bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kualitas Air Laut di Area Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya di Selat Madura (Quality Analysis of the Saltwater in West Surabaya Fairway in Madura Strait)
Authors: Badriani Ririn Endah
Published: February 2018

AbstractPelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya merupakan pelabuhan terbesar di kawasan Indonesia bagian timur. PT PELINDO III melakukan pengembangan Arus Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS). Akibatnya aktivitas sekitar APBS meningkat yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan kualitas air berdasarkan baku mutu biota laut dan indek kualitas air di sekitar APBS. Indeks kualitas air yang digunakan adalah Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk mengalami penurunan kualitas air laut dengan beberapa parameter tidak memenuhi baku mutu yaitu TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), kekeruhan 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrat (0,7 mg/l di ST1dan 0,5 mg/l di ST2) dan di semua titik sampling diperoleh kadar DO (3 mg/l), fosfat 0,02 – 0,6 mg/L dan kecerahan (0,55 - 1.70 m). Indeks kualitas air di sekitar APBS dan lokasi pembuangan material keruk dengan metode IP dihasilkan tercemar sedang (ST 1, S2 dan ST 4 ) dan tercemar ringan (ST 3, ST 5 dan ST 6). Nilai kualitas perairan berdasarkan NSF WQI diperoleh dua kategori yaitu baik ( ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) dan sedang (ST 1, ST 2 dan ST 6).Keywords: aktivitas sekitar APBS, kualitas air, indeks pencemaran, NSF WQI AbstrakTanjung Perak Surabaya is the biggest harbor in the Eastern part of Indonesia. PT Pelindo III implemented the development of the eastern fairway Surabaya (APBS). Consequently, the activities arround them increased. It had potential to cause water polllution. This study is aim to determine the water quality based on standart quality of marine biota and the index of water quality arround APBS. Index of water quality are pollution index (IP) and National Sanitation Federation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). The result of the study showed that the water harbor arround APBS and the location of dreging material were decreasing in the term of the quaity of the saltwater . The quality of saltwater did not reach the standart quality, which was TSS 30 mg/l (ST 1), the turbidity of 19 NTU (ST 1), nitrate (0.7 mg / l in ST1dan 0.5 mg / l in ST2) and at all sampling points obtained DO concentration (3 mg / l), phosphate from 0.02 to 0.6 mg / L and brightness (from 0.55 to 1.70 m) .Index of water quality arround APBS and dregging material disposal site that was used IP method was medium polluted (ST 1, S2 and ST 4) and lightly polluted (ST 3, ST 5 and ST 6). Values of water quality by NSF WQI obtained two categories: good (ST 3, ST 4, ST 5) and medium (ST 1, ST 2 and ST 6).Kata kunci: the activities arround APBS, water qualiy, pollution index, NSF WQI
Analisis Laju Kerusakan Jalan di Kabupaten Probolinggo (Road Damage Analysis in Kabupaten Probolinggo)
Authors: Rismawati Riska , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Ratnaningsih Anik
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe existence of surveyed and researched road’s condition in Probolinggo Regency has recently achieved the level of damage and repair project in different years between 2009 – 2013. It can be the problem for Probolinggo government in finding out the value of the rate road’s level in Probolinggo Regency. One way in determining the condition of the road’s damage is by using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. The previous research is conducted by Zulkarnaen (2014) in M.H. Thamrin Street, Ajung, Jember. His research obtained the value of PCI average of 39.08. This research is conducted in finding the rate of road’s damage including the type of damage and the level of road’s damage towards the last maintenance time of the road in Probolinggo Regency. The evaluation result can be used by Probolinggo government for making budget estimation in 2016 and as suggestion for Public Work Service (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum) in increasing their service. The result of this study is the rate of road’s damage in Probolinggo Regency that has achieved 3.79% each year.Keywords: Tower Crane, Evaluation of positioning, Total transporting time, Efficiency Keywords: the rate of road’s damage, Pavement Condition Index, hotmix road AbstrakKondisi eksisting jalan Kabupaten Probolinggo yang disurvei dan diteliti saat ini mengalami tingkat kerusakan dan juga mengalami proyek perbaikan pada tahun yang berbeda-beda, yaitu pada tahun 2009-2013. Hal ini dapat yang menjadi permasalahan tersendiri bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Probolinggo dalam mencari nilai laju kerusakan jalan di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui kondisi kerusakan jalan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Penelitian sebelumnya dilakukanZulkarnain (2014) pada jalan M.H. Thamrin, Ajung, Jember. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai PCI rata-rata sebesar 39,08. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui laju kerusakan jalan meliputi jenis kerusakan dan tingkat kerusakan jalan terhadap waktu pemeliharaan terakhir jalan di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Hasil evaluasi dipergunakan untuk masukan Pemerintah Kabupaten Probolinggo untuk tahun anggaran 2016 dan sebagai bahan masukan bagi Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanannya. Hasil penelitian laju kerusakan jalan di Kabupaten Probolinggo sebesar 3,79 % / tahun. Kata kunci:laju kerusakan jalan, Pavement Condition Index, jalan hotmix
Pemakaian Bracing Pada Bangunan Tahan Gempa dengan Analisis Pushover (The Usage of Bracing on Earthquake Resistant Buildings with Pushover Analysis)
Authors: Anggraeni Dwi Wahyu , Widayanto Erno , Nurtanto Dwi
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost of Indonesia area is an earthquake- prone region. This is caused by the confluence of three major plates world that are subduction. Indo-Australian Plate colliding with the Eurasian plate off the coast of Sumatra, Java and Nusa Tenggara, while the Pacific plate in northern Guinea and North Maluku. In the vicinity of the meeting location this plate collision energy accumulated in the form of earthquake. The quake destroyed much of the multi-storey buildings that do not have adequate strength. Therefore , the higher the building, the greater the effects of the earthquake were received by the building. One way to acquire resistance to earthquake response was to add rigidity to a building. How to obtain the stiffness of a building is to install bracing for high-rise buildings. The purpose of this analysis was conducted to determine usage behavior particularly bracing displacement. The Results of this analysis showed a reduction in horizontal deviation of the building due to the addition of frame bracing. The difference in the percentage of horizontal deviation without bresing building and building using bresing X is 82.519%. While the difference in the percentage of horizontal deviation without order bresing building and building using bresing V is 64.904%.Keywords: pushover analysis , bracing, displacement,earthquake AbstrakSebagian besar wilayah Indonesia merupakan wilayah rawan gempa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pertemuan tiga lempeng utama dunia yang bersifat subdaksi. Lempeng Indo- Australia bertabrakan dengan lempeng Eurasia di lepas pantai Sumatra, Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara, sedangkan lempeng Pasific di utara Irian dan Maluku Utara. Di sekitar lokasi pertemuan lempeng ini akumulasi energi tabrakan terkumpul sehingga lepas berupa gempa bumi. Gempa banyak menghancurkan bangunan- bangunan bertingkat yang tidak mempunyai kekuatan yang memadai. Oleh karena itu, semakin tinggi bangunan maka semakin besar pula efek gempa yang diterima oleh bangunan tersebut. Salah satu cara untuk memperoleh ketahanan terhadap respon gempa adalah menambah kekakuan pada suatu bangunan. Cara memperoleh kekakuan suatu bangunan adalah dengan memasang pengekang (bracing) untuk bangunan tinggi. Tujuan dari analisa ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku pemakaian bracing khususnya displacement. Hasil dari analisa ini menunjukkan terjadinya pengurangan simpangan horizontal gedung karena adanya penambahan rangka bracing. Selisih presentase simpangan horizontal gedung tanpa bresing dan gedung dengan menggunakan bresing X adalah 82,519%. Sedangkan selisih presentase simpangan horizontal gedung tanpa rangka bresing dan gedung dengan menggunakan bresing V adalah 64,904%.Kata kunci: analisa pushover , bracing, displacement, gempa
Kontribusi Kuat Lentur Polikarbonat Pada Pelat Beton Berpori (The Contribution of Polycarbonate Flexural Strength into Porous Concrete Slab)
Authors: Nurtanto Dwi
Published: February 2018

