bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elemental Gains and Losses during Hydrothermal Alteration in Awak Mas Gold Deposit, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia: Constraints from Balanced Mineral Reactions
Authors: Ernowo Ernowo , Idrus Arifudin , Meyer Franz Michael
Published: December 2022

Hydrothermal gold mineralization is commonly associated with metasomatic processes resulting from interaction of hostrock with infiltrating hot aqueous fluids. Understanding of the alteration mechanism requires quantification of element changes in altered rock, relative to the unaltered or least-altered rock, representing the protolith. Balanced mineral reactions are used to gain quantitative insight into the alteration process associated with gold mineralization at the Awak Mas deposit. Three representative samples were carefully selected from the least-altered pyllite and the two alteration zones bordering the mineralization. Mineral mode, textural features, and mineral compositions were studied by microscopy and electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA). Quantitative modal analysis was performed with a Quanta 650 F QEMSCAN® system. The hydrothermal alteration sequence around the mineralization starts with the proximal albite–ankerite–pyrite alteration zone via the distal albite–chlorite alteration zone to the least-altered phyllite wall-rock. Balanced mineral reaction calculations were performed to evaluate elemental gains and losses. Most noticeable is the addition of Si, Na and Ca to each alteration zone. This alteration is represented by the almost complete replacement of muscovite by albite. The addition of Fe and S was highest in the albite–ankerite–pyrite alteration zone. Alteration of the least altered phyllite to the albite–chlorite zone involved a mass increase of 14.5% and a neglectable volume increase of 0.6%. The mass and a volume increase from the least altered phyllite to the albite–ankerite–pyrite zone was 40.5% and 0.47%, respectively. The very low volume change during alteration is also corroborated by the textural preservation indicating isovolumetric metasomatic reactions. The replacement of muscovite by albite may have had an important effect on the change of the rock failure mode from ductile to brittle, with consequences for the focusing of fluid flow.
Selective Flotation Behavior of Dolomite from Fluorapatite Using Hydroxy Ethylene Diphosphonic Acid as High-Efficiency Depressant
Authors: Zhang Jingkun , Xiao Zhiyun , Zhang Hongbo
Published: December 2022

In the reverse flotation of fluorapatite and dolomite, high-efficiency depressors of fluorapatite have received considerable attention. In this paper, the depression mechanism of hydroxy ethylene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was studied for the first time as a novel fluorapatite depressant on the surface of fluorapatite. The effect of HEDP on the flotation behavior of the two minerals was studied by single and mixed minerals in flotation tests. HEDP exhibited an excellent depression effect on fluorapatite flotation, whereas its adsorption on dolomite surface was minimal. Fluorapatite and dolomite were effectively separated by applying sodium oleate as a collector and HEDP as a depressant at pH 6.0. The depression mechanism of HEDP on fluorapatite was further analyzed via contact angle measurement, zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. We found that HEDP seriously hindered the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL) on the fluorapatite surface and had a minimal effect on the dolomite surface. XPS analysis results indicate that the strong adsorption of HEDP on the fluorapatite surface can be attributed to the strong chelation between the electron-rich groups of HEDP and Ca ions on the fluorapatite surface. Therefore, HEDP is used as a selective depressant of fluorapatite in the fluorapatite–dolomite flotation–separation process.
Selective Neodymium Enrichment of Sulfides as a “Fingerprint” of Late Processes of Ore-Formation: Insight into Sm-Nd Isotopes for Sulfides from Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE Complexes and Hydrothermal Pb-Zn, Au-Mo, and Gold Deposits
Authors: Serov Pavel A.
Published: December 2022

The effect of enrichment with Nd in sulfides from magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE complexes and sulfide ores from hydrothermal Pb-Zn, Au-Mo, and gold deposits was found and characterized. This paper concerns the report and analysis of isotopic geochemical data on the sulfide ores from the large Paleoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE complexes of Fennoscandia and the literature data on sulfide ores from the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn deposit (northeastern China), Tokuzbay gold deposit (southern Altai, northwestern China), and Dahu Au-Mo deposit (central China). The mineral/rock partition coefficients for Nd and Sm (the DNd/DSm ratio) are defined as a prospective tool for the reconstruction of the sulfide mineral formation and geochemical substantiation of possible sources of ore-forming fluids for deposits of various genetic types. The observed selective Nd accumulation indicates either hydrothermal or metamorphic (metasomatic) impact, which is associated with increased Nd mobility and its migration or diffusion. Due to this process, there is a relative Nd accumulation in comparison with Sm and a consequent increase in the DNd/DSm ratio. At the isotopic system level, this leads to a sufficient decrease in the Sm/Nd ratio for the secondary sulfides of such kind. The revealed effect may serve as an isotopic geochemical marker of recent processes. These processes are quite frequently associated with the most important ore formation stages, which bear the commercially valuable concentrations of ore components. Sulfides from magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE complexes are more characterized by the selective accumulation of Nd in the sequential sulfide mineral formation. For sulfides from hydrothermal deposits, the effect of Nd enrichment is more intense and closely related to ore-forming fluids, under the influence of which sulfide mineralization is formed in multiple stages. The study aims at expanding the knowledge about fractionation and the behavior of lanthanides in ore-forming processes and allows the development of additional criteria for the evaluation of the ore potential of deposits with different geneses, ages, and formation conditions.
Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Nasser Nourhan , El-Sayed Mohamed I. , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A. , Al-Labadi Ibrahim G. , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , Bellucci Stefano
Published: December 2022

