bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Groundwater Chemistry and Hydrochemical Facies of Part of Minna, North Central, Nigeria.
Authors: Shuaibu, A.M.  , Ovwasa, M.O.
Published: December 2022

Hydrochemical patterns has been mapped and correlated with groundwater flow systems to varying degrees using hydrochemical facies. Reliable broad relationship between chemical composition and the flow distribution of groundwater were established in the process. This study examines the water quality and groundwater flow patterns present in the crystalline basement aquifer of Part of Minna in North Central Nigeria for environmental purpose. Sixteen water samples were collected from wells and analyzed for various parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (Ec), K+, Na+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HCO3- and SO4- using standard procedures of water analysis. The analytical results present the abundance of both physical and chemical parameters in the following order: pH (5.8 – 7.6), Ec (116.7 - 1562µs/m), TDS (128.6 – 1046.5 mg/l), Na+ (25.3 – 144.8 mg/l), K+ (1.1 – 39.5 mg/l), Mg+2 (5.6 – 30.7 mg/l), Cl- (20.4 – 276.5 mg/l), HCO3- (10.0 – 21.0 mg/l), SO4- (8.0 – 180 mg/l). Piper trilinear for the study area shows that there is a mixture of two types of water with variable concentrations of major ions. These are Na+ , K– ,Cl– , SO4+2 water type and Ca+ , Mg+2 ,  Cl –, SO4 +2, water types. This means that groundwater in the area is mainly made up of mixtures of the alkaline and alkaline earth metals and predominantly Cl- - SO4+2 water type. Comparison made from the geochemical maps indicate that high total dissolve solids occur at the discharge area and relatively the groundwater at various discharge point is older in age and has high residence time to that of recharge area. Hydrochemical data analysis revealed four sources of solutes. The processes responsible for their enrichment include: chemical weathering, leaching of the overlying sediments, domestic activities, climatic condition and the flow pattern of the aquifer. These factors have contributed to the changes of the groundwater chemistry. From the static well level measurement plot, it was revealed that the dominant trend for the groundwater movement is in the N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW directions which shows that the groundwater of the area is structurally controlled.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soils from Mechanic Workshops Within Gusau Town
Authors: Alaekwe, I. O.  , Ani, N.C.  , Ezeogu, V.O.
Published: December 2022

Heavy metal pollution is a problem inherent in industrial areas. However, automobiles and activities associated with automobiles are now considered to be among the largest sources of heavy metals with the soil serving as a sink for these metals. It is against this backdrop that the study “Heavy metals accumulation in soils from mechanic workshops within Gusau town” is centred. The concentration of heavy metals; lead, cadmium, nickel, copper, chromium and zinc were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations ranges from 0.039-0.046ppm for Ni, 0.360-0.397 ppm for Pb, 0.089-0.147 ppm for Cu, 0.018-0.061ppm for Cr and 2.855-3.509ppm for Zn. The result was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed the presence of heavy metals in most of the workshops. Their concentrations however, are within the WHO permissible limit.
Petrography and Geochemistry of Bada’u and its Environ, Katsina State Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Shuaibu, A.M.  , Ovwasa, M.O.
Published: December 2022

The systematic studies of petrography and geochemistry of Bada’u revealed that the area are underlain by crystalline rocks of the Basement Complex, which is categorized as the low grade schist belt. The mapped area is situated within Malumfashi Local Government area of Katsina State, part of Malumfashi sheet 79 NW, which lies between latitudes 11051ʹ0.00˝N to 110 55ʹ00˝N and longitude of 70 32ʹ0.00˝E to 7035ʹ0.00˝E. The rock units were mapped in the sub-area on a scale of 1:25,000, covering an area of about 40km2. The major lithological units mapped in the study area comprises basically of mica schist intercalated with quartzites, porphyritic granites, and minor lithology which includes granite-gneiss, gneiss. The study area shows the evidence of post and syn-Tectonic (Primary and Secondary) structures such as joints, fracture, zenolith, and quartz veins. The dominant joint trend and Quartz veins of the study area are N-S   E-W directions respectively which follows the general trend of structures resulting from Pan-African Orogeny.  Seven rock samples were collected for both petrography and geochemical studies (2 samples of granites, two samples of gneiss and three samples of mica schist). The major minerals observed under plane polarized and cross polarized light microscope of the granite-gneiss, mica schist and granites are Quartz, feldspar (orthoclase), and micaceous minerals (Biotite and Muscovite) respectively. The geochemical result shows that the rock units within the study area have high percentage of SiO2 and Al2O3 concentration in wt%. This suggest that the rocks within the study were formed from a silica rich source. The granite within the area are peraluminous and shows calc-alkaline characteristics, and occur in syn collision environment as revealed under various geochemical classification plots. The gneiss in the area also have high percentage of SiO2 and Al2O3, suggesting a calc-alkaline affinity. The lesser amount of Na2O against K2O reflect an abundance of K-feldspars rock forming silicate. The mica schist also has high percentage of SiO2 and Al2O3, the high aluminium enrichment in mica shcist reflects the control of their composition by aluminum clay minerals, the mica schist specifically has high Barium contents which indicate K – feldspar rich source rock. The chemical concentration of Rb is similar to their derivation from shales or metapelites, which is a reflection of their origin.
International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability (IJSGS): A Bibliometric Analysis: 2015-2019
Authors: Gadanga, A. T.  , Chukwuji, C. N.
Published: December 2022

