bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A compact, modular and low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) platform for air quality monitoring in urban areas
Authors: Spandonidis Christos , Tsantilas Stefanos , Sedikos Elias , Galiatsatos Nektarios , Giannopoulos Fotios , Papadopoulos Panagiotis , Demagos Nikolaos , Reppas Dimitrios , Giordamlis Christos
Published: December 2020

The recent emergence of low-cost sensor technologies, measuring various air pollutants, enables the real-time collection of air pollution data, with high spatio-temporal resolution. In our recent study, we developed and deployed low-cost air quality monitoring sensors and distributed them to citizens of Thessaloniki, Greece. The aim of this study was to provide near real-time air pollution measurements that will allow the better representation of the air pollution levels in the greater area of Thessaloniki. In the current work, we present the low-cost adjustable wireless sensor platform that has been developed for air pollution monitoring in urban areas. The platform can take sensor measurements down to one sample per second and is suitable for Big Data analysis applications such as air quality forecasts, weather forecasts and traffic prediction. The paper aims to contribute to the area of low-cost, distributed sensor networks for Environmental Intelligence applications.
Design of a Dual-Band Planar Inverted F-L Implantable Antenna for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Salama Sanaa , Zyoud Duaa , Abuelhaija Ashraf
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a dual-band planar inverted F-L implantable antenna, which operates at theMedical Implant Communications Services (MICS) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, is introduced. The proposed antenna is printed on RO3010 substrate of thickness 2mm, relative permittivity 10.2, and loss tangent 0.0023. A short-circuit pin inserted between the ground plane and the patch is used to downsize the antenna. The dimension of the antenna is 27 × 19 × 2 mm3. The proposed implantable antenna covers a frequency band of 9.4 MHz [397-406.4 MHz] at MICS band with a return loss of -20.02dB at 403 MHz and a frequency band of 80 MHz [2.41-2.49 GHz] at ISM band with a return loss of -22.82 at 2.45 GHz. Design and analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out by Computer Simulation Technologies (CST) Microwave studio.
Deposition of heat-resistant coatings based on the ZrSi2-MoSi2-ZrB2 system for protection of non-metallic composite materials in high-speed high-enthalpy gas flows
Authors: Lifanov I P , Astapov A N , Terentieva V S
Published: December 2020

The work demonstrates possibility of formation of coatings based on the ZrSi2-MoSi2-ZrB2 system by the slip-firing method. During oxidation, the coatings form heterogeneous oxide film resistant to high-speed high-enthalpy gas flow due to generation of refractory ZrO2 framework filled with borosilicate glass doped with zirconium dissolved in it. The advantages and disadvantages of the coatings in the system under study are presented.
Characteristics of the modification of the near-surface layer and sputtering of graphite under high intensity ion irradiation
Authors: Puntakov N A , Begrambekov L B , Grunin A V
Published: December 2020

In this paper, features of the modification of near-surface layer of R6510P100D01 grade graphite under irradiation by deuterium and helium ions at a temperature of 2050 °C is investigated. It is shown that irradiation by such ions at a flux density of 1,4×1018 ion/cm2s initiates vacancy transport from the irradiated surface to the bulk of the sample, leading to the formation of a porous layer inside the sample with a thickness of over 2 mm. High sputtering yields, exceeding those for irradiation by the same ions at room temperature with a moderate intensity ion fluxes, lead to the conclusion that in these conditions, sublimation is the main mechanism of the removal of carbon atoms from the surface of graphite.
Study on improving the efficiency of cleaning the pile drum
Authors: Ulugmuradov H Yu , Abbazov I Z , Muradov R M
Published: December 2020

This article provides an analysis of current news about the development of the cotton industry in the country. It is also based on theoretical research and analysis of cleaning processes used in foreign countries, as well as ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning the pile drum, which is the main working body of equipment for cleaning cotton from small impurities. It is based on the need for theoretical calculations of its cleaning surface to increase the cleaning efficiency of fine-grained cleaning equipment. The results of theoretical research on the calculation of useful surfaces of mesh surfaces based on the calculation of the surface of the pile and the mesh located at the bottom, which are currently used in the republic and abroad. The need to develop new structures and their calculations were made to increase the use of mesh surfaces up to 100%.
Bantu-speaker migration and admixture in southern Africa
Authors: Choudhury Ananyo , Sengupta Dhriti , Ramsay Michele , Schlebusch Carina
Published: December 2020

