bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinal navigation for posterior instrumentation of C1–2 instability using a mobile intraoperative CT scanner
Authors: Czabanka Marcus , Haemmerli Julien , Hecht Nils , Foehre Bettina , Arden Klaus , Liebig Thomas , Woitzik Johannes , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Spinal navigation techniques for surgical fixation of unstable C1–2 pathologies are challenged by complex osseous and neurovascular anatomy, instability of the pathology, and unreliable preoperative registration techniques. An intraoperative CT scanner with autoregistration of C-1 and C-2 promises sufficient accuracy of spinal navigation without the need for further registration procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy and reliability of posterior C1–2 fixation using intraoperative mobile CT scanner–guided navigation.

METHODS

In the period from July 2014 to February 2016, 10 consecutive patients with instability of C1–2 underwent posterior fixation using C-2 pedicle screws and C-1 lateral mass screws, and 2 patients underwent posterior fixation from C-1 to C-3. Spinal navigation was performed using intraoperative mobile CT. Following navigated screw insertion in C-1 and C-2, intraoperative CT was repeated to check for the accuracy of screw placement. In this study, the accuracy of screw positioning was retrospectively analyzed and graded by an independent observer.

RESULTS

The authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 10 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 80.7 ± 4.95 years (range 42–90 years). Unstable pathologies, which were verified by fracture dislocation or by flexion/extension radiographs, included 8 Anderson Type II fractures, 1 unstable Anderson Type III fracture, 1 hangman fracture Levine Effendi Ia, 1 complex hangman-Anderson Type III fracture, and 1 destructive rheumatoid arthritis of C1–2. In 4 patients, critical anatomy was observed: high-riding vertebral artery (3 patients) and arthritis-induced partial osseous destruction of the C-1 lateral mass (1 patient). A total of 48 navigated screws were placed. Correct screw positioning was observed in 47 screws (97.9%). Minor pedicle breach was observed in 1 screw (2.1%). No screw displacement occurred (accuracy rate 97.9%).

CONCLUSION

Spinal navigation using intraoperative mobile CT scanning was reliable and safe for posterior fixation in unstable C1–2 pathologies with high accuracy in this patient series.
Registration of Seed Sterile, Perennial Sorghum spp. [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. halepense (L.) Pers.] Hybrid ‘PSH09TX15’
Authors: Jessup R. W. , Burson B. L. , Foster J. L. , Heitholt J. J.
Published: June 2017

A novel, perennial Sorghum spp. hybrid (PSH) [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x S. halepense (L.) Pers.], ‘PSH09TX15’ (Reg. No. GS‐785, PI 680638) was identified that possesses complete seed sterility, only rare occurrences (<0.1%) of flowering, and significantly greater mean leaf number per tiller than S. halepense. Initial collection of the hybrid was made in 2009, and subsequent evaluations were made in a collaborative effort between Texas A&M University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, and the USDA‐ARS. Winter survival of PSH09TX15 exceeded 98% at three locations in plant hardiness zones 9a, 8b, and 8a between 2012 and 2015 with no significant differences across locations. PSH09TX15 developed significantly greater leaf numbers per tiller (≥11) and shorter rhizome derived shoot (RDS) distances (−50%) than naturalized populations of S. halepense. PSH09TX15 produced annual biomass yields not significantly different than Dekalb Sudax (‘SX‐17’) forage sorghum across three seasons (2012– 2014) at three locations (College Station, Beeville, Commerce) in Texas. Effective eradication protocols were identified for PSH09TX15 to enable crop rotations. As a high biomass genotype, PSH09TX15 provides a perennial sorghum germplasm source suitable for utilization as a hay, forage, and biofuel feedstock with risk of neither seed weed invasiveness nor hybridization with cultivated S. bicolor.
Registration of ‘TUFRunner ‘511’ ’ Peanut
Authors: Tillman B. L. , Gorbet D. W.
Published: June 2017

‘TUFRunner ‘511’ ’ (Reg. No. CV‐131, PI 674432) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar was developed by the University of Florida, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) near Marianna, FL. It was tested under the experimental designation UF11301 and was approved for release in 2013. TUFRunner ‘511’ is a large‐seeded, runner market‐type peanut with a prostrate growth habit and medium green leaves and vines. The testa of TUFRunner ‘511’ seed are tan in color, and the seed is slightly larger than ‘Georgia‐06G’ (79.65 g 100 seed−1 vs. 77.2 g 100 seed−1, P > t = 0.0516). The release of TUFRunner ‘511’ was based on its pod yield potential, grading potential, and oil chemistry. Over a 7‐yr period from 2009 to 2015, over three Florida locations, yield of TUFRunner ‘511’ (6430 kg ha−1) was similar to that of Georgia‐06G (6416 kg ha−1), the dominant cultivar in the southeastern United States. The total sound mature kernel grade of TUFRunner ‘511’ was only slightly less than that of Georgia‐06G (78.6% vs. 79.3%, P > t = 0.064). Unlike Georgia‐06G, TUFRunner ‘511’ has high oleic oil chemistry, with 76% oleic fatty acid compared with 60% for Georgia‐06G (P > t < 0.001). These attributes make TUFRunner ‘511’ agronomically competitive with Georgia‐06G but with superior oil chemistry characteristics desired by manufacturers of peanut foods.
Development of ‘Ellis’ Soybean with High Soymeal Protein, Resistance to Stem Canker, Southern Root Knot Nematode, and Frogeye Leaf Spot
Authors: Pantalone Vince , Smallwood Chris , Fallen Ben
Published: June 2017

