bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Somebody Spying on Us?
Authors: Deniz Şadiye
Published: August 2019

One of the concepts that have a strong and dominant effect in transforming the culture, individual, and society of social media has been privacy. Everything that belongs to our domestic space in modern times, which should not be known/seen by others, is made public by ourselves in the postmodern age with new media tools. In social networks focusing on vision and surveillance, privacy is restricted, eliminated, or stretched by individuals themselves for the creation of ideal profiles. The privacy settings that a person thinks are under his control seriously affect the way he uses social media. This chapter will try to determine which subject/situation/images are perceived as intimate among university students, and how the boundaries of social media and privacy are drawn and transformed. The study is based on the assumption that the level of privacy awareness and the level of knowledge control influence the quality and frequency of social media sharing of users.
Virtual Resistance of “Çiftlik (Farm) Bank Scapegoats” and Discursive Atonement of “Being Scammed”
Authors: Sönmez Gurur , Keskin Savaş
Published: August 2019

Çiftlik Bank (Farm Bank) is an investment system based on fraud that may be described to be a Ponzi scheme as a commercial term. It reached thousands of investors in Turkey via the service it provided over the internet and attracted attention by leaving a high profit margin for its investors for some time and using some abstract concepts that are held sacred by the majority. Çiftlik Bank created an earning-oriented exclusivity for its investors, but also created suitable scapegoats for the community, along with fraud. This chapter focuses on the rhetorical conflict between the scapegoat virtual group organized with the name “Çiftlik Bank Victims” on Facebook, and the society, as well as the activities of regaining the contingent/select identity.
Real-Time Marketing as a New Marketing Approach in the Digital Age
Authors: Bazarcı Selçuk
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, in order for brands to respond to consumer expectations, digital media efforts need to be involved in the brand communication process. Brands have a unique way to remind their names in a consumer's mind with real-time marketing. In addition, real-time marketing offers a way to make it easier for marketers to reach their target audiences at a low cost when increasing the speed and functionality of information. In this chapter, real-time marketing posts that have high user interaction on Twitter are handled in the context of their process, content features, and message appeal. Examined were 185 tweets. According to the data obtained, brands are trying to create positive brand image for consumers. Besides, it has been determined that both informational and emotional appeals are used intensively in order to create brand awareness.
Social Networks
Authors: Akmeşe Zuhal
Published: August 2019

The development of technology at an incredible speed today and the fact that the internet has become an important area of social life has led to differentiation in the structure of mass communication and content production, too. This differentiation has stimulated advertisers and companies to reach the target audience through social networks with many users and different characteristics. Companies employ different strategies to be effective in these platforms. One of these strategies is collaboration with social media phenomenon. The relationship between the social networks considered as the new medium of advertising, social media phenomenon identified as influencer in these networks, and advertising is examined within the scope of this chapter. In this context, data obtained from interviews with 50 Instagram phenomenon by using semi-structured interview technique, which is a qualitative research method, were analyzed and advertising collaborations with influencers in social networks were evaluated.
The Privacy Paradox in the Big Data Era? No Thanks, We Are the E-People
Authors: Vassallo Marco
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work is to propose a new perspective in understanding the phenomenon of online behaviors, termed the privacy paradox, i.e., worry on preserving personal data and contents, but a little attention to disclose them, and thus introducing the new definition of e-people. The provocative hypothesis of this study regards the internet users who, in the Big Data era, are affected by a common covariation of being e-popular/e-visible, e-narcissist, e-(socially)-accepted, e-remembered. These e-behaviors will be conceptually gathered under the term of Achilles' paradigm. A structured web-questionnaire was submitted to a convenience sample of 198 internet users. First and second-order confirmatory factor analyses together with latent means models concretely supported the existence of the Achilles' paradigm and its impact on the privacy paradox concerns. As a result, the privacy paradox is not an effective paradox anymore: self-disclosing privacy online seems to be a well-accepted behavior.
IoT-Based Real Time Air Pollution Monitoring System
Authors: Cynthia J.  , Saroja M.N.  , Sultana Parveen , Senthil J.
Published: August 2019

Humans can be adversely affected by exposure to air pollutants in ambient air. Hence, health-based standards and objectives for a number of pollutants in the air are set by each country. Detection and measurement of contents of the atmosphere are becoming increasingly important. Careful planning of measurements is essential. One of the major factors that influence the representativeness of data collected is the location of monitoring stations. The planning and setting up of a monitoring station are complex and incurs a huge expenditure. An IoT-based real time air pollution monitoring system is proposed to monitor the pollution levels of various pollutants in Coimbatore city. The geographical area is classified as industrial, residential and traffic zones. This article proposes an IoT system that could be deployed at any location and store the measured value in a cloud database, perform pollution analysis, and display the pollution level at any given location.
Connecting Enterprise Architecture and Project Portfolio Management
Authors: Gellweiler Christof
Published: August 2019

