bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive psychological experiences in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Amonoo Hermioni L. , Brown Lydia A. , Scheu Carlyn F. , Millstein Rachel A. , Pirl William F. , Vitagliano Halyna L. , Antin Joseph H. , Huffman Jeff C.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Positive psychological constructs (e.g., optimism and hope) have been associated with superior health outcomes in the recovery from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in prior work. However, such studies have not examined a broad range of positive psychological constructs, their sources or evolution over time, or their connections with key health behaviors. We used semistructured qualitative interviews in 25 HSCT patients to explore the nature and sources of positive psychological experiences during the first 100 days after transplantation.

Methods

Participants completed interviews during their HSCT hospitalization and approximately 100 days after transplantation. Transcribed interviews were organized and analyzed using NVivo 12 software by two coders (κ = 0.92). Interviews focused on the breadth of positive psychological experiences, their sources and evolution during the 100 days, and participants' perceived impact of positive constructs on health behaviors.

Results

Several positive psychological constructs especially gratitude, determination, and optimism were frequently expressed. Family support and deliberate participation in pleasant and meaningful activities were the two primary sources of positive psychological experiences after HSCT. At baseline, participants consistently reported gratitude for their donors while follow‐up was consistently characterized by hope for cure and return to baseline level of functioning. Additionally, participants related bidirectional relationships between positive psychological well‐being experiences and completion of health behaviors over time.

Conclusions

As one of the first qualitative studies characterizing the breadth, sources, and evolution of positive psychological experiences in HSCT patients, these findings add to the literature aimed at understanding psychological well‐being in this complex and growing patient population.
The effects of slow loaded breathing training on exercise blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension
Authors: Ubolsakka‐Jones Chulee , Tongdee Phailin , Jones David A.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Slow loaded breathing training has been shown to reduce resting blood pressure (BP) in isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), but it is not known whether this also reduces their exaggerated BP responses to exercise.

Methods

The study was a randomized controlled trial with block allocation stratified by sex. Twenty ISH patients (68 ± 5 yrs, 11 males) were randomized with one group undertaking 8‐weeks training with slow loaded breathing (SLB: 25% maximum inspiratory pressure, 6 breaths per minute, 60 breaths every day) or deep breathing control (CON), with 8 weeks follow‐up. Outcome measures were home BP and heart rate (HR) with laboratory measures of BP and HR responses to static handgrip and dynamic arm cranking exercise. Data were compared with a two‐week run‐in baseline.

Results

Home systolic BP fell by 22 mmHg (20–23; mean, 95% CI), diastolic BP by 9 mmHg (7–11), and HR by 12 bpm (9–15; all p < .001) as a result of SLB training. Systolic BP at the end of 2‐min isometric handgrip was 189 ± 10 mmHg (mean, SD) before training and 157 ± 6 mmHg following SLB training. After 4‐min arm exercise, systolic BP, measured at the ankle, was reduced from 243 ± 8 mmHg during the run‐in period to 170 ± 15 mmHg after SLB training with no change for CON. The reduction in exercise BP, in both types of exercise, was partly due to a reduction in resting BP and to a smaller increase above resting. Systolic and pulse pressures remained below run‐in values 8 weeks after the end of SLB training, and BP response to handgrip exercise remained below run‐in values at 4 weeks after SLB training.

Conclusions

SLB not only reduces resting BP in ISH but also the responses to both static and dynamic exercise, potentially reducing the negative aspect of exercise for cardiovascular health.
Small Al cluster ion implantation into Si and 4H‐SiC
Authors: Zeng Xiaomei , Pelenovich Vasiliy , Ieshkin Alexei , Danilov Andrey , Tolstogouzov Alexander , Zuo Wenbin , Ranjana Jha , Hu Donghong , Devi Neena , Fu Dejun , Xiao Xiangheng
Published: May 2019

Rationale

Continuously downscaling integrated circuit devices requires fabrication of shallower p‐n junctions. The ion implantation approach at low energy is subject to low beam current due to the Coulomb repulsion. To overcome this problem cluster ions can be used for implantation. In comparison with single ions, cluster ions possess lower energy per atom and reduced Coulomb repulsion resulting in high equivalent current.

Methods

In this study to carry out low‐energy implantation into single crystalline silicon and 4H‐SiC samples we employ Aln− (n = 1–5) clusters with energy in the range of 5–20 keV. The Al clusters are obtained by Cs sputtering of Al rod. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS; IONTOF TOF.SIMS‐5) is used to study aluminum and oxygen sputter depth profiles for different cluster sizes and implantation energies before and after annealing treatment.

Results

A distinguishable effect of the energy per atom in the cluster on reduction of the projected range Rp is revealed. The lowest Rp of 3 ± 1 nm has been achieved in SiC samples at the energy per atom of 1.66 keV. After annealing of Si samples, a considerable change in the Al profiles due to redistribution of Al atoms during motion of the front of recrystallization is observed. The influence of the number of atoms in the cluster at the same energy per atom within the experimental uncertainty is not observed.

