bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Биоэквивалентность таблетированной лекарственной формы вещества РУ-31
Authors: Спасов Александр Алексеевич , Смирнова Людмила Андреевна , Рябуха Анна Федоровна , Кузнецов Константин Александрович , Великопольская Мария Владимировна , Яковлев Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: April 2021

Проведено исследование биоэквивалентности таблетированной лекарственной формы вещества с лабораторным шифром РУ-31. Изучены основные фармакокинетические параметры и рассчитан показатель относительной биодоступности. Относительная биодоступность составляет фактически 100 %. Кумуляции ГЛФ РУ-31 при трехкратном введении в дозе 10 мг/кг не выявлено.
Синтез и анксиолитические свойства 9-окси-9-(4-этилпиперазинокарбонил)флуорена гидрохлорида, структурного аналога М-холиноблокатора амизила
Authors: Хныченко Людмила Константиновна , Яковлева Е. Е. , Гмиро В. Е. , Шабанов П. Д.
Published: April 2021

В опытах на крысах на модели депрессивно-подобного состояния, вызванного резерпином, по результатам тестов «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» и «открытое поле» установлено, что структурный аналог М-холиноблокатора амизила 9-окси-9-(4-этилпиперазинокарбонил)флуорена гидрохлорид в дозе 10 мг/кг (1/16 LD50) при курсовом (30 дней) внутрибрюшинном введении оказывает анксиолитическое действие, стимулирует «исследовательскую» активность и корректирует вегетативные реакции животных. Выраженность противотревожного эффекта этого соединения была сопоставима с действием бензодиазепинового анксиолитика диазепама. В тесте «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» по количеству заходов в «открытые» и «закрытые» рукава лабиринта, по времени, проведенному в них, после введения исследуемого соединения или диазепама достоверных различий не выявлено. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что структурный аналог амизила является перспективным для разработки в качестве средства, оказывающего анксиолитическое действие при невротических состояниях для устранения эмоциональной неустойчивости.
Получение методом сорастворения, физико-химические свойства и противосудорожная активность комплекса включения гидроксипропил-β-циклодекстрина с карбамазепином
Authors: Антясова Марина Николаевна , Тюкова Виктория Сергеевна , Прохоров Денис Игоревич , Жаворонок Елена Сергеевна , Панов Алексей Валерьевич , Капица Инга Геннадьевна , Кедик Станислав Анатольевич
Published: April 2021

С целью повышения растворимости и биодоступности противоэпилептического препарата карбамазепина получен его комплекс включения с гидроксипропил-β-циклодекстрином методом сорастворения с практически полным выходом продукта, потери составили не более 1 %. Исследование комплекса было проведено методами 1Н ЯМР-спектроскопии и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии, и в сравнении с исходными карбамазепином и гидроксипропил-β-циклодекстрином было подтверждено формирование комплекса включения без образования ковалентных химических связей. Изучены физико-химические свойства, определена растворимость комплекса включения в воде, которая составила 5 · 105 мг/л (при 25 °C), а также проведена оценка противосудорожной активности полученной формы карбамазепина при внутрибрюшинном и интраназальном способах введения у мышей, которая свидетельствуют об эффективности использования комплекса в дозе 20 мг/кг в качестве противосудорожного средства.
Coherence Aspects Within Efl Essay
Authors: Megawati Erna
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to discover Indonesian undergraduate students’ understanding in composing a coherence English essay. The subjects of the research are essay texts written by thirty undergraduate students using theme “Students’ attitude toward Indonesian language” chosen randomly. The analysis has revealed that s coherence aspects have not used properly, more over there is one aspect is not used. The coherence aspects consist of repetition key noun, using consistent pronoun, transition signals and logical order. This research is designed as library research using content analysis method. Data are analyzed to investigated the coherency in students’ essay.

Key words: essay, coherence
The Translation Result Evaluation Of Non-Standard English Simple Sentences (African American Vernacular English) Into Indonesian In The Novel Entitled The Help By Kathryn Stockett
Authors: Santoso Doni Anggoro Ari
Published: April 2021

Abstrak

This research is an overall view over translation of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) especially simple sentences in the novel The Help by an American author Kathryn Stockett and in the translation by Barokah Ruziati. The writer chooses this topic and the novel as main sources that are analyzed because she realizes that the use of Non-Standard English particularly AAVE is rarely used in writing novels in general.

The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the translation of simple sentences   from   Non-Standard   English   into   simple   sentences   from   Standard Indonesian; (2) and to analyze the result that accordance with a good criteria of translation.