Enterprise architecture (EA) and project portfolio management (PPM) are key areas when it comes to connecting enterprise strategy and information technology (IT) projects. Both management disciplines enhance business capabilities, integrate skilled resources, and govern affiliated processes and functions. A skillful comprehension of the links between these managerial areas is essential for effective IT planning. This article elaborates on the common grounds and structural attachment of EA and PPM, showing the substantiated relations between them and demonstrating their cohesiveness. From strategic planning to solution delivery, a conceptual model for IT project alignment integrates these IT management disciplines over two levels. EA ascertains the technical goals and constraints, whereas PPM determines the organizational goals and constraints. The results from both sides are combined to jointly propose, select, prioritize, and schedule IT projects. Roadmapping is a suitable approach to bring EA and PPM together.
Simulating Timing Behaviors for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Modelica
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhao Mengyao , Wu Linbo , Chen Xiaohong
Published: August 2019

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) connect the cyber world with the physical world through a network of interrelated elements, such as sensors and actuators, robots, and other computing devices. Timing constraints on the interactions (timing behaviors) should be modelled and verified as cyber-physical systems are becoming more and more complex. This article proposes modeling the typical timing behaviors according to their time characteristics, periodicity, multiform time, and synchronization, and verifies them against properties using simulations. Sequence diagrams are presented for the modeling, and modelica is used for simulation. In the simulation, the time dependence relations are defined, and used for simulation parameter data automatic generation, in addition to the paths from the sequence diagrams. Finally, a Parachute System is used as an example to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.
Analysis of Geometric Variation of Three Degrees of Freedom through the Constructal Design Method for a Oscillating Water Column Device with Double Hidropneumatic Chamber
Authors: Lima Yuri T.B. , Gomes Mateus das Neves , Cardozo Camila F. , Isoldi Liércio André , dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a biphasic two-dimensional numerical study of sea wave energy converters with operating principle being Oscillating Water Column (CAO) devices with two couples chambers. For the study of the geometric optimization, the Constructal Design method is applied in association with the exhaustive search method to determine the geometric arrangement that leads to the greatest hydropneumatic power available. The objective function is the maximization of hydropneumatic power converted by the device. The constraints of the problem are the inflow volumes of the hydropneumatic chamber (VE1, VE2), the total volumes (VT1, VT2) and the thicknesses of the device columns (e1, e3). The degrees of freedom analyzed were H1/L1(ratio between height and length of the hydropneumatic chamber of the first device), H2/L2 (ratio between height and length of the hydropneumatic chamber of the second device), H2 (height of the column dividing the two devices) and e2 (thickness of the column dividing the devices). In the present work the degree of freedom H6 (depth of immersion of the device) is kept constant and equal to H6 = 9.86 m. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) was used in the numerical solution of the equations employed. For the treatment of the interaction between the air and water phases, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was applied. The results show that the maximum hydropneumatic power available was 5715.2 W obtained for degrees of freedom H1/L1 = H2/L2 = 0.2613 and e2 = 2.22 m. The case of lower performance has a power value equal to 4818.5 W with degrees of freedom equal to H1/L1 = H2/L2 = 0.2613 and e2 = 0.1 m.
Wave Energy Generation Potential for a Point Absorber Type WEC on the Brazilian Coast
Authors: Guimarães Ricardo Cardoso , Oleinik Phelype Haron , Kirinus Eduardo de Paula , Marques Wiliam Correa
Published: August 2019

Wave energy studies have increased by a large amount in the last years. Basically, the studies are divides either at describing the wave characteristics of the study region, either to develop and optimize wave energy converters (WEC’s). This study aims to characterize in part the wave potential of the brazilian coast, and after that, calculate how much energy would be generate by a point-absorber type WEC in a set of different locations. It was found that Rio Grande do Sul alongside Santa Catarina state presented the higher potentials amongst all the brazlian coast. Mean while, at Rio Grande do Norte state, the variability of the waves were lower when compared to the south region of Brazil. This study aims to serve as indicator to interest regions with wave power capabilities in the alongside the brazilian shore.
An ADMM-AHM Integrated Approach for Problems with Rapidly Oscillating Coefficients
Authors: da Costa Camila Pinto , Ferreira Amanda Mallüe , Pérez-Fernández Leslie D. , Castillero Julián Bravo
Published: August 2019

