bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methadone versus other opioids for refractory malignant bone pain: a pilot randomised controlled study
Authors: Sulistio Merlina , Gorelik alexandra , Tee Hoong Jiun , Wojnar Robert , Kissane David , Michael Natasha
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Refractory cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) affects a patient’s functional capacity and quality of life, but there is limited evidence to guide opioid choice. We assessed the feasibility, tolerability, and possible efficacy of methadone rotation (MR) compared to other opioid rotations (OOR) in this cohort.
Methods
Adults with CIBP and worst pain intensity ≥ 4/10 and/or opioid toxicity graded ≥ 2 on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were randomised 1:1 to methadone or another opioid rotation. Standardised assessment tools were used at pre-defined study time points up to fourteen days.
Results
From 51 eligible participants, 38 (74.5%) consented, and 29 (76.3%, MR: 14, OOR: 15) completed the fourteen days follow up post opioid rotation. Both groups displayed significant reduction in average (MR: d= -1.2, p = 0.003, OOR: d= -0.8, p = 0.015) and worst pain (MR: d= -0.9, p = 0.042, OOR: d= -0.6, p = 0.048), and total pain interference score (MR: d=-1.1, p = 0.042, OOR: d=-0.7, p = 0.007). Oral morphine equivalent daily dose reduced significantly in MR compared to OOR group (d= -0.8, p = 0.05). The incidence of opioid related adverse event following MR was unchanged but lower in the OOR group (d = 0.9, 95% CI 0.1,1.7, p = 0.022). There was no within group or between group differences in satisfaction with analgesia at the end of the study.
Conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated that MR and OOR in patients with refractory CIBP are feasible, safe, and acceptable to patients. Appropriately powered multi-centre randomised controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of MR and OOR in this cohort.
Trial registration number
ACTRN12621000141842 registered 11 February 2021.
Characterization of Microbial Cellulose Generated in Fermented Moringa and Coated with Flaxseed Mucilage
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Juan Pablo , Márquez-Reyes Julia Mariana , Aguirre-Loredo Rocío Yaneli , Rodríguez-Romero Beatriz Adriana , Treviño-Garza Mayra Zulema
Published: May 2024

The fermentation of kombucha using moringa stalk infusion produced microbial cellulose discs (185 g/L) coated with flaxseed mucilage. This study carried out a physical, chemical, and antimicrobial characterization of the discs, both coated (RCD) and not coated (NCD) with flaxseed mucilage. Physical characterization indicated increased opacity, shielding, thickness, and color analysis when coated with flaxseed mucilage. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystallinity of the cellulose (94%). Chemical analysis evaluated the antioxidant capacity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests and found no differences in activity between the discs. Antimicrobial activity differed between treatments against pathogens. NCDs inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus, while RCDs inhibited Salmonella species. The results suggest that cellulose formed during the fermentation of kombucha with moringa stems can have various applications due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Deciphering the Role of the PAI_1-mBDNF Pathway in Alcohol Use Disorder: Insights into Pathogenesis and Abstinence Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Liu Shouqing , Xie Xin’e , Zhao Dandan , Jin Nini , Hu Yongwei , Wang Weiping , Luo Xiaodong , Li Gang , Yang Zhirong
Published: May 2024

The pathway of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI_1) -brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a pivotal role in the conversion of Probrain-derived neurotrophic factor (ProBDNF) to mature BDNF (mBDNF), yet its clinical relevance in patients with alcohol use disorder remains understudied (AUD). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to examine the relevant protein levels of the PAI_1-mBDNF pathway in plasma samples from three groups of subjects, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA. Our findings unveil significant alterations induced by alcohol consumption: (1) A marked decrease in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), mBDNF, and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), while significantly increasing the levels of PAI_1, ProBDNF, and P75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR), and inhibiting the conversion of ProBDNF to mBDNF. (2) Following abstinence treatment, the levels of tPA, mBDNF, and TrkB in the AUD group significantly increased, while the levels of PAI_1, ProBDNF, and P75NTR significantly decreased, promoting the conversion of ProBDNF to mBDNF. These clinical research outcomes collectively suggest that alcohol suppresses that alcohol inhibits the conversion of ProBDNF to mBDNF, while the generation of mBDNF significantly increases after abstinence treatment. The PAI_1-mBDNF cleavage pathway may be associated with alcohol use disorder and abstinence treatment.
Salinity inhibits the induction of physiological responses to Fe and K deficiency in two phylogenetically related species: Arabidopsis thaliana (glycophyte) and Cakile maritima (halophyte)
Authors: Houmani Hayet , Alcántara Esteban , Romera Francisco J. , García María J. , Pérez-Vicente Rafael , Abdelly Chedly , Lucena Carlos
Published: May 2024