Conclusions

The transient effects of the sputtering by the primary ion beam distort the shape of the Al profiles in Si samples. In the case of SiC, due to its relatively lower surface chemical activity, more informative TOF‐SIMS depth profiling of the shallow cluster implantation is feasible.
Model‐independent consensus control of Euler‐Lagrange agents with interconnecting delays
Authors: Hernández‐Guzmán Victor M. , Orrante‐Sakanassi J.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce, for the first time, a proportional‐integral‐derivative controller to solve the consensus problem for networked Euler‐Lagrange agents. The proposed control scheme solves both the leaderless and the leader‐follower consensus problems without requiring the exact knowledge of any part of the agent model. Contrary to the previous studies in the literature, we do not require either to cancel any part of the agent model, which renders robust our approach, nor employ discontinuous controllers. It is proven that both consensus problems are solved globally and asymptotically and the presence of bounded time‐varying communicating delays is considered.
Seasonal differences in diversity of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa in a Midwestern stream
Authors: Pant Manisha , Nepal Vaskar , West John L. , Colombo Robert E.
Published: May 2019

Most biomonitoring projects focus on single species groups at time scales either too short or too coarse to detect intra‐annual oscillations in biodiversity. Using a multifaceted approach, we compared diversity indices of larval macroinvertebrate families and fish species in a Midwestern stream during spring and fall of 2009–2013 and discovered contrasting patterns in α and β diversities between the seasons for the two taxa groups. Compared with spring, both α and β diversities were significantly higher during fall for macroinvertebrates; on the contrary, only α diversity differed between the seasons for fishes. For both taxa, we partitioned the overall β diversity to identify contributions of temporal and spatial β diversities on the observed differences. The observed patterns for macroinvertebrates were likely the result of season acting as environmental filter, but stochastic dispersal and recruitment processes were likely more important in driving fish diversity patterns. In light of widespread conservation and restoration efforts in the Midwestern streams, it seems prudent to study community composition frequently so that baseline α and β diversities can be obtained for organisms at different taxonomic levels and during different seasons.
4‐3: Distinguished Paper: 10 µm Pixel, Quantum‐dots Color Conversion Layer for High Resolution and Full Color Active Matrix Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Kim Hyo-Min , Ryu Misun , Cha James H.J. , Kim Hyun Soo , Jeong Tak , Jang Jin
Published: May 2019

A fine patternable quantum‐dots (QDs) color conversion layer (CCL) for high resolution and full color active matrix (AM) micro‐LED display is demonstrated. QDs CCL could be patterned until 10 µm using photolithography process. It is found that multi‐coatings with R‐ and G‐QD CCLs on LED array can provide full color AM display.
8‐4: An Improved Image Data Compensation Method for Circular Display
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Wu Yu , Chen Yinhung , Zhao Bin , Liu Linfeng
Published: May 2019

In this work, an efficient method is proposed to improve the visual quality of circular display. The compensation coefficient of the pixels at arc edge is calculated by their distance from the center of the circle. Experimental results show that the jagged edges of circular display can be effectively reduced by the given method.
21‐3: Touchscreen for Eyes‐Free Interaction Utilizing Electrostatic Force, Lateral Motion, and a Force Sensor
Authors: Haga Hiroshi , Sasaki Harue , Asai Takuya , Yang Yiping , Shigemura Koji
Published: May 2019

We demonstrated a tactile‐feedback touchscreen featuring eyes‐free interaction. A texture sensation is presented on on‐screen button by electrostatic force to locate the button with a user's finger. A click sensation is presented by a lateral motion to confirm the press action.
23‐2: 2351‐ppi OLED Display with Stacked OS‐FETs with L = 0.36 µm
Authors: Shishido Hideaki , Kimura Kiyotaka , Nomura Masumi , Hirose Takeya , Kato Sho , Aoyama Tomoya , Nomura Shiho , Nei Kosei , Okazaki Yutaka , Ikeda Takayuki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

A 2351‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display incorporating memories in pixels is proposed. Each pixel contains stacked oxide semiconductor (OS) field‐effect transistors (FETs) (with a channel length of 0.36 μm), which are used to create the memory in the pixel.
25‐1: Invited Paper: Achieving high uniformity and yield of 200 mm GaN‐on‐Si LED epiwafers for micro LED applications with precise strain‐engineering
Authors: Nishikawa A. , Loesing A. , Slischka B.
Published: May 2019

One of the big challenges of micro LED displays is to reduce cost/increase yield and establish excellent manufacturability. Galliumnitride on silicon (GaN‐on‐Si) LED epiwafers offer fundamental cost advantages to the entire process flow for micro LEDs compared with conventional GaN‐on‐sapphire LED epiwafers. However, due to the difficulties of epitaxial growth of GaN‐on‐Si, demonstration of such cost advantages in micro LED application is not wide‐spread yet. In this presentation, we have demonstrated excellent emission uniformity with well‐controlled strain by precise strain‐engineering. This opens the way to use the advantages of GaN‐on‐Si LED epiwafers in the entire supply chain of micro LED making and thus reduce cost significantly and enable high yield manufacturing.
25‐5: Late‐News Paper: 1,053 ppi Full‐Color “Silicon Display” based on Micro‐LED Technology
Authors: Onuma Hiroaki , Maegawa Masumi , Kurisu Takashi , Ono Takashi , Akase Shigeyuki , Yamaguchi Shinji , Momotani Naoto , Fujita Yusuke , Kondo Yuhei , Kubota Kentaro , Yoshida Toshimi , Ikawa Yuta , Ono Tsuyoshi , Higashisaka Hiroyoshi , Hirano Yasuaki , Kawanishi Hidenori
Published: May 2019

