bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal a Complex Stigma Microenvironment for Pollen Tube Growth in Tobacco
Authors: Xiong Hanxian , Wang Junjie , Gao Xiaodi , Dong Guoqing , Zeng Wanyong , Wang Wei , Sun Meng-Xiang
Published: November 2024

In flowering plants, the success of fertilization depends on the rapid polar extension of a pollen tube, which delivers sperm cells to the female gametophyte for fertilization. Numerous studies have shown that the microenvironment in planta is more conducive to the growth and development of pollen tubes than that in vitro. However, how stigma factors coordinate to regulate pollen tube growth is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that in tobacco, mature stigma extract, but not immature stigma extract, facilitates pollen tube growth. Comparative transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes during stigma maturation were mainly enriched in the metabolism pathway. Through metabolome analyses, about 500 metabolites were identified to be differently accumulated; the significantly increased metabolites in the mature stigmas mainly belonged to alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, while the downregulated differential metabolites were related to lipids, amino acids, and their derivatives. Among the different kinds of plant hormones, the cis-form contents of zeatin were significantly increased, and more importantly, cis-zeatin riboside promoted pollen tube growth in vitro. Thus, our results reveal an overall landscape of gene expression and a detailed nutritional microenvironment established for pollen tube growth during the process of stigma maturation, which provides valuable clues for optimizing in vitro pollen growth and investigating the pollen–stigma interaction.
Orf116b Induces Pollen Abortion in a Novel Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line J4A
Authors: Li Min , Khan Aziz , Zheng Jie , You Jingyi , Chen Li , Ullah Najeeb , Wu Songguo , Wei Xiaoshuang , Shad Munsif Ali , Zhou Ruiyang , Wang Lingqiang
Published: November 2024

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) systems have great potential in hybrid seed production in many plants. However, the incompatibility between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and the availability of fewer CMS lines limit the system’s application in cotton heterosis. Therefore, the present study sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CMS line J4A and its cytoplasmic nuclear homologous maintainer line J4B to investigate the mechanism underlying CMS and improve its application. A novel CMS gene, orf116b, was identified in the CMS line. Ectopic expression of orf116b in Escherichia coli suppressed growth, while its overexpression in Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco, and cotton led to complete or partial male sterility. Further analysis of anthers revealed mt disruption in J4A with higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but lower levels of ATP and ribosomal protein (RP) than in J4B. Finally, a membrane-based yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that orf116b probably interacts with an anther-specific protein, LAT52. These observations collectively proved that orf116b is associated with early and stable pollen abortion in cotton, providing a foundation for further research on cotton fertility restoration and heterosis breeding.
Lyrical Code-Switching, Multimodal Intertextuality, and Identity in Popular Music
Authors: Picone Michael D.
Published: November 2024

Augmenting the author’s prior research on lyrical code-switching, as presented in Picone, “Artistic Codemixing”, published in 2002, various conceptual frameworks are made explicit, namely the enlistment of multimodal and intertextual approaches for their methodological usefulness in analyzing and interpreting message-making that incorporates lyrical code-switching as one of its components. Conceived as a bipolarity, the rooted (or local) and the transcendent (or global), each having advantages in the negotiation of identity, is also applied to the analysis. New departures include the introduction of the notion of “curated lyrical code-switching” for the purpose of analyzing songs in which multiple performers are assigned lyrics in different languages, as a function of their respective proficiencies, as curated by the person or persons having authorial agency and taking stock of the social semiotics relevant to the anticipated audience. Moving beyond the negotiation of the identity of the code-switching composer or performer, in another new departure, attention is paid to the musical identity of the listener. As a reflection of the breadth of lyrical code-switching, a rich assortment of examples draws from the musical art of Beyoncé, Jon Batiste, Stromae, Shakira, BTS, NewJeans, Indigenous songsmiths, Cajun songsmiths, Latin Pop and Hip-Hop artists, songs composed for international sports events, and other sources.
Lumbar Facet Joint Disease: What, Why, and When?
Authors: Van Oosterwyck Wout , Vander Cruyssen Pieter , Castille Frédéric , Van de Kelft Erik , Decaigny Veronique
Published: November 2024

Low back pain (LBP) affects over 60% of individuals in their lifetime and is a leading cause of disability and increased healthcare expenditure. Facet joint pain (FJP) occurs in 27% to 40% of LBP patients but is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Additionally, there is no clear correlation between the clinical examination, radiological findings, and clinical presentation, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of FJP. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding facet joint pain and discusses the utility of medial branch blocks (MBBs) and intra-articular (IA) injections as diagnostic and therapeutic tools prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA is considered the gold standard for managing FJP, employing techniques that include precise needle placement and stimulation parameters to disrupt pain signals. Promising alternatives such as cooled RFA and cryodenervation require further research on their long-term efficacy and safety. Endoscopic denervation and multifidus stimulation are emerging therapies that may benefit chronic LBP patients, but additional research is needed to establish their effectiveness. When conservative management fails, RFA provides significant and lasting relief in well-selected patients and has a favourable safety profile. The current literature does not support surgical interventions for FJP management.
2,2′-[2,4-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-diyl]bis(8-bromo-6-chloro-3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine)
Authors: Jacquet Inès , Paoli-Lombardo Romain , Castera-Ducros Caroline , Vanelle Patrice , Primas Nicolas
Published: November 2024

