bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Intranet in a Global Organization
Authors: Pedley Paul
Published: November 2003

A study was undertaken to investigate the issues involved in the implementation of an intranet within a global organization, using data obtained from a case study based on The Economist Group, a leading global provider of information about financial tools with staff located across the Europe, Asia and North America/South America. The study took place as part of an exercise to create a Group intranet from a disparate collection of small intranets, each with its own layout and design. The existing intranets were developed with minimal resources and relied on the IT department to update them. They also suffered from the drawback that they had no particular structure and no agreed standards on design and content, making them difficult to navigate and with no search facility. A consultant produced a group intranet requirements document by interviewing key staff across the Group and ensuring that these were representative of the interests of the different businesses within the company, the different job functions and the different officelocations. The implementation of the intranet was conducted through a Project Board, set up for the purpose and consisting of key members of the Economist Group management committee, and Steering Group. The intranet aims to provide: an improved search facility and URL agent tool; calendars; better presentation of ‘‘my things to edit’’; housekeeping and archiving; picture archive; and discussions. The layout of the final Economist Group intranet consists of a homepage plus sections covering: news;staff directory (skills, areas of expertise); knowledge base provided by the business units; Group resources; applications, links; and social items. Enhancements made to the homepage include: a search box for users to look upa person in the staff directory; a search box for quick searches by word orphrase; a rolling list of new content added to the intranet; and locks showing the time in each of the main offices of the Group (London, Hong Kong, and New York).
Lawful Data Processing for Email and SMS Marketing
Authors: Westell Sheree , Wessing Taylor
Published: November 2003

The paradox facing all marketing professionals is that they must communicate their message to the widest target audience possible, while at the same time avoiding the legal issues associated with processing personal data and handling mailing lists in a lawful manner. SMS, Email and other technologies for the multiple dissemination of communications offer both great opportunities for presenting an company’s marketing message to a large number of target recipients and great dangers for overstepping the law or at the very least for causing irritation among potential customers. The key tosuccess in the use of SMS/email communication lies in the careful planning of campaigns that are aimed at audiences of willing participants. The legalissues that dominate this activity include: the consideration of the legality of the campaign, which includes the lawful processing of the data to be used, and the regulation of the data processing used to process the results. The key legislative and regulatory provisions that currently apply include: Data Protection Act 1998; Telecommunications (Data Protection and Privacy) Regulations 1999; E-Commerce Regulations 2002; and European Union Privacy in Electronic Communications Directive. A summary of each of these piecesof legislation governing direct marketing via email and SMS and the associated processing of data is presented. It is concluded that the practical measures under review are simply those that any responsible company might be willing to put in place without any coercion. In the end, companies accept that unsolicited and unwanted mail will only do long term harm to the brand and that accurate and lawful targeting of willing recipients and participants makes good sense as well as ensuring that the company complies with the law.
Enterprise Competencies for Effective Information Systems and Information Management
Authors: Jones Paul , Beynon-Davies Paul , Greaves Mike
Published: November 2003

A study of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Wales was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and competence of users of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS). A questionnaire survey, followed by selected follow-up interviews, was conducted: to determine levels of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) use by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Wales; to identify key factors influencing SMEs’ ability to exploit opportunities that technology offers; to investigate whether IT/IS is managed in an active and strategic fashion; to assess the use and management of data within these enterprises; and to consider whether SMEs have opportunities to create strategic advantage from IT/IS. The results indicated that the utilization of IT is increasing but the majority of SMEs are under-exploiting the potential benefits due to a lack of management direction. Nevertheless, although few SMEs are being seen to achieve competitive advantage, those enterprises that are doing so tend to be focusing on acquiring knowledge, using their flexibility and ability to react speedily and generating innovative solutions. Th study identified areas where further research was needed to support the findings, particularly in terms of the regularly review of the level and exploitation of IT/ IS within the SME sector within Wales and the rest of the UK via quantitative surveys providing a base for a longitudinal comparison of data; the investigation of the factors that deter IT/IS development within SMEs; and the review of IS/IT within individual SME industries and sectors, utilizing case study methodology and allowing for the qualitative analysis of key factors underpinning usage. (Part 1 of this article was published in the previous issue of Business Information Review).
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding
Authors: Shojaei Akbar , Ghaffarian S. Reza , Karimian S. Mohammad-Hossien
Published: November 2003

