bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balanceamento de carga na borda da rede usando blockchain das coisas
Authors: Costa Alexandre , Rocha Atslands , Delicato Flávia , Souza Jose
Published: September 2020

A computação em névoa tem sido usada como infraestrutura de processamento para aplicações IoT, trazendo benefícios como baixa latência para a aplicação. Entretanto, características como o dinamismo, a distribuição e a heterogeneidade dos ambientes de névoa trazem à tona vários desafios no tocante ao gerenciamento dos recursos disponíveis. Nesse contexto, apresentamos um mecanismo para gerenciamento de recursos e balanceamento de carga de forma descentralizada e autônoma. O mecanismo baseia-se no uso associado de blockchain e dos princípios da computação autonômica para lidar com os desafios do gerenciamento na névoa. Os resultados mostram que o mecanismo proporciona uma distribuição da capacidade de processamento na borda, mesmo em caso de falhas.
Geração Semiautomática de Valores de Referência para Identificação de Obstruções em Lingotamento Contínuo
Authors: Ramos Leandro Rodrigues , Komati Karin   Satie , Boldt Francisco   De Assis , Andrade Jefferson   Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Obstruções das válvulas submersas no processo de lingotamento contínuo aumentam a frequência de interrupções na operação. Estas interrupções elevam o custo operacional, e podem provocar uma variedade de problemas de qualidade. A ausência de conjuntos de dados rotulados para as obstruções tem impedido a aplicação de métodos de aprendizado de máquina para predição desta anomalia no processo. Este trabalho buscou desenvolver técnicas semi-automáticas de rotulação de conjuntos de dados de referência. Como primeiro passo, aplicou-se uma técnica de clusterização sobre séries temporais fazendo uso do algoritmo DBSCAN. Os clusters gerados foram usados como sementes para um processo semi-supervisionado de propagação de rótulos. Este processo gerou uma base de dados que foi validada por especialistas e 100% dos dados rotulados como obstruções foram considerados corretamente rotulados.
Pontuações de Rastreamento em Hospitais: Uma Proposta de Avaliação Baseada em Históricos de Contexto
Authors: Albandes Rogério , Machado Roger , Yamin Adenauer
Published: September 2020

Nos medicos a mobilidade faz parte de seu cotidiano, assim, é possível que esses profissionais fiquem períodos de tempo sem contato com as equipes que lhes dao suporte no tratamento dos pacientes. Longos lapsos de tempo entre comunicaçöes podem provocar retardos na realização de procedi- mentos, na prescrição de drogas, etc. Com base nesse cenário, este trabalho tem por objetivo a concepção de uma proposta que integra: (i) uma plataforma para aquisição de sinais vitais; (ii) um ambiente para processamento contextual, que atraves de regras personalizáveis faça a inferência da situação dos pacientes; e (iii) uma interface de visualização textual e gráfica desses sinais, que possa ser acessada pela IoT. Como fonte de sinais vitais, esta sendo utilizada a base de dados MIMIC-III, amplamente aceita pela comunidade internacional para esse fim. Por sua vez, uma avaliação preliminar da proposta junto a profissionais de saude, empregando entrevistas, obteve retorno positivo, apontando para continuidade da pesquisa.
Designing Socially-Aware Persuasive Systems: a Proposed Framework
Authors: Espinoza Geovanna Evelyn Taype , Baranauskas Maria Cecilia Calani
Published: September 2020

Every designer wants their computer systems design to be used by their target audiences. However, the lack of formal support from the persuasive design approaches often leads their projects to fail. In this work we propose a framework with methods, artifacts, tools and steps as a guide to design persua-sive technologies, drawing on the socially- aware design perspective. A case study briefly presented illustrates the use of the framework. Results suggest potential benefits of the proposed framework.
Uso da Netnografia para a Geração de Personas e Requisitos para Sistemas com foco em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Marques Anna Beatriz , Aires Gabriel
Published: September 2020

As fases iniciais do desenvolvimento de software requerem um bom entendimento do público-alvo e suas necessidades. Os métodos convencionais utilizados para alcançar tais objetivos têm um alto custo e os pesquisadores estão sujeitos ao interesse de participação do público-alvo. Este artigo relata a aplicação da netnografia, uma etnografia realizada online, que tem um custo reduzido quando comparada à etnografia convencional e possibilita o alcance de um público-alvo disperso, como é o caso das pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A netnografia foi aplicada na rede social Instagram para delinear personas de usuários afetados pelo TEA e elicitar requisitos a partir destas personas. Com este relato, espera-se encorajar a adoção de netnografia no desenvolvimento de software devido ao alcance do público-alvo e variedade de dados possíveis de serem obtidos. Como pesquisas futuras, pretende-se investigar o ponto de vista da equipe de desenvolvimento de software sobre o impacto da netnografia.
Projetando a Usabilidade e a Experiência do Usuário com a Técnica UXUG-AP: um Estudo Exploratório
Authors: Sousa Aline , Valentim Natasha
Published: September 2020

