bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye için (açık ekonomi) para talebi fonksiyonu istikrarlı mı? Çoklu yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme analizinden yeni bulgular
Authors: MİKE Faruk
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, Türkiye için açık ekonomi para talebi fonksiyonunun uzun dönemli istikrarını, yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Carrion-i-Silvestre vd. (2009) birim kök ve Maki (2012) eşbütünleşme testleri ile incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analizler 1990:1-2019:4 çeyreklik gözlemleri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada parasal büyüklük göstergesi olarak geniş tanımlı reel para arzına (M2) yer verilmektedir. Reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla, faiz oranı ve nominal döviz kuru göstergeleri ise para talebinin temel belirleyicileri olarak çalışmaya dahil edilmektedir. Yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testinden elde edilen bulgular tüm serilerin I(1) düzeyinde durağanlık şartını sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme testi sonuçları ise reel para arzı ile reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla, faiz oranı ve nominal döviz kuru arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Uzun dönem katsayılar incelendiğinde, reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla ile para talebi arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, faiz oranı ve nominal döviz kuru ile para talebi arasında ise negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle nominal döviz kuru özelinde, Türkiye’deki kişi ve kurumların para taleplerini spekülasyon etkisiyle gerçekleştirdikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular yapısal kırılmalar altında Türkiye için istikrarlı bir para talebi fonksiyonunun bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir.
İdari ve adli para cezalarının karşılaştırılması
Authors: ORGAN İbrahim , BARAN Tülay
Published: September 2020

Para cezası bir suç veya kabahat karşılığında belirli makamlar tarafından verilen ve kişilerin malvarlığından alınan parasal tutardır. Bu tutarlar bazen sadece para olarak bazen de hürriyeti kısıtlayan yaptırımların karşılığı olarak belirlenmektedir. İdarenin kendi bünyesinde verdiği cezalar idari para cezaları olup bu cezalar yargı organına taşınmadan idare tarafından verilmektedirler. Adli para cezaları ise bir yargı organı tarafından ve kanunda belirtilen sınırlar dahilinde verilmektedir. İdari ve adli para cezaları karşılaştırılmasında farklılıklar olmasının yanı sıra benzerlik görülen durumlar da vardır. Ceza türünün belirlenmesi açısından kabahat ve suç oluşturan fiillerin ilgili kanunlarda açıkça hükme bağlanması esastır. Meydana getirilen fiiller kapsamında verilecek cezalara bazı şartların oluşmasına bağlı olarak karar verilmektedir. İdari para cezasında genellikle kabahati işleyen kişinin kusuru ve ekonomik durumu belirleyici olurken adli para cezalarında suçun işlenmesi sürecinde yer alan faktörlerin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Tahsil edilen cezalar ise türüne göre farklı bütçelere aktarılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan verilen cezalara itiraz süreci de değişiklik göstermektedir. Kendi kanunlarının yanı sıra vergi kanunları kapsamında da idari ve adli para cezası uygulaması söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle idari ve adli para cezalarının temel kanunlarındaki hükümleri açıklanarak benzer ve farklı özellikleri ortaya konulacaktır. Akabinde ise vergi kanunlarında yer alan idari ve adli para cezalarının işleyişi açıklanıp yaptırım hükümleri incelenecektir.
Türkiye’de akademisyenlerin idari görevlerine dair “cam tavan” algısı ölçeği geliştirme
Authors: TAHTALIOĞLU Havva , ÖZGÜR Hüseyin
Published: September 2020

Türkiye’de cam tavana dair akademik çalışmalarının çoğu cinsiyet/kadın ve yaş gibi sınırlı bir veya birkaç değişkene odaklanmıştır. Türkiye’nin kamu personel sisteminde açıklık, eşitlik ve tarafsızlık ilkelerini zedeleyen ve bazıları cam tavan sendromuna da yol açan uygulamaların tespiti ve giderilmesi açısından önceki çalışmaların kapsamı yeterli değildir. Türkiye özelinde yapılan çalışmalarda sektörel ve mesleki göstergeleri dikkate alarak geliştirilen ölçeklerin ve endekslerin olmaması da sorunun akademik ve uygulama düzlemlerinde anlaşılması ile çözüm önerileri geliştirmede gözlemlenen önemli bir eksikliktir.
“Akademisyenlerin İdari Görevlerine Dair 'Cam Tavan' Algısına Yönelik Ölçek” geliştirilmesi amaçlanan bu çalışmada literatürdeki diğer Türkiye kökenli cam tavan ölçeklerindeki cinsiyette ilave ve daha spesifik çeşitli değişkenler de kullanılmaktadır. Araştırma 1992’de kurulan Devlet üniversitelerinde 2016 yılında görevde bulunan öğretim üyeleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak literatür ve pilot çalışma ışığında yazarlarca geliştirilen Türkiye’de öğretim üyelerinin akademik boyutu olan idari görevlere yükselmede karşılaştıkları engelleri tespit etmeye dair anket temelli algı ölçeği formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen geçerli anket verileri üzerinde çeşitli ileri istatistiksel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular çerçevesinde 26 madde ve 7 alt boyuttan oluşan “Türkiye’de Akademisyenlerin İdari Görevlere Yükselmesine Dair Cam Tavan Algısı Ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir.
Research review on improving the efficiency of multimodal transportation based on technological solutions
Authors: Malyshev M. I.
Published: September 2020

