bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbidity profile and pharmaceutical management of adult outpatients between primary and tertiary care levels in Sri Lanka: A dual-centre, comparative study
Authors: Alwis Inosha , Rajapaksha Buwanaka , Jayasanka Chanuka , Dharmaratne Samath D
Published: December 2023

Background
Outpatient care is central to both primary and tertiary levels in a health system. However, evidence is limited on outpatient differences between these levels, especially in South Asia. This study aimed to describe and compare the morbidity profile (presenting morbidities, comorbidities, multimorbidity) and pharmaceutical management (patterns, indicators) of adult outpatients between a primary and tertiary care outpatient department (OPD) in Sri Lanka.
Methods
A comparative study was conducted by recruiting 737 adult outpatients visiting Divisional Hospital Katugastota (primary care) and National Hospital Kandy (tertiary care). A self-administered questionnaire and a data sheet were used to collect outpatient and prescription data. Following standard categorisations, Chi-square tests and Mann‒Whitney U tests were used for comparisons.
Results
Outpatient cohorts were predominated by females and middle-aged individuals. The median duration of presenting symptoms was higher in tertiary care OPD (10 days, interquartile range: 52) than in primary care (3 days, interquartile range: 12). The most common systemic complaint in primary care OPD was respiratory symptoms (32.4%), whereas it was dermatological symptoms (30.2%) in tertiary care. The self-reported prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) was 37.9% (95% CI: 33.2–42.8) in tertiary care OPD and 33.2% (95% CI: 28.5–38.3) in primary care; individual differences were significant only for diabetes (19.7% vs. 12.8%). The multimorbidity in tertiary care OPD was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.3–23.1), while it was 15.9% (95% CI: 12.4–20.0) in primary care. The average number of medicines per encounter at primary care OPD (3.86, 95% CI: 3.73–3.99) was higher than that at tertiary care (3.47, 95% CI: 3.31–3.63). Prescribing corticosteroids (62.7%), vitamin supplements (45.8%), antiallergic (55.3%) and antiasthmatic (31.3%) drugs was higher in the primary care OPD, and the two former drugs did not match the morbidity profile. The proportion of antibiotics encountered did not differ significantly between OPDs.
Conclusions
The morbidities between primary and tertiary care OPDs differed in duration and type but not in terms of multimorbidity or most comorbidities. Pharmaceutical management also varied in terms of medicines per encounter and prescribed categories. This evidence supports planning in health and provides directions for future research in primary care.
Microstructure and mechanical characterization of diffusion bonded CoCrCuFeNi HEA/TC4 joints using a Ni interlayer
Authors: Li Juan , Yin Rong , Zhao Honglong , Qin Qindong , Luo Shaomin , Zhou Nian
Published: December 2023

Aimed at the weak connection strength of CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA)/TC4 welding joint, Ni foil was selected as an intermedia layer for CoCrCuFeNi HEA/TC4 diffusion bonding, and sound joints were achieved. Concurrently, an investigation was conducted on the customary microstructure, the impact of temperature on both the microstructure and properties, as well as the interfacial formation mechanism of the joints. The results indicated that the CoCrCuFeNi HEA/TC4 diffusion bonded joint, with a Ni intermediate layer, exhibits a characteristic microstructure. This microstructure consists of several distinct layers, namely the HEA diffusion layer, Ni(s,s) solid solution layer, TiNi3 layer, TiNi layer, Ti2Ni layer, and TC4 diffusion layer. The formation of the interfacial layers primarily occurred through the process of mutual diffusion between elements and the Ni-Ti diffusion reaction. The highest shear strength of 230 MPa is observed in the joint formed at a temperature of 792 ℃. This joint exhibits an interfacial structure characterized by a multilayer composition consisting of 'HEA/HEA diffusion layer/Ni(s,s)/TiNi3/TiNi/TC4 diffusion layer/TC4'. The primary location of fracture initiation is observed within the TiNi3 layer, subsequently propagating through several interfacial layers. When the temperature of diffusion welding exceeds 842 ℃, it results in the formation of a continuous layer of Ti2Ni compound. This compound layer has the effect of reducing the shear strength of the joint. Consequently, the joint is prone to failure at this brittle layer once it is formed.
Associations of a previous diagnosis of cancer and/or cardiovascular disease with current physical activity levels in Korean adults
Authors: An Ki-Yong , Arthuso Fernanda , Allen Spencer , Ntoukas Stephanie , Courneya Kerry
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE: A diagnosis of cancer (CAN) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) may influence physical activity levels; however, no study has examined the independent and combined associations of a CAN and CVD diagnosis with physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of the occurrence, order, and timing of a CAN and/or CVD diagnosis with physical activity in Korean adults.
METHODS: Korean adults, who reported current physical activity and previous CAN and/or CVD diagnosis in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2019, were included in the study. Analysis of covariance and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine associations.
RESULTS: Overall, 29,434 (90.1%) were diagnosed with neither disease, 1,591 (4.9%) with CAN only, 1,493 (4.6%) with CVD only, and 137 (0.4%) with both diseases. Participants diagnosed with CAN only reported more leisure-time and moderate physical activity than those diagnosed with neither disease and CVD only; and more walking than those diagnosed with neither disease, CVD only, and both diseases. Participants diagnosed with CVD only walked less than those diagnosed with neither disease. Participants diagnosed with both diseases reported no vigorous activity and less strength exercise than neither disease and CVD only. Few associations were found for the order and timing of diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults diagnosed with CAN only reported more physical activity than those diagnosed with CVD only, both diseases, and even neither disease. Understanding the differential impact of a disease diagnosis on physical activity may identify potential intervention strategies.
How systemic racism results in poorer outcomes for First Nations, and what First Nations are doing about it: the example of kidney health
Authors: Lavoie Josée G , McLeod Lorraine , Zacharias James , Cook Tannyce , Whitlock Reid
Published: December 2023

