bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of $$qqq{\bar{q}}Q$$ pentaquark system in the chiral quark model
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Xiao-Huang , He Bing-Ran , Ping Jia-Lun
Published: March 2021

With the discovery of some hidden-charm pentaquark resonances by the LHCb Collaboration, investigations of pentaquark states containing heavy quarks have aroused the interest of theorists. We study herein $$qqq{\bar{q}}Q$$

q
q
q

q

¯

Q

($$q = u$$

q
=
u

or d, $$Q=c$$

Q
=
c

or b) pentaquark system, in the framework of the chiral quark model. In consequence, some charmed and bottomed pentaquarks are considered to exist by five-body dynamical calculations. In the charm sector, $$\Sigma _c\pi (IJ^P=0\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

Σ
c

π

(
I

J
P

=
0

1
2

-

)

and $$\Sigma _c^*\pi (IJ^P=0\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

Σ
c
∗

π

(
I

J
P

=
0

3
2

-

)

are possible candidates of $$\Lambda _c(2595)$$

Λ
c

(
2595
)

and $$\Lambda _c(2625)$$

Λ
c

(
2625
)

, respectively. Besides, two high-spin states, $$\Sigma _c^*\rho (IJ^P=0\frac{5}{2}^-)$$

Σ
c
∗

ρ

(
I

J
P

=
0

5
2

-

)

and $$\Delta D^*(IJ^P=1\frac{5}{2}^-)$$

Δ

D
∗

(
I

J
P

=
1

5
2

-

)

, are also found in the energy region of $$3.2 \sim 3.3$$

3.2
∼
3.3

GeV. In the bottom sector, $$\Sigma _b\pi (IJ^P=0\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

Σ
b

π

(
I

J
P

=
0

1
2

-

)

, $$\Sigma _b^*\pi (IJ^P=0\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

Σ
b
∗

π

(
I

J
P

=
0

3
2

-

)

could be candidates of $$\Lambda _b(5912)$$

Λ
b

(
5912
)

and $$\Lambda _b(5920)$$

Λ
b

(
5920
)

, respectively. And $$\Sigma _b^*\rho (IJ^P=0\frac{5}{2}^-)$$

Σ
b
∗

ρ

(
I

J
P

=
0

5
2

-

)

and $$\Delta B^*(IJ^P=1\frac{5}{2}^-)$$

Δ

B
∗

(
I

J
P

=
1

5
2

-

)

are found in the energy region of $$6.5 \sim 6.6$$

6.5
∼
6.6

GeV. $$\Sigma _c^{(*)}\pi $$

Σ
c

(

∗
)

π

and $$\Sigma _b^{(*)}\pi $$

Σ
b

(

∗
)

π

are expected as compact states, while $$\Sigma _c^*\rho $$

Σ
c
∗

ρ

, $$\Sigma _b^*\rho $$

Σ
b
∗

ρ

, $$\Delta D^*$$

Δ

D
∗

and $$\Delta B^*$$

Δ

B
∗

are expected as molecular states.
Mackenzie–Peel Platform and Ellesmerian Foreland Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, northwestern Canada
Authors: Fallas Karen M. , MacNaughton Robert B. , Hannigan Peter K. , MacLean Bernard C.
Published: March 2021

The Mackenzie–Peel Platform Tectono-Sedimentary Element (TSE), and the overlying Ellesmerian Foreland TSE, consist of Cambrian–Early Carboniferous shelf and slope sedimentary deposits in Canada's northern Interior Plains. In this chapter, these elements are combined into the Mackenzie–Ellesmerian Composite TSE. The history of the area includes early extensional faulting and subsidence in the Mackenzie Trough, passive-margin deposition across the Mackenzie–Peel Platform, local uplift and erosion along the Keele Arch, subsidence and deposition in the Ellesmerian Foreland, possible minor folding during the Ellesmerian Orogeny, and folding and faulting in Cretaceous–Eocene time associated with the development of the Canadian Cordillera. Recorded petroleum discoveries are within Cambrian sandstone (Mount Clark Formation), Devonian carbonate strata (Ramparts and Fort Norman formations) and Devonian shale (Canol Formation). Additional oil and gas shows are documented from Cambrian–Silurian carbonate units (Franklin Mountain and Mount Kindle formations), Devonian carbonate units (Arnica, Landry and Bear Rock formations) and Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous siliciclastic units (Imperial and Tuttle formations). Petroleum exploration activity within the area has occurred in several phases since 1920, most of it associated with the one producing oilfield at Norman Wells.
Improving Semantic Coherence of Gujarati Text Topic Model Using Inflectional Forms Reduction and Single-letter Words Removal
Authors: Chauhan Uttam , Shah Apurva
Published: March 2021

