bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditionally used edible Solanaceae plants of Mizoram, India have high antioxidant and antimicrobial potential for effective phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations
Authors: Ralte Laldinfeli , Bhardwaj Usha , Singh Yengkhom Tunginba
Published: May 2021

Background
Solanaceae plants are incredible sources of proteins and minerals; some even have high medicinal value recognized traditionally. The present study was designed to explore and document the ethnobotany, phytochemical and mineral nutrient composition, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant potential and identify functional groups from edible species of Solanaceae from Mizoram, India.
Methods
Field surveys and samples collection were conducted from Aizawl District, Mizoram, India. All the studied samples were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus for analysis of bioactive compounds. The total phenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin content were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activity was done using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The proximate analysis and mineral contents were also determined. The antibacterial potential was determined by agar well diffusion method. The functional groups present in plants were analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). All the results were reported as the mean ± standard deviation. The linear regression coefficient (R2) for total flavonoid and phenolic content with antioxidant activity was then analysed using Graph Pad Prism Version 5.
Results
The phytochemical screenings showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins. The highest total phenolic content was found in Solanum anguivi Lam. (29.51 mg GAE/g), and Capsicum annuum L. contained the highest total flavonoids (35.15 ± 0.03 mg/g). Proteins and carbohydrates contents were found to be the highest in Solanum melongena L. (28.49 mg/g) and Physalis angulata L. (35.64 mg/g) respectively. Elemental analysis showed the presence of Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) in high proportion in all the studied samples. All the plants extracts showed effective antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of multiple functional groups, which could be used to identify bioactive compounds that can be subsequently utilized as herbal remedies for various ailments.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that considerable amount of nutrients, biologically active and therapeutic compounds are present in the studied samples and these plants could be potential sources for new phyto-pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.
A review on bioactive phytochemicals, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological importance of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Sreedha Sajana , Kashyap Arun Kumar , Singh Pardeep , Ramchiary Nirala
Published: May 2021

The Portulaca oleracea L. commonly known as Purslane is distributed all over the world and easily grows in diverse soil conditions. It has been traditionally used as a nutritious and ethnomedicinal food across the globe. Various studies have shown that the plant is a rich source of various important phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins such as A, C, E, and B, carotenoids and minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc. It is particularly very important because of the presence of very high concentration of omega-3- fatty acids especially α-linolenic acid, gamma- linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which are not generally synthesized in terrestrial plants. Various parts of Purslane are known for ethnomedicinal and pharmacological uses because of its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, skeletal muscle relaxant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-insomnia, analgesic, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, wound healing and antiseptic activities. Due to multiple benefits of Purslane, it has become an important wonder crop and various scientists across the globe have shown much interest in it as a healthy food for the future. In this review, we provide an update on the phytochemical and nutritional composition of Purslane, its usage as nutritional and an ethnomedicinal plant across the world. We further emphasize its ethno medicinal importance across cultures and pharmacological potential.
Increased expression level of ANGPTL8 in White Adipose tissue under Chronic Cold Treatment
Authors: Arefanian Hossein , Al-Khairi Irina , Khalaf Nermeen Abu , Cherian Preethi , Kavalakatt Sina , Mathur Aditi , Qaddoumi Mohamed G. , Al-Mulla Fahd , Abubaker Jehad , Abu-Farha Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Background

It is well known that Angiopoietin like protein (ANGPTL) mainly 3, 4 and 8 play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis by regulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, which is a key regulator of triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Our aim is to evaluate the level of ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 in mice maintained under cold conditions in the liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and white adipose tissue (WAT).
Methods

C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cold temperature at 4˚C over a period of ten days with food given ad libitum. Animal tissues were harvested at days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 (cold treatment groups, n = 10 in each group, control, n = 5). Liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and BAT were used to investigate the expression level of different genes. ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 genes expression were measured in liver. ANGPTL4, 8 and UCP1 were measured in SAT and BAT.
Results

ANGPTL 3 and 8 gene expression levels were significantly reduced in mice liver tissues after cold treatment (P-value < 0.05). However, the gene expression level of ANGPTL4 was not significantly changed. In BAT, ANGPTL8 expression was not changed after cold treatment while ANGPTL4 was significantly reduced (P-value < 0.05). ANGPTL4 level was also significantly reduced in SAT, whereas the gene expression level of ANGPTL8 showed over a 5-fold increase. Similarly, the UCP1 gene expression was also significantly increased in SAT. Additionally, protein overexpression of ANGPTL8 was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry after extended cold treatment.
Conclusion

