bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF SIMULATORS FOR LABORATORY EQUIPMENT IN ACTIVITY OF INVESTIGATIVE PLAYFUL EXPERIMENTATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: OLIVEIRA N. , BENEDETI F.E. , FIORUCCI A.R. , BENEDETTI L.P. dos S. , BELOTO M.R.M. de O.
Published: September 2021

This article relates the construction and the use of simulators of laboratory materials in activities of simple experimentation, using material and alternative reagent. Apart from not residually interfering with the environment, the manipulation of the aforementioned materials does not expose students to any risk. Thereby, such activities can be developed especially in those schools in which a laboratory is not available. The simulators perfectly responded to the expected purposes of the activities, demonstrating the possibility of becoming an excellent didactic resource. The 50 minutes period was enough to develop each individual activity; furthermore, the classroom was the physical space used for the execution of such activities. At the beginning, a study case was presented and students were encouraged to formulate and discuss their hypothesis. In the course of the activities, it was possible to bring students to deconstruct concepts of common sense related to the themes discussed – acid, base, separation of mixtures, amongst others – reconstructing them from the scientific sense. This reconstruction took place in a relaxed atmosphere in which mistakes were corrected without resulting in embarrassments. Meanings were not imposed; instead, they were built by all. Some students reconsidered their initial concepts – incorrect knowledge they had about a specific phenomenon – welcoming the ideas from other students who were better able to explain such phenomenon.
USING MS-VISUAL STUDIO AND ARDUINO TO DO TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: LORSCHEITER Thiago Aguirre , PAIM João Paulo Silveira , DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini , SILVA Isaac Newton Lima
Published: September 2021

This work was carried out as an exercise in developing open source software to interface with free hardware. In this work a software was developed to perform serial communication between a computer (PC) and the Arduino, aiming at the simultaneous recording of two temperatures measured by type K thermocouples as a function of time. The temperatures measured by the analog instruments, thermocouples type K, were converted into digital signals through the MAX6675 and sent to the PC via the Arduino serial port. At the computer these data were expressed graphically in real time through the application developed for this purpose and then stored in files compatible with spreadsheets for subsequent mathematical analysis.
ELECTRONIC POLARIZABILITIES OF NEODYMIUM AND ERBIUM MALEATES HYDRATED
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , MELO Roseane Maria de , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

The oscillator strength and the polarizability electronic have been used to evaluate modifications in the levels of energy of metallic ions in the coordination compound. The first property evaluates the disturbance in the states of energy caused by the force of the ligand field of the groups of atoms that are linked with the metal. The second property evaluates the easiness in which the electric field of the radiation promotes an electronic transition. In this work they were appraised these properties for the neodymium and erbium hydrated maleates. In agreement with the results, it was possible to observe that there is a significant increase in the deformation of the electronic cloud of the ion Nd3+, in the transition of smaller energy. In the erbium maleate an increase was also observed in the polarizability, in the transition of smaller energy.. We ended that, in these systems, the spectral area of low energy influenced more in the deformation of the electronic cloud of the species.
CHARACTERISATION OF Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) AND Cu(II) COMPLEXES OF SALICYLSALICYCLICACID HYDRAZONE BY PHYSICO-CHEMICAL METHODS
Authors: VINNAKOTA Srilalitha , ALURU Raghavendra Guru Prasad , KAKARLA Ramana Kumar , VAHI Seshagiri , LAXMAN RAO KRISHNA RAO Ravindranath
Published: September 2021

The complexes of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with salicylsalicyclicacid hydrazone (SSAH) were synthesized. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, UV-Vis, IR and 1H NMR spectra, as well as by thermal analysis, molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements. The tentative geometry of the complexes was proposed in each case and it was proposed that the metal ions under study form 1:1 complex with the ligand.
DISTRIBUITION OF 226Ra AND 228Ra IN UNDERGROUND WATER INTO THE SOUTH REGION OF SAO PAULO STATE
Authors: CARVALHO DE JESUS Sueli , CHIRINOS Hugo
Published: September 2021

Monitor of natural radionuclides in aquatic raw is very important to guaranty the normal control level in the environmental medium and the human. In this report were available the concentration of 226Ra and 228Ra in Cananeia’s underground water, Iguape and Comprida Island into the south region of Sao Paulo state, by gross alpha and beta counting method. The concentration of 226Ra was variety into the interval 0.80 to 23 mBqL-1 in April/2009 (rain period) and into the interval 0.63 to 12 mBqL -1in August/2009 (dried period). The concentration of 228Ra was variety into the interval 18 to 39 mBqL-1 in April/2009 and into the interval 15 to 72 mBqL-1 in August/2009. The Activities ratio of 228Ra/226Ra was variety into the interval 3.3 to 31.7 at rain period and 1.1 to 26.7 at dried period. To compare the yield values of 226Ra and 228Ra these show high activity of the 228Ra isotope. The calculate dose no arising the reference of effective dose level available by WHO.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PARACETAMOL AND TABLETS OF REFERENCE, GENÉRIC AND SIMILAR
Authors: MORAIS Francisca Edivânia , CABRAL Sheila Pricila Marques , ARAUJO Eliane Gonçalves , MARTINEZ-HUITLE Carlos Alberto , FERNANDES Nedja Suely
Published: September 2021