During the process of analyzing Russian and foreign studies in the field of multimodal cargo transportation, existing methods for improving the efficiency of the multimodal transport system are considered. Improving efficiency of multimodal transportation today is possible due to the optimization of the interaction system between the used modes of transport and transportation of goods. Cost reduction, optimization of cargo terminals, the formation and development of the transport corridors network also play an important role in improving this type of transportation. The use of the new capabilities of satellite navigation, as well as the importance of reducing the environmental load and fuel economy should not be underestimated. The minimization of risks throughout the field of multimodal transportation, the improvement of the legislative framework and document management processes are important. To solve these problems, experts propose methods for the operational management of cargo delivery and expedited transportation. Based on these methods, the place of transport logistics in the process of bringing goods to the consumer during multimodal transportation is determined. A methodology for designing a multimodal transport network has been developed, this methodology involves the formation and development of transport corridors, taking into account new conditions for the globalization of transportation. Researches on the organization of transportation using multimodal transport units and technologies (containers, contrailers, "running highway") have been conducted. Based on the theory of controlled networks and integer linear programming methods, the experts developed mathematical models for the distribution of cargo flows, the choice of the most favorable transportation routes, ideal loading of rolling stock, and transportation of goods using the best forwarding algorithm. Methods are proposed for assessing the maximum capacity of the transport network and predicting the interference of weather conditions in the process of goods transportation, based on the Ford-Fulkerson theorem on the maximum flow and minimum cross section and the use of the mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the lack of a universal methodology for managing multimodal transportation processes on the basis of a telecommunication platform requires the formulation and solution of the important scientific and practical problem - the development of popular organizational and management methods, technological solutions to ensure the effectiveness of multimodal transportation. The totality of the tasks to be solved in this case has important socio-economic significance for the Russian Federation.
The possibility of the event-based flight safety control taking into account the particular qualities of the pilot
Authors: Bachkalo B. I. , Zolotykh V. I.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the flight safety management process. The structure of the flight safety management system and the subjectobject interaction which is in the base of this system functioning are shown. The necessity of aircraft intelligent on-board control systems development and implementation is proved. The tasks that such systems will allow to solve during the flight are outlined. Application prospects of the real and documented flight safety contours in the system of active flight safety management are considered. The possibility of active flight safety control based on the parametric control principle is shown. The necessity of flight safety management based on the event-based control principle with the use of documented flight safety contour is proved. The example which visually demonstrates the capabilities and prospects of event-based flight safety management has been considered. The necessity of a particular pilot psychical characteristics taking into account while forming the contour of documented flight safety is proved. For this purpose, the flight personnel mental state systematic monitoring with the aim of professional suitability indicator determination expediency is justified. The possibility of using the pilot’s personal database for documented safety contour formation of each specific flight is considered in order to take into account the features of a particular pilot in managing flight safety. This should be a self-learning system that operates on the basis of the neural networks application and allows you to take into account all the characteristic and temperament features of each pilot in person. It is proved that the possibility of the pilot’s mental state taking into account, expressed by the value of the professional suitability indicator, can be successfully implemented exactly in the event of flight safety management, which will lead to the security increase of the aviation system from exposure of hazardous factors during the flight mission.
Risk assessment in ensuring aircraft on-board systems safety
Authors: Fourar H. E. , Ogunvoul B. D. , Budaev V. D. , Lachi F.
Published: September 2020

