bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the variability of Elymus caninus (Poaceae) and closely related taxa from Russia and Kazakhstan using ISSR markers
Authors: Shabanova (Kobozeva) Elena , Emtseva Maria , Agafonov Alexander , Lu Baorong
Published: September 2020

A comparative study of taxa that are morphologically close to Elymus caninus, occurring in the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan, was carried out based on the ISSR molecular fingerprints. Data showed that the studied taxa are groups of individuals phylogenetically closely related to E. caninus. The assumption is confirmed that E. viridiglumis, as an Elymus species, has a polyphyletic origin as a part of microevolutionary processes in populations E. caninus s. l., possibly involving E. mutabilis. For the Caucasian endemic E. prokudinii and Kazakhstan endemic E. goloskokovii, the origin as result of introgression or spontaneous mutagenesis, i.e. a manifestation of the natural intraspecific polymorphism of E. caninus, is also assumed.
Demographic structure of Caryophyllaceae Juss. rare species coenopopulations in Uzbekistan
Authors: Shomurodov Khabibullo , Abduraimov Ozodbek , Rakhimova Nodira , Sharipova Vasila , Khayitov Rizamat
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment state of the ontogenetic structure of some rare species of the Caryophyllaceae Juss. (Acanthophyllum cyrtostegiumVved. andSilene tomentellaSchischk.), listed in the Red book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In different ecological conditions and plant communities in the Kyzylkum desert, the studied coenopopulations are normal, but incomplete. In most cases, yang grows is absent, which indicates an irregular renewal and elimination of young individuals due to lack of soil moisture, which is often observed in desert conditions. The ontogenetic spectra of investigated coenopopulations are centered and it coincides with the theoretically established spectrum. This, in general, reflects the biological characteristics of the studied species and indicates a stable state of the examined coenopopulations.
Hairy roots of pea mutants with a modified morph leaf type
Authors: Timina Olga , Timin Oleg , Aleksandrova Tat'yana
Published: September 2020

In the present study, some pea mutants rich in protein with a modified morph leaf type with af and tl genes were genetically transformed using different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes A-4, A-48, 15834. Even though a higher total protein content was obtained with the A-48 strain, maximum of the probable transformants were obtained with the A-4 strain but of transient character. The content of the total protein in hairy roots cultures, depending on the composition of the nutrient media and the growth phase of the culture, has been refined.
Introduction studies of Caucasian species of the genus Primula L. in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute
Authors: Trostenyuk Nadezhda , Sviatkovskaya Ekaterina , Saltan Natalia
Published: September 2020

The results of introduction studies of 15 Caucasian species of the genus Primula L. (Primula abchasica, P. acaulis, P. algida, P. amoena, P. cordifolia, P. darialica, P. farinosa, P. juliae, P. komarovii, P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii., P. saguramica, P. sibthorpii, P. woronowii) conducted in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute are presented. Currently, the institute’s collection contains 8 species (P. acaulis, P. amoena, P. juliae, P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii, P. saguramica, P. woronowii). Ecological and geographical analysis has shown that the species best adapted to the conditions of the Arctic are those that live in the alpine (P. algida, P. amoena, P. cordifolia, P. juliae, P. pallasii, P. ruprechtii, P. sibthorpii – introduction coefficient [IC] =9.4) and subalpine zones of mountains (P. macrocalyx, P. acaulis – IC=8.2). While plants found in the broad-leaved forest zone are less adapted to the new living conditions (P. komarovii, P. saguramica, P. woronowii -IC=6.4). The current research establishes that species of the genus Primula can serve as a source of plant assortments to replenish landscaping in cities in the Murmansk region. For this purpose two new decorative and sustainable species (P. macrocalyx h P. ruprechti) are recommended.
Identifying the rose varieties and natural forms using ISSR-markers
Authors: Vasilyeva Olga Yu. , Dorogina Olga V. , Yudanova Sophia S. , Plugatar Svetlana A. , Klimenko Zinaida K.
Published: September 2020

Identifying among varieties and natural forms of roses were carried out using ISSR thechnics to determine kinship. It was studied 6 foreign varieties, 16 varieties bred in Nikitsky Botanical Garden, as well as 2 natural forms (Rosa canina and Rosa chinensis). Despite some samples breaking into three clades, many of them don’t belong to any of these groups due to the lack of relative ties, that confirms the high genetic diversity in the studied material. The revealed molecular genetic differences in rose forms and varieties can be used to identify and certify cultivars promising for their complex resistance to the continental climate conditions.
Morphological feature ofPicipes (Polyporus) rhizophilus
Authors: Vlasenko Vyacheslav , Turmunkh Dejidmaa
Published: September 2020