Aims
Potassium (K) and iron (Fe) deficiency impedes plant growth and development. Because of the increase in soil salinization, plant challenges with nutrient availability are arisen. Thus, understanding the effect of salinity on the mechanisms involved in macro and microelement uptake is crucial.
Methods
Two kinds of experiments were used to study the interactive effect of salinity with K or Fe deficiency. In the first one, Cakile. maritima was subjected to the treatments for a longer period while in the second one, C. maritima and Arabidopsis. thaliana were subjected to similar treatments but for a shorter period.
Results
Long-term responses to salinity and their interaction with K or Fe deficiency reduced shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, generated an imbalance in nutrient status. Both deficiencies increased root ethylene production. A stimulation of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity was also recorded in Fe deficient plants. Salinity increased Na+ concentration notably in shoots, disturbs plant nutrient homeostasis, inhibits root hair proliferation and abolished the induction of FCR activity and ethylene synthesis either by K or Fe shortage. Similar results were obtained in C. maritima and A. thaliana once treatments were imposed during a shorter period with the halophyte being more tolerant. In A. thaliana, the mechanisms involved in K and Fe uptake were inhibited by high salinity.
Conclusion
Salinity inhibits the induction of several physiological and biochemical responses either by K or Fe deficiency by abolishing the main mechanisms involved in the uptake of both elements.
Acute neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients' clinical analysis of disability-related biomarkers
Authors: Zheng Xingyue , Yan Hongjing , Yin Hao , Shi Jing , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Haotian , Li Yuzhi , Liu Huakun , Zhang Lei , Yan Zhongrui , Dong Chunbo
Published: May 2024

Background: The clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) predominantly include optic neuritis and myelitis, among other symptoms. A greater level of disability during the acute phase typically suggests an unfavorable prognosis. Nevertheless, the clinical biomarkers that impact the severity of disability in NMOSD remain unclear.
Methods:We analyzed 41 NMOSD patients and 41 normal controls to identify biomarkers associated with the disease. NMOSD patients were categorized into two groups based on their Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS) score: mild to moderate disability (EDSS <4) and severe disability (EDSS ≥4). Correlation and ROC analyses were conducted on various biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin quotient(QAlb), CSF/blood immunoglobulin G quotient (QIgG), CSF/blood immunoglobulin A quotient (QIgA), CSF/blood immunoglobulin M quotient (QIgM), to identify markers linked to disability severity and confirm their independence.
Results: 1. Significant differences in blood NLR, PLR, and MLR were found between NMOSD patients and normal controls (P<0.01) in biomarker comparison analysis. 2. Significant variations in QAlb, QIgG, QIgA, QIgM, and PLR were noted between the two groups of NMOSD patients stratified by disability severity. 3. A correlation analysis revealed a positive association between QAlb, QIgG, QIgA, QIgM, PLR, and EDSS scores. 4. Levels of QAlb, QIgG, QIgA, QIgM, and PLR were found to be effective indicators of NMOSD severity in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis (P<0.01). 5. Multifactor regression analysis confirmed the independence of PLR in assessing disease severity (P<0.01).
Conclusion: 1. QAlb, QIgG, QIgA, QIgM, and PLR have demonstrated efficacy as biomarkers for assessing the severity of NMOSD; 2.PLR has shown promise as a standalone indicator for evaluating disease severity in patients with NMOSD.
Maternal adverse childhood experiences on preschoolers' executive function: the chain mediating effect of parenting stress and child maltreatment
Authors: Zha Jinhong , Li Ruoyu , He Haiyan , Fang Peifei , Huang Rongling , Wan Yuhui
Published: May 2024

Background: Previous researches found that maternal ACEs not only affect the psychological behavior of preschool children, but also have direct or indirect negative effects on the executive functions (EFs) and cognition of offspring. And, the possible social psychological mechanism between maternal ACEs and preschool children's EFs is still not clear.
Objectives：This study mainly tries to understand the association between parenting stress and child maltreatment in maternal ACEs and children's EFs through longitudinal cohorts.
Participants and Setting: Participants were 2160 preschool children and their mothers who finally completed baseline and 3 waves of follow-up.
Methods: Using a cohort study, a baseline survey of junior kindergartens was carried out in June 2021 and followed up every six months, with a total of 3 follow-ups.
Results: We found that EFs in preschoolers were significantly positively correlated with maternal ACEs, parenting stress, physical assault, psychological aggression, neglect and nonviolent discipline (r = 0.180, 0.386, 0.274, 0.302, 0.189, 0.148, respectively, P<0.01). Further, parenting stress and child maltreatment showed a chain mediating effect between maternal ACEs and EFs in preschoolers, and the total indirect effects accounted for 70.56%, 78.69%, 65.38%, and 68.07% of the total effect, respectively.
Conclusions: This study found that maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the EFs of preschool children, and parenting stress and child maltreatment are the mediating factors of their association, revealing the potential mechanism between the two associations from the perspective of social psychology.
Relationships between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3’UTR Region and COVID- 19 Disease Severity
Authors: Alyami Ahmad , Barnawi Fawziya , Christmas Steve , Alyafe Yusra , Awadalla Maaweya , Al-bayati Zaid , Mansour Lamjed
Published: May 2024

