bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Alginate Composite Microparticles for Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
Authors: Vinceković Marko , Živković Lana , Turkeyeva Elmira , Mutaliyeva Botagoz , Madybekova Galiya , Šegota Suzana , Šijaković Vujičić Nataša , Pustak Anđela , Jurkin Tanja , Kiš Marta , Kajić Sanja
Published: November 2024

The probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) was encapsulated in two composites, alginate/agar and alginate/agar/casein. The network structure and physicochemical properties of these composites are influenced by complex interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic forces between biopolymers, calcium ions, and the encapsulated bacteria. The composites demonstrated a granular surface, with the granules being spatially oriented on the alginate/agar/BB-12 surface and linearly oriented on the alginate/agar/casein/BB-12 surface. They possess a highly organized microparticle structure and exhibit viscoelastic solid-like behavior. The alginate/agar/BB-12 composite showed higher storage modulus, shear stress, and shear strain values, indicating enhanced stability in various physical environments. Both composites displayed good thermal stability, aligning with their rheological properties, confirming their well-ordered structures. Despite differences in composite structures, the release mechanism of bacteria is governed by Fickian diffusion through the composite matrix. Based on physicochemical properties, the alginate/agar/casein composite is recommended for dairy product fermentation, while the alginate/agar composite seems more suitable for oral use. These findings provide new insights into the interactions between bacterial cultures and alginate composite ingredients.
Drought and Salinity Stresses Response in Three Korean Native Herbaceous Plants and Their Suitability as Garden Plants
Authors: Baek Saeng Geul , Shin Jung Won , Nam Jae Ik , Seo Jeong Min , Kim Jung Min , Woo Su Young
Published: November 2024

Native garden plants significantly contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in urban environments. This study aimed to identify the physiochemical differences among native herbaceous plants subjected to drought or salinity stress and to assess their potential as garden plants adaptable to outdoor conditions and global climate change. Physiological parameters, such as chlorophyll (SD; −86.7% and −61.5%, SS: −85% and −76.5%) and carotenoid (SD; −84.5% and −58.3%, SS; −80.5% and −76%), decreased in Melica grandiflora and Carex forficula in severe drought or salinity treatment. In contrast, Carex boottiana maintained high water-use efficiency (SD: +97.5%, SS: +262.9%) under severe drought or salinity conditions, with no significant changes observed in chlorophyll (SD: +9.5%, SS: −3.7%) or carotenoid levels (SD: +35.2%, SS: +0.3%) compared to the WW or UT conditions. Biochemical analyses indicated that C. boottiana exhibited lower or slightly higher levels of malondialdehyde in SS (−22.5%) and reactive oxygen species such as O2− (SD: +9.9%; SS: −9.4%) than those observed in the other species under severe stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed clear differences in tolerance levels among the native species. C. boottiana demonstrated high adaptability to both drought and salinity stress, indicating its potential as a sustainable and resilient garden material for urban landscapes facing severe climatic challenges.
Recovery Resiliency Characteristics of Interdependent Critical Infrastructures in Disaster-Prone Areas
Authors: Sarker Partha , Lohar Bhushan , Walker Sean , Patch Stephanie , Wade John T.
Published: November 2024

When Hurricane Maria struck the island of Puerto Rico in September, 2017, it devastated the island’s critical infrastructures, including the well-documented total loss of electric power systems. The strong interdependencies or associations among critical infrastructures in modern society meant that the failure of power systems propagated to and exacerbated the failure of other infrastructure systems. Moreover, these associations impact systems recovery just as they impact system failure. This study is a follow-up of previous research by the first author on Hurricane Maria. In this research authors extracted and quantified the recovery associations of Hurricane Fiona (September 2022) made landfall in Puerto Rico and inflicted considerable damage to its critical infrastructures. The recovery efforts following the disaster provided an opportunity to follow up on the previous research and examine the recovery associations. Significant money and efforts have gone into upgrading the infrastructures of Puerto Rico to make them more resilient to natural disasters such as hurricanes or tropical storms following Hurricane Maria. This paper explores the new recovery resiliency characteristics of Puerto Rico’s critical infrastructure systems (CISs) that the recovery efforts following Hurricane Fiona illustrate. This research shows that the power systems and other CISs of Puerto Rico are much more resilient when compared to their state of resiliency in 2017. Moreover, examining the recovery interdependencies reveals that some of the CISs are strongly dependent on power systems recovery. Outcomes of this study suggest that CIS relationships based on recovery data from Puerto Rico, are transferable to similar disaster-prone areas such as the Caribbean islands or other island nations, as they have similar characteristics and challenges.
New Insights on the Formation of the Mitral Valve Chordae Tendineae in Fetal Life
Authors: Martin Meghan , Gillett Kate , Whittick Parker , Wells Sarah Melissa
Published: November 2024

