bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A six‐year experience with anal cytology in women with HPV in the lower genital tract: Utility, limitations, and clinical correlation
Authors: Cardinal L. H. , Carballo P. , Lorenzo M. C. Cabral , García A. , Suzuki V. , Tatti S. , Vighi S. , Díaz L. B.
Published: October 2013

This study assessed the utility and limitations of anal cytology as a screening method for women infected with human papilloma virus (HPV) in the lower genital tract. Furthermore, this study aimed to establish risk factors for pathological anal cytology/biopsy findings, the prevalence of anatomopathological lesions associated with positive anal brushings, and the frequency of concomitant lesions of the lower genital tract.

A cross‐sectional, retrospective, descriptive study in 207 women with HPV‐associated lesions of the lower genital tract and 25 women with immunosuppression was carried out. Anal cytology, high resolution anoscopy, and biopsy of suspicious lesions were performed.

In total, 232 anal brushings were performed: 184 (79.3%) were negative, 24 (10.34%) showed atypical squamous cells of undeterminated significance, 18 (7.7%) showed low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 6 (2.6%) showed high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cytohistological correlation was obtained for 70 cases. The sensitivity of anal cytology in detecting intraepithelial lesions was 70%, whereas the specificity was 93%. The sensitivity of the method for detecting high‐grade lesions (84%) was higher, than that for detecting low‐grade lesions (66%). The most frequently associated pathology was vulvar lesion.

It is important to perform anal brushings in women who have had lower genital tract biopsies for HPV‐associated lesions due to the high prevalence of anal lesions in such patients. Anal cytology is useful for detecting high‐grade lesions but the sensitivity for detecting low‐grade lesions is low. It is of the utmost importance to perform high‐resolution anoscopy and biopsy in women with suspicious lesions in order to confirm the pathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:396–400. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significant increase of salivary testosterone levels after single therapeutic transdermal administration of testosterone: suitability as a potential screening parameter in doping control
Authors: Thieme Detlef , Rautenberg Claudia , Grosse Joachim , Schoenfelder Martin
Published: October 2013

The legally defensible proof of the abuse of endogenous steroids in sports is currently based on carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), i.e. a comparison between 13C/12C ratios of diagnostic precursors and metabolites of testosterone. The application of this technique requires a chromatographic baseline separation of respective steroids prior to IRMS detection and hence laborious sample pre‐processing of the urinary steroid extracts including clean up by solid‐phase extraction and/or liquid chromatography. Consequently, an efficient pre‐selection of suspicious control urine samples is essential for appropriate follow up confirmation by IRMS and effective doping control. Two single transdermal administration studies of testosterone (50 mg Testogel® and Testopatch® at 3.8 mg in 16 h, respectively) were conducted and resulting profiles of salivary testosterone and urinary steroid profiles and corresponding carbon isotope ratios were determined. Conventional doping control markers (testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, threshold concentrations of androsterone, etiocholanolone, or androstanediols) did not approach or exceed critical thresholds. In contrast to these moderate variations, the testosterone concentration in oral fluid increased from basal values (30–142 pg/mg) to peak concentrations above 1000 pg/mg. It is likely that this significant increase in oral fluid is due to a pulsatile elevation of free (protein unbound) circulating testosterone after transdermal administration and may be assumed to represent a more diagnostic marker for transdermal testosterone administration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DART‐MS for rapid, preliminary screening of urine for DMAA
Authors: Lesiak Ashton D. , Adams Kendra J. , Domin Marek A. , Henck Colin , Shepard Jason R. E.
Published: October 2013

Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a sympathomimetic amine found in weight‐loss/workout supplements or used as an appetite suppressant. DMAA is a stimulant that is banned by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Adverse health effects as well as fatalities have been implicated with its use. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) is an ambient ionization method that was employed to rapidly identify the presence of DMAA in various samples without any extraction or preparations whatsoever. DMAA was first identified in supplements, sampled directly in their solid forms. Furthermore, DMAA was detected directly in urine over 48 h as a means of indicating recent abuse of the substance. DART‐MS analysis is instantaneous, and coupled with the high mass accuracy associated with the time‐of‐flight mass analyzer, results in unequivocal identification of the presence of DMAA. These features demonstrate DART‐MS as an attractive potential alternative screening method for the presence of drugs and medications or for toxicological investigations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A first‐generation microsatellite linkage map of the ruff
Authors: Farrell Lindsay L. , Burke Terry , Slate Jon , Lank David B.
Published: October 2013

