bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on stress relaxation characteristics of FGH95 powder superalloy treated by laser shock peening
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Qu Xiangming , Cao Jun , Guo Xiaojun , Zhao Yanyun , Wang Xu , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Yongkang
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the phenomenon that the residual stress induced by Laser Shock Peening (LSP) will relax and redistribute under various loads, temperature, cyclic load, and the dual treatment of temperature and cyclic load on the residual stress relaxation of FGH95 powder superalloy after LSP treatment were studied, and the analysis model of relevant residual stress relaxation was constructed. The purpose is to understand the strengthening effect and stability of the alloy under temperature and cyclic load after LSP treatment. With the increase of treatment temperature, the relaxation of residual stress became more and more obvious. Most of the residual stress relaxation occurred in the first 30 min of temperature treatment, then slowed down and stabilized after 1 h. The residual stress was initially relaxed in the first 50 cycles, remained roughly unchanged between 50 and 5000 cycles. The intensify of the cyclic load increasing, adding material yield level, further plastic deformation and residual stress relaxation rate increases. With the increase of load intensify and load ratio, residual stress relaxation was also increased. The residual stress relaxation rate after 600 °C and cyclic load treatment was 56.2%, both greater than that after 600 °C or cyclic treatment of 25 °C, but less than the sum of the two conditions. The results of this paper provide a reference for the LSP of the FGH95 powder superalloy turbine disk and other aero engine parts.
Theoretical prediction of doping iron ions effect on the optoelectronic and magnetic cobalt-based perovskite (Co1-xFexScO3)
Authors: Alsmadi Amjad W , Mahmoud Nada T , Mousa Ahmad A , Abu-Jafar Mohammed S , Abusaimeh Hesham
Published: September 2022

The ab-initio framework has taken place by means of the Full-potential Linear Augmented Plane-Wave (FP-LAPW) method, using the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential approximation. This modified method was carried out to study the effects of doping iron ions on the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of CoScO3 perovskite compound. Doping Fe ions have formed a nonstoichiometric perovskite Co1-xFexScO3 where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1. all doped compounds crystallized in a tetragonal lattice due to the Jahn-Teller effect, while the lattice constant was calculated and found to vary between the value of the two pure compounds. Meanwhile, the stabilities of the studied compounds are shown in the negative values of the formation energy. The magnetic moment was calculated and the whole compounds showed a ferromagnetic behavior. Co1-xFexScO3 perovskite is a potential candidate for spintronic application due to the presence of the half metallic behavior. All optical spectrums including dielectric function, absorption coefficient, reflectivity and refractivity index, and energy loss function show remarkable features for the proposed perovskites.
The diversity, structure and function of microbial communities changes across aging process of tobacco leaves
Authors: Wang Fan , Jin Yongming , Chen Xiaona , Zhang Yao , Jiang Xinglin , Zhang Ge , Chen Guoqiang , Yang Mingjun , Leng Feifan , Li Hongtao , Wu Lijun , Zhang Haibo
Published: September 2022

Microbial communities that inhabit aging tobacco leaves play a key role in improving products quality. A better understanding of microbial communities on the aging of tobacco leaves could provide an important microbial repository for the industrial applications. Here, we examined the structural and compositional changes of microbial communities throughout the aging process of by tobacco leaves 16 S and ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques and identified the potential metabolic pathways of bacteria and fungi using Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) and Fungi Functional Guild (FUNGuild), respectively. The results showed that the diversity and structure of the microbial communities keep changing along with the aging process went on. The richness and diversity of bacterial community decreased, while the richness of fungal community was in an inverse trend. At the phylum level, the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant species in the fungal community. In the bacterial community, metabolic functions related to the carbon and nitrogen cycles which response to the degradation of harmful components, and the metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons showed extremely dynamic at different aging periods. The change of the main nutritional mode of the fungal community also led to an increase in the abundance of saprophytic fungi. These results provide information on the succession of microbial community structure and function in the whole process of tobacco aging and suggest that the aging process of tobacco leaves can be a natural microbial collection for target microorganism and their metabolites. It also enables the further investigation of coordination mechanisms between beneficial microbial regulation and pathogenicity during aging process.
Mesoporous indium tin oxide perovskite solar cells in bifacial configuration
Authors: Sohmer Maayan , Yudco Shir , Etgar Lioz
Published: September 2022

