bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation—clinical outcomes: impact of leg muscle strength
Authors: Kondo Shin , Kagawa Kumiko , Saito Takashi , Oura Masahiro , Sogabe Kimiko , Harada Takeshi , Fujii Shiro , Nakamura Shingen , Miki Hirokazu , Sato Nori , Ono Rei , Abe Masahiro , Katoh Shinsuke
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Muscle strength decline is reported to predict mortality in many cancers. However, there is little knowledge of the relation between muscle strength decline and clinical outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to determine the impact of pre-transplant lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS) on post-transplant overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 97 adult patients underwent allo-HSCT during 2012–2020. LEMS was defined as knee extension force divided by patient’s body weight. The patients were divided into low and high LEMS groups based on pre-transplant LEMS. OS was measured using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. The cumulative incidence of NRM was evaluated using the Fine and Gray method, with relapse considered as a competing risk event.

Results

Probability of OS was significantly lower in the low LEMS groups (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.12, p=0.014) than in the high LEMS group on multivariate analysis. Five-year OS was 25.8% and 66.4% in the low and high LEMS groups, respectively. Risk of NRM was significantly higher in the low LEMS group (HR 4.49, 95% CI 1.28 to 15.68, p=0.019) than in the high LEMS group. The cumulative incidence of NRM was 41.4% and 11.1% in the low and high LEMS groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Pre-transplant LEMS was a significant factor in predicting OS and NRM.
Patient-reported outcome measures suitable for quality of life/well-being assessment in multisectoral, multinational and multiperson mental health economic evaluations
Authors: Łaszewska Agata , Helter Timea Mariann , Nagel Anna , Perić Nataša , Simon Judit
Published: December 2021

Question

The aim was to systematically collate and synthesise existing, publicly available patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) information suitable for quality of life (QOL)/well-being measurement in mental health economic evaluations, with specific focus on their applicability in multisectoral, multinational, multiperson economic evaluations and to develop an electronic PROM compendium with meta-data.

Study selection and analysis

A systematic literature search for non-disease-pecific PROMs and their versions suitable for the measurement of QOL/well-being or recovery was conducted from 2008 to February 2020. Six criteria were applied to judge their suitability in multisectoral, multinational, multiperson economic evaluations: (i) availability of separate adult and child/adolescent versions, (ii) availability of a proxy-completion option, (iii) assessing outcomes beyond health, (iv) availability of translations (≥2 language versions), (v) availability of a preference-based valuation, (vi) availability of value sets in more than one country.

Findings

The final ProgrammE in Costing, resource use measurement and outcome valuation for Use in multisectoral National and International health economic evaluAtions (PECUNIA) PROM-MH Compendium includes 204 unique scales, out of which 88 are individual instruments, while the remaining 116 scales belong to 46 PROM families with more than one distinctive version. Out of the total 134 individual PROMs/PROM families, 72% have at least two language versions, 8% measure broader well-being beyond health-related QOL, 11% have preference-based valuation, with multiple country sets available for 60% of these. None of the identified PROMs met all six proposed criteria.

Conclusions

The PECUNIA PROM-MH Compendium provides a unique overview of the relevant PROMs and their linked meta-data, and should be a helpful tool when choosing a suitable instrument for future mental health economic evaluations.
Trends in maternal body mass index in Northern Ireland: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Kent Lisa , Cardwell Christopher , Young Ian , Eastwood Kelly-Ann
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Explore (1) associations between maternal body mass index (BMI), demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) longitudinal trends in BMI, (3) geographical distributions in prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity.

Design

Retrospective population-based study.

Setting

Linked, anonymised, routinely collected healthcare data and official statistics from Northern Ireland.

Participants

All pregnancies in Northern Ireland (2011–2017) with BMI measured at ≤16 weeks gestation.

Methods

Analysis of variance and χ2tests were used to explore associations. Multiple linear regression was used to explore longitudinal trends and spatial visualisation illustrated geographical distribution. Main outcomes are prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).