A method of risk assessment of an aircraft on-board information system is being considered, which allows ensuring reliability and safety of such a complex system in operation. This technique implies application of combined mathematical tools to estimate the risks that complex systems/items are being exposed to. The existing risk assessment methods are not flexible enough to solve the complex task of enhancing comprehensive safety of an aircraft information system (AIS) due to difficulty in unifying the criteria for estimating the degree of hazard in reference to all safety concepts. Currently, risks severity and mechanism for the development of one undesirable event (risk event) into more complex forms during technical operation of an aircraft items/system are not being considered. However, the method proposed in this article intends to become a catalyst for generation of new criteria on a unified basis for estimating safety of such a technical complex system such as AIS, since it contains three-component risk parameters. I.e. the risk for threats from violators (cases of unlawful interference (UI)), vulnerabilities (functional hazards that contribute to UI and its development in a system) and loss (set of criteria that evaluates consequences of UI). As a result, these criteria and parameters of threecomponent safety will allow us to find a new approach to determining the complex risk to which important aircraft systems, such as on-board aircraft information systems, are exposed. This article presents a method for determining risk that takes into account the three-component safety concept. Together, these components will make it possible to evaluate technical systems hazard degree, taking into account their sophistication. The information provided in this paper by the authors is a scientific hypothesis designed to draw attention of the scientific community to the problem of lack of methods for evaluating multicomponent risks in such a system as AIS. The article presents the basic criteria for evaluating a complex three-component risk; they are not sufficient for the full formation of new criteria for evaluating the safety of a complex aircraft system/item and requires clarification of their parameters. Thus, this work is not absolute as a complete solution to the complex problem of enhancing comprehensive safety of AIS, but only offers a methodology for unifying the three safety components to evaluate complex risk.
STRUKTUR WACANA DALAM RITUAL NYADRAN AGUNG DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Rufaidah Desy , Sayekti Octavian Muning
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe the discourse structure used in Nyadran Agung ritual which was held in Kulon Progo District. The data of the research are words (utterances) and material elements in the ritual. The data are collected through observation and in-depth interview. The collected data are validated using key informant review, source triangulation and method. To analyze the data, the researchers perform interactive analysis technique and Teun Van Dijk’s model of discourse analysis. The result shows that discourse structures of Nyadran Agung ritual are divided into macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure. The macro structure covers social-culture, religious value, tolerance, and mutual assistance. The superstructure covers pre-preface, preface, content, and closing. The micro structure is observed from the sentence types used during the ritual which covers declarative and imperative (politeness, request, hope, and invitation) sentences.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur wacana ritual Nyadran Agung di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata-kata (tuturan) dan unsur material dalam ritual Nyadran Agung. Data diperoleh dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Data yang telah diperoleh divalidasi dengan review informan kunci, triangulasi sumber, dan metode. Data yang telah divalidasi dianalisis dengan teknik analisis interaktif dan model analisis wacana Teun Van Dijk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur wacana dalam ritual Nyadran Agung terbagi menjadi struktur makro, superstruktur, dan struktur mikro. Struktur makro ritual Nyadran Agung, yaitu sosial-budaya, religius, toleransi, dan gotong royong. Superstruktur dalam ritual Nyadran Agung terbagi menjadi empat bagian, yaitu prapendahuluan, pendahuluan, isi, dan penutup. Struktur mikro dilihat dari jenis kalimat, dalam ritual Nyadran Agung ditemukan kalimat deklaratif, imperatif (santun, permintaan, harapan, dan ajakan).
REPRESENTASI MASKULINITAS DALAM MUSEUM IBU (MASCULINITY REPRESENTATION ON MUSEUM IBU)
Authors: Nurfaidah Resti
Published: September 2020

Museum Ibu was an antology of  Gusti Trisno’s short stories. It consisted of few showcases of adult female representations on different spots from male gaze of I (male) or other male characters. This paper was written to explore adult female representations from male gaze. The purpose  was to reveal the representation of adult female characters, both as mothers or alternative mothers, based on male gaze of I or other male characters. The exploration was based on culture studies that used many concept: Freud’s oedipal, Beynon masculinity, Lakoff and Johnson’s  metaphoric. Method which was used: comparative descriptive analysis towards metaphorical data on Museum Ibu. The result revealed that I and other male characters found on the data were representation of oedipal men. They had highly dependence to the surroundings adult female charactershiding from their lack of  parts of their own masculinity.Museum Ibu merupakan buku kumpulan cerpen karya Gusti Trisno yang terdiri atas beberapa etalase penggambaran sosok perempuan dewasa dalam kedudukan yang berbeda dari sudut pandang maskulin (male gaze). Penelusuran tentang sosok ibu tersebut dilakukan dengan cara pandang culture studies dengan menggunakan beberapa konsep gender, terutama maskulinitas dari Beynon dan beberapa pakar lain untuk menelaah bagaimana aspek gender berperanan penting dalam kehidupan tokoh maskulin yang membakukan pandangan bawah sadarnya pada sosok perempuan dewasa di sekitarnya.  Analisis tentang konflik gender dilakukan pada data-data metaforis pada sumber data secara konseptual khas Lakoff dan Johnson. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam makalah ini adalah analisis deskriptif melalui tahapan kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan penulis. Kesimpulan sementara dari penelitian ini adalah tokoh aku dan tokoh maskulin yang terdapat dalam sumber data tersebut merupakan representasi laki-laki oidipal yang sangat bergantung pada lindungan dan kehadiran perempuan-perempuan dewasa di sekitarnya untuk menutupi kelemahan maskulinitas yang ada dalam dirinya.
EKRANISASI NOVEL KE FILM SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN 2 DENGAN KAJIAN INTERTEKS
Authors: Fadilla Siti , Juned Sulaiman , Nursyirwan Nursyirwan
Published: September 2020

