bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LASeR: Lizenz-Administrationssystem für e-Ressourcen
Authors: Rupp Daniel A. , Selbach Michaela
Published: August 2015

Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden Anteils von E-Medien fehlt Bibliotheken ein Instrument, um bilaterale, konsortiale und Allianzlizenzen zu verwalten. Der Aufsatz beschreibt das von der DFG teilgeförderte Projekt „Electronic Resource Management System“, welches zum Ziel hat, das bundesweit einsetzbare, mandantenfähige ERM-System LASeR zu entwickeln. In den bisher geförderten Arbeitspaketen wurde auf der Basis von Experteninterviews, Nutzerumfrage, Anbietergesprächen und der Evaluation bestehender Systeme ein Konzept erstellt, auf dessen Basis LASeR im Fall der Weiterförderung realisiert wird.
Classification of correlation-immune and minimal correlation-immune Boolean functions of 4 and 5 variables
Authors: Alekseev Evgeniy. K. , Karelina Ekaterina K.
Published: August 2015

A classification of correlation-immune and minimal corelation-immune Boolean function of 4 and 5 variables with respect to the Jevons group is given. Representatives of the equivalence classes of correlationimmune functions of 4 and 5 variables are decomposed into minimal correlation-immune functions. Characteristics of various decompositions of the constant function 1 into minimal correlation-immune functions are presented.
Free commutative medial n-ary groupoids
Authors: Davidov Sergey S.
Published: August 2015

The solvability of the equational theory of commutative medial n-ary groupoids is in the paper used to describe the structure of the free commutative medial n-ary groupoid and to demonstrate that a commutative medial n-ary groupoid has a convex linear representation.
Complexity of implementation of parity functions in the implication–negation basis
Authors: Kombarov Yuriy A.
Published: August 2015

The paper is concerned with circuits in the basis {x →y ,x̅}. The exact value of the complexity of implementation of an even parity function is obtained and the minimal circuits implementing an odd parity function are described
Rings whose finitely generated right ideals are quasi-projective
Authors: Tuganbaev Askar A.
Published: August 2015

An invariant ring A is arithmetical if and only if every finitely generated ideal M of the ring A is a quasi-projective A-module and every endomorphism of this module may be extended to an endomorphism of the module A
Dietary habits and sedentary behaviors among health science university students in Bahrain
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Awadhalla Muyssar S. , Al-Mannai Mariam , AlSawad Muneera , Asokan G.V.
Published: August 2015

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns and sedentary behaviors among university students in Bahrain.

Materials and methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out with students of the College of Health Sciences in Bahrain using a self-reported questionnaire. All the students enrolled in this college were included in this study (642 students; 90 males and 552 females). The mean age of the sample was 20.1±2.0 years. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on the students’ breakfast intake, snacking, food frequency intake, and sedentary habits.

Results:

More than 50% of the students did not consume breakfast on a daily basis. A statistically significant difference (p<0.003) was found between males (19%) and females (35%) in relation to the intake of an afternoon snack. There were no significant gender differences regarding frequency of food intake, except for carbonated beverages (p<0.001) and nuts (p<0.047) consumption. Females were more likely than males to spend time watching television, use the Internet, use a mobile phone and sleep; however, the only significant difference found was for Internet use (p<0.003). Being physically active on a daily basis was more prevalent among males (41.6%) than females (16%) (p<0.001). Females (42.9%) were more prone to sleep for less time (<7 h) than males (34.4%)(p<0.08).

Conclusion:

The findings indicated that a high percentage of health science students in Bahrain had unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary behaviors. Thus, an intervention program to promote healthy dietary patterns and lifestyle habits among university students is highly recommended.
Multigrid methods for Hdiv-conforming discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Stokes equations
Authors: Kanschat Guido , Mao Youli
Published: August 2015

A multigrid method for the Stokes system discretized with an H
Adipokine, adropin and endothelin-1 levels in intrauterine growth restricted neonates and their mothers
Authors: Aydin Halil Ibrahim , Eser Ayla , Kaygusuz Ikbal , Yildirim Sevgi , Celik Tugrul , Gunduz Suzan , Kalman Suleyman
Published: August 2015

Intrauterine growth retardation/restriction (IUGR) is associated with fetal malnutrition. It has consequences for later life including increased incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), adropin, and endothelin-1 are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome regulation. Intrauterine changes in these mediators could affect programming of later adult obesity and metabolic syndrome. Our objectives were to compare the levels of these mediators in both cord and maternal blood between IUGR pregnancies and control, healthy pregnancies, and to study the correlation of adipokines with adropin and endothelin-1 in maternal and cord blood in IUGR pregnancies as well as in healthy control pregnancies. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken from 16 women with IUGR pregnancies and 16 women with healthy pregnancies. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, adropin, and endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA. Maternal blood adropin levels were significantly lower in the IUGR group than in the control group; the other mediators did not differ significantly. There was a positive correlation between maternal blood adropin and endothelin levels. (r=0.731, P=0.001) in the control but not the IUGR group. Cord blood adropin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the IUGR group compared with the control group, while leptin or endothelin-1 did not differ significantly. There was a negative correlation between adropin and leptin (r=–0.704, P=0.001) in the IUGR but not the control group cord blood. There were also positive correlations between endothelin and adropin for both groups (r=0.594, P=0.006; r=0.560, P=0.010, respectively); to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a correlation. Differences in fetal expression of adropin and adiponectin in IUGR could influence programming of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and CVD in later life.
The implied volatility of a sports game
Authors: Polson Nicholas G. , Stern Hal S.
Published: August 2015

