bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
States and Contingencies: How to Understand Savage without Anyone Being Hanged
Authors: Gilboa Itzhak , Minardi Stefania , Samuelson Larry , Schmeidler David
Published: February 2020

La puissance des modèles de décision dans l’incertain repose en grande partie sur la spécification des états afin de résoudre toute l’incertitude. Cependant, cette spécification peut miner l’observabilité présumée des préférences sur laquelle se fondent les théories axiomatiques de la décision. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous introduisons la notion de contingence. Si les contingences ne décrivent pas nécessairement de manière exhaustive toutes les résolutions possibles de l’incertitude, les préférences, quant à elles définies sur des fonctions qui attachent des conséquences aux contingences, sont bien observables (du moins en principe). Dans des situations suffisamment simples, les états et les éventualités coïncident. Dans des situations plus compliquées, l’analyste doit choisir entre sacrifier l’observabilité afin d’exploiter le pouvoir des états qui résolvent toute l’incertitude ou préserver cette observabilité en faisant face aux contingences.
De l’évolution de la notion « L’enfant modèle »
Authors: Ody Michel
Published: February 2020

Le choix, quarante ans plus tard, de se centrer sur deux des articles de ce numéro historique de 1979 de la Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse, a mieux permis, comme cela est le cas devant de grands esprits comme le furent André Green et René Diatkine, de constater à une relecture attentive combien l’essentiel de ce qu’ils ont proposé reste pérenne, et largement complémentaire. De fait, le développement de l’approfondissement des connaissances psychanalytiques à tous les niveaux métapsychologiques s’intègre ici dans leurs meilleures données. Certes s’opère un développement de la complexité, mais qui pourtant, paradoxe apparent, clarifie l’ensemble métapsychologique. Celui-ci est toujours en mouvement quarante ans plus tard, étendant sa cohérence, en véritable modèle freudien, lequel poursuit toujours son chemin, sans se constituer en structure fermée. L’enfant-modèle, au sens de Green en fait partie.
Un modèle de la cure d’enfant
Authors: Diatkine Gilbert
Published: February 2020

Freud a pensé que le processus analytique était assimilable à un processus naturel. Cette idée a rencontré un certain succès dans les Instituts de Psychanalyse, car elle aurait pu permettre d’enseigner aux analystes en formation comment une analyse était censée se dérouler. On a pu soutenir que cette idée était particulièrement valable chez l’enfant, dont le développement passe par des étapes relativement prédictibles à l’avance. En réalité, chez l’enfant comme chez l’adulte, le processus analytique ne peut être étudié utilement que sur des séquences de quelques séances. On sait que le processus analytique se développe si l’analyste est surpris par le matériel qui suit une interprétation. C’est un tel processus, et non le nombre des séances, qui fait la différence entre psychanalyse et psychothérapie chez l’enfant.
Hans, Sammy, Richard et les autres
Authors: Lenormand Marie
Published: February 2020

L’auteur s’attache, dans cet article, à évoquer les « enfants terribles » que sont Hans, Sammy, Richard, Dominique, Carine, Gabrielle et les autres – ces enfants qui ont donné lieu à des écritures de cas psychanalytiques célèbres et ce, afin d’interroger dans quelle mesure ils sont susceptibles ou non de constituer des « enfants modèles » pour la psychanalyse. Cette approche constitue une manière de se décaler de la controverse, toujours vivace aujourd’hui, qui divise la communauté analytique au sujet du statut épistémologique de l’enfant comme modèle. Plutôt que d’interroger le statut théorique et heuristique de « l’enfant de la réalité » au regard de l’invention freudienne de l’« infantile », l’auteur interroge le statut de « modèle » que ces enfants-cas singuliers sont amenés à jouer pour la théorie, mais également pour la pratique psychanalytiques. Elle montre à quel point les « modèles » qu’ils sont susceptibles d’offrir ne peuvent que se révéler incomplets et aporétiques – ce ratage faisant, paradoxalement, toute leur exemplarité.
Le papillon et la fumée de cigare. Sur une peinture de John Singer Sargent
Authors: Pernoud Emmanuel
Published: February 2020

En 1947, Marie-Louise Pailleron, fille du célèbre auteur dramatique Édouard Pailleron, écrivit un livre de souvenirs qui revenait sur le portrait que le peintre John Singer Sargent fit d’elle et de son frère, en 1881, lorsqu’ils étaient enfants. Sans être inconnu, ce témoignage n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude attentive. Ce document nous apporte un éclairage précieux sur la perception, par l’enfant, de sa condition de modèle en un temps où les attentes sociales surinvestissaient le portrait d’enfant, un genre qui connut son âge d’or au xix e  siècle. Il enrichit notre compréhension des liens étroits entre les valeurs éducatives et les idéaux esthétiques, entre l’enfant modèle et le modèle enfant. En outre, par le réseau de sociabilités auquel appartenait la famille du modèle, proche de Jean-Martin Charcot, il soulève la question des rapports entre pose et hypnose. Il appelle enfin le rapprochement avec les fictions que le contemporain et ami de Sargent, Henry James, consacra aux relations entre adultes et enfants.
Le Petit Prince ou la mélancolisation de l’enfant modèle
Authors: Troubé Sarah , Barriol Céline
Published: February 2020