Three samples of calcite (calcite crystal (CA), calcite of limestone (L.CA), and metamorphosed calcite (marble) (M.CA)) were assessed as adsorbents of Zn (II) to consider the impact of the different geological conditions. The three samples exhibit remarkable changes in their Zn (II) retention capacities (Qsat = 384.6 mg/g (CA), 274.5 mg/g (L.CA), and 512.6 mg/g (M.CA)). The retention systems of the three calcite samples were described on the basis of the suggested statistical physics-based equilibrium studies as well as the traditional kinetic and isotherm models. However, the M.CA samples exhibited the best retention capacity, the steric properties reflecting a higher active site density of CA (Nm (Zn) = 113.46 mg/g) than both M.CA (Nm (Zn) = 82.8 mg/g) and L.CA (Nm (Zn) = 52.4 mg/g) at 323 K. This was assigned to the controlling effect of the sequestered numbers of Zn (II) per site on the surfaces of the calcite phase (n(Zn) = 3.39 (CA), 5.24 (L.CA), and 6.19 (M.CA)) in addition to the higher surface area and ion exchange of the metamorphosed and deformed M.CA. The previous n(Zn) values suggested the retention of Zn (II) by a multi-ionic mechanism in a vertical orientation. The Gaussian energies (8 to 16 KJ/mol) and retention energies (˂40 KJ/mol) of Zn (II) by CA and L.CA suggested complex physical and weak chemical mechanisms involving ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, dipole bonding forces, electrostatic attractions, and van der Waals forces. The thermodynamic properties were illustrated on the basis of the internal energy, free enthalpy, and entropy functions, which validate the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Zn (II) retention system by the three calcite samples.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identify the Preferred Representational System of a Person
Authors: Amirhosseini Mohammad Hossein , Wall Julie
Published: December 2022

Whenever people think about something or engage in activities, internal mental processes will be engaged. These processes consist of sensory representations, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic, which are constantly being used, and they can have an impact on a person’s performance. Each person has a preferred representational system they use most when speaking, learning, or communicating, and identifying it can explain a large part of their exhibited behaviours and characteristics. This paper proposes a machine learning-based automated approach to identify the preferred representational system of a person that is used unconsciously. A novel methodology has been used to create a specific labelled conversational dataset, four different machine learning models (support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and k-nearest neighbour) have been implemented, and the performance of these models has been evaluated and compared. The results show that the support vector machine model has the best performance for identifying a person’s preferred representational system, as it has a better mean accuracy score compared to the other approaches after the performance of 10-fold cross-validation. The automated model proposed here can assist Neuro Linguistic Programming practitioners and psychologists to have a better understanding of their clients’ behavioural patterns and the relevant cognitive processes. It can also be used by people and organisations in order to achieve their goals in personal development and management. The two main knowledge contributions in this paper are the creation of the first labelled dataset for representational systems, which is now publicly available, and the use of machine learning techniques for the first time to identify a person’s preferred representational system in an automated way.
Mechanical and Recyclable Properties of Polyimine Enhanced by Biomimetic Modification of Graphene Oxide Sheets/Silicon Carbide Nano-Whiskers
Authors: Zhang Si , Ji Shiyu , Wang Zifan , Zhang Jian , Zhao Wei , He Chaoshuai , Chen Yun
Published: December 2022

