bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESTRICTIONS OF THE TYPE OF POLYHEDRAL DISPLACED CONE IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Sevodin Mikhail , Starkova Ekaterina ,   Perm Natio­nal Research Polytechnic University
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the linear programming problem. A method is proposed to simplify its solution by identifying a class of constraints of a special type, due to which the desired plan will belong to a polyhedral convex cone located in a non-negative orthant. In this case, you must perform the following algorithm of actions. First, the original coordinate system is parallel transferred to the top of the selected cone. Then a transition to another space is made, which will lead to significant changes: a decrease in the number of restrictions. Next is the solution to the problem in any convenient way, for example, by the simplex-method – the most frequently used algorithm for finding solutions to linear extremal problems. One of its features is that with a large number of restrictions, its effectiveness decreases. This is a significant drawback in solving a number of problems, in particular, those of an economic nature, which, as a rule, striving to most accurately reflect the real state of affairs, impose a large number of restrictions on the desired plan. Therefore, if possible, it is better to reduce their number, even by increasing the variables, as this can happen in the proposed method for solving the selected class of problems. After finding the optimal plan, you need to return to the original space, and then to the old coordinate system. An important condition of this algorithm is the non-negativity of the cone elements. Thanks to this assumption, when a task is modified, new constraints are excluded. To track the implementation of this requirement, a condition is given in the work that guarantees its fulfillment. At the end of the work, the technique of searching for the operator (transition matrix) is described, with the help of which the task is transferred to another space. It is based on the search for vectors aligned with the generators of the cone.
COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS METHOD FOR FAULT DETECTION BASED ON SENSOR DATA
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Faizullin Rinat , Hering Stefan ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University
Published: March 2021

Sensors are a popular source of information about the operation of complex dynamic technical systems. Considering data from sensors as a multidimensional time series is also used to describe cyber-physical systems. The article proposes a method for detecting system malfunctions based on the method of analyzing cointegration dependencies. It is determined that in the data for analysis it is possible to reveal cointegration dependences as facts of interdependence of data from different sensors. Calculations are given on the example of a system with 52 parameters. Out of 1,326 data pairs, 75 are cointegrated. The conducted analysis shows that the proposed method enables one to clearly illustrate situations with changes in behavior. Having identified cointegrated pairs, we can follow them, and if cointegration has ‘disappeared’, that is, at some new time interval we can no longer talk about the presence of a cointegration ratio, then something has changed in the process itself. In practice, this means either a change in technology (which the operator knows about), or a breakdown/accident/failure, due to equipment errors, changes in some parameters of the resources used. In the latter case, such information (that the process has changed) can be used to attract attention in general, which may ultimately lead to the need for equipment repair or maintenance or readjustment, etc. The analysis shows that the proposed method enables one to clearly illustrate situations with changes in behavior. As an example of using the method, we used the ready-made Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) data set. Different pairs of data may have the ability to identify different errors. All errors cause a change in the behavior of one or several pairs of data, thus tracking the behavior of the value of random component enables identifying cases of deviation of the process from long-term equilibrium (in terms of cointegration), that is, cases of failure from the normal system operation. The results obtained are clear and objective and can be used by process operators or by a source for automatic process control.
APPLICATION OF MATRIX APPROACH OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN OIL MINING EQUIPMENT SERVICE
Authors:   Perm State University, Seletkov Ilya
Published: March 2021

The work solves the problem of building an intelligent decision support system for servicing oil production equipment. At the first stage – the choice of an intelligent model – it is shown that in the existing conditions it is difficult to obtain a training sample in digital form. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to gain knowledge of subject matter experts – masters and technologists – in the form of a set of linguistic rules. Based on this, a conclusion about the effectiveness of the use of fuzzy logic to solve this problem is made. At the stage of constructing an intelligent model, the use of the matrix approach of fuzzy logic is proposed. To elaborate this approach an algorithm of fuzzy inference based on vector fuzzy predicates is developed. Capabilities and advantages of new algorithm are demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the matrix representation makes possible reducing computations to solving a system of linear equations. Matrix inference also allows to explicitly determine the range of values of the analyzed parameters at which the knowledge base does not allow making a clear conclusion. A model of a fuzzy logic machine in the form of a fuzzy combinational circuit that analyzes an external memory block is proposed for the analysis of retrospective information on the change in the values of the parameters of technological equipment over time. Specific cases allowing the transition from a state machine to a combinational circuit are shown. Article also shows how this can be done. The main advantage of this approach is the absence of the need to use the difficult to formalize concept of a fuzzy state, which leads to a simplified construction of fuzzy logical devices with memory. At the end work contains brief conclusions about the application of the proposed methods and algorithms for building, testing, implementing a decision support system and about its effectiveness.
Antioxidant Capacity and Essential Oil Composition of Hypericum thymopsis Boiss. (Hypericaceae) from Turkey
Authors: KOÇ Emine , ARABACİ Turan
Published: March 2021

