bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of anticholinergic burden scales to explain iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: results from the multicenter FACE-SZ cohort
Authors: Vidal Nathan , Roux Paul , Urbach Mathieu , Belmonte Cristobal , Boyer Laurent , Capdevielle Delphine , Clauss-Kobayashi Julie , D’Amato Thierry , Dassing Romane , Dubertret Caroline , Dubreucq Julien , Fond Guillaume , Honciuc Roxana-Mihaela , Leignier Sylvain , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Mallet Jasmina , Misdrahi David , Pignon Baptiste , Rey Romain , Schürhoff Franck , Tessier Arnaud ,   the FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise—Schizophrenia) Group, Passerieux Christine , Brunet-Gouet Eric
Published: June 2024

Aim

The anticholinergic properties of medications are associated with poorer cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Numerous scales have been developed to assess anticholinergic burden and yet, there is no consensus indicating which anticholinergic burden scale is more relevant for patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to identify valid scales for estimating the risk of iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Methods

We identified 27 scales in a literature review. The responses to neuropsychological tests of 839 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the FACE-SZ database were collected between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the association between objective global cognitive performance and the 27 scales, the number of psychotropic drugs, and chlorpromazine and lorazepam equivalents in bivariable regressions in a cross-sectional design. We then adjusted the bivariable models with covariates: the predictors significantly associated with cognitive performance in multiple linear regressions were considered to have good concurrent validity to assess cognitive performance.

Results

Eight scales, the number of psychotropic drugs, and drug equivalents were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The number of psychotropic drugs, the most convenient predictor to compute, was associated with worse executive function (Standardized β = −0.12, p = .004) and reasoning (Standardized β = −0.08, p = .037).

Conclusion

Anticholinergic burden, the number of psychotropic drugs, and drug equivalents were weakly associated with cognition, thus suggesting that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is explained by factors other than medication. The number of psychotropic drugs was the most parsimonious method to assess the risk of iatrogenic cognitive impairment.
Semantic segmentation of microbial alterations based on SegFormer
Authors: Elmessery Wael M. , Maklakov Danil V. , El-Messery Tamer M. , Baranenko Denis A. , Gutiérrez Joaquín , Shams Mahmoud Y. , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd , Elsayed Salah , Alhag Sadeq K. , Moghanm Farahat S. , Mulyukin Maksim A. , Petrova Yuliya Yu. , Elwakeel Abdallah E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Precise semantic segmentation of microbial alterations is paramount for their evaluation and treatment. This study focuses on harnessing the SegFormer segmentation model for precise semantic segmentation of strawberry diseases, aiming to improve disease detection accuracy under natural acquisition conditions.

Methods

Three distinct Mix Transformer encoders - MiT-B0, MiT-B3, and MiT-B5 - were thoroughly analyzed to enhance disease detection, targeting diseases such as Angular leaf spot, Anthracnose rot, Blossom blight, Gray mold, Leaf spot, Powdery mildew on fruit, and Powdery mildew on leaves. The dataset consisted of 2,450 raw images, expanded to 4,574 augmented images. The Segment Anything Model integrated into the Roboflow annotation tool facilitated efficient annotation and dataset preparation.

Results

The results reveal that MiT-B0 demonstrates balanced but slightly overfitting behavior, MiT-B3 adapts rapidly with consistent training and validation performance, and MiT-B5 offers efficient learning with occasional fluctuations, providing robust performance. MiT-B3 and MiT-B5 consistently outperformed MiT-B0 across disease types, with MiT-B5 achieving the most precise segmentation in general.

Discussion

The findings provide key insights for researchers to select the most suitable encoder for disease detection applications, propelling the field forward for further investigation. The success in strawberry disease analysis suggests potential for extending this approach to other crops and diseases, paving the way for future research and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Effect analysis of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of first-episode adolescent depression
Authors: Jiao Long , Chen Tingting , Huang Yuanyuan , Huang Xiaoqin
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with fluoxetine in enhancing the early antidepressant response in first-episode adolescent depression cases, providing insights for patient diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

One hundred and thirty-five adolescents experiencing their first depressive episode were randomly assigned to either a sham group treated with fluoxetine or to low or high repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) groups receiving both rTMS and fluoxetine. Therapeutic effects were assessed by comparing changes in Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) scores, cognitive function scores from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Clinical Global Impression-improvement (CGI-I) scores, along with recording adverse reactions.

