bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the defensive profile in breast cancer women: A pilot study
Authors: Di Giuseppe Mariagrazia , Di Silvestre Annarita , Lo Sterzo Rosa , Hitchcott Paul , Gemignani Angelo , Conversano Ciro
Published: June 2019

This study analyzed the defensive functioning and profile of nine breast cancer women and identifies the differences from other cancer patients (N0) in the way they deal with internal conflicts and stressful situations related to the illness. Patients were interviewed and evaluated using the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale Q-sort. Mean differences analysis showed that breast cancer patients use more reaction formation, omnipotence, and rationalization and less idealization of others-image and autistic fantasy, compared with other-site cancer patients. From the qualitative analysis of the defensive profile, displacement and repression appeared among the most representative defense mechanisms of breast cancer patients.
Searching for highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for sepsis: State-of-the-art in post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis through immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: La Russa Raffaele , Maiese Aniello , Viola Rocco Valerio , De Matteis Alessandra , Pinchi Enrica , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio
Published: June 2019

The autoptical observations commonly ascribed to sepsis deal with unspecific general and local signs of inflammation or ischemia, such as myocardial inflammation, pulmonary edema and infiltration, cerebral swallowing, and tubular necrosis in the kidney. In the two last decades, some studies have been carried out to implement immunohistochemical markers for post-mortem diagnosis. All of these target molecules are specifically up-regulated or down-regulated during systemic inflammatory responses, especially for infective causes. Among these, we found some antigens expressed on leukocyte surfaces (very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), cluster differentiation-15 (CD15)), enzyme contained in neutrophils granules (lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF)), endothelial markers and junctions (E-selectin, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin)), and soluble factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), procalcitonin (PCT), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (s-TREM-1)). All of these showed potential reliability in differentiating sepsis cases from controls. Further studies are needed to provide a concrete validation for a combination of markers on specific organ samples in order to reach a post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis also in the absence of clinical records.
Ineffective-Leader-Induced Occupational Stress
Authors: Jacobs Clarine M.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning or essence of the phenomenon of ineffective-leader-induced occupational stress inside and outside the workplace based on the perceptions and the lived experiences of the followers. Participants included a purposive sample of nine individuals. The present study was able to demonstrate that all participants experienced occupational stress resulting from ineffective leadership, which was associated with diminished organizational and individual outcomes including negative employee health problems at the psychological and physiological levels. The results in the study revealed the importance of follower perceptions in leadership effectiveness. It is the role of the organization, the leaders, and the followers—as a whole—to understand the perceptions of others and work toward finding exemplary approaches where both leaders and followers play active, vital roles in organizational success and minimize occupational stress.
Role of platelet-rich plasma in early osteoarthritis of knee joint: Experience from a tertiary care center in Pakistan
Authors: Rasheed Nusrat , Hafeez Kamran , Zaidi Itat Hussain , Askari Raza , Rasheed Naseem , Khani Ghulam Mustafa Kaim
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease. The aim of this study was to observe the outcome after intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in our patients presenting with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:

This study was conducted in Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2014 to December 2015. All patients between 35 years and 60 years of age diagnosed with grade I and II arthritis were included in the study. Three PRP injections were injected in the knees at 4-week interval. Patients were followed up in outpatient department (OPD) and were assessed for pain and physical activity associated with arthritis using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score at the time of induction in the study and at 6 months interval.

Results:

Two hundred fourteen patients with the mean age of 55.15 (±6.93) years were studied. Female to male ratio was 3:1. One hundred fifty-five patients were classified as having Kellgren–Lawrence grade 1 osteoarthritis, while 59 were grade 2. One hundred eighty-nine patients had clinical symptoms for less than 2 years and 25 for more than 2 years. Mean WOMAC score before the start of treatment was 83.05, and after 6 months, it was reduced to 38.84 which was statistically significant ( p = 0.000). WOMAC score was improved more in the subgroup with patients having symptoms less than 2 years ( p = 0.005). Three patients developed minor hyperemia which was managed conservatively with activity limitation and ice application, but none of the patient developed gross infection.

Conclusion:

The sequential use of PRP injection for the treatment of early osteoarthritis proved to be effective in our study.
Doing activism like a state: Progressive municipal government, Israel/Palestine and BDS
Authors: Cooper Davina , Herman Didi
Published: June 2019

Activism is typically placed in opposition to state practice. Yet, state bodies often participate in campaigns and movements for change, drawing on different powers and capacities, including the ability to withhold goods, land and contracts. This article explores subnational state activism – what it means and the activist framework it offers – through a study of UK local government’s episodic participation in the pro-Palestinian movement for divestment and boycott of Israel. Municipal participation in this movement demonstrates certain tensions and challenges for subnational state activism, in conditions of conflict, where critics denounce local government for over-reaching and acting improperly. This article focuses on two key aspects: the relationship of municipal activism to de-subordination and the troubling of state hierarchy; and the place of responsibility, care and democratic embeddedness within municipal state practice. Together, these strands contribute to wider debates about progressive statehood and paradigms of institutional activism.
Correlation of Physician-Assessed Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Scores With Patient-Reported Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary Scores Among Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Results From VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 Studies
Authors: Gordon Kenneth B. , Han Chenglong , Li Shu , You Yin , Song Michael , Fakharzadeh Steven , Crowley Jeffrey J. , Reich Kristian
Published: June 2019

Background:

Patient-reported and clinician-determined outcomes do not always correlate in clinical trials for psoriasis, even among those with clear skin.