Antioxidant capacity and essential oil composition of Hypericum thymopsis Boiss. (Hypericaceae), an endemic species, distributed in Turkey was determined. The samples of three different populations were used for the analysis. Antioxidant activities was determined by DPPH method from the leaves and flowers. Essential oil analysis was performed from areal parts of plant by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). α-Pinene, spathulenol and limonene are determined as the major components of the essential oils. According to the 50% inhibition (IC50) values (μg/mL) the highest antioxidant values were measured in the methanolic extract of flowers.
Evaluating Parameters of the Present-Day Public Discourse Linguistic Correctness and Communicative Efficiency
Authors: Pochtar Elena
Published: March 2021

The article studies in linguo-philosophical and linguo-communicative angles the problem of speech ecology in the conditions of the present-day society along with the violations, caused by it, of linguistic and communicative norms of cooperative speech intercourse. Proceeding from the language-as-a-doer conception and also from the fact of limited linguistic censorship in the sphere of present-day mass communication, the author justifies possibility of all kinds of irregularities in public discourse and analyses how their appearance can affect the eventual communicative efficiency of the discourse as a whole. The article gives a chronological observation of the practice of discourse analysis acquiring the four basic criteria of evaluating linguistic utterances – grammaticality, acceptability, truth, and reference – which were gradually introduced in linguistics as the result of influence from adjacent areas of knowledge. On the basis of selected examples the author tries to find out whether appliance of these speech evaluation methods is justified inasmuch as they help to evaluate linguistic conventions implementation and ability of speech utterances to transmit communicator's intentions implicated in them. Having studied different kinds of speech deviations violating, to this or that extant, the norms of grammar, syntax, conceptualization processes, and communication canons, the author comes to the conclusion that violations of norms do not always cause ultimate communicative failures. According to the author, verbal communication can only be estimated as unsuccessful when it fails to receive adequate perception on the part of the addressee. Based on that, the conclusion is made that while evaluating discourse linguistic correctness and pragmatic consistency, one should, first of all, consider peculiarities of the extra-linguistic context and the category of the receptive audience rather than whether the discourse does or does not conform to the norms of usage and standard speech ethics.
Linguistic Codes of Volgograd Godonyms as a Reflection of Regional Toponymic Policy
Authors: Ilyin Dmitriy , Sidorova Elena
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the year-name space of the city of Volgograd (godonyms), interpreted as a set of names of linear geographic objects officially recorded on the territory of a settlement. The linguistic codes most in demand in the regional toponymic policy have been identified and characterized, the most important features of these codes are consistency, structure, repletion with relevant to users information, and in some cases conventionality, symbolism consigning positive semantics. It is argued that the extremely frequent codes for nominating the intracity linear topo objects of Volgograd are memorial, local, anthropogenic and conditionally symbolic ones. It has been established that memoratives can be subdivided into personal, group, and associated with some significant events. Personal memoratives are distributed over the three strata: godonyms commemorating world-famous people, godonyms naming places after iconic personalities in the national community, godonyms based on the names of people recognized in the region. Godonyms, designed to preserve the memory of military exploits committed during the defense of the city in different historical epochs, prevail among group and event memoratives. The most urgent tasks in the field of municipal toponymic policy are outlined as being associated with increase in degrees of name uniqueness within the city, reduction of onyms that contain numerals and abbreviations, and raising requirement to linguistic consistency and accurate spelling of godonyms.
Interval Hypoxic Training in Rehabilitation Program for Adolescents with Overweight / Obesity and Comorbid Arterial Hypertension: Open-Label Randomized Study
Authors: Mashanskaya Alexandra V. , Pogodina Anna V. , Atalyan Alina V. , Rychkova Lyubov V. , Bugun Olga V. , Vlasenko Anastasia V. , Mandzyak Tamara V. , Khramova Elena E. , Kravtsova Olga V. , Astahova Tatiana A.
Published: March 2021

