bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language and Art in Senegal: The Crossbreeding of Identities in Music
Authors: Sarr Ibrahima
Published: February 2021

Senegal is a melting pot of several civilizations mainly originated from the West (Europe) and the East (the Arab world). Assuming that language and culture are intrinsically related, the settlement of those people and their status as dominant minority sparked and strengthened the use of their languages in formal domains. In the long ran, as they became domesticated, thus now considered African languages because they have contributed to mold the cultural identity of younger generation, they involve in all linguistic interaction. Arab, in its classical form, remains a symbol of Islam which earns it a certain degree of sacredness. Nevertheless the contact situation with the other languages forced it to crossbreed in special ways like borrowings and interferences. As for the other foreign languages, namely French, English, Spanish, and German at a least extent, they are made to carry the weight of local cultures.
Understanding Syrian refugees’ experience in terms of settlement and participation in Canadian labour market: A mixed method approach
Authors: Seo Bosu , Lowney Krystal
Published: February 2021

This paper explores Syrian refugees’ experience in terms of settlement and participation in Canadian labour market. It discusses the findings of research on labour market integration in Canada of racialized immigrants and refugees, as well as the state of economic insecurity among newcomers, to identify systemic patterns of discrimination and policy implications. A mixed method approach with in-depth interview and questionnaire surveys were used for an analysis. Long-term benefit, second-generation success, and reliance on government support were commonly observed. Language barrier, lack of host country’s experience, and lack of transportation were cited as common barriers to employment. This research confirms that there is no uniform process for refugees entering into a host country. Canadian government needs to create a structured program to be implemented in each province and deliver the same process for every refugee entering.
POLITICAL DOWNLINE AND NCHINDAISM IN THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Keming David Nchinda
Published: February 2021

The study focuses on the gambit of capitalism (political downline) and its relationship with the theory of Nchindaism. It provides an understanding to the exploitative mechanics of capitalists on the less developed and predicts the pendulum from Western controlled capitalism to military alliances where Western countries are elbowed from masters to actors and the possible collapse of the United Nations (UN). It targets: derivation, connotation, motives, manoeuvre/repercussions of capitalism, its drift, insight of Nchindaism & International Relations theories. The study is realised with primary, secondary and tertiary data under the ambit of qualitative methodology. Our findings reveal that the myth of None-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and the abusive application of Veto Rights by the Big Five within the UN Security Council (UNSC) catalysed nuclear polarisation leading to the regress of Western capitalism and the emergence of ideological military alliances. It argues that as long as the notion of state sovereignty is built on mutual respect, equality and none-interference in internal affairs, state’s capabilities and defence mechanics shouldn’t face restrictions from others or organisations if it doesn’t deter human rights and welfare. It concludes that since the evolution of science is a free gift from nature and growth of the human mind, education on nuclear responsibility should take preference rather than the myth of limitation to its development or acquisition.
Environmental pollution, population aging and social medical insurance fund expenditure
Authors: SI XU
Published: February 2021

Although China's economy has maintained rapid growth since 21st century, the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. Environmental pollution has a serious impact on people in all aspects of clothing, food, housing and transportation. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces and regions in China from 2005 to 2017, this paper establishes a fixed-effect model and divides China into three regions of central, east and west and analyzes the impact of environmental pollution and the population aging on the expenditure of China's social medical insurance funds (SMIF). The study found that the more severe environmental pollution, the worse health status of the residents, then induces the higher SMIF; the more serious aging of population, the higher risk of disease and cause higher SMIF. It is recommended to innovate clean energy technologies, increase environmental governance, in order to reduce health care expenditures and restrain the increase of the health care cost.
THE BASIC COMPETENCES CAN BE DEVELOPED THROUGH THE DUAL MODALITY IN A HIGH VULNERABILITY PROFESSIONAL TECHNICAL LICENSE
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: February 2021

In the context of Professional Technical Education, Dual Modality has been a commitment of the Chilean Ministry of Education to improve Professional Technical training in High School. The change has involved a curricular innovation around the development of basic competences where, in addition to the teacher and the traditional classroom, other agents and other scenarios that share the work of teaching concur. In this context, the research consigned, according to its objectives and methodological formulation, describes the characteristics of the Dual Professional Technical training of the Administration specialty of the Monseñor Guillermo Carlos Hartl Educational Complex of the Pitrufquén commune , in Chile . It is intended to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated curriculum through the assessment of achievement of the basic competencies of students who are in the 4th Middle Year of said specialty (with Dual mode), in direct relation to the required graduate and professional profile and in contrast, with that of students of the specialty of "Electricity", without the Dual Modality.
Effects Of The COVID -19 Pandemıc On The Elderly: A Grounded Theory Study From Turkey
Authors: Koşar Ahmet , Kasapoglu Aytul
Published: February 2021

