bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESKRIPSI JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PADA PENDERITA KANKER SERVIKS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH RADIOTERAPI
Authors: Artitin Cicillia
Published: March 2024

Radioterapi digunakan sebagai terapi kuratif pada kanker serviks, dimana total dosis radiasi diberikan 40-50 Gy per fraksi seminggu, dosis sekitar 0,5 Gy sudah dapat menyebabkan penurunan proses pembentukan sel-sel darah sehingga jumlah sel darah akan menurun. Leukopenia dapat terjadi setelah radioterapi karena sel leukosit sangat   radiosensitif. Sel leukosit yang didalamnya terdapat sel limfosit yang berfungsi sebagai pertahanan. Apabila berkurang pertahanan tubuh terhadap penyakit menjadi lemah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran jumlah leukosits ebelum dan setelah radioterapi. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan data secara restropektif dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr.M. Djamil padang pada bulan April-Juni 2022 dengan jumlah populasi 25 dengan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 10 orang pasien, kemudian data diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS dengan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa jumlah leukosit normal sebelum penyinaran sebanyak 40,0% dan jumlah leukosit yang tidak normal sebanyak 70,0%. Jumlah leukosit normal pada minggu ke 1 sebanyak 60,0% dan jumlah leukosit yang tidak normal sebanyak 40,0%. Pada minggu ke 2 jumlah leukosit normal sebanyak 80,0% dan jumlah yang tidak normal sebanyak 20,0%. Pada mingguke 3 jumlah leukosit normal sebanyak 70,0% dan yang tidak normal sebanyak 30,0%. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis radiasi yang telah diberikan selama 3 minggu yaitu 20 Gy menurunkan jumlah leukosit.
Perceraian dan Perkembangan Psikologis Anak: Analisis Tematis Temuan Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Suroso Untung , Meilan Arsanti
Published: March 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of divorce on children's psychological development, including changes in their behavior, emotional stability, response to stress, and adaptability, and to understand the factors that influence such impacts as social support and parent-child relationships.

Methods – This research employing literature review methodology, this study delves into data extracted from pertinent journals, articles, and research studies. The collected data underwent thematic analysis to discern prevalent patterns and themes concerning the ramifications of divorce on children's psychological growth. Key areas of inquiry encompass behavioral shifts, stress levels, and resilience of children in navigating through the aftermath of divorce. Furthermore, this research endeavors to identify factors that may exacerbate or ameliorate these impacts, such as social support and psychological guidance.

Findings – The findings of this study underscore that divorce can precipitate psychological effects manifested in alterations in children's behavior, emotional equilibrium, and sense of responsibility. Additionally, children may experience feelings of anxiety, distress, sadness, shame, and bewilderment following divorce. It is anticipated that the insights gained from this study will advance our understanding of the intricate ways in which divorce shapes children's psychological development.

Research implications –The findings of this research contribute to theoretical frameworks regarding the psychological impact of divorce on children, shedding light on the nuanced interplay between familial upheaval and children's emotional well-being. This deepened understanding enhances existing theories of child development and family dynamics, offering insights into the mechanisms through which divorce affects children's psychological adjustment and resilience.

Originality/value – The findings of this study provide novel insights into the nuanced ways in which divorce shapes children's psychological development. By highlighting the diverse range of psychological effects experienced by children following divorce, this study advances our understanding of the complexities involved in this process, thereby enriching theoretical frameworks in the field of child development and family dynamics.
Beyond A New World in Space: Critical Astral Frontiers in Octavia Butler and Adam Garnet Jones
Authors: Dorenbos José , López Zabalegui África , Njoku Dominguez Luna
Published: March 2024

