bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems at NASA
Authors: Lynch John T.
Published: October 2011

After nearly 4 years as the Space Plasma Physics Program Scientist at NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] Headquarters, I have, somewhat reluctantly, left the position. I believe that my years here will have a more profound influence on my life than any similar period of the past and that the influence definitely will be for the good. I am especially grateful for the opportunity I have had to meet and have discussions with you, the members of the scientific community.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and section Presidents‐Elect will appear. The material for the Atmospheric Sciences Section appears below. The material for the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section appeared in the August 6 issue, for the Seismology Section in the August 13 issue, and for the Geodesy Section in the August 20 issue.
Call for marginal ice zone papers
Authors: Muench Robin D.
Published: October 2011

A special collection of papers that deal with physical processes in the marginal ice zones (MIZ's) is planned for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Oceans. It is anticipated that this collection will be primarily a forum for presentation of results from the East Greenland Sea Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX East); however, results from other MIZ‐related programs are also sought. The submission deadline for manuscripts will be May 1, 1986. Additional information may be obtained from Robin D. Muench, SAIC, 13400B North up Way #36, Bellevue, WA 98005; telephone: 206‐747‐ 7152; telemail R.MUENCH.
Tsunamis: Their Science and Engineering
Authors: Knowles C. E.
Published: October 2011

The tsunami (or “tidal wave,” as it is most commonly and incorrectly known) is a surface ocean wave disturbance generated by a seismic source such as a shallow, coastal earthquake of magnitude greater than six on the Richter scale or a volcanic eruption. The term “tidal wave” has always evoked images of awesome power and unbelievable destruction and has often been used by newspapers and television and radio commentators to describe the much more frequently destructive storm surge generated by intense low pressure centers. In fact, more than a decade ago, a well‐respected dean of the television nightly news incorrectly described (in his somber and well‐known voice) the immense loss of life and extensive lowland flooding from storm surge generated by a 200‐mile‐per‐hour (∼8.9 mls) cyclone that came ashore at Bangledesh as having been the result of a “massive tidal wave.” It also is generally understood by those scientists and engineers working in the field of tsunami research and its application that many of the characteristics of these waves are not well known.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded, (6) category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
Further suggestions for writing memorable geophysical papers
Authors: Baker D. N.
Published: October 2011

In an earlier article in Eos (December 21, 1982, p. 1219), I suggested that members of AGU had been seriously remiss in not forming proper author teams in order to write “memorable” geophysical research papers. A number of the original suggestions were rejected either on the grounds of good taste (see the “unabridged” preprint version of the paper, available from the author) or else because of political sensitivity (e.g., “Crooked magnetic field lines” by AGU members Agnew and Nixon). Nonetheless, several examples of what might be done survived censorship and appeared in the Eos article. In summary, it was concluded that geophysicists could be a lot more active in this area.
Congressional briefing
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Board on Earth Sciences will hold a briefing on geologic hazards for congressmen and congressional staff on October 18, 1985. The briefing will include a general discussion of geologic hazards, but will emphasize earthquake hazards.

The Board on Earth Sciences is part of the National Research Council's Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources. Joseph W. Berg, Jr., is executive secretary of the board.
Lake Sediments and Environmental History
Authors: Ehlke Theodore A.
Published: October 2011

