bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect and mechanism of verbascoside on hypoxic memory injury in plateau
Authors: Li Maoxing , Zhu Yuting , Li Jing , Chen Liping , Tao Wendi , Li Xiaoling , Qiu Yan
Published: July 2019

Verbascoside is a water‐soluble natural phenylethanoid glycoside and distributes widely in plants. It has been proved with antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory bioactivities. In this experiment, the effect and mechanism of verbascoside on hypoxic memory injury were studied in a low‐pressure and low‐oxygen chamber. Verbascoside (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered once a day for 7 days. On the fourth day, rats were placed in the chamber to simulate a 7,500 m high‐altitude environment The eight‐arm maze was used to test the memory ability. The levels of MDA, GSH, and T‐SOD in plasma, brain‐NH, and hippocampus were detected. The mRNA expression of mTOR, P70S6K, and 4E‐BP1 in the hippocampus tissue was determined by PCR. The protein expression of P‐mTOR, P‐P70S6K, P‐4E‐BP1, and Cleaved Caspase‐3 in the hippocampus tissue was determined by western blot. The results indicated that administration with verbascoside could obviously reduce the working memory error, reference memory error, total errors, and total time; relieve the neuron damage in CA1 region of the hippocampus; and decrease the oxidative stress correlation enzyme activity in plasma, brain, and hippocampus. The amelioration of verbascoside on high altitude–induced memory impairment may be associated with the adjustment of oxidative stress and mTOR signaling pathway.
Reshaping demand landscapes: How firms change customer preferences to better fit their products
Authors: Vinokurova Natalya
Published: July 2019

Research Summary

What strategies do firms use to change their customers' preferences? This paper addresses this question by developing a conceptual model that combines the representation of customer preferences as a demand landscape with research on marketing and psychology. I suggest that in addition to changing their products to accommodate customer preferences, firms also change the distribution of customer preferences to accommodate the firms' products. Specifically, I argue that firms alter customer preferences by adding, removing, and transforming the dimensions of the demand landscape. I illustrate the model with an historical case study of the U.S. market for mortgage‐backed securities (MBS) between 1968 and 1987, a period during which MBS issuers succeeded in reshaping the bond demand landscape to promote the acceptance of MBS as bonds.

Managerial Summary

Managers often assume that customer tastes are fixed and that the only way to improve a product's appeal to customers is to change the product's attributes to better accommodate the customers' preferences. In this paper, I consider two approaches firms can take to changing customer preferences to better accommodate their products. One approach is to convince the customers that the combination of attributes offered by the firm's product is more valuable than that in a product a customer is used to buying. An alternative approach is to manipulate the customer's perception of similarity between a product she is used to and the firm's product.
An Honest Day's Pay: Cooperation among Entrepreneurs vs. Students, and Linkages to Real‐World Business Success
Authors: Batsaikhan Mongoljin , Putterman Louis
Published: July 2019

The importance of cooperative behavior in business environments has been theorized in the field of management. However, measuring cooperation quantitatively is often challenging. We take advantage of experimental methods to overcome this issue. Particularly, we study the decisions that small‐scale entrepreneurs in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, make in a laboratory property rights dilemma experiment, comparing these to the decisions of student counterparts in the same and other countries, and looking for correlations between lab decisions and success in real‐world business sales. We find that Mongolian entrepreneurs generally achieve much higher cooperation levels and hence higher experimental earnings than Mongolian students. Also, among individual participants, producing and desisting from theft in the lab setting is correlated at the 1% level with real‐world business sales. Our findings align with the view that cooperative impulses or abidance of social norms can be an advantage in business relationships.
Experimental study on the performance of the UHPC longitudinal joint between existing bridge decks and lateral extensions
Authors: Chao Liu , Yuhao Huang , Yuanchun Lu
Published: July 2019

An experiment on high‐strain hardening ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) stitching joints was conducted based on the bridge‐stitching project of Jiyang viaduct, Shanghai. In this experiment, asymmetrical loading was used to simulate the bridge differential settlement caused by soil settlement. The experimental results showed that the entire process could be divided into three stages: elastic stage, cracks developing stage, and failure stage. During these stages, cracks appeared at the bottom of the UHPC slab. Then, many microcracks appeared at the side of the UHPC slab. These microcracks appeared in the form of microcrack clusters, and the width of these cracks increased slowly. It indicated that UHPC had good crack‐control ability. Finally, the main crack appeared at the bottom of the UHPC slab, and the transverse reinforcements yielded. It indicated that the reinforcement layout met the requirements of the failure mode of the specimen. For further analysis, the finite‐element model (FEM) was established. And the results showed that the bending resistance of the joints could be effectively enhanced by increasing the free length of the joint or reducing the thickness of the joint. Based on this experiment and analysis, a nonconnected joint form between slabs and girders was put forward. And the detailed reinforcement scheme of this nonconnected joint form was given. This reinforcement scheme could serve as a reference for similar projects.
Influences of design parameters on the properties of self‐compacting concrete produced with structurally different polycarboxylates
Authors: Erzengin Siddika G. , Öcal Cenk
Published: July 2019

