bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF US SANCTIONS AND COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON IRANIAN ECONOMY
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Abdülkadir , NABİLOU Hamid , HALİS Muhsin
Published: April 2022

In international arena, governments opt for different means, either material or immaterial, to realize their national goals and interests. In addition, these means impact the competitive governments’ critical interests indirectly and this causes them to change their behavior. In an era when use of force in international relations has declined or governments use the option more carefully, the ways of affecting other sensitive realms has changed an instance of which is sanction. The sanctions imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program have impacted Iran’s relationship with other countries and its national interests. Due to these sanctions, Iran has lost its relationship with many countries especially European ones. In addition, economic consequences of the pandemic are clearly negative. Business relations which could cause disease spread are also negatively impacted by this situation. Meanwhile, the pandemic is undermining the last stage of a long period of rapid global integration. Although global economy will not be damaged like it was back in 1910s, future historians will unsurprisingly refer to the pandemic as one of the consequences of globalization which ultimately led to a new era of global business. This study adopted a descriptive-analytical design and to do so, SPSS Software (version. 19) was used and questionnaire forms were distributed in a statistical population which consisted of managers and experts of industrial sectors of Iran. This study aims to review the impact of US sanctions and COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian economy. The results suggested that US sanctions and COVID-19 have a significant impact on performance of management, production and development of small and medium industries.
Neutrosophic Two Way ANOVA
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria., .. Mahmoud ,   Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria,   Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria., .. Mohamad Taher , Zeina Mohamed Bisher
Published: April 2022

In this paper, well-known two way analysis of variance (Two Way ANOVA) is generalized to neutrosophic two way ANOVA dealing with neutrosophic data of the form N=D+I. Neutrosophic two way anova is a neutrosophic linear model test wheteher there is a significant difference between different treatments and whether there is a significant difference between different sectors keeping the type I error low. An algotithm is introduced to calculate fisher test statistics when we have neutrosophic data and we are testing two hypothesizes, first is to test differences between treatments and second is to test differences between sectors.
Properties of Detour Central and Detour Boundary Vertices in Neutrosophic Graphs
Authors:   Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala RD Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Devi R. Narmada ,   Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala RD Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,   PG Department of mathematics, Women’s Christian College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., G.Muthumari G , Jersha J. Bravelin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the idea of neutrosophic detour boundary vertices and neutrosophic detour center vertices in neutrosophic graph is introduced. Here the concept of neutrosophic detour eccentricity, neutrosophic detour radius, neutrosophic detour diameter, neutrosophic detour neighbourhood vertex are studied. Several interesting properties related to of eccentric nodes, peripheral nodes, and central nodes in neutrosophic graphs are established.
An Optimality-theoretic Approach to Weight of Superheavy Syllables in Qassimi Arabic
Authors: Alhoody Metab, M., , Aljutaily Mohammad, F.,
Published: April 2022

The ultimate purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of superheavy syllables (i.e. CVVC and CVCC) in Qassimi Arabic (QA), a sub-dialect of Najdi Arabic, which is mainly spoken in central Saudi Arabia, particularly, in the cities of Qassim Region. In order to do this, an Optimality-theoretic account is used to account for the moraic structures of these superheavy syllables. In general, the study finds out that CVVC and CVCC are both allowed to surface in Qassimi Arabic in final and non-final positions. Furthermore, using mora-sharing analysis (Broselow 1992; Broselow et al. 1995 and 1997; Watson 2007), the study observes the occurrence of CVVC and CVCC both in word-finally and word-internally. In particular, the study maintains that by proposing the dominant of (MORAICCODA) constraint over (FINAL-C-μ) constraint, the analysis of mora-sharing is superior to that of extrametricality. Thus, the paper suggests that the notion that all coda consonants in Arabic are moraic, including the last consonants of final-CVC syllables (Broselow et al. 1997).
A study of the influence of selected weather parameters on biomass production in ragi
Authors: GANESAN GS , AHOBALA HR , RAO RAO , MATHURBUTHESWARAN G
Published: April 2022

An attempt has been made for obtaining a relationship be:tween biomass production in ragi (Eleusme coracana Gaertn)-Indaf 5, grown over Bangalore GKVK farm during the period 1932 to 1985 and a few selected weather parameters, namely growing degree days, open pan evaporation and evapotranspiration. The equation or the form Y = ea+b log x, where Y is the biomass production in quintals/hectare and x is the growing degree days or open pan evaporation or evapotranspiration, Is most satisfactory. The other forms of equation considered for suitability are :

Y=a+bx, Y=a+b log x and Y=ea+bx
Oscillation of the eastern end of the monsoon trough
Authors: BISWAS B
Published: April 2022

In this study the north-south oscillatory motions of the monsoon trough lying east of Long. 83° E have been examined by plotting its day-to-day position along Long. 88°E for the months of July, August  and September for a period of twelve years (1972-1983), The actual nature and the extent of fluctuations of the axis of the trough and its most favoured positions and mean position have been found out. The movements of the trough along three different longitudes of 84°E, 88°E and 92°E for one month have also been discussed for having an idea regarding the real and relative north-south movements of the trough along those meridians.