This book is a collection of review papers covering a wide range of scientific disciplines dealing with paleolimnology and paleoecology. It is dedicated to Winifred Tutin of the Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, U.K.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and section President‐Elect will appear. The material for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section appears below. The material for the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section appeared in the August 6 issue, that for the Seismology Section in the August 13 issue, that for Geodesy in the August 20 issue, that for Atmospheric Sciences in the August 27 issue, that for Hydrology in the September 3 issue, and that for Tectonophysics in the September 10 issue.
Spacecraft sails through comet's tail
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Comet Giacobini‐Zinner may not have a conventional bow shock, but the “interaction region” where the comet's sheath collides with the solar wind is a far more turbulent plasma than had been anticipated. On September 13, 2 days after the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) became the first spacecraft ever to pass through a comet's tail (Eos, September 3, 1985, p. 625), mission scientists gathered at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to review their preliminary results. One scientist attending the news conference said he understood the interaction region to be “the most turbulent region that we have seen in the solar system to date.”
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and section President‐Elect will appear. The material for the Planetology Section appears below. The material for the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section appeared in the August 6 issue, for the Seismology Section in the August 13 issue, for the Geodesy Section in the August 20 issue, for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the August 27 issue, for the Hydrology Section in the September 3 issue, for the Tectonophysics Section in the September 10 issue, and for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section in the September 17 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the July 2 issue.
AMPTE completes first phase
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Early on July 18, 1985, the Ion Release Module (IRM) spacecraft of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) mission released its last two cannisters of barium‐thermite mixture into the rapidly flowing solar wind plasma in the dusk‐side magnetosheath, about 110,000 km above the earth. The result was a glowing barium ion “comet,” high in the night sky, marking the last experiment in the first, or active plasma release, phase of the mission.
Mexican Earthquake, Sept. 19, 1985
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special session will be held Friday, December 13, 1985, at the AGU Fall Meeting on this earthquake. Authors whose results are too recent to have allowed for submission of abstracts previously are invited to submit now. Persons interested in presenting material should contact Hiroo Kanamori, Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (telephone: 818‐356‐3861). Accepted abstracts received by October 28 will be printed in the meeting program.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).
Geothermal Resources of the Cascades: USGS Workshop
Authors: Guffanti Marianne , Muffler Patrick
Published: October 2011

Since 1979, the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has carried out a multidisciplinary research effort in the Cascade Range. The goal of this effort is to understand the tectonics, geology, and hydrology of the Cascades as a framework for characterizing and quantifying its geothermal resources. In May 1985, 5 years after an initial USGS‐sponsored Cascades conference [Bacon, 1980], the Geothermal Research Program again sponsored a workshop on geothermal resources of the Cascade Range. Motivation for the workshop came primarily from the conviction within the Geothermal Research Program that the Cascade effort had advanced sufficiently that a forum with an explicitly geothermal focus was needed to promote the synthesis of ideas from diverse research projects. In addition, it was thought that research drilling plans in the Cascades that were being formulated by various other agencies also could benefit from the examination and evaluation that a workshop would foster. Accordingly, the workshop was designed to develop a common understanding of the status of various investigations among USGS and other scientists working in the Cascades, to stimulate renewed interest in understanding the geothermal regime of this volcanic chain, and to encourage the tectonic, geologic, and hydrologic synthesis necessary for a quantitative assessment of geothermal resources of the Cascades, a major objective of the USGS Geothermal Research Program.
Filming seismograms and related materials at the California Institute of Technology
Authors: Goodstein Judith R. , Roberts Paul
Published: October 2011

As part of the worldwide effort to create an international earthquake data bank, the seismology archive of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has been organized, labeled, described, and microfilmed. It includes a wide variety of original records, documents, and printed materials relating to local and distant earthquakes. The single largest and most complex component of the task has been the preparation and microfilming of Caltech's vast collection of original seismograms. The original proposal envisioned a modest project in which a selected number of seismographic records at Caltech could be made more generally available to the scientific community. These single‐copy records are stored at Kresge Laboratory and comprise thousands of individual photographic sheets, each 30×92 cm. In the end, we microfilmed both the Pasadena station records and those written at the six original stations in the Caltech network. This task got underway in June 1981 and was completed in January 1985. In the course of the project, the staff sorted, arranged, inventoried, copied, and refiled more than 276,000 records written between January 10, 1923 and December 31, 1962. The microfilm edition of the earthquake records at the Seismological Laboratory at Pasadena and at auxiliary stations at Mount Wilson, Riverside, Santa Barbara, La Jolla, Tinemaha, and Haiwee (the latter two in the Owens Valley) consists of 461 reels of film. The film archive is cataloged and available to researchers in Caltech's Millikan Library in Pasadena, at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif, and at the World Data Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) in Boulder, Colo.
Conrad crosses millionth mile
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Robert D. Conrad, the first ship built by the U.S. Navy specifically for oceanographic research, recently crossed its one millionth mile. As Eos went to press, the ship was scheduled to reach the landmark October 26, 1985, on a joint research project with the People's Republic of China to perform a mul‐tichannel seismic survey beneath the South China Sea.
September streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflows were normal to well above normal at 93% of the key index gaging stations across the country during September, according to the end of the month check on water resources conditions by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS hydrologists said that of the 174 key index gaging stations reporting for September, 35% (61 stations) had well above normal flows, 58% (101) stations had normal flows, and only 7% (12 stations) had well below normal flows.
NRC research associateships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council (NRC) is accepting applications for the 1986 Resident, Cooperative, and Postdoctoral Research Associateship programs. Under these programs, about 350 Ph.D. scientists and engineers will have the opportunity to perform research as guest investigators in a laboratory in one of 25 federal agencies or research institutions.
Quantitative Aspects of Magnetospheric Physics
Authors: Palmadesso Peter J.
Published: October 2011