New mixes were prepared according to the EFNARC self‐compacting concrete criteria with synthesized polycarboxylate‐type superplasticizers. For this purpose, superplasticizers possessing different side‐chain lengths and cross‐linkages were produced to overcome the workability and workability‐retention problems in self‐compacting concrete (SCC) by time. Not only the fresh properties but also hardened properties of SCCs were improved. With this study it was determined that, cross‐linked polycarboxylate‐type superplasticizer shows better performance in SCC compared to its counterparts and commercial polycarboxylate. It provides better self‐compaction by discharging its bubbles during molding. Besides, the effects of water‐powder ratio and superplasticizer dosage were also examined and discussed in this study.
Experimental study of lateral load behavior of H‐shaped precast reinforced concrete shear walls with bolted steel connections
Authors: Sun Jian , Qiu Hongxing , Lu Yong , Jiang Hongbo
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an experimental study of H‐shaped precast reinforced concrete shear walls involving vertical connections under combined vertical and lateral loading. The H‐wall is composed of two prefabricated flange wall panels: one prefabricated web wall panel and vertical bolted steel connections between the flange and web panels. The assembling of the H‐wall is completely dry without any in situ casting. Three H‐wall specimens were constructed and tested to investigate the mechanical behavior and seismic performance of them. The lateral load‐bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, lateral stiffness, strain in the connecting steel frame, and sliding within the bolted steel connections are presented and discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vertical connections. The ultimate shear‐resistance mechanism of the precast H‐wall assembly is also analyzed. The H‐wall assemblies generally possess high load‐bearing capacity, favorable ductility, and good energy‐dissipating capacity. The thickness of the steel plates in the connecting steel frame affects the lateral stiffness and the ultimate load‐bearing capacity of the H‐walls. Furthermore, the encasing steel plates for the web wall panel not only helps transfer the stress in the wall steel bars but also confines the concrete resulting in improved ductility.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterizations of Two Isomerism Cobalt Phosphite‐Oxalates with Varying Dimensions Using the Same Template from in situ Reaction
Authors: Xiu Zhijia , Jiang Yansong , Wang Honghao , Liu Lu , Ma Yike , Li Na , Huang Liangliang , Bi Yanfeng
Published: July 2019

Two novel cobalt phosphite‐oxalates with different frameworks, which are isomeric and of stoichiometry Co(H2PO3)(C2O4)·(C2H8N) (1 and 2), were prepared under solvothermal conditions by in situ reactions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 crystalilizes in the triclinic system space group P1 and 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group P21/n. Compound 1 shows a 2D layered structure and 2 presents a 3D open‐framework. Both structures are constructed with zigzag cobalt oxalate chains and [H2PO3]– pseudopyramids. The solvent with different pH values and components plays an important role in the formation of the final structures of both compounds. Moreover, magnetic properties were also investigated.
Surgical Notes: To Play or Not to Play
Authors: Mitta Nivedita , Jayakumar Vivekanandan , Dhanpal Nikhil , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep , Prabhakaran Roshini Antony , Kannan Karthikeyan , Venugopal Anirudh , Subramanyam S. G.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Music is any sound that is perceived as pleasingly harmonious. The link between music and healthcare can be traced long back in the history of mankind. Thus, our study aimed at assessing the impact of different genre of music on the cognition functioning, memory and attention levels of the surgeons.

Materials and methods

It was a single‐arm interventional trial assessing 45 surgeons from different specialities. Each participant was expected to do 5 sets of tasks, one set each for the 5 music tracks played. Each task set further contained 5 different types of tasks, namely trail marking, jigsaw puzzle, backward counting, comprehension and memory game using cards. The 5 music tracks included ambient OR noise, music of personal preference, western classical, heavy metal and pop music. Scores were assigned for each task and compared.

Results

The total score for music of personal choice was much less (19.68) when compared to the other genre and that for pop was the highest (25.03). Memory card tests and backward counting (tests of short‐term memory) were comparatively better with music of personal choice. However, trail marking (test of speed) and jigsaw puzzle and comprehension tests (tests of complex neurological functions) were least performed when music of personal choice was played.

Conclusion

Music of choice may help in short‐term memory recall, but an over‐familiarity with the music played can serve as a distractor thus affecting the speed and accuracy.
Drop formation in microfluidic cross-junction: jetting to dripping to jetting transition
Authors: Kovalchuk Nina M. , Sagisaka Masanobu , Steponavicius Kasparas , Vigolo Daniele , Simmons Mark J. H.
Published: July 2019

