bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Continuing Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Findings from the 2021 Guttmacher Survey of Reproductive Health Experiences
Authors:   Guttmacher Institute, Lindberg Laura D. , Mueller Jennifer , Kirstein Marielle , VandeVusse Alicia
Published: December 2021

In this report, we analyze the 2021 data, focusing on how respondents feel the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced their sexual and reproductive health in two core areas: fertility preferences and access to care, including use of telehealth. We note disparities according to individuals’ race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, income level and economic well-being. To assess the ongoing scope and magnitude of the impacts of the pandemic, we also examine findings on comparable measures from the 2020 and 2021 GSRHE studies. These data provide four key findings: The pandemic has continued to shift fertility preferences and impede access to sexual and reproductive health care, including contraceptive services. The impacts reported in the summer of 2021 are smaller than those reported earlier in the pandemic but remain pervasive. The pandemic continues to have disproportionate effects on the sexual and reproductive health of those already experiencing systemic social and health inequities. Telehealth services are bridging gaps in sexual and reproductive health care resulting from pandemic-related upheaval, particularly for those who already experience barriers to accessing health care.
Method for geostationary satellite thermal infrared data simulation from polar-orbiting MODIS sensors
Authors: Qian Yonggang , Li Kun , Yao Weiyuan , Li Wan , Qiu Shi , Ma Lingling , Liang Shi , Yao Guanglin
Published: December 2021

Simulation of thermal images plays an important role in the pre-evaluation of the data acquisition characteristics of sensors. This work addressed an operational method for the time-series thermal infrared (TIR) data of geostationary satellite simulated from polar-orbiting MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors based on Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) under cloud-free conditions. The data procedure, including the land surface emissivity (LSE), time-series land surface temperature (LST), time-series atmospheric parameters, sensor performance, can be described as follows. Firstly, MODIS LST product filtering rules are developed due to its data quality. Then, a Diurnal Temperature Cycle (DTC) model with four parameters is used to acquire the time-series LSTs. The spatial and spectral matching method are adopted from MODIS LST&LSE product. A temporal interpolation method is used to obtain the time-series atmospheric parameters from the atmospheric profile provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Then, the time-series TIR data at sensors were modeled using this method. Compared with the time-series TOA brightness temperature of MSG/ SEVIRI geostationary satellite, the results show that the modeling accuracy is achieved with root mean square errors (RMSEs) 2.39K, 2.81K, 1.06K, and 1.29K at MODIS overpass times, and the mean and RMSE are -0.09K and 1.61K for all cloud-free pixels at the UTC time spanning from 08:00 to 05:00, which can be well reconstruct the time-series real scenes using the proposed method.
SCIFI: 3D face reconstruction via smartphone screen lighting
Authors: Xie Wuyuan , Kuang Zhaonian , Wang Miaohui
Published: December 2021

3D face reconstruction based on smartphones has a wide range of applications, such as face recognition, liveness detection, face animation, etc. To realize this function, these smartphones have been deployed with specialized hardware modules (infrared dot projector or depth sensor). However, it will inevitably increase the production cost of smartphones and the operation difficulty of users. In this article, we propose a smartphone screen illumination-based face reconstructIon (SCIFI) framework, which only relies on the front camera and screen lighting. Specifically, we have investigated the calibrated planar lighting to achieve the fine-grained textures in Lambertian-based reconstruction. Further, we introduce the face landmark to align multiple photographs, which aims to adjust the position mismatch caused by hand jitter. Moreover, we propose two different methods to eliminate outlier normals based on the characteristics of human face. Extensive experiments based on different environments (dark and bright), different lighting pattern (4-zones and 9-zones), and different testing subjects have validated the effectiveness and robustness of SCIFI in reconstructing the 3D face surface with a favorable surface shape as well as micro facial texture.
Very high prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1c in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: Results of a large cross-sectional community survey
Authors: Einsiedel Lloyd , Pham Hai , Talukder Mohammad Radwanur , Taylor Kerry , Wilson Kim , Kaldor John , Gessain Antoine , Woodman Richard
Published: December 2021

Infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is endemic among Aboriginal people in central Australia. To provide insights into the risk factors for transmission, we conducted the first large-scale, community-based prevalence study in seven remote Aboriginal communities. Residents >2 years old were invited to participate in the study between August 2014 and June 2018. HTLV-1 infection was defined as a positive western blot (WB) test or a positive HTLV-1 PCR. 720 community residents participated in the study (children <15 years, 142; adults, 578). Prevalences for children and adults were 3.5% (5/142) and 36.8% (213/578), respectively, reaching 49.3% (106/215) for those older than 45 years. A wide range of proviral loads were measured for both asymptomatic and symptomatic participants with no difference within groups according to age or gender; however, median PVL was 1.34 log10 higher for symptomatic participants. The adult prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in central Australia is the highest reported worldwide. Sexual contact is likely to be the predominant mode of transmission.
Consistency in identity-related sequential decisions
Authors: Perez Dikla , Steinhart Yael , Grinstein Amir , Morren Meike
Published: December 2021