This research to describe and discuss the changes and processes intertext fundamental ekranisasi of the novel to film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. The adaptation of the novel to the film raises some significant changes. The results of the author's interpretation of the novel with Director resulted in a difference in the way the different point of view. The process of ekranisasi the novel to film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 seen aspect of penciutan, additions, and changes. With plots, characters, and the setting in the novel to the film. The method of this research is qualitative deskriprif. The research in the form of the novel and film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. The results of this study indicate that the change of character, plot, and background covering shrinkage, addition and change varies. The process of change is the result of the novel accranation to the movie Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan membahas perubahan interteks yang mendasar dari novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. Adaptasi  novel ke film menimbulkan beberapa perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil interpretasi penulis novel dengan sutradara mengakibatkan perbedaan cara pandang yang berbeda. Proses ekranisasi novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 dilihat dari aspek penciutan, penambahan, serta perubahan bervariasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menganalisis melalui studi kepustakaan. Data Penelitian ini berupa novel dan film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mengindentifikasi dan menemukan data yang meliputi unsur intrinsik pada novel dan film. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa adanya perubahan tokoh, alur, dan latar yang meliputi penciutan, penambahan serta perubahan bervariasi. Proses perubahan tersebut akibat dari ekranisasi novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2.
KAUM SUBALTERN DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL KARYA SOERATMAN SASTRADIHARDJA: SEBUAH KAJIAN SASTRA POSKOLONIAL (SUBALTERN IN NOVELS BY SOERATMAN SASTRADIHARDJA: A POST-COLONIAL LITERATURE STUDY)
Authors: Lestari Winda Dwi , Suwandi Sarwiji , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The research is originally inspired by the problem occurring on colonial era in Indonesia, especially Java area, which remains social strata differences problem in society i.e. native and colonial. Colonial creates hegemony which makes the native and the exile or known as subaltern. Colonizer portrays an ideology as if it takes side of the native. In contrarily it is as a mean to gain profit for the colonial. The research is based on theory developed by GayatriSpivak who proposes that the subaltern victims are mostly women. The research aims to describe how subaltern effort, especially women, in striving against colonizer oppression and also their culture i.e. Javanese culture. The method used in the research is descriptive method and content analysis technique. The result indicates that female character becomes subaltern as a result of marginalization, labeling, social status discrimination and applied customary law bond. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan yang terjadi pada zaman penjajahan kolonial di Indonesia khususnya di daerah Jawa, yang meninggakan permasalahan adanya pembedaan strata sosial dalam masyarakat yaitu kaum pribumi dan kaum penjajah. Kaum penjajah menciptakan hegemoni yang membuat kaum pribumi seolah-olah hanya sebagai pengikut dan kaum buangan yang lebih di kena dengan kaum subaltern. Penjajah menanamkan ideologi yang seolah-olah berpihak kepada pribumi namun sebaliknya hal itu hanya sebagai sarana agar lebih menguntungkan penjajah. Penelitian ini berdasar pada teori yang dikembangkan oleh Gayatri Spivak yang menyatakan bahwa kaum subaltern yang banyak menjadi korban adalah perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskribsikan bagaimana upaya kaum subaltern khususnya perempuan dalam melawan ketertindasan dari penjajah dan juga  budayanya sendiri yaitu budaya Jawa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan menjadi subaltern karena temarginalisasi, mendapat pelabelan, dimiskinkan secara status sosial dan ikatan hukum adat yang berlaku.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM BUKU PANDANGAN ORANG MELAYU TERHADAP ANAK KARYA TENAS EFFENDY (CONCEPT OF CHARACTER BUILDING IN THE BOOK PANDANGAN ORANG MELAYU TERHADAP ANAK BY TENAS EFFENDY)
Authors: Sabakti Sri
Published: September 2020

This study aims to reveal and describe concept of character building in Riau Malay community. The problem that will be studied is what character building contained in the book Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak (Malay View of Children) and how the character education is related to the sociocultural life of the Riau Malay community. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with descriptive approach. The qualitative method is carried out by interpreting the text and presenting it in the form of a description. The quality of interpretation in qualitative methods is associated with the nature of social facts. Therefore, this study also uses the sociology of literature theory. The source of the data in this study is the book of Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak (Malay Views on Children). The result shows that the concept of character building in Riau Malay culture does not only teach character to children but also to parents towards children. Based on the sociology of literature approach, it can also be seen that character building for children in Riau Malay culture is closely related to customs and culture characterized by Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan konsep pendidikan karakter pada masyarakat Melayu Riau. Masalah yang akan diteliti adalah pendidikan karakter apa saja yang terdapat dalam buku Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak dan bagaimana kaitan pendidikan karakter yang tergambarkan dalam buku tersebut dengan kehidupan sosiobudaya masyarakat Melayu Riau. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara penafsirkan teks dan menyajikannya dalam bentuk deskripsi. Kualitas penafsiran dalam metode kualitatif dikaitkan dengan hakikat fakta-fakta sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah buku Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep pendidikan karakter dalam budaya Melayu Riau tidak hanya mengajarkan budi pekerti kepada anak, tetapi juga mengajarkan budi pekerti kepada orang tua terhadap anak. Berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologi sastra juga dapat diketahui bahwa pendidikan karakter kepada anak dalam budaya Melayu Riau berkaitan erat dengan adat dan budaya yang bercirikan Islam.
MEDAN MAKNA PEMBENTUK METAFORA DALAM SYAIR ARAB
Authors: Arianto Ahmad Khoironi
Published: September 2020

