bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, recognition and treatment of dysthymics in primary care
Authors: Lecrubier Y , Weiller E
Published: July 2002

As part of the WHO-PPGHC study aimed to better understand the form, frequency and burden of psychiatric conditions in primary care throughout the world, the clinical characteristics of dysthymic patients consulting in primary care were examined. A total of 25,916 general health care attenders at 15 sites in 14 countries were screened using the 12-item General Health Questionaire (GHQ-12). Of those screened, 5,438 were assessed in detail using a Primary Health Care version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-PHC) in conjunction with among others the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ) and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). General practitioners (GPs) gave their opinion on the existence of a psychological problem and indicated what therapeutic intervention was proposed to patients they recognised as psychological cases. The estimated current prevalence of dysthymia as defined by the ICD-10 was 2.1%. The social disability was found to be substantial in patients with dysthymia (52.2% of patients moderately or severely disabled) similar to that observed in patients with Depressive Episode (DE) (57.4%). When both conditions were present, the level of disability was even higher (63.6%). The symptoms presented by dysthymic patients without DE were mostly those specific for the diagnosis of dysthymia (ie, tearful, hopeless, inability to cope, pessimism) while these symptoms were less frequent when dysthymia was complicated by a DE. On the contrary, fatigue and loss of interest were more rarely observed in “pure” dysthymics. In spite of a lower symptomatic severity about half of the patients with dysthymia were recognised as cases by their GPs, a proportion similar to those with DE. However, dysthymics without DE were not, in contrast to patients with DE or with dysthymia and DE, more treated with drugs than non-depressed patients.
Rotational embedment mechanism of traditional wooden strut and its formulation
Authors: Tanahashi Hideaki , Ooka Yu , Suzuki Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2021

In this study, the rotational embedment mechanism of traditional wooden struts is analyzed on the basis of loading tests on struts. The formulation of the restoring force characteristics of traditional wooden struts is established by the Elasto‐plastic Pasternak Model proposed by the authors. It is then discussed and verified using the rotational embedment test results of the struts.
Sexism and its associated factors among adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence baseline results
Authors: Ayala Alba , Vives‐Cases Carmen , Davó‐Blanes Carmen , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Forjaz Maria João , Bowes Nicola , DeClaire Karen , Jaskulska Sylwia , Pyżalski Jacek , Neves Sofia , Queirós Sofia , Gotca Ioan , Mocanu Veronica , Corradi Consuelo , Sanz‐Barbero Belén
Published: February 2021

Despite the efforts of recent decades to reduce gender inequality, sexism is still prevalent among adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the main socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences, resources, and competencies associated with sexism in a sample of adolescents from different European countries. Baseline data from the Lights4Violence project included 1555 students ages 12–17 from secondary schools in six European countries (Spain, Italy, Romania, United Kingdom, Portugal, and Poland). Linear regression models were carried out, stratified by sex for benevolent (BS) and hostile (HS) dimensions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The average age of the sample was 14.3 years (SD = 1.5), 59.3% were girls. Boys scored higher on the measure of sexism (mean BS = 29.7; HS = 29.1) than girls (BS = 27.5, HS = 23.0; p < .001). Girls whose mothers had a university degree reported lower BS (β = −0.113; p = .023) (reference: lower education). Girls who had experienced dating violence reported higher HS (β = .080; p = .010) than those who had never been in an intimate relationship. For both sexes, high aggressiveness was associated with high levels of HS, and high aggressiveness was related to high levels of BS in boys. High assertiveness was associated with high levels of BS in both sexes and with high levels of HS in boys. A high level of problem‐solving ability was associated with lower HS in both sexes. The study reinforces the need to invest in school programs aimed at preventing dating violence and promoting positive youth development.
Revised and short versions of the pseudoscientific belief scale
Authors: Fasce Angelo , Avendaño Diego , Adrián‐Ventura Jesús
Published: February 2021

In this article, we develop the revised and short versions of the pseudoscientific belief scale through two empirical studies (N = 4154). This revision is motivated by the excessive length of the scale, as well as by consistent observations of poor item loadings across several studies. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 revealed 11 dispensable items, resulting in a 19‐item revised form, whereas in Study 2 we constructed a short eight‐item form. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed unidimensional factor structures for both scales, exhibiting excellent psychometric properties in relation to factor structure, item loadings, internal consistency and convergent validity with paranormal beliefs, conspiracy theories and need for uniqueness. Whereas the original scale provides reliable indices, we encourage the use of these improved versions to measure pseudoscientific beliefs in the context of socio‐psychological studies.
With low census and Medicaid payment, Phoenix House navigates financial crisis
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2021