Background: End-stage kidney disease continues to disproportionally impact the lives of First Nations patients. Systemic racism is a key determinant, and manifests as differential access to determinants of health (housing, employment, access to care) and differential care. This paper discusses how different models of primary healthcare operating in rural and remote Manitoba communities results in different outcomes for patients identified as being at risk of kidney disease.
Methods: This study is a partnership between researchers from the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba and the University of Manitoba. We used health administrative data held at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy for the period of 2006-2019, linked to the Manitoba First Nations Research File to identify First Nations. Data we used included: Diagnostic Services Manitoba Laboratory Data, Medical Claims, Hospital Discharge Abstracts, Drug Program Information Network Data, Public Canadian Census Files, Manitoba Health Insurance Registry, and Physician Resource File. All records were de-identified.
Results: We identified 12,613 First Nations people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the study period. First Nations individuals with CKD who reside in communities served by Nursing Stations (most remote communities) when supplemented by additional Indigenous programs were consistently more likely to receive follow-up serum creatinine (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30-1.45, p<0.001), urine ACR (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28, p<0.001), serum potassium (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.32-1.49, p<0.001) than individuals who lived in communities' served by Nursing Stations alone, Health Centres, Health Offices, or Off Reserve.
Conclusions: In Canada, when primary healthcare is enhanced by health services determined by First Nations remoteness alone is not a risk factor. Addressing the rise in premature mortality experienced by First Nations from kidney diseases require greater investments in First Nations-centric primary healthcare, that is locally managed. Additionally, off-reserve primary care services must be alerted to their need to better address the needs of First Nations at risk of CKD, with more consistent follow up, referrals, and in providing culturally safe care. Finally, First Nations-led research in kidney health and primary healthcare is leading to significant improvements in outcomes, and needs to be better supported and resourced.
Comparing the effects of metronome walking on long-term attractor divergence of gait dynamics and on correlation structure of stride intervals: a validation study in older people
Authors: Sophia Piergiovanni , Terrier Philippe
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the effects of metronome walking on gait dynamics in older adults, focusing on long-range correlation structures and long-range attractor divergence (assessed by maximum Lyapunov exponents). Sixty older adults participated in indoor walking tests with and without metronome cues. Gait parameters were recorded using two triaxial accelerometers attached to the lumbar region and to the foot. We analyzed logarithmic divergence of lumbar acceleration using Rosenstein's algorithm and scaling exponents for stride intervals from foot accelerometers using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Results indicated a concomitant reduction in long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents during metronome walking, while short-term divergence remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents were significantly correlated. Reliability analysis revealed moderate to good intrasession consistency for long-term divergence exponents, but poor reliability for scaling exponents. Our results suggest that long-term divergence exponents could effectively replace scaling exponents for unsupervised gait quality assessment in older adults. This approach may improve the assessment of attentional involvement in gait control and enhance fall risk assessment.
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic investigation reveals the spatiotemporal specificity of the β-defensin gene family during mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Sun Yuanchao , Guan Minkai , Liu Mengmeng , Sun Shiduo
Published: December 2023

