bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of monocytes and endothelial cells in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Madeeva Daria , Cines Douglas B. , Poncz Mortimer , Rauova Lubica
Published: August 2016

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. The mechanisms leading to platelet destruction are complex and the thrombotic complications of HIT appear to be due to multiple different intravascular targets. The dual binding of HIT antibodies to platelet surface PF4/GAG complexes and to FcγRIIA likely leads to both platelet clearance and to their direct activation. Monocytes and endothelial cells bind PF4 with higher avidity than platelets and are more resistant to competitive removal of surface-bound PF4 in the presence of heparin. Binding of HIT antibodies to PF4/glycosaminoglycan complexes on the surface on these cells leads to their activation and increased procoagulant activity. Binding of higher levels of PF4 released from activated platelets to the endothelium may lead to changes of the anticoagulant properties of the glycocalyx and target the endothelial cells for HIT antibodies. Pathogenic antibodies bound to endothelial cells further promote prothrombotic conditions by a mechanism that is independent of FcγR activation, yet not completely understood. A more detailed understanding of the role of monocytes and endothelium may identify new targets for intervention to mitigate the risk of thrombosis with less impact on systemic haemostasis than current approaches to treatment for this serious disorder.
Connexins in endothelial barrier function – novel therapeutic targets countering vascular hyperpermeability
Authors: Soon Allyson Shook , Chua Jia , Becker David
Published: August 2016

Prolonged vascular hyperpermeability is a common feature of many diseases. Vascular hyperpermeability is typically associated with changes in the expression patterns of adherens and tight junction proteins. Here, we focus on the less-appreciated contribution of gap junction proteins (connexins) to basal vascular permeability and endothelial dysfunction. First, we assess the association of connexins with endothelial barrier integrity by introducing tools used in connexin biology and relating the findings to customary readouts in vascular biology. Second, we explore potential mechanistic ties between connexins and junction regulation. Third, we review the role of connexins in microvascular organisation and development, focusing on interactions of the endothelium with mural cells and tissue-specific perivascular cells. Last, we see how connexins contribute to the interactions between the endothelium and components of the immune system, by using neutrophils as an example. Mounting evidence of crosstalk between connexins and other junction proteins suggests that we rethink the way in which different junction components contribute to endothelial barrier function. Given the multiple points of connexin-mediated communication arising from the endothelium, there is great potential for synergism between connexin-targeted inhibitors and existing immune-targeted therapeutics. As more drugs targeting connexins progress through clinical trials, it is hoped that some might prove effective at countering vascular hyperpermeability.
Sobre a écfrase do capítulo 24 do 1º livro do Compêndio Narrativo do Peregrino da América de Nuno Marques Pereira
Authors: Hansen João Adolfo
Published: August 2016

O texto expõe alguns procedimentos retóricos de composição das écfrases ou descrições de cenas fictícias do capítulo 24 do 1º volume de Compêndio Narrativo do Peregrino da América (1728), de Nuno Marques Pereira.
Diabetes Mellitus and Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Older Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Bao Haikun , Spatz Erica S. , Fonarow Gregg C.
Published: August 2016

Background—

Large-scale data on outcomes with cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator in patients with diabetes mellitus are limited. We compared outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator implantation among patients with heart failure who have diabetes mellitus versus those without diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results—

Survival curves and covariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio were used to assess the risks for death, readmission, and device-related complications by diabetes mellitus status among 18 428 patients at least 65 years old receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry between 2006 and 2009, with up to 3 years of follow-up. Accounting for differences between groups, compared with those without diabetes mellitus (n=11 345), patients with diabetes mellitus (n=7083) had a higher risk of death both at 1 year (HR, 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.29];
P
=0.0037) and 3 years (HR, 1.21 [1.14–1.29];
P
<0.001) after device implantation and higher risks of all-cause readmission (sub-HR, 1.16 [1.11–1.21] at 1 year;
P
<0.0001; sub-HR, 1.15 [1.11–1.19] at 3 years;
P
<0.0001) and heart failure–related readmission (sub-HR, 1.18 [1.09–1.28] at 1 year;
P
<0.0001; and sub-HR, 1.22 [1.15–1.30] at 3 years;
P
<0.0001). Device-related complications within 90 days did not differ between those with and without diabetes mellitus (odds ratio: 0.90 [0.77–1.06];
P
=0.37). Interactions of age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, renal failure, or QRS duration were not significant.