This book deals with a number of topics in magnetospheric physics, but a review of the physics of magnetically trapped radiation and related phenomena threads through all the technical discussions and forms a major unifying theme. In developing this theme, the authors rely heavily on their own previously published journal articles (both are prolific scientists), but the treatment generally parallels that found in two earlier texts on this subject, Dynamics of Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation, by J. Roederer (1970), and Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts, by M. Schulz and L.J. Lanzerotti (1974) (both published by Springer‐Verlag, New York). Juan Roederer's book offers a thorough treatment of adiabatic theory and its application to radiation belt structure; it also includes a relatively brief treatment of diffusion processes—an active subject at the leading edge of radiation belt research in 1970. The Schulz and Lanzerotti work reverses this emphasis: adiabatic theory is reviewed, and radiation belt diffusion theory, by 1974 a much more mature but still active research area, is developed in detail and applied in studies of trapping region dynamics.
John Milne: Father of Modern Seismology
Authors: Howell B. F.
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this book “is to present a picture of the interesting life of this almost forgotten man.” It succeeds. The emphasis is on John Milne as a person rather than on his accomplishments as a scientist. The authors have drawn on a wide variety of sources to round out a revealing biography of the man. From their treatment the reader will see something of the drives that impel a man to the frontiers of science and to leadership in his specialty. The treatment is sympathetic, written with an uncommon understanding by two men who themselves are science teachers. The coverage of the scientific achievements of Milne, on the other hand, is brief. Details of his seismological work can be better learned from more technical sources.
New trends in earthquake prediction
Authors: Rao B. Ramalingeswara
Published: October 2011

Earthquakes constitute one of the most damaging natural disasters. Their prediction, whether short‐ or long‐term, is of vital importance in nations such as India and China in which dense populations are housed in nonresistant structures. Forewarning would significantly mitigate the consequences of earthquake occurence.
[Comment on “There is No Magnestophere nor is there a plasmasphere!”] There is no magnetosphere
Authors: Anderson Kinsey A.
Published: October 2011

In his Forum article in Eos, A.C. Fraser‐Smith advocates that we no longer use the word "magnetosphere" to describe the space occupied by the earth's magnetic field. He argues that since the magnetosphere is not spherical in the geometric sense, we should be emabarrasssed to use this word when communicating with graduate students.
[Comment on “There is No Magnestophere nor is there a plasmasphere!”] There is no magnetosphere
Authors: Behannon K. W.
Published: October 2011

I am surprised that A.C. Fraser‐Smith is only aware of the geometric meaning of the word "sphere." According to Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary (2d edition, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979), the word also has the meaning "the place or range of action or existence."
New land subsidence guidebook
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

As part of a project of the International Hydrological Program, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has released a new publication entitled “Guidebook to Studies of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal.” This publication, which pays particular attention to measures to control and arrest subsidence, should serve as a guide to engineers, geologists, and hydrologists faced with investigation and solving of problems of land subsidence.
The last word on science
Authors: Wheaton Bruce R.
Published: October 2011

While I was growing up, history was presented as a succession of political events stretched on a matrix of dates, elections, battles, and diplomatic coups. I found it all rather boring, so it is somewhat ironic that I find myself now a professional historian.