There is an increasing understanding that some mitral valve pathologies have developmental origins. The time course of valvulogenesis varies by animal model; in cattle, the branched chordae tendineae architecture becomes fully developed at full term. The mechanism by which chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development remains unknown. The current study presents a detailed description of bovine chordae tendineae formation and bifurcation during fetal development. Analysis of Movat Pentachrome-stained histological sections of the developing mitral valve apparatus was accompanied by micro-CT imaging. TEM imaging of chordae branches and common trunks allowed the measurement of collagen fibril diameter distributions. We observed a proteoglycan-rich “transition zone” at the junction between the fetal mitral valve anterior leaflet and chordae tendineae with “perforations” lined by MMP1/2 and Ki-67 expressing endothelial cells. This region also contained clusters of proliferating endothelial cells within the bulk of the tissue. We hypothesize this zone marks a region where chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development. In particular, perforations created by localized MMP activity serve as a site for the initiation of a “split” of a single chordae attachment into two. This is supported by TEM results that suggest a similar population of collagen fibrils runs from the branches into a common trunk. A clear understanding of normal mitral valvulogenesis and its signaling mechanisms will be crucial in developing therapeutics and/or tissue-engineered valve replacements.
Beyond the Obesity Paradox: Analysis of New Prognostic Factors in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Procedure
Authors: Ricci Francesca , Benelli Leonardo , Pasqualetto Monia , Laudazi Mario , Pugliese Luca , Volpe Maria , Cerimele Cecilia , Di Donna Carlo , Garaci Francesco , Chiocchi Marcello
Published: November 2024

Scope: The main purpose of our study was to collect computed tomography (CT) measurements of fat parameters that are significantly related to body mass index (BMI) and evaluate the associations of these measurements and sarcopenia with early and long-term complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in order to investigate the existence of the so-called ‘obesity paradox’ and the role of sarcopenia in this phenomenon. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the significance of fat CT measurements in 85 patients undergoing the TAVI procedure and compared these with each other, as well as with quantified CT BMI and fat density measurements. Secondly, we evaluated the associations of BMI, CT measurements of fat, and CT evaluations of skeletal muscle mass with early and long-term complications after 24 months of post-TAVI follow-up. Results: We found positive and significant relationships between fat CT measurements with each other and with BMI and a negative and significant relation between fat density and fat quantity. By comparing the CT measurements of fat and skeletal muscle mass with early and long-term complications after TAVI, we confirmed the existence of the ‘obesity paradox’ and the poor effect of sarcopenia after the TAVI procedure. Conclusions: We confirm that overweight and obesity are good prognostic factors, and sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor for outcomes following the TAVI procedure. We focused on the scientific validation of an easy and fast way to measure fat and skeletal muscle mass using CT to better predict the outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI.
Evolution of the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Indication and Mortality Rates in Spain from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Gasulla Óscar , Sarría-Santamera Antonio , Mazaira-Font Ferran A. , García-Montero Cielo , Fraile-Martinez Oscar , Cantalapiedra Diego , Carrillo-Rodríguez Manuel F. , Gómez-Valcárcel Belen , Ortega Miguel Á. , Álvarez-Mon Melchor , Asúnsolo Angel
Published: November 2024

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are the main interventional treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Both procedures are constantly being perfected and developed. This study aims to analyze the evolution of intervention mortality rates of PCI and CABG in recent years in Spain. We use a database of all hospital discharges from CABG and PCI procedures in Spain during two periods, between the years 2010 to 2012 and 2016 to 2019. We elaborate two multivariate regression logistic models to test the differences in mortality between the two periods and the two procedures, adjusting the mortality rates by age, gender, and comorbidities. We find strong evidence that CABG significantly reduced mortality rates, especially in complex patients, while PCI remained almost constant. We also discuss how physicians incorporate the improvement in procedures’ performance into the decision-making for the recommendation of these two procedures in CAD patient management.
The David Versus the Bentall Procedure for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Mastroiacovo Giorgio , Rinaldi Mauro , Ferrante Luisa , Mäkikallio Timo , Juvonen Tatu , Mariscalco Giovanni , El-Dean Zein , Pettinari Matteo , Rodriguez Lega Javier , Pinto Angel G. , Perrotti Andrea , Onorati Francesco , Wisniewski Konrad , Demal Till , Kacer Petr , Rocek Jan , Di Perna Dario , Vendramin Igor , Piani Daniela , Quintana Eduard , Pruna-Guillen Robert , Buech Joscha , Radner Caroline , Kuduvalli Manoj , Harky Amer , Fiore Antonio , Dell’Aquila Angelo M. , Gatti Giuseppe , Conradi Lenard , Field Mark , Galotta Arianna , Fileccia Daniele , Nanci Giuseppe , Peterss Sven
Published: November 2024