Consumers often make decisions that reflect either personal or social identities. In many cases, such decisions are made along a sequence. Our research introduces a central factor that influences consumers’ likelihood of expressing a consistent identity type along a sequence of decisions: the extent to which their usage of the product involved in the first decision is expected to be observable by others (the product’sexpected visibility). A field experiment, and four lab studies, coupled with an internal meta-analysis, show that when the product involved in the first decision has high (as opposed to low) expected visibility, consumers are more likely to make a subsequent decision that is consistent with the first. Results show that self-presentation mediates this effect, and suggest that low integration between the identities involved in the decisions might attenuate it. Our findings offer implications for identity research and practical implications for marketers seeking to develop products and design communications that encourage consistent (or inconsistent) behavior.
Using Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover models to examine associations between air pollution and “asthma seasons” in a low air pollution environment
Authors: Bozigar Matthew , Lawson Andrew B. , Pearce John L. , Svendsen Erik R. , Vena John E.
Published: December 2021

Many areas of the United States have air pollution levels typically below Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory limits. Most health effects studies of air pollution use meteorological (e.g., warm/cool) or astronomical (e.g., solstice/equinox) definitions of seasons despite evidence suggesting temporally-misaligned intra-annual periods of relative asthma burden (i.e., “asthma seasons”). We introduce asthma seasons to elucidate whether air pollutants are associated with seasonal differences in asthma emergency department (ED) visits in a low air pollution environment. Within a Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover framework, we quantify seasonal associations between highly resolved estimates of six criteria air pollutants, two weather variables, and asthma ED visits among 66,092 children ages 5–19 living in South Carolina (SC) census tracts from 2005 to 2014. Results show that coarse particulates (particulate matter <10 μm and >2.5 μm: PM10-2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) may contribute to asthma ED visits across years, but are particularly implicated in the highest-burden fall asthma season. Fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm: PM2.5) is only associated in the lowest-burden summer asthma season. Relatively cool and dry conditions in the summer asthma season and increased temperatures in the spring and fall asthma seasons are associated with increased ED visit odds. Few significant associations in the medium-burden winter and medium-high-burden spring asthma seasons suggest other ED visit drivers (e.g., viral infections) for each, respectively. Across rural and urban areas characterized by generally low air pollution levels, there are acute health effects associated with particulate matter, but only in the summer and fall asthma seasons and differing by PM size.
Glomerulotubular pathology in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis
Authors: Crivellenti Leandro Zuccolotto , Cintra Cristiane Alves , Maia Suellen Rodrigues , Silva Gyl Eanes Barros , Borin-Crivellenti Sofia , Cianciolo Rachel , Adin Christopher A. , Tinucci-Costa Mirela , Pennacchi Caio Santos , Santana Aureo Evangelista
Published: December 2021

Subclinical stage of ehrlichiosis is characterized by absence of clinical or laboratory alterations; however, it could lead to silent glomerular/tubular changes and contribute significantly to renal failure in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis. We evaluated renal biopsies of 14 bitches with subclinical ehrlichiosis and 11 control dogs. Samples were obtained from the left kidney, and the tissue obtained was divided for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Abnormalities were identified by light microscopy in 92.9% of dogs with ehrlichiosis, but not in any of the dogs of the control group. Mesangial cell proliferation and synechiae (46.1%) were the most common findings, but focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and ischemic glomeruli (38.4%), focal glomerular mesangial matrix expansion (30.7%), mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (23%), and glomerular basement membrane spikes (23%) were also frequent in dogs with ehrlichiosis. All animals with ehrlichiosis exhibited positive immunofluorescence staining for immunoglobulins. Transmission electron microscopy from dogs with ehrlichiosis revealed slight changes such as sparse surface projections and basement membrane double contour. The subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis poses a higher risk of development of kidney damage due to the deposition of immune complexes.
Self-care appraisal in nursing assistant students: Adaptation, validation and psychometric properties of the Spanish ASAS
Authors: Colomer-Pérez Natura , Useche Sergio A.
Published: December 2021

