bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origin of interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in MgO/CoFe/metallic capping layer structures
Authors: Peng Shouzhong , Wang Mengxing , Yang Hongxin , Zeng Lang , Nan Jiang , Zhou Jiaqi , Zhang Youguang , Hallal Ali , Chshiev Mairbek , Wang Kang L. , Zhang Qianfan , Zhao Weisheng
Published: December 2015

Spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) attracts extensive attentions due to its non-volatility, high density and low power consumption. The core device in STT-MRAM is CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which possesses a high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio as well as a large value of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). It has been experimentally proven that a capping layer coating on CoFeB layer is essential to obtain a strong PMA. However, the physical mechanism of such effect remains unclear. In this paper, we investigate the origin of the PMA in MgO/CoFe/metallic capping layer structures by using a first-principles computation scheme. The trend of PMA variation with different capping materials agrees well with experimental results. We find that interfacial PMA in the three-layer structures comes from both the MgO/CoFe and CoFe/capping layer interfaces, which can be analyzed separately. Furthermore, the PMAs in the CoFe/capping layer interfaces are analyzed through resolving the magnetic anisotropy energy by layer and orbital. The variation of PMA with different capping materials is attributed to the different hybridizations of both d and p orbitals via spin-orbit coupling. This work can significantly benefit the research and development of nanoscale STT-MRAM.
Integrated analysis of global proteome, phosphoproteome and glycoproteome enables complementary interpretation of disease-related protein networks
Authors: Park Jong-Moon , Park Ji-Hwan , Mun Dong-Gi , Bae Jingi , Jung Jae Hun , Back Seunghoon , Lee Hangyeore , Kim Hokeun , Jung Hee-Jung , Kim Hark Kyun , Lee Hookeun , Kim Kwang Pyo , Hwang Daehee , Lee Sang-Won
Published: December 2015

Multi-dimensional proteomic analyses provide different layers of protein information, including protein abundance and post-translational modifications. Here, we report an integrated analysis of protein expression, phosphorylation and N-glycosylation by serial enrichments of phosphorylation and N-glycosylation (SEPG) from the same tissue samples. On average, the SEPG identified 142,106 unmodified peptides of 8,625 protein groups, 18,846 phosphopeptides (15,647 phosphosites) and 4,019 N-glycopeptides (2,634 N-glycosites) in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from three gastric cancer patients. The combined analysis of these data showed that the integrated analysis additively improved the coverages of gastric cancer-related protein networks; phosphoproteome and N-glycoproteome captured predominantly low abundant signal proteins and membranous or secreted proteins, respectively, while global proteome provided abundances for general population of the proteome. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the SEPG can serve as an effective approach for multi-dimensional proteome analyses and the holistic profiles of protein expression and PTMs enabled improved interpretation of disease-related networks by providing complementary information.
Linkage between Three Gorges Dam impacts and the dramatic recessions in China’s largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake
Authors: Mei Xuefei , Dai Zhijun , Du Jinzhou , Chen Jiyu
Published: December 2015

Despite comprising a small portion of the earth’s surface, lakes are vitally important for global ecosystem cycling. However, lake systems worldwide are extremely fragile and many are shrinking due to changing climate and anthropogenic activities. Here, we show that Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, has experienced a dramatic and prolonged recession, which began in late September of 2003. We further demonstrate that abnormally low levels appear during October, 28 days ahead of the normal initiation of the dry season, which greatly imperiled the lake’s wetland areas and function as an ecosystem for wintering waterbirds. An increase in the river-lake water level gradient induced by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) altered the lake balance by inducing greater discharge into the Changjiang River, which is probably responsible for the current lake shrinkage. Occasional episodes of arid climate, as well as local sand mining, will aggravate the lake recession crisis. Although impacts of TGD on the Poyang Lake recession can be overruled by episodic extreme droughts, we argue that the average contributions of precipitation variation, human activities in the Poyang Lake catchment and TGD regulation to the Poyang Lake recession can be quantified as 39.1%, 4.6% and 56.3%, respectively.
The impact of rearing environment on the development of gut microbiota in tilapia larvae
Authors: Giatsis Christos , Sipkema Detmer , Smidt Hauke , Heilig Hans , Benvenuti Giulia , Verreth Johan , Verdegem Marc
Published: December 2015

This study explores the effect of rearing environment on water bacterial communities (BC) and the association with those present in the gut of Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) grown in either recirculating or active suspension systems. 454 pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments was applied to characterize the composition of water, feed and gut bacteria communities. Observed changes in water BC over time and differences in water BCs between systems were highly correlated with corresponding water physico-chemical properties. Differences in gut bacterial communities during larval development were correlated with differences in water communities between systems. The correlation of feed BC with those in the gut was minor compared to that between gut and water, reflected by the fact that 4 to 43 times more OTUs were shared between water and gut than between gut and feed BC. Shared OTUs between water and gut suggest a successful transfer of microorganisms from water into the gut and give insight about the niche and ecological adaptability of water microorganisms inside the gut. These findings suggest that steering of gut microbial communities could be possible through water microbial management derived by the design and functionality of the rearing system.
Efficacy of a New Medical Information system, Ubiquitous Healthcare Service with Voice Inception Technique in Elderly Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Park Kyeong Seon , Lee Hyun Ju , Lee Yun Hee , Bae Ji Seon , Lee Young Joon , Choi Sung Hee , Jang Hak Chul , Lim Soo
Published: December 2015

