bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teardowns, popups, and renovations: How does housing supply change?
Authors: Schuetz Jenny
Published: September 2019

Cities grow in layers over time. As population and land values increase, older, smaller buildings are replaced with higher density, higher value structures. However, direct costs of redevelopment and institutional barriers such as zoning may constrain replacement of older structures, leading to alternate forms of supply adjustment. In this paper, I use data on building permits in Washington DC to examine three different forms of residential investment: new construction, expansion of existing structures, and renovation. Results suggest that new construction accounts for a relatively small part of residential investment and is highly concentrated in a few neighborhoods. Expansions and alterations of existing structures are more frequent and more evenly dispersed across space. Recent increases in housing values are correlated with more new construction, but only among neighborhoods with relatively more permissive zoning. Additions and alterations are more prevalent in neighborhoods with high property values, older housing, and more restrictive zoning.
Characterization of disease resistance genes in the Brassica napus pangenome reveals significant structural variation
Authors: Dolatabadian Aria , Bayer Philipp E. , Tirnaz Soodeh , Hurgobin Bhavna , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: September 2019

Methods based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), copy number variation (CNV) and presence/absence variation (PAV) discovery provide a valuable resource to study gene structure and evolution. However, as a result of these structural variations, a single reference genome is unable to cover the entire gene content of a species. Therefore, pangenomics analysis is needed to ensure that the genomic diversity within a species is fully represented. Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and exhibits variability in its resistance genes across different cultivars. Here, we characterized resistance gene distribution across 50 B. napus lines. We identified a total of 1749 resistance gene analogs (RGAs), of which 996 are core and 753 are variable, 368 of which are not present in the reference genome (cv. Darmor‐bzh). In addition, a total of 15 318 SNPs were predicted within 1030 of the RGAs. The results showed that core R‐genes harbour more SNPs than variable genes. More nucleotide binding site‐leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) genes were located in clusters than as singletons, with variable genes more likely to be found in clusters. We identified 106 RGA candidates linked to blackleg resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL). This study provides a better understanding of resistance genes to target for genomics‐based improvement and improved disease resistance.
Performance pay and assortative matching
Authors: Bender Keith A. , Green Colin P. , Heywood John S.
Published: September 2019

We show that couples sort on performance pay with dual receipt couples much more likely than predicted by random. In addition, we show that the return to performance pay appears largely invariant to whether one's spouse earns performance pay. The major exception is that among the college educated, the return to performance pay is larger for women when their spouse also receives performance pay. Thus, dual receipt households concentrate the returns to performance pay hinting that performance pay may influence the distribution of household income.
The Impact of Fact‐Based Instructions on Juror Application of the Law: Results from a Trans‐Tasman Field Study
Authors: Spivak Benjamin , Ogloff James , Clough Jonathan , Tinsley Yvette , Young Warren
Published: September 2019

Objective

Over the past five decades, numerous researchers in common‐law jurisdictions have reported that jurors often fail to understand and apply the law presented to them by the trial judge. Several researchers have attempted to improve understanding of the law through revising language and utilizing instructional aides. The present study examines a novel method of instructing the jury, known as the “fact‐based” approach, which embeds legal concepts in a series of logically ordered written factual questions that the jury must answer to reach a verdict.

Methods

The study compared 287 jurors in 45 trials who received “fact‐based” instructions in New Zealand against 176 jurors in 41 trials who received standard form instructions in Australia. Participants in the study were compared on their ability to perform three tasks—selecting legal concepts in a recognition task, paraphrasing concepts in a recall task, and applying legal concepts to legally unambiguous factual scenarios.

Results

After controlling for trial‐related factors such as length of trial, word count, and readability of instructions, as well as the self‐reported level of education of participants, the study found that jurors receiving fact‐based directions performed significantly better on application‐based tasks but not significantly different on recall or recognition tasks.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that fact‐based instructions may have utility for enhancing the jury's ability to resolve questions of fact in accordance with the law.
La amistad como una experiencia de encuentro con los otros
Authors: Delgado Lombana César Augusto
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se pretende tematizar la experiencia del aislamiento que, para Gadamer, caracteriza la forma como se establece un modo de habitar el mundo de la vida determinado por la tecnificación. Sostenemos que la amistad permite enfrentar el aislamiento que afecta a nuestra situación histórica. Para desarrollar este argumento el artículo se divide en dos partes: en la primera, se realiza una descripción de los ámbitos en los que se manifiesta el padecimiento del aislamiento y la autoenajenación; en la segunda, se explicita que la experiencia de la amistad nos permite hacer frente al padecimiento del aislamiento, es decir, se analiza cómo la amistad es un horizonte que lleva a recuperar la condición ontológica de comprendernos vinculados, condición que cada vez más se desdibuja del mundo tecnificado.
En búsqueda de una evidencia razonable de las creencias religiosas
Authors: Castañeda Vargas, S.J. Fredy Humberto
Published: September 2019