In this paper we provide a method for calculating the implied volatility of the outcome of a sports game. We base our analysis on Stern’s stochastic model for the evolution of sports scores (Stern, H. S. 1994. “A Brownian Motion Model for the Progress of Sports Scores.”
Variational assimilation of observation data in the mathematical model of the Baltic Sea dynamics
Authors: Agoshkov Valeriy I. , Parmuzin Eugene I. , Zalesny Vladimir B. , Shutyaev Victor P. , Zakharova Natalia B. , Gusev Anatoly V.
Published: August 2015

A mathematical model of the dynamics of the Baltic Sea is considered. A problem of variational assimilation of sea surface temperature (SST) data is formulated and studied. Based on variational assimilation of satellite observation data, an algorithm solving the inverse problem of heat flux restoration on the interface of two media is proposed. The results of numerical experiments reconstructing the heat flux functions in the problem of variational assimilation of SST observation data are presented. The influence of SST assimilation on other hydrodynamic parameters of the model is considered.
Monte Carlo simulation of ring-shaped returns for CCD LIDAR systems
Authors: Prigarin Sergei M. , Aleshina Tat’yana V.
Published: August 2015

Algorithms for stochastic simulation of spatial-temporal CCD LIDAR returns are presented in the paper. Conditions for a laser pulse to generate an expanding ring of light in a cloud layer are studied by Monte Carlo numerical experiments. The algorithms developed here are aimed to supercomputer simulation.
Forty years later: distribution of the introduced Heath Snail, Xerolenta obvia, in Ontario, Canada (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)
Authors: Forsyth Robert G. , Oldham Michael J. , Snyder Eric , Schueler Frederick W. , Layberry Ross
Published: August 2015

Xerolenta obvia is a Central European land snail that is introduced to Ontario, Canada, where it was first recorded in the literature in 1975 from a single population at Bethany (City of Kawartha Lakes). Over the four decades since that publication, additional records have been found clustered near Bethany, within the City of Kawartha Lakes, and in neighbouring Peterborough County and the Regional Municipality of Durham. Two distant sites are also now known, one in rural Ottawa (southeastern Ontario), and one at Windsor, Essex County (southwestern Ontario).
List of angiosperm species of the riparian vegetation of the Apodi-Mossoró River, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Regina Célia de , Silva Anádria Stéphanie da , Ribeiro André Rodolfo de Oliveira , Araújo José Erivaldo de , Oliveira Odaci Fernandes de , Camacho Ramiro Gustavo Valera
Published: August 2015

This article describes the riparian vegetation of a river in the Rio Grande do Norte state for the first time. This is a seasonal river in the semiarid region of the Caatinga biome. The study is based on data from herbarium collections and new expeditions from July 2007 to October 2008. Two hundred and forty seven taxa were recorded and of these, 116 are herbs and three of which are epiphytes, 25 sub-shrubs, 77 shrubs or trees, 26 lianas, one parasite, and two palms. This list of species of riparian vegetation in the river Apodi-Mossoró was compared with only two available lists from rivers in the northeast with similar environmental characteristics and showed a low similarity. This study points to the need for preservation of the species and remnants of riparian vegetation of the river Apodi-Mossoró and to increase efforts in the study of this vegetation type.
Phytoplankton of the northern coastal and shelf waters of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico
Authors: Merino-Virgilio Fany Del Carmen , Okolodkov Yuri B. , Aguilar-Trujillo Ana C. , Herrera- Silveira Jorge A.
Published: August 2015

Based on long-term monitoring (2001-2012) and four oceanographic cruises (2010-2012) in the coastal and shelf waters of the Yucatan Peninsula, SE Gulf of Mexico, a list of 306 strictly phytoplanktonic and tychoplanktonic species from 131 genera is presented: centric diatoms (83 species), raphid diatoms (47), araphid diatoms (22), Dinoflagellata (124), Cyanoprokaryota (18), Ebriacea (2), Chlorophyceae (3), Dictyochophyceae (2), Euglenophyceae (2), Cryptophyceae (1), Prymnesiophyceae (1), and Raphidophyceae (1). Diatoms also dominated the number of genera (80) followed by dinoflagellates (39) and cyanobacteria (11). The genera most abundant in species were Chaetoceros Ehrenb. (23 species), Protoperidinium Bergh (23) and Ceratium Schrank (17). The relative richness in species of the genus Oxytoxum (11 species) is related to the tropical affiliation of the phytoplankton community. Most of the tychoplanktonic diatoms (57 species out of a total of 152 diatoms, or 37.5%) were observed principally from coastal samplings. Eighteen potentially toxic species were found.
New distribution and elevation records for the snake Pseudelaphe flavirufa Cope, 1867 (Squamata: Colubridae) in Oaxaca, Mexico — RETRACTED
Authors: Mata-Silva Vicente , Wilson Larry David , Johnson Jerry D. , Mata-González Stephanye , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , García-Grajáles Jesús
Published: August 2015