We have demonstrated previously that an individualized health management system using advanced medical information technology, named ubiquitous (u)-healthcare, was helpful in achieving better glycemic control than routine care. Recently, we generated a new u-healthcare system using a voice inception technique for elderly diabetic patients to communicate information about their glucose control, physical activity and diet more easily. In a randomized clinical trial, 70 diabetic patients aged 60–85 years were assigned randomly to a standard care group or u-healthcare group for 6 months. The primary end points were the changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose fluctuation assessed by the mean amplitude glycemic excursion (MAGE). Changes in body weight, lifestyle and knowledge about diabetes were also investigated. After 6 months, the HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the u-healthcare group (from 8.6 ± 1.0% to 7.5 ± 0.6%) compared with the standard care group (from 8.7 ± 0.9% to 8.2 ± 1.1%, P < 0.01). The MAGE decreased more in the u-healthcare group than in the standard care group. Systolic blood pressure and body weight decreased and liver functions improved in the u-healthcare group, but not in the standard care group. The u-healthcare system with voice inception technique was effective in achieving glycemic control without hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01891474).
Reaction temperature sensing (RTS)-based control for Li-ion battery safety
Authors: Zhang Guangsheng , Cao Lei , Ge Shanhai , Wang Chao-Yang , Shaffer Christian E. , Rahn Christopher D.
Published: December 2015

We report reaction temperature sensing (RTS)-based control to fundamentally enhance Li-ion battery safety. RTS placed at the electrochemical interface inside a Li-ion cell is shown to detect temperature rise much faster and more accurately than external measurement of cell surface temperature. We demonstrate, for the first time, that RTS-based control shuts down a dangerous short-circuit event 3 times earlier than surface temperature- based control and prevents cell overheating by 50 °C and the resultant cell damage.
CoxFey@C Composites with Tunable Atomic Ratios for Excellent Electromagnetic Absorption Properties
Authors: Lv Hualiang , Ji Guangbin , Zhang Haiqian , Li Meng , Zuo Zhongzheng , Zhao Yue , Zhang Baoshan , Tang Dongming , Du Youwei
Published: December 2015

The shell on the nano-magnetic absorber can prevent oxidation, which is very important for its practical utilization. Generally, the nonmagnetic shell will decrease the integral magnetic loss and thus weaken the electromagnetic absorption. However, maintaining the original absorption properties of the magnetic core is a major challenge. Here, we designed novel and facile CoxFey@C composites by reducing CoxFe3−xO4@phenolic resin (x = 1, 0.5 and 0.25). High saturation magnetization value (Ms) of CoxFey particle, as a core, shows the interesting magnetic loss ability. Meanwhile, the carbon shell may increase the integral dielectric loss. The resulting composite shows excellent electromagnetic absorption properties. For example, at a coating thickness of 2 mm, the RLmin value can reach to −23 dB with an effective frequency range of 7 GHz (11–18 GHz). The mechanisms of the improved microwave absorption properties are discussed.
Preparation of wood-like structured copper with superhydrophobic properties
Authors: Wang Tianchi , Liu Guiju , Kong Jian
Published: December 2015

Here, we report a method to use natural wood lauan as a template to fabricate superhydrophobic biomorphic copper on a carbon substrate (Cu/C). First, a carbon substrate with the microstructure of lauan was obtained by sintering lauan in an oxygen-free environment. A biomorphic Cu/C material was then obtained by immersing this carbon substrate into a Cu(NO3)2 solution and sintering. Finally, the hydrophobicity of the products obtained was investigated. The Cu/C retained the microstructure of the wood well. It exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity after it was modified with fluorine silane. The water contact angle of this modified Cu/C reached 160°.
Chloride accelerated Fenton chemistry for the ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric detection of copper
Authors: Shan Zhi , Lu Mingsheng , Wang Li , MacDonald Bruce , MacInnis Judy , Mkandawire Martin , Zhang Xu , Oakes Ken D.
Published: December 2015

Chloride accelerates copper based Fenton Chemistry resulting in dramatically increased amount of Reactive Oxygen and Chloride Species.
Flexible DNA junction assisted efficient construction of stable gene nanoparticles for gene delivery
Authors: Liu Jianbing , Li Yanyan , Ma Dejun , Ouyang Di , Xi Zhen
Published: December 2015

A flexible DNA junction was designed to construct stable gene nanoparticles, which can be used as efficient gene cargo for eukaryotic cells.
Epitaxial growth of gadolinium and lutetium-based aluminum perovskite thin films for X-ray micro-imaging applications
Authors: Riva F. , Douissard P.-A. , Martin T. , Carlà F. , Zorenko Y. , Dujardin C.
Published: December 2015

High quality and dense GdLuAP:Eu scintillating screens have been successfully grown using liquid phase epitaxy showing superior imaging performances as compared the currently used GGG films.
Promoting and inhibiting tunneling via nuclear motions
Authors: Császár Attila G. , Furtenbacher Tibor
Published: December 2015