Conclusions—

In older patients with heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator, diabetes mellitus was independently associated with greater risks of death and rehospitalization, but similar risks of procedural complications.
Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)
Authors: SCHILEYKO ARKADY A. , STOEV PAVEL E.
Published: August 2016

The centipede fauna of the second largest island in the world, New Guinea, and its adjacent islands, is poorly known, with most information deriving from the first half of the 20th century. Here we present new data on the order Scolopendromorpha based on material collected in the area in the last 40 years, mainly by Bulgarian and Latvian zoologists. The collections comprise eleven species of six genera and three families. The diagnosis of Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) is emended in the light of the recent findings. The old and doubtful record of Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844 from New Guinea is referred to S. subspinipes Leach, 1815 and the species is here excluded from the present day list of New Guinean scolopendromorphs. Cryptops nepalensis Lewis, 1999 is here recorded from New Guinea for the first time. An annotated list and an identification key to the scolopendromorphs of the studied region are presented.
The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on North American Monsoon Gulf of California Moisture Surges in a Suite of Coupled Global Climate Models
Authors: Pascale Salvatore , Bordoni Simona , Kapnick Sarah B. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Jia Liwei , Delworth Thomas L. , Underwood Seth , Anderson Whit
Published: August 2016

The impact of atmosphere and ocean horizontal resolution on the climatology of North American monsoon Gulf of California (GoC) moisture surges is examined in a suite of global circulation models (CM2.1, FLOR, CM2.5, CM2.6, and HiFLOR) developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). These models feature essentially the same physical parameterizations but differ in horizontal resolution in either the atmosphere (≃200, 50, and 25 km) or the ocean (≃1°, 0.25°, and 0.1°). Increasing horizontal atmospheric resolution from 200 to 50 km results in a drastic improvement in the model’s capability of accurately simulating surge events. The climatological near-surface flow and moisture and precipitation anomalies associated with GoC surges are overall satisfactorily simulated in all higher-resolution models. The number of surge events agrees well with reanalyses, but models tend to underestimate July–August surge-related precipitation and overestimate September surge-related rainfall in the southwestern United States. Large-scale controls supporting the development of GoC surges, such as tropical easterly waves (TEWs), tropical cyclones (TCs), and trans-Pacific Rossby wave trains (RWTs), are also well captured, although models tend to underestimate the TEW and TC magnitude and number. Near-surface GoC surge features and their large-scale forcings (TEWs, TCs, and RWTs) do not appear to be substantially affected by a finer representation of the GoC at higher ocean resolution. However, the substantial reduction of the eastern Pacific warm sea surface temperature bias through flux adjustment in the Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model leads to an overall improvement of tropical–extratropical controls on GoC moisture surges and the seasonal cycle of precipitation in the southwestern United States.
Martha and Mary Re-Imagined: A.S. Byatt and Others
Authors: Sturrock June
Published: August 2016

The traditional interpretation of the story of Martha and Mary (Luke 10:38–42) represents the sisters as embodying respectively the active life and the contemplative life and sees the narrative as establishing the superiority of the contemplative life. In A. S. Byatt’s A Whistling Woman two major characters, a priest and a cult leader, repeatedly use this traditional contrast to represent their different concepts of their roles in the religious life. The narrative context, however, implies a questioning of such a simplistic traditional usage. Byatt’s revisionary approach to the biblical narrative is even more apparent in Possession and her short story “Christ in the House of Martha and Mary,” both of which reject the binaries and hierarchies of the conventional view. Byatt’s approach resembles that of Velázquez, on whose early painting, Christ in the House of Martha and Mary, her own story is based. More surprisingly, it resembles the treatment of the story by such Christian mystics as Meister Eckhart and Teresa of Avila. All in their different ways silently discard the traditional interpretation of this narrative.
Exercise From the Perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine
Authors: Tabari Narges Motahari , Yousefi Seyde Sedighe , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Soraki Maryam Kardan , Habibipour Payam
Published: August 2016

Exercise, in Iranian traditional medicine, is 1 of the 6 principles recommended for maintaining good health. There are some considerations that must be taken into account before, during, and after exercise. Exercise has different terms in different individuals, seasons, and ages. According to these principles, the interval between exercise and eating food is very important. Exercise after eating is inappropriate, and it is recommended that the best time for exercise is after food has been completely digested and before the next meal. According to the opinion of traditional medicine philosophers, exercise should be done after the complete digestion of food. Exercise may be more effective if it is done according to traditional medicine view at appropriate times and conditions with sufficient intensity and duration.
A recurring mutation in the respiratory complex 1 protein NDUFB11 is responsible for a novel form of X-linked sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Lichtenstein Daniel A. , Crispin Andrew W. , Sendamarai Anoop K. , Campagna Dean R. , Schmitz-Abe Klaus , Sousa Cristovao M. , Kafina Martin D. , Schmidt Paul J. , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Porter John , May Alison , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Heeney Matthew M. , Kimmelman Alec , Bottomley Sylvia S. , Paw Barry H. , Markianos Kyriacos , Fleming Mark D.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

A recurring mutation in NDUFB11 causes congenital sideroblastic anemia. The NDUFB11 p.93del mutation impairs erythroid proliferation, but not differentiation.
The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields. A systematic map protocol
Authors: Haddaway Neal Robert , Brown Colin , Eggers Sönke , Josefsson Jonas , Kronvang Brian , Randall Nicola , Uusi-Kämppä Jaana
Published: August 2016