Este artículo presenta la cuestión de si las creencias religiosas son o no razonables, es decir, si tienen o no una evidencia razonable que las sustente. El interés no es comprobar la existencia de Dios, sino simplemente saber si el lenguaje religioso como tal tiene o no sentido. Para esto, primero veremos la concepción de la creencia en general. A continuación, trataremos las creencias religiosas bajo dos puntos de vistas totalmente opuestos: por un lado, se expondrá la posición de autores que dicen que las creencias religiosas sí tienen una evidencia razonable que las sustenta y, por otro, nos encontraremos con autores que afirman que dichas creencias no pueden ser justificadas racionalmente porque lo espiritual refiere el ámbito de lo indecible, en el cual no es factible afirmar que los enunciados religiosos son apropiados a ser verdaderos o falsos.
Full Three-Dimensional Cavitation Instabilities Using a Non-Quadratic Anisotropic Yield Function
Authors: Legarth Brian Nyvang , Tvergaard Viggo
Published: September 2019

Full three-dimensional cell models containing a small cavity are used to study the effect of plastic anisotropy on cavitation instabilities. Predictions for the Barlat-91 model (Barlat et al., 1991, “A Six-Component Yield Function for Anisotropic Materials,” Int. J. Plast. 7, 693–712), with a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, are compared with previous results for the classical anisotropic Hill-48 quadratic yield function (Hill, 1948, “A Theory of the Yielding and Plastic Flow of a Anisotropic Metals,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A193, 281–297). The critical stress, at which the stored elastic energy will drive the cavity growth, is strongly affected by the anisotropy as compared with isotropic plasticity, but does not show much difference between the two models of anisotropy. While a cavity tends to remain nearly spherical during a cavitation instability in isotropic plasticity, the cavity shapes in an anisotropic material develop toward near-spheroidal elongated shapes, which differ for different values of the coefficients defining the anisotropy. The shapes found for the Barlat-91 model, with a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, differ noticeably from the shapes found for the quadratic Hill-48 yield function. Computations are included for a high value of the exponent in the Barlat-91 model, where this model represents a Tresca-like yield surface with rounded corners.
The mitochondrial genome of the red tomato spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its implications for phylogenetic analysis

Authors: Sun Jing-Tao , Lin Jian-Hui , Zhang Qi , Zhao Dian-Shu , Chen Lei , Gao Wei-Nan , Xue Xiao-Feng , Hong Xiao-Yue
Published: September 2019

The red tomato spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, is a newly emerged and globally invasive pest of solanaceous plants. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of T. evansi was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq technology. The complete mitochondrial genome of T. evansi is a typical circular DNA with a length of 13,064 bp, which contains 37 genes arranged in consistent with the typical metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Highly truncated mitochondrial tRNAs were observed, with 18 of the 22 tRNAs appearing to lack the D- or T- arms or both. A preliminary phylogenic analysis showed that mitochondrial genome can significantly improve the reliability of phylogenetic inference relative to short sequences, as indicated by the elevated bootstrap values. This mitochondrial genome provides a valuable source for the future phylogenetic analyses and helps clear the introduction origins of the Chinese T. evansi populations.
The ARt of inhibiting AR
Authors: El-Kenawi Asmaa
Published: September 2019

Blocking MED1 phosphorylation is an alternative strategy to inhibit androgen receptor (AR), the main driver of prostate cancer.
Enhancing early detection of autism
Authors: Gee Dylan G.
Published: September 2019

Electroencephalography might help to predict autism development in infants.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Identification and Quantitation of Transplant-Related DNA Viruses
Authors: Carpenter Meredith L. , Tan Susanna K. , Watson Thomas , Bacher Rowena , Nagesh Vaishnavi , Watts Alain , Bentley Gordon , Weber Jenna , Huang ChunHong , Sahoo Malaya K. , Hinterwirth Armin , Doan Thuy , Carter Theodore , Dong Queeny , Gourguechon Stéphane , Harness Eric , Kermes Sean , Radhakrishnan Srihari , Wang Gongbo , Quiroz-Zárate Alejandro , Ching Jesus , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: September 2019

Infections with DNA viruses are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients.
Complete Genome Sequence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Strain McKrae
Authors: Jiao Xiaoli , Sui Hongyan , Lyons Christopher , Tran Bao , Sherman Brad T. , Imamichi Tomozumi
Published: September 2019

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) strain McKrae is highly virulent and relatively neuroinvasive in animal models compared with other wild-type HSV-1 strains. To identify the genetic determinants that lead to the unique phenotypes of the McKrae strain, we sequenced its genome with PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology and resolved the complete sequence.
Updated Genome Sequence and Annotation for the Full Genome of Pseudomonas protegens CHA0
Authors: Smits Theo H. M. , Rezzonico Fabio , Frasson David , Vesga Pilar , Vacheron Jordan , Blom Jochen , Pothier Joël F. , Keel Christoph , Maurhofer Monika , Sievers Martin
Published: September 2019