The regimes of drop generation were studied in a Dolomite microfluidic device which combined both hydrodynamic and geometrical flow focusing over a broad range of flow rates. A series of aqueous dispersed phases were used with a viscosity ratio between continuous and dispersed phases of close to unity. Surfactants were added to alter the interfacial tension. It was shown that the transition from dripping to jetting is well described by the capillary numbers of both the dispersed and continuous phases. Only the jetting regime was observed if the capillary number of the dispersed phase was above a critical value, whereas at smaller values of this parameter a jetting → dripping → jetting transition was observed by increasing the capillary number of the continuous phase. The analysis performed has shown that the conditions for a dripping to jetting transition at moderate and large values of the capillary number of the continuous phase can be predicted theoretically by comparison of the characteristic time scales for drop pinch-off and jet growth, whereas the transition at small values cannot. It is suggested that this transition is geometry mediated and is a result of the interplay of jet confinement in the focusing part and a decrease of confinement following entry into the main channel. The flow fields inside the jet of the dispersed phase were qualitatively different for small and large values of the capillary number of the continuous phase revealing the relative contribution of the dispersed phase flow in jet formation. The volume of the drops formed in the jetting regime increased as a power law function of the flow rate ratio of the dispersed to continuous phase, independent of the interfacial tension.
Influence of surrounding land-use on mussel growth and glycogen levels in the St. Croix and Minnesota River Basins
Authors: Hornbach Daniel J. , Stutzman Hayley N. , Hove Mark C. , Kozarek Jessica L. , MacGregor Kelly R. , Newton Teresa J. , Ries Patricia R.
Published: July 2019

Freshwater mussels face threats from climate change and changing land use that are dramatically altering their habitat. The health of mussel populations and the state of current and past environmental conditions can be monitored by measuring mussel growth and glycogen levels. In this study, we measured growth and glycogen levels in mussels from two small river basins impacted by different land uses. The Snake River in the St. Croix Basin, Minnesota, had low levels of suspended sediments and was surrounded mostly by forest and some developed land. The Chippewa, Cottonwood, and Le Sueur rivers in the Minnesota River Basin had significantly higher annual suspended sediment loads and highly agricultural basins. Mussel growth was highest in the Le Sueur and Cottonwood rivers followed by the Chippewa and the Snake rivers. Mussels in the Minnesota Basin rivers all had higher mussel foot glycogen concentrations than the Snake River. These patterns were similar for two mussel species, suggesting that environmental conditions are likely determining levels of growth. Although agriculture had a negative effect on mussel population abundance and diversity, it had a positive effect on growth and glycogen levels.
Sharing De-identified Medical Images Electronically for Research: A Survey of Patients' Opinion regarding Data Management
Authors: Mahmoud Rasha , Moody Alan R. , Foster Moran , Girdharry Natasha , Sinn Loreta , Zhang Bowen , Afshin Mariam , Vivekanandan Thayalasuthan , Santoro Samantha , Tyrrell Pascal N.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Secondary usage of patient data has recently become of increasing interest for the development and application of computer analytic techniques. Strict oversight of these data is required and the individual patients themselves are integral to providing guidance. We sought to understand patients' attitudes to sharing their imaging data for research purposes. These images could provide a great wealth of information for researchers.

Methods

Patients from the Greater Toronto Area attending Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre for imaging (magnetic resonance imagining, computed tomography, or ultrasound) examination areas were invited to participate in an electronic survey.

Results

Of the 1083 patients who were approached (computed tomography 609, ultrasound 314, and magnetic resonance imaging 160), 798 (74%) agreed to take the survey. Overall median age was 60 (interquartile range = 18, Q1 = 52, Q3 = 70), 52% were women, 42% had a university degree, and 7% had no high school diploma. In terms of willingness to share de-identified medical images for research, 76% were willing (agreed and strongly agreed), while 7% refused. Most participants gave their family physicians (73%) and other physicians (57%) unconditional data access. Participants chose hospitals/research institutions to regulate electronic images databases (70%), 89% wanted safeguards against unauthorized access to their data, and over 70% wanted control over who will be permitted, for how long, and the ability to revoke that permission.

Conclusions

Our study found that people are willing to share their clinically acquired de-identified medical images for research studies provided that they have control over permissions and duration of access.
Outcomes after Percutaneous Angioplasty of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts in African American Patients
Authors: Kochanek Malgorzata A. , McGill Rita L. , Navuluri Rakesh , Shah Vipuj , Hammes Mary
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, necessary for hemodialysis, may develop stenoses due to neointimal hyperplasia, which often require percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Patient and lesion characteristics were evaluated prior to angioplasty and were correlated with 1- and 6-month outcomes.

Materials and Methods

This was an observational study of African American hemodialysis patients who presented for angioplasty of a dysfunctional fistula or graft. Clinical outcomes were ascertained from dialysis facilities 1 month and 6 months after angioplasty. One-month clinical success was defined as dialyzer blood flows of 450 mL/min without complications or interval shunt thrombosis, interventions, or loss of access, which was rarely achieved at 6 months. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of clinical variables with outcomes.

Results

There were 150 stenoses treated during 99 procedures performed on 82 patients. The clinical success rate at one month was 67% with no complications as a result of the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Success at 1 month was positively associated with use of aspirin ( P = .005) and with referral for high venous pressures ( P = .004). Six-month data were available for 81 procedures, with 45.7% requiring repeat angioplasty and 12.3% suffering major complications (thrombectomy, revision surgery, or access abandonment). Major complications were seen predominantly in patients who were not receiving aspirin.