In the context of our ongoing studies on 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent antileishmanial compounds, we isolated a new unexpected compound from the spontaneous cycloaddition of N-[2-(8-bromo-6-chloro-3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide. The molecular structure was fully characterized by using 1H and 13C NMR, X-ray crystallography, and HRMS.
Highly Sensitive Trimetazidine Determination Using Composite Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Doped with Titanium Oxide–Carbon Black Biosensor
Authors: Suchanek Małgorzata , Krakowska Agata , Paczosa-Bator Beata , Piech Robert
Published: November 2024

A novel composite voltammetric biosensor has been developed for the first time, utilizing a glassy carbon electrode modified with yttria-stabilized zirconia doped with titanium dioxide and carbon black (YSZTiO2-CB/GCE), specifically designed for the detection of trimetazidine (TMZ). The measurement conditions, including both the supporting electrolyte and instrumental settings, were optimized to enhance performance. In the concentration range of 0.5 to 7 µM, it is not necessary to use preconcentration time for the determination of TMZ. The limit of detection (for 60 s of preconcentration time) was equal to 5.5 nM (1.87 ng mL−1), outperforming other voltammetric methods in terms of sensitivity. The reproducibility of the trimetazidine signal (with a concentration of 0.05 µM) exhibited a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.3% over 10 measurements. Additionally, our biosensor is characterized by excellent stability, ease of use, and straightforward preparation. The proposed biosensor and method have proven effective in analyzing TMZ in a variety of matrices, including urine, blood plasma, pharmaceutical formulations, as well as gastric and intestinal fluids, yielding recovery rates ranging from 97.7 to 102.3%.
Increase in Auxeticity Due to the Presence of a Disordered Crystalline Phase of Hard Dumbbells Within the Nanolayer–Nanochannel Inclusion Introduced to the f.c.c. Hard Sphere Crystal
Authors: Narojczyk Jakub W.
Published: November 2024

To obtain materials or metamaterials with desired elastic properties that are tailor-made for a particular application, it is necessary to design a new material or composite (which may be cumbersome) or to modify the structure of existing materials in order to change their properties in the desired direction. The latter approach, although also not easy, seems favourable with respect to parameters like costs and time-to-market. Despite the fact that elastic properties are one of the oldest studied physical parameters of matter, our understanding of the processes at the microstructural level, that are behind these properties, is still far from being complete. The present work, with the help of Monte Carlo computer simulations, aims to broaden this knowledge. The previously studied model crystal of hard spheres, containing a combined nanolayer and nanochannel inclusions, is revisited. This periodic model crystal has been extended to include a degree of disorder in the form of degenerate crystalline phase by introducing a degenerate crystalline phase within its structure. The inclusion has been transformed (without changes to its shape, size, or orientation) by randomly connecting the neighbouring spheres into di-atomic molecules (dumbbells). The impact of this modification on elastic properties has been investigated with the help of the Parrinello–Rahman approach in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble (NpT). It has been shown, that the presence of the degenerate crystalline phase of hard dumbbells in the system leads to a significant decrease in the Poisson’s ratio in [110]-direction (ν=−0.235) and an overall enhancement of the auxetic properties.
Mechanical Behavior of Masonry Mortars Reinforced with Disposable Face Mask Strips
Authors: Mora-Ortiz René Sebastián , Del Angel-Meraz Ebelia , Díaz Sergio Alberto , Magaña-Hernández Francisco , Torres-Hernández Jazmín del Rosario , Castro Mayra Agustina Pantoja
Published: November 2024

This research presents an experimental analysis of the mechanical behavior of masonry mortars incorporating disposable face masks (FMs) cut into two different sizes. The objective is to provide experimental data contributing to the consolidation of recycling FMs in mortar mixtures. To achieve this, two types of mixtures were prepared: one with strips of 3 × 3 mm and another with strips of 3 × 10 mm. These FM strips were added in different proportions by the volume of mortar (0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.5%). In all mortars, the dry bulk density, volume of permeable voids, and water absorption, as well as compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, were evaluated after a 28-day water immersion curing period. Additionally, two essential properties in masonry mortars were analyzed: air content and shear bond strength. The results indicated that, for both strip sizes, adding FMs up to 0.2% positively affected the flexural and tensile strengths; concerning control mortar, increases of 6% and 1.4%, were recorded, respectively, for the longer strips. At this percentage, the density, air content, and compressive and shear bond strengths are not significantly affected. The results demonstrated that incorporating FMs into mortar mixtures is a promising avenue for sustainable recycling and helps reduce microplastic environmental contamination.
The Role of Precipitates in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Precipitation-Hardenable Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Košová Altnerová Terezie , Rudomilova Darja , Novák Pavel , Prošek Tomáš
Published: November 2024