My own views began to change when I discovered that some people studied the evolution of things other than politics: of ideas and concepts, of the social institutions that affected and were affected by those ideas, of the relationship in general between society and (for the case in point) the sciences. I had always been interested in science but rather more in the process of scientific validation of concepts than in assimilating the currently accepted world view. I was therefore delighted to discover the field of history of science and was fortunate to have several excellent teachers to introduce me to it.
Ulysses to explore poles of Sun
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

So spoke the ancient Greek hero in Alfred Lord Tennyson's “Ulysses.” Next spring, a spacecraft bearing the adventurer's name will set out to explore just such an “untravell'd world”—the regions that lie outside the ecliptic plane. This mission out of the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun will be the subject of “Out of the Ecliptic: Observations and Predictions,” an all‐day session on Monday, December 9, at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
NSF budget for fiscal 1986
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Congress recently passed its first authorization bill for the National Science Foundation (NSF) since fiscal year (FY) 1981. As part of specifying how NSF should spend its money, the bill (H.R. 1210) directs NSF to conduct biannual assessments of universities' needs for research facilities, as called for in the proposed University Research Facilities Revitalization Act (H.R. 2823) (Eos, September 17, 1985, p. 660).

The NSF appropriation was of another bill (H.R. 3038) that provided more than $50 billion for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and for 17 independent agencies. The appropriation bill calls for NSF to receive $45.6 million less for research and related activities than the budget request, $5 million less than the request for the U.S. Antarctic Program, but $5 million more than the request for science and engineering education (see Table 1).
1984–1985 ANSMET Season
Authors: Sandford Scott
Published: October 2011

The Antarctic Search for Meteorites program (ANSMET), under the overall direction of W. A. Cassidy (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.), continued its work of past years by conducting an expedition to southern Victoria Land during the 1984–1985 austral summer. Party members included Cassidy, Catherine King‐Frazier (James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.), Scott Sandford (Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.), John Schutt (University of Pittsburgh), Roberta Score (National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex.), Carl Thompson (a freelance mountaineer from Canterbury, New Zealand), and Robert Walker (Washington University).
Meeting summary housing and registration information
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 1986 Ocean Sciences Meeting of the American Geophysical Union and the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) will be held January 13–17, 1986, in New Orleans, La., at the Fairmont Hotel. Co‐sponsoring societies are the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), the American Meteorological Society (AMS), the Marine Technology Society (MTS), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Oceanic Engineering Society (OES).

Some of the most compelling problems in science and technology span two or more disciplines, and this is especially true of oceanography, which is an amalgamation of several sciences with technology. This meeting will cover topics that include physical and biological oceanography, atmospheric sciences, chemical and geological oceanography, underwater acoustics, and ocean technology.
Cynthia Bravo: 25 years at AGU
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Cynthia L. Bravo, director of the Meetings and Member Programs Division at AGU headquarters, last week celebrated her 25th anniversary as a member of the AGU staff. The only other person to have achieved this distinction is Waldo E. Smith, AGU Executive Director Emeritus.

