bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destinos heredados: discursos de pérdida territorial en Estados poscoloniales a través del Pacífico (Perú y las Filipinas, 1903-1927)
Authors: Bayona Jorge
Published: February 2021

Entre 1903 y 1927, las élites en Lima y Manila se movilizaron en torno a la defensa de su amenazada integridad territorial. La creación de una administración militar estadounidense separada para las poblaciones musulmanas y lumad (no cristianas) en el archipiélago de Sulu y en el centro y sur de Mindanao fue seguida por conversaciones sobre la separación permanente de estos territorios de las Filipinas, e incluso sobre la anexión completa por parte del recientemente llegado poder colonial (Gowing, 1977; Abinales, 2000). Más o menos en el mismo período, las élites peruanas en Lima también expresaban sus preocupaciones por la posibilidad de la desposesión territorial, en su caso, de los vastos territorios de selva a lo largo de las orillas del río Putumayo, que podrían cometer secesión o acabar en manos de la vecina República de Colombia (Basadre, 1961). La enorme distancia geográfica que separa a Perú de las Filipinas, así como la diferencia en el estatus político entre una república independiente y lo que era aún una posesión colonial, podrían verse como condiciones que impiden un estudio comparativo fructífero entre ambos. No obstante, en este artículo propongo analizar estos procesos dentro de un marco discursivo que puede trascender estas distancias: el del «destino heredado».
Ignacio López-Calvo. Japanese Brazilian Saudades
Authors: Montt Strabucchi María
Published: February 2021

Ignacio López-Calvo es un pionero y prolífico autor en temas asiáticos
en la literatura y cultura latinoamericana. Sus publicaciones abordan distintos
aspectos sobre la presencia asiática en la región, textos escritos por descendientes
de asiáticos, hasta temas sobre identidades y comunidades. Su libro Japanese
Brazilian Saudades: Diasporic Identities and Cultural Productions (Nikkei in the Americas),
explora la formación de un discurso Nikkei (término que utiliza para referirse a
japoneses residiendo en el extranjero, así como también sus descendientes; luego
diferencia entre las distintas generaciones) en la producción cultural, en
portugués, en su mayoría de autores brasileños con ascendencia japonesa. Como
fuentes para su estudio, López-Calvo utiliza literatura (incluyendo no ficción),
cine y cine documental del siglo XX de estos autores, tomando en consideración
el contexto histórico y situacional de cada obra. A partir de ellos observa las
maneras en que se redefinen ideas de “lo brasileño” (braziliannes) y “lo japonés”
(japaneseness) desde una perspectiva nacional y transnacional
Implementation of Project-Based Learning in Physical Education During the Social Distancing Pandemic Covid -19
Authors: Hidayat Afif Khoirul
Published: February 2021

Policy for studying at home caused by the Covid-19 pandemic impacts the Physical Education learning in Schools. This research was held to identify the application of Project-Based Learning methods on Physical Education in enacting Social Distancing Pandemic Covid-19. The way applied in this research is a descriptive method with a quality approach by Creswell. This research is a Grade VIIa students of SMP N 2 Merauke that consists of 29 students. The instrument in this research is a motivation questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The results showed that the application of Project-Based Learning methods on Physical Education, which was conducted independently in each student's home, was done very well and provided a learning experience the same as face-to-face learning. This research concludes that Project Based Learning methods with a blended approach can be used as an example and guidelines of Physical Education teacher in teaching distance learning in the enactment of Social Distancing Pandemic Covid-19.
Level of Physical Activity and Mass Body Index of Students in the Pandemic Period
Authors: S Adi , Da’i Mohamad , Cahyani Olivia Dwi
Published: February 2021

Physical activity is essential in maintaining health. This study aimed to investigate the level of physical activity of students at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire was used to examine students' level of physical activity. Students who participated in this study were 1367. The number of female students in this study was 920, while male students were 447. The results showed there were differences in physical activity between male and female students. The average activity value of male students is three medium categories, while female students are two low categories. The biological activity of male students is one level higher than female students. The female student body mass index is included in the "light fat" category. This can be interpreted as the lower the level of physical activity, the more potentially these students are obese. Simultaneously, the body mass index of male students is included in the "normal" category. In conclusion, the higher the level of physical activity, the more potential the student has a good body mass index.
Physical Activity and Body Mass Index Status of Elderly in Serang Banten Province
Authors: Anugrah Sendy Mohamad , Triprayogo Rian , Zubaida Ida , Alexander Bimo
Published: February 2021

