bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allele Frequencies of Genetic Variants Associated with Varroa Drone Brood Resistance (DBR) in Apis mellifera Subspecies across the European Continent
Authors: Lefebre Regis , De Smet Lina , Tehel Anja , Paxton Robert J. , Bossuyt Emma , Verbeke Wim , van Dooremalen Coby , Ulgezen Zeynep N. , van den Bosch Trudy , Schaafsma Famke , Valkenburg Dirk-Jan , Dall’Olio Raffaele , Alaux Cedric , Dezmirean Daniel S. , Giurgiu Alexandru I. , Capela Nuno , Simões Sandra , Sousa José Paulo , Bencsik Martin , McVeigh Adam , Ramsey Michael Thomas , Ahmad Sausan , Kumar Tarun , Schäfer Marc O. , Beaurepaire Alexis L. , Moro Arrigo , Flener Claude J. , Matthijs Severine , de Graaf Dirk C.
Published: June 2024

Implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in modern beekeeping would improve sustainability, especially in breeding programs aiming for resilience against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. Selecting honey bee colonies for natural resistance traits, such as brood-intrinsic suppression of varroa mite reproduction, reduces the use of chemical acaricides while respecting local adaptation. In 2019, eight genomic variants associated with varroa non-reproduction in drone brood were discovered in a single colony from the Amsterdam Water Dune population in the Netherlands. Recently, a new study tested the applicability of these eight genetic variants for the same phenotype on a population-wide scale in Flanders, Belgium. As the properties of some variants varied between the two studies, one hypothesized that the difference in genetic ancestry of the sampled colonies may underly these contribution shifts. In order to frame this, we determined the allele frequencies of the eight genetic variants in more than 360 Apis mellifera colonies across the European continent and found that variant type allele frequencies of these variants are primarily related to the A. mellifera subspecies or phylogenetic honey bee lineage. Our results confirm that population-specific genetic markers should always be evaluated in a new population prior to using them in MAS programs.
Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Environmental Conditions on the Development and Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Matuska-Łyżwa Joanna , Duda Sandra , Nowak Dominika , Kaca Wiesław
Published: June 2024

Many organisms, including beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), are commonly found in the soil environment. EPNs are used as biopesticides for pest control. They have many positive characteristics and are able to survive at sites of application for a long time, producing new generations of individuals. The occurrence of populations depends on many environmental parameters, such as temperature, moisture, soil texture, and pH. Extreme temperatures result in a decrease in the survival rate and infectivity of EPNs. Both high humidity and acidic soil pH reduce populations and disrupt the biological activity of EPNs. Nematodes are also exposed to anthropogenic agents, such as heavy metals, oil, gasoline, and even essential oils. These limit their ability to move in the soil, thereby reducing their chances of successfully finding a host. Commonly used fertilizers and chemical pesticides are also a challenge. They reduce the pathogenicity of EPNs and negatively affect their reproduction, which reduces the population size. Biotic factors also influence nematode biology. Fungi and competition limit the reproduction and survival of EPNs in the soil. Host availability enables survival and affects infectivity. Knowledge of the influence of environmental factors on the biology of EPNs will allow more effective use of the insecticidal capacity of these organisms.
The Relationships between the Population Density of Fir Bark Beetles and Niche Breadth
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej
Published: June 2024

Bark beetles are a significant link in the chain of diseases that lead to the accelerated dying of firs (Abies alba Mill.), a key species in the cultivation of stable mixed-tree stands. The aim of this work was to evaluate biotic interactions in populations of bark beetles that colonised natural traps made from firs. The tested hypothesis was that the niche breadth of the species increases with the increasing density of the population. The research was carried out in near-natural forests containing fir, growing in the Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park in central Poland. Data were collected from 30 traps trees and 30 windfalls in the years 2010–2023. Cryphalus piceae Ratz. prefers heavily weakened trees, as shown by the fact that it colonised all of the natural traps, which lack any defensive reactions. The sampling method used in the study proved effective, as confirmed by the segregation of the niches of all of the bark beetles. Using nonlinear regression (linearisable model and piecewise linear regression), models were constructed that describe the niche breadths of the bark beetles. The niche parameter is correlated with the density of colonisation. The derived models explain around 77–84% of the variation in the niche breadth of bark beetles on natural traps. The mean relative errors of estimation do not exceed 20%. The niche breadth parameter obtained from the derived regression equations may be used in models that describe—for example—the impact of observed climate change on the population dynamics of bark beetles.
Innovative Bioactive Ca-SZ Coating on Titanium Dental Implants: A Multidimensional Structural and Elemental Analysis
Authors: Tchinda Alex , Didelot Aurélien , Choquet Patrick , Lerebours Augustin , Kouitat-Njiwa Richard , Bravetti Pierre
Published: June 2024