Background. Searching for new strategies for the rehabilitation of adolescents with obesity and comorbid arterial hypertension (AHT) before significant pathological changes development in the cardiovascular system remains the urgent challenge.Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of interval hypoxic training (IHT) on blood pressure (BP) levels in adolescents with overweight / obesity and comorbid AHT.Methods. Adolescents aged 14-17 years with body mass index SDS ≥ 1 and grade I AHT (mean level of systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 95th percentile for population of corresponding age, sex and height) have been randomized to the group «aerobic training» (treadmill walking) and “aerobic training + IHT” (usage of hypoxicator in intermittent operation cycles). All patients were on subcaloric diet (10% reduction in caloric intake for given age). Primary outcome measure was the difference between groups on systolic/diastolic BP levels according to 24-hour BP monitoring after completion of training program (10 classes each). The effects of IHT on body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), heart rate variability and psychoemotional state (Spielberger scale, assessment of health, activity and mood) were further estimated.Results. 43 patients were assigned to the index group, and 42 — to the control group. 67 patients have completed the research program. 5 patients (12%) from the IHT group and 13 patients (31%; p = 0.029) from the control group prematurely discontinued participation in the trial due to poor exercise tolerance. The groups were comparable in baseline systolic and diastolic BP. Decrease in BP occurred in both groups after 10 workouts. There were no differences in decrease value: mean difference for SBP was 2.4 mm Hg (95% CI -6.6 ... 1.8), for DBP — 0.2 mm Hg (-3.6 ... 4.0). However, the incidence of reaching the targeted SBP (< 95th percentile for the corresponding age and sex) after completion of the treatment was recorded in 66% patients in the experimental group and in 42% patients in the control group (p = 0,047). Positive dynamics in several indicators of heart rate variability and psychoemotional state were mentioned in the IHT group.Conclusion. The IHT implementation in the complex of rehabilitation program for adolescents with overweight / obesity and AHT has no additional positive effect on BP levels. However, the incidence of reaching the targeted SBP (< 95th percentile for the corresponding age and sex) after completion of the treatment was recorded in 66% patients in the experimental group and in 42% patients in the control group (p = 0,054).
Editorial Activity as It is: Scientific Editor Commentaries
Authors: Saygitov Ruslan T.
Published: March 2021

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An Impact of Biofeedback Training on the Effectiveness of Cognitive Training in Stroke Patients
Authors: Kozlova Natalya , Cexmejstruk Ekaterina , Atamanova Inna , Levickaya Tatyana , Nazmetdinova Dilara
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The clinical significance of cognitive impairments remaining in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) in the second rehabilitation period actualizes the need for their correction. The technique of cognitive training shows a high degree of cognitive function recovery, but negative emotional states that may occur in patients during rehabilitation may reduce its positive effect. In this regard, the use of biofeedback (BFB) training to stabilize the patients’ psycho-emotional state before cognitive training can increase its effectiveness.Purpose. To evaluate the impact of BFB-training on the effectiveness of cognitive training in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders in the second rehabilitation period.Design. 41 post-stroke patients (ischemic stroke) in their late recovery period with varying degrees of cognitive impairments, not reaching the level of dementia, completed a course of standard rehabilitation and psychological treatment, including cognitive training sessions. Of these, 20 patients (the experimental group), before cognitive training, additionally underwent a BFB-training based on the skin conductance parameter. Psychodiagnostic evaluation conducted before and after the rehabilitation course included a study of visual and auditory-speech memory, volume, distribution, and attention switching, the level of depression, as well as unconscious and conscious anxiety.Results. After the course of rehabilitation and psychological treatment, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in all cognitive functions and indicators of psycho-emotional state. Positive dynamics in the control group is observed only in the cognitive sphere. The level of cognitive functions in the experimental group after the rehabilitation course was significantly higher than in the control one.Conclusions. An additional inclusion of BFB-training in the course of rehabilitation and psychological treatment helps to increase the effectiveness of cognitive training by stabilizing the psycho-emotional state, as well as by providing a positive impact of biofeedback methods on cognitive functions.
Relationship between Intelligence and Executive Functions in Preschoolers
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena , Isaiko Anastasiya , Soboleva Nina
Published: March 2021

