bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Statin Use and Survival with Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jeon Christie Y. , Goodman Marc T. , Cook-Wiens Galen , Sundaram Vinay
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Limited clinical and epidemiologic data suggest that statins may improve the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has poor prognosis.

Methods: We identified 1,036 stage I or II HCC patients, diagnosed between 2007 and 2009, through the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and Medicare claims database. Of these, 363 patients were using statin either at the time of their HCC diagnosis or afterwards. We conducted multivariable Cox regression analysis to estimate the time-dependent effect of statin on survival. The analysis included age, sex, resection, transarterial chemoembolization, transplantation, cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hepatitis B and C.

Results: Over a median follow-up time of 21 months, 584 HCC patients died. Statin users had a longer median survival compared with nonusers: 23.9 versus 18.9 months (P = 0.047). However, after accounting for immortal time bias and confounding, statin use was not associated with survival (HR, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.20). The associations did not vary by hepatitis C or intensity of statin use.

Conclusion: Statin treatment after HCC diagnosis was not associated with survival in elderly patients with stage I/II disease.

Impact: Our study of nationally representative elderly patients with stage I or II HCC in the United States shows that statin treatment does not improve survival with liver cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 686–92. ©2016 AACR.
Data from Selenium- or Vitamin E–Related Gene Variants, Interaction with Supplementation, and Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in SELECT
Authors: Chan June M. , Darke Amy K. , Penney Kathryn L. , Tangen Catherine M. , Goodman Phyllis J. , Lee Gwo-Shu Mary , Sun Tong , Peisch Sam , Tinianow Alex M. , Rae James M. , Klein Eric A. , Thompson Ian M. , Kantoff Philip W. , Mucci Lorelei A.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies and secondary analyses of randomized trials supported the hypothesis that selenium and vitamin E lower prostate cancer risk. However, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed no benefit of either supplement. Genetic variants involved in selenium or vitamin E metabolism or transport may underlie the complex associations of selenium and vitamin E.

Methods: We undertook a case–cohort study of SELECT participants randomized to placebo, selenium, or vitamin E. The subcohort included 1,434 men; our primary outcome was high-grade prostate cancer (N = 278 cases, Gleason 7 or higher cancer). We used weighted Cox regression to examine the association between SNPs and high-grade prostate cancer risk. To assess effect modification, we created interaction terms between randomization arm and genotype and calculated log likelihood statistics.

Results: We noted statistically significant (P < 0.05) interactions between selenium assignment, SNPs in CAT, SOD2, PRDX6, SOD3, and TXNRD2, and high-grade prostate cancer risk. Statistically significant SNPs that modified the association of vitamin E assignment and high-grade prostate cancer included SEC14L2, SOD1, and TTPA. In the placebo arm, several SNPs, hypothesized to interact with supplement assignment and risk of high-grade prostate cancer, were also directly associated with outcome.

Conclusion: Variants in selenium and vitamin E metabolism/transport genes may influence risk of overall and high-grade prostate cancer, and may modify an individual man's response to vitamin E or selenium supplementation with regards to these risks.

Impact: The effect of selenium or vitamin E supplementation on high-grade prostate cancer risk may vary by genotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1050–8. ©2016 AACR.
Data from The Role of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Other Factors during Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hazelton William D. , Curtius Kit , Inadomi John M. , Vaughan Thomas L. , Meza Rafael , Rubenstein Joel H. , Hur Chin , Luebeck E. Georg
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: U.S. esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence increased over 5-fold between 1975 and 2009. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (sGERD) elevates the risk for EAC. However, a simple calculation suggests that changes in sGERD prevalence can explain at most approximately 16% of this trend. Importantly, a mechanistic understanding of the influence of sGERD and other factors (OF) on EAC is lacking.

Methods: A multiscale model was developed to estimate temporal trends for sGERD and OF, and their mechanistic role during carcinogenesis. Model calibration was to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) incidence and age-dependent sGERD data using maximum likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.

Results: Among men, 77.8% [95% credibility interval (CI), 64.9%–85.6%] of the incidence trend is attributable to OF, 13.4% (95% CI, 11.4%–17.3%) to sGERD, and 8.8% (95% CI, 4.2%–13.7%) to sGERD–OF interactions. Among women, 32.6% (95% CI, 27.0%–39.9%) of the trend is attributable to OF, 13.6% (95% CI, 12.5%–15.9%) to sGERD, and 47.4% (95% CI, 30.7%–64.6%) to interactions. The predicted trends were compared with historical trends for obesity, smoking, and proton pump inhibitor use. Interestingly, predicted OF cohort trends correlated most highly with median body mass index (BMI) at age 50 (r = 0.988 for men; r = 0.998 for women).

Conclusions: sGERD and OF mechanistically increase premalignant cell promotion, which increases EAC risk exponentially with exposure duration.