A topic model is one of the best stochastic models for summarizing an extensive collection of text. It has accomplished an inordinate achievement in text analysis as well as text summarization. It can be employed to the set of documents that are represented as a bag-of-words, without considering grammar and order of the words. We modeled the topics for Gujarati news articles corpus. As the Gujarati language has a diverse morphological structure and inflectionally rich, Gujarati text processing finds more complexity. The size of the vocabulary plays an important role in the inference process and quality of topics. As the vocabulary size increases, the inference process becomes slower and topic semantic coherence decreases. If the vocabulary size is diminished, then the topic inference process can be accelerated. It may also improve the quality of topics. In this work, the list of suffixes has been prepared that encounters too frequently with words in Gujarati text. The inflectional forms have been reduced to the root words concerning the suffixes in the list. Moreover, Gujarati single-letter words have been eliminated for faster inference and better quality of topics. Experimentally, it has been proved that if inflectional forms are reduced to their root words, then vocabulary length is shrunk to a significant extent. It also caused the topic formation process quicker. Moreover, the inflectional forms reduction and single-letter word removal enhanced the interpretability of topics. The interpretability of topics has been assessed on semantic coherence, word length, and topic size. The experimental results showed improvements in the topical semantic coherence score. Also, the topic size grew notably as the number of tokens assigned to the topics increased.
Organization and Self-Assembly Away from Equilibrium: Toward Thermodynamic Design Principles
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Qiu Yuqing , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: March 2021

Studies of biological systems and materials, together with recent experimental and theoretical advances in colloidal and nanoscale materials, have shown how nonequilibrium forcing can be used to modulate organization in many novel ways. In this review, we focus on how an accounting of energy dissipation, using the tools of stochastic thermodynamics, can constrain and provide intuition for the correlations and configurations that emerge in a nonequilibrium process. We anticipate that the frameworks reviewed here can provide a starting point to address some of the unique phenomenology seen in biophysical systems and potentially replicate them in synthetic materials.
Enhanced NO2 Gas Sensing Performance of Multigate Pt/AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Ranjan Akhil , Lingaparthi Ravikiran , Dharmarasu Nethaji , Radhakrishnan K.
Published: March 2021

We report on Pt/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based gas sensor with interdigitated electrodes for NO2 sensing in the temperature range of 30 °C–300 °C. The effect of the length of platinum functionalization layer (gate length), gas detection limit and the activation energies were investigated in this work. It was found that the sensor with the shortest gate length exhibited the lowest sensing response, but highest responsivity and vice versa. The sensing response of 1.2% with the corresponding ΔI of 400 μA was obtained for 50 ppb of NO2 concentration, which is the lowest NO2 concentration reported for Pt/AlGaN/GaN HEMT based sensors. Both the efficient sensing mechanism of the interdigitated electrodes and the catalytic property of platinum functionalization layer enable higher sensing response and lower detection limit for NO2. Activation energies of 0.33 eV/ion and 0.64 eV/ion for adsorption and desorption of O− ions, respectively have been determined in these sensors.
A nonolfactory shark adenosine receptor activates CFTR with unique pharmacology and structural features
Authors: Bhanot Sumeet , Hemminger Gabriele , Martin Cole L. , Aller Stephen G. , Forrest John N.
Published: March 2021

Adenosine receptors (ADORs) are G protein-coupled purinoceptors that have several functions including regulation of chloride secretion via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human airway and kidney. We cloned an ADOR from Squalus acanthias (shark) that likely regulates CFTR in the rectal gland. Phylogenic and expression analyses indicate that elasmobranch ADORs are nonolfactory and appear to represent extant predecessors of mammalian ADORs. We therefore designate the shark ADOR as the A0 receptor. We coexpressed A0 with CFTR in Xenopus laevis oocytes and characterized the coupling of A0 to the chloride channel. Two-electrode voltage clamping was performed, and current-voltage ( I-V) responses were recorded to monitor CFTR status. Only in A0- and CFTR-coinjected oocytes did adenosine analogs produce a significant concentration-dependent activation of CFTR consistent with its electrophysiological signature. A pharmacological profile for A0 was obtained for ADOR agonists and antagonists that differed markedly from all mammalian ADOR subtypes [agonists: R-phenyl-isopropyl adenosine (R-PIA) > S-phenyl-isopropyl adenosine (S-PIA) > CGS21680 > N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) > 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAdo) > CV1808 = N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]adenosine (DPMA) > N-ethyl-carboxyl adenosine (NECA); and antagonists: 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) > PD115199 > 1,3-dimethyl-8-phenylxanthine (8PT) > CGS15943]. Structures of human ADORs permitted a high-confidence homology model of the shark A0 core that revealed unique structural features of ancestral receptors. We conclude that 1) A0 is a novel and unique adenosine receptor ancestor by functional and structural criteria; 2) A0 likely activates CFTR in vivo, and this receptor activates CFTR in oocytes, indicating an evolutionary coupling between ADORs and chloride secretion; and 3) A0 appears to be a nonolfactory evolutionary ancestor of all four mammalian ADOR subtypes.
Hyaluronan/CD44 axis regulates S100A4-mediated mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Xia Hong , Herrera Jeremy , Smith Karen , Yang Libang , Gilbertsen Adam , Benyumov Alexy , Racila Emilian , Bitterman Peter B. , Henke Craig A.
Published: March 2021