Cet article postule que le récit du Petit Prince est apparu dans la rencontre entre un questionnement sociétal sur le statut de l’enfant dans l’occident d’après-guerre, et un moment de désarroi existentiel chez son auteur. Le personnage du Petit Prince apparaît à ce propos comme une figure culturelle typique de l’enfant modèle – au sens d’un enfant parfait, mais aussi d’un modèle de la maturation psychique. Cependant, l’étrangeté et l’énigme dont il est porteur le placeraient du côté d’un idéal absolu ou perdu, qui pourrait être l’indice d’une mélancolisation de cet enfant trop modèle, et qui le rapprocherait du savoir désillusionné du nourrisson savant. Entendu comme un mythe, Le Petit Prince interroge l’écart irréductible entre toute représentation sociétale d’un modèle de l’enfant, et la part d’infantile toujours marquée d’indéchiffrable et menaçant de clivage l’enfant dans l’adulte et l’adulte dans l’enfant. Le récit nous semble alors ouvrir des perspectives quant au positionnement clinique face à cette part mélancolique.
L’effet de serre en clinique infantile
Authors: Weismann-Arcache Catherine
Published: February 2020

Nous proposons d’interroger l’enfant modèle du xxi e  siècle à l’épreuve de la clinique psychanalytique. Trois axes sont susceptibles d’organiser les modalités développementales de l’enfant et ses modes de subjectivation, car ils font désormais partie de notre univers : l’enfant programmé et les nouveaux modes de procréation qui défient le temps ; l’émergence de la figure de l’enfant dit « précoce » ou « surdoué » ou « à haut potentiel intellectuel » qui veut ignorer le développement ; l’enfant « augmenté » issu du transhumanisme et ses créatures hybrides, qui bravent les limites de la condition humaine. Le premier paradigme envisage l’impact de la procréation médicale assistée sur les théories sexuelles infantiles. Le second paradigme questionne les équivalences pensée-intelligence-cerveau qui font florès aujourd’hui. Le troisième paradigme complète les précédents à travers l’enfant connecté. Nous mettrons en perspective ces trois paradigmes qui défient le développement et la condition humaine.
La supervision et le projet de devenir analyste
Authors: Zaoui Daniel
Published: February 2020

L’auteur rappelle que les fondateurs du IV e  Groupe refusaient l’ingérence de l’institution dans le processus analytique et voulaient éviter le rapport hiérarchique et normatif de l’institution vis-à-vis de l’analyste en formation. Les analyses de contrôle classiques pouvaient présenter le risque de se transformer en contrôle de l’analyse. La théorisation de l’analyse Quatrième par J.-P. Valabréga était destinée à éviter cette ingérence, sa dénomination partait de la théorisation de la situation inter-analytique et de l’observation de l’ensemble des quatre référents impliqués dans cette situation, d’où l’autre terme utilisé d’analyse pluri-référentielle. Valabréga proposait de situer les interactions transféro-contre-transférentielles repérables dans la supervision entre ces différents référents. Si l’Analyse Quatrième a constitué la seule véritable théorisation de la supervision, on peut observer qu’une certaine idéalisation inhérente à la théorisation de cette pratique peut en limiter l’utilisation dans les supervisions des analystes en formation.
L’intranquillité de l’analyste chercheur en position d’enseignant-chercheur
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: February 2020

Psychanalyste et enseignant chercheur : qu’en est-il aujourd’hui du lien délicat entre ces deux « métiers impossibles » ? Il était déjà devenu envisageable que la formation des psychologues cliniciens avec la psychanalyse soit assurée par des non-psychanalystes, mais cela tend maintenant à devenir en outre recommandable . Est ainsi remis en cause le lien organique entre la métapsychologie, la méthode psychanalytique et la question du cadre. Dans ce contexte préoccupant pour la psychanalyse – bien au-delà de l’université – le modèle épistémologique de la psychanalyse à l’université selon Laplanche constitue une référence essentielle. L’enjeu pour l’analyste en position d’enseignant chercheur consiste à trouver un style de présentation, en rapport avec une manière d’être avec la psychanalyse. Un style donnant suffisamment accès aux enjeux cliniques et méthodologiques de la théorie psychanalytique, tout autant qu’aux enjeux théoriques et méthodologiques des situations cliniques expérimentées par le psychologue clinicien en formation.
Adventitious bursitis in the plantar fat pad of forefoot presenting as a tumoral mass
Authors: Zidani Hichem , Genah Idan , Lae Marick , Bousson Valerie , Laredo Jean Denis
Published: February 2020