Polycarbonate is thermoplastic polymer group. It is easily formed using heat. Plastic has many advantages, namely thermal resistance compared to other types of plastic, resistant to impact, and very clear. The purpose of this research is to replace steel in reinforced concrete with polycarbonate and it is expected to contribute a good flexural strength on the porous concrete slab. The test specimen is 40x40x5 cm and the variation widths of polycarbonate are 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm. Polycarbonates are arranged in the x direction and y direction, such as the reinforcement in concrete slab. The distance between the pores in concrete slab is 8 cm. Once the concrete aged 28 days, the next step is testing the flexural strength. The results show the concrete compressive strength is 24.699 MPa. The biggest average flexural test is in porous concrete slab with diameter of reinforcement is 6 mm. Meanwhile, for porous concrete slab without reinforcement and porous concrete slab with polycarbonate have flexural strength which is almost the same. This is because there is no bond between polycarbonate and concrete, so that the adhesion between them is very small and virtually non-existent. In addition, the results show that there is no contribution of polycarbonate flexural strength in concrete slab.

Polikarbonat adalah suatu kelompok polimer termoplastik yang mudah dibentuk dengan menggunakan panas. Plastik ini memiliki banyak keunggulan, yaitu ketahanan termal dibandingkan dengan plastik jenis lain, tahan terhadap benturan, dan sangat bening. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengganti material baja pada beton bertulang dengan polikarbonat dan diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi kuat lentur yang baik pada pelat beton berpori. Ukuran benda uji adalah 40x40x5 cm, dimana variasi ukuran lebar polikarbonat adalah 2 cm, 4 cm dan 6 cm. Polikarbonat disusun dalam arah x dan arah y, seperti penulangan pada pelat beton. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengecoran. Jarak antar pori pada pelat beton adalah 8 cm. Setelah beton berumur 28 hari maka dilakukan pengujian kuat lentur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kuat tekan karakteristik beton adalah sebesar 24.699 MPa. Hasil kuat lentur rata-rata yang paling besar terjadi pada pelat beton berpori dengan tulangan diameter 6 mm, sedangkan untuk plat beton berpori tanpa tulangan dan dengan polikarbonat hasil kuat lenturnya hampir sama. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya lekatan antara lembaran polikarbonat dan beton, sehingga daya lekat polikarbonat terhadap beton sangat kecil dan bisa dikatakan tidak ada. Selain itu, hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya kontribusi kuat lentur polikarbonat pada beton berpori.
Evaluasi Standar Pelayanan Minimum dan Tingkat Kepuasan Penumpang di Stasiun Kereta Api Jember dengan Penerapan Sistem Boarding Pass
Authors: Ratnasari Septiana Desy , Kriswardhana Willy , Hayati Nunung Nuring
Published: February 2018

Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan transportasi massal di Kabupaten Jember, banyak masyarakat menuntut suatu angkutan umum yang aman, cepat, ekonomis dan lancar. Kereta api merupakan transportasi massal yang cukup efisien karena lebih ekonomis, aman dan waktu tempuh yang cepat. Maka dari itu PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) perlu meningkatkan pelayanan dan fasilitas Stasiun Jember agar menjadi daya tarik masyarakat untuk menggunakan jasa angkutan kereta api. Penerapan sistem Boarding Pass di Stasiun Jember saat ini perlu dievaluasi untuk menilai pelayanan dan fasilitas stasiun berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: PM 48 Tahun 2015. Analisa standar pelayanan minimum di Stasiun Jember sudah pernah dilakukan sebelum penerapan sistem boarding pass. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan dan harapan penumpang yang diukur berdasarkan kuesioner. Data kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert diolah menggunakan program SPSS dengan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan digambarkan dengan diagram Kartesius. Kesenjangan antara tingkat kepuasan dan kepentingan didapat berupa nilai GAP dengan indikator terbesar di bawah rata-rata yaitu permasalahan lahan parkir yang tersedia di Stasiun Jember.
Identifikasi Risiko Dominan Internal Non Teknis Yang Berdampak Pada Biaya Konstruksi High Rise Building Menggunakan Metode Severity Index
Authors: Fara Dita Adriani Okta , Ratnaningsih Anik , Sukmawati Sri
Published: February 2018

Proyek High Rise Building memiliki kompleksitas pekerjaan yang sangat tinggi sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya risiko sangat besar. Risiko yang kemungkinan terjadi dapat menghambat pekerjaan proyek dan dapat berpengaruh pada biaya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisir dampak-dampak yang disebabkan oleh risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dominan pada proyek kontruksi high rise building yang berdampak pada biaya. Identifikasi risiko ditinjau dari aspek internal non teknis meliputi : risiko biaya, manajemen konstruksi, ketidakpastian pekerjaan, terlambatnya proyek, ketidakpastian material dan peralatan. Metode yang digunakan dengan melakukan kuisioner pada pengelola manajemen proyek High Rise Building. Metode analisis menggunakan metode Pearson. Analisis risiko dominan diperoleh dari kuisioner utama dan dianalisis berdasarkan konsep metode Severity Index (SI) serta pengukuran nilai tingkat risiko. Hasil analisis di dapat 12 risiko internal dominan yang berdampak pada biaya. Risiko yang paling dominan dengan nilai severity index dan nilai risiko terbesar adalah rencana pemilik proyek yang sering berubah-ubah, sehingga biaya akibat risiko tersebut dapat mencapai total nilai 10% dari nilai kontrak.
Um centenário da Revolução Russa (1917–2017) e a burguesia revela seu lado perverso
Authors: Orso Paulino José
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo realizamos uma análise do significado da Revolução Russa. Tomando-a como centro da história, analisamos as condições e as razões profundas que a desencadearam e também as lutas que foram impetradas contra União Soviética tendo em vista não só seu aniquilamento, como a tentativa de eliminar até mesmo a ideia de Revolução. Todavia, a despeito de todos os ataques dos burgueses contra os trabalhadores, os ideais da revolução proletária jamais desaparecerão antes que a propriedade de privada e a sociedade de classes sejam suprimidas. Diante das investidas da burguesia, cada vez mais, a revolução coloca-se como uma necessidade e uma exigência para a sobrevivência, tanto da natureza quanto da humanidade.
Sobre a escola “sem” partido
Authors: Malanchen Julia
Published: February 2018

FRIGOTTO, Gaudêncio (Org.). Escola “sem” partido: esfinge que ameaça a educação e a sociedade brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. da UERJ; Ed. da LPP, 2017. 144 p.Resenhado por: Julia Malanchen
Gifts
Authors: Tanner Marcel
Published: February 2018

At twenty-twoI was fast, fit, painless.Speed went first,ligaments next,And grace turned awkward.Vision blurs close,but I see better with eyes closed.Nestor saw it too“The gods won’t give us all their gifts at once”
Umrah Trends: Question Between Following Sunna and Spiritual Tourism
Authors: Dewi Subkhani Kusuma
Published: February 2018

