bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Somatosensory mechanical response and digit somatotopy within cortical areas of the postcentral gyrus in humans: An MEG study
Authors: Inoue Ken , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi , Hadoush Hikmat , Kurumadani Hiroshi , Hashizume Akira , Sunagawa Toru , Ochi Mitsuo
Published: March 2012

Somatosensory evoked fields in response to compression (termed as Co) and decompression (termed as De) of glabrous skin (D1, thumb; D2, index finger; D5, little finger) were recorded. Although estimated equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) following stimulation of D1 and D5 were larger, but not significantly larger, in decompression than in compression, those of D2 were significantly larger (P = 0.035). The ECDs were located in the postcentral gyrus in the order of D5De, D2De, and D1De medially, posteriorly, and superiorly in decompression but not in compression (z‐value, F = 2.692, P = 0.031). The average distance of ECDs between D1 and D5 was longer in decompression (12.8 ± 1.6 mm) than in compression (9.1 ± 1.6 mm). Our data suggest that the cortical response for the commonly used digit D2 is functionally different from those for other digits (D1 and D5) that the somatotopic variability is greater in compression. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is CO2 fixation promoted through the formation of DBU bicarbonate salt?
Authors: Mizuno Takumi , Nakai Takeo , Mihara Masatoshi
Published: March 2012

The bicyclic amidines, 1,8‐diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0] non‐5‐ene (DBN), were used for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide. The promotion for CO2 fixation is often reported through the formation of a thermally unstable DBU or DBN bicarbonate salt. To examine the effects of the DBU or DBN bicarbonate salt, reactions of 2‐aminobenzonitrile with the DBU salt or DBN salt in dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed at 20°C for 24 h in argon or carbon dioxide (0.1 MPa). However, in all the cases, 1H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐dione was not obtained completely. In contrast with room temperature reactions, 2‐aminobenzonitriles and DBU bicarbonate salt in DMF reacted for 4 h under high temperature (80°C) and CO2 atmosphere (0.1 MPa) gave 1H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐diones in good to excellent yields. At high‐temperature conditions, DBU bicarbonate salt is decomposed to DBU and carbon dioxide. Also, the carbonylation of 2‐aminobenzonitrile using DBU and carbon dioxide afforded 1H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐dione in good yields under similar reaction conditions. These results suggest that the combination of DBU or DBN as a strong base and carbon dioxide is much more important than the in situ formation of DBU or DBN bicarbonate salt for the acceleration of CO2 fixation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:276–280, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21014
Effect of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program on quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: Review of clinical experience
Authors: Eades Margaret , Murphy Jessica , Carney Siobhan , Amdouni Shafia , Lemoignan Josée , Jelowicki Marta , Nadler Michelle , Chasen Martin , Gagnon Bruno
Published: March 2012

Background

Patients with head and neck cancer experience complex posttreatment challenges. In a preliminary uncontrolled study, we evaluated the extent to which they can benefit from an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients completed an 8‐week nutrition‐rehabilitation program. Six‐minute walk distance (6MWD), body weight, symptom burden, distress, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the end of the program.

Results

Patients improved their mean 6MWD by 59 m (effect size = 0.8), and 78% of patients either maintained or increased their body weight. They also reported a clinically meaningful reduction in severity of insomnia, pain, weakness, anorexia, shortness of breath, depression and distress, and improvement in quality of life (effect sizes = 0.6–0.9). However, they reported no change in symptom interference with function.

Conclusion

An interdisciplinary rehabilitation program may be beneficial to patients with head and neck cancer after treatment, but its effects should be evaluated in a controlled trial. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Monosubstituted 1‐Aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Arylboronic Acids and Prop‐2‐ynoic Acid (=Propiolic Acid) or Calcium Acetylide (=Calcium Carbide) as Acetylene Source
Authors: Yang Qing , Jiang Yubo , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of monosubstituted 1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles was achieved in a one‐pot reaction from arylboronic acids and prop‐2‐ynoic acid or calcium acetylide (=calcium carbide), respectively, as a source of acetylene, with yields ranging from moderate to excellent (Scheme 1, Table 2). The reaction conditions were successfully applied to arylboronic acids, including analogs with various functionalities. Unexpectedly, the 1,2,3‐triazole moiety promoted a regioselective hydrodebromination (Scheme 2).
Three New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum transsectum
Authors: Shen Yong , Ai Hong‐Lian , Cao Tuan‐Wu , Wang Jian‐Jun , Zi Shu‐Hui , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: March 2012