Conclusions

Aspirin use and high venous pressure were associated with 1-month clinical success and fewer major complications at 6 months. Future work should investigate biologic mechanisms of action of aspirin and long-term effects of use to maintain vascular access.
Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists
Authors: Chambers David , Huang Christopher , Matthews Gareth
Published: July 2019

Every trainee in anaesthesia requires a thorough understanding of basic physiology and its application to clinical practice. Now in its second edition, this comprehensively illustrated textbook bridges the gap between medical school and reference scientific texts. It covers the physiology requirements of the Primary FRCA examination syllabus. Chapters are organised by organ system, with particular emphasis given to the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The practical question-and-answer format helps the reader prepare for oral examinations, while 'clinical relevance' boxes translate the physiological concepts to clinical practice. This new edition has been thoroughly updated and revised throughout, and includes six new chapters, including the physiology of the eye, upper airway and exercise testing. It provides junior anaesthetists with an essential 'one stop' physiology resource.
Building and strengthening relationships between academic departments/divisions of emergency medicine and rural and regional emergency departments
Authors: Johnston Aaron , Booth Kylie , Christenson Jim , Fu David , Lee Shirley , Mawji Yasmine , Myhre Doug , van der Linde Etienne , Lang Eddy
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Make recommendations on approaches to building and strengthening relationships between academic departments or divisions of Emergency Medicine and rural and regional emergency departments.

Methods

A panel of leaders from both rural and urban/academic practice environments met over 8 months. Draft recommendations were developed from panel expertise as well as survey data and presented at the 2018 Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium. Symposium feedback was incorporated into final recommendations.

Results

Seven recommendations emerged and are summarized below:

1)

CAEP should ensure engagement with other rural stakeholder organizations such as the College of Family Physicians of Canada and the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada.

2)

Engagement efforts require adequate financial and manpower resources.

3)

Training opportunities should be promoted.

4)

The current operational interface between the academic department of Emergency Medicine and the emergency departments in the catchment area must be examined and gaps addressed as part of building and strengthening relationships.

5)

Initial engagement efforts should be around projects with common value.

6)

Academic Departments should partner with and support rural scholars.

7)

Academic departments seeking to build or strengthen relationships should consider successful examples from elsewhere in the country as well as considering local culture and challenges.

Conclusion

These recommendations serve as guidance for building and strengthening mutually beneficial relationships between academic departments or divisions of Emergency Medicine and rural and regional emergency departments.
Impact of decolonization on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Bozzella Michael J. , Soghier Lamia , Harris Tracie , Zell Lisa , Short Billie Lou , Song Xiaoyan
Published: July 2019

Background:

The value of decolonization as a strategy for preventing methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) remains to be determined.

Objective:

After adding decolonization to further reduce MRSA transmission in our NICU, we conducted this retrospective review to evaluate its effectiveness.

Method:

The review included patients who were admitted to our NICU between April 2015 and June 2018 and were eligible for decolonization including twice daily intranasal mupirocin and daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing over 5 consecutive days. Patients were considered successfully decolonized if 3 subsequent MRSA screenings conducted at 1-week intervals were negative. The MRSA acquisition rate (AR) was calculated as hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA per 1,000 patient days (PD) and was used to measure the effectiveness of the decolonization.

Results:

Of the 151 MRSA patients being reviewed, 78 (51.6%) were HA-MRSA, resulting in an overall AR of 1.27 per 1,000 PD. Between April 2015 and February 2016, when only the decolonization was added, the AR was 2.38 per 1,000 PD. Between March 2016 and June 2018 after unit added a technician dedicated to the cleaning of reusable equipment, the AR decreased significantly to 0.92 per 1,000 PD (P < .05). Of the 78 patients who were started on the decolonization, 49 (62.8%) completed the protocol, 11 (14.1%) remained colonized, and 13 (16.7%) were recolonized prior to NICU discharge.

Conclusion:

In a NICU with comprehensive MRSA prevention measures in place, enhancing the cleaning of reusable equipment, not decolonization, led to significant reduction of MRSA transmission.
Fully dispersive models for moving loads on ice sheets
Authors: Dinvay E. , Kalisch H. , Părău E. I.
Published: July 2019

The response of a floating elastic plate to the motion of a moving load is studied using a fully dispersive weakly nonlinear system of equations. The system allows for an accurate description of waves across the whole spectrum of wavelengths and also incorporates nonlinearity, forcing and damping. The flexural–gravity waves described by the system are time-dependent responses to a forcing with a described weight distribution, moving at a time-dependent velocity. The model is versatile enough to allow the study of a wide range of situations including the motion of a combination of point loads and loads of arbitrary shape. Numerical solutions of the system are compared to data from a number of field campaigns on ice-covered lakes, and good agreement between the deflectometer records and the numerical simulations is observed in most cases. Consideration is also given to waves generated by a decelerating load, and it is shown that a decelerating load may trigger a wave response with a far greater amplitude than a load moving at constant celerity.
The Louisville Twin Study: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Davis Deborah W. , Turkheimer Eric , Finkel Deborah , Beam Christopher , Ryan Lesa
Published: July 2019