This paper examines metaphorical figurative language in Arabic poetry books. The data used is taken from the Diwan Imam Syafi'iy book. The book contains one hundred and thirty poems. Most of them portray moral issues, advice and reflection on the community situation at that time. The poems also use a lot of figurative language, one of them is metaphor. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that includes three stages, that are data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysis. Data collection is conducted by recording the metaphors contained in the book of Diwan Imam Syafi’iy. Analyzing the data is conducted by classifying the type of metaphor, and presenting the data is conducted by writing metaphorical findings into the paper. The research technique is performed by describing three elements forming metaphor according to Taylor, as tenor, vehicle, and ground. The meaning field refers to a comparison as a  figurative, while comparability is the object described. Comparators are classified into nine types of comparison by Haley. Based on a review of the book Diwan Imam Syafi`i, seven types of metaphor comparison are found, as being, cosmos, energy, terrestrial, object, living, and animate.Tulisan ini mengkaji gaya bahasa kiasan metafora dalam buku syair berbahasa Arab. Data yang digunakan diambil dari buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy. Buku itu memuat seratus tiga puluh syair yang sebagian besar memotret soal moral dan nasihat serta refleksi dari keadaan masyarakat pada saat itu. Di dalam syair-syair tersebut banyak digunakan bahasa kiasan, metafora salah satunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang mencakup tiga tahapan, yaitu pengumpulan data, penganalisisan data, dan presentasi hasil analisis data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mencatat metafora yang terkandung dalam buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan jenis metafora dan mempresentasikan temuan-temuan metafora ke dalam makalah. Teknik penelitian dilakukan dengan menguraikan tiga elemen pembentuk metafora menurut Taylor, yaitu pebanding, pembanding, dan persamaan keduanya. Medan makna mengacu pada pembanding yang menjadi kiasan, sedangkan pebanding adalah objek yang dideskripsikan. Pembanding diklasifikasi berdasarkan sembilan jenis pembanding Haley. Berdasarkan tinjauan terhadap buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy, ditemukan tujuh jenis pembanding metafora, yaitu being, cosmos, energy, terrestrial, object, living, dan animate.
DINAMIKA MENUJU KESEJATIAN DIRI PADA TOKOH UTAMA BIDADARI BERMATA BENING KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY (DYNAMICS TOWARDS SELF-SUCCESS IN THE MAIN FIGURE OF BIDADARI BERMATA BENING BY HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY)
Authors: Sidik Umar
Published: September 2020

This study addresses four problems, namely (1) how Ayna overcomes unconsciousness in her; (2) how Ayna can protect her person from the personality that dominates her; (3) how Ayna overcomes the shadow side of herself; and (4) how Ayna gathered courage to face anima and animus in her. This study uses the psychoanalytic approach (archetype) proposed by Carl G. Jung which is related to self-authenticity (the self). Data validity is determined by the validity of the meaning. The analysis is carried out by means of understanding, heuristics, and hermeneutics and meaning to obtain inference according to the purpose of the study. In this study it was found that (1) Ayna represents personalunconscious to provide space for the entry of positive new impulses to encourage self-realization; (2) Ayna acts as a persona when her condition is pressed, namely by revealing her identity when being tried in a boarding school; (3) Ayna makes a harmonious blend or balance between things that are contradictory in her shadow; and (4) Ayna controls herself by suppressing all her shadows and animations to give space for animus emergence so that she can think clearly to save herself. Penelitian ini membahas empat permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana Ayna mengatasi ketidaksadaran (unconscious) dalam dirinya; (2) bagaimana Ayna dapat melindungi personanya dari kepribadian yang mendominasi dirinya; (3) bagimana Ayna mengatasi sisi hitam (shadow) dari dirinya sendiri; dan (4) bagaimana Ayna mengumpulkan keberanian untuk menghadapi anima dan animus dalam dirinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis (arketipe) yang dikemukakan oleh Carl G. Jung yang terkait dengan kesejatian diri (the self). Kesahihan data ditentukan dengan validitas makna. Adapun analisis dilakukan dengan cara pemahaman, heuristik, dan hermeneutik serta pemaknaan untuk memperoleh inferensi sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa (1) Ayna merepresikan ketidaksadaran pribadi (personalunconscious) untuk memberikan ruang masuknya impuls-impuls baru yang positif untuk mendorong terwujudnya realisasi diri; (2)Ayna melakukan tindak persona ketika kondisi dirinya terdesak, yaitu dengan cara membeberkan jati dirinya ketika disidang di pondok pesantren; (3) Ayna membuat perpaduan atau keseimbangan yang harmonis antara hal-hal yang bertentangan dalam bayang-bayang dirinya; dan (4) Ayna mengendalikan diri dengan menekan seluruh bayang-bayang dan animanya untuk memberikan ruang munculnya animus sehingga dapat berpikir jernih untuk menyelamatkan diri.
ANEKDOT TENTANG KEKUASAAN DAN MENTALITAS DALAM CERKAK “KURSI” DAN “LEDHEK” KARYA KRISHNA MIHARJA (ANECDOTE ABOUT AUTHORITY AND MENTALITY IN CERKAK “KURSI” AND “LEDHEK” BY KRISHNA MIHARJA)
Authors: Satiyoko Yohanes Adhi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian “Anekdot tentang Kekuasaan dan Mentalitas dalam Cerkak ““Kursi”” dan ““Ledhek”” karya Krishna Miharja” berusaha melihat bagaimana dialektika individu dengan dunia sosial budaya mereka melalui tokoh utama  Den Lurah dan Ledhek Kuning dalam memperoleh dan menjalankan fungsi sosial mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menjelaskan dialektika antara tokoh-tokoh cerita tersebut dan dunia sosial budaya mereka melalui tiga momen simultan, yaitu eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi dalam kerangka sosiologi pengetahuan Peter Berger. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan pembacaan terhadap kedua cerkak tersebut melalui perwatakan tokoh, latar, dan alur, kemudian menemukan tipifikasi atau perlambangan fungsional yang dapat ditafsirkan menjadi sebuah simpulan yang dapat dipaparkan menjadi sebuah ekspresi dialektis dalam momen eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi tokoh utama dengan dunia sosial budayanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua tokoh utama tersebut tidak melakukan interaksi yang benar dalam momen eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi dengan dunia sosial budaya mereka sehingga perjalanan karir mereka berakhir tragis.Research about “Anecdote about Authority and Mentality in Cerkak “Kursi” and “Ledhek” by Krishna Miharja” tries to reveal the dialectic between individuals and their social cultural world through the main character, Den Lurah and Ledhek Kuning in obtaining and running their social functions. The research aims to explain dialectic between those main caharacters and their social cultural through three simultant moments, externalization, objectivation, and internalization in the frame of sociology of knowledge by Peter Berger. The discussuin is conducted by reading to those two cerkaks (Javanese short stories) through characterization, setting, and plot, then by finding functional typifications to be expressed as dialectic expression in moments of externalization, objectivation, and internalization between the main characters and their social cultural worlds. The result shows that those two main characters do not interact properly in the moment of externalization, objectivation, and internalization with their social cultural worlds. It then impacts their carreer to tragic ending.
RANAH PESAN PADA PAPAN PETUNJUK DI OBJEK WISATA DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Purnami Wening Handri
Published: September 2020