Bibliometric analysis method was used in this study. Observation and physical counting method was adopted to examine the bibliographic characteristics and development of the assembled issues/volumes which were available in the Federal University Gusau (FUGUS) library and confirmed by the past and present Editors-in-Chief of the Journal. The study covered 8 volumes of the IJSGS from the period 2015 to 2019. The bibliometric characteristics examined in this study are (i) Number of issues published per year, (ii) Distribution of articles published per volume, (iii) Authorship pattern (single & multiple), (iv) Authorship affiliation (Universities, Research/special organizations-NAFDAC, Private, MDAs etc, Polytechnics, and Colleges), (v) FUGUS authorship; (vi) Most cited source of information which for convenience sake were divided into six, namely; books (including chapter contributions), journals, proceedings (conferences, workshops, seminars, symposiums and technical/scientific reports), Thesis/Dissertations/Projects, (Internet resources and Others (Bulletin, Newsletter, Guides, newspapers, magazines, maps/atlases, unidentifiable sources etc). (vii) Most cited journal title and ranking of the journal titles. A benchmark of 5 reference listing was set to select a Journal title as most cited/referenced/listed. Findings include the journal’s inconsistency in the number of issues published per year from 2015-2019; FUGUS staff authorship pattern shows that the department of Chemistry contributed more papers to the journal than other departments. It was also revealed that African Journal of Biotechnology was the most cited journal title and as such ranked first. The study recommended that urgent efforts should be made to make the journal more visible by hosting it on the FUGUS website as well getting it indexed.
Heat Absorption Effect on Free Convection Flow Past a Vertical Porous Pipe with Mass Transfer
Authors: Altine, M.M.  , Omokhuale, E.  , Onwubuya, I. O.  , Disu, A.B.
Published: December 2022

This study investigates heat absorption on free convection flow past a vertical porous pipe with mass transfer. The governing equations are the continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations. The equations in dimensionless form were transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved analytically using perturbation method. Approximate solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration were determined. Results are presented graphically showing the effects of various parameters on the fluid flow. It is observed that the velocity becomes higher when thermal Grashof number and sustentions paramètre are increased. Also, increase in magnetic parameter, Schmidt number and Prandtl number lead to fall in the velocity of the fluid. The temperature of the fluid rises also with increase in heat generation but reduces for increased values of Prandtl number. Consequently, the concentration boundary layer decreases with increasing values of Schmidt number. Furthermore, increase in suction/injection has a retarding and accelerating effect on the velocity, temperature and concentration of the fluid respectively.
Magnetohydrodynamic Casson Fluid Flow Past a Vertical Plate in the Presence of Thermal Conductivity and Chemical Absorption
Authors: Omokhuale, E.  , Jabaka, M. L.
Published: December 2022

The present study examines effects of thermal conductivity and chemical absorption on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convective boundary layer, flow of Casson fluid in a vertical plate. The governing flow equations are converted into dimensionless form using suitable non-dimensional parameters and variables and then numerically solved by explicit finite difference method (EFDM). Computations were performed to analyse the effect of thermo physical parameters of engineering interests associated with the flow quantities viz. velocity, temperature, concentration field and presented through graphs. It was found that chemical absorption parameter when increased has the tendency to enhance the fluid velocity as an opposite result is seen with higher values of Casson parameter. Comparison of present results with the previous literature was carried out to show the accuracy of the results.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels: A Review
Authors: Nasir, A.G.  , Jafar, U.  , Musa, M. A.
Published: December 2022

