bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating patient‐centered caries management in dental education—A practical approach
Authors: Shabayek Mohamed , Warren John , Tinanoff Norman , Kolker Justine , Johnsen David
Published: July 2023

Caries management is undergoing an evolution in dental education. This is part of a larger change in thinking focused on the person/patient as well as procedures to bring health to people. This perspective attempts to tell the story of the dental education culture regarding caries management from perspectives of evidence‐based care; caries as a disease of a person, not only a tooth; and the management of high‐risk and low‐risk individuals. Culturally and organizationally, the integration of basic, procedural, behavioral, and demographic perspectives for dental caries has happened at different rates for some decades. The involvement of students, teaching faculty, course directors, and administration is essential in this process.
Changes in trends of pediatric β‐ and γ‐herpesvirus infections during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Kozawa Kei , Kawamura Yoshiki , Hattori Fumihiko , Miura Hiroki , Higashimoto Yuki , Ihira Masaru , Matsunaga Masaaki , Ota Atsuhiko , Yoshikawa Tetsushi
Published: July 2023

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control COVID‐19 have decreased the incidence of many pediatric infectious diseases. The epidemiology of β‐ and γ‐herpesvirus infections might have been affected by NPIs. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes in trends in β‐ and γ‐herpesvirus infections and complex febrile seizures (cFS) of viral etiology before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Between April 2017 and March 2021, febrile children aged ≤5 years were enrolled. Detection of EBV, CMV, HHV‐6B, and HHV‐7 DNA in serum was performed using real‐time PCR. The epidemiology of viral infections and cFS were compared between the prepandemic and pandemic periods. During the observation period, 1432 serum samples were collected. The mean number of febrile children decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV‐6B infection increased from 35 (9.3% of all febrile children) per year before the pandemic to 43 (15.5%) during the pandemic. The change in the proportion of patients with primary HHV‐6B infection was 6.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05%–11.3%; p = 0.0047). The mean number of patients with cFS decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV‐6B–associated cFS was stable throughout the observation period. Therefore, the change in proportion of patients with cFS caused by primary HHV‐6B infection was 49.5% (95% CI, 12.2%–60.5%; p = 0.0048). The disease burden of primary HHV‐6B infection among patients in the emergency room remained unchanged, with a significant increase in the relative proportion after the COVID‐19 pandemic began.
Mechanism of RNA m6A methylation modification regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation for hand, foot, and mouth disease progression
Authors: Hu Quanman , Gao Yanlei , Xie Yaqi , Li Dong , An Tongyan , Chen Long , Ji Wangquan , Jin Yuefei , Long Jinzhao , Yang Haiyan , Duan Guangcai , Chen Shuaiyin
Published: July 2023

Some children infected with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) progressed to severe disease with various neurological complications in the short term, with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Studies had revealed that RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification had a significant impact on EV71 replication, but it was unknown how m6A modification regulated the host cell's innate immune response brought on by EV71 infection. We used MeRIP‐seq (methylation RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing), RNA‐seq (RNA sequencing), cell transfection, and other techniques. MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq results showed the m6A methylation modification map of control and EV71‐infected groups of RD cells. And multilevel validation indicated that decreased expression of demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity‐associated protein) was responsible for the elevated total m6A modification levels in EV71‐infected RD cells and that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) may be a target gene for demethylase FTO action. Further functional experiments showed that demethylase knockdown of FTO promoted TXNIP expression, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted the release of proinflammatory factors in vitro, and the opposite result occurred with demethylase FTO overexpression. And further tested in an animal model of EV71 infection in vitro, with results consistent with in vitro. Our findings elucidated that depletion of the demethylase FTO during EV71 infection increased the m6A modification level of TXNIP mRNA 3′ untranslated region (UTR), enhancing mRNA stability, and promoting TXNIP expression. Consequently, the NLRP3 inflammasome was stimulated, leading to the release of proinflammatory factors and facilitating HFMD progression.
Changing food webs before and during the Last Glacial Maximum based on stable isotopes of animal bone collagen from Lower Austria
Authors: Reiss Lilian , Mayr Christoph , Pasda Kerstin , Einwögerer Thomas , Händel Marc , Lücke Andreas , Maier Andreas , Wissel Holger
Published: July 2023

We investigated palaeofood web structures using stable isotope analyses on animal bone collagen from four Upper Palaeolithic sites dated to the Early Gravettian (Krems‐Hundssteig and Krems‐Wachtberg: 33–31k cal a bp, Langenlois: 31–29k cal a bp) and to the Early Epigravettian (Kammern‐Grubgraben: 24–20k cal a bp). In both periods, δ13C values show niche partitioning between hare, horse and mammoth on one side, and reindeer and ibex on the other, indicating different diets and habitats between both herbivore groups. The δ15N differences between carnivores and herbivores suggest a difference of one trophic level during the pre‐Last Glacial Maximum (pre‐LGM) period at the Early Gravettian sites and a tendency towards secondary carnivores during the LGM at Kammern‐Grubgraben. δ15N values of pre‐LGM mammoths are elevated in relation to other herbivores but shifted to the level of other herbivores in the LGM. A general δ15N value shift in herbivores of 3.3‰ from the pre‐LGM to the LGM is related to climatic deterioration. This may have led to the disappearance of certain ecological niches and to a shift from broader to overlapping ecological herbivore niches shortly before the LGM, as demonstrated by SIBER analyses.
Examining readmissions following outpatient microlaryngeal surgery
Authors: Syamal Mausumi N. , Kincaid Hope , Sutter Alison
Published: July 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine readmissions following microlaryngeal surgery. It was hypothesized that airway surgical procedures would have higher rates of readmission.

Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

Outpatient microlaryngeal surgeries from May 1, 2018 to November 27, 2022 were reviewed. Readmissions related to the original surgery within a 30‐day postoperative period were examined. Patient demographics, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist class, comorbidities, type of surgery, ventilation techniques, and operative times were examined and compared.

Results

Out of 480 procedures analyzed, 19 (4.0%) resulted in a readmission, 9 (1.9%) of which were for glottic stenosis management. Undergoing an airway procedure was significantly associated with a readmission (p = .002) and increased the odds of readmission by 5.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22–16.16, p < .001). Current/former smoking status increased the odds of readmission by 4.50 (95% CI: 1.33–15.19, p = .016). Each additional minute of operating time increased the odds of readmission by 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.05, p = .04).

Conclusion

Readmissions from microlaryngeal surgery are seldom reported but nonetheless occur. Identifying factors that may place a procedure at risk for readmission can help improve surgical quality of care.

Level of Evidence

4.
Preparation and Properties of Polysaccharide‐Based Epoxy Vitrimers
Authors: Jin Shibiao , Ai Tao , Jiang Yong , Wu Xuanxuan , Yang Kun , Liu Ying , Cheng Yue
Published: July 2023

Traditional chemically cross‐linked polymer materials may cause severe environmental pollution and economic losses due to the difficulty of recycling. Vitrimers containing reversible dynamic covalent bonds are processable, recyclable, and self‐healing. In this article, a bio‐based epoxy resin curing agent is synthesized by hydrolysis using cellulose as raw material. The results show that the epoxy vitrimers with the best ratio have a lower topological transition temperature and a fast relaxation time at 140 °C. After soaking in solvent for 90 days, the gel content of the material is greater than 81%. The glass transition temperature of the sample measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC) is 83 °C. It also has a high initial decomposition temperature (350 °C) with good flexibility and solvent resistance, showing its good performance as a coating paint.
A sufficient condition for global existence of the solution to nonlinear damped wave equations at arbitrary positive initial energy
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Li Yanan
Published: July 2023

We consider the global existence of the solution for nonlinear damped wave equations at arbitrary positive initial energy, that is, . It is well known from a work of G. Filippo and S. Marco [Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 2006], that which initial data with high energy make the model exists global solutions is still an interesting question. Here, we give it an affirmative answer. For this purpose, we suggest a unified approach, which is also valid where various forms of damping are present. Applying it, we show a sufficient condition to get the global existence of the solution for problem nonlinear damped wave equations.
Anti‐LGBTQ+ sex education laws: The effects on students and implications for schools and school practitioners
Authors: Tran Jennifer T. , Loecher Nele , Kosyluk Kristin A. , Bauermeister José A.
Published: July 2023

Anti‐Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and/or Queer (LGBTQ+) education laws are defined as laws that prohibit or limit schools from discussing same‐sex relationships, broader sexuality, and gender issues in their sexual education curriculum. This study presents a historical context of anti‐LGBTQ+ sex education laws, examines the extant literature on the possible impact of these laws, and suggests recommendations for schools and school practitioners. Anti‐LGBTQ+ sex education laws may impact school climate and have been associated with poorer well‐being for LGBTQ+ students and cisgender heterosexual allies that encompass a range of sexual orientations and gender identities. With an Executive Order from the US president outlining the need to support LGBTQ+ youth in schools and the US Surgeon General's Advisory to highlight the urgent need to address the nation's youths' mental health, it is imperative to support LGBTQ+ students. We offer strategies that may be used to address anti‐LGBTQ+ sex education laws by school administrators and practitioners in a call for advocacy to make changes in sex education policy to improve the well‐being of students, particularly LGBTQ+ youth.
Resonant Tunneling Effects on the Double‐Barrier Electron Blocking Layer of a Nitride Deep‐UV Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Wu Yana , Gao Na , Qu Yuan , Ban Shiliang
Published: July 2023

