bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wide-Angle Optical Metasurface for Vortex Beam Generation
Authors: Chen Meng-Hsin , Chen Bo-Wen , Xu Kai-Lun , Su Vin-Cent
Published: October 2023

In this work, we have achieved an advancement by integrating wide-angle capacity into vortex beams with an impressive topological charge (TC) of 12. This accomplishment was realized through the meticulous engineering of a propagation-phase-designed metasurface. Comprising gallium nitride (GaN), meta-structures characterized by their high-aspect ratio, this metasurface exhibits an average co-polarization transmission efficiency, reaching a remarkable simulated value of up to 97%. The intricate spiral patterns, along with their respective quantification, have been meticulously investigated through tilt-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were further analyzed through the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. A captivating revelation emerged, a distinctive petal-like interference pattern manifests prior to the metasurface’s designed focal distance. The occurrence of this petal-like pattern at a specific z-axis position prompts a deliberate manipulation of the helicity of the spiral branches. This strategic helicity alteration is intrinsically tied to the achievement of a minimized donut diameter at the designed focal length. In regard to the angular capability of the device, the captured images continuously showcase prominent attributes within incident angles spanning up to 30 degrees. However, as incident angles surpass the 30-degree threshold, the measured values diverge from their corresponding theoretical projections, resulting in a progressive reduction in the completeness of the donut-shaped structure.
Constructing FeS and ZnS Heterojunction on N,S-Codoped Carbon as Robust Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Pei Fenglai , Li Min , Huang Yifan , Guo Qiuyun , Song Kunming , Kong Fantao , Cui Xiangzhi
Published: October 2023

Highly active and cost-efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are significant for developing renewable energy conversion devices. Herein, a nanocomposite Fe/ZnS-SNC electrocatalyst with an FeS and ZnS heterojunction on N,S-codoped carbon has been fabricated via a facile one-step sulfonating of the pre-designed Zn- and Fe-organic frameworks. Benefitting from the electron transfer from FeS to adjacent ZnS at the heterointerfaces, the optimized Fe/ZnS-SNC900 catalyst exhibits excellent ORR performances, featuring the half-wave potentials of 0.94 V and 0.81 V in alkaline and acidic media, respectively, which is competitive with the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C (0.87 and 0.76 V). The flexible Zn-air battery equipping Fe/ZnS-SNC900 affords a higher open-circuit voltage (1.45 V) and power density of 30.2 mW cm−2. Fuel cells assembled with Fe/ZnS-SNC900 as cathodic catalysts deliver a higher power output of 388.3 and 242.8 mW cm−2 in H2-O2 and -air conditions. This work proposes advanced heterostructured ORR electrocatalysts that effectively promote renewable energy conversions.
Doping Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene on the Flexural Properties and Tribological Performance of Needle-Punched Carbon/Carbon Composites Prepared by Liquid-Phase Impregnation
Authors: Lee Kuo-Jung , Lee Mu-Chou , Shih Yung-Hui , Lin Hsun-Yu
Published: October 2023

The main goal of this study is to investigate the doping effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene on the needle-punched carbon/carbon (C/C) composites that are prepared by liquid-phase impregnation. In order to achieve, for the C/C composites, the purposes of high flexural strength, stable friction coefficient, low weight loss, and high thermal conductivity, our primary concern is to examine the flexural properties and the tribological performance, and then to explore a little further into the influence on thermal conductivity. In this study, carbon fiber preforms were first fabricated by needle-punched carbon-fiber cloth, and then liquid-phase phenolic resin, doped with different proportions of carbon nanotubes and graphene, was used as the impregnation solution to carry out multiple densification (impregnation–carbonization) cycles and fabricate various C/C composites. The main purpose was to probe into the doping effects of the CNTs and graphene, added to the impregnation solution, on the properties of C/C composites. The experimental results show that the addition of CNTs and graphene can improve the heat conductivity, flexural properties, and tribological performance of C/C composites, and the impact on these properties is more significant with the addition. Furthermore, the properties of graphene-doped C/C specimens are better than those of CNT-doped C/C specimens.
An Evaluation of Experimental Calcium Ion-Leachable Nanocomposite Glass Ionomer Cements
Authors: Tsolianos Ioannis , Nikolaidis Alexandros K. , Koulaouzidou Elisabeth A. , Achilias Dimitris S.
Published: October 2023

