bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perennial Ryegrass Yield Performance under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Kemesyte Vilma , Statkeviciute Grazina , Brazauskas Gintaras
Published: June 2017

Breeding of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for forage is mainly aimed at increase in herbage yield. However, abiotic stresses such as drought and winterkill threaten persistence and ability to produce stable aerial biomass of the plant. Field experiments, performed under natural conditions, rather than dissection of abiotic stress factors under artificial or semiartificial conditions, offers opportunity to evaluate the effect of complex of abiotic stresses on the plant performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dry matter yield and tolerance to winter kill and drought of perennial ryegrass ecotypes and cultivars differing in their ploidy level during a 2‐yr period. The field experiment was located in Akademija, Lithuania (55°40′ N, 23°87′ E) in 2015 and 2016. The germplasm consisted of 128 diploid and 25 tetraploid perennial ryegrass populations. Winterkill, spring growth and regrowth after cuts, drought damage, and dry matter yield were assessed. Short periods of lower than −10°C temperatures with slim snow cover determined low damages of the perennial ryegrass after winters. Medium correlation was estimated between drought damages and dry matter yield. Tetraploid genotypes of perennial ryegrass demonstrated higher tolerance to cold and drought stress conditions, better spring growth and regrowth after cuts, and higher dry matter yield.
Prebreeding Using Wild Species for Genetic Enhancement of Grain Legumes at ICRISAT
Authors: Sharma Shivali
Published: June 2017

Like many other major crops, ICRISAT's mandate grain legume crops have a narrow genetic base. The production and productivity of these crops is adversely affected by different biotic and abiotic stresses, and high levels of resistance or tolerance to these stresses are not available in the cultivated genepool. In contrast, wild species harbor many useful genes and have potential to thrive well under climatic extremities. However, utilization of these wild species for the genetic improvement of crop cultivars is hindered mainly due to ploidy level differences between cultivated and wild species, cross‐incompatibility barriers, and linkage drag. Systematic prebreeding efforts involving wild species of Cicer, Cajanus, and Arachis as donors and popular well‐adapted cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) as recipient parents, respectively, have led to the development of new genepools having good agronomic performance and higher frequency of useful genes and alleles introgressed from wild species. Evaluation of a few populations for biotic stresses and yield‐related traits resulted in the identification of desirable introgression lines (ILs) that have been shared with NARS for use in breeding programs. Overall, prebreeding ensures continuous supply of novel and diverse genetic variability derived from wild species in readily usable form into the breeding pipelines to develop new climate‐resilient cultivars with a broad genetic base.
Environmentally friendly cellulose-based polyelectrolytes in wastewater treatment
Authors: Grenda Kinga , Arnold Julien , Gamelas José A. F. , Rasteiro Maria G.
Published: June 2017

Natural-based polyelectrolytes (PELs), with all the advantages coming from being produced from renewable and biodegradable sources, are a potential solution for the removal of dyes from wastewater. In this work, surplus Eucalyptus bleached cellulose fibres from a paper mill were modified to increase the charge and solubility of cellulose. First, reactive aldehyde groups were introduced in the cellulose backbone by periodate oxidation of cellulose. Further modification with alkylammonium produced positively charged cellulose-based PELs. The final products were characterized by several analytical techniques. The PEL with the highest substitution degree of cationic groups was evaluated for its performance in decolouration processes, bentonite being used as aid. This was found to be effective for colour removal of either anionic or cationic dyes. Bio-PELs can thus be considered as very favourable eco-friendly flocculation agents for decolouration of harsh effluents from several industries, considering their biodegradable nature and thus the ability to produce less sludge.
Para além das ondas. Um ponto de partida sobre o significado social da variação entre ditongo nasal átono final e vogal oral no Português Brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Christina Abreu
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de estudo sobre o significado social da variação entre ditongo nasal átono final e vogal oral, como em homem ~ homi, a partir do comportamento observado de falantes do Português Brasileiro em função da variável estilo de fala. Além disso, apresenta uma reflexão sobre as diferentes “ondas” ou abordagens do estudo do significado social da variação conforme apresentadas por Eckert (2012) para situar o ponto de partida deste estudo no conjunto de práticas analíticas para o estudo da variação desenvolvidas no âmbito da abordagem da Sociolinguística. Argumenta-se que o estudo do significado social da variação constitui um desafio interdisciplinar que deve abarcar tanto aspectos macro quanto microssociais. Especificamente em relação ao objeto de estudo, os resultados para estilo de fala indicaram que a variação apresenta estratificação estilística, característica típica de marcador linguístico.
Towards Research University through Ambidexterity Practice: A Lecturer Perspective
Authors: Kusumastuti Retno , Safitri Nurul , Rusmaningsih Prima Nurita
Published: June 2017