‘Ellis’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar (Reg. No. CV‐523, PI 680630) was developed by the University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station and was released as a late maturity group (MG) IV high‐yielding conventional (non‐genetically modified) cultivar in 2013. Ellis is an F5–derived single plant selection from the cross between two high‐yielding University of Tennessee cultivars, ‘5601T’ and ‘5002T’. In extensive field trials, Ellis has shown excellent adaptation and performance in Tennessee, the Mid‐South region, and the Southeast region of the United States. Ellis exhibits a relative maturity of 4.9, determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, and tan pod wall. It is resistant to stem canker and southern root knot nematode and shows field tolerance to frogeye leaf spot. The protein and oil concentrations of Ellis seed enable it to produce high protein meal (>48% protein in the meal fraction). Ellis's excellent seed yield coupled with its ability to produce high protein meal gives this new cultivar high estimated processor values. It will be useful as a parent to soybean breeders, valuable as a new high‐yielding cultivar to producers, and profitable to processors.
Do cell based tissue engineering products for meniscus regeneration influence vascularization?
Authors: Koch Matthias , Ehrenreich Tobias , Koehl Gudrun , Pattappa Girish , Pfeifer Christian , Loibl Markus , Müller Michael , Nerlich Michael , Angele Peter , Zellner Johannes
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

Meniscus regeneration is observed within the peripheral, vascularized zone but decreases in the inner two thirds alongside the vascularization. Within this avascular area, cell-based tissue-engineering-approaches appear to be a promising strategy for the treatment of meniscal defects.

OBJECTIVE:

Evaluation of the angiogenic potential of cell-based tissue-engineering-products for meniscus healing.

METHODS:

Evaluation of angiogenesis induced by rabbit meniscus-pellets, meniscus-cells (MC) or mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC) in cell-based tissue-engineering-products within a rabbit meniscus-ring was performed using a transparent dorsal skin fold chamber in nude mice. Observations were undertaken during a 14 days period. Cell preconditioning differed between experimental groups. Immunohistochemical analysis of the regenerated tissue in the meniscus-ring induced by cell loaded composite scaffolds for differentiation and anti-angiogenic factors were performed.

RESULTS:

Meniscus-pellets and MSC-/MC-based tissue-engineering-products induced angiogenesis. An accelerated vascularization was detected in the group of meniscus-pellets derived from the vascularized zone compared to avascular meniscus-pellets. In terms of cell-based tissue-engineering-products, chondrogenic preconditioning resulted in significantly increased vessel growth. MSC-constructs showed an accelerated angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed a progressive differentiation and lower content for anti-angiogenic endostatin in the precultured group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preconditioning of MC-/MSC-based tissue-engineering-products is a promising tool to influence the angiogenic potential of tissue-engineering-products and to adapt these properties according to the aimed tissue qualities.
PE859, A Novel Curcumin Derivative, Inhibits Amyloid-β and Tau Aggregation, and Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8
Authors: Okuda Michiaki , Fujita Yuki , Hijikuro Ichiro , Wada Mei , Uemura Takuya , Kobayashi Yukako , Waku Tomonori , Tanaka Naoki , Nishimoto Takaaki , Izumi Yasuhiko , Kume Toshiaki , Akaike Akinori , Takahashi Takashi , Sugimoto Hachiro
Published: June 2017

Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ and tau aggregation may represent a potential therapeutic target for AD. Herein, we designed and synthesized both Aβ and tau dual aggregation inhibitors based on the structure of curcumin and developed the novel curcumin derivative PE859. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of PE859 on Aβ aggregation in vitro and the therapeutic effects of PE859 on cognitive dysfunction via dual inhibition of Aβ and tau aggregation in vivo. PE859 inhibited Aβ aggregation in vitro and protected cultured cells from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, PE859 ameliorated cognitive dysfunction and reduced the amount of aggregated Aβ and tau in brains of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). These results warrant consideration of PE859 as a candidate drug for AD.
A Mitochondrial Biomarker-Based Study of S-Equol in Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects: Results of a Single-Arm, Pilot Trial
Authors: Wilkins Heather M. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Welch Paul , Bothwell Rebecca , Koppel Scott , Jackson Richard L. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Swerdlow Russell H.
Published: June 2017