It was brought to our attention that, unfortunately, the species of our note was misidentified. It is in fact Senticolis triaspis (Cope, 1866). Therefore, the first record of Pseudelaphe flavirufa for the Municipality of San Bartolo Coyotepec and for the floristic-faunistic area number 6 (Valles Centrales) of Oaxaca is no longer valid, as well as the new elevation record.We apologize for our mistake. The authors.21 February 2014.
New records of Auriculariales, Hymenochaetales and Polyporales (Fungi: Agaricomycetes) for the Caatinga Biome
Authors: Drechsler-Santos Elisandro Ricardo , Ryvarden Leif , Bezerra José Luiz , Gibertoni Tatiana Baptista , Salvador-Montoya C. A. , Calvacanti Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz
Published: August 2015

Macrofungi from exclusive Brazilian biome of semi-arid region are poorly known and more efforts are necessary to document the diversity and distribution of this group among all the different ecosystems of the Caatinga. Sixty one exsiccata kept at ALCB, CEPEC, HUVA and IPA herbaria were revised which corresponded to 36 species. Fourteen of these, Auricularia polytricha, Amauroderma partitum, A. sprucei, Dichomitus cavernulosus, Flabellophora parva, Flaviporus hydrophilus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Hexagonia papyracea, Perenniporia aurantiaca, Phellinus shaferi, Polyporus ianthinus, Rigidoporus lineatus, R. ulmarius, and Steccherinum reniforme, are first records for the Caatinga biome.
Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Rhinella manu Chaparro, Pramuk and Gluesenkamp, 2007; Rhinella tacana Padial, Reichle, Mcdiarmid and de la Riva, 2006: distribution extension and country record from southern Peru
Authors: Chávez Germán , Vásquez Diego , Echevarría Lourdes Y.
Published: August 2015

As a result of several surveys on the montane forests of southern Peru, we provide new distribution data for two arboreal toads (Anura: Bufonidae). An important distribution extension for Rhinella manu, outside of Manu National Park (Cusco department, Peru), location of the type locality, and the first record for Rhinella tacana in Peru, extending the distribution of both species by about 235 and 582 km (airline), respectively, are given herein.
Eratyrus mucronatus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): first report in the State of Acre, Brazil, and updated geographic distribution in South America
Authors: Obara Marcos Takashi , Cardoso Acigelda Da Silva , Pinto Maria Carmelinda Gonçalves , Souza Cláudio Rodrigues de , Albuquerque e Silva Rafaella , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo
Published: August 2015

A new occurrence record of Eratyrus mucronatus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) is reported from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The distribution of this triatomine species was updated and a potential geographic distribution map in South America was presented based on ecological niche modeling.
New records of anurans in the state of Maranhão, Brazil: Hypsiboas boans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hylidae) and Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann, 1969 (Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Matavelli Rodrigo , Campos Aldenise Martins , Mendonça Maurício Araujo , Andrade Gilda Vasconcellos de
Published: August 2015

We report two new records of anurans in the northeastern region of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The records extend the distribution of Hypsiboas boans (Linnaeus, 1758) outside the Amazon basin, and represent the first record of Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann, 1969 for the state of Maranhão.
EFEITO DA ESPESSURA DA PAREDE NO DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO DE MANGUEIRAS GOTEJADORAS
Authors: SAAD JOÃO CARLOS CURY , Jefery Ana Paula Russo Schimidt
Published: August 2015