This review examines hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloys, focusing on the role of precipitates as hydrogen traps. It covers hydrogen entry mechanisms, the effects of microstructural features such as dislocations and grain boundaries, and secondary phase evolution during heat treatment. The interaction between hydrogen and precipitates, including the role of coherent and incoherent interfaces, is analyzed in view of the impact on HE susceptibility. Various techniques used to assess the interaction between hydrogen and aluminum alloys are also compared. The goal is to summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of the microstructural factors influencing the resistance of aluminum alloys to HE.
Metabolic Fingerprinting of Blood and Urine of Dairy Cows Affected by Bovine Leukemia Virus: A Mass Spectrometry Approach
Authors: Tobolski Dawid , Zwierzchowski Grzegorz , Wójcik Roman , Haxhiaj Klevis , Wishart David S. , Ametaj Burim N.
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study investigated metabolic changes associated with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cows, focusing on pre-parturition alterations. Methods: Metabolite identification in serum and urine samples was performed using a targeted metabolomics method, employing the TMIC Prime kit in combination with flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Of 145 cows examined, 42 (28.9%) were BLV-seropositive. Around 38% of infected cows showed high somatic cell counts indicative of subclinical mastitis, with 15 experiencing additional health issues such as ketosis, milk fever, and lameness. Despite these conditions, no significant differences in milk yield or composition were observed between the infected and control groups. Metabolomic analysis conducted at −8 and −4 weeks prepartum revealed significant metabolic differences between BLV-infected and healthy cows. At −8 weeks, 30 serum metabolites were altered, including sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, amino acids, and acylcarnitines, suggesting disruptions in membrane integrity, energy metabolism, and immune function indicative of early neoplastic transformations. By −4 weeks, the number of altered metabolites decreased to 17, continuing to reflect metabolic disruptions in cows with leukemia. Multivariate analysis highlighted distinct metabolic profiles between infected and control cows, identifying key discriminating metabolites such as choline, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and arginine. Urine metabolomics revealed significant prepartum shifts in metabolites related to glucose, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and pyruvic acid, among others. Conclusions: The research confirmed metabolomics’ efficacy in defining a BLV infection metabolic profile, elucidating leukosis-associated metabolic disruptions. This approach facilitates the identification of BLV-infected cows and enhances understanding of infection pathophysiology, providing a foundation for advanced management and intervention strategies in dairy herds. The study underscores the profound impact of leukosis on metabolic processes and highlights urine metabolomics’ utility in non-invasively detecting BLV infection, offering the potential for improved herd health management.
Hepatic Transcriptomics of Broilers with Low and High Feed Conversion in Response to Caloric Restriction
Authors: Omotoso Adewunmi O. , Reyer Henry , Oster Michael , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara , Wimmers Klaus
Published: November 2024

Background: In broiler chickens, the efficient utilization of macro- and micronutrients is influenced by various metabolic pathways that are closely linked to feed efficiency (FE), a critical metric in poultry industry, with residual feed intake (RFI) as the preferred proxy. Feed restriction is considered an approach to address the underlying molecular mechanisms of feed conversion. We hypothesized that broiler chickens with divergent RFI subjected to quantitative feed restriction differ in their pattern of molecular pathways for efficient nutrient utilization in liver as post-absorptive tissue. Methods: Cobb 500FF broiler chickens divergent for RFI (n = 112) were feed-restricted from day 9 until market weight at day 33–37 post-hatch. Based on a previous trial, feed restriction levels were set at 92% (low-RFI birds) and 80% (high-RFI birds) relative to the control groups. Transcriptomic analyses of the liver were conducted. Results: Due to the interaction of the RFI group and feeding regimen, a total of 140 to 507 differentially expressed genes were identified for the respective contrasts, with implications for hepatic metabolism and cellular stress response. Although the broilers did not realize their full growth potential under restrictive feeding (12.4% reduced body weight vs. controls, p = 0.094), the gene expression patterns indicate a lower susceptibility to blood coagulation (KNG1, FGG, and FGB), suggesting that controlled and mild feed restriction could lead to health benefits in less feed-efficient broilers. Moreover, FE traits are shown to be linked to cellular detoxification processes (MGST3 and CYP2AC2) and triacylglycerol syntheses (MOGAT1 and LPIN1). Conclusions: Divergent transcriptional profiles between broiler groups under varied caloric conditions indicate potential for optimizing nutritional management strategies.
ScAlN PMUTs Based on Flexurally Suspended Membrane for Long-Range Detection
Authors: Yao Shutao , Shang Wenling , Ta Guifeng , Tao Jinyan , Liu Haojie , Zhao Xiangyong , Liu Jianhe , Miao Bin , Li Jiadong
Published: November 2024