Lagging Medicaid reimbursement rates and the immediacy of the COVID‐19 crisis have combined to place one of New England's most respected addiction treatment organizations in severe financial peril, with a wide range of conceivable outcomes. A court‐established business recovery program may allow Phoenix House New England to regain its footing and maintain its core operations in four New England states.
Light‐Controlled Growth Factors Release on Tetrapodal ZnO‐Incorporated 3D‐Printed Hydrogels for Developing Smart Wound Scaffold
Authors: Siebert Leonard , Luna‐Cerón Eder , García‐Rivera Luis Enrique , Oh Junsung , Jang JunHwee , Rosas‐Gómez Diego A. , Pérez‐Gómez Mitzi D. , Maschkowitz Gregor , Fickenscher Helmut , Oceguera‐Cuevas Daniela , Holguín‐León Carmen G. , Byambaa Batzaya , Hussain Mohammad A. , Enciso‐Martínez Eduardo , Cho Minsung , Lee Yuhan , Sobahi Nebras , Hasan Anwarul , Orgill Dennis P. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Adelung Rainer , Lee Eunjung , Shin Su Ryon
Published: February 2021

Advanced wound scaffolds that integrate active substances to treat chronic wounds have gained significant recent attention. While wound scaffolds and advanced functionalities have previously been incorporated into one medical device, the wirelessly triggered release of active substances has remained the focus of many research endeavors. To combine multiple functions including light‐triggered activation, antiseptic, angiogenic, and moisturizing properties, a 3D printed hydrogel patch encapsulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decorated with photoactive and antibacterial tetrapodal zinc oxide (t‐ZnO) microparticles is developed. To achieve the smart release of VEGF, t‐ZnO is modified by chemical treatment and activated through ultraviolet/visible light exposure. This process would also make the surface rough and improve protein adhesion. The elastic modulus and degradation behavior of the composite hydrogels, which must match the wound healing process, are adjusted by changing t‐ZnO concentrations. The t‐ZnO‐laden composite hydrogels can be printed with any desired micropattern to potentially create a modular elution of various growth factors. The VEGF‐decorated t‐ZnO‐laden hydrogel patches show low cytotoxicity and improved angiogenic properties while maintaining antibacterial functions in vitro. In vivo tests show promising results for the printed wound patches, with less immunogenicity and enhanced wound healing.
Anion Intercalation of VS4 Triggers Atomic Sulfur Transfer to Organic Disulfide in Rechargeable Lithium Battery
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Li Xiang , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: February 2021

Transition metal polysulfides MSx (x > 2) have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical capacities as electrode materials for lithium batteries. Among them, VS4 has a linear chain structure in which van der Walls forces exist between chains. Previous reports found lithium ions can be intercalated into VS4 in the discharge, and elemental V and Li2S are formed when discharged to low voltage (e.g., <1.0 V vs Li/Li+). In this study is found that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) anions can be intercalated into VS4 when charged to 3.0 V or above after discharged to 1.8 V in rechargeable lithium battery, triggering sulfur evolution. To improve its cycling reversibility diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) is used as a sulfur receptor in the composite electrode consisting of nanoscaled VS4 particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the charge, sulfur atoms are transferred from VS4 to DPDS forming diphenyl trisulfide (DPTS). This strategy enables improved capacity retention and material utilization. The electrode shows a reversible capacity of 130.7 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at the current density of 240 mA g−1.
Liquid Marble Patchwork on Super‐Repellent Surface
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Samitsu Sadaki , Watanabe Yuko , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Naito Masanobu
Published: February 2021

Liquid marble (LM) is a droplet that is wrapped by hydrophobic solid particles, which behave as a non‐wetting soft solid. Based on these properties, LM can be applied in fluidics and soft device applications. A wide variety of functional particles have been synthesized to form functional LMs. However, the formation of multifunctional LMs by integrating several types of functional particles is challenging. Here, a general strategy for the flexible patterning of functional particles on droplet surfaces in a patchwork‐like design is reported. It is shown that LMs can switch their macroscopic behavior between a stable and active state on super‐repellent surfaces in situ by jamming/unjamming the surface particles. Active LMs hydrostatically coalesce to form a self‐sorted particle pattern on the droplet surface. With the support of LM handling robotics, on‐demand cyclic activation–manipulation–coalescence–stabilization protocols by LMs with different sizes and particle types result in the reliable design of multi‐faced LMs. Based on this concept, a single bi‐functional LM is designed from two mono‐functional LMs as an advanced droplet carrier.
Nonlinear THz‐Nano Metasurfaces
Authors: Dong Tian , Li Shaoxian , Manjappa Manukumara , Yang Peidi , Zhou Jiangping , Kong Deyin , Quan Baogang , Chen Xieyu , Ouyang Chen , Dai Fei , Han Jiaguang , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Xueqian , Li Junjie , Li Yang , Miao Jungang , Li Yutong , Wang Li , Singh Ranjan , Zhang Weili , Wu Xiaojun
Published: February 2021