Spiritual tourism is not a new phenomenon. It has been studied from tourism perspectives. However, when the tourism became a global trend of religious expression, the perspective of the sociology of religion get its place. In Indonesia, although Muslims perform hajj, visiting and praying in famous cemeteries (ziyāra), and umrah are also included into this trip. Spiritual tourism at the same time has affected and has been affected by religious views, including the understanding of what is referred to as Sunna. This condition has enfolded how umrah is performed as a social trend today. By looking at the concept of spiritual tourism from sociological perspective, this paper further utilizes umrah and hajj travel agencies’ angle in seeing of what is so called Sunna, and how it has influenced the performance of umrah. The study demonstrates the important role of travel agencies in forming a strategy to attract pilgrims by two steps: by binding umrah as a recreation/travel and placing it as a modern distinctive way of worship.
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Approach against a Microscopic Representation Skill in Atom and Molecule Concept
Authors: Wisudawati Asih Widi
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research in to know microscopic representation change in atom and molecule concept which is influenced by STEM Education. This research is one of the sequences in Research and Development of test instrument by chemistry software. The kind of this research is fieldwork research with one group pre-test and post-test design. Subjects in this research are the twenty-seven  students in MBS Senior High School grade 11 th in Yogyakarta region. STEM Education can improve student microscopic representation skill from 30.18 to 54.62 in average score and based on student result in painting molecule with ChemDraw and Avogadro's application, there are a lot of improvement in understanding concept.
Correlation of Peer Assessment with Learning Achievement in Predict Observe Explain (POE) Learning
Authors: Arlianty Widinda Normalia
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the correlation between peer assessment with learning achievement. The learning achievement was obtained from the value of chemistry practicum by taking three values, namely the value of responses and the pretest values taken using written test, and the value of practical skills taken using the peer assessment observation sheet. This research is a descriptive  study. The sample of this research is second-semester student, force 2015/2016 Chemical Education Study Program, Islamic University of Indonesia. Data analysis using nonparametric statistic correlation test Spearman Rank Order Correlation. Based on statistical analysis, it is found that there is a correlation between peer assessment and student learning achievement: 1) correlation of peer assessment with response 0,722; correlation of peer assessment with pretest of 0.651; and the correlation of peer assessment with practical skills of 0.617
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY OF FABRICATION NO2 GAS SENSOR DEVICES WITH ACTIVE LAYER In2O3
Authors: Widodo Slamet
Published: February 2018

This paper discuss the design and fabrication of NO2 gas sensor based on metal oxide using thick film technology was described. The design of gas sensor is consisted of components, i.e. heater, electrode (interdigital fingers) and sensitive layer from In2O3 material. This sensor has been designed as multilayers with heater and both electrodes in one surface, in accordance with miniaturisation aspect, heat distribution and less consumption of energy from the sensor device. The heater and electrode were fabricated on alumina substrate (aluminum oxide/Al2O3) with silver paste. The In2O3 layer provides\ resistance change when it is exposed by NO2 gas. It indicates that this sensor device has a potency to be used as NO2 detector.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF BIOSURFACTANT BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA USING CASSAVA FLOUR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER AS MEDIA
Authors: Suryanti Venty , Hastuti Sri , Handayani Desi Suci
Published: February 2018

Biosynthesis of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been prepared using cassava flour industrial wastewater (manipueira) as medium. The optimum condition of the biosurfactans biosynthesis was obtained using media containing nutrient broth and manipueira without centrifugation (NBM) with 4 days fermentation. UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra indicated that the biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid containing hydroxyl, ester, carbocylic and aliphatic carbon chain functional groups. Biosurfactant exhibited critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 576  mg/L and surface tension value of 0.045  N/m. The biosurfactant was able to decrease the interface tension and form emulsion with benzene, toluene, gasoline and palm oil. This biosurfactant showed w/o emulsion system.
OPTIMIZING OF TIO2 SEPARATION FROM BANGKA ILMENITE BY LEACHING PROCESS USING HCL
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Hidayatullah Hari , Pramono Edi
Published: February 2018

Separation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from ilmenite Bangka has been done byleaching processusing HCl. Before the leaching process, ilmenite was roastedat 900oC for pre-oxidation (preliminary - oxidation). Leaching process carried out by variation of HCl concentration and Fe0 reducing agents. While the re-deposition of dissolved Ti4+ ion achieved by hydrolysis - condensation using 2-propanol-H2O solvents. Leaching the pre-oxidazed ilmenite shows the phase change of  pseudobrokite (Fe2TiO5) into hematite (Fe2O3) and synthetic rutile (TiO2). Formation of the synthetic rutile was characterized by the loss of intensity of Fe2TiO5 at 26.65º and the increasing intensity of rutile TiO2 at 27.49º.The dissolution rate of both titanium and iron was found to be increased, generally, by increasing acid concentration in case of HCl as well as by increasing ilmenite: Fe0 ratio. Precipitation of the dissolved titania with 2-propanol -H2Oof 8:2(v /v) produced anatase TiO2 due to the hydrolysis and condensation of Ti-tetra isopropoxide complexes.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD VALIDATION OF α-MANGOSTIN ASSAY IN MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana L.) FRUIT RIND EXTRACT FORMULATED IN ORAL SOLUTION
Authors: Nurhidayati Liliek , Sofiah Siti , Sumarny Ros , Caesar Kevin
Published: February 2018

