bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Action Sport Media Consumption Trends Across Generations: Exploring the Olympic Audience and the Impact of Action Sports Inclusion
Authors: Wheaton Belinda , Thorpe Holly
Published: July 2018

The ageing demographics of Olympic viewers is a key concern for the International Olympic Committee. The inclusion of action sports into the Olympic programmes has been a key strategy to try and connect with youth consumers, most recently through the inclusion of skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing into the Tokyo 2020 summer games. Drawing on a questionnaire distributed online in nine languages, and contextualized with analysis of the action sport media, our research explores international and multigenerational action sport consumers’ sport viewing preferences and attitudes to the Olympic inclusion of action sports. Our findings suggest that action sport participants across different countries, ages, and genders are avid consumers of action sport media but also keen consumers of the Olympics. The majority of survey participants were enthusiastic about the inclusion of action sports (and particularly skateboarding) into the Olympic Games, although there were important trends across nationalities and ages. Nonetheless, reflecting debates in the subcultural media, participants also have concerns about the processes and politics of action sports inclusion. Action sports may well provide the International Olympic Committee with new lucrative markets, but to maximise the engagement of complex intergenerational audiences, their viewing preferences will need continued attention and understanding.
Race Matters for Black Canadians: The Intersection of Acculturation and Racial Identity in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Medina Abunya C. , Rowley Stephanie J. , Towson Shelagh
Published: July 2018

Drawing mainly from psychological theories, the present study examines the potential indirect effect of cultural orientation on life satisfaction in a sample of first- and second-generation Black Caribbean and African emerging adults ( Mage = 21.18, SD = 3.53) in Canada. Participants ( N = 187) reported their mainstream White culture orientation, heritage culture orientation, and mainstream Black culture orientation, in addition to racial public regard and life satisfaction. Consistent with the hypotheses, the results indicated that racial public regard drives the relation between White culture orientation and life satisfaction, but not the relation between heritage culture orientation and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that, for Black Canadian immigrants, both heritage culture and racial group memberships are significant; the latter connects their orientation toward White culture with life satisfaction.
Rethinking Literacy and Responsibility: A Diffractive Engagement With Posthumanist Education and Jain Nonviolence
Authors: Rubin Jessica Cira
Published: July 2018

In this theoretical article, posthumanist theories of education and Jain nonviolence are brought into conversation through a diffractive analysis. This co-consideration of texts produces a renewed sense of the relationships among humans, the more-than-human world, and (non)violence: relationships that can produce and be produced by various literacy practices. Emergent understandings relate to reimagining literacy as a distributed enactment, expanding critical literacy farther beyond recent calls for an affective turn, and recognizing the entanglement of literacy, nonviolence, and responsibility.
Identifying and Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Medication Adherence Among Marshallese Adults in Arkansas
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Balli Michelle L. , Hudson Jonell S. , Long Christopher R. , Hudson Teresa , Wilmoth Ralph , Rowland Brett , Warmack T. Scott , Purvis Rachel S. , Schulz Thomas , Riklon Sheldon , Holland Angel , Dickey Tiffany
Published: July 2018

Background: Significant health disparities are present in Marshallese adults residing in the United States, most notably a high incidence of type 2 diabetes and other chronic conditions. There is limited research on medication adherence in the Marshallese population. Objective: This study explored perceptions of and experiences with medication adherence among Marshallese adults residing in Arkansas, with the aim of identifying and better understanding barriers and facilitators to medication adherence. Methods: Eligible participants were Marshallese adults taking at least one medication for a chronic health condition. Each participant completed a brief survey and semistructured interview conducted in Marshallese by a bilingual Marshallese staff member. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated from Marshallese to English. Qualitative data were coded for a priori and emergent themes. Results: A total of 40 participants were included in the study. The most common contributing factor for nonadherence was forgetting to take medication (82%). A majority of participants (70%) reported difficulty paying for medicine, 45% reported at least one form of cost-related nonadherence, and 40% engaged in more than one cost-related nonadherence practice. Family support and medication pill boxes were identified as facilitators for medication adherence. The majority of the participants (76.9%) stated that they understood the role of a pharmacist. Participants consistently desired more education on their medications from pharmacy providers. Conclusion: This is the first study to explore barriers and facilitators to medication adherence among Marshallese patients. The findings can be used to develop methods to improve medication adherence among Marshallese.
The common VWF single nucleotide variants c.2365A>G and c.2385T>C modify VWF biosynthesis and clearance
Authors: Mufti Ahmad H. , Ogiwara Kenichi , Swystun Laura L. , Eikenboom Jeroen C. J. , Budde Ulrich , Hopman Wilma M. , Halldén Christer , Goudemand Jenny , Peake Ian R. , Goodeve Anne C. , Lillicrap David , Hampshire Daniel J.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

VWF variants c.2365A>G and c.2385T>C independently influence VWF biosynthesis and clearance, increasing VWF plasma levels. Commonly inherited VWF variants can directly influence the protein and may contribute to hemostatic and thrombotic disease risk/severity.
Trispecific killer engager CD16xIL15xCD33 potently induces NK cell activation and cytotoxicity against neoplastic mast cells
Authors: Don Yun Hyun , Felices Martin , Vallera Daniel A. , Hinderlie Peter , Cooley Sarah , Arock Michel , Gotlib Jason , Ustun Celalettin , Miller Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