Minor differences in the previously obtained genome of
Pseudomonas protegens
CHA0 were detected after resequencing the strain. Based on this, the genome size slightly increased. Additionally, we performed a manual annotation of genes involved in biocontrol and insect pathogenicity. This annotation version will be the basis for upcoming genome studies.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Podophage Peacock
Authors: Ruhlman Erin , Bockoven Ryan , Moreland Russell , Liu Mei , Ramsey Jolene
Published: September 2019

Escherichia coli
is typically a commensal bacterium of the mammalian intestinal tract. Here, the isolation and annotation of the 39,233-bp T7-like
E. coli
podophage Peacock genome are described.
Oceanographic, ecological, and socio-economic impacts of an unusual summer storm in the Mackenzie Estuary
Authors: Scharffenberg Kevin C. , Whalen Dustin , MacPhee Shannon A. , Marcoux Marianne , Iacozza John , Davoren Gail , Loseto Lisa L.
Published: September 2019

With increased warming and open water due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of storm surges is expected to increase. Although studies have shown that strong storms can negatively impact Arctic ecosystems, the impact of storms on Arctic marine mammals is relatively unknown. In July 2016, an unusually large storm occurred in the Mackenzie Delta while instrumented seabed moorings equipped with hydrophones and oceanographic sensors were in place to study environmental drivers of beluga habitat use during their summer aggregation. The storm lasted up to 88 h, with maximum wind speeds reaching 60 km/h; historical wind data from Tuktoyaktuk revealed a storm of similar duration has not occurred in July in at least the past 28 years. This provided a unique opportunity to study the impacts of large storms on oceanographic conditions, beluga habitat use, and the traditional subsistence hunt that occurs annually in the delta. The storm resulted in increased water levels and localized flooding as well as a significant drop in water temperature (∼10 °C) and caused belugas to leave the area for 5 days. Although belugas returned after the storm ended, the subsistence hunt was halted resulting in the lowest beluga harvest between 1978 and 2017.
Evidence of killer whale predation on a yearling bowhead whale in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut
Authors: Young Brent G. , Fortune Sarah M.E. , Koski William R. , Raverty Stephen A. , Kilabuk Ricky , Ferguson Steven H.
Published: September 2019

Accounts of killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on marine mammals in the Canadian Arctic are relatively uncommon. Although second-hand reports of killer whale predation events in the Arctic are more common in recent years, these observations are generally poorly documented and the outcome of attacks are often unknown. On 12 August 2016, a floating bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcass was found off-shore in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut — presumably predated by killer whales that were sighted in the area. Inspection of the carcass revealed injuries consistent with published accounts of killer whale predation on large whales and observations of killer whale predation on bowheads described in Inuit traditional knowledge. The bowhead was male, 6.1 m long in good nutritional condition and estimated between 14 and 16 months old. As a recently weaned yearling, this whale would have been highly vulnerable to killer whale predation. With decreasing summer sea ice making some areas of the Arctic more accessible, the incursion and presence of killer whales in the Arctic is expected to increase. A better understanding of Arctic killer whale predation pressure is needed to predict the potential impact they will have on the eastern Canada–west Greenland bowhead population as well as on other marine mammal prey.
Analysis of migraine in mutlicellular organism based on trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method
Authors: Fahmi Aliya , Aslam Muhammad , Abdullah Saleem
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we define a new idea of trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number based on migraine diseases. We define and the migraine diseases on trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number and operational laws of trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy number and hamming distance of TrNCHFNs. The new concept of trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method is introduced. Furthermore, we extend MCDM method based on the trapezoidal neutrosophic cubic hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify and demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Electroconvection Near Electrochemical Interfaces: Experiments, Modeling, and Computation
Authors: Mani Ali , Wang Karen May
Published: September 2019

Many electrochemical and microfluidic systems involve voltage-driven transport of ions from a fluid electrolyte toward an ion-selective interface. These systems are governed by intimate coupling between fluid flow, mass transport, and electrostatic effects. When counterions are driven toward a selective interface, this coupling is shown to lead to a hydrodynamic instability called electroconvection. This phenomenon is an example of electrochemistry inducing flow, which in turn affects the transport and ohmic resistance of the bulk electrolyte. These effects have implications in a wide range of applications, including ion separation, electrodeposition, and microfluidic processes that incorporate ion-selective elements. This review surveys recent investigations of electroconvection with an emphasis on quantitative experimental and theoretical analyses and computational modeling of this phenomenon. Approaches for control and manipulation of this phenomenon in canonical settings are also discussed.
Planning, implementation, and evaluation of multicomponent, case-based learning for first-year Indian medical undergraduates
Authors: Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash , Chandran Dinu S. , Afreen Naaz , Bir Megha , Dastidar Shaon Ghosh , Jayappa Harshith , Mattoo Bhawna , Navneet Arvind , Poorasamy Jeevitha , Roy Atanu , Sharma Anju , Ghosh Debabrata , Deepak Kishore K.
Published: September 2019