Adventitious bursitis of the plantar fat pad is a common cause of forefoot pain. It may develop at sites where subcutaneous tissue is exposed to friction and high pressure. In the forefoot, adventitious bursitis is usually adjacent to bony prominences of the metatarsal heads. Diagnosis and management of adventitious bursitis usually do not require imaging studies. However, the condition occasionally presents as a solid pseudotumoral mass requiring imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may demonstrate a heterogeneous mass with a solid component exhibiting intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and thick nodular enhancement suggesting a neoplastic lesion. We report three cases of adventitious bursitis in patients who complained of a painful palpable mass on the forefoot, with a partially solid and enhancing component seen on MRI. In the first case, a biopsy was performed for the diagnosis of adventitious bursitis. The two other cases exhibited a solid component on MRI. However, a diagnosis of adventitious bursitis was suspected, and it was felt that a biopsy could be postponed. The spontaneous regression of the mass with relative discharge of the forefoot pressure confirmed the diagnosis. With these three cases, we illustrate the MR findings that could suggest adventitious bursitis despite the presence of a solid component and that may obviate the need for pathologic proof.
Complex Solid and Cystic Breast Cancer: A Series of Six Case Reports
Authors: Mehta Nishi , Rousslang Lee , Shokouh-Amiri Mohammad , Wiley Elizabeth L. , Green Lauren
Published: February 2020

A cyst in the breast containing a thick wall, internal septations, or a solid intracystic component is defined as a complex solid and cystic breast mass. These lesions carry a malignant potential between 23-31% and thus require further evaluation with biopsy [1]. We report six cases in which patients were found to have a complex solid and cystic mass, all of which were proven to be malignant breast cancers of varying etiologies. We also review the literature on malignant etiologies of complex solid and cystic breast masses, including their clinical presentation, work-up, histopathologic and immunochemistry findings, treatment, and prognosis.
Remote cerebellar hemorrhage as a complication of lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Lim Cheryl Hui Shan , Salkade Parag Ratnakar , Peter Cynthia Assimta
Published: February 2020

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) is a rare yet potentially fatal complication of supratentorial and spinal surgery, where there has been either intentional or accidental breach of the dura. We present a case of RCH following a L4-5 decompression laminectomy complicated by an intra-operative dural tear which was detected and repaired at the time of surgery. Despite prompt intra-operative repair of the dura, there was persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak as evidenced by a high subfascial epidural drain output which resulted in bilateral intraparenchymal cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient was managed conservatively and recovered without neurological deficits.
Michelet et La Mer
Authors: Séginger Gisèle
Published: February 2020

At the beginning of the 19th century, at the same moment as Lamarck and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire contribute to a historicization of natural sciences, moral sciences are searching in natural history for a model of thought and a positivity. Michelet, an interior exile during the Second Empire, publishes several books on Nature: he is searching for a logic of the living which would allow to rethink historical evolution and progress on a large timescale. Situated in between science and literature, La Mer develops a vitalist thought which mingles archaic beliefs and modern biological knowledge. Michelet cites Lamarck, Félix Pouchet (the defender of spontaneous generation), Darwin and his corral studies. He imagines a historical transformism, founding democratic or socialist ideas on biological and geological knowledge: evolution supplants revolution. The strangeness of La Mer results from the blend of political and scientific ideas, the intertextual encounter between Darwin and Leroux, the scientific and the socialist. It results as well form a curious form of materialism, developing an idea of transcendency internal to time and matter.
Darwinus anarchistus explodens
Authors: Rétat Claude
Published: February 2020

The reference to Darwin, topic at the end of the 19th century, is at the heart of a verbal sparring match about who will be (or will claim to be), in matters of struggle for life, on the right side of history. Louise Michel articulates the topoi of evolution, and alongside the topoi of evolution-revolution, with an imagination and a practice (of thought, of writing, of militant engagement). Her 1892 article “À propos des explosions” (“On explosions”, treating the assassination attempt of Ravachol) shows in a paradigmatic – but nonetheless sardonic and original-way her use and practice of scientific reference.
L’évolution des espèces sociales dans La Comédie humaine de Balzac
Authors: Collet Sandra
Published: February 2020