The core implication of nursing professionals’ labor is promoting self-care and foster well-being among healthcare service users. The beginning of the healing process starts with the provider, and self-care habits are needed to positively impact on patients’ care outcomes at different spheres. Overall, current literature supports the idea that nurses’ personal self-care should be a necessary skill to be expected in their professional role. In this regard, the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASAS) is a worldwide known instrument aimed at assessing the ability to engage in self-care. However, it has never been tested in the Spanish context before, and much less in nursing practitioners or apprentices. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the ASAS for Spanish nursing apprentices, assessing its dimensionality, psychometric properties and convergent validity by means of the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13) questionnaire. Methods: Data were collected from a random sample of 921 Certificated Nursing Assistant (CNA) Spanish students and was analyzed trough confirmatory factor analyses via structural equation models. The core ASAS construct and its subscales were correlated with the SOC-13 scores. Results: Fair psychometric properties for the questionnaire were set. Also, SEM models endorse the validity and reliability of the four-factor dimensionality of the Spanish adaptation of the ASAS, whose associations to SOC scores were coherent and significant. Conclusion: This study allowed to establish that the Spanish version of the ASAS might be a useful tool for addressing self-care-related issues among nursing apprentices, a key population for promoting both their own and patients’ health and welfare through healthy and care-related behaviors.
Identification of the best housekeeping gene for RT-qPCR analysis of human pancreatic organoids
Authors: Cherubini Alessandro , Rusconi Francesco , Lazzari Lorenza
Published: December 2021

In the last few years, there has been a considerable increase in the use of organoids, which is a new three-dimensional culture technology applied in scientific research. The main reasons for their extensive use are their plasticity and multiple applications, including in regenerative medicine and the screening of new drugs. The aim of this study was to better understand these structures by focusing on the choice of the best housekeeping gene (HKG) to perform accurate molecular analysis on such a heterogeneous system. This feature should not be underestimated because the inappropriate use of a HKG can lead to misleading data and incorrect results, especially when the subject of the study is innovative and not totally explored like organoids. We focused our attention on the newly described human pancreatic organoids (hPOs) and compared 12 well-known HKGs (ACTB, B2M, EF1α, GAPDH, GUSB, HPRT, PPIA, RNA18S, RPL13A TBP, UBC and YWHAZ). Four different statistical algorithms (NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper and ΔCt) were applied to estimate the expression stability of each HKG, and RefFinder was used to identify the most suitable genes for RT-qPCR data normalization. Our results showed that the intragroup and intergroup comparisons could influence the best choice of the HKG, making clear that the identification of a stable reference gene for accurate and reproducible RT-qPCR data normalization remains a critical issue. In summary, this is the first report on HKGs in human organoids, and this work provides a strong basis to pave the way for further gene analysis in hPOs.
The effect of different COVID-19 public health restrictions on mobility: A systematic review
Authors: Tully Mark A. , McMaw Laura , Adlakha Deepti , Blair Neale , McAneney Jonny , McAneney Helen , Carmichael Christina , Cunningham Conor , Armstrong Nicola C. , Smith Lee
Published: December 2021

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have introduced non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as stay-at-home orders, to reduce person-to-person contact and break trains of transmission. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of different public health restrictions on mobility across different countries and cultures. The University of Bern COVID-19 Living Evidence database of COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2 publications was searched for retrospective or prospective studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 public health restrictions on Google Mobility. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two authors. Information from included studies was extracted by one researcher and double checked by another. Risk of bias of included articles was assessed using the Newcastle Ottowa Scale. Given the heterogeneous nature of the designs used, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. From the search, 1672 references were identified, of which 14 were included in the narrative synthesis. All studies reported data from the first wave of the pandemic, with Google Mobility Scores included from January to August 2020, with most studies analysing data during the first two months of the pandemic. Seven studies were assessed as having a moderate risk of bias and seven as a low risk of bias. Countries that introduced more stringent public health restrictions experienced greater reductions in mobility, through increased time at home and reductions in visits to shops, workplaces and use of public transport. Stay-at-home orders were the most effective of the individual strategies, whereas mask mandates had little effect of mobility.

Conclusions

Public health restrictions, particularly stay-at-home orders have significantly impacted on transmission prevention behaviours. Further research is required to understand how to effectively address pandemic fatigue and to support the safe return back to normal day-to-day behaviours.
Social incentive factors in interventions promoting sustainable behaviors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen-Van Phu , Stenger Anne , Tiet Tuyen
Published: December 2021

Based on a meta-analysis, this paper highlights the strength and relevance of several social incentive factors concerning pro-environmental behaviors, including social influence, network factors (like network size, network connection and leadership), trust in others, and trust in institutions. Firstly, our results suggest that social influence is necessary for the emergence of pro-environmental behaviors. More specifically, an internal social influence (i.e., motivating people to change their perceptions and attitudes) is essential to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Secondly, network connection encourages pro-environmental behaviors, meaning that the effectiveness of a conservation policy can be improved if connections among individuals are increased. Finally, trust in institutions can dictate individual behaviors to shape policy design and generate desired policy outcomes.
Behavioral aspects of nurse practitioners associated with optimal multiple sclerosis care in Spain
Authors: Saposnik Gustavo , Del Río Beatriz , Bueno-Gil Guillermo , Sempere Ángel P. , Lendínez-Mesa Alejandro , Rodríguez-Antigüedad Alfredo , Terzaghi María , Medrano Nicolás , Maurino Jorge
Published: December 2021

Background

Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a critical role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurologists´ behavioral characteristics have been associated with suboptimal clinical decisions. However, limited information is available on their impact among NPs involved in MS care. The aim of this study was to assess nurses´ therapeutic choices to understand behavioral factors influencing their decision making process.

