EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF SUBMISSION AND PROCESSING OF PRELIMINARY INFORMATION ABOUT PASSENGERS (API/PNR) AND CARGO (ACIS)
Authors:   Khmelnytsky National University, Ukraine, Nestoryshen Ihor 
Published: March 2023

Subject of study. In today's conditions of increasing levels of international danger, social and political tensions, as well as overcoming the consequences of the COVID-2019 pandemic, approaches to regulating international trade, rules and conditions for crossing state borders by citizens of different countries are undergoing significant transformations. In particular, today it is worth noting two trends that are contradictory to each other, namely, on the one hand, there is an increase in administrative and technical barriers during the crossing of the state border of goods, commercial vehicles, as well as travelers (introduction of non-tariff regulation during customs clearance goods, the presence of so-called “COVID-passports (COVID-19 vaccination record card)” as a condition of entry into the country). On the other hand, in accordance with the recommendations of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Customs Organization (WCO) and other international institutions, further simplification of international trade procedures is foreseen by reducing the share of customs inspections and inspections, acceleration of the time of release of goods, self-imposition by economic operators of customs security, customs clearance of goods and means of transport on the territory of subjects of foreign economic activity or in another place permitted by customs, without the direct participation of customs officials. Similar trends are taking place in the sphere of regulating the rules for crossing the border by citizens and travelers at state checkpoints by various modes of transport. In particular, the number of countries that have visa-free regimes for the movement of citizens is increasing, and the number of countries whose passport allows you to visit countries without additional administrative obstacles is increasing. Methodology. Under such conditions, many countries began to implement measures aimed at ensuring the coordinated and effective activity of national customs and border administrations, state control tools are constantly being improved, namely: in the leading countries of the world, customs and border administrations give up total control over the movement of goods and movement citizens Today, in accordance with international conventions and agreements, risk-oriented tools of state control are becoming more and more widespread, which provide for the possibility of forecasting potential cases of violation of national legislation using a risk analysis system (risks of movement of weapons, narcotic drugs, persons who are on international or national wanted), carrying out analytical and investigative work and detection of cases of violation of national legislation when crossing state borders. Under such conditions, risk targeting tools, which belong to the intelligent mechanisms of border and customs control and allow monitoring and detection of persons who pose a threat to national security and corresponding batches of goods with a high degree of risk, become particularly relevant. The effective functioning of these systems is based on systems for submitting and processing preliminary information about passengers and cargo, which are the information base for risk-oriented tools of border and customs control. The purpose of the study is to systematize the international experience of the system of submission and processing of preliminary information by state bodies on border control of passengers (API/PNR) and cargo (ACIS) in the context of ensuring national security in the field of foreign economic activity. Conclusions. One of the urgent tasks for the domestic system of border and customs control is the establishment of an effective system for submitting and processing preliminary information about passengers and cargo, which will provide opportunities to balance the interests of all participants in the international supply chain and passenger transportation. The implementation of such an approach will allow to expand the use of risk-oriented tools of customs and border control, because, on the one hand, it will ensure minimal interference in the activities of FEZ participants and carriers, and on the other hand, it will minimize external threats to the national security of Ukraine.