The concept of ambidexterity in organization theory refers to an organization's ability to innovate in explorative manners (Duncan, 1980). Ambidexterity can be identified into structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity (Tushman, O'Reilly, 1990). In small medium enterprises, for example, innovation activities take contextual form since most owners act both as entrepreneurs and business leaders (Kusumastuti, et.al., 2015), while in established corporations innovation activities generally occur in structural form. Thus research takes academic institution as its locus, within which innovation activities are mandatory for all civitas academica (academic community). The study uses mixed method for collecting data through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. It shows that university has the capacity to provide context in institutional support and remuneration system as a means stimulate lecturers and researchers to be more innovative. The scheme also provided structure at the university and faculty level as tools to coordinate and integrate research projects. The organizational learning at the individual level reflects the pattern of contextual ambidexterity process.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF MONTELUKAST FROM TABLET DOSAGES FORM
Authors: Doctor Jwal , Thakkar Palak , Prajapati Mitul , Patel Nrupresh , Mehta Priti J.
Published: June 2017

Objective: A rapid, non-destructive and non-solvent raman spectroscopic method for estimation of Montelukast from tablet dosages form Methods: Quantification was carried out by measuring the intensity of analyte peak at 1440 cm-1. Each Raman spectrum corresponded to an accumulation of 4 scans with an exposure time of 5 sec for each scan with a total integration time of 20 sec.Results: The method exhibited linearity between 2 mg-24 mg show well resolve quantification From MON. The linearity equation was calculated as y = 13.036x+70.819 and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.997 for MON. LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ(limit of quantification) values were calculated using the calibration curve slope and standard deviation of the response. The LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) values were found to be 1.71 mg and 5.13 mg respectively.Conclusion: The developed method was successfully applied for assay of montelukast in the intact formulation. The method was validated according to an international conference on harmonisation guidelines. A recent study, montelukast sodium had been analysed by the raman method, but, looking into the tremendous potential of raman spectroscopic method; it can be extended as a process analysis and technology tool in various quality checks during manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.
SERUM NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (NGAL) AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER OF KIDNEY INJURY IN RENAL TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS and CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Al-shamma Zainab A.a. , Alklyali Nahla Ghanim , Alani Intesar Yousif
Published: June 2017

Objective: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has emerged as a promising biomarker of kidney injury better than creatinine to early predict the acute kidney injury in both chronic kidney diseases and early diagnosis of kidney allograft dysfunction.Methods: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was evaluated as a new biomarker for acute renal injury in 69 patients were divided in two groups chronic kidney disease patients (stage5), (n=34), and renal transplant patients, (n=35) comparing with apparently healthy control (n= 35) of matching age and weight. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, hsCRP and Cystatin-C were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay which is included first incubating the test serum in an antigen-coated polystyrene plate, then enzyme labelled anti-immunoglobulin is added and the enzyme then remaining in plate after washing provides a measure of the amount of specific antibody in the serum and in the final step a substance is added that the enzyme can convert to some detectable signal, most commonly a color change in a chemical substrate.Results: There was a significant increase in serum NGAL of renal transplantation patients, and CKD patients (stage5) than in healthy control subjects (455±145 ng/ml vs. 296.4±83.5 ng/ml 486±153 ng/ml vs296. 4±83.5 ng/ml) respectively. A high serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is noted in renal transplanted patients after one month, then after six months (480±188ng/ml vs. 409±78ng/ml). There was a significant negative correlation between serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in renal transplanted patients, and chronic kidney disease patients (stage 5) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.05).Conclusion: Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin seems to be an early predictor of kidney injury and post-transplantation management, including dialysis and grafting function of the kidney.
APPLICATION OF THE NEW OROSLIPPERY TECHNOLOGY IN THE PREPARATION OF ENTERIC SLIPPERY COATED TABLET OF NAPROXEN
Authors: Maraie Nidhal K. , Alhamdany Anas T. , Mahdi Zainab H,
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate enteric coated oroslippery tablets (OSTs) of naproxen to overcome the common problems of stomach irritation and swallowing difficulties which accompanied the administration of naproxen tablets.Methods: Different formulas of enteric slippery tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Various parameters were investigated like the effect of eudragit L-100 (eud.) concentration (as an enteric polymer), coating level and effect of different concentrations of croscarmellose sodium CCS (as super disintegrant) on the physical properties. Finally, in an in vitro disintegration and release study was carried out.Results: The enteric slippery optimal formula (F8) was selected to consist of double coat (17.5% eudragit (eud.)) with core tablet containing (6% CCS). It was found that this optimal formula having an acceptable physical property (friability, hardness, thickness and weight variation). Besides, the best acid resistant potential represented by the protection of the OSTs for 2 h in 0.1 N HCl without any sign of disintegration and drug release. Moreover, it was found that (F8) has a disintegration time equal to (8±1.36 min) and release of 80% (20±0.18 min) in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.Conclusion: The result revealed the successful preparation of naproxen tablets using enteric slippery coating that can be easily swallowed and prevent direct irritation of the stomach with acceptable tablet weight.
Ferments in the colon tissues of different age piglets
Authors: Terentyeva M G , Mardareva N V , Nesterova O P
Published: June 2017