More than 95 percent of those who lost their lives as a result of the spread of the Covid-19 virus to the world since the beginning of 2020 are over the age of 60 (WHO, 2020). The main purpose of this article is to reveal the vital difficulties of the 65-75 age group in Turkey, who were quarantined due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as a result of deprivation of their former normal lives and how they overcame them. The theoretical starting point of this study is the relational sociologist H. White and his “uncertainty” classification. In the study, Grounded Theory Methodology was chosen as one of the qualitative research approaches and open, axial and selective codings were made as a requirement of this. In this context, interviews were made with 12 individuals from the 65-75 age group and the data were presented in figures. As a result of open, axial and selective coding, the core concept of the study was determined as "solidarity". In accordance with the grounded theory, at the end of the study, the "solidarity process" was narrated using the "river" metaphor.
Preserving Privacy Location in 5G by Using Variable Pseudonym
Authors: Saeed Mamoon , Saeed Rashid A. , Mokhtar Rania A. , Alhumyani Hesham , Ali Elmustafa Syed
Published: February 2021

User privacy is one of the most issues addressed extensively in mobile communications evolutions, research literature, and standardization. Location privacy is a key parameter and crucial aspect for user privacy, where most of the tracking, Unsolicited advertising, malicious activities, and location-based terrorism attacks are depending on the location of the victims. For preserving location privacy, various methods in previous mobile networks use a pseudonym instead of permanent identity i.e. Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (C-RNTI), However, these methods based on C-RNII have been proofed that faces many vulnerable due to the clear text used for C-RNII exchange. A man-in-the-middle attack can easily trace users and collect information. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new location privacy algorithm that can greatly enhance the capabilities of the 5G architecture. The proposed algorithm introduces a novel variable pseudonym (V-RNTI) as an identifier for the user radio channel. Also, it provides an enhanced pseudonyms allocation procedure for identification. A new procedure that enabling UE to use different values for V-RNTI changed frequently using agreed equations to generate the values of the identifier. The proposed scheme is compatible with 3GPP standards architecture, where minor modifications/upgrades are needed for UEs eNB. Specifically, we build our model of the 5G V-RNTI authentication protocol and perform an automated security verification tool analysis of the protocol model by using the ProVerif model checker. Our analysis results show that the proposed procedure is working without flaws.
Playing stories?
Authors: Bodi Bettina , Thon Jan-Noël
Published: February 2021

Drawing on Janet Murray (1997), Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman (2004), and other previous proposals, this article conceptualizes player agency as the possibility space for “meaningful” choice expressed via player action that translates into avatar action, afforded and constrained by a videogame’s design. It further distinguishes between four core dimensions of agency thus conceptualized: First,spatial-explorative agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s ability to navigate and traverse the game spaces via their avatar. Second,temporal-ergodic agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s options for interacting with the videogame as a temporal system. Third,configurative-constructive agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that allow the player to configure their avatar and/or (re)construct the game spaces. Fourth,narrative-dramatic agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s “meaningful” impact on the unfolding story. The article then moves on to analyze two case studies of independently developed videogames: ZA/UM’s role-playing gameDisco Elysium(2019), whose complex nonlinear narrative structure primarily affords configurative and narrative agency, and System Era Softworks’s sandbox adventure gameAstroneer(2019), whose procedurally generated game spaces and “open” game mechanics primarily afford explorative, constructive, and dramatic agency.
The shapes of stories: A “resonator” model of plot structure
Authors: Brown Steven , Tu Carmen
Published: February 2021

Plots have been described as having shapes based on the changes in tension that occur across a story. We present here a model of plot shape that is predicated on the alternating rises and falls in the protagonist’s emotional state. The basic tenet of the model is that, once the emotional valence of the beginning and ending of a story has been specified, then the internal phases of the story are constrained to connect these endpoints by oscillating between emotional rises and falls in a wavelike manner. This makes plot structure akin to a musical resonator – such as a flute – which can only conduct sound waves of certain discrete shapes depending on the structure of the tube’s endpoints. Using this metaphor, we describe four fundamental plot-shapes based on a 2 x 2 crossing of the emotional valence of a story’s beginning (happy beginning vs. sad beginning) and ending (happy ending vs. sad ending).
COL1A1, COL4A3, TIMP2 and TGFB1 polymorphisms in cervical insufficiency
Authors: Alves Ana Paula V. D. , Freitas Amanda B. , Levi José Eduardo , Amorim Filho Antonio G. , Franco Lucas A. M. , Hoshida Mara Sandra , Patiño Elizabeth G. , Francisco Rossana P. V. , Carvalho Mario Henrique B.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cervical insufficiency and its relationship with obstetric history.

Methods

Twenty-eight women with cervical insufficiency (case group) and 29 non-pregnant women (control group) were included. The SNPs sequenced included rs2586490 in collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), rs1882435 in collagen type IV alpha 3 chain (COL4A3), rs2277698 in metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), and rs1800468 in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1).