The presence of Early and Middle Stone Age human remains and associated archeological artifacts from various sites scattered across southern Africa, suggests this geographic region to be one of the first abodes of anatomically modern humans. Although the presence of hunter-gatherer cultures in this region dates back to deep times, the peopling of southern Africa has largely been reshaped by three major sets of migrations over the last 2000 years. These migrations have led to a confluence of four distinct ancestries (San hunter-gatherer, East-African pastoralist, Bantu-speaker farmer and Eurasian) in populations from this region. In this review, we have summarized the recent insights into the refinement of timelines and routes of the migration of Bantu-speaking populations to southern Africa and their admixture with resident southern African Khoe-San populations. We highlight two recent studies providing evidence for the emergence of fine-scale population structure within some South-Eastern Bantu-speaker groups. We also accentuate whole genome sequencing studies (current and ancient) that have both enhanced our understanding of the peopling of southern Africa and demonstrated a huge potential for novel variant discovery in populations from this region. Finally, we identify some of the major gaps and inconsistencies in our understanding and emphasize the importance of more systematic studies of southern African populations from diverse ethnolinguistic groups and geographic locations.
Safety and efficacy of omadacycline by BMI categories and diabetes history in two Phase III randomized studies of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Pai Manjunath P , Wilcox Mark H , Chitra Surya , McGovern Paul C
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The objectives of this post-hoc analysis were to examine the safety and efficacy of omadacycline by BMI categories and diabetes history in adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) from two pivotal Phase III studies.

Patients and methods

OASIS-1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02378480): patients were randomized 1:1 to IV omadacycline or linezolid for 7–14 days, with optional transition to oral medication. OASIS-2 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02877927): patients received once-daily oral omadacycline or twice-daily oral linezolid for 7–14 days. Early clinical response (ECR) was defined as ≥20% reduction in lesion size 48–72 h after the first dose. Clinical success at post-treatment evaluation (PTE; 7–14 days after the last dose) was defined as symptom resolution such that antibacterial therapy was unnecessary. Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events and laboratory measures. Between-treatment comparisons were made with regard to WHO BMI categories and diabetes history.

Results

Patients were evenly distributed among healthy weight, overweight and obese groups. Clinical success for omadacycline-treated patients at ECR and PTE was similar across BMI categories. Outcomes by diabetes status were similar in omadacycline- and linezolid-treated patients: at ECR, clinical success rates were lower for those with diabetes; at PTE, clinical success was similar between treatment groups regardless of diabetes history. The safety of omadacycline and linezolid was largely similar across BMI groups and by diabetes history.

Conclusions

Omadacycline efficacy in patients with higher BMI and in patients with diabetes was consistent with results from two pivotal Phase III ABSSSI trials. Fixed-dose omadacycline is an appropriate treatment for ABSSSI in adults regardless of BMI.
The cytosolic invertase NI6 affects vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set, and yield in tomato
Authors: Coluccio Leskow Carla , Conte Mariana , del Pozo Talia , Bermúdez Luisa , Lira Bruno Silvestre , Gramegna Giovanna , Baroli Irene , Burgos Estanislao , Zavallo Diego , Kamenetzky Laura , Asís Ramón , Gonzalez Mauricio , Fernie Alisdair Robert , Rossi Magdalena , Osorio Sonia , Carrari Fernando
Published: December 2020

Sucrose metabolism is important for most plants, both as the main source of carbon and via signaling mechanisms that have been proposed for this molecule. A cleaving enzyme, invertase (INV) channels sucrose into sink metabolism. Although acid soluble and insoluble invertases have been largely investigated, studies on the role of neutral invertases (A/N-INV) have lagged behind. Here, we identified a tomato A/N-INV encoding gene (NI6) co-localizing with a previously reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) largely affecting primary carbon metabolism in tomato. Of the eight A/N-INV genes identified in the tomato genome, NI6 mRNA is present in all organs, but its expression was higher in sink tissues (mainly roots and fruits). A NI6-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol of mesophyll cells. Tomato NI6-silenced plants showed impaired growth phenotype, delayed flowering and a dramatic reduction in fruit set. Global gene expression and metabolite profile analyses of these plants revealed that NI6 is not only essential for sugar metabolism, but also plays a signaling role in stress adaptation. We also identified major hubs, whose expression patterns were greatly affected by NI6 silencing; these hubs were within the signaling cascade that coordinates carbohydrate metabolism with growth and development in tomato.
Insights into synthesis and function of KsgA/Dim1-dependent rRNA modifications in archaea
Authors: Knüppel Robert , Trahan Christian , Kern Michael , Wagner Alexander , Grünberger Felix , Hausner Winfried , Quax Tessa E F , Albers Sonja-Verena , Oeffinger Marlene , Ferreira-Cerca Sébastien
Published: December 2020

