bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender awareness and perception on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Taytay, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Jontila Jean Beth , Jose Edgar , Manucan Ronel Judd , Sajorne Recca , Untalan Sharon-Jully , Tucay Cynthia
Published: June 2024

Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a recognized tool for conservation and fisheries management. In the Philippines, there are around 1,800 locally-managed MPAs and 155 are in Palawan. However, gender knowledge and perceptions on their impacts on communities and the environment are poorly documented. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the gender awareness and perception on MPAs’ functions, benefits, and status of coastal communities in Taytay, Palawan, Philippines. The socio-demographics of the respondents and their effects on perceptions were also investigated. There were 401 respondents but only 108 were considered for analysis after data cleaning. About 60% are men and 40% are women. A total of 16 questions on MPA awareness and perceptions were asked during the interview that utilized KoboToolBox. The data were analyzed using General Linear Model, and Principal Component Analysis. Results showed that awareness varied between genders with men being more aware of the existence of MPAs (82%) and its programs (72%). However, both have almost the same level of perception on benefits from MPAs. Men and women perceived MPAs to have helped in conservation like improving biodiversity, but not on providing direct economic benefits such as an increase in catch and income. These indicate that their perceptions on MPAs were generally theoretical, rather than actual. Further, men’s perceptions were significantly affected by age and ethnicity while women’s perceptions were not affected by any of their socio-demographics.
Predictors of students’ conceptual understanding on finding volume of solids of revolutions in Integral Calculus
Authors: Travero Arnel , Roble Dennis
Published: June 2024

Learning calculus concepts frustrates a lot of learners. This study assessed self-efficacy and previous mathematics performance (PMP) of Integral Calculus students and described the impact of these variables on their conceptual understanding on finding volume of solids of revolution (VSOR). This study utilized a quantitative non-experimental predictive research design for 86 students enrolled in Integral Calculus at the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines. A 6-item teacher-made open-ended test was used to quantify students’ conceptual understanding on finding VSOR. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, were used to determine students’ level of self-efficacy, previous mathematics performance, and their score in conceptual understanding test. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if self-efficacy and previous mathematics performance are predictors of students’ conceptual understanding. Results showed that self-efficacy was a predictor of students’ conceptual understanding on finding VSOR and an important factor in the development of the profound understanding of the concepts of VSOR in Integral Calculus among students. Hence, it is recommended that calculus teachers should give emphasis on the development of the conceptual understanding moving away from teaching anchored merely on procedures. Moreover, calculus teachers need to explore on strategies that can effectively enhance students’ self-efficacy which is instrumental for students’ profound conceptual understanding of calculus concepts. Future research may be conducted in the face to face classes to establish generalizability of the results obtained because this study was conducted during the pandemic where the mode of instruction was online.
In vitro studies of Asian medicinal plants with potential activity against breast cancer
Authors: Zakaria Zaida , Gan Siew Hua , Mohamed Mahaneem
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women, and the side effects reported for conventional treatments have motivated scientists to investigate the anticancer properties of natural products such as medicinal plants. This review summarizes the in vitro studies on medicinal plants available in Asian countries, including Aloe vera, Alpinia galangal, Centella asiatica, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Morinda citrifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Zingiber officinale, Pereskia bleo, and Typhonium flagelliforme that have exhibited potential therapeutic properties against breast cancer. The mechanisms of action and potential drug-natural product interactions are discussed because these plants are commonly used in Asian populations. Clinical trials are warranted to further explore the safety and efficacy of these plants to better manage breast cancer in the future.
Anthropologists witnessing and reshaping the neoliberal academy
Authors: Heatherington Tracey , Zerilli (eds) Filippo M.
Published: June 2024

This Forum continues the discussions opened up in a previous Anuac Forum (vol. 5, n. 1, June 2016) about the changing nature of higher education under neoliberalism and its implications for the future of anthropology. We hope that these additional commentaries and exchanges will inspire university students, scholars and staff to move together towards a transnational coalition in favour of new visions of the university. The Forum features contributions by Virginia R. Dominguez, Sam Beck, Carl A. Maida, Martin A. Mills, Berardino Palumbo, Alan Smart, Ger Duijzings, Alexis M. Jordan & Shaheen M. Christie, Boone W. Shear, Alexander Koensler & Cristina Papa, and the Reclaiming Our University Movement.
Naturalism and the representation of animals in the southern French Pyrenees
Authors: Zuppi Andrea
Published: June 2024

Models of “Western ontology” often depict the Euro-American world in a stereotypical way that does not seem to have much to do with empirical reality. The aim of this article is to assess the ethnographic soundness of one of these models: naturalism (Descola 2013). In Beyond nature and culture, Philippe Descola makes the hypothesis that Westerners are “naturalists”, namely, that they trace an unbridgeable gap between the domain of culture, to which they belong, and the “mute and impersonal” domain of nature. Thus, for alleged naturalists, animals are nothing but machines, devoid of all the inner qualities typical of the human being. In this paper, I will analyze the relation between naturalism and ethnographic data collected in Semot, a small village in the southern French Pyrenees. Through a focus on human-animal relations in the contexts of hunting and herding, it will be shown how naturalism proves to be a rather inadequate model to account for the ways animals are represented in Semot.
Cartografare paesaggi sonori: Un itinerario etnografico nella rete degli Uditori di Voci
Authors: Minelli Massimiliano
Published: June 2024