Spermatozoa produced in the testes acquire motility and maturation processes in the epididymis, but little is known about the mechanism of sperm development in the testicular and epididymal environment. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptome sequencing to study the mechanism of mouse spermatogenesis. We investigated the cell compositions of testicular and epididymal tissues and examined their gene expression characteristics. In the epididymis, we found that epididymal epithelial cells display a specific gene expression profile in different regions of the epididymis. Therefore, we divided the entire epididymis into 12 segments according to spot cluster and structural characteristics and investigated their gene expression profiles. Moreover, we investigated the detailed expression characteristics of β-defensin family genes in the mouse epididymis. In addition, we also analyzed the gene expression characteristics and spatial information of stromal cells associated with spermatogenesis, including Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the testis and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in the epididymis. Our study provides a single-cell and spatial landscape to analyze the gene expression characteristics of the testicular and epididymal environments in which spermatogenesis and maturation occur and has important implications for the study of spermatogenesis and maturation.
Network pharmacology approach and experimental verification of salidroside in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Bing , Huang Shiqi , Bai Xuefei , Tian Lele , Wang Yanru , Yang Tao , Feng Longfei , Guo Wenjing , Li Yangyang , Feng Xin , Wang Tao , Guo Huan , Su Haixiang
Published: December 2023

Background
Salidroside (Sal) is a bioactive component extracted from the rhizome of Rhodiola rosea L. Pharmacological studies have shown that Sal has good anti-cancer properties in various cancers, but the exact mechanism is not clear.
Method
This study validated the efficacy and explored the potential mechanisms of Sal in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by integrating network pharmacology analyses and experimental verification. The pharmacological effects and molecular mechanism of Sal on HCC were explored by network pharmacology approach. HepG2 cells were treated with Sal and/or chloroquine diphosphate (CQ). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, inverted microscope (IM) observation, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, various staining were used to detect the condition of autophagy and apoptosis, and the western blotting was used to detect related proteins. Moreover, Sal and/or CQ was also used to treat HCC mice, the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining was used to observe the pathological change of tumor tissue, the immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect the change of related proteins in tumor tissue.
Results
The network pharmacology approach successfully identified that Sal might adjust autophagy flux through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which might affect the occurrence and development of HCC. The in vitro experiments indicated that Sal induced HepG2 cells autophagy and apoptosis. The in vitro and vivo experiments indicated that inhibition of autophagy promoted mitochondrial damage and apoptosis induced by Sal. Moreover, Caspase cascade reactions might be involved in these processes, especially the increased expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-9. Notably, Sal also inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, while CQ promoted the activation of this pathway.
Conclusion
These findings provide important view for the molecular mechanism of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis, and also provide new insights for monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Collaborative governance of an integrated system for collecting contributions for social health insurance, pension, and taxes from the informal sector: A synthesis of stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Muntalima Nelly Claire , Silumbwe Adam , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Mweemba Chris , Hangoma Peter
Published: December 2023

Background
Most low-and middle-income countries have adopted social health insurance schemes. However, the collection of contributions from the large informal sector of these economies poses a significant challenge. Employing an integrated system of contribution collection for all relevant institutions may be cost-effective. This study explores stakeholder perspectives on the collaborative governance of an integrated system for collecting contributions for social health insurance, pension, and taxes from the informal sector in Zambia.
Methods
We undertook a qualitative case study involving 25 key informants drawn from government ministries and institutions, cooperating partners, non-governmental organizations, and association representatives in the informal sector. Data were analyzed thematically using Emerson’s integrative framework for collaborative governance.
Results
The main drivers of collaboration include a need for comprehensive policies and legislation to oversee an integrated system, prevent redundancy, reduce costs, and enhance organizational effectiveness. However, challenges such as leadership issues and coordination complexities were identified. Factors affecting principled engagement within the collaborative regime consist of communication gaps, organizational structure disparities, and a lack of common understanding of the informal sector. Additionally, factors influencing shared motivation involve concerns about power, self-interest, trust issues, corruption, and the varying willingness of informal sector groups to contribute.
Conclusion
This analysis sheds light on the multifaceted landscape of collaborative governance of an integrated system for contribution collection in a low-middle-income setting such as Zambia, providing valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners alike. Enhancing collaboration holds the potential to broaden the scope of social health insurance, a crucial factor in expanding coverage to the large but often excluded informal sector.
The trajectories of CO2 emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks of 30 Chinese provinces
Authors: HU Yongjie , LI Ying , ZHANG Hong , LIU Xiaolin , ZHENG Yixian
Published: December 2023

