bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel lab-on-chip cartridge and AI tools for automated urinalysis
Authors: Sahu Avinash , Kandaswamy Srinivasan , Jhala Dhanu Vardhan Singh , Thyagarajan Eshwarmurthy , Bhatnagar Vaibhav , Naganna Sharitha Mandya , Dastidar Tathagato Rai
Published: July 2023

After haematology, urinalysis is the most common biological test performed in clinical settings. Hence, simplified workflow and automated analysis of urine elements are of absolute necessities. In the present work, a novel lab-on-chip cartridge (Gravity Sedimentation Cartridge), an in-house built AI100 device (image-based autoanalyzer) and Artificial Intelligence tools for the auto analysis of urine elements are developed. The GSC consists of a capillary chamber that uptakes a raw urine sample by capillary force and performs particles and cells enrichment within 5 min through a gravity sedimentation process for the microscopic examination. Centrifugation, which is necessary for enrichment in the conventional method, was circumvented in this approach. The AI100 device automatically captures microscopic images from the cartridge at 40x magnification and uploads them into the cloud. Further, these images were auto-analyzed using an AI-based object detection model, which delivers the reports. These reports were available for expert review on a web-based platform that enables evidence-based tele reporting. A comparative analysis was carried out for various analytical parameters of the data generated through GSC (manual microscopy, tele reporting, and AI model) with the gold standard method. The presented approach makes it a viable product for automated urinalysis in point-of-care and large-scale settings.
BERT-BC: A Unified Alignment and Interaction Model over Hierarchical BERT for Response Selection
Authors: Yang Zhenfei , Yu Beiming , Cui Yuan , Wang Daling , Yu Ge , Feng Shi
Published: July 2023

Recently, we have witnessed a significant performance boosting for dialogue response selection task achieved by Cross-Encoder based models. However, such models directly feed the concatenation of context and response into the pre-trained model for interactive inference, ignoring the comprehensively independent representation modeling of context and response. Moreover, randomly sampling negative responses from other dialogue contexts is simplistic, and the learned models have poor generalization capability in realistic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a response selection model called BERT-BC that combines the representation-based Bi-Encoder and interaction-based Cross-Encoder. Three contrastive learning methods are designed for the Bi-Encoder to align context and response to obtain the better semantic representation.Meanwhile, according to the alignment difficulty of context and response semantics, the harder samples are dynamically selected from the same batch with minimal cost and sent to Cross-Encoder to enhance the model's interactive reasoning ability.Experimental results show that BERT-BC can achieve state-of-the-art performance on three benchmark datasets for multi-turn response selection.
General flaws of currently discussed election systems and a
solution based on
a new view on abstention from voting
Authors: Kemm Friedemann
Published: July 2023

Most voting systems suffer from a common
weakness: they approach voting as a problem of choice or
ranking. However, voting is merely the final step in an election
procedure, following one or more selection stages. Furthermore, an
election is not an isolated event but is repeated every few
years. In this paper, we propose a new perspective on elections that
takes into account the entire process, starting from the initial set
of individuals with passive electoral rights, and the aspect of
reelection. By adopting a fresh perspective on abstentions and
introducing an adapted form of Majority Judgment, which can also be
understood as an expanded form of Approval Voting, we are able to
design a comprehensive election process that can be easily
legislated. This process establishes appropriate incentives for
politicians seeking reelection, as well as for parties nominating
candidates.
Thoracic aortic dissection associated with bronchial artery embolization：a case report
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhao Tian
Published: July 2023

Thoracic aortic dissection after bronchial artery embolisation is a rare iatrogenic complication. Here, we report a case of thoracic aortic dissection that occurred after bronchial artery embolisation to improve our understanding of this unusual complication. After the bronchial artery embolisation was successfully performed, the patient was re-admitted the following day due to rapidly increased blood pressure owing to emotional excitement and chest pain the previous afternoon. Computed tomography revealed that the patient had an aortic dissection. The haematoma gradually disappeared after conservative treatment. There was no recurrent haemoptysis, and the aortic dissection had disappeared at the 1-year follow-up. We report a rare case of symptomatic aortic dissection after bronchial artery embolisation. We believe our findings will be useful in the management of similar cases.
Comparison the property of new instruments to the IOL-master 500 on patients with cataract
Authors: Qi Muyu , Fan Hua , Xie Xiaolin , Zhou Xiaojuan , Abulimiti Adilamu , Dai Yumeng , Zhang Zhengyu , Li Chuanyu , Pu Yan , Chen Xu
Published: July 2023

