bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causality assessment of adverse events following immunization: the problem of multifactorial pathology
Authors: Bellavite Paolo
Published: April 2020

The analysis of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) is important in a balanced epidemiological evaluation of vaccines and in the issues related to vaccine injury compensation programs. The majority of adverse reactions to vaccines occur as excessive or biased inflammatory and immune responses. These unwanted phenomena, occasionally severe, are associated with many different endogenous and exogenous factors, which often interact in complex ways. The confirmation or denial of the causal link between an AEFI and vaccination is determined pursuant to WHO guidelines, which propose a four-step analysis and algorithmic diagramming. The evaluation process from the onset considers all possible “other causes” that might explain the AEFI and thus exclude the role of the vaccine. Subsequently, even if there was biological plausibility and temporal compatibility for a causal association between the vaccine and the AEFI, the guidelines ask to look for any possible evidence that the vaccine could not have caused that event. Such an algorithmic method presents several concerns that are discussed here, in the light of the multifactorial nature of the inflammatory and immune pathologies induced by vaccines, including emerging knowledge of genetic susceptibility to adverse effects. It is proposed that the causality assessment could exclude a consistent association of the adverse event with the vaccine only when the presumed "other cause" is independent of an interaction with the vaccine. Furthermore, the scientific literature should be viewed not as an exclusion criterion but as a comprehensive analysis of all the evidence for or against the role of the vaccine in causing an adverse reaction. Given these inadequacies in the evaluation of multifactorial diseases, the WHO guidelines need to be reevaluated and revised. These issues are discussed in relation to the laws that, in some countries, regulate the mandatory vaccinations and the compensation for those who have suffered serious adverse effects.
Gender-based violence: Experiences from two tertiary care settings in Sri Lanka
Authors: Pathiraja Dasuni Yahanika , Pathiraja Ramya  Priyanwada , Senanayake Lakshmen , Edirisinghe Rukshani Mayawanthi , Mapitigama Nethanjalie
Published: April 2020

Background: This study aimed to obtain an overview of survivors of gender-based violence GBV who seek care, different types and consequences of (GBV), their modes of referral, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrators, health-seeking behavior of the care-seekers and the service provided by GBV Care Centers in two tertiary care settings

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 at two GBV care centers in a Women’s Hospital and a General Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Sociodemographic details of care-seekers, referral methods, types of violence experienced and their consequences, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrator, health seeking behavior of those seeking care, and the services provided, were obtained from the hospital records. 

Results: Records from all care seekers (n=495 women, no men) were obtained, and 488 were suitable for analysis. More women presented with GBV to the Women’s Hospital compared to the General Hospital (395 vs 93, p<0.001), and there were significant differences in modes of referral between the two hospitals. A large majority had suffered emotional and economic violence, although physical or sexual violence were the reasons for referral to the centers. Suicidal tendencies had been reported by 20%. In 94.2% of cases the husband, lover or partner was the perpetrator. Physical violence was more likely in married women, those who did not report a stable relationship, and in those who were employed. Of the 488 women, 37% were pregnant at the time of violence. Most of the women had confided with another female about the violence. Less than 5% came for follow-up.

Conclusions: GBV care services should be offered in all hospitals, especially those providing maternity and gynaecological care. Emotional and economic violence are common but often overlooked. There is a need to increase public awareness about GBV.
A pneumococcal controlled human infection model in Malawi: Transfer of an established pneumococcal carriage model from Liverpool, UK to Blantyre, Malawi – A feasibility study
Authors: Morton Ben , Burr Sarah , Jambo Kondwani , Rylance Jamie , Henrion Marc Y.R. , Banda Ndaziona Peter , Nsomba Edna , Kapumba Blessings , Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Masesa Clemens , Ferrreira Daniela , Gordon Stephen B. ,   MARVELS Consortium
Published: April 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation.  As asymptomatic colonisation of the human nasopharynx is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease, this is proposed as a marker for novel vaccine efficacy. Our team established a safe and reproducible pneumococcal controlled human infection model at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM). This has been used to test vaccine induced protection against nasopharyngeal carriage for ten years in over 1000 participants.

We will transfer established standardised operating procedures from LSTM to Malawi and test in up to 36 healthy participants. Primary endpoint: detection of the inoculated pneumococci by classical culture from nasal wash recovered from the participants after pneumococcal challenge. Secondary endpoints: confirmation of robust clinical and laboratory methods for sample capture and processing. Tertiary endpoints: participant acceptability of study and methods. We will test three doses of pneumococcal inoculation (20,000, 80,000 and 160,000 colony forming units [CFUs] per naris) using a parsimonious study design intended to reduce unnecessary exposure to participants. We hypothesise that 80,000 CFUs will induce nasal colonisation in approximately half of participants per established LSTM practice.

