bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evidence of Regeneration of Active Penicillin from Penicillin Esters
Authors: Hickey Richard J.
Published: October 2006

It has been found that methyl and ethyl esters of penicillin may be hydrolyzed
in vitro
to yield 26 and 16 per cent. respectively of the theoretical bacteriostatically active penicillin.
Inactivation of the Irritant Toxicants of Poison Ivy and Related Compounds by Tyrosinase
Authors: Sizer Irwin W. , Prokesch Clemens E.
Published: October 2006

The action of mushroom tyrosinase on the oxidation of the irritant principles of poison ivy and on related toxic compounds has been demonstrated by measuring oxygen consumption, color change, decrease in phenolic groups and reduction in dermatitis-producing properties of these compounds on human and guinea-pig skin. The action of tyrosinase on poison ivy toxicants occurs both
in vitro
and on the human skin.
A Search for Virus-Inactivating Substances Among Microorganisms
Authors: Jones Doris , Beaudette F. R. , Geiger Walton B. , Waksman Selman A.
Published: October 2006

One hundred and fifty organisms, comprising bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, were isolated from straw-compost, manure, soil, drainage material and soil enriched with virus concentrates, and were tested for antiviral activity
in vitro
. Three of these organisms gave indications of possible inactivation of some of the fowl pox virus, and, in one case, of the laryngotracheitis virus. The active principle of one of these organisms was actinomycin A, an antibacterial substance known to be highly toxic to animals. The other two organisms were less extensively studied, and no claims regarding their antiviral potentialities can be made at present.
Agglutination of
Staphylococcus aureus
in the Presence of Chorio-Allantoic Fluid from Hen's Eggs
Authors: Shrigley Edward W.
Published: October 2006

Certain strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
will agglutinate when grown in the presence of normal or influenza virus-infected chorio-allantoic fluid. Fluids are rendered inactive after heating at 56° C. for one or two minutes. Surface tension and temperature are not important factors in the manifestation of the phenomenon so long as they are within the limits compatible with growth. The reaction is favored by an alkaline pH. Bacterial dissociation is not a feature of this phenomenon and the relationship of this reaction to bacteriophagy is probably not significant but is being investigated further. Similar reactions as described for the egg fluids may be seen when Berkefeld filtrates of influenza virus-infected and normal mouse lungs are used. A more detailed account of all the data will appear at a later date.
The Use of "Tagged" Derivatives in the Fluorimetric Assay of Vitamins
Authors: Friedemann Theodore E. , Frazier Ernestine I.
Published: October 2006

In a study of the Konig reaction, it was found that nicotinic acid, on reacting with CNBr and certain substituted aromatic amines, yields glutaconic dialdehyde derivatives which fluoresce with a greenish-yellow light in visible violet light of about 440 millimicrons wave-length. A procedure was described which is applicable to 0.1 to 6 micrograms in 5 cc of solution or extract. It is suggested that the principle of preparing fluorescing "tagged" derivatives be applied to other vitamins of the B-complex.
The Action of Horseradish-Peroxidase on Angiotonin, Pepsitensin and Epinephrine
Authors: Helmer O. M. , Kohlstaedt K. G.
Published: October 2006

(1) The pressor action of angiotonin, pepsitensin and epinephrine is rapidly destroyed by the horseradish-peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system.

(2) This reaction is considerably enhanced by the addition of small amounts of potassium iodide.
The Role of Amino Acids and Amides in the Metabolism of Ammonium Absorbed by
Zea mays
L.
Authors: Viets Frank G.
Published: October 2006

When corn seedlings, previously depleted in soluble nitrogen constituents, are forced to absorb large quantities of ammonium nitrogen, soluble compounds accumulate in the sap. Asparagine, glutamine, one or more amino acids and undetermined compounds are synthesized. Ammonia does not accumulate until these constituents have reached a relatively high level.
Oral Penicillin—A Comparison of Various Modes of Administration
Authors: Free Alfred H. , Parker Robert F. , Biro Barbara E.
Published: October 2006

A comparison of penicillin excretion when equivalent quantities of the drug are given orally or parenterally indicates that approximately 60 per cent. urinary excretion occurs after parenteral administration, whereas 14 per cent. urinary excretion occurs following oral ingestion. That destruction by gastric acidity is not primarily responsible for this difference is indicated by the fact that administration of penicillin directly into the duodenum does not greatly alter the amount of penicillin excretion. Evidence indicating that the majority of orally administered penicillin is destroyed by the body proper is discussed.
Australopithecine Enamel Prism Patterns
Authors: Vrba Elisabeth S. , Grine Fred E.
Published: October 2006

Following a recent suggestion that tooth enamel prism shape differs within Hominoidea, the teeth of a number of extinct and extant hominoid species were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The enamel prism patterns of some gracile and robust australopithecine specimens from Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai are recorded. The characteristic arrangements of enamel prisms in all modern and extinct hominoid species were found to be essentially similar. The implications of enamel prisms for phylogenetic deduction in Hominoidea are discussed.
Preliminary Studies on the Absorption and Excretion of Streptomycin in Dogs
Authors: Graham Boyd E. , Vander Brook Milton J. , Kuizenga Marvin H.
Published: October 2006

Streptomycin varying in potency from 100 to 500 units/mg. has been administered to 14 dogs intravenously, intramuscularly, and orally in amounts of 100,000 to 420,000 units.

