bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of academic libraries and information specialists during times of health crises in Jordan: the COVID-19 pandemic case
Authors: Hamad Faten , Al-Fadel Maha , Fakhouri Hussam
Published: March 2022

Purpose

COVID-19 forced libraries and other institutions to either close their doors to users or change their services routines. At this time, the libraries should extend their efforts to meet the increasing demands of information services in terms of quantity and quality of information services. This study aims to explore the role and responsibilities of academic libraries during times of crisis from the staff perception in academic libraries in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was disseminated to 359 library staff who were working at the 10 public universities in Jordan; 295 questionnaires were suitable to analyze, with a response rate of 82.2%.

Findings

The results indicated the importance of increasing academic libraries – specifically academic libraries in Jordan – awareness about the vast and important role of libraries to support research and the public community by providing authentic information sources about the pandemic to increase public awareness about the pandemic, besides contributing to disseminating research related to the pandemic as well as producing related research. Libraries needed to adjust their collection and information services during the crisis as they looked for ways to support the users they serve. The results affirmed that access to information remains the social responsibility of librarians.

Practical implications

The findings will provide insights for other academic libraries on how to react in a crisis and maintain its role as a reliable information source.

Social implications

During the health pandemic, people needed support in terms of getting easy access to authentic and reliable information. Libraries hold a social responsibility to the local community, such as awareness campaigns, posting videos on health practices and hygiene on it websites and social media.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights and practical solutions for academic libraries in response to global health pandemics. It will help academic libraries handle and cope with the challenges of providing distance library services over digital channels.
Estimation of the hydrodynamic parameters of USVs for velocity prediction using a hybrid adaptive strategy
Authors: Yu Rui , Zhou Hua , Ma Siyu , Luo Guifu , Lin Mingwei
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Hydrodynamic parameter estimation is significant for the velocity prediction of unmanned surface vehicles. Considering the field data’s uncertain nonlinearities (environmental disturbances and measurement noise), this paper aims to propose a hybrid adaptive parameter estimation (HAPE) strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a rough estimation of hydrodynamic parameters is used by the least squares method. Second, an improved adaptive parameter estimation algorithm is applied to compensate for the influence of uncertain nonlinearities and adjust the parameters within the rough range. Finally, it is proved that the calculated velocity asymptotically converges to the actual value during the parameter estimation procedure.

Findings

The numerical simulation and pool experiments are conducted in two scenarios of steady turning and sinusoidal thrust to verify the effectiveness of the proposed HAPE method. The results validate that the accuracy of the predicted velocity using the hydrodynamic model obtained by the HAPE strategy is better than the APE algorithm. In addition, the hydrodynamic parameters estimated with the sinusoidal thrust data are more applicable than the steady turning data.

Originality/value

This study proposes a HAPE strategy that considers the uncertain nonlinearities of the field data. This method provides a more accurate predicted velocity. Besides, as far as we know, it is the first time to analyze the influence of different test conditions on the accuracy of the predicted velocity.
Future-oriented disclosure and corporate value: the role of an emerging economy corporate governance
Authors: Benameur Kameleddine , Hassanein Ahmed , Azzam Mohsen Ebied A.Y. , Elzahar Hany
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Kuwait has taken significant steps to reform its corporate governance (CG) by introducing the New Company Law (NCL) in 2013. This study investigates how this reform of CG mechanisms affects the disclosure of future-oriented information. Likewise, it explores how CG mechanisms affect the informativeness of this disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprises the nonfinancial firms listed on the Boursa Kuwait from 2014 to 2018. The study uses an automated textual analysis to measure the level of future-oriented disclosure in the annual reports of these firms. The informativeness of disclosure is proxied by firm value at three months of the date of the annual report.

Findings

The study finds that Kuwaiti firms with larger board sizes and substantial ownership by institutional investors are less likely to disseminate future-oriented information. Conversely, firms with more independent directors and larger audit committees are more inclined to provide future-oriented disclosure. Furthermore, the disclosure of future-oriented information carries contents that enhance investors' valuations of Kuwaiti firms, especially in firms with fewer institutional ownership and more prominent audit committees.

Research limitations/implications

It focuses on management decisions to disclose information in the annual reports. Examining other channels of disseminating information, such as social media disclosure, provides avenues for future research.

