bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Syndrome in an Infant Associated With Linezolid and Opioid Use
Authors: Essakow Jenna , Jin Lulu , Marupudi Neelima , Wattier Rachel , McQuillen Patrick , Franzon Deborah
Published: August 2022

Most reported cases of serotonin syndrome involve either a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and at least 1 other serotonergic medication or exposure to a single serotonin-augmenting drug. This case report describes serotonin syndrome occurring in association with the concomitant use of the antibiotic linezolid and opioids, specifically methadone, in a pediatric intensive care unit patient. The patient developed hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, clonus, and multiorgan dysfunction within 48 hours of receiving linezolid while concurrently on methadone. This drug-drug interaction is a rare cause of serotonin syndrome that has only been described 1 other time in the adult literature. This report raises awareness of this rare but serious and potentially lethal complication of serotonin syndrome associated with concomitant linezolid and opioid use. Timely consideration of the diagnosis in the setting of hyperpyrexia can facilitate prompt initiation of targeted therapies to prevent sequela.
Long-term Use of Eculizumab for Prolonged Hemolysis Following a Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction in Pediatric Sickle Cell: A Case Report
Authors: Noda Cady , Sisler India
Published: August 2022

Complement activation has been implicated in delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and eculizumab has been reported as an effective treatment for patients with DHTR. Previously reported patients with SCD and DHTR responded well after a few doses of eculizumab. We report on the long-term use of eculizumab in a pediatric sickle cell patient with prolonged hemolysis of unknown etiology after a DHTR who had a slow and less sustained response. Long-term use of eculizumab in this young patient with SCD was successful with limited adverse effects.
El Derecho de Vivir en Paz: quem matou Victor Jara?
Authors: Genaro Luís Felipe Machado de
Published: August 2022

A resenha em questão traz o olhar e perspectivas de um historiador das canções engajadas latino-americanas sobre o documentário "Massacre no Estádio", do diretor norte-americano Bent-Jorgen Perlmutt, estreado no streaming Netflix, em 2019, sobre os últimos dias de vida do cantor e compositor chileno Victor Jara.
The Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight, Case-Control Study in Northeast Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mezen Muluemebet Kassa , Lemlem Getasew Assefa , Biru Yemisrach Belete
Published: August 2022

Background: Intrauterine growth and development are one of the most vulnerable periods in the human life cycle that contribute to appropriate fetal development. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of gestational weight on low birth weight (LBW).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted from June 30, 2018, to January 1, 2019, in seven governmental hospitals in the northeast Amhara region on 451 participants(150 cases and 301 controls).

Results: Inadequate gestational weight gain increases the risk of LBW by four times (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.4, 6.4). Anemic mothers were 3 times (AOR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.5, 5.1) more likely to give birth to LBW newborns than non-anemic women. Mothers with a height of less than 150 cm were 2 times more likely to deliver low birth weight babies than their counterparts (AOR:2.1, 95% CI: 1.5,4.4). The odds of LBW delivery were 3.5 times (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.3, 5.3) higher for mothers with poor dietary diversity than for mothers with good dietary diversity.

