bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of human leukocyte antigen groups with oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Tufan Ayse Nur , Oguz Fatma Savran , Tufan Fatih , Kekik Cigdem , Tarakci Fatma Bilgin , Sargin Deniz , Besisik Sevgi Kalayoglu
Published: October 2020

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may lead to toxicity that impair quality of life. Associations between some diseases and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) groups have been long recognized. A genetic contribution as the association of HLA groups with OM after HSCT, has not been reported to date. We aimed to assess whether an association of HLA phenotype and OM after allogeneic HSCT exists.Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which OM was assessed with clinical questioning and examination. Association of OM with gender, age, HLA phenotypes, diagnosis, conditioning regimen, stem cell source, engraftment times, and complications was investigated.Results: 45 patients were enrolled. All the patients with HLA-B44 phenotype developed mild OM, while all patients with HLA-DR15 phenotype developed severe OM. HLA-A23, HLA-B21, HLA-B44, HLA-DR15, and HLA-DR11 were associated with shorter OM duration. HLA-A26 and HLA-B52 were associated with longer OM duration. Myeloablative conditioning regimen and longer duration of neutropenia were associated with longer OM duration. Regression analysis revealed HLA-B44 and HLA-DR11 as independent factors associated with milder OM.Conclusion: We identified that some HLA alleles correlated with OM severity and duration. These findings may facilitate predicting risk of morbidity and may provide incorporation of individualized preventive and treatment approaches.
Charge order from structured coupling in VSe$_2$
Authors: Henke Jans , Flicker Felix , Laverock Jude , van Wezel Jasper
Published: October 2020

Charge order–ubiquitous among correlated materials–is customarily
described purely as an instability of the electronic structure. However,
the resulting theoretical predictions often do not match high-resolution
experimental data. A pertinent case is 1T1T-VSe_22,
whose single-band Fermi surface and weak-coupling nature make it
qualitatively similar to the Peierls model underlying the traditional
approach. Despite this, its Fermi surface is poorly nested, the thermal
evolution of its charge density wave (CDW) ordering vectors displays an
unexpected jump, and the CDW gap itself evades detection in direct
probes of the electronic structure. We demonstrate that the thermal
variation of the CDW vectors is naturally reproduced by the electronic
susceptibility when incorporating a structured, momentum-dependent
electron-phonon coupling, while the evasive CDW gap presents itself as a
localized suppression of spectral weight centered above the Fermi level.
Our results showcase the general utility of incorporating a structured
coupling in the description of charge ordered materials, including those
that appear unconventional.
Bistabilities and domain walls in weakly open quantum systems
Authors: Lange Florian , Rosch Achim
Published: October 2020

Weakly pumped systems with approximate conservation laws can be
efficiently described by (generalized) Gibbs ensembles if the steady
state of the system is unique. However, such a description can fail if
there are multiple steady state solutions, for example, a bistability.
In this case domains and domain walls may form. In one-dimensional (1D)
systems any type of noise (thermal or non-thermal) will in general lead
to a proliferation of such domains. We study this physics in a 1D spin
chain with two approximate conservation laws, energy and the
zz-component
of the total magnetization. A bistability in the magnetization is
induced by the coupling to suitably chosen Lindblad operators. We
analyze the theory for a weak coupling strength
\epsilonϵ
to the non-equilibrium bath. In this limit, we argue that one can use
hydrodynamic approximations which describe the system locally in terms
of space- and time-dependent Lagrange parameters. Here noise terms
enforce the creation of domains, where the typical width of a domain
wall goes as \sim 1/\sqrt{\epsilon}∼1/ϵ
while the density of domain walls is exponentially small in
1/\sqrt{\epsilon}1/ϵ.
This is shown by numerical simulations of a simplified hydrodynamic
equation in the presence of noise.
voto religioso en Melilla
Authors: Idrobo Bedoya Luz Helena
Published: October 2020

El voto religioso en España ha sido tradicionalmente relacionado con la iglesia católica. Sin embargo, en una sociedad cada día más multicultural el voto religioso también puede analizarse desde otras confesiones, como por ejemplo el islam. Así, la propuesta de esta reflexión es analizar mediante un estudio de caso cómo existe un voto religioso islámico en una ciudad autónoma de España, como lo es Melilla. De esta manera, se propone que a través de un análisis electoral se evidencie una división en el comportamiento político de Melilla en dos grandes bloques (católicos y musulmanes) en las elecciones generales del año 2019. 
Palabras clave:
Voto Religioso, comportamiento político, elecciones, clivaje.
Editorial
Authors: Reyes Guzman Sebastian Camilo
Published: October 2020

