bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suturing the Gaps in Global Health Security: Key Messages from a Panel along the Sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A , Jayaram Anusha , Ammar Adam , Rosseau Gail , Park Kee B.
Published: January 2023

Given the increased demand for anesthesia and surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become clear that surgery is acritical part of health capacity. There is an urgent need to markedly scale up surgical services within health systems strengtheningefforts, particularly in LMIC’s. We organized a panel titled “Surgery: Suturing the Gaps in Global Health Security” within th e larger series“From Pandemic to Progress: Building Capacity Through Global Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia” during the 75th UnitedNations General Assembly (UNGA). The event was co-sponsored by the G4 Alliance and the Program in Global Surgery and SocialChange (PGSSC) at Harvard Medical School. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, the panel, along with the remainder of the UNGA this year,was virtually, greatly increasing the attendance of physicians, trainees, and policymakers worldwide. Additionally, the panel wasrecorded and made freely accessible online to allow for viewing by individuals after the session. The panelists highlighted three keythemes. Affordable and timely surgical care is critical for global health equity and investing in surgical capacity strengthe ns pandemicreadiness. Key stakeholders such as international and nongovernmental health organizations, philanthropic funders, and particularlynational and local governments must be engaged in order to promote cross-sector support. The economic impact of investing insurgical care must be emphasized. Future initiatives will build on these themes in order to improve health care access and security.
Neurosurgery in Egypt from ancient Egyptians to Modern Neurosurgery, African Perspective
Authors: El-Fiki Mohamed , F. El-Ghandour Nasser M. , El Hakim Adel
Published: January 2023

Neurosurgery has been practiced for more than 12,000 years worldwide. Cranial and transnasal approaches to the brain have beenpracticed for variable religious, mystical, or therapeutic purposes in ancient civilizations of Africa and specifically in Egypt (1). AncientEgyptian medicine is documented in the paintings on the walls of temples and numerous papyri (figure 1) (2-4).Ancient Egyptian medicine dates to 3500 BC when Athotis (Hor-Aha), the second king of the first dynasty, was found to have in his tombthe first “Book of the Dead” that was later quoted with modifications till it reached “Practical Medicine and Anatomic Book” in Ani’spapyrus (5, 6).
The Concept and Current State of Neurosurgery in Southeast Europe
Authors: Rasulić Lukas
Published: January 2023

The term "Southeast Europe" was introduced by Austrian researcher Johann Georg von Hahn in the 19th century as a broader termthan the traditional "Balkans," designating the region settled by several different nations, mostly alike, but also richly diverse. The mostappropriate definition describes the inhabitants as the people geographically, demographically, and culture related to SoutheasternEurope (1).Contemporary neurosurgery in the Southeast Europe region has recently witnessed remarkable progress, guided by the "Think globally,act locally" concept as an essential driving force. This slogan has long been in use in environmental contexts and has been gainingincreased significance in various disciplines over the past decades. In international education, this slogan was first introduced in 1950and popularized by Stuart Grauer in 1989 (2). Neurosurgeons in Southeast Europe genuinely implement the concept of thinking globallyand acting locally, working together to expand the horizons to the benefit of our patients and our well-being and recognition in themodern world. This mini review aims to highlight the development and progress of the Southeast Europe neurosurgical society (SeENS)as a regional neurosurgical society dedicated to neurosurgical education, research, capacity building, and exchanging experienceswithin the Southeast region of Europe.
Africa100
Authors: Samii Madjid
Published: January 2023

Neurosurgery made a fascinating advancement in the last century. Its, historical development, however, was somewhat slower thanthat of other surgical specialties due to the complexity of the central nervous system. Initial attempts to treat brain disease surgicallyhave been related to high morbidity and mortality. Only the better understanding of brain structure and function localization and theintroduction of antisepsis, anesthesia, and hemostasis at the end of the 19th century led to increased interest and rapid advancementin the field. The other line of development of neurosurgery was to distribute the acquired knowledge and make this highly specializedcare available to all patients around the world.
Pediatric Neurosurgery In Pakistan: Current Status And A Call-To-Action For Inclusion In The National Surgical Plan
Authors: Akhtar Samaa , Iqbal Javaid
Published: January 2023

The pediatric population in Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to premature morbidity and mortality due to unaddressed neurosurgical conditions. Approximately 7 per 1000 children in Pakistan suffer from epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and central nervous system infections. Paired with a scarcity of skilled pediatric neurosurgeons, resources, and infrastructure, the ramifications are dire. Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are one of the leading causes of death in children under 3 years of age. 76% of which are avertible with timely surgical access. The National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Plan (NSOAP) provides a framework to facilitate access to surgical treatment and to improve surgical system resilience. This paper presents a commentary on the status of pediatric neurosurgery in Pakistan and a seminal framework for policy reform for its inclusion in the NSOAP.
The Importance of Medical Student Advocacy in Global Neurosurgery: The Example of Folate Fortification
Authors: Maleknia Pedram , Dongmo Takoutsing Berjo , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Park Jey , Dalle David Ulrich , Ibe Chidiebere Sunday , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Rosseau Gail , Blount Jeffrey P. , Zimmerman Kathrin , Shlobin Nathan A
Published: January 2023