Conclusion: Inadequate gestational weight gain during pregnancy was found to be a risk factor for LBW. Additionally, anemia, short stature, and poor dietary diversity were also risk factors for LBW. Therefore, selectively targeted interventions such as improving maternal nutrition, anemia prevention, and proper maternal weight monitoring during pregnancy are needed.
Status and factors associated with the adoption of data sharing policies in Asian journals
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Bai Seo Young
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the current status and factors associated with adopting data sharing policies in Asian journals. Data sharing policies vary by country and region, and few studies have examined the trends and factors related to these policies in journals across the Asian region.Methods: The 2020 Scimago Journal and Country Rank was used to download data about 1,143 Asian journals indexed in Web of Science. Excluding 40 journals inaccessible via the Internet or without English-language websites and author guidelines, 1,103 journals were analyzed through descriptive statistical analyses and the chi-square test.Results: Of the 1,103 journals, 325 (29.5%) had data sharing policies, showing a moderate level of policy adoption among Asian journals. The results of the chi-square test suggested that the impact factor and publisher type (whether a publisher was commercial) were significantly associated with the presence of data sharing policies in journals, but subject categories were not identified as a significant factor. Regarding the strength of data sharing policies, most journals provided policies that only encouraged data sharing.Conclusion: Policies only encouraging data sharing are unlikely to lead to actual data sharing; thus, considering varying levels of policy strength and effective ways to induce authors’ compliance with the policies is important. Further research needs to examine other factors affecting the presence or strength of data sharing policies.
Science beyond English: to what extent do Vietnamese scholars publish in non-English languages?
Authors: Nguyen Van Luong , Luong Dinh-Hai , Pham Hiep-Hung
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Although English has become the lingua franca for scholarly communication, scholars worldwide publish in other languages. Nevertheless, few studies have answered the question, “To what extent do scholars publish in non-English languages?” This study addresses that question, limiting its scope to Vietnamese scholars.Methods: We reviewed 833 non-English documents authored by at least one scholar from Vietnam between 1960 and 2021, exploring aspects such as the language of the publication, the year of publication, the document type, number of document citations, the most prolific and most cited authors, and the primary research themes.Results: Among non-English languages, French, Russian, and Chinese were the three most often selected by Vietnamese scholars for their publications. The year 2015 was a pivotal year when non-English publications from Vietnam significantly increased. Journal articles were the most common type of document, and the most frequent subject areas were medicine, agricultural and biological sciences, engineering, energy, and environmental science.Conclusion: Although English is the primary language of science, the number of non-English documents by Vietnamese researchers has been increasing. This suggests that collaborative work between Vietnamese researchers and foreign researchers has also increased.
Trends in research on clinical reasoning in nursing over the past 20 years: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hahn Sukwon , Ryu Young Mi
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Clinical reasoning is an essential component of nursing education. This study aimed to identify the trends in research on clinical reasoning in nursing over a 22-year period.Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection was used as the target database, with the search terms “clinical reasoning,” “clinical judgement,” and “clinical decision.” The scope of the search included the subject, abstract, author’s keywords, and Keywords Plus for each article. Our literature search included journal articles from 2000 to 2021, with the subject area restricted to nursing. A total of 4,675 articles met the inclusion criteria after the removal of duplicates using digital object identifier. We used bibliometric analyses to conduct quantitative and statistical analyses of publication trends, the journals and countries with the most publications, the most productive authors, the most globally cited documents, and the most frequent keywords.Results: In nursing, studies related to clinical reasoning have increased significantly since 2000. The most prolific country has been the United States. The journal with the most publications was the Journal of Clinical Nursing. The most productive author was Considine J, with 23 publications. The most widely cited author was Tanner CA, with 614 citations. The most frequent keywords in the literature related to clinical reasoning were “care,” “nurses,” and “decision-making,” in that order.Conclusion: This study examined the quantitative analysis and statistics of publications related to clinical reasoning in nursing in the past 20 years using bibliographic information. This study can help guide future research on clinical reasoning for nurse educators.
Carl Nielsen Bibliography 1985-2019
Authors: Jensen Anne Ørbæk , Krabbe Niels , Petersen Kirsten Flensborg
Published: August 2022

This bibliography is a supplement to Mina F. Miller: Carl Nielsen. A guide to research (New York 1987) currently covering the period 1985 to 2011, supplemented with a few records which are missing in Miller's bibliography. The bibliography includes monographs and articles, plus dissertations from Denmark and the rest of the world. Important book reviews from specialist journals are included, but not reviews of recordings or concerts, CD booklets or magazine articles. As in Miller's bibliography the list encompasses both actual research and more journalistic articles written for a general readership. The bibliography is an updated linking of the Carl Nielsen bibliographies published in Carl Nielsen Studies vols.1–5 (Copenhagen 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011). The supplement was released online elsewhere in 2019 and was reissued here in 2022.
Factors affecting the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in river and groundwaters: efficiency of riverbank filtration (Mosina-Krajkowo well field, Poland)
Authors: Kruć-Fijałkowska Roksana , Dragon Krzysztof , Drożdżyński Dariusz
Published: August 2022

Pharmaceutical compounds were investigated in river and riverbank filtration (RBF) water at the Mosina-Krajkowo site (Poland), in 6 sampling campaigns between November 2019 and June 2020. All of the ten pharmaceutical compounds tested for were detected in the water. Carbamazepine, fluconazole, tramadol, sulphamethoxazole and sulphapyridine were the most frequently found, the highest concentrations being observed in surface water. There was a reduction in their levels in the horizontal well (HW) with drains located below the river bottom, averaging 17%. Significantly higher reductions (53–71%) were observed in vertical wells (VWs). Mixing, sorption and biodegradation were distinguished as processes conditioning the reduction of pharmaceutical compounds along flow paths from the river to the wells. Their reduction in the HW occurs due to sorption onto fine sediments with high organic matter content and aerobic biodegradation, while in the VWs it is the effect of aerobic biodegradation and water mixing with unpolluted groundwater. Sorption on riverbed fine sediments can also occur, especially during low water levels in the river. Biodegradation develops in oxic conditions with aerobic bacteria. VWs located at similar distances from the river yielded different concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds, because of differences in geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and well operation parameters.
Revision of the trace fossil Megagrapton Książkiewicz, 1968 with focus on Megagrapton aequale Seilacher, 1977 from the lower Eocene of the Lesser Caucasus in Georgia
Authors: Uchman Alfred , Lebanidze Zurab , Beridze Tamar , Kobakhidze Nino , Lobzhanidze Koba , Khutsishvili Sophio , Chagelishvili Rusudan , Makadze Davit , Koiava Kakha , Khundadze Nino
Published: August 2022

