bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Pupils Face in Learning Phonological Skills: A Case of
Bunda District, Tanzania
Authors: Mramboa Amani , Ligembe Nestory
Published: March 2022

This study assessed pupils’ phonological awareness (PA) skills in reading English language among Primary Schools in Bunda, Tanzania. The study was guided by the Interactive Theory developed by Rumelhart (1980) that views reading as a process which employs both the top –down and the bottom –up processes. Collection of data was done by using interviews, focus group discussions and tests. Data collection was also done through classroom observations, interviews, focus group discussions and tests. The major findings revealed that majority pupils in public primary schools and some in English medium schools had low phonological awareness skills. The pupils faced difficulties in pronouncing words with consonant clusters and in decoding digraphs; they also faced difficulties in recognizing silent sounds and in o decoding words with irregular Grapheme Phoneme Correspondences (GPC). Pupils inserted phonemes within consonant blends and in word finals as a result of Kiswahili and mother tongue influences. The study concluded that pupils will excel in learning phonological skills if teachers strictly employ phonics strategies such as segmentation, blending, substitution, deletion and rhyming games. Moreover, teachers in English medium primary schools and their colleagues in public schools should work closely together in addressing the strategies and techniques of imparting phonological awareness skills to pupils.
Nature, Causes and Development Implications of Ecological
Injustice in Uganda
Authors: Lubaale Grace
Published: March 2022

Uganda is one of the developing countries in the world that experience ecological injustice emanating from unsustainable use of natural resources. This study attempted to reveal the nature, causes and implications of ecological injustices in Uganda through the descriptive design. The target population was 300 Senior Officers from UWA, NEMA, NFA and NFA from whom 30 interviews were done. Stratified simple and random sampling techniques were used to get the 30 respondents taking cognizance of their seniority, gender and Regularity Authority of Employment. Documents enabled access to quantitative data while interviews provided qualitative data. The results revealed an existing over exploitation of natural resources like forests, fisheries, land, wetlands and wildlife. This is caused by poverty, weak enforcement, corruption, increasing population and moral degeneration which have resulted into in low agricultural output, climate change and loss of forests, fish, wildlife and biodiversity. In conclusion, Uganda is experiencing ecological injustices that are not a natural phenomenon but politically, economically and socially constructed. It is possible to deconstruct them now in order to avoid desertification as well as imbalance of animals and plants in the ecological system due to exhaustion through research, innovation, awareness, enforcement, legislation and energy development.
A Randomized Single Blind Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Analgesic Effect by Application of Katuki Lepaand Lidocaine 2% Gel in Fissure in Ano
Authors: Aralikatti Jagadeesh. G. , Emmi S. V. , Kupati Veena
Published: March 2022

Anal fissure is the common disease having the incidence of 30 to 40% of the population, young adult’s i.e.80-90% will have the posterior midline and rarely anterior. Parikartikais ‘Kartanavat vedanain Gudapradesh’ and it is not mentioned as a single disease ailment but explained asVyapat, Purvarupa, Lakshanaof other diseases. The aim and objective of this study was toevaluate to the analgesic effect by application of Katuki Lepaand lidocaine 2% gel in fissure in ano. Subjects were selected from attending ShalyatantraO.P.D of K.L.E’s AyurvedaHospital Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Randomly fissure in ano subjects age between 20 to 60 yrs subjects are selected as per randomization chart. Each trial and control group containing 15 subjects were included in the study. In trail group Katuki Lepa applying externally daily once and continued for 7 days. In control group 2% lidocaine gel for external application daily once for 7 days. Subject was assessed daily for 7 days. Subjects showed improvement in aspects of decreasing pain and sphincter spasm. Pain reduction in treated group was 94.65 % in control group and 73.73% trial. Analgesics effect of effective in fissure in ano and helped in preventing fistula in ano as further complication.
A Case Study- Dashamoola Niruha Basti and Shamana Chikitsa in PCOS w.s.r Arthava Kshaya
Authors: M Sharath Kumar
Published: March 2022

PCOD is one of the conditions affecting this unique capacity of woman. The disorder is probably the most common hormonal abnormality in women of reproductive age and certainly a leading cause of infertility. PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is a complex disorder comprising of anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. In Ayurveda all gynecological disorders are explained under Yonivyapad. Based on the principles of yonivyapad, PCOS can be diagnosed and treated as well. Her reports showed PCOS, right tubal block and Anovulatory cycles. She was treated with different Ayurveda treatment modalities Niruha basti (oil and decoction enema) and internal medicines like Abhraloha Aarogyavardhini and Dashamoolarishta.
A Single Case Study on the Curative Effect of Some Ayurvedic Modalities in Kati Prista Graha w.s.r Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Mahapatra P.B Kar , Nematullah Md , Mahmood Sufia , Das Madhumita
Published: March 2022

