bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANAN APBD SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KEMANDARIAN DAN KEMAMPUAN KEUANGAN KOTA MOJOKERTO TAHUN 2019
Authors: Panangsang Parikesit , Studiviany Pramita , Trihastuti Adiati
Published: November 2022

The Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) is the annual financial plan of regional governments in Indonesia which is approved by the Regional People's Representative Council, which contains income plans and expenditure plans during the working year. The development of the 2019 Mojokerto City Budget is good, experiencing an average increase starting from 2017 – 2019 in the Revenue budget of 6.64% and the Regional Budget of 3.97%. Expenditure Budget is 7.37%, Net Financing is 122.70% and SILPA is 208.22%, and Surplus is 13.16%.

To measure the independence and financial capacity of the city of Mojokerto, there are several financial indicators used, namely 1) the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the Autonomous Region is the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the autonomous region, 2) Contribution of PAD to APBD, 3) Productivity/Contribution of Taxes and Levies to PAD, 4 ) PAD Growth Rate, 5) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, 6) Trend of Autonomous Regional Financial Independence 7) Fiscal Capacity Map for 2017-2019, 8) Regional Financial Capability and 9) Assessing Performance of Each Type of Tax/Retribution.

From the results of the discussion, the prospect of Mojokerto City Regional Finance. Realization for PAD is very effective with the contribution of PAD to the APBD being moderate, apparently followed by PAD growth is also moderate, from this condition the regional financial capacity is in the "low" category, amounting to Rp. 254.77 billion below Rp. 300 billion. and the pattern of the relationship is “consultative”. In addition, the trend of low regional financial independence is indicated by the financial performance of the "prime" category of regional tax revenues, and "underdeveloped" regional retribution income.
drug_doc_human_documentation
Authors: anand ishita , Rawal Kamal
Published: November 2022

Drug addiction is a disease. It comes in a process—use, misuse and abuse. The pattern of drug abuse follows. Early Phase: In this phase, the person is preoccupied with thoughts of drugs. He or she is always thinking about “when to take drugs” and “how to buy drugs.” When anyone talks about drugs, the addict feels guilty and moves away. The addict does many things while under the influence of drugs. Later he or she forgets all that was done under the influence of drugs. Middle Phase: The addict keeps giving reasons for taking drugs or lies to defend himself or herself and to hide the habit. The addict may stop taking drugs for a period of time thinking it is not difficult to give up the habit. Chronic Phase: The addict keeps stocks of drugs because he is afraid to be without them. He or she does not care anymore about what others think when it comes to his or her drug use. He or she experiences severe withdrawal symptoms. Violence, quarreling, and unpleasantness become a regular feature of his or her life. The drug addict becomes a loner.
pelanggaran penjualan baju branded palsu di shopee
Authors: putri maria
Published: November 2022

Di era digital saat ini perkembangan internet membuat transaksi jual beli secara online melalui aplikasi shopee. Kemungkinan juga akan menimbulkan masalah karena harga yang dicantumkan sangat murah pada aplikasi shopee. Para coustomer membeli dan memesan barang melalui aplikasi shopee tanpa mengetahui barang tersebut ORI atau palsuBanyak customer yang tertarik dengan harga yang ditawarkan dengan barang kualitas bagus. Namun setelah memesan barang tersebut, barang tersebut tiba dan pemakaian barang tersebut tidak bertahan lama karena barang tersebut palsu. Salah satunya yaitu baju branded palsu . banyak digemari di kalangan muda. Harga bajupun jika di di lihat di toko yang memiliki label original relative mahal dibandingkan dengan tokoh yang tidak memiliki label original di shopee. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana perbandingan antara penjual di shopee toko berlabel original dan tidak memiliki label original penjual gitar serta dampak bagi konsumen.
PELANGGARAN PENJUALAN BARANG ILEGAL GITAR PALSU DI SHOPPE
Authors: Elvianti Ketrin
Published: November 2022

Perkembangan internet saat ini berkembang sangat pesat. Di Indonesia mulai berkembang istilah perbuatan yang disebut transaksi jual beli secara online melalui aplikasi shoppe. Ada kemungkinan itu akan terjadi menimbulkan masalah karena harga yang dicantumkan sangat murah. Para konsumen membeli dan memesan barang melalui aplikasi shoppe tanpa mengetahui barang tersebut asli atau palsu,peredaran penjualan gitar palsu ini merupakan hal biasa bagi para customer yang ingin memiliki gitar dengan harga yang lebih murah dari harga aslinya. Dalam penggunaan E-commerce khususnya shoppe memegang peranan sangat penting pada zaman yang serba digital seperti sekarang ini, hampir semua orang beralih menggunakan aplikasi berbasis digital untuk mempermudah segala kegiatan. Contohnya berbelanja online untuk membeli semua kebutuhan sehari-sehari yang di perlukan di E-Commerce shoppe. Dengan adanya aktivitas belanja berbasis di gital membuat masyarakat semakin banyak menggunakan aplikasi berbasis digital ini dan semakin berkurang yang melakukan aktivitas secara langsung contohnya ketika masyarakat ingin berbelanja kebanyakan melalui aplikasi shopee karena di anggap lebih mudah dan praktis. Banyak konsumen yang tergiur dengan harga yang ditawarkan dengan iming-iming barang kualitas bagus. Namun setelah memesan barang tersebut dan tiba pemakaian barang tersebut tidak bertahan lama karena barang tersebut palsu. Salah satunya yaitu gitar, gitar banyak digemari di kalangan muda. Harga gitar pun jika di survei di toko yang memiliki label original relative mahal dibandingkan dengan took yang tidak memiliki label original di shopee. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana perbandingan antara penjual di shopee toko berlabel original dan tidak memiliki label original penjual gitar serta dampak bagi konsumen.
Upaya Mengatasi dan Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak
Authors: Fahriani Fifi Zulfa
Published: November 2022

