bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of toll-like receptor 4 ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction in aged mice
Authors: Liu Huan , Chu Shujuan , Wu Zhilin
Published: November 2021

Background

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system. TLR4 contributes to many aging-related chronic diseases. However, whether TLR4 is involved in cardiovascular injury during the aging process has not been investigated.

Methods

The effects of TLR4 on the cardiovascular system of aged mice were investigated in TLR4−/− mice. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin sensitivity test (IST) were conducted to evaluate global insulin sensitivity. Echocardiography was used to measure cardiac structure and performance. An isolated artery ring assay was used to measure the vasodilator function of the thoracic aorta. The inflammatory response was reflected by the serum concentration of cytokines.

Results

TLR4 expression increased in the hearts and aortas of mice in an age-dependent manner. Loss of TLR4 increased insulin sensitivity in aged mice. Moreover, loss of TLR4 improved cardiac performance and endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in aged mice. Importantly, the increases in serum inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the heart and aorta were also inhibited by TLR4 deficiency.

Conclusion

In summary, loss of TLR4 improved cardiac performance and endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in aged mice. The reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress may be the reason for the protective effects of TLR4 deficiency during aging. Our study indicates that targeting TLR4 is a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing aging-related cardiovascular disease.
Olig2-astrocytes express neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A10 (Asc-1) in the adult brain
Authors: Tatsumi Kouko , Kinugawa Kaoru , Isonishi Ayami , Kitabatake Masahiro , Okuda Hiroaki , Takemura Shoko , Tanaka Tatsuhide , Mori Eiichiro , Wanaka Akio
Published: November 2021

We have reported that the transcription factor Olig2 labels a subpopulation of astrocytes (Olig2-astrocytes), which show distribution patterns different from those of GFAP-expressing astrocytes (GFAP-astrocytes) in the adult brain. Here, to uncover the specific functions of Olig2-astrocytes, we first analyzed public single-cell RNA-seq databases of adult mouse brains. Unbiased classification of gene expression profiles and subsequent gene ontology analyses revealed that the majority of Olig2-astrocytes belonged to an astrocytic cluster that is enriched for transporter-related genes. SLC7A10 (also known as ASC-1) was one of the representative neutral amino acid transporter genes in the cluster. To complement the in silico data analyses, we differentially isolated Olig2- and GFAP-astrocytes from the same frozen section of the lateral globus pallidus using laser microdissection and compared their gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We confirmed that Olig2 and GFAP mRNAs were preferentially expressed in the Olig2- and GFAP-astrocytes, respectively, indicating that the laser microdissection method yielded minimal cross-contamination between two types of cells. The Olig2-astrocytes expressed significantly higher levels of SLC7A10 mRNA than the GFAP-astrocytes, corroborating the in silico data. We next localized SLC7A10 protein by immunohistochemistry in the lateral globus pallidus, which was also genetically labeled for Olig2. SLC7A10 co-localized with Olig2-genetic labeling, especially on the fine processes of Olig2-astrocytes. These results are consistent with the recent discovery that SLC7A10 is expressed not only in neurons but also in a subset of astrocytes. Taken together, our findings suggest that SLC7A10 exerts specific functions in Olig2-astrocytes of the adult brain.
C-Myc-activated long non-coding RNA LINC01050 promotes gastric cancer growth and metastasis by sponging miR-7161-3p to regulate SPZ1 expression
Authors: Ji Ziwei , Tang Tianbin , Chen Mengxia , Dong Buyuan , Sun Wenjing , Wu Nan , Chen Hao , Feng Qian , Yang Xingyi , Jin Rong , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2021

Background

Growing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in cancer development. However, the functions of most lncRNAs in human gastric cancer are still not fully understood. Here, we explored the role of a novel c-Myc-activated lncRNA, LINC01050, in gastric cancer progression.

Methods

The expression of LINC01050 in the context of gastric cancer was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. Its functions in gastric cancer were investigated through gain- and loss-of-function experiments combined with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony-forming assays, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, Western blot analyses, and xenograft tumor and mouse metastasis models. Potential LINC01050 transcription activators were screened via bioinformatics and validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. The interaction between LINC01050 and miR-7161-3p and the targets of miR-7161-3p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by a luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, and rescue experiments.

Results

LINC01050 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer, and its high expression was positively correlated with a poor prognosis. The transcription factor c-Myc was found to directly bind to the LINC01050 promoter region and activate its transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of LINC01050 was confirmed to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. At the same time, its knockdown inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro along with tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed that LINC01050 functions as a molecular sponge to absorb cytosolic miR-7161-3p, which reduces the miR-7161-3p-mediated translational repression of SPZ1, thus contributing to gastric cancer progression.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results identified a novel gastric cancer-associated lncRNA, LINC01050, which is activated by c-Myc. LINC01050 may be considered a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Constructing germline research cohorts from the discarded reads of clinical tumor sequences
Authors: Gusev Alexander , Groha Stefan , Taraszka Kodi , Semenov Yevgeniy R. , Zaitlen Noah
Published: November 2021

Background

Hundreds of thousands of cancer patients have had targeted (panel) tumor sequencing to identify clinically meaningful mutations. In addition to improving patient outcomes, this activity has led to significant discoveries in basic and translational domains. However, the targeted nature of clinical tumor sequencing has a limited scope, especially for germline genetics. In this work, we assess the utility of discarded, off-target reads from tumor-only panel sequencing for the recovery of genome-wide germline genotypes through imputation.