Results

152 961 singleton and 2362 multiple pregnancies were included. A high prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity in Northern Ireland is apparent (singleton: 52.4%; multiple: 48.3%) and is increasing. Obesity was positively associated with older age, larger numbers of previous pregnancies and unplanned pregnancy (p<0.001). BMI category was also positively associated with unemployment (35% in obese class III vs 22% in normal BMI category) (p<0.001). Higher BMI categories were associated with increased rate of comorbidities, including hypertension (normal BMI: 1.8% vs obese III: 12.4%), diabetes mellitus (normal BMI: 0.04% vs obese III: 1.29%) and mental ill-health (normal BMI: 5.0% vs obese III: 11.8%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of maternal obesity varied with deprivation (most deprived: 22.8% vs least deprived: 15.7%) (p<0.001). Low BMI was associated with age <20 years, nulliparity, unemployment and mental ill-health (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The prevalence of maternal BMI >25 kg/m2is increasing over time in Northern Ireland. Women are entering pregnancy with additional comorbidities likely to impact their life course beyond pregnancy. This highlights the need for prioritisation of preconception and inter-pregnancy support for management of weight and chronic conditions.
Identifying patients with atrial fibrillation recurrences after two pulmonary vein isolation procedures
Authors: Mulder Bart A , Al-Jazairi Meelad I H , Magni Federico T , Groenveld Hessel F , Tieleman Robert G , Wiesfeld Ans C P , Tan Yong E S , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Rienstra Michiel , Blaauw Yuri
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an important treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, many patients need more than one procedure to maintain long-term sinus rhythm. Even after two PVIs some may suffer from AF recurrences. We aimed to identify characteristics of patients who fail after two PVI procedures.

Methods and results

We included 557 consecutive patients undergoing a first PVI procedure with a second-generation 28 mm cryoballoon. Follow-up procedures were performed using radiofrequency ablation targeting reconnected PVs only. Recurrent AF was defined as any episode of AF lasting >30 s on ECG or 24 hour Holter monitoring performed at 3, 6 and 12 months post procedure. Mean age was 59.1±10.2 years, 383 (68.8%) were male, 448 (80.4%) had paroxysmal AF and the most common underlying condition was hypertension (36.6%). A total of 140/557 (25.1%) patients underwent redo procedure with PVI only. Of these patients 45 (32.4%) had recurrence of AF. These patients were comparable regarding age and sex to those in sinus rhythm after one or two procedures. Multivariate logistic regression showed that non-paroxysmal AF (OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.15), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), bundle branch block (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.58), heart failure (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.58) and Left Atrium Volume Index (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08) were associated with AF recurrence after two PVIs. The area under the curve for the identified risk factors was 0.74.

Conclusions

Using a PVI-only approach, recurrence of AF after two AF ablation procedures is associated with more advanced underlying disease and persistent types of AF.
AI and the cardiologist: when mind, heart and machine unite
Authors: D'Costa Antonio , Zatale Aishwarya
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has made much headway in the consumer and advertising sector, not only affecting how and what people purchase these days, but also affecting behaviour and cultural attitudes. It is poised to influence nearly every aspect of our being, and the field of cardiology is not an exception. This paper aims to brief the clinician on the advances in AI and machine learning in the field of cardiology, its applications, while also recognising the potential for future development in these two mammoth fields. With the advent of big data, new opportunities are emerging to build AI tools, with better accuracy, that will directly aid not only the clinician but also allow nations to provide better healthcare to its citizens.
Plasma adiponectin and risk of asthma: observational analysis, genetic Mendelian randomisation and meta-analysis
Authors: Nielsen Maria Booth , Nordestgaard Børge G , Benn Marianne , Çolak Yunus
Published: December 2021

Background

Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein-hormone with inflammatory properties, has a potentially important role in the development and progression of asthma. Unravelling whether adiponectin is a causal risk factor for asthma is an important issue to clarify as adiponectin could be a potential novel drug target for the treatment of asthma.

Objective

We tested the hypothesis that plasma adiponectin is associated observationally and causally (using genetic variants as instrumental variables) with risk of asthma.

Methods

In the Copenhagen General Population Study, we did an observational analysis in 28 845 individuals (2278 asthma cases) with plasma adiponectin measurements, and a genetic one-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis in 94 868 individuals (7128 asthma cases) with 4 genetic variants. Furthermore, in the UK Biobank, we did a genetic two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis in 462 933 individuals (53 598 asthma cases) with 12 genetic variants. Lastly, we meta-analysed the genetic findings.

Results

While a 1 unit log-transformed higher plasma adiponectin in the Copenhagen General Population Study was associated with an observational OR of 1.65 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.08) for asthma, the corresponding genetic causal OR was 1.03 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.42). The genetic causal OR for asthma in the UK Biobank was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Lastly, genetic meta-analysis confirmed lack of association between genetically high plasma adiponectin and causal OR for asthma.

