bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Men’s Experiences of Engagement With General Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mursa Ruth , Patterson Christopher , McErlean Gemma , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

As males are less engaged with healthcare than females, they often present when a condition is more advanced, reducing the potential for early intervention. Little is known about why men are less engaged and what influences them to be more proactive. This study sought to explore men’s experiences of engagement with general practice.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive study was nested within a sequential mixed-methods project. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 male staff and volunteers of the New South Wales Rural Fire Service about their experiences, attitudes, and preferences for general practice engagement. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.

Results:

Five sub-themes emerged about men’s engagement with general practice. “Reasons for engagement” revealed motivations for seeking healthcare. “Seeking validation” explained how social influences impacted engagement. The “importance of relationships” highlighted the value men place on trust with the healthcare provider/team, and how this impacts engagement. “Interpersonal communication” addressed preferences for direct and authentic communication. Finally, “barriers to engagement” revealed the challenges in accessing care.

Conclusions:

Awareness of the barriers and facilitators to men’s engagement with general practice can inform strategies to improve care. This study suggests that health professionals play a crucial role in building therapeutic relationships with men and partnering with them in their healthcare journey to improve engagement and health outcomes.
Effects of Transverse Process Hook Fixation for Preventing Proximal Junctional Kyphosis/Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Multiple Regression Analysis Adjusting for Confounding Factors
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho , Kang Minwook , Jung Kyunghun , Lee Chong-Suh
Published: February 2025

Study design

Retrospective study.

Objectives

To investigate the effects of transverse process hook (TPH) at the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) + 1 on the prevention of proximal junctional kyphosis/failure (PJK/F) following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Methods

We included patients who underwent fusion of the lower thoracic spine (T8–T11) to the sacrum for ASD. The patients were divided into the non-TPH and TPH groups. PJK and PJF were defined as proximal junctional angle >20° and any cases requiring revision surgery. Multiple regression analysis was performed, including surgical techniques (non-use of TPH vs TPH) and confounding variables.

Results

Altogether, 153 patients were included in the study (women, 91.5%; mean age, 69.2 years; total levels fused, 8.5). The non-TPH and TPH groups comprised 88 and 65 patients. Unadjusted bivariate analysis showed that the TPH did not significantly affect the risk of PJK and PJF. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that the non-use of TPH was associated with an increased risk of developing PJK and PJF (odds ratio [OR] = 3.079, P = 0.029 for PJK; OR = 6.363, P = 0.049 for PJF). In patients who underwent TPH fixation, confounder-adjusted regression analysis showed that two-level TPH fixation did not further decrease the risk of PJK/F.

Conclusions

The preventive effect of TPH against PJK/F development was not significant in the unadjusted bivariate analysis. However, multiple regression analysis adjusted for the confounding factors demonstrated that TPH fixation at the UIV +1 significantly decreased the risk of PJK and PJF.
C3 as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a large cohort study in China
Authors: Shu Xuemei , Gao Xinjie , Dai Yujun , Wang Yuxiang , Liu Yiling , Wang Dawei , Guo Tao
Published: February 2025

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome. Complement component 3 (C3), a central effector molecule in three separate complement pathways, has been linked to inflammatory diseases. Hence, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of C3 in adult HLH. In this study, our retrospective cohort involved patients meeting ≥5 of 8 HLH-2004 criteria were classified as the HLH group (n=627), while those meeting <5 criteria were the partial HLH group (n=588). C3 was significantly lower in the HLH group compared to the partial HLH group (P<0.0001) and low C3 was an independent factor predicting progression from partial HLH to HLH (OR=3.94, P<0.001). Low C3 was associated with more severe cytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and liver dysfunction. Additionally, patients with low C3 had poorer overall survival (P=0.00099) and low C3 was an independent risk factor for early death in HLH (HR=1.64, P=0.019). The majority of HLH patients had normal C3 before HLH onset, followed by a decline after HLH development (P<0.0001). Moreover, survivors showed increasing C3 (P=0.0003), while non-survivors exhibited decreasing C3 (P=0.90). In conclusion, our study identified C3 as a valuable predictive and prognostic biomarker in adult HLH. Monitoring the dynamic changes in C3 levels may reflect therapeutic response and timely guide clinical interventions.
A foundation systematic review of natural language processing applied to gastroenterology & hepatology
Authors: Stammers Matthew , Ramgopal Balasubramanian , Owusu Nimako Abigail , Vyas Anand , Nouraei Reza , Metcalf Cheryl , Batchelor James , Shepherd Jonathan , Gwiggner Markus
Published: February 2025

Objective

This review assesses the progress of NLP in gastroenterology to date, grades the robustness of the methodology, exposes the field to a new generation of authors, and highlights opportunities for future research.

Design

Seven scholarly databases (ACM Digital Library, Arxiv, Embase, IEEE Explore, Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. Studies lacking a description of appropriate validation or NLP methods were excluded, as were studies ufinavailable in English, those focused on non-gastrointestinal diseases and those that were duplicates. Two independent reviewers extracted study information, clinical/algorithm details, and relevant outcome data. Methodological quality and bias risks were appraised using a checklist of quality indicators for NLP studies.