Our data shows that ANGPTL proteins are inhibited in the liver and BAT under cold treatment. This agrees with other studies that showed that reduction in ANGPTL4 in BAT improved thermogenesis in response to acute cold exposure. However, in our study we also observed that ANGPTL8 is activated under these conditions in SAT. This suggests that it might be involved in the regulation of lipolysis as well as enhancing SAT browning.
Network Pharmacology analysis of orally bioavailable SARS-COV2 protease inhibitor shows synergistic targets to improve clinical efficacy
Authors: Kumar Arun
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Orally bioavailable SARS-CoV2 antiviral drugs will significantly improve the clinical management of the disease. PF07321332 (PF32) one such orally bioavailable SARS-CoV2 protease inhibitor which can be helpful to prevent viral replication in the host. Material and methods: Hence this study evaluated the network pharmacology of PF32 using established methods to predict its potential safety and efficacy. Results: PF32 was selective against SARS-CoV2 proteases without any affinity against SARS-CoV2 RNA polymerase or its spike protein. While PF32 showed pharmacologically relevant affinity against several targets in human tissues. The target profiling of PF32 indicated a fourfold selectivity towards several proteases in human tissues with an affinity (IC50) ranging from 26 to 41 nM. Conclusion: The predicted inhibitory effects of PF32 against both host and viral proteases may have synergistic effects for superior clinical efficacy.
Comparing Two Fluoride Therapies for Caries Management in Young Children: Study Protocol for a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Gao Sherry Shiqian , Zheng Faith Miaomiao , Chen Kitty Jieyi , Duangthip Duangporn , Lo Edward Chin Man , Chu Chun Hung
Published: May 2021

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are widely used for caries management. The objectives of this study are i) to compare the caries-arresting and caries-preventive effects of SDF and NaF in young children, ii) to determine children’s and parents’ acceptance of these fluoride therapies, and iii) to investigate the short-term (one-day) and long-term (one-year) adverse effects of these fluoride therapies.Methods/Design: This is a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial to be conducted in Hong Kong kindergartens. The study has received approval from the local institutional review board. It has been prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (No.: NCT04399369) on 22 May 2020. Written consent will be obtained from the parents/guardians before the study. The study will recruit at least 688 healthy 3-year-old children. This sample size is sufficient for an appropriate statistical analysis. Stratified randomisation will be performed for intervention allocation. The two intervention groups are 38% SDF and 5% NaF varnish applied on six primary upper anterior teeth. At baseline, one trained examiner will perform clinical examinations of the children in the kindergartens. The caries experience and oral hygiene status of each child will be recorded using the decayed, missing (due to caries) and filled primary tooth index and visual plaque index, respectively. Then, an independent operator will apply the assigned fluoride after the dental examinations. The examiner, the children and their parents will be blinded to the intervention allocation. In addition, a research assistant will evaluate the child’s acceptance using interval rating scales for children’s uncooperative behaviour. The examiner will then visit the children the next day to study the short-term potential adverse effects of the fluoride therapies. The same examiner will perform a follow-up examination after one year to evaluate the children’s caries experiences, their oral hygiene statuses and the adverse effects of the fluoride. Parental questionnaires will be used to assess parental satisfaction and concerns about the fluoride therapies.Discussion: This study provides essential information about using SDF in an outreach kindergarten service for caries management from different aspects, which include the caries-arresting and caries-preventive effects, the adverse effects, and children’s and parents’ acceptance. The success of the service can help to increase the adoption of SDF to reduce the global burden of early childhood caries.
Agroecologia como alternativa de produção no campo: um estudo de caso no assentamento João Batista II, em Castanhal-PA
Authors: SANTOS Livia Silva , SOUZA Leonardo Figueiredo de , COSTA Gilson da Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetiva-se neste trabalho analisar a contribuição da agroecologia como forma de produção e de luta dos trabalhadores rurais que vivem no território do assentamento João Batista II em Castanhal/PA. Para tanto, adotamos como procedimento metodológico a elaboração de entrevistas com base em roteiro semiestruturado na perspectiva de Brumer et. al (2008) e conversas informais com as (os) agricultoras (es). Desse modo, observou-se, que uma característica marcante nos discursos dos entrevistados foi de que, para eles a agroecologia é muito mais do que uma técnica produtiva ou uma ciência, pois envolve uma variedade de outras dimensões, além do manejo de um determinado agroecossistema, o que permite concluir que os assentados possuem o processo agroecológico conscientemente internalizados, compreendendo que a forma de produção agroecológica possibilita benefícios não somente para si, mas também para todo o contexto social e ambiental em que estão inseridos.
Çeşitli Dayanımlara Sahip Atık Betonlardan Üretilen Geri Kazanılmış Agregaların Fiziksel ve Geomekanik Özellikleri
Authors: DİLBAS Hasan
Published: May 2021