Methods

A non-interventional, cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted. NPs actively involved in the care of patients with MS were invited to participate in the study by the Spanish Society of Neurology Nursing. Participants answered questions regarding their standard practice and therapeutic management of seven simulated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) case scenarios. A behavioral battery was used to measure participants´ life satisfaction, mood, positive social behaviors, feeling of helpfulness, attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based innovations, occupational burnout, and healthcare-related regret. The outcome of interest was therapeutic inertia (TI), defined as the lack of treatment escalation when there is clinical and radiological evidence of disease activity. A score to quantify TI was created based on the number of simulated scenarios where treatment intensification was warranted.

Results

Overall, 331 NPs were invited to participate, 130 initiated the study, and 96 (29%) completed the study. The mean age (SD) was 44.6 (9.8) years and 91.7% were female. Seventy-three participants (76.0%) felt their opinions had a significant influence on neurologists´ therapeutic decisions. Sixteen NPs (16.5%) showed severe emotional exhaustion related to work and 13 (13.5%) had depressive symptoms. The mean (SD) TI score was 0.97 (1.1). Fifty-six of NPs showed TI in at least one case scenario. Higher years of nursing experience (p = 0.014), feeling of helpfulness (p = 0.014), positive attitudes toward innovations (p = 0.046), and a higher intensity of care-related regret (p = 0.021) were associated with a lower risk of TI (adjusted R2 = 0.28). Burnout was associated with higher risk of TI (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Although NPs cannot prescribe MS treatments in Spain, their behavioral characteristics may influence the management of patients with RRMS. Continuing education and specific strategies for reducing occupational burnout may lead to better management skills and improve MS care.
Nature of the liver volume depending on the gender and age assessing volumetry from a reconstruction of the computed tomography
Authors: Harada Kohei , Ishinuki Tomohiro , Ohashi Yoshiya , Tanaka Takeo , Chiba Ayaka , Numasawa Kanako , Imai Tatsuya , Hayasaka Shun , Tsugiki Takahito , Miyanishi Koji , Nagayama Minoru , Takemasa Ichiro , Kato Junji , Mizuguchi Toru
Published: December 2021

Although the liver is a regenerating organ, excessive loss of liver volume (LV) can cause fatal liver failure. It is unclear whether LV is correlated with age; however, it is known that liver function decreases with age. In addition, the gender-related role of LV remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in LV by age and gender. Between January and December 2018, 374 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for any abdominal examinations were enrolled. LV was evaluated using MDCT. The relationship between the LV and body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), age, and gender was investigated. The modified LV (mLV) was calculated by a formula measured LV × 1.5/BSA. LV correlated to BSA more than to BMI in both the males (R: 0.559 vs. 0.416) and females (R: 0.479 vs. 0.300) in our study. Age was negatively correlated to LV and BSA, and correlated to LV more than to BSA in males (R: 0.546 vs. 0.393) and females (R: 0.506 vs. 0.385). In addition, the absolute slope between age and LV in the males was higher than that in the females (14.1 vs. 10.2, respectively). Furthermore, the absolute slope of age and mLV in the males was slightly higher than in the females (9.1 vs. 7.3, respectively). In conclusion, LV in the normal liver is correlated to age rather than the one in the diseased liver. Liver volume in the males decreased more with age than LV in the females.
Influence of synthesis conditions on molecular weight as well as mechanical and thermal properties of poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furanate)
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Irska Izabela , Walkowiak Konrad , Zubkiewicz Agata
Published: December 2021

Poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furanate) (PHF) was obtained by melt polycondensation. The process was carried out at temperatures of 230, 235 and 240 ° C. It has been shown that the selection of the optimal parameters of the synthesis process leads to the obtaining of  biomaterials of high molecular weight, and thus better mechanical and thermal properties. The relationship between the molecular weight and the mobility of polymer chains, and consequently the temperature of phase changes and mechanical properties, was determined.
Permakultura a její inspirace pro oblast společného (inkluzivního) vzdělávání
Authors: Janáková Monika
Published: December 2021