Inspired by the mineral bridge between hard phase layers of natural nacre, the biomimetic modified silicon carbide nano-whiskers (MSiCw)/graphene oxide sheets (MGO) reinforced polyimine (PI) composites (MSiCw-MGO-PI) were successfully prepared by heat-pressing at room temperature, which confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and XRD tests. According to the results of mechanical tests, the composites with filling weights of MSiCw and MGO, which were found to be 1% and 0.3%, presented tensile strength of 94.27 MPa, which was 32% higher than the matrix. With the additional weights amount of 1%MSiCw and 0.2%MGO, the impact strength of the composites reached 17.46 KJ/m2, which was increased by 81% compared with the matrix. In addition, the reinforcing mechanisms, such as the bridging principle and mechanism of whiskers pulling out, were investigated by analyzing the fracture surface of MSiCw-MGO-PI composites. The results showed that MSiCw and MGO can synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the composites. In addition, the recyclability of the composites valued by the mechanical properties of the composites from regrinding and heat pressing showed that three generations of MSiCw-MGO-PI composites can still maintain high mechanical properties on account of the better dispersion of the reinforcing phases in the matrix from regrinding.
Establishing the Prevalence of Osteomalacia in Arab Adolescents Using Biochemical Markers of Bone Health
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Yakout Sobhy , Sabico Shaun , Wani Kaiser , Hussain Syed Danish , Aljohani Naji , Uday Suma , Högler Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Nutrition-acquired osteomalacia is a bone mineralization disorder associated with dietary calcium and/or solar vitamin D deficiency, risk factors considered common in the Middle Eastern region. Establishing less invasive, cheap, and widely available diagnostic markers for this underdiagnosed entity is essential, in particular for screening in high-risk groups. This study assessed the prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia in Arab adolescents. In this cross-sectional study performed between September 2019 and March 2021, adolescents aged 12–17 years from 60 different secondary and preparatory year schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included. Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were collected. Biochemical osteomalacia was defined as any two of the following four serum markers of hypomineralization, namely low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD < 30 nmol/L), high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low calcium (Ca), and/or inorganic phosphorous (Pi). A total of 2938 Arab adolescents [1697 girls; mean age (years) 14.8 ± 1.8; 1241 boys; mean age 15.1 ± 1.6] were recruited. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 56.2% (n = 953) of girls and 27.1% (n = 336) of boys (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia was 10.0% (n = 295/2938) and was higher in girls than boys (14.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of low serum Ca and/or Pi was also higher in girls than in boys (24.2% vs. 12.5%, respectively, p < 0.001), as well as elevated ALP (5.1% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001). Overall, girls were 4.6 times (95% CI 3.3–6.4) more likely to have biochemical osteomalacia than boys. Screening of apparently healthy Arab adolescents revealed a high prevalence of deranged mineralization markers suggestive of biochemical osteomalacia, which was significantly more common in girls than boys and was likely associated with Arab traditional clothing and diet. The proposed combination of typically altered mineralization markers for the diagnosis of osteomalacia is, at best, suggestive until further comparisons with established diagnostic tools (histological analysis of bone biopsies) are conducted.
Limonin, a Component of Immature Citrus Fruits, Activates Anagen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells
Authors: Kang Jung-Il , Choi Youn Kyoung , Han Sang-Chul , Kim Hyeon Gyu , Hong Seok Won , Kim Jungeun , Kim Jae Hoon , Hyun Jin Won , Yoo Eun-Sook , Kang Hee-Kyoung
Published: December 2022

Hair loss remains a significant problem that is difficult to treat; therefore, there is a need to identify safe natural materials that can help patients with hair loss. We evaluated the hair anagen activation effects of limonin, which is abundant in immature citrus fruits. Limonin increased the proliferation of rat dermal papilla cells (rDPC) by changing the levels of cyclin D1 and p27, and increasing the number of BrdU-positive cells. Limonin increased autophagy by decreasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin levels and increasing the phospho-Raptor, ATG7 and LC3B. Limonin also activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing phospho-β-catenin levels. XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited these limonin-induced changes, including induced autophagy, BrdU-positive cells, and cell proliferation. Limonin increased the phosphorylated AKT levels in both two-dimensional cultured rDPC and three-dimensional spheroids. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited limonin-induced proliferation, and disrupted other limonin-mediated changes, including decreased p27, increased BrdU-positive cells, induced autophagy, and increased ATG7 and LC3B levels. Wortmannin also inhibited limonin-induced cyclin D1 and LC3 expression in spheroids. Collectively, these results indicate that limonin can enhance anagen signaling by activating autophagy via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or PI3K/AKT pathways in rDPC, highlighting a candidate nutrient for hair loss treatment.
Cold-Brewed Jasmine Tea Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Jin , Zhang Xuejiao , Kou Ruixin , Chen Mengshan , Zhang Bowei , Liu Jingmin , Peng Bo , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo
Published: December 2022

Cold-brewed jasmine tea (CB-JT) is regarded to possess characteristic flavors and health benefits as a novel resource of functional tea beverages. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying CB-JT-mediated protective effects on obesity, we evaluated the serum biochemistry, histological condition, glucose tolerance, gene expression profile and intestinal microbial diversity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Our results demonstrate that cold-brewed jasmine tea can significantly attenuate HFD-induced body weight gain, abnormal serum lipid levels, fat deposition, hepatic injury, inflammatory processes as well as metabolic endotoxemia. CB-JT also modified the microbial community composition in HFD-fed mice and altered the balance to one closely resembled that of the control group. The differential abundance of core microbes in obese mice was reversed by CB-JT treatment, including an increment in the abundance of Blautia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila as well as a decrease in the abundance of Alloprevotella. CB-JT was proved to regulate the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes such as Leptin, Pgc1a Il6, and Il1b in the adipose tissue coupled with Cyp7a1, Lxra, Srebp1c, and Atgl in the liver. These findings indicate that cold-brewed jasmine tea might be served as a potential functional tea beverage to prevent obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Influence of Nutritional Parameters on the Evolution, Severity and Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Gamarra-Morales Yenifer , Molina-López Jorge , Machado-Casas Juan Francisco , Herrera-Quintana Lourdes , Vázquez-Lorente Héctor , Castaño-Pérez José , Perez-Villares José Miguel , Planells Elena
Published: December 2022