Three new C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids, named aconitramines A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from Aconitum transsectum. By UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS analyses, their structures were elucidated as 18‐methoxyvilmoraconitine, 18‐demethoxydolichotine A, and 18‐demethoxydolichotine B. Compound 1 is the second known C19‐diterpenoid alkaloid with a three‐membered ring formed by C(8), C(9), and C(10).
Synthesis of Some New 2‐Oxo‐N‐[(10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl)alkyl] Derivatives of Azetidine‐1‐carboxamides
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Samadhiya Pushkal , Srivastava S. D. , Srivastava S. K.
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of a new series of 4‐aryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐N‐[3‐(10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl)propyl]azetidine‐1‐carboxamides, 4a–4m, is described. Phenothiazine on reaction with Cl(CH2)3Br at room temperature gave 10‐(3‐chloropropyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (1), and the latter reacted with urea to yield 1‐[3‐(10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl)propyl]urea (2). Further reaction of 2 with several substituted aromatic aldehydes led to N‐(arylmethylidene)‐N′‐[3‐(phenothiazin‐10‐yl)propyl]ureas 3a–3m, which, on treatment with ClCH2COCl in the presence of Et3N, furnished the desired racemic trans‐2‐oxoazetidin‐1‐carboxamide derivatives 4a–4m. The structures of all new compounds were confirmed by IR, and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, FAB mass spectrometry, and chemical methods.
LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AUD/USD EXCHANGE RATE AND THE RESPECTIVE STOCK MARKET INDICES: A COMPUTATIONAL FINANCE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Imam Tasadduq , Tickle Kevin , Ahmed Abdullahi , Guo William
Published: March 2012

In the recent era, computational intelligence techniques have found an increased popularity in addressing varied financial issues, including foreign exchange rate prediction. This article, through an intelligent system research framework, relates the Australian dollar (AUD)/US dollar (USD) exchange rate to the Australian and the US stock market indices. Information for exchange rate, All Ordinaries Index (AOI) and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI) for the trading days over the period January 1991–May 2011 is considered in this research. Utilizing a set of statistical and computational intelligence techniques, the research establishes that the AUD/USD exchange rate is best estimated by a linear forecast model compared with the nonlinear and ensemble‐based intelligent system models. This research further highlights that, among the competing linear models, the model with both the stock market indices and historical exchange rate values as the predictors is the best forecaster. Parameters of the linear model are deduced through a Monte Carlo stochastic approach. Relative importance of the predictors is also studied, and the influence of historical exchange rates, the immediate impact of AOI and the lagged effect of DJI are noted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic and computational structural analysis of VP7 gene of group a human rotavirus G1P[8] strains obtained in Sapporo, Japan from 1987 to 2000
Authors: Nagaoka Yoshinobu , Tatsumi Masatoshi , Tsugawa Takeshi , Yoto Yuko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki
Published: March 2012

Many studies indicate that G1P[8] genotypes are the most prevalent rotavirus strains worldwide. Although two vaccines have been licensed and their value proven in many countries, continuous surveillance for genetic evolution of circulating rotavirus strains before and after the introduction of the vaccines is desirable. G and P typing were carried out on all field strains isolated during 1987–2000 in Sapporo, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis for the VP7 gene of rotavirus G1P[8] strains was performed. Amino acid substitutions were mapped on the predicted three‐dimensional VP7 protein image. G1P[8] genotype predominated. One hundred thirteen strains with G1P[8] genotype were analyzed. Phylogenetic studies of the VP7 gene classified these strains into three lineages. The mean estimated substitution rate was 7.25 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. One predominant lineage contained the mutant strains which had VP7 amino acid substitutions at residue 91 and 212 that is in the neutralization domains. They were estimated to locate in or near intersubunit boundary of VP7 trimer. It is suggested that the most prevalent G1P[8] lineage strains in Sapporo obtained some survival advantages by changing the neutralization domains of VP7. J. Med. Virol. 84:832–838, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus infections in Kilifi, coastal Kenya
Authors: Onyango Clayton O. , Welch Stephen R. , Munywoki Patrick K. , Agoti Charles N. , Bett Ann , Ngama Mwanajuma , Myers Richard , Cane Patricia A. , Nokes D.J.
Published: March 2012

This study reports pediatric surveillance over 3 years for human rhinovirus (HRV) at the District Hospital of Kilifi, coastal Kenya. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children presenting at outpatient clinic with no signs of acute respiratory infection, or with signs of upper respiratory tract infection, and from children admitted to the hospital with lower respiratory tract infection. Samples were screened by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) and classified further to species by nucleotide sequencing of the VP4/VP2 junction. Of 441 HRV positives by real‐time RT‐PCR, 332 were classified to species, with 47% (155) being HRV‐A, 5% (18) HRV‐B, and 48% (159) HRV‐C. There was no clear seasonal pattern of occurrence for any species. The species were present in similar proportions in the inpatient and outpatient sample sets, and no significant association between species distribution and the severity of lower respiratory tract infection in the inpatients could be determined. HRV sequence analysis revealed multiple but separate clusters in circulation particularly for HRV‐A and HRV‐C. Most HRV‐C clusters were distinct from reference sequences downloaded from GenBank. In contrast, most HRV‐A and HRV‐B sequences clustered with either known serotypes or strains from elsewhere within Africa and other regions of the world. This first molecular epidemiological study of HRV in the region defines species distribution in accord with reports from elsewhere in the world, shows considerable strain diversity and does not identify an association between any species and disease severity. J. Med. Virol. 84:823–831, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seroreactivity against Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) among first‐degree relatives of sporadic EBV‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Indonesia
Authors: Hutajulu Susanna Hilda , Ng Nawi , Jati Baning Rahayu , Fachiroh Jajah , Herdini Camelia , Hariwiyanto Bambang , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Middeldorp Jaap Michiel
Published: March 2012

