bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Effects of Peatland Cultivation on Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties: Case Study in Canada
Authors: Hallema Dennis W. , Lafond Jonathan A. , Périard Yann , Gumiere Silvio J. , Sun Ge , Caron Jean
Published: April 2015

Organic soils are an excellent substrate for commercial lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) farming; however, drainage accelerates oxidation of the surface layer and reduces the water holding capacity, which is often lethal for crops that are sensitive to water stress. In this case study, we analyzed 942 peat samples from a large cultivated peatland complex (18.7 km2) in southern Quebec, Canada, and demonstrated from spatial and temporal patterns that agriculture resulted in a compacted layer below the root zone. We grouped the samples based on the year in which the corresponding fields were created on the previously undisturbed peatland (cutoff years 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000) and discovered that bulk density has continued to increase, partly due to the overburden pressure, while organic matter has continued to decline since the fields were reclaimed and drained in phases between 1955 and 2006. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in the upper 20 cm was remarkably lower on fields older than 10 yr (p = 0.0973 for Wilcoxon rank test), with more samples having a Ks < 2.0 × 10−3 yr. Soil water available capacity (SWAC) was between approximately 5 and 33 cm on fields reclaimed after 2000, while samples from fields reclaimed before 2000 had a lower SWAC between 2 and 23 cm (groups discernable at p = 0.0203). It is possible, however, that the greatest rate of change in Ks and SWAC occurred within even a year of reclamation. The results of this study call for active measures to reduce organic soil degradation such as reducing tillage and on‐field traffic or following a crop rotation scheme.
Optimization design of traffic flow under security based on cellular automata model
Authors: Zhang Fan , Han Zhike , Ge Hanyu , Zhu Yingping
Published: April 2015

Cellular Automata is a discrete model studied in computability theory,
mathematics, physics, complexity science, theoretical biology and
microstructure modeling. This paper proposes a model to balance the flux and
safety, to maximize the flux on each road whilst ensuring work well with
safety based on the Cellular Automata. In order to analyze the flow of
traffic, the traffic of three-lane freeway and four-lane freeway are
simulated based on the cellular automata model with the factors of velocity
and density in the first step. For safety, a rear-end collision model and
overtaking lateral collision model were employed to analyze the relation
among safety. Reaction time and distance are introduced in the model, and
different vehicles are considered. Safety-related factors are also chosen
based on back propagation neural network. At last, this paper establishes a
model to examine the performance of the traffic flow under the multi-lane
freeway in light and heavy traffic. It simulates the situation in real life
based on actual data. The optimal relation and optimal value has worked out
between flux and safety through simulating the situation in real life based
on actual data. To achieve a better model, further discussion, is made on how
to adapt to different situations with the keep-left, the unrestricted, and
the intelligent system controlled. The experimental result shows that the
number of lanes is not an influential factor under any circumstances. The
maximum speed limit plays a significant role in light traffic while it is of
no importance in heavy traffic. However, the minimum speed limit plays a
significant role in heavy traffic while it is of no importance in light
traffic.
Wnt Signaling Regulates Blood Pressure by Downregulating a GSK-3β–Mediated Pathway to Enhance Insulin Signaling in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Cheng Pei-Wen , Chen Ying-Ying , Cheng Wen-Han , Lu Pei-Jung , Chen Hsin-Hung , Chen Bo-Rong , Yeh Tung-Chen , Sun Gwo-Ching , Hsiao Michael , Tseng Ching-Jiunn
Published: April 2015

Aberrant Wnt signaling appears to play an important role in the onset of diabetes. Moreover, the insulin signaling pathway is defective in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and fructose-fed rats. Nevertheless, the relationships between Wnt signaling and the insulin pathway and the related modulation of blood pressure (BP) in the central nervous system have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential signaling pathways involved in Wnt-mediated BP regulation in the NTS. Pretreatment with the LDL receptor–related protein (LRP) antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) significantly attenuated the Wnt3a-induced depressor effect and nitric oxide production. Additionally, the inhibition of LRP6 activity using DKK1 significantly abolished Wnt3a-induced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)S9, extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2T202/Y204, ribosomal protein S6 kinaseT359/S363, and AktS473 phosphorylation; and increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)S332 phosphorylation. GSK-3β was also found to bind directly to IRS1 and to induce the phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine 332 in the NTS. By contrast, administration of the GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 into the brain decreased the BP of hypertensive rats by enhancing IRS1 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the GSK-3β-IRS1 pathway may play a significant role in Wnt-mediated central BP regulation.
Assessing Balance Function in Patients With Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chan Andy C.M. , Pang Marco Y.C.
Published: April 2015

Background

The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) is a relatively new balance assessment tool. Recently, the Mini-BESTest and the Brief-BESTest, which are shortened versions of the BESTest, were developed.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to estimate interrater and intrarater-interoccasion reliability, internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the 3 BESTests and other related measures, namely, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, among patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design

This was an observational measurement study.