Megagrapton Książkiewicz, 1968 is a characteristic deep-sea trace fossil belonging to the group of graphoglyptids and mostly preserved as a network of irregular meshes in hypichnial semirelief. So far, eleven ichnospecies have been distinguished under this ichnogenus, though commonly on weak evidence. The so-far poorly known ichnospecies Megagrapton aequale Seilacher, 1977 is described here on the basis of the numerous, newly discovered specimens from deep-sea siliciclastic deposits of the Bolevani Subsuite (lower Eocene) in the Lesser Caucasus of Georgia, together with other collections and published examples. A neotype of this ichnospecies is designated and the diagnosis emended. M. aequale occurs in lower Cambrian to upper Miocene deep-sea turbiditic deposits, mostly in the Paleogene. It is characterized by relatively small, variable meshes, which have mostly irregular sub-pentagonal, sub-hexagonal or sub-heptagonal shapes that are variable in size and are bordered by curved or straight semicircular ridges. It has been mistaken for Paleodictyon, which forms regular hexagonal nets. Paleodictyon imperfectum Seilacher, 1977 is included in M. aequale as the ichnosubspecies M. a. imperfectum, which is characterized by relatively thin bordering ridges. After critical analysis of all ichnospecies, only M. irregulare Książkiewicz, 1968, M. submontanum (Azpeitia Moros, 1933), and M. aequale are recommended for further use. These are distinguished on the basis of the prevailing morphology of the meshes, irrespective of large differences in morphometric parameters within the ichnospecies. Irredictyon chaos Vialov, 1972 is included in M. irregulare as the ichnosubspecies M. i. chaos, which is characterized by relatively thick bordering ridges. Megagrapton is interpreted as a cast of a subsurface open burrow network with a few connections to the sea floor. The burrows probably functioned as a trap for small organisms (ethological subcategory irretichnia).
Users’ needs for a digital smoking cessation application and how to address them: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Albers Nele , Neerincx Mark A. , Penfornis Kristell M. , Brinkman Willem-Paul
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite their increasing prevalence and potential, eHealth applications for behavior change suffer from a lack of adherence and from dropout. Advances in virtual coach technology provide new opportunities to improve this. However, these applications still do not always offer what people need. We, therefore, need a better understanding of people’s needs and how to address these, based on both actual experiences of users and their reflections on envisioned scenarios.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study in which 671 smokers interacted with a virtual coach in five sessions. The virtual coach assigned them a new preparatory activity for quitting smoking or increasing physical activity in each session. Participants provided feedback on the activity in the next session. After the five sessions, participants were asked to describe barriers and motivators for doing their activities. In addition, they provided their views on videos of scenarios such as receiving motivational messages. To understand users’ needs, we took a mixed-methods approach. This approach triangulated findings from qualitative data, quantitative data, and the literature.

Results

We identified 14 main themes that describe people’s views of their current and future behaviors concerning an eHealth application. These themes relate to the behaviors themselves, the users, other parties involved in a behavior, and the environment. The most prevalent theme was the perceived usefulness of behaviors, especially whether they were informative, helpful, motivating, or encouraging. The timing and intensity of behaviors also mattered. With regards to the users, their perceived importance of and motivation to change, autonomy, and personal characteristics were major themes. Another important role was played by other parties that may be involved in a behavior, such as general practitioners or virtual coaches. Here, the themes of companionableness, accountability, and nature of the other party (i.e., humanvsAI) were relevant. The last set of main themes was related to the environment in which a behavior is performed. Prevalent themes were the availability of sufficient time, the presence of prompts and triggers, support from one’s social environment, and the diversity of other environmental factors. We provide recommendations for addressing each theme.

Conclusions

The integrated method of experience-based and envisioning-based needs acquisition with a triangulate analysis provided a comprehensive needs classification (empirically and theoretically grounded). We expect that our themes and recommendations for addressing them will be helpful for designing applications for health behavior change that meet people’s needs. Designers should especially focus on the perceived usefulness of application components. To aid future work, we publish our dataset with user characteristics and 5,074 free-text responses from 671 people.
CCL25/CCR9 interaction promotes the malignant behavior of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Chai Songling , Wen Zhihao , Zhang Rongxin , Bai Yuwen , Liu Jing , Li Juanjuan , Kongling Wenyao , Chen Weixian , Wang Fu , Gao Lu
Published: August 2022

Background

CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), an organ-specific chemokine receptor, interacts with its exclusive ligand CCL25 to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the effect of CCR9 on salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) malignant behavior remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism by which CCR9/CCL25 modulates malignant progression in SACC.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry staining and RT–qPCR analyses were performed to detect the correlation of CCR9 expression and tumor progression-associated markers in SACC. In vitro, SACC cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colon formation, and cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays. Vercirnon was used as an inhibitor of CCR9, and LY294002 was used as an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway in this study. Western blot and RT–qPCR assays were carried out to measure the downstream factors of the interaction of CCL25 and CCR9. The effect of CCL25 on the development of SACC in vivo was examined by a xenograft tumor model in nude mice following CCL25, Vercirnon and LY294002 treatment.