Physical inactivity is considered one of the health problems associated with many types of chronic diseases. The level of physical activity is often used as a parameter for monitoring and evaluation of public health. This monitoring is very important because it helps prevent various illnesses, inactivity and decrease mortality rates for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity and BMI of the elderly in Serang City. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, involving 84 elderly from Serang and Cipocok Jaya districts in Serang City, Banten Province. The level of physical activity was obtained through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) questionnaire. The results showed that the elderly in Serang City had low physical activity with a METs value of 438.6 and had a BMI of 26.4 which was in the obese or obese category. the elderly in Kota Serang have low physical activity and are in the category of obesity or overweight. This research can be used as initial data for related institutions regarding the condition of the elderly in Serang so that it can create activities that have a positive impact on the elderly in Serang City.
Variation Analysis of Body Position Angle of the Race Athlete on Sprint
Authors: Habibie Zein Fiqri , Santoso Danang Ari , Candra Arya T
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the athlete's body position when the sprint race ahead of the opponent in minimizing air exposure (drag effect). The research method used was an experimental, descriptive quantitative approach. The analyzed angle variables are 45 °, 50 °, 55 ° with wind speed flow patterns at 3 points, namely front, top, and back. The results showed the force used to hold the turning angle at a 45 ° variation of 26739.593 N, a 50 ° angle variation of 28971.434 N, and at an interpretation of 55 ° of 30975.985 N. Based on the force used, it can be concluded that 45 ° angle variations are most effective in sprinting, because the position of the body at this angle narrows the air resistance on the bicycle racer so that it becomes light.
PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA SMP
Authors: Idrus Irdam , Ansori Irwandi , Kurniawan Rio
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas belajar dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa  kelas VII SMP 1 Kota Bengkulu dengan menerapkan pendekatan saintifik.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan metode deskriptif, penelitian terdiri dari dua siklus dengan setiap siklusnya terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah satu orang guru IPA dan 32 orang siswa kelas VIIA SMPN 1  Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan tes. Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan, aktivitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik telah terlaksana dengan baik. Data hasil belajar menunjukkan peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan klasikal yang diperoleh sebesar 43,75% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 78,13%. Pada sikus II hasil belajar yang diperoleh telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar klasikal mata pelajaran IPA di SMPN 1 Kota Bengkulu. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA di SMPN 1 Kota Bengkulu dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar IPA siswa SMPKata Kunci: Pendekatan Saintifik, Aktivitas Belajar IPA, Hasil Belajar IPA
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Irawati Sri , Idrus Irdam
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan aktivitas pembelajaran mahasiswa pendidikan biologi pada mata kuliah Kapita Selekta 2 dengan menggunakan model Inquiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Instrumen penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan lembar tes berpikir kritis. Data tentang kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh melalui tes, sedangkan aktivitas belajar siswa diperoleh melalui lembar observasi dengan analisis data menggunakan kriteria penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model inkuiri pada mata pelajaran Kapita Selekta 2 dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, yang diperoleh pada siklus I sebesar 57% dengan kriteria cukup kritis dan meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 68% dengan kriteria kritis. Sedangkan hasil aktivitas belajar siswa selama proses pembelajaran diperoleh pada siklus I rata-rata 24 dengan kriteria baik dan pada siklus II meningkat skor rata-rata 30 dengan kriteria baik. Hasil aktivitas dosen pada siklus I skor rata-rata 26 dengan kriteria baik dan meningkat pada siklus II skor rata-rata 30 dengan kriteria baik. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa di mata kuliah Kapita Selekta 2 Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNIB.Kata Kunci: Berpikir Kritis, Model Inquiry, Kegiatan Pembelajaran
Minimização dos impactos ambientais causados pelos resíduos da indústria têxtil: Uma perspectiva prática
Authors: Albuquerque Ana Carolina Dias de , Corso Marla , Berto Lilian Keylla , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Vasconcelos Eliane Carvalho de , Favaro Silvia Lucia , Rezende Luciana Cristina Soto Herek
Published: February 2021

A preocupação ambiental com os resíduos gerados pelos processos produtivos da indústria têxtil fomentou o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área. O desenvolvimento de novos materiais a partir dos resíduos gerados pela mesma é uma alternativa para destinar todo o material acumulado, agregando assim uma nova aplicação. Tendo também o setor construtivo um papel importante em relação à degradação ambiental no meio urbano, a busca por materiais que visem a sustentabilidade no setor é crescente, demandando diversas pesquisas que buscam o desenvolvimento de novos materiais para o setor. Face a estas considerações, buscou-se desenvolver um material alternativo a partir de resíduos de poliéster incorporados em uma matriz polimérica reciclada. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por Granulometria e MEV, possibilitando identificar as suas propriedades e definir qual a melhor metodologia a ser empregada para confecção dos corpos de prova. Em seguida foram preparados materiais compósitos utilizando diferentes incorporações de poliéster (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% e 50%) em relação à matriz de polipropileno reciclado. Com as análises dos ensaios de tração foi possível determinar que os melhores resultados obtidos ocorreram considerando a incorporação de 16,5% de fibra na matriz de polipropileno reciclado, dado este comprovado por ensaios de tração e impacto posteriores.
Educação em saúde com enfermeiros diante do risco de contaminação por tuberculose durante a consulta de enfermagem
Authors: Cunha Amanda Guimarães , Coelho Ana Karina Rodrigues , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Carrias de , Cardoso Alecsandra Jayná da Silva , Santana Davi Silva , Pereira Neto Gabriel dos Santos , Souza Nathália Oliveira de , Lobato Marinara de Nazaré Araújo , Rocha Camila de Paula Sousa da , Abreu Suely Patrícia Perdigão de
Published: February 2021

Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecciosa e contagiosa transmitida por uma bactéria conhecida como Bacilo de Koch, cientificamente denominada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Trata-se de uma das doenças infecciosas mais antigas, e que apesar de prevenível e curável, ainda na atualidade continua sendo um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública. O profissional de enfermagem encontra-se em risco maior de exposições a doenças transmissíveis, e este aumenta ao realizar procedimentos invasivos, para isso se recomenda o uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência a partir das práticas clínicas nos consultórios de enfermagem, que tratavam pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar correlacionando às negligências, observadas pelos acadêmicos de enfermagem, executadas pelos profissionais da saúde, quanto ao uso incorreto dos EPI’s. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa do tipo relato de experiência, executado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de Belém, após a vivência nas práticas curriculares obrigatórias. Apesar da estrutura do local ser apropriada, com a ventilação e iluminação natural, dispondo de janelas adequadas, e portando um ventilador de pé na sala de consultas direcionando o ar para um ambiente externo, a utilização das máscaras é feita de forma inadequada, quando usadas, durante a consulta. Os casos de TB segundo o Programa Nacional de Luta contra a tuberculose são de 84.8 casos por 100.000 profissionais. Portanto, há necessidade de capacitações destinadas a estes profissionais para uma efetiva prevenção de TB em estabelecimentos de saúde, para assim, diminuir a incidência de casos de tuberculose.
As manifestações da Corrente Positivista na Educação Científica
Authors: Correia Dennis Bezerra , Gurgel Catarina Leite , Alves Rivânia Silva , Bessa Filipe Gutierre Carvalho de Lima , Torres Cicero Magerbio Gomes , Macedo Gledson Ferreira , Fidelis Kleber Ribeiro , Figueirêdo Francileide Vieira , Silveira Samuel Wagner Tiburi , Araújo Espedito Fidelis de , Barros Cícera Vitória Marcelino , Oliveira Maraiza Gregorio de , Santos Luciano Temoteo dos , Sampaio Raimundo Samuel Leite , Silva Viviane Bezerra da , Almeida-Bezerra José Weverton
Published: February 2021

A ciência apresenta muitos traços de correntes filosóficas que existiram na história da humanidade, dentre elas o positivismo. Essa corrente originada no iluminismo tem características marcantes onde a ciência é considerada como uma verdade absoluta, entretanto sabe-se da sua dinamicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar essas manifestações na educação científica em uma escola de educação básica de Quixelô, Ceará. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários a alunos do Ensino Fundamental para a coleta de dados. Foi evidenciado que na escola existem correntes positivistas concernentes à educação científica, isto pode ser evidenciado devido os alunos acreditarem que a ciência é uma verdade absoluta, de modo que apresenta respostas concretas e imutáveis. Sendo assim, percebemos que a corrente positivista está presente na educação básica, sendo necessário a explanação por parte dos docentes de como a ciência está em constante ressignificação.Incluir o resumo.
Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
Authors: Sohn Woon-Mok , Na Byoung-Kuk , Cho Shin-Hyeong , Kim Cheon-Hyeon , Hwang Min-Ah , No Kyeong-Woo , Kim Jai-Dong
Published: February 2021

The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) was surveyed in freshwater fishes from the water systems of Geum-gang (River) in the Republic of Korea (Korea). A total of 1,161 freshwater fishes from 6 local sites of Geum-gang were examined with the artificial digestion method for 4 years (2012-2015). Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 122 (37.2%) out of 328 fishes in the positive fish species from 4 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 43 per fish infected. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 432 (51.7%) out of 835 fishes in the positive fish species from all 6 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 30 per fish infected. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 285 (75.0%) out of 380 fishes in the positive fish species from 6 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 2,100 per fish infected. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 56 (19.7%) out of 284 fishes in the positive fish species from 5 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 10 per fish infected. Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae were detected in 98 (57.3%) out of 171 fishes in the positive fish species from only 2 surveyed areas, and their mean intensity was 11 per fish infected. Conclusively, the endemicity of ZTM is not so high in fishes from water systems of Geum-gang in Korea although it is more or less different by fish species, surveyed areas and ZTM species.
Differentially Expressed Gene Profile of Acanthamoeba castellanii Induced by an Endosymbiont Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Moon Eun-Kyung , Park So-Min , Chu Ki-Back , Quan Fu-Shi , Kong Hyun-Hee
Published: February 2021