L’esperienza di “sentire le voci” è al centro dell’azione e del discorso politico del Movimento degli uditori di voci. Recentemente il Movimento ha contribuito a un dibattito pubblico relativo al riconoscimento di questa esperienza extra-ordinaria, lottando contro i processi di stigmatizzazione dei pazienti psichiatrici e promuovendo nuove relazioni di potere nel campo psichiatrico. Condividendo l’esperienza uditiva delle voci, infatti, le persone sperimentano pratiche dialogiche ed esplorazioni innovative della vita quotidiana. Il percorso sperimentale intrapreso può contribuire a una riflessione sull’intimo rapporto fra la corporeità, multisensorialità e place-making. In questo articolo propongo una esplorazione di alcuni aspetti di questa pratica, attraverso un’etnografia realizzata insieme a un gruppo di uditori di voci, in Italia. In particolare, concentrandomi sulla conoscenza situata dei paesaggi sonori, cerco di cartografare i concatenamenti tra voce, movimento e immaginazione, come forme di deterritorializzazione e come possibile contributo al confronto politico-culturale in corso.
European anthropology: Transnationality and reflexivity within a shared horizon of meaning
Authors: Čapo Jasna
Published: June 2024

Why is European anthropology still a controversial concept? In this commentary, I propose to locate European anthropology in its epistemology, by which is primarily meant the discipline’s reflexivity, and in its transnational setting which requires not only communication across national borders but also equality in exchanges among European anthropologists. Also, I argue that European anthropology is to be found in the common horizon of meaning that is shared by European anthropologists. Along these lines, I conclude that dealing with the “controversy” of European anthropology entails engaging with further controversies.
House personhood in rural Andean Bolivia
Authors: Alderman Jonathan
Published: June 2024

In the rural Bolivian Andes, personhood is defined by intersubjective reciprocal relationships between human and nonhuman beings. This paper examines the role of the house as a living being in itself and a conduit between its inhabitants and local place deities. In the rural Andes, houses (traditionally made from adobe but increasingly from brick) materially connect their inhabitants with a sacred landscape, and rituals performed at their construction create the house as a living being in its own right. This article, based on fieldwork with the Kallawayas, an indigenous nation in Northwest Bolivia, examines the Kallawaya relationship to the house in the context of Andean ethnography on housebuilding, observing the role of the house in communal ritual life. The house, for the Kallawayas, is argued to be an assemblage of energy with its inhabitants and the landscape, a fractal representative of the homologous structure of the rural Andean community, the ayllu.
Divergent downstream biosynthetic pathways are supported by L-cysteine synthases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Mehak Zahoor , Hunt Deborah M. , Singha Biplab , Kapoor Yogita , Singh Nitesh Kumar , Prasad D. V. Sai , Dharmarajan Sriram , Sowpati Divya Tej , de Carvalho Luiz Pedro S. , Nandicoori Vinay Kumar
Published: June 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis’s (Mtb)
autarkic lifestyle within the host involves rewiring its transcriptional networks to combat host-induced stresses. With the help of RNA-seq performed under various stress conditions, we identified that genes belonging to
Mtb
sulfur metabolism pathways are significantly upregulated during oxidative stress. Using an integrated approach of microbial genetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, animal experiments, chemical inhibition, and rescue studies, we investigated the biological role of non-canonical L-cysteine synthases, CysM and CysK2. While transcriptome signatures of
Rv
Δ
cysM
and
Rv
Δ
cysK2
appear similar under regular growth conditions, we observed unique transcriptional signatures when subjected to oxidative stress. We followed pool size and labelling (
34
S) of key downstream metabolites, viz. mycothiol and ergothioneine, to monitor L-cysteine biosynthesis and utilization. This revealed the significant role of distinct L-cysteine biosynthetic routes on redox stress and homeostasis. CysM and CysK2 independently facilitate
Mtb
survival by alleviating host-induced redox stress, suggesting they are not fully redundant during infection. With the help of genetic mutants and chemical inhibitors, we show that CysM and CysK2 serve as unique, attractive targets for adjunct therapy to combat mycobacterial infection.
PUFA stabilizes a conductive state of the selectivity filter in IKs channels
Authors: Golluscio Alessia , Eldstrom Jodene , Jowais Jessica J. , Perez-Rodriguez Marta E. , Cunningham Kevin P. , de la Cruz Alicia , Wu Xiaoan , Corradi Valentina , Tielman D. Peter , Fedida David , Larsson H. Peter
Published: June 2024