Objective:

To compare clinical responses with patient-reported outcomes among patients with psoriasis enrolled in 2 phase 3, double-blind, controlled trials of guselkumab (VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2).

Methods:

Overall, 1432 patients randomized to guselkumab, placebo, or adalimumab at baseline were included in the pooled patient population; measures were assessed at baseline and week 16. End points included proportions of patients achieving 100% improvement in their Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 100) score and summary scores = 0 on the Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary (PSSD). Proportions of patients with PSSD symptom/sign summary scores = 0 and mean PSSD summary scores were summarized by PASI 100 status. Association between PASI and PSSD scores were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results:

Among week-16 PASI 100 responders, 46.8% and 34.1% reported PSSD symptom and sign summary scores = 0, respectively, and 30.9% and 49.0% reported minimal symptoms/signs (scores = 1 to <10), respectively; mean scores (scale 0-100) were 6.4 for symptoms and 5.8 for signs. Among PASI 100 nonresponders, only 11.1% (symptoms) and 7.5% (signs) reported PSSD summary scores = 0; mean scores were 25.7 and 26.7, respectively. Correlation coefficients between overall PASI response and PSSD scores were 0.63 (symptoms) and 0.68 (signs; both P < .0001).

Conclusion:

While PASI and PSSD scores were highly correlated and most PASI 100 responders reported no/minimal symptoms or signs at week 16, substantial discrepancies were found between complete clearance from the clinician’s view versus symptom/sign-free status from patients’ perspectives.
No evidence of Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus infection in field-caught mosquitoes from the Recife Metropolitan Region, Brazil, 2015
Authors: Ramesh Anita , Jeffries Claire L. , Castanha Priscila , Oliveira Paula A. S. , Alexander Neal , Cameron Mary , Braga Cynthia , Walker Thomas
Published: June 2019

Background: The Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR), north-eastern Brazil, was the epicentre of the 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, which was followed by a 2016 chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic. It historically has amongst the highest incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infections and is the only remaining focus of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Brazil. In early 2015, a molecular xenomonitoring surveillance project focused on Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus commenced to inform LF elimination activities. Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes were also collected, concurrent with the first microcephaly cases detected in the RMR. In terms of the 2015 ZIKV epidemic, these are the earliest known field-collected mosquitoes, preserved for potential RNA virus detection, when ZIKV was known to be circulating locally.

Methods:   Adult mosquitoes were collected in two sites (0.4 km2) of Sítio Novo, Olinda, RMR, from July 22 to August 21, 2015. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified, sorted by physiological status, and pooled (up to 10 mosquitoes per house per day or week). RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and the cDNA tested by real-time PCR.

Results: A total of 10,139 adult female Cx. quinquefasciatus and 939 adult female Ae. aegypti were captured. All female Ae. aegypti specimens were included within 156 pools and screened for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV. In addition, a sub-set of 1,556 Cx. quinquefasciatus adult females in 182 pools were screened for ZIKV. No evidence of infection with any of the three arboviruses was found.

Conclusions: The absence of arbovirus detection may have been expected given the extremely restricted geographic area and collection of mosquitoes during a very short time period of peak mosquito abundance (July–September), but low arbovirus circulation (November–March).  However, this study demonstrates the potential to retrospectively screen for additional unexpected pathogens in situations of rapid emergence, such as occurred during the outbreak of ZIKV in the RMR.
FRANCHISING EVOLUTION: FROM ANTIQUITY TO OUR DAYS
Authors: Бердина Марина , Berdina Marina , Бердин Александр , Berdin Aleksandr
Published: June 2019

This article is focused on a very popular method of doing business — international franchising. Particular emphasis is placed on such a fundamental question for franchising — as the history of its origin and development to the present day. The time period specified for the emergence of franchising. Based on historical examples, the evolutionary development of franchising is shown, starting from ancient times until the 21st century. The analysis of historical inconsistencies about the place of occurrence and the greatest distribution of this method of doing business was done. Considerable attention is paid to the spread of franchising in the United States and beyond, as the country in which commercial franchising has received the greatest popularity and has become a kind of benchmark for business success. Various temporary replicas and variations of franchising, even appearing initially in other countries, were implemented in one way or another in American companies — large corporations (for example, General Motors, Coca Cola, Rexall, etc.). Together with American popularity, the American franchise crisis in the 1970s gradually began to grow, which led to the emergence of legislative regulation of franchise business in the United States (FTC rule), as well as in the countries of its most successful distribution and use in business. The authors presented the model of internationalization of franchising on the Anglo-Saxon type, which shows the regions and countries of the phased spread of this type of business.
On the Impact of Government Institutions on Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Russia
Authors: Басовский Леонид , Basovskiy Leonid , Бабанов В. , Babanov V. , Басовская Елена , Basovskaya Elena
Published: June 2019