Results

Fifty-three studies were identified utilising NLP in endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver and pancreatic disease. Colonoscopy was the focus of 21 (38.9%) studies; 13 (24.1%) focused on liver disease, 7 (13.0%) on inflammatory bowel disease, 4 (7.4%) on gastroscopy, 4 (7.4%) on pancreatic disease and 2 (3.7%) on endoscopic sedation/ERCP and gastrointestinal bleeding. Only 30 (56.6%) of the studies reported patient demographics, and only 13 (24.5%) had a low risk of validation bias. Thirty-five (66%) studies mentioned generalisability, but only 5 (9.4%) mentioned explainability or shared code/models.

Conclusion

NLP can unlock substantial clinical information from free-text notes stored in EPRs and is already being used, particularly to interpret colonoscopy and radiology reports. However, the models we have thus far lack transparency, leading to duplication, bias, and doubts about generalisability. Therefore, greater clinical engagement, collaboration, and open sharing of appropriate datasets and code are needed.
Anti-inflammatory treatment using alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) does not alter osteoblasts differentiation and fracture healing
Authors: Graue Johanna , Timmen Melanie , Schmitz Katharina , Kronenberg Daniel , Böhm Markus , Sivaraj Kishor K. , Bixel M. Gabriele , Stange Richard
Published: February 2025

Background

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (α-MSH) has been identified as a new anti-inflammatory treatment compound in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. However, its direct effect on bone cell differentiation or on bone regeneration, which is an inflammatory process, too, has not been investigated, yet. Bone tissue is significantly affected in inflammatory joint diseases. Additionally, inflammatory signaling is essential -in bone regeneration during fracture healing. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of α-MSH-treatment on bone forming cells in an inflammatory setting in vitro and as a treatment approach in a murine fracture healing model in vivo.

Methods

The influence of α-MSH treatment and melanocortin-receptor expression patterns was investigated in vitro in the presence of either IL-1β or/and TNF-α as an inflammatory stimulus. Osteoblast cell function was evaluated by analyzing proliferation and mineralisation capacities. Using quantitative real time PCR, we analyzed mRNA expression of receptors. To explore the impact of α-MSH on bone regeneration in vivo, treatment with α-MSH or NaCl (control) was performed in a murine fracture-healing model using a closed femur fracture stabilized with an intramedullary implant (female, n = 6–8 mice per group).

Results

α-MSH-treatment did not impair either proliferation nor mineralisation of osteoblastic cells under native or inflammatory conditions (no significant differences found). All four melanocortin receptor-molecules were expressed in murine osteoblastic cells but in very limited amounts and this did not change upon treatment with inflammatory cytokines or α-MSH or both at the same time. Callus formation in fractured femurs of α-MSH-treated mice was slightly delayed at day 14 post fracture with regard to less cartilage formation (NaCl: 19.9%; α-MSH: 13.5%) and soft tissue remodeling (NaCl: 15.2%; α-MSH: 19.5%) but these results were not significantly different and fracture healing overall occurred in a regular way.

Conclusion

α-MSH has no negative impact on bone or bone-forming cells in native, inflammatory, or regenerative contexts. We can conclude from our results, that treatment of inflammatory diseases using α-MSH does not interfere significantly with bone regeneration in a murine fracture model and therefore treatment with α-MSH could be continued without negative effects on bone formation and bone regeneration in patients.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Introducing 3D printed models of fractures in osteology learning improves clinical reasoning skills among first-year medical students: a pilot study
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , D Souza Anne , Jyostna B. , Shetty Ashwija , Bhat Nandini
Published: February 2025

Background

The human bone anatomy is commonly taught using normal adult bones. However, students often face difficulties comprehending the clinical correlations related to fractures, as they only rely on text content or diagrams without three-dimensional visual aids. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using 3D-printed models of limb bone fractures in routine osteology classes to enhance the clinical reasoning skills of first-year medical undergraduate students.

Methodology

In this experimental study, 105 first-year medical undergraduate students were divided into intervention and control groups based on their pre-assigned serial numbers. The control group was taught using dry adult human bones, with the teacher explaining clinical correlations verbally. Meanwhile, in two sessions, the intervention group was taught using 3D-printed models of fractures in addition to real bones. At the end of the second session, students were evaluated for their clinical reasoning ability using a case-based MCQ test (maximum score 5). The scores were compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. Students of the intervention group were asked to rate their learning experience using a 10-point Likert Scale questionnaire.

Results

The intervention group scored significantly higher (2.54 ± 1.15) than the control group (2.04 ± 0.94) (p = 0.015). The maximum score for both groups was five, and the minimum was one. Most students agreed that the 3D-printed models helped them understand the fractures’ clinical relevance and provided better orientation to the bones, joints, and structures involved in fractures (92%, n = 46). The students expressed a desire for more similar types of sessions.