In cardiomyocytes, the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel complex mediates the slow delayed-rectifier current (IKs), pivotal during the repolarization phase of the ventricular action potential. Mutations in IKs cause Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), a syndrome with a prolonged QT interval on the ECG, which increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. One potential therapeutical intervention for LQTS is based on targeting IKs channels to restore channel function and/or the physiological QT interval. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent activators of KCNQ1 channels and activate IKs channels by binding to two different sites, one in the voltage sensor domain (VSD) – which shifts the voltage dependence to more negative voltages– and the other in the pore domain (PD) – which increases the maximal conductance of the channels (Gmax). However, the mechanism by which PUFAs increase the Gmax of the IKs channels is still poorly understood. In addition, it is unclear why IKs channels have a very small single channel conductance and a low open probability or whether PUFAs affect any of these properties of IKs channels. Our results suggest that the selectivity filter in KCNQ1 is normally unstable, contributing to the low open probability, and that the PUFA-induced increase in Gmax is caused by a stabilization of the selectivity filter in an open-conductive state.
MftG is crucial for ethanol metabolism of mycobacteria by linking mycofactocin oxidation to respiration
Authors: Graça Ana Patrícia , Nikitushkin Vadim , Ellerhorst Mark , Vilhena Cláudia , Klassert Tilman E , Starick Andreas , Siemers Malte , Al-Jammal Walid K , Vilotijevic Ivan , Slevogt Hortense , Papenfort Kai , Lackner Gerald
Published: June 2024

Mycofactocin is a redox cofactor essential for the alcohol metabolism of mycobacteria. While the biosynthesis of mycofactocin is well established, the gene mftG, which encodes an oxidoreductase of the glucose-methanol-choline superfamily, remained functionally uncharacterized. Here, we show that MftG enzymes are almost exclusively found in genomes containing mycofactocin biosynthetic genes and are present in 75% of organisms harboring these genes. Gene deletion experiments in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis demonstrated a growth defect of the ∆mftG mutant on ethanol as a carbon source, accompanied by an arrest of cell division reminiscent of mild starvation. Investigation of carbon and cofactor metabolism implied a defect in mycofactocin reoxidation. Cell-free enzyme assays and respirometry using isolated cell membranes indicated that MftG acts as a mycofactocin dehydrogenase shuttling electrons toward the respiratory chain. Transcriptomics studies also indicated remodeling of redox metabolism to compensate for a shortage of redox equivalents. In conclusion, this work closes an important knowledge gap concerning the mycofactocin system and adds a new pathway to the intricate web of redox reactions governing the metabolism of mycobacteria.
Toxin-based screening of C-terminal tags in Escherichia coli reveals the exceptional potency of ssrA-like degrons
Authors: Beardslee Patrick C. , Schmitz Karl R.
Published: June 2024

All bacteria possess ATP-dependent proteases that destroy cytosolic proteins. These enzymes help cells mitigate proteotoxic stress, adapt to changing nutrient availability, regulate virulence phenotypes, and transition to pathogenic lifestyles. Moreover, ATP-dependent proteases have emerged as promising antibacterial and antivirulence targets in a variety of pathogens. The physiological roles of these proteases are largely defined by the complement of proteins that they degrade. Substrates are typically recognized in a highly selective manner, often via short unstructured sequences termed degrons. While a few degrons have been identified and rigorously characterized, we lack a systematic understanding of how proteases select valid degrons from the vast complexity of protein sequence space. Here, we describe a novel high-throughput screening approach in
Escherichia coli
that couples proteolysis of a protein toxin to cell survival. We used this method to screen a combinatorial library of C-terminal pentapeptide sequences for functionality as proteolytic degrons in wild type
E. coli
, and in strains lacking components of the ClpXP and ClpAP proteases. By examining the competitive enrichment of sequences over time, we found that about one percent of pentapeptide tags lead to toxin proteolysis. Interestingly, the most enriched degrons were ClpXP-dependent and highly similar to the ssrA tag, one of the most extensively characterized degrons in bacteria. Among ssrA-like sequences, we observed that specific upstream residues correlate with successful recognition. The lack of diversity among strongly enriched sequences suggests that ssrA-like tags comprise a uniquely potent class of short C-terminal degron in
E. coli
. Efficient proteolysis of substrates lacking such degrons likely requires adaptors or multivalent interactions. These findings broaden our understanding of the constraints that shape the bacterial proteolytic landscape. Our screening approach may be broadly applicable to probing aspects of proteolytic substrate selection in other bacterial systems.
SLC35G1: A highly chloride-sensitive transporter responsible for the basolateral membrane transport in intestinal citrate absorption
Authors: Mimura Yoshihisa , Yasujima Tomoya , Inoue Katsuhisa , Akino Shogo , Namba Chitaka , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Yutaro , Ohta Kinya , Yamashiro Takahiro , Yuasa Hiroaki
Published: June 2024

The intestinal absorption of essential nutrients, especially those not readily biosynthesized, is a critical physiological process for maintaining homeostasis. Numerous studies have indicated that intestinal absorption is mediated by various membrane transporters. Citrate, a crucial bioactive compound produced as an intermediate in the Krebs cycle, is absorbed in the small intestine through carrier-mediated systems because of its high hydrophilicity. While the luminal absorption of citrate is mediated by Na
+
-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1), the mechanism governing the release of the transported citrate into the bloodstream remains unknown. Here, we explored the transporters responsible for intestinal citrate absorption at the basolateral membrane, focusing on highly expressed orphan transporters in the small intestine as candidates. Consequently, SLC35G1, originally identified as a partner of stromal interaction molecule 1, a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, was found to play a role in the intestinal absorption of citrate at the basolateral membrane. Furthermore, our results revealed that SLC35G1-mediated citrate transport was diminished by chloride ions at extracellular concentrations. This suggests that SLC35G1, to our best knowledge, is the first transporter identified to be extremely sensitive to chloride ions among those functioning on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. This study provides valuable insights into the intestinal absorption of citrate and significantly contributes to elucidating the poorly understood molecular basis of the intestinal absorption system.
Staying the Course
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