The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel approach to improving dental implants. Although endosseous TA6V alloy dental implants are widely used in oral implantology, this material presents significant challenges, notably the prevalence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, in this study, we investigate a new advance in the design of hybrid medical devices. This involves the design of a Ca-SZ coating deposited by PVD on a TA6V substrate. This approach aims to overcome the inherent limitations of each of these materials, namely TA6V’s susceptibility to peri-implantitis on the one hand and zirconia’s excessively high Young’s modulus compared with bone on the other, while benefiting from their respective advantages, such as the ductility of TA6V and the excellent biocompatibility of zirconia, offering relevant prospects for the design of high-performance implantable medical devices. This study integrates characterisation techniques, focusing on the structural and elemental analysis of the Ca-SZ coating by XRD and TEM. The results suggest that this coating combines a tetragonal structure, a uniform morphology with no apparent defects, a clean interface highlighting good adhesion, and a homogeneous composition of calcium, predisposing it to optimal biocompatibility. All of these findings make this innovative coating a particularly suitable candidate for application in dental implantology.
An Investigative Study on the Oral Health Condition of Individuals Undergoing 3D-Printed Customized Dental Implantation
Authors: Ma Hongyang , Kou Yuqian , Hu Hongcheng , Wu Yuwei , Tang Zhihui
Published: June 2024

Background: The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized the field of dentistry, enabling the precise fabrication of dental implants. By utilizing 3D printing, dentists can devise implant plans prior to surgery and accurately translate them into clinical procedures, thereby eliminating the need for multiple surgical procedures, reducing surgical discomfort, and enhancing surgical efficiency. Furthermore, the utilization of digital 3D-printed implant guides facilitates immediate restoration by precisely translating preoperative implant design plans, enabling the preparation of temporary restorations preoperatively. Methods: This comprehensive study aimed to assess the postoperative oral health status of patients receiving personalized 3D-printed implants and investigate the advantages and disadvantages between the 3D-printed implant and conventional protocol. Additionally, variance analysis was employed to delve into the correlation between periodontal status and overall oral health. Comparisons of continuous paired parameters were made by t-test. Results: The results of our study indicate a commendable one-year survival rate of over 94% for 3D-printed implants. This finding was corroborated by periodontal examinations and follow-up surveys using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, revealing excellent postoperative oral health status among patients. Notably, OHIP-14 scores were significantly higher in patients with suboptimal periodontal health, suggesting a strong link between periodontal health and overall oral well-being. Moreover, we found that the operating time (14.41 ± 4.64 min) was less statistically significant than for the control group (31.76 ± 6.83 min). Conclusion: In conclusion, personalized 3D-printed implant surgery has emerged as a reliable clinical option, offering a viable alternative to traditional implant methods. However, it is imperative to gather further evidence-based medical support through extended follow-up studies to validate its long-term efficacy and safety.
Lipid Characterization of Beach-Cast Seaweeds from Gran Canaria Island: Potential Use in Human and Animal Nutrition
Authors: Galindo Ana , García Coraima del Mar , Pérez José Antonio , Abdul-Jalbar Beatriz , Venuleo Marianna , Acosta Nieves Guadalupe , Marrero Manuel , Rodríguez Covadonga
Published: June 2024

Macroalgal wracks can be considered unpleasant for beach users and, consequently, they are usually collected from most touristic beaches and discarded. However, seaweeds are an important source of bioactive lipid compounds, such as phospholipids, glycolipids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), displaying multiple health-promoting properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study is to characterize the lipid composition of twelve marine seaweed species (two green, six red, and four brown species) from macroalgal wracks of Gran Canaria Island, and to evaluate their potential use for several purposes, including human and animal nutrition. Lipid content, lipid classes, and fatty acid profiles of isolated specimens from the macroalgal wracks were determined. Lipid contents ranged between 0.27 and 3.17% of dry weight, with all species showing high phytosterols proportions and balanced omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratios. In addition, Cymopolia barbata, Asparagopsis sp., and Hypnea spinella seem to be an attractive source of both mono- and di-galactosyl-diacylglycerols, while A. stellata, Jania sp., and Lobophora sp. are relatively rich in n-3 LC−PUFA. Finally, both green algae showed the most favorable values for the nutritional indicators of cardiovascular health promotion. Overall, the macroalgal species analyzed could be considered as interesting sources for human and animal nutrition.
The Influence of Beachrock Outcrop on Spatial Variability in Beach Morphology
Authors: Xu Junhui , Wang Yanhong , Lu Peidong
Published: June 2024

Beachrock is a type of coastal carbonate sedimentary rock developed in the sandy beach intertidal zone, widely distributed along the beach front, and the loss of beach sediment is the main cause of beachrock exposure. Based on the analysis of measured data of different exposure forms of beachrocks in profiles, this paper analyzes the main features and influences of non-dynamic factors, such as the exposure position and morphology, of beachrocks on the dynamic geomorphic processes of beaches. Studies have shown that (1) changes between beach energy dissipation bodies are significant features of coastal geomorphic processes under the influence of beachrocks. The first spatial mode of EOF analysis shows that the erosion position of beach-rock-exposed profiles is mainly concentrated in the protected and real sections of beachrock, and the first temporal mode indicates that the exposure of beachrock results in a lagged response of its profile to dynamic environmental changes. (2) The differences in the exposure forms of beachrocks determine the sand-holding space of the beach, and the differences in the lateral exposure positions of beachrocks determine the main areas where erosion occurs on the profile. Meanwhile, the geomorphic processes of their profiles show different degrees of feedback, and such geomorphic phenomena can serve as reference indicators for the stage-wise evolution process influenced by beachrocks.
Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Paths for Ships in the Yangtze River: The Perspective of Alternative Fuels
Authors: Zhou Chunhui , Tang Wuao , Ding Yiran , Huang Hongxun , Xu Honglei
Published: June 2024