A linkage map of the ruff (Philomachus pugnax) genome was constructed based on segregation analysis of 58 microsatellite loci from 381 captive‐bred individuals spanning fourteen breeding years and comprising 64 families. Twenty‐eight of the markers were resolved into seven linkage groups and five single marker loci, homologous to known chicken (Gallus gallus) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) chromosomes. Linkage groups range from 10.1 to 488.7 cM in length and covered a total map distance of 641.6 cM, corresponding to an estimated 30–35% coverage of the ruff genome, with a mean spacing of 22.9 cM between loci. Through comparative mapping, we are able to assign linkage groups Ppu1, Ppu2, Ppu6, Ppu7, Ppu10, Ppu13, and PpuZ to chromosomes and identify several intrachromosomal rearrangements between the homologs of chicken, zebra finch, and ruff microsatellite loci. This is the first linkage map created in the ruff and is a major step toward providing genomic resources for this enigmatic species. It will provide an essential framework for mapping of phenotypically and behaviorally important loci in the ruff.
Measuring and evaluating morphological asymmetry in fish: distinct lateral dimorphism in the jaws of scale‐eating cichlids
Authors: Hata Hiroki , Yasugi Masaki , Takeuchi Yuichi , Takahashi Satoshi , Hori Michio
Published: October 2013

The left–right asymmetry of scale‐eatingTanganyikan cichlids is described as a unilateral topographical shift of the quadratomandibular joints. This morphological laterality has a genetic basis and has therefore been used as a model for studying negative frequency‐dependent selection and the resulting oscillation in frequencies of two genotypes, lefty and righty, in a population. This study aims were to confirm this laterality inPerissodus microlepisBoulenger andP. straeleni(Poll) and evaluate an appropriate method for measuring and testing the asymmetry. Left–right differences in the height of the mandible posterior ends (HMPE) and the angle between the neurocranium and vertebrae ofP. microlepisandP. straeleniwere measured on skeletal specimens. Snout‐bending angle was also measured using a dorsal image of the same individuals following a previous method. To define which distribution model, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), directional asymmetry (DA), or antisymmetry (AS), best fit to the lateral asymmetry of the traits, we provided an R package,IASD. As a result,HMPEand neurocranium–vertebrae angle of both species were best fitted toAS, suggesting thatP. microlepisandP. straelenishowed a distinct dimorphism in these traits, although snout‐bending angle ofP. microlepiswas best fitted toFA. Measurement error was low forHMPEcomparing the snout‐bending angle inP. microlepis, indicating that measuringHMPEis a more accurate method. The scale‐eating tribe Perissodini showed distinct antisymmetry in the jaw skeleton and neurocranium–vertebrae angle, and this laterality remains a valid marker for further evolutionary studies.
Chemistry and Biology of the Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Hyperforin
Authors: Richard Jean‐Alexandre
Published: October 2013

(+)‐Hyperforin (1) is a polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) natural product isolated in 1971 from Hypericum perforatum. Also known as St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum is a popular medicinal plant because of its antidepressant properties. (+)‐Hyperforin (1) is the main component of the plant and has attracted the interest of the scientific community since it was identified as the agent responsible for the antidepressant activity. The subsequent discovery that it also displayed a wide range of biological activities triggered the interest of synthetic chemists because of its appealing, compact molecular structure. This microreview presents an overview of the synthetic studies reported so far for the racemic and enantioselective syntheses of (+)‐hyperforin (1) and analogues, and attempts to shed light on the intriguing structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the natural product.
Case of partial vertical laryngectomy with vocal cord reconstruction using a thyroid gland flap
Authors: Ikeda Atsuhiko , Okamoto Hiroki , Tsuchiya Yoshimasa , Nishimura Kunihiro , Ueda Hiromi , Ogawa Tetsuya
Published: October 2013

Background

To preserve laryngeal function in early‐stage laryngeal cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are performed more often than surgery as initial treatment. However, in recurrent cases, complex salvage surgery is often required as patients who received aggressive chemoradiotherapy are susceptible to postoperative complications. We report here salvage therapy that preserved laryngeal function in a recurrent case.

Methods

A 52‐year‐old man with recurrent laryngeal cancer (rT2N0M0) after chemoradiotherapy and followed by induction chemotherapy underwent partial vertical laryngectomy and right vocal cord reconstruction with a thyroid flap.

Results

Laryngeal functions were successfully preserved and the patient was discharged 2 months after surgery.

Conclusion

The number of salvage surgeries performed after high‐dose chemotherapy and radiation is expected to increase in the future. A thyroid gland flap promises to be an effective treatment option for vocal cord reconstruction especially for patients at high risk of postchemoradiotherapy complications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E73–E77, 2014
Deconstructing Global Markets Through Critical Performative Experiences in Puerto Rico
Authors: Medina Carmen Liliana , Weltsek Gustave J.
Published: October 2013