NK cell natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of patients with systemic mastocytosis are normal. Trispecific killer engagers (161533 TriKE) target NK cells from normal donors and systemic mastocytosis patients to kill mast cells.
Prediction of chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury in ICU patients: study protocol for the PREDICT multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Geri Guillaume , Stengel Bénédicte , Jacquelinet Christian , Aegerter Philippe , Massy Ziad A. , Vieillard-Baron Antoine ,   the PREDICT investigators, Legriel Stéphane , Laurent Virginie , Teboul Jean-Louis , Tarazona Anatole Virginie , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Mira Jean-Paul , Diehl Jean-Luc , Pirracchio Romain , Bigé Naike , Dupuis Claire , Gaudry Stéphane , Maizel Julien , Souweine Bertrand , Zafrani Lara , Mégarbane Bruno , Mebazaa Alexandre , Durbach Antoine , Audard Vincent , Thervet Eric , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Hanouna Guillaume , Titeca Dimitri , Philiponnet Carole , Glotz Denis
Published: July 2018

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent and associated with poor outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Besides the association with short- and long-term mortality, the increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recently highlighted in non-ICU patients. This study aims to describe the incidence and determinants of CKD after AKI and to develop a prediction score for CKD in ICU patients.

Methods

Prospective multicenter (n = 17) observational study included 1200 ICU patients who suffered from AKI (defined by an AKIN stage ≥ 1) during their ICU stay and were discharged alive from ICU. Preexisting end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and immunosuppressant treatments are the main exclusion criteria. Patients will be monitored by a nephrologist at day 90 and every year for 3 years. The main outcome is the occurrence of CKD defined by a creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or renal replacement therapy for ESRD in patients whose eGFR will be normalized (≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at day 90. Secondary outcomes include albuminuria changes, eGFR decline slope and ESRD risk in patients with preexisting CKD, cardiovascular and thromboembolic events and health-related quality of life.

Discussion

This is the first study prospectively investigating kidney function evolution in ICU patients who suffered from AKI. Albuminuria and eGFR monitoring will allow to identify ICU patients at risk of CKD who may benefit from close surveillance after recovering from AKI. Major patient and AKI-related determinants will be tested to develop a prediction score for CKD in this population.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03282409. Registered on September 14, 2017
Lipidomics: a promising cancer biomarker
Authors: Yan Furong , Zhao Hong , Zeng Yiming
Published: July 2018

The prevention, diagnosis and targeted therapies of cancer are important in cancer controlling and treatment. The present challenge about cancer biomarker still remains in identifying the special biomarkers for predicting cancer risk and assessing patient's response during anticancer treatment. Lipidomics, in simple definition is the quantification of all lipids in a confined biological entity. Lipids play roles in membrane structure, energy storage, and signal transduction as well as in human cancers. Previous researches indicated that lipids may serve as a promising biomarker in the early diagnoses and individualized treatment of cancer.
Nodal and Hedgehog synergize in gill slit formation during development of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae
Authors: Ono Hiroki , Koop Demian , Holland Linda Z.
Published: July 2018

The larval pharynx of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma (amphioxus) is asymmetrical. The mouth is on the left, and endostyle and gill slits are on the right. At the neurula, Nodal and Hedgehog (Hh) expression becomes restricted to the left. To dissect their respective roles in gill slit formation, we inhibited each pathway separately for 20 min at intervals during the neurula stage, before gill slits penetrate, and monitored the effects on morphology and expression of pharyngeal markers. The results pinpoint the short interval spanning the gastrula/neurula transition as the critical period for specification and positioning of future gill slits. Thus, reduced Nodal signaling shifts the gill slits ventrally, skews the pharyngeal domains of Hh, Pax1/9, Pax2/5/8, Six1/2 and IrxC towards the left, and reduces Hh and Tbx1/10 expression in endoderm and mesoderm, respectively. Nodal auto-regulates. Decreased Hh signaling does not affect gill slit positions or Hh or Nodal expression, but it does reduce the domain of Gli, the Hh target, in the pharyngeal endoderm. Thus, during the neurula stage, Nodal and Hh cooperate in gill slit development – Hh mediates gill slit formation and Nodal establishes their left-right position.
Janus-Type Dendritic Organoiridium(III) Complex Bearing Hole- and Electron-Transporting Moieties: Synthesis, Luminescence Properties, and OLED Applications
Authors: Okamura Naoki , Maeda Takeshi , Yagi Shigeyuki
Published: July 2018

A novel tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complex bearing carbazole-based hole-transporting and triarylphosphine oxide-based electron-transporting dendrons was synthesized through a convergent synthetic route, and its facial and meridional isomers were isolated by conventional silica gel chromatography. The facial isomer exhibited sky-blue photoluminescence (PL) from the phosphorescent core even in the neat film state with a relatively high PL quantum yield (ΦPL) of 0.57 because the dendrons efficiently suppress aggregate formation between the cores. The meridional isomer was less emissive (ΦPL; 0.029 in deaerated dichloromethane) but photoisomerized to the facial isomer by UV light irradiation (365 nm) in spite of large steric hindrance between the bulky dendrons. A non-doped organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing the facial isomer exhibited sky-blue electroluminescence with a higher maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 1.6% than that of a comparable device employing a reference complex bearing only hole-transporting dendrons (EQEmax; 0.5%). As lipophilic and apolar tert-butyl groups are placed on the molecular surface, the present dendritic complex is soluble in cyclohexane and insoluble in ethanol. Utilizing this characteristic solubility, non-doped multilayer OLEDs consisting of a stack of hole-transporting layer/emitting layer (the dendritic complex)/electron-transporting layer were fabricated by solution processing. One of the multilayer devices exhibited an improved EQEmax of 5.2%.
A Limitação Territorial da Coisa Julgada como Óbice ao Acesso à Justiça
Authors: Borges Daniela Meca , Ferreira Olavo Augusto Vianna Alves
Published: July 2018