Background

Agriculture and agricultural intensification can have significant negative impacts on the environment, including nutrient and pesticide leaching, spreading of pathogens, soil erosion and reduction of ecosystem services provided by terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. The establishment and management of vegetated strips adjacent to farmed fields (including various field margins, buffer strips and hedgerows) are key mitigation measures for these negative environmental impacts and environmental managers and other stakeholders must often make decisions about how best to design and implement vegetated strips for a variety of different outcomes. However, it may be difficult to obtain relevant, accurate and summarised information on the effects of implementation and management of vegetated strips, even though a vast body of evidence exists on multipurpose vegetated strip interventions within and around fields. To improve the situation, we describe a method for assembling a database of relevant research relating to vegetated strips undertaken in boreo-temperate farming systems (arable, pasture, horticulture, orchards and viticulture), according to the primary question: What evidence exists regarding the effects of field margins on nutrients, pollutants, socioeconomics, biodiversity, and soil retention?

Methods

We will search 13 bibliographic databases, one search engine and 37 websites for stakeholder organisations using a predefined and tested search string that focuses on a comprehensive list of vegetated strip synonyms. Non-English language searches in Danish, Finnish, German, Spanish, and Swedish will also be undertaken using a web-based search engine. We will screen search results at title, abstract and full text levels, recording the number of studies deemed non-relevant (with reasons at full text). A systematic map database that displays the meta-data (i.e. descriptive summary information about settings and methods) of relevant studies will be produced following full text assessment. The systematic map database will be displayed as a web-based geographical information system (GIS). The nature and extent of the evidence base will be discussed.
Forward modeling of gravity data using geostatistically generated subsurface density variations
Authors: Phelps Geoff
Published: August 2016

Using geostatistical models of density variations in the subsurface, constrained by geologic data, forward models of gravity anomalies can be generated by discretizing the subsurface and calculating the cumulative effect of each cell (pixel). The results of such stochastically generated forward gravity anomalies can be compared with the observed gravity anomalies to find density models that match the observed data. These models have an advantage over forward gravity anomalies generated using polygonal bodies of homogeneous density because generating numerous realizations explores a larger region of the solution space. The stochastic modeling can be thought of as dividing the forward model into two components: that due to the shape of each geologic unit and that due to the heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit. The modeling demonstrates that the internally heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit can contribute significantly to the resulting calculated forward gravity anomaly. Furthermore, the stochastic models match observed statistical properties of geologic units, the solution space is more broadly explored by producing a suite of successful models, and the likelihood of a particular conceptual geologic model can be compared. The Vaca Fault near Travis Air Force Base, California, can be successfully modeled as a normal or strike-slip fault, with the normal fault model being slightly more probable. It can also be modeled as a reverse fault, although this structural geologic configuration is highly unlikely given the realizations we explored.
Persistent nuclear actin filaments inhibit transcription by RNA polymerase II
Authors: Serebryannyy Leonid A. , Parilla Megan , Annibale Paolo , Cruz Christina M. , Laster Kyle , Gratton Enrico , Kudryashov Dmitri , Kosak Steven T. , Gottardi Cara J. , de Lanerolle Primal
Published: August 2016

Actin is abundant in the nucleus and it is clear that nuclear actin has important functions. However, mystery surrounds the absence of classical actin filaments in the nucleus. To address this question, we investigated how polymerizing nuclear actin into persistent nuclear actin filaments affected transcription by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear filaments impaired nuclear actin dynamics by polymerizing and sequestering nuclear actin. Polymerizing actin into stable nuclear filaments disrupted the interaction of actin with RNA polymerase II and correlated with impaired RNA polymerase II localization, dynamics, gene recruitment, and reduced global transcription and cell proliferation. Polymerizing and crosslinking nuclear actin in vitro similarly disrupted the actin–RNA-polymerase-II interaction and inhibited transcription. These data rationalize the general absence of stable actin filaments in mammalian somatic nuclei. They also suggest a dynamic pool of nuclear actin is required for the proper localization and activity of RNA polymerase II.
Zika virus emergency in Brazil: scientific challenges and early developments
Authors: Vanni Tazio , Chalegre Karlos Diogo , Giaretta Sachetti Camile , Prata Pedro Reginaldo , Fireman Marco Antônio
Published: August 2016

The epidemic of microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities associated with Zika virus which emerged in Brazil now threatens different countries worldwide. Since the declaration of a National Public Health Emergency, the Brazilian government has implemented a response plan in which the research agenda is central. Developments were achieved in four main areas of the agenda: 1) virological, clinical and epidemiological studies, 2) alternative vector control strategies, 3) development and evaluation of diagnostic tests, and 4) development and evaluation of vaccines. National and international collaborative networks have played an important role in the race against the clock to quickly translate the results of R&D initiatives into public policies. It is paramount that the lessons learned from Zika lead to fast and effective responses to future epidemics.
Social Sphere and Its Capacity Building at the Present Stage
Authors: Чубриков  , Chubrikov N.
Published: August 2016