The paper raises the problem of the relationship between executive functions and intelligence in preschool period of the development. Based on the discussion about the components of executive functions proposed by different authors, two components (inhibitory control and working memory) were selected for analysis. Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices were chosen for the assessment of the intelligence. We chose this method due to the fact that there are a lot of preschoolers who have speech problems that prevent an adequate assessment of verbal intelligence. The go/go and go/no-go paradigms to evaluate inhibitory control (Vergunov & Nikolaeva, 2009) and a test aimed at evaluating working memory (Razumnikova & Savinykh, 2016) were used. The specificity of the test aimed at the level of inhibitory control assessment was a fractal structure of the sensory flow. Both go/go and go/no-go series included two identical parts, but children did not know about this. Some children, however, showed better results in the second part of the series rather than the first one. This could indicate that children intuitively discovered the structure of the sensory flow and learned to respond more effectively. In go/go series, children were asked to respond to each presented stimulus (circles of different colours). In the go/no-go series, they were forbidden to respond to a target stimulus (red circles). Calculating the mistakes (reactions to the red circles), we could assess the inhibitory control level. To assess a working memory, the subjects were offered three series including the same set of visual stimuli, and the order of the stimuli was changed in each series. The number of recalling stimuli in each series and interference inhibition resulting from the presentation of the same set of stimuli were calculated. The study involved 90 preschoolers (average age 6.5±0.4 years) of normative development, parents of all children signed informed consents, and all children were told about the goals of the study. It was shown that nonverbal intelligence has no correlation with any parameters of the inhibitory control or parameters of working memory in preschool age. Immaturity of the prefrontal cortex at this age was suggested to be the main reason for the lack of such a link. The low levels of both inhibitory control and interference inhibition could not provide a high level of correlation with intelligence. It was proved that nonverbal intelligence is associated with greater performance in the second part of the go/go series. This suggests that the higher the child's intelligence is, the better they are able to navigate the sensory flow.
Prime Minister’s Constitutional Position in Hungary, Romania and Poland (a Comparative Analysis)
Authors: Grzybowski Marian
Published: March 2021

The institution of the prime-minister, formed in monarchical states, has gained a new political environment in the republic affecting the position and nature of the p[rime-minister’s office. This position depended ,to a large extent, on the systemic location and the shape of the function and competences of the elected president of the republic. The systemic solution adopted in this respect were, as a rule, between two border models; the prime-minister’s full dependence on the political (party) and majority forces in the parliament and the political connection of the castoff the prime-minister’s position to the political profile and personal preferences of the president. Among the solutions indicated here were a number of intermediary solutions used in the systemic practice of individual countries. The political changes at the turn of the Year 1989/1990 in Central and South-Eastern Europe favoured shaping the position of the prime-minister in connections of the model of parliamentary government (i.e. depending on the party structure and majority confidence in parliament) ,but with influence of the president (especially in case of the cast of this office in general and direct election).
The Right of a Party to Administrative Proceedings to Obtain a Properly Prepared Administrative Decision
Authors: Szremski Jakub
Published: March 2021

The right of a party to administrative proceedings to obtain a properly prepared administrative decision is a value resulting from the principle of a democratic state ruled by law, as well as the right of an individual to the administrative process. From this general value, the addressee of this act will have specific procedural rights: the right to conclude all elements of the decision; the right to know the comprehensive justification for taking a specific decision – important from the point of view of the possibility of challenging the decision by means of appeal; the right to justify any decision – even a positive decision.
New method of occupational risk assessment – Risk Analysis
Authors: Koza Patrycja , Krzywański Jarosław
Published: March 2021

The article presents a new method of risk assessment Risk Analysis. The first part of the article is an introduction that informs about the essence of risk assessment and addresses the lack of a parameter describing the impact of human behaviour on occupational risk in existing methods of risk assessment. The statistical information presented confirms the significant impact of human behaviour on the occurrence of an accident at work. The second chapter is devoted exclusively to the subject of risk assessment. The third chapter contains the main part of the article, i.e. the presentation of the author's own risk assessment method, which consists of an individually developed formula and parameters. The article presents the Risk Analysis method, as well as its features, which distinguish it from other methods. The method is characterized by accuracy, functionality, and an innovative approach to the subject of professional risk assessment.
Mediatization of Anti-Corruption Policy: a Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Rusakova Olga , Gribovod Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the phenomenon of mediatization of anti-corruption policies. The authors study theoretical treatment of the role of the mass media in anti-corruption practices and analyze methodological approaches to interpretation of the mediatization. These include discourse-linguistic, cratologic, and resource-communication approaches. The discourse-linguistic approach involves mainly an analysis of the contents of media texts and images that generate a required public opinion and form stable cognitive matrices of peoples anti-corruption thinking. The cratologic approach regards mediacracy as both government institution and a subject of an anti-corruption policy. It also helps to find a number of information techniques (like agenda-setting, priming, framing, etc.) aimed at forming a legal anti-corruption culture. The resource-communication approach describes mediatization of anti-corruption policies by means of citizen journalism, new media and a vast range of mass communication media. The authors make an attempt to identify key features of the process of mediatization of anti-corruption policy at different stages of its development. The term «mediatization of anti-corruption policy» is defined as a system of measures to provide information support for anti-corruption activities. It is inferred that, overall, the contemporary mass media are successfully accumulating a required technological, organizational and communicative potential for information warfare against corruption. However, extra efforts and the national will would sufficiently add to the efficiency of this potential.
Online English Newspaper Headlines as Media Linguistics Phenomenon (an Attempt of Linguistic Description)
Authors: Krasina Elena , Souadkia Mounya
Published: March 2021