Global greenhouse gas emissions, a major factor driving climate change, have been increasing since 19th century. STIRPAT and CEVSA models are performed to estimate Chinese provinces-level carbon emission peak and terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks, respectively. Based on the criterion of the growth characteristics and the peak time for the past 23 years, the patterns of energy consumption and CO2 emissions from 30 Chinese provinces are divided into four groups: (i) one-stage increase (5 provinces); (ii) two-stage increase (10 provinces); (iii) maximum around 2013 (13 provinces), and (iv) maximum around 2017 (2 provinces). The anticipated time of peak CO2 emissions for Beijing from the third group is ~ 2025 in both business as usual and high-speed scenarios, for Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region and Zhejiang province from the first and second groups are 2025 ~ 2030, and for Shaanxi province from the fourth group is before 2030, respectively. The inventory-based estimate of China’s terrestrial carbon sink is ~ 266.2 Tg C/a during the past 34 years, offsetting 18.3% of contemporary CO2 emissions. The province-level CO2 emissions, peak emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks estimates shown here significant for those concerned with carbon neutrality in China.
A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints at a site in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Troiano Leonardo P. , Santos Heloísa B. dos , Aureliano Tito , Ghilardi Aline M.
Published: December 2023

The Serrote do Letreiro Site, found on the northwest periphery of the Sousa Basin, Brazil, presents a remarkable convergence of paleontological and archaeological elements. It is constituted of sub-horizontal "lajeiros", or rock outcrops, intermingled with Caatinga vegetation. The two prominent outcrops feature fossilized footprints of theropod, sauropod, and iguanodontid dinosaurs. Adjacent to these dinosaur tracks, indigenous petroglyphs adorn the surface. The petroglyphs, mainly characterized by circular motifs maintain a striking resemblance to other petroglyphs found in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. This study primarily endeavors to delineate the site's major characteristics while concentrating on the relationship between the dinosaur footprints and the petroglyphs. It concurrently assesses the preservation status of this invaluable record, shedding light on its implications for the realms of paleontology, archaeology, and cultural heritage studies.
Risk factors for cervical ipsilateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yang Qiu-hui , Ma Hai-guang , Zhang Xiang-jian , Zhang Xian-bo
Published: December 2023

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, characterized by slow progression, long survival, and low mortality rate. However, the cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) rate of PTC can reach up to 40%, and if the initial treatment is not appropriate, it is easy to relapse.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 118 patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment in our hospitals over the past decade. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the age, gender, tumor position, diameter, and other characteristics of patients were related to CLNM through univariate and multivariate analysis. At the same time, we also analyzed the factors related to skip metastasis in PTC.
Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that CLMN was related to gender, tumor position, calcification, capsular infiltration, tumor diameter, tumor numbers, and lymph nodes of VI zone. Besides, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that CLMN was related to tumor position, calcification, tumor diameter, tumor numbers, and lymph nodes of VI zone. What’s more, we also found that upper polar thyroid tumors are more prone to jumping metastasis.
Conclusion: The study of risk factors for CLNM in PTC will help identify patients who require selective lymph node dissection (SLND). Firstly, patients with primary tumor located in the upper pole of the thyroid gland need to carefully evaluate lymph node in the cervical region. Secondly, for PTC patients with negative preoperative evaluation of cervical lymph nodes, even if the VI area is judged negative during surgery, we still need to consider risk factors such as capsular infiltration, gender, and tumor position to comprehensively determine whether patients need SLND.
­Automated Generation of Covering Array Using Model Checking and Modified Gravitational Search Algorithm
Authors: Esfandyari Sajad , Rafe Vahid , Pira Einollah , Yousofvand liela
Published: December 2023

The widespread usage of combinatorial testing methodologies in software development has necessitated efficient strategies for generating high-quality test suites. Covering Array (CA) has emerged as a significant component of combinatorial testing, offering various types that cater to different testing requirements. Several strategies have been proposed to generate CAs, each with its unique trade-offs in terms of performance and efficiency. However, there remains a lack of a strategy that simultaneously addresses both aspects effectively. Furthermore, manually acquiring software information introduces a higher chance of errors and also poses challenges in terms of the complexity involved in extracting relevant data. To overcome these challenges, this research incorporates the powerful GROOVE model checker to automate the extraction of variables and their interactions within the software. Subsequently, by modifying the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), an optimal test suite is produced with improved efficiency. This paper aims to construct a software model using the GROOVE model checker and leverage its features to extract pertinent software information. The proposed methodology then employs a modified Gravitational Search Algorithm (MGSA) to generate CAs with both uniform and variable strength. Additionally, a mechanism is introduced to expedite search operations within data structures. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, it is implemented within the GROOVE environment, alongside several other meta-heuristic algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is also implemented externally for comparison with existing strategies. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms other strategies in terms of efficiency and performance.
A novel platform for meta-omics analysis. Pilot study on inhaled corticosteroids in asthma patients with side effects
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly , Seitov Meder , Emilov Berik , Iskakov Muskarbek , Osmonov Batyr , Goryanin Igor
Published: December 2023