In recent years, carbon emission reduction in the shipping sector has increasingly garnered scholarly attention. This study delves into the pathways for carbon emission reduction in shipping across the Yangtze River, emphasizing fuel alternatives. It initiates by introducing a novel ship carbon emission calculation methodology predicated on voyage data, followed by the development of a predictive model for ship carbon emissions tailored to specific voyages. Then, emission reduction scenarios for various voyage categories are designed and exemplary alternative fuels selected to assess their potential for emission mitigation. Subsequently, scenario analysis is employed to scrutinize the CO2 emission trajectories under diverse conditions, pinpointing the most efficacious route for carbon emission abatement for inland vessels. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results indicate that accelerating the adoption of alternative fuels for long-distance cargo ships would greatly accelerate the development of environmentally friendly shipping. Under a scenario prioritizing zero-carbon growth, emissions from inland vessels are anticipated to reach their zenith by 2040. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for emission reductions in inland shipping and effectively promote the green and sustainable development of the shipping sector.
Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. and Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov.: Two New Oomycete Species from Rice Paddies in Iran
Authors: Salmaninezhad Fatemeh , Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa Reza , Cacciola Santa Olga
Published: June 2024

An investigation into oomycete diversity in rice paddies of Fars Province in Iran led to the identification of two new Pythium sensu lato (s.l.) species as Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov. and Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. The identification was based on morphological and physiological features as well as on the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS and βtub) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cox2) loci using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. The present paper formally describes these two new species and defines their phylogenetic relationships with other congeneric species. According to multiple gene genealogy analysis, G. izadpanahii sp. nov. was grouped with other species of Globisporangium (formerly, clade G of Pythium s.l.) and was closely related to both G. nagaii and the recently described G. coniferarum. The second species, designated P. banihashemianum sp. nov., was grouped with other species of Pythium sensu stricto (formerly, clade B of Pythium s.l.) and, according to the phylogenetic analysis, shared an ancestor with P. plurisporium. The production of globose hyphal swellings was a major characteristic of G. izadpanahii sp. nov., which did not produce vesicles and zoospores. In pathogenicity tests on rice seedlings, P. banihashemianum sp. nov. isolates were highly pathogenic and caused severe root and crown rot, while G. izadpanahii sp. nov. isolates were not pathogenic.
Neurophysiological and Ultrasound Correlations in Guillain Barré Syndrome and CIDP—Case Series
Authors: Pigońska Justyna , Paweł Walkowiak , Banach Marta
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are inflammatory polyneuropathies with an autoimmune etiology. These diseases differ mainly in the timing of their course but also in certain clinical differences. Electroneurography and electromyography are crucial for fulfilling the primary (for CIDP) and secondary (for GBS) diagnostic criteria. High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is recognized as a complementary method in the diagnosis of CIDP and GBS. Aim: The aim of this study was to present the neurophysiological and ultrasound findings of patients with clinically diagnosed inflammatory neuropathies (GBS and CIDP). Material and Methods: We collected data from clinically confirmed patients with GBS (3 persons) and CIDP (6 persons). The neurography and high-resolution ultrasound examinations according to the UPSS scale were performed. Results: The neurography tests of GBS and CIDP patients showed mainly demyelinating lesions of the examined nerves, often with abnormal F-wave recordings. Examination using HRUS in GBS patients showed mild and regional nerve swelling with hypoechoic bundles with a predilection for proximal segments and cervical spinal nerve roots. In contrast, CIDP patients had diffused nerve swelling with hypoechoic bundles of greater severity and extent than those with GBS. Conclusion: Neurophysiological tests and HRUS of peripheral nerves, plexi, and roots performed together can be very valuable, complementary diagnostic methods for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of inflammatory polyneuropathies.
Influence of Polymer Flow on Polypropylene Morphology, Micro-Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Injected Part
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Fucikova Klara , Manas Lukas , Stanek Michal
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the micro-mechanical and tribological properties of injection-molded parts made from polypropylene. The tribological properties of polymers are a very interesting area of research. Understanding tribological processes is very crucial. Considering that the mechanical and tribological properties of injected parts are not uniform at various points of the part, this research was conducted to explain the non-homogeneity of properties along the flow path. Non-homogeneity can be influenced by numerous factors, including distance from the gate, mold and melt temperature, injection pressure, crystalline structure, cooling rate, the surface of the mold, and others. The key factor from the micro-mechanical and tribological properties point of view is the polymer morphology (degree of crystallinity and size of the skin and core layers). The morphology is influenced by polymer flow and the injection molding process conditions. Gained results indicate that the indentation method was sufficiently sensitive to capture the changes in polypropylene morphology, which is a key parameter for the resulting micro-mechanical and tribological properties of the part. It was proven that the mechanical and tribological properties are not equal in varying regions of the part. Due to cooling and process parameters, the difference in the indentation modulus in individual measurement points was up to 55%, and the tribological properties, in particular the friction coefficient, showed a difference of up to 20%. The aforementioned results indicate the impact this finding signifies for injection molding technology in technical practice. Tribological properties are a key property of the part surface and, together with micro-mechanical properties, characterize the resistance of the surface to mechanical failure of the plastic part when used in engineering applications. A suitable choice of gate location, finishing method of the cavity surface, and process parameters can ensure the improvement of mechanical and tribological properties in stressed regions of the part. This will increase the stiffness and wear resistance of the surface.
Corrosion Activity of Ultrafine-Grained Pure Magnesium and ZK60 Magnesium Alloy in Phosphate Buffered Saline Solution
Authors: Diederichs Stella , Nugmanov Dayan , Ivanisenko Yulia , Kerscher Eberhard
Published: June 2024