La revista Criterios. Cuadernos de Ciencias Jurídicas y Política Internacional, se enfrenta a nuevos retos y desafíos significativos, en el marco de su proceso de renovación y reinvención como espacio dialógico de confluencia académica, investigativa y reflexiva. En ese sentido, Criterios, buscará constituirse como un medio para visibilizar las discusiones sobre problemáticas sociales, políticas, culturales y económicas desde perspectivas críticas, suscitará la implementación de nuevas prácticas investigativas, pedagógicas y relacionales, como mecanismos para la trasformación y generación de nuevo conocimiento, y, apelará a los escenarios discursivos donde converjan las Relaciones Internacionales, la Ciencia Política y el Derecho, desarrollando debates y análisis concienzudos de fenómenos contemporáneos, de alto interés e impacto para el tejido social. Este prolijo camino se desarrollará de acuerdo con todos los parámetros, exigencias y estándares de calidad, plasmados en la Politica Editorial de la Revista.
Movimiento indígena y agenda reivindicativa en las reformas estatales: una perspectiva comparada de la experiencia en Bolivia y Colombia, 1970-2005
Authors: Cabezas Mora Adriana Marcela
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se analiza la experiencia de movilización indígena en Bolivia y Colombia desde los años setenta hasta la consolidación de una agenda indígena reivindicativa en los procesos constituyentes en estos países. Se busca identificar las condiciones que fungen como detonantes de lo que diversos autores denominan la politización étnica» como un cuestionamiento radical a la visión monista del Estado. Se contemplan tres elementos explicativos en la movilización social: liderazgos indígenas, agenda reivindicativa y contexto de oportunidad política. Se plantea como tesis que el tránsito indígena de actor social a político fue posible gracias al repertorio de acción colectiva que incubó un terreno político-institucional propicio para impulsar reformas.
Palabras clave:Movimientos sociales, liderazgos, indígenas, repertorio de acción, pluralismo, identidad, contexto de oportunidad.
Application of thermography in equine veterinary practice
Authors: M. Godlewska , M. Soroko , P. Zielińska
Published: October 2020

Thermography is a non-invasive diagnostic method that measures the temperature of the body surface. Its operation is based on the recording and visualization of infrared radiation emitted by the surface of the body in the form of temperature distribution. The result is a thermogram, which reveals the physiological state of the horse, reflecting the pattern of blood flow and the speed of metabolic processes in the area of the horse’s body under examination. It also shows the influence of environmental conditions prevailing during the test. Thermography has been widely used in veterinary medicine as a supplementary diagnostic tool for injuries and other pathologies of the locomotory apparatus, as a tool for monitoring the process of tissue regeneration and the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs, and as an auxiliary tool for distinguishing between acute, chronic and subclinical disease states. However, most of the studies on thermography in equine veterinary medicine are based on relatively small research groups, which limits the sensitivity and specificity of this method in scientific research. This review article presents the latest research on the use of thermography in veterinary medicine, including its benefits and limitations.
Hydrodynamic modelling and model sensitivities to bed roughness and bathymetry offset in a micro-tidal estuary
Authors: Khanarmuei Mohammadreza , Suara Kabir , Sumihar Julius , Brown Richard J.
Published: October 2020

Tidal estuaries support everyday functions for over 80% of Australia's population living within 50 km of the coastline and thus come under immense pressure of physicochemical changes. Most studies in estuarine applications have used the bed roughness as the single calibration parameter to calibrate hydrodynamic modelling, yet errors in bathymetric data can significantly impose uncertainties into the model outputs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of a hydrodynamic model of a micro-tidal estuary to both the bed roughness and bathymetry offset through comparing observed and modelled water level and velocity. Treating both bathymetry offset and bed roughness as calibration parameters, three calibration scenarios were tested to examine the impact of these parameters. To validate the model, Lagrangian drifter data as a new dataset in shallow estuaries were used. The analysis shows that model outputs are more sensitive to the variation of bathymetry offset than bed roughness. Results show that calibrating the bathymetry offset alone can significantly improve model performance. Simultaneous calibration of both parameters can provide further improvement, particularly for capturing the water level. Drifter and modelled velocities are highly correlated during flood tides, whereas the correlation is low for slack water because of wind-induced current on drifters.
Determination of log removal values of bacteria by spiral-wound reverse osmosis modules and a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module using Escherichia coli and indigenous heterotrophic bacteria as indicators
Authors: Ohkouchi Yumiko , Ase Tomonobu
Published: October 2020