Text je kratším zamyšlením nad podněty, které může přinést permakultura do inkluzivního vzdělávání.
National Security Challenges and the Quest for True Federalism in Nigeria: the Issue of Amotekun (South-West Regional Security Network)
Authors: Oluro Mayowa , Oluwasuji Clement
Published: December 2021

Among the various challenges that the Nigerian State has had to contend with since its inception, incessant security challenges stand out. Indeed, these challenges have continued to defy the various strategies put in place to check them by various federal security agencies in the country, including the Military, Police, Road Safety, Civil Defense, Immigration, and Custom, thereby rendering them ineffective and inefficient, and as such contributing to louder calls for restructuring of the country. State Governors in the South-West in response to the security challenges facing the region formed the Western Nigerian Security Network (WNSN) code-named Operation Amotekun, the Yoruba name for Leopard, a wild animal known for its great agility and hunting prowess. This paper seeks to examine, 1. The current federal structure vis-à-vis the various security challenges in the country, 2. The formation of the Western Nigerian Security Network (Amotekun), i.e., its prospects, likely challenges and mode of operation, and 3. Propose some policy options to aid the performance and efficiency of Amotekun and any other that may follow.
Assessing Acquired Science Process Skills Of Senior High Schools In Central Region, Ghana
Authors: KOOMSON ANTHONY
Published: December 2021

Development and acquisition of science process skills (SPS) is necessary for understanding of science and offering of solutions to scientific problems. Assessing SPS acquired by students is key to monitor its development and acquisition. The study used descriptive survey to find out the nature of SPS developed and acquired by final year senior high school chemistry students. The study used parametric achievement test instrument called Students’ development of science process skills index Test.  The test was conducted for 904 students drawn from 20 out of 36 Senior High Schools in the central region of Ghana, that offer elective science courses. The schools and students were sampled from 17 out of 20 districts in the central region of Ghana via multi-stage sampling technique taking into cognizance the school grades categories in Ghana comprising Grades A, B and C. The analysis of the result shows that students acquired mainly basic SPS like Observing, Communicating, and integrated SPS like Interpreting. However, SPS like Classifying, Hypothesising, Controlling Variables and Experimenting were hardly developed/acquired. The acquisition of SPS was also found to depend significantly on the type of school attended and gender. It is recommended that more opportunity be given to practice and access SPS, particularly, the integrated SPS.
Poznawcze i praktyczne dylematy w geograficznych badaniach funkcjonalnych wsi
Authors: Wójcik Marcin , Suliborski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Praca zawiera pogłębioną refleksją nad kwestią badań funkcjonalnych w geograficznych badaniach wsi oraz dyscyplin pokrewnych, głównie gospodarka przestrzenna. W geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej oraz gospodarce przestrzennej koncepcja funkcjonalna odegrała istotną rolę w opisie i wyjaśnianiu rzeczywistości, stwarzając podstawy dla programów badawczych miast i wsi. Najważniejszym celem artykułu jest próba określenia podstawowych dylematów poznawczych i praktycznych w badaniach funkcjonalnych wsi. Przemyślenia zawarte w artykule dotyczą problemu wyborów, przed którymi stają badacze w projektowaniu i prowadzeniu studiów funkcjonalnych oraz pokrewnych im kierunków. Poruszono takie kwestie, jak relacyjność i desygnaty funkcji, problem czasu i skali badań oraz dylemat porządku przestrzennego i spójności. Autorzy postulują rozwój koncepcji krytycznych opartych na neofunkcjonalizmie. Stwarza to możliwość rozwoju badań, które zwracają uwagę na lokalne wymiary życia społecznego i gospodarczego. Podejście to może być bardzo twórcze dla planowania przestrzeni lokalnych i podstaw społecznego zaangażowania w proces podnoszenia warunków życia, wzmacniania tożsamości kulturowej oraz kreowania samych miejsc.
Zmienność funkcji w przestrzeni wiejskiej
Authors: Czapiewska Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Współcześnie obszary wiejskie wypełniają zróżnicowane funkcje w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym. Funkcje terenów wiejskich ewoluują, tworząc przestrzeń wielofunkcyjną. Celem opracowania jest zobrazowanie zmian zachodzących w poszczególnych funkcjach obszarów wiejskich i ich rozwój. Na podstawie studiów literatury z zakresu podejmowanej problematyki, przedstawiono różnice w podejściu badaczy do kwestii rozwoju wielofunkcyjnego w Polsce. Uwypuklono elementy wpływające na wielofunkcyjny rozwój wsi i rolnictwa, wskazując na przyczyny, skutki i bariery tej koncepcji. W oparciu o różnorodne kryteria zobrazowano klasyfikacje funkcji wsi i rolnictwa. Rozwijanie w przestrzeni wiejskiej funkcji innych niż rolnicza pozwolą na utrzymanie żywotności wsi, zapewnienie odpowiedniego standardu życia jej mieszkańcom i dalszego spełniania przez nie szeregu funkcji, często innowacyjnych i perspektywicznych.
Numerical evaluation of expansion loops for pipe subjected to thermal displacements
Authors: Yudo Hartono , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Amiruddin Wilma , Pujianto Pujianto , Tuswan Tuswan , Djaeni Mohamad
Published: December 2021