The realization that fossil fuels are fast depleting has accelerated the search for an alternative energy source that is renewable, economical, and environmentally friendly. The situation has been exacerbated by global warming which has brought it home to all that there is a need to conserve energy and reduce collectively man’s global carbon footprint. The instability in the regions from which the fossil fuels are sourced is another caused for concern, also higher oil price threatens the independence and security of nation states all this are unacceptable, hence there is need to search for more stable alternative sources of energy which is CO2 neutral fuels from biomass, Biomass is a renewable; CO2- neutral source of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass a biomass from grass, wood, and other non-food components is being considered by biofuel industries as a good agent for biofuel production, several methods are being used for this conversion, Hydrothermal liquefaction found to be the most suitable for this process, this is because the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction are insoluble in water, more deoxygenated, and have higher energy densities which are beneficial to their uses as the liquid fuels. The bio-crude produced by the hydrothermal liquefaction has also shown high stability in accelerated aging tests. This article reviews on the liquid biofuel produce from the hydrothermal liquefaction process of lignocellulosic material, including the material sources and composition and the mechanism of the process.
Biochemical Analysis of zingiber officinale rosc (ginger rhizome) and Physicochemical Evaluation of its Oil
Authors: Alaekwe, I.O.  , Bashir, B.
Published: December 2022

Biochemical and physicochemical analysis of ginger rhizome and its oil were respectively carried out to ascertain its health benefits. The mineral composition of the oil was determined using XRF. The active constituent in the oil was determined using GC-MS spectrophotometer, SHIMADZU GCMS-QP 2010 plus model. The metabolites present in the rhizome are alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, and steroids. Characterization of the oil showed 194.58mg/g, 123.35mg/g, 286.58mg/g, and 56.67meq/kg of acid, iodine, saponification and peroxide values respectively. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed the presence of Phosphorous, Silicon, Sulphur, Chloride, Calcium, Tita
Effect of Hesperetin on the Antidepressant Activity of Electroconvulsive Therapy in an Enforced Reserpine Model of Depression in Male Rats
Authors: Alizadeh Makvandi Acieh , Khalili Mohsen , Roghani Mehrdad
Published: December 2022

Background: Depression is a common and debilitating disorder of the brain. Many pharmacological therapies, including many plant components (such as flavonoids), are used to treat depression. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a useful method for depressed patients who do not respond to medication. However, this method has some side effects. Hence, investigators have tried to improve ECT’s positive points by diminishing its side effects. Objectives: We investigated the effect of hesperetin (a flavonoid component) on the antidepressant activity of ECT in an enforced reserpine model of depression in male rats. Methods: Eighty male rats (230 - 250 g) were randomly divided into control, ECT + reserpine (Res), Res + hesperetin (Hes; 10 or 20 mg/kg), Res + ECT, and Res + ECT + Hes (10 or 20 mg/kg) groups. The effects of hesperetin were evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), as well as by measurement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress biomarkers [ie, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)] in the prefrontal cortex area. Results: The outcomes of the behavioral experiments showed that Hes + ECT treatment could raise the percentage of open arm entrance in EPMT, anhedonia in SPT, and decrease immobilization time in FST compared to the groups treated with ECT (P < 0.05) or hesperetin alone. Our biochemical research also illustrated a significant reduction in MDA in the groups treated with ECT + Hes (10 or 20 mg/kg; P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) and ECT or hesperetin, as well as a significant increase in GSH, SOD, and BDNF in the ECT + Hes (20 mg/kg) animal group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In depressed rats, the ECT linked to the application of hesperetin could significantly elevate BDNF, GSH, and SOD reduction in depressed male rats.
High Prevalence of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples in Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Mokhtari Maryam , Mojtahedi Ali , Mahdieh Nejat , Jafari Alireza , Arya Mohammad Javad
Published: December 2022

Background: Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, treating infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae has become more challenging. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM producing carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Shahid Rajaei hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Various clinical samples were collected from 1,186 patients admitted with open heart surgery in two wards (ICU and surgery) in Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified by standard microbiologic tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates were determined by disk diffusion and E-test methods. A modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was performed to detect the presence of carbapenemase. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by primers targeting blaOXA-48, blaSPM, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM genes. Results: A total of 131 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were isolated and 45.8% (60/131) of them were resistant to carbapenem. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed the highest resistance rate (100%) to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefazolin, and cefepime and the maximum sensitivity to tigecycline (96.7%). The carbapenemase-encoding blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 genes were detected in 96.7% and 66.7% of isolates, respectively. Eight different clusters of the isolates, considering a ≥ 80% homology cut-off, were shown with the same rep-PCR pattern. Clusters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H included 20, 11, 7, 6, 6, 3, 2, and 2 members, respectively. Conclusions: The RAPD-PCR method reveals the clonal relationship between isolates and may help improve infection control procedures.
Evaluation of Fertility Success Rate with Simultaneous Transfer of Embryos with Different Qualities in IVF/ICSI Candidates
Authors: Janati Sima , Behmanesh Mohammad Amin , Madani Sarah , Poormoosavi Seyedeh Mahsa
Published: December 2022