Be different and distinguish itself among the technologies is intrinsic to the current agile software development. However, we still found usability and user experience (UX) defects generated by the development process, making the quality and user satisfaction unsatisfactory. Therefore, this paper presents a technique that supports the usability and UX design in agile projects, called User Experience and Usability Guidelines for Agile Project (UXUG-AP). Besides, this paper presents a qualitative analysis and user perception analysis obtained through an exploratory study about the UXUG-AP technique. The results show that the technique is considered easy to use and useful.
Guidelines para Engenharia de um Brinquedo Robô Personalizado para Reabilitação de Pessoa com Deficiência
Authors: Boechat Jonas , Magalhães Fernando , Dantas Otávio , Borges Luciana , De Faria Elmo , Nunes Eunice
Published: September 2020

This article presents recommendations on the principles of software development and design for an inclusive robot toy, using engineering tools and practices that assist in the development of a robot, focusing on the rehabilitation of children with disabilities. Such recommendations come from the experience acquired during three years of research in the FATA project. The robot was custom built to meet the needs of three children with cerebral palsy, and was designed in participatory design sessions.
Avaliando um Jogo Educacional para o Ensino de Inteligência Artificial - Qual Metodologia para Avaliação Escolher?
Authors: Lima Thamyla , Barradas Filho Alex , Barros Allan K. , Viana Davi , Bottentuit Junior João  B. , Rivero Luis
Published: September 2020

Jogos sérios representam uma estratégia de ensino que permitem agregar o entretenimento com elementos educacionais. Para avaliar o impacto que os jogos sérios exercem nos alunos de computação, a literatura disponibiliza uma variedade de métodos avaliativos. Neste trabalho, uma análise comparativa entre métodos de avaliação foi realizada identificando tendências, pontos positivos e negativos, bem como aspectos a serem melhorados. Posteriormente, três métodos de avaliação foram selecionados e aplicados em alunos da UFMA para avaliar um jogo para ensino de inteligência artificial. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados, analisados e discutidos conforme as dimensões abordadas por cada método.
Ensino de Lógica e Programação no Ensino Médio por meio de uma Abordagem Lúdica e Gamificada
Authors: Arimoto Maurício M. , Cruz José Henrique R.
Published: September 2020

Nesse trabalho é apresentado um relato de experiência da aplicação de uma abordagem lúdica e gamificada, voltada para a introdução de lógica e programação de computadores em uma escola da rede pública de ensino. A aplicação ocorreu por meio oficinas de programação, realizadas no contraturnodo perı́odo de ensino regular e envolvendo a participação de 32 alunos do ensino
Um levantamento de práticas e ferramentas usadas para aumentar o nível de Cultura Digital nas escolas
Authors: Gomes Gilvaneide Francisca , De Souza Ricardo André Cavalcante
Published: September 2020

A Cultura Digital envolve a transformação das relações sociais, educacionais e de trabalho por meio das tecnologias digitais. A Cultura Digital de uma escola é determinante para capacitar os estudantes com as habilidades necessárias para enfrentar os desafios do aprendizado e trabalho do século XXI. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento de práticas e ferramentas que podem ser usadas para aumentar o nível de Cultura Digital nas escolas, a partir de um mapeamento sistemático da literatura.
Maria Bonita nas Ciências :: um projeto para divulgar Ciências às meninas de escolas públicas
Authors: Campos Glaucia M. M. , De Melo Ana  Cecília M.
Published: September 2020

A representação desigual das mulheres nas áreas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Engenharia continua sendo um desafio. O potencial inexplorado de mulheres brilhantes começa na infância e continua nas universidades. No ambiente de trabalho, as mulheres sofrem com a competição, salários mais baixos e assédio sexual. Portanto, ampliar a participação de mulheres nas ciências deve ser uma preocupação constante. O projeto Maria Bonita nas Ciências objetiva despertar o interesse das meninas estudantes de ensino médio para as ciências, em especial, os cursos de tecnologia. O público-alvo está nas meninas de escolas públicas da zona norte de Natal/RN. As ações do projeto consistem em minicursos, oficinas e palestras com profissionais da área.
Meninas em Ação: Atividades Inspiradoras para Projetos Parceiros do Programa Meninas Digitais
Authors: Frigo Luciana Bolan , Moro Francielli  Freitas , Padilha Rafaela Oliveira , Pozzebon Eliane
Published: September 2020

Este artigo é um relato de experiência de um projeto parceiro do Programa Meninas Digitais que vem sendo executado desde 2012. O objetivo deste artigo é auxiliar projetos iniciantes no desenvolvimento de suas atividades, levando em consideração as experiências e melhorias realizadas. São descritas atividades, o público-alvo e as adaptações conforme os resultados obtidos. Pretende-se, desta forma, disseminar ações que encorajem meninas a seguirem carreira nas áreas de engenharias e tecnologias.
Uma Análise da Participação das Mulheres nos Cursos Técnico em Informática e Ciência da Computação do Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Pereira Julie Silva , De Moura Luiza Rosa , Coelho Nurian  Maria Amâncio , Montes Gabriela Cardoso , Magesti Ivy Oliveira , Coelho Alessandra Martins
Published: September 2020

