bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gardens, Transitions and Identity Reconstruction among Older Chinese Immigrants to New Zealand
Authors: Wen Li Wendy , Hodgetts Darrin , Ho Elsie
Published: July 2010

Psychologists have foregrounded the importance of links between places and daily practices in the construction of subjectivities and well-being. This article explores domestic gardening practices among older Chinese immigrants. Initial and follow-up interviews were conducted with 32 Chinese adults ranging in age from 62 to 77 years. Participants recount activities such as gardening as a means of forging a new sense of self and place in their adoptive country. Gardening provides a strategy for self-reconstruction through spatiotemporally establishing biographical continuity between participants’ old lives in China and their new lives in New Zealand.
Active Ageing —Another Way to Oppress Marginalized and Disadvantaged Elders?
Authors: Ranzijn Rob
Published: July 2010

This article questions whether the concept of active ageing unintentionally devalues the life experiences of disadvantaged groups of older people. It is argued that talking up the expectation that older people will continue to be physically active may further marginalize significant groups of elders, including those from diverse non-dominant cultural groups. The article draws on a study of Australian Aboriginal Elders to illustrate this point, with suggestions about culturally appropriate ageing policies. The article concludes that alternative conceptions of ageing, such as ‘ageing well’ or ‘authentic ageing’, may better capture the cultural diversity of ageing and promote social inclusion.
Experiences of Chinese Immigrants and Anglo-Australians Ageing in Australia
Authors: Tan Joanne , Ward Lynn , Ziaian Tahereh
Published: July 2010

This study explored the life experiences and views on successful ageing of older Australians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants consisting of 10 Chinese-Australians and 11 Anglo-Australians, aged 55 to 78 years. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results revealed that both groups associated successful ageing with health and personal responsibility. Anglo-Australians regarded growing old gracefully and acceptance as important aspects of successful ageing, whereas Chinese-Australians valued financial security and an active lifestyle. The research highlights that a cross-cultural perspective is imperative for service delivery and policy development to promote the health and well-being of older Australians.
Do or Decline?
Authors: Meisner Brad A. , Dogra Shilpa , Logan A. Jane , Baker Joseph , Weir Patricia L.
Published: July 2010

Research has shown that physical activity (PA) is associated with overall successful aging (SA), but it is unknown whether PA promotes each SA component in similar ways. This cross-sectional population-based cohort study investigates SA in adults aged 60 years+ using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey ( N = 12,042). Multivariate comparisons showed that, compared to those who were PA, physical inactivity was a much stronger associate of functional limitations than either chronic disease or being socially unengaged with life. This effect was not found for moderately active participants. Findings reinforce that PA, even at moderate levels, is an efficient way of optimizing biopsychosocial health, particularly functional health, in later life.
Sleep Disorders and Activities in Long Term Care Facilities —a Vicious Cycle?
Authors: Garms-Homolovà Vjenka , Flick Uwe , Röhnsch Gundula
Published: July 2010

Sleep disorders are symptoms of many diseases. Persons suffering from multiple morbidities are affected most. We investigated the relationship between sleep and activities using assessment data of 2577 German nursing home residents. In total, 37.3 percent were affected by insomnia, 29.6 percent by non-restful sleep. We used SEM to analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and activities. Residents with sleep problems exhibited low levels of activities and social engagement and high levels of communication impairment and interpersonal conflicts. They received less activation than persons without sleep disorders. We found significant evidence that sleep disturbances and lack of activities influence each other negatively.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Effect of Music on Quality of Life and Depression in Older People with Dementia
Authors: Cooke Marie , Moyle Wendy , Shum David , Harrison Scott , Murfield Jenny
Published: July 2010

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of live music on quality of life and depression in 47 older people with dementia using the Dementia Quality of Life and Geriatric Depression Scale. The control/reading group reported higher mid-point feelings of belonging than the music group ( F(1, 45) = 6.672, p < .05). Sub-analyses of ≥ 50 per cent music session attendance found improvements in self-esteem over time ( F(2, 46) = 4.471, p < .05). Participants with scores that were suggestive of increased depressive symptoms had fewer depressive symptoms over time ( F(2, 22) = 8.129, p < .01). Findings suggest music and reading activities can improve self-esteem, belonging and depression in some older people with dementia.
‘It takes some time to get into the rhythm - and to slow the flow of thought’: A qualitative study about experience of time and narrative in psychological interventions in general practice
Authors: Davidsen Annette Sofie , Reventlow Susanne
Published: July 2010

General practitioners (GPs) treat more than 90 per cent of patients with mental disease. Time restriction is often seen as a hindrance to their engagement in psychological treatment. This study aimed to explore GPs’ experiences of time when delivering ‘talking therapy’ and to analyse how time influenced the treatment of emotional problems in routine consultations. A qualitative approach was chosen, the data consisted of interviews with 14 GPs and observation of consecutive consultations in four of the participants’ practices. Analysis was made by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Eleven participants delivered talking therapy, five (therapeutically minded participants) often. Three aspects of time emerged: (1) the chronological time of the schedule; (2) the inner time with another rhythm and flow of thought; (3) the longitudinal time where meeting repeatedly for short consultations promoted a trusting relationship where problems were disclosed gradually and a narrative was created. With therapeutic participants the same aspects of time could be identified in routine consultations. Stress and a heavy workload counteracted the perception of inner time. Theories of time and narrative from psychotherapeutic thinking could be applied, form links to the unconscious and the narrative time and could possibly be made more explicit in general practice. Awareness of the different time aspects is necessary for improving the treatment of mental health in primary care. Political and organizational willingness to secure the necessary working conditions is, however, equally important for optimal treatment.
Augmentation pressure and subendocardial viability ratio are associated with microalbuminuria and with poor renal function in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Prince Catherine T , Secrest Aaron M , Mackey Rachel H , Arena Vincent C , Kingsley Lawrence A , Orchard Trevor J
Published: July 2010