High blood levels of streptomycin were observed after parenteral administration and 23 to 65 per cent was excreted in the urine of normal dogs. After 4 or 5 hours only small amounts were detected in the blood.

The maintenance of blood levels was no better with intramuscular than with intravenous administration.

Following the oral administration of as much as 420,000 units of streptomycin, it could not be detected in the plasma, but up to 3.9 per cent was recovered from the urine.
Transient Synapses in the Embryonic Primate Spinal Cord
Authors: Knyihar Elizabeth , Csillik Bertalan , Rakic Pasko
Published: October 2006

Electron microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic analysis of the embryonic spinal cord in the rhesus monkey reveals considerable rearrangement of cellular and synaptic relationships in the posterior (sensory) quadrant during early developmental stages. This remodeling involves the death of an entire population of neurons that received synapses from sensory afferent axons and the possible relocation of these afferents upon subsequently generated viable substantia gelatinosa neurons.
Suppression by 1,3-Butanediol of the Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Majchrowicz Edward , Hunt Walter A. , Piantadosi Claude
Published: October 2006

1,3-Butanediol was tested for its ability to suppress an ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered physically dependent on ethanol by intragastric administration of ethanol at a dosage of 9 to 15 grams per kilogram per day over a 4-day period. A nonintoxicating oral dose of 1,3-butanediol at 4 grams per kilogram administered after elimination of ethanol from the blood was effective against the tremulous and convulsive components of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome in all animals for 1 to 5 hours. This period coincided with the time of maximum severity of the withdrawal syndrome, as seen in the control animals.
Effect of Some Sulfhydryl-containing Substances on the Toxicity of an Organic Mercurial Compound
Authors: Long W. K. , Farah A.
Published: October 2006

The acute toxicity of an organic mercurial as studied on the mouse, intact anesthetized cat and dog, and the heart-lung preparation of the dog can be readily counteracted by sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as glutathione, cysteine, and 2,3-dimercapto-propanol. Equimolar doses of 2,3-dimercapto-propanol are about five times as active as cysteine or glutathione.
A Simple, Rapid Technique for the Study of the Action of Hydrolytic Enzymes on Insoluble Substrates
Authors: Sizer Irwin W.
Published: October 2006

A rapid, simple, quantitative technique has been developed for the study of the action of hydrolytic enzymes on certain insoluble substrates. The end point of digestion is indicated by the release of a glass bead, when two pieces of lens paper sealed together by the substrate separate due to its digestion by the enzyme.
Specificity of Naturally Occurring Antibody in Normal Gibbon Serum
Authors: Aoki Tadao , Liu Margaret , Walling Mary Jane , Bushar Grace S. , Brandchaft Phyllis B. , Kawakami Thomas G.
Published: October 2006

Gibbon natural antibody examined by immunoelectron microscopy reacted with the entire envelope of type C virus and with areas on the cell surface equivalent to or smaller than the diameter of a virion in gibbon and human culture cells infected with or releasing type C viruses. The antibody activity was absorbed completely by two cell cultures infected with gibbon ape leukemia virus and by the virus itself, and partially by normal gibbon spleen cells and dog thymus-derived cells infected with baboon endogenous type C virus, and fresh white blood cells obtained from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in acute blastic crisis.
A Cytoplasmic Factor Promoting Oocyte Maturation: Its Extraction and Preliminary Characterization
Authors: Wasserman William J. , Masui Yoshio
Published: October 2006

Cytoplasm of maturing amphibian oocytes possesses a factor that induces germinal vesicle breakdown. This factor was extracted from
Rana pipiens
eggs and assayed by microinjection into
Xenopus laevis
oocytes. The activity of this factor is Mg-dependent, Ca-sensitive, and associated with heat-labile protein. Centrifugation on a sucrose density gradient revealed that the factor exists in three different molecular sizes.
Vitamin D: 3-Deoxy-1α-Hydroxyvitamin D
3
, Biologically Active Analog of 1α-Dihydroxyvitamin D
3
Authors: Norman Anthony W. , Mitra Manindra N. , Okamura William H. , Wing Richard M.
Published: October 2006

The ability of chemically synthesized 3-deoxy-1α-hydroxyvitamin D
3
, an analog of the biologically active form of vitamin D
3
(1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
3
), to stimulate intestinal calcium transport was assessed. The 3-deoxy analog acted significantly more rapidly than vitamin D
3
and only slightly slower than 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
3
. Comparison of the dose-response curves of these three vitamin D derivatives emphasizes the importance of the 3β-hydroxyl group to biological activity.
Diamonds in Dense Molecular Clouds: a Challenge to the Standard Interstellar Medium Paradigm
Authors: Allamandola L. J. , Sandford S. A. , Tielens A. G. , Herbst T. M.
Published: October 2006

Observations of a newly discovered infrared C-H stretching band indicate that interstellar diamond-like material appears to be characteristic of dense clouds. In sharp contrast, the spectral signature of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium is dominated by -CH
2
- and -CH
3
groups. This dichotomy in the aliphatic organic component between the dense and diffuse media challenges standard assumptions about the processes occurring in, and interactions between, these two media. The ubiquity of this interstellar diamond-like material rules out models for meteoritic diamond formation in unusual circumstellar environments and implies that the formation of the diamond-like material is associated with common interstellar processes or stellar types.
Crustacean Intestinal Detergent Promotes Sterol Solubilization
Authors: Lester Roger , Carey Martin C. , Little Joanna M. , Cooperatein Lawrence A. , Dowd Susan R.
Published: October 2006

