bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir on the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae following COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Ting‐Hui , Wu Jheng‐Yan , Huang Po‐Yu , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Lai Chih‐Cheng
Published: July 2023

The retrospective cohort was conducted to assess the effect of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir (NMV‐r) on the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequela following COVID‐19. TriNetX research network was used to identify nonhospitalized adult patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or were diagnosed with COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2022. Further propensity score matching method was used to create two matched cohorts with and without receiving NMV‐r. The primary outcome was the incidence of neuropsychiatric sequela within a 90‐day to 1‐year period following a diagnosis of COVID‐19. After screening 119 494 527 electronic health records, two matched cohorts of each 27 194 patients were identified. During the follow‐up period, the NMV‐r group demonstrated a reduced risk of any neuropsychiatric sequelae compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.604−0.667). In comparison with the control group, the patient treated with NMV‐r exhibited a markedly diminished risk of developing neurocognitive sequela (OR, 0.377; 95% CI, 0.325−0.439) and psychiatric sequela (OR, 0.629; 95% CI, 0.593−0.666). In addition, patients treated with NMV‐r had a significantly reduced risk of developing dementia (OR, 0.365; 95% CI, 0.255−0.522), depression (OR, 0.555; 95% CI, 0.503−0.612), insomnia (OR, 0.582; 95% CI, 0.508−0.668) and anxiety disorder (OR, 0.645 95% CI, 0.600−0.692). Moreover, the beneficial effect of NMV‐r on the neuropsychiatric sequelae was observed across further subgroup analyses. Among nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients, who at risk of disease progression, the use of NMV‐r is associated with a reduction in the long‐term risk of neuropsychiatric sequela, including dementia, depression, insomnia and anxiety disorder. It may be necessary to re‐evaluate the use of NMV‐r, as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of severe acute disease and post‐acute adverse mental health outcomes.
A genetic‐algorithm‐based synthesis of microwave integrated distributed amplifiers
Authors: Metel Aleksandr , Dobush Igor , Kalentyev Alexey , Salnikov Andrei , Goryainov Aleksandr , Popov Artem
Published: July 2023

This article presents a genetic algorithm‐based technique for microwave integrated distributed amplifier synthesis. To speed‐up synthesis, only linear characteristics are used in the goal function. The technique uses MMIC foundry process design kit models providing manufacturing‐ready schematics to be found. The models from the process design kit are presented as S‐parameters again to enhance algorithm performance. The technique allows searching among most of the existing schematics of the microwave distributed amplifier but is not limited to typical topologies. The section number is theoretically unlimited and makes it possible to find principally new circuit topology. The synthesis shortens and simplifies the distributed amplifier design time. Experimental validation of the technique is carried out by synthesizing the broadband driver stage for the 20–30 GHz buffer amplifier. The technique produces several amplifier topologies meeting the requirements. The most appropriate circuit was manufactured using a commercial 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The manufactured buffer amplifier demonstrates a gain of 10 dB and 20 dBm output power at a 1 dB compression point.
Analysis of risk factors for early crestal bone loss in osseointegrated, submerged implants prior to restoration
Authors: Shah Bansari , Dukka Himabindu , Alhachache Sara , Hill Margaret , Cheng GuoLiang , Sekula Michael
Published: July 2023

Background

Evidence on the etiology behind bone loss around submerged, prosthetically nonloaded implants is still limited. The long‐term stability and success of implants with early crestal bone loss (ECBL), especially when placed as two‐stage implants, is uncertain. Hence, the aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the potential patient‐level, tooth‐ and implant‐related factors for ECBL around osseointegrated, submerged implants, before restoration as compared with healthy implants with no bone loss.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from patient electronic health records between 2015 and 2022. Control sites included healthy implants with no bone loss and test sites included implants with ECBL, both of which were submerged. Patient, tooth and implant level data were collected. ECBL was assessed using periapical radiographs obtained during implant placement and second‐stage surgeries. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to account for multiple implants within patients.

Results

The total number of implants included in the study was 200 from 120 patients. Lack of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was shown to have nearly five‐times higher risk of developing ECBL and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures before implant placement had a protective effect with an odds ratio of 0.29 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Lack of SPT was significantly associated with ECBL, while sites that received GBR procedures prior to implant placement were less likely to exhibit ECBL. Our results underscore the importance of periodontal treatment and SPT for peri‐implant health, even when the implants are submerged and unrestored.
The effect of smoking on clinical and biochemical early healing outcomes of coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Taş Duygu , Kurgan Şivge , Güney Zeliha , Serdar Muhittin A. , Tatakis Dimitris N.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aimed to determine the effects of smoking on early (≤3 months) clinical outcomes and relevant molecular biomarkers following root coverage surgery.