The Advection-Diffusion Multilayer Method (ADMM) emerged to address the solution of advection-diffusion equations with variable coefficients in the context of pollutant dispersion modeling. The ADMM is based on the piecewise-constant approximation of the variable coefficients and the application of the Laplace transform. Applications of ADMM in other areas are potentially relevant for modeling the behavior of heterogeneous media. However, if such heterogeneity is characterized by rapidly oscillating coefficients, the direct application of the ADMM would increase the computational effort needed, as it would require a very fine discretization of the domain. In order to overcome such a drawback, in this contribution, an alternative approach combining the ADMM with the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) is presented. The ADMM-AHM integrated approach is compared to the direct application of the ADMM in order to assess the accuracy of the estimations of the solution of the original problem, and the computational efficiency.
Performance Evaluation of InGaAs Dielectric Engineered Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Azam Sayed Mohammad Tariful , Bakibillah A.S.M. , Kamal M.A.S.
Published: August 2019

In this paper for the first time, the performance of Dielectric Engineered Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (DE-TFETs) is evaluated on the InGaAs channel. Two DE-TFETs based on gate-dielectric structures, namely, Device-A and Device-B are modeled and characterized for both n-type and p-type operations to attain low subthreshold slope (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) using La2O3 as high-k gate dielectric. A structural modification of Device-B is illustrated that improves the on-state current (Ion), SS, and DIBL. Then, performance of both devices are analyzed based on physical oxide thickness (Tox). The simulation results show that the modified Device-B has the lowest SS of 15.31 mV/dec and 54.64 mV/dec, Ion/Ioff ratio of ~109 and ~106 with off-state current (Ioff) of ~10-15 A/µm and ~10-12 A/µm for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively. Furthermore, the performance parameters of both devices are studied for digital and analog applications and it is found that the modified Device-B can be a potential candidate for future digital applications due to its low power dissipation of 13.55 µW/µm and 27.56 µW/µm for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively. On the other hand, Device-A shows high transconductance (gm) of 722.52 µS/µm and 424.3 µS/µm and cut-off frequency (fT) of 211.95 GHz and 290.86 GHz for n-DE-TFET and p-DE-TFET, respectively, and can be a viable candidate for future low power analog applications.
Lichen Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of its Neurotoxic Effects on Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Koca Fatih Doğan , Ünal Gökhan , Halici Mehmet Gökhan
Published: August 2019

Nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nm are synthesized by chemical and physical methods. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is very popular in science recently. The aim of the study is green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the lichen extract (Ramalina fraxinea) and investigating the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y). Despite the widespread use of ZnO NPs, a limited number of studies have investigated the neurobiological effects of ZnO NP. Therefore, we tested the neurotoxic effect of green synthesized ZnO NPs administration and its neuroprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The absorbance peak of the ZnO NPs was detected by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) at 330 nm. The average diameter of ZnO NPs was measured as about 21 nm by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images. According to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) diagram, ZnO NPs were hexagonal in structure. The peaks observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) test showed functional groups in the structure of the nanoparticles. According to our results, ZnO NPs may have beneficial effects at the low concentrations while neurotoxic effects at the higher doses in SH-SY5Y. In addition, we indicate that hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death could not reverse by ZnO NPs and its higher doses potentiated the neurodegenerative effect of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, here we report that ZnO NPs, widely used in various products, may have beneficial or harmful effects in a dose-dependent manner and play a role in neuropsychiatric disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. This is the first study dealing with neurotoxicity on SHSY-5Y of Ramalina fraxinea extract based ZnO NPs.
Effect of Sugarcane Baggasse Fiber on Tensile Properties and Water Uptake Behaviour of Polypropylene(PP) Composites
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Bellal , Bari Md. Solaiman , Nobi Ashiqun
Published: August 2019

Sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) based composites were prepared by compression molding. The fiber content was 40% by weight. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM) and elongation break (Eb%) of the composites were found to be 51MPa, 1414 MPa and 14% respectively. The TS, TM and Eb% of the PP sheet were 25 MPa, 456 MPa and 76% respectively. Due to fiber reinforcement, an increase of 102% TS and 210% TM, was noticed. Water uptake test was carried out by immersing the composite sample in deionized water and it was noticed that water uptake was lower for sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced PP composite. Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was employed for functional groups analysis of the fabricated composite.
Double Diffusive Convection in Flow Couple Stress Nanofluid in a Permeable Wall Vertical Channel in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Messaoudi Noureddine , Bouaziz Mohamed Nadjib , Ali Agha Hamza
Published: August 2019

In this work, the flow of a couple stress nanofluid in a vertical channel with heat and mass transfer in the presence of a magnetic field and taking account the Brownian motion, the thermophoresis as well as the effect of Soret and Dufour was simulated numerically using Matlab following the code bvp4c. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing this particular flow are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations via the similarity technique. The influence of the parameters describing the behavior of the problem studied on the velocity, temperature, concentration and volume fraction fields of the nanoparticles, as well as on the coefficient of friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, were highlighted for the end of the study. understand their effect on heat and mass transfer. The rheology of the nanofluid and the magnetic field have a strong impact on the velocity and temperature profiles, while the parameters of Brownian motion and thermophoresis promote heat transfer.
Influence of Non-Linear Boussinesq Approximation and Convective Thermal Boundary Condition on MHD Natural Convection Flow of a Couple Stress-Nanofluid in a Porous Medium
Authors: Tayeb Mhamed , Bouaziz Mohamed Nadjib , Hanini Salah
Published: August 2019