Impact: Surveillance should target individuals with long-duration sGERD and OF exposures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1012–23. ©2015 AACR.
Data from Carnitine and Cardiac Dysfunction in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated with Anthracyclines
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Gelehrter Sarah K. , Vase Tabitha , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Landier Wendy , Wilson Karla D. , Herrera Claudia , Reichman Leah , Menteer John-David , Mascarenhas Leo , Freyer David R. , Venkataraman Kalyanasundaram , Bhatia Smita
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk of developing congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with the general population, and there is a dose-dependent increase in CHF risk by anthracycline dose. The mechanism by which this occurs has not been fully elucidated. Metabolomics, the comprehensive profile of small-molecule metabolites, has the potential to provide insight into the pathogenesis of disease states and discover diagnostic markers for therapeutic targets. We performed echocardiographic testing and blood plasma metabolomic analyses (8 pathways; 354 metabolites) in 150 asymptomatic childhood cancer survivors previously treated with anthracyclines. Median time from cancer diagnosis to study participation was 12.4 years (2.6–37.9 years); 64% were treated for a hematologic malignancy; median anthracycline dose was 350 mg/m2 (25–642 mg/m2). Thirty-five (23%) participants had cardiac dysfunction—defined as left ventricular end-systolic wall stress >2SD by echocardiogram. Plasma levels of 15 compounds in three metabolic pathways (carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism) were significantly different between individuals with cardiac dysfunction and those with normal systolic function. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, individuals with cardiac dysfunction had significantly lower plasma carnitine levels [relative ratio (RR), 0.89; P < 0.01] in relation to those with normal systolic function. These findings may facilitate the development of primary prevention (treatment of carnitine deficiency before/during anthracycline administration) and secondary prevention strategies (screening and treatment in long-term survivors) in patients at highest risk for CHF. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1109–14. ©2014 AACR.
Data from Assessment of Multifactor Gene–Environment Interactions and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Candidate Genes, Obesity, and Hormone-Related Risk Factors
Authors: Usset Joseph L. , Raghavan Rama , Tyrer Jonathan P. , McGuire Valerie , Sieh Weiva , Webb Penelope , Chang-Claude Jenny , Rudolph Anja , Anton-Culver Hoda , Berchuck Andrew , Brinton Louise , Cunningham Julie M. , DeFazio Anna , Doherty Jennifer A. , Edwards Robert P. , Gayther Simon A. , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Goodman Marc T. , Høgdall Estrid , Jensen Allan , Johnatty Sharon E. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Kjaer Susanne K. , Larson Melissa C. , Lurie Galina , Massuger Leon , Menon Usha , Modugno Francesmary , Moysich Kirsten B. , Ness Roberta B. , Pike Malcolm C. , Ramus Susan J. , Rossing Mary Anne , Rothstein Joseph , Song Honglin , Thompson Pamela J. , van den Berg David J. , Vierkant Robert A. , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Wentzensen Nicolas , Whittemore Alice S. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Wu Anna H. , Yang Hannah , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Pharoah Paul , Goode Ellen L. , Fridley Brooke L.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Many epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk factors relate to hormone exposure and elevated estrogen levels are associated with obesity in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we hypothesized that gene–environment interactions related to hormone-related risk factors could differ between obese and non-obese women.

Methods: We considered interactions between 11,441 SNPs within 80 candidate genes related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism and insulin-like growth factors with six hormone-related factors (oral contraceptive use, parity, endometriosis, tubal ligation, hormone replacement therapy, and estrogen use) and assessed whether these interactions differed between obese and non-obese women. Interactions were assessed using logistic regression models and data from 14 case–control studies (6,247 cases; 10,379 controls). Histotype-specific analyses were also completed.

Results: SNPs in the following candidate genes showed notable interaction: IGF1R (rs41497346, estrogen plus progesterone hormone therapy, histology = all, P = 4.9 × 10−6) and ESR1 (rs12661437, endometriosis, histology = all, P = 1.5 × 10−5). The most notable obesity–gene–hormone risk factor interaction was within INSR (rs113759408, parity, histology = endometrioid, P = 8.8 × 10−6).

Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of assessing multifactor interactions in large genetic epidemiology studies. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the robustness of our findings for ESR1, CYP11A1, IGF1R, CYP11B1, INSR, and IGFBP2. Future work is needed to develop powerful statistical methods able to detect these complex interactions.

Impact: Assessment of multifactor interaction is feasible, and, here, suggests that the relationship between genetic variants within candidate genes and hormone-related risk factors may vary EOC susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 780–90. ©2016 AACR.
Data from Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Paulus Jessica K. , Williams Christina D. , Cossor Furha I. , Kelley Michael J. , Martell Robert E.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Metformin has been associated with improved colorectal cancer survival, but investigations are limited by small numbers of patients and confounding by diabetic severity. We examined the association between metformin use and overall survival (OS) in patients with diabetes and colorectal cancer in a large population of U.S. veterans, while adjusting for measures of diabetic severity.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from January 2001 to December 2008 were identified from the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry. Multivariable models were used to examine the adjusted association of OS with diabetes and use of antidiabetic medications.