The author considers the social sphere (education, health, culture, etc.) as a

complex system formation, the activity of which is related to the satisfaction of

spiritual and material needs of people to high-quality reproduction of the human

potential and human resources. The article shows the close interrelation and

interdependence of social infrastructure and material production. Institutional

development in the dynamics of this important area of social life is characterized.
Development of Industrial Building in Russia: Economic and Legal Realities
Authors: Зурин  , Zurin Mikhail
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes the most important causes of the degradation of the

productive capacity of Russia. An attempt was made to give answers to critical

questions related to the status and development of the country’s industry.
Platelets in pregnancy: Their role and function in disease
Authors: Boothman Luke
Published: August 2016

Platelets are critical to normal haemostasis and help limit blood loss following vascular injury. In pregnancy, they become increasingly important in preventing excessive bleeding during and immediately following birth. Platelets undergo several changes to adapt to the specific requirements of pregnancy and to facilitate a pro-thrombotic state. Despite the enhanced role of platelets in effective haemostasis, changes in platelet function may also be associated with adverse medical conditions. Such conditions range from mild (e.g. gestational thrombocytopaenia) to severe (e.g. pre-eclampsia and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura). This article discusses changes in platelet function and their role in the development of pathological conditions during pregnancy.
Young Women's Contraceptive Decision Making: Do Preferences for Contraceptive Attributes Align with Method Choice?
Authors: Marshall Cassondra , Guendelman Sylvia , Mauldon Jane , Nuru‐Jeter Amani
Published: August 2016

CONTEXT

Understanding how women's preferences for certain attributes of contraceptive methods relate to their method choice can inform the content of contraceptive counseling.

METHODS

Data from 715 women aged 18–29 who had ever used contraceptives were drawn from the 2009 National Survey of Reproductive and Contraceptive Knowledge. Chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine how women's preferences for specific contraceptive attributes were related to their social and demographic characteristics and their current contraceptive choice.

RESULTS

The majority of women considered it extremely important for a method to be very effective at preventing pregnancy (79%) and to be effective at preventing HIV and STDs (67%); fewer than one‐quarter felt similarly about a method's being hormone‐free (22%). Women who felt it was quite or extremely important for a method to be very effective at preventing pregnancy were not more likely to use the most effective methods than were women who considered this attribute not at all or only slightly important. Women who considered it quite or extremely important for a method to be hormone‐free were less likely than others to use hormonal methods (odds ratio, 0.4), and women who considered STD protection quite or extremely important had elevated odds of relying on condoms alone, rather than on an effective contraceptive method alone (3.6).

CONCLUSIONS

Most women desire a very effective method for pregnancy prevention, but it is unclear how this translates to their contraceptive use. The associations between women's preferred contraceptive attributes and method choice warrant further attention.
Descrição alimentar e estágio de maturação de Crassostrea brasiliana comercializadas no mercado municipal de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Christo Susete Wambier , Ivachuk Celene Silva , Veroneze Franccielli , Ferreira Jr Augusto Luiz , Absher Theresinha Monteiro
Published: August 2016

Crasssotrea brasiliana (Lamark, 1819) is an epibiont filter feeder bivalve of fast growth and fast gonadal restructuring that feeds by filtration of microalgae, these characteristics are mainly related to the amount and quality of the phytoplankton filtered by the animal. In Paraná coast several sites of cultivation of the species can be found in Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and Guaratuba Bay. Therefore, this work had as objectives to evaluate the size and the phytoplankton species ingested by adults of the oyster C. brasiliana and to describe its reproductive characteristics (index of meat revenue and stages of gonadal maturation). Oysters were acquired monthly in the Municipal Market of Paranaguá from cultivation in the PEC. The oysters were measured and length values (L), height (H) and gross weight (GW) obtained. Gonadal maturation stages were evaluated through the macroscopic examination of the gonads and revenue (R) through the wet weight of meat. The digestive gland was removed for the microscopic analysis of the stomach content (identification and measurement of the phytoplankton). The highest value of the R average (12,79%) was in July 2007, when a great portion of the population presented full gonads, however the  predominance of individuals with full  gonads (partially full and full) occurred in periods of warmer waters. The main microalgae genera found were: Diatoms - Gyrosigma Hassall, 1845; Cyclotella (Kützing) Brébisson, 1838; Coscinodiscus Ratray, 1890 and Pleurosigma W. Smith, 1852; Dinoflagellates - Noctiluca  Suriray, 1836 and  Ceratium Schrank, 1793 with size of phytoplankton ingested varying from 5 to 260 µm.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: an 11-year retrospective in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Rochmah Nur , Faizi Muhammad , Harjantien Netty
Published: August 2016

Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of type I diabetic mellitus (TIDM). Early recognition and prompt treatment can reduce mortality. Objective To evaluate the profiles of patients with diabetic ketoasidosis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods Retrospective medical records of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with DKA in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from January 2002 to June 2013 were reviewed. The data collected included clinical parameters, laboratory and imaging results, predisposing factors, complications and outcomes. Results During an 11 years period, there were 58 cases of DKA in children with T1DM. Eighteen subjects (31%) were boys. The severity of DKA was classified as follows: mild 13 (22.4%), moderate 23 (39.7%), and severe DKA 22 (37.9%). Recurrent DKA was diagnosed in 24 (41.4%) patients. Common clinical profiles recorded were dehydration 46 (79.3%), malaise 37 (63.8%), decreased consciousness 35 (60.3%), dyspnea 27 (46.6%), vomiting 26 (44.8%), fever 25 (43.1%), seizure 13 (22.4%), and decreased body weight 9 (15.5%). Laboratory results observed were as folllows: hyponatremia 19 (32.8%), hyperkalemia 12 (20.7%) and acute renal failure 3 (5.2%). Head CT scans showed that 2 (3.4%) patients suffered from cerebral edema. Infections, as triggers of DKA, were found in 12 (20.6%) patients: 4 caries and periodontitis, 3 urinary tract infections, 2 acute diarrhea, 2 acute pharyngitis, and 1 otitis externa. Four out of 24 patients with recurrent DKA failed to take their insulin dose prior to DKA. The average of length of patient stay in the PICU was 3.26 (SD 3.50) days. No patients died during the study. Conclusion Dehydration is the most common clinical profile of DKA in our study. More than half of the patients suffer from moderate to severe DKA.
Relationship between serum cystatin-C and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in septic children
Authors: Mandei Jose , Iskandar Elisa , Umboh Adrian , Lestari Hesti
Published: August 2016

Background Sepsis may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI)in patients treated in pediatric intensive care units (PICU).Currently, serum creatinine is used as a biomarker for thediagnosis of AKI. However, it is not a sensitive nor specifictest for AKI. The scarcity of biomarkers leads to delays in thediagnosis and treatment of AKI. Serum cystatin-C (sCys-C)and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)are potential biomarkers that look promising for early diagnosisof AKI.Objective To identify the relation of cystatin-C and NGAL inchildren with sepsis.Methods Serum cystatin-C and uNGAL were measured onseptic patients aged one month to 12 years. The diagnosesof sepsis were based on the 2002 International Pediatric SepsisConcensus. Patients were admitted to the Pediatric IntensiveDepartment of the Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manadofrom January to June 2013. The exclusion criteria werepatients with trauma, burns, severe dehydration, malnutrition,obesity, and history of renal diseases. Data analyses includeddescriptions for the characteristic data and Pearson’s coefficientcorrelation. A P value of 0.05 was considered to be statisticallysignificant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software for Windowsversion 21.Results Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom23 were male and 15 were female. Their mean age was 22.6 (SD32.24) months, with overweight in 2 children, good nutrition in25 children, and under nutrition in 11 children. An increasedlevel of sCys-C was found in 22 children and an increased levelof uNGAL was found in 19 children. Serum cystatin-C wassignificantly correlated to uNGAL in septic patients (r=0.614;P<0.01).Conclusion There is a positively correlated relationship betweensCys C and uNGAL in septic children. Increased sCys C is associated with increased uNGAL in septic children.
Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children
Authors: Simarmata Nelly , Sembiring Tiangsa , Ali Muhammad
Published: August 2016

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.
Poliovirus shedding after the first and second doses of trivalent polio vaccines in newborns
Authors: Rusmil Viramitha K. , Dhamayanti Meita , Adi Sunarjati Soedigdo , Megantara Imam
Published: August 2016

Background The trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) produced by Bio Farma consists of three live, attenuated poliovirus serotypes (1, 2, and 3). The tOPV stimulates the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA) on the intestinal wall and lumen. The existence of sIgA is considered giving immunity in the intestines, it could prevent the spread of viral replication and thus inhibit the transmission of the polio virus.Objective To determine the differences in shedding after each of the first two tOPV immunizations in newborns.Methods This one-way repeated measure study was conducted in newborns from three primary health centers in Bandung, West Java. After administering tOPV to newborns, we assessed the shedding of poliovirus in their stool specimens at 30 days after the first dose and 7 days after the second dose. Data was analyzed using McNemar test with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to differentiate the shedding of poliovirus after the first and second doses.Results Of 150 children, 128 subjects completed the study. At 30 days after the first tOPV dose, 26 subjects (20.3%) were negative for shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens. Of the 102 subjects who had poliovirus isolated from their stools, the serotypes comprised of polio 1: 10.9%, polio 2: 14.8%, polio 3: 45.3%, polio 1 and 3: 3.1%, polio 2 and 3: 4.7%, and polio 1,2, and 3: 0.8%. At 7 days after the second tOPV dose, there was a significant increase in subjects negative for shedding of poliovirus (78 subjects; 60.9%). Statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens between the first and second doses of tOPV (P<0.05 ).Conclusion There is a significantly decreased number of subjects with shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens 7 days after the second tOPV dose than at 30 days after the first tOPV dose.
Obesity and left ventricular mass in children
Authors: Mauliza Mauliza , Ali Muhammad , Deliana Melda , Tobing Tina Christina L
Published: August 2016