Reductions in bioenergetic fluxes, mitochondrial enzyme activities, and mitochondrial number are observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preclinical work indicates estrogen pathway signaling by either estrogen or selective β estrogen receptor (ERβ) agonists benefits these parameters. To assess whether an ERβ agonist could improve mitochondrial function in actual AD subjects, we administered S-equol (10 mg twice daily) to 15 women with AD and determined the platelet mitochondria cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity before initiating S-equol (lead-in), after two weeks of S-equol (active treatment), and two weeks after stopping S-equol (wash-out). Because the intra-individual variation of this enzyme across samples taken at different times was unknown we used a nonparametric, single-arm, dichotomous endpoint that classified subjects whose active treatment COX activity exceeded the average of their lead-in and wash-out measures as positive responders. Eleven positive responses were observed ( p < 0.06). The implications of this finding on our null hypothesis (that S-equol does not influence platelet mitochondria COX activity) are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first time a direct mitochondrial target engagement biomarker has been utilized in an AD clinical study.
Analysis of Azithromycin Monohydrate as a Single or a Combinatorial Therapy in a Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Osman Erkan Y. , Washington Charles W. , Simon Madeline E. , Megiddo Dalia , Greif Hagar , Lorson Christian L.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the loss of α-motor neurons. A variety of molecular pathways are being investigated to elevate SMN protein expression in SMA models and in the clinic. One of these approaches involves stabilizing the SMN Δ7 protein by inducing translational read-through. Previous studies have demonstrated that functionality and stability are partially restored to the otherwise unstable SMN Δ7 by the addition of non-specific C-terminal peptide sequences, or by inducing a similar molecular event through the use of read-through inducing compounds such as aminoglycosides.

Objective:

The objective was to determine the efficacy of the macrolide Azithromycin (AZM), an FDA approved read-through-inducing compound, in the well-established severe mouse model of SMA.

Methods:

Initially, dosing regimen following ICV administrations of AZM at different post-natal days and concentrations was determined by their impact on SMN levels in disease-relevant tissues. Selected dose was then tested for phenotypic parameters changes as compared to the appropriate controls and in conjugation to another therapy.

Results:

AZM increases SMN protein in disease relevant tissues, however, this did not translate into similar improvements in the SMA phenotype in a severe mouse model of SMA. Co-administration of AZM and a previously developed antisense oligonucleotide that increases SMN2 splicing, resulted in an improvement in the SMA phenotype beyond either AZM or ASO alone, including a highly significant extension in survival with improvement in body weight and movement.

Conclusions:

It is important to explore various approaches for SMA therapeutics, hence compounds that specifically induce SMN Δ7 read-through, without having prohibitive toxicity, may provide an alternative platform for a combinatorial treatment. Here we established that AZM activity at a low dose can increase SMN protein in disease-relevant animal model and can impact disease severity.
Incidence of and risk factors for Hospital Acquired Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Hafsa , Fakruddin Md , Masud Md Rana , Islam Kamrunnahar
Published: June 2017

Objective: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is a major concern in hospital settings.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI), patient and hospital related factor, offending microorganism and their antimicrobial sensitivity. Data were collected prospectively with patients admitted during study period.Results and discussion: 9.4% respondents were found to develop HAI. 60% patients with more than 3 visitor, 11.9% patient with prior antibiotic therapy and 24% patient with underlying illness developed HAI. 14.6% routine operation case and 24.5% emergency operation case developed HAI. 17.1% patients with invasive device therapy whereas 3.8% patients without any device therapy developed HAI. 31.8% patients having immunosuppressive therapy and 37% patients with frequent transfer within hospital whereas only 6.9% patients without transfer developed HAI. Bacteria isolated from HAI cases were identified to be member of nine different genera. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from 33% HAI case, while Acinetobacter baumanii and Escherichia coli isolated from 13% case and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 14% cases. Only colistin has sensitivity range from 76 to 100% while almost all other isolates were observed multi drug resistance (MDR).Conclusion: Comprehensive strategy should be undertaken to reduce risk of HAI.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.358-369
Effect of Secretome Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Expression Interleukin 10 And Interleukin 17 in Mice Lupus Model
Authors: Nurudhin Arif , Adnan Zainal Arifin , Kertia Nyoman
Published: June 2017

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with extensive clinical features. The role of Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is to promote autoantibody production and autoreactive B cell proliferation. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) associated with pathogenesis of SLE and positively correlated with disease activity. Intraperitoneal pristane can induce lupus in mice. Mesenchymal stem cells secretome work in paracrine effects asantiinflammatory and immunomodulation agent by suppressing autoreactive T and B cell, which play an important role in pathogenesis of SLE. The aim of this study is to evaluate effect of mesenchymal stem cells secretome on the expression of IL-10 and IL-17 in murine lupus models induced by pristane.Methods: A randomized experimental study, post-test only control group design, samples using 21 female Mus Musculus mice strain Balb/C, divided into 3 groups: control group with intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of 0.9% NaCl, treatment group with intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL pristane, therapy group with intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL pristane and 0.45 mL of secretome. Statistical analysis using ANOVA test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The results showed significant relationship between control and pristane groups both at the levels of IL-17 (control 6.9±1.95,pristane 9.9±2.27, pristane+secretome 6.1±1.95 p=0.016), and there are significant differences in the expression of IL-10 in the control group vs pristane group (-4,42±1,43 per 100 lymphocyte; p=0,006), pristane group vs pristane+secretome group (4,00±1,43 per 100 lymphocyte; p=0,012).Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells secretome decreased the expression of IL-10 and IL-17 levels in murine lupus models induced by pristane.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.418-422
Interdisciplinary case of multiple congenitally missing permanent teeth.
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Purmal Kathiravan , Low Amy , Pohchi Abdullah
Published: June 2017