Practical implications

Policy setters in Kuwait should consider the importance of some CG mechanisms to improve the transparency of Kuwaiti firms, as suggested by the NCL. Likewise, investors should rely on such specific CG mechanisms to build their prospects about the firm's value.

Originality/value

Apart from developed countries, the current study is the first evidence on how CG mechanisms could affect the informativeness of future-oriented disclosure in a developing economy. It is also the first to investigate the new CG mechanism introduced by Kuwait NCL in 2013.
Generating destination brand awareness and image through the firm's social media
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Davood , Zakieva Rafina Rafkatovna , Kuznetsova Mariya , Ismael Aras Masood , Ahmed Alim Al Ayub
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The role of social media in the tourism industry growth cannot be ignored, because today the internet and social media platforms are one of the most popular information channels used by potential tourists and have become one of the main sources of online travel information. This study investigates the role of content cues of tourism information quality provided in Elie Gasht firm's Instagram page on enhancing awareness of the destination brand and forming users' destination image.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was used to validate the hypotheses proposed in this research. A survey was deployed using the convenience method among 187 users of Elie Gesht's Instagram page to test the theoretical model. The structural relationships in the research were examined using the partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings of the present research indicated that the content cues of the quality of information provided by the firm have a positive effect on enhancing destination brand awareness and in turn improve affective image and cognitive image. Eventually, the content cues of the quality of information provided by the firm impact the formation of a conative image through the affective and cognitive image of the destination.

Practical implications

Pragmatically, the findings of this study urge policymakers of tourism companies, managers and destination marketers to take into account the special role of the firm's social media in enhancing destination brand awareness, which in turn promotes destination brand image. Therefore, providing empirical evidence on what leads to the promotion of destination brand awareness and different types of image formation of the destination due to information content quality provided by the firm on social media, provides managerial insights for corporate marketers and tourism destinations.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the role of quality of tourism information content presented in the firm's social media by providing empirical evidence on enhancing destination brand awareness and destination image formation. It also helps firm managers and planners build their marketing strategies to attract more customers through social media.
Artificial intelligence (AI) library services innovative conceptual framework for the digital transformation of university education
Authors: Okunlaya Rifqah Olufunmilayo , Syed Abdullah Norris , Alias Rose Alinda
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the latest digital transformation (DT) technological trends the university library can use to provide library users with alternative educational services. AI can foster intelligent decisions for retrieving and sharing information for learning and research. However, extant literature confirms a low adoption rate by the university libraries in using AI to provide innovative alternative services, as this is missing in their strategic plan. The research develops (AI-LSICF) an artificial intelligence library services innovative conceptual framework to provide new insight into how AI technology can be used to deliver value-added innovative library services to achieve digital transformation. It will also encourage library and information professionals to adopt AI to complement effective service delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a qualitative content analysis to investigate extant literature on how AI adoption fosters innovative services in various organisations. The study also used content analysis to generate possible solutions to aid AI service innovation and delivery in university libraries.

Findings

This study uses its findings to develop an Artificial Intelligence Library Services Innovative Conceptual Framework (AI-LSICF) by integrating AI applications and functions into the digital transformation framework elements and discussed using a service innovation framework.

Research limitations/implications

In research, AI-LSICF helps increase an understanding of AI by presenting new insights into how the university library can leverage technology to actualise innovation in service provision to foster DT. This trail will be valuable to scholars and academics interested in addressing the application pathways of AI library service innovation, which is still under-explored in digital transformation.

Practical implications

In practice, AI-LSICF could reform the information industry from its traditional brands into a more applied and resolutely customer-driven organisation. This reformation will awaken awareness of how librarians and information professionals can leverage technology to catch up with digital transformation in this age of the fourth industrial revolution.

Social implications

The enlightenment of AI-LSICF will motivate library professionals to take advantage of AI's potential to enhance their current business model and achieve a unique competitive advantage within their community.