Critical Performative Pedagogies, the idea that “The nature of drama as a once removed creative experience turns non‐critical implicit classroom identity formation into explicit identity performance as it asks participants to actively reflect upon how identity is created and engaged within fictional social interactions.” (Weltsek and Medina, 2007) is used to explore English language learning as a political act. Using critical ethnographic research conducted with and on two different groups of students in Puerto Rico, one elementary and one University, as their launching point Gustave Weltsek and Carmen Lillian Medina struggle with the ways in which personal, community and institutionalized literacy education is negotiated within colonial spaces. IN this Water Cooler chat they explain that “When students see themselves as actively involved in the creation/performance of any communicative event, especially one situated as ‘educational’, aware of how they construct their actions the opportunity exists for them to take a more conscious ownership of their education. When applied to literacy learning ‘literacy’ becomes the way multiple sign systems are used to outwardly perform emergent identities. Drama then become an ideal way to observe and articulate how personal, community and institutional literacies are negotiated and created within the performance of self. It is this observation and articulation which ultimately empowers and drives student learning.”
Lights! Camera! Action!
Authors: Jusinski Margaret
Published: October 2013

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader reflection.
Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosis of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Ablanedo‐Terrazas Yuria , Alvarado‐de la Barrera Claudia , Hernández‐Juan Ramón , Ruiz‐Cruz Matilde , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo
Published: October 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The World Health Organization endorsed the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but there is limited information about the utility of this assay for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in HIV‐infected patients with palpable cervical lymph nodes.

Study Design

Prospective, diagnostic test study.

Methods

Consecutive patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were prospectively enrolled between January 2011 and March 2013. Lymph node specimens were obtained through fine‐needle aspiration or excisional biopsy. Mycobacterial culture was considered as the gold standard.

Results

Mycobacterium TB was cultured from 15 of 68 specimens (22.05%), and 53 specimens had negative cultures (77.94%). The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 100% (95% CI, 74.65%–100%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI, 91.58%–100%). Smear microscopy had a lower diagnostic performance.

Conclusion

Although based on a limited sample size, our study indicates that Xpert MTB/RIF is a useful method for the diagnosis of cervical TB lymphadenitis in HIV‐infected patients, regardless of the bacillary load in smear‐positive samples or the CD4 T cell count. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were similar to gold‐standard culture.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 124:1382–1385, 2014
Eigenvalues and stability properties of multiplication operators and multiplication semigroups
Authors: Heymann Retha
Published: October 2013

We investigate uniform, strong, weak and almost weak stability of multiplication semigroups on Banach space‐valued ‐spaces. We show that, under certain conditions, these properties can be characterised by analogous ones of the pointwise semigroups. We prove a spectral mapping theorem for the point spectra of the pointwise and global semigroups and apply this as a major tool for determining almost weak stability.
My Anger Is Your Gain, My Contempt Your Loss: Explaining Consumer Responses to Corporate Wrongdoing
Authors: Romani Simona , Grappi Silvia , Bagozzi Richard P.
Published: October 2013

Two forms of consumer response to corporate wrongdoing are constructive punitive actions (i.e., those designed to induce firms to change their behavior but with the hope of sustaining relationships with consumers) and destructive punitive actions (i.e., those intended to discredit or harm firms, ultimately leading to disengagement from firms). This study investigates the conditions under which one or the other actions are taken and shows that anger regulates the former, whereas contempt governs the latter. Hypotheses are tested in two studies: a laboratory experiment and a naturalistic field study with an actual instance of recent corporate malfeasance. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Option Framing and Product Feature Recommendations: Product Configuration and Choice
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Hildebrand Christian , Sprott David E. , Spangenberg Eric R.
Published: October 2013

When configuring a customized product, consumers must decide which product features to include. While many times firms allow consumers to add features to a base item (hereinafter referred to as additive option framing), it is also possible in some settings to remove undesired features from a fully equipped product (subtractive option framing). At the same time, companies not only provide different option‐framing formats, but also include recommendations from different sources such as what other customers have chosen previously or what is recommended by the company. This research provides evidence from two field experiments using a German car manufacturer's online configurator that customer recommendations in an additive option‐framing format affect customer spending equally well as subtractive option framing. A follow‐up experiment reveals that customer recommendations lead to increased positive thoughts about the recommended option, which stimulates consumers’ intention to buy the final product.
More than Just an Opinion: The Effect of Verbal Self‐Expression on Consumer Choice
Authors: Kokkoris Michail D. , Kühnen Ulrich
Published: October 2013

In an ever‐widening range of occasions, consumers have the opportunity to comment and express their opinions on brands and products. However, little is known about how voicing opinions about the choice options before actually choosing might affect consumer choice, and specifically liking of choice. This paper proposes that pre‐choice opinion expression undermines the effect of post‐choice bolstering, because opinion sufficiently satisfies self‐expressive needs and therefore supersedes the use of subsequent choice as a self‐expressive resource. This proposition is based on the assumption that opinion can psychologically substitute for choice, because the two represent alternative routes to self‐expression. Two experiments provide empirical support for this hypothesis. Study 1 showed that after articulating their opinions about the choice options, participants were less likely to idealize their choices, and this effect was mediated by a change in the construal of choice as self‐expression. Study 2 further showed that this effect is moderated by public versus private occasions of opinion voicing and by individual differences in the value of expression. Together, findings support that opinion is enough to express the self, and if such an opportunity is made available prior to choosing, consumers’ liking of their choices is weakened.
Time‐Resolved Angiography using InfLow Subtraction (TRAILS)
Authors: Kopeinigg Daniel , Bammer Roland
Published: October 2013

Purpose

A novel pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling based angiographic method called Time‐Resolved Angiography using InfLow Subtraction is introduced and used to acquire time‐resolved whole‐head angiographic data sets in healthy volunteers in a clinical feasible scan time of less than 5 min.