Maraknya pemberitaan di media massa mengenai kekerasan seksual terhadap anak cukup membuat masyarakat terkejut. Kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak masih menjadi fenomena gunung es. Hal ini disebabkan kebanyakan anak yang menjadi korban kekerasan seksual enggan melapor. Karena itu, sebagai orang tua harus dapat mengenali tanda-tanda anak yang mengalami kekerasan seksual. Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak akan berdampak panjang, di samping berdampak pada masalah kesehatan di kemudian hari, juga berkaitan dengan trauma yang berkepanjangan, bahkan hingga dewasa. Dampak trauma akibat kekerasan seksual yang dialami oleh anak-anak, antara lain: pengkhianatan atau hilangnya kepercayaan anak terhadap orang dewasa (betrayal); trauma secara seksual (traumatic sexualization); merasa tidak berdaya (powerlessness); dan stigma (stigmatization). Secara fisik memang mungkin tidak ada hal yang harus dipermasalahkan pada anak yang menjadi korban kekerasan seksual, tapi secara psikis bisa menimbulkan ketagihan, trauma, bahkan pelampiasan dendam. Bila tidak ditangani serius, kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dapat menimbulkan dampak sosial yang luas di masyarakat. Penanganan dan penyembuhan trauma psikis akibat kekerasan seksual haruslah mendapat perhatian besar dari semua pihak yang terkait, seperti keluarga, masyarakat maupun negara. Oleh karena itu, didalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak perlu adanya pendekatan sistem, yang meliputi sistem kesejahteraan sosial bagi anak-anak dan keluarga, sistem peradilan yang sesuai dengan standar internasional, dan mekanisme untuk mendorong perilaku yang tepat dalam masyarakat.
Computer science and technology : historiography VII (9)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: November 2022

Ted Nelson and hypertext, Cult of the Dead Cow FBI file etc.
Pengaruh Digital Terhadap Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa
Authors: Fahriani Fifi Zulfa
Published: November 2022

Teknologi merupakan salah satu alat atau sarana yang menjadi kebutuhan manusia dalam memperoleh informasi dan pengetahuan. Informasi dan pengetahuan yang didapatkan menjadi suatu manfaat dari teknologi. Seiring berjalannya waktu, teknologi akan semakin berkembang dan secara tidak langsung manusia pun diharuskan untuk memahami semua hal tentang teknologi. Adanya perkembangan teknologi pun memiliki dampak atau pengaruh dalam berbagai hal, baik dampak positif maupun negatif dalam persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh banyak informasi terkait teknologi di zaman modern ini.
ANALISIS BISNIS PENJUALAN ILEGAL CELANA PALSU DI SHOPEE
Authors: amrin supratman
Published: November 2022

Pada era globalisasi saat ini banyak sekali penjual online yang menjual celana bermerek tetapi palsu, situasi ini merupakan hal lumrah bagi para konsumen yang ingin memiliki celana bermerek dengan harga yang lebih murah, peredaran celana tidak original ini ditemukan di salah satu e-commerce yaitu Shopee. Jumlah celana yang ditawarkan cukup bervariasi karena memiliki beberapa merek terkenal yang memudahkan konsumen untuk mencari celana yang mereka inginkan dan juga harganya yang relatif sangat murah mulai dari 100,000. Metode merupakan cara ilmiah untuk mendapatkan data dengan tujuan dan kegunaan tertentu, metode penelitian merupakan cara yang sistematis untuk Menyusun kerangka ilmu pengetahuan. Metode yang digunakan untuk proses pengumpulan data dalam pembuatan jurnal ini adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian deskriptif adalah suatu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi atau gambaran mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki. Dalam penggunaan E-Commerce khususnya Shopee memegang peranan sangan penting pada zaman yang serba digital seperti sekarang ini, hampir semua orang sudah beralih menggunakan aplikasi berbasis digital untuk mempermudah segala kegiatan contohnya berbelanja online untuk membeli semua kebutuhan yang diperlukan di E-commerce Shopee. Pada jaman sekarang masyarakat sudah mulai beralih menggunakan dan mengatur segala aktivitasnya dengan cara digital (online). Sudah semakin berkurang masyarakat yang melakukan beberapa kegiatan secara langsung contohnya berbelanja ke pasar atau sebuah toko, tapi dengan adanya kecanggihan dari teknologi saat ini masyarakat sudah beralih memanfaatkannya karena lebih mudah dan praktis seperti berbelanja di E-Commerce Shopee, disana para pelanggan dapat melakukan berbagai transaksi mulai dari membeli makanan, pulsa, membayar hutang, membeli segala keperluan sehari-hari dan masih banyak lagi.
RANCANG BANGUN GENERATOR AKSIAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MAGNET PERMANEN NdFeB PERSEGI PANJANG
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri
Published: November 2022