Conclusion

Incorporating 3D-printed models of fractures was a novel approach to help students comprehend the clinical correlations. This strategy improved students’ clinical reasoning skills in the intervention group, as evidenced by their higher scores and feedback. Therefore, 3D-printed models are a valuable addition to the traditional teaching methods of learning osteology.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis patients with interstitial lung disease: insights from a retrospective cohort
Authors: Ying Yanan , Wu Tingting , Wang Long , Zhang Yun , Yu Yiming , Deng Zaichun , Ding Qunli
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The diagnosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease (ADM-ILD) is challenging due to the lack of typical skin features and overlapping syndromes. We aimed to determine the characteristics and prognosis of patients with ADM-ILD to further guide their clinical management.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study comprising 190 Chinese patients diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) was conducted. Patients were stratified into four groups using the Sontheimer criteria and predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns. Demographic features, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, duration of ILD, and follow-up data were analysed.

Results

There were significant differences in the clinical parameters among the 190 patients with ILD in the amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM, n = 69) and control (n = 121) groups. The ADM with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) group (n = 46) presented increased haemoglobin (125.93 ± 12.91 g/L, p = 0.005), creatine kinase-MB (15.19 ± 8.58 U/L, p < 0.001), and partial pressure of oxygen (93.08 ± 26.20 mmHg, p = 0.003) levels and decreased β2-microglobulin (2.61 ± 1.21 mg/L, p = 0.039) levels compared to the control-NSIP group (n = 92). The ADM with organizing pneumonia (OP) group (n = 23) had a greater percentage of females (7/16, p = 0.023) and higher alanine aminotransferase (30.30 ± 20.67 U/L, p = 0.039) and aspartate aminotransferase (53.35 ± 65.86 U/L, p = 0.003) levels than the control-OP group (n = 29). Both the ADM-NSIP and OP groups presented elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (290.61 ± 86.49 U/L, p = 0.009; 317.35 ± 181.32 U/L, p = 0.003, respectively) and increased anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positivity rates (82.61%, p = 0.01; 73.91%, p < 0.001, respectively). Notably, 81.26% of patients with ADM-NSIP/OP had LDH levels above normal. The serum LDH levels could be used to distinguish patients with ADM-NSIP/OP (sensitivity: 73.91%, specificity: 82.64%). Survival was shorter among patients with ADM-OP than among control patients (p = 0.002). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.002), smoking status (p = 0.011), anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody (p = 0.017), and white blood cell count (p = 0.004) were independent predictors of shorter survival.

Conclusions

Elevated serum LDH levels in patients predominantly presenting with NSIP or OP patterns may indicate the presence of ADM-ILD. The identified prognostic factors underscore the importance of early detection and personalized management strategies for optimizing outcomes in patients with ADM-ILD.
TGF-β induces cholesterol accumulation to regulate the secretion of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Rodrigues-Junior Dorival Mendes , Tsirigoti Chrysoula , Psatha Konstantina , Kletsas Dimitris , Aivaliotis Michalis , Heldin Carl-Henrik , Moustakas Aristidis
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer cells are avid extracellular vesicle (EV) producers. EVs transport transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is commonly activated under late stages of cancer progression. Nevertheless, whether TGF-β signaling coordinates EV biogenesis is a relevant topic that remains minimally explored.

Method

We sought after specific TGF-β pathway mediators that could regulate EV release. To this end, we used a large number of cancer cell models, coupled to EV cell biological assays, unbiased proteomic and transcriptomic screens, followed by signaling and cancer biology analyses, including drug resistance assays.

Results

We report that TGF-β, by activating its type I receptor and MEK-ERK1/2 signaling, increased the numbers of EVs released by human cancer cells. Upon examining cholesterol as a mediator of EV biogenesis, we delineated a pathway whereby ERK1/2 acted by phosphorylating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 that transcriptionally induced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase expression, thus raising cholesterol abundance at both cellular and EV levels. Notably, inhibition of MEK or cholesterol synthesis, which impaired TGF-β-induced EV secretion, sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, proteomic profiling of two distinct EV populations revealed that EVs secreted by TGF-β-stimulated cells were either depleted or enriched for different sets of cargo proteins. Among these, latent-TGF-β1 present in the EVs was not affected by TGF-β signaling, while TGF-β pathway-related molecules (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP9) were either uniquely enriched on EVs or strongly enhanced after TGF-β stimulation. EV-associated latent-TGF-β1 activated SMAD signaling, even when EV uptake was blocked by heparin, indicating competent signaling capacity from target cell surface receptors. MMP inhibitor or proteinase treatment blocked EV-mediated SMAD signaling, suggesting that EVs require MMP activity to release the active TGF-β from its latent complex, a function also linked to the EV-mediated transfer of pro-migratory potential and ability of cancer cells to survive in the presence of cytotoxic drugs.