EFEITO DA ESPESSURA DA PAREDE NO DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO DE MANGUEIRAS GOTEJADORAS  JOÃO CARLOS CURY SAAD1 E ANA PAULA RUSSO ASSUMPÇÃO SCHIMIDT JEFERY2 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Prof. Doutor, UNESP – Câmpus de Botucatu, Botucatu – SP., joaosaad@fca.unesp.br2 Engenheira Agrônoma, Doutoranda em irrigação e drenagem, UNESP - Câmpus de Botucatu, Botucatu – SP., schimidt.ana@gmail.com  1 RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade avaliar o desempenho hidráulico de mangueiras gotejadoras de diferentes espessuras e que utilizam o mesmo modelo de gotejador. Para tanto foram avaliadas em uma bancada de ensaio, quatro mangueiras gotejadoras de fabricação nacional (T1, T2, T3 e T4), com o mesmo modelo de emissor e quatro espessuras distintas (0,2; 0,25; 0,38 e 0,90 mm, respectivamente). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: coeficiente de variação de fabricação (Cvf), relação vazão x pressão e espessura de parede. Como resultados verificou-se que os Cvf das mangueiras atenderam às especificações da norma INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATON - ISO 9261:2004, com exceção da T2. Segundo o catálogo fornecido pelo fabricante, as equações características das mangueiras apresentariam os mesmos valores, uma vez que os emissores são do mesmo modelo. Essa observação não correspondeu ao resultado obtido no experimento, que obteve equações distintas para cada mangueira utilizada. Observou-se também que ao se utilizar o mesmo modelo de gotejador para uma mesma pressão, quanto maior a espessura da parede, menor a vazão do emissor. Palavras chaves: Coeficiente de variação de fabricação, irrigação por gotejamento, ISO 9261: 2004, relação vazão x pressão.  SAAD, J. C. C.; JEFERY, A. P. A. S.EFFECT OF WALL THICKNESS ON THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DRIP HOSES  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of drip hoses of different thickness which   use  the same dripper model. Four drip hoses (T1, T2, T3 and T4) with different thickness (0.2; 0.25; 0.38 and 0.90 mm, respectively) were evaluated.   The following parameters were evaluated: coefficient of manufacturing  variation (Cv), relationship between  flow x pressure and wall thickness. The results showed that the hose Cv met the requirements of ISO 9261:2004, except for T2. According to the manual  provided by the manufacturer, the equations specific to   the hoses would have the same coefficients, as the emitters are from the same model.  This observation did not match the results obtained in the experiment, which found different equations for each study drip hose. Also, using the same  emitter type at a given pressure, the wider the wall thickness, the lower the emitter flow. Keywords: coefficient of manufacturing   variation, dripping irrigation, ISO 9261:2004,  flow x pressure relationship.
Relationship of clinical presentation and psychopathological mechanisms at the commitment of grave socially dangerous acts by schizophrenic patients
Authors: Chembaev B R , Eshimbetova S Z
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the relationship of clinical presentation and psychopathological mechanisms at the commitment of grave socially dangerous acts by schizophrenic patients. Methods. The sample consisted of 201 schizophrenic patients who have committed grave socially dangerous acts targeted at the life and health of people. The investigation that included social-demographic, anamnestic and clinical data was performed. The sample was divided into three subgroups according to psychopathological mechanisms of grave socially dangerous acts commitment, determined by authors: unconditional-psychotic mechanism (n=46), conditional-psychotic mechanism (n=76) and negative-personality mechanism (n=79). Results. In patients with the unconditional-psychotic mechanism, the acute psychopathological symptoms such as catatonic, affective and delusional syndromes, acute delusional conditions were prevalent by the time of commitment of socially dangerous acts. In patients with this mechanism of catatonic schizophrenia, remittent course or intermittent-progressive course with the increased production of negative symptoms in remission were significantly more common. In patients with the conditional-psychotic mechanism, paranoid schizophrenia was prevalent, which was characterized by a continuous course without remissions, delusions without hallucinations, or chronic paranoid states. In patients with the negative-personality mechanism, the major psychopathological syndromes were defect and final states; residual schizophrenia and paranoid form of schizophrenia were common, intermittent-progressive course with stable but not increasing negative symptoms had dominated. The highest average duration of the disease at the time of committing a socially dangerous action was associated with the negative-personality mechanism. It was 13.56±9.00 years, which is considerably higher than at unconditional-psychotic mechanism (7.02±7.40 years) and at conditional-psychotic mechanism (7.38±8.35 years). Conclusion. When developing treatment and prevention measures, it is necessary to take into account the psychopathological mechanisms of commitment of grave socially dangerous acts combined with data of clinical presentation.
Features of pregnancy and delivery in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Khasan SKh Mansur
Published: August 2015

Pregnant women with hypertensive disorders have a high risk for premature birth and early delivery due to the increased severity of hypertension associated with low effect of treatment. Vaginal birth in patients with hypertensive disorders are often complicated by premature rupture of membranes, labor abnormalities, abnormal blood loss. Emergency abdominal delivery is performed together with complex intensive therapy. A common approach to the management of pregnancies with mild and moderate forms of hypertension is treatment associated with prolongation of pregnancy. Therapeutic and protective regimen in childbirth is created by phased long-term epidural analgesia. Indications for induced delivery - I-II degree of nephropathy in the absence of a positive therapeutic effect for 1-2 weeks. Regarding to severe forms of hypertensive disorders, many researchers tend to think of the need for early delivery, to avoid complications. At the same time, early delivery often leads to birth with premature fetus, which contributes to worsening of perinatal outcomes in patients with hypertensive disorders. Currently the possibility of conservative management of pregnant with hypertensive disorders at the gestation term of less than 32 weeks using glucocorticoids may significantly improve perinatal outcomes. Conservative management is only possible in large clinical settings with careful selection of patients. Currently, there are different approaches to the selection of methods and timing of delivery in hypertensive disorders. The optimal strategy is based on a differentiated approach that takes into account the severity of hypertensive disorders and the probability of complications for mother and fetus. At the same time, the diversity of the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders determines the presence of different variants of its clinical manifestations, clinical course and complications, making it difficult to properly assess its severity.
Predictors of atherosclerosis development in children and adolescents with juvenile arthritis
Authors: Balykova L A , Samoshkina E S , Krasnopol’skaya A V , Shchekina N V , Trupanova P A
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the prevalence of metabolic disorders in children with juvenile arthritis.
Methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 82 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and 50 healthy children of the control group was performed. All patients with juvenile arthritis received disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and/or glucocorticoids (intraarticular injections or pulse therapy) and/or biologics.
Results. Complete clinical picture of metabolic syndrome (a combination of the two mandatory criteria - hypertension, glucose intolerance or dyslipidemia with increasing waist circumference above the 90th percentile) was found in 30 (36.5%) of 82 patients and was not found in any child from the control group (p
Myocarditis in yound athletes
Authors: Degtyareva E A , Kantemirova M G , Zhdanova O I , Trosheva O N
Published: August 2015