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) have been widely applied in distance sensing applications. However, the rapid movement of miniature robots in complex environments necessitates higher ranging capabilities from sensors, making the enhancement of PMUT sensing distance critically important. In this paper, a scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) PMUT based on a flexurally suspended membrane is proposed. Unlike the traditional fully clamped design, the PMUT incorporates a partially clamped membrane, thereby extending the vibration displacement and enhancing the output sound pressure. Experimental results demonstrate that at a resonant frequency of 78 kHz, a single PMUT generates a sound pressure level (SPL) of 112.2 dB at a distance of 10 mm and achieves a high receiving sensitivity of 12.3 mV/Pa. Distance testing reveals that a single PMUT equipped with a horn can achieve a record-breaking distance sensing range of 11.2 m when used alongside a device capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving ultrasound signals. This achievement is significant for miniaturized and integrated applications that utilize ultrasound for long-range target detection.
Sedimentary Paleoenvironment and Organic Matter Enrichment of the Ying 4 Member in the Southern Shuangcheng Area, Songliao Basin
Authors: Shi Lidong , Yu Xuntao , Yuan Jiapeng , Xu Jinshuang , Yang Liang , Sun Lidong , Li Guozheng , Zhang Ying , Chen Dan , Li Guangwei
Published: November 2024

Based on organic carbon content measurement, kerogen microscopic examination, and the analysis of source rock maturity and major/trace elements, this study restores the sedimentary paleoenvironment of the Ying 4 Member in the southern Shuangcheng area, Songliao Basin, and determines the main controlling factors of the region’s organic matter enrichment. The results indicate that the organic carbon content of the source rock in the study area is 0.51%–8.29%, with a mean value of 2.48%. The average total organic carbon (TOC) value of the source rock reaches 2.35%, and the kerogen type index (KTI) is mainly distributed between 1.6 and 39.5, with an average of 21.5. The organic matter type is II2. The rock core test shows that the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is 0.83%–0.97%, with an average of 0.90%, demonstrating that the source rock in the study area has entered the peak hydrocarbon-generation stage. During the deposition of Ying 4 Member, the paleoclimate was warm and humid, and the corresponding sedimentary paleoenvironment was brackish water, having a typical reducing condition with low oxygen content and good primary productivity. In addition, intense volcanic activity have occurred, and the generated volcanic ash and hydrothermal fluids have transported substantial nutrients to the lake basin, promoting the development of algae in the water. The crossplot of the TOC content of dark shale against multiple paleoenvironment indexes shows that the organic matter enrichment in the Ying 4 Member is mainly controlled by paleoproductivity and the paleoclimate, but not associated with redox conditions and paleosalinity. Only warm conditions with high paleoproductivity can lead to organic matter enrichment, and regional volcanic activity plays a significant role in increasing paleoproductivity. Overall, the organic matter enrichment in the study area can be described by the productivity model.
First Principle Study on the Z-Type Characteristic Modulation of GaN/g-C3N4 Heterojunction
Authors: Dai Meng-Yao , Zhao Xu-Cai , Lei Bo-Cheng , Huang Yi-Neng , Zhang Li-Li , Guo Hai , Wang Hua-Gui
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of the GaN/g-C3N4 heterojunction using the plane wave super-soft pseudopotential method based on first principles. Additionally, an external electric field is employed to modulate the band structure and optical properties of GaN/g-C3N4. The computational results demonstrate that this heterojunction possesses a direct band gap and is classified as type II heterojunction, where the intrinsic electric field formed at the interface effectively suppresses carrier recombination. When the external electric field intensity (E) falls below −0.1 V/Å and includes −0.1 V/Å, or exceeds 0.2 V/Å, the heterojunction undergoes a transition from a type II structure to the superior Z-scheme, leading to a significant enhancement in the rate of separation of photogenerated carriers and an augmentation in its redox capability. Furthermore, the introduction of a positive electric field induces a redshift in the absorption spectrum, effectively broadening the light absorption range of the heterojunction. The aforementioned findings demonstrate that the optical properties of GaN/g-C3N4 can be precisely tuned by applying an external electric field, thereby facilitating its highly efficient utilization in the field of photocatalysis.
N-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives and Their Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Nikolaeva Natalia S. , Shagina Inna A. , Smirnova Karina D. , Zubishina Alla A. , Khlopotinin Alexander I. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , Khokhlov Alexander L. , Begunov Roman S. , Neganova Margarita E.
Published: November 2024

The era of chemotherapy began in the 1940s, which is the basis of traditional antitumor approaches and, being one of the most high-tech treatment methods, is still widely used to treat various types of cancer. A promising direction in modern medicinal chemistry is currently the creation of hybrid molecules containing several pharmacophore fragments of different structures. This strategy is successfully used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic agents and reduce side effects. In this work, we synthesized 10 1-aryl derivatives of benzimidazole and benzotriazole and 11 hybrids based on them. Among the compounds obtained, the most promising hybrid molecules were diphenylamines, containing an amino group and a benzotriazole cycle in the ortho position to the bridging NH group, which showed significant cytotoxic activity, excellent antioxidant properties and the ability to suppress the migration activity of tumor cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that substituted diphenylamine-based bipharmacophoric compounds may serve as a promising platform for further optimization to obtain effective antitumor compounds.
Nature-Inspired Synthesis of Yeast Capsule Replicas Encased with Silica-Vinyl Functionality: New Fluorescent Hollow Hybrid Microstructures
Authors: Miksa Beata , Trzeciak Katarzyna , Kaźmierski Slawomir , Rozanski Artur , Potrzebowski Marek , Rozga-Wijas Krystyna , Sobotta Lukasz , Ziabka Magdalena , Płódowska Magdalena , Szary Karol
Published: November 2024