Methods

Using this new method, in conjunction with a sliding window reconstruction, a temporal resolution of 7.2 ms with a low temporal footprint of 432 ms can be achieved.

Results

Excellent vessel delineation compared to a time‐of‐flight MRA was demonstrated. Normal variations of the vascular system including the Circle of Willis (CoW) were identified using Time‐Resolved Angiography Using Inflow Subtraction. Signal intensities were measured in various vascular segments to quantify the blood transit time.

Conclusion

In this feasibility study, we showed that Time‐Resolved Angiography using InfLow Subtraction can be used to acquire hemodynamic information of the whole head in healthy volunteers with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Further studies in patients that suffer from vascular diseases to explore various flow patterns including longer transit time are needed. Magn Reson Med 72:669–678, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Implicit Contracts, and Market Making for Complex Consumer Goods
Authors: Godley Andrew Christopher
Published: October 2013

This article extends the theory of entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation, outlining how under certain conditions, opportunity exploitation is dependent on market making innovations. Where adverse selection and moral hazard characterize markets, consumers are likely to withdraw regardless of product quality. In order to overcome consumer resistance, entrepreneurs must signal credible commitments. But because consumers purchase without fully specifying requirements, entrepreneurs' commitments take the partial form of implicit contracts, creating strong mutual commitments to repeated transactions. These commitments enable novel markets to function, but introduce additional costs. This article illustrates the theory with the historic case of Singer in sewing machines. © 2013 The Author. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Strategic Management Society.
CCSS‐ELA
Authors: Valencia Sheila W. , Wixson Karen K.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on the implementation of the Common Core State Standards for English language arts (CCSS‐ELA). Toward this end, suggestions and cautions are provided that focus on understanding the vision, understanding the anchor and grade‐level standards, and understanding the implications for instruction. In general, this article stresses the importance of attending to the various “parts” of the standards within the context of the larger vision as a means of avoiding missteps in implementation.
Shape‐stabilized Bi2Te3‐capped Tellurium Nanorods
Authors: Dong Hailong , Popescu Radian , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus
Published: October 2013

Tellurium nanorods with a diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of 30–60 nm are prepared via hydrazine‐driven reduction of telluric acid. The size of the nanorods is controlled by the experimental conditions, including the N2H4·H2O–to–H2TeO4·2H2O ratio and the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Although obtained at 0 °C, the as‐prepared tellurium nanorods are readily crystalline. For low aspect ratios (<5), the colloid and shape stability of the nanoparticles turned out as low; they show rapid agglomeration and merging due to storage and/or due to gentle heating (e.g., stirring, centrifugation). To increase the colloid and shape stability, a thin capping of Bi2Te3 is therefore established after the synthesis by addition of Bi(C6H5)3. As a result, Te@Bi2Te3 core@shell nanorods are obtained, exhibiting a Bi2Te3 capping layer of 6 nm in thickness. Composition and structure are validated by low‐energy STEM, HRTEM, HAADF‐STEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and line‐scan EDXS. The shape‐stabilized Bi2Te3‐capped tellurium nanorods can become an interesting precursor for Bi‐Te‐based thin‐film solar cells, thermoelectrics, or topological insulators.
Light top partners and precision physics
Authors: Grojean Christophe , Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Panico Giuliano
Published: October 2013

Abstract

We analyze the corrections to the precision EW observables in minimal composite Higgs models by using a general effective parametrization that also includes the lightest fermionic resonances. A new, possibly large, logarithmically divergent contribution to
$ \widehat{S} $
is identified, which comes purely from the strong dynamics. It can be interpreted as a running of
$ \widehat{S} $
induced by the non-renormalizable Higgs interactions due to the non- linear σ-model structure. As expected, the corrections to the
$ \widehat{T} $
parameter coming from fermion loops are finite and dominated by the contributions of the lightest composite states. The fit of the oblique parameters suggests a rather stringent lower bound on the σ-model scale f ≳ 750 GeV. The corrections to the Z

$ \overline{b} $

L

b

L
vertex coming from the lowest-order operators in the effective Lagrangian are finite and somewhat correlated to the corrections to
$ \widehat{T} $
. Large additional contributions are generated by contact interactions with 4 composite fermions. In this case a logarithmic divergence can be generated and the correlation with
$ \widehat{T} $
is removed. We also analyze the tree-level corrections to the top couplings, which are expected to be large due to the sizable degree of compositeness of the third generation quarks. We find that for a moderate amount of tuning the deviation in V

tb
can be of order 5% while the distortion of the Z

$ \overline{t} $

L

t

L
vertex can be 10%.
There's Glory for You!
Authors: Ketland Jeffrey
Published: October 2013