This paper explores two contemporary literary visions of space settlement to gauge their potential within an emancipatory feminist and antiracist imaginary of the future. In doing so, it engages with the broader question of whether literary interplanetary dreams are necessarily tied up in a colonial rhetoric of violent expansion, or if they can also be organized to serve the interests of oppressed and underserved groups in an Anthropocene context.
The text examines and compares two recent narratives of space settlement, the one found in Octavia Butler’s ‘Earthseed’ series and Adam Garnet Jones’ short story ‘History of the New World.’ Based on a comparative close reading of both, this paper argues that both stories frame the project of resettling in space as a hopeful alternative to life within a collapsed natural world and the precarious socio-political framework that has arisen from it, albeit with distinctly different outcomes. This comparison focuses specifically on the organization of such utopian extraplanetary societies and the roles they fulfill in the present. Crucially, this paper considers how both stories evaluate the possibility of choosing not to leave for the astral frontier.
Are Intellectual Assets Management Important for University Performance Achievement??
Authors: Pujiono . , Kusumaningtias Rohmawati , Putra Rediyanto , Haron Nur Quratun Aini Binti , Kamaluddin Amrizah , Hasan Hazlina , Sa’ad Shukriah , Hamzah Noradivah
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore how universities extract the value of knowledge assets to be able to survive and be competitive. This study wants to find the governance of knowledge assets embedded in Indonesian state universities’ human capital, structural capital, and relational and innovation capital. In addition, the questionnaire survey results will show the relationship between knowledge assets and university performance. This research will provide an understanding of the measurement of knowledge assets and the performance of higher education institutions. The results of this study indicate that knowledge assets, as measured by human capital, relational capital, and structural capital, positively influence the performance of universities in Indonesia. Therefore, it is proper for universities in Indonesia to be able to manage knowledge assets optimally.
The Innovative Culture in a Philippine Countryside State University
Authors: Blancia Garry Vanz V. , Mayor Anna Beatriz R. , Nieves Danica C. , Fetalvero Eddie G. , Olarte Jewelle V. , Catajay-Mani Merian P.
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the Innovative Culture (IC) in a Philippine countryside state university. It determined respondents’ Academic Rank and the IC index for academic units across IC building blocks: Values, Behaviors, Processes, Climate, Resources, and Success. Employing a descriptive-correlational method, data revealed a “High” IC index across all factors. Correlations between IC index and employee rank, rank and behavior, rank and resources, rank and climate, and rank and success showed a significant correlation. However, rank’s correlation with values and processes resulted to no significance. The high IC within the university’s units indicates that organizational thinking aligns with institutional goals. It is recommended that Philippine State Universities should invest in activities and programs to sustain or enhance the faculty and employees’ Innovative Culture. This study serves as a valuable insight for educational institutions aiming to foster innovative cultures, as it underscores the significance of aligning culture with institutional goals and provides a roadmap for achieving this alignment.
Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment and Content-Based Instruction: A Case Study of English Writing at a Chinese University
Authors: Qiu Li , Swanto Suyansah , Said Noraini Binti , Din Wardatul Akmam , Li Chunguang
Published: March 2024

This study delves into the impact of corrective feedback within a Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment (TSCA) and Content-Based Instruction (CBI) framework on EFL (English as Foreign Language) students' English writing and grammar learning. A ten-week experiment with one hundred participants explores this question. Divided into three groups, one receives direct corrective feedback, another navigates indirect feedback, and a control group receives none. Evaluating writing performances across these groups, the study aims to assess the combined efficacy of TSCA and CBI in promoting English grammar learning.
Preliminary findings suggest that corrective feedback within the TSCA and CBI framework significantly enhances grammar accuracy. This study proposes an innovative methodology, highlighting comprehensive corrective feedback as a transformative catalyst for grammar development. It introduces a unique module for EFL students, fostering proficiency in English grammar and potentially transcending limitations associated with TSCA alone. This approach paves the way for a fresh paradigm within EFL grammar learning.
The Effectiveness of the PBL Teaching Model on the Achievement and Critical Thinking Skills Development of Chinese Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lu Yuxin , Singh Charanjit Kaur Swaran
Published: March 2024

Problem-based learning teaching models is a student-centered teaching model. This paper searched China’s largest database, China Knowledge Network, using the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines method to search and screen prospective studies on the teaching effectiveness of the PBL teaching model published from 2013 to 2023, and based on the pre-set inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 30 papers were selected. The results show that the PBL teaching model effectively improves Chinese undergraduate students’ achievement and critical thinking, and therefore, PBL can be implemented in Chinese undergraduate education. However, the use of the PBL teaching model is narrow due to its late start in China, and a more rigorous methodology and mixed-methods design of the studies are needed to improve the transferability of the results.
Estimation of Psychometric Properties of Leadership Style Questionnaire at Higher Education
Authors: Narang Malti , Chechi Vijay Kumar , Raji Navdeep Singh
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to validate the Even & David-Hadar (2021) leadership style questionnaire for assessing head leadership in the context of Indian higher education. The three-factor structure (transformational, transactional, laissez-faire) was tested with data from 400 university teachers across science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences from both public and private institutions in Punjab.
Purposive random sampling was employed in two separate studies (n=200 each). Study 1 utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reveal three dimensions explaining 65.46% of the variance, with good internal consistency (>0.80). Study 2 confirmed these findings through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), demonstrating moderate goodness of fit (CMIN/DF=2.114, GFI=0.89, TLI=0.92, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.074).
These results support the validity and reliability of the adapted questionnaire for measuring leadership styles in Punjab higher education. This 15-item, three-dimensional scale can be valuable for addressing behavioral and management issues among university teachers.
Analisis Pemikiran Ibrahim Musthafa Dalam Pembaruan Nahwu (Kajian Linguistik Modern)
Authors: Haryati Ratih , Azhari Irsyad , Wargadinata Wildana Wargadinata
Published: March 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh mengenai pemikiran Ibrahim Musthafa dalam bukunya yang berjudul Ihya’ an-nahwi dan kontribusinya dalam pembaruan ilmu nahwu. Kajian ilmu nahwu klasik yang dinilai terlalu sulit dan juga menyulitkan para pemerhati bahasa Arab. Kritik terhadap nahwu klasik mulai datang sejak abad pertengahan hingga modern karena dianggap penuh dengan filsafat Yunani dan logika Aristotelian sehingga Ibrahim Musthafa berupaya melakukan pembaruan nahwu. Penelitian ini merupakan library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Ibrahim Musthofa mendasari upaya pembaruan nahwu dengan pendekatan makna. Kemudian ditemukan pembaharuan nahwu pada kitab Ihya' al-Nahwi dari berbagai aspek. Yang pertama ide-ide pembaharuan Ibrahim Musthafa 1) definisiinisi Nahwu (Nahwu tidak hanya memperhatikan perubahan huruf ahir pada kata, akan tetapi hubungan yang terkait pada penyusunan kalimat dalam bahasa Arab); 2) penolakan terhadap konsep Amil konsep ini merupakan kombinasi dari pemikiran secara filosofis, sehingga ulama-ulama Nahwu mengabaikan makna yang terkandung didalamnya); 3) Pembatasan tanda I'rab (Ibrahim tidak memasukan fathah kedalam tanda I'rab). Kedua Penolakan tanda-tanda I'rab yang bersifat far'iyyah (adalah tanda I'rab yang diciptakan ulama-ulama nahwu klasik yang berperan sebagai pengganti dari I'rab yang asli). Hal ini terjadi pada kasus; 1) asma'ul khamsah; 2) jama' muzakkar salim; 3) isim ghairu munsharif.
Improving clinical evaluation and decision-making in military personnel with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.
Authors:   , Paantjens Marc Adriaan
Published: March 2024