The distribution of rainfall over northeast India related to the various positions of the trough together with  the associated synoptic situations have also been discussed in brief.
Withdrawal of southwest monsoon 1985 -Diagnostic study of cyclonic storms and onset of northeast monsoon
Authors: SINGH RANJIT
Published: April 2022

In this paper a study has been made of the four cyclonic disturbances that formed in the first fortnight of October 1985 in the Indian seas. The longitude, where these disturbances recurved, progressively advanced from 75° E to 90° E. This is due to the displacement of a quasi-stationary westerly trough in the upper atmosphere from 70° E to 90° E, which further led to the withdrawal of SW monsoon and onset of NE monsoon. The entire development process and steering of these disturbances took place because of their interaction with the westerly troughs of middle latitude.
Crustal velocity models for Koyna earthquakes based On DSS explosions (NGRI vs IMD)
Authors: SRIVASTAVA HN
Published: April 2022

Crustal velocity models have been evaluated for the Koyna region based on DSS explosion, by IMD (Srivastava et al. 1984) and NGRI (Kaila et al. 1981) by comparing the epicentral parameters of well recorded earthquakes of magnitude>.4 through HYPO.71 computer programme. The location of 4 large explosions has also been computed by these two models. The hypocentral parameters of the main Koyna earthquake of December 1967  have also been discussed whose focal depth was reported about 2 km (Srivastava 2nd Dube 1982) based on P-wave arrival time only. It is inferred that IMD's model with P and S wave velocities/structures provide better results in the monitoring of micro-earthquake activity and their source mechanism in the vicinity of Koyna reservoir.
Evaluation of a multi-level primitive equations limited area model for short range prediction over Indian region
Authors: MOHANTY UC , PALIWAL RK , TYAGI A , JOHN A
Published: April 2022

A five-level primitive equations limited area model (LAM) in flux form is considered in this study for short range prediction in the tropics. The model physics includes boundary layer, dry convective adjustment, deep cumulus convection and large scale condensation. The effect of mountains including Himalayas is incorporated through sigma coordinate formulation. An efficient split-explicit time integration scheme with time dependent lateral boundary conditions are used. This study addresses the problem of short range numerical weather prediction over Indian sub-continent during SW monsoon season. The model is integrated up to 48 hours with four typical cases representing a cut-off low, onset vortex, mid-tropospheric cyclone and monsoon depression situation during special observing period-II (MONEX) of the FGGE-1979. The model produced reasonably good forecasts of surface pressure, wind and temperature fields up to 48 hours. However, the precipitation forecasts were not very satisfactory
On some aspects of marginal cyclones
Authors: KALSI SR
Published: April 2022

Very few of the tropical vortices attain the intensity of hurricanes whereas quite a few of them reach up to the stage of marginal cyclones. One of the very important factors quoted often for blocking the intensification of a tropical cyclone is the wind shear of the ambient environment", Only when the tropical vortex comes under the influence of more powerful but favourable factors, does the further intensification take place. Amongst the numerous factors which may lead to intensification of an incipient tropical vortex are the influence of interaction with westerly troughs and increased boundary layer convergence as a result of landfall. This paper describes satellite observed aspects of evolution in strongly sheared environment, role of westerly troughs and temporary intensification of tropical cyclones on approaching a coast. Finally difficulties encountered in the tropical cyclone intensity analysis using INSAT-1B data are highlighted to apprise the readers of limitations  of satellite analysis currently being pursued.
Temperature anomaly over Antarctica and monsoon activity
Authors: DATTA RK
Published: April 2022

Antarctica covers a significant portion of the southern hemisphere where surface temperature can be as low as -70°C compared to the surface temperature of 28°C over equatorial region. In this study a possible linkage between anomalies of surface temperature over Antarctica and the performance of monsoon has been examined.

 

It is observed that the preceding January surface temperature anomaly pattern over Antarctica has an association with the performance of the following monsoon. Drought years are preceded by predominantly warm anomalies over Antarctica and good monsoon years are preceded by equally marked cold anomalies.
Parametric and power regression models: New approach to long range forecasting of monsoon rainfall in India
Authors: GOWARIKER VASANT , THAPLIYAL V , SARKER RP , MANDAL GS , SIKKA DR
Published: April 2022

Monsoon is a complex system. As such it is not yet possible to develop a deterministic model for long range forecasting of monsoon rainfall. An attempt h!1.s been made here to develop a parametric and a power regression model to predict monsoon rainfall by utilising signals from 15 parameters known to be related with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Some of the parameters are global and others are regional in nature. These parameters also have physical links with the Indian summer monsoon. Some of these parameters are inter-related. The parametric model, which analyses the monsoon rainfall vis-à-vis  the 15 parameters for the last 37 years (1951.-1987), shows encouraging results. It is observed that whenever more than 70% parameters showed favourable signals, the monsoon rainfall in India was not only normal (percentage departure of rainfall -+10% of normal), but it was towards the positive side of the normal. In .1988, a large number (87%) of parameters were favourable. Based on this analysis the long range forecast for monsoon 1988 was estimated towards the positive side of the normal and actually the monsoon rainfall in 1988 was above normal (+19% of the normal) .