The magnesium alloy ZK60 is a promising candidate as a material for biodegradable implants. One of the most important factors for biodegradable implants is the modification of their corrosion behavior to match the requirements for the healing bone or tissue. The corrosion behavior can be influenced by different factors, among them the grain size, which can be changed by severe plastic deformation processes such as High Pressure Torsion Extrusion (HPTE). This study focuses on the corrosion behavior of samples of pure magnesium and ZK60 before and after HPTE, and the influence of the microstructure on the corrosion activity. The samples are subjected to immersion tests in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS). The corrosion activity is defined by the emerging hydrogen volume from the corrosion process which is collected and by subsequently observing the resulting sample surfaces. The findings of this study suggest that pure magnesium shows lower corrosion activities than ZK60 and that HPTE processing leads to higher corrosion activities in PBS.
Exploring the Reconfigurable Memory Effect in Electroforming-Free YMnO3-Based Resistive Switches: Towards a Tunable Frequency Response
Authors: Zhao Xianyue , Du Nan , Dellith Jan , Diegel Marco , Hübner Uwe , Wicht Bernhard , Schmidt Heidemarie
Published: June 2024

Memristors, since their inception, have demonstrated remarkable characteristics, notably the exceptional reconfigurability of their memory. This study delves into electroforming-free YMnO3 (YMO)-based resistive switches, emphasizing the reconfigurable memory effect in multiferroic YMO thin films with metallically conducting electrodes and their pivotal role in achieving adaptable frequency responses in impedance circuits consisting of reconfigurable YMO-based resistive switches and no reconfigurable passive elements, e.g., inductors and capacitors. The multiferroic YMO possesses a network of charged domain walls which can be reconfigured by a time-dependent voltage applied between the metallically conducting electrodes. Through experimental demonstrations, this study scrutinizes the impedance response not only for individual switch devices but also for impedance circuitry based on YMO resistive switches in both low- and high-resistance states, interfacing with capacitors and inductors in parallel and series configurations. Scrutinized Nyquist plots visually capture the intricate dynamics of impedance circuitry, revealing the potential of electroforming-free YMO resistive switches in finely tuning frequency responses within impedance circuits. This adaptability, rooted in the unique properties of YMO, signifies a paradigm shift heralding the advent of advanced and flexible electronic technologies.
Study of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) and Ultrasonic Surface Rolling (USR) Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a High-Strength Martensitic Steel
Authors: Hou Yi , Duan Chenfeng , Li Xiaoqiang , Qu Shengguan
Published: June 2024

Steel with a combination of strength and plasticity is prevalently demanded for lightweight design and emission reductions in manufacturing. In this study, a high-strength Cr-Ni-Mo martensitic steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and ultrasonic surface rolling (USR) processes was studied for both strength and plasticity enhancement. Specimens were austenitized at 850 °C and then quenched to 240 °C via cooling by water, oil, and normalization in quenching. This was followed by partitioning, in which two groups of specimens were heated to 370 °C and 350 °C for 45 min, respectively. At last, all the specimens were quenched to room temperature with the same methods of quenching. The highest tensile strength increased from 681.73 MPa to 1389.76 MPa when compared to as-received (AR) steel after the Q&P process. The USR process with a static force of 800 N further improved the tensile strength of specimens with high tensile strength after the Q&P process, which improved from 1389.76 MPa to 1586.62 MPa and the product’s strength and elongation (PSE) increased from 15.76 GPa% to 15.9 GPa%, while the total elongation showed a mitigatory decrease from 11.34% to 10.02%. Tensile fractures were also studied and verified using a combination of strength and plasticity after a combined process of Q&P and USR.
Intercritically Annealed Medium-Manganese Steel: Insights into Microstructural and Microtextural Evolution, Strain Distribution, and Grain Boundary Characteristics
Authors: Mohapatra Sudipta , Baek Kyeong-Cheol , Oh Min-Suk
Published: June 2024