When Cynthia reported for work on November 21, 1960, she became the 13th member of the Union's headquarters staff. Although her official title was clerk‐typist, she was immediately dispatched to the mail room to send ballots to the 6267 AGU members (Thomas F. Malone was running unopposed for President and George P. Woollard and Charles A. Whitten were running for Vice President). Two weeks later, she was promoted to subscription supervisor. Although ensuing promotions did not follow as quickly, in her 25 years at AGU, Cynthia has worked in a variety of positions: as head of staff services, administrative assistant to the office manager, administrative assistant to the executive director, meetings manager, and member programs manager. On January 1, 1980, she became director of what is now called the Meetings and Member Programs Division, which serves the more than 18,000 current members and encompasses all programs except publications.
NSF seeks award nominations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Alan T. Walterman Award committee of the National Science Foundation (NSF) is calling for nominations of candidates for this annual award, which is now in its 1lth year. The award is intended to recognize an outstanding young researcher in any field of science, mathematics, or engineering and to encourage further high‐quality research. The award was established by Congress in 1975 to mark NSF's 25th anniversary and to honor Waterman, who was the foundation's first director.
ONR fellowships available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications are now available for the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Graduate Fellowships. About 45 fellowships will be awarded to U.S. citizens or nationals who have not yet begun graduate work. Applicants must be planning to work toward a doctoral degree in certain subdisciplines within the following areas: electrical engineering, mathematics, computer science, naval architecture and ocean engineering, materials science, applied physics, aerospacelmechanical engineering, and the life sciences.
Controversial Geosat data to be released
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Some of the data from the Navy's Geodetic Satellite (Geosat) mission may soon be made available to the research community and to the public, following several years of efforts to set up a mechanism for sharing what had been designated as classified data with non‐Navy scientists. The release of data may begin in “a couple of months,” according to Tom Davis, head of Advanced Technology Staff at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) in Bay St. Louis, Miss.
Congress passes space year
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The year 1992 will mark the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in America and the 35th anniversary of both the International Geophysical Year and the launch of Sputnik. The U.S. Senate passed a joint resolution (S.J.Res. 177) on November 21 recommending that the President endorse an International Space Year (ISY) in 1992. A similar resolution introduced in the House of Representatives was incorporated into the conference report (House Report 99‐379) accompanying the authorization bill for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and approved by both houses, also on November 21. As Eos went to press, the NASA authorization bill (H.R. 1714) awaited President Ronald Reagan's signature.
Sulfide deposits on Gorda ridge
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Fist‐sized nuggets of sulfide minerals were recently recovered from under 3400 m of water along the Gorda Ridge, about 270 km off the coast of Northern California. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research ship S.P. Lee dredged the samples from the floor of the Escanaba Trough in September. In 1984, USGS marine ssientists had called the Escabana Trough the most promising area for mineral exploration in the Gorda Ridge.
Sea Bed Mechanics
Authors: Basco David R.
Published: October 2011

This book summarizes what is known about the interaction of water motions and bottom boundary materials. Classical hydro and soil mechanics topics are woven together with the goal of clearer understanding of the bottom currents that transport pollutants, the dissipation of wave energy, the formation of ripples and dunes, and the transport of sediment.
Radiolaria
Authors: Takahashi Kozo
Published: October 2011

If one were trying to find information available on the Radiolaria, one would normally be impeded by the fact that there are no handy modern publications on the subject. Literature on radiolarians is widely distributed and ranges from biological monographs to paleontological and stratigraphic books and papers; a synthesis was desperately needed. Prior to the publication of Radiolaria, there existed several books or monographs devoted only to taxonomy, classification, or other single aspects of the Radiolaria, but none of these here comprehensive enough to cover the entire field. One of the major goals of this book is to condense the data from the large body of literature on radiolarians into a concise treatise.
Neil Mather Brice 1934–1974
Authors: Axford W. I. , Farley D. T. , Helliwell R. A. , Kennel C. F.
Published: October 2011

How many of us express our deepest thoughts about life on our office doors? Neil Brice evidently did, because he posted Oscar Wilde's famous aphorism on his. We are sure Brice wished that he had said it first.

Neil Brice is now dead 11 years, killed at age 40 in an airplane crash in Pago Pago, American Samoa. This article is a remembrance of him. Yet it is more than that, for in recalling Brice, we call forth memories of the time when modern magnetospheric physics was being born, a time when our measurements were consistent only in their suggestive inconsistency, a time when there was no refuge for the unimaginative.
A modest proposal
Authors: Axford W. I. , Farley D. T. , Helliwell R. A. , Kennel C. F.
Published: October 2011

Soon after Neil Brice's death, W.I. Axford and C.F. Kennel proposed to AGU a “Neil Brice Memorial Lecture” on planetary magnetospheric physics. Many of his friends and colleagues wrote to AGU in support. We do not know why this proposal failed. Perhaps it was because an honorarium and travel expenses were involved. We do know that Neil Brice cared about ideas, not money. Why not just name an annual lecture after Neil Brice? To speak under his name is honor enough. If you agree, why don't you write George Reid, the president of the AGU Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section? He has agreed to take charge of the proposal, should there be enough support for it. Please write, today, before you forget, to George C. Reid, Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.
Project PROMIS to coordinate satellites
Authors: Hones Edward H.
Published: October 2011