Axial generators or Permanent Magnet Axial Flux (AFPM) are low-speed generators commonly used in Wind Power Plants (WPP). This generator has the rotor and stator position perpendicular to its axis. The rotor has permanent magnets, and the stator has copper wire coils. The purpose of this study was to analyse the output voltage characteristics of an axial generator using a permanent magnet of the Neodymium Ferrite Boron (NdFeB) type was arranged in layers. The method used is to design, manufacture, and measure the output of an axial generator with no load and load. Based on the research results, a no-load generator with a four-layer magnetic rotor produces the highest output voltage of 3.06 – 10.77 Volts at a rotor rotation speed of 360 rpm – 1328 rpm. Meanwhile, under conditions of 5 W DC lamp, the rotational speed of the rotor decreases between 355 – 1335 rpm, the output voltage is between 2.85 –5.86 Volts.
Sensitive windows for within- and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences
Authors: Tariel-Adam Juliette , Luquet Émilien , Plénet Sandrine
Published: November 2022

Transgenerational plasticity could be an important mechanism for adaptation to variable environments in addition to within-generational plasticity. But its potential for adaptation may be restricted to specific developmental windows that are highly sensitive and responsive to environmental cues. Determining these sensitive windows is essential to understand the temporal dynamic of environmental cue detection, phenotype induction and selection. We examined the sensitive windows of both within- and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. Parental snails were exposed to olfactory cues of their crayfish predator at different exposure windows: embryonic development, early, mid or late post-embryonic development. Behavioural and morphological defences were then assessed in adult parents and offspring. The sensitive window of within-generational plasticity was the embryonic development, the whole post-embryonic development, or a combination of early-life and late development depending on the defence. This showed that early-life periods of development (embryonic and early post-embryonic) are sensitive windows of within-generational plasticity. However, the sensitive window also persisted until late developmental stages for some defences, providing evidence that the early-life is not the only sensitive window as empirical and theoretical studies often state. There were less sensitive windows for transgenerational plasticity: embryonic and/or mid post-embryonic development. Interestingly, the embryonic period was a sensitive window of transgenerational plasticity for a defence only when it was also a sensitive window of within-generational plasticity for that defence. On the opposite, the mid post-embryonic development was a sensitive window specific to transgenerational plasticity. This suggests that transgenerational plasticity, although linked to within-generational plasticity by the embryonic sensitive window, may also be induced via a specific channel, independent of within-generational plasticity induction and expression. Finally, the late developmental window was never a sensitive window of transgenerational plasticity as it was theoretically expected. This result may be explained by the potential long-term reliability of parental cues in our system. It is worth noting that we did not find any sensitive window for some defences, either because none of them induced the defence or all exposure windows induced the defence in a similar magnitude. Overall, the developmental window of cue exposure shapes within- and trans-generational responses and thus brings complexity to the study of phenotypic plasticity, notably when it comes to determining its adaptive potential.
Comparison of Axial Magnetic Gears Based on Magnetic Composition Topology Differences
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a design and implementation of an axial type magnetic gear (MG)based on the composition of the magnetic arrangement. We report a quantitative comparison of twoMG topologies with rectangular magnets arranged in series and parallel. Increased magnetic fluxis done through magnetic circuit analysis and electrical circuit approach. Testing is done by usingthe rotation of a DC motor drive from 300–2600 rpm with a DC generator under load conditions.Measurement of load current and generator output power for both axial MG topologies are taken andanalyzed. The results showed that the performance of an axial MG with the rectangular magneticarrangement in parallel is better than that of a series arrangement. Based on the measured loadingcurrent of the two axial MG topologies, at generator rotation between 300–1300 rpm with 100, 200,and 300 W resistance loads show the same load current. Conversely, after a DC generator rotationapproaches 12of the maximum rotation (1300–2600 rpm) there is a significant increase in load currentfluctuations. That is, with an increase of load currents occurring, the parallel magnetic topologyshows an increase in load torque due to an increase of magnetic flux in the gear train magnets ofthe MG.
Jual Beli Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor Tanpa Kendaraan Pada Aplikasi Shopee
Authors: jelahun Gabrielo febrilliant
Published: November 2022