Folic acid, also known as Vitamin B9, is a water soluble vitamin used by pregnant women to reduce the risk of spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA) in their children.1 Neurosurgeons are experts in diagnosing, assessing, and surgically treating NTDs. Pediatric neurosurgeons  recognize that their  role spans beyond these aspects, to include advocacy for children with neurosurgical conditions.2 Neurosurgeons are well positioned to engage in advocacy related to pediatric neurosurgery, given their expertise in the field, the importance of primary prevention, and substantial social and professional networks that allow them to collaborate with individuals in other fields and take leadership roles.3,4

 

Despite clear evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of increasing folic acid intake in women of childbearing age, the formulation and adoption of effective policy has been challenging. Currently, only 23% of all folate-preventable cases of spina bifida and anencephaly are being prevented.5Although mandatory food fortification with folic acid is associated with markedly reduced birth prevalence of SBA, hospitalization rates, and deaths after discharge, only 56 countries have instituted mandatory folate fortification.3,5 The efficacy of folate supplementation is variable, dependent on patient knowledge and adherence.3 Greater well-coordinated advocacy efforts are necessary to facilitate the implementation of effective folate policy.
MUSICOTERAPIA, GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE
Authors: Junio Ribeiro Wagner , Gonçalves Pedrosa Frederico , Rosário Magalhães Verônica
Published: January 2023

Embora se perceba uma crescente consciência dos aspectos contextuais e políticos da musicoterapia, as discussões sobre sexualidades e gênero não-heterossexuais permanecem à margem. Esta pesquisa fez uma Revisão Integrativa da literatura sobre o tema de maneira a 1) indicar as possíveis limitações impostas pela matriz heteronormativa nos atendimentos em musicoterapia; 2) discutir se é possível uma prática mais afirmativa no atendimento a pessoas LGBTQ+ em musicoterapia e 3) sugerir como essa prática poderia se estender para além de questões de gênero e sexualidades. Diante disso, verificou-se que as maiores implicações relacionadas às pessoas LGBTQ+ na musicoterapia, são provenientes da replicação das estruturas opressivas, excludentes, seja dentro ou fora do setting musicoterapêutico e que a ideia de uma ação anti-opressiva é a abordagem que direciona melhores práticas para esta população. Concluímos a necessidade que as diversidades de gênero e sexualidade, bem como as relações interseccionais, sejam por mais vezes pautadas nas produções literárias e que estas abordagens possam ser implementadas na formação de profissionais musicoterapêutas, a fim de promover uma formação anti-opressiva, inclusiva e orientada para a justiça social.
ODNOSI MED SPLETNIM TRŽENJEM OD UST DO UST, OGLAŠEVANJEM IN DIMENZIJAMI PREMOŽENJA BLAGOVNE ZNAMKE
Authors: Konečnik Ruzzier Maja , Petek Nuša , Bavdaž Mojca
Published: January 2023

Trženjsko-komunikacijska orodja v interak-tivnem okolju niso več pod polnim nadzorom tržni-kov, zato je pomembno poznati njihov vpliv na proces ustvarjanja premoženja blagovne znamke. V članku pod drobnogled vzamemo vpliv spletnega trženja od ust do ust in televizijskega oglaševanja na posamezne dimenzije premoženja blagovne znamke v očeh porab-nikov in ga preverjamo na vzorcu slovenskih porab-nikov. Raziskava potrjuje pomembno vlogo obeh vrst orodij, a tudi opozarja na previdnost pri naslavljanju posameznih dimenzij premoženja blagovne znamke. Rezultati pritrjujejo nadgradnji tradicionalnih trženj-sko-komunikacijskih orodij z interaktivnimi orodji, ki običajno vključujejo porabnike in jih spodbujajo k soustvarjanju blagovne znamke, vendar ne na račun zanemarjanja tradicionalnega oglaševanja. Ključni pojmi: trženjsko komuniciranje, spletno trženje od ust do ust, televizijsko oglaševanje, premoženje bla-govne znamke v očeh porabnikov
LITERATURA KUGE V PANDEMIČNI DOBI: HOMERJEVA ILIADA, BOCCACCIEV DEKAMERON, CAMUSEVA KUGA
Authors: Komel Mirt
Published: January 2023