Accurate, experimental rotational–vibrational energy levels determined via the MARVEL algorithm and published recently for the 14NH3 molecule in J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 2015, 116, 117–130 are analyzed to unravel the promoting and inhibiting effects of vibrations and rotations on the tunneling splittings of the corresponding symmetric (s) and antisymmetric (a) rovibrational energy level pairs.
Interplay between the hydrophobic effect and dipole interactions in peptide aggregation at interfaces
Authors: Ganesan Sai J. , Matysiak Silvina
Published: December 2015

Amphipathic octapeptide aggregation at hydrophobic–hydrophilic interfaces is largely driven by backbone dipole interactions in peptide aggregation at interfaces.
Syntheses and biomedical applications of hollow micro-/nano-spheres with large-through-holes
Authors: Si Yinsong , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: December 2015

This review mainly discussed the syntheses and biomedical applications of hollow micro-/nano-spheres with large-through-holes in shells.
Correction: Electron transfer rate modulation in a compact Re(i) donor–acceptor complex
Authors: Yue Yuankai , Grusenmeyer Tod , Ma Zheng , Zhang Peng , Schmehl Russell H. , Beratan David N. , Rubtsov Igor V.
Published: December 2015

Correction for ‘Electron transfer rate modulation in a compact Re(i) donor–acceptor complex’ by Yuankai Yue et al., Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 8609–8616.
Spatial and temporal distributions of 134Cs and 137Cs derived from the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in the North Pacific Ocean by using optimal interpolation analysis
Authors: Inomata Y. , Aoyama M. , Tsubono T. , Tsumune D. , Hirose K.
Published: December 2015

Optimal interpolation (OI) analysis was used to investigate the oceanic distributions of 134Cs and 137Cs released from the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP1) accident.
Surface-tension driven open microfluidic platform for hanging droplet culture
Authors: de Groot T. E. , Veserat K. S. , Berthier E. , Beebe D. J. , Theberge A. B.
Published: December 2015

A hanging droplet culture platform enabling culture of shear-sensitive and suspension cells with a high degree of accessibility to culture.
A network analysis of the Chinese medicine Lianhua-Qingwen formula to identify its main effective components
Authors: Wang Chun-Hua , Zhong Yi , Zhang Yan , Liu Jin-Ping , Wang Yue-Fei , Jia Wei-Na , Wang Guo-Cai , Li Zheng , Zhu Yan , Gao Xiu-Mei
Published: December 2015

We developed a novel approach to identify the main effective components in the LQF and experimentally validated some of the predictions.
Synergy evaluation by a pathway–pathway interaction network: a new way to predict drug combination
Authors: Chen Di , Zhang Huamin , Lu Peng , Liu Xianli , Cao Hongxin
Published: December 2015

Drug combinations have been widely applied to treat complex diseases, like cancer, HIV and cardiovascular diseases.
Recent progress in hybrid cathode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wei Chuanliang , He Wen , Zhang Xudong , Shen Jianxing , Ma Jingyun
Published: December 2015

Various binary composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are summarized and discussed.
A pair of homochiral porous metal–organic frameworks with a helical metal-carboxylate layer
Authors: Xu Zhong-Xuan , Liu Liyang , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2015

By employment of predesigned proline derivative ligands ((R)-PIA and (S)-PIA) to assemble with bipy and Cd2+ ion, a pair of porous homochiral metal–organic frameworks (HMOFs) with a wavy Cd-PIA layer has been synthesized.
Understanding the carbon-monoxide oxidation mechanism on ultrathin palladium nanowires: a density functional theory study
Authors: Yang Po-Yu , Ju Shin-Pon , Lai Zhu-Min , Lin Jenn-Sen , Hsieh Jin-Yuan
Published: December 2015

The CO oxidation mechanism catalyzed by ultrathin helical palladium nanowires (PdNW) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation.
Influence of moisture on the electrical properties of solution processed multilayer high-k ZrO2-capacitors
Authors: Kaloumenos Mareiki , Pacak Philipp , Hoffmann Rudolf , Spiehl Dieter , Hofmann Klaus , Bonrad Klaus
Published: December 2015

Significant influence of moisture on the performance of solution processed ZrO2-capacitors was found to be connected to low material density.
Implications for blood-brain-barrier permeability, in vitro oxidative stress and neurotoxicity potential induced by mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of surface modification
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xie Linlin , Fang Chen-Jie , Yang Hua , Wang Yan-Jie , Zhen Xiao-Yu , Yan Chun-Hua , Wang Yuji , Zhao Ming , Peng Shiqi
Published: December 2015

MSNs are shown to have the potential to overcome the BBB and cause neuronal damage. However, the neurotoxicity potential could be mediated with surface modification.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity exhibited by PTh/[Fe(CN)3(NO)(bpy)]·4H2O nanocomposite fibers via a synergistic approach
Authors: Najar Mohd. Hanief , Majid Kowsar
Published: December 2015

This reflects the proposed mechanism for the photo-degradation of MO dye using the synthesized photocatalyst (nanocomposite fibers).
Catalytic helix-sense-selective polymerisation of achiral substituted acetylenes containing bulky π-conjugated planar substituents yielding soluble and statically stable one-handed helical polymers
Authors: Zang Y. , Wang X. , Zhang W. , Aoki T. , Teraguchi M. , Kaneko T. , Ma L. , Jia H.
Published: December 2015

