bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job Insecurity as a Predictor of Physiological Indicators of Health in Healthy Working Women: An Extension of Previous Research
Authors: Näswall Katharina , Lindfors Petra , Sverke Magnus
Published: December 2011

Job insecurity has been linked to different negative outcomes, such as negative work attitudes and health problems, with most studies including self‐reported outcomes. Extending earlier research, the present study includes both self‐reported and physiological indicators of health and sets out to investigate whether higher levels of job insecurity are related to higher levels of allostatic load, higher levels of morning cortisol, more physician‐diagnosed symptoms of ill‐health and poorer self‐rated health. The study also investigated whether self‐rated health mediated the relation between job insecurity and physiological outcomes. This was cross‐sectionally studied in a cohort of Swedish women who participated in a large‐scale longitudinal study focusing on life span development and adaptation. The results showed that job insecurity was related to self‐rated health and morning cortisol, and, contrary to expectations, that job insecurity was unrelated to allostatic load and physician ratings, both directly and indirectly. The results indicate that, in healthy working women, job insecurity may be less detrimental to long‐term physiological health than originally hypothesized. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layer‐by‐Layer Formation of Block‐Copolymer‐Derived TiO2 for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Guldin Stefan , Docampo Pablo , Stefik Morgan , Kamita Gen , Wiesner Ulrich , Snaith Henry J. , Steiner Ullrich
Published: December 2011

Morphology control on the 10 nm length scale in mesoporous TiO2 films is crucial for the manufacture of high‐performance dye‐sensitized solar cells. While the combination of block‐copolymer self‐assembly with sol–gel chemistry yields good results for very thin films, the shrinkage during the film manufacture typically prevents the build‐up of sufficiently thick layers to enable optimum solar cell operation. Here, a study on the temporal evolution of block‐copolymer‐directed mesoporous TiO2 films during annealing and calcination is presented. The in‐situ investigation of the shrinkage process enables the establishment of a simple and fast protocol for the fabrication of thicker films. When used as photoanodes in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells, the mesoporous networks exhibit significantly enhanced transport and collection rates compared to the state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticle‐based devices. As a consequence of the increased film thickness, power conversion efficiencies above 4% are reached.
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa fluid collections
Authors: Gandolfi Colleoni G. , Contro E. , Carletti A. , Ghi T. , Campobasso G. , Rembouskos G. , Volpe G. , Pilu G. , Volpe P.
Published: December 2011

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of fetal imaging in differentiating between diagnoses involving posterior fossa fluid collections and to investigate the postnatal outcome of affected infants.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of fetuses with posterior fossa fluid collections, carried out between 2001 and 2010 in two referral centers for prenatal diagnosis. All fetuses underwent multiplanar neurosonography. Parents were also offered fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and karyotyping. Prenatal diagnosis was compared with autopsy or postnatal MRI findings and detailed follow‐up was attempted by consultation of medical records and interview with parents and pediatricians.

Results

During the study period, 105 fetuses were examined, at a mean gestational age of 24 (range, 17–28) weeks. Sonographic diagnoses (Blake's pouch cyst, n = 32; megacisterna magna, n = 27; Dandy–Walker malformation, n = 26; vermian hypoplasia, n = 17; cerebellar hypoplasia, n = 2; arachnoid cyst, n = 1) were accurate in 88% of the 65 cases in which confirmation was possible. MRI proved more informative than ultrasound in only 1/51 cases. Anatomic anomalies and/or chromosomal aberrations were found in 43% of cases. Blake's pouch cysts and megacisterna magna underwent spontaneous resolution in utero in one third of cases and over 90% of survivors without associated anomalies had normal developmental outcome at 1–5 years. Isolated Dandy–Walker malformation and vermian hypoplasia were associated with normal developmental outcome in only 50% of cases.

Conclusion

Prenatal neurosonography and MRI are similarly accurate in the categorization of posterior fossa fluid collections from mid gestation. Blake's pouch cyst and megacisterna magna are risk factors for associated anomalies but when isolated have an excellent prognosis, with a high probability of intrauterine resolution and normal intellectual development in almost all cases. Conversely, Dandy–Walker malformation and vermian hypoplasia, even when they appear isolated antenatally, are associated with an abnormal outcome in half of cases. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound is the optimal choice for guidance in difficult hysteroscopy
Authors: Kresowik J. D. , Syrop C. H. , Van Voorhis B. J. , Ryan G. L.
Published: December 2011

Objectives

To compare costs and complications associated with ultrasound‐guided hysteroscopy vs laparoscopy‐guided hysteroscopy vs hysteroscopy alone for the surgical repair of intrauterine septa and synechiae.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Charts of all patients undergoing reparative surgery for intrauterine synechiae or uterine septa at our academic institution between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. A total of 159 procedures were included in the study, categorized into concurrent laparoscopic guidance (n = 69), ultrasound guidance (n = 52) or no guidance (n = 38). Data regarding billing, surgical case logs and complications were collected for these procedures. Using these data, complication rates and inflation‐adjusted charges were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and Student's t‐test, as appropriate.