Nonlinear density and temperature variation’s role (NDT) on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow of couple stress fluid with nanoparticles through a vertical porous channel modeled as Darcy-Forchheimer flow is the purpose of our work. The nanoparticles volume fraction is taken into consideration (Buongiorno model). The nonlinear partial differential equations governing this flow were transformed into ordinary differential equations via the similarity technique and simulated numerically using Matlab, following boundary value problem (BVP4c) code. Graphical illustrations, including non-dimensional velocity, temperature, concentration, nanoparticle’s concentration and numerical results containing Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were presented for different values of the non-linear part of the Boussinesq approximation; couple stress parameter, and the Biot number on the walls.
Non-Linear Model for a Spiral Porous Fin Subjected to Darcy Flow
Authors: Daradji N. , Bouaziz Mohamed Nadjib
Published: August 2019

In this study, the temperature distribution equation for a spiral porous fin is presented. Based on Darcy’s model, a mathematical equation of the energy is derived and a suitable dimensionless form is outlined to highlight some characteristic parameters, namely, the spiral fin pitch, the porosity, and the modified Rayleigh number. The behavior of the solution is analyzed for two cases of interest, taking into account the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the fin encountered in a hostile environment. A Numerical method is applied to solve this non-linear problem. It is found that the thermal transfer is not affected by the change of the spiral fin pitch, whereas increasing the porosity or the parameter β* makes higher fin temperature and improve the fin efficiency.
Mechanical stimulation from plant contact and wind negatively impact pea aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indirectly through host plants
Authors: Follman Tyler J. , Valls Aleix , Kral-O’Brien Katherine C. , Harmon Jason P.
Published: August 2019

Global change research has shown how altering factors like temperature and precipitation can impact insect ecology. However, despite global changes in wind patterns, the effects of altering wind have been relatively unexplored, and even less is understood about indirect effects on insects. To better understand indirect effects of wind on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); Hemiptera: Aphididae), we performed two experiments using different techniques for simulating mechanical stimulation effects from wind. First, we used either a brush or leaf to simulate plant-to-plant contact caused by wind. Then we tested the indirect effects of wind by distinguishing between wind and wind plus plant contact produced by adjacent plants. In the first experiment, aphid fecundity was reduced on plants with the leaf-to-plant treatment compared to the control. In the second experiment, wind treatments reduced pea aphid fecundity, but wind did not interact with plant density. Our results further the idea that altering wind patterns can influence plant–insect interactions. We also show that more research is necessary to disentangle how and why wind indirectly influences herbivores. Future research should focus on how pea aphid responses to wind change due to the methodology of wind exposure and interactions with additional biotic and abiotic factors.
Active Stabilization of Slung Loads in High-Speed Flight Using Cable Angle Feedback
Authors: Scaramal Mariano , Enciu Jacob , Horn Joseph
Published: August 2019

This paper addresses the problem of active stabilization of slung loads up to 130 kt. To demonstrate the method, simulations of a utility helicopter with a dynamic inversion controller (as its automatic flight control system) and a CONEX cargo container were used. An airspeed-scheduled
controller utilizing cable angle feedback was designed for the nonlinear-coupled system by the classic root locus technique. Nonlinear simulations of straight and level flight at different airspeeds were used to validate the controller performance in stabilizing the load pendulum motions.
Controller performance was also evaluated in complex maneuvers with different levels of turbulence. The results show that using cable angle feedback provides or improves system stability when turbulence is not included in the simulation. When light/moderate turbulence is present, sustained
limit cycle oscillations are avoided by the use of the controller. For severe turbulence levels, the controller did not provide any significant improvement.
Actions speak louder: Young female patients with acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department
Authors: Saban Mor , Shachar Tal , Patito Heli , Zaretsky Lev
Published: August 2019

The aim was to explore the diagnostic cascade of young females with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the emergency department (ED) setting. A retrospective case series study was conducted between the years 2016-2018 in the ED of a tertiary hospital (N=10). We collected socio-demographic data, clinical risk factors and co-morbidities, ED characteristics and medical examination related data. Ten females presenting with AIS were identified. Results show that each case had a variety of characteristics, there are no similar medical background or clear-cut risk factors, and each case has been presented clinically different. All these factors, with the possible added effect of age and sex bias serve as possible hindrance for correct and efficient diagnosis of stroke in young females. In conclusion, clinical presentation of young female with AIS is misleading. Initial examination in the ED setting may appear to be the determining point of impact on the outcome severity in young females.
Orofacial muscles activity in children with swallowing dysfunction and removable functional appliances
Authors: Messina Giuseppe , Giustino Valerio , Martines Francesco , Rizzo Serena , Pirino Alessio , Scoppa Fabio
Published: August 2019