The Louisville Twin Study (LTS) is nationally recognized as one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of child development related to multiple birth status. The LTS is unique because of the extensive longitudinal face-to-face assessments, the frequency of data collection, the inclusion of data on additional family members (i.e., parents, siblings, grandparents; and later, twins’ own spouses and children), and the variety of data collection methods used. Data preservation efforts began in 2008 and are largely complete, although efforts are ongoing to obtain funding to convert the electronic data to a newer format. A pilot study was completed in the summer of 2018 to bring the twins, who are now middle-aged, back for testing. A grant is currently under review to extend the pilot study to include all former participants who are now ≥40 years of age. Opportunities for collaboration are welcome.
Preemergence herbicide delays the critical time of weed removal in popcorn
Authors: Barnes Ethann R. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Irmak Suat , Rodriguez Oscar , Jhala Amit J.
Published: July 2019

Understanding the critical time of weed removal (CTWR) is necessary for designing effective weed management programs in popcorn production that do not result in yield reduction. The objective of this study was to determine the CTWR in popcorn with and without a premix of atrazine and S-metolachlor applied PRE. Field experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with PRE herbicide as the main plot and weed removal timing as the subplot. Main plots included no herbicide or atrazine/S-metolachlor applied PRE. Subplot treatments included a weed-free control, a non-treated control, and weed removal timing at V3, V6, V9, V15, and R1 popcorn growth stages and then kept weed free throughout the season. A four-parameter log-logistic function was fitted to percentage popcorn yield loss and growing degree days separately to each main plot. The number of growing degree days, when 5% yield loss was achieved, was extracted from the model and compared between main plots. The CTWR was from the V4 to V5 popcorn growth stage in absence of PRE herbicide. With atrazine/S-metolachlor applied PRE, the CTWR was delayed until V10 to V15. It is concluded that, to avoid yield loss, weeds must be controlled before the V4 popcorn growth stage when no PRE herbicide is applied, and PRE herbicide, such as atrazine/S-metolachlor in this study, can delay the CTWR until the V10 growth stage.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum – also a microvascular	disease
Authors: Stumpf Max Jonathan , Mahn Thorsten , Steinmetz Martin , Fimmers Rolf , Pizarro Carmen , Nickenig Georg , Skowasch Dirk , Schahab Nadjib , Schaefer Christian Alexander
Published: July 2019

Summary: Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable recessive disease characterized by calcification and fragmentation of soft connective tissue. Besides progressive loss of vision, alternations of the skin, and early-onset atherosclerosis different reports have suggested a microvascular manifestation of PXE and restrictive lung disease. Aim of this study was to elaborate a specific pattern of capillary alterations in PXE as well as to contemplate a possible connection to restrictive lung disease. Patients and methods: 53 consecutive patients with PXE and 26 controls were studied. All patients underwent nailfold capillaroscopy, body plethysmography, capillary blood gas analysis, and venous puncture to assess titer of autoantibodies. Results: PXE was associated with highly pathological alterations of capillaries compared to control. Atypical capillaries, such as ramifications and bushy forms, as well as dilatations varied at highest significance (p < .001). This effect was mirrored by perivascular edema, density and tortuous capillaries. Titer of anti-nuclear autoantibodies were not elevated in patients with PXE. Further analysis revealed negative correlation between vital capacity and presence of atypical capillaries. Conclusions: This study firstly describes the pattern of nailfold capillaries in PXE. Capillaries are highly pathological and consist of ramifications and bushy forms as well as dilatations. Frequently, tortuous capillaries, pericapillary edema and reduced denseness of capillary loops occur. Frequency of atypical capillaries is negatively correlated with vital capacity which can be interpreted as further lead on restrictive lung disease.
Stress- und Beschwerdeerleben bei Erzieherinnen und Erziehern in Ausbildung
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht vergleichend das Stress- und Beschwerdeerleben von 264 angehenden Erzieherinnen und Erziehern in Ausbildung, 103 bereits berufstätigen Erzieherinnen und Erziehern und 64 Studierenden im Studiengang „Frühe Bildung“. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass Auszubildende signifikant höheres Stress- und Beschwerdeerleben berichten als berufstätige Erzieherinnen und Erzieher und Studierende im Studiengang „Frühe Bildung“. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass im Rahmen der Ausbildung zur Erzieherin oder Erzieher neben fachlichen Ausbildungsinhalten auch psychosoziale Unterstützungs- und Präventionsmaßnahmen Berücksichtigung finden sollten.
Magnetic Field Oscillations Observed by Swarm Satellites in the Nightside Upper Ionosphere During Low‐Latitude Pi2 Pulsations
Authors: Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Park Jae‐Hee , Lee Dong‐Hun , Lysak Robert , Kwon Hyuck‐Jin , Hwang Junga
Published: July 2019