Results

A uterine perforation rate of 8.7% was observed with laparoscopic guidance vs 1.9% with ultrasound guidance (P = 0.12) and 5.3% with no guidance (P = 0.41). Analysis of billing data showed that average total costs were significantly less for ultrasound guidance than for laparoscopic guidance ($9124 vs $11 895, P < 0.001). Ultrasound guidance did not increase costs over hysteroscopy alone ($9124 vs $8242, P = 0.54).

Conclusion

Real‐time transabdominal ultrasound guidance during the resection of intrauterine synechiae or septa resulted in a trend towards reduced uterine perforation. Moreover, ultrasound guidance is less costly than laparoscopic guidance and adds no additional cost over hysteroscopy alone. Taken together, transabdominal ultrasound guidance is the optimal means of intraoperative guidance for the resection of uterine synechiae and septa. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static Progressive Orthoses for the Upper Extremity: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Schwartz Deborah A.
Published: December 2011

Background

Static progressive orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of stiff joints or joint contractures of the upper extremity, but there are few high-quality studies to support this intervention. In addition, there has not been a recently published review of the current literature describing this treatment technique and the outcomes achieved. The specific purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to investigate the current levels of evidence supporting the use of static progressive orthoses in the treatment of joint stiffness or contracture in clients with orthopedic conditions of the upper extremity. This review will also discuss common diagnoses of patients and outcomes achieved, as well as provide recommendations for future hand therapy practice.

Methods

A computerized database search of publications incorporating the use of static progressive orthoses for the upper extremity was conducted, dating from January 1979 through January of 2011. The search was limited to studies in English of adults with orthopedic conditions.

Results

A total of 65 publications were located. However, only 16 of these studies met this review's inclusion criteria of level 4 evidence or above. Each of the articles was critically appraised using the Structured Effectiveness for Quality Evaluation of Study (SEQES) and the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Level of Evidence. Total SEQES scores ranged from 17 to 39. The majority of the studies are level 4 evidence.

Conclusions

Although the overall level of evidence is low, the inclusion of static progressive orthoses as an intervention appears to result in positive outcomes, including increased active range of motion, increased grip strength, improved DASH scores, and improved patient satisfaction as well as reduced pain medications during orthotic intervention. The current evidence supports static progressive orthoses as an intervention for patients with upper extremity joint stiffness or contractures due to orthopedic conditions.
I'll Think of Something: Improvisation in Small Church Service Programs
Authors: Kapp Deborah J.
Published: December 2011

This paper examines the improvisation practiced by leaders in three emergency feeding programs on the south side of Chicago. It contributes to the theoretical understanding of religious leadership. Scholars recognize that religious leadership is improvisational, but little research has been done about how and when leaders improvise. This paper demonstrates that leaders in these feeding programs innovate frequently, but it argues that they do so in a limited way. Unlike improvisers in music, theater, or business, who innovate to increase variability, these kitchen improvisers exercise creativity in order to lessen variability and produce predictable results. The paper identifies the structural factors that promote and inhibit improvisation. It argues that space for improvisation is constructed by human need, institutional mission, and supply uncertainty, but that space for innovation is simultaneously limited by organizational expectations and the structure of volunteer labor. The paper suggests that the structural factors limiting improvisation in these programs also limits creativity in other areas of church work.
Theory and Progress in Social Science
Authors: Rule James B.
Published: December 2011

This work, sequel to the author's Theories of Civil Violence, attacks questions that have long troubled social science and social scientists - questions of the cumulative nature of social inquiry. Does the knowledge generated by the study of social, political, and economic life grow more comprehensive over time? These questions go to the heart of social scientists' soul-searching as to whether they are indeed engaged in 'science'. The author pursues these questions through in-depth examination of various theoretical programs currently influential in social science, including feminist social science, rational choice theory, network analysis and others.
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Carlyle Thomas
Published: December 2011

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was one of the most influential authors of the nineteenth century. Eagerly studied at the highest level of intellectual society, his satirical essays and perceptive historical biographies caused him to be regarded for much of the Victorian period as a literary genius and eminent social philosopher. After graduating from Edinburgh University in 1814, he published his first scholarly work on German literature in 1824, before finding literary success with his history of the French Revolution in 1837. After falling from favour during the first part of the twentieth century, his work has more recently become the subject of scholarly re-examination. His introduction of German literature and philosophy into the British intellectual milieu profoundly influenced later philosophical ideas and literary studies. These volumes are reproduced from the 1896 Centenary Edition of his collected works. Volume 21 contains the first volume of his translations of German romances.
The Collected Mathematical Papers
Authors: Cayley Arthur
Published: December 2011

Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a key figure in the creation of modern algebra. He studied mathematics at Cambridge and published three papers while still an undergraduate. He then qualified as a lawyer and published about 250 mathematical papers during his fourteen years at the Bar. In 1863 he took a significant salary cut to become the first Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge, where he continued to publish at a phenomenal rate on nearly every aspect of the subject, his most important work being in matrices, geometry and abstract groups. In 1883 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of his Collected Papers - 967 papers in 13 volumes plus an index volume - began in 1889 and was completed after his death under the editorship of his successor in the Sadleirian Chair. This volume contains 69 papers published mostly between 1866 and 1872.
A Hundred Wonders of the Modern World and of the Three Kingdoms of Nature
Authors: Clarke C. C.
Published: December 2011

Sir Richard Phillips (1767–1840) was a London-born author and publisher of educational textbooks who used a vast array of pseudonyms, including that of Reverend C. C. Clarke. Phillips' marketing techniques - the systematic borrowing of famous (living or deceased) authors' names for his textbooks, along with the multiplication of easy to produce related educational products - were key to his success. No doubt meant as an accessible encyclopaedia, this 40th edition of 1834 - attributed to Phillips himself - is a surprisingly vast and heterogeneous survey, which compiles natural and man-made curiosities across the world. The Himalayas and Mont Blanc share a chapter with the Peak of Derbyshire; famous rivers lead to mysterious subterranean forests; and Stonehenge is closely followed by St Paul's cathedral. Halfway between reference book and textbook, this richly illustrated volume is a fascinating catalogue of the world's wonders as perceived in the early nineteenth century.
The History of the English Electoral Law in the Middle Ages
Authors: Riess Ludwig
Published: December 2011

The introduction, during the Middle Ages, of a representative system into English political life, was an event of great historical significance, and has since been central to academic debate. Written by Ludwig Riess (1861–1928), an eminent twentieth-century historian, this pioneering account of the medieval English electorate profoundly influenced the study of English constitutional history, as it questioned the fundamental assumptions of the scholarship that preceded it. First published in German in 1885, it critically evaluated the aims of the elected representatives, and re-assessed the general electoral regulations of the period. In so doing, it provided new solutions to some problems encountered by previous scholars, such as defining parliamentary boroughs, and accounting for the rise of a national representative assembly. First translated into English in 1940 by K. L. Wood-Legh, this controversial and seminal work remains highly relevant to legal scholars and historians today.
Greening EU Competition Law and Policy
Authors: Kingston Suzanne
Published: December 2011

One of the fundamental challenges currently facing the EU is that of reconciling its economic and environmental policies. Nevertheless, the role of environmental protection in EU competition law and policy has often been overlooked. Recent years have witnessed a shift in environmental regulation from reliance on command and control to an increased use of market-based environmental policy instruments such as environmental taxes, green subsidies, emissions trading and the encouragement of voluntary corporate green initiatives. By bringing the market into environmental policy, such instruments raise a host of issues that competition law must address. This interdisciplinary treatment of the interaction between these key EU policy areas challenges the view that EU competition policy is a special case, insulated from environmental concerns by the overriding efficiency imperative, and puts forward practical proposals for achieving genuine integration.
The Existence of Evil Spirits Proved
Authors: Scott Walter
Published: December 2011

Walter Scott (1779–1858), President and Theological Tutor at Airedale College in Bradford, delivered a series of lectures on the occult at the Congregational Library, London, in 1841. This 1843 volume is a collection of Scott's lectures, in which he employs scriptural and testimonial evidence to support his claim that evil spirits exist. Scott describes the character and behaviour of evil spirits and the methods they employ to contact and influence humans; for example witchcraft, divination, possession and temptation. Scott draws on Jewish and ancient Egyptian literature, as well as accounts of the oracles of classical antiquity to illustrate his thesis, as well as numerous anecdotes from famous cases like the Salem witch trials. A passionate and colourful example of non-conformist Christian thought on the occult, and on the significance of what Scott explains are 'fallen angels who were transformed by their own wilful rebellion and apostasy into demons'.
Mendelssohn, Time and Memory
Authors: Taylor Benedict
Published: December 2011