In this report we explore the hypothesis that arterial stiffness indices, which predict cardiovascular disease, might also correlate with microalbuminuria (MA) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and thus have potential for risk assessment. Three pulse wave analysis (PWA) indices, measured using the SphygmoCor device, were evaluated on 144 participants with childhood-onset T1D. These variables, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP) and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR, an estimate of myocardial perfusion) (an estimate of myocardial perfusion), were each analysed cross-sectionally in relation to both prevalent MA (defined as albuminuria excretion rate (AER) = 20—199 μg/min) and renal function (assessed by both eGFR and serum cystatin C). AP and SEVR were each univariately associated with AER, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cystatin C. Lower SEVR was also independently related to the presence of MA and degree of albuminuria within normo- and microalbuminuric participants. SEVR, not AP, was independently and negatively associated with both measures of renal function. SEVR is a better predictor of AER than brachial blood pressure measures in those without clinical proteinuria, indicating a potential use for PWA in the early detection of individuals at risk for cardiovascular and renal complications of T1D.
The impact of single nucleotide polymorphism in monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes from wild emmer wheat, primarily from Israel and Golan
Authors: Wang Ji-Rui , Wei Yu-Ming , Deng Mei , Nevo Eviatar , Yan Ze-Hong , Zheng You-Liang
Published: July 2010

Background

Various enzyme inhibitors act on key insect gut digestive hydrolases, including alpha-amylases and proteinases. Alpha-amylase inhibitors have been widely investigated for their possible use in strengthening a plant's defense against insects that are highly dependent on starch as an energy source. We attempted to unravel the diversity of monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes of Israeli and Golan Heights' wild emmer wheat with different ecological factors (e.g., geography, water, and temperature). Population methods that analyze the nature and frequency of allele diversity within a species and the codon analysis method (comparing patterns of synonymous and non-synonymous changes in protein coding sequences) were used to detect natural selection.

Results

Three hundred and forty-eight sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors (WMAI) were obtained from 14 populations of wild emmer wheat. The frequency of SNPs in WMAI genes was 1 out of 16.3 bases, where 28 SNPs were detected in the coding sequence. The results of purifying and the positive selection hypothesis (p < 0.05) showed that the sequences of WMAI were contributed by both natural selection and co-evolution, which ensured conservation of protein function and inhibition against diverse insect amylases. The majority of amino acid substitutions occurred at the C-terminal (positive selection domain), which ensured the stability of WMAI. SNPs in this gene could be classified into several categories associated with water, temperature, and geographic factors, respectively.

Conclusions

Great diversity at the WMAI locus, both between and within populations, was detected in the populations of wild emmer wheat. It was revealed that WMAI were naturally selected for across populations by a ratio of dN/dS as expected. Ecological factors, singly or in combination, explained a significant proportion of the variations in the SNPs. A sharp genetic divergence over very short geographic distances compared to a small genetic divergence between large geographic distances also suggested that the SNPs were subjected to natural selection, and ecological factors had an important evolutionary role in polymorphisms at this locus. According to population and codon analysis, these results suggested that monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors are adaptively selected under different environmental conditions.
Primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Chinese patients: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors
Authors: Huang JiaJia , Jiang WenQi , Xu RuiHua , Huang HuiQiang , Lv Yue , Xia ZhongJun , Sun XiaoFei , Guan ZhongZhen , Lin TongYu , Li ZhiMing
Published: July 2010

Background

Optimal management and outcome of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) have not been well defined in the rituximab era. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in Chinese patients with PGL.

Methods

The clinicopathological features of 83 Chinese patients with PGL were retrospectively reviewed. Staging was performed according to the Lugano staging system for gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Results

The predominant pathologic subtype among Chinese patients with PGL in our study was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Among the 57 patients with gastric DLBCL, 20 patients (35.1%) were classified as the germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtype and 37 patients (64.9%) as the non-GCB subtype. The 83 patients had a five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 52% and 59%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that stage-modified international prognostic index (IPI) and performance status (PS) were independent predictors of survival. In the 67 B-cell lymphoma patients who received chemotherapy, 36 patients treated with rituximab (at least 3 cycles) had a mean OS of 72 months (95% CI 62-81) versus 62 months (95% CI 47-76) for patients without rituximab treatment (P = 0.021).