This study aims to discover how HLA-G gene variations and sHLA-G, as well as other host genetic factors, can affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case-control study, 67 Patients with COVID-19 were and 65 healthy controls were genotyped for their main functional polymorphisms in the exon 8 of the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) using sanger sequencing. Associations were assessed for five inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant and log-additive). Moreover, the levels of plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) were explored using ELISA method. Our results revealed all-main polymorphism in the 3’UTR region previously described for the HLA-G 3’UTR, namely, the 14-bp Ins/Del (rs371194629), +3003C/T (rs1707), + 3010C/G (rs1710), + 3027A/C (rs17179101), + 3035C/T (rs17179108), + 3142C/G (rs1063320), + 3187A/G (rs9380142) and + 3196C/G (rs1610696). The 14-bp INS/DEL polymorphism was strongly associated with COVID-19 symptoms development for almost all tested inheritance models (P < 0.001). Inversely, the (+3196C/G) polymorphism exhibited a protective effect against COVID-19. Three haplotypes; UTR-1, UTR-3, and UTR-5 were found associated with COVID-19 symptoms (P < 0.05), The level of HLA-G in the serum was significantly higher in COVID-19 individuals than in healthy individuals (P <0.001).These findings suggest that HLA-G gene polymorphisms in the regulatory 3’UTR region of the HLA-G gene may influence the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A deeper comprehension of host genetics could be useful in identifying high-risk individuals and in the development of better treatments or vaccinations.
Proposal of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for Mobile Robots Indoor Environments Using Petri Nets and Computer Vision
Authors: Mota Francisco Alan , Batista Josias Guimaraes , Alexandria Auzuir Ripardo
Published: May 2024

Studies in the area of mobile robotics have advanced in recent years, mainly due to the evolution of technology and the growing need for automated and dynamic solutions in sectors such as industry, transport and agriculture. These devices are complex and the ideal method for localizing, mapping and navigating autonomous mobile robots changes depending on the application. Thus, the general objective of this work is to propose a simultaneous localization and mapping method for autonomous mobile robots in indoor environments, using Computer Vision (CV) and Petri Net (PN). A landmark was placed next to each door in the analyzed region and images were acquired as the rooms in the environment were explored. The algorithm processes the images to count and identify the doors. A transition is created in the PN for each door found and the rooms connected by these doors are represented by the places in the PN. Then, one of the doors is crossed, new images are obtained and the process is repeated until all rooms are explored. The algorithm generates an PN, which can be represented by an image file (.png) and a file with the extension .pnml. The results compare the layout of four environments with the respective generated PNs. Furthermore, six evaluation criteria are proposed for validating Petri nets as a topological map of environments. It is concluded that using PN for this purpose presents originality and potential innovation, being a SLAM technique for indoor environments, which demands low computational cost.
Bridging theory and practice: International valuation standards and asset valuation in the telecommunications sector
Authors: Hayder Mohammed Shanshool Mohammed , Najem Aubdullah Al-Mashhadani Bushra
Published: May 2024

In the rapidly evolving telecommunications industry, accurate valuation of tangible assets remains a critical challenge that requires adherence to universally recognized standards. This study addresses the pressing need for transparent and precise asset valuation methodologies that are pivotal for informed investment decisions and financial reporting. It aims to bridge the theoretical and practical divide in asset valuation by applying International Valuation Standards (IVS) 300 and 400 to Asiacell Communications PJSC, a leading entity in the sector. Focusing on five key tangible assets from 2018 to 2022 – lands, buildings, plant and equipment, means of transport and transfer, and furniture and office equipment – the study employs the income approach, augmented by a random walk model for future cash flow forecasting and the weighted average cost of capital for discounting. This innovative methodology offers a comprehensive valuation framework, revealing that despite Asiacell’s consistent growth rate of 4.63%, all asset categories experienced a depreciation upon revaluation. The study’s findings underscore the significance of implementing IVS in elucidating the asset valuation process, demonstrating the potential discrepancies between book values and standards-based valuations. The application of IVS 300 and IVS 400 not only enhances the transparency and accuracy of asset valuation but also provides valuable insights into the contributions of tangible assets to future income within the prevailing market conditions. By offering a replicable model for asset valuation in dynamic industries, this study contributes to the broader discourse on financial reporting and investment analysis, setting a foundation for future exploration in the field.
Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Historical and Future Perspective
Authors: Kılınç Hatice Kübra , Keçecioğlu Ö. Fatih
Published: May 2024