Helix-sense-selective polymerisation of three new achiral substituted acetylenes containing two bulky π-conjugated planar substituents via imino groups by using catalytic amounts of a chiral source were achieved.
Controlled synthesis of Zn(1−1.5x)FexS nanoparticles via a microwave route and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Zhao Weijie , Zhang Jing , Zhang Guangshan , Xi Limin , Wu Hangui , Hao Zhikui
Published: December 2015

The crystallite size, band gap and structure for the Zn(1−1.5x)FexS samples have a strong influence on the degradation of DMP from wastewater.
Synthesis of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether monolaurate catalysed by KF/NaAlO2as a novel and efficient solid base
Authors: Lou Shengfeng , Jia Lihua , Guo Xiangfeng , Wu Wenwang , Gao Lianbing , Wu Hongyuan , Wang Jianjun
Published: December 2015

NaAlO2modified with KF (KF/NaAlO2) was prepared using a simple wet-impregnation method and used for the transesterification of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and methyl laurate. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and good stability.
Ultrasound accelerated sugar based gel for in situ construction of a Eu3+-based metallogel via energy transfer in a supramolecular scaffold
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Zengyao , Xie Dongyan , Wang Chong , Zhen Xiaoli , Li Yajuan , Yu Xudong
Published: December 2015

Phase control on the energy transfer process via an “off–on” approach between a 4-amino-naphthalimide derivative and Eu3+ ions was achieved in sugar-based organogel tissue.
Facile preparation of a composite of TiO2 nanosheets and polyaniline and its gas sensing properties
Authors: Li Yang , Ban Huitao , Zhao Huijie , Yang Mujie
Published: December 2015

Facilely prepared composite of TiO2 nanosheets and polyaniline as a highly sensitive NH3 sensor by a combination of electrospinning and hydrothermal synthesis.
An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide and copper sulfide hollow nanospheres
Authors: Wang Suiping , Han Zheng , Li Yafei , Peng Renfu , Feng Bo
Published: December 2015

A nonenzymatic sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was fabricated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and copper sulfide hollow nanospheres (CuSHNs).
Chelating palladium complexes containing pyridine/pyrimidine hydroxyalkyl di-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity towards C–H activation
Authors: Yang Liangru , Yuan Jinwei , Mao Pu , Guo Qi
Published: December 2015

Chelating palladium complexes containing pyridine/pyrimidine hydroxyalkyl di-functionalized NHCs were synthesized, characterized and tested for C–H activation of (benzo)oxazoles.
Types, principle, and characteristics of tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry and its applications
Authors: Lin Longfei , Lin Hongmei , Zhang Miao , Dong Xiaoxv , Yin Xingbin , Qu Changhai , Ni Jian
Published: December 2015

We review the principle and functional characteristics of different types or models for THRMS and provide a brief description of its applications in medical research, food safety, and environmental protection fields.
Synthesis of a new class of pyrazole embedded spirocyclic scaffolds using magnetically separable Fe3O4@SiO2–SO3H nanoparticles as recyclable solid acid support
Authors: Kundu Ashis , Mukherjee Sayan , Pramanik Animesh
Published: December 2015

A green methodology for the synthesis of a new class of pyrazole embedded spirocyclic scaffolds has been developed using Fe3O4@SiO2–SO3H magnetic nanoparticles.
C–O bond hydrogenolysis vs. CC group hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol: towards sustainable synthesis of 1,2-pentanediol
Authors: Götz Dominik , Lucas Martin , Claus Peter
Published: December 2015

Using highly active supported ruthenium catalysts, the aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol into 1,2-pentanediol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol represents a promising sustainable route substituting for petro-based production processes.
On the prevalence of alternative conceptions on acid–base chemistry among secondary students: insights from cognitive and confidence measures
Authors: Hoe Kai Yee , Subramaniam R.
Published: December 2015

This study presents an analysis of alternative conceptions (ACs) on acid–base chemistry harbored by grade 9 students in Singapore. The ACs were obtained by the development and validation of a 4-tier diagnostic instrument. It is among the very few studies in the science education literature that have focused on examining results based also on measures used in the educational psychology literature. The results indicate that the students harbor a range of ACs of varying strengths in relation to the properties of acids and bases, strengths of acids and bases, pH, neutralization, indicators, and sub-microscopic views of acids and bases. The 25-item instrument uncovered 30 ACs. A novel insight from this study is that when students are presented with a test item with all incorrect answer and reason responses but with a blank space for them to fill up their own answer and reason if they disagree with any of these responses, hardly any chose to do so. ACs were also identified from this question. Overall, the results reiterate the utility of the 4-tier format for identifying ACs and getting some indication of their strengths.
Nitrogen dioxide sensing using tungsten oxide microspheres with hierarchical nanorod-assembled architectures by a complexing surfactant-mediated hydrothermal route
Authors: Shen Yanbai , Wang Wei , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhang Baoqing , Wei Dezhou , Gao Shuling , Cui Baoyu
Published: December 2015

WO3 microspheres with hierarchical nanorod-assembled architectures were synthesized by a complexing surfactant-mediated hydrothermal method and showed high-performance NO2 sensing properties.
A highly stable CuS and CuS–Pt modified Cu2O/CuO heterostructure as an efficient photocathode for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dubale Amare Aregahegn , Tamirat Andebet Gedamu , Chen Hung-Ming , Berhe Taame Abraha , Pan Chun-Jern , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bing-Joe
Published: December 2015