Conclusion

Observationally, high plasma adiponectin is associated with increased risk of asthma; however, genetic evidence could not support a causal association between plasma adiponectin and asthma.
Quantum hall effects in two-dimensional electron systems: a global approach
Authors: Hidalgo M. A.
Published: December 2021

Up to almost the last two decades all the experimental results concerning the quantum Hall effect (QHE), i.e. the observation of plateaux at integer or fractional (FQHE) values of the constant h/e2, were related to quantum-wells in semiconductor heterostructures. However, more recently, a renewed interest in revisiting these phenomena has arisen thanks to the observation of entirely similar effects in graphene and topological insulators. In this paper we show an approach encompassing all these QHEs using the same theoretical frame, entailing both Hall effect plateaux and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. Moreover, the model also enables the analysis of both phenomena as a function not only of the magnetic field but the gate voltage as well. More specifically, in the light of the approach, the FQHE in any two-dimensional electron system appears to be an effect of the breaking of the degeneration of every Landau level, n, as a result of the electrostatic interaction involved, and being characterized by the set of three integer numbers (n, p, q), where p and q have clear physical meanings too.
Deconstruction hierarchies and locality diagrams of conformal models
Authors: Bantay P.
Published: December 2021

The relationship between locality graphs and deconstruction hierarchies of conformal models is explained, leading to computationally effective procedures for determining the latter, and the relevant notions are illustrated with several examples.
One-dimensional cylindrical quantum wire: The theoretical study of photo-stimulated Ettingshausen effect
Authors: Van Ngoc Hoang , Bau Nguyen Quang , Quang Doan Minh , Hung Tran Hai
Published: December 2021

Based on the quantum kinetic equation (QKE) for electron, we have theoretically studied the theory of photo-stimulated Ettingshausen effect in a one-dimensional cylindrical quantum wire (CQW). The strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) [Formula: see text] plays a role as photo-stimulation source. We obtain the analytic expressions for the kinetic tensors [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the Ettingshausen coefficient (EC) in the CQW with the dependence on the amplitude and the energy of EMW, the CQW radius, the magnetic field and the temperature for two cases: optical phonon and acoustic phonon. The results are numerically evaluated and graphed for GaAs/AlGaAs CQW model. It is shown that we observe the cyclotron resonance and magneto-phonon resonance effect while surveying EC in terms of magnetic field (with and without EMW) and EMW energy, considered the electron-optical phonon scattering. In case of electron-acoustic phonon scattering, the oscillation of EC is obtained with the transition between low Landau levels (LLs). We also clarify the impact of quantum size effect (QSE) on EC by surveying the influence of EC on the radius of CQW.
Mössbauer investigation of Co-doped Bismuth Ferrite prepared by the solution method
Authors: Xia Puyue , Mo Jiajun , Liu Weiyi , Xia Yanfang , Liu Min
Published: December 2021

In this work, [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0, 0.08) nanoparticles were synthesized by the solution method and their structural differences were studied. X-ray diffraction results show that the rhombohedral R3c space group and perovskite structures are detected in both samples, accompanied by an impurity phase. The (104) and (110) peaks merge when cobalt ions are doped. The decrease in lattice parameters indicates that the microstructure of the nanoparticles becomes gradually distorted. Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis at room temperature reveals an additional doublet due to the oxygen vacancies in [Formula: see text]. Hyperfine interactions, spatial spin-modulated structures and oxygen deficiencies around iron ions are also reflected in the observed spectra and variations in hyperfine parameters.
Salt spray corrosion and electrochemical corrosion property of anodic oxide films on ADC12 aluminum alloy
Authors: Liu Naizhi , Jiang Bo , Ji Zesheng , Cui Pengxing , Wang Yunlong , Song Hang
Published: December 2021

Anodic oxide films were prepared by anodic oxidation on the surface of ADC12 aluminum alloy and their corrosion properties were explored. The original samples, anodized samples, and sealed samples were placed in the salt spray corrosion chamber and were taken out at different times. Then the corrosion resistance of the ADC12 aluminum alloy was discussed, and the electrochemical corrosion test was researched. The results indicated that the surface of the original samples reveals many large-area pits after salt spray corrosion, while the sealed samples present a smoother surface. The dense oxide films on the surface of the base metals effectively prevent Cl[Formula: see text] entering into aluminum alloys especially after sealing. Electrochemical tests including the potential polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as functions of exposure time were employed to reveal the corrosion behavior of surface layers. After the sealing treatment on the oxide films, the corrosion potential moved in the positive direction, the corrosion current density decreased, and the corrosion resistance of the ADC12 aluminum alloy was significantly improved.
Instructor Performance Prediction Model Using Artificial Intelligence for Higher Education Systems
Authors: Xiao Shuping , Shanthini A. , Thilak Deepa
Published: December 2021