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition which requires prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment. When TAAD involves the aortic root, aortic valve-sparing or Bentall procedures are the main surgical treatment options. Method: The subjects of this analysis were 3735 patients included in the European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection (ERTAAD). Propensity score matching was performed by estimating a propensity score from being treated with the Bentall or the David procedure using multilevel mixed-effects logistics, considering the cluster effect of the participating hospitals. Results: A Bentall procedure was performed in 862 patients, while a David operation was performed in 139 patients. The proportion of aortic root replacement, as well as the different techniques of aortic root replacement, varied significantly between the participating hospitals (p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, we obtained two groups of 115 patients each, and no statistical differences were reported in terms of postoperative outcomes, except for the rate of dialysis, which was higher in the patients requiring a Bentall procedure (17.4% vs. 7.0%, p-value 0.016). In the unmatched cohorts, the David procedure was associated with a lower 10-year mortality rate compared to the Bentall procedure (30.1% vs. 45.6%, p-value 0.004), but no difference was observed after matching (30.0% vs. 43.9%, p-value 0.082). After 10 years, no differences were observed in terms of proximal aortic reoperation (3.9% vs. 4.1%, p-value 0.954), even after propensity score matching (2.8% vs. 1.8%, p-value 0.994). Conclusions: The David and Bentall procedures are durable treatment methods for TAAD. When feasible, it is advisable that the David procedure is performed for acute TAAD by surgeons with experience with this demanding surgical technique.
Sex Differences Among Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair Using the Edge-to-Edge Technique
Authors: Alachkar Mhd Nawar , Eichelsdörfer Astrid , Mady Hesham , Milzi Andrea , Saadoun Rakan , Krygier Lukas , Schnupp Steffen , Mahnkopf Christian
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) is more prevalent among females. Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) using the edge-to-edge technique represents an alternative to surgery in patients with severe TR and high surgical risk. This study aims to investigate sex differences among patients undergoing TTVR. Methods: All patients who underwent TTVR at our center were retrospectively included. We compared baseline characteristics, intra-hospital, and one-year outcomes between males and females. Results: A total of 105 consecutive patients underwent TTVR. Females were more prevalent in the study cohort (n = 63, 60%). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was more evident in males than females (71.4% vs. 47.6%, p = 0.016). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was also worse in males (48.8 ± 13.4 vs. 58 ± 6.8, p < 0.001). Other clinical characteristics were similar between both groups. The Success of the procedure (88.1% vs. 95.2%, p = 0.177) and intra-hospital mortality (4.8% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.255) were similar among males and females. At one-year follow-up, mortality was similar between both groups (24.3% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.863). Furthermore, hospitalization due to acute heart failure was also similar between both groups (40.5% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.768), as was a composite endpoint of death or hospitalization. In patients with successful procedures and who survived one year, TR severity was comparable between both groups. Conclusions: In our real-world cohort, more females underwent TTVR than males. No difference was observed in outcomes between males and females at one-year follow-up.
Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair in INTERMACS 3–4 Profile Patients with Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Frea Simone , Pidello Stefano , Angelini Filippo , Boretto Paolo , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Melis Daniele , Giannino Giuseppe , Cavallone Elena , Giordana Francesca , Rettegno Sara , Gravinese Carol , De Lio Giulia , Gallone Guglielmo , Dusi Veronica , Alunni Gianluca , Montefusco Antonio , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Boffini Massimo , Raineri Claudia , Rinaldi Mauro , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Heart transplantation and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implementation are effective treatments for advanced heart failure (HF), although their use is limited by organ availability and the high incidence of adverse events. The efficacy of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) as a bridge to transplantation or as a destination therapy in advanced HF is still debated. Methods: A total of 63 patients with INTERMACS class 3 or 4 with contraindications for LVAD and severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) were evaluated for TEER implantation eligibility. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, urgent heart transplantation and LVAD implantation at 12 months. Results: A total of 36 patients underwent TEER, while 27 patients received optimal medical therapy (MT) alone. In the intervention group, 35 patients (97%) were discharged alive. In the MT group, two in-hospital deaths occurred, two patients underwent urgent heart transplantation, and three patients were discharged on inotropes. At the 12-month follow-up, the incidence of the primary endpoint occurring was lower in the TEER group (25% vs. 70%, HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.60, p < 0.01) and the tolerance to neurohormonal therapy was higher (53% vs. 30%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: In advanced HF patients with INTERMACS profile 3 or 4 and severe FMR, TEER on top of optimal MT was associated with a lower incidence of death, urgent heart transplantation or LVAD implantation at 12 months compared to optimal MT alone.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticle-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose Membranes with Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Khikani Mohammed , Isopencu Gabriela-Olimpia , Deleanu Iuliana-Mihaela , Jinga Sorin-Ion , Busuioc Cristina
Published: November 2024