Results: There were 21,352 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer identified (n = 16,355 nondiabetic patients, n = 2,038 diabetic patients on metformin, n = 2,136 diabetic patients on medications other than metformin, n = 823 diabetic patients not on antidiabetic medication). Diabetic patients had a significantly worse OS than nondiabetic patients, but metformin users had only a 10% increase in death (HRadj 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.17, P = 0.004), as compared with 22% for users of other antidiabetic medications (HRadj 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15–1.29, P < 0.0001). Among colorectal cancer patients with diabetes, metformin users had a 13% improved OS versus patients taking other antidiabetic medications (HRadj 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.95, P = 0.003), while diabetic patients not on any antidiabetic medications did not differ with respect to OS (HRadj 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90–1.15, P = 0.76).

Conclusions: Among diabetics with colorectal cancer, metformin use is associated with improved survival, despite adjustments for diabetes severity and other risk factors.

Impact: These data lend further support to the conduct of randomized studies of possible anticancer effects of metformin among patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(10); 1418–25. ©2016 AACR.
Data from Aberrant Vimentin Methylation Is Characteristic of Upper Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Authors: Moinova Helen , Leidner Rom S. , Ravi Lakshmeswari , Lutterbaugh James , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Chen Yanwen , Chak Amitabh , Markowitz Sanford D. , Willis Joseph E.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: We have previously established aberrant DNA methylation of vimentin exon-1 (VIM methylation) as a common epigenetic event in colon cancer and as a biomarker for detecting colon neoplasia. We now examine vimentin methylation in neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Methods: Using a quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR assay, we tested for vimentin methylation in archival specimens of esophageal and gastric neoplasia.

Results: We find that acquisition of aberrant vimentin methylation is highly common in these neoplasms, but largely absent in controls. The highest frequency of vimentin methylation was detected in lesions of the distal esophagus, including 91% of Barrett's esophagus (n = 11), 100% of high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 5), and 81% of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, n = 26) but absent in controls (n = 9). Vimentin methylation similarly was detected in 87% of signet ring (n = 15) and 53% of intestinal type gastric cancers (n = 17). Moreover, in tests of cytology brushings vimentin methylation proved detectable in 100% of Barrett's esophagus cases (n = 7), 100% of HGD cases (n = 4), and 83% of EAC cases (n = 18) but was absent in all controls (n = 5).

Conclusions: These findings establish aberrant vimentin methylation as a highly common epigenetic alteration in neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract and show that Barrett's esophagus, even without dysplasia, already contains epigenetic alterations characteristic of adenocarcinoma.

Impact: These findings suggest vimentin methylation as a biomarker of upper gastrointestinal neoplasia with potential for development as molecular cytology in esophageal screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 594–600. ©2012 AACR.
Data from Impact of the AYA HOPE Comorbidity Index on Assessing Health Care Service Needs and Health Status among Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
Authors: Wu Xiao-Cheng , Prasad Pinki K. , Landry Ian , Harlan Linda C. , Parsons Helen M. , Lynch Charles F. , Smith Ashley W. , Hamilton Ann S. , Keegan Theresa H.M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Existing comorbidity indices were not developed for adolescent and young adults (AYA) 15 to 39 years of age. The aim of this study was to assess impact of comorbidities on health care service needs and health status among AYA cancer survivors using the newly developed AYA HOPE comorbidity index in comparison with the existing indices.

Methods: Data on comorbid conditions were obtained from medical records and service needs and health status were from a survey of AYA cancer survivors. Prevalence of comorbidities was based on the AYA HOPE index. Charlson and NCI indices were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used.

Results: Of the 485 patients, 14.6% had ≥2 comorbidities based on the AYA HOPE Index. Prevalence of mental illness and obesity/overweight, which were not included in existing indices, were 8.2% and 5.8%, respectively. Prevalence of cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and neurologic conditions were higher with the AYA HOPE Index than the other two indices. Forty percent of AYA patients reported service needs, particularly for mental health services (25.2%) and support groups (17.7%). Having ≥2 comorbidities on the AYA index was associated with higher mental health service needs [OR, 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–3.82] adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Comorbidities were associated with fair/poor self-reported health status.

Conclusion: The AYA HOPE Index is a more comprehensive comorbidity index for AYA cancer patients than existing indices, and the number of comorbidities is associated with service needs and health status.

Impact: The AYA HOPE index could identify patients' additional service needs early in therapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1844–9. ©2015 AACR.
Data from Self-sample HPV Tests As an Intervention for Nonattendees of Cervical Cancer Screening in Finland: a Randomized Trial
Authors: Virtanen Anni , Nieminen Pekka , Luostarinen Tapio , Anttila Ahti
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Attendance in screening is an important determinant of cervical cancer. Previous experience on high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA testing on patient-obtained samples suggests a good effect among nonattendees of screening. We assessed the effects of self-sampling on attendance in the Finnish screening program.

Methods: Nonattendees after the primary invitation in one municipality (Espoo) were randomized to receive either a self-sampling kit (2,397 women) or an extra invitation (6,302 women). One fourth (1,315 women) of reminder letter arm nonattendees also received a self-sampling kit as a third intervention. Main outcomes were increases in screening attendance and coverage.