Results

The total effectiveness rate in the rTMS groups (Low, 95.56%; High, 97.78%) was significantly higher than in the Sham rTMS group (80%) (F = 11.15, P<0.0001). Post-treatment, not only the Low but also the High rTMS group exhibited more significant reductions in HAMD-17 (Low, 21.05; High, 21.45) and CGI-I scores (Low, 3.44; High, 3.60) compared to the Sham rTMS group (HAMD-17, 16.05; CGI-I, 2.57) (two weeks: F = 7.889, P = 0.0006; four weeks: F = 15.900, P<0.0001). Additionally, the two rTMS groups exhibited fewer erroneous responses and persistent errors in the WCST and completed more WCST categorizations than the Sham rTMS group. There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rates between the groups (F=4.421, P=0.0794).

Conclusions

The combination of fluoxetine with rTMS demonstrates enhanced therapeutic effectiveness in treating adolescent depression, effectively controlling disease progression, reducing depressive symptoms, and improving cognitive function, making it a valuable clinical approach.
Exploring relationships between social media use, online exposure to drug-related content, and youth substance use in real time: a pilot ecological momentary assessment study in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults
Authors: Gansner Meredith , Horton Anna Katharine , Singh Rasika , Schuman-Olivier Zev
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Rising rates of adolescent overdose deaths attributed to counterfeit prescription drugs purchased using social media have drawn national attention to how these platforms might influence substance use. Research suggests a significant relationship exists between exposure to substance-related social media content and use of drugs and alcohol, but most studies are cross-sectional and limited by recall bias. This study used an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol to collect longitudinal data on social media use and online drug-related exposures associated with youth substance use.

Methods

Participants, aged 12–23, receiving mental health treatment from a U.S. community-based hospital, joined a six-week, smartphone-based EMA protocol. Each day, participants completed a modified CRAFFT screen for daily substance use and a survey on substance-related online content exposure, and input data from their smartphone screen time reports. Analyses employed mixed effects logistic regression models to explore relationships between substance-related online exposures, substance and social media use.

Results

Data was obtained from 25 youth, predominantly white non-Hispanic/Latinx (56.0%) and female (64.0%). Participants had significantly higher odds of substance use on days when exposed to substance-related digital content posted by peers (OR: 19.6). They were also more likely to report these exposures (OR: 7.7) and use substances (OR: 29.6) on days when Snapchat was one of their most frequently used smartphone applications.

Discussion

Our results support existing concerns about specific social media platforms being potential mediators of youth substance use. Future EMA studies in larger cohorts should explore the role of social media platforms in substance procurement.
A bibliometric analysis review of the Pennisetum (1970–2023)
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Junqin , Wang Xiangtao , Yang Yuting , Zhou Zijun , Deng Xiaolin , Gao Yang , Wang Puchang
Published: June 2024

Pennisetum, a herbaceous plant belonging to the Poaceae family, is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and encompasses ~140 species. Its versatility is evidenced by its applications in forage, paper weaving, soil erosion control, and energy production. Current research on Pennisetum spans diverse fields including hay production, molecular breeding, and heavy metal absorption. However, this body of research is marked by redundancy, with a lack of clear focus. This article employs bibliometric methods to analyze the key research areas topics from 1970 to 2023. It also further discusses the future research direction of Pennisetum. Over the past five decades, research on Pennisetum has seen a significant increase, primarily concentrating on cultivation and breeding, ecological restoration, and industrial applications. These domains have become pivotal in advancing Pennisetum-related research. The paper also forecasts future innovations in Pennisetum research, focusing on molecular breeding, agricultural management, and novel material development. As a seminal contribution, this study offers a comprehensive graphical overview of Pennisetum research, establishing a foundational resource for ongoing scientific discourse.
Accuracy and safety of freehand vs. end-on fluoroscopic guided drill-hole placement in canine cadaveric thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae
Authors: Driver Colin J. , Nores Victor Alves , Thatcher Heidi , Navarro-Carrillo Maria , Rose Jeremy
Published: June 2024

Objective

To develop and evaluate the safety and accuracy of an open, end-on fluoroscopic guided (EOFG) drill hole position technique in canine cadaveric spinal surgery, in comparison to a traditional free-hand (FH) drilling technique.

Study design

Cadaveric comparison study.

Animals

Canine cadaveric vertebral columns (n = 4).

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for in-silico planning. Ideal implant purchase depth and angulations were determined from previously published data. Plans for end-on fluoroscopic guided drill holes included angled reconstructions in thick slab mode to mimic fluoroscopic images. Following surgical preparation of T8 to S2, holes were drilled by one of two experienced surgeons randomized evenly by operated side, surgeon, and technique. C-arm fluoroscopy was utilized for the end-on technique. CT was repeated after the procedures. Safety was determined categorically using a modified Zdichavsky classification and “optimal” placement was compared between techniques. Continuous data for drill-hole accuracy was calculated as angle and depth deviations from the planned trajectories. Data sets were analyzed at both univariable and multivariable levels with logistic regression analysis.