The article presents the results of research activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, -amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the tissues of the outer and inner colon intestines of pigs of large white breed, grown in a pig. Installed the nature and intensity of age-related changes in boars and boars-castrated at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days. In the outer tissues of the colon the most intense age-related changes in Alt activity detected in molozivno-milk (reduced 40.4%) and third dairy (increases 1.6 times) of phases of supply; the level of ASAT - phase power as molozivno-milk (reduced 42.3%) and definitive (increased 1.5 times); the activity of -amylase in milk-molozivno phase (increased 2.5 times); the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the second (an increase of 1.9 times) and in the third phase of milk feeding (reduced by 50,1%) in the first phase of the definitive power (increasing by 1.9 times). In the inner tissue of the colon changes in the activity of enzymes of Alat is found in the first breast (falls to 61.9 per cent), in the third dairy (increases 1.6 times) and the first definitive (increased 2.4 times) the power phases; ASAT - in the first phase of milk feeding (reduced 68.4%) and in the first phase of the definitive power (increase in 1.6 times); -amylase is reduced in the second phase of milk feeding (47.1%) and increased in the third (1.8 times) and fourth (1.9 times) phases definitive power; Alkaline phosphatase is increased in the first phase of milk feeding (1.6-fold) and decreases in the second phase of milk feeding (52.8%); KF first milk increased respectively by 3.7 and 2.6 times and the first definitive falls to 75.4 per cent and 64.2%.
Selection of the cell culture to accumulate in vitro the sacbrood virus of bees
Authors: Kalinin A G , Galnbek T V , Kulikov E V
Published: June 2017

Bees, like other living organisms are exposed to various pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoans, parasites and viruses. Viruses are of particular threat to beekeeping. Some diseases caused by viruses that lead to the collapse of the bee colonies, which leads to loss of a huge number of bees and it causes a recession in the industry. One of the major bees diseases caused by viruses is a sacculated brood. This pathology causes significant damage to beekeeping, because sick families without assistance does not give the commodity honey and not able to provide themselves food, then farms lose the opportunity to sell queens and bee packages. Problem of prompt diagnosis is inaccessibility of bees culturing cells method in vitro virus, which is why understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying viral diseases is limited. These difficulties in the virologists works leads to late diagnosis of disease and as a result, there are large losses in farms. Currently, there is very little information about the cultivation of viruses bees on heterogeneous cell cultures, which give after passage of the pathogen any degenerative changes. However, in last few years there is an active debate on the cultivation of bees viruses in cell cultures. It is known that the highest sensitivity to the saccular brood virus are explants of ovarian nymphs queens bees, chick fibroblast culture, bee fibroblasts tissue of the pectoral muscles of adult bees, culture of the tissue reproductive organs, muscle and egg bee primary trypsinized culture of monkey kidney, primary cell culture, obtained from the larvae of worker bees, culture PC-15, IBRS-2. The major problem of cultivation of bees viruses - a small amount of data on heterologous type of sensitive cell cultures. However, research in this area continues, and scientists around the world are trying to solve a serious problem of cultivation of bee viruses.
Morphological composition of carcasses and muscle development of eland antelope
Authors: Seryogin I G , Nikitchenko D V , Abdullayeva A M
Published: June 2017

Studied veterinary-sanitary indicators of portioned and small-sized myelinated semi-finished beef meat, pork, lamb and white meat bird in comparison with the feed in the initial period of experience in storage and production refrigerated for 5 days. Noted a marked change in the organoleptic, physics-chemical and microbiological indicators of semi-finished products as compared with the original raw meat. Deviations in indicators of laboratorian studies revealed most often in semi-finished products made of pork and poultry meat. Based on the data developed proposals to reduce the shelf life of meat products depending on the source of veterinary-sanitary indicators of meat products.
Board meeting frequency and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Ju Ahmad Nurulyasmin Binti , Rashid Afzalur , Gow Jeff
Published: June 2017

This study aims at determining the effectiveness of board meeting frequency on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting by public listed companies on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia. A CSR reporting index consisting of 51 items was developed based on six themes: General, Community, Environment, Human Resource, Marketplace and Other. A content analysis was used to determine the extent of CSR reporting. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was employed in determining the association between board meeting frequency and CSR reporting. The finding of the study is that advising tendency (frequency of board meetings) is not associated with CSR reporting. Overall this study strengthens the idea that advising tendency of the board is essential to companies in order to safeguard all stakeholders’ interests. Accordingly, regulators and policymakers should be more stringent in monitoring company’s conformance towards regulations. This study provides a new avenue of knowledge and contributes to the literature on the practices of the board of directors and corporate social responsibility reporting in the context of a semi-developed country.
Application of Zone Model Predictive Control Artificial Pancreas During Extended Use of Infusion Set and Sensor: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Home-Use Trial
Authors: Forlenza Gregory P. , Deshpande Sunil , Ly Trang T. , Howsmon Daniel P. , Cameron Faye , Baysal Nihat , Mauritzen Eric , Marcal Tatiana , Towers Lindsey , Bequette B. Wayne , Huyett Lauren M. , Pinsker Jordan E. , Gondhalekar Ravi , Doyle Francis J. , Maahs David M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Dassau Eyal
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

As artificial pancreas (AP) becomes standard of care, consideration of extended use of insulin infusion sets (IIS) and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) becomes vital. We conducted an outpatient randomized crossover study to test the safety and efficacy of a zone model predictive control (zone-MPC)–based AP system versus sensor augmented pump (SAP) therapy in which IIS and CGM failures were provoked via extended wear to 7 and 21 days, respectively.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A smartphone-based AP system was used by 19 adults (median age 23 years [IQR 10], mean 8.0 ± 1.7% HbA1c) over 2 weeks and compared with SAP therapy for 2 weeks in a crossover, unblinded outpatient study with remote monitoring in both study arms.