The present study utilized the thermoanalytical techniques (TG, DTG, DTA and DSC) to evaluate the thermal behavior of tablets containing paracetamol and marketed as reference, generic and similar. The samples were also characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction and SEM. The TG/DTG curves presented similar behaviour indicanting a low influence of the excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations. The DTA and DSC curves showed an endothermic peak between about 165.0 and 195.0 oC characteristic of melting of paracetamol in all samples. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed similarities and characterized the compounds as crystallines. The micrographs indicated heterogeneity in particle size.
APPLICATION OF A EDUCATIONAL GAME AS RESOURCE FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY
Authors: SILVA C.K.O. , NOGUEIRA J.P.A. , SOUZA H.Y.S.
Published: September 2021

Most of the high school students have an aversion to the subject of chemistry. This fact is, probably, due to the complexity of the phenomena involved in chemical transformations and little interdisciplinarity and /or transdisciplinarity in relation to the daily life of students and with other subjects. Therefore, the teacher must find ways to assist the pedagogical teaching-learning process in chemistry. The development of modern and simple strategies, using experiments, games and other teaching resources, is recommended to streamline the process of learning chemistry. The aim of this work was to employ a game as a didactical resource to facilitate the teaching-learning process in chemistry. The game used was Sudoku, and the version employed was called Sudokímica. The material was applied in three high school classes of a public school in Natal-RN, Brazil. The didactical resource was successful in the sense of facilitating and integrating the scientific and daily life knowledge of the students. It can be concluded that the game, Sudokímica can be considered good alternative to supplementary material in the teaching-learning process in chemistry through for resolution of problems.
Карстовая денудация как фактор ландшафтогенеза Центрального Черноземья
Authors: Михно Владимир Борисович , Горбунов Анатолий Станиславович
Published: September 2021

Карстовая денудация на протяжении неоген-четвертичного периода играет одну из ведущих ролей в формировании как палеоландшафтов, так и современных природно- территориальных комплексов Центрального Черноземья. Во многих районах она предопределяет процессы литоландшафтогенеза и существенно влияет на специфику хозяйственной деятельности. В связи с этим авторами предпринята попытка рассмотреть современную ситуацию с распространением карста в регионе, дополнить имеющиеся сведения по географии карстового процесса, выявить основные факторы, влияющие на интенсивность карстовой денудации. Работа базируется на многолетних полевых исследованиях, проведенных авторами на территории региона, в результате которых были выявлены основные ареалы распространения карстовых ландшафтов в Центральном Черноземье. Эти сведения были дополнены современным данными по распространению карста, полученными в результате дешифрирования космических снимков высокого разрешения. В результате на территории региона было выявлено более 15 тыс. карстовых и карстово-суффозионных форм рельефа, обозначены новые ареалы развития карстовой денудации для Липецкой области. Итогом работ стала впервые созданная для Центрального Черноземья карта плотности карстовых и карстово-суффозионных ландшафтов. Наряду с этим были определены основные факторы, влияющие на интенсивность протекания карстовых процессов: глубина залегания карбонатных пород, их вещественный и химический состав, трещиноватость и химическая агрессивность природных вод. В заключении акцентировано внимание на прикладном аспекте изучения карстового ландшафтогенеза.
Оценка современного состояния озер низовья реки Индигирка
Authors: Левина Сардана Николаевна , Давыдова Парасковья Васильевна , Баишева Изабелла Антоновна
Published: September 2021

Северо-Восток Якутии представляет собой регион с большим количеством озер, которые достаточно сильно реагируют на внешние изменения окружающей среды и являются крупным резервуаром запасов пресной воды, тем не менее арктические водные экосистемы до сих пор слабоизучены. Исследование морфометрических, гидрохимических характеристик озер позволит получить новые сведения о состоянии водоемов и о его влиянии на жизнедеятельность одной из наиболее чувствительных групп гидробионтов – диатомовых водорослей. Изученные водоемы были сгруппированы по растительным зонам (субарктическая тундра, лесотундра и северная тайга). По происхождению котловин озера являются водно-эрозионными, эрозионно- термокарстовыми, термокарстовыми и ледниковыми. Основная масса озер охарактеризована малой глубиной, вода исследуемых водных объектов ультрапресная, мягкая. В диатомовой флоре озер зарегистрировано 257 видов (в т.ч. 4 разновидности) диатомей, относящихся к 75 родам, 30 семействам и 3 классам, ее структура указывает на относительно малую глубину и размеры исследуемых озер, для воды которых характерны повышенный водородный показатель и малая минерализация. Расчетные значения индекса сапробности позволяют отнести воды озер субарктических территорий и северной тайги к категории чистых, воды озер лесотундры – к категории умеренно загрязненных. Авторами впервые выполнен сбор и составление единой базы данных водоемов бассейна реки Индигирка и осуществлена оценка уровня загрязненности экосистем водоемов реки с применением диатомового анализа. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы как данные о современном состоянии природных водоемов для целей фонового мониторинга окружающей среды, а также для информационного обеспечения заинтересованных субъектов при реализации хозяйственных и водохозяйственных мероприятий на территории бассейна р. Индигирка.
Развитие российских городов после пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Кочуров Борис Иванович , Блинова Элеонора Анатольевна , Ивашкина Ирина Вадимовна
Published: September 2021