Objectives To assess the consistency and difference on six new instruments to IOL-master 500 through evaluating the corneal power measurements.
Materials and methods 88 eyes of 88 subjects were included from Oct. 2018 to Apr. 2019 in this study. The keratometric data, magnitude of astigmatism and astigmatism axis were measured by IOLmaster 500 (Zeiss), Lenstar LS-900 (Haag-Streit), Pentacam HR (Oculus), iTrace (Tracey Technology), Verion(Alcon), Atlas 995 corneal topography (Zeiss), KR-800 auto-refractometer (Topcon), respectively. Blant-Altman analysis plots were used to evaluate the conformity of corneal curvature between these instruments, and the differences of corneal curvature were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Double-angle plots were used to describe the difference on astigmatism assessment.
Results The mean age of all subjects was 35.86±10.27 years, and the male/female ratio was 34/54. There was no significant difference of corneal curvature in all the instruments, LoA range of each instrument compared with IOL-master 500 using Bland-Altman plots were - 0.14D～0.33D、- 0.05D～0.62D、- 1.5D～2.0D、- 0.93D～0.44D、- 0.39D～1.10D、- 0.39D～0.59D , respectively. The widest length is produced by the iTrace (-1.5D-2.0D), and the narrowest length is the Lenstar LS 900 (-0.14D-0.33D), when compared to IOL-master. Moreover, the astigmatism errors of the instruments compared with IOL-master 500 using Double-Angle plots were 0.09D×78°±0.33D, 0.08D×69°±0.40D, 0.12D×80°±0.36D, 0.09D×13°±0.41D, 0.37D×77°±0.68D, 0.14D×86°±0.39D, respectively. The maximum and minimum against-the-rule (ATR) compared to the IOL-master are Atlas 995 corneal topography and Pentacam, respectively.
Conclusions These instruments showed good agreements in evaluating corneal curvature, and Pentacam is a promising choice to detect the astigmatism size and direction based on the minimum error compared with IOL-master.
Combination of Contrast-enhanced FlAIR and Contrast-enhanced T1WI Provides a Quick and Efficient Method in Detecting Cranial Metastases of Lung Cancers
Authors: Sun Linlin , Luan Shihai , Ye Xiaodan , Chen Jing , Shi Jueqian , Dong Haiyang , Tao Guangyu , Liu Xuemei , Liu Mengxiao , Yao Zhenwei , Zhu Li , Yu Hong
Published: July 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE FLAIR) imaging in combination with contrast-enhanced T1 weighted imaging (CE T1WI) in detecting cranial metastases of lung cancers.
Methods
In 201 patients with known lung cancers and suspected cranial metastases, T1WI and FLAIR were performed before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Two radiologists reviewed pre- and post-contrast images to determine the presence of abnormal contrast enhancement or signal intensity, and decided whether it was metastatic or not on CE T1WI (Group 1) or CE FLAIR (Group 2). The number, locations and features of abnormal enhancement/signal intensity in two groups were recorded. And areas under ROC were calculated in three groups: Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3(combination of CE FLAIR and CE T1WI).
Results
A total of 672 cranial metastases in 149 patients were revealed, and 42 abnormal findings were considered as nonmetastatic. Superficial and small metastases(≤ 10mm) in parenchyma and ependyma, leptomeningeal and non- expansive metastatic skull lesions were typically better seen on CE FLAIR. The areas under ROC in three groups were 0.720,0.887 and 0.973, respectively. Combination of CE T1WI and CE FLAIR was significantly better in diagnostic efficiency of cranial metastases than Group 1 (p＜0.0001) or Group 2 (p = 0.0006).
Conclusion
Combination of CE T1WI and CE FLAIR promotes diagnostic performance and results in better observation and characterization of cranial metastases in patients with lung cancers. It provides a rapid and effective way in detecting cranial metastases of lung cancers.
Inequality on the frontline: A multi-country study on gender differences in mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Czepiel Diana , McCormack Clare , Silva Andréa Tenório Correia da , Seblova Dominika , Moro Maria Francesca , Restrepo-Henao Alexandra , Alnasser Lubna , Alvarado Ruben , Asaoka Hiroki , Ayinde Olatunde , Balalian Arin , Ballester Dinarte , Barathie Josleen A. I. , Basagoitia Armando , Basic Djordje , Burrone María Soledad , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Durand-Arias Sol , Eskin Mehmet , Fernández-Jiménez Eduardo , Freytes Marcela , Gureje Oye , Isahakyan Anna , Jaldo Rodrigo , Karam Elie G. , Khattech Dorra , Lindert Jutta , Martinez-Ales Gonzalo , Mascayano Franco , Mediavilla Roberto , Narvaez Javier , Nasser-Karam Aimee , Nishi Daisuke , Olaopa Olusegun , Ouali Uta , Puac-Polanco Victor , Ramírez Dorian E. , Ramírez Jorge , Rivera-Segarra Eliut , Rutten Bart P. F. , Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Sapag Jaime C. , Šeblová Jana , Soto María Teresa Solís , Tavares-Cavalcanti Maria , Valeri Linda , Sijbrandij Marit , Susser Ezra S. , Hoek Hans W. , Ven Els van der
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, with data from previous crises suggesting women may be particularly vulnerable. The objective of the study was to examine individual and social factors that may be associated with gender differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms among HCWs during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to examine the consistency of these differences across a diverse range of countries.
Methods
Data were collected in a cross-sectional design between March 2020 and February 2021 as part of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study. 32,410 HCWs recruited across 22 countries completed the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and questions about pandemic-relevant exposures.
Results
Consistently across countries, women reported elevated mental health problems compared to men. Women also reported increased COVID-19-relevant stressors, including less access to sufficient personal protective equipment and less support from colleagues than men; however, men reported increased contact with COVID-19 patients. At the country-level, HCWs working in countries with higher gender inequality reported lower levels of mental health problems. Higher COVID-19 mortality rates were associated with increased psychological distress among women but not among men.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that among HCWs, women may have been disproportionately exposed to several COVID-19-relevant stressors at the individual and country-level. This highlights the importance of considering gender in emergency response efforts to protect women’s well-being and ensure adequate healthcare system preparedness during future public health crises.
Menaquinone Production by Engineering a DegU Quorum Sensing Circuit in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: huang Junbao , Huang XIlin , Liu Kun , Gao Xuli , Luo Yani , Wang Jian , Li Xiangfei , Zhao Ming , Xue Zhenglian , Liu Yan
Published: July 2023