Studi ini bertujuan ini untuk menganalisis keabsahan perjanjian jual beli Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor pada aplikasi Shopee dikaitkan dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak serta menganalisis akibat hukum dari adanya perjanjian jual beli Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor pada aplikasi Shopee yang diharapkan akan menjadi tolak ukur mengenai bagaimana seharusnya diatur mengenai jual beli Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor ini di masa mendatang. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah sumber bahan hukum primer, sumber bahan hukum sekunder dan sumber bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah teknik argumentative serta teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa perjanjian jual beli Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor tanpa disertai kendaraan merupakan perjanjian yang sah sepanjang perjanjian tersebut memenuhi syarat sahnya sebuah perjanjian yang tertuang di dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Akibat hukum dari adanya perjanjian ini yaitu dapat dibatalkan apabila tidak memenuhi syarat subyektif dan batal demi hukum apabila syarat obyektifnya tidak terpenuhi. Dalam perjanjian jual beli BPKB/STNK tanpa kendaraan sudah jelas apabila syarat obyektifnya tidak terpenuhi maka perjanjian tersebut batal demi hukum atau keberadaan perjanjian tersebut sejak awal dianggap tidak ada.
OJK dan Sistem Moneter Islam
Authors: Arief A. Anggie Zabrina
Published: November 2022

Otoritas moneter adalah suatu entitas yang memiliki wewenang untuk mengendalikan jumlah uang yang beredar pada suatu negara dan memiliki hak untuk menetapkan suku bunga dan parameter lainnya yang menentukan biaya dan persediaan uang. Sejak dikeluarkannya UU Bank Indonesia tahun 1999, Bank Indonesia telah diberi amanah sebagai otoritas moneter yang dapat menjalankan kebijakan moneter konvensional maupun syariah.
Characteristics and Performance of an AFPM Generator Design Using Coin-Shaped NdFeB Magnets
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri , Syam Nursalim
Published: November 2022

This experimental study examines the characteristics and performance of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) generator using a 3 x 25mm neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) coin-shaped magnet. Coin magnets have high flux and are easily available in the market. In the installation, the magnets are mounted in layers on the rotor disc made of acrylic as a substitute for iron material. The goal is to reduce magnetic reluctance and eddy current losses, which impact increasing the magnetic flux and generator output voltage. The method used is experimental testing by measuring the generator output voltage without load and load. The results showed that the performance of the AFPM generator with four layers of coin magnets could increase the output voltage of the generator. In addition, testing the output voltage with variations of the stator coil is also carried out. In testing the generator with four layers of coin magnets, the output voltages are 4.88 Volts (43 turns), 6.1 Volts (86 turns), and 16.76 Volts (172 turns).
Experimental Study of The Design of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator Using Layers of Rectangular NDFEB Magnet for Small Wind Power Applications
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the design and manufacturing process of axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generators using rectangularneodymium ferrite boron (NdFeB) magnets are described to reduce magnet costs. Experimental studies are carried out bymeasuring the output voltage based on the design that has been made. The process of making a generator is made by varyingthe magnetic bars parallel and layered. Emphasis is placed on using commercially available rectangular magnetic teeth withsimple techniques to achieve lower costs, while the fabrication steps in the manufacturing process are described in moredetail. The design and prototype of the built AFPM generator are laboratories tested. The experimental study resultsobtained by the number of stator windings as many as 324 turns with an arrangement of 4 rectangular magnetic layersobtained an output voltage of 13.1 Volt at 1400 rpm. In addition, the structure of the generator design is simple and easyto manufacture and is suitable for rural applications for small-scale energy turbine applications.
SISTEM PEMANAS INDUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOLENOID COIL DAN MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri
Published: November 2022

Pemanas induksi memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kumparan induksi, di ameter kumparan, benda kerja, dan beban yang dipanaskan. Ketiga faktor ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik pemanas yang dibuat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh kinerja pemanas terhadap perubahan diameter dan jumlah lilitan kumparan induksinya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental, dengan membuat sistem pemanas induksi dan melakukan pengujian terhadap pemanas yang telah dibuat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengujian suhu 1000C tanpa beban terhadap waktu pemanasan adalah 1,32 menit pada diameter benda kerja 7 cm dengan 7 lilitan. Ini adalah waktu tersingkat dibanding dengan diamater 7 cm dengan 12 lilitan yakni 2,22 menit. Selanjutnya, pada pengujian dengan beban terhadap waktu, dengan volume air 231mL diperoleh waktu pemanasan 2,79 4 menit. Selain itu, energi terkecil yang digunakan dalam waktu yang singkat ini adalah 83,89 kJ.
SISTEM KEUANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Halim Ismail
Published: November 2022

Resume singkat terkait penerapan sistem keuangan islam di indonesia bahkan dunia.
Effect of Hybrid Resources on Management Outcomes Micro-Hydro Power Plants in Remote Areas
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Naim Muhammad Yusan
Published: November 2022