In this study, we sought to elucidate the microbiome-related etiologies underlying the side effects of inhaled salmeterol We collected fecal samples from 24 individuals, stratified into three cohorts: asthma patients experiencing corticosteroid-induced side effects, asthma patients devoid of such side effects, and healthy controls. These samples underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS), with data processing involving quality control, trimming, and merging of sequences. Taxonomic assignments were made using Kraken2 and Braken. The DeSEQ2 R package facilitated differential abundance analysis of microbial species. Concurrently, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for metabolomic profiling, with peak detection and identification carried out via metaX software. This was supplemented by classification and functional annotation, incorporating databases such as KEGG and HMDB. Integrative analysis using Multi-Omics Factor Analysis (MOFA) and ASAR provided a holistic view on the potential microbial, genetic, and metabolite contributors to the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Subsequent analysis using Global Sensitivity Analysis-Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (GSA-PRCC) enabled us to integrate the data into a comprehensive microbiome model. This facilitated the identification of pivotal exo-metabolites and the formulation of specialized dietary interventions aimed at ameliorating side effects. Our findings corroborate known bacteria and compounds implicated in these side effects and introduce novel targets. The proposed diets, substantiated through meta-omics analyses nd modeling, hold promise for mitigating adverse reactions. Our findings corroborate known bacteria and compounds implicated in these side effects and introduce novel targets. The proposed diets, substantiated through meta-omics analyses and modeling, hold promise for mitigating adverse reactions. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge the limitations posed by the modest sample size of 24, which may not sufficiently capture the entire spectrum of microbiome elements influencing the health of asthma patients and the manifestation of corticosteroid side effects. Further research with expanded cohorts is warranted to validate and extend our findings.
On Simulation of the 2D P Colony with Evolving Environment
Authors: Langer Miroslav , Valenta Daniel , Patnaik Pawan Kumar
Published: December 2023

To obtain more results in the field of theoretical models of the multiagent systems it is necessary to step outside of the research done on the paper and move forward to the computer simulation. The simulation opens the possibilities to study the behavior of studied model in real-time, or verify designed configurations. To develop an application of a good quality and fulfilling all the needs, the development of such simulator must pass standard phases of the information system life cycle. In this paper, we present a development of a simulator of a 2D P colony with the evolving environment simulator. The simulator replaces the previous version of the software we used to simulate the behavior of the 2D P colony with evolving environment, where the configuration of the colony was hardcoded into the source code of the simulator, hence, any changes had to be done by developing a new version of the simulator. Recent version is modular and the definition of the simulated colony is held in the separate configuration file.
During the development of the application, we followed phases of the information system life cycle. The result of the development is an application in the Python programming language with desired features. The application was developed under the Open Source license; hence, it is freely accessible and can be used or modified by anyone.
MSC Classification: 68Q01 , 68Q07 , 68Q42
HEJ 2.2: W boson pairs and Higgs boson plus jet production at high energies
Authors: Andersen Jeppe R. , Ducloué Bertrand , Elrick Conor , Hassan Hitham , Maier Andreas , Nail Graeme , Paltrinieri Jérémy , Papaefstathiou Andreas , Smillie Jennifer M.
Published: December 2023

We present version 2.2 of the High Energy Jets (HEJ) Monte Carlo event generator for hadronic scattering processes at high energies. The new version adds support for two further processes of central phenomenological interest, namely the production of a W boson pair with equal charge together with two or more jets and the production of a Higgs boson with at least one jet. Furthermore, a new prediction for charged lepton pair production with high jet multiplicities is provided in the high-energy limit. The accuracy of HEJ 2.2 can be increased further through an enhanced interface to standard predictions based on conventional perturbation theory. We describe all improvements and provide extensive usage examples. HEJ 2.2 can be obtained from https://hej.hepforge.org.
Do Multinational Enterprises Matter for Economic Development?
Authors: Chiatchoua Cesaire , Neme Castillo Omar
Published: December 2023