Chapter 1: Introduction
We aimed to improve the clinical evaluation and decision-making process in military healthcare aimed at personnel with Achilles tendinopathy (AT), primarily focusing on mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (mid-AT). Six studies were undertaken, with three core themes being the subject of research:
I. ultrasonographical assessment of mid-portion tendon structure;
II. clinical effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT);
III. thresholds on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment – Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire.
The primary objective was to evaluate ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) as an outcome measure for mid-AT.

Chapter 2: Inter-rater reliability of ultrasonography for Achilles tendon structure.
In asymptomatic subjects, conventional ultrasonography showed:
1. almost perfect agreement in grading mid-portion tendon structure (kw 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95);
2. a very high inter-observer correlation in measuring mid-portion diameter in short-axis plane (
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN HAK MEMILIH PADA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR PROVINSI JAMBI TAHUN 2020 (STUDI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PEMILIHAN UMUM)
Authors: Samsuddin Samsuddin , Suparmin Suparmin , Supriadi Supriadi , Nurdin Nurdin , Syahruddin Syahruddin
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi kebijakan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 dalam meningkatkan hak memilih masyarakat pada pilkada serentak 2020 di masa Covid-19 di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data wawancara, dokumentasi dan juga observasi. Hasil penelitian dari model teori Edward III, komunikasi, penyampaian menggunakan protokol kesehatan dalam setiap tahapannya. Dalam hal ini KPU menerbitkan Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 6, 10, dan 13 Tahun 2020 dalam pilkada dengan menjelaskan mekanisme pelaksanaan pilkada serentak tahun 2020 menggunakan protokol kesehatan di seluruh tahapan pemilu, sumber daya, staf dan SDM sudah tersedia dengan baik, karena telah memahami tupoksi setiap tahapan pemilu. Disposisi komitmen penyelengga ditunjukkan dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pemilih pada pilkada tahun 2020 dimasa covid-19 di Provinsi Jambi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya dimana pada tahun 2015 partisipasi pemilih hanya sebesar 66, 85% namun sedikit mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2020 yakni sebesar 67,91%. Struktur organisasi KPU dalam meningkatkan hak masyarakat pemilih yakni sesuia dengan SOP: (a) sosialisasi yang mana sosialisasi dilakukan dengan cara terjun langsung ke masyarakat dengan menyampaikan materi mengenai pemilihan serta informasi mengenai pemilihan dan pendidikan politik kepada masyarakat akan pentingnya partisipasi mereka dalam pemilkada, sosialisasi juga dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sosial media dan alat peraga lain seperti spanduk dan sebagainya; dan (b) adanya tim sosialisasi bernama relawan demokrasi yang diambil dari berbagai unsur masyarakat dan disebarkan di berbagai daerah di Provinsi Jambi hingga tingkat kecamatan dan desa.
DOMINASI KARAENG DALAM PILKADA DI JENEPONTO
Authors: Haboddin Muhtar
Published: March 2024