Ankylosing spondylitis is a most troublesome health hazards all over globe the patient of this gradually become physically challenged and mentally depressed. There are no such safe and effective remedy in modern medicine whereas Ayurvedic treatment has showed an excellent curative effect in a case of Ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B27 positive. As Ayurveda usually delt with most of the neuro-musculo-skeletal disorder in a significant success manner through the conceptual remedies of Vata Vyadhi. In present study a 28-year-old young boy become bedridden by the ailment Ankylosing spondylitis with the evidence of HLA-B27 positive, some Panchakarma therapy along with Snehana and Swedana and internal Ayurvedic medicine have been implied to the patient that showed new ray of life to the patient by relieving the complaints and presenting the negative report of HLA-B27.
A Single Case Study of Ayurvedic Management of Yakraddalyudaraw.s.r. to Hepatomegaly
Authors: Meena Seema , Sharma Ravi
Published: March 2022

Ayurveda has many propositions to hepatobiliary diseases which are akin to modern understanding of hepatology. Besides elaborate clinical descriptions of various hepatic conditions, Ayurveda further proposes many herbal, Herbo mineral and dietary interventions to prevent and to manage such conditions. Kalmegha( Andrographis panniculata ), Bhumiamalki churna, Kutki churna, are trusted drugs from Ayurvedic repertory which is variously used in many hepatic conditions. We had gone through a pilot study to evaluate its role in various hepatic conditions and found that it has a beneficial role in hepatocellular pathologies. The ayurvedic method aims to reduce disability while also easing symptoms. Here, we discuss a case of Yakrddalyudara that was effectively treated by Ayurvedic medicine.
Management of Schizophrenia in Ayurveda-A Case Report
Authors: KS Adithya , R Vinod
Published: March 2022

Schizophrenia is unarguably one of the most devastating mental illnesses. It often strikes early in life, and onset can signal the presence of an irreversible vulnerability toward psychosis that creates a lifetime of anguish and burden for patients and their loved ones. Symptoms of Schizophrenia are similar to that of Unmada mentioned in Ayurveda classics. This article deals with a case of Schizophrenia which was diagnosed as Kaphaja Unmada- Pithaanubandha according to diagnostic principles of Ayurveda. The patient is having general presentation that suggests the presence of negative symptoms, including signs such as communication difficulties, flat affect, limited emotion, social inactivity, low motivation, and retarded psychomotor activity along with some positive symptoms. She was administered with Dhaara, Snehapaana, Virechana, Vasthi and Nasya during 45 days of Inpatient management along with internal medications. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Total two assessments were carried out before treatment and after completion of 45 days of treatment. The results were promising and worth detailing, and the negative symptoms got complete relief on PANSS. Panchakarma procedures along with internal Ayurvedic medicines provided promising results for successful tapering of antipsychotic medication and also for better management of Schizophrenia along with improved life quality of the patient. The case report stresses the role of Ayurveda treatment modalities in managing similar psychiatric conditions.
KARAKTERISTIK SURAT TILANG DALAM PENINDAKAN PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN
Authors: Pietersz Jemmy Jefry
Published: March 2022

Violations action in the field of Traffic and Transportation is the act of sanctioning violations. This action is done by issuing Surat Tilang as a result of the violations found in the inspection of motor vehicles on the road. Surat Tilang has characterized as a unilateral administrative action as a form of administrative sanctions against violations committed and does not require the court rulings against government actions that are unilateral. Thus, the Surat Tilang is categorized as an Administrative Decision.
PRINSIP DAN NORMA HUKUM PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA SECARA SWAKELOLA
Authors: Kuahaty Sarah Selfina
Published: March 2022

Procurement of goods/services the government is a government activity that has generally been regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 54 Year 2010 Concerning the Procurement of Goods/services of the Government. Procurement conducted by the government can be implemented by using a provider of goods/services or self-managed. In the procurement of goods/services are self-managed, then the planned procurement of work, work, and supervised solely by implementing self-management, among others can be done by the Ministry / Institution / Work Unit Regional / Other Institutions and Community Group. In the implementation of procurement of goods/services should be based on the principle of self-managed Efficient, Effective, Transparent, Open, Competitive, Fair / non-discriminatory, and Accountable. In the procurement of goods/services in self-management is also inseparable from the making of the contract, then in addition to these principles are self-managed procurement should also be implemented based on the principles as set forth in Civil Code principle of freedom of contract, Consensualism Principles, Principle of equality of the parties, Principles Pacta sunt servanda, and the Principles of good faith
Recent advances in the management of thyroid associated orbitopathy: A promising roadmap
Authors: Deepthi Elizabeth Kurian  , Sanjay Kalra  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: March 2022

the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease; an auto-immune entity that has precarious visual consequences as well as psychological morbidity even in its milder stages. The treatment is largely based on the ‘activity’ and ‘severity’ of the disease; however, outcome can vary between patients depending on certain known and unknown risk factors. While there are certain guidelines on managing the orbitopathy, there are multiple lacunae in our knowledge of its pathophysiology. The current era is one where our mainstay of treatment of the active disease is still glucocorticoids, albeit a few good immunomodulatory drugs that have shown promising outcomes are in our armamentarium. In this article we present a compendium of the current consensus in the management of Graves’ orbitopathy, its evidence based rationale and crucial constraints along with the details of emerging biological agents.