Extreme terahertz (THz) science and technologies, the next disruptive frontier in nonlinear optics, provide multifaceted capabilities for exploring strong light‐matter interactions in a variety of physical systems. However, current techniques involve the need for an extremely high‐field free space THz source that is difficult to generate and has limited investigations to a rather weak and linear regime of light‐matter interactions. Therefore, new approaches are being sought for the tight confinement of THz waves that can induce nonlinear effects. Here, a nonlinear “tera‐nano” metasurface is demonstrated exhibiting extremely large THz nonlinearity and sensitive self‐modulation of resonances at moderate incident THz field strengths. A record deep‐subwavelength (≈λ/33 000) confinement of strongly enhanced (≈3200) THz field in a nano‐gap (15 nm) exhibits remarkable THz field‐tailored nonlinearity. Further, ultrafast injection of photocarriers reveals a competition between nonlinear THz field‐induced intervalley scattering and optically driven interband excitations. The results on “tera‐nano” metasurfaces enable a novel platform to realize enhanced nonlinear nano/micro composites for field‐sensitive extreme THz nonlinear applications without the need for intense THz light sources.
Organic Upconversion Imager with Dual Electronic and Optical Readouts for Shortwave Infrared Light Detection
Authors: Li Ning , Eedugurala Naresh , Leem Dong‐Seok , Azoulay Jason D. , Ng Tse Nga
Published: February 2021

There remains a critical need for large‐area imaging technologies that operate in the shortwave infrared spectral region. Upconversion imagers that combine photo‐sensing and display in a compact structure are attractive since they avoid the costly and complex process of pixilation. However, upconversion device research is primarily focused on the optical output, while electronic signals from the imager remain underutilized. Here, an organic upconversion imager that is efficient in both optical and electronic readouts, extending the capability of human and machine vision to 1400 nm, is designed and demonstrated. The imager structure incorporates interfacial layers to suppress non‐radiative recombination and provide enhanced optical upconversion efficiency and electronic detectivity. The photoresponse is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art organic infrared photodiodes exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of ≤35% at a low bias of ≤3 V and 3 dB bandwidth of 10 kHz. The large active area of 2 cm2 enables demonstrations such as object inspection, imaging through smog, and concurrent recording of blood vessel location and blood flow pulses. These examples showcase the potential of the authors’ dual‐readout imager to directly upconvert infrared light for human visual perception and simultaneously yield electronic signals for automated monitoring applications.
Broadband Forward Light Scattering by Architectural Design of Core–Shell Silicon Particles
Authors: De Marco Maria Letizia , Jiang Taizhi , Fang Jie , Lacomme Sabrina , Zheng Yuebing , Baron Alexandre , Korgel Brian A. , Barois Philippe , Drisko Glenna L. , Aymonier Cyril
Published: February 2021

A goal in the field of nanoscale optics is the fabrication of nanostructures with strong directional light scattering at visible frequencies. Here, the synthesis of Mie‐resonant core–shell particles with overlapping electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. The core consists of silicon surrounded by a lower index silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) shell of an adjustable thickness. Optical spectroscopies coupled to Mie theory calculations give the first experimental evidence that the relative position and intensity of the magnetic and electric dipole resonances are tuned by changing the core–shell architecture. Specifically, coating a high‐index particle with a low‐index shell coalesces the dipoles, while maintaining a high scattering efficiency, thus generating broadband forward scattering. This synthetic strategy opens a route toward metamaterial fabrication with unprecedented control over visible light manipulation.
Recent progress on pure organic room temperature phosphorescent polymers
Authors: Gao Hao , Ma Xiang
Published: February 2021

So far, pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are developing rapidly and have become a research hotspot in the scientific community. They are regarded as valuable resources with great potential for development in many fields, such as biomedicine, information multi‐level encryption, smart anti‐counterfeiting, and so on. Among them, a series of pure organic RTP polymer systems emerged at the right moment based on the excellent properties of polymers such as easy processing, low cost, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the huge molecular weight, long‐chain intertwined structure, and potential interactions with phosphors of polymers make them a focus for RTP emission. Herein, we describe the development history of this system in detail, explore the necessary factors for highly efficient emission from the phosphorescence emission process, and based on the dual effects of enhancing phosphorescence emission and shortening luminescence lifetime brought by heavy atoms, we summarize the internal mechanism and achievements of various researches from the perspective of heavy atom–containing and non‐heavy atom systems.
Automated robotic platforms in design and development of formulations
Authors: Cao Liwei , Russo Danilo , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: February 2021

Product design for formulations is an active and challenging area of research. The new challenges of a fast‐paced market, products of increasing complexity, and practical translation of sustainability paradigms require to re‐examine the existing theoretical frameworks to include the advantages deriving from the new reality of digitalization of business and research. In this work, we review the existing approaches, clearly stating the role of automation and machine‐learning‐guided optimization in the broader framework. Moving from this, we review the state of the art of automated hardware and software for formulated product design, and identify the open challenges for future research. Perspectives are given on the emerging fields of automated discovery, scale‐up, and multistage optimization, and a unitary picture of the existing connections is provided, in the general context of a completely digital R&D workflow.
Nectar addition changes pollinator behavior but not plant reproduction in pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus
Authors: Heiling Jacob M. , Bronstein Judith L. , Irwin Rebecca E.
Published: February 2021