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are among the main restorative dental materials used broadly in daily clinical practice. The incorporation of clay nanoparticles as reinforcing agents is one potential approach to improving GIC properties. This study aims to investigate whether the incorporation of calcium-modified clay (Ca-clay) nanoparticles in conventional GICs alters their structural characteristics, along with their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to assess the surface characterization of GIC nanocomposites, whereas a setting reaction was carried out via an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR). A universal testing machine was used for compression tests, while calcium ion release was quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). GIC composite groups reinforced with Ca-clay were found to release a fine amount of calcium ions (5.06–9.91 ppm), with the setting reaction being unaffected for low Ca-clay loadings. The median compressive strength of 3 wt% in the Ca-clay group (68.97 MPa) was nearly doubled compared to that of the control group (33.65 MPa). The incorporation of Ca-clay nanoparticles in GICs offers a promising alternative among dental restorative materials regarding their chemical and mechanical properties.
Preparation of Dispersed Copper(II) Oxide Nanosuspensions as Precursor for Femtosecond Reductive Laser Sintering by High-Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Bischoff Kay , Esen Cemal , Hellmann Ralf
Published: October 2023

This contribution demonstrates and discusses the preparation of finely dispersed copper(II) oxide nanosuspensions as precursors for reductive laser sintering (RLS). Since the presence of agglomerates interferes with the various RLS sub-processes, fine dispersion is required, and oversized particles must be identified by a measurement methodology. Aside from the established method of scanning electron microscopy for imaging individual dried particles, this work applies the holistic and statistically more significant laser diffraction in combination with dynamic image analysis in wet dispersion. In addition to direct ultrasonic homogenization, high-energy ball milling is introduced for RLS, to produce stable nanosuspensions with a high fine fraction, and, above all, the absence of oversize particles. Whereas ultrasonic dispersion stagnates at particle sizes between 500 nm and 20 μm, even after 8 h, milled suspension contains a high proportion of finest particles with diameters below 100 nm, no agglomerates larger than 1 μm and a trimodal particle size distribution with the median at 50 nm already, after 100 min of milling. The precursor layers produced by doctor blade coating are examined for their quality by laser scanning microscopy. The surface roughness of such a dry film can be reduced from 1.26 μm to 88 nm by milling. Finally, the novel precursor is used for femtosecond RLS, to produce homogeneous, high-quality copper layers with a sheet resistance of 0.28Ω/sq and a copper mass concentration of 94.2%.
Validity and Reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery Tool in Institutionalized Spanish Older Adults
Authors: Santamaría-Peláez Mirian , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , Da Silva-González Álvaro , Medina-Pascual Elena , Gentil-Gutiérrez Ana , Fernández-Solana Jessica , Mielgo-Ayuso Juan , González-Santos Josefa
Published: October 2023

Background: In order to be used safely, accurately and reliably, measuring instruments in the health field must first be validated, for which the study of their psychometric properties is necessary. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tool is a widely used clinical assessment test that has been approved for usage across several nations, languages and demographics. Finding SPPB’s psychometric properties for a sample of institutionalized older individuals is the aim of this research. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective and observational study of the psychometric properties of the Short Physical Performance Battery tool with a convenience sample of 194 institutionalized older adults. Reliability (internal consistency) and validity (construct validity and convergent validity) tests were performed. Results: The results show a very good internal consistency, construct validity and convergent validity. In addition, the factorial structure of the SPPB is provided, which reflects that it is a unidimensional scale. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Short Physical Performance Battery is a valid and reliable tool for use with institutionalized older adults. Its use is recommended as part of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for the evaluation of the physical or functional sphere. This study was not registered.
Variability in Water Capacity of Small-Leaved Linden Associated with Both the Presence of Honeydew and Various Sources of Pollution
Authors: Kwika Agata , Klamerus-Iwan Anna , Sadowska-Rociek Anna
Published: October 2023

The process of water retention on the surface of the assimilation apparatus of plants is inextricably linked with the water capacity of tree crowns and depends mainly on the condition of the leaf itself. The main objective of the present study was to investigate how the honeydew coverage and the location of trees related to the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affected the differences in the capability of small-leaved linden leaves to capture water. Honeydew coverage was determined with the use of AutoCAD, whereas the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined using gas chromatography. The value of S (water capacity) was much lower before the appearance of honeydew on the leaf than at the peak moment of honeydew collection. This is due to the hydrophobic properties of the substance. It was also found that the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in leaves varied depending on the distance of trees from pollution sources, and it was found that the amount of PAHs increased with the growth of honeydew on leaves and in locations exposed to pollution. The highest S and the total amount of PAHs occurred with the combination of the largest amount of pyrogenic impurities with the highest amount of honeydew. Combing pollutants from the air by plants is a very important function, but it may also change the physical properties of leaves, such as wettability.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Soybean Collection Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Zatybekov Alibek , Yermagambetova Moldir , Genievskaya Yuliya , Didorenko Svetlana , Abugalieva Saule
Published: October 2023