This chapter explains how President George W. Bush turned the Iraq War into a political asset amidst the 2004 election. It looks into firsthand accounts from Bush's and John Kerry's campaign advisers that explain how each team developed its strategy for debating the Iraq War. Data from the National Annenberg Election Study (NAES) provides insights into the role that personal images and policy issues played in shaping voters' attitudes toward Bush and Kerry. The chapter explains how Kerry's complex positioning on the Iraq War made him uniquely susceptible to charges of being indecisive. It argues that the politics of the Iraq War during the 2004 presidential election provide another example of how issue–image trade-offs favor foreign policy hawks.
The Proto-Minjian Avant-Garde
Authors: Tan Chang
Published: June 2024

This chapter starts with proto-minjian avant-gardes Mao Xuhui and Huang Yong Ping to track how the radical changes of the public psyche in the 1980s became the substance of their artistic practices. It argues that the post-Mao minjian transformed both the subjectivities and methods of Mao and Huang as they mourn or embrace such transformation in their works. Mao's and Huang's art practices illustrate, respectively, the object-oriented and participation-oriented aspects of the minjian avant-garde. While Mao's collages assemble ready-made imageries that correspond to fragmented subjectivities, Huang's attempts to display and enact art outside of museums tested the public's tolerance of the avant-garde. The chapter highlights how both artists instigated the concept of art exhibitions and shown that the wall between “fine art” and minjian visual culture could be torn down easily.
Art on the March
Authors: Tan Chang
Published: June 2024

This chapter discusses Qiu Zhijie's desire to resituate the individual within the multitude, which was carried forth in The Long March: A Walking Visual Display (2002). The Long March mobilized more than a hundred artists to travel to some of the most impoverished and remote regions of China, putting minjian on the map of contemporary art. The chapter looks at the images and objects the artists discovered, documented, created, and displayed en route that allowed them to craft a rich, radical, and authentic identity in the global art world. Like many others who walked the route of the Communist Party's historical Long March, the artists felt transformed by their experiences in the real minjian. The chapter explores how the artists' irreverent reimagining of the iconic sites exposed the fallacy of a memory industry centered on the monuments of revolution and questioned a nationalist myth the artists celebrated.
Peasant-Farmer Movements, Third World Peoples, and the Seattle Protests against the World Trade Organization, 1999
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This chapter details the events of November 30, 1999 (N30) and the participation of peasants and farmers in the protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO). Many N30 participants, and peasants and farmers in particular, came to Seattle not only to march in the streets but to network and attend political education forums. These less visible and dramatic aspects of the Seattle events deserve attention, if only because they contributed to building an ongoing movement and to convincing developing-country WTO delegates to resist the unfettered free-trade agenda of the more powerful developed-country governments. Street heat, like the less dramatic forums and assemblies, also played a role in the collapse of the WTO negotiating round. Most fundamentally, however, the significance of N30 has less to do with the proportion of demonstrators who came from the Global South (or of those “of color”) than with the impact that the Seattle events had on those who did come, on developing-country WTO delegates, and on other sympathizers who stayed home but nonetheless followed the situation closely.
How the United Nations Recognized the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas
Authors: Edelman Marc
Published: June 2024

This chapter outlines the process that led to the adoption in December 2018 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP). The UNDROP contains a lengthy preamble and twenty-eight articles and is available in six official UN languages. The chapter analyzes the rights enshrined in this new legal instrument, the arguments and the forces for and against it, and national-level efforts to implement its provisions before and after it received approval from the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly. It also proposes a novel framework for understanding new human rights norms. Rather than viewing this through the lens of “vernacularization,” which emphasizes local interpretations and implementation of international norms, the chapter suggests that drafting new global human rights standards more closely resembles “vernacularization-in-reverse.” This downside-up process involves rights holders from diverse world regions who arrive at common understandings, build alliances, and collaborate in authoring international norms that apply to them.
CyberEduPlatform: an educational tool to improve cybersecurity through anomaly detection with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ortiz-Garcés Iván , Govea Jaime , Sánchez-Viteri Santiago , Villegas-Ch. William
Published: June 2024

Cybersecurity has become a central concern in the contemporary digital era due to the exponential increase in cyber threats. These threats, ranging from simple malware to advanced persistent attacks, put individuals and organizations at risk. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence to detect anomalies in network traffic in a university environment. The effectiveness of automatic detection of unconventional activities was evaluated through extensive simulations and advanced artificial intelligence models. In addition, the importance of cybersecurity awareness and education is highlighted, introducing CyberEduPlatform, a tool designed to improve users’ cyber awareness. The results indicate that, while AI models show high precision in detecting anomalies, complementary education and awareness play a crucial role in fortifying the first lines of defense against cyber threats. This research highlights the need for an integrated approach to cybersecurity, combining advanced technological solutions with robust educational strategies.
Protótipo de sistema industrial para monitoramento de parâmetros elétricos da qualidade de fornecimento de energia elétrica
Authors: Rocha Gabriel Silva , Cardoso Fábio de Sousa , Santos Beatriz Correia , Printes André Luiz , Torné Israel Gondres , Cisneros Edry Antonio Garcia , Pacheco Joésia Moreira Julião
Published: June 2024

A qualidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica se baseia na continuidade do serviço, abordando interrupções causadas por dispositivos de proteção, defeitos na rede ou atividades de manutenção (KAGAN; ROBBA; SCHMIDT, 2009). Segundo Faias e Esteves (2013) são considerados três aspectos principais: continuidade do fornecimento, qualidade da tensão e qualidade comercial. Isso visa atender às expectativas dos clientes e garantir níveis mínimos de qualidade de serviço. O monitoramento da rede elétrica é essencial para analisar interrupções e avaliar a continuidade do fornecimento de energia. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de sistema industrial para monitoramento de parâmetros elétricos e da qualidade de fornecimento de energia elétrica. O sistema deve adquirir os parâmetros elétricos, processar esses dados e enviá-los para armazenamento, permitindo a geração de gráficos com os parâmetros coletados. Neste trabalho também são detalhadas as etapas necessárias para criação dos protótipos de hardware e firmware, bem como o script para armazenar os dados coletados. Como resultado dos testes de validação realizados durante a implementação, serão exibidos gráficos gerados a partir das medições coletadas, os quais serão comparados com as medições obtidas de um medidor comercial. Por fim, os dados obtidos mostram que o protótipo de sistema desenvolvido é capaz de monitorar os parâmetros elétricos e a qualidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica, quando comparado a um analisador de energia comercial.
All Interpretation is Contextual Interpretation – in the Past and Today: Towards an Analogical Hermeneutic
Authors: Jonker Louis
Published: June 2024

The debate about “context” in Hebrew Bible / Old Testament scholarship often centres around the question: “Which context: ancient or contemporary?” Depending on whether the scholar answering the question comes from a Western educational background or from a global southern (including African) background, the question might – with some exception – be answered differently. Because of their training in historical models of understanding, Western-minded scholars will often emphasise that the context(s) within which the texts were produced is (are) our primary focus in biblical interpretation. Scholars from the Global South who are often exposed to all kinds of life interests of Bible readers, would mostly give primacy to the contemporary contexts of appropriation. Who is right? In this contribution I want to argue that it is not a matter of “either …. or” but rather “both …. and”, and that the dynamic of re-interpretation should also be brought into our discussions on this matter. Keywords: Analogical hermeneutics, Ancient Contexts, Contemporary context, Interpretation
Differences in Nutritional Intake and Consumption of Iron Tablets on the Incidence of Anemia in Adolescent Girls in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: E. Pascoal Meildy , T. Harikedua Vera , C. Kereh Gabriela , Tomastola Yohanis , N. Ranti Irza , S. Kereh Phembriah , M. Otoluwa Fitri , B Montol Ana
Published: June 2024

Backgrounds: Iron nutritional anemia is anemia that arises due to empty iron reserves in the body so that the formation of hemoglobin is disrupted. Hemoglobin is part of red blood cells used to determine anemia status. Decreased iron intake can reduce hemoglobin levels in the body.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine food intake and consumption of blood supplement tablets (Iron) on the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Urban and Rural areas.
Study Design: This type of research is Experimental Research using Quasi Experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 3 Manado and SMP Kristen Koha after obtaining approval from the ethics commission in August – September 2023
Methods: The population in this study were adolescent girls in SMP Negeri 3 Manado and SMP Kristen Koha. The sample in this study was obtained from the Estimating the difference between two population proportions with absolute precision formula totaling 88 students divided into 44 adolescent girls in urban areas and 44 adolescent girls in rural areas.
Results: This study indicates that there is a difference in the average hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls in State Junior High School 3 Manado and Kristen Koha with a value of p<0.005, there is a difference in the average food intake (energy) of adolescent girls State Junior High School 3 Manado and Kristen Koha with a value of p<0.005, there is a difference in the average consumption of Iron tablets of adolescent girls in State Junior High School 3 Manado and Kristen Koha with a value of p<0.005.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the average hemoglobin levels of urban and rural adolescent girls with p<0.005, there is a difference in the average food intake (energy) of urban and rural adolescent girls p<0.001, and there is a difference in the average consumption of Iron tablets of urban and rural adolescent girls with p<0.004.
Temporal Variations in Density and Distribution of Neutrophils with Associated Morphological Changes in Uterus at All Stages of Estrus Cycle in Mice
Authors: Selvan P. Senthamil , Rajalakshmi K. , Uma S. , Lakkawar Avinash W , Ushakumary S
Published: June 2024