As ações coletivas têm como pontos sensíveis a discussão acerca da legitimidade e da coisa julgada. O presente estudo tem por escopo a análise desta última, em que o debate se justifica porque a coisa julgada reflete as consequências do processo no mundo real. A coisa julgada nas demandas coletivas teve sua extensão ampliada para operar-se erga omnes ou ultra partes (redação original do art. 16 da Lei n. 7.347/1985 e art. 103 da Lei n. 8.078/1990), objetivando evitar a multiplicação de demandas com o mesmo pedido e causa de pedir e a existência de decisões conflitantes. Ocorre que a Lei n. 9.494/1997, até hoje em vigor, alterou o artigo 16 da Lei da Ação Civil Pública (Lei n. 7.347/1985) para limitar a coisa julgada à competência territorial do órgão prolator. A partir de então, surgiram grandes celeumas na doutrina e na jurisprudência pátria quanto à constitucionalidade, eficácia e aplicabilidade desta alteração, que ainda não foram definitivamente dirimidas. Diante desse cenário, são feitas considerações críticas, mediante emprego do método dedutivo, acerca da limitação da coisa julgada pela competência territorial do órgão prolator da decisão, que permitem concluir pela sua incompatibilidade com o microssistema processual coletivo e, também, que ela representa barreira ao acesso à justiça.
O Princípio da Concentração da Matrícula e a Fraude à Execução: um Diálogo entre a Lei n. 13.097/2015 e o CPC/2015
Authors: Didier Jr Fredie Souza , Braga Paula Sarno
Published: July 2018

Trata-se de um ensaio que visa a analisar a constitucionalidade formal dos arts. 54-56 da Lei n. 13.097/2015, considerando que a lei decorre da conversão de medida provisória que trata de tema de Direito material (e não processual). Visa, ainda, a demonstrar a compatibilidade desses artigos, que disciplinam a ciência da fraude como pressuposto necessário para a configuração de fraude à execução no contexto dos negócios imobiliários, com o regramento posterior do CPC/2015, que alcança, também, os negócios mobiliários. As leis em comento não se contrapõem e acabam sendo complementares entre si na regência da matéria.
The Spartan Amyklaion: the Early Iron Age Pottery from the Sanctuary
Authors: Vlachou Vicky
Published: July 2018

Η μεγάλη ποσότητα των κεραμικών ευρημάτων από τον χαμηλό λόφο της Αγίας Κυριακής στις Αμύκλες παραμένει η σημαντικότερη μαρτυρία για τη χρήση του χώρου και τις δραστηριότητες, που λάμβαναν χώρα κατά τη μακρά περίοδο που προηγήθηκε της κατασκευής του μνημειακού Θρόνου του Απόλλωνα στο ίδιο σημείο. Η μελέτη της κεραμικής από τις νεότερες έρευνες που διεξάγονται συστηματικά από το 2006 και εξής από το Μουσείο Μπενάκη και την Ε´ Εφορεία Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων, σε συνδυασμό με την εκ νέου μελέτη των ευρημάτων των παλαιότερων ανασκαφών, μπορεί να συμβάλει στη σαφέστερη διάκριση των διαδοχικών φάσεων χρήσης του χώρου και της σταδιακής αποκρυστάλλωσης των δραστηριοτήτων και τελετουργιών έως και τον πρώιμο 7ο αιώνα π.Χ., όταν πλέον οι εορταστικές εκδηλώσεις φαίνεται ότι είχαν αποκτήσει συγκεκριμένη μορφή.Ιδιαιτέρως σημαντική είναι η ταύτιση για πρώτη φορά στο Αμυκλαίο ορισμένων οστράκων κλειστών και ανοιχτών αγγείων που φαίνεται να ανήκουν σε μια μεταβατική Υπο-μυκηναϊκή/Πρωτογεωμετρική φάση, σύγχρονη με τα τελευταία τροχήλατα ειδώλια από τον ίδιο χώρο. Οι δραστηριότητες στον χώρο του ιερού κλιμακώνονται σταδιακά ήδη από τα μέσα του 10ου αιώνα π.Χ., σε αναλογία με την αυξανόμενη ποσότητα των κεραμικών ευρημάτων. Τα περιορισμένα ευρήματα από τα υπόλοιπα σπαρτιατικά ιερά, σε σύγκριση με τις μεγάλες ποσότητες από το Αμυκλαίο, αποτελούν σημαντική ένδειξη της σπουδαιότητας του χώρου, ήδη από την περίοδο αυτή. Τα αγγεία για κατανάλωση φαγητού και ποτού υπερτερούν στα κεραμικά σύνολα και αποτελούν ισχυρή ένδειξη των δραστηριοτήτων κατά την εποχή αυτή. Ο 9ος αιώνας φαίνεται να αποτελεί μια περίοδο σημαντικών κοινωνικών αλλαγών, όπως αντανακλάται στα ευρήματα από το Αμυκλαίο. Έως το τέλος του 8ου αιώνα π.Χ. εικονιστικές παραστάσεις χορού, μάχης, αθλητών, άγριων ζώων και μειξογενών όντων εμφανίζονται στην επιφάνεια κυρίως μεγάλων κρατήρων.
The Epigraphic Evidence of the Sanctuary of Apollo Amyklaios
Authors: Zavvou Eleni , Themos Athanassios
Published: July 2018