Pi2 oscillations (40–150 s) in the nightside upper ionosphere are studied using magnetic field data acquired by multiple Swarm spacecraft in low‐Earth orbit and at the low‐latitude Bohyun (BOH, L = 1.3) station on 22 October 2014. Four Pi2 events were identified from the BOH data near midnight (magnetic local time = 1.5 hr), while Swarm‐A, Swarm‐B, and Swarm‐C spacecraft were orbiting in the premidnight (magnetic local time = 21–22 hr) meridian from 70° to −60° in magnetic latitude at ∼450‐ to 500‐km altitudes. Unlike previous low‐Earth orbit studies, which used a single point observation, the latitudinal structure of the amplitude and phase of ionospheric magnetic field perturbations can be determined by simultaneous multipoint observations along the latitude at a constant radial distance. We observed that the horizontal H component of BOH data is well correlated with the compressional (Bz) component of ionospheric magnetic fields when Swarm spacecraft were at |magnetic latitude|  < 30° with or without an accompanying ionospheric field perturbation in the radial (Bx) component, depending on the latitude of the spacecraft. It is found that the phase and amplitude relationship between Bx and Bz along the latitude is consistent with the model ionospheric field perturbations at 500‐km altitude, which are associated with a plasmaspheric resonance excited in a dipole numerical simulation. This indicates that the latitudinal variation of the ionospheric Pi2 pulsations in both Bx and Bz components is the consequence of the spatial mode structure in the north‐south direction of trapped fast mode waves inside the plasmasphere.
22‐kyr‐Long Record of Surface Faulting Along the Source of the 30 October 2016 Earthquake (Central Apennines, Italy), From Integrated Paleoseismic Data Sets
Authors: Cinti F. R. , De Martini P. M. , Pantosti D. , Baize S. , Smedile A. , Villani F. , Civico R. , Pucci S. , Lombardi A. M. , Sapia V. , Pizzimenti L. , Caciagli M. , Brunori C. A.
Published: July 2019

We integrate paleoseismic data sets along the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault system rupturing at the surface in the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake. Through the analysis of new trenches from this work and a review of the preexisting data, we correlate events among trench sites along antithetic and synthetic fault splays. We recognize seven M 6.5, 2016 Norcia‐type (or larger) surface‐faulting events in the last ~22 kyr, including 2016. Before 2016, one event occurred in the past two millennia (260–575 CE) and possibly corresponds to the event damaging Rome in 443 or 484/508 CE. Three previous events occurred between 10590 and 415 BCE, whereas the two oldest ones date between 19820 and 16540 BCE. The average recurrence time is 3,360–3,640 years for the last ~22 kyr and 1,220–1,970 years for the last ~4 kyr. We infer a minimum dip‐slip rate of 0.26–0.38 mm/year on the master fault in the central portion of the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove normal fault system and a dip‐slip rate of at least 0.10 mm/year on the southernmost portion. We infer a Middle–Late Pleistocene inception of the long‐term scarp of the investigated splays. The along‐strike variation of slip rates well reproduces the trend of the 2016 surface slip; thus, the time window exposed in the trenches is representative for the present fault activity. Based on trenching data, different earthquake rupture scenarios should be also considered for local hazard assessment.
GLI1 activation by non-classical pathway integrin αvβ3/ERK1/2 maintains stem cell-like phenotype of multicellular aggregates in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Dong Hui , Liu Hongchang , Zhou Wen , Zhang Fan , Li Chuan , Chen Jun , Tan Chenjun , Tang Bo , Yu Peiwu
Published: July 2019

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most important causes of postoperative death in patients with gastric cancer, and the exact mechanism remains unclear. The proliferation of multicellular aggregates of exfoliated malignant gastric cells in the abdominal cavity is the focus of current research. However, the mechanism how gastric cancer multicellular aggregates survive remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that multicellular aggregates of exfoliated gastric cancer cells in the abdominal cavity expressed a stem cell-Like phenotype. We found that Integrin αvβ3not only mediated adhesion of gastric cancer multicellular aggregates to form independent functional units, but also maintained their stem cell-like phenotype by the non-classical pathway Integrin αvβ3/ERK1/2/GLI1. In addition, ERK1/2 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of GLI1. GLI1 is a key effector of the Integrin αvβ3pathway in regulating stem cell-like phenotype in multicellular aggregates. Our data indicates that although there is a crosstalk between the non-classical Integrin αvβ3pathway and the classical Hedgehog pathway, the activation of GLI1 is almost independent of the Hedgehog pathway in multicellular aggregates of gastric cancer cells. Our study provides a basis for blocking GLI1 activity in the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.
An ultra-compact leaky-integrate-and-fire model for building spiking neural networks
Authors: Rozenberg M. J. , Schneegans O. , Stoliar P.
Published: July 2019