The present extensive program of research in solar‐terrestrial physics is an outgrowth of the centuries‐old effort of scientists to understand the auroras and their associated geomagnetic and ionospheric effects. In every century, scientists have been quick to apply advances in technology and in the physical sciences to their search for this understanding. The opening of the space age ∼30 yr ago finally brought the opportunity to carry instruments into space around the earth to examine the physical processes there that are associated with the auroras. This tremendous technological advancement soon revealed the radiation belts and, beyond those, the intricate structure of the outer magnetosphere and the complexities of its interactions with the ionosphere and the upper atmosphere, as well as the solar wind.
Cooperative research at USGS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is accepting applications for a program that would allow scientists and engineers from private industry and universities to do cooperative research with USGS. Under the Industrial Research Associate (IRA) program, private sector researchers will work on projects that “advance research programs and objectives of the USGS and [its parent agency] the Department of the Interior,” according to an announcement from the USGS. Proposals can be discussed or developed jointly with the USGS research staff.
November streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

It was a wet November for much ot the United States, and 25 of the nation's key index stream‐gaging stations reported new record high flows for the month, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS hydrologists said 96% of the key index stations reported streamflows that were in the normal or above‐normal range. Only 12 stations, most of them in the west, reported well below average streamflows for November. Of the 173 index stations reporting for the month, 107 stations (62%) reported well‐above average flows and 59 stations (34%) reported flows in the normal range. New record high flows were set for streams in West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Montana, the USGS said.
Mass extinction causes debated
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A highly charged atmosphere and a tacit agreement to disagree marked the first Union session at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting,“Where Are We Now on Iridium, Anomalies, Extinctions, Impacts, Volcanism, and Periodicity?” The session brought together a remarkably large and varied group of participants who are studying topics related to mass extinctions. “The important thing is bringing all these people together, sharing … how they think,” said J. John Sepkoski, Jr., of the University of Chicago, who presented one of the session's invited papers.

The controversies under discussion included the nature of the catastrophic events that may have occurred 65 million years ago to precipitate mass extinctions between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods and whether mass extinctions have occurred at regular intervals (and if so, what those intervals are). Both the group advocating extraterrestrial impacts and that advocating episodes of unusual terrestrial volcanism seemed to agree that both kinds of catastrophes would have brought on highly acidic precipitation that could have threatened many life forms. In fact, one paleontologist called for closer examination of patterns of survival during periods of mass extinctions in order to gain clues about the nature of the events that may have brought on the extinctions. “The survivors … set limits on what could have occurred,” said William A. Clemens of the University of California, Berkeley.
Model simulates ocean conditions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have developed a high‐resolution general circulation computer model that has been used to simulate ocean conditions in the tropical Pacific. According to George Philander of NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, N.J., the new model has been used in a “remarkably realistic” simulation of the 1982–1983 El Niño event, one of the most severe on record.

The model accurately recreated sea surface temperatures at different stages of the El Niño event and provided simulated currents and subsurface temperatures in excellent agreement with those actually observed, Philander said. “The model is being run in real time, and for the first time provides us with a coherent picture of oceanic conditions in the Pacific.” Later this year, the new model will be transferred to NOAA's National Meteorological Center for operational use.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 10(11), November 30, 1985, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E86‐002 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmospheres and Oceans
Authors: Arthur Michael A.
Published: October 2011

Having devoured Holland's earlier book on the modern state of ocean and atmosphere chemical reservoirs, The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1978), and having read several of the stimulating papers that derived from his work on the promised companion volume, concerned with the history of atmospheric and ocean chemistry, I eagerly anticipated publication of The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans. It has been published, and I am not disappointed, nor will the education of any graduate student or practing professional in the earth or ocean sciences be complete without thorough study of this long‐awaited book. There is nothing else that resembles it in subject matter, comprehensiveness, and thoughtful and objective analysis of data and of old and new ideas in the field.

Holland has devoted space and consideration in his book to the different episodes in atmospheric and ocean chemical history of the earth roughly in proportion to the relative duration of each episode. This, of course, means that the treatment of the relatively data‐rich Phanerozoic interval is more terse than the sections on the Precambrian. Yet Holland handles the paucity of data for the Precambrian with flair and appropriate conjecture. In fact, it is in this part of the book that his impressive intellect shines.
Acting Director appointed for OSTP
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

John P. McTague has been designated acting director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and acting science advisor to the President. McTague has served as the deputy director of OSTP under director George A. Keyworth II for the last 2 years. After 4½ years as science advisor, Keyworth left OSTP December 31 to start a consulting firm (Eos, December 10, 1985, p. 1219).