Članek obravnava motiv »kuge« v izbra-nih literarnih besedilih: kuga v grškem taboru iz prvega speva Homerjeve Iliade; uvodni nagovor iz Boccaccievega Dekamerona; in Camusev roman Kuga. Posebna pozornost velja vzrokom za kugo in sredstvom za njeno odpravo, ki se seveda spreminjajo tako glede na literarna izrazna sredstva (poezija, proza, roman) kot tudi glede na zgodovinski kontekst (antični polite-izem, srednjeveški monoteizem, moderni ateizem). Na koncu je na tej podlagi podan poskus interpretacije sodobne globalne pandemije.Ključni pojmi: Homer, Iliada, Boccaccio, Dekameron, Camus, Kuga
Estimating Methane Emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019
Authors: Wittig Sophie , Berchet Antoine , Pison Isabelle , Saunois Marielle , Thanwerdas Joël , Martinez Adrien , Paris Jean-Daniel , Machida Tochinobu , Sasakawa Motoki , Worthy Douglas E. J. , Lan Xin , Thompson Rona L. , Sollum Espen , Arshinov Michael
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Arctic is a critical region in terms of global warming. Environmental changes are already progressing steadily in high northern latitudes whereby, among other effects, a high potential of enhanced methane (CH4) emissions is induced. With CH4 being a potent greenhouse gas, additional emissions from Arctic regions may intensify global warming in the future by positive feedback. Various natural and anthropogenic sources are currently contributing to the Arctic’s CH4 budget; however the quantification of those emissions remains challenging. Assessing the amount of CH4 emissions in the Arctic and their contribution to the global budget still remains challenging. This is on the one hand due to the difficulties in carrying out accurate measurements in such remote areas. Besides, high variations in the spatial distribution of methane sources and a poor understanding of the effects of ongoing changes in carbon decomposition, vegetation and hydrology also complicate the assessment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to reduce uncertainties on current bottom-up estimates of CH4 emissions as well as soil oxidation by implementing an inverse modeling approach in order to better quantify CH4 sources and sinks for the most recent years (2008 to 2019). More precisely, the objective is to detect occurring trends in the CH4 emissions and potential changes in seasonal emission patterns. The implementation of the inversion included footprint simulations obtained with the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART, various emission estimates from inventories and land surface models as well as data of atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 42 surface observation sites in the Arctic nations. The results of the inversion showed that the majority of the CH4 sources currently present in high northern latitudes are poorly constrained by the existing observation network. Therefore, conclusions on trends and changes in the seasonal cycle could not be obtained for the corresponding CH4 sectors. Only CH4 fluxes from wetlands are adequately constrained, predominantly in North America. Within the period under study, wetland emissions show a slight negative trend in North America and a slight positive trend in East Eurasia. Overall, the estimated CH4 emissions are lower compared to the bottom-up estimates but higher than similar results from global inversions.
HMAGLOFDB v1.0 – a comprehensive and version controlled database of glacier lake outburst floods in high mountain Asia
Authors: Shrestha Finu , Steiner Jakob F. , Shrestha Reeju , Dhungel Yathartha , Joshi Sharad P. , Inglis Sam , Ashraf Arshad , Wali Sher , Walizada Khwaja M. , Zhang Taigang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have been intensely investigated in High Mountain Asia (HMA) in recent years and are the most well-known hazard associated with the cryosphere. As glaciers recede and surrounding slopes become increasingly unstable, such events are expected to increase, although current evidence for an increase in events is ambiguous. Many studies have investigated individual events and while several regional inventories exist, they either do not cover all types of GLOF or are geographically constrained. Further, downstream impacts are rarely discussed. Previous inventories have relied on academic sources and have not been combined with existing inventories of glaciers and lakes. In this study, we present the first comprehensive inventory of GLOFs in HMA, including details on the time of their occurrence, processes of lake formation and drainage involved as well as downstream impacts. We document 682 individual GLOFs that occurred between 1833 and 2022. Of these, 20 % were recurring events from just three ephemeral ice-dammed lakes. In combination, the documented events resulted in 6907 fatalities, with 6000 of these linked to a single GLOF, three times higher than a previous assessment for the region. The integration of previous inventories of glaciers and lakes within this database will inform future assessments of potential drivers of GLOFs, allowing more robust projections to be developed. The database and future, updated versions, are traceable, version controlled and can be directly incorporated into further analysis.
Regional significance of historical trends and step changes in Australian streamflow
Authors: Amirthanathan Gnanathikkam Emmanuel , Bari Mohammed Abdul , Woldemeskel Fitsum Markos , Tuteja Narendra Kumar , Feikema Paul Martinus
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Hydrologic Reference Stations is a network of 467 high-quality streamflow gauging stations across Australia that is developed and maintained by the Bureau of Meteorology as part of an ongoing responsibility under the Water Act 2007. The main objectives of the service are to observe and detect climate-driven changes in observed streamflow and to provide a quality-controlled dataset for research. We investigate trends and step changes in streamflow across Australia in data from all 467 streamflow gauging stations. Data from 30 to 69 years in duration ending in February 2019 were examined. We analysed data in terms of water-year totals and for the four seasons. The commencement of the water year varies across the country – mainly from February–March in the south to September–October in the north. We summarized our findings for each of the 12 drainage divisions defined by Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (Geofabric) and for continental Australia as a whole. We used statistical tests to detect and analyse linear and step changes in seasonal and annual streamflow. Monotonic trends were detected using modified Mann–Kendall (MK) tests, including a variance correction approach (MK3), a block bootstrap approach (MK3bs) and a long-term persistence approach (MK4). A nonparametric Pettitt test was used for step-change detection and identification. The regional significance of these changes at the drainage division scale was analysed and synthesized using a Walker test. The Murray–Darling Basin, home to Australia's largest river system, showed statistically significant decreasing trends for the region with respect to the annual total and all four seasons. Drainage divisions in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania showed significant annual and seasonal decreasing trends. Similar results were found in south-western Western Australia, South Australia and north-eastern Queensland. There was no significant spatial pattern observed in central nor mid-west Western Australia, with one possible explanation for this being the sparse density of streamflow stations and/or the length of the datasets available. Only the Tanami–Timor Sea Coast drainage division in northern Australia showed increasing trends and step changes in annual and seasonal streamflow that were regionally significant. Most of the step changes occurred during 1970–1999. In the south-eastern part of Australia, the majority of the step changes occurred in the 1990s, before the onset of the “Millennium Drought”. Long-term monotonic trends in observed streamflow and its regional significance are consistent with observed changes in climate experienced across Australia. The findings of this study will assist water managers with long-term infrastructure planning and management of water resources under climate variability and change across Australia.
Credit risk and profitability of short-term deposit at Savings and Credit Cooperatives. The case of Peru
Authors: P. M. Virgilio Gianluca , Más Caro Nixon Luis , Minga Sarmiento Rolando Nolverthy , Dávila Rivera Jhanely , Reátegui Díaz Ítalo
Published: January 2023