Nesta pesquisa, verificamos em nível local a questão de gênero na área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e também em situações específicas de cada grupo no ambiente acadêmico. Assim, usamos uma combinação de métodos exploratórios e quantitativos. Concluímos que, embora muitas mulheres que iniciam um curso técnico tenham afinidades com o curso, poucas desejam ingressar em um curso de graduação na mesma área. Além disso, nos cursos de graduação, há uma grande porcentagem de abandono. Muitos fatores, como estímulos ambientais, timidez, instabilidade emocional e insegurança, geralmente dão a sensação de que tudo é demais para elas, contribuindo para resultar em um número reduzido de mulheres estudando Ciência da Computação.
ForGirls: incentivando meninas para a área de exatas através da metodologia STEM
Authors: Sousa Ialy C. , Teixeira Lílian H. , Souza Jerry A. , Silva Moacy P. , Guimarães Mary Karlla A. , Passos Iana Daya C. F.
Published: September 2020

O incentivo à participação feminina na área da STEM vem crescendo, porém ainda é modesta. Desse modo, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o projeto que destina-se à despertar o interesse vocacional e promover o acesso de estudantes do sexo feminino do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas à metodologia STEM. O método adotado envolveu um estudo de campo, onde são ministradas aulas expositivas com a realização de experimentos que estimulam o aprendizado e a fixação do conteúdo, trazendo uma integração e desenvolvimento maior para as meninas nos seus primeiros anos escolares.
Heroínas Digitais: Um relato de experiência com meninas do ensino fundamental
Authors: Lopes Emely V. V. Albernaz , Odakura Valguima V. Viana Aguiar
Published: September 2020

Neste trabalho é relatado a experiência das oficinas realizadas no ano de 2019 para meninas do ensino fundamental, cujo o objetivo foi abordar a representação de mulheres na área da ciência, principalmente da tecnologia, e conceitos que permitem a reflexão da equidade de gênero na sociedade. Haja vista que, há necessidade de muitas iniciativas que descaracterizem a desigualdade de gênero, dado que é um dos objetivos da ONU a ser cumprido até 2030, o projeto Heroínas Digitais promoveu ações coordenadas com oficinas de ensino à utilização de ferramentas Web 2.0 e programação em blocos, a fim de incentivar diálogos e reflexões, exercitando o pensamento crítico.
Um Estudo sobre as Dificuldades de Inserção de Meninas na Computação
Authors: De Deus Sarah Barbosa , Freire Steffany   Caroline Carvalho , De Farias Carina Machado
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa científica realizada com estudantes concluintes do ensino médio que buscou entender as razões que levam meninas a não escolherem cursos superiores na área de computação. O estudo apontou que os meninos levam vantagem em conhecimentos básicos sobre computação e sugere que a origem do desinteresse feminino pela área pode estar associada, entre outros fatores, à falta de estímulos oriundos da família e da escola.
Utilizando Oficinas Educacionais de Empoderamento Feminino para Inclusão Digital e Social de Estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Lima Maria Roselene A. , Matos Geisiane S. , Silva Sara M. , Araújo Fabíola Pantoja O. , Pires Yomara Pinheiro
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o uso de tecnologias da informação e comunicação como um meio de empoderamento feminino, para despertar, em meninas do ensino médio, o desejo de conhecer mais sobre áreas da computação. A avaliação foi realizada de dados extraídos de questionários, aplicados durante a execução das oficinas. Como resultado foi identificado a satisfação das alunas participantes e o desejo de aprender mais sobre computação e suas tecnologias, com nível de aceitação em 85%.
Transparenz als Forderung und Befürchtung: Vorschlag einer öffentlichkeitstheoretischen Klammer für Diskussionen um Datenschutz und Offenheit
Authors: Wendelin Manuel
Published: September 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird vorgeschlagen, die Kategorie der Transparenz als theoretische Klammer für Diskussionen um Fragen des Datenschutzes und Forderungen nach mehr Offenheit, insbesondere von Politik, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft, zu nutzen. Begründet wird dieser Vorschlag öffentlichkeitstheoretisch. Die klassischen Gegenbegriffe zur Öffentlichkeit, die Privatheit und das Geheime, strukturieren die Diskussion aktueller Problembereiche im Internet. Gemeint sind beispielsweise die Praxis von Plattformbetreibern im Umgang mit Nutzerdaten auf der einen und die Aktivitäten von Whistleblowern auf der anderen Seite. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass mit solchen Themenbereichen auf je unterschiedliche Weise Fragen zum rechtlichen Umgang mit erhöhten Transparenzpotentialen durch die technischen Möglichkeiten im Internet angesprochen werden.
Systemwechsel – Vom Gebot des Verblassens zum Gebot der Interaktion. Kunstspezifische Betrachtung des Bearbeitungsrechts nach den Urteilen von EuGH (C-476/17) und BGH (I ZR 115/16) in Sachen Metall auf Metall
Authors: Döhl Frédéric
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Folgen der jüngsten Metall-auf-Metall-Urteile von EuGH und BGH für das deutschen Bearbeitungsrecht aus Sicht der künstlerischen Praxis. In Auseinandersetzung mit Begriff und Maxime der kunstspezifischen Betrachtung, die das BVerfG 2016 in gleicher Sache prägte, sucht der Beitrag vor allem zu verdeutlichen, dass diese Rechtsprechung aus Perspektive besagter künstlerischen Praxis nichts weniger darstellt als einen Systemwechsel: vom Gebot des Verblassens zum Gebot der Interaktion - was künstlerisch etwas substantiell anderes darstellt. Dieser Systemwechsel hat Konsequenzen für den Blick des Urheberrechts auf das Gros der zahlreichen wissentlich und willentlich bearbeitenden Praktiken in den Künsten, aber darüber hinaus auch auf die Bereiche zufälliger und unbewusster Ähnlichkeiten, die das Urheberrecht oberhalb der sehr niedrig angesetzten Schöpfungshöhe regelmäßig unterschiedslos ebenfalls als Bearbeitungen wertet und behandelt. In diesem Zusammenhang sucht der Beitrag dem Gebot kunstspezifischen Betrachtung, das im besagten Urteil des BVerfG, obwohl schon im Urteilstenor zentral positioniert, wenig konturiert blieb, Prägnanz zu verleihen und als methodisches Mittel zu entwickeln dahingehend, tatsächlich substantiellen interdisziplinären Dialog zu jenen Fragen herzustellen, die besagter Systemwechsel nun aufwirft. Der Beitrag unternimmt dies exemplarisch anhand des vom BVerfG verwendeten Begriffs der Genrespezifik, indem er vorführt, was dieser nach sich zieht, wenn man ihn ernst nimmt und sich ihm unter Rekurs auf Genretheorie und -empirie in Ästhetik und den Künsten gewidmeten Geisteswissenschaften annähert.
Clinical Applications of Strain Imaging in Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: E. Salcedo Ernesto , A. Gill Edward
Published: September 2020

