bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X‐Ray Diffraction and Micro‐Raman Study of Structural Transformations in (B2O3)1−x(H2O)x Glasses and Liquids
Authors: Brüning Ralf , Galbraith Justine B. , Braedley Katherine E. , Johnstone Jonathan , Robichaud Jacques , Balaji Subramanian , Djaoued Yahia
Published: July 2010

Liquid water and vitreous B2O3 are the endpoints of a continuous range of random networks in which hydrogen bonds gradually replace covalent bonds. Previous work has shown that glasses can be obtained by quenching in the range x≤0.50. We report the wide‐angle X‐ray scattering by the liquid phase in the composition range from x=0.38 to 1.00 (pure water) at temperatures just above the liquidus. The first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) remains at an approximately constant position in the range 0≤x≤0.8. Beyond this range, the position of the FSDP shifts linearly to higher angles. The relative concentration of the molecular species in the glasses and melts were measured with micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Small molecular species are found for glasses and liquids with x>0.36, determining the critical point at which the sample ceases to be a single macromolecule. Molecular water is present in liquids with x>0.62.
The metabolic life and times of a T‐cell
Authors: Michalek Ryan D. , Rathmell Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2010

Summary:  The regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis is critical for the development and formation of productive immune responses. Cell numbers must be maintained to allow sufficient numbers of lymphocytes to combat foreign pathogens but prevent the accumulation of excess lymphocytes that may increase the risk of developing autoimmunity or neoplasia. Cell extrinsic growth factors are essential to maintain homeostasis and cell survival, and it has become increasingly apparent that a key mechanism of this control is through regulation of cell metabolism. The metabolic state of T cells can have profound influences on cell growth and survival and even differentiation. In particular, resting T cells utilize an energy efficient oxidative metabolism but shift to a highly glycolytic metabolism when stimulated to grow and proliferate by pathogen encounter. After antigen clearance, T cells must return to a more quiescent oxidative metabolism to support T‐cell memory. This review highlights how these metabolic changes may be intricately involved with both T‐cell growth and death in the control of homeostasis and immunity.
Acylated ghrelin increases after controlled short‐time exercise in school‐aged children
Authors: Sauseng W. , Nagel B. , Gamillscheg A. , Aigner R. , Borkenstein M. , Zotter H.
Published: July 2010

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone, which plays an important role in appetite regulation. The effects of exercise on ghrelin plasma concentrations are still not clear, especially in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of acylated and total ghrelin concentrations to controlled exercise in school‐aged children. Thirty‐six healthy school‐aged children (mean age 12.61 years, SD ± 0.39) underwent a controlled bicycle exercise test. Before and immediately after exercise, blood samples were taken in order to measure plasma ghrelin concentrations. The control group consisted of 24 healthy school‐aged children. After controlled short‐time exercise, total ghrelin concentrations showed no significant difference, whereas acylated ghrelin concentrations increased significantly (P<0.001) in the study population compared with the control group. Moreover, we found a correlation between the proportional increase of acylated ghrelin and the duration of exercise (P<0.01), and between the proportional increase of acylated ghrelin and maximal performance (P<0.01). Increased levels of acylated ghrelin after exercise could be a physiological response to ensure a sufficient caloric intake after energy consumption in children and adolescents.
Management of intrusive luxation of maxillary incisors with dens in dente: a case report
Authors: Patil Anand C. , Patil Rajesh R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract –  Intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental traumatic injuries. The risk of occurrence of pulpal necrosis and inflammatory or replacement resorption is high. In an attempt to prevent or delay the appearance of such lesions, endodontic intervention is required soon after the occurrence of trauma. A 17‐year‐old boy reported to the Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 2 days after a fall from a bicycle. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed an intrusive luxation of the left maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor. There were complicated crown fracture with the right maxillary central incisor and uncomplicated crown fracture with the left maxillary central incisor. Also, all the incisors showed the presence of Oelhers type II Dens‐in‐dente. The management was hence challenging. Immediate surgical repositioning was performed and the teeth were stabilized with a composite resin splint. Endodontic therapy was initiated with the right maxillary central incisor, and the canal was sealed with calcium hydroxide dressing. After 3 weeks, pulp sensitivity was repeated with the maxillary left central and lateral incisors. The result was negative. Considering the incidence of pulp necrosis and root resorption in intruded teeth with complete root formation, they also were dealt in a similar manner as the maxillary right central incisor. The splint was removed after 1 month. After 6 months of calcium hydroxide therapy, there was a satisfactory apical and periodontal healing. At this stage, the teeth were obturated and the fractures were restored with composite resin. A 1‐year follow up revealed a satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome.
Genetic variation on the BDNF gene is not associated with differences in white matter tracts in healthy humans measured by tract‐based spatial statistics
Authors: Montag C. , Schoene‐Bake J.‐C. , Faber J. , Reuter M. , Weber B.
Published: July 2010