Based on morphological research methods, the morphological characteristics of a rare species of polyporoid fungi –Polyporus rhizophilus, adapted to live as a parasite of grasses in steppe communities of subarid and arid regions, were evaluated. Morphological structures of fruiting bodies of fungi are subject to variability, which may be due to the influence of environmental factors and the specifics of the substrate on which the fruiting bodies of fungi develop. The appearance of identical morphological features in different phylogenetic groups is adaptive convergent. In this regard, molecular genetic research is a necessary condition for distinguishing taxa and clarifying their phylogenetic relationships.
The first record of a rare species of myxomycetes Perichaena heterospinispora in Asia
Authors: Vlasenko Anastasia , Budsuren Dondov , Ochirbat Enkhtuya , Samiya Javkhlan
Published: September 2020

In Mongolia, for the first time in Asia, a rare species of myxomycetes, Perichaena heterospinispora, has been recorded. Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar, in the steppes near Chinggis Khaan Airport. The article provides a description of this species, photographs of sporocarps, photographs of spores on a scanning electron microscope. A description and photographs of capillitial threads are presented for the first time. This rare species differs from all known species of the genus in its unique ornamentation of spores.
Fungi ecological niches of the genus Fusarium Link.
Authors: Vorob’eva Irina , Toropova Elena
Published: September 2020

Climatic variations and modern agricultural technologies change the fungi distribution area ofthe genus Fusarium Link., and lead to their dominance in pathocomplexes. The parasitic activity of fusarium fungi and localization of their ecological niches is determined by the activity of constantly expanding environmental and anthropogenic drivers. The fundamental niches of Fusarium pathogens are characterized by complexity and multidimensionality. Realized ecological niches change in space and time at the ontogenesis different stages of pathogenic micromycetes; the same species shows high heterogeneity in implementing its fundamental niche depending on environmental factors and the host plant species. The overlap level of ecological niches and interspecific relationships largely determine the species composition of the pathogenic complex of adiscrete phytocenosis.
𝕃p solutions of reflected backward stochastic differential equations with jumps
Authors: Yao Song
Published: September 2020

Given p ∈ (1, 2), we study 𝕃p-solutions of a reflected backward stochastic differential equation with jumps (RBSDEJ) whose generator g is Lipschitz continuous in (y, z, u). Based on a general comparison theorem as well as the optimal stopping theory for uniformly integrable processes under jump filtration, we show that such a RBSDEJ with p-integrable parameters admits a unique 𝕃p solution via a fixed-point argument. The Y -component of the unique 𝕃p solution can be viewed as the Snell envelope of the reflecting obstacle 𝔏 under g-evaluations, and the first time Y meets 𝔏 is an optimal stopping time for maximizing the g-evaluation of reward 𝔏.
Chirurgie des Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Lorenz Kerstin , Pfeiffer Claudiu
Published: September 2020

Der größte Anteil der Nebenschilddrüsenchirurgie entfällt auf den primären Hyperparathyreoidismus, für den ursächlich das solitäre Nebenschilddrüsenadenom überwiegt. Die gesicherte Diagnose des primären Hyperparathyreoidismus indiziert prinzipiell die einzig kurative Therapie, die Operation. Für eine erfolgreiche Operation und v. a. für ein fokussiertes Vorgehen ist die präoperative Lokalisation sehr hilfreich, aber eine negative oder inkonklusive Lokalisation stellt keine Kontraindikation zur Operation dar. In der modernen Hyperparathyreoidismuschirurgie kommen technische Hilfsmittel wie Lupenbrille, intraoperative PTH-Bestimmung und intraoperatives Neuromonitoring zum Einsatz. Hyperparathyreoidsmusformen, die mit einer Mehrdrüsenerkrankung einhergehen, erfordern eine bilaterale Exploration und eine abgewogene, individuell angepasste Entscheidung zum Ausmaß der erforderlichen Nebenschilddrüsenresektion. Insbesondere Wiederholungseingriffe bei Persistenz oder Rezidiv eines Hyperparathyreoidismus sollten nur in Zentren mit ausgewiesener endokrin-chirurgischer Expertise und moderner technischer Ausstattung durchgeführt werden.
A New Diterpene and Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Sigesbeckia orientalis
Authors: Engels Nora S. , Gierlikowska Barbara , Waltenberger Birgit , Chang Fang-Rong , Kiss Anna K. , Stuppner Hermann
Published: September 2020

Sigesbeckia orientalis, more commonly referred to as Herba Sigesbeckiae or Xi Xian Cao in traditional Chinese medicine and hy thiêm in traditional Vietnamese medicine, is used in China and Vietnam to treat inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, and joint pain. In initial investigations, the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of S. orientalis showed distinct inhibitory effects on the release of interleukin-8 in human neutrophils. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract and the in vitro analysis of the effects of the isolated compounds on interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 release, and surface expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human neutrophils to identify the active principle(s). The separation of the bioactive
dichloromethane extract using various chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of nine compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. One diterpene, 17(13 → 14)-abeo-ent-3S*,13S*,16-trihydroxystrob-8(15)-ene, was identified as a new natural product. Three germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones inhibited interleukin-8 production with IC50 values between 1.6 and 6.3 µM, respectively, and tumor necrosis factor-α production with IC50 values between 0.9 and 3.3 µM, respectively. Furthermore, they significantly inhibited interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production and diminished the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the surface expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L. These findings support the traditional use of S. orientalis in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The role of endoscopic ultrasound guidance for biliary and pancreatic duct access and drainage to overcome the limitations of ERCP: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: García-Alonso Francisco Javier , Peñas-Herrero Irene , Sanchez-Ocana Ramon , Villarroel Mariano , Cimavilla Marta , Bazaga Sergio , De Benito Sanz Marina , Gil-Simon Paula , de la Serna-Higuera Carlos , Perez-Miranda Manuel
Published: September 2020

Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ductal access and drainage (EUS-DAD) of biliary/pancreatic ducts after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is less invasive than percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). The actual need for EUS-DAD remains unknown. We aimed to determine how often EUS-DAD is needed to overcome ERCP failure.