En tiempos de tasas de interés históricamente bajas, las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito parecen prometer tasas altas con un riesgo crediticio comparativamente bajo. Perú es uno de los países más desarrollados de América Latina en lo que respecta al sector cooperativo y uno atractivo, ya que se espera que esas instituciones paguen tarifas muy superiores a las del mercado. El valor de este documento es evaluar si las tasas de retorno están justificadas por un riesgo crediticio proporcionalmente alto, o de otra manera. Esta investigación describe las características del mercado de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito peruano y destaca las herramientas de salvaguarda utilizadas para garantizar a sus asociados del riesgo crediticio. El documento utiliza datos oficiales 2007-2018 para las 143 cooperativas peruanas por la autoridad financiera y aplica varias metodologías ampliamente aceptadas por académicos y profesionales para evaluar el riesgo crediticio de todo el sector, a saber, una producción de razones financieras, análisis de los estados financieros, Beaver’s modelo, modelo Bathory, Z-Score, análisis Springate, análisis Logit y modelo H-Factor. Encuentra que el riesgo en la industria se compara favorablemente con los retornos, lo que resalta la existencia de una anomalía en el mercado. De hecho, las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito peruanas ofrecen tasas de interés pasivas de hasta dos dígitos a los depositantes, mientras que el riesgo correspondiente se ha calculado en este documento como comparablemente bajo. Las cooperativas no presentan riesgo de quiebra bajo ninguna de las herramientas utilizadas para la realización del análisis.
Immunological profile of diabetic foot ulcers: update review
Authors: Ali Jassim Marwa Mohammed
Published: January 2023

The most frequent consequence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcers frequently do not heal and necessitate lower limb amputation. According to estimates, DFU accounts for 50% to 70% of all lower limb amputations, and 50% of patients with DFU have peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is occasionally brought on by atherosclerosis. Deformity of foot, peripheral artery disease (PAD), loss protective sensation (LOPS), and a history of foot ulcers. Global prevalence for DFUs varies by region. One of the frequent complications of diabetes in poor nations, such as Iraq, is diabetic foot; approximately two-thirds of the patients with diabetes have Diabetic Foot disorder (DFD) in Iraq and this health issue had significant negative social and economic effects. The Saudi Arabia and Bahrain have the highest prevalence rates of DFU; the reported yearly incidence of diabetic foot ulcers ranges from "2.1% to 7.4%". There are three types of diabetic foot ulcers: neuropathic, neuroischaemic, and ischemic. An infected DFU often contains three to five different types of bacteria, including gram-positive aerobes, such as "Staphylococcus sp.", gram-positive anaerobes, gram negative aerobes, gram negative anaerobes, and fungi (Candida spp.). Numerous studies have demonstrated that effective management of DFU can significantly decrease, postpone, or even completely avoid consequences like infection, gangrene, amputation, and death.
Evaluation of Hexokinase 2 and Serum LDH in B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Rajvik Kruti , Parmar Pooja , Bhrambahtt Beena
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective: Tumor cells produce energy by glycolysis and Lactate Dehydrogenase and Hexokinase are the key part of glycolysis, The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of Hexokinase 2 and serum LDH in B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients
Method: A total of 84 B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients were enrolled in the study. HK-2 Marker was studied by Immunohistochemistry and LDH analysis was done by Cobas 6000 analyser method and correlated with Clinico-Pathological Parameters and Diagnostic panel.
RESULT:73% of B-cell NHL patients had Abnormal LDH. It was significantly correlated with Multiple Disease site (P=0.002). In correlation with Diagnostic Panel (MIb1, CD10, CD2, MUM1, BCL6, BCL2) a higher trend of Abnormal LDH was seen in BCL-6 positive and BCL-2 negative Patients. 64% of patients had HK-2 expression. In correlation with Clinical parameters, it was significantly correlated with >50 age group, while in correlation with pathological parameters A significant correlation observed with single disease site as compared to multiple disease site (P=0.004), In correlation with Diagnostic panel A higher trend of HK-2 Expression was observed in CD10 Negative and BCL-2 Negative Patients. Further Univariate survival analysis of LDH and HK-2 showed similar Overall survival in Abnormal and normal LDH level patients and HK-2 Positive and negative Patients respectively. Further Intercorrelation of both markers, showed almost similar expression of HK-2 between patients with normal LDH level and abnormal LDH level.
CONCLUSION: Abnormal LDH level was closely associated with patients having disease at multiple sites, suggesting its activity to be associated with the advancement of the disease, HK-2 positivity was related with older age group, strengthens the findings of increased altered metabolic activity with older age, They are also associated with BCL-2 negativity that indicates that anti-apoptotic activity of BCL-2 might be responsible for that Though there was no significant correlation of LDH,, HK-2 with overall survival, majority of the patients who were dead had abnormal LDH and half of them showed positive HK-2 expression
Briefly our data indicates that LDH and HK-2 can be useful parameter in defining clinical and prognostic aspects in NHL patient but needs further evaluation with larger groups of patients