Yeast capsules (YCs) produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with encapsulated fluorescent phenosafranin and azure dyes were used as catalytic template guides for developing hybrid functional organic/inorganic hollow microstructures with silica (SiO2) deposited on their surface generated in the imidazole-buffered system without the addition of any cationic surfactant. YCs-doped with SiO2 act as fluorescence emitters maintaining dye-loaded materials by sealing the microporous surface of YCs. We used vinyltrimethoxysilane as a precursor of SiO2 endowed with functional vinyl groups facilitating their further modification without disturbing the polysaccharide wall integrity. Consequently, the hybrid fluorescent polysaccharide/silica microcapsules (YC@dye@SiO2) are promising for wide-ranging optoelectronic applications in electrochromic and OLED devices with biocompatibility and biodegradability properties.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Organic Thiocyano (SCN) and Selenocyano (SeCN) Compounds, Their Chemical Transformations and Bioactivity
Authors: Abonia Rodrigo , Insuasty Daniel , Castillo Juan-Carlos , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: November 2024

New approaches for the synthesis of organic thio- and selenocyanates, and methods to incorporate them into more complex structures, including a wide variety of heterocyclic and polycylic derivatives, are reviewed. Protocols that convert the SCN and SeCN moieties into the thio and seleno derivatives by transforming the cyano group are also examined. In representative cases, the bioactivity data for these classes of compounds are reviewed.
Design and Development of D-A-D Organic Material for Solution-Processed Organic/Si Hybrid Solar Cells with 17.5% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Ullah Fahim , Hasrat Kamran , Iqbal Sami , Wang Shuang
Published: November 2024

Organic/silicon hybrid solar cells have attracted much interest due to their cheap fabrication process and simple device structure. A category of organic substances, Dibenzothiophene–Spirobifluorene–Dithiophene (DBBT-mTPA-DBT), comprises dibenzo [d,b] thiophene and 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-Carbazole, which function as electron donors. In contrast, methanone is an electron acceptor, with an ∆Est of 3.19 eV. This work focused on hybrid solar cells based on the guest–host phenomena of DBBT-mTPA-DBT and CBP. Using a Si/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hybrid solar cell with an ultra-thin Dibenzothiophene–Spirobifluorene–Dithienothiophene (DBBT-mTPA-DBT) interlayer between Si and Al led to a PCE of 17.5 ± 2.5%. The DBBT-mTPA-DBT interlayer substantially improved the Si/Al interface, reducing contact resistance from 6.5 × 10⁻1 Ω·cm2 to 3.5 × 10⁻2 Ω·cm2. This improvement increases electron transport efficiency from silicon to aluminum and reduces carrier recombination. The solar cell containing the DBBT-mTPA-DBT/Al double-layer cathode shows a 10.85% increase in power conversion efficiency relative to the standard Al cathode device.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Identification of the [AlCl2]+ Cation in Ether-Containing Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Gomide Gabriela P. , Alves Wagner A. , Eilmes Andrzej
Published: November 2024

A Raman and IR study of AlCl3-based ethereal solutions is here presented and aims at identifying the [AlCl2]+ cation, which has been so far unambiguously characterized by 27Al NMR spectrometry. To do that, experimental–theoretical vibrational spectroscopy was so employed, and the data are interpreted successfully. As a known amount of water is added to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-containing electrolyte, a Raman band at 271 cm−1 has its intensity increased along with the most intense band of [AlCl4]−, and such behavior is also seen for a band at 405 cm−1 in the IR spectra. New bands at around 420 and 400 cm−1 are observed in both Raman and IR spectra for the tetraglyme (G4)-based systems. The [AlCl2(THF)4]+ complex, in the cis and trans forms, is present in the cyclic ether, while the cis-[AlCl2(G4)]+ isomer is identified in the acyclic one.
Preparation of Double-Networked Slow-Expanding Nanomicrospheres and Evaluation of Drive Modulation Performance
Authors: Zuo Qiaolin , Fan Zhenzhong , Liu Qingwang , Fu Yuanfeng , Cui Luoqi , Yang Junfeng
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problem of excessive swelling of conventional microspheres for oilfield use, a novel amphiphilic polymerizable crosslinker (AE) was synthesized by quaternary ammonium modification of an unstable crosslinker (AE) using acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the monomers, N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide as the stabilizing crosslinker, ammonium peroxysulfate and sodium bisulfite as the initiator, and water as the solvent by using a reversed microemulsion method. Double-networked nanomicrospheres were prepared. The preparation conditions of the microspheres were optimized by the surface response method, focusing on the effects of the initiator addition and reaction temperature, and total crosslinker addition on the formation of nanomicrospheres. The samples were characterized by FTIR, TGA, laser particle sizer, and SEM to evaluate the retarded expansion performance and the modulation drive performance. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the preparation of microspheres were m(oil phase):m(water phase) = 3:2, stirring speed of 550 r/min, total crosslinking agent dosage of 0.6% (based on the total mass of monomers, hereinafter the same), initiator dosage of 0.30%, reaction temperature of 45 °C, and reaction time of 4 h. Compared with the conventional polymer microsphere PAM, PAE was slow-expanded for 45 d at 60 °C, and the expansion multiplier was about 16 times, with slow-expansion characteristics; the blocking rate of PAE reached 98.3%, the oil repulsion rate was 73.11%, and the increase in the recovery rate could be up to 11.23%. In this paper, a new type of nanomicrosphere material is investigated to realize the efficient implementation of oil field conditioning and driving.
Nanomaterials in Smart Energy-Efficient Coatings
Authors: Cao Xun
Published: November 2024