Tulisan ini menjelaskan dominasi karaeng dalam pilkada di kabupaten Jeneponto. Karaengmerupakan bagian dari elite tradisional yang memiliki kemampuan dalam merebut dan mempertahankan kekuasaan melalui pilkada yang dilaksanakan secara langsung, bebas, adil, dan demokratis. Kemenangan karaeng dalam pilkada 2018 membuktikan bahwa dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir posisi karaeng sebagai elite yang memerintah semakin kokoh. Itu artinya, kaum bangsawan di Jeneponto semakin kuat posisinya dalam perebutan kekuasaan secara langsung. Bahkan, pilkada 2018 membuktikan bahwa semua pasangan kandidat kepala daerah berlatar belakang karaeng. Dengan menguasai kandidasi tersebut, maka secara otomatis karaeng terpilih dan menjadi pemimpin kepala daerah.
The Akkadian Vocabulary of Noah’s Ark and its Allegorical and Ritual Significance
Authors: Maranz Nezer
Published: March 2024

The Genesis account of Noah’s Ark has long engendered a debate over the relationship between the Hebrew story and the older cuneiform flood myths. In English, this famed craft is called “the ark”. However, the phrase used in the Hebrew text is “התבה” (htbh, Masoretic ha-tebah), for which no Hebrew etymology exists. Here I present evidence that “תבה” transcribes Akkadian “Tabû”, represented by the logograms “ZI” and “I.ZI.A”—which have the constituent Sumerian meanings of “Life”, “To Lead out Life (from) Water” and “To Overcome Annihilation”. It is part of a cuneiform semantic field that identifies the Great Flood as a repurposed metaphor for the destruction of Israel. The language details signal that the Hebraic version was originally conceptualized in cuneiform during the 6th century BC as part of a ritual invoking the rescue of the nation from exile in Babylon.
OVERVIEW OF EARLY MOBILIZATION IN PATIENTS POST OPERATION FOR FEMUR FRACTURE AT NGUDI WALOYO WLINGI HOSPITAL
Authors: Putri Maulidya Amalia , Sepdiyanto Tri Cahyo , Abiddin Andi Hayyun
Published: March 2024

A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. The injury recovery process may not go perfectly if the patient cannot move after surgery. Of course, this condition will affect the length of time the patient is considered in the emergency clinic. The recovery that medical staff should be able to carry out in patients with post-operative femur fractures is to complete the initial assembly. Early mobilization is an effort to pursue freedom as quickly as possible by directing the victim to follow physiological capabilities. The motivation behind this study was to determine the impact of early preparation practices on postoperative femoral fracture patients. This research was conducted in the Surgery Room at Ngudi Waloyo Wlingi Regional Hospital. The technique used is a quantitative illustrative examination strategy with an overview type. The population was 5 respondents with post-operative femur fractures treated in the work room, who were examined using an all out examination procedure. Information is obtained through perception. Considering the side effects of the review, it was shown that most of the 60% of respondents with post-operative femur fractures were dependent on others. It stands to reason that there is an impact of movement practices in post-operative femur fracture patients that would encourage a longer stay in the emergency clinic. Patients who are recovering from surgery need to start mobilizing as soon as possible to ensure smooth blood flow, speed wound healing, and minimize hospitalization.words : Early mobilization, post-operative femur fracture, dependency
Optimal control and stability analysis of monkeypox transmission dynamics with the impact of contaminated surfaces
Authors: Hassan Abdullah Hasan , Aldila Dipo , Noor Aziz Muhamad Hifzhudin
Published: March 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the transmission dynamics of monkeypox, considering contaminated surfaces using a deterministic mathematical model. The study begins by calculating the basic reproduction number and the stability properties of equilibrium states, specifically focusing on the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. Our analytical investigation reveals the occurrence of a forward bifurcation when the basic reproduction number equals unity, indicating a critical threshold for disease spread. The non-existence of backward bifurcation indicates that the basic reproduction number is the single endemic indicator in our model. To further understand the dynamics and control strategies, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify influential parameters. Based on these findings, the model is reconstructed as an optimal control problem, allowing for the formulation of effective control strategies. Numerical simulations are then performed to assess the impact of these control measures on the spread of monkeypox. The study contributes to the field by providing insights into the optimal control and stability analysis of monkeypox transmission dynamics. The results emphasize the significance of contaminated surfaces in disease transmission and highlight the importance of implementing targeted control measures to contain and prevent outbreaks. The findings of this research can aid in the development of evidence-based strategies for mitigating the impact of monkeypox and other similar infectious diseases.
Coupling dairy wastewaters for nutritional balancing and water recycling: sustainable heterologous 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria
Authors: Usai Giulia , Cordara Alessandro , Mazzocchi Elena , Re Angela , Fino Debora , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Menin Barbara
Published: March 2024