Felix Mendelssohn has long been viewed as one of the most historically minded composers in western music. This book explores the conceptions of time, memory and history found in his instrumental compositions, presenting an intriguing new perspective on his ever-popular music. Focusing on Mendelssohn's innovative development of cyclic form, Taylor investigates how the composer was influenced by the aesthetic and philosophical movements of the period. This is of key importance not only for reconsideration of Mendelssohn's work and its position in nineteenth-century culture, but also more generally concerning the relationship between music, time and subjectivity. One of very few detailed accounts of Mendelssohn's music, the study presents a new and provocative reading of the meaning of the composer's work by connecting it to wider cultural and philosophical ideas.
The Young Derrida and French Philosophy, 1945–1968
Authors: Baring Edward
Published: December 2011

In this powerful study Edward Baring sheds fresh light on Jacques Derrida, one of the most influential yet controversial intellectuals of the twentieth century. Reading Derrida from a historical perspective and drawing on new archival sources, The Young Derrida and French Philosophy shows how Derrida's thought arose in the closely contested space of post-war French intellectual life, developing in response to Sartrian existentialism, religious philosophy and the structuralism that found its base at the École Normale Supérieure. In a history of the philosophical movements and academic institutions of post-war France, Baring paints a portrait of a community caught between humanism and anti-humanism, providing a radically new interpretation of the genesis of deconstruction and of one of the most vibrant intellectual moments of modern times.
AIDS, Politics, and Music in South Africa
Authors: McNeill Fraser G.
Published: December 2011

This book offers an original anthropological approach to the AIDS epidemic in South Africa, demonstrating why AIDS interventions in the former homeland of Venda have failed - and possibly even been counterproductive. It does so through a series of ethnographic encounters, from kings to condoms, which expose the ways in which biomedical understanding of the virus have been rejected by - and incorporated into - local understandings of health, illness, sex and death. Through the songs of female initiation, AIDS education and wandering minstrels, the book argues that music is central to understanding how AIDS interventions operate. This book elucidates a hidden world of meaning in which people sing about what they cannot talk about, where educators are blamed for spreading the virus, and in which condoms are often thought to cause AIDS. The policy implications are clear: African worldviews must be taken seriously if AIDS interventions in Africa are to become successful.
Ethics, Theory and the Novel
Authors: Parker David
Published: December 2011

The virtual suppression of explicit ethical and evaluative discourse by current literary theory can be seen as the momentary triumph of a sceptical post Enlightenment reflective tradition over others vital to a full account of human and literary worth. In Ethics, Theory and the Novel, David Parker brings together recent developments in moral philosophy and literary theory. He questions many currently influential movements in literary criticism, showing that their silences about ethics are as damaging as the political silences of Leavisism and New Criticism in the 1950s and 1960s. He goes on to examine Middlemarch, Anna Karenina, and three novels by D. H. Lawrence, and explores the consequences for major literary works of the suppression of either the Judeo-Christian or the Romantic-expressivist ethical traditions. Where any one tradition becomes a master-narrative, he argues, imaginative literature ceases to have the deepest interest and relevance for us.
The Benefits of Subsidized Housing Programs
Authors: Hammond Claire Holton
Published: December 2011

Rental housing subsidy programmes have been an important part of the American welfare system since the 1930s. The Benefits of Subsidized Housing Programs: An Intertemporal Approach is an empirical study of the distributive effects of the entire system of rental housing subsidies for lower-income households based on a national sample. Using the 1977 Annual Housing Survey, Professor Hammond has evaluated the benefits of all federal, state and local government rental housing subsidy programmes taken as a whole across the nation. Additionally, she has estimated the changes in consumption patterns resulting from these programmes and the relationship between household benefit and household income; household size; age, education, sex, and race of the head of the household; and the geographic location of the household.
The Midrashic Process
Authors: Jacobs Irving
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this book is to re-examine those basic issues in the study of Midrash which to some extent have been marginalised by trends in scholarship and research. Irving Jacobs asks, for example, whether the early rabbinic exegetes had a concept of peshat, plain meaning, and, if so, what significance they attached to it in their exposition of the biblical text. He enquires if the selection of proemial and proof-texts was a random one, dependent purely upon the art or whim of the preacher, or rather if exegetical traditions linked certain pentateuchal themes with specific sections of the Prophets (and particularly the Hagiographa), which were acknowledged by preachers and audiences alike. As Midrash in its original, pre-literary form, was a living process involving both live preachers and live audiences in the ancient synagogues of the Holy Land, to what extent, he asks, did the latter influence the former in the development of their art and skills?
The United Nations System
Authors: Hill Martin
Published: December 2011

This book is about a problem that had moved to the centre of international concern when it was first published in 1978 - how the UN System was to cope with the overwhelming volume of world wide economic and social tasks that had been placed upon it. The UN System comprises, in addition to the UN Organization itself, the Specialized Agencies like FAO, WHO and the World Bank, the regional commissions, the innumerable semi-independent programmes like the UN Development Programme, UNCTAD and the UN Environment Programme. There was a growing concern among governments and the intelligent public of developing and developed countries alike that the UN System stood in urgent need of greater internal cohesion and important structural reforms.
Tithe and Agrarian History from the Fourteenth to the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Ladurie Emmanuel le Roy , Goy Joseph
Published: December 2011