The effect of developing hybrid resources on the management outcomes of microhydropowerplants in remote areas has been studied and analyzed. The hybrid resourceis a combination of two energy sources, such as water and solar energy, that operatetogether in meeting the needs of electrical power in Ambava Village, Tinondo Subdistrict,East-Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study has used amanagement model describing the relationship and influence of latent variables and theirmanifestation variables. Here, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) based Common-Pool-Resources (CPR) is the proper method of testing the structural model used. Theresults show that the Critics-Ratio (CR) and Standard Loading Factor (SLF) have fulfilledthe expected value. The direct influence of the variable exogenous hybrid resources tothe endogenous variable outcome of 0.213 has fulfilled the Gold of Fit criteria. Then, thedirect impact of the most dominant latent variable is the operating dimension of theresource. At the same time, the indirect effect on the manifest variable is the increase inelectricity reserve. Furthermore, the most dominant indirect impact of the hybridresources latent variable is the benefit and cost dimensions, while the most dominantmanifest variable is people's welfare savings.
No Evidence for Consistent Reliability Across 36 Variations of the Emotional Dot Probe Task in 9,000 participants
Authors: Xu Irene , Passell Eliza , Strong Roger W. , Grinspoon Liz , Wu Christina Y , Jung Laneé , Wilmer Jeremy Bennet , Germine Laura
Published: November 2022

The emotional dot probe task is a widely used measure of attentional bias to threat. Recent work suggests, however, that the emotional dot probe task may not be appropriate for measuring such attentional biases due to poor reliability. In the current study, we tested thirty-six versions of the emotional dot probe task that varied in stimuli (faces, scenes, snakes/spiders), timing (stimulus onset asynchrony of 100, 500, 900 milliseconds), stimulus orientation (horizontal, vertical), and comparison condition (e.g., threat incongruent vs. neutral cues only). Across two studies and 9,600 participants, split-half reliabilities were low or zero for all versions. Only one version had reproducible nonzero reliability despite our reliance on liberal significance thresholds (ρ = 0.23, p < 0.05). Reliability was similarly poor in anxious participants (based on GAD-7 or Brief Hypervigilance Scale). We conclude that the emotional dot probe task is not an adequately reliable measure of attentional bias to threat.
How pre-processing decisions affect the reliability and validity of the Approach-Avoidance Task: Evidence from simulations and multiverse analyses with six datasets
Authors: Kahveci Sercan , Rinck Mike , van Alebeek Hannah , Blechert Jens
Published: November 2022

Reaction time (RT) data are often pre-processed before analysis by rejecting outliers and errors and aggregating the data. In stimulus-response compatibility paradigms such as the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), researchers often decide how to pre-process the data without an empirical basis, leading to the use of methods that may hurt rather than help data quality. To provide this empirical basis, we investigated how different pre-processing methods affect the reliability and validity of this task. Our literature review revealed 108 different pre-processing pipelines among 163 examined studies. Using simulated and real datasets, we found that validity and reliability were negatively affected by retaining error trials, by replacing error RTs with the mean RT plus a penalty, by retaining outliers, and by removing the highest and lowest sample-wide RT percentiles as outliers. We recommend removing error trials and rejecting RTs deviating more than 2 or 3 SDs from the participant mean. Bias scores were more reliable but not more valid if computed with means or D-scores rather than with medians. Bias scores were less accurate if based on averaging multiple conditions together, as with compatibility scores, rather being than based on separate averages per condition, as with double-difference scores. We call upon the field to drop the suboptimal practices to improve the psychometric properties of the AAT. We also call for similar investigations in related RT-based cognitive bias measures such as the implicit association task, as their commonly accepted pre-processing practices currently involve many of the aforementioned discouraged methods.
Cognitive map formation in the blind is enhanced by three-dimensional tactile information
Authors: Bleau Maxime , van Acker Camille , Nemargut Joseph P. , Ptito Maurice
Published: November 2022

For blind individuals, tactile maps are useful tools to form cognitive maps through touch. However, they still experience challenges in cognitive map formation and independent navigation. Three-dimensional (3D) tactile information is thus increasingly being considered to convey enriched spatial information, but it remains unclear if it can facilitate cognitive map formation compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) tactile information. Consequently, the present study investigated the impact of the type of sensory input (tactile vs. visual) on cognitive map formation. To do so, early blind (EB, n=13), late blind (LB, n=12), and sighted (SC, n=14) participants were tasked to learn the layouts of mazes produced with different sensory information (visual vs. tactile 2D vs. tactile 3D) and to infer routes from memory. Results show that EB only manifested stronger cognitive map formation with 3D mazes. LB performed equally well with 2D and 3D mazes, and SC manifested equivalent cognitive map formation with visual and 3D tactile mazes. 3D tactile maps therefore have the potential to improve spatial learning for EB and newly blind individuals through a reduction of cognitive overload. Installation of 3D tactile maps in public spaces should be considered to promote universal accessibility and reduce blind individuals’ wayfinding deficits related to the inaccessibility of spatial information through non-visual means.
Beauty isn't special: Comparing the information capacity of beauty and other sensory judgments
Authors: Pombo Maria , Pelli Denis G.
Published: November 2022

