bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus glycoprotein K8.1 is critical for infection in a cell-specific manner and functions at the attachment step on keratinocytes
Authors: Liu Shanchuan , Großkopf Anna K. , Yang Xiaoliang , Scribano Stefano , Schlagowski Sarah , Ensser Armin , Hahn Alexander S.
Published: March 2023

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and several B cell malignancies. K8.1, the major antigenic component of the KSHV virion, has been reported to play a critical role in the infection of certain B cells, but otherwise its function remains enigmatic. We created a K8.1 knockout virus (KSHVΔK8.1) in the BAC16 genetic background and analyzed its infectivity on a range of adherent cells. We observed a strong defect on several epithelial cells, e.g. the HaCaT keratinocyte model cell line, HEK 293T and A549 lung epithelial cells, but no such defect on other cells, among them e.g. lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we found that reduced infectivity of the K8.1 knockout virus correlated with reduced attachment to HaCaT cells. The defect in infectivity of KSHVΔK8.1 could be rescued by complementation through expression of K8.1 in KSHVΔK8.1 producing cells by means of a lentiviral vector. In a coculture infection model, KSHVΔK8.1 was highly efficient at infecting the BJAB B cell line but was significantly impaired at infecting the MC116 B cell line, in line with a previous report. In fusion assays together with the gH/gL glycoprotein complex and gB, the components of the conserved herpesviral core fusion machinery, we did not observe activation of membrane fusion by K8.1 or its R8.1 homolog of the rhesus monkey rhadinovirus. In summary, we found K8.1 to function in a highly cell-specific manner during KSHV entry at the attachment step, playing an important role in the infection of epithelial cells.
Childhood Adversity and COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hanson Jamie L , O’Connor Kristen , Adkins Dorthea J , Kahhale Isabella
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To investigate the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality in the UK Biobank.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

United Kingdom.

Participants

151,200 participants in the UK Biobank cohort who had completed the Childhood Trauma Screen, were alive at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (01-10-2021), and were still active in the UK Biobank when hospitalization and mortality data were most recently updated (11-2021).

Main outcome measures

COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality.

Results

Higher self-reports of childhood adversity were related to greater likelihood of COVID-19-related hospitalization in all statistical models. In models adjusted for age, ethnicity, and sex, childhood adversity was associated with an OR of 1.227 of hospitalization (95% CI=1.153 to 1.306, Childhood Adversityz=6.49,p<0.005) and an OR of 1.25 of a COVID-19 related death (95% CI=1.11 to 1.424, Childhood Adversityz=3.5,p<0.005). Adjustment for potential confounds attenuated these associations, although associations remained statistically significant.

Conclusions

Childhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic and health confounders. Further research is needed to clarify the biological and psychosocial processes underlying these associations to inform public health intervention and prevention strategies to minimize COVID-19 disparities.

Trial registration

Work Completed under UK Biobank Project ID 92699 (“Associations between COVID-19 Symptoms&Stressful Life Experiences”).

Summary Prompts

What is already known on this topic

Disparities in COVID-19 outcomes are driven by numerous health and sociodemographic risk factors

Childhood adversity is associated with lifelong physical health disparities and early mortality

No known studies to date have examined the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19 mortality and morbidity

What the study adds

In the UK Biobank, childhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality.

For both morbidity and mortality, these links were seen in statistical models adjusted for important sociodemographic and physical health confounders.

How this study might affect research, practice or policy

Modifiable and more proximal psychosocial factors may impact adult health outcomes, including COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalization

Adversity may relate to depression, self-concept, or self-regulation, cascading from childhood experiences to the outcomes that we investigated here.

Pinpointing these processes may allow for policy and interventions to lessen the negative impact of COVID-19 in those that have suffered childhood adversity.
Causal associations between female reproductive behaviors and psychiatric disorders: a lifecourse Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yifan , Hou Lei , Wu Yutong , Yu Yuanyuan , Liu Xinhui , Wu Sijia , He Yina , Ge Yilei , Wei Yun , Qian Fengtong , Luo Qingxin , Feng Yue , Cheng Xiaojing , Yu Tiangui , Li Hongkai , Xue Fuzhong
Published: March 2023

Background

The timings of reproductive life events have been examined to be associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, studies have not considered the causal pathways from reproductive behaviors to different psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the nature of the relationships between five reproductive behaviors and twelve psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Firstly, we calculated genetic correlations between reproductive factors and psychiatric disorders. Then two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the causal associations among five reproductive behaviors, and these reproductive behaviors on twelve psychiatric disorders, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from genetic consortia. Multivariable MR was then applied to evaluate the direct effect of reproductive behaviors on these psychiatric disorders whilst accounting for other reproductive factors at different life periods.

Results

Univariable MR analyses provide evidences that age at menarche, age at first sexual intercourse and age at first birth have effects on one (depression), seven (anxiety disorder, ADHD, bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder II, depression, PTSD and schizophrenia) and three psychiatric disorders (ADHD, depression and PTSD) (based onp< 7.14 × 10−4), respectively. However, after performing multivariable MR, only age at first sexual intercourse has direct effects on six psychiatric disorders (Depression, Attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder, Bipolar disorder, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Anxiety disorders and Anorexia Nervosa) when accounting for other reproductive behaviors with significant effects in univariable analyses.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that reproductive behaviors predominantly exert their detrimental effects on psychiatric disorders and age at first sexual intercourse has direct effects on psychiatric disorders.
Social work, mental health and substance use: a scoping review
Authors: Benson Camille , Cameron Jacqueline Jane , Allan Julaine
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Integrated care approaches have been recommended for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore and map the research literature regarding social work and its intersection with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

Design/methodology/approach

An iterative and systematic search of five electronic databases CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Social Science Database and Medline was conducted to identify studies published between 2002 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened publications in two successive stages of title and abstract screening, followed by a full-text screening of eligible studies. Data from each included publication were screened and extracted using Covidence.

Findings

A total of 38 eligible studies were included in the final scoping review. The included studies were conducted in eight different counties, including a range of study designs (e.g. cross-sectional, RCT, pilot studies). Only 8 of the 38 studies included people with co-occurring disorders as participants. Study settings were broad, for example, dual-diagnosis, military, homeless, substance use and community-based settings.

Originality/value

A review of the literature surrounding social work practice and its intersection with co-occurring mental health and Alcohol and other drug was warranted to document the evidence on this largely unexplored area of research. This review found that there was a paucity of literature that focused specifically on the role of social work practice in relation to individuals with co-occurring disorders, with a limited number of studies focusing on dual diagnoses.
Online presence of public archival institutions of South Africa
Authors: Maluleka Jan , Nkwe Marcia , Ngulube Patrick
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution, where most information is accessible online, archives should be visible online for them to fulfil their legislated mandate and facilitate access to information resources. The Covid-19 pandemic has further underscored the importance of online platforms in making archives accessible without the public having to visit archival institutions physically. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which public archival institutions of South Africa are visible online with the view to deepen their understanding of how archives promote themselves online.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed content analysis to establish the online content of public archival institutions in South Africa. A google search was conducted using the names of the archival institutions as search terms. The top results obtained after the search were recorded for further analysis.

Findings

The findings suggest that public archival institutions in South Africa have limited online presence. Only the National Archives of South Africa had an active website with collections that are accessible online. Some provincial archives had websites hosted by their parent bodies while others had no websites at all. Only the Limpopo and Eastern Cape provincial archives had their Facebook pages in the top results. There were no signs of other social media sites in the top results.

Originality/value

The study concludes that public archival institutions are not visible online. All provincial archives need to have websites where they can be accessed. The use of social media platforms needs to be prioritised. In this fourth industrial revolution age, people communicate and interact online. Public archival institutions should therefore make it their primary mandate to take the archives to where the people are currently meeting.
Talent management in hospitality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao: a contingency approach
Authors: Sigala Marianna , Ren Lianping , Li Zhuo , Dioko Leonardo (Don) A.N.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine talent management (TM) in the hospitality industry in Macao during COVID-19. It deploys a contingency theory perspective (Luthans and Stewart, 1977) to illuminate the heightened uncertainties and challenges talent managers faced during the pandemic and the urgent adaptations to TM practices they embraced in response.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a phenomenological approach, this study analyzed data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a representative sample of 20 hotel managers in Macao.

Findings

Managers reported four major categories of COVID-19-induced challenges and a corresponding set of contingent TM practices. The four contingent TM practices were found to contribute to the shaping of the next new normal in TM in hospitality and included the following: Contingent TM planning; contingent TM deployment and replacement; talent training and development under contingent arrangements; and changed “talent” attitude and practices in recruitment and retention.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are limited to the geographical and industry context of the study. This study should be refined with larger samples.

Practical implications

This study provides a useful framework for guiding professionals on how to manage talent during turmoil periods. It also contributes toward understanding the shifting meaning of talent and TM in hospitality.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the applicability of contingency theory in managing hospitality talent during turbulent times, which extends TM knowledge and enriches the contingency theory. The findings also facilitate our understanding on how contingent TM practices create processes that lead in setting the new normal.
Holiday planning in Indian families: a dual path model linking family type and conflict resolution
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of parent–adolescent conflict in step versus biological families on family communication patterns (FCPs) and the conflict resolution strategy adopted by adolescents during family destinations or holiday planning (where to visit?).

Design/methodology/approach

The literature on family conflict (i.e. parent–adolescent conflict) and the different types of families (step vs nuclear) supported the proposed framework. The survey was conducted in the Indian subcontinent with a sample size of 437 adolescents. SPSS 22.0 was used for factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and structural equation modelling was used through AMOS 26.0 for data analysis.

Findings

Significant relationship was observed between the types of families (step and biological), FCP and the resolution strategy chosen by Indian adolescents. Adopting a resolution strategy by adolescents in both families depends on the type of FCP in the family. Adolescents in stepfamilies have socio-oriented FCP and use “positive problem-solving” and “conflict withdrawal” as a resolution strategy. In contrast, adolescents in biological families have concept-oriented families and use “conflict enhancement” as a resolution strategy. It has also been found that adolescents who fall into high-stress categories used conflict enhancement strategies. In contrast, those who fall under low-stress categories used positive problem-solving and withdrawal strategies.

Practical implications

This study will add a new chapter to adolescents’ decision-making literature in line with the previous research. It has practical implications for tourism marketers, academicians/researchers and policymakers. Marketers can segment adolescents into step versus biological families, and the choice of resolution strategies may introduce efficient and competent marketing strategies and promotional campaigns.

Originality/value

This study favours that family type is a robust construct to predict adolescents’ choice of resolution strategy. So, it is one of the most influential variables in adolescents’ resolution strategy adoption.
The perception of job insecurity and organizational citizenship behavior during COVID-19: the moderating roles of positive psychological capital and grit
Authors: Farroukh Nataly , Canaan Messarra Leila , Yunis Manal
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In light of COVID-19 and its subsequent disruptions, along with simultaneous changes and transformations taking place, job insecurity (JI) is significantly heightened among employees. This study aims to analyze how JI influences employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and whether positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and grit moderate this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the study hypotheses, data was gathered during COVID-19 via convenience sampling. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and Excel MegaStat.

Findings

The empirical data shows that qualitative JI has a negative relationship with OCB. PsyCap and grit moderate the relationship between both JI dimensions and OCB.

Practical implications

Managers can alleviate JI in the workplace by promoting PsyCap and grit among employees, both of which will sustain and promote OCB, even during difficult times.

Originality/value

This study bridges the gap in the literature regarding the impact of JI on employees’ OCB during the pandemic. This study also adds to the limited number of studies exploring personal resources as potential moderators between JI and organization citizenship behavior.
Sustainable intensification practices of fish-rice co-culture in Java, Indonesia: technical, socio-economic and environmental features
Authors: Mariyono Joko
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Rice agroecosystems must grow sustainably to meet the increasing demand for food. A fish-rice co-culture was introduced to conserve rice agroecosystems in farming communities. This study aims to assess the technical, socio-economic and environmental outcomes as the pillars of sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to assess a sustainable intensification programme's impact on sustainability. Data were collected using group discussions and self-assessment surveys. The study sites cover East Java and West Java provinces.

Findings

This study found that rice-fish co-culture improved the sustainability of the farming system. Farmers applied pest and disease management and partially substituted inorganic fertilisers with organic ones. The outcomes were apparent in the diversity of harvested products. Economically, the rice yield increased, the production costs decreased and the resultant increased income. Environmentally, the fish-rice co-culture was sound because of ecological inputs. The population of natural enemies of pests increased. Socially, fish-rice co-culture was acceptable to the community since there was no conflict with the local governments, local norms and religions and the existing farming practices of other crops.

Research limitations/implications

This study was based on five groups as case studies, such that the result might not represent the general condition.

Originality/value

The study's methodology was supported by valid economic theories and data directly gathered from farmers.
Identity transition process: a study of the holistic wellness retreat experience
Authors: Lyulicheva Margarita , Yap Sheau Fen , Hyde Ken
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Wellness tourism offers opportunities for consumers to explore the self. This paper aims to explore how identity transitions occur in a liminal tourism space – a holistic wellness retreat.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt a qualitative methodology, including in-depth semi-structured interviews supplemented by various projective techniques. Following an interpretivist approach, eight consumers were interviewed at the commencement and the completion of a holistic wellness retreat stay. Participant observation was also undertaken during the retreat programme.

Findings

The paper shows an identity transition is facilitated by the liminal space of the holistic wellness retreat and further shaped by self-work during the retreat. As participants gain new knowledge on the self and start living “consciously”, they gain a sense of vision, clarity and direction to a new self, wherein identity transition is a starting point and a process of change rather than an end goal.

Originality/value

While much past research views tourism activities as mainly “play”, the findings reveal the holistic wellness retreat experiences as both identity play and identity work. This paper provides theoretical insights into the process from identity play to identity work and what makes this process effective for identity transition.
Finding the missing: using statement analysis to assist in missing persons cases
Authors: Richards Yasmin , McClish Mark , Keatley David
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the complexity of missing persons cases and highlight the linguistic differences that arise in this type of crime. Missing persons cases are typically very complex investigations. Without a body, crime scene forensics is not possible, and police are often left only with witness and suspect statements. Forensic linguistics methods may help investigators to prioritise or remove suspects. There are many competing approaches in forensic linguistic analysis; however, there is limited empirical research available on emerging methods.

Design/methodology/approach

This research investigates Statement Analysis, a recent development in linguistic analysis that has practical applications in criminal investigations. Real-world statements of individuals convicted of or found to be not guilty of their involvement in missing persons cases were used in the analyses. In addition, Behaviour Sequence Analysis was used to map the progressions of language in the suspects' statements.

Findings

Results indicated differences between the guilty and innocent individuals based on their language choices, for example, guilty suspects in missing [alive] cases were found more likely to use passive language and vague words because of high levels of cognitive load associated with the several types of guilty knowledge suspects in missing persons cases possess. Of particular interest is the use of untruthful words in the innocent suspects’ statements in missing [murdered] cases. While typically seen in deceptive statements, untruthful words in innocent statements may result because of false acquittals.

Originality/value

This research provides some support for Statement Analysis as a suitable approach to analysing linguistic statements in missing persons cases.
Time-varying preferences for ESG investments: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Cho Eunyoung
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to examine the time-varying preferences for environment, social and corporate governance (ESG) investing in an emerging market. The investors seek ESG-conscious investments during a positive economic outlook, reflecting the time-varying nature of ESG demand. Specifically, the author shows that high-ESG stocks have negative abnormal returns during bad economic times but turn into positive abnormal returns in good economic times. The author also suggests that the alpha spread between high-ESG and low-ESG stocks is larger in good economic times than in bad times. Furthermore, individual investors prefer high ESG scoring stocks in good economic times. The author highlights that this ESG premium is shaped by economic projection and the households' financial wealth.
When monetary profit maximization does not rule: historical analysis of English Quakers and the role of religious institutional logic
Authors: Bruton Garry D. , Sheng Naiheng
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper examines the limitations on monetary profit maximization assumption in Quaker businesses, historically one of England's most successful set of business people. This view challenges the central theoretical assumptions of management and strategic entrepreneurship by demonstrating the influence of religious institutional logic over the profit maximization drive in business.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a historical analysis of Quaker religious institutional logic, the authors demonstrate how Quakers’ religious logic of simplicity in lifestyle and equality of all people led, in turn, to actions by Quaker businesses that limited the monetary profit maximizing for their businesses. Such actions are consistent with the Quakers’ belief that linked their business activities to their religious beliefs.

Findings

The present analysis shows that English Quakers had specific beliefs, enforced by the group’s willingness to expel members that limited monetary profit maximization among Quaker businesses. Thus, the authors challenge the typical assumptions of business scholars by demonstrating that business entities can succeed economically even when they do not embrace profit maximization as their core element. This paradoxical finding has the potential to significantly expand management and strategic entrepreneurship theory.

Originality/value

The authors discuss how religious logic can replace profit maximization as a foundation for business. This insight enriches not only the understanding of business but also of religious institutional logic. Finally, the authors address the call for greater use of historical analysis in the management literature.
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” AI-text generators as explained by ChatGPT
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this column is to provide a foundational understanding of the technology behind ChatGPT, the chatbot released by OpenAI that has suddenly generated headlines on the topic. Text is foundational to modern communication.

Design/methodology/approach

This was written almost entirely through asking ChatGPT questions and verifying the answers along with some light editing.

Findings

This column summarizes the deep learning model that makes ChatGPT function, as well as some of its key features such as its use of attention mechanisms and transformer architecture that allow its responses to focus on the right concepts. It also explores some of the potential controversies around this technology, with an emphasis on bias and false information.

Originality/value

For information professionals having a foundation for understanding these concepts will continue to be relevant into the future.
Researching the sacred: a conversation with Samuelson Appau, Russ Belk and Diego Rinallo
Authors: Moufahim Mona , Rodner Victoria , El Jurdi Hounaida , Appau Samuelson , Belk Russell , Rinallo Diego
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Once the domain of theologians, sociologists and (religion) anthropologists, we have seen more recently how consumer researchers have enriched the study of spirituality and religion. Researching the sacred can be fraught with challenges, in and out of the field. Russell Belk, Samuelson Appau and Diego Rinallo address key questions, issues and conceptualisations in the scholarship on sacred consumption, contemplating the past and mapping future research avenues. A reading list is also included for those interested in joining the authors in this collective discovery of the sacred.

Design/methodology/approach

Contributors answered the following four questions: How has the study of sacred consumption evolved since you started researching the field? What would be the critical methodological issues that researchers need to consider when approaching the “sacred”? What are some of the key authors that have influenced your thinking? What do you think will be the key questions that researchers will need to focus on?

Findings

Rinallo, Belk and Appau’s reflections on studying the sacred provide food for thought for both novice and weathered researchers alike. Researching the sacred both shapes and is shaped by our positionality: by our insider/outsider status, our gender and race and our cosmovisions as believers or sceptics. Researchers should be mindful and reflective of their subject positionings as they approach, enter and leave the field. Researching the sacred requires an open mind as we broaden our vision of what constitutes the sacred. Such research calls for scholarly as well as phenomenological curiosity. Reading widely and across disciplines to better familiarise ourselves with our sacred context helps to craft novel and meaningful research.

Originality/value

This paper provides a multivocal genealogy of consumer culture work on religion and spirituality, methodological advice and reading resources for researchers.
Optimization of dimensional accuracy and surface roughness in m-SLA using response surface methodology
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Jain Abhas , Chaudhary Prachi , Gupta Rishabh , Mali Harlal Singh
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of printed masked stereolithography (m-SLA) parts. The fabricated specimens of photosensitive polymer resin have complex shapes and various features. The influence of four process parameters of m-SLA, including layer height, exposure time, light-off delay and print orientation, is studied on response characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology is used to examine the effect of process parameters on the shrinkage of various geometrical dimensions like diameter, length, width, and height of different features in a complex shape. Additionally, a multi-response optimization has been carried out using the desirability function to minimize the surface roughness and printing time and maximize the dimensional accuracy.

Findings

The layer height and print orientation influence the surface roughness of parts. An increase in layer height results in increased surface roughness, and the orientation parallel to the z-axis of the machine gives the highest surface roughness. The dimensional accuracy of m-SLA parts is influenced by layer height, exposure time, and print orientation. Although not significant in dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, the light-off delay can affect printing time apart from other parameters like layer height and print orientation.

Originality/value

The effect of layer height and print orientation on dimensional accuracy, printing time, and surface roughness is investigated by researchers using simple shapes in other vat photopolymerization techniques. The present work is focused on studying the effect of these parameters and additional parameters like light-off delay in complicated geometrical parts in m-SLA.
Fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing in surgical robots: a review
Authors: Jiang Qi , Li Jihua , Masood Danish
Published: March 2023

Purpose

With the increasing development of the surgical robots, the opto-mechatronic technologies are more potential in the robotics system optimization. The optic signal plays an important role in opto-mechatronic systems. This paper aims to present a review of the research status on fiber-optic-based force and shape sensors in surgical robots.

Design/methodology/approach

Advances of fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing techniques in the past 20 years are investigated and summarized according to different surgical requirement and technical characteristics. The research status analysis and development prospects are discussed.

Findings

Compared with traditional electrical signal conduction, the phototransduction provides higher speed transmission, lower signal loss and the immunity to electromagnetic interference in robot perception. Most importantly, more and more advanced optic-based sensing technologies are applied to medical robots in the past two decades because the prominence is magnetic resonance imaging compatibility. For medical robots especially, fiber-optic sensing technologies can improve working security, manipulating accuracy and provide force and shape feedback to surgeon.

Originality/value

This is a new perspective. This paper mainly researches the application of optical fiber sensor according to different surgeries which is beneficial to learn the great potential of optical fiber sensor in surgical robots. By enumerating the research progress of medical robots in optimization design, multimode sensing and advanced materials, the development tendency of fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing technologies in surgical robots is prospected.
Opting out of the city: lifestyle migrations, alternative education, and the pursuit of happiness among Chinese middle‐class families
Authors: Friedman Sara L.
Published: March 2023

This article responds to calls among anthropologists to attend to the aspirational qualities of life pursuits by respecting idealized life visions and acknowledging the suggestiveness of living otherwise. It follows a cohort of formerly urban middle‐class Chinese families that have chosen to ‘opt out’ of their successful city lives to pursue alternative lifestyles and education for their children in China's rural southwest. Drawing on literatures about voluntary lifestyle migrations and alternative parenting and education, I show how these families construct meaningful social worlds through class histories, family ideals, and presentist temporalities that deviate from Western class formation and neoliberal constructions of self defined by individualistic identity pursuits. Through analysing a configuration of self and sociality that emphasizes the family and routes parental self‐aspirations through children, the article deepens our understanding of child‐centredness as a key feature of Chinese lifestyle migrations. It shows how quests for ‘the good life’ take shape through diverse sociohistorical and familial contexts with their own temporal orientations and life politics.
Patterns of maternal gestational weight gain in association with allergic diseases in offspring: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Lixia , Chen Xi , Huang Li , Zhong Chunrong , Wu Meng , Wang Weiming , Wang Huanzhuo , Yang Sen , Cao Xiyu , Xiong Guoping , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Sun Guoqiang , Yang Nianhong
Published: March 2023

Objective

To evaluate the association between patterns of gestational weight gain (GWG) and allergic diseases in offspring.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Prenatal clinics in Wuhan, China.

Population

A cohort of 2546 mother and offspring pairs were enrolled before 16 weeks of gestation and followed up to 24 months postpartum.

Methods

Maternal body weights were measured regularly during pregnancy, and their GWG patterns were estimated using the growth mixture model. Robust Poisson models were used to evaluate relative risk (RR) and 95% CI after multivariable adjustment.

Main outcome measures

Offspring atopic allergy and allergic contact dermatitis were defined according to a physician's diagnosis reported by the mother, and food allergy was reported by the mother.

Results

Three GWG patterns were identified: 18.1% (461) of the women were described as pattern 1, characterised by rapid GWG earlier in pregnancy; 56.6% (1442) of the women were described as pattern 2, with steady GWG throughout pregnancy; and 25.3% (643) of the women was described as pattern 3, with rapid GWG later in pregnancy. By the age of 24 months, 360 (14.1%), 109 (4.3%) and 757 (29.7%) offspring had atopic allergy, allergic contact dermatitis or food allergy, respectively. Compared with women in GWG pattern 2, the RRs (95% CIs) among women in pattern 1 were 0.74 (0.55–0.99) for atopic allergy, 0.64 (0.36–1.15) for allergic contact dermatitis and 0.95 (0.81–1.12) for food allergy.

Conclusions

Maternal GWG pattern characterised by rapid GWG earlier in pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of atopic allergy in offspring.
More long‐term care for better healthcare and vice versa: investigating the mortality effects of interactions between these public sectors
Authors: Longo Francesco , Claxton Karl , Martin Stephen , Lomas James
Published: March 2023

Public healthcare (HC) and long‐term care (LTC) sectors coexist in several OECD countries. Economic interactions between these two sectors have been found to occur even in the absence of formal integrated care arrangements. We investigate whether and how interactions between the HC and LTC sectors impact mortality. We analyse data on English local authorities in 2014–15 and employ a sequence of cross‐sectional econometric specifications based on instrumental variables to identify the effect that LTC expenditure has on mortality through its interactions with HC services, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that any effect of LTC expenditure on mortality is likely to run through the HC sector by allowing the latter to reallocate resources from less to more effective services. A 10 per cent increase in LTC expenditure per user can indirectly save, on average, about three lives per million individuals. In addition, on top of the known HC direct mortality effects, we find that investing an extra £42 million in the HC sector – equivalent to a 10 per cent increase in HC expenditure per capita for the average local authority – can decrease the use of LTC services, producing around £7.8 million of savings. These can generate mortality effects if invested in services having an impact on mortality.
The association between geriatric nutritional risk index variability and mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Yıldırım Filiz , Uzun Ozcan , Nasuhbeyoglu Guler , Narlioglu Aslihan , Bildacı Yelda Deligöz , Cavdar Caner , Deger Serpil Muge
Published: March 2023

Background

The objective of this study is to examine the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and overall mortality in this population.

Methods

GNRI values were calculated by using the serum albumin levels and body weight and the GNRI variability reflects the changes in GNRI change slopes in the follow‐up.

Results

GNRI values showed a decrease from the median baseline GNRI of 106.3 (IQR, 95.0,113.4) to 98.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 91.9108.9) (p < 0.001). The median GNRI variability was 4.7 (IQR, 2.5, 10.3). Both baseline GNRI levels (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 0.99, p = 0.04) and more profoundly GNRI variability (adjusted OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.44, p = 0.03) were independently associated with mortality.

Conclusion

The monitorization of the changes in GNRI values as a variability index is an easy tool that might improve the predictive accuracy of mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Exploring the mechanism of browning of Rosa roxburghii juice based on nontargeted metabolomics
Authors: Xu Fangyan , Zhu Yuping , Lu Mintao , Zhao Degang , Qin Likang , Ren Tingyuan
Published: March 2023

To explore the mechanism of Rosa roxburghii juice browning, this experiment was based on nontargeted metabolomics to study the effects of browning on the nutrition, flavor, metabolites, and metabolic pathways of R. roxburghii juice before and after storage. The results showed that the total soluble solids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C (VC), total phenol, and total flavonoid of R. roxburghii juice decreased significantly before and after storage. The color difference value ∆E, browning index, and flavor and taste of R. roxburghii juice changed significantly (p < 0.05). A total of 541 metabolites were detected before and after browning of R. roxburghii juice by nontargeted metabolomics, including 435 differential metabolites, of which 221 were upregulated, and 214 were downregulated. The differential metabolites were mainly amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, and carbohydrate conjugates. There were a total of 76 metabolic pathways enriched by differential metabolites, involving mainly galactose metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. The experimental results showed that after browning of R. roxburghii juice, VC, total phenol, total flavonoid, and SOD activity were seriously lost, and the flavor deteriorated. The contribution of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways to the browning of R. roxburghii juice was sugar metabolism > amino acid metabolism > ascorbate and aldarate metabolism > phenols.
Plastid Genome Assembly Using Long‐read data
Authors: Zhou Wenbin , Armijos Carolina E. , Lee Chaehee , Lu Ruisen , Wang Jeremy , Ruhlman Tracey A. , Jansen Robert K. , Jones Alan M. , Jones Corbin D.
Published: March 2023

Although plastid genome (plastome) structure is highly conserved across most seed plants, investigations during the past two decades have revealed several disparately related lineages that experienced substantial rearrangements. Most plastomes contain a large inverted repeat and two single‐copy regions, and a few dispersed repeats; however, the plastomes of some taxa harbour long repeat sequences (>300 bp). These long repeats make it challenging to assemble complete plastomes using short‐read data, leading to misassemblies and consensus sequences with spurious rearrangements. Single‐molecule, long‐read sequencing has the potential to overcome these challenges, yet there is no consensus on the most effective method for accurately assembling plastomes using long‐read data. We generated a pipeline,plastidGenomeAssemblyUsingLong‐read data (ptGAUL), to address the problem of plastome assembly using long‐read data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) or Pacific Biosciences platforms. We demonstrated the efficacy of the ptGAUL pipeline using 16 published long‐read data sets. We showed that ptGAUL quickly produces accurate and unbiased assemblies using only ~50× coverage of plastome data. Additionally, we deployed ptGAUL to assemble four newJuncus(Juncaceae) plastomes using ONT long reads. Our results revealed many long repeats and rearrangements inJuncusplastomes compared with basal lineages of Poales. The ptGAUL pipeline is available on GitHub:https://github.com/Bean061/ptgaul.
Manager narcissism, target difficulty, and employee dysfunctional behavior
Authors: Shang Ruidi , Wang Zhichao (Alex) , Zu Yafei
Published: March 2023

We examine whether managers' narcissism explains the difficulty of the performance targets that they set for their subordinate employees and the resulting dysfunctional behaviors of these employees. Utilizing a field‐based data set and a government policy change that imposes higher performance standards, we document both direct and indirect associations between manager narcissism and employee dysfunctional behavior. In particular, we find that managers with a higher degree of narcissism respond to the higher performance standards by setting more difficult targets for their subordinates, which in turn lead to more employee dysfunctional behaviors. Furthermore, after controlling for the effect of target difficulty, we find that manager narcissism also has a direct positive association with employee dysfunctional behavior. Our findings contribute to the management accounting literature by documenting that narcissism, a personality trait that is ubiquitous among managers, plays an important role in affecting managers' control choices and the dysfunctional behaviors of lower‐level employees.
Musical preferences of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: A participatory design with proxies
Authors: Rushton Rosie , Kossyvaki Lila , Terlektsi Emmanouela
Published: March 2023

Background

Inclusive research advocates for the involvement of people with intellectual disabilities to be more than passive participants within the research process.

Methods

This study used a participatory design with proxies to consult with 13 people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, on their musical preferences. Four instrumental listening tracks were created for consideration. The expected outcome was that people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities would contribute to the codesign and development of a Musical Play framework. The study took place in England.

Findings

Proxy reports suggested that elements of music such as the tempo, tonality and instrumentation influenced the participants' responses. Responses were mixed across all tracks, indicating that the musical preferences of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities are variable and individualised.

Conclusion

Further exploration of how people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can contribute to inclusive research is recommended.
Surface‐Only Dynamic Deformables using a Boundary Element Method
Authors: Sugimoto R. , Batty C. , Hachisuka T.
Published: March 2023

We propose a novel surface‐only method for simulating dynamic deformables without the need for volumetric meshing or volumetric integral evaluations. While based upon a boundary element method (BEM)for linear elastodynamics, our method goes beyond simple adoption of BEM by addressing several of its key limitations. We alleviate large displacement artifacts due to linear elasticity by extending BEM with a moving reference frame and surface‐only fictitious forces, so that it only needs to handle deformations. To reduce memory and computational costs, we present a simple and practical method to compress the series of dense matrices required to simulate propagation of elastic waves over time. Furthermore, we explore a constraint enforcement mechanism and demonstrate the applicability of our method to general computer animation problems, such as frictional contact.
Neural3Points: Learning to Generate Physically Realistic Full‐body Motion for Virtual Reality Users
Authors: Ye Yongjing , Liu Libin , Hu Lei , Xia Shihong
Published: March 2023

Animating an avatar that reflects a user's action in the VR world enables natural interactions with the virtual environment. It has the potential to allow remote users to communicate and collaborate in a way as if they met in person. However, a typical VR system provides only a very sparse set of up to three positional sensors, including a head‐mounted display (HMD) and Optionally two hand‐held controllers, making the estimation of the user's full‐body movement a difficult problem. In this work, we present a data‐driven physics‐based method for predicting the realistic full‐body movement of the user according to the transformations of these VR trackers and simulating an avatar character to mimic such user actions in the virtual world in realtime. We train our system using reinforcement learning with carefully designed pretraining processes to ensure the success of the training and the quality of the simulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with an extensive set of examples.
Interaction Mix and Match: Synthesizing Close Interaction using Conditional Hierarchical GAN with Multi‐Hot Class Embedding
Authors: Goel Aman , Men Qianhui , Ho Edmond S. L.
Published: March 2023

Synthesizing multi‐character interactions is a challenging task due to the complex and varied interactions between the characters. In particular, precise spatiotemporal alignment between characters is required in generating close interactions such as dancing and fighting. Existing work in generating multi‐character interactions focuses on generating a single type of reactive motion for a given sequence which results in a lack of variety of the resultant motions. In this paper, we propose a novel way to create realistic human reactive motions which are not presented in the given dataset by mixing and matching different types of close interactions. We propose a Conditional Hierarchical Generative Adversarial Network with Multi‐Hot Class Embedding to generate the Mix and Match reactive motions of the follower from a given motion sequence of the leader. Experiments are conducted on both noisy (depth‐based) and high‐quality (MoCap‐based) interaction datasets. The quantitative and qualitative results show that our approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods on the given datasets. We also provide an augmented dataset with realistic reactive motions to stimulate future research in this area.
Out‐of‐core Extraction of Curve Skeletons for Large Volumetric Models
Authors: Chu Yiyao , Wang Wencheng
Published: March 2023

Existing methods for skeleton extraction have limitations in terms of the amount of memory space available, as the model must be allocated to the random access memory. This challenges the treatment of out‐of‐core models. Although applying out‐of‐core simplification methods to the model can fit in memory, this would induce distortion of the model surface, and so causing the skeleton to be off‐centered or changing the topological structure. In this paper, we propose an efficient out‐of‐core method for extracting skeletons from large volumetric models. The method takes a volumetric model as input and first computes an out‐of‐core distance transform. With the distance transform, we generate a medial mesh to capture the prominent features for skeleton extraction, which significantly reduces the data size and facilitates the process of large models. At last, we contract the medial mesh in an out‐of‐core fashion to generate the skeleton. Experimental results show that our method can efficiently extract high‐quality curve skeletons from large volumetric models with small memory usage.