Results

Drill hole safety was categorized as optimal (modified Zdichavsky classification 1) in 51/60 (85%) of drill holes using EOFG and 33/60 (55%) using FH (P < 0.001) techniques. There were no “unsafe” holes (modified Zdichavsky classification 3a). Optimal drill hole placement was significantly associated with the EOFG technique and use of the largest cadaver, and was significantly less likely within the thoracic region. Mean angle and depth deviations were significantly lower with the EOFG technique. Angle deviations were significantly lower for EOFG in the lumbar region, whereas bone purchase deviations were significantly lower for EOFG in both the thoracic and lumbar regions. The mean time taken to drill the hole was significantly longer for the EOFG technique.

Conclusion

Optimal drill hole placement was significantly more likely with the EOFG technique and improved the accuracy of bone purchase in the thoracic region.

Clinical significance

The EOFG technique shows promise for translation into a clinically setting, potentially improving implant purchase and therefore stabilizing construct strength, whilst potentially reducing the likelihood of neurovascular injury and need for surgical revision.
Research on the Deviation Correction Control of a Tracked Drilling and Anchoring Robot in a Tunnel Environment
Authors: Wang Chuanwei , Ma Hongwei , Xue Xusheng , Mao Qinghua , Song Jinquan , Wang Rongquan , Liu Qi
Published: June 2024

In response to the challenges of multiple personnel, heavy support tasks, and high labor intensity in coal mine tunnel drilling and anchoring operations, this study proposes a novel tracked drilling and anchoring robot. The robot is required to maintain alignment with the centerline of the tunnel during operation. However, owing to the effects of skidding and slipping between the track mechanism and the floor, the precise control of a drilling and anchoring robot in tunnel environments is difficult to achieve. Through an analysis of the body and track mechanisms of the drilling and anchoring robot, a kinematic model reflecting the pose, steering radius, steering curvature, and angular velocity of the drive wheel of the drilling and anchoring robot was established. This facilitated the determination of speed control requirements for the track mechanism under varying driving conditions. Mathematical models were developed to describe the relationships between a tracked drilling and anchoring robot and several key factors in tunnel environments, including the minimum steering space required by the robot, the minimum relative steering radius, the steering angle, and the lateral distance to the sidewalls. Based on these models, deviation-correction control strategies were formulated for the robot, and deviation-correction path planning was completed. In addition, a PID motion controller was developed for the robot, and trajectory-tracking control simulation experiments were conducted. The experimental results indicate that the tracked drilling and anchoring robot achieves precise control of trajectory tracking, with a tracking error of less than 0.004 m in the x-direction from the tunnel centerline and less than 0.001 m in the y-direction. Considering the influence of skidding, the deviation correction control performance test experiments of the tracked drilling and anchoring robot at dy = 0.5 m away from the tunnel centerline were completed. In the experiments, the tracked drilling and anchoring robot exhibited a significant difference in speed between the two sides of the tracks with a track skid rate of 0.22. Although the real-time tracking maximum error in the y-direction from the tunnel centerline was 0.13 m, the final error was 0.003 m, meeting the requirements for position deviation control of the drilling and anchoring robot in tunnel environments. These research findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the intelligent control of tracked mobile devices in coal mine tunnels, with significant theoretical and engineering implications.
Unlocking the Potential of Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium for Enhanced Growth and Symbiotic Responses in Soybean Varieties under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Beruk Haimanot , Yoseph Tarekegn , Ayalew Tewodros
Published: June 2024

Soybean is a crucial crop for sustainable agriculture development as it forms symbiotic relationships with rhizobia species. The effectiveness of inoculants in symbiosis, however, relies on the compatibility of the strain with a specific legume crop variety. This study assessed the symbiotic efficiency of eight Bradyrhizobium strains (SB-36, SB-37, SD-47, SD-50, SD-51, SD-53, SB-113, and SB-120) with five soybean varieties (Gishama, Awassa-95, Boshe, Hawassa-04, and Jalale) using sand culture. The experiment was arranged in a factorial, completely randomized design with three replicates. Data were collected on plant growth, and symbiotic effectiveness indices and subjected to statistical analysis using R software v4.3.1. The results revealed marked differences (p < 0.001) between the varieties, rhizobial strains, and their combined effects on all traits examined. The Jalale variety inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains SB-113 and SD-53 produced the highest nodules per plant. When inoculated with SD-53, Awassa-95 demonstrated the highest relative symbiotic effectiveness [129.68%], closely followed by the Boshe variety [128.44%] when inoculated with the same strain. All strains exhibited high relative symbiotic effectiveness (>80%) with Awassa-95 and Boshe varieties. The highest absolute symbiotic effectiveness was observed in the Gishama variety inoculated with the SD-53 strain followed by Boshe and Awassa-95 varieties inoculated with this same strain. Notably, strain SD-53 demonstrated remarkable efficiency with the varieties Gishama, Boshe, and Awassa-95 based on both relative and absolute symbiotic effectiveness indices. Varieties inoculated with the SD-53 strain produced deeper green leaves. This study revealed the importance of Bradyrhizobium inoculation to improve soybean performance, for which the SD-53 strain performed best among the strains considered in the current experiment. Therefore, it is plausible to recommend inoculating soybeans with Bradyrhizobium strain SD-53 with prior field evaluation.
Transcriptome and Flavonoid Compounds Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Heat Stress in Rhododendron with Exogenously Applied Calcium
Authors: Shen Jianshuang , Rong Xianlin , Li Xueqin , Ma Yulei , Cheng Hefeng , Sheng Jiaran , Huang Lu , Jin Songheng
Published: June 2024