Methods

To establish interrater reliability, the 3 BESTests were administered by 3 independent raters to 25 participants with TKA. Intrarater-interoccasion reliability was evaluated in 46 participants with TKA (including the 25 individuals who participated in the interrater reliability experiments) by repeating the 3 BESTests, BBS, and FGA within 1 week by the same rater. Internal consistency of each test also was assessed with Cronbach alpha. Validity was assessed in another 46 patients with TKA by correlating the 3 BESTests with BBS, FGA, and ABC. The floor and ceiling effects also were examined.

Results

The 3 BESTests demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] [2,1]=.96–.99), intrarater-interoccasion reliability (ICC [2,1]=.92–.96), and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.96–.98). These values were comparable to those for the BBS and FGA. The 3 BESTests also showed moderate-to-strong correlations with the BBS, FGA, and ABC (r=.35–.81), thus demonstrating good concurrent and convergent validity. No significant floor and ceiling effects were observed, except for the BBS.

Limitations

The results are generalizable only to patients with TKA due to end-stage knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusions

The 3 BESTests have good reliability and validity for evaluating balance in people with TKA. The Brief-BESTest is the least time-consuming and may be more useful clinically.
What Research Do State Education Agencies Really Need? The Promise and Limitations of State Longitudinal Data Systems
Authors: Conaway Carrie , Keesler Venessa , Schwartz Nathaniel
Published: April 2015

State longitudinal data systems (SLDSs) have created more opportunities than ever before for rigorous research to influence education policy decisions. As state practitioners who play central roles in building and using our states’ longitudinal data systems, we are excited about their promise for supporting policymaking and research. Yet, we also recognize that the data in SLDSs will not answer many of our most pressing research questions, nor will the presence of these systems create the meaningful collaboration between researchers and practitioners that we feel is needed to inform our states’ policy landscapes. The barriers to the kinds of research we need are mostly unrelated to the promises of SLDSs. We outline the challenges we have experienced in developing research agendas, building our internal capacity for research, and working with external partners, and we identify the research questions we need to answer that are not easily addressed with SLDS data.
Lessons From a School District–University Research Partnership
Authors: López Turley Ruth N. , Stevens Carla
Published: April 2015

Research partnerships between school districts and universities can be extremely beneficial to both institutions, but these partnerships require many skills that academics and district leaders generally do not have, making these collaborations challenging to set up and difficult to maintain. Co-authored by a university professor and a school district leader, this article examines from both perspectives why more of these research partnerships are needed, why they are not more common, and how these barriers can be overcome, using an example of a recently formed partnership with one of the nation’s largest school districts.
The Effect of Primary School Size on Academic Achievement
Authors: Gershenson Seth , Langbein Laura
Published: April 2015

Evidence on optimal school size is mixed. We estimate the effect of transitory changes in school size on the academic achievement of fourth- and fifth-grade students in North Carolina using student-level longitudinal administrative data. Estimates of value-added models that condition on school-specific linear time trends and a variety of teacher-by-school, student, and school-by-year fixed effects suggest that, on average, there is no causal relationship between school size and academic performance. However, two subgroups of interest are significantly harmed by school size: socioeconomically disadvantaged students and students with learning disabilities. The largest effects are observed among students with learning disabilities: A 10-student increase in grade size is found to decrease their math and reading achievement by about 0.015 test-score standard deviations.
The Uneven Performance of Arizona’s Charter Schools
Authors: Chingos Matthew M. , West Martin R.
Published: April 2015

Arizona enrolls a larger share of its students in charter schools than any other state in the country, but no comprehensive examination exists of the impact of those schools on student achievement. Using student-level data covering all Arizona students from 2006 to 2012, we find that the performance of charter schools in Arizona in improving student achievement varies widely, and more so than that of traditional public schools (TPS). On average, charter schools at every grade level have been modestly less effective than TPS in raising student achievement in some subjects. But charter schools that closed during this period have been lower performing than schools that remained open, a pattern that is not evident in the traditional public sector.
The Missing Manual
Authors: Dynarski Susan M. , Hemelt Steven W. , Hyman Joshua M.
Published: April 2015