This novel is written in Non-Standard English particularly AAVE and it is translated into Standard  Indonesian.  The writer analyzes simple sentences in the novel to figure out the quality of its translation.

To analyze this novel the writer uses descriptive    qualitative    method.    The writer analyzes descriptive data in form sentences, in specific are simple sentences that are taken from the novel. From this research it can be conclude that there is

63.29% of accurate translation and 36.70% of less accurate translation. 
American Myth Values In Our Town Play By Thornton Wilder (A Study Of Mythology)
Authors: Gufron Uup
Published: April 2021

This article aims to prove that American people really still believe in the myth during the early twentieth-century. The writer has found many historical data that support this research. In literary research he uses an analytic descriptive method. Finally, the collected data is explained and analyzed in order to answer the research problems. To support this research, he uses two theories; they are mythology theory and literary sociology approach.

Thornton Wilder describes portrait of the American society that still believed in the myths in his best play entitled Our Town (1983). They lived in fictional small town namely Grover’s Corner. In their daily activities, they kept firmly the belief in the myths without missing the faith to religion. They realized that there were many positive things and goodness in every myth. The central values on the play are talking about three phases of life such as childhood, marriage and death.

We find many myths about the childhood, marriage and death on the play. All they are talking about myths of days, months, weather, time, color, and ghost. In every belief of the myths, all of them contain how we can choose a good and bad one in facing problem. We should not do what the belief forbids. If we disobey them, -as in myth told- we will get some bad effect.
Issues In Teaching Speaking In Bilingual Class
Authors: Fidinillah Mildan Arsdan
Published: April 2021

 Students who study in bilingual class are expected to have the ability of speaking English as well as Indonesian. This study looks at the learning steps in teaching speaking English in bilingual class that claimed their students are able to speak fluently in English within one year. The research data was taken from two bilingual classes at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Ciputat, South Tangerang City, Banten. The sample of this study were 20 bilingual class students from class 6. The instruments of the research are questionnaire and class observation. Questionnaire is given to the teachers related to their methods in teaching speaking, class observation is done to see the ability of students in speaking. This research is limited only to the teaching steps of English speaking in the bilingual class. The results of this study indicates that by practicing the cluster method carried out by the teacher, the students' speaking skills improved significantly in a short time

 

 

Key Words: Bilingual, monoligual, literacy instruction,

 

RINGKASAN

 

Siswa yang belajar dikelas bilingual ddiharapkan mempunyai kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris sebaik bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencari tahu langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang terkait dengan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris di kelas bilingual yang mengklaim siswanya dapat lancer berbicara bahasa Inggris dalam waktu satu tahun. Data-data penelitian  diambil dari dua kelas bilingual di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Ciputat Kota Tangerang Selatan Banten. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa kelas bilingual yang berasal dari kelas 6. Instrument dari penelitian ini adalah angket dan observasi kelas. Angket diberikan kepada guru untuk melihat metode mengajar yang terkait dengan kemampuan berbicara, observasi kelas dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada langkah-langkah pengajaran berbicarabahasa Inggris dikelas bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dengan mempraktekan metode kluster yang dilakukan oleh guru, kemampuan berbicara siswa dapat meningkat secara signifikan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat   

 

Kata Kunci: Dwi bahasa, bahasa tunggal, instruksi lisan
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ ANXIETY AND SPEAKING SKILL AT STKIP KUSUMA NEGARA JAKARTA (A survey research first semester academic year 2018/2019)
Authors: Megawati Megawati
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to know whether there is any correlation between students’anxiety and speaking skill at STKIP Kusuma Negara Jakarta, first semester  academic year 2018/2019.

This research used quantitative method and the design was correlational research. The sample of this research consists of 25 students. The data of the students’anxiety were collected by using the questionaire which was adopted from foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale Horwitz et.at FLCAS, while the data of students’speaking skill were collected by using speaking test. In this research, researcher has two variables, independent variable which variable students’anxiety and dependent variable consists of students’ speaking skill.