The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and involved in nerve growth and survival. It has also become a major research focus in the investigation of both cognitive and affective processes in the human brain in the last years. Especially, a single nucleotide polymorphism on the BDNF gene called BDNF Val66Met gained a lot of attention, because of its effect on activity‐dependent BDNF secretion and its link to negative emotionality and impaired memory processes. A well‐replicated finding from genetic structural imaging showed that carriers of the less frequent 66Met allele show diminished gray matter volume in several areas of the temporal lobe. New imaging techniques like diffusion tensor imaging now allow investigating the influence of BDNF Val66Met on white matter integrity. We applied tract‐based spatial statistics in a brain image dataset including n = 99 healthy participants. No significant differences between the 66Met and homozygous 66Val carriers were observed when correcting for multiple comparisons. In summary, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism seems not to play a substantial role with respect to the modulation of the white matter integrity in healthy subjects. Although not in the focus of this study, we also investigated the influence of Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire on the white matter tracts. No significant results could be observed.
ExHALED Study: Prevalence of smoking and harm levels in an emergency department cohort
Authors: Lynch Abigail , Quigley Paul
Published: July 2010

Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking among ED patients compared with the general New Zealand (NZ) smoking prevalence. Secondary outcomes were to determine smokers' level of nicotine dependence, readiness to quit and engagement with primary health care.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross‐sectional prevalence study of ED patients seen consecutively over 6 days in Wellington Hospital, Wellington South, NZ. Medically stable patients ≥18 years were asked about their smoking habits by a closed‐question survey.

Results: Five hundred and twenty‐eight patients comprised the study group. The ED smoking prevalence was 33.1% and higher than the general NZ smoking prevalence of 20.7%. Of those who smoked, 26.3% were ‘moderately’ to ‘very highly’ dependent on nicotine (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND score ≥5). Of those who smoked, 74.9% stated they wanted to quit, 42.9% wanted to quit within the next month and 60.6% wanted an ED quit smoking pack. There were 13.6% of ED patients not registered with a general practitioner; of this, 61.1% were current smokers and 70.5% wanted to quit smoking.

Conclusions: The prevalence rates of smoking are higher among patients attending Wellington Hospital ED than the general NZ population and the majority would like to quit smoking. One in four ED smokers have a high FTND score and are considered nicotine‐dependent. Many patients who were not registered with a general practitioner smoked, and the majority wanted to quit. Finally, there is significant interest from ED patients in receiving quit smoking packs from the ED.
Secular aberration drift and IAU definition of International Celestial Reference System
Authors: Titov Oleg
Published: July 2010

The gravitational attraction of the Galactic Centre leads to the centrifugal acceleration of the Solar system barycentre. It results in secular aberration drift which displaces the position of the distant radio sources. The effect should be accounted for in high-precision astrometric reductions as well as by the corresponding update of the International Celestial Reference System definition.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GELLAN GUM BASED FOOD GELS
Authors: SAHA DIPJYOTI , BHATTACHARYA SUVENDU
Published: July 2010

Fruit‐based gels with gellan gum as the gelling agent was prepared. Textural attributes of the gellan gum gels, formed with different concentrations of the gum (0.5–3.0%) and sugar and/or pineapple juice, were determined employing the methods of large‐deformation uniaxial compression and stress relaxation. Fracture stress/energy markedly increases with an increase in the concentration of gellan gum while fracture strain exhibits a marginal effect. The change in these compressive textural parameters is more pronounced for sugar added samples compared with gels without sugar. Marked decay in stress relaxation curves was observed; the extent of relaxation decreases marginally with an increase in gum content up to 2% but shows much lesser values beyond 2% addition. The sugar added samples exhibit lesser relaxation characteristics but higher relaxation times indicating elastic characteristics compared with samples without sugar. Use of gellan gum provides an innovative method for developing fruit juice based gels as a convenience food because of attractive transparent appearance and textural attributes.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

The use of hydrocolloids like gellan gum can develop fabricated foods in the form of fruit juice based gels having unique textural properties. These properties can be altered to suit the consumer preference by varying the proportions of gellan gum, fruit juice and sugar. The results in the present investigation arising from compression and relaxation testing thus help in characterizing the developed gels.
Evaluation of N‐Terminal Prohormone B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lampropoulos Konstantinos M. , Marinakis Andreas , Sokolis Dimitrios P. , Iliopoulos Themistoklis A.
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The aim of this research was to describe N‐terminal part of the prohormone B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels over time in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). NT‐proBNP, troponin I (Tn‐I), creatine kinase (CK), CK MB isoenzyme (CKMB), fibrinogen, D‐dimers, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 300 consecutive patients with ACS before undergoing successful reperfusion with PCI in the first 48 hours, 2 days after, and at the end of the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th month. The concentration of NT‐proBNP was cross‐correlated with the levels of NT‐proBNP in 300 patients without ACS and was significantly increased before and after PCI and at the end of the 3rd month, contrasting with the fast conversion to normal levels of Tn‐I, CK, CKMB, fibrinogen, D‐dimers, and CRP. In patients with ACS undergoing successful PCI, NT‐proBNP shows slow kinetics, especially in patients with an increased thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score, hypertension, and diabetes. Nevertheless, cardiac neurohormonal activation may be a unifying feature among patients at high risk for cardiovascular events after ACS and PCI. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:861–868.
What’s the Confusion About Fusion?—Differentiating Positive and Negative Closeness in Lesbian Relationships
Authors: Ackbar Salma , Senn Charlene Y.
Published: July 2010