This dialogue concerns metasemantics and language cognition. It defends a Lewisian conception of languages as abstract entities (Lewis 1975), arguing that semantic facts are necessities (Soames 1984), and therefore not naturalistically reducible. It identifies spoken languages as idiolects, in line roughly with Chomskyan I-languages. It relocates traditional metasemantic indeterminacy arguments as indeterminacies of what language an agent speaks or cognizes. Finally, it aims to provide a theoretical analysis of the cognizing relation in terms of the agent's assigning certain meanings to strings.
Africa Bibliography 1985–2012
Authors: Kitchen Stephanie
Published: October 2013

The Africa Bibliography has been published by the International African Institute (IAI) as a print volume since 1985. The first editor was Hector Blackhurst, a social anthropologist turned academic librarian at the University of Manchester. In the inaugural volume, Jacob F. Ade Ajayi, the then Chairman of the International African Institute wrote that ‘Greater technical experience will, it is hoped, facilitate typographical improvements'.1 A second concern of the Bibliography, as expressed by Ajayi, was to monitor and record material produced in Africa ‘that does not always circulate widely and might otherwise escape notice’.2
Applications of a New Separator Theorem for String Graphs
Authors: FOX JACOB , PACH JÁNOS
Published: October 2013

An intersection graph of curves in the plane is called astring graph. Matoušek almost completely settled a conjecture of the authors by showing that every string graph withmedges admits a vertex separator of size$O(\sqrt{m}\log m)$. In the present note, this bound is combined with a result of the authors, according to which every dense string graph contains a large complete balanced bipartite graph. Three applications are given concerning string graphsGwithnvertices: (i) ifKt⊈Gfor somet, then the chromatic number ofGis at most (logn)O(logt); (ii) ifKt,t⊈G, thenGhas at mostt(logt)O(1)nedges,; and (iii) a lopsided Ramsey-type result, which shows that the Erdős–Hajnal conjecture almost holds for string graphs.
THE CONFESSIONAL UNMASKED: RELIGIOUS MERCHANDISE AND OBSCENITY IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND
Authors: Janes Dominic
Published: October 2013

On 19 May 1868 the ConservativeMP Percy Wyndham rose in the House of Commons to ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department “whether he is aware that Publications, the sale of which has been condemned by a Court of Law, are now being openly offered for sale in the Streets of London, and such being the case, whether the Police have power to interfere?” Gathorne Hardy replied that

Sir, I have made inquiries into the subject of my hon. Friend's Question, and I find that since the decision referred to that book has not been sold in the streets, though there is no doubt – for I hold one of the covers in my hand – that the cover is put on books in order to sell them, but within the cover the purchaser finds a book of a totally different character, and of a harmless nature. The attraction of the title appears to be great, as it is used for advertising and selling books of a very different kind. I am told that the Police keep a register of the books and pamphlets sold in the streets, and interfere when their interference is called for. As to the book referred to by my hon. Friend – for I presume his Question relates toThe Confessional Unmasked– I find on inquiry at the depôt from which it was issued that all the remaining copies have been destroyed, and that there are none now for sale. (Hansard)

The legal regulation of pornography in England from the later nineteenth century relied on a definition of obscenity derived from a case concerning a religious tract,The Confessional Unmasked(1836) (McDonald). This pamphlet had been circulating for many years before it came to the notice of the courts. Henry Scott, a metal broker from Wolverhampton, had reprinted the text and circulated it on behalf of the Protestant Evangelical Union. The case went on appeal from the local magistrates, one of whom was Benjamin Hicklin, to the Court of Queen's Bench, where judgment was given on 29 April 1868 (“A Judgment” and Scott). This seems, on the face of it, bizarre. Indeed, that this case was brought at all has been seen as highlighting the problematic nature of the Obscene Publications Act (1857) under which the action was brought (Roberts 627). However, it can be argued that the danger that the act was defined to prevent had much more to do with the publication of religious tracts than might appear to have been the case.
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI AND THE ECONOMICS OF PUBLICATION: MACMILLAN'S MAGAZINE, “A BIRTHDAY,” AND BEYOND
Authors: Van Remoortel Marianne
Published: October 2013

Impelled to seek relief from a “peccant chest” (L233) at the seaside, Christina Rossetti travelled to Hastings in December 1864, taking a carefully wrapped bundle of unfinished manuscript poetry with her. Throughout the winter until the following March, a series of letters to Cheyne Walk kept her brother Dante Gabriel abreast not only of her gradual recovery, but also of her efforts to complete her second book of poetry, two years after she had made a successful debut with Goblin Market. Shortly after her arrival, Rossetti reported that she was struggling to finish “The Prince's Progress,” the long narrative poem that was to lend its title to the new volume:

[M]y Alchemist still shivers in the blank of mere possibility: but I have so far overcome my feelings and disregarded my nerves as to unloose the Prince, so that string wrapping paper may no longer bar his “progress.” Also I have computed pages of the altogether-unexceptionable, and find that they exceed 120: this cheers though not inebriates. Amongst your ousted I recognize sundry of my own favourites, which perhaps I may adroitly re-insert when publishing day comes round. . . . Meanwhile I have sent 3 (I hope) pot-boilers to Mac's Mag. (L233)

In the past few decades, Rossetti's lifelong effort to see what critics have variously called “the divine spiritual essence of material beauty” (Harrison 56), the “moral and spiritual significance in physical signs” (Arseneau 279), and “the spiritual in the sensuous, the numinous in the material” (Kooistra, Illustration 38) has become a mainstay of Rossetti scholarship. This excerpt from her correspondence, in contrast, reveals her equally profound preoccupation with the materiality and economics of writing. Issues of textual ownership, authorial control, and literary marketability confronted Rossetti in the 1860s as her financial situation forced her to balance book publication with regular contributions to the periodical press, notably Macmillan's Magazine, the magazine owned by Rossetti's publisher Macmillan and Co., which carried more of her poetry than any other British periodical in the nineteenth century. These issues extended beyond Rossetti's personal dealings with Macmillan, however, shaping the material and interpretive consumption of her work throughout her career. This arc may be seen in the publication and adaptation history of one of her most popular poems, “A Birthday,” from its first appearance in Macmillan's Magazine in 1861 until her death. Over time, the poem underwent various types of mediation: reprints in gift books and poetry anthologies, musical adaptation, vocal performance, and quotations in fictional works. Finally, her reaction to the three parodies of her poems published in an 1888 comic magazine – particularly to “An Unexpected Pleasure,” the parody of “A Birthday” – demonstrate her perspective on the increased commodity value of the original poem.
FABIAN SOCIALISM AND THE RHETORIC OF GENTILITY
Authors: Jann Rosemary
Published: October 2013

After Sidney and Beatrice Webb founded the New Statesman in 1913, one of their inaugural projects was a series of short articles entitled “What is Socialism?,” which ran from April through September of that year. A telling example of their attempts to frame the debate occurs in installment twelve, in which they liken choosing equality as a social ideal with “teach[ing] ourselves to be gentlemen” and instituting a new “national standard of good manners” (364). They struck a similar note in The Decay of Capitalist Civilisation (1923), condemning capitalist competition as inherently vulgar (36) and tracing “the democratic conception of good manners” to those “strata of society where a practical equality of material circumstances happens to prevail, and social position depends” upon circumstances other than wealth (40). This seemingly anomalous mix of socialism and the behavioral conventions of gentility signals a broader rhetorical strategy employed by the Webbs and other Fabian spokesmen to promote their political brand from the 1880s on.
YAFFE ON ATTEMPTS
Authors: Alexander Larry
Published: October 2013

Gideon Yaffe's Attempts is a masterfully executed philosophical investigation of what it means to attempt something. Yaffe is obviously motivated by the fact that the criminal law punishes attempted crimes, and he believes that his philosophical analysis can shed light on and be used to criticize the law's understanding of those crimes. I focus exclusively on the relevance of Yaffe's philosophical analysis of attempts to the criminal law of attempts. I assume that Yaffe's account of what it is to attempt something is basically correct and ask whether the criminal law uses “attempt” in the way Yaffe uses it, and whether it should use Yaffe's conception of an attempt. I conclude that a lot of criminal-law doctrine, including, very importantly, the influential Model Penal Code's treatment of attempts, is inconsistent with Yaffe's conception of attempts. Because Yaffe is principally interested in what it means to attempt something rather than in the criminal law's treatment of attempts, I believe he misanalyzes the problem of factual versus legal impossibility. And Yaffe's chapter on inherently impossible attempts concludes by positing a quite paradoxical type of criminal attempt, one that is indeed an attempt but for which the defendant should not be convicted because the evidence of its commission is insufficient. I find Yaffe's argument to this effect opaque and therefore unconvincing.
Effects of Community-Based Prevention on Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Hannemann Tessa-Virginia , Piontek Daniela , Awolin Mareike
Published: October 2013

Aims: The present paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the community-based substance use prevention program “Wegschauen ist keine Lösung”. Methods: Communities of the district of Karlsruhe were divided into a group with high (HIG) and low (LIG) program implementation fidelity. In 2011, a school survey was conducted among 892 adolescents in grades 9 and 10 of regular schools in the district of Karlsruhe. The Bavarian sample of the 2011 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) was used as external comparison group (n=1635). Results: Only few differences were found between HIG and LIG with regard to alcohol consumption and negative consequences. Compared to the external ESPAD comparison group, students in Karlsruhe showed lower 30-day prevalence of alcohol use (66.0 vs. 80.5 %), lower consumption quantity (17.17 vs. 34.91 grams of ethanol per drinking day) and lower frequency of use (0.75 vs. 1.21 days within the last week). Conclusions: Considering restrictions of the limited study design there are indications of possible positive effects of the project “Wegschauen ist keine Lösung”. However, for methodological sound evaluations of community-based prevention programs pre-post studies with clearly defined control conditions are needed.
Remodelling without a power stroke
Authors: Dutta Arnob , Workman Jerry L
Published: October 2013