Methods Consecutive duct access procedures (n = 2205; 95 % biliary) performed between June 2013 and November 2015 at a tertiary-care center were reviewed. ERCP was used first line, EUS-DAD as salvage after ERCP, and PTBD when both had failed. Procedures were defined as “index” in patients without prior endoscopic duct access and “combined” when EUS-DAD followed successful ERCP. The main outcomes were the EUS-DAD and PTBD rates.

Results EUS-DAD was performed in 7.7 % (170/2205) of overall procedures: 9.1 % (116/1274) index and 5.8 % (54/931) follow-up. Most index EUS-DADs were performed following (46 %) or anticipating (39 %) ERCP failure, whereas 15 % followed successful ERCP (combined procedures). Among index procedures, the EUS-DAD rate was higher in surgically altered anatomy (58.2 % [39 /67)] vs. 6.4 % [77/1207]); PTBD was required in 0.2 % (3/1274). Among follow-up procedures, ERCP represented 85.7 %, cholangiopancreatography through mature transmural fistulas 8.5 %, and EUS-DAD 5.8 %; no patient required PTBD. The secondary PTBD rate was 0.1 % (3/2205). Six primary PTBDs were performed (overall PTBD rate 0.4 % [9/2205]).

Conclusions EUS-DAD was required in 7.7 % of ERCPs for benign and malignant biliary/pancreatic duct indications. Salvage PTBD was required in 0.1 %. This high EUS-DAD rate reflects disease complexity, a wide definition of ERCP failure, and restrictive PTBD use, not poor ERCP skills. EUS-DAD effectively overcomes the limitations of ERCP eliminating the need for primary and salvage PTBD in most cases.
Molecular Genetic Testing in Pediatric and Adult Neurology in Iraq: New Experience and Challenges from a Developing Country
Authors: Saadi Nebal Waill , Yassin Batool Ali Ghalib , Makhseed Nawal , Hadi Ameer Shaker
Published: September 2020

Inherited neurological disorders are reasonably common in pediatric and adult neurology practices. Genetic testing for such disorders does carry promise, but is fraught with challenges and difficulties. This study was conducted to assess the utility of genetic testing in a cohort of 200 patients who had neurological disorders, suspected to be of inherited origin, and for whom molecular genetic testing was requested during the period 2014 to 2019. Two hundred and eight tests were ordered. The characteristics of that practice were reviewed. Further, we summarized the challenges and highlighted the concerns that were raised. The medical records of 200 patients were retrieved and reviewed to assess the demographic characteristics of the cohort, their clinical presentation, genetic test requested for each, and the interpretation of the test results.
Optimal Sedation and Pain Management: A Patient- and Symptom-Oriented Paradigm
Authors: Shehabi Yahya , Al-Bassam Wisam , Pakavakis Adrian , Murfin Brendan , Howe Belinda
Published: September 2020

In the critically ill patient, optimal pain and sedation management remains the cornerstone of achieving comfort, safety, and to facilitate complex life support interventions. Pain relief, using multimodal analgesia, is an integral component of any orchestrated approach to achieve clinically appropriate goals in critically ill patients. Sedative management, however, remains a significant challenge. Subsequent studies including most recent randomized trials have failed to provide strong evidence in favor of a sedative agent, a mode of sedation or ancillary protocols such as sedative interruption and sedative minimization. In addition, clinical practice guidelines, despite a comprehensive evaluation of relevant literature, have limitations when applied to individual patients. These limitations have been most apparent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. As such, there is a need for a mindset shift to a practical and achievable sedation strategy, driven by patients' characteristics and individual patient needs, rather than one cocktail for all patients. In this review, we present key principles to achieve patient-and symptom-oriented optimal analgesia and sedation in the critically ill patients. Sedative intensity should be proportionate to care complexity with due consideration to an individual patient's modifiers. The use of multimodal analgesics, sedatives, and antipsychotics agents—that are easily titratable—reduces the overall quantum of sedatives and opioids, and reduces the risk of adverse events while maximizing clinical benefits. In addition, critical considerations regarding the choice of sedative agents should be given to factors such as age, medical versus operative diagnosis, and cardiovascular status. Specific populations such as trauma, neurological injury, and pregnancy should also be taken into account to maximize efficacy and reduce adverse events.
A Novel Mutation in Aicardi–Goutières' Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikh-Hosseini Motahareh , Moarefzadeh Mohammad , Alavi-Moghaddam Hamideh , Morovvati Saeid
Published: September 2020

