bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic regulation of growth from birth to 18 years of age: The Swedish young male twins study
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Tynelius Per , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rasmussen Finn
Published: January 2008

Growth is a complex process, and only little is known on the genetic regulation of it. We analyzed the effect of genetic and environmental factors on growth in a longitudinal Swedish cohort of 231 monozygotic and 144 dizygotic twin pairs born 1973–1979 with length or height measured annually from birth to age 18. The data were analyzed by two different multivariate variance component models for twin data using the Mx statistical package. At birth and 1 year of age, a substantial part of the variation in length was because of common environment (50 and 57%, respectively) and the effect of genetic factors was minor. After 2 years of age, 91–97% of the variation of height could be explained by genetic differences whereas the rest was because of environmental variation not shared by twins. The genetic correlation between heights at ages 2 and 18 was 0.73 (95% confidence intervals 0.68–0.77) showing that 53% of the genes affecting height at these ages are the same or closely linked; with increasing age the correlation with genetic effects at age 18 become subsequently stronger. Especially in mid‐childhood, growth was largely regulated by the same genetic factors. During puberty new genetic factors started to affect height, but also genetic variation affecting height at previous ages remained. These results suggest that genetic regulation of growth is rather uniform, which is encouraging for further efforts to identify genes affecting growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric measurements of Australian Aboriginal adults living in remote areas: Comparison with nationally representative findings
Authors: Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan Srinivas , Hoy Wendy E. , Wang Zhiqiang , Briganti Esther , Polkinghorne Kevan , Chadban Steven , Shaw Jonathan
Published: January 2008

To compare body size measurements in Australian Aboriginals living in three remote communities in the Northern Territory of Australia with those of the general Australian population. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and derivative values of body mass index (BMI), waist‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐height ratio (WHT), and waist‐weight ratios (WWT) of adult Aboriginal volunteers (n = 814), aged 25 to 74 years were compared with participants in the nationally representative ‘AusDiab’ survey (n = 10,434). The Aboriginal body habitus profiles differed considerably from the Australian profile. When compared to Australian females, Aboriginal females were taller and had lower hip circumference but had higher WC, WHR, WHT, and WWT (P < 0.01 for all). When compared with their Australian counterparts, Aboriginal males were shorter, had lower body weight, WC, hip circumference, BMI, and WHT but had higher WHR and WWT (P < 0.001 for all). Significantly more Aboriginal females were classified as overweight and or obese using cutoffs defined by WC and by WHR than by BMI. Aboriginal males were less often overweight and/or obese by BMI than their counterparts, but were significantly more often overweight or obese by WHR. There were significant variations in body size profiles between Aboriginal communities. However, the theme of excess waist measurements relative to their weight was uniform. Aboriginal people had preferential central fat deposition in relation to their overall weight. BMI significantly underestimated overweight and obesity as assessed by waist measurements among Aboriginals. This relationship of preferential central fat deposition to the current epidemic of chronic diseases needs to be explored further. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Would a “one‐handed” scientist lack rigor? How scientists discuss the work‐relatedness of musculoskeletal disorders in formal and informal communications
Authors: Premji Stephanie , Messing Karen , Lippel Katherine
Published: January 2008

Background

When research results concerning occupational health are expressed ambiguously, compensation and prevention can be affected. This study examined the language used by scientists to discuss the relation between work and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

Methods

Language regarding work and MSDs in twenty articles from two peer‐reviewed journals was compared with that in 94 messages on MSDs posted by published scientists to an internet list.

Results

Almost all the articles found some link between work and MSDs. However, few articles expressed belief in such a link unambiguously in the title or abstract, and language on links was often hard for a non‐health scientist to interpret. Language and methods gave excess weight to negative results. On the listserve, many scientists expressed unambiguous views on linkages between work and MSDs.

Conclusions

Scientists must express their opinions more forthrightly if they wish their results to be used to favour prevention and to foster access to workers' compensation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:173–185, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritable essential tremor‐idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (ETINPH)
Authors: Zhang Jun , Williams Michael A. , Rigamonti Daniele
Published: January 2008