The researcher use SPSS program, before doing the analysis the data normality was tested by using Kolmogorf-Smirnov test to see if the population was distributed normal. The result of this research concluded that there is significant correlation between variable (X) students’anxiety and variable (Y) speaking skill. Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.001 < 0.05. It means that students who have higher speaking skill, they was influenced by anxiety. The value of correlation coefficient is -0.629 <0.5. It means that there is negative correlation between students’anxiety and speaking skill. If the students’anxiety is high so speaking skill is low and if the students’anxiety is low so speaking skill is high.
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF SCHOOLOGY IN COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING COURSE
Authors: Nugroho Nugroho
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the perceptions of students as prospective teachers of Schoology in Computer Assisted Language Learning subjects.  Schoology is a web-based learning media commonly called the Learning Management System. Schoology is one of the free web platform in the form of social web and easy to use like Facebook. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and approach with data collection methods in the form of interviews. The interviewer interviewed nine informants, sixth semester students in Computer Assisted Language Learning subjects with a Schoolgy discussion. Informants acted as instructors in their groups randomly selected. The results of the interview show that all informants already know the schoology and its features. Informants will also use schoology when they become teachers. The obstacle faced by 44% of students is when making material in the form of quizzes. They usually forget to arrange the quiz so the quiz does not appear on the student account. Another obstacle is to download the value and print it. But overall the students' perceptions of schoology in Assisted Language Learning courses are good. This research will be developed at the school level, Schoology in the view of teachers and students.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ANXIETY TO ENGLISH TEXT COMPREHENSION ABILITY
Authors: Supeno Supeno , Suseno Imam
Published: April 2021

This study aims to understand how anxiety as a variable contributes to affecting the ability to comprehend English texts using the ex post facto method, with eleventh grade high school students in Jakarta as the respondents. Students’ anxiety is measured based on behavioral and cognitive characteristics listed on the questionnaire given to respondents along with the English test. The results show that there is indeed a difference in anxiety levels on students in working on the various English text comprehension tests given. The results of the English text comprehension tests are generally influenced by the anxiety variable, although the effect is found to be small. Teachers are recommended to use multiple teaching methods, and to teach and motivate the students to read more. Teachers are also recommended to apply multiple variations of ability evaluation in measuring the students’ English text comprehension by using multiple test modes.
STUDENTS’ ENGLISH SUMMATIVE TEST ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY AT SMA PERGURUAN RAKYAT 1 JAKARTA
Authors: Nurani Siti , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: April 2021

The present research aims at analyzing the English summative test at SMA Perguruan Rakyat 1 in the Second Term of 2018/2019 Academic Year. The analysis concerns to difficulty level and discriminating power to know the teacher-made test English summative test at SMA Perguruan Rakyat 1 whether or not the test has good items, especially of its difficulty level, discriminating power and the effectiveness of the distracters. Such research procedures are employed, such as observation, literature review and statistical analysis. Specifically, the result of the research is expected to be beneficial for educational practitioners to have a more-depth insight of English summative test analysis. Furthermore, the result of the research is also expected to give valuable knowledge for those who are interested in analyzing the English summative test writing, mainly to the indicators of its discriminating power and distracters. Lastly, it is also hoped to be as reference for further researchers to draw related concepts of English summative test analysis that is integrated with various disciplines implemented in the classroom contexts.
ANALISIS PENILAIAN KINERJA GREEN BUILDING PADA PROYEK REHABILITASI BANGUNAN PASAR PRAWIROTAMAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Arndarnijariah Faqi Fesyaputri
Published: April 2021

Laju pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya menyebabkan perkembangan pembangunan juga berkembang dengan sangat pesat dan cepat. Perkembangan ini tentunya berdampak pada lingkungan, oleh karena itu perlu diterapkan konsep Green Building untuk menjaga keselamatan lingkungan. Konsep Green Building yang belum dikenal luas di Indonesia akan menimbulkan kesulitan dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini meninjau proyek Rehabilitasi Bangunan Pasar Prawirotaman Kota Yogyakarta yang merupakan salah satu proyek yang menerapkan konsep Green Building menurut Surat Edaran Direktur Jenderal Cipta Karya Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor:  86/SE/DC/2016 untuk melihat aspek penilaian kinerja yang terpenting sehingga instansi yang akan memulai penerapan konsep Green Building dapat mengoptimalkan aspek-aspek tersebut dahulu. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara analisis statistik data kuesioner dengan bantuan software SPSS dalam pengolahan datanya dan metode AHP pada sistem perankingan aspek. Analisis statistik juga diilakukan pada data poin penilaian kinerja untuk mendapatkan besar persentase sertifikasinya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan untuk aspek terpenting didapatkan aspek Rantai Pasok Hijau – dalam proses konstruksi menggunakan material yang ramah lingkungan dengan nilai sebesar 92,763. Pada tahap perencanaan persentase sertifikasi sebesar 74,25% dan 45% pada tahap pelaksanaan konstruksi
Jinekolojik Kanserlerde Destek Tedavi Olarak Mantar Kullanımı
Authors: ANTMEN Ş. Efsun , ÖGENLER Oya
Published: April 2021