Background Obesity has negative effects on cardiac function during growth leading to increased heart size and mass, as a result of higher stroke volume and cardiac output.Objective To assess for a relationship between obesity and left ventricular mass (LVM) in children, as well as to assess for a correlation between the duration of obesity and LVM.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 until February 2012 in Medan and included 30 obese and 30 normal weight children, aged 6 to 13 years. All subjects underwent complete echocardiography examinations to assess LVM and other left ventricular parameters. The Devereux formula was used to measure LVM.Results During the study, 65 children underwent echocardiography, but 5 were subsequently excluded. The left ventricular dimensions in the obese group were significantly higher compared to normal weight group with regards to interventricular septum at end diastole (IVSd), interventricular septum at end systole (IVSS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P=0.0001). Duration of obesity and LVM had a moderate, positive correlation (r=0.407).Conclusion There is significantly higher LVM in the obese group than in the normal weight group. The duration of obesity had a moderate, positive correlation to LVM.
Electroencephalogram abnormalities in full term infants with history of severe asphyxia
Authors: Halim Susanti , Suwarba I Gusti Nyoman Made , Kardana I Made
Published: August 2016

ingtool used to determine developmental and electrical problemsin the brain. A history of severe asphyxia is a risk factor for thesebrain problems in infants.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal EEGs infull term neonates and to assess for an association with severeasphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and spontaneousdelivery.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at thePediatric Outpatient Department of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar,from November 2013 to January 2014. Subjects were fullterminfants aged 1 month who were delivered and/or hospitalized atSanglah Hospital. All subjects underwent EEG. The EEGs wereinterpreted by a pediatric neurology consultant, twice, with aweek interval between readings. Clinical data were obtainedfrom medical records. Association between abnormal ECG andsevere asphyxia were analyzed by Chi-square and multivariablelogistic analyses.Results Of 55 subjects, 27 had a history of severe asphyxia and 28were vigorous babies. Forty percent (22/55) of subjects had abnormalEEG findings, 19/22 of these subjects having history of severeasphyxia, 15/22 had history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE), and 20/22 were delievered vaginally. There were strongcorrelations between the prevalence of abnormal EEG and historyof severe asphyxia, HIE, and spontaneous delivery.Conclusion Prevalence of abnormal EEG among full-term neonatesreferred to neurology/growth development clinic is around40%, with most of them having a history of severe asphyxia. AbnormalEEG is significantly associated to severe asphyxia, HIE, andspontaneous delivery.
Dossier: “Indemnizaciones, enfermedades y antigüedad entre los empleados de comercio: alcances y límites de la ley nº 11729 (Argentina, 1934-1945)”
Authors: QUEIROLO GRACIELA
Published: August 2016

Este artículo analiza el proceso de sanción de laley nº 11729 que reglamentó la indemnizaciónpor despido y la licencia frente a enfermedades yaccidentes entre los trabajadores del sector mercantil.De esta manera, se propone esclarecer,por un lado, las particulares condiciones laboralesque afectaban a los empleados de comercio,un segmento laboral que se había expandidodesde las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en especialrespecto de los trabajadores del sector industrialy, por otro lado, las desigualdades entremujeres y varones que lo integraron. Para ello, seconcentra en la acción del Estado, a través delanálisis de los discursos de los legisladores asícomo también se detiene en las acciones de dosdestacadas organizaciones sindicales: la Federaciónde Empleados de Comercio y la Federaciónde Asociaciones Católicas de Empleadas.
Pro výzkumy komunikačních struktur ve výuce neplatí: Jak prosté, milý Watsone!
Authors: Mareš Jiří
Published: August 2016