In one of the most influential papers in psychology, Miller (1956) found that classifying a stimulus into one of 8 or more categories of the attribute transmits roughly 2.6 bits of information. That corresponds to 7 ± 2 categories. This number is both remarkably small and highly conserved across attributes and sensory modalities. This appears to be a signature of one-dimensional perceptual judgment. We wondered whether beauty can break this limit. Beauty judgments matter and play a key role in many of our real-life decisions, large and small. Mutual information is how much information about one variable can be obtained from observing another. We measured the mutual information of 50 participants’ beauty ratings of everyday images. The mutual information saturated at 2.3 bits. The 2.3 bits conveyed by beauty judgment are close to Miller’s 2.6 bits of unidimensional perceptual judgment and far less than the 5 to 14 bits of a multidimensional perceptual judgment. By this measure, beauty judgment acts like a sensory judgment, such as rating pitch, hue, or loudness.
The Effects of the 2020 BLM Protests on Racial Bias in the United States
Authors: Primbs Maximilian , Holland Rob , Oude Maatman Freek , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Faure Ruddy , Bijlstra Gijsbert
Published: November 2022

The 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in response to the murder of George Floyd highlighted the lingering structural inequalities faced by Black people in the United States. In the present research, we investigated whether these protests led to reduced implicit and explicit racial bias among White US Americans. Combining data from Project Implicit, ACLED, Google Trends and the American Community survey, we observed rapid drops in implicit and explicit measures of racial bias after the onset of the protests. However, both types of racial bias slowly increased again over time as (attention to) BLM faded. We use directed acyclic graphs to show under which assumptions causal inferences are warranted. We discuss our results in light of situational models of bias, their implications for protest movements, and raise questions about when and how social norms play a role in large-scale attitude change.
Nigeria's Emerging Esports Industry: Uncovering Factors, Limitations, and Pathways to Sustainable Growth
Authors: Iyinolakan Olayinka
Published: November 2022

As the Internet and digital tools become more accessible, video gaming enthusiasts are emerging worldwide. eSports refers to competitive video game competitions involving professional players utilising acquired skills to win. With an estimated 46.5 million gamers, Nigeria generated US$184.6 million in revenue from eSports and gaming, but less revenue than South Africa, with fewer players. The study, therefore, explored the Nigerian eSports landscape and the factors limiting this burgeoning industry using mixed methods for data collection among 390 young gamers surveyed and four eSports entrepreneurs interviewed. Using the uses and gratifications and media economics theories, the findings revealed that young Nigerians are participating and earning a living from video gaming across virtual and physical arenas in Nigeria. Other young Nigerians are enthusiastic about eSports; however, the industry requires an infrastructural, policy, technical and visibility drive towards actualisation. I recommend that actionable steps should be beyond immediate revenue generation but to deepen the development of eSports in Nigeria towards sustainable socioeconomic development.
Manejo anestésico en histerotomía más corrección intrauterina de espina bífida abierta o mielomeningocele
Authors: Pinto Quiñones Isaias , Diaz Vergara Fernando , Mesa Oliveros Anderson , Valero Puentes Laura
Published: November 2022

La correcta puesta en marcha de la anestesia pediátrica y obstétrica es determinante para óptimos desenlaces en el manejo quirúrgico de las mujeres que durante su embarazo han presentado diagnóstico de mielomeningocele fetal (MMC). El objeto de realizar la resolución de ésta entidad antes del nacimiento se basa en menor requerimiento de derivaciones ventrículo peritoneal y mejoría en la función motora de los miembros inferiores. Dentro de las variables que representa este reto quirúrgico se encuentra la morbilidad materna, dehiscencia de histerorrafia, ruptura uterina secundaria a histerotomía y los consiguientes partos al actual por cesárea. La presente es una revisión no sistemática de la literatura acerca del manejo anestésico para el binomio madre-producto con MMC y con ello socializar al servicio de anestesiología la mejor estrategia en el manejo perioperatorio de estos pacientes.
Reservation in India: Social Justice or Political Agenda?
Authors: Das Shweta Kumari , Das Nikita Kumari
Published: November 2022

With more than 3000 castes and all the major religious groups of the world, India is certainly a personification of religious and cultural diversity. The Constitution makers were very well aware of the fact that this diversity entails a form of segmental equality owing to which the idea of compensatory discrimination was included in the constitution. Therefore, through Article 16(4) and 46, reservation in matters of public education and employment were provided for the upliftment of the backward and deprived classes, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). However, politicians have increasingly used this instrument of social justice to divide groups for “vote bank” politics. The routine extension of the reservation quotas through amendments and the inclusion of new groups like Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) represents the increasing politicization of caste in politics at the cost of social justice.

The motive of this paper is to question whether reservation has become a political agenda rather than an instrument of social justice as well as to give an insight on how the policy has been misused for political gains. With an amalgamation of facts and unique analysis, it also sheds light on the attempts of privileged groups like the Jats in Haryana to demand reservation thereby showcasing how the true meaning of reservation has been eroded in India political scenario.
The Effect of Adding Activated Sludge and Types of Series Circuit Systems Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Using Chinese Food Restaurant Wastewater
Authors: Jaya Danang , Widayati Tunjung Wahyu , Nugroho Singgih Adi , Ellysa Firda
Published: November 2022