Swallowing dysfunction is a frequent disorder among children and refers to an altered tongue posture and abnormal tongue movement during swallowing. Removable functional appliance is one of the treatments applied by dentistry to correct this disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate any differences on orofacial muscles activity in children with swallowing dysfunction with and without removable functional appliances. 68 children were eligible for the study and divided into the orthodontic group (OG) and the no-orthodontic group (NO-OG). Both groups performed a dental occlusion-class evaluation, a swallowing function test and a myoscan analysis in order to measure perioral forces (i.e. tongue extension force, lip pressure, masseter contraction force). Our results showed a significant difference (P=0.02) between OG and NO-OG for the tongue extension force, whereas no significant differences (P>0.05) were found for the other parameters. Our findings suggest that children with swallowing dysfunction and removable functional appliance show orofacial muscles activity within the range of reference values (except for the lip pressure). However, we hypothesize that orthodontic treatment can achieve more effective results with integration of myofunctional therapy.
Effects of a vibrational proprioceptive stimulation on recovery phase after maximal incremental cycle test
Authors: Coscia Francesco , Gigliotti Paola V. , Piratinskij Alexander , Pietrangelo Tiziana , Verratti Vittore , Foued Saadsaoud , Diemberger Igor , Fanò-Illic Giorgio
Published: August 2019

Global Proprioceptive Resonance (GPR) is a recently developed approach conceived to solicit the various cutaneous mechanoreceptors, through application of mechanical multifocal vibration at low amplitude and at definite body sites, limiting the stimulation of the profound structures. This interventional study evaluated the effects of GPR on cardiorespiratory function during the post-exertional recovery period. A group of volunteers involved in Triathlon (a multisport discipline consisting of sequential swim, cycle, and run disciplines higly demanding in terms of metabolic engagment), underwent two maximal incremental exercise tests until exhaustion followed alternatively to (a) a 13 minutes section of GPR or (b) a standard low intensity exercise acute trend of the same duration. These effects of these two approaches were compared in terms of recovery of: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and venous lactate concentration (Lac). The physiological parameters (HR, RR, SpO2 and Lac) recorded in the pre-exertion session showed similar values between the 40 volunteers while several differences were recorded in the post-exertion phase. After 6 min of GPR recovery it was recorded a drop in RR below baseline (19.4±4.15 min-1 vs. 12.2± 0.4 min-1; p<0.001) coupled with an increase in peripheral oxygen saturation above the baseline (GPR: 99.0%±0.16% vs. 96.6%±0.77%, p<0.001). Moreover, the most striking result was the drop in lactate concentration measured after 13 min of GPR recovery: 84.5±3.5% in GPR vs 2.9±7.6% reduction in standard recovery (p<0.001). Notably no differences were recorded recovery of heart rate. GPR has promising effects on post-exercise recovery on RR, SpO2 and lactate level on young athletes.
Motion Sickness Susceptibility and Baseline Vestibular and Ocular-Motor Performance in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Elbin R. J. , Kontos Anthony P. , Sufrinko Alicia , McElroy Mallory , Stephenson-Brown Katie , Mohler Samantha , D'Amico Nathan R. , Collins Michael W.
Published: August 2019

Context

High school athletes with a history of motion sickness susceptibility exhibit higher baseline vestibular and ocular-motor scores than those without a history of motion sickness susceptibility.

Objective

To examine the effects of motion sickness susceptibility on baseline vestibular and ocular-motor functioning, neurocognitive performance, and symptom scores.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Preseason concussion testing.

Patients or Other Participants

A convenience sample of high school athletes (N = 308, age = 15.13 ± 1.21 years) involved in a variety of sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening, computerized neurocognitive assessment, symptom scale, and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire-Short Form (MSSQ-S).

Results

Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on a median split of the scores (eg, NONE, LOW, and HIGH). The LOW (n = 95) and HIGH (n = 92) groups (ie, MSSQ-S score > 0) were 2.64 times more likely (χ21,257 = 7.94, P = .01, 95% confidence interval = 1.32, 5.26) to have baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening scores larger than the clinical cutoffs for the NONE group (n = 70). No between-groups main effects were present for the NONE (n = 52), LOW (n = 89), and HIGH (n = 90) MSSQ-S groups for verbal (F2,230 = .09, P = .91, η2 = .001) and visual (F2,230 = .15, P = .86, η2 = .001) memory, processing speed (F2,230 = .78, P = .46, η2 = .007), or reaction time (F2,230 = 2.21, P = .11, η2 = .002). The HIGH group exhibited higher total baseline symptom scores than the LOW (U = 3325.50, z = −1.99, P = .05, r = .15) and NONE (U = 1647.50, z = −2.83, P = .005, r = .24) groups.