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence techniques, including machine learning models, have led to the expansion of prevailing and practical prediction simulations for various fields. The quality of teachers’ performance mainly influences the quality of educational services in universities. One of the major challenges of higher education institutions is the increase of data and how to utilize them to enhance the academic program’s quality and administrative decisions. Hence, in this paper, Artificial Intelligence assisted Multi-Objective Decision-Making model (AI-MODM) has been proposed to predict the instructor’s performance in the higher education systems. The proposed AI-assisted prediction model analyzes the numerical values on various elements allocated for a cluster of teachers to evaluate an overall quality evaluation representing the individual instructor’s performance level. Instead of replacing teachers, AI technologies would increase and motivate them. These technologies would reduce the time necessary for routine tasks to enable the faculty to focus on teaching and analysis. The usage for administrative decision-making of artificial intelligence and associated digital tools. The experimental results show that the suggested AI-MODM method enhances the accuracy (93.4%), instructor performance analysis (96.7%), specificity analysis (92.5%), RMSE (28.1 %), and precision ratio (97.9%) compared to other existing methods.
Pan-Sharpening for Spectral Details Preservation Via Convolutional Sparse Coding in Non-Subsampled Shearlet Space
Authors: Sangani Dhara J. , Thakker Rajesh A. , Panchal S. D. , Gogineni Rajesh
Published: December 2021

The optical satellite sensors encounter certain constraints on producing high-resolution multispectral (HRMS) images. Pan-sharpening (PS) is a remote sensing image fusion technique, which is an effective mechanism to overcome the limitations of available imaging products. The prevalent issue in PS algorithms is the imbalance between spatial quality and spectral details preservation, thereby producing intensity variations in the fused image. In this paper, a PS method is proposed based on convolutional sparse coding (CSC) implemented in the non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) domain. The source images, panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MS) images, are decomposed using NSST. The resultant high-frequency bands are fused using adaptive weights determined from chaotic grey wolf optimization (CGWO) algorithm. The CSC-based model is employed to fuse the low-frequency bands. Further, an iterative filtering mechanism is developed to enhance the quality of fused image. Four datasets with different geographical content like urban area, vegetation, etc. and eight existing algorithms are used for evaluation of the proposed PS method. The comprehensive visual and quantitative results approve that the proposed method accomplishes considerable improvement in spatial and spectral details equivalence in the pan-sharpened image.
A study on the mechanical polishing technique by using shear thickening fluids
Authors: Chang Li , Man Ziyan , Ye Lin
Published: December 2021

This paper reported the new polishing technique by using a shear thickening fluid (STF). In experiments, the steel workpiece was immersed into the STF under the static condition. When the workpiece started rotating at a certain speed, the surrounding STF became solidified due to the shear thickening effect. Consequently, the solidified STF held the abrasive particles and polished the surfaces of the workpiece. The surface roughness of the treated surfaces was clearly dependent on the size of the abrasive particles. Owing to the reversible phase transition between liquid and solid status for the STF, the polishing process can be conducted without the use of polishing pads. Moreover, the new polishing technique using the STF can polish some complex structures having the surfaces with different heights and/or orientations, which cannot be achieved by the traditional one-step polishing method.
Multiplicative Parameterization Above a Guarantee
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Lokshtanov Daniel , Panolan Fahad , Saurabh Saket , Zehavi Meirav
Published: December 2021

Parameterization above a guarantee is a successful paradigm in Parameterized Complexity. To the best of our knowledge, all fixed-parameter tractable problems in this paradigm share an
additive form
defined as follows. Given an instance (
I,k
) of some (parameterized) problem π with a
guarantee
g(I)
, decide whether
I
admits a solution of size at least (or at most)
k
+
g(I)
. Here,
g(I)
is usually a lower bound on the minimum size of a solution. Since its introduction in 1999 for M
AX
SAT and M
AX
C
UT
(with
g(I)
being half the number of clauses and half the number of edges, respectively, in the input), analysis of parameterization above a guarantee has become a very active and fruitful topic of research.

We highlight a
multiplicative
form of parameterization above (or, rather, times) a guarantee: Given an instance (
I,k
) of some (parameterized) problem π with a guarantee
g(I)
, decide whether
I
admits a solution of size at least (or at most)
k
·
g(I)
. In particular, we study the
Long Cycle
problem with a multiplicative parameterization above the girth
g(I)
of the input graph, which is the most natural guarantee for this problem, and provide a fixed-parameter algorithm. Apart from being of independent interest, this exemplifies how parameterization above a multiplicative guarantee can arise naturally. We also show that, for any fixed constant ε > 0, multiplicative parameterization above
g(I)
1+ε
of
Long Cycle
yields para-NP-hardness, thus our parameterization is tight in this sense. We complement our main result with the design (or refutation of the existence) of fixed-parameter algorithms as well as kernelization algorithms for additional problems parameterized multiplicatively above girth.
A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Methods and Risk Representation in Usable Privacy and Security Research
Authors: Distler Verena , Fassl Matthias , Habib Hana , Krombholz Katharina , Lenzini Gabriele , Lallemand Carine , Cranor Lorrie Faith , Koenig Vincent
Published: December 2021