A Cu2O/CuO heterostructure modified with CuS is proposed as a highly promising and stable photocathode for solar hydrogen production.
Synthesis, electronic transport and optical properties of Si:α-Fe2O3 single crystals
Authors: Rettie Alexander J. E. , Chemelewski William D. , Wygant Bryan R. , Lindemuth Jeffrey , Lin Jung-Fu , Eisenberg David , Brauer Carolyn S. , Johnson Timothy J. , Beiswenger Toya N. , Ash Richard D. , Li Xiang , Zhou Jianshi , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: December 2015

We report the synthesis of silicon-doped hematite (Si:α-Fe2O3) single crystals via chemical vapor transport, with Si incorporation on the order of 1019 cm−3.
Measurement‐based indoor NLoS ToA/RSS range error modelling
Authors: Zhang Jiliang , Ding Liqin , Wang Yang , Hu Liujun
Published: December 2015

The time of arrival (ToA) and received signal strength (RSS) estimation errors are modelled based on channel measurements in a non‐line‐of‐sight indoor environment. It is found interesting that their errors are largely independent. Suboptimal hybrid ToA/RSS ranging estimators are derived in closed form based on the obtained error models, and shown to achieve near‐optimal performance. The performance of all the estimators improves as the bandwidth increases.
Global robust finite‐time stabilisation of unknown pure‐feedback systems with input dead‐zone non‐linearity
Authors: Hou Mingzhe , Zhang Zhikai , Deng Zongquan , Duan Guangren
Published: December 2015

This study is concerned with the problem of global robust finite‐time stabilisation of a class of unknown pure‐feedback systems with input dead‐zone non‐linearities. The pure‐feedback non‐linear system under consideration has a pseudo‐affine property and is with non‐linearly parameterised uncertainties. By adopting and improving the existing finite‐time backstepping control approach, a robust finite‐time stabiliser is given, which could ensure the global finite‐time stability of the trivial solution of resulting closed‐loop system. A numerical and a realistic examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Data‐driven control based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation with adaptive weighted gradient estimation
Authors: Dong Na , Wu Chun‐Ho , Gao Zhong‐Ke , Chen Zeng‐qiang , Ip Wai‐Hung
Published: December 2015

This study proposes one novel data‐driven control strategy based upon the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation method with adaptive weighted gradient estimation for general discrete non‐linear systems. A function approximator is used to construct the controller, and here, it is fixed as a neural network (NN), whose structure is fixed previously, while allowing its connecting weights to be updated. The control parameters are then the connecting weights of the NN controller. The biggest advantage of this data‐driven control approach is that it can generate a control signal to affect system's future performance without establishing the plant's mathematical model first. In this novel approach, to improve the control ability and accuracy, an adaptive weighted gradient estimation method is designed to do the parametric estimation with convergence analysis. Non‐linear tracking problems for typical discrete‐time non‐linear plants are introduced for simulation comparison tests, and the convergence and feasibility of this newly proposed data‐driven control strategy are well demonstrated through the simulation results. Finally, empirical study on a simulated wastewater treatment system is carried out to further illustrate the effectiveness of this newly proposed approach.
Comparison of delay estimation models for signalised intersections using field observations in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Zhongyu , Chen Shiyu , Yang Hang , Wu Bing , Wang Yinhai
Published: December 2015

Vehicular control delay is important in evaluating the level of service and designing or adjusting the control schemes at signalised intersections. Although control delay may be obtained directly or indirectly nowadays for vehicles with global positioning system (GPS) or at locations with designated sensor types and configurations, such data are still not widely available. The analytical and empirical procedures for control delay estimation are still important, particularly in developing countries. However, very few studies explored the effectiveness of existing control delay estimation methods. This study intends to address this issue by comparing the delays estimated by four commonly adopted models using field data observed from three signalised intersections in Shanghai. Specifically, the study compares the delay estimates from deterministic queuing model, Webster model, highway capacity manual (HCM) 2000 model, and Shanghai adjusted model. The results indicate that HCM 2000 model and Shanghai adjusted model perform similarly and satisfactorily under various v /c ratios while deterministic queuing model has better performance when the v /c ratio is extremely high, but Webster model is mostly inadequate at coordinated signalised intersections. Meanwhile, signal progression, initial queue, proportion of vehicles arriving on green are found as main influential factors to the precision of models based on data analysis.
Structural phase transition causing anomalous photoluminescence behavior in perovskite (C6H11NH3)2[PbI4]
Authors: Yangui A. , Pillet S. , Mlayah A. , Lusson A. , Bouchez G. , Triki S. , Abid Y. , Boukheddaden K.
Published: December 2015