Keywords: Graves, thyroid associated orbitopathy, immunomodulation
Ўзбекистон Республикасининг манфаатларига хилоф равишда битимлар тузиш жиноятининг юридик таҳлили
Authors: Бобожонов Бобохон
Published: March 2022

Мазкур мақолада муаллиф Ўзбекистон Республикасининг манфаатларига хилоф равишда битимлар тузиш жиноятини давлат харидлари соҳасидаги жиноят сифатида таъкидлаб, унинг юридик таҳлилига оид мулоҳазалар, шу масаладаги баҳс-мунозараларни, жиноят қонунини қўллаш билан боғлиқ у ёки бу муаммоларга нисбатан нуқтаи назарларни жиноят қонуни нормалари тараққий этиши билан боғлаб келтирган.
Муаллифнинг қайд этишича, наф келтирмаслиги аён бўлган битимни тузиш, шу жумладан, Ўзбекистон Республикаси ҳудудига илгари фойдаланилган, жисман ишлатиб бўлинган, маънавий эскирган ёки замон талабларига жавоб бермайдиган асбоб-ускунани ёхуд технологияларни олиб киришга, шунингдек, уларни ўрнатиш ва жорий этишга олиб келган битимни тузиш, республика манфаатларига кўп миқдорда зарар етказган бўлса, худди шунингдек, бундай битим тузилишига сабаб бўлган юқорида таъкидланганидек, эксперт хулосасини ёки бошқа ҳужжатни ваколатли давлат органининг ёки бошқа ташкилотнинг мансабдор шахси томонидан берилганлиги учун жиноий жавобгарликнинг муқаррарлигини таъминлаш миллий иқтисодиётни ривожлантириш ва модернизациялаштиришда муҳим аҳамиятга эга.
Юқорида келтириб ўтилган соҳадаги муаммолар давлат харидлари соҳасидаги жиноятлар, хусусан, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг манфаатларига хилоф равишда битимлар тузганлик учун жавобгарликни тадқиқ этиш долзарблигини кўрсатиши қайд этилган.
Buxoro amirligi davrida Samarqandning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy hayoti (XIX asrning birinchi yarmi)
Authors: Lapasov Mirkomil , Urazov Komiljon
Published: March 2022

Mazkur maqolada XIX asr boshlarida Buxoro amirligining va, shu jumladan, Samarqand shahrining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy munosabatlari, savdo-sotiq munosabatlarida O‘rta Osiyoning yirik hunarmandchilik rivojlangan markazlaridan biri hisoblanganligini, Samarqand shahrining hunarmandchilik sohalarining taraqqiy etishi, Rossiya bilan savdo munosabatlari o‘zgara boshlaganligini tavsiflash mumkin bo‘ladi. XIX asr birinchi yarmida Samarqand shahri yirik savdo markazi bo‘lib, unda istiqomat qiluvchi turli millat vakillari qizg‘in savdo munosabatlarida faol ishtirok etgan.
The use and impact of ICT in teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Blavo Jude Femi , Oroleeye Adesoji Adeyemi
Published: March 2022

The study assessed the use and impact of Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey design was used for the study. The data were collected using self developed structured questionnaire, the co-variates collected in the questionnaire were: availability of ICT, adequate personnel and availability of funds, test-retest reliability co-efficient of 0.76 while purposive and stratified sampling technique was used to select the respondents and schools respectively. One thousand eight hundred and twenty six instruments were retrieved out of One thousand nine hundred and fifty distributed and statistics of mean, standard deviation and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that all the co-variates used in the study were significant. Showing a joint regression produced F (6.1819) = 83.188, P<0.05. Since p value is less than 0.05. Integrating information and communication technology into health Education is very essential to improve the teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos Nigeria.
Analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness of 9-11 year old primary school children in Nigeria using blood pressure and vital capacity
Authors: Babalola Joseph Folorunso , Nna Charity Chidinma
Published: March 2022

The skeletal muscle has the ability to extract and use oxygen for generation of energy to perform physical activities. This ability is referred to as cardiorespiratory fitness. The variables measured in this study were resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity and forced vital capacity. Four hypotheses tested at 0.05 alpha level. There were significant differences between the participants and the standard norms in all the variables studied in this research. Resting systolic blood pressure (t-Cal= 190.576 > t-Crit.=2.021, P<0.05); Resting diastolic blood pressure (t- Cal=51.951> t-Crit.=2.01, P<0.05); Vital Capacity (t-Cal=- 31.527> t-Crit. = 2.021, P<0.05); Forced Vital Capacity (t- Cal=13.951 > t-Crit. = 2.021, P<0.05); Generally, it was observed that the cardiorespiratory fitness level of the participants was low despite the significant difference in the variables when compared to the standard norm. A programme should be designed to encourage children to lose weight in a healthy manner, thus reducing their BMI and improve their physical fitness, and general wellbeing. Parents should guide the pupils to spend less time on computer games and encourage active physical exercises in form of trekking to school where possible, in order to enhance their cardiorespiratory fitness.
Correlate of safety measures of oil marketing companies and safety behaviours of fuel station attendants in Sekondi Takoradi Metropolis
Authors: Ansah Edward W. , Mintah Joseph K. , Menyanu Elias K.
Published: March 2022