RESULTS

AP improved percent time 70–140 mg/dL (48.1 vs. 39.2%; P = 0.016) and time 70–180 mg/dL (71.6 vs. 65.2%; P = 0.008) and decreased median glucose (141 vs. 153 mg/dL; P = 0.036) and glycemic variability (SD 52 vs. 55 mg/dL; P = 0.044) while decreasing percent time <70 mg/dL (1.3 vs. 2.7%; P = 0.001). AP also improved overnight control, as measured by mean glucose at 0600 h (140 vs. 158 mg/dL; P = 0.02). IIS failures (1.26 ± 1.44 vs. 0.78 ± 0.78 events; P = 0.13) and sensor failures (0.84 ± 0.6 vs. 1.1 ± 0.73 events; P = 0.25) were similar between AP and SAP arms. Higher percent time in closed loop was associated with better glycemic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Zone-MPC significantly and safely improved glycemic control in a home-use environment despite prolonged CGM and IIS wear. This project represents the first home-use AP study attempting to provoke and detect component failure while successfully maintaining safety and effective glucose control.
Thermal direct joining of metal to fiber reinforced thermoplastic components
Authors: Klotzbach Annett , Langer Maurice , Pautzsch Robert , Standfuß Jens , Beyer Eckhard
Published: June 2017

In the field of lightweight construction, load-capable mixing compounds with the material specific advantages of metal and thermoplastics become increasingly significant. For this efficient process, chains including adapted pretreatment and joining processes in combination with process simulation tools are required. Post- or in-mold assembly processes, mechanical joining by screws or rivets, and adhesive bonding are state-of-the-art techniques for joining dissimilar materials such as metal and thermoplastics [R. Hoffschlag, Forschungsbedarf zum Fügen von Kunststoffen im Leichtbau und im Bereich erneuerbarer Energien (DVS-Berichte Band, Düsseldorf, 2012), p. 294; M. Gude, G. Meschut, M. Zäh, H. Lieberwirth, FOREL-Studie: Chancen und Herausforderungen im ressourceneffizienten Leichtbau für die Elektromobilität (2015)]. Specific restrictions can be found with the limited geometry flexibility, the use of an additional material and comparable long joining times. Hence, new joining solutions are needed. In this presentation, the use of thermal induced joining for metal and thermoplastic parts will be shown. These processes are characterized by short joining times and the substitution of glue, screws, or rivets. The key technology to enable high joint strengths is the material adapted surface modification. As a research result, the influence of physical and chemical pretreatment will be presented. It could be shown that metal ablation by high power lasers can efficiently generate a macroscopic surface structure, which enables mechanical fastening of the polymer at the metal surface. Depending on the materials to be joined, different kinds of heat inputs can be used. In this presentation, the joining by hotplates and by lasers will be introduced. It will be shown that an optimized surface pretreatment enables joints with a lap shear strength of 20 N/mm2 and more, depending on the material configuration.
Does Islamic Banking Contribute to Economic Growth and Industrial Development in Turkey?
Authors: Yüksel Serhat , Canöz İsmail
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to identify the effects of Islamic banking on economic growth and industrial development in Turkey. For this purpose, quarterly data for the periods between 2005 and 2016 were taken into the consideration. Additionally, VAR Granger causality analysis was used in this study. It was concluded that Islamic banks’ loans do not have a significant effect on the improvement of economy and industry in Turkey. The main reason for this result is that Islamic banking has a very low percentage in Turkish banking sector. Thus, it can be said that Islamic banking in Turkey should be so developed that it can contribute to GDP growth and industrial development.
Ultra Wideband Assisted Localization of Semi-Autonomous Floor Scrubber
Authors: Čelan Višeslav , Stančić Ivo , Musić Josip
Published: June 2017

The paper describes the design and features of the novel semi-autonomous floor scrubber add-on module, used for cleaning large indoor spaces. Module is designed in such a manner that it can be easily attached and detached from scrubber machine and that additional sensors can be introduced if needed. The paper focuses on the localization capabilities of the machine in several sensor setups with emphasis on the use of ultra wideband (UWB) real-time localization system (RTLS). It also proposes fusion of sensor data from several sources including novel use of wheel encoder’s data in UWB setup. Analysis is performed in terms of localization accuracy and reliability as well as associated advantages and disadvantages. Obtained results demonstrated that inclusion of UWB subsystem, despite its price and accuracy (20 cm in ideal, line of sight, conditions), based on behavior switching yields more reliable and accurate results in open spaces (up to 25 times in position and 2 times in orientation) and that its accuracy can be further improved with inclusion of wheel encoder data.
SUMMING UP THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP
Authors: RAICIU Ioana
Published: June 2017