Uterus is an important reproductive organ that undergoes proliferative, degenerative, repair and regenerative changes in its histological tunics during different stages of estrous cycle. These changes are temporal and are tightly regulated by the ovarian hormones. Derangements in remodeling is the reason for pathological conditions such as endometritis, endometriosis etc., The objective of the present study is to  report on the % relative endometrial surface area, neutrophil density and their distribution in uterus at all stages of estrus cycle in normal mice to help understand the pathologies in unterine remodeling by abnormal neutrophil recruitment. All these temporo-spatial events are detected using Histomorphological, micro-morphometrical and immunohistochemical techniques. Our studies revealed that histomorphological variations were more pronounced in endometrium than other tunics. Histomorphometric studies found that the % relative endometrial surface area was maximum during late proestrus and early estrus. It reduced to its minimum levels in the middle of metestrus and was immediately restored within 6hrs. Histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed that neutrophils were present during all stages of the estrus cycle. Their influx and density was maximum at early metestrus and was minimum at late metestrus. Their density were moderate and static thereafter until early proestrus. These findings suggested that the rate of infiltration of neutrophils in to uterus is a controlled and stage specific process. Their complex role of inflammation, phagocytosis and endometrial repair in remodeling the uterus may be dependent on the uterine microenvironment at a given time point.
Problembereiche der Dotation ausländischer Familienstiftungen – illustriert anhand von Fallstudien
Authors: Kraft Gerhard
Published: June 2024

In der Besteuerungswirklichkeit nehmen Familienstiftungen, insbesondere ausländische Familienstiftungen, zunehmend eine derart prominente Rolle ein, dass im Schrifttum wiederholt der Terminus des „Stiftungs-Boom“ bemüht wird. Untersuchungen zur steuerlichen Behandlung von ausländischen Familienstiftungen fokussieren sich häufig auf Aspekte der laufenden Besteuerung. Die steuerliche Behandlung des Errichtungsvorgangs bzw. der Gründung der ausländischen Familienstiftung, also die eigentliche Dotation, nimmt demgegenüber im Hinblick auf die literarische Durchdringung eher untergeordnete Bedeutung ein. Da die Finanzverwaltung kürzlich ihre Perspektiven zum Regelungsbereich ausländischer Familienstiftungen im aktualisierten Schreiben betreffend Grundsätze zur Anwendung des Außensteuergesetzes mit Datum v. 22.12.2023 (BStBl. I 2023 Sondernummer 1/2023, 2 - nachfolgend als AEAStG 2023 in Bezug genommen) publiziert hat, dabei aber Gesichtspunkte der Stiftungsgründung ausgespart hat, versteht sich die nachfolgenden Analyse als Beitrag zur Thematik der steuerlichen Behandlung des eigentlichen Stiftungsgeschäfts.
Keine Probezeit bei Entgeltumwandlung? – In Erwartung der Revisionsentscheidung des BFH in der Sache I R 50/22
Authors: Linden Ralf
Published: June 2024

Der Verfasser arbeitet die wesentlichen Argumente für eine Revisionsentscheidung des I. Senats des BFH in den vom FG Düsseldorf v. 16.11.2021 - 6 K 2196/17 K,G,F, EFG 2022, 127 Nr. 2 entschiedenen Fragen heraus. Dort geht es im Wesentlichen um die Frage, ob die für ein gesellschaftsrechtliche Veranlassung mitentscheidende Indizwirkung einer fehlenden Erprobung der Qualifikation des Gesellschafter-Geschäftsführers und der Leistungsfähigkeit der GmbH unmittelbar nach Gründung der Kapitalgesellschaft entfällt, wenn eine Pensionszusage durch Entgeltumwandlung finanziert wird. Der Verf. meint, dass es weder auf die Erdienbarkeit noch auf eine Probezeit ankommt.
Noncovalent Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Powerful Tools for Contiguous Quaternary‐Tertiary Stereogenic Carbon Formation, Scope, and Origin of Enantioselectivity
Authors: Nugent Thomas C. , Sadiq Abdul , Bibi Ahtaram , Heine Thomas , Zeonjuk Lei Liu , Vankova Nina , Bassil Bassem S.
Published: February 2012

Relying on the assembly of commercially available catalyst building blocks, highly stereocontrolled quaternary carbon (all carbon substituted) formation has been achieved with unmatched substrate diversity. For example, the in situ assembly of a tricomponent catalyst system allows α‐branched aldehyde addition to nitroalkene or maleimide electrophiles (Michael products), while addition to an α‐iminoester affords Mannich reaction products. Very good yields are observed and for fifteen of the eighteen examples 96–99 % ee is observed. Using racemic α‐branched aldehydes, two contiguous (quaternary–tertiary) stereogenic centers can be formed in high diastereo‐ and enantiomeric excess (eight examples) via an efficient in situ dynamic kinetic resolution, solving a known shortcoming for maleimide electrophiles in particular. The method is of practical value, requiring only 1.2 equiv of the aldehyde, a 5.0 mol % loading of each catalyst component, for example, O‐tBu‐L‐threonine (O‐tBu‐L‐Thr), sulfamide, DMAP or O‐tBu‐L‐Thr, KOH, and room temperature reactions. As a highlight, the first demonstration of ethylisovaleraldehyde (7) addition is disclosed, providing the most congested quaternary stereogenic carbon containing succinimide product (8) known to date. Finally, mechanistic insight, via DFT calculations, support a noncovalent assembly of the catalyst components into a bifunctional catalyst, correctly predict two levels of product stereoselectivity, and suggest the origin of the tricomponent catalyst system’s exceptionality: an alternative hydrogen bond motif for the donor‐acceptor pair than currently suggested for non‐assembled catalysts.
Micromechanical Properties of Wheat Grains
Authors: Omarov Azamat , Aman Sergej , Müller Peter , Tomas Jürgen
Published: February 2012