Bu basit ve kapsamlı çalışma, geri kazanılmış agreganın (RA) temel özelliklerini araştırmaktadır ve mevcut agrega standartlarına ek olarak, bu makale RA’nın yoğunluğunu ve su absorpsiyonunu kısa sürede tahmin etmek için basit bir tahmin yaklaşımını önermektedir. Bilindiği gibi, fiziksel testler uzun
zaman almaktadır (yaklaşık 72 saat) ve atığın hızlı karakterizasyonu, özellikle geri dönüşüm tesisleri için daha önemlidir. Dolayısıyla, sonuçları genelleştirmek için yapılan testlerde düşük, orta ve yüksek dayanımlı atık betonlardan üretilen RA’lar dikkate alınmıştır. RA’nın temel özellikleri yoğunluk ve su absorpsiyonu olarak kabul edilebilir ve RA'ların geomekanik özelliklerini belirlemek için nokta yük testi kullanılmıştır. Nokta yük testinin dikkate alınmasının nedenleri, testin basitliği ve kısa test süresidir. Elde edilen deney sonuçları dikkate alınarak incelemelerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca, RA'nın fiziksel özelliklerini, nokta yük dayanım indeksi (Is(50)) kullanılarak tahmin etmek için denklemler önerilmiş ve tatmin edici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir
The Influence of Dimension Effect on the Hydrothermal Aging Behavior of Aramid/Epoxy Composites
Authors: OĞUZ Zeynel Abidin , ERKLİĞ Ahmet
Published: May 2021

An investigation was carried out concerning the hydrothermal aging effect on the water intake character of aramid/epoxy composites based on the dimension effect. The aramid/epoxy composites were manufactured by the vacuum assisted resin infusion method (VARIM) kept in distilled water and sea water at 25 °C and 70 °C for 6 weeks in a controllable aging cabin. The water absorption behavior of composite samples cut with different length/width (L/w) ratios was assessed according to different water types and temperatures. Besides, the water intake character of aramid/epoxy samples was interpreted theoretically according to the Fick model. The experimental and theoretical results showed that aramid/epoxy composites displayed a tendency consistent with the Fickian model. Further, the water intake character of aramid/epoxy samples was affected by criteria such as sea water, distilled water, temperature, and different L/w ratio. The temperature increase was caused to more water absorption. Further, the increase of L/w ratio was caused to more water intake for both water types.
Identification and behavioral characteristics of stakeholders of a water diversion project based on ‘sustainable supply chain theory’
Authors: Lu Yali , Ding Wenwen , Xu Shuaishuai
Published: May 2021

The South-to-North Water Diversion project, as one of China's strategic projects, plays an important role in China's development. Sixty-two years after the project was conceived, the central route project began to supply water in 2014. Users along the route are both beneficiaries and project influencers. Their behavior characteristics in the project operation have become a topic worthy of study. In this paper, based on a questionnaire conducted among government departments, enterprises and residents and on stakeholder theory, under the theory model of Sustainable Supply Chain (SSC) around the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) including society, economy and environment, the ecological compensation, sewage treatment and reservoir operation management in Xichuan County were investigated and studied. A total of 289 answers were recovered. Through the survey, it is found that: stakeholders include 15 township governments in Xichuan County, water conservancy project supporting facilities construction companies, ecological industry companies, water supply companies and other enterprises, as well as agricultural growers, rural farmers and non-agricultural residents in Xichuan County. Government stakeholders pursue the development of the overall operation of the project, while enterprises and residents pursue the development of individual economy. Finally, this paper lists the relevant indexes, which provide the opportunity for behavior evolution analysis and sustainable research of the project.
Identification of national hrm policy and job market demand: critical review of scientific publication
Authors: Dadang A. M. , Asmadianto Asmadianto , Rahayu Sukowati Mudji
Published: May 2021

This review study obtains much literature through a systemic search of data and information that covers the two variables above. The preparation and planning of human resources is a process that has been carried out systematically to improve human resources as the main asset worthy of being unemployable. On average, we find that this HR management is urgent to ensure the suitability between human resources and work, both in terms of quantity and quality that users are interested in, the study says. The study concludes that the preparation and Planning of Human Resources is a Process.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO PURCHASE ORGANIC VEGETABLES WITH THEORY PLANNED BEHAVIOUR APPROACH
Authors: Rejeki Septiadinur , Andriatmoko Novil Dedy , Toiba Hery
Published: May 2021