The prevalence of aortic valve disease, particularly aortic stenosis, is increasing in parallel to the aging of the population, making it the most prevalent form of valvular heart disease. Surgery and percutaneous interventions of the aortic valve are conditional to a comprehensive evaluation of the aortic valve and the left ventricle (LV). Favorable results from aortic valve surgery or intervention are influenced by LV ejection fraction (EF), presence and severity of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), degree of leaflet calcification, and trans-aortic valve gradients. Deformation imaging, particularly global longitudinal strain, is evolving as a powerful tool in the evaluation of ventricular function in patients with aortic stenosis. GLS is particularly suited to detect subclinical LV dysfunction, before a drop in LV ejection fraction, providing the opportunity to intervene earlier to prevent serious and permanent LV dysfunction. Similar added value has been demonstrated in the application of GLS in the detection of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with aortic regurgitation. Very little information exists in the use of GLS in patients with mixed aortic valve disease, providing an opportunity for future research in this important group of patients with aortic valve disease.
Gallstones Ileus
Authors: Petracca Giovanni , Zappia Francesco , Silvaggio Fabrizio
Published: September 2020

The ileus of gallstones is a rare complication of cholelithiasis which occurs in less than 1% of patients and is the cause of 1–4% of cases of obstruction of the small intestine. The pathogenesis involves the formation of a bilioenteric fistula. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) shows pneumobilia, dilated loops of small intestine, and ectopic gallstones that obstruct the intestinal lumen. In literature, enterolithotomy is the most frequently used procedure for the ileum of gallstones. Enterolithotomy plus cholecystectomy and/or fistulectomy are indicated only in selected patients. The clinical signs and symptoms depend on the site of the obstruction and usually include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The diagnostic test of choice is an abdominal CT scan.
On the Value of Conducting and Communicating Counterfactual Exercise: Lessons from Epidemiology and Climate Science
Authors: Yohe Gary
Published: September 2020

Modeling is a critical part of crafting adaptive and mitigative responses to existential threats like the COVID-19 coronavirus and climate change. The United Nations, in its efforts to promote 17 Sustainable Development Goals, has recognized both sources of risk as cross-cutting themes in part because both expose the wide list of social and economic challenges facing the globe. Here, evidence is presented to encourage the research communities of both topics to work together within and across the boundaries of their international infrastructures, because their modeling approaches, their social objectives, and their desire effectively to bring rigorous science to opinion writers and decision-makers are so similar. Casting decision analysis in terms of tolerable risk, conducting policy relevant counterfactual experiments, participating in organized model comparison exercises, and other research strategies are all part of their common scientific toolsets. These communities also share a responsibility to continue to hone their communication skills so that their insights are more easily understood by the public at large—skills that are also essential to protect their science from attack by groups and individuals who purposefully espouse their own misguided or deliberately misstated perspectives and/or, sometimes, their own corrupted personal agendas.
Opportunities and Obstacles in the Global Tourism Industry: A Story of Post-Covid-19
Authors: Abdul Rehman Khan Syed , Razzak Janjua Laeeq , Yu Zhang
Published: September 2020

The rapid spread of Covid-19 has had far-reaching consequences for people’s daily lives in almost all parts of the world. Furthermore, it creates a negative impact on trade and economic activities, which further has spillover social problems, including unemployment and poverty. Moreover, in the tourism sector, millions of people lost their jobs, and hundreds of airlines are nearly bankrupt. This chapter is intended to investigate the link between the outbreak of Covid-19 and its effect on the tourism sector. The discussion reveals that due to the Covid-19, tourism sector declined sharply, but it provides an opportunity to transform our polluted world into a green one, which will have a significant and positive impact on global tourism in upcoming years. Finally, the chapter provides practical implications and recommendations, which will help policymakers to formulate an eco-friendly mechanism in the tourism sector.
Graphene-Based Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Pandya Ankur , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil
Published: September 2020