The thermal expansion can lead to the high stress on the pipe. The problem can be overcome using expansion loops in a certain length depending on the material’s elastic modulus, diameter, the amount of expansion, and the pipe’s allowable stresses. Currently, there is no exact definition for the dimension of expansion loops design both for loop width (W) and loop footing height (H) sizes. In this study, expansion loops were investigated with using ratio of width and height (W/H) variations to understand pipe stress occurring on the expansion loops and the expansion loops’ safety factor. Relationship between non dimensional stress on the expansion loop pipe was studied numerically by finite element software on several working temperatures of 400oF, 500oF, 600oF, and 700oF. It can be found that stress occurring on the pipes increases as the increases of W/H of the expansion loops and results in a lower safety factor. The safety factor of the expansion loops pipe has a value of 1 when the ratio of loop width and loop footing height (W/H) value was 1.2 for a 16-inch diameter pipe. Stress occurring on the pipe increases with the increase of the working temperature. Expansion loops pipe designed for 400oF can still work well to handle thermal extension pipe occurring on 500oF.
Diagonal sections of copulas, multivariate conditional hazard rates and distributions of order statistics for minimally stable lifetimes
Authors: Foschi Rachele , Nappo Giovanna , Spizzichino Fabio L.
Published: December 2021

As a motivating problem, we aim to study some special aspects of the marginal distributions of the order statistics for exchangeable and (more generally) for minimally stable non-negative random variables T
1, ..., Tr. In any case, we assume that T
1, ..., Tr are identically distributed, with a common survival function ̄G and their survival copula is denoted by K. The diagonal sections of K, along with ̄G, are possible tools to describe the information needed to recover the laws of order statistics.

When attention is restricted to the absolutely continuous case, such a joint distribution can be described in terms of the associated multivariate conditional hazard rate (m.c.h.r.) functions. We then study the distributions of the order statistics of T
1, ..., Tr also in terms of the system of the m.c.h.r. functions. We compare and, in a sense, we combine the two different approaches in order to obtain different detailed formulas and to analyze some probabilistic aspects for the distributions of interest. This study also leads us to compare the two cases of exchangeable and minimally stable variables both in terms of copulas and of m.c.h.r. functions. The paper concludes with the analysis of two remarkable special cases of stochastic dependence, namely Archimedean copulas and load sharing models. This analysis will allow us to provide some illustrative examples, and some discussion about peculiar aspects of our results.
The necessity of data allocation: A plea for a private law (property law) perspective
Authors: Szilágyi Ferenc
Published: December 2021

Clarifying the legal status of data is one of the major issues and challenges the European legislator has to deal and cope with while establishing a legal frame for a European data economy. Albeit at the beginning of the policy-making process the idea of creating a data right (on non-personal data) was on the agenda of the European Commission, this idea now seems to be have been abandoned. Instead, the focus actually lies on the creation of access and management regimes (e.g. Open Data Directive, Proposal for a European Data Governance Act). This approach seems, from a private law perspective, questionable, since the access right is inherently connected to – or more precisely, flowing from – an allocative right (in its most classical form: ownership). This article is a plea for a private law, or more precisely, property law perspective, namely for the creation of an allocative data right. It explores why the access approach from a private law perspective appears to be inconsistent and outlines the contours of such allocative right. In this context, contemporary property law theories are also assessed, since it is primarily property law which shall serve as the doctrinal background and framework for the envisaged allocative data right.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Mentha pulegium, their characterization, and antifungal properties
Authors: Rizwana Humaira , Alwhibi Mona S.
Published: December 2021

Currently, the prime focus in agricultural research is on sustainability and protection of agricultural produce with minimal use of synthetic fungicides. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium (M.p) through a simple, easy, and economical method. The formation of M.p-AgNPs was ascertained with UV-visible spectroscopy that gave a surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. Further, M.p-AgNPs were characterized by energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The DLS spectrum and TEM microphotographs showed that the M.p-AgNPs were small in size, measuring between 4 and 60 nm. Significant hyphal growth inhibition of some selected fungal phytopathogens was achieved after exposing them to various concentrations of M.p-AgNPs. The M.p-AgNPs (40 µg·mL−1) suppressed the fungal mycelial growth of all the test isolates significantly. When compared to the control, Fusarium solani (63% inhibition) and Alternaria alternata (61% inhibition) showed the highest inhibition. Likewise, spore germination was inhibited in a potent manner. Hence, based on the findings of the present study, M.p-AgNPs can be used to create a low cost, nontoxic, eco-friendly fungicide to control the growth and proliferation of some fungal phytopathogens in the agricultural sector.
Comparative analysis of blockchain technology to support digital transformation in ports and shipping
Authors: Alahmadi Dimah H. , Baothman Fatmah Abdulrahman , Alrajhi Mona M. , Alshahrani Fatimah S. , Albalawi Hawazin Z.
Published: December 2021