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a nutrient-rich crop that offers a sustainable source of dietary protein and edible oil. Determining the level of genetic diversity and relationships between various genetic resources involved in breeding programs is very important in crop improvement strategies. This study evaluated 100 soybean accessions with diverse origins for 10 important agronomic traits, including plant height (PH), an important plant adaptation-related trait impacting yield, in conditions in southeastern Kazakhstan for 2 years. The comparison of different groups of PH (tall, middle, and short) using a t-test suggested that the group of plants with the tallest PH provided a higher yield (p < 0.001) in relatively dry field conditions. The genetic diversity of the accessions was estimated using 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously known to be associated with plant height. The results showed a significant variation among different groups of origin for all measured agronomic traits, as well as high genetic diversity, with the PIC (polymorphism information content) varying from 0.140 to 0.732, with an average of 0.524. Nei’s diversity index ranged between 0.152 and 0.747, with an average of 0.526. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the studied soybean collection showed that Kazakhstan accessions were genetically distant from European, East Asian, and North American cultivars. Twelve out of twenty-five SSR markers demonstrated significant associations with ten studied agronomic traits, including PH (p < 0.05). Six SSRs with pleiotropic effects for studied traits were selected, and their haplotypes with phenotypic effects were generated for each soybean accession. The obtained results can be used in soybean improvement programs, including molecular-assisted breeding projects.
Comparative Root Transcriptome Profiling and Gene Regulatory Network Analysis between Eastern and Western Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Cultivars Reveals Candidate Genes for Vascular Tissue Patterning
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitra C. , Cholin Sarvamangala S. , Bajpai Akhilesh K. , Ondrasek Gabrijel , Mesta R. K. , Rathod Santosha , Patil H. B.
Published: October 2023

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a highly consumed vegetable rich in carotenoids, known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-protecting properties. While genetic and molecular studies have largely focused on wild and Western carrot cultivars (cvs), little is known about the evolutionary interactions between closely related Eastern and Western cvs. In this study, we conducted comparative transcriptome profiling of root tissues from Eastern (UHSBC-23-1) and Western (UHSBC-100) carrot cv. to better understand differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with storage root development and vascular cambium (VC) tissue patterning. Through reference-guided TopHat mapping, we achieved an average mapping rate of 73.87% and identified a total of 3544 DEGs (p < 0.05). Functional annotation and gene ontology classification revealed 97 functional categories, including 33 biological processes, 19 cellular components, 45 metabolic processes, and 26 KEGG pathways. Notably, Eastern cv. exhibited enrichment in cell wall, plant-pathogen interaction, and signal transduction terms, while Western cv. showed dominance in photosynthesis, metabolic process, and carbon metabolism terms. Moreover, constructed gene regulatory network (GRN) for both cvs. obtained orthologs with 1222 VC-responsive genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. In Western cv, GRN revealed VC-responsive gene clusters primarily associated with photosynthetic processes and carbon metabolism. In contrast, Eastern cv. exhibited a higher number of stress-responsive genes, and transcription factors (e.g., MYB15, WRKY46, AP2/ERF TF connected via signaling pathways with NAC036) were identified as master regulators of xylem vessel differentiation and secondary cell wall thickening. By elucidating the comparative transcriptome profiles of Eastern and Western cvs. for the first time, our study provides valuable insights into the differentially expressed genes involved in root development and VC tissue patterning. The identification of key regulatory genes and their roles in these processes represents a significant advancement in our understanding of the evolutionary relations and molecular mechanisms underlying secondary growth of carrot and regulation by vascular cambium.
Salicylic Acid- and Potassium-Enhanced Resilience of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) against Salinity and Cadmium Stress through Mitigating Ionic and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Alghamdi Sameera A. , Alharby Hesham F. , Abbas Ghulam , Al-Solami Habeeb M. , Younas Afshan , Aldehri Majed , Alabdallah Nadiyah M. , Chen Yinglong
Published: October 2023

Salinity and cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil are serious environmental issues threatening food security. This study investigated the role of salicylic acid (SA) and potassium (K) in enhancing the resilience of quinoa against the combined stress of salinity and Cd. Quinoa plants were grown under NaCl (0, 200 mM) and Cd (0, 100 µM) stress, with the addition of 0.1 mM SA and 10 mM K, separately or in combination. The joint stress of Cd and NaCl caused >50% decrease in plant growth, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance compared to the control plants. The higher accumulation of Na and Cd reduced the uptake of K in quinoa tissues. The joint stress of salinity and Cd caused an 11-fold increase in hydrogen peroxide and 13-fold increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents, and caused a 61% decrease in membrane stability. An external supply of 0.1 mM SA and 10 mM K helped plants to better adapt to salinity and Cd stress with less of a reduction in plant biomass (shoot 19% and root 24%) and less accumulation of Na and Cd in plant tissues. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were enhanced by 11-fold, 10-fold, 7.7-fold, and 7-fold, respectively, when SA and K were applied together to the plants subjected to the joint stress of Cd and salinity. Based on the values of the bioconcentration factor (>1), the translocation factor (<1), and the higher tolerance index, it was clear that Cd-contaminated, salty soils could be stabilized with quinoa under the combined supply of SA and K.
Sambucus nigra L. (fam. Viburnaceae) in Sicily: Distribution, Ecology, Traditional Use and Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Sala Giovanna , Pasta Salvatore , Maggio Antonella , La Mantia Tommaso
Published: October 2023