Keywords: NHL, Altered metabolism, Hexokinase, LDH
Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Learning Achievement in Junior High School Students in Denpasar
Authors: Maha Putra I Putu Eka Dharma , Indrasari Utami Desak Ketut , Sri Laksemi Dewa Ayu Agus
Published: January 2023

Background: Learning is defined as a process of continuous development in various aspects of a person. Although various literatures have examined the relationship between sleep quality and learning activities, there are still few studies that discuss the relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement in students. Therefore, the authors want to determine the relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement achieved by junior high school students in Denpasar.
Method: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was done by cluster sampling technique. Sleep quality data was taken using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire while learning achievement data was obtained from students' even semester report cards.
Result: The study was conducted on 58 samples of junior high school students in Denpasar City with a median age of 14 years. This study found that the number of samples with good sleep quality was 36 people (62.1%). Among those with good sleep quality, 11 people (30.6%) had very good learning achievement, 25 people (69.4%) with good learning achievement, and there were no subjects with fair or poor learning achievement. The number of students with poor sleep quality was 22 people (37.9%). Among those with poor sleep quality, there were 6 people (27.3%) with very good learning achievement, 16 people (72.7%) with good learning achievement, and there were no samples with fair or poor learning achievement. The bivariate analysis was performed using Fisher Exact test. There is no significant relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement with p value >0,05.
Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement in junior high school students in Denpasar.

Keywords: [Sleep Quality, Learning Achievement, Junior High School in Denpasar]
A Clinical-Based Study to Evaluate the Extent of Microbial Sensitivity Tests Performed Among ICU Patients Prescribed with Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: K Chandur Viresh , KV Marzooka , CR Meghana
Published: January 2023

Antibiotic resistance is recognized as a global threat to human health. ICUs are generally considered as the main source of outbreaks of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Infectious complications are one of the dominant causes of morbidity and mortality among elderly and geriatric patients, especially in the ICU. The impact of microbial resistance on them is more due to immune senescence. This can be overcome by strengthening antibiotic resistance monitoring and surveillance systems. Antibacterial sensitivity analysis prior to antibiotic therapy is one of the tools in practicing rationality of antibiotic use as it helps to choose the most effective antibiotic. This study evaluates the extent of microbial sensitivity tests performed among ICU patients prescribed with antibiotics. A prospective observational study was conducted on a total of 60 ICU patients at Srinivas Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Mangalore, for a period of six months. ICU patients diagnosed with infectious diseases and prescribed with antibiotics are included in the study. Data were collected using an antimicrobial stewardship form and were analyzed using MS Excel 2016. Majority of the 60 people involved in the study were adults (36-65 yrs old) and geriatrics (65 yrs and older). Sensitivity test of pathogen toward various antibiotics were performed among 68.33% (N=41) of the patients, where most of the patients were Geriatrics(25%) and Adults(38.3%). Although the sensitivity test was performed on the majority of the patients in the study, it is critical to follow this test with antimicrobial therapy in each patient. It is important to evaluate the sensitivity of pathogen before therapy and at ongoing times of therapy which avoids complications due to resistance issues by enabling the selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment and helps in overall clinical management.

Keywords: Resistance, Sensitivity, Antibiotic, Geriatrics, ICU.
Increasing Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability Through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)
Authors: Widodo Suryo , Santia Ika , Katminingsih Yuni
Published: January 2023

This study aims to 1) analyze the improvement of mathematical problem-solving skills with realistic-based learning (Realistic Mathematics Education RME) as a whole and 2) analyze the improvement of mathematical problem-solving skills with realistic-based learning (Realistic Mathematics Education RME) based on education level. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research method is a meta-analysis with a sample of 20 national journal articles. The data analysis technique used Cohen's d effect size. Sampling consisted of four levels, namely Elementary School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), Senior High School (SMA), and tertiary institutions. The results of the meta-analysis show that increasing mathematical problem-solving skills through realistic-based learning (Realistic Mathematics Education RME) has an Effect Size at the Elementary School (SD) level = 0.90 (high effect), at the Junior High School (SMP) level = 0 .63 (medium effect), at the high school level (SMA) = 0.23 (small effect). At the university level, it is 0.38 (small effect). Between the education levels of Elementary School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), High School (SMA), and College, the average value of Effect Size = 0.67 (moderate effect).