Aim. Development of informative differential diagnostic criteria of inflammatory myocardial involvement in young athletes. Methods. A total of 163 athletes (swimmers, football players and sailing athletes) aged 9 to 24 years (mean age 14.74±0,23 years, SD=3.03) were examined. Complete clinical and functional examination was performed. Remodeling of the left ventricle was studied in accordance with R. Devereux (1992) and B. Maron (2005) echocardiographic criteria. Myocardial morphometry results were compared with immunobiochemical markers of myocardial damage and titer of antimyocardial antibodies to the endothelium, cardiac conduction system, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle. Results. In 10 out of 40 athletes with echocardiographic signs of pathological remodeling of the left ventricle, the indicators of myocardial damage used as immunobiochemical screening tests, were increased, high titers of antimyocardial antibodies (more than 1:160), arrhythmias, sever conduction disorders, and high concentrations of infectious risk factors were revealed, allowing to diagnose subacute myocarditis. Conclusion. Subacute myocarditis should be excluded in athletes with echocardiographic signs of left ventricular myocardial remodeling and a high concentration of «infectious» risk factors based on immunobiochemical markers of myocardial damage and antimyocardial antibodies titer.
Substituição parcial do potássio por sódio na adubação do capim mombaça em ciclos de pastejo
Authors: Andrade Carlos Augusto Oliveira de , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Santos Antônio Clementino dos , Santos Antônio Carlos Martins dos , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da
Published: August 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial do potássio por sódio na adubação do capim Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça em dois ciclos de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x4+1, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por dois ciclos de pastejo (60 e 90 dias após a emergência das plantas) o segundo por quatro doses de Na+ em substituição ao K+ (0+80, 20+60, 40+40 e 60+20 mg dm-3 de Na+ + K+, respectivamente) e o tratamento adicional foi constituído pelo solo sem adubação. Foi observado que o uso de Na+ em substituição ao K+ na adubação do capim Mombaça resultou no decréscimo da altura de plantas, índice de clorofila, massa verde da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e número de perfilhos em ambos os ciclos de pastejo. O segundo ciclo de pastejo proporciona maiores médias nos indicadores índice de clorofila, número de perfilhos, massa verde da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea quando comparado ao primeiro ciclo. A substituição do K+ por Na+ na adubação aumenta a produção de forragem até a dose de 28,77 mg dm-3 de Na+ a partir dos 60 dias de emergência das plantas. A substituição do K+ por Na+ na adubação reduz em 7,9% o desenvolvimento do capim Mombaça. 
Ontogenetic differences in Atlantic salmon phosphorus concentration and its implications for cross ecosystem fluxes
Authors: Ebel J. D. , Leroux S. J. , Robertson M. J. , Dempson J. B.
Published: August 2015

Nutrient transport across ecosystem boundaries by migratory animals can regulate trophic and biogeochemical dynamics of recipient ecosystems. The magnitude and direction of net nutrient flow between ecosystems is modulated by life history, abundance and biomass, individual behavior, and body element composition of migrating individuals. We tested common assumptions applied to nutrient transport models regarding homeostasis of species' body element composition across space and ontogenetic stage. We quantified whole body phosphorus (P) concentration of three life stages of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from three distinct populations in Newfoundland, Canada, to evaluate the importance of river of origin and life stage as predictors of salmon %P. We found that life stage was a more important predictor of salmon %P than river of origin, and that %P of post‐spawn adults migrating downstream to the ocean (i.e., kelts) was more similar to %P of juveniles migrating downstream to the ocean (i.e., smolts) than it was to %P of adults migrating upstream to spawn. We then compared nutrient flux for the three rivers over a 20‐year period calculated with body composition values extracted from existing literature and our direct measurements to evaluate how assumptions regarding spatial and ontogenetic homogeneity in salmon %P influenced the observed P fluxes. We demonstrate that assuming equality of kelt %P and adult %P results in an overestimate of net nutrient flux to rivers by Atlantic salmon and the erroneous conclusion that Atlantic salmon populations are unconditional sources of nutrients to their natal watersheds. Instead, Newfoundland's salmon populations are conditional sinks of freshwater P, which is the opposite functional role of Pacific salmon. Our results highlight that a better understanding of intraspecific variation in body element composition of fishes is a prerequisite to determining their role in global biogeochemical cycling.
The Role of Sexual Orientation in the Victimization and Recovery of Sexual Assault Survivors
Authors: Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: August 2015