Although crustacean tissue cholesterol content is high, Crustacea, like other arthropods; are incapable of cholesterol synthesis, and presumably are dependent for maintaining tissue cholesterol stores on the intestinal absorption of ingested sterol. A detergent,
N
-(
N
-dodecanoylsarcosyl)taurine, representative of a set of detergents synthesized by the crustacean hepatopancreas and secreted into the intestine, is capable of efficient cholesterol solubilization, and thus of promoting sterol absorption.
Nongenetic Variability in Susceptibility to Oncogenesis
Authors: Prehn Richmond T.
Published: October 2006

Genetically homogeneous mice varied in susceptibility to tumor induction by 3-methylcholanthrene. The early appearance of an induced tumor identified an animal of relatively great susceptibility to tumor induction as compared to other animals of the same genotype.
Deoxycorticosterone-Adenine Interactions in a Crystalline Complex
Authors: Weeks Charles M. , Rohrer Douglas C. , Duax William L.
Published: October 2006

Deoxycorticosterone-adenine monohydrate is the first complex involving a steroid and a component of DNA to be successfully crystallized and studied by single crystal x-ray analysis. Hydrogen bonds between O(20) and N(6) as well as O(21) and N(1) connect the corticoid side chain to an adenine molecule. The molecules are also packed such that a second adenine moiety is situated over the Δ
4
-3-one region of the steroid. These observations of the solid state suggest ways in which steroids and nucleic acids may interact in vivo.
Fallout Dosages at Washington, D.C.
Authors: Blifford Irving H. , Rosenstock Herbert B.
Published: October 2006

It has been assumed that the fission product conglomerate emits one gamma ray per beta particle throughout its lifetime. The fallout velocities are not accurately known, and in some cases the detonation and response times have been approximated. For these reasons, the dosages reported in this paper can be accurate in order of magnitude only. With these reservations, an infinity dose of 0.2 roentgen or less due to all explosions between January 1951 and May 1955 is reported for Washington, D.C. Therefore, it is probable that the total fallout from all weapons tests that have so far been conducted will produce only a fraction of the lifetime dosage due to natural radioactivity and cosmic radiation.

Most of the dosage comes from the Nevada tests, and only a small part from the Pacific thermonuclear tests. Fission products contained in that part of the cloud of a thermonuclear explosion which extends above the level of precipitation is found to contribute only very slightly to the dosage at great distances. No analysis was carried out for air activity data taken at other locations, but their qualitative similarity to those taken in Washington suggests that infinity doses in most other locations in the northern hemisphere will not be greatly different.

Present results are in essential agreement with two other measurements that have been reported. Eisenbud and Harley have measured fallout deposited on gummed papers at various locations in the United States and have found an average dose of 0.001 roentgen per year. Stewart, Crooks, and Fisher have measured the activity of air, rainwater, and ground deposits in England and report an infinity dose of 0.055 roentgen. This somewhat lower figure may result from their greater distance from Nevada, which appears to be the source of most of the fallout in the United States.

The authors wish to thank Dr. H. Friedman and Dr. L. B. Lockhart for their continued support and for many helpful discussions.
Extracellular Potassium Accumulation and Inward-Going Potassium Rectification in Voltage Clamped Ventricular Muscle
Authors: Cleemann Lars , Morad Martin
Published: October 2006

Measurements of afterpotential, action potential duration, and output of a potassium-sensitive microelectrode indicate that the application of long clamp pulses (1 to 8 seconds) to frog ventricular muscle is accompanied by a change in the extracellular potassium concentration. The plot of the magnitude of the potassium accumulation against the clamped membrane potential yields an N-shaped relation similar to the "steady state" current-voltage relation. The accumulation studies confirm a strong inward-going (anomalous) potassium rectification.
Brain Acetylcholine: Control by Dietary Choline
Authors: Cohen Edith L. , Wurtman Richard J.
Published: October 2006

Acetylcholine concentrations in whole rat brain or in various brain regions and free choline concentrations in blood serum and brain vary with dietary choline consumption. The increases in brain acetylcholine after treatment with physostigmine (an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase) or after consumption of a diet high in choline are additive, suggesting that choline acts by increasing acetylcholine synthesis.
Molecular Growth Requirements of Single Mammalian Cells
Authors: Sato Gordon , Fisher Harold W. , Puck Theodore T.
Published: October 2006

The molecular nutritional requirements exhibited by mammalian cells can vary with the following conditions: whether the cells are plated singly or in massive inoculum; whether a clonal strain or a mixture of different genotypes is employed; whether the macromolecular fraction of serum used as a supplement was previously exposed to prolonged dialysis or other procedures which may release bound micromolecules. In addition, the nature of the medium in which the cells were previously grown, the time permitted for incubation of the cells in the test medium, and the presence of substances or conditions which may specifically introduce the need for certain molecules to preserve balance can strongly influence nutritional requirements. This great versatility may reflect the ability of the mammalian cell to assume different metabolic states characteristic of specific types of differentiation. Under certain conditions, growth of single HeLa cells of the S3 clonal strain requires the presence of cholesterol at a level of 0.5 to 1 microgram per milliliter.
Method of Polarographic in vivo Continuous Recording of Blood Oxygen Tension
Authors: Kreuzer F. , Nessler C. G.
Published: October 2006