Conclusion

The proportion of Chinese gastric DLBCL cases with non-GCB subtype was higher than the GCB subtype. Stage-modified IPI and PS were effective prognostic factors in Chinese patients with PGL. Our data suggested that primary gastric B-cell lymphoma might have an improved outcome with rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. More studies are necessary, preferentially large prospective randomized clinical trials to obtain more information on the impact of the rituximab in the primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.
A novel role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in centrosome amplification - implications for chemoprevention
Authors: Korzeniewski Nina , Wheeler Sarah , Chatterjee Payel , Duensing Anette , Duensing Stefan
Published: July 2010

Background

Centrosome aberrations can cause genomic instability and correlate with malignant progression in common human malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer. Deregulation of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity has previously been shown to be critically involved in centrosome overduplication. We therefore test here whether small molecule CDK inhibitors derived from the bis-indole indirubin can be used to suppress centrosome aberrations as a novel approach to chemoprevention of malignant progression.

Results

As expected, we found that the CDK inhibitor indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) suppresses centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells. However, we made the unexpected discovery that indirubin-derived compounds that have been chemically modified to be inactive as kinase inhibitors such as 1-methyl-indirubin-3'-oxime (MeIO) still significantly reduced centrosome amplification. All indirubins used in the present study are potent agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is known for its important role in the cellular metabolism of xenobiotics. To corroborate our results, we first show that the coincidence of nuclear AhR overexpression, reflecting a constitutive activation, and numerical centrosome aberrations correlates significantly with malignancy in mammary tissue specimens. Remarkably, a considerable proportion (72.7%) of benign mammary tissue samples scored also positive for nuclear AhR overexpression. We furthermore provide evidence that continued expression of endogenous AhR is critical to promote centriole overduplication induced by cyclin E and that AhR and cyclin E may function in the same pathway. Overexpression of the AhR in the absence of exogenous ligands was found to rapidly disrupt centriole duplication control. Nonetheless, the AhR agonists IO and MeIO were still found to significantly reduce centriole overduplication stimulated by ectopic AhR expression.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that continued expression of endogenous AhR promotes centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells in a pathway that involves cyclin E. AhR agonists such as indirubins inhibit centrosome amplification even when stimulated by ectopic expression of the AhR suggesting that these compounds are potentially useful for the chemoprevention of centrosome-mediated cell division errors and malignant progression in neoplasms in which the AhR is overexpressed. Future studies are warranted to determine whether individuals in which nuclear AhR overexpression is detected in benign mammary tissue are at a higher risk for developing pre-cancerous or cancerous breast lesions.
Transcriptional regulation of human osteopontin promoter by histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Santosh , Kundu Gopal C
Published: July 2010

Background

Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases exhibits strong anti-tumor and growth inhibitory activities, but its mechanism(s) of action is not completely understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein which has long been associated with tumor metastasis. Elevated OPN expression in various metastatic cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells often correlates with enhanced tumor formation and metastasis. To investigate the effects of TSA on OPN transcription, we analyzed a proximal segment of OPN promoter in cervical carcinoma cells.

Results

In this paper, we for the first time report that TSA suppresses PMA-induced OPN gene expression in human cervical carcinoma cells and previously unidentified AP-1 transcription factor is involved in this event. Deletion and mutagenesis analyses of OPN promoter led to the characterization of a proximal sequence (-127 to -70) that contain AP-1 binding site. This was further confirmed by gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that TSA suppresses c-jun recruitment to the OPN promoter by inhibiting c-jun levels while c-fos expression was unaffected. Silencing HDAC1 followed by stimulation with PMA resulted in significant decrease in OPN promoter activity suggesting that HDAC1 but not HDAC3 or HDAC4 was required for AP-1-mediated OPN transcription. TSA reduces the PMA-induced hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 and recruitment of RNA pol II and TFIIB, components of preinitiation complex to the OPN promoter. The PMA-induced expression of other AP-1 regulated genes like cyclin D1 and uPA was also altered by TSA. Interestingly, PMA promoted cervical tumor growth in mice xenograft model was significantly suppressed by TSA.

Conclusions

In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying anticancer activity of TSA and blocking OPN expression at transcriptional level by TSA may act as novel therapeutic strategy for the management of cervical cancer.
Predictors of mental distress among substance abusers receiving inpatient treatment
Authors: Hoxmark Ellen , Nivison Mary , Wynn Rolf
Published: July 2010

Background

Mental distress measured by the HSCL-10 is used as an indicator of psychiatric disorders in population studies, where a higher level of mental distress has been shown to be related to demographic factors such as living conditions and level of education. The first aim of the study was to explore whether mental distress could be a valuable concept in substance use treatment. The second aim of the study was to explore to what degree mental distress among substance users at admission to treatment could be explained by the same demographic factors as in population studies, or whether treatment differences or differences in substance use would be better predictors of mental distress in this population.

Methods

Patients (N = 185) who received inpatient substance use treatment in five different settings in Northern Norway participated in the study. HSCL-10 was used as a measure for mental distress at admission to treatment. The self-report measures AUDIT, DUDIT and DUDIT-E were used for measuring substance use and readiness for treatment. The patients' clinicians reported demographic and treatment factors. A three-block hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine potential predictors of mental distress. Block 1 included demographic variables, Block 2 included treatment variables, and Block 3 substance use variables.