Didactic lecture is an effective method to quickly pass on a high volume of information to a large number of students. However, if not well designed, lectures can be monotonous and provide only passive learning, with little scope for higher order learning skills. To address this drawback of lectures, we supplemented it with case-based learning (CBL), which has been shown to promote self-learning. After giving an overview of gastrointestinal physiology through lectures, CBL on peptic ulcer disease was implemented for first-year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery students. The present study aimed to evaluate the students’ and teachers’ opinions on the notion of supplementing lectures with CBL. In previous reports, discussion using clinical cases was primarily employed as the solitary component for conducting CBL. In the present study, three different but mutually exclusive components, such as case discussion, concept map, and critical thinking exercise on a specific topic in gastrointestinal pathophysiology, were integrated to form the multicomponent CBL (MC-CBL). Students reported that MC-CBL could promote application of the knowledge learned in lectures in a more appropriate context (92.42% positive response), enhance their learning efficiency (98.46% positive response), promote their active participation in the learning process (98.48% positive response), and help them in integrating physiological concepts with clinical science (98.46% positive response). Teachers observed that MC-CBL could promote active learning, analytic, and problem-solving skills of students. In conclusion, MC-CBL appeared to be an effective supplement for the lectures, providing an opportunity for the students to relate the knowledge learned during lectures.
Palmitic acid induces guanylin gene expression through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway in rat macrophages
Authors: Akieda-Asai Sayaka , Ma Hao , Date Yukari
Published: September 2019

Recently, we showed that double-transgenic rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn), a bioactive peptide, and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages demonstrate an antiobesity phenotype and low-expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the mesenteric fat even when fed a high-fat diet. Here, we examined the levels and mechanism of Gn and GC-C transcription following saturated fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), exposure by using the NR8383 macrophage cell line. In addition, the levels of guanylin and cGMP were increased by addition of either palmitic acid or LPS. Next, we investigated the interaction of the gene transcription and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by using an NF-κB inhibitor and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We showed that palmitic acid induced Gn gene expression via TLR4 and NF-κB. Moreover, we demonstrated that NF-κB binding to the Gn promoter was responsible for the induction of gene transcription by palmitic acid or LPS. Our results indicate that saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid activate Gn gene expression via the NF-κB pathway, raising the possibility that the activated Gn-GC-C system may contribute to the inhibition of high-fat diet-induced proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
Force generated by myosin cross-bridges is reduced in myofibrils exposed to ROS/RNS
Authors: Persson Malin , Steinz Maarten M. , Westerblad Håkan , Lanner Johanna T. , Rassier Dilson E.
Published: September 2019

Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with oxidative stress and oxidative posttranslational modifications on contractile proteins. There is indirect evidence that reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) affect skeletal muscle myofibrillar function, although the details of the acute effects of ROS/RNS on myosin-actin interactions are not known. In this study, we examined the effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) on the contractile properties of individual skeletal muscle myofibrils by monitoring myofibril-induced displacements of an atomic force cantilever upon activation and relaxation. The isometric force decreased by ~50% in myofibrils treated with the ONOO− donor (SIN-1) or directly with ONOO−, which was independent of the cross-bridge abundancy condition (i.e., rigor or relaxing condition) during SIN-1 or ONOO− treatment. The force decrease was attributed to an increase in the cross-bridge detachment rate ( gapp) in combination with a conservation of the force redevelopment rate (kTr) and hence, an increase in the population of cross-bridges transitioning from force-generating to non-force-generating cross-bridges during steady-state. Taken together, the results of this study provide important information on how ROS/RNS affect myofibrillar force production which may be of importance for conditions where increased oxidative stress is part of the pathophysiology.
Sex modifies the consequences of extended fructose consumption on liver health, motor function, and physiological damage in rats
Authors: Hyer Molly M. , Dyer Samya K. , Kloster Alix , Adrees Anum , Taetzsch Thomas , Feaster Jonathan , Valdez Gregorio , Neigh Gretchen N.
Published: September 2019