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that survives and proliferates within protists such as Acanthamoeba spp. in environment. However, intracellular pathogenic endosymbiosis and its implications within Acanthamoeba spp. remain poorly understood. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis was used to investigate transcriptional changes in A. castellanii in response to L. pneumophila infection. Based on RNA sequencing data, we identified 1,211 upregulated genes and 1,131 downregulated genes in A. castellanii infected with L. pneumophila for 12 hr. After 24 hr, 1,321 upregulated genes and 1,379 downregulated genes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that L. pneumophila endosymbiosis enhanced hydrolase activity, catalytic activity, and DNA binding while reducing oxidoreductase activity in the molecular function (MF) domain. In particular, multiple genes associated with the GO term ‘integral component of membrane’ were downregulated during endosymbiosis. The endosymbiont also induced differential expression of various methyltransferases and acetyltransferases in A. castellanii. Findings herein are may significantly contribute to understanding endosymbiosis of L. pneumophila within A. castellanii.
Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Microcotyle sebastis Isolated from Fish Farms of the Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Song Jun-Young , Kim Keun-Yong , Choi Seo-Woo
Published: February 2021

Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.
Bone metabolism: a note on the significance of mouse models
Authors: Raška O , Bernášková K , Raška I
Published: February 2021

This minireview briefly surveys the complexity of regulations
governing the bone metabolism. The impact of clinical studies
devoted to osteoporosis is briefly summarized and the emphasis
is put on the significance of experimental mouse models based
on an extensive use of genetically modified animals. Despite
possible arising drawbacks, the studies in mice are of prime
importance for expanding our knowledge on bone metabolism.
With respect to human physiology and medicine, one should be
always aware of possible limitations as the experimental results
may not be, or may be only to some extent, transposed to
humans. If applicable to humans, results obtained in mice
provide new clues for assessing unforeseen treatment strategies
for patients. A recent publication representing in our opinion the
important breakthrough in the field of bone metabolism in mice is
commented in detail. It provides an evidence that skeleton is
endocrine organ that affects energy metabolism and osteocalcin,
a protein specifically synthesized and secreted by osteoblasts, is
a hormone involved. If confirmed by other groups and applicable
to humans, this study provides the awaited connection of long
duration between bone disorders on one hand and obesity and
diabetes on the other.
The π-helix formation between Asp369 and Thr375 as a key factor in E1-E2 conformational change of Na+/K+-ATPase
Authors: Tejral G , Koláčná L , Schoner W , Amler E
Published: February 2021

Molecular modeling of the H4-H5-loop of the α2 isoform of Na+/K+-
ATPase in the E1 and E2 conformations revealed that twisting of
the nucleotide (N) domain toward the phosphorylation (P)
domain is connected with the formation of a short π-helix
between Asp369 and Thr375. This conformational change close to
the hinge region between the N-domain and the P-domain could
be an important event leading to a bending of the N-domain by
64.7° and to a shortening of the distance between the ATP
binding site and the phosphorylation site (Asp369) by 1.22 nm
from 3.22 nm to 2.00 nm. It is hypothesized that this shortening
mechanism is involved in the Na+-dependent formation of the
Asp369 phospho-intermediate as part of the overall Na+/K+-
ATPase activity.
Red wine polyphenols prevent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity at the level of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway
Authors: Rezzani R , Tengattini S , Bonomini F , Filippini F , Pecháňová O , Bianchi R , Andriantsitohaina R
Published: February 2021