Few studies examine the sexual violence victimization and recovery of nonheterosexuals. Limited available research suggests that lesbian and bisexual women are at increased risk for sexual violence and experience more recovery problems following assault than heterosexuals. We examine differences by sexual orientation in victimization, recovery, and social reactions as well as whether racial differences relate to recovery in female sexual assault survivors (N = 1,863) from the community. Bisexual women emerged as a distinct group from heterosexual women with greater recovery problems and experienced greater impact of social reactions. Black sexual minority women also had more negative outcomes than White sexual minority women. Results suggest that differences in sexual orientation and race relate to poorer recovery, especially for survivors with multiple marginalized identities.
Clinical and Microbiologic Evaluation of Scaling and Root Planing per Quadrant and One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Disinfection Associated With Azithromycin or Chlorhexidine: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fonseca Douglas Campideli , Cortelli José Roberto , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Miranda Cota Luís Otávio , Machado Costa Lidiane Cristina , Moreira Castro Marcos Vinicius , Oliveira Azevedo Andréa Mara , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: August 2015

Background: Conflicting data about the protocol of choice for non‐surgical periodontal therapy with adjuvant use are still reported. This study aims to evaluate, through clinical and microbiologic parameters, the systemic use of azithromycin (AZ) and chlorhexidine (CHX) as adjuvants to non‐surgical periodontal treatment performed by one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection (FMD) within 24 hours or conventional quadrant scaling (QS) in four weekly sections.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 85 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent different treatment protocols, in six groups: three FMD groups and three QS groups, each with no adjuvants, with CHX, and with AZ. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and total and quantitative bacterial counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus oralis were measured with real‐time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and 90 and 180 days after treatment.

Results: In all groups, a significant reduction was observed in the percentage of periodontal diseased sites, gingival index, plaque index, and clinical attachment level gain at 90 days, demonstrating effectiveness of the treatment, independently of the adjuvant. The FMD with CHX group showed higher reduction in probing depth and percentage of periodontal diseases sites, as well as lower total bacterial count, than all the other groups at 180 days.

Conclusions: The adjuvant use of AZ did not provide any significant benefit, independently of the treatment protocol. The adjuvant use of CHX showed a more expressive and significant improvement in clinical and microbiologic parameters, especially in the FMD protocol, followed by QS.
Experimental Study on Downhole Oil-water Separation Hydrocyclone
Authors: Yan Xu , Lin Yuan , Zunce Wang , Sen Li , Jinglong Zhang , Lin Ke
Published: August 2015

In the process of downhole oil-water separation, the traditional liquid-liquid separation hydrocyclone (LLSH) is
used in conjunction with screw pumps, which makes the hydrocyclone rotating around its own axis. The rotation of wall
of hydrocyclone affects its internal flow characteristics and separation properties directly. The orthogonal experiment of
the downhole oil-water separation hydrocyclone (DOWSH) is designed to analyze the effect of flowrate, rotating speed
and split ratio on separation efficiency and pressure drop, The primary and secondary factors of operation parameters have
been studied, and the optimum condition and reasonable working range of DOWSH have been obtained. It provides reliable
basis for process of practical application of DOWSH􀀁so as to guide the production.
The Impact of SEC Disclosure Monitoring on the Uncertainty of Fair Value Estimates
Authors: Bens Daniel A. , Cheng Mei , Neamtiu Monica
Published: August 2015

We investigate the role played by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in monitoring fair value disclosures in regulatory filings. Specifically, we assess whether SEC action via the issuance of fair value comment letters to registrants is followed by reductions in uncertainty about the firms' fair value estimates. We hypothesize that registrants that receive a comment letter focusing on their fair value disclosure policies experience reductions in investor uncertainty regarding their fair value estimates in the post-letter period, compared to the pre-letter period. Supporting this prediction, we find that for the periods after the fair value comment letters, the associations between Level 2 and 3 fair value assets and our measures of uncertainty are significantly reduced. These findings are robust to a series of tests designed to ensure that we do not simply capture general changes in market uncertainty levels for firms investing in these types of assets. Our study contributes to the further understanding of market participants' perception of fair value disclosures by investigating the role of SEC enforcement. This finding is important given recent criticisms of fair value reporting emanating from the highest levels of government and industry.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Irregularities in Accounting Numbers and Earnings Management—A Novel Approach Based on SEC XBRL Filings
Authors: Henselmann Klaus , Ditter Dominik , Scherr Elisabeth
Published: August 2015

The SEC XBRL mandate enables the gathering of accounting numbers to be fully automatic in a database-like manner that provides vast opportunities for financial analysis. Using this functionality, this study proposes a simple analytical prescreening measure that uses abnormal digit distributions at the firm-year level to identify firms suspected of having managed earnings. On average, we find that the constructed measure indicates a greater amount of irregularities in the reported accounting numbers of firms with higher incentives to engage in earnings management. The suggested XBRL-enhanced digit analysis approach may provide the SEC and investors a simple measure to flag financial reports carrying a higher probability of human interaction.