In this work, we present a fully printable mesoporous (mp) indium tin oxide (ITO) perovskite solar cell. The solar cell structure consists of triple-oxide screen-printed mp layers. In this structure, the perovskite does not form a separate layer but fills the pores of the triple-oxide structure. The perovskite is utilized as both a light harvester and a hole transporting material. One of the advantages of this solar cell structure is the transparent contact (mp ITO), which permits the use of this cell structure in a bifacial configuration without the need for additional layers or thinner counter electrodes. We performed photovoltaic (PV) measurements on both sides (i.e. ITO side and glass side), where the glass side shows 15.3% efficiency compared to 4.4% of the ITO side. Further study of the mechanism shows that the dominant mechanism when illuminating from the glass side is Shockley–Read–Hall recombination in the bulk, while illuminating from the ITO side shows recombination in multiple traps and inter-gap defect distribution, which explains the poor PV performance of the ITO side. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sheds more light on the resistance and capacitance. Finally, we demonstrate 18.3% efficiency in the bifacial configuration. This work presents a fully printable, large-scale suitable solar cell structure that can function in a bifacial configuration.
Torus fibers and the weight filtration
Authors: Harder Andrew
Published: September 2022

We show that if

(
X
,
Y
)

(X,Y)

is a simple normal crossings log Calabi–Yau pair, then there is a real torus of dimension equal to the codimension of the smallest stratum of

Y
Y

which can be used to construct

W

2
k
−
1

H

k

(
X
∖
Y
;

Q

)

W_{2k-1}\mathrm {H}^k(X \setminus Y;\mathbb {Q})

for all

k
k

. We use this to show that a P=W type result holds for pairs

(
X
,
Y
)

(X,Y)

consisting of a rational surface

X
X

and a nodal anticanonical divisor

Y
Y

.
Dense quasi-free subalgebras of the Toeplitz algebra
Authors: Pirkovskii A.
Published: September 2022

We introduce a family of dense subalgebras of the Toeplitz algebra and give conditions under which our algebras are quasi-free. As a corollary, we show that the smooth Toeplitz algebra introduced by Cuntz is quasi-free.
Explicit Serre weights for two-dimensional Galois representations over a ramified base
Authors: Steinmetz Misja
Published: September 2022

Given a totally real number field

F
F

and a mod

p
p

Galois representation

ρ
:

G
F

→

G
L

2

(

F

¯

p

)

\rho \colon G_F\to \mathrm {GL}_2(\bar {\mathbf {F}}_p)

, we propose an explicit definition of the set of Serre weights

W
(
ρ
)

W(\rho )

attached to

ρ
\rho

. We prove that our explicit definition is equivalent to previous definitions available in the literature. As a consequence we obtain an explicit Serre’s modularity conjecture for Hilbert modular forms over totally real number fields. Our work generalises previous work of Dembélé–Diamond–Roberts and Calegari–Emerton–Gee–Mavrides which together give explicit and equivalent sets of weights when

p
p

is unramified in

F
F

.
TEx-MST: tissue expression profiles of MANE select transcripts
Authors: Tung Kuo-Feng , Lin Wen-chang
Published: September 2022

Recently, a new reference transcript dataset [Matched Annotation from the NCBI and EMBL-EBI (MANE) select] was released by NCBI and EMBL-EBI to make available a new unified representative transcript for human protein-coding genes. While the main purpose of MANE project is to provide a harmonized gene and transcript information standard, there is no explicit tissue expression information about these MANE select transcripts. In this report, we tried to provide useful expression profiles of MANE select transcripts in various normal human tissues to allow further interrogation of their molecular modulations and functional significance. We obtained the new V9 transcript expression dataset from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) web portal. This new GTEx dataset, based on a long-read sequencing platform, affords better assessment of the expression of alternative spliced transcripts. This tissue expression profiles of MANE select transcripts (TEx-MST) database not only provides the basic information of MANE select transcripts but also tissue expression profiles on alternative transcripts in protein-coding genes. Users can initiate the interrogation by gene symbol searches or by browsing the MANE genes with various criteria (such as genome locations or expression rankings). We further utilized the GENCODE biotype feature to identify the top-ranked protein-coding transcripts by choosing the most expressed protein-coding transcripts from GTEx datasets (both V8 and V9 datasets). In summary, there are 18 083 genes matched between MANE and GTEx. Among them, 13 245 MANE select transcripts matched with the top-ranked protein-coding transcripts in GTEx V9 dataset, which underlined the dominate expression of MANE select transcripts. This TEx-MST web bioinformatic database provides a visualized user interface for the normal tissue expression patterns of MANE select transcripts using the newly released GTEx dataset.

Database URL: TEx-MST is available at https://texmst.ibms.sinica.edu.tw/
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with silent brain injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Apor Astrid , Bartykowszki Andrea , Szilveszter Bálint , Varga Andrea , Suhai Ferenc I , Manouras Aristomenis , Molnár Levente , Jermendy Ádám L , Panajotu Alexisz , Turáni Mirjam Franciska , Papp Roland , Karády Júlia , Kolossváry Márton , Kováts Tímea , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Merkely Béla , Nagy Anikó Ilona
Published: September 2022

Aims

Whether hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) carries a risk of subclinical brain injury (SBI) is unknown. We investigated whether HALT is associated with SBI detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whether post-TAVI SBI impacts the patients’ cognition and outcome.