Пандемия коронавируса со всей очевидностью поставила вопрос об адаптации и самодостаточности городов в условиях распространения опасных вирусов. Несмотря на рост публикаций по этой проблематике, практически отсутствуют работы по комплексному подходу к оценке уязвимости и приспособления городов к внешним и внутренним шокам и угрозам. В связи с этим целью данного исследования является прогнозирование развития городов после пандемии коронавируса. Исследование проводились на основе комплексного анализа в области геоэкологии, экономической и социальной географии, урбоэкологии и градостроительства и представлений о городе как сложной системе – урбогеоэкосистеме. Обзор публикаций о COVID-19 показал, что за год пандемия нанесла экономике и жизненному укладу населения городов ущерб, несопоставимый с финансовыми и экономическими кризисами, стихийными бедствиями, военными и геополитическими конфликтами. Стали очевидными несостоятельность современной градостроительной политики городов и концепция пространственного развития регионов страны. По мнению авторов, необходимо создание эколого-градостроительных структур, рассредоточение и отказ от уплотнения застройки на основе принципов зеленого и умного города с широким использованием информационных технологий, способствующих безопасному проживанию населения. Полученные результаты могут являться основой для развития новых научных направлений в исследовании урбогеоэкосистем – урбоэкодиагностики, ковидного градостроительства и эколого-градостоительного планирования и проектирования.
Экологическое состояние водных ресурсов рек Ирака
Authors: Везенцев Александр Иванович , Кзар Даилал Али , Воловичева Наталья Александровна , Королькова Светлана Викторовна , Аль-Атея Анвер Тхамер Агхаяд
Published: September 2021

Основными направлениями использования вод в Ираке являются орошение, выработка электроэнергии и питьевое водоснабжение. При этом наиболее активным потребителем воды является сельское хозяйство. В настоящей работе рассмотрена проблема загрязнения природной пресной воды рек Ирака катионами тяжелых металлов, поскольку к настоящему времени данный аспект недостаточно изучен. Целью исследования является комплексный сравнительный анализ уровня содержания тяжелых металлов в водах реки Евфрат. Показано, что бесконтрольный сброс в речные бассейны рек Тигр и Евфрат сточных вод, имеющих высокое содержание поллютантов бытового и техногенного происхождения, привело к прогрессирующей неудовлетворительной экологической ситуации. Приведены результаты разовых экспериментальных исследований проб воды реки Евфрат из 8 станций водозабора. Выявлено превышение в природных водах предельно допустимой концентрации катионов таких тяжелых металлов, как никель, кадмий и свинец более чем в 200 раз. Сделан вывод о том, что Загрязнение природной воды рек Ирака является следствием не только климатических особенностей, но и отсутствия должного надзора за предприятиями, осуществляющими бесконтрольный сброс сточных вод в природную гидросферу и неудовлетворительным состоянием городских очистных сооружений.
Проблемы инженерно-экологических изысканий: почвенные аспекты
Authors: Новых Евгения Александровна , Волошенко Ирина Викторовна , Новых Лариса Леонидовна
Published: September 2021

Проведен анализ основных нормативных документов, регулирующих экологический блок инженерных изысканий, в связи с их актуализацией. Изыскания в России в настоящее время проводятся на фоне незавершенного внедрения субстантивно генетической классификации почв и проблем номенклатуры генетических горизонтов. Для обеспечения сопоставления результатов изысканий с ранее полученными материалами предложено характеристику почв давать по разным классификациям: для природных почв ‒ по классификации 1977 г., для преобразованных почв и почвоподобных тел ‒ 2004–2008 гг. Систему индексации генетических горизонтов почв для исследований в составе инженерно-экологических изысканий предложено дополнить индексами, которые отображают особенности преобразованных почв.
Геоэкологическая оценка почв в основных районах виноградарства Крымского полуострова
Authors: Зеленская Евгения Яковлевна , Маринина Ольга Андреевна
Published: September 2021