Conclusion

Hence, we delineated a novel signaling cascade that leads to high rates of EV generation by cancer cells in response to TGF-β, with cholesterol being a key intermediate step in this mechanism.

Graphical Abstract

• TGF-β increases EV release by activating a MEK-ERK1/2-SREBP2-DHCR7 signaling and transcriptional pathway.

• TGF-β-induced DHCR7 expression raises cholesterol abundance that promotes EV release.

• EVs carry surface latent TGF-β and MMP9 that can activate TGF-β receptor signaling on the surface of recipient cells.
Public health significance of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its role in the eco-epidemiology of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases in North America
Authors: Rochlin Ilia , Kenney Joan , Little Eliza , Molaei Goudarz
Published: February 2025

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a ubiquitous species in North America. Their high reproductive potential leads to rapid population growth, and they exhibit a wide range of biological adaptations that influence their interactions with vectors and pathogens. This review aims to characterize the intricate interplay between white-tailed deer and the transmission cycles of various tick- and mosquito-borne pathogens across their range in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The first part offers insights into the biological characteristics of white-tailed deer, their population dynamics, and the consequential impacts on both the environment and public health. This contextual backdrop sets the stage for the two subsequent sections, which delve into specific examples of pathogen transmission involving white-tailed deer categorized by tick and mosquito vectors into tick-borne and mosquito-borne diseases. This classification is essential, as ticks and mosquitoes serve as pivotal elements in the eco-epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, intricately linking hosts, the environment, and pathogens. Through elucidating these associations, this paper highlights the crucial role of white-tailed deer in the transmission dynamics of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases. Understanding the interactions between white-tailed deer, vectors, and pathogens is essential for effective disease management and public health interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Ecosystem carbon stock variation along forest stand ages: insight from eastern coast mangrove ecosystem of India
Authors: Panda Muktipada , Dash Bikash R. , Sahu Sudam C.
Published: February 2025

Background

The mangrove ecosystem has the highest carbon sink potential which significantly contributes to bringing carbon neutrality. Understanding the carbon stock dynamics along the age of forest stands in the mangrove forest ecosystem is of significance for managing the forests and their carbon accumulation. This study aimed to estimate the forest structural attributes, biomass and total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS) of old natural (age > 50 years) and young planted (age ~ 20 years) mangrove forest stands at Bichitrapur Mangrove Reserve Forest in eastern coast of India. We also attempted to understand the interrelationship of structural attributes, biomass and soil properties in the mangrove forests. To achieve the results, twenty random plots were established (size: 20 m × 25 m) and suitable allometric equations along with species-specific wood density values were used to estimate the biomass and carbon stock.

Results

Altogether, 29 plant species (18 exclusive and 11 associate species) were recorded. The mean total biomass (± SE) and soil organic carbon (at 30 cm depth) were 165.31 ± 20.89 t ha−1 and 40.20 ± 1.24 t C ha−1 for young stands, and 586.12 ± 56.74 t ha−1 and 49.68 ± 2.39 t C ha−1 for old stands, respectively. Among mangrove species, Avicennia marina contributed the highest vegetation biomass in both forest stands (59.72 t ha−1 and 262.28 t ha−1 in young and old stands, respectively), followed by Avicennia officinalis (35.05 t ha−1) and Sonneratia apetala (26.09 t ha−1) in young stand and Avicennia alba (169.28 t ha−1) and Avicennia officinalis (115.58 t ha−1) in old stand. The mean TECS was 235.62 ± 27.34 t C ha−1. The contribution of vegetation and soil to TECS was 63% and 37% in the young stand, whereas in the old stand it was 83% and 17%, respectively. The correlation analyses revealed that mean stand height (r = 0.87), basal area (r = 0.99), soil nitrogen (r = 0.76), potassium (r = 0.78), and carbon (r = 0.80) were significantly positively correlated with total biomass at p < 0.01.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that old mangrove forest stands store substantially high carbon stock than young planted forest stands, implying the role of forest age in determining the carbon storage potential of mangrove ecosystems.
On the reduction of imaging time-points for dosimetry in radionuclide therapy
Authors: Gustafsson Johan , Taprogge Jan
Published: February 2025

Background

The aim was to develop a theoretical framework for how errors in estimated activities propagate to a dispersion in time-integrated activity in radionuclide-therapy dosimetry and how this affects the comparison of radionuclide-therapy dosimetry schemes.

Methods

Formulae for the variance of relative errors of estimated time-integrated activities and relative differences in time-integrated activities between measurement schemes when one or more time-points are removed were derived using the law of propagation of uncertainty for a population of time-activity-curve parameters. The formulae were derived under the assumptions of fixed coefficients of variation for estimated activities, and underlying mono-exponential curves. Analytical predictions were compared with results from numerical simulations and data for kidneys, liver, and spleen from a data-set of 18 patients treated with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE.