JEL Classifications: C10; M41; M43.

Data Availability: Data used in this paper are publicly available. The analytical prescreening VBA-Tool is available upon request. A description of the tool is available; see Appendix B.
Big Data–Based Estimation for Ship Safety Distance Distribution in Port Waters
Authors: Zhang Liye , Wang Hua , Meng Qiang
Published: August 2015

The water area of a large container port such as Singapore's has high ship traffic density because of continuously increasing international seaborne trade. The behavior of ships sailing in the port's waters exhibits high diversity. Ships must maintain a minimum safety distance when moving in and out of port waters to avoid collisions. This study estimated the probability distributions for ship safety distance by using automatic identification system (AIS) data collected in Singapore port waters. Thirty-six navigation scenarios classified by ship type and size, visibility (daytime and night), and direction of movement (crossing, head-on, and overtaking) were investigated. Safety distances for various ship types and sizes were first examined with nonparametric statistical tests. A tangible approach incorporating the maximum likelihood estimation and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test techniques was designed for determining the best-fitted probability distribution with the parameters calibrated by AIS data for ship safety distance. It was found that the lognormal and gamma distributions could well fit the ship safety distance in Singapore port waters according to the collected AIS data.
Bunker Procurement Planning for Container Liner Shipping Companies
Authors: Meng Qiang , Wang Yadong , Du Yuquan
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the bunker procurement planning (BPP) problem arising for a container liner shipping company that plans to purchase bunker from both bunker futures contracts and the spot market to hedge the risk in fluctuation of and increases in bunker prices. A multistage bunker procurement decision process for the BPP problem is developed to determine the monthly bunker procurement. The process allows the shipping company to sign bunker futures contracts in the first stage and to rebalance them in the subsequent stages. By assuming the stochasticity of bunker spot price, the BPP problem is formulated as a mean-variance minimization stochastic programming model. An approximation solution method for solving this model is designed by integrating random variable sampling technique, scenario tree generation, and quadratic programming approximation. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate that bunker procurement risk can be effectively hedged with the proposed method. This study provides a useful decision tool for container liner shipping companies to use when planning bunker procurement.
The Business Value of Supply Chain Visibility and Monitoring
Authors: McKinney Joseph H. , Radford Arthur , Stathacopoulos Alexander , Aifadopoulou Georgia , Giannopoulos George
Published: August 2015

In recent decades, freight transport and supply chains have made sophisticated state-of-the-art applications of information and communication technologies that have made visible the whole transportation and supply chain and have increased the ability for collection, analysis, and use of data to improve performance. This approach involves both the demand side—data about items being sold, inventories, order, and receipt of goods—and the supply side—data about available capacities for packing, shipping, and transporting freight. Dynamic, reliable, and relevant information and data are essential to improving the whole freight transportation process through such factors as security information (e.g., theft, tampering), location and condition of cargo (e.g., temperature variations, humidity), and routing optimization. Technologies that make this information available to enterprises have several benefits, including the financial advantages of more efficient management of stock and supply chain operations. This paper identi-fies and quantifies these benefits according to research results based on the monitoring specific supply chains through the development and use of container monitoring devices. This quantification of benefits is possible because of specific practical tests and experience gained through field research at enterprises that apply the systems and through participation in international research projects funded under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme.
Improved versus worsened endocrine function after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas: rate, time course, and radiological analysis
Authors: Jahangiri Arman , Wagner Jeffrey R. , Han Sung Won , Tran Mai T. , Miller Liane M. , Chen Rebecca , Tom Maxwell W. , Ostling Lauren R. , Kunwar Sandeep , Blevins Lewis , Aghi Manish K.
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

The impact of transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFAs) on preoperative hypopituitarism relative to the incidence of new postoperative endocrine deficits remains unclear. The authors investigated rates of hypopituitarism resolution and development after transsphenoidal surgery.

METHODS

Over a 5-year period, 305 transsphenoidal surgeries for NFAs performed at The California Center for Pituitary Disorders were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

Patients with preoperative endocrine deficits (n = 153, 50%) were significantly older (mean age 60 vs 54 years; p = 0.004), more frequently male (65% vs 44%; p = 0.0005), and had larger adenomas (2.4 cm vs 2.1 cm; p = 0.02) than patients without preoperative deficits (n = 152, 50%). Of patients with preoperative endocrine deficits, 53% exhibited symptoms. Preoperative deficit rates were 26% for the thyroid axis; 20% and 16% for the male and female reproductive axes, respectively; 13% for the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/cortisol axis, and 19% for the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. Laboratory normalization rates 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery without hormone replacement were 26% and 36% for male and 13% and 13% for female reproductive axes, respectively; 30% and 49% for the thyroid axis; 3% and 3% for the cortisol axis; and 9% and 22% for the IGF-1 axis (p < 0.05). New postoperative endocrine deficits occurred in 42 patients (13.7%). Rates of new deficits by axes were: male reproductive 3% (n = 9), female reproductive 1% (n = 4), thyroid axis 3% (n = 10), cortisol axis 6% (n = 19), and GH/IGF-1 axis 4% (n = 12). Patients who failed to exhibit any endocrine normalization had lower preoperative gland volumes than those who did not (0.24 cm3 vs 0.43 cm3, respectively; p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that no variables predicted new postoperative deficits or normalization of the female reproductive, cortisol, and IGF-1 axes. However, increased preoperative gland volume and younger age predicted the chances of a patient with any preoperative deficit experiencing normalization of at least 1 axis. Younger age and less severe preoperative hormonal deficit predicted normalization of the thyroid and male reproductive axes (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