Methods and results

We prospectively enrolled 153 patients (age: 78.1 ± 6.3 years; female 44%) who underwent TAVI. Brain MRI was performed shortly post-TAVI and 6 months later to assess the occurrence of acute silent cerebral ischaemic lesions (SCIL) and chronic white matter hyperintensities (WMH). HALT was screened by cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) 6 months post-TAVI. Neurocognitive evaluation was performed before, shortly after and 6 months following TAVI. At 6 months, 115 patients had diagnostic CTA and 10 had HALT. HALT status, baseline, and follow-up MRIs were available in 91 cases. At 6 months, new SCIL was evident in 16%, new WMH in 66%. New WMH was more frequent (100 vs. 62%; P = 0.047) with higher median volume (319 vs. 50 mm3; P = 0.039) among HALT-patients. In uni- and multivariate analysis, HALT was associated with new WMH volume (beta: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.2–1.39; P = 0.009). The patients’ cognitive trajectory from pre-TAVI to 6 months showed significant association with the 6-month SCIL volume (beta: −4.69; 95%CI: −9.13 to 0.27; P = 0.038), but was not related to the presence or volume of new WMH. During a 3.1-year follow-up, neither HALT [hazard ratio (HR): 0.86; 95%CI: 0.202–3.687; P = 0.84], nor the related WMH burden (HR: 1.09; 95%CI: 0.701–1.680; P = 0.71) was related with increased mortality.

Conclusions

At 6 months post-TAVI, HALT was linked with greater WMH burden, but did not carry an increased risk of cognitive decline or mortality over a 3.1-year follow-up (NCT02826200).
Use of a pharmacy-based GP video consultation service: a mixed methods study
Authors: Parsons Joanne , Rahman Sameur , Bryce Carol , Atherton Helen
Published: September 2022

Background

Little is known about private general practice appointment services offered via video. This study aimed to explore which patients are using a video pharmacy-based general practitioner (GP) appointment service, including patterns of use, reasons for using the service, and satisfaction with the service.

Methods

Descriptive statistics and parametric and nonparametric tests were used to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data on consultations, and postconsultation questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with patients and GPs.

Results

A total of 7,928 consultations were included in the analysis. More than half of appointments were booked for the same day, with lunchtime appointments being popular. The most common health condition was respiratory conditions, and 9% of consultations were used by patients using the service more than once. At least one prescription was issued in over half of all consultations. Overall, satisfactions of consultations were high.

Conclusions

The characteristics of those patients using the video consultation service match data on who uses online services in general practice. This study shows that some patients are willing to pay to use this private service because they feel it is more convenient, NHS services do not have capacity to see them at the time they need, or they do not have access to regular GP services.
Convergent structure with divergent adaptations in combinatorial microbiome communities
Authors: Taylor Megan , Janasky Lili , Vega Nic
Published: September 2022

Adaptation of replicate microbial communities frequently produces shared trajectories of community composition and structure. However, divergent adaptation of individual community members can occur and is associated with community-level divergence. The extent to which community-based adaptation of microbes should be convergent when community members are similar but not identical is, therefore, not well-understood. In these experiments, adaptation of combinatorial minimal communities of bacteria with the model host Caenorhabditis elegans produces structurally similar communities over time, but with divergent adaptation of member taxa and differences in community-level resistance to invasion. These results indicate that community-based adaptation from taxonomically similar starting points can produce compositionally similar communities that differ in traits of member taxa and in ecological properties.
ER Redox Homeostasis Regulates Proinsulin Trafficking and Insulin Granule Formation in the Pancreatic Islet β-Cell
Authors: Rohli Kristen E , Boyer Cierra K , Bearrows Shelby C , Moyer Marshall R , Elison Weston S , Bauchle Casey J , Blom Sandra E , Zhang Jianchao , Wang Yanzhuang , Stephens Samuel B
Published: September 2022

Defects in the pancreatic β-cell’s secretion system are well-described in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and include impaired proinsulin processing and a deficit in mature insulin-containing secretory granules; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying these defects remain poorly understood. To address this, we used an in situ fluorescent pulse-chase strategy to study proinsulin trafficking. We show that insulin granule formation and the appearance of nascent granules at the plasma membrane are decreased in rodent and cell culture models of prediabetes and hyperglycemia. Moreover, we link the defect in insulin granule formation to an early trafficking delay in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of proinsulin, which is independent of overt ER stress. Using a ratiometric redox sensor, we show that the ER becomes hyperoxidized in β-cells from a dietary model of rodent prediabetes and that addition of reducing equivalents restores ER export of proinsulin and insulin granule formation and partially restores β-cell function. Together, these data identify a critical role for the regulation of ER redox homeostasis in proinsulin trafficking and suggest that alterations in ER redox poise directly contribute to the decline in insulin granule production in T2D.