Aluminum-incorporated medium-manganese steel (MMnS) has potential for lightweight transport applications owing to its impressive mechanical properties. Increasing the austenite volume fraction and making microstructural changes are key to manufacturing MMnS. However, the grain boundary character and strain distribution of intercritically annealed low-density MMnS have not been extensively scrutinized, and the effects of crystallographic texture orientation on tensile properties remain ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, the microstructure, microtexture, strain distribution, and grain boundary characteristics of a hot-rolled medium-Mn steel (Fe–0.2 C–4.3 Al–9.4 Mn (wt%)) were investigated after intercritical annealing (IA) at 750, 800, or 850 °C for 1 h. The results show that the 800 °C annealed sample exhibited the highest austenite volume fraction among the specimens (60%). The duplex microstructure comprised lath-type γ-austenite, fine α-ferrite, and coarse δ-ferrite. As the IA temperature increased, the body-centered cubic phase orientation shifted from <001> to <111>. At higher temperatures, the face-centered cubic phase was oriented in directions ranging from <101> to <111>, and the sums of the fractions of high-angle grain boundaries and coincidence–site–lattice special boundaries were significantly increased. The 800 °C annealed sample with a high austenite content and strong γ-fiber {111}//RD orientation demonstrated a noteworthy tensile strength (1095 MPa) and tensile elongation (30%).
CaAl-Layered Double Hydroxides-Modified Biochar Composites Mitigate the Toxic Effects of Cu and Pb in Soil on Pea Seedlings
Authors: Wang Yuanzheng , Cai Yuhao , Wu Yuxuan , Yan Caiya , Dang Zhi , Yin Hua
Published: June 2024

Compound contamination of soil with heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) triggered by mining development has become a serious problem. To solve this problem, in this paper, corncob kernel, which is widely available and inexpensive, was used as the raw material of biochar and modified by loading CaAl-layered double hydroxides to synthesize biochar-loaded CaAl-layered double hydroxide composites (CaAl-LDH/BC). After soil remediation experiments, either BC or CaAl-LDH/BC can increase soil pH, and the available phosphorus content and available potassium content in soil. Compared with BC, CaAl-LDH/BC significantly reduced the available content of Cu and Pb in the active state (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable state) in the soil, and the passivation rate of Cu and Pb by a 2% dosage of CaAl-LDH/BC reached 47.85% and 37.9%, respectively. CaAl-LDH/BC can significantly enhance the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Luteimonas in the soil, which can help to enhance the tolerance and reduce the enrichment ability of plants to heavy metals. In addition, it was demonstrated by pea seedling (Pisum sativum L.) growing experiments that CaAl-LDH/BC increased plant fresh weight, root length, plant height, catalase (CAT) activity, and protein content, which promoted the growth of the plant. Compared with BC, CaAl-LDH/BC significantly reduced the Cu and Pb contents in pea seedlings, in which the Cu and Pb contents in pea seedlings were reduced from 31.97 mg/kg and 74.40 mg/kg to 2.92 mg/kg and 6.67 mg/kg, respectively, after a 2% dosage of CaAl-LDH/BC, which was a reduction of 90.84% and 91.03%, respectively. In conclusion, compared with BC, CaAl-LDH/BC improved soil fertility and thus the plant growth environment, and also more effectively reduced the mobility of heavy metals Cu and Pb in the soil to reduce the enrichment of Cu and Pb by plants.
Optimization of the Factory Layout and Production Flow Using Production-Simulation-Based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Choi Hyekyung , Yu Seokhwan , Lee DongHyun , Noh Sang Do , Ji Sanghoon , Kim Horim , Yoon Hyunsik , Kwon Minsu , Han Jagyu
Published: June 2024

Poor layout designs in manufacturing facilities severely reduce production efficiency and increase short- and long-term costs. Analyzing and deriving efficient layouts for novel line designs or improvements to existing lines considering both the layout design and logistics flow is crucial. In this study, we performed production simulation in the design phase for factory layout optimization and used reinforcement learning to derive the optimal factory layout. To facilitate factory-wide layout design, we considered the facility layout, logistics movement paths, and the use of automated guided vehicles (AGVs). The reinforcement-learning process for optimizing each component of the layout was implemented in a multilayer manner, and the optimization results were applied to the design production simulation for verification. Moreover, a flexible simulation system was developed. Users can efficiently review and execute alternative scenarios by considering both facility and logistics layouts in the workspace. By emphasizing the redesign and reuse of the simulation model, we achieved layout optimization through an automated process and propose a flexible simulation system that can adapt to various environments through a multilayered modular approach. By adjusting weights and considering various conditions, throughput increased by 0.3%, logistics movement distance was reduced by 3.8%, and the number of AGVs required was reduced by 11%.
New Trends in Complex Analysis Research
Authors: Oros Georgia Irina
Published: June 2024