Sex differences are evident in the presentation of metabolic symptoms. A shift of sex hormones that signal the onset of puberty combined with a poor diet consumed in adolescence is likely to have sex-specific, long-term impacts on adult physiology. Here, we expanded on existing literature to elucidate the sex-specific mechanisms driving physiological deficits following high fructose consumption. Male and female Wistar rats were fed a high-fructose (55%) diet beginning immediately postweaning for 10 wk. Female rats fed the high-fructose diet displayed elevated weight gain and extensive liver pathology consistent with markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male rats fed the high-fructose diet exhibited increased circulating glucose along with moderate hepatic steatosis. Levels of cytokines and gene expression of inflammatory targets were not altered by fructose consumption in either sex. However, circulating levels of markers for liver health, including alanine transaminase and uric acid, and markers for epithelial cell death were altered by fructose consumption. From the alterations in these markers for liver health, along with elevated circulating triglycerides, it was evident that liver health had deteriorated significantly and that a number of factors were at play. Both adult fructose-fed male and female rats displayed motor deficits that correlated with aberrant structural changes at the neuromuscular junction; however, these deficits were exacerbated in males. These data indicate that consumption of a high-fructose diet beginning in adolescence leads to adult pathology that is modified by sex. Identification of these sex-specific changes has implications for treatment of clinical presentation of metabolic syndrome and related disorders.
Free Vibration of Rectangular Plates with Porosity Distributions under Complex Boundary Constraints
Authors: Du Yuan , Wang Siyu , Sun Liping , Shan Yanhe
Published: September 2019

Free vibration of rectangular plates with three kinds of porosity distributions and different boundary constraints has been performed by means of a semianalytical method. The distribution of porous varies along the thickness of the plate, in which the mechanical properties are defined by open‐cell metal foam. Regardless of boundary conditions, displacement admissible functions are represented by combination of standard cosine Fourier series and auxiliary sine series. The kinetic energy and potential energy of plates are also expressed on the basis of first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and displacement admissible functions. Finally, the coefficients in the Fourier series which determine natural frequencies and modal shape are derived by means of the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Convergence and dependability of the current method are verified by comparing with the results of FEM and related literatures. In addition, some new results considering geometry parameters under classical and elastic boundary constraints are listed. The effects of geometry parameters, material parameters, and boundary constraints have been discussed in detail.
Picking Path Optimization of Agaricus bisporus Picking Robot
Authors: Hu Xiaomei , Pan Zhaoren , Lv Shunke
Published: September 2019

The design and application of the mushroom picking robot will greatly reduce the labor cost, and it has become one of the research hotspots in the world. Therefore, we independently developed an A. bisporus (a kind of mushroom) picking robot and introduced its functional principle in this paper. At the same time, in order to improve the picking efficiency of the picking robot, a picking path optimization algorithm based on TSP model is proposed. Firstly, based on the TSP model, a picking route model for A. bisporus was established to determine the storage location of each A. bisporus. Then, an improved simulated annealing (I‐SA) search algorithm is proposed to find the optimal path sequence. By improving the path initialization module, path generation module, and temperature drop module, the I‐SA search algorithm can optimize the picking path in a short time. Finally, in order to improve the stability and reduce the running time of the I‐SA search algorithm, a parallel optimization method for global search (“rough exploration”) and local search (“precision exploration”) is proposed. Through simulation experiments, the I‐SA search algorithm can search stable and excellent path solution in a relatively short time. Through field experiments on mushroom base, the efficiency of picking A. bisporus can be improved by 14% to 18%, which verifies the effectiveness of the I‐SA search algorithm.
Inherited Moderate Factor X Deficiency Presenting as Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Othman Tamer , Abdelkarim Ayman , Huynh Karen , Uche An , Lee Jennifer
Published: September 2019

Factor X deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder that varies in the severity of its clinical manifestations. The symptoms of this disorder can occur at any age, although most severe cases appear in childhood. The rarity of this condition has not allowed for the establishment of evidence‐based management guidelines, and thus, individuals afflicted with factor X deficiency are treated based on limited literature and the opinions of clinicians with extensive experience. In this case report, we discuss a unique presentation of a 38-year-old male who was found to have cardiac tamponade as a result of his newly diagnosed inherited moderate factor X deficiency. This was discovered by obtaining a factor X activity assay and confirmed with genetic testing which demonstrated a missense variant on the factor X gene on chromosome 13. His management involved correction of his factor X deficiency with fresh frozen plasma, a pericardiocentesis, and placement of a pericardial window. He has been asymptomatic and without hemorrhagic episodes for the 10 months following his discharge.
Wide-Band Tympanometry Results during an Acute Episode of Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Cakir Cetin Asli , Gurkan Selhan , Kirkim Gunay , Guneri Enis Alpin
Published: September 2019

Background: Wide-band tympanometry (WBT) was introduced as a beneficial diagnostic test for Ménière’s disease (MD) almost 15 years ago. However, an acute episode of MD has not been evaluated by using WBT yet. Objective: To investigate WBT findings in patients with MD during acute attacks. Method: Thirty definite MD patients with unilateral acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss and aural fullness, and thirty age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled prospectively in a tertiary referral center. Ears were divided into three groups as follows: (1) affected ears of MD patients, (2) contralateral ears of MD patients, (3) control ears. Individuals underwent WBT. The resonance frequency (RF), mean absorbance value, mean low- and high-frequency absorbance values (LF-A and HF-A), and double peak width at 2 kHz of conductance tympanometry (2-kHz PW) were assessed. Results: Seventy percent in group 1, 66.7% in group 2, and 78.3% in group 3 demonstrated double peaks at 2 kHz. The mean 2-kHz PW values were 157.52 ± 79.19, 177.40 ± 79.14, and 139.64 ± 87.501 daPa for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to 2-kHz PW, RF, absorbance, LF-A, and HF-A. Conclusion: This was the first study that evaluated the effects of acute Ménière attacks on WBT findings. An acute Ménière attack was found to have no significant effect on the 2-kHz PW and other variables measured using WBT.
The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) and Its Contributions to the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sun Jennifer K. , Jampol Lee M.
Published: September 2019