Results

The dispersion in time-integrated activity is minimized if the time-points used for curve fitting have a large dispersion and are centered over the mean of

$$\tau ={\lambda }_{\text{eff}}^{-1}$$

τ
=

λ

eff

-
1

over the population, where

$${\lambda }_{\text{eff}}$$

λ
eff

is the effective decay constant (i.e., the sum of the biological and physical decay constants). For large dispersions of decay constants in the population, the centering of time-points becomes gradually less important. The analytical expressions replicated the main trends from the numerical simulations. Furthermore, the analytical expressions predicted correctly the optimal reduced imaging schedule in 9 of 12 pairwise comparisons between schedules for patients.

Conclusions

The dispersion of errors and deviations in estimated time-activity curves can be predicted using simple formulae. These formulae have the potential to be used for optimization of dosimetry measurement schemes for established and new radiopharmaceuticals as long as the mean and dispersion of biological half-lives are known in the patient population.
Quantum size effects and tailoring the electron energy levels in semiconductors: comparison study on AlxGa1-xAs and GaxIn1-xAs quantum wires
Authors: Abu-Assy M. K. , Mahmood Fatin Fadhel , El-Wahab Z. A.
Published: February 2025

The engineering of the architecture of the quantum wires has shown a real challenge in the scientific community owing to their fascinating and auspicious application potential in the field of optoelectronics. The modulation of the morphology and structure of the quantum wires may give rise to the modulation of the energy levels and band offset positions to enhance the charge carriers transfer through any electronic device and improve the overall performance for the future application in the field of spintronics and photonics. Here, we proposed, for the first time, a novel rectangular architecture based AlxGa1-xAs and GaxIn1-xAs quantum wires to engineer the electron energy spectrum according to a wide range of applications in electronics and optical devices. The electron energy levels in rectangular AlxGa1-xAs and GaxIn1-xAs quantum wires with infinite potential barrier were calculated at different x values and different cross-section areas to explore the role of dopant and compared with the cylindrical shape. The calculations of the electron confinement energy in the first and second energy levels indicate that the energy value in cylindrical quantum wire is less than its value in rectangular one while for E
3 the energy value in cylindrical quantum wire is larger than its value in rectangular one for all values of x. The confinement energy was found to be inversely proportional to the ratio of the doped material. The electron energy dispersion in Al

x

Ga

1-x

As and Ga

x

In

1-x

As quantum wires of 100 nm2 cross-section area, x = 0.4 for E

1
, E

2
and E

3
with the wave vector value has been investigated. The calculations of the first and second energy levels indicated that the energy value in cylindrical quantum wire is less than its value in rectangular one for E

1
and E

2
while for E
3 the energy value in cylindrical quantum wire is larger than its value in rectangular with a distinct value for each wave vector value for all x values. These unique features of the proposed novel architecture may open a new avenue for the future applications in photonics, spintronics and waveguides.
Can the new model of shared property rights promote better corporate financial performance in China?
Authors: Ma Zihao , Zhang Shuaishuai , Li Xiao , Guo Jiahong , Yang Lidan , Cao Shixiong
Published: February 2025

Scientific research and technological innovation are driving modern economies; however, a new form of property rights is required to compensate knowledge workers for their contributions. In 1994, the Science and Technology Bureau of Shenzhen, China implemented a policy to encourage scientists and engineers to develop innovative technologies that would provide them a share of the profits earned from their innovations. This created a new “shared property rights” system. China’s shared property model is so new that the conditions under which it can improve enterprise profits remain unclear. To answer this question, we obtained data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database for 904 Chinese enterprises that had implemented shared property rights for the first time between 2009 and 2021 and used a propensity score matching method and econometric models to evaluate their performance. The results indicated that shared property incentives improved corporate financial performance and that benefits increased gradually over time. The new approach showed a stronger positive effect than restricted stock options during the study period. The strength of the incentive was greater for core technical staff than for senior executives, suggesting that scientists, engineers, and computer programmers should be the targets of a shared property rights incentive program. To take full advantage of the new shared property rights institution, enterprise managers should set the implementation period at a reasonable length (5 to 10 years, based on our study results). Enterprises can also test two or more simultaneous approaches that account for the specific needs of each category of workers, based on a careful examination of their current situation and expected or desired future situations.
Understanding perception of the radiology community concerning virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology in radiology education
Authors: Paulson Suneet , Figueiredo Dwight , Matre Sushant
Published: February 2025

Background

Radiology education is crucial in developing the fundamental skills and knowledge for effectively interpreting medical images, planning interventions, and providing high-quality patient care. By incorporating immersive technologies like VR and AR, significant enhancements to preexisting radiology-based teaching and training simulations can enhance learning, visualization, and skill development in radiology. This paper explores four basic types of VR technology used in radiology education, which are non-immersive, semi-immersive, fully immersive, and augmented reality, and their applications. This review talks about the key applications of VR and AR to provide students with real-world training where students gain hands-on experience in a risk-free and controlled environment. Virtual radiography simulation can be used to practice and enhance patient positioning skills without getting exposed to any X-ray radiation. The VERT platform can be used to simulate radiography processes, including patient setup and dose planning. Furthermore, 3D VR simulation provides a detailed three-dimensional model of anatomical structures, enhancing learning. This review also focuses on the applications of AR, such as VIPER (virtual interactive patient education and radiotherapy) and ARTUR (augmented reality for radiographic training). While both VIPER and ARTUR are designed to improve learning and training in radiology, VIPER primarily focuses on patient education, offering a 3D visualization of the radiotherapy process, including treatment rooms, equipment, and patient anatomy. On the other hand, ARTUR is an application that utilizes holograms to provide a 3D image that students can manipulate to practice radiographic positioning.