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been expanding not only to medical applications but also to water supply and reclaimed water applications due to its strong ability to remove a wide range of contaminants. Many researchers reported RO performance as a barrier against waterborne viruses; however, there are limited reports on its ability to remove bacteria from water. This investigation evaluated the removal performances of several spiral-wound RO modules and a hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) module in two different ways: dosing tests in batch-wise mode operation and in continuous-mode operation. The dosing tests of Escherichia coli using RO modules confirmed that E. coli could leak from the feed-side into the permeate. The log removal values (LRVs) (4.21- to >7.44-log10) by the RO modules from different production lots were found to vary greatly. In continuous-mode operation of the RO module, the LRVs for indigenous heterotrophic bacteria decreased over the operation period. These results clearly illustrate that bacteria, which originate on the feed-side, can leak into the permeate-side and then begin to proliferate in the permeate. On the other hand, using a UF module, E. coli was not detected in the permeate regardless of the operation mode.
Study on optimal start-up time and water usage volume of blowdown residue discharge of mesh filter
Authors: Shi Kai , Liu Zhenji , Xie Yan , Li Man
Published: October 2020

The water volume used for blowdown of a mesh filter is one of the important indicators to evaluate the economic benefit of a mesh filter. The amount of water used for drainage of the mesh filter can be controlled by setting the start-up time of the blowdown residue discharge of the mesh filter. Through the indoor prototype test, the sediment of the Manas riverbed in Xinjiang, China, was used as the filter medium to test the mesh filter and analyze the water usage volume at each stage. The test focused on the analysis of the trend of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the mesh filter over the filtration time. The results showed that as the filtration time was prolonged, the inlet and outlet pressure difference of the mesh filter showed an S-shaped curve with time. The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet can be divided into four stages, i.e., the start of filtering to the first inflection point of the abrupt change in the pressure difference, the first inflection point of the abrupt pressure difference change to the median point of filtering, the median point of filtering to the second inflection point of the abrupt change in the pressure difference, and the second inflection point of the abrupt pressure difference change to the end of filtering. At the same time, the water usage volume for blowdown was calculated under various working conditions. This paper analyzed the start-up time of blowdown at three different time points, i.e., after the completion of the entire filtration cycle of the traditional mesh filter, at the first inflection point of pressure difference, and at the second inflection point of pressure difference. The tests were performed under the condition that the filtration cycle of the mesh filter was ten days. The results have shown that compared with the traditional screen filter that starts the blowdown at the end of the entire filtration cycle, starting the blowdown at the first inflection point of pressure difference can save 200–300 m3 of water resources for a single mesh filter, and starting the blowdown at the second inflection point of pressure difference can save 30–90 m3 of water resources for a single mesh filter. Meanwhile, the working conditions in the analyses in this paper were consistent with the actual engineering operating conditions. It is recommended that the mesh filter in the micro-irrigation system use the first inflection point of pressure difference to control the start-up time of the blowdown residue discharge, which can not only save water resources, but also ensure that the mesh filter runs at the optimal filtering conditions.
A review on harvesting and harnessing rainwater: an alternative strategy to cope with drinking water scarcity
Authors: Khanal Ghanashyam , Thapa Anusha , Devkota Niranjan , Paudel Udaya Raj
Published: October 2020

Currently available sources of water face extreme pressures around the globe because of oblivious human activities as well as changing climate. The rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) carries a huge potential to enhance surface and groundwater resources in regions having a poor water supply. Recently, several countries have started to promote the updated implementation of such practice to tackle the problem of growing water demand. These considerations motivated our enthusiasm for looking at its current circumstances and the possibility of RWHS in the future. In this regard, the study aims to identify the evidence gap among different determinants (climate change, reliability, water quality and financial viability) intertwined with RWHS. In the paper, studies related to the significance of RWHS amidst scarcity of water around the globe, published in valued journals from 2000 to 2020, are reviewed. We found that the RWHS becomes economically viable when certain steps and risk assessment methods are executed in planning and maintaining this system. The study concludes that drinking water sufficiency is possible if a sustainable drinking water supply system is built via RWHS.
Water reuse: dairy effluent treated by a hybrid anaerobic biofilm baffled reactor and its application in lettuce irrigation
Authors: Santos K. A. , Gomes T. M. , Rossi F. , Kushida M. M. , Del Bianchi V. L. , Ribeiro R. , Alves M. S. M. , Tommaso G.
Published: October 2020