Sambucus nigra, the elderberry, has long been used for its medicinal properties in treating numerous diseases. Based on this traditional knowledge, its different pharmacological activities have been the focus of active research. All parts of the tree have long been used in traditional medicine, that is, the bark, the leaves, the flowers and the fruit. This study, carried out in Sicily (Italy), concerns the traditional uses of elder against human diseases. In order to trace the history of man’s interaction with elder on the island, multidisciplinary research was carried out, aiming at (1) presenting a comprehensive overview of elderberry’s applications and activities and (2) bridging traditional knowledge (uses and beliefs) with modern science, i.e., the most recent scientific findings in the biomedical and pharmacological fields. A rigorous literature review of scientific (and other local) reports on the elderberry tree and its application in food, health and household applications was undertaken. This article also provides a synthetic and updated picture of the ecology and distribution of S. nigra in Sicily. The elderberry is quite widespread in Sicily, yet its distribution is discontinuous. It prefers hedges, riparian woodlands, forest margins and clearings and is rather common along the watercourses flowing in the canyons of the Hyblaean Plateau, in the Madonie Mts. and in Enna province. Indeed, many old plants are often found near sacred places and rural houses, suggesting that in the past, it was extensively planted on purpose for its multiple uses. The complementary data obtained from multidisciplinary research confirm the usefulness of this approach in building a comprehensive and correct picture of the distribution of the most common woody species, for which the available knowledge is often fragmentary and imprecise.
Assessing Radish Health during Space Cultivation by Gene Transcription
Authors: Hasenstein Karl H. , John Susan P. , Vandenbrink Joshua P.
Published: October 2023

During the Advanced Plant Habitat experiment 2, radish plants were grown in two successive grow-outs on the International Space Station (ISS) for 27 days each. On days 10, 18, and 24, leaf punch (LP) samples were collected and frozen. At harvest, bulb tissue was sampled with oligo-dT functionalized Solid Phase Gene Extraction (SPGE) probes. The space samples were compared with samples from ground controls (GC) grown at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) under the same conditions as on the ISS, with notably elevated CO2 (about 2500 ppm), and from lab plants grown under atmospheric CO2 but with light and temperature conditions similar to the KSC control. Genes corresponding to peroxidase (RPP), glucosinolate biosynthesis (GIS), protein binding (CBP), myrosinase (RMA), napin (RSN), and ubiquitin (UBQ) were measured by qPCR. LP from day 24 and bulb samples collected at harvest were compared with RNA-seq data from material that was harvested, frozen, and analyzed after return to Earth. The results showed stable transcription in LP samples in GC but decreasing values in ISS samples during both grow-outs, possibly indicative of stress. SPGE results were similar between GC and ISS samples. However, the RNA-seq analyses showed different transcription profiles than SPGE or LP results, possibly related to localized sampling. RNA-seq of leaf samples showed greater variety than LP data, possibly because of different sampling times. RSN and RPP showed the lowest transcription regardless of method. Temporal analyses showed relatively small changes during plant development in space and in ground controls. This is the first study that compares developmental changes in space-grown plants with ground controls based on a comparison between RNA-seq and qPCR analyses.
Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae: Advances for Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Tian Shouwei , Zhang Zeliang , Qin Genji , Xu Yong
Published: October 2023

Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that not only produces seedless fruits, but also increases the rate of the fruit set under adverse environmental conditions. The study of parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae crops has considerable implications for cultivar improvement. This article provides a comprehensive review of relevant studies on the parthenocarpic traits of several major Cucurbitaceae crops and offers a perspective on future developments and research directions.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Essential Oil: An Interesting Source of Bioactive Specialized Metabolites as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Pavarino Marta , Marengo Arianna , Cagliero Cecilia , Bicchi Carlo , Rubiolo Patrizia , Sgorbini Barbara
Published: October 2023

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae family) is a plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. In this work, the essential oil of E. cardamomum was found to inhibit the enzymes AChE (62.6% of inhibition, IC50 24.9 μg/mL) and BChE (55.8% of inhibition, IC50 25.9 μg/mL) by performing an in vitro colorimetric assay using the Ellman method. A bio-guided fractionation approach was used to isolate fractions/pure compounds that were tested individually to evaluate their activity. The resulting oxygenated fraction was found to be active against both AChE (percentage inhibition 42.8%) and BChE (percentage inhibition 63.7%), while the hydrocarbon fraction was inactive. The activity was attributed to a pool of oxygenated terpenes (α-terpinyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, and α-terpineol) that synergistically contributed to the overall activity of the essential oil.
Characterization of the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Gene Family and Their Response to Drought Stress in Maize
Authors: Wei Ningning , Zhang Ziran , Yang Haoxiang , Hu Die , Wu Ying , Xue Jiquan , Guo Dongwei , Xu Shutu
Published: October 2023