Abstrakt: Autor polemizuje s takovým pojetím českých výzkumů výukové komunikace, které jsou založeny primárně na komunikační struktuře IRF/IRE. Předkládá čtenářům dvě tvrzení: 1. výběr zahraničních badatelů a interpretace jejich názorů na strukturu výukové komunikace učitel-žáci je v řadě domácích prací zjednodušující, 2. používání struktury IRF/IRE jako hlavního deskriptivně-analytického nástroje při zkoumání výukové komunikace redukuje bohatství dění, jež se ve skutečnosti ve výuce odehrává. Výklad nejprve popisuje, jak jsou v českém prostředí reflektovány výsledky výzkumů Sinclaira, Coultharta a Mehana. Poté  charakterizuje empirické výzkumy pracovníků Filozofické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Všímá si metodologických aspektů těchto výzkumů a závěru jejich monografie, v němž se konstatuje, že většina komunikačních struktur na 2. stupni českých základních škol začíná otázkou učitele, pokračuje odpovědí žáka a končí zpětnou vazbou od učitele (komunikační struktura IRF/IRE). Polemická studie končí 11 otázkami, které upozorňují, že tento badatelský přístup s sebou přináší rizika výrazného zjednodušení reálné výukové komunikace.Klíčová slova: výuková komunikace, komunikační struktury, struktura IRF/IRE, pedagogický výzkum, polemika
A Model of a Tacit Knowledge Transformation for the Service Department in a Manufacturing Company: A Case Study
Authors: Dudek Adam , Patalas-Maliszewska Justyna
Published: August 2016

This article elaborates on the development of a dedicated model of a tacit knowledge transformation for the service department in a manufacturing company. The four main components of the tacit knowledge transformation process are formulated: (1) tacit knowledge source identification, (2) tacit knowledge acquisition, (3) tacit knowledge determination and formalization, and (4) knowledge classification. The proposed model is illustrated by examples on the use of the methods: automatic recognition of speech, natural language processing, and automatic object recognition in the tacit knowledge transformation process in order to obtain a formalized procedure for the service department in a manufacturing company. This is followed by a discussion of the results of the research experiments.
Ethnocentric Tendencies in the Romanian Translations of Macbeth
Authors: Marțole Daniela Maria
Published: August 2016

Starting from Venuti’s binary classification of translations into ethnocentric and foreignizing this paper focuses on the factors that trigger ethnocentric attitudes in the translation of the play Macbeth in Romanian. Counterbalancing the extremely neologist tendencies at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, exemplified in Ștefan Băjescu’s translation, most of the 20th century translators prove an inclination towards the use of local, ethnic elements, that should revive the national culture and language, the integrity of which was threatened by foreign elements. Ion Vinea’s translation, that was the canonical Romanian version for more than half a century, is analysed in the paper as the representative of the ethnocentric camp. Apart from the spontaneous reactions that are generally ruled by the laws of language change, other factors that lead to the fostering of ethnocentric views are the communist regime’s constrictive ideology and, at the micro level, the translator’s own linguistic and cultural perception.
Bitterling Populations in The Sighisoara-Târnava Mare Natura 2000 Site ‒ A Support System for Management Decisions
Authors: Curtean-Bănăduc Angela , Cismaș Ioana-Cristina , Bănăduc Doru
Published: August 2016

The predominant threats to the Bitterling populations in the Sighisoara-Târnava Mare Natura 2000 site are the hydro technical modifications of the river channels, organic contamination and illegal fishing. ADONIS:CE is applied commonly for business processes modelling, however, in this study case was applied in an ecology/biology sphere of interest. The authors acquired a Bitterling model which contained all of the identified habitat species’ necessities, the specific indicators that give good preservation status and the present pressures and threats. The keeping of the riverbed morphodynamics is especially necessary - the meanders existence is significant for the aquatic mollusc species which are existing in the inner U shape sectors of the lotic systems. The sectors, where the sand and mud are relatively fixed, give appropriate habitats for molluscs which is valuable for the reproduction of Bitterling. The preserving of the present water oxygenation and regime of liquid flows, and the prevention of the sediments deposition rate in the aquatic habitats are needed too for the molluscs’ existence. The sediments exploitation in these lotic systems should be realised in relation with the natural rate of renewal and at sites at a distance over five km between them.
Cultural Institutes and Their Role in Society
Authors: Qian Liu , Qi Zhao
Published: August 2016

Culture is “driver and enabler of sustainable development”. In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges are increasing, the role of language as a carrier of culture is more and more evident. Many countries even include it in the national strategy, and it became an important government action. Confucius Institute is an important platform for Sino-foreign cultural exchanges and mutual learning”. And the same of the other cultural institutes which have been mentioned in this paper. They are all playing a role of the international community civilization messenger, they are bridges to connect the native countries and abroad, they are Culture Ambassadors who help the comprehension and cooperation among people and countries.
In Vitro Regeneration Potential of Seven Commercial Soybean Cultivars (Glycine max L.) for Use in Biotechnology
Authors: Sojková Jana , Žur Iwona , Gregorová Zuzana , Zimová Mária , Matušíková Ildikó , Mihálik Daniel , Kraic Ján , Moravčíková Jana
Published: August 2016