This study evaluated the clinical and nutritional status, the evolution over three days, and the relationship between nutritional, inflammatory, and clinical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19. A longitudinal study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital in Granada (Spain). The study population comprised patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 presenting critical clinical involvement. Clinical outcomes were collected, and inflammatory and nutritional parameters (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, transferrin saturation index, cholesterol, triglycerides and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score) were determined. A total of 202 critical patients with COVID-19 were selected, presenting highly altered clinical-nutritional parameters. The evolution experienced by the patients on the third day of admission was a decrease in albumin (p < 0.001) and an increase in prealbumin (p < 0.001), transferrin (p < 0.002), transferrin saturation index (p < 0.018), and cholesterol (p < 0.001). Low levels of albumin, prealbumin (on the third day) and high CONUT score (on the third day) showed an association with higher mortality. Nutritional variables were inversely correlated with clinical and inflammatory parameters. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have poor nutritional status related to a poor prognosis of disease severity and mortality.
Increased Thoracic Fluid as the Most Distinctive Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Alteration in Men with Prolactinoma
Authors: Jurek Agnieszka , Krzesiński Paweł , Gielerak Grzegorz , Witek Przemysław , Zieliński Grzegorz , Kazimierczak Anna , Wierzbowski Robert , Banak Małgorzata , Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata
Published: December 2022

Hyperprolactinemia in males with prolactin-secreting adenomas, or prolactinomas, may be associated with endothelial dysfunction and co-existing cardiovascular risk factors. As a noninvasive technique of assessing cardiac function, impedance cardiography (ICG) may be useful in the early detection of hemodynamic dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the hemodynamic profiles of patients with prolactinoma versus controls. A total of 20 men with prolactinoma (PR group) (mean age 43 years) and 20 men from the control group (CG) were evaluated in this prospective, observational comparative clinical study. The study subjects were propensity score-matched in terms of clinical characteristics—age, mean blood pressure [MBP], arterial hypertension [AH] rates, and body mass index [BMI]. ICG assessments of hemodynamic profiles were conducted with the use of a Niccomo™ device and included stroke volume index (SI), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), velocity index (VI), acceleration index (ACI), Heather index (HI), and thoracic fluid content (TFC). AH was well-controlled in both study groups (116/76 mmHg PR vs. 119/76 mmHg CG). In comparison with CG patients, ICG revealed PR group patients to have higher rates of high thoracic fluid content (TFC) (>35 1/kOhm; p = 0.035) and lower SI values (<35 mL/m2, p = 0.072). There was a convergent tendency towards lower values of other cardiac function parameters (SI, CI, VI, ACI, and HI). Prolactinoma-associated endocrine abnormalities are related to hemodynamic profile alterations, including higher rates of increased TFC and the risk of worsened cardiac function.
Protective Role of Natural Compounds under Radiation-Induced Injury
Authors: Altomare Annamaria , Fiore Michele , D’Ercole Gabriele , Imperia Elena , Nicolosi Roberta Maria , Della Posta Susanna , Pasqua Gabriella , Cicala Michele , De Gara Laura , Ramella Sara , Guarino Michele Pier Luca
Published: December 2022

In recent years, evidence has shown the potential therapeutic effects of different natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced mucositis (RIOM). RIOM represents one of the most frequent side effects associated with anti-neoplastic treatments affecting patients’ quality of life and treatment response due to radiation therapy discontinuation. The innate radio-protective ability of natural products obtained from plants is in part due to the numerous antioxidants possessed as a part of their normal secondary metabolic processes. However, oxygen presence is a key point for radiation efficacy on cancer cells. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent evidence on radiation-induced injury and the emerging protective role of natural compounds in preventing and treating this specific damage without compromising treatment efficacy.
Nutrient Content and Compliance with Sodium Standards in Elementary School Meals in the United States Pre- and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Chapman Leah Elizabeth , Richardson Scott , Harb Amanda A. , Fear Evan , Daly Tara P. , Olarte Deborah A. , Hawley Meghan , Zukowski Emelia , Schwartz Colin , Maroney Meghan , Cohen Juliana F. W.
Published: December 2022