PREMISE

In addition to its role as the male gamete, pollen is often used as a food reward for pollinators. Roughly 20,000 species of angiosperms are strictly pollen‐rewarding, providing no other rewards to their pollinators. However, the influence of this strategy on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction is poorly understood, especially relative to the nectar‐reward strategy. We performed a field experiment using the strictly pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus to explore how the absence of nectar influences pollinator behavior and plant reproduction.

METHODS

We added artificial nectar to Lupinus argenteus individuals to simulate a phenotype that would reward pollinators with both nectar and pollen. We compared bee pollinator behavior, via direct observation, and female reproduction between nectar‐added and nectarless control plants.

RESULTS

Bees exhibited behavioral responses to the novel reward, collecting nectar as well as pollen and spending 27% longer per flower. Pollen transfer increased with flower visit duration. However, plants in the study population were not pollen‐limited; consequently, the observed changes in pollinator behavior did not result in changes in female components of plant reproduction.

CONCLUSIONS

The addition of nectar to pollen‐rewarding plants resulted in modest increases in per‐flower pollinator visit duration and pollen transfer, but had no effect on reproduction because, at the place and time the experiment was conducted, plants were not pollen‐limited. These results suggest that a pollen‐only reward strategy may allow plants that are visited by pollen foragers to minimize some costs of reproduction by eliminating investment in other rewards, such as nectar, without compromising female plant fitness.
Amphiphilic chitosan/acrylic acid/thiourea based semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel: Solvothermal synthesis and evaluation for controlled release of organophosphate pesticide, triazophos
Authors: Bhullar Navneet , Rani Sunita , Kumari Kamlesh , Sud Dhiraj
Published: February 2021

The current study reports the solvothermal synthesis of amphiphilic chitosan‐based semi‐interpenetrating (CAT‐SIPH) hydrogel for controlled release of an organophosphate pesticide, triazophos. CAT‐SIPH is prepared from natural backbone polymer chitosan (CS) and monomer, acrylic acid (AA) employing initiator (K2S2O8), and cross‐linker, thiourea (CSN2H4) using solvothermal technique under 7 Psi pressure in an autoclave. The polymerization reaction variables like reaction time, the volume of solvent, concentration of initiator, cross‐linker, and monomer are optimized to get the best product yield in terms of percentage grafting. The optimized conditions for solvothermal polymerization reaction carried out for 60 min are solvent volume (10 ml), concentrations of acrylic acid (0.2 mol/L), K2S2O8 (0.45 × 10−2mol/L) and thiourea (1.75 × 10−4 mol/L). The swelling behavior of CAT‐SIPH hydrogel synthesized under optimized conditions is studied in the terms of swelling ratio. CAT‐SIPH is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), IHNMR, thermal analysis (TA), Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potential of cross‐linked hydrogel CAT‐SIPH for controlled release of an organophosphate pesticide, Triazophos on to sandy loam soil is assessed. The experimental investigations proved that synthesized hydrogel can be effectively employed as a pesticide carrier for controlled release on to loamy soil as the maximum release (53%) is observed even after 25 days at pH 6 and value get lowered under acidic and basic conditions. The present investigation demonstrated the potential of chitosan‐based CAT‐SIPH hydrogel as a pH‐responsive release vehicle for agrochemicals onto the soil matrix and offers a potential solution for the prevention of surface and groundwater contamination.
Dispersion and vulcanization characteristics of nitrile rubber reinforced with N,N‐dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride treated silica
Authors: Mohammed Saleem R. , Natchimuthu N.
Published: February 2021