The aims of the feasibility study are: 1) Establish Streptococcus pneumoniae experimental human pneumococcal carriage in Malawi; 2) Confirm optimal nasopharyngeal pneumococcal challenge dose; 3) Confirm safety and measure potential symptoms; 4) Confirm sampling protocols and laboratory assays; 5) Assess feasibility and acceptability of consent and study procedures. Confirmation of pneumococcal controlled human infection model feasibility in Malawi will enable us to target pneumococcal vaccine candidates for an at-risk population who stand the most to gain from new and improved vaccine strategies.
Making health economic models Shiny: A tutorial
Authors: Smith Robert , Schneider Paul
Published: April 2020

Health economic evaluation models have traditionally been built in Microsoft Excel, but more sophisticated tools are increasingly being used as model complexity and computational requirements increase. Of all the programming languages, R is most popular amongst health economists because it has a plethora of user created packages and is highly flexible. However, even with an integrated development environment such as R Studio, R lacks a simple point and click user interface and therefore requires some programming ability. This might make the switch from Microsoft Excel to R seem daunting, and it might make it difficult to directly communicate results with decisions makers and other stakeholders.

The R package Shiny has the potential to resolve this limitation. It allows programmers to embed health economic models developed in R into interactive web browser based user interfaces. Users can specify their own assumptions about model parameters and run different scenario analyses, which, in the case of regular a Markov model, can be computed within seconds. This paper provides a tutorial on how to wrap a health economic model built in R into a Shiny application. We use a four-state Markov model developed by the Decision Analysis in R for Technologies in Health (DARTH) group as a case-study to demonstrate main principles and basic functionality.

A more extensive tutorial, all code, and data are provided in a GitHub repository.
Reconstruction of Soft-Tissue Defect Around the Knee Using a Pedicled Reverse-Flow Anterolateral Thigh Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Jang Nam , Shin Hyun Woo , Yoon Kun Chul
Published: April 2020

Coverage of traumatic soft-tissue defects around the knee is a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons though many reconstructive options are available. We planned to use a pedicled reverse-flow anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap using the distal branch of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) for pedicle length extension in a patient with the ALT perforator branch originating from the proximal portion of the descending branch of LCFA. We present the successful use of a pedicled reverse-flow ALT flap to cover a soft tissue defect around the knee.
The Adequacy of Evaluation by Rheumatologists before Undergoing Arthroscopic Synovectomy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Jeon Neunghan , Kim Hyun Jun , Park Min Jong
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the progression of arthritis and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) through the treatment-resistant mono joint rheumatoid arthritis treated with arthroscopic synovectomy.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 65 patients who underwent arthroscopic synovectomy for rheumatoid wrist or elbow which had not responded to systemic treatment for at least 6 months. The main treatment response evaluation methods of rheumatologists were the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria, and the ACR/EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) remission criteria. The medical records, results of laboratory tests and radiographs of wrist or elbow that had been performed by rheumatologists before arthroscopic synovectomy were investigated. We examined whether the results of laboratory tests and arthritic change of radiograph had statistically significant correlation. Results: The mean duration of joint symptom until referral to orthopedic department was 23 months (range, 1 month to 9.2 years). During this period, rheumatologists had took average one X-ray (range, 0–3). Forty-seven patients (72.3%) had CRP of 1 mg/dL or less as included in the ACR/EULAR remission criteria. Seventeen out of 65 patients who had two or more X-ray were able to evaluate the progression of arthritis. The change of arthritis and mean ESR (p=0.787) or CRP (p=0.303) the same period didn’t have statistically significant relationship (Spearman correlation analysis).Conclusion: Since the method of evaluating the treatment response of rheumatologists is to assess the systemic condition, arthritis of one joint that is resistant to treatment is considered to require periodic radiographs as method to assess itself.
Compression Neuropathy of the Ulnar Nerve due to the Accessory Abductor Digiti Minimi at Guyon’s Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Junsang , Kim Je Kyun , Whang Joing Ick
Published: April 2020

Guyon’s canal syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve that occurs at the wrist. Compression can be caused by many conditions, such as benign tumors, repeated occupational trauma, vascular lesions, fractures of the carpal bones, rheumatoid arthritis and anomalous hypothenar muscle at Guyon's canal. Here, the authors report a case of compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve by the accessory abductor digiti minimi muscle (AADM), one of the anomalous hypothenar muscles, at Guyon's canal. The case report is accompanied by a literature review.
Autogenous Inlay Bone Graft for Distal Humerus Nonunion with Metaphyseal Bone Defect: A Technical Note
Authors: Lee Yong-Suk , Kim Dongmin , Kang Min-Sung , Park Jong-Hwa , Lee Sang-Uk
Published: April 2020