Results: The adjusted relative risk for participation by self-sampling as a second intervention in comparison to a reminder letter arm was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13–1.30). Total attendance increased from 65% to 76% by self-sampling and from 65% to 74% with a reminder letter. Combining the interventions (reminder letter and then self-sampling) increased total attendance from 63% to 78%. One fifth of the participants in all three groups increased screening coverage (previous Pap smear ≥5 years ago or never). Self-obtained samples were more often HPV positive than provider-obtained ones (participants after primary invitation and reminder letter), 12% to 13% versus 7%.

Conclusions: Self-sampling is a feasible option in enhancing the attendance at organized screening, particularly as an addition to a reminder letter.

Impact: If self-sampling is used as a third intervention after two written invitations, the overall attendance in Finland could most likely reach the desired 80% to 85%. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1960–9. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Risk—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Chan Doris S.M. , Bandera Elisa V. , Greenwood Darren C. , Norat Teresa
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the association between circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), a low-grade inflammation biomarker, and breast cancer risk. Relevant prospective studies in women were identified in PubMed and Web of Science until February 2015. Random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was conducted, overall and in postmenopausal women. Twelve out of 15 studies identified were included in the meta-analysis on any breast cancers (3,522 cases; 69,610 women) and nine on postmenopausal breast cancer (2,516 cases; 36,847 women). For each doubling of CRP concentration, a 7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2%–12%] and 6% (95% CI, 1%–11%) increased risk was observed (I2 = 47% and 32%; Pheterogeneity = 0.04 and 0.17), respectively. The association was linear over most of the range of CRP concentrations. Positive associations remained in the studies that examined the exclusion of early years of follow-up. Associations were attenuated in studies adjusted for lifestyle factors, which partly explained the significant heterogeneity between studies in the overall analysis. On average, the associations in studies adjusted or not adjusted for body mass index were similar. Low-grade inflammation may have a role in breast cancer development. Additional prospective studies are needed to better understand confounding and effect modification from lifestyle factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1439–49. ©2015 AACR.
Data from A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Tailored Navigation and a Standard Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Myers Ronald E. , Bittner-Fagan Heather , Daskalakis Constantine , Sifri Randa , Vernon Sally W. , Cocroft James , DiCarlo Melissa , Katurakes Nora , Andrel Jocelyn
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: This randomized, controlled trial assessed the impact of a tailored navigation intervention versus a standard mailed intervention on colorectal cancer screening adherence and screening decision stage (SDS).

Methods: Primary care patients (n = 945) were surveyed and randomized to a Tailored Navigation Intervention (TNI) Group (n = 312), Standard Intervention (SI) Group (n = 316), or usual care Control Group (n = 317). TNI Group participants were sent colonoscopy instructions and/or stool blood tests according to reported test preference, and received a navigation call. The SI Group was sent both colonoscopy instructions and stool blood tests. Multivariable analyses assessed intervention impact on adherence and change in SDS at 6 months.

Results: The primary outcome, screening adherence (TNI Group: 38%, SI Group: 33%, Control Group: 12%), was higher for intervention recipients than controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but the two intervention groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.201). Positive SDS change (TNI Group: +45%, SI Group: +37%, and Control Group: +23%) was significantly greater among intervention recipients than controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and the intervention group difference approached significance (P = 0.053). Secondary analyses indicate that tailored navigation boosted preferred test use, and suggest that intervention impact on adherence and SDS was attenuated by limited access to screening options.

Conclusions: Both interventions had significant, positive effects on outcomes compared with usual care. TNI versus SI impact had a modest positive impact on adherence and a pronounced effect on SDS.

Impact: Mailed screening tests can boost adherence. Research is needed to determine how preference, access, and navigation affect screening outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 109–17. ©2012 AACR.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Adjuvant therapy with oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX after intratumoral adoptive T-cell therapy promotes antigen spread to sustain systemic antitumor immunity
Authors: Jiang Hong , Shin Dong Ho , Yi Yanhua , Fan Xuejun , Gumin Joy , He Jiasen , Gillard Andrew G. , Lang Frederick F. , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Fueyo Juan
Published: March 2023

Frequency of adoptive pmel-1 T-cells (A) or endogenous OVA-specific CTLs (B) in CD8+ leukocytes from treated (Tumor 1) and untreated (Tumor 2) s.c. tumors. Leukocytes from the tumors in the treatment groups as depicted in Fig. 3A were profiled with flow cytometry. Thy1.1+ or OVA-Tet+ CD8+ T-cells were gated as pmel-1 T-cells or OVA-specific CTLs respectively. Shown are represent dot plots of flow cytometry. Leukocytes were from grouped tissue (4 to 7 mice/group) and processed in triplicate. The numbers in the upright corner of the dot plots indicate percentage of CD8+ leukocytes. RGDOX: Delta-24-RGDOX; T cells: pmel-1 T-cells.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Adjuvant therapy with oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX after intratumoral adoptive T-cell therapy promotes antigen spread to sustain systemic antitumor immunity
Authors: Jiang Hong , Shin Dong Ho , Yi Yanhua , Fan Xuejun , Gumin Joy , He Jiasen , Gillard Andrew G. , Lang Frederick F. , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Fueyo Juan
Published: March 2023