This article explores the promises and pitfalls of using National Student Clearinghouse (NSC) data to measure a variety of postsecondary outcomes. We first describe the history of the NSC, the basic structure of its data, and recent research interest in using NSC data. Second, using information from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), we calculate enrollment coverage rates for NSC data over time, by state, institution type, and demographic student subgroups. We find that coverage is highest among public institutions and lowest (but growing) among for-profit colleges. Across students, enrollment coverage is lower for minorities but similar for males and females. We also explore two potentially less salient sources of non-coverage: suppressed student records due to privacy laws and matching errors due to typographic inaccuracies in student names. To illustrate how this collection of measurement errors may affect estimates of the levels and gaps in postsecondary attendance and persistence, we perform several case-study analyses using administrative transcript data from Michigan public colleges. We close with a discussion of practical issues for program evaluators using NSC data.
Assessing Quality of Life and Depression Among People Living With HIV/AIDS and TB-HIV Coinfection in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Timilsina S , Regmi K
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Assessing the health related quality of life (HQoL) and depression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive people and TB-HIV co infected people is of extreme importance in designing strategies and implementing interventional programs on treatment care and support to People living with HIV and AIDS. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV/AIDS and TB-HIV Co infection from July to December 2011 at care and support canters in Kathmandu, Nepal. The list HIV care and Support centre registered at Kathmandu were selected using the lottery proportionately to meet the sample size of 154. The method of data collection was summarized in the World Health Organization’s questionnaire for Health related Quality of life and Beck Depression Inventory Scale II for depression. Data was collected using verbal information of respondents, entered on Epi Data version3.4.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: TB-HIV co infected people had lower quality of life in all domains compared to HIV/AIDS infected people. The prevalence of depression was found higher in TB-HIV co infected people than HIV/AIDS group. CD4 count, educational status, occupation, ethnicity, family size and depression were statistically significant with the QoL domains. Among co infected patients, depression was 3.86 times more likely to influence QoL while adjusted odds ratio was 4.21 times higher. Conclusion: The TB control program should design strategies to improve the quality of life of TB-HIV co infected people and depression should be targeted as an intervention to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV with or without TB.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v11i2.12428SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2) Page: 7-14
Tuberculosis of Oral Mucosa - A Case Report
Authors: Emekar SM , Damle AS , Iravane J
Published: April 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatous disease and a leading cause of death in developing countries. Mucous membrane (oral/genital/perianal) TB could be either primary or secondary to autoinoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from underlying advanced TB infection of lung, genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract respectively. Involvement of oral cavity in TB is quite rare, so difficult to get diagnosed. Hence we are reporting a case of TB of oral (buccal) mucosa in a 22 year old male who presented with painful ulcerative growth on left side of buccal mucosa near the molar teeth since 5 months. Diagnosis was made on histopathological examination and Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining of biopsy specimen. The complete blood count, chest X-ray, culture of tissue biopsy and sputum showed findings consistent with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Patient responded to the treatment with complete recovery of tuberculosis oral lesion. Hence awareness of rare form of oral tuberculosis makes early diagnosis and prevents further spread of disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v11i2.12438SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2) Page: 37-39
Perianeurysmal edema in giant intracranial aneurysms in relation to aneurysm location, size, and partial thrombosis
Authors: Dengler Julius , Maldaner Nicolai , Bijlenga Philippe , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Graewe Alexander , Guhl Susanne , Hong Bujung , Hohaus Christian , Kursumovic Adisa , Mielke Dorothee , Schebesch Karl-Michael , Wostrack Maria , Rufenacht Daniel , Vajkoczy Peter , Schmidt Nils Ole , _ _
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The underlying mechanisms causing intracranial perianeurysmal edema (PAE) are still poorly understood. Since PAE is most frequently observed in giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs), the authors designed a study to examine the occurrence of PAE in relation to the location, size, and partial thrombosis (PT) of GIAs along with the clinical impact of PAE.

METHODS

Magnetic resonance imaging data for patients with a diagnosis of unruptured GIA from the international multicenter Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry were retrospectively analyzed with regard to location and size of the GIA, PAE volume, and the presence of PT. The occurrence of PAE was correlated to clinical findings.

RESULTS

Imaging data for 69 GIAs were eligible for inclusion in this study. Perianeurysmal edema was observed in 33.3% of all cases, with the highest frequency in GIAs of the middle cerebral artery (MCA; 68.8%) and the lowest frequency in GIAs of the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA; 0.0%). Independent predictors of PAE formation were GIA volume (OR 1.13, p = 0.02) and the occurrence of PT (OR 9.84, p = 0.04). Giant intracranial aneurysm location did not predict PAE occurrence. Giant aneurysms with PAE were larger than GIAs without PAE (p < 0.01), and GIA volume correlated with PAE volume (rs = 0.51, p = 0.01). Perianeurysmal edema had no influence on the modified Rankin Scale score (p = 0.30 or the occurrence of aphasia (p = 0.61) or hemiparesis (p = 0.82).

CONCLUSIONS

Perianeurysmal edema was associated with GIA size and the presence of PT. As no PAE was observed in cavernous ICA aneurysms, even though they exerted mass effect on the brain and also displayed PT, the dura mater may serve as a barrier protecting the brain from PAE formation.
Uncertainty in mass-balance trends derived from altimetry: a case study along the EGIG line, central Greenland
Authors: Morris Elizabeth M. , Wingham Duncan J.
Published: April 2015

Repeated measurements of density profiles and surface elevation along a 515 km traverse of the Greenland ice sheet are used to determine elevation change rates and the error in determining mass-balance trends from these rates which arises from short-term fluctuations in mass input, compaction and surface density. Mean values of this error, averaged over 100 km sections of the traverse, decrease with time from the start of observations in 2004, with a half-time of ∼4 years. After 7 years the mean error is less than the ice equivalent mass imbalance.
Post-Zionism and Israel's ‘New Anthropologists’: Interview with Professor Dan Rabinowitz and Professor Khaled Furani
Authors: Leoncini Sabina
Published: April 2015