 

This parametric model is purely a qualitative decision making tool where equal weightage has been given to all the 15 parameters. However, the relationship of monsoon rainfall with individual predictors exhibits a nonlinear relationship. To take care of this non-linearity, a curvilinear relationship has been determined by fitting the equation of different degrees. The best fit degree of relationship with all the 15 parameters has been combined and a power regression model has been developed. The forecasts from this power regression model have been found encouraging both during the sample period (1958-1980) on which the model is developed, as well as during the independent test period (1981-1988). The power regression model has correctly predicted the drought and large excess rainfall during the sample and independent test periods.

 

The performance of the power regression model has been compared with that of the multiple linear regression model, formed by utilising exactly the same set of data which was used for formulating the power model. Comparison of two models shows that the performance of power regression model is better than that of the multiple regression model
Forecasting thunderstorms around Delhi and Jodhpur during March and June
Authors: LAL ASOI
Published: April 2022

Total-Totals Index (TTI) has been used to explore  the possibility of forecasting thunder  storm activity around Delhi and Jodhpur during March and June. Higher values of TTI are associated with more favorable conditions of thunderstorm activity. Prediction of thunderstorm within a limited range of TTI IS uncertain when the chances of occurrence and non-occurrence of thunderstorm are equal.
“For She Loved Much”: Reason Clauses in Translation
Authors: Kroeger Paul
Published: April 2022

This article discusses translation issues that arise in dealing with reason clauses of the types introduced in English by the conjunctions because and for. Because, in its subordinating usage, introduces AT-ISSUE reason clauses, in which both the propositional content of the reason clause and the causal relation itself are part of the main point that is being asserted or questioned. Causal for introduces SUPPLEMENTAL reason clauses, which provide secondary or background-type information. An at-issue reason clause expresses a literal causal relation between two propositions (“real-world causation”), whereas supplemental reason clauses allow a wider range of uses, such as providing evidential/epistemic validation (Mark 14:70 “Surely you are one of them, for you too are a Galilean”) and speech act modification (Luke 12:17 “What shall I do, for I have nowhere to store my crops”). Moreover, at-issue reason clauses can have ambiguous interpretations when the main clause is negated, questioned, or contains quantifier words like few and many. This kind of ambiguity does not arise with supplemental reason clauses. Because of these differences, translating a supplemental reason clause in the SL with an at-issue reason clause in the RL, or vice versa, will affect the information packaging of the verse, since the reason clause is interpreted as being part of the main point of the utterance in one type, but not in the other. This kind of substitution will also add to or restrict the range of possible meanings of the sentence. In some cases, this can introduce ambiguity into the RL that is not present in the SL. In others, it may even remove the correct, intended meaning of the verse as a potential reading of the RL version.
Синтез новых производных изатина, содержащих 1,2,3-триазольное кольцо
Authors: Галстян А. С. , Еганян Т. А. , Кочикян Т. В.
Published: April 2022

Взаимодействием N-пропаргилизатина с бензилазидами в условиях CuAAC (Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) клик реакции были получены соответствующие 1,2,3-триазолоизатины с хорошими выходами. На базе последних получены соответствующие тиосемикарбазоны, которые могут являться синтонами для построения новых гетероциклических систем.
Xây Dựng Bộ Điều Khiển Hồi Tiếp Tuyến Tính Hóa Vào-Ra Cho Hệ Con Lắc Ngược Quay
Authors: Võ Minh Tài , Trần Vi Đô , Vũ Văn Phong , Trần Đức Thiện , Nguyễn Minh Tâm , Ngô Văn Thuyên , Trần Thanh Phong , Nguyễn Văn Đông Hải
Published: April 2022

Con lắc ngược quay là hệ thống phi tuyến và là mô hình phổ biến trong các ứng dụng kiểm chứng kỹ thuật điều khiển. Hệ con lắc ngược quay đại diện cho một lớp các hệ thống under – actuated. Trong bài báo này, tác giả ứng dụng bộ điều khiển hồi tiếp tuyến tính hóa vào ra với đối tượng hệ con lắc ngược quay, để đánh giá độ ổn định của hệ thống. Mô phỏng được thực hiện trong môi trường Matlab/Simulink cho thấy thông số điều khiển được tìm kiếm thông qua giải thuật di truyền làm hệ thống cân bằng tại vị trí thẳng đứng hướng lên. Thuật toán điều khiển được xây dựng trong môi trường Matlab/Simulink thông qua vi điều khiển STM32F407VG Discovery. Kết quả thực nghiệm được trình bày để đánh giá độ ổn định, tính hiệu quả của bộ điều khiển mà tác giả xây dựng.
Risk Management Education for Kentucky Farm Women
Authors: Hunter Jennifer L. , Meyer A. Lee , Lovett Sarah
Published: April 2022