Originality/value

AI-LSICF development serves as a revelation, motivating university libraries and information professionals to consider AI in their strategic plan to enable technology to support university education. This act will enable alternative service delivery in the face of unforeseen circumstances like technological disruption and the present global COVID-19 pandemic that requires non-physical interaction.
Quality improvement 101 in medical imaging: Why, what, how
Authors: Goergen Stacy K.
Published: March 2022

Quality is consistently doing something well; in healthcare, this centres on providing consistently safe, effective and appropriate, timely and accessible, efficient and equitable care. The ability to identify and rectify failures in the delivery of quality care and to continuously improve the quality of the care we provide is a fundamental requirement of healthcare professionals in the 21st century. There is both a scientific and an empirical basis to quality improvement methodology. The project management techniques that underpin these can be taught, and learned, but rarely are, in postgraduate medical curricula. This overview of how to do a quality improvement project will provide medical imaging professionals with a systematic approach to understanding a problem and its causes, assembling the team to fix it, planning interventions, measuring outcomes and sustaining change. Good project management brings order to what can feel like chaos; time, money and relationships may be saved. Like experiments in the kitchen, not every quality improvement project can or does work; however, there is a recipe, and following it is a good start.
How Virtual Animal Anatomy facilitated a successful transition to online instruction and supported student learning during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Martin Jason F. , Arnold Olivia R. , Linton Andrea , Jones Jay D. , Garrett Andrew C. , Mango Damon W. , Juarez Katie A. , Gloeckner Gene , Magee Christianne
Published: March 2022

Anatomy faculty with cadaver‐based laboratory courses were presented with a significant challenge in March 2020 to create equivalent learning experiences without cadaveric access. The undergraduate domestic animal anatomy course at the Colorado State University was halfway into a 16‐week semester when COVID‐19 lockdown orders and the transition to remote instruction began. The new course curriculum was critically evaluated using student surveys and course outcome data. Most students (92.5%) agreed that the transition to online learning was a success; however, students who valued face‐to‐face lectures prior to March were less likely to perceive the transition as a success. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of survey results suggest that the resources perceived as most helpful for the transition to online learning were not the same as those that helped facilitate animal anatomy learning. Most students (92.5%) agreed that the Virtual Animal Anatomy (VAA) helped them learn anatomy, and 82.2% indicated that the VAA was a valuable resource following the transition to online learning. Additional resources associated with transition success included course instructors, weekly quizzes, written descriptions of anatomical structures and open laboratory sessions. In contrast, those resources associated with facilitating learning included guided quizzes and asynchronous lecture recordings. These findings suggest that the VAA can support online anatomy learning when used in conjunction with other best practices for online teaching.
Pioneer interview: Lyle D. Joyce, MD, PhD
Authors: Han Jason J.
Published: March 2022

Lyle D. Joyce, MD, PhD is an adult cardiac surgeon who helped pioneer the artificial heart technology throughout his career. In 1982, he and Dr. William DeVries implanted Jarvik‐7 total artificial heart (TAH) in a patient named Barney Clark, which was the first ever destination therapy TAH. Artificial Organs discussed with Dr. Joyce how he came to embark on this career path, his experiences in the operating room during these early days, and what advice he has for the future generation.
Editorial: therapeutic phlebotomy for iron overload—start with a diagnosis before bleeding
Authors: Adams Paul C.
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to LeGac et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16775
Editorial: anti‐TNF combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease–one size does not fit all
Authors: Savelkoul Edo H.J. , Hoentjen Frank
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Thomsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16777
Editorial: time to modify practice and use the modified Rutgeert’s score
Authors: Cohen Nathaniel A. , Pekow Joel
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bachour et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16804
Cost outcomes of potentially inappropriate prescribing in middle‐aged adults: A Delphi consensus and cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jayesinghe Ryan , Moriarty Frank , Khatter Amandeep , Durbaba Stevo , Ashworth Mark , Redmond Patrick
Published: March 2022

Background

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is common in older adults and is associated with increased medication costs and costs of associated adverse drug events. PIP also affects almost 1/5 of middle‐aged adults (45–64 y), as defined by the PRescribing Optimally in Middle‐aged People's Treatments (PROMPT) criteria. However, there has been little research on PIP medication costs within this age group.

Aims

Calculate the medication costs of PIP for middle‐aged adults according to the 22 PROMPT criteria and compare with the cost of consensus‐validated, evidence‐based (adequate) alternative prescribing scenarios.

Methods

Adequate alternatives to the 22 PROMPT criteria were created via literature review. A Delphi consensus panel of experts was recruited (n = 16), supported by a patient and public involvement group, to achieve consensus on the alternatives. A retrospective repeated cross‐sectional study from 2014 to 2019 was then conducted utilising pseudonymised primary care data from Lambeth DataNet in South London (41 general practices, n = 1 185 335, using Lambeth DataNet May 2020 extract) to calculate the cost of PIP.