Ribosomes are intricate molecular machines ensuring proper protein synthesis in every cell. Ribosome biogenesis is a complex process which has been intensively analyzed in bacteria and eukaryotes. In contrast, our understanding of the in vivo archaeal ribosome biogenesis pathway remains less characterized. Here, we have analyzed the in vivo role of the almost universally conserved ribosomal RNA dimethyltransferase KsgA/Dim1 homolog in archaea. Our study reveals that KsgA/Dim1-dependent 16S rRNA dimethylation is dispensable for the cellular growth of phylogenetically distant archaea. However, proteomics and functional analyses suggest that archaeal KsgA/Dim1 and its rRNA modification activity (i) influence the expression of a subset of proteins and (ii) contribute to archaeal cellular fitness and adaptation. In addition, our study reveals an unexpected KsgA/Dim1-dependent variability of rRNA modifications within the archaeal phylum. Combining structure-based functional studies across evolutionary divergent organisms, we provide evidence on how rRNA structure sequence variability (re-)shapes the KsgA/Dim1-dependent rRNA modification status. Finally, our results suggest an uncoupling between the KsgA/Dim1-dependent rRNA modification completion and its release from the nascent small ribosomal subunit. Collectively, our study provides additional understandings into principles of molecular functional adaptation, and further evolutionary and mechanistic insights into an almost universally conserved step of ribosome synthesis.
Phytoplankton RNA/DNA and 18S rRNA/rDNA ratios in a coastal marine ecosystem
Authors: Casabianca Silvia , Capellacci Samuela , Ricci Fabio , Scardi Michele , Penna Antonella
Published: December 2020

The RNA/DNA ratio is used as indicator of growth in various marine organisms and to assess physiological status at species or community level. To evaluate the utility of the RNA/DNA ratio as a proxy of phytoplankton primary production, the relationships between phytoplankton RNA/DNA, taxon-specific diatom and dinoflagellate 18S rRNA/rDNA ratios and autotrophic phytoplankton biomass were investigated as a first step. Significant correlations between all phytoplankton ratios and total phytoplankton, diatom and dinoflagellate biomass as chlorophyll a (chl a) and carbon content were found. Diatoms showed higher correlation than dinoflagellates (18S rRNA/rDNA vs. chl a, rs = 0.74 and 0.64, P < 0.001; 18S rRNA/rDNA vs. carbon, rs = 0.66 and 0.53, P < 0.001, respectively), because they represented the most abundant and frequent group within sampled assemblages. Further, phytoplankton biomass production is known to be linked to protein biosynthesis and significant relationships between RNA/DNA ratios and protein content of phytoplankton assemblage were found (rs = 0.62 and 0.52, P < 0.001 for diatom and dinoflagellates, respectively). As taxon-specific RNA/DNA ratios were correlated with biomass and protein content, our results can be regarded as the first step toward further studies on the applicability of RNA/DNA ratios as indicators of growth rate and primary production in phytoplankton assemblages.
“Fight or flight”: coping responses to brand hate
Authors: Bayarassou Oula , Becheur Imene , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the interplay between brand and consumer personalities in shaping brand hate and its consequences. More specifically, it investigates the relationship between fallacious character of the brand, brand betrayal feelings and brand hate, and identifies two response routes leading to consumer avoidance and revenge. Furthermore, the study explores the moderating impact of narcissism on the relationships between brand hate and its outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from an online survey of a French representative consumer panel where participants were asked to cite a particular brand they hate, and then assess the different constructs tested in the model. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

The study sheds light on the possible mediators and moderators of brand hate. Particularly, brand betrayal is hypothesized as a mediator between fallacious character of the brand and brand hate. Moreover, the study assesses the impact of narcissism on the relationship between brand hate and desire for avoidance and revenge. Findings show that active brand hate leads to a desire for revenge, whereas passive brand hate positively influences desire for avoidance. Finally, the current research suggests that consumer narcissism fuels desire for revenge on the brand.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to integrate brand personality (the fallacious character of the brand) and consumer personality (narcissism). The study describes the mechanism through which brand transgressions activate two response routes to brand hate associated with the desires for revenge and avoidance.
eWOM credibility: a comprehensive framework and literature review
Authors: Verma Deepak , Dewani Prem Prakash
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) credibility. Further, the authors propose a comprehensive and integrated model on eWOM credibility.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic review of the extant literature on marketing, sociology and psychology to identify the factors that affect eWOM credibility. Further, the authors developed themes and identified factors which lead to eWOM credibility.

Findings

Four factors were identified, i.e. content, communicator, context and consumer, which affect eWOM credibility. Several variables associated with these four factors were identified, which result in eWOM credibility. Further, the authors developed 22 propositions to explain the causal relationship between these variables and eWOM credibility.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual model needs empirical validation across various eWOM platforms, i.e. social networking websites, e-commerce websites, etc.