Background: Patients presenting with congenitally missing teeth are relatively common and the aim of the dental team is to create a functional, healthy, and aesthetically acceptable dentition. The consequences of missing teeth include an abnormal occlusion or an altered facial appearance which may lead to psychological distress in some patients.Methods: The present case report describes a 23 year old patient with non-syndromic, congenitally missing permanent teeth (CMMPT). Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed agenesis of eight permanent teeth including the third molars. Following interdisciplinary treatment planning, the patient was treated with mechano therapy to correct a class III incisal relationship by space closure in the lower arch. In the upper arch, the right canine was substituted for a missing lateral incisor and space was opened for a prosthetic left lateral incisor (a mini implant).Results: Active orthodontic treatment was completed in 19 months. The management of CMMPT requires an interdisciplinary approach to achieve improved occlusal function and aesthetics.Conclusion: A combined orthodontic-implant-prosthodontic treatment approach can achieve an improved functioning occlusion, and favorable aesthetics.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.467-473
Thesis Abstracts Vol.1(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Molecular Analysis of HLA-DR and Their Association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Khatun Sumaiya , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Roy Chandan Kumar , Khan Shafinaj , Pal Suparna , Sattar Humayun
Published: June 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops within a complex network of genetic and immunologic factors. Both genetic and environmental factors strongly influence the      development of SLE. But genetic factors are more important both in determining the overall susceptibility to SLE and in influencing immunologic heterogenecity in affected subjects. Now it is accepted that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes particularly HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) class II constitute a part of the genetic factor for susceptibility to develop SLE. To determine the association of HLA-DR antigens with SLE, this case-control study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2013 in Dhaka. Buccal swabs for HLA-DR typing were collected from 46 SLE cases and 46 age and sex matched unrelated healthy controls. HLA-DR typing was carried out by polymerase chain        reaction (PCR) with sequence specific primers. Among 46 cases, female versus male ration was 22: 1 and mean age at study entry was 27.05 ± 8.17 years, ranging from 12.5  45 years. A total of 10      (HLA-DR1 to DR10) HLA antigens were determined in both cases and controls. The most frequent HLA-DR observed among cases was DR2 (86.96%) followed by DR7 (41.30%). When compared with healthy controls, the HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with SLE (p ?0.05, RR: 4.6914, 95% CI: 1.658 to 13.267). No other HLA-DR had significant association with SLE. No association of HLA-DR was observed with age of onset of disease among SLE cases. Results of the study reveal that HLA-DR2 gene is a risk factor for development of SLE in Bangladeshi population.
Role of MDCT Scan in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Mass with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sazzad , Saha Partho Protim , Jahan Mahmood Uz , Sharmin Sadia , Afrin Rawnak , Yesmin Lovely
Published: June 2017

Diagonstic imaging plays a critical role in evaluation of the adenocarcinoma of the pancreas- the 4th leading cause of death for the cancer globally. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of pancreatic tumors. The prospective and study was carried out in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July, 2013 to December 2014. Amongst 47 publish with suspected pancreatic lesion (having positive CT scan findings). Patients underwent histopathology of their lesions, the report of which was used as gold standard for comparing the role of CT scan in evaluating such lesions. Pancreatic disease was found to be more prevalent in males. The commonest age group was 56-65 years. On the average malignant lesions were more common in elder age group than the benign ones. Head of the pancreas was the commonest site for malignant pancreatic mass.  Main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation was found to be a harbinger for malignant condition of pancreas. 72.3% patients showed MPD dilatation most of which proved to be malignant. Some 45% patients showed common bile duct (CBD) dilatation all of which presented clinically with jaundice. Out of 47 patients 33 (60.3%) were diagnosed to have malignant lesions while 14 (39.7%) had benign lesions. Finding of the study suggest that CT scan may be a useful tool for assessing and changing of Parcrease mass lesions.
Neonatal Septicemia: Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin Mahmuda , Siddique Md Abdullah , Ahmed Abdullah Akhtar , Islam Md Nazrul , Sarker Parimol Chandra , Showkath Mohammad Sohel , Sharmin Rezowana , Aktar Arefa , Begum Poly , Khanom Tahera , Biswas Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Ahommed Faruk
Published: June 2017