Results

The cross‐sectional study included 55 880 patients. The total PIP cost was £2.79 million, with adequate alternative prescribing costing £2.74 million (cost savings of £51 278). Duplicate drug classes was the most costly criterion for both PIP and alternative prescribing.

Conclusion

This study calculated the medication costs of PIP and created alternative prescribing scenarios for the 22 PROMPT criteria. There is no substantial cost difference between adequate prescribing vs. PIP. Future studies should investigate the wider health economic costs of alternative prescribing, such as reducing hospital admissions.
Overview of regional‐scale diversity patterns of freshwater algae in a Neotropical bromeliad ecosystem
Authors: Carrias Jean‐François , Corbara Bruno , Leroy Céline , Céréghino Régis
Published: March 2022

A large part of freshwater microorganism biodiversity is contained in the bromeliad ecosystem of the Neotropics, which form a multitude of small islands in a terrestrial matrix. While aquatic communities of bromeliads and their food‐web organisation are relatively well documented, processes that shape diversity in such small water bodies remain largely understudied.

Based on 217 bromeliad ecosystems from six sites located in French Guiana, we determined the factors that shape the diversity pattern of algal communities. We considered a broad range of environmental and ecological variables, including canopy openness, habitat characteristics, and invertebrate biomass, to identify the main drivers of algal community structure and biodiversity across bromeliads in a c. 25,000 km2 region.

We found no evidence of random distribution or spatial structuring of algal communities. Algal biomass was mainly influenced by habitat size and complexity, particulate organic matter content, and light energy, while algal richness was primarily controlled by habitat size. Change in community structure as habitat size increases was driven by species turnover with increasing proportion of filamentous taxa.

Our results indicate that, due to the large diversity of aquatic habitats they provide at a small spatial scale, bromeliads are critical ecosystems sustaining freshwater microorganism biodiversity.
Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment
Authors: Romero Gustavo Q. , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Roslin Tomas , Marquis Robert J. , Marino Nicholas A.C. , Novotny Vojtech , Cornelissen Tatiana , Orivel Jerome , Sui Shen , Aires Gustavo , Antoniazzi Reuber , Dáttilo Wesley , Breviglieri Crasso P. B. , Busse Annika , Gibb Heloise , Izzo Thiago J. , Kadlec Tomas , Kemp Victoria , Kersch‐Becker Monica , Knapp Michal , Kratina Pavel , Luke Rebecca , Majnarić Stefan , Maritz Robin , Mateus Martins Paulo , Mendesil Esayas , Michalko Jaroslav , Mrazova Anna , Novais Samuel , Pereira Cássio C. , Perić Mirela S. , Petermann Jana S. , Ribeiro Sérvio P. , Sam Katerina , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Vieira Camila , Westwood Natalie , Bernaschini Maria L. , Carvajal Valentina , González Ezequiel , Jausoro Mariana , Kaensin Stanis , Ospina Fabiola , Cristóbal‐Pérez E. Jacob , Quesada Mauricio , Rogy Pierre , Srivastava Diane S. , Szpryngiel Scarlett , Tack Ayco J.M. , Teder Tiit , Videla Martin , Viljur Mari‐Liis , Koricheva Julia
Published: March 2022

Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
Chloride intercellular channel 3 suppression‐mediated macrophage polarization: a potential indicator of poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Liang Jing , Long Zijie , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Jundan , Chen Xiaotong , Liu Xiangfu , Gu Yurong , Zhang Wanling , Zhang Tong , Chen Youming , Zhang Genglin , Sun Weijun , Kuang Dongming , Gao Zhiliang , Zheng Yubao
Published: March 2022