Results

CCR9 was highly expressed in SACC compared with adjacent salivary gland tissues, and its level was associated with tumor proliferation and metastases. CCL25 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through its interaction with CCR9 and exerted an antiapoptotic effect on SACC cells. Targeting CCR9 via Vercirnon significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT induced by CCL25. CCL25/CCR9 could activate its downstream factors through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, such as cyclin D1, BCL2 and SLUG, thus promoting SACC cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, invasion and metastasis. The in vivo data from the xenograft mouse models further proved that CCL25 administration promoted malignant tumor progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion

The interaction of CCL25 and CCR9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in SACC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, offering a promising strategy for SACC treatment.
An Qualitative Research on Regional Brand Image and Its Effect on Purchase Intention
Authors: Fan Mo , Weiming Chee
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the origin image of selected regional brands and its effect on consumer’s purchase intention. It also seeks to examine the importance of regional brand and finally, define consumer preference for selected agricultural product, offering marketing strategies and practices for promoting regional brands of agricultural product.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Taking a semi-structured focus group interview to provide the researcher with the opportunity to gain further understanding of the participants’ experiences in purchasing regional agricultural products. The length of the interviews is approximately 1.5 hours for each of the three groups of five people. The fifteen selected interviewees familiar with regional brands as well as agricultural product. Among them are brand managers, marketing executives, industry experts, retailers and consumers. A content analysis was conducted after interviews completed and transcribed.

Findings: The major findings of this research show that the dimension of origin image include region's economic, humanistic, industrial, typical enterprise and product itself. It also has a significant impact on consumers’ purchase intention, especially for the regional brand of agricultural product. Interestingly, if origin is clearly indicated on the label, the sales of the agricultural products would be greater, but it plays the moderate role rather than key factor.

Practical/Managerial Implications: This research suggests that regional brand image is important in the eyes of a potential consumer in that it could to some extent induce the consumer to purchase the agricultural product. The results of the research provide insights into regional branding strategies to better manage and design marketing practices and activities to increase consumer preferences.

Originality/Value: This paper is of value to academic researcher, agricultural product retailer, brand manager and regional brand associations alike as it synthesis the factors of country-of-origin effect in the consumer purchasing process and the impact of country-of-origin as a agriculture marketing strategy.
Barriers of Utilizing an Electronic Health System in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kuffour Emmanuel Anning
Published: August 2022

Objective:  Accessing data information of patients has been a challenge for years due to the use of paper recording, some essential data are either lost or mistakenly thrown away and cannot be retrieved. This is a major public health concern to ensure the effective provision of healthcare to patients. The purpose of the study focuses on the barriers to utilizing an electronic health system in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the keywords in the search query were directed toward the barriers to the implementation of an electronic health system in Sub-Saharan Africa. Areas noted in relation to this study were the use of electronic health systems among health professionals. Therefore, there was a linkage of papers pointing out the barriers hindering the implementation of the e-health system.

Results: According to Kemper and other researchers more than half (58.1%) of the physicians without an electronic medical system doubt that an electronic medical system can improve patient care or clinical outcomes. In Shachak’s research, where this issue was considered, 92% of physicians felt electronic medical system use did disturb communication with their patients.

Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used as an overview of barriers that physicians might possibly see in the electronic medical system implementation process and, as such, could be valuable for electronic medical system policymakers and implementers. The study indicates that policymakers should be more aware of the reality that removing technical, financial, and legal barriers is not sufficient to ensure the realization of the promises of electronic medical system.
Effectiveness of Conflict Resolution Strategies in a Public Secondary Schools’ Management in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania
Authors: Alex Anna , Mukadi Marcel
Published: August 2022

This study intended to assess effectiveness of conflict resolution strategies in a public secondary schools’ management in Morogoro Municipality. The study employed a descriptive research design based on mixed research approach. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting study area and 112 respondents from 7 public secondary schools in Morogoro municipality. Questionnaires and interviews were research instruments used to collect data. Also, the collected data were descriptively analyzed to generate the frequencies and percentages with the help of SPSS software version 25. The study results showed that conflict resolution strategies have positive impact on the effectiveness management by ensuring peace and harmony, high job performance, high academic performance, the spirit of teamwork, high retention of teachers and problem-solving. Based on the study findings, a researcher recommended that the school administrator should involve teachers in conflict management methods to allow for the creation of good and constructive relationships.
Design and Validation of a Scale to Measure Attitudes towards Abortion Legislation; Application of Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Suranga M. Suchira , Silva Kalinga Tudor , Senanayake Lakshman
Published: August 2022

General societal attitudes on induced abortion can influence the health sector policy response towards providing safe abortion services. This study aimed to develop a scale and evaluate the validity and reliability to measure public attitudes towards abortion legislation. An scale was developed by adapting existing scales and finalized with experts’ opinions. An interview schedule was administered among 728 adults residents in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Validity and reliability were tested after performing Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).