The recent modern healthy lifestyle is influenced by the selection of food ingredient such as organic vegetables. Organic vegetables are well known in community. But, the purchase of organic vegetables has decreased in the last few years because price has been high, packaging and quality have not been interesting, and low priority on organic vegetables than conventional vegetables. This research was conducted by the Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach with 6 variables. Those are price, packaging, quality, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control to analyze the effect of factor to the decreased purchase attitude and intention buy organic vegetables with Structural Equation Model (SEM)-Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results showed that the following factors are price, quality, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have an effect to the decreased purchase attitude and intention buy organic vegetables. So, it can be a strategy for selling and consuming organic vegetables in the future.
BPP UTILIZATION BY FARMERS TO SUPPORT INDONESIA AS BARNS THE WORLD
Authors: Haryono Iranita , Padapi Astrini , Wulandary Ayu
Published: May 2021

One of the efforts to achieve national food security is by strengthening assistance and counseling to farmers as the main actors. One of the extension links closest to the community and located at the sub-district level is the Peratanian Extension Center (BPP). The function and role of BPP is developed to achieve the desired expectations, namely food self-sufficiency and improvement of farmer welfare. Therefore, there is a need for a special study to be able to determine the level of responsiveness, responsibility and quality of agricultural extension services carried out by the BPP in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This reserch aims to determine the performance of agricultural extension agents in Sidenreng Rappang Regency in terms of the level of accountability of agricultural extension activities based on indicators of responsiveness, responsibility and quality of extension services. The research was conducted from July to October in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This research used a survey method. Determination of the sample of this study was carried out purposively on extension workers at the local BPP. Data collected descriptively by cross tabulation. Data analysis used scoring parameters, proportion, maximum, minimum and average values. The results show that the agricultural instructor's Performance Score is 294 which is interpreted into a moderate category score, which means that the ability of the BPP is sufficient to be able to recognize the needs of the assisted farmers, is sufficient to develop extension programs / activities that are in accordance with the wishes / aspirations of local farmers, and sufficient in providing service to farmers.
ANALYSIS OF VALUE CHAIN CRISAN CUTTING INTEREST (Case Study of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Farmer Group in Sidomulyo Village, Batu District, Batu City)
Authors: Yanuaristy Winda , Koestiono Djoko , Muhaimin Abdul Wahib
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the value chain of chrysanthemum cut flower farmers. The object of this research is located in Sidomulyo Village, Kec. Batu, Stone Town. This research was conducted on 34 respondents of chrysanthemum cut flower farmers using the census method. Data analysis using the Value Chain Analysis method by Kaplinsky and Morris. The results of this study indicate that the chrysanthemum cut flower farmer groups in the village of Sidomulyo have a value chain, namely, collectors (Florist) → Event Organizer / Florist. Value Chain Mapping shows that all activities in the production of sudan chrysanthemum cut flowers are quite optimal, but there are 2 points that are lacking in outbound logistics and supporting activities in Product Segment Determination and Key Market Success Factors. Chrysanthemum cut flowers are influenced by price, constraints on delivery, packaging, flexibility and innovation
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS’ HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION IN MALANG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Sugiyanto S , Pintakami Lintar Brillian
Published: May 2021

Food has become a primary human need that must be fulfilled before fulfilling other living needs such as clothing, housing, and education. The present study analyzes food consumption patterns and factors influencing it in the Malang District. The analysis is done by tabulating data and then analyzed using the calculation of energy consumption adequacy based on the DDP reference. To analyze the influencing factors carried out using multiple linear regression analysis. Sampling is done by simple random sampling method as many as 100 housewives. The results indicate that the food consumption patterns of households in the Malang District have not reached ideal numbers. Simultaneously the income variable, the number of family members, the age of the mother, the level of maternal education significantly influence the food consumption patterns of households in Malang District while partially the income and number of families have a significant effect on household food consumption patterns in Malang District City.
Memoria de trabajo y rendimiento académico, en estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a una institución privada del Municipio de Bello, Antioquia
Authors: Acosta-Echavarría Álvaro Alejandro , Mejía-Toro Wilber Arduai
Published: May 2021

A non-probabilistic, correlational postfactual study was carried out, whose objective was the correlation between work memory and academic performance, in a group of 50 university students, belonging to a private university in the Municipality of Bello, Colombia. Median difference tests were performed, using Kruskal Wallis and association measures using Spearman's Rho. To this end, the statistical package Stata 15.0 is included in the results, the associations statistically include the academic average and the working memory index of the WAIS 3: with a Rho of 0.33; Associations were also found with the sub-scales Essays 1 and 3.
Validity of the Aktibipo Self-rating Questionnaire for the Digital Self-assessment of Mood and Relapse Detection in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Anýž Jiří , Bakštein Eduard , Dally Andrea , Kolenič Marián , Hlinka Jaroslav , Hartmannová Tereza , Urbanová Kateřina , Correll Christoph U , Novák Daniel , Španiel Filip
Published: May 2021

Background

Self-reported mood is a valuable clinical data source regarding disease state and course in patients with mood disorders. However, validated, quick, and scalable digital self-report measures that can also detect relapse are still not available for clinical care.