Keywords: Meta-analysis, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), Mathematical problem-solving ability
Macro and Micromorphological Characterization of Cordia Dichotoma Forst f. Stem Bark
Authors: Negi Kiran , Javed Ghazala
Published: January 2023

Cordia dichotoma Forst.f syn C. obliqua Willd; C. myxa Roxb belonging to the family Boraginaceae is a medium sized evergreen tree widely distributed throughout the warmer parts of India. It is commonly called lasora or sapistan and serves as a promising cure against the diseases of kidney, liver, spleen, heart and blood. The powdered bark is applied to the skin in cases of broken bones before a plaster was applied, to improve healing. Bark powder is used externally in the treatment of skin diseases. Bark juice together with coconut oil is reported to treat colic. Present paper is an attempt to investigate the anatomical and morphological features of Cordia stem bark from the wild source so as to evaluate its micro structural characteristics. The study illustrates a set of diagnostic characters that can be considered as a first step in ensuring the identity and the degree of purity in the marketed sample of the drug.

Keywords: Cordia Dichotoma Forst f. Stem Bark, Macro and Micromorphological Characterization, Unani Medicine
PENDAMPINGAN PENERAPAN METODE FAMI BISYAUQIN UNTUK MEMPERKUAT HAFALAN PADA SANTRI TAHFIDZ DI PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI AL-FATHIMIYYAH
Authors: Erwanto Dian , Ainak Bintan , Najah Faiqotun , Zahrotus Shiyami Miftahu Alfi , Nisa Zakiyatun
Published: January 2023

Metode Fami Bisyauqin dilakukan agar seseorang sering berinteraksi dengan Al-Qur’an. Metode Fami Bisyauqin mempermudah seseorang dekat dengan Al-Qur’an. Dalam pelaksanaan metode Fami Bisyauqin bermula dari seorang pendamping yang mampu menjadikan suasana khataman menyenangkan. Metode Fami Bisyauqin memiliki tujuan sebagai berikut: 1. Tujuan  program ini untuk mengetahui penerapan metode Fami Bisyauqin dalam mengkhatamkan Al-Qur’an 2. Sebagai metode dalam meningkatkan kualitas hafalan yang sudah didapatkan 3. Sebagai motivator memperkuat hafalan Al-Qur’an. Khalayak sasaran kegiatan penerapan metode Fami Bisyauqin ini adalah santri-santri tahfidz di Pondok Pesantren Putri Al-Fathimiyyah. Metode pendekatan untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini meliputi metode klasikal. Metode pendekatan digunakan pada suatu kegiatan agar bisa membiasakan membaca Al-Qur’an dan memudahkan membaca secara tartil. Hasil respon kepuasan penerapan metode ini menunjukkan bahwa para santri menilai sangat bermanfaat.
PROBLEMATIKA PERKAWINAN TIDAK TERCATAT (NIKAH SIRI) DAN SOLUSI HUKUMNYA
Authors: Mardani Mardani , Manullang Sardjana Orba , Kusumadewi Yessy
Published: January 2023

This study aims to comprehensively describe the problems of unregistered marriages (sirri marriages) and their legal solutions. This study is a literature study that explains in detail the issues of unregistered marriages (sirri marriages) and their legal solutions. The data collection technique used in this research is the documentation technique. While the analysis technique used in this research is descriptive. After conducting in-depth research, an important conclusion was found that unregistered or unregistered marriages are events that still occur in society in the modern era as it is today. There are many factors that cause people not to register/register their marriage to the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), including because they think that marriage is a personal matter so that the state does not need to interfere, they are worried that their pension money will be lost when registering their marriage, the marriage is carried out in minors, due to pregnancy out of wedlock. Unregistered marriages have negative impacts, including; The marriage does not have legal power and certainty, so it is difficult to claim his rights in the event of a divorce, and difficult in matters related to state administration, such as making a marriage certificate and others. Meanwhile, the positive impact is that a registered marriage can provide protection to the family and legal certainty. The role of the government to resolve cases of unregistered marriages is to carry out marriage istbat in an integrated and programmed manner for free.
ANALISIS KONSEP TENTANG WANITA AMINA WADUD
Authors: Unsi Baiq Tuhfatul
Published: January 2023

Amina Wadud is a Muslim woman who is also a feminist. Her work on women in the Qur'an is set within a historical framework relating to the struggle of African-American women for gender equality. Amina Wadud's research aims to establish specific criteria to analyze the extent to which women's position in Muslim culture accurately reflects the meaning of Islam for women in life in society. Furthermore, the specific objective is to reveal the ability to adapt the worldview of the Qur'an to issues and the world of women according to the modern context.

Amina Wadud uses the tauhid interpretation method in interpreting the Qur'an. The approach to reading tauhid as a hermeneutics in which each verse is evaluated in this study: 1) viewed from the context; 2) in the context of the discussion of the Qur'an on the same topic; 3) from the language as well as using the same grammatical structure used elsewhere in the Qur'an; 4) from the principles of the Qur'an which reject it; 5) from the context of the Weltanschauung of the Qur'an, or its world view.