The finalized scale contained 8 items and 2 factors named “Attitudes towards soft reasons” and “Attitudes towards hard reasons”. The two factors explained 71% of the total variability. The CFA showed a good model fit. Composite Reliability for the first and second factors were 0.938 and 0.890 respectively. The scale’s internal consistency correlation coefficient was at the acceptable level (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.923 and 0.850, McDonald’s omega = 0.915 and 0.863 for the first and second factors respectively). The Average Variance Extracted of the two factors were 0.792 and 0.671 whereas the Maximum Shared Squared Variance was 0.054. The correlation between the two factors was 0.23.

The scale is proved to have high validity and reliability to measure the public attitudes towards abortion legislation.
Considering Caregivers’ Needs in Hospital at Home Programs
Authors: Mason Diana J. , Naylor Mary , Reinhard Susan
Published: August 2022

This JAMA Forum discusses the Hospital at Home movement in the US and need for this model to better include and provide support for family caregivers.
Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Acute Incident Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Xie JunQing , Prats-Uribe Albert , Feng Qi , Wang YunHe , Gill Dipender , Paredes Roger , Prieto-Alhambra Dani
Published: August 2022

Importance

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in ambulatory COVID-19 is controversial. In addition, the association of vaccination with COVID-19–related VTE and relevant clinical and genetic risk factors remain to be elucidated.

Objective

To quantify the association between ambulatory COVID-19 and short-term risk of VTE, study the potential protective role of vaccination, and investigate clinical and genetic risk factors for post–COVID-19 VTE.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study of patients with COVID-19 from UK Biobank included participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection that was confirmed by a positive polymerase chain test reaction result between March 1, 2020, and September 3, 2021, who were then propensity score matched to COVID-19–naive people during the same period. Participants with a history of VTE who used antithrombotic drugs (1 year before index dates) or tested positive in hospital were excluded.

Exposures

First infection with SARS-CoV-2, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, obesity, vaccination status, and inherited thrombophilia.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a composite VTE, including deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, which occurred 30 days after the infection. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using cause-specific Cox models.

Results

In 18 818 outpatients with COVID-19 (10 580 women [56.2%]; mean [SD] age, 64.3 [8.0] years) and 93 179 matched uninfected participants (52 177 women [56.0%]; mean [SD] age, 64.3 [7.9] years), the infection was associated with an increased risk of VTE in 30 days (incidence rate of 50.99 and 2.37 per 1000 person-years for infected and uninfected people, respectively; HR, 21.42; 95% CI, 12.63-36.31). However, risk was substantially attenuated among the fully vaccinated (HR, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.82-19.5; interaction P = .02). In patients with COVID-19, older age, male sex, and obesity were independently associated with higher risk, with adjusted HRs of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.50-2.33) per 10 years, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.30-2.19), and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.28-2.61), respectively. Further, inherited thrombophilia was associated with an HR of 2.05 (95% CI, 1.15-3.66) for post–COVID-19 VTE.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study of patients with COVID-19, ambulatory COVID-19 was associated with a substantially increased risk of incident VTE, but this risk was greatly reduced in fully vaccinated people with breakthrough infection. Older age, male sex, and obesity were clinical risk factors for post–COVID-19 VTE; factor V Leiden thrombophilia was additionally associated with double the risk, comparable with the risk of 10-year aging. These findings may reinforce the need for vaccination, inform VTE risk stratification, and call for targeted VTE prophylaxis strategies for unvaccinated outpatients with COVID-19.
Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Sodhi Mohit , Yeung Sonia N. , Maberley David , Mikelberg Frederick , Etminan Mahyar
Published: August 2022

Importance

Taxane-based chemotherapy agents, such as docetaxel and paclitaxel, are used for treating a wide range of cancers. Although much has been published on adverse events related to taxanes, data on ocular outcomes with these very important drugs are scant.

Objective

To quantify the risk of 3 mutually exclusive ocular adverse events of epiphora, cystoid macular edema (CME), and optic neuropathy with taxane-based chemotherapy agents by undertaking a large pharmacoepidemiologic study.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study design used a private health-claims database from the US that captures health information of more than 150 million enrollees. The study team created a cohort of new users of women with cancer who were taking taxane-based chemotherapy (docetaxel or paclitaxel) and new users of tamoxifen as controls. Study members were observed to the first incidence of each of the 3 mutually exclusive outcomes. An analysis of taxane-only users was also undertaken.

Exposure

Tamoxifen (unexposed) and taxanes (ie, paclitaxel and docetaxel) as the exposed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

First diagnosis of (1) epiphora, (2) cystoid macular edema (CME), or (3) optic neuropathy ascertained using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision.