Conclusions

Integrating VR and AR in radiology education can enhance qualities like learning, visualization, and skill development using interactive and risk-free simulations. Tools like VERT, 3D VR simulation, VIPER, and ARTUR provide users a sense of hands-on experience, transforming the traditional ways of teaching. This review talks in detail about the perception of learners and educators on VR and AR, along with the qualities and skills users can enhance using these technologies. The paper highlights key factors hindering the adoption of these technologies in radiology education.
von Willebrand factor polymorphism (rs1063856) as a risk factor for portal vein thrombosis in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Bedira Isis Samy , Hendy Olfat M. , Abdelaal Moones , Basuni Ashraf A. , Koshoo Asma Ebrahim Gaber , Alkhatib Alzhraa , Mandour Sally S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Due to its well-established involvement in clot formation, von Willebrand factor (vWF) has been held responsible for decades as a risk factor for arterio-venous thrombosis. It is currently unclear how genetic differences in vWF genes relate to the incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of vWF:Ag level and vWF gene polymorphism (rs1063856) as risk factors for PVT in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Subjects and methods

This research of 70 individuals with CLD comprised 30 without PVT and 40 with PVT. Twenty patients with PVT-linked hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 20 patients with non-HCC-PVT comprised the two subgroups from the 40 PVT patients. Additionally, 30 healthy volunteers of the same age and gender as the patients were included in the study as a control group. Tests for liver and renal function, coagulation profile, complete blood count, hepatitis virus markers, and vWF:Ag level were conducted. The identification of the vWF gene polymorphism (rs1063856) was assessed using real-time PCR.

Results

When comparing CLD patients with PVT to those without PVT and the healthy control group, there was a substantial rise in the vWF: Ag level. Additionally, compared to instances of benign PVT, the vWF:Ag levels were considerably greater in malignant PVT.

CLD patients with PVT had higher frequencies of the vWF (rs1063856) AA genotype and A alleles (37.5% and 61.3%, respectively) than did control and non-PVT cases. Patients with the AA genotype showed the highest serum levels of vWF antigen, followed by those with the TA genotype.

Conclusion

vWF (rs1063856) AA gene polymorphism has a strong correlation with vWF plasma level and may be a risk factor for PVT development in CLD patients. These findings should be included in the risk assessment model to determine and guide management for those patients.
Gemcitabine combined with baicalein exerts antiviral activity against PEDV by inhibiting the entry and replication phases
Authors: Zheng Yingge , Zhang Yanfei , Xiong Fangying , Luo Dehua , Wang Yuxiang , Zhang Yijia , Wei Dengguo
Published: February 2025

Cocktail therapy significantly reduces the development of resistance to individual medications due to viral mutations. However, for effective inhibition of a particular virus, a customized approach to combination pharmacotherapy may be essential. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the Coronaviridae family, whose genome consists of a single strand of positive-sense RNA and has evolved into multiple epidemic lineages with no available drugs in clinical practice. In this study, we found that the nucleoside analog gemcitabine decreased the titer of PEDV, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 3.12 μM, thereby inhibiting viral replication. The natural product baicalein acts by targeting the early entry stage and directly inactivates the virus, with an EC50 of 5.02 μM. A notable synergistic effect was observed with the combination of 1 μM gemcitabine and 1.5 μM baicalein. This study demonstrated that the strategic use of a drug combination targeting both the replication and entry phases of the PEDV lifecycle can effectively inhibit viral proliferation.
Self-Testing and Follow-Through of Learning Strategies Supports Student Success
Authors: Hazlett Zachary S. , Jimenez P. Citlally , Knight Jennifer K.
Published: February 2025

Students' self-reported study strategies and actual use of the strategy of self-testing were measured. We demonstrate that higher use of self-testing predicts higher performance, and both follow through and accuracy of reporting positively correlates with performance.
Three-dimensional inversion algorithm of magnetotelluric data based on solution space dimensionality reduction technique
Authors: Hu Xiangyun , Bai Ningbo , Han Bo , Peng Ronghua , Zhou Junjun , Zhu Dan , Huang Guoshu
Published: February 2025