In this interview with Professors Dan Rabinowitz and Khaled Furani we reflect on the article regarding ‘The ethnographic arrival of Palestine’ that was published in the Annual Review of Anthropology in 2011. The aim of this interview is to open a debate regarding how Palestine has become an anthropological subject of inquiry in the last few decades. It is also interesting to reflect on which events have given relevance to the interpretation of the two authors. Both have different approaches in their views of the study of Palestine with regards to the ethnographical methods. In Italian universities these issues are hardly studied, except for a few collaborations between young PhD students and Israeli scholars, so this interview will be the first step in a larger process of translation and collaboration between Israeli and Palestinian scholars. The two authors start their reflections by explaining the four modalities that they have individualised: Biblical Palestine, Oriental Palestine, Absent Palestine and Post-structural Palestine. Their survey yielded 420 relevant articles, chapters and books by anthropologists, written in English. Their interview also takes into consideration the evolving perspectives of future collaborations and the role that anthropology can play in describing emergent fields of knowledge and power regarding Palestine and Israel.
Estimating Interest Rate Setting Behavior in Brazil: A LSTR Model Approach
Authors: Baaziz Yosra
Published: April 2015

Given limited research on monetary policy rules in emerging markets, this paper challenges the applicability of a nonlinear Taylor rule in characterizing the monetary policy behavior of the Brazilian Central Bank. It also investigates whether and how the process of setting interest rates has been developed in response to contingencies and special events. We extend the linear Taylor rule to a regime-switching framework, where the transition from one regime to another occurs in a smooth way, using a Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) approach. In this sense, we empirically analyze the movement of the nominal short term interest rate of the Brazilian Central Bank using quarterly data, covering the period 1994.Q4–2012.Q2. We find that the nonlinear Taylor rule provides a better description of the Brazilian interest rate setting and is consistent with historical macroeconomic events. In particular, our results show that adopting a nonlinear specification, instead of the linear, leads to a costs reduction in terms of ﬁt: 190 basis points in 1995 and 140 basis points in the mid-2002 presidential election campaign in Brazil. Moreover, the Brazilian monetary policy exhibits nonlinear patterns that better captures special events and may contain relevant information rendering it applicable to unusual conditions, i.e., a financial crisis, which require disconnection from the automatic pilot rule and use of judgement to make decision.
A Robust Ultra-Low Voltage CPU Utilizing Timing-Error Prevention
Authors: Hiienkari Markus , Teittinen Jukka , Koskinen Lauri , Turnquist Matthew , Mäkipää Jani , Rantala Arto , Sopanen Matti , Kaltiokallio Mikko
Published: April 2015

To minimize energy consumption of a digital circuit, logic can be operated at sub- or near-threshold voltage. Operation at this region is challenging due to device and environment variations, and resulting performance may not be adequate to all applications. This article presents two variants of a 32-bit RISC CPU targeted for near-threshold voltage. Both CPUs are placed on the same die and manufactured in 28 nm CMOS process. They employ timing-error prevention with clock stretching to enable operation with minimal safety margins while maximizing performance and energy efficiency at a given operating point. Measurements show minimum energy of 3.15 pJ/cyc at 400 mV, which corresponds to 39% energy saving compared to operation based on static signoff timing.
Methyl 2-[(2-{2-[(2-acetamidophenyl)ethynyl]benzamido} phenyl)ethynyl]benzoate
Authors: Demizu Yosuke , Misawa Takashi , Yamagata Nanako , Doi Mitsunobu , Kurihara Masaaki
Published: April 2015

The title compound was prepared by inducing amide bond formation between methyl 2-[(2-aminophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate and 2-[(2-acetamidophenyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid in the presence of dichlorotriphenylphosphorane. The structure of the synthesized compound was determined on the basis of its 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. Furthermore, the compound’s crystal structure is also reported.
Maxwell–Lorentz Electrodynamics Revisited via the Lagrangian Formalism and Feynman Proper Time Paradigm
Authors: Bogolubov Nikolai , Prykarpatski Anatolij , Blackmore Denis
Published: April 2015