Expression of CD3 and CD8 on CD45+ leukocytes from B16F10-RFLuc-3 tumors. Delta-24-RGDOX was injected into the s.c. tumors on Days 8, 11 and 14. Leukocytes from the tumors were profiled through flow cytometry on Day 18. RGDOX: Delta-24-RGDOX.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Adjuvant therapy with oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGDOX after intratumoral adoptive T-cell therapy promotes antigen spread to sustain systemic antitumor immunity
Authors: Jiang Hong , Shin Dong Ho , Yi Yanhua , Fan Xuejun , Gumin Joy , He Jiasen , Gillard Andrew G. , Lang Frederick F. , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Fueyo Juan
Published: March 2023

gp100 and ovalbumin (OVA) expression in indicated mouse melanoma cell lines. Cell lysates were analyzed with immunoblotting. GAPDH levels are shown as a protein loading control.
Prenatal Stress Induces Translational Disruption Associated with Myelination Deficits
Authors: Crombie Gabrielle K. , Palliser Hannah K. , Shaw Julia C , Hanley Bethany A , Moloney Roisin A , Hirst Jonathan J.
Published: March 2023

Disruptions to neurodevelopment are known to be linked to behavioral disorders in childhood and into adulthood. The fetal brain is extremely vulnerable to stimuli that alter inhibitory GABAergic pathways and critical myelination processes, programing long-term neurobehavioral disruption. The maturation of the GABAergic system into the major inhibitory pathway in the brain and the development of oligodendrocytes into mature cells capable of producing myelin are integral components of optimal neurodevelopment. The current study aimed to elucidate prenatal stress-induced mechanisms that disrupt these processes and to delineate the role of placental pathways in these adverse outcomes. Pregnant guinea pig dams were exposed to prenatal stress with strobe light exposure for 2 h/day on gestational age (GA) 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65, and groups of fetuses and placentae were collected after the stress exposure on GA40, GA50, GA60, and GA69 (term). Fetal plasma, placental, and brain tissue were collected for allopregnanolone and cortisol quantification with ELISA. Relative mRNA expression of genes of specific pathways of interest was examined with real-time PCR in placental and hippocampal tissue, and myelin basic protein (MBP) was quantified immunohistochemically in the hippocampus and surrounding regions for assessment of mature myelin. Prenatal stress in mid-late gestation resulted in disruptions to the translational machinery responsible for the production of myelin and decreased myelin coverage in the hippocampus and surrounding regions. The male placenta showed an initial protective increase in allopregnanolone concentrations in response to maternal psychosocial stress. The male and female placentae had a sex-dependent increase in neurosteroidogenic enzymes at term following prenatal stress. Independent from exposure to prenatal stress, at gestational day 60 – a critical period for myelin development, the placentae of female fetuses had increased capability of preventing cortisol transfer to the fetus through expression of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2. The deficits early in the process of maturation of myelination indicate that the reduced myelination observed at childhood equivalence in previous studies begins in fetal life. This negative programing persists into childhood, potentially due to dysregulation of MBP translation processes. Expression patterns of neurosteroidogenic enzymes in the placenta at term following stress may identify at-risk fetuses that have been exposed to a stressful in utero environment.
Distúrbios ósteo-musculares relacionados ao trabalho
Authors: Yeng Lin Tchia , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Romano Miriam A. , Picarelli Helder , Settimi Maria Maeno , Greve Júlia M. D'Andrea
Published: March 2023

Dor, especialmente nos membros superiores relacionada às atividades laborais, é condição comum. Decorre geralmentede anormalidades músculo-esqueléticas e neurais. Além das condições mecânicas admite-se que a tensão emocional esteja relacionada à sua instalação e manutenção. Não basta apenas haver a identificação da condição clínica, mas é necessário haver nexo entre ela e a condição ambiental causal. A eliminação dos fatores desencadeantes, a reformulação do ambiente e da organização do trabalho, a readaptação profissional, medidas de medicina física e psicocomportamental quando aplicados com critério, melhora na maioria dos casos em que as lesões não estão estruturadas ou irreversíveis.
O acesso à literatura médica: expansão das fronteiras através das bases de dados de textos completos e sua importância, no Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação da Faculdade de Medicina da USP – SBD/FMUSP
Authors: Crestana Maria Fazanelli , Vilhena Valéria , Freddi Maria Júlia de Andrade Lourenção
Published: March 2023

Relata a importância das novas ferramentas de acesso à informação, a exemplo das bases de dados em texto completo, relacionando os endereços eletrônicos consideradosessenciais para as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão na área médica, disponíveis no Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidadede São Paulo – SBD/FMUSP. Enfatiza a importância das Bases no contexto do ensino médico por parte do usuário e o papel da equipe da Biblioteca na orientação e utilização desses recursos.
Reações adversas a drogas (R.A.D.)
Authors: Motta Antonio Abilio , Bianchi Pedro Giavina
Published: March 2023

