bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained Tau Phosphorylation and Microglial Activation Following Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Siahaan Andre Marolop Pangihutan , Indharty Rr Suzy , Chrestella Jessy , Sadewo Wismaji , Tandean Steven , Syarifah Siti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI), even without acute sequela, can induce a delayed neurodegenerative with overexpression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) as hallmark, caused by chronic inflammation mediated in part by microglial activation.
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of p-tau accumulation and microglial activation following repetitive TBI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into a sham control group and two treatment groups receiving three successive closed-skull impacts (TBI model) from a 40-g mass dropped from a 1-m height on alternating days (days 0, 1, 3, and 7). The first treatment group was sacrificed on the last day of trauma and the second treatment group after 7 days of no trauma. The expression level of p-tau was evaluated by AT-8 antibody immunostaining and microglial activation by anti-CD-68 immunostaining.
RESULTS: Immunoexpression of AT-8 was significantly elevated 7 days after TBI compared to the last day of trauma and compared to the sham control group, while CD-68 expression was significantly higher than sham controls on the last day of trauma and remained elevated for 7 days without trauma.
CONCLUSION: The study showed that brain trauma can induce p-tau overexpression and microglial activation that is sustained during the non-trauma period.
Formes d’énonciation de l’autorité et modes de circulation des informations dans le groupe « Famille SANNA » sur WhatsApp
Authors: Sana Halizata , Sana Halizata
Published: December 2020

Cet article interroge les transformations des relations familiales dans le contexte de l’éloignement géographique et de l’usage de WhatsApp. Le modèle SPEAKING est convoqué ici pour une analyse sémio-contextuelle du groupe Famille SANNA , qui réunit les membres de ladite famille sur WhatsApp. Par ce canal, les aînés tentent de transposer l’autorité traditionnelle, de transmettre un certain nombre de normes et de valeurs, signe que, si la mondialisation entraîne une uniformisation dans la mission accordée aux TIC, à savoir établir du lien, elle n’arrive pas à gommer les spécificités locales de leur usage. Au terme de cette investigation on peut dire qu’en tant qu’espace public domestique, les fondements de pouvoir au niveau familial restent prégnants dans le groupe Famille SANNA .
Le concept d’espace public à l’épreuve de ses actualisations en contexte de mobilisations politiques numériques en Afrique subsaharienne francophone
Authors: Dakouré Évariste , Dakouré Évariste , Gadras Simon , Gadras Simon
Published: December 2020

L’ouverture démocratique des années 1990 a préparé les mobilisations politiques ayant secoué depuis 2010 de nombreux pays d’Afrique subsaharienne francophone. L’essor d’Internet accompagne les bouleversements sociopolitiques à l’œuvre depuis trente ans dans ces pays et vient, en lien avec les médias traditionnels, redessiner ce que l’on qualifie habituellement d’« espace public ». Dans un double mouvement, l’article sollicite ce concept, forgé à partir de cas européens et non dénué d’intentions normatives, après un réexamen critique de ses soubassements théoriques ; et il l’enrichit, le cas africain permettant notamment de penser à nouveaux frais les formes d’articulation entre sphères privée et publique.
La stratégie de la convenance. Variations énonciatives du Discours à la Reine de Ronsard à sa Continuation
Authors: Fayard Emma
Published: December 2020

Les premiers textes polémiques de Ronsard, intitulés à juste titre « Discours », dressent une scénographie de situations d’énonciation où les prises de parole sont mises en valeur par des marques lexicales et syntaxiques très nettes. L’article défend l’idée que la multiplication des instances énonciatives vise non seulement à déconstruire l’autorité des prêches réformés, dont l’impropriété souligne l’impiété, mais également à affirmer la primauté, dans la construction d’un discours efficace, de la notion rhétorique d’ aptum .
Sets, rules and natural classes: [ ] vs. { }
Authors: Bale Alan , Reiss Charles , Ta-Chun Shen David
Published: December 2020

We discuss a set-theoretic treatment of segments as sets of valued features and of natural classes as intensionally defined sets of sets of valued features. In this system, the empty set { } corresponds to a completely underspecified segment, and the natural class [ ] corresponds to the set of all segments, making a feature ± Segment unnecessary. We use unification, a partial operation on sets, to implement feature-filling processes, and we combine unification with set subtraction to implement feature-changing processes. We show how unification creates the illusion of targeting only underspecified segments, and we explore the possibility that only unification rules whose structural changes involve a single feature are UG-compatible. We show that no such Singleton Set Restriction can work with rules based on set subtraction. The system is illustrated using toy vowel harmony systems and a treatment of compensatory lengthening as total assimilation.
Sistemas de recuperación de información implementados a partir de CORD-19: herramientas clave en la gestión de la información sobre COVID-19
Authors: López Carreño Rosana , Martínez Méndez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