In order to assess the extent to which the institutions of government in the current conditions in recent years in Russia — the activity of government officials and local governments affected economic growth, the correlation of the number of this category of workers with the growth rates of the economy was evaluated. The results show that by 2002 the positive correlation between the number of employees of state bodies and local self-government and the rate of economic growth was a negative one. The activities of employees of state and local governments began to slow down economic growth in the country. In order to assess how the change in the level of inequality of income distribution in modern Russia is due to the activities of employees of state-shock authorities and local self-government, its relation to the number of employees in this category of funds, which reflects the degree of income inequality, was evaluated. The results show that by 2011 the negative relationship between the number of employees of state bodies and local governments and the level of inequality of income distribution of growth replaced by a positive relationship. The activities of employees of state and local governments began to contribute to reducing the level of inequality of income distribution in the country.
Rethinking Empirical Evidence of Money Non-Neutrality in the Economy
Authors: Павлов Иван , Pavlov Ivan
Published: June 2019

The article rethinks the empirical data of non-neutrality of money in the economy. According to modern empirical data, there is a relationship between the money supply and the real variables — real output, unemployment and relative prices. However, the understanding of the fact that the money supply is a nominal variable, which cannot be related to the real situation of the economy. These considerations raise doubts about the existence of above-mentioned dependence. Moreover, the paper proves that the changes of money supply do not affect the real variables. These arguments cause the need to rethink the empirical data of non-neutrality of money in the economy. Further analysis shows that another parameter has impact on real variables — agents ‘purchasing power of money (income). This variable changes simultaneously with the change in money supply and this variable is the one that influences the real variables. Thus, the impact of monetary policy on the economic system is only through the redistribution of income between agents. As a result, monetary policy is only a less effective fiscal policy.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Cycling Behavior
Authors: Jakovcevic Adriana , Ledesma Ruben Daniel , Franco Paul , Caballero Romina , Tosi Jeremías David
Published: June 2019

Latin American cities are facing crucial changes to become cycling cities. To develop effective policies in this regard, it is essential to understand the factors influencing bicycle commuting. The Theory of Planned Behavior —tpb— (Ajzen 1991) has provided a useful model to explain travel mode choice. The present study tested the tpb within the domain of bicycle mode choice with 172 participants from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Data was modeled using path analysis. The tpb model displayed an excellent fit. Results showed that intention predicted 53% of the variance in cycling to university. In addition, tpb variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) predicted 59% of the intention to use the bicycle to commute to university. The study also discusses the theoretical and practical implications for promoting bicycle use.Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, bicycling behavior, active transportation.
El sentido social de la psicología social latinoamericana. Momento para una revisión.
Authors: Molina Valencia Nelson
Published: June 2019

La pertinencia de la psicología para atender los asuntos relevantes de las sociedades es una tarea explícita en construcción desde hace aproximadamentecincuenta años. El movimiento hippie en Norteamérica, Mayo del 68 en Francia,la revolución del terciopelo en Praga y el movimiento estudiantil colombiano a comienzos de los años setenta son algunos acontecimientos queinterpelaron el conocimiento académico de cara a un compromiso social no solo de la psicología sino del conjunto de las ciencias sociales. El postestructuralismo, las perspectivas decoloniales, la teología y la pedagogía de la liberación o las diversas perspectivas críticas son algunos movimientos que en lo académico asumieron esereto. La psicología dejó de estudiar como único propósito asuntos pertinentes en los escenarios a los que pertenece y se planteó incidir en ellos, trascendiendo la explicación o descripción de los fenómenos en cuestión. En los años setenta el llamado fue a salir de la torre de marfil en la que solo se estudiaba para incidir deliberadamente en el mundo más allá de los purismos metodológicos y teóricos, lo que supuso una conocida crisis, que hoy resulta pertinente revisar.
Prosocial Compliance in P2P Lending: A Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Du Ninghua , Li Lingfang , Lu Tian , Lu Xianghua
Published: June 2019

We implement behavioral mechanisms in a natural field experiment to increase loan repayment rates on a peer-to-peer (P2P) lending website. The results show that text message reminders that convey lenders’ positive expectations considerably increase the likelihood that borrowers will repay their loans, whereas reminders emphasizing the adverse consequences of failure to repay loans do not have enduring effects. Our experiment results in an increase in loan repayments in the sample period. In addition, our reminders are cost-free to implement, showing the potential importance of such interventions in enhancing prosocial compliance in P2P lending.