This paper reports a novel micro‐LED display bonded onto silicon driver, which we call “Silicon Display”. 0.38‐inch full‐color display with a resolution of 1,053 ppi was successfully demonstrated. Its color gamut was shown to meet sRGB requirement. “Silicon Display” is ideally suited for near‐to‐eye displays.
32‐4: High transparent Active matrix Mini‐LED Full Color Display with IGZO TFT Backplane
Authors: Fan Jack , Lee Chia-Yu. , Chen Shu-jhih , Gang Liu Ming , Jun Zhang Li , Yang Sun , Cai Lu Ma , Fei Xie Hua , Nian Liu , Shi Jianqing , Shen Chongyu , Liu Jay Guoxu
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we presented a active matrix mini‐LEDs full color display with high transmittance over 60%. An 8‐inch display with RGB mini‐LEDs with top gate structure IGZO TFT backplane was demonstrated, which is 46 PPI and 256 grayscales and the pixel pitch is less than 0.55mm. It is the first time to realized the full color display based on RGB mini‐LEDs and chip on glass with top gate structure IGZO TFT backplane. We believe that it is a good breakthrough and demonstration for developing large‐size Micro LED backplane and displays.
36‐1: Variable Transmission Electrophoretic Films
Authors: McCreary Michael D. , Paolini Richard J. , Smith Jillian A. , Telfer Stephen J. , Widger Peter C. B.
Published: May 2019

Flexible variable transmission films (VTFs) have been developed and demonstrated using charged, polarizable pigment particles. Unlike electrochromic VTF devices, these E Ink films have a neutral black color and are not current driven. And unlike conventional PDLCs, the films are truly bistable, requiring no power to maintain the transmission states. Applications include automotive sunroofs and windows as well as architectural skylights and windows where energy savings and improved lighting comfort can be realized.
42‐1: Invited Paper: Bit‐Depth Constrained Black Level for High Dynamic Range Displays
Authors: Boitard Ronan , Ploumis Stelios , Damberg Gerwin , Ballestad Anders
Published: May 2019

High Dynamic Range (HDR) workflows provide increased peak luminance and lower black levels leading to a significantly enhanced quality of experience. HDR pixels also represent more tonal values across the dynamic range by using a higher bit‐depth along with different perceptual transfer functions. However, many light emitting display devices modulate light using a limited bit‐depth in the linear domain. It is thus challenging for such display systems to achieve simultaneously high peak luminance and high amount of information in the shadows. In this paper, we assess the required bit‐depth to accurately reproduce the shadow information of an HDR signal for different display capabilities.
45‐4: Near‐eye Foveated Display for Achieving Human Visual Acuity
Authors: Tan Guanjun , Lee Yun-Han , Zhan Tao , Yang Jilin , Liu Sheng , Zhao Dongfeng , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate a multi‐resolution foveated display, to achieve retina‐level angular resolution while keeping wide field‐of‐view (FOV), with two display panels and an optical combiner. The first panel provides a wide FOV and the second one offers an ultra‐high resolution for the central fovea region, by an optical minifying system which enhances the effective resolution by up to 5×. Moreover, a switchable Pancharatnam‐Berry phase deflector is employed to actively shift the high‐resolution region to enable eye‐tracking. The proposed design can effectively suppress pixelation and screen‐door effect in near‐eye displays.
49‐3: Invited Paper: Holographic Augmented Reality Head Up Display for Vehicle Application
Authors: Chen Cheng-Huan , Lin Wei-Ting , Lee Stanley , Luo Kuang-Tso
Published: May 2019

Holographic display based on liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator is capable of changing image position without mechanical movement, and this feature is especially suitable for vehicle head up display to resolve accommodation issue and apply for augmented reality scenario. A prototype has demonstrated the capability of changing image position between 3 m to 30 m from the windshield.
50‐4: A Novel Evaluation Method for Short‐Residual Image of AMOLED Display
Authors: Peng Jintao , Peng Kuanjun , Zhang Fangzhen , Sun Shuang , Niu Jing , Zhou Tingting , Niu Yanan , Shi Lubin , Ren Jinyu
Published: May 2019

The hysteresis behavior in TFTs caused short‐residual image of AMOLED Display. Hysteresis and optical method are two kinds of traditional evaluation methods. In the practical operation, hysteresis method is not sufficient, and optical method need a product after module process, which has some limitations, such as high production costs, long cycle. In this paper, we provide a novel evaluation method, which can match well with the results of hysteresis and optical method. The novel evaluation has an advantage in accuracy, production costs and cycle, compared with traditional method.
51‐3: New ADS pixel design with Black Post Spacer for 8k application
Authors: Wang Hong-run , Hou Kai , Yang Yue , Dong Li-wen , Niu Hai-jun , Liao Feng , IM Yunsik , Chen Xiao-Chuan
Published: May 2019