A conseqüência do rápido desenvolvimento de novas drogas para tratamentos e diagnósticos de doenças humanas tem levado a aumento na incidência de reações adversasa estas drogas, podendo acarretar um aumento de morbidade e até mortalidade. Sem dúvida,as drogas são responsáveis pela maioria das doenças iatrogênicas. Felizmente as maiorias das reações adversas não são graves, porém nem sempre é possível prever se uma droga pode causar algum dano ao paciente. Neste artigo os autores discutem a epidemiologia,classificação, sensibilização, características clínicas, mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos, hipersensibilidade Tipo I, II, III e IV, quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia dasreações adversas a drogas.
Ativação plaquetária em diferentes formas de apresentação da doença arterial coronária: importância da P-Selectina e outros marcadores nas anginas estável e instável
Authors: Soeiro Alexandre de Matos , Araujo Leila Fernandes , Venturinelli Margareth L. , Serrano Júnior Carlos Vicente
Published: March 2023

OBJETIVO: Os marcadores da ativação plaquetária estão geralmente elevados na doença arterial coronária. Desse modo, procuramos identificar a presença e as potenciais associações de diferentes marcadores da ativação plaquetária. MÉTODOS: Nós estudamos pacientes com angina instável (n = 28), pacientes com angina estável (n = 36) e pacientes sem doença arterial coronária (n = 30); sexo e idade foram estratificados. Os níveis sangüíneos da molécula de adesão P-selectina, do thromboxane B2 e de serotonina foram medidos por imunoensaios enzimáticos. RESULTADOS: Quando nós comparamos os grupos,os resultados foram: a P-selectina, o thromboxane B2 e os níveis do serotonina apresentaram-se significativamente mais elevados nos pacientes com angina instável do que nos pacientes com angina estável. CONCLUSÃO: Estes marcadores da ativação plaquetária podem, portanto, identificar formas instáveis de doença arterial coronária.
Campanha voluntária em comunidades carentes para diagnóstico precoce da moléstia de Hansen - integração docente, discente e assistencial
Authors: Loureiro Vivian Barzi , Alessi Sabrina Sisto , Maragno Luciana , Margarido Leontina C.
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Comparação do número de doentes de hanseníase verificado nas campanhas realizadas em comunidades carentes de São Paulo com os dados do Ministério da Saúde e da Organização Mundial da Saúde; e também, com os verificados nas campanhas realizadas em três cidades do Acre. Metodologia: Nas campanhas voluntárias, realizadas desde 2001 em diversas comunidades carentes do Estado de São Paulo, foram feitos exames dermatológicos de 874 crianças e adultos, visando o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da hanseníase, através da busca ativa de pacientes. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 57doentes de hanseníase, correspondendo a 6,5% das pessoas examinadas, o que equivale a número cerca de cem vezes maior que os índices oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil(MS). Conclusão: O número de doentes diagnosticados nestas campanhas é muito mais elevado que as taxas oficiais do Brasil; embora o MS revele o número de doentes diagnosticados pela demanda espontânea e estas campanhas demonstrem doentes detectados através de busca ativa, confirma-se a existência de endemia oculta muito alta, que deve ser diagnosticada e tratada precocemente.
Remodelamento estrutural de grandes artérias em pacientes com miocardiopatia hipertensiva é correlacionado à geometria ventricular e à disfunção renal
Authors: Silva Bruno Caldin da , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Estudar parâmetros funcionais e estruturais de grandes artérias em pacientes hipertensos com diferentes graus de miocardiopatia hipertensiva. Material e métodos:Foram estudados 45 pacientes hipertensos (PA > 140/90mmHg ou em tratamento) e miocardiopatia hipertensiva definida por hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) (IMVE > 125g/m²) e/ou disfunção sistólica (DS) (FE < 0,50) ao ecocardiograma divididos em 2 grupos: 1)HVE sem DS, 16 pacientes; 2) HVE com DS, 18 pacientes. Dados foram comparados a 11pacientes hipertensos sem HVE ou DS. Parâmetros arteriais (espessura intima-medial-EIM,diâmetro interno, distensibilidade) foram avaliados em artéria carótida direita por equipamento“echo-tracking” e a rigidez aórtica pela medida da velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) carótidofemoral pelo Complior. Resultados: Os pacientes do grupo HVE com DS apresentaram maior diâmetro de carótida (8,02 ± 0,88mm) e maior EIM (0,88 ± 0,21mm) que os pacientes do grupo controle (7,04 ± 0,73mm e 6,8 ± 0,13mm, p < 0.01), e os pacientes do grupo HVE semDS não apresentaram diferenças em relação aos demais grupos. A VOP e a distensibilidade de carótida foram similares nos 3 grupos de pacientes. Na análise multivariada, a EIM secorrelacionou significativamente com o IMVE (r = 0,44, p < 0,005), enquanto o diâmetro de carótida se correlacionou com a idade e à creatinina sérica (r = 0.54). Conclusão: Em hipertensos com hipertrofia ventricular e disfunção ventricular sistólica há um remodelamento estrutural de grandes artérias. Este remodelamento é relacionado à geometria ventricular e à disfunção renal, sem modificações da função vascular.
Acupuntura: uma modalidade terapêutica validada no arsenal terapêutico do médico atual
Authors: Lin Chin An , Hsing Wu Tu , Pai Hong Jin
Published: March 2023