This study discusses the use of language on sign boardin tourist object of  DIY.The language on the sign board is interesting to study based on the message domain because it shows peculiarities in language usage. The study aims to describe the form of the message and the realization of speech acts. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The approach is socio-pragmatic, namely registers and pragmatics. The results of the study produce three messages, namely (1) form of'prohibition', (2) form of invitation, and (3) form of suggestion. The three forms of the message have unique vocabularies. Realizations of speech acti imply direct messages and indirect messages.Kajian ini membahas penggunaan bahasa pada papan petunjuk di objek wisata DIY. Bahasa pada papan petunjuk menarik untuk dikaji berdasarkan ranah pesan karena memperlihatkan kekhasan dalam pemakaian bahasa. Kajian bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk ranah pesan dan wujud tindak tutur.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan bersifat sosiopragmatik, yaitu register dan pragmatik. Hasil dari kajian menghasilkantiga pesan, yaitu (1) bentuk ‘melarang’, (2) bentuk ajakan,dan (3) bentuk menyarankan. Ketiga bentuk pesan tersebut memiliki kekhasan kosakata. Wujud tindak tutur menyiratkan pesan langsung dan pesan tidak langsung.
HUMOR DALAM RAMBU LALU LINTAS
Authors: Setiyanto Edi
Published: September 2020

This study discusses about humor in traffic signs. This study discusses three issues, namely the theme of signs, the structure of discourse signs, and the strategy of creating humor. The study is eclectic by utilizing a structural approach and a pragmatic approach. Structural approach to describing the structure of the discourse in order to accommodate humor. Pragmatic approach to describe the theme of signs and strategies for creating humor. This study is qualitative descriptive. Data in the form of humorous traffic signs. Data is obtained by using the refer method, annotated recording technique. Annotations are imposed on the discourse elements that are not in the form of text, for example photos, ornaments, font size, layout. The listening is done online on sites that upload humorous traffic signs. Data that was originally in the form of memes was transcribed by following standard writing rules. After selection, the data used amounted to 31. Based on the study, it was concluded that the element of humor in traffic signs was realized due to the peculiarities of the structure of the discourse. Humor is built because there is a violation of (1) the maxim of quality, (2) the maxim of relevance, and (3) the maximal way. Violation of the maxim of the way regarding violations of submaxim (a) continuity, (b) lack of triviality, and (c) lack of excess.Kajian ini membahas humor dalam rambu lalu lintas. Kajian ini membahas tiga permasalahan, yaitu tema rambu, struktur wacana rambu, dan strategi penciptaan humor. Kajian bersifat eklektik dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan struktural dan pendekatan pragmatik. Pendekatan struktural untuk mendeskripsikan struktur wacana demi terakomodasinya humor. Pendekatan pragmatik untuk mendeskripsikan tema rambu dan strategi penciptaan humor. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Data berupa wacana rambu lalu lintas yang berunsurkan humor. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode simak, teknik catat beranotasi. Anotasi dikenakan pada unsur wacana rambu yang tidak berupa teks, misalnya foto, ornamen, ukuran huruf, tata letak. Penyimakan dilakukan secara online atas situs-situs yang mengunggah rambu lalu lintas berunsur humor. Data yang semula berupa meme ditranskrip dengan mengikuti kaidah penulisan yang baku. Sesudah diseleksi, data yang digunakan berjumlah 31. Berdasarkan kajian, disimpulkan bahwa unsur humor dalam rambu lalu lintas terwujud karena kekhasan struktur wacananya. Humor terbangun karena adanya pelanggaran terhadap (1) maksim kualitas, (2) maksim relevansi, dan (3) maksim cara. Pelanggaran terhadap maksim cara berkenaan dengan pelanggaran terhadap submaksim (a) kelangsungan, (b) ketakambiguan, dan (c) ketakberlebihan.
Encapsulation and characterization of Garcinia atroviridis rinds water extracts loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Yusof N.B. , Abdul Aziz A.
Published: September 2020