The tithe is a levy characteristic of the agrarian ancien regime, and is of great interest to historians of traditional societies such as pre-1789 France and other countries of Europe and Latin America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Measured and recorded from year to year, the tithe forms an indicator which, albeit very approximate, is nevertheless extremely valuable in revealing the trends in agricultural production (grain, wine, stockbreeding ,etc.) over periods of years, decades or centuries. The book is in two parts. The first, by Joseph Goy, deals with theoretical questions and the methods used for research on the tithe and other associated dues. The second part, by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie in collaboration with Marie-Jeanne Tits-Dieuaide, presents an overview of the conclusions reached from the study of secular fluctuations in the product of the tithe and in other revenues from the land. These results, relating to the long period from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries, were obtained from the work of nearly a hundred historians in many countries; their help was an essential element in the writing of the book.
Succeeding John Bull
Authors: Watt D. Cameron
Published: December 2011

This book is based on the Wiles lectures for 1981 delivered at the Queen's University of Belfast in October 1981. It is not a history of Anglo-American relations in the century; its theme deals with how the United States of America came to replace Britain as the primary world and oceanic power confronting a grouping of land-based continental powers, the position Britain occupied throughout the nineteenth century. This theme is examined in the light of how the process of replacement was conceived and perceived by those groups which had the primary responsibility for the formulation and conduct of foreign relations in each of the two powers, Britain and America. The author, whose earlier study of 1965 of the British foreign-policy-making elites pioneered this approach in Britain, argues the existence and continuity over much of this century of similar groups in the United States.
Nikolay Novikov
Authors: Jones W. Gareth
Published: December 2011

Nikolay Novikov (1744–1818) was a key figure in Russian cultural life under Catherine the Great. He was in turn a successful journalist, historiographer, educator, publisher, leading freemason and philanthropist and he left his distinctive mark on each of these spheres at a formative moment in Russia. This book is a Western study of Novikov's complete career and it shows how he responded to Catherine's enlightened despotism in cultural matters and why their ways eventually parted. Novikov is viewed here not only as a founding father of the Russian intelligentsia, but as a representative of the general European Enlightenment, who discovered and encouraged a new generation of writers. A knowledge of Novikov and the kind of enlightenment he strove to spread in Russia is important for an understanding of the particular cast of mind evident in Russian thought and writings in the nineteenth century. The book will therefore be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students of Russian literature and intellectual history.
History of English Drama, 1660–1900
Authors: Nicoll
Published: December 2011

Allardyce Nicoll's History of English Drama, 1660–1900 was an immense scholarly achievement and the work of one man. Nicoll's History, which tells the story of English drama from the reopening of the theatres at the time of the Restoration right through to the end of the Victorian period, was viewed by Notes and Queries (1952) as 'a great work of exploration, a detailed guide to the untrodden acres of our dramatic history, hitherto largely ignored as barren and devoid of interest'. The History is reissued in seven paperback volumes, available separately and as a set. In volumes 1–5 Nicoll describes the conditions of the stage, actors and managers as well as dramatic genres. The sixth and seventh volumes offer a comprehensive list of all the plays known to have been produced or printed in England between 1660 and 1930, with their authors and alternative titles; it has thus independent value as well as providing an index to the earlier volumes.
British Capitalism at the Crossroads, 1919–1932
Authors: Boyce Robert W. D.
Published: December 2011

In the aftermath of the First World War British politics were subordinated to the goal of reconstructing a multilateral trade and payments system. This decision must be understood as the result of the peculiar structure of British capitalism wherein mercantile and financial activity rather than manufacturing industry provided the core of wealth of the dominant community. For a decade, Britain made a signal contribution to the restoration of multilateralism. With the world at a turning-point in 1928, British policy remained committed to reform through multilateral action, particularly once the Labour party resumed office. But the practical effect of policy was the opposite of that intended. Dogmatic opposition to all second-best alternatives helped drive all countries, Britain included, away from internationalism towards a narrow nationalism and economic protectionism. The account ends in 1932 when Britain embarked upon an active imperial policy while the rest of the world headed towards another war. Using a wide range of primary sources, the author presents an account which integrates the economic, political and diplomatic events of the period.
Human Capital, Employment and Bargaining
Authors: Hart Robert A. , Moutos Thomas
Published: December 2011