Flavonoids, polyphenol derivatives of plant origin, possess a
broad range of pharmacological properties. A number of studies
have found both pro/anti-apoptotic effects for many of these
compounds. For these reasons we investigated whether
ProvinolsTM, flavonoids obtained from red wine, have antiapoptotic properties. The investigations have been carried out in
rats treated with Cyclosporine A (CsA). In particular, four groups
of rats have been treated for 21 days with either olive oil (control
group), with CsA, with ProvinolsTM, or with CsA and ProvinolsTM
simultaneously. Oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, body
weight, biochemical parameters and different markers of
pro/anti-apoptotic pathway were measured. CsA produced an
increase of systolic blood pressure, a decrease in body weight,
serum creatinine levels, urinary total protein concentration and
creatinine clearance. Moreover, CsA induced renal alterations and
the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c from cytoplasm to
mitochondria and vice versa. These changes activated the
caspase cascade pathway, that leads to morphological and
biochemical features of apoptosis. ProvinolsTM restored
morphological and biochemical alterations and prevented
nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, this study may augment our
current understanding of the controversial pro-/anti-apoptotic
properties of flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms.
Mathematical Literacy Skills of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students: A Case Study in Pekanbaru
Authors: Putra Muhammad Jaya Adi , Agmadya Tri , Syahrilfuddin Syahrilfuddin
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify and describe the mathematical literacy skills of fifth grade elementary school students. This study was conducted in one of the primary school in Pekanbaru from January to March 2020. The type of research used was a case study. The subject of this research was 37 fifth grade elementary school students. The instrument was arranged referring to the questions issued by PISA. After the instrument were validated by two experts and tested on students, the next step was used to retrieve data. The data collected is then grouped and categorized according to the device that has been created. The results of the data processing showed that most of the subjects had not been able to answer the questions at level 4 or above, while for the answered level it was broken down as follows; the mathematical literacy achievement of fifth grade elementary school students that reached level 1 were 38%, in level 2 there were 54%, and in level 3 there were 8%. From these data results, it appears that in general the fifth-grade elementary school students have a very low level in mathematical literacy skills, meaning that the learning technique they have gained so far has not been able to build mathematical literacy skills.
Farming and Agriculture in Literary Modernism
Authors: Diaper Jeremy
Published: February 2021

This article seeks to cultivate a better understanding of the influence of agriculture and farming on literary modernism. It begins with a brief analysis of agriculture in the work of Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf, before exploring the significance of farming in relation to Ford Madox Ford, John Middleton Murry and T. S. Eliot. Following on from this initial consideration of literary modernism and agriculture, it then proceeds to investigate Ezra Pound's position within environmental modernism, through exploring the influence of the organic husbandry movement on his social and political criticism. In particular, it examines Pound's active engagement with notable organic magazines of the period including the New English Weekly (to which Pound contributed over 200 pieces between 1932–1940 and authored its ‘American Notes’ in 1935) and the Townsman. Through an examination of Pound's affiliation with the organic movement, it will illustrate that their mutual agricultural concerns were invariably connected to the wider financial considerations of economic and monetary reform, including the social credit theories of Major C. H. Douglas.
Looking Forward Backwards
Authors: Hake Barry J
Published: February 2021

Critiques of capitalism have constituted the backbone of political economies addressing living, working, and learning conditions in a variety of forms of capitalism. This paper explores different approaches to representations of the future of (adult) education in capitalist Europe. It examines the 1960s and 1970s as a period when rapid technological change was addressed in studies of the future in Europe by proponents of post-industrial society, New Left public intellectuals, professional futurologists, and critics of late capitalism, envisaged quite different futures for both society and organised adult learning. Attention is subsequently focused on the pan-European project Educating Man for the 21st Century during the early 1970s which envisaged the future as ‘neo-industrial/neo-capitalist society’ in the year 2000. In conclusion, the paper offers a critical account of early encounters with neoliberal politics during the 1970s and early 1980s, particularly the cultural materialist work of Raymond Williams.
Вкус Европы. Антропологическое исследование культуры питания: Коллективная монография
Authors:   Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, Мартынова М.Ю. , Фаис-Леутская О.Д. , Перевозчиков Ю. А. , Загребин А. Е. , Гущян Л. С. , Федченко В. В. , Кожановский А. Н. , Бучатская Ю. В. , Рыжакова С. И. , Любарт М. К. , Кляус М. П. , Водинчар Е. , Новик А. А. , Руднев В. В. , Григорьева Р. А. , Гущян Л. С. , Федченко В. В. , Деметер Н. Г. , Андрюнина М. А. , Голант Н. Г.
Published: February 2021

В фокусе внимания творческого коллектива, объединившего сотрудников Центра европейских исследований Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо- Маклая РАН, Отдела европеистики Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, а также нескольких приглашенных ученых, находится широкий диапазон проблем, связанных с культурой питания и пищевыми практиками европейцев. Исследование, выполненное с позиций социальной антропологии, построено на полевых материалах авторов, архивных и других источниках. При изучении социокультурной роли европейской пищи акцент делается на следующих вопросах: алиментарные практики и истоки традиции, пища и идентичность, система питания и социальность, кухня и гендер, еда как символ и политический инструмент, вкус в культурах, национальная кухня и аутентичные рецепты, трапеза, этикет и обряд. Книга состоит из пяти разделов, поделенных на 16 глав, отличающихся тематикой исследуемых сюжетов, рассматриваемых на материалах конкретного региона, народа или пищевого феномена. Монография представляет интерес для специалистов и широкого круга читателей. The members of the team, which includes researchers coming from the Center for European Studies of the N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Europe of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the RAS, aswell as a number of invited scholars, focused their attention on a broad range of problems related to the Europeans’ food culture and eating habits. The socio-anthropological research is drawing upon the field data collected by the authors, archival and historiographical material, and other kinds of sources. While studying the sociocultural role of food in Europe, special emphasis is given to alimentary practices and sources of the tradition, food and identity, system of nutrition and sociality, cuisine and gender, food as a symbol and a political instrument, taste in cultures, ethnic cuisine and authentic receipts, and meal, etiquette and ritual. The book consists of five parts divided into 16 chapters, each dedicated to its own subject-matter illustrated with examples from a given region, ethnic group, or food-related phenomenon. The monography might be of interest to specialists and also appeal to a large audience.
Application of Random Mutagenesis and Synthetic FadR Promoter for de novo Production of ω-Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Park Beom Gi , Kim Junyeob , Kim Eun-Jung , Kim Yechan , Kim Joonwon , Kim Jin Young , Kim Byung-Gee
Published: February 2021