Conclusions

Motion sickness should be considered a preexisting risk factor that might influence specific domains of the baseline concussion assessment and postinjury management.
Enhancing diversity via affirmative action: A case study of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: Breakfast Ntsikelelo B. , Maart Brigitte
Published: August 2019

Background: This article examines diversity within the context of affirmation action, with specific reference to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The Employment Equity Act, 1998 (Act 55 of 1998), is a policy instrument through which affirmation action and organisational diversity are promoted in post-apartheid South Africa to increase the economic participation of designated groups.Aim: Against this background, the aim of this article is to investigate the influence of the Employment Equity Act, 1998, on diversity management in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality.Setting: The guiding research question of this article is: what is the effective way of implementing affirmative action measures through Employment Equity Act, 1998 (Act 55 of 1998), in particular in promoting diversity in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality?Methods: A qualitative approach is employed to explore and describe the complexities at play in this article.Results: The findings of this article suggest that the goal and vision of diversity management should consistently be communicated in clear terms to all affected, especially the employees as they are most affected by it.Conclusion: This article contributes to the scholarship of Public Administration and Management surrounding the ongoing debate in South Africa with regard to transformation, organisation diversity and policy implementation of affirmative action. The central thesis of this article is that adequate policy execution of diversity and employment equity will improve service delivery alongside customer satisfaction.
Biblical cartography and the (mis)representation of Paul’s missionary travels
Authors: Guijarro Santiago
Published: August 2019

Biblical cartography has elaborated a master narrative of Paul’s missionary activity. This master narrative, which clearly distinguishes between three different journeys, is omnipresent and can easily be found in Bibles and atlases. Nevertheless, Paul’s letters and the book of Acts do not support such a clear distinction. The present study contends that the distinction between three missionary journeys is a modern construct and that this way of representing Paul’s missionary activity has a significant impact on how we understand it. By representing Paul’s missionary activity as an orderly sequence of three travels, the maps not only minimise the novelty of his independent mission but also minimise Paul’s confrontation with the Jerusalem church. In this representation, he is no longer the marginal leader of a minority movement within the nascent church, but ‘the’ missionary. The portrayal of the missionary activity of Paul in biblical maps is an example of the uncritical transfer of exegetical traditions, and of the role of these traditions in the creation of a master narrative of Christian origins.
The development of scientific reasoning of preschool children: Micro-analysis of mind–material–body integration
Authors: Van Niekerk Retha
Published: August 2019

Background: This article argues that the emergence of scientific reasoning in the preschoolyears could be augmented by caregivers and preschool teachers through nurturing ‘Habits ofMind’ (HOM) and ‘Habits of Body’ (HOB) of young children. This type of mind–material–body integration is proposed from an epistemological position that comprises a Hybrid(morphinuum) of theories about early learning and human development.Aim: The aim of this article is to present an exemplar of the capacity of one preschooler toshow emergence and integration of two HOM, namely conjecturing and reasoning withinvariance, in tandem with the Habit of Body (HOB), namely hand-eye coordination that canlay the foundation for scientific reasoning in the early years.Setting: The study referred to in this article is an exemplar (case study) taken from a larger,18-month educational design research intervention, the ‘Little African Scientists Project’. Thatstudy investigated the emergent scientific HOM and HOB through a multimodal materialapproach to pedagogy at preschool level (Grade RR to R).Methods: A three-layered digital video analysis was utilised to interpret the data pertaining toa specific interaction of one child, who was manipulating magnets during one of the manyfree-play activities that formed part of the larger project.Results: Several specific HOM and HOB were evident in the one child who was engaged in anactivity in which he was moving magnets. Two HOM that emerged were those of making andtesting conjectures and reasoning with invariance, while the HOB that emerged was a closealignment of hand movement and eye coordination.Conclusion: This type of close observation and micro-analysis could be utilised for studies ofmore children in similar settings.
Implementação de políticas públicas: a organização do esporte e lazer no programa Novo Mais Educação na rede municipal de educação de Ponta Grossa – Paraná (2017)
Authors: Sousa Diego Petyk de , Paula Erica Fernanda De , Maranho Mariana Ciminelli , Antunes Alfredo Cesar , Oliveira Junior Constantino Ribeiro de
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender a organização para a implementação do esporte e lazer no Programa Novo Mais Educação na Rede Municipal de Educação de Ponta Grossa – Paraná (2017). Para tanto, utiliza-se das estratégias de Estudo de Caso e Análise de Conteúdo . Desse modo, observa-se que quatro escolas não receberam o programa, sendo que uma delas encaixava-se nos critérios preferenciais de seleção. As atividades do núcleo optativo do ‘Campo de Arte e Cultura’ foram mais escolhidas pelos gestores das escolas se comparadas às de ‘Esporte e Lazer’. Dentre as atividades mais escolhidas, destacam-se a dança, judô e xadrez. O que permite concluir que todas as escolas optaram por alguma atividade da Cultura Corporal.
Educação e sensibilidade: o brincar e o se-movimentar da criança pequena na escola
Authors: Surdi Aguinaldo Cesar , Freitas Rodrigues Wanessa Cristina Maranhão de , Freire Erika  Janaina Santiago Moreira , Kunz Elenor
Published: August 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo central investigar como o brincar e o se-movimentar são proporcionados no espaço escolar e de que maneira eles contribuem para a educação da sensibilidade da criança pequena. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso que envolveu duas escolas municipais da cidade de Capinzal, SC; uma localizada no interior do município e a outra na cidade. Foi selecionada uma turma de crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade em cada escola, que totalizaram 40 crianças. Constatou-se que o brincar e o se-movimentar nas escolas estudadas acontecem muitas vezes por intermédio do controle dos professores, sempre com o intuito de promover uma competição e de chegar a um resultado final. Portanto, nas escolas investigadas, o incentivo à construção de situações que possibilitem o desenvolvimento da sensibilidade recebe pouca importância, o que compromete significativamente a educação da sensibilidade dessas crianças e limita o poder de criação.
How Well Do Economists Forecast Recessions?
Authors: An Zidong , Jalles João Tovar , Loungani Prakash
Published: August 2019