A catheter-type PO
2
electrode has been developed which permits the polarographic continuous recording of the blood oxygen tension in vivo. The electrode has been tested in model experiments in vitro and applied in animal experiments lasting several hours. It yielded a continuous tracing of PO
2
with good reproducibility.
On the Role of the Vagus in the Control of Aldosterone Secretion
Authors: Mills Ivor H. , Casper Alfred , Bartter Frederic C.
Published: October 2006

Aldosterone in adrenal venous blood of dogs is increased by constriction and decreased by release of constriction of the inferior vena cava. Section of the cervical vagi did not affect the rise of aldosterone but prevented its fall. The receptors for stimuli to increases of aldosterone secretion may not be the same as those for stimuli to decreases.
An Infrared Study of the Hydrolysis of a Thiazolidine
Authors: Kirschenbaum Donald M. , Parker Frank S.
Published: October 2006

The hydrolysis in
aqueous
solution of L-4-carboxy-2,2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride has been followed by infrared spectrophotometry. The absorption curve of the final reaction mixture had absorption characteristics which were also shown by a solution containing stoichiometric amounts of the expected reaction products.
Acrolein for the Control of Water Weeds and Disease-Carrying Water Snails
Authors: van Overbeek J. , Hughes W. J. , Blondeau R.
Published: October 2006

Injection of the biocide acrolein into irrigation canals killed submersed weeds, thereby reducing flow resistance and increasing capacity. In a 20-mile canal, 150 gallons raised throughput from 311 to 552 ft
3
/sec. Acrolein also effectively eradicated aquatic snails; it promises to become a useful tool in the battle against
Schistosoma
blood flukes.
Continuous Protein Synthesis in Nuclei, Shown by Radioautography with H
3
-Labeled Amino Acids
Authors: Carneiro J. , Leblond C. P.
Published: October 2006

Radioautographic investigation of the cell nuclei of adult mice after injection of leucine-H
3
, methionine-H
3
, or glycine-H
3
shows a high uptake of tritium by chromatin material but not by nucleoli. It is concluded that protein synthesis occurs continuously within nuclear chromatin.
Parthenogenesis in
Culex fatigans
Authors: Kitzmiller James B.
Published: October 2006

Parthenogenesis occurs in the mosquito
Culex fatigans
. Three larvae were hatched from 85,851 eggs in tests of eggs from 1001 females. There were 618 egg rafts; the three larvae were from different rafts.
Mutagenic Effect of Azaserine in Relation to Azaserine Resistance in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Iyer V. N. , Szybalski W.
Published: October 2006

For demonstration of the mutagenic effect of azaserine (mutation from streptomycin dependence to nondependence), higher concentrations of this antibiotic are required with azaserine-resistant
Escherichia coli
than with the sensitive, parental strain. At barely toxic concentrations of azaserine, however, the mutagenic response of the resistant strain is many times higher than that of the sensitive strain.
Transliteration of Russian
Authors: Razran Gregory
Published: October 2006

The objective of any system of transliteration is obviously to convey to the reader as closely as possible the phonetic value of the transliterated material. Barring phonetic transcriptions, this objective is doubtless best accomplished when (i) minimum use is made of extra marks and extra letter combinations that of necessity are arbitrary, unclear, and confusing to many readers, and when, of course (ii), there is only one uniform system and not a variety of varying ones. A detailed analysis reveals that present-day practices of transliterating Russian into English by no means conform to these desiderata, but that they could readily be made to do so. With only two extra letter combinations,
zh
for ж and
kh
for х, and a single and a double apostrophe for the "soft" and "hard" marks, a very close approximation of Russian phonology may be attained through a discriminating use of English as is. A complete and uniform transliteration of Russian into English, including the noncontroversial letters, is shown in Table 1.
Electrophysiology of the Elasmobranch Stomach
Authors: Hogben C. Adrian M.
Published: October 2006

A consequence of the recent study of the mechanism of gastric secretion has been the presumption, implicit (
1
) if not explicit (
2
), that the distinctive gastric transmucosal potential has a fundamental role in the formation of hydrochloric acid. The following report indicates that the isolated surviving elasmobranch gastric mucosa does secrete acid but, unlike that of other vertebrates, does so without developing a significant epithelial potential difference. The gastric transmembrane potential is neither necessary for hydrogen ion secretion nor is its generation a fundamental feature of the mechanism that leads to the formation of hydrochloric acid.
Group Effort in Modern Physics Research
Authors: Gilvarry J. J. , Ihrig H. K.
Published: October 2006

In the
Physical Review
for the year 1957, as a sample, multiple authorship appears with greatest relative frequency in communications from government, academic, and industrial laboratories, in that order. For the three types, it appears that research is conducted on the average by groups and not by individuals. These conclusions are at variance with premises assumed recently by R. S. Uhrbrock.
Ionizing Energy as an Aid in Exchange Tritium Labeling
Authors: Lemmon Richard M. , Tolbert Bert M. , Strohmeier Walter , Whittemore Irville M.
Published: October 2006

The tritium labeling of organic compounds by the Wilzbach technique—that is, by simple exposure of the compound to tritium gas—is greatly accelerated by the simultaneous exposure of the system to a silent electrical discharge. The incorporation of tritium into benzene was increased by a factor of about 10
4
without undue decomposition. Cobalt-60 γ-rays were found to be far less useful for increasing the tritium incorporation.
Adsorption of Antibody in vitro and Magnitude of the Schultz-Dale Reaction of Guinea-Pig Ileum
Authors: Nielsen C. B. , Terres Geronimo , Feigen George A.
Published: October 2006