Three-dimensional isothermal mold filling of the resin transfer molding (RTM) process is simulated using the control volume finite element method (CV/FEM).Numerical scheme used in this study is based on the formulation of nodal partial saturation at the flow front. This approach enables to include a transient term in the working equation, removing the need for calculation of the time step to track the flow front in conventional scheme. In order to compare the resultsof the nodal partial saturation concept with the conventional method, a numerical scheme based on the quasi-steady state formulation is also presented. The resulting computer codes based on both numerical formulations, allow the prediction of flow front and pressure field in the 3-D molds with complex shapes. The validity of the two schemes is checked by analytical solutions for simple geometries, and experimental observations. Excellent agreements are observed for bothanalytical solutions and experimental results. Numerical examples areprovidedto demonstrate the applicability of the developed computer codes. The agreement between the results of two codes is found to be reasonable. The results show that the CPU time required for the algorithm based on the nodal partial saturation formulation is significantly less than the algorithm based on the quasi-steady state formulation on a personal computer and hence, the first one shows to be quite CPU time effective for the simulation of complicated 3-D geometries. Also, nodal partial saturation approach provides more accurate estimationof the flow front compared with the quasi-steady state approach in molds with complex geometries even at relatively coarse mesh.
A Study of Some Thermomechanical and Fractural Properties of Particle Reinforced Polymer Composites and SEM-Aided Microfailure Approach of CertainFracture Parameters
Authors: Kytopoulos V. N. , Sideridis E. , Bourkas G. D.
Published: November 2003

In the first part of this complex study the thermomechanical and fractural properties of particle reinforced polymer composites were experimentally obtained. The experimental values for modulus of elasticity, fracture stress, fracture strain and thermal expansion coefficient were compared with those derived from theoretical formulae existing in the literature and also from a theoretical model assuming the existence of an interphase between the two main phases the filler and the matrix. This model was used to obtain theoretical expressions for modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient.

The mechanical properties of the material used in this investigation were determined from tensile experiments carried out with a composite material made of epoxy resin reinforced with iron particles the volume fraction of which varies from 0 to 25% and in some cases up to 40%.

To obtain information concerning the thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature of the same material thermomechanical analysis (TMA) measurements were performed. The effects of heating rate and filler content on the glass transition temperature were examined.

In the second part of this study an attempt is made to explain on a more phenomenological basis the relative big discrepancies observed between theoretical models and experiments concerning certain strength parameters such as fracture stress and strain presented in the first part. This was possible by assuming a delayed kind of fracture behavior which was simulated by a subcritical crack growth based on the theory of elastic-small yielding fracture mechanics and by an arrest micromechanism. The above simulation in turn was achieved by a procedure of a semiquantitative gross estimation approach which has taken into consideration certain experimental fractographical and microstructural data such as interfacial decohesion features between grain and matrix, grain size and interinclusion spacing, parameters estimated by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) measurements.
Elastic–Plastic Stress Analysis in a Unidirectionally Reinforced Aluminum Metal–Matrix Composite Cantilever Beam Under a Bending Moment
Authors: Sayman Onur , Onel Kazim , Cocen Umiit
Published: November 2003

In this study, an elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out in a steel fiber reinforced aluminum metal–matrix composite cantilever beam. The composite beam is manufactured by squeeze casting method. It is loaded by a bending moment at the free end. In the solution, the material is assumed to be linear strain hardening. The orientation angles of the fibers are chosen as 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90. An analytical solution is carried out under the Bernoulli–Navier hypotheses for small plastic deformations. The magnitude of the residual stress component of x is maximized at the upper and lower surfaces. However, it becomes the highest at the boundary of the elastic and plastic regions for further expansions of the plastic zone. The magnitude of the residual stress component of x is found to be the highest for 0 orientation angle. It is also obtained that the vertical displacement is maximized for the same orientation angle.
Basic Principles in Materials Selection for Mechanical Fastening of Thermoplastics
Authors: Kagan Val A. , Weitzel Stephan P.
Published: November 2003

In this current paper, we are discussing basic principles in materials selection, which focused on utilization of the light alloys for manufacturing of fasteners for thermoplastics applications.

Proposed fastener(s) material replacement (from steel to aluminum) will allow to manage the stiffness considerations, short-term (strength) and long-term (life) performance of the assembled plastic parts for various automotive applications.