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and family history are significant risk factors associated with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The presence of aberrant immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against specific EBV antigens in healthy individuals can be predictive of the disease. Very limited reports explored the EBV IgA antibody presence within families of sporadic cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to determine whether EBV IgA was observed more frequently among family members of sporadic cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared to community controls and evaluated the non‐viral factors as determinants of antibody level. First‐degree relatives of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (n = 520) and case‐matched community controls (n = 86) were recruited. Sera from all individuals were tested in standardized peptide‐based EBV IgA ELISA. Data on demographic variables and other exogenous factors were collected using a questionnaire through face‐to‐face interviews. A similar frequency of EBV IgA (cut‐off value/CoV 0.354) was observed in the first‐degree relatives of cases and in community controls (41.2% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.770). However, with a higher antibody level (OD450 = 1.000; about three times standard CoV), the relatives showed significantly higher frequency (36.9% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.011). When adjusted for all exogenous factors, the strongest factors associated with seropositivity are being a father (odds ratio/OR = 4.36; 95% confidence interval/CI = 1.56–12.21) or a sibling (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.06–3.38) of a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The higher level of EBV IgA seroreactivity in first‐degree relatives of sporadic cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared to the general population supports the use of EBV IgA ELISA for screening among family members. J. Med. Virol. 84:768–776, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Guangxi, China: Implications for interventions
Authors: Li Hong‐Min , Liang Guo‐Jun , Yin Yue‐Ping , Wang Qian‐Qiu , Zheng Zhi‐Ju , Zhou Ju‐Jiao , Jiang Ning , Tan Guang‐Jie , Wang Baoxi , Chen Xiang‐Sheng
Published: March 2012

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major public health concern in women, but information on HPV among female sex workers in China is limited. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among female sex workers in two cities in Guangxi, China. A total of 811 female sex workers were recruited from venues between July and September of 2009. Data on socio‐demographic and behavior characteristics were collected, and cervical swabs were collected to determine HPV infection and genotype distribution. The overall prevalence of infection with any HPV type was 38.9%. HPV type 52 was the most prevalent type with prevalence of 11%, followed by HPV types 16, 58, 53, and CP8304, with prevalences of 6.5%, 5.7%, 5.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. HPV 16 or 18 accounted for 23.2% of all HPV positive cases. Age group <20 years was significantly associated with infection of the high‐risk and multiple types of HPV infection. A higher prevalence of multiple HPV infection was observed among female sex workers from the outdoor venues (14.0%; 95%CI, 10.6%–17.3%). These findings have important implications for developing HPV prevention programs including HPV vaccination in female sex workers. J. Med. Virol. 84:798–803, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The temperature dependence of the bimolecular channels of the ClO + ClO reaction over the range T = 298–323 K
Authors: Ferracci Valerio , Rowley David M.
Published: March 2012

The bimolecular channels of the ClO self‐reaction, although negligible under stratospheric conditions, become significant above ambient temperature. The kinetics of two of the three bimolecular channels of the ClO self‐reaction, ClO + ClO → Cl2 + O2 (1b) and ClO + ClO → OClO + Cl (1d), were studied at T = 298–323 K and at ambient pressure (patm≈ 760 ± 10 Torr). Radicals were generated via laser photolysis and monitored using UV absorption spectroscopy. The inclusion of charge‐coupled device (CCD) detection allowed broadband monitoring of the radicals of interest along with the temporal resolution of their concentrations. Accurate and unequivocal quantification of the structured absorbers (ClO and OClO) was obtained via differential fitting procedures. The Arrhenius expressions obtained are k1b = 2.9−1.8+4.4 × 10−14exp[−(283 ± 282)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k1d = 7.2−6.1+39 × 10−15exp[−(225 ± 574)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, where the errors are 1σ. The temperature dependences obtained in this work for both channels monitored are considerably less pronounced than those reported by Nickolaisen et al. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 386–397, 2012
Astrocyte elevated gene‐1 interacts with β‐catenin and increases migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Fenfen , Yang Qingxu , Meng Fengjiao , Shi Huijuan , Li Hui , Liang Yingjie , Han Anjia
Published: March 2012