We present a new ADS pixel design base on BPS (Black Post Spacer) on array technology to improve transmittance and save to cost. By putting BPS above data line, light leakage caused by data electric field was prevented, leading to higher transmittance in 8k application. In this paper, we studied key parameter and the optical performance of the new pixel design.
60‐5: Late‐News Paper: 17‐inch Transparent AMOLED Display With Self‐Assembled Auxiliary Electrode
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Chang Yilu , Wang Qi , Zhang Yingjie , Qiu Jacky , Helander Michael , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Tsai Wei-Lung , Chen Kuan-Ting , Ho Jia-Chong
Published: May 2019

A novel top electrode (e.g., cathode) patterning technology using self‐assembly has been developed. The fabrication process is compatible with existing vacuum thermal evaporation techniques used in AMOLED mass production. The minimum feature size of the patterned electrode is demonstrated down to <6 μm. This method can be used to fabricate an auxiliary electrode on the top of an AMOLED display with sheet resistance < 1 Ω/□ and without damaging the sensitive front plane. Applications include reducing the IR drop in medium to large size panels and improving the performance of transparent AMOLED displays. A 17‐inch transparent AMOLED display panel with >60% transmission and improved performance was demonstrated using this technique.
67‐1: Invited Paper: Design of an Advanced Bottom‐emission AMOLED Display for TVs with High‐PPI and Large Size
Authors: Wu Yuan-Chun , Xue Yan , Han Bai-Xiang , Chaw Gary , Lin Zhen-Guo , Hsu Yuan-Jun , Fu Jian-Hang , Hwang Tai-Jiun , Lu Po-Yen
Published: May 2019

Top‐gate typed amorphous‐indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film‐transistors (TFTs) and a technologically advanced transparent storage capacitance structure have been successfully employed in pixel circuits. The design procedure was systematically studied. Eventually, a 15‐inch gate‐driver‐on‐array (GOA) drived active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display was demonstrated with a high resolution of 147 ppi.
70‐4: Late‐News Paper: Electronic Contact Lens for Senses beyond Sight
Authors: Donora Matthew , Underwood Ian
Published: May 2019

Most advances in electronic contact lenses are aimed at active vision enhancement. Here, additional sensing and display functionalities are discussed. Integration of individually addressable microelectrodes (30 µm diameter) is demonstrated for biomarker detection in tear fluid, with a focus on future applications, challenges, and integration with display technology.
74‐1: A New Flexible Thin Film Encapsulation Structure with High Reliability and Wide Color‐Viewing‐Angle
Authors: Guo Tianfu , Wang Kan , Lu Rui , Fan Congcong , Wang Yijia , Huang Jing , Hsu Hsiang Lun
Published: May 2019

We report a new thin film encapsulation structure composited of atomic layer deposition layer and organic wrinkles, which show a 13% improvement in color‐viewing‐angle with no decrease in storage lifetime. We also made a demo with the new TFE film, and shows an excellent flexibility performance, which indicates a great potential in wide viewing‐angle flexible display applications.
82‐5: Late‐News Paper: Three Dimensionally Stretchable AMOLED Display for Freeform Displays
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Shin Jae Min , Hong Jong-Ho , Park Gyung Soon , Joo Hyejin , Park Jun Hyeong , Lee Gyujeong , Yoon Jangyeol , Shin Hosik , Jo Sung-Chan , Lee Changhee , Kwag Jinoh
Published: May 2019

In this work, we report the 14.1‐inch stretchable active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLED) display, featuring multi curvatures which allowed convex or concave type. There were lots of technological innovations such as a unique pixel structure, fabrication on patterned stretchable substrate, and three dimensional forming process. Regardless of its promising potentials, they still have several remaining issues which should be resolved in the near future. In this paper, we will discuss on several strategies to make improvements. Finally, we demonstrate the newly designed 14.1‐inch stretchable AMOLED display.
P‐10: A 5.5‐inch Real HD AMOLED Smartphone with IGZO Backplane
Authors: Kuo P.-S. , Su Chih-Yu , Lee Chang-Yeh , Jhih-Jie Huang , CHING-KAI LO , Wei Chung-Ching , Liu Han-Lung , Shu-Wei Chu , Wu Shen-Yu , Hsien Tseng Shih , Lung Lu Hsuan , Li Yuanhang , Cao Shangcao , Qiao Xiaoping , Liu Shaofan , Tseng Chih-Yuan
Published: May 2019

We developed a 5.5 inch real HD AMOLED smartphone with IGZO backplane. The a‐IGZO TFT with Etching Stop Layer (ESL) structure was fabricated at Gen 6 glass substrate. The aIGZO shows its superiority in low cost and low leakage current. The high reliability of a‐IGZO TFT was demonstrated. The optical and electrical characteristics of OLED cell are also shown.
P‐39: Development of High‐Performance LCD for Advanced 3D HUD
Authors: Mochizuki Yu , Murata Mitsuhiro , Tanaka Yoshiki , Hosokawa Toshihiko , Ogura Kenji , Kamoshida Kenta , Kusafuka Kaoru , Matsumoto Takuya
Published: May 2019

We developed a new 4.1”LCD for optimal 3D‐Heads Up Displays which enhance advanced safety driving support.