Results

Among the 18 219 users in the epiphora analysis and optic neuropathy analysis, there were 1824 taxane users (paclitaxel and docetaxel) (age, mean [SD], 62.1 [12.7] years) and 16 395 tamoxifen users (age, mean [SD], 54.6 [12.8] years), respectively. The crude hazard ratio (HR) for epiphora was 5.55 (95% CI, 2.99-10.29) and adjusted HR was 5.15 (95% CI, 2.79-9.54). For optic neuropathy, the crude HR was 4.43 (95% CI, 1.10-17.82) and the adjusted HR was 4.44 (95% CI, 1.04-18.87). Among the 18 433 users in the CME analysis, there were 1909 taxane users (paclitaxel and docetaxel) (age, mean [SD], 62.5 years) and 16 524 tamoxifen users (age, mean [SD], 54.6 years). The crude HR for CME comparing taxane users with tamoxifen users was 1.37 (95% CI, 0.72-2.60) and adjusted HR was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.70-2.53). The HRs for epiphora and CME in the taxane cohort during the time of exposure compared with the period prior to use of the drugs were 2.86 (95% CI, 1.11-7.39) and 2.27 (95% CI, 0.68-7.54), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In a cohort of women who were using taxane chemotherapy agents, there was an association with elevated risk for epiphora, CME, and optic neuropathy. Ophthalmologists and oncologists should be aware of these adverse events in women with breast cancer who receive these drugs.
Ultrarare Coding Variants and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Creeth Hugo D. J. , Rees Elliott , Legge Sophie E. , Dennison Charlotte A. , Holmans Peter , Walters James T. R. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Impaired cognitive function in schizophrenia is associated with poor functional outcomes, but the role of rare coding variants is unclear.

Objective

To determine whether ultrarare constrained variants (URCVs) are associated with cognition in patients with schizophrenia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Linear regression was used to perform a within-case genetic association study of URCVs and current cognition and premorbid cognitive ability. A multivariable linear regression analysis of the outcomes associated with URCVs, schizophrenia polygenic risk score, polygenic risk score for intelligence and schizophrenia associated copy number variants on cognitive ability was performed. Exome sequencing data from 802 participants with schizophrenia were assessed for current cognition using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery and for estimated premorbid IQ using the National Adult Reading Test. Individuals were recruited from clinical and voluntary mental health services in the UK. Those with a diagnosis of intellectual disability or a neurological disorder known to affect cognition were excluded. Data collection occurred between 2007 and 2015. Data were analyzed between April 2020 and March 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Association between URCVs, current cognition, and current cognition adjusted for premorbid IQ.

Results

Of the 802 participants, 499 (62%) were men and 303 (38%) were women; mean (SD) age at interview was 43.36 (11.87) years. Ultrarare constrained variants (n = 400) were associated with lower current cognition scores (β = −0.18; SE = 0.07; P = .005). In the univariable analysis, premorbid IQ was associated with URCVs (β = −0.12; SE = 0.05; P = .02) and partly attenuated the association with current cognition (β = −0.09; SE = 0.05; P = .08). Multivariable analysis showed that measured genetic factors combined accounted for 6.2% of variance in current cognition, 10.3% of variance in premorbid IQ, and supported outcomes of URCVs associated with current cognition independent of premorbid IQ (β = −0.10; SE = 0.05; P = .03).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that URCVs contribute to variance in cognitive function in schizophrenia, with partly independent associations before and after onset of the disorder. Although the estimated effect sizes were small, future studies may show that the effect sizes will be greater with better annotation of pathogenic variants. Genomic data may contribute to identifying those at particularly high risk of cognitive impairment in whom early remedial or preventive measures can be implemented.
Identification of hub genes related to the innate immune response activated during spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Liu Xizhe , Wu Huachuan , Guo Peng , Li Baoliang , Wang Jianmin , Tian Wei , Chen Dafu , Gao Manman , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Shaoyu
Published: August 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to sensory and motor dysfunction. Two major factors that hinder spinal cord repair are local inflammation and glial scar formation after SCI, and thus appropriate immunotherapy may alleviate damage. To characterize changes in gene expression that occur during SCI and thereby identify putative targets for immunotherapy, here we analyzed the dataset GSE5296 (containing one control group and six SCI groups at different timepoints) to identify differentially‐expressed genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed and a protein–protein interaction network was created to identify possible hub genes. Finally, we performed quantitative PCR to verify changes in gene expression. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze innate immune cell infiltration patterns. The dataset GSE162610 (containing one control group and three SCI groups at different timepoints) was analyzed to evaluate innate immune cell infiltration at the single‐cell level. The dataset GSE151371 (containing one control group [n = 10] and an SCI group [n = 38]) was used to detect the expression of hub genes in the blood from SCI patients. Differentially‐expressed innate immune‐related genes at each timepoint were identified, and the functions and related signaling pathways of these genes were examined. Six hub genes were identified and verified. We then analyzed the expression characteristics of these hub genes and characteristics of innate immune infiltration in SCI; finally, we examined ligand expression in the context of the CCL signaling pathway and COMPLEMENT signaling pathway networks. This study reveals the characteristics of innate immune cell infiltration and temporal expression patterns of hub genes, and may aid in the development of immunotherapies for SCI.
Effect of Blasting Treatments on the Surface Topography and Cell Adhesion on Biodegradable FeMn‐Based Stents Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Paul Birgit , Hofmann Anja , Weinert Sönke , Frank Frieda , Wolff Ulrike , Krautz Maria , Edelmann Jan , Gee Michael W. , Reeps Christian , Hufenbach Julia
Published: August 2022