The multi‐quantum‐barrier electron blocking layer (EBL) is reported to significantly improve efficiency by nearly 3 times over a single barrier in deep‐UV AlGaN light‐emitting diodes to deal with electron leakage. The improvement is usually attributed to the enhanced effective barrier height, and this article aims to explore the benefits of the tunneling effect by calculating the tunneling currents of electrons and holes through an Al0.6Ga0.4N/AlyGa1−yN double‐barrier EBL under external bias from opposite directions. The results show that the tunneling current for holes Jh is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the electrons Je as the barriers are with Al mole fraction y greater than 0.75 and thickness larger than 2 nm, which promises effective hole injection by tunneling without much electron leakage. Tunneling mechanism works better in EBL with higher and thicker barriers because the tunneling coefficients of light hole drop much slower than electrons due to its small effective mass. A proper distance between the barriers is needed to avoid electron leakage while holes tunnel through the EBL. Built‐in electric fields tilt the band to enlarge the peak‐to‐valley ratio. This work indicates that the tunneling effect substantially facilitates a multibarrier EBL to enhance carrier‐injection efficiency.
Illiquidity and the cost of equity capital: Evidence from actual estimates of capital cost for U.S. data
Authors: Goyal Amit , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Swaminathan Bhaskaran
Published: July 2023

Illiquidity measures appear to be related to monthly realized returns but do they impact long‐run costs of capital (CoC) for firms? Using U.S. data, we find cross‐sectional evidence that, controlling for market capitalization, the Amihud (2002, Journal of Financial Markets, 5, 31) measure of illiquidity is negatively related to CoC estimates. A difference‐in‐differences analysis around exogenous brokerage closures reveals that Amihud illiquidity increases without an impact on CoC. Nonetheless, other illiquidity measures, such as those based on serial covariances, zero returns, and price impact, do show a strong positive relation with CoC. However, we do not find evidence that liquidity risk and the probability of informed trade influence CoC. Overall, our results advance our understanding of precisely which illiquidity measures influence required firm returns.
Learning by doing: A multi‐level analysis of the impact of citizen science education
Authors: Zhang Elizabeth Y. , Hundley Calista , Watson Zachary , Farah Fariya , Bunnell Sarah , Kristensen Thea
Published: July 2023

Science education that fosters scientific competency and engagement prepares students to become informed civic participants in modern society. Teaching strategies that encourage scientific engagement are especially important in rural settings, as these students are less likely to pursue scientific careers or use science in their everyday lives. To this aim, we implemented a citizen science approach in science education, an approach that enables K‐12 grade students to participate in locally relevant and authentic scientific research, in suburban and rural 5th and 9th–12th grade classrooms. While most citizen science education initiatives are led by experienced scientists, we recognized the additional level of learning that may arise from positioning undergraduate students as curricular designers of the citizen science classroom activities and partners for the classroom teachers. This study evaluates perceived changes in science engagement, science identity, and science competency that emerged as a result of participating in this citizen science initiative, both for the 5th and 9th–12th school students and the undergraduate instructors. Classroom teachers reported that students demonstrated an increased level of engagement with and excitement about science. The undergraduate instructors reported a renewed sense of confidence in their science abilities and a deepened sense of place in the science community. Finally, the educators involved in this project, both classroom K‐12 teachers and undergraduate higher education educators, observed the benefits of this model for connecting students at different points in their science learning journeys. In our discussion, we articulate the benefits and challenges of implementing a multilevel approach to citizen science education.
New AdS2/CFT1 pairs from AdS3 and monopole bubbling
Authors: Conti Andrea , Lozano Yolanda , Macpherson Niall T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We present general results on generating AdS2 solutions to Type II supergravity from AdS3 solutions via U(1) and SL(2) T-dualities. We focus on a class of Type IIB solutions with small 𝒩 = 4 supersymmetry, that we show can be embedded into a more general class of solutions obtained by double analytical continuation from AdS3 geometries with small 𝒩 = (0, 4) supersymmetry constructed in the literature. We then start the analysis of the superconformal quantum mechanics dual to the 𝒩 = 4 backgrounds focusing on a subclass of AdS2 × S3 × 𝕋3 solutions foliated over a Riemann surface. We show that the associated supersymmetric quantum mechanics describes monopole bubbling in 4d 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories living in D3-D7 branes, as previously discussed in the literature. Therefore, we propose that our solutions provide a geometrical description via holography of monopole bubbling in 4d 𝒩 = 2 SCFTs. We check our proposal with the computation of the central charge.
External validation of a tumor growth inhibition-overall survival model in non-small-cell lung cancer based on atezolizumab studies using alectinib data
Authors: Kassir Nastya , Chan Phyllis , Dang Steve , Bruno René
Published: July 2023

Background

A modeling framework was previously developed to simulate overall survival (OS) using tumor growth inhibition (TGI) data from six randomized phase 2/3 atezolizumab monotherapy or combination studies in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to externally validate this framework to simulate OS in patients with treatment-naive advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive NSCLC in the alectinib ALEX study.

Methods

TGI metrics were estimated from a biexponential model using longitudinal tumor size data from a Phase 3 study evaluating alectinib compared with crizotinib in patients with treatment-naive ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Baseline prognostic factors and TGI metric estimates were used to predict OS.