From the point of view of linguistics, mass media play an important role in studies of the language, since, on the one hand, they are a rich source of language material and data, and on the other hand, the language used by mass media does not comply with the current norms of the literary language. Studying and explaining various linguistic phenomena adds to development of efficient language teaching methods. All this determines the topicality of the research. The newspaper article headline is considered its most significant element, and thus, its wording is to be aimed at attracting the target readers attention, making them interested, and encouraging them to read the whole article. Therefore, the authors choose to focus this study on online newspaper headlines, their linguistic and structural features, particularly, phonetic alliteration, transformation of lexical units, elliptical structures, grammatical means and word order, as well as stylistic devices, which help to strengthen emotional impact on the reader. The outcome of the study shows that newspaper headlines feature more mobile and flexible language structures than the standard language, and do not comply with the linguistic norms and rules of word order.
Media Interpretation of the New Hanse: European Context
Authors: Kaminskaia Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The article shows the interpretation of the role of the Hanseatic League of the New Age by the media. The theme of the New Hanse has become relevant in the recent years due to the growing importance of public diplomacy. Commentariat has its own function in exercising this diplomacy, as well as in PR-stunts for tourist brands. It was journalists who gave an impetus to the extensive promotion of tourism potential of The Golden Ring of Russia. The author states that the New Hanse, which includes 192 cities of 16 European countries, not only has a great tourism potential, but also provides an international political and communication resource in the contexts of the EU integrity crisis and global sanctions. Besides playing its communicative role in the cultural exchange, this potential is linked to politics of memory: for many European and Russian cities that have faded in importance it is a significant symbolic resource. The symbolic resource of the New Hanse is determined by positive moments in the history, by successful trade and prosperity of medieval cities, and does not have any separatist or conflict implication, unlike commemoration of the Victory and WWII. The author analyses interpretations of the New Hanse by both Russian and European media, and highlights components of Hanseatic media discourse, such as news hook, genre, content visualization, and newsmakers. The total number of media texts analyzed, which include texts in Russian and German published in the recent decade, is over 300. The sources of the Russian media texts are the Integrum archive and the archive of the International Journalist Contest Hanse as Continuity. The texts in German were found in the Internet by continuous sampling based on key words Die Hanse, Hansestädte, Hansebund. The author used the method of content-analysis to do the research. In addition, the author interviewed activists of the New Hanse from Pskov and Veliky Novgorod and monitored tourism industry in North-West Russia. The article describes some successful cases of project development of the Hanse theme in media space, and proposes variants of media interperetation of the the Hanses role.
Les référentiels sur l’évaluation de la compréhension de l’oral en chinois
Authors: GUO Jing
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article nous présenterons dans un premier temps les documents référentiels importants au sujet de l’évaluation de la compréhension de l’oral du chinois, puis nous ferons une synthèse analytique de ces documents pour soulever la problématique de l’absence de distinction du vocabulaire de l’écrit et de l’oral. Enfin, nous introduirons le descriptif du « _Spoken Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards and Testing Guideline_ 汉语口语水平登记标准及测试大纲». Ce dernier, avec une liste de 8 300 mots à maîtriser dans 30 domaines différents, marque d’après nous un pas significatif dans l’histoire de l’évaluation et de l’enseignement de l’oral du chinois. Cependant, en ce qui concerne la compréhension de l’oral, beaucoup reste à faire, et ceci est surtout urgent pour l’apprentissage du chinois dans un contexte non naturel.
L’évaluation d’une compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle : la médiation orale
Authors: Ez-Zaim Khalid
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution a pour but principal d’interroger l’évaluation de la compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle à la lumière de la problématique générale de l’évaluation en langues et des implications didactiques du plurilinguisme. Evaluer en termes de compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle est une problématique qui exige de revisiter la définition de cette notion on ne peut plus complexe, ne serait-ce que pour l’expliciter davantage afin d’en appréhender le sens et la quintessence. Pour remédier aux lacunes qui handicapent le CECR (2001) et son Volume complémentaire (2018), nous tentons, dans un esprit critique et loin de tout applicationnisme aveugle, une articulation de ces deux documents avec le CARAP (2011) pour tenter de réaliser, autant que faire se peut, une opérationnalisation de ce cas particulier de la Compétence Plurilingue et Pluriculturelle qu’est la médiation orale, dans le cadre d’un essai d’évaluation de cette compétence impliquant le jeu de rôle. Par cette opérationnalisation, nous cherchons à mettre en relief l’apport que pourrait avoir la médiation dans le développement et l’évaluation de la compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle, et donner un regard pratique sur ce nouveau type d’évaluation.
Asymétrie culturelle entre les termes de parenté chinois et français
Authors: GONG Junji
Published: March 2021