На Крымском полуострове одной из главных отраслей сельского хозяйства является виноградарство. Правительством РФ были поддержаны законопроекты, которые направлены на увеличение объемов производства, а также повышение качества виноградной продукции. Влияние на качество вин свойств почвы и ее плодородия определяет важную роль ампелоэкологии, которая опирается на результаты комплексного почвенно-генетического и биогеохимического изучения виноградных почв. На сегодняшний день наименее исследованы почвенные условия Крыма с учетом требований ампелоэкологии, отсутствуют четкие разграничения территории по степени пригодности почв под виноградники. Поэтому целью данного исследования является установление биогеохимических особенностей виноградных почв отдельных регионов, которые отличаются по ампелоэкологическим критериям. В результате были выявлены территории виноградников, которые по концентрации тяжелых металлов в почве превышали предельно-допустимые нормы по следующим химическим элементам: As, Pb, Ni, Cu, V, Cr. При этом на всех исследуемых почвах наблюдается дефицит (более чем на 30 %) питательных элементов (CaО и P2O5), необходимых для роста, цветения и созревания плодов, в верхнем почвенном горизонте (А) по отношению к горизонту В. Это может негативно сказываться на вкусовых качествах винограда. Полученные результаты вносят определённый вклад в обоснование дальнейшего развития винодельческой отрасли на Крымском полуострове. При оптимизации питания виноградного растения на основе специализированного набора показателей в системе почвенно-экологического мониторинга можно добиться повышения и улучшения винодельческой продукции.
An Introductory Study of Manuscripts of Khwāja Obāidullah Multani
Authors: Hassan Mahmood Hafiz Muhammad , Bhadro Mazhar Hussain
Published: September 2021

Research in manuscripts is an essential and inevitable part of Islamic Sciences. Scholastic and historical essence of beliefs and commandments including social values lie in manuscripts. Manuscripts not only introduce new generation with predecessors but also provide principles leading towards future destination. Manuscripts enable one to recognize human being and it becomes possible to look through embrasure of the past. These reflect one's familiarity with evolutionary phases as well as dogmatic thoughts. When printing press was not invented and access of scholastic community to this printing press was beyond their limits, people formulated manuscripts to save their memories. Here is presented a brief introduction of repository of manuscripts on Islamic jurisprudence compiled by a well known personality of 13th century hijrī, Mufti Khwāja Ubāidullah Multani.

This Paper provides a brief introduction o the fourteen manuscripts of Khwāja Ubāidullah Multani on Islamic jurisprudence .Methodology of these manuscripts is analyzed and explained by quotations. The writer had surely considered the time and space factor in analyzing jurisprudential issues. In all his Persian, Arabic and Urdu manuscripts Islamic laws and their details has been discussed in ordinary terms for the better understanding of general public.
A Descriptive Analysis of Barriers Faced by Females in Acquiring Higher Education; A Study of District Zhob, Baluchistan in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam  (CA) Hina , Muneer Saima , Khan Aisha
Published: September 2021

The current research was centered on the scholarly issues and social barriers faced by female students to get affirmation in higher education. The study expected to discover the difficulties, which the respondents needed to face to conquer the social impediments in getting advanced education. The review concentrated on huge number of social obstructions and difficulties, budgetary issues and scholastic issues that female needed to confront. Quantitative research approach was utilized to uncover the experience of respondents which they encountered while getting affirmation in college. The research was being conducted in District Zhob, Baluchistan Province, since it was encompassed by for the most part country Areas. Population of the present review comprised of the female understudies contemplating in different instructive organizations. The discoveries demonstrate that different variables in charge of social prohibition of young ladies from education area in Pakistan incorporate preservationist state of mind of family and inclination to kid's training. Not with standing this, female understudies likewise tended to face impression of their families about co-education as social and religious variables to advanced education in Pakistan. The focus acknowledged with this class was "saw fears and dangers to family respect". As the individuals from conservative society, families had for the most part negative demeanor for females towards advanced education.
Political and Administrative Secularization of the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Ali Safdar
Published: September 2021

The Ottoman empire was established in the last decades of the 13th century by the efforts of a Turkish Osman-I and continued till early 20th century. His father Ertugral Ghazi migrated from Mangolia towards Middle Eastern regions and worked as employ of the Saljuks. The Saljuks built a powerful Muslim empire in Central and Southwest Asia decades before, after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire. However, after its decline Ottoman Turks established the Empire, which was a typical combination of Western and Eastern multi-cultural societies and their traditions. According to the historians and many writers, it was an Islamic state, but in fact, it based on the secularism and non-Islamic traditions. The Ottomans used religion-Islam to make integrity in the conquered areas of the Islamic world and the western regions, because they felt that the religion could play a vital role in the establishment of strong empire. In the early sixteenth century, the Ottoman ruler got the title of caliph and became the custodians of Hermain-ul-Sharefain because the caliph ideally played a role as a spiritual and political leader of the Muslim world. So, it remained under the influence of Islamism, but after many decades the secularization of the empire reemerged and it transformed into a secular/modern empire. The proposed paper focuses on the emerging elements of the secularism in the empire after its establishment. The research study is based on the theoretical and analytical approaches of research to investigate that it was substantially a religious state or used religion Islam as the instrument to get the stability and favour of the Muslim world.
Mughal Men’s Head Ornaments with an Emphasize on Turban Ornaments and their Connection with European Aigrette
Authors: Muhammad Ahsan Bilal  , Sonia Nasir Khan
Published: September 2021