There is a synergy between the large quantities of organics-rich effluents generated by the dairy industry and the continually increasing water needs for crop irrigation. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the stability and efficiency of a hybrid anaerobic biofilm baffled reactor (HABBR) treating simulated fat- and salt-rich dairy wastewater, followed by its agricultural reuse. The reactor was monitored over 328 days, during which 72, 24, and 12 h were the hydraulic detention times. After achieving steady-state, the reactor presented organic matter removal greater than 90% and produced biogas with 41 ± 23%, 53 ± 3%, and 64 ± 12% of methane for HRTs of 72, 24, and 12 h, respectively. The best process performance was observed for an HRT of 24 h, and thus, a lettuce culture was irrigated with the treated effluent. The irrigation was performed in five different treatments, for which the amount of treated effluent added to tap water varied from 0 to 100%. Both the effluent and the harvested vegetables were evaluated for microbial contamination. Apart from the 75% effluent supply condition, there were no losses in leaf mass or area observed; instead, there was an increase of these parameters for the 25% and 50% effluent supply treatment. The use of dairy effluent treated by the HABBR allowed for microbiologically safe food production. Therefore, the process offered both potential cost reduction for fertilizers, preservation of water resources, and a renewable energy source.
Simulate permeable reactive barrier by using a COMSOL model and comparison with the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Clark models for CR dye remediation by composite adsorbent (sewage and waterworks sludge)
Authors: Faraj Samara Saad , Alkizwini Rasha Salah , Al Juboury Maad F.
Published: October 2020

The remediation of Congo Red (CR) dye by the synthetic sorbent composited from sewage and waterworks sludge was studied in batch and continuous experiments. The continuous experiments studied the composite synthetic after mixing with composite synthetic sorbent filter (CSF) glass waste to increase the hydraulic conductivity of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The synthetic composite sorbent was characterised by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption tests, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For evaluating the batch tests, the variable conditions of initial concentration, solution pH, agitation time and agitation speed were studied. The synthetic sorbent showed a high ability to remove the CR from a contaminated water, with maximum sorbent uptake equal to 9,469.211 mg/g and composite adsorbent-filter CSF equal to 4,415.946 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model governed the adsorption process. The column tests showed the highest reactivity, with 50:50 weight ratios of the adsorbent to filter glass waste. The experiments were done with different concentrations of CR and different bed heights of CSF as the PRB for 90 days. There was a delay in the breakthrough time when decreasing the contaminant concentrations and when increasing the composite adsorbent-filter CSF bed height. The breakthrough curves were well represented by the COMSOL model.
The Essence of Language in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Ysmailova Raikan Apzhaparovna , Kochkonbayeva Sonajym Ismailovna , Zhakaeva Gulsina Kochkorbaevna
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the development of language under the influence of global trends in the world. A brief comparative analysis of the concepts of «hermeneutics», «linguistics», and «philosophy of language» is carried out. The paper emphasizes the features of language development in the context of globalization, factors that affect the dynamics of the language and the formation of the «world language» are noted.
Managing the Work Environment in a Medical Organization in the Presence of Risk
Authors: Radeva Svetlana
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the risks that arise in the work environment of a medical organization. The author describes in detail the risk management program required by the health organization for the successful work of the working staff. The need to improve working conditions in medical organizations is emphasized.
Sleep and Depression: What We Know and What to Learn?
Authors: Antsyborov Andrey Viktorovich , Kalinchuk Anna Valerievna , Dubatova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2020

Presently, a lot of data indicate that the disturbance of mechanisms underlying the regulation of sleep-waking cycle coincides with the mechanisms underlying the development of depression. The disturbance of circadian rhythms is one of the core factors in the genesis of the most affective disorders including depression, which indicates the role of the internal biological clock in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. The episodes of depression, mania or hypomania may result from the disturbances in endogenous biological timing. In this review, we have summarized the literature data obtained in animal models or in the patients with affective pathology, in which the connection between the function of sleep and depression was demonstrated. Specifically, we highlight the mechanisms underlying sleep dysfunction during depression (imbalance of circadian rhythms, melatonin metabolism and mechanisms of neuroinflammatory dysregulation) and provide an evidence for the link between sleep function and depression (sleep disturbances during depressive episodes, the effects of pharmacotherapy, chronotherapy, the effect of sleep deprivation, comorbidity of obstructive sleep apnea and depression).
Formation of Foreign Language Speech Competence in a Nomadic School
Authors: Belotserkovskaya Nadezhda Vasilyevna , Zakharova Lialko Olegovna
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the formation of foreign language regional competence in nomadic conditions. To effectively form this competence, teachers need to choose appropriate tools for teaching in nomadic conditions. Active and interactive learning technologies can serve as such a tool.
Forms of Participation of Several Persons in the Commission of Crimes
Authors: Libenzon Evgenii Leonidovich
Published: October 2020

The article reveals the legal nature of complicity in a crime, reveals the objective and subjective signs of complicity, gives a description of complicity, examines the main problems that practitioners face in resolving the problems of criminal law regulation of joint participation in a crime, including the presence in the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code RF, provides a legal assessment of the legality of establishing responsibility for certain types of actions of accomplices, whose criminal liability is presented as independent offenses.
Advances in the Development of Reactivators for the Treatment of Organophosphorus Inhibited Cholinesterase
Authors: Thakur Ashima , Patil Pooja , Sharma Abha , Flora S.J.S.
Published: October 2020