Aicardi–Goutières' syndrome (AGS) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by encephalopathy and may bear resemblance to congenital infections. The prevalence of AGS is estimated at more than 4,000 worldwide. Mutations in TREX1 gene are present in ∼22% of patients. We present the case of a 2-year-old boy who came to the Biogene laboratory (Tehran, Iran) with a constellation of congenital disorders but no clear diagnosis. His clinical phenotype consisted of neonatal jaundice, relative microcephaly with diffuse cerebral atrophy in both hemispheres, developmental delay, hypotonia, and nystagmus. There was history of parental consanguineous marriage and prematurity. In our study, a homozygous potentially pathogenic mutation in TREX1 gene associated with AGS1 was detected. This mutation has not been reported in the other patients with AGS. A novel frameshift homozygous potentially pathogenic mutation in TREX1 is postulated to be the cause of disease in our patient.
Thalamic Lesions in a Toddler with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: AlMuslamani Ahood , Taha Mohamed
Published: September 2020

We present a child with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with bilateral thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. A healthy 21-month-old girl, after superrefractory status epilepticus (SE) and fever developed dyskinesia and ataxia, which we subsequently diagnosed as GAD AE. She showed remarkable response to treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Following an initial normal MRI of her brain, a further brain imaging showed bilateral thalamic lesions. This is an unusual finding since brain imaging abnormalities, when found in GAD AE, mostly involve the mesial temporal lobe structures. Thalamic lesions in GAD AE have not been reported previously.
Robust spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic multilayers with weak bulk spin Hall effect
Authors: Liu Q. B. , Meng K. K. , Zheng S. Q. , Chen J. K. , Miao J. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y.
Published: September 2020

The spin currents generated by spin–orbit coupling in nonmagnetic metals or at interfaces with broken inversion symmetry are particularly important for devices with extraordinary performance. We have investigated the spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in Ru/Fe/HfO2 heterostructures with weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Although the bulk spin Hall effect (SHE) of the Ru layer is smaller than that of Pt, Ta, or W, robust SOT-induced magnetization switching can also be realized. Through nonadiabatic harmonic measurements, the effective spin Hall angle in Ru/Fe/HfO2 heterostructures is calculated to be −0.045. We have explored the mechanisms of spin current generation, which could stem from the Ru/Fe interfaces other than the weak bulk SHE of Ru. Our results suggest the spin current generation mechanisms in ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal heterostructures remain to be further explored.
Numerical experiments in separating and reattaching flows
Authors: Cimarelli A. , Franciolini M. , Crivellini A.
Published: September 2020

We report high-order implicit large Eddy simulations of flows around flat plates with massive flow separation and reattachment. The aim is to provide evidence of the influence of relevant flow parameters such as the geometry of the leading-edge corner, the presence of a trailing-edge flow separation, and of a flow coupling between the two sides of the plate. The results reveal that flows with right-angled corners develop taller flow recirculations, which promote very-slow instability of the bubble itself. This large-scale unsteadiness is then found to be the basis of negative turbulence production mechanisms that in turn enhance the height of the bubble itself, thus closing a self-sustained cycle. The absence of these phenomena in flows with smooth leading-edge corners is also found to explain their high sensitivity to free-stream turbulence. The observed behaviors may have strong repercussions for theories and closures of separating and reattaching flows and should be carefully taken into account in control strategies used in the applications.
Proton beam position measurement in air using a BPM
Authors: Roy Prabir K. , Lewellen John W. , Neukirch Levi P. , Watkins Heath A.
Published: September 2020

A Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is potentially useful to measure the position and phase of the beam in air in a non-destructive way. An air-gap BPM in experiments, such as beam-induced radioactive waste management and dynamic radiography applications, where a so-called air gap is needed, can be utilized to measure the beam position and phase. In this study, a stripline BPM was used in the air-gap of an 800 MeV proton beam transport line. The downstream end of the primary beamline exit window was made of a thin aluminum plate and allowed the beam to travel 1.2 m in ambient air before re-entering into a vacuum drift section. Such a configuration was arranged to examine the BPM effectiveness in atmospheric temperature and pressure where ionization of air occurs. In this study, a high energy (800 MeV), high current (0.6 A beam peak current/pulse) proton beam of 5 mm radius was transported in the air. The beam position relative to the axis was measured by detecting the signature of the beam in a nanosecond scale. This nanosecond scale detection ability was useful to identify other signals such as plasma effects. The BPM signals were processed at a frequency of 201 MHz; thus, one gets a stronger response in a stripline pattern as it was used in this study instead of a dot-type BPM. Experimental data show that the BPM works well in air, but ionization of air or plasma formation could not be measured over the BPM signal. The design, construction, and performance of a BPM in air environment are presented.
Investigation and back-propagation modeling of base pressure at sonic and supersonic Mach numbers
Authors: Afzal Asif , Khan Sher Afghan , Islam Md. Tariqul , Jilte R. D. , Khan Ambareen , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M.
Published: September 2020