Dans La Comédie humaine, Balzac entend dresser un tableau complet des « espèces sociales », sur le modèle des nomenclatures animales établies par Buffon et Cuvier. Mais le romancier, confronté aux transformations de son siècle, se veut aussi historien. La succession des révolutions en France au xixe siècle le confronte à deux temporalités divergentes, celle, brève et bouleversée, de l’Homme dans l'Histoire, et celle, plus longue, de la nature. Ces révolutions, qui transforment profondément la société française, posent de façon cruciale la question de l’adaptation de l’individu dans une société en pleine mutation. Les modèles scientifiques des naturalistes, notamment le transformisme de Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, offrent au romancier un modèle théorique pour construire une nomenclature des espèces sociales en prise avec l'Histoire, et conjuguer ainsi harmonieusement modèle historique et biologique.
Precursors and outcome of satisfaction in business-to-business relationship building: An information communication technology industry perspective in South Africa
Authors: Hlefana Mpho , Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Stiehler-Mulder Beate E.
Published: February 2020

Orientation: To secure a competitive business position, mobile business service providers need to explore the factors that, in predicting customer loyalty, will enable them to focus marketing efforts on improving their current customer management strategy, ultimately leading to enhanced satisfaction.Research purpose: This study intended to determine the influence of selected customer relationship management factors on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Motivation for the study: To ensure the loyalty of their customer base, mobile business service providers need to understand the factors that secure customer satisfaction in a competitive ICT business-to-business (B2B) market.Research design, approach and method: Data were gathered by means of a self-administered questionnaire, and a total of 253 responses were eligible for analysis. Simple regression analysis was applied to validate the hypotheses formulated.Main findings: It was established that corporate image, service quality, perceived value, customisation and trust have a significant and positive influence on ICT business customer satisfaction and loyalty.Practical/managerial implications: The findings suggest that efforts towards improving corporate image, service quality and customer perception of the value provided, focusing on the level of customisation and establishing trust among business customers will aid B2B mobile service providers in achieving satisfied and loyal customers.Contribution/value-add: This study adds to the body of knowledge by identifying and demonstrating the influence of five customer relationship management factors that contribute to achieving customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Business-to-business information communication technology (B2B ICT) industry of an emerging African market.
Factors that influence transition from high school to higher education: A case of the JuniorTukkie programme
Authors: Lombard Petrus
Published: February 2020

Background: This article reports on the academic and non-academic factors that influence new students’ successful transition from high school to higher education. The study was inspired by the universal concern about the low retention rates among students in higher education in general, and the high annual dropout rate of students from South African institutions in particular. In 2013, the dropout rate stood at 35%.Objective: The objective of the study was to find out which factors. academically as well as non-academic factors influenced the JuniorTukkie group in their successful transition from high school to higher education.Method: My research involved a case study of members of the JuniorTukkie (JT) empowerment initiative (between 2009 and 2013), and both quantitative (online questionnaires) and qualitative (focus group interviews) data was collected.Results: The findings revealed that combinations of academic factors such as personal skills, academic skills, academic support, career counselling intervention, hard work, and perseverance to a large extent account for the successful transition from high school to higher education. Similarly, non-academic factors such as interpersonal relationship skills, positive emotions, religion, and peer acceptance contributed to students’ successful transition. Financial affairs – from a student’s financial status to various sources of financial backing – are other vital determinants in the transitioning endeavour.Conclusion: The study illustrated that the specific challenges associated with new students’ transitional experiences demand the strategic intervention of initiatives (such as JuniorTukkie), which assume responsibility for the implementation of programmes to address all academic and non-academic transitional factors.
The need for contextually appropriate career counselling assessment: Using narrative approaches in career counselling assessment in African contexts
Authors: Maree Kobus
Published: February 2020

This article reports on the value of using narrative approaches in career counselling assessment in African contexts in addition to quantitative approaches to enhance the contextual relevance of assessment. The narrative represents a response to calls for local research on career counselling assessment theory and practice. A number of factors that co-determine the development of theory and assessment-related strategies are elaborated herein. The view is expressed that the feasibilities of the 21st-century labour markets should co-determine assessment-related strategies and theory development. In addition, the imperative to constantly innovate assessment in career counselling is emphasised against the background of the shift in emphasis from climbing the career ladder to flourishing in unstructured occupational contexts before some caveats for the successful implementation of postmodern approaches to assessment in career counselling are explicated briefly. The call for advancing the theory base in career counselling assessment-related matters in Global South contexts in general and African contexts in particular is repeated. It is concluded that career counselling assessment theory and practice should be conceptualised from the key perspective that it should particularly meet the basic criteria of contextual relevance.
Failure of diplodiatoxin to induce diplodiosis in juvenile goats
Authors: Botha Christo J. , Ackerman Louis G.J. , Masango Mxolisi G. , Arnot Luke F.
Published: February 2020