Jewelry is main aspect of dressing and Mughal Jewelry is a fascinating theme to explore. Its styles can be traced through the paintings that clearly give accurate information of the style and variety of ornaments that were used during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Jewelry is considered the feminine adornment part but miniature shows the beautiful ornamentation of Mughal emperors also with variation in sizes and design. This article discusses the Mughal male head ornaments and study is focused on the turban ornamentations. As man’s turban is his sacrosanct property and variety of turban ornaments were used by Mughals. This paper is an attempt to understand and examine that how the Mughal turban ornament develops from simple feather to piece of complex jewelry designs and how other culture helps in its development. Why Mughal emperors worn such gemstones in headdress and which techniques were used for its decoration? Is there any specific reason of using such gemstones or just for ornamentations purposes? In the end it concludes that sarpech shapes helps in the development of European aigrette and became a part of European jewelry that later helped in the modification of turban ornaments and Euro-Indian sarpech-aigrette appeared with more delicate style.
LONG-TERM MODEL AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE IN BULGARIA
Authors:   Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Atanasov Nikolay
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study is to build a long-term model and conduct a Monte Carlo simulation of the public health expenditure (PHE) of Bulgaria with the gross domestic product (GDP) as an independent variable. Material/Methods: Statistical models are used for modeling the long-term dependence between the macroeconomic dynamic rows, testing of hypotheses of stationarity (Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests), for serial autocorrelation and others. Results: There is a well-defined, statistically significant long-term relationship between public health expenditure and gross domestic product. The long-term model of health expenditure has an estimate of the cointegration constant of 1.023 (p-value < 0.05). Monte Carlo simulations are presented with 1 000, 2 000 and 3 000 experiments, generated based on the normal distribution of the input variable. Conclusions: In the period after the year 1990, a well-defined long-term relationship between public health expenditure and GDP exists. The Monte Carlo simulation can be regarded as a reliable instrument for studying the most likely fluctuations in health expenditure caused by the GDP.
MODEL KAJIAN KOMPETENSI PEGAWAI, EFEKTIVITAS PERALATAN GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PT. JASA ANGKASA SEMESTA
Authors: Agusinta Lira , Nugroho Aji Endra , Fachrial Peppy , Suryawan Ryan Firdiansyah
Published: September 2021

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh tiga variabel kompetensi pegawai, efektivitas peralatan Ground Support Equipment (Peralatan Penunjang Pelayanan Darat Pesawat Udara) dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pada PT. Jasa Angkasa Semesta di Bandar Udara Soekarno-Hatta Jakarta, Metode penelitian ; metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini secara lagsung dan tidak langsung, Untuk pengaruh langsung antara variabel kompetensi pegawai, efektivitas peralatan GSE dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kualitas pelayanan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan Bagian Operasional PT. Jasa Angkasa Semesta di Bandar Udara Soekarno-Hatta Jakarta, memiliki urutan yaitu kepuasan kerja sebesar 0.489 atau 48.9%, kompetensi pegawai 0.262 atau 26.2% dan efektivitas peralatan GSES sebesar 0.262 atau 26.2%, dan pengaruh tidak langsung dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi pegawai memberikan kontribusi terhadap kepuasan kerja disebabkan oleh kemampuan-kemampuan yang dimiliki pegawai dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan karena mampu memenuhi target dan tujuan perusahaan yang telah ditentukan kepuasan tersendiri oleh para pegawai.
The fisheries resources at sub-zones irrigation works of Omon - Xano and Quan Lo - Phung Hiep in the Ca Mau peninsula
Authors: Mai Van V.
Published: September 2021

A study on the fisheries resources at sub-zones irrigation works of O Mon - Xa No and Quan Lo - Phung Hiep in the Ca Mau Peninsula was conducted from January to December 2016. The data on fish species compositions were collected from the field in six times a year in combination with using the prepared questionnaire for interviews of 240 fishing households inside and outside the irrigation system (IS) area in two freshwater and brackish water ecosystems. The results showed that the composition of fish species in the study area was diverse. The size of major fish species recorded in the study area was relatively small. The production of fish and shrimp in 2016 decreased by 50 - 60% as compared to 2012 and the production inside the IS area was lower than that outside the IS area in both ecosystems. Some indigenous fish species, such as Channalucius, Notopterus notopterus, Clarias macrocephalus, Clarias batrachus, Morulius chrysophekadion and Toxotes chatareus were rarely found in freshwater ecosystems. Similarly, the indigenous fish species of Arius maculatus and Otolithoides biauritus were rarely found in brackish water. Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus has established populations in many natural water bodies in this study area resulting in a threat to competition, diversity and abundance of indigenous fish species. There were many reasons for the significant decline of fisheries resources; for example, the IS has blocked the migration of aquatic species. Many fishermen used electricity, poisoning, catching broodfish and fry during breeding season and water pollution by waste from aquaculture pond rehabilitation in the study area. Thus, it is necessary to deploy a community-based model of fishery resources management and preservation in the Ca Mau Peninsula.
Determination of cry2A genes in Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from southern provinces of Vietnam
Authors: Truong Hoang P. T.
Published: September 2021