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and acts in glutamine synthesis. IDH also participates in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses. We identified 11 maize IDH genes (ZmIDH) and classified these genes into ZmNAD-IDH and ZmNADP-IDH groups based on their different coenzymes (NAD+ or NADP+). The ZmNAD-IDH group was further divided into two subgroups according to their catalytic and non-catalytic subunits, as in Arabidopsis. The ZmIDHs significantly differed in physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein tertiary structure. Promoter prediction analysis revealed that the promoters of these ZmIDHs contain cis-acting elements associated with light response, abscisic acid, phytohormones, and abiotic stresses. ZmIDH is predicted to interact with proteins involved in development and stress resistance. Expression analysis of public data revealed that most ZmIDHs are specifically expressed in anthers. Different types of ZmIDHs responded to abiotic stresses with different expression patterns, but all exhibited responses to abiotic stresses to some extent. In addition, analysis of the public sequence from transcription data in an association panel suggested that natural variation in ZmIDH1.4 will be associated with drought tolerance in maize. These results suggested that ZmIDHs respond differently and/or redundantly to abiotic stresses during plant growth and development, and this analysis provides a foundation to understand how ZmIDHs respond to drought stress in maize.
Study on the Evaluation Method of the Water Saturation Logging of a Low-Resistance Oil Reservoir in the Guantao Formation, Bohai Basin
Authors: Meng Li , Shi Xinlei , Yang Wangwang , Zhang Chong , Xu Wenbin
Published: October 2023

As an unconventional and hidden special oil reservoir, a low-resistance oil reservoir has huge exploration potential. The formation of low-resistance oil reservoirs in the study area is affected by multiple factors, and the electrical characteristics of low-resistance oil reservoirs are not obvious, which makes it difficult to accurately evaluate the oil- and gas-bearing nature of low-resistance reservoirs by traditional saturation evaluation methods. The water saturation evaluation has become the focus and difficulty of the logging interpretation of low-resistance oil reservoirs in the target blocks. Low-resistance oil reservoirs have various reservoir characteristics and genesis mechanisms. Based on this, this paper firstly analyzes the genesis mechanisms of low-resistance oil reservoirs by combining geological, core NMR, X-diffraction, and well logging data. Secondly, on the basis of clarifying the genesis mechanism and the main controlling factors of the low-resistance oil formation, the additional conductivity correction of clay is carried out by combining it with the petroelectricity experiment, and the petroelectricity parameters are determined. Finally, the saturation of the low-resistance oil formation in the study area is quantitatively evaluated using the Simandoux model. The results show that the high immobile water saturation caused by the complex pore structure and the additional electrical conductivity of clay are the main controlling causes of the low-resistance reservoirs in the study area. Compared with the saturation evaluation effect of the W-S model, the evaluation accuracy of the Simandoux model corrected for the additional electrical conductivity of clay is better than that of the W-S model, which is 0.88, the relative error of its computation is 7.2%, and the model constructed can provide quantitative bases for the dredging of the low-resistance reservoirs in the Bohai Basin.
Situating the Nonprofit Industrial Complex
Authors: Singh Kelsall Tyson , Seaby Palmour Jake , Marck Rory , Withers A. J. , Luongo Nicole , Salem Kahlied , Sutherland Cassie , Veark Jasmine , Patrick Lyana , Bailey Aaron , Boyd Jade , Lawrence Q. , Fleury Mathew , Govorchin Alya , Crompton Nathan , Vance Chris , Edwards Blake , Swaich Anmol , Kelsall Amber , Mannoe Meenakshi , Larlee Portia , McDermid Jenn
Published: October 2023