Distal humeral nonunion is one of the most concerned complications in elbow trauma. When bone loss at the fracture site is carried out due to nonunion, metaphyseal bone defect occurs. Therefore positioning of anatomical locking plate becomes difficult owing to abnormal bone contour, and fixation of small nonunion fragment is challenging. We introduce a good method of anatomical locking plate fixation with autogenous inlay strut bone graft for internal fixation. This technique is to insert autogenous inlay bone into the proximal medullary canal and hole of distal bone fragment which will lead to achieve correction of the anatomical alignment, length and rotation deformity. The inlay grafting is reduced to the shaft with two crossed K-wires temporarily. Definitive fixation is performed with locking plates, and autogenous bone graft is added at the defect site.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Occult Surgical Neck Fracture Accompanying Isolated Greater Tuberosity Fracture of Humerus
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Park Il-jung , Park Il-kyu , Yoon Seok-joon , Han Young-hoon , Jeong Changhoon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: An occult surgical neck fracture can be accompanied in isolated greater tuberosity fracture of humerus. The risk factors of occult surgical neck fracture in isolated greater tuberosity fracture were statistically analyzed. Methods: From 2008 to 2017, 74 patients with isolated greater tuberosity fracture of humerus were selected. The occult surgical neck fracture was evaluated by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into two groups, those with isolated greater tuberosity fractures (group I) and isolated greater tuberosity fractures with occult surgical neck fracture (group II). For the risk factor analysis, the age, sex, underlying disease, injury mechanism, and body mass index between the two groups were compared. Radiologically, fracture pattern, the amount of displacement, and the presence and direction of the shoulder joint dislocation were compared.Results: In multivariate analysis, factors independently related to the occurrence of occult surgical neck fractures were gender and whether or not the joint dislocation. In women (odds ratio [OR]=14.806; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.188–184.503; p=0.036) and in cases where no joint dislocation occult surgical neck fracture (OR=0.018; 95% CI, 0.001–0.271; p=0.004) was accompanied more frequently and occurred statistically.Conclusion: Care must be taken in cases of female and the absence of shoulder dislocation in isolated greater tuberosity fracture because of the possibility of occult surgical neck fracture.
A Pnyx of Research Fields
Authors: Bellón Aguilera José Luis
Published: April 2020

This article conveys the objectives and results of an international and multidisciplinary − or interdisciplinary − research project still in operation, until the end of 2018. Based in the University of Cádiz (Spain), this project deals with ancient, modern and contemporary discussions, representations and narratives of Democracy, focusing on the contrast and comparison between a democratic system based on sortition, namely − broadly speaking − selection by lot to public offices and representative democracy. The article discusses the relevance of the investigation, the applicability of the results and the real effects of the actionresearch part. It also argues that − paradoxically − scientific autonomy is indispensable if that kind of research seeks to achieve tangible impact in society and its political fields. In short, this article asks about the inevitable fragility of the interaction between ethics, political commitment, and investigative objectiveness in humanities and social sciences.
"El ángel descuidado", de Eduardo Mendicutti, como herramienta para abordar el tema de la homosexualidad y la religión en la clase de literatura en una universidad polaca
Authors: Grzyś Olga
Published: April 2020

"El ángel descuidado" by Eduardo Mendicutti as a Tool to Address the Issue of Homosexuality and Religion in the Literature Class at a Polish University

According to the new edition of ILGA-Europe’s annual review, Poland ranks second in the list of most homophobic countries in the European Union. Among the causes of this situation are reasons like ignorance, fear of the Other, multiple stereotypes based on the Polish collective imagination and religious motives. The last factor is of great significance in a country as religiously homogeneous as Poland, in which Catholic morals penetrate all spheres of life of its citizens. During my teaching career I have noticed a strong need among my students for an honest and thorough debate about homoerotic attraction, which in many of them provokes rejection or even repulsion. As a starting point for the discussion, I propose the reading of the novel El ángel descuidado by the Spanish writer Eduardo Mendicutti. The book tells the story of two young seminarians who live their first love in the bosom of a religious institution. The main objective of my text is to present the current situation of gays and lesbians in Poland along with the attitude of Polish society and politicians towards the LGBTQ community, to deliberate on a supposed conflict between Catholic morality and homosexuality, to analyze possible reactions of students of Hispanic Philology to the novel of Mendicutti and to meditate on the role of literature in the construction of a just and egalitarian society.
Nuevas cartografías del humanismo a partir de la escritura
Authors: Bruña Bragado María José
Published: April 2020

New Writing’s Cartographies of Humanism: Chilean Literary Resistances: Nona Fernández and Alia Trabucco Testimonial and Fiction

Writings of recent past, especially traumatic recent past, have effects and impacts in our complex contemporary times. This confusing, disenchanted, liquid present is the mark of neoliberalism and biopolitics in bodies and minds (“threaten eros”, Byung Chul-Han said). However, we can find an answer to death, pain and ideological scepticism and individualism in a community of affection (Berardi, Emmelhainz), in the pleasure of language, in humor or lightness (Todorov Calvino). The way to access knowledge is diverse and social and poetic memories can be more interesting than historical documents. The trauma of Chilean postdictatorship is written and told by contemporary narrative in a mixture of fantastic and realistic engagement. These writers are part of the postmemory generation (Hirsch). Mapocho (2002) by Nona Fernández and La resta by Alia Trabucco are the books who can help us to draw a possible map of some Chilean literary resistance.
Habla el policía: Polifonia novelesca y debate democrático en algunas novelas españolas sobre el franquismo y la Transición
Authors: Pluta Nina
Published: April 2020

The Policeman Speaks: Novel Polyphony and Democratic Debate in Some Spanish Novels about Francoism and the Transition In recent years a new orientation in the Spanish political memory (a shift from the tendency towards forgetting conflicts to the claims for recognition for all victims) can also be noticed in a significant number of literary works. Many novels offer a broad coverage of social discourses and engage in the process of negotiations over a critical period in the 20th century history of Spain, namely the “Transition” from the late francoism era to democracy. This paper analyses fragments of three contemporary novels (La caída de Madrid by Rafael Chirbes, El vano ayer by Isaac Rosa, and El día de mañana by Ignacio Martínez de Pisón) whose authors give voice to an ambiguous character -- a policeman from the Francoist period. He makes attempts to justify his work and his support for the regime. These fictional utterances are studied from the perspective of certain theories of literary dialogism and literary poliphonic devices. The final question is whether it is reasonable to expect any social impact of such literary representations of “democratic” dialogues.
El taller de teatro: un reto para el aprendizaje ELE en sinohablantes
Authors: Ballespí Villagrasa Mercè
Published: April 2020