This model highlights a critical link between alterations in ER redox and ER function with defects in proinsulin trafficking in T2D. Hyperoxidation of the ER lumen, shown as hydrogen peroxide, impairs proinsulin folding and disulfide bond formation that prevents efficient exit of proinsulin from the ER to the Golgi. This trafficking defect limits available proinsulin for the formation of insulin secretory granules during the development of T2D.
Advances and prospects of orchid research and industrialization
Authors: Zhang Diyang , Zhao Xue-Wei , Li Yuan-Yuan , Ke Shi-Jie , Yin Wei-Lun , Lan Siren , Liu Zhong-Jian
Published: September 2022

Orchidaceae is one of the largest, most diverse families in angiosperms with significant ecological and economical values. Orchids have long fascinated scientists by their complex life histories, exquisite floral morphology and pollination syndromes that exhibit exclusive specializations, more than any other plants on Earth. These intrinsic factors together with human influences also make it a keystone group in biodiversity conservation. The advent of sequencing technologies and transgenic techniques represents a quantum leap in orchid research, enabling molecular approaches to be employed to resolve the historically interesting puzzles in orchid basic and applied biology. To date, 16 different orchid genomes covering four subfamilies (Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Epidendroideae, and Orchidoideae) have been released. These genome projects have given rise to massive data that greatly empowers the studies pertaining to key innovations and evolutionary mechanisms for the breadth of orchid species. The extensive exploration of transcriptomics, comparative genomics, and recent advances in gene engineering have linked important traits of orchids with a multiplicity of gene families and their regulating networks, providing great potential for genetic enhancement and improvement. In this review, we summarize the progress and achievement in fundamental research and industrialized application of orchids with a particular focus on molecular tools, and make future prospects of orchid molecular breeding and post-genomic research, providing a comprehensive assemblage of state of the art knowledge in orchid research and industrialization.
Advancing women’s participation in climate action through digital health literacy: gaps and opportunities
Authors: Abdolkhani Robab , Choo Dawn , Gilbert Cecily , Borda Ann
Published: September 2022

Exploring the contribution of health informatics is an emerging topic in relation to addressing climate change, but less examined is a body of literature reporting on the potential and effectiveness of women participating in climate action supported by digital health. This perspective explores how empowering women through digital health literacy (DHL) can support them to be active agents in addressing climate change risk and its impacts on health and well-being. We also consider the current definitional boundary of DHL, and how this may be shaped by other competencies (eg, environmental health literacy), to strengthen this critical agenda for developed nations and lower-resource settings.
Structural insights into the substrate specificity of IMP-6 and IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamases
Authors: Yamamoto Keizo , Tanaka Hideaki , Kurisu Genji , Nakano Ryuichi , Yano Hisakazu , Sakai Hiromi
Published: September 2022

IMP-type metallo-β-lactamases confer resistance to carbapenems and a broad spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics. IMP-6 and IMP-1 differ by only a point mutation: Ser262 in IMP-1 and Gly262 in IMP-6. The kcat/Km values of IMP-1 for imipenem and meropenem are nearly identical; however, for IMP-6, the kcat/Km for meropenem is 7-fold that for imipenem. In clinical practice, this may result in an ineffective therapeutic regimen and, consequently, in treatment failure. Here, we report the crystal structures of IMP-6 and IMP-1 with the same space group and similar cell constants at resolutions of 1.70 and 1.94 Å, respectively. The overall structures of IMP-6 and IMP-1 are similar. However, the loop region (residues 60–66), which participates in substrate binding, is more flexible in IMP-6 than in IMP-1. This difference in flexibility determines the substrate specificity of IMP-type metallo-β-lactamases for imipenem and meropenem. The amino acid at position 262 alters the mobility of His263; this affects the flexibility of the loop via a hydrogen bond with Pro68, which plays the role of a hinge in IMP-type metallo-β-lactamases. The substitution of Pro68 with a glycine elicited an increase in the Km of IMP-6 for imipenem, whereas the affinity for meropenem remained unchanged.
Investment Facilitation and Sustainable Development: Insufficiencies and Improvements of ASEAN Investment Treaties
Authors: Chi Manjiao
Published: September 2022

Investment facilitation has become a major topic in recent investment rule-making. Different approaches have been adopted to make international investment treaties (IITs) compatible with investment facilitation, including the laissez-faire approach, the patching-up approach, the orientation-shift approach, and the multilateralization approach. Investment facilitation and sustainable development are closely interrelated. Investment facilitation provisions (IFPs) in IITs are expected to contribute to both facilitating investment and promoting sustainable development. While the majority of ASEAN IITs, the RCEP in particular, contain a standalone investment facilitation clause that covers various IFPs, these IFPs are insufficiently effective in promoting sustainable development. It is advised that ASEAN states make further IIT-making and regulatory coordination efforts, especially at the regional level, to make ASEAN IITs more compatible with investment facilitation and sustainable development.
Paeonol protects against acute pancreatitis by Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in mice
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yin Xing , Wang Xinxin , Wang Jiaqing , Na Guangning , Ирина Павловна Короткова
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Paeonol (PAE) is an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PAE on acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods

AP was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 20% l-arginine (4 g/kg) for 6 h. Mice were pretreated with PAE (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) intragastrically for 5 days. The histological damage and alterations of biochemical indicators, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in AP mice were detected. The Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways were examined to illustrate the potential mechanism.