This Special Issue aims to present some of the newest results obtained from the study of complex-valued functions of one or several complex variables [...]
Adaptive Slicing Method for Hermite Non-Planar Tessellated Surfaces Models
Authors: Chen Yang , Lian Ruichao , Jing Shikai , Fan Jiangxin
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an adaptive slicing method for Hermite non-planar tessellated surfaces models to improve the geometric accuracy of Rapid Prototyping (RP). Based on the bending characteristics of Hermite curved triangles, a slicing method for a complete Hermite surface model, including the grouping, the construction of the topological relationships, and the calculation of the intersection contours, was employed. The adaptive layering method considering the normal vector at the vertexes of the Hermite curved triangles was employed to grain the variable thickness of all layers of the Hermite surface model. The classical Stanford bunny model illustrates the significant improvement in the accuracy of the proposed method compared to the traditional method.
Matrix Pencil Optimal Iterative Algorithms and Restarted Versions for Linear Matrix Equation and Pseudoinverse
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Kuo Chung-Lun , Chang Chih-Wen
Published: June 2024

We derive a double-optimal iterative algorithm (DOIA) in an m-degree matrix pencil Krylov subspace to solve a rectangular linear matrix equation. Expressing the iterative solution in a matrix pencil and using two optimization techniques, we determine the expansion coefficients explicitly, by inverting an m×m positive definite matrix. The DOIA is a fast, convergent, iterative algorithm. Some properties and the estimation of residual error of the DOIA are given to prove the absolute convergence. Numerical tests demonstrate the usefulness of the double-optimal solution (DOS) and DOIA in solving square or nonsquare linear matrix equations and in inverting nonsingular square matrices. To speed up the convergence, a restarted technique with frequency m is proposed, namely, DOIA(m); it outperforms the DOIA. The pseudoinverse of a rectangular matrix can be sought using the DOIA and DOIA(m). The Moore–Penrose iterative algorithm (MPIA) and MPIA(m) based on the polynomial-type matrix pencil and the optimized hyperpower iterative algorithm OHPIA(m) are developed. They are efficient and accurate iterative methods for finding the pseudoinverse, especially the MPIA(m) and OHPIA(m).
A New Generalization of the Truncated Gumbel Distribution with Quantile Regression and Applications
Authors: Gómez Héctor J. , Santoro Karol I. , Ayma Diego , Cortés Isaac E. , Gallardo Diego I. , Magalhães Tiago M.
Published: June 2024

In this article, we introduce a new model with positive support. This model is an extension of the truncated Gumbel distribution, where a shape parameter is incorporated that provides greater flexibility to the new model. The model is parameterized in terms of the p-th quantile of the distribution to perform quantile regression in this model. An extensive simulation study demonstrates the good performance of the maximum likelihood estimators in finite samples. Finally, two applications to real datasets related to the level of beta-carotene and body mass index are presented.
Review of In Situ Detection and Ex Situ Characterization of Porosity in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Aydogan Beytullah , Chou Kevin
Published: June 2024

Over the past decade, significant research has focused on detecting abnormalities in metal laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing. Effective online monitoring systems are crucial for enhancing process stability, repeatability, and the quality of final components. Therefore, the development of in situ detection mechanisms has become essential for metal L-PBF systems, making efficient closed-loop control strategies to adjust process parameters in real time vital. This paper presents an overview of current in situ monitoring systems used in metal L-PBF, complemented by ex situ characterizations. It discusses in situ techniques employed in L-PBF and evaluates the applicability of commercial systems. The review covers optical, thermal, acoustic, and X-ray in situ methods, along with destructive and non-destructive ex situ methods like optical, Archimedes, and X-ray characterization techniques. Each technique is analyzed based on the sensor used for defect detection and the type or size of defects. Optical in situ monitoring primarily identifies large defects from powder bed abnormalities, while thermal methods detect defects as small as 100 µm and keyholes. Thermal in situ detection techniques are notable for their applicability to commercial devices and efficacy in detecting subsurface defects. Computed tomography scanning excels in locating porosity in 3D space with high accuracy. This study also explores the advantages of multi-sensor in situ techniques, such as combining optical and thermal sensors, and concludes by addressing current research needs and potential applications of multi-sensor systems.
Epiphytic Bacterial Community Analysis of Ulva prolifera in Garorim and Muan Bays, Republic of Korea
Authors: Supty Mst Shamim Ara , Jahan Kifat , Lee Jun-Seok , Choi Keun-Hyung
Published: June 2024