Organophosphorus Compounds (OPCs) are used as pesticides to control pest, as
chemical weapons in military conflict and unfortunately in the terrorist attack. These compounds
are irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in the accumulation of
acetylcholine that leads to severe health complications which may be ended with the death of
the victim. Current antidotes used for reactivation of organophosphorus inhibited acetylcholinesterase
(OP-AChE) are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently, therefore being
incapable to reactivate OP-AChE of the central nervous system. Due to limitations with
current antidotes, there is an urgent need for new effective antidotes that could be included in
the treatment regimen of OP poisoning. In this direction, comprehensive work has been done
to improve the permeability of existing antidotes using a variety of strategies that include
synthesis of oxime bonded to peripheral site binding moiety via an alkyl, aryl, or heteroatom-containing linker, synthesis
of sugar oximes, and prodrug of 2-PAM, incorporating fluorine and chlorine in the structure of charged oximes.
Other classes of compounds such as the mannich base, N-substituted hydroxyimino acetamide, alkylating
agents, have been investigated for reactivation of OP-AChE. This review comprises the development of various
classes of reactivators with the aim of either enhancing blood-brain permeability of existing antidotes or discovering
a new class of reactivators.
Cyclocondensation of Sodium Azide with Methyl N(N),N'-di(tri)substituted Carbamimidothioate : A New Dimension for the Synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted Tetrazoles and Their Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Dukanya  , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Basappa
Published: October 2020

Synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles by the cyclization of sodium azide with
N(N),N'-di(tri)substituted carbamimidothioate is reported. Tetrazoles are obtained in good to
excellent yield in the absence of a catalyst. All the compounds were characterized by NMR
and HRMS analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(5-phenyl-
1H-tetrazol-1-yl)piperazine 5g is also provided. Further, these disubstituted tetrazoles were
tested against the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), which identified 5e as a
lead compound. Finally, we have shown in silico that these compounds may interact with the
ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor α (ERα), that expresses at high amount in MCF-7
cells.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Green Synthesis of Azole- and Pyran-based Fused Heterocycles Using MCRs and Sustainable Catalysts
Authors: Kerru Nagaraju , Gummidi Lalitha , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: October 2020

Nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur-containing fused heterocycles are of great importance
because of their exciting and diverse biological activities. The construction of the carbonnitrogen
and carbon-oxygen through a multicomponent reaction approach by using ecofriendly
reusable heterogeneous catalysts are of significant importance as it opens avenues for
the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen in organic molecules. Thus, green methodologies
have gained particular significance in this field; today, green chemistry is considered a tool
for introducing sustainable concepts at the fundamental level. This review emphasizes and
discusses the current progress on the applications of eco-friendly, recyclable heterogeneous
catalysts for the synthesis of different heterocyclic fused systems and their green protocols.
We paid particular attention to the specific integration of carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen
bond-forming fused heterocycles by a one-pot approach by evaluating the literature between 2012 and the middle of
2020. The efficiency of the catalyst is assessed in terms of reaction time, yield and possible reusability. The MCR and
heterogeneous catalyst strategies have demonstrated broader scope, economical and viability for the green and sustainable
processes in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Natural Compounds as Source of Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Mini Review
Authors: Grewal Ajmer Singh , Thapa Komal , Kanojia Neha , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir
Published: October 2020

Background:

Aldol reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway's main enzyme that portrays a crucial part
in developing ‘complications of diabetes’ involving cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. These
diabetic abnormalities are triggered tremendously via aggregation of sorbitol formation (catalyzed by AR) in
the polyol pathway. Consequently, it represents an admirable therapeutic target and vast research was done for
the discovery of novel molecules as potential AR inhibitors for diabetic complications.

Objective:

This review article has been planned to discuss an outline of diabetic complications, AR and its role
in diabetic complications, natural compounds reported as AR inhibitors, and benefits of natural/plant derived
AR inhibitors for the management of diabetic abnormalities.

Results:

The goal of AR inhibition remedy is to stabilize the increased flux of blood glucose and sorbitol via
the ‘polyol pathway’ in the affected tissues. A variety of synthetic inhibitors of AR have been established such
as tolrestat and sorbinil, but both of these face limitations including low permeability and health problems. Pharmaceutical
industries and other scientists were also undertaking work to develop newer, active, and ‘safe’ AR
inhibitors from natural sources. Therefore, several naturally found molecules were documented to possess a potent
inhibitory action on AR activity.