The current work proposes the development of composite membranes based on bacterial cellulose (BC) loaded with silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures by in situ impregnation. The research involves the production and purification of BC, followed by its loading with different types of phases with the help of different precipitating solutions, turmeric extract (green synthesis) and ammonia (classic route). Additionally, the combination of both antibacterial agents into a single BC matrix to valorise the benefits of each, proposing a novel BC-Ag-ZnO composite with distinct characteristics, was explored. Overall, the synthesis was marked by colour changes from the light beige of the BC membrane to dark brown, dark orange and dark green for BC-Ag, BC-ZnO and BC-Ag-ZnO samples, which is proof of successful composites formation. The results proved that the antibacterial phases are attached as nanoparticles or nanosheets on BC fibres, with Ag being in a crystalline state, while ZnO showed a rather amorphous structure. Regarding the antibacterial efficiency, the BC-ZnO composite obtained by employing two precipitating solutions turned out to be the best material against both tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
Fatigue Failure of Adhesive Joints in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material Under Step/Variable Amplitude Loading—A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Patro Abinash , Tabiei Ala
Published: November 2024

Most fatigue-loading research has concentrated on constant-amplitude tests, which seldom represent actual service conditions. Because of the significant time and expense associated with variable-amplitude experiments, researchers often employ block/step-loading tests to evaluate the effects of variable-amplitude loading. These tests utilize various sequences of low-to-high and high-to-low loads to simulate real-world scenarios. Empirical investigations have shown inconsistencies in the damage accumulation under different load sequences. Although literature reviews exist for simulation and experimental methods, there is limited research examining the impact of step/variable-amplitude loading on adhesive joints in composite materials. This review aims to address this gap by comprehensively analyzing the effects of load sequence and block loading on fatigue damage progression in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Additionally, the applicability of various step-loading fatigue damage accumulation models to adhesive materials is evaluated through numerical simulation to study its suitability in predicting fatigue failure. This review also explores recent theoretical advancements in this field over the past few years, examining more than 100 fatigue damage accumulation models categorized into seven subcategories: (i) linear damage rules, (ii) nonlinear damage curve and two-stage linearization models, (iii) life curve modification models, (iv) models based on crack growth concepts, (v) continuum damage mechanics-based models, (vi) material degradation models, and (vii) energy-based models. Finally, numerical simulations using the most common nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage accumulation models were conducted to predict fatigue failure in adhesively bonded joints under four step-loading tests, and the results were compared with the experimental data. Numerical simulations revealed the need and scope of further development of a fatigue failure model under step/variable loading. This comprehensive review offers valuable insights into the complex nature of fatigue failure in adhesive joints under variable loading conditions and highlights current state-of-the-art nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation models for adhesive materials.
Recent Development of Graphene-Based Composites for Electronics, Energy Storage, and Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Elizalde-Herrera Felipe J. , Flores-Soto Pablo A. , Mora-Cortes Luis F. , González Francisco J. , Soria-Arguello Gustavo , Avalos-Belmontes Felipe , Narro-Céspedes Rosa I. , Hoyos Mario
Published: November 2024

Nanomaterials are attractive materials for researchers because they have essential characteristics in terms of their properties. Carbon has an ample range of crystalline allotropes. Some, such as graphite and diamond, have been known since ancient times, while new forms of carbon with potential for various applications have been discovered in recent decades. Since the discovery of graphene 20 years ago, research has increased on composite materials that take advantage of carbon structures for their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties and their ability to be synthesized at the nanometer scale. Graphene has stood out above other nanomaterials due to its surprising properties and high impact on technological research, so its uses have diversified in different areas of science such as medicine, electronics, engineering, etc. This work aims to show some new and innovative applications of graphene, on which we can see its versatility as engineering material. It also seeks to show its potential in research and development processes for its use. These are key components of advanced graphene-based materials systems under active development, with an eye on the future of advanced materials science and technology.
Impact of Four Weeks of TOGU Training on Neuromuscular Control and Golf Swing Performance
Authors: Li Mohan , Ruan Caixian , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To assess the impact of a four-week training program combining TOGU (a functional training system and equipment) Balanza and Dynair® Ballkissen equipment on core strength, balance ability, and golf swing performance in golf athletes. Methods: The TOGU group participated in TOGU training three times weekly and regular golf skill training over four weeks. The control group only participated in regular golf skill training. The functional movement screening (FMS) assessment system modified the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), and Unilateral Stance Tests (USTs) were used to assess neuromuscular control. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and utilized the independent samples t-test and the paired t-test for statistical analysis. Results: (1) Following the four-week training, there was significant improvement of the TOGU group in the total score of FMS, notably in squats and in-line lunges (p < 0.05). (2) Significant reductions in COG sway velocity were observed: Foam-EO (−30.9%, p < 0.01) Firm-EC (−35.18%, p < 0.05) and Foam-EC (−36.78%, p < 0.001). UST also improved: L-EO (−34.39%, p < 0.001), L-EC (−29.92%, p < 0.001), R-EO (−48.67%, p < 0.01), and R-EC (−39.38%, p = 0.0857). (3) Club head speed (CHS) tests indicated significant enhancement (p < 0.01), improved ball speed (p < 0.001), driving distance (p = 0.0553), and hitting efficiency (p < 0.01). The control group showed no significant changes in all tests after four weeks of regular golf skill training. Conclusions: A TOGU-based golf core training program can significantly improve a golfers’ neuromuscular control, core stability, and coordination, and enhance their swing performance.
ULOTrack: Underwater Long-Term Object Tracker for Marine Organism Capture
Authors: He Ju , Yu Yang , Wei Hongyu , Xu Hu
Published: November 2024