This article describes how an agricultural and farm risk management education program, known as Annie’s Project, was adapted from a midwestern focus to meet the diversity of Kentucky agriculture and shares the results of a longer-term evaluation of the Kentucky program. The Annie’s Project program is geared specifically to the needs of farm women. The program adaption process, which began in late 2006, is detailed from inception through pilot testing to the full launch of the program. Over a four year period, the Kentucky Annie’s Project program reached 425 farm women in 41 of Kentucky’s 120 counties. The evaluation draws on the results of a questionnaire mailed to program participants 18 months to 5 years after programming. Participants reported statistically significant gains in all topical areas representing agricultural risk management education, including production, human resources, marketing, legal, and financial. Key actions which occurred as a result of participating in the program included increasing confidence in management abilities, reviewing personal/farm insurances policies, developing a network of peers and professionals, and using financial statements.
Utilizing Technology to Encourage Healthy Lifestyles
Authors: Shuster Cynthia , Brinkman Patricia , Barlage Lisa , Treber Michelle , Brown Dana , Goard Linnette
Published: April 2022

In our fast paced world, using technology allows us to connect with people and assist them in developing healthier lifestyles within their time limits due to families, work, and other responsibilities. The goal of our project was the development of online, technology-based, nutrition, health, and fitness education challenges using social media as a means of helping consumers develop healthy lifestyle changes. Participants completed preassessments and postassessments to determine overall program impact and to self-report perceptions of knowledge gained and practice/behavior change. Results from the challenges indicated participants gained knowledge on nutrition, health and fitness topics while making strides towards lifestyle changes and adoption of healthy habits. Results revealed healthier eating habits were developed and physical activity was increased with many participants losing weight. Ease of participating was the most reported reason for participating in the challenges. To determine “best practice,” varying lengths of time for the challenges from four, seven, and thirteen weeks allowed the educators to derive implications for future programming, including branding, length of the challenge, frequency, and participant behavior change. To remain relevant and reach a greater diversity of populations, educators need to continue to explore and utilize various social media tools.
Exploring Familial Themes in Malaysian Students’ Eating Behaviors
Authors: Kok Car Mun
Published: April 2022

Food-related attitudes and habits are integral to overall well-being, especially among international college students who often practice poor eating habits and experience high levels of stress from factors like school and sociocultural adjustment. Utilizing in-depth interviews, this study explored how family experiences impact food-related habits, attitudes, and beliefs of Malaysian college students in the U.S. Findings indicate that early experiences with family substantially impact current habits that persist even after coming to the U.S. and that dietary choices and habits are heavily embedded in cultural background and family history. Family influenced current habits through multiple means, including modeling, direct teaching, and indirectly through various family activities. Even though there were some persistent and lasting eating habits and behaviors, students also experienced some dietary changes and conflicting dietary practices after coming to the U.S. These findings are important for universities to consider so that appropriate steps can be taken to ensure the health and wellbeing of Malaysian and other international students in the U.S.
İleri Glikasyon Son Ürünlerinin Gebelik Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Akın Özlem , Demirel Özbek Yağmur
Published: April 2022

İleri glikasyon son ürünleri, çok çeşitli yapısal ve fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip, herhangi bir canlı organizmada oluşan ve enzimatik olmayan bileşiklerdir. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri reseptöre veya doğrudan hücre dışı matrikse bağlanır ve hücre dışı moleküllerin istenilen şekilde çalışmamasına yol açar. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri ve reseptör etkileşimleri inflamasyon, oksidatif stres, vasküler hiperpermeabilite ile sonuçlanarak vaskülatürde homeostatik bozulmaya neden olur. Oksidatif bozukluklar ve inflamasyon; gestasyonel diyabet, preeklemsi, erken doğum, erken membran rüptürü ve tekrarlayan gebelik kaybı gibi olumsuz gebelik sonuçları ile ilişkilidir. Literatüre bakıldığında inflamasyon fetal membranları zayıflatarak erken rüptüre ve erken doğuma sebep olabilmektedir. İleri glikasyon son ürünleri düzeyinin yüksek olması ve bozulmuş metabolik durumun gebelikte preeklemsinin fizyopatolojisine etki ettiği gestasyonel diabetes mellitus ve tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları ile ilişkilendirildiği belirtilmektedir. Çalışmalar, gebelik ve AGE’lerin düzeyi arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. AGE’ler ve gebelik arasındaki nedensel ilişkiyi bulmak için daha iyi tasarlanmış çalışmalar yapılması literatür açısından önem taşımaktadır.
HOTEL RECOMMENDER SYSTEM
Authors: Karle Shivam A.
Published: April 2022

While planning for a holiday the first thing that comes in our head is to book a good place to stay. But it is a challenge in finding the best hotel from thousand’s of hotels to choose from. Motivated by this thought we decided to make a hotel recommender system that can recommend hotel based on hotel description and user reviews. A system which is capable of understanding human sentences and applying that understanding of it in our recommendation was a goal for us. In this paper we discuss how hotel recommendation was made possible using user reviews and hotel description. Key Words: Recommendation system, hotel, reviews, Internet, hotel industry
Effects of Resistance Circuit Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in People With Paraplegia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Son Minkyoung , Lee Hyejin , Lee Bum-Suk , Kim EunYoung , Yun Hyeyeong , Kim Seck Jin , Kim JaeHak , Jin Seung-Mo , Eun Seon-Deok
Published: April 2022