Temperature is a key manifestation of energy, with about 51% of global energy consumption occurring in the form of heat annually [...]
Design of Thermo-Responsive Pervaporation Membrane Based on Hyperbranched Polyglycerols and Elastin-like Protein Conjugates
Authors: Kallon Juliet , Bang John J. , Riaz Ufana , Taylor Darlene K.
Published: November 2024

This paper reports the development of a highly crosslinked hyper-branched polyglycerol (HPG) polymer bound to elastin-like proteins (ELPs) to create a membrane that undergoes a distinct closed-to-open permeation transition at 32 °C. The crosslinked HPG forms a robust, mesoporous structure (150–300 nm pores), suitable for selective filtration. The membranes were characterized by FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM, revealing their structural and morphological properties. Incorporating a synthetic polypeptide introduced thermo-responsive behavior, with the membrane transitioning from impermeable to permeable above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C. Permeation studies using crystal violet (CV) demonstrated selective transport, where CV permeated only above 32 °C, while water permeated at all temperatures. This hybrid HPG-ELP membrane system, acting as a molecular switch, offers potential for applications in drug delivery, bioseparations, and smart filtration systems, where permeability can be controlled by temperature.
An Evaluation of Moderate-Refractive-Index Nanoantennas for Enhancing the Photoluminescence Signal of Quantum Dots
Authors: Ramos Uña Rafael , García Cámara Braulio , Barreda Ángela I.
Published: November 2024

The use of nanostructures to enhance the emission of single-photon sources has attracted some attention in the last decade due to the development of quantum technologies. In particular, the use of metallic and high-refractive-index dielectric materials has been proposed. However, the utility of moderate-refractive-index dielectric nanostructures to achieve more efficient single-photon sources remains unexplored. Here, a systematic comparison of various metallic, high-refractive-index and moderate-refractive-index dielectric nanostructures was performed to optimize the excitation and emission of a CdSe/ZnS single quantum dot in the visible spectral region. Several geometries were evaluated in terms of electric field enhancement and Purcell factor, considering the combination of metallic, high-refractive-index and moderate-refractive-index dielectric materials conforming to homogeneous and hybrid nanoparticle dimers. Our results demonstrate that moderate-refractive-index dielectric nanoparticles can enhance the photoluminescence signal of quantum emitters due to their broader electric and magnetic dipolar resonances compared to high-refractive-index dielectric nanoparticles. However, hybrid combinations of metallic and high-refractive-index dielectric nanostructures offer the largest intensity enhancement and Purcell factors at the excitation and emission wavelengths of the quantum emitter, respectively. The results of this work may find applications in the development of single-photon sources.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N, S Co-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Fluorescent Sensing of Fe(III) and Hydroquinone in Water and Cell Imaging
Authors: Yu Zhaochuan , Deng Chao , Ma Wenhui , Liu Yuqian , Liu Chao , Zhang Tingwei , Xiao Huining
Published: November 2024

The detection of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants from water sources remains critical challenges due to their detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Herein, a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dot (NS-CQDs) fluorescent sensor was developed using a microwave-assisted carbonization method for the detection of Fe3+ ions and hydroquinone (HQ) in aqueous solutions. NS-CQDs exhibit excellent optical properties, enabling sensitive detection of Fe3+ and HQ, with detection limits as low as 3.40 and 0.96 μM. Notably, with the alternating introduction of Fe3+ and HQ, NS-CQDs exhibit significant fluorescence (FL) quenching and recovery properties. Based on this property, a reliable “on-off-on” detection mechanism was established, enabling continuous and reversible detection of Fe3+ and HQ. Furthermore, the low cytotoxicity of NS-CQDs was confirmed through successful imaging of HeLa cells, indicating their potential for real-time intracellular detection of Fe3+ and HQ. This work not only provides a green and rapid synthesis strategy for CQDs but also highlights their versatility as fluorescent probes for environmental monitoring and bioimaging applications.
Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Improves Postmenopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Study on Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Imperatrice Maria , Lasfar Anissa , van Kalkeren Colin A. J. , Troost Freddy
Published: November 2024