Vitamin K2, as a menadione compound, has been a hot topic in international research in recent years. Previous work mainly focused on the manipulation of several genes in metabolic pathway, but did not pay attention to the overall regulation, which always failed to make the fermentation yield of the strain meet people's requirements. On this basis, we shifted the research focus from the knockout and overexpression of several genes in a single metabolic pathway to the overall regulation of bacteria. The effect of transcription regulation system on MK-7 production in Bacillus subtilis was studied by mining transcription regulation factors. We constructed a set of PhrG-RapG-DegU regulatory system by using quorum sensing signal molecules PhrG pentapeptide, RapG protein and regulatory factor DegU. By fine-tuning the expression of related genes, the content of MK-7 in the finally constructed BS06 in a 250 mL conical flask reached 102.47 mg/L, and the cell density was 28.677, which was basically the same as that of the original bacteria. Our experiment realized the efficient synthesis of MK-7 in Bacillus subtilis and ensured the stable growth of bacteria, which proved the effectiveness of this control strategy.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and complication predictors of IgA vasculitis between pediatric and adult patients in China
Authors: Zhu qihui , Liu Jia , He Yufei , 王 玉连 , Wu Jianhua
Published: July 2023

Background
IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is an allergic disease of the vascular wall, the prognosis of the disease in adults is usually worse than that in children, but there is a lack of study to compare the clinical characteristics and complication predictors of IgAV between pediatric and adult patients.
Methods
This retrospective study included 158 cases of IgAV from the Departments of Dermatology, Pediatrics, Nephrology and Gastroenterology of Changhai Hospital. Details of the clinical characteristics, laboratory index and complication were collected.
Results
Multiple logistic regression analysis of the 158 IgAV patients (79 in children group and 79 in adult group) showed that the risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) involvement were PLR > 184 in children group (OR = 6.963, P = 0.001) vs. NEU > 8.4 (OR = 4.332, P = 0.023) and NLR > 5.2 (OR = 4.077, P = 0.048) in adult group. Risk factors for renal involvement were age (OR = 0.818, P = 0.017), ENR > 2.6 (OR = 4.305, P = 0.034) and PLR > 04 (OR = 0.939, P = 0.024) in children group vs. RDW > 13.2 (OR = 5.453, P = 0.019) and ENR > 0.2 (OR = 4.667, P = 0.010) in adult group. Risk factors for arthralgia were the season of disease onset (OR = 0.609, P = 0.040) and NEU > 9.1 (OR = 7.761, P = 0.003) in children group vs. NEU > 7.0 (OR = 7.237, P = 0.07), LYM > 2.8 (OR = 9.129, P = 0.009), and PLT > 270 (OR = 6.466, P = 0.011) in adult group.
Conclusions
Different complication predictors of IgAV were observed between pediatric and adult patients, and different values of the same indicators in predicting the occurrence of complications were calculated, suggesting that the predictions should be differentiated in different patients with the same disease.
Is the entropy-weighted water quality index a suitable index for evaluating the groundwater quality in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Alfaleh Ayman , Ben Khedher Nidhal , Alviz-Meza Aníbal
Published: July 2023

This study examined the groundwater quality in Ha'il according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards using the entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) more accurately. The study investigated several parameters in groundwater quality and found that more than 75% of the changes in Ha'il can be attributed to four main factors (MF1, MF2, MF3, and MF4). The MF1 was found to have the biggest role in controlling more than 33% of the changes in the water quality. Due to the entropy calculations for each parameter, zinc was found to have the highest rate of influence on groundwater quality. The results of the EWQI showed that the highest number of samples (76%) had Rank 2 and good quality. Also, it was tried to couple EWQI with machine-learning techniques to improve the model performance and survey the related results in this study. The results showed that the efficiency criteria are improved noticeably. Root-mean-square error decreases by 25%, and the determination coefficient (R2) increases by 27.94%.
Chromosome 1
Authors: Gor Ravi , Panicker Saurav , Ramalingam Satish
Published: July 2023

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, constituting approximately 249 million base pairs. Chromosome 1 is the largest metacentric chromosome, with “p” and “q” arms of the chromosome almost similar in length. Chromosome 1 abnormalities or inclusion of any mutations leads to developmental defects, mental, psychological, cancer, etc., among the most common diseases. 1/10th of the genes in chromosome 1 have been reported its involvement in cancer growth and development. These cancer genes result from chromosomal rearrangement, fusion genes, somatic mutations, point mutation, gene insertion, gene deletion, and many more. Some of these cancer-causing genes appear to be involved in cancer more often, and other novel genes are also enlisted in this chapter.
Chromosome 2
Authors: Thirugnanam Thilaga , Panicker Saurav , Ramalingam Satish
Published: July 2023

The human chromosome 2 was formed by a head-to-head fusion mutation caused by two chromosomes of our ancestors. The gorilla and chimpanzee contain 48 chromosomes in contrast to 46 chromosomes in humans. Ten million years ago, the two chromosomes of apes underwent telomere-to-telomere fusion that gave rise to human chromosome 2. Apart from the exciting history, the human chromosome 2 is involved in various genetic conditions caused due to chromosomal deletions and duplications, leading to SATB2 (Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)-associated syndrome, MBD5 (Methyl-CpG-binding domain 5)-associated neurodevelopmental disorder, 2q37 deletion syndrome, partial trisomy 2, myelodysplastic syndrome as well as cancer. These mutations cause different human abnormalities, such as craniofacial anomalies, cleft palate, genitourinary tract anomalies, microcephaly, hypotonia, heart defects, anemia, and myeloid malignancies. This chapter discusses 50 genes of human chromosome 2 involved in various cancer types.
Long-term Effectiveness of the National Diabetes Quality Assessment Program in South Korea
Authors: Huh Ji Hye , Kwon Serim , Kim Gui Ok , Kim Bo Yeon , Ha Kyoung Hwa , Kim Dae Jung
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the long-term effectiveness of the national diabetes quality assessment program (NDQAP) in diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, 399,984 individuals with diabetes who visited a primary care clinic from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 were included and followed up until 31 May 2021. The NDQAP included five quality assessment indicators: regular outpatient visits, continuity of prescriptions, regular testing of glycated hemoglobin and lipids, and regular fundus examination. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes complications and all-cause mortality by the achievement of quality assessment indicators.