Although chromatin remodellers are thought to exert power strokes to move nucleosomes along DNA, two studies in this issue show that a power stroke is not required for efficient remodelling, indicating that the DNA binding domain primarily tethers remodellers to nucleosomes.
Development of a mouse model mimicking key aspects of a viral asthma exacerbation
Authors: Clarke Deborah L. , Davis Nicola H. E. , Majithiya Jayesh B. , Piper Sian C. , Lewis Arthur , Sleeman Matthew A. , Corkill Dominic J. , May Richard D.
Published: October 2013

Viral respiratory tract infections are known triggers of asthma exacerbations in both adults and children. The current standard of care, inhaled CS (corticosteroids) and LABAs (long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists), fails to prevent the loss of control that manifests as an exacerbation. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying viral asthma exacerbations we established an in vivo model using the clinically relevant aeroallergen HDM (house dust mite) and the viral mimetic/TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) agonist poly(I:C). Poly(I:C) alone induced a similar neutrophilic inflammatory profile in the BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) to that of HRV1b (human rhinovirus 1b) alone, accompanied by both elevated BAL KC (keratinocyte-derived chemokine) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β). When mice allergic to HDM were also challenged with poly(I:C) the neutrophilic inflammatory profile was exacerbated. Increased CD8+ T-cell numbers, increased CD4+ and CD8+ cell activation and elevated KC and IL-1β were observed. No increases in Th2 cytokines or the eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11], above those induced by HDM alone, were observed. The poly(I:C)-exacerbated neutrophilia did not translate into changes in AHR (airways hyper-responsiveness), indicating that in this model inflammation and AHR are two mechanistically independent events. To test the clinical relevance of this model CS sensitivity was assessed using prednisone, a synthetic oral CS used to manage exacerbations in asthmatic patients already on maximal doses of inhaled CS. The increased neutrophils, and accompanying cytokines/chemokines KC and IL-1β induced by poly(I:C) challenge of HDM-sensitized and challenged mice were insensitive to oral prednisone therapy. In summary we have described a CS-resistant mouse model mimicking the key aspects of viral asthma exacerbation using the clinically relevant aeroallergen HDM and the viral mimic poly(I:C). This model may provide better understanding of disease mechanisms underlying viral exacerbations and could be used to build early confidence in novel therapeutic axes targeting viral asthma exacerbations in Th2 asthmatics.
Functions of the podocyte proteins nephrin and Neph3 and the transcriptional regulation of their genes
Authors: Ristola Mervi , Lehtonen Sanna
Published: October 2013

Nephrin and Neph-family proteins [Neph1–3 (nephrin-like 1–3)] belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell-adhesion receptors and are expressed in the glomerular podocytes. Both nephrin and Neph-family members function in cell adhesion and signalling, and thus regulate the structure and function of podocytes and maintain normal glomerular ultrafiltration. The expression of nephrin and Neph3 is altered in human proteinuric diseases emphasizing the importance of studying the transcriptional regulation of the nephrin and Neph3 genes NPHS1 (nephrosis 1, congenital, Finnish type) and KIRREL2 (kin of IRRE-like 2) respectively. The nephrin and Neph3 genes form a bidirectional gene pair, and they share transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the functions of nephrin and Neph-family proteins and transcription factors and agents that control nephrin and Neph3 gene expression.
Characterisation and analysis of harmonic emissions in nonlinear bulk acoustic wave resonators
Authors: Shin J.‐S. , Song I. , Ai Y. , Hwang S. , Rieh J.‐S.
Published: October 2013

Harmonic emissions of nonlinear bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators with their different configurations are demonstrated and analysed. With the anti‐polarisation configuration of the piezoelectric resonators, the second harmonic emissions are dramatically reduced. However, the anti‐series configuration of dual BAW resonators exhibits a sharp increase in second harmonic emissions near the anti‐resonance frequency. By investigating the phase difference of the generated harmonic waves, the reason for that sharp increase has been successfully analysed.
Weighted Hamming distance for PUF performance evaluation
Authors: Sadr A. , Zolfaghari‐Nejad M.
Published: October 2013

To analyse and compare physical unclonable function (PUF) concepts, a set of parameters should be defined to measure performance. The Hamming distance (HD) is a parameter to measure the number of different elements of two strings of the same length. In this reported research, weighted HD is proposed to evaluate and compare the performance of PUFs. The proposed parameter uses weights for calculating similarity measure. The weights can eliminate the effects of noisy responses. The proposed parameter is more efficient and has a low overhead and can be used in identification and authentication applications.
Surface acoustic wave in temperature compensated NdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: Brzozowski E. , Soluch W.
Published: October 2013