Optical and structural properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type (C6H11NH3)2[PbI4] (abbreviated as C6PbI4) were investigated using optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and x-ray diffraction measurements. Room temperature, optical absorption measurements, performed on spin-coated films of C6PbI4, revealed two absorption bands at 2.44 and 3.21 eV. Upon 325 nm (3.815 eV) laser irradiation, strong green PL emission peaks were observed at 2.41 eV (P1) and 2.24 eV (P2) and assigned to free and localized excitons, respectively. The exciton binding energy was estimated at 356 meV. At low temperature, two additional emission bands were detected at 2.366 eV (P3) and a large band (LB) at 1.97 eV. The former appeared only below 40 K and the latter emerged below 130 K. The thermal dependence of the PL spectra revealed an abnormal behavior accompanied by singularities in the peak positions and intensities at 40 and 130 K. X-ray diffraction studies performed on powder and single crystals as a function of temperature evidenced significant changes of the interlayer spacing at 50 K and ∼138 K. Around 138 K, a commensurate to incommensurate structural phase transition occurred on cooling. It involves a symmetry breaking leading to a distortion of the PbI6 octahedron. The resulting incommensurate spatial modulation of the Pb–I distances (and Pb–I–Pb angles) causes a spatial modulation of the band gap, which is at the origin of the emergence of the LB below ∼130 K and the anomalous behavior of the position of P1 below 130 K. The change of the interlayer spacing in the 40-50 K range may in turn be related to the significant decrease of the intensity of P2 and the maximum emission of the LB. These results underline the intricate character of the structural and the PL properties of the hybrid perovskites; understanding such properties should benefit to the design of optoelectronic devices with targeted properties.
Normal ordering for nonlinear deformed ladder operators and the f-generalization of the Stirling and Bell numbers
Authors: Aleixo A. N. F. , Balantekin A. B.
Published: December 2015

We resolve the normal ordering problem for symmetric (Dˆ+Dˆ−)n and asymmetric (Dˆ+rDˆ−)n strings of the nonlinear deformed ladder operators Dˆ± for supersymmetric and shape-invariant potential systems, where r and n are positive integers. We provide exact and explicit expressions for their normal forms N{(Dˆ+Dˆ−)n} and N{(Dˆ+rDˆ−)n}, where in N{...} all Dˆ− are at the right side. We find that the solutions involve sequence of expansion coefficients which, for r, n > 1, corresponds to the f-deformed generalization of the classical Stirling and Bell numbers of the second kind. We apply the general formalism for the translational shape-invariant potential systems as well as for the particular case of the harmonic oscillator potential system. We show that these numbers are obtained for families of polynomial expressions generated with the deformations parameters and the parameters related to the forms of the supersymmetric partner potentials.
Shear horizontal acoustic waves propagating along two isotropic solid plates bonded with a non-dissipative adhesive layer: Effects of the rough interfaces
Authors: Potel Catherine , Bruneau Michel , Foze N'Djomo Ludovic C. , Leduc Damien , Echcherif Elkettani Mounsif , Izbicki Jean-Louis
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical contribution which presents the application of shear-horizontal (SH)-guided waves for the characterisation of a bi-layered structure which consists of two isotropic plates adhesively bonded using a non-dissipative thin layer of glue. The thickness of the layer of glue is assumed to be non-negligible, and the interfaces between this layer of glue and the plates are both assumed to be roughened (parallel ridges with complex shape and depth profiles). The basis of the theoretical approach is an extension of the integral formulation, in the frame of SH modal couplings due to the roughness, which has been developed previously for SH-wave propagation over a single plate with a rough surface. This approach assumes that the average roughness height is a small fraction of the thicknesses of the waveguides (the plates) everywhere. The changes, due to the roughness, in the characteristics of the fields created by a harmonic source set at the entrance edge of the structure are expressed through the mapping of the displacement and stress perturbations. Preliminary tests of the effectiveness of the model are given; they rely on the phase-matching effects of periodic profiles and pseudo-random experimental profile.
Structural and luminescence properties of GaN nanowires grown using cobalt phthalocyanine as catalyst
Authors: Yadav Shivesh , Rodríguez-Fernández Carlos , de Lima Mauricio M. , Cantarero Andres , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: December 2015

Catalyst free methods have usually been employed to avoid any catalyst induced contamination for the synthesis of GaN nanowires with better transport and optical properties. Here, we have used a catalytic route to grow GaN nanowires, which show good optical quality. Structural and luminescence properties of GaN nanowires grown by vapor-liquid-solid technique using cobalt phthalocyanine as catalyst are systematically investigated as a function of various growth parameters such as the growth temperature and III/V ratio. The study reveals that most of the nanowires, which are several tens of microns long, grow along [101¯0] direction. Interestingly, the average wire diameter has been found to decrease with the increase in III/V ratio. It has also been observed that in these samples, defect related broad luminescence features, which are often present in GaN, are completely suppressed. At all temperatures, photoluminescence spectrum is found to be dominated only by a band edge feature, which comprises of free and bound excitonic transitions. Our study furthermore reveals that the bound excitonic feature is associated with excitons trapped in certain deep level defects, which result from the deficiency of nitrogen during growth. This transition has a strong coupling with the localized vibrational modes of the defects.
Development of a miniature microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma ion thruster for exospheric micro-propulsion
Authors: Dey Indranuj , Toyoda Yuji , Yamamoto Naoji , Nakashima Hideki
Published: December 2015