Methods

Eighteen smokers and 18 nonsmokers, status biochemically verified, with RT1 gingival recession defects were recruited and completed study procedures. All patients received coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft. Baseline and 3 month recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), keratinized tissue width (KTW), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival phenotype (GP) were recorded. Root coverage (RC) percentage and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Recipient (gingival crevicular fluid) and donor (wound fluid) site VEGF‐A, HIF‐1α, 8‐OHdG, and ANG levels were determined.

Results

There were no significant intergroup differences for any baseline or postoperative clinical parameters (P > 0.05), except for whole mouth gingival index (increased in nonsmokers at 3 months; P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, RD, RW, CAL, KTW, and GP significantly improved postoperatively, without significant intergroup differences. There were no significant intergroup differences for RC (smokers = 83%, nonsmokers = 91%, P = 0.069), CRC (smokers = 50%, nonsmokers = 72%, P = 0.177), and CAL gain (P = 0.193). The four biomarker levels significantly increased postoperatively (day 7; P ≤ 0.042) in both groups and returned to baseline (day 28) without significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05). Similarly, donor site parameters were not different between groups. Strong correlations, consistent over time, were found between biomarkers implicated in angiogenesis (VEGF‐A, HIF‐1α, and ANG).

Conclusions

The early (3 month) clinical and molecular changes after root coverage surgery utilizing a coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft are similar between smokers and nonsmokers.
Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of volatile components in Chinese honey of six botanical origins using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Dongshuang , Wen Haosong , Zhou Yaxuan , Wang Taohong , Jia Guangqun , Cui Zongyan , Li Adan
Published: July 2023

Background

Honey aroma is one of its most important properties and it depends on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds. The volatile profile of honey could reveal its botanical origin to avoid a false characterization. Thus, it is of great significance to honey authentication. This study developed and validated a headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analyses of 34 volatile components in honey. The developed method was applied to 86 honey samples from six different botanical origins, including linden honey, rape honey, jujube honey, vitex honey, lavender honey and acacia honey.

Results

The volatile fingerprints and quantitative results were simultaneously obtained by using the full scan and selected ion monitoring (SCAN+SIM) MS scanning mode. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of 34 volatile compounds were in the ranges of 1–10 ng/g and 0.3–3 ng/g, respectively. And the spiked recoveries ranged between 70.6% and 126.2%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) not higher than 45.4%. A total of 98 volatile compounds were found with relative contents determined, and the 34 volatile compounds were determined with absolute concentrations. Based on the volatile fingerprints and the contents of volatile compounds, honey samples from six botanical origins were well classified by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least‐squares discrimination analysis.

Conclusions

The HS‐SPME‐GC–MS method was successfully applied to achieve the volatile fingerprints of six types of honey and to quantitatively analyze 34 volatile compounds with satisfying sensitivity and accuracy. Chemometrics analysis showed significant correlations between honey types and volatiles. These results reveal the characteristics of volatile compounds in six types of unifloral honey and provide some supports for honey authentication. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on peelability and quality of crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Shen LingWei , Qiu WenXing , Du Liu , Zhou Mingzhu , Qiao Yu , Wang Chao , Wang Lan
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Peeling of crayfish is a very important process in production. Crayfish peeling by machine can increase production efficiency and enhance safety in the production process. The tight muscle–shell attachment causes difficulty in peeling freshly caught crayfish. However, few studies have explored the changes in crayfish quality under favorable shell‐loosening treatments.

RESULTS

In this study, the shell‐loosening properties of crayfish and changes in crayfish quality, microstructure and protein fluorescent features were investigated after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment. New methods were established to measure the peeling performance of crayfish, which are peelability and meat yield rate (MYR). The normalization of peelability and MYR were verified by different weights of crayfish tails and different treatments. The peeling effect of HHP‐treated crayfish was evaluated by a new quantitative measurement method, and MYR was calculated. The results showed that all the HHP treatments reduced crayfish peeling work and increased MYR. The HHP treatment provided better crayfish quality in terms of texture and color and enlarged the shell‐loosening gap. Among all HHP treatments, 200 MPa treatment exhibited lower peeling work, higher MYR and an expansion of the shell‐loosening gap, reaching up to 573.8 μm. At the same time, 200 MPa treatment could maintain crayfish quality.

CONCLUSION

The findings outlined above suggest that high pressure is a promising method for loosening crayfish shells. 200 MPa is an optimal HHP treatment condition for crayfish peeling, exhibiting a promising application in industrial processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surgical treatment of stage IV gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: Experience and outcomes in the United States
Authors: Kerekes Daniel , Frey Alexander , Bakkila Baylee , Kunstman John W. , Khan Sajid A.
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Surgery for metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP‐NEC) has not been well‐studied. This retrospective cohort study describes patients in the United States with stage IV GEP‐NEC and their survival outcomes segregated by surgery.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with stage IV GEP‐NEC from 2004 to 2017 in the National Cancer Database were categorized into three groups: no surgery, primary site or metastatic site (“single‐site”) surgery, and primary site and metastatic site (“multisite”) surgery. Factors associated with surgical treatment were identified, and risk‐adjusted overall survival of each group was compared.