A two‐port synchronous resonator was used for measurements of surface acoustic wave (SAW) parameters in the Y‐plane of NdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal. For YX–5°, YX and YX + 5° orientations, the SAW phase velocity under free surface, electromechanical coupling coefficient, second‐order temperature coefficient of frequency and turnover temperature (TO) of about 3481, 3502 and 3503 m/s; 0.68, 0.63 and 0.6%; −37, −32 and −70 ppb/°C2 and 80, 25 and −35 °C, respectively, were obtained. The crystal was assessed as attractive in SAW applications due to temperature compensation and high electromechanical coupling coefficient.
Optimal consensus control of linear multi‐agent systems with communication time delay
Authors: Sheng Jie , Ding Zhengtao
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the consensus control of linear multi‐agent systems with communication time delay. Upon exploring certain features of Laplacian matrix, optimal consensus control conditions are identified using semi‐discretisation method that develops a mapping of the system response in a finite‐dimensional state space. Consensus region and consensus boundary can be obtained by comparing the maximum absolute value of the mapping's eigenvalues with 1. Besides, minimisation of the maximum absolute value of the eigenvalues leads to optimal control gains representing fastest convergence speed. The proposed control only uses relative state information of the system. Numerical simulations validate the proposed control design and show the performance with different control gains and time delays.
Single side‐band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal transmission in RF carrier allocated visible light communication
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Seung , Kim Deok‐Rae , Yang Se‐Hoon , Son Yong‐Hwan , Han Sang‐Kook
Published: October 2013

Carrier allocation‐visible light communication (CA‐VLC) has been spotlighted as a new means of building networks with location‐based service that provides designated information to a given area without inter‐cell interference. The authors propose and demonstrate digitalised single side‐band (SSB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission with bit and power loading, which improve spectral efficiency to modulate multiple signals, in order to provide convergence services in the CA‐VLC system. The transmission of SSB‐OFDM is implemented by the Hilbert transform relation between real and imaginary parts of the OFDM signal. Sideband selectivity and its radio frequency (RF) carrier generation are easily achieved in digital signal processing along with SSB‐OFDM generation that can dramatically increase the flexibility in a CA‐VLC system.
Decay of the vortex tangle at zero temperature and quasiclassical turbulence
Authors: Nemirovskii Sergey K.
Published: October 2013

We review and analyze a series of works, both experimental and numerical and theoretical, dealing with the decay of quantum turbulence at zero temperature. Free decay of the vortex tangle is a key argument in favor of the idea that a chaotic set of quantum vortices can mimic classical turbulence, or at least reproduce many of the basic features. The corresponding topic is referred as the quasiclassical turbulence. Appreciating significance of the challenging problem of classical turbulence it can be expressed that the idea to study it in terms of quantized line is indeed very important and may be regarded as a breakthrough. For this reason, the whole theory, together with the supporting experimental results and numerical simulations should be carefully scrutinized. One of the main arguments, supporting the idea of quasiclassical turbulence is the fact that vortex tangle decays at zero temperature, when the mutual friction is absent. Since all other possible mechanisms of dissipation of the vortex energy, discussed in literature, are related to the small scales, it is natural to suggest that the Kolmogorov cascade takes place with the flow of the energy in space of scales, just like as in the classical turbulence. In the present work we discuss an alternative mechanism of decay of the vortex tangle, which is not associated with dissipation at small scales. This mechanism is a diffusive-like spreading of the vortex tangle due to evaporation of small vortex loops. We discuss a number of experiments and numerical simulations, considering them from the point of view of alternative mechanism.
Analysis of microbial diversity and optimal conditions for enhanced biogas production from swine waste anaerobic digestion
Authors: Chung Ying-Chien , Chang Yu-Cheng , Chen Yu-Pei , Lin Wei-Chih , Lin Hsiao-Hsien , Tseng Ching-Ping
Published: October 2013

Swine wastewater pretreated by solid–liquid separation was optimized for biogas production and water purification. Dynamic diversity of the bacterial community in the anaerobic plug flow reactor was investigated under various temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRT). Results of batch experiments indicated that under optimal operating conditions, biogas production, methane production rate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies increased up to 26%, 52%, and 44%, respectively. In the continuous experiments, optimal operating conditions for the plug flow operator were found to be HRT of 8 d and temperature of 35 °C, under which relatively high CH4 concentration (67%), CH4 production rate (4.6 l/d), and total COD removal (79%) were achieved. A minimum of 12 bands was observed in the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the predominance of phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Euryarchaeota in the anaerobic plug-flow reactor. However, the occurrence and prevalence of specific bacterial species varied with HRT and temperature. This study establishes the optimal operating parameters for the anaerobic plug-flow digestion of swine wastewater, which can be employed in a full-scale reactor to maximize biogas production and to purify water quality.