Results

Patients generally reported a high level of mental distress at admission to treatment, and 83% reported mental distress higher than the established cut-off level. Being female, having previously received psychiatric treatment, having a higher score on DUDIT and AUDIT, and using a larger number of substances all predicted a higher level of mental distress. The model explained 32% of the variance in mental distress.

Conclusions

Mental distress measured by the HSCL-10 can be a valuable concept in substance use treatment. The HSCL-10 can be useful in screening for patients who are in need of further assessment for psychiatric disorders. Female gender, previous psychiatric treatment, and higher use of substances all predicted a higher level of mental distress. The study underlines the importance of assessing the mental health of patients in substance use treatment.
Phase III Study Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cetuximab Versus Gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group–Directed Intergroup Trial S0205
Authors: Philip Philip A. , Benedetti Jacqueline , Corless Christopher L. , Wong Ralph , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Flynn Patrick J. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Atkins James N. , Mirtsching Barry C. , Rivkin Saul E. , Khorana Alok A. , Goldman Bryan , Fenoglio-Preiser Cecilia M. , Abbruzzese James L. , Blanke Charles D.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Patients with advanced pancreas cancer present with disease that is poorly responsive to conventional therapies. Preclinical and early clinical evidence has supported targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in patients with pancreas cancer. This trial was conducted to evaluate the contribution of an EGFR-targeted agent to standard gemcitabine therapy. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against the ligand-binding domain of the receptor.

Patients and Methods

Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive gemcitabine alone or gemcitabine plus cetuximab. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, time to treatment failure, objective response, and toxicity.

Results

A total of 745 eligible patients were accrued. No significant difference was seen between the two arms of the study with respect to the median survival time (6.3 months for the gemcitabine plus cetuximab arm v 5.9 months for the gemcitabine alone arm; hazard ratio = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.23; P = .23, one-sided). Objective responses and progression-free survival were similar in both arms of the study. Although time to treatment failure was longer in patients on gemcitabine plus cetuximab (P = .006), the difference in length of treatment was only 2 weeks longer in the combination arm. Among patients who were studied for tumoral EGFR expression, 90% were positive, with no treatment benefit detected in this patient subset.

Conclusion

In patients with advanced pancreas cancer, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab did not improve the outcome compared with patients treated with gemcitabine alone. Alternate targets other than EGFR should be evaluated for new drug development.
Non-linear dynamic analysis of hybrid squeeze-film damper-mounted gear-bearing system and hydraulic active control
Authors: Chang-Jian C-W , Yau H-T
Published: July 2010

The hybrid squeeze-film damper bearing is proposed in this article. The pressure distribution and the dynamics of a gear pair supported by such bearing are studied. Numerical results show that, due to the non-linear factors of lubricant film force, the trajectory of the gear demonstrates a complex dynamics with rotational speed ratio s. Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams are used to analyse the behaviour of the gear trajectory in the horizontal and vertical directions at s = 6.0. The maximum Lyapunov exponent is used to determine if the system is in a state of chaotic motion. Numerical results show that the maximum Lyapunov exponent of this system is positive at the non-dimensional speed ratio s = 6.0, which indicate that the gear trajectory is chaotic under such operation condition. In order to avoid the non-synchronous chaotic vibrations, an increased proportional gain k p = 0.1 is applied to control this system. It is shown that the gear trajectory leaves chaotic motion to periodic motion in the steady state under control action.
Poly-l-lysine-induced Self-association and Luminescence of Dicyanoaurate(I)
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Yoshii Kazuki , Katano Chiaki , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: July 2010

The assembling and self-association of anionic [Au(CN)2]− spatially along cationic β-sheeted poly-l-lysine, P(Lys), through electrostatic interaction was demonstrated to form luminescent [Au(CN)2]− aggregates, wherein negatively charged [Au(CN)2]− was found to stabilize the β-sheet structure by suppressing repulsion between the positively charged side chains.
Models of interaction: performance strategies in works for piano and live electronics
Authors: Pestova Xenia
Published: July 2010

While a considerable amount of literature and pedagogical repertoire already address the challenges of performance practice in works for instruments and fixed media, this body of knowledge largely excludes approaches to mixed works with interactive live electronics. Working with live electronics requires additional skills from the performer, and presents a different set of problems and solutions. As the repertoire grows, performers, composers and music educators must become acquainted with this emerging practice. In this article, the author introduces the concept of models of interaction in order to examine several works for piano and live electronics from the performance practice perspective. The text is illustrated with examples from classic and recent repertoire.
Hand2Hand and Dot2Dot: developing instruments for the music classroom
Authors: Savage Jonathan
Published: July 2010

This article explores the process of developing new software musical instruments for use in the Key Stage 2 (primary pupils aged between 7 and 11 years) and Key Stage 3 (secondary pupils aged between 11 and 14 years) music classrooms. It considers the process of instrument design, educational
application and use through case studies drawn from the project's two distinct stages. It reflects on aspects related to instrument design, associated instrumental technique and learner motivation. It highlights the concept of infra-instruments as a potential way forward for further research
and development, but emphasizes that a careful exploration of the performance ecology of the classroom (or other contexts for learning) is vital if musical performance tools are going to have the desired educational and musical impact.
Synchronous learner support for music-sequencing software
Authors: Brader Andy
Published: July 2010