Microalgae biotechnology is hampered by the high production costs and the massive usage of water during large-volume cultivations. These drawbacks can be softened by the production of high-value compounds and by adopting metabolic engineering strategies to improve their performances and productivity. Today, the most sustainable approach is the exploitation of industrial wastewaters for microalgae cultivation, which couples valuable biomass production with water resource recovery. Among the food processing sectors, the dairy industry generates the largest volume of wastewaters through the manufacturing process. These effluents are typically rich in dissolved organic matter and nutrients, which make it a challenging and expensive waste stream for companies to manage. Nevertheless, these rich wastewaters represent an appealing resource for microalgal biotechnology. In this study, we propose a sustainable approach for high-value compound production from dairy wastewaters through cyanobacteria. This strategy is based on a metabolically engineered strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (already published elsewhere) for 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). 2-PE is a high-value aromatic compound that is widely employed as a fragrance in the food and cosmetics industry thanks to its pleasant floral scent. First, we qualitatively assessed the impact of four dairy effluents on cyanobacterial growth to identify the most promising substrates. Both tank-washing water and the liquid effluent of exhausted sludge resulted as suitable nutrient sources. Thus, we created an ideal buffer system by combining the two wastewaters while simultaneously providing balanced nutrition and completely avoiding the need for fresh water. The combination of 75% liquid effluent of exhausted sludge and 25% tank-washing water with a fine-tuning ammonium supplementation yielded 180 mg L−1 of 2-PE and a biomass concentration of 0.6 gDW L-1 within 10 days. The mixture of 90% exhausted sludge and 10% washing water produced the highest yield of 2-PE (205 mg L−1) and biomass accumulation (0.7 gDW L−1), although in 16 days. Through these treatments, the phosphates were completely consumed, and nitrogen was removed in a range of 74%–77%. Overall, our approach significantly valorized water recycling and the exploitation of valuable wastewaters to circularly produce marketable compounds via microalgae biotechnology, laying a promising groundwork for subsequent implementation and scale-up.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment platform based on manganese-based nanomaterials
Authors: Fei Jia , Liu Yanyan , Zeng Ya , Yang Mingqi , Chen Shanshan , Duan Xiaobing , Lu Ligong , Chen Muhe
Published: March 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods is crucial. Manganese-based nanomaterials (MnNMs) have emerged as a focal point in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their multifunctional properties. These nanomaterials have been extensively explored as contrast agents for various imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR-FL). The use of these nanomaterials has significantly enhanced the contrast for precise tumor detection and localization. Moreover, MnNMs have shown responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment (TME), enabling innovative approaches to cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the latest developments of MnNMs and their potential applications in tumor diagnosis and therapy. Finally, potential challenges and prospects of MnNMs in clinical applications are discussed. We believe that this review would serve as a valuable resource for guiding further research on the application of manganese nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment, addressing the current limitations, and proposing future research directions.
Epoxy-based multifunctional solid polymer electrolytes for structural batteries and supercapacitors. a short review
Authors: Adak Nitai Chandra , Lim Sungmook , Lee Guk-Hwan , Lee Wonoh
Published: March 2024

The potential applications of epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes are continually expanding because of their versatile characteristics. These characteristics include mechanical rigidity, nonvolatility, nonflammability, and electrochemical stability. However, it is worth noting that pure epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes inherently exhibit lower ion transport capabilities when compared to traditional liquid electrolytes. Striking a balance between high mechanical integrity and superior ionic conductivity at room temperature poses a significant challenge. In light of this challenge, this review is dedicated to elucidating the fundamental concepts of epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes. It will explore various preparation techniques, the incorporation of different nanomaterials into epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes, and an evaluation of their multifunctional properties. This comprehensive evaluation will cover both mechanical and electrical properties with a specific focus on their potential applications in batteries and structural supercapacitors.
Human rights law in the development of hydropower projects in transboundary context
Authors: Tignino Mara , Jara Diego
Published: March 2024

Human rights obligations are owed by states to the individuals in their territory and under their jurisdiction and may also arise in extraterritorial contexts. This document provides an overview of how various human rights and in particular the human right to safe drinking water and indigenous peoples' rights are related to hydropower development. This analysis, will present available international law tools and mechanisms including river basin organizations and judicial bodies which may conciliate tensions between and within states when the development of hydropower project risk to affect the quantity or the quality of water provided to local and vulnerable communities.
How can academic health science centers help to increase diversity in the STEM professions?
Authors: Moore Mary , Cuccia Martha , Edwards Alicia , Hicks Chindo , McLean Angela , Nieves-Rivera Christian , Sheets Gabrielle , Sherman Kelly Jean , Augustus-Wallace Allison , Tsien Fern
Published: March 2024