The results from this investigation provide recommendations on materials preselection for the design of fastened thermoplastic components with improved mechanical performance.
Investigation of the Impact of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Modulation of Poly(B-Hydroxybutyrate) Syntheses on Cell Interactions of the Resulting Polymers
Authors: Zanzig Julie , Marimuthu Balamurugan , Werka Jennifer , Scholz Carmen
Published: November 2003

Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), PHB is a bacterial polyester known for its excellent bone compatibility, however, the material lacks blood and tissue compatibility. Poly(ethylene glycol), PEG,-modulated fermentation of Alcaligenes latus and Azotobacter vinelandii UWD was employed to yield copolymers consisting of PHB and PEG that exhibit diminished cell-adhesion surface properties. PEGs with molecular weights of 3400, 2000, and 400 as well as diethylene glycol, DEG, and pentaerythritol ethoxylate, PEE, were used in a concentration of 2% (w/v) for amending the fermentation broths. This modulation of the fermentation conditions did not influence polymer yields. However, the resulting copolymers had drastically reduced molecular weights, 82% less for the DEG-amended fermentation of A. latus. The reduction in molecular weight was attributed to an end-capping reaction of the nascent PHB-chain with PEG and/or early chain termination by water facilitated by the presence of the highly hydrophilic PEG-molecules. The formation of a covalent linkage was proven unambiguously by H-NMR-spectroscopic methods only for the copolymers obtained in the DEG-modified fermentations of both strains. Cell growth experiments using SK-MEL 28 and MDA-MB 231 cells were used for the evaluation of polymer-cell interaction. Copolymer films obtained from PEG-modulated syntheses showed significantly less cell adhesion with reductions in cell adhesions; up to 74% less in the two-day experiments (MDA-MB 231 on the copolymer obtained in DEG-modified fermentation of A. latus) and 48% less in the seven-day experiments (SK-MEL 28 on the copolymer obtained in PEG 400-modified fermentation of A. vinelandii UWD). In the two-day experiments, no differences in the cellinteraction was observed between the polymers obtained from two different bacterial sources, the polymers differed in their long-term, seven-day, cell interaction with copolymers obtained from A. vinelandii UWD maintaining more effective cell repulsion.
Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities of Chitosan and Oligo-chitosan
Authors: Zhang Mi , Tan Tianwei , Yuan Huizhu , Rui Changhui
Published: November 2003

The activity of chitosan and oligo-chitosan on several plant insects and pathogens were studied. Chitosan was active against lepidopterous and homopterous insects; the mortality was 80%. The insecticidal activity of chitosan to Plutella xylostella L. was higher than that to Spodoptera exigua Hübner. The mortality of six types of aphids was generally 60–80%, and the highest was 99.7%. Some fungicidal activity by oligo-chitosan was observed on 12 plant pathogens. The inhibition effect of oligo-chitosan to plant pathogens was improved with increasing oligomer concentration. The highest inhibition rate (80%) was against Phomopsis asparagi (sacc.a) Bubak (95%) and the inhibition rate against Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) f. sp. Cucumernum owen, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium oxysporum Schl. F. Sp. Uasinfectum (Atk.) Snyd. & Hans.
In Vitro Cytocompatibility and Osteoinduction of Phosphorylated Chitosan with Osteoblasts
Authors: Zhu Y. , Wang Xiaohong , Cui F. Z. , Feng Q. L. , de Groot K.
Published: November 2003

The cytocompatibility and osteoinduction of water-soluble phosphorylated chitosan (P-chitosan), that was modified by PO23 groups, with neonatal rat osteoblasts in vitro was studied. To identify the biocompatibility of P-chitosan with osteoblasts, the biofunctions of osteoblast cells, in the presence of three different concentrations of P-chitosan solutions as culture media and DMEM with 10% FBS as controls, were determined. The osteoblast differences in the P-chitosan solutions and on chitosan films were also investigated with immunocytochemistry. It was found, based on the ALP activity and mineralization assay that water-soluble P-chitosan has excellent cytocompatibility compared to the chitosan without phosphorylated modification. P-chitosan concentrations as high as 2% had a significant influence on cytocompatibility and osteoinduction; one tissue (or derived product) caused a second undifferentiated tissue to differentiate into bone. Water-soluble P-chitosan could be a promising osteoinductive biomaterial for tissue engineering and orthopedic uses.
Moving Beyond the Ribbon
Authors: Moffett Jill
Published: November 2003

This article examines the contemporary breast cancer movement in the United States, arguing that mainstream advocacy groups employ a medicalized approach. These organizations focus on raising awareness, providing support systems, and raising money for medical research. I argue that organizations which address more structural issues—such as lack of access of care and lax environmental protection laws—provide a more useful model for breast cancer activism. The article suggests ways that the breast cancer movement could forge links with other social justice movements, such as the anti-globalization movement, the peace movement and the environmental justice movement.
The European Parliament and the Europeanization of Green Parties
Authors: Hines Eric H.
Published: November 2003