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Evaluating the cervical spine in confused or unconscious adults after blunt trauma
Authors: Deacon Christopher , Craxford Simon , Ollivere Benjamin J
Published: June 2019

Potential injury to the cervical spine should be considered in all patients who have suffered blunt trauma. Early spinal immobilization is required to minimize the risk of secondary spinal cord injury. However, prolonged immobilization is associated with its own morbidity. Clinical evaluation of the cervical spine in confused or unconscious adult trauma patients is challenging, and imaging is required to safely ‘clear’ the cervical spine. Despite the existence of national guidelines, significant variations in practice exist. This article summarizes the evidence for the initial stabilization of the cervical spine in adult trauma patients. It reviews the imaging modalities available and the criteria for discontinuation of cervical spine immobilization.
On the last mile: logistical urbanism and the transformation of labour
Authors: Altenried Moritz
Published: June 2019

In recent years, the last mile of delivery has become a crucial focus of logistical operations in urban contexts due to the rise of online shopping and the spread of platforms including Amazon to Foodora, Deliveroo and others. This article claims that the increasing importance and time-sensitivity of delivery reconfigures both urban spaces and labour relations. Through an analysis of labour relations in different segments of last mile delivery it argues that we are observing profound changes driven most importantly by digital technologies and the hyper-flexible employment relations facilitated by online platforms. Labour on the last mile is increasingly characterised by intense time pressure, standardisation, algorithmic management and digitally enabled surveillance on the one hand, and platform-driven precarisation and flexibilisation on the other. These developments can also be observed in other areas of logistical labour and across different industries. Hence, labour on the last mile might be understood as a specific but important expression of a broader tendency of the transformation of labour in digital capitalism. At the same time, the new importance of the last mile also signals changes in the production of urban space in the context of platform-driven forms of production, circulation and consumption, that are discussed as an emerging logistical urbanism.
The ambivalence of logistical connectivity: a co-research with Foodora Riders
Authors: Leonardi Daniela , Murgia Annalisa , Briziarelli Marco , Armano Emiliana
Published: June 2019

This article explores the notion of logistical connectivity as a twofold and ambivalent lens. On one hand, connectivity can be seen as a pervasive logistical tool for labour exploitation and surveillance. On the other, it opens up opportunities to establish new kinds of social relations and forms of worker organisation. The analysis draws on empirical data gathered during 2016 in Turin, a city in northern Italy, during mobilisations by Foodora workers. The findings show that logistical connectivity constitutes an unprecedented form of pervasive control, but - under certain conditions - can be shaken and reversed by workers and become a mode of mobilisation and self-organising.
Avaliação da qualidade em serviços na indústria hoteleira por meio da aplicação da teoria de resposta ao item
Authors: Bridi Eduardo , Paladini Edson Pacheco , Andersson Roy , Wehrle Alex Fabiano
Published: June 2019

Avaliar serviços é uma tática para manter e aprimorar a qualidade entregue, pois realimentará o processo decisório das organizações para que novas ações sejam implantadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um formulário, além de realizar uma simulação utilizando a técnica da Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Para avaliar a qualidade do serviço na hotelaria, o método de coleta utilizado foi a observação direta disfarçada e não agendada, onde 191 hotéis foram avaliados por 8 pesquisadores treinados (cliente misterioso), utilizando um instrumento estruturado. A análise dos dados foi quantitativa e realizada por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Os resultados mostram que o instrumento de avaliação de qualidade em serviços desenvolvido com excelente consistência interna e a convergência do algoritmo na aplicação da TRI sendo possível a calibração dos itens e, por consequência, seu uso. Esta investigação estrutura uma nova perspectiva para a Avaliação da Qualidade em Serviços, adequada para uma análise objetiva e mensurável da qualidade. O uso desta abordagem determina nova dimensão teórica e nova componente prática para a Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviço, fato que contribui para o gestor tomar suas decisões com maior segurança e melhorar os processos na prática.
“O estudo é com você, a viagem é com a gente”: as agências de turismo especializadas em viagens a concursos públicos no Brasil
Authors: Lobato Flavio Henrique Souza , Alberto Diana Priscila Sá
Published: June 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como está configurado o perfil das agências de turismo de concursos no Brasil, verificando como elas estão organizadas e identificando os produtos e/ou os serviços específicos ofertados para atender concurseiros viajantes. Para tanto, os procedimentos utilizados, mediante uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e sob uma perspectiva exploratória, se estabeleceram a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e de campo. Na extensão da ambiência cibernética da rede social Facebook, enviesadas por uma aproximação à pesquisa netnográfica, foram realizadas incursões investigativas, observações e acompanhamentos de interações, de postagens e de depoimentos entre internautas de grupos de estudo para concursos públicos. Ademais, conceberam-se conversas informais (bate-papos) e capturas de tela (Prints Screen), bem como aplicaram-se questionários com cinco empresas, das cinco regiões brasileiras, especializadas em realizar viagens para concursos públicos. Os resultados permitiram compreender que, a amostra da oferta foco desta investigação configura modelos de negócios gestados por pequenos empreendedores ou por empresas tradicionais, que viram nas necessidades de uma demanda, em notório crescimento, uma oportunidade frutífera de ganhos econômicos. São pequenas e médias empresas que planejam, se entre articulam e comercializam produtos e serviços.
Perceptions of Constipation Among the General Public and People With Constipation Differ Strikingly From Those of General and Specialist Doctors and the Rome IV Criteria
Authors: Dimidi Eirini , Cox Camilla , Grant Robert , Scott S. Mark , Whelan Kevin
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the perceptions of constipation among the general population (with and without constipation), general and specialist doctors, and the Rome IV criteria.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire where participants were asked to report symptoms perceived to be most important for a diagnosis of constipation. Participants also judged 10 case studies in which constipation was either present or absent according to Rome IV criteria.