Various federal policies have weakened school meal nutrition standards in the United States since the passage of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act in 2010, including temporary school meal nutrition waivers to promote post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery. This study used school menu and nutrient data from a nationally representative sample of 128 elementary school districts to examine differences in nutrients (average calories, total fat, saturated fat, sodium, total sugar, and fiber) and alignment with United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) sodium targets in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and in 2022 (post-pandemic). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance accounting for repeated measures within school districts, adjusting for geographic region and urbanicity. Small differences in the nutrient content for both breakfast and lunch were observed between 2019 and 2022. Most weeks met USDA sodium Target 1 for breakfast (≥95% of weeks) and Target 1 (≥96% of weeks) and Target 1A for lunch (≥92% of weeks) in both 2019 and 2022, although compliance decreased slightly when condiments were included. Additionally, meals provided on average 57 g of total sugar. Overall, many meals are already in alignment with lower sodium targets. Simple strategies, such as offering lower sodium condiments, can further reduce sodium in school meals. The total sugar levels observed highlight that the USDA should consider limits on added sugars in school meals.
Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Extract Improves Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells without Cytotoxicity to Normal Cells In Vitro
Authors: Shiau Jun-Ping , Lee Min-Yu , Tang Jen-Yang , Huang Hsin , Lin Zheng-Yu , Su Jui-Hsin , Hou Ming-Feng , Cheng Yuan-Bin , Chang Hsueh-Wei
Published: December 2022

The anticancer effects and mechanisms of marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides were rarely assessed, especially for methanol extract of A. suberitoides (MEAS) to breast cancer cells. This study evaluated the differential suppression effects of proliferation by MEAS between breast cancer and normal cells. MEAS demonstrated more antiproliferation impact on breast cancer cells than normal cells, indicating oxidative stress-dependent preferential antiproliferation effects on breast cancer cells but not for normal cells. Several oxidative stress-associated responses were highly induced by MEAS in breast cancer cells but not normal cells, including the generations of cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress as well as the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. MEAS downregulated cellular antioxidants such as glutathione, partly contributing to the upregulation of oxidative stress in breast cancer cells. This preferential oxidative stress generation is accompanied by more DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) in breast cancer cells than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine reverted these MEAS-triggered responses. In conclusion, MEAS is a potential natural product for treating breast cancer cells with the characteristics of preferential antiproliferation function without cytotoxicity to normal cells in vitro.
Ondansetron Reduces the Incidence of Hypotension after Spinal Anaesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hou Xiao-Min , Chen Yan-Jun , Lai Lan , Liu Ke , Shen Qi-Hong
Published: December 2022

Hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia is a common clinical complication associated with multiple perioperative adverse events. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to confirm whether ondansetron could alleviate hypotension following spinal anaesthesia. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible randomised controlled trials from their respective database inception dates to 30 September 2022. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the incidence of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2.0). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was applied to assess the level of certainty. A total of 25 studies were included in this research. The meta-analysis revealed that ondansetron significantly decreased the incidence of hypotension (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.80, p < 0.01, I2 = 64%) and bradycardia. In addition, patients treated with ondansetron had a reduced need for vasopressors administration. This study suggests that ondansetron may be recommended as a prophylaxis for hypotension and bradycardia following spinal anaesthesia; the level of evidence was moderate with a high level of heterogeneity.
Mitochondrion-Targeted NIR Therapeutic Agent Suppresses Melanoma by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via E2F/Cyclin/CDK Pathway
Authors: Sun Changzhen , Wang Jianv , Xia Tong , Sun Qin , He Yijing , Wang Hailan , He Qizhou , Liu Li
Published: December 2022

Malignant melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer worldwide, and earlier diagnosis and more effective therapies are required to improve prognosis. As a possible solution, near-infrared fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dyes have been shown to be useful for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Here, we synthesized a novel theranostic agent, IR-817, a multifunctional bioactive small-molecule that has near-infrared emission, targets mitochondria in cancer cells, and has selective anti-cancer effects. In in vitro experiments, IR-817 preferentially accumulated in melanoma cells through organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters but also selectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, IR-817 caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by targeting the E2F/Cyclin/CDK pathway. Finally, IR-817 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in zebrafish and mice. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that IR-817 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation without notable side effects. Therefore, mitochondrial-targeting theranostic agent IR-817 may be promising for accurate tumor diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and safe anti-cancer treatments.
Hybrid 3D Printed and Electrospun Multi-Scale Hierarchical Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Induce Bone Differentiation
Authors: Gonzalez-Pujana Ainhoa , Carranza Teresa , Santos-Vizcaino Edorta , Igartua Manoli , Guerrero Pedro , Hernandez Rosa Maria , de la Caba Koro
Published: December 2022