Menopause negatively impacts women’s health. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an olive leaf extract (OLE) improves postmenopausal symptoms, body composition, handgrip strength and blood lipid profile in postmenopausal women. In a randomized, double-blinded parallel study design, 60 healthy postmenopausal women aged 47–70 years received either OLE (250 mg/day) or placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Postmenopausal symptoms were assessed with the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQoL), the Hot Flash Interference scale (HFI), and body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) with a DXA scan; the lipid profile was measured in the blood serum. After six and twelve weeks of OLE supplementation, the overall MENQoL score significantly improved (estimated mean difference [95% CI]: −0.2 [−0.4−0.2], p = 0.027) compared to the placebo. A significant improvement (+0.017 [0.003, 0.030], p = 0.019) was recorded in the BMD in the right arm in the OLE group compared to the placebo. The intervention did not affect other body composition outcomes. TG concentrations and the TG/HDL-C ratio were significantly decreased (−0.1 [−0.2, 0.0], p = 0.010; −0.1 [−0.2, −0.0], p = 0.029, respectively) in the OLE group compared to the placebo. Twelve weeks of daily OLE supplementation improved postmenopausal symptoms. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.
Home Parenteral Support in Chronic Intestinal Failure—First Results from a Pioneer Portuguese Intestinal Failure Center
Authors: Mendes Ivo , Vara-Luiz Francisco , Palma Carolina , Nunes Gonçalo , Lima Maria , Oliveira Cátia , Brito Marta , Santos Ana , Santos Carla , Fonseca Jorge
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Home parenteral support (HPS) is the core of chronic intestinal failure (IF) treatment. For legal reasons, HPS in Portugal lags behind other European countries, and only a few patients were taken care of at home by nurses. Now, the legislation has changed, allowing patient self-care. The authors report their pioneer experience as the largest Portuguese IF center, evaluating the underlying conditions leading to IF, HPS nutritional impact, HPS-related complications and survival. Methods: This is a retrospective study including IF patients who underwent HPS in a Portuguese IF center. The data included demographics, underlying conditions, IF types, HPS duration, BMI at the beginning and end of HPS/follow-up, complications, microbiological agents of infectious complications and current status (deceased or alive with/without HPS). Survival was calculated until death or September 2024. Results: A total of 23 patients (52.2% female, mean age 57.3 years), all with type III IF, were included. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) was the most common cause of IF (69.6%). Of the included patients, 78.3% received home parenteral nutrition; the others received home parenteral hydration. The mean BMI increased significantly, from 19.1 kg/m2 to 22.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). Two patients received Teduglutide. The most common complication was catheter-related bloodstream infection (2.5/1000 catheter days). The complications did not increase with patient self-care. At the end of follow-up, 21.7% of patients remained on HPS, 34.8% were alive without HPS, and 43.5% died. The average survival was 43.4 months. One death (4.35%) was attributable to HPS-related complications. Conclusions: The conditions underlying IF varied, with SBS being the most frequent condition. HPS improved the BMI, allowing considerable survival. Despite the complications and one attributable death, HPS was safe, even when relying on patient self-care.
The Use of Osteogenon as an Adjunctive Treatment in Lower Leg Fractures
Authors: Morasiewicz Piotr , Zaborska Monika , Sobczak Michał , Tomczyk Łukasz , Leyko Paweł , Bobiński Andrzej , Kochańska-Bieri Joanna , Pili Daniele , Kazubski Krystian
Published: November 2024

Background: The goal of the orthopedic treatment of fractures is to achieve bone union as rapidly as possible in the largest possible number of patients and to minimize the number of complications. The purpose of this study was to assess if the use of Osteogenon would have a positive effect on radiological and clinical parameters in patients with lower leg bone fractures treated with the Ilizarov method. Methods: We evaluated 26 patients who had their lower leg bone fractures treated with the Ilizarov method and received Osteogenon at our clinic in the years 2021–2023. The control group comprised 25 patients with lower leg bone fractures treated with the Ilizarov method who did not receive Osteogenon. We assessed the following parameters: time to achieving bone union, bone union rate, time to resuming normal physical activity, time to achieving pain relief, the number of patients reporting pain relief, and the rate of complications. Results: The median time to achieve bone union after lower leg bone fracture treated with the Ilizarov method was shorter in the Osteogenon group (108.5 days) compared to the control group (134 days), p < 0.001. Bone union was achieved in all the patients in the Osteogenon group and in 96% of the patients in the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. The median time to resuming normal physical activity was shorter in the Osteogenon group (22.5 weeks) compared to the control group (27 weeks), p < 0.001. The median time to achieving pain relief was shorter in the Osteogenon group (21 weeks) compared to the control group (30 weeks), p < 0.001. The proportion of patients who reported pain relief was 88.46% in the group receiving Osteogenon and 76% in the control group; this difference was not statistically significant. The number of complications was lower in the Osteogenon group (8 patients; 30.77%) compared to the control group (15 patients; 60%), p = 0.035. Conclusions: The use of Osteogenon has a beneficial impact on the treatment of lower leg bone fractures with the Ilizarov method. Osteogenon shortens the time to achieve bone union. Moreover, the use of the ossein–hydroxyapatite complex helps reduce the number of complications and shortens the time to achieve pain relief and to resume normal activities.
Paclitaxel-Loaded, Pegylated Carboxylic Graphene Oxide with High Colloidal Stability, Sustained, pH-Responsive Release and Strong Anticancer Effects on Lung Cancer A549 Cell Line
Authors: Angelopoulou Athina , Papachristodoulou Myria , Voulgari Efstathia , Mouikis Andreas , Zygouri Panagiota , Gournis Dimitrios P. , Avgoustakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Background: Graphene Oxide (GO) has shown great potential in biomedical applications for cancer therapeutics. The biosafety and stability issues of GO in biological media have been addressed by functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Methods: In this work, carboxylated, nanosized GO (nCGO) was evaluated as a potential carrier of paclitaxel (PCT). The effect of PEG characteristics on particle size and surface charge, colloidal stability, drug, and release, and the hemolytic potential of nCGO, was investigated. Optimum PEG-nCGO/PCT formulations based on the above properties were evaluated for their anticancer activity (cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction) in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Results: An increase in the length of linear PEG chains and the use of branched (4-arm) instead of linear PEG resulted in a decrease in hydrodynamic diameter and an increase in ζ potential of the pegylated nCGO particles. Pegylated nCGO exhibited high colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline and in cell culture media and low hemolytic effect, even at a relatively high concentration of 1 mg/mL. The molecular weight of PEG and branching adversely affected PCT loading. An increased rate of PCT release at an acidic pH of 6.0 compared to the physiological pH of 7.4 was observed with all types of pegylated nCGO/PCT. Pegylated nCGO exhibited lower cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity than non-pegylated nCGO. Cellular uptake of pegylated nCGO increased with incubation time with cells leading to increased cytotoxicity of PEG-nCGO/PCT with incubation time, which became higher than that of free PCT at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Conclusions: The increased biocompatibility of the pegylated nCGO and the enhanced anticancer activity of PEG-nCGO/PCT compared to free PCT are desirable properties with regard to the potential clinical application of PEG-nCGO/PCT as an anticancer nanomedicine.
Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles in Microparticle-Based Powder: Evaluating the Potential of Methylprednisolone Delivery for Future Lung Disease Treatment via Inhalation
Authors: Scialabba Cinzia , Craparo Emanuela Fabiola , Bonsignore Sofia , Cabibbo Marta , Cavallaro Gennara
Published: November 2024