To investigate the astrocyte elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) expression and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and β‐catenin signaling pathway. Real‐time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect AEG‐1 expression in CRC cell lines, 8 pairs of fresh CRC and adjacent nontumor tissues (ANT), 120 pairs of paraffin‐embedded CRC specimens and ANT tissues, and 60 samples of lymph node metastatic CRC tissues. Scratch wound assay and transwell matrix penetration assay were performed to determine migration and invasion of SW480 cell lines with stable AEG‐1 overexpression or SW620 cell lines with AEG‐1 knockdown. AEG‐1 expression was upregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues compared with ANT. Furthermore, AEG‐1 expression level significantly correlated with UICC stage, and the N classification. AEG‐1 overexpression significantly enhanced migration and invasion of SW480 cell lines. However, AEG‐1 knockdown suppressed migration and invasion of SW620 cell lines. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between AEG‐1 high expression and β‐catenin nuclear expression in CRC. AEG‐1 overexpression increased nuclear β‐catenin accumulation in CRC cell lines. AEG‐1 knockdown decreased nuclear β‐catenin accumulation in CRC cell lines. Moreover, we firstly found that AEG‐1 interacted with β‐catenin in SW480 cell lines. Our results for the first time showed that AEG‐1 interacted with β‐catenin in CRC cells and AEG‐1 expression was closely associated with progression of CRC. AEG‐1 might be a potential therapeutic target in CRC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thumb reconstruction with a wrap‐around free flap in hand radiation injury
Authors: Lee Jung Il , Park Jung Ho , Park Jong Hoon , Kim Yong Jin , Park Jong Woong
Published: March 2012

We describe a patient with hand radiation injury that was caused by 192Ir radiation source exposure. The cutaneous symptoms that appear after local radiation exposure follow a certain time pattern consisting of the prodromal, manifestation, subacute, chronic, and late stages. Although the clinical characteristics of each stage are well known, limited cases of photographic demonstrations to the progressive local radiation reaction have been reported. We demonstrate characteristics of serial necrotic changes in the fingers after radiation exposure in photographs. Initially, blisters, mild erythema, and swelling were present in the exposed fingers. However, at 3 years postexposure, total necrosis, severe flexion deformity, and bony exposure were present in the exposed fingers. For restoration of hand function, we performed a transmetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and transphalangeal amputation of the second, third, and fourth fingers, respectively. After debridement of the necrotic thumb tissue, a wrap‐around free flap from the hallux was performed for thumb reconstruction. At 2 years postoperatively, the free flap survived well and graft bone union had occurred. The patient's hand function had improved such that he could grip a large object using the reconstructed thumb and the fifth finger. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
An 11‐channel radio frequency phased array coil for magnetic resonance guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound of the breast
Authors: Minalga E. , Payne A. , Merrill R. , Todd N. , Vijayakumar S. , Kholmovski E. , Parker D. L. , Hadley J. R.
Published: March 2012

In this study, a radio frequency phased array coil was built to image the breast in conjunction with a magnetic resonance guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) device designed specifically to treat the breast in a treatment cylinder with reduced water volume. The MRgHIFU breast coil was comprised of a 10‐channel phased array coil placed around an MRgHIFU treatment cylinder where nearest‐neighbor decoupling was achieved with capacitive decoupling in a shared leg. In addition a single loop coil was placed at the chest wall making a total of 11 channels. The radio frequency coil array design presented in this work was chosen based on ease of implementation, increased visualization into the treatment cylinder, image reconstruction speed, temporal resolution, and resulting signal‐to‐noise ratio profiles. This work presents a dedicated 11‐channel coil for imaging of the breast tissue in the MRgHIFU setup without obstruction of the ultrasound beam and, specifically, compares its performance in signal‐to‐noise, overall imaging time, and temperature measurement accuracy to that of the standard single chest‐loop coil typically used in breast MRgHIFU. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IgG anti‐Galnac‐GD1a antibodies bind to neuromuscular junctions of rat hemidiaphragm
Authors: Nagaoka Takumi , Hotta Sayako , Chiba Terumasa , Utsunomiya Iku , Abe Kenji , Yoshino Hiide , Koshikawa Chiaki , Taguchi Kyoji
Published: March 2012

Introduction: We investigated the localization of a ganglioside, N‐acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a (GalNAc‐GD1a), in peripheral nerves with an IgG anti–GalNAc‐GD1a antibody, which was produced in rabbits immunized with GalNAc‐GD1a. Methods: Teased fibers from ventral and dorsal roots and hemidiaphragm sections of rats were assessed using fluorescent double‐ and triple‐labeling methods. Results: The nodal and paranodal regions of teased fibers from ventral roots were immunostained with IgG anti–GalNAc‐GD1a antibodies. After collagenase treatment, no staining was seen with IgG anti–GalNAc‐GD1a or anti‐NF200 antibodies, whereas α‐bungarotoxin selectively stained nerve terminals. In cross‐sectional and longitudinal sections of rat hemidiaphragm, IgG anti–GalNAc‐GD1a antibodies overlapped with α‐BuTx and anti‐NF200 antibodies, indicating that GalNAc‐GD1a is localized to the nerve terminal. IgG anti–GalNAc‐GD1a antibody staining also overlapped with that of AChR clusters and syntaxin‐positive presynaptic nerve terminals. Conclusion: GalNAc‐GD1 is localized in both pre‐ and postsynaptic nerve terminals of neuromuscular junctions. Muscle Nerve 46: 705–710, 2012
Comment on the Analysis of Two Skeletons from Terqa, Syria
Authors: Sołtysiak Arkadiusz
Published: March 2012