Over the past two decades, the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (now known as the DRCR Retina Network) has contributed to multiple and substantial advances in the clinical care of diabetic eye disease. Network studies helped establish anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents as an effective alternative to panretinal photocoagulation for eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and as first-line therapy for eyes with visual impairment for diabetic macular edema (DME), defined treatment algorithms for the use of intravitreal medications in these conditions, and provided critical data to understand how to better evaluate the diabetic eye using optical coherence tomography and other imaging modalities. Ongoing DRCR.net studies will address whether anti-VEGF therapy is effective at preventing vision-threatening complications in eyes with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, if photobiomodulation has a beneficial effect in eyes with DME, and whether initiation of DME treatment with bevacizumab and rescue with aflibercept can provide visual outcomes as good as those achieved with aflibercept alone. Future plans for the Network also include the expansion into non-diabetic eye disease in areas such as age-related macular degeneration.
A meta para a crítica da/na mídia em abordagens metacríticas
Authors: Paganotti Ivan , Soares Rosana De Lima
Published: September 2019

A reflexão contemporânea sobre níveis distintos da crítica tem desenvolvido, a partir de perspectivas contrastantes, o conceito de metacrítica. Este artigo apresenta a possibilidade de se estabelecer uma crítica da cultura midiática por meio da metacrítica e a dificuldade peculiar em sugerir uma definição unívoca para o conceito, devido à sua multiplicidade e variabilidade, apresentando suas aplicações em diversos campos do conhecimento (especialmente a sociologia) e relacionando-o aos estudos das mídias. O texto propõe a metacrítica midiática como uma noção capaz de aglutinar análises sobre as práticas midiáticas, demonstrando sua pertinência em produções audiovisuais recentes.
Erguer a voz, não passar a vez: mulheres negras periféricas e os desafios da vida acadêmica
Authors: Lima Elânia Francisco
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo é uma versão prévia de uma discussão que pretende ser mais profunda em breve. Nele proponho uma reflexão sobre os desafios enfrentados por mulheres negras periféricas no ambiente acadêmico que, cotidianamente, reproduz uma estrutura racista, machista e capitalista dificultando o acesso e permanência de mulheres negras, sobretudo as pobres, nas universidades, impondo barreiras subjetivas na construção da vida acadêmica. Essas opressões em intersecção podem fazer com que mulheres negras silenciem e, consequentemente, adoeçam ou se paralisem diante das violências sofridas nos espaços de produção de conhecimento.
Safety and Effectiveness of Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Coronary Stenoses
Authors: Ali Ziad A. , Nef Holger , Escaned Javier , Werner Nikos , Banning Adrian P. , Hill Jonathan M. , De Bruyne Bernard , Montorfano Matteo , Lefevre Thierry , Stone Gregg W. , Crowley Aaron , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Maehara Akiko , Lansky Alexandra J. , Fajadet Jean , Di Mario Carlo
Published: September 2019

Background:

The feasibility of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for modification of severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) was demonstrated in the Disrupt CAD I study (Disrupt Coronary Artery Disease). We next sought to confirm the safety and effectiveness of IVL for these lesions.

Methods:

The Disrupt CAD II study was a prospective multicenter, single-arm post-approval study conducted at 15 hospitals in 9 countries. Patients with severe CAC with a clinical indication for revascularization underwent vessel preparation for stent implantation with IVL. The primary end point was in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization). An optical coherence tomography substudy was performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of IVL, quantifying CAC characteristics and calcium plaque fracture. Independent core laboratories adjudicated angiography and optical coherence tomography, and an independent clinical events committee adjudicated major adverse cardiac events.

Results:

Between May 2018 and March 2019, 120 patients were enrolled. Severe CAC was present in 94.2% of lesions. Successful delivery and use of the IVL catheter was achieved in all patients. The post-IVL angiographic acute luminal gain was 0.83±0.47 mm, and residual stenosis was 32.7±10.4%, which further decreased to 7.8±7.1% after drug-eluting stent implantation. The primary end point occurred in 5.8% of patients, consisting of 7 non–Q-wave myocardial infarctions. There was no procedural abrupt closure, slow or no reflow, or perforations. In 47 patients with post-percutaneous coronary intervention optical coherence tomography, calcium fracture was identified in 78.7% of lesions with 3.4±2.6 fractures per lesion, measuring 5.5±5.0 mm in length.