RESULTS:

Two thousand five hundred fifty-seven members of the general population (934 with self-reported constipation and 1,623 without constipation), 411 general practitioners (GPs) and 365 gastroenterology specialists completed the questionnaire. Of the 934 with self-reported constipation, 877 (94%) met Rome IV criteria for functional constipation, whereas of the 1,623 who did not self-report constipation, 473 (29%) actually met Rome IV criteria. Infrequent bowel movements were perceived as important for diagnosing constipation by less than a third of the constipated general population (26%), compared with 41% of GPs and 65% of specialist doctors (P < 0.001). Principal component analysis revealed 7 symptom clusters, with most symptoms not being part of formal diagnostic criteria. Using case studies, correct diagnosis of constipation ranged from 99% down to as low as 39%, depending upon the number and type of symptom present.

DISCUSSION:

The general population's perceptions of constipation differ strikingly from those of GPs and specialist doctors, and there is limited agreement between public perceptions of constipation and Rome IV criteria. These findings emphasize the need to educate doctors and the general population regarding the symptoms of constipation, and realign diagnostic criteria to address those symptoms patients perceive to be important.
Abordaje de la desnutrición en las cátedras de Pediatría. Lectura comparada de materiales escritos para la enseñanza de las universidades públicas argentinas
Authors: Itharte Marcelo
Published: June 2019

Este artículo procede de una investigación realizada como trabajo final para la Maestría en Docencia Universitaria de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Su objetivo fue analizar los libros de texto utilizados para la enseñanza de la desnutrición, en las cátedras de Pediatría, de las Facultades de Medicina de cinco universidades públicas argentinas.

Una primera hipótesis sostiene que los libros de texto dan cuenta de una perspectiva biologicista que responde al modelo médico hegemónico, representando esta situación una discrepancia con la finalidad explicitada en los planes de estudio centrados en el modelo médico social. Las cátedras de Pediatría estudiadas no cuentan con un instrumento de análisis que les permita un enfoque evaluativo del material de enseñanza. La mayoría de los libros de texto utilizados no poseen un abordaje interdisciplinario adecuado de acuerdo con el nuevo paradigma de formación de recurso humano.

Palabras claves: educación médica - desnutrición – modelo médico hegemónico – modelo médico social– evaluación libros de textos

Abstract

This article proceeds from a research made as a final work for a Master Degree in University Teaching at Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias at Universidad Nacional del Litoral. The main objective was to analyze written publications that are used for teaching malnutrition in Pediatric chairs at Medicine Faculty of five Argentinean public universities.

The hypothesis is that written publication for teaching have a biologist perspective that responds to hegemonic medical model, what represents a discrepancy with the purpose specified in the curricula focused on the social medical model. The Pediatric chairs studied do not have an instrument of analysis that allows them to have an evaluation perspective of teaching material. Most of the written publications used do not have an adequate interdisciplinary approach regarding to the new paradigm of human resources training.

Keywords: medical education – malnutrition – hegemonic medical model – social medical model – written teaching publications evaluation
Creating school songs from themes of Contemporary Turkish Music
Çağdaş Türk Müziği temalarından okul şarkısı oluşturma
Authors: Şimşek Peyruze Rana , Bilen Şermin
Published: June 2019