Despite modest improvement in patient outcomes from recent advances in pharmacotherapy targeting fibrogenic signaling pathways, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a major unsolved clinical problem. One reason for this is that available antifibrotic agents slow down but do not arrest fibrotic progression. To arrest fibrotic progression, its obligatory drivers need to be identified. We previously discovered that fibrogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are key drivers of fibrotic progression in IPF, serving as cells of origin for disease-mediating myofibroblasts. IPF MPCs have high levels of nuclear S100A4, which interacts with the proteasome to promote p53 degradation and self-renewal. However, the mechanism underlying S100A4 accumulation in the nucleus of IPF MPCs remains unknown. Here we show that hyaluronan (HA) is present in the fibroblastic focus together with CD44-expressing MPCs and that ligation of CD44 by HA triggers S100A4 nuclear translocation to support IPF MPC self-renewal. The mechanism involves HA-mediated formation of a CD44/S100A4/transportin 1 complex, which promotes S100A4 nuclear import. In a humanized mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, IPF MPC fibrogenicity was significantly attenuated by 1) knockdown of CD44 or 2) introduction of an S100A4 mutant construct that prevents S100A4 nuclear import. These data indicate that signaling through the HA/CD44/S100A4 axis is an integral component of IPF MPC fibrogenicity.
Newer insights into the pathobiological and pharmacological basis of the sex disparity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hye Tanvirul , Dwivedi Pankaj , Li Wei , Lahm Tim , Nozik-Grayck Eva , Stenmark Kurt R. , Ahsan Fakhrul
Published: March 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects more women than men, although affected females tend to survive longer than affected males. This sex disparity in PAH is postulated to stem from the diverse roles of sex hormones in disease etiology. In animal models, estrogens appear to be implicated not only in pathologic remodeling of pulmonary arteries, but also in protection against right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. In contrast, the male sex hormone testosterone is associated with reduced survival in male animals, where it is associated with increased RV mass, volume, and fibrosis. However, it also has a vasodilatory effect on pulmonary arteries. Furthermore, patients of both sexes show varying degrees of response to current therapies for PAH. As such, there are many gaps and contradictions regarding PAH development, progression, and therapeutic interventions in male versus female patients. Many of these questions remain unanswered, which may be due in part to lack of effective experimental models that can consistently reproduce PAH pulmonary microenvironments in their sex-specific forms. This review article summarizes the roles of estrogens and related sex hormones, immunological and genetical differences, and the benefits and limitations of existing experimental tools to fill in gaps in our understanding of the sex-based variation in PAH development and progression. Finally, we highlight the potential of a new tissue chip-based model mimicking PAH-afflicted male and female pulmonary arteries to study the sex-based differences in PAH and to develop personalized therapies based on patient sex and responsiveness to existing and new drugs.
Virtual Reality Technology of Multi UAVEarthquake Disaster Path Optimization
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Ensheng
Published: March 2021

China is a country with frequent earthquake disasters. After the occurrence of earthquake disasters, the key to disaster monitoring and rescue is to quickly obtain images of postdisaster areas. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning is the core of multi-UAV cooperative control. With the increasing popularity of UAVs, people with more complex living environments contact with UAVs more frequently, which also poses a challenge to the overall control of UAVs, making single UAV and even multi-UAV cooperative path planning become a hot research issue in recent years. The complexity of communication between aircraft in three-dimensional flight space and multidegree of freedom navigation makes multi-UAV cooperation more challenging. According to the research results at home and abroad, this paper takes multitarget tracking algorithm, ant colony algorithm, and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm as research methods. Based on virtual reality technology, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several algorithms, the research model of path optimization is established, and a multitarget detection method based on virtual reality technology is established. Through the analysis and improvement of multitarget tracking algorithm, ant colony algorithm, and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, the path optimization problem of UAV after an earthquake based on virtual reality technology is studied. The results show that, compared with the previous research models, the overall optimization efficiency of UAV route is improved by 15%, which is more practical.
Desperate Times Call for Desperate Measures: Use of Continuous Subcutaneous 1-34 PTH Infusion for Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Haider Adnan , Symczyk Oksana , Couso Yadel , Cater Taylor , Bryan Sheree
Published: March 2021

Objective. This case highlights use of 1-34 PTH continuous infusion in a patient with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Method. Clinical presentation and biochemical profile were monitored before and after 1-34 PTH infusion, with notable reduction in pill burden in a patient with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Results. We present a case of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy for Graves disease. The patient was requiring a total of 34 pills daily and, despite medication compliance, her clinical and biochemical control was unsatisfactory. Following initiation of 1-34 PTH in the form of a subcutaneous pump, we were able to stop all calcium supplementation and reduce calcitriol to 0.5 mcg daily. Her current biochemical control as well as quality of life improved significantly on CSPI, calcitriol, and a daily serving of dietary calcium. Conclusion. This case highlights the use of 1-34 PTH either as twice-daily dosing or continuous subcutaneous infusion for adult patients with hypoparathyroidism.
Propagation of Uncertain Events in Multilevel Handlings at Container Terminals from the Perspective of Hypernetwork
Authors: Xu Bowei , Wang Lingling , Li Junjun
Published: March 2021