Graphene is an ideal 2D material that breaks the fundamental properties of size and speed limits by photonics and electronics, respectively. Graphene is also an ideal material for bridging electronic and photonic devices. Graphene offers several functions of modulation, emission, signal transmission, and detection of wideband and short band infrared frequency spectrum. Graphene has improved human life in multiple ways of low-cost display devices and touchscreen structures, energy harvesting devices (solar cells), optical communication components (modulator, polarizer, detector, laser generation). There is numerous literature is available on graphene synthesis, properties, devices, and applications. However, the main interest among the scientist, researchers, and students to start with the numerical and computational process for the graphene-based nanophotonic devices. This chapter also includes the examples of graphene applications in optoelectronics devices, P-N junction diodes, photodiode structure which are fundamental devices for the solar cell and the optical modulation.
Influence of long-term fasting and intermittent fasting on the cognitive abilities
Authors: Crhová Marie , Kapounková Kateřina
Published: September 2020

Fasting as skipping or abstaining from eating or drinking for a certain time is known mainly due to religion. In addition to religious reasons, we can also fast for weight loss or detoxication. We have decided to examine the impact of fasting on the human organism more closely, especially on the cognitive functions, such as short-term memory, attention, concentration, language skills, abstract reasoning, etc. The research completed 16 participants (M+F; 25.8y±2.7; 179.5cm±11.6; 74.6kg±15.1). There were divided into 2 groups (long-term fasting (LTF) and intermittent fasting (IF)). For measurement cognitive function we used Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which was completed by all participants in the study before and after the fasting period. The research completed 16 participants. The total score of MoCA decreased in both group after the fasting period, more in the IF group (-1.1 points), but not statistically significant. Values for short-term memory evaluation decreased in both groups, also in the IF group more (-0.9 points), there was a large effect size. Verbal production values decreased in both group and these changes were statistically significant with small effect size. Our results suggest that long-term fasting and intermittent fasting may reduce genitive abilities. Especially short-term memory can be influenced by intermittent fasting. Both fasting methods decreased the level of verbal production.
Czech adaptation of the Brunel Mood States for adolescent athletes
Authors: Květon Petr , Jelínek Martin , Burešová Iva , Bartošová Kateřina
Published: September 2020

The Brunel Mood States is a 24-items long questionnaire (formerly referred to as the Profile of Mood States for Adolescents POMS-A) used to capture emotional profile of an individual. It has been used in various settings including sport psychology, where it is considered a valid indicator for overtraining syndrome. The aim of this study was to develop the Czech adaptation of BRUMS and verify its psychometric properties in adolescent athletes. The data were collected from a sample of 246 participant (50.8% females; age range 14-19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate original six-dimensional structure (with factors of Depression, Tension, Confusion, Anger, Fatigue, and Vigor). Even though this model showed acceptable fit to the data, Depression and Tension factors were empirically indistinguishable. Therefore, we proposed and verified alternative five-factor model with these two factors collapsed. Measurement invariance across gender was assessed using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. Although three items showed signs of differential item functioning, the Czech adaptation of the instrument can in general be considered a measurement invariant.
Endogenous relationship of accident occurrence with speed, traffic heterogeneity and driving environment on inter-urban roads in Indonesia
Authors: Leni Siregar , Tjahjono Tri , Nahry N
Published: September 2020

Speed performances and characteristics of traffic have mostly been considered as homogeneous across vehicles. In countries where the roads are dominated by mixed types of vehicles, the heterogeneity needs to be considered. This study is aimed at modeling how traffic heterogeneity as captured in speed, speed deviation, and traffic volume determines the fatality rates and accident rates. Traffic volume, road geometry (bendiness, hilliness, bend density and hill density) and road surface condition (represented by IRI) become the independent variables in a simultaneous regression using structural equation model (SEM). SEM is adopted to represent the hierarchical causal effects between the independent variables and dependent variables. The data cover inter-urban roads in eight provinces in Indonesia from 2012-2016 and 2019. Speed is not significant in predicting accident rate, and speed deviation is not significant in predicting fatality rate. An increase in speed deviation lowers the accident rates; an increase in speed increases fatality rates. Road geometry and traffic volume negatively impact the speed deviations of all vehicle categories, indicating that when there is more traffic on the road, the speeds of all vehicle categories become more homogenous. Bend density, bendiness, hill density and hilliness negatively affect both the speed and the speed deviations of the vehicles of all categories The findings of the study can contribute to traffic policing and traffic safety improvement schemes for heterogeneous traffic.
¿Navegando contra la corriente?: transición educativo-laboral de jóvenes egresados de la educación secundaria técnico profesional en Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda Valenzuela Leandro , Valdebenito Infante María José
Published: September 2020