In this report, we identified a large five‐generation distinctive kindred with essential tremor (ET) presenting during the teen years and the consequent appearance of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) when elderly (>65 years), in an autosomal dominant fashion. Through clinical and genetic analysis, we defined this kindred as a new essential tremor‐idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (ETINPH) disorder. One of the most common neurological disorders, ET comprises uncontrollable tremor, most commonly the upper limbs. Molecular genetic studies in hereditary ET have been initiated, but only with negative results so far. iNPH is an adult‐onset hydrocephalus characterized by ventricular enlargement in the absence of significant elevations of intracranial pressure. iNPH patients usually have a triad of clinical symptoms: gait impairment, incontinence, and dementia, which is among the most common medical problems in the older population. The genetic etiology of iNPH is totally unknown. We hypothesize that ET is the consequence of the abnormal function of a specific neuronal gene, and that the same gene causes tremor at an early age eventually leading to the development of iNPH later in life. An understanding of the genetic components of this disorder may offer us significant insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ET, iNPH, and other related neurological conditions. In our genetic analysis of this family, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was carried out, and we could not identify any possible copy number changes of the genomic fragment along the whole‐genome in ETINPH patient. Candidate gene linkage analysis was also performed, and we excluded this disorder from several established loci associated with tremor. We conclude that the pedigree reported here is a new autosomal dominant genetic disorder ETINPH. The characterization of the gene that causes ETINPH will certainly enhance our understanding of motor diseases in general. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragile X syndrome with anxiety disorder and exceptional verbal intelligence
Authors: Angkustsiri Kathleen , Wirojanan Juthamas , Deprey Lesley J. , Gane Louise W. , Hagerman Randi J.
Published: January 2008

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is often characterized by mental retardation. However, FXS is also associated with significant emotional and psychiatric problems, including anxiety, depression, attention difficulties, and learning disabilities in the presence of a normal IQ. This report describes a unique woman with the full mutation of FXS who has an exceptional profile of above‐average intelligence combined with significant impairments due to anxiety and learning disability. Women with FXS can present primarily with learning and emotional problems, and clinicians should consider FXS in these women regardless of their IQ. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel mutation in JARID1C/SMCX in a patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Adegbola Abidemi , Gao Hanlin , Sommer Steve , Browning Marsha
Published: January 2008

We describe a nondysmorphic patient with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder who has a missense mutation in the Jumonji AT‐rich interactive domain 1C (JARID1C) gene. This child first presented at 30 months of age with stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, impairment in social reciprocity and in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors, and developmental delay primarily in the language domain. A diagnosis of autism was made and subsequently confirmed at the current age of 47 months. Cytogenetic and fragile X studies were normal. Mutational analysis revealed a novel missense mutation in exon 16 of the JARID1C gene that results in an arginine to tryptophan substitution at amino acid 766 (R766W). Sequence alignment analysis with multiple available eukaryotic sequences including the homologous proteins of mouse and zebrafish demonstrated that the affected amino acid is conserved. JARID1C has not previously been implicated in autism susceptibility. Recent novel molecular evidence suggests that it is a histone demethylase specific for di‐ and trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and functions as a transcriptional repressor by fostering REST‐mediated neuronal gene regulation. The JARID1C‐regulated genes SCN2A, CACNA1H, BDNF, and SLC18A1 have previously been associated with autism and cognitive dysfunction. This patient brings the total number of reported JARID1C mutations to 14. This presentation both extends the range of neurocognitive phenotypes attributable to mutations in this gene and illustrates the importance of molecular studies and DNA sequence analysis for accurate diagnosis of monogenic causes of autism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hair collar sign
Authors: Stevens Cathy A. , Galen Wesley
Published: January 2008

We report on two children with congenital scalp lesions which were surrounded by a ring of dark hair known as a hair collar. A review of previously reported patients with hair collars revealed that most of the scalp lesions were single and located at the vertex or parietal areas. They were most commonly composed of heterotopic neural tissue. We found a significant risk of associated skull defects, direct connections to the central nervous system (CNS), and brain and cerebrovascular anomalies in these patients. Careful clinical evaluation and MRI of the brain are indicated prior to biopsy or excision of these scalp lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate and one‐carbon metabolism gene polymorphisms and their associations with oral facial clefts
Authors: Boyles Abee L. , Wilcox Allen J. , Taylor Jack A. , Meyer Klaus , Fredriksen Åse , Ueland Per Magne , Drevon Christian A. , Vollset Stein Emil , Lie Rolv Terje
Published: January 2008

Folate metabolism plays a critical role in embryonic development. Prenatal folate supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects and probably oral facial clefts. Previous studies of related metabolic genes have associated polymorphisms in cystathionine‐beta‐synthase (CBS) and 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with cleft risk. We explored associations between genes related to one‐carbon metabolism and clefts in a Norwegian population‐based study that included 362 families with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 191 families with cleft palate only (CPO). We previously showed a 39% reduction in risk of CL/P with folic acid supplementation in this population. In the present study we genotyped 12 polymorphisms in nine genes related to one‐carbon metabolism and looked for associations of clefting risk with fetal polymorphisms, maternal polymorphisms, as well as parent‐of‐origin effects, using combined likelihood‐ratio tests (LRT). We also stratified by maternal periconceptional intake of folic acid (>400 µg) to explore gene–exposure interactions. We found a reduced risk of CL/P with mothers who carried theCBSC699T variant (rs234706); relative risk was 0.94 with one copy of the T allele (95% CI 0.63–1.4) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.26–0.96) with two copies (P = 0.008). We found no evidence of interaction of this variant with folate status. We saw no evidence of risk from theMTHFRC677T variant (rs1801133) either overall or after stratifying by maternal folate intake. No associations were found between any of the polymorphisms and CPO. Genetic variations in the nine metabolic genes examined here do not confer a substantial degree of risk for clefts. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adams–Oliver syndrome in siblings with central nervous system findings, epilepsy, and developmental delay: Refining the features of a severe autosomal recessive variant
Authors: McGoey Robin R. , Lacassie Yves
Published: January 2008