The experimental analysis of base pressure in a high-speed compressible flow is carried out. The flow is made to expand abruptly from the nozzle into an enlarged duct at fifteen sonic and supersonic Mach numbers. The analysis is made for variation in the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), length to diameter ratio, and area ratio. The effect of active micro-jets on the base and wall pressure is assessed. The data visualization of the huge experimental data generated is performed using heat maps. For the first time, six back-propagation neural network models (BPMs) are developed based on input and output possibilities to predict the pressure in high-speed flows. The experimental analysis revealed that depending upon the type of expansion, the base pressure changes. A jet of air blown at the base using micro-jets is found to be effective in increasing the base pressure during the under-expansion regime, while the wall pressure remains unaffected. The data visualization provided an insight into the highest impact on the base pressure by the NPR. The six BPMs with two hidden layers having four neurons per layer are found to be most suitable for the regression analysis. BPM 5 and BPM 6 accurately predict the highly non-linear data of the base and wall pressure.
Enhancement of spin signals by thermal annealing in silicon-based lateral spin valves
Authors: Yamashita N. , Lee S. , Ohshima R. , Shigematsu E. , Koike H. , Suzuki Y. , Miwa S. , Goto M. , Ando Y. , Shiraishi M.
Published: September 2020

The effect of thermal annealing on spin accumulation signals in silicon (Si)-based lateral spin devices is investigated. The annealing is carried out after fabrication of the spin devices, which allows us to directly compare the spin-related phenomena before and after annealing. The magnitude of non-local four-terminal signals (ΔVnl) at room temperature is increased more than two-fold after annealing at 300 °C for 1 h. The channel length dependence of ΔVnl and the Hanle signals reveal that the spin polarization of the ferromagnetic contact is increased by the annealing. In contrast, the spin diffusion length and spin lifetime in the Si channel do not change.
Phonon-limited electronic transport of two-dimensional ultrawide bandgap material h-BeO
Authors: Ge Yanfeng , Wan Wenhui , Ren Yulu , Li Fei , Liu Yong
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional ultrawide bandgap materials have compelling potential advantages in nano high-power semiconductors, deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics, and so on. Recently, two-dimensional few-layer h-BeO predicted as an ultrawide bandgap material has been synthesized in the experiment. In the present work, the first-principles calculations show that monolayer h-BeO has an indirect bandgap of 7.05 eV with the HSE functional. The ultrawide bandgap results from the atomic electronegativity difference in the polar h-BeO. The electronic transport properties are also systematically investigated by using the Boltzmann transport theory. The polar LO phonons generate the macroscopic polarization field and strongly couple to electrons by the Fröhlich interaction. Limited by the electron-phonon scattering, monolayer h-BeO has a high mobility of 452 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Further studies indicate that the biaxial tensile strain can reduce the electron effective mass and enhance the electron-phonon coupling strength. A suitable strain promotes the mobility to ∼1000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature.
Dielectric relaxations and optical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride/chitosan films
Authors: El-Sayed S. , Farag Zeinab R. , Saber S.
Published: September 2020

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was blended with different ratios (5%, 7%, and 10% w/w) of chitosan (CS). The dielectric properties of pure PVDF and CS/PVDF films were investigated in (30 °C–140 °C) and (102 Hz–106 Hz) ranges. Both frequency and temperature dependence of the real part, M′, and the imaginary part, M″, of the dielectric modulus were analyzed. The ac conductivity (σac) of all samples was studied to throw light on the conduction mechanism. Results of the UV–vis spectra of the films were discussed to determine important optical parameters when CS is blended with PVDF. There is a good consistency between the dielectric and optical results.
New method for the synthesis of heterospin metal complexes with nitroxides
Authors: Ovcharenko Victor I. , Kuznetsova Olga V.
Published: September 2020

A new approach was developed to synthesize transition metal complexes with nitroxides based on the simultaneous involvement of nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide in the reaction with metal. It was shown that the reaction of a metal with nitronyl nitroxide can afford a metal complex containing two different radicals in the metal coordination sphere in the case when imino nitroxide is generated in the reaction medium via a redox process. The reaction of a metal with imino nitroxide also can give mixed-ligand complexes, in which the metal coordinates both the starting imino nitroxide and its reduction product — the corresponding amidine oxide. This compound can be prepared by an alternative synthesis using the reaction of metal with sterically hindered amidine oxide, resulting in the formation of mixed-ligand coordination compounds through the coordination of both the starting amidine oxide and its oxidation product — imino nitroxide. In the latter case, the following conditions have to be met: the reaction should be performed in the presence of oxygen and transition metal, which can easily change its oxidation state under ambient conditions (CoII, MnII, FeII). To synthesize mixed-ligand complexes with transition metals that are not prone to change the oxidation state under ambient conditions (NiII, ZnII), a specially prepared mixture of nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide should be added to the reaction mixture. It is worth noting that the reaction can be performed using nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide belonging to different series, which significantly extends the scope of the method.