RESULTS

During the mean follow-up duration of 7.6 ± 1.8 years, 20,054 cases (5.0%) of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 6,281 end-stage kidney diseases (ESKD; 1.6%), 1,943 amputations (0.5%), 9,706 myocardial infarctions (MIs; 2.4%), 26,975 strokes (6.7%), and 35,799 all-cause mortality (8.9%) occurred. Each achievement of quality assessment indicator was associated with a decreased risk of diabetes complications and all-cause mortality. Individuals who were managed in high-quality institutions had a lower risk of PDR (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.80–0.85), ESKD (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.73–0.81), amputation (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.83), MI (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.82–0.89), stroke (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.84–0.88), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94–0.98) than those who were not managed in high-quality institutions.

CONCLUSIONS

In Korea, the achievement of NDQAP indicators was associated with a decreased risk of diabetes complications and all-cause mortality.
Terahertz Generation by Beating Laser Driven Plasmons in Graphene Embedded Metal Film
Authors: Parashar Jetendra , Saxena Swati
Published: July 2023

A modified ATR configuration, comprising a glass prism embedded by metal film and graphene, is proposed as a suitable nonlinear medium for laser beat wave terahertz generation. Two lasers, launched on the prism at SPR (surface plasmon resonance) angle, get linearly mode converted into surface plasma waves (SPWs) of much higher amplitude. The SPWs exert a beat frequency ponderomotive force on free electrons of metal film and graphene. The ensued nonlinear current drives beat frequency THz plasmons. A surface ripple on graphene or metal assists phase matching and resonantly enhances the THz field amplitude.
Analisis tingkat kepercayaan diri siswa pada pembelajaran Penjas di SD Negeri 82 Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Nopiyanto Yahya Eko , Insanistyo Bayu , Raibowo Septian , Prabowo Andika , Andriyani Mas’ullah , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

Masalah: Kurangnya kemampuan siswa untuk mengekspresikan dirinya dalam melakukan berbagai tugas gerak dalam pembelajaran penjas.

Tujuan:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kepercayaan diri siswa dalam pembelajaran penjasorkes di SD Negeri 82 Bengkulu Tengah.

Metode:Deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa yang berasal dari kelas 4 dan 5. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket. Data dianalisis berdasarkan pada nilai rerata dan standar deviasi untuk menentukan kategori tingkat kepercayaan diri.

Hasil:Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 1 siswa memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah, 4 siswa memiliki kepercayaan diri sedang, 15 siswa memiliki kepercayaan diri tinggi, dan 5 siswa memiliki kepercayaan diri sangat tinggi.

Kesimpulan:Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa SD Negeri 82 Bengkulu Tengah memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi untuk mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran penjas. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan karena tidak mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan diri siswa untuk mengikuti pembelajaran penjas. Hasil penelitian ini memperluas informasi khususnya pada kepercayaan diri siswa untuk mengikuti kelas penjas.
Marine snow and epipelagic suspensoids in the Reda carbonates and a pronounced mid-Ludfordian (Silurian) CIE in the axis of the Baltic Basin (Poland)
Authors: Kozłowski Wojciech
Published: July 2023

The mid-Ludfordian pronounced, positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE), coincident with the Lau/kozlowskii extinction event, has been widely studied so far in shallow-water, carbonate successions, whereas its deep-water record remains insufficiently known. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the sedimentary environments and the palaeoredox conditions in the axial part of the Baltic-Podolian Basin during the event. For these purposes, the Pasłęk IG-1 core section has been examined using microfacies analysis, framboid pyrite diameter and carbon isotope measurements. The prelude to the event records an increased influx of detrital dolomite interpreted as eolian dust, coupled with a pronounced decrease in the diameter of the pyrite framboids, indicating persistent euxinic conditions across the event. The event climax is recorded as the Reda Member and consists of calcisiltites, composed of calcite microcrystals (‘sparoids’), which are interpreted as suspensoids induced by phytoplankton blooms in the hipersaturation conditions present in the epipelagic layer of the basin. Both the prelude and climax facies show lamination, interpreted as having resulted from periodical settling of marine snow, combined with hydraulic sorting within a ‘benthic flocculent layer’, which additionally may be responsible for a low organic matter preservation rate due to methanogenic decomposition. Contrary to the observed basinward CIE decline in the benthic carbonates in the basin, the Reda Member records an extremely positive CIE (up to 8.25‰). Given the pelagic origin of the sparoids, the CIE seems to record surface-water carbon isotope ratios. This points to a large carbon isotope gradient and kinetic fractionation between surface and bottom waters during the mid-Ludfordian event in a strongly stratified basin. The Reda facies-isotope anomaly is regarded as undoubtedly globally triggered, but amplified by the stratified and euxinic conditions in the partly isolated, Baltic-Podolian basin. Hence, the common interpretation of the basin record as representative for the global ocean needs to be treated with great caution.
Economic burden of beta-thalassaemia major receiving hypertransfusion therapy at a public hospital in Mumbai
Authors: UCHIL ASHWIJA , MURANJAN MAMTA , GOGTAY NITHYA J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Treating beta-thalassaemia major may entail high costs with considerable out-of-pocket expenditure. Therefore, determination and valuation of the economic costs of a common haemoglobinopathy such as beta-thalassaemia major in India may provide insights to evolve policies for reduction or elimination of the disease. We estimated economic burden of beta-thalassaemia major in Mumbai in terms of cost to the family and the healthcare system.