Due to the complexity and dynamics of container terminal multilevel handlings, the occurrence of uncertain events often leads to the disruption of many operation plans and forms a chain reaction, resulting in economic losses and impacts. In this paper, the uncertain event propagation network model of container terminal multilevel handlings is constructed by using the hypernetwork theory, and the propagation influence of uncertain events between multilevel handlings at container terminals is considered. Through the topological characteristics of the uncertain event propagation network, the risk analysis is carried out for the relevance of nodes and the influence extent of uncertain events, and a simulation analysis is carried out to verify the validity of this model. The simulation results show that the model conforms to power law distribution, and the number of old nodes has an impact on the growth of hyperedge. The research provides a powerful tool for analysing the influence of uncertain events and their derivative events in the multilevel handlings at container terminals and has positive significance for reducing the losses caused by the changes of terminal plans and improving the operation efficiency.
[Retracted] Optimum Feature Selection with Particle Swarm Optimization to Face Recognition System Using Gabor Wavelet Transform and Deep Learning
Authors: Ahmed Sulayman , Frikha Mondher , Hussein Taha Darwassh Hanawy , Rahebi Javad
Published: March 2021

In this study, Gabor wavelet transform on the strength of deep learning which is a new approach for the symmetry face database is presented. A proposed face recognition system was developed to be used for different purposes. We used Gabor wavelet transform for feature extraction of symmetry face training data, and then, we used the deep learning method for recognition. We implemented and evaluated the proposed method on ORL and YALE databases with MATLAB 2020a. Moreover, the same experiments were conducted applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the feature selection approach. The implementation of Gabor wavelet feature extraction with a high number of training image samples has proved to be more effective than other methods in our study. The recognition rate when implementing the PSO methods on the ORL database is 85.42% while it is 92% with the three methods on the YALE database. However, the use of the PSO algorithm has increased the accuracy rate to 96.22% for the ORL database and 94.66% for the YALE database.
Whether Intracranial Aneurysm Could Be Well Treated by Flow Diversion: A Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis of Large‐Sample Studies including Anterior and Posterior Circulation
Authors: Wang Yingjin , Yuan Changwei , Shen Shengli , Xu Liqing , Duan Hongzhou
Published: March 2021

Background. Flow diversion (FD) has become a widely adopted treatment method for intracranial aneurysms in the clinic, but a comprehensive meta‐analysis of large‐sample studies including anterior and posterior circulation is still lacking. Methods. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched between January 1, 2008, and December 1, 2019. A random‐effect model was used to calculate the efficacy and safety data as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. The pooled sample size of all included studies was 6695 patients; the mean age was 55.5 years old, with a total of 7406 aneurysms. For efficacy, the complete occlusion rate in angiographic follow‐up (AFU) at 6 months was 78% (95% CI, 0.77, 0.80), and the AFU rate at 6‐12 months was 90% (95% CI, 0.88, 0.92). For safety, the hemorrhagic event rate was 2%, the ischemic event rate was 5%, and the mortality rate was 3%. Conclusion. FD is an effective and safe treatment for intracranial aneurysm with high complete occlusion rate and acceptable complication rate.
Weakened Effective Connectivity Related to Electroacupuncture in Stroke Patients with Prolonged Flaccid Paralysis: An EEG Pilot Study
Authors: Lin Yi-Fang , Liu Xin-Hua , Cui Zheng-Yu , Song Zuo-Ting , Zou Fei , Chen Shu-Geng , Kang Xiao-Yang , Ye Bin , Wang Qiang , Tian Jing , Jia Jie
Published: March 2021

Flaccid paralysis in the upper extremity is a severe motor impairment after stroke, which exists for weeks, months, or even years. Electroacupuncture treatment is one of the most widely used TCM therapeutic interventions for poststroke flaccid paralysis. However, the response to electroacupuncture in different durations of flaccid stage poststroke as well as in the topological configuration of the cortical network remains unclear. The objectives of this study are to explore the disruption of the cortical network in patients in different durations of flaccid stage and observe dynamic network reorganization during and after electroacupuncture. Resting-state networks were constructed from 18 subjects with flaccid upper extremity by partial directed coherence (PDC) analysis of multichannel EEG. They were allocated to three groups according to time after flaccid paralysis: the short-duration group (those with flaccidity for less than two months), the medium-duration group (those with flaccidity between two months and six months), and the long-duration group (those with flaccidity over six months). Compared with short-duration flaccid subjects, weakened effective connectivity was presented in medium-duration and long-duration groups before electroacupuncture. The long-duration group has no response in the cortical network during electroacupuncture. The global network measures of EEG data (sPDC, mPDC, and