Rhododendron plants have ornamental, commercial, and medicinal value to people. Flavonoids are one of the components used in traditional remedies, and Rhododendron plants are found to be rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids can reduce the risk of human disease and participate in the regulation of antioxidant defense systems in response to heat stress. Rhododendron prefers cold climates, so the relatively high temperatures of cities affect the extraction of medicinal ingredients and limit the cultivation environment. Recent studies found that the exogenous application of calcium acts to alleviate heat stress in Rhododendron plants. This study explores the mechanism by which exogenous calcium alleviates heat stress and the role of flavonoids in regulating the antioxidative system in Rhododendron × pulchrum Sweet using combined transcriptomic and metabolomic methods. The activities of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide enzymes were found to increase in response to heat stress and external CaCl2 in the leaves of R. × pulchrum. In total, 433 metabolic components and 370 DEGs were identified as being differentially expressed in response to heat stress and external calcium chloride (CaCl2) in the leaves of R. × pulchrum. These results illustrate that heat stress induces oxidative stress and that external CaCl2 can enhance the heat tolerance of Rhododendron. Flavonoid compounds are responsible for the antioxidant scavenging of reactive oxygen species in R. × pulchrum leaves exposed to heat stress and external calcium.
Analytical and Clinical Interference of Sample Hemolysis in Evaluating Blood Biochemical and Endocrine Parameters in Cows
Authors: Kovačević Dražen , Cincović Marko , Majkić Mira , Spasojević Jovan , Djoković Radojica , Nikolić Sandra , Došenović Marinković Maja , Delić Vujanović Biljana , Obradović Nemanja , Anđušić Ljiljana , Čukić Aleksandar , Petrović Miloš , Starič Jože , Ježek Jožica
Published: June 2024

Hemolysis is a common cause of errors in laboratory tests as it affects blood parameters and leads to a positive or negative bias. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of hemolysis (expressed as cell-free hemoglobin concentration, g/L) and the variability of metabolic and endocrine parameters and to determine the threshold level of hemolysis that causes an analytically and clinically significant bias for the twenty most frequently examined blood parameters in cows. Paired blood samples of 10 mL each were obtained from 30 cows. One was subjected to mechanical trauma and plasma was extracted directly from the other. Hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed samples from the same animal were mixed to obtain final samples with cell-free hemoglobin concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/L. Metabolic and endocrine parameters were measured in the samples and their deviation and the linear equation between the level of hemolysis and the deviation were determined. The following threshold values of hemolysis were determined, which correspond to the acceptable analytical (lower value) and clinical (upper value) levels of parameter variability: BHB 0.96 and 4.81; NEFA 0.39 and 3.31; GLU 0.38 and 3.90; ALB 1.12 and 6.11; TPROT 1.40 and 6.80; UREA 6.62 and 20.1; TBIL 0.75 and 5.65; AST 0.11 and 2.18; GGT 1.71 and 8.90, LDH 0.01 and 0.11, ALP 0.97 and 2.95; TGC 1.56 and 15.5; CHOL 1.29 and 8.56; Ca 5.68 and 25.7; P 0.57 and 8.43; Mg 1.10 and 8.47; INS 1.15 and 3.89; T3 8.19 and 15.6; T4 8.97 and 18.5; and CORT 2.78 and 11.22 g/L cell-free hemoglobin. Three decision levels are available for each metabolic and endocrine parameter: if hemolysis is below the lower (analytical) threshold value, results can be reported without restriction; if hemolysis is between the lower and upper thresholds, the results can be issued with guidance in the form of corrective linear equations; and if hemolysis is above the upper (clinical) threshold, the results and sample must be discarded. This method contributes to an optimal approach to hemolysis interference with metabolic profile parameters in blood samples from cows.
Bibliometric Analysis on Equine-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Amado-Fuentes María , Denche-Zamorano Angel , Barrios-Fernandez Sabina , Gozalo Margarita
Published: June 2024