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 8 weeks of resistance circuit training in people with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury.Methods Participants were randomized into experimental and control groups. Although the intensity and sequence of movements of the exercise programs were identical in both groups, the resting time between sets was limited to 1 minute in the experimental group. In the control group, the participants were allowed to rest until they were comfortable. Both groups received 8 weeks of training twice per week. Before and after the program, muscle mass, body fat percentage, fat mass, blood pressure, heart rate, muscle strength and muscular endurance were evaluated, and 6-minute propulsion test was conducted. Additionally, the safety of the program was assessed.Results Twenty-two individuals with paraplegia were enrolled (11 in each group). After the training program, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the resting blood pressure and improvement in the upper extremity muscle mass, strength, and endurance (p<0.05). Each variable showed significant inter-group differences (p<0.05). Furthermore, none of the participants showed autonomic adverse events, musculoskeletal side effects, or discomfort.Conclusion The results show that resistance circuit training programs with short resting intervals are superior to the usual resistance exercise programs in improving the blood pressure and physical strength and are safe for people with upper thoracic level injuries at T6 or higher.
Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
Authors: Shin Joon-Ho
Published: April 2022

This dementia epidemiology fact sheet 2022 is aimed at providing an overview of the epidemiology of dementia in Korea using representative government-led data. This review summarizes the prevalence and incidence of this condition using various types of data. The prevalence and incidence of dementia have increased and are predicted to continue to do so. This information will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention.
Rehabilitation of Individuals With Cancer
Authors: Mayer Robert Samuel , Engle Jessica
Published: April 2022

The survival rate of cancer is increasing as treatment improves. As patients with cancer now live longer, impairments may arise that impact quality of life (QOL) and function. Therefore, a focus on QOL is often as important as survival. An interdisciplinary team can achieve goal-oriented and patient-centered rehabilitation, which can optimize function and QOL, and minimize impairments, restrictions, and activity limitations. In most cases, cancer patients must be active participants in therapy and exhibit carryover. Patients with cancer often have impairments that include fatigue, pain, brain fog, impaired cognition, paresis, mood disorders, difficulty with activities of daily living (ADL), bowel/bladder/sexual dysfunction, and bone and soft tissue involvement. Adaptive equipment, exercise, and ADL training can mitigate restrictions on activity. The trajectory and phase of the disease along the continuum of cancer care may influence the goals of rehabilitation in that time window. QOL is often influenced by participation in vocational, recreational, and home-based activities. A holistic perspective should include an analysis of distress, socioeconomic barriers, and transportation limitations when addressing issues.
Gefördert und überfordert?
Authors: Berthele Raphael
Published: April 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden Daten von Primarschulkindern aus dem Kanton Zürich diskutiert. Individuelle Lernvoraussetzungen wurden via kognitive, sprachbezogene und affektive Variablen gemessen, ausserdem wurden die Sprachkompetenzen in Deutsch und Englisch über knapp zwei Schuljahre hinweg gemessen. Im Beitrag vergleiche ich verschiedene sonderpädagogisch geförderte Gruppen miteinander, sowohl im quer- als auch im Längsschnitt. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, ob gewisse Lernergruppen durch Fremdsprachen überfordert sind. Im Vergleich der Gruppen zeigt sich insbesondere im Längsschnitt, dass die sonderpädagogisch Geförderten im Vergleich zu den Nichtgeförderten nicht zurückfallen.
Pragmatic skills and socio-emotional needs in children with developmental language disorder
Authors: Turker Sabrina , Pu Dai , Ballard Kirrie
Published: April 2022

Children who exhibit severe difficulties in the expression and/or comprehension of language are considered to have a developmental language disorder (DLD). The language of children with DLD is characterized by numerous errors, demonstrated most frequently and severely in the areas of phonology and morphosyntax. Recently, it has been revealed that aspects of language not directly related to grammar, such as the social use of language, i.e., communicative skills, may pose difficulties as well. Therefore, the assessment of pragmatic and social emotional skills in these children is a rather recent and highly intriguing field of study that needs further investigation. In the present article, we discuss the necessity of assessing pragmatic and social emotional skills in children (especially with DLD). Moreover, we advocate for the consideration of individual differences in the social use of language in affected children and suggest that, primarily, skills that require the active use of language, e.g., the various aspects of turn taking and topic selection/maintenance/change, seem to be most challenging. Last, we discuss how teachers, parents, and peers can help prevent and overcome socioemotional needs of children with DLD.
Victims or agents for change?
Authors: Greco Sara , Mercuri Chiara , De Cock Barbara
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes the social media debate on sustainable fashion on the basis of a multilingual dataset of Instagram posts and tweets. We focus on how women are discursively represented in terms of agentivity and how this is associated to different argumentative strategies. Our findings reveal a clear link between an argumentation denouncing the “ill” of the fashion system and women represented as victims; and between arguments proposing a “cure” to the problem and women represented either as recipients of a positive action or as agents bringing about change. Positive representation of women as agents is often made through arguments based on concrete examples, which show that change is already happening.
Geschlechtergerechte Sprache
Authors: Siegenthaler Aline
Published: April 2022