Studies show that the adsorption of rabbit antiovalbumin-I
131
on guinea-pig ileum conforms to a Langmuirian isotherm, and that the physiological response to challenge with antigen depends upon the amount of antibody bound to the tissue.
Experimental Infestation of
Peromyscus leucopus
with Larvae of
Cuterebra angustifrons
Authors: Sillman E. I. , Smith M. V.
Published: October 2006

Four newly hatched larvae of the warble fly,
Cuterebra angustifrons
, were successfully introduced into the mouse host,
Peromyscus leucopus
, by application to the belly skin, the mouth, and the nose. Regardless of the site of entry, each larva migrated to the inguinal region of the host and completed its development normally.
Fault Zone along Northern Boundary of Western Snake River Plain, Idaho
Authors: Malde Harold E.
Published: October 2006

Gravity, seismic, and geologic studies indicate that at least 9000 ft of aggregate throw along a zone of northwest-trending, high-angle faults has displaced the western Snake River Plain downward relative to highlands on the north. At least 5000 ft of movement occurred between the early and middle Pliocene. Progressively diminishing movement since then amounts to 4000 ft.
A Mammalian Thioglycosidase
Authors: Goodman Irving , Fouts James R. , Bresnick Edward , Menegas Rosalie , Hitchings George H.
Published: October 2006

A thioglycosidase capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of 6-purine β-D -glucothiopyranoside and other thioglycosides has been found in a number of mammalian tissues (including tumors) as well as in almond emulsin. The substrate specificity of mammalian thioglycosidase involves both the aglycone and the glycosyl moieties.
Free-Radical Concentrations and Other Properties of Pile-Irradiated Coals
Authors: Friedel R. A. , Breger Irving A.
Published: October 2006

Five coals reacted quite differently when they were exposed to pile-irradiation. Little or no change was found in free-radical content for the three coals of lowest carbon content, whereas the two coals of highest carbon content were found to have a considerable increase in free-radical content. The infrared spectra and the apparent hardness of the irradiated coals of higher carbon content indicate that polymerization occurred. Radiation of these coals in chemical reagents may promote reactivity.
Selective Phagocytosis of Nucleated Erythrocytes by Cytotoxic Amebae in Cell Culture
Authors: Chi Lotta , Vogel John E. , Shelokov Alexis
Published: October 2006

Strains of
Acanthamoeba
, which produce cellular damage resembling viral cytopathic effect, are known to occur in cultures of monkey kidney cells. Trophozoites of a similar strain were observed to engulf and denucleate chicken erythrocytes. Nonnucleated guinea pig erythrocytes were apparently left unchanged.
Natural Radioactivity of Miami Soils
Authors: Telfair David , Garrison Robert , Smith Carl
Published: October 2006

An important part of man's radioactive environment is the natural radioactivity of soils. This radioactivity varies with soil type and with depth in the soil profile. The relation between gross gamma activity and soil depth for a particular soil (Miami silt loam) is presented, together with a discussion of the contribution of K
40
and the uranium and thorium series and of the effects of fallout from bomb tests in increasing the radioactivity of a thin layer of surface soil.
Radiometric Analysis of Tritiated Organic Compounds by Means of Vapor Phase Chromatography
Authors: Cacace F. , Inam-ul-Haq
Published: October 2006

An analytical method, involving the gas chromatographic separation and the quantitative measurement of tritiated volatile compounds, was studied. The method has been successfully employed to detect traces of carrier-free tritiated substances.
Genetic Control of Two γ-Globulin Isoantigenic Sites in Domestic Rabbits
Authors: Dray Sheldon , Young Glendowlyn O.
Published: October 2006

Results of immunochemical analysis of sera from 335 offspring of 81 litters of rabbits are consistent with the hypothesis that the isoantigenic sites, RGG-I and RGG-II, of the γ-globulins are controlled by a single allelic pair of autosomal genes with both specificities exhibited by the heterozygote. The three genotypes may be designated γ
I
/γ
I
, γ
II
/γ
II
, and γ
I
/γ
II
.
Post-Bomb Rise in Radiocarbon Activity in Denmark
Authors: Tauber Henrik
Published: October 2006

During the summers of 1958 and 1959 the increase in concentration of bomb-produced radiocarbon in Denmark was several percent higher than the average increase for the hemisphere. This additional increase is probably a carbon-14 equivalent to the spring peaks in strontium-90 fallout in the North Temperate Zone in the same years, and suggests latitudinal variations in carbon-14 contamination.
Heterogeneity of Human Ceruloplasmin
Authors: Morell Anatol G. , Scheinberg I. Herbert
Published: October 2006

Subfractionation of purified human ceruloplasmin, prepared from plasma of 9109 donors, has been carried out by chromatography on columns of diethylaminoethyl cellulose and hydroxylapatite. Electrophoretic analyses of these subfractions on starch gels, at
p
H 8.5 and 5.7, reveal the presence of at least four ceruloplasmins, two of which appear to differ in histidine content.
Recognition of Paired Trigrams as a Function of Associative Value and Associative Strength
Authors: L'Abate Luciano
Published: October 2006

The accuracy of visual recognition of tachistoscopically presented paired nonsense trigrams was shown to vary directly with the associative value and associative strength. Parallel results were previously reported for meaningful verbal material. It is argued that the same perceptual processes underlie the learning of nonsense and of meaningful material.
Glucose-6-Phosphatase and the Exchange of Glucose with Glucose-6-Phosphate
Authors: Hass Louis F. , Byrne William L.
Published: October 2006