The bibliography includes 156 references.
Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene/Manganese Dioxide Nanowire Composites as Electrode Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Xinfeng , Yu Xinling , Sun Lidong , Chen Liqing , Liu Cui , Zhang Shudong , Wang Zhenyang , Chen Lanli , Li Nian
Published: September 2020

Flexible supercapacitors are of great significance for the development of intelligent electronic products and wearable devices. Herein, through reasonable design, self-supporting flexible film composites that can be used as supercapacitor electrodes, are synthesised by vacuum filtration. The composites are composed of electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanosheets and MnO2 nanowires, in which the graphene nanosheets mainly play the role of skeleton support, enhance conductivity, and provide electric double-layer capacitance, while the MnO2 nanowires mainly provide pseudocapacitance. Results show that the sample with 20% MnO2 possesses the best electrochemical performance due to the mass ratio which can give full play to the pseudocapacitive properties of MnO2 and the conductivity of graphene. The maximum mass specific capacitance reaches 106.2F g−1 at 0.5A g−1, and the areal specific capacitance is 767.0mF cm−2 at 1mA cm−2. The electrode also maintains 86.7% of the initial capacitance after 10000 cycles, indicating good cyclic stability. Furthermore, an asymmetric solid supercapacitor based on flexible thin films is assembled. The energy density is 20.7Wh kg−1, the power density is 1000W kg−1, and the capacitance remains 84.2% after 3000 cycles at 5.0A g−1. These results suggest that the as-prepared self-supporting material has the potential to be used to construct flexible supercapacitors for wearable equipment.
Le dije yo, digo
Authors: Posio Pekka , Pešková Andrea
Published: September 2020

Abstracto

El presente estudio examina la forma y la función de los introductores cuotativos con el verbodecir, a saber, secuencias utilizadas para introducir diálogo construido en el discurso, en el español peninsular y argentino. Se identifican y se investigan varias diferencias morfosintácticas y distribucionales entre las dos variedades en cuanto a la expresión y posición de los argumentos del verbo, así como la referencia temporal del verbo cuotativo. Los resultados apuntan hacia un nivel más alto de construccionalización de los introductores cuotativos en la variedad peninsular que en la argentina. Además, la variedad peninsular cuenta con marcadores cuotativos invariablesdigoydice, que no ocurren en la variedad argentina. Proponemos que los marcadores cuotativos se consideren como un subtipo independiente de marcadores del discurso.
Additive particle uses in Hungarian
Authors: Balogh Kata
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we investigate empirical data that raise challenging issues with respect to focus sensitivity of the Hungarian additive particleis‘also, too’. In Hungarian, the additive particle is attached to a constituent, and theis-phrase cannot occupy the structural focus position. This raises the issue how to capture the focus sensitivity ofis. We propose a primarily pragmatic, context-based analysis of the Hungarian additive particle, where the particle associates with the pragmatic focus (Lambrecht 1994) determined on basis of the immediate question under discussion (Roberts 2012). Important evidence for this claim is that the Hungarian additive particle can take different semantic associates, corresponding to the pragmatic focus of the sentence. After discussing the Hungarian data, we will present the analysis in the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997;Van Valin 2005). To capture Hungarian and English data in a uniform way, important extensions of the framework will be proposed.
The role of the affective in interpreting in conflict zones
Authors: Ruiz Rosendo Lucía
Published: September 2020

This article explores the role of the affective in interpreting in intractable conflicts. Drawing on the results of a
participatory research project exploring the lived experiences of civilian interpreters and Spanish military personnel who worked in
Afghanistan, the article argues that emotions shape the interpreter’s behaviour and have an impact on the interpreter’s positionality. There
are differences, however, between national and local interpreters, which stem from their previous experiences and how these have shaped
their understanding of the conflict. This has also led them to develop different attitudes that influence their perception and
interpretation of reality. Accepting that emotions do exist and that they influence the interpreter’s decisions and behaviour should inform
the design of tailored training programmes. The key aspects of a well-informed training programme are therefore not limited to language and
culture, professionalism and ethics, and military competencies, but also include awareness about the role of emotions.
Nonreciprocal transmission and asymmetric fast–slow light effect in an optomechanical system with two

PT

-symmetric mechanical resonators
Authors: Wang Lan , Chen Yao-Tong , Yin Kai , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2020

We explore nonreciprocal transmission behaviors in an optomechanical system, in which two dissipative cavity modes are coupled with each other and also with two parity-time-symmetric mechanical modes. Two cavities, one of which is probed by a weak field, are driven by two strong control fields, respectively. With the active-passive mechanical-resonator scheme, such a closed-loop four-mode system can show an amplification behavior of the probe field with three transmission windows based on optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT). Due to the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry corresponding to the relative phase between two control fields, the amplified nonreciprocal transmission can be realized in the middle OMIT window and its direction can be controlled via the phase modulation. In addition, the system can also show asymmetric group velocities of light propagation, i.e. the tunable asymmetric fast–slow light effects, for example, slow lights along a direction and fast lights along the other one. It is of interest that the dynamic asymmetric fast-to-slow light conversion can be realized periodically by phase modulation. Such a system of three OMIT windows, acting as the schemes of the directional amplifier and all-optical switch of the direction and velocity of light, may provide underlying applications in the photonic network and information communicating process involving multi-signal transmission.
Effect of ion transfer on energy gain of ultra-intense crossing laser beams
Authors: Xie Duan , Jiao Jinlong , Zhuo Hongbin , Zhu Peidong , Dong Hu
Published: September 2020