Practical implications

Managers and e-commerce vendors can use these inputs to develop specific design elements and assessment tools which can help consumers to identify credible eWOM messages. Credible eWOM messages, in turn, will increase the “trust” and “loyalty” of the customers on e-commerce vendors.

Originality/value

This paper provides a conclusive takeaway of eWOM credibility literature by integrating multiple perspectives and arguments from the extant literature. This study also presents an integrated model, which provides a theoretical framework for researchers to further examine the interaction effect of various variables, which results in eWOM credibility.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2020-0263
Understanding motivations to use online streaming services: integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the uses and gratifications theory (UGT)
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony , Falzon Loredana
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its preventative social distancing measures have led to a dramatic increase in subscriptions to paid streaming services. Online users are increasingly accessing live broadcasts, as well as recorded video content and digital music services through internet and mobile devices. In this context, this study aims to explore the individuals’ uses and gratifications from online streaming technologies during COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

This research has adapted key measures from the “technology acceptance model” (TAM) and from the “uses and gratifications theory” (UGT) to better understand the individuals’ intentions to use online streaming technologies. A structural equations partial least squares’ confirmatory composite approach was used to analyze the gathered data.

Findings

The individuals’ perceived usefulness and ease of use of online streaming services were significant antecedents of their intentions to use the mentioned technologies. Moreover, this study suggests that the research participants sought emotional gratifications from online streaming technologies, as they allowed them to distract themselves into a better mood and to relax in their leisure time. Evidently, they were using them to satisfy their needs for information and entertainment.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the academic literature by generating new knowledge about the individuals’ perceptions, motivations and intentions to use online streaming technologies to watch recorded movies, series and live broadcasts.

Practical implications

The findings imply that there is scope for the providers of online streaming services to improve their customer-centric marketing by refining the quality and content of their recorded programs and through regular interactions with subscribers and personalized recommender systems.

Originality/value

This study integrates the TAM and UGT frameworks to better understand the effects of the users’ perceptions, ritualized and instrumental motivations on their intentions to continue watching movies, series and broadcasts through online streaming technologies, during COVID-19.
Stapler closure versus manual closure in total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chan , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Kuo I‐Chun , Tsai Yao‐Te , Hsin Li‐Jen
Published: December 2020

Objective

Total laryngectomy (TL) is a life‐saving procedure for individuals with advanced laryngeal cancer and those suffering from recurrence after initial treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the differences between stapler closure (SC) and manual closure (MC) of the pharynx during TL for patients with laryngeal cancer.

Design/Setting

A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software (Version 3; Biostat). Dichotomous data were calculated as odds ratios (ORs), and continuous data were calculated as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Outcome/Results

A total of seven studies (535 patients) were included in this meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis showed that the operative time of TL was significantly reduced in the SC group (MD, −63.2; 95% CI, −106.0 to −20.4). Moreover, the SC group had a lower incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.83; P = .016) and hospital stay (MD, −2.9; 95% CI, −5.6 to −0.1). The incidence of postoperative surgical site infection (OR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.02 to 8.73; P = .565) was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Based on these results, SC may be a useful option for patients who need TL.
Digital dermatopathology: The time is now
Authors: Blum Amy E. , Murphy George F. , Lee Jonathan J.
Published: December 2020

To continue to provide expert specialized care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, our dermatopathology service transitioned to a secure virtual microscopy platform. In our experience, this digitally‐enabled dermatopathology practice revealed myriad benefits, including an improved diagnostic workflow and increased access to teaching. Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a related system that digitizes glass slides with high resolution and has been clinically validated for primary diagnosis. While WSI requires an initial institutional investment, its benefits include expanded access to subspecialized expertise and collaborations, digital histopathologic data generation for research, unification of patient clinical and pathologic information, and archiving of educational resources. The switch to digitally‐enabled remote dermatopathology at our institution and across the United States presents a rare opportunity to critically examine newly implemented systems and to develop permanent digital solutions, thereby taking a leap forward for the benefit of patient care, research, and medical education.
Beyond Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness: Testing links between lower‐level personality traits and American political orientation
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Soto Christopher J. , Plaks Jason E.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Research has consistently revealed positive correlations between political liberalism and Openness to Experience, and between conservatism and Conscientiousness. Most of this research has made use of domain‐level models of the Big Five personality traits. Recent work suggests, however, that each Big Five trait domain can be divided into distinct aspects or facets, which offer more nuanced characterizations of each trait.

Methods

Across four studies (Ns ranging from 1,123 to 116,406), the present research examined the degree to which distinct lower‐level traits would be associated with meaningful differences in political orientation. United States residents completed two different hierarchical Big Five personality measures (the Big Five Aspect Scales and the Big Five Inventory‐2), as well as a range of measures of political orientation.