Results

286 patients were evaluable (at least baseline and one post-baseline tumor size measurements) out of 303 (94%) followed for up to 5 years (cut-off: 29 November 2019). The tumor growth rate estimate and baseline prognostic factors (inflammatory status, tumor burden, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, race, line of therapy, and sex) were used to simulate OS in ALEX study. Observed survival distributions for alectinib and crizotinib were within model 95% prediction intervals (PI) for approximately 2 years. Predicted hazard ratio (HR) between alectinib and crizotinib was in agreement with the observed HR (predicted HR 0.612, 95% PI 0.480–0.770 vs. 0.625 observed HR).

Conclusion

The TGI-OS model based on unselected or PD-L1 selected NSCLC patients included in atezolizumab trials is externally validated to predict treatment effect (HR) in a biomarker-selected (ALK-positive) population included in alectinib ALEX trial suggesting that TGI-OS models may be treatment independent.
Undirected Determinant and Its Complexity
Authors: Dziewa-Dawidczyk Diana , Przeździecki Adam J.
Published: July 2023

We view the determinant and permanent as functions on directed weighted graphs and introduce their analogues for undirected graphs. We prove that computing undirected determinants as well as permanents for planar graphs whose vertices have degree at most 4 is #P-complete. In the case of planar graphs whose vertices have degree at most 3, the computation of the undirected determinant remains #P-complete while computing the permanent can be reduced to the FKT algorithm, and therefore can be done in polynomial time. Computing the undirected permanent is a Holant problem and its complexity can be deduced from the existing literature. It is mentioned in the paper as a natural context but no new results in this direction are obtained. The concept of undirected determinant is new. Its introduction is motivated by the formal resemblance to the directed determinant, a property that may inspire generalizations of some of the many algorithms which compute the latter. For a sizable class of planar 3-regular graphs, we are able to compute the undirected determinant in polynomial time.
Cylinder power progression associated with axial length in young children: a two-year follow-up study
Authors: Gong Wei , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Bo , Xu Xian , Zou Haidong , Liu Kun , Xu Xun , He Xiangui , Huang Jiannan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To describe the association of refraction development and axial length (AL) in young children and provide new insights into the progression of cylinder power.

Methods

Children (2–3 grades) were enrolled from primary schools in Shanghai and followed up for two years. Cycloplegic refraction, AL, and corneal curvature radius were measured. Refraction parameters were compared among groups with different AL, AL1 (AL < 23.5 mm), AL2 (23.5 mm ≤ AL < 24.5 mm), and AL3 (AL ≥ 24.5 mm). Multiple regression analysis was used to explore risk factors of diopter of cylinder (DC) progression.

Results

In total, out of 6891 enrolled children, 5961 participants (7–11 yrs) were included in the final analysis. Over the two-year period, the cylinder power significantly changed, and those with longer AL had more rapid DC progression over the two years (AL1, -0.09 ± 0.35 D; AL2, -0.15 ± 0.39 D; AL3, -0.29 ± 0.44 D) (P < 0.001). The change in DC was independently associated with AL at baseline (P < 0.001). The proportion of with-the-rule astigmatism increased from 91.3% to 92.1% in AL1 group, from 89.1% to 91.8% in AL2 group and from 87.1% to 92.0% in AL3 group.

Conclusions

Young children with long AL experienced rapid progression of cylinder power. Both the control of myopia progression and attention to the correction of astigmatism are necessary in the health management of children with long AL. The significantly increased AL in participants might contribute to both the extent and direction of astigmatism.
Results of open bleb revision as management of primary bleb failure following XEN 45 gel stent and Preserflo™ Microshunt
Authors: Theilig Theresa , Papadimitriou Menelaos , Albaba Ghaith , Meller Daniel , Hasan Somar M.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The success of filtering surgery as in XEN-Gel-Stent (XEN) and Preserflo-Microshunt (PF) depends mainly on a functioning bleb. Primary bleb failure (PBF) is not uncommon and can be treated with needling or open bleb revision (OBR). The aim of the study is to compare surgical outcomes of OBR after XEN and PF.

Methods

Eyes which received OBR as management of PBF following implantation of XEN or PF were retrospectively included. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP lowering medications (NoM), and success rates (SR) were compared between groups. Complete and qualified success were defined as IOP ≤18mmHg and a reduction of >20%, without and with medications, respectively.

Results

29 eyes after XEN and 23 eyes after PF were included. Six months following OBR, IOP reduced from 24.2±4.7 to 13.5±4.6 after XEN and from 27.3±8.7 to 15.9±5.8mmHg after PF (both p<0.001). NoM did not change (0.7±1.3 to 0.4±0.8 after XEN and 1.2±1.3 to 1.0±1.5 after PF, p>0.05 for both). Complete SR were higher after XEN than after PF (58.6% vs. 30.4%, p=0.04). Complications were mild and managed mainly conservatively. Additional glaucoma surgery was needed in 17% and 30% of eyes after XEN and PF, respectively (p=0.26).