N

) indicated that there was no significant difference among the three groups. These results suggested that the network connectivity reduced and weakly responded to electroacupuncture in patients with flaccid paralysis for over six months. These findings may help us to modulate the formulation of electroacupuncture treatment according to different durations of the flaccid upper extremity.
Cyclin H Regulates Lung Cancer Progression as a Carcinoma Inducer
Authors: Mao Lili , Ling Xu , Chen Ji
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Studies have previously shown that Cyclin H (CCNH) is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of many cancers. The increasing research in CCNH is associated with the poor prognosis of most human cancers. Early diagnosis and clinical treatment are still the main challenges for lung cancer treatment. However, the exact role of CCNH in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer remains unclear. Methods. The Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Association (CPTAC) database were analyzed to detect key genes that might play an important role in lung cancer. The biological functions of CCNH were further revealed through bioinformatics experiments. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to explore the relationship between CCNH expression and prognosis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of CCNH in 6 lung cancer tissues and 3 cancer cell lines. The effect of CCNH expression on lung cancer progression was studied by in vitro functional experiments. Results. Database analysis screened out candidate oncogenes, and CCNH was of great significance to the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. The higher the expression of CCNH was, the lower the survival rate of lung cancer patients were. The qRT-PCR data illustrated that the CCNH expression level was largely increased in lung cancer tissues and cells. The reduction of CCNH inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusion. CCNH was related to poor prognosis, suggesting that CCNH regulated the tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer. Our study suggested that CCNH was a promising biomarker and target in the treatment of lung cancer.
Variable Anatomy of the Middle Cerebral Artery from Its Origin to the Edge of the Sylvian Fissure: A Direct Fresh Brain Study
Authors: Oo Eve M. , Saw Khin E. E. , Oo Hnin N. , Than Thida , Thida Khin
Published: March 2021

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a major artery supplying blood to the brain and a common site of surgically treatable intracranial aneurysms. The MCA has anatomic variations that may have clinical significance. In order to investigate and document the extent of such variations, the MCA in 100 fresh brain hemispheres from 50 deceased patients, obtained from the Police Surgeon Office, Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar, was dissected and examined. Double MCA was observed in 2% of specimens. The termination patterns were bifurcation (72%), trifurcation (16%), and primary trunk (12%); early bifurcation was also observed (3%). The mean length of the main trunk (MT) was 20.6 ± 6.2 mm. The number of perforators ranged from 4 to 15 (mean = 9); most arose from the MT (96%), and the others originated at the bifurcation point (3%) and in postbifurcation divisions (1%). All of the perforators (100%) had a single branching pattern. The number of cortical branches ranged from 6 to 13 and included the orbitofrontal (98%), prefrontal (99%), precentral (95%), central (98%), temporopolar (87%), anterior temporal (89%), middle temporal (24%), posterior temporal (62%), temporo-occipital (69%), anterior parietal (88%), angular (83%), and posterior parietal (57%) arteries. Early cortical branches emerged from the MT in 52% of specimens. These data can help anatomists, radiologists, and neurosurgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical planning, and selection of surgical approach.
On Generalized Rational
α
−
Geraghty Contraction Mappings in
G
−
Metric Spaces
Authors: Priyobarta N. , Khomdram Bulbul , Rohen Yumnam , Saleem Naeem
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we discuss about various generalizations of

α
−

admissible mappings. Furthermore, we extend the concept of

α
−

admissible to generalize rational

α
−

Geraghty contraction in

G
−

metric space. With this new contraction mapping, we establish some fixed-point theorems in

G
−

metric space. The obtained result is verified with an example.
Aerodynamic Optimization Design of a Supersonic Compressor Rotor with High Pressure Ratio
Authors: Cui Cui , Zhou Zhenggui , Liu Endor
Published: March 2021

Supersonic compressors have a high wheel speed and operational capability, which facilitate a high stage pressure ratio. However, the strong shock waves in the passage of a supersonic rotor and the interference between shock waves and boundary layers can lead to large flow loss and low efficiency. Moreover, the existing design of a high-load supersonic compressor has the problem of small stall margin. In this study, an automatic optimization method including 2D profile optimization and 3D blade optimization is proposed to achieve a high efficiency at the design point of a supersonic compressor rotor under the premise of reaching the desired mass flow rate and total pressure ratio. According to the analysis of flow near the stall point of the supersonic compressor rotor, the mechanism responsible for rotor tip stall is established, that is, the aerodynamic throat appeared inside the flow passage, reducing the ability of the blade tip to withstand back pressure, and the low-speed areas caused by the tip-leakage-vortex breakage and boundary layer separation reduced the flow capacity of the blade tip. Based on the reasons for rotor stall, three methods are proposed to improve the stall margin, which include increasing the exit radius of the upper meridian, forward sweep of the blade tip, and increasing the chord length of the blade tip. The above method is used to design a supersonic rotor with a total pressure ratio of 2.8, which exhibits an efficiency of 0.902 at the design point and a stall margin of 18.11%.
Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Idiopathic Left Bundle-Branch Block in Young Adults
Authors: Delise Pietro , Rivetti Luigi , Poletti Giuseppe , Centa Monica , Allocca Giuseppe , Sitta Nadir , Cati Arianna , Turiano Giovanni , Lanari Emanuela , Zeppilli Paolo , Sciarra Luigi
Published: March 2021