La educación media técnico profesional (EMTP) representa un componente central de la oferta formativa de la educación secundaria en Chile, cubriendo un porcentaje cercano al 40% de los estudiantes de los dos últimos grados de enseñanza obligatoria, fundamentalmente aquellos que provienen de los sectores más pobres de la socidad. Tal relevancia, sin embargo, no ha tenido un correlato en el desarrollo de políticas tendientes a fortalecer su modelo formativo o articularse con las necesidades productivas del país. Los antecedentes muestran que los egresdados de la EMTP presentan recorridos hetrogéneos y especialmente complejos. Factores estructurales vinculados a los altos grados de vulnerabilidad social e incongruencias institucionales presentes en las políticas educativo-laborales, forman parte del diagnóstico de esta situación. En este marco, el artículo aborda las tensiones y el tipo de recursos que manejan los jóvenes una vez que egresan de la EMTP para hacer frente a su futuro inmediato. A partir de un análisis quer combina aportes de la perspectiva de curso de vida y la sociología de la experiencia (enfatizando el análisis de puntos de quiebre y pruebas estructurales), se revisan las decisiones, apoyos, dificultades y desafíos implicados en las transiciones educativo-laborales que estos jóvenes experimentan. Se profundiza en el efecto de las condciones estructurales y en las formas en las que estos jóvenes despliegan acciones personales en un contexto altamente individualizado y con débiles soportes institucionales como ocurre en el caso chileno.
Entender las experiencias de transición educativa
Authors: Tarabini Aina
Published: September 2020

En esta introducción se explican los objetivos y aportaciones del monográfico al estudio de las elecciones y  transiciones educativas de los y las jóvenes. A partir de una mirada transversal a los seis artículos que componen el monográfico, la introducción identifica el valor añadido de esta publicación al estudio de las transiciones educativas y propone una mirada relacional entre estructuras, instituciones y experiencias para una comprensión profunda de los procesos de elección y transición educativa de los y las jóvenes.
Pumping and injection of surplus desalinated seawater as part of the new management of the groundwater resources in Israel
Authors: Guttman Joseph
Published: September 2020

For many years, groundwater was the main water resource in Israel. Relying for years on the storage of the aquifers dropped their water level close to their red lines and exposed the aquifers to salinization hazards. Climate change effect is expected to lead to additional reduction of about 2% per year in the rainfall leading to long term reduction in the aquifers recharge. Those conditions brought the Government of Israel to produce desalinated seawater as a new artificially water resources reducing the groundwater pumping and rehabilitating the aquifers storage. During low demand periods there is a surplus of high-quality desalinated seawater for hours or days that can be temporary injected and stored in the aquifers and later pumped during high demand period. Basically, artificial recharge is done in many ways and techniques. The most common ways are injection in infiltration ponds or through injection wells. This paper is focused on activities that were done in injection wells. The main outcome from the pilots was that the new design and construction of the injection wells reduced dramatically the well loss and improved the specific capacity (hourly discharge versus the dynamic drawdown) during the injection. Proper Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) should combine infiltration ponds with injection wells for injecting the surplus water together with batteries of pumping wells for pumping the injected water in short time during high demand periods.
[IAH continues the on-line activities]
Authors: Ducci Daniela , Rusi Sergio
Published: September 2020

[Paper in Italian]

Continuano le iniziative on-line di IAH

Nella rubrica dello scorso dicembre vi avevamo riferito del convegno “Gestione delle risorse idriche”, tenutosi dal 2 al 5 ottobre 2019 a Forte dei Marmi, e poi proseguito a Viareggio, promosso dal Comune, dall’Università di Pisa, dalla Scuola Sant’Anna e dall’IGG/CNR di Pisa. L’evento, di cui in questo volume ci sono alcuni contributi illustrati in forma di articoli, era stato organizzato anche dai nostri soci Re e Rossetto. Tra gli speaker, anche altri soci di IAH Italy: Doveri, Ducci, Menichini, Petitta, Piccinini, Sapiano.
Juvenile Osteoid Osteoma of the Distal Phalanx of the Second Digit
Authors: Hood Christopher R. , Jackson Wesley A. , O'Hara-Jackson Katlin A.
Published: September 2020

Osteoid osteomas account for approximately 3% to 10% of primary bone tumors and are found most commonly in the cortical, diaphyseal regions of long tubular bones. These osteoblastic, benign tumors are usually seen in males, in the second to third decade, most often in the long bones of the lower extremity. The literature describes the limited encounters with osteoid osteomas of the pedal digital phalanx, especially in the pediatric population. Here, a case report details a juvenile patient with an osteoid osteoma tumor of the distal phalanx in the right second digit that was treated with complete distal phalanx excision in toto, eliminating the patient's pain and symptoms quickly after surgery. Further the literature is reviewed for other examples of this pathology in the similar clinical setting.
Primary Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Foot
Authors: Henning Jordan , Rasor Zachary , Brown Andrew , Blanchard Anthony , Hall Bryan
Published: September 2020

Malignant transformation of wounds is a rare complication that if missed can lead to loss of life or limb. This case report presents a rare invasive variant of squamous cell carcinoma presenting in the setting of a chronic wound complicated by osteomyelitis. This aggressive form of squamous cell carcinoma has a high growth rate and a high propensity for metastasis and recurrence. Early intervention greatly decreases the risk of metastasis and recurrence. We present the systematic evaluation and surgical management of an aggressive primary tumor occurring in the forefoot.
The Evaluation of Radiologic Angular Measurements in Patients with Foot Pain
Authors: Deniz Gulnihal , Kaya Arzu , Ercan Zubeyde , Kavakli Ahmet , Ogeturk Murat
Published: September 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foot deformities by comparing foot radiographs of patients with complaints of foot pain with those of healthy individuals.