Results

Of 4171 patients included, 958 (23.0%) underwent single‐site surgery and 374 (9.0%) underwent multisite surgery. The strongest predictor of surgery was primary tumor type. Compared with no surgery, the risk‐adjusted mortality reduction associated with single‐site surgery ranged from 63% for small bowel (HR = 0.37, 0.23–0.58, p < 0.001) NEC to 30% for colon and appendix NEC (HR = 0.70, 0.61–0.80, p < 0.001), while the mortality reduction associated with multisite surgery ranged from 77% for pancreas NEC (HR = 0.23, 0.17–0.33, p < 0.001) to 48% for colon and appendix NEC (HR = 0.52, 0.44–0.63, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We observed an association between extent of surgical intervention and overall survival for patients with stage IV GEP‐NEC. Surgical resection should be further investigated as a treatment option for highly‐selected patients with this aggressive disease.
Posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with long duration: Heavy or light cupula?
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hee , Shin Jung Eun , Kim Hansol , Park Joon Yong
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the characteristics of positional nystagmus in posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients with longer durations, and to discuss the possible underlying mechanism of this nystagmus.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review, and enrolled 118 consecutive patients with unilateral PSCC BPPV. The duration of nystagmus during a Dix‐Hallpike test was classified into short (<1 min) and long (≥1 min) durations. For the identification of a neutral point in PSCC BPPV patients with long durations, the patient's head was turned 45° to the lesioned side to set the affected PSCC on the sagittal plane, and the disappearance of positional nystagmus was investigated in a pitch plane.

Results

Among 118 patients with PSCC BPPV, positional nystagmus during a Dix‐Hallpike test showed short durations (<1 min) in 112 patients and long durations (≥1 min) in 6 patients. Of 6 PSCC BPPV patients with a long duration, a neutral point was identified in 5 patients whose nystagmus lasted for longer than 2 min; interestingly, a neutral point was observed when the patient's head was slightly tilted backward in all 5 patients.

Conclusion

Considering that a neutral position was identified when the patient's head was slightly tilted backward while keeping the head turned 45° to the right or left, we assume that the light cupula condition of the ipsilateral PSCC or the contralateral anterior semicircular canal, and not PSCC BPPV cupulolithiasis, could be responsible for the occurrence of persistent torsional‐upbeating nystagmus in a Dix‐Hallpike test.

Level of Evidence

4
Deconvolving mechanisms of particle flux attenuation using nitrogen isotope analyses of amino acids
Authors: Wojtal Paul K. , Doherty Shannon C. , Shea Connor H. , Popp Brian N. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Buesseler Ken O. , Estapa Margaret L. , Roca‐Martí Montserrat , Close Hilary G.
Published: July 2023

Particulate organic matter settling out of the euphotic zone is a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and serves as a primary food source to mesopelagic food webs. Degradation of this organic matter encompasses a suite of mechanisms that attenuate flux, including heterotrophic metabolic processes of microbes and metazoans. The relative contributions of microbial and metazoan heterotrophy to flux attenuation, however, have been difficult to determine. We present results of compound specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids of sinking particles from sediment traps and size‐fractionated particles from in situ filtration between the surface and 500 m at Ocean Station Papa, collected during NASA EXPORTS (EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing). With increasing depth, we observe: (1) that, based on the δ15N values of threonine, fecal pellets dominate the sinking particle flux and that attenuation of downward particle flux occurs largely via disaggregation in the upper mesopelagic; (2) an increasing trophic position of particles in the upper water column, reflecting increasing heterotrophic contributions to the nitrogen pool and the loss of particles via remineralization; and (3) increasing δ15N values of source amino acids in submicron and small (1–6 μm) particles, reflecting microbial particle solubilization. We further employ a Bayesian mixing model to estimate the relative proportions of fecal pellets, phytodetritus, and microbially degraded material in particles and compare these results and our interpretations of flux attenuation mechanisms to other, independent methods used during EXPORTS.
Effect of marine sediment on the phase partitioning and isotopic content of riverine DOC
Authors: Hauksson Niels , Lewis Christian B. , Komada Tomoko , Druffel Ellen R. M.
Published: July 2023