Mangosteen fruit rind extract contain a lot of antioxidants. α-Mangostin is a component in mangosteen fruit rind that has highest antioxidant effect. The oral solution containing mangosteen fruit rind extract is required an assay method for quality assessment. Determination of a very low concentration of analyte in sample with very complex matrix, such as α-mangostin in oral solution, needs a selective and sensitive method, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, α-mangostin assay was performed by reverse phase HPLC system using octadecylsilane (C18) as stationary phase,  methanol-water (90:10) as mobile phase, the flow rate is 1.0 mL/min, and the UV detector at 316 nm. The retention time of α-mangostin was 9.622 minutes. Peak of α-mangostin was well separated with resolution of 1.725. Linearity was in the range of 1.67-5.01 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.30 %, the recovery was in the range of 95.80-100.76 
REDUCTION ON THE LEVELS OF TANNINS FROM STEVIA REBAUDIANA EXTRACT USING ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Kusumaningsih Triana , Asrilya Nur Jannah , Wulandari Suci , Wardani Dewi Restu Tri , Fatihin Khoirul
Published: February 2018

Extraction of tannins from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana using ethanol 30% with a temperature variation of 30, 50, 70 and 100oC for 3 hours was performed. Reduction on the levels of tannins in stevia extract is done by using activated carbon.
               The results showed the greatest weight of the extract at 70oC is 1.008 g and extract relatively alkaline pH. Reduction on the levels of tannins on stevia extracts done by passing the extract of stevia in the burette containing activated carbon as much as 4 times the cycle. Tannin concentration was reduced by 39.74%.
PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2 NANO SUPPORTED ON MEMBRANE CELLULOSE ACETATE/NATA DE COCO (CA/NDC) IN PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE
Authors: Prawithasari Roro Ernia , Fadilah Ilma , Mudjijono Mudjijono , Saraswati Teguh Endah , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: February 2018

Study of synthesis and effectiveness of membrane catalyst of cellulose acetate/nata de coco-TiO2 nano (CA/NDC-TiO2 nano) in photodegradation of methylene blue in batch system has been investigated. TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 450oC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images indicate nano TiO2 has been successfully synthesized with average particle diameter as 88,63±4,37 nm.  X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of nano TiO2  shows some characteristic peaks of anatase TiO2 were still existed. Membrane photocatalyst of CA/NDC- nano TiO2 was prepared via phase inversion method by mixing TiO2 nanoparticles with CA casting solution. Thermogravimetric analysis shows three decomposition steps of CA/NDC-nano membrane as well as CA/NDC membrane. Photodegradation of methylene blue was conducted with nano-TiO2  particles and CA/NDC-TiO2 membrane for 50 minutes in batch system. The absorbance changes were measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 664.6 nm. The result shows the photodegradation rections tended to follow second order reaction. According to the rate constant value, k, the photocatalytic effectivity using CA-NDC/nano TiO2 membrane and nano TiO2photocatalysts in metilen blue photodegradation, statistically were not significantly different.
SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF HYDROXY OF CITRONELLOL WITH CHLORIDE USING A MIXTURE OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND SULPHURIC ACID
Authors: Sayekti Endah , Silalahi Imelda H , Zaharah Titin Anita
Published: February 2018

Substitution reaction of hydroxy of citronellol with chloride using a mixture of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has been conducted. The citronellol was obtained from the reduction of citronellal using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature for 30 minutes. Substitution of hydroxy of citronellol with chloride ion was carried out at 80 oC and molarity ratio of citronellol and NH4Cl 1:1, 1:2; 1:3; and 1:4 respectively. Identification of the product by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the substitution reaction produced 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane compound with rendemen 64,49 % in mol ratio of 1:4. The infra red (IR) analysis showed that there was a vibration at wave number 763 cm-1 which is a typical C-Cl vibrations.
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CHITOSAN NANO-PARTICLES CORROSION INHIBITION ON THE SURFACE OF MILD STEELIN PEAT WATER MEDIA
Authors: Erna Maria , Emriadi Emriadi , Alif Admin , Arief Syukri
Published: February 2018

The thermodynamic properties and characterizations of corrosion inhibition of chitosan nano-particles on the surface of mild steel in peat water media had been studied using weight loss method at temperatures of 30 - 50 oC. Steel surfaces were characterized by FT-IR spectra and SEM-EDS morphology photos. The research found that the value of DGo approaching -40 kJmol-1. The negative value of Gibbs free energy shows that the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the surface of mild steel was achemisorption and it occurred spontaneously. Meanwhile, the values of DHo is also negative confirming that the adsoprtion of inhibitor molecules is an exothermic process. The value of DSo obtained is positive, it indicates hat the inhibitor molecules were adsorbed spontaneously on the mild steel surface. The analysis on mild steel surfaces hows that the nano-particle chitosan was adsorbed on the steel surface to form the complex compounds.
MODIFICATION OF SCREEN PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODEBY POLYPYRROLE FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDROQUINONE
Authors: Ngibad Khoirul , Mulyasuryani Ani , Mardiana Diah
Published: February 2018