The paper offers an overview of the evolution of the Eastern-Partnership, viewed from the main conclusions of each Summit dedicated to the EaP. I tried to analyse separately each summit, and the evolution of political discourse is significant. If in 2009, they spoke in Prague about an ambitious project, which encouraged good governance and development of new economic partnerships, the last summit at Riga in 2015, drew a real alarm on the worrying developments around Romania. The Eastern Partnership was intended to provide within the EU a tangible support and comprehensive democratic transformation, and an oriented market.
Utility of Intraoperative Flexible Endoscopy in Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Carniol Eric T. , Vázquez Alejandro , Patel Tapan D. , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: June 2017

Background

Surgical management of the frontal sinus can be challenging. Extensive frontal sinus pneumatization may form a far lateral or supraorbital recess that can be difficult to reach by conventional endoscopic surgical techniques, requiring extended approaches such as the Draf III (or endoscopic modified Lothrop) procedure. Rigid endoscopes may not allow visualization of these lateral limits to ensure full evacuation of the disease process.

Methods

Here we describe the utility of intraoperative flexible endoscopy in two patients with far lateral frontal sinus disease.

Results

In both cases, flexible endoscopy allowed confirmation of complete evacuation of pathologic material, thereby obviating more extensive surgical dissection.

Conclusion

In cases where visualization of the far lateral frontal sinus is inadequate with rigid endoscopes, flexible endoscopy can be used to determine the need for more extensive dissection.
Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Mara Tunggal (Clausena excavata BURM.F) dan Daun Zodia (Euodia ridleyi HOCHR) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex SP.
Authors: Kuncoro Hadi
Published: June 2017

Has done research on larvacide activity Mara Tunggal leaves (Clausena excavata BURM.F) and Zodia leaves (Euodia ridleyi HOCHR) against larvae of the mosquito Culex sp. The study was conducted to see the massive concentration of Mara Tunggal leaves extracts and leaves Zodia can killed mosquito larvae Culex sp. The method used is a test using larvae of the mosquito Culex sp. By using various concentrations of extracts. From the results of research it is known that Mara Tunggal Leaf Extract and Leaf Zodia have activity against larvae of the mosquito Culex sp larvacide. With LC50 values  for the methanol extract of Mara Tunggal leaves 313.33 ppm and methanol extract Zodia leaves is 5321,083 ppm.

Key Words : Clausena excavata BURM.F., Euodia ridleyi HOCHR., larvacide.

 

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas larvasida terhadap daun Mara Tunggal (Clausena excavata BURM.F) dan Daun Zodia (Euodia ridleyi HOCHR) terhadap Larva nyamuk Culex sp. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat besaran konsentrasi ekstrak dari daun Mara Tunggal dan Daun Zodia yang dapat membunuh larva nyamuk Culex sp. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengujian dengan menggunakan Larva nyamuk Culex sp. Dengan menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi Ekstrak. Dari hasil Penelitian diketahui bahwa Ekstrak Daun Mara Tunggal dan Daun Zodia memiliki aktivitas sebagai Larvasida terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex sp.  Dengan nilai LC50 untuk Ekstrak metanol daun Mara Tunggal 313,33 ppm dan Ekstrak metanol daun Zodia adalah 5321.083 ppm.

Kata Kunci : Clausena excavata BURM.F., Euodia ridleyi HOCHR., Larvasida
Efek Antimikroba Sediaan Salep Kulit Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sungkai (Peronema Canencens Jack.) terhadap Bakteri Patogen Penginfeksi Luka Bakar
Authors: Ibrahim Arsyik , Ahmad Islamudin , Narsa Angga Cipta , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: June 2017

Research on the effects of skin ointment dosage active ingredient ethyl acetate leaf extract Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack.) has be done burns infection against pathogens bacteria. This study aims to determine the effective concentration of the ethyl acetate extract antimicrobial in skin ointment preparations against pathogens skin burns infection. Test material obtained by fractionation of the methanol extract of leaves Sungkai, further formulated into an ointment base, was tested to determine the effective concentration of activity. The results obtained by the concentration of effective skin ointment preparation with the active ingredient ethyl acetate leaf extract Sungkai is 4% for gram-positive bacteria: B. subtilis and S. aureus, dankonsentrasi 2% for gram-negative bacteria: P. aeruginosa and Str. mutans.

Key words: P. canencens Jack, Formulation, Antimicrobials, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Str. Mutans

 

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian efek sediaan salep kulit berbahan aktif ekstrak etil asetat daun sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack.) terhadap bakteri patogen penginfeksi luka bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui  konsentrasi efektif antimikroba ekstrak etil asetat dalam sediaan salep kulit terhadap bakteri patogen penginfeksi luka bakar. Bahan uji diperoleh dengan fraksinasi ekstrak metanol daun sungkai, selanjutnya formulasikan ke dalam basis salep, diuji aktivitasnya untuk menentukan konsentrasi efektif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh konsentrasi efektif sediaan salep kulit dengan bahan aktif ekstrak etil asetat daun Sungkai adalah 4 % untuk bakteri gram positif: B. subtilis dan S. aureus, dankonsentrasi 2% untuk bakteri gram negatif: P. aeruginosa dan Str. Mutans.