This study differentiated between closeness and fusion in lesbian relationships, and examined whether age, adult attachment style, social support, outness, and relationship satisfaction were associated with these variables. Participants consisted of 77 women in long‐term, lesbian relationships. Overall, women who reported showing greater closeness toward their partners were more satisfied in their relationships. Age and attachment style were better predictors of closeness and fusion than were social support and outness. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Findings highlight the need for therapists to distinguish between positive and negative types of closeness in lesbian relationships, and avoid pathologizing high levels of closeness in lesbian relationships simply because they may deviate from a heterosexual norm.
Species delimitation – a geneious plugin for the exploration of species boundaries
Authors: MASTERS BRADLEY C. , FAN VICKY , ROSS HOWARD A.
Published: July 2010

Species Delimitation is a plugin to the Geneious software to support the exploration of species boundaries in a gene tree. The user assigns taxa to putative species and the plugin computes statistics relating to the probability of the observed monophyly or exclusivity having occurred by chance in a coalescent process. It also assesses the within and between species genetic distances to infer the probability with which members of a putative species might be identified successfully with tree‐based methods.
Optimal Vibration Suppression of Structures Under Random Base Excitation Using Semi-Active Mass Damper
Authors: Yang F. , Esmailzadeh E. , Sedaghati R.
Published: July 2010

The vibration suppression of structures using a semi-active mass damper is investigated in this study. A magnetorheological (MR)-damper is utilized to design the semi-actively controlled mass damper. The inverse MR-damper model is developed on the basis of an improved LuGre friction model, and combined with a designed H2/Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (H2/LQG) controller, in order to control the command current of the MR-damper to suppress structural vibration levels effectively. Illustrated examples are considered to investigate the vibration suppression effectiveness of a semi-active mass damper with a MR-damper, using the developed control methodology. The simulation results were compared with those reported in literature in order to validate the presented methodology.
Structure-Borne Sound Characterization of Coupled Structures—Part I: Simple Demonstrator Model
Authors: Pavić Goran , Elliott Andrew S.
Published: July 2010

A method has been developed to characterize a vibration source when coupled via resilient mounts to a receiver structure. This two-step measurement procedure can deliver the mobility and free velocity of a source, together with the mobility of the receiver to which it is connected, without decoupling the two structures. The method is feasible in a practical sense as it does not require any knowledge of mount properties. This is a major advantage as mount properties can deviate from their stated specifications through tolerances, and furthermore, the properties may change when loaded in the coupled-state. A benchmark test is used as a validation reference for the method where the properties of the resilient mounts are required and are assumed as known but not completely certain. The comparison of the benchmark and the principal method is used to illustrate the benefits of the latter given a small error in the supposedly known mount properties. In this first part of the paper, the principles of the two methods are illustrated using a simple demonstrator example while in the second part the feasibility of the method is further examined by virtual experiment involving two built-up plates resiliently connected at several points.
A Coupled Theoretical-Experimental Dynamical Model for Chatter Prediction in Milling Processes
Authors: Catania Giuseppe , Mancinelli Nicolo`
Published: July 2010

Productivity of high speed milling operations can be seriously limited by chatter occurrence. Several studies on this self-excited vibration can be found in the literature: simple models (1 or 2 dofs) are proposed, i.e. a lumped parameter model of the milling machine being excited by regenerative, time-varying cutting forces. In this study, a model of the milling machine is proposed: the machine frame and the spindle were modeled by an experimentally evaluated modal model, while the tool was modeled by a discrete modal approach, based on the continuous beam shape analytical eigenfunctions. The regenerative cutting force components lead to a set of Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) with periodic coefficients; DDEs were numerically integrated for different machining conditions. The stability lobe charts were evaluated using the semi-discretization method [6–7] that was extended to n dofs models (with n >2). Differences between the stability charts obtained by the low dofs models and the stability charts obtained by the new n dofs model are pointed out. Time histories and spectra related to the vibratory behavior of the system were numerically obtained to verify the effectiveness of the stability charts obtained with the n dofs modal model.
Electrostatic-Based Cathodic Protection Modeling
Authors: Ellor James A. , Cassidy Patrick J.
Published: July 2010