An equation is presented which makes it possible to estimate the exchange activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, as a percentage of the hydrolytic activity, for a given concentration of substrate and acceptor. The quantitative significance of the exchange-inhibition phenomenon is discussed.
Influence of
p
H on the Toxicity of Nitrogen Mustard
Authors: White Laurens P.
Published: October 2006

The experiments reported here demonstrate the unexpected finding that, in mice, the
p
H of nitrogen mustard solution at the time it is injected into the animal appears to determine the toxicity of the material. At certain doses, highly acid solutions of nitrogen mustard show no toxic effects, while alkaline solutions at the same dose are invariably lethal. From further experiments on the antitumor activity of acid solutions of nitrogen mustard, it is concluded that the toxic effect is separable from the antitumor effect.
Learning and Cortically Evoked Movement during Propagated Hippocampal Afterdischarges
Authors: Flynn John P. , Wasman Marvin
Published: October 2006

Learned responses are absent during intense hippocampal discharges. Their absence is attributable not to a disruption of learning but to an effect upon the motor system.
A Study of Thermoregulatory and Emotional Sweating in Man by Skin Ion Transfer
Authors: Cummings Victor
Published: October 2006

Local introduction of atropine and dibenzyline into human skin was carried out by iontophoresis. Both thermoregulatory and emotional sweating were blocked by atropine but were not blocked by dibenzyline. It would seem that emotional sweating produced as a result of a physical stress situation is partly or predominately under cholinergic control.
Inheritance of a Serum Protein in Swine
Authors: Kristjansson Fred K.
Published: October 2006

A study of polymorphism of the starch-gel electrophoretic pattern for one of the blood serum proteins in swine (tentatively designated protein B) reveals that it is controlled by a single pair of alleles exhibiting partial dominance.
BB
genotypes appear to have twice the amount of protein B that the
Bb
genotype has, while
bb
genotypes show no evidence of the protein. Present indications are that the Yorkshire and Landrace breeds differ in the frequency of these genes.
Long-Period Seismic Waves from Nuclear Explosions in Various Environments
Authors: Oliver Jack , Pomeroy Paul , Ewing Maurice
Published: October 2006

Large nuclear explosions in the solid earth, the hydrosphere, and the lower and upper atmosphere have generated seismic waves of periods greater than about 5 seconds which have been detected at great distances from the source.
A Function for Ascorbic Acid in the Metabolism of an Insect
Authors: Briggs Michael H.
Published: October 2006

Homogenates of
Blattella conjuncta
oxidize L-tyrosine. The reaction is diminished by dialysis, but may be reactivated with L-ascorbic acid. Glutathione, pyridoxal phosphate, and folic acid also activate the system.
New Test for the Biological Assay of Oxytocin
Authors: Mendez-Bauer C. , Cabot H. M. , Caldeyro-Barcia R.
Published: October 2006

A strip of mammary gland is removed from a lactating rabbit and suspended in a bath. The contractions of the strip are recorded isometrically. The strip shows no spontaneous activity and responds with reasonable linearity and stability to oxytocin at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 milliunits per milliliter.
Effect of Pyramidal Tract Activity on Dorsal Column Nuclei
Authors: Jabbur S. J. , Towe A. L.
Published: October 2006

The response of single units in cuneate and gracile nuclei to cutaneous stimulation can be modified by prior stimulation of the motor cortex of the cat. Both excitation and inhibition of these neurons can be effected via the pyramidal tract.
Stimulation of Postirradiation Recovery of Cells by Cutting
Authors: Giese Arthur C. , Lusignan Molly
Published: October 2006

X-rays and ultraviolet radiations delay regeneration and division of
Blepharisma undulans
. Irradiated blepharisma which have not been cut divide once or twice fairly soon after the controls, then they cease dividing for a period of time (stasis) which may last for many hours or even days. Once they recover from stasis they divide at a rate comparable to controls. Cut, irradiated blepharisma, on the other hand, having to replace lost parts, start to divide later than the uncut irradiated individuals, but little if any stasis occurs. As a consequence, although irradiated with the same dosage, cut individuals recover a normal rate of division sooner than uncut ones.
Reduction of Radiation Sensitivity of Dry Bacterial Spores with Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Powers E. L. , Kaleta B. F.
Published: October 2006

Hydrogen sulfide reduces the lethal effect of x-rays in dry spores by about 50 percent when given after irradiation, and by approximately 75 percent when present during irradiation. The first effect is the result of removal of radicals that are toxic when combined with oxygen; the second, the removal of radicals that become toxic in the absence of oxygen. With these results we construct an explanation of the action of sulfhydryl compounds in protection against radiation damage.
Esters from Bacterial Oxidation of Olefins
Authors: Stewart James E. , Finnerty William R. , Kallio R. E. , Stevenson D. P.
Published: October 2006

Identification of esters isolated from culture fluids of bacteria growing upon terminal olefins indicates that bacteria oxidize olefins at the saturated methyl group, leaving the double bond intact. The yeast
Candida lipolytica
produces α-glycols from olefins, presumably by attacking the double bond.
Thermal Annealment and Nitric Oxide Effects on Free Radicals in X-irradiated Cells
Authors: Ehret C. F. , Smaller B. , Powers E. L. , Webb R. B.
Published: October 2006