Equine Assisted Interventions (EAIs) integrate the active participation of horses in therapeutic or educational interventions. A bibliometric analysis was carried out on this topic, using traditional bibliometric laws and recommendations. For this purpose, a search on the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database was carried out, obtaining 333 documents. Annual publications followed an exponentially increasing trend (R2 = 86%), pointing out that this topic is a growing interest among researchers, publishers, and journals. The USA was the most productive country worldwide and Jeong-yi Kwon and Ji Lee were the prolific co-authors. The WoS category with the highest number of papers was Rehabilitation (84 papers). The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, and Pediatric Physical Therapy were the journals with the highest number of publications. The most cited paper was “State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy”. The most used author keywords were rehabilitation, balance, and those related to specific populations such as Cerebral Palsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder. These results suggest that EAIs is a topic of increasing interest for researchers, editors, and professionals.
Ultrastructure of the Bovine Testis in Cattle (Bos taurus): New View
Authors: Michałek Katarzyna , Grabowska Marta , Oberska Patrycja , Gączarzewicz Dariusz , Syczewski Andrzej , Tripon Septimiu Cassian , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian , Suciu Maria
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of the testes of sexually immature calves and reproductive bulls of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White breed. Utilizing TEM, this study identified three distinct stages of seminiferous tubule development in calves, characterized by varying shapes, distributions, and arrangements of individual cells. In immature animals, early developing spermatocytes, prespermatogonia, and pre-Sertoli cells were observed within the seminiferous tubules. In sexually mature bulls, all cells of the spermatogenic series were observed, situated on a thin, multilayered basal lamina, which forms characteristic undulations. An abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia in both groups of animals, forming characteristic membranous swirls. In adult bulls, spermatogonia maintain contact with each other through numerous cytoplasmic bridges and cell connections, forming small spaces with visible microvilli between them. The ultrastructural analysis facilitated the identification of morphological changes occurring during the maturation of pre-Sertoli cells, transitioning from a large euchromatic nucleus to a nucleus in which the formation of characteristic vesicles and tubules could be observed. It should also be emphasized that two types of Sertoli cells, namely dark and light electron-dense cells, can be found in cattle. These cells differ from each other, indicating that they may perform different functions. The widespread recognition of the presence of two types of Sertoli cells in cattle will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of the processes occurring within the testes and provide a basis for further research in this area.
Genetic Foundation of Male Spur Length and Its Correlation with Female Egg Production in Chickens
Authors: Chen Anqi , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiurong , Wang Gang , Zhang Xinye , Ren Xufang , Zhang Yalan , Cheng Xue , Yu Xiaofan , Wang Huie , Guo Menghan , Jiang Xiaoyu , Mei Xiaohan , Wei Guozhen , Wang Xue , Jiang Runshen , Guo Xing , Ning Zhonghua , Qu Lujiang
Published: June 2024

Spurs, which mainly appear in roosters, are protrusions near the tarsometatarsus on both sides of the calves of chickens, and are connected to the tarsometatarsus by a bony core. As a male-biased morphological characteristic, the diameter and length of spurs vary significantly between different individuals, mainly related to genetics and age. As a specific behavior of hens, egg-laying also varies greatly between individuals in terms of traits such as age at first egg (AFE), egg weight (EW), and so on. At present, there are few studies on chicken spurs. In this study, we investigated the inheritance pattern of the spur trait in roosters with different phenotypes and the correlations between spur length, body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18), shank length at 18 weeks of age (SL18), and the egg-laying trait in hens (both hens and roosters were from the same population and were grouped according to their family). These traits related to egg production included AFE, body weight at first egg (BWA), and first egg weight (FEW). We estimated genetic parameters based on pedigree and phenotype data, and used variance analysis to calculate broad-sense heritability for correcting the parameter estimation results. The results showed that the heritability of male left and right spurs ranged from 0.6 to 0.7. There were significant positive correlations between left and right spur length, BW18, SL18, and BWA, as well as between left and right spur length and AFE. We selected 35 males with the longest spurs and 35 males with the shortest spurs in the population, and pooled them into two sets to obtain the pooled genome sequencing data. After genome-wide association and genome divergency analysis by FST, allele frequency differences (AFDs), and XPEHH methods, we identified 7 overlapping genes (CENPE, FAT1, FAM149A, MANBA, NFKB1, SORBS2, UBE2D3) and 14 peak genes (SAMD12, TSPAN5, ENSGALG00000050071, ENSGALG00000053133, ENSGALG00000050348, CNTN5, TRPC6, ENSGALG00000047655,TMSB4X, LIX1, CKB, NEBL, PRTFDC1, MLLT10) related to left and right spur length through genome-wide selection signature analysis and a genome-wide association approach. Our results identified candidate genes associated with chicken spurs, which helps to understand the genetic mechanism of this trait and carry out subsequent research around it.
Serological and Community Awareness Study of Lumpy Skin Disease in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Moje Nebyou , Seifu Adane , Hailegebreal Gizachew , Shegu Dereje , Montagnaro Serena , Ferrara Gianmarco
Published: June 2024

The lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination status and epidemiological distribution remain unknown in some parts of Ethiopia, including the Sidama regional state. In this study, a serological survey of LSD was performed using a specific virus neutralization assay in selected districts of the Sidama regional state representing three agroecological zones from September 2021 to June 2022. Moreover, an assessment of community awareness and LSD vaccine-related problems was conducted using a questionnaire. Our results showed an overall animal and herd level seroprevalence of 40.8% (95%CI = 35.8, 45.8) and 81% (95%CI = 77, 85), respectively. High and low seroprevalence were observed in lowland (48%) and highland (28%) areas, although they were not statistically significant. However, risk factors such as management systems and breeds showed substantial differences in their LSD prevalence. The results obtained through the questionnaire showed that a small portion of respondents (29.2%) know about LSD and vaccinate their cattle (23.3%) against this disease. Only 20.8% of the respondents stated that there was LSD occurrence in their vaccinated cattle. In conclusion, both qualitative and quantitative study results showed the need for intervention in terms of community-based awareness creation about LSD clinical signs and vaccination advantages together with the frequently updated information on LSD prevalence.
A Case Series of Four Dogs Presenting with Neurological Deficits Due to Suspected Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism after Being Fed an Exclusive Diet of Raw Meat
Authors: Nowak Lina , van Loon Suzanne , Hagen-Plantinga Esther , Bergknut Niklas
Published: June 2024

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) in dogs is a condition that develops in response to a vitamin D deficiency or an imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in dog food. Puppies of large-breed dogs exclusively fed a non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diet are especially susceptible to developing NSH due to their elevated calcium requirement. Reports on NSH in companion animals have been sparse in the last decades due to dog owners having easy access to commercially balanced dog foods. However, with the rising popularity of meat-based raw feeding, this condition has re-emerged. In this case series, four large-breed puppies fed exclusively non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diets presented with complaints of acute onset of pain and paresis. Radiographs and/or computed tomography (CT) scans showed reduced radio density of the skeleton in all four puppies. Two of the dogs had pathological fractures, and these two puppies were euthanized. One was subjected to a post mortem examination, which revealed cortical bone resorption and hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands. The remaining two puppies rapidly improved after receiving pain medication and a commercial, balanced diet. This case series demonstrates a risk of young dogs developing severe neurological deficits when fed a non-supplemented, boneless raw meat diet.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock: A Serious Threat to Public Health
Authors: Bava Roberto , Castagna Fabio , Lupia Carmine , Poerio Giusi , Liguori Giovanna , Lombardi Renato , Naturale Maria Diana , Mercuri Caterina , Bulotta Rosa Maria , Britti Domenico , Palma Ernesto
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance represents an alarming public health problem; its importance is related to the significant clinical implications (increased morbidity, mortality, disease duration, development of comorbidities, and epidemics), as well as its economic effects on the healthcare sector. In fact, therapeutic options are severely limited by the advent and spread of germs resistant to many antibiotics. The situation worldwide is worrying, especially in light of the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria—Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii—which are frequently isolated in hospital environments and, more specifically, in intensive care units. The problem is compounded by the ineffective treatment of infections by patients who often self-prescribe therapy. Resistant bacteria also show resistance to the latest generation antibiotics, such as carbapenems. In fact, superbacteria, grouped under the acronym extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL), are becoming common. Antibiotic resistance is also found in the livestock sector, with serious repercussions on animal production. In general, this phenomenon affects all members of the biosphere and can only be addressed by adopting a holistic “One Health” approach. In this literature overview, a stock is taken of what has been learned about antibiotic resistance, and suggestions are proposed to stem its advance.
Characteristics of Nontyphoid Salmonella Isolated from Human, Environmental, Animal, and Food Samples in Burkina Faso: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Traore Kuan Abdoulaye , Aboubacar-Paraiso Abdoul Rachid , Bouda Soutongnooma Caroline , Ouoba Jean Bienvenue , Kagambèga Assèta , Roques Pierre , Barro Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Salmonella is one of the world’s leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to public health and food safety. Herein, we employed a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in NTS in Burkina Faso. To find eligible articles, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the gray literature (university libraries) in Burkina was conducted for the period from 2008 to 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationships between serotypes and resistant strains from humans, animals, food, and the environment, a random-effects statistical model meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 program. The NTS prevalence rates were 4.6% (95% CI: 3–7) and 20.1% (95% CI: 6.6–47.4) in humans and animals, respectively, and 16.8% (95% CI: 10.5–25.8) and 15.6% (95% CI: 8.2–27.5) in food and the environment, respectively. Most NTS serovars were S. Derby, reported both in food and animals, and S. Typhimurium, reported in humans, while S. Croft II, S. Jodpur II, and S. Kentucky were the most prevalent in the environment. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, and cephalothin, with a pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance of 29% (95% CI: 14.5–49.5). The results of this review show a high diversity of Salmonella serotypes, as well as high antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from animal, human, food, and environmental samples in Burkina, calling for a consolidated “One Health” approach to better understand the drivers of pathogen emergence, spread, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the formulation of intervention measures needed to limit the risk associated with the disease.
Sports Performance Analysis of Wheelchair Basketball Players Considering Functional Classification
Authors: Hernández-Beltrán Víctor , Castelli Correia de Campos Luis Felipe , Espada Mário C. , Gamonales José M.
Published: June 2024