Rivers discharge significant quantities of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the ocean, yet biomarker and isotope studies suggest that terrigenous DOC makes up only a small amount DOC in the ocean. One of the removal pathways proposed for riverine DOC is sorption to marine sediments. This process is chemically selective, but whether sorption alters the isotopic composition of riverine DOC is unknown. Because there is isotopic variability across different organic compound classes, sorptive removal of DOC could also alter the isotopic composition of DOC. As a first step in addressing this question, we examined phase partitioning and isotopic composition of a riverine DOC standard in the presence of marine sediment particles. In a series of controlled experiments, the standard was mixed with marine sediment in 35‰ NaCl solution, then separated into particulate and dissolved phases for analyses of mass, δ13C, and ∆14C of organic carbon (OC). Across a range of sediment OC to DOC mass ratios (from < 0.1 to ~ 3), we found that: (1) sediment sorbed 0.8 μg OC per mg of sediment; and (2) DOC compounds with higher ∆14C and lower δ13C values relative to the bulk DOC was preferentially removed from solution. In effect, mixing a riverine DOC standard with marine sediment resulted in increased ∆14C and decreased δ13C of the DOC that remained in solution. These results show that sorption of DOC to sediment can alter the isotopic content of riverine DOC.
Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection
Authors: Nathan Neera R. , Lopes Almeida Gomes Lais , Wang‐Evers Michael , Patel Payal M. , Doyle Abigail , Manstein Dieter
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Lip filler injections are one of the most popular procedures in esthetic dermatology. In this study, we used three‐dimensional colorimetric photography to assess lip color and optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A), a noninvasive alternative to histopathology, to evaluate microcirculation after hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. The pain of the injection procedure was also assessed.

Methods

An average of 0.85cc of the total volume of HA with lidocaine was injected into the upper and lower lip of eighteen young (<30yo) and nine postmenopausal healthy women. OCT‐A, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional images were acquired immediately before (visit 1) and 15 days after injection (visit 2). Custom‐made software was used to analyze the imaging data to detect vessel morphology and redness changes. The Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale (0–10) was used to score the subject procedural pain.

Results

For young and old subjects, three‐dimensional lip volume was greater than the injected volume. OCT‐A images of the lips showed higher vessel density and thickness, reaching statistical significance in the younger cohort. The overall trend of increased redness assessed by three‐dimensional colorimetric imaging and increased vascularity evaluated by OCT‐A imaging were similar. However, the correlation was not statistically significant for standard two‐dimensional digital photography. The average pain score after the first needle insertion and overall procedure were 2.9 and 3.5, respectively.

Conclusions

The results suggest an increased microvasculature network observed in OCT‐A images in young females. The increased blood vessel density and thickness observed by OCT‐A after HA lip filler injection is associated with increased lip redness and volume as assessed by colorimetric three‐dimensional photography; however, more research is needed to confirm these findings. This study presents OCT‐A as a novel noninvasive tool to investigate changes in lip microvascularity after HA filler injection and indicates that HA filler procedures may affect lip vascularity.
Chemically Recyclable Biobased Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Networks from CO2‐Derived Six‐membered Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Liu Jie , Miao Pengcheng , Leng Xuefei , Che Jian , Wei Zhiyong , Li Yang
Published: July 2023

Non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are widely studied as sustainability potential, because they can be prepared without using toxic isocyanates in the synthesis process. The aminolysis of cyclic carbonate to form NIPUs is a promising route. In this work, a series of NIPUs is prepared from renewable bis(6‐membered cyclic carbonates) (iEbcc) and amines. The resulting NIPUs possess excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The NIPUs can be remolded via transcarbamoylation reactions, and iEbcc‐TAEA‐10 (the molar ratio of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine in amines is 10%) still get a recovery ratio of 90% in tensile stress after three cycles of remolding. In addition, the obtained materials can be chemically degraded into bi(1,3‐diol) precursors with high purity (>99%) and yield (>90%) through alcoholysis. Meanwhile, the degraded products can be used to regenerate NIPUs with similar structures and properties as the original samples. The synthetic strategy, isocyanate‐free and employing isoeugenol and carbon dioxide (CO2) as building blocks, makes this approach an attractive pathway to NIPU networks taking a step toward a circular economy.
A study on micro‐mechanical deformation behaviour of heat‐treated 20MnMoNi55 steel
Authors: Basu P. , Acharyya S. K. , Sahoo P.
Published: July 2023

Several heat treatment procedures are designed considering critical temperatures of phase transformation evaluated through dilatometric testing of 20MnMoNi55 steel to transform low carbon bainitic as‐received material into ferrite‐martensite dual‐phase steels consisting of varied martensite fractions. A thorough metallographic study correlated with the micro‐hardness of constituent phases ensures morphological characteristics along with its fractional variations in as‐received and dual‐phase steels. The impact of fractional variation in constituent phases on the uniaxial monotonic deformation characteristics of dual‐phase steels has been observed with a correlation study between experimental tensile and finite element simulated results. Therefore, a physical‐based model with a 2‐dimensional representative volume element has been established, addressing actual morphological characteristics obtained from metallographic studies. Moreover, the constitutive flow behaviours of ferrite and martensite are also derived from the dislocation‐based hardening model to address the actual deformation phenomenon. Finally, an inhomogeneous deformation behaviour among constituent phases and localization of plastic strain in ferrite matrix has been observed with von‐Mises stress, and equivalent plastic strain distribution through finite element simulated results. This phenomenon is again confirmed with kernel average misorientation mapping and geometrically necessary dislocation density evaluation through electron backscattered diffraction of tensile samples subjected to different degrees of plastic strain.
Study on periodic immersion and infrared aging corrosion behavior of bridge weathering steel Q420qNH welded joint and plate in NaHSO3 solution
Authors: Liu X. , Guo T. , Wu W. , Yang H. , Zhang L. , Nan X. , Hu Y.
Published: July 2023