Aims. LBBB is rare in healthy young adults, and its long-term prognosis is uncertain. Methods. 56 subjects (aged <50 years), in whom an LBBB was discovered by chance in the absence of clinical and echocardiographic evidence of heart disease, were collected in a multicenter registry. Results. 69% were males. Mean age at the time of discovery of LBBB was 37 ± 11 years. Mean QRS duration was 149 ± 17 m sec and 35% had left axis deviation. All patients had a normal echocardiogram, except for left ventricular dyssynchrony; 37 patients underwent coronary angiography (30) or myocardial scintigraphy during effort Eriksson and Wilhelmsen (2005), and in all cases obstructive coronary artery disease was excluded. In 2/30 patients who underwent coronary angiography, an anomalous origin of the CX artery from the right coronary sinus was found. Thirty patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance; in 60% it was normal, while in 40% it revealed late enhancement, which in 33% was localized in the basal septum, suggesting fibrosis of the left bundle branch. During follow-up (12+/10 years, median 10 years) no sudden death occurred. At the end of follow-up, all patients were alive, except for one who suffered accidental death. Two patients (3.5%) underwent PM implantation owing to syncope. The echocardiogram at the end of follow-up revealed LV dysfunction in only one patient. Conclusions. In young adults without apparent heart disease, LBBB is a heterogeneous condition. In the vast majority of cases, the prognosis is good and no ventricular dysfunction occurs over time. However, as only 18% of our patients were aged >60 years at the end of follow-up, we cannot establish the prognosis in older age-groups.
The Proresolving Lipid Mediator Maresin1 Alleviates Experimental Pancreatitis via Switching Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Lu Yingying , Lu Guotao , Gao Lin , Zhu Qingtian , Xue Jing , Zhang Jingzhu , Ma Xiaojie , Ma Nan , Yang Qi , Dong Jie , Gong Weijuan , Li Weiqin , Tong Zhihui
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose. Previous studies showed that Maresin1 (MaR1), one of the metabolites from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could alleviate acute inflammation and prompt inflammation resolution. Also, it attenuated pancreatic injury in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this suppression of inflammation and AP remain unknown. Method. Repeated caerulein injection was used to induce AP and chronic pancreatitis (CP) models in mice. The histopathological and serological changes were examined for evaluating the severity of the AP model, and flow cytometry was used for detecting macrophage phagocytosis and phenotype. Meanwhile, clodronate liposomes were used for macrophage depletion in mice. Finally, the CP model was adopted to further observe the protective effect of MaR1. Result. MaR1 administration manifested the improved histopathological changes and the lower serum levels of amylase and lipase. However, MaR1 played no protective role in the pancreatic acinar cell line in vitro. It obviously reduced the macrophage infiltration in the injured pancreas, especially M1-type macrophages. After macrophage clearance, MaR1 showed no further protection in vivo. This study also demonstrated that MaR1 could alleviate fibrosis to limit AP progression in the CP model. Conclusion. Our data suggests that MaR1 was a therapeutic and preventive target for AP in mice, likely operating through its effects on decreased macrophage infiltration and phenotype switch.
Exploring the Variations of Redbed Badlands and Their Driving Forces in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China: A Geographically Weighted Regression with Gridded Data
Authors: Luo Gusong , Peng Hua , Zhang Shaoyun , Yan Luobin , Dong Yuxiang
Published: March 2021

At present, most of the international research cases on badlands are based on semiarid regions, while there are few studies on badlands in humid regions. Therefore, the research on badlands in humid regions has strong theoretical and practical significance. By taking the Nanxiong Basin, which is located in the humid regions of southern China as the research object, this paper analyzes the scale and spatial distribution variation characteristics of redbed badlands and builds a set of factors that influence redbed badlands to explore the driving forces influencing the variation of redbed badlands based on remote sensing images of the American KH‐4A satellite from 1969 and a Landsat 8 image from 2017. The result shows that the scale of redbed badlands in the Nanxiong Basin had generally decreased from 1969 to 2017. The area of redbed badlands decreased from 1693.97 hm2 in 1969 to 127.4 hm2 in 2017, with a decrease of 92.48%. The spatial distribution of redbed badlands had gradually changed from the contiguous planar distribution form in 1969 to the dispersed island distribution form in 2017, forming four agglomerations. The influence degree of the driving forces for the scale variation of redbed badlands is in the order of lithology > road > aspect > residential locations > slope > water system > vegetation > garden plots. Among these driving forces, except vegetation and garden plots, which have a negative correlation with the variation of redbed badlands, other factors have a positive correlation. Lithology is positively correlated with the variation of redbed badlands and has the strongest influence on the redbed badlands of all the influencing factors. The road factor is second to the lithological factor; the more accessible an area is, the stronger the human influence will be and the more serious the damage to vegetation will be, which easily cause surface vegetation damage, induce land degradation, and form redbed badlands.
Fault-Tolerant Control with Control Allocation for Time-Varying Linear Systems by Using Continuous Integral Sliding Modes
Authors: Hernández-Durán Oziel , Galván-Guerra Rosalba , Velázquez-Velázquez Juan Eduardo , Itzá-Ortiz Benjamín A.
Published: March 2021