Workers of fuel retail industry are exposed to many hazards as result of their job and behaviors. Management’s safety practices are important workplace preventive measures to reducing health and safety hazards. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of safety behaviors among pump attendants and the relationship between attendants’ safety behaviors and safety measures of the companies in the Sekondi-Takoradi. This survey involved 114 pump attendants from four purposively sampled oil marketing companies. Researcher generated questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency reliability of .81 was used to collect data, using SPSS version 16.0 with Pearson correlation as statistical tool. The results indicated that 70% of the respondents disagreed they sometimes ignore safety rules to get their work done quickly, while 86.8% disagreed they sometimes intentionally allow fuel to touch their body. Also, as 60% of the participants agreed they always change into house dresses after work, 78% agreed they always observe safety rules at their stations. Pearson bivariate correlation analysis showed that safety policy enforcement positively correlated moderately (r = 0.6) with attendants’ safety behavior while a low positive relationship was observed between personal protective equipment and safety behaviors of the attendants. The fuel attendants performed their jobs with high sense of safety. Furthermore, provision of appropriate workplace safety measures has positive relationship with the safety behaviors of the participants. Hence, instituting worksite safety policy and enforcing them will positively promote safe work performance among the attendants.
Os Primórdios da Antropologia Brasileira (1900-1979)
Authors: Laraia Roque de Barros
Published: March 2022

Toda história, como também os mitos, possuem muitas versões e o mesmo ocorre com a história da antropologia brasileira, principalmente no que se refere à origem formal da nossa disciplina. Pode ser que alguém acredite que nossa Antropologia começou nos austeros corredores do Museu Nacional, por onde entre vitrines repletas de ossos e de estranhos instrumentos, transitavam os primeiros antropólogos físicos. Outros podem transferir esse começo para a Semana Modernista de 22, onde pontificava a figura genial de Mário de Andrade, dublê de turista amador e pesquisador de campo. Mas eu, como minha colega, Mariza Corrêa, acredito que o nosso primeiro antropólogo foi o médico maranhense, radicado na Bahia, Raymundo Nina Rodrigues. Nesse sentido, é muito oportuno relembrar o papel dos médicos na história de nossa disciplina. Foram eles os fundadores ou incentivadores da Antropologia em diversas regiões do país. Assim, o que pretendo apresentar aos nossos é apenas uma versão da origem formal de nossa disciplina.
“A(r)tivismos” cinematográficos queer of color: as ações de resistência e agência do coletivo Queer Women of Color Media Arts Project
Authors: Ferreira Glauco Batista
Published: March 2022

Ao longo do trabalho são brevemente apontadas algumas das possíveis relações entre estudos vinculados à antropologia da mídia nos Estados Unidos, as críticas feministas pós-coloniais sobre o cinema, a abordagem pós-social e antropológica britânica sobre ‘arte' e seus ‘objetos’, como mediadores de agência e de relações sociais. Neste intento, busca-se descrever também parte da produção cinematográfica do QWOCMAP (Queer Women of Color Media Arts Project) nos Estados Unidos, ressaltando as maneira pelas quais suas/seus produtora/es culturais buscam desenvolver outros modos de representar as “queer women of color” e também valorizar subjetividades. O ensaio analisa e destaca as diferentes possibilidades de um tipo artivismo cinematográfico que visa transformações sociais.
Cinema, Antropologia e a construção de mundos possíveis: o caso dos festivais de cinema da diversidade sexual
Authors: Silva Marcos Aurélio da
Published: March 2022

O artigo pretende uma discussão sobre as relações entre cinema e antropologia, mas a partir do ponto de vista da ficcionalidade ou a possibilidade de construção de mundos possíveis. Antropólogos da últimas décadas têm atentado ao caráter autoral do trabalho etnográfico e sua relação com uma estética da literatura, o que não significou necessariamente tomar a disciplina por uma não ciência. Da mesma forma, cineastas e teóricos do cinema se debatem sobre a possibilidade de se pensar o cinema, independente se ficção ou documentário, enquanto a constituição de uma realidade possível. A partir da pesquisa de campo em festivais de cinema de gênero e da diversidade sexual, em que os sujeitos pesquisados realizam performances de um mundo desejável, busca-se problematizar essa ideia de construção de mundos compartilhada entre cinema e antropologia, apontando enfim para as possibilidades de uma antropologia do cinema e sua etnografia das multissensorialidades.
Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero, Ruralidade, Interioridade e Etnicidade no Brasil: Ausências, Silenciamentos e... Exortações.
Authors: Gontijo Fabiano , Erick Igor
Published: March 2022

No Brasil, no âmbito das Ciências Humanas e, em particular, da Antropologia, apesar da consolidação dos campos de estudos sobre ruralidade, por um lado, e, por outro, sobre gênero e sexualidade, percebe-se que pouco foram tratados, em ambos os campos, os aspectos relacionados à experiência da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas zonas rurais brasileiras. O mesmo se observa em relação aos contextos interioranos, caboclos e ribeirinhos e às situações etnicamente diferenciadas, indígenas e quilombolas, sobretudo na Amazônia, apesar de os estudos sobre etnicidade e sobre povos e comunidades tradicionais terem uma certa (e longa) trajetória no Brasil. Trata-se aqui de propor uma reflexão na área de Antropologia sobre a persistência da (quase) inexistência de pesquisas no Brasil sobre essas temáticas.
POISONING BY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS IN CHILDREN
Authors: SOUZA Maria Cristina Almeida de , FERNANDES Renan Lopes , PINHEIRO Cristina Fidalgo Affonso
Published: March 2022