Tο ιερό του Απόλλωνος Aμυκλαίου ήταν ένα από τα σημαντικότερα λατρευτικά κέντρα των Λακεδαιμονίων και από τον Θουκυδίδη αναφέρεται ως χώρος ίδρυσης στηλών με κείμενα πολιτικής σημασίας (Θουκ. V.18.10, V.23.5). Στις σωζόμενες επιγραφικές μαρτυρίες του ιερού περιλαμβάνονται αναθηματικές επιγραφές ιδιωτικού ή δημοσίου χαρακτήρα, χαραγμένες σε χάλκινα και λίθινα αναθήματα, δύο ανάγλυφες ενεπίγραφες στήλες, μία εκ των οποίων ταυτίζεται με τη στήλη του Αινήτου, που είδε ο Παυσανίας (ΙΙΙ.18.7) στον χώρο του ιερού, και ένας κατάλογος ονομάτων γυναικών, οι οποίες πιθανώς συμμετείχαν στην εορτή των Υακινθίων, χαραγμένος σε τμήμα κεράμου κατά την ελληνιστική εποχή. Περιλαμβάνονται ακόμα κατάλογοι αρχόντων και τιμητικά μνημεία μελών της σπαρτιατικής αριστοκρατίας και ιερέων και ιερειών του Απόλλωνος Αμυκλαίου, καθώς και ένα τμήμα αναμνηστικής επιγραφής. Σημαντική κατηγορία επιγραφών είναι τα ονόματα των τεχνιτών, που χαράχθηκαν πάνω στα αρχιτεκτονικά μέλη του Θρόνου. Σώζονται επίσης λίγα χαράγματα ονομάτων πάνω σε όστρακα και τμήματα κεραμίδων, καθώς και ικανός αριθμός ενσφράγιστων κεράμων, που οδήγησαν ήδη από τον 19ο αι. στην ταύτιση των αρχαίων λειψάνων.Στα “νέα” ευρήματα του ιερού, που εντοπίσαμε στις αποθήκες του Μουσείου Σπάρτης, όπου είχαν μεταφερθεί κατά το παρελθόν, περιλαμβάνεται τμήμα ερμαϊκής πιθανότατα στήλης, που σώζει το κατώτερο τμήμα τιμητικής επιγραφής και μπορεί να χρονολογηθεί μετά την Constitutio Antoniniana, καθώς και ένα τμήμα βάθρου, που σώζει κατάλογο αρχόντων του 3ου αι. μ.Χ. και συγκολλήθηκε με γνωστό από το παρελθόν τμήμα επιγραφής (IG V1, 523). Oι πρόσφατες ανασκαφικές έρευνες στο ιερό του Aπόλλωνος Aμυκλαίου απέδωσαν ένα ακόμα τμήμα επιγραφής, το οποίο συγκολλήσαμε με το γνωστό τμήμα της ερμαϊκής στήλης, στην οποία είχε αναγραφεί το cursus honorum ενός από τα τελευταία γνωστά μέλη της σπαρτιατικής αριστοκρατίας, του Σέκστου Ευδάμου, υιού του Σέκστου Πομπήιου Oνασικράτους (IG V1, 559).
Initiating DNA barcoding of Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea biota
Authors: PAZ GUY , YUDKOVSKY YANA , SHAISH LEE , STERN NIR , LUBINEVSKI HADAS , MIENIS HENK K , DOUEK JACOB , GALIL BELLA S , GOREN MENACHEM , RINKEVICH BARUCH
Published: July 2018

Preliminary results of DNA barcoding survey of deep-sea mega-faunal biota are presented, collected by trawl and gillnet off the Israeli coast (SE Mediterranean, depths 700 to 1500 meters) during 2012-2013. 846 organisms were identified to 37 species, mainly fish and decapod crustaceans. The most abundant species were the blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus, the cosmopolitan decapod Polycheles typhlops and the bivalve Abra longicallus. Two species were sampled for the first time from the southern Levant- the long armed chiroteuthid squid Chiroteuthis veranyi and the common mora, Mora moro. Four of the 18 fish species and two of the 10 crustacean species were abundant, representing 78% and 61%, respectively, of the organisms collected. Most other species are represented by fewer than 10 individuals. PCR products for the cytochrome c oxidase sub unit I (COI) gene for the 37 species were successfully sequenced. The identified and vouchered individuals are stored at the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History (Tel Aviv University, Israel) and their COI sequences were uploaded into the BoLD universal data center as part of the national marine barcoding project. The COI sequences of Acanthephyra eximia, Gryphus vitreus, Galeodea echinophora, Mesothuria intestinalis and Astropecten irregularis, constitute first records of these species in BoLD. When compared to the COI sequences in BoLD, the present results reveal some inconsistency in species identification, an outcome that should be taken into consideration primarily once the taxonomical verifications of collected taxa are elusive. This study is the first step in DNA barcoding of the Levant’s little-known benthic deep-sea fauna.
Relationship between marine epilithic diatoms and environmental variables in oligotrophic bay, NE Mediterranean
Authors: HAFNER DUBRAVKA , CAR ANA , JASPRICA NENAD , KAPETANOVIĆ TATJANA , DUPČIĆ RADIĆ IRIS
Published: July 2018