A physical chemist by training, McTague was chairman of the National Synchrotron Light Source Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., from 1982 to late 1983, when he took the post at OSTP. From 1970–1982, he was a professor of chemistry and a member of the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Navy establishes new institute
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Navy recently established an Institute for Naval Oceanography (INO) as a “field activity” of the Office of Naval Research. Establishment of the new institute is one of 15 initiatives to reinvigorate Navy oceanography, according to Capt. Roger P. Onorati, the officer in charge of INO and the commanding officer of the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). INO is expected to be in operation within a year, Onorati said.
Prophet”or Professor? The Life and Work of Lewis Fry Richardson
Authors: Smagorinsky Joseph
Published: October 2011

This book focuses on a man who, in his lifetime, was scarcely known to the general public. Yet within certain circles, Richardson has had enormous impact within recent years. Although there are many scientists and humanists who exercise influence in their own respective fields, rarely do they bridge disciplines. It is this combination that has made Lewis Fry Richardson a figure worthy of a full‐length biography, not just to record his contributions to each field but to provide an analysis and understanding of what motivated his diversity. In another age, Richardson would have been counted as a Renaissance man. He has variously been referred to as a chemist, physicist, mathematician, psychologist, meteorologist, economist, and biologist. In retrospect, he clearly was well ahead of his time, whether the subject in question was his work in numerical weather prediction or in war studies.
Editor' Citation: Excellence in refereeing
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Stan Gianzero, whose photograph appears below, has been cited for excellence in refereeing. His photograph was not available at the time that other AGU journal referees were cited (Eos, September 3, 1985, p. 635). The time and diligence contributed by AGU's reviewers enhances the quality of the Union's journals. The editor's citation recognizes this special service to AGU; Gianzero, along with his fellow referees, is to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews.
Planet Earth and the New Geoscience
Authors: Burke Kevin
Published: October 2011

AGU has embarked on a new kind of activity by becoming involved in an ambitious project called “Planet Earth,” the core of which consists of a series of television programs to be seen in the United States on PBS, starting in January of this year (see box). I here review a course text designed to be used in combination with these television specials.

Although there is an element of self‐interest in reviewing in Eos a book that forms part of a project to which AGU is heavily committed. I have been able to quiet my conscience by convincing myself that there are special reasons for such a review: the concerted text and television approach is novel in our field, the subject matter is of general interest to members of the Union, and (most important) I was not myself involved. The more than 75 people cited in the credits include the current AGU president and several of his distinguished predecessors, as well as numerous geophysicists, with a sprinkling of science journalists, educators, administrators, and television experts.
Shuttle accident stalls science plans
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Plans to make 1986 a uniquely productive year for U.S. space science activities ended in one horrible moment with the January 28, 1986, explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. The joyless scene at Cape Canaveral, Fla., stood in sharp contrast to the overwhelming success of Voyager 2 in its encounter with Uranus 4 days earlier. (Scientific details of that encounter will follow in upcoming issues of Eos.)

Of the 15 space shuttle flights planned for fiscal year 1986, beginning October 1, 1985, a total of seven were to have carried scientific payloads for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The remaining eight flights were evenly divided between missions for the U.S. Department of Defense and commercial missions for NASA's paying customers. The explosion caused NASA to put its entire space shuttle program on hold to allow time for engineers to find the cause of the accident and for NASA to implement corrective measures. As Eos went to press, NASA acting administrator William R. Graham had not yet released the names of those who would serve on the formal investigative panel. “I think everybody's agreed that it will take weeks to months to unravel,” said Alexander Dessler, director of the space science laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center near Huntsville, Ala. Dessler speculated that investigators would begin with a list of hundreds of possible causes for the explosion.
Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Award is presented by the Ocean Sciences Section of AGU to an individual who has made outstanding and longstanding contributions to the ocean sciences. Previous recipients are Eugene C. LaFond 1982, Richard C. Vetter 1983, Robert E. Wall 1983, Fennan D. Jennings 1984, Wayne V. Burt 1984, W. Stanley Wilson 1984, Curtis A. Collins 1985.