In the field of music technology there is a distinct focus on networking between spatially disparate locales to improve teaching and learning through real-time communication. This article proposes a new delivery model for learner support based on a review of technical and learning services,
pilot research using remote desktops to teach music-sequencing software, and recent education research regarding professional development. A 24/7 delivery model using remote desktops, mobile devices and shared calendars offers a flexible real-time addition to the learner support services already
on offer. Treating every user of the service as a potential expert, the model aims to deliver universal support situated in a personalized context, which will serve the technical and education requirements of teachers and learners.
Addressing the need for a collaborative multimedia database of Maltese music
Authors: Sant Toni
Published: July 2010

This article is a position paper addressing the author's plan to build a collaborative multimedia database of Maltese music. The proposed collaborative project will use wiki technology to capture a living archive of past, present and future works of interest in connection to music from
and in Malta. Such a project raises various critical issues related to intellectual property rights, preservation policies and techniques, technical infrastructure strategies, and other similar topics. Research on these issues is directed through specially developed postgraduate research studentships,
which will ensure the project's longevity.
Der Mythos vom Wohlleben. Der Lebensstandard der deutschen Zivilbevölkerung im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Buchheim Christoph
Published: July 2010

Vorspann

Christoph Buchheim, der vor kurzem verstorbene bedeutende Wirtschaftshistoriker, gibt Antworten – präzise, souverän, auf der Grundlage neuer Quellen und auf der Höhe der Forschung. Seine Frage lautet: Wie gut oder wie schlecht ging es den Deutschen im Zweiten Weltkrieg? Buchheim, in den 1980er Jahren Mitarbeiter des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte, bezieht sich damit auf eine aktuelle Forschungsdebatte, die nun als entschieden gelten kann. Der Lebensstandard der Deutschen, so Buchheim mit differenziertem Blick auf unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Schichten und Phasen des Krieges, war schon bei Kriegsbeginn relativ dürftig und verschlechterte sich ab 1942/43 kontinuierlich, ehe er 1945 einen Tiefpunkt erreichte. Von „Wohlleben“ könne allenfalls bei einer kleinen Oberschicht aus Staat, Partei und Wirtschaft die Rede sein, die es sich selbst in der Katastrophe noch gut gehen ließ.
Entgegnung auf Günther Gillessen
Authors: Hürter Johannes
Published: July 2010

Deutsches Abstract

In seiner Antwort weist Johannes Hürter die Argumentation und Kritik Günther Gillessens als spekulativ und wissenschaftlich verfehlt zurück. Er erinnert an den erreichten Forschungsstand über die Integration der Wehrmacht in den rassenideologischen Vernichtungskrieg und an einzelne Dokumente, die von Gillessen unvollständig zitiert und/oder verzerrend interpretiert werden. Hürter plädiert für eine kontextualisierende Analyse des Handelns von Generalstabsoffizieren an der Ostfront. Sie zeigt, in welchem Umfang Akteure wie die Offiziere des Heeresgruppenkommandos Mitte in der dramatischen Anfangsphase des deutsch-sowjetischen Krieges in ein militärisch, politisch-ideologisch und ethisch radikal entgrenztes Gewaltgeschehen eingebunden waren, aus dem selbst die Hellsichtigsten und Mutigsten unter ihnen erst nach und nach einen Weg heraus in den Widerstand fanden.
Effect of tillage on soil carbon dioxide emission I. Testing a laboratory method on undisturbed soil columns
Authors: Tóth Eszter , Farkas Csilla , Koós Sándor , Németh Tamás
Published: July 2010

Jelen cikkünkben egy olyan kísérletet mutattunk be, melyben a talaj szén-dioxid kibocsátását bolygatatlan szerkezetű nagy talajoszlopokból mértük laboratóriumi körülmények között. Az adatokat kielemeztük és a mintavétel ütemezését optimalizáltuk az adatok alapján. Nem találtunk statisztikai különbséget a 3 és 6 óra hosszan tartó inkubáció után mért emisszióértékek között. Így, az inkubáció időtartalmát 3 órára állítottuk be. A különböző talajművelési módokból [szántás (SZ); direktvetés (DV); mélylazítással kombinált tárcsázás (L+T)] származó mintákból mért emisszióértékek összehasonlítása alapján elmondható, hogy a legmagasabb CO2-kibocsátásokat a DV kezelésből, míg a legalacsonyabbakat a SZ kezelésből mértük. Ez a kevésbé bolygatott kezelésben a magasabb hozzáférhető szerves-C-tartalommal magyarázható. A vizsgált talajnedvesség-tartományban a kísérlet elején a talajnedvesség növekedésével emelkedő CO2-emisszió értékeket mértünk. A kísérlet negyedik hete után csökkenést figyeltünk meg a CO2-emisszió értékeiben a szabadföldi vízkapacitás körüli nedvességtartalomnál. Minden kezelésben az idő múlásával – ahogy a szubsztrátok kiürültek – az emisszióértékek egyre alacsonyabbak lettek. Eredményeink ismételten rámutatnak arra, hogy a talajban végbemenő folyamatok gyorsasága és összetettsége miatt szükséges és fontos a terepi és laboratóriumi mérések egymást kiegészítő, együttes értékelése.
Comparison of the AL- and Hot Water Percolation (HWP)-soluble P and K contents of soils
Authors: Füleky György , Benedek Szilveszter
Published: July 2010