We describe the evolution of forecasts in the run-up to recessions. The GDP forecasts cover 63 countries for the years 1992 to 2014. The main finding is that, while forecasters are generally aware that recession years will be different from other years, they miss the magnitude of the recession by a wide margin until the year is almost over. Forecasts during non-recession years are revised slowly; in recession years, the pace of revision picks up but not sufficiently to avoid large forecast errors. Our second finding is that forecasts of the private sector and the official sector are virtually identical; thus, both are equally good at missing recessions. Strong booms are also missed, providing suggestive evidence for Nordhaus’ (1987) view that behavioral factors—the reluctance to absorb either good or bad news—play a role in the evolution of forecasts.
Economic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Melina Giovanni , Portillo Rafael
Published: August 2019

We compare business cycle fluctuations in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries vis-à-vis the rest of the world. Our main results are as follows: (i) African economies stand out by their macroeconomic volatility, which is is reflected in the volatility of output and other macro variables; (ii) inflation and output tend to be negatively correlated; (iii) unlike advanced economies and emerging markets (EMs), trade balances and current accounts are acyclical in SSA; (iv) the volatility of consumption and investment relative to GDP is larger than in other countries; (v) the cyclicality of consumption and investment is smaller than in advanced economies and EMs; (vi) there is little comovement between consumption and investment; (vii) consumption and investment are strongly positively correlated with imports.
The Financial Inclusion Landscape in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Jahan Sarwat , De Jayendu , Jamaludin Fazurin , Sodsriwiboon Piyaporn , Sullivan Cormac
Published: August 2019

Financial inclusion is a multidimensional concept and countries have chosen diverse methods of enhancing financial inclusion with varying degrees of results. The heterogeneity of financial inclusion is particularly striking in the Asia-Pacific region as member countries range from those that are at the cutting edge of financial technology to others that are aiming to provide access to basic financial services. The wide disparity is not only inter-country but also intra-country. The focus of this paper is to take stock of the current state of financial inclusion in the Asia-Pacific region by highlighting twelve stylized facts about the state of financial inclusion in these countries. The paper finds that the state of financial inclusion depends on several factors, but a holistic approach calibrated to specific country conditions may lead to greater financial inclusion.
Decomposing the Inflation Dynamics in the Philippines
Authors: Guo Si , Karam Philippe , Vlcek Jan
Published: August 2019

Inflation rates rose sharply in the Philippines during 2018. Understanding the demand and supply sources of inflation pressures is key to monetary policy response. Qualitatively, indicators have pointed to evidence of inflation pressures from both sides in 2018, with the supply factors, by and large, associated with commodity-price shocks and demand factors deduced from gleaning at the wider non-oil trade deficits seen in the Philippines. Quantitatively, we deploy a semi-structural model to decompose the contributions of various shocks to inflation. Our main findings are (1) supply factors (mainly global commodity prices) played a prominent role in explaining the rise in inflation in 2018; (2) demand factors also contributed to inflation in a non-negligible way, justifying the need for tighter monetary policy in 2018; (3) the size of the estimated output gap (an important indicator of demand pressures) could be larger, when considering the widening trade deficits in 2018; and (4) a delayed monetary policy tightening can be costly in terms of higher inflation rates, requiring larger and more aggressive interest rate hikes to bring inflation under control, based on a counterfactual exercise.
Dominican Republic
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: August 2019