Patients with hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) are characterized by immune paralysis and susceptibility to infections. Macrophages are important mediators of immune responses can be subclassified into two main phenotypes: classically activated and alternatively activated. However, few studies have investigated changes to macrophage polarization in HBV‐related liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated the functional status of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) from patients with mild chronic hepatitis B (n = 226), HBV‐related compensated cirrhosis (n = 36), HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis (n = 40), HBV‐ACLF (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 10), as well as Kupffer cells (KCs) from patients with HBV‐ACLF (n = 3). We found that during the progression of HBV‐related liver diseases, the percentage of CD163+CD206+ macrophages increased, while the percentage of CD80+human leukocyte antigen‐DR+ macrophages decreased significantly. MDMs and KCs mainly exhibited high CD163+CD206+ expression in patients with HBV‐ACLF, which predicted poor clinical outcome and higher liver transplantation rate. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that chloride intracellular channel‐3 (CLIC3) was reduced in patients with HBV‐ACLF, indicating a poor prognosis. To further study the effect of CLIC3 on macrophage polarization, human monocytic THP‐1 cell‐derived macrophages were used. We found that classical and alternative macrophage activation occurred through nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathways, respectively. CLIC3 suppression inhibited NF‐κB activation and promoted the alternative activation. In conclusion, macrophage polarization gradually changed from classically activated to alternatively activated as HBV‐related liver diseases progressed. Both CLIC3 suppression and increased alternatively activated macrophage percentage were potential indicators of the poor prognosis of patients with HBV‐ACLF.
Sequential learning of emotional faces is statistical at 12 months of age
Authors: Mermier Julia , Quadrelli Ermanno , Turati Chiara , Bulf Hermann
Published: March 2022

Infants are capable of extracting statistical regularities from continuous streams of elements, which helps them structuring their surrounding environment. The current study examines 12‐month‐olds' capacity to extract statistical information from a sequence of emotional faces. Using a familiarization procedure, infants were presented with videos of two actresses expressing the same facial emotion, and subsequently turning toward or away from each other. Videos displayed different emotions (i.e., anger, happiness, fear, sadness, surprise, amusement, disgust, and exasperation) and were organized sequentially, so that the transitional probabilities between videos were highly predictable in some cases, and less predictable in others. At test, infants discriminated highly predictable from low predictable transitional probabilities, suggesting that they extracted statistical regularities from the sequence of emotional faces. However, when examining thelooking towardand thelooking awayconditions separately, infants showed evidence of statistical learning in thelooking towardcondition only. Together, these findings suggest that 12‐month‐old infants rely on statistical learning to segment a continuous sequence of emotional faces, although this ability can be modulated by the nature of the stimuli. The contribution of statistical learning to structure infants' social environment is discussed.
A systematic scoping review and textual narrative synthesis of physical and mixed‐reality simulation in pre‐service teacher training
Authors: Ade‐Ojo Gordon O. , Markowski Marianne , Essex Ryan , Stiell Marlon , Jameson Jill
Published: March 2022

Background

Due to recent lockdown conditions, which restricted opportunities for face‐to‐face contact and the ability to be physically in schools, the need for novel, safe ways to train pre‐service teachers emerged even more pressingly. Whilst virtual simulation has received some attention in pedagogy and its benefits have been demonstrated in many disciplines, there appears to be less synthesized evidence on the use of physical and/or mixed‐reality simulation utilized in teacher training.

Objectives

The goal of this systematic scoping review was to summarize and synthesize the literature on the use of physical and/or mixed‐reality simulation in pre‐service teacher training.

Methods

A systematic scoping literature review combined with a textual narrative synthesis was undertaken. Ten reference databases were searched in May 2020: Academic search premier, CINAHL, Education Research Complete, Humanities International Complete, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PsycInfo, Teacher Reference Center, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus.

Results and Conclusions

Following inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment and screening, 13 articles were included for appraisal and synthesis. Seven papers examined physical simulations, while the remainder examined mixed‐reality simulations. The evidence from this review suggests that simulation, including physical and mixed‐reality types, could be used as a tool to increase confidence, self‐efficacy, classroom management skills and communication.

Implications

In comparison to other fields (e.g., nursing, medicine and aviation) simulation in education appears to be in its infancy—more large‐scale research is needed. At the same time, this review indicates that mixed‐reality simulation in particular has the potential for contributing to teacher education, because it offers the potential for learning in various contexts when compared to traditional didactic teaching practices.
Reasons for repeated emergency department visits among community‐dwelling older adults with dementia in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jones Aaron , Maclagan Laura C. , Watt Jennifer A. , Schull Michael J. , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Swayze Sarah , Guan Jun , Bronskill Susan E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Community‐dwelling older adults living with dementia visit the emergency department (ED) more frequently than other older adults, but research on the reasons for repeated visits is lacking. We examined the rate of repeated ED visits and reasons for visits in a cohort of individuals with dementia.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults (≥66 years) living with dementia in Ontario, Canada, who visited the ED and were discharged home between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2019. We calculated the proportion of the population with one, two, and three or more repeat ED visits within 1 year of the baseline visit and the categorized the reason for the visits.