Methods

We developed a framework for inference of germline variants from tumor panel sequencing, including imputation, quality control, inference of genetic ancestry, germline polygenic risk scores, and HLA alleles. We benchmarked our framework on 833 individuals with tumor sequencing and matched germline SNP array data. We then applied our approach to a prospectively collected panel sequencing cohort of 25,889 tumors.

Results

We demonstrate high to moderate accuracy of each inferred feature relative to direct germline SNP array genotyping: individual common variants were imputed with a mean accuracy (correlation) of 0.86, genetic ancestry was inferred with a correlation of > 0.98, polygenic risk scores were inferred with a correlation of > 0.90, and individual HLA alleles were inferred with a correlation of > 0.80. We demonstrate a minimal influence on the accuracy of somatic copy number alterations and other tumor features. We showcase the feasibility and utility of our framework by analyzing 25,889 tumors and identifying the relationships between genetic ancestry, polygenic risk, and tumor characteristics that could not be studied with conventional on-target tumor data.

Conclusions

We conclude that targeted tumor sequencing can be leveraged to build rich germline research cohorts from existing data and make our analysis pipeline publicly available to facilitate this effort.
Insights into diastolic function analyses using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: impact of trabeculae and papillary muscles
Authors: Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Müllerleile Kai , Tahir Enver , Starekova Jitka , Grosse Regine , Yamamura Jin , Bannas Peter , Adam Gerhard , Fischer Roland
Published: November 2021

Background

This cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study investigates the impact of trabeculae and papillary muscles (TPM) on diastolic function parameters by differentiation of the time-volume curve. Differentiation causes additional problems, which is overcome by standardization.

Methods

Cine steady-state free-precession imaging at 1.5 T was performed in 40 healthy volunteers stratified for age (age range 7–78y). LV time-volume curves were assessed by software-assisted delineation of endocardial contours from short axis slices applying two different methods: (1) inclusion of TPM into the myocardium and (2) inclusion of TPM into the LV cavity blood volume. Diastolic function was assessed from the differentiated time-volume curves defining the early and atrial peaks, their filling rates, filling volumes, and further dedicated diastolic measures, respectively.

Results

Only inclusion of TPM into the myocardium allowed precise assessment of early and atrial peak filling rates (EPFR, APFR) with clear distinction of EPFR and APFR expressed by the minimum between the early and atrial peak (EAmin) (100% vs. 36% for EAmin < 0.8). Prediction of peak filling rate ratios (PFRR) and filling volume ratios (FVR) by age was superior with inclusion of TPM into the myocardium compared to inclusion into the blood pool (r2 = 0.85 vs. r2 = 0.56 and r2 = 0.89 vs. r2 = 0.66). Standardization problems were overcome by the introduction of a third phase (mid-diastole, apart from diastole and systole) and fitting of the early and atrial peaks in the differentiated time-volume curve.

Conclusions

Only LV volumetry with inclusion of TPM into the myocardium allows precise determination of diastolic measures and prevents methodological artifacts.
Association of baseline neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio with response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tucker Matthew D. , Brown Landon C. , Chen Yu-Wei , Kao Chester , Hirshman Nathan , Kinsey Emily N. , Ancell Kristin K. , Beckermann Kathryn E. , Davis Nancy B. , McAlister Renee , Schaffer Kerry , Armstrong Andrew J. , Harrison Michael R. , George Daniel J. , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Rini Brian I. , Zhang Tian
Published: November 2021

Background

The identification of biomarkers to select patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) most likely to respond to combination immunotherapy (IO) is needed. We sought to investigate an association of the baseline neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) with outcomes to nivolumab plus ipilimumab for patients with mRCC.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients with clear cell mRCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab from Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and Duke Cancer Institute. Patients with prior receipt of immunotherapy and those without available baseline complete blood count with differential were excluded. Patients were divided into groups by the median baseline NER and analyzed for overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Patients were also divided by median baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and analyzed for clinical outcome. Further analyses of patients above/below the median NER and NLR were performed in subgroups of IMDC intermediate/poor risk, IMDC favorable risk, and treatment naïve patients.

Results

A total of 110 patients were included: median age was 61 years and 75% were treatment naïve. The median NER (mNER) at baseline was 26.4. The ORR was 40% for patients with mNER (OR 2.39, p = 0.04). The median PFS for patients with mNER (HR 0.50, p < 0.01). Median OS was not reached (NR) for patients with mNER (HR 0.31, p < 0.01). The median NLR (mNLR) was 3.42. While patients with mNLR group.

Conclusions

A lower baseline NER was associated with improved clinical outcomes (PFS, OS, and ORR) in patients with mRCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and prospective validation of the baseline NER as a predictive biomarker for response to immunotherapy-based combinations in mRCC is warranted.
Claim reserving for insurance contracts in line with the International Financial Reporting Standards 17: a new paid-incurred chain approach to risk adjustments
Authors: Zhao Yixing , Mamon Rogemar , Xiong Heng
Published: November 2021

This study considers the risk management of insurance policies in line with the implementation of the new International Financial Reporting Standards 17. It applies the paid-incurred chain method to model the future unpaid losses by combining the information channels of both the incurred claims and paid losses. We propose the recovery of the empirical distribution of the outstanding claims liabilities associated with a group of contracts via moment-based density approximation. We determine the risk measures and adjustments that are compliant with the new standard using the Monte–Carlo simulation method and approximated distributions. The historical data on the aggregate Ontario automobile insurance claims over a 15-year period are analyzed to examine the appropriateness and accuracy of our approach.
Seismic refraction data analysis using machine learning and numerical modeling for characterization of dam construction sites
Authors: Poormirzaee Rashed , Sohrabian Babak , Tahmasebi Pejman
Published: November 2021