Amina Wadud argues, "gender equality does not mean the same". He admits that men and women have significant differences. According to him, "equality means that men and women have the same rights and obligations in terms of religious ethics, and have the same responsibilities in terms of social functions".
Metodologia para uma leitura popular feminista da Bíblia
Authors: Budallés Diez Mercedes de
Published: January 2023

O presente texto busca tecer elementos que possam capacitar as pessoas para uma leitura e reflexão crítica-construtiva dos textos sagrados, a partir de uma visão feminista de alguns textos bíblicos. Trata-se de intencionalmente fazer uma leitura feminista-política, porque procura-se novas respostas visando novas relações de gênero, raça, classe, geração e religião. Ainda persiste na sociedade a invisibilidade das mulheres, ou seja, somos as que não contamos! A leitura da Bíblia, no entanto, fundamenta que somos mulheres e homens filhas e filhos de Deus com os mesmos direitos e deveres. Com esta leitura da Bíblia, como cristãs, assumimos: frente à exclusão, queremos proximidade; frente ao mercado total, à globalização, optamos pela gratuidade; frente à corrupção, nosso compromisso é a ética. Em tonalidade testemunhal/experiencial buscamos refletir sobre o método da leitura popular feminista libertadora, com objetivo de fortalecer e construir uma sociedade de iguais como deseja o “Deus conosco”.
Implementation Of Serving The Preaching Of The Word Based On II Timothy 4:1-5 For Students Of Semester I And III At Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Kadesi Yogyakarta
Authors: Sandra Sandra , Purwoko Paulus Sentot , Parulian Tamba
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine how effective the application of serving the preaching of the word based on II Timothy 4:1-5 is for Semester I and III students at Yogyakarta KADESI Theological College of Yogyakarta during the Academic Year 2020/2021. This research approach combines quantitative research methods with survey methods, with Likert scale analysis used during the data collection step. The hypothesis is tested in the testing phase, which employs various test stages that are carried out using SPSS 25 on a sample of 20 persons. The results of hypothesis testing are the contribution of Serving the Preaching of the Word (D1) with the Implementation of the Call to Serve Based on II Timothy 4:1-8 for Semester I and III Students at the Yogyakarta KADESI Theological College of the Academic Year 2020/2021 (Y) the regression equation Y= b +b1D1, Y = 14.418+ 3.873D1 with a calculated F coefficient of 97.223 and a P-value of 0.000. These results indicate that the regression equation is very significant or very meaningful. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination of variance (r2x1) is 0.844, which means that Serving the Preaching of the Word (D1) contributes to the implementation of the Call to Serve Based on II Timothy 4:1-8 for Semester I and III Students at the Yogyakarta KADESI Theological College, Academic Year 2020/2021 (Y) of 84.4%.
Традиционные семейные ценности и суррогатное материнство: неразрешимые проблемы совместного сосуществования
Authors: Белова Светлана Николаевна , Строгович Юрий Николаевич , Аристархов Олег Александрович
Published: January 2023

Рассмотрены проблемные вопросы соотношения морально-этических норм, скрепляющих традиционные для России семейные ценности, и некоторых правовых норм, регулирующих семейные отношения. Целью исследования является обоснование необходимости запрета на использование суррогатного материнства в Российской Федерации. Вывод: семейные отношения – это особая сфера правоотношений, в основе которых должны лежать морально-этические начала. Закрепление в Конституции РФ положения о том, что Россия сохраняет память предков и чтит те нравственные идеалы, которые они нам передали, а также принятие новой Стратегии национальной безопасности требуют пересмотра действующего законодательства в части применения технологий суррогатного материнства и поэтапного запрета на суррогатное материнство как не только противоречащего исконно присущим нашему народу морально-нравственным ценностям, но и не согласующегося с поправками в Конституцию РФ и принятой Стратегией национальной безопасности Российской Федерации.
Юридическое понятие семьи в нормативном регулировании социального обеспечения военнослужащих в 1920–1940-е годы
Authors: Володина Ольга Владимировна , Елена Сергеевна Акименко , Стоноженко Константин Александрович
Published: January 2023

Юридическая формулировка понятия «семья» традиционно представляла сложность для отечественного семейного права. В СССР, начиная с 1920-х годов, юридическое понятие семьи трансформировалось параллельно с развитием общественных, экономических и социальных отношений в рамках как семейно-правовой доктрины, так и военного права. При этом в контексте социального обеспечения военнослужащих понятие «семья» выработано так и не было. В связи с недостаточной изученностью данного вопроса авторами поставлена цель обосновать подход советского законодателя к вопросу правовой регламентации семейных отношений. Исследование показало, что в 1927–1944 годах приравнивание фактических брачных отношений военнослужащих к регистрированным бракам было обусловлено потребностью в регламентации социального обеспечения семей военнослужащих. В то же время преобладавший в 1920-е годы социально-трудовой характер определения семьи вступил в противоречие с содержанием нормативных актов, лежавших в основе социального обеспечения и льгот военнослужащих, с интересами бюджета, а также с официальной идеологией и моральными нормами советского общества. Сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на отсутствие легального определения «семья» и существование неопределенности её статуса, социальное обеспечение военнослужащих в рассматриваемый период находилось в поле правовой регламентации законодателя.
EVALUASI POLA TERAPI PENGOBATAN PENYAKIT-PENYAKIT PENYERTA (KOMORBID) PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN
Authors: Gultom Roby
Published: January 2023