Results

We found a higher frequency of the normal allele in the control group (65.5%) and the homozygous mutated genotype in the case group (64.3%) for rs2586490 in COL1A1 (p=0.023). An unplanned finding in the cervical insufficiency group was a higher gestational age of delivery (median≥38 weeks) in the mutated allele than in the wild-type genotype (median of 28.2 weeks) for rs2857396, which is also in the COL1A1 gene (p=0.011).

Conclusions

The findings of the present study corroborate the hypothesis that cervical insufficiency has a genetic component and probably involves genes encoding proteins in the extracellular matrix, in addition to inflammatory processes.
Present trends in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs
Authors: Montané Xavier , Matulewicz Karolina , Balik Karolina , Modrakowska Paulina , Łuczak Marcin , Pérez Pacheco Yaride , Reig-Vano Belen , Montornés Josep M. , Bajek Anna , Tylkowski Bartosz
Published: February 2021

Different nanomedicine devices that were developed during the recent years can be suitable candidates for their application in the treatment of various deadly diseases such as cancer. From all the explored devices, the nanoencapsulation of several anticancer medicines is a very promising approach to overcome some drawbacks of traditional medicines: administered dose of the drugs, drug toxicity, low solubility of drugs, uncontrolled drug delivery, resistance offered by the physiological barriers in the body to drugs, among others. In this chapter, the most important and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer medicines is examined: methods of preparation of distinct nanoparticles (inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, biopolymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and hybrid nanoparticles), drug loading and drug release mechanisms. Furthermore, the possible applications in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and cancer therapy of some of these nanoparticles have been highlighted.
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Threat to Global Health
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, Saha Otun , Rakhi Nadira Naznin ,   Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh, Sultana Afroza ,   Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh, Rahman Md. Mahbubur ,   Rahman, Rahaman Md. Mizanur ,   Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Published: February 2021

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, in December 2019, scientists across the globe have been working relentlessly on the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Unfortunately, despite the ongoing research at the genomic level, as well as the immunological and the pathological aspects of SARS-CoV-2, our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is still in the primary stage, even after one year from the beginning of the outbreak. As a result, the world is adopting a public awareness-based prevention and control strategy, together with significant efforts in developing and distributing several vaccines. Thus, this review summarizes the understandings of this pandemic, which will in turn be helpful in dealing with SARS-CoV-2 and provide a reference for future studies.
Observations on Rubberized Concrete Behavior
Authors: Eldin NN , Senouci AB
Published: February 2021

As a possible solution to the problem of scrap-tire disposal, an experimental study was conducted to examine the potential use of tire chips and crumb rubber as aggregate substitutes in portland-cement concrete mixes. In this study, strength, durability, and toughness as well as workability, unit weight, and volume change were examined. Rubberized concrete was found to possess acceptable workability and a smaller unit weight than plain concrete. Volume change of rubberized concrete specimens containing 38, 25, and 19-mm rubber aggregates was found to be larger than that of plain concrete. Rubberized concrete specimens exhibited lower compressive and splitting-tensile strength than did plain concrete specimens. However, rubberized concrete did not demonstrate a brittle failure, but rather a ductile, plastic failure, and had the ability to absorb a large amount of plastic energy under compressive and tensile loads. A mathematical model is used to describe quantitatively the effects of rubber aggregates on the compressive and splitting-tensile strength reduction of concrete.
Adaptacja i rozwój semantyczny anglicyzmów w języku niemieckim (na podstawie ofert pracy w ogłoszeniach "Süddeutsche Zeitung")
Authors: Dolecka Maria
Published: February 2021

This article presents adaptation and semantic development of English loan words registred in job advertisments in Süddeutsche Zeitung. The semantic adaptation depends not only on transfer of English meanings into German. In the process of borrowing there are different changes depending on elimination of multiple meanings of polysemous words, expansion and narrowing of meanings, change of emotional tinge and introduction of metaphorical meaning. Sometimes in German originates additional sense, not present in English. It may happen, that from one meaning of a word are chosen only some elements, consequently borrowed meanings have only a loose connection with the original sense. Thanks to good documentation of history of English loan words it can be stated, that many contemporarily used English words have been a part of German lexicon for a long time .
W gorącej święconej wodzie kąpany, czyli o frazeologii w poezji Jana Twardowskiego
Authors: Sokólska Urszula
Published: February 2021