Underwater object tracking holds considerable significance in the field of ocean engineering. Additionally, it serves as a crucial component in the operations of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), particularly during tasks associated with capturing marine organisms. However, the attenuation and scattering of light result in shortcomings such as poor contrast in underwater images. Additionally, the motion deformation of marine organisms poses a significant challenge. Therefore, existing tracking algorithms face difficulty in direct application to underwater object tracking. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel tracking architecture for the marine organism capturing of AUVs called ULOTrack. ULOTrack is based on a performance discrimination and re-detection framework and constitutes three modules: (1) an object tracker, which can extract multi-feature information of the underwater target; (2) a multi-layer tracking performance discriminator, which serves the purpose of evaluating the stability of the current tracking state, thereby reducing potential model drift; and (3) lightweight detection, which can predict the candidate boxes to relocate the lost tracked underwater object. We conduct comprehensive experiments to validate the efficacy of the designed modules. Finally, the results of the experimentation demonstrate that ULOTrack significantly outperforms existing approaches. In the future, we aim to carefully scrutinize and select more suitable features to enhance tracking accuracy and speed.
Advancements in DNA Metabarcoding Protocols for Monitoring Zooplankton in Marine and Brackish Environments
Authors: Moutinho Jorge , Costa Filipe O. , Duarte Sofia
Published: November 2024

Over the past century, numerous studies have proposed various organisms for the biomonitoring of aquatic systems, but only recently has zooplankton emerged as a promising indicator of water quality. The traditional identification methods, however, can be inefficient in the context of monitoring efforts, as they are often time consuming and costly. DNA metabarcoding offers a powerful alternative, providing a more efficient and reliable approach to monitor zooplankton communities. In this review, we assess the current state-of-the-art methodologies used to evaluate marine and brackish zooplankton communities through the DNA metabarcoding workflow. While several emerging approaches have been reported, no standardization has been achieved so far. The DNA extraction step has gained the most consensus, with the widespread use of commercial kits (DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit employed in ca. 25% of the studies), though there is still a significant variation in kit selection. Additionally, 18S and COI were the main molecular markers employed (ca. 61% and 54%, respectively) though the target region varied in the former. Moreover, many methodologies, particularly those used for processing zooplankton samples, lack practical validation. Some studies also fail to provide sufficient detail in their methodology descriptions hindering reproducibility. Overall, DNA metabarcoding shows great potential for the efficient monitoring of zooplankton communities, but further effort is needed to establish standardized practices and optimize the current approaches across the entire methodological pipeline.
Model-Driven Cooperative Path Planning for Dynamic Target Searching of Unmanned Unterwater Vehicle Formation
Authors: Qin Dezhou , Dong Huachao , Sun Siqing , Wen Zhiwen , Li Jinglu , Li Tianbo
Published: November 2024

With the increasing complexity of ocean missions, using multiple unmanned underwater vehicles to collaborate in executing tasks has become an effective way to improve the overall efficiency of ocean operations. Current research on path planning for multiple unmanned underwater vehicles mainly focuses on the basis of particle models or fully known environmental information, while research directions mainly focus on single indicators such as completion time and energy consumption. This paper first constructs a UUV model and a task scenario with detection success rate as the objective function. Then, a parameterization method based on a spiral search path was proposed for designing variables. A hierarchical control strategy is designed to ensure handle formation constraints. A general optimization framework for task scenarios has been constructed and combined with algorithms to solve optimization problems. Finally, this study compared and analyzed the performance of different optimization algorithms under the optimization framework, evaluated the optimization results of different search strategies, and explored the impact of dynamic objectives on the detection success rate. The results showed that the optimized path had a search success rate that increased by more than 50% compared to the direct path and the cover search path, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and strategy.
Impact of Wind-Assisted Propulsion on Fuel Savings and Propeller Efficiency: A Case Study
Authors: Čalić Ante , Jurić Zdeslav , Katalinić Marko
Published: November 2024