Children are the main victims of intoxication, considering that, with child development, especially between one and four years of age, they learn to walk and acquire agility, reaching objects and bringing them to the mouth. The objective of this study was to review the literature on exogenous intoxications by chemical products used in households in children in Brazil. Household cleaning products are the second leading cause of poisoning in domestic environments, preceded only by the accidental ingestion of medication. From 2017 to 2021, 128,794 exogenous intoxications resulting from exposure to toxic agents were recorded in the age group from zero to 14 years in Brazil. Among this total of exogenous intoxications, 18,733 reports of poisoning by household products were registered, representing 14.54% of the total of exogenous intoxications. Intoxication records in Brazil increased by up to 23%, from January to April 2021, compared to the same period in 2019. This is because the world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic, in which hygiene products are being commercialized for cleaning and antisepsis of domestic environments, which led to an intensification of accidents caused by these chemical materials. Therefore, it is concluded that the rate of exogenous intoxication by domestic chemical products is high in children, especially in the age group of zero to five years. It is also worth mentioning that with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a greater consumption of chemical products for domestic use and, consequently, an increase in the number of poisonings by these products in children. Therefore, it is evident the need to adopt actions to avoid these accidents to reduce the poisoning rate by these toxic agents.
Selection of Algorithm for Land Use Land Cover Classification and Change Detection
Authors: Arnab Chowdhury  , Prof. Gowdagede Siddaramaiah Dwarakish
Published: March 2022

Land use land cover (LULC) classification is an important research criterion for urban growth modelling. In this study, five different parametric classification algorithms (Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Mahalanobis Distance, Minimum Distance, Spectral Angle Mapper, Spectral Correlation Mapper) are used for the LULC classification of the Barrackpore subdivision of West Bengal state in India. Two different Landsat datasets (Landsat5 and Landsat8) are used for 2005 and 2020. Various algorithms have shown good accuracy for different LULC feature classes. Minimum Distance and Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) has given the highest overall accuracy in 2005 and 2020, respectively. The best classification results are used for the change detection in the LULC classes over fifteen years (2005-2020). The classification result will help to choose a suitable algorithm for a regional level LULC study in further research. The change detection result indicates the need for a good growth pattern in the region.
Investigation on Iranian Translators’ Awareness of Semantic Prosody
Authors: Mirsaeedi Atefesadat , Yazdani Motlagh Negin
Published: March 2022

In recent years, with the advent of technology and increasing international communication, translation became more important than before especially translation of politics, great novels, books, and news .so researchers have to determine challenging issues in translating and communication process in order to have higher quality in translation and communication. One of these challenges is semantic prosody that first introduced by Sinclair (1987) as a special tendency of words to occur in special semantic prosody. This research is based on both qualitative with search analysis design and quantitative by drafting a questioner with 56 participants from the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (khorasgan) branch. As a result, the charts show that despite the importance of knowing semantic prosody there is still a lack of knowledge in semantic prosody among Persian translators. There should be a special dictionary for demonstrating semantic prosody of words and in the translation training, there should be more attention on translation challenges.
Hydrogen Trapping States and Apparent Hydrogen Diffusion in Laser Additively Manufactured Ultra-High Strength AerMet100 Steel as a Function of Secondary Hardening
Authors: Ran Xian-zhe , Liu Dong , Tang Hai-bo , Wang Hua-ming , Scully John R.
Published: March 2022

Microstructures, reversible hydrogen trapping states, and effective hydrogen diffusion coefficients (DH,eff) of laser additively manufactured (LAM) ultra-high-strength AerMet100 steel in tempered conditions were studied by several material characterization methods, to determine diffusible, trapped, and total hydrogen content. With secondary hardening temperatures in the range of 454°C to 566°C, increasing temperature mainly promotes M2C carbide coarsening and film-like reverted austenite thickening in the steel. Reversible hydrogen traps of tempered LAM AerMet100 steel are closely related to the precipitation behavior of highly coherent M2C carbides. The desorption activation energy of the reversible hydrogen traps in the steel is seen to increase from 17.9±0.3 kJ/mol to 21.8±1.3 kJ/mol with temperature increasing from 454°C to 566°C. This correlates with the composition and size change of M2C carbides at a higher tempering temperature. Hydrogen trapping capability of the steel has a peak value at a tempering temperature of 482°C corresponding to the combination of both high amount and medium trapping intensity of these reversible hydrogen traps. This results in the lowest diffusible and highest total hydrogen concentration for precharged H specimens of the steel. In addition, the DH,eff of LAM AerMet100 steel in the overaged condition is not only influenced by the increased thickness of film-like reverted austenite but also simultaneously affected by the altered density of M2C carbides. In comparison with the lowest DH,eff (approximately 2.4 × 10−9 cm2/s) of LAM AerMet100 steel tempered at 482°C, a slightly higher DH,eff of the steel tempered at a higher temperature is achieved by the apparent decrease of reversible hydrogen traps due to a decrease in density of the highly coherent M2C carbides. These findings are important when considering achieving improved hydrogen embrittlement resistance for LAM high Co-Ni secondary hardening ultra-high-strength steel in an over-aged condition at the strength level of interest.
REGISTRO ATRAVÉS DE ARMADILHAMENTO FOTOGRÁFICO PARA PUMA CONCOLOR (LINNAEUS, 1771), NO MUNICÍPIO DE POUSO ALEGRE MG
Authors: José Gonçalves dos santos Alyson , Barros Ana Barbara , Martins Costa Lopes Alexandre
Published: March 2022