Comorbid diseases can be found in HIV/AIDS pateients. Comorbid are comorbid diseases that are not related to the diagnosis of the main disease or the patients condition.  The purpose of this study was todetermine the pattern of therapy comorbid diseases (comorbid) in HIV/AIDS patients in the inpatient room at Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan.  The sample of this study amounted to 34 people.  This type of research is a descriptive observation study where the date are taken retrospectively and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The result showed that majority of patients in Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan is men as many 27 people (79,4%).  The most common comorbid diseases foun in HIV/AIDS patients is hyponatremiaas many 20 people (25%), hypokalemia as many 12 people (15%), and dyspepsia as many as 9 people (11,25%). The most common comorbid treatment patterns given to HIV/AIDS patients are antibiotic abd analgesic. Where the antibiotic is ceftriaxone (52.9%) and the analgesic is ketorolac (61.8%), In addition, there is the provision of diarrhea medicine using Diaform (55.9%), Stomach medicine using Antacids (52.9%), suplements using Channa (44,1%) and  sedatives using Alprazolam (52.9%). In addition to treatment therapy, HIV/AIDS patients also recived blood transfusion as many as 5 people.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK (GGK) DI UNIT HEMODIALISA RSU IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN
Authors: Auliafendri Novycha , Khairiati Rama
Published: January 2023

Chronic kidney failure (CKD) is a clinical symptom caused by chronic, progressive, and irreversible kidney function disorders. The World Health Organization (2017) reports that globally, CKD occurs in more than 500 million people. According to Riskesdas (2018) the prevalence of CKD based on a doctor's diagnosis in the population aged 15 years in Indonesia is 0.38% while in North Sumatra it is 0.33%. This method replaces the work normally carried out by the kidneys, namely cleansing the blood of metabolic wastes, toxic substances, and removing accumulated water in the body. This study aims to see the pattern of use of antihypertensives in patients with chronic kidney failure in hemodialysis Imelda Indonesian Workers General Hospital Medan period 2020. This study is a descriptive observation study in which data were taken retrospectively and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The pattern of use of antihypertensives in CKD patients in the hemodialysis unit of Imelda RSU Indonesian Workers is mostly amlodipine 13.0%, and the most widely used combination therapy is amlodipine with valsartan 14.4%.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PISANG AMBON (MUSA PARADISIACAL) DENGAN VITAMIN B6 DALAM MENURUNKAN INTENSITAS MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TM 1 DI KLINIK LINA HINAI KIRI KEC.SECANGGANG
Authors: Khairani  , Putri Maidina
Published: January 2023

Nausea (nausea) and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are normal symptoms and are often found in the first trimester of pregnancy. Almost 50-90% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting in the first trimester. One of the pharmacological methods that can be used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is to consume pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and non-pharmacological among them is to consume Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca) which contains lots of flavonoids and vitamin B6 which is able to overcome nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of giving Ambon bananas and vitamin B6 in reducing the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women at the Lina Hinai Kiri Secanggang Clinic.This research method uses Quasi Experimental research with a cross sectional research design. Data analysis was performed with two independent mean difference test. The research design was used with Two Group Only Post Test Design. The sample technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique and as a sample in this study were pregnant women in the 1st trimester who experienced nausea and vomiting and who came to check their pregnancy at the Lina Hinai Kiri Clinic, Secanggang District as many as 30 people.The results showed that the effectiveness of giving Ambon bananas with Vitamin B6 in reducing the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The table above shows that the frequency of nausea and vomiting in the ambon banana group of all respondents is in the effective category. Likewise, in the group giving vitamin B6, all respondents also included in the effective category, namely with a p-value of 0.001 <=0.05
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KALENDER DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DALAM MENDETEKSI DINI PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI DESA SECANGGANG KAB.LANGKAT
Authors: Indrayani Mira , Khairani  , Fauza Rahmawani
Published: January 2023

Pneumonia is one of the most serious infectious diseases in children and is one of the most common acute respiratory infections (ARI) which causes death in children under five. Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Every year more than 2 million children in the world die from pneumonia and most (99%) occur in developing and least developed countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of providing health education using calendar media in increasing mother's knowledge in early detection of pneumonia in children under five in Secanggang Village, Kab. Langkat. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental research design with "one group pretest and posttest control group design". The population of this research is mothers who have toddlers who live in Secanggang Village totaling 98 mothers. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling, with a total of 40 people, namely 20 experimental samples and 20 control samples. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between mother's knowledge in early detection of pneumonia in toddlers between those who were given health education with calendar media and without calendar media, the p-value was 0.031. Because the p-value <0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of parents of children under five on detecting pneumonia.