Recently, a report on two human skeletons from an Early Bronze Age tomb excavated at Tell Ashara, Syria has been published in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. One individual was identified as a warrior following these criteria: (i) size and robustness of bones, (ii) cut marks on the humerus, (iii) reduction of the ulnar styloid process, both interpreted as healed weapon‐related trauma, (iv) well‐developed muscle insertions, and (v) degenerative joint disease. Actually, none of these five criteria support the conclusion because of the following reasons: (i) not necessarily all tall and robust men become warriors, (ii) the post mortem origin of cut marks on the humerus is more likely than sharp force trauma, (iii) there are several possible causes of the unusual ulnar styloid shape other than weapon‐related trauma, (iv) the interpretation of musculoskeletal stress markers and (v) degenerative joint disease lacked control for age, sex and body size. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teeth whitening, boot camp, and a brewery tour: a practical analysis of ‘deal of the day’
Authors: Boon Edward , Wiid Ria , DesAutels Philip
Published: March 2012

The deal of the day has become a familiar feature on the online marketing landscape. Most prominent in the crowded space of the discount of the day is the company Groupon. It uses the lens of social media to amplify the reach of its online sales promotions. This paper examines the deal of the day phenomenon by comparing it with more familiar promotional and online marketing approaches such as group buying, e‐couponing, and email marketing. It analyzes the content of 847 Groupon deals across 44 US cities in terms of characteristics, scope, and limitations and provides specific insight into the public policy issues that the phenomenon is giving rise to. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings prepared by the sol–gel process: corrosion and mechanical properties
Authors: Jena Kishore K , Rout Tapan K , Narayan Ramanuj , Raju Kothapalli V S N
Published: March 2012

(Hyperbranched polyurethane‐urea)/[(3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]‐ZnO (HBPUU‐APTES‐ZnO) hybrid coatings were synthesized using an inexpensive mixing technique by varying the APTES‐modified ZnO concentration. The mechanical and surface properties of the hybrid coating films were studied and compared with unmodified and modified ZnO. The corrosion, solvent and abrasion resistance show significant enhancement in HBPUU‐APTES‐ZnO hybrids and their properties are increased with increasing APTES‐ZnO concentration. This hybrid coating has opened up an opportunity for automotive topcoat application. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphology, thermal properties, hydrophobicity and O2/N2 gas separation performance of 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride‐based polyimide/titania hybrids
Authors: Lu Hsu‐Tung , Tsai Mei‐Hui , Tseng I‐Hsiang , Chen Chiou‐Juy , Huang Shih‐Liang
Published: March 2012

Two 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA)‐based polyimide (PI)/titania hybrid films with different morphologies were prepared through an in situ sol‐gel process. The precursor, poly(amic acid) (PAA), was synthesized using ODPA, diamine of 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP) or 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and a suitable amount of dimethylformamide solvent. A mixture of tetraethylorthotitanate (Ti(OEt)4) and acetylacetone with molar ratio of 1:4 was then added to the PAA solution and mixed thoroughly. Following curing, PI/titania hybrid membranes with different crosslinkages and Ti(OEt)4 contents were prepared. PI hybrids with the longer BAPP diamine present different morphologies and property changes related to the Ti(OEt)4 content from those of hybrids with the shorter ODA diamine. The morphologies of the two ODPA‐based PI/titania hybrids were studied with reference to the disruption of imide ring formation. Different crosslinked structures produced were identified using Fourier transform infrared analysis from the frequency shift of the CO band and relative absorbance intensities of bands of CO group and imide ring (N). Thermal properties, O2/N2 gas separation performance, contact angle, storage modulus, glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature of the PI hybrids were all found to be functions of the Ti(OEt)4 content, crosslinked structure and PI type. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti‐androgenic effects of S‐40542, a novel non‐steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Nejishima Hiroaki , Yamamoto Noriko , Suzuki Mika , Furuya Kazuyuki , Nagata Naoya , Yamada Shizuo
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) would provide alternative therapeutic agent for androgen‐related diseases. We identified a tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) derivative, 1‐(8‐nitro‐3a, 4, 5, 9b‐tetrahydro‐3H‐cyclopenta[c]quinolin‐4‐yl) ethane‐1, 2‐diol (S‐40542) as a novel SARM antagonist.

METHODS

Affinity for nuclear receptors of S‐40542 was evaluated in receptor‐binding studies. Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity of S‐40542 was investigated by luciferase reporter assay in DU145AR cells. Normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model rats were repeatedly treated with S‐40542 and flutamide. The tissue weights of prostate and levator ani muscle as well as blood levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone were measured.