Garcinia atroviridis fruit has been shown to express anti-obesity activity as a result of its
bioactive compound, hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA is effective in decreasing appetite,
inhibiting fat synthesis, and reducing body weight. However, HCA is very unstable
towards certain conditions thus limiting its bioavailability. To overcome the issue of HCA
instability, HCA was encapsulated in chitosan (CS) nanoparticles in this study. CS
nanoparticles were prepared based on ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)
as a cross-linking agent. The concentration of chitosan and TPP: chitosan volume ratios
were varied and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized based on zeta potential,
particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and kinetics release. The most optimum
nanoparticle was obtained with a combination of 1.5 mg/mL chitosan with a CS: TPP
volume ratio of 4: 1. Zeta potential was measured by approximately 49 mV. The size of
the particle at optimum condition was found to be 140 nm and the nanoparticle had high
encapsulation efficiency (87.55±5.35%). G. atroviridis extract release from CS
nanoparticles followed either Higuchi or Korsmeyer Peppas kinetic model. FT-IR studies
indicated that G. atroviridis was encapsulated in CS nanoparticles. The present study
revealed that concentration of chitosan, and CS: TPP volume ratio can significantly
change the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles and this provides an avenue for
formulators to engineer CS nanoparticles according to needs.
Inhabiting 'Prosperous Suzhou' through Smart VR - Interrogating an Ancient Artwork and Documents to manifest Tangible and Intangible Heritage
Authors: Brown Andre , Xu QIAOLIANG , Moleta Tane , Schnabel Marc , Rogers Maria
Published: September 2020

The research investigates digital landscape heritage. It
focuses on the application of Virtual Reality (VR) in a game engine.
The aim is to aid the understanding and interpretation of ancient
principles relating to sensitive and appropriate interaction of the built
form and its associated landscape.
BIOMAGNETISM AS FACTOR IN RED BLOOD CELLS DEFORMATION
Authors: A. Abraham
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this manuscript is to report in vitro experiments showing the role of pulsed biomagnetic fields tissues cross-talk between Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and human hairs. Both tissues have been reported to express magnetic properties, ie: RBCs diamagnetic and paramagnetic forces and the hair follicle pulsed diamagnetic forces. This biomagnetic cross-talk is reported as a novel factor in RBCs deformation. In the in vitro experimental model herein used, other forces such as keratin biomagnetism, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the hair shaft may also play a role in the deformation. Presently teardrop red blood cells found in blood smears; and oriented in the same direction are attributed to mechanical artifacts introduced during slide preparations. The data presented in this manuscript supports the new principle of biomagnetic cross talk forces as factor in replicating RBCs deformities.as described in Optical Tweezers Trapping.
MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES OF ZWITTER- ION IN AQUEOUS SUCROSE AND ASCORBIC ACID AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE
Authors: Akhtar Yasmin
Published: September 2020

Density and viscosity of L-Arginine in aqueous sucrose and ascorbic acid  solutions have been determined experimentally at 298 K. The results obtained from density and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate the Hydration number Hn, apparent molar volume фv, partial molal volume ф0v , at infinite dilution, transfer volume ∆ф0tr   and B- coefficient. It has been observed that there exist strong solute-solvent interaction and complex formation between in these ternary systems. The properties of this amino acid in water and aqueous sucrose and ascorbic acid systems are discussed in terms of the charge, size and hydrogen bonding effect.
DYNAMICS OF GROWTH OF ALBIZIA ADIANTHIFOLIA AND ALBIZIA ZYGIA (TWO LOCAL LEGUMINOUS PLANTS WITH RAPID GROWTH) DURING THE REGENERATION OF THE POST-FARMING FALLOW AND DEGRADED SPACES
Authors: Henri Kouassi Kouadio , Hervé Kouassi Roland , Denis-Esdras Amon Ano
Published: September 2020