The periodic immersion corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of Q420qNH steel weld, heat‐affected zone and plate sample in simulated industrial atmospheric medium were studied. The corrosion type of the three samples is the non‐uniform total corrosion, and the corrosion products at different stages are different. Ferric oxide and lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH) are generated in the immersion stage and the initial stage of infrared drying, respectively. However, lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH), ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) and goethite (α‐FeOOH) generated in the later stage of infrared drying. The infrared drying process is conducive to the formation of goethite (α‐FeOOH). The corrosion rate of weld is always lower than that of plate, and the Iα‐FeOOH/Iγ‐FeOOH ratio of the weld is always higher than that of plate and heat‐affected zone sample. In the later stage of corrosion, the self‐corrosion current density of the three samples from small to large is weld, heat‐affected zone and plate, and self‐corrosion potential from large to small is weld, heat‐affected zone and plate. The resistance of the rust layer of the weld and heat‐affected zone sample is 1.81 times, 1.29 times of that of the plate, respectively. This is because the weld is composed of a large number of small angular grain boundary structures dominated by tiny acicular ferrite in the original austenite grain, which is conducive to the improvement of corrosion resistance. In addition, the higher chromium/carbon (Cr/C), copper and nickel elements of the weld can promote the conversion from lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH) to goethite (α‐FeOOH), and improve the density and stability of weld rust layer.
An autonomous and nonautonomous predator–prey model with fear, refuge, and nonlinear harvesting: Backward, Bogdanov–Takens, transcritical bifurcations, and optimal control
Authors: Mondal Bapin , Sarkar Susmita , Ghosh Uttam
Published: July 2023

In recent research, fear, refuge, and harvesting have been highlighted, but their combined impact must also be explored. We investigate the combined effects of these three ecologically important factors in the context of a prey–predator system using Holling type II as an interaction term. By using the parametric conditions, we can determine the existence of biologically feasible equilibria with their local and global stability. We investigate transcritical, Saddle‐node, Hopf, backward, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations about different equilibria theoretically and numerically. We observe that the system is stable for lower and higher values of catchability effect and harvesting parameters. And the system shows stable behavior for a high value of fear and refuge parameters. Our model is extended by considering fear, refuge, and harvesting as time‐dependent parameters. Nonautonomous systems exhibit periodic solutions when the corresponding autonomous system is stable. Further, the nonautonomous system shows complex dynamics such as higher periods, chaos and bursting patterns whenever the associated autonomous system goes through limit cycle oscillations.
Analysis of integrated effect of irregularity and corrugated interfaces of doubly layered half space on torsional surface wave propagation
Authors: Kumari Pato , Payal
Published: July 2023

Present geophysical model analyzes the propagation characteristics of torsional wave in an inhomogeneous viscoelastic fiber‐reinforced layer sandwiched between superior porous layer and transversely isotropic piezoelectric subspace with imperfect interfaces. Porous layer and intermediate reinforced layer are endowed with initial stress and corrugated interfaces, whereas the lower piezoelectric half space possesses rectangular cavity at the welded contact. Earth's adjacent layers near mountainous region often endowed with initial stresses resemble the present geological setup. The material properties of intermediate layer are considered to be varying exponentially. Particular cases have been deduced for electrically open and short condition for validation with the standard Love wave expressions. Effects of the relevant parameters on resultant torsional velocity have been explored through numerical simulation and depicted for electrically short and open conditions. Findings of present model may be utilized in the field of signal testing, sensors design, seismic acoustic wave (SAW) devices, and geophysical application concerned with torsional wave based on non‐destructive evaluation.
The characteristic polynomial in calculation of exponential and elementary functions in Clifford algebras
Authors: Acus Arturas , Dargys Adolfas
Published: July 2023

Formulas to calculate multivector exponentials in a basis‐free representation and orthonormal basis are presented for an arbitrary Clifford geometric algebra
. The formulas are based on the analysis of roots of characteristic polynomial of a multivector. Elaborate examples how to use the formulas in practice are presented. The results are generalized to arbitrary functions of multivector and may be useful in the quantum circuits or in the problems ofanalysis of evolution of the entangled quantum states.
Development of 2 μm all‐solid‐state pulsed laser using a saturable absorber
Authors: He Xin , Zhao Lu , Wu Chunting , Yu Yongji , Li Changqing , Sun ShuWei
Published: July 2023