In 27 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from southern provinces of Vietnam with ability to produce bipyramidal inclusions, 21 isolates were positive for cry2A-type genes via PCR methods. Analysis of DNA sequences revealed the amplified products belonged to cry2A-type genes of B. thuringiensis with identity above 90% compared with cry2A sequences published on GenBank sequence database. The identity values of the amplified products of the isolates BT5 and TN7.1 with cry2A group primers were 97% and 99%, respectively, while the identity of 99% were observed in the PCR products of TN7.1 with specific primers for partial sequences of cry2Aa and cry2Ab. These results may be useful for prediction of insecticidal activity of the B. thuringiensis isolates and development of new bioinsecticide products.
Participation of community in the implementation of new rural development program in Tra Vinh province: Status and solutions
Authors: Doan Minh T. N.
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the current status and proposed solutions for improving the engagement of communities in development of New rural village in Tra Vinh province. The study was conducted in 3 districts of Tra Vinh province namely Tra Cu, Tieu Can and Cang Long districts by interviewing of 405 households. Statistical descriptive analysis, factor analysis, problem tree and solution tree were used. Results showed that the levels of participation depended on the wealth of household groups (rich, medium, poor and near poor). Rich household group contributed more than other groups. Three factors were found as influencing factors to the participation of communities such as (1) Culture, social situation and public services, (2) Planning, infrastructure and production organization, (3) Household status and local government, with human, social, financial and physical capital figures. Based on the analysis, two overall solution groups (internal and external driving forces) from 2 main problems (subjective and objective factors) were proposed (1) Upgrading individual household capacity and (2) Improving attractive factors of community participation.
Effects of lime and coco peat on the uptake of Cadmium in peanut grown on alluvial soil without compensation in An Phu - An Giang
Authors: Do Loc T. V.
Published: September 2021

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil has been identified as an issue for many districts in An Giang province. This study aimed to (i) assess the status of content Cd in soil using cultivation in An Phu district, An Giang province, (ii) investigate the influence of liming and cocopeat on reducing the absorption of Cd to peanut. The single-factor experiment was designed in a completely random block (4 treatments and 4 replicates). Treatments were based on the amount of lime and cocopeat fertilizers for peanut crops, specifically as follows: liming (5 tons/ha); cocopeat (5 tons/ha); combine lime (5 tons/ha) with cocopeat (5 tons/ha); control (no lime, cocopeat). The results showed that all soil samples used for peanut cultivation were highly Cd contaminated (from 235 to 240 μg/kg). The treatment combination of lime (5 tonnes/ha) with cocopeat (5 tons/ha) reduced the level of Cd in peanuts (from 34% to 19%). The combination treatments lime and cocopeat had the lowest Cd contaminations compared to other treatments. The average levels of Cd in the peanut body and nut were 81.0 μg/kg and 27 μg/kg respectively. It can be concluded that liming combined with cocopeat can be the most suitable treatment for reducing Cd contamination in peanut cultivation.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer doses on growth and yield of Java lemongrass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jawitt) in Gia Lai province
Authors: Pham Tam T. M.
Published: September 2021

Java lemongrass is commonly cultivated in Vietnam for the food industry and traditional medicine. To achieve high productivity, the application of fertilizer is one of the most traditional farm practices and necessary. A single factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer doses on growth, leaf and essential oil yields of Java lemongrass. Eight treatments were used in this experiment including 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 kg N/ha and applying only 2 tons Komic biofertilizer/ha as control. Fertilizer foundation for treatments 1 - 7 (for 1 ha) included 2 tons of Komix biofertilizer, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O. The application of 90 kg N/ha significantly improved the growth of Java lemongrass and increased leaf yield (12.02 tons/ha/3 harvest times) as well as resulted in the highest oil yield (138.1 kg/ha/3 harvest times).
A multiplex real-time PCR method for differentiation of beef, buffalo meat and pork
Authors: Tran Tan M.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to optimize a multiplex real-time PCR protocol for detection of DNA of beef, buffalo meat and pork, serving for food authenticity. The optimized concentrations were 200 nM primer and 100 nM specific probe for beef/buffalo meat, and 300 nM primer and 150 nM probe for pork. The amplification was performed using initial denaturation at 50oC for 2 min, 95oC for 2 min, followed by 45 cycles of denaturation at 95oC for 15 sec, and annealing and extension at 60oC for 40 sec. This protocol had high sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of this method was found to be 0.1% in raw and heat-treated meat mix (80 – 121oC/15 min) or 0.005 ng DNA/reaction. The protocol of testing was applied for the commercial products both fresh and processed meats. The results demonstrated that 50% of raw beef sample (6/12) weren't found beef DNA. Eight of twelve beef sausage samples (66.67%) contained buffalo DNA. Beef DNA were found in all 12 samples of beef meatballs, but eight out of the 12 meatball samples were confirmed to have buffalo DNA (66.67%) and two out of the 12 meatball samples (16.67%) also contained porcine DNA.
Construction of artificial microRNA expression vectors for inhibition of Minc16281 gene in root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Nguyen Phong V.
Published: September 2021