Four kinds of radicals are identified in dry spores (
Bacillus megaterium
) after x-irradiation: those associated with singlet, doublet, triplet, and oxygen-complex types of spectra. The singlet, present only at low temperatures, gives rise irreversibly to the doublet at 25°C. All hyperfine structure is depressed after annealment at 100°C and is lost when oxygen or nitric oxide is added. The physical results support the hypothesis that reactions of long-lived free radicals can account for the radiobiological phenomena of thermorestoration, nitric oxide protection, and latent oxygen effect.
Learned Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys following Neonatal Bilateral Prefrontal Lobotomy
Authors: Akert K. , Orth O. S. , Harlow H. F. , Schiltz K. A.
Published: October 2006

Bilateral ablation of dorsolateral frontal cortex in the newborn animal failed to produce the frontal lobe syndrome typical of the adolescent and adult stages. The crucial tests (delayed response, string tests, and discrimination learning) were performed 3 to 4 months postoperatively. At this time, no significant differences between normal animals and animals with prefrontal lesions were found.
Volatile Factor in Culture of Insect Spermatocytes
Authors: Bowers Blair
Published: October 2006

The in vitro differentiation of insect spermatocytes is critically dependent on the water content of the medium. The postulated "volatile factor" is accounted for in terms of a loss of water from the cultures.
Metabolism of Adrenaline after Blockade of Monoamine Oxidase and Catechol-O-methyltransferase
Authors: De Schaepdryver A. F. , Kirshner N.
Published: October 2006

Experiments in cats infused with 5 μmole of
dl
-adrenaline-2-C
14
showed that blockade of either monoamine oxidase or catechol-O-methyltransferase is largely compensated for by the activity of the intact enzyme system; combined blockade of both enzyme systems results in the formation of a new adrenaline catabolite and in the increased production of acidic, mainly conjugated, catabolites, the identity of which remains to be established.
Distribution of Strontium-90 in a 1959 Wheat Sample
Authors: Rivera Joseph
Published: October 2006

At least 22 percent of the strontium-90 found in a sample of wheat harvested in 1959 was due to direct deposition. Twenty-seven percent of the total strontium-90 content of this wheat sample was contained in the outermost bran layer.
Auxin Gibberellic Acid Interaction in Controlling the Hypocotyl Growth in Seedlings
Authors: Laloraya M. M. , Naqvi S. A.
Published: October 2006

High concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid, when applied at a concentration of 100 to 200 parts per million (ppm) to presoaked seeds, cause a marked inhibition of hypocotyl length in the seedling growth of
Phaseolus mungo
var. T-2. Gibberellic acid, when applied at a concentration of 5 ppm, quantitatively reversed this inhibition. It is suggested that the interaction between these two growth substances controls the morphogenetic differentiation in regard to hypocotyl formation in seedling growth.
Zinc-65 in Reactor Workers
Authors: Cohn Stanton H. , Love Robert A. , Gusmano Ernest A.
Published: October 2006

Zinc-65, hitherto found in cyclotron workers and in other specialized populations, has now been detected in a group of reactor workers. While the highest levels detected are less than 0.2 percent of the maximum permissible concentration, the movement of this neutron-induced radionuclide is of interest, and the baseline information is important for future studies.
Transport of Gases through Hemoglobin Solution
Authors: Collins R. E.
Published: October 2006

A mathematical theory is developed to explain the observed enhancement of oxygen transport through solutions by hemoglobin. At high partial pressures of oxygen, ordinary diffusion through the solvent accounts for all transport of oxygen, but at low partial pressures the transport may be increased many fold by the presence of hemoglobin. This phenomenon is explained and the possible role of this phenomenon in living organisms is discussed. The theory also indicates a new method of determining dissociation curves from diffusion experiments.
The Iranian Prehistoric Project
Authors: Braidwood Robert J. , Howe Bruce , Reed Charles A.
Published: October 2006

Many indications point toward the hill flanks of the Fertile Crescent in southwestern Asia as the scene of the earliest development of effective food production and a village-farming-community way of life, some 10,000 years ago or less. In its 1959-60 field season, with a staff made up of both cultural and natural historians, the Iranian Prehistoric Project reclaimed further evidence of this important transitional step in human history. This is a short interim report, based entirely on an in-the-field assessment of the materials.
Freezing-Out, a Safe Technique for Concentration of Dilute Solutions
Authors: Shapiro Joseph
Published: October 2006

The principle of freezing-out has been adapted for the quantitative concentration of small or large volumes of dilute solutions. Mechanical stirring is an essential part of the process. The method should prove of greatest value where volatile or heat-labile substances are to be concentrated and is applicable to solutions in certain organic solvents as well as to aqueous solutions.
Response of Condylar Growth Cartilage to Induced Stresses
Authors: Baume Louis J. , Derichsweiler Hans
Published: October 2006

The endochondral growth apparatus of the mandibular condyles, in contrast to epiphyseal plates of long bones, reacts positively to mechanical stimulation. Roentgenographic and histologic analyses of the joint structures of two experimental rhesus monkeys, when compared with untreated controls, showed obvious morphologic and structural transformations of the condylar heads as the result of the instituted treatment. Corollary differences were found in the ontogenetic and histogenetic pattern, as well as in the hormonal control, of these condylar growth centers.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Steroids and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Yang N. C. , Castro A. J. , Lewis M. , Wong Ting-Wa
Published: October 2006

In addition to the electronic factors, there is a steric factor responsible for the carcinogenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon must bear steric resemblance to steroids. One possible implication to this requirement for carcinogenicity is that these hydrocarbons may act on the same sites as steroid hormones.
"Conditioned" Alpha Desynchronization
Authors: Stern J. A. , Das K. C. , Anderson J. M. , Biddy R. L. , Surphlis W.
Published: October 2006