A cross sectional descriptive study was done to find out the causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities in the Department of Microbiology in collaboration with the Department of Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Rajshahi during the period of July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 116 blood samples were taken aseptically from patients who were suspected of neonatal septicemia. Blood was then inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth. Bacterial isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by standard microbiological methods. Among 116 cases, 33(28.4%) were found to be culture positive. The most commonly isolated causative agents of neonatal septicemia were Staphylococcus aureus 17(51.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 10(30.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 03(9.09%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 02(6.06%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 01(3.03%). In general, all the Gram positive and Gram negative isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Gram positive bacteria were found to be particularly sensitive to vancomycin. They were moderately sensitive to ceftazidime followed in amoxicillin but were totally resistant to ampicillin. This study revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli are predominant causative organisms in neonatal septicemia and these are highly sensitive to meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2016;11(2): 58-61
Adult Onset Still's Disease
Authors: Islam MM Shahin Ul , Sarker Mst Naznin , Hossain Md Iqbal , Hossain Mohammad Iqbal , Kamruzzaman Muhammad
Published: June 2017

Adult Still's disease is rare disease presented with high spiking fever, joint pain, rash, organomegaly and serositis. It is difficult to diagnose as it closely mimics with many systemic diseases, so it can be diagnosed after exclusion of them. There are lots of diagnostic criteria, of them Yamaguchi's criteria is well established. Treatment consists of NSAIDS, corticosteroids & other immunosuppressive drugs. Course of the disease is unpredictable with relapse & remission in many cases. Here we present a 25 years old lady with Adult Onset Still's Disease.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2016;11(2): 86-89
COLD CHAMBER DIE CASTING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Singh Rupinder
Published: June 2017

In the present work cold chamber die casting solution of Al alloy has been investigated as a case study of industrial component (crankcase). The study presented in this paper is based upon Taguchi based model on dimensional accuracy in cold chamber die casting. The castings prepared at proposed parametric settings have been studied for functional validation of the parts, as per statistical control point of view. The result of study highlights significant improvement in dimensional accuracy (as regards to statistical process control isconcerned) at proposed parametric settings of cold chamber die casting process.
Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL
Authors: Tschentscher Thomas , Bressler Christian , Grünert Jan , Madsen Anders , Mancuso Adrian , Meyer Michael , Scherz Andreas , Sinn Harald , Zastrau Ulf
Published: June 2017

European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility providing soft and hard X-ray FEL radiation to initially six scientific instruments. Starting user operation in fall 2017 European XFEL will provide new research opportunities to users from science domains as diverse as physics, chemistry, geo- and planetary sciences, materials sciences or biology. The unique feature of European XFEL is the provision of high average brilliance in the soft and hard X-ray regime, combined with the pulse properties of FEL radiation of extreme peak intensities, femtosecond pulse duration and high degree of coherence. The high average brilliance is achieved through acceleration of up to 27,000 electron bunches per second by the super-conducting electron accelerator. Enabling the usage of this high average brilliance in user experiments is one of the major instrumentation drivers for European XFEL. The radiation generated by three FEL sources is distributed via long beam transport systems to the experiment hall where the scientific instruments are located side-by-side. The X-ray beam transport systems have been optimized to maintain the unique features of the FEL radiation which will be monitored using build-in photon diagnostics. The six scientific instruments are optimized for specific applications using soft or hard X-ray techniques and include integrated lasers, dedicated sample environment, large area high frame rate detector(s) and computing systems capable of processing large quantities of data.
Vitamin B12 and Semen Quality
Authors: Banihani Saleem Ali
Published: June 2017

Various studies have revealed the effects of vitamin B12, also named cobalamin, on semen quality and sperm physiology; however, these studies collectively are still unsummarized. Here, we systematically discuss and summarize the currently understood role of vitamin B12 on semen quality and sperm physiology. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases for only English language articles or abstracts from September 1961 to March 2017 (inclusive) using the key words “vitamin B12” and “cobalamin” versus “sperm”. Certain relevant references were included to support the empirical as well as the mechanistic discussions. In conclusion, the mainstream published work demonstrates the positive effects of vitamin B12 on semen quality: first, by increasing sperm count, and by enhancing sperm motility and reducing sperm DNA damage, though there are a few in vivo system studies that have deliberated some adverse effects. The beneficial effects of vitamin B12 on semen quality may be due to increased functionality of reproductive organs, decreased homocysteine toxicity, reduced amounts of generated nitric oxide, decreased levels of oxidative damage to sperm, reduced amount of energy produced by spermatozoa, decreased inflammation-induced semen impairment, and control of nuclear factor-κB activation. However, additional research, mainly clinical, is still needed to confirm these positive effects.
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy: A Review of Clinical Experiences and Preclinical Research, with an Emphasis on DNA Damage/Repair
Authors: Mohamad Osama , Sishc Brock , Saha Janapriya , Pompos Arnold , Rahimi Asal , Story Michael , Davis Anthony , Kim D.W.
Published: June 2017