This article centers on the nonprofit landscape in Vancouver, Canada, a city that occupies the territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) nations, which have never been ceded to the colonial occupation of Canada. Vancouver has a competitive nonprofit field, with an estimated 1600+ nonprofits operating within city limits. This descriptive review starts by defining what a nonprofit industrial complex (NPIC) is, then outlines an abbreviated history of the nonprofit sector on the aforementioned lands. The article then explores issues related to colonialism, anti-poor legislation, neoliberal governance, the fusing of the public and private sectors, and the bureaucratization of social movements and care work as mechanisms to uphold the status quo social order and organization of power. Focusing on under-examined issues related to the business imperatives of nonprofit organizations in the sectors of housing, health and social services, community policing, and research, this work challenges the positive default framing of nonprofits and charities. Instead, we contend that Vancouver’s NPIC allows the government and the wealthy to shirk responsibility for deepening health and social inequities, while shaping nonprofits’ revenue-generating objectives and weakening their accountability to the community.
The Role of Risk Communication in Shaping Health-Protective Behavior Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Termmee Suphunnika , Wang Bing
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to investigate the influence of social media, cultural, and demographic factors on individuals’ perceptions of risk and their responses to risk communication. This study targeted the population living in Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, for the collection of data because Bangkok recorded the highest cumulative COVID-19 cases in the country during the pandemic. The questionnaire method included 625 respondents and was administered from August 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire’s validation process involved conducting quantitative analysis, specifically utilizing confirmatory factor analysis within the IBM SPSS statistics 25 software. The analysis showed that demographic factors such as gender, occupation, education, and income significantly influenced risk interpretation. In terms of gender, males demonstrated a higher inclination towards evaluating data and information compared to females. Employed individuals also displayed a greater tendency for data evaluation than those who were not employed. Furthermore, individuals with lower education levels and income were more inclined towards studying risk-related information. Age and marital status did not exhibit a significant impact on risk interpretation. It was observed that interaction with social media can influence risk interpretation, potentially reducing individuals’ ability to interpret descriptive data. Furthermore, political beliefs were found to negatively impact risk interpretation due to the potential biases and preconceived notions that can shape how individuals perceive and evaluate information. Social, political, and cultural factors collectively played a role in shaping individuals’ perceptions and behaviors related to risk and health. Therefore, reevaluating these factors through quantitative research can offer valuable insights for formulating more effective recommendations to enhance risk communication policies and prepare strategies for future public health emergencies.
What Precisely Did Pope Francis Contribute? Parsing Key Terms and Claims in Laudato Si’
Authors: Massaro Thomas
Published: October 2023

With the 2015 publication of his encyclical letter Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home, Pope Francis emerged as a leading religious voice (alongside Patriarch Bartholomew) advocating for ecological justice and environmental sustainability. This remarkable exercise of global leadership has demonstrably influenced subsequent discourse, activism and deliberations on the environment, including the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) in December 2015. In order to advance the collective understanding of the diagnosis of the environmental crisis and the prescriptions for change presented by Pope Francis in this teaching document, this essay examines key terms, claims and conceptual tools presented in its pages. This essay opens with a pointed analysis of the historical context within which this particular religious contribution to environmental justice proceeds. It closes by tracing certain key outcomes and ongoing impacts of the contribution of Pope Francis to this area of social concern.
Stuck or Rooted? Perspectives on the Residential Immobility of Children in the U.S. from Poor Neighborhoods and Implications for Policy
Authors: Moore Alexus , Appel Joy Dillard , Harrison Austin , Spring Amy
Published: October 2023

Families relocating from concentrated poverty neighborhoods is somewhat rare, either due to structural constraints that limit mobility or the disincentive to leave dense social networks built over time. Researchers previously juxtaposed these two experiences as either “stuck” or “rooted”. We advance a critical take on both perspectives by demonstrating the heterogeneity of life in disadvantaged neighborhoods for Black urban youth. We utilize data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the 1997 Child Development Supplement to investigate contextual immobility, barriers to moving, and self-reported levels of neighborhood social ties to critique prior research and emergent policy that categorizes disadvantaged populations as “stuck” or “rooted”. Our findings demonstrate that immobility is most strongly associated with the household head lacking a high school education and with knowing more children’s names in the neighborhood. Thus, immobility is associated with structural barriers to moving and social rootedness. We discuss how current policy strategies do not effectively address this duality. We conclude that policy strategies should facilitate intragenerational mobility through housing choice, including the choice to remain in the neighborhood.
Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area
Authors: Montuori Paolo , Gentile Immanuela , Fiorilla Claudio , Sorrentino Michele , Schiavone Benedetto , Fattore Valerio , Coscetta Fabio , Riccardi Alessandra , Villani Antonio , Trama Ugo , Pennino Francesca , Triassi Maria , Nardone Antonio
Published: October 2023

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major global concern, leading to a significant decrease in the vaccination rate, with the World Health Organization recognizing it as one of the top ten threats to public health. Moreover, the health cost generated is evaluated to be 27 billion dollars per year in the US alone. To investigate the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to vaccination, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1163 individuals. Three models were used to perform a multiple linear regression analysis. In Model I, knowledge about vaccinations was found to be associated with smoking habits, education, and marital status. In Model II, attitudes towards vaccinations were significantly associated with sex, smoking habits, education, marital status, and knowledge. In Model III, behaviours related to vaccination were associated with sex, smoking habits, having children, knowledge, and attitudes. One potential solution to improve behaviours related to vaccinations in the general population is to implement specific public health programs, which can be a cost-effective intervention. This study provides valuable insights into the determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to vaccinations in the general population.
Retrospective Analysis of the Detection of Pathogens Associated with the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Routine Diagnostic Samples from Austrian Swine Stocks
Authors: Renzhammer René , Auer Angelika , Loncaric Igor , Entenfellner Annabell , Dimmel Katharina , Walk Karin , Rümenapf Till , Spergser Joachim , Ladinig Andrea
Published: October 2023