The bacterial communities related to seaweed can vary considerably across different locations, and these variations influence the seaweed’s nutrition, growth, and development. To study this further, we evaluated the bacteria found on the green marine seaweed Ulva prolifera from Garorim Bay and Muan Bay, two key locations on Republic of Korea’s west coast. Our analysis found notable differences in the bacterial communities between the two locations. Garorim Bay hosted a more diverse bacterial population, with the highest number of ASVs (871) compared to Muan Bay’s 156 ASVs. In Muan Bay, more than 50% of the bacterial community was dominated by Pseudomonadota. On the other hand, Garorim Bay had a more balanced distribution between Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota (37% and 35.5%, respectively). Additionally, Cyanobacteria, particularly Cyanothece aeruginosa, were found in significant numbers in Garorim Bay, making up 8% of the community. Mineral analysis indicated that Garorim Bay had higher levels of S, Na, Mg, Ca, and Fe. Function-wise, both locations exhibited bacterial enrichment in amino acid production, nucleosides, and nucleotide pathways. In conclusion, this study broadens our understanding of the bacterial communities associated with Ulva prolifera in Korean waters and provides a foundation for future research on the relationships between U. prolifera and its bacteria.
Anti-HIV Activity and Immunomodulatory Properties of Fractionated Crude Extracts of Alternaria alternata
Authors: Kubheka Mbali X. , Ndlovu Sizwe I. , Mkhwanazi Nompumelelo P.
Published: June 2024

Developing new anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug candidates that target different sites in HIV-1 replication, with better resistance profiles and lower drug toxicity, is essential to eradicating HIV. This study investigated the potential of fractionated crude extracts of Alternaria alternata as immunomodulatory or anti-HIV drug candidates. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to fractionate A. alternata PO4PR2 using three different columns: MAX (Mixed-mode, strong Anion-eXchange), MCX (Mixed-mode, strong Cation-eXchange), and HLB (Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance) with methanol gradient methods (5%, 45%, and 95%). An MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to assess the cell viability and cytotoxicity of the fractionated crude extract A. alternata PO4PR2 in the TZM-bl cell lines. This was followed by a luciferase-based antiviral assay to assess the antiviral activity of A. alternata PO4PR2. A time of addition (TOA) assay was performed to ascertain the mechanism of inhibition employed by the fractionated crude extract of A. alternata PO4PR2 in the HIV life cycle. The p24 titer was determined using an ELISA, while a luciferase-based antiviral assay was used to evaluate the HIV percentage inhibition for different HIV-1 replication cycles. The TOA assay was established using antiviral drugs that target different sites in the HIV replication cycle. These included maraviroc, azidothymidine, raltegravir, and amprenavir. The immunomodulatory effect of the fractionated crude extracts on CD4+ T cells was measured by a flow cytometric analysis, for which fluorochrome-labelled monoclonal antibodies were used as markers for activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion (PD-1). The MCX fraction demonstrated a more significant anti-HIV inhibition than that of the fractions generated in other columns, with an IC50 of 0.3619 µg/mL, an HIV inhibition of 77%, 5% HLB (IC50: 0.7232 µg/mL; HIV inhibition of 64%), and 5% MAX (IC50: 5.240 µg/mL; HIV inhibition of 67%). It was evident from the time of addition data that the crude extract and the 5% MCX fraction inhibited viral binding (68%), reverse transcription (75%), integration (98%), and proteolysis (77%). It was shown that A. alternata (the MCX fraction) have a significant inhibitory effect on reverse transcription (75% HIV inhibition) and integration (100% HIV inhibition). The 5% MCX (p = 0.0062), 5% HLB (p = 0.0269), and 5% MAX (p = 0.0117) fractionated A. alternata crude extracts had low levels of CD4+ T cell (CD38 + HLA-DR+) activation compared to those of the AZT treatment, while CD4+ T cell activation was insignificant. The 5% MAX and HLB A. alternata fractions may possess immunomodulatory compounds with less anti-HIV-1 activity. A. alternata could be a key source of innovative anti-HIV drugs with immunomodulatory characteristics.
Research on Application of Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles L.) and Pork Collagen in Dark Chocolate—Benefits in Prevention of Inflammation In Vitro Model
Authors: Byczkiewicz Szymon , Szwajgier Dominik , Baranowska-Wójcik Ewa , Telichowska Aleksandra , Szymandera-Buszka Krystyna , Wojtczak Janusz , Kobus-Cisowska Joanna
Published: June 2024

In the present study, the effect of the addition of quince and collagen type I and III to dessert chocolate on its functional properties was determined. The study evaluated the antioxidant potential of the tested formulations using the FRAP method and the linoleic acid oxidation test and beta-carotene bleaching test. The tested samples were also evaluated for inhibitory activity against enzymes important in preventive health (inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders) namely: AChE, BChE, GR, GPx, COX, and SOD. The addition of quince and collagen to the chocolate samples resulted in higher activity compared to the control sample, as indicated by the FRAP test. The experiment highlighted the impact of including quince fruit on the antioxidant activity of the chocolate samples. Interestingly, merely increasing the quince fruit amount did not consistently enhance antioxidant potential. Specifically, chocolate samples with a lower proportion of quince fruit (2 g/100 g) exhibited greater antioxidant activity when supplemented with collagen I. Conversely, in samples with higher quince percentages (3 g and 4 g), those enriched with collagen III showed higher antioxidant activity. Similar correlations were observed in the linoleic acid oxidation test. Notably, samples containing 3 g and 4 g of quince and type III collagen demonstrated statistically similar highest antioxidant properties. Regardless of the collagen type used, there was no observed increase in activity towards the tested enzymes for samples with the lowest percentage of quince fruit. Both collagen types exhibited the highest activity in the inhibition assay against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase when combined with 3 g and 4 g of quince. Overall, the experimental incorporation of both fruit and collagen enhanced the chocolates’ activity. Similarly to the antioxidant activity findings, chocolates with lower quince fruit quantities showed increased activity when supplemented with collagen III, while those with higher quince content (3 g and 4 g) displayed higher activity with collagen I. Bitter chocolate by itself is an attractive food product, rich in many bioactive compounds. However, enriching it with other attractive raw materials can make its properties and taste even more attractive.
Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Montalvo-Alonso Juan Jesús , Ferragut Carmen , del Val-Manzano Marta , Valadés David , Roberts Justin , Pérez-López Alberto
Published: June 2024