Adapted, imitation, anonymous and Turkish school music songs are sources of music education repertoire. Adaptation songs are usually formed by writing lyrics to the music of foreign nations. The songs created from classical works are also categorized under this title. Contemporary Turkish music works can also take part in this extent. In the study used survey method, 25 classical music pieces have been listened to 321 students from five secondary schools in Buca/ Izmir, and it has been reached 10 most favorite works in line with “Liking Form” in 3 point likert scale. One of them is Telli Turna Suite’s third part composed by Nevit Kodallı who is one of the Contemporary Turkish Music composers. It is aimed to make formal and harmonic analysis of the suite, to write lyrics to theme of suite, and to create a school song with piano accompaniment. In the process of creating songs, it is included measurement system, tonal information, formal information, harmonic progression and modulation points categories. In the process of writing lyrics for the theme, we tried to stick to the rules of prosody as much as possible. Two different piano accompaniments are designed for the song. The first of them is designed as a studying accompaniment and the other one is designed as a concert accompaniment. It is thought this song can make an important contribution to educational music repertoire. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetUyarlama şarkılar, öykünme şarkılar, anonim şarkılar ve Türk okul müziği şarkıları müzik eğitimi dağarının kaynaklarıdır.  Uyarlama şarkılar, genellikle yabancı ulusların müziklerine söz yazılarak oluşturulmaktadır. Klasik eserlerden oluşturulan şarkılar da bu grup altında toplanmaktadır. Çağdaş Türk müziği eserleri de bu kapsam içinde yer alabilir. Tarama yöntemi kullanılan araştırmada, İzmir’ in Buca ilçesinde bulunan beş ortaokuldan 321 öğrenciye, 25 klasik müzik eseri dinletilmiş, üçlü likert tipindeki “Beğeni Formu” doğrultusunda, en çok beğenilen 10 eser seçilmiştir. Bu eserlerden biri, Çağdaş Türk Müziği bestecilerinden Nevit Kodallı’ nın Telli Turna Süiti’ nin üçüncü bölümüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, süitin temasının armonik ve biçimsel analizinin yapılması ve temaya söz yazılarak piyano eşlikli bir okul şarkısı oluşturulmasıdır. Şarkıları oluşturma aşamasında, eserin biçimsel ve armonik analizi yapılmış ve ölçü sistemi, ton bilgisi, biçim bilgisi, akor kurulumları-bağlantıları ve modülasyon noktaları kategorilerine yer verilmiştir. Temaya söz yazımı sürecinde, prozodi kurallarına olabildiğince bağlı kalınmaya çalışılmıştır. Şarkı için iki farklı eşlik önerisi sunulmuş, önerilerden ilki çalışma eşliği, ikincisi konser eşliği olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu şarkı örneğinin eğitim müziği dağarına önemli bir katkısı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
KETIKA KESADARAN MULTIKULTURALISME MULAI MEMUDAR Refleksi atas Dosen Studi Agama di UIN
Authors: Hanafi Imam
Published: June 2019