Várias espécies têm a capacidade de tolerar a influência do homem, convivendo com essas ações próximas a florestas e áreas rurais. A Onça-parda (Puma concolor) é um mamífero presente na Mata Atlântica, classificado como vulnerável (VU). No Brasil, a espécie ocorre em todo seu território, possuindo ampla distribuição em todos os biomas brasileiros, podendo ocupar plantações de cana-de-açúcar e habitats relacionados à redução da cobertura vegetal; além disso, áreas de florestamento com moderada perturbação também são susceptíveis para esta espécie. Esse estudo tem o intuito de descrever áreas de ocorrência da espécie, através de registros fotográficos e rastros deixados por este felino, no Sul de Minas Gerais. Na área em estudo foram implantados transectos de amostragem lineares e paralelos, com uma distância de 200m. Ao longo de cada transecto foram determinados pontos de amostragem georreferenciados definidos como pontos estratégicos para captura fotográfica dos animais. Foram colocadas 6 armadilhas fotográficas alternadas dentro de cada transecto que eram checadas a cada 30 dias. O primeiro indício da presença da espécie na unidade de conservação (UC) Parque Natural Municipal Professor Afonso Bonillo Fernandes foi a localização de fezes no interior do fragmento. A amostra fecal foi medida e fotografada. O registro fotográfico da espécie Puma concolor ocorreu em um dos pontos localizados dentro da zona de amortecimento da UC, indicando a possibilidade de uso desse recurso como um corredor ecológico, gerando um alerta para possíveis conflitos etnozoológicos, sendo necessária a criação de medidas mitigatórias para tais conflitos.
Food Procurement Methods during the Armenian Genocide as Expressions of “Unarmed Resistance”: Children’s Experiences
Authors: Grigoryan Hasmik
Published: March 2022

The main objective of the article is to discuss whether food procurement methods during the Armenian Genocide could be considered as unarmed resistance. For this purpose, the first part of the article touched upon some scientific questions and the formation of the concept of unarmed resistance in the context of the Holocaust. Such scientific interest was inspired by the fact that though there had been instances of armed resistance during the Armenian Genocide, fights in self-defense, including those with victorious outcomes, as in Van, nonetheless there existed an opinion that the Armenians were to be blamed, to some extent, to have been “slaughtered like sheep,” i.e. without resistance. For that very reason, the purpose of this article was to offer a scholarly assessment of the concept of “resistance” by suggesting its subcategories as subjects for separate research. Indeed, it is impossible to cover all the viewpoints on the problem and all the forms of resistance within one article; however, this article was an attempt to formulate new queries. In the second section of the article, an attempt is made to group food procurement methods during the Armenian Genocide and consider them in the context of the concept of unarmed resistance. Special attention is paid to the experiences of children, trying also to identify the types of activities that the social groups were involved in and the extent of involvement. Food acquisition methods that were part of the daily life during the Armenian Genocide are discussed as expressions of conscious and unconscious struggle against the genocidal policy of condemning people to starvation. The article is based on published memoires and oral histories of the Armenian Genocide survivors.1 Although food procurement methods were diverse, the article offers the most common forms: feeding on wild grass, collecting fruits, berries, and nuts, begging, often referred to by the survivors as life and death struggle.
Bitişik Nizam İmar Adalarında Kümeleme Yöntemine Göre İmar Çapı Belirlenmesi
Authors: TAŞKAYA Selim
Published: March 2022

İmar planlarında birden fazla farklı özellikteki adalardan biri de bitişik yapı özelliğine sahip imar adalarıdır. Bu adalarda bulunan parsellere ilişkin arazi üzerinde yapılacak her işlem kendi özelliğine göre belirlenir. Bitişik yapı nizamlarında özellikle parsel üzerindeki yapı izni için doğru zemin çekmelerini göstermek gerekir. Bitişik nizamlarda özellikle TAKS (Taban Alan Katsayısı) olmayan sadece toplam emsal üzerinden genellikle inşaat yeri verilen nizam tipidir. Çalışmamızda, yönetmelik ve plan notları doğrultusunda matematiksel bir yaklaşımla nasıl zemin alanının doğru çıkarımı yapılacağının incelemesi yapıldı. Yöntem olarak içsel kümeleme tekniği ile çekim mesafeleri gösterildi. Nasıl çeşitli bölgelerde yaklaşık çap verileceği örneklendi.
Mass Calibration at NIST in the Revised SI
Authors: Abbott Patrick J.
Published: March 2022

