible mechanisms of three known types of phase transitions, second order, first order, and mixed order as well as predicting a novel fourth type where a microscopic intervention will yield a macroscopic phase transition.
Three-dimensional photoinduced force microscopy reveals artifacts from photothermal tip vibrations
Authors: Ritz Christian , Lu Bin , Theiler Pius M. , Stemmer Andreas
Published: October 2023

Photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) is a technique for nanoscale characterization of optically active materials. For correct data analysis, it is important to understand and recognize potential artifacts. In this study, we provide a Fourier-based framework for the different origins of the photoinduced force, including the photothermal motion of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip in PiFM measurements. We use individual gold nanoparticles as a model system to explore such tip-related phenomena and to demonstrate the benefits of three-dimensional analysis of the photoinduced force. Comparison of the in-phase heterodyne PiFM signal and the derivative of the tip–sample interaction, ∂⟨kts⟩/∂zc, directly reveals a photothermal origin for the PiFM signal in our experiments. Furthermore, we observe a lateral photothermal vibration of the tip apex induced by tip asymmetry. This lateral vibration emphasizes the importance of considering the motion of the AFM tip during data analysis. The improved lateral resolution conferred by ∂⟨kts⟩/∂zc can lead to misinterpretation. Our findings highlight that meticulous data analysis is required to ensure the correct interpretation of PiFM data.
Physical properties of LaBO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Co) thin films grown on SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition technique
Authors: Satapathy Bibek Ranjan , Kaur Ripudaman , Kumari Anamika , Mishra Hari Krishna , Anas Mohd , Vashist Amit , Kumar Sanjeev , Mandal Dipankar , Malik V. K. , Chakraverty Suvankar
Published: October 2023

Realizing an oxide thin film with proper stoichiometry is one of the most challenging objects in materials science. Owing to the growth dynamics as well as kinetics, the physical properties of thin films often differ from their bulk counterparts. Here, we report pulsed laser-deposited thin films of LaBO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Co) grown on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate under various thermodynamic conditions. Structural, magnetic, and optical studies have been carried out. The x-ray diffraction study confirms that an appropriate choice of growth thermodynamics may help one to realize epitaxially grown films on the SrTiO3 substrate with out-of-plane lattice parameters 3.976, 3.984, and 3.825 Å for LaMnO3 (LMO), LaFeO3 (LFO), and LaCoO3 (LCO), respectively. A mixed valence state of Mn2+, 3+, 4+ for LMO, a Fe3+ state for LFO, and a mixed state of Co2+, 3+ for LCO have been confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which is in good agreement with the Ellingham diagram. The optical study showed a bandgap of 1.2, 2.5, and 1.5 eV for LMO, LFO, and LCO, respectively. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) shows a glimpse of the valence band maximum and Fermi level position. UV, UPS, and photoconductive study simultaneously results in a type II band bending, i.e., staggered type bending is observed at these interfaces. Room temperature weak ferromagnetism along with the insulating nature and a sign of photovoltaic application of these thin films fascinate to carry forward rigorous study from fundamental as well as technological points of view.
Grand-canonical molecular dynamics simulations powered by a hybrid 4D nonequilibrium MD/MC method: Implementation in LAMMPS and applications to electrolyte solutions
Authors: Kim Jeongmin , Belloni Luc , Rotenberg Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Molecular simulations in an open environment, involving ion exchange, are necessary to study various systems, from biosystems to confined electrolytes. However, grand-canonical simulations are often computationally demanding in condensed phases. A promising method [L. Belloni, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 021101 (2019)], one of the hybrid nonequilibrium molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo algorithms, was recently developed, which enables efficient computation of fluctuating number or charge density in dense fluids or ionic solutions. This method facilitates the exchange through an auxiliary dimension, orthogonal to all physical dimensions, by reducing initial steric and electrostatic clashes in three-dimensional systems. Here, we report the implementation of the method in LAMMPS with a Python interface, allowing facile access to grand-canonical molecular dynamics simulations with massively parallelized computation. We validate our implementation with two electrolytes, including a model Lennard-Jones electrolyte similar to a restricted primitive model and aqueous solutions. We find that electrostatic interactions play a crucial role in the overall efficiency due to their long-range nature, particularly for water or ion-pair exchange in aqueous solutions. With properly screened electrostatic interactions and bias-based methods, our approach enhances the efficiency of salt-pair exchange in Lennard-Jones electrolytes by approximately four orders of magnitude, compared to conventional grand-canonical Monte Carlo. Furthermore, the acceptance rate of NaCl-pair exchange in aqueous solutions at moderate concentrations reaches about 3% at the maximum efficiency.