Electricity consumption expands every year. However, in Indonesia, electricity is still highly dependent on conventional energy sources such as coal. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the alternative inventions that consists of a series of tools which converts chemical energy into electrical energy in the presence of microbial metabolism. In addition to produce electrical energy, it may also help to solve environmental issues by dealing with waste. This research was purposed to investigate the potency of Chinese food restaurant waste as substrate to generate electricity in microbial fuel cell. The research was done in three stages: wastewater preparation, assembly of MFC tools in various circuits, and running MFC processes. Results showed that the best electrical average (1.02 V) was found in the treatment system without active sludge. The best circuit was in the system in 4 series, which obtained a maximum voltage of 3.76 V and the largest power density of 62.66  mW/m2. In addition, with the addition of active sludge, biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater could be lowered up to 29.27%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 51.58%. Total suspended solid (TSS) could be decreased up to 49% on the sample withoud sludge addition.
Improving Long Term Oxidation Protection for γ-TiAl Substrates
Authors: Bobzin K. , Schläfer T. , Warda T. , Brühl M. , Linke T. F.
Published: November 2022

In previous work, a thermal spray multilayer system consisting of ZrO2 and an MCrAlY top coat showed promising results regarding oxidation behavior of the γ-TiAl substrates tested, which encouraged further research activities. Diffusion of substrate material was successfully inhibited by a ceramic ZrO2 coating. A building up of a dense and stable oxide layer could be achieved by additional application of an MCrAlY top coat, leading to improved oxidation resistance and thus showing feasibility. In this work the main focus for development was put on enhancing adhesion and lowering residual stresses of the coatings in order to allow long term and cyclic testing without delamination taking place. Being a very brittle material, Gamma Titanium Aluminides require special surface treatment to enable roughening which is crucial for a strong mechanical bond between substrate and coating. Alternatives to conventional grit blasting as a standard preparation method were investigated. These were micro-abrasive blasting and blasting at elevated temperature (≈300-550 °C) to allow a more ductile behavior. The paper will highlight the implications by means of these measures and will also show the present development status of the multilayer system.
Thermal Spray Technology Trends in the Steel Industry from the Viewpoint of Patent Applications in Japan
Authors: Namba Y. , Tani K.
Published: November 2022

Trends of thermal spraying technology in Japanese steel industry is summarized by investigating the patent applications filed in Japan Patent Office in the past 20 years from FY1990 to FY2009. The total number of patents filed in 8 Patent Offices (Japan, United States, Europe, China, Korea, Russia, Brazil and India), retrieved by the International Patent Classification symbol C23C4/00 (IPC index key: Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state ), is 15,082. The ratio of patent applications filed in each Patent Office is as follows: JP (39%), US (22%), EP (17%), CN (9%), KR (6%), RU (3%), BR (3%) and IN (1%). The database used in this study is from commercially available “PatBase”. Number of patent applications of thermal spray technology (C23C4/00) in Japan is 4,369. Among these patents, the ratio of patents related to steel industry filed by major Japanese steel companies is 13% of total patents of every industrial segment in Japan. These patents are classified according to (1) coating applications in the process of steel production lines, (2) performances and effects obtained by coatings, .and (3) coating materials. In this paper, current status and future trend of thermal spray technology in Japanese steel industry is discussed.
Tribological Behaviour of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Coatings for Hot Extrusion Tools
Authors: Erne M. , Kolar D. , Möhwald K. , Bach Fr.-W.
Published: November 2022

Up to now no coating systems are marketable in the field of direct hot extrusion, which provide both surface protection of the parts being in contact to the billet (i.e. container and die), and a significant reduction of the frictional losses being induced by the billet passing along the container walls. To dispense the use of lubricants and to enhance the usable forming capacity of the process, different oxide ceramics were given in one suspension and plasma sprayed. The aim is to reach a mixing of the feedstock to obtain deterministic solid solutions of the oxide phases which show a reduction of their coefficient of friction under dry sliding conditions. To reach this goal the high surface-to-volume ratio of feedstock with primary particle sizes below 100 nm was used. By means of X-ray diffraction it could be proven, that the desired phases could be synthesized. The coatings showed a considerable lowering of their frictional coefficient in tribological testings against 100Cr6 in the region of the operation temperatures for the hot extrusion of aluminium alloys. Besides the experimental work the fundamentals of the mixing process of different oxides regarding crystallographic aspects are discussed.
Build-Up Resistance of HVOF Thermal Sprayed NiCrAlY-Y2O3 Cermet Coatings
Authors: Yu C.-S. , Huang T.-S. , Huang J.-Y. , Tseng M.-J.
Published: November 2022

Agglomerate sintered and blended NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets were prepared from NiCrAlY and Y2O3 powders by two process routes. The particle morphologies and powder characteristics of both cermets feedstock using for thermal spraying were investigated. Both types of NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets and one commercial CoCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets were HVOF thermal sprayed onto the stainless steel substrate to obtain coatings having a thickness about 100 microns. Porosity and thermal shock resistance of coatings were examined. Four thermal sprayed coatings were comparatively evaluated build-up resistance by contacting reaction with MnO, Fe3O4 powders and manganese bearing carbon steel statically at high temperatures. The agglomerate sintered NiCrAlY-Y2O3 coatings have good resistance to manganese oxide build-up but bad resistance to iron oxide build-up. The agglomerate sintered cermets coating has better build-up resistance than blended cermets coating.
Modeling of Peening Stress in HVOF Sprayed IN718 Coating
Authors: Lyphout C. , Nylén P. , Persson C.
Published: November 2022