A corrosion engineer is often faced with the design of complex cathodic protection systems. Cathodic protection (CP) is defined as the application of an electrical current to suppress the corrosion (anodic or oxidation) reaction. When steel (or iron) corrodes, the reaction is Fe ← Fe+2 + 2e− (anodic or oxidation reaction). The reaction is suppressed through CP by using an external energy source or sacrificial material to make the reaction shown above unfavorable. If we are using an outside energy source, which is actually an external current source, we call it Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP). Design of an ICCP system involves establishing the optimal location and functional parameters for anodes and reference cells on the structure that the engineer is trying to protect. One of the more challenging aspects of this design effort is the ability to predict the distribution of current from one or more anodes to the structure protected. There are various empirical methods for making such estimates as well as comprehensive, computer-based software for modeling complex structures. However, a reasonable estimate of current distribution can be made on the basis of the principles of electrostatics using a common commercial spreadsheet program. This modeling approach proves to be simple to use, is inexpensive compared to the other modeling software on the market and gives meaningful results in a very short period of time.
Global Nonlinear Dynamics Based on the Method of Complete Bifurcation Groups and Rare Attractors
Authors: Zakrzhevsky Mikhail V.
Published: July 2010

The paper is devoted to the global bifurcation analysis of the models of strongly nonlinear forced or autonomous dynamical systems with one or several-degree-of-freedom by direct numerical and/or analytical methods. A new approach for the global bifurcation analysis for strongly nonlinear dynamical systems, based on the ideas of Poincare´, Birkhoff and Andronov, is proposed. The main idea of the approach is a concept of complete bifurcation groups and periodic branch continuation along stable and unstable solutions, named by the author as a method of complete bifurcation groups (MCBG). The article is illustrated using four archetypal forced dynamical systems with one degree-of-freedom. They are Duffing model with positional force f(x) = x + x3, Duffing double-well potential driven system, pendulum driven system and piecewise-linear (bilinear soft impact) driven dynamical system (Eq. 1–4). x+¨bx+˙x+x3=h1coswt(1)x+¨bx−˙x+x3=h1coswt(2)x+¨bx+˙a1sin(πx)=h1coswt(3)x+¨bx+˙f(x)=h1coswt,(4)f(x)=c1xifx≤d1,c2x−(c2−c1)d1ifx>d1 This paper is a continuation of the author’s previous one [53] with new results such as new bifurcation groups, rare attractors (RA) and protuberances. Some new results for dynamical systems with several degrees-of-freedom, based on the method of complete bifurcation groups may be found in [46–52].
A Process Planning Method for Thin Film Mask Projection Micro-Stereolithography
Authors: Jariwala Amit S. , Ding Fei , Zhao Xiayun , Rosen David W.
Published: July 2010

In this study, a process planning method is presented for the Mask Projection Micro-Stereolithography process with the ability to cure a film of various thicknesses on flat or curved transparent substrates. In this process, incident radiation, patterned by a dynamic mask, passes through a transparent substrate to cure photopolymer resin layers that grow progressively from the substrate surface. When compared to existing Stereolithography techniques, this technique eliminates the necessity of recoating, reducing process time and improving accuracy. A regression model is adopted in this process plan to accurately control the curing front on the substrate. An existing Mask Projection Micro-Stereolithography process planning method is extended to account for radiation transmission through the substrate. The models are verified using experiments.
Novel planarizing scheme for patterned media
Authors: Poh Wei Choong Allen , Tan Hang Khume , Ong Lay Ting , Hui Hui Kim , Wong Seng Kai , Aung Kyaw Oo , Tan Eileen , Sbiaa Rachid , Kay Yew Seng , Piramanayagam S. N.
Published: July 2010

A novel planarization scheme, consisting of compression of a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and low viscosity poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer into grooves of patterned recording media using a surface with flat morphology, has been proposed and investigated. Si (100) surface was used as the smooth surface for pressing PMMA onto the patterned media. Patterned samples prepared with such a planarization method showed very smooth topography of roughness as small as 3 Å (which is comparable to present hard disk media based on continuous film) by atomic force microscope. A magnetic sacrificial layer is proposed in addition as a solution to etching or polishing issues.
High-Throughput Genotyping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the
Plasmodium falciparum dhfr
Gene by Asymmetric PCR and Melt-Curve Analysis
Authors: Cruz Rochelle E. , Shokoples Sandra E. , Manage Dammika P. , Yanow Stephanie K.
Published: July 2010

Mutations within the
Plasmodium falciparum
dihydrofolate reductase gene (
Pfdhfr
) contribute to resistance to antimalarials such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Of particular importance are the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within codons 51, 59, 108, and 164 in the
Pfdhfr
gene that are associated with SP treatment failure. Given that traditional genotyping methods are time-consuming and laborious, we developed an assay that provides the rapid, high-throughput analysis of parasite DNA isolated from clinical samples. This assay is based on asymmetric real-time PCR and melt-curve analysis (MCA) performed on the LightCycler platform. Unlabeled probes specific to each SNP are included in the reaction mixture and hybridize differentially to the mutant and wild-type sequences within the amplicon, generating distinct melting curves. Since the probe is present throughout PCR and MCA, the assay proceeds seamlessly with no further addition of reagents. This assay was validated for analytical sensitivity and specificity using plasmids, purified genomic DNA from reference strains, and parasite cultures. For all four SNPs, correct genotypes were identified with 100 copies of the template. The performance of the assay was evaluated with a blind panel of clinical isolates from travelers with low-level parasitemia. The concordance between our assay and DNA sequencing ranged from 84 to 100% depending on the SNP. We also directly compared our MCA assay to a published TaqMan real-time PCR assay and identified major issues with the specificity of the TaqMan probes. Our assay provides a number of technical improvements that facilitate the high-throughput screening of patient samples to identify SP-resistant malaria.
Comparison of In-House Real-Time Quantitative PCR to the Adenovirus R-Gene Kit for Determination of Adenovirus Load in Clinical Samples
Authors: Jeulin Hélène , Salmon Alexandra , Bordigoni Pierre , Venard Véronique
Published: July 2010