Despite all progresses made so far, in‐stent restenosis (ISR) is still a vital problem after angioplasty and stenting with permanent stents. Therefore, the effects of microblasting on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufactured biodegradable Fe‐based stents with regard to surface topography and its effect on smooth muscle cell (SMC) adherence, which could be interpreted as an early hallmark for ISR, are characterized. The LPBF‐processed Fe‐30Mn‐1C‐0.025S stents are microblasted with spherical glass beads and angular corundum particles. On the microscale, the partially molten particles on the stents are significantly reduced after the surface treatments, especially after microblasting with glass beads. Angular corundum particles lead to a rougher surface on the nanoscale as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. With the aim to reduce migration and proliferation of SMC, which contribute to ISR after stenting, the interactions of microblasted stent surfaces with SMC are assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Both microblasted surfaces reduce SMC adhesion and change SMC morphology compared to the as‐built state as well as to commercially available 316L stents. In conclusion, microblasting treatment shows a high potential for the postprocessing of additively manufactured, biodegradable stents due to the reduction of the surface roughness and possible beneficial effect regarding ISR.
Mitigating Pt Loss in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts Using Graphene Nanoplatelet Pickering Emulsion Processing
Authors: Park Kyu‐Young , Sweers Matthew E. , Berner Ulrich , Hirth Erhard , Downing Julia R. , Hui Janan , Mailoa Jonathan , Johnston Christina , Kim Soo , Seitz Linsey C. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: August 2022

Carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticles are the leading catalysts for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, these ORR catalysts suffer from poor electrochemical durability, particularly the loss of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) due to Pt nanoparticle dissolution and agglomeration. Here, Pt loss is mitigated through a Pickering emulsion‐processing strategy that employs graphene nanoplatelet dispersions stabilized by the polymer ethyl cellulose. The resulting graphene‐Pt/Vulcan carbon (Pt/C) catalysts exhibit superior durability and ECSA retention throughout an accelerated stress test compared with a commercial Pt/C standard catalyst, both in a diagnostic‐rotating disc electrode setup and in a membrane electrode assembly full cell. These graphene‐Pt/C catalysts also improve durability at high‐voltage conditions, providing further evidence of their exceptional electrochemical stability. Consistent with density functional theory calculations, postelectrochemical characterization reveals that Pt nanoparticles localize at graphene defects both on the basal plane and especially at the edges of the graphene nanoplatelets. Since this Pt nanoparticle localization suppresses Pt nanoparticle dissolution and agglomeration without hindering accessibility of the reactant species to the catalyst surface, the ORR performance under both idealized and practical experimental conditions shows significantly improved durability while maintaining high electrochemical activity.
Isolated Co‐Ti‐Y Trimetallic Synergistic Catalysis Based on Apparent Anti‐Electronegative Polarization
Authors: Qiu Yu , Wu Chongchong , Gates Ian Donald , Yang Yuanxi , Guo Shuhai , Men Zhuowu , Lou Bin , Yang Xiujie , Shi Nan , Wen Fushan , Yin Changlong , Zhou Jiashun , Li Ben , Chou Weichao , Liu Dong
Published: August 2022

Rational design of multimetallic synergistic catalysis is a grand challenge in the field of green catalysis because synergistic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, by exploiting a unique apparent anti‐electronegativity polarization in cobalt‐titanium‐yttrium trimetallic synergy, a unified methodology is demonstrated to activate oxygen and nitrogen. The new trimetallic synergistic catalyst achieves direct solvent‐free aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid and direct nitrogen oxidation of acetonitrile to guanidine. The delocalization of d‐orbitals and activation of inner electrons are the linchpins of catalytic performance, contributing to 90.87% selectivity for ketone‐alcohol oil and adipic‐acid and 89.30% selectivity for guanidine, respectively. The experiments and calculations demonstrate that the prodigious electrophilicity of the yttrium site overcomes the homeostasis of valence shell structures in the isolated cobalt and titanium sites. The valence electrons of this synergistic system become enriched with anti‐electronegative polarization and concomitant high charge transfer efficiency. In response to urging sustainable chemistry, the results corroborate that the activation strategies and mechanisms of molecular oxygen and nitrogen can be moderated and unified when multimetallic synergy is considered.
Crossover Effects in Lithium‐Metal Batteries with a Localized High Concentration Electrolyte and High‐Nickel Cathodes
Authors: Langdon Jayse , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2022