Conclusion

Although OBR was effective as management of PBF following XEN and PF, SR were higher after XEN than after PF along with comparable safety profile. The change of the surgical approach from ab interno during XEN-Implantation to ab externo during OBR seems to enhance SR compared to PF, where both interventions are done ab externo.
Backscatter from therapeutic doses of ionizing irradiation does not impair cell migration on titanium implants in vitro
Authors: Printzell Lisa , Reseland Janne Elin , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Ellingsen Jan Eirik , Tiainen Hanna
Published: July 2023

Objective

The influence of radiation backscatter from titanium on DNA damage and migration capacity of human osteoblasts (OBs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be critical for the osseointegration of dental implants placed prior to radiotherapy. In order to evaluate effects of radiation backscatter, the immediate DNA damage and migration capacity of OBs and MSCs cultured on titanium or plastic were compared after exposure to ionizing irradiation.

Materials and methods

Human OBs and MSCs were seeded on machined titanium, moderately rough fluoride-modified titanium, or tissue culture polystyrene, and irradiated with nominal doses of 2, 6, 10, or 14 Gy. Comet assay was performed immediately after irradiation, while a scratch wound healing assay was initiated 24 h post-irradiation. Fluorescent live cell imaging documented the migration.

Results

DNA damage increased with higher dose and with backscatter from titanium, and MSCs were significantly more affected than OBs. All doses of radiation accelerated the cell migration on plastic, while only the highest dose of 10 Gy inhibited the migration of both cell types on titanium.

Conclusions

High doses (10 Gy) of radiation inhibited the migration capacity of both cell types on titanium, whereas lower doses (2 and 6 Gy) did not affect the migration of either OBs or MSCs.

Clinical relevance

Fractionated doses of 2 Gy/day, as distributed in conventional radiotherapy, appear not to cause severe DNA damage or disturb the migration of OBs or MSCs during osseointegration of dental implants.
A new CAD/CAM tooth mobility simulating model for dental in vitro investigations
Authors: Roser Christoph J. , Zenthöfer Andreas , Lux Christopher J. , Rues Stefan
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To validate a new tooth mobility simulating in vitro model for biomechanical tests of dental appliances and restorations.

Material and methods

Load-deflection curves for teeth in CAD/CAM models (n = 10/group, 6 teeth/model) of the anterior segment of a lower jaw with either low tooth mobility (LM) or high tooth mobility (HM) were recorded with a universal testing device and a Periotest device. All teeth were tested before and after different ageing protocols. Finally, vertical load capacity (Fmax) was tested in all teeth.

Results

At F = 100 N load, vertical/horizontal tooth deflections before ageing were 80 ± 10 µm/400 ± 40 µm for LM models and 130 ± 20 µm/610 ± 100 µm for HM models. Periotest values were 1.6 ± 1.4 for LM models and 5.5 ± 1.5 for HM models. These values were within the range of physiological tooth mobility. No visible damage occurred during ageing and simulated ageing had no significant effect on tooth mobility. Fmax values were 494 ± 67 N (LM) and 388 ± 95 N (HM).

Conclusion

The model is practical, easy to manufacture and can reliably simulate tooth mobility. The model was also validated for long-term testing, so is suitable for investigating various dental appliances and restorations such as retainers, brackets, dental bridges or trauma splints.

Clinical relevance

Using this in-vitro model for high standardised investigations of various dental appliances and restorations can protect patients from unnecessary burdens in trials and practice.
A Numerical Study of Aero Engine Sub-idle Operation: From a Realistic Representation of Spray Injection to Detailed Chemistry LES-CMC
Authors: Okraschevski Max , Mesquita Léo C. C. , Koch Rainer , Mastorakos Epaminondas , Bauer Hans-Jörg
Published: July 2023

High altitude relight is a matter of increasing importance for aero engine manufacturers, in which combustion plays literally a vital role. In this paper we want to evaluate the predictive capability of a combined Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Large Eddy Simulation with Conditional Moment Closure (LES-CMC) approach for a spray combustion process at these extreme conditions. The focus is on the SPH modelling of the kerosene primary atomization, the extraction of realistic spray boundary conditions for LES-CMC and the effect of the spray on combustion. Interestingly, it will be demonstrated that the fragment size distributions resulting from the airblast atomization are characterized by bimodal behaviour during the relight process and that small and large fragments differ significantly in their dynamical behavior. This is shown to affect the combustion in the Central Recirculation Zone (CRZ). Very large fragments are even able to supersede the flame from the CRZ, such that endothermic pyrolysis becomes dominant, but simultaneously essential to sustain and stabilize the remaining flame with reactive pyrolysis species. The study proves the ability of our methodology for extreme operating conditions, in which experimental insights are hardly possible.
Evolution of Dendritic Austenite in Parallel With Eutectic in Compacted Graphite Iron Under Three Cooling Conditions
Authors: Domeij Björn , Elfsberg Jessica , Diószegi Attila
Published: July 2023