Diplodiosis is an important neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants in South Africa when grazing on harvested maize fields in winter. It is believed to be caused by mycotoxin(s) synthesised by Stenocarpella (Diplodia) maydis. Although several metabolites have been isolated from S. maydis culture material, none of these have been administered to ruminants to reproduce the disease. The objectives of this study were to isolate diplodiatoxin and to administer it to juvenile goats. Diplodiatoxin, considered as a major metabolite, was purified from S. maydis-infected maize cultures (Coligny 2007 isolate). Following intravenous administration of 2 mg and 4 mg diplodiatoxin/kg body weight for five consecutive days to two juvenile goats, no clinical signs reminiscent of diplodiosis were observed. Based on previous experimental results and if diplodiatoxin was the causative compound, the dosage regimen employed was seemingly appropriate to induce diplodiosis. In addition, intraruminal administration of 2 mg/kg diplodiatoxin to one goat for three consecutive days also did not induce clinical signs. It appears as if diplodiatoxin alone is not the causative compound. Other metabolites and/or mixtures of diplodiatoxin and other mycotoxins, when available in sufficient quantities, should also be evaluated.
Project Management Body of Knowledge for motion picture production in a fast-developing economy
Authors: Ng Kae H. , Wang Chen , Yap Jeffrey B.H. , Wood Lincoln C. , Krisnan Sugindran
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Problems identified in the motion picture production include quality aspect, industry networking, marketing and promotion, and domestic focus of creative development work.Design/methodology/approach: This article aims to develop a structured project management strategy to improve the Malaysian motion picture production.Findings/results: Through the combination of a questionnaire survey and an interview survey, this research determined current barriers related to 10 knowledge areas of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) in motion picture production projects.Practical implications: This research developed a working model using the 10 knowledge areas in PMBOK for both the production and marketing projects in the motion picture industry in this fasting developing economy.Originality/value: The 10 knowledge areas in PMBOK are consistent and valuable in making the film making processes sufficient. The motion picture production project management model developed in this study is experimental yet gives a fundamental understanding on strategy to focus and to conduct a proper film making or motion picture production.
The impact of entrepreneurship on managerial innovation capacity: The moderating effects of policy finance and management support
Authors: Jin Chang-Hyun , Lee Jung-Yong
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Entrepreneurship can offer a competitive advantage to an enterprise through risky decisions that pay off in the development of innovative products, services and markets in a difficult managerial environment and by moving proactively to dominate a competitive market. This study aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship and managerial innovation capacity by considering subfactors, such as innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking, as well as to explore the relationship between managerial innovation capacity and management performance. The study determines the extent to which policy finance and management support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play the role of moderating variables.Design/methodology/approach: Data collection was carried out in 820 SMEs. To verify the hypotheses, Covariance Structure Analysis was conducted using EQS6b.Findings/results: The findings indicate that entrepreneurship has a significant influence on strategic planning, research and development, and technology commercialisation. This study found that managerial innovation capacities have positive effects on management performance. In addition, this study confirmed that when entrepreneurship affects managerial innovation activities, policy financial support and management support serve as moderators.Practical implications: Small and medium-sized enterprises should enhance their innovation capacity and expand innovative entrepreneurship and policy finance to achieve competitiveness, survive and show continuous development and growth in a changing environment.Originality/value: The study provides SMEs with information they can use to increase their awareness of internal managerial innovation activities, which are the original sources of competitive advantage, and help promote research and development (RD) and organizational management for continuous reinforcement of innovation capacity. the study provides SMEs with information they can use to increase their awareness of internal managerial innovation activities, which are the original sources of competitive advantage, and help promote RD and organizational management for continuous reinforcement of innovation capacity.
Does occupational noise matter amongst manufacturing (small and medium enterprises) workers? Empirical evidence from Magaba, Mbare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mapuranga Miston , Maziriri Eugine T. , Letshaba Ralebitso K. , Chitamba Anos
Published: February 2020

Background: The significance of how occupational noise can influence attitudes towards occupational noise exposure, susceptibility to hearing loss and job performance has generally been neglected in the past studies.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of occupational noise on attitudes towards occupational noise exposure, susceptibility to hearing loss and job performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) workers in Zimbabwe.Method: A survey was conducted involving 250 respondents, including manufacturing SME workers, and the hypotheses were analysed by applying structural equation modelling.Results: Occupational noise had a positive and significant effect on attitudes towards occupational noise exposure and perceived susceptibility to hearing loss amongst manufacturing SME workers. In addition, attitudes towards exposure to occupational noise and the perceived susceptibility of hearing loss have had a positive and significant impact on manufacturing SME workers’ job performance.Conclusion: The novelty of the research is its analysis of occupational noise as an indicator of attitudes towards occupational noise exposure and susceptibility to hearing loss as well as job performance. This study provides practitioners with beneficial implications. Collective knowledge on occupational noise could help manufacturing SME managers in recognising the perceptions of employees on occupational noise and how it ultimately affects job performance. Moreover, this study is intended to add new knowledge to the current body of African occupational noise literature – a context that has not received much research attention in developing countries.
The risk of overvaluing networking on small and medium enterprises performance in Gauteng province, South Africa
Authors: Mlotshwa Semukele H. , Msimango-Galawe Jabulile
Published: February 2020