La investigación sobre el coronavirus ha generado una producción de documentos científicos extraordinaria. Su tratamiento y asimilación por parte de la comunidad científica ha necesitado de la ayuda de sistemas de recuperación de información diseñados específicamente. Algunas de las principales instituciones mundiales dedicadas a la lucha contra la pandemia han desarrollado el conjunto de datos CORD-19 que destaca sobre otros proyectos de similar naturaleza. Los documentos recopilados en esta fuente han sido procesados por distintas herramientas de recuperación de información, a veces prototipos o sistemas que ya estaban implementados. Se ha analizado la tipología y características principales de estos sistemas concluyendo que hay tres grandes categorías no excluyentes entre ellas: búsqueda terminológica, visualización de información y procesamiento de lenguaje natural. Destaca enormemente que la gran mayoría de ellos emplean preferentemente tecnologías de búsqueda semántica con el objeto de facilitar la adquisición de conocimiento s los investigadores y ayudarlas en su ingente tarea. La crisis provocada por la pandemia ha sido aprovechada por los buscadores semánticos para encontrar su sitio.
Professionnelles des soins et chercheuses, une sonate à quatre mains
Authors: Perrenoud Patricia , Anchisi Annick
Published: December 2020

Ce récit auto-ethnographique, écrit à quatre mains, revient sur les trajectoires des deux auteures qui ont été infirmière et sage-femme avant de devenir sociologue et anthropologue. Elles racontent les chemins de traverse et les rencontres qui les ont conduites à devenir des chercheuses en sciences sociales. Entre tensions et difficultés à se faire reconnaître, enthousiasme et sujets de prédilection, les auteures situent leur positionnement particulier lié à leurs diverses appartenances.
Pour une observation filmique des pratiques cliniques de l’acupuncture
Authors: Candelise Lucia , Remillet Gilles
Published: December 2020

Du dispositif cinématographique à celui de la relation thérapeutique, la présente contribution situe l’enquête filmique au cœur de la pratique médicale de l’acupuncture. Il s’agit d’évoquer la manière dont le film permet d’appréhender dans un même geste l’expérience du soin et celle de l’immersion ethnographique de terrain.
Les sciences sociales comme clés d’analyse et d’amélioration des pratiques soignantes
Authors: Pilleron Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Infirmier de métier depuis 2012, j’ai construit ma posture et mes pratiques professionnelles avec l’appui des sciences sociales. L’objectif de ce texte est de montrer comment j’ai cherché à articuler sciences infirmières et sciences sociales. Pour ce faire, je me propose de revenir dans un premier temps sur la réalisation, en 2016, du projet de recherche infirmière « Social Sorting » (triage moral des patients aux urgences), puis sur le master de sociologie consacré à l’étude des discriminations et des inégalités que j’ai effectué en 2018. Cette double appartenance, aux sciences sociales et aux sciences infirmières, me permet aujourd’hui de développer une sociologie compréhensive de « l’action soignante ». Cette dernière, qui enrichit les deux disciplines, offre l’opportunité d’améliorer les pratiques cliniques. Par ailleurs, la recherche scientifique constitue un enjeu essentiel pour l’émancipation et le développement des professions paramédicales.
Le film de recherche comme modalité de production d’un discours scientifique en anthropologie de la santé
Authors: Démolis Rachel , Benhadj Fazia
Published: December 2020

Dans le cadre d’une recherche socio-anthropologique portant sur les usages médicamenteux des personnes âgées polymédiquées en Suisse, une anthropologue et une réalisatrice élaborent un film de recherche interrogeant le statut scientifique qu’il est possible d’attribuer aux films de recherche et engagent une réflexivité à deux voix sur les divers défis épistémologiques, techniques et déontologiques rencontrés. Cette démarche leur permet d’interroger l’apport d’une production filmique de recherche au champ anthropologique. La mise en présence des données audiovisuelles donne à voir le terrain dans toute son épaisseur, et permet également aux acteurs de l’étude de développer une nouvelle mise en récit, qui montre leur expertise. Elle est particulièrement significative pour l’analyse anthropologique dont la réflexion se façonne, lors de la réalisation de terrains, grâce à la mobilisation de l’intuition et de l’imagination ethnographique du/de la chercheur.e et ouvre l’échange entre pairs.
Le temps des visites : philosophie politique de la maison dans une localité du sertão du Minas Gerais
Authors: Carneiro Ana
Published: December 2020

Dans le sertão du Minas Gerais (Brésil), les expressions « temps des fêtes » (tempo da folia) et « temps de la politique » (tempo da política), utilisées par les habitants, désignent des périodes de l’année durant lesquelles ils circulent plus qu’à l’habitude, intensifiant les visites qu’ils se rendent les uns les autres. La maison apparaît alors comme un lieu central doté d’une force propre qui impulse ces déplacements, créant les conditions d’un sentiment d’appartenance sociale et politique.
Gastronomie et cuisine traditionnelle populaire en tension : la préparation de la tapioca au Ceará
Authors: Camelo Filipe Pessoa , Rodrigues Kadma Marques
Published: December 2020

La recherche sur laquelle repose cet article avait pour but de comprendre, à partir d’entretiens et d’observations directes, les dynamiques d’incorporation de la tradition et de l’innovation dans la culture alimentaire au Ceará. Le cas de la préparation et de la commercialisation de la tapioca au Centro das Tapioqueiras e Artesanato de Messejana (CETARME) a été privilégié ici. Il manifeste des tensions entre global et local dans la cuisine régionale brésilienne.
Les lieux historiques et leur dimension pédagogique. Le débat allemand contemporain
Authors: Pflüger Christine
Published: December 2020