In order to meet current and future efforts to reduce fuel consumption and gas emissions, an increasing number of ships are being retrofitted with one of the wind-assisted propulsion solutions. In this paper, the effects of retrofitted wind-assisted propulsion on the efficiency of the propeller are investigated. The installed ship propeller is usually designed to operate under specific conditions; once the thrust force from the sails is added, the operating point of the propeller changes. Taking into consideration the reduced efficiency of the propeller, which is no longer operating in its optimal regime, the actual wind-assisted propulsion contribution can be calculated. The wind-assisted contribution is calculated with a velocity prediction program as a reduction in conventional propulsion power output by maintaining the vessel’s designed speed. From the calculated variations in sail thrust force, dependent on the wind speed, the propeller efficiency is analyzed for different operating states. The propulsion efficiency of the propeller was analyzed with a performance characteristics calculation tool that has been developed and presented in this paper. From the meteorological data obtained from Copernicus Marine Services and available ship documentation, a case study was conducted for a selected route.
Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Maize in Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Rui , Li Ying , Zhao Henan , Sun Xiaofang , Chen Wen , Li Pan , Li Xuehu , Wu Cuiping , Ma Miaomiao , Gong Guoshu
Published: November 2024

Colletotrichum species are the most common cause of maize anthracnose, which often manifests as leaf spots. However, field observations often reveal symptoms similar to those caused by other leaf spot pathogens, such as Curvularia and Bipolaris. In this study, 99 isolates were identified using tissue separation and single-spore isolation techniques. As preliminary measures of species diversity, all 99 isolates were identified morphologically, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. Furthermore, 48 representative strains were selected for molecular identification using multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on five gene loci (ITS, TUB, ACT, GAPDH, and CAL). Finally, 10 species of Colletotrichum isolated from maize leaf spots were identified. Colletotrichum cliviicola was the most dominant species (24.2%), followed by C. fructicola (18.2%), C. karstii (16.1%), C. siamense (13.1%), C. boninense (7.1%), C. kahawae (7.1%), C. brevisporum (6.1%), C. truncatum (5.1%), C. gigasporum (2.0%), and C. gloeosporioides (1.0%). For the first time, pathogenicity tests revealed that C. cliviicola, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. karstii, and C. truncatum are the causative agents of maize anthracnose. Additionally, C. boninense was identified as an endophytic fungus on healthy maize. In conclusion, this study is the first to identify the pathogen of maize anthracnose in Sichuan Province. It provides valuable insights for accurately diagnosing and managing maize anthracnose.
The Expanding Truffle Environment: A Study of the Microbial Dynamics in the Old Productive Site and the New Tuber magnatum Picco Habitat
Authors: Rondolini Mara , Zotti Maurizio , Bragato Gilberto , Baciarelli Falini Leonardo , Reale Lara , Donnini Domizia
Published: November 2024

Truffles are valuable underground mushrooms with significant economic importance. In recent years, their cultivation has achieved satisfactory results, but not for all species. The harvesting of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Picco) is still dependent on natural production, which is at risk due to various issues, such as improper forest management. A useful practice to protect natural resources is to promote the expansion of productive forests. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of the microbiome in an old and new truffle forest using an amplicon sequencing approach of the fungal ITS region and the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. We monitor the soil biological community’s development to compare differences and similarities between the primary productive forest and the expanding area over a two-year sampling period. In particular, we observed the colonization of vacant ecological niches by certain fungi, such as those belonging to the genus Mortierella. Additionally, we examined the competitive interactions between saprotrophs and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). In both study areas, the bacterial community was dominated by Pseudomonadota, Planctomycetota, and Actinomycetota. The behavior of the Tuber genus differed significantly from other ECMs and displayed positive correlations with bacterial taxa such as Ktedonobacter, Zavarzinella, and Sphingomonas. The present work provides an initial overview of expanding white truffle habitats. Further, more specific research is needed to explore potential connections between individual taxa.
Exogenous L-Arginine Enhances Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata on Kiwifruit by Regulating Metabolisms of Nitric Oxide, Polyamines, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Cell Wall Modification
Authors: Wang Di , Meng Lingkui , Zhang Haijue , Liu Rong , Zhu Yuhan , Tan Xinyu , Wu Yan , Gao Qingchao , Ren Xueyan , Kong Qingjun
Published: November 2024