Effectors have been identified to play a very important role in the parasitism of plant-parasitic nematode. To cope with this type of pathogen, many approaches of silencing genes encoding for effectors have been studied and promise to be an effective tool to create plant varieties resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the Minc16281 gene encoding a pioneer effector with unknown function was determined and cloned from a Meloidogyne incognita population isolated from soybean field (ID: MH315945.1). The nucleotide sequence of this gene showed 97% identity to its homolog in GenBank (ID: JK287445.1) used as the control strain in our research. To generate host-induced gene silencing constructs which can potentially silence the expression of Minc16281 gene, two artificial microRNAs were synthesized based on the miR319a structure of Arabidopsis thaliana and inserted into an expression vector in soybean. These microRNAs can be introduced into soybean to investigate the function of Minc16281 on parasitism of root-knot nematode.
Gestores ambientales en Ecuador: Enfoque a la biorremediación
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador, Cuenca Jefferson , Gallardo Kimberly ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador, Domínguez-Gaibor Isabel ,   Grupo de Investigación Ambiental y Desarrollo - GIADE, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador
Published: September 2021

La gestión ambiental es la aplicación de políticas dentro de las organizaciones para prevenir, mitigar y resolver problemas de carácter ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la gestión ambiental en el Ecuador con un enfoque en la biorremediación, se evaluaron tres criterios: legislación ambiental, actividades productivas y biorremediación. La metodología usada fue una revisión bibliográfica, basada en tesis, libros, artículos científicos y normativa ambiental nacional. Se realizó un diagnostico a las organizaciones ecuatorianas enfocadas a procesos de biorremediación, por medio del análisis de teorías, modelos, metodologías y bibliografía de las empresas gestoras. La principal fuente de contaminación identificada en Ecuador son los hidrocarburos o TPH que afectan principalmente a los suelos o aguas y siendo la Amazonía Ecuatoriana, una de las zonas más afectadas. En cuanto a los métodos de biorremediación más utilizados en el Ecuador se identificaron dos principales: Biopilas y Landfarming.
Cementos alternativos basados en geopolímeros de zeolitas naturales
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador, Ulloa Néstor , Allauca José Luis ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico General Eloy Alfaro, Sede Orellana, El Sacha EC220001, Ecuador, Reinoso David ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico General Eloy Alfaro, Sede Orellana, El Sacha EC220001, Ecuador
Published: September 2021

La optimización del tiempo y temperatura de curado en las propiedades térmicas y mecánicas de geopolímeros sintetizados a partir de zeolita natural se evaluó mediante técnicas analíticas instrumentales, XRD, SEM-EDS y TGA-DSC. Se utilizó hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) a 7M e hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2) en proporciones de 1-3%, para la activación de la zeolita natural, con una relación de activador/aglutinante de 0,5. Los resultados demostraron que un aumento de la temperatura en las primeras 24h afecta al geopolímero en la deshidratación, perdida excesiva de humedad y estrés térmico. Los resultados de la caracterización de difracción de rayos X, se pudo observar la presencia de las fases cristalinas del 68% de Mordenita, 16,9% de Cuarzo y 15,1% de material Amorfo. Los análisis SEM-EDS reveló la presencia de Na, Ca y un aumento en la relación Si/Al de 3-6,5, esto se debe a la incorporación de los activadores. En los resultados del análisis TGA-DSC no se observó una pérdida significativa de la estructura cristalina de la zeolita utilizada en esta investigación, pero en cambio se verificó la eliminación del agua en los poros del geopolímero, lo cual mejora la reacción con el (Ca(OH)2), produciendo más hidratos, además la cal no sólo fue fijada por reacción puzolánica, sino también por la carbonatación. Los resultados de las propiedades mecánicas demostraron un aumento significativo en su resistencia desde el primer día de curado (5,92 MPa) hasta 7 días de reposo del geopolímero (9,41 MPa).
Coronary Artery Stenosis in Victims of Sudden Death on Medicolegal Autopsy and its Incidence Rate
Authors: Saleem Khurram , Murad Tasneem , Naeem Talha , Shabbir Sheeba , Parveen Sobia
Published: September 2021