In the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, adenovirus infections are associated with relevant mortality and morbidity. Detection of adenovirus DNA by quantitative PCR is the “gold standard” for these patients. A total of 150 samples, namely, 78 whole-blood, 22 cerebrospinal fluid, 24 digestive biopsy, and 26 stool samples, from 29 patients, including 24 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, were tested for the detection of adenovirus using an in-house real-time quantitative PCR assay (A. Heim, C. Ebnet, G. Harste, and P. Pring-Akerblom, J. Med. Virol. 70:228-239, 2003) and the commercially available Adenovirus R-Gene kit. Adenovirus DNA was automatically isolated from whole-blood samples (Magna Pure LC system; Roche) or was manually extracted from other specimens (QIAamp; Qiagen) using the appropriate kit. The intra- and interassay reproducibilities and sensitivities were evaluated with cell culture supernatant dilutions. Of the 150 samples tested, 86 were found to be positive and 55 were found to be negative using both techniques. Nine (6%) discordant results were obtained. In most cases, discrepant results concerned samples with low viral loads. Quantitative results for all concordant positive samples were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. A good correlation between the results of the in-house assay and those of the kit assay was obtained (
r
= 0.95;
P
< 0.001). Regarding the threshold cycle value for internal control spiked samples, none of the 150 samples tested contained a PCR inhibitor. In conclusion, a relevant correlation of results between the in-house assay and the kit assay, as well as the high-quality reproducibility and sensitivity of the kit assay, warranted its use for follow-up of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.
Development of a Targeted Gene Vector Platform Based on Simian Adenovirus Serotype 24
Authors: Belousova Natalya , Mikheeva Galina , Xiong Chiyi , Soghomonian Suren , Young Daniel , Le Roux Lucia , Naff Katherine , Bidaut Luc , Wei Wei , Li Chun , Gelovani Juri , Krasnykh Victor
Published: July 2010

Efforts to develop adenovirus vectors suitable for genetic interventions in humans have identified three major limitations of the most frequently used vector prototype, human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). These limitations—widespread preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity in humans, the high rate of transduction of normal nontarget tissues, and the lack of target-specific gene delivery—justify the exploration of other Ad serotypes as vector prototypes. In this paper, we describe the development of an alternative vector platform using simian Ad serotype 24 (sAd24). We found that sAd24 virions formed unstable complexes with blood coagulation factor X and, because of that, transduced the liver and other organs at low levels when administered intravenously. The overall pattern of biodistribution of sAd24 particles was similar, however, to that of Ad5, and the intravenously injected sAd24 was cleared by Kupffer cells, leading to their depletion. We modified the virus's fiber protein to design a Her2-specific derivative of sAd24 capable of infecting target human tumor cells
in vitro
. In the presence of neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies, Her2-mediated infection with targeted sAd24 compared favorably to that with the Ad5-derived vector. When used to target Her2-expressing tumors in animals, this fiber-modified vector achieved a higher level of gene transfer to metastasis-containing murine lungs than to tumor-free lungs. In aggregate, these studies provide important insights into sAd24 biology, identify its advantages and limitations as a vector prototype, and are thus essential for further development of an sAd24-based gene delivery platform.
Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Implicated as a Cause of Muddy Odor and Flavor in Commercial Fish from Cedar Lake, Manitoba
Authors: Yurkowski M. , Tabachek Jo-Anne L.
Published: July 2010

A muddy flavor and odor in commercial fish from Cedar Lake resulted in the closure of the commercial fishing season. Gas–liquid chromatography indicated the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol which are known to cause a muddy flavor in fish. The source of these compounds was not established but they are known to be produced by blue-green algae and actinomycetes.Key words: organoleptic properties, geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, commercial species, freshwater, Cedar Lake, Manitoba; Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, Esox lucius, Coregonus artedii, Coregonus clupeaformis
GIANT THIRD-ORDER KERR NONLINEARITIES AND SLOW OPTICAL SOLITONS IN DOUBLE QUANTUM-WELL
Authors: XIAO XUN
Published: July 2010

We show the formation of slow optical solitons in the asymmetric coupled double quantum wells (CQW) via a two-photon Raman resonance. With the consideration of real parameters in AlGaAs -based CQW, we indicate the possibility to have cancelation of the linear absorption, giant Kerr nonlinearities, and slow group velocity propagation of the weak probe pulse at the same one-photon detuning frequency around several THz .
SPIN INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION IN NON-MAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES
Authors: ZHANG YONG-MEI , QIU JIN-DOU , ZHANG CHUN , HU DONG-SHENG
Published: July 2010