The artificial intelligence field has seen a surge in development, particularly after the advancement of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) models, resulting in a diverse range of applications. The varied usage of generative models significantly enhances the importance of this domain. The primary focus of this article is the history of generative models, aiming to provide insights into how the field has evolved and to comprehend the complexities of contemporary models. The diversity in application areas and the advantages introduced by these technologies are explored in detail to facilitate a thorough understanding, with the expectation that this knowledge will expedite the emergence of new models and products. The advantages and innovative applications across sectors underscore the critical role these models play in industry. Distinguishing between traditional artificial intelligence and generative artificial intelligence, the article examines the differences. The architecture of generative models, grounded in deep learning and artificial neural networks, is compared briefly with other generative models. Lastly, the article delves into the future of artificial intelligence, addressing associated risks and proposing solutions. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of the article for new research endeavors, serving as a guiding resource for researchers navigating critical discussions in the field of generative models and artificial intelligence.
Interbasin river mapping between Californian and Turkish rivers for climate change assessment
Authors: Dogan Mustafa Sahin
Published: May 2024

A climate change assessment for streamflow availability of the selected rivers in Turkey is presented. Using an Index Basin Mapping (IBM) approach, climate change information is transferred across hydrologically similar rivers. This approach maps rivers of interest without downscaled climate information to index rivers where climate projections are available. Then, monthly perturbation ratios of index rivers, conveying projected climatic changes, are applied to the mapped rivers. Climate change effects on monthly streamflow availability and timing in eight selected rivers are evaluated under 20 scenarios produced from 10 General Circulation Models (GCMs) under medium and high emission cases. Results show that winter streamflow availability will increase due to more precipitation falling as rainfall rather than snowfall. Spring and summer streamflow availability will decrease due to reduced snowmelt runoff. Monthly streamflow variability will increase in all evaluated rivers. Out of eight selected rivers, the Çoruh, Yeşilırmak and Zamantı Rivers will be the most affected by climatic changes, with 14.6, 4.1, and 5.6% reductions in overall water availability under the high emission ensemble scenario. Overall water availability is projected increase in the Ceyhan and Göksu Rivers with climate change. Increased monthly streamflow variability can complicate water management in the region.
Avapritinib Carries the Risk of Drug Interaction via Inhibition of UDP-Glucuronyltransferase (UGT) 1A1
Authors: Lv Xin , Wang Zhen , Wang Zhe , Yin Hang , Xia Yangliu , Jiang Lili , Liu Yong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Avapritinib is the only drug for adult patients with PDGFRA exon 18 mutated unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Although avapritinib has been approved by the FDA for four years, little is known about the risk of drug-drug interac-tions (DDIs) via UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs) inhibition.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the inhibitory effects of avapritinib against UGTs and to quantitatively estimate its potential DDIs risk in vivo.

Methods:

Recombinant human UGTs were employed to catalyze the glucuronidation of sub-strates in a range of concentrations of avapritinib. The kinetics analysis was performed to evaluate the inhibition types of avapritinib against UGTs. The quantitative prediction of DDIs was done using in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE).

Results:

Avapritinib had a potent competitive inhibitory effect on UGT1A1. Quantitative predic-tion results showed that avapritinib administered at clinical doses might result in a 14.85% in-crease in area under the curve (AUC) of drugs primarily cleared by UGT1A1. Moreover, the Rgut value was calculated to be 18.44.

Conclusion:

Avapritinib has the potential to cause intestinal DDIs via the inhibition of UGT1A1. Additional attention should be paid when avapritinib is coadministered with UGT1A1 substrates.
GLP-1/GIP Agonist as an Intriguing and Ultimate Remedy for Combating
Alzheimer’s Disease through its Supporting DPP4 Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Abubakar Mohammad , Nama Lokesh , Ansari Mohammad Arif , Ansari Mohammad Mazharuddin , Bhardwaj Shivani , Daksh Rajni , Syamala Katta Leela Venkata , Jamadade Mohini Santosh , Chhabra Vishal , Kumar Dileep , Kumar Nitesh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurological illness in the
elderly, which impacted about 50 million people globally in 2020. Type 2 diabetes has been identified
as a risk factor. Insulin and incretins are substances that have various impacts on neurodegenerative
processes. Preclinical research has shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease neuroinflammation,
tau phosphorylation, amyloid deposition, synaptic function, and memory formation.
Phase 2 and 3 studies are now occurring in Alzheimer’s disease populations. In this article, we present
a detailed assessment of the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors in
Alzheimer’s disease.

Aim:

This study aimed to gain insight into how GLP-1 analogues and associated antagonists of
DPP4 safeguard against AD.

Methods:

This study uses terms from search engines, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar,
to explore the role, function, and treatment options of the GLP-1 analogue for AD.

Results:

The review suggested that GLP-1 analogues may be useful for treating AD because they
have been linked to anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective characteristics. Throughout
this review, we discuss the underlying causes of AD and how GLP signaling functions.