The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of Multinational Enterprises on economic development, measured by the Human Development Index, in a group of 58 high and upper-middle income countries where they operated from 2005-2016, while considering the role of free trade agreements. We follow a robust dynamic panel data econometric methodology. For our analysis, we considered the total sample and sub-samples of countries based on their trade status. The results indicate that Multinational Enterprises drive economic development by favoring the expansion of people’s capabilities. Therefore, measured by added value, the economic activity of this type of company tends to enrich the life of society as well as the fundamental freedoms in the foreign country in which they operate. The effects of Multinational Enterprises on economic development are higher in countries with a large number of Free Trade Agreements, which means that intensification of free trade favors the MNE’s role in social goals.
Apoyo social percibido de mujeres de familias monoparentales de Celaya, Guanajuato (México)
Authors: Castañeda Alfredo , Del Carpio Ovando Perla Shiomara , Díaz Carrión Isis Arlene
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el apoyo social percibido de mujeres de familias monoparentales de Celaya, Guanajuato (México). Se acude al diseño de la teoría fundamentada. El trabajo de campo se realizó durante septiembre-octubre de 2022 y participaron 10 mujeres de familia monoparental. Los resultados indican que la familia, en especial la madre, es fuente de apoyo en situaciones adversas; se valora recibir apoyo en cuidado y atención de hijos/as, salud y dificultades económicas, y sobresale el apoyo instrumental, material y emocional. Una limitación del estudio es que no incorporó a otros agentes clave en la red de apoyo; esta incorporación permitiría el conocimiento de características del tipo de apoyo que otorgan. El valor del estudio radica en evidenciar la composición del apoyo social monoparental como una red compleja en la que las mujeres tienen un papel fundamental como fuente de apoyo principal. Se concluye que la percepción subjetiva y evaluativa del apoyo influye en la manera en que se afrontan las dificultades asociadas a ser madre de familia monoparental, y se subraya la necesidad de propiciar políticas públicas de protección y apoyo a las familias que consideren nuevas configuraciones y dinámicas, y las tendencias sociales en torno a ellas.
Cambio institucional en la acción gubernamental de apoyo al campo en México durante los primeros cuatro años del sexenio 2018-2024
Authors: Santillanes Chacón Santos , Cruz Badillo Israel , León Corona Benito
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene por objetivo estudiar el cambio instaurado en este sexenio en las reglas del juego para los actores económicos, gubernamentales y sociales del campo, a través de un análisis institucional hermenéutico y cualitativo basado en una revisión documental y en la interpretación de textos, discursos y cuadros comparativos. El cambio ha sido radical, pues los incentivos se han orientado hacia los pequeños productores de granos básicos mediante apoyos directos, aunque no fue posible profundizar acerca de los efectos de dicho cambio. El valor de este estudio radica en la aplicación de la acepción amplia del concepto de institución (nuevo institucionalismo) al ámbito rural. El cambio institucional era necesario ante la alta regresividad y captura de recursos, aunque otros sectores clave han quedado desatendidos.
Participación social en la gestión hídrica
Authors: Soares Denise , Hatch Kuri Gonzalo
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se aborda la problemática agua y sociedad, con el objetivo analizar la participación social en el ámbito de la gestión comunitaria de los recursos hídricos en una comunidad rural de la sierra de Puebla, México. Se utilizó el método etnográfico, con la herramienta de entrevista semiestructurada a actores clave. Se encontró que el trabajo colectivo permite a la población acceder al agua, aportar trabajo para el mantenimiento de la infraestructura del sistema de agua, destinar recursos económicos para el pago de la tarifa de agua; realizar actividades de protección de la fuente de abastecimiento y gestionar ceremonias para la continuidad del agua. Se concluye que la gestión del agua en la localidad El Mirador trasciende lo técnico, administrativo y financiero hacia dimensiones simbólicas y de sostenibilidad, reforzando el manejo del agua, entendida como un bien común que favorece la sostenibilidad hídrica y su gobernanza local.
Estrategia educativa virtual sobre salud bucal con adultos mayores con enfermedad periodontal y cardiovascular
Authors: Pantoja Olaya Andrea , Agudelo-Ramírez Alexandra , Mejía Hincapié Mariana , Galindo Álvarez Valentina , Grajales Agudelo Laura
Published: December 2023

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares afectan al paciente no solo por su cardiopatía sino también por su salud bucal. Esto plantea la necesidad de mejorar conocimientos y prácticas para evitar que el mal estado periodontal avance. Objetivo: implementar una estrategia educativa virtual en salud bucal con pacientes que padecen enfermedad cardiovascular y periodontal entre 55 y 75 años que asisten a la clínica odontológica de la Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas sede Pereira en el periodo 2020-2.  Metodología: estudio cualitativo con diseño Investigación Acción. Participaron 12 pacientes que contaron con recursos tecnológicos. Resultados: se desarrolló en cuatro fases. I)Descripción de conocimientos y prácticas sobre salud bucal: se efectuaron entrevistas. II) Planeación y formulación de la estrategia: los pacientes plantearon inquietudes, sugirieron aprender con videos. III) Aplicación de la estrategia educativa: se llevaron a cabo nueve talleres pedagógicos. Se usaron videos, juegos serios, conversatorios, entre otros. IV) Recopilación de resultados de la estrategia: a pesar del poco conocimiento de virtualidad los participantes estuvieron motivados, además demostraron conocimiento de los temas. Conclusiones: la estrategia educativa virtual con adultos mayores permitió adquirir aprendizajes para mejorar su salud bucal y desarrollar habilidades para incrementar su autocuidado.
Judicial Interpretation of Signs of Socially Dangerous Encroachment with the Necessary Defense
Authors: Nikulenko A. V. , Smirnov M. A.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. In this article, the authors consider the signs of socially dangerous encroachments, the suppression of which generates the right to the necessary defense. Studying the signs of encroachment, enshrined in Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 19 dated 27.09.2012, as well as developed by the doctrine of criminal law, the authors come to the conclusion that the signs of encroachment are interpreted both in a narrow and in an expansive meaning, which, in turn, creates difficulties in solving the issue on the legality of causing harm in a state of necessary defense.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical judgments about the form of socially dangerous encroachment, which, in turn, is the basis for the emergence of the right to the necessary defense.