Usable privacy and security researchers have developed a variety of approaches to represent risk to research participants. To understand how these approaches are used and when each might be most appropriate, we conducted a systematic literature review of methods used in security and privacy studies with human participants. From a sample of 633 papers published at five top conferences between 2014 and 2018 that included keywords related to both security/privacy and usability, we systematically selected and analyzed 284 full-length papers that included human subjects studies. Our analysis focused on study methods; risk representation; the use of prototypes, scenarios, and educational intervention; the use of deception to simulate risk; and types of participants. We discuss benefits and shortcomings of the methods, and identify key methodological, ethical, and research challenges when representing and assessing security and privacy risk. We also provide guidelines for the reporting of user studies in security and privacy.
Malicious Node Identification in Coded Distributed Storage Systems under Pollution Attacks
Authors: Gaeta Rossano , Grangetto Marco
Published: December 2021

In coding-based distributed storage systems (DSSs), a set of storage nodes (SNs) hold coded fragments of a data unit that collectively allow one to recover the original information. It is well known that data modification (a.k.a. pollution attack) is the Achilles’ heel of such coding systems; indeed, intentional modification of a single coded fragment has the potential to prevent the reconstruction of the original information because of error propagation induced by the decoding algorithm. The challenge we take in this work is to devise an algorithm to identify polluted coded fragments within the set encoding a data unit and to characterize its performance.

To this end, we provide the following contributions: (i) We devise MIND (Malicious node IdeNtification in DSS), an algorithm that is general with respect to the encoding mechanism chosen for the DSS, it is able to cope with a heterogeneous allocation of coded fragments to SNs, and it is effective in successfully identifying polluted coded fragments in a low-redundancy scenario; (ii) We formally prove both MIND termination and correctness; (iii) We derive an accurate analytical characterization of MIND performance (hit probability and complexity); (iv) We develop a C++ prototype that implements MIND to validate the performance predictions of the analytical model.

Finally, to show applicability of our work, we define performance and robustness metrics for an allocation of coded fragments to SNs and we apply the results of the analytical characterization of MIND performance to select coded fragments allocations yielding robustness to collusion as well as the highest probability to identify actual attackers.
Xenobiotic receptors and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis: harnessing the chemical output of the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Nieves Kristoff M. , Hirota Simon A. , Flannigan Kyle L.
Published: December 2021

The commensal bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host, driving the development of the immune system and maintaining metabolic and tissue homeostasis in the local environment. The intestinal microbiota has the capacity to generate a wide array of chemical metabolites to which the cells of the intestinal mucosa are exposed. Host cells express xenobiotic receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR), that can sense and respond to chemicals that are generated by nonhost pathways. In this review, we outline the physiological and immunological processes within the intestinal environment that are regulated by microbial metabolites through the activation of the AhR and the PXR, with a focus on ligands generated by the stepwise catabolism of tryptophan.
Stiffness is associated with hepatic stellate cell heterogeneity during liver fibrosis
Authors: Kostallari Enis , Wei Bo , Sicard Delphine , Li Jiahui , Cooper Shawna A. , Gao Jinhang , Dehankar Mrunal , Li Ying , Cao Sheng , Yin Meng , Tschumperlin Daniel J. , Shah Vijay H.
Published: December 2021

The fibrogenic wound-healing response in liver increases stiffness. Here, macro and microheterogeneity of liver stiffness correlate with HSC heterogeneity in a hepatic fibrosis mouse model. Fibrogenic HSCs localized in stiff collagen-high areas upregulate the expression of focal adhesion molecule FHL2, which, in turn, promotes extracellular matrix protein expression. These results demonstrate that stiffness heterogeneity at the whole organ, lobular, and cellular level drives an amplification loop of fibrogenesis through specific focal adhesion molecular pathways.
A more gradual positive end-expiratory pressure increase reduces lung damage and improves cardiac function in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Fernandes Marcos V. S. , Rocha Nazareth N. , Felix Nathane S. , Rodrigues Gisele C. , Silva Luísa H. A. , Coelho Mariana S. , Fonseca Ana Carolina F. , Teixeira Ana Carolina G. M. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Pelosi Paolo , Silva Pedro L. , Marini John J. , Rocco Patricia R. M.
Published: December 2021

In a rat model of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced mild/moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome, a gradual PEEP increase (shorter adaptation time) effectively mitigated histological lung injury and biomarker release associated with lung inflammation, damage to epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix compared with an abrupt increase in PEEP. A more gradual PEEP increase (longer adaptation time) decreased lung damage, pulmonary vessel compression, and pulmonary arterial pressure.
Research on Higher English Internationalization Education Model and Evaluation Index System Based on Multi‐Source Information Fusion
Authors: Yang Bei , Tang Huijun , Mou Lei
Published: December 2021