This book examines human capital investment, employment and bargaining at the level of the firm. It attempts a summary of results that incorporate both human capital investment and employment decisions within firm union bargaining models, emphasising investment in teams, or groups, of workers. The authors also examine human capital in relation to labour demand as well as the delineation between neoclassical and coalitional firms. Further they investigate connections between, on the one hand, turnover costs and firm-specific human capital and, on the other, unemployment. Labour market policy topics recur throughout the book and include the choice between pure wage and profit sharing remuneration systems, the issue of whether training should be subsidized by governments, and work-sharing versus layoff decisions. This book is aimed mainly at the academic economics profession, but is easily accessible to final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Domains and Lambda-Calculi
Authors: Amadio Roberto M. , Curien Pierre-Louis
Published: December 2011

This book describes the mathematical aspects of the semantics of programming languages. The main goals are to provide formal tools to assess the meaning of programming constructs in both a language-independent and a machine-independent way, and to prove properties about programs, such as whether they terminate, or whether their result is a solution of the problem they are supposed to solve. In order to achieve this the authors first present, in an elementary and unified way, the theory of certain topological spaces that have proved of use in the modelling of various families of typed lambda calculi considered as core programming languages and as meta-languages for denotational semantics. This theory is known as Domain Theory, and was founded as a subject by Scott and Plotkin. One of the main concerns is to establish links between mathematical structures and more syntactic approaches to semantics, often referred to as operational semantics, which is also described. This dual approach has the double advantage of motivating computer scientists to do some mathematics and of interesting mathematicians in unfamiliar application areas from computer science.
Power and Christian Ethics
Authors: Mackey James P.
Published: December 2011

In the conventional analysis of human behaviour, power and ethics are frequently considered contrary principles, in that power enforces, while ethics elicits a free response. But, as James Mackey forcefully shows, a more adventurous philosophical study of human morality escapes the sense of contraries, and sets us on a quest for the kind of power that liberates human creativity. It then becomes possible to establish the framework for a critical assessment of the kind of power that ought to be operative in the major structures of human society, civil or ecclesiastical, state governments and church hierarchies. Mackey analyses the religious question which then quite naturally emerges, as to whether this Eros-type power so manifest in human society originates from beyond the more empirical structures of churches, states and 'nature'; and the effort to detect the specifically Christian characterisation of an allegedly ultimate power working in us for final well-being finds its natural context.
Change in Public Bureaucracies
Authors: Meyer Marshall W.
Published: December 2011

This book examines in detail the process of change in 240 city, county and state public bureaucracies responsible for local finance administration. Using the longitudinal method of analysis, the data show organizational structures to be much less stable than conventional stereotypes have suggested. Variables such as organizational leadership, claims to domain, and survival (as opposed to replacement or reorganization) were found to mediate environmental effects on bureaucracies. The book also discusses traditional theories of bureaucracy, theories emphasizing the importance of environment for organizational theory is possible. The concluding chapter draws extensive theoretical implications from the empirical findings of the study.
A Year's Housekeeping in South Africa
Authors: Barker Mary Anne
Published: December 2011

First published in 1877, this book is one of several colonial memoirs by the successful writer and journalist Lady Mary Anne Barker (1831–1911). Born in Jamaica and educated in England and France, Lady Barker spent periods living in New Zealand, South Africa, Mauritius, Trinidad, and Western Australia following the career and colonial service appointments of her second husband, Frederick Broome. She arrived in Natal in 1875 and lived there for three years while Broome was Colonial Secretary. This book, presented in the form of letters, vividly describes the family's experiences and domestic life. It begins with Barker's early impressions of Cape Town and Natal, mentioning particularly the 'forlorn and discouraging' Robben Island. Barker's detailed observations on African weather and scenery, Zulu customs and beliefs, and the interactions between indigenous people and the European colonists are still an invaluable resource for those interested in nineteenth-century colonial Africa.
Kant and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Kleingeld Pauline
Published: December 2011

This is the first comprehensive account of Kant's cosmopolitanism, highlighting its moral, political, legal, economic, cultural and psychological aspects. Contrasting Kant's views with those of his German contemporaries and relating them to current debates, Pauline Kleingeld sheds new light on texts that have been hitherto neglected or underestimated. In clear and carefully argued discussions, she shows that Kant's philosophical cosmopolitanism underwent a radical transformation in the mid 1790s and that the resulting theory is philosophically stronger than is usually thought. Using the work of figures such as Fichte, Cloots, Forster, Hegewisch, Wieland and Novalis, Kleingeld analyses Kant's arguments regarding the relationship between cosmopolitanism and patriotism, the importance of states, the ideal of an international federation, cultural pluralism, race, global economic justice and the psychological feasibility of the cosmopolitan ideal. In doing so, she reveals a broad spectrum of positions in cosmopolitan theory that are relevant to current discussions of cosmopolitanism.
The Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300–1589
Authors: Green Toby
Published: December 2011