We introduce an ultra-compact electronic circuit that realizes the leaky-integrate-and-fire model of artificial neurons. Our circuit has only three active devices, two transistors and a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). We demonstrate the implementation of biologically realistic features, such as spike-frequency adaptation, a refractory period and voltage modulation of spiking rate. All characteristic times can be controlled by the resistive parameters of the circuit. We built the circuit with out-of-the-shelf components and demonstrate that our ultra-compact neuron is a modular block that can be associated to build multi-layer deep neural networks. We also argue that our circuit has low power requirements, as it is normally off except during spike generation. Finally, we discuss the ultimate ultra-compact limit, which may be achieved by further replacing the SCR circuit with Mott materials.
PACES: prediction of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification sites in mRNA
Authors: Zhao Wanqing , Zhou Yiran , Cui Qinghua , Zhou Yuan
Published: July 2019

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a highly conserved RNA modification and is the first acetylation event described in mRNA. ac4C in mRNA has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of mRNA stability, processing and translation, but the exact means by which ac4C works remain unclear. In addition, ac4C is widely distributed within the human transcriptome at physiologically relevant levels and so far only a small fraction of modified sequences have been detected by experiments. In this study, we developed a predictor of ac4C sites in human mRNA named PACES to help mining possible modified motifs. PACES combines two random forest classifiers, position-specific dinucleotide sequence profile and K-nucleotide frequencies. With genomic sequences as input, PACES gives possible modified sequences based on the training model. PACES is freely available at http://www.rnanut.net/paces/.
Controlled Release of Antimicrobial Small Molecules
Authors: Zilberman Meital , Koren Elad , Guez Helen , Matsliah Lior
Published: July 2019

Controlled release of antimicrobial small molecules is designed to be used for prevention and/or treatment infections associated with a large variety of wound occurrences, ranging from traumatic skin tears and burns to chronic ulcers and complications following surgery and device implantations. The main goal in treating infections is to decrease the bacterial load in the wound site to a level that enables wound healing processes to take place. Local delivery of antibiotics by either topical administration or a delivery device should enable the maintenance of a high local antibiotic concentration for an extended duration of release without exceeding systemic toxicity. The antimicrobial delivery system should be made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials, able to carry a sufficient drug concentration, and release the drug at the appropriate rate for an optimal treatment of the infected tissue. In recent years, various platforms have been developed in order to carry different types of antimicrobial small molecules and treat numerous organs and infections. This chapter describes the main types of these systems. These are based on nanoparticles, fibers, dendrimers, liposomes, nanotubes, and films. Emphasis is placed on processing techniques, nanostructure/microstructure, drug release profiles, biocompatibility and other relevant aspects necessary for advancing the therapeutic field of antimicrobial delivery devices. The final part of this chapter is dedicated to novel concepts in antibiotic-loaded bioresorbable films that we have developed. It focuses on structuring effects of dense and porous films, as well as novel soy protein based systems.
Polymer–Drug Conjugates for Treating Local and Systemic Fungal Infections
Authors: Francis Arul Prakash , Jayakrishnan A.
Published: July 2019

In immunocompromised patients, fungal infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, three major classes of drugs—polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins—with different mechanisms of action are used as antifungals for systemic infections. However, these conventional drugs were reported to induce toxic effects due to their low specificity, narrow spectrum of activity and drug–drug interactions. Some of these limitations could be overcome by altering the properties of existing drugs through physical and chemical modifications. For example, modification of amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic includes the micellar suspension of AmB in deoxycholic acid (Fungizone®), non-covalent AmB lipid complexes (ABLC™), liposomal AmB (AmBisome®), and AmB colloidal dispersion (Amphocil™). All these formulations ensure the smoother release of AmB accompanied by its restricted distribution in the kidney, thereby lowering its nephrotoxicity. Although various methods such as polymeric micelles, nanoparticles and dendrimers were explored for enhancing the efficacy of the antifungal drugs, polymer–drug conjugates of antifungal drugs have received more attention in recent years. Polymer–drug conjugates improve the aqueous solubility of water-insoluble drugs, are stable in storage and reduce the toxicity of highly toxic drugs and are capable of releasing the drug at the site of action. This chapter discusses the polymer conjugates of antifungal drugs, their merits, and demerits. Studies reported so far show that the polymer–drug conjugates have significant advantages compared to conventional dosage forms for antifungal therapy.
Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy study on the radiosensitization effects of Gd nanoparticles at megavoltage radiation energies
Authors: Martínez-Rovira Immaculada , Seksek Olivier , Puxeu Josep , Gómez Joan , Kreuzer Martin , Dučić Tanja , Ferreres Maria Josep , Artigues Manel , Yousef Ibraheem
Published: July 2019

Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy is a powerful technique for disentangling biochemical effects in nanoparticle-based radiotherapy approaches.
2D elongated polyhedral-like YVO4 films: a novel photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Lan Yayao , Liu Zhifeng , Guo Zhengang , Ruan Mengnan , Li Xifei , Zhao Yufeng
Published: July 2019

YVO4 films, prepared on FTO substrates using a long-term hydrothermal method, with two-dimensional (2D) elongated polyhedral microcrystals and serving as a novel photoanode in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) field, are reported for the first time.
Advances in hydrophilic nanomaterials for glycoproteomics
Authors: Sun Nianrong , Wu Hao , Chen Hemei , Shen Xizhong , Deng Chunhui
Published: July 2019