Background: Several studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between networking and performance, but unfortunately findings have been inconclusive. Nevertheless, networking has been recognised as a vital element for enhancing competitiveness amongst small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different forms of networking, networking activities and the perceived importance of networking on SME performance.Setting: The study was conducted in South Africa, more specifically on entrepreneurs who have SMEs operating in the Gauteng province.Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional research design on a sample size of 304. Multiple linear regression was employed as the core statistical technique to analyse the primary data.Results: It was evident that the more value entrepreneurs put on networking, the lesser their businesses performed, as the relationship became negative. However, the more they got involved in networking activities and maintained the relationships, the better their businesses performed. It was interesting to note that social, business and managerial network forms emerged as one form of networking, which we have named business networking. However, the importance and maintenance of networks were very distinct as networks were valued higher than what we saw from the maintenance and participation in networking.Conclusion: The study does not suggest that networking is irrelevant. However, it argues that this might be reflecting the risk of overvaluing networks. It is evident that networking influences performance of SMEs irrespective of whether it is social, business or managerial.
Abstract Thinking of Practicum Students at Najran University in Light of Piaget's Theory and Its Relation to Their Academic Level
Authors: Aseeri Mohammed Moferh Yahya
Published: February 2020

The present study aimed to identify the stage of thinking of practicum students at Najran University in light of Piaget's theory and its relationship to their academic achievement in the scientific disciplines they were studying at the college of science, mainly mathematics, physics and chemistry disciplines. The sample consisted of (50) female student teachers who were practicing teaching mathematics, physics and chemistry at the public schools in Najran. Piaget test was used as a main instrument to determine participants' thinking stage. Results showed that only 10% of participants were in the stage of abstract thinking, 46% were in the transitional stage and 44% were in the stage of concrete operations. Results also revealed statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between the academic cumulative averages of participants in the concrete thinking and transitional thinking stages in favor of participants in the transitional stage. Moreover, results indicated that there were significant differences between the cumulative academic averages of participants in the concrete and abstract thinking stages in favor of participants in the abstract thinking stage. Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between the cumulative averages of participant students in both transitional and abstract stages. Significant differences were revealed between mathematics and physics student teachers in favor of participants of mathematics discipline. On the opposite, no significant differences were noticed between mathematics and chemistry student teachers, on one hand, and between physics and chemistry student teachers. In addition, there was no significant effect for the interaction between participants' stage of thinking and cumulative average.
The Fluency Way: A Functional Method for Oral Communication
Authors: Samifanni Faramarz
Published: February 2020

This study delves into the analysis of theories of language acquisition and teaching methods. A qualitative approach was used to analyze three language acquisition theories and five teaching methods to help and provide teachers with methods that are relevant and applicable in developing and enhancing the speaking skills of the students. Findings revealed that grammatical skill is not the focus of Second Language Acquisition. It is concluded that language learning and acquisition are dynamic activities requiring social, cultural, and cognitive competencies on the part of the teacher. The teaching of language is most effective and productive when the learners are actively engaged in authentic tasks that are conducted in a natural and spontaneous manner to enable learners to gain a total psycho-socio-cultural-linguistic experience. Learner-centeredness is a universal theme and the teacher-learner relationship is a cooperative and collaborative partnership for relevant and functional language competence. Suggestions and recommendations for future studies were proposed.
Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2020
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: February 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2020
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: February 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2020.
Bayesian Estimation of Parameters of Weibull Distribution Using Linex Error Loss Function
Authors: Kinyanjui Josphat. K. , Korir Betty. C.
Published: February 2020

This paper develops a Bayesian analysis of the scale parameter in the Weibull distribution with a scale parameter  θ  and shape parameter  β (known). For the prior distribution of the parameter involved, inverted Gamma distribution has been examined. Bayes estimates of the scale parameter, θ  , relative to LINEX loss function are obtained. Comparisons in terms of risk functions of those under LINEX loss and squared error loss functions with their respective alternate estimators, viz: Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (U.M.V.U.E) and Bayes estimators relative to squared error loss function are made. It is found that Bayes estimators relative to squared error loss function dominate the alternative estimators in terms of risk function.
The Function of the Press Council in Supporting Legal Protection for Journalists to Actualise the Press Freedom
Authors: Suriyanto Suriyanto
Published: February 2020

The Press Law established in 1999 as one of the main agenda for reform is a step forward in the effort to actualize press freedom, which is one of the important pillars in a democratic country. The Press Law introduces several things that are intended to strengthen press freedom as well as the quality of journalistic works. Among them are the participation of the community in supervising the press and the functions of the Press Council to receive complaints from the community and to establish and enforce the journalistic code of ethics with the press organization.