This article discusses stylistic and expressive function of phraseological connotations in Jan Twardowski's poetry. Particular attention has been drawn to common automatized idioms which - not characterized in colloquia! Polish language - become characterized both stylistically and emotionally in lyric (e.g. clapping a tongue, riding the high horse, bruising someone's forehead, getting on someone's nerves, talking back) and phraseological innovati ons, mainly modifying and extending. Among modifying innovations which arise as a result of violation of traditional phraseological structure, we can list: shortening innovations (e.g. clapping a tongue), extending ones (e.g. wringing one's failing hands) , listing ones (e.g. Troy pony, looking a human scarecrow), contaminating ones (e.g. eating the calf in the cow's holly belly), regulating ones (e.g. Troy pony, reverse side of griej) . We deal with extending innovations when idioms enter performing contexts other than, for instance, adopted by generał language or patterns of lexical connections, for instance idioms opening so called first "empty spaces" designed for personal nouns that are based on a pattern what + idiom : pretence talks through its hat, gothic makes faces, words do not bother people.
Charakterystyka fonetyczna dziewiętnastowiecznej gwary tykocińskiej
Authors: Kuryłowicz Beata
Published: February 2021

In this article the author presents characteristic features of nineteenth century Tykocin dialect reconstructed on the basis of Dictionary of folk dialects of Tykocin area by Zygmunt Gloger. It results from the analysis of the material that the subject dialect is dominated by features characteristic of Mazovia dialect, e.g. mixing I, y; alternation ke, ge || kie, gie, mazuria “speaking”. Other phenomena, of wider north Polish range occur as well, e.g. shifting of vocal ja- into je-, ra- into re-; e shifting into o when it is a part of the eł group continuing original soft sonant l, -ar- deriving from dispalatized soft sonant r shifting into -er-. Features characteristic of Polish Belarus Borderland dialect, e.g. lack of difference between light a and sloping a, appearance of r instead of rz, substituting ń with n, occur in the Tykocin dialect as well.
Dziewiętnastowieczne rozstrzygnięcia ortograficzne na podstawie poradnika dla drukarzy Aleksandra Walickiego
Authors: Strawińska Anetta Bogusława
Published: February 2021

The subject of the analysis in the article are selected spelling principles presented by Alexander Walicki in the work of a corrective character entitled Upominek zecerom od korektora (A Gift from a Proofreader to Typesetters). The author intended his work to fulfill a function of a model of correct spelling one should refer to in the following spelling issues: spelling of sloping vowels o and e, graphic representation of nasal sounds, graphic realizations of consonants (among other things: doubled consonants, assimilation of doubled consonants, secondary palatization), spelling words separately and together, hyphenating words and use of capital or small letters. Walicki’s decisions about orthography were illustrated by numerous examples excerpted from the analyzed dictionary and the author’s evaluating comments/remarks. The author of this article presents spelling principles discussed by Walicki in a broader context, i.e. considering them in the background of general Polish spelling standards of the second half of the XIX century.
Polish pre- and upper-intermediate learners’ opinions on the significance of linguistic and non-linguistic determinants of speech in developing their EFL speaking skill: A quantitative study
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Gajewska Klaudia
Published: February 2021

Since “spontaneous verbal expression is not solely a product of knowledge and skill in using a language code” (Rivers 1968: 192), many scholars have emphasised the interdisciplinarity of the ability to speak. Having stressed the multifaceted character of speaking in the light of the selected linguistic and non-linguistic determinants of speech, we aim to explore Polish learners’ opinions on what components underlying a speech production process influence their ability to speak English. The quantitative study that we conducted among the group of 66 Polish EFL secondary school and university students revealed that out of 12 linguistic and non-linguistic determinants of speech, the knowledge of FL vocabulary and culture were respectively judged to be the most and least relevant. Even though some statistical differences in pre- and upper-intermediate students’ choices were keenly anticipated, between-group comparisons of A2 and B2 level subjects’ answers did not render any statistically significant similarities or differences.
Método Fenomenológico Hermenéutico
Authors: Amaya Jimenez Laura Fernanda , Juan Camilo Dávila González , Heidy Vanessa Jara Gonzalez , Laura Katherine Murcia Torres
Published: February 2021

En la presente cartilla encontrarán información necesaria y pertinente respecto al método fenomenológico hermenéutico, el cual se detiene esencialmente en la experiencia como un pilar importante y necesario para la metodología de la investigación cualitativa, así mismo este método se ajusta al entendimiento y el significado que el propio sujeto le da a sus vivencias, componiendose a un acercamiento coherente y estricto del análisis de diferentes dimensiones.
Sistematización de experiencias: Diferentes miradas de una vivencia
Authors: María Paula Sánchez Rincón , Jessica Lorena Pardo Gómez , Carmen Aurora Sánchez Jiménez , Sonia Alejandra Hernández Rozo , Dayana Juliana Barajas
Published: February 2021

La cartilla que se da a conocer a continuación permite profundizar en la sistematización de experiencias, centrándose en las definiciones desde diferente autores, el origen del concepto, las características, los pasos a seguir para realizar, las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de los datos y finalmente una sección de ejemplos que le permitirán al lector conocer la aplicación de este método.
De la crisis migratoria a la crisis sistémica: desplazamiento forzado en la crisis terminal del capitalismo
Authors: Zamora José Antonio
Published: February 2021