A fault-tolerant control algorithm based on sliding modes is proposed to ensure the tracking of the desired trajectory for time-varying systems even in the presence of actuator faults. The proposed algorithm uses a continuous integral sliding mode and a linear quadratic regulator, together with control allocation and system inversion techniques, resulting in both a finite-time exact compensation of the faults and the exponential tracking of the reference.
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection in a 24-Year-Old Female Secondary to a Foreign Body Aspiration
Authors: Sukahri Samshol , Mohd Zim Mohd Arif , Hadi Mohd Firdaus , Mohd Firdaus Mohd Al-Baqlish
Published: March 2021

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common problem necessitating prompt recognition and early treatment to minimize the potentially severe and sometimes fatal consequences. We presented a 24-year-old girl who was admitted for chronic cough and recurrent pneumonia associated with constitutional symptoms. She was feverish with a temperature of 39°C and had tachycardia and tachypnoea with an oxygen saturation of 98%. Investigations revealed leukocytosis. CXR showed right lower lobe consolidation, and CT thorax demonstrated collapse consolidation of the right middle and lower lobe, along with associated dilated segmental bronchioles and diffuse patch ground-glass opacity in both lung fields. Bronchoscopy revealed a pen cap at the entrance of the right lower lobe. Patient symptoms improved after removal of the foreign body. In patients with recurrent chest infection, the physician should check for the possibility of FBA and prompt for a referral to a tertiary center for further evaluation.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight and Obesity among High School Adolescents in Bahir Dar City, Northwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Worku Mulugebeya , Gizaw Zemichael , Kassahun Belew Aysheshim , Wagnew Alemakef , Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir
Published: March 2021

Background. Overweight and obesity can be defined as excessive and abnormal fat deposition in our bodies. A body mass index for age of Z scores +2 to +3 was classified as overweight, whereas BMI for age >+3 Z-score was considered as obesity. Overweight and obesity in adolescents are a major health problem in low-income countries like Ethiopia. However, there is not well-established data on adolescents’ overweight and obesity. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among high school adolescents in Bahir Dar city, northwest of Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 30 to November 30/2019 among 551 high school adolescents. Data were collected using a self-administrative questionnaire. Weight and height were measured by trained health professionals. World Health Organization AnthroPlus software was used to analyze anthropometric data into body mass index for age with z-score to ascertained overweight and obesity. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.3 and transferred to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Frequency and percentage were presented using tables and figures. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and

p
<
0.05

were used to dictate statistical significance for overweight and obesity. Result. In this study, 522 high school adolescents aged 10–19 years were selected using a simple random sampling technique with a response rate of 94.74%. The mean age of the respondents was 17 years with SD ± 1.41. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.5% (95% CI: 9.6, 15.2). Males (13.3%) were more than females (11.5%), being overweight and obese. Having self-employed mothers (AOR: 4.57; 95% CI: 1.06, 19.78), having government-employed mothers (AOR: 6.49; 95% CI: 1.96, 21.54), and having school feeding habit (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.76) were factors associated with overweight/obesity among high school adolescents. Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the current study was high. Adolescents having self-employed mothers, adolescents having government-employed mothers, and students having school feeding habits were significant factors of overweight and obesity. Therefore, more emphasis will be given to adolescents having self- and government-employed mothers and adolescents having school feeding habit.
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Ecological Risk Assessment of Landscape Patterning in the Agro‐Pastoral Ecotone of Northeast China
Authors: Guo Min , Wang Shijun
Published: March 2021

The agro‐pastoral ecotone, an ecological transition zone connecting adjacent areas of agricultural planting area and grassland animal husbandry, has three features: a complex natural condition, relatively pronounced population pressure, and a fragile ecological environment. In this study, we conducted an ecosystem risk assessment in the western part of Jilin Province, China, based on multiscale and multitemporal remote sensing images and land‐use data. Furthermore, we focused on land‐use change from 1995 to 2015 by applying the dynamic change information survey method and carrying out a transfer track analysis. The results revealed three main findings. (1) The ecological risk index at the scale of 3 km × 3 km harbors significant spatial correlation. (2) The ecological risk index of unutilized land, forest land, and grassland is relatively high for each, and their anti‐interference ability is weak, while the ecological risk index of construction land and water area is the lowest. (3) Human interference, e.g., construction activities and cultivated land occupation, is the leading factor driving the exacerbation of ecological risk and frequent land‐use type conversions. At the study period’s end, a trend of slight contraction in the high‐risk areas was found, indicating that land‐use regulation and land protection policies have had significantly positive impact upon the lands’ ecological value. The overall study identified a reasonable research scale for eco‐environmental risk assessment and discerned relationships between regional land‐use changes through geospatial analysis. Moreover, our findings can help provide practical case study information applicable to similar regions with agro‐pastoral ecotones.
Optimization of Transmitter-Receiver Pairing of Spaceborne Cluster Flight Netted Radar for Area Coverage and Target Detection
Authors: Yan Tingting , Hu Shengbo , Cai Jianan , Mo Jinrong , Xia Mingfei
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate the optimization problem of the transmitter-receiver pairing of spaceborne cluster flight netted radar (SCFNR) for area coverage and target detection. First of all, we propose the novel concept of SCFNR integrated cluster flight spacecraft with netted radar, the mobility model for bistatic radar pair with twin-satellite mode, and formulate the radar-target distance distribution function and radar-target distance product distribution function with geometric probability method. Secondly, by dividing surveillance region into grids, we define the 0-1 grid coverage matrix for bistatic radar and the transmitter-receiver pairing matrix for SCFNR with using radar equation and the radar-target distance distribution function, and we describe the optimal problem of transmitter-receiver pairing of SCFNR for area coverage and target detection by defining K-grid coverage matrix. Thirdly, we propose a new algorithm integrated particle swarm optimization with Hungarian algorithm (PSO-HA) to address the optimal problem, which is actually one-to-one pairing problem. Finally, we validate the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed algorithm through numerical analysis.
Mode Shape Description and Model Updating of Axisymmetric Structures Using Radial Tchebichef Moment Descriptors
Authors: Zang C. , Lan H. B. , Jiang D. D. , Friswell M. I.
Published: March 2021