N,N‐Dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) treated silica is used as a reinforcing filler in nitrile rubber (NBR). Effect of the treatment on aggregate morphology and dispersion of silica in the matrix is investigated using XPS, SEM, and AFM. Binding energy levels of O1s and Si2p electrons in DMAc/LiCl treated silica have shifted significantly from 532.49 to 530.98 eV and 103.19 to 101.33 eV respectively. SEM observations have revealed a reduction in the agglomerate size of silica‐a desirable feature for realizing better processing properties of silica filled rubber compounds. Data from AFM observations have also shown better dispersion of DMAc/LiCl treated silica. Mooney viscosity of masterbatches, measured at 100°C over a period of 7 days, has not exhibited any storage hardening which is an indication of easier processability. At 125°C, Mooney data exhibited a reduction in scorch time as a function of DMAc/LiCl concentration. However, MDR data at 160°C have not shown much changes in the scorch time while NBR with high nitrile content exhibited longer cure times. Higher crosslink density of vulcanizates indicate that DMAc/LiCl treatment of silica could effectively reduce filler‐filler interactions and networking in silica filled rubber compounds thereby enabling mixing and processing operations energy efficient.
Enhancing the mechanical and barrier properties of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films using trisodium citrate and sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinkers
Authors: Han Lyn Foong , Tan Chin Ping , Zawawi Ruzniza Mohd , Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the effect of ionic crosslinking on the mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of chitosan (CS) and CS/graphene oxide (CSGO) composite films using trisodium citrate (CIT) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solutions of different concentrations (0.5, 1.0. 2.0, and 3.0% w/v). Successful crosslinking was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity and light transmittance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in concentration of both crosslinking agents. The CS films crosslinked with 3.0% w/v TPP exhibited significant (p < 0.05) improvements in barrier properties, achieving a 51% decrease of water vapor permeability and 59% decrease in oxygen permeability, in comparison to neat CS film. In addition, TPP‐crosslinked CSGO films experienced an 82% and 42% improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Overall, crosslinked CS and CSGO films possess significantly improved properties and have great potential to be further studied as food packaging materials.
Esthetic performance of thermochromic pigments in cataphoretic and sprayed coatings for outdoor applications
Authors: Calovi Massimo , Russo Francesca , Rossi Stefano
Published: February 2021

This study aims to assess the aesthetical performances of thermochromic coatings for outdoor applications. In details, this work focuses on the efficiency of thermochromic pigments inside cataphoretic and sprayed primers, evaluating the possible synergic effect of a protective transparent topcoat. The structure of thermochromic pigments is examined by optical microscope, and their color‐changing behavior is evaluated by colourimetric measurements. Colourimetric analyses are also carried out to monitor the thermochromic performances of the coatings during exposure to an aggressive NaCl solution and UV‐B radiations, and to assess the protective role of the top‐coat. In addition to that, wet‐ and dry‐abrasion tests are carried out to define the suitability of these coatings for outdoor applications where good resistance to mechanical damage is required. Thus, this work evidences the better aesthetical features of the cataphoretic primer, which, however, particularly suffers from chemical–physical degradation processes. Nevertheless, the application of the transparent topcoat allows to maintain the integrity of the cataphoretic primer. The double‐layer coating exhibits a remarkable color‐changing behavior even when subjected to degradation phenomena due to exposure to aggressive environments.
Completely amorphous high thermal resistant copolyesters from bio‐based 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Shen Ang , Wang Jinggang , Ma Shugang , Fei Xuan , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zhu Jin , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: February 2021

Polyesters from renewable resources with glass transition temperature (Tg) higher than 100°C are crucial in broadening their application range. In this work, a series of high molecular weight copolyesters, poly(butylene bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfone 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PBSF), was synthesized from bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfone (BHEPS), bio‐based 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via transesterification. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR) was used to confirm their chemical structures, composition, and sequence distribution. Characterizations demonstrated that with the increasing content of BHEPS unit, Tg of synthesized polyesters was increased from 38.2°C for PBF to 122°C for PBSF‐95, in which the content of BHEPS unit was 95%. However, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of PBSF was dramatically decreased after the addition of BHEPS, from 95,300 g/mol for PBF to only 9600 g/mol for PBSF‐95, which was too low for practical application. Taking molecular weight, Tg, and mechanical properties into account, PBSF‐65 was considered to be a promising polyester with Mw of 28,500 g/mol, Tg of 104.7°C, tensile strength of 82 MPa, and elongation‐at‐break of 98%. Besides, it was a completely amorphous polyester with a transmittance of 89.9% by cutoff at 700 nm. Summarily, PBSF‐65 showed great potential to be used as raw material for the manufacture of baby bottles, children's toys, kitchen appliances, and beverage packaging, especially in the case when high transparency and heat resistance are required.
Systematic investigation on the effect of crosslinking agent type and dosage on the performance of TPU/MVQ based thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Cui Zi Wen , Jing Yuan Rong , Liu Su Su , Liu Guang Yong
Published: February 2021

Dynamic vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared in torque rheometer. The influence of the type and amount of peroxide crosslinking agent on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, micromorphology and melt flowability was systematically investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the TPVs vulcanized by 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di (tert‐butyl peroxy) hexane (DBPH) first increased and then decreased with increasing the peroxide amount, while for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanizing system the mechanical properties slowly increased. Besides, the comprehensive mechanical properties vulcanized by DBPH were better than those of DCP group. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the TPVs vulcanized by DBPH had better heat stability, corresponding to the excellent thermo‐oxidative aging performance and the 38% increase in tensile strength after aging. In addition, the MVQ rubber particles showed better dispersing performance for DBPH vulcanizing system. The melt flow rate of the TPVs showed a linear relationship with increasing DBPH dosage and became worse after the amount of crosslinking agent exceeded 1.5 phr. By comprehensive comparison, the TPVs have better performance when use peroxide DBPH as the crosslinking agent and the dosage is 1.5 phr.
Effects of different porous fillers on interfacial properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) hybrid films
Authors: Wang Sining , Huang Zhen , Ru Xiaofei , Wang Jiting
Published: February 2021