Theatre Workshop: A Challenge for Chinese Students Learning Spanish as a Second or a Foreign Language

Based on a specific teaching experience, this paper reveals some specific factors for learning language and Spanish culture during the process of creating a theatre workshop with a group of students from China. Since 2013, the University of Lleida (Spain) through the Diploma of Hispanic Studies (DEH) and the collaboration of Aula Municipal de Teatre of Lleida has taught theatre workshops previously with public presentation conducted entirely in Spanish, with Chinese students who not only want linguistic immersion in Hispanic environment, but also cultural. The advantages and the results obtained are detailed thanks to the use of dramatic expression in the learning of Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE) as well as the difficulties, the didactics and the methodology used during four academic courses with 75 Chinese students.
The Maxillary Sinus: What the General Dental Team Need to Know Part 1: Paranasal Sinus Physiology, Infective Disease and Diagnosis of Pain
Authors: Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Darcey James C , Campbell Collin
Published: April 2020

This first paper of a four-part series guides the dental team through paranasal sinus physiology and how muco-ciliary clearance is interrupted in disease, particularly infection. The role of acute rhinosinal infection is discussed in relation to orofacial pain and headache. The broad differential diagnosis of what many patients regard as sinus-related pain is discussed, emphasizing the importance of the patient history and clinical examination to reach a correct diagnosis and to avoid inappropriate antibiotic prescription or unnecessary surgery.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many patients relate their chronic facial pain and headaches to disorders of their sinuses simply because the pain overlies the location of the paranasal sinuses. Following diagnostic criteria, and application of such to reach an accurate diagnosis, will improve patient care. Inter-specialty co-operation is essential in the management of chronic orofacial pain and headaches.
Displacement of Lower Third Molar into the Parapharyngeal Space during Extraction
Authors: Finan Leah , Jebril Ahmed , Kumar Anand , Srinivasan Dilip
Published: April 2020

Lingual displacement of lower third molar teeth is a well-recognized complication of extraction. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a displaced lower third molar tooth into the parapharyngeal space during extraction. A 44-year-old man was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department by his dentist immediately after the event. The case was managed intra-orally under general anaesthetic. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of lower third molars being displaced during extraction. This article outlines how clinicians should plan the procedure appropriately, take steps to prevent displacements, and how to manage the situation should it arise.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Displacement is a risk associated with extraction of lower third molar teeth. This risk can be minimized with proper planning and careful execution of the extraction. It is important that the clinician knows this and how to deal with a displaced tooth in practice.
Treatment with Invisalign® in specialist practice
Authors: Henrikson Thor
Published: April 2020

Orthodontic treatment with Invisalign® can produce a high quality treatment outcome. As in all orthodontic methods, however, there is a steep learning curve. The most important factor is for the clinician responsible for the case to take full control when planning and working with the case using the ClinCheck software. Since aligners are removable, another important factor for treatment success is, of course, patient compliance. In moderate open bite cases, when vertical control is extremely important, in the opinion of the author, Invisalign® is now the preferred treatment choice over fixed appliance treatment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To understand that it is possible to perform high-quality orthodontics with Invisalign®. However, to achieve good results, it is important to take full control in the ClinCheck process when planning the treatment.
CADERNO DE CROQUIS E SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO CRIATIVO
Authors: Diniz Luciana Nemer
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência didática desenvolvida na Escolade Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFF. O projeto de monitoria no qual o artigo sebaseia, consiste na elaboração de uma apostila sobre caderno de croquis e naanálise da prática do croqui no desenvolvimento criativo dos alunos da disciplinaExpressão Gráfica. O caderno de croqui é relevante em diversas profissões, emespecial na arquitetura e no urbanismo. Este artigo expõe diversas maneiras de se adquirir um caderno. Em sequência, apresenta a divisão de três categorias dedesenho que têm mais decorrência nas representações dos arquitetos: desenhosde figura humana, de vegetação e de arquitetura. Cada categoria é dissertadaquanto a sua utilidade nas representações e nas técnicas de esboço elacionadas. No texto há amostras de croquis de alguns arquitetos renomados e dos alunos dadisciplina. A análise da prática do croqui no desenvolvimento dos alunos foi feita a partir da distribuição de cadernos confeccionados pela monitora e da aplicação dos exercícios da apostila elaborada por Matheus Freire Bastos, também monitor no ano de 2013. Tais exercícios têm relação com a temática da aula, portanto servem como ferramenta de aquecimento para a atividade principal aplicada no dia.
HISTÓRIA EM AQUARELAS
Authors: Rangel Felipe Augusto Barreto
Published: April 2020