Uma das mais antigas modalidades de terapêutica, acupuntura faz parte da MedicinaTradicional Chinesa. Baseada principalmente em um antigo pensamento filosófico chinês e na observação da ocorrência de fenômenos da natureza. Medicina Tradicional Chinesa possui uma fisiopatologia peculiar, um sistema de diagnóstico complicado baseado em exame de língua e pulso e na observação de comportamento e atitudes de pacientes. Durante décadas,a acupuntura foi considerada uma alternativa exótica à Medicina Ocidental Ortodoxa, entretanto, estudos recentes e estudos de painel do NIH norte americano em 1988 elegeram a acupuntura como uma terapia validada para uma extensa lista de afecções, transformando a em uma modalidade terapêutica séria. Necessitamos de mais estudos e discussões para aumentar as indicações baseadas em evidência para outras afecções, além de ajudar a implementar a educação médica em acupuntura.
Perfil sociodemográfico e de dependência química dos usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial especializado
Authors: Santana Gliciane Vasconcelos , Santos Joyce Lorena Santana , Santos José Marcos de Jesus , Alves Letícia de Jesus , Menezes Andreia Freire de , Freitas Carla Kalline Alves Cartaxo
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de dependência química dos usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas. Método: estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado por meio de consulta a 360 prontuários. Resultados: a maioria dos usuários era do sexo masculino (91,1%; n = 328), analfabeta/Ensino Fundamental (70,8%; n = 255), vivia sem companheira(o) (76,9%; n = 277) e morava na zona urbana (63,3%; n = 228). O uso simultâneo de múltiplas drogas foi encontrado em 43,5% (n = 157) e a dependência exclusiva de álcool em 40,4% (n = 146). Conclusão: evidenciou-se predomínio de homens solteiros com baixa escolaridade e em dependência de múltiplas drogas e/ou de álcool. Esse conhecimento é relevante para propostas de estratégias baseadas em evidências.
Implementation and Enforcement of Community Interest-related Treaties by Judicial Means: Procedural Limitations, Chances and Prospects
Authors: Wolfrum Rüdiger
Published: March 2023

The international dispute settlement system is characterised by bi-focalism – the claim of the applicant being directly opposed by the respondent. This renders the international dispute settlement system less suitable to implement international norms serving community interests. International and regional dispute settlement systems have developed mechanisms to overcome the barriers resulting from the traditional bi-focalism. Some national legal systems have advanced in this respect. In general, it may be necessary to develop new mechanisms or to make use of existing ones, such as advisory opinions.
Production of quasi-unidirectional woven fabrics from water-retted hemp fibers and mechanical characterization of their composites
Authors: Karaduman Yekta , Karaduman Nesrin Sahbaz , Secinti-Klopf Hatice
Published: March 2023

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have attracted great attention in the past few decades due to increasing environmental awareness and various advantages of these materials in terms of mechanical properties, sustainability, renewability and biodegradability. In this study, hemp rovings with various amounts of twist were prepared using water-retted continuous hemp fiber bundles. Then these rovings were used to produce quasi-unidirectional (quasi-UD) woven hemp fabrics. These fabrics were utilized to manufacture epoxy composites. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the developed composites and the effect of yarn twist. The fracture pattern of the composites was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The tensile strength of the composite with 45 turns/m twisted rovings was approximately 20% lower than that of the composite sample with zero-twist hemp rovings. Composites with a twist level of 45 turns/m also showed approximately 37% and 48% lower flexural strength and modulus values respectively when compared to composites with zero-twist yarns. This was attributed to the fact that the yarn twist causes the fibers to align at an angle to the loading direction resulting in reduced properties in the axial direction of the composites as well as fiber damage induced by twisting. SEM observations showed that the composite failure took place predominantly as total fiber fracture, fiber pull-out from the yarns and matrix cracking. There were also limited cases of fiber pull-out from the matrix.
The Perspective of Young Adults Who Experience Homelessness About the Links Between Music and the Psychoactive Substance Use Trajectory
Authors: Cournoyer Lemaire Elise , Bertrand Karine , Jauffret-Roustide Marie , Lemaître André , Loignon Christine
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to describe and understand the links between musical activities (i.e. listening, playing, attending festive events, belonging to music-based communities) and the addictive trajectory of homeless young adults who experience problematic psychoactive substance (PS) use. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 homeless young adults aged 18 to 30 years old, to explore how music modulated their addictive trajectory. A thematic and trajectory analysis were performed. Music most often constituted a tool used to control, reduce, or recover from problematic PS use, and sometimes led to the initiation of novel substances, increased consumption, and relapses. These benefits and harms varied according to specific individual and contextual factors. Almost half of the sample reported no link between music and PS use. A better comprehension of the links between music and the addictive trajectory will guide the development of adapted harm reduction interventions that account for homeless young adults’ strengths.
Exploring the Relationship Between Work Stress and Work-related Rumination
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Feng , Smith Andrew P.
Published: March 2023