Background: One of the most important factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques is the quality of the embryo generated in the laboratory. Whether to transfer only one high-quality embryo or a combination of high- and low-quality embryos is a dilemma. Objectives: The present study reviewed the embryo transfer records of IVF/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients in Dezful Infertility Center, Iran, to evaluate the impact of the simultaneous transfer of a low-quality embryo on the growth and implantation of a high-quality embryo and live birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the files and records of 802 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI at Dezful Infertility Treatment Center from 2013 to September 2020. The patients were classified into group 1: Patients with the transfer of only one grade A (equal blastomeres without fragmentation) embryo, group 2: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and B (equal blastomeres with slight fragmentation) embryos, group 3: Patients with the transfer of two grade A and C (unequal blastomeres with or without fragmentation) embryos, and group 4: Patients with the transfer of two grade C and B embryos. Results: The mean age of women and men was 32.52 ± 5.10 and 37.59 ± 6.60 years, respectively. Age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, endometrial diameter, estradiol level, oocyte number, and embryo number had no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Also, the findings indicated no significant differences between the groups in terms of implantation rate, live birth rate, fertility rate, multiple pregnancies rate, and chemical and clinical abortions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that the simultaneous transfer of embryos with different qualities does not affect the success rate and fertility outcomes in IVF/ICSI candidates.
Markovian Model-Based Safety Analysis in Perception Systems Inside Self-Driving Cars
Authors:   h Óbuda University, Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Bautista César
Published: December 2022

At present, the development of self-driving car systems has been increasing. The need for man to control all possible scenarios has led to the inclusion of theories such as human perception. This means identifying how the human brain recognizes its environment and translating it into data that a machine can learn and make decisions. For this, great doubts have been generated concerning safety; in the present work, the Markovian model is implemented as a stochastic method in a constantly changing system. The model shows possible forms, future states' transitions rate of changes, and probabilities without depending on past states. Markovian models can also recognize patterns, make predictions, and learn sequential statistics.
YENİ KAMU MALİ YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ VE DENETİMİN DEĞİŞEN ROLÜ ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜRKİYE’DE PERFORMANS DENETİMİNİN UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Halil İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, yeni kamu mali yönetim sistemi ve denetimin değişen rolü çerçevesinde performans denetiminin Türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği müktesebatına uyum çerçevesinde 5018 Sayılı Kanun 2003 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Söz konusu kanun ile kamu denetim sistemine Teftiş Kurulları ve Sayıştay dışında İç Denetim de dahil edilmiştir. Güney Modeli kamu yönetim yapısına sahip Türkiye’de Kuzey Modeli örnek alınmıştır. Daha çok kuzey ülkelerinde yaygınlaşan performans denetiminin de ülkemizde uygulanabilirliği, kamu mali yönetim sistemindeki değişim ile birlikte ele alınmıştır.

Çalışmada, yeni kamu mali yönetimine geçişin nedenleri, yeni kamu mali yönetiminin getirdiği yenilikler ele alındıktan sonra performans denetiminin öne çıkmasının nedenleri araştırılmış, Kuzey ve Güney Modeli ile Türkiye uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde kamu kesiminde çalışan, ağırlıklı olarak performans denetimi yapmış veya eğitimini almış Sayıştay Denetçileri, İç Denetçiler ve Müfettişler ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler sonucunda araştırma verileri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada araştırma soruları temel alınarak bulgular oluşturulmuş ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Araştırma sonucuna göre; performans denetiminin uygulanabilir olduğu ve katma değerinin yüksek olduğu, yeterli düzeyde uygulanmadığından yaygınlaşması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda temel politika belgeleri ve kamu idarelerinin belgelerinin yeterli hale getirilmesi, bütçe sisteminde plan bütçe ilişkisinin yeterli düzeyde kurulması, performans denetimi ile ilgili yasal düzenleme ve rehberlerin yeterli hale getirilmesi, denetimi yapan birimlerin kapasitesinin arttırılması, denetim yapılan birimlerin performans denetimi yapmaya uygun hale getirilmesi, kamu idarelerinde performans yönetim sisteminin tam olarak hayata geçirilmesi, bilgi teknolojilerinden daha fazla yararlanılması ve sağlıklı verilerin oluşturulması, Güney Modeli kültürüne ve yapısına sahip olduğundan Kuzey Modeli uygulamaları alınırken, mevzuat düzenlemelerinin aynen aktarım şeklinde değil de Türkiye’nin yapısına uygun şekilde yapılması gibi öneriler getirilmiştir.
The Effect of Teaching and Learning on Girls’ Education at Primary School Level in Oyam District, Uganda
Authors: Okwanga Alem Robert , Mwesigwa David
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The significance of school environmental factors to girls’ education remains central because they have tremendous influence in the quality of teaching and learning of pupils as well as the extent of attention they pay to lessons when in classrooms. This suggests that schools that fail to provide a conducive atmosphere for teaching and learning may hardly achieve the best in their pupils especially in the area of academic performance. This scenario continues to be among the reasons for wider disparities in the performance of girls and boys in a number of Districts in Uganda. The main thrust of this research was to determine the effect of school environmental factors on girls’ education in Oyam District, Uganda.