Conclusion:

With a focus on AD, the molecular and pharmacological effects of a few GLP-1/GIP
analogs, both synthetic and natural, as well as DPP4 inhibitors, have been mentioned, which are in
the preclinical and clinical studies. This has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in
Alzheimer's patients.
Recent Patents for Machine Vision Inspection in the Machine Tool Sector
Authors: Li Zhaolong , zhao kai
Published: May 2024

In the current modern manufacturing industry, the demand for product quality control is
increasing, as is the need for automation. However, the manual inspection may need to be noticed or
undetectable in the complex production process. To solve this phenomenon, machine vision-based
inspection of machine tools and their product features has become one of the key technologies in
intelligent manufacturing. The basic principle of machine tool machine vision inspection is to
transmit the object to be inspected to the computer through efficient image acquisition. Then, image
processing or deep learning algorithms classify, locate, segment, and process the features of the
thing. Finally, the computer makes the judgment of whether it is qualified. According to recent numerical
analysis data, compared with traditional methods, machine tool machine vision inspection
can improve the inspection efficiency by 30%, and the accuracy has reached 98%, much higher than
manual inspection accuracy. This study provides an in-depth review of representative patents and
machine tool vision inspectionpatents , and it comprehensively summarizes the research results from
various dimensions in recent year. In the past five years, the average annual growth rate of machine
tool vision inspection technology has reached 15%, showing the rapid development momentum of
this field. The research content mainly focuses on designing vision detection structures, algorithm
optimization designs, and personalized solutions for object differences.
Antidepressant Effect of Vincamine, Melatonin and their
Combination in Experimental Rat Models of Depression
Authors: Bee Rizwana , Ahmad Mohammad , Verma Shashi , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Budruddeen  , Akhtar Juber , Patel Mayank
Published: May 2024

Background:

Depression, a form of mood illness, is characterized by a lack of
or diminished social life, melancholy, and symptoms linked to an uplifted or depressed
mood. Vincamine and Melatonin combination may prove beneficial for treating depression
because vincamine and melatonin have already been reported in the treatment of dementia.
Dementia is a CNS disorder which is connected to the level of neurotransmitters at the
synaptic cleft, which is similar to depression that is why it might be effective in the treatment
of depression.

Aim:

The aim of this research is to conduct an experimental study on the antidepressant
activity of Vincamine alone and along with Melatonin and comparison with standard antidepressant
drugs.

Method:

In this study, all animals are trained for the experiment, and then animals are divided
into groups according to the treatment protocol. Animals were placed for the rest for
1 week. Vincamine and melatonin were administered to the treated groups on days 8 and
21 for the behavioral analysis using different kinds of models like elevated plus maze,
forced swim test, open field test and sucrose preference test. Animals were sacrificed at
day 22 for the estimation of biochemical (SOD) and neurotransmitters (Serotonin, Norepinephrine
and Dopamine).

Results:

After extensive investigation, it has been established that Vincamine, alone and in
combination with Melatonin, is beneficial in treating depression. Positive results are obtained.
The group treated with Vincamine taken per oral route ((10 mg/kg), Melatonin (10
mg/kg), Vincamine + Melatonin (10 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg) and std (10 mg/kg) treatment
showed significant result which are followed as for all groups (a) p < 0.0001 vs. NC; (b) p
< 0.0001 vs. disease control; (c) p < 0.05 vs. Std (10 mg/kg); (d) p < 0.001V vs. M (10
mg/kg); (e) p < 0.0090 vs. V+M (10 mg/kg+10 mg/kg). It was demonstrated by a number
of behavioral (elevated plus maze, forced swim test, open field test, and sucrose preference
test) and biochemical parameters (estimation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine,
and dopamine). Vincamine alone and in combination with Melatonin demonstrated
positive results (p < 0.0001) in the evaluation of the SOD antioxidant defence system.
Also, it significantly attenuated the alteration in locomotor activity, oxidative stress
and neurotransmitters in rat brain.

Conclusion:

It has been concluded that vincamine alone and along with melatonin is effective
for the treatment of depression on the basis of behavioural and biochemical parameters.
That’s why it might be useful for the future prospect.
Production and Chemical Characterization of Silage from Saccharine Sorghum Fertirrigated with Sugarcane Vinasse
Authors: Correia Arlindo Fabrício , Godoy Antonio Cesar , Scardua Marcos Paiva , Oxford Jarred H. , de Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello , Fukumoto Nelson , Feiden Armin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Distillery vinasse is one of the promising bio-fertilizers, as it contains significant amounts of essential chemical elements, allied with sorghum that is widely used in the diet of ruminant animals and has been considered as an alternative to the production of other cereals or forages. This study aimed to evaluate saccharin sorghum silage from fertilization with vinasse.

Methods:

The research was conducted using the BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342 geno-types. The silage was held for 170 days after sowing, with experimental design in blocks with triple factorial (genotypes x fertilization x inoculation) totaling 54 installments. At 95 days, the silos were opened for sample collection and analysis bromatological analysis.

Results:

The results indicate the primary source of variation was genotype, characterizing them with different potentials in productivity and better results for BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342. The bromatological results indicate good quality for CR-1339 and CR-1342 hybrids, however, better digestability for BRS-511. There was no observable difference between the factors of fertilization. The inoculation additive assists in the reduction of lignin appears to be high. PCA analysis showed differences between cultivars (BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342) and fertili-zation. However, the PCAs showed the genotypes show similar results with conventional ferti-lization and sugarcane vinasse.