The Dominican economy has enjoyed strong growth since 2014 (6.6 percent, the highest in the Western Hemisphere), supported by stable macroeconomic and financial policies, and a favorable external environment. Growth has generally been above potential, but inflation remains muted and the external position is in line with fundamentals. The strong economic and policy performance has strengthened resilience to downside risks, but vulnerabilities remain. The fiscal position is under moderate sustainability and affordability pressures; key structural bottlenecks have not been addressed; and social outcomes can be further strengthened. Upcoming elections in 2020 are likely to dominate the near-term policy landscape.
Halogen activation and radical cycling initiated by imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde photochemistry
Authors: Corral Arroyo Pablo , Aellig Raffael , Alpert Peter A. , Volkamer Rainer , Ammann Markus
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles can contain light-absorbing
organic compounds, also referred to as brown carbon (BrC). The ocean surface
and sea spray aerosol particles can also contain light-absorbing organic species
referred to as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Many BrC and
CDOM species can contain carbonyls, dicarbonyls or aromatic carbonyls such
as imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC), which may act as photosensitizers
because they form triplet excited states upon UV–VIS light absorption. These
triplet excited states are strong oxidants and may initiate catalytic
radical reaction cycles within and at the surface of atmospheric aerosol
particles, thereby increasing the production of condensed-phase reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Triplet states or ROS can also react with halides,
generating halogen radicals and molecular halogen compounds. In particular,
molecular halogens can be released into the gas phase, which is one
halogen activation pathway. In this work, we studied the influence of bromide and
iodide on the photosensitized production and release of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) upon UV irradiation of films in a coated wall flow tube (CWFT) containing IC in a matrix of citric acid (CA) irradiated with UV light. In addition, we measured the iodine release upon irradiation of IC ∕ CA films in the CWFT. We developed a kinetic model coupling photosensitized CA oxidation with condensed-phase halogen chemistry to support data analysis and assessment of atmospheric implications in terms of HO2 production and halogen release in sea spray particles. As indicated by the experimental results and confirmed by the model, significant recycling of halogen species occurred via scavenging reactions with HO2. These prevented the full and immediate release of the molecular halogen (bromine and iodine) produced. Recycling was stronger at low relative humidity, attributed to diffusion limitations. Our findings also show that the HO2 production from BrC or CDOM photosensitized reactions can increase due to the presence of halides, leading to high HO2 turnover, in spite of low release due to the scavenging reactions. We estimated the iodine production within sea salt aerosol particles due to iodide oxidation by ozone (O3) at 5.0×10-6 M s−1 assuming O3 was in Henry's law equilibrium with the particle. However, using an O3 diffusion coefficient of 1×10-12 cm2 s−1, iodine activation in an aged, organic-rich sea spray is estimated to be 5.5×10-8 M s−1. The estimated iodine production from BrC photochemistry based on the results reported here amounts to 4.1×10-7 M s−1 and indicates that BrC photochemistry can exceed O3 reactive uptake in controlling the rates of iodine activation from sea spray particles under dry or cold conditions
where diffusion is slow within particles.
Insights on nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in global croplands from theoretical and modelling fertilization experiments
Authors: Ringeval Bruno , Kvakić Marko , Augusto Laurent , Ciais Philippe , Goll Daniel , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Müller Christoph , Nesme Thomas , Vuichard Nicolas , Wang Xuhui , Pellerin Sylvain
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Crossed fertilization additions are a common tool to assess nutrient interaction in a given ecosystem. Such fertilization experiments lead to the definition of nutrient interaction categories: e.g. simultaneous co-limitation, single resource response, etc. (Harpole et al., 2011). However, the implications of such categories in terms of nutrient interaction modeling are not clear. To this end, we developed a theoretical analysis of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization experiments based on the computation of ratios between plant demand and soil supply for each nutrient. The theoretical analysis is developed following two mathematical formalisms of interaction: Liebig's law of minimum and multiple limitation hypothesis. As results of the theoretical framework, we defined the corresponding between most Harpole categories and the values of the limitation by each nutrient when considered alone in the control experiment (i.e. without additional nutrient supply). We showed that synergistic co-limitation could occur even using Liebig's formalism under certain conditions as a function of the amount of N and P added in fertilization experiments. We then applied our framework with global maps of soil supply and plant demand for croplands to achieve their potential yield. This allowed us to estimate the global occurrence of each limitation category, for each of the possible interaction formalism. We found that a true co-limitation could affect a large proportion of the global crop area (e.g. ~ 42 % for maize) if multiple limitation hypothesis is assumed. Our work clarifies the conditions required to achieve N and P co-limitation as function of the interaction formalism. Combined with compilation of field trials in cropland, our study would improve our understanding of nutrient limitation in cropland at the global scale.