Results

Across both personality measures, liberal political orientation showed distinct positive associations with the lower‐level traits Openness/Aesthetic Sensitivity, Intellect/Intellectual Curiosity, Compassion, and Withdrawal/Depression, as well as distinct negative associations with Orderliness/Organization, Politeness, and Assertiveness.

Discussion

By examining individual differences at a higher level of granularity, these data provide insight into specific motivations that predispose individuals toward different ends of the political spectrum.
A sympathetic view of blood pressure control at high altitude: new insights from microneurographic studies
Authors: Simpson Lydia L. , Steinback Craig D. , Stembridge Mike , Moore Jonathan P.
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the topic of the review?

Sympathoexcitation and sympathetic control of blood pressure at high altitude.

What advances does it highlight?

Sustained sympathoexcitation is fundamental to integrative control of blood pressure in humans exposed to chronic hypoxia. The largest gaps in current knowledge are in understanding the complex mechanisms by which central sympathetic outflow is regulated at high altitude.

High altitude (HA) hypoxia is a potent activator of the sympathetic nervous system, eliciting increases in sympathetic vasomotor activity. Microneurographic evidence of HA sympathoexcitation dates back to the late 20th century, yet only recently have the characteristics and underpinning mechanisms been explored in detail. This review summarises recent findings and highlights the importance of HA sympathoexcitation for the regulation of blood pressure in lowlanders and indigenous highlanders. In addition, this review identifies gaps in our knowledge and corresponding avenues for future study.
Acinetobacter baumannii Targets Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules (CEACAMs) for Invasion of Pneumocytes
Authors: Ambrosi Cecilia , Scribano Daniela , Sarshar Meysam , Zagaglia Carlo , Singer Bernhard B. , Palamara Anna Teresa
Published: December 2020

This work shows for the first time thatAcinetobacter baumanniibinds to carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), CEACAM5, and CEACAM6. This binding significantly enhancesA. baumanniiinternalization within alveolar host cell epithelia.
Magnitude of Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity and Associated Factors Related to Abortion: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Tariku Mequanent
Published: December 2020

Background. Abortion‐related mortality is decreasing, but the complication is still causing a significant morbidity to mothers especially in developing countries. Recently, suitable criteria to assess maternal near miss for sub‐Saharan countries were adapted in harmony with the previous World Health Organization near‐miss criteria. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of severe acute maternal morbidity and associated factors related to abortion in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Method. An institution‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 337 women who sought abortion services at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1 to October 30, 2019. The participants were selected conveniently. Data was collected by using prospective morbidity methodology with pretested anonymous structured English questionnaire. The collected data were then entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Variables with p value ≤ 0.2 in the bivariate analysis, not collinear, were entered to multivariable regression. The strength of association is presented by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. p value less than 0.05 was used as a cut‐off point to determine statistically significant association. Results. The magnitude of severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal near miss is found to be 35.6 and 17.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with severe acute maternal morbidity were as follows: women uneducated (AOR: 3.02; 95% CI 1.24‐7.33), second‐trimester pregnancy (1.89‐9.14), and delayed presentation (AOR: 4.32, 95% CI 1.76‐10.59). Conclusion. Severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal near miss related to abortion are high despite the availability of safe termination. Near‐miss cases could be better traced by using reasonably adapted World Health Organization near‐miss criteria for sub‐Saharan countries. Lack of education, increased gestational age, and delayed presentation had increased severe acute maternal morbidity associated with abortion which may need further education on health care seeking culture of the community.
Principal Evaluation under the Elementary and Secondary Every Student
Succeeds Act: A Comprehensive Policy Review
Authors: Donaldson Morgaen , Mavrogordato Madeline , Dougherty Shaun M. , Ghanem Reem Al , Youngs Peter
Published: December 2020

A growing body of research recognizes the critical role of the school principal, demonstrating that school principals’ effects on student outcomes are second only to those of teachers. Yet policy makers have often paid little attention to principals, choosing instead to focus policy reform on teachers. In the last decade, this pattern has shifted somewhat. Federal policies such as Race to the Top (RTTT) and Elementary and Secondary Education Act waivers emphasized principal quality and prompted many states to overhaul principal evaluation as a means to develop principals’ leadership practices and hold them accountable for the performance of their schools. The development and dissemination of principal evaluation policies has proceeded rapidly, however, it is unclear whether focusing on principal evaluation has targeted the most impactful policy lever. In this policy brief, we describe where policy makers have placed their bets in post-RTTT principal evaluation systems and comment on the wisdom of these wagers. We describe the degree to which principal evaluation components, processes, and consequences vary across the fifty states and the District of Columbia, and review evidence on which aspects of principal evaluation policies are most likely to improve principals’ practice and hold them accountable.
Examining the Role of Power-Control Theory and Self-Control to Account for Computer Hacking
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Steinmetz Kevin F.
Published: December 2020