The pulse laser using a saturable absorber as a passive device has the advantages of narrow pulse width, high repetition rate, and high pulse energy. Low‐dimensional materials have attracted research interest in recent years due to their excellent saturable absorption properties, ultra‐fast carrier response speed, high damage threshold, and so on. This paper gives a brief review of the state‐of‐the‐at 2 µm solid‐state lasers using saturable absorbers. The output performance of lasers in repetition rate, pulse energy, pulse width, and wavelength are summarized. The paper is expected to provide a development direction of novel materials as saturable absorbers in 2 µm solid‐state lasers.
Miniaturization of ultra‐wideband Vivaldi antenna by utilizing double‐layer structure with slots
Authors: Li Wanli , Lei Jun , Li Weiwen
Published: July 2023

In a Vivaldi antenna, a symmetrical double‐sided structure is introduced to reduce the lower‐side frequency. Multiple transverse and longitudinal slots loaded into the redundant conductor layer of the Vivaldi structure can stimulate resonant modes at the higher frequency end, further broadening the antenna bandwidth towards high frequencies. Meanwhile, impedance matching slots are introduced into the conductor layer on the feed side to achieve ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna. The overall size of the final antenna is 23.5 mm × 30.0 mm × 2.4 mm, while the relative bandwidth (S11 < –10 dB) reaches 142% (2.49–14.78 GHz). This miniaturized UWB antenna has similar directional patterns in the operating band, with an average gain of 4.82 dB.
Polyester‐based wearable bandpass microstrip filter
Authors: Joshi Jayant G. , Raghavan S. , Pattnaik Shyam S.
Published: July 2023

In this research paper, a polyester‐based bandpass microstrip filer is proposed. Split ring resonator, stepped‐impedance resonator structure, and coupled microstrip lines are used to design the proposed filter circuit in the pass band of 4.35 to 4.60 GHz for NATO frequency band military applications. The filter is fabricated using polyester substrate and self‐adhesive copper tape. The Agilent vector network analyzer is used to test the fabricated polyester wearable filter. There is good agreement between the simulated as well as measured insertion loss and return loss of the proposed wearable filter.
Design and analysis of ring resonator with slot waveguide coupling into a slab ring construction for refractive index sensing applications
Authors: Kulanthaivel Jayakrishnan , Ashok Nandam
Published: July 2023

We proposed a theoretical study of silicon nitride ring resonator configuration for the application of refractive index sensing. In this paper, a slot waveguide has been used to couple the light into the slab ring structure. We have designed the slab ring and slot waveguides with silicon nitride (Si3N4) on a substrate made of silica (SiO2). Transverse electric (TE) mode has been used for the entire analysis at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The presented structure has been geometrically optimized to get the better transmission results. The design shows a resonance wavelength of 1538.74 nm when the cladding refractive index is equal to 1, which is placed at the top of the slab ring structure. We have also calculated the effect on the transmission curve for different waveguide parameters. For, the structure achieves a resonance wavelength around 1563.65 nm. The geometrically optimized structure achieved a Q‐factor of 750 and a sensitivity of 70 nm/RIU. In the proposed paper, the shift in the resonance of the transmission spectrum has been utilized to detect the Refractive Index (RI) changes on the surface of the ring. Therefore, the proposed structure can be used effectively in the applications of refractive index sensing.
Can MicroLEDs Help Displays Better Sense the World?
Authors: Virey Eric H.
Published: July 2023

Among the benefits of microLED displays, the possibility of integrating a variety of sensors directly on the front plane is probably the most intriguing and exciting.
Display Week 2023 Highlights
Authors:   Editorial Staff
Published: July 2023

This key event for the display industry brings together visionaries from around the world to discuss and exhibit the best in new technologies.
Neuromuscular ultrasound as a marker for inherited sensory neuronopathy
Authors: Pelosi Luciana , van Alfen Nens
Published: July 2023

A review and detailed analysis of the literature over the past two decades has revealed a unique ultrasound feature of pathologically “small” nerves in inherited sensory neuronopathies. Although sample sizes were limited, due to the rarity of these diseases, this characteristic ultrasound finding has been consistently reported across a variety of inherited diseases that affect the dorsal root ganglia. Direct comparisons with both acquired and inherited diseases that primarily affect the axons in the peripheral nerves showed that the ultrasound finding of abnormally “small” cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) in mixed nerves of the upper limbs has a high diagnostic accuracy for inherited sensory neuronopathy. Based on this review, ultrasound CSA of the mixed upper limb nerves can be proposed as a marker for inherited sensory neuronopathy.
Efficacy of expressive writing versus positive writing in different populations: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Jiawei , Song Huijuan , Wang Ying , Ren Ying , Li Shuang , Xiao Feng , Liao Shaona , Xie Tingping , Zhuang Weihuan
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of expressive writing (EW) versus positive writing (PW) in different populations focusing on mood, health and writing content and to provide a basis for nurses to carry out the targeted treatment.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Twelve electronic databases and references from articles were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EW and PW were included. Statistical analyses were executed using Stata 15.0 software.