Conclusion:

The study reflected the possibility of producing sweet sorghum silage with soil sugarcane vinasse fertilization as fertilizer.
Una Una nueva Asclepias (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) de la Sierra Gorda, Guanajuato-Querétaro, México
Authors: Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Islas-Hernández Carla Sofía
Published: May 2024

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Asclepias es un grupo de alta diversidad dentro de Apocynaceae, con 78 especies en México, siendo el taxón más diverso de la familia en este país. Debido a su compleja morfología y similitudes en los caracteres florales, algunos taxones han sido erróneamente identificados. En el presente trabajo se describe una nueva especie para el género. Métodos: Se colectaron individuos en la Sierra Gorda que no se pudieron asignar a especies conocidas. Se revisaron herbarios nacionales y extranjeros, bases de datos digitales y literatura especializada, para comparar los especímenes colectados con especies similares. Se realizaron expediciones a campo en 2018 y 2023 para la recolecta y monitoreo de la fenología de la especie de interés. Se planteó como hipótesis explicativa el concepto cohesivo de especie para el reconocimiento de los taxones aquí tratados. El estado de conservación se asignó siguiendo los criterios de la IUCN. Resultados: Se describe una nueva especie de Asclepias, conocida en los estados de Guanajuato y Querétaro, que se distribuye en bosque de pino, de encino y mesófilo. Se diferencia de especies similares por su corona ginostegial con capuchones campanulados de base redondeada, cornículos lineares a linear-lanceolados surgiendo de la base del capuchón. Se incluyen láminas fotográficas y un mapa de distribución, una clave dicotómica con las especies similares, así como las distribuidas en los estados de Guanajuato y Querétaro. Con base en su área de distribución reducida y hábitat impactado, se considera una especie en peligro de acuerdo con los criterios de la IUCN. Conclusiones: En México, Asclepias alcanza 79 especies, reafirmando al país como un centro de diversidad para el género. La nueva especie forma un grupo morfológicamente complejo con las especies aquí comparadas, por lo que había pasado desapercibida e identificada erróneamente. La revisión detallada de la morfología permitió sugerir estas plantas como una hipótesis de especie diferente del resto.
Integrating e-Portfolios into L2 Classrooms
Authors: Lam Ricky
Published: May 2024

This book explains both the theory and practice of e-Portfolio pedagogy and assessment in second and foreign language classroom contexts. In addition to providing new insights for scholars of language pedagogy, the book equips language teachers with the practical knowledge and skills they need to use the e-Portfolio approach in their classrooms.
Cancer Narrative with a Difference: Elaine Feeney΄s ‘As You Were’
Authors: Feldman-Kołodziejuk Ewelina
Published: May 2024

Elaine Feeney΄s novel As You Were offers the story of a terminal cancer patient who forsakes any medical treatment. Narrating the final moments of her protagonist’s life, the author breaks with the traditional cancer novel formula in which a bellicose stance is prescriptive. Instead, the heroine’s stay at a hospital ward with other female patients constitutes Feeney΄s point of departure for writing a state-of-the-nation novel. The article discusses how the merging of different literary traditions, such as cancer narrative, literature of witness, or experimental fiction, allows the author to paint a poignant picture of Irish society, in which women, whose rights were historically curbed, empower each other through telling their life stories as well as reclaiming the life tales of their lost sisters. The analysis focuses on metaphors and narrative strategies that customarily underpin cancer stories and which can be identified in the novel. Secondly, the subversion of the cancer narrative is taken under scrutiny to demonstrate the experimental character of Feeney΄s novel. Subsequently, the ethical dimension of storytelling is given critical attention and the work’s status as a state-of-the-nation novel is elaborated on.
Existentialist Motifs of Alienation and Death in McCarthy’s ‘Border Trilogy’
Authors: Kachur Iryna
Published: May 2024