A miniature microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma source [(discharge diameter)/(microwave cutoff diameter) < 0.3] has been developed at Kyushu University to be used as an ion thruster in micro-propulsion applications in the exosphere. The discharge source uses both radial and axial magnetostatic field confinement to facilitate electron cyclotron resonance and increase the electron dwell time in the volume, thereby enhancing plasma production efficiency. Performance of the ion thruster is studied at 3 microwave frequencies (1.2 GHz, 1.6 GHz, and 2.45 GHz), for low input powers (<15 W) and small xenon mass flow rates (<40 μg/s), by experimentally measuring the extracted ion beam current through a potential difference of ≅1200 V. The discharge geometry is found to operate most efficiently at an input microwave frequency of 1.6 GHz. At this frequency, for an input power of 8 W, and propellant (xenon) mass flow rate of 21 μg/s, 13.7 mA of ion beam current is obtained, equivalent to an calculated thrust of 0.74 mN.
Preparation of a ferromagnetic barrier in YBa2Cu3O7–δ thinner than the coherence length
Authors: Soltan S. , Albrecht J. , Goering E. , Schütz G. , Mustafa L. , Keimer B. , Habermeier H.-U.
Published: December 2015

Thin ferromagnetic La2∕3Ca1∕3MnO3 layers are deposited in between two layers of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO) by pulsed laser deposition. Using a tailored buffer layer allows the change of the orientation of the CuO2 planes inside the superconducting layers. With this technique it is possible to produce ferromagnetic barrier layers with high ferromagnetic transition temperatures that are thinner than the coherence length of the adjacent superconductors. Magnetization and electric transport measurements suggest that this geometry might be successful for the generation of ferromagnetic Josephson junctions in high temperature superconducting YBCO.
Third harmonic generation in air ambient and laser ablated carbon plasma
Authors: Singh Ravi Pratap , Gupta Shyam L. , Thareja Raj K.
Published: December 2015

We report the third harmonic generation of a nanosecond laser pulse (1.06 μm) in air ambient and in the presence of nanoparticles from laser ablated carbon plasma. Significant decrease in the threshold of third harmonic generation and multi-fold increment in the intensity of generated third harmonic is observed in presence of carbon plasma. The third harmonic in air is due to the quasi-resonant four photon process involving vibrationally excited states of molecular ion of nitrogen due to electron impact ionization and laser pulse. Following optical emission spectroscopic observations we conclude that the presence of C2 and CN in the ablated plume play a vital role in the observed third harmonic signals.
Temperature dependence of conductance in NiO-based resistive switching memory showing two modes in the forming process
Authors: Sasakura Hiroki , Nishi Yusuke , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: December 2015

Two modes were observed in the forming process in a resistive switching cell based on NiO deposited by radio-frequency reactive sputtering. After semi-forming, the first step of the forming, the conductance of the cell exhibited several discrete values characterized by integer n multiples of the quantized conductance G0. n was 1 just after semi-forming and increased depending on the applied voltage. Nonpolar-type resistive switching behaviors were confirmed after both the first and the second step of the forming. We investigated temperature dependence of conductance in several states, the structural properties and oxygen composition in NiO, and a model for resistive switching phenomena was discussed.
Communication: An accurate full 15 dimensional permutationally invariant potential energy surface for the OH + CH4 → H2O + CH3 reaction
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Hua
Published: December 2015

A globally accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the OH + CH4 → H2O + CH3 reaction is developed using the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach based on ∼135 000 points at the level of correlated coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence triple-zeta basis set. The total root mean square fitting error is only 3.9 meV or 0.09 kcal/mol. This PES is shown to reproduce energies, geometries, and harmonic frequencies of stationary points along the reaction path. Kinetic and dynamical calculations on the PES indicated a good agreement with the available experimental data.
Communication: Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) anion and accurate determination of the electron affinity of TCNQ
Authors: Zhu Guo-Zhu , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: December 2015

Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is widely used as an electron acceptor to form highly conducting organic charge-transfer solids. Surprisingly, the electron affinity (EA) of TCNQ is not well known and has never been directly measured. Here, we report vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) of the TCNQ− anion produced using electrospray and cooled in a cryogenic ion trap. Photoelectron spectrum taken at 354.7 nm represents the detachment transition from the ground state of TCNQ− to that of neutral TCNQ with a short vibrational progression. The EA of TCNQ is measured accurately to be 3.383 ± 0.001 eV (27 289 ± 8 cm−1), compared to the 2.8 ± 0.1 eV value known in the literature and measured previously using collisional ionization technique. In addition, six vibrational peaks are observed in the photoelectron spectrum, yielding vibrational frequencies for three totally symmetric modes of TCNQ. Two-photon PES via a bound electronic excited state of TCNQ− at 3.100 eV yields a broad low kinetic energy peak due to fast internal conversion to vibrationally excited levels of the anion ground electronic state. The high EA measured for TCNQ underlies its ability as a good electron acceptor.
Nickel phlorin intermediate formed by proton-coupled electron transfer in hydrogen evolution mechanism
Authors: Solis Brian H. , Maher Andrew G. , Dogutan Dilek K. , Nocera Daniel G. , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon
Published: December 2015

Significance

Global energy sustainability requires the development of effective energy conversion processes. In the hydrogen evolution reaction, electrons and protons are combined to generate molecular hydrogen, which stores energy in its chemical bond. Molecular electrocatalysts have been designed to facilitate this reaction by making it occur faster with lower energy input, often utilizing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), which couples the motions of electrons and protons to avoid high-energy intermediates. Examination of a nickel porphyrin electrocatalyst indicates that the active intermediate stores electrons in the C–H bond of the modified porphyrin generated by PCET, rather than in the traditional metal-hydride bond. The ability to store electrons in the ligand rather than in the metal has significant implications for the design of electrocatalysts.
Mechanisms of JAK/STAT pathway negative regulation by the short coreceptor Eye Transformer/Latran
Authors: Fisher Katherine H. , Stec Wojciech , Brown Stephen , Zeidler Martin P.
Published: December 2015