La crisis migratoria y de refugio que vive Europa desde 2015 solo puede ser entendida dentro de la crisis del régimen migratorio neoliberal. Al mismo tiempo, en esta crisis convergen los elementos más significativos de la crisis sistémica que sufren las sociedades capitalistas desde los años 1970 y que se ha agudizado con el crash financiero del 2008. La reacción de los países ricos a los desplazamientos forzados es un signo de más de que la respuesta mayoritaria a la crisis sistémica conduce a un callejón sin salida.
Cuestionando la relación entre libertad de asociación y derecho de excluir a inmigrantes: tres argumentos en contra de la tesis de Ch.H. Wellman
Authors: Loewe Daniel
Published: February 2021

Los Estados reclaman y se reconocen mutuamente el derecho a excluir discrecionalmente a los potenciales inmigrantes. Desde una perspectiva liberal, la justificación de esta exclusión no es evidente. Wellman argumenta que este derecho se justifica en razón de la libertad de asociación: tal como un club puede discriminar en sus términos asociativos, también lo puede hacer el Estado. En este artículo se critica este argumento y se sostiene que la analogía a la base es equívoca. Por una parte, los Estados no son como clubs, y los clubs no son como Estados. Los primeros responden a la lógica del derecho privado, los segundos a la del derecho público. Sostener la analogía lleva a consecuencias implausibles. Por otra parte, asumir la libertad de asociación no implica el derecho de los Estados a excluir inmigrantes potenciales, sino el derecho de los ciudadanos del mundo a asociarse con independencia de las fronteras nacionales.
“Vivir entre fronteras”: vulnerabilidad y transformación de la identidad en la era de la globalización
Authors: La Barbera MariaCaterina
Published: February 2021

La hiperconexión, desterritorialización y aceleración de la vida social que caracterizan la globalización implican una resignificación de los conceptos de territorio, frontera y pertenencia a la comunidad política. Mientras capitales, negocios y turismo son cada vez más transnacionales, en la era de la globalización proliferan muros, vallas y políticas migratorias restrictivas que ubican a las personas migrantes en situación de especial vulnerabilidad. La perspectiva de la interseccionalidad permite identificar tanto las situaciones de especial vulnerabilidad de las personas migrantes –en la intersección de múltiples estructuras generizadas y racializadas de exclusión– como la interconexión entre los distintos factores que definen las situaciones de poder y privilegio de manera dinámica. Poner el foco en la negociación de la identidad en los procesos migratorios desde esta perspectiva permite vislumbrar un espacio para redefinir la resiliencia y la agencia individual. Este artículo argumenta que la posición liminar de “vivir entre fronteras” puede generar un terreno fértil para repensar los conceptos básicos de la organización social, abandonando conceptos caducos.
Extraction, chemical composition, and characterization of potential lignocellulosic biomasses and polymers from corn plant parts
Authors: Ibrahim M. I. J. , Sapuan S. M. , Zainudin E. S. , Zuhri M. Y. M.
Published: February 2021

Corn is a plant that can be used as a potential source of biomass for various biomaterial applications. Thermoplastic corn starch and corn hull, husk, and stalk fibers were extracted from different corn plant parts. The chemical composition, physical properties, thermal stability, crystallinity index, and surface morphology of the extracted samples were characterized on a powder basis. The corn husk and corn starch revealed an excellent combination of properties. Corn husk provided the highest cellulose content as well as the most favorable surface morphology. Corn starch revealed acceptable amylose content and tolerable thermal stability. The cellulose and starch demonstrated an excellent correlation between the function and structure of biomolecules. Hence, both corn starch and husk have potential for use in many applications of the biomaterial.
Effects of ZnCl2 on the distribution of aldehydes and ketones in bio-oils from catalytic pyrolysis of different biomass
Authors: Li Bo-Zheng , Bi Dong-Mei , Dong Qing , Li Yong-Jun , Liu Ya-Ya , Huang Fu-Peng
Published: February 2021

Bio-oil can serve as an alternative fuel source or resource to extract high value-added chemicals. This paper focuses on the effect of six types of biomass (rape straw, corn straw, walnut shell, chestnut shell, camphor wood, and pine wood) and ZnCl2 catalyst on the bio-oil yield and chemicals in the bio-oil, including aldehydes, ketones, and four high-value chemicals (1-hydroxy-2-butanone, propionaldehyde, 5-HMF, 2(5H)-furanon). The results showed that the yields of bio-oil decreased when the ZnCl2 was the catalyst. The ZnCl2 promoted the production of aldehydes and ketones. The higher contents of aldehydes and ketones were obtained from camphor and pine wood, at 58.9 wt% and 42.0 wt%, respectively. The ZnCl2 catalyst exhibited an active influence on the production of 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, propionaldehyde, 5-HMF, and 2(5H)-furanon. Compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis, the content of 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2(5H)-furanone in bio-oil increased by 936% and 612%, respectively. The contents of propionaldehyde and 5-HMF in catalytic bio-oil were the highest from rape straw and increased by 193% and 86%, respectively.
Šviežio Achilo sausgyslės plyšimo atviro ir minimaliai invazyvaus susiuvimo atokių rezultatų randomizuotas prospektyvus tyrimas
Authors:   , Makulavičius Aleksas
Published: February 2021