The taxonomic composition and structure of a marine epilithic diatom community were sampled from the bottom of the two sites at monthly intervals from January to December 2011 in the small semi-enclosed oligotrophic Neum Bay in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Middle Adriatic). Altogether, 264 diatom taxa (species and infraspecific taxa) within 69 genera were identified. Among them, 149 and 203 taxa occurred in samples from the shallow (0.5 m depth) and deep (8 m depth) sites, respectively. The monthly distribution of most of the diatoms was irregular and high numbers of sporadic taxa were found. SIMPER analysis indicated that the difference between shallow and deep sites could be largely attributed to the frequently recorded diatom taxa and those with high percentage abundances. They were Halamphora coffeiformis, Caloneis excentrica, Cocconeis scutellum var. scutellum, Licmophora flabellata, Licmophora gracilis, Licmophora sp., Navicula abunda, Rhabdonema adriaticum, and Striatella unipunctata. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that temperature, oxygen saturation (O2/O2′), silicate concentration (SiO4), and salinity were the most important factors influencing diatom community structure in the bay.
Hazeus ingressus sp. nov. a new goby species (Perciformes: Gobiidae) and a new invasion in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: ENGIN SEMIH , LARSON HELEN , IRMAK ERHAN
Published: July 2018

A new species of gobiid, Hazeus ingressus sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the Levantine coast of Turkey. The species probably originates from the Red Sea and represents the 11th alien gobiid species in the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is distinguished from its Indo-Pacific congeners by a combination of the following characters: no dark blotch on the first dorsal fin; caudal fin coloration; scales in lateral series 25-28 (modally 27); second dorsal fin rays I,8; anal fin rays I,8-9; predorsal scales ctenoid 7; short, stout gill rakers 2+8. This finding suggests that the Lessepsian invasion intensely continues with the inclusion of the known species as well as undescribed species.
A new grid-net design to eliminate by-catch for the veined rapa whelk beam trawl fisheries in the south-eastern Black Sea
Authors: ERYAŞAR AHMET RAIF
Published: July 2018

The beam trawl fisheries in the Black Sea only target the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) individuals, and other species like fishes and crabs are thrown back into the sea dead or alive. Furthermore, small bivalves and crabs are packed with the target species without any elimination. In this study, a grid-net design (GND) with two different bar spacing was tested to reduce the by-catch. In total 30 hauls (15 hauls for each bar spacing) were carried out in the south-eastern Black Sea between 17 and 26 August 2017. A commercial diamond mesh and one of the grid-net beam trawls were towed simultaneously onboard a commercial vessel to compare the by-catch compositions. Results showed that there were statistically significant (p<0.01) 78% and 83% decreases in the mean weight of the by-catch for 20 and 30 mm grid-nets, respectively. When compared to the conventional gear, a commercial loss of 14% in the 20 mm GND, and 39% in the 30 mm GND in landing values were estimated. In conclusion, use of grid-nets in south-eastern Black Sea beam trawl fisheries can significantly reduce the by-catch of most benthic species. However, it also causes some commercial loss which might be compensated by providing some compensation to fishers such as extension of the fishing season.
Investigation on the genus Squalus in the Sardinian waters (Central-Western Mediterranean) with implications on its management
Authors: BELLODI ANDREA , PORCU CRISTINA , CAU ALESSANDRO , MARONGIU MARTINA FRANCESCA , MELIS RICCARDO , MULAS ANTONELLO , PESCI PAOLA , FOLLESA MARIA CRISTINA , CANNAS RITA
Published: July 2018

In the Mediterranean Sea, in addition to the two historically known species belonging to the Squalus genus, a third species, Squalus megalops, has been reported. Considering the high level of morphologic similarity of this species with the native species S. blainville, this study aims to evaluate the Central-Western Mediterranean spurdog population in order to test the hypothesis of the presence of two distinct species S. blainville and S. megalops. A total of 137 spurdogs, caught in the Sardinian waters, were analyzed morphologically and genetically after their subdivision into two groups depending on the number of the lateral processes in the chondrocranium basal plate. The CAP analysis, employing all body and chondrocranial measurements, revealed no clear segregation among the a priori assigned groups with a high misclassification percentage. Besides, no evident dissimilarities in teeth and dermal denticle morphology between the two groups were observed. All the 18 specimens which were genetically analyzed, by sequencing of the mtDNA marker COI, clustered together resulting to be S. blainville. All the obtained results indicated the presence, in the study area, of only one species, ascribable to S. blainville.
Isopods of the genus Astacilla (Valvifera, Arcturidae) from the LIFE + INDEMARES project off Alborán Island (S Spain), with the description of a rare species A. carlosoteroi (Reboreda, Wägele & Garmendia, 1994)
Authors: RINCÓN BEATRIZ , ARRANZ SAÚL , JUNOY JUAN
Published: July 2018

Three species of the isopod genus Astacilla were collected off Alborán Island (SW Mediterranean Sea) within the LIFE + INDEMARES project. Twelve specimens of the rare species Astacilla carlosteroi (Reboreda, Wägele & Garmendia, 1994) were found; this species is only known as a single incomplete female from Galicia (NW Spain, Atlantic). Males, reported for the first time, are described, as well as morphological details provided for two additional species, A. dilatata (G.O. Sars, 1883) and A. mediterranea Koehler, 1911.
Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea - I: the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Lebanon
Authors: CROCETTA F. , ZIBROWIUS H. , BITAR G. , TEMPLADO J. , OLIVERIO M.
Published: July 2018