‘Europeanization’, or the adaptation of national political actors to European integration, has increased the professionalization of European Green parties. Previous studies of this phenomenon’s effects on the Greens have not fully accounted for the processes behind this form of party development. Using a qualitative adaptation of Harmel and Janda’s (1994) model of party change as a foundation, this article develops an explanation of how the European Parliament’s Rules of Procedure produced imperatives for increased co-operation that helped to reduce factionalism and promote professionalism within European Greens. These facilitated their ‘Europeanization’ and allowed them to affect the course of European integration.
Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis: Methods or Paradigms?
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: November 2003

Both conversation analysis (inspired by ethnomethodology) and discourse analysis (of the kind proposed and practised by Potter and Wetherell) are usually treated as self-sufficient approaches to studying the social world, rather than as mere methods that can be combined with others. And there are two areas where their conflict with other approaches is clearest. First, they reject the attribution of substantive and distinctive psychosocial features to particular categories of actor as a means of explaining human behaviour. Second, they reject use of what the people they study say aboutthe world as a source of information that can ever be relied on for analytic purposes. These two negative commitments mark conversation analysis and discourse analysis off from almost all other kinds of social scientific research. In this article, I consider how sound the justifications are for these commitments. I conclude that they are not convincing and that neither approach should be treated as a self-sufficient paradigm.
Incidence and Intensity of Smoothed Income Poverty in European Countries
Authors: Kuchler Birgit , Goebel Jan
Published: November 2003

The purpose of this paper is to obtain, by combining two longitudinal perspectives, a more detailed national picture of poverty in the member states of the European Union, using the first four waves (1994–7) of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). In addition to this detailed consideration is given to the time dimension, poverty incidence, poverty gap and poverty intensity. Overall, the ranking across countries and dimensions is relatively robust. Denmark and Portugal differ from the rest of the countries in each dimension. Other exceptions include France and Ireland, where poverty intensity is considerably lower than in the other welfare regimes. The results in terms of the different subgroups of poor individuals, namely transitory, intermittently and persistently poor, emphasize the importance of a more differentiated perspective on poverty, in particular concerning the relationship between social and demographic characteristics and individuals’ long-term income situation.
Analogues of Power
Authors: Hook Derek
Published: November 2003

This paper draws on Foucault’s multifaceted understanding of modern power, the sovereignty–discipline–government complex, as a means of re-conceptualizing, and finding critical analogues for, what is perhaps psychology’s most characteristic formof applied practice: psychotherapy. One of the chief assets of this model is that it enables one to think the dynamic interchange between capillary and modern state forms of power. An explication of this particular interchange is one of the primary focuses of this paper. A brief characterization of technologized disciplinarity is offered as a first tentative model for psychotherapeutic practice. Whereas the idea of a disciplinary technology provides a means of thinking the instrumentation of psychotherapeutic power, Foucault’s notion of the pastorate is seen as a means of thinking its rationality. The notion of technologies of subjectivity enables a way of conceiving of psychotherapy’s functionality as an interchange between a structural apparatus of influence and a micro-politics of self. The confluence of these notions allows one to speak meaningfully of a ‘governmental psychotherapy’, a complex mode of power that operates perhaps both more widely and more privately than one may at first have suspected.
Culture and the Individual
Authors: Craig A. P.
Published: November 2003

In this paper, I want to suggest a framework for the study of action that does notturn ‘culture’ and ‘psychological phenomena’ into two sides ofa dichotomy, but which is sensitive to the context of action. This is called for in view of what seem to be genuinely interesting developments in our thinking about ourselves: for example,theoretical and empirical attempts to re-unite brain, body, words and world in such a way thatit is no longer interesting to speculate merely about what is ‘in’, and opposed towhat is ‘outside’, the individual. Briefly, I propose a definition of culture thatseems to offer productive empirical possibilities. After this I suggest an empirical focus on task, participant(s) and situation, by way of explicating the resources and constraints operating during action-in-context.
Mixed Metaphors and Narrative Shifts
Authors: Jones Raya A.
Published: November 2003

Jungian archetype theory exemplifies tensions between ways of questioning in psychology. Jung anchors his thesis in the contrasting discourses of biology and metaphysics, though his narrative presents a ‘whole’ transcending both. The present focus is on itsproblematic touchdown in the discourse of science. The essay considers, in turn, tensions specific to Jung’s writing, tensions between Jungian theory development and the logic of scientific discovery, and tensions inherent in post-Jungian revisions of archetype theory, culminating in the relationship between saying and seeing problematized by Wittgenstein. Throughout,the essay engages with Jung’s theorizing as itself a creative process, the products of which (the specific propositions debated by his followers and critics) may be viewed as crossroads requiring readers of Jung to make decisions as to which way to turn. In closing, the possibility of integrating Jung’s thought with a dialogical approach is indicated.
Tripartite Concertation and Varieties of Capitalism
Authors: Regini Marino
Published: November 2003