While crossover effects, such as transition‐metal dissolution, are well‐understood in lithium‐ion batteries, there is a limited understanding of the effect of crossed‐over chemical species in cells with oxide cathodes and lithium‐metal anodes. In this work, the effects of cathode‐to‐anode and anode‐to‐cathode crossover are explored in cells with a high‐nickel cathode, lithium‐metal anode, and a localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE). Dramatic differences are found among cells; a lithium‐metal anode paired with a high‐nickel cathode has three times less solid‐electrolyte interphase growth than a lithium‐metal anode paired with lithium metal. Meanwhile, the cathode paired with lithium metal has 2–3 times higher capacity fade than the same cathode paired with graphite. Decomposition and crossover of the FSI salt is identified as the main source of these changes. The fluorine in the salt is first stripped off at the lithium‐metal anode, and the remaining sulfur and nitrogen cross over to the cathode. Although the reduction in fluorine content harms the surface stability of the cathode, the lithium‐metal anode benefits from the increased fluorine content. Because the lithium‐metal anode is typically the bottleneck for cells with thin lithium, crossover is a major factor in the enhanced performance of lithium‐metal batteries with LHCE.
Engineering Self‐Powered Electrochemical Sensors Using Analyzed Liquid Sample as the Sole Energy Source
Authors: Sailapu Sunil Kumar , Menon Carlo
Published: August 2022

Many healthcare and environmental monitoring devices use electrochemical techniques to detect and quantify analytes. With sensors progressively becoming smaller—particularly in point‐of‐care (POC) devices and wearable platforms—it creates the opportunity to operate them using less energy than their predecessors. In fact, they may require so little power that can be extracted from the analyzed fluids themselves, for example, blood or sweat in case of physiological sensors and sources like river water in the case of environmental monitoring. Self‐powered electrochemical sensors (SPES) can generate a response by utilizing the available chemical species in the analyzed liquid sample. Though SPESs generate relatively low power, capable devices can be engineered by combining suitable reactions, miniaturized cell designs, and effective sensing approaches for deciphering analyte information. This review details various such sensing and engineering approaches adopted in different categories of SPES systems that solely use the power available in liquid sample for their operation. Specifically, the categories discussed in this review cover enzyme‐based systems, battery‐based systems, and ion‐selective electrode‐based systems. The review details the benefits and drawbacks with these approaches, as well as prospects of and challenges to accomplishing them.
Designing Quinone‐Based Anodes with Rapid Kinetics for Rechargeable Proton Batteries
Authors: Yang Xinru , Ni Youxuan , Lu Yong , Zhang Qiu , Hou Jinze , Yang Gaojing , Liu Xiaomeng , Xie Weiwei , Yan Zhenhua , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

Quinone compounds, which are capable of accommodating proton (H+), are emerging electrodes in aqueous batteries. However, the storage mechanism of proton in quinone compounds is less known and the energy/power density of quinone‐based proton battery is still limited. Here we design a series of quinone anodes and study their electrochemical properties in acidic electrolyte, in which tetramethylquinone (TMBQ) delivers a high capacity of 300 mAh g−1 with an extremely low polarization of 20 mV at 1 C, and maintains over 50 % theoretical capacity in less than 16 seconds. The fast kinetics of TMBQ is attributed to the continuous H+ migration channel, high H+ diffusion coefficient (10−6 cm2 s−1), and low H+ migration energy barrier (0.26 eV). When coupling with MnO2 cathode, the battery shows a long lifespan of 4000 cycles with a capacity retention of 77 % at 5 C. This study reveals the proton transport in quinone‐electrodes and offers new insights to design advanced aqueous batteries.
Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand into Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Sievers Robin , Sellin Malte , Rupf Susanne M. , Parche Joshua , Malischewski Moritz
Published: August 2022

The reaction of AgBF4 and [Rh(COD)Cl]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in presence of [NEt4][C5(CF3)5] afforded the fluorocarbon soluble complex [Rh(COD)(C5(CF3)5)] by salt metathesis. This complex represents the first example for a successful coordination of the weakly basic [C5(CF3)5]− ligand, since its first synthesis in 1980. In addition to [Rh(COD)(C5(CF3)5)] also the byproduct [Rh(COD)(C5(CF3)4H)] was isolated and fully characterized. Accompanying DFT studies showed that the interaction energy of the [C5(CF3)5]− ligand towards the 12‐electron fragment [Rh(COD)]+ is ≈70 kcal mol−1 lower in comparison to [C5(CH3)5]− due to reduced electrostatic interactions and weaker π‐donor properties of the ligand. The quantitative but reversible substitution of the [C5(CF3)5]− ligand by toluene, converting it into a weakly coordinating anion, experimentally proved the extraordinary weak bonding interaction.