Adams–Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a well‐known rare syndrome of cutis aplasia in combination with limb defects. Recent reports have been published discussing the clinical variability and apparent genetic heterogeneity seen in some affected individuals and families with particular attention made to the possible existence of an autosomal recessive variant of AOS. We report on sisters as the ninth report of such an autosomal recessive‐variant and review previously published similar sibships for observed comparisons relative to clinical features. Review of these cases is initially suggestive of an increased frequency of both central nervous system involvement as well as epilepsy in the autosomal recessive variant of AOS. Full case reports and a review of neurological involvement in the autosomal recessive AOS cases are presented. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phacomatosis cesioflammea with unilateral lipohypoplasia
Authors: Castori Marco , Rinaldi Rosanna , Angelo Corrado , Zambruno Giovanna , Grammatico Paola , Happle Rudolf
Published: January 2008

Phacomatosis cesioflammea is characterized by the co‐existence of a large nevus cesius (i.e., aberrant Mongolian spot, or nevus fuscocoeruleus) and an extensive nevus flammeus (i.e., port‐wine stain). This sporadic genetic skin disorder represents a particular type of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis, a group of disorders that may reflect twin spotting. We report on a 28‐year‐old woman with aberrant Mongolian spots, bilateral melanosis bulbi, and systematized nevus flammeus partly intermingled with nevus anemicus. Moreover, pronounced lipohypoplasia of the right buttock and thigh as well as hypoplasia of the right breast are present. This anomaly of fatty tissue has not previously been reported in phacomatosis cesioflammea and further expands the clinical spectrum of this mosaic disorder. The patchy distribution of lipohypoplasia and its spatial relationship with vascular lesions strongly support the hypothesis of a postzygotic recombination event. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exclusion of a PAX6, FOXC1, PITX2, and MYCN mutation in another patient with apple peel intestinal atresia, ocular anomalies and microcephaly and review of the literature
Authors: van Bever Yolande , van Hest Liselotte , Wolfs Roger , Tibboel Dick , van den Hoonaard Thelma L. , Gischler Saskia J.
Published: January 2008

We describe another patient with the combination of apple peel intestinal atresia, microcephaly, microphthalmia, and anterior eye chamber anomalies. Development so far seems to be normal, although there is major visual impairment due to the corneal clouding. Mutation analysis of the PAX6, FOX1, PITX2, and MYNC genes was normal as was MLPA for these genes. Autosomal recessive inheritance is possible as recurrence in sibs was described, although germ line mosaicism or a microdeletion due to a very small parental translocation cannot be ruled out. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional morphometric analysis of craniofacial shape in the unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts: A possible marker for genetic susceptibility
Authors: Weinberg Seth M. , Neiswanger Katherine , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Maher Brion S. , Mooney Mark P. , Siegel Michael I. , Marazita Mary L.
Published: January 2008

Numerous studies have described altered patterns of craniofacial form in the unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic clefts. Unfortunately, results from such studies have been highly variable and have failed to provide a reliable method for differentiating “at‐risk” relatives from controls. In the present study, we compared craniofacial shape between a sample of unaffected relatives (33 females; 14 males) from cleft multiplex families and an equal number of age/sex/ethnicity‐matched controls. Sixteenx,y,zfacial landmark coordinates derived from 3D photogrammetry were analyzed via Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis, while 14 additional linear distances were analyzed viattests. A subset of variables was then entered into a discriminant function analysis (DFA). Compared to controls, female unaffected relatives demonstrated increased upper facial width, midface reduction and lateral displacement of the alar cartilage. DFA correctly classified 70% of female unaffected relatives and 73% of female controls. Male unaffected relatives demonstrated increased upper facial and cranial base width, increased lower facial height and decreased upper facial height compared with controls. DFA correctly classified 86% of male unaffected relatives and 93% of male controls. In both sexes, upper facial width contributed most to group discrimination. Following DFA, unaffected relatives were assigned to risk/liability classes based on the degree of phenotypic divergence from controls. Results indicate that craniofacial shape differences characterizing unaffected relatives are partly sex‐specific and are in broad agreement with previous reports. These findings further suggest that a quantitative assessment of the craniofacial phenotype may allow for the identification of susceptible individuals within nonsyndromic cleft families. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and radiologic findings in an adult male with dysosteosclerosis
Authors: Lemire Edmond G. , Wiebe Sheldon
Published: January 2008

Dysosteosclerosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by osteosclerosis and platyspondyly. A case of dysosteosclerosis in a 17‐year‐old male from our institution was first published by Houston et al. 1978. This patient has survived into adulthood and to our knowledge, is the only reported adult with dysosteosclerosis. We will review the clinical and radiographic features in our patient. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Otitis media with effusion and hearing loss in children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Marchisio Paola , Selicorni Angelo , Pignataro Lorenzo , Milani Donatella , Baggi Elena , Lambertini Lara , Dusi Elisa , Villa Laura , Capaccio Pasquale , Cerutti Marta , Esposito Susanna , Principi Nicola
Published: January 2008

The development of children who have syndromes with mental retardation and/or language delay can be worsened by sensorineural or conductive hearing loss (HL). Given the existing scarcity of data, we investigated the prevalence of otitis media with effusion and/or HL in 50 children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) aged 1–18 years, and its impact on the children's performance. The children underwent otological and audiological examinations in order to ascertain the relative frequencies of otitis media with effusion and/or hearing impairment; their demographic and clinical data were obtained by questionnaires and from information in their medical charts. Otitis media with effusion was diagnosed in 94%, and its prevalence was similar in all age groups; HL was detected in 40 children (80%). Conductive HL due to middle ear effusion was the main cause of hearing impairment alone (60%) or in combination with sensorineural deficit (20%). HL had a negative impact on performance regardless of the type. A history of routine audiological and/or otological assessments was reported by a minority of parents. Our findings indicate that otitis media with effusion and/or HL is an important feature of children with CdLS and may negatively affect their performance. Careful follow‐up throughout childhood is necessary to detect and treat any hearing loss in children with CdLS in order to minimize its impact on performance. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematological and plasma biochemical values for captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
Authors: Wirz Annarita , Truppa Valentina , Riviello M. Cristina
Published: January 2008

Hematological and blood biochemical parameters are of great importance in medical and veterinary practice. Unfortunately, normal reference range intervals for hematological and serum biochemical values in the tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) have seldom been reported. The study reported here is based on data from blood samples collected from 44 monkeys over an 8‐year period. Male and female data are displayed separately within two age categories: juveniles and adults, and effects for sex and age are examined. Significant differences between males and females are found for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and α1 globulin. Significant differences between juveniles and adults are found for neutrophils, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, total protein, serum iron, and some serum protein parameters and albumin/globulin ratio. These values are compared with values we previously reported, and their importance in care and well‐being of captive tufted capuchin monkeys is discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 70:463–472, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐ and long‐term flow forecasting in the Rio Grande watershed (Brazil)
Authors: Tucci Carlos E. M. , Collischonn Walter , Clarke Robin T. , Paz Adriano R. , Allasia Daniel
Published: January 2008

As part of a research project to improve flow forecasts for the operation and planning of Brazilian hydroelectric reservoirs, a large‐scale distributed hydrological model has been used with quantitative precipitation forecasts and an empirical data assimilation procedure. This article summarizes some results obtained for the Rio Grande watershed (145 000 km2), one of the Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX) test beds. For the short‐term horizon (up to 12 days), results show that this methodology can clearly improve real‐time operation of reservoirs. However, longer‐term flow forecasts (time horizon up to 6 months) still require improvement in forecasts from climate models. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A level playing field for biofuels and bioproducts
Authors: Dale Bruce E.
Published: January 2008

Are the ethanol critics merely lazy, or are they pursuing an agenda regardless of the facts? © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
My biomass, your biomass, our solution
Authors: Wilhelm W.W.
Published: January 2008

The USA is pursuing an array of renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass energy and biomass ethanol are key components in this pursuit. Vast amounts of biomass feedstock will be needed to produce sufficient ethanol to meet any of the numerous target production goals. The Billion Ton Vision suggests one billion tons of biomass is needed annually to meet the ‘30x30’ goal (to replace 30% of 2004 levels of fossil transportation fuel use with ethanol by the year 2030). Great advances in technology will be required to produce this enormous quantity of biomasssustainably. These advances will not come about through ill–coordinated, competitive efforts. On the contrary, the problem of sustainably meeting the biofuel feedstock demand while continuing to meet traditional demands for agricultural output is so great that we need to focus all our energies on establishing complementary public energy policy based on facts and candid analysis; on crafting cooperative, coordinated energy goals across agencies; and on creating enthusiastic, dedicated teams of researchers and educators to develop and deploy existing and new technologies.