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based hybrids have demonstrated broad liquid separation applications but separation performances are constrained by the compatibility between fillers and polymer, and thus it is essential to study the interfacial properties of these hybrids. In this work, PVA hybrids with four different porous fillers have been fabricated and characterized with Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, swelling and contact angle tests. Swelling results show that PVA has a degree of swelling (DS) of 79% in water but the swelling is compressed after adding fillers and the DS for PVA hybrids has decreased by 19%, 17%, 15%, and 9% for 30 wt% loading of ZIF‐8, UiO‐66, Hβ and ZSM‐5, respectively. For methanol and its 10 wt% aqueous solution, similar swelling results are obtained due to mutual interactions among the filler, polymer and test liquids. Based on water and glycerol contact angle results, the surface energy of PVA is estimated to be 40.56 Nm−1 and it drops to 27.39 Nm−1 after adding less hydrophilic ZIF‐8 or rise to 48.56 Nm−1 after introducing more hydrophilic ZSM‐5. The high‐film hydrophilicity and then large surface energy have rendered methanol/water sorption selectivity of PVA hybrids decrease to some extent or vice versa.
Emerging (information) realities and epistemic injustice
Authors: Oliphant Tami
Published: February 2021

Emergent realities such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and corresponding “infodemic,” the resurgence of Black Lives Matter, climate catastrophe, and fake news, misinformation, disinformation, and so on challenge information researchers to reconsider the limitations and potential of the user‐centered paradigm that has guided much library and information studies (LIS) research. In order to engage with these emergent realities, understanding who people are in terms of their social identities, social power, and as epistemic agents—that is, knowers, speakers, listeners, and informants—may provide insight into human information interactions. These are matters of epistemic injustice. Drawing heavily from Miranda Fricker's work Epistemic Injustice: Power & the Ethics of Knowing, I use the concept of epistemic injustice (testimonial, systematic, and hermeneutical injustice) to consider people as epistemic beings rather than “users” in order to potentially illuminate new understandings of the subfields of information behavior and information literacy. Focusing on people as knowers, speakers, listeners, and informants rather than “users” presents an opportunity for information researchers, practitioners, and LIS educators to work in service of the epistemic interests of people and in alignment with liberatory aims.
IR Reflective LaPO4 Ceramic Colorant Reinforced Polymer Composite Coatings on Glass and Metal Substrates for Heat Management Applications
Authors: Sheemol Valayampillil Narayanan , Peer Mohamed Abdul Azeez , Ananthakumar Solaiappan
Published: February 2021

LaPO4 ceramic colorants were processed in the vibrant shades of green and brick red, and subsequently embedded in polymer resins for the fabrication of heat management coatings. The IR/UV shielding characteristics of these ceramic colorants and polymer coatings were analysed and it was found that the ceramic dispersoids enhance the IR reflectance quality of polymer resins by 20 to 25 times. The nano ceramic green colorant‐reinforced polymer coating on glass panels offers the stringent property, i. e., optical transparency and heat reflectance combined, when exposed to direct sunlight. Other photophysical properties were also studied and analysed. The brick red colorant entrenched resin coating on metal substrate offered heat reflectance and corrosion resistance characteristics. XPS studies provided the chemical environment of the systems. Surface morphology, crystallinity and particle size of the products were investigated using SEM, TEM, XRD and DLS techniques. The polymer resin coating of these ceramic colorants offers thermal stability and colorfastness properties.
Outcomes of organ‐sparing surgery for adult testicular tumors: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ory Jesse , Blankstein Udi , Gonzalez Daniel C. , Sathe Aditya A. , White Joshua T. , Delgado Carlos , Reynolds John , Jarvi Keith , Ramasamy Ranjith
Published: February 2021

Objective

To perform a systematic review on the effects of testicular sparing surgery (TSS) on the oncological, functional, and hormonal outcomes of adults with testicular tumors.

Methods

A literature search was performed after PROSPERO registration (CRD42020200842) and reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methods. We conducted a systematic search of Medline (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO/ICTRP from inception to November 20, 2020. Manuscripts and published abstracts were included if they involved testis‐sparing surgery (TSS) and contained data on any outcomes related to fertility, hormonal parameters, or oncological control, or if they evaluated surgical technique.