Methodology: The study was guided by the cross-sectional survey study design using a mixed methods approach. Structured questionnaires were developed by the researchers and administered to 139 randomly-selected respondents. Means and standard deviations were used to analyse the variables while correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and the effect respectively.

Findings: The results revealed that only teaching and learning processes (p<0.01,) significantly predict girls’ education.  However jointly, teaching and learning processes, physical facilities, and instructional facilities explain approximately 21% variation in girls’ education in Oyam District (Adj. R2= 0.205). Teaching and learning processes in terms of adequacy of lesson preparation, adequate assessment, classroom capacity as well as instructional materials such as adequate learning aids and adequate science kits affect girls’ education in Oyam District.

Conclusion: The study concluded that physical facilities and instructional facilities have no significant effect on girls’ education while teaching and learning processes had significant effect on girls’ education in Oyam District.

Recommendation: It is encouraged that a conducive school environment becomes a central concern among key stakeholders for effective teaching and learning coupled with regular monitoring of teaching and learning processes if girls’ education is to be enhanced in Oyam District.
Inner Dynamics of Syntax in Mohsin Hamid's 'Of Windows and Doors' and 'A Beheading
Authors: Rafat Misbah
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to focus on different role of adjuncts and complement phrases by examining the fixed position of some adverbial words in a clause. It also highlighted the importance of adverbial and prepositional phrases in determining the Character's perception, attributes, and worldly aspects.

Methodology:  The present research is a mixed-method approach in nature where close reading and document analysis of Mohsin Hamid's short stories 'Of windows and doors' and 'A beheading' is done along with the coding of the PP phrases and adverbial words. The results are drawn by separately analyzing the obligatory and optional adjuncts in the clause by examining the sentence structure in the presence or absence of the PP.

Findings: Adverbial placement rules are applied to the clauses of the stories which proved that changes in few adverbial words can render the sentence ungrammatical. The findings showed that 63% PP Adjuncts and 36% PP Complements in 'Of windows and doors' states that optional information is added more frequently to describe the world affairs and character's perception. While 47% PP adjuncts and 52% PP-complements in 'A beheading' demonstrate that writer has focused more on the obligatory information.

Conclusion: Adverbial words of different categories are used for proving the stance that few adverbs have a fixed position in universal grammar.

Recommendation: Future researches can be conducted to identify the rules which govern adverb placement and categorize the functions and differences of prepositional phrases as an adjunct and complementizer in two different languages.
Short-Term HMB Supplementation Reduces Muscle Damage After a Bout of Resistance Training in non-Athletic Girls
Authors: Mohammed Saiwan Sirwan , Sayfaddin Dara Latif , Rahim Hiwa Ahmed , Kareem Dashni Anwer , Ali Makwan Jabar , Omar Salah Mahmood , Abdulla Hassan Hashim , Ali Renas Abdullah , Mohammed Harem Abdalqadir , Rashid Berivan Jalal
Published: December 2022

Background: Starting or continuing physical activity, especially for non-athletes, can be a challenge due to muscle injuries caused by physical activity. Aims of study: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle and liver damage caused by a period of resistance activity in non-athletic girls.Methods: Among the volunteers, 16 female non-athletes with an average age of 21.75±1.18 years, a body mass index of 24.83±2.67 kg/m2, and a weight of 63.43±8.46 kg were randomly selected as a statistical sample. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of eight people, HMB supplement and placebo. Daily and for six days, the subjects of the supplement group received 3 mg of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate powder, and the placebo group received 3 grams of starch in tablet form. After six days of loading, the subjects performed a resistance activity session with an intensity of 75-80% 1RM. Blood samples were taken in five stages, including before supplementation, before training, immediately, 1 hour, and 24 hours after sports activity. To compare the results, a 5x2 analysis of variance test was used.Result: The results showed that the consumption of HMB supplements significantly affected the serum levels of Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes in the blood and the amount of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (Wilson et al.) enzyme activity in the blood of intragroup interactions (p0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the serum levels of CK enzyme and the activity of ALT and AST enzymes between the two supplement and placebo groups (p0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of LDH enzyme between the two supplement and placebo groups (P0.05).Conclusion: Although the results of the present study showed that consuming 3 grams of HMB supplement reduces the LDH response after resistance training, this supplement cannot be used as an independent factor for reducing muscle damage markers following intense physical activities
The Needs of Developing English Teacher’s Professional Competence In the 21st Century
Authors: Farouk Imam Arrasyid  , Istiqomah
Published: December 2022