Objective

In this study, we aim to validate the newly developed ASERT (Aktibipo Self-rating) questionnaire—a 10-item, mobile app–based, self-report mood questionnaire consisting of 4 depression, 4 mania, and 2 nonspecific symptom items, each with 5 possible answers. The validation data set is a subset of the ongoing observational longitudinal AKTIBIPO400 study for the long-term monitoring of mood and activity (via actigraphy) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Patients with confirmed BD are included and monitored with weekly ASERT questionnaires and monthly clinical scales (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] and Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS]).

Methods

The content validity of the ASERT questionnaire was assessed using principal component analysis, and the Cronbach α was used to assess the internal consistency of each factor. The convergent validity of the depressive or manic items of the ASERT questionnaire with the MADRS and YMRS, respectively, was assessed using a linear mixed-effects model and linear correlation analyses. In addition, we investigated the capability of the ASERT questionnaire to distinguish relapse (YMRS≥15 and MADRS≥15) from a nonrelapse (interepisode) state (YMRS<15 and MADRS<15) using a logistic mixed-effects model.

Results

A total of 99 patients with BD were included in this study (follow-up: mean 754 days, SD 266) and completed an average of 78.1% (SD 18.3%) of the requested ASERT assessments (completion time for the 10 ASERT questions: median 24.0 seconds) across all patients in this study. The ASERT depression items were highly associated with MADRS total scores (P<.001; bootstrap). Similarly, ASERT mania items were highly associated with YMRS total scores (P<.001; bootstrap). Furthermore, the logistic mixed-effects regression model for scale-based relapse detection showed high detection accuracy in a repeated holdout validation for both depression (accuracy=85%; sensitivity=69.9%; specificity=88.4%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.880) and mania (accuracy=87.5%; sensitivity=64.9%; specificity=89.9%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.844).

Conclusions

The ASERT questionnaire is a quick and acceptable mood monitoring tool that is administered via a smartphone app. The questionnaire has a good capability to detect the worsening of clinical symptoms in a long-term monitoring scenario.
Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL)
Authors: Nathan Arjun , Fricker Monty , Patel Sonam , Georgi Maria , Hang Man Kien , Asif Aqua , Sinha Amil , Mullins William , Shea Jessie , Hanna Nancy , Lamb Benjamin , Kelly John , Sridhar Ashwin , Collins Justin
Published: May 2021

Background

Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction. VCT may optimize resources and increase accessibility.

Objective

We aim to investigate whether VCT is superior to computer-based learning and noninferior to FFT in improving proficiency in basic surgical skills.

Methods

This is a protocol for a parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 72 undergraduates will be recruited from 5 medical schools in London. Participants will be stratified by subjective and objective suturing experience level and allocated to 3 intervention groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. VCT will be delivered using the BARCO weConnect software, and FFT will be provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratios of 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT will be maintained. The assessed task will be interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots.

Results

The primary outcome will be the postintervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, adjudicated by 2 experts blinded to the study and adjusted for baseline proficiency. The noninferiority margin (δ) will be defined using historical data.

Conclusions

This study will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual basic surgical skills classroom training as an alternative to FFT. Our findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient, accessible, virtual basic surgical skills training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN12448098; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12448098

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/28671
Automatic Classification of Screen Gaze and Dialogue in Doctor-Patient-Computer Interactions: Computational Ethnography Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Helou Samar , Abou-Khalil Victoria , Iacobucci Riccardo , El Helou Elie , Kiyono Ken
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The study of doctor-patient-computer interactions is a key research area for examining doctor-patient relationships; however, studying these interactions is costly and obtrusive as researchers usually set up complex mechanisms or intrude on consultations to collect, then manually analyze the data.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to facilitate human-computer and human-human interaction research in clinics by providing a computational ethnography tool: an unobtrusive automatic classifier of screen gaze and dialogue combinations in doctor-patient-computer interactions.

METHODS

The classifier’s input is video taken by doctors using their computers' internal camera and microphone. By estimating the key points of the doctor's face and the presence of voice activity, we estimate the type of interaction that is taking place. The classification output of each video segment is 1 of 4 interaction classes: (1) screen gaze and dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (2) dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing away from the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (3) screen gaze, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen without conversing with the patient; and (4) other, wherein no screen gaze or dialogue are detected. We evaluated the classifier using 30 minutes of video provided by 5 doctors simulating consultations in their clinics both in semi- and fully inclusive layouts.