Atento à diversidade de usos das fontes históricas, este artigo enfoca algumasexperiências de pesquisa que tivemos com fontes inquisitoriais, especialmente no que concerne à produção de ilustrações em aquarela. Através da narrativa de um caso de sacrilégio presente nas documentações produzidas pelo Santo Ofícioportuguês, ocorrido no Recôncavo da Bahia, no início do século XVIII, nossoobjetivo é refletir sobre o referido caso, através da construção de imagens sobre o mesmo. Analisamos estes experimentos, tratando-os enquanto uma linguagemdiferenciada a ser utilizada no bojo da construção do conhecimento histórico. Vale dizer que não temos a pretensão de teoriza-las exaustivamente a partir dasdiscussões do campo da história da arte e semiótica, por exemplo. Nossa intenção é de contribuir com os debates acerca da produção e utilização de imagens na pesquisa histórica, partindo da particularidade de nossas experiências. Estaremos amparados principalmente pelas perspectivas indiciárias (Carlo Ginzburg, 1989, 2006) e de análise e compreensão de imagens (Martine Joly, 1996), atentos à importância do cuidado com os detalhes (indícios) presentes nas documentações geradas no âmbito das repressões religiosas
REFLEXÕES SOBRE ERGONOMIA E DESIGN EMOCIONAL: RELAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS PARA O DESENHO DE NOVOS PRODUTOS
Authors: Silveira Carina Santos
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo são apontadas diferentes perspectivas de abordagem para acompreensão da relação emocional dos sujeitos com os objetos, sejam elasDarwiniana ou evolucionista onde as emoções moldaram-se de forma adaptativadesde os primórdios da existência humana; Jamesiana onde as emoções quevinculam-se a respostas corporais (fisiológicas); sócio-construtivista onde asemoções são respostas às construções sociais; ou cognitivas em que a respostaemocional é dada pela avaliação do indivíduo. Sob tais perspectiva busca-se umlastro de reflexão sobre o novo olhar para o desenho, no que tange aodesenvolvimento de novos produtos. Contextualiza-se aqui que as emoções sãointrínsecas à relação homem-tarefa-máquina.
LEVANTAMENTO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS ÉTNICO-RACIAIS DA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PARA UTILIZAÇÃO NA CRIAÇÃO DE PERSONAGENS PARA ANIMAÇÕES NO ENSINO DA ARTE
Authors: Favero Daiane Souza
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho consiste em levantar características fenotípicas étnico-raciais dapopulação brasileira para o desenvolvimento de animações que contribuam para oensino da arte. A partir da compreensão de como o ensino da arte possibilita aconstrução de conhecimento e como a animação pode potencializar o seu ensinoaprendizagem, o percurso teórico deste levantamento foi concebido por meio da concepção e realização de uma pesquisa imagética de perfis enquadrados nasraças estabelecidas pelo IBGE. É apresentado o método utilizado para aidentificação das características fenotípicas de cada raça e um banco com a reuniãode todos os traços fenotípicos pertencentes a cada uma das raças especificadas.Dado o exposto, a pesquisa recomenda a utilização das característicasapresentadas para a concepção de personagens étnico-raciais em animações quebuscam potencializar o ensino da arte.
CULTURA E PRESERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL: O MÉXICO E O LEGADO CULTURAL NAS OBRAS DE FRIDA KAHLO
Authors: Silva Sara Cristina da
Published: April 2020

Objetiva-se através do presente artigo, descrever alguns elementos da culturamexicana presentes em duas obras pictóricas da artista mexicana Frida Kahlo,destacando-as como registros da cultura de um povo em um determinado contextosocial. Salientando o conceito de cultura, as relações entre as artes e o PatrimônioCultural, além das distinções entre o Patrimônio Cultural material e o imaterial,abordando algumas das instituições responsáveis pela preservação do patrimôniomexicano.
O USO DO GÊNERO TEXTUAL LÍRICO HINO NO ESTUDO DA HISTÓRIA DAS CIDADES
Authors: Marques Porto Adaury Santana
Published: April 2020

A prática docente atual complexa e desafiadora, e as relações em sala de aula, exigem novas discussões e ações. Esta realidade é vivenciada de forma mais impactante no Ensino Fundamental II em relação à área de História. Na tarefa de atender ao que diz a legislação sobre o ensino da disciplina no país, outras metodologias, novos olhares, diferentes estratégias e linguagens devem serincorporadas ao processo de ensino de História. Nesse cenário de mudanças socioculturais e educacionais, o papel do professor de História é estabelecer relações interativas, permitindo que o educando seja colocado como protagonista do processo e assim, consiga elaborar suas representações sobre os saberes, sobre os objetos do ensino e da aprendizagem. Com esse objetivo,tem-se como proposta trabalhar o conteúdo história da cidade, através de uma sequência didática que utilize o gênero textual lírico hino para abordar as origens, o povoamento e desenvolvimento da cidade de Feira de Santana.
O ENSINO DO DESENHO E ILUSTRAÇÃO DE MODA NA PRÁTICA DA EXTENSÃO
Authors: Araújo Aderlange Sousa
Published: April 2020