Cet article présente les questions qui animent le débat allemand sur les lieux historiques et leur valeur pédagogique. Dans la recherche historique, les sites de tout ordre (aménagés ou non) sont considérés comme des sources historiques ayant une valeur épistémologique propre, qui favorise l’acquisition de connaissances historiques et influence l’élaboration de représentations de l’histoire. Les anciens camps de concentration du régime national-socialiste en Allemagne qui ont été transformés en lieux de commémoration constituent une catégorie spécifique de lieux historiques, suscitant un débat sur la mémoire dans la société.
Le musée comme trace historique entre science et politique
Authors: Mazé Camille
Published: December 2020

Les musées de société sont des institutions culturelles au croisement de la science et du politique. Ils constituent des traces historiques du rapport de nos sociétés à « l’identité », au passé (histoire/mémoire) et au territoire, comme en atteste le cas contemporain du passage des musées de la Nation aux musées de l’Europe, que cet article se propose d’appréhender comme un sismographe de la redéfinition de ces rapports.
Protestation et résistance. Du critère de distinction
Authors: Kraushaar Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Cet article démontre qu’un type de contestation non violente s’est acclimatée en République fédérale d’Allemagne entre le mouvement des étudiants de 1968 et les mouvements pacifiques des années 1980. L’auteur analyse les conceptions développées par Peter Schneider, Jürgen Habermas, Henry David Thoreau, Hannah Arendt et John Rawls afin de définir les concepts d’« infraction restreinte », de « protestation », « désobéissance civile », « résistance » et leur réception en Allemagne.
“Leer para enseñar mejor”
Authors: Miraval Trinidad Caleb Josué
Published: December 2020

La Encuesta Nacional sobre lectura realizada por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú el año 2017 reveló que en el Perú, el 16% de los encuestados lee todos los días. El diario Perú 21 en su edición del 8/11/2016 señalaba que la población peruana, lee en promedio unos 3,3 libros por año. Estos datos pueden no tener relevancia porque se trata al fin y al cabo de datos que tienen que ver con la ciudadanía en general. Sin embargo; existe otros que nos genera una gran preocupación, me refiero a los datos proporcionados por la Evaluación Censal Docente 2007. De acuerdo a esta evaluación, los docentes del Perú tienen bajos niveles de comprensión lectora. El 32,6% de los evaluados, se encuentran en el nivel 0; el 15,9% en el nivel 1; el 27,2% en el nivel 2 y un 24,3% en el nivel 3, que es el nivel más alto. En la región Huánuco, el 44,5% se ubica debajo del nivel 1; el 16,2% en el nivel 1; el 22,8% en el nivel 2 y el 16,6% en el nivel 3. Estos datos explican el por qué de los bajos resultados que desde el año 2007 muestran los alumnos de la región Huánuco, en las evaluaciones censales escolares; ya que según las estadísticas del Ministerio de Educación, la Región Huánuco ocupa el antepenúltimo lugar en comprensión lectora. Deducimos que existe una relación directa entre rendimiento docente y rendimiento escolar. La escasa práctica de la lectura en la población docente, incide en el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Una solución a este problema sería implementar políticas educativas regionales que fomenten y/o incentiven la lectura en la población docente por ser la piedra angular de nuestro sistema educativo.
Diagnóstico de necesidades de capacitación en el uso de plataformas virtuales ante la contingencia del COVID-19 en los estudiantes y docentes de Educación Media Superior Tecnológica.
Authors: Flores Peña Maira Rosalia , Navarrete Cueto Carlos Antonio
Published: December 2020

El propósito de la investigación fue conocer las necesidades de capacitación en el uso de plataformas virtuales ante la contingencia del COVID-19 en los estudiantes de primer ingreso y el personal docente de los bachilleratos técnicos, en la comunidad de Puerto Vallarta Jalisco (México). La metodología es cuantitativa, no experimental, de corte descriptivo, exploratorio, y comparativo. La técnica de muestreo es probabilístico, aleatorio simple integrada por 70 alumnos y 19 docentes del CONALEP, 100 alumnos y 41 docentes del CECYTEJ. Los resultados arrojaron la necesidad de capacitación de docentes en el uso de plataformas virtuales, en el diseño instruccional para planear las clases, así como en el manejo de otras plataformas para las clases por video conferencia.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A LUTA ANTIRRACISTA, O VEGANISMO E A POLÍTICA DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Nascimento de Lima Rodrigo Felipe
Published: December 2020

É mister dizer, sobretudo na análise das tendências no campo dos novos movimentos sociais, que numerosos contributos têm examinado as inclinações do papel do protagonismo negro na esfera do veganismo ético, político e interseccional. Essa narrativa tem exibido personagens, interlocuções raciais, politização de demandas e vínculos midiáticos. Destarte, o objetivo deste artigo é propagandear os cenários desses fluxos culturais e, ao mesmo tempo, apontar questões e identificar os notáveis desafios desse novo enredo de investigação junto às abordagens do Serviço Social, incorporando o título de personagens principais aos negros como intérpretes de si mesmo.
Anadolu Millî Mücadele Hareketine Tekke ve Tarikat Şeyhlerinin Katkıları
Authors: YILMAZ Ömer
Published: December 2020