Black spot, one of the major diseases of kiwifruit, is caused by Alternaria alternata. A comprehensive investigation into its pathogenicity mechanism is imperative in order to propose a targeted and effective control strategy. The effect of L-arginine on the pathogenicity of A. alternata and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 5 mM L−1 of L-arginine promoted spore germination and increased the colony diameter and lesion diameter of A. alternata in vivo and in vitro, which were 23.1% and 9.3% higher than that of the control, respectively. Exogenous L-arginine treatment also induced endogenous L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) accumulation by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In addition, exogenous L-arginine triggered an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by activating the activity and inducing gene expression upregulation of NADPH oxidase. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.−) levels were 15.9% and 2.2 times higher, respectively, than in the control group on the second day of L-arginine treatment. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression levels were enhanced, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, exogenous L-arginine stimulated cell wall-degrading enzymes in vivo and in vitro by activating gene expression. These results suggested that exogenous L-arginine promoted the pathogenicity of A. alternata by inducing the accumulation of polyamines, NO, and ROS, and by activating systems of antioxidants and cell wall-degrading enzymes. The present study not only revealed the mechanism by which low concentrations of L-arginine increase the pathogenicity of A. alternata, but also provided a theoretical basis for the exclusive and precise targeting of A. alternata in kiwifruit.
Unveiling the Brew: Probing the Lingering Impact of the Luckin Coffee Scandal on the Liquidity of Chinese Cross-Listed Stocks
Authors: Kersting Lee , Kim Jang-Chul , Mazumder Sharif , Su Qing
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the impact of the Luckin Coffee accounting scandal on stock liquidity and spillover effects in the financial market, focusing on Chinese companies listed on U.S. exchanges. Utilizing event studies, we analyze eight pivotal events related to the scandal to examine stock liquidity and market quality changes. The results show a significant decline in Luckin’s stock liquidity during the scandal, while spillover effects on other Chinese stocks are limited. Comparisons with the Satyam accounting scandal suggest that individual company scandals may not substantially affect the liquidity of other stocks from the same country. The findings highlight the importance of robust regulatory frameworks and investor due diligence in safeguarding market integrity and restoring investor confidence.
Optimizing Business Performance Through Effective Accounting Information Systems: The Role of System Competence and Information Quality
Authors: Zohry Alaa Fathy , Al-Dhubaibi Ahmed Abdullah Saad
Published: November 2024

In today’s competitive business environment, accounting information systems (AISs) are crucial for organizations seeking to enhance decision making and improve performance. This study investigates the interplay between AIS competence, information quality, and system effectiveness and their collective impact on business performance within Saudi Arabian companies. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 123 manufacturing and service firms through a structured questionnaire. Employing structural equation modeling (SEM), this study elucidates the direct and mediating effects of AIS attributes on organizational outcomes. The findings indicate that system competence has a direct positive effect on both information quality and AIS effectiveness. Information quality, in turn, positively influences AIS effectiveness and business performance. Additionally, AIS effectiveness was found to have a direct positive impact on organizational performance. This study provides valuable insights for managers seeking to optimize AIS investments and emphasizes the importance of integrating high-quality information systems to achieve strategic and operational goals. The results offer a detailed understanding of AIS dynamics, particularly within the context of emerging markets, and contribute to the broader discourse on technology-driven business performance enhancement.
Tax Avoidance with Maqasid Syariah: Empirical Insights on Derivatives, Debt Shifting, Transfer Pricing, and Financial Distress
Authors: Putri Vidiyanna Rizal , Mohamad Yunus Mohd Hadli Shah , Zakaria Nor Balkish , Zifi Meliza Putriyanti , Sastrodiharjo Istianingsih , Dewi Rosiyana
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes and investigates how financial factors, namely, derivatives, debt shifting, and transfer pricing, influence tax avoidance, with financial distress as an interaction variable, within the framework of stakeholder theory and positive accounting theory. Adding more uniqueness, this study injected the Maqasid Syariah elements into the framework. Conventional banks and non-bank institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2017 and 2022 were selected, comprising 414 final company-year observations. The study utilized E-Views software for data processing. The findings indicate that debt shifting negatively impacts tax avoidance, while derivatives have no significant influence. Transfer pricing positively impacts tax avoidance. Financial distress does not moderate the relationship between these financial practices and tax avoidance. From an Islamic perspective, practices such as transfer pricing and debt shifting, when used to avoid tax, contradict the principles of Maqasid Syariah, which emphasize fairness, wealth distribution, and societal welfare.
Booking Sustainability: Publicly Traded Companies as Catalysts for Public Goods Provision in Brazil
Authors: Ehrl Philipp , Falcão Yago Vasconcelos , Kondo Edson Kenji
Published: November 2024