The diagnostic workup of respiratory disease in pigs is complex due to coinfections and non-infectious causes. The detection of pathogens associated with respiratory disease is a pivotal part of the diagnostic workup for respiratory disease. We aimed to report how frequently certain viruses and bacteria were detected in samples from pigs with respiratory symptoms in the course of routine diagnostic procedures. Altogether, 1975 routine diagnostic samples from pigs in Austrian swine stocks between 2016 and 2021 were analysed. PCR was performed to detect various pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (n = 921), influenza A virus (n = 479), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) (n = 518), Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae (n = 713), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 198), Glaesserella (G.) parasuis (n = 165) and M. hyorhinis (n = 180). M. hyorhinis (55.1%) had the highest detection rate, followed by PCV2 (38.0%) and Streptococcus (S.) suis (30.6%). PRRSV was detected most frequently in a pool of lung, tonsil and tracheobronchial lymph node (36.2%). G. parasuis was isolated more frequently from samples taken after euthanasia compared to field samples. PRRSV-positive samples were more likely to be positive for PCV2 (p = 0.001), M. hyopneumoniae (p = 0.032) and Pasteurella multocida (p < 0.001). M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were more likely to be positive for P. multocida (p < 0.001) and S. suis (p = 0.046), but less likely for M. hyorhinis (p = 0.004). In conclusion, our data provide evidence that lung samples that were positive for a primary pathogenic agent were more likely to be positive for a secondary pathogenic agent.
PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR ASSESSING THE ROBUSTNESS OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MADE OF PRECAST AND MONOLITHIC REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors:   Brest State Technical University, LIZAHUB A.A. , TUR A.V. ,   Brest State Technical University, TUR V.V. ,   Brest State Technical University
Published: October 2023

With the help of probabilistic modeling, the issues related to the assessment of the robustness of structural systems made of prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete in an accidental design situation are considered. The paper considers the concept of analyzing the reliability of structural systems and differentiating risks in accidental design situations. The existing probabilistic models of the basic variables included in the functions of loads and resistances are analyzed. Statistical parameters of the uncertainty of the resistance model are obtained and integrated in the form of a basic variable with probability modeling. Probabilistic modeling of structural systems made of precast and monolithic reinforced concrete, designed according to the current standards of the Republic of Belarus, was carried out using the Monte Carlo method. The functions of the limiting state of the structural system in an accidental design situation with the sudden removal of the central column of the first floor are determined. As a result, values of failure probabilities and corresponding reliability indices were obtained for the considered constructive systems.
TAYANGAN MUKBANG DAN PERILAKU KESEHATAN DEWASA MUDA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Meitasari Dwi , Anshari Dien
Published: October 2023

Mukbang adalah tren yang berasal dari Korea dengan mempertunjukan seseorang makan (biasanya dalam jumlah besar) disiarkan secara langsung (live streamed) atau rekaman (pre-recorded) dan disaksikan oleh penonton. Menonton mukbang sering dikaitkan dengan permasalah gizi yang berdampak terhadap angka obesitas. Dimana angka obesitas mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan menonton mukbang terhadap status gizi khususnya pada dewasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan menganalisis 7 artikel terpilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah didapat dari beberapa e-database yaitu Proquest, Sage, Scopus, Google Scholar dan Garuda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa antara menonton mukbang dan status gizi tidak ada hubungan yang siginifikan secara statistik. Namun, masih ada beberapa variabel lain yang berhubungan langsung dengan status gizi yaitu nafsu makan, citra tubuh, pola makan dan pengetahuan gizi. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah meskipun mukbang tidak berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap status gizi namun ada variabel lain yang berhubungan dengan mukbang yaitu keinginan makan, preferensi makan, gangguan pola makan, kecanduan internet, kebiasan kesehatan, perilaku makan, persepsi nilai dan meningkatkan pembelian dan konsumsi impulsif, serta konsumsi berlebihan.
HR qualification life path
Authors: Dolzhenko R. A. , Dolzhenko S. B.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the life path of qualifications in the field of personnel management, both at the level of individual employees, and in a historical perspective from the moment the function of personnel management was allocated, to the present, when it was segmented into specific areas, and is already normatively fixed in various professional standards, regulating professional activities in the field of work with personnel, as well as for the future, through an assessment of trends that can influence the function, as well as the results of foresights conducted with experts. The main research methods were retrospective analysis, analysis of documents (professional standards), analysis of HeadHunter.ru data. The study showed that professional activity in the field of personnel management has undergone significant changes over the past 30 years, transformed from personnel work to work with personnel, with the allocation of 2 basic areas: personnel development and labor economics. At the same time, the normative directions for the development of the profession have not yet been fixed. The system of professional standards in use is insufficient or not fully used by employers. Considering the results of the analysis, recommendations were made for employers on the development of the direction in the organization, the data was used in monitoring the labor market in the “HR management” sector, conducted for the SEC on personnel management in 2022.
Distribution of failed data storage devices from operation time in data centers
Authors: Nasyrov I. N. , Nasyrov I. I. , Nasyrov R. I.
Published: October 2023