This LCD requires high transmittance and contrast We achieved these optical properties by utilizing high aperture ratio pixels, optimized liquid crystal (LC) material and optical design We developed this new 3D‐HUD using a 4.1” display and we proved this LCD is optimal for AR‐HUD units.
P‐40: E‐Mirror Automatic Dimming Reflectance Control
Authors: Weindorf Paul
Published: May 2019

For the electronic display based rear view mirror (E‐Mirror) systems, there is a need to demonstrate automatic mirror dimming. This document describes the approach to accomplish the automatic dimming control function for the bi‐modal E‐Mirror including a user preference control method. The user preference control is based on a unique constant dimming ratio method that appears “linear” in nature to the user. This unique user preference control is made possible with a new mathematic concept of a negative fractional power function together with a constant reflectance ratio concept.
P‐83: Wide Angle Light‐Field Holographic Display System with Angular Multiplexing
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng , Chuang Chih-Hao , Chang Hsuan-Ting , Lin Hoang-Yan , Chen Chien-Yu
Published: May 2019

A wide viewing angle light‐field holographic display system is proposed in this study. The phase information of the sub image is modulated with the Modified Gerchberg‐Saxton algorithm (MGSA). With the angular multiplexing, it can provide different viewing angle images, and merge all sub phase information into image array.

The multi‐angle hologram is reconstructed with the micro lens array, and the field of view in this system is ±10°. In this study, the combination of light‐field display and angular multiplexing CGH is successful to solve the limitation of view‐angle and the effect of crosstalk caused by image overlap. This innovative dual system would be the key 3D display development in order to enhance the reality of images.
P‐124: Perovskite Quantum Dots Display: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sinatra Lutfan , Lutfullin Marat , Mozo Sergio Lentijo , Pan Jun , Bakr Osman M.
Published: May 2019

Current results on the development of perovskite quantum dots for LCD displays are presented. It includes optimizing the synthesis, ligands engineering and shelling strategies to improve the quantum dots stability. Using these strategies, we are able to demonstrate the prototype of QDs polymer film for LCD backlighting that is stable during accelerated stability tests.
P‐143: TSP Pattern Design and Sensitivity Characterization via Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Park Hyun Sung , Jeong Choong Min , Jeong Keuk Jin , Seo Suyul , Choi Yujin , Seo Yudeok , Seo Dongjin , Park Youngkwan
Published: May 2019

This work presents the first demonstration of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based touch screen panel(TSP) sensitivity prediction. By developing a combined model of the neural network and the numerical simulation, we have accomplished four distinct achievements: (1) development of a novel TSP pattern generation algorithm (2) establishment of an automation TSP sensitivity simulation system for massive TSP pattern database; (3) demonstration of a CNN model with stable and strong performance; (4) >100x improvement of tact time in TSP performance prediction. As such, this work opens up new class of TSP performance prediction by using a convolutional neural network.
P‐205: Late‐News Poster: LED Induced Vertical Alignment Surface for High Performance Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Tseng Man-Chun , Zhao Chen-Xiang , Tang Shu-Tuen , Yeung Fion Sze-Yan , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: May 2019

Photoalignment is one of the best candidates of the proven market for multi domain display. It allows nearly free pattern to the liquid crystal alignment direction compared to the conventional rubbed polyimide. Most of the available photoalignment materials require polarized deep UV irradiation with a finite dosage. With the consideration of the current limitation with such a small working window, a vertical photoalignment surface by non‐polarized LED light irradiation with large wavelength is proposed and demonstrated. The alignment direction of proposed surface is generated by the inclined non‐polarized light. The measurement results show the alignment properties of this proposed alignment surface are comparable to conventional polyimide. It has stable and uniform pretilt angle, high polar anchoring energy and fast response time. As a result, the proposed alignment layer is robust and especially suitable for large‐area liquid crystal displays which require high performance with stable pretilt angles and multi‐domain purposes.
P‐157: Narrow Border Black Photo Spacer Display Technology
Authors: Zhang Yihe , Zhang Yinfeng , Cao Wu , Li Xuan , Zhang Qi , Lin Yunglun , Chiu Chung-Yi , RAY  , Zhou Hang
Published: May 2019

In Black Photo Spacer (BPS) technology, Around gap mura (AGM) is the main reason which limits the application in narrow border display. Using gray tone mask design, AGM can be improved by reduing the film thickness and keeping cell gap uniformity. For the first time, we realize narrow border display application with BPS technology.
P‐164: Low reflectivity Material Development for Border‐less LCD Product
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Song Yongzhi , Ding Xiangqian , Fu Fangbin , Jia Yihe , Han Hao , Chen Weitao
Published: May 2019

Low reflectivity material for border‐less LCD product was studied in this paper, and the design of reflectivity structure was also given. For composite film material, an a‐Si/SiNx two‐layer structure can reduce reflectivity by control its’ thickness. Experiment result shows that reflectivity drops from 17.59% to 13.53% when a‐Si thickness downs from 350 Å to 150 Å, both samples have a 800 Å thickness of SiNx. MoOx mono‐film was also researched and the reflectivity could be reduced to about 5% at green light wave band. Metal layer on MoOx film influents reflectivity on long‐wave spectrum considerably, samples with Mo/Al/Mo layer have a low reflectivity on full‐/wave band and a black appearance, while the ones with Cu layer have a rising reflectivity on long‐wave band and a dark red color. Furthermore, the reflectivity of doping Ta was studied in MoOx. Ta could adjust the reflectivity of MoOx , and 6% of the doping ratio is the best.
P‐212: Late‐News Poster: Influence of Index Matching Epoxy Filler at the Encapsulation Part for the Performance of TEOLED with Internal Wrinkle Structure
Authors: Kim Dae Yeong , Jung Seon Hyeak , Suh Min Chul
Published: May 2019