RESULTS

S‐40542 bound to the AR with high affinity. S‐40542 at relatively high concentrations increased the transcriptional activity. This agent also showed a concentration‐dependent AR antagonistic action in the presence of 1 nM 5α‐dihydrotestosterone. Repeated treatment with S‐40542 and flutamide decreased dose‐dependently the weights of the prostate to a similar extent. In contrast, the tissue weight‐reducing effect by S‐40542 treatment on the levator ani muscle was much weaker than that of flutamide. S‐40542 had little effect on the blood level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, whereas flutamide increased the level of both hormones. Furthermore, S‐40542 decreased dose‐dependently prostate weight of BPH rats.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results indicate that S‐40542 possesses the prostate‐selective SARM activity, suggestive of clinical benefit against benign prostate hyperplasia. THQ compounds may be useful for the research of mode of action of SARMs and for the development of safe SARM antagonists. Prostate 72:1580–1587, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum sarcosine increases the accuracy of prostate cancer detection in patients with total serum PSA less than 4.0 ng/ml
Authors: Lucarelli Giuseppe , Fanelli Margherita , Larocca Angela Maria Vittoria , Germinario Cinzia Annatea , Rutigliano Monica , Vavallo Antonio , Selvaggi Francesco Paolo , Bettocchi Carlo , Battaglia Michele , Ditonno Pasquale
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND

Sarcosine is reported to be a differential metabolite that is greatly increased during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. In this study, we assessed the role of serum sarcosine as a biomarker for PCa, as well as any association between sarcosine levels and clinical–pathological parameters.

METHODS

Sarcosine was measured by fluorometric assay in serum samples from 290 PCa patients and 312 patients with no evidence of malignancy (NEM), confirmed by 8–12 core prostate biopsies. Nonparametric statistical tests and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of sarcosine in different (prostate‐specific antigen) PSA ranges.

RESULTS

ROC analyses in subjects with PSA < 4 ng/ml showed a higher predictive value of sarcosine (AUC = 0.668) versus total PSA (AUC = 0.535) (P = 0.03), whereas for the other two PSA ranges (4–10 ng/ml and >10 ng/ml), percent ratio of free to total PSA (%fPSA) showed a predictive superiority over sarcosine. Moreover, in patients with a PSA < 4 ng/ml, the percentage of low/intermediate‐grade cancers was positively associated with sarcosine levels (P = 0.005). The specificities for serum sarcosine, %fPSA, PSA, and the logistic regression model at 95% sensitivity were 24.4, 3.41, 2.22, and 28.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We provide evidence that serum sarcosine has a higher predictive value than tPSA and %fPSA in patients with PSA < 4 ng/ml. Moreover, sarcosine levels were significantly different in low grade versus high grade cancers in this subset of patients, suggesting that this marker may be a further tool not only for diagnosing PCa in normal PSA and abnormal DRE/TRUS patients but also for selecting candidates for non‐aggressive therapies and active surveillance. Prostate 72:1611–1621, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of diabetes before, during and after pregnancy
Authors: Chakraborti Indrani
Published: March 2012

Our series Prescribing in pregnancy provides guidance on what information to offer pregnant women about the risks and benefits of drug treatment. Here the author outlines the management of diabetes in pregnancy. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
Deep vein thrombosis: diagnosis, prevention and treatment
Authors: Bagot Catherine , Tait Campbell
Published: March 2012

Deep vein thrombosis can lead to significant morbidity and has well‐recognised risk factors. The authors describe the signs and symptoms and current recommended approaches to diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
Self‐assembly of short peptides composed of only aliphatic amino acids and a combination of aromatic and aliphatic amino acids
Authors: Subbalakshmi Chilukuri , Manorama Sunkara V. , Nagaraj Ramakrishnan
Published: March 2012

The morphology of structures formed by the self‐assembly of short N‐terminal t‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) and C‐terminal methyl ester (OMe) protected and Boc‐deprotected hydrophobic peptide esters was investigated. We have observed that Boc‐protected peptide esters composed of either only aliphatic hydrophobic amino acids or aliphatic hydrophobic amino acids in combination with aromatic amino acids, formed highly organized structures, when dried from methanol solutions. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic images of the peptides Boc‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe, Boc‐Phe‐Phe‐Phe‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe and Boc‐Trp‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe showed nanotubular structures. Removal of the Boc group resulted in disruption of the ability to form tubular structures though spherical aggregates were formed. Both Boc‐Leu‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe and H‐Leu‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe formed only spherical nanostructures. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that aggregates of varying dimensions were present in solution suggesting that self‐assembly into ordered structures is facilitated by aggregation in solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy data show that although all four of the protected peptides adopt well‐defined tertiary structures, upon removal of the Boc group, only H‐Phe‐Phe‐Phe‐Ile‐Ile‐OMe had the ability to adopt β‐structure. Our results indicate that hydrophobic interaction is a very important determinant for self‐assembly and presence of charged and aromatic amino acids in a peptide is not necessary for self‐assembly. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes by Dietary Doses of Thymoquinone in Female New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Elbarbry Fawzy , Ragheb Ahmed , Marfleet Travis , Shoker Ahmed
Published: March 2012