Es werden Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen des Deformations‐ und Bruchverhaltens von Weizenkörnern bei Druckbeanspruchung vorgestellt. Die Kraft‐Weg‐Kurven wurden bei einer Beanspruchungsgeschwindigkeit von 0,02 mm s–1 ermittelt. Die elliptisch geformten Weizenkörner zeigen quasielastisches und elastisch‐plastisches Deformationsverhalten, das von den äußeren Kräften abhängig ist. Das Kontaktmodell für sphärische Partikel wurde für elliptische Weizenkörner angepasst. Die Verteilungen der Bruchkraft, Bruchfestigkeit, Bruchenergie und des Bruchwegs wurden mit der Normalverteilung beschrieben.
Proportioning of Sulfur Trioxide and Generation of a Test Aerosol with a Microstructured Reactor
Authors: Brachert Leonie , Riede Robert , Pfeifer Peter , Schaber Karlheinz
Published: February 2012

Die Verwendung eines Mikrostrukturreaktors zur Oxidation von Schwefeldioxid zu Schwefeltrioxid als Dosiereinheit für SO3 bzw. Schwefelsäure zur Erzeugung eines Modellschadgases wird beschrieben. Bei der Absorption des Schadgases in Wasser kommt es zur Aerosolbildung. Die Anzahldichte des Aerosols lässt sich gut reproduzierbar durch Variation des SO2‐Massenstroms einstellen. Diese wird mithilfe eines Kondensationskernzählers gemessen. Somit bietet die vorgestellte Methode die Möglichkeit H2SO4‐Testaerosole zu erzeugen, wie sie beispielsweise zur Prüfung von Aerosolabscheidesystemen benötigt werden.
Hepatic resection versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus
Authors: Peng Zhen‐Wei , Guo Rong‐Ping , Zhang Yao‐Jun , Lin Xiao‐Jun , Chen Min‐Shan , Lau Wan Y.
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND:

The long‐term survival outcomes of hepatic resection (HR) compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) are unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Between December 2002 and December 2007, 201 consecutive patients diagnosed with resectable HCC with PVTT received HR as an initial treatment in our center. These patients were compared with 402 case‐matched controls selected from a pool of 1798 patients (with a 1:2 ratio) who received TACE as an initial treatment during the study period. PVTT was classified to 4 types: PVTT involving the segmental branches of the portal vein or above (type I), PVTT extending to involve the right/left portal vein (type II), the main portal vein (type III), or the superior mesenteric vein (type IV).

RESULTS:

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals for the HR and TACE groups were 42.0%, 14.1%, and 11.1% and 37.8%, 7.3%, and 0.5%, respectively (P < .001). On subgroup analyses, the overall survivals for the HR group were better than the TACE group for type I PVTT, type II PVTT, single tumor, and tumor size >5 cm (P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, P < .001, respectively), but not for type III PVTT, type IV PVTT, multiple tumors, and tumor size <5 cm (P = .541, P = .371, P = .264, P = .338, P = .125, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the type of PVTT and initial treatment allocation were significant prognostic factors for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with TACE, HR provided survival benefits for patients with resectable HCC with PVTT, especially for those with a type I PVTT or a type II PVTT. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Optimizing resource allocation for breast cancer prevention and care among Hong Kong Chinese women
Authors: Wong Irene O. L. , Tsang Janice W. H. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Leung Gabriel M.
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND:

Recommendations about funding of interventions through the full spectrum of the disease often have been made in isolation. The authors of this report optimized budgetary allocations by comparing cost‐effectiveness data for different preventive and management strategies throughout the disease course for breast cancer in Hong Kong (HK) Chinese women.

METHODS:

Nesting a state‐transition Markov model within a generalized cost‐effectiveness analytic framework, costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were compared to estimate average cost‐effectiveness ratios for the following interventions at the population level: biennial mass mammography (ages 40‐69 years or ages 40–79 years), reduced waiting time for postoperative radiotherapy (by 15% or by 25%), adjuvant endocrine therapy (either upfront aromatase inhibitor [AI] therapy or sequentially with tamoxifen followed by AI) in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor‐positive disease, targeted immunotherapy in those with tumors that over express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and enhanced palliative services (either at home or as an inpatient). Usual care for eligible patients in the public sector was the comparator.

RESULTS:

In descending order, the optimal allocation of additional resources for breast cancer would be the following: a 25% reduction in waiting time for postoperative radiotherapy (in US dollars: $5000 per QALY); enhanced, home‐based palliative care ($7105 per QALY); adjuvant, sequential endocrine therapy ($17,963 per QALY); targeted immunotherapy ($62,092 per QALY); and mass mammography screening of women ages 40 to 69 years ($72,576 per QALY).