Electropolymerization of polypyrrole for determination of hydroquinone on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was performed using cyclic voltammetry. Electropolymerization of polypyrrole on SPCE begins with determining the optimum conditions of cyclic voltammetry (working potential, scan rate, number of cycles) and the conditions of solution (pyrrole and KCl concentrations).The working potential were varied at 0 – 0.8; 0 – 0.9; 0 – 1 V. The variation of scan rate were 50, 100, 150 mV/s and number of cycleswere 5, 10,15 cycles. The influence of pyrrole concentration was studied by providing variation of 5, 50, 100 mM. Meanwhile, the KCl concentration were at 0.1; 0.5; 1 M. The SPCE modified with polypyrrole was washed with deionized water and was dried at room temperature. The prepared polypyrrole was analyzed and based on the high anodic and cathodic peak current of the hydroquinone, it is confirmed that the preparation was succefully conducted. The optimum conditions on electropolymerization of polypyrrole areat the working potential of 0 – 0.9 V; the scan rate 100 of mV/s; the number of cyclesis 10, and at thepyrroleconcentration of 50 mM and KCl concentration of 0.5 M. SPCE modified polypyrrole can determine the hydroquinone at the concentration range of 5 – 100 μM with the sensitivity of 0.120 μA/Μm and the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.8 μM.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLUCOSE SENSOR BASED ON SiO2-CuO MATERIALS USING SCREEN PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE (SPCE)
Authors: Utamiyanti Intan Frina , Rumhayati Barlah , Mulyasuryani Ani
Published: February 2018

The development of material-based glucose sensor SiO2-CuO using Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) had been done. Three types of materials were used to detect glucose, i.e Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-SiO2-CuO, SiO2-CuO (A) dan SiO2-CuO (B). The differences composition of SiO2-CuO(A) and SiO2-CuO(B) occurred during the addition of NaOH in synthesis process of SiO2-CuO (B). The prepared materials were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry method and chrono-amperometry. Cyclic voltammetry analysis was conducted at a potential range of -1.0 - 1.5 V with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The scan rate was 100 mV/sec and the potential was varied at (-0.6), (-0.5) and (-0.4) V, in which the duration of each analysis was 5 second. Based on the result of analysis, whether by SEM, cyclic voltammetry and chrono-amperometry, the SiO2-CuO (B) was found to be the best material for detection of glucose.
SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS ORIGINATED FROM ORANGE PEEL BY SUBCRITICAL CO2 ACTIVATION METHOD
Authors: Arie Arenst Andreas , Puspaningrum Emerentina Maerilla , Muljana Henky
Published: February 2018

Low-cost and environmental friendly activated carbons were synthesized from orange peel waste by carbonization followed by activation process using supercritical carbon dioxide. The carbonization process of orange peel waste was conducted in the electrical furnace at temperature of 800 °C for 2 h. Activation process of the impregnated orange peel was carried out in the tubular furnace for 1 h at activation temperature of 140 °C and pressure variation of 80, 125 and 170 bar. Activated carbon with highest surface area of 262.173 m2/g was obtained by co2 pressure of 125 bar. The activated carbons were then utilized as adsorbents for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The batch adsorption study was carried out by varying the initial concentration of mb solution (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm). Experimental results showed that the adsorption kinetic of mb fitted the pseudo-second-order rate equation, where as for the adsorption isotherm model followed two models i.e. The dubinin- radushkevich and freundlich model. The adsorption mechanism was found to be governed by the intraparticle and surface diffusion mechanism.
REPLACING SODA ASH (NaOH) WITH KALIUM HYDROXYDE (KOH) IN DESTILATION OF BINARY ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURE
Authors: Istiqomah Ana Ulfa , Rahmawati Fitria , Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi
Published: February 2018

Soda ash (NaOH) has been used in bioethanol production in the second step destillation to increase the purity up to 90%. The destillation process will produce waste water with a high sodium content. The soda ash itself serve as an electrolyte to modify the colligative properties of the water-ethanol mixture allowing the disappearance of azeotropic point. This research aims to study the replacement of NaOH with KOH, in which the kalium is a nutrient to maintain soil fertility. This research study the thermodynamics properties, vapor-liquid equilibrium, colligative properties and also its azeotropic point in the destillation of water-ethanol mixture when KOH and NaOH were used as the additive. A model of water-ethanol mixture at a various composition of 0-100 weight % of ethanol was used. The electrolyte addition was 0.1 mol electrolyte/total weight of ethanol-water. The result shows that the addition of electrolyte into ethanol-water mixture eliminate the azeotropic point and allows the ethanol molecules to separate from water. The enthalpy of mixing between water-ethanol is 239.601 kJ/mol. It becomes 259.796 kJ/mol and 264.793 kJ/mol after the addition of NaOH and KOH, respectively. It confirming the endothermic mixing process due to different polarity between water and ethanol. The presence of electrolyte even reduce more their molecular interaction. However, the change to irregularity result a high positive entropy values that result the negative Gibbs free energy. It confirms the spontaneity of mixing. The vaporization enthalpy, Hvap, of water-ethanol mixture is 76.229 kJ/mol and it becomes 235.366 kJ/mol and 126.189 kJ/mol after the addition of NaOH and KOH. It indicates that the presence of electrolyte inhibites vaporization of water as the major component and allowing ethanol molecules to vapor producing more high purity ethanol.
Docking Method for Hovering-Type AUVs Based on Acoustic and Optical Landmarks
Authors: Maki Toshihiro ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Sato Yoshiki , Matsuda Takumi , Masuda Kotohiro , Sakamaki Takashi
Published: February 2018