In the United States, great inequities exist within the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields in individuals who self-identify as belonging to underrepresented groups (e.g., from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, people with disabilities, and Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Underrepresentation in STEM careers has been documented to be due to a lack of qualified and diverse teaching personnel, limited access to resources in disadvantaged schools, and implicit bias within US institutions. In recognition of these inequities, an interprofessional team of biomedical faculty members and diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) educators from the Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC) in New Orleans developed and implemented a STEM educational training pipeline for elementary, middle, and high school (K-12), undergraduate, and medical students, with accompanying DEI training for LSUHSC mentors and staff to mitigate implicit bias and promote a welcoming environment for participants from different backgrounds. Our findings focus on one social determinant of health: access and quality of education. Other institutions can implement a program as described in the present study to address the educational and health inequities in their own communities.
The role of place-based factors and other social determinants of health on adverse post-sepsis outcomes: a review of the literature
Authors: Ehrman Robert R. , Malik Adrienne N. , Haber Brian D. , Glassman Seth R. , Bowen Cassidy A. , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Bauer Samantha J. , Sherwin Robert L.
Published: March 2024

Sepsis remains a common and costly disease. With early recognition and guideline-based treatment, more patients are surviving to hospital discharge. Many survivors experience adverse health events in the months following discharge, while others suffer long-term physical and cognitive decline. Social, biological, and environmental factors affect all aspects of the disease process, from what pathogens one is exposed to, how/if disease develops, what avenues are available for treatment, as well as short- and long-term sequelae of survival. Disparities in sepsis care exist at all stages of a patient's clinical course, but increased survivorship has highlighted the extent to which Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) influence post-discharge adverse events. Despite increased interest in the last decade, a nuanced understanding of causal relationships remains elusive. This is due to several factors: the narrow range of social determinants of health (SDoH) variables typically studied, the inconsistent and non-standardized methods of documenting and reporting SDoH, and the inadequate acknowledgment of how social, environmental, and biological factors interact. Lack of clear understanding of how SDoH influence post-discharge outcomes is an obstacle to development and testing of strategies to mitigate their harms. This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the effects of SDoH on post-discharge outcomes in sepsis, highlights gaps therein, and identifies areas of greatest need for improving the quality and impact of future investigations.
The role of the annexin A protein family at the maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Hu Jingwen , Chen Lin , Ruan Jing , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: March 2024

Successful pregnancy requires the tolerance of the maternal immune system for the semi-allogeneic embryo, as well as a synchrony between the receptive endometrium and the competent embryo. The annexin family belongs to calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding protein, which functions as a membrane skeleton to stabilize the lipid bilayer and participate in various biological processes in humans. There is an abundance of the annexin family at the maternal–fetal interface, and it exerts a crucial role in embryo implantation and the subsequent development of the placenta. Altered expression of the annexin family and dysfunction of annexin proteins or polymorphisms of the ANXA gene are involved in a range of pregnancy complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the annexin A protein family at the maternal–fetal interface and its association with female reproductive disorders, suggesting the use of ANXA as the potential therapeutic target in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
Metabolic syndrome traits exhibit genotype-by-environment interaction in relation to socioeconomic status in the Mexican American family heart study
Authors: Diego Vincent P. , Manusov Eron G. , Mao Xi , Almeida Marcio , Peralta Juan M. , Curran Joanne E. , Mahaney Michael C. , Göring Harald , Blangero John , Williams-Blangero Sarah
Published: March 2024

Background: Socioeconomic Status (SES) is a potent environmental determinant of health. To our knowledge, no assessment of genotype-environment interaction has been conducted to consider the joint effects of socioeconomic status and genetics on risk for metabolic disease. We analyzed data from the Mexican American Family Studies (MAFS) to evaluate the hypothesis that genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) is an essential determinant of variation in risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: We employed a maximum likelihood estimation of the decomposition of variance components to detect GxE interaction. After excluding individuals with diabetes and individuals on medication for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia, we analyzed 12 MS risk factors: fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), 2-h glucose (2G), 2-h insulin (2I), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), leptin (LP), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TSC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Our SES variable used a combined score of Duncan’s socioeconomic index and education years. Heterogeneity in the additive genetic variance across the SES continuum and a departure from unity in the genetic correlation coefficient were taken as evidence of GxE interaction. Hypothesis tests were conducted using standard likelihood ratio tests.

Results: We found evidence of GxE for fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, 2-h insulin, BMI, and triglycerides. The genetic effects underlying the insulin/glucose metabolism component of MS are upregulated at the lower end of the SES spectrum. We also determined that the household variance for systolic blood pressure decreased with increasing SES.

Conclusion: These results show a significant change in the GxE interaction underlying the major components of MS in response to changes in socioeconomic status. Further mRNA sequencing studies will identify genes and canonical gene pathways to support our molecular-level hypotheses.
Compositional features analysis by machine learning in genome represents linear adaptation of monkeypox virus
Authors: Zhang Sen , Li Ya-Dan , Cai Yu-Rong , Kang Xiao-Ping , Feng Ye , Li Yu-Chang , Chen Yue-Hong , Li Jing , Bao Li-Li , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The global headlines have been dominated by the sudden and widespread outbreak of monkeypox, a rare and endemic zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Genomic composition based machine learning (ML) methods have recently shown promise in identifying host adaptability and evolutionary patterns of virus. Our study aimed to analyze the genomic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of MPXV using ML methods.