An interesting phenomenon called ‘ion transfer’, which may obviously affect the energy gain of cross-beams via changing the momentum and density of plasmas, is demonstrated. The increment of plasma momentum induced by it will be proportional to the transferred energy of the cross-beam according to the momentum conservation law. In addition, the ‘ion transfer’-induced variation of plasma density can be attributed to the balance of the ponderomotive force of the cross-beam and the plasma electron thermal pressure, which is proportional to the total intensity of the cross-beam, while inversely proportional to the plasma electron temperature. These results may make up for the deficiency of the existing linear coupled-mode-equations when investigating the cross-beam energy transfer under the action of ultra-intense laser.
Research on convergence of the nuclear matrix elements for 2νββ decays *
Authors: Hu Yue , Li Hantao , Dong Chengwei
Published: September 2020

In this work, the characteristics of 2νββ decays for six nuclei (

Ar,

Ca,

Ca,

Cr,

Zn, and

Xe) in a mass range from

to

are studied within the nuclear shell model (NSM) framework. Calculations are presented for the half-lives, nuclear matrix elements (NMEs), phase space factors (

), and convergence of the NMEs. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data. In addition, we predict the half-lives of

decays for four nuclei. We focus on the convergence of the NMEs by analyzing the number of contributing intermediate

states (

) for the nuclei of interest. We assume that

is safely determined when the accumulated NMEs saturate 99.7% of the final calculated magnitude. From the calculations of the involved nuclei, we discover a connection between

and the total number of intermediate

states (

). According to the least squares fit, we conclude that the correlation is

.
Stability of the coplanar planetary four-body system
Authors: Liu Chao , Gong Sheng-Ping , Li Jun-Feng
Published: September 2020

We consider the coplanar planetary four-body problem, where three planets orbit a large star without the cross of their orbits. The system is stable if there is no exchange or cross of orbits. Starting from the Sundman inequality, the equation of the kinematical boundaries is derived. We discuss a reasonable situation, where two planets with known orbits are more massive than the third one. The boundaries of possible motions are controlled by the parameter c
2
E. If the actual value of c
2
E is less than or equal to a critical value (c
2
E)
cr
, then the regions of possible motions are bounded and therefore the system is stable. The criteria obtained in special cases are applied to the Solar System and the currently known extrasolar planetary systems. Our results are checked using N-body integrator.
X-ray absorption and 9.7 μm silicate feature as a probe of AGN torus structure
Authors: Xu Jun , Sun Mou-Yuan , Xue Yong-Quan , Li Jun-Yao , He Zhi-Cheng
Published: September 2020

The dusty torus plays a vital role in unifying active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the physical structure of the torus remains largely unclear. Here we present a systematical investigation of the torus mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic feature, i.e., the 9.7μm silicate line, of 175 AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT Spectroscopic Survey (BASS). Our sample is constructed to ensure that each of the 175 AGNs has Spizter/IRS MIR, optical, and X-ray spectroscopic coverage. Therefore, we can simultaneously measure the silicate strength, optical emission lines, and X-ray properties (e.g., the column density and the intrinsic X-ray luminosity). We show that, consistent with previous works, the silicate strength is weakly correlated with the hydrogen column density (

N
H
X

), albeit with large scatters. For X-ray unobscured AGNs, the silicate-strength-derived V-band extinction and the broad-Hα-inferred one are both small; however, for X-ray obscured AGNs, the former is much larger than the latter. In addition, we find that the optical type 1 AGNs with strong X-ray absorption on average show significant silicate absorption, indicating that their X-ray absorption might not be caused by dust-free gas in the broad-line region. Our results suggest that the distribution and structure of the obscuring dusty torus are likely to be very complex. We test our results against the smooth and clumpy torus models and find evidence in favor of the clumpy torus model.
Physics to plan AWAKE Run 2
Authors: Muggli Patric
Published: September 2020

We briefly describe the basic physics principles considered for planning of the AWAKE Run 2 experiment. These principles are based on experimental results obtained during Run 1 and knowledge obtained from numerical simulation results and other experiments. The goal of Run 2 is to accelerate an electron bunch with a narrow relative energy spread and an emittance sufficiently low for applications. The experiment will use two plasmas, electron bunch seeding for the SM process, on-axis external injection of an electron bunch and electron bunch parameters to reach plasma blow-out, beam loading and beam matching.
Shutter luminous fibres based on rare-earth materials for real-time thermal response
Authors: Jin Yang , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhu Yanan , Pang Zengyuan , Ge Mingqiao
Published: September 2020