The article closely reads Cormac McCarthy’s Border Trilogy in light of the existentialist motifs of alienation and death. The aim of the study is to analyse the literary representation of these motifs in the trilogy. The applied methodology involves close reading, which facilitates identifying the motifs of death and alienation in the novels; character analysis, focused on exploring the main characters’ experiences of death and alienation; and comparative analysis, which is used to compare the representation of the existentialist motifs in the novels. The study reveals that in The Border Trilogy, the existentialist motif of alienation manifests itself through the desire of the main characters to free themselves from social conventions and to mend the wrongness of the world they live in. This motif takes forms of madness, alienation from other characters, and isolation from society. The protagonists, looking for their place in the world, face hardships, encounter resistance, and therefore constantly feel estrangement. In the novels, the existentialist motif of death serves for a better understanding of human nature and is one of the driving forces of the protagonists’ existence. This motif manifests itself through blood and bones, dreams, natural and violent deaths, the extermination of nature, and the disappearance of established traditions. Symbolising the end of existence, death prompts the main characters to search for the purpose of their lives and strive for authenticity.
The Portrayal of the Polish-Lithuanian Peasantry in the Memoir Accounts of British Travelers (1764-1795)
Authors: Nieroda Łukasz
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the descriptions of Polish-Lithuanian peasants found in travel literature penned by British visitors to Poland during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski. It aims to present the literary image of peasantry and comment on the Britons’ attitude towards the problems they faced. The authors whose works are analyzed are William Coxe (historian and tutor), John Lind (associate of a Polish king), Nathaniel Wraxall (traveler and ex-merchant), James Harris (a future diplomat), Joseph Marshall (a mysterious figure, probably a merchant) and John Williams. Villagers are generally described as miserable human beings struggling with poverty, cruelly exploited by their lords in a condition resembling slavery. The authors’ attitude is sympathetic to the difficulties of peasant lives. Britons appreciated attempts to extricate them from their plight in the belief that emancipation was ethically desirable and would render their work more productive.
Comparison of BTES modelling approaches in an energy system model: inaccuracies in BTES model results have limited impact on total seasonal performance factor
Authors: Harsem Trond Thorgeir , Kocbach Jan , Kvalsvik Karoline H.
Published: May 2024

Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) has reduced energy usage by supplying large portions of the heating and cooling demands in buildings and industry. System modeling is used for design and preliminary assessment of expected savings from a BTES investment. The present study shows that inaccuracies in BTES model results or replacing the BTES model with a computationally less demanding model with deviating results has a small impact on system-level parameters such as the total Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF\(_{\text{total}}\)). Here, a BTES model requiring relatively low computational effort is presented and compared to a well-established model based on g-functions. The presented model applies connected thermal masses and resistances and assumes an average behavior of all boreholes. An example case of a hospital building is simulated with the building performance simulation tool VKB-sim, using the two different BTES models. In addition, changes in ground parameters of up to 30% and borefield configuration are considered. In the energy system model, SPF\(_{\text{total}}\) differs by only a few percent even when there are large deviations in results from the BTES model alone. Hence, the computational effort may be reduced if the aim is estimation of overall system performance or savings.
Combined thermal response test and coupon test to anticipate clogging issues in standing column wells
Authors: Cerclet Léo , Beaudry Gabrielle , Pasquier Philippe
Published: May 2024

Standing column wells use groundwater as the heat carrier fluid and are therefore susceptible to different clogging processes that can vary depending on the hydrogeological and geochemical conditions of the subsurface. In order to anticipate the nature and potential risk of clogging within the operational framework of a ground heat exchanger, this work proposes a new approach including a deposition cell containing coupons made of materials commonly used in HVAC applications in a thermal response test unit. A demonstration was performed in a standing column well to assess the efficiency of the proposed method. The coupon test unveiled a tendency towards iron precipitation and the development of iron-oxidizing bacteria, which was in accordance with the results of a more conventional groundwater analysis. Nonetheless, an advanced analysis of the coupons conducted with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy also highlighted the higher vulnerability of 304 stainless steel to iron-related bacterial growth, compared with HDPE or copper. Moreover, it also allowed the identification of the interaction between bacteria and sediment deposition on the stainless steel coupon.
Injury reducing effect of GSHP-heated pedestrian paths
Authors: Amin Khabat , Adl-Zarrabi Bijan , Andersson Olof , Kovaceva Jordanka , Andersson Marianne , Sawaya Beshara , Nilson Finn , Carlsson Anna
Published: May 2024

In Sweden, pedestrian falls during wintertime due to slipping on ice and snow pose a costly and growing problem. Utilizing data on pedestrian falls from four Swedish cities, the study examined the injury-reducing effect of heated surfaces. The results suggest that heated surfaces significantly reduce injuries, particularly in cities with higher occurrences of ice and snow. Presently, district heating serves as the primary heat source, albeit at rising costs. Transitioning to Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems could substantially lower costs, thereby ensuring the continued use and expansion of heated pedestrian paths.
Multimodal Measurement of Apoptosis -- Integration of Biosensing, Imaging, and Analysis
Authors: Chen Boyang , Butt Daniel , Cross Stephen , Kiely Janice , Achim Alin , Luxton Richard , Verkade Paul
Published: May 2024

Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death. Currently, the
established methods for apoptosis detection include observation of cell
morphology and probing of DNA fragmentation. These methods focus on the
detection of changes that occur later in the apoptotic process.
Nevertheless, detection of apoptosis at the early stages, prior to gross
morphological changes, is critical for understanding the entire
apoptotic pathway and for providing the possibility to intervene and
enhance longevity and productivity of cell cultures used to produce
biologicals. A group of proteases known as caspases act together in a
cascade to cleave proteins at aspartic acid residues. This proteolytic
cascade amplifies the apoptotic signalling pathway and thus leads to
rapid cell death. In this paper, an impedance spectroscopy technique
using non-Faradaic measurement of caspase-9 was combined with
fluorescence-based light microscopy including an associated macro-based
image analysis suite for ImageJ in a multimodal approach. Whereas the
biosensor measurements provide a cell population overview, the
microscopic analysis provides individual cell analysis. Combined, these
approaches allowed us to detect cells in the early stages of apoptosis
in the cell population. We believe these complementary methods will
allow us to follow the progression of apoptosis in cells more accurately
and give us a handle to intervene at early stages of apoptosis.
Characterizing Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Lackner Christian Philipp , Geerts Bart , Juliano Timothy W , Kosovic Branko , Xue Lulin
Published: May 2024