Compared to conventional photon-based external beam radiation (PhXRT), carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has superior dose distribution, higher linear energy transfer (LET), and a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This enhanced RBE is driven by a unique DNA damage signature characterized by clustered lesions that overwhelm the DNA repair capacity of malignant cells. These physical and radiobiological characteristics imbue heavy ions with potent tumoricidal capacity, while having the potential for simultaneously maximally sparing normal tissues. Thus, CIRT could potentially be used to treat some of the most difficult to treat tumors, including those that are hypoxic, radio-resistant, or deep-seated. Clinical data, mostly from Japan and Germany, are promising, with favorable oncologic outcomes and acceptable toxicity. In this manuscript, we review the physical and biological rationales for CIRT, with an emphasis on DNA damage and repair, as well as providing a comprehensive overview of the translational and clinical data using CIRT.
Sensible Heat Transfer during Droplet Cooling: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Teodori Emanuele , Pontes Pedro , Moita Ana , Georgoulas Anastasios , Marengo Marco , Moreira Antonio
Published: June 2017

This study presents the numerical reproduction of the entire surface temperature field resulting from a water droplet spreading on a heated surface, which is compared with experimental data. High-speed infrared thermography of the back side of the surface and high-speed images of the side view of the impinging droplet were used to infer on the solid surface temperature field and on droplet dynamics. Numerical reproduction of the phenomena was performed using OpenFOAM CFD toolbox. An enhanced volume of fluid (VOF) model was further modified for this purpose. The proposed modifications include the coupling of temperature fields between the fluid and the solid regions, to account for transient heat conduction within the solid. The results evidence an extremely good agreement between the temporal evolution of the measured and simulated spreading factors of the considered droplet impacts. The numerical and experimental dimensionless surface temperature profiles within the solid surface and along the droplet radius, were also in good agreement. Most of the differences were within the experimental measurements uncertainty. The numerical results allowed relating the solid surface temperature profiles with the fluid flow. During spreading, liquid recirculation within the rim, leads to the appearance of different regions of heat transfer that can be correlated with the vorticity field within the droplet.
Optimization of Battery Capacity Decay for Semi-Active Hybrid Energy Storage System Equipped on Electric City Bus
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Wang Tianze
Published: June 2017

In view of severe changes in temperature during different seasons in cold areas of northern China, the decay of battery capacity of electric vehicles poses a problem. This paper uses an electric bus power system with semi-active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) as the research object and proposes a convex power distribution strategy to optimize the battery current that represents degradation of battery capacity based on the analysis of semi-empirical LiFePO4 battery life decline model. Simulation results show that, at a room temperature of 25 °C, during a daily trip organized by the Harbin City Driving Cycle including four cycle lines and four charging phases, the percentage of battery degradation was 9.6 × 10−3%. According to the average temperature of different months in Harbin, the percentage of battery degradation of the power distribution strategy proposed in this paper is 3.15% in one year; the electric bus can operate for 6.4 years until its capacity reduces to 80% of its initial value, and it can operate for 0.51 year more than the rule-based power distribution strategy.
That was the Worst Day of My Life: Recrafting Family through Memory, Race, and Rejection in Post-WWII Germany
Authors: Owens Patton Tracey
Published: June 2017

This research project is a historical and narrative study of cross-racial, international couplings between Black U.S. servicemen and White German women during WWII and the children who resulted from these relationships. Once pejoratively referred to as “Brown Babies,” or worse, often both the U.S. and German governments collaborated in the destruction of families through forbidding interracial coupling and encouraging White German women to either abort mixed raced babies or give up these children for international adoption in an effort to keep Germany White. Using my own family’s history to show that mixed race children are the dross that needed to be removed from Germany, I employed memory and post-memory as my theoretical framing, coupled with authoethnography, family interviews, and narratives as my methodological tools. Of primary concern is what place Black German children and their mothers were allowed to occupy in the German national imagination and to what extent their individual rights and interests were superseded by the assertion of state interest in managing the German citizenry. Ultimately, it is argued that different tactics of constituting Germanness as homogenously White comes at the expense German women’s rights over their bodies and the exclusion of mixed race Black German children.
Message in a Bottle: Dialog between Intestine and Skin Modulated by Probiotics
Authors: Friedrich Adrián , Paz Mariela , Leoni Juliana , González Maglio Daniel
Published: June 2017

At the beginning, probiotics were used exclusively for gastrointestinal conditions. However, over the years, evidence has shown that probiotics exert systemic effects. In this review article, we will summarize recent reports that postulate probiotic treatment as an efficient one against skin pathologies, such as cancer, allergy, photoaging and skin infections. The focus will be restricted to oral probiotics that could potentially counteract the ultraviolet irradiation-induced skin alterations. Moreover, the possible underlying mechanisms by which probiotics can impact on the gut and exert their skin effects will be reviewed. Furthermore, how the local and systemic immune system is involved in the intestine-cutaneous crosstalk will be analyzed. In conclusion, this article will be divided into three core ideas: (a) probiotics regulate gut homeostasis; (b) gut and skin homeostasis are connected; (c) probiotics are a potentially effective treatment against skin conditions.
Plant Lectins Targeting O-Glycans at the Cell Surface as Tools for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy
Authors: Poiroux Guillaume , Barre Annick , Van Damme Els , Benoist Hervé , Rougé Pierre
Published: June 2017