© 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluation of embryo‐fetal development in rats housed in concrete or hwangto cages during pregnancy
Authors: Lee J. C. , Ahn T. H. , Yang Y. S. , Moon C. J. , Kim S. H. , Kim Y. B. , Park S. C. , Kim J. C.
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND: Recently, it was reported that the 4‐week exposure of rats to a concrete building environment under cool temperatures (11.7–12.1°C) had adverse effects on the general health parameters. This study examined the potential effects of concrete and hwangto building environments on pregnant dams and embryo‐fetal development in Sprague‐Dawley rats. METHODS: Groups of 10 mated females were exposed to polycarbonate (control), concrete, or hwangto cages from gestational days (GD) 0 to 20 under cool temperatures (11.9–12.5°C). All the females underwent a caesarean section on GD 20, and their fetuses were examined for any morphological abnormalities. RESULTS: The temperatures in the cages were similar in all groups but the relative humidity in the concrete and hwangto groups were higher than in the control group. The concentration of volatile organic compounds in the hwangto group during the study period was lower than in the control group. In the concrete group, maternal effects manifested as an increase in the incidence of clinical signs, a lower body weight, and a decrease in the thymus and ovary weights. Developmental effects included increased post‐implantation loss and decreased litter size. In contrast, in the hwangto group, there were no exposure‐related adverse effects on the maternal and developmental parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the exposure of pregnant rats to a concrete building environment under cool temperatures has adverse effects on the clinical signs, body weight, organ weight, and embryo‐fetal development. On the other hand, exposure to a hwangto building environment does not have any adverse effects on pregnant dams or on embryo‐fetal development in rats. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feedback for improving staff training and performance in behavioral treatment programs
Authors: Arco Lucius
Published: January 2008

This paper reviewed observational studies that examined feedback for changing staff performance in behavioral treatment programs for clients with cognitive, developmental, or psychiatric disorders. The research findings were integrated into the main stages of staff training and management: pretraining, training, and posttraining. Specific recommendations for using feedback are made including defining process and outcome form and content before training, providing on‐the‐job supervisory feedback while staff practice self‐generated outcome feedback until competency is demonstrated, and after training, maintaining self‐generated feedback with emphasis on evaluating staff and client interactions with social validity measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendrimers destabilize proteins in a generation‐dependent manner involving electrostatic interactions
Authors: Giehm Lise , Christensen Casper , Boas Ulrik , Heegaard Peter M. H. , Otzen Daniel E.
Published: January 2008

Dendrimers are well‐defined chemical polymers with a characteristic branching pattern that gives rise to attractive features such as antibacterial and antitumor activities as well as drug delivery properties. In addition, dendrimers can solubilize prion protein aggregates at very low concentrations, but their mode of action is unclear. We show that poly(propylene imine) dendrimers based on di‐aminobutane (DAB) and modified with guanidinium surface groups reduce insulin thermostability and solubility considerably at microgram per microliter concentrations, while urea‐modified groups have hardly any effect. Destabilization is markedly generation‐dependent and is most pronounced for generation 3, which is also the most efficient at precipitating insulin. This suggests that proteins can interact with both dendrimer surface and interior. The pH‐dependence reveals that interactions are mainly mediated by electrostatics, confirmed by studies on four other proteins. Ability to precipitate and destabilize are positively correlated, in contrast to conventional small‐molecule denaturants and stabilizers, indicating that surface immobilization of denaturing groups profoundly affects its interactions with proteins. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 522–529, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Creation of Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube Assemblies through Alternative Packing of Complementary Semi‐Artificial β‐1,3‐Glucan/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Numata Munenori , Sugikawa Kouta , Kaneko Kenji , Shinkai Seiji
Published: January 2008

Much attention has been focused on exploiting novel strategies for the creation of hierarchical polymer assemblies by the control of the assembling number or the relative location among neighboring polymers. We here propose a novel strategy toward the creation of “hierarchical” single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) architectures by utilizing SWNT composites with cationic or anionic complementary semi‐artificial β‐1,3‐glucans as “building blocks”. These β‐1,3‐glucans are known to wrap SWNTs helically, to create one‐dimensional superstructural composites. If the cationic composite is neutralized by an anionic composite, a well ordered SWNT‐based sheet structure was created. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed that this sheet structure is composed of highly‐ordered fibrous assemblies of SWNTs. This suggests that the cationic and anionic composites are tightly packed through electrostatic interactions. Moreover, both of the final assembly structures are readily tunable by adjusting the cation/anion ratio. The self‐assembling modulation of functional polymers is associated with the progress in ultimate nanotechnologies, thus enabling us to create numerous functional nanomaterials. We believe, therefore, that the present system will extend the frontier of SWNT research to assembly chemistry including “hierarchical” superstructures.
Module Assembly for Protein‐Surface Recognition: Geranylgeranyltransferase I Bivalent Inhibitors for Simultaneous Targeting of Interior and Exterior Protein Surfaces
Authors: Machida Shinnosuke , Usuba Kakeru , Blaskovich Michelle A. , Yano Akiko , Harada Kazuo , Sebti Saïd M. , Kato Nobuo , Ohkanda Junko
Published: January 2008