CONCLUSIONS:

Given the lower disease risk and different age profiles of patients in HK Chinese, among other newly emergent and emerging economies with similar transitioning epidemiologic profiles, the current findings provided direct evidence to support policy decisions that may be dissimilar to current Western practice. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Silencing of a novel tumor metastasis suppressor gene LASS2/TMSG1 promotes invasion of prostate cancer cell in vitro through increase of vacuolar ATPase activity
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , You Jiangfeng , Pei Fei
Published: February 2012

Homo sapiens longevity assurance homologue 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2), also known as tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 (TMSG1), is a newly found tumor metastasis suppressor gene in 1999. Preliminary studies showed that it not only suppressed tumor growth but also closely related to tumor metastasis, however, its molecular mechanisms is still unclear. There have been reported that protein encoded by LASS2/TMSG‐1 could directly interact with the C subunit of Vacuolar ATPase (V‐ATPase), which suggested that LASS2/TMSG1 might inhibit the invasion and metastasis through regulating the function of V‐ATPase. Thus, in this study, we explored the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting LASS2/TMSG1 on the invasion of human prostate carcinoma cell line PC‐3M‐2B4 and its molecular mechanisms associated with the V‐ATPase. Real‐time fluorogentic quantitative PCR (RFQ‐PCR) and Western blot revealed dramatic reduction of 84.5% and 60% in the levels of LASS2/TMSG1 mRNA and protein after transfection of siRNA in PC‐3M‐2B4 cells. The V‐ATPase activity and extracellular hydrogen ion concentration were significantly increased in 2B4 cells transfected with the LASS2/TMSG1‐siRNA compared with the controls. The activity of secreted MMP‐2 was up‐regulated in LASS2/TMSG1‐siRNA treated cells compared with the controls; and the capacity for migration and invasion in LASS2/TMSG1‐siRNA treated cells was significantly higher than the controls. Thus, we concluded that silencing of LASS2/TMSG1 may promote invasion of prostate cancer cell in vitro through increase of V‐ATPase activity and extracellular hydrogen ion concentration and in turn the activation of secreted MMP‐2. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2356–2363, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gaining momentum in the long, uphill battle to “get to zero”
Authors: Hilliard Mary Anne
Published: February 2012

I am truly privileged to be addressing you for the first time in the Journal of Healthcare Risk Management. I'm looking forward to getting to know you and working with you. I want to learn more about all the great ways that each of you has been making a difference in keeping our patients safe and building trust in our healthcare systems. As you know, the ASHRM Board is completely committed to finding solutions through the empowerment of our members. We believe in you. In that spirit, we are coming up with new ways to fund research and make critical connections that will fuel ideas.
Ternary Diagrams of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropene] in Propylene Carbonate and Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Akkoyun Meral , Carrot Christian , Blottière Benoît
Published: February 2012

Experiments on the thermoreversible gelation of a ternary system composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropene] (P(VDF‐co‐HFP)) in propylene carbonate (PC) or DMSO solutions are carried out and the resulting ternary diagrams are plotted for various systems. The results show that the gelation occurs at relatively low concentrations. The miscibility area of the ternary diagram is larger with DMSO than with PC. In addition, the concentration at the gelation point increases with increasing temperature. The gelation line is almost independent of the molecular structure of PVDF in PC but varies in DMSO. This variation of the miscibility is essentially connected to the carboxylic functions on the PVDF chain.
Crystal structure of agkisacucetin, a Gpib‐binding snake C‐type lectin that inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation
Authors: Gao Yongxiang , Ge Honghua , Chen Hongkai , Li Heng , Liu Yiwei , Chen Lan , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Jing , Niu Liwen , Teng Maikun
Published: February 2012

Agkisacucetin is a snake C‐type lectin isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus (A. acutus). It binds specifically to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and prevents the von Willebrand factor (VWF) accessing it. We determined the crystal structure of agkisacucetin to 1.9Å resolution. The structure of agkisacucetin has an (αβ) fold similar to another GPIb‐binding protein, flavocetin‐A, but lacks the C‐terminal cysteine in the β‐subunit, does not form (βα)4 tetramers, and does not cluster GPIbs, like flavocetin‐A. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Based on Mixed Ligands: Synthesis and Structures
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Xin , Yao Yuan‐Gen
Published: February 2012

Two new AgI compounds, [Ag(MA)(FA)0.5]n (1) and [Ag(MA)(PES)]n·n(MA)·n(H2O) (2), were prepared by slow solvent evaporation methods from mixtures of MA and AgNO3 in the presence of FA or PES co‐ligand [MA = melamine, FA = fumaric acetate and PES = 2‐(4‐pyridyl)ethanesulfonate]. Single crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that 1 features a two‐dimensional undulated layer framework that is further assembled into a three‐dimensional interdigitated framework directed by hydrogen bonds. Compound 2 features a zero‐dimensional dinuclear structure linked by weak Ag···O interactions, which is further extended into a complicated three‐dimensional supramolecular framework constructed by hydrogen bonds.
Killed Brownian motion and the Brunn–Minkowski inequalities
Authors: LE HUILING
Published: February 2012

We construct triplets of killed Brownian motions to obtain the Brunn–Minkowski inequalities concerning the solutions of the equation (1/2)Δψ − h ψ = g on three interrelated compact sets in Euclidean space. These, in particular, include inequalities relating to the solutions of the Schrödinger equation and the Poisson equation on the three compact convex sets and an inequality relating to harmonic functions.