Objectives: To identify possible problems related to the realization by citizens of the right to the necessary defense.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, system-structural and others). In addition, private scientific methods of cognition were used logical–formal and system analysis.

The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and are aimed at overcoming the contradictions that arise when solving the question of the legality of the harm caused in a state of necessary defense.

Conclusions. As part of the study, the authors conclude that the provisions of Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are designed purely formally, which negatively affects the protection of the rights and interests of the defending person.
Family Business in the United Arab Emirates: Legal Experience
Authors: Bogdan V. V.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Family entrepreneurship is one of the main trends in the modern development of entrepreneurial activity. Over the past five years civilistic science has achieved significant results in the study of this multidimensional complex phenomenon. Being at an intersectoral junction (civil, family, entrepreneurial, labor, administrative law), family entrepreneurial activity is designed to solve many government tasks, which allows us to talk about the entry of this type of entrepreneurial activity into Russian entrepreneurship ecosystem on a permanent basis. At the same time, Russian legislator does not react to large-scale development of family business in any way, which creates insoluble difficulties in its implementation, protection of participants rights. Under such circumstances, the experience of legal regulation of relations arising from family entrepreneurship in foreign countries that have followed the path of adopting a special law seems relevant. The United Arab Emirates is one of such states.

The purpose is to set the content of a special law on family business in the United Arab Emirates.

The objectives of the study: to determine the state of family entrepreneurship development abroad; establish the need to study the experience of legal regulation of family business in the UAE; disclose the content of the UAE family business law.

Methodology. The article is based on analysis methods, deduction, description, generalization, formal-legal, comparative-legal methods.

Results. The study found that the UAE's approach to legal regulation of family business relations is based on an internally consistent special legislative act based on a symbiosis of family values and advanced business achievements.

Conclusion. The experience of legal regulation of family entrepreneurial activities of the UAE is one of the progressive at present. It seems that it is necessary to consider the achievements of the Arab legislator when creating the concept of Russian law on family entrepreneurship, its structure, laying down the principles.
Personal Data in the Mechanism of Criminal Law Protection
Authors: Russkevich E. A.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Ensuring the effective protection of an individual's personal data is of high and enduring importance. Despite the efforts made, in Russia the situation in this regard is deteriorating every year more and more incidents with the leakage of personal data of millions of citizens occur. All this not only generates distrust in the efforts of the state to build a digital economy and e-government, but also acts as a powerful determinant of a number of other crimes (primarily against property).

The purpose is to obtain new scientific knowledge about the features, problems and prospects of the criminal law protection of personal data of an individual.

The objectives of the study is to identify the problems of implementing the mechanism of criminal law protection of personal data of citizens.

Methodology. The methodological base of the research is made up of general scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, formal-legal, abstract-logical and others.

Results. In the course of the study, statistical data on the dynamics of infringement on personal data in Russia, law enforcement practice available in the public domain, doctrinal sources and analytical materials were analyzed, interviews were conducted with specialists. Taken together, this made it possible to formulate original provisions that develop the domestic theory of criminal law, to develop recommendations aimed at overcoming the problems of law enforcement in cases of infringement of personal data.