Results

Twenty‐four RCTs and a total of 1558 participants were analysed. The results showed that for the general population, PW was more positive on mood than EW and could offer more changes in cognitive mechanisms. Among patients, although PW was more conducive to generating positive emotions, EW could stimulate cognitive changes more. Nursing staff should clarify the mechanism of PW and EW, combine the advantages of both and implement intervention according to the characteristics of different populations.

No Patient or Public Contribution

It does not apply to your work because this study is an analysis of published studies and does not involve patients or the public.
Effects of age on suicide attempts by medication in patients transferred to the emergency rooms of two advanced medical centers: A retrospective chart review of the DJ project
Authors: Sasaki Taro , Shinozaki Masataka , Nemoto Aki , Nagao Yukiko , Yasuda Manabu , Shimoda Kazutaka , Suda Shiro , Yasui‐Furukori Norio
Published: July 2023

Aims

The means of suicide vary, but in cases of impaired consciousness, it is often difficult to determine the initial treatment because it is not known whether a patient has overdosed or used pesticides or poisons. Therefore, we investigated the clinical characteristics of suicide by medication in patients with suicide attempts who were brought to the emergency department, especially the influence of age.

Methods

Patients with suicide attempts were transported to the two hospitals. There were 96 males (38.4%) and 154 females (61.6%). The mean age was 43.5 ± 20 years, and both males and females were most often in their 20s. Data on sex, age, motive for suicide, means of suicide attempt, psychiatric diagnosis, length of hospital stay, and place of discharge were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The average age of the patients by means of suicide attempt was 40.5 years for “prescription drugs,” 30.2 years for “over‐the‐counter drugs,” and 63.5 years for “pesticide/poison.” For each means of suicide attempt, there was a significant difference in age among patients with suicide attempts using “prescription drugs,” “over‐the‐counter drugs” and “pesticides/poisons.” There was a statistical bias in the means and reasons for each suicide attempt.

Conclusion

The results showed that the age of patients who used over‐the‐counter medicines and pesticides and poisons varied significantly. It was thought that pesticide use should be considered first, especially when patients aged 50 years and over are brought to the hospital with impaired consciousness due to suicide attempts.
An osteometric analysis of elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Brandes Claire E. , Pilaar Birch Suzanne E.
Published: July 2023

Teeth are commonly preserved in the zooarchaeological record and can be used to estimate the age of individuals in a faunal assemblage. However, there are currently no criteria for discerning the sex of elk based on dental metric characteristics. Here, we present the results of an osteometric analysis of modern elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park to create an age profile for the sample, establish metrical parameters for evaluating sex, and discern the relationship between age and size. The analysis of tooth development stages in younger elk was combined with the assessment of occlusal wear in older elk to create an age profile of our sample population. The length and breadth of mandibular third molars produced bimodal distributions that suggest these measurements can be used to differentiate sex in this population, and diastema length showed a curvilinear association with age (R2 = 0.71). This dataset provides a useful comparative sample for future studies on ageing and sexing in zooarchaeology, conservation paleobiology, and wildlife resources management.
Transverse Venous Sinus Stenosis in Patients With Nasal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Hurel Charles , Favier Valentin , de Bonnecaze Guillaume , de Gabory Ludovic , Patsoura Sophia , Molinier‐Blossier Sandrine , Carrière Mathilde , Daubé Pierre , Dufour Xavier , Fieux Maxime , Carsuzaa Florent
Published: July 2023

Objective

Spontaneous nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are frequently linked to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The objectives of our study were: (1) to determine the rate of transverse venous sinus stenosis (TVSS) in patients with spontaneous nasal CSF leak and in patients with IIH without CSF (controls), and (2) to study the correlation between spontaneous nasal CSF leak and brain imaging features.

Study Design

A multicenter retrospective case‐control study.

Setting

Six French tertiary hospitals.

Methods

Patients with spontaneous nasal CSF leaks and patients with IIH without nasal CSF leaks (controls) were included. The transverse venous sinus patency was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging to identify possible stenosis or hypoplasia.

Results

Thirty‐two patients with spontaneous nasal CSF leaks and 32 controls were included. TVSS was significantly more frequent in patients with spontaneous nasal CSF leaks than in controls (p = .029). Univariate analysis indicated that TVSS (odds ratio, OR: 4.2; 95% confidence interval, CI [1.352‐14.915]; p = .017) and arachnoid granulations (OR: 3; 95% CI [1.065‐8.994]; p = .042) were risk factors for spontaneous nasal CSF leak. In multivariate analysis, TVSS and arachnoid granulations were independent risk factors of nasal CSF leak (OR: 5.577, 95% CI [1.485‐25.837], p = .016; and OR: 4.35, 95% CI [1.234‐17.756], p = .029, respectively).