The magnetotelluric (MT) method is highly advantageous in geothermal resource exploration because of its deep probing capability, low cost, and sensitivity to key geothermal system elements such as heat sources, reservoirs, and caprocks. To address the challenge of balancing the MT inversion resolution and computational efficiency, we propose a GaussNewton optimization inversion algorithm based on the solution space dimensionality reduction technique. This algorithm uses solution space dimensionality reduction to establish algebraic mapping relationships between the edges of grid cells, effectively reducing the degrees of freedom in the linear equation system required for forward and pseudo-forward modeling, thereby saving computational costs. In addition, during the inversion process, a multiple right-hand directiterative hybrid solver is employed to solve the dimensionally reduced linear equation s, further enhancing the computational efficiency of the inversion. We then validate and analyze the accuracy and efficiency of the forward and inversion algorithms using various synthetic models. Finally, we apply this inversion strategy to field MT data from the Dabie Mountain geothermal area in eastern China. On the basis of the inversion results, we then analyze the thermal genesis model of the region, providing technical support for the exploration and development of deep geothermal resources.
An Improved Parametric 3D Geological Modeling Framework for Seismic Structure Identification Using Deep Learning in Complex Geological Settings
Authors: Lin Lei , Li Chenglong , Wei Hao , Zhong Zhi , Wang Xuyu , Li Qianyi , Gorman Andrew
Published: February 2025

Identifying geological structures from seismic images is critical in understanding the Earth's evolutionary history, assessing geological disasters, and predicting resource distribution. Researchers have used synthetic seismic data with structure labels generated by numerical simulation to train deep learning models to avoid the extensive effort and resources required to manually label seismic data. However, most existing studies are task-oriented and often simplify or even ignore some common and important geological features during the simulation process, which limits the performance of the trained model on real datasets. To further improve the generality and flexibility of deep learning models for structure identification on datasets with complex structural features, we propose an improved parametric 3D structure modeling framework for numerical simulation of synthetic seismic data that include dip, fold, unconformity, channel, cave, salt body, and composite fault structure. Moreover, we revise some simulation solutions to make the simulated geological structures better resemble the real ones. To the best of our knowledge, our synthetic seismic dataset has the richest structural features to date. The results of comparative experiments on multiple synthetic and field datasets reveal that a deep learning model trained on datasets with limited geological features is prone to learn biased representations, which causes the model to misclassify unseen geological structures with similar seismic responses to the target structure. On the contrary, the same deep learning model trained on the proposed dataset provides significantly reduced false predictions of structures with similar seismic responses and improves the identification accuracy of datasets with complex geological features. Although this study only takes fault and channel identification as case studies, the proposed synthetic seismic dataset can be easily adapted to identify other seismic structures.
Multiattribute analytics of polka-dot anomalies in the Yeongil Bay, South Korea
Authors: Lee Min Je , Ha Jiho , Shin Jungkyun , Kim Gi-Bom , Cho Yongchae
Published: February 2025

The shallow region of a three-dimensional seismic dataset acquired in Yeongil Bay, Pohang exhibits various interesting features. In particular, the region exhibits bright circular seismic amplitude anomalies. These anomalies are located in a topographic low of the seismic data surrounding the structural high from the northern, southern, and eastern ends. The anomalies are confined to a temporal region of the seismic data and exhibit a concave-down appearance when viewed in cross-section. Although such bright seismic amplitudes can often be a direct indicator of hydrocarbon presence, to avoid misinterpreting this feature, multiattribute analyses are applied to the data. The abnormal structural characteristics are further examined by applying a geometric attribute analysis to emphasize the coherency of the signals within the region of anomaly distribution. We also apply a physical attribute analysis to determine that these anomalies can result from the changes in lithology, most likely a sandy formation, which can be inferred from a stratigraphic analysis of the Pohang Basin. Recent findings suggest the possibility of hydrocarbon presence in the study region, but we cannot rule out other possibilities without well-log data to specify the physical characteristics.
Improving Individualized Rhabdomyosarcoma Prognosis Predictions Using Somatic Molecular Biomarkers
Authors: Zobeck Mark , Khan Javed , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Okcu M. Fatih , Scheurer Michael E. , Lupo Philip J.
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

Molecular markers increasingly influence risk-stratified treatment selection for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). This study aims to integrate molecular and clinical data to produce individualized prognosis predictions that can further improve treatment selection.

METHODS

Clinical variables and somatic mutation data for 20 genes from 641 patients with RMS in the United Kingdom and the United States were used to develop three Cox proportional hazard models for predicting event-free survival (EFS). The Baseline Clinical (BC) model included treatment location, age, fusion status, and risk group. The Gene Enhanced 2 (GE2) model added
TP53
and
MYOD1
mutations to the BC predictors. The Gene Enhanced 6 (GE6) model further included
NF1
,
MET
,
CDKN2A
, and
MYCN
mutations, selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Model performance was assessed using likelihood ratio tests and optimism-adjusted, bootstrapped validation and calibration metrics.