Mantarlar, içerdikleri biyoaktif özellikteki maddeler ile gıda, ilaç ve kozmetik sanayisinde önemli bir doğal kaynak olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca insan sağlığı üzerine bilinen etkileri nedeniyle uzun yıllardan beri halk arasında geleneksel tedavide kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda; jinekolojik kanserlerde kullanılan destek tedavilerden biri olan mantar kullanımının, etkilerinin ve tedavi sürecinde oluşabilecek risklerin güncel literatür kapsamında irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Oldukça zor olan kanser hastalıklarının tedavi ve önleme sürecinde en çok önerilen yaklaşımlarından biri, benzersiz biyoaktif ikincil metabolitleri içerdikleri için bitki veya kullanılabilir mantar materyallerinin sık tüketilmesidir. Özellikle onkoloji alanında tedavi sürecinde kemoterapi ve radyasyonun olumsuz etkilerini azaltarak, yaşam kalitesini iyileştirerek hastaların süreci daha rahat geçirebilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla kullanılırlar. Mantar ekstraktları ile yapılan çalışmalar mantarların ve mantar ekstraktlarının koruyucu, güvenli ve genellikle de iyi tolere edilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Mantarların veya mantar ekstraktlarının servikal, over ve endometriyal kanser üzerine etki mekanizmalarıyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda apoptozisi arttırdığı, over kanser oluşumunu engellediği ve sağkalım artışına destek olduğunun belirtildiği birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kanser hastalarında, özellikle bitkisel kaynaklı destek tedavi kullanımının ilaç etkileşimlerine neden olabildiği ve bu bitkilerin tedaviyi olumsuz etkileyebildiği de belirtilmektedir. Sonuç olarak jinekolojik kanserlerde koruma veya tedavi etme amacıyla direkt ya da indirekt yolla kullanılabilen mantarların hastalık sürecine etkileri göz ardı edilmemelidir ancak sağlık profesyonelleri ile kontrol altında tutulmalıdır.
Racial Literacy, the Black-White Binary, and an Equitable Learning Environment
Authors: Cheah Joseph
Published: April 2021

No abstract included.
Transitioning from Early to Mid-Career as an Asian American Scholar of Religion
Authors: Sayuki Tiemeier Tracy
Published: April 2021

This article explores the post-tenure challenges and opportunities for Asian American scholars of religion. Although the pressure of service can be a burden on mid-level faculty, service can offer a fulfilling way to integrate one’s scholarly work and one’s commitment to Asian American communities. Moreover, even as excellence in teaching often is not given much (if any) weight in promotion to full professor, it can be mutually illuminative to experiment with teaching at the same time as one is also reassessing one’s field and place within it. Indeed, the mid-career offers a unique standpoint from which one can bring teaching and research together in a synergistic way. Revised approaches to courses in comparative theology and Hinduism both enhanced the author’s scholarship as well as allowed her to better serve her students. Integrating teaching, scholarship, and advocacy can be deeply productive for Asian American scholars of religion after tenure.
Expanding the Theological Classroom
Authors: Barton Sarah
Published: April 2021

Disability, ableism, and universal design for learning continue to be under-investigated areas in the context of theological education. This essay considers the history of accessibility and disability in theological education, highlighting pressing considerations for contemporary theological educators. Offering a case study of a course in Christian ethics with degree-seeking Duke Divinity School students and community learners with intellectual and developmental disabilities, this essay analyzes both challenges and supports for the participation of diverse students in theological education. In conversation with scholars in the areas of disability studies and inclusive pedagogy, this essay also offers some best practices in relationship to disability and universal design for learning within a theological framework for education.
Lemons Into Lemonade
Authors: Duncan Ann
Published: April 2021

In response to shifting demographics, financial strain, and an existential crisis about their value and place in the twenty-first century world, small liberal arts colleges are changing -- some choosing to close while others make drastic changes to curricular and programmatic offerings to demonstrate innovation and adaptation. This paper will present a case study of these tensions and responses through discussion of one college’s simultaneous commitment to Interfaith Engagement and discontinuance of the Religion Major and Minor.  This reality crystalizes the tension and disconnect between the curricular and civic projects of interreligious studies and interfaith engagement. At the same time, this reality opens the door to a pragmatic solution that intentionally integrates these two in a manner that promises to provide both an effective response to a budget driven problem and a potential new paradigm for curricular and co-curricular integration and community-based learning for higher education as a whole.
Let’s be Buddhists for the Next Few Weeks!
Authors: Lännström Anna
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the risks and rewards of integrating theory and practice in the study of yoga and meditation in college classes. It focuses on a case study of my Yoga, mindfulness, and Indian philosophy course. The course combines hatha yoga and meditation practice with the study of those practices and their origins.  We use yoga and meditation to relieve stress and anxiety.  We study Buddhist and Hindu worldviews.  We examine ethical issues in the ways that yoga and meditation are appropriated and removed from their religious contexts (including the ways we’re using them in the course itself), we reflect on the ways in which our practice differs from traditional practices, we assess different types of contemporary practice, and we weigh the benefits and the costs of our Western embrace of yoga and meditation.
Now I Can See the Moon
Authors: Adams Namdrol Miranda
Published: April 2021