Conclusion:

Natural inhibitors of AR appeared as harmless pharmacological agents for controlling diabetic
complications. The detailed literature throughout this article shows the significance of herbal extracts and phytochemicals
as prospective useful AR inhibitors in treating diabetic complications.
Fabrication of Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes and their Applications in Water Treatment
Authors: Abdalla Omnya , Wahab Md A. , Abdala Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Membrane separation is at the forefront of the technologies for desalination and wastewater
treatment. However, current membranes have inherent limitations, including permeability/
selectivity trade-off and fouling susceptibility. To overcome these limitations, a new generation of advanced
membranes based on nanomaterials has emerged. Among the nanomaterials, Graphene Oxide
(GO) is regarded as the most promising nanomaterials due to its favorable characteristics such as hydrophilicity,
tunable surface chemistry, large surface area, mechanical stability, bacteriostasis, and biocidal
activities. There are currently three types of graphene-based membranes, i.e., nanoporous graphene/
GO, laminated GO, and mixed matrix membranes. The fabrication, applications, and limitations
of the three classes of membranes are analyzed. After a brief introduction to membranes, graphene,
GO, and GO functionalization, the recent advances in the fabrication of these membranes are presented.
Relevant applications of these membranes in water treatment are discussed in light of the structureperformance
relationship. Finally, the overall conclusion and our perspective on future research directions
are provided.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing in Immunology
Authors: Cao Yirui , Qiu Yue , Tu Guowei , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2020

The complex immune system is involved in multiple pathological processes. Single-cell
RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is able to analyze complex cell mixtures correct to a single cell and
single molecule, thus is qualified to analyze immune reactions in several diseases. In recent years,
scRNA-seq has been applied in many researching fields and has presented many innovative results. In
this review, we intend to provide an overview of single-cell RNA sequencing applications in immunology
and a prospect of future directions.
Pathogenesis of Age-Related Cataract: A Systematic Review of Proteomic Studies
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Tzamalis Argyrios , Aivaliotis Michalis , Tsinopoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2020

Aims:

The aim of this systematic review is to identify all the available data on human
lens proteomics with a critical role in age-related cataract formation in order to elucidate the physiopathology
of the aging lens.

Methods::

We searched on Medline and Cochrane databases. The search generated 328
manuscripts. We included nine original proteomic studies that investigated human cataractous lenses.

Results:

Deamidation was the major age-related post-translational modification. There was a significant
increase in the amount of αA-crystallin D-isoAsp58 present at all ages, while an increase in
the extent of Trp oxidation was apparent in cataract lenses when compared to aged normal lense.
During aging, enzymes with oxidized cysteine at critical sites included GAPDH, glutathione synthase,
aldehyde dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and PARK7.

Conclusion:

D-isoAsp in αA crystallin could be associated with the development of age-related cataract
in humans by contributing to the denaturation of a crystallin and decreasing its ability to act
as a chaperone. Oxidation of Trp may be associated with nuclear cataract formation in humans,
while the role of oxidant stress in age-related cataract formation is dominant.
Novel One-pot Synthesis of Pyranocarbazole Derivatives via an Isocyanidebased Three-component Reaction
Authors: Malathi Visarapu , Reddy Pedavenkatagari Narayana , Padmaja Pannala
Published: October 2020

An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of new pyrano[3,2-c]
and pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole derivatives via a three-component reaction of 4-hydroxycarbazole
or 2-hydroxycarbazole, isocyanides, and dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates. Noteworthy features
of this protocol include mild reaction conditions, catalyst-free, high atom-economy and high
yields.
Phenotypes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Direct Targeted Therapy: A Literature Review
Authors: Tan Shi Nee , Abdullah Baharudin
Published: October 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogenous chronic disorder causing hypoxemia,
excessive daytime sleepiness, non-refreshing sleep, nocturia, morning headache, irritability, and
memory loss. Cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and depression
are its long-term consequences. The difficulty in treating patients is due to poor compliance, failure
to obtain the desired outcome, and complication arising from the multimodality treatment. Direct
targeted therapy may overcome these issues. Identification of its phenotypes improves understanding
of the disease mechanism, the risk for adverse effects, and predicting response to targeted therapy.
Phenotyping of OSA allows treating patients according to their inherent disease and not based
on a “one size fits all” method, which may not be applicable for all patients. This approach may improve
patients’ compliance with treatment, minimize the associated morbidities, and consequently
improve their quality of life.
Anxiety, Insomnia and Body Mass Index Scores in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Mea Rocco , Di Dio Francesca , Canonico Anna , Galatola Vito
Published: October 2020

Background:

A new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
(COVID-19) infection was reported in Wuhan, China, becoming a global health emergency. Literature
shows how nursing work is particularly stressful and how this condition is closely connected
to the development of anxiety disorders, sleep quality and can also influence eating behavior with
consequent variations in BMI values.