Seit der Publikation der ersten Leitfäden für geschlechtergerechte Sprache in den 1980er Jahren hat sich einiges getan. An vielen Institutionen gehören solche Leitfäden mittlerweile zum guten Ton. Doch wie sieht die Situation in den Schweizer Universitäten und Hochschulen aus? Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert deren Leitfäden für geschlechtergerechte Sprache, mit dem Ziel zu zeigen, für wen die Anwendung dieser obligatorisch ist und welche Strategien der geschlechtergerechten Sprache darin vorgeschlagen werden. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Leitfäden oft nur für die Redaktion interner Dokumente verbindlich sind und sich gesamthaft eher auf die Sichtbarmachung von Frauen und auf Neutralisierungsstrategien fokussieren als auf die Sichtbarmachung von vielfältigen Geschlechtsidentitäten.
Les langues, actrices de la médiation
Authors: Lambelet Amelia , Losa Stefano , Peyer Elisabeth , Thonhauser Ingo
Published: April 2022

Lorsque nous avons commencé à conceptualiser ce numéro spécial de Babylonia, nous ne nous attendions pas à ce que son titre – médiation – ne soit si adapté et si actuel. L’idée même de médiation prend en effet un sens tout particulier pour Babylonia qui fête avec ce numéro ses trente ans d’existence dans un contexte où la transmission d’information revêt une importance fondamentale (voir l’édito de la rédaction). Mais qu’est-ce exactement que la médiation ? Comme nous le soulignions dans notre appel à contributions, de la médiation nous en faisons tous, tous les jours, à chaque fois que nous entrons en contact avec quelqu’un. Il s’agit en effet de cette activité, avant tout langagière, qui vise à trouver un point commun entre deux ou plusieurs parties. Il est souvent question de médiation quand il y a désaccord ou incompréhension, mais aussi quand il s’agit de trouver un terrain d’entente sans qu’il y ait préalablement un conflit. Elle peut prendre des formes écrites, formalisées et durables, comme un acte de médiation, tout comme elle peut se réaliser dans des formes plus verbales, locales et évanescentes, comme un échange de mots entre deux personnes.
La parole aux lecteurs
Authors: Lambelet Amelia
Published: April 2022

En 1991 était publié le tout premier numéro de Babylonia, il numero-prova 0_1991. Il était accompagné d’un questionnaire aux lecteurs visant à évaluer le besoin d’une revue plurilingue s’adressant aux praticiens de langues en Suisse, et décider ainsi du futur de l’initiative, «il "se" e il "come" della sua futura esistenza » (p.2)

Après presque trente ans d’existence, la revue compte en effet plus de 500 abonnements (en comptant particuliers et institutions) et peut se targuer d’attirer des contributeurs tant en Suisse qu’à l’étranger. Nous avons pourtant décidé pour ce numéro-jubilé de redonner la parole à nos lecteurs sur des questions similaires à celles de 1991, pour nous assurer que la revue corresponde toujours aux attentes de ses lecteurs. Nous avons donc créé un court questionnaire en ligne reprenant trois questions de l’enquête initiale de 1991, et la complétant par des questions plus spécifiques aux défis actuels et changements à venir.
Vermittlung in Zukunft – Babylonia wird noch zugänglicher
Authors: Stotz Daniel
Published: April 2022

Neben mir auf dem Boden meines Büros stehen gegenwärtig zwei Kisten voller Babylonia-Ausgaben. Die Sammlung umfasst alle Nummern seit Beginn meiner Mitarbeit als Redaktor im Jahr 2001. Die Jahrgänge davor, seit der Probenummer von 1991, würden nochmals eine Box füllen. Wenn man die Zeitschriften auspacken und aneinanderlegen würde, wäre der Korridor vor dem Büro nicht lang genug. Gut, 30 Meter sind immer noch eine überschaubare Strecke, doch wenn man das Unternehmen Babylonia auf der Zeitachse anschaut und die beinahe 30 Jahre seit der Gründung ermisst, ergibt sich eine erkleckliche Menge von gedruckten Wörtern, Bildern, Erfahrungen, Gedanken und möglichen Schlussfolgerungen.
Hommage an Ruth Bader Ginsburg (und Emilie Lieberherr)
Authors: Loder Buechel Laura , Buechel Zoe
Published: April 2022

Mit dieser Hommage an Ruth Bader Ginsburg möchte die Babylonia-Redaktion Sie zu unserem neuesten Feature, den Amuse-bouche didactiques - Praxis-Gluschterli - Unterrichtshäppchen - spuntini didattici - buccadinas didacticas, begrüssen! Zum Start ins neue Jahr mit Themen zu sozialer Gerechtigkeit und Frauenrechten wollen wir bewährte Lektionen aus dem Englischunterricht in Zürich mit Ihnen teilen, die in ähnlicher Weise auch für andere Sprachen verwendet werden können.
Study on Interaction Capabilities of Ternary Liquid Mixtures by Thermodynamic Parameters at 308.15 K
Authors: KRİSHNAMOORTHY Uma Sivakami , SUNDARRAJAN Vaideeswaran , AMBROSE Rosevenis , SHENBAGAM K.
Published: April 2022