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have the advantage of not requiring tether cables or human control; however, they have limited energy, and must be recovered before their batteries drain completely. To charge AUV batteries efficiently, in-situ charging systems have attracted much attention. This study proposes a method for hovering-type AUVs to dock at a seafloor station, for long-term deployment of the system with minimum human intervention. In the proposed method, an AUV docks at a seafloor station autonomously, based on both acoustic and optical landmarks attached to the station. The AUV stochastically estimates its position and orientation with regard to the station, and controls itself to land on the exact docking spot at the station. When docking is completed, the station begins electric power transmission via non-contact charging devices. The proposed method was evaluated on the AUV Tri-TON 2, and a seafloor station testbed. The vehicle succeeded in autonomous docking at the station in both the tank and sea trials. Non-contact charging during docking was also verified during the tank experiments, using the non-contact charging devices developed by our group.
Ulat Bulu Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Hama Potensial pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit [Hairy Caterpillar, Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Potential Pest on Oil Palm]
Authors: Hosang Meldy L.A. , Alouw Jelfina C. , Djufry Fadjry
Published: February 2018

The outbreaks of hairy caterpillar pests on oil palm plants that are quite severe in one of the estate oil palm plantations in West Papua occurred in 2016. Species of hairy caterpillar and the level of its damage are not known yet for certain. The purposes of this research were to identify the pest causing oil palm damage and to determine the level of palm damage, pest population and their natural enemies. Three locations were selected on the Marmare Sub District, Manokwari, West Papua. In each location, 30 plants were selected randomly in the area of the pest attack and the leaf damage was estimated. Identification result of the pest that attack young oil palm trees in PT Yongjing Investindo, West Papua was the hairy caterpillar called tusock moth, Orgyia sp. The pest caused low (5-20%) and moderate (30-40%) level of foliar damage found in 81.1% (73 plants) and 18.9% (17 plants) palm population respectively. Since palm damage potentially reduced oil palm production, regularly monitoring pest populations are needed to prevent pest outbreak.

ABSTRAK

Ledakan serangan hama ulat bulu pada tanaman kelapa sawit, cukup parah di salah satu perkebunan sawit swasta di Papua Barat terjadi pada tahun 2016. Jenis ulat bulu dan tingkat kerusakannya belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama ulat bulu, tingkat kerusakan, populasi hama, dan musuh alaminya. Survei hama dilakukan di tiga lokasi di Distrik Marmare, Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat. Pada masing-masing lokasi dipilih 30 pohon contoh secara acak pada lokasi serangan hama kemudian diestimasi tingkat kerusakan. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa jenis ulat yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit muda di PT Yongjing Investindo, Papua Barat adalah ulat bulu Orgyia sp. Dari 90 tanaman contoh, kerusakan ringan (5-20%) akibat serangan Orgyia sp. dapat mencapai 81,1% (73 tanaman) dan sebanyak 18,9% (17 tanaman), termasuk tingkat serangan sedang (30-40%). Serangan ulat bulu Orgyia sp. pada perkebunan sawit masih terbatas di Distrik Marmare, tetapi berpotensi meluas ke areal pertanaman sawit lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan monitoring dan pengendalian di lapangan untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih parah.
Variabilitas Genetik Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit Asal Angola dan Seleksi Genotipe Berbasis Famili dan Individu untuk Pembentukan Breeding Population Baru
Authors: Maskromo Ismail , Natawijaya Azis , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin , Djufri Fadjry , Syakir M.
Published: February 2018

Development a new oil palm variety is determined by the availablity of oil palm genetic materials. The genetic variability could be resulted from both intra and inter family variation. Angola oil palm germplasm is a new oil palm material which were collected from natural habitat in Angola, Africa by Indonesian oil palm qonsortium. The objective of this research were to identify genotypes which carrying any specific characters as well as genotypes-based selection of families and individuals for the formation of a new breeding population. The research were conducted at Kebun Percobaan Sitiung, West Sumatra from January until Desember 2016. The result showed that the genetic variability within and among families are relatively high. There are some genotypes and families selected. The selected genotypes could be used for formation a new breeding population.

ABSTRAK

Keberhasilan pengembangan varietas unggul kelapa sawit untuk program intensifikasi ditentukan oleh ketersedian material genetik dan variabilitas genetiknya yang luas. Variasi genetik pada plasma nutfah dapat berasal dari variasi antar individu dalam famili dan variasi antar famili. Karakterisasi plasma nutfah kelapa sawit asal Angola bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi plasma nutfah kelapa sawit asal Angola, mengidentifikasi genotype-genotipe yang memiliki karakter spesifik, serta seleksi genotype berbasis family dan individu untuk pembentukan breeding populations baru. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sitiung, Sumatera Barat pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2016. Semua individu pada semua famili di populasi dura dan tenera/pisifera digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plasma nutfah kelapa sawit asal Angola memiliki variabilitas genetik yang luas. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi genotipe-genotipe yang memiliki karakter spesifik dan famili-famili terseleksi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut dapat digunakan untuk merakit populasi baru untuk pemuliaan kelapa sawit tipe baru.
The capabilities that count for early professional success in Pharmacy: A case study of graduates, employer and course teaching team perspectives
Authors: Tee Lisa , Ferns Sonia , Hughes Jeffery D
Published: February 2018