Outcomes of open and percutaneous repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Prospective randomized study
Evolution of historical policy in Poland after II World War in the context of treatment of Germany
Authors: Boichuk Boichuk
Published: February 2021

The research dedicated to the analysis of the evolution of historical policy in Poland after the World War II. The crucial part of the article is the role of Germany in this process. On the current stage of mutual Polish-German relations, where a remarkable point of political ties is historical conflict over the aftermath of the World War II. The evolution process of the historical process in Poland is complicated and complexed. Furthermore, the evolution of the historical narrative goes in a shadow of the ideological struggle between two blocks, which had been established after the war. It is need to point the international aspect of historical policy establishing in Poland had one point of view. On the other hand, internarial factors played the crucial role, which were attached at that time for Polish society.The aim of the research is an analysis of the process of historical policy establishing in the Polish People’s Republic and research of main elements in this process. The context of the last events in Polish-German relations is heightening the role of conflict in the sphere of political history over the aftermath of the World War II. It arises the necessity to analyze more deeply the process of historical policy establishing in Poland.It had been established that the historical policy in the Polish People`s Republic was used as the instrument of internal policy and propaganda. The historical policy played two main functions is the integration and the stabilization. The function of integration is used to unite Polish society on the background of the stereotype “Germans – enemy” and for confirmation of new western territories (Ziem odzyskanych). At the same time, the historical policy led to the approval of a new sociopolitical order in Poland at that time. It is noted that historical policy in Poland has few approaches dedicated to periodization and mostly it depends on the area of research. Social researchers divide historical policy after the World War II into two periods. In contrast to social science, representatives of Political Science divide into three periods.
Emancipation in the Soviet Way: c Women in a Socialist Economy
Authors: Oliynyk Nataliya
Published: February 2021

There are many gender imbalances in the social and economic sphere of Ukraine, the reasons for which originate in the peculiarities of the state policy of the Soviet Union with regard to women. Although the official ideology asserted that the "women's question" in the USSR had been resolved and equality between women and men had been achieved, this issue required deeper analysis and research. Despite a certain number of works devoted to the study of women's issues in the USSR, it must be stated that the problem of the economic activity of Ukrainian women in the Soviet national economy has not yet been given due attention and is very relevant and useful for further research on gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to trace the changes in the economic activity of Ukrainian women associated with the formation, establishment and modifications of the Soviet regime, to analyze the real situation of women in the USSR and their participation in social production.It was found that the involvement of the female labor force in the USSR production used legislating gender equality, domestic "emancipation" of women, the eradication of illiteracy and the involvement of women in different levels of education, the development of the system of social guarantees and benefits for women through active advocacy, deployed socialist competition. It was established that the gender division of labor was almost leveled thanks to the policy of widespread involvement of women in production activities at the stage of the formation of the Soviet economy and after the Second World War. However, later the concentration of women in certain sectors of the economy, mainly those where the use of their labor was explained as a continuation household responsibilities of women, which in turn affected the gender pay gap. It can be argued that the main task of the Soviet emancipation policy towards women was to use them additional labor resourse in the Soviet economy.
Perspectiva de género y formación docente en tiempos de cambios (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Páez Florencia María
Published: February 2021

El trabajo comparte algunos resultados surgidos al indagar sobre la presencia/ausencia de la perspectiva de género en los profesorados de la Universidad Provincial de Córdoba.  Fueron seleccionados el Profesorado en Educación Física y el Profesorado en Danza, con el fin de caracterizar los procesos de cambios/resistencias en la relación entre formación docente y perspectiva de género en el contexto actual de intensos debates desde este enfoque en Argentina. La estrategia metodológica supuso el análisis documental de los programas curriculares y, desde un enfoque cualitativo, entrevistas con docentes y grupos focales con estudiantes. El análisis de los programas muestra que el enfoque de género aparece representado en porcentajes bajos. Sin embargo, en los diálogos con estudiantes y docentes puede advertirse su presencia en las experiencias áulicas, siendo la Formación Específica y la Práctica Docente las áreas donde mayores desafíos presentan en su inclusión. La inserción de la perspectiva de género es urgente en la formación docente.
Estrategias de supervivencia y emociones. Unión informal y matrimonio en el Pacífico colonial centroamericano
Authors: Castellón Osegueda José Ricardo
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este artículo es examinar cómo las necesidades de sobrevivencia moldearon la conducta de los habitantes del interior de la región Pacífica centroamericana entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y el fin de la era colonial, un período de particular movilidad social y geográfica. Para ello, se analiza información obtenida de archivos centroamericanos a través de las lentes de las estrategias de supervivencia, las uniones (formales o no) como recurso y el rol de las emociones en el proceso. Como resultado de esta investigación, se deduce que componentes afectivos (emociones) y biológicos (capacidades reproductivas), hasta hoy poco tratados por la historiografía centroamericana, fueron claves en el desarrollo de la sociedad colonial centroamericana.
Członkowie Rządu Centralnego Tymczasowego Wojskowego Galicji – przyczynek do biografii zbiorowej
Authors:   Dr, Instytut Historii, Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Rychel-Mantur Dominika
Published: February 2021