Key findings

In AP model, we found that PAE attenuated histological injury of pancreatic tissues, reduced the serum levels of α-amylase and increased Ca2+ contents in a dose-dependent manner. The white blood cell content, and IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the serum of AP mice were reduced by PAE. Furthermore, PAE caused a reduction of MPO and MDA levels, accompanied by an increase in SOD activity in the pancreas of AP mice. We also demonstrated that the alterations of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in AP mice were reversed by PAE.

Conclusions

PAE attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of AP by the regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.
Role of jasmonate signaling in the regulation of plant responses to nutrient deficiency
Authors: Shikha Deep , Jakhar Pooja , Satbhai Santosh B
Published: September 2022

Phytohormones regulate plant growth and development by integrating various internal developmental cues with external environmental conditions. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an oxylipin-derived phytohormone that modulates the plasticity of plant responses against fluctuating environmental cues. An increasing number of studies have shown that it regulates a wide spectrum of plant physiological and biochemical processes, including reproductive development, primary root growth, root hair development, seed germination, senescence, regeneration, defense against biotic stress such as pathogen infection and herbivory, and mitigation of a number of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, high and low temperatures, wounding, excessive UV exposure, limited water availability, and metal(oid)-induced toxicity. Nutrient deficiency is an abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth, development, and productivity, and JA also plays an important role in regulation of these processes under such conditions. In this review, we summarize recent advances relating to the role of JA and its methyl ester derivative (methyl jasmonate) in modulating responses to nutrient deficiency, to the impact of nutrient status on JA biosynthesis and signaling, and to the crosstalk of JA with other phytohormones in shaping plant growth and development under deficiencies of various mineral elements.
Septic arthritis induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae occurring in rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept and methotrexate: A case report
Authors: Abe Kazuya , Ishikawa Yuichi , Takahashi Tatsuro , Fujiwara Michio , Kita Yasuhiko
Published: September 2022

Septic arthritis occurs more frequently in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common aetiologic agent. Rarely, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the cause of septic arthritis. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are widely used in RA, but it is unknown whether bDMARDs could be a risk factor for pneumococcal septic arthritis in such patients. Here, we report the case of a patient with RA treated with bDMARDs (abatacept) who developed pneumococcal septic arthritis. The patient is a 64-year-old female complicated with RA for >10 years. She was treated with abatacept and methotrexate and has been in remission for 2 years. She had not received any pneumococcal vaccination. She consulted at our hospital for left ankle arthralgia and fever. Blood culture and puncture of the left ankle joints detected pneumococcus, and the pneumococcal urine antigen test was positive. The patient was diagnosed with pneumococcal septic arthritis, and she recovered after the administration of antibiotics. This is the first case report discussing these circumstances, suggesting that bDMARDs may be a risk of pneumococcal septic arthritis in patients with RA. To prevent this, pneumococcal vaccination should be encouraged in such patients. Furthermore, if RA is in remission, we may consider the spacing or withdrawal of bDMARDs to avoid severe infection.
Condensin I and condensin II proteins form a LINE-1 dependent super condensin complex and cooperate to repress LINE-1
Authors: Ward Jacqueline R , Khan Afshin , Torres Sabrina , Crawford Bert , Nock Sarah , Frisbie Trenton , Moran John V , Longworth Michelle S
Published: September 2022

Condensin I and condensin II are multi-subunit complexes that are known for their individual roles in genome organization and preventing genomic instability. However, interactions between condensin I and condensin II subunits and cooperative roles for condensin I and condensin II, outside of their genome organizing functions, have not been reported. We previously discovered that condensin II cooperates with Gamma Interferon Activated Inhibitor of Translation (GAIT) proteins to associate with Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) RNA and repress L1 protein expression and the retrotransposition of engineered L1 retrotransposition in cultured human cells. Here, we report that the L1 3′UTR is required for condensin II and GAIT association with L1 RNA, and deletion of the L1 RNA 3′UTR results in increased L1 protein expression and retrotransposition. Interestingly, like condensin II, we report that condensin I also binds GAIT proteins, associates with the L1 RNA 3′UTR, and represses L1 retrotransposition. We provide evidence that the condensin I protein, NCAPD2, is required for condensin II and GAIT protein association with L1 RNA. Furthermore, condensin I and condensin II subunits interact to form a L1-dependent super condensin complex (SCC) which is located primarily within the cytoplasm of both transformed and primary epithelial cells. These data suggest that increases in L1 expression in epithelial cells promote cytoplasmic condensin protein associations that facilitate a feedback loop in which condensins may cooperate to mediate L1 repression.
AlloMAPS 2: allosteric fingerprints of the AlphaFold and Pfam-trRosetta predicted structures for engineering and design
Authors: Tan Zhen Wah , Tee Wei-Ven , Guarnera Enrico , Berezovsky Igor N
Published: September 2022