A reviewed knowledge of the opisthobranch species from Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean Sea), based on literature records (scattered throughout various papers published over a period of more than 150 years) and recently collected material (1999-2002 within the CEDRE framework and other samples), is presented, yielding a total number of 35 taxa recorded from the Lebanese shores identified to species level. Special emphasis has mainly been given to the alien species, for which scattered notes are also given. The known opisthobranch biota is composed of 22 native (~ 63%), 12 alien (~ 34%) and one cryptogenic (~ 3%) taxa. Eleven of these (Berthella aurantiaca, B. ocellata, Aplysia fasciata, Felimare picta, Felimida britoi, F. luteorosea, F. purpurea, Phyllidia flava, Dendrodoris grandiflora, D. limbata and Aeolidiella alderi) constitute new records for the Lebanese fauna, whilst the examined material of a further seven species (Elysia grandifolia, Pleurobranchus forskalii, Aplysia dactylomela, Bursatella leachii, Syphonota geographica, Goniobranchus annulatus, Flabellina rubrolineata) anecdotally cited from Lebanon on the basis of the samples here studied, is here first explained. One additional taxon belonging to the genus Haminoea has been identified to genus level only. Despite the searching effort poning the basis of the material analyzed here, data reported clearly suggest that strong investments are still needed for a better understanding of the eastern Mediterranean opisthobranch fauna.
Healthcare choices in Mumbai slums: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Naydenova Elina , Raghu Arvind , Ernst Johanna , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Gandhi Meera , Murphy Georgina
Published: July 2018

Background: Informal urban settlements, known as slums, are the home for a large proportion of the world population. Healthcare in these environments is extremely complex, driven by poverty, environmental challenges, and poor access to formal health infrastructures. This study investigated healthcare challenges faced and choices made by slum dwellers in Mumbai, India.

Methods: Structured interviews with 549 slum dwellers from 13 slum areas in Mumbai, India, were conducted in order to obtain a population profile of health-related socio-economic and lifestyle factors, disease history and healthcare access. Statistical tools such as multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the association between such factors and health choices.

Results: Private providers (or a mixture of public and private) were seen to be preferred by the study population for most health conditions (62% - 90% health consultations), apart from pregnancy (43% health consultations). Community-based services were also preferred to more remote options. Stark differences in healthcare access were observed between well-known conditions, such as minor injuries, pulmonary conditions, and pregnancy and emerging challenges, such as hypertension and diabetes. A number of socio-economic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with health-related decisions, including choice of provider and expenditure.

Conclusions: Better planning and coordination of health services, across public and private providers, is required to address mortality and morbidity in slum communities in India. This study provides insights into the complex landscape of diseases and health providers that slum dwellers navigate when accessing healthcare. Findings suggest that integrated services and public-private partnerships could help address demand for affordable community-based care and progress towards the target of universal health coverage.
H3Africa: crucial importance of knowledge on human demographic history in strategies for data exploitation – an analysis of the Luhya in Webuye, Kenya population from the 1000 Genomes Project
Authors: Kulohoma Benard W.
Published: July 2018

Paucity of data from African populations has restricted understanding of the heritable human genome variation. Although under-represented in human genetic studies, Africa has sizeable genetic, cultural and linguistic diversity. The Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative is aimed at understanding health problems relevant to African populations, and titling the scales of data deficit and lacking expertise in health-related genomics among African scientists. We emphasise that careful consideration of the sampled populations in the H3Africa projects is required to maximise the prospects of identifying and fine-mapping novel risk variants in indigenous populations. H3Africa which considers national and within-continental cohorts must have well thought out documented protocols that carefully consider human demographic history.
EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-0.35C-6.3Cr MARTENSITIC STEEL
Authors: Sehri Masoud , Ghayour Hamid , Amini Kamran , Naseri Masaab , Rastegari Habib , Javaeri Vahid
Published: July 2018

The study is conducted to determine the effect of quenching and tempering processes on microstructural evolutions and abrasive properties of medium carbon-high chromium steel. For this purpose, Austenitizing was performed at the temperatures of 1000 °C for 15 min followed by oil quenching. To determine the optimum tempering temperature, tempering temperatures were selected in the temperature ranges of 350-550°C. The samples cryogenically treated immediately after quenching in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) for 24 hrs. Dry sand/rubber wheel test was used to evaluate the wear resistance properties. Microstructural observation, fractography and retain austenite was evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the best wear resistance can be obtained at the tempering temperature of 500°C, due to the reduction of a tendency to micro-cracking, decrease in internal stresses and improvement of impact energy. Observation of the worn surfaces revealed that the wear mechanisms after tempering at 450°C are a combination of abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear. However, abrasive wear is the only active wear mechanism for specimen tempered at 500°C. In addition, wear resistance of deep cryogenically treated sample was significantly increased (about 25%) by the removal of retained austenite and formation of uniform fine carbides distribution in the matrix.
The Implications of Durability, Resilience and Energy Efficiency on the Advancement of Water Management in Wall Assemblies
Authors: Weston Theresa A.
Published: July 2018