Synthetic chemical probes designed to simultaneously targeting multiple sites of protein surfaces are of interest owing to their potential application as site specific modulators of protein–protein interactions. A new approach toward bivalent inhibitors of mammalian type I geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase I) based on module assembly for simultaneous recognition of both interior and exterior protein surfaces is reported. The inhibitors synthesized in this study consist of two modules linked by an alkyl spacer; one is the tetrapeptide CVIL module for binding to the interior protein surface (active pocket) and the other is a 3,4,5‐alkoxy substituted benzoyl motif that contains three aminoalkyl groups designed to bind to the negatively charged protein exterior surface near the active site. The compounds were screened by two distinct enzyme inhibition assays based on fluorescence spectroscopy and incorporation of a [3H]‐labeled prenyl group onto a protein substrate. The bivalent inhibitors block GGTase I enzymatic activity with Ki values in the submicromolar range and are approximately one order of magnitude and more than 150 times more effective than the tetrapeptide CVIL and the methyl benzoate derivatives, respectively. The bivalent compounds 6 and 8 were shown to be competitive inhibitors, suggesting that the CVIL module anchors the whole molecule to the GGTase I active site and delivers the other module to the targeting protein surface. Thus, our module‐assembly approach resulted in simultaneous multiple‐site recognition, and as a consequence, synergetic inhibition of GGTase I activity, thereby providing a new approach in designing protein‐surface‐directed inhibitors for targeting protein–protein interactions.
Efficient Synthesis of the Structural Core of Tetracyclines by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Tsuji–Trost–Heck–Mizoroki Reaction
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Redert Thomas , Bell Hubertus P. , Hellkamp Sascha , Levy Laura M.
Published: January 2008

The Pd‐catalyzed domino Tsuji–Trost–Heck–Mizoroki reactions of compounds 18, 27, and 34, respectively, each containing an allyl acetate and a halogen aryl moiety, lead to the formation of hexahydronaphthacenes 2 and 3 and octahydroanthracene 4 in 62–81 % yield. The octahydroanthracene and hexahydronaphthacene motifs are found in many natural products, for example, the tetracycline antibiotics.
Direct assignment of the absolute configuration of molecules from crystal morphology
Authors: Weissbuch Isabelle , Leiserowitz Leslie , Lahav Meir
Published: January 2008

A method for direct assignment of the absolute configuration of molecules and the absolute structures of polar crystals, independent to that of Bijvoet, is described. The method correlates between the two‐dimensional packing arrangement of specific faces, that delineate crystals during their growth and dissolution, with molecules present in the environment. The structural information stored in these faces is transferred to “tailor‐made” molecules added to the solvent by controlled morphological changes induced to the growing crystals and by the creation of etch pits at specific crystal faces during their dissolution. In addition, the “tailor‐made” molecules are occluded enantioselectively as guests within specific sectors of the host crystals. The method is illustrated for a variety of molecules and crystals including the assignment of the absolute configuration of several α‐amino acids as “tailor‐made” additives in centrosymmetric crystals of glycine and serine, for the absolute structure of polar crystals of sugars and α‐amino acids and consequently the absolute configuration of molecules packed in such crystals. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPLC enantioseparation and absolute configuration of novel anti‐inflammatory pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Biava Mariangela , Cirilli Roberto , Fares Vincenzo , Ferretti Rosella , Gallinella Bruno , La Torre Francesco , Poce Giovanna , Porretta Giulio Cesare , Supino Sibilla , Villani Claudio
Published: January 2008

The assignment of the absolute configuration of novel anti‐inflammatory pyrrole derivatives has been accomplished by a combined strategy based on independent physical methods. The key step of our stereochemical characterization approach is the production at mg‐scale of enantiomerically pure forms by HPLC on Chiralpak IA stationary phase. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A consideration of the patentability of enantiomers in the pharmaceutical industry in the United States
Authors: Miller Chris P. , Ullrich John W.
Published: January 2008

During the last thirty years, concern over stereoselectivity of drug action has drawn a great deal of interest within the pharmaceutical field due to an improved understanding of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of enantiomers. Developing single enantiomers versus racemates or introducing a single enantiomer following the development of the racemic mixture appears to be the new trend. The intellectual property status of single enantiomers from racemates may be unclear. Drug discoverers and patent attorneys must examine the examples of the past to establish an appropriate pathway towards the development and intellectual property protection of chiral drugs. The review will focus on the patenting of an enantiomer in view of the prior art disclosure for the racemic mixture. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of absolute configuration—An overview related to this Special Issue
Authors: Allenmark Stig , Gawronski Jacek
Published: January 2008