Dans le cadre de l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère, une distance lexicale et conceptuelle présente une asymétrie culturelle entre les mots, ce qui accentue souvent la difficulté dans l’apprentissage. Il existe différents types d’asymétrie qui renvoient nécessairement à des modes de résolution didactique différents. Nous illustrerons notre propos par le biais des résultats issus de nos recherches sur l’enseignement des termes de parenté dans la langue chinoise.
Evaluation de l’oral dans des groupes d’apprenants de bulgare
Authors: Gadjeva Snejana
Published: March 2021

S'appuyant sur une expérience de l'enseignement de l'oral du bulgare à l'Inalco, à tous les niveaux de la licence, cet article vise à mettre l'accent sur la complexité de l'évaluation dans des groupes hétérogènes aux effectifs restreints. Nous soutenons l'idée que, dans des contextes similaires à celui des groupes de bulgare à l'Inalco, l'évaluation de l'oral devrait faire écho à un enseignement reposant sur un cadre conceptuel adaptable aux objectifs et besoins des apprenants. Elle devrait, par conséquent, être pratiquée de manière continue sur la base de critères à barèmes modulables en fonction des compétences visées par chaque activité d'expression et de compréhension orales.
The use of artificial intelligence to predict electric power consumption of a power supply company
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine, Bershadsky Ilya , Dzhura Sergey ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine, Chursinova Aurika ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The existing approaches to using artificial intelligence in training the neural network using the Neurosimulator 5.0 application to predict electricity consumption according to the data of the previous period are analyzed in this article. It is also concluded that it is advisable to develop this direction of calculations for forecasting and designing power supply systems. The article is devoted to the problem of choosing a model for forecasting electricity consumption when solving the problem of operational daily planning of electricity supplies in the wholesale market. The task of forecasting electricity consumption acquired particular relevance after the emergence of the wholesale electricity market: an underestimation of the forecast leads to the need to launch expensive emergency power plants, while an overestimation leads to an increase in the costs of maintaining excess capacity. The choice of artificial neural networks for this purpose is well-founded. The most suitable architecture of an artificial neural network for solving the problem in question is a multilayer perceptron containing several layers of neurons: an input layer, one or more hidden layers and a layer of output neurons. The transmission of information usually takes place in one direction - from the input layer to the output layer. An example of power consumption prediction based on the results of the nearest measurements in the time domain is considered and an approximation error is determined. The results of approximation and prediction of power consumption showed that a root-mean-square relative error did not exceed 6.32 %, but there is an outlier at one point up to 34 %. The reserve for improving the forecast accuracy is to study the influence of additional factors such as an ambient temperature and the day factor which takes into account the load distribution by the days of the week.
Dichotomy. Dichotomy? Dichotomy! Basic provisions, problems of terminology and inspection analysis of the method of dichotomy
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation, Maistrenko Andrey , Maistrenko Konstantin ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation, Svetlakov Anatoliy ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