Background. Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) offer a promising method for delivering methylprednisolone (MePD) to treat lung inflammation, addressing aggregation issues seen with polymer-only formulations. Objectives. This study aimed to develop LPHNPs for MePD delivery, assessing their physicochemical properties, drug loading, cytocompatibility, and release profiles, ultimately enabling inhalable microparticle-based powder. Methods. The nanoparticles were formulated using α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide-g-Rhodamine B-g-poly(lactic acid) (PHEA-g-RhB-g-PLA) and phospholipids DPPC, DOTAP, and DSPE-PEG2000 in a 45:30:25 weight ratio. Their size, redispersion after freeze-drying, drug loading (DL%), and controlled release were evaluated. Cytocompatibility was assessed on 16-HBE cell lines, measuring anti-inflammatory effects via IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Spray drying was optimized to produce microparticles using mannitol (MAN), leucine (LEU), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Results. The nanoparticles had a size of 186 nm and a DL% of 2.9% for MePD. They showed good cytocompatibility, significantly reducing IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Spray drying yielded microparticles with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 62.3% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.9 µm. Inclusion of LPHNPs@MePD (0.25% w/v) resulted in FPF and MMAD values of 56.7% and 4.4 µm. In conclusion, this study described the production of novel inhalable powders as carriers for MePD-loaded nanostructures with favorable physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and promising aerosol performance, indicating their potential as an effective inhalable therapy for lung inflammation with corticosteroids, especially for treating chronic diseases.
Development of a Graphene Oxide-Based Aptamer Nanoarray for Improved Neutralization and Protection Effects Against Ricin
Authors: Li Huafei , Ai Yanwen , Wu Yanjin , Fan Ruyu , Tian Yuan , Chen Shuangqun , Wan Wei , Wu Cong
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Ricin’s high toxicity and potential as a bioweapon underscore the need for effective antidotes. Monoclonal antibodies, though effective, are limited by complex production. This study aimed to develop a graphene oxide-based aptamer nanoarray (ARMAN) for improved neutralization and protection against ricin. Methods: High-affinity aptamers targeting ricin’s RTA and RTB subunits were selected using SELEX technology and conjugated to graphene oxide (GO) via click chemistry. ARMAN’s characteristics, including morphology, stability, and biosecurity, were assessed. Its performance was evaluated in terms of affinity for ricin, neutralization capacity, and therapeutic effects in cellular assays and a mouse model of ricin poisoning. Results: ARMAN exhibited a uniform morphology with an average particle size of 217 nm and demonstrated significantly enhanced affinity for ricin compared to free aptamers. ARMAN showed rapid and effective neutralization ability, significantly increasing cell viability in BEAS-2B, GES-1, and HL7702 cell lines exposed to ricin. In vivo, ARMAN treatment led to a notable prolongation of survival in ricin-poisoned mice, highlighting its potential for both pre- and post-exposure treatment. These findings indicate that ARMAN not only neutralizes ricin effectively but also provides a therapeutic window for treatment. Conclusions: ARMAN’s superior binding affinity, serum stability, biocompatibility, and broad therapeutic efficacy make it a promising new antidote against ricin poisoning. This study’s findings represent significant progress in the development of rapid-response antidotes, with ARMAN offering a potential solution for both military and civilian emergency response scenarios.