Methods

This single-centre, prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional study included children <12 years of age treated at the thalassaemia day care centre of a public hospital in Mumbai. The demographic data and treatment-related information was recorded. Cost of illness was studied from a societal perspective by the prevalence-based approach. Direct (medical and non-medical), indirect (loss of wages and loss of school days) and intangible costs (closed-ended iterative bidding) were calculated for each patient by interview.

Results

The total annual cost of treating 130 children with beta-thalassaemia major in Mumbai was ₹86 72 412 (US$ 127 535) or ₹66 710 (US$ 981) per patient per year and ₹12 82 30 412 (US$ 1 885 741) including intangible costs. Direct costs contributed to 94% of the cost of illness with chelation therapy (23%) and blood investigations (21%) being major contributors. Direct and indirect costs correlated significantly with duration of blood transfusion (p<0.05 and p=0.006, respectively), whereas indirect costs correlated with socioeconomic status (rho=0.25).

Conclusion

The majority (94%) of costs incurred by families for treatment of beta-thalassaemia major are direct costs, especially expenses for chelation and blood investigations. Even at subsidized rates, financial burden to the families from lower socioeconomic strata is likely to be considerable as these are out-of-pocket expenses. In consideration of the economic impact of treating beta-thalassaemia major in individual families, the healthcare system and society, it is prudent to promote and pursue long-term and short-term measures with urgent emphasis on prevention as a public health activity at the national level in India.
Implementasi Adaptive Synthetic Bernoulli Naïve Bayes untuk Mengatasi Imbalance Class Data pada Kasus Mental Health di Indonesia
Authors: Manfaati Nur Indah , Ismatullah
Published: July 2023

Kesehatan mental merupakan sebuah kondisi dimana individu terbebas dari segala bentuk gejala-gejala gangguan mental. Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 oleh Kementerian Kesehatan, sekitar 9,8% atau sekitar 26 juta dari 267 juta jiwa di Indonesia hidup dengan “gangguan mental emosional” atau kondisi Gangguan kesehatan jiwa. Kesehatan mental (mental health) kini telah menjadi isu yang popular dan menjadi trending topic di berbagai kalangan. Masyarakat Indonesia biasanya menyampaikan pendapatnya mengenai suatu isu melalui media sosial. Salah satu platform jejaring sosial yang bisa dipakai untuk menyampaikan pendapat adalah aplikasi twitter. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat pendapat atau kecenderungan opini terhadap suatu isu adalah analisis sentimen. Sentimen masyarakat Indonesia mengenai kesehatan mental cenderung negatif sehingga memunculkan permasalahan imbalanced class data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon masyarakat di Indonesia mengenai isu kesehatan mental. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Bernoulli Naïve Bayes dengan pendekatan Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN). Algoritma Bernoulli naïve bayes digunakan untuk menentukan apakah tweet tersebut bersentimen positif atau negatif. ADASYN digunakan agar proporsi kelas pada dataset menjadi seimbang, sehingga model machine learning yang dibangun tidak cenderung mengklasifikasi suatu pendapat/komentar ke kelas mayoritas. Performa model machine learning pada algoritma Bernoulli Naïve Bayes setelah diterapkan ADASYN menghasilkan nilai akurasi yang sangat baik yaitu sebesar 93%.
Resenha de: Saint-Pierre, Héctor Luis e Vitelli, Marina Gisela (Org.). 2018. Dicionário de Segurança e Defesa. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, Imprensa Oficial do Estado de São Paulo. 1038p. ISBN: 978-85-393-0753-1.
Authors: Ferreira Souza Tamires Aparecida
Published: July 2023

Resenha da obra Dicionário de Segurança e Defesa, lançada em 2019, com o objetivo de contribuir para o aprofundamento epistemológico da área da Defesa e Segurança. O volume compila 97 verbetes pautados análises epistêmicas, semânticas e históricas, promotoras de reflexões e criticidades.
Burnout en personal de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en un hospital público
Authors: Reyes-Laris Pedro , Medina-de la Cruz Omar , Rosas-Cortez Nancy , Aceves-Pulido Martha Patricia , Gallegos-García Verónica
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Este estudio se propuso comparar el nivel de Burnout del personal de enfermería que laboró en el área Covid y no COVID de un hospital público de segundo nivel; Material y métodos: Se trató de un estudio transversal analítico comparativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 96 enfermeros y enfemeras de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México, de los servicios de medicina interna y urgencias. Los sujetos se agruparon en: a) Enfermeros de área COVID; b) Enfermeros que no estuvieron asignados en áreas COVID. Se comparó la presencia de burnout en el personal de enfermería de ambos grupos y se analizaron diversas variables de interés; el proyecto se desarrolló en los meses de junio y julio del 2022. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de burnout entre el personal que atendía a pacientes con diagnóstico de covid y los que no (p=0.028) así como en el puntaje medio obtenido en el instrumento por área de servicio, urgencias y medicina interna (p= 0.007). Conclusiones: El estudio permite señalar que la presencia de burnout está relacionada con la experiencia en la atención a pacientes con diagnóstico de covid-19 y el servicio en el que se labora. Palabras clave: Burnout, Pandemia, Personal de enfermería, COVID-19.
Senâyî’nin manzum Süleymaniyye’sinin metaforik söylem çözümlemesi
Authors: UÇAN EKE Nagehan
Published: July 2023