Aberrant O-glycans expressed at the surface of cancer cells consist of membrane-tethered glycoproteins (T and Tn antigens) and glycolipids (Lewis a, Lewis x and Forssman antigens). All of these O-glycans have been identified as glyco-markers of interest for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer diseases. These epitopes are specifically detected using T/Tn-specific lectins isolated from various plants such as jacalin from Artocarpus integrifola, and fungi such as the Agaricus bisporus lectin. These lectins accommodate T/Tn antigens at the monosaccharide-binding site; residues located in the surrounding extended binding-site of the lectins often participate in the binding of more extended epitopes. Depending on the shape and size of the extended carbohydrate-binding site, their fine sugar-binding specificity towards complex O-glycans readily differs from one lectin to another, resulting in a great diversity in their sugar-recognition capacity. T/Tn-specific lectins have been extensively used for the histochemical detection of cancer cells in biopsies and for the follow up of the cancer progression and evolution. T/Tn-specific lectins also induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, often associated with a more or less severe inhibition of proliferation. Moreover, they provide another potential source of molecules adapted to the building of photosensitizer-conjugates allowing a specific targeting to cancer cells, for the photodynamic treatment of tumors.
The Roles of Long Non-Protein-Coding RNAs in Osteo-Adipogenic Lineage Commitment
Authors: Yoshioka Hirotaka , Yoshiko Yuji
Published: June 2017

Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common mesenchymal progenitor in the bone marrow. This implies that a reciprocal relationship exists between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Further, cells of osteoblast lineage transdifferentiate into adipocytes under some circumstances. Dysregulation of osteo-adipogenic fate-determination leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis, accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipose tissue. Thus, the fine-tuning of osteo-adipogenesis is necessary for bone homeostasis. Osteo-adipogenic progression is governed by a complex crosstalk of extrinsic signals, transcription factors, and epigenetic factors. Long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act in part as epigenetic regulators in a broad range of biological activities, such as chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, and histone modification. In this review, we highlight the roles of epigenetic regulators, particularly lncRNAs, in the osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts.
Syk Activity Is Dispensable for Platelet GP1b-IX-V Signaling
Authors: Badolia Rachit , Kostyak John , Dangelmaier Carol , Kunapuli Satya
Published: June 2017

The binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to the platelet membrane glycoprotein 1b-IX (GP1b-IX) leads to activation of platelets. GP1b was shown to signal via the FcRγ-ITAM (Fc Receptor γ-Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) pathway, activating spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and other tyrosine kinases. However, there have been conflicting reports regarding the role of Syk in GP1b signaling. In this study, we sought to resolve these conflicting reports and clarify the role of Syk in VWF-induced platelet activation. The inhibition of Syk with the selective Syk inhibitors, OXSI-2 and PRT-060318, did not inhibit VWF-induced platelet adhesion, agglutination, aggregation, or secretion. In contrast, platelets stimulated with the Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonist, collagen-related peptide (CRP), failed to cause any aggregation or secretion in presence of the Syk inhibitors. Furthermore, GP1b-induced platelet signaling was unaffected in the presence of Syk inhibitors, but GPVI-induced signaling was abolished under similar conditions. Thus, we conclude that Syk kinase activity does not play any functional role downstream of GP1b-mediated platelet activation.
The Biology and Control of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella
Authors: Kwadha Charles A. , Ong’amo George O. , Ndegwa Paul N. , Raina Suresh K. , Fombong Ayuka T.
Published: June 2017

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, and Apis cerana Fabricius. The greater wax moth larvae burrow into the edge of unsealed cells with pollen, bee brood, and honey through to the midrib of honeybee comb. Burrowing larvae leave behind masses of webs which causes galleriasis and later absconding of colonies. The damage caused by G. mellonella larvae is severe in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and is believed to be one of the contributing factors to the decline in both feral and wild honeybee populations. Previously, the pest was considered a nuisance in honeybee colonies, therefore, most studies have focused on the pest as a model for in vivo studies of toxicology and pathogenicity. It is currently widespread, especially in Africa, and the potential of transmitting honeybee viruses has raised legitimate concern, thus, there is need for more studies to find sustainable integrated management strategies. However, our knowledge of this pest is limited. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the biology, distribution, economic damage, and management options. In addition, we provide prospects that need consideration for better understanding and management of the pest.
Statistical Inference for Visualization of Large Utility Power Distribution Systems
Authors: Hernandez Miguel , Ramos Gustavo , Padullaparti Harsha , Santoso Surya
Published: June 2017