Contemplative education dawns in the 21st century with great possibility. Thus far, the field resonates with life and promises to expand American educational pedagogies with ideas of new epistemologies, dynamics, and languaging around why, how, and whom we educate. Much work has been done on the analysis of the threads that may inform contemplative studies, from our own culture and that of others, and this article adds to that body of work, exploring ways that western pedagogical strategies might inform contemplative education, most specifically in terms of purpose, the interior life of faculty, and the relationship with students.
The Spirit of Inclusion
Authors: Brienza Alicia
Published: April 2021

Inclusion means developing a shared language and cultivating spaces that are adaptable for all learners. In higher education, a campus-wide adoption of inclusion is difficult due to limited time and resources. However, the presence of students with learning differences is increasing on college campuses and challenging traditional images of students and the classroom experience. As the student landscape of higher education continues to shift, developing an inclusive philosophy and increasing accessibility will become imperative. This paper seeks to frame its discussion of inclusion from a theological, relational-ethics lens in order to provide context, strategies and training for all educators.
Creating Digital Tours of Sacred Spaces
Authors: Zeller Ben
Published: April 2021

n/a
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA LEGISLAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA PARA EVIDENCIAR O NEGRO COMO AGENTE ATIVO
Authors: Araujo Santana Tatiane , dos Reisde Assis Telma Regina , Silva dos Santos Zoraide
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir a contribuição da legislação educacional brasileira para a sensibilização e valorização sobre o negro como agente ativo bem como reconhecer a diversidade cultural e valorizar a importância do negro, sua cultura e história percebendo suas memórias. Embora existam mudanças significativas ainda pode-se perceber que o negro ainda é símbolo de frustrações, inferioridade e violência fortalecendo ainda mais a tendência racista. A metodologia usada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, artigos e revistas. Conclui-se que faz-se necessário considerar a presença do povo negro na construção da população brasileira além de ressaltar as suas lutas mais presentes, a fim de minimizar os preconceitos empregados aos negros.
The Effect of Differences of Live Feed on The Growth And Survival of Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus Nemurus) Larvae.
Authors: Hutagalung Rizal Akbar , Mudlofdar Farid , Salim Ridwan
Published: April 2021

Baung fish is one of the local fish in West Kalimantan which has high economic value. One of the problems that arise in the maintenance of baung fish larvae is the low survival and growth rate, the most strategic solution is to determine the right type of feed according to the feeding habits of the baung fish larvae. The purpose of this study was to obtain the type of natural food that was most effective in rearing the larvae of fish. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. Treatment types of natural feed used in this study were Artemia (A), Water Fleas (B), Silkworms (C) and Pellet Flour (D), and arranged randomly. The results of the research through analysis of variance (Anova) show that all treatments can have a significant effect on the absolute length growth rate variable and the survival rate variable. Based on Tukey's further test, the treatment that had the best effect on the growth rate of absolute length was treatment C, namely 9.20 ± cm, while the treatment with the highest effect on survival rate was treatment A which was 98.8Keywords: Natural Feed, Baung Fish, Growth, Survival
The influence of the addition of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and red amaranth (Alternanthera amoena Voss) on the feed for color acumen of the guppies fish (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Apriasih Hipit Putri , Sofia Ana , Cahyo Latif Dwi , Sakinah Salsabila Nurdini , Anisa Zenobia , Armando Eric , Mujtahidah Tholibah , Ayuningtyas Ayuningtyas
Published: April 2021