Thermodynamic properties provide a deep and significant insight of the various interactions taking place multi component liquid mixtures especially in the field of petrochemical and reservoir engineering. The density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity were measured experimentally for diethylmalonate (DEM) +1,4-dioxane with nitrobenzene (TM-1) and diethylmalonate (DEM) +1,4-dioxane + toluene (TM-2) at the temperature of 308.15K and atmospheric pressure over the entire range of mole fraction. The excess thermodynamic properties such as excess volume (VE), excess adiabatic compressibility (ΔKs), excess viscosity (Δɳ), excess free volume (ΔVF), excess free length (ΔLF), excess isothermal compressibility (ΔβΤ), were calculated from measured values and applied to Redlich - Kister polynomial equation to determine the appropriate coefficients. The excess or deviation properties were found to be either negative or positive depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of liquid mixtures. The deviations of the ternary mixtures from its ideal behaviour were determined in order to investigate the molecular interaction between the components of ternary liquid mixtures.
Screening of Different Fungicides in Controlling Wheat Blast in Bangladesh
Authors: Farthouse J. , Kashem M. A. , Hasan M. K. , Khalil M. I. , Haque M. M. , Nabi K. M. E.
Published: April 2022

Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an aggressive fungal disease threatening wheat production in Bangladesh. In the absence of resistant varieties, fungicide control is a first-hand effort. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different fungicides against wheat blast in pot conditions and to identify the best one for preventive spray. The efficacy of five fungicides i.e., Nativo 75WG (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%), Trooper 75 WP (Tricyclazole), Two in One (Hexaconazole 3% + Tricyclazole 22%), Opponent 75 WG (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) and Azonil 56 SC (Azoxystrobin 6% + Chlorothalonil 50%) against wheat blast was evaluated. The blast susceptible variety BARI Gom 26 was planted in pot following CRD with three replications. Wheat plants (52 days old) were inoculated with spore suspension (107 CFU) from 7 days old MoT cultures grown on oat meal agar at 25°C. Fungicides were sprayed at the pre-heading stage (52 DAS) after 48 hours of inoculation. Data on disease incidence and severity were scored for seven times after first appearance of disease symptoms. The results indicate Nativo exhibited the highest level of fungicidal activity against blast with a 40.10% disease incidence and 91.81% severity, followed by Trooper with a 47.36% incidence and 97.45% severity. The diseases incidence for the rest three fungicides ranged from 53.90% to 85.10%. Nativo and Trooper showed 52.88 % and 44.35 % blast reductions respectively. It can be concluded that Nativo and Trooper fungicides can be used to control wheat blast by spraying twice at the 10 days interval at pre-heading stage.
Characterization of Elemental Composition and Valence State of Cyclone-collected Aerosol Particles Using EDXRF and XAFS at Three Sites in Japan
Authors: Jing Weidong , Saito Katsutomo , Okamoto Takuma , Saito Hibiki , Sugimoto Kazuki , Nishita-Hara Chiharu , Hara Keiichiro , Hayashi Masahiko , Hasegawa Shuichi , Okuda Tomoaki
Published: April 2022

The valence state and concentration of metallic pollutants are important factors contributing to the health effects of respirable particulate matter (PM); however, they have not been well studied. In this study, coarse and fine powder samples of atmospheric PM were collected using a cyclone system at Kanagawa (KO), Saitama (SA), and Fukuoka (FU) in Japan in 2017. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) was used to measure the concentrations of nine metallic elements (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to analyze the valence states of target elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn). The EDXRF results indicated that the average contents of Fe, Ti, and Zn were much higher than those of the other six elements in all samples. The XAFS results showed that the major valence states of the elements were Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II). The percentages of Mn(IV), Fe(II), and Cu(0) were higher in KO and SA samples than in FU samples. Mn(0) and Zn(0) were detected in some samples only, and Cu(I) was not detected in any samples. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed on the EDXRF and XAFS data of the target elements. The source identification results showed that the sources of metal contaminants in the samples varied considerably between sampling sites and depended on the industrial structure and geographical location of the sampling area. Our findings on the different valence states of the elements may be important for determining the toxicity of PM at different locations.
Game-based language teaching is vaporware (Part 1 of 2): Examination of research reports
Authors: deHaan Jonathan
Published: April 2022

These papers explore the idea of academic research as an “industry” that can create useful knowledge and “products” for teachers. This paper (Part 1) begins by explaining my motivation for examining research reports of game-based language teaching and my consideration of what different readers might appreciate. I then differentiate game-based language teaching from game-based language learning and gamification, and from theoretical and experimental publications. I introduce and describe my 14 theoretical, practical and research-focused questions and criteria for examining reports of GBLT. I then use these questions to examine 28 reports of GBLT; each is explored in a section that describes its importance to GBLT, how GBLT reports have (and have not) prioritized that criteria, and why including that criteria in research could improve game-based language teaching. Academic reports of game-based language teaching over the last 20 years, with a few exceptions, demonstrate a lack of interest in teachers and teaching practices. In my opinion, GBLT as a research field is vaporware. Like a game that has been announced but never shipped, GBLT has been hyped but never fully reported. I end this paper by inviting readers to participate in a contest.
Game-based language teaching is vaporware (Part 2 of 2): It’s time to ship or shut down
Authors: deHaan Jonathan
Published: April 2022