We review new electrodynamics models of interacting charged point particles and related fundamental physical aspects, motivated by the classical A.M. Ampère magnetic and H. Lorentz force laws electromagnetic field expressions. Based on the Feynman proper time paradigm and a recently devised vacuum field theory approach to the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian, the formulations of alternative classical electrodynamics models are analyzed in detail and their Dirac type quantization is suggested. Problems closely related to the radiation reaction force and electron mass inertia are analyzed. The validity of the Abraham-Lorentz electromagnetic electron mass origin hypothesis is argued. The related electromagnetic Dirac–Fock–Podolsky problem and symplectic properties of the Maxwell and Yang–Mills type dynamical systems are analyzed. The crucial importance of the remaining reference systems, with respect to which the dynamics of charged point particles is framed, is explained and emphasized.
A Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Poor Academic Performance in Australian Adolescents
Authors: Nyaradi Anett , Li Jianghong , Hickling Siobhan , Foster Jonathan , Jacques Angela , Ambrosini Gina , Oddy Wendy
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and academic performance among 14-year-old adolescents. Study participants were from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. A food frequency questionnaire was administered when the adolescents were 14 years old, and from the dietary data, a ‘Healthy’ and a ‘Western’ dietary pattern were identified by factor analysis. The Western Australian Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (WALNA) results from grade nine (age 14) were linked to the Raine Study data by The Western Australian Data Linkage Branch. Associations between the dietary patterns and the WALNA (mathematics, reading and writing scores) were assessed using multivariate linear regression models adjusting for family and socioeconomic characteristics. Complete data on dietary patterns, academic performance and covariates were available for individuals across the different analyses as follows: n = 779 for mathematics, n = 741 for reading and n = 470 for writing. Following adjustment, significant negative associations between the ‘Western’ dietary pattern and test scores for mathematics (β = −13.14; 95% CI: −24.57; −1.76); p = 0.024) and reading (β = −19.16; 95% CI: −29.85; −8.47; p ≤ 0.001) were observed. A similar trend was found with respect to writing (β = −17.28; 95% CI: −35.74; 1.18; p = 0.066). ANOVA showed significant trends in estimated means of academic scores across quartiles for both the Western and Healthy patterns. Higher scores for the ‘Western’ dietary pattern are associated with poorer academic performance in adolescence.
Building Deformation Assessment by Means of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Analysis on a Landslide-Affected Area: The Volterra (Italy) Case Study
Authors: Bianchini Silvia , Pratesi Fabio , Nolesini Teresa , Casagli Nicola
Published: April 2015

In recent years, space-borne InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) techniques have shown their capabilities to provide precise measurements of Earth surface displacements for monitoring natural processes. Landslides threaten human lives and structures, especially in urbanized areas, where the density of elements at risk sensitive to ground movements is high. The methodology described in this paper aims at detecting terrain motions and building deformations at the local scale, by means of satellite radar data combined with in situ validation campaigns. The proposed approach consists of deriving maximum settlement directions of the investigated buildings from displacement data revealed by radar measurements and then in the cross-comparison of these values with background geological data, constructive features and on-field evidence. This validation permits better understanding whether or not the detected movements correspond to visible and effective damages to buildings. The method has been applied to the southwestern sector of Volterra (Tuscany region, Italy), which is a landslide-affected and partially urbanized area, through the use of COSMO-SkyMed satellite images as input data. Moreover, we discuss issues and possible misinterpretations when dealing with PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) data referring to single manufactures and the consequent difficulty of attributing the motion rate to ground displacements, rather than to structural failures.
The Digital Fingerprinting Analysis Concerning Google Calendar under Ubiquitous Mobile Computing Era
Authors: Chu Hai-Cheng , Wang Gai-Ge , Park Jong
Published: April 2015

Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) are making progress day by day, driven by the relentless need to utilize them for everything from leisure to business. This inevitable trend has dramatically changed contemporary digital behavior in all aspects. Undoubtedly, digital fingerprints will be at some point unwarily left on crime scenes creating digital information security incidents. On the other hand, corporates in the private sector or governments are on the edge of being exploited in terms of confidential digital information leakages. Some digital fingerprinting is volatile by its nature. Alternatively, once the power of computing devices is no longer sustainable, these digital traces could disappear forever. Due to the pervasive usage of Google Calendar and Safari browser among network communities, digital fingerprinting could be disclosed if forensics is carried out in a sound manner, which could be admitted in a court of law as probative evidences concerning certain cybercrime incidents.
Frequent Infection of Human Cancer Xenografts with Murine Endogenous Retroviruses in Vivo
Authors: Naseer Asif , Terry Anne , Gilroy Kathryn , Kilbey Anna , Watts Ciorsdaidh , Mackay Nancy , Bell Margaret , Mason Susan , Blyth Karen , Cameron Ewan , Neil James
Published: April 2015

Infection of human cancer xenografts in mice with murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) is a long-standing observation, but the likelihood of infection in vivo and its biological consequences are poorly understood. We therefore conducted a prospective study in commonly used xenograft recipient strains. From BALB/c nude mice engrafted with MCF7 human mammary carcinoma cells, we isolated a virus that was virtually identical to Bxv1, a locus encoding replication-competent xenotropic MLV (XMLV). XMLV was detected in 9/17 (53%) independently isolated explants. XMLV was not found in primary leukemias or in THP1 leukemia cells grown in Bxv1-negative NSG (NOD/SCID/γCnull) mice, although MCF7 explants harbored replication-defective MLV proviruses. To assess the significance of infection for xenograft behavior in vivo, we examined changes in growth and global transcription in MCF7 and the highly susceptible Raji Burkitt lymphoma cell line chronically infected with XMLV. Raji cells showed a stronger transcriptional response that included up-regulation of chemokines and effectors of innate antiviral immunity. In conclusion, the risk of de novo XMLV infection of xenografts is high in Bxv1 positive mice, while infection can have positive or negative effects on xenograft growth potential with significant consequences for interpretation of many xenograft studies.
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Streamflow in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Li Erhui , Mu Xingmin , Zhao Guangju , Gao Peng
Published: April 2015

Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) can provide information about inner regularity, randomness and long-range correlation of time series, promoting the knowledge of their evolution regularity. The MFDFA are applied to detect long-range correlations and multifractal behavior of streamflow series at four hydrological stations (Toudaoguai, Longmen, Huangfu and Ganguyi) in the main channel and tributaries of the Yellow River. The results showed that there was one crossover point in the log−log curve of the fluctuation function Fq(s) versus s. The location for the crossover point is approximately one year, implying an unchanged annual periodicity within the streamflow variations. The annual periodical feature of streamflow was removed by using seasonal trend decomposition based on locally weighted regression (STL). All the decomposed streamflow series were characterized by long-term persistence in the study areas. Strong dependence of the generalized Hurst exponent h(q) on q exhibited multifractal behavior in streamflow time series at four stations in the Yellow River basin. The reduction of dependence of h(q) on q for shuffled time series showed that the multifractality of streamflow series was responsible for the correlation properties, as well as the probability density function of the streamflow series.
3-Glucosylated 5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis and evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors
Authors: Donnier-Maréchal Marion , Goyard David , Folliard Vincent , Docsa Tibor , Gergely Pal , Praly Jean-Pierre , Vidal Sébastien
Published: April 2015

Glycogen phosporylase (GP) is a promising target for the control of glycaemia. The design of inhibitors binding at the catalytic site has been accomplished through various families of glucose-based derivatives such as oxadiazoles. Further elaboration of the oxadiazole aromatic aglycon moiety is now reported with 3-glucosyl-5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesized by condensation of a C-glucosyl amidoxime with N,N’-dialkylcarbodiimides or Vilsmeier salts. The 5-amino group introduced on the oxadiazole scaffold was expected to provide better inhibition of GP through potential additional interactions with the enzyme’s catalytic site; however, no inhibition was observed at 625 µM.
Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)
Authors: Aspöck Ulrike , Aspöck Horst , Letardi Agostino , de Jong Yde
Published: April 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

For Neuropterida, data from three Insect orders (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera), comprising 15 families and 397 species, are included.
Le contexte historique de la Lakedaimoniôn Politeia de Xénophon
Authors: Ducat Jean
Published: April 2015

La question examinée n’est pas celle, souvent traitée, de la date de la composition de la L. P. , mais celle, un peu différente, de l’environnement historique de son contenu. Le lecteur trouvera à la fin de l’article un tableau résumant les éléments d’information que l’on peut trouver dans le texte lui-même. Ils amènent à proposer comme contexte historique du traité la décennie 404-394.
Sparte et Delphes du IV e siècle av. J.-C. au II e siècle av. J.-C. Un déclin inscrit dans l’espace sacré
Authors: Jacquemin Anne
Published: April 2015

Sparte qui entretenait des relations particulières avec le sanctuaire d’Apollon à Delphes et qui avait été à la fin du V e siècle l’une des cités les plus présentes par ses offrandes voit sa place diminuer après la défaite de Leuctres : active au moment de la reconstruction du temple d’Apollon (hiéromnémons, naopes), elle est encore présente au III e siècle, mais sa défaite face à l’obscure Kytinion dans la querelle du suffrage amphictionique en 160/59 est significative de son importance au sein de l’Amphictionie où elle était entrée d’une certaine façon par effraction.
Le unità di misura nella progettazione architettonica in Mauretania Tingitana
Authors: Camporeale Stefano
Published: April 2015

Les mensae mensurariae de Leptis Magna , Thibilis et Cuicul semblent montrer l’utilisation combinée de la coudée punique et égyptienne et du pied romain dans la conception et la construction des édifices de l’Afrique du Nord. L’étude de la planimétrie de quelques bâtiments de Volubilis , Lixus , Banasa et Thamusida montre qu’en Maurétanie Tingitane les mesures locales et romaines également étaient intégrées dans un même système. L’introduction du pes monetalis et de nouvelles techniques de construction reflètent les transformations de la société provinciale entre l’âge maure et la période impériale.
Poids et vie civique du Proche-Orient hellénistique et romain
Authors: Gatier Pierre-Louis
Published: April 2015

Les poids métalliques du Proche‑Orient hellénistique et romain appartiennent pour la plupart au « nouveau style hellénistique » de Méditerranée orientale. Ils sont essentiellement émis par les cités, à partir de l’époque séleucide, et constituent une importante source d’information, tant par leur iconographie que par leurs inscriptions. Les poids civiques qui disparaissent presque partout au IV e siècle p. C. se maintiennent exceptionnellement à l’époque protobyzantine dans quelques cités comme Tyr.
Pourquoi le « nombre d’or » ?
Authors: Bommelaer Jean-François
Published: April 2015

Les Anciens concevaient l’existence des nombres « irrationnels », mais ils ne les utilisaient pas, et ils ignoraient les nombres « décimaux ». En contrepartie, ils maniaient avec virtuosité les rapports entre nombres entiers, même très élevés. Le « nombre d’or », qui pour nous vaut ½ (1+√5) soit 1,618... , ne pouvait alors être rien d’autre qu’un rapport. Or il a des propriétés étonnantes en matière d’arithmétique mais aussi de géométrie. On approche sa valeur exacte de très près et avec une grande facilité en utilisant n’importe laquelle des « suites » du type de celle à laquelle est attaché le nom de Fibonacci.
Homme et femme, un et pourtant différents
Authors: Heller Karin
Published: April 2015