Electrical variable visualization has been widely applied to report the performance and effectiveness of novel devices and strategies in utility power distribution systems. Many graphical alternatives are useful to demonstrate critical characteristics of distribution systems such as voltage regulation or power flow. This visualization of electrical variables can also be an effective approach to analyze, compare and evaluate large-scale systems. However, there is a lack of generalized visualization strategies oriented to perform electrical validations of smart grid strategies in large distribution systems. In this paper, we show that the proposed probabilistic density evolution is a powerful resource for long-term time-sequential simulations. Examinations with an IEEE 8500 node test feeder shows that the proposed approach increases the circuit situational awareness and reduces the validation time. To illustrate this methodology, the dynamic voltage condition was simulated and analyzed to recognize the global effect of voltage regulating equipment. The results show an accurate and convenient support that can be interpreted at first glance. The proper use of long-term field measurements and short time-step simulations is a robust method for future grid research, such as designing an optimum operation of intelligent devices or diagnosing electrical interoperability issues in complex grids.
Social Factors Determine the Emergency Medical Admission Workload
Authors: Cournane Seán , Conway Richard , Byrne Declan , O’Riordan Deirdre , Coveney Seamus , Silke Bernard
Published: June 2017

We related social factors with the annual rate of emergency medical admissions using census small area statistics. All emergency medical admissions (70,543 episodes in 33,343 patients) within the catchment area of St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, were examined between 2002 and 2016. Deprivation Index, Single-Parent status, Educational level and Unemployment rates were regressed against admission rates. High deprivation areas had an approximately fourfold (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 4.0 (3.96, 4.12)) increase in annual admission rate incidence/1000 population from Quintile 1(Q1), from 9.2/1000 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 9.0, 9.4) to Q5 37.3 (37.0, 37.5)). Single-Parent families comprised 40.6% of households (95% CI: 32.4, 49.7); small areas with more Single Parents had a higher admission rate-IRR (Q1 vs. for Q5) of 2.92 (95% CI: 2.83, 3.01). The admission incidence rate was higher for Single-Parent status (IRR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.46, 1.52)) where the educational completion level was limited to primary level (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.45 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.47)). Small areas with higher educational quintiles predicted lower Admission Rates (IRR 0.85 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.86)). Social factors strongly predict the annual incidence rate of emergency medical admissions.
Effects of Strand Lay Direction and Crossing Angle on Tribological Behavior of Winding Hoist Rope
Authors: Chang Xiang-dong , Peng Yu-xing , Zhu Zhen-cai , Gong Xian-sheng , Yu Zhang-fa , Mi Zhen-tao , Xu Chun-ming
Published: June 2017

Friction and wear behavior exists between hoisting ropes that are wound around the drums of a multi-layer winding hoist. It decreases the service life of ropes and threatens mine safety. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted using a self-made test rig to study the effects of the strand lay direction and crossing angle on the winding rope’s tribological behavior. Results show that the friction coefficient in the steady-state period shows a decreasing tendency with an increase of the crossing angle in both cross directions, but the variation range is different under different cross directions. Using thermal imaging, the high temperature regions always distribute along the strand lay direction in the gap between adjacent strands, as the cross direction is the same with the strand lay direction (right cross contact). Additionally, the temperature rise in the steady-state increases with the increase of the crossing angle in both cross directions. The differences of the wear scar morphology are obvious under different cross directions, especially for the large crossing angle tests. In the case of right cross, the variation range of wear mass loss is larger than that in left cross. The damage that forms on the wear surface is mainly ploughing, pits, plastic deformation, and fatigue fracture. The major wear mechanisms are adhesive wear, and abrasive and fatigue wear.
Stability of an Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Based Alloy Coating in Oil and Gas Wells with the Coexistence of H2S and CO2
Authors: Sui Yiyong , Sun Chong , Sun Jianbo , Pu Baolin , Ren Wei , Zhao Weimin
Published: June 2017

The stability of an electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-based alloy coating in a H2S/CO2 environment was investigated by electrochemical measurements, weight loss method, and surface characterization. The results showed that both the cathodic and anodic processes of the Ni-based alloy coating were simultaneously suppressed, displaying a dramatic decrease of the corrosion current density. The corrosion of the Ni-based alloy coating was controlled by H2S corrosion and showed general corrosion morphology under the test temperatures. The corrosion products, mainly consisting of Ni3S2, NiS, or Ni3S4, had excellent stability in acid solution. The corrosion rate decreased with the rise of temperature, while the adhesive force of the corrosion scale increased. With the rise of temperature, the deposited morphology and composition of corrosion products changed, the NiS content in the corrosion scale increased, and the stability and adhesive strength of the corrosion scale improved. The corrosion scale of the Ni-based alloy coating was stable, compact, had strong adhesion, and caused low weight loss, so the corrosion rates calculated by the weight loss method cannot reveal the actual oxidation rate of the coating. As the corrosion time was prolonged, the Ni-based coating was thinned while the corrosion scale thickened. The corrosion scale was closely combined with the coating, but cannot fully prevent the corrosive reactants from reaching the substrate.