Kata kunci : P. canencens Jack,  Formulasi, Antimikroba, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Str. mutans.
Sử dụng đồng thời quan trắc quy mô lớn và quy mô bão trong việc tăng cường thông tin ban đầu cho bài toán dự báo xoáy thuận nhiệt đới bằng mô hình số trị
Authors: Tiến Dư Đức , Thành Ngô Đức , Chánh Kiều Quốc
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Sự dịch chuyển lên phía bắc của dao động nội mùa và cơ chế dao động nội mùa của lượng mưa tại Bắc Bộ và Nam Bộ
Authors: Tuân Bùi Minh , Trường Nguyễn Minh , Hằng Vũ Minh , Thanh Công
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Análisis econométrico de la rentabilidad de los inversionistas en la industria panificadora y de pastas colombiana, 2000-2013
Authors: Delgado-Vélez Luis D.
Published: June 2017

La industria panificadora y de pastas en Colombia representa una de las actividades más importantes del sector manufactura, con unas ventas cercanas a 2,5 billones de pesos anuales. No obstante, algunos factores críticos como los precios de las materias primas en los mercados internacionales, aspectos culturales, la llegada de fuertes competidores transnacionales, y las adversidades propias de la industria nacional potencializan los riesgos para sus inversionistas. La rentabilidad del patrimonio (ROE) evidencia una reducción progresiva al pasar de 14,1% en 2000 a 4,4% en 2013; asimismo, el modelo de regresión lineal confirma este comportamiento, explicado en gran medida por los cambios en el margen bruto y la rentabilidad de sus activos. De otro lado, un aumento en los precios de venta ajustados a la inflación y una reducción sustancial en el consumo per cápita de pan en los 13 últimos años, al pasar de 32 a 24 kilos-habitante-año, indican un pobre desempeño de los ingresos y el uso de sus activos fijos. No obstante, el comportamiento de los costos de materias primas y mano de obra permite inferir que los empresarios controlaron los costos de producción, a pesar de la volatilidad en los precios internacionales del trigo
Alternativas de gestión del capital estructural en las instituciones de educación superior. Una propuesta para su evaluación
Authors: Demuner-Flores María del Rosario , Nava-Rogel Rosa María , Mercado-Salgado Patricia
Published: June 2017

El capital estructural es el conocimiento propio de la institución que surge en la medida en que es poseído por sus integrantes, explicitado, codificado y sistematizado formalmente; por ello el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las dimensiones e indicadores que vislumbren la directriz de la gestión del capital estructural con el fin de hacer una propuesta de su evaluación que se use para mejorar el desempeño en las instituciones de educación superior. La revisión de 25 documentos teóricos y empíricos aporta dimensiones e indicadores coincidentes y redundantes en: 1) procesos:  rutinas internas, sistematización de la información, innovación y nuevas tecnologías, dotación de equipo tecnológico; 2) cultura: vínculos organizativos, aprendizaje organizativo, filosofía de la dirección, apoyo a la investigación, integración de mecanismos de coordinación; 3) estructura: integración de grupos de investigación internos, creación de bases de datos, publicación de revistas científicas; 4) propiedad intelectual: patentes y prototipos, publicaciones, conferencias impartidas, proyectos de investigación concluidos.
Factores éticos que influyen en la competitividad de las empresas en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Tarazona Josué Vladimir
Published: June 2017

Se condensan los aspectos de la investigación que describen la importancia de los factores éticos como determinantes de la competitividad, análisis realizado en el año 2014, específicamente en la mediana empresa del departamento del Quindío, la cual se estima que es un factor poco estudiado en el entorno de las teorías de la competitividad y entre los factores que posibilitan incrementos en la productividad. La metodología utilizada estableció tres etapas: a) recopilación de información relacionada para el planteamiento del problema y el marco teórico; b) 167 encuestas aplicadas a los trabajadores de las empresas pertinentes; c) 24 entrevistas a personas que desarrollan labores directivas con una segunda ronda, en grupos foco, con los mismos empresarios, para validar la información recopilada. En el transcurso de la investigación se pudieron comprobar las diferencias existentes en la concepción de la ética entre los trabajadores y los administrativos,  lo cual plantea un escenario diferente para cada grupo analizado. Esta heterogeneidad de experiencias éticas permitió establecer cuatro categorías de aspectos éticos, como son los valores morales en la gestión humana, la ética en el marketing, el tratamiento ecológico de los recursos y transparencia en el entorno macro. La investigación evidenció la trascendencia que para los trabajadores tiene la ética como factor de competitividad, a pesar de la poca relevancia que en la práctica se le atribuye; y para los empresarios los factores externos, como la corrupción, la falta de trasparencia y el hecho de que los hábitos morales en la administración pública es el aspecto de mayor influencia en la competitividad empresarial
La sostenibilidad desde una perspectiva de las áreas de negocios
Authors: Madero Gómez Sergio Manuel , Zarate Solís Itzel Alejandra
Published: June 2017