Results

Our cohort contained 175,863 individuals with dementia who visited the ED at least once. Overall, 66.1% returned at least once to the ED within 1 year, 39.4% returned twice, and 23.5% returned 3 or more times. Visit reasons were heterogenous and were most frequently related to general signs and symptoms (25.3%) while being infrequently due to cognitive or behavioral reasons (5.9%). Individuals typically visited for different reasons across successive visits.

Conclusions

Community‐dwelling older adults with dementia who visited an ED were very likely to return to the ED within a year, with a substantial proportion visiting multiple times. The high frequency of repeated visits for different reasons highlights the complexity of caring for this population and indicates greater need for comprehensive community and primary care as well as timely communication between the ED and the community.
A Simple Model of Voluntary Reserve Targets with Tolerance Bands
Authors: BAUGHMAN GARTH , CARAPELLA FRANCESCA
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a version of the model of voluntary reserve targets (VRT) developed in Baughman and Carapella (2020) simplified to have a Walrasian instead of frictional interbank market. First, the model makes transparent the role of target setting in controlling the market rate. Second, the simplicity of the model allows for an analysis of the interaction between VRT and tolerance bands, which are a common tool for controlling rate variability. We find that the persistent overshooting of interbank rates observed during the Bank of England's experiment with VRT may derive from the interaction between target setting and tolerance bands, a new explanation relative to the literature. We also suggest a simple remedy.
Learning Grammar for Social Action: Implications for Research and Language Teaching
Authors: PIIRAINEN–MARSH ARJA , LILJA NIINA
Published: March 2022

The articles in this special issue contribute to understanding the interactional grounding of language learning by scrutinizing how patterns of language use emerge and get routinized as dynamic resources for accomplishing actions in co‐constructed interaction. Their findings problematize how grammar is represented in second language (L2) teaching materials and have important implications for future research and language pedagogy. In this commentary, we address some of these implications focusing on two questions: (a) how the studies change the conceptualization of grammar as an object of L2 learning and teaching, and (b) how the insights of this research can inform language teaching.
The surge in women's representation in the 2019 Swiss federal elections
Authors: Giger Nathalie , Traber Denise , Gilardi Fabrizio , Bütikofer Sarah
Published: March 2022

In the 2019 Swiss federal elections, women's representation increased more than at any time before, reaching an all‐time high at 42%. In this article, we offer several explanations for this. First, in almost all parties, the percentage of female candidates was significantly larger than in the previous elections. Second, on average female candidates held better positions on party lists, both compared to men and to the previous election. Third, in 2019 (but not in 2015) women were about one percentage‐point more likely to be elected than men, controlling for many relevant factors. Fourth, about one third of the surge was linked to the fact that parties that won seats in 2019 (the Greens, especially) had more women on their lists compared to the parties that lost seats. Fifth, in 2019 voters (women in particular) perceived female candidates as more fit for a political office compared to 2015.
Telementoring initiative for newborn care providers in Kenya, Pakistan and Tanzania
Authors: Merali Hasan S. , Hemed Maryam , Fernando Andrew M. , Rizwan Samia , Mangala Edwin Lutomia , Wood Amy M. , Abdalla Khadija , Patterson Janna , Amick Erick , Foehringer Merchant Hannah , Smith Sherri L. , Wheatley Robyn R. , Kamath‐Rayne Beena D.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To support governments' efforts at neonatal mortality reduction, UNICEF and the American Academy of Pediatrics launched a telementoring project in Kenya, Pakistan and Tanzania.

Methods

In Fall 2019, an individualised 12‐session telementoring curriculum was created for East Africa and Pakistan after site visits that included care assessment, patient data review and discussion with faculty and staff. After the programme, participants, administrators and UNICEF staff were surveyed and participated in focus group discussions.

Results

Participants felt the programme improved knowledge and newborn care. Qualitative analysis found three common themes of successful telementoring: local buy‐in, use of existing training or clinical improvement structures, and consideration of technology needs.

Conclusions

Telementoring has potential as a powerful tool in newborn education. It offers more flexibility and easier access than in‐person sessions. This project has the potential for scale‐up, particularly when physical distancing and travel restrictions are the norm.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle V̇O2${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ kinetics after moderate running exercise in healthy males: reliability and associations with parameters of aerobic fitness
Authors: de Aguiar Rafael A. , Turnes Tiago , Borszcz Fernando K. , Raimundo João A. G. , Caputo Fabrizio
Published: March 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the reliability of near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygen uptake () kinetics following running exercise and what is the relationship between the time constant of off‐kinetics and parameters of aerobic fitness?