When creating modern systems of automatic control of various processes and objects operating in real time, very often one has to face the problem of solving various kinds of nonlinear scalar equations. Currently, there are a number of computational methods and algorithms for its solution, one of which is the dichotomy method. This method has a number of advantages in comparison with other known methods for solving nonlinear equations, but at present it has not found wide practical use. The main reason for its low popularity is the low rate of convergence of the sequence of approximate solutions and a large amount of computation required to obtain sufficiently accurate solutions. The purpose of the study is to consider in detail distinctive features of the dichotomy method and show the preference of its use in comparison with other known methods. We propose a modified version of the dichotomy method that allows one to obtain more rapidly converging sequences of approximate solutions to nonlinear scalar equations and requires significantly fewer computations required to obtain solutions with the desired accuracy. By solving a number of specific nonlinear equations, it is possible to illustrate the higher convergence rate of the sequence of approximate solutions calculated using the modified dichotomy method and, thereby, to substantiate the advantage of the new method for its use in creating various automatic control and regulation systems. Based on the results obtained a modification of the method for segment bisection is proposed. It has all the main advantages of the modified method. The research results can be used in the development of modern automatic control systems for various technological processes and objects.
Visual Communication in the Urban Space of Novosibirsk: Differentiation and Perception
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Kalashnikova Kseniia N. ,   Novosibirsk State University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on the numerous manifestations of visual informal communication in the urban public space. Such manifestations are among the most important symptoms of modern development. The study of objects of visual communication can give knowledge that clarifies points of contact and, conversely, discrepancies in perception that can cause conflicts. The author’s aim was to identify and describe the types of objects of visual communication and the peculiarities of their perception by residents on the example of Novosibirsk, Russia. To achieve this aim, the author used several sources of information: interviews with street artists and residents with the help of visual materials, and a large archive of the photos of the objects. To distinguish the types of objects, the author used Harold Lasswell’s communication model as presented by Arthur Berger as a basis. She modified the model according to the features of informal visual communication and the criteria that differentiate objects. The criteria were: message source, author, message, medium, channel, audience, and perception. As a result, the author determined the following types of objects of visual communication: inscriptions and signs, graffiti, street art, public art, HCS (housing and communal services) art, buffs. Perception as a process is not detached from the creation of an object. It is perception that can separate ordinary inscriptions on fences from street art because, even judging by the name, the main criterion for the selection of inscriptions and signs is its means. But some inscriptions surprise, catch attention, and change the choreography of movements, and it is this effect that creates street art. Graffiti are distinguished by a specific means—the font—and by the principles of location in space. Public art is distinguished by the presence of a customer, and its means are almost similar to those of street art. HCS art is a specific category distinguished primarily by the means, the channel, and the author. Buffs are an unexpected discovery, postulating the bilateral nature of informal public communication, characterized primarily by the means. So, one of the key criteria for classifying the types of objects is the means, or the way of coding, which can influence human perception. Types of objects largely determine perception, but even if all the signs of the object can be attributed to one or another type, this does not determine perception. Aesthetics, location, meaning are the main characteristics of the object, which were decisive for respondents’ perception. Respondents’ personal characteristics certainly had an impact on perception, but this was clearly manifested only in the case of HCS art.
Adult Literacy in the USA, 1992–2014: Results of National and International Assessments
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Zakharova Nataliya V.
Published: March 2021