Shrinkage defects are common problems in industrially produced metal cast components. Local density changes occur during freezing, which demand material transport between parts of the casting, often involving flow of liquid through partially solid regions. Cast alloys typically freeze with a dendritic morphology, which large interface against the liquid restricts liquid flow. Recent research also indicates that this dendritic structure has an impact on the mechanical properties of the final material. For these reasons it is important to understand and predict the evolution of this structure through the solidification of cast alloys. In this work, the evolution of the dendritic austenite structure is investigated in a near-eutectic compacted graphite iron solidified under three different cooling conditions. The solidification was interrupted by water quenching, enabling characterization of the dendritic austenite structure at different stages of solidification. Higher cooling rate was found to promote a more coherent dendritic austenite structure which constituted a larger volume fraction. In parallel with growth of the eutectic, the amount of dendritic austenite in extra-eutectic regions continued to rise. This rise was associated with both tip growth of new dendrites and with growth by thickening of existing dendrites.
Intensity modulated radiation therapy in elderly patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lu Tianzhu , Xiong Xiaopeng , Zhong Fangyan , Gong Xiaochang , Li Jingao
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes in elderly patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Methods

 Patients with NPC aged ≥ 70 years old who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy ≥ 60 Gy were recruited into this study. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), locoregional recurrence-free rate (LRFR) and distant metastasis-free rate (DMFR) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to perform multivariate analysis for independent prognosticators using meaningful variables from the univariate analysis.

Results

One hundred ninety seven patients with NPC ≥ 70 years were recruited from the 4351 newly diagnosed NPC patients from January 2011 to December 2020. The 5-year OS, CSS, PFS, LRFR and DMFR were 59.6%, 78.9%, 51.3%, 91.6% and 78.9%, respectively. the plasma EBV DNA was the only prognostic factor for OS, the overall staging was the only prognostic factor for CSS, and plasma EBV DNA and N category were borderline significant factor for DMFR. We did not find any prognosticator for PFS and LRFR.

Conclusions

The survival after IMRT for elderly patients with NPC is suboptimal. Further study stratified by comorbidity and geriatric assessment is needed.
Drawing from the Archives
Authors: Crucifix Benoît
Published: July 2023

Following Art Spiegelman's declaration that 'the future of comics is in the past,' this book considers comics memory in the contemporary North American graphic novel. Cartoonists such as Chris Ware, Seth, Charles Burns, Daniel Clowes, and others have not only produced some of the most important graphic novels, they have also turned to the history of comics as a common visual heritage to pass on to new readers. This book is a full-length study of contemporary cartoonists when they are at work as historians: it offers a detailed description of how they draw from the archives of comics history, examining the different gestures of collecting, curating, reprinting, forging, swiping, and undrawing that give shape to their engagement with the past. In recognizing these different acts of transmission, this book argues for a material and vernacular history of how comics are remembered, shared, and recirculated over time.
Evolution mechanism and optimisation of traffic congestion
Authors: Sun Fanrong , Xu Xueji , Zhang Huimin , Shen Di , Mu Yao , Chen Yujun
Published: July 2023

Air route networks can no longer meet operational efficiency requirements because of the rapid growth of complex traffic flows. Machine learning is employed to investigate the evolutionary mechanism of congestion in such networks in view of their high complexity and high density, and a reasonable network optimisation scheme is presented. First, deviations between nominal and actual routes are investigated with reference to radar track data, and a network reflecting actual route operations is constructed using adversarial neural networks. Second, flight time is used to characterise congestion in route networks. Actual network operations are considered, and congestion is defined from the perspective of road traffic engineering. The effects of the operational properties of traffic flows on flight times are analysed to establish various congestion indicators. A gradient boosting model is used to select indicator characteristics and analyse patterns in the variations of indicator values for each flight segment in distinct periods. The indicator–time relationship is leveraged to explore the evolutionary mechanism of congestion in the route network. Third, on the basis of this mechanism, a multiobjective optimisation model of congestion is formulated, and a particle swarm optimisation algorithm is executed to adjust the route passage structure, thereby solving the optimisation model. Finally, calculation validation is conducted using radar track data from the control sector of the Yunnan region. The average flight time in a route segment is 10% shorter in the optimised route network than in the nonoptimised route network, which confirms that the optimisation solution is practicable.
Pumping using thermal waves
Authors: Hossain M.Z. , Floryan J.M.
Published: July 2023

It is shown that thermal waves applied on the bounding surface of a horizontal slot generate a pumping effect. Reynolds stress developed by the change in the flow field due to the thermal inertia associated with the penetration of the wave into the fluid interior drives the net fluid movement in the horizontal direction. The induced flow rate increases with the wave speed, but excessive wave speed reduces it as convection becomes limited only in the near-wall area. The excessive increase of the wavelength and its excessive decrease reduce the flow rate. An increase in the wave amplitude increases the flow rate with a saturation limiting its growth. Judicious selection of the wave speed and wavelength of a thermal wave provides a means for optimizing the wave-induced pumping. The magnitude of the pumping increases with a reduction of Prandtl number.
A new methodology to structure a nutrition educational course: the results of a short-term educational-intervention pilot study
Authors: Conti Maria Vittoria , Gnesi Marco , Zelaschi Noemi , Yaghi Kassandra , Ghazi Layal , Cena Hellas
Published: July 2023