Objective:

The study aims to investigate and correlate the levels of anxiety, insomnia and Body Mass Index among nurses
directly involved in the care of patients in the intensive care units with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Method:

An observatory study was conducted assessing and correlating the anxiety and insomnia levels and BMI values of
each nurse before (until December 2019) and during (until May 2020) the pandemic.

Results:

In total, 291 Italian nurses joined the study. There are no statistically significant differences
between female nurses and male nurses for both groups of participants with or without anxiety
(p=0.655). Female nurses with mild, moderate and severe insomnia levels were statistically
more than male nurses (p=0.025). For the same BMI differences, the levels of anxiety and insomnia
were statistically significant between them (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Nurses engaged in the treatment of the most serious patients with Covid-19 are subjected
to very high levels of stress due to the nature of the nursing job, shifting, poor rest, anxiety
due to health emergency period and weight gain.
Development of Glimepiride Loaded Sustained Release Microparticles Using Tubular Microreactor
Authors: Naik Jitendra , Deshmukh Rutuja , Rajput Rahul , Mishra Satyendra , Singh Mukesh K.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Glimepiride is a third-generation, oral anti-diabetic sulfonylurea drug, generally
recommended for the treatment of type–II diabetes. A biocompatible polymer, Eudragit RS 100 is
widely used for the preparation of targeted and time-controlled release of drugs. Glimepiride is encapsulated
using Eudragit RS 100 for sustained release delivery.

Objective:

To develop sustained release microparticles of Glimepiride using microreactor technology
to reduce the dosing frequency.

Method:

Microreactor precipitation method was used to develop sustained release microparticles of
Glimepiride. Plackett-Burman design was employed for the optimization of all the parameters including
the inner diameter of silicon tubing, the flow rate of solvent as well as antisolvent, length of tubing
and concentration of polymer, etc. Microparticles prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and in vitro drug release as well
as release kinetics study.

Results:

Placket Burman design was found to be effective for comparing more than two parameters at a
time and showed the effect of parameters on design. The parameters A, B, C, D, E and J synergistically
affected the encapsulation efficiency. FE-SEM demonstrated the smooth and spherical nature of particles.
Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy showed the absence of chemical interaction between
polymer and drug; X-ray diffraction results showed the decrease in crystallinity of pure drug when it
was transformed into encapsulated drug-loaded microparticles. The sustained drug release was observed
for 12 h.

Conclusion:

Prepared Glimepiride loaded sustained release microparticles followed the first-order release
kinetics. The developed formulation could reduce dose frequency and improve patient compliance.
Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sorafenib Tosylate: Development and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Sandhya Pamu , Poornima Pamu , Bhikshapathi Darna V.R.N.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Sorafenib tosylate (SFN) belongs to the BCS class II drug with low solubility
and undergoes first-pass metabolism, which leads to reduced bioavailability of 38%.

Objective:

The present study aimed at developing SFN SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability.

Methods:

Preliminary solubility studies were performed to identify oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant
ratios. Pseudo tertiary phase diagram was constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion based on
the monophasic region. A total of 15 formulations of SFN SNEDDS were prepared and screened for
phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic stability studies. These SNEDDS
further characterized for % transmission, content of the drug, and in vitro dissolution analysis. The
optimized formulation was analyzed for particle size, Z average, entrapment efficiency, and SEM
analysis.

Results:

Based on the pseudo tertiary phase diagram, acrysol EL 135, kolliphor, and transcutol-P as
oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected, respectively. All the formulations were stable with no
phase separation and maximum % transmittance of 98.92%. The formulation F15 was selected as an
optimized one, based on maximum drug content of 99.89%, with 98.94% drug release within 1 hour
and it will be stable for 6 months. From in vivo bioavailability studies, the Cmax of optimized
SNEDDS (94.12±2.12ng/ml) is higher than pure SFN suspension (15.32±1.46 ng/ml) and the AUC0-∞
of optimized SNEDDS is also increased by 5 times (512.1±8.54 ng.h/ml) than pure drug
(98.75±6.45ng.h/ml), which indicates improved bioavailability of the formulation.

Conclusion:

SFN loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery system for improving
oral bioavailability by minimizing first-pass metabolism and increased solubility.

Lay Summary:

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has
more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the
ninth most common neoplasm in the United States. Sorafenib is a protein kinase inhibitor indicated
as a treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed at developing Sorafenib
SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability. A total of 15 formulations of Sorafenib
SNEDDS were prepared and screened for phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic
stability studies. Sorafenib loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery
system for increased oral bioavailability by 5 times when comparing with pure drug by minimizing
first-pass metabolism and increased solubility.
A Study on E-Learning and Recommendation System
Authors: Madhavi A , Nagesh A , Govardhan A
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Today’s technology and the internet are proliferating due to which information access is becoming easier for many people, and creating new challenges and opportunities in all fields, especially when working with education. For example, the e-learning education system can personalized in order to acquire knowledge level and learner’s requirements in a learning process. The learning experience, as per the individual learner’s goals, should be adopted.