Dans le Moyen Orient ancien, l’existence des sexes devient une expression particulière du Mariage sacré entre le Ciel et la Terre. Les théologiens d’Israël ont repris cette image en la lisant à la lumière de l’expérience du Dieu qui fait alliance avec Abraham. Il en résulte une modification profonde de l’image de l’homme et de la femme : dans leur existence sexuée respective, ils sont désormais associés à l’œuvre divine de création et de salut. Appelés à suivre le Christ, l’homme et la femme accèdent par le don de l’Esprit à une forme d’existence où peut s’exercer enfin l’ agapè dont l’origine et la finalité ultimes sont l’ agapè de Dieu sur laquelle la mort n’a pas de pouvoir.
La théologie des religions entre création et révélation : Jacques Dupuis et Christoph Theobald
Authors: Labbé Yves
Published: April 2015

La théologie catholique contemporaine cherche à justifier un pluralisme de droit des traditions de salut et des engagements de vie à partir de l’autorévélation de Dieu. Cette étude en suit deux exemples : Jacques Dupuis et Christoph Theobald. Elle montre leurs écarts en se réglant sur la relation entre révélation et création. D’un côté, la création ouvre la révélation sur une multiplicité de révélations ou alliances voulues par Dieu. De l’autre côté, c’est dans l’autonomie radicale de la création que s’accomplit le caractère définitif de la révélation. Après avoir élucidé les avancées et les limites des deux modèles, on suggère une unité différenciée de la création et de la révélation qui permette de respecter un monde devenu séculier et d’aborder avec discrétion une présence de Dieu aux religions.
La phénoménologie de l’agir moral selon Karol Wojtyla
Authors: Delogu Antonio
Published: April 2015

La recherche philosophique de Karol Wojtyla menée selon l’approche phénoménologique vise la compréhension de l’existence humaine dans sa factivité. Wojtyla explicite ainsi les modalités fondamentales de l’existence : l’action morale, la transcendance qui lui est inhérente, l’autodétermination, l’authenticité.
Création et évolution
Authors: Aucante Vincent
Published: April 2015

Prolongeant l’héritage de Jean-Paul II, Benoît XVI prend en considération la théorie de l’évolution en interrogeant le rapport entre science et foi. Il a abordé assez souvent ce thème depuis 1968, rejetant le concordisme des créationnistes et refusant aussi de réduire la création à l’irrationnel. Cet intérêt pour la théorie de l’évolution a été confirmé lors du séminaire de Castel Gandolfo, en septembre 2006 ; Benoît XVI y a suggéré des pistes de recherche où l’existence humaine, si elle est contingente, garde néanmoins un sens dans le projet de Dieu.
Isaac et la foi en la résurrection des morts
Authors: Remaud Michel
Published: April 2015

Pour la tradition juive ancienne, Abraham ne doutait pas que Dieu, qui ressuscite les morts, fût capable de rendre la vie à son fils lorsqu’il se disposait à le sacrifier. Sauvé de la mort « le troisième jour », Isaac apparaît comme la figure du ressuscité. Deux passages des Épîtres aux Romains et aux Hébreux sur la foi d’Abraham s’inscrivent parfaitement dans le contexte de cette tradition.
Vulnérabilité et technique. Le témoignage de l’Église en bioéthique
Authors: d’Ornellas Pierre
Published: April 2015

Porter témoignage du Christ en bioéthique paraît paradoxal. En effet, il est souvent énoncé que l’Église n’est pas accordée à la modernité et que les Écritures, qui nous parlent du Christ, n’enseignent rien sur les techniques biomédicales. Face à la « révolution » engendrée par la performance de ces techniques et par les sciences dites « émergentes », ce témoignage prend forme de « dialogue », à l’image de celui inauguré par le Christ. Mais comment ne pas y être aveugles et y assumer notre vulnérabilité dans une culture technologique ? Les Écritures permettent de discerner les enjeux de la filiation, de la conjugalité et de la vulnérabilité comme autant de lumières rationnelles pouvant guider nos pas de « témoins » dans les débats de bioéthique.
Le baptême a-t-il été institué par le Christ ?
Authors: Urfels Florent
Published: April 2015

Cet article fait le point sur différentes manières d’envisager le baptême chrétien dans le prolongement du baptême de Jean. Nous suivons d’abord la ligne des synoptiques, qui invite à déchiffrer dans le baptême de Jean un signe prophétique ou eschatologique transformé en rite par l’Église primitive. Mais les difficultés auxquelles on se heurte conduisent à valoriser une autre perspective. À l’origine, le baptême serait un rite d’entrée dans une communauté eschatologique (esséniens, pharisiens, disciples de Jean) sanctionnant un exigeant parcours de conversion à la Loi. Il a été ensuite profondément réinterprété par les chrétiens pour correspondre à la mission auprès des païens, mais si Jésus l’a institué avant ce travail théologique post-pascal, alors la spiritualité baptismale ne saurait s’affranchir totalement des préceptes mosaïques.
Les Exercices spirituels et l’Institut d’Études Théologiques
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Amaury
Published: April 2015