Methods: The open reading frame (ORF) regions of full-length MPXV genomes were filtered and 165 ORFs were selected as clusters with the highest homology. Unsupervised machine learning methods of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering were performed to observe the DCR characteristics of the selected ORF clusters.

Results: The results showed that MPXV sequences post-2022 showed an obvious linear adaptive evolution, indicating that it has become more adapted to the human host after accumulating mutations. For further accurate analysis, the ORF regions with larger variations were filtered out based on the ranking of homology difference to narrow down the key ORF clusters, which drew the same conclusion of linear adaptability. Then key differential protein structures were predicted by AlphaFold 2, which meant that difference in main domains might be one of the internal reasons for linear adaptive evolution.

Discussion: Understanding the process of linear adaptation is critical in the constant evolutionary struggle between viruses and their hosts, playing a significant role in crafting effective measures to tackle viral diseases. Therefore, the present study provides valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of the MPXV in 2022 from the perspective of genomic composition characteristics analysis through ML methods.
Asymmetric T-cell division: insights from cutting-edge experimental techniques and implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Kaminskiy Yaroslav , Ganeeva Irina , Chasov Vitaly , Kudriaeva Anna , Bulatov Emil
Published: March 2024

Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental process conserved throughout evolution, employed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Its significance lies in its ability to govern cell fate and facilitate the generation of diverse cell types. Therefore, attaining a detailed mechanistic understanding of asymmetric cell division becomes essential for unraveling the complexities of cell fate determination in both healthy and pathological conditions. However, the role of asymmetric division in T-cell biology has only recently been unveiled. Here, we provide an overview of the T-cell asymmetric division field with the particular emphasis on experimental methods and models with the aim to guide the researchers in the selection of appropriate in vitro/in vivo models to study asymmetric division in T cells. We present a comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms governing the asymmetric division in various T-cell subsets underscoring the importance of the asymmetry in fate-determining factor segregation and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, the intricate interplay of T-cell receptor signaling and the asymmetric division geometry are explored, shedding light on the spatial organization and the impact on cellular fate.
Deep analysis of skin molecular heterogeneities and their significance on the precise treatment of patients with psoriasis
Authors: Zhang Shengxiao , Chang Minjing , Zheng Leilei , Wang Can , Zhao Rong , Song Shan , Hao Jiawei , Zhang Lecong , Wang Caihong , Li Xiaofeng
Published: March 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a highly heterogeneous autoinflammatory disease. At present, heterogeneity in disease has not been adequately translated into concrete treatment options. Our aim was to develop and verify a new stratification scheme that identifies the heterogeneity of psoriasis by the integration of large-scale transcriptomic profiles, thereby identifying patient subtypes and providing personalized treatment options whenever possible.

Methods

We performed functional enrichment and network analysis of upregulated differentially expressed genes using microarray datasets of lesional and non-lesional skin samples from 250 psoriatic patients. Unsupervised clustering methods were used to identify the skin subtypes. Finally, an Xgboost classifier was utilized to predict the effects of methotrexate and commonly prescribed biologics on skin subtypes.

Results

Based on the 163 upregulated differentially expressed genes, psoriasis patients were categorized into three subtypes (subtypes A–C). Immune cells and proinflammatory-related pathways were markedly activated in subtype A, named immune activation. Contrastingly, subtype C, named stroma proliferation, was enriched in integrated stroma cells and tissue proliferation-related signaling pathways. Subtype B was modestly activated in all the signaling pathways. Notably, subtypes A and B presented good responses to methotrexate and interleukin-12/23 inhibitors (ustekinumab) but inadequate responses to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors and interleukin-17A receptor inhibitors. Contrastly, subtype C exhibited excellent responses to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (etanercept) and interleukin-17A receptor inhibitors (brodalumab) but not methotrexate and interleukin-12/23 inhibitors.