Methods

The study included 30 patients with pes cavus, 30 patients with pes planus, 30 patients with calcaneal spur, and 30 controls aged 30 to 60 years. All participants underwent measurement of right and left foot length; metatarsophalangeal width; and calcaneal pitch (CA), talohorizontal (TA), talometatarsal (TM), and lateral talocalcaneal (LTC) angles from lateral radiographs.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between all participants regarding sex, age, weight, and body mass index (P > .05). Among patients with clinically diagnosed pes cavus, the diagnostic rate of CA was 100% in both feet, and 83.3% in the right foot and 96.7% in the left foot according to the TM angle. The diagnostic rates of angular measurements in patients with pes planus were as follows: 20% in the right foot and 30% in the left foot depending on the CA angle, 100% in both feet depending on the TM angle, and 66.7% in the right foot and 46.7% in the left foot depending on the LTC angle. A very strong positive correlation was found between the CA and LTC angles in patients with calcaneal spur and pes planus (P < .001); also, statistically significant positive correlation was found between the CA and TA angles (P < .05). The angular measurements in patients with calcaneal spur were found to be consistent with pes planus with a high rate.

Conclusions

Angular changes caused by deterioration of foot biomechanics lead to various deformities. Pes planus ranks first among these. Therefore, we believe that radiographic angular measurements in patients presenting with foot pain in addition to clinical evaluation would be useful in considering associated deformities and planning treatments.
Surgical Treatment Approach for Pilon and Talar Dome Fracture
Authors: Park Jin , Lee Hyo Beom , Kim Gab Lae , Yang Kyu Hyun
Published: September 2020

Talar injuries that are associated with pilon fractures include talar body fractures, osteochondral defects, and posterior process talar fractures. Pilon fractures, in combination with talar dome fractures, have not yet been reported in the scientific literature. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who sustained a pilon fracture with a lateral talar dome fracture. The pilon fracture was initially fixed using a temporary external fixator for soft-tissue care. After the swelling subsided, definitive internal fixation was performed. First, the lateral talar dome fracture was directly reduced and fixed using a small anterolateral approach of the ankle. Then, the intra-articular portion of the pilon fracture was directly reduced using the same anterolateral approach and an additional small anteromedial approach, and the extra-articular metaphyseal portion of the pilon fracture was indirectly reduced. The pilon fracture was finally fixed with an anterolateral distal tibia plate, using a submuscular plating technique through the anterolateral approach and a separate proximal skin incision. A medial distal tibia plate was later added using a subcutaneous plating technique through the anteromedial approach and another proximal skin incision. Both the pilon fracture and the lateral talar dome fracture were addressed simultaneously through a combination of the small anterolateral and anteromedial approaches.
Genetic identification and hybridization in the seagrass genusHalophila(Hydrocharitaceae) in Sri Lankan waters
Authors: Liu Shang Yin Vanson , Kumara Terney Pradeep , Hsu Chi-Hsuan
Published: September 2020

Seagrasses, as marine angiosperms, play important roles in coastal ecosystems. With increasing anthropogenic impacts, they are facing dramatic declines on a global scale.Halophilais well-known as a complex taxonomic challenge mainly due to high morphological plasticity. By using only a morphological approach, the genus could be over-split or similar species could be erroneously lumped, thus masking its true biodiversity. In the present study, we incorporated genetic identification with morphological examination to reveal the identity ofHalophilaplants in southern and northwestern Sri Lankan waters. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and chloroplast ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL) were used to identify plants collected from the Gulf of Mannar, Puttalam Lagoon, and Matara, Sri Lanka. Based on genetic identification,H. major(Zoll.) Miquel is reported for the first time from Sri Lanka, which might have been misidentified asH. ovalisin previous literature based on morphology alone. We also observed a first hybridization case ofHalophilacross betweenH. ovalisandH. major. Two potential cryptic species were found, herein designatedHalophilasp. 1 (allied to H. minor) andHalophilasp. 2 (closely related toH. decipiens). In order to clarify taxonomic ambiguity caused by morphological plasticity and the low resolution of genetic markers, further comparative phylogenomic approaches might be needed to solve species boundary issues in this genus.
Public Accounting Firm Switching: Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: . Mukhtaruddin , Saftiana Yulia , . Tiara
Published: September 2020

Public Accounting Firm (PAF) switching in companies follows the regulation number 17/PMK.01/2008 article 3 of the Minister of Finance Republik Indonesia, which is in a period of 6 years or voluntarily.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the size of PAF, financial distress (FD), firm size of client (FSC), client management switching (CMS), audit comitee switching (ACS) to PAF switching voluntarily on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2010-2014. The population in this research are manufacturing companies listed in IDX in 2010-2014. The sample in this study were taken by purposive sampling method and 21 companies are selected as the sample by criteria. These variables are then tested using logistic regression at a significance level of 5 percent.