Within Surface and Coating Technologies, the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process generates significant peening stresses due to the impact at high velocity of semi molten particles onto the substrate. The level of high kinetic and thermal energy of impinging particles is a key-parameter to understand how residual stresses build up through the whole system during spraying, and to which extend these stresses influence the resulting coating adhesion strength. While an appropriate combination of thermal and peening stresses is beneficial to the deposit bonding, no systematic study has been carried out to determine their respective amplitudes. A numerical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been developed to isolate peening stresses from thermal stresses developed into the substrate target, after successive impacts of single particle. The investigation is performed on Inconel 718 feedstock material HVOF sprayed on Inconel 718 substrate. The relationship between the developed stress state at the substrate interface and the impinging particle temperature and velocity is given a particular interest.
Splat Formation Mechanism in Thermal Spray Process According to Substrate Temperature and Ambient Pressure Change
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Yang K. , Ebisuno Y. , Yoshida S. , Yamada M. , Yasui T.
Published: November 2022

Aiming at clarifying the individual splat formation mechanism in thermal spray process, commercially available metallic powders were thermally sprayed onto AISI304 substrate surface. The splats changed from a distorted shape with splash to a disk-shaped splat in flattening after collision onto substrate surface, through substrate preheating and/or reducing the ambient pressure. Accordingly, both substrate temperature and ambient pressure have an equivalent effect on the shape transition. The observation on the bottom surface morphology of single splat indicated that the ring-shaped initial solidification might play an important role during splat formation process. As a simulation of the real thermal spray process, free falling experiment has been conducted. The thermal history of the free falling metal droplet onto AISI304 substrate indicated that the flattening pattern is decided so quicky just after collision onto solid surface, which is enough earlier to the finalization of the flattening.
Heat-Treatment Induced Microstructural Evolution of TiC-Based Hardmetal Coatings
Authors: Matthews S. , Fendt J. , Hyland M. , Berger L.-M.
Published: November 2022

Considerable effort has been made to translate the beneficial properties of bulk Ti(C,N)-based hardmetals to wear resistant thermal spray coatings. Such efforts have focused primarily on as-sprayed coatings. However, past work has shown that hardmetal coatings can undergo significant changes when operated at elevated temperature for extended periods. This work characterised the microstructural changes in a HVOF sprayed (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Ni coating treated in air at 700°C for up to 30 days. The microstructural development of the carbonitride phase was very subtle. Image analysis indicated that the Mo-rich rim phase underwent the greatest degree of dissolution during spraying and precipitation with heat treatment. Dissolution of the carbonitride phases during spraying led to significant alloying of the Ni binder. Rapid recovery of the Ni binder composition occurred after one day of treatment, but it retained a higher steady state degree of alloying relative to the starting powder.
Influences of Process and Material Morphology on the Case of Carbide Coatings
Authors: Barth A. , Chen D. , Dambra C. , Girgulis J.
Published: November 2022

Wear and corrosion protection are the main applications for carbide cermet coatings which are most commonly applied by HVOF in the field of thermal spray technology. The TriplexPro-200 offers to produce carbide coatings economically and at an outstanding quality level. The influence of spray parameters, material composition and morphology was investigated and put into comparison to the established HVOF process. Two spray parameters for the TriplexPro-200 were used: standard setup in which the particle velocities around 200 – 280 m/s and the high-velocity setup reaching particle velocities above 550 m/s. Materials with different morphologies were tested showing influences on coating structure and residual stress. The material compositions are WC-Co and WC-CoCr as they are widely used in wear and corrosion resistance. Coatings sprayed with the standard setup of the TriplexPro-200 show coating qualities beyond single cathode APS systems and at higher deposition efficiency and feed rate. In the high velocity operation window the coatings become HVOF-like with hardness values up to 1200 HV 0.3 and very low porosity level. The measurement of the residual stress shows that compressive stress can be achieved using the TriplexPro- 200 technology.
Mechanical Properties of WC-Co Coatings Prepared by Cold and Warm Spray Processes
Authors: Kitamura J. , Sato K. , Watanabe M. , Chivavibul P. , Komatsu M. , Sakaki K. , Kuroda S.
Published: November 2022

Mechanical properties of WC-Co coatings prepared by cold spraying (CS) and warm spraying (WS) have been studied with changing material parameters of Co content (12~25%), powder size (-45+15 and -20+5 µm) and WC particle size (0.2 and 1.8 µm) in this paper. The study reveals that a formation of undesirable phases such as W2C, W, and amorphous or nanocrystalline Co-W-C (eta) phase has been suppressed in the CS and WS coatings. Both coatings have high hardness, which is comparable to or superior to HVOF coatings as well as higher density (low porosity) than the HVOF. Abrasion wear test has shown that WS coatings has higher resistance than CS coatings within this study. As for powder properties, smaller powder and smaller WC particle sizes are effective to produce hard and dense coatings leading to higher wear resistance.