The distribution of failed HDD and SSD drives from various manufacturers by operation time in one of the world’s largest cloud storage companies Backblaze data centers for a long period has been studied. As a result of the study, time ranges with the maximum share of failed drives were determined. It was found that along with the maxima corresponding to the declared drives technical characteristics, for almost all brands there is a large number of failures also in the initial operation period. A method of taking this circumstance into account when evaluating the data centers’ effectiveness is proposed.
The study of performance and methods of storage of JSON objects in PostgreSQL database management system
Authors: Shirokov I. A.
Published: October 2023

Currently there are several methods of data storage, such as table and object, as JSON objects. National and foreign scientists conducted studies on the comparison of performance of relational database management systems and NoSQL database management system, but there were no studies that compared the performance in data insertion and storage using ordinary records and JSON objects within the relational database management system. An experiment was carried out in terms of the real examples of corporate use of the database management system; the results show the relevance of the use of JSON objects in storage of large volumes of data.
Além da perda: um guia sobre os direitos e procedimentos dos dependentes de policiais militares falecidos no Paraná
Authors: Cordeiro Salete , Hedlund Karoema Lourenço Dias
Published: October 2023

O estudo aqui apresentado tem por finalidade tornar conhecidos os direitos dos dependentes no caso de morte do policial militar, seja ela em decorrência do serviço ou não, bem como elencar os procedimentos e trâmites administrativos que vão desde a liberação do corpo, confecção de atestado de óbito, sepultamento e requerimentos para pedido de pensão, auxílio funeral, indenizações e seguro. Pretende-se ainda fazer uma reflexão acerca da complexidade das situações de luto perante a morte, demonstrando a importância de se compreender este momento e de se acolher as pessoas enlutadas. Da mesma forma, será demonstrado de maneira objetiva e sequencial, os trâmites a serem tomados quando da morte natural ou quando se tratar de morte violenta, fazendo a diferenciação entre ambas. Por fim, porém de maior relevância, tornar acessível estas informações para que tanto os militares quanto seus familiares tenham conhecimento dos direitos e das etapas a serem percorridas nos casos de morte, para que sejam garantidos os benefícios a quem é de direito e para que estes não sejam lesados frente ao desconhecimento.
Manifestações de Pericardite após episódio de Covid-19 por paciente previamente hígido - um relato de caso
Authors: Dias Thais Geraldi , Shinohara Amanda Ayumi Nagata , Buzinaro Caio Branco , Silva Carla Rosana Guilherme , De Mello Júlio Toneta Albuquerque , Costa Luiz Guilherme Garbosa
Published: October 2023

O relato de caso descrito tem como objetivo contribuir com a expansão de conhecimentos sobre as repercussões pós COVID-19 em pacientes sem nenhum fator de risco para complicações, principalmente por analisar um paciente jovem, atleta e previamente hígido, que apresentou caso de pericardite depois de 14 dias assintomático, devido à infecção por coronavírus, mantendo sequela respiratória. Dentro deste relato foram discutidas também possíveis causas já documentadas para os acometimentos cardíacos evidenciados e colocadas considerações sobre acompanhamento e vigilância destes casos atípicos em sua devida importância dentro do contexto atual.
Earnings Quality, Corporate Growth on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Consumption Good on Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Indrayati Indrayati
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of earnings quality and firm growth on corporate performance. Earnings quality is proxied by discretional accruals, earnings persistence, while corporate growth is proxied by asset growth and profit growth and corporate performance is represented by the returns on equity and assets. This research method uses secondary data with a population of companies with a sample of consumer companies that are listed on the Indonesian stock exchange, namely food, beverage, cigarette and pharmaceutical companies as many as 138 companies for the years 2019-2021. Data collection with documentation and data processing with t test, f test, and coefficient of determination test for multiple linear regression utilizing the traditional assumption test. The results of the partial study (t) show that discretionary accruals, earnings persistence, asset growth and profit growth have a significant effect on corporate performance which is proxied by return on equity and return on assets, joint test (f) shows a significant effect and r square shows influence of 61.28%. The findings show that there is a significant effect of discretionary accruals, earnings persistence, assets growth and earnings growth on corporate performance (ROE and ROA).