Seismic refraction is a cost-effective tool to reveal subsurface compressional wave (P-wave) velocity. Inversion of traveltimes for estimating a realistic velocity model is a significant step in the processing of seismic refraction data. The results of the seismic data inversion are stochastic; thus, using prior information or complementary geophysical data can have a significant role in estimating the structural properties based on the observed data. Nevertheless, sufficient prior information or auxiliary data are not available in many geophysical sites. In such situations, developing advanced computational modeling is a vital step in providing primary information and improving the results. To this aim, a new inversion framework through hybrid committee artificial neural networks (CANNs) and the flower pollination (FP) optimization algorithm is introduced for inversion of refracted seismic traveltimes. Synthetic models generated by a forward-modeling approach are used to train the machine-learning model. Then, model parameters, such as the number of layers, thicknesses, and P-wave velocities, are predicted using a committee machine constructed based on several neural networks, which is achieved by averaging and stack generalization methods in which the latter method provides a better result. Then, the CANN results are used in the FP inversion algorithm to estimate the final model because it provides essential prior information on the number of layers and model parameters, which can be used in the FP searching algorithm. Our inversion procedure is tested on different synthetic data sets and applied at a dam site to determine the number of layers and their thicknesses. Our findings indicate a successful performance on synthetic and real data for automatic inversion of seismic refraction data.
Communicating an Empire and Its Many Worlds: Spanish American Mail, Logistics, and Postal Agents, 1492–1620
Authors: González Martínez Nelson Fernando
Published: November 2021

This article examines the principles underlying Spanish American mail during the government of the first Hapsburgs. I propose that this mail system, in which official and unofficial postal services coexisted, allowed for an intense communicational experience; rather than restricting correspondence, mail circulated at unprecedented levels. To understand this system's rationale I focus on the figure of the correos mayores, who were responsible for the distribution of official information (or information of interest to the crown) within certain Spanish American cities. Using sources in American and European archives, I question the premise that Spanish American communication was chaotic during this period. I also argue that the exceptional circulation of mail within Spanish America and overseas during the sixteenth century is essential for understanding European expansion and the early modern world.
Tecnologías de la memoria: Mapas y padrones en la configuración del territorio guaraní de las misiones
Authors: Wilde Guillermo , Takeda Kazuhisa
Published: November 2021

Los mapas y los censos poblacionales o padrones constituyeron dos instrumentos cruciales en el proceso de configuración territorial de las misiones guaraníes. Ambas tecnologías, incorporadas por los jesuitas para el gobierno de la población y el territorio, no solamente sirvieron para representar o describir la situación de las misiones en distintos momentos, sino que fueron dispositivos fundamentales para delimitar el espacio misionero. A su vez, sirvieron como herramientas de la administración misionera apropiadas por la población indígena en la definición de su pertenencia identitaria. De manera similar y complementaria a la escritura narrativa, los mapas y padrones funcionaron como soportes eficaces de la memoria territorial. La primera parte del artículo explora las características de los cacicazgos guaraníes en las misiones y su rol en la organización del territorio. La segunda y tercera partes se adentran en los usos de la cartografía misionera como instrumento de construcción territorial en manos de los religiosos y de las autoridades indígenas de las misiones. La cuarta parte estudia las relaciones entre algunos mapas poco conocidos hasta el momento y los padrones o censos poblacionales como dispositivos complementarios de organización del espacio y la memoria.
Appropriateness of standard cephalometric norms for the assessment of dentofacial characteristics in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Savoldi Fabio , Del Re Francesca , Tonni Ingrid , Gu Min , Dalessandri Domenico , Visconti Luca
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare skeletal syndrome affecting craniofacial and dental development. As a consequence, conventional cephalometric landmarks may not be valid for CCD patients, and the appropriateness of norms used for the general population should be critically discussed.

Methods:

Five patients 9- to 22-year-old (three females, two males) with CCD were included. Lateral-cephalograms, orthopantomographies, and intra-oral photos were retrospectively analysed. Lateral-cephalograms of 50 normal controls (ten for each CCD patient) matched for age and sex were selected from an online database. Cephalometric measurements of each CCD patients were compared with average values of matched controls using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired values (α = 0.05).

Results:

In CCD patients, a shortening of the cranial base was present (ΔSN = −17.1 mm, p = 0.043). Thus, the mandible (ΔSNPg = +9.5°, p = 0.043) and the maxilla (ΔSNA = +11.2°, p = 0.043) showed protrusion compared to the cranial base, despite a reduced maxillary (ΔCo-A = −15.1 mm, p = 0.043) and mandibular (ΔCo-Gn = −15.2 mm, p = 0.080) length. The mandibular divergence was reduced (ΔSN/GoGn = −6.4°, p = 0.043), a reduced overbite was present (ΔOverbite = −2.9 mm, p = 0.043), and the interincisal angle was increased (ΔInterincisalAngle = +13.7°, p = 0.043), mainly due to retro-inclination of lower incisors.