Results

Our initial search yielded 3,370 manuscripts, with 269 of these screened for full‐text eligibility. After our exclusion criteria were applied, 32 studies were included in the final analysis. Oncological outcomes were obtained from 12 studies (average follow‐up 57.8 months), functional data from 26 studies (average follow‐up 49.6 months), fertility information from 10 studies (average follow‐up 55.8 months), and data on nonpalpable tumors from 11 studies (average follow‐up 32.1 months). Oncological control appears to be excellent in studies that reported these outcomes. Presence of germ cell neoplasia in situ was controlled with adjuvant radiation in nearly all cases. Functional outcomes are also promising, as development of primary and compensated hypogonadism was rare. Semen parameters are poor preoperatively among men with benign and malignant testis tumors, with occasional decline after TSS. Frozen section analysis at the time of surgery appears to be very reliable, and the majority of nonpalpable tumors appear to be benign.

Conclusions

TSS is a safe and efficacious technique with regards to oncological control and postoperative hormonal function based on retrospective, noncontrolled studies. TSS avoids unnecessary removal of benign testicular tissue, and should be given serious consideration in cases of nonpalpable, small tumors under 2 cm. In cases of malignancy, TSS can safely avoid anorchia in men with bilateral tumors and in men with solitary testicles. The use of the operating microscope, while theoretically promising, does not necessarily lead to better outcomes, however data are limited.
Culturally relevant/sustaining pedagogy in a diverse urban classroom: Challenges of pedagogy for Syrian refugee youths and teachers in Turkey
Authors: Kotluk Nihat , Aydin Hasan
Published: February 2021

This study focused on whether and how teachers implemented the principles of culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogies and the challenges teachers faced while trying to implement these principles with Syrian students in Turkey. The study was built on the four components of pedagogies: academic achievement; cultural competencies; sociopolitical consciousness; and the sustainability of culture. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews and field notes with four teachers who had Syrian students in their classes and four Syrian students. Content analysis was used to examine the data. The findings revealed that both teachers and students had low expectations of academic achievement. Teachers conducted the teaching–learning process entirely according to the perspectives of students who were from the mainstream culture. Teachers tried to improve the cultural competencies and enhance their sociopolitical consciousness of the Syrian students; however, the attempts were limited and inadequate. Although teachers were aware of the importance of sustaining the Syrian culture, they did not know how to do so. The teachers did not have sufficient competencies or experiences to make revisions or to carry out an effective instructional process tailored to the needs of Syrian students because of an absence of skills and knowledge of multicultural education.
The role of exosomal non‐codingRNAsin aging‐related diseases
Authors: Dolati Sanam , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Dolatkhah Neda , Yousefi Mehdi , Jadidi‐ Niaragh Farhad , Sanaie Sarvin
Published: February 2021

Aging is a biological process caused by the accumulation of senescent cells with a permanent proliferative arrest. To the influence of aging on human life expectancy, there is essential for new biomarkers which possibly will assistance in recognizing age‐associated pathologies. Exosomes, which are cell‐secreted nanovesicles, make available a new biomarker detection and therapeutic approach for the transfer of different molecules with high capacity. Recently, non‐coding RNAs (ncRNA) which are contained in exosomes have developed as important molecules regulating the complexity of aging and relevant human diseases. The discovery of ncRNA provided perceptions into an innovative regulatory platform that could interfere with cellular senescence. The non‐coding transcriptome includes a different of RNA species, spanning from short ncRNAs (<200 nucleotides) to long ncRNAs, that are >200 bp long. Upgraded evidence displays that targeting ncRNAs possibly will influence senescence pathways. In this article, we will address ncRNAs that participated in age‐related and cellular senescence diseases. Growing conception of ncRNAs in the aging process possibly will be responsible for new understandings into the improvement of age‐related diseases and elongated life span.
Stem cell‐based therapies for cardiac diseases: The critical role of angiogenic exosomes
Authors: Ghodrat Sara , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Asadpour Shiva , Nazarnezhad Simin , Alizadeh Eghtedar Fariba , Kargozar Saeid
Published: February 2021

Finding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell‐based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life‐threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo‐vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles.
Revenge filicide: An international perspective through 62 cases
Authors: Myers Wade C. , Lee Erica , Montplaisir Rose , Lazarou Emily , Safarik Mark , Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Beauregard Eric
Published: February 2021

Filicide is the purposeful killing of one or more children by a parent, step‐parent, or other parental figure. Revenge filicide is a poorly understood, rare form of filicide in which a parent murders their child to cause emotional harm to the child's other parent. This descriptive study presents an international case series consisting of 62 revenge filicide cases from nine countries. Perpetrators were about equally likely to be male or female. Over half of the sample had an active mental disorder of any type, most often a personality disorder. A history of domestic violence was common. The mean victim age was 6 years. They were typically killed by asphyxiation, firearms, or knives, and preschool age children were targeted most frequently. In half of the cases, more than one child was murdered. Post‐crime suicidal behavior was commonplace, and one‐third of the sample died by suicide. Four revenge filicide subtypes were identified: rejection, custody/visitation dispute, infidelity/jealousy, and argument/conflict. These categories may prove useful in future research and for helping to identify children at high risk of becoming filicide victims. All surviving offenders were criminally convicted, and in only one case was a mental health defense successful in lessening culpability. Notable similarities and differences between the US and international cases are discussed.
Epigenetic modulators combination with chemotherapy in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ari Ferda , Napieralski Rudolf , Akgun Oguzhan , Magdolen Viktor , Ulukaya Engin
Published: February 2021