These papers explore the idea of academic research as an “industry” that can create useful knowledge and “products” for teachers. This paper (Part 2) contextualizes game-based language teaching “vaporware” reports in educational technology “hype cycles,” as problems for both novice and expert teachers, and in relation to certain prior constraints of academic research and publishing. I argue that researchers have created an academic niche; we have not created a field based on real differences for students and teachers in real classrooms. It’s “crunch time,” and researchers have two options. (1) We can acknowledge and wrestle with our failings and foundations. Researchers can re-focus on teaching-heavy praxis that results in shipping our product: a mature field with numerous reports of normalized uses of games that result in consistent learning outcomes. A simple model and other resources are shared to help with this path. I will argue that our field needs people with many different roles to want to and learn to play well together. (2) Or, we can give up. Researchers can write a group postmortem report, shut down, go our separate ways, and stop contributing to the hype about games in language education.
Work context and social support climate as determinants of organizational resilience among librarians
Authors: Sumuob Rodrigo Jr. , Maghuyop Rico
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this study attempted to determine which domain of work context and social support climate best influences organizational resilience among librarians. It was once verified in a quite number of researches that resilience is very crucial in today’s constantly changing work environment particularly in this growing old society, which has been predictable as predominant world threat in the future. The research was done through non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing descriptive-correlational technique using mean, Pearson r, and regression analysis as statistical tools. The research used adapted questionnaires that were modified to suit the current study. Data was generated through universal sampling technique with 141 librarians from various academic, private, public, and school libraries in Davao City, Philippines. From the result of the study, it was found out that there is a significant relationship between work context and social support climate and organizational resilience. Among the indicators of work context and social support climate, feedback from job is the domain that best influences organizational resilience among librarians.
Evaluation of Patients with Acromioclavicular Joint Separation Treated Using the Clavicular Hook Plate
Authors: Turgut Mehmet Cenk , Semis Halil Sezgin , Yamak Kamil , Çelebi Fener
Published: April 2022

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent surgical treatment using the clavicular hook plate for diagnosed Rockwood Type 3 – Type 4 – Type 5 acromioclavicular joint separation.
Material and methods. Patients who were operated with the diagnosis of acute traumatic acromioclavicular joint separation between the years 2017-2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age, gender, mechanism of injury, time to surgery, follow-up duration, and complications were evaluated. Functional results were evalu­ated using pre-op and post-op VAS and the Constant-Murley Shoulder Score.
Results. A total of thirty patients admitted with the diagnosis of acromioclavicular joint separation were included. All patients underwent surgical treatment using the clavicular hook plate. Twenty (66.6%) patients were male and 10 (33.6%) were female. Seventeen of the patients were admitted due to sports injuries, 6 due to traffic accidents, and 7 due to workplace accidents. The patients were followed up for an average of 26.1 weeks. The Rockwood Classification was used for classification of injuries. Accordingly, 12, 13, and 5 of the patients had Type 3, Type 4, and Type 5 injury, respectively. While the mean pre-op VAS score was 7.4 (5-9), it was 1.8 (1-4) in the post-op period. The mean pre-op Constant-Murley score was 31.5 (22-42), compared to 85.1 (72-100) in the post-op period. The differences between the pre-op and post-op VAS and Constant-Murley Shoulder Scores were statistically significant.
Conclusion. In this study, we achieved good functional results in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint separation by using a clavicular hook plate providing stable fixation and allowing early mobilization.
ENSIKLOPEDIA FAUNA MUSEUM ZOOLOGI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR
Authors: Susanto Laela
Published: April 2022

Berdiri di atas tanah seluas kurang lebih 1500 meter persegi, Museum Zoologi Kebun Rayac Bogor yang disingkat MZB menjadi salah satu daya tarik wisata edukasi bertemakan ensiklopedia fauna. MZB bera- da di dalam kompleks Kebun Raya Bogor di Jalan Ir. H. Juanda No. 9 Kota Bogor. Museum ini dikelola oleh LIPI bidang zoologi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi.
Das Grundrecht auf schulische Bildung – ein leeres Versprechen?
Authors: Tenorth Heinz-Elmar
Published: April 2022

Die Formulierung eines Grundrechts auf „schulische Bildung“ durch das BVerfG, und zwar als „Gewährleistungspflicht“ des Staates für einen „unverzichtbaren Mindeststandard schulischer Bildung“ wird im Beitrag als gravierende Zäsur in der bisher ein Grundrecht auf Bildung eher abwehrenden Rechtsprechung des Gerichts und der meisten Kommentatoren gewürdigt. Das neue Grundrecht wird zugleich in die seit dem 19. Jahrhundert konstante und breite Diskussion über das „Grundrecht auf Bildung“ als Recht auf ein „obligatorisches Bildungsminimum“ gestellt. Vom Status des Rechts als „derivatives“, „subjektives Leistungsrecht“ aus werden schließlich die Anschlussfragen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten für Bildungspolitik, Rechtswissenschaft und Bildungsforschung diskutiert.