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a sport modality adapted for people with disabilities who present functional classification (FC) according to their mobility, from 1.0 for players with lesser functional capacity up to 4.5 for great mobility and trunk control players. This study aimed to analyze and compare the external load (EL) and the internal load (IL) of the WB players according to their FC in 5 × 5 simulation game tasks. The main objective of this task was to develop a simulated game in which two teams of five players faced each other to resemble the physical demands of an official match. The development of these tasks allowed for the players to learn the different systems of play, and to improve tactical skills. To conduct the study, 12 (male) national professional WB players (years: 30.7 ± 4.82 and WB experience: 5 ± 1.43) participated in the study and were grouped according to FC. WIMU PROTM devices monitored the EL manufactured by RealTrack Systems in Almería, Spain, and to measure the player’s IL, GarminTM Heart Rate (HR) bands were used (GarminTM in Olathe, KS, USA). The EL variables were divided as kinematic (distance, explosive distance, acc, dec, max. acc, max. dec, average speed, max. speed) and neuromuscular (player load, impact). The IL variables were average HR, max. HR and %max. HR. The main results show that players with greater functional capacity (FC = 4.0) developed higher values in the IL and neuromuscular variables analyzed (p < 0.05), as well as in some kinematic variables like distance, dec and average speed (p < 0.05). This information is relevant because it helps to personalize the training load based on competitive demands and create a gradual and adaptable training program. This information helps athletes to develop better performance during training and prevent injuries caused by overexertion.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Evolutionary Data-Driven Prediction Model and Particle Swarm Optimization Optimizer for an Overhead Crane
Authors: Kusznir Tom , Smoczek Jarosław
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a new approach to the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) of an underactuated overhead crane system developed using a data-driven prediction model obtained utilizing the regularized genetic programming-based symbolic regression method. Grammar-guided genetic programming combined with regularized least squares was applied to identify a nonlinear autoregressive model with an exogenous input (NARX) prediction model of the crane dynamics from input–output data. The resulting prediction model was implemented in the NMPC scheme, using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as a solver to find an optimal sequence of the control actions satisfying multi-objective performance requirements and input constraints. The feasibility and performance of the controller were experimentally verified using a laboratory crane actuated by AC motors and compared with a discrete-time feedback controller developed using the pole placement technique. A series of experiments proved the effectiveness of the controller in terms of robustness against operating condition variation and external disturbances.
Spatial Distribution Heterogeneity of Riparian Plant Communities and Their Environmental Interpretation in Hillstreams
Authors: Xu Kejun , Xia Jihong , Sheng Liting , Wang Yue , Zu Jiayi , Wang Qihua , Ji Shuyi
Published: June 2024

In plant ecology and environmental remediation, the characterization of riparian plant communities and the influence of environmental factors have been widely discussed. However, the delineation of plant communities from different spatial perspectives is often overlooked, especially in hillstreams. In this study, the Lingshan River is taken as the research area, which is a quintessential hillstream and is characterized by a plethora of hydraulic structures lining its course by 20 weirs. We aim to investigate the multidimensional spatial distribution of riparian plants and their main environmental factors through plant field surveys combined with cluster analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). The main findings are as follows: (1) In this study, a total of 104 herbaceous species were investigated, distributed among 12 families, in which Poaceae (16.67%) and Compositae (9.65%) showed significant dominance. (2) Plant community delineation was based on the complete linkage clustering. Five plant communities were classified along the longitudinal scale of the river, four plant communities were in the near-water zones, and three plant communities were in the far-water zones. (3) Riparian plant diversity and community distribution in longitudinal and lateral dimensions exhibits significant differentiation. Longitudinally, there was a significant decrease in plant diversity from upstream to downstream. Laterally, the plant biomass in the near-water zone was higher than in the far-water zone, while diversity demonstrated a reverse trend in the midstream. (4) The main environmental factors influencing plant distribution varied for different spatial dimensions. Longitudinally, the physical factor of soil is domination, particularly soil texture, which exhibits the strongest correlation with plant communities. Laterally, the chemical factor of soil is domination, such as soil organic matter and soil nitrate nitrogen content. This study enhances our understanding of the riparian area’s ecology, and provides a scientific basis for plant cover restoration and ecological environment protection, and their management.
Soil Compaction Induced by Three Timber Extraction Options: A Controlled Experiment on Penetration Resistance on Silty-Loamy Soils
Authors: Presecan Mădălina Florina , Forkuo Gabriel Osei , Borz Stelian Alexandru
Published: June 2024

Local effects of ground-based timber harvesting, such as soil compaction, are often important for forest management and resilience of forests. One way to evaluate the compaction of the forest soils is by the penetration resistance. Most often, however, the control over the weight of the means used to extract the wood is difficult to maintain, influencing therefore the outcomes of the comparison studies. In this study, a controlled experiment was set up to see how the penetration resistance is affected by the number of passes of three wood extraction methods. A first objective of the study was to characterize the undisturbed soils by the mean values of penetration resistance along the profile. The second objective of the study was to compare the changes in penetration resistance induced by the number of passes along the soil profile. The extraction means were selected based on their typical use in flat-land operations, namely horse logging, skidding and forwarding, and the weight of their loads was determined before the experiment; then, each one was tested in a different area by operating in a closed loop on flat land, with 15 passes over the respective testing area. Penetration resistance was sampled up to 80 cm in depth in 10 control points, as well as in 10 sampling points over the wheels’ footprints. Ten samples were taken on the latter after the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, tenth and fifteenth passes, and comparisons were set up based on natural changing points in penetration resistance found in the control areas. The comparisons found significant differences by an increase in penetration resistance for all three extraction means, and there was a difference by an order of magnitude and depth; horse logging affected it the least and forwarding the most in magnitude, while skidding seemed to produce more significant changes in depth. However, the magnitude and depth of these changes may have depended on the characteristics of the soils from the test areas, and it cannot be concluded that the found levels of penetration resistance will affect the trees located nearby the experimental trails. The problem of soil compaction should be further examined by dedicated studies, given the variability in soil characteristics and diversity in means used to extract timber.
Enhancing Lettuce Drought Tolerance: The Role of Organic Acids in Photosynthesis and Oxidative Defense
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz , Chadzinikolau Tamara , Formela-Luboińska Magda , Lartey Jeffrey Larte , Kosiada Tomasz
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maleic acid (MA), salicylic acid (SA), and citric acid (CA) on alleviating the drought stress of a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) hydroponic culture. The effect of these organic acids was tested under stress conditions induced by polyethene glycol (PEG 6000) at 5% and 7.5% concentrations. Drought stress reduced the fresh and dry matter yields of plants. The acid treatment caused increasing tendencies in the fresh weight yield:control (SA, MA), PEG 7.5% (SA, MA, CA)) and dry weight yield (control (SA, MA), PEG 5% (MA), PEG 7.5% (SA, MA)). The acid treatment also enhanced the nutrient uptake of stressed plants: SA: N (PEG 7.5%), K (PEG 5 and 7.5%); MA: N, P, K, Ca (PEG 5 and 7.5%). This work found that chlorophyll a and b amounts did not change under applied experimental conditions. Most parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence did not depend on either the level of applied water stress (PEG level) or the type of spraying. Drought stress increased leaf superoxide anion (O2•−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but decreased H2O2. Proline (Pro) and phenolic compounds (TFC), including flavonols (Fla), accumulated more in stressed plants. Drought stress also affected the chlorophyll fluorescence. Our results suggest that acids can improve plant tolerance to drought stress by boosting the antioxidant defence system and reducing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
Predicting the External Corrosion Rate of Buried Pipelines Using a Novel Soft Modeling Technique
Authors: Ren Zebei , Chen Kun , Yang Dongdong , Wang Zhixing , Qin Wei
Published: June 2024

External corrosion poses a significant threat to the integrity and lifespan of buried pipelines. Accurate prediction of corrosion rates is important for the safe and efficient transportation of oil and natural gas. However, limited data availability often impacts the performance of conventional predictive models. This study proposes a novel composite modeling approach integrating kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and extreme learning machine (ELM). The key innovation lies in using KPCA for reducing the dimensionality of complex input data combined with PSO for optimizing the parameters of the ELM network. The model was rigorously trained on 12 different datasets and comprehensively evaluated using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2), standard deviation (SD), mean relative error (MRE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that KPCA effectively extracted four primary components, accounting for 91.33% of the data variability. The KPCA-PSO-ELM composite model outperformed independent models with a higher accuracy, achieving an R2 of 99.59% and an RMSE of only 0.0029%. The model comprehensively considered various indicators under the conditions of limited data. The model significantly improved the prediction accuracy and provides a guarantee for the safety of oil and gas transport.