Guppy fish is currently in high demand because they has interesting color variations such as red, blue, yellow. The carotenoid content in red peppers and red spinach is able to increase the brightness of the color of the fish. This research aims to find out the effect of the addition of red peppers and red spinach on guppy fish color. Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatment and 3 repetitions was used. The research data was analyzed by using the Adope Photoshop app by observing the discoloration that occurred before and after the treatment by using color libraries. The study found that the percentage of blue and purple in guppy fish increased. This was related to the absence of carotene that associated with protein and produces carotenoproteins. The most prominent discoloration result was the treatment 1 (addition of peppers). In treatment 1 there was a significant discoloration of the blue color with the code 732-0 from 0% to 11.9%, while in the treatment 2 (addition of spinach) color coded 732-0 was changed from 0% to 5.88%, the treatment 3(control) treatment was changed from 1.21 % to 0.6%. Meanwhile, the purple color with the code 728-0 on treatment 1 from 0% to 2.36%, on treatment 2 from 0% to 0.22% and on treatment 3 purple color did not came out. It can be concluded that the most influential to the color of guppy fish was peppers, spinach and control treatment, respectively.Keywords : red spinach, carotene, guppy fish, red peppers, color.
Kritik Adam Smith terhadap Mercantisme
Authors: Rozalddin Muh. Risky
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang kritik adam smith terhadap Mercantisme
Teaching German as a Second Foreign Language at Primary Education in Turkey
Authors: Karaman Fatma , aior
Published: April 2021

It is a known situation that knowing a single foreign language is not enough in the 21st century and that knowing a second language will give an individual privilege. Accordingly, in recent years, serious steps have been taken related to foreign language teaching in Turkey. In Turkey is beginning to be taught in basic education German as a second foreign language after English as a first foreign language. Due to the increase in the importance given to the second foreign language, it has become an important situation to organize activities according to the interest and readiness of the student in order to achieve the desired success in learning German. In this context, the aim of this study is to provide examples of activity design in which communication for German teaching after English in primary education is at the forefront. In this study, is designed activities related to the topic "Einkaufen, Farben, Obst und Gemüse, Mülltrennung, Berufe, Artikel, Krankenheiten" located in the German language curriculum in basic education in Turkey. Considering the cognitive, physical and affective development of the students in the design of the activities, many teaching principles such as relativity to the student and the principles of experiencing by doing have been brought to the fore.
Empathy and Perceived Stress among College Students
Authors: Gupta Kanchan , NC Kiran
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the researchers have attempted to assess the relationship between empathy and perceived stress among college students of Karnataka and West Bengal in India. The data was collected using the Basic Empathy Scale for Adults (BES-A) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) from a sample of 214 college students, in which 107 were boys and 107 were girls. The study found that there was no significant relationship between their cognitive empathy and perceived stress but a significant relationship between their affective empathy and perceived stress was found and the correlation was found to be positive. The study also found that there was a significant gender difference in empathy among college students and girls had a higher empathy than boys whereas in case of perceived stress, no significant gender difference was found although the girls showed higher perceived stress levels than boys but the difference in their perceived stress levels was minimal. The implications of nurturing empathy and reducing perceived stress among the college students are discussed.
Kepemimpinan Laissez Faire
Authors: Lusiana Anisa
Published: April 2021

Kepemimpinan adalah kemampuan mempengaruhi orang lain sehingga orang tersebut dengan penuh semangat berusaha mencapai tujuan. Gaya kepemimpinan laissez faire (bebas) yaitu gaya kepemimpinan yang lebih banyak menekankan keputusan kelompok. Pimpinan akan menyerahkan keputusan kepada keinginan kelompok serta dalam bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan pekerjaan tersebut kepada bawahan.
“Competence Areas” as a New Notion Instead of Teacher Competencies
Authors: Ayranci Bilge Bağci , Başkan Ahmet
Published: April 2021

The concept of "teacher competence" has been used as a defining concept in explaining the competence levels of teachers in different fields since the early 2000s. However, with the publication of the 2019 Turkish course curriculum, it was seen that this concept was not included in the program, but instead "competence areas" were explained in detail. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the 2019 Turkish Lesson Curriculum in terms of teacher competencies. Before the publication of the curriculum 2019, primary teaching competencies in the literature were investigated and listed, and the Turkish lesson curriculum was then evaluated considering those teacher competencies. In the 2019 Turkish Lesson Curriculum, unlike other programs, the scope and content of competency areas were defined in detail. Thus, the analysis of competency areas by teacher competence contributes to the literature. In the literature, teacher competencies were associated with various skills such as "digital competence," "learning to learn," "social and civic competencies" and "the sense of initiative and entrepreneurship." The 2019 Turkish Lesson Curriculum was assessed considering those skills. Accordingly, in the Turkish Lesson Curriculum 2019, the most critical competence area is the "digital competence" dimension. We can see the reflections of digital competence in the definition of skills and educational text types. The precondition for fostering digital competence in students is that teachers have digital competence. Thus, it is suggested to redefine and determine teaching competencies, knowledge, and skills related to "digital competence.”
Sejarah Singkat Laissez Faire
Authors: Marza Mega
Published: April 2021

laissez faire merupakan istilah yang berasal dari bahasa perancis yang kemudian dikenal banyak orang karena paham yang mempunyai arti kendal bebas, perdagangan bebas, dan lainnya.
Differential expression of leiomodin 1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding leiomodin 1, LMOD1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. LMOD1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of LMOD1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal subtype or HER2+ breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. LMOD1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member 5 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member 5, ITIH5, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ITIH5 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ITIH5 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with HER2+ cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. ITIH5 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Kritik Adam Smith terhadap merkantilisme
Authors: septiani Dian
Published: April 2021

Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kritik Adam Smith terhadap merkantilisme
The Impact of Past Pandemics on Economic and Gender Inequalities
Authors: Brzezinski Michal
Published: April 2021

This paper estimates how previous major pandemic events affected economic and gender inequalities in the short- to medium run. We consider the impact of six major pandemic episodes – H3N2 Flu (1968), SARS (2003), H1N1 Swine Flu (2009), MERS (2012), Ebola (2014), and Zika (2016) – on cross-country inequalities in a sample of up to 180 countries observed over 1950-2019. Results show that the past pandemics have moderately increased income inequality in the affected countries in the period of four to five years after the pandemic’s start. On the other hand, we do not find any robust negative impacts on wealth inequality. The results concerning gender inequality are less consistent, but we find some evidence of declining gender equality among the hardest hit countries, as well as of growing gender gaps in unemployment within the four years after the onset of the pandemic.
KRITIK ADAM SMITH TERHADAP MERKANTILISME
Authors: Lusiana Anisa
Published: April 2021

Merkantilisme adalah sekumpulan pemikiran ekonomi yang muncul di Eropa selama periode 1500-1750. Negara yang memiliki tindakan yang sama terhadap aktivitas domestik dan peran perdagangan internasional dengan tujuan untuk mendominasi ekonomi dan kebijakan pada saat itu. Menurut sistem merkantilisme, kekayaan hanya terdiri dari uang yang pada saat itu diartikan berupa emas dan perak, dimana tujuan utama setiap bangsa adalah mengumpulkan kedua komoditi tersebut secara agresif sehingga menghalalkan segala cara untuk mendapatkannya. Dalam buku The Wealth of Nation (1965) Adam Smith mengungkapkan bahwa “persoalan utama yang selalu kita jumpai adalah mengumpulkan uang".
Practical Foundations of Machine Learning for Addiction Research. Part II. Workflow and use cases.
Authors: Cresta Morgado Pablo , Carusso Martín , Alemany Laura Alonso , Acion Laura
Published: April 2021

In a continuum with applied statistics, machine learning offers a wide variety of tools to explore, analyze, and understand addiction data. These tools include algorithms that can leverage useful information from data to build models. These models are capable of addressing different scientific problems. In this second part of this two-part machine learning review, we develop how to apply machine learning methods. We explain the main limitations of machine learning approaches and ways to address them. Like other analytical tools, machine learning methods require careful implementation to carry out a reproducible and transparent research process with reliable results. This review describes a helpful workflow to guide the application of machine learning. This workflow has several steps: study design, data collection, data pre-processing, modeling, and communication. How to train, validate and test a model, detect and characterize overfitting, and determine an adequate sample size are some of the key issues to handle when applying machine learning. We also illustrate the process and particular nuances with examples of how researchers in addiction have applied machine learning techniques with different goals, study designs, or data sources.
An umbrella review of the literature on perinatal domestic violence: prevalence, risk factors, possible outcomes, and interventions
Authors: Wong Siu Ching , Huyen Do Phuc , Hughes Claire , Valdebenito Sara , Eisner Manuel , Murray Aja Louise
Published: April 2021