Conclusion

This multicenter case‐control study shows that TVSS is an independent risk factor for CSF leak in patients with IIH. Stenosis management by interventional radiology may be proposed postoperatively to increase the success of IIH surgical treatment or preoperatively to reduce the need for surgery.
A Safety and Feasibility Trial of Ultrasound‐Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Parotid Warthin's Tumor
Authors: Yeung David C.M. , Leung Hanson H.S. , Lai Ronald , Lee Alex K.F. , Wong Jefferey K.T. , Wong Eddy W.Y. , Chan Jason Y.K. , Lau Eric H.L.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To determine if ultrasound‐guided (USG) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of Parotid Warthin's tumor under local anesthesia is a safe and effective procedure.

Study Design

Safety and feasibility study.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Methods

This is an IDEAL phase 2a trial in a tertiary referral center. Twenty patients with Parotid Warthin's tumor were recruited. RFA was done between September and December 2021 for all 20 patients using a CoATherm AK‐F200 machine with a disposable, 18G × 7 mm radiofrequency electrode. Results and follow‐up statistics were compared with a historic sample of patients with parotid Warthin's tumor who underwent parotidectomy between 2019 and 2021 in the same center.

Results

Nineteen patients were included in the analysis as 1 patient dropped out after 4 weeks of follow‐up. The mean age for the RFA group was 67 years old with most of them being male smokers. At a median of 45 weeks (44‐47 weeks) postprocedure there was a 7.48 mL (68.4%) volume reduction compared to baseline. Three patients had transient facial nerve (FN) paresis, 1 recovered within hours, and the other 2 by 12 weeks follow‐up. Three patients had great auricular nerve numbness; 1 patient had infected hematoma treated in an out‐patient manner. Compared to a historic cohort of parotidectomy patients for Warthin's tumor, there was no significant difference in FN paresis and other minor complications between the 2 treatment modalities.

Conclusion

The current analysis suggests that USG RFA of Warthin's Tumor is a safe alternative to parotidectomy with shorter operative time and length of stay.
Long‐Term Educational and Occupational Status of Prelingually Deaf Children Who Have Received a Cochlear Implant
Authors: Ha Seung Cheol , Lee Dong Kyu , Choi Yeonjoo , Kang Woo Seok , Ahn Joong Ho , Chung Jong Woo , Park Hong Ju
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the long‐term educational and occupational status of prelingually bilateral deaf children who received a cochlear implant (CI) before the age of 7, and to identify factors that influence these outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Single tertiary care center.

Methods

Seventy‐one children who underwent CI surgery from 2000 to 2007 were included. The latest education and occupation status and word recognition score (WRS) were analyzed.

Results

The mean age at the time of surgery and the current age was 3.9 and 22.4 years. The age at CI showed a negative correlation with WRS. All subjects had graduated from high school or obtained an equivalent educational qualification. General high school graduates showed a higher WRS than those who attended a special education high school. The college entrance rate of CI patients (74.6% %) was comparable to that of the general population (72.5%). Subjects who went to college had a significantly better WRS than those who did not (51.4% vs 19.3%). Excluding 30 subjects currently enrolled in college, 26 (62%) of the remaining 41 were currently employed and engaged in various vocational activities, of which most (21 out of 26, 81%) were employed through vocational training institutes, or via special recruitment policy for the disabled.

Conclusion

The long‐term use of CI in prelingually deaf children enables not only speech perception but also produces comparable levels of education and employment to those of the general population. A good WRS and supportive policy were related to these successful outcomes.
Redefining “Value” in Surgery: Development of a Comprehensive Value Score for Outpatient Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Ayoub Noel F. , Noel Julia , Orloff Lisa A. , Balakrishnan Karthik
Published: July 2023

Objective

The value‐based healthcare model aims to improve the quality of care and lower health care costs. The standard value equation (ie, Value = Quality/Cost), while conceptually useful, is grossly oversimplified and lacks clinical relevance. This study introduces a more detailed value equation that generates disease‐specific value scores and incorporates real‐world clinical and cost data to demonstrate its use.

Study Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Tertiary institution.

Methods

A comprehensive new health care value equation was developed that includes 23 unique inputs. Sixteen inputs represent quality (numerator) and 7 inputs represent cost (denominator). Patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery were enrolled, and data were entered into the new equation to generate surgery‐specific value scores for each patient. A subanalysis was performed for telehealth visits.

Results

Ten patients were enrolled (60% female) with an average age of 62 years. The average total monetary cost per patient was $41,884 ($27,885 direct). Across all patients, the average total quality score was 0.99, and the cost score was 6.1, resulting in a final value score of 0.19. A subanalysis showed that changing a postoperative visit from in‐person to telehealth would increase the value score by 0.66%.

Conclusion

This analysis creates a comprehensive value equation for surgical services that incorporates the complexity of modern surgical care. The new equation includes objective and subjective outcomes and health equity, quantitatively compares the value of different surgical interventions and health care services, illustrates how specific interventions can lead to the higher value of care, and can serve as the framework for future value equations.