As a means to develop oleaginous biorefinery,Yarrowia lipolyticawas utilized to produce ω-hydroxy palmitic acid from glucose using evolutionary metabolic engineering and synthetic FadR promoters for cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. First, a base strain was constructed to produce free fatty acids (FFAs) from glucose using metabolic engineering strategies. Subsequently, through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced random mutagenesis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) screening, improved FFA overproducers were screened. Additionally, synthetic promoters containing bacterial FadR binding sequences for CYP expression were designed to respond to the surge of the concentration of FFAs to activate the ω-hydroxylating pathway, resulting in increased transcriptional activity by 14 times from the third day of culture compared to the first day. Then, endogenousalk5was screened and expressed using the synthetic FadR promoter in the developed strain for the production of ω-hydroxy palmitic acid. By implementing the synthetic FadR promoter, cell growth and production phases could be efficiently decoupled. Finally, in batch fermentation, we demonstratedde novoproduction of 160 mg/L of ω-hydroxy palmitic acid using FmeN3-TR1-alk5 in nitrogen-limited media. This study presents an excellent example of the production of ω-hydroxy fatty acids using synthetic promoters with bacterial transcriptional regulator (i.e., FadR) binding sequences in oleaginous yeasts.
Heat-Shock Induces Granule Cell Dispersion and Microgliosis in Hippocampal Slice Cultures
Authors: Weninger Jasmin , Meseke Maurice , Rana Shaleen , Förster Eckart
Published: February 2021

Granule cell dispersion (GCD) has been found in the dentate gyrus (dg) of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and a history of febrile seizures but was also recently observed in pediatric patients that did not suffer from epilepsy. This indicates that GCD might not always be disease related, but instead could reflect normal morphological variation. Thus, distribution of newborn granule cells within the hilar region is part of normal dg development at early stages but could be misinterpreted as pathological GCD. In turn, pathological GCD may be caused, for example, by genetic mutations, such as the reeler mutation. GCD in the reeler mutant goes along with an increased susceptibility to epileptiform activity. Pathological GCD in combination with epilepsy is caused by experimental administration of the glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid in rodents. In consequence, the interpretation of GCD and the role of febrile seizures remain controversial. Here, we asked whether febrile temperatures alone might be sufficient to trigger GCD and used hippocampal slice cultures asin vitromodel to analyze the effect of a transient temperature increase on the dg morphology. We found that a heat-shock of 41°C for 6 h was sufficient to induce GCD and degeneration of a fraction of granule cells. Both of these factors, broadening of the granule cell layer (gcl) and increased neuronal cell death within the gcl, contributed to the development of a significantly reduced packaging density of granule cells. In contrast, Reelin expressing Cajal–Retzius (CR) cells in the molecular layer were heat-shock resistant. Thus, their number was not reduced, and we did not detect degenerating CR cells after heat-shock, implying that GCD was not caused by the loss of CR cells. Importantly, the heat-shock-induced deterioration of dg morphology was accompanied by a massive microgliosis, reflecting a robust heat-shock-induced immune response. In contrast, in the study that reported on GCD as a non-specific finding in pediatric patients, no microglia reaction was observed. Thus, our findings underpin the importance of microglia as a marker to distinguish pathological GCD from normal morphological variation.
Identifying Disease Related Genes by Network Representation and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Bolin , Han Yourui , Shang Xuequn , Zhang Shenggui
Published: February 2021

The identification of disease related genes plays essential roles in bioinformatics. To achieve this, many powerful machine learning methods have been proposed from various computational aspects, such as biological network analysis, classification, regression, deep learning, etc. Among them, deep learning based methods have gained big success in identifying disease related genes in terms of higher accuracy and efficiency. However, these methods rarely handle the following two issues very well, which are (1) the multifunctions of many genes; and (2) the scale-free property of biological networks. To overcome these, we propose a novel network representation method to transfer individual vertices together with their surrounding topological structures into image-like datasets. It takes each node-induced sub-network as a represented candidate, and adds its environmental characteristics to generate a low-dimensional space as its representation. This image-like datasets can be applied directly in a Convolutional Neural Network-based method for identifying cancer-related genes. The numerical experiments show that the proposed method can achieve the AUC value at 0.9256 in a single network and at 0.9452 in multiple networks, which outperforms many existing methods.
Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Predictor of Long-Term Mortality in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Zhou Zhuoming , Liang Mengya , Wu Huawei , Huang Suiqing , Weng Rennan , Hou Jian , Wu Zhongkai
Published: February 2021

Aims: To evaluate the prognostic value of the preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients who underwent cardiac surgery.