In this work, we applied random wrinkle structure to top emitting organic light emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) inside. Also, by introducing index matching epoxy filler into the encapsulation part, we could dramatically improve the current efficiency with maintaining the suppression effect of viewing angle dependence as well as color shift.
Molecular Modulation of Root Development by Ethylene
Authors: Qin Hua , Ma Changle , Zhou Yun , Miao Yuchen , Huang Rongfeng
Published: May 2019

Plant roots explore the soil environment in search for water and nutrients required for growth. Multiple physiological and genetic studies have provided ample evidence in support of the role of plant hormones in root growth and development. Among them, ethylene is a simple gas phytohormone and its regulation of root growth has been extensively studied. This review summarizes the molecular regulation of root development by ethylene. Through use of genetic screening, high‐throughput nucleotide sequencing techniques, and CRISPR‐Cas9 technology, many potential genes involved in ethylene‐regulated root growth are discovered. Thus, this review provides an overview of ethylene in root growth, which provides guidance for crop breeding to engineer better crop varieties of root architectures.
One‐Step Blade‐Coated Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Self‐Assembled Interfacial Layer Enabled by Solvent Vapor Annealing
Authors: Lin Yuanbao , Yu Liyang , Xia Yuxin , Firdaus Yuliar , Dong Sheng , Müller Christian , Inganäs Olle , Huang Fei , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Zhang Fengling , Hou Lintao
Published: May 2019

A pronounced enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 38% is achieved in one‐step doctor‐blade printing organic solar cells (OSCs) via a simple solvent vapor annealing (SVA) step. The organic blend composed of a donor polymer, a nonfullerene acceptor, and an interfacial layer (IL) molecular component is found to phase‐separate vertically when exposed to a solvent vapor‐saturated atmosphere. Remarkably, the spontaneous formation of a fine, self‐organized IL between the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer and the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode facilitated by SVA yields solar cells with a significantly higher PCE (11.14%) than in control devices (8.05%) without SVA and in devices (10.06%) made with the more complex two‐step doctor‐blade printing method. The stratified nature of the ITO/IL/BHJ/cathode is corroborated by a range of complementary characterization techniques including surface energy, cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that a spontaneously formed IL with SVA treatment combines simplicity and precision with high device performance, thus making it attractive for large‐area manufacturing of next‐generation OSCs.
Enzymatic Modification of Granular Potato Starch ‐ Effect of Debranching on Morphological, Molecular, and Functional Properties
Authors: Asiri Saeed A. , Flöter Eckhard , Ulbrich Marco
Published: May 2019

The debranching enzyme pullulanase (PUL) is used in order to conduct a partial conversion of a regular granular potato starch (PS) improving the techno‐functional properties when used as a gelling agent. The starch is hydrolyzed systematically by grading the amount of a technical enzyme solution added (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL PUL solution) resulting 400 g of a 20% (w/w) suspension. Morphological characteristics of the granules (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), swelling behavior (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), polymer solubility, hot paste viscosity, gel strength, and molecular properties of the starch samples (size exclusion chromatography‐multi angle laser light scattering‐differential refractive index detection, SEC‐MALS‐DRI) as well as the respective separated amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP; size exclusion chromatography‐conventional standard calibration‐differential refractive index detection, SEC‐cal‐DRI) branch chains fractions are comprehensively analyzed. The granule surface is visibly affected, but the granular structure is largely intact. The DSC gelatinization characteristics are impacted manifold, and the solubility, in particular when disintegrated using pressure cooking, increases. The hot paste viscosity decreases, while the ability to form mechanically stable gel structures increases due to modification. The weight‐average molar mass (Mw) decreases from 38.2 × 106 (native) to 2.3 × 106 g mol−1 (40 mL PUL solution), in particular due to cleavage of α‐1,6‐linkages within the AP. Surprisingly, the detailed analysis reveals a concomitant and remarkable degradation of the AM‐fraction. The partial hydrolysis of granular starch by means of a debranching enzyme is shown to be basically a very specific, fast, and serious alternative to e.g., the acid‐tinning process.
Field measurement and aeroelastic wind tunnel test of wind‐induced vibrations of lattice tower
Authors: Huang Peng , Chen Sheng , Gu Ming
Published: May 2019

Lattice towers are among the most vulnerable structures during typhoons. In this study, the wind engineering research field base near Shanghai Pudong International Airport was used to measure the mean wind speeds and directions at a height of 10 m, as well as the accelerations atop a 40‐m high lattice tower during Typhoons Neoguri and Nakri to investigate the characteristics of the near‐ground wind and the responses of the lattice tower. Moreover, an aeroelastic model of the lattice tower was generated by the discrete stiffness method. Using the wind tunnel test of the aeroelastic model, the root mean square accelerations of the tower were studied with different wind speeds and directions. The responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction were found always higher than those in the along‐wind direction, which meant the vortex shedding of each single cylinder had an impact on the responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction. The test results were compared with those of field measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the aeroelastic model, and the two were generally in a good agreement. Thus, the aeroelastic model could precisely simulate the dynamic characteristics of a prototypical lattice tower using the discrete stiffness method.
The Constitution of Spain: The Challenges for the Constitutional Order Under European and Global Governance
Authors: Solanes Mullor Joan , Torres Pérez Aida
Published: May 2019