The region between the river Senegal and Sierra Leone saw the first trans-Atlantic slave trade in the sixteenth century. Drawing on many new sources, Toby Green challenges current quantitative approaches to the history of the slave trade. New data on slave origins can show how and why Western African societies responded to Atlantic pressures. Green argues that answering these questions requires a cultural framework and uses the idea of creolization - the formation of mixed cultural communities in the era of plantation societies - to argue that preceding social patterns in both Africa and Europe were crucial. Major impacts of the sixteenth-century slave trade included political fragmentation, changes in identity and the re-organization of ritual and social patterns. The book shows which peoples were enslaved, why they were vulnerable and the consequences in Africa and beyond.
Morality and Masculinity in the Carolingian Empire
Authors: Stone Rachel
Published: December 2011

What did it mean to be a Frankish nobleman in an age of reform? How could Carolingian lay nobles maintain their masculinity and their social position, while adhering to new and stricter moral demands by reformers concerning behaviour in war, sexual conduct and the correct use of power? This book explores the complex interaction between Christian moral ideals and social realities, and between religious reformers and the lay political elite they addressed. It uses the numerous texts addressed to a lay audience (including lay mirrors, secular poetry, political polemic, historical writings and legislation) to examine how biblical and patristic moral ideas were reshaped to become compatible with the realities of noble life in the Carolingian empire. This innovative analysis of Carolingian moral norms demonstrates how gender interacted with political and religious thought to create a distinctive Frankish elite culture, presenting a new picture of early medieval masculinity.
The Making of the West End Stage
Authors: Bratton Jacky
Published: December 2011

All roads lead to London - and to the West End theatre. This book presents a new history of the beginnings of the modern world of London entertainment. Putting female-centred, gender-challenging managements and styles at the centre, it redraws the map of performance history in the Victorian capital of the world. Bratton argues for the importance in Victorian culture of venues like the little Strand Theatre and the Gallery of Illustration in Regent Street in the experience of mid-century London, and of plays drawn from the work of Charles Dickens as well as burlesques by the early writers of Punch. Discovering a much more dynamic and often woman-led entertainment industry at the heart of the British Empire, this book seeks a new understanding of the work of women including Eliza Vestris, Mary Ann Keeley and Marie Wilton in creating the template for a magical new theatre of music, feeling and spectacle.
History of the Zulu War and its Origin
Authors: Colenso Frances , Durnford Edward
Published: December 2011

First published in 1880, just a year after the titular conflict took place, this account by Frances Colenso (1849–87) of the 1879 war between British settlers and the Zulu population in South Africa is remarkable in its defence of the Zulu people, a very unusual view for a British writer at this time. Colenso was the daughter of controversial bible scholar John William Colenso, the first Anglican bishop of Natal. This book was intended to support her father's criticism of British policy, but while she credits her father's influence and opinions in shaping her book, Colenso is careful to state that the work is her own. Beginning with the causes of the conflict, which she identifies as an unjust and barbaric British invasion, Colenso describes the Zulu war chronologically to its conclusion. The military details of the war were provided by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Durnford, a close friend of Colenso's.
Democracy and Authenticity
Authors: Schweber Howard H.
Published: December 2011

In Democracy and Authenticity Professor Howard Schweber examines a basic problem for liberal democracies. When a political entity is characterized by a multitude of identities and values, certain constraints apply to reasons for citizens and public officials to justify coercive political actions. The author argues that justifications based on particular religious doctrines are not a proper basis for government actions that affect everyone. He then develops a concept of public justification intended to guide citizens in a liberal democracy through the work of creating policies that satisfy their responsibilities to one another.
Minnesota and the Far West
Authors: Oliphant Laurence
Published: December 2011

Laurence Oliphant (1829–88) was a much-travelled British diplomat and writer. In the mid-nineteenth century, between two stints in the Caucasus, he spent several years in North America, helped Lord Elgin negotiate a trade treaty between Canada and the US, and was for a time Superintendent-General for Indian Affairs in Canada. In this book, first published in 1855, Oliphant expresses his enthusiasm for the rapid development in the American West that was being driven by industry and commerce. He documents a fact-finding journey around the Great Lakes region, travelling on the new railway and adventurously taking a bark canoe down rapids and across portages. From picnics, dances and sleigh rides to mining, forest clearance and land speculation, Oliphant conveys a vivid picture of the opportunities and hardships of the frontier society. He focuses in detail on the Native Americans he encountered, their customs, skills, way of life and future prospects.
The Slave States of America
Authors: Buckingham James Silk
Published: December 2011