Depuis E. Przywara, il est dit que les Exercices spirituels n’inspirent pas seulement une pédagogie, mais aussi un style théologique. À l’intersection de l’une et de l’autre, l’article situe la source d’inspiration de l’Institut d’Études Théologiques. Il y repère la mise en œuvre d’une théologie de « quatrième semaine », qui se vit comme le déploiement d’un mystère qui se livre dans l’espace théophanique du monde contemplé dans l’ ad amorem . Rencontre du Dieu vivant, visant à la formation d’un disciple au sein du corps ecclésial, la théologie est ordonnée à la louange et à la mission, jusqu’à faire « un avec l’amour divin » (ES 370).
De la repentance au renouveau
Authors: Guggenheim Antoine
Published: April 2015

Les nouvelles relations entre l’Église catholique et le peuple Juif s’expriment dans des gestes et des textes forts du magistère récent (Vatican II, Jean-Paul II, Benoît XVI). Au plus profond, c’est l’interprétation chrétienne de la Bible qui doit être clarifiée, comme y appelaient déjà les Notes de 1985 que l’on se propose de relire et d’actualiser. Évitant les deux tentations de la substitution et du néo-marcionisme, une lecture authentiquement chrétienne des Écritures est un héritage de la tradition d’Israël. L’unité de la Tora écrite et de la Tora orale dans la tradition juive est la matrice de l’unité de l’un et l’autre Testament dans le Christ.
Note sur la crise des « prêtres pédophiles »
Authors: Hausman Noëlle
Published: April 2015

Sans aborder tous les aspects d’un fait de société douloureux et complexe, ces pages mettent en évidence ce que la crise de « la pédophilie dans l’Église » révèle de notre écologie sociale ; elles attirent l’attention sur les évolutions en cours dans les domaines du droit et du respect du secret professionnel, et elles signalent les conséquences qui pourraient en être tirées pour la formation des clercs.
Temporalités et créativité
Authors: Schwab Sylvie
Published: April 2015

Pour évoquer la temporalité, voici deux courtes références. Alix Cléo Roubaud, photographe inconnue du grand public, dont les écrits et la photographie publiés après sa disparition sont obsessionnellement marqués par un rapport au temps spécifique, Bill Viola, vidéaste reconnu, dont l’œuvre contemporaine explore avec passion une temporalité décomposée par le recours au ralenti. La notion de fragmentation leur est commune : elle est interrogée ici dans une perspective psychosomatique.
Deuil et dépression ; temporalité et onirothérapie
Authors: Sibony Daniel
Published: April 2015

Cette observation porte sur un état de dépression a priori que la problématique du deuil va complexifier. Dans ce cas, la dépression a priori est issue d’une situation d’impasse relationnelle précoce que la mise en avant d’une caractéropathie se charge de masquer. Ce fonctionnement caractériel a pour but de détacher le sujet de l’imaginaire onirique (le rêve) et de ses formes équivalentes au sein de la conscience vigile, comme le fantasme et l’affect. Le désintérêt pour l’imaginaire en soi est remplacé par une dépendance à l’objet unique qui devient le sujet unique. L’autre idéalisé devient le seul cadre de référence y compris sur le plan spatio-temporel. Le refoulement d’origine caractériel trouve ici ses limites dans l’expérience du deuil, le corps jusque-là vécu de façon fonctionnelle se trouve dépendant de l’autre pour exister, soulignant par là même un trouble de l’identité de soi. L’espace et le temps au lieu d’être une création constituée par le corps en tant que schéma de représentation (haut-bas, droite-gauche, devant-derrière, dedans- dehors) sont remplacés par un cadre de référence qui s’applique de l’extérieur sans le corps ou en contrariant le corps, particulièrement à travers ce cas où l’impasse relationnelle est aussi inhérente à une impasse de nature temporelle. Le champ qu’explore l’onirothérapie s’emploiera dans un premier temps à libérer l’imaginaire dans toute l’étendue de ses manifestations, en considérant les liens existants avec le réel pour permettre l’intégration du relationnel entre l’espace de rêve et l’espace de réalité afin de permettre dans un deuxième temps une confrontation du conflit et sa possible résolution ou transformation.
Foreword: Books about edible insects in different languages
Authors: Yen A.L.
Published: April 2015

The estimated two billion people in the world who eat insects live in Africa, Asia, Central and South America where English is not the first language. The languages spoken in these regions can be the pre-literate traditional languages of the original peoples or an adopted language from former colonial times (predominantly English or French in Africa and Asia, or Portuguese or Spanish in Latin America). In contrast, the use of insects as human food is lowest in western countries (DeFoliart, 1999; Van Huis et al., 2013) where English may be the first language (but acknowledging that different European languages are also used in westernised societies). English has become the dominant language in discussing edible insects as evidenced by its use as the language of presentation at the 2014 Insects to feed the world conference, and that most of the journals relevant to this topic are published in the English language.