RESULTS

The GE6 model demonstrated superior predictive performance compared with the BC model (
P
< .001) and GE2 model (
P
< .001). The GE6 model achieved the highest discrimination with a time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.766. Mutations in
TP53
,
MYOD1
,
CDKN2A
,
MET
, and
MYCN
were associated with higher hazards, while NF1 mutation correlated with lower hazard. Individual prognosis predictions varied between models in ways that may suggest different treatments for the same patient. For example, the 5-year EFS for a 10-year-old patient with high-risk, fusion-negative,
NF1
-positive disease was 50.0% (95% CI, 39 to 64) from BC but 76% (64 to 90) from GE6.

CONCLUSION

Incorporating molecular markers into RMS prognosis models improves prognosis predictions. Individualized prognosis predictions may suggest alternative treatment regimens compared with traditional risk-classification schemas. Improved clinical variables and external validation are required before implementing these models into clinical practice.
Correlation of TgAb With Clinicopathological Features and Unfavorable Efficacy of 131I Ablation in PTC
Authors: Xu Xiang , Zhang Chunling , Wang Guoqiang , Dong Bingzi , Guo Yanjun , Xing Baodi , Zhao Wenjuan , Wang Yangang , Gong Kun
Published: February 2025

Context

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant thyroid cancer. Several clinicopathological features may affect therapeutic efficacy.

Objective

To analyze the relationship between thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) with clinicopathological features and efficacy of 131I ablation in PTC patients.

Methods

A total of 548 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and subsequent 131I ablation were enrolled. The clinicopathological features between TgAb-positive and TgAb-negative groups were compared. The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors affecting the efficacy of 131I ablation were analyzed.

Results

A total of 157 cases (28.65%) were in the preoperative TgAb-positive group and 391 cases (71.35%) were in the TgAb-negative group. The TgAb-positive group was younger and had a higher proportion of females, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity, multiple foci, coexistence of PTC, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and increased TSH; they had reduced FT4 and FT3, and reduced BRAF positivity (all P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation between TgAb positivity and multifocality (P < .05). Compared with the noneffective group (88 cases, 16.06%), the effective group (460 cases, 84.94%) had a reduced proportion of TgAb positivity and multifocality, a shorter time interval between surgery and subsequent 131I ablation, and a lower proportion of initial 131I ablation dosage > 100 mCi (all P < .05). Logistic regression showed that TgAb positivity, longer time interval between surgery and subsequent 131I ablation, and initial 131I ablation dosage > 100 mCi were positively correlated with nonefficacy of 131I ablation (odds ratios 2.248, 1.012, and 3.128, respectively; P < .05).

Conclusion

TgAb positivity is associated with increased risk of multiple foci and unfavorable efficacy of 131I ablation in PTC.
Glycogen synthase is required for heat shock-mediated autophagy induction in neuronal cells
Authors: Bhadauriya Pratibha , Onkar Akanksha , Nagarajan Kamali , Angamuthu Karuppusamy Kavikumar , Ganesh Subramaniam , Agarwal Saloni
Published: February 2025

Autophagy is an essential cellular process that facilitates the degradation of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and promote cell survival. Recent studies have indicated a direct role for glycogen synthase (GS) in activating neuronal autophagy and in conferring protection against cytotoxic misfolded proteins. Since heat shock induces protein misfolding and autophagy is an essential component of the heat shock response that clears the misfolded proteins, we looked at the possible role of GS in heat shock response pathways in neuronal cells. We demonstrate an increase in the activity and level of GS and a concomitant increase in the glycogen level during the heat shock and post-heat shock recovery period. These changes had a direct correlation with autophagy induction. We further demonstrate that heat shock transcription factor 1 regulates the level and activation of GS during heat shock and that GS is essential for the induction of autophagy during heat stress in neuronal cells. Intriguingly, the partial knock-down of GS led to increased death due to heat shock in neuronal cells and Drosophila. Our study offers a novel insight into the role of GS and glycogen metabolic pathways in heat shock response in neuronal cells.
From early development to maturity: a phenotypic analysis of the Townes sickle cell disease mice
Authors: Illa Ariadna Carol , Hvid Henning , Elm Torben , Frederiksen Christa Andsbjerg , Bangshof Lonnie Frimodt , Danielsen Dennis Funch , Skov Søren , Dan Ley Carsten
Published: February 2025

Well-characterised mouse models of disease may provide valuable insights into pathophysiology. This study characterises the Townes mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD) and establishes a time window in which the disease is present but does not progress significantly in terms of severity. We examined Townes mice with the HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS genotypes from young (4 weeks) to mature (5 months) stages of life to assess the disease state at different ages and any progression. We conducted blood tests, histological organ damage evaluations, and metabolic assessments to identify a suitable time frame for study based on welfare considerations. Townes HbSS mice displayed key SCD features such as anaemia, haemolysis, thromboinflammation and organ pathology. Notably, these manifestations remained relatively stable over the study period, indicating a stable phase suitable for conducting intervention studies. Mice with HbAS and HbAA genotypes served as comparative controls, showing minimal to no pathology throughout. These findings are valuable for future research on SCD and may ultimately lead to the development of more effective treatments for this debilitating disease.