The relatively recent literature on varieties of capitalism has developed alongside, and also overlapped with, the older debate on tripartite concertation as a form of regulation of the economy. Yet these two strands of research were by no means born with the same objectives and assumptions. This article examines different aspects of the relationship between them. The first three sections discuss the extent to which concerted regulation of the economy may beseen as the key feature of non-liberal capitalism — commonly termed ‘Rhineland capitalism’, ‘coordinated market economies’, and so on. The next two sections raise questions as to its continued viability. Thecentral question addressed is: under what conditions can the concerted regulation of the economy, largely successful in the past decade, but now increasingly questioned, still be a viable alternative to the dominant model of laissez-faire capitalism?
Welfare and Labour Market Reforms: A New Framework for Social Dialogue and Collective Bargaining?
Authors: Sarfati Hedva
Published: November 2003

This article examines the challenges raised for the social partners and collective bargaining by recent and planned reforms of the welfare state, necessitated by major changes in the labour market and the socio-economic context over the past three decades. The article highlights thesechanges as well as their policy implications. It shows how government policy has been constrained by a broad range of factors: notably, high unemployment, low labour force activity rates, growing female participation in the labour market, changes in family structures, demographic ageing, the shift to a post-industrial economy, thespread of economic liberalism and the European Growth and Stability Pact. Whilethere is no unique formula to address the complex issues involved in welfare reform, a comprehensive policy mix is required and seems feasible only through patient consensus building among all stakeholders, particularly the social partners. This is the lesson of successful reforms and appears to be the major challenge for preserving social cohesion and reviving collective bargaining.
Workers’ Power in Transition Economies: the Cases of Serbia and Slovenia
Authors: Stanojevi\#263; Miroslav
Published: November 2003

The root of the differences between the successful transition inSlovenia and the abortive transition in Serbia, the impetus for the divorce between Serbia and Slovenia which was the starting point of the disintegration of the former Yugoslav federation, lay in the qualitatively different reactions ofthe Serbian and Slovenian political elites to the workers’ strike movements of the second half of the 1980s and the early 1990s. In Serbia, the political faction which rejected market reform was the political victor. This faction used nationalism as an instrument for aggressive labour pacification. In Slovenia, the option of gradual market reforms won out. This option offered a ‘voice’ to the labour movement.
What do Representatives Think of the Practices of European Works Councils? Views from Six Countries
Authors: Waddington Jeremy
Published: November 2003

This article presents findings from a survey of European Works Council (EWC) representatives from six countries, exploring variations in terms of their nationality, whether they are office-holders and the country of originof their multinational employer. There is widespread dissatisfaction with the current practices of EWCs, particularly regarding the scope of the agenda and the quality of information and consultation. In addition, there is widespread support for revision of the Directive, particularly in areas that will improve thequality of information and consultation.
Employee Relations in German Multinationals in an Anglo-Saxon Setting: Toward a Germanic Version of the Anglo-Saxon Approach?
Authors: McDonald Frank , Tüselmann Heinz-Josef , Heise Arne
Published: November 2003

This study examines whether German multinationals operating in an Anglo-Saxon setting design their employee relations primarily on the German or the Anglo-Saxon model. The authors’ cross-sectional comparison with UK-owned firms provides no evidence of a transfer of the current German approach but does point to a distinctive Germanic version of the ‘high-road’ variant of the Anglo-Saxon approach. Intra-German analysis shows that this is most pronounced among the types of subsidiaries that are particularly significant for disseminating employment relations innovations across the multinational, but that these also have the highest incidence of collective arrangements and the lowest incidence of the ‘low-road’ variant of the Anglo-Saxon approach. In the light of recent reforms in the German industrial relations system, the findings point to an emerging new flexible collective approach with a comprehensive direct employee involvement dimension.
Youth Culture,Media and Globalization Processes in Greenland
Authors: Rygaard Jette
Published: November 2003

Globalization has been advantageous for Greenland, in that it has broken the country’s isolation. The disadvantages described as results of modernization and globalization processes, such as the annihilation of local cultures, giving rise to further stratification problems or causing frustrations as individuals long for things they cannot achieve, are discussed in this article in relation to Thomas Ziehe’s levels of modernization’s penetration into society, culture and the individual. The analysis is based on empirical data from quantitative and qualitative research among 12–19-year-olds in Greenland in 1997 and 2001. As we see, the local culture is not at all in danger of annihilation. Socioeconomic differences exist and are unfortunately entangled in ethnic and centre–periphery factors. The young peoples’ leisure habits reveal an urge for a global lifestyle,but its limited availability does not seem to lead to a sense of being left behind as deprived locals in a global world.
To Remain a Non-Smoker
Authors: Willén Helena , Nielsen Ida Lærke
Published: November 2003

The aim of the study described in this article was to explore how non-smoking adolescent girls, living in a smokers’ environment, explained the reasons for their own non-smoking behaviour. Eleven girls aged 14–16 years were interviewed. All had parents and best friends who were smokers.The interviews were semi-structured. Data were analysed according to guidelines suggested by Kvale (1997).The findings revealed that non-smoking behaviour was often preceded by a deliberate decision, which was sometimes made early in life. Moreover, the decision was implemented and repeated during the course of time, in a dynamic process that involved the girls’ inner as well as external resources and experiences. The findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. We also discuss how risk behaviour may be prevented within the girls’ ecological system.
Learning,Identity and Self-orientation in Youth
Authors: Illeris Knud
Published: November 2003

The aim of this article is to describe what is significant for youth learning in late modern society, as seen in relation to learning in childhood and in adulthood.It starts by outlining a modern understanding and theory of learning as comprising a cognitive, an emotional and a social/societal dimension. On this basis it is pointed out that what especially characterizes learning in youth is that it is always connected to and marked by the process of identity development. However, the concept of identity has also undergone profound changes in late modernity. Therefore the article concludes by suggesting the term ‘self-orientation’ as the central concept of contemporary youth learning processes.
‘Everybody’s a Nobody in School’
Authors: Williamson Iain , Cullingford Cedric
Published: November 2003

The experiences of 20 male young offenders who had been excluded from secondary school are reported in this article. Participants were interviewed about their school experiences and data analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three themes are discussed here. The first relates to participants’ perceptions that their individuality and autonomy were threatened in the school environment, which was believed to value conformity and uniformity. The second reports a particular dislike of certain rules and the ways in which rules were enforced. Finally, participants discussed the appeal of material consumption, which allowed for the purchase of goods which enhanced their sense of individuality. Most of the money acquired by participants was through crime practised whilst truanting. These results are discussed within Eccles et al.’s (1993) stage-environment fit framework.
Deploying Identity for Democratic Ends on Jan Publiek– A Flemish Television Talk Show
Authors: Dixon Kathleen , Spee Sonja
Published: November 2003

If public self-expression is a crucial feature of democracy, how might it work on the democratic – or at least, mass – medium par excellence, television? Television talk shows often allow ‘ordinary’ participants the opportunity to express themselves, i.e. deploy identities, feelings and opinions, presumably to further their own ends. This article uses speech act theory and Bakhtinian genre theory to analyze the talk on Jan Publiek, a Flemish talk show. This close reading helps to determine how two of the 20 ‘ordinary’ participants co-created shifting and even contradictory identities with other participants, the host, the producers, the conventions of television talk shows and larger discourses such as those of gender and class. In these two cases, the participants seem mostly to fail in employing the medium of Jan Publiekto achieve their stated aims. The authors claim that while discourses may never be completely transparent, their means of functioning can still be better understood. All participants of television – producers, actors, viewers, media scholars – can benefit from the kind of media literacy to which this article contributes.
Developing a Sociological Model for Researching Women’s Self and Social Identities
Authors: Byrne Anne
Published: November 2003

This paper presents an empirical model for researching women’s self and social identities. The model was devised as a theoretical and methodological framework to assist the author to recognize self-identity and social identity in single women’s narratives of their lives. Self-identity is understood as our own sense of ourselves as persons while social identity is categorizations of us by others. For those interested in researching the consequences of strong ideologies (such as familism) on women’s identities, or for recognizing resistance and understanding the development of new conceptions of womanhood, an empirical model which focuses our research attention on the self-identity of individual women is helpful.
Narratives of Change: Discourse, Technology and Organization
Authors: Doolin Bill
Published: November 2003

This article develops an understanding of organizational change predicated on the idea of organization as a performance or an effect, rather than a stable social structure. It uses the concept of ‘narratives of ordering’ to make sense of the processes that constitute organizations and the various mechanisms of ordering and organizing employed by organizational actors. It does so via a case study of change in a New Zealand hospital during a period of public sector reform. The ‘clinical leadership’ narrative introduced into the hospital at that time was simultaneously discursive in its appeal to economic notions of efficiency and enterprise, social in the development of new accountabilities and relationships within the organization, and material in its use of information technology. The contribution of the article lies in the theoretical approach used to analyse organizational change. This extends organizational discourse analysis by providing a more integrated treatment of change that accounts for the materiality of organizational relations.
Archetype Theory and the Changing Professional Organization: A Critique and Alternative
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ian , Ackroyd Stephen
Published: November 2003