In 1809, in the territories of the Austrian Partition, which had been taken away from Austrians by Polish soldiers, the Central Provisional Military Government of Galicia was formed. The duties of the Governement was the reorganization of administration in Galicia and organization of military troops. The President of the Government was Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, the most popular and richest magnate in Galicia. Representatives of the local nobility were appointed to other positions in the Government and in the poviat administration bodies. Archive materials allowed the tracing of 53 members. They were born between 1740 and 1780, most often from rich landed gentry and nobility. They owned estates in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their career path was typical of the social state they represented. Educated, most often in the spirit of the Enlightenment, they took their first steps in public service as administrative officials or military personnel. Some of these careers seemed to have been above average, but the fall of the country in 1795 led to their their interruption. Withdrawing from public life, they returned in 1809. This article, an attempt to form a characteristic of this group, is part of the research on the elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the 19th century.
Vanillin conversion by aldol condensation using hydrotalcite Mg-Al and modified-Y zeolite as heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Thai Nguyen Thi , Thu Nguyen Thi Minh
Published: February 2021

Mg-Alhydrotalcite, MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides and modified-Y zeolite (sulfated Y zeolite and copper ion-exchanged Y zeolite) were prepared and characterized by XRD, EDX and XRF techniques. These materials were used as heterogeneous catalysts in aldol condensation of vanillin and acetone.The obtained results showed that the heterogeneous acid catalysts as modified-Y zeolites were more effective than the heterogeneous base catalysts as hydrotalcite Mg-Al and MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides in aldol condensation reaction of vanillin. The highest conversion of vanillin was 95.5% when the reaction was carried out at 120oC in 5 hours, using sulfated Y zeolite.
Effects of number of substituents and molecular weight of polyamines on the non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating process
Authors: Nam Truong Thi , Thang Le Ba , Bao Le Duc , Khuong Nguyen Van
Published: February 2021

The effects of the number of substituents and molecular weight of polyamines in the non-cyanide alkaline plating bath on the morphology, brightness and bright ranges of zinc electrodeposited coating and cathodic polarization, cyclic voltammogram on the non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating process were investigated. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that the polyamines all increased cathodic polarization of the plating process and shifted the zinc reduced potential to a more negative direction. However, cycle voltammogram curves of the 5 continuous cycles shows that the quaternary polyamine Q7-20 has a more stable adsorption and desorption processes than the secondary polyamine Bt18 has.
DNAJC25 as a tumor suppressor candidate gene in breast cancer
Authors: ACUN Tolga
Published: February 2021

DNAJC25 gene is a member of the HSP40 (DNAJ) family, and it was suggested as a tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression, genetic/epigenetic alterations, and prognostic value of the DNAJC25 gene in breast cancer. DNAJC25 transcript levels are upregulated in BT-20 and ZR-75-1 cell lines and downregulated in MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line (MCF 10A) (P< 0.05). According to UALCAN in-silico tool, clinical breast cancer samples show significantly reduced levels of DNAJC25 mRNA levels relative to the normal samples (P=1.47e-02). The Kaplan–Meier plotter tool shows that high DNAJC25 expression is favorable for post-progression survival in breast cancer (P=0.0035). Point mutations or copy number variations of DNAJC25 are uncommon in clinical breast cancer samples. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) results showed that DNAJC25 promoter is not methylated in breast cell lines. Promoter hypomethylation was also observed in normal and tumor clinical samples (Beta-value < 0.25). In conclusion, DNAJC25 is suggested as a tumor suppressor candidate having limited biomarker potential in breast cancer. Functional studies are essential to reveal its role in breast carcinogenesis.
Charge recombination suppressed CdSeS/CdSe/ZnS QDSSC design
Authors: ELİBOL Erdem
Published: February 2021