We study spin transport properties in non-magnetic heterostructures in the presence of different spin-orbit interactions. For an unpolarized beam with zero angle of incidence, the transmitted spin-up and spin-down electrons will propagate in the same direction with similar amplitudes and different phases. The two beams will interfere with each other after passing through a certain distance of spin-orbit region. This effect just resembles the interference of polarization of light passing through wave plate. This quantum interference will shed light on quantum information processing and quantum computation.
MODELING OF COAXIAL CARBON NANOTUBE SCHOTTKY DIODES
Authors: KARGAR ALIREZA
Published: July 2010

A carbon nanotube (CNT) Schottky diode based on coaxial geometry is presented. We show that coaxially gated CNT field effect transistors (FETs) with a p-type semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWNT) and asymmetric contacts can provide good diode characteristics. The effect of different physical and electrical parameters such as gate bias voltage, gate insulator thickness, and CNT diameter on the rectification current–voltage characteristics is investigated. We demonstrate that it is possible to tune the rectification characteristic, threshold voltage, reverse saturation current, and reverse turn-on voltage by using these parameters.
PLANE SYMMETRIC SOLUTIONS FOR THE RADIATING GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
Authors: SHEN MING
Published: July 2010

In this letter, we present a family of plane symmetric solutions for the radiating gravitational field which satisfy the weak and dominant energy conditions. An example is given according to the general form. We show that the example is a space–time-periodic solution which may have some relations with the new physical phenomena.
COVERINGS OF 3-MANIFOLDS BY THREE OPEN SOLID TORI
Authors: GÓMEZ-LARRAÑAGA J. C. , GONZÁLEZ-ACUÑA F. , HEIL WOLFGANG H.
Published: July 2010

Motivated by the concept of S1-category of a manifold, we obtain a classification of all closed 3-manifolds that can be covered by three open solid tori.
Palynofacies, palaeoenvironments and petroleum
Authors: Batten D. J.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. During the past decade, transmitted light microscopy of dispersed organic particles has become an important tool for assessing the petroleum potential of sedimentary basins. The main components of palynofacies and the colours of the microfossils preserved therein are widely used in the oil industry to aid the determination of organic maturation level and source rock potential for hydrocarbons. Less well known is the technique of integrating palynofacies and sedimentological data to facilitate the identification of depositional environments. While not a new development in the field of palynology, the subject has recently come of age. Selected palynofacies from the English Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) and elsewhere are briefly described and illustrated in order to emphasise the value of palynofacies studies to both palynologists and petroleum geologists.
Benthic foraminifera: The validity of living, dead or total assemblages for the interpretation of palaeoecology
Authors: Murray John W.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Data on modern foraminifera provide the basis for the palaeoecological interpretation of fossil forms. The validity of the use of living, dead, and total (living plus dead) assemblages is discussed. It is concluded that ecological studies can be carried out only on living assemblages and that it is important to determine the production and postmortem influences which lead to the formation of the dead assemblage. The use of total assemblages is shown to be ill-founded.
Rotaliine Foraminiferida from the type section of the Atherfield “Group” (Lower Aptian), Isle of Wight, U.K.
Authors: Crittenden Stephen
Published: July 2010