With the continuous development of the global economy, the degree of internationalization and openness has gradually deepened. Higher English internationalization education also needs to keep pace with the times and keep pace with international development. At this time, it is necessary to build a multi‐source information fusion algorithmic higher English international education model and evaluation index system to better adapt to the trend of higher English international education in the future. In the current higher English teaching process, it is necessary to change the traditional teaching concepts, change the previous teaching ideas, continuously expand the horizons, build an international and diversified English teaching training program, and actively absorb excellent education concepts from foreign excellent teaching models, which has better promoted the development of English teaching.
Based on Knowledge Recognition and Using Binomial Distribution Function to Establish a Mathematical Model of Random Selection of Test Questions in the Test Bank
Authors: Chang Yuan
Published: December 2021

With the in-depth development of social reforms, the scientificization of enterprise online examinations has become more and more urgent and important. The key to realizing scientific examinations is the automation and rationalization of propositions. Therefore, the construction and realization of the test question bank is also more important. In the realization of the entire test question database, how to select satisfactory test questions randomly from a large number of test questions through the selection of test questions so that the average difficulty, discriminability, and reliability of the test are satisfactory? These requirements are also more important. Among them, random selection of questions is an important difficulty in the realization of the test question bank. In order to solve the difficulties of random selection of these test questions, the author combines the experience of constructing the test question bank and uses the discrete binomial distribution to draw conclusions. Random variables established the first mathematical model for topic selection. By determining the form of the test questions and the distribution of the difficulty of the test questions and then making it use a random function to select questions, this will achieve better results.
Effect of Minimally Invasive Puncture Drainage and Conservative Treatment on Prognosis of Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Jia Yanxun , Wang Yongbin , Yang Kaijiao , Yang Rui , Wang Zhenzhen
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of minimally invasive puncture drainage under unsupervised learning algorithm and conservative treatment on the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Fifty patients with cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the research objects. The CT images of patients were segmented by unsupervised learning algorithm, and the application value of unsupervised learning algorithm on CT images of patients with cerebral hemorrhage was evaluated. According to the treatment wishes of the patients themselves and their authorizers, they were divided into 30 patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the minimally invasive group and 20 patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the conservative group. The incidence rate of complications of cerebral hemorrhage, the length of hospitalization of the two groups, hematoma volume at admission, 3 days and 7 days after operation, and the hematoma dissipation rate on the 3rd and 7th day after operation were used as the evaluation index of therapeutic effect. MRS and ADL scores were used as prognostic indicators. The results show that K-means clustering algorithm has high quality and short time for CT image segmentation. The overall incidence rate of complications in minimally invasive group was 10%, lower than that in conservative group (25%) (

P
<
0.05

), and the length of hospitalization in minimally invasive group was longer than that in conservative group (

P
<
0.05

). The hematoma volume of minimally invasive group was 16.5 ± 2.4 mL on the 3rd day after operation, and that of conservative group was 27.4 ± 1.8 mL. There was significant difference between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, CT showed that the hematoma reduction degree of minimally invasive group was higher than that of conservative group, and the hematoma dissipation rate was higher than that of conservative group on the 3rd and 7th day (

P
<
0.05

). The good MRS score in minimally invasive group was 3.15 times that in conservative group, and the good ADL score was 1.6 times that in conservative group, and there was significant difference in the total score between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

). Minimally invasive puncture drainage is better than conservative treatment in the clearance of hematoma, which is conducive to the recovery of neurological function and daily life of patients with cerebral hemorrhage and is of great help to the prognosis of patients.
Interior Design Scheme Recommendation Method Based on Improved Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Authors: He Wei
Published: December 2021

The recommendation engine is similar to the function of the product recommender in our real life, which provides great convenience for people to choose the appropriate decoration scheme in the process of interior design and decoration. A home improvement website or company can design a suitable recommendation algorithm to provide home improvement program recommendation services for users with decoration needs. After understanding the user behavior of the home decoration website, this paper proposes an interior design scheme recommendation method based on an improved collaborative filtering algorithm. The method designs a collaborative filtering algorithm that combines multilayer hybrid similarity and trust mechanisms. Fuzzy set membership function is introduced to correct users’ rating similarity, and users’ interest vector is extracted to calculate users’ preference for different types of items. The algorithm dynamically fuses those two aspects to obtain the mixed similarity of users; meanwhile, the user’s hybrid similarity and trust are fused in an adaptive model. Then, the user neighbor data set generated based on the overall similarity of users is used as a training set, taking the item scores and features into consideration. On the one hand, the users and the projects are taken into account as well. The final prediction score is more accurate, and the recommendation effect is better. The experimental results show that this method can recommend interior design schemes with high performance, and its performance is better than other methods.
Motor Imagination of Lower Limb Movements at Different Frequencies
Authors: Liu Yingtao , Chen Chao , Belkacem Abdelkader Nasreddine , Wang Zhiyong , Cheng Longlong , Wang Chun , Chang Yuexiao , Li Penghai
Published: December 2021