As building, energy, and green codes become more stringent, new building technologies and innovations are being incorporated into the building envelope. When incorporating new technologies into building assemblies, traditional construction practices need to be adapted. However, as these adaptations of construction practices take place, they still need to maintain adherence to basic principles of water management to prevent moisture accumulation in building assemblies. A critical component of water management is water-resistive barriers. Water-resistive barriers are used in light-frame wall assemblies behind the cladding to control the ingress of water, which penetrates the cladding, and keep it from penetrating further into the wall. Traditional water-resistive barriers were asphalt-impregnated papers and felts, which were applied in shingle fashion over the wall studs or sheathing. Plastic building wraps have to a large extent replaced the traditional building papers, comprising 75 % of the U.S. housing market. Recently, new materials being used as water-resistive barriers include panel materials and fluid-applied coatings. Assessing the durability of water-resistive barriers has been complicated by this range of material types. Because of the shingle-fashion installation, durability assessment of traditional materials and building wraps has focused on the material durability. The new materials require additional durability assessments relating to compatibility and durability of adhesion, most importantly at panel and substrate joints. This article describes the framework for evaluating water-resistive barrier durability.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Talus
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Thapa Bishnu Babu , Maharjan Dipendra , Basnet Kumar , Ghimire Prabeen , Karki Sijan
Published: July 2018

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of talus is rare benign, expansile and osteolytic bone growth. Cyst contains bloody fluid lined with variable amount of osteolytic giant cells. This is common in epiphyseal ends of long bone and rare in small bones like talus. Here a 20 years’ male with aneurysmal bone cyst of talus managed with wide intralesional curettage with autologous bone graft mixed with synthetic bone graft been presented.
Pressure responses following the insertion of pro-seal laryngeal mask airway in patients with controlled hypertension: A comparison with tracheal intubation
Authors: Vavadia Drashti , Shah Rupal
Published: July 2018

Aims & Objectives: To compare:1) Hemodynamic responses during insertion of pro-seal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) vs endo-tracheal tubation (ETT) in hypertensive patients under control. 2) The incidence of complications.

Methods: A total of 30 patients aged between 45-60 years of ASA grade II having history of essential hypertension under control, were on oral medication who were posted for abdominal surgeries under GA were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each (One group for PLMA insertion and other for ETT insertion). The two groups were compared for pressor responses following insertion of PLMA or ETT.

Results: After PLMA Insertion, mean pulse increased from 67±7 to 68±5 per minute, Systolic Blood Pressure (BP) increased from 123±1 to 127±5 per mmHg, Diastolic BP increased from 72±8 to 78±7 per mmHg and Mean Artery Pressure (MAP) increased from 89±11 to 94±8 mm Hg. After ETT insertion: Mean pulse increased from 68±2 to 80±8 per minute, Systolic BP increased from 124±1 to 152±8 per mmHg, Diastolic BP increased from 72±8 to 96±8 per mmHg and MAP increased from 89±10 to 115±4 mm Hg.

Conclusion: We concluded that Proseal LMA is safe. It is judged by: Stable hemodynamics, adequate oxygenation, and ventilation and less complications.
Tuberculosis: Diagnosed and Undiagnosed as a Cause of Death
Authors: Gandhi Shivangi , Shah Pinal
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: This study has been conducted to find out the frequency of tuberculosis, histopathological pattern analysis of tuberculosis along with associated non-neoplastic changes and there role in the cause of death.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study is done based on a Histomorphological evaluation of 23 cases diagnosed at Department of Pathology, tertiary care hospital of south Gujarat from January 2017 to December 2017. We received the gross specimen of the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain for post-mortem examination in all autopsy cases. We did gross pathological and histopathological analysis of all the autopsy cases sent for histopathology over a period of one year.

Results: In the present study out of 656 autopsy cases, 23 cases (3.5 %) were of granulomatous inflammation. Mean age of diagnosis was found to be 38 years. Males (65.2%) were more affected than females. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in only 21.7 % of total 23 cases before death. Findings were found in the lung in all cases while spread to the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain was also observed. Zeihl Neelson stain showing the presence of Acid Fast Bacilli confirms the diagnosis of tuberculous inflammation in 91% of cases.

Conclusion: Tuberculosis is not an uncommon finding at autopsy. The lack of diagnosis pre mortem might be attributable to either the presence of social stigma in some parts of the world that dissuades people from seeking timely medical assistance, or non-typical presentations of tuberculosis cases. Indeed, even autopsies potentially have a role in helping improve community health services.
English proficiency level in Colombian undergraduate students of medical programs
Authors: Alonso Julio César , Díaz Diana Margarita , Estrada Daniela , Mueces Brigitte Vanesa
Published: July 2018