RESULTS

The classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 0.83, a performance similar to that of a human coder. Similar to the human coder, the classifier was more accurate in fully inclusive layouts than in semi-inclusive layouts.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed classifier can be used by researchers, care providers, designers, medical educators, and others who are interested in exploring and answering questions related to screen gaze and dialogue in doctor-patient-computer interactions.
A Text Messaging Intervention (StayWell at Home) to Counteract Depression and Anxiety During COVID-19 Social Distancing: Pre-Post Study (Preprint)
Authors: Aguilera Adrian , Hernandez-Ramos Rosa , Haro-Ramos Alein Y , Boone Claire Elizabeth , Luo Tiffany Christina , Xu Jing , Chakraborty Bibhas , Karr Chris , Darrow Sabrina , Figueroa Caroline Astrid
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Social distancing and stay-at-home orders are critical interventions to slow down person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. While these societal changes help contain the pandemic, they also have unintended negative consequences, including anxiety and depression. We developed StayWell, a daily skills-based SMS text messaging program, to mitigate COVID-19–related depression and anxiety symptoms among people who speak English and Spanish in the United States.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the changes in StayWell participants’ anxiety and depression levels after 60 days of exposure to skills-based SMS text messages.

METHODS

We used self-administered, empirically supported web-based questionnaires to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of StayWell participants. Anxiety and depression were measured using the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) scale and the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) scale at baseline and 60-day timepoints. We used 2-tailed paired t tests to detect changes in PHQ-8 and GAD-2 scores from baseline to follow-up measured 60 days later.

RESULTS

The analytic sample includes 193 participants who completed both the baseline and 60-day exit questionnaires. At the 60-day time point, there were significant reductions in both PHQ-8 and GAD-2 scores from baseline. We found an average reduction of –1.72 (95% CI –2.35 to –1.09) in PHQ-8 scores and –0.48 (95% CI –0.71 to –0.25) in GAD-2 scores. These improvements translated to an 18.5% and 17.2% reduction in mean PHQ-8 and GAD-2 scores, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

StayWell is an accessible, low-intensity population-level mental health intervention. Participation in StayWell focused on COVID-19 mental health coping skills and was related to improved depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition to improvements in outcomes, we found high levels of engagement during the 60-day intervention period. Text messaging interventions could serve as an important public health tool for disseminating strategies to manage mental health.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04473599; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04473599

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/23592
Combining External Medical Knowledge for Improving Obstetric Intelligent Diagnosis: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Kunli , Cai Linkun , Song Yu , Liu Tao , Zhao Yueshu
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Data-driven medical health information processing has become a new development trend in obstetrics. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are the basis of evidence-based medicine and an important information source for intelligent diagnosis. To obtain diagnostic results, doctors combine clinical experience and medical knowledge in their diagnosis process. External medical knowledge provides strong support for diagnosis. Therefore, it is worth studying how to make full use of EMRs and medical knowledge in intelligent diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to improve the performance of intelligent diagnosis in EMRs by combining medical knowledge.

METHODS

As an EMR usually contains multiple types of diagnostic results, the intelligent diagnosis can be treated as a multilabel classification task. We propose a novel neural network knowledge-aware hierarchical diagnosis model (KHDM) in which Chinese obstetric EMRs and external medical knowledge can be synchronously and effectively used for intelligent diagnostics. In KHDM, EMRs and external knowledge documents are integrated by the attention mechanism contained in the hierarchical deep learning framework. In this way, we enrich the language model with curated knowledge documents, combining the advantages of both to make a knowledge-aware diagnosis.

RESULTS

We evaluate our model on a real-world Chinese obstetric EMR dataset and showed that KHDM achieves an accuracy of 0.8929, which exceeds that of the most advanced classification benchmark methods. We also verified the model’s interpretability advantage.

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, an improved model combining medical knowledge and an attention mechanism is proposed, based on the problem of diversity of diagnostic results in Chinese EMRs. KHDM can effectively integrate domain knowledge to greatly improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
Examining the Effectiveness of 3D Virtual Reality Training on Problem-solving, Self-efficacy, and Teamwork Among Inexperienced Volunteers Helping With Drug Use Prevention: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chiang Chih-Huei , Huang Chiu-Mieh , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Liao Jung-Yu , Hsu Hsiao-Pei , Wang Shih-Wen , Guo Jong-Long
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Illegal drug usage among adolescents is a critical health problem. The Taiwanese government provides an accompanying volunteer program to prevent students who experiment with drugs from reusing them. An appropriate training program can improve volunteers’ abilities to assist students using drugs. Problem-solving, self-efficacy, and teamwork are critical abilities for inexperienced volunteers who help with drug use prevention. By interacting with the animation or 3D virtual reality (VR) in the virtual scene, learners can immerse themselves in the virtual environment to learn, and 3D VR can increase learning opportunities and reduce the cost of human and material resources.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) training in improving problem-solving, self-efficacy, and teamwork among volunteers who helped prevent adolescents from using illegal drugs.