The unit of mass has been realized by the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) for over 130 years. This will change very soon. The revision of the International System of Units (SI) that will take effect on May 20, 2019 will fundamentally change the way the United States mass scale is realized by NIST at the one kilogram level and below. For example, below 50 mg, very precise measurements of capacitance gradient by the NIST Electrostatic Force Balance (EFB) will extend the lower end of the NIST mass scale to 100 micrograms or less and improve uncertainties by a factor of ten over what they are now, all while eliminating laborious work-downs from one kilogram standards. Between 100 g and one kilogram, the NIST-4 Kibble balance will realize mass from quantum-based electrical and mechanical power measurements. Mass transfer between the vacuum environment of the Kibble balance and the mass metrology performed in laboratory air pressure will be accomplished by a unique-to-NIST magnetic suspension-based mass comparator that will allow a test mass to be directly calibrated against an artifact whose mass has been determined by the Kibble balance. When considered in its entirety, the NIST mass scale under the revised SI will be easier to realize, easier to maintain, and have equal or smaller uncertainties that the mass scale that is traceable to the IPK. This presentation will illustrate how the NIST mass scale at one kilogram and below is constructed using the new instruments described above. An uncertainty budget covering the range from 1 kilogram to 100 micrograms will be given and the techniques that are used for mass dissemination in this range will be described.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO CUIDADO PSICOLÓGICO E EMOCIONAL AOS PACIENTES QUE SOFREM AMPUTAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Godoy Gabriela de , Godoy Mariana de , Souza Nathaly Leske de , Alves Matheus Peres , Souza José Antonio Santos
Published: March 2022

Um fator preocupante durante o processo de reabilitação dos pacientes que sofreram amputação é o aspecto psicológico; nessa fase, é de extrema importância o apoio da família juntamente com a equipe multidisciplinar antes e após a cirurgia, para garantir uma melhor recuperação e aceitação do paciente para com sua nova realidade. Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir as complicações encontradas nos pacientes amputados, além de abordar aspectos psicológicos nesses pacientes e a importância do apoio da família e dos cuidados da equipe multiprofissional frente a um momento tão delicado. A metodologia baseou-se em uma Revisão de Literatura, onde foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas Bases de Dados Google Acadêmico e SciELO, onde utilizou-se os seguintes descritores: “amputação”; “dor fantasma” e “aspectos emocionais”. Diante dos descritores selecionados, foram identificados 45 estudos, que passaram por um processo de triagem onde foram selecionados, de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade, 14 artigos para a realização do presente trabalho. Observou-se que a amputação pode trazer sentimentos de vulnerabilidade, autopercepção de dependência e vivências de estresse que podem levar a transtornos psiquiátricos por exemplo e, por isso deve ser levado com extrema relevância antes e após o procedimento cirúrgico. Portanto, deve-se reafirmar a importância do apoio psicológico e emocional a esses pacientes, a fim de buscar uma melhor reabilitação melhorando assim sua qualidade de vida.
Sensitivity of the Ross Ice Shelf to environmental and glaciological controls
Authors: Baldacchino Francesca , Morlighem Mathieu , Golledge Nicholas R. , Horgan Huw , Malyarenko Alena
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is currently stable but recent observations have indicated that basal melt rates beneath the ice shelf are expected to increase. It is important to know which areas of the RIS are more sensitive to enhanced basal melting as well as other external forcings or internal material properties to understand how climate change will influence RIS mass balance. In this paper, we use Automatic Differentiation and the Ice Sheet and Sea-level System Model to quantify the sensitivity of the RIS to changes in basal friction, ice rigidity, surface mass balance, and basal melting. Using Volume Above Flotation (VAF) as our quantity of interest, we find that the RIS is most sensitive to changes in basal friction and ice rigidity close to grounding lines and along shear margins of the Siple Coast Ice Streams and Transantarctic Mountains Outlet Glaciers. RIS sensitivity to surface mass balance is uniform over grounded ice, while the sensitivity to basal melting is more spatially variable. With changes in basal melting close to the grounding zones of the Siple Coast Ice Streams and Transantarctic Mountains Outlet Glaciers as well as the pinning points of the RIS including Ross Island, Roosevelt Island, Crary Ice Rise, Steershead Ice Rise and the Shirase Coast Ice Rumples and the ice shelf shear margins having a larger impact on the RIS VAF. Our sensitivity maps allow areas of greatest future vulnerability to be identified.
An investigation of mesoscale wind direction changes and their consideration in engineering models
Authors: von Brandis Anna , Centurelli Gabriele , Schmidt Jonas , Vollmer Lukas , Djath Bughsin' , Dörenkämper Martin
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We propose that considering mesoscale wind direction changes in the computation of wind farm cluster wakes could reduce the uncertainty of engineering wake modelling tools. The relevance of mesoscale wind direction changes is investigated using a wind climatology of the German Bight area covering 30 years, derived from the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). Furthermore, we present a new solution for engineering modelling tools that accounts for the effect of such changes on the propagation of cluster wakes. Mesoscale wind direction changes are found to exceed 7° per 100 km in 50 % of all cases and are particularly large in the lower partial load range, which is associated with strong wake formation. Here, the quartiles reach up to 20° per 100 km. Especially on a horizontal scale of several tens to a hundred kilometers, wind direction changes are relevant. Both the temporal and spatial scale at which large wind direction changes occur depend on the presence of pressure systems. Furthermore, atmospheric conditions which promote far-reaching wakes were found to align with a strong turning in 14.6 % of the cases. In order to capture these mesoscale wind direction changes in engineering model tools, a wake propagation model was implemented into the Fraunhofer IWES wind farm and wake modelling software flappy. The propagation model derives streamlines from the horizontal velocity field and forces the single turbine wakes along these streamlines. This model has been qualitatively evaluated by simulating the flow around wind farm clusters in the German Bight with data from the mesoscale atlas of NEWA and comparing the results to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements for selected situations. The comparison reveals that the flow patterns are in good agreement if the underlying mesoscale data capture the velocity field well. For such cases, the new model provides an improvement compared to the baseline approach of engineering models, which assumes a straight-line propagation of wakes. The streamline and the baseline model have been further compared in terms of their quantitative effect on the energy yield. Simulating two neighbouring wind farm clusters over a time period of 10 years, it is found that there are no significant differences across the models when computing the total energy yield of both clusters. However, extracting the wake effect of one cluster on the other, the two models show a difference of about 1 %. Even greater differences are commonly observed when comparing single situations. Therefore, we claim that the model has the potential to reduce uncertainty in applications such as site assessment and short-term power forecasting.
¿Discursos divergentes? Encrucijadas sobre política educativa y globalización. Los casos de Chile y Venezuela
Authors: González Miranda David Osvado
Published: March 2022

Los países latinoamericanos han formado parte de los llamados capitalismos periféricos en el marco de la globalización del sistema-mundo, este posicionamiento ha tenido un fuerte impacto  en el desarrollo del sector educacional, y su respectiva implicancia en el desarrollo nacional, condicionado por mecanismos de exclusión que operan a distintos niveles. En el caso de Chile, esto se ha llevado a cabo a través de mecanismos intrínsecos a las reformas educativas realizadas, coherentes con su discurso neoliberal y que han situado a la educación como una fuente de reproducción de la enorme desigualdad social, tendencia que se ha intentado revertir en la última década a través de políticas públicas orientadas a la regulación del sector. En el caso de Venezuela, su orientación de Estado-Docente con un alto componente ideológico contra-hegemónico, se orienta a un modelo de transformación social bajo un proyecto político “revolucionario” y heterodoxo en relación a las tendencias globales, donde su transformación discursiva y política genera nuevos mecanismos de conflicto social, pese a la existencia de un discurso público educativo de una alta vocación social, que se ve limitada por un aislamiento a distintos niveles. Ambos modelos han sido objeto de cuestionamiento social, debiendo reformular algunos de sus rasgos definitorios durante los años recientes. La interrogante que surge desde el análisis será ¿qué tipo de convergencias es posible identificar en las políticas educativas en dos países que han enfrentado el proceso de globalización económica de forma totalmente distinta?
Resenha: LOTTA, Gabriela (org.). Teoria e análises sobre implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Brasília: ENAP, 2019. 324 p.
Authors: Lemos Alline do Carmo Barbosa
Published: March 2022

Book review
Sessão 16 de novembro de 2021
Authors:   ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA
Published: March 2022

Um simpósio especial para o lançamento do livro Issues in Kidney Disease-Dialysis reuniu os acadêmicos José Suassuna e Miguel Riella, convidados internacionais e José Moura-Neto, médico do Programa de Jovens Lideranças Médicas da Academia Nacional de Medicina.
Sessão 27 de novembro de 2021
Authors:   ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA
Published: March 2022

Em uma parceria com a Anvisa, o evento despertou grande interesse da comunidade científica e de médicos que, na manhã de sábado, 27 de novembro de 2021, participaram da live que contou com a coordenação do acadêmico Oswaldo Moura Brasil.
Sessão 30 de novembro de 2021
Authors:   ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA
Published: March 2022

O médico urologista carioca Francisco Sampaio é eleito presidente da Academia Nacional de Medicina para o biênio 2022- 2023. Sampaio foi eleito membro Titular da Academia Nacional de Medicina em 1999, com apenas 15 anos de formado e já presidiu a instituição no biênio 2015-2017.
GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DALAM MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BACA SISWA DI SDN SARI KALAMPA
Authors: Fatimah Nunung
Published: March 2022

Kemampuan berliterasi merupakan salah satu keterampilan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh Siswa di SDN Sari Kalampa. Gerakan literasi sekolah menjadi sangat penting untuk di maksimalkan dalam mewujudkan minat baca siswa SDN Sari Kalampa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pelaksanaan gerakan literasi sekolah di SDN Sari Kalampa mulai dari perencanaan, Perangkat Pembelajaran, dan Media Pembelajaran, sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dasar siswa melalui gerakan literasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa informasi yang diperoleh dari dokumen tertulis yang terkait langsung dengan pembiasaan, pengembangan dan pembelajaran. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ialah guru bahasa Indonesia, kepala sekolah, dan siswa SDN Sari Kalampa. Hasil penelitian ini Menunjukan bahwa Perencanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah yang dilakukan oleh guru Bahasa Indonesia SDN Sari Kalampa dapat dilihat dari perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan, seperti silabus, media, dan bahan pembelajaran yang digunakan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) telah memenuhi tahapan-tahapan literasi di sekolah, antara lain tahap pembiasaan, tahap pengembangan, dan tahap pembelajaran bagi siswa di SDN Sari Kalampa.