Nominations are solicited for candidates for the Ocean Sciences Award in 1986. Letters of nomination should be sent to Arnold L. Gordon, President‐Elect, Ocean Sciences Section, Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964. The deadline for nominations is May 1, 1986. Nominations may be accompanied by seconding nominations and a resume of the candidate.
Investigation of Surtsey Volcano
Authors: Moore James G. , Jakobsson Sveinn P. , Norrman John O.
Published: October 2011

The volcanic island of Surtsey, Iceland, was built during the period November 1963 to June 1967 and is one of the few oceanic volcanic islands that has formed and survived in recent times. New stimulus to geologic work on the island was provided in 1979 by completion of a 181‐m‐deep hole that was drilled to investigate the structure of the volcano and the active hydrothermal system below.

During August 1985 an international group of researchers undertook a series of geologic and biologic investigations on the island. This work was facilitated by new aerial photographs taken by the Icelandic Geodetic Survey and a new bathymetric map of the Surtsy region made by the Icelandic Hydrographic Service (both in Reykjavik). Ground surveying of markers appearing in the photographs will permit a major revision of the to pographic map of the island (scale 1:5000). The new bathymetry defines the extent of continuing erosion of three volcanic vents, two of which formed short‐lived islands during the Surtsey eruptive episode. Since 1967, when the first bathymetry of these submarine features was made, the summitt errace of Syrtlingur has been reduced from 23 to 32 m below sea level; that of Jolnir, from 15 to 37 m; and that of Surtla, from 32 t o 46 m.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 10(12), December 31, 1985, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E86‐003 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Perspectives on Capitol Hill: Notes from a former Fellow
Authors: Bernabo J. Christopher
Published: October 2011

The AGU Congressional Science Fellowship (CSF) enables scientists to venture into the policy arena and return wiser about the political forces that shape our nation and the scientific enterprise it supports. As chairman of AGU's CSF selection committee for 5 years after leaving the Hill, I have observed that this experience has a lasting influence on the Fellows by providing them with a unique and valuable appreciation of the relationship between science and policy.

Science does not provide the answers to policy makers' ultimate questions. We elect our officials to arbitrate and act on concepts such as equity, good, and evil. Science is mute on the values that underlie the decisions societies make. Technical information is crucial inidentifying concerns, framing issues , and defining the physical conseque nces of alternative actions. Yet in the end, a subjective value judgement determines what policy is “right.” Take the example of nuclear energy: should our policies encourage or discourage its use? On the surface this appears to be a question with a technical answer. Congress has called on dozens of scientists to offer an answer and predictably has found Nobel Laureates on both sides because any answer involves a value judgement. Science can approximate the risks and benefits, but society must decide what ratio between the two is acceptable .
Inner Core Experiments: Teleseismic exploration of the antipode
Authors: Butler Rhett , Brocher Thomas M. , Rial José A.
Published: October 2011

A seismic experiment at the antipode of a nuclear test will yield high resolution data for the inner core, outer core, and core‐mantle boundary of the earth that are not obtainable at any other place on the earth's surface. The antipode to the Nevada test site lies 180° opposite in the Crozet basin of the Southwest Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the Kerguelen Islands. An ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) array deployment at the antipode is feasible with present‐day navigation and technology. Current seismic wave propagation techniques can handle the analysis and modeling of data from an antipode experiment. The primary impediments of an antipode experiment are threefold:

security of nuclear tests,

ship scheduling,

funding coordination

. Although difficulties are presented by each, they can be overcome.
Human impact on rivers
Authors: Cole John A.
Published: October 2011

Hydrologists from eastern and western Europe met at the U.K. Institute of Hydrology in Wallingford in November 1985 to launch a new environmental impact project, established under Project 6.1 of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The work is being jointly funded by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Norway, and the Federal Republic of Germany; it will be based at Wallingford.

The project will utilize the results of longterm monitoring of experimental and representative basins from a number of countries and includes the effects of man's activities (such as acidification, forestry, and groundwater pollution) on snow melt, flood and lowflow frequencies, and water quality regimes for both surface and groundwaters. There will be a strong emphasis on techniques for transferring results from experimental basins to ungaged regions.