Background:

In the current educational environment, e-learning is playing a significant role. For many researchers, it has become one of the most important subjects, as using e-learning whole education system would revolutionize. There are many areas of e-learning in which research work is going on, such as Mass Communication, Information and Technology (IT), Education and Distance Education.

Objective:

To meet the various needs of the learners such as talents, interests, goals and needs, an e-learning system has to design a personalized learning system by considering various educational experiences. Many methods such as ontologies, clustering, classification and association rules have used along with filtering techniques to enhance the personalization and performance of the learner.

Methods:

This paper presents a detailed review of literature of previous work that has done in e-learning area especially on recommendation system. Current research works on e-learning to discover the research developments in this discipline have discussed in this work.

Conclusion:

One of the vital functions of the current e-learning system is creating a personalized resource recommendation system. In this paper, we reviewed some crucial papers on both e-learning and recommendation systems. Future research work of this paper would be designing efficient and precise e-learning and recommendation system to deal with the problem of substantial personalized information resources and further e-Learning plays vital role in preventing virus spread during COVID-19 pandemic.
Combination of Hydroxychloroquine, Melatonin and Mercaptopurine as a Possible Intervention for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Novel COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Vardhan Gyan , Kumar Vikas , Agrawal Megha , Dhamija Puneet
Published: October 2020

Background:

COVID-19 has been declared as a pandemic recently and has caused many
deaths worldwide. Till date, no effective drug or vaccine is available against SARS-CoV-2. There is an
urgent need to find effective alternative preventive and treatment strategies to deal with the SARS-CoV-
2 outbreak.

Objective:

This communication proposes a new potential drug combination (repurposed) for prophylaxis and treatment of
SARS-CoV-2.

Methods and Materials:

We performed a brief review of literature on a combination of Hydroxychloroquine,
Melatonin and Mercaptopurine for prophylaxis and treatment of Novel COVID-19 infection and
also assessed their possible mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2.

Observation:

Proposed combination seems to be safe and target is unlikely to develop resistance to this combination. Conclusion: This scientific review proposes potential repurposed drugs and their combination targeting SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:

This scientific review proposes potential candidate repurposed drugs and potential drug combinations targeting
2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2.
Dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kepuasan pembelajaran jarak jauh
Authors: Napitupulu Rodame Monitorir
Published: October 2020

Pandemi Covid-19 saat ini berdampak pada perguruan tinggi. IAIN Padangsidimpuan sebagai salah satu institusi pendidikan tinggi negeri keagamaan Islam di Indonesia dituntut untuk mengikuti perubahan metode pembelajaran yaitu pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) yang semula sepenuhnya dilakukan dengan tatap muka. Letak kampus yang berada di Bagian Selatan Sumatera Utara dengan asal mahasiswa yang beragam dan berada jauh dari perkotaan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi institusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Jumlah informan 384 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa aktif Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam IAIN Padangsidimpuan yang dipilih secara acak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa, meskipun mayoritas mahasiswa (95,8%) sudah memiliki perangkat untuk menjalani PJJ, namun di sisi lain mahasiswa merasa metode PJJ saat ini belum tepat karena mahasiswa merasa tidak dapat memantau perkembangan PJJ dengan mudah, tidak dapat memperoleh materi pembelajaran dengan mudah juga tidak dapat mempelajari materi dengan mudah. Secara keseluruhan, baik dari sisi teknologi maupun sisi dosen, mahasiswa tidak puas dengan metode PJJ yang dijalaninya saat ini dan juga merasa tidak puas dengan kemampuan dosen dalam menyampaikan materi pada PJJ. AbstractThe Covid19 pandemic is currently affecting universities. IAIN Padangsidimpuan as one of the institutions of Islamic religious state higher education in Indonesia is required to follow the changes in learning methods, namely distance learning (PJJ), which is from the beginning is fully face-to-face. The location of the campus in the Southern Part of North Sumatra with diverse origins of students and being far from urban areas is a challenge for institutions. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The number of informants 384 people consisting of active students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business were randomly selected. Based on the results of the study note that, although the majority of students (95.8%) already have the tools to undergo Distance Learning, on the other hand students feel the distance learning method is currently not appropriate because students feel unable to monitor the development of distance learning easily, cannot obtain learning material easily nor can study material easily. Overall, both in terms of technology and the Lecturer side, students are not satisfied with the distance learning method they are currently undergoing and also feel dissatisfied with the ability of the Lecturer to deliver material to distance learning.