In this article, the syntheses and applications of hydrophilic nanomaterials in glycoproteomics are reviewed.
Anisotropy of dodecahedral water cages for guest gas occupancy in semiclathrate hydrates
Authors: Yuhara Daisuke , Yasuoka Kenji , Takeya Satoshi , Muromachi Sanehiro
Published: July 2019

Anisotropic dodecahedral cages in semiclathrate hydrates.
Self-assembled peptido-nanomicelles as an engineered formulation for synergy-enhanced combinational SDT, PDT and chemotherapy to nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Zhe , Wang Doudou , Li Jiaping , Jiang Yan
Published: July 2019

Peptido-nanomicelles as an engineered formulation for SDT, PDT and chemotherapy to noninvasive treatment to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Air-stable and reusable cobalt ion-doped titanium oxide catalyst for alkene hydrosilylation
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Fujita Shu , Sheng Min , Yamasaki Jun , Kobayashi Keita , Yoshida Tomoko , Maeno Zen , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: July 2019

Air-stable and highly reusable cobalt ion-doped titanium oxide catalyst was developed for alkene hydrosilylation.
A ternary MnO2-deposited RGO/lignin-based porous carbon composite electrode for flexible supercapacitor applications
Authors: Cui Linlin , Cheng Chen , Peng Feng , Yang Yupeng , Li Yue , Jia Mengying , Jin Xiaojuan
Published: July 2019

MnO2nanoparticles were successfully synthesized on a reduced graphene oxide/lignin-based porous carbon (RGO/PC) composite film by a simple electrodeposition method, and a ternary RGO/PC/MnO2composite electrode for flexible supercapacitors was prepared.
A fully fused non-fullerene acceptor containing angular-shaped S,N-heteroacene and perylene diimide for additive-free organic solar cells
Authors: Li Zhaoning , Wang Jungan , Huang Hongyan , Liu You , Yun Yikai , Cheng Zhengchun , Liu Shuli , Ding Zhucheng , Zhao Baomin , Huang Wei
Published: July 2019

A fully fused small molecule acceptor containing angular-shaped S,N-heteroacene and perylene diimide was synthesized and employed as a non-fullerene acceptor for additive-free organic solar cells.
Quercetin modulates signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Kedhari Sundaram Madhumitha , Raina Ritu , Afroze Nazia , Bajbouj Khuloud , Hamad Mawieh , Haque Shafiul , Hussain Arif
Published: July 2019

Cancer cells have the unique ability to overcome natural defense mechanisms, undergo unchecked proliferation and evade apoptosis. While chemotherapeutic drugs address this, they are plagued by a long list of side effects and have a poor success rate. This has spurred researchers to identify safer bioactive compounds that possess chemopreventive and therapeutic properties. A wide range of experimental as well as epidemiological data encourage the use of dietary agents to impede or delay different stages of cancer. In the present study, we have examined the anti-ancer property of ubiquitous phytochemical quercetin by using cell viability assay, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, colony formation, scratch wound assay, DNA fragmentation and comet assay. Further, qPCR analysis of various genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, metastasis and different signal transduction pathways was performed. Proteome profiler was used to quantitate the expression of several of these proteins. We find that quercetin decreases cell viability, reduces colony formation, promotes G2-M cell cycle arrest, induces DNA damage and encourages apoptosis. Quercetin induces apoptosis via activating both apoptotic pathways with a stronger effect of the extrinsic pathway relying on the combined power of TRAIL, FASL and TNF with up-regulation of caspases and pro-apoptotic genes. Quercetin could inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins by docking studies. Further, quercetin blocks PI3K, MAPK and WNT pathways. Anticancer effect of quercetin observed in cell-based assays were corroborated by molecular biology studies and yielded valuable mechanistic information. Quercetin appears to be a promising candidate with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential and warrants further research.
O-Annulation Leading to Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Diaryl Ethers Involving C–H Cleavage
Authors: Rossignon Alexandre , Bonifazi Davide
Published: July 2019

Cyclic diaryl ethers are present in multiple natural compounds, organic pollutants as well as in π-conjugated organic molecular materials. This short review aims at overviewing the main synthetic advances in the O-annulation methods for preparing five-, six-, and seven-membered rings through C–H cleavage.

1 Introduction

2 Five-Membered Rings: The Dibenzofuran (DBF) Motif

2.1 Palladium-Catalysed C–H Activation

2.2 Copper-Catalysed C–H Activation

2.3 Non-CH Activation Oxidant-Mediated Cyclisation

2.4 Light-Mediated Cyclisation

2.5 Acid-catalysed C–O Cleavage/C–O Formation

3 Six-Membered Rings: DBX, PXX, Xanthone, and Their Derivatives

3.1 Dibenzoxanthene (DBX)

3.2 Peri-Xanthenoxanthene (PXX)

3.3 Xanthones

3.4 Miscellaneous

4 Seven-Membered Rings: Cularine

5 Conclusion