Perinatal domestic violence (P-DV) is a common form of violence experienced by women and is associated with adverse impacts on their own physical and mental health and that of their offspring. Illuminating the risk factors for and potential effects of P-DV, and promising interventions is essential for informing policies to reduce P-DV and mitigate its negative impacts. This umbrella review of recent high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of research on P-DV provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors for, possible outcomes of, and interventions to reduce and prevent P-DV. Thirteen reviews identified through systematic searches of computerised databases, manual search and expert consultation met our inclusion criteria (i.e., English systematic reviews and/ or meta-analyses that were from recent ten years, focused on women exposed to P-DV, assessed risk factors, possible outcomes, and/ or interventions, and were of fair to high methodological quality). Our results suggest that while there is a growing understanding of risk factors and possible outcomes of P-DV, this knowledge has far been translated into effective interventions for P-DV. P-DV intervention programmes that have been subject to rigorous evaluation are mostly relatively narrow in scope and could benefit from targeting a wider range of maternal and child wellbeing outcomes, and perpetrator, relationship, and community risk factors. The overall quality of the evidence syntheses in this field is reasonable; however, future studies should involve multiple reviewers at all key stages of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help enhance the reliability of review conclusions.
Coping with COVID-19: Longitudinal Impact of the Pandemic on Adjustment and Links with Coping for Adolescents with and without ADHD
Authors: Dvorsky Melissa , Breaux Rosanna , Cusick Caroline , Fredrick Joseph , Green Cathrin , Steinberg Amanda Hannah , Langberg Joshua M. , Sciberras Emma , Becker Stephen P.
Published: April 2021

Understanding factors that foster resilience and buffer against the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 is critical to inform efforts to promote adjustment, reduce risk, and improve care, particularly for adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. This prospective longitudinal study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents’ mental health and substance use, and by assessing specific positive coping strategies among adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using multi-group autoregressive cross-lagged path models, the present study explored the reciprocal influence of positive coping behaviors on multiple adjustment outcomes including mental health symptoms, substance use, stress, and worry. Participants included 238 adolescents (132 males; ages 15–17; 118 with ADHD). Parents provided ratings of adolescent routines, and adolescents provided ratings of coping behaviors and psychological adjustment in spring (May/June), summer (July/August), and fall (October/November) 2020. All models included the effects of adjustment at the prior timepoint as well as relevant covariates including adolescent race, ethnicity, sex, medication status, and family income. Adolescents with ADHD were at greater risk for experiencing increases in mental health symptoms and substance use throughout the pandemic, relative to adolescents without ADHD. The use of positive coping strategies and adolescent routines buffered against increases in substance use and mental health problems for adolescents with ADHD. These findings have important clinical and public policy relevance for parents, schools, and employers who may aim to prioritize keeping schedules as consistent as possible to promote healthy adjustment.
Partitioning natural face image variability emphasises within-identity over between-identity representation for understanding accurate recognition
Authors: White David , Wayne Tanya , de Lima Varela Victor Perrone
Published: April 2021

Accurately recognising faces enables social interactions. In recent years it has become clear that people’s accuracy differs markedly depending on viewer’s familiarity with a face and their individual skill, but the cognitive and neural bases of these accuracy differences are not understood. We examined cognitive representations underlying these accuracy differences by measuring similarity ratings to natural facial image variation. Natural variation was sampled from uncontrolled images on the internet to reflect the appearance of faces as they are encountered in daily life. Using image averaging, and inspired by the computation of Analysis of Variance, we partitioned this variation into differences between faces (between-identity variation) and differences between photos of the same face (within-identity variation). This allowed us to compare modulation of these two sources of variation attributable to: (i) a person’s familiarity with a face and, (ii) their face recognition ability. Contrary to prevailing accounts of human face recognition and perceptual learning, we found that modulation of within-identity variation – rather than between-identity variation – was associated with high accuracy. First, familiarity modulated similarity ratings to within-identity variation more than to between-face variation. Second, viewers that are extremely accurate in face recognition – ‘super-recognisers’ – differed from typical perceivers mostly in their ratings of within-identity variation, compared to between-identity variation. In a final computational analysis, we found evidence that transformations of between- and within-identity variation make separable contributions to perceptual expertise in face recognition. We conclude that inter- and intra-individual accuracy differences primarily arise from differences in the representation of within-identity image variation.
No effect of different types of media on well-being
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Dienlin Tobias , Bakhshi Hasan , Przybylski Andrew K
Published: April 2021

It is often assumed that traditional forms of media such as books enhance well-being, whereas digital media do not. However, we lack evidence for such claims and media research is mainly focused on how much time people spend with a medium, but not whether someone used a medium or not. We investigated the effect of media use on well-being, differentiating time spent with a medium and use vs. nonuse, over a wide range of different media types: music, TV, films, video games, (e-)books, (digital) magazines, and audiobooks. Results from a six-week longitudinal study representative of the UK population (N = 2,159) showed that effects were generally small; between but rarely within people; mostly for use vs. nonuse and not time spent with a medium; and on affective well-being, not life satisfaction. Together, these results do not support policies intended to encourage or discourage media use because of effects on well-being.