Rare earth luminescent materials (RELMs) are commonly used in optics and products intended for safety and decoration. However, there is still a great challenge to alternate the emission performance after the RELMs are activated. In this work, a novel shutter luminous fibre (SLF) was developed using a water-spin method with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the filament material. The emission performance of the RELMs SLFs could be alternated at near-ambient temperatures. A heat-sensitive thermochromic pigment composed mainly of 7-Anilino-3-diethylamino-6-methyl fluoran (TF-BL1) served as the shutter material. The emitting properties, shielding effect, and the temperature response behaviour of RELMs SLFs with primary colour-emitting properties (Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+; SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+; and Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+) were investigated. The quinoid structure of TF-BL1 blocked the light of primary colours at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the lactone structure of TF-BL1 allowed the light of the RELMs to emit. SLFs with real-time responding behaviour have great potential as electronic skin in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and camouflage applications.
scAPAtrap: identification and quantification of alternative polyadenylation sites from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Liu Tao , Ye Congting , Ye Wenbin , Ji Guoli
Published: September 2020

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates diverse mRNA isoforms, which contributes to transcriptome diversity and gene expression regulation by affecting mRNA stability, translation and localization in cells. The rapid development of 3′ tag-based single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, such as CEL-seq and 10x Genomics, has led to the emergence of computational methods for identifying APA sites and profiling APA dynamics at single-cell resolution. However, existing methods fail to detect the precise location of poly(A) sites or sites with low read coverage. Moreover, they rely on priori genome annotation and can only detect poly(A) sites located within or near annotated genes. Here we proposed a tool called scAPAtrap for detecting poly(A) sites at the whole genome level in individual cells from 3′ tag-based scRNA-seq data. scAPAtrap incorporates peak identification and poly(A) read anchoring, enabling the identification of the precise location of poly(A) sites, even for sites with low read coverage. Moreover, scAPAtrap can identify poly(A) sites without using priori genome annotation, which helps locate novel poly(A) sites in previously overlooked regions and improve genome annotation. We compared scAPAtrap with two latest methods, scAPA and Sierra, using scRNA-seq data from different experimental technologies and species. Results show that scAPAtrap identified poly(A) sites with higher accuracy and sensitivity than competing methods and could be used to explore APA dynamics among cell types or the heterogeneous APA isoform expression in individual cells. scAPAtrap is available at https://github.com/BMILAB/scAPAtrap.
Home or Care? A Comparison of Educational Outcomes for Maltreated Children
Authors: Cusworth Linda , Tracey Louise , Baldwin Helen , Biehal Nina
Published: September 2020

Previous research has highlighted the poor educational attainment of children in out-of-home care, until relatively recently seen as a potential failure of the care system itself. However, the relationship between care and education outcomes is complex. It is important to disentangle the impact of the care system from that of adverse circumstances leading to admission to care. In this study, educational outcomes for 68 children (aged 3–9 years) in foster-care due to concerns about abuse or neglect were compared to those for 166 children with current or past child welfare involvement living at home. Data from teacher assessments of communication and literacy, and a standardized measure of receptive vocabulary were analysed. Accounting for key differences between the two groups, there was little evidence that educational attainment of children in care was significantly worse than that of children living at home. The findings suggest that being in care is unlikely to be the direct cause of poor educational achievement amongst children in care relative to the wider population of children. The study has implications for the ways in which schools and other services, both across the UK and internationally, work with children in and on the margins of care.
Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Epidemiology and Risk Outcomes
Authors: Haller Paul M , Beer Benedikt N , Tonkin Andrew M , Blankenberg Stefan , Neumann Johannes T
Published: September 2020

Background

The use of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established for diagnostic purposes. Cardiac troponins, as specific markers of myocardial injury, and natriuretic peptides, reflecting myocardial dilation, are routinely used for diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, a substantial body of research has shed light on the ability of biomarkers to reflect the risk of future major cardiovascular events. Among biomarkers, troponin and members of the natriuretic peptide family have been investigated extensively in the general population, in those at higher risk, and in patients with known CVD. Both biomarkers have been shown to contribute substantially to statistical models describing cardiovascular risk, in addition to and independently of important clinical characteristics. The more precise identification of individuals at risk by appropriate use of biomarkers might lead to an earlier initiation of preventive therapies and potentially avoid significant events.

Content

We summarize the current evidence concerning risk prediction using cardiac biomarkers at different stages in the development of CVD and provide examples of observational studies and large-scale clinical trials testing such application. Beyond the focus on troponin and natriuretic peptides, we also discuss other important and emerging biomarkers in the field with potential for such application, including growth differentiation factor-15, soluble ST2 (alias for IL1RL1 [interleukin 1 receptor like 1), and galectin-3.

Incorporating biomarkers in risk prediction models might allow more precise identification of individuals at risk. Among the various biomarkers, cardiac troponin appears to be the most promising for prediction of future cardiovascular events in a wide variety of patient populations.