However, until now the efforts to continue criminalization against journalists in Indonesia. Law enforcers still do not have a unified view that is in accordance with the spirit of democracy to realize press freedom in Indonesia. This was mainly driven by the practice of state legislation that sets out other laws, such as the ITE Law and the Pornography Law after the Press Law which contains provisions that open multiple interpretations of the provisions of the Press Law. The role of the Press Council in legal protection for journalists has also not been seen and it is as if it has become a new institution that repressed journalists.
Discussing the “Core Themes” and “Principal Assumptions” of Realism – the Nuances of Post-Cold War International Relations
Authors: Wieclawski Jacek
Published: February 2020

This article discusses “core themes” and “principal assumptions” in the realist study on international relations. It identifies some fundamental claims that distinguish realism from other theoretical perspectives. Moreover, it believes that the debate on the core of realism helps to clarify its understanding of contemporary international affairs. Yet the evolution of realism reveals a number of ambiguities in the picture of its “principal assumptions”. It warns that the list of realism’s “core themes” must be cautious and avoid simplifications. The article outlines some theoretical challenges that realism faces in the post-Cold War international reality and their impact on realism’s essence. It argues that further debate on realism’s “core themes” is valuable yet it needs a more nuanced attitude – far from simplified conclusions. Finally, the article proposes a nuanced catalogue of realism’s “principal assumptions” which reflects the complex nature of contemporary international relations.
Transformation of Legal Education in Indonesia Based on Social Justice
Authors: Rosadi Otong , Marwan Awaludin
Published: February 2020

The transformation of legal education in Indonesia has become the study and anxiety of many legal experts in Indonesia. Legal education is seen as only producing law graduates who are no more legal craftsmen. Legal education ignores the ideologization of social justice values. Therefore, the transformation of higher legal education in Indonesia absolutely must be done by first carrying out an inventory of the main problems in the legal education system in Indonesia. This article attempts to perform an analysis of the description of the main problems in the legal education system and the steps that should be taken to hasten the transformation of higher legal education in Indonesia. Changes in the Legal Studies Curriculum and the transformation of the learning process that is more oriented towards humanizing lecturers and students have become an urgent need. One of the short-term offers is to make Legal Clinical Education as a compulsory subject in the Legal Studies Program. Whereas the other offer is transformation the Legal Studies Curriculum, Legal Learning Methods and Processes that are oriented in mastering the legal knowledge, legal skills, and law students' alignments on issues of law and justice.
Bipolar Strategic Stability in a Multipolar World
Authors: Kuklinski Christopher T. , Mitchell Jeni , Sands Timothy
Published: February 2020

In recent times, threats to participatory democracy can arguably stem from a lack of strategic stability overshadowed by nuclear weapon-derived deterrence effects of a rising China and especially a relatively more belligerent resurgent Russia opposed to a Western alliance of democracies. This manuscript provides a scholarly analysis of strategic atability and illustrates some written truths that often seem incongruent with comments spoken by the same authors resulting from a hyper-politicized state of dialogue. The analysis is grounded in foundational concepts of deterrence and well-articulated in relevant policies and treaties.
Descartes’s Turn to the Body
Authors: Ioan Razvan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

What are Descartes’s views on the body and how do they change? In this article, I try to make clearer the nature of the shift towards an increased focus on the body as ‘my’ body in Descartes’s Passions of the Soul. The interest in the nature of passions, considered from the point of view of the ‘natural scientist’, is indicative of a new approach to the study of the human. Moving beyond the infamous mind-body union, grounded in his dualist metaphysics, Descartes begins developing a philosophical anthropology centred on the notion of power and better suited to practical philosophy.
The Non-Identity Objection to Intergenerational Harm
Authors: Corvino Fausto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

In this article I analyse those that I consider the most powerful counterarguments that have been advanced against the non-identity objection to the idea of intergenerational harm, according to which an action cannot cause harm to a given agent if her biological identity does actually depend—in a partial but still determinant way—on the performance of this action. In doing this, I firstly go through the deontological criticisms to the person-affecting view of harm, before moving on to sufficientarian and communitarian accounts of intergenerational harm. My argument is that neither of these theories manage to defuse the non-identity objection. Yet, I conclude by observing that a possible way out of the non-identity paradox might consist in developing an ethical account of intergenerational negative justice that focuses on the functional value of the natural and social structures in which humans develop their lives, rather than on their instrumental or intrinsic value.
The Paradox of Consent
Authors: Kershnar Stephen ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