Conclusions:

Standard cephalometric norms for the assessment of horizontal jaw position may not be applicable to CCD patients because of a reduced anterior cranial base length compared to normal subjects. Vertical relationships may not be affected, and mandibular hypodivergency was confirmed.
Ανάλυση δομής και συνθήκες φυσικής αναγέννησης των αμιγών συστάδων οξιάς στο Εθνικό Πάρκο Οροσειράς Ροδόπης
Authors: Κεχαγιόγλου Σταύρος
Published: November 2021

Το Εθνικό Πάρκο Οροσειράς Ροδόπης (ΕΠΟΡ) είναι μία από τις πιο οικολογικά ενδιαφέρουσες περιοχές της Ευρώπης λόγω της μεγάλης βιοποικιλότητας του. Τα τελευταία χρόνια υπάρχει έντονο ενδιαφέρον όσο αφορά την βιωσιμότητα των αμιγών δασών οξιάς στην Ευρώπη λόγω της κλιματικής αλλαγής και άλλων σημαντικών απειλών. Η οξιά (Fagus sylvatica L.) είναι ένα από τα πιο αντιπροσωπευτικά και σημαντικά δασοπονικά είδη τόσο στην Ευρώπη όσο και στο ΕΠΟΡ. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ανάλυση της δομής και της φυσικής αναγέννησης της οξιάς. Για τον σκοπό αυτό λήφθηκαν με απλή τυχαία δειγματοληψία συνολικά 30 κυκλικές δειγµατοληπτικές επιφάνειες έκτασης 1 στρέμματος. Τα κύρια δενδρομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά που μετρήθηκαν ήταν η στηθιαία διάμετρος, το ύψος, το μήκος κόμης, ύψος έναρξης κόμης και η ηλικία. Για την μέτρηση της ηλικίας των δέντρων πάρθηκαν 90 δίσκοι κορμού και μετρήθηκαν οι ετήσιοι δακτύλιοι. Επιπλέον, προσδιορίστηκε η Ποιότητα Τόπου, υπολογίστηκε ο όγκος των ιστάμενων δέντρων και ο βαθμός λυγερότητας των δέντρων. Επίσης καταγράφηκαν όλα τα ιστάμενα ζωντανά και νεκρά δένδρα με στηθιαία διάμετρο πάνω από 5 cm καθώς και τα κατακείμενα νεκρά με ελάχιστη διάμετρο στο λεπτότερο σημείο μεγαλύτερη από 10 cm. H αναγέννηση καταγράφηκε σε 3 κυκλικές υποεπιφάνειες ανά επιφάνεια. Ακόμη διερευνήθηκαν στατιστικά οι σχέσεις διαμέτρου - ύψους, διαμέτρου - διαμέτρου κόμης, ύψους/διαμέτρου - ύψους έναρξης κόμης, διαμέτρου - ηλικίας με σκοπό να δημιουργηθούν δασοαποδοτικά πρότυπα υπολογισμού τους. Τέλος πάρθηκαν συνολικά 3 προφίλ ένα σε κάθε ποιότητα τόπου. Για τις ανάγκες της έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σύγχρονα λογισμικά στατιστικής επεξεργασίας όπως επίσης και για την ακρίβεια των μετρήσεων χρησιμοποιήθηκε σύγχρονος εξοπλισμός. Από την διάκριση ποιοτήτων τόπου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε προέκυψαν τρεις Ποιότητες Τόπου η Ποιότητα Τόπου ΙΙ, η Ποιότητα Τόπου ΙΙΙ και η Ποιότητα Τόπου IV. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι στην περιοχή έρευνας και στις τρεις ποιότητες τόπου η δομή των συστάδων είναι ακανόνιστη υποκηπευτή. Η φυσική αναγέννηση της οξιάς δεν είναι ικανοποιητική και κυμαίνεται από χαμηλή έως και μέτρια κατά θέσεις. Επίσης, από τις κατανομές διαμέτρου σε ζώντα και νεκρά δέντρα διαπιστώθηκε η απουσία των μεγάλων δέντρων ζώντων και νεκρών, γεγονός που οφείλεται στο καθεστώς διαχείρισης. Επίσης ο μέσος όρος νεκρού ξύλου είναι μικρότερος του συνιστώμενου όγκου νεκρού ξύλου στην Ευρώπη. Η στατιστική ανάλυση των αλλομετρικών σχέσεων έδειξε κάποια μοντέλα να παρουσιάζουν από πολύ καλή έως καλή προσαρμογή προβλέποντας αντίστοιχα ποσοστά της συνολικής μεταβλητότητας. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη το γεγονός ότι η οξιά αποτελεί ένα από τα σημαντικότερα δασοπονικά είδη της Ευρώπης και του ΕΠΟΡ, τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας έρευνας αναμένεται να ενισχύσουν σημαντικά την αειφορική διαχείριση των συγκεκριμένων δασικών οικοσυστημάτων, προσφέροντας νέες κατευθύνσεις προς μια ολοκληρωμένη προσέγγιση και θα αποτελέσουν εργαλείο για την λήψη αποφάσεων με σκοπό την προστασία, διατήρηση και ενίσχυση της βιοποικιλότητας.
El dirigismo de la información y el dominio del miedo
Authors: Sabina Gutierrez Julia
Published: November 2021

Las grandes potencias siempre han intentado dirigir los medios de comunicación, que constituyen el mejor instrumento de la democracia para intentar eliminar las desigualdades. En esta tarea, casi siempre los Estados Unidos han gozado de la hegemonía, pero en los últimos tiempos están surgiendo serios y potentes competidores. Para mantener ese papel de liderazgo, Donald Trump trata de controlar e incluso de cerrar los medios, imponiendo la política del miedo.
La intimidad del cronista como materia de estudio del propio cronista. Un estudio de caso: Gabriela Wiener
Authors: López Redondo Isaac , López Hidalgo Antonio
Published: November 2021

La periodista peruana Gabriela Wiener es una de las más interesantes precursoras de la crónica personal en el continente americano, al mismo tiempo que es la profesional que mejor ha sabido ejercer y entender el periodismo gonzo. Su intimidad es la materia de estudio de la cronista. Porque también describirnos es describir el mundo, señala Wiener. Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados, hemos utilizado como método de investigación el análisis de contenido, así como el estudio de caso en profundidad de la obra periodística de Gabriela Wiener.
Reflexiones teóricas en torno a las tecnologías digitales como forma de superación del binarismo entre las categorías de modernidad y tradición
Authors: Arango Pinto Luis Gabriel
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una reflexión teórica sobre el uso y apropiación de las tecnologías digitales en la movilización de aspectos culturales de los pueblos originarios. A partir de la presentación de casos registrados en el estado mexicano de Oaxaca que ejemplifican el papel de tecnologías digitales en la vigencia cultural de sus rasgos comunitarios, se realiza una revisión crítica de categorías binarias como lo moderno (relacionado con lo occidental y globalizado) y lo tradicional (relacionado con lo local y comunitario). Se concluye que es posible una superación de tales ideas antagónicas en la medida en que es a partir de mestizajes e hibridaciones que se construye y resignifica la vigencia cultural de los pueblos.
Technopolitics, connective action and convergent activism: emerging communication practices from ecosocial struggles
Authors: Vanegas Toala Yadis Vanessa , Medina-Bravo Pilar , Rodrigo-Alsina Miquel
Published: November 2021

This article draws on the notion of technopolitics to analyze the reconfiguration of collective networked action of eco-social activism, based on the study of #SOSPuebloShuar on Twitter. Through the method of social network analysis, the main political actors and their relationships are mapped, as a strategy to characterize the connective action that preconfigures a collaborative and convergent activism, based on ethno-cultural, ecological-territorial and human rights claims.
Emergency management of open fractures
Authors: Cesarano Michelle , Sandness Brea , Perry Karen L
Published: November 2021

Open fractures are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as infection or nonunion, and present a therapeutic challenge. The incidence of such complications is directly influenced by how they are treated in the first several hours after presentation. As such, the focus of this article is to adopt an evidence-based approach to guide open fracture emergency management and minimise complication rates. Upon initial presentation, the potential for concomitant life-threatening injuries should be investigated and the patient stabilised as necessary. Critical components of emergency management that have been shown to impact on complication rates include initial classification of the fracture, the prompt instigation of broad-spectrum systemic antibiotic therapy, the use of local antibiotics in select cases and copious wound irrigation using sterile saline. As long as antibiosis is attended to appropriately, small delays in wound debridement do not translate to increased complication rates and waiting for an experienced surgical team is recommended. In cases with no severe tissue damage or contamination, primary wound closure results in lower infection rates and can be recommended. In cases where primary closure is not an option, the wound should be sealed to prevent contamination with nosocomial pathogens.
Vatinoxan – a new development for the clinical use of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in dogs: part 2
Authors: Bennett Rachel C
Published: November 2021

The first article in this two part series explored the pharmacodynamics of vatinoxan as a peripherally acting α2 adrenoceptor agonist, and in this installment the pharmacokinetics of vatinoxan and its effect on coadministered drugs are explored.
Visible and long wave infrared imaging in degraded environments using three dimensional polarimetric integral imaging
Authors: Usmani Kashif , O’Connor Timothy , Marasco Peter , Javidi Bahram
Published: November 2021

We overview polarimetric sensing of objects in low light illumination conditions using three dimensional integral imaging in the visible and long wave infrared (LWIR) domains. SNR of polarimetric imaging in both domains is compared.
Photophoretic Optical Trap Display Test Rigs
Authors: Barton Dylan , Kuttler Riley , Weaver Brenden , Briceno Ximena , Huffman Braden , Shurilla Keaton , Schvaneveldt Kyle , Steffen Alexander , Smalley Daniel
Published: November 2021

We present a rapid-fabrication-friendly test rig to help democratize and de-localize research to improve photophoretic optical trap displays.
Large Field of View Ghost Image Free Achromatic Head-Up Display
Authors: Sulyok Abel , Koppa Pal
Published: November 2021

We propose an achromatic polarization correction method based on two half-wave plates to suppress ghost images in head-up displays. Based on the results a ghost image free colour HUD is demonstrated with 13° x 30° FOV.
Tri-Aperture Monocular Laparoscopic Objective for Stereoscopic and Wide Field of View Acquisition
Authors: Kwan Elliott , Hua Hong
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a manufacturable monocular laparoscopic objective lens design that acquires simultaneous stereoscopic views via two apertures and a custom prism and an additional wider field of view via a central third aperture.
Pseudo-Noise Code Interferometry for Multibeam Lidar
Authors: Ting Kai-Ting , Wagner Kelvin H.
Published: November 2021

We present traveling-wave pseudo-noise coded interferometry to generate hundreds of uniquely intensity-modulated beams for multibeam lidar. Lidar backscatter is summed on a single detector and separated into individual beam range profiles with a single correlation.
Dynamic virtual camera based three-dimensional imaging in a synthetic field of view
Authors: Liu Xingsheng , Li Anhu
Published: November 2021

To achieve spatial retrieval with compact flexible setup, we present a three-dimensional imaging technique using a dynamic virtual camera to combine multiview acquisition with overlap prelocation, enabling stereo reconstruction across a synthetic field of view.
A Novel Method for Resolving the Full Waveform Lidar Overlapped Peaks
Authors: Massoud Ali , Jiang Zhiping , Gao Hongbiao , Li Zeng
Published: November 2021

A novel method resolving the overlapped peaks of the waveform Lidar is presented. It combines a matched filter with an iterative deconvolution. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of this method compared with the conventional ones.
Assesment of a Fresnel biprism-based digital holographic microscope for fast, high-sensitivity, high-resolution and polarization-sensitive phase imaging
Authors: Hayes-Rounds Charity , Bogue-Jimenez Brian , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge , Skalli Omar , Doblas Ana
Published: November 2021

We present a digital holographic microscope using a Fresnel biprism. The proposed system offers the five desired features in phase imaging: high stability high speed, high accuracy, high resolution, and sensitivity to the birefringence.
Standoff measurement of spectral changes in UV-aged bitumen
Authors: Davis Nicholas M. , Hodgkinson Jane , Browne Cormac , Nesnas Kamal , Wright Alex , Tatam Ralph P.
Published: November 2021

Laser standoff Instrumentation has been developed to measure surface reflectivity of UV-aged bitumen at four specific mid-IR wavelengths. Preliminary measurements reveal heterogeneity across individual bitumen samples and an overall trend with bitumen age.
Extended Depth of Field Microscopy for Single Shot 3D Surface Profiling
Authors: Martínez Pol , Bermudez Carlos , Artigas Roger , Carles Guillem
Published: November 2021

We report a computational microscopy technique for 3D surface measurements with an extended depth-of-field. Using two independent cameras, it enables fast and robust extended-range topographic surface measurements from only a single pair-shot.
Full-field laser heterodyne imaging vibrometry
Authors: Chen Zonghui , Xiao Wen , Pan Feng , Hou Xueqin , Hao Hongliang , Guo Zhuang
Published: November 2021

A laser heterodyne vibrometry using high-speed camera is proposed for full-field vibration measurement. A demodulation method is designed to mitigate the speckle noise. The experiment results are verified by the result from a LDV.
Compressive Imaging Spectropolarimetry based on Triple Wollaston-prism
Authors: Ren Wenyi , Ning Jianglan , Meng Jianwen , Wu Dan , Xie Yingge , Zhang Rui , Wang Jian
Published: November 2021

Inspired by the coded aperture snapshot spectral imagery, a triple Wollaston-prism based compressive imaging spectropolarimeter is proposed to acquire the spatial, spectral, and full-Stokes polarization information by one snapshot measurement, simultaneously. The feasibility and fidelity are verified via simulation.
Stand-off hyperspectral imaging with a turn-key Mid-IR QCL dual-comb spectrometer for trace explosives detection
Authors: Hayden Jakob , Macarthur John , Horvath Raphael , Eigenmann Florian , Geiser Markus , Savitski Vasili
Published: November 2021

The identification of explosives residue and other harmful materials in field is a key problem to solve for world safety. Here we present a point-by-point imaging technique based on stand-off dual-comb spectroscopy carried out with QCL frequency combs using a fast scanning technique to provide hyperspectral images with species specific absorption spectra.
Light Field Quality Assessment Based on Aggregation of Visual Features in Spatio-angular Domains
Authors: Zou Zhuocheng , Liu Chang , Zhang Li , Qiu Jun
Published: November 2021

The visual features are extracted and aggregated to indicate the light field quality, which are composed of the natural statistical features in spatial domain, the gray level co-occurrence features in angular and spatio-angular coupling domains.
Relative Intensity Noise Characterization of a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency-Comb Symmetric Dual-Comb Spectrometer
Authors: Kosan Nicholas , Patrick Link , Wysocki Gerard
Published: November 2021

We measure the relative intensity noise (RIN) of a symmetric Dual-Comb Spectrometer enabled by quantum cascade laser frequency-combs. The RIN of the maximum peak in the multiheterodyne spectra is mitigated from

5.2
∗

10

−
3

Hz

−

1
2

to

2.2
∗

10

−
3

H

z

−

1
2

by performing digitally balanced detection between signal and reference channels.
Super-Resolution in coherence-controlled holographic microscope using synthetic aperture approach
Authors: Ďuriš Miroslav , Chmelík Radim
Published: November 2021

We overcome the diffraction limit of the optical system to achieve high- throughput imaging. We propose a method combining incoherent imaging properties of coherence-controlled holographic microscope with the synthetic aperture approach.
Simulated Imaging of Atomic Surface-Structures via Holographic Approaches by Planar Electron Backscattered Diffraction Patterns
Authors: Gianfelice Matthias , Westphal Carsten
Published: November 2021

We examine the application of holographic principles in atomic scales by simulating EBSD experiments. First experiments prove the validity of our approach and are presented as examples and as a preview.
Wide angle holographic projector based on phase only SLM for the automotive application
Authors: Chakir Soukaina , Heggarty Kevin , Mermillod Pierre , de Brougenet de la Tocnay Jean Louis
Published: November 2021

A wavefront correction technique based on adaptive optics is demonstrated for a holographic display. For different regions of interest in the output image, a phase only SLM displays a pre-compensated hologram that reduces the aberrations.
Compact Neutron Generator with Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion for Neutron Radiography
Authors: Takakura Kei , Miyadera Haruo , Yoshioka Kenichi , Karino Yoshiji , Kimura Rei , Nakayama Kohichi , Hotta Eiki , Hasegawa Jun
Published: November 2021

A compact inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion neutron source was developed. Imaging tests using the novel IEC neutron source were conducted with the indirect method using dysprosium foil and an imaging plate.
A study of terahertz beam simulation with ray tracing for computed tomography
Authors: Paramonov Pavel , Lumbeeck Lars-Paul , Sijbers Jan , De Beenhouwer Jan
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the application of a ray tracing technique to terahertz (THz) computed tomography (CT). We evaluate its accuracy by comparing the resulting sinograms with the ones simulated with a Born series approximation.
How good an estimator of turbulence strength is C n 2. at the boundary layer?
Authors: Sepúlveda Marco , Pérez Darío G. , Olivares Felipe , Ortiz-Suslow David G. , Yamaguchi Ryan , Wang Qing
Published: November 2021

The Obukhov-Kolmogorov (OK) theory has provided us with the very well- known –11/3-power spectrum; widely assumed as a valid model for the refractive index fluctuations in the whole atmosphere. Within its reach, the strength of the fluctuations are conveyed by the structure constant,

C
n
2

. Yet, the OK model presupposes the existence of statistical isotropy and homogeneity–both for the velocity and refractive index fluctuations. In this work, we show that this is a rare occurrence in turbulent airflow above the ocean. Therefore, we need to re-evaluate the physical meaning of

C
n
2

measurements.
Temperature Insensitive Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor
Authors: Ghosh Chiranjit , Priye Vishnu
Published: November 2021

A scheme of temperature insensitive FBG strain sensor is proposed. Two FBGs are designed in such a way that the effect of temperature on one FBG is counteracted by the other FBG.
Compressive imaging spectropolarimeter based on pixelated polarizer array
Authors: Wu Dan , Ren Wenyi , Xu Zhilong , Xie Yingge , Zhang Rui , Wang Jian
Published: November 2021

Inspired by the coded apertured snapshot spectral imager, a compressive imag- ing spectropolarimeter based on pixelated polarizer array(CISPPA) is developed to take the spatial, spectral and linear polarization information simultaneously. The principle and simulation result is presented in this paper.
Borosilicate Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-assisted spectroscopy of nitric oxide in the Mid-IR
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Dudzik Grzegorz , Kozioł Paweł , Sazio Pier J. , Belardi Walter , Krzempek Karol
Published: November 2021

In this work, we present a borosilicate Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-based gas sensor enabling detection of nitric oxide with a parts-per-billion by volume level sensitivity targeting its transition at 5.26 µm using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy technique.
The Imaging FTS Concept for the Arctic Observing Mission
Authors: Moreau Louis , Lantagne Stéphane , Tanguay Francois , Thériault Guillaume
Published: November 2021

AOM is a proposed satellite mission to observe greenhouse gases and air quality over the high northern latitudes with an hourly revisit time. We will present the greenhouse gas instrument concept, a dedicated imaging FTS.
Retrieval of greenhouse gas concentrations using ground- based FTS spectra at Wuhan, China
Authors: Pei Zhipeng , Han Ge , Ma Xin , Gong Wei
Published: November 2021

We present the observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in Wuhan using the HELIOS-100, a new portable Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) maded by ABB Inc. The retrieval method and observation results will be introduced.
Ground-based corner cube retroreflector optimal design for the geolocation validation of satellite photon counting lidar
Authors: Zhang Qianyin , Zhou Hui , Li Song , Ma Yue
Published: November 2021

The corner cube retroreflector (CCR) can be applied in the on-orbit geolocation validation of satellite photon counting lidar, which provides insight into the fidelity of laser footprint geolocation on the ground. A novel parameter optimization method, to the best of our knowledge, is proposed to enhance the performance of the CCR. Based on the velocity aberration effect of the satellite and the far-field diffraction pattern (FFDP) of the CCR, a mathematical model with respect to the received energy and design parameters of the CCR, including the aperture, the dihedral angle errors (DAE), and the curvature radius of the front face (CROF), is derived. We can achieve the optimal design parameters of the CCR through searching for the locations of the maximal and uniform FFDP on the circumference of the aberration position. We resolve the optimal aperture, the DAE, and the CROF of the CCR as 14.3 mm, 2.4 in., and 6000 m for the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) lidar. The received energy derived from the derived parameters has a significant improvement of around 26 times compared with the CCR parameters employed in the ICESat-2. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective, and the regression models of the optimal aperture and DAE for different satellite altitudes are conveniently employed in the design of the CCR for the geolocation validation of satellite photon counting lidar.
Control of transverse mode in a He–Ne laser using an astigmatic resonator
Authors: Zhang Qingli , Wang Chencheng , Dong Xiangmei , Gao Xiumin
Published: November 2021

The realization of output of the controllable transverse mode in a laser resonator has always been the key problem in applications of lasers. At present, the theory of optical resonators for passive resonators is relatively mature, but the non-uniformity of gain media greatly affects the output of the laser transverse mode for astigmatic resonators in operation; especially for gas lasers, controllable high-order modes have not been studied. To realize the theory of an astigmatic passive resonator of a gas laser as a good approximation of an active resonator, this paper develops the theory of selecting the laser eigenmode through an astigmatic resonator, and verifies that the two-dimensional tilt of the cavity mirror can break the axial symmetry. Controllable output of the laser mode is realized in real time and conveniently for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. This scheme is not only common to all kinds of lasers, but also has important research significance for the high-order modes required for real-time and rapid regulation of gas lasers under operating conditions.
Labe-free nonlinear microscopy with single source and detector
Authors: Kang Juehyung , Kang Ungyo , Nam Hyeong Soo , Kim Wooseop , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Ryeong Hyeon , Kim Jin Won , Yoo Hongki
Published: November 2021