Motor imagination (MI) is the mental process of only imagining an action without an actual movement. Research on MI has made significant progress in feature information detection and machine learning decoding algorithms, but there are still problems, such as a low overall recognition rate and large differences in individual execution effects, which make the development of MI run into a bottleneck. Aiming at solving this bottleneck problem, the current study optimized the quality of the MI original signal by “enhancing the difficulty of imagination tasks,” conducted the qualitative and quantitative analyses of EEG rhythm characteristics, and used quantitative indicators, such as ERD mean value and recognition rate. Research on the comparative analysis of the lower limb MI of different tasks, namely, high-frequency motor imagination (HFMI) and low-frequency motor imagination (LFMI), was conducted. The results validate the following: the average ERD of HFMI (−1.827) is less than that of LFMI (−1.3487) in the alpha band, so did (−3.4756 < −2.2891) in the beta band. In the alpha and beta characteristic frequency bands, the average ERD of HFMI is smaller than that of LFMI, and the ERD values of the two are significantly different (

p
=
0.0074
<
0.01

; r = 0.945). The ERD intensity STD values of HFMI are less than those of LFMI. which suggests that the ERD intensity individual difference among the subjects is smaller in the HFMI mode than in the LFMI mode. The average recognition rate of HFMI is higher than that of LFMI (87.84% > 76.46%), and the recognition rate of the two modes is significantly different (

p
=
0.0034
<
0.01

; r = 0.429). In summary, this research optimizes the quality of MI brain signal sources by enhancing the difficulty of imagination tasks, achieving the purpose of improving the overall recognition rate of the lower limb MI of the participants and reducing the differences of individual execution effects and signal quality among the subjects.
Effects of Remifentanil and Sufentanil Anesthesia on Cardiac Function and Serological Parameters in Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Qin Zhigang , Xu Younian
Published: December 2021

In this study, we have investigated feasibility of remifentanil and sufentanil anesthesia in children with congenital heart disease surgery and its effects on cardiac function and serological parameters. For this purpose, a retrospective study was conducted on 120 children with congenital heart disease who underwent repair of ventricular septum or atrial septum in our hospital, specifically from January 2016 to January 2018, and 60 patients in each group were randomly divided into the control and treatment groups, respectively. The control group was anesthetized with sufentanil, and the treatment group was anesthetized with remifentanil. The heart function, serological indexes, and adverse reactions were observed and compared. We have observed that there was no significant difference in HR levels between these groups (

P
>
0.05

), but SDP and DBP values of the two groups were decreased after anesthetic induction (

P
<
0.05

). ACH, cortisol, and lactic acid in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of bradycardia, nausea and vomiting, hypotension, muscle rigidity, and respiratory depression in the treatment group was 16.67% lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Remifentanil has less influence on hemodynamics and a better analgesic effect than fentanyl in inhibiting stress response in congenital heart surgery, which provides reference and basis for children congenital heart surgery.
Minimum Variance Algorithm-Based Correlation Analysis between Body Mass Index and the Malignant Degree of Prostate Cancer Mediated under Ultrasound Images
Authors: Wei Yong , Zhu Hongru , Chen Peng , Zuo Wenren , Qian Wenhui , Zhu Qingyi
Published: December 2021

This study was to explore the correlation between the malignant degree of prostate cancer (PCa) and body mass index (BMI) mediated by ultrasound images under multioperator algorithm (MOA) based on minimum variance (MV) algorithm. MOA was established by optimizing the smoothing technique and diagonal loading algorithms of MV, and its quality and processing speed of ultrasound images were compared with other algorithms. Ninety two patients were selected as the subjects investigated, who had transrectal prostate biopsy mediated by ultrasound to be diagnosed as PCa in the hospital. Based on Gleason score and prostate specific antigen (PSA) value, all patients were divided into a high-risk PCa group (a high-risk group) and a non-high-risk PCa group (a non-high-risk group). The proportion of obese patients in the two groups was compared. The logistic regression analysis method was applied to analyze related factors of PCa development, and Pearson correlation was for analyzing the correlation between Gleason score and BMI of patients. The results showed that the number of patients in the high-risk group was greater than that of the non-high-risk group (

P

 < 0.05), while the proportion of nonobese patients in the non-high-risk group was markedly higher than that of the higher-risk group (

P

 < 0.01). Both PSA and BMI were obviously correlated with the development of high-risk PCa (

P

 < 0.05), and there was an extreme positive correlation between BMI and Gleason score (r = 0.661 and