AlloMAPS 2 is an update of the Allosteric Mutation Analysis and Polymorphism of Signalling database, which contains data on allosteric communication obtained for predicted structures in the AlphaFold database (AFDB) and trRosetta-predicted Pfam domains. The data update contains Allosteric Signalling Maps (ASMs) and Allosteric Probing Maps (APMs) quantifying allosteric effects of mutations and of small probe binding, respectively. To ensure quality of the ASMs and APMs, we performed careful and accurate selection of protein sets containing high-quality predicted structures in both databases for each organism/structure, and the data is available for browsing and download. The data for remaining structures are available for download and should be used at user's discretion and responsibility. We believe these massive data can facilitate both diagnostics and drug design within the precision medicine paradigm. Specifically, it can be instrumental in the analysis of allosteric effects of pathological and rescue mutations, providing starting points for fragment-based design of allosteric effectors. The exhaustive character of allosteric signalling and probing fingerprints will be also useful in future developments of corresponding machine learning applications. The database is freely available at: http://allomaps.bii.a-star.edu.sg.
GotEnzymes: an extensive database of enzyme parameter predictions
Authors: Li Feiran , Chen Yu , Anton Mihail , Nielsen Jens
Published: September 2022

Enzyme parameters are essential for quantitatively understanding, modelling, and engineering cells. However, experimental measurements cover only a small fraction of known enzyme-compound pairs in model organisms, much less in other organisms. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have accelerated the pace of exploring enzyme properties by predicting these in a high-throughput manner. Here, we present GotEnzymes, an extensive database with enzyme parameter predictions by AI approaches, which is publicly available at https://metabolicatlas.org/gotenzymes for interactive web exploration and programmatic access. The first release of this data resource contains predicted turnover numbers of over 25.7 million enzyme-compound pairs across 8099 organisms. We believe that GotEnzymes, with the readily-predicted enzyme parameters, would bring a speed boost to biological research covering both experimental and computational fields that involve working with candidate enzymes.
Fluids in the ICU: which is the right one?
Authors: Mayerhöfer Timo , Shaw Andrew D , Wiedermann Christian J , Joannidis Michael
Published: September 2022

The administration of fluids is one of the most common interventions in the intensive care unit. The effects and side effects of intravenous fluids depend on the amount administered and their specific composition. Intravenous fluid solutions are either considered crystalloids (for example 0.9% saline, lactated Ringer's solution) or colloids (artificial colloids such as gelatins, and albumin). This narrative review summarizes the physiological principles of fluid therapy and reviews the most important studies on crystalloids, artificial colloids and albumin in the context of critically ill patients.
The Yamaguchi Interferometer
Authors: Fujisawa Kenta , Aoki Takahiro , Kanazawa Sho , Akimoto Masanori , Ogura Tatsuya , Mori Kurena , Niinuma Kotaro , Motogi Kazuhito , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Takefuji Kazuhiro , Ogawa Hideo , Kimura Kimihiro , Yonekura Yoshinori , Honma Mareki
Published: September 2022

We report on the Yamaguchi Interferometer (YI), a one-baseline radio interferometer consisting of two radio telescopes with diameters of 32 m and 34 m. The YI is capable of making observations at frequencies of 6.9 GHz and 8.4 GHz for left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations with a bandwidth of 512 MHz. The detection sensitivity for a continuum source is 1.6 mJy (5σ) for an integration time of 1000 s. The high sensitivity is the major advantage of the YI. We use the YI mainly for monitoring observations of sources with fast variability, such as micro-quasars.
OA35 Continuing specialist care into adulthood in young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records in England
Authors: Costello Ruth , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , McDonagh Janet , Hyrich Kimme , Humphreys Jenny
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

It is estimated that juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) persists into adulthood in at least one-third of patients, but it is unclear how frequently hospital services are used as young people move from paediatric to adult specialist services. This study aimed to describe characteristics related to continued specialist care in young people (YP) with JIA using electronic health records (EHR) in England.

Description/Method

YP with JIA were identified from primary care EHR (Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases combined) between 2003 and 2018. JIA was identified if they had a Read code for JIA and either > =3 Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) outpatient specialist care (rheumatology/ophthalmology) appointments or a HES inpatient admission coded with JIA, prior to age 16. Further, cases needed to have linkage to HES data, registration at the same GP for >1 year beyond age 18. Cases were followed from the earliest of first Read code or first HES outpatient appointment until leaving their GP or end of 2018. Continuity of specialist care was categorised into 3 groups by age of last specialist care appointment: prior to 16 years, 16 to 17 years, and 18 years and beyond. YP were considered discharged from specialist care (a proxy for disease remission) if they had > =1 year between the last appointment and end of study follow-up.  Multinomial logistic regression model assessed if any demographic or comorbidity variables were associated with continuing specialist care category.