Complex scaffolds composed of micro- and nano-structures are a key target in tissue engineering and the combination of sequential 3D printing and electrospinning enables the fabrication of these multi-scale structures. In this work, dual 3D printed and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with multiple mesh layers were successfully prepared. The scaffold macro- and micro-porosity were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, showing that electrospun fibers formed aligned meshes within the pores of the scaffold. Consequently, the hydrophilicity of the scaffold increased with time, enhancing cell adhesion and growth. Additionally, compression tests in back and forth cycles demonstrated a good shape recovery behavior of the scaffolds. Biological results indicated that hybrid PCL scaffolds are biocompatible and enable a correct cell culture over time. Moreover, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast culture on the scaffolds promoted the mineralization, increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and upregulated the expression of early and late osteogenic markers, namely ALP and osteopontin (OPN), respectively. These results demonstrate that the sequential combination of 3D printing and electrospinning provides a facile method of incorporating fibers within a 3D printed scaffold, becoming a promising approach towards multi-scale hierarchical scaffolds capable of guiding the osteogenic differentiation.
Dietary-Polysaccharide-Modified Fish-Oil-Based Double Emulsion as a Functional Colloidal Formulation for Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Li Wanqiong , Yang Xin , Gao Yanfeng , Chen Guanyu
Published: December 2022

Oral delivery is the most convenient drug administration route. However, oral delivery of peptides is extremely challenging due to the physical and chemical barriers within the gastrointestinal tract. Polysaccharides are often utilized as polymeric biomaterials in drug delivery. Among these, dietary polysaccharides extracted from okra, yam, and spirulina have been reported to stimulate innate immunity with well-known nutritional benefits. In this study, we developed a dietary-polysaccharide-modified fish-oil-based emulsion for oral co-delivery of a hydrophilic PD-L1 blocking peptide and the hydrophobic small molecule simvastatin. The optimal emulsion was nano-sized and exhibited a negative surface charge, high drug encapsulation efficiency of over 97%, low viscosity, and sustained drug release manner. The formulation could significantly increase the uptake of peptides by intestinal Caco-2 cells, which demonstrated the great potential of the formulation for promoting the oral absorption of peptides. Additionally, these dietary polysaccharides could promote dendritic cell maturation and cytokine expression in macrophages, demonstrating that these nutraceutical polysaccharides had dual roles of functioning as promising colloidal delivery systems and as potential immune modulators or adjuvants. Thus, this food-based colloidal delivery system shows promise for the oral delivery of peptide drugs and lays a great platform for future applications in immunotherapy.
Impact of a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Patients’ Perceptions of Expanded Pharmacy Services in South Dakota Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Pinto Sharrel , Kotschevar Christopher , Hunt Aaron , Middendorf Alex , Robbins Christopher , Miller Erin , Van Gilder Deidra
Published: December 2022

Background: Pharmacists can offer medication expertise to help better control diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve patient outcomes, particularly in rural communities. This project evaluated the impact of an awareness campaign on perceptions of expanded pharmacy services. Methods: The “Your Pharmacists Knows” campaign included a 30-s commercial, print material, and media announcements. A non-randomized pre-post study was completed using a modified theory of planned behavior (mTPB) to assess knowledge, attitude, perceived benefits and norms, and perceived control. A 73-item survey was administered to a convenience sample (n = 172) across South Dakota. Regression models to assess intent and utilization were conducted using age, gender, race, education, population, and insurance status as predictors for mTPB constructs. Results: Most common predictors were female gender and higher education level (p < 0.001). All mTPB constructs were significant predictors of intent to use services (p < 0.001). Knowledge and perceived control had the largest influence on intent. Additionally, there was significant improvement in post-campaign service utilization (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This campaign positively influenced intent to seek and utilize services in rural communities where pharmacies may be the only healthcare option for miles. Through targeted campaigns, patients with diabetes or CVD may find access to services to better manage their conditions.
Manipulation of Energy Flow with X-Type Vortex
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Tianhu , Zhao Xinying , Pang Xiaoyan
Published: December 2022

In this study, a new method for manipulating energy flow in a 3D vector field is proposed. In this method, an azimuthally-polarized beam with a noncanonical vortex, the X-type vortex, is focused in a high-numerical aperture system. It is found that, instead of the invariance of the energy flow which is characteristic of the traditional vortex (i.e., canonical vortex), both the longitudinal and the transverse energy flows in virtue of the X-type vortex rotate around the beam center as the beam propagates, and this rotational behavior (including the maxima location and the rotational angle) can be adjusted by the anisotropic parameter and the order the X-type vortex. Through defining a complex transverse Poynting field and applying the equivalence principle, the transverse energy flow and its topological reactions are discussed in the focal plane. Our result shows that, by changing the anisotropic parameter of the X-type vortex, rich topological reactions will occur, resulting in various distribution patterns of the energy flow, such as multi vortex-type singularities around the beam center. Our research demonstrates newly-observed features of the X-type vortex and also provides a simple method to manipulate energy flows both along longitudinal and transverse directions, which will be useful in optical manipulations.
Principle and Performance Analysis of the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm in WMS Spectral Line Fitting
Authors: Sun Yongjie , Wang Pengpeng , Zhang Tingting , Li Kun , Peng Feng , Zhu Cunguang
Published: December 2022

Calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) is an efficient technique for trace gas monitoring. It is widely used due to its resistance to light intensity fluctuations, strong suppression of low-frequency noise, fast response time, and excellent environmental adaptability. The calibration-free WMS often employs the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for spectral fitting to retrieve gas characteristics. However, to the best of our knowledge, an analysis of the main factors affecting the operational effectiveness of the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in calibration-free WMS has merely been reported. In this paper, we have systematically analyzed the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm’s operating mechanism in WMS-2f/1f. The results show that the number of parameters and the estimation errors of the initial parameters are the main factors limiting the retrieval accuracy of the algorithm, which provides some important guidelines for the subsequent optimization of the spectral fitting scheme.
Spectral Broadening of Chirped Laser Pulse Caused by Four-Wave Mixing in BaWO4 Crystals
Authors: Kinyaevskiy Igor , Seleznev Leonid , Ionin Andrey
Published: December 2022

The spectral broadening of a chirped, temporally stretched (up to 200 ps) Ti:sapphire laser pulse propagating together with a broadband low-power seed pulse through BaWO4 crystals was experimentally and numerically studied. Our analysis demonstrated that self-phase modulation could not have affected the pulse spectrum under the experimental conditions. The spectral broadening of the Ti:sapphire laser pulse was found to be due to four-wave mixing, which resulted in transferring the power of the central wavelength to the spectral wings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such origin of laser pulse spectral broadening in crystals.
Theoretical Analysis of Continuous-Wave Mid-Infrared Optical Vortex Source Generated by Singly Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , Zhang Shirui , Duan Yuanhao , Guo Minghao , Li Peng
Published: December 2022

Due to the important application in the study of vibrational circular dichroism and helical dichroism of chiral molecules, the tunable vortex beam at mid-infrared region has attracted increasing attention. Based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) conservation in nonlinear interactions, the vortex pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) is recognized as a versatile source of coherent vortex radiation providing high power and broad wavelength coverage from a single device. However, the low parametric gain and high oscillation threshold under continuous wave (cw) pumping has so far been the most challenging factor in generating cw tunable vortex beams. To predict the output characteristic of vortex pumped SRO, a theoretical model describing the vortex pumped SRO is needed. In this study, the theoretical model describing the vortex pumped SRO is set up under collimated Gaussian beam approximation. Output characteristics of different SROs are simulated numerically. By proper selection of pump scheme (such as double-pass pumping scheme), the vortex pumped mid-infrared SRO can oscillate at a relatively low pump power. By controlling the gain (mode overlap ratio between the pump and resonant wave in the nonlinear crystal) and loss (employing a spot-defect mirror with different defect size as the output coupler) of the resonant signal mode in the SRO, the OAM of the pump beam can be directionally transferred to a specific down converted beam. The transfer mechanism of the OAM among the pump light and the down-converted beams and factors affecting the transfer are studied. Our study provides the guidelines for the design and optimization of vortex pumped SRO under cw operation.
Comparative Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Calcium-Deficiency-Triggered Tipburn in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis)
Authors: Zhang Shu , Gao Hanzhong , Wang Lixia , Zhang Yihui , Zhou Dandan , Anwar Ali , Li Jingjuan , Wang Fengde , Li Cheng , Zhang Ye , Gao Jianwei
Published: December 2022

Chinese cabbage tipburn is characterized by the formation of necrotic lesions on the margin of leaves, including on the insides of the leafy head. This physiological disorder is associated with a localized calcium deficiency during leaf development. However, little information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms governing Ca-deficiency-triggered tipburn. This study comprehensively analysed the transcriptomic comparison between control and calcium treatments (CK and 0 mM Ca) in Chinese cabbage to determine its molecular mechanism in tipburn. Our analysis identified that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) categories are photosynthesis, thylakoid and cofactor binding. Moreover, the KEGG pathway was most enriched in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism and carbon fixation. We also analyzed the co-expression network by functional categories and identified ten critical hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each gene regulatory network (GRN). These DEGs might involve abiotic stresses, developmental processes, cell wall metabolism, calcium distribution, transcription factors, plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. Under calcium deficiency, CNX1, calmodulin-binding proteins and CMLs family proteins were downregulated compared to CK. In addition, plant hormones such as GA, JA, BR, Auxin and ABA biosynthesis pathways genes were downregulated under calcium treatment. Likewise, HATs, ARLs and TCP transcription factors were reported as inactive under calcium deficiency, and potentially involved in the developmental process. This work explores the specific DEGs’ significantly different expression levels in 0 mM Ca and the control involved in plant hormones, cell wall developments, a light response such as chlorophylls and photosynthesis, transport metabolism and defence mechanism and redox. Our results provide critical evidence of the potential roles of the calcium signal transduction pathway and candidate genes governing Ca-deficiency-triggered tipburn in Chinese cabbage.
Proteomic Changes in Response to Colorless nonripening Mutation during Tomato Fruit Ripening
Authors: Zhou Ting , Li Ran , Yu Qinru , Wang Jingjing , Pan Jingjing , Lai Tongfei
Published: December 2022