Herbal medicines can affect drug metabolizing enzymes. Therefore the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), the active ingredient of black seeds, was examined on rabbit liver drug metabolizing enzymes. Two groups of New Zealand female rabbits received TQ at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day orally and a control group of six animals each were killed after 8 weeks. Blood and livers were harvested and the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and phase II enzymes in the microsomal and cytosolic preparations were measured by HPLC and ELISA methods. The liver enzymes ALT/AST and albumin were similar in the three groups. CYP1A2, CYP3A4, but not CYP2E1, were significantly diminished by TQ treatment. Of the phase II enzymes, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly induced by the high TQ dose, while the total glutathione levels were unaffected. Glutathione reductase (GR), on the other hand, was significantly induced in the two experimental groups. Thymoquinone has differential effects on CYP and phase II enzymes. Inhibition of some CYP enzyme activities may lead to a hazardous herb–drug interaction. Induction of GR activity may explain the salutatory effect of the black seeds in inhibiting the generation of bioactive metabolites known to promote carcinogenesis and oxidative cell damage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Modeling Framework for Maintenance Optimization of Electrical Components Based on Fuzzy Logic and Effective Age
Authors: Baraldi P. , Balestrero A. , Compare M. , Benetrix L. , Despujols A. , Zio E.
Published: March 2012

In this article, the problem of building a model in support of maintenance optimization when the only available information is that elicited from one expert is tackled. In particular, the degradation process affecting the component is modeled by resorting to the concept of effective age. Information is elicited from one expert by following a systematic literature approach, and the theoretical framework of fuzzy logic is used to deal with his or her qualitative statements. A hybrid approach based on Monte Carlo method and fuzzy logic is then applied to evaluate the performance of a given maintenance policy. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to a real case study dealing with a medium‐voltage test network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Six Sigma Project Effectiveness using Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Ray Sanjit , Das Prasun , Bhattacharyay B. K. , Antony Jiju
Published: March 2012

Six Sigma methodology for process improvement is being used by industries to improve customer satisfaction, business results or both. The success of Six Sigma implementation can be measured by evaluating the effectiveness of the completed projects. The other objective of project effectiveness measurement scheme is to keep the team focused and motivated. A good measurement system should be able to measure and compare projects of various types and need, including benefits from the projects. The project effectiveness measurement scheme should include success factors like project selection, involvement of management, results achieved, conduct of the project and monitoring and review of the project. A Six Sigma project effectiveness evaluation system is generally based on the perception of people that can result in unreliable measurement. To overcome this deficiency, we used a fuzzy approach based on linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers for measuring the project effectiveness in this study by using the perception of management. Two methods for measuring effectiveness of selected sample projects are suggested. The outcome from this research would be helpful for the practicing industries to use this methodology for an unbiased evaluation of completed projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A General Proportional Model and Modelling Procedure
Authors: Jiang Renyan
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a unified representation for the Cox model and its extensions (e.g. proportional intensity model, proportional wear‐out model and accelerated life testing model) and calls it the general proportional model. A multi‐step procedure is proposed to sequentially determine the three parts of the model (i.e. baseline, covariate and stochastic parts). The basic idea of the proposed approach is to use an optimization method to estimate the ‘accelerated factor’ associated with each ‘stress’ (i.e. covariate) level. The estimated accelerated factors are fitted to an adequate model as a function of the stress level. The fitted accelerated factor model is used to transform the observed sample into an equivalent (or mixed) sample, which corresponds to a specified reference stress level. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it makes the modelling process flexible and transparent, avoids making possibly unrealistic assumptions on the forms (or distribution family) of relevant functions (or random variable) and fully utilizes all the observations for modelling. The appropriateness and usefulness of the model and modelling approach are illustrated through a detailed analysis for two real‐world examples published in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles studies on the impact of proton disorder on physical properties of ice
Authors: Wang Shaoqing
Published: March 2012

The random occupancy of hydrogen atoms or proton disorder is the most unique feature of ice crystal. Taking the cubic Ic ice as an example, we study the impact of proton disorder on various physical properties by first‐principles calculation in density‐functional theory for the first time. Our results show that the dielectric polarization enhances the cohesion of H2O molecules, thus increases the bulk modulus of Ic ice. The shear elastic constants are more sensitive to dielectric polarization than the elastic constant of normal strain. Ic ice is a semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of 5.54 eV. The disorder of electric dipole moments raises the valence bands and decreases the energy bandgap. The average dielectric constant is less affected by the disorder. The present conclusions also keep valid for the more common hexagonal Ih ice based on its similar local structure with Ic ice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved two‐stage tests for stratified phase II cancer clinical trials
Authors: Chang Myron N. , Shuster Jonathan J. , Hou Wei
Published: March 2012