Hoy en día el término “sostenibilidad” es muy socorrido en todos los ámbitos de la vida diaria, pero sobre todo cuando se habla de procesos sostenibles, negocios sostenibles, administración sostenible. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar diversos aspectos relacionados con el concepto de sostenibilidad desde la visión teórica, con aplicación empresarial, donde surgen temas como “green marketing” para la forma de comercializar los productos, el área de operaciones con el concepto “sostenibilidad de las cadenas de suministro”, el área de recursos humanos, donde se crea el concepto “administración sostenible de recursos humanos”, con la finalidad de fortalecer la cultura empresarial en los principios de sostenibilidad y por último en el área financiera en donde se considera el concepto de “finanzas sostenibles”. A lo largo de este trabajo se pueden identificar los principales hallazgos del tema en cada una de las áreas de negocios y sus principales implicaciones, para poder generar una consciencia sobre la trascendencia que tiene en la actualidad el uso adecuado y responsable de los diferentes aspectos de la sostenibilidad tanto en el ambiente empresarial, como académico y social.
Política Pública para la promoción de la Innovación del Sector Alimentos en Colombia
Authors: Silva Castellanos Tulio Ferney , Echeverry Romero Ruben Darío , Rodríguez Orejuela Héctor Augusto , Ruano Arcos Leidi Dayely , Pineda Ospina Diana Lorena
Published: June 2017

Este artículo tiene como fin mostrar una evidencia empírica del avance de la innovación en la industria de alimentos y su asociación con los cambios más relevantes presentados a nivel de política pública institucional, para promover la transformación productiva y la competitividad en los últimos años en Colombia. Para dar cuenta de esta evolución, se realizó un análisis a partir de la Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica en la Industria Colombiana, de las sinergias entre los actores y las instituciones de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, la cual muestra como resultado que estos vínculos todavía no se solidifican y articulan porque el Sistema Nacional de Innovación está en su etapa embrionaria. En este sentido, se concluye que la innovación en Colombia con respecto a la industria de alimentos se adscribe en la “innovación abierta”, como una fase inicial de aprendizaje en todas las redes que la componen, en la cual además es clave el papel de la co-innovación y co-creación como una estrategia para la relación de intercambio y participación de los actores implicados.
MEKANISME PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERKARA PIDANA PORNOGRAFI MELALUI INTERNET
Authors: Christianto Hwian
Published: June 2017

Internet child pornography is criminalized in three different regulations, i.e. the Criminal Procedural Act (no. 8/1981), Electronic/Digital Information and Transaction Act (Act no. 11/2008) and Pornography Act (Act no. 44/2008).  As a result, law enforcers has to choose between these three different rulings and this may create uncertainty in which ruling from which act should prevail.  The author compares the above acts and reveals the comparative advantage of these three different acts in dealing with child pornography. The main finding here is that each act should be considered supplementary to each other and in combination should be enforced in such a way as to yield justice and legal certainty.
UPAYA KEBERATAN DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA PEMERINTAH DIKAITKAN DENGAN PRINSIP DALAM GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGREEMENT
Authors: Budi Yulianto Arief
Published: June 2017

The Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), as part of agreements made within the purview of the  World Trade Organization (WTO), opens up the doors for foreign businesses to enter the domestic market of government procurement (goods/services).  Indonesia at present does not yet signed the GPA but decided to become an observer instead. Consequently, the government decides to harmonize its national laws regulating government procurement mechanism or procedure with the international standard (GPA). This article shows that there still exist a huge difference in how the national law regulates the public auction procedure (complaints, challenges and dispute resolution mechanism) with the GPA, which is used as a reference.  This situation should be dealt with should Indonesia decides to sign and ratify the GPA.
Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration
Authors: Festa Elena K. , Katz Andrew P. , Ott Brian R. , Tremont Geoffrey , Heindel William C.
Published: June 2017

Effective audiovisual sensory integration involves dynamic changes in functional connectivity between superior temporal sulcus and primary sensory areas. This study examined whether disrupted connectivity in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) produces impaired audiovisual integration under conditions requiring greater corticocortical interactions. Audiovisual speech integration was examined in healthy young adult controls (YC), healthy elderly controls (EC), and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using McGurk-type stimuli (providing either congruent or incongruent audiovisual speech information) under conditions differing in the strength of bottom-up support and the degree of top-down lexical asymmetry. All groups accurately identified auditory speech under congruent audiovisual conditions, and displayed high levels of visual bias under strong bottom-up incongruent conditions. Under weak bottom-up incongruent conditions, however, EC and amnestic MCI groups displayed opposite patterns of performance, with enhanced visual bias in the EC group and reduced visual bias in the MCI group relative to the YC group. Moreover, there was no overlap between the EC and MCI groups in individual visual bias scores reflecting the change in audiovisual integration from the strong to the weak stimulus conditions. Top-down lexicality influences on visual biasing were observed only in the MCI patients under weaker bottom-up conditions. Results support a deficit in bottom-up audiovisual integration in early AD attributable to disruptions in corticocortical connectivity. Given that this deficit is not simply an exacerbation of changes associated with healthy aging, tests of audiovisual speech integration may serve as sensitive and specific markers of the earliest cognitive change associated with AD.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Triggers Synaptic Deficits via Activation of p38 MAP Kinase Signaling in Differentiated Alzheimer’s Disease Trans-Mitochondrial Cybrid Cells
Authors: Yu Qing , Du Fang , Douglas Justin T. , Yu Haiyang , Yan Shirley ShiDu , Yan Shi Fang
Published: June 2017