Transmembrane receptors interact with extracellular ligands to transduce intracellular signaling cascades, modulate target gene expression, and regulate processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and homeostasis. As a consequence, aberrant signaling events often underlie human disease. Whereas the vertebrate JAK/STAT signaling cascade is transduced via multiple receptor combinations, the Drosophila pathway has only one full-length signaling receptor, Domeless (Dome), and a single negatively acting receptor, Eye Transformer/Latran (Et/Lat). Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Et/Lat activity. We demonstrate that Et/Lat negatively regulates the JAK/STAT pathway activity and can bind to Dome, thus reducing Dome:Dome homodimerization by creating signaling-incompetent Dome:Et/Lat heterodimers. Surprisingly, we find that Et/Lat is able to bind to both JAK and STAT92E but, despite the presence of putative cytokine-binding motifs, does not detectably interact with pathway ligands. We find that Et/Lat is trafficked through the endocytic machinery for lysosomal degradation but at a much slower rate than Dome, a difference that may enhance its ability to sequester Dome into signaling-incompetent complexes. Our data offer new insights into the molecular mechanism and regulation of Et/Lat in Drosophila that may inform our understanding of how short receptors function in other organisms.
The alternate AP-1 adaptor subunit Apm2 interacts with the Mil1 regulatory protein and confers differential cargo sorting
Authors: Whitfield Shawn T. , Burston Helen E. , Bean Björn D. M. , Raghuram Nandini , Maldonado-Báez Lymarie , Davey Michael , Wendland Beverly , Conibear Elizabeth
Published: December 2015

Heterotetrameric adaptor protein complexes are important mediators of cargo protein sorting in clathrin-coated vesicles. The cell type–specific expression of alternate μ chains creates distinct forms of AP-1 with altered cargo sorting, but how these subunits confer differential function is unclear. Whereas some studies suggest the μ subunits specify localization to different cellular compartments, others find that the two forms of AP-1 are present in the same vesicle but recognize different cargo. Yeast have two forms of AP-1, which differ only in the μ chain. Here we show that the variant μ chain Apm2 confers distinct cargo-sorting functions. Loss of Apm2, but not of Apm1, increases cell surface levels of the v-SNARE Snc1. However, Apm2 is unable to replace Apm1 in sorting Chs3, which requires a dileucine motif recognized by the γ/σ subunits common to both complexes. Apm2 and Apm1 colocalize at Golgi/early endosomes, suggesting that they do not associate with distinct compartments. We identified a novel, conserved regulatory protein that is required for Apm2-dependent sorting events. Mil1 is a predicted lipase that binds Apm2 but not Apm1 and contributes to its membrane recruitment. Interactions with specific regulatory factors may provide a general mechanism to diversify the functional repertoire of clathrin adaptor complexes.
Curtailing patient-specific IMRT QA procedures from 2D dose error distribution
Authors: Kurosu Keita , Sumida Iori , Mizuno Hirokazu , Otani Yuki , Oda Michio , Isohashi Fumiaki , Seo Yuji , Suzuki Osamu , Ogawa Kazuhiko
Published: December 2015

A patient-specific quality assurance (QA) test is conducted to verify the accuracy of dose delivery. It generally consists of three verification processes: the absolute point dose difference, the planar dose differences at each gantry angle, and the planar dose differences by 3D composite irradiation. However, this imposes a substantial workload on medical physicists. The objective of this study was to determine whether our novel method that predicts the 3D delivered dose allows certain patient-specific IMRT QAs to be curtailed. The object was IMRT QA for the pelvic region with regard to point dose and composite planar dose differences. We compared measured doses, doses calculated in the treatment planning system, and doses predicted by in-house software. The 3D predicted dose was reconstructed from the per-field measurement by incorporating the relative dose error distribution into the original dose grid of each beam. All point dose differences between the measured and the calculated dose were within ±3%, whereas 93.3% of them between the predicted and the calculated dose were within ±3%. As for planar dose differences, the gamma passing rates between the calculated and the predicted dose were higher than those between the calculated and the measured dose. Comparison and statistical analysis revealed a correlation between the predicted and the measured dose with regard to both point dose and planar dose differences. We concluded that the prediction-based approach is an accurate substitute for the conventional measurement-based approach in IMRT QA for the pelvic region. Our novel approach will help medical physicists save time on IMRT QA.
Evolution, Diversity, and Taxonomy of the Peronosporaceae, with Focus on the Genus Peronospora
Authors: Thines Marco , Choi Young-Joon
Published: December 2015

Downy mildews are a notorious group of oomycete plant pathogens, causing high economic losses in various crops and ornamentals. The most species-rich genus of oomycetes is the genus Peronospora. This review provides a wide overview of these pathogens, ranging from macro- and micro-evolutionary patterns, their biodiversity and ecology to short overviews for the currently economically most important pathogens and potential emerging diseases. In this overview, the taxonomy of economically relevant species is also discussed, as the application of the correct names and species concepts is a prerequisite for effective quarantine regulations and phytosanitary measures.