The teacher's professional competence in the 21st century is required a great deal of knowledge, master the material critically, adapt to any changes in curriculum, master the technology, and solve problems encountered during the teaching process. Many researchers have already analyzed English teacher's needs toward professional competence in the 21st century. Here, there are presently several needs to develop an English teacher's professional competence into successful teaching and adjust the 21st century in more detail. This research strives to find the needs of developing English teacher's professional competence in the 21st century. The researcher employs a qualitative approach. The data were obtained through an interview with five professional English teachers’ competence. Then, the data were analyzed, interpreted, and presented using a narrative form. The result of interview analysis revealed that English teachers at Junior High School have indicated eighteen needs of developing professional competence in the 21st century, it required for the successful in teaching and learning. So, it can conclude that these needs greatly develop the professional quality of English teacher’s competence in teaching and carrying out the profession as English teachers
The Effect of Use of Geogebra Media on Student Learning Result in Trigonometry Function Material in Class X Senior High School 8 Cirebon
Authors: Syafadol Zikri  , Darwan Darwan , Sirojudin Wahid
Published: December 2022

One of the causes of the unattractiveness of learning mathematics for high school is the complexity factor of learning media that is in harmony with complex material. Therefore, learning media need a form of presentation that is simple but attractive. Efforts to increase student interest, which require media to support learning mathematics. One of them is by using Geogebra learning media. This study aims to determine the influence of the use of learning media based on the Geogebra application on student learning outcomes at Senior High School 8 Cirebon. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design, which is a research method that has a control group, but cannot function fully to control external variables that affect the implementation of the experiment. The results of the study obtained the value of F-count > Ftable or 26,358 > 4,13. And the correlation (r) = 0.661 then it is included in the medium category. The coefficient of determination (r2) = 0.437 or 43.7%, then the learning media has an effect on student learning outcomes on the subject of trigonometric functions. Based on the results of the Independent T-test analysis, the t-count value of 11,037 using a significance level of 5% obtained t-table of 1,994. The t-table value is obtained from the excel program by means of =tinv(0.05;69.) then enter. Because the value of t-count > t-table (11.037 > 1.994) then Ho is rejected. This means that Geogebra learning media can improve student learning outcomes
Self- Access Materials Needed for Autonomous Learning in the 21st Century at Senior High School
Authors: Diah Nur Afdillah  , Farouk Imam Arrasyid
Published: December 2022

The existence of the covid- 19 pandemic can indeed be a polemic in all sectors, particularly in education sector. Besides the covid- 19 pandemic, the rapid progress of the 21st encourages students to become independent learners who can pursue their own studying. Self- access materials play a crucial role in the successful execution of autonomous learning goals in promoting the ability and passion of students for autonomous learning. Therefore, this research aims to find out self- access materials needed for autonomous learning in the 21st century and investigate how to implement the self- access materials for autonomous learning in the 21st century. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using interview to collect the data. The respondents of this research are 6 students of XI Grade and 1 English teacher. The result shows there are 6 strategies of autonomous learning which consist of 17 autonomous learning activities. From the 17 autonomous learning activities, there are 13 autonomous learning strategies that found in this research with 1 activities founded regarding to the interviewees responses. The self- access materials needed by students are didactic books, motivational videos, dictionary applications, YouTube, vocabulary books, registers, authentic materials, English textbooks according to curriculum, webtoons, novels, feedback worksheet, TOEFL CD-Room, educational software (British Council, BBC Learning English and social media, articles, Ome TV application and others. There are 7 steps to implement the self- access materials. Thus, to support the English learning, this research greatly beneficial for students, teachers and material developers
Analyzing Students’ Needs for Better Information Literacy In The 21st Century
Authors: Noerjanah Siti Luruh Ayu , Sadiah Maulidah
Published: December 2022

Mastery of information literacy skills has been proven to be important in the era of globalization. Hence the information literacy training is an activity that should be followed by every student. Information literacy skills are also a provision of lifelong learning. The researcher demonstrates the requirements of information literacy in the 21st century. This purpose is to analyze the information literacy in 21st century that the English students should have. This research used a qualitative approach. In addition, this research used a critical literature review as a method for undertaking the data. The researcher presents the information literacy needs in the 21st century. Several criteria were generated to help the researcher to find out the relevant literature and research of information literacy. After conducting the critical literature review of generating the requirements of information literacy in the 21st century, the findings of the research are there are two dimensions (skills and competencies) that should be considered
Citizenship Education in The Character Building of The Nation
Authors: Yuniarto Bambang , Rivo Panji Yudha
Published: December 2022