O desenho é de grande importância para o profissional de moda, especialmenteaquele que desenvolve produtos. Entretanto, a realização de desenhos profissionais requer o domínio de técnicas que facilitem o entendimento da peça criada. O objetivo do curso de extensão é ensinar as técnicas manuais tradicionais de desenho e ilustração, e também exercitar a capacidade imaginativa, de abstração e memória visual. A metodologia adotada no curso foi dividida em três etapas, nas quais contaram com aulas teóricas e práticas sobre desenhos e ilustrações de moda. Dos resultados obtidos na primeira etapa foram feitos diagnósticos, nos quais apontaram erros de observação do desenho (50%), criação do traço (75%), sombreado (90%), erros no formato do corpo (75%) e desproporção da figura humana (100%). Na segunda etapa os resultados obtidos foram, melhoria no traço, no sombreado e na proporção exata do corpo humano, obedecendo a grade humana de 8 cabeças e meias. Na última etapa foram atingidos resultados significativos acerca da manipulação das técnicas de aplicação de cores, trabalhando o sombreado, a proporção e os diferentes métodos de ilustração. Com isso, conclui-se que os discentes que participaram de todas as etapas do curso obtiveram melhores desempenhos e desenhos profissionais que poderão no futuro ser absorvidos pelo mercado local de moda.
O DESENHO COMO PRÁTICA DE INVESTIGAÇÃO CIENTIFICA: DA PERCEPÇÃO AO DESENHO REGISTRO
Authors: Sobral Poliana Santiago
Published: April 2020

Este estudo é fruto de uma investigação no campo interdisciplinar entre asCiências Biológicas e o Desenho, e objetivou analisar o caminho entre apercepção e a produção de uma ilustração científica, abordando aspectosfilosóficos e gráficos. Artavés da adoção de um olhar fenomenológico acerca dapercepção e da contribuição de alguns autores quanto às ideias de Desenho e deIlustração Científica, pôde-se entender este tipo de ilustração como uminstrumento possibilitador de um discurso científico sobre a natureza, à medidaque nasce da percepção traduzida em elementos gráficos, e não como uma merarepresentação da realidade.
O DESENHO E AS HQS: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO DA CORPORALIDADE DA PERSONAGEM MULHER MARAVILHA
Authors: Santos Maurício de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como enfoque a análise da figura da personagem MulherMaravilha, na perspectiva do ethos nas HQs da Liga da Justiça da editora DCComics. Para tanto, é feita uma abordagem histórica desde a retórica dos sofistas,a arte retórica de Aristóteles, até os pressupostos teóricos de Maingueneau (2001)e Amossy (2016) para compreender a proposta da análise. Objetiva verificar deque forma a análise do ethos em torno da personagem Mulher Maravilha persuade os leitores por meio de sua imagem; analisar os quadrinhos a partir das estruturas gráficas que compõe a corporalidade da heroína. Este projeto trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico do tipo aplicado e descritivo com uso de documentação direta. Quanto ao corpus, foram selecionados três materiais bibliográficos, do gênero quadrinhos, com os respectivos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2016 para fazer a análise do ethos discursivo feminino na personagem em questão. O desenvolvimento do presente artigo possibilitou uma análise do material à luz dos pressupostos teóricos e por meio da coleta de dados descrever os elementos persuasivos em torno do ethos na corporalidade da Mulher Maravilha nas HQs, permitindo, então, que os objetivos propostos fossem alcançados.
ARTE E CIDADE: ESPAÇOS DE PRODUÇÃO, VEICULAÇÃO E INTERATIVIDADE NAS CIDADES DE CACHOEIRA E SÃO FÉLIX- BA
Authors: Silva Tatiele de Souza
Published: April 2020

As cidades de Cachoeira e São Félix, localizadas no Recôncavo da Bahia,consideradas “cidades monumentos nacional” pelo Instituto do PatrimônioHistórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), possuem, através de sua historicidade,reconhecimento nacional e internacional. Com importantes aspectos históricos,apresentam uma vasta herança cultural e artística. De um lado, uma paisagemarquitetônica, colonial e secular; de outro, uma produção contemporânea seguindo influências étnicas, modernas e migratórias. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal mapear os espaços de produção e veiculação das artes visuais nessas cidades, de dezembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, a partir da identificação, localização e registro das atividades exercidas por eles, além de refletir sobre o impacto desses espaços para o circuito de artes local. O trabalho elenca 29 espaços, os principais tipos de linguagem estética produzidas por eles, e aborda as principais estratégias de uso: ateliês, galerias, museus, centro deeducação em artes e outros. No tocante à metodologia, foram utilizados os métodos Análise e síntese, Analítico comparativo e procedimentos metodológicos consistindo em sínteses de bibliografia, pesquisa de campo – que incluiu aplicação de questionário e registros fotográficos – e, por fim, o processamento e análise de dados que apontou a existência sumária destes espaços no circuito paisagístico.
O TABULEIRO DE ACARAJÉ COMO ESPAÇO DE ENFRENTAMENTO IDEOLÓGICO ENTRE AS PRÁTICAS AFROBRASILEIRAS E EVANGÉLICAS
Authors: Portugal Roberta Rosa
Published: April 2020