Introducción. El gobierno propuso posicionar a Colombia como un destino turístico de salud y bienestar, siendo uno de los objetivos aumentar los niveles de competencia del inglés en los profesionales de la salud. Esto se relaciona con la meta, para 2014, del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) de que 20% de los graduados deberían clasificar en nivel intermedio o superior en inglés.Objetivos. Analizar el cumplimiento de la meta establecida por el MEN para los graduandos de los programas de medicina.Materiales y métodos. Aproximación descriptiva y estadística (pruebas de proporciones paramétricas y no paramétricas) que empleó datos de la prueba Saber Pro (2011-2015) para los programas de medicina de las instituciones de educación superior de carácter académico universitario.Resultados. El porcentaje global de estudiantes que cumplió la meta (28.6%) fue satisfactorio; sin embargo, solo 18 de 43 (37.2%) programas de medicina la cumplieron.Conclusiones. El nivel de inglés de los potenciales graduados de los programas de medicina está alineado con la meta del gobierno. No obstante, hay mucho por mejorar si se tiene en cuenta que cerca del 70% de los futuros graduados de los programas de medicina no alcanza un nivel intermedio o superior en esta competencia.
Biochemical events related to glial response in spinal cord injury
Authors: Lapuente-Chala Catalina , Céspedes-Rubio Angel
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La lesión de la médula espinal (LME) es un evento devastador con implicaciones físicas, psicológicas y socioeconómicas. En el tejido cercano a la lesión se instauran cambios morfofisiológicos que determinan la recuperación funcional del segmento medular y de los órganos efectores dependientes de los tractos axonales lesionados.Objetivo. Describir los eventos bioquímicos secuenciales más relevantes de la respuesta de las células gliales posterior a la LME.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas de los últimos 18 años en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, bajo los términos en inglés spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI pathophysiology, SCI inflammation, microglia in SCI, glial scar y chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG).Resultados. Los procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen después de la LME determinan la recuperación neurológica de los pacientes. La activación de las células gliales juega un papel importante, ya que promueve la producción de moléculas bioactivas y la formación de barreras físicas que inhiben la regeneración neural.Conclusión. El conocimiento de los cambios neurobiológicos ocurridos tras la LME permite una mayor comprensión de la fisiopatología y favorece la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas que limiten la progresión de la lesión primaria y que minimicen el daño secundario responsable de la disfunción neurológica.
After-school leisure time: physical activity and estimated caloric expenditure in schoolchildren from southeast Spain
Authors: Pérez-Soto Juan José , García-Cantó Eliseo , Rosa-Guillamón Andrés , Rodríguez-García Pedro Luis , Moral-García Jose Enrique , López-García Sergio
Published: July 2018

Introducción. Por lo general, el periodo de ocio extraescolar es empleado por los escolares para realizar actividades físicas; sin embargo, se desconoce el nivel de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa intensidad (AFMV) y de gasto calórico registrados en ese periodo.Objetivo. Analizar los niveles de actividad física y gasto energético estimado durante el periodo de ocio extraescolar.Materiales y métodos. Participaron 408 escolares, con un rango de edad entre 11 y 12 años, siendo 205 niñas (11.21±0.41) y 203 niños (11.20±0.40) del sistema educativo español. Se siguió un diseño de tipo descriptivo relacional y de carácter transversal. Los escolares registraron la actividad física con el instrumento Previous Day Physical Activity Recall y su análisis se hizo a través del promedio de minutos realizando AFMV (>3 MET) y el gasto calórico extraído de los niveles de MET.Resultados. Se encontraron medias superiores para los hombres respecto a las mujeres, tanto en los minutos de AFMV (p<0.05) como en el gasto calórico (p<0.001) registrado.Conclusiones. El promedio de minutos de AFMV estimada por los escolares estudiados cumple con los valores diarios recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se debe prestar especial atención al género femenino y a la entrada a la adolescencia.
From animal spirits to scientific revolution in Medicine (first part)
Authors: Barco-Ríos John , Duque-Parra Jorge Eduardo , Barco-Cano Johanna Alexandra
Published: July 2018

Introducción. En el desarrollo de la medicina, a partir del siglo VI a.C., se planteó una idea filosófica para explicar el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso con base en elementos conocidos como espíritus animales, considerados durante muchos siglos como agentes transmisores de las sensaciones y del movimiento. Este concepto filosófico de base especulativa prevaleció hasta el siglo XVII con sutiles modificaciones, pero después fue superado mediante demostración con los avances logrados en neurofisiología.Discusión. Por tradición dogmática se aceptó durante muchos siglos que a través de los nervios se transmitían espíritus animales que controlaban las acciones corporales. A partir de la Revolución científica tales ideas cambiaron por conceptos mejor elaborados con apoyo del método científico.Conclusión. El concepto que se tenía antiguamente sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso cambió de forma radical a partir del siglo XVII con la ampliación del conocimiento de las características morfofisiológicas de los nervios, abriendo nuevas puertas en busca de explicaciones más coherentes y desligadas de cualquier influencia religiosa.
Reference values for spirometric variables for allegedly healthy workers
Authors: Santana-Porbén Sergio , González-Marrero Adamara , Valdivieso-Valdivieso Juan Pablo , Álvarez-Porbén Santiago
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La espirometría permite identificar de forma precoz el deterioro pulmonar en trabajadores expuestos a contaminantes laborales. No se tienen valores de referencia (VR) para variables espirométricas (VE) en trabajadores cubanos (TC).Objetivo. Obtener VR para VE en TC supuestamente sanos.Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo-analítico. Se obtuvo la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1), el cociente VEF1/CVF y la fracción de la espiración forzada al 25-75% de la CVF (FEF25-75) de 1 086 TC supuestamente sanos, no fumadores, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 20 y 65 años y atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de la Salud de los Trabajadores de La Habana, Cuba, entre 2009 y 2015. Los VR se obtuvieron para cada sexo de las funciones de regresión Y=α+β x Edad+χ x Talla+ε (Y=CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75).Resultados. Edades avanzadas se asociaron con CVF y VEF1 disminuidos; la talla elevada se asoció con mayores CVF y VEF1; una FR construida se asoció con la edad, y la talla implicó un coeficiente r2 de determinación superior y un error menor. El comportamiento de la VE predicho con la ecuación desarrollada fue menos sesgado que el observado con otras importadas.Conclusiones. Los VR construidos localmente pueden ser más efectivos en el diagnóstico de las afecciones pulmonares de los TC.