A novel approach for mode shape feature extraction and model updating of axisymmetric structures based on radial Tchebichef moment (RTM) descriptors is proposed in this study. The mode shape features extracted by RTM descriptors can effectively compress the full‐field modal vibration data and retain the most important information. The reconstruction of mode shapes using RTM descriptors can accurately describe the mode shapes, and the simulation shows that the RTM function is superior to Zernike moment function in terms of its mathematical properties and its shape reconstruction ability. In addition, the proposed modal correlation coefficient of the RTM amplitude can overcome the main disadvantage of using the modal assurance criterion (MAC), which has difficulty in identifying double or close modes of symmetric structures. Furthermore, the model updating of axisymmetric structures based on RTM descriptors appears to be more efficient and effective than the normal model updating method directly using modal vibration data, avoids manipulating large amounts of mode shape data, and speeds up the convergence of updating parameters. The RTM descriptors used in correlation analysis and model updating are demonstrated with a cover of an aeroengine rig. The frequency deviation between the test and the FE model was reduced from 17.13% to 1.23% for the first 13 modes via the model updating process. It verified the potential to industrial application with the proposed method.
Type I IFN Activating Type I Dendritic Cells for Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Liang Yong , Hannan Raquibul , Fu Yang-Xin
Published: March 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are successful immunotherapy modalities that enhance CD8+ T-cell responses. Although T cells are initially primed in draining lymph nodes, the mechanisms that underlie their reactivation inside the tumor microenvironment are less clear. Recent studies have found that not only is the cross-priming of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) required to initiate CD8+ T-cell responses during tumor progression, but it also plays a central role in immunotherapy-mediated reactivation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells for tumor regression. Moreover, many cancer treatment modalities trigger type I IFN responses, which play critical roles in boosting cDC1 cross-priming and CD8+ T-cell reactivation. Inducing type I IFNs within tumors can overcome innate immune resistance and activate antitumor adaptive immunity. Here, we review recent studies on how type I IFN-cDC1 cross-priming reactivates CD8+ T cells and contributes to tumor control by cancer immunotherapy.
Avadomide Induces Degradation of ZMYM2 Fusion Oncoproteins in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Renneville Aline , Gasser Jessica A. , Grinshpun Daniel E. , Jean Beltran Pierre M. , Udeshi Namrata D. , Matyskiela Mary E. , Clayton Thomas , McConkey Marie , Viswanathan Kaushik , Tepper Alexander , Guirguis Andrew A. , Sellar Rob S. , Cotteret Sophie , Marzac Christophe , Saada Véronique , De Botton Stéphane , Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Rolfe Mark , Chamberlain Philip P. , Carr Steven A. , Ebert Benjamin L.
Published: March 2021

Thalidomide analogues exert their therapeutic effects by binding to the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of specific protein substrates. Drug-induced degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in B-cell malignancies demonstrates the clinical utility of targeting disease-relevant transcription factors for degradation. Here, we found that avadomide (CC-122) induces CRBN-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ZMYM2 (ZNF198), a transcription factor involved in balanced chromosomal rearrangements with FGFR1 and FLT3 in aggressive forms of hematologic malignancies. The minimal drug-responsive element of ZMYM2 is a zinc-chelating MYM domain and is contained in the N-terminal portion of ZMYM2 that is universally included in the derived fusion proteins. We demonstrate that avadomide has the ability to induce proteasomal degradation of ZMYM2–FGFR1 and ZMYM2–FLT3 chimeric oncoproteins, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that patients with hematologic malignancies harboring these ZMYM2 fusion proteins may benefit from avadomide treatment.

Significance:

We extend the potential clinical scope of thalidomide analogues by the identification of a novel avadomide-dependent CRL4CRBN substrate, ZMYM2. Avadomide induces ubiquitination and degradation of ZMYM2–FGFR1 and ZMYM2–FLT3, two chimeric oncoproteins involved in hematologic malignancies, providing a proof of concept for drug-induced degradation of transcription factor fusion proteins by thalidomide analogues.