Criminological inquiry consistently identifies a gender difference in offending rates, which are also evident among certain forms of cybercrime. The gender difference in cybercrime offending is particularly large within computer hacking, though few have specifically addressed this issue through applications of criminological theory. The current study attempted to account for the gender disparity in hacking through a test of power-control theory, which considers the role of class and family structure. This analysis also incorporated an extension of power-control theory through the influence of low self-control. Using data from the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency study (ISRD-2), logistic regression analyses were estimated, producing partial support for both theories to account for hacking. Implications for theory and research were explored in detail.
Minority governments and Canada’s confused foreign investment policy
Authors: Azzi Stephen
Published: December 2020

Three case studies demonstrate that federal limits on foreign investment in Canada have been motivated by political not economic considerations. The cases—the abortive 1963 tax on foreign takeovers, the 1973–1974 creation of the Foreign Investment Review Agency, and the 2008 and 2010 decisions to block the purchase of two Canadian companies—shared many features. All three involved minority governments that were vulnerable to shifts in public opinion. All three governments were skeptical about turning away foreign capital. Yet all three undertook measures to limit investment. All three then abandoned the policy as soon as political circumstances changed. This decision-making process helps explain why Canadian foreign investment policy has often been confused and inconsistent.
Open project-based learning for dynamic adaptability of IT education
Authors: Tous Ruben , Freitag Felix
Published: December 2020

The pace of technological change is accelerating, the duration of the trends is becoming shorter and the number of technological alternatives to solve IT problems grows quickly. Keeping IT higher education course curricula up-to-date becomes more and more challenging. This paper presents an empirical study that aims to assess whether an open-statement and open-solution methodology in an IT-related project-based learning (PBL) course led to the adaptation of the skills learned by students to the trends of the main IT technology domains. The study analyses data from more than 90 projects by students from eight academic years of the course” Project on Information Technologies”, carried out by students in the last year of the Bachelor of Science in Informatics Engineering at the Barcelona School of Informatics. Our results identify a high correlation between the technologies chosen in student projects and technological trends, which shows that the methodology encourages students to incorporate the latest technological innovations in their project work plan.
Indigenizing Participation for Sustainable Community-Based Development Programmes in Ghana
Authors: Boadu Evans Sakyi , Ile Isioma , Oduro Madonna Yaa
Published: December 2020

The efficacy of indigenous knowledge and local participation has been argued to be some of the pathways to curbing the present indigenous community development impasse. Employing an in-depth qualitative research approach, 32 traditional and community development leaders as well as local government officials were interviewed to ascertain local the present community development paradigms and proposed future pathways. Drawing from local insights and a range of scholarly perspectives this paper assessed how meaningful indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people can actively engage and sustain community-driven development programmes. Utilizing a process analysis, the paper, established that there is a disconnect between indigenous community knowledge systems, values, norms and other cultural realities and contemporary participatory community development approaches. It further illustrates, the absence of local participation in community development and proposed a framework for the integration of indigenous knowledge systems, institutions and other cultural realities in community-based development programmes to ensure development sustainability.
Impact of Reducing Water Fluoride on Dental Caries and Fluorosis
Authors: James P. , Harding M. , Beecher T. , Browne D. , Cronin M. , Guiney H. , O’Mullane D. , Whelton H.
Published: December 2020

Guidance intended to reduce fluoride toothpaste ingestion in early childhood was introduced in Ireland in 2002. In 2007, water fluoride concentration was adjusted from 0.8–1.0 to 0.6–0.8 ppm. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in caries and fluorosis levels following introduction of these 2 policy measures. A before-and-after study compared caries and fluorosis in random samples of 8-y-olds in Dublin ( n = 707) and Cork-Kerry ( n = 1148) in 2017 with 8-y-olds in Dublin ( n = 679) and Cork-Kerry ( n = 565) in 2002. Dentinal caries experience (primary teeth, d3vcmft(cde)) and fluorosis (permanent teeth, Dean’s index of very mild or higher) were clinically measured. Lifetime exposure to community water fluoridation (CWF) was classified as “full CWF”/“no CWF.” Effect of examination year on caries prevalence and severity and fluorosis prevalence was assessed using multivariate regression adjusting for other explanatory variables. There was little change in commencement of fluoride toothpaste use at ≤24 mo following introduction of toothbrushing guidance. Among children with full CWF, there was no statistically significant difference in caries prevalence or severity between 2017 and 2002. In 2017, caries prevalence was 55% in Dublin (full CWF) and 56% in Cork-Kerry (full CWF), and mean d3vcmft(cde) among children with caries was 3.4 and 3.7, respectively. Caries severity was less in 2017 (mean 4.2) than 2002 (mean 4.9) among children with no CWF ( P = 0.039). The difference in caries severity between children with full CWF and no CWF was less in 2017 than in 2002 (interaction P = 0.013), suggesting a reduced benefit for CWF in 2017. In 2017, fluorosis prevalence was 18% in Dublin (full CWF) and 12% in Cork-Kerry (full CWF). Fluorosis was predominantly “very mild” with no statistically significant difference between 2017 and 2002. CWF at 0.6 to 0.8 ppm is an effective caries-preventive measure. Results suggested low uptake of toothbrushing guidance, a reduced caries-preventive effect for CWF in primary teeth, and no reduction in fluorosis following introduction of the policy measures.
Rethinking Institutional Habitus in Education: A Relational Approach for Studying Its Sources and Impacts
Authors: Çelik Çetin
Published: December 2020