In recent years there has been growing interest in analysing processes of change in professional service organizations drawing on the concepts of archetype theory. In this article, our primary goal is to question the validity of these ideas. A key weakness, we argue, stems from the continued legacy of functionalism in this approach and the limited role given to human agency. A further problem is the uncritical generalization of assumptions about professional organization and change, especially in the context of public services. These difficulties, we suggest, bring into question the usefulness of archetype theory as a general model for understanding change. They also point to the need to develop alternative approaches to these issues. In this article such an alternative is outlined, combining recent advances in the social theory dealing with the relationship between agency and structure with ideas from the sociology of professions.
Beneath and Beyond Organizational Change Management: Exploring Alternatives
Authors: Sturdy Andrew , Grey Christopher
Published: November 2003

This essay introduces contributions to a special issue exploring alternative accounts of organizational change management (OCM). It begins with identifying why such alternatives are needed by pointing to core assumptions within OCM, including a practical and ontological prochange bias, managerialism and universalism. The alternatives to OCM are then framed in terms of the constructionism associated with various forms of discourse analysis. It is argued that the contributions show, both theoretically and empirically, the limitations of OCM as conventionally understood.
Children’s Understanding of Illness: the Generalization of Illness According to Exemplar
Authors: Buchanan-Barrow Eithne , Barrett Martyn , Bati Mariangela
Published: November 2003

Using children’s naïve theory of biology as a framework, this study examined children’s illness conceptions. Children (aged 4–11), presented with one of four exemplars (child, dog, duck or rosebush) suffering an imaginary illness, were asked whether various entities from six categories, biological and non-biological, could also be afflicted. The children’s illness generalizations differentiated between all of the categories; they not only distinguished between living and non-living things, but also recognized biological subkinds. Furthermore, the children’s generalizations were significantly greater to the category of exemplar, indicating that human prototypicality is not the sole basis for children’s generalizations. It is concluded that children’s understanding of illness is mediated by a naïve biological theory that facilitates their systematic predictions of susceptibility to illness.
Psychological and Physical Health Correlates of Coping in Minority Adolescents
Authors: Vaughn Allison A. , Roesch Scott C.
Published: November 2003

In the current study the relations between coping and psychological/physical health in a sample of minority adolescents was investigated. Participants ( n = 182) were all low-income, first-generation college-bound students from historically underrepresented groups. For Mexican-Americans, positive reinterpretation, focusing and venting emotions, instrumental social support, active coping, religious, restraint, emotional support, acceptance and planning forms of coping were all associated with positive psychological and physical health; for African-Americans, coping methods were notsignificantly associated with psychological or physical health; for Asian-Americans, positive reinterpretation, active coping, religious coping, restraint, acceptance and planning forms of coping were associated with onlypsychological health. Culturalspecific (rather than genderspecific) socialization is identified as a potential explanation of these results.
The Effects of Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise on Subjective Experiences in a Naturalistic Health and Fitness Club Setting
Authors: Daley Amanda J. , Huffen Colin
Published: November 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of participation in low and moderate intensity exercise on subjective exercise experiences in a naturalistic health club setting. Thirty physically active members of a community health and fitness club participated in low and moderate intensity cycle ergometry for 20 minutes. Subjective exercise experiences were measured before, during and after exercise. Participants reported significant increases in Positive Well-being and Fatigue scores across time in the moderate but no change in the low exercise intensity condition. The results suggest that exercising for 20 minutes at moderate intensity in a health club environment provides some measure of psychological benefit for a general population, although exercise at the higher intensity could have negative implications by increasing feelings of fatigue during and after exercise.
Illness Perceptions in People with Acute Bacterial Gastro-Enteritis
Authors: Parry Sally D. , Corbett Sally , James Peter J. , Barton Roger , Welfare Mark R.
Published: November 2003

Functional gastro-intestinal disorders (FGID) like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common and can develop after gastroenteritis. Illness representations may be important influences on the development of post-infectious FGIDs. Here, we studied both the relationship between prior chronic symptoms (FGIDs) and illness perception during an acute illness (bacterial gastro-enteritis) as well as the relationship between illness perception during an acute illness (bacterial gastro-enteritis) and the subsequent development of chronic abdominal symptoms. Two hundred and seventeen people with recent gastro-enteritis completed a questionnaire asking about gut symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea and the Illness Perception Questionnaire. Those without a prior FGID were followed up and completed a similar gut questionnaire at six months. People with a prior FGID had significantly more symptoms and scored significantly higher on the timeline and consequence scores than those without. People who developed a FGID had a non-significantly higher number of symptoms and higher consequence and timeline scores than those who did not. Neither comparative group differed in the control/cure scores or causation scores. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Psychosocial Factors Related to the Correspondence of Recipient and Provider Perceptions of Social Support among Patients Diagnosed with or at Risk for Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Cruess Dean G. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Ming Michael E.
Published: November 2003

This study examined considered perceptions of social support and factors contributing to increased support among 18 patients diagnosed with or at risk for malignant melanoma and their partners. Partner support, perceived stress, emotional approach coping and partner empathy were evaluated. Results showed lack of correspondence between patient and partner reports of support. Greater correspondence between reports was associated with increased patient emotional approach coping. Partners reported increased empathy following the patients’ diagnoses and more perceived stress than patients. Patients indicated greater use of emotional approach coping than their partners. Male partners reported engaging in less emotional expression than female partners. Interventions might incorporate partner participation to resolve misperceptions of support and to foster factors that promote increased support.
Cancer Narratives and the Cancer Support Group
Authors: Yaskowich Kyla M. , Stam Henderikus J.
Published: November 2003

We conceptualize the experience of cancer as requiring ‘biographical work’ and examine the nature of this work in the context of peer support groups. Interviews with participants and leaders of support groups were used to theorize the importance of support to cancer patients with varying stages and length of disease. Patient interviews led us to describe the process of joining, belonging, and identifying with, support groups as an important process within patients’ ongoing biographical work and encompassing a search for a ‘separate social space’. We discuss the implications for understanding the stigmatizing nature of cancer and the ‘civic life’ these groups support.
Perceived Barriers to Social Support from Family and Friends among Older Adults with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Schrimshaw Eric W. , Siegel Karolynn
Published: November 2003

Research has found that HIV-infected adults age 50 and older are more socially isolated than younger HIV-infected individuals. This study examines the perceived barriers to obtaining emotional and practical social support from friends and family among 63 older adults (age 50+) living with HIV/AIDS. Many reported they did not receive enough emotional support (42%) or practical assistance (27%). Barriers to obtaining support included: (1) nondisclosure of HIV status; (2) others’ fear of HIV/AIDS; (3) desire to be self-reliant and independent; (4) not wanting to be a burden; (5) unavailability of family; (6) death of friends to AIDS; and (7) ageism. These barriers may explain the greater social isolation of HIV-infected older adults and inform interventions targeted at reducing these barriers.
Changing Practice in Invasive Procedures: the Experience of the Krishnan Chandran Children’s Centre
Authors: Lawton Lynda C. , Rose Pat
Published: November 2003

The UK government’s clinical governance strategy places emphasis on the provision of evidence-based, effective and client-focused care. This provided the framework for developing nurse-led venepuncture and immunization clinics. Evidence from research and examples of good practice were used to guide the structure and ethos of the new service. The professional development required to train one staff member in venepuncture and immunization techniques was adapted from already existing training. A specific training package was then developed to facilitate professional development of further staff. Audit was used, both to identify the need forthe service and to assess its quality and cost-effectiveness. Consumer views were obtained through informal discussion and interviews with parents. This article explores how the concepts of clinical governance, together with the commitment of the multi-professional team, have resulted in a transformation of care for children undergoing invasive procedures in the outpatient department.
Planning a Career as a Children’s Nurse: the Availability of Career Guidance During the Nurse Diploma Course
Authors: Cox Susanne J. , Robinson Sarah , Murrells Trevor
Published: November 2003

The recruitment and retention of registered children’s nurses is paramount to the implementation of the national service framework for children’s services. In recent years there have been increased career opportunities for children’s nurses and a diversity of career pathways. Career guidance has a potential contribution to make to the effective management of nurses’ careers. This article presents findings on child health diplomates’ experiences of career guidance during the nurse diploma course. Findings indicate a substantial unmet demand for career guidance. The implications of the findings for child health nurses’ careers are discussed and considered in relation to two key questions: should efforts be directed towards ensuring greater provision of career guidance, and if so, by whom?
Being in the Outgroup Territory Increases Stereotypic Perceptions of Outgroups: Situational Sources of Category Activation
Authors: Guinote Ana , Fiske Susan T.
Published: November 2003

Previous research reveals that situational cues can lead to category activation. Based on these findings the current article analyzes whether group places can lead to category activation and increased stereotyping. Psychology students were either in their ingroup building (Psychology Department) or in the outgroup building (Communication Department). Participants read information regarding outgroup members and made judgments of group variability. As expected, participants that were in the outgroup building perceived outgroup members and the outgroup in a more homogeneous way than participants that were in the ingroup building. Consequences for the understanding of mobility and group transition are discussed.