METHODS

This study used a randomized controlled design with a total of 68 participants in the experimental (n=35) and control (n=33) groups. The participants in the experimental group received the SVVR training program and their counterparts in the control group did not receive any training.

RESULTS

Generalized estimating equation analyses indicated that the experimental group showed significant posttraining improvements in problem-solving and self-efficacy but not teamwork when compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study revealed that SVVR could improve participants’ problem-solving skills and self-efficacy for assisting students in not using illegal drugs. However, future studies are suggested to develop effective SVVR to assist inexperienced volunteers in enhancing their teamwork abilities. We believed that introducing the training program to more sites can enhance volunteer training so that volunteers can have a better companionship effect when helping students quit drugs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05072431; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05072431
The Box—eHealth in the Outpatient Clinic Follow-up of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cost-Utility Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Treskes Roderick Willem , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , van Winden Louise , van Keulen Nicole , van der Velde Enno Tjeerd , Beeres Saskia , Atsma Douwe , Schalij Martin Jan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Smartphone compatible wearables have been released on the consumers market, enabling remote monitoring. Remote monitoring is often named as a tool to reduce the cost of care.

OBJECTIVE

The primary purpose of this paper is to describe a cost-utility analysis of an eHealth intervention compared to regular follow-up in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODS

In this trial, of which clinical results have been published previously, patients with an AMI were randomized in a 1:1 fashion between an eHealth intervention and regular follow-up. The remote monitoring intervention consisted of a blood pressure monitor, weight scale, electrocardiogram device, and step counter. Furthermore, two in-office outpatient clinic visits were replaced by e-visits. The control group received regular care. The differences in mean costs and quality of life per patient between both groups during one-year follow-up were calculated.

RESULTS

Mean costs per patient were €2417±2043 (US $2657±2246) for the intervention and €2888±2961 (US $3175±3255) for the control group. This yielded a cost reduction of €471 (US $518) per patient. This difference was not statistically significant (95% CI –€275 to €1217; P=.22, US $–302 to $1338). The average quality-adjusted life years in the first year of follow-up was 0.74 for the intervention group and 0.69 for the control (difference –0.05, 95% CI –0.09 to –0.01; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

eHealth in the outpatient clinic setting for patients who suffered from AMI is likely to be cost-effective compared to regular follow-up. Further research should be done to corroborate these findings in other patient populations and different care settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02976376; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02976376

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/resprot.8038
Utilization of a Directly Supervised Telehealth-Based Exercise Training Program in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Motz Victoria , Faust Alison , Dahmus Jessica , Stern Benjamin , Soriano Christopher , Stine Jonathan G
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Most patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are physically inactive despite the well-known benefits of physical activity. Telehealth offers promise as a novel way to deliver an exercise training program and increase physical activity. However, the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of telehealth-based exercise programs is unknown in patients with NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of a directly supervised exercise training program delivered exclusively with telehealth to patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD.

METHODS

In response to COVID-19 research restrictions, we adapted an existing clinical trial and delivered 20 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training 5 days a week under real-time direct supervision using an audio–visual telehealth platform. Aerobic training was completed by walking outdoors or using a home treadmill. Fitness activity trackers with heart rate monitors ensured exercise was completed at the prescribed intensity with real-time feedback from an exercise physiologist.

RESULTS

Three female patients with biopsy-proven NASH were enrolled with a mean age of 52 (SD 14) years. The mean body mass index was 31.9 (SD 5.1) kg/m2. All patients had metabolic syndrome. All patients completed over 80% of exercise sessions (mean 84% [SD 3%]) and no adverse events occurred. Body weight (mean –5.1% [SD 3.7%]), body fat (mean –4.4% [SD 2.3%]), and waist circumference (mean –1.3 in. [SD 1.6 in.]) all improved with exercise. The mean relative reduction in magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was 35.1% (SD 8.8%). Mean reductions in hemoglobin A1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance were also observed (–0.5% [SD 0.2%] and –4.0 [SD 1.2], respectively). The mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) improved by 9.9 (SD 6.6) mL/kg/min.