The reason for this examination is to discover the job of urban instruction in molding the individual person. Up to this point, our learning has been verbal, and is just arranged towards dominating the substance of urban training subjects. Perception of every day learning practice shows that the focal point of learning is to allow understudies to dominate the data contained in the subject, and afterward evaluate the level of authority of the understudies. Maybe the motivation behind learning is to dominate the substance of the subject. The pertinence of instructing materials to day to day existence and how to utilize these training materials to tackle issues in life have gotten less consideration. The improvement of the curriculum that is currently being developed, especially Character Education which is processed by experts, can of course be accompanied by the active role of the government. This of course must bring up solution ideas from various parties in order to answer the development of global currents. It is common to see that at this time we are experiencing a decline in our identity as well as the concept of morals and mentality of an original nation's ideology. In reality, there are many kinds of shows of acts of violence, uncharacteristic behavior by the media which are ravaged by unrestrained freedom. This is very striking what is currently happening in our beloved nation. Character education is appropriate to restore the personality values of every citizen, but it must be appreciated by all parties even though the results will be achieved after one generation
Comparative Analysis of Question Item Parameters and Students' Ability between Dichotomy and Polytomic Score Versions; Research on Mathematics National Exam Test Participants
Authors: Akbar Reza Oktiana
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the estimation of item parameters and students' abilities between the dichotomous scoring version and the polytomy scoring version. The data used in this study is the response of participants in a particular year national mathematics exam test which is presented in two versions of the scoring form, namely dichotomy and polytomy. In the dichotomous scoring version, each item is scored individually. Alternatively, each item that is scored separately on the dichotomous version, is aggregated into the same indicator, and then summed to obtain the polytomy version. Estimation of item parameters and students' abilities in the dichotomous scoring version was carried out using the 3 PL (Logistics Parameter) model using MLE estimation and the polytomy scoring version using the GPCM (Generalized Partial Credit Model) using EAP. Both were analyzed using PARSCALE software. Comparative analysis of the two scoring versions by looking at the average results of the estimated difficulty level, graph analysis, calculating correlations, and the results of the value of the information function. The results of the analysis show that the average difficulty level of the dichotomous version is 0.166, with a standard deviation of 1.137, while the average difficulty level of the polytomy version is 0.033, with a standard deviation of 0.940. The value of the dichotomous scoring version of the information function is higher than the polytomy scoring version. These results indicate that the math exam test with the dichotomous scoring version is better than the polytomy scoring version. graph analysis, calculate correlations, and result in value information functions. The results of the analysis show that the average difficulty level of the dichotomous version is 0.166, with a standard deviation of 1.137, while the average difficulty level of the polytomy version is 0.033, with a standard deviation of 0.940. The value of the dichotomous scoring version of the information function is higher than the polytomy scoring version
Application of "Hidden Curriculum" through Utilization of the School Environment on the Concept of Environmental Pollution to Improve Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Inayah Iin , Juanda Anda , Yunita Yunita
Published: December 2022

The curriculum is a complex process consisting of various activities that can access a need and identify a learning outcome. Hidden curriculum has not received more attention, both from the principal, teachers and students. This without us knowing the hidden curriculum has an influence on the process to improve student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study 1) Describe the application of 'hidden curriculum' in the concept of environmental pollution in class X of SMAN 1 Ciwaringin. 2) Describe the differences in the improvement of student learning outcomes implemented by the hidden curriculum through the use of the school environment with those not implemented through the use of the school environment on the concept of environmental pollution in class X 3. school on the concept of environmental pollution in class X. The method used is quantitative methods, from observation, tests and questionnaires. The population of the study was all students from class X. Sampling using simple random sampling, namely X MIPA 2 experimental class amounted to 30 students and X MIPA 3 control classes amounted to 30 students. Recapitulation of the percentage of observation of student activities on average by 84% in the category of "Very High", the application of the "hidden curriculum" very well. The results of the N-Gain N-Gain significance value of 0,000 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Based on the data it can be concluded that there are differences in the increase in significant student learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. Students give a positive response an average value of 82.5% with the criteria "very strong". It is concluded that there is influence on the application of the "hidden curriculum" on the concept of environmental pollution
The effectiveness of household waste management based on the waste alms concept by elementary school students
Authors: Aliet Noorhayati Sutisno  , Noor Novianawati  , Dewiantika Azizah
Published: December 2022