After NFA resection, endocrine normalization rates in this study varied with the hormonal axis and were greater than the incidence of new endocrine deficits. Low preoperative gland volume precluded recovery. Patient age and the severity of the deficiency influenced the recovery of the thyroid and male reproductive axes, the most commonly impaired axes and most likely to normalize postoperatively. This information can be of use in counseling patients with hypopituitarism who undergo NFA surgery.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skull base: results with an aggressive multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Ramakrishna Rohan , Raza Shaan M. , Kupferman Michael , Hanna Ehab , DeMonte Franco
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a locally aggressive tumor of salivary gland origin. Little data exist to guide treatment when this tumor extends to involve the structures of the skull base.

METHODS

Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of ACC affecting the skull base were identified from a prospective database at MD Anderson Cancer Center (from 1992 to 2010).

RESULTS

Median follow-up for study patients was 6.75 years. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 78% and 50%, respectively. Sixty-six percent of patients had progression of their disease. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 46.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Gross-total resection was achieved in 75% of patients, with 49% having microscopically negative margins at the time of first operation. On univariate analysis, resections with microscopically negative margins were associated with a significant OS advantage (20.1 ± 3.3 years) compared with resections that left residual disease, even if microscopic (10.3 ± 1.6 years, p = 0.035). In patients who underwent reoperation, the effect persisted, with improved OS in those with negative margins (21.4 ± 0.0 vs 16.7 ± 4.0 years, p = 0.06). The use of adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with an OS advantage (16.2 ± 2.5 vs 5.5 ± 2.2 years, p = 0.03) at initial diagnosis and improved PFS (7.8 ± 1.0 vs 2.1 ± 0.62 years, p = 0.005), whereas repeat irradiation provided no benefit. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy at diagnosis or at recurrence was not associated with any significant advantage. Multivariate analysis revealed margin-negative resection at initial operation and at recurrence retained OS significance, even after controlling for age, radiation therapy, and T stage.

CONCLUSIONS

ACC of the skull base is best treated with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at maximal, safe resection. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be offered, whereas chemotherapy does not confer benefit.
Gamma Knife surgical treatment for partially embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Jiang Yuhua , Lv Xianli , Yang Hongchao , Zhao Yang , Li Youxiang
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

A combination of embolization and radiosurgery is used as a common strategy for the treatment of large and complex cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This study presents the experiences of partially embolized cerebral AVMs followed by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) and assesses predictive factors for AVM obliteration and hemorrhage.

METHODS

The interventional neuroradiology database that was reviewed included 404 patients who underwent AVM embolization. Using this database, the authors retrospectively analyzed all partially embolized AVM cases followed by GKS for a residual nidus. Except for cases of complete AVM obliteration, the authors excluded all patients with radiological follow-up of less than 2 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictive factors related to AVM obliteration and hemorrhage following GKS. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the obliteration with a cutoff AVM nidus volume of 3 cm3 and 10 cm3.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty-two patients qualified for the study. The median patient age was 26 years and 48.8% were female. Hemorrhage presented as the most common symptom (48.1%). The median preembolization volume of an AVM was 14.3 cm3. The median volume and margin dose for GKS were 10.92 cm3 and 16.0 Gy, respectively. The median radiological and clinical follow-up intervals were 47 and 79 months, respectively. The annual hemorrhage rate was 1.71% and total obliteration rate was 56.8%. Noneloquent area (p = 0.004), superficial location (p < 0.001), decreased volume (p < 0.001), lower Spetzler-Martin grade (p < 0.001), lower Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (RAS; p < 0.001), lower Pollock-Flickinger score (p < 0.001), lower modified Pollock-Flickinger score (p < 0.001), increased maximum dose (p < 0.001), and increased margin dose (p < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant in predicting the probability of AVM obliteration in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only volume (p = 0.016) was found to be an independent prognostic factor for AVM obliteration. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test of the Kaplan-Meier analysis (chi-square = 54.402, p < 0.001) showed a significantly decreased obliteration rate of different cutoff AVM volume groups of less than 3 cm3, 3–10 cm3, and more than 10 cm3. No independent prognostic factor was found for AVM hemorrhage in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Partially embolized AVMs are amenable to successful treatment with GKS. The volume of the nidus significantly influences the outcome of radiosurgical treatment. The Virginia RAS and Pollock-Flickinger score were found to be reliable scoring systems for selection of patient candidates and prediction of partially embolized AVM closure and complications for GKS.