Despite the concerning adverse effects on tumour development, epigenetic drugs are very promising in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the differential effects of standard chemotherapy regimens (FEC: 5‐fluorouracil plus epirubicine plus cyclophosphamide) in combination with epigenetic modulators (decitabine, valproic acid): (a) on gene methylation levels of selected tumour biomarkers (LINE‐1, uPA, PAI‐1, DAPK); (b) their expression status (uPA and PAI‐1); (c) differentiation status (5meC and H3K27me3). Furthermore, cell survival as well as changes concerning the invasion capacity were monitored in cell culture models of breast cancer (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231). A significant overall decrease of cell survival was observed in the FEC‐containing combination therapies for both cell lines. Methylation results showed a general tendency towards increased demethylation of the uPA and PAI‐1 gene promoters for the MCF‐7 cells, as well as the proapoptotic DAPK gene in the treatment regimens for both cell lines. The uPA and PAI‐1 antigen levels were mainly increased in the supernatant of FEC‐only treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. DAC‐only treatment induced an increase of secreted uPA protein in MCF‐7 cell culture, while most of the VPA‐containing regimens also induced uPA and PAI‐1 expression in MCF‐7 cell fractions. Epigenetically active substances can also induce a re‐differentiation in tumour cells, as shown by 5meC, H3K27me3 applying ICC.

Significance of the study

Epigenetic modulators especially in the highly undifferentiated and highly malignant MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells significantly reduced tumour malignancy thus; further clinical studies applying specific combination therapies with epigenetic modulators may be warranted.
Central line‐associated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fungemia in an immunocompetent host: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Goravey Wael , Ali Gawahir A. , Abid Fatma , Ibrahim Emad B. , Al Maslamani Muna A. , Abdel Hadi Hamad
Published: February 2021

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is an emerging fungal infection with the ability of biofilms formation. The identification of R mucilaginosa fungemia should trigger reflexes of prompt central venous line removal and using Amphotericin therapy.
Sonne oder Wind: Was ist die bessere Energiequelle für Power‐to‐X
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Henschel Carsten
Published: February 2021

Particle‐resolved CFD simulations provide detailed insights into fixed‐bed reactors. One of the remaining challenges is the generation of high‐quality computational cells, which is especially challenging near particle‐particle contacts. This contribution presents a generalized and automated contact modification independent of the particle shape by introducing a defined gap of 1 % of the particle diameter. This approach is successfully demonstrated for non‐spherical cylinders, hollow and multi‐hole cylinders, and a novel particle shape in terms of radial void fraction, pressure drop and an illustrative heat transfer study.
WO3 Inversce Opal Photonic Crystals: Unique Property, Synthetic Methods and Extensive Application
Authors: Dang Xueming , Jiang Xiao , Zhang Tingting , Zhao Huimin
Published: February 2021

Tungsten trioxide inverse opal photonic crystals (WO3 IOPCs) not only possess the intrinsic properties of WO3, but also own the unique characteristics of IOPCs structure. The evolution of preparation method of WO3 IOPCs has been briefly presented as electrodeposition method, sol‐gel methodology and ‘dynamic hard‐template’ strategy in this review. Then the crystalline structure, optical property and electrical performance of WO3 IOPCs are later described. Afterwards, this review focuses on the wide application of WO3 IOPCs in chemical sensor, photo(electro)catalysis, electrochromic material and photochromic field in the last decade. Finally, a brief outlook over future investigation in preparation and modification, as well as promising application is proposed. This paper aims to encourage the attention and effort of researchers on WO3 IOPCs and other semiconductor materials with IOPCs structure.
Using Theory To Extend the Scope of Azobenzene Drugs in Chemotherapy: Novel Combinations for a Specific Delivery
Authors: Cerón‐Carrasco José P. , Jacquemin Denis
Published: February 2021

Gut microorganisms metabolize azobenzene compounds (Ph1−N=N−Ph2) into free aniline products (Ph1−NH2+H2N−Ph2), a process that has been largely investigated to reduce dyes residues in the textile industry. However, the action of bacterial core enzymes such as azoreductases (AzoR) might also help to deliver prodrugs that become active when they reach the colonic region, a mechanism with potential applications for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. So far, three azo‐bonded prodrugs of 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA), for example, sulfasalazine, olsalazine and balsalazide, have been used for colon‐targeted delivery. The present contribution describes the first rational design of a novel azobenzene prodrug thanks to a computational approach, with a focus on linking 5‐ASA to another approved anti‐inflammatory drug. The resulting prodrugs were assessed for their degradation upon AzoR action. Replacing the original carriers by irsogladine is found to improve action.