This work is aimed to evaluate in vitro regeneration potential of seven commercial soybean varieties Bohemians, Cardiff, Gallec, Merlin, Moravians, Naya and Silensia (Glycine max L.) cultivated in Central Europe. Our results showed the half-seeds could be effectively used as an explant source for all tested cultivars. The regeneration was initiated on the media containing growth regulators 1.67 mg.l-1 BAP and 0.25 mg.l-1 GA3. Within the first five days culture, green chlorophyll-containing explants were observed with frequency from 18.3% to 55.9%. Two weeks later, the explants responded by production of calli with the efficiency up to 83.0%. First shoots appeared after 2–3 weeks of subculture on the media. The soybean regeneration showed to be genotype-dependent with variable efficiencies from 5.7% (cv. Naya) to 37.7% (cv. Gallec). The cultivars Cardiff, Merlin and Gallec appear to be the most promising candidates for further biotechnological use. Application of antioxidants such as L-cysteine, dithiothreitol and sodium thiosulfate does not have effect on the explant regeneration for the first five days.
In Vitro Investigation of D- and Lenantiomer Synergistic Efects of Some Amino Acids
Authors: Bystrická Zuzana , Lehotay Jozef
Published: August 2016

D-amino acids can arise from endogenous microbial flora, from ingestion with the diet or from spontaneous racemization of L-amino acids during ageing. In this work, the behavior of methionine, homocysteine and cysteine enantiomers was investigated in human serum in vitro during 0-72 h at incubation temperature 37°C. The separation of enantiomers was realized in two dimensional on-line system (the connection of an achiral column Purospher RP-18 endcapped and a chiral column Chirobiotic TAG). This system allowed simultaneous monitoring all tested amino acids and their enantiomers. The possible effect D-enantiomer on the behavior of its L-enantiomer (the synergistic effect) was evaluated during incubation time. The first results have showed that no synergistic effect of D-enantiomer on its Lisomer has been observed in our experimental conditions in vitro.
Preliminary Results on Growing Second Generation Biofuel Crop Miscanthus X Giganteus at The Polluted Military Site in Ukraine
Authors: Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Trögl Josef , Stefanovska Tetyana , Shapoval Pavlo , Erickson Larry
Published: August 2016

The semi-field research on using second-generation biofuel crop Miscanthus x giganteus for restoration of former military site in Kamenetz-Podilsky, Ukraine was carried out during two vegetation seasons. Despite high metal pollution of soil, in particular, by Fe, Mn, Ti, and Zr, no growth inhibition was observed. The concentrations followed pattern soil > roots > stems > leaves. Accumulation of particular metals in roots was different: Fe, Mn and Ti were accumulated rather palpably after the first vegetation season and less tangible after the second one. Cu, Pb and Zn were less accumulative in both vegetation seasons, and for As and Pb the accumulative concentrations were very small. Accumulations in the aboveground parts of the plant in comparison to roots were significantly lower in case of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr and even statistically comparable to zero in case of As, Pb and Zr. Calculated translocation ratio of metals in the plant’s parts preferably indicated lack of metals’ hyper accumulation. Generally, no correlations were observed between concentrations of metals in the soil and in the upper plant’s parts. The research confirmed the ability of Miscanthus x giganteus to grow on the military soils predominantly contaminated by metals.
Effect of HHV-6 and HHV-7 Infection on the Posttransplant Process and the Development of Complications in Patients after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation / HHV-6 Un HHV-7 Infekcijas Ietekme Uz Pēctransplantācijas Klīnisko Gaitu Un Komplikāciju Attīstību Pacientiem Pēc Autologas Cilmes Šūnu Transplantācijas
Authors: Trociukas Ilze , Èapenko Svetlana , Zazerska Zane , Murovska Modra , Lejniece Sandra
Published: August 2016

The relationship between HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation and development of post-autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation complications was examined. The presence of viral genomic sequences in whole peripheral blood and cell free plasma was determined by nested PCR, HHV-6 and HHV-7 load by real-time PCR, virus specific antibodies and cytokines in serum by ELISA, and HHV-6 variants by restriction endonuclease analysis. Clinical features, reactivation of viruses and serum TNF- α, and IL-6 concentrations were determined in seventy-six patients with Roseolovirus infection before and after transplantation. Anti-HHV-6 antibodies were found in 62 of 76 (81.6%) patients before transplantation. A significantly higher rate of single HHV-7 infection was found in patients with viral infection in comparison with single HHV-6 infection (p = 0.0003) and concurrent (HHV-6 and HHV-7) infection (p = 0.0017). Complications after transplantation developed in 30.3% of patients and reactivation of viruses was detected in all of these patients. Significant increase of HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation with simultaneous increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels suggests that both viruses may be involved in the development of complications after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation via their immunomodulatory ability. The kinetics of the Roseolovirus reactivation may reflect the potential role of HHV-7 as a co-factor for HHV-6 activation.