If consent is valid (that is, morally transformative), then in every case it is either valid or invalid. This is because of the notion that (when valid) consent eliminates a right and a person either has or lacks a right against another. A parallel problem to the paradox of symmetrical attackers applies to consent. That is, there is a case in which two people neither consent nor do not consent to one another. As a practical matter, attorneys, judges, legislators, physicians, and sex partners should not treat consent as morally significant, except perhaps as defeasible evidence of what makes another person’s life go better. They might still want to follow the law because there is likely a duty to follow law even when its purported justification is mistaken.
Regret: A Vital Structure of Critical Engagement in Moral Education
Authors: Hirsch Alexander Keller ,   Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum
Published: February 2020

I argue that helping college students to hone their faculty for regret is key to at least three interrelated functions of critical engagement in moral education: 1) empathic unsettlement; 2) counterfactual thinking; and 3) anagnorisis, Aristotle’s term for a tragic and too-late turn in self-awareness. All three functions support an attitude of humility and self-reflection germane to rigorous moral reflection. Though it can be difficult to confront and assume, I argue that claiming regret can help students to catalyze thinking, curiosity, and responsiveness in ways that bear under-explored potential in moral learning. In what follows, I defend regret as a vital structure of moral life, and give several examples of how regret might work to advance moral imagination in the classroom.
Economic and legal analysis of the activity of Russian and international strategic alliances in technological sphere
Authors: Dobrynina Larisa Yur'evna , Gubareva Anna Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

The subject of this research consists in determination of legal component of creation and functionality of the technological strategic alliances, taking into account Russian experience and the experience of other countries. The article reveals that the agreement-based strategic alliances are assigned the key position, as such structures ensure sustainable and effective development of technological sector of the economy of each country. Based on the analysis of international and Russian experience, systematic review and author’s conclusions are presented the peculiarities of creation of such structures. The author analyzes the possible forms of establishment of strategic alliance with participation of the Russian companies. The creation of such treaty-based unions may become an instrument for stemming the operational risks for particular participants, since the reduction in transaction costs and influence of synergism of the business approximate an organization to achieving strategic goals. It is underlined that there is currently a number of objective obstacles in establishment of the long-term partnership relations between the Russian and foreign subjects and creation of transnational associations.
On certain aspects of counteracting corruption in electoral process
Authors: Almieva Alina Alekseevna
Published: February 2020

The subject of this research is the separate provisions of legislation on elections, as well as the law enforcement practice in light of their correspondence with legislation on countering corruption – the new vector of research in electoral law. The object of this research is the social relations in the area of elections. The author examines the instance of consolidating the powers of the territorial electoral commission and electoral commission of a municipal formation, as well as the practice of information support of elections by mass media, established by the candidates and political parties. Special attention is paid to the corruption risks. Methodology is based on the sociological approach to corruption reflected in the works of Pierre Bourdieu, particularly the practice of delegation of powers. The following conclusions were made: 1) since electoral commissions are not under supervision of the prosecutor’s office, there is a gap in delegation of the functions of control over the decisions, actions or inactions of electoral commissions; 2) delegation of the function of information support of elections by mass media established by the political parties and candidates contains corruption risks. The author’s special contribution consists in recommendations aimed at overcoming political inequality in electoral process with reference to the indicated problems. The novelty consists in application of sociological approach towards examining the practice of holding elections.
Efek Pengungkapan Pos Berbayar di Instagram Terhadap Intensi Membeli dan Preferensi Produk
Authors: Amalia Nuriyah , Sekarasih Laras
Published: February 2020

Sebagai dampak dari pembaruan ketentuan penggunaan Instagram, kini pos Instagram yang diunggah atas dasar afiliasi bisnis dengan sebuah merek diharuskan menyertakan disclosure language berupa keterangan “paid partnership” di bagian atas pos. Keterangan ini diprediksi dapat melemahkan intensi membeli dan preferensi konsumen terhadap produk yang diiklankan. Efek ini pun diprediksi akan diperkuat oleh kemampun individu dalam merekognisi iklan, tetapi dilemahkan oleh pengalaman individu menggunakan produk dari merek yang sama dengan produk dalam iklan. Untuk menjawab prediksi ini, peneliti melaksanakan sebuah studi eksperimental dengan dua variasi kelompok IV (pos Instagram berbayar dengan disclosure language vs tanpa disclosure language) yang melibatkan 312 partisipan. Kemampuan rekognisi iklan dan pengalaman menggunakan merek diposisikan sebagai moderator. Sesuai prediksi, keterangan paid partnership berdampak negatif terhadap intensi membeli, tetapi tidak terbukti mempengaruhi preferensi produk. Sementara itu, bertentangan dengan prediksi, kemampuan rekognisi iklan justru memperkuat intensi membeli individu setelah melihat pos Instagram dengan DL. Namun, kemampuan rekognisi iklan memang mampu melemahkan preferensi individu terhadap produk setelah melihat iklan dengan DL. Pengalaman menggunakan produk dari suatu merek terbukti mampu menimbulkan intensi membeli dan preferensi konsumen yang lebih kuat terhadap produk lain dari merek yang sama.