Abstract. A preliminary study has been made of the Foraminiferida fauna of the type section of the Atherfield “Group” on the Isle of Wight. The fauna is sparse but diagnostic of the Lower Aptian as defined by faunas worldwide. This paper describes and illustrates the rotaliine Foraminiferida fauna and complements a previous publication describing and illustrating the textulariine fauna.
Speciation in a Late Cretaceous lineage of Veenia (Ostracoda)
Authors: Reyment R. A.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Special environmental conditions developed in the Tarfayan Basin of southwestern Morocco during the Cenomanian to Coniacian, presumably in response to eustatic changes of sea-level. The passage of V. rotunda to V. rahhalii took place over approximately 2 × 105 years, the appearance of the new species being heralded by the development of a new morph displaying some of the properties of the descendant species. This morph coexisted with the normal morph of V. rotunda. Using methods of quantitative genetics it is shown that speciation could have occurred either by weak selection or by random genetic drift in a deme of moderate size. The phenotype is regionally stable, hence the observed morphological changes in the lineage are of genetic origin. The morphological trend is regional.
Observations on the Jurassic dinocyst genera Energlynia and Wanaea
Authors: Woollam R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Topotype material of all known species of the Jurassic dinocyst genera Energlynia and Wanaea has been examined, and forms the basis of a brief review of the genera. Observations and interpretations of specific morphological features are presented. A new species Wanaea thysanota is described and the diagnosis of Wanaea digitata emended.
The vertical distribution of phytal ostracods in the intertidal zone at Gore Point, Bristol Channel, U.K.
Authors: Horne David J.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The first detailed investigation of the vertical distribution of ostracods inhabiting intertidal algae is presented herein. A study was made of the ostracod faunas obtained from samples of Corallina collected at various levels along transects of the intertidal zone at Gore Point in the Bristol Channel. A total of 28 species were recorded, including four new species presently left in open nomenclature. Both the composition of the ostracod fauna and the population age structure of individual species were found to vary considerably according to tidal level. The development of instars apparently proceeds at a faster rate at higher tidal levels, probably due to higher mean annual water temperatures. Among the factors which may determine the percentage composition of the ostracod fauna at a given level are temperature, pH, and the life-cycles and migratory habits of individual species.
Joseph B. Reade (1801–1870) and the earliest studies of fossil dinoflagellate cysts in England
Authors: Sarjeant William A. S.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The earliest British record of fossil dinoflagellate cysts is shown to have been published in 1838, in an appendix to Mantell’s The Wonders of Geology. A biography of its author, the Reverend Joseph Bancroft Reade (1801–1870), is presented; it is shown that his discoveries resulted from an awareness of earlier work in Germany and France. Reade is shown, not only to have stimulated Mantell’s interest in these microfossils, but also to have perceived their potential value as biostratigraphical indices. The present taxonomic placement of the forms illustrated by Reade in the 1838 note, and in his better-known paper published later in the same year, is summarized.
Benthic foraminiferids as pollution indicators in Southampton Water, southern England, U.K.
Authors: Sharifi A. R. , Croudace I. W. , Austin R. L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. A study of heavy metals in estuarine sediments and foraminiferal tests along with foraminiferal distributions from Southampton Water indicates that:a) heavy metals have a marked effect upon foraminiferid distribution. Some species are able to tolerate pollution and their relative abundance increases at discharge points, whereas other species develop test deformities. Investigation of cores show that no deformed specimens exist within sediments prior to the introduction of pollution.b) deformed specimens contain higher levels of elements such as Cu and Zn than non-deformed specimens. This indicates that heavy metals may be responsible for the abnormalities within foraminiferid tests. Culture experiments support this hypothesis. Specimens of Ammonia beccarii (Linné) developed abnormal chambers over a period of 12 weeks within a culture medium containing 10–20ppb of Cu.
Recent benthic foraminifers from Tarut Bay, Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed M. Abou-Ouf Sayed
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Recent bottom sediments from Tarut Bay were studied for their foraminiferal content. 13 of the 43 taxa comprise more than 90 percent of the total living and dead foraminifers. The bay sediments are characterized by a Miliolina-dominated assemblage, Rotaliina constitutes the next abundant suborder, with the Textulariina as a minor part of the fauna. Both living and dead populations exhibit low diversity (S=l–5) due to adverse hydrographic conditions in Tarut Bay.The foraminiferal species show significant variations between environments. The intertidal zone is dominated by Ammonia beccarii, Quinqueloculina spp., Elphidium, sp. aff. E. advena, Spirolina arietina and Peneroplis planatus. In the shallow subtidal zone (<3m), Ammonia beccarii becomes less important and other species of the intertidal zone show significant decreases in their concentrations. Trioculina spp. and Spiroloculina spp. become more abundant. The characteristic feature of the deeper subtidal zone (>3m) is the abundance of Eggerelloides scabra, which constitutes 18.5% of the total foraminifers. Quinqueloculina spp., is the only dominant intertidal taxa to be present as a dominant member of the deeper subtidal zone. Differences in hydrographic conditions and other ecological parameters are considered to be responsible for the species variation. The Quinqueloculina-abundant foraminiferal assemblage of Tarut Bay differs considerably from the foraminiferal assemblages of the southwest Gulf.
Ostracods and foraminifera from the Early - Middle Eocene of Qeren Sartaba, Jordan Valley
Authors: Honigstein A. , Rosenfeld A. , Benjamini C.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. 23 species of ostracods and 20 species and species groups of planktonic foraminifera from the 80m thick Qeren Sartabasection, central Jordan Valley, are described and illustrated. The material is determined by planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy to belong to the latest Early Eocene (upper part of Zone P9) and the early Middle Eocene (Zone P10). The palaeoecology is representative of a pelagic marine shelf, with periodic events of shallowing and hardground formation.
A new species of Embsaygnathus (Conodonta) from the Arundian (Carboniferous) of Co. Dublin, Ireland
Authors: Jones Gareth Li.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Embsaygnathus crosbiei sp. nov. Jones is recorded from Arundian limestones at Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland. It is suggested that E. crosbiei and Embsaygnathus asymmetricus Metcalfe were derived from the Geniculatus claviger Roundy — Geniculatus glottoides Vosges lineage.
Cenomanian—Turonian ostracods from Gebel Nezzazat, southwestern Sinai, Egypt, with observations on ∂13C values and the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary
Authors: Shahin Abdalla
Published: July 2010