Conclusions:

In patients with severe CAC who require coronary revascularization, IVL was safely performed with high procedural success and minimal complications and resulted in substantial calcific plaque fracture in most lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03328949.
Designing the Female Orgasm: Situating the Sexual Entrepreneur in the Online Sex-Education Platform OMGYes
Authors: Beecham Nell , Unger Clio
Published: September 2019

Grounded in interaction criticism, this article uses visual analysis to explore the performance techniques offered by the female-focused sex education platform OMGYes. Motivated to close a gendered orgasm gap, the site employs a range of methods designed to provide its users with techniques to achieve orgasm. Contextualizing the site within broader cultures of self-improvement, the article addresses the site's design practices in conjunction with the emergent neoliberal subjectivity of the (sexual) entrepreneur, implicating OMGYes in a postfeminist critique of retail activism as an individualized approach to empowerment.
The Shelves that Won't Hold: Material Politics and Social Inequality in Spatial Design Practice
Authors: Sloane Mona
Published: September 2019

This article discusses how a material divide that leaves vulnerable communities with homes made of poor quality material is perpetuated in the system of spatial design. It examines a vignette about the development of the community theater in London to illustrate the unequal access to and participation in the design process as “intentional problem-solving” by different stakeholders. The discussion outlines how materiality can become the locus of public dispute and power struggle, as well as the key reference point for valuation frameworks and calculation practices. The article points out that material politics within spatial design practice play a central role in legitimizing unequal treatment within the material planning of space, and that individual designers can rarely challenge these structures themselves.
Pentecostalism and Experience
Authors: Stephenson Lisa P.
Published: September 2019

For a tradition whose identity is founded on the outpouring of the Spirit that is witnessed to in Acts 2, the emphasis Pentecostalism places on divine-human encounter should come as no surprise. The Day of Pentecost is a quintessential ‘experiential’ event that, for the Pentecostal tradition, paradigmatically creates a routine expectation of encounter with God. The following article further explores some reasons and ways in which religious experience serves as the lifeblood of the movement. The author begins by explaining why experience plays such a prominent role in Pentecostalism by surveying two descriptors of the movement employed among early North American Pentecostals. She then turns to explaining how their emphasis on religious experience takes shape, especially within the confines of their weekly worship service.
Macchie, Passages and ‘Edges Lost & Found’
Authors: Koenderink Jan
Published: September 2019

In the visual arts, one often composes a spatially organised array of elements. These elements are often roughly uniform patches (‘macchie’) and edges. These are mutually complementary and often imply each other. ‘Edges’ may either divide or unite macchie, whereas adjacent macchie may imply an edge. Edges may be common boundaries as in cloisonnism, or be one-sided as in outline. Composition often requires that edges be ‘lost’, either to avoid the dreaded silhouette effect, or to merge macchie that are semantically distinct, like figure and ground. This leads to planned ‘passages’ or various modulations of edge quality, the ‘lost & found’ quality being most common. I relate such conventional artistic devices to the concept of ‘edge’ in image processing and human vision.
Emergency department asthma guideline adherence, 72‐h return rates and disposition trends: Comparing data 10 years apart
Authors: Tan Camlyn , Tai Mary Magdalene , Kam Jia Wen
Published: September 2019

Objective:

(1) To compare adherence of Ministry of Health Singapore Guidelines of Acute Asthma in the emergency department, in data 10 years apart, and ascertain if any difference observed impacted 72‐h return rates and (2) to describe enhancement in hospital and community medical services for asthma, and its effect on disposition trends.

Methods:

A retrospective comparison in guideline adherence with regard to systemic steroids administration, anti‐cholinergic administration in moderately severe exacerbations and patient education in discharged patients was done. Rates of unscheduled 72‐h returns were compared. A description of new community and hospital services was described, and disposition trends were compared.

Results

In total, 630 patients 10 years ago and 635 patients in the current year were studied, after exclusions and systematic sampling applied. Steroid administration improved by 29% (adjusted p < 0.001). Steroids started in the emergency department improved by 43% (adjusted p < 0.001). Ipratropium addition to second nebulizer improved by 63% (adjusted p < 0.001). Patient education improved by 66% (adjusted p < 0.001). Unscheduled 72‐h returns rate were unchanged at 4.2% (adjusted p = 0.912). Although there was no significant difference in the admission and discharge disposition (adjusted p = 0.173), there was a trend towards admission to the short stay unit as an admission option and referral to the primary healthcare provider for discharged patients.