The interest in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC), which has theoretically proved to have up to 44% energy conversion efficiency in recent years, is growing rapidly. Although it has theoretically high efficiency value, PCE obtained in studies with QDSSCs is far from these values. This situation shows that there are many difficulties to be solved in QDSSC technology. One of the main challenges in QDSSC technology is irradiated load recombination occurring in QDSSC. For this reason, in this study, it is about using CdSeS QDs as an alternative to the most used CdS QDs in the literature in order to suppress the load recombination between TiO2 surface and electrolyte and QD surfaces. In the study, while CdS and CdSeS QDs were coated on the TiO2 surface with SILAR method, the previously synthesized CdSe QD was coated with chemical deep deposition method. Surfaces were last treated with ZnS QDs. An optimization study was carried out to determine the ideal number of CdSeS coatings for QDSSCs. As a result, the Jsc and Voc values for TiO2/CdSeS4/CdSe/ZnS QDSSCs were 8.799 mA/cm2 and 0.795 V, respectively, while the PCE value increased to 4.452%.
A comprehensive survey on 5G enabled edge assisted Intelligent Internet of Things framework: issues and challenges
Authors: Datta Samiran , Dastidar Sabarna Ghosh , Biswas Soumyanil
Published: February 2021

Wireless communication has grown to be one of the most demanded technologies of today and is important in digitalization and ultimately will contribute to the building of a smart society. With the rapid growth of the mobile internet, Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks are expected
to provide 1000 times the data throughput of what we experience today. With the advancement in IoT technology, more devices are being connected to each other and this massive connectivity needs to be supported by 5G. This paper provides an in-depth overview on 5G 1-IoT, then related components
are introduced, the interaction among them, the techniques used, namely big-data mining, deep-learning and reinforcement learning. Then the role of Augmented Reality and 5G edge computing in loT is discussed. The focus shifts to the widespread applications of IoT in our daily-lives ranging
from full-fledged smart homes to industrial machines and smart cars. Finally the paper concludes with the advantages and limitations related to 5G IoT such as security, trust management and privacy.
Robotic car controlled by voice
Authors: Seal Ditipriya , Pandit Himeli , Shome Lagnajita , Mukherjee Niyali
Published: February 2021

Robot reduces the efforts being put by humans in their day to day works. This paper is about to develop voice-controlled robotic car. This robotic vehicle helps to control robot through voice commands which is being received via android application. In the receiver part there would
be a Bluetooth transceiver module which will receive the commands and will pass it on to the robotic car through Arduino. The robotic car will move in all directions according to voice commands given by the user. After processing the speech into text it will convert into text which will led
to the necessary motion instructions are given to mobile platform via RF link. Ultrasonic sensors interfaced with Arduino will help in automatic slowdown whenever it sees an obstacle. In future technology this technique may prove to be a milestone in vehicle and for long distance range, Dual
tone Multi Frequency (DTMF).
“Incidentalormones” - Macro-hormones
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , Matos de Oliveira Gabriela Correia
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Complexes of monomeric hormone molecules immunoglobulin-associated lead to the formation of macro-complexes biologically inactive that are called macro-hormones. Patients’ presenting unexpectedly elevated hormones values indicates the need that the existence of macro-hormones must be researched.

Objective: To describe the macro-hormones discovered incidentally in laboratory tests, which we refer to as "incidentalormones".

Methods: An integrative review was conducted, and data was gathered from the published articles in medical database. The different forms of macro-hormones are reviewed; the biochemical significance and laboratory assays of macro-hormones are also revised within the ambit of current laboratory medicine. We discussed diagnostic difficulty encountered in patients with "incidentalormones”, as well as methods of macro-hormone detection, immunoglobulin involved, clinical significance and associations with other diseases.

Conclusion: The presence of macro-hormones, often guides us to intervention in laboratory trials, and could result in false-positive diagnosis with inadequate therapy. Laboratories should follow a diagnostic algorithm to carefully recognize and examine possible immunoassay interferences.
Vacinação para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19: estudo de base populacional em 133 cidades brasileiras
Authors: Menezes Ana Maria B , Curi Hallal Pedro , Freitas Silveira Mariângela , C Wehrmeister Fernando , Lessa Horta Bernardo , Jardim Dornellas de Barros Aluísio , Pires Hartwig Fernando , Oliveira Paula , Vidaletti Luís Paulo , A Mesenburg Marilia , Jacques Nadege , C Barros Fernando , Gomes Victora Cesar
Published: February 2021

Avaliou-se a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito de base populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinela dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade com amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, 10 domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistadas 33.250 pessoas, sendo 8.265 idosos. Perguntou-se aos idosos se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi de 82,3% (IC 95% 80,1–84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Foram observadas maiores coberturas no quintil mais rico (84,7% contra  80,1% no mais pobre; p<0.001) e naqueles com graduação completa (87,3% contra 83,2% com fundamental incompleto; p=0.007), e menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% comparado a coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos) (p=0,056). Houve associação positiva da cobertura com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental, e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas.