bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review—Drag Coefficients of Non-Spherical and Irregularly Shaped Particles
Authors: Michaelides Efstathios E. , Feng Zhigang
Published: February 2023

The knowledge of simple and relatively accurate closure equations for the drag coefficients of nonspherical particles is very important for Eulerian multiphase numerical codes that require such inputs for the solution of the momentum equation. However, the existing correlations for the drag coefficients are laden with high uncertainty, which propagates in the numerical results. This review paper examines critically the state of our knowledge of the drag coefficients of nonspherical particles starting with our understanding of the “size” and “shape” of particles. Lengthscales and other parameters that have been used to characterize sizes of nonspherical particles are presented. Shape factors and shape descriptors that have been used in past correlations are also presented together with an appraisal of their applicability. Several correlations that have been developed for the determination of the drag coefficients of nonspherical particles with regular and irregular shapes are also presented together with available information on their accuracy and applicability. Based on the review of the available correlations general recommendations are offered on the use of the correlations as closure equations and inputs in computatioal fluid dynamics (CFD) codes.
Describing mechanical damage evolution through in situ electrical resistance measurements
Authors: Gebhart David D. , Krapf Anna , Merle Benoit , Gammer Christoph , Cordill Megan J.
Published: February 2023

The fatigue properties of metallizations used as electrical conductors in flexible electronic devices have been thoroughly studied over the years. Most studies use time-intensive characterization methods to evaluate mechanical damage. For their ease of access, in situ electrical resistance measurements are often performed along with other characterization methods. However, the data are mostly used as an indicator of failure and a thorough analysis is usually missing. This work presents some deeper analysis methods of such datasets, using gold films on polyimide, with and without a chromium interlayer, revealing that grain growth, through-thickness cracking, and more general fatigue behavior can be determined from electrical resistance data alone. A case is made for increased utilization of such easily obtained data, reducing the time required for the evaluation of experiments.
Alternatives to moments for characterizing fricatives: Reconsidering Forrest et al. (1988)
Authors: Shadle Christine H.
Published: February 2023

Means of characterizing acoustic signals of fricatives with a few parameters have long been sought. When Forrest, Weismer, Milenkovic, and Dougall [(1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 115–123] described their system of treating spectra as probability density functions and computing the first four spectral moments, others quickly adopted their clearly described method, although it did not distinguish /f/ and /θ/. Various problems with their method are described, including the lack of spectral averaging, the necessity of normalizing the amplitude, and correlation between pairs of moments. Even when these issues are rectified by alternative methods, the fact remains that moments are not ideal descriptors because they can only describe departures from the shape of a normal Gaussian distribution. Fricative spectra, particularly of non-sibilants, are often quite dissimilar in shape from Gaussians. Furthermore, shape descriptors do not lend themselves to direct inferences about the production variables that caused the acoustic effects. Here, alternative parameters are defined, it is shown how to adapt them to specific experimental conditions, and tests of efficacy are proposed. These parameters are strongly linked to the articulatory and aerodynamic variables that underlie fricative production.
Homogeneous Environmental Selection Structures the Bacterial Communities of Benthic Biofilms in Proglacial Floodplain Streams
Authors: Brandani Jade , Peter Hannes , Fodelianakis Stilianos , Kohler Tyler J. , Bourquin Massimo , Michoud Grégoire , Busi Susheel Bhanu , Ezzat Leila , Lane Stuart , Battin Tom J.
Published: February 2023

Streams draining proglacial floodplains harbor benthic biofilms comprised of diverse microbial communities. These high-mountain ecosystems are rapidly changing with climate warming, and it is therefore critical to better understand the mechanisms underlying the assembly of their microbial communities.
Improved 2α-Hydroxylation Efficiency of Steroids by CYP154C2 Using Structure-Guided Rational Design
Authors: Gao Qilin , Ma Bingbing , Wang Qianwen , Zhang Hao , Fushinobu Shinya , Yang Jian , Lin Susu , Sun Keke , Han Bing-Nan , Xu Lian-Hua
Published: February 2023

Hydroxylated derivatives of steroids play essential roles in medicine. Cytochrome P450 enzymes selectively hydroxylate methyne groups on steroids, which can dramatically change their polarity, biological activity and toxicity.
Agnostic Sequencing for Detection of Viral Pathogens
Authors: Gauthier Nick P. G. , Chorlton Samuel D. , Krajden Mel , Manges Amee R.
Published: February 2023

The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has expanded our ability to detect and analyze microbial genomes and has yielded novel molecular approaches for infectious disease diagnostics. While several targeted multiplex PCR and NGS-based assays have been widely used in public health settings in recent years, these targeted approaches are limited in that they still rely on
a priori
knowledge of a pathogen’s genome, and an untargeted or unknown pathogen will not be detected.
Antibodies Targeting the Cell Wall Induce Protection against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis Infection
Authors: Qu Mengjin , Liang Zhengmin , Chen Yulan , Wang Yuanzhi , Wang Haoran , Liu Ziyi , Liu Yiduo , Dong Yuhui , Ge Xin , Li Hao , Zhou Xiangmei
Published: February 2023

M. bovis
is the causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB) and human TB. Research on
M. bovis
is of great public health significance.
High-Resolution 3D Genome Map of Brucella Chromosomes in Exponential and Stationary Phases
Authors: Huang Yong-Fang , Liu Lin , Wang Fei , Yuan Xin-Wei , Chen Huan-Chun , Liu Zheng-Fei
Published: February 2023

The spatial structure of chromatin plays important roles in normal cell functions and in the regulation of gene expression. Three-dimensional genome sequencing has been performed in many mammals and plants, but the availability of such data for bacteria, especially intracellular pathogens, is still limited.
Habitual physical activity levels of adults with heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jordan Cara , Charman Sarah J , Batterham Alan Mark , Flynn Darren , Houghton David , Errington Linda , MacGowan Guy , Avery Leah
Published: February 2023

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify habitual physical activity (PA) levels of patients with heart failure (HF) and assess the quality of reporting of device-assessed PA.

Methods

Eight electronic databases were searched up to 17 November 2021. Data on the study and population characteristics, method of PA measurement and PA metrics were extracted. A random-effects meta-analysis (restricted maximum likelihood with Knapp-Hartung SE adjustment) was conducted.

Results

Seventy-five studies were included in the review (n=7775 patients with HF). Meta-analysis was restricted to mean steps per day, encompassing 27 studies (n=1720 patients with HF). Pooled mean steps per day were 5040 (95% CI: 4272 to 5807). The 95% prediction interval for mean steps per day in a future study was 1262 to 8817. Meta-regression at the study level revealed that a 10-year increment in the mean age of patients was associated with 1121 fewer steps per day (95% CI: 258 to 1984).

Conclusions

Patients with HF are a low-active population. These findings have implications for the way in which PA is targeted in patients with HF, and interventions should focus on addressing the age-related decline observed as well as increasing PA to improve HF symptoms and quality of life.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020167786.
Association of infection withToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraon cognitive function among US adults aged 60 and over, NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Kruszon-Moran Deanna , Brody Debra , Pearce Bradley
Published: February 2023

Background

Toxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraare common parasites that infect humans globally. Our aim was to examine the relationship betweenT. gondiiandToxocarainfection and cognition.

Methods

Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association ofT. gondiiandToxocaraseropositivity on indices of cognitive function (a word list learning trial with delayed recall from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease, an animal fluency test (AFT) and a digit symbol substitution test (DSST)) among 2643 adults aged 60 years and older in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results

Seropositivity toT. gondiiorToxocarawere both associated with lower scores in all three cognitive function measures examined in univariate analyses. Except for the DSST, these associations were not significant after adjustment for age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, poverty level, education, US birth status, depression and hypertension. On stratification to account for significant interactions,Toxocaraseropositivity was associated with worse scores on the AFT among those born outside the USA, worse scores on the DSST among those aged 60–69 years, female, Hispanic and with a high school diploma or less. Lower DSST scores withToxocarainfection was greater for adults living below compared with at or above the poverty level.

Conclusions

Seropositivity to these parasites, particularly toToxocara, may be associated with diminished cognitive performance in certain subgroups of older adults.
Update of penetrance estimates in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Bruinsma Fiona Jane , Dowty James G , Win Aung Ko , Goddard Laura C , Agrawal Prachi , Attina' Domenico , Bissada Nabil , De Luise Monica , Eisen Daniel B , Furuya Mitsuko , Gasparre Giuseppe , Genuardi Maurizio , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Hansen Thomas Van Overeem , Houweling Arjan C , Johannesma Paul Christiaan , Lencastre André , Lim Derek , Lindor Noralane M , Luzzi Valentina , Lynch Maeve , Maffé Antonella , Menko Fred H , Michels Guido , Pulido Jose S , Ryu Jay H , Sattler Elke C , Steinlein Ortrud K , Tomassetti Sara , Tucker Kathy , Turchetti Daniela , van de Beek Irma , van Riel Lore , van Steensel Maurice , Zenone Thierry , Zompatori Maurizo , Walsh Jennifer , Bondavalli Davide , Maher Eamonn R , Winship Ingrid M ,   Genetic Susceptibility Working Group I-CONFIRM
Published: February 2023

Background

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome caused by pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in theFLCNgene. Patients with BHD syndrome have an increased risk of fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts, pneumothorax and renal cell carcinoma. There is debate regarding whether colonic polyps should be added to the criteria. Previous risk estimates have mostly been based on small clinical case series.

Methods

A comprehensive review was conducted to identify studies that had recruited families carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants inFLCN. Pedigree data were requested from these studies and pooled. Segregation analysis was used to estimate the cumulative risk of each manifestation for carriers ofFLCNpathogenic variants.

Results

Our final dataset contained 204 families that were informative for at least one manifestation of BHD (67 families informative for skin manifestations, 63 for lung, 88 for renal carcinoma and 29 for polyps). By age 70 years, male carriers of theFLCNvariant have an estimated 19% (95% CI 12% to 31%) risk of renal tumours, 87% (95% CI 80% to 92%) of lung involvement and 87% (95% CI 78% to 93%) of skin lesions, while female carriers had an estimated 21% (95% CI 13% to 32%) risk of renal tumours, 82% (95% CI 73% to 88%) of lung involvement and 78% (95% CI 67% to 85%) of skin lesions. The cumulative risk of colonic polyps by age 70 years old was 21% (95% CI 8% to 45%) for male carriers and 32% (95% CI 16% to 53%) for female carriers.

Conclusions

These updated penetrance estimates, based on a large number of families, are important for the genetic counselling and clinical management of BHD syndrome.
Heated tobacco products do not help smokers quit or prevent relapse: a longitudinal study in Japan
Authors: Odani Satomi , Tsuno Kanami , Agaku Israel T , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: February 2023

Background

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to help cigarette smokers quit. We investigated the link between HTP use and smoking cessation and relapse.

Methods

7044 adults (≥20 years old) with at least two observations over three waves (2019–2021) of a longitudinal, nationwide, internet-based survey were classified into current (past 30-day), former and never cigarette smokers. ≥1 month and ≥6 months smoking cessation and smoking relapse at 1-year follow-up were assessed in relation to current HTP use at baseline. Generalised estimating equation models were weighted to account for population differences between HTP users and non-users. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were computed within population subgroups.

Results

At baseline, 17.2%, 9.1% and 6.1% of the respondents were current cigarette smokers, HTP users and dual users, respectively. Among current established smokers (having smoked regularly, n=1910), HTP use was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of ≥1 month cessation within those who reported having used evidence-based cessation measures (APR=0.61), smoking 20+ cigarettes per day (APR=0.62), high school education or less (APR=0.73) and fair/poor health (APR=0.59). Negative associations were also seen for ≥6 months cessation among those aged 20–29 years (APR=0.56) and full-time workers (APR=0.56). Among former smokers (n=2906), HTP use was associated with smoking relapse within those who last smoked >1 year ago (APR=1.54), among women (APR=1.61), those aged 20–29 years (APR=2.09), those reporting high school education or less (APR=2.36), those who were unemployed/retired (AOR=3.31) and never/non-current alcohol users (APR=2.10).

Conclusion

HTP use did not help smokers quit or prevent former smokers from relapsing. HTPs should not be recommended as a cessation aid.
Cardioprotective effects of liraglutide pretreatment on isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats
Authors: Bajic Zorislava , Sobot Tanja , Uletilovic Snezana , Mandic-Kovacevic Nebojsa , Cvjetkovic Tanja , Malicevic Ugljesa , Djukanovic Djordje , Duran Mladen , Vesic Nikolina , Avram Sanja , Jovicic Sanja , Katana Maja , Matavulj Amela , Ponorac Nenad , Djuric Dragan M , Stojiljkovic Milos P , Skrbić Ranko
Published: February 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial injury. Due to their hypoglycemic effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are efficiently used for T2DM management. GLP-1RAs also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects and can improve cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, on isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. The study included four groups of animals. They were pretreated with saline for 10 days + saline on days 9 and 10 (control), saline for 10 days + isoprenaline on days 9 and 10 (isoprenaline group), liraglutide for 10 days + saline on days 9 and 10 (liraglutide group), and liraglutide for 10 days, and on days 9 and 10 isoprenaline was administered. This study evaluated ECG, myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress markers, and pathohistological changes. The results showed that liraglutide mitigated the isoprenaline-induced cardiac dysfunction recorded by ECG. Liraglutide reduced serum markers of myocardial injury such as high-sensitive troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, increased reduced glutathione level, and improved lipid profile. Liraglutide induced antioxidative protection and alleviated isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury.
Dynamics of unsteady Carreau fluid in a suspension of dust and hybrid solid particles with non-Fourier and Fourier fluxes
Authors: H. B Santhosh , Nagendramma V. , Durgaprasad P. , Mamatha S. U. , Raju C. S. K , Raju K. Vijaya Bhaskar
Published: February 2023

The use of heat transfers in heat exchangers, nuclear cooling, solar collectors, and electrical devices is crucial nowadays. Hybrid nanofluid can be used in these applications to get the best results because it encourages efficient heat transmission compared to conventional fluid. The effect of radiation and an unsteady Carreau hybrid fluid in addition to non-Fourier heat flux over a shrinking sheet is discussed in this paper. Using similarity transformations, the newly developed system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that are next numerically addressed by utilizing shooting approach and the Runge–Kutta (RK) method. Tables and graphs are used to present utilizing the computational findings for nondimensional temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate, and friction between fluid and hybrid nanoparticles. Additionally, for certain physical factors, the physical quantities in numerical values were also presented (such as the friction factor and local Nusselt number). We made a restricted case comparison between the current findings and the body of prior research. Our finding confirms that the temperature profile is strengthened by the heat generation parameter and the effect of radiation. The porosity parameter decelerates the momentum boundary layer thickness near the plate.
Multiple criterion optimization in milling of AISI H11 mold steel under MQL condition
Authors: Pham Van-Hung , Nguyen Thuy-Duong
Published: February 2023

In this investigation, the method of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is utilized in the procedure of finishing milling of AISI H11 steel instead of the conventional lubrication method. The variants are three three-level experimental cutting parameters, including [Formula: see text]-cutting speed, [Formula: see text]-feed per tooth, and [Formula: see text]-depth of cut. The responses are production rate (MRR, in mm3/min), cutting force ([Formula: see text], in N), and surface roughness ([Formula: see text], in [Formula: see text]m). The purpose of this study is to generate the mathematical regression models for the responses ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and MRR), and solve the multi-objective optimization problem to estimate the appropriate input parameters respecting the defined criteria for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and MRR. Experimental research was conducted with an experimental matrix designed by Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The experimental runs were executed on a 5-axis CNC machine tool, model DMU50. The desirability function (DF) method is used to resolve the problem of multi-attribute optimization. The results show that the optimum process variables include [Formula: see text] m/min, [Formula: see text] mm/tooth, [Formula: see text] mm, corresponding to [Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text] N, and [Formula: see text] mm3/min.
Visual Paraphrase Generation with Key Information Retained
Authors: Xie Jiayuan , Chen Jiali , Cai Yi , Huang Qingbao , Li Qing
Published: February 2023

Visual paraphrase generation task aims to rewrite a given image-related original sentence into a new paraphrase, where the paraphrase needs to have the same expressed meaning as the original sentence but have a difference in expression form. Existing studies mainly extract two semantic vectors to represent the entire image and the entire original sentence, respectively, for paraphrase generation. However, these semantic vectors for an image or a sentence may lead to the model failing to focus on some key objects in the original sentence, which may generate semantically inconsistent sentences by changing key object information. In this article, we propose an object-level paraphrase generation model, which generates paraphrases by adjusting the permutation of key objects and modifying their associated descriptions. To adjust the permutation of key objects, an object-sorting module aims to obtain new object sequences based on the key object information and original sentences. Then, a sequence generation module sequentially generates paraphrases based on the permutation of the newly object sequences. Each generation step focuses on different image features associated with different key objects to generate descriptions with differences. Furthermore, we use a semantic discriminator module to promote the generated paraphrase to be semantically close to the original sentence. Specifically, the loss function of the discriminator penalizes the excessive distance between the paraphrase and the original sentence. Extensive experiments on the MS COCO dataset show that the proposed model outperforms the baselines.
On Lexicographic Proof Rules for Probabilistic Termination
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Kafshdar Goharshady Ehsan , Novotný Petr , Zárevúcky Jiří , Žikelić Đorđe
Published: February 2023

We consider the almost-sure (a.s.) termination problem for probabilistic programs, which are a stochastic extension of classical imperative programs. Lexicographic ranking functions provide a sound and practical approach for termination of non-probabilistic programs, and their extension to probabilistic programs is achieved via lexicographic ranking supermartingales (LexRSMs). However, LexRSMs introduced in the previous work have a limitation that impedes their automation: all of their components have to be non-negative in all reachable states. This might result in a LexRSM not existing even for simple terminating programs. Our contributions are twofold. First, we introduce a generalization of LexRSMs that allows for some components to be negative. This standard feature of non-probabilistic termination proofs was hitherto not known to be sound in the probabilistic setting, as the soundness proof requires a careful analysis of the underlying stochastic process. Second, we present polynomial-time algorithms using our generalized LexRSMs for proving a.s. termination in broad classes of linear-arithmetic programs.
Energy Efficient and Secure Neural Network–based Disease Detection Framework for Mobile Healthcare Network
Authors: Alex Sona , K. J. Dhanaraj , P. P. Deepthi
Published: February 2023

Adopting mobile healthcare network (MHN) services such as disease detection is fraught with concerns about the security and privacy of the entities involved and the resource restrictions at the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. Hence, the essential requirements for disease detection services are to (i) produce accurate and fast disease detection without jeopardizing the privacy of health clouds and medical users and (ii) reduce the computational and transmission overhead (energy consumption) of the IoT devices while maintaining the privacy. For privacy preservation of widely used neural network– (NN) based disease detection, existing literature suggests either computationally heavy public key fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), or secure multiparty computation, with a large number of interactions. Hence, the existing privacy-preserving NN schemes are energy consuming and not suitable for resource-constrained IoT nodes in MHN. This work proposes a lightweight, fully homomorphic, symmetric key FHE scheme (SkFhe) to address the issues involved in implementing privacy-preserving NN. Based on SkFhe, widely used non-linear activation functions ReLU and Leaky ReLU are implemented over the encrypted domain. Furthermore, based on the proposed privacy-preserving linear transformation and non-linear activation functions, an energy-efficient, accurate, and privacy-preserving NN is proposed. The proposed scheme guarantees privacy preservation of the health cloud’s NN model and medical user’s data. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed solution dramatically reduces the overhead in communication and computation at the user side compared to the existing schemes. Moreover, the improved energy efficiency at the user is accomplished with reduced diagnosis time without sacrificing classification accuracy.
Effects on RF Performance for AlGaN/GaN HEMT on Si Substrate with AlGaN Buffer Engineering
Authors: Weng You-Chen , Hsu Heng-Tung , Tsao Yi-Fan , Panda Debashis , Huang Hsuan-Yao , Kao Min-Lu , Lan Yu-Pin , Chang Edward Yi , Lee Ching-Ting
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we demonstrate the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrate using an AlGaN back-barrier (BB) and super-lattice (SL) buffer to achieve high breakdown and low current collapse (CC) properties for Radio-frequency (RF) applications. The HEMTs also demonstrated low initial vertical leakage current, high thermal stability, and smaller drain-lag with reduced leakage currents as compared to the devices using step-graded (SG) AlGaN buffer. Also, the device showed improved RF performances with higher f

T
and f
max as compared to the devices with SG buffer.
Long-term effect of Toll-like receptor-2, -4, -5, -7 and NOD2 stimulation on Na+,K+-ATPase activity and expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Cosme Dina , Soares-da-Silva Patrício , Magro Fernando
Published: February 2023

Inappropriate activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD) is involved in many chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Altered function and/or expression of Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and epithelial ion channels are the main cause of electrolyte absorption imbalance in patients with IBD, leading to diarrhea. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TLRs and NOD2 stimulation upon NKA activity and expression in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and electrophysiology techniques. TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 activation inhibited NKA activity [(means ± SE) −20.0 ± 1.2%, −34.0 ± 1.5%, and −24.5 ± 2.0% in T84 cells; and −21.6 ± 7.4%, −37.7 ± 3.5%, and −11.0 ± 2.3% in Caco-2 cells]. On the other hand, activation of TLR5 increased NKA activity (16.2 ± 2.9% in T84 and 36.8 ± 5.2% in Caco-2 cells) and β1-NKA mRNA levels (21.8 ± 7.8% in T84 cells). The TLR4 agonist synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLAs) reduced α1-NKA mRNA levels in both T84 and Caco-2 cells (−28.5 ± 3.6% and −18.7 ± 2.8%), and this was accompanied by a decrease in α1-NKA protein expression (−33.4 ± 11.8% and −39.4 ± 11.2%). NOD2 activation upregulated NKA activity (12.2 ± 5.1%) and α1-NKA mRNA levels (6.8 ± 1.6%) in Caco-2 cells. In summary, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 activation induce downregulation of NKA in IECs, whereas TLR5 and NOD2 activation has the opposite effect. A comprehensive understanding of the cross talk between TLRs, NOD2, and NKA is of utmost relevance for developing better IBD treatments.
Rig1 receptor plays a critical role in cardiac reprogramming via YY1 signaling
Authors: Baksh Syeda S. , Hu Jiabiao , Pratt Richard E. , Dzau Victor J. , Hodgkinson Conrad P.
Published: February 2023

We discovered that innate immunity plays an important role in the reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. In this report, we define the role of a novel retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 Yin Yang 1 (Rig1:YY1) pathway. We found that fibroblast to cardiomyocyte reprogramming efficacy was enhanced by specific Rig1 activators. To understand the mechanism of action, we performed various transcriptomic, nucleosome occupancy, and epigenomic approaches. Analysis of the datasets indicated that Rig1 agonists had no effect on reprogramming-induced changes in nucleosome occupancy or loss of inhibitory epigenetic motifs. Instead, Rig1 agonists were found to modulate cardiac reprogramming by promoting the binding of YY1 specifically to cardiac genes. To conclude, these results show that the Rig1:YY1 pathway plays a critical role in fibroblast to cardiomyocyte reprogramming.
Ribavirin Treatment for Severe Schizophrenia with Anti-Borna Disease Virus 1 Antibodies 30 Years after Onset
Authors: Matsunaga Hidenori , Fukumori Akio , Mori Kohji , Morihara Takashi , Sato Shunsuke , Kitauchi Kyoko , Yanagida Kanta , Taguchi Kazumi , Honda Tomoyuki , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: February 2023

Objective. Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) was proven to cause fatal encephalitis in humans in 2018. However, the effects of persistent infections remain unclear. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a 30-year history of severe schizophrenia, who was exposed to fleas from stray cats prior to disease onset, suggesting the possibility of zoonosis including BoDV-1 infection. The patient had experienced significant social impairment, thought deterioration, delusions, and hallucinations for more than 20 years. Method. A radioligand assay was used to test the patient for IgG and IgM antibodies against BoDV-1 nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P). Based on the protocol for hepatitis C, we treated the patient with 400 mg/day ribavirin, which was later increased to 600 mg/day. Results. The serological examination revealed anti-BoDV-1 N IgG. Although only subtle changes were observed over the 24 weeks of treatment, the family noticed that the patient’s Cotard delusions had disappeared 7 months after completing the treatment, accompanied by some improvements in the relationship with the family. Conclusion. Though definite proof was not obtained, this presumed suppression of BoDV-1 by ribavirin leading to improvements in Cotard syndrome-like symptoms suggests that intractable schizophrenia might be one of the BoDV-1 infection phenotypes. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of persistent BoDV-1 infections in humans.
Transmission Line Condition Monitoring Method Based on Binocular Vision and Edge Computing for Line Changing Robot
Authors: Lu Zheng , Duan Jiazhen , Chen Xiaoqiang , Chen Yang
Published: February 2023

Efficient and accurate state detection of transmission cables is an important means to ensure reliable transmission. Aiming to realize fast and efficient transmission cable state analysis with the help of a binocular vision tool on a loop dismantling robot, this paper proposes a transmission cable state recognition method combining motion control and image segmentation technology. In this method, the fuzzy

P
I
D

control method is adopted to ensure that the wire removal robot can realize high-precision and rapid response control and effectively improve the collection quality of the cable image sample set. Meanwhile, aiming to achieve faster and more efficient data acquisition and state analysis, the state analysis model is sunk to the edge side, and the cable state detection and recognition model is constructed based on the fast RCNN model at the edge of the network to realize the in-depth extraction of feature information, enhance the transmission cable state recognition effect of the state detection model, and improve the response analysis speed of the model. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 97.54%, and its calculation time is 1.034 s, which can effectively realize the analysis and research of transmission cable state under complex working conditions.
The Cuproptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNA Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Song Kaichao , Zheng Wensheng
Published: February 2023

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranking as one of the most common malignant tumors, is one of the leading causes of cancer death, with a poor prognosis. Cuproptosis, a novel programmed cell death modality that has just been confirmed recently, may play an important role in HCC prognosis. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a key participant in tumorigenesis and immune responses. It may be of great significance to predict HCC based on cuproptosis genes and their related LncRNA. Methods. The sample data on HCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Combined with cuproptosis-related genes collected from the literature search, expression analysis was carried out to find cuproptosis genes and their related LncRNAs significantly expressed in HCC. The prognostic model was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression. The feasibility of these signature LncRNAs used for the evaluation of the overall survival rate in HCC patients as independent factors was investigated. The expression profile of cuproptosis, immune cell infiltration, and the status of somatic mutation were analyzed and compared. Results. A prognostic model of HCC consisting of seven cuproptosis gene-related LncRNA signatures was constructed. Multiple verification methods have showed that this model can accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients. It was showed that the classified high-risk group under the risk score of this model had worse survival status, more significant expression of the immune function, and higher mutation frequency. During the analysis, the cuproptosis gene CDKN2A was found to be most closely related to LncRNA DDX11-AS1 in the expression profile of HCC patients. Conclusion. The cuproptosis-related signature LncRNA in HCC was identified, on the basis of which a model was constructed, and it was verified that it can be used to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. The potential role of these cuproptosis-related signature LncRNAs as new targets for disease therapy in antagonizing HCC development was discussed.
Enhancer Coamplification and Hijacking Promote Oncogene Expression in Liposarcoma
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Juan , Yang Hongbo , Jin Qiushi , Wang Xiaotao , Fu Yihao , Luan Yu , Wang Qixuan , Youngblood Mark W. , Lu Xinyan , Casadei Lucia , Pollock Raphael , Yue Feng
Published: February 2023

Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in adults with two major subtypes, well differentiated and dedifferentiated. Both subtypes are characterized with the pathognomonic giant ring or marker chromosomes that harbor high copy numbers of known oncogenes. Here, we reported a comprehensive molecular characterization of both tumor and normal tissues from the same patients with LPS, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), transcriptome, enhancer landscape, and genome-wide three-dimensional (3D) genome structure by Hi-C. Tumor-specific transcripts and regulatory elements were identified, and enhancer coamplification and hijacking events were discovered as novel mechanisms upregulating oncogenes such as MDM2, CDK4, and HMGA2. Combining Hi-C, optical mapping, nanopore long reads, and WGS data partially resolved complex structural variations and reconstructed the local genome and the giant chromosome. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive resource for LPS research and offers insights into how altered enhancers and the 3D genome contribute to gene dysregulation in cancer.

Significance:

Comprehensive profiling of the enhancer landscape and 3D genome structure in liposarcoma identifies extensive enhancer-oncogene coamplification and enhancer hijacking events, deepening the understanding of how oncogenes are regulated in cancer.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Bound α-Fetoprotein Promotes Immune Suppression by Altering Human Dendritic Cell Metabolism
Authors: Munson Paul V. , Adamik Juraj , Hartmann Felix J. , Favaro Patricia M.B. , Ho Daniel , Bendall Sean C. , Combes Alexis J. , Krummel Matthew F. , Zhang Karen , Kelley Robin K. , Butterfield Lisa H.
Published: February 2023

α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is expressed by stem-like and poor outcome hepatocellular cancer tumors and is a clinical tumor biomarker. AFP has been demonstrated to inhibit dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation and to block oxidative phosphorylation. To identify the critical metabolic pathways leading to human DC functional suppression, here, we used two recently described single-cell profiling methods, scMEP (single-cell metabolic profiling) and SCENITH (single-cell energetic metabolism by profiling translation inhibition). Glycolytic capacity and glucose dependence of DCs were significantly increased by tumor-derived, but not normal cord blood–derived, AFP, leading to increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Key molecules in the electron transport chain in particular were regulated by tumor-derived AFP. These metabolic changes occurred at mRNA and protein levels, with negative impact on DC stimulatory capacity. Tumor-derived AFP bound significantly more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than cord blood–derived AFP. PUFAs bound to AFP increased metabolic skewing and promoted DC functional suppression. PUFAs inhibited DC differentiation in vitro, and ω-6 PUFAs conferred potent immunoregulation when bound to tumor-derived AFP. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how AFP antagonizes the innate immune response to limit antitumor immunity.

Significance:

α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a secreted tumor protein and biomarker with impact on immunity. Fatty acid–bound AFP promotes immune suppression by skewing human dendritic cell metabolism toward glycolysis and reduced immune stimulation.
A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines
Authors: DETORRE MARISSA , WILLIAMS JASON D. , BOYKO CHRISTOPHER B.
Published: February 2023

Entoniscid isopods (Entoniscidae) are obligate endoparasites of other crustacean species. They have an indirect lifestyle, usually with two hosts and multiple larval stages; as adults they are found living within decapod hosts. Hermit crabs were previously known to be definitive hosts of only two species of entoniscid parasites: Paguritherium alatum, from the east coast of the United States in Pagurus spp. and Diogenion vermifactus from the Red Sea in Diogenes senex. Little beyond the original descriptions of these species has been reported in the literature. Recently, two species of entoniscids were found parasitizing hermit crabs (mostly Calcinus spp.) collected from shallow water coral reef areas in the Philippines. The goal of this study was to describe the morphology of both the adult and larval stages of these entoniscids through light and scanning electron microscopy and compare them to the previously described species that infest hermit crabs. One of these entoniscids is tentatively identified as D. vermifactus, which infested 0.95% (5 of 527) of the hermit crabs sampled. All specimens of D. cf. vermifactus were found in the abdomens of specimens of Calcinus gaimardii, C. minutus, C. pulcher and Pagurojacquesia polymorpha. Examination of D. vermifactus shows that this taxon belongs in its own subfamily: Diogenioninae n. subfam. The second entoniscid is a new species of the genus Paguritherium and infested 0.94% (7 of 744) of the hermit crabs (C. gaimardii and C. latens) sampled. Females of P. manggagaway n. sp. are characterized by a highly vaulted head, a slender body and long pleopods and males by a blunt head and stump-like pereopods covered in scales; the new species can be distinguished from P. alatum based on the specialized fan-like setae on the first five pereopods of the epicaridium larvae. A key to all entoniscid genera is provided.
Precipitation Estimation Based on Infrared Data with a Spherical Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yi Lu , Gao Zhangyang , Shen Zhehui , Lin Haitao , Liu Zicheng , Ma Siqi , Wang Cunguang , Li Stan Z. , Li Ling
Published: February 2023

Precipitation is a vital process in the water cycle. Accurate estimation of the precipitation rate underpins the success of hydrological simulations, flood predictions, and water resource management. Satellite infrared (IR) data, with high temporal resolution and wide coverages, have been commonly used in precipitation inversion. However, existing IR-based precipitation retrieval algorithms suffer from various problems such as overestimation in dry regions, poor performance in extreme rainfall events, and reliance on an empirical cloud-top brightness–rain rate relationship. To resolve these problems, we construct a deep learning model using a spherical convolutional neural network to properly represent Earth’s spherical surface. With data input directly from IR bands 3, 4, and 6 of the operational Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), our new model of Precipitation Estimation based on IR data with Spherical Convolutional Neural Network (PEISCNN) was first trained and tested with a 3-month-long dataset, and then validated in a 2-yr period. Compared to the commonly used IR-based precipitation product PERSIANN-CCS (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks–Cloud Classification System), PEISCNN showed significant improvement in the metrics of POD, CSI, RMSE, and CC, especially in the dry region and for extreme rainfall events. Decomposed with the four-component error decomposition (4CED) method, the overestimation of PEISCNN was averaged 47.66% lower than the CCS at the hourly scale. The PEISCNN model may provide a promising way to produce an improved IR-based precipitation product to benefit a wide range of hydrological applications.

Significance Statement

An IR-based precipitation algorithm is irreplaceable in satellite precipitation inversion, since an IR sensor can provide observations of high frequency, fine temporal resolution, and wide coverage. Considering the spherical nature of Earth’s surface which has been overlooked in previous IR-based precipitation retrieval algorithms, we proposed a new deep learning model PEISCNN, which can address the problems that exist in IR-based precipitation estimations such as overestimation in dry regions, deficiency in extreme rainfall events, and reliance on the empirical cloud-top brightness–rain rate relationship. PEISCNN provides a new insight to improve the accuracy of the satellite IR-based or multisensor-based precipitation estimation, and it has great potential to benefit a range of related hydrological research, applications in water resource management, and flood predictions.
COVID-19, Creative Conflict, and the Seven Cs: A Social Diagnosis of Digital Communication Platforms for Gen Z/Gen T
Authors: Moles Katia , Robinson Laura , Levine Lloyd , Chiaraluce Cara
Published: February 2023

Adding to the work on creative conflict management that has been the object of organizational and management studies for the last several decades, we focus on a subset of Gen Z or “Generation Tech” (Gen T). This generation will be the first to instinctively and reflexively bring a “technology first” approach to their work practices including conflict resolution. Scholars of organizational communication identify the management of creative conflict as a prosocial process with important ramifications for organizational well-being. Taking a social diagnosis approach, we contribute to this growing literature by bringing it into dialogue with digital sociology and Gen Ters who are well-suited to use digital communication platforms (DCPs) like Teams and Slack to engage in creative conflict that benefits the well-being of organizations and their members. Our analysis shows that DCPs can encourage prosocial behaviors, when they (1) include nonsynchronous functionality, (2) associate contributions with members’ real names, and (3) make all interactions visible to all team members. Our study reveals that when organizational DCPs are governed by these parameters, they can foster the Seven Cs of Creative Conflict that we identify as clarity, candor, contribution, cooperation, challenge, courage, and collegiality. The Seven Cs foster a growth mindset feedback loop in which members learn to self-reflectively apply a social diagnostic approach to their own digitally mediated well-being, thereby potentially improving organizational communication. Therefore, the Seven Cs form a core of communication competencies that will be increasingly important for organizational success as Gen Ters continue to mature and become colleagues in a variety of organizations.
Prison, Material-Organizational Bricolage, and Precarious Frameworks of Normality in an Era of Disruption
Authors: McClain Noah
Published: February 2023

Prison scholars have long noted prisoners’ improvisation with materials and resources at hand (or bricolage) in ways that defy the prison regime. Yet longstanding scholarly perspectives which cite such bricolage as evidence for themes like “prison culture” or “resistance” have often distracted scholars from accounting for the specific features of organizational materials and operations that prisoners leverage in their bricolage, and distracted from the rather mundane nature of the practices—like grooming, cleaning, and eating—they thus serve. Drawing from interviews with de-incarcerated persons from a U.S. state prison system, and from documents memorializing the disruption of prison routines during COVID-19 pandemic in that same state, this article investigates the specific resources prisoners enlist in bricolage projects related to making and sharing meals. Those resources, I argue, are the material and organizational products and byproducts of the complex prison undertaking. The practices prisoners achieve are precarious, with low degrees of equifinality–there are only so many ways to accomplish them in contexts of comprehensive restriction. The COVID-19 pandemic threatened those delicate arrangements not only through problems in the acquisition of raw food materials, but also through disrupted institutional routines which offer the resources necessary to coordinate, assemble, and transform those materials into meals. This pattern comes into focus when the “prison food system” is approached as a consumption system like any other, though one which operates in a strictly regulated context with minimal materials and deeply curtailed choice.
A Pedagogy for the White Nonpoor in the United States: Returning Stolen and Excess Wealth, Land, and Resources to the Common Good
Authors: Watkins Mary
Published: February 2023

Liberation psychology prioritizes the needs and experiences of those who suffer oppression and have been locked out of the commons. Upstream in the United States, those with stolen and excess wealth, land, and resources remain within “gated” communities, protected by ideologies, false narratives, laws, and policing practices. Without leaving a roadmap, liberation psychologist Martín-Baró urged psychologists to reorient their work with the economically privileged to include disrupting compulsive consumption. Excess wealth is largely accumulated through histories of stolen land, extraction of resources, abuse of labor, hoarding, and intergenerational inheritance. This accumulation has benefited White people at the expense of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) individuals and communities. The tasks of conscientization, de-ideologization, and prophetic imagination that liberation psychology engages with those suffering oppression need also to be deployed with willing elites to assist in returning assets, land, and power to the commons. This article addresses the psychosocial tasks that are part of this return of excess and stolen wealth and privilege, a return that opens possibilities for mutual accompaniment and solidarity for the sake of justice and peace. This work seeks to contribute to the pedagogy of the nonpoor and the potential role of the helping professions in this pedagogy.