Methods: Clinical data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. The optimal cutoff value of LMR was determined by X-tile software. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied for the identification of independent prognostic factors of 4-year mortality and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. In order to balance the influence of potential confounding factors, a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was performed.

Results: A total of 1,701 patients were included. The X-tile software indicated that the optimal cutoff value of the LMR for 4-year mortality was 3.58. After PSM, 489 pairs of score-matched patients were generated. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with an LMR < 3.58 had a significantly higher 4-year mortality than patients with an LMR ≥ 3.58 in the entire cohort (HR = 1.925, 95%CI: 1.509–2.456, p < 0.001) and the PSM subset (HR = 1.568, 95%CI: 1.2–2.05, p = 0.001). The survival curves showed that patients with an LMR < 3.58 had a significant lower 4-year survival rate in the entire cohort (71.7 vs. 88.5%, p < 0.001) and the PSM subset (73.2 vs. 81.4%, p = 0.002).

Conclusions: A lower LMR (<3.58) was associated with a higher risk of 4-year mortality and can serve as a prognostic predictor of the long-term mortality in cardiac surgery patients.
Which Fault Threatens Me Most? Bridging the Gap Between Geologic Data-Providers and Seismic Risk Practitioners
Authors: Scotti Oona , Visini Francesco , Faure Walker Joanna , Peruzza Laura , Pace Bruno , Benedetti Lucilla , Boncio Paolo , Roberts Gerald
Published: February 2021

The aim of the Fault2SHA European Seismological Commission Working Group Central Apennines laboratory is to enhance the use of geological data in fault-based seismic hazard and risk assessment and to promote synergies between data providers (earthquake geologists), end-users and decision-makers. Here we use the Fault2SHA Central Apennines Database where geologic data are provided in the form of characterized fault traces, grouped into faults and main faults, with individual slip rate estimates. The proposed methodology first derives slip rate profiles for each main fault. Main faults are then divided into distinct sections of length comparable to the seismogenic depth to allow consideration of variable slip rates and the exploration of multi-fault ruptures in the computations. The methodology further allows exploration of epistemic uncertainties documented in the database (e.g., main fault definition, slip rates) as well as additional parameters required to characterize the seismogenic potential of fault sources (e.g., 3D fault geometries). To illustrate the power of the methodology, in this paper we consider only one branch of the uncertainties affecting each step of the computation procedure. The resulting hazard and typological risk maps allow both data providers and end-users 1) to visualize the faults that threaten specific localities the most, 2) to appreciate the density of observations used for the computation of slip rate profiles, and 3) interrogate the degree of confidence on the fault parameters documented in the database (activity and location certainty). Finally, closing the loop, the methodology highlights priorities for future geological investigations in terms of where improvements in the density of data within the database would lead to the greatest decreases in epistemic uncertainties in the hazard and risk calculations. Key to this new generation of fault-based seismic hazard and risk methodology are the user-friendly open source codes provided with this publication, documenting, step-by-step, the link between the geological database and the relative contribution of each section to seismic hazard and risk at specific localities.
Optimal Transponder Array and Survey Line Configurations for GNSS-A Observation Evaluated by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Nakamura Yuto , Yokota Yusuke , Ishikawa Tadashi , Watanabe Shun-ichi
Published: February 2021