This study gathered and analysed the perceptions of graduates, employers, and the course team regarding graduate capabilities required for early professional success in pharmacy and the extent to which these capabilities are demonstrated in new graduates. The Graduate Employability Indicator (GEI) surveys were administered online to gather stakeholders’ perceptions about the Bachelor of Pharmacy offered at a large Australian university. The GEI asks graduates the extent to which their course experience contributed to achievement of the capabilities, and asks employers and course teams about the extent to which new graduates demonstrated the capabilities. This study also assessed the incentives and disincentives of the course team for assisting to develop work-related skills, attributes and personal qualities.   In total, 95 graduates, 109 employers and 42 members of the course team participated in the survey.  The findings indicated that graduates preferred earlier professional placement in the course. Employers identified communication and professional skills as the most useful capabilities for new graduates. Members of the course team identified benefits to the students, industry and university as the main incentives for developing graduate employability. Both employers and course team members perceived the use of technology demonstrated by the graduates as important, however the graduates perceived this as much less important compared to other capabilities This study provided an evidence-based approach to engage the course team in curriculum renewal for the Bachelor of Pharmacy program. Data collected using the GEI tool provided valuable information for reshaping the curriculum structure.
Twenty years of grain sorghum and soybean yield response to tillage and N fertilization of a claypan soil
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W.
Published: February 2018

Crops grown without tillage on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains often yield less than with tillage, especially cereals that require careful management regarding N fertilization. The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum and soybean in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/515.
Sensor‐based nitrogen fertilization for midseason rice production in southeast Missouri
Authors: Foster Anserd , Atwell Sam , Dunn David
Published: February 2018

Sensor‐based nitrogen (N) decision management tools have shown potential to improve N fertilizer efficiency, yield, and profitability. Small‐plot experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of sensor‐based management in guiding midseason N application decisions. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/536.
Growth of Spiral Vortices in a Globally Unstable Region on a Rotating Disk
Authors: Keunseob Lee , Yu Nishio , Seiichiro Izawa , Yu Fukunishi
Published: February 2018

Background:

Instabilities on a rotating disk ﬂow can be classiﬁed into two distinct groups, convective instability and global instability. Contrary to the convective instability, many characteristics of the global instability are left unknown despite of a lot of researches.

Objective:

The study investigates the characteristics of the globally unstable mode.

Method:

Numerical simulation is carried out by a finite difference method. The simulation code solves the full Navier-Stokes perturbation equations and the continuity equation.

Results:

Four cases with azimuthal domain sizes of 2π/10, 2π/70, 2π/80 and 2π/90 are compared. In all cases, a short-duration wall-normal random suction and blowing is introduced from the wall at the beginning of the computation. In the computation for the wider size 2π/10 domain, wavenumber components of 70, 80 and 90 are all found to co-exist in the ﬂow ﬁeld, with the wavenumber 80 component being much stronger than the other two components. The strength of the wavenumber 80 component is equivalent to the narrower domain case. For the other two wavenumber components of 70 and 90, the strengths in the wider domain case are much lower compared to the corresponding narrower domain cases. When the same wavenumber components are compared between the wider and narrower domain computations, no difference can be found, indicating that each wavenumber component grows by the global instability.

Conclusion:

The results imply that the amplitude saturation levels of wavenumber components 70 and 90 are suppressed by the wavenumber 80 component through the nonlinear effect.
Relation Between Convective Instability and Global Instability on a Rotating Disk
Authors: Keunseob Lee , Yu Nishio , Seiichiro Izawa , Yu Fukunishi
Published: February 2018

Background:

The velocity fluctuations grow dominantly by convective instability form 32 spiral vortices which are stationary with respect to the disk. However, recent researches suggest that the global instability plays a role in the boundary layer transition.

Objective:

The study looks into the relation between convective instability and global instability.

Method:

A finite difference method is used to carry out numerical simulation. The full Navier-Stokes perturbation equations and the continuity equation solved by simulation code.

Results:

A disturbance is continuatively introduced to excite the convectively unstable mode, which successfully generates a flow field with 32 spiral and stationary vortices. Next, a short-duration artificial disturbance with an azimuthal wavenumber of 64 is introduced at Reynolds number of 530 in order to introduce a velocity fluctuation of the traveling mode, which is globally unstable. It is shown that the source of vibration for the globally unstable mode exists between Reynolds number of 560 and 670. Finally, the global and traveling wavenumber 64 component is excited in a flow field which is dominated by the convective and stationary wavenumber 32 component. It is shown that the wavenumber 64 component grows by the global instability even when the excitation is very weak.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the reason why the globally unstable mode has not been observed in experiments is because the boundary layer transition caused by the convective instability takes place before the globally unstable mode can start to grow by itself.
Lichens growth on Sun Temple of Konark in Odisha, India- A curse or blessing
Authors: Nayak Sandeep Kumar , Behera Prashant Kumar , Bajpai Rajesh , Upreti Dalip Kumar , Satapathy Kunja Bihari
Published: February 2018

The present observation on the famous Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha for Lichen growth revealed that a more than 500 different spots were found on main temple, small sculptures erected within the temple premises and boundary walls. A total of 15 species belonging 14 genera and 11 families were found growing on the sites surveyed. Ten lichen species tightly adhere to the substrate forming crust (crustose lichen) and producing secondary metabolites were dominated on almost all the sites while only four leafy (foliose lichen) species and one squamulose species were recorded.