Although the constitutional text has remained nearly untouched – only twice has the Spanish Constitution been amended since its enactment in 1978 – global and European governance have deeply transformed the constitutional order. The impact of the process of European integration upon the Constitution is an open and evolving phenomenon, encompassing the challenge to constitutional supremacy, the incorporation of new sources of law, an imbalance between the legislative and executive powers, the enhanced role of the judiciary, the multilevel protection of fundamental rights and the transformation of regionalism as a model for organising the territorial power. First, this report will analyse the constitutional amendments regarding EU membership and the constitutional limits to European integration. Indeed, the only two constitutional amendments were both prompted by the EU. Secondly, the impact of EU integration upon the protection of constitutional rights will be critically examined, with special emphasis on the economic crisis. The obligations deriving from the EU might undermine the protection of constitutional rights, as the introduction of the European Arrest Warrant, the Data Retention Directive and the austerity measures adopted in the context of the economic crisis have shown. Thirdly and more generally, global governance has had constitutional implications, for instance regarding the strengthening of the executive power vis-à-vis the legislative, pressures on the welfare state, the fight against terrorism, the curtailing of powers of the Autonomous Communities and the response to immigration. In this context, it is necessary to recast the relationship between the Global-European spheres and the national constitutional order to ensure respect for the principles of the rule of law, the separation of powers and the protection of fundamental rights.
Portugal: The Impact of European Integration and the Economic Crisis on the Identity of the Constitution
Authors: Coutinho Francisco Pereira , Piçarra Nuno
Published: May 2019

The Portuguese Constitution of 1976 shares some of the main features of the constitutions adopted after the fall of an authoritarian regime, such as detailed rules and enforceability in court. The constitutional culture is mostly influenced by continental constitutional traditions, especially the French constitutional experience as regards the organisation of the state, and Germany in relation to the rule of law and fundamental rights. Rights from the first to the fourth generation are protected in some sixty articles, with detailed sub-clauses, and with a particularly strong social solidarity dimension and social rights. In the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, measures have often been annulled on the grounds of violation of the principles of equality, proportionality and the protection of legitimate expectations. This approach was enhanced in relation to the drastic austerity measures resulting from the European Union and IMF bailout programmes. The so-called austerity case law has been praised by some commentators, but criticised by others who have accused the Court of insularity, inconsistency and of engaging in judicial activism. Other areas where transnational law has presented challenges include retroactive effect of EU regulations, publication of IMF decisions and international extraditions. The European Arrest Warrant and Data Retention Directive did not raise constitutional issues. Amendments of the Constitution with a view to EU and international co-operation are extensive. These include removal of several programmatic provisions regarding the social orientation.
The Czech Republic: From a Euro-Friendly Approach of the Constitutional Court to Proclaiming a Court of Justice Judgment Ultra Vires
Authors: Kühn Zdeněk
Published: May 2019

The Czech Constitution of 1992, associated with the revolutionary fervour of the 1989 Velvet Revolution, attempted to annihilate the Communist, totalitarian heritage. According to the judgments of the Constitutional Court (CCC), this meant that the rule of law in a constitutional state has not only a formal but also a substantive side, expressing the fundamental, inviolable values of a democratic society. There was a break from an approach that had seen the judiciary as a submissive and unthinking instrument of enforcement. In relation to EU law, several measures have been subject to constitutional challenges, including domestic acts implementing the European Arrest Warrant, the Data Retention Directive, and EU sugar quotas. The Czech Constitutional Court, which has a strong position, has underlined its EU-friendly approach. At the same time, for exceptional, flagrant cases, the CCC has retained the constitutional limits based on the democratic, rule-of-law-based state (unamendable provision under Art. 9(2) of the Constitution) and the protection of fundamental rights. Notably, in Landtová, the CCC declared an ECJ judgment ultra vires. In general, the reasoning of the CCC often follows that of the German Constitutional Court. In the practice of the ordinary courts, it emerges from the report that the Czech courts have adopted a rights-protective approach and carry out judicial review, including in European Arrest Warrant cases and other mutual recognition cases. The EU amendments in the Constitution are considered brief but sufficient.
Questionnaire for the Constitutional Law Experts of the Research Project ‘The Role and Future of National Constitutions in European and Global Governance’
Authors: Albi Anneli
Published: May 2019