Background: This study assessed the impact of acute caffeine intake on muscular strength, power, and endurance performance between resistance-trained male and female individuals according to load in upper- and lower-body exercises. Methods: Here, 76 resistance-trained individuals (38 females, 38 males) participated in a study comparing caffeine and a placebo. Each received either 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo 60 min before tests measuring muscular strength and power through bench press and back squat exercises at different intensities (25%, 50%, 75%, 90% 1RM). Muscular endurance at 65% 1RM was also assessed by performing reps until reaching task failure. Results: Compared to placebo, caffeine increased mean, peak and time to reach peak velocity and power output (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.242–0.293) in the muscular strength/power test in males and females. This effect was particularly observed in the back squat exercise at 50%, 75% and 90% 1RM (2.5–8.5%, p < 0.05, g = 1.0–2.4). For muscular endurance, caffeine increased the number of repetitions, mean velocity and power output (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.177–0.255) in both sexes and exercises (3.0–8.9%, p < 0.05, g = 0.15–0.33). Conclusions: Acute caffeine intake resulted in a similar ergogenic effect on muscular strength, power, and endurance performance in upper- and lower-body exercises for male and female resistance-trained participants.
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Cycling: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valiño-Marques Alberto , Lamas Alexandre , Miranda José M. , Cepeda Alberto , Regal Patricia
Published: June 2024

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the independent or combined use of nutritional ergogenic aids belonging to Group A of the ABCD classification by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in the context of cycling (caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrates, and glycerol). A comprehensive search was carried out using three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. All the databases were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials or crossover design studies assessing the effects of supplementation on cycling performance in comparison with placebos in healthy adults. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Thirty-six articles involving 701 participants were included in this review, examining supplementation with caffeine (n = 5), creatine (n = 2), sodium bicarbonate (n = 6), beta-alanine (n = 3), and nitrates (n = 8). Additionally, supplemental combinations of caffeine and creatine (n = 3), caffeine and sodium bicarbonate (n = 3), caffeine and nitrates (n = 1), creatine and sodium bicarbonate (n = 1), and sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine (n = 4) were analyzed. A benefit for cyclists’ athletic performnce was found when consuming a caffeine supplement, and a potential positive effect was noted after the consumption of sodium bicarbonate, as well as after the combination of caffeine and creatine. However, no statistically significant effects were identified for the remaining supplements, whether administered individually or in combination.
Nutrition, Vitamin D, and Calcium in Elderly Patients before and after a Hip Fracture and Their Impact on the Musculoskeletal System: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cianferotti Luisella , Bifolco Giuseppe , Caffarelli Carla , Mazziotti Gherardo , Migliaccio Silvia , Napoli Nicola , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Cipriani Cristiana
Published: June 2024

Hip fractures are a major health issue considerably impacting patients’ quality of life and well-being. This is particularly evident in elderly subjects, in which the decline in bone and muscle mass coexists and predisposes individuals to fall and fracture. Among interventions to be implemented in hip fractured patients, the assessment and management of nutritional status is pivotal, particularly in subjects older than 65. Nutrition plays a central role in both primary and secondary preventions of fracture. An adequate protein intake improves muscle mass and strength and the intestinal absorption of calcium. Other nutrients with recognized beneficial effects on bone health are calcium, vitamins D, K, and C, potassium, magnesium, folate, and carotenoids. With reference to calcium, results from longitudinal studies showed that the consumption of dairy foods has a protective role against fractures. Moreover, the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and one umbrella review demonstrated that the combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces hip fracture risk, with presumed higher efficacy in older and institutionalized subjects. Owing to these reasons, the adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, protein, and other macro and micronutrients has been successfully implemented in the Fracture Liaison Services (FLSs) that represent the most reliable model of management for hip fracture patients. In this narrative review, papers (randomized controlled trials, prospective and intervention studies, and systematic reviews) retrieved by records from three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Medline) have been analyzed, and the available information on the screening, assessment, and management of nutritional and vitamin D status and calcium intake in patients with hip fractures is presented along with specific prevention and treatment measures.