Rapid progress in asymmetric synthesis stimulated a further development of methods and techniques for the determination of absolute configuration of chiral molecules. In recent years the direct methods, i.e. X‐ray diffraction analysis, circular dichroism (vibrational and electronic), Raman optical activity, optical rotation measurements, as well as indirect methods for relative configuration assignment with the use of NMR spectroscopy or enzymatic transformations, are receiving increasing attention not only by specialists in the field but also by synthetic and structural chemists alike. This paper provides a short overview of the methods currently used, as well as references to contributions collected in this Thematic Issue of Chirality. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single diastereomers of unsymmetrical tris‐spirocyclic cyclotriphosphazenes based on 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol—Synthesis and structures
Authors: Bhuvan Kumar N. N. , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: January 2008

Diastereoselective synthesis and characterization of chiral unsymmetrical tris‐spirocyclic cyclotriphosphazenes based on chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) are reported. Specifically, the chiral compounds (−)N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](O‐2,2′C6H4‐C6H4O)Cl2 [(−)‐4] and (−)N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](OCH2CH2NMe)2 [(−)‐5] are prepared by starting with the chiral mono‐spiro compound (−)N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2]Cl4 [(−)‐3]. Synthesis of four other chiral spirocyclics, N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](OCH2CH2 NMe)(O‐2,2′C6H4‐C6H4O)[(−)‐6 and (+)‐6], N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](NMe2)4 [(−)‐7], N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](O‐2,2′C6H4‐C6H4O)(NMeCH2CH2OH)2 [(−)‐8 and (+)‐8], and N3P3[1,1′‐O2(C10H6)2](O‐2,2′C6H4‐C6H4O)[NHCH2CH2CH2Si(OEt)3]2 (9) is also reported herein. Compounds 4–6 are obtained in the solid state diastereoselectively and their X‐ray structures have been determined and discussed. The diastereoselectivity is also shown by structural characterization of two distinct isomers in the case of 6 [(−)‐6 and (+)‐6, respectively] by starting with precursor of 3 having (R) or (S)‐BINOL residue. The 1H NMR spectra of 7 and 8 exhibit doublets with virtual coupling for the methyl protons, consistent with the chiral nature of the binaphthoxy residue. The potential of 9, which hydrolyzes readily in CDCl3 solution, as a useful precursor for chiral polymer applications is highlighted. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equity recognition of mandatory accounting changes: the case of transitional goodwill impairment losses
Authors: Lapointe‐Antunes Pascale , Cormier Denis , Magnan Michel
Published: January 2008

This study investigates if and how the use of the retroactive method to account for a mandatory accounting change affects a firm's measurement and recognition choices. We examine if reporting incentives and constraints are associated with the magnitude of transitional goodwill impairment losses reported by Canadian firms implementing Section 3062 on purchased goodwill. Our results indicate firms have an incentive to both overstate and understate transitional goodwill impairment losses. We also show that financially literate and independent audit committees constrain managerial opportunism. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcatheter Closure of Large Atrial Septal Defects in 18 Patients
Authors: Guan Zhanjun , Qin Yongwen , Zhao Xianxian , Ding Jijun , Zheng Xing , Nguyen Vince
Published: January 2008

Purpose

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects (ASD).

Methods

Eighteen patients diagnosed as ostium secundum defect with a diameter of 30‐40 mm were enrolled in this study. With the guidance of echocardiography and fluoroscopy, the Amplazter occlusion devices were implanted percutaneously through the femoral vein.

Results

A small residual left‐to‐right shunt was detected with echocardiography immediately postprocedure but resolved after 1 week. The occlusion devices remained in proper position, and there was no residual shunt at 1‐ and 29‐month follow‐ups. Cardiac function and atrial sizes improved significantly as compared with the preclosure states.

Conclusions

Transcatheter closure of large atrial septal defects with the Amplazter occlusion device is feasible, safe and effective. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Search of the False‐negative Exercise Treadmill Testing Evidence‐based Use of Exercise Echocardiography
Authors: Southard Jeffrey , Baker Larry , Schaefer Saul
Published: January 2008

Background

Controversy exists regarding the role of exercise treadmill testing (ETT) versus exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) as the appropriate initial noninvasive test to risk‐stratify patients with chest pain. The majority of studies to date that evaluated these methodologies included patients with poor functional status and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, potentially limiting the sensitivity of ETT.

Hypothesis

We examined the hypothesis that given stringent standards of exercise duration and ECG interpretability, the ETT would have a high diagnostic sensitivity for the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

Results of concurrent ETT and ESE in 3,098 patients were examined, and the subset of patients with a negative ETT and positive ESE (−ETT/ + ESE) were reviewed for the presence of CAD as a function of exercise duration (< or ≥ 6 min) and baseline ECG normality.