The Questionnaire forms the basis for the twenty-nine national reports which were prepared as part of the research project ‘The Role and Future of National Constitutions in European and Global Governance’, funded by a five-year European Research Council grant. The Questionnaire contains three main parts, which address the following issues: (1) constitutional culture and constitutional amendments regarding EU membership; (2) constitutional/fundamental rights, the rule of law and constitutional adjudication regarding EU measures such as the Data Retention Directive, European Arrest Warrant and ESM Treaty; and (3) novel challenges that are increasingly highlighted in the wider context of global governance (i.e. beyond the classic international treaties that advance human rights, peace and environmental protection) in relation to democratic participation, judicial review and the rule of law. The different parts of the Questionnaire each start with a brief background outlining the specific constitutional issues or challenges encountered in some Member States, and subsequently invite the national constitutional law experts to explore these in relation to their respective countries. Whilst the mainstream English language European constitutional discourse has typically focused on autonomous EU constitutional law, the Questionnaire seeks to make available case law, doctrine and constitutional debates from the perspective of a multitude of national constitutional systems. It should be noted that the Questionnaire was prepared in 2013-14 when critical scholarly and public discussion about EU and transnational governance was generally rare; the Questionnaire does not address the recent illiberal trends.
The Constitution of France in the Context of EU and Transnational Law: An Ongoing Adjustment and Dialogue to Be Improved
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence , Astresses Pierre-Vincent , Bruck Véronique
Published: May 2019

In terms of the French constitutional culture, the Constitution (of the Fifth Republic), adopted in 1958, grew out of specific circumstances relating to the previous regime, with the aim to ensure the primacy of the executive. Fundamental rights protection emerged later and is mainly based on the ECHR; the main domestic instrument is the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The possibility for individuals to challenge the constitutionality of legislative provisions that violate their rights was introduced by a constitutional amendment of 2008 establishing ex post control of constitutionality. Judicial review is regarded as deferent to the political institutions. With regard to EU law, the Constitution has extensively been amended, typically following a finding by the Constitutional Council that a new treaty affects ‘the essential conditions for the exercise of national sovereignty’. The report observes a reluctance of French institutions to fully participate in a dynamic dialogue with the EU integration process. Although this has recently changed with a more constructive approach on the part of the Constitutional Council, the report observes deficiencies in democratic deliberation and the reluctance to push for a solid fundamental rights protection in the EU. The report advocates a so-called pro homine clause, which has been considered in France, to guarantee that the individual would always benefit from the highest level of protection, whether it is provided for by European, international or national instruments. The report also notes a more general concern amongst a part of the French population about a barefaced economic liberalism in the EU and its effect of deteriorating their living conditions.
The Cypriot Constitution Under the Impact of EU Law: An Asymmetrical Formation
Authors: Kombos Constantinos , Laulhé Shaelou Stéphanie
Published: May 2019

The Constitution of Cyprus (1960) is described in the report as unique and as a hybrid model. On the one hand, it has been seen as one of the world’s most rigid and detailed constitutions; on the other hand, some parts are governed by the doctrine of necessity, given the division of the country. Special features include a strong protection of social rights and of the right to property; the protection granted to these and some other rights goes beyond the protection afforded by the ECHR. Cyprus has a mixed model of constitutional review. Fundamental rights based review is strong, with provisions interpreted in favour of the individual in cases of doubt. Resorting to constitutional amendments has become a tool for addressing issues related with the idiosyncrasies of the Cypriot Constitution. The use of this approach has become more frequent in the last two decades, whereas there had been a persistent refusal to amend the Constitution in the previous years. With regard to EU law, the Constitution has been amended to remove conflicts, including by virtue of Art. 1A, modelled loosely on the blanket EU clause of the Irish Constitution. At times, the amendments have even proved to be excessive, e.g. as regards an amendment pertaining to the EU Data Retention Directive that was subsequently annulled. The Constitution has also been amended to remove barriers to the European Arrest Warrant, alas in an incomplete way, at least initially; in parallel, the initially rights-protective approach of Cypriot courts has gradually been watered down. The cases regarding EU sugar stocks measures raised issues regarding the principles of legitimate expectations and non-retroactivity of charges. The report raises the issue of a lack of debate about constitutional limits to EU law. It highlights the merits of a dissenting judicial opinion in the so-called ‘bail-in’ case that cautioned against elimination of the rule of law and judicial protection.
Domain walls in high-T SU(N) super Yang-Mills theory and QCD(adj)
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We study the domain walls in hot 4-D SU(N) super Yang-Mills theory and QCD(adj), withnfWeyl flavors. We find that thek-wall worldvolume theory is 2-D QCD with gauge group SU(N−k) × SU(k) × U(1) and Dirac fermions charged under U(1) and transforming in the bi-fundamental representation of the nonabelian factors. We show that the DW theory has a 1-form ℤN(1)center symmetry and a 0-form$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N{n}_f}^{d\chi } $$ℤ2Nnfdχdiscrete chiral symmetry, with a mixed ’t Hooft anomaly consistent with bulk/wall anomaly inflow. We argue that ℤN(1)is broken on the wall, and hence, Wilson loops obey the perimeter law. The breaking of the worldvolume center symmetry implies that bulkp-strings can end on the wall, a phenomenon first discovered using string-theoretic constructions. We invoke 2-D bosonization and gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten models to suggest that$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N{n}_f}^{d\chi } $$ℤ2Nnfdχis also broken f in the IR, which implies that the 0-form/1-form mixed ’t Hooft anomaly in the gappedk-wall theory is saturated by a topological quantum field theory. We also find interesting parallels between the physics of high-temperature domain walls studied here and domain walls between chiral symmetry breaking vacua in the zero temperature phase of the theory (studied earlier in the semiclassically calculable small spatial circle regime), arising from the similar mode of saturation of the relevant ’t Hooft anomalies.