Since the early of the 21st century, multiculturalism has become a crucial issue in educational field in Indonesia. This cannot be separated from the rise of social violences related to ethnic, religion, race and social group. Therefore, it is crucial to know how is the ability of the PTKI (Islamic Higher Educations in Indonesia) responding this issue by looking at their lecturers understanding about multiculturalism. Since the change of IAIN to UIN, it is imperative for this institution to have a multicultural paradigm of Islamic studies, to be very urgent. This research wants to know the extent of multiculturalism skills in the learning process for lecturers in the classroom. At the same time want to see the level of knowledge and awareness of lecturers about multiculturalism. The results showed that the level of understanding of the lecturers was quite good, but at the level of awareness, it was still low.
Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Karbohidrat Dan Protein Whey Pra Operasi Terhadap Kadar C- Reactive Protein Pasca Operasi Pada Pasien Mastektomi
Authors: Andreanto Erwin Santoso , Primatika Aria Dian , Pujo Jati Listiyanto
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang : CRP adalah protein fase akut yang kadarnya dalam darah sangat berkaitan erat dengan respon inflamasi akut yang terjadi.Tindakan pembedahan dan puasa yang berkepanjangan menyebabkan pelepasan sitokin-sitokin  proinflamasi dan  mediator inflamasifaseakut melalui proses yang rumit.Tujuan : Membuktikan pengaruh pemberian minuman karbohidrat dan protein whey praoperasi terhadap kadar CRP pascaoperasi pada pasien mastektomi.Metode : Penelitian jenis uji klinis acak terkontrol. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 26 dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan (13 sampel) diberikan 400 mL minuman karbohidrat dan protein whey malam sebelum operasi dan 200 mL 4 jam sebelum operasi. Kelompok kontrol diberikan air mineral dengan jumlah dan waktu pemberian yang sama dengan kelompok perlakuan. Kedua kelompok diperiksa kadar CRP pra dan pascaoperasi.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ( p = 0,001) pada kadarCRP pascaoperasi antara kelompok kontrol yaitu 7,62 ± 2,074 dibandingkan dengan CRP pascaoperasi kelompok perlakuan yaitu 2,81 ± 2,920. Selain itu juga terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,000) dalam selisih kadar CRP praoperasi dan pascaoperasi pada kelompok kontrol yaitu 5,36 ± 0,535 dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan yaitu 0,89 ± 0,938.Kesimpulan : Pemberian minuman karbohidrat dan protein whey pra operasi terbukti menurunkan respon inflamasi fase akut pascaoperasi, yang tergambar dari peningkatan kadar CRP pascaoperasi yang lebih rendah pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.
Perbandingan Validitas Sistem Skoring Apache II, SOFA, Dan Customized Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (Csofa) Untuk Memperkirakan Mortalitas Pasien Non-Bedah Yang Dirawat Di Ruang Perawatan Intensif
Authors: Taofik Stefanus , Senapathi Tjokorda Agung , Wiryana I Made
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang : Penerapan Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (SJKN) dalam pelayanan ICU mendorong pelayanan ICU untuk lebih efektif dan efisien. Prediksi hasil perawatan penting baik secara administrasi ataupun klinis dalam manajemen ICU. Pasien non-bedah meskipun jumlahnya tidak banyak, namun memiliki angka mortalitas yang tinggi.Tujuan : Untuk mendapatkan sistem skoring yang baik dan mudah diterapkan dilakukan penilaian missing value, dan diskriminasi dari masing masing sistem skoring.Metode : Penelitian ini melibatkan 184 pasien non-bedah yang dirawat di ICU RSUP Sanglah Denpasar yang diambil secara retrospektif dari data tanggal 1 Januari 2014 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2014. Semua pasien dilakukan penilaian APACHE II, SOFA, dan CSOFA. Uji analisis regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menilai pengaruh masing masing sub variabel terhadap mortalitas, dan selanjutnya mencari cut off point dari analisis kurva ROC untuk mendapatkan sensitifitas dan spesifisitas masing masing.Hasil : Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AuROC) pada APACHE II, SOFA, dan CSOFA berturut turut didapatkan 0,892, 0,919, dan 0,9172. Missing value terbanyak didapatkan berturut turut pada SOFA, APACHE II, dan CSOFA sebesar 84,23%, 8,15%, dan 1,65%, dengan dominan sub variabel hepar (bilirubin). Uji regresi logistik memperlihatkan sub variabel neurologi, kardiovaskular, dan respirasi memberikan hubungan bermakna terhadap mortalitas dengan RO 4,58, 2,24, dan 1,47. Sub variabel lain yang berpengaruh antara lain AKI, sepsis, dan penyakit kronis dengan RO 8,14, 3,89 dan 2,42.Simpulan : CSOFA lebih valid dalam memperkirakan mortalitas pasien di ICU RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, karena mempunyai nilai diskriminasi yang lebih baik dan missing value yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan sistem skoring APACHE II dan SOFA
The Effect of Polypropylene Tree Shelters on Growth and Survival of Pedunculate Oak Seedlings (Quercus robur L.)
Authors: Liović Boris , Tomašić Željko , Dubravac Tomislav , Licht Robert , Turk Matej
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose: The declining and dieback of lowland oak forests as the result of global climate change, as well as the attack of various pathogenic organisms, industrial pollution, and other negative effects reduce acorn yield and will continue to do so in the future. As a result of this fact, the areas on which artificial regeneration will be applied by planting seedlings will have to be increased. The artificial regeneration process is more expensive than the natural one, so protection measures need to be applied to minimize the loss of young seedlings.
Materials and Methods: Experimental plots were set up in the forest area of Spačva Basin. A completely randomized block design experiment in four repetitions was used, in which four variants of planting and protection of oak seedlings were examined. We tested polypropylene tree shelters and hydrophilic superabsorbent based on maize starch. Heights of the plants were measured by measuring tape, and survival was registered by numbering of dead and living plants. For statistical purposes, we have used analysis of variance (repeated measure ANOVA), which allows us to prove statistically significant difference between morphological traits of studied variants.
Results: Two years after planting, the lowest level of survival was found in unprotected seedlings (79.5%), while tree shelters provided the best conditions for seedlings survival (88.75%). In the case with the hydrophilic granules Zeba the result is slightly worse. When analyzing average height in a particular case, significantly higher plants are recorded in cases where the polypropylene tree shelters are used. The average height, with tree shelters (128.27 cm), is more than three times higher than the unprotected seedlings (37.97 cm). The addition of hydrophilic granules did not show a statistically significant difference. In cases where the seedlings were not under the tree shelter protection, the effect of hydrophilic granules was also not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Sheltering accelerated the height growth of the planted oaks substantially and also provided best conditions for seedlings survival. During the research period the usage of Zeba did not justify the purpose for which it was applied. Although the first results are promising in order to gain a complete insight into the potential of tree shelters it is necessary to record the changes and maintain the experiment for a further 2-3 years with quantification of other harmful factors that may appear (drought, game etc.) after which a more reliable judgment regarding their usefulness could be provided.
Site Index and Volume Growth Percentage Determination for Privately Owned Uneven-aged Stands of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex along the Croatian Adriatic Coast
Authors: Berta Alen , Levanič Tom , Stojsavljević Denis , Kušan Vladimir
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose: Although organized forestry has existed in Croatia for more than 250 years, this mostly entailed state forests. During the last decade, Extension Services have started to support the development of forest management plans for privately owned forests. Lately, FMPs have been developed for nearly 3/4 of privately owned forests in Croatia. During the creation of those plans, yield tables and normal models for state-owned forests, primarily even-aged stands with long-time management, were used because similar data was not developed for uneven-aged and poorly managed forests. This research encompasses privately owned forests in the Croatian Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean regions where holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) and downy oak ( Quercus pubescens Willd.) are the prevailing species in forest stands. The main goal was to determine site indices revealed in the analysis of yearly radial increments and to create relevant yield tables.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 1286 oak trees were cored to the centre on 377 locations spread in privately owned forests in Croatian Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean regions. The ratio of trees and locations was approximately 3:1 for Q. pubescens. Some cored trees were more than two centuries old. After the standard sample preparation for dendrochronological analysis, cores were scanned, and tree-ring widths were determined. In total, ring width for over 67,000 rings was determined and measured.
Results: Based on the data dispersion of cumulative tree increments at 40 years of age, 2 site index classes for Q. ilex and 3 for Q. pubescens were created based on k-means clustering. Prodan’s growth function was fitted to the created clusters to determine the site’s “model” tree. For the model trees, the percentage of volume growth was calculated. For easier field site index determination, height curves based on field data for each site index were calculated.
Conclusions: For the first time in Croatia, systematic and controlled data on the growth (and age) of uneven-aged privately owned forests in the Croatian Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean area were collected. Based on the data collected in the field, three different site indices for downy oak and two site indices for holm oak were determined. These results could find their application during operational forest management and forest exploitation because they allow for more accurate determination of the site production strength in the explored stands.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL ACERCA DA TRÍPLICE EPIDEMIA (DENGUE-CHIKUNGUNYA-ZIKA) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS
Authors: Silva André Vinícius Bezerra de Andrade , Brandão Camilo Rafael Pereira , Vitória Nadja Santos
Published: June 2019