In a single‐arm, two‐stage, phase II cancer clinical trial for efficacy screening of cytotoxic agents, a common primary endpoint is a binary (yes/no) patient response to treatment. Usually, fixed decision boundaries are used in binomial tests to determine whether the study treatment is promising enough to be studied in a large‐scale, randomized phase III trial. We may know in advance that the patient response distribution for a phase II clinical trial will be heterogeneous, making it advisable to stratify patients into subgroups, each with a different prognosis. In this case, fixed decision boundaries may be inappropriate. In this article, we propose two‐stage tests based on the Neyman–Pearson lemma. The proposed test statistic is a linear combination of the observed number of responders in each stratum. The test allows adjustment of the decision boundaries to the observed numbers of patients in each stratum and permits sample sizes to be increased adaptively after the originally planned number of patients is observed at each of the two stages. Our numerical results show that the proposed test is more powerful than an existing test in many cases. Finally, we present an application to a Children's Oncology Group phase II clinical trial in patients who relapsed after initial treatment for neuroblastoma. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Lipid Tubules with Embedded Quantum Dots by Membrane Tubulation Protein
Authors: Tanaka Masayoshi , Critchley Kevin , Matsunaga Tadashi , Evans Stephen D. , Staniland Sarah S.
Published: March 2012

The first one‐dimensional (1D) assembly of low‐toxicity CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in lipid nanotubules, formed from liposomes using the Amphiphysin‐BAR (Bin‐Amphiphysin‐Rvs domain of human amphiphysin) protein to elongate the structure, is reported. The QD‐containing lipid nanotubules display a high aspect ratio of ≈500:1 (≈40 nm diameter and 20 μm length) and are stable for more than 20 h. Furthermore, this methodology is extended to the assembly of various nanoparticle species within 1D lipid nanotubules, and includes materials such as CdSe and Au. Encapsulation within the hydrophobic core of the bilayer makes these materials highly biocompatible. The developed methodology and materials with these unique characteristics could be useful for various applications in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine.
State‐of‐the‐Knowledge on Coating Systems for Hot Stamped Parts
Authors: Fan Dong Wei , De Cooman Bruno C.
Published: March 2012

In the present contribution, recent developments of coatings for hot stamped steels are reviewed. The use of bare steel in the initial hot stamping technology is discussed, including the application of lubricant oils which are used as oxidation inhibitors on bare steel surfaces. The aluminized coatings are introduced, focusing on the microstructure evolution of aluminized coatings during the hot stamping process. An analysis of the cracking of the coating, caused by the formation of brittle Fe–Al intermetallic phases and their high temperature deformation, is presented. The development of a ductile aluminide coating formed during the diffusion treatment of an aluminized coating is discussed. This aluminide coating can endure both high temperature oxidation and severe plastic deformation. The recently developed galvanized and galvannealed coatings are also reviewed and the influence of the gas atmosphere during the heating cycle on the coating stability is emphasized. The solutions which have been proposed to avoid liquid Zn‐induced embrittlement are analyzed. The use of Zn–Ni alloy coating, which is characterized by a higher melting temperature, is reviewed. The behavior of sol–gel hybrid coatings on hot stamped steels is discussed. The possible use of the recently developed Al–Zn alloy coatings, dual layer Zn–Al and Zn–Al–Mg coatings is also introduced. The application of Zn–Al–Mg post‐process galvanizing is also discussed. In each case, all available information related to the weldability, paintability, and corrosion resistance of the coating systems is also reported. Finally, the advantages and technical challenges associated with each type of coating are reviewed.
Mechanical Properties of (20–30)Mn12Cr(0.56–0.7)CN Corrosion Resistant Austenitic TWIP Steels
Authors: Mújica Roncery Lais , Weber Sebastian , Theisen Werner
Published: March 2012

New developed (20–30)Mn12Cr(0.56–0.7)CN TWIP steels developed from thermodynamic calculations exhibit great mechanical properties, such as high strength (1800 MPa UTS), deformability (80–100% elongation), toughness (300 J ISO‐V), and impact wear resistance equivalent to that of Hadfield steel. In addition, they exhibit corrosion resistance by passivation in aqueous acidic media. Microstructure examination by SEM and EBSD at different degrees of deformation reveals that twinning takes place and is responsible for the high cold‐work hardening of the steels. Stacking fault energy measurement of three different developed steels locates them in the range of 30–40 mJ m−2, being highly dependent on the N and Mn contents. Measurements carried out with digital image correlation indicate that at room temperature dynamic strain aging or Portevin–LeChatelier effect takes place. Measurements of impact toughness indicate that the steels have ductile to brittle transition at cryogenic temperatures as a consequence of the effect of nitrogen on the deformation mechanisms, resulting in a quasi‐cleavage fracture along the {111} planes at −196°C.
Breakthrough of traditional shear wall structure system—short‐leg wall structure system
Authors: Kui Dai
Published: March 2012

Traditional shear wall structure has small space, is not flexible, causes waste of material and has bad economic efficiency. Through complete transformation of traditional shear wall, a new structure system has been created. The research and application of short‐leg shear wall structure calculation theory are based on the national codes, from which the short‐leg shear wall design principles are established. Traditional shear wall structure is discussed because of the world's first short‐leg shear wall structure design formation and development research. According to short‐leg shear wall force characteristics, horizontal displacement is divided into destructive storey drift and harmless storey drift; the formula for calculating the destructive storey drift is obtained, using destructive storey drift angle parameters and the change of main section height to control the deformation, to control structural rigidity and to ensure that the structural design attains excellence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.