This study aims to find out effectiveness of household waste management based on the concept of waste alms carried out by students and parents of elementary school students in collaboration with the school. This study is quantitative descriptive research that was conducted on 100 students in one of Cirebon sub-district elementary schools. In this research, students donate domestic waste every week. The Purpose of this study was to provide students with an understanding of the importance of protecting the environment trough reducing household waste. The observation sheet was used as the research instrument of this study. The results showed that the concept of waste alms in household waste management which is integrated with elementary school education units can reduce 2.17% of the volume of waste growth
Development of handout teaching materials with a contextual approach to improve students' mathematical understanding
Authors: Ifat Sarifayani  , Arif Abdul Haqq
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine which handout teaching materials with a contextual approach are suitable for use in learning mathematics, and to find out that handout teaching materials with a contextual approach are able to improve students' mathematical understanding. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The data collected in the form of observation sheets, interviews, questionnaires, and tests of students' mathematical understanding. The handout validation was validated by experts, namely material, language, and media experts, covering aspects of content, presentation, language, and graphics. In the validation results, material experts get a score of 3.44 which states "very valid", the linguist gets a score of 3.69 which states "very valid", and media experts get a score of 3.21 which states "valid". so that the overall average score gets a value of 3.45 which states "very valid". While the student and teacher responses get an average score of 3.25 which states "very practical", and on the effectiveness of the handout teaching materials obtained from the final test results students get a percentage of 71.8% which states "effective". Then on the results of the students' understanding test, they got an n-gain value of 0.6 which stated "medium", that the understanding obtained by students did not decrease or increase so it was relatively moderate
The Student’s Reading Problems In Private School In Pematangsiantar
Authors: Panjaitan Limsardo , Nengsih P W Siahaan  , Veronica A Tampubolon  , Novyta Sipayung  , Selviana Napitupulu
Published: December 2022

The aims of writing this paper is to explain the problems of students in reading and find the factors that influence high school students in reading English well. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe in detail the students' difficulties in reading comprehension. To find out the results of the analysis that has been carried out and to describe the difficulties of students, the instruments that the researchers used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The difficulties faced by students in reading are the number of difficult words, it is difficult to understand long words and sentences, they do not understand the main idea, they do not understand grammar, and it is difficult to conclude
Examining the Use of Discord Applications in Improving Science Learning Outcomes of Grade 7 Students
Authors: Zannah Nur Asrilah Maysi , Zakiyyah  , Fatnah Nurwanti
Published: December 2022

During a pandemic like this, they were growing new regulations for conducting online learning, causing further problems in decreasing student learning outcomes in changing learning systems. This study aims to determine the factors that influence student learning interest in online learning with the Discord application, how the use of the Discord application is used in science learning and the effect of the Discord application on student learning outcomes in science learning. This research is a quantitative quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The number of samples was 64 students from classes 7A and 7B, SMP Negeri 1 Depok, Depok District, Cirebon Regency. Data were obtained through pretest, posttest, questionnaire, interview, and documentation study. The results showed that the attractiveness of the Discord application as an online learning medium could influence students' interest in learning. The connectivity between teachers and students was more effective and efficient in online learning using the Discord application. The opportunity for students to play an active role during the learning process is incredible. The encouragement of motivation through the attitude of the teacher in learning. The influence of online learning media in the form of the Discord application on student learning outcomes in science subjects.
Factor Related to Satisfaction with Online Learning during COVID-19 Outbreak among Public Health Students, Thailand
Authors: Maleelai Kaewjai , Pakin Chaichuay
Published: December 2022

During the outbreak, all educational institutions turned to online learning to reduce the risk of infection and prevent the spread of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study design aimed to study factors related to satisfaction with online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak among Public Health students. A total of 163 students of Bachelor of Public Health students from the Sirindhorn College of Public Health in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand, were included in our study. We gathered data from May to June 2021. An online survey for the COVID-19 outbreak was used to gather data. We calculated descriptive statistics; frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. We analysed the data using descriptive statistics and computed the independent t-test to understand the relationship between variables. We found that majority of the participants were female (82.8%). Participants studied either a Community Public Health program (54.0%) or a Dental Public Health program (46.0%). Most participants used computer notebooks (79.8%) for online study. Google Classroom was the most frequently used online learning platform (98.2%). Overall, online learning was found moderately satisfying (mean=3.300, S.D.=0.920). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean satisfaction scores compared to gender and two major programs. When comparing satisfaction with online learning between gender and two major programs, we found that there were statistically significant differences in online learning methods, contents of the curriculum, supporting factors, an evaluation, and the instructor. Additional supporting factors were no statistically significant differences between the two major programs