Mondros Mütarekesi akabinde Osmanlı Devleti parçalanmak istenmiş, bunun üzerine Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938) devletin işgaline karşı Anadolu merkezli Millî Mücadele hareketi başlatmıştır. Bu mücadele hiç şüphesiz toprakları yabancı güçler tarafından işgal edilmeye yüz tutmuş bir devletin yeniden inşası ve bekası bakımından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle, Mustafa Kemal ve silah arkadaşları İstanbul Hükümeti’nden bağımsız Erzurum, Sivas kongreleri düzenlenmiş ve belli bir mücadele planı yapmışlardır. Başta askeri erkan olmak üzere, ilmiye sınıfı, aşiret ağaları yanında ulusal ve yöresel çapta faaliyet gösteren tarikat şeyhleri de bu mücadeleye çok büyük katkı sağlamışlardır. Bu makalede, Anadolu’da başlayan Millî Mücadele yıllarında gerek İstanbul gerekse İstanbul dışında faaliyet gösteren tekke ve tarikat şeyhlerinin katkıları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamı daha ziyade 1918-1923 yıllarıyla sınırlı tutulmuştur. Bu bir arşiv çalışması değildir. Bu nedenle yararlanılan kaynaklar mümkün mertebe o dönem ve daha sonra kaleme alınmış yazılı çalışmalardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamız akabinde sufilerin çok büyük bir kısmının vatanın müdafaasında Gazi’nin yanında yer aldıkları, kimilerinin fiilen müritleriyle birlikte savaşlara iştirak ettikleri görülmüştür. Yine bu gibi zevatın bazen motive güç olarak halkı cesaretlendirdiği, bazı tekkelerin Anadolu’ya silah sevkiyatında adeta bir üs olarak görev üstlendiği anlaşılmıştır. Millî Mücadele başarıldıktan sonra yeni Cumhuriyetin başkenti ilan edilen Ankara, Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî (öl. 833/1429-30) etrafında teşekkül eden manevi bir atmosfere ev sahipliği yapmış, yeni Meclis burada kılınan Cuma Namazı akabinde kurbanlar kesilerek ve dua edilerek açılmıştır. İlk Mecliste Gazi’nin iki yardımcısı da tanınmış iki tasavvuf şeyhidir.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES OF LEADERS IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR: A STUDY OF ZENITH BANK PLC.
Authors: Sylvanus Chidiebere , Onuoha Chima
Published: December 2020

Given the limited understanding of the impact of organizational culture and leadership style on operational activities and outcomes, this study investigated how organizational culture and leadership styles affect employees’ operational activities. A total of 284 selected employees from Zenith Bank Branches in Rivers State, Nigeria participated in the study and responded to the already validated scales used in the study. As hypothesized, the study reveals that organizational culture and leadership style independently and jointly significantly influence operational activities experience by employee with individualistic dimension of organizational culture and democratic dimension of leadership style combining to impact more positively on operational activities. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. The study recommends that; Zenith Bank should encourage individuals in leadership and supervisory positions to become more aware of the impact of their leadership style on the quality of life of their subordinates and to the extent that the context allow for it to modify and adapt their own behaviors to better match the value shared by their subordinates so that positive operational activities can be achieved for the employee and also help improve the productivity level of the organization.
Cost-Effectiveness of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Intermediate and Low Risk Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients in Singapore
Authors: Kuntjoro Ivandito , Tay Edgar , Hon Jimmy , Yip James , Kong William , Poh Kian Keong Poh , Yeo Tiong Cheng , Tan Huay Cheem , Caleb Michael George , Luo Nan , Wang Pei
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Singapore has the world’s second most efficient healthcare system while costing less than 5% GDP. It remains unclear whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is cost-effective for treating intermediate-low risk severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients in a highly efficient healthcare system. Materials and Methods: A two-phase economic model combining decision tree and Markov model was developed to assess the costs, effectiveness, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of transfemoral (TF) TAVI versus surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in intermediate-low risk patients over an 8-year time horizon. Mortality and complications rates were based on PARTNER 2 trial cohort A and Singapore life table. Costs were mainly retrieved from Singapore National University Health System database. Health utility data were obtained from Singapore population based on the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). A variety of sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: In base case scenario, the incremental effectiveness of TF-TAVI versus SAVR was 0.19 QALYs. The ICER of TF-TAVI was S$33,833/QALY. When time horizon was reduced to 5 years, the ICER was S$60,825/QALY; when event rates from the propensity analysis was used, the ICER was S$21,732/QALY and S$44,598/QALY over 8-year and 5-year time horizons, respectively. At a willingness to pay threshold of S$73,167/QALY, TF-TAVI had a 98.19% probability of being cost-effective after 100,000 simulations. The model was the most sensitive to the costs of TF-TAVI procedure. Conclusion: TF-TAVI is a highly cost-effective option compared to SAVR for intermediate-low risk severe AS patients from a Singapore healthcare system perspective. Increased procedure experience, reduction in device cost, and technology advance may have further increased the cost-effectiveness of TF-TAVI per scenario analysis. Keywords: Surgical aortic valve replacement, Quality of life, Transfemoral TAVI, Reimbursement
MODELO SERVQUAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EVALUACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL SERVICIO AL CLIENTE, CANTÓN JIPIJAPA
Authors: Osejos Vásquez Antonio Eduardo , Merino Murillo José Luis
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN

 

El modelo SERVQUAL, es una de las  herramientas más utilizada para la medición de la calidad del servicio al cliente y el Índice de Calidad del Servicio (ISC), que es la diferencia entre las expectativas y el sentimiento del cliente, por lo que este artículo se realizó con la intención de tener una noción clara de la percepción de la calidad del servicio al cliente brindada en los negocios de la ciudad de Jipijapa en contraposición de sus receptores. El estudio fue realizado tanto a los dueños de los negocios (tomando como referencia a los miembros activos de la Cámara de Comercio de Jipijapa), como a los usuarios de la ciudad, utilizando metodologías tales como; la exploratoria y la descriptiva, así como el uso de la encuesta como técnica de recolección de datos, para obtener la información antes señalada. Entre los principales resultados alcanzados, tenemos que existe una diferencia significativa entre la percepción del servicio brindado por los dueños de los negocios con respecto al servicio recibido por los clientes, los mismos que fueron debidamente recalcados tanto en la discusión, como en las conclusiones y recomendaciones del trabajo elaborado.
Keperluan Modul Kejurulatihan Pidato di Sekolah Rendah: Satu Tinjauan Umum
Authors: Madun Mohd. Farik , Mosin Musirin
Published: December 2020

Artikel berbentuk tinjauan umum ini dihasilkan adalah untuk meninjau keperluan modul kejurulatihan pidato di sekolah rendah. Penulisan artikel ini menekankan peri pentingnya kewujudan modul pengajaran kemahiran berhujah seperti pidato dalam bidang pendidikan. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan dapatan literatur berkaitan keperluan membangunkan modul kejurulatihan pidato kepada guru-guru di sekolah meliputi skop di dalam dan di luar negara. Maka, dapatan artikel ini menjustifikasikan bahawa wujud keperluan membangunkan modul kejurulatihan pidato kepada guru Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah hasil daripada sorotan literatur yang diperoleh. Artikel ini diharap dapat memberikan sumbangan dalam bidang ilmu dan penerokaan literatur kepada pengkaji yang lain.
Screening for Sarawak Paddy Landraces with Resistance to Yellow Rice Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Ling Alvin Xian Rong , Yeo Freddy Kuok San , Hamsein Nur Najwa , Ting Hieng Ming , Sidi Mogeret , Ismail Wan Nurainie Wan , Taji Annebell Stphanie , Cheok Yin Hui
Published: December 2020

The yellow rice stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) is a prevalent pest in paddy fields worldwide. In Sarawak, a survey on pest of paddy carried out from 2009 to 2011 covering 166 paddy fields revealed that rice stem borers caused 11.4% of total paddy damage. In order to reduce the damage, identifying resistance paddy variety is crucial. The objective of this study was to screen Sarawak paddy landraces with resistance to S. incertulas. Twelve Sarawak paddy landraces were selected randomly for this study. Antixenosis resistance screening was performed in aquariums (60 x 28 x 33 cm). Three replications of one-month-old seedlings were randomly arranged in aquarium and exposed to adult S. incertulas. The number and position of egg mass on each plant were recorded. Egg mass abnormalities were also observed. For antibiosis, rice culms of two-month old seedlings from each landrace were infested with larvae. The length of surviving larvae from five rice culms was measured. The experiment revealed variations in landrace of preference for ovipositing. Among the twelve Sarawak paddy landraces, Kanowit was more preferred by S. incertulas for ovipositing in comparison to other paddy landraces suggesting susceptibility towards the pest. Abaxial leaf surface was the preferred oviposition site. There was no clear antibiosis response of the paddy landraces towards S. incertulas larvae in this study.
Codex Enables Secure Offline Micropayments
Authors: Sagar A B.
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces a new micropayment scheme, suitable for all kinds of transactions, and does not require online transactions for either the payer or payee. The designed method uses an encrypted data structure called Codex which self replicates to represent the current values of both the payer and the payee. The model, while providing fraud detection also guarantees payment & loss recovery.
“Da palavra à estética, a periferia é poética!”: a poesia marginal de Mel Duarte enquanto uma prática de resistência e reexistência
Authors: Da Silva Patrícia Pereira , Klein Geane Valesca Da Cunha
Published: December 2020

Neste estudo apresentamos análises de três poemas do livro Negra Nua Crua, da poeta e slammer paulistana Mel Duarte. A temática em debate suscita reflexões quanto à urgência de se pensar a poesia falada/escrita num contexto marginal-periférico, enquanto uma prática de resistência e reexistência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa inserida no escopo dos estudos literários e dos estudos culturais, de modo que o percurso metodológico se funda no estabelecimento de uma hipótese de leitura, a qual conduz todo o processo analítico de interpretação e de manejo/constituição do referencial teórico. Partimos da hipótese segundo a qual dos corpos-vozes do eu-lírico-poético-político emanam questões do universo subjetivo da mulher negra em sua relação com o mundo, ruindo os estereótipos historicamente impostos. O corpus analítico inclui os poemas Não desiste!, Menina melanina e Negra Nua Crua. A base teórica perpassa os estudos de Bosi (1977:1996:2002), Candido (2006), Nascimento (2006:2019), hooks (2019), Dalcastagnè (2006), Toni C. (2006:2009), dentre outros. Nossas conclusões evidenciam que Mel Duarte representa um todo muito maior de jovens poetas trovadoras da contemporaneidade, mulheres negras que transformam narrativas invisibibilizadas em arte-sujeito, formando um quilombo urbano de oralidade e oralitura poética, griôs na escrevivência de suas/nossas reexistências.
Course Design and Academic Outcomes in Quantitative Literacy After Eliminating Required Remediation
Authors: Clinkenbeard Jennifer
Published: December 2020

In Fall 2018, remedial mathematics courses were eliminated from the 23-campus California State University system under Executive Order 1110. Incoming first-year students were placed into college credit-bearing mathematics courses with options for corequisite support. This study examines the academic outcomes for students at California State University Monterey Bay in a college credit level quantitative literacy (QL) mathematics course with optional corequisite support during the 2018-2019 academic year. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that required remediation is not necessary for success in college-level QL. The corequisite support model also has potential to support more equitable outcomes for all students. However, further study is needed to identify institutional, departmental, and pedagogical best practices for effective corequisite support in QL.
Production of HONO from heterogeneous uptake of NO2 on illuminated TiO2 aerosols measured by Photo-Fragmentation Laser Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Dyson Joanna E. , Boustead Graham A. , Fleming Lauren T. , Blitz Mark , Stone Daniel , Arnold Stephen R. , Whalley Lisa K. , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The rate of production of HONO from illuminated TiO2 aerosols in the presence of NO2 was measured using an aerosol flow tube coupled to a photo-fragmentation laser induced fluorescence detection apparatus. The reactive uptake coefficient of NO2 to form HONO, γNO2→HONO, was determined for NO2 mixing ratios in the range 34–400 ppb, with γNO2→HONO spanning the range (9.97 ± 3.52) × 10−6 to (1.26 ± 0.17) × 10−4 at a relative humidity of 15 ± 1 % and for a lamp photon flux of (1.63 ± 0.09) × 1016 photons cm−2 s −1 (integrated between 290 and 400 nm), which is similar to values of ambient actinic flux at midday. γNO2→HONO increased as a function of NO2 mixing ratio at low NO2 before peaking at (1.26 ± 0.17) × 10−4 at 51 ppb NO2 and then sharply decreasing at higher NO2 mixing ratios, rather than levelling off which would be indicative of surface saturation. The dependence of HONO production on relative humidity was also investigated, with a peak in production of HONO from TiO2 aerosol surfaces found at ~25 % RH. Possible mechanisms consistent with the observed trends in both the HONO production and reactive uptake coefficient were investigated using a zero-dimensional kinetic box model. The modelling studies supported a mechanism for HONO production on the aerosol surface involving two molecules of NO2, as well as a surface HONO loss mechanism which is dependent upon NO2. In a separate experiment, significant production of HONO was observed from illumination of mixed nitrate/TiO2 aerosols in the absence of NO2. However, no statistically significant production of HONO was seen from the illumination of pure nitrate aerosols. The rate of production of HONO observed from mixed nitrate/TiO2 aerosols was scaled to ambient conditions found at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the remote tropical marine boundary layer. The rate of HONO production from aerosol particulate nitrate photolysis containing a photocatalyst was found to be similar to the missing HONO production rate necessary to reproduce observed concentrations of HONO at CVAO. These results provide evidence that particulate nitrate photolysis may have a significant impact on the production of HONO and hence NOx in the marine boundary layer where mixed aerosols containing nitrate and a photocatalytic species such as TiO2, as found in dust, are present.
Interpolation uncertainty of atmospheric temperature profiles
Authors: Fassò Alessandro , Sommer Michael , von Rohden Christoph
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper is motivated by the fact that, although temperature readings made by Vaisala RS41 radiosondes at GRUAN sites (https://www.gruan.org/, last access: 30 November 2020) are given at 1 s resolution, for various reasons, missing data are spread along the atmospheric profile.
Such a problem is quite common with radiosonde data and other profile data.
Hence, (linear) interpolation is often used to fill the gaps in published data products.
From this perspective, the present paper considers interpolation uncertainty, using a statistical approach to understand the consequences of substituting missing data with interpolated data. In particular, a general framework for the computation of interpolation uncertainty based on a Gaussian process (GP) set-up is developed. Using the GP characteristics, a simple formula for computing the linear interpolation standard error is given. Moreover, the GP interpolation is proposed as it provides an alternative interpolation method with its standard error. For the Vaisala RS41, the two approaches are shown to provide similar interpolation performances using an extensive cross-validation approach based on the block-bootstrap technique. Statistical results about interpolation uncertainty at various GRUAN sites and for various missing gap lengths are provided. Since both approaches result in an underestimation of the interpolation uncertainty, a bootstrap-based correction formula is proposed. Using the root mean square error, it is found that, for short gaps, with an average length of 5 s, the average uncertainty is less than 0.10 K. For larger gaps, it increases up to 0.35 K for an average gap length of 30 s and up to 0.58 K for a gap of 60 s.
It is concluded that this approach could be implemented in a future version of the GRUAN data processing.
Energy, water and carbon exchanges in managed forest ecosystems: description, sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the INRAE GO+ model, version 3.0
Authors: Moreaux Virginie , Martel Simon , Bosc Alexandre , Picart Delphine , Achat David , Moisy Christophe , Aussenac Raphael , Chipeaux Christophe , Bonnefond Jean-Marc , Figuères Soisick , Trichet Pierre , Vezy Rémi , Badeau Vincent , Longdoz Bernard , Granier André , Roupsard Olivier , Nicolas Manuel , Pilegaard Kim , Matteucci Giorgio , Jolivet Claudy , Black Andrew T. , Picard Olivier , Loustau Denis
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The mechanistic model GO+ describes the functioning and growth of managed forests based upon biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The biophysical and biogeochemical processes included are modelled using standard formulations of radiative transfer, convective heat exchange, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, respiration, plant phenology, growth and mortality, biomass nutrient content, and soil carbon dynamics. The forest ecosystem is modelled as three layers, namely the tree overstorey, understorey and soil. The vegetation layers include stems, branches and foliage and are partitioned dynamically between sunlit and shaded fractions. The soil carbon submodel is an adaption of the Roth-C model to simulate the impact of forest operations. The model runs at an hourly time step. It represents a forest stand covering typically 1 ha and can be straightforwardly upscaled across gridded data at regional, country or continental levels. GO+ accounts for both the immediate and long-term impacts of forest operations on energy, water and carbon exchanges within the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum. It includes exhaustive and versatile descriptions of management operations (soil preparation, regeneration, vegetation control, selective thinning, clear-cutting, coppicing, etc.), thus permitting the effects of a wide variety of forest management strategies to be estimated: from close to nature to intensive. This paper examines the sensitivity of the model to its main parameters and estimates how errors in parameter values are propagated into the predicted values of its main output variables.The sensitivity analysis demonstrates an interaction between the sensitivity of variables, with the climate and soil hydraulic properties being dominant under dry conditions but the leaf biochemical properties being most influential with wet soil. The sensitivity profile of the model changes from short to long timescales due to the cumulative effects of the fluxes of carbon, energy and water on the stand growth and canopy structure. Apart from a few specific cases, the model simulations are close to the values of the observations of atmospheric exchanges, tree growth, and soil carbon and water stock changes monitored over Douglas fir, European beech and pine forests of different ages. We also illustrate the capacity of the GO+ model to simulate the provision of key ecosystem services, such as the long-term storage of carbon in biomass and soil under various management and climate scenarios.
Effects of horizontal resolution and air–sea coupling on simulated moisture source for East Asian precipitation in MetUM GA6/GC2
Authors: Guo Liang , van der Ent Ruud J. , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Vidale Pier Luigi , Turner Andrew G. , Stephan Claudia C. , Chevuturi Amulya
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Precipitation over East Asia in six Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) simulations is compared with observation and ERA-Interim reanalysis.
These simulations include three
different horizontal resolutions, from low and medium to high, and including atmosphere-only version (Global Atmosphere 6.0; GA6) and air–sea coupling version (Global Coupled 2.0; GC2). Precipitation in simulations is systematically different from that in observations and reanalysis. Increasing horizontal resolution and
including air–sea coupling improve simulated precipitation but cannot eliminate bias. Moisture sources of East Asian precipitation are identified using the Water Accounting Model (WAM-2layers) – a moisture tracking model that traces moisture source using collective information of evaporation, atmospheric moisture and
circulation. Similar to precipitation, moisture sources in simulations are systematically different from that of ERA-Interim. Major differences in
moisture sources include underestimated moisture contribution from tropical Indian Ocean and overestimate contribution from Eurasian continent. By
increasing horizontal resolution, precipitation bias over the Tibetan Plateau is improved. From the moisture source point of view, this is achieved
by reducing contribution from remote moisture source and enhancing local contribution over its eastern part. Although including air–sea coupling
does not necessarily change East Asian precipitation, moisture sources show differences between coupled and atmosphere-only simulations. These
differences in moisture sources indicate different types of models biases caused by surface flux or/and atmospheric circulation on different
locations. This information can be used to target model biases on specified locations and due to different mechanisms.
WRF4PALM v1.0: A Mesoscale Dynamical Driver for the
Microscale PALM Model System 6.0
Authors: Lin Dongqi , Khan Basit , Katurji Marwan , Bird Leroy , Faria Ricardo , Revell Laura E.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A set of Python-based tools, WRF4PALM, has been developed for offline-nesting of the PALM model system 6.0 into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modelling system. Time-dependent boundary conditions of the atmosphere are critical for accurate representation of microscale meteorological dynamics in high resolution real-data simulations. WRF4PALM generates initial and boundary conditions from WRF outputs to provide time-varying meteorological forcing for PALM. The WRF model has been used across the atmospheric science community for a broad range of multidisciplinary applications. The PALM model system 6.0 is a turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation model with an additional Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode for atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer studies at microscale (Maronga et al., 2020). Currently PALM has the capability to ingest output from the regional scale Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) atmospheric prediction model. However, COSMO is not an open source model which requires a licence agreement for operational use or academic research (http://www.cosmo-model.org/). This paper describes and validates the new free and open-source WRF4PALM tools (available on https://github.com/dongqi-DQ/WRF4PALM). Two case studies using WRF4PALM are presented for Christchurch, New Zealand, which demonstrate successful PALM simulations driven by meteorological forcing from WRF outputs. The WRF4PALM tools presented here can potentially be used for micro- and mesoscale studies worldwide, for example in boundary layer studies, air pollution dispersion modelling, wildfire emissions and spread, urban weather forecasting, and agricultural meteorology.
A nonstationary analysis for investigating the multiscale variability of extreme surges: case of the English Channel coasts
Authors: Turki Imen , Baulon Lisa , Massei Nicolas , Laignel Benoit , Costa Stéphane , Fournier Matthieu , Maquaire Olivier
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This research examines the nonstationary dynamics of extreme surges along
the English Channel coasts and seeks to make their connection to the climate
patterns at different timescales by the use of a detailed spectral analysis
in order to gain insights into the physical mechanisms relating the global
atmospheric circulation to the local-scale variability of the monthly
extreme surges. This variability highlights different oscillatory components
from the interannual (∼1.5, ∼2–4,
∼5–8 years) to the interdecadal (∼12–16 years) scales with mean explained variances of ∼25 %–32 % and ∼2 %–4 % of the total variability, respectively.
Using the two hypotheses that the physical mechanisms of the atmospheric
circulation change according to the timescales and their connection with the
local variability improves the prediction of the extremes, we have
demonstrated statistically significant relationships of ∼1.5, ∼2–4, ∼5–8 and
12–16 years with the different climate oscillations of sea level pressure,
zonal wind, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal
Oscillation, respectively. Such physical links have been used to implement the parameters of the
time-dependent generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution models. The introduced climate information
in the GEV parameters has considerably improved the prediction of the
different timescales of surges with an explained variance higher than
60 %. This improvement exhibits their non-linear relationship with the
large-scale atmospheric circulation.
A new high-temperature borehole fluid sampler: the Multi-Temperature Fluid Sampler
Authors: Wheat C. Geoffrey , Kitts Christopher , Webb Camden , Stolzman Rachel , McGuire Ann , Fournier Trevor , Pettigrew Thomas , Jannasch Hans
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Deep (>1 km depth) scientific boreholes are unique assets
that can be used to address a variety of microbiological, hydrologic, and
biogeochemical hypotheses. Few of these deep boreholes exist in oceanic
crust. One of them, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, reaches
∼190 ∘C at its base. We designed, fabricated, and
laboratory-tested the Multi-Temperature Fluid Sampler (MTFS), a non-gas-tight, titanium syringe-style fluid sampler for borehole applications
that is tolerant of such high temperatures. Each of the 12 MTFS units
collects a single 1 L sample at a predetermined temperature, which is
defined by the trigger design and a shape memory alloy (SMA). SMAs have the
innate ability to be deformed and only return to their initial shapes when
their activation temperatures are reached, thereby triggering a sampler at a
predetermined temperature. Three SMA-based trigger mechanisms, which do not
rely on electronics, were tested. Triggers were released at temperatures
spanning from 80 to 181 ∘C. The MTFS was set for
deployment on International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 385T, but
hole conditions precluded its use. The sampler is ready for use in deep
oceanic or continental scientific boreholes with minimal training for
operational success.
The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future
Authors: Nitze Ingmar , Cooley Sarah W. , Duguay Claude R. , Jones Benjamin M. , Grosse Guido
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Northwestern Alaska has been highly affected by changing climatic patterns
with new temperature and precipitation maxima over the recent years. In
particular, the Baldwin and northern Seward peninsulas are characterized by
an abundance of thermokarst lakes that are highly dynamic and prone to lake
drainage like many other regions at the southern margins of continuous
permafrost. We used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Planet
CubeSat optical remote sensing data to analyze recently observed widespread
lake drainage. We then used synoptic weather data, climate model outputs and
lake ice growth simulations to analyze potential drivers and future pathways
of lake drainage in this region. Following the warmest and wettest winter on
record in 2017/2018, 192 lakes were identified as having completely or
partially drained by early summer 2018, which exceeded the average drainage
rate by a factor of ∼ 10 and doubled the rates of the previous
extreme lake drainage years of 2005 and 2006. The combination of abundant
rain- and snowfall and extremely warm mean annual air temperatures (MAATs),
close to 0 ∘C, may have led to the destabilization of permafrost
around the lake margins. Rapid snow melt and high amounts of excess
meltwater further promoted rapid lateral breaching at lake shores and
consequently sudden drainage of some of the largest lakes of the study
region that have likely persisted for millennia. We hypothesize that permafrost
destabilization and lake drainage will accelerate and become the dominant
drivers of landscape change in this region. Recent MAATs are already within
the range of the predictions by the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (UAF SNAP) ensemble climate predictions in
scenario RCP6.0 for 2100. With MAAT in 2019 just below 0 ∘C at the nearby Kotzebue, Alaska, climate station, permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins will become less likely after drainage, strongly decreasing the potential for freeze-locking carbon sequestered in lake sediments, signifying a prominent regime shift in ice-rich permafrost lowland regions.