The threat which is on the forests and wooded spaces of Africa and particularly those of Côte d'Ivoire is accentuated over the years. The quoted leading causes are the land pressure related to demography, the anarchistic exploitation of the forest woody plants and itinerant agriculture. In many cases, the afforestation is the recommended palliative measure. But with which woody plants does one retimber in Côte d'Ivoire? Which assessment are previous initiatives made? On several occasions the exotic woody plants with rapid growth were used without success. The main objective of this study is to identify local woody plants with rapid growths of which the use will contribute to a significant degree to fast regeneration of our forests, degraded spaces and the post-farming fallow. Floristic inventories and measurements were carried out on the stems of Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia in elementary plots of 400 m ² (20m X 20m). Two local arborescent Leguminous plants with rapid growth were identified for this purpose. They were: Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia. The experiments showed that these species reach the maximas of their growth in height and thickness as from nine (9) years. The sowing of the fallow and/or spaces degraded by these woody species supports the fast regeneration of these degraded spaces.
PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) GROWN ON MILDLY ACIDIC LOW FERTILE SOIL AS AFFECTED BY SELECTED ORGANIC-BASED SOIL AMENDMENTS AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZER
Authors: P.A. Babajide , T. B. Akinrinola , Y.B. Oyeyiola , M.O. Okoro-Robinson , T.B. Salami , Adedayo Adesina , A. A. Akindeere
Published: September 2020

Under intensive cropping systems in the tropics, application of chemical fertilizers becomes an apparently indispensable means of replenishing the rapidly depleting soil nutrients. However, the reported side effects of continuous application of synthetic fertilizers on soil and man are now a major concern. Hence, determination of the potentials of some easily exploitable natural or organic-based fertilizer material(s), which can effectively compete with the commonly used synthetic fertilizers like NPK 15-15-15, is a worthwhile scientific approach, not towards improved performance of versatile arable crop like maize, but also for total eradication or alleviation of chemical inputs on tropical soils. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, in the year 2017, to comparatively determine the effects of NPK fertilizer and some selected organic-based fertilizer / ammendments on growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize (Zea mays). Six treatments were introduced, T0 (the control which received no fertilizer application), T1 (NPK fertilizer application), T2 (Tithonia compost application), T3 (Organomineral fertilizer application), T4 (Poultry manure application) and T5 (Cow dung application). All fertilizers were applied at recommended rates. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated thrice. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and were subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Application of different fertilizer materials significantly improved maize performance and nutrient uptakes, compared to the control. Organomineral fertilizer application produced the highest values of most of the growth and yield parameters measured. Although, the values obtained were mostly not significantly different from other fertilizer materials tested (except for cow dung, which was in some cases, significantly lower in values than other fertilizers tested, but significantly higher than the control (which steadily had the least values of all the parameters measured). Such significant increments may be due to the cherished attributes of organomineral fertilizer (some its nutritious fractions may be rapidly released while remaining fractions may be slowly released, over a long period of time). Hence, application of organomineral is therefore recommended. This will considerably reduce chemical loads on the soil in the study area. Meanwhile, in order to be purely organic in maize production, either composted tithonia or poultry manure is recommended for the study area. This will not only prevent total dependence on harmful and highly priced chemical fertilizers, but may promote improved soil nutrition and hygienic crop productivity.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME(PCOS), AWARENESS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS, QASSIM UNIVERSITY, QASSIM REGION, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Bassam Noura Mohammed Al , Ali Sarah , Rahman Syed Raziur
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects a woman’s hormone levels and it is said to be the most common female syndrome. Affects between 4-8% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. Methods: A Quantitative observational cross-sectional study, we recruited 350 students of Qassim University selected using random sampling according to the inclusive criteria (age between 18-25 years). An online questionnaire designed in Arabic to facilitate the data collection, and university students, participated voluntarily. Statistical data entry and analysis of results was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Our sample size was 350 Qassim University students whose ages were between 18-25 years. 71% (n=248) Students heard about the PCOS, 49% of them heard about the symptoms from other people (mother, sister, cousin, etc.).  The presence of the symptoms of PCOS among these students was as, the most common symptoms were Hair loss 74%, Mood swing 67%, Acne 61%, and the least common symptom was Voice change 8%.  The prevalence of the syndrome among the university students was found to be 12% of these 350 students suffer from PCOS (diagnosed). Conclusion: 71% of studens were aware about the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 12% of students suffered from PCOS. Most common symptoms reported was Irregular menstrual cycle, 87%, and the least common symptom was Voice change 13%. 62 % of the students who suffered from PCOS were taking treatments based on hormonal therapy and surgical intervention. Attitude and Practices showed misconceptions about PCOS, and a need for awareness.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Authors: Choudhury Semanti
Published: September 2020

In most parts of the world, especially in the developing nations, the poor face challenges that impair their conditions and limit their opportunities. In order for growth to be inclusive, it should benefit all sectors of the economy while reducing the disadvantages faced by the poor and the underprivileged, as well as ensuring equitable opportunities for all economic participants. In the context of a developing country like India where a major portion of the population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, agricultural development forms an important part of any growth measure. One of the many alternative strategies for attaining inclusive growth is through developing an inclusive financial system. Financial inclusion is instrumental to facilitate economic transaction, manage day-to-day resources, protect against vulnerability, improve quality of life, make productivity-enhancing investments and leverage assets. However, in the Indian agricultural scenario, financial inclusion is faced by various impediments. This paper analyses the significance of financial inclusion and social sector expenditure in the rural economy in promoting agricultural development and inclusive growth in India, and infers with the help of a proposition made in a constructed general equilibrium model. It also offers certain policy prescriptions in this domain.