This study assesses the extent of public goods provision by Brazilian firms and how this behavior has changed over time. We use text data of publicly traded companies’ annual standardized financial declarations from 2010 and 2022 and apply natural language processing techniques to extract ESG (environmental, social, and governance) keywords related to the provision of public goods. Context and sentiment analyses were used to supplement the information extracted from the raw keyword counts; these analyses were conducted using diverse regression techniques. We found a pronounced increase in keyword mentions over time; in particular, “responsibility” and “sustainability” appeared more frequently. Virtually all firms became more dedicated to ESG practices, particularly those that had a low frequency of ESG mentions in a positive context. Overall, it seems that large Brazilian corporations have embedded comprehensive ESG policies into their business practices, thus aligning their strategies with those of pioneering multinationals.
Performance Evaluation of Islamic Banking Services Industry: Evidence from GCC
Authors: Hanif Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study documents the comparative financial performance of the Islamic Banking Services Industry (IBSI) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. After drawing the performance evaluation framework (based on the CAMEL framework), the research conducted data analysis of the Islamic Banking Services Industry (IBSI) in the GCC region for 31 quarters (2013Q4–2021Q4). The analysis examines capital adequacy, asset quality, management performance, earnings, and liquidity management. Objectively classified data trends are reported through graphs. Additionally, the research documents internal determinants of financial performance. Findings suggest that the GCC-IBSI has shown overall progress in achieving primary objectives (commercial performance), including healthy capital adequacy, cost control, equity returns, and liquidity management. Capital adequacy, cost control, and liquidity management significantly contribute to financial performance. Managerial implications include cost control, reduction in non-performing loans, and prudent liquidity management. There exist opportunities in the GCC-IBSI for investors, given the mismatch in demand and supply of Islamic financial services. This study contributes to the literature by documenting findings on the achievements of the primary objective of IBSI in multiple GCC-IBSI markets comparatively.
When Local Governments Plan to Give Their Past a Future: A State-Wide Analysis of Heritage Strategy Documents in New South Wales (Australia)
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H. R.
Published: November 2024

The authorized heritage discourse sensu Smith asserts that cultural heritage, and in particular heritage places, can be managed for the benefit of present and future generations through appropriate measures of identification, protection and conservation. Comprehensive planning at the individual place as well as community/local government level is the backbone to good management if ad hoc decisions are to be avoided. While all local government authorities (councils) in New South Wales (Australia) are mandated to produce Local Strategic Planning Statements with a ten-year horizon that may include statements related to heritage management, some councils also promulgated dedicated heritage strategies. So far, the nature and comprehensiveness of such planning instruments have never been formally investigated. This paper provides a state-wide analysis of Local Strategic Planning Statements and council heritage strategies in NSW. The review shows that the priorities expressed in heritage strategies are often mundane, with none of the strategies expressing aspirational priorities or actions. The value of heritage to a community is assumed axiomatically, with very few heritage strategies expressing a vision for why heritage management is of community relevance. Only a few heritage strategies demonstrate how they, and their strategic priorities, are interlinked with other local, let alone state-level, strategies and policies. Very few of the documents provide evidence for the basis on which the strategies are founded, such as canvassing public opinion, situational analysis or projections of demographic, social, societal and economic trajectories based on strategic foresight. This review highlights much room for improvement. In a post-modernist age of alternative truths, where trust in governments is declining, it is imperative that local government heritage strategies be grounded in the community, offer transparency in how priorities are decided and, above all, provide a clear and aspirational vision for the role that cultural heritage shall play in the community.
Beyond “I Didn’t Do It”: A Linguistic Analysis of Denial in US Legal Settings
Authors: Didoni Elena , Combei Claudia Roberta
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the multimodal manifestations of denial in US legal contexts, in the English language, by analyzing police interviews and cross-examinations. The research uses a 13-h corpus of video recordings portraying five male suspects, aged 20–44, eventually charged and convicted of femicide. We deploy techniques from conversation analysis, multimodal analysis, and speech processing, using tools like ELAN, Praat, WebMAUS, and Python libraries to transcribe, annotate, and analyze audio–video data. This exploratory study identifies several recurring patterns in prosodic and gestural cues associated with denial. In particular, our results indicate a prototypical multimodal denial characterized by a predominant gestural component: head positioning (neutral or lowered) and head shaking. This gestural expression is frequently repeated and can also function independently as a nonverbal marker of denial. Denial is also often accompanied by open-hand gestures, sitting upright posture, and a certain degree of vagueness in speech. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the expression of denial often involves a reduction in pitch and intensity following the confession or indictment. The analysis of pauses before denial instances reveals that a greater number of pauses typically occurs after incrimination. Overall, this study shows that there is an interesting interplay between verbal and nonverbal features of denial in legal interactions, underscoring the need for further analysis.