O objeto de análise deste estudo é o tabuleiro de acarajé e o nosso intento é refletirsobre o processo de produção de sentidos, a partir da análise de fotografias quemostram a filiação ideológica do tabuleiro às práticas afro-brasileiras e evangélicas. A análise será efetuada segundo a perspectiva dos estudos culturais, linguagem visual e Análise do discurso, mas porá ênfase no aspecto gráfico, visto que nos dará suporte teórico para interpretar a variação da configuração gráfica do tabuleiro e permitirá comprovar a influência de interpelações ideológicas nessa mutabilidade visual.
DONALD NA MATEMAGICALÂNDIA: O USO DA HQ NA DISCIPLINA DE DESENHO
Authors: Tavares José Rodolfo Ribeiro
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho visa apresentar um breve histórico sobre a origem das HQs e autilização do quadrinho Donald na Matemagicalândia na disciplina de Desenho,apontando fragmentos da estória onde se aplicam conceitos geométricos ematemáticos e suas possíveis contextualizações na Educação Básica. O artigoreforça a utilização dos quadrinhos, visto que é um meio de comunicação emmassa, que pode vir a ser utilizado como um recurso a mais em sala de aula,buscando instigar o interesse da classe alunada para conteúdos técnicos derepresentação. Os quadrinhos por serem um recurso visual, de baixo custo,também possui uma linguagem textual mais aproximada a dos jovens, instigandoo interesse dos alunos por conteúdos que seriam considerados monótonos sefossem ministrados de forma tradicional. O objetivo desta pesquisa é evidenciar osassuntos do quadrinho selecionado aos ministrados em Desenho Geométrico,reforçando o uso das HQs como ferramentas nas metodologias de ensino.
FERRAMENTAS DE APOIO AO ENSINO DO SKETCHING: UM PANORAMA RECENTE
Authors: Senna Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo, são apresentadas ferramentas e soluções tecnológicas recentes quepodem ser utilizadas no ensino do sketching, com o intuito de auxiliar o docente naexposição dos conteúdos. O estudo, de caráter exploratório, contou, inicialmente,com a descrição dessa forma de representação, amplamente utilizada no Designde Produto. Em seguida, foi conduzida uma busca por publicações em áreas interrelacionadas à pesquisa, tais como: Ciência da Computação e Educação Gráfica. A investigação revelou várias possibilidades que podem potencializar o processo de aprendizagem. Como desfecho, são feitas considerações a respeito dos novos recursos, indicando perspectivas futuras para o ensino na área.
O DESENHO URBANO NA QUESTÃO DO PLANEJAMENTO DA CIDADE EM FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA
Authors: Andrade Mariana Sousa de
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o desenho urbano da cidade de Feira deSantana – Bahia, de acordo com suas transformações, tendo em vista o processode planejamento da cidade. Será discutida a relação da concepção da formaurbana com as estratégias do planejamento através das legislações existentes eatuantes na urbe. Como metodologia, além da revisão bibliográfica, incluindo daslegislações, será feita análise de imagens, como mapas, para compreender adinâmica das transformações urbanas. Através deste estudo, constatou-se que oplanejamento da cidade não é integrado com o desenho urbano consciente emsua totalidade, e, a falta dessa associação é responsável pela formação dediversos problemas na urbe.
NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS E INCLUSÃO SOCIAL NO ENSINO
Authors: Ramos Maria Estela Smolka
Published: April 2020

Os projetos arquitetônicos estão passando pela segunda quebra de paradigmacom os softwares CAD (computer aided design) paramétricos, enquanto que atecnologia tradicional continua sendo usado no ensino de Desenho Técnico. Atecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) pode possibilitar inclusão depessoas com necessidades especiais (NE) nas escolas e no mundo profissional.Pode, ainda, ser agente de superação de possíveis “barreiras subjetivas” daspessoas com NE. Além disso, os estudantes da atualidade já fazem parte dageração dos chamados nativos digitais, para os quais os métodos tradicionais deensino são entendiantes. Percebendo a necessidade de ambientes digitais deaprendizagem, este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica em uma base dedados virtual, objetivando saber o que está sendo estudado sobre ambientesdigitais de aprendizagem na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. A pesquisaidentificou quinze artigos. Destes, oito falam de tecnologia no ensino, mas apenas cinco tratam de Educação mediada por computador. Diante da pouca quantidade de artigos relacionados ao tema, nesta base, e das afirmações encontradas nesses artigos, verifica-se que é preciso fomentar e difundir mais pesquisas no Brasil sobre ensino para essa nova geração, de forma a promover maior aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competências para todos os estudantes
The War of Words: Language as an Instrument of Palestinian National Struggle
Authors: Qutami Loubna , Zahzah Omar
Published: April 2020

This critical set of reflections addresses how the increasing visibility of the Palestinian struggle and the growing attention to Palestine in the (US) academy coincides with altered and depleted meanings for terms and concepts once central to a Palestinian liberation framework. The authors challenge the de-familiarization of the Palestinian political lexicon by ruminating on past, present and potential future meanings for words whose currency, they argue, has assumed a deceptively simple valuation. What are the unforeseen political consequences of visibility, of “incorporation,” and how might these be resisted within the arena of meaning and through the process of reviving language as an instrument of national liberation struggle? Revisiting old definitions of terms and contributing thoughts to the value of words such as Zionism, peace process and negotiations, statehood and violence, the authors contest the boundaries of disciplinary research in service of Palestinian liberation.
Behavioural insights teams in practice: nudge missions and methods on trial
Authors: Ball Sarah , Head Brian W.
Published: April 2020

Behavioural and experimental projects have become increasingly popular with policymakers. Behavioural insights teams have used several policy design and implementation tools drawn from behavioural sciences, especially randomised controlled trials, to test the design of ‘nudge’ interventions. This approach has attained discursive legitimacy in government agencies seeking to use the best available evidence for behaviourally informed, evidence-based policy innovation. We examine the practices of governmental behavioural insights teams in Australia, drawing on two research projects that included interviews with key personnel. We find that teams make strong commitments to using and promoting randomised controlled trials in government policy innovation. Nevertheless, some members of these teams are beginning to appreciate the constraints of relying solely on randomised controlled trials in the development of behavioural public policy. We conclude that while an initial focus on rigorous trials helped behavioural insights teams establish themselves in policymaking, strict adherence may represent a risk to their long-term growth and relevance.
Intimate partner violence within Australian Defence Force families: an exploratory study
Authors: Pollard Rebecca , Ferguson Claire
Published: April 2020

International studies indicate a growing problem of intimate partner violence within military families. Despite this, there has been little research into intimate partner violence perpetrated by Australian Defence Force personnel or veterans. A thematic analysis of secondary data was conducted to explore the organisational and social drivers that influence intimate partner violence occurrences by Australian Defence Force personnel, and how the Australian Defence Force enforces its zero-tolerance policy on domestic violence perpetration. Results revealed that the Australian Defence Force and Department of Veteran Affairs made no statements regarding intimate partner violence as a problem for military personnel, despite this study indicating that this population are at a greater risk of perpetration. The Australian Defence Force attributed intimate partner violence causation to ‘abnormal’ individuals or situations. This ignores the culture of hypermasculinity and emphasis on operational effectiveness that was enforced during Australian Defence Force training, and that emerged as a continuous theme throughout the results.
Asymmetric transmission of light waves in a photonic crystal waveguide heterostructure with complete bandgaps
Authors: Fei Hongming , Zhang Qi , Wu Min , Lin Han , Liu Xin , Yang Yibiao , Zhang Mingda , Guo Ran , Han Xueting
Published: April 2020

Here, we theoretically present an on-chip nanophotonic asymmetric transmission device (ATD) based on the photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide structure with complete photonic bandgaps (CPBGs). The ATD comprises two-dimensional silica and germanium PhCs with CPBGs, within which line defects are introduced to create highly efficient waveguides to achieve high forward transmittance. In the meantime, the total internal reflection principle is applied to block the backward incidence, achieving asymmetric transmission. We optimize the design of the PhCs and the waveguide structure by scanning different structure parameters. The optimized ATD shows a high forward transmittance of 0.581 and contrast ratio of 0.989 at the wavelength of 1582 nm for TE mode. The results deepen the understanding and open up the new possibility in designing novel ATDs. The on-chip ATD will find broad applications in optical communications and quantum computing.
Optomechanical design and simulation of a cryogenic infrared spectrometer
Authors: Li Chengliang , Ding Yalin , Lin Chao , Wei Yuefeng , Zheng Yuquan , Zhang Liu
Published: April 2020

To continuously monitor, identify, and classify a wide range of areas all day and satisfy the hyperspectral remote sensing requirements in disaster reduction, environment, agriculture, forestry, marine, and resource areas, the authors participated in a pre-research program for full spectrum hyperspectral detection in geostationary orbit. As part of the program, the authors designed a cryogenic infrared spectrometer working at the diffraction limit. Such spectrometer complied with prism dispersion, exhibiting a 120 mm long slit, 2.5–5 µm band range, and 50 nm minimum spectral resolution. The spectrometer should overtake a temperature variation of 143 K for its assembly temperature at 293 K and the working temperature at 150 K. Low-temperature invar and carbon fiber were adopted as the framework material. The spectrometer was composed of two reflective Zerodur mirrors and one CaF2 Fery prism. Compensation mounts were developed for the reflective mirrors, while a spring-loaded autocentering cryogenic lens mount was designed for a CaF2 prism. CaF2 material exhibits a large linear expansion coefficient, making its mount difficult to design. The alignment requirements of the system were described, and the calculations that ensure the lenses undergo both appropriate stresses and temperature differences were presented. Structural thermal optical performance analysis was also conducted to assess the degradation in optical performance caused by temperature variation to verify the overall optomechanical design.
Frequency doubling and parametric fluorescence in a four-port aluminum gallium arsenide photonic chip
Authors: Roland I. , Borne A. , Ravaro M. , De Oliveira R. , Suffit S. , Filloux P. , Lemaître A. , Favero I. , Leo G.
Published: April 2020

In this Letter, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a monolithic III–V semiconductor photonic chip, designed to perform nonlinear parametric optical processes for frequency conversion and non-classical state generation. This chip co-integrates an AlGaAs microdisk that is evanescently coupled to two distinct suspended waveguides designed for light injection and collection around 1600 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Quasi-phase matching provided by the resonator geometry and material symmetry, resonant field enhancement, and confinement ensure efficient nonlinear interactions. We demonstrate second-harmonic generation efficiency of

5
%

W

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1

and a biphoton generation rate of 1.2 kHz/µW through spontaneous down-conversion.