The incidence of malnutrition in developing countries, such as Kenya, is still high. The most recent international reports outline an increase in the prevalence of overnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa, where undernutrition and hidden hunger conditions still represent an emergency. Among the factors influencing malnutrition conditions connected to dietary intake and eating habits, evidence shows the importance of food knowledge. Traditionally, in developing countries, women represent the pillar of the food system and impact their children's nutrition: food-based, women-centred strategies are recommended to address nutrient gaps, educate and empower women, and counteract malnutrition. The short communication presents the results of the ACTION project: an educational-intervention pilot study targeting childbearing-age women living in rural areas of Southern Kenya. To evaluate the feasibility of the educational course built, the authors administered to the women a food knowledge questionnaire, before and after the intervention. Study results describe an increase in women's food knowledge after attending the food education course. This encourages to increase education courses which can represent a starting point in improving food habits with a positive effect on the health condition in developing counties too.
Interview and interior: Procedures of narrative surveys around 1900
Authors: te Heesen Anke
Published: July 2023

Argument

In the spring of 1893, the Austrian writer and critic Hermann Bahr began interviewing various people on antisemitism, a subject of heated discussion in the European feuilleton around 1900. “Once again, I am travelling the world sounding out people’s opinions and listening to what they have to say,” he wrote in his introduction to a series of articles on that issue that appeared in the feuilleton of the Deutsche Zeitung between March and September 1893. A year later, the Berlin publishing house S. Fischer turned Bahr’s articles into a book. Bahr conducted a total of thirty-eight interviews with prominent personages, such as August Bebel, Theodor Mommsen, Ernst Haeckel, Henrik Ibsen and Jules Simon. Bahr did not focus on the arguments in favour or against antisemitism. Instead, he set out explicitly to investigate the sentiments, perceptions and opinions on this topic within the cultured classes. Yet, as I will show in this article, Bahr tried to capture not only the “sentiments” [Empfindungen] aired by his interviewees, but also the settings and interiors in which the interviews took place. I argue that these descriptions of physical space served Bahr as authentication, as a three-dimensional certificate for the “facts of opinion” [Meinungstatsachen] he recorded.
Practitioner and Applicant Reactions to Brainteaser Interview Questions
Authors: Childers Marie , McAbee Samuel T.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Research on applicant reactions to brainteaser interview questions has been mixed, with some applicants finding them humorous and others finding them useless and unfair to use in an interview. Little research, however, has investigated how practitioners perceive these questions. Across two studies, we assess how applicants and practitioners react to brainteaser questions and how people perceive their use in a selection context. We find consistently negative reactions to brainteaser interview questions in both applicants and practitioners. As such, organizations that use or are considering using these questions in their selection practices should use caution. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Maximizing the extraction yield of plant gum exudate using response surface methodology and artificial neural networking and pharmacological characterization
Authors: Noureen Shazia , Noreen Sobia , Ghumman Shazia Akram , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Hameed Huma , Anwar-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Irfan Ali , Batool Fozia , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Aslam Samina , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: July 2023

Prunus armeniaca gum is used as food additive and ethno medicinal purpose. Two empirical models response surface methodology and artificial neural network were used to search for optimized extraction parameters for gum extraction. A four-factor design was implemented for optimization of extraction process for maximum yield which was obtained under the optimized extraction parameter (temperature, pH, extraction time, and gum/water ratio). Micro and macro-elemental composition of gum was determined by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Gum was evaluated for toxicological effect and pharmacological properties. The maximum predicted yield obtained by response surface methodology and artificial neural network was 30.44 and 30.70% which was very close to maximum experimental yield 30.23%. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopic spectra confirmed the presence Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen. Acute oral toxicity study showed that gum is non-toxic up to 2000 mg/Kg body weight in rabbits, accompanied by high cytotoxic effects of gum against HepG2 and MCF-7cells by MTT assay. Overall, Aqueous solution of gum showed various pharmacological activities with significant value of antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-nociceptive, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activities. Thus, optimization of parameters using mathematical models cans offer better prediction and estimations with enhanced pharmacological properties of extracted components.
Impact of type of anticoagulant on clinical outcomes in cancer patients who had atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chai-Adisaksopha Chatree , Watanabe Alexandre H. , Dilokthornsakul Piyameth , Navaravong Leenhapong , Witt Daniel M. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: July 2023