Loss of synapse and synaptic dysfunction contribute importantly to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are early pathological features in AD-affected brain. However, the effect of AD mitochondria on synaptogenesis remains to be determined. Using human trans-mitochondrial “cybrid” (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells whose mitochondria were transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD or age-matched non-AD subjects with relatively normal cognition, we provide the first evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction compromises synaptic development and formation of synapse in AD cybrid cells in response to chemical-induced neuronal differentiation. Compared to non-AD control cybrids, AD cybrid cells showed synaptic loss which was evidenced by a significant reduction in expression of two synaptic marker proteins: synaptophysin (presynaptic marker) and postsynaptic density protein-95, and neuronal proteins (MAP-2 and NeuN) upon neuronal differentiation. In parallel, AD-mediated synaptic deficits correlate to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as well as activation of p38 MAP kinase. Notably, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by pharmacological specific p38 inhibitor significantly increased synaptic density, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress. These results suggest that activation of p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway contributes to AD-mediated impairment in neurogenesis, possibly by inhibiting the neuronal differentiation. Our results provide new insight into the crosstalk of dysfunctional AD mitochondria to synaptic formation and maturation via activation of p38 MAP kinase. Therefore, blockade of p38 MAP kinase signal transduction could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD by alleviating loss of synapses.
The feasibility of low-dose CT perfusion imaging in gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Zong-Qiong , Ge Yu-Xi , Chen Lin , Li Jie , Jin Lin-Fang , Xie Zhi-Hui
Published: June 2017

PURPOSE:

To investigate feasibility of applying low-dose CT perfusion imaging (CTPI) to diagnose gastric cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Twenty patients with gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopic biopsy were undergone routine dose (120 kV, 100 mA) and low-dose (120 kV, 50 mA) CTPI examination, respectively. The original data were processed by body perfusion software, and the perfusion parameters values including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and permeability surface (PS) of gastric cancer were measured. Statistical data analyses including paired-samples t test, Pearson correlation analysis and Bland-Altman consistency test were used to compare the perfusion parameters values between the routine dose and low-dose CTPI examinations. Radiation dosage, which the patients received during two CTPI examinations, was also calculated and compared.

RESULTS:

There were no statistical differences in the BF, BV and PS values between routine dose group and low-dose group ( P > 0.05), and there were significant correlation in the BF, BV and PS values between two groups ( P <  0.01). The consistency of BF and BV values between the two groups was preferable to that of PS value. The radiation dosage of the low-dose group was much less than that of routine dose group, and the CTDIvol and DLP values of low-dose CTPI were decreased by 50%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The parameters BF and BV values may play a valuable role in the diagnosis and assessment of gastric cancer in low-dose CTPI examination.
Bacteria from Animals as a Pool of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
Authors: Argudín Maria , Deplano Ariane , Meghraoui Alaeddine , Dodémont Magali , Heinrichs Amelie , Denis Olivier , Nonhoff Claire , Roisin Sandrine
Published: June 2017

Antimicrobial agents are used in both veterinary and human medicine. The intensive use of antimicrobials in animals may promote the fixation of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria, which may be zoonotic or capable to transfer these genes to human-adapted pathogens or to human gut microbiota via direct contact, food or the environment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the use of antimicrobial agents in animal health and explores the role of bacteria from animals as a pool of antimicrobial resistance genes for human bacteria. This review focused in relevant examples within the ESC(K)APE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile (Klebsiella pneumoniae), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae) group of bacterial pathogens that are the leading cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world.
Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase in Angiogenesis: Isoform-Specific Effects
Authors: Wang Haibo , Hartnett M.
Published: June 2017

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones and is implicated in physiologic vascular development, pathologic blood vessel growth, and vascular restoration. This is in contrast to vasculogenesis, which is de novo growth of vessels from vascular precursors, or from vascular repair that occurs when circulating endothelial progenitor cells home into an area and develop into blood vessels. The objective of this review is to discuss the isoform-specific role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis and vascular repair, but will not specifically address vasculogenesis. As the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), NOX has gained increasing attention in angiogenesis. Activation of NOX leads to events necessary for physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, including EC migration, proliferation and tube formation. However, activation of different NOX isoforms has different effects in angiogenesis. Activation of NOX2 promotes pathologic angiogenesis and vascular inflammation, but may be beneficial in revascularization in the hindlimb ischemic model. In contrast, activation of NOX4 appears to promote physiologic angiogenesis mainly by protecting the vasculature during ischemia, hypoxia and inflammation and by restoring vascularization, except in models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and diabetes where NOX4 activation leads to pathologic angiogenesis.