Institutional habitus is a useful concept for analysing how schools adopt certain dispositions and influence students’ educational trajectories. The literature, however, reduces its source to collective social class mediated by an institution and only employs it to explain the reproduction of inequalities. Instead, I offer a relational framework that ties the concepts of institutional habitus, field and capital, and investigate how a secondary school improves the educational engagement of working-class, second-generation Turkish immigrant youth in Germany. The findings reveal that the school’s institutional habitus combines the communal values of the immigrant community and the middle-class academic practices; the former narrows the gap between home and school, and the latter modifies the classed feelings of students. The relational framework discloses that schools’ educational status in the educational field constitutes the source of institutional habitus, and that the institutional habitus can also explain the reduction of inequalities by schools.
Distinctive or Professionalised? Understanding the Postsecular in Faith-Based Responses to Trafficking, Forced Labour and Slavery in the UK
Authors: Lonergan Gwyneth , Lewis Hannah , Tomalin Emma , Waite Louise
Published: December 2020

This article examines the intersection of religious faith and the ‘fight against modern slavery’ in the UK, as yet unexplored in sociological literature. Analysis of faith-based organisations’ activities in this area challenges understandings of a postsecular rapprochement between faith and secular actors – where postsecular is used by some scholars to refer to the re-emergence of faith in the public sphere, and where we understand rapprochement to mean the placing of equal value on faith-based and secular worldviews. Our research reveals that faith-based organisations in the anti-trafficking/modern slavery third sector operate on a ‘dual register’, secularising as they professionalise their public face, while retaining religious distinctiveness when engaging with co-religionists. We argue that, rather than evidence of a genuine two-way postsecular rapprochement, it seems that faith-based organisations in this sector are prioritising secular modalities, meaning the learning process is one-sided rather than complementary.
Nano-bio finishing of cotton fabric with chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria (L)
Authors: Taghavi Loza , hemmatinegad Nahid , Bashari Azadeh , Noorian Najafabadi Seyyed Abbas , Shakibi Sepideh
Published: December 2020

The goal of this paper was to study some chemical and physical effects of chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria on cotton fabric. The finished fabrics showed antimicrobial effects against two pathogenic microorganisms, namely  Staphylococcus aureus and  Escherichia coli, and the particle size, as well as the effect of encapsulating sumac extract in chitosan nano-hydrogel on some physical and visual characteristics of fabrics, are then confirmed by using various methods, including antimicrobial testing, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of the samples are also studied. The as-prepared samples with higher sumac content have more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing activity (about 52%) than the un-treated sample, as well as excellent washing fastness and antimicrobial properties after five washing cycles. More specifically, these methods indicated negligible changes in color and thickness of treated cotton fabrics. Finally, the application of cotton fabric along with the synthesis of chitosan nano-hydrogel and sumac loading introduced a novel cotton fabric with high antimicrobial properties, washing fastness and UV protection property.
A multilevel analysis on the evaluation and promotion of emotional intelligence among Chinese school adolescents
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Wang Lei , Zhang Jing , Wang Jiana
Published: December 2020

Emotional intelligence (EI) is closely connected with mental health, academic achievement, and social adaptation. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate EI and explore its associated factors in Chinese adolescents in school. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to participants—a total of 2,058 students aged 10 to 18 years and 114 homeroom teachers. A hierarchical linear model was used to test the effects of individual and class level variables on EI, respectively. The study found that the participants exhibited slightly higher EI scores than their Western counterparts and that EI levels varied between classes. Students’ prosocial behaviors, study pressure, left-behind status (at the individual level) as well as the homeroom teachers’ gratitude, job rewards, negative teacher-student relationships, and perceived organizational support (at the class level) were significantly associated with EI. Therefore, the emotional expressions and working situations of homeroom teachers should be promoted to facilitate the development of adolescents.
Evaluation of a Mystery Shopper Intervention to Reduce Sales of Alcohol to Minors in Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Mexico
Authors: Paschall Mallie J. , Grube Joel W. , Miller Ted R. , Ringwalt Christopher L. , Fisher Deborah A. , DeJong William
Published: December 2020