Toplumsal ve anlambilimsel bir yaklaşım olan söylem çözümlemesinde, sözcelemenin bağlamı, vericinin özellikleri ve sözcenin anlamsal özellikleri göz önünde bulundurulur. O hâlde bir kez okuma ile fark edilemeyecek söylemsel özdekliği çözümlemek, söylem çözümlemesinin temel meselesidir. Söz konusu edebî metinler olduğunda ise söylem çözümlemesi, ihtiyaçtan daha çok zarurettir. Nitekim üst bir dille yaratılan edebî eserler, içerdikleri imge ve metaforlarla söylemi derinleştirirler. Bir edebî eserin esas manası barındırdığı metaforlarda gizlidir. Esasen metaforik düşünme; kişinin kendini ve diğerlerini tanımasını sağlamanın yanı sıra nasıl iletişim kurduğumuzu, nasıl öğrendiğimizi, nasıl keşif ve icat ettiğimizi anlamak için son derece önemli bir araçtır. Bilhassa kavramsal metaforlar ve görüntü şemaları, ortak özellikleri paylaşan iki şey arasında gizli karşılaştırma yapan metaforik düşünmenin temel unsurlarıdır. Edebî-bilimsel inşalar olarak metaforlar; bir çağın, bir kültürün, bir ortamın yansımasıdır ve onları kullananların faaliyetlerini ve düşüncelerini ifade eder. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın uzun süren saltanatı boyunca seferlerini, savaşlarını, zaferlerini veya bu dönemin diğer olaylarını anlatmak için yazılan eserler genellikle Süleymanname adıyla anılagelmiştir. Tarih kitaplarında yer almayan birçok ayrıntı Süleymannameler gibi edebi eserlerden elde edilebilir ya da bu eserler var olan bilginin teyit edilmesinde başvuru kaynağı olabilir. Başka bir deyişle Süleymannameler, bilhassa tarihe tanıklık etmeleri yönüyle edebî kıymetleri kadar disiplinlerarası çalışmalar için de çok önemli birer kaynaktır. Senâyî’nin 1521’deki Belgrad’ın fethiyle başlayan Süleymanname’si Sultan Süleyman’ın Batı’ya ve Doğu’ya yaptığı birçok sefer hakkında bilgi vermekte ve 1538’deki Karaboğdan Seferi’yle sona ermektedir. Bu manzum Süleymanname gerek verdiği tarihî bilgi ve gerek Kanuni methiyesi olması sebebiyle barındırdığı dilsel malzeme açısından oldukça zengindir. Bu çalışmada, Senâyî’nin manzum Süleymaniyyesi üzerinde metaforik söylem çözümlemesi yapılacak ve böylelikle tarihî/edebî bir metinden hareketle 16. yüzyıl Osmanlı Türkçesinin olanakları tespit edilerek söylemin gücü ve gelişimi izlenebilecektir.
Awakening a Nation: A Rhetorical Analysis of Derek Walcott’s “The Sea Is History”
Authors: AKBAY Yakut
Published: July 2023

This paper analyses Derek Walcott’s (1930 – 2017) poem “The Sea Is History” (1979) from a rhetorical perspective. The rhetorical analysis of the poem enables us to uncover the implicit cultural values of Caribbean people and the oppressive discourses of colonialism. Based on the rhetorical reading of the poem, this study questions the traditional notion of history in the postcolonial framework. “The Sea Is History” is from Walcott’s collection The Star-Apple Kingdom, originally published in 1979. In the poem, the author communicates with the reader by triggering an inner reaction through rhetorical questions. “The Sea Is History” is also notable for the use of metaphor and imagery. Walcott’s preoccupation with his nation’s notions of the past, culture, and language is expressed in the poet’s use of metaphors to call on the Caribbean to awaken from a deep sleep and hold history to account. The author’s inclusion of elements of the narrative is underpinned by a strong postcolonial feeling, transforming this narrative poem into the biography of an oppressed nation kept as slaves for centuries. By using allusions to the Bible, Walcott juxtaposes biblical stories with the past and the memory of his nation, hence his rhetorical question: “Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory?”. Moreover, by placing biblical markers on certain passages of the voyage to the Caribbean – Genesis, Exodus, the Ark of the Covenant, and the Song of Solomon – the poet highlights it as a significant event that amounts to a religious text, at the same time pointing out that the events in the Bible are not universally accepted as actual events, whereas the past of his people is a true experience that reflects the colonial history of the Caribbean.
Literary style in the novel and on the screen: The intersemiotic translation of Far from the Madding Crowd
Authors: SARIGÜL Semih
Published: July 2023