A multimodal nonlinear microscope using single source and detector was developed. With the microscope we successfully acquired two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and back reflection images of biological samples.
Two-photon visual sensitivity of cataract patients
Authors: Komar Katarzyna , Marzejon Marcin , Matuszak Anna , Sikorski Bartosz , Wojtkowski Maciej
Published: November 2021

The two- and one-photon visual sensitivities (2phS and 1phS) of cataract patients were tested before and after IOL surgery. Mean change in 2phS was twice smaller than 1phS indicating that 2phS is less affected by cataract.
Fiber coupled, 20 MHz Repetition Rate, sub ps Ti:sapphire Laser for in vivo Nonlinear Microscopy of the Skin
Authors: Krolopp Ádám , Fésűs Luca , Szipőcs Gergely , Wikonkál Norbert , Szipőcs Róbert
Published: November 2021

A fiber coupled, sub ps Ti:sapphire laser suitable for in vivo, stain free, 3D imaging of skin alterations is introduced. It is pumped by a low cost, 2.1 W pump laser and delivers 0.6 1 ps high peak power pulses optimized for fiber delivery.
Biophysical analysis of in-flow deformed lymphocytes by static light scattering
Authors: Dannhauser David , Maremonti Maria Isabella , Rossi Domenico , Netti Paolo A. , Causa Filippo
Published: November 2021

The microfluidic based characterization (static light scattering) of morphometric and optical cell properties over time related to an in-flow applied compressive force over time can reveal useful insides in cell-mechanical processes.
Autofluorescence Imaging is Sensitive to CD4+ T cell Subtypes and Microenvironment
Authors: Tweed Kelsey , Jones Isabel , Walsh Alex , Skala Melissa C.
Published: November 2021

This study uses autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD to characterize the metabolism of CD4+ T cells. We show that autofluorescence is sensitive to CD4+ T cell subtypes, and changes in microenvironment.
Remote-Focussing for Volumetric Imaging in a Contactless and Label-Free Neurosurgical Microscope
Authors: Cui Jiahe , Turcotte Raphaël , Hampson Karen , Emptage Nigel J. , Booth Martin J.
Published: November 2021

We present a compact and contactless reflectance confocal neurosurgical microscope that allows remote-focussing via a deformable mirror for volumetric imaging. Wavefront analysis was performed and remote-focussing was demonstrated in mouse calvaria.
Optical Slot Waveguide Based On Photonic-Plasmonic Structure For Biosensing Applications
Authors: Sulabh  , Kumar Mukesh
Published: November 2021

A photonic-plasmonic slot waveguide structure with gold cover as microchannel forming horizontal and vertical slots is proposed. The bulk sensitivity for TM mode is 0.96 nm/nm and phase surface sensitivity is 11.6/rad of protein A.
Local light enhancement by an optimal ring-disk plasmonic nanostructure for sensing applications
Authors: Darweesh Ahmad A. , Herzog Joseph B.
Published: November 2021

A nanoring-nanodisk plasmonic structure with a fixed gap space has been designed and simulated. Local optical enhancement was calculated for different nanoring-nanodisk radius. Such enhancement can improve SERS and the plasmonic biosensor performance.
Effective Scanning Protocol for Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography using a 1.6 MHz Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Laser Source
Authors: Miao Yusi , Hsu Destiny , Kwon Jihoon , Athwal Arman , Yu Yang , Jian Yifan , Sarunic Marinko V. , Ju Myeong Jin
Published: November 2021

We present an ideal acquisition protocol and processing algorithm for optimum OCT angiography quality using Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser, with results demonstrating high vasculature contrast at 1.6 MHz scan rates in the human retina.
Recognition of Finger Placement for Photoplethysmography Acquisition using a Simple Frequency Domain Method
Authors: Parande Richa , Trakoolwilaiwan Thanawin , Liang Leon , Singh Gurpreet , Olivo Malini
Published: November 2021

Time domain methods can recognize finger placement during photoplethysmography. They are, however, susceptible to motion and noise. This paper explores a frequency domain method with an area-under-the-curve of 0.95 to determine finger placement.
Using Time-series Breathing Patterns in Machine Learning Models to Classify Respiratory Diseases: An Initial Study
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Taha Aza , Trakoolwilaiwan Thanawin , Tee Augustine , Yoong Joanne , Olivo Malini
Published: November 2021

Lung function classifies respiratory diseases. However, obtaining them with spirometry is difficult. We present an easy method that combines breathing patterns and machine learning to classify healthy from respiratory conditions at accuracy of 97.7%.
Three-Dimensional Visualization and Quantitative Characterization of Cerebral Microvasculature in Mice
Authors: Xie Danny , Crouzet Christian , Khouri Katiana , LoPresti Krystal , Wang Yuke , Robinson Christopher , Cribbs David , Fisher Mark , Choi Bernard
Published: November 2021

We present a method for visualizing cerebral microvasculature in three-dimensions using an exogenous fluorescent label, tissue clearing, and confocal microscopy. A segmentation algorithm was developed for quantitative analysis of microvasculature.
Computationally efficient phase aberration compensation method for digital holographic microscopy of biological samples
Authors: Obando-Vásquez Sofía , Trujjillo Carlos
Published: November 2021

A computationally efficient phase compensation method for digital holographic microscopy that considers critical points in the spatial frequency domain is presented. The method is validated with biological samples.