CONCLUSIONS

This proof-of-concept study found that supervised exercise training delivered via telehealth is feasible and safe in patients with NASH. Telehealth-based exercise training also appears to be highly efficacious in patients with NASH, but this will need to be confirmed by future large-scale trials.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03518294; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03518294
Experiencing trauma during or before pregnancy: qualitative secondary analysis after two natural disasters (Preprint)
Authors: Severson Emily , Olson Joanne K. , Hyde Ashley , Bremault-Phillips Suzette , Spiers Jude , King Suzanne , Bick Johanna , Lipshutz Rebecca , Verstraeten Barbara S.E. , Olson David Mark
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite the existing knowledge about stress, trauma and pregnancy and maternal stress during natural disasters which could be linked to adverse birth and child health outcomes, little is known about what types of trauma pregnant or preconception women experience during natural disasters. In May 2016, the worst natural disaster in modern Canadian history required the evacuation of nearly 90,000 residents of the Fort McMurray Wood Buffalo (FMWB) area of northern Alberta. Among the thousands of evacuees were an estimated 1850 women who were pregnant or soon to conceive. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey devastated Texas and Louisiana, with 30,000 people forced to flee their homes due to the intense flooding. An estimated 40,000 pregnant women were living in Houston at the time of the flooding.

OBJECTIVE

To explore immediate and past traumatic experiences of pregnant or preconception women who experienced one of two natural disasters (a wildfire and a hurricane) as captured in their expressive writing. Research questions were: (1) What trauma did pregnant or preconception women experience during the fire and the hurricane? (2) What past traumatic experiences, apart from the disasters, did the women discuss in their expressive writing?

METHODS

A qualitative secondary analysis of expressive writing using thematic content analysis was conducted on the expressive writing of 50 pregnant or preconception women who experienced the 2016 Fort McMurray Wood Buffalo Wildfire (n=25) and the 2017 Houston Hurricane Harvey (n=25) Narrative data in the form of expressive writing entries from participants of two primary studies were thematically analyzed. One of the expressive writing questions was used in this analysis: “What is the most traumatic, upsetting experience of your entire life, especially that you have never discussed in great detail with others?” NVivo 12 supported thematic content analysis.

RESULTS

For some women, the natural disaster elicited immense fear and anxiety that surpassed past traumatic life events. Others, however, disclosed significant past traumas that continue to impact them, including betrayal by a loved one, abuse, maternal health complications, and illness.

CONCLUSIONS

We recommend a strengths-based and trauma-informed care approach in both maternal health and post-disaster relief care.
Development of Residential Space for the Tokaili Community in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Siradjuddin Zaenal
Published: May 2021

Central Sulawesi (ToKaili) is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has unique residential wisdom. The development of settlements affects the uniqueness of the evolutionary process of housing and housing provision regarding culture, technology, and knowledge that develops over time. This study aims to reveal what is behind the phenomenon of providing shelter and its formation from time to time. This research uses qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach. It is based on a development process. An analysis of several themes of the settlement period, from nomadic to permanent, then forms a hierarchy of agricultural settlements. According to the community, the territories included showing a vital role for local wisdom in influencing their formation into ideal accommodations. The results of this study reveal a hierarchical settlement pattern formed by the part of local knowledge in developing an excellent harmonious settlement from time to time.
The Category of Tense as a Universal Concept (Linguistic Overview)
Authors: Huseynova Rena Huseynaga
Published: May 2021

The article considers the category of tense as a universal phenomenon from the point of view of linguistics. The tense category belongs to the number of universal concepts that play a crucial role in modern science, in all its disciplinary complexes: both natural, social and humanitarian. Not a single sphere of human activity is complete without contact with the reality of time. Everything that moves, changes, lives, acts, and thinks is spread through time in one form or another. But despite the obviousness of time as an objective phenomenon has given to us in sensations, which is undoubtedly confirmed by our individual experience, the conceptual understanding of time both in the history of philosophy and science gives rise to many different, sometimes opposite approaches and results. Analysis of the tense category is one of the most actively developed topics in Russian and foreign science. The problem of time interpretation has attracted researchers for its inexhaustibility and versatility. It will never lose its relevance since the concept of time, along with the concepts of space and motion, is one of the essential categories of the knowledge theory. The interpretation of time is inextricably linked with the most fundamental ideas of a person about reality — with the interpretation of being, the meaning of life, all human activity — both cognitive and practical.
Line graph of unit graphs associated with finite commutative rings
Authors: Pranjali  , Kumar Amit , Sharma Pooja
Published: May 2021

For a given graph G, its line graph denoted by L(G) is a graph whose vertex set V (L(G)) = E(G) and {e1, e2} ∈ E(L(G)) if e1 and e2 are incident to a common vertex in G. Let R be a finite commutative ring with nonzero identity and G(R) denotes the unit graph associated with R. In this manuscript, we have studied the line graph L(G(R)) of unit graph G(R)  associated with R. In the course of the investigation, several basic properties, viz., diameter, girth, clique, and chromatic number of L(G(R)) have been determined. Further, we have derived sufficient conditions for L(G(R)) to be Planar and Hamiltonian