The result showed that the size of PAF, FD, FSC, CMS does not affect PAF Switching and ACS has affect PAF Switching. The limitations of this research, the variables used only five independent variables, the research period only five years, and sample selection is only based on a purposive sampling.
Psychological Distress among Residents in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi , Nnamani Chioma Phyllis , Ezeh Nonye Ijeoma , Okechukwu Chioma , Fasesan Oluwatoyin , Ulasi Thomas Obiajulu
Published: September 2020

Background: During an epidemic, an associated rise in mental health concerns is usually observed. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on mental health of adults residing in Nigeria is unknown. The current study attempts to determine the prevalence of psychological distress among adult residents in Nigeria and explore any potential risk factors.

Methodology: An online survey developed with Google form was distributed to willing respondents using social media platforms between the time period of 24th of April to 30th of May 2020. Kessler psychological distress scale was used to assess for prevalence of mental health morbidity.

Results: Overall, 815 adults responded to the survey, of which 344 (42.2%) were males and 471 (57.8%) females with a Male: Female ratio of 1:1.4. Overall, the top 3 sources of information on facts concerning COVID-19 were television (28.1%), WhatsApp (16.5%) and health care providers (14.3%), while the least source of information was the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) (0.8%). 47.3% of the respondents had psychological distress: medium risk (41.4%) and high risk (5.9%). Significant predictors include age, occupation, income, working status, and perception of how likely the respondent believe that he or she can be infected with the disease.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of psychological distress was detected among adults living in Nigeria. This calls for an urgent review of the existing national protocol on the management of COVID-19 to include strategies and programs that will promptly detect and address the mental health needs of at-risk populations.
Transformation and issues of public housing policies facing aging society: Case review of Osaka City, Japan
Authors: Hsiao Hongwei
Published: September 2020

This policy review article focuses on the transition of the public housing policies in Japan, particularly the policies regarding elderly low‐income residents. The population of Japan has aged to the point at which the elderly outnumber the residents under 15 years old, and this has presented new challenges for public housing. The changes in policy have been influenced by the aging population, and public housing is being adapted for elderly residents. The concentrations of poverty in public housing, which arguably have been exacerbated by the “Adaptability and Benefit Principle” and its rent calculation system introduced in the 1990s, remain to be resolved. Many disadvantaged elderly individuals are at risk of losing their homes, and it is necessary that the governmental entities in Japan proactively provide subsidies to property owners for the support and housing of elderly low‐income households. Osaka City is used as an example of the problems and potential solutions involved in the public housing of disadvantaged elderly.
Fatty Acids: Structures and Properties
Authors: Lund Jenny , Rustan Arild C
Published: September 2020

Fatty acids are carbon chains with a methyl group at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group at the other end that are either saturated or unsaturated. They are essential in metabolism, serving as metabolic fuel, a necessary component of all cell membranes and function as gene regulators and signalling molecules. In addition, fatty acids have a number of industrial uses. Fatty acids generally represent 30–35% of total energy intake and the most important dietary sources are vegetable oils, dairy products, meat products, grains and fatty fish or fish oils. There is evidence of beneficial effects of additional intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of the very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Optimally, a person's intake of n‐3 fatty acids should be 1–3% of total energy intake, and of n‐6 fatty acids, it should be 3–5% of total energy intake.

Key Concepts

Fatty acids are carbon chains with a methyl group at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group at the other end.

Fatty acids are divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

The major dietary fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α‐linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid.

Fatty acids play a key role in metabolism: as a metabolic fuel, as a necessary component of all cell membranes, act as signalling molecules and as gene regulators.

Fatty acids are widely used as inactive ingredients in drug preparations.

Fatty acids themselves or as part of complex lipids are frequently used in personal hygiene industries.

There is evidence of beneficial effects of additional intake of PUFAs, particularly the very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids.
Radical Enzymes
Authors: Högbom Martin , Sjöberg Britt‐Marie , Berggren Gustav
Published: September 2020

Radical enzymes harbour a free radical in their polypeptide chain, which participates in catalysis. A growing number of enzymes are known to require a posttranslationally generated free radical for their proper functioning. The radical is generally used to remove a hydrogen atom from an unreactive position in the substrate, activating the substrate to undergo difficult chemistry. Some radical enzymes have unexpectedly been found to harbour a stable radical on an amino acid side‐chain that is distinct from the side‐chains of the active site region; during catalysis, the stable free radical interacts with the active site via radical transfer, and between turnovers it serves as a radical sink.

Key Concepts

Radical enzymes utilise single‐electron chemistry to enable difficult chemical reactions.

Tyrosyl and tryptophanyl radicals are involved in a large number of biochemical reactions as initiators of catalysis or as partners in radical transfer pathways.

Glycyl radicals are oxygen‐sensitive and have only been found in anaerobically expressed enzymes.

Transient cysteinyl radicals are important intermediates in a number of radical enzymes.

A transient 5′‐deoxyadensyl radical can be formed either by reductive cleavage of theS‐adenosylmethionine cofactor in a radical SAM enzyme or by homolytic cleavage of the vitamin B12 coenzyme AdoCbl.

All members of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family utilise a transient cysteinyl radical generated by a stable radical in a separate subunit (class I), cleavage of AdoCbl (class II), or a stable glycyl radical (class III).