Coronary artery stenosis and the resulting ischemia of the heart is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Along with worldwide research on the subject, research is being carried out on the subject in the Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Men are most affected. More morbidity occurs in the last decades of life. However, in some cases, the younger age group is also involved. This is also seen on the top page with higher education and urban settlements. Smoking and alcohol are the main risk factors. This often affects entrepreneurs and service owners. Cardiologists and treating physicians, as well as the general public, need lifestyle changes to consider early treatment and avoid unwanted complications. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate atherosclerotic events in the coronary arteries of sudden death victims. Methods: Research material consisting of 82 randomly selected cases from a total of 980 autopsies carried out due to sudden death in the period from May 2020 to January 2021 at the Forensic Medicine Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan and Islamic International Medical Collage, Rawalpindi. Information on the date, time and place of death, etc. obtained from the investigating police officer or from accompanying family members. 2. Clear cardiovascular diseases and events and current records were obtained from relatives or family members and accompanying police officers. 3. Sociodemographic data was obtained from relatives of the victim. The autopsy and histopathological findings were recorded. The cause of death was determined and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The incidence of coronary stenosis was found in 47 out of 82 cases. In this study, the highest number of cases was recorded in the age groups 17 and 14, and 61-70 and 51-60 years, respectively. Men outnumbered 39 cases and females 8 cases. The youngest participant was a 24-year-old man and the oldest was a 78-year-old woman. Conclusion: The study showed an unexpectedly high incidence of coronary stenosis in this region. Although the incidence is higher in men than in women, it is alarming for both sexes. Cardiologists and treating physicians, as well as the general public, need to change their lifestyle, consider early treatment, avoid unwanted complications, and raise awareness about the disease. Key words: Coronary artery stenosis, Men, Smoking and Alcohol, Businessmen
Primary Anastomosis versus Colostomy in Patients with Penetrating Colonic Injuries; A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Nawaz Allah , Khan Ahmad Hassan , Rana Asad Rizwan , Farrukh Rażą , Hayat Nazim
Published: September 2021

Background: Penetrating colon injuries treatment has been a controversial topic of discussion in medical literature. The literature shows that randomized trials comparing primary repair versus bypass showed no significant difference in complication rates between the two groups. While other trials comparing complication rates between the two groups showed that the primary repair has lower complication rates as compared to the colostomy. Methodology: Randomized control trail was conducted in six months of duration from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020in surgical unit of DHQ Teaching Hospital / SMC (UOS), Sargodha. After taking Ethical approval from the hospital, the study was conducted on 300 patients sample size calculated through open Epi sample size calculator with margin of error 5% and confidence interval 95%. Randomized blotting technique was used for randomization to overcome biasness. Results: Group 01 of primary anastomosis had 97 (64.67%) males and 53 (35.33%) females while group 02 of colostomy had 92 (66.34%) males and 58 (33.66%) females. complications intra-abdominal abscess was analyzed between both groups. In group 01 primary anastomosis, only 4 (2.66%) patients develop intra-abdominal abscess while in rest of patients i.e. 146(97.34%) showed efficacy to primary anastomosis. In group 02 of colostomy, 27 (18%) patients develop intra-abdominal abscess while rest of patients i.e. 123(82%) patients showed efficacy towards colostomy. Conclusion: In penetrating colon injuries, anastomosis showed more efficacy, safe to use and excellent results on the basis of post-operative complications as compared to colostomy. Keywords: Primary anastomosis, defunctioning in colostomy, penetrating colonic injuries, effectiveness
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Diagnosing Malignant Breast Lesions Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Ahmed Adnan , Memon Jawad Ali , Shah Muhammad Sibtain , Rehman Hafeez ur , Baig Tahir , Akram M. Nauman
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims: Breast cancer is the prime cause of mortality among women of both developing and developed world. Out of 34.6% of female cancer patients, malignant breast cancer being the most common cancer found in Pakistan. The current study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing malignant breast lesions taking histopathology as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 135 female patients with suspicious palpable lesions for malignancy referred from surgical OPD of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) dynamic enhanced images taken with contrast on 1.5 Tesla MRI machines were assessed based on kinetic and morphology. Malignancy biomarker was assessed with choline peak (Cho) allowed by MRS. The Single-voxel technique was utilized in order to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRS in breast lesions malignancy. A comparison was made between MRS and biopsy findings. Results: Out of 135 female patients, 118 (87.40%) were malignant lesions patients assessed by MRS while histopathologically proven patients were 104 (77.33%). The calculated mean age of all the malignant patients was 48.3 ± 14.5 years with a range of 40-79 years. The diagnostic parameters of MRS such as specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) was 74%, 88.2%, 93%, 77.8%, and 93.1% respectively while taking histopathology as a gold standard. Conclusion: MRS must be utilized as a primary imaging technique for the diagnosis of breast lesions malignancy due to its higher specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in breast lumps characterization. MRS was found to be specific 74%, sensitive 88.2%, and accurate 93% in malignant breast cancer diagnosis. Keywords: MRS, Malignant breast lesions, Histopathology