Blockchain is one of the technologies that can support digital transformation in industries in many aspects. This sophisticated technology can provide a decentralized, transparent, and secure environment for organizations and businesses. This review article discusses the adoption of blockchain in the ports and shipping industry to support digital transformation. It also explores the integration of this technology into the current ports and shipping ecosystem. Besides, the study highlighted the situation of the supply chains management in ports and shipping domain as a case study in this field. The investigated studies show that blockchain can be integrated into processes such as financial and document workflow. This review contributes to research by focusing on the adoption of blockchain in the ports and shipping industry to support digital transformation. It also aims to understand the existing port practice and map it with current tendencies based on blockchain. This study gives insight analysis to incorporate blockchain technology into ports and shipping processes globally.
Effect of population migration and punctuated lockdown on the spread of infectious diseases
Authors: Kiran Ravi , Roy Madhumita , Abbas Syed , Taraphder A
Published: December 2021

One of the critical measures to control infectious diseases is a lockdown. Once past the lockdown stage in many parts of the world, the crucial question now concerns the effects of relaxing the lockdown and finding the best ways to implement further lockdown(s), if required, to control the spread. With the relaxation of lockdown, people migrate to different cities and enhance the spread of the disease. This work presents the population migration model for n-cities and applies the model for migration between two and three cities. The reproduction number is calculated, and the effect of the migration rate is analyzed. A punctuated lockdown is implemented to simulate a protocol of repeated lockdowns that limits the resurgence of infections. A damped oscillatory behavior is observed with multiple peaks over a period.
Pivots revisited: Cesuring in action
Authors: Barth-Weingarten Dagmar , Küttner Uwe-A. , Raymond Chase Wesley
Published: December 2021

The term “pivot” usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot’s action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action.
The Deportation of Juan: Migration Rhetoric as Decolonial Strategy in Revelation
Authors: Mata Roberto
Published: December 2021

This article explores John’s Exodus rhetoric as a decolonial strategy and maps its implications for contemporary migrants. Other scholars have convincingly argued that local authorities deported John to Patmos as a vagus, because his message opposed civic institutions, but they do not explain the nature and function of his preaching. Using migrant narratives and decolonial theory, I read John’s call to come out of Babylon and his deployment of Exodus topoi as migration rhetoric. He uses topoi of liberation, wilderness wanderings, and promised land to subvert the colonial situation of the assemblies under Rome. Rather than migrating to a place, believers embody the eschatological Exodus by rejecting food offered to idols and upholding the boundaries of Jewish identity as they wait for the full realization of God’s kingdom in the New Jerusalem. Regarding Latinx migrant communities, John’s Exodus rhetoric informs how migrants legitimate their migration and how they negotiate identity and resist imperialism in the US/Mexico borderlands.
What are the Determinants of Public Support for Climate Policies? A Review of the Empirical Literature
Authors: Bumann Silke
Published: December 2021

Climate change is one of the most challenging problems of our times. To be effective, climate policies need to receive citizens’ approval. The objective of this article is to examine both the extent of individuals’ support for different climate policies and key determinants of policy support. To this end, an overview of the related empirical literature is provided. The article shows that the empirical literature on public climate policy support is very diverse in terms of concepts, measures of policy support and empirical approaches. Moreover, the bulk of the existing empirical literature has a strong U.S. focus. The article concludes that public support for climate policies is rather a matter of climate change beliefs and party identification, and not primarily a question of socio-demographic background. The article also offers suggestions for future research as well as policy recommendations.
„
[…]
macht zugleich Experimente
[und]
zeigt auch Präparate vor
“
Authors: Lindner-Bornemann Bettina
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the role of scientific objects in early modern academic teaching. From the 17th century onwards, objects have been important both for scientific practices and for instruction. This paper has two parts. It begins with a systematic investigation of the historical development of the use of objects in academic teaching. Practice-oriented academic disciplines like medicine, physics, and biology were the first to integrate a wide range of material objects into their teaching (e. g., taxidermy animals and measuring instruments). The architecture of lecture halls, as they are illustrated in historical etchings, reflects the increasing importance of objects for academic teaching. In these etchings, objects are placed prominently within the lecture area. The use of objects during lectures also had consequences on how teachers organized their lectures and how students arranged their notes. The second part of this paper illustrates this by looking at the use of objects within Rudolf Virchow’s exemplary lectures on pathology from both the teacher’s as well as the students’ perspectives.
Kommunikationsgeschichte der Vorlesung: Linguistische Zugänge zur historischen Wissenschaftskommunikation im akademischen Hörsaal
Authors: Prinz Michael
Published: December 2021