The article aims at revealing the change of adult (functional) literacy in the USA and defining the role played by general (country’s population growth, the system of adult education, and its funding) and specific (age, ethnicity, and race) factors. The research is based on the results of national and international assessments of the level of adult literacy in 1992–2014. The following methods were applied for the research: generalization, system, deductive, inductive, and comparative, as well as the historical method and cluster selection for analyzing statistics. The author outlined the concept of functional literacy and described demographic features of the USA on the basis of migration statistics and the ethnic and racial portrait of the country’s population. The author reviewed the American and Russian historiography of adult literacy. A brief history and the current state of the US system of adult education and the corresponding legislation were presented. The study provided data on how the system of adult education was financed and what the initial level of education of migrants and the US migrant policy and testing were. The results of national and international assessments of adult literacy in 1992–2014 were analyzed and compared by literacy types on the national scale and among ethnic groups/races in the USA. The author concluded that the USA had not met the challenge of modern literacy connected not only with rather average assessments of its level in comparison with other countries of the world, but also with significant differences in the level of adult literacy within the country, despite political interest in improving this socioeconomic index, the legislative support which was embodied in setting up the system of adult education based on regional demands, and its annually growing budget. Besides, contradictions in the information (the results of the international assessments were lower than those presented in analytical reports within the country) on adult literacy in the USA available to most Americans were revealed. Trends of the change of literacy levels shown by representatives of various ethnic groups were defined. White Americans demonstrated the highest level of all types of literacy (above the country’s average). Together with the growing level of literacy of Asians and African-Americans, it allowed the USA to remain in the middle of the list of the tested countries of the OECD. The initially low indicators of literacy of Latin Americans and their having become the largest ethnic minority in the USA by the 2000s affected the growth of the country’s literacy in the world rankings negatively. Document literacy was the only indicator which remained stable throughout this period by the results of national surveys. By the results of the international ones, it even rose both compared to the earlier assessments and to the gradually decreasing average world level.
Infantile Consciousness and Its Narrative Incarnation in Jonathan Littell’s Novel Les Bienveillantes
Authors:   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinsburg, Russian Federation), Zhironkina Evgeniya S.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the narrative organization of Jonathan Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes [The Kindly Ones], dedicated to the events of World War II and offering the experience of an artistic understanding of the Holocaust. Maximilien Aue, the protagonist and narrator of Les Bienveillantes, is an ex-officer of the SS and SD. The author of the article attempts to explain how his personality traits influence the specifics of the novel’s narrative. She shows that Aue’s important characteristic is infantility; this feature determines his behavior, perception, and, as a consequence, the specifics of the narrative. In the analysis of the novel, the author uses narratological methodology. She studies aspects illustrating manifestations of Aue’s infantility: relationship with his family, joining the ranks of the SD, direct participation in the extermination of the Jewish people and performance of official duties; transformation of his mental state; his behavior in situations that threaten his freedom. The author shows that Aue is unable to break the infantile relationship with his family: the narrative contains his childhood memories and his thoughts about his family as part of the story of the tragic events of the Holocaust. The author reveals that Aue’s involvement in service to the Third Reich is unconscious: his decision to join the SD is not based on ideological reasons, but on the fear of criminal punishment and the physical discomfort he experiences. When completing errands, Aue pursues his own interests rather than official duties (in particular, he compiles a photo album with executions instead of a formalized report). Metamorphoses of Aue’s mental state also testify to his infantile consciousness. The author analyzes dreams and fantasies that indicate Aue’s immaturity. His dreams perform a characterological function in the novel: they show his failure as a leader. Aue’s lack of empathy shows in his inability to sympathize with the victims of the genocide; it determines the speech features of his story such as the neutral narration about the executions, shocking comparisons and associations, the physiological nature of the narrative language. Aue’s infantility also leads to his inability to take responsibility for his actions; his self-consciousness develops many years later. Aue’s maturity shows in the recognition of his own non-exclusivity and in the intention to write a novel—to return to his experience of participating in Jewish actions. The choice of a bearer of infantile consciousness as the narrating protagonist in Les Bienveillantes indicates that modern literature is attempting to comprehend the situation of a person embroiled in hostilities, in the situation of no choice.
Activities of the Censor-Editor in Tomskie Gubernskie Vedomosti in 1907–1908
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Shevtsov Vyacheslav V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the censorship of provincial prerevolutionary periodicals (the official newspaper Tomskie Gubernskie Vedomosti [Tomsk Provincial Sheets] in particular). Usually, a reader or a researcher of periodicals deals with the issue of the newspaper that has been distributed, all the work on its preparation, editing, proofreading, and censorship remains “behind the scenes”. In this case, a special typographic print intended for editing and admission for publication by the editor of the unofficial part of Tomskie Gubernskie Vedomosti that was preserved in the State Archive of Tomsk Oblast allows examining the specific forms and features of the work of the editor and the censor. A complex of textual methods was used to study the considered archival material, including semantic analysis of newspaper text, syntactic and contextual analysis, and also a historical reconstruction method. The synthesis of linguistic methods and historical analysis methods is due to the complexity of the material, which requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach. Like most documents related to the implementation of censorship in prerevolutionary Russian journalism, this print as an object of study is at the intersection of textual criticism, archival research, history, and journalism. During the study, the handwritten notes in the margins and in the very texts of the publications were deciphered; the contents of two versions of the same issue (the preliminary version with corrections, and the final printed version) were compared; the most significant corrections were analyzed from the semantic and linguistic point of view; assumptions about the reasons for the edits were made and justified. The following conclusions were drawn as a result of the study. V.A. Meyer, responsible for the unofficial part, was not a writing editor (with his own column or editorials), but an administrator with the functions of an editor, censor, and proofreader of the special typographic print, which N.G. Guselnikov, the head of the newspaper office, prepared for him. The edited publications covered all-Russian political events, political events in Tomsk and Tomsk Governorate, as well as non-political events. The edits can be grouped into the following categories: delenda (deletion of certain “extra” words, phrases, sentences, as well as whole paragraphs and entire publications); replacement certain words, sentences, and publications; correction of forms of words and their inflections; correction of typos; rearrangement of the order of publications; indication or change of the source of borrowing or the author of the publication. The censor-editor edited both articles on local topics and reprints from other newspapers despite the fact that the reprints had already been accepted for publication by other periodicals.