Conclusion:

Although guideline adherence improved in the current year, rates of 72‐h unscheduled returns were similar. Disposition trends reflected emphasis and availability of healthcare services in the community and hospital.
The Ruth in (T)ruth: Redactive Reading and Feminist Provocations to History in M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong!
Authors: Gervasio Nicole
Published: September 2019

This essay coins the concept of redactive reading to describe a method for interpreting women’s absences in racialized and gendered histories of collective trauma through M. NourbeSe Philip’s 2008 poem, Zong! In 1781, the Zong crew murdered as many as 150 African captives following a water shortage and tried to claim insurance on victims. Gregson v. Gilbert denied plaintiffs the right to profit from murder without indicting anyone for the atrocity. This diasporic Caribbean poet revives mythological figures—notably, the biblical Ruth—to expose Western law and the English language as insidious tools of epistemic violence. In naming three archetypes that reincarnate “ruth”— the rebellious slave, the lady of society, and the raped whore—this article interrogates the white, patriarchal, imperialist imaginary behind the massacre. Redactive reading is a strategy for reading femininity as a structuring absence on which canons of exclusion—from legal rights to representational politics and the sympathetic imagination—are built.
Students of Russia: experience, problems and prospects of student orientation
Authors: Резник Семен , Reznik Semen , Костромина Татьяна , Kostromina Tat'yana , Чемезов Игорь , Chyemyezov Igor
Published: September 2019

The theoretical and practical issues of interaction between schools and universities in the preparation of students for student life, revealed the essence, content and distinctive features of education at school and in high school. On the basis of a special technique, the practice of interaction between schools and universities in preparing students for student life is studied. The practical experience is generalized, the system and mechanisms of increase of efficiency of student orientation of school students are presented.
For heads of educational institutions of secondary and higher education, teachers and lecturers, scientists who study the problems of student orientation.
EFFECT OF SPRINGBACK IN DP980 ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL ON PRODUCT PRECISION IN BENDING PROCESS
Authors: Le Hung Thai , Le Kien Trung , Vu Dinh Thi , Doan Phuong Thi
Published: September 2019

Springback is a common phenomenon in sheet metal forming, in which the material undergoes an elastic recovery as applied loads are removed. Springback causes the forming shape to deviate from the intended design geometry. This phenomenon, which can be influenced by several factors, effects on both bending angle and bending curvature. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of different tool radius and the gap between punch and die on springback in bending of DP980 Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS) sheet. Experimental studies are combined with FEM method in commercial ABAQUS software to determine the bending angle after springback. To predict springback in bending process, the material properties are defined by Ludwik - Hollomon law, combined with the Hill’48 criterion. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations in case of bending in the rolling direction.
STUDY OF M23C6 PRECIPITATION IN A 45Ni-35Cr-Nb ALLOY
Authors: Sosa Lissarrague Matías Humberto , Buitrago Alejandro Sepulveda , Picasso Alberto Carlos
Published: September 2019

The 45Ni-35Cr-Nb alloy, commonly known as ET45 micro, produced in the form of centrifugally cast tubes, was studied by means of optical microscopy after aging treatments at 1073 and 1173 K for different times. A description of M23C6 secondary carbides precipitation phenomenon was made as a function of time. The analysis after using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model showed that the secondary carbide precipitation occurs in a single stage. It was found that this phenomenon, which is assisted by diffusion, has an activation energy of 196 kJ/mol.
Scientists in the Bond film franchise
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

The James Bond film franchise (1962–ongoing) has always relied on science and technology for topicality and spectacle. Over the years, the scientist figure has also made regular appearances in the Bond films, most often within the confines of some of the established character types and functions defined by the formula aspects of the series – the villain, the Bond girl and the Quartermaster, better known as Q. This article uses Bond scholarship to consider key examples of each of these depictions of the scientist in relation to the heroic masculinity of James Bond, and in the broader context of research examining images of scientists in popular fiction. In so doing the article contributes to ongoing debates about the representational politics of Bond and scientist stereotypes in popular culture.
Effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in a first thinning operation – a field experiment
Authors: Holzleitner Franz , Langmaier Magdalena , Hochbichler Eduard , Obermayer Bernhardt , Stampfer Karl , Kanzian Christian
Published: September 2019

The effect of harvester operator tree selection or prior tree marking in thinning operations on satisfactory results and performance has been widely discussed. In harvester operator tree selection, the machine operator decides on the fly which trees are selected to remain or cut. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in low-diameter thinning operations. The entire thinning operation was captured using video technology. Overall, 2.36 ha divided into 48 plots with 5202 trees were thinned with an average diameter at breast height (dbh) over bark for all plots of between 12.5 and 14.7 cm. In total, 3122 trees were harvested, resulting in 60% removal of stem number over all plots. The harvester achieved a mean productivity of 7.38 m PMH with 1.48 m PMH SEM, with stem volume having the major influence on harvesting productivity. Prior tree marking, topping and thinning method did not significantly affect productivity. Without prior tree marking by the foresters, harvesting removal was shifted toward lower diameters. Within the unmarked plots, 7.0% of the residual trees were damaged compared with 3.2% in marked plots.30â130â1