Current studies lack adequate analysis of the antecedents of the two forms of work-related rumination. However, understanding the relationship between different types of stress and the two forms of rumination is of profound significance for eliminating the influence of negative rumination. In this project, three studies were conducted to investigate the cumulative and immediate effects of challenge and hindrance stress on affective rumination and problem-solving rumination based on one-time, two-time points and daily measurements. Participants were 1109, 605 and 111 employees from a variety of jobs in Chinese mainland. The results showed the relationship between hindrance stress and affective rumination varies over different time course. There was no significant correlation between hindrance stress and problem-solving rumination over any time course. The relationship between challenge stress and two forms of work-related rumination varies over different time course. The results of this study suggest that the antecedent analysis of work-related rumination should not only give attention to the type of work stress, but also consider the time of work stress when analyzing its aftereffects.
Smartphone Dependency, Happiness, and Social Class Awareness Among Middle School Students in South Korea
Authors: Choi Sunah , Jang Daeyeon , Lee Yujin
Published: March 2023

Smartphone dependency (SD) has been linked to decreased happiness; however, research has not yet explored potential mediating mechanisms such as social class awareness (SCA) in this relationship. This study examined the association between SD and happiness among middle school students and the mediating effect of SCA in this relationship. Data from the 11th Korea-Child Happiness Index 2019 Survey were used, which is a cross-sectional survey administered to children and adolescents residing in South Korea collected by the Korea Social Science Data Archive (KOSSDA). A total of 2,296 Korean middle school students were selected for analysis. Findings suggest that higher levels of SD were associated with lower levels of happiness. SCA mediated the relationship between SD and happiness among middle school students. SD prevention and intervention approaches should consider the extent to which SCA impacts happiness of middle school students.
Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors of Young Adults based on eHealth Literacy and the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Choi Hye Seung , Lee Jong-Eun
Published: March 2023

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, disease prevention and preventive behaviors have become crucial for public health. In young adults, the internet is a popular source of health information. However, research that explores the factors associated with disease preventive behaviors based on the eHealth literacy (eHL) and the Health Belief Model (HBM) in young adults is lacking. A cross-sectional study design was used. Snowball sampling was used to recruit the participants through social network services. Proportionate stratified sampling was applied according to age, sex, and education level to mitigate sampling bias. The URL link for the online survey was provided via their mobile phones. A total of 324 participants, aged 20 to 39, completed the structured questionnaires (response rate = 98.2%). Frequency and descriptive statistical analyses, independent t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Factors associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors were COVID-19-related eHL (β = .376, P < .001) and self-efficacy (β = .221, P < .001), which were positively associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Boosting self-efficacy and the ability to find, evaluate, and apply health information with sufficient evidence from the Internet can improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The government and healthcare personnel should consider psychological factors such as self-efficacy when developing COVID-19 disease prevention behavioral guidelines for the Internet.
Provider Perspectives on Fertility and Fertility Preservation Discussions Among Women With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Corcoran Jessica , Campbell Caitlin , Ladores Sigrid
Published: March 2023

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily impacts the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. With advances in treatment and medications, the life expectancy of people with CF is continuing to increase with current life expectancy at 47 years of age. Given the increased life expectancy, people with CF are interested in childbearing but may have CF specific fertility issues that should be addressed by their CF healthcare provider. Currently, these conversations are not occurring or are suboptimal. This study aimed to investigate the practices of cystic fibrosis (CF) healthcare providers regarding fertility and fertility preservation (FP) discussions among women with CF. This was a qualitative, descriptive study. Twenty CF healthcare providers were interviewed including nurses, nurse practitioners, social workers, and dieticians among other disciplines. The semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the provider interviews about their fertility and FP discussion practices: (1) Change over Time; (2) CF Team Provides Primary Care including Reproductive Health Care; (3) Patient Support and Advocacy; and (4) Barriers and Facilitators to FP Discussions. The results of this study demonstrate an opportunity for CF healthcare providers to deliver patient-centered care. However, CF providers need to be educated on fertility and FP options. Additionally, there is a need for a more standardized structure of care to address the reproductive health of women with CF. The findings from this study may also be useful to non-CF providers who deliver care to women whose chronic illnesses impact their reproductive health.
Promoting Country Image and Tourism in New or Underdeveloped Markets
Authors: Rojas-Méndez José I. , Davies Gary
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the theoretical framework of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was applied in the context of a host country promoting its tourism to new or underdeveloped markets. The host country’s perceived Warmth, Competence and Status were each relevant to an understanding of the attitude toward the country itself and as a tourism destination. However, in both instances, the influence of perceived Status was found to be direct and not, as existing SCM theory suggests, via Competence. The findings support Status being a primary dimension of human perception alongside Warmth and Competence within SCM theory. Warmth evaluations also dominated the prediction of Tourism Attitude but not Country Attitude, again contrary to established thinking. The influence on Tourism Attitude of both Uncertainty Avoidance and Individualism/Collectivism were moderated by the perceived Warmth and Status of the host country. Thus, the SCM requires adaptation to the context of tourism in underdeveloped markets.