We report the results of a quasi-experimental evaluation of a mystery shopper intervention in Zacatecas and Guadalupe, Mexico. Underage youth attempted to purchase beer at 50 Modelorama stores and 32 Oxxo stores (intervention groups), and at 19 comparison convenience stores in March, July, and August 2018. After each attempt, intervention store operators were informed if a sale was made. Modelorama operators also received training and were warned that repeated sales to minors could jeopardize their franchise. Average sales rates to minors were 63.8% at Modeloramas, 86.5% at Oxxo stores, and 98.2% at comparison stores. The findings suggest that mystery shopper interventions with training, feedback to store operators, and sanctions after repeated sales to underage youth may reduce sales to minors in low- and middle-income countries.
What Happens to Bad Actors in Organizations? A Review of Actor-Centric Outcomes of Negative Behavior
Authors: Zhong Rui , Robinson Sandra L.
Published: December 2020

Negative workplace behavior has received substantial research attention over the past several decades. Although we have learned a lot about the consequences of negative behavior for its victims and third-party observers, a less understood but equally important research question pertains to the consequences for bad actors: How does engaging in negative behavior impact one’s thoughts, feelings, and subsequent behaviors? Moreover, do organizational members experience costs or benefits from engaging in negative acts? We address these questions with an integrative review of empirical findings on various actor-centric consequences of a wide range of negative behaviors. We organize these findings into five dominant theoretical perspectives: affective, psychological-needs, relational, psychological-resources, and cognitive-dissonance perspectives. For each perspective, we provide an overview of the theoretical arguments, summarize findings of relevant studies underlying it, and discuss observed patterns and contradictory findings. By doing so, we provide a very tentative answer to our initial questions, contending that engaging in negative acts is a two-edged sword for actors and its costs seem to slightly prevail over its benefits. Nevertheless, we make this preliminary conclusion based upon an incomplete knowledge base. In order to further our understanding of actor-centric outcomes of negative behavior, we also identify several important research gaps and needed future research directions.
Acquisition of Japanese relative clauses by L1 Chinese learners: Evidence from reflexive pronoun resolution
Authors: Chen Yunchuan
Published: December 2020

This article investigates whether first-language (L1) Chinese-speaking learners of Japanese as a second language (L2) can acquire the knowledge that the reflexive pronoun jibun ‘self’ within the head noun phrase of Japanese relative clauses cannot refer to the relative clause subject. Successful acquisition would suggest that learners are able to acquire the underlying syntactic knowledge that the head noun phrase of Japanese relative clauses is base-generated external to the relative clause. A truth value judgment experiment was conducted and the findings suggest that L1 Chinese learners can indeed acquire the target syntactic knowledge in Japanese relative clauses, which argues against the Representational Deficit hypotheses and supports the Full Functional Representation hypotheses of L2 acquisition.
A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Illingworth Benjamin JG , Lewis Declan J , Lambarth Andrew T , Stocking Kate , Duffy James MN , Jelen Luke A , Rucker James J
Published: December 2020

Rationale:

Novel, evidence-based treatments are required for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has beneficially augmented psychotherapy in several small clinical trials.

Objective:

To review the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD.

Methods:

Systematic searches of four databases were conducted from inception to February 2020. A meta-analysis was performed on trials which were double-blinded, randomised, and compared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to psychotherapy and placebo. The primary outcomes were the differences in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) score and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Secondary outcome measures included neurocognitive and physical adverse effects, at the time, and within 7 days of intervention.

Results:

Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria. When compared to active placebo, intervention groups taking 75 mg (MD −46.90; 95% (confidence intervals) CI −58.78, −35.02), 125 mg (MD −20.98; 95% CI −34.35, −7.61) but not 100 mg (MD −12.90; 95% CI −36.09, 10.29) of MDMA with psychotherapy, had significant decreases in CAPS-IV scores, as did the inactive placebo arm (MD −33.20; 95% CI −40.53, −25.87). A significant decrease in BDI when compared to active placebo (MD −10.80; 95% CI −20.39, −1.21) was only observed at 75 mg. Compared to placebo, participants reported significantly more episodes of low mood, nausea and jaw-clenching during sessions and lack of appetite after 7 days.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate potential therapeutic benefit with minimal physical and neurocognitive risk for the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in TR-PTSD, despite little effect on Beck’s Depression Inventory. Better powered RCTs are required to investigate further.

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews:

CRD42019109132 available online at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero .