bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term midlatitude mesopause region temperature trend deduced from quarter century (1990–2014) Na lidar observations
Authors: She C.-Y. , Krueger D. A. , Yuan T.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The long-term midlatitude temperature trend between 85 and 105 km is deduced from 25 years (March 1990–December 2014) of Na Lidar observations. With a strong warming episode in the 1990s, the time series was least-square fitted to an 11-parameter nonlinear function. This yields a cooling trend starting from an insignificant value of 0.64 ± 0.99 K decade−1 at 85 km, increasing to a maximum of 2.8 ± 0.58 K decade−1 between 91 and 93 km, and then decreasing to a warming trend above 103 km. The geographic altitude dependence of the trend is in general agreement with model predictions. To shed light on the nature of the warming episode, we show that the recently reported prolonged global surface temperature cooling after the Mt Pinatubo eruption can also be very well represented by the same response function.
A probabilistic risk assessment for the vulnerability of the European carbon cycle to weather extremes: the ecosystem perspective
Authors: Rolinski S. , Rammig A. , Walz A. , von Bloh W. , van Oijen M. , Thonicke K.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Extreme weather events are likely to occur more often under climate change and the resulting effects on ecosystems could lead to a further acceleration of climate change. But not all extreme weather events lead to extreme ecosystem response. Here, we focus on hazardous ecosystem behaviour and identify coinciding weather conditions. We use a simple probabilistic risk assessment based on time series of ecosystem behaviour and climate conditions. Given the risk assessment terminology, vulnerability and risk for the previously defined hazard are estimated on the basis of observed hazardous ecosystem behaviour. We apply this approach to extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystems to drought, defining the hazard as a negative net biome productivity over a 12-month period. We show an application for two selected sites using data for 1981–2010 and then apply the method to the pan-European scale for the same period, based on numerical modelling results (LPJmL for ecosystem behaviour; ERA-Interim data for climate). Our site-specific results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, using the SPEI to describe the climate condition. The site in Spain provides an example of vulnerability to drought because the expected value of the SPEI is 0.4 lower for hazardous than for non-hazardous ecosystem behaviour. In northern Germany, on the contrary, the site is not vulnerable to drought because the SPEI expectation values imply wetter conditions in the hazard case than in the non-hazard case. At the pan-European scale, ecosystem vulnerability to drought is calculated in the Mediterranean and temperate region, whereas Scandinavian ecosystems are vulnerable under conditions without water shortages. These first model-based applications indicate the conceptual advantages of the proposed method by focusing on the identification of critical weather conditions for which we observe hazardous ecosystem behaviour in the analysed data set. Application of the method to empirical time series and to future climate would be important next steps to test the approach.
Large differences in land use emission quantifications implied by definition discrepancies
Authors: Stocker B. D. , Joos F.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The quantification of CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use and land use change (eLUC) is essential to understand the drivers of the atmospheric CO2 increase and to inform climate change mitigation policy. Reported values in synthesis reports are commonly derived from different approaches (observation-driven bookkeeping and process-modelling) but recent work has emphasized that inconsistencies between methods may imply substantial differences in eLUC estimates. However, a consistent quantification is lacking and no concise modelling protocol for the separation of primary and secondary components of eLUC has been established. Here, we review the conceptual differences of eLUC quantification methods and apply an Earth System Model to demonstrate that what is claimed to represent total eLUC differs by up to ~20% when quantified from ESM vs. offline vegetation models. Under a future business-as-usual scenario, differences tend to increase further due to slowing land conversion rates and an increasing impact of altered environmental conditions on land–atmosphere fluxes. We establish how coupled Earth System Models may be applied to separate component fluxes of eLUC arising from the replacement of potential C sinks/sources and the land use feedback and show that secondary fluxes derived from offline vegetation models are conceptually and quantitatively not identical to either, nor their sum. Therefore, we argue that synthesis studies and global carbon budget accountings should resort to the "least common denominator" of different methods, following the bookkeeping approach where only primary land use emissions are quantified under the assumption of constant environmental boundary conditions.
High resolution numerical modeling of mesoscale island wakes and sensitivity to static topographic relief data
Authors: Nunalee C. G. , Horváth Á. , Basu S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Recent decades have witnessed a drastic increase in the fidelity of numerical weather prediction (NWP) modeling. Currently, both research-grade and operational NWP models regularly perform simulations with horizontal grid spacings as fine as 1 km. This migration towards higher resolution potentially improves NWP model solutions by increasing the resolvability of mesoscale processes and reducing dependency on empirical physics parameterizations. However, at the same time, the accuracy of high-resolution simulations, particularly in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), are also sensitive to orographic forcing which can have significant variability on the same spatial scale as, or smaller than, NWP model grids. Despite this sensitivity, many high resolution atmospheric simulations do not consider uncertainty with respect to selection of static terrain height dataset. In this paper, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate realistic cases of lower tropospheric flow over and downstream of mountainous islands using both the default global 30 s United States Geographic Survey terrain height dataset (GTOPO30) and the 3 s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) terrain height dataset. Our results demonstrate cases where the differences between GTOPO30-based and SRTM-based model terrain height are significant enough to produce entirely different orographic wake mechanics, such as vortex shedding vs. no vortex shedding. These results are also compared to MODIS visible satellite imagery and highlight the importance of considering uncertain static boundary conditions when running high-resolution mesoscale models.
Characterization of sediment layer composition in a shallow lake: from open water zones to reed belt areas
Authors: Kogelbauer I. , Loiskandl W.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Lake sediment characterization, a prerequisite for the vulnerability assessment of lake ecosystems, demands reliable in situ methods for the characterization of the sediment layer composition. A unified characterization of lake sediments within lake ecotopes (open water, open water patches within the reed, and the reed) is still a challenge. Each ecotope is covered by different classical scientific disciplines (hydrography and terrestrial remote sensing to soil physics) with their specific characterization methods. Recently, a complementary tool that bridges the gap between land and hydrographic surveying methods was introduced. It is a non-acoustic device that combines two soil physical sensors (a capacitive sensor and a cone penetrometer) and GNSS-positioning in a measuring system (CSPS). The CSPS enables rapid in situ delineation of water–mud–consolidated lakebed interfaces. The system was successfully applied across ecotopes at the Neusiedler See, a well-mixed shallow lake rich in fine-grained sediments. The geo-referenced vertical CSPS profiles show ecotope-specific layer composition. The effects of wind-induced turbidity, particle size, and electrical conductivity were analysed. The water–mud interface was precisely delineated at the open water due to a persistent high water content gradient, equivalent to a lutocline. The penetration resistance (PR) for open water showed either a shallow and highly compacted consolidated lakebed or a consolidated lakebed with a partially compacted layer above, while in the reed the PR smoothly increased until reaching the deepest penetration depths.
Changes in the southeast Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, between ~ 1890 and 2010
Authors: Hannesdóttir H. , Björnsson H. , Pálsson F. , Aðalgeirsdóttir G. , Guðmundsson Sv.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Area and volume changes and the average geodetic mass balance of the non-surging outlet glaciers of the southeast Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, during different time periods between ~ 1890 and 2010, are derived from a multi-temporal glacier inventory. A series of digital elevation models (DEMs) (~ 1890, 1904, 1936, 1945, 1989, 2002, 2010) are compiled from glacial geomorphological features, historical photographs, maps, aerial images, DGPS measurements and a lidar survey. Given the mapped basal topography, we estimate volume changes since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) ~ 1890. The variable volume loss of the outlets to similar climate forcing is related to their different hypsometry, basal topography, and the presence of proglacial lakes. In the post-LIA period, the glacierized area decreased by 164 km2 (or from 1014 to 851 km2) and the glaciers had lost 10–30 % of their ~ 1890 area by 2010 (anywhere from 3 to 36 km2). The glacier surface lowered by 150–270 m near the terminus and the outlet glaciers collectively lost 60 ± 8 km3 of ice, which is equivalent to 0.15 ± 0.02 mm of sea-level rise. The volume loss of individual glaciers was in the range of 15–50%, corresponding to a geodetic mass balance between −0.70 and −0.32 m w.e. a−1. The annual rate of mass change during the post-LIA period was most negative in 2002–2010, on average −1.34 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1, which is among the most negative mass balance values recorded worldwide in the early 21st century.
PTSD Symptoms in Afghan Refugees in the UK
Authors: Husni Mariwan , Rahim Ghafoor , Cernovsky Zack
Published: March 2015

Objective: To evaluate anamnestic and sociodemographic correlates of PTSD symptoms in refugees from Afghanistan.Method: Fifty Afghan refugees in the UK (mean age 37.4 years, SD=12.1; 33 men, 17 women) underwent SCID interview for PTSD, administered in their native language (Pashtun or Dari).Results: Eighteen (36.0%) reported being tortured while in Afghanistan.  More than half (54.0%) of these refugees met criteria for PTSD. While the diagnosis was not significantly related to age, gender, education, and history of torture, those free of PTSD rated their present occupation in UK as more satisfactory (r=.28, p=.048).Almost a half (46.0%) of these refugees reported nightmares about the circumstances of their escape from Afghanistan.Conclusions: Although PTSD symptoms were noted in more than a half of our sample, they were related neither to history of torture nor to sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education).
Locate Your Mains, Find Your Leaks, and Zero in on water Loss
Authors: Hughes David , Oxenford Jeff , Titus Russell
Published: March 2015

Addressing water loss entails much more than locating buried pipelines and finding leaks. It's important, however, for water utilities of all sizes to determine the amount of leakage they have, find and map their pipelines, and know their leak detection options.
Control Water Loss in Your Distribution System
Authors: Martin Barb , Ries Tom
Published: March 2015

Taking measures to minimize water loss is a component of optimized distribution system operation. Key factors that help utilities control water loss include metering, water audits, hydraulic data collection, and leak detection.
Composição e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) com vistas ao uso como antimicrobiano para leitões desmamados
Authors: Melo Antonio Diego Brandão , Gois Franz Dias , De Andrade Carla , Rostagno Marcos Horácio , Costa Leandro Batista
Published: March 2015

O uso de antibióticos como melhoradores de desempenho nas rações animais foi banido da União Europeiaem 2006, possivelmente devido ao desenvolvimento de resistência dos microrganismos aos antibióticose à possibilidade de resistência cruzada no homem. A pressão para a remoção desses antibióticos das raçõesde suínos tem aumentado a busca por produtos alternativos que garantam máximo crescimento dosanimais. Dentre os produtos alternativos destacam-se os óleos essenciais, os quais adicionados à dieta deleitões podem apresentar atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, mediante o efeito doscomponentes químicos de cada óleo essencial. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a composição química doóleo essencial da aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), além de investigar seu efeito antimicrobianocontra Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureuse Enterococcus faecalis, visando a possível utilização do óleo essencial testado como aditivo na dieta deleitões recém-desmamados. Utilizou-se um cromatógrafo a gás com detector de massas para determinar acomposição química do fruto da aroeira vermelha e o método de difusão em disco para investigar o efeitoantimicrobiano do óleo essencial. Os compostos encontrados em maiores concentrações no fruto da aroeiravermelha foram o δ–careno (41,01%), α-felandreno (14,40%), limoneno (12,36%) e α-pineno (10,36%). Oóleo essencial não demonstrou efeito antimicrobiano para as cepas testadas, possivelmente devido às baixasconcentrações do α-pineno encontradas. Entretanto, estudos in vivo e ex vivo devem ser desenvolvidos para avaliar a possível atuação do óleo essencial sobre a modulação do sistema imune e promoção da saúdeintestinal em leitões recém-desmamados.
The zinc finger proteins ZNF644 and WIZ regulate the G9a/GLP complex for gene repression
Authors: Bian Chunjing , Chen Qiang , Yu Xiaochun
Published: March 2015

The G9a/GLP complex mediates mono- and dimethylation of Lys9 of histone H3 at specific gene loci, which is associated with transcriptional repression. However, the molecular mechanism by which the G9a/GLP complex is targeted to the specific gene loci for H3K9 methylation is unclear. In this study, with unbiased protein affinity purification, we found ZNF644 and WIZ as two core subunits in the G9a/GLP complex. ZNF644 and WIZ interact with the transcription activation domain of G9a and GLP, respectively. Moreover, both ZNF644 and WIZ contain multiple zinc finger motifs that recognize consensus DNA sequences. ZNF644 and WIZ target G9a and GLP to the chromatin and mediate the G9a/GLP complex-dependent H3K9 methylation as well as gene repression. Thus, our studies reveal two key subunits in the G9a/GLP complex that regulate the function of this histone methyltransferase complex.
Investigating the Success Factors of Hotel Websites: The Case of Egyptian Hotels
Authors: Khalifa Gamal S. A. , Abou-Shouk Mohamed A. A.
Published: March 2015

The use of web as a marketing channel is on the rise rapidly worldwide. The majority of businesses across all industries including hotels, adopt web usage in order to satisfy their customers. Hotels adopt this new environment to communicate directly with travellers and offer customers who are willing to search for information the opportunity to book accomodation online. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 311 hotel customers about their perceptions on Egyptian hotel websites. It employed structural equation modelling, an advanced multivariate technique to measure the dimensions of e-service quality of hotel websites and their effect on website competitiveness. The study’s findings can help hotel marketing managers address defects in their websites and support their business competitiveness.
Dimming over the oceans: Transient anthropogenic aerosol plumes in the twentieth century
Authors: Dallafior T. N. , Folini D. , Knutti R. , Wild M.
Published: March 2015

Anthropogenic aerosols reduce incoming surface solar radiation (SSR), but the magnitude of this effect for reducing sea surface temperatures (SST) is still debated. Using simulations from the global climate model ECHAM5 with the Hamburg Aerosol Module and prescribed SSTs, we quantify anthropogenic aerosol dimming over sea surfaces by comparing ensembles, which only differ in anthropogenic aerosol emissions. We isolate the anthropogenic aerosol effect on SSR with sufficiently large ensemble sizes to provide statistically significant results. The following simulation results are obtained: Dimming plumes extend from their source regions with clear seasonality. The latter is predominantly shaped by atmospheric circulation, while interdecadal changes follow the gradual increase in anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Comparing the 1990s with the 1870s, on average, 9.4% (clear‐sky SSR) or 15.4% (all‐sky SSR) of the entire ocean surface was affected by anthropogenic aerosol dimming larger than −