The Cornish-born traveller and writer James Silk Buckingham (1786–1855) campaigned energetically for social reform while a Member of Parliament during the 1830s. He later spent four years in the United States, and in 1839 travelled across the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama to observe at first hand the inhumane treatment of slaves in a system that showed 'reckless indifference to human life'. Originally published in 1842, and dedicated to Prince Albert, this two-volume work documents Buckingham's findings and argues that the USA should follow Britain's example in abolishing slavery. Within the framework of a travel narrative recording climate, geography, flora and fauna, Buckingham describes the use of slaves in industries as diverse as gold mining, cotton manufacturing, railways, canals, and agriculture. He highlights the social and political issues surrounding free labour, and relations between the slaves and their employers. Volume 1 includes descriptions of Charleston, Augusta, and New Orleans.
From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches
Authors: Kipling Rudyard
Published: December 2011

First published in book form in 1899, and reissued here in the 1928 Macmillan edition, this two-volume collection contains a series of letters and travel reports originally written for newspapers by the young Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) on his journeys around India, Burma, China, Japan and the United States between 1887 and 1889. The 1907 Nobel Prize winner's characteristic fluid writing style is already apparent in these funny, poignant and vivid articles and short stories. Providing revealing insights into Kipling's notions of imperialism and Englishness, the works also reflect the writer's keen observational powers, and a telling intelligent self-awareness of his own cultural prejudices. Volume 1 contains Kipling's Letters of Marque and twenty-four pieces from From Sea to Sea, including descriptions of his experiences of the Great Wall of China, Japanese theatre and visiting a slaughterhouse in Chicago.
The Life and Times of Mrs Sherwood (1775–1851)
Authors: Sherwood Mary Martha
Published: December 2011

F. J. Harvey Darton (1878–1936) published Life and Times in 1910. It is an account of the life and work of the well-loved children's author and educationalist Mary Martha Sherwood (1775–1851). Sherwood, a prolific writer, published numerous bestsellers, including the didactic series The History of the Fairchild Family (1818–47) and The History of Henry Milner (1822–37). Sherwood was also passionately involved in education; she established a number of schools both in England and in India, where she lived for 11 years from 1805, and where she became an evangelical Christian. Darton's account is based around excerpts from Sherwood's own diaries, which had been published in 1854 as Sherwood's 'autobiography', but with large sections removed. Darton restored the deleted sections and supplemented the diaries with details from the unpublished diaries of Sherwood's husband, Captain Henry Sherwood (1776–1849) and information supplied by the Sherwood family.
Swift
Authors: Stephen Leslie
Published: December 2011

Sir Leslie Stephen (1832–1904) came from a distinguished family of politicians, jurists and writers, and was the father of Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf. His literary career began with writing about his great passion, the Alps, and he became a noted author and critic, and the first editor of the Dictionary of National Biography. He was a friend of John Morley (1838–1923), the general editor of English Men of Letters, who commissioned him to write three biographies for the first series, on Swift, Pope and Johnson. Stephen is very interested in the family connections and history of Jonathan Swift (1667–1745), the great satirist and moralist, and he blends direct sources with general conclusions in an informal style which makes the work (first published in 1882) of continuing interest today. Stephen's Sketches from Cambridge, published anonymously in 1865, is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.
Goldsmith
Authors: Black William
Published: December 2011

Written by Scottish novelist William Black (1841–98), this biography of the Irish-born poet, dramatist and novelist Oliver Goldsmith (c.1728–74) was published in 1878 as the sixth book in the first series of English Men of Letters. Goldsmith is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766) and the play She Stoops to Conquer (1771), as well as his close association with Samuel Johnson, James Boswell, and William Hogarth. The biography is a colourful one: as Black observes, Goldsmith, who was trained as a physician but whose whole career was in literature, possessed a 'happy knack of enjoying the present hour', and his pursuit of pleasure frequently left him in debt. Black himself was one of the most prolific and popular writers of his day; a collected edition of his works published 1892–4 ran to twenty-six volumes.
Daniel Defoe
Authors: Minto William
Published: December 2011

Published in the first series of English Men of Letters in 1879, a time when a complete edition of Daniel Defoe's works was yet to be collated, this biograhical account by William Minto (1845–93) was a significant achievement in literary scholarship as well as an engaging portrait of a colourful and outspoken polemicist. Himself a journalist and essayist for the pioneering Pall Mall Gazette and the Daily News, Minto combines the critical insight of a literary scholar with the empathy and understanding of a fellow writer. Spanning the novelist's entire life (c. 1659–1731), from the passions of his youth to the publication of Robinson Crusoe, his 'later journalistic labours' and the impact of literary success, this biography tells how Defoe disproved the rule that the lives of men of letters are rarely eventful.