Discussion/Results

Of 666 YP eligible, 427 (64%) received specialist care beyond age 18, 90 (13%) had their last recorded contact between 16-17 years and 149 (22%) did not continue after 16 years. Patients characteristics are described in Table 1.  Of those continuing beyond 18, 35% (n = 153) were subsequently discharged by study end date. Of all those discharged, 32% had a missed appointment recorded after the last visit attended suggesting failure to attend. In the regression model, female gender and a childhood diagnosis of uveitis were associated with continuing specialist care beyond age 18 compared to those discharged before age 16; respective adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 1.84 (1.25, 2.72) and 2.23 (1.14, 4.35).

Key learning points/Conclusion

Over two-third of patients with JIA continue to have hospital visits beyond age 18. Of those, however, approximately one-third were subsequently discharged or lost to follow up from adult specialist care. These data provide important information for YP with JIA and their families, as well as clinicians running, developing and planning young adult services in paediatric and adult rheumatology.
P04 The pain word cloud project: development of a clinic prompt to support young people in conversations about pain
Authors: Holt Tilda Kierkegaard , Baz Zahra , Gnanenthiran Suruthi , Rebecca Lee R , Laura Lunt E , Janet McDonagh E
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

Pain is a predominant symptom that young people often present with in paediatric rheumatology clinics. There are several challenges with respect to pain communication between young people and healthcare professionals (Lee RR 2020). At a virtual Your Rheum meeting, (Your Rheum is a national young person’s advisory group in rheumatology), a word cloud was developed as part of the discussion to start conversations around the development of a future pain research project. Afterwards, the young people suggested the word cloud would potentially be useful to start discussions about pain in clinic.

Description/Method Aim

to determine acceptability of using a word cloud as a communication tool to prompt discussions with young people aged 11-24 years about pain in clinic. Healthcare professionals in the Barbara Ansell National Network for Adolescent Rheumatology BANNAR network were asked by Your Rheum to give out the word cloud form to consecutive young people with pain in their clinic. The following data was collected: words in the current word cloud (consisting of 35 words) which described their pain, additional words to add to the word cloud, perception regarding the usefulness of a word cloud to aid conversations about pain, using a four-point scale ranging from ‘not at all’ – ‘yes a lot’. The age and gender of each young person was also collected. The information gathered was then collated by Your Rheum members.

Discussion/Results

Of 33 young people who completed the forms, 26 were female and the mean age was 15 years, range 9-22 years. Young people selected a mean of 13/35 words from the word cloud, range 2-27 (table 1). Of the 33 young people, 14 suggested additional words (median of 2, range 1-24). Table 2 highlights additional words that could be added to the word cloud. When asked if a word cloud would help young people talk to health professionals about their pain in clinic, the majority said it yes it would (19=yes-a lot, 8=yes-a little, 5=possibly, 0=not at all 1=missing data).

Key learning points/Conclusion

The word cloud was acceptable to the participants in this study and demonstrated potential as a communication prompt from the young person’s perspective. Research is needed to determine what impact it has on pain communication between the young person and healthcare professional in the actual clinic visit.
P56 Involvement of young people in adolescent and young adult rheumatology services and research
Authors: Dillon Beth , Gnanenthiran Suruthi , Stubbs Megan , Yorke Sarah , Laura Lunt E , Janet McDonagh E
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

The Barbara Ansell National Network for Adolescent Rheumatology (BANNAR) was established in 2012. Survey results from within the paediatric and adolescent rheumatology community at this time, highlighted the lack of young people’s involvement in rheumatology research, beyond the role of study participant. Following research to determine the young person’s perspective of research and how they wanted to be involved, Your Rheum, a national young person’s advisory group, for 11-24 year olds diagnosed with a rheumatic condition, was formed in 2016.

Description/Method

Aim: to assess the current involvement of young people in rheumatology research and service delivery. A questionnaire was created using Microsoft Office online forms and emailed to all BANNAR members (n = 105). Topics included demographics, youth involvement panels and Your Rheum.

Discussion/Results

23 responses were received (21% response rate), representing 18 rheumatology centres across the UK including 15 tertiary paediatric and adolescent rheumatology centres. The majority of respondents were Consultants (n = 18). Over half of respondents (n = 16) work in centres involved in rheumatology research.

15 centres reported having a hospital-wide youth forum/advisory panel, which they promote amongst young people within their services. However, nearly all respondents reported no specific youth advisory panel for rheumatology services. Young people are actively involved in a number of areas within clinical rheumatology services (table 1), however patient satisfaction surveys were the most commonly reported. Moreover, young people are involved in aspects of rheumatology research (table 1), although this was primarily as research participants.