Since Roman Jakobson’s classification of intersemiotic translation as a sub-category of translation, the term has paved the way for many studies on the close relationship between literature and cinema. Among different semiotic systems, the adaptation of literary works to the cinema occupies a central position in intersemiotic translation. In this respect, the present study approaches Far from the Madding Crowd directed by Thomas Vinterberg in 2015 as an intersemiotic translation of Thomas Hardy’s novel under the same title. It aims to evaluate how Hardy’s two major stylistic markers in the novel, i.e. sentence structure and imagery, are brought to the film by Vinterberg. To this end, the notions of transfer and intersemiotic transposition were used to identify related stylistic components in the novel and to compare them with their visual representations in the film. Thus, Vinterberg’s specific choices in reflecting Hardy’s literary style were analyzed. The findings of the present study suggest that Vinterberg paid attention to Hardy’s literary style and attempted to transfer it to the film to a large extent, as he reflected the writer’s sentence structure and imagery through various visual and auditory tools. However, it can be also observed that possibly due to the limited duration of the film, Vinterberg sometimes had to avoid transferring Hardy’s elaborate narration in some scenes.
Karakteristik Multitemporal Arus Permukaan Laut di Perairan Tuban, Jawa Timur
Authors: Tezar Muhammad , Irmayunita Mifta , Mualim Ahmad , Faruq Faruq , Prayogo Luhur Moekti
Published: July 2023

Arus laut (sea current) merupakan perpindahan massa air dari satu tempat ke tempat lain yang disebabkan oleh angin, perbedaan densitas dan pasang surut. Secara umum, karakteristik arus laut di perairan Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh angin dan pasang surut. Di perairan dangkal (kawasan pantai), arus laut dapat dibangkitkan oleh gelombang laut, angin dan pasang surut. Sedangkan di perairan sempit dan semi tertutup (selat dan teluk), pasang surut merupakan gaya penggerak utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan multitemporal pola pergerakan arus pada tahun 2010-2012 di perairan Tuban, Jawa Timur. Data penelitian diperoleh dari NOAA dan dilakukan perhitungan arah serta kecepatan, kemudian hasilnya disajikan dalam bentuk peta. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecepatan arus di perairan Tuban tahun 2010-2012 relatif sama (perbedaan kecepatan arus tidak signifikan). Pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 kecepatan arus rata-rata sebesar 0.06 m/ det dimana arus bergerak dari barat menuju timur dan utara. Kemudian pada tahun 2012 kecepatan arus rata-rata sebesar 0.11 m/ det dimana arus bergerak dari barat menuju timur. Perlu dilakukan kajian lebih mendalam untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasang surut terhadap pergerakan arus khususnya pada perairan dangkal. Selain itu, penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan data hasil survei langsung di lapangan untuk validasi sehingga hasil penelitian akan lebih akurat.
Karakteristik Curah Hujan Monsunal Pada Periode ENSO dan IOD (Studi Kasus: Lampung, Surabaya dan Jayapura)
Authors: Sisca Ayu Renitasari  , Supriyatno Widagdo  , Rudi Siap Bintoro
Published: July 2023

Variabilitas curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh fenomena ENSO dan IOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan karakteristik fenomena ENSO dan IOD selama periode 31 tahun, membandingkan karakteristik curah hujan dalam kondisi Normal dan karakteristik akibat fenomena ENSO dan IOD, serta menganalisis wilayah curah hujan monsunal (Lampung, Surabaya, Jayapura) yang dipengaruhi fenomena ENSO dan IOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam dasawarsa pertama menuju dasawarsa kedua mengalami penurunan kejadian La Niña sebesar 3,4% kemudian meningkat dalam dasawarsa terakhir sebesar 4,3%, sebagaimana dominan kejadian La Niña dalam intensitas lemah yang mengalami peningkatan di setiap dasawarsanya. Pada saat fenomena IOD dalam dasawarsa pertama menuju dasawarsa kedua terjadi peningkatan IOD Positif sebesar 15,2% kemudian mengalami peningkatan yang cenderung drastis pada dasawarsa terakhir sebesar 27,2%. Pada wilayah Lampung dan Surabaya saat terjadi El Niño dan IOD Positif awal musim hujan cenderung datang lebih lambat, yang berarti musim kemarau lebih panjang terjadi pada Mei hingga November. Pada saat terjadi La Niña dan IOD Negatif awal musim hujan datang lebih cepat pada Juni hingga November dan mengalami musim hujan sepanjang tahun. Pada wilayah Jayapura curah hujan cenderung terjadi sepanjang tahun pada saat fenomena ENSO maupun IOD. Pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh fenomena ENSO yang terjadi di Samudra Pasifik dan IOD di Samudra Hindia lebih berpengaruh di Lampung dan Surabaya sedangkan Jayapura relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh fenomena tersebut. Hal ini dimungkinkan oleh adanya bentangan elevasional Pegunungan Cyclops disebelah Barat Jayapura.
Klasifikasi Citra Daging Sapi dan Daging Babi Menggunakan CNN Arsitektur EfficientNet-B6 dan Augmentasi Data
Authors: Martias M. Fadil , Jasril Jasril , Sanjaya Suwanto , Handayani Lestari , Yanto Febi
Published: July 2023