Results

In those patients with a − ETT/ + ESE who exercised ≥ 6 min, 54 had a normal baseline ECG, 22 underwent angiography and 6 had CAD (all of whom had either small, grafted or collateralized vessels). Patients with a − ETT/ + ESE who were incapable of exercising 6 min were more frequently older and female. Mortality was significantly greater in the < 6 min exercise duration group (31.4 versus 3.1%).

Conclusions

These findings support the use of the ETT without imaging as the initial test in patients with chest pain who have a normal baseline ECG and are able to exercise 6 min. Using these criteria, false negative findings are generally seen in patients without critical large vessel epicardial disease. The ESE should be reserved as the initial test for patients with an abnormal baseline ECG or reduced functional capacity. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors Associated with Non‐adherence to Therapy with Warfarin in a Population of Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Pamboukian Salpy V. , Nisar Imran , Patel Sheetal , Gu Liping , McLeod Mary , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Heroux Alain
Published: January 2008

Background

Adherence to heart failure therapy is important in reducing morbidity and mortality over the course of the disease process. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with non‐adherence to warfarin in chronic heart failure patients.

Methods

Eighty patients receiving warfarin therapy in 2002 were included. Adherence was defined as maintenance of international normalized ratio (INR) between 2 and 3.5 and keeping scheduled appointments for INR checks at least 75% of the time. Clinical variables examined included age, gender, race, insurance, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), etiology, New York heart association (NYHA) class, comorbidities, smoking, and alcohol use.

Results

Of 80 patients studied, 59 were male with mean age ( ± standard deviation) 52 ± 13 years, 24 had ischemic etiology with mean LVEF of 24% ± 9%. Non‐adherence was associated with tobacco use, odds ratio of 6.5 (p <0.01). Ischemic etiology was associated with adherence, odds ratio of 4.5 (p <0.01). Non‐adherent patients were more likely to be insured with Medicare/Medicaid (p = 0.04) and have better NYHA class (p = 0.04). Adherence positively correlated with older age and lower LVEF, and negatively correlated with number of hospitalizations (p<0.01 for all). In a multiple regression model, patients with improvement in LVEF had decreased adherence over the year (p<0.01).

Conclusions

The profile of heart failure patients who demonstrated non‐adherence to warfarin therapy included younger age, nonischemic etiology, better NYHA class, smoking, insurance with Medicare/Medicaid and improved LVEF over the study. Measures targeting these patients may result in improved adherence to other pharmacologic treatments of heart failure. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of Coronary Artery Fistulas by Multidetector Computed Tomography: Is Multidetector Computed Tomography Sensitive?
Authors: Kacmaz Fehmi , Isiksalan Ozbulbul Nilgun , Alyan Omer , Maden Orhan , Demir Ahmet Duran , Atak Ramazan , Senen Kubilay , Erbay Ali Riza , Balbay Yucel , Olcer Tulay , Ilkay Erdogan
Published: January 2008

Background

Coronary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a recently developed imaging technique for detecting coronary artery stenosis, coronary artery anomalies, and coronary artery fistulas and their courses.

Objective

We aimed to determine accuracy or sensitivity of MDCT in patients having CAF.

Method

We evaluated 13 patients with 15 CAFs detected earlier by coronary angiography. MDCT was carried out on all patients and the results were compared with coronary angiography, following which, sensitivity of MDCT was detected.

Results

Eleven of 15 CAFs were shown on MDCT and the overall sensitivity of MDCT was found to be 73%. Seven of 8 CAFs that coursed between two vascular structures were detected and the sensitivity of MDCT in this group was found to be 87%. However, the sensitivity of 58% of MDCT in patients with fistula coursing between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers was found.

Conclusion

Although coronary angiography is the gold standard diagnostic test for detection of CAF, MDCT may be an alternative test, especially, for CAF coursing between vascular structures, to detect origin, course, and the drainage site of fistula through its excellent spatial resolution and ability to show relationship of anatomic structures. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR), receptor activity‐modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the rat trigeminovascular system: Differences between peripheral and central CGRP receptor distribution
Authors: Lennerz Jochen K. , Rühle Victor , Ceppa Eugene P. , Neuhuber Winfried L. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Grady Eileen F. , Messlinger Karl
Published: January 2008

CGRP meets its receptor in the rat dura mater. The CGRP receptor protein CLR (green) is expressed in smooth muscle cells (blue, SMA) in the media of meningeal arteries (left) but not in veins (right upper half). CLR is also found in trigeminal nerve bundles and mononuclear cells adjacent to the arteries. CGRP‐receptor components are however not colocalized with axonal CGRP (red) in the dura, but expressed in Schwann cells (not visible at this magnification). J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1277‐1299, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.