Results casting doubt on the reported findings of Wells and Wolff on conditioned alpha desynchronization are presented. The experimental findings indicate that these authors were most likely dealing with the phenomenon of adaptation to a complex stimulus. These results are compared to similar phenomena in the conditioning of the galvanic skin response.
Generalized Neocortical Responses and Corticospinal Neuron Activity
Authors: Purpura Dominick P. , Cohen Bernard , Marini Giovanni
Published: October 2006

Long-latency responses evoked by ipsilateral sciatic nerve and hippocampal-fornix stimulation in barbiturized cats are associated with activation of corticospinal neurons. Differences in latency and configuration of generalized responses and patterns of relayed corticospinal neuron discharges indicate that a variety of extrathalamic projections are involved in activation of Betz cells.
Antigen Disappearance in Hibernating Ground Squirrels
Authors: Jaroslow Bernard N. , Smith Douglas E.
Published: October 2006

The rate of antigen disappearance was studied in hibernating ground squirrels (
Citellus tridecemlineatus
) injected with I
131
-labeled bovine serum albumin. There was no detectable disappearance of antigen during 14 days of hibernation. The induction period, however, ended 5 days after arousal as compared to a 7-day induction period in nonhibernating ground squirrels.
Development of Needle Blight Symptoms on Rooted Cuttings from Diseased White Pine Trees
Authors: Linzon Samuel N.
Published: October 2006

A method of rooting cuttings from white pine trees is described. Approximately equal numbers of cuttings from diseased and healthy trees were rooted by this method. After the rooted cuttings were planted in the field, they were closely watched for root growth and the development of foliar injuries.
Diurnal Periodicity of Luminescence in Three Basidiomycetes
Authors: Berliner Martha D.
Published: October 2006

Evidence is presented showing that intensity of light emission in dikaryotic cultures of
Panus stipticus, Armillaria mellea,
and
Mycena polygramma
follows a diurnal pattern. The lowest values appear between 6 and 9 A.M. and the peak intensities occur between 6 and 9 P.M. This pattern is consistent regardless of whether the cultures are grown in total darkness, under constant illumination, or exposed to a normal day-night cycle.
Effect of Implanted Adult Corpora Allata on That of Host in Two Species of
Drosophila
Authors: Doane Winifred W.
Published: October 2006

Experiments to show the effect of implanted adult corpora allata on that of the host have given negative results in
Drosophila melanogaster
, while the presumed compensatory effect has been verified in
Drosophila virilis
. Reasons are presented which suggest that the nature of the latter effect should be further analyzed.
Metabolic Block in Utilization of Galactose by Strain L Tissue Culture Cells
Authors: Maio Joseph J. , Rickenberg H. V.
Published: October 2006

Evidence is presented which suggests that the utilization of galactose by mouse strain L-cells is blocked by the absence of epimerase activity in this strain.
Electrophoretic Analysis of the Serum Proteins of Neurological Mutations in Mice
Authors: Yoon Chai H.
Published: October 2006

The serum proteins of three neurological mutations, tremulous, quivering, and waddler, were studied. The albumin level rose while the globulin level, especially the level of alpha fraction, fell in tremulous mice, but the trend was reversed in quivering mice. In waddler mice the changes were observed only in females.
Erythrocyte Automosaicism in Some Persons of Known Genotype
Authors: Atwood K. C. , Pepper F. Jay
Published: October 2006

We have estimated the proportions of non-A and non-B erythrocytes in some members of four families in which both parents were blood group AB, including two B homozygotes. The exceptional cell frequencies were not discernibly correlated with age. The B homozygotes had fewer non-B exceptional cells than their AB parents or sibs, but too many to represent independent losses of the B alleles. These results are not in agreement with the simplest expectations based on the mutational hypothesis of automosaicism.
Functional Complementation of Yeast
ste6
by a Mammalian Multidrug Resistance
mdr
Gene
Authors: Raymond Martine , Gros Philippe , Whiteway Malcolm , Thomas David Y.
Published: October 2006

Multidrug resistance in mammalian tumor cells is associated with the overexpression of
mdr
genes encoding P-glycoproteins, which function as drug efflux pumps. A yeast homolog of
mdr
,
STE6
, mediates export of a-factor mating peptide. Yeast
MAT
a cells carrying a
ste6
deletion produce no extracellular a-factor and therefore are defective in mating. Expression of a complementary DNA for the mouse
mdr3
gene in a yeast
ste6
deletion strain restored ability to export a-factor and to mate. A mutation (a serine to phenylalanine substitution at amino acid 939) known to affect the activity of the
mdr3
gene product abolished its ability to complement the yeast
ste6
deletion. Thus, functions of P-glycoproteins in normal mammalian cells may include the transmembrane export of endogenous peptides.
All-Female Species of the Lizard Genus
Cnemidophorus
, Teiidae
Authors: Maslin T. Paul
Published: October 2006

Six species of lizards in the genus
Cnemidophorus,
Teiidae, have been found to be all-female or virtually all-female. The species are
C. costatus exsanguis
Lowe,
C. deppei cozumelus
Gadow,
C. inornatus
Baird (western population),
C. perplexus
Baird and Girard,
C. tessellatus
(Say), and
C. velox
Springer. It is hypothesized that the explanation of these virtually all-female populations is genetic.