Conclusions

Psoriasis patients can be assorted into three subtypes with different molecular and cellular characteristics based on the heterogeneity of the skin's immune cells and the stroma, determining the clinical responses of conventional therapies.
Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects against murine MC903-induced skin inflammation by downregulating TSLP
Authors: Gupta Anupriya , Song Mi Hye , Youn Dong Hyuk , Ku Dohyeon , Sasidharan Nair Varun , Oh Kwonik
Published: March 2024

Previously, we reported an anti-inflammatory effect of mTORC1 in a mouse model of type 2 skin inflammation. TSLP, one of the epithelial cell-derived cytokines, was upregulated by Raptor deficiency or rapamycin treatment, which was inhibited by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). However, it remains unclear how DMOG regulates TSLP expression and type 2 skin inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of DMOG on MC903 (calcipotriol)-induced type 2 skin inflammation. Morphological and immunological changes were assessed by H-E staining, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. DMOG treatment attenuated MC903-induced skin inflammation in a T cell-independent manner. The anti-inflammatory effect of DMOG was accompanied by downregulation of TSLP and IL-33, and supplementation with recombinant TSLP and IL-33 abolished the effect of DMOG. MC903 increased ROS levels in skin tissue, which was prevented by DMOG. Furthermore, the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) downregulated TSLP and ameliorated MC903-induced skin inflammation, as did DMOG. Finally, the effect of DMOG on ROS and TSLP was reduced by HIF knockdown. These results suggest that DMOG downregulates TSLP and ROS through the HIF pathway, which reduces MC903-induced skin inflammation.
Exercise intensity governs tumor control in mice with breast cancer
Authors: Gomes-Santos Igor L. , Kumar Ashwin S. , Hausmann Franziska , Meyer Max N. , Shiferaw Sarah Z. , Amoozgar Zohreh , Jain Rakesh K. , Fukumura Dai
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Exercise is recommended as an adjunct therapy in cancer, but its effectiveness varies. Our hypothesis is that the benefit depends on the exercise intensity.

Methods

We subjected mice to low intensity (Li), moderate intensity (Mi) or high intensity (Hi) exercise, or untrained control (Co) groups based on their individual maximal running capacity.

Results

We found that exercise intensity played a critical role in tumor control. Only Mi exercise delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor burden, whereas Li or Hi exercise failed to exert similar antitumor effects. While both Li and Mi exercise normalized the tumor vasculature, only Mi exercise increased tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cells, that also displayed enhanced effector function (higher proliferation and expression of CD69, INFγ, GzmB). Moreover, exercise induced an intensity-dependent mobilization of CD8+ T cells into the bloodstream.

Conclusion

These findings shed light on the intricate relationship between exercise intensity and cancer, with implications for personalized and optimal exercise prescriptions for tumor control.
Identification of immunological patterns characterizing immune-related psoriasis reactions in oncological patients in therapy with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Morelli Martina , Carbone Maria Luigia , Scaglione Giovanni Luca , Scarponi Claudia , Di Francesco Valentina , Pallotta Sabatino , De Galitiis Federica , Rahimi Siavash , Madonna Stefania , Failla Cristina Maria , Albanesi Cristina
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Immunotherapy with biologics targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is highly effective in the treatment of various malignancies. Nevertheless, it is frequently responsible for unexpected cutaneous manifestations, including psoriasis-like dermatitis. The pathogenesis of anti-PD-1-induced psoriasis has yet to be clarified, even though it is plausible that some innate and adaptive immunity processes are in common with canonical psoriasis. The genetic predisposition to psoriasis of patients could also be a contributing factor. Here, we investigated the immunological and genetic profiles of two patients with metastatic melanoma and one patient affected by lung cancer, who developed severe psoriasis after receiving anti-PD-1 nivolumab therapy.

Methods

The immune patterns of the three patients were compared with those detectable in classical, chronic plaque-type psoriasis or paradoxical psoriasis induced by anti-TNF-α therapy, mostly sustained by adaptive and innate immunity processes, respectively. Therefore, immunohistochemistry and mRNA analyses of innate and adaptive immunity molecules were conducted on skin biopsy of patients. Genetic analysis of polymorphisms predisposing to psoriasis was carried out by NGS technology.

Results

We found that anti-PD-1-induced psoriasis showed immunological features similar to chronic psoriasis, characterized by the presence of cellular players of adaptive immunity, with abundant CD3+, CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells infiltrating skin lesions, and producing IL-23, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17. On the contrary, a lower number of innate immunity cells (BDCA2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD15+ neutrophils, CD117+ mast cells) and reduced IFN-α/β, lymphotoxin (LT)-α/β, were observed in anti-PD-1-induced psoriasis lesions, as compared with anti-TNF-α-induced paradoxical psoriasis. Importantly, the disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing thrombospondin type 1 motif-like 5 (ADAMTSL5) psoriasis autoantigen was significantly upregulated in psoriasis lesions of anti-PD-1-treated patients, at levels comparable with chronic plaque-type psoriasis. Finally, NGS analysis revealed that all patients carried several allelic variants in psoriasis susceptibility genes, such as HLA-C, ERAP1 and other genes of the major psoriasis susceptibility PSORS1 locus.

Discussion

Our study showed that adaptive immunity predominates over innate immunity in anti-PD-1-induced psoriasis lesions, consistently with the local ADAMTSL5 overexpression. The presence of numerous SNPs in psoriasis susceptibility genes of the three patients also suggested their strong predisposition to the disease.