What is the main finding and its importance?

The time constant of kinetics in gastrocnemius following moderate running exercise presents good to excellent reliability. In addition, it was well correlated with parameters of aerobic fitness, such as maximal speed of an incremental test, ventilatory threshold and pulmonary on‐kinetics. Therefore, near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxidative capacity together with other physiological measurements may allow a concomitant local and systemic analysis of the components of the oxidative system.

Near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygen uptake () kinetics following single‐joint exercise has been used to assess muscle oxidative capacity. However, little evidence is available on the use of this technique following whole‐body exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the reliability of the NIRS‐derived kinetics following running exercise and to investigate the relationship between the time constant of off‐kinetics () and parameters of aerobic fitness. After an incremental test to determine , first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and maximal speed (Smax), 13 males (age = 21 ± 4 years;  = 55.9 ± 3.4 ml kg−1 min−1) performed three sets (two on the first day and one on a subsequent day) of two repetitions of 6‐min running exercise at 90%VT1. The pulmonary () on‐kinetics and off‐kinetics in gastrocnemius were assessed. presented no systematic change and satisfactory reliability (the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient of 4.21 s and 0.49 for between transitions; and 2.65 s and 0.74 averaging within each time set), with no difference (P > 0.3) between the within‐ (SEM = 2.92 s) and between‐day variability (SEM = 2.78 s and 2.19 s between first vs. third set, and second vs. third set, respectively). (28.5 ± 4.17 s) correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with Smax (r = −0.66), VT1 (r = −0.64) and time constant of the p on‐kinetics (r = 0.69). These findings indicate that NIRS‐derived kinetics in the gastrocnemius following moderate running exercise is a useful and reliable parameter to assess muscle oxidative capacity.
ROLE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE PROGRAMMABLE DEATH (PD-1) RECEPTOR OF T-CELLS IN TARGETED THERAPY OF MELANOMA
Authors: Mukantayev K.N. , Mukanov K.K. , Zhylkibayev A.
Published: March 2022

Oncogenic cells have intrinsic properties for evading attack by the immune system, which largely contribute to the oncogenic pathology. Therefore, the development of drugs that can block these properties represents an important goal toward obtaining effective strategies to cure cancer. Currently, monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmable cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) are widely used in targeted therapy, which show high effectivity in clinical studies resulting in a significant increase in the duration of anticancer immunity.

The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway was recently identified as a mechanism of the negative regulation of the immune system, and as the main mechanism by which oncogenic cells evade the body’s immune system. Moreover, the expression of PD-1 receptor in the tumour microenvironment cells is related to several other signaling pathways involving both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibits the activity of cytotoxic T-cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with increased T-cell suppressor activity. Consequently, the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway promotes tumour cells to evade the immune response. Therefore, blockage of PD-1/PD-L1 enhances antitumor immunity, reduces the number of T-cell suppressors and suppresses their activity, and restores the activity of cytotoxic T-cells.

The PD1 receptor and it is ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are representatives of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are part of the "immunological control points" system, the main functions of which include the regulation and modulation of the immune response, reduction of immune cell-induced damage in organs and tissues, and prevention of autoimmune processes.

Accordingly, development of therapeutic anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that could lead to the reactivation of a specific antitumor immune response is a promising strategy of tumour immunotherapy. To date, monoclonal antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 have achieved good results and were approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
GPR161 RECEPTOR AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY OF TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Mukanov K.K. , Mukantayev K.N. , Tarlykov P.
Published: March 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer, accounting for 20% of all women diagnosed with the adenocarcinoma. Triple-negative breast cancer cells are mainly characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors. Moreover, these cells do not respond to hormonal and targeted treatment with monoclonal antibodies. A literature review revealed several receptors in the oncogenic cells of this phenotype with potential to serve as a novel target for therapy. In particular, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 161 was found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells, and correlated with a poor prognosis of the disease. In addition, overexpression of GPR161 in human mammary epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration, intracellular accumulation of E-cadherin, and the formation of multiple structures in a three-dimensional cell culture. Activation of the receptor reduces the phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein 1 proteins, thereby enhancing mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways.