Percepção Ambiental pode ser definida como o modo do ser humano perceber o ambiente em que está inserido, de maneira que possa proteger e preservá-lo. O ano de 2016 foi marcado pela tríplice epidemia (Dengue-Zika-Chikungunya), que são exemplos de Doenças Tropicais, causadas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a percepção ambiental da comunidade do Povoado Juá em relação à prevalência dessas doenças, identificando quais os métodos de informação e prevenção mais utilizados pelos entrevistados na localidade, buscando associá-las ao destino incorreto dos resíduos sólidos gerados na região. Tais resultados permitiram conhecer o posicionamento da população diante dessa situação, onde 72% dos entrevistados souberam reconhecer pelo menos uma das três doenças anteriormente citadas, 81% identificaram corretamente o vetor das mesmas e 94% das respostas apontaram que é importante realizar a separação do lixo.

 

Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental. Doenças Tropicais. Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Lixo.
Nociceptor Deletion of Tsc2 Enhances Axon Regeneration by Inducing a Conditioning Injury Response in Dorsal Root Ganglia
Authors: Carlin Dan , Halevi Alexandra E. , Ewan Eric E. , Moore Amy M. , Cavalli Valeria
Published: June 2019

Neurons of the PNS are able to regenerate injured axons, a process requiring significant cellular resources to establish and maintain long-distance growth. Genetic activation of mTORC1, a potent regulator of cellular metabolism and protein translation, improves axon regeneration of peripheral neurons by an unresolved mechanism. To gain insight into this process, we activated mTORC1 signaling in mouse nociceptors via genetic deletion of its negative regulator Tsc2. Perinatal deletion of Tsc2 in nociceptors enhanced initial axon growth after sciatic nerve crush, however by 3 d post-injury axon elongation rate became similar to controls. mTORC1 inhibition prior to nerve injury was required to suppress the enhanced axon growth. Gene expression analysis in purified nociceptors revealed that Tsc2-deficient nociceptors had increased activity of regeneration-associated transcription factors (RATFs), including cJun and Atf3, in the absence of injury. Additionally, nociceptor deletion of Tsc2 activated satellite glial cells and macrophages in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a similar manner to nerve injury. Surprisingly, these changes improved axon length but not percentage of initiating axons in dissociated cultures. The pro-regenerative environment in naïve DRG was recapitulated by AAV8-mediated deletion of Tsc2 in adult mice, suggesting that this phenotype does not result from a developmental effect. Consistently, AAV8-mediated Tsc2 deletion did not improve behavioral recovery after a sciatic nerve crush injury despite initially enhanced axon growth. Together, these data show that neuronal mTORC1 activation induces an incomplete pro-regenerative environment in the DRG that improves initial but not later axon growth after nerve injury.
An Interview with ELAINE SCARRY
Authors: Ablow Rachel
Published: June 2019

In this interview, Elaine Scarry elaborates on her writing and activism in relation to the threat of nuclear war.
“No Pain, No Gain” and the History of Presence
Authors: Kuriyama Shigehisa
Published: June 2019

“No pain, no gain” is a rather strange saying, exhorting us actively to embrace what we ordinarily abhor and are desperate to avoid. It promotes the idea of good pain. This essay excavates the historical and metaphysical roots of this idea and situates the modern slogan in the context of a profound change in the experience of presence.
CYBERPUNK Y NECROPOLÍTICA: SOBRE LA EXTERMINACIÓN DE LA VIDA EN LA ERA GLOBAL
Authors: Brenes Vargas Alonso
Published: June 2019

Este ensayo se plantea como un ejercicio de análisis crítico entre la estética cyberpunk y el concepto de necropolítica desarrollado por el lósofo camerunés Achille Mbembe. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el subgénero cyberpunk, al representar escenarios sociopolíticos extremos, ofrece una visión de la necropolítica como expresión última del poder soberano. Desde esta perspectiva, se analizará la película de ciencia cción District 9 (2009) del reali- zador sudafricano Neill Blomkamp, para determinar las formas como se entrelazan ambos conceptos en esta producción, así como sus implicaciones ético-políticas.