Abstract. 96 surface samples from the Cenomanian—Turonian succession of Gebel Nezzazat, southwestern Sinai, Egypt were examined for ostracods. 45 species and varieties have been recognised with one new species ?Pterygocythere bisulcata sp.nov. and four left in open nomenclature. Most species have been recorded in rocks of the same age in the Middle East and North Africa, and some from West Africa, Europe and South America suggesting biogeographic relationships between these regions. Three local ostracod zonal assemblages are established, two in the Cenomanian and one in the Turonian. The ostracods and associated foraminifera and megafossils, suggest a shallow marine environment, sometimes with restricted marine water and in part brackish. The Oceanic Anoxic Event of the Late Cenomanian is recognised on the evidence of ∂13C values; ostracod diversity has a negative relationship to ∂13C values.
Into the next decade
Authors: Keen Mike
Published: July 2010

Abstract. As the Journal of Micropalaeontology enters its second decade, the editorial board has taken the opportunity to introduce some changes in its format. You may have already noticed the different layout of the title pages and the way in which text wraps around diagrams; we have also changed the font and font size, and are using more bold lettering in the systematics sections and explanation of plates. We hope that these changes will make the Journal easier to read. We also considered publication on matt paper, and thanks to the helpfulness of the printer were able to compare plates printed on different paper; however the editorial board was unanimous in deciding to keep with glossy paper because detail was clearly lost when plates were printed on matt.The end of one decade and the start of a new one is always a time for reflection. The Journal is a valuable vehicle for the publication of systematic work, and this will remain its primary role. However, the editors would like to see the submission of more of the “ideas” type of paper. Some thoughts on this are offered here. The first of what is hoped to be a series, “Essays in Micropalaeontology”, is published in this part. The format is intended for short critiques, opinions, or discussion of topics which are of interest to a wide audience. They may deal with a particular group of micro-organisms, but the content should be of general interest to most micropalaeontologists. John Haynes has opened. . .
A simple notation scheme to describe time-averaged ostracod assemblages (Crustacea, Ostracoda) by their taxonomic composition
Authors: Griffiths H. I. , Evans J. G.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. A simple notation scheme is presented for the description of Quaternary freshwater ostracod assemblages by means of their taxonomic composition. The notation scheme also allows diagrammatic description of the fauna and assists in palaeoecological interpretation of sequential samples.
Trace-element chemistry of non-marine ostracod shells: a preliminary evaluation of cleaning methods
Authors: Holmes Jonathan A.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Trace-element analysis of ostracod shells has been shown to be a powerful tool in Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reseach (e.g. Chivas et al., 1986). Particular use has been made of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in ostracod shells as palaeosalinity and palaeotemperature indictors. However, work on trace elements such as Cd, Zn, Cu and Ba in benthic foraminifera (e.g, Boyle, 1981) has shown that chemical cleaning of the shell is necessary to remove surface-bound contaminants, so that only the lattice-bound elements are analyzed. This note describes the application of selected cleaning methods to non-marine ostracod shells and evaluates their effect on shell chemistry with particular reference to Sr, Mg, Mn and Fe.Samples of ostracod shells were taken from late Quaternary lacustrine marls from Wallywash Great Pond, Jamaica. Adult valves of the genus Cypretta Vàrva 1895 were selected at random and subjected to one of three cleaning methods as follows.Method A: shells cleaned thoroughly with a clean nylon paint brush (0000) and deionised water, until all visible particles (under x40 magnification) had been removed. Shells cleaned by methods B and C were also initially treated in this way.Method B: shells cleaned in a basic hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution at 80°C for 30 minutes and then rinsed in deionised water (Boyle, 1981).Method C: shells cleaned in a basic sodium dithionite complexing reagent at 80°C for 30 minutes and then rinsed with deionised water (Boyle, 1981).Nine individual valves were cleaned using each method. Once cleaned, the valves were individually dissolved in 3ml. . .
Lower Jurassic ostracods from Ilminster, Somerset, England
Authors: Boomer Ian
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Pliensbachian and Toarcian ostracods are described from an interbedded marlstone/carbonate-mud •sequence in South-West England. Sediments of this age in other parts of Britain rarely offer a lithology favourable to the examination of calcareous microfossils. The fauna possesses similarities with other European sequences, particularly to the south. The presence of one species, Ektyphocythere dharennsourensis Boutakiout, Donze & Oulmalch, 1982 suggests possible links with North-West Africa at this time.
New Recent foraminiferal genera and species from the lagoon at Madang, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Langer Martin R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Two new genera and eight new species of benthic foraminifera are described from the shallow water, tropical lagoon of Madang, Papua New Guinea. The new hauerinid genus Pseudolachlanella is characterized by juvenile cryptoquinqueloculine, adult almost massiline arranged chambers, and a slitlike, curved aperture with parallel sides and a long, slender, curved miliolid tooth. Pitella haigi n. gen., n. sp. is a new foraminifera with cryptoquinqueloculine arranged chambers, an almost entirely pitted shell surface (pseudopores) and a rounded aperture with a short simple tooth. Among the other species described as new are four hauerinids and two agglutinated foraminifera All new species described here occur sporadically in the shallow water back- and forereef environments of the lagoon (0–55m), and live infaunally and epifaunally in well-oxygenated, fine and coarse grained biogenic sediments. They are absent in muddy, organic-rich, low-oxygen sedimentary environments within bay inlets where variations of salinity are considerable.