The Global Navigation Satellite System-Acoustic ranging combination technique (GNSS-A) has enabled us to measure seafloor crustal deformation in the precision of centimeters, leading to numerous discoveries of subseafloor tectonic phenomena. The moving observation conducted by our research group allows us to measure both the horizontal and vertical absolute positions of a reference point on the seafloor. However, the observation frequency of our GNSS-A observation system is still insufficient to observe short-term phenomena. This paper focused on the possibility to reduce the observation time per a seafloor site by shrinking the seafloor transponder array size and the survey line radius, which were empirically defined to be equal to the seafloor site depth in the early research. We evaluated the effects of changing these sizes on the GNSS-A positioning accuracy by conducting a series of numerical experiments. The results of the numerical experiments indicated that for a seafloor site with a depth of 3,000 m, the positioning accuracy is rapidly degraded as the transponder array size and the survey line radius are reduced to less than 3,000 m. Additional experiments done for transponder array sizes and survey line radii around 2,000–4,000 m revealed that shrinking the survey line radius has a dominant effect on the decrease in positioning accuracy. Thus, shrinking the transponder array size and the survey line radius is not a suitable option for reducing observation time, and the empirically defined observation configurations are concluded to be quite optimal when regarding both the positioning accuracy and the observation time.
Genetic Effects of the Schizophrenia-Related Gene DTNBP1 in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Tao Hua , Zhou Xu , Chen Jun , Zhou Haihong , Huang Lidan , Cai Yujie , Fu Jiawu , Liu Zhou , Chen Yanyan , Sun Chaowen , Zhao Bin , Zhong Wangtao , Li Keshen
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have reported patients who concurrently exhibit conditions of epilepsy and schizophrenia, indicating certain shared pathologies between them. This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects of the schizophrenia-related gene DTNBP1 in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A total of 496 TLE patients and 528 healthy individuals were successfully genotyped for six DTNBP1 polymorphisms (rs760665, rs1011313, rs2619528, rs2619522, rs909706, and rs2619538), including 335 TLE patients and 325 healthy controls in cohort 1, and 161 TLE patients and 203 healthy controls in cohort 2. The frequency of the TT genotype at rs909706 T > C was lower in TLE patients than in normal controls in the initial cohort (cohort 1), which was confirmed in an independent cohort (cohort 2). However, the intronic T allele failed to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with any functional variations nearby; thus, together with the CCAC and TCAT haplotypes (rs1011313-rs2619528-rs2619522-rs909706) observed in the study, this allele acts only as a protective factor against susceptibility to TLE. Meanwhile, a novo mutant allele rs2619538 T > A was exclusively observed in TLE patients, and a dual-luciferase assay revealed that the mutant allele was increased by approximately 22% in the DTNBP2 promoter compared with the wild-type allele. Together with the trend of increasing DTNBP1 expression in epilepsy patients and animal models in this study, these are the first findings to demonstrate the genetic association of DTNBP1 with TLE. Homozygous mutation of rs2619538 T > A likely promotes DTNBP1 expression and facilitates subsequent processes in epilepsy pathologies. Thus, the role of DTNBP1 in TLE deserves further exploration in the future.
Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Antagonizes Interferon-β Production via Blocking the Interaction Between TRAF3 and TBK1
Authors: Zhou Zhihai , Sun Yuan , Xu Jingya , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhou Ling , Li Qianniu , Lan Tian , Ma Jingyun
Published: February 2021

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), first discovered in 2017, is a porcine enteric coronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS) in piglets. Here, we studied the role of SADS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein in innate immunity. Our results showed that SADS-CoV N protein could inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production mediated by Sendai virus (Sev) and could block the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Simultaneously, the IFN-β promoter activity mediated by TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) or its upstream molecules in the RLRs signal pathway was inhibited by SADS-CoV N protein. Further investigations revealed that SADS-CoV N protein could counteract interaction between TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TBK1, which led to reduced TBK1 activation and IFN-β production. Our study is the first report of the interaction between SADS-CoV N protein and the host antiviral innate immune responses, and the mechanism utilized by SADS-CoV N protein provides a new insight of coronaviruses evading host antiviral innate immunity.
ORMDL3 Functions as a Negative Regulator of Antigen-Mediated Mast Cell Activation via an ATF6-UPR-Autophagy–Dependent Pathway
Authors: Li Jia , Ullah Md Ashik , Jin Hongping , Liang Yuting , Lin Lihui , Wang Juan , Peng Xia , Liao Huanjin , Li Yanning , Ge Yiqin , Li Li
Published: February 2021

Antigen (Ag)-mediated mast cell activation plays a critical role in the immunopathology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases. Restraining the signaling cascade that regulates the release of mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators is an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat allergic diseases. Orosomucoid-like-3 (ORMDL3) regulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. Although ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway is crucial in Ag-induced mast cell activation, it is unknown whether ORMDL3 regulates the ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway during mast cell activation. In this study, we found that ORMDL3 expression was downregulated in Ag-activated MC/9 cells. Overexpression of ORMDL3 significantly inhibited degranulation, and cytokine/chemokine production, while the opposite effect was observed with ORMDL3 knockdown in MC/9 cells. Importantly, ORMDL3 overexpression upregulated mediators of ERS-UPR (SERCA2b, ATF6) and autophagy (Beclin 1 and LC3BII). Knockdown of ATF6 and/or inhibition of autophagy reversed the decreased degranulation and cytokine/chemokine expression caused by ORMDL3 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of ORMDL3 and/or ATF6 enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in mouse ears. These data indicate that ORMDL3 suppresses Ag-mediated mast cell activation via an ATF6 UPR-autophagy dependent pathway and thus, attenuates anaphylactic reaction. This highlights a potential mechanism to intervene in mast cell mediated diseases.