GPCRs belong to a family of cell membrane proteins that transform extracellular signals into intracellular signaling pathways. These receptors play a key role in many important physiological processes whose malfunction may lead to various diseases, including cancer. Several currently produced drugs target different members of the GPCR family and have shown excellent therapeutic advantages.

Therefore, huge efforts are focused on developing new drugs based on GPCRs, particularly for the treatment of cancer. This article provides an overview of data that show great promise in new opportunities for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In particular, research on GPCRs is highlighted as promising targets for monoclonal antibodies and, after humanization, as therapeutic drugs
VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS CAPABLE OF NON-CYTOPATHIC REPLICATION: VIRUS PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CELLS WITH VARYING DEGREES OF RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
Authors: Keyer V.V. , Baltabekova A.Zh. , Mahatova A.S. , Shustov A.V.
Published: March 2022

The model alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) exhibits non-cytopathic replication in cell cultures. In this study, the ability of VEE to infect cells of different types was investigated. Non-cytopathic VEE was capable of a persistent infection in cultures of BHK-21 fibroblasts, HEK293T epithelial cells, and X63-Ag8.653 plasma cells, which all show varying abilities to suppress viral replication through an interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism. The ability of VEE to infect a broad range of cell types and replicate without inducing cell death makes this virus an attractive vector for eukaryotic expression. In particular, persistent VEE infection was demonstrated in the myeloid cell line X63, which is capable of an IFN-induced antiviral state. This observation underscores the potential application of VEE-based vectors to drive recombinant protein expression in highly productive plasmacytoma cells.
Factores relacionados y conductas sobre sexting en estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad pública
Authors: Morales Rojas Marco Esteban , Martha Ofelia Martha Ofelia , Benítez Guerrero Verónica , López Flores Juan Fernando
Published: March 2022

Introducción. El sexting se define como el envío de contenido erótico o pornográfico a través de dispositivos digitales, comúnmente el móvil o smartphone, como una expresión de sexualidad cada vez más frecuente, y a pesar de que este fenómeno puede tener lugar con efectos positivos en quienes lo practican, existe muy poca evidencia relacionada con los mecanismos de participación, los motivos que conllevan, la percepción de las consecuencias, entre otros. Algunos autores lo han relacionado con factores como el consumo de sustancias, la promiscuidad y el nivel socioeconómico. Método. Estudio observacional, transversal y relacional, que incluyó a 300 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, en el que se aplicaron dos instrumentos, la escala de conductas sobre sexting y el instrumento de nivel socioeconómico familiar NSE AMAI. Resultados. El 64,7 % declara haber participado en prácticas de sexting, de los cuales el 26,2 % publicó una imagen suya a través de sus redes sociales, el 13,9 % declaró realizarlo cuando bebe alcohol y el 43,8 % reportó que es falso que el sexting los hace sentir inmorales. Se encontraron relaciones de prevalencia e intensidad del sexting con el nivel socioeconómico y la vida sexual activa. Conclusión. Al entender los distintos factores que predominan en esta práctica se pueden desarrollar diferentes intervenciones contextualizadas en los grupos poblacionales de riesgo, que sean accesibles por ambas partes, lo que permite una libre expresión de la sexualidad sin comprometer la seguridad de las personas.
Escolarizaciones intermitentes y la construcción del lugar escuela
Authors: Acuña-Zenoff Maia , Ojeda Mariana , Grinberg Silvia
Published: March 2022

A través de la noción de lugar escuela analizamos dinámicas escolares diarias en contextos de pobreza urbana,las cuales reflejan estrategias docentes desplegadas para ocuparse de estudiantes que,por diversos motivos,presentan asistencias discontinuas que denominamos escolaridades intermitentes.El estudio se centra en los esfuerzos realizados para hacer de la escuela un lugar de permanencia, aprendizaje y protección, dada la precariedad que atraviesa la vida barrial. Los resultados de investigación son fruto de relatos etnográficos obtenidos en una escuela secundaria pública de gestión social en la Provincia del Chaco, Argentina, que se vuelve, dentro del barrio, un espacio de enseñanza, hospitalidad y contención.
Dislocation Equilibrium Positions on Either Side of a Grain Boundary
Authors: Colin Jérôme M.
Published: March 2022

The equilibrium positions of two edge dislocations located on either side of a grain boundary have been determined when a disclination dipole is lying in the boundary. It is found that a configuration where the dislocations are distributed symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry of the grain boundary is selected. This configuration depends on the disclination strength and the dislocation distance from the boundary.