Az újonnan kidolgozott forróvizes extrakciós módszerrel (HWP) nyerhető foszfor és kálium vizsgálati eredmények értelmezése érdekében összehasonlító vizsgálatot végeztünk a Magyarországon hivatalos AL módszerrel. A zömében tartamkísérletekből, valamint üzemi táblákból származó 315 talajmintán hasonlítottuk össze a két módszerrel kioldott foszfor- és káliumtartalmakat. Mind a foszfor, mind a kálium esetében a két módszerrel nyert eredmények szoros összefüggésben voltak egymással, de az összefüggések szorosságát a talajok fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságai befolyásolják. A nagy abszolút értékbeli különbségek (átlagosan 10–20-szor nagyobb értékeket ad az AL módszer) ellenére a két módszerrel nyert eredmények – vizsgálati helyenként – a fentiek figyelembe vételével átkonvertálhatók egymásba. További előrelépést jelenthet a két módszer átjárhatóságában, ha még nagyobb számú mintán a foszfor esetében a kalcium-karbonát jelenléte, esetleg a kötöttség, kálium esetében pedig a kötöttség figyelembevételével végezzük el az átszámítást. A vízoldható elemtartalomnak ugyanis – különösen környezetvédelmi szempontból – kiemelt jelentősége van.
Effect of mineral fertilization on the element content of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) on calcareous sandy soil
Authors: Kádár Imre
Published: July 2010

Duna–Tisza közi karbonátos homoktalajon 1970-ben beállított NPK-műtrágyázási kísérletünk 31–34. évében (2001–2004) vizsgáltuk a kezelések hatását a lucerna ásványi összetételére, szénahozamára, valamint a talaj szántott rétegének AL-oldható PK-tartalmára. A termőhely talaja 1% körüli CaCO
3
-ot és humuszt, valamint 5–10% agyagot tartalmaz a szántott rétegben, az altalaj erősen karbonátos. A talajvíz 5–10 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny, oldható tápelemekkel (N, P, K) gyengén ellátott. A kísérletből levonható főbb következtetések: – A vizsgált évek (8 kaszálás) szénahozamait tekintve a kontrolltalajon 6,8 t/ha, az N
1
P
1
-kezelésben 8,4 t/ha, az N
2
P
2
-kezelésben 9,5 t/ha, az N
2
P
2
K
4
-kezelésekben 12,5 t/ha termést kaptunk. Az NP-kezelések terméstöbbletei az első két évben jelentkeztek. A 3. és 4. évre a káliummal nem trágyázott talaj/altalaj felvehető K-készlete kimerült és így terméketlenné vált a lucerna számára. – A lucerna N-tartalma a kezelésektől, évektől és a kaszálásoktól függően tág határok között ingadozott. Az első kaszálás idején N-hiányos talajon 2% körüli, míg a 4. kaszáláskor NP-trágyázott talajon 7% körüli N-készletet találtunk. Az NP-kezelésben a N-tartalom megkétszereződött a kontrollhoz viszonyítva az 1. kaszálás idején. Később a trágyázatlan talajon is nőtt a széna N%-a, az NP-trágyázás hatása pedig mérséklődött. – A széna K-tartalma 0,9 és 3,6% között változott. Extrém K-hiány a kontroll- és az NP-kezelésekben alakult ki. A bőségesebb K-trágyázás nyomán a kontrollon mért 1,5% átlagos K-készlet 3,0%-ra emelkedett és helyreállt a kívánatos 1,0–1,5 körüli N/P arány a hajtásban. – A javuló K-kínálattal visszaesett a kontrollhoz, ill. az NP-kezeléshez képest a Ca, Mg, P, Sr, Mn, Na és B elemek koncentrációja a szénában. Az NP-trágyázás igazolhatóan javította ezzel szemben a P, S és Sr elemek beépülését a lucerna hajtásába. Utóbbi visszavezethető arra, hogy az alkalmazott szuperfoszfát 13% S, 8% P és közel 2% Sr átlagos készlettel rendelkezett, tehát S-, P- és Sr-forrásul szolgált a növény számára. – Az irodalomban közölt levéldiagnosztikai ellátottsági határértékek alkalmasak lehetnek a lucerna tápláltsági állapotának és közvetetten a talaj tápelem-szolgál-tatásának megítélésére, így a trágyaigényének becslésére is. Kísérletünkben a zöldbimbós korú szénában a kielégítő ellátottságot a 3,5% feletti N-; 2,5% feletti K- és a 0,3% feletti átlagos P-tartalom jelentette, összhangban az irodalomban fellelhető közlésekkel.
Differences in Patch Use Behavior Between an Urban and Rural Species: Effects of Distance from Shelter and Wing Molt-Gaps
Authors: Tsurim Ido , Abramsky Zvika , Kotler Burt P.
Published: July 2010

It has been suggested that urban bird populations and communities are controlled by bottom-up mechanisms because predation costs are lower in urban than in non-urban habitats. We hypothesized that urban birds are less sensitive to variations in the cost of predation than non-urban birds. We predicted that the house sparrow, a widespread urban species, is less sensitive to variations in predation risk, while foraging, than its rural (less urban) congener, the Spanish sparrow. We quantified foraging behavior of these species, as affected by the proximity to shelter, in large outdoor aviaries. We then clipped feathers from the birds' wings to manipulate escape ability and increase predation risk. We predicted that birds experience increasing predation risk with increasing distance from shelter, and that reduced wing surface increases the birds' sensitivity to risk of predation with respect to distance from shelter. Both species displayed increasing giving-up densities in seed trays with increasing distance from shelter, indicating that foraging costs increase with distance from shelter. As predicted, the two species differed in their response to proximity of shelter: we concluded that house sparrows experienced a less pronounced increase in perceived predation cost with increasing distance from shelter than did Spanish sparrows. Contrary to our prediction, wing surface reduction had no effect on seed tray utilization. Therefore, it appears that, when feeding in patches at distances from shelter, as used in the present study, the cost of predation affects foraging and micro-habitat use in Spanish sparrows more than in house sparrows.
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Authors: Viana Helena Brandão , Guirardello Edinêis de Brito , Madruga Vera Aparecida
Published: July 2010

O estudo apresenta a tradução e adaptação da escala ASKAS - Aging Sexual Attitudes and Knowledge Scale para a cultura brasileira. As etapas metodológicas foram: tradução da escala para a língua portuguesa por dois tradutores independentes; síntese das duas traduções; tradução da síntese da escala de volta para o idioma de origem - inglês; avaliação da versão traduzida por comitê de especialistas; pré-teste com 43 sujeitos. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa da escala e elaborada nova versão pré-final da escala. A validade de conteúdo foi obtida através da análise da escala pelo comitê de especialistas. Avaliação do pré-teste apontou modificações que foram realizadas na escala para que esta fosse melhor compreendida pelos respondentes. O tempo médio de aplicação foi de 45 minutos, incluindo a ficha de dados pessoais. A recomendação é que a aplicação da escala seja assistida em casos de pesquisa com idosos de baixa escolaridade.
O tratamento ao portador de transtorno mental: um diálogo com a legislação federal brasileira (1935-2001)
Authors: Guimarães Andréa Noeremberg , Fogaça Marina Marques , Borba Letícia de Oliveira , Paes Marcio Roberto , Larocca Liliana Müller , Maftum Mariluci Alves
Published: July 2010

Pesquisa de caráter histórico, com fundamentos da História social, desenvolvida em 2008, que objetivou identificar a legislação federal de saúde mental de 1935-2001 e analisar os modos de tratamento preconizados ao portador de transtorno mental. Foram obtidos 36 aparatos legais. No período de 1935-1990, a legislação tratava de questões administrativas da saúde mental com referência a termos como psicopatas, alienação mental e reações psicopáticas, atualmente considerados expressões pejorativas e preconceituosas. Os resultados dos aparatos legais demonstram que nos últimos anos a assistência em saúde mental sofreu amplas transformações e, no período de 1991-2001, os modos de tratamento têm o foco no modelo assistencial que visa à ruptura do modo hospitalocêntrico, ênfase na humanização, reinserção social, preservação e resgate da cidadania das pessoas com transtorno mental e avaliação dos serviços para a garantia dos direitos desse grupo.
Las dictaduras de Vargas y Franco: implicaciones de la consagración de la maternidad para la enfermería
Authors: Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Barreira Ieda de Alencar , Almeida Filho Antonio José de , Oliveira Alexandre Barbosa de
Published: July 2010

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las características históricas y sociales de Brasil y España en el contexto de los regímenes dictatoriales instaurados por Vargas y Franco, y analizar las representaciones sobre la maternidad en el contexto de esos regímenes y sus implicaciones para la enfermería. Es un estudio histórico y social cuyo método consideró como fuentes: documentos escritos brasileños y españoles. La recolección de los datos se hizó en el período de 13 de mayo a 29 de agosto de 2008. Para el análisis se realizaron las etapas de organización y clasificación de las fuentes elegidas. Como resultado, se evidencio que la glorificación de la mujer por sus virtudes físicas como la maternidad y por sus atributos morales legitimó su inserción honorable en el espacio público, para reproducir en ese espacio, como enfermeras, las cualidades femeninas necesarias al cuidado. Se concluye que la consagración de la maternidad ha determinado posibilidades y límites para la enfermera.
Quantificação da segregação de MgO em pós nanométricos de SnO2 preparados por método químico
Authors: Gouvêa D. , Castro R. H. R. , Pereira G. J.
Published: July 2010

Um dos maiores desafios na síntese de nanopartículas é a instabilidade da estrutura relativa ao aumento de energia advindo da grande área de superfície específica desta classe de materiais. O conhecimento dos mecanismos pelos quais a estabilidade pode ser alcançada é de fundamental importância para o controle de seu crescimento e para potenciais aplicações. Fenômenos de segregação superficial em sistemas bi-componentes envolvem diminuição de energia do sistema devido ao excesso de superfície - conhecido como fenômeno de tensoatividade. Apesar de muito bem conhecidos em tecnologias de emulsões e em fenômenos que envolvem molhabilidade, o uso destes conceitos para estabilização da superfície sólido-vapor e controle de nanopartículas é menos expressivo. Embora a segregação seja conhecida para vários sistemas de óxidos nanoparticulados, sua quantificação visando o controle é limitada pela dificuldade de obtenção de resultados confiáveis. Neste trabalho foi realizada a quantificação da segregação de MgO na superfície de nanopartículas de SnO2 através da análise química dos pós antes e após lavagem em meio ácido para lixiviação do MgO superficial. Foi demonstrado que a solubilidade do MgO no bulk do SnO2 é preferencial em concentrações inferiores a 5% em mol de MgO, existindo, no entanto, uma distribuição do MgO ao longo da superfície e do bulk, gerando um efeito tenso-ativo e restringindo o crescimento das partículas de SnO2. Para concentrações maiores que 5% em mol, a maior parte do MgO foi detectada na superfície das nanopartículas de SnO2, sendo o controle tenso-ativo mais expressivo. Apesar dos resultados serem restritos para o sistema SnO2-MgO, esta técnica pode ser extrapolada para o controle de quaisquer sistemas onde o elemento segregado é solúvel em condições específicas.
Identificação do dano induzido por fadiga e cura de micro trincas em compósitos cerâmicos particulados, voltados à aplicação em pavimentos flexíveis
Authors: Nunes F. R. G. , Silva C. L. da , Frota C. A. da
Published: July 2010

Um dos grandes defeitos ocorrentes no pavimento, ao longo de sua vida útil, é o trincamento por fadiga. Este problema, em geral, se inicia na base do revestimento asfáltico e se propaga para a sua superfície. A caracterização das misturas asfálticas, realizada comumente no Brasil, é baseada no número de ciclos que causam a ruptura no ensaio de fadiga. No entanto, tal número não é um parâmetro mecânico, podendo variar para diferentes condições de contorno. O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar parâmetros mecânicos, referentes ao trincamento por fadiga, do compósito asfáltico com agregado sintético de argila calcinada (ASAC). Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo viscoelástico de dano contínuo, fundamentado em trabalhos de Shapery, Kim e Lee. Os resultados com o compósito estudado (ASAC) mostraram que a perda de rigidez, baseada em uma variável interna de estado, pode ser um critério de fadiga; que o ensaio pode ser realizado para um nível de tensão; a cura de microtrincas durante os períodos de não solicitação da estrutura.
Relação entre fatores de personalidade e estratégias de coping em adolescentes
Authors: Diniz Simon Santana , Zanini Daniela S.
Published: July 2010

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre fatores de personalidade e estratégias de coping em adolescentes. Participaram desta pesquisa 102 jovens de uma escola municipal de Goiânia com idade entre 11 e 15 anos, utilizando o Coping Response Inventory e a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que meninas utilizam mais a análise lógica para resolver seus problemas e os meninos apresentam maior pontuação em neuroticismo; que os adolescentes mais jovens utilizam mais coping de evitação e os mais velhos, o coping de aproximação; e que tanto a apreciação do problema como os traços de personalidade relacionam-se significativamente com o uso de estratégias de coping. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com as teorias de coping.
Avaliação e desenvolvimento da compreensão em leitura no ensino fundamental
Authors: Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos , Oliveira Evelin Zago de
Published: July 2010

O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a adequação da técnica de Cloze para a avaliação e o desenvolvimento da compreensão em leitura. A primeira etapa foi realizada com 314 alunos de 2ª a 4ª séries do ensino fundamental e os resultados indicaram que o instrumento apresentava parâmetros psicométricos adequados. Na etapa seguinte, foram realizados dois programas de intervenção, o primeiro envolvendo 85 e o segundo 73 alunos de 3ª e 4ªs séries separados em grupos experimentais (GE) e de controle (GC), que responderam aos testes de Cloze validados, como pré e pós-testes. Os grupos experimentais participaram de sessões, nas quais foram apresentadas variações da técnica de Cloze, visando incrementar a compreensão da leitura. As análises indicaram superioridade do GE sobre o GC na situação de pós-teste apenas no segundo programa de intervenção. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados com o intuito de testar a possibilidade de generalização dos resultados.
A ritalina no Brasil: produções, discursos e práticas
Authors: Ortega Francisco , Barros Denise , Caliman Luciana , Itaborahy Claudia , Junqueira Lívia , Ferreira Cláudia Passos
Published: July 2010

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma pesquisa em andamento sobre as representações sociais da ritalina no Brasil entre 1998 e 2008. Nesse período, houve um incremento considerável do uso da medicação e sua expansão para outros fins além dos terapêuticos. A ritalina tem sido usada tanto para o tratamento de patologias da atenção como para melhoria de funções cognitivas em pessoas saudáveis. A pesquisa se desdobra em dois campos de investigação, com metodologias diferenciadas. O primeiro campo investiga as publicações brasileiras, científicas e em mídia popular, sobre a ritalina, analisando os argumentos que justificam seu uso e a difusão dos resultados científicos para o público leigo nos jornais de grande circulação. O segundo campo de investigação usa a metodologia de grupos focais para explorar as representações sociais de universitários, pais de universitários e profissionais de saúde, acerca do uso da ritalina para o aprimoramento do desempenho cognitivo.