Over half of respondents (n = 14) have not worked with Your Rheum. Most recruit young people to get involved in the group (n = 16), however, only three respondents said they do this routinely. Common barriers to promoting Your Rheum were: lack of time in consultations; forgetting; lack of interest from the young person(s); no designated member in clinic to discuss Your Rheum with young people.

Key learning points/Conclusion

There remains a need to support youth involvement strategies at a local level as well as nationally via Your Rheum. The recent introduction of a Your Rheum animation (https://bit.ly/yourRHEUM) will hopefully support future recruitment.
P62 The benefits and limitations of telemedicine appointments for assessing children and young people with rheumatic conditions in Canada: A patient-led survey
Authors: Wilson Jennifer , Costello Wendy , Angevare Saskya , Beesley Richard
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background

During the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic, some healthcare provision shifted to remote, technology-assisted appointments (telemedicine). This study sought the views of parents/carers about telemedicine, identifying the benefits and limitations, to assist in improvement to future service provision.

Description/Method

An online survey was developed and shared via social media and direct contacts, targeted at parents of children with rheumatic and autoinflammatory conditions in Canada. Fieldwork took place during May 2021. Consent was provided during enrolment.

Discussion/Results

A total of 157 responses were received (78% female, median age 12). The primary diagnosis for the majority was Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA; 39% polyarticular, 15% oligoarticular, 8% enthesitis-related JIA, 6% psoriatic, and 9% systemic). Respondents reported in-person appointments represent a considerable time burden (87% travel more than an hour to attend; 40% take a full day (or more) out of school to attend; 38% of parents take a full day off work). During the pandemic, the proportion having a telemedicine appointment increased from 5% to 82%. Table 1 shows the scores (1 worst, 5 best) given by parents about their telemedicine experience. Overall, most aspects scored positively (p<.05). However, parents felt telemedicine was not as good as in-person appointments (mean 2.66, 95% CI 2.42-2.90).

Overall 61% said they would prefer the next appointment to be in-person, while 31% were amenable to some combination of in-person and virtual care.

Key learning points/Conclusion

There are advantages to telemedicine, notably saving time and making appointments accessible, and overall parents reported satisfaction with remote appointments. However, parents continue to report the value of in-person appointments.
Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal
Authors: Scarsbrook Lachie , Mitchell Kieren J , Mcgee Matthew D , Closs Gerard P , Rawlence Nicolas J
Published: September 2022

The evolutionary history of Southern Hemisphere graylings (Retropinnidae) in New Zealand (NZ), including their relationship to the Australian grayling, is poorly understood. The NZ grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) is the only known fish in NZ to have gone extinct since human arrival there. Despite its historical abundance, only 23 wet and dried, formalin-fixed specimens exist in museums. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing to generate mitogenomes from formalin-fixed P. oxyrhynchus specimens, and analysed these in a temporal phylogenetic framework of retropinnids and osmerids. We recovered a strong sister-relationship between NZ and Australian grayling (P. mareana), with a common ancestor ~13.8 Mya [95% highest posterior density (HPD): 6.1–23.2 Mya], after the height of Oligocene marine inundation in NZ. Our temporal phylogenetic analysis suggests a single marine dispersal between NZ and Australia, although the direction of dispersal is equivocal, followed by divergence into genetically and morphologically distinguishable species through isolation by distance. This study provides further insights into the possible extinction drivers of the NZ grayling, informs discussion regarding reintroduction of Prototroctes to NZ and highlights how advances in palaeogenetics can be used to test evolutionary hypotheses in fish, which, until relatively recently, have been comparatively neglected in ancient-DNA research.
Pathophysiological and Neuroplastic Changes in Postamputation and Neuropathic Pain: Review of the Literature
Authors: Issa Christopher J. , Svientek Shelby R. , Dehdashtian Amir , Cederna Paul S. , Kemp Stephen W. P.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite advancements in surgical and rehabilitation strategies, extremity amputations are frequently associated with disability, phantom limb sensations, and chronic pain. Investigation into potential treatment modalities has focused on the pathophysiological changes in both the peripheral and central nervous systems to better understand the underlying mechanism in the development of chronic pain in persons with amputations.

Methods:

Presented in this article is a discussion outlining the physiological changes that occur in the peripheral and central nervous systems following amputation. In this review, the authors examine the molecular and neuroplastic changes occurring in the nervous system, as well as the state-of-the-art treatment to help reduce the development of postamputation pain.

Results:

This review summarizes the current literature regarding neurological changes following amputation. Development of both central sensitization and neuronal remodeling in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex allows for the development of neuropathic and phantom limb pain postamputation. Recently developed treatments targeting these pathophysiological changes have enabled a reduction in the severity of pain; however, complete resolution remains elusive.

Conclusions:

Changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems following amputation should not be viewed as separate pathologies, but rather two interdependent mechanisms that underlie the development of pathological pain. A better understanding of the physiological changes following amputation will allow for improvements in therapeutic treatments to minimize pathological pain caused by amputation.