Conclusions. Digitalization has led to an increase in social tolerance for violations in the field of inviolability of personal data and privacy. It seems promising to implement a model of differentiation of criminal liability depending on the number of victims of the disclosure of personal data. The mechanism of criminal law protection requires improvement in terms of the development of biometric data technologies. The significance of such personal information requires a differentiated approach to establishing responsibility for illegal actions in relation to biometrics.
Reconocimiento de las principales limitantes fitosanitarias que afectan la calidad comercial del aguacate Hass
Authors: Ceballos Aguirre Germán , Martínez Caballero Luz Natalia , Ángel García Carolina , Murcia Riaño Nubia , Martínez Mauricio Fernando , Jaramillo Laverde Alejandro
Published: December 2023

El aguacate (Persea americana Mill) es uno de los frutos tropicales más importantes del mundo y tiene una creciente aceptación en los consumidores gracias a su contenido nutricional, las diferentes opciones para su consumo en fresco y procesado, y su uso en la industria cosmética. Además, se ha convertido en una excelente oportunidad para el sector agrícola colombiano, dada la posibilidad de exportación que ofrece y por ser la variedad más comercializada. No obstante, existen limitantes fitosanitarias asociadas a la calidad comercial del fruto desde la precosecha y poscosecha que requieren atención especial, en particular los daños externos asociados a las lenticelas y la pudrición de pedúnculo, así como los daños internos de la pulpa. Con el objetivo de ofrecer alternativas de manejo que contribuyan a mejorar la sanidad de la fruta para alcanzar los estándares de calidad de exportación en el departamento del Cauca, este manual explica herramientas para el reconocimiento en campo de los síntomas en fruto asociadas a estas enfermedades y describe de forma general estrategias para manejarlas.
Suelos aptos para producción de aguacate Hass en el departamento del Cauca
Authors: Correa Moreno Diana Lucía , Grajales Guzmán Luis Carlos , Garavito Morales Lina Vanessa
Published: December 2023

Este manual recopila resultados de investigación e información de referencia sobre los requerimientos del cultivo, las condiciones de suelos aptos para aguacate Hass y las prácticas de manejo que se deben implementar para conservarlos. Su objetivo principal es fomentar acciones dirigidas a proteger el suelo y reducir la presión que la producción intensiva de aguacate Hass puede ejercer sobre los recursos naturales en el territorio. Para esto, pone a disposición de los actores de la cadena productiva elementos y documentos de fácil acceso y lectura que contribuyan a la planificación del cultivo y la implementación de prácticas que fomenten la sostenibilidad integral del sistema de producción en el departamento del Cauca.
An Introduction to Smart Home Ward–Based Hospital-at-Home Care in China
Authors: Cheng Weibin , Cao Xiaowen , Lian Wanmin , Tian Junzhang
Published: December 2023

Hospital-at-home has been gaining increased attention as a potential remedy for the current shortcomings of our health care system, allowing for essential health services to be provided to patients in the comfort of their own homes. The advent of digital technology has revolutionized the way we provide medical and health care, leading to the emergence of a “hospital without walls.” The rapid adoption of novel digital health care technologies is revolutionizing remote health care provision, effectively dismantling the conventional boundary separating hospitals from the comfort of patients’ homes. The Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital has developed a 5G-powered Smart Home Ward (SHW) that extends medical care services to the home setting and is tailored to meet the needs and settings of each patient’s household. The SHW was initially tested for its suitability for treating 4 specialized diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Understanding and addressing the potential challenges and risks associated with SHWs is essential for the successful implementation and maintenance of safe and effective home hospitalization.
Digital Health Interventions to Enhance Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Sol , Rajaguru Vasuki , Baek Joon Sang , Shin Jaeyong , Park Youngmok
Published: December 2023

Background

Digital health technologies are widely used for disease management, with their computing platforms, software, and sensors being used for health care. These technologies are developed to manage chronic diseases and infectious bacterial diseases, including tuberculosis (TB).

Objective

This study aims to comprehensively review the literature on the use of digital health interventions (DHIs) for enhancing TB treatment adherence and identify major strategies for their adoption.

Methods

We conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, and Scopus databases for relevant studies published between January 2012 and March 2022. Studies that focused on web-based or mobile phone–based interventions, medication adherence, digital health, randomized controlled trials, digital interventions, or mobile health and ubiquitous health technology for TB treatment and related health outcomes were included.

Results

We identified 27 relevant studies and classified them according to the intervention method, a significant difference in treatment success, and health outcomes. The following interventions were emphasized: SMS text messaging interventions (8/27, 30%), medicine reminders (6/27, 22%), and web-based direct observation therapy (9/27, 33%). Digital health technology significantly promoted disease management among individuals and health care professionals. However, only a few studies addressed 2-way communication therapies, such as interactive SMS text messaging and feedback systems.

Conclusions

This scoping review classified studies on DHIs for patients with TB and demonstrated their potential for the self-management of TB. DHIs are still being developed, and evidence on the impact of digital technologies on enhancing TB treatment adherence remains limited. However, it is necessary to encourage patients’ participation in TB treatment and self-management through bidirectional communication. We emphasize the importance of developing a communication system.