P

 = 0.007). It indicated that MOA was established based on conventional MV, which could increase the ultrasonic image quality and calculation speed. Besides, BMI was a risk factor of high-risk PCa and was positively correlated with malignant degree of PCa, which provided a referable evidence for clinical evaluation of malignant degree of PCa.
Congenital Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis of 62 Patients in a Developing Country
Authors: Shatnawi Raed , Al-Latayfeh Motasem , Abu-Ain Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Purpose. This study was aimed at describing our experience in congenital cataract surgery in a developing Country. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in Amman, Jordan. The patients who were diagnosed with congenital cataract and underwent the surgery were included in the study. It was decided to use an intraocular lens if the corneal diameter was more than 10 millimeters. Results. The findings revealed that around 13 of the patients did not have any visual axis opacification, indicating that they were aphakic. Visual axis opacification was seen in 8 out of the total sample of participants. Eleven patients with obvious opacification of the visual axis were found to be pseudophakic after at least two procedures and were thus cleared. It was necessary to do a second surgery to rectify the visual axis opacification induced by pseudophakia, which was putting the patient’s ability to recuperate at danger. Three of them (or 12 percent) exhibited visual axis opacification, which is a rare occurrence. The intraocular lenses used in the remaining 24 patients were constructed of hydrophilic plastic. Conclusion. Patients are less prone to have visual axis opacification while implanted by hydrophobic intraocular lenses is something they should consider.
Passenger-to-Car Assignment Optimization Model for High-Speed Railway with Risk of COVID-19 Transmission Consideration
Authors: Zeng Jiaqi , Wang Dianhai , Zhang Guozheng , Yu Yi , Cai Zhengyi
Published: December 2021

Narrow and closed spaces like high-speed train cabins are at great risk for airborne infectious disease transmission. With the threat of COVID-19 as well as other potential contagious diseases, it is necessary to protect passengers from infection. Except for the traditional preventions such as increasing ventilation or wearing masks, this paper proposes a novel measurement that optimizes passenger-to-car assignment schemes to reduce the infection risk for high-speed railway passengers. First, we estimated the probability of an infected person boarding the train at any station. Once infectors occur, the non-steady-state Wells–Riley equation is used to model the airborne transmission intercar cabin. The expected number of susceptible passengers infected on the train can be calculated, which is the so-called overall infection risk. The model to minimize overall infection risk, as a pure integer quadratic programming problem, is solved by LINGO software and tested on several scenarios compared with the classical sequential and discrete assignment strategies used in China. The results show that the proposed model can reduce 67.6% and 56.8% of the infection risk in the base case compared to the sequential and discrete assignment, respectively. In other scenarios, the reduction lies mostly between 10% and 90%. The optimized assignment scheme suggests that the cotravel itinerary among passengers from high-risk and low-risk areas should be reduced, as well as passengers with long- and short-distance trips. Sensitivity analysis shows that our model works better when the incidence is higher at downstream or low-flow stations. Increasing the number of cars and car service capacity can also improve the optimization effect. Moreover, the model is applicable to other epidemics since it is insensitive to the Wells–Riley equation parameters. The results can provide a guideline for railway operators during the post-COVID-19 and other epidemic periods.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Simultaneous Multiple Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Yu-Ping , Zhang Mai , Li Li , Liao Hu , Ma Lin , Lin Feng , Chen Yue-Yun , Fu Chun-Xi , Huang Ting-Ting , Lu You , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2021

Background. Simultaneous multiple primary lung cancer has been detected increasingly nowadays with the development of image technology. However, the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes are not clear. Methods. All consecutive patients diagnosed as simultaneous multiple primary lung cancer according to Martini–Melamed and American College of Chest Physicians criteria from June 2010 to June 2019 in our center were enrolled. The clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with the same histological type and different histological types. Results. A total of 336 patients were enrolled, consisting of 297 (88.4%) patients with the same histological type and 39 (11.6%) patients with different histological types. Compared to patients with the same histological type, patients with different histological types were more commonly males (87.2% vs. 34.0%;

p
<
0.001

) with an older age (65 [62–69] vs. 59 [52–65] yrs;

p
<
0.001

) at diagnosis. Also, patients with different histological types showed worse respiratory function and more advanced stage according to TNM staging. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival of overall patients was 97.7%, 96.1%, and 92.2%, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence-free survival of overall patients was 96.8%, 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Importantly, patients with different histological types showed worse overall survival (

p
<
0.001

) and recurrence-free survival (

p
=
0.002

) than patients with same histological type. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model revealed that presence of different histological types was significant predictor for worse overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 10.00; 95% confidence interval: 2.92–34.48;

p
<
0.001

) and recurrence-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–5.88;

p
=
0.023

). Conclusions. Although relatively less common in simultaneous multiple primary lung cancer, patients with different histological types showed worse clinical characteristics and outcomes.