To date, evidence on optimal anticoagulant options in patients with AF who concurrently have active cancer remains elusive. To describe anticoagulant patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with a concomitant diagnosis of AF and cancer. Data were obtained from the University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) Hospitals. Patients were included if they had diagnosis of AF and cancer. Outcome was type and pattern of anticoagulant. Clinical outcomes were stroke, bleeding and all-cause mortality. From October 1999 to December 2020, there were 566 AF patients who concurrently had active cancer. Mean age ± standard deviation was 76.2 ± 10.7 and 57.6% were males. Comparing to warfarin, patients who received direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) were associated with similar risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–2.7, P = 0.67). On contrary, those who received low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) were associated with significantly higher risk of stroke comparing to warfarin (aHR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0–5.6, P = 0.04). Comparing to warfarin, DOACs and LMWH was associated with similar risk of overall bleeding with aHR 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.6, P = 0.73) and aHR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6–1.7, P = 0.83), respectively. Patients who received LMWH but not DOACs were associated with increased risk of death as compared to warfarin, aHR 4.5 (95% CI 2.8–7.2, P < 0.001) and 1.2 (95% CI 0.7–2.2, P = 0.47). In patients with active cancer and AF, LMWH, compared to warfarin, was associated with an increased risk of stroke and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, DOACs was associated with similar risk of stroke, bleeding and death as compared to warfarin.
Je me souviens de Françoise Dieterlen
Authors: Pardanaud Luc
Published: July 2023

Cette revue est un hommage à Françoise Dieterlen qui fut ma directrice de recherche entre 1984 et 2000. J’y rassemble des souvenirs de science mais aussi personnels et essaie de dresser le portrait d’une femme éclairée, proche de ses étudiants, qui a su m’inculquer les principes de base primordiaux pour faire de la recherche fondamentale et façonner le jeune étudiant que j’étais en un chercheur conscient de la discipline, de la rigueur et de la patience inhérentes à ce métier.
Quadrizepssehnenrupturen
Authors: Döbele Stefan , Ziegler Patrick , Leyder Diane , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Histing Tina , Hofmann Valeska , Konrads Christian
Published: July 2023

Der typische Patient mit Quadrizepssehnenruptur ist mittleren Alters. Er hat eine degenerativ vorgeschädigte Sehne, die er sich mit der eigenen Muskelkraft im Rahmen einer plötzlichen
exzentrischen Beanspruchung abreißt. Der Streckapparat ist dann insuffizient und das aktive Anheben des vollständig gestreckten Beins von der Untersuchungsliege ist dann nicht mehr
möglich. Aufgrund der Funktionseinschränkung mit Sturzgefahr besteht bei einer Quadrizepssehnenruptur grundsätzlich und regelhaft die Indikation zur operativen Sehnenrefixation.
Interhospitaltransport – ein teamorientierter Ansatz
Authors: Monnig Marco
Published: July 2023

„Die Krankenwagenfahrer sind da“ – so kündigt sich den Kollegen der Intensivstation oft die Verlegung eines Patienten an. Das gemeinsame Ziel aller daran Beteiligten ist es nun, die Patientenversorgung der Intensivstation professionell fortzusetzen und eine sichere Verlegung des Patienten in die weitere Behandlung zu gewährleisten. Wie laufen solche Transporte ab? Was sind die organisatorischen Vorgaben bei der Durchführung? Und warum ist die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit von Klinik und Intensivverlegungsdienst so wichtig? Dieser Beitrag zeigt Struktur und Abläufe des Interhospitaltransports in Deutschland.
Versorgung und Reanimation von Neugeborenen – (k)ein Thema?!
Authors: Bittner Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Wie oft kommt es eigentlich dazu, dass Neugeborene im Rahmen der Geburt reanimationspflichtig werden? Welche Abläufe und Algorithmen greifen? Und was kann getan werden, um das Neugeborene bei Anpassungsstörungen zu unterstützen? Antworten auf diese Fragen liefert dieser Artikel, der sich mit der Versorgung von Neugeborenen > 32 + 0 Schwangerschaftswoche im klinischen Setting befasst. Er soll vor allem nicht geburtshilflich oder neonatologisch erfahrenem und ausgebildetem oder trainiertem Personal eine Orientierung geben.
The Role of Human and Organizational Factors in the Pursuit of One Digital Health
Authors: Kuziemsky Craig E.
Published: July 2023

Objective: This paper surveys a subset of the 2022 human and organizational factor (HOF) literature to provide guidance on building a One Digital Health ecosystem.

Methods: We searched a subset of journals in PubMed/Medline for studies with „human factors“ or „organization“ in the title or abstract. Papers published in 2022 were eligible for inclusion in the survey. Selected papers were categorized into structural and behavioural aspects to understand digital health enabled interactions across micro, meso, and macro systems.

Results: Our survey of the 2022 HOF literature showed that while we continue to make meaningful progress at digital health enabled interactions across systems levels, there are still challenges that must be overcome. For example, we must continue to grow the breadth of HOF research beyond individual users and systems to assist with the scale up of digital health systems across and beyond organizations. We summarize the findings by providing five HOF considerations to help build a One Digital Health ecosystem.

Conclusion: One Digital Health challenges us to improve coordination, communication, and collaboration between the health, environmental and veterinary sectors. Doing so requires us to develop both the structural and behavioural capacity of digital health systems at the organizational level and beyond so that we can develop more robust and integrated systems across health, environmental and veterinary sectors. The HOF community has much to offer and must play a leading role in designing a One Digital Health ecosystem.