The analysis of historical lecture practice in the context of a history of academic communication requires a multi-perspective approach. Different manifestations of communication from a historical lecture hall must be brought together and examined on the basis of a broad selection of source materials. The linguistic analysis of texts/languages, images, objects, spaces and bodies promises new insights into a long-lived communicative genre whose significance in the history of language and culture has so far only been explored in rudimentary form.
Hochfrequenz und Irregularität – zur Stammallomorphie bei (a)frz. al(l)er/(a)it. andare, (a)frz. venir/(a)it. venire und afrz. ester/(a)it. stare
Authors: Heinemann Sabine
Published: December 2021

Normally, verbs showing allomorphy due to phonological changes become more regular over time through intraparadigmatic analogy. There are verbs, though, such as auxiliaries, modals or basic verbs of movement which stay irregular, obviously due to their extremely high token frequency. Especially studies with reference to Germanic languages show that irregularity often relates to a development leading to a clear(er) distinction of single forms within a paradigm. The article examines the applicability of the concept of relevance developped by Bybee (1985), the significance of token frequency and other factors discussed in studies anchored in the usage based approach with regard to the French and Italian verbs aller/andare, venir/venire and – for Old French – ester (cf. the suppletive paradigm of être) and Italian stare, considering the development from Latin to modern French and Italian.
Commentaires sur des vers problématiquesdu manuscrit de Cambridge duRoland
Authors: Ogurisu Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

There are three extant editions of the Cambridge version ofThe Song of Roland. However, only the last one – that is, the van Emden edition – has a detailed examination of verses that pose subtle difficulties. Thus, although the manuscript’s text has been established, except for a few incorrect or uncertain readings, a more comprehensive examination of the text has just begun. This paper exhaustively contemplates the nuanced interpretations, unconvincing expansions of abbreviations, lexical and morphologic problems, and linguistic particularities of the copyist of this edition. It also considers modifications of the text, interpretation of problematic verses, and editorial methodology. The aspects listed above are not rigidly categorised because every case involves several points of view. The author of this paper has almost accomplished a fresh edition of the same manuscript,Édition électronique du Roland de Cambridge, which will soon be made available. The present paper offers supplementary information for the readers of this edition.
Strategien zur Vermeidung von V-S im Französischen
Authors: Wandruszka Ulrich
Published: December 2021

French is a heavily postdetermining iambic language. This also implies that, in contrast to German, the subject-predicate sequence is dominant even though this is not a relationship of determination in the strict sense of the term. Despite the predominant iambic intonation pattern, postposition of rhematic subjects is only possible under certain conditions in modern French. This contrasts with Italian or Spanish in cases like Domani viene Maria/Mañana llega María. A French equivalent Demain vient Marie instead of Marie vient demain or also Demain Marie vient is no longer common today for reasons to be discussed. The central question to be answered is “By which means does French resolve the conflict of linearisation arising from the tension between the dominant rising intonation pattern and the ‘phobia’ of subject inversion even when the subject is rhematic?” A comparative analysis of translations is a viable method for discovering how French marks rhematic subjects when simple postposition is not a possible strategy. This approach shows how constructions with the subject in postposition, for instance in Italian, are rendered in their French translation.
Del manuscrito al registro actual: toponimia ribagorzana en textos medievales escritos en catalán
Authors: Giralt Latorre Javier , Moret Oliver María Teresa
Published: December 2021

Catalan started to be used in writing in the 13th century like the other Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula and gradually replaced Latin. This was the case in all its territories, including the County of Ribagorza. However, this written Catalan does not faithfully reflect the oral language of that time because it is very uniform, as can be seen in the 14th century manuscripts of the old archive of Roda de Isábena (Huesca). That written language is far away from the oral speech and the dialectal solutions of the Catalan spoken in Ribagorza, although the oral linguistic reality can be perceived through some features that come up regularly, as occurs in texts from other places in the area known as “Franja de Aragón” (eastern territories of Aragon in the border with Catalonia, with a large Catalan-speaking population). Toponyms are some of those elements that connect us with the Catalan spoken in the 14th century in Ribagorza. For this reason, in this work we offer a study of the place names mentioned in the 14th century documentation written in Catalan and kept in the archive of Roda de Isábena: we analyse linguistically each of the place names noted, and we verify if they have been preserved or if they have undergone any transformation until the present day.