SlSPL-CNR is a multifunctional transcription factor gene that plays important roles in regulating tomato fruit ripening. However, the molecular basis of SlSPL-CNR in the regulatory networks is not exactly clear. In the present study, the biochemical characteristics and expression levels of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in Colorless nonripening (Cnr) natural mutant were determined. The proteomic changes during the ripening stage were also uncovered by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)–based quantitative proteomic analysis. Results indicated that both the lycopene content and soluble solid content (SSC) in Cnr fruit were lower than those in wild-type AC fruit. Meanwhile, pH, flavonoid content, and chlorophyll content were higher in Cnr fruit. Expressions of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were also downregulated or delayed in Cnr fruit. Furthermore, 1024 and 1234 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were respectively identified for the breaker and 10 days postbreaker stages. Among them, a total of 512 proteins were differentially expressed at both stages. In addition, the functions of DEPs were classified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results would lay the groundwork for wider explorations of the regulatory mechanism of SlSPL-CNR on tomato fruit ripening.
First Report of Phaeoacremonium iranianum Causing Olive Twig and Branch Dieback
Authors: Petrović Elena , Vrandečić Karolina , Ćosić Jasenka , Kanižai Šarić Gabriella , Godena Sara
Published: December 2022

In an olive orchard on the western part of Istria, Croatia, twig and branch dieback was observed on several olive trees. In total, seven samples from symptomatic trees were collected. Samples were analyzed, and four fungal isolates showed morphological similarities to the species Phaeoacremonium. One isolate, chosen as a representative, was taken for molecular identification and pathogenicity tests. Based on the DNA sequence data of the ITS, TUB, and EF1α gene regions, the isolate was identified as P. iranianum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached olive branches and olive trees in the greenhouse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of twig and branch dieback on olive caused by Phaeoacremonium iranianum.
Application of Citrus and Apple Fibers for Formulation of Quercetin/Fiber Aggregates: Impact of Quercetin Concentration
Authors: Buljeta Ivana , Ćorković Ina , Pichler Anita , Šimunović Josip , Kopjar Mirela
Published: December 2022

Among flavonoids, quercetin has gained special attention due to its positive biological activities. Quercetin’s disadvantages, such as its hydrophobic nature, poor solubility, and permeability, could be overcome by complexation with different polymers. Dietary fibers are known as carriers of polyphenols, which can protect them from environmental conditions and thus allow them to be absorbed. In this study, apple and citrus fibers (as applicable food by-products) were used as carriers of quercetin. A constant amount of fibers (1%) and different concentrations of quercetin solution (5 mM, 10 mM, and 20 mM) were complexed. Obtained fiber aggregates were subjected to HPLC to determine the quercetin concentration and antioxidant activity of aggregates (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays). IR spectra were recorded to confirm complexation of quercetin with selected fibers, and an additional DSC study was performed to evaluate the thermal stability of fiber aggregates. The results of HPLC analysis showed that quercetin had higher affinity towards apple fiber than citrus fiber, without proportional trends of adsorption. Consequently, apple fiber aggregates had higher antioxidant potential than citrus fiber aggregates. FTIR-ATR analysis showed the formation of new bands and the loss of existing bands when quercetin was present. Adsorption of quercetin also had an impact on the thermal stability of formulated fiber aggregates. For apple fiber, this impact was negative, while for citrus fiber, the impact was positive. These results could contribute to greater understanding of quercetin’s behavior during the preparation of food additives based on polyphenols and fibers.
An Overview on Wood Waste Valorization as Biopolymers and Biocomposites: Definition, Classification, Production, Properties and Applications
Authors: Ferrari Francesca , Striani Raffaella , Fico Daniela , Alam Mohammad Mahbubul , Greco Antonio , Esposito Corcione Carola
Published: December 2022

Bio-based polymers, obtained from natural biomass, are nowadays considered good candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil-derived plastics. The need for substituting traditional synthetic plastics is mainly driven by many concerns about their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The most innovative way to produce bioplastics involves the use of raw materials derived from wastes. Raw materials are of vital importance for human and animal health and due to their economic and environmental benefits. Among these, wood waste is gaining popularity as an innovative raw material for biopolymer manufacturing. On the other hand, the use of wastes as a source to produce biopolymers and biocomposites is still under development and the processing methods are currently being studied in order to reach a high reproducibility and thus increase the yield of production. This study therefore aimed to cover the current developments in the classification, manufacturing, performances and fields of application of bio-based polymers, especially focusing on wood waste sources. The work was carried out using both a descriptive and an analytical methodology: first, a description of the state of art as it exists at present was reported, then the available information was analyzed to make a critical evaluation of the results. A second way to employ wood scraps involves their use as bio-reinforcements for composites; therefore, the increase in the mechanical response obtained by the addition of wood waste in different bio-based matrices was explored in this work. Results showed an increase in Young’s modulus up to 9 GPa for wood-reinforced PLA and up to 6 GPa for wood-reinforced PHA.