In daily life, beef often serves as a staple food for humans. However, the high and expensive price of beef has prompted traders to adulterate it with pork for the sake of profit. Such adulteration has serious implications in the Islamic religion, where not all types of meat are considered halal (permissible for consumption), such as pork. As a result, consumers often remain unaware that the beef they purchase has been adulterated with pork. At a glance, both types of meat exhibit similar appearance and texture, making them difficult to differentiate. This research aims to classify beef and pork using a deep learning model with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method, combined with data augmentation. The model used is EfficientNet-B6 with variations in the testing scenario. The variations include the ratio of training and testing data, learning rates, and optimizer for EfficientNet-B6. Data augmentation is performed using techniques such as random rotation, shifting, image scaling, vertical and horizontal flipping, and nearest pixel filling. Evaluation results using the confusion matrix show that the model with data augmentation achieves the highest accuracy for the classes of beef, pork, and adulterated samples at 92.00%, while the model without augmentation achieves an accuracy of 91.67%. However, from this experiment, the best scenario to avoid misclassifying pork and adulterated samples as beef can be obtained. This scenario involves a model with data augmentation, a 90:10 data split, SGD optimizer, and a learning rate of 0.01, which achieves the highest precision for the beef class at 96.05%. The research findings demonstrate that the use of data augmentation on images can improve the model's performance, and the model with data augmentation, a 90:10 data split, SGD optimizer, and a learning rate of 0.01 exhibits the best performance in classifying beef images.
Delving into the relationship between regular physical exercise and cardiac interoception in two cross-sectional studies.
Authors: Yoris Adrian , Ciria Luis F. , Luque-Casado Antonio , Salvotti Caterina , JIMENEZ ANA TAJADURA , Avancini Chiara , Zarza-Rebollo Juan Antonio , Sanabria Daniel , Perakakis Pandelis
Published: July 2023

Cardiac interoception, the ability to sense and process cardiac afferent signals, has been shown to improve after a single session of acute physical exercise. However, it remains unclear whether repetitive engagement in physical exercise over time leads to long-term changes in cardiac interoceptive accuracy. It is also unknown whether those changes affect the neural activity associated with the processing of afferent cardiac signals, assessed by the heart-evoked potential (HEP). In this study, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis through two cross-sectional studies, categorizing participants as active or inactive based on physical fitness (Study I; N = 45) or self-reported physical activity levels (Study II; N = 60). Interoception was assessed at rest using the HEP (Studies I and II), the Heartbeat Counting task (Study II), and the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) (Study II). Study I showed strong evidence of better cardiovascular fitness in the active group than in the inactive group as well as robust between-group differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Study 2 replicated the clear differences in ECG as a function of regular physical activity. Those results were expected due to clear differences in physical activity habits. In contrast, our analysis revealed no robust differences between groups across cardiac interoception tasks and the RHI, although the direct relevance of these measures to interoception remains under investigation. In sum, our results do not provide convincing evidence to support a strong version of the notion that regular physical exercise is associated with an enhanced in cardiac interoception.
Challenging Race-Based Medicine Through Historical Education About the Social Construction of Race
Authors: Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison Louise , Rogbeer Kasheena G. , Sarmal Apoorva , Ware Cynthia , Zhu Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Background: Scientifically, there is little genetic variation among humans and race has no biological basis. However, medical school preclinical curricula tend to misrepresent race and reify biologically essentialist explanations for disease. The social construct of race is therefore used to inform healthcare providers’ treatment decisions. Use of race-based medicine has been identified as a contributor to racial health disparities, spurring a growing movement to challenge race essentialism and race-based medicine. The current research tested an intervention that educates college students about the historical construction of racial categories in the U.S. Method: Participants who were randomly assigned to the intervention condition read an article highlighting the history of the sociopolitical construction of race. They were then prompted to discuss in dyads how racial categories were created and changed over history, and—in light of all this—the appropriateness of race-based medicine. Those assigned to the control condition advanced directly to the outcome measures. Results: Participants in the intervention condition reported less race essentialism, less support for race-based medicine, and greater belief that race-based medicine contributes to racial health disparities. Findings were not moderated by premed status. Discussion: Our data provide initial evidence that our interactive intervention could effectively reduce biological essentialism and support for race-based medicine in both premed and non-premed students.Health Equity Implications: This intervention has the potential to shape the way healthcare providers in-training understand race, their internalization of biologically essentialist explanations for disease, and willingness to adopt race-based treatment plans.
دور نظام الوقف الإسلامي في إعمال حقوق الإنسان المالية والاجتماعية
Authors: الحداد أحمد علي أحمد , بن مختار أحمد إرضا , دون عبدالغفار , عبدالغني محمد ذو الكفل
Published: July 2023

يهدف البحث إلى بيان حقوق الإنسان الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المنظور الإسلامي، ومناقشة دور الوقف في إعمال حقوق الإنسان الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، إضافة إلى المنهج التاريخي في عرض تطور الوقف. بينت نتائج البحث؛ أهم الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للإنسان في المنظور الإسلامي، ودور الأوقاف في رعايتها، قد تمثلت في الآتي: الحق في التعليم؛ فالوقف يعدُّ من المؤسسات المهمة التي كان مارست دورًا فعالًا في تطوير التعليم، كبناء المدارس والمصليات، وأن الأوقاف على التعليم يعدّ قربة لله سبحانه، وهو صدقة جارية. الحق في الرعاية الصحية؛ وفي مقدمتها وقف المستشفيات والمستوصفات والوقف على تشغيلها وصيانتها، إضافة إلى وقف الأجهزة الطبية، الأدوية، الوقف على كليات الطب والمعاهد الصحية. الحق في العمل؛ إذْ يكفل الإسلام لكل فرد من أفراد المجتمع: العدل في الحصول على عمل مناسب، وبأجر مناسب. الحق في السكن؛ من خلال توفير بيوت خاصة للطلاب المغتربين، وبيوت الأرامل، والعجزة، والمرضى، والمعاقين، وكبار السن وأحيانًا العاطلين. حق الإنسان في الرعاية الاجتماعية والتكافل الاجتماعي، من أموال الزكاة والوقف.