During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over
warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or
closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) at larger fetch over open
water. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment
(COMBLE) provided a comprehensive set of ground-based in-situ and remote
sensing observations of MCAOs at a coastal location in northern Norway.
MCAO periods that unambiguously exhibit open or closed MCC are
determined. Individual cells observed with a profiling Ka-band radar are
identified using a watershed segmentation method. Using self-organizing
maps (SOMs), these cells are then objectively classified based on the
variability in their vertical structure. The SOM nodes contain some
information about the location of the cell transect relative to the
center of the MCC. This adds classification noise, requiring numerous
cell transects to isolate cell dynamical information. The SOM-based
classification shows that comparatively intense convection occurs only
in open MCC. This convection undergoes an apparent lifecycle. Developing
cells are associated with stronger updrafts, large spectrum width,
larger amounts of liquid water, lower surface precipitation rates, and
lower cloud tops than mature and weakening cells. The weakening of these
cells is associated with the development of precipitation-induced cold
pools. The SOM classification also reveals less intense convection, with
a similar lifecycle. More stratiform vertical cloud structures with weak
vertical motions are common during closed MCC periods and are separated
into precipitating and non-precipitating stratiform cores. Convection is
observed only occasionally in the closed MCC environment.
Performance analysis of ECMM using saw, critic and ANN methods
Authors: Palaniswamy Venugopal , Peyyala Anusha , Paramasivam Prabhu , Veeranjaneyulu Itha
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) finds application in various industries
especially in surface finishing process in aerospace industries. In this
research the workpiece made from aluminum scrap metal matrix reinforced with
alumina is subjected to wear, surface profile and machinability studies. To
analysis the ECMM performance simple additive weighting (SAW) CRiteria
Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) was used. The wear studies show that at high loads the height
wear loss is less and frictional force is more. The L18 mixed orthogonal
array experiments was conducted and analysis of experiments shows that the
most crucial parameter values for high MRR and low OC are 28g/lit
NaNO3+0.05M HNO3, 10 V, and 80% duty cycle. The weight values of the
performance metrics obtained using SAW method are 0.549 and 0.45. The
optimal output performance predicted by ANN is MRR of 0.520 ?m/sec and OC of
23.8 ?m.
Cyclic codes of length 5ps over Fpm + uFpm and their duals
Authors: Dinh Hai , Nguyen Bac , Tansuchat Roengchai , Thi Hiep
Published: May 2024

For an odd prime p ? 5, the structures of cyclic codes of length 5ps over R
= Fpm + uFpm (u2 = 0) are completely determined. Cyclic codes of length 5ps
over R are considered in 3 cases, namely, p ? 1 (mod 5), p ? 4 (mod 5), p ?
2 or 3 (mod 5). When p ? 1 (mod 5), a cyclic code of length 5ps over R can
be expressed as a direct sum of a cyclic code and ?ps i -constacyclic codes
of length ps over R, where ?ps i = ?i(pm?1)ps/10, i = 1,3,7,9. When p ?
4 (mod 5), it is equivalent to pm ? 1 (mod 5) when m is even and pm ? 4 (mod
5) when m is odd. If pm ? 1 (mod 5) when m is even, then a cyclic code of
length 5ps over R can be obtained as a direct sum of a cyclic code and ?ps i
-constacyclic codes of length ps over R, where ?psi = ?i(pm?1)ps/10, i =
1,3,7,9. If pm ?/ 4 (mod 5) when m is odd, then a cyclic code of length
5ps over R can be expressed as a direct sum of a cyclic code of length ps
over R and an ?1 and ?2-constacyclic code of length 2ps over R, for some ?1,
?2 ? Fpm\{0}. If p ? 2 or 3 (mod 5) such that pm ?/ 1 (mod 5), then a
cyclic code of length 5ps over R can be expressed as C1 ? C2, where C1 is an
ideal of R[x]/?xps?1? and C2 is an ideal of R[x]/(x4+x3+x2+x+1)ps ?. We
also investigate all ideals of R[x]/?(x4+x3+x2+x+1)ps ? to study detail
structure of a cyclic code of length 5ps over R. In addition, dual codes of
all cyclic codes of length 5ps over R are also given. Furthermore, we give
the number of codewords in each of those cyclic codes of length 5ps over R.
As cyclic and negacyclic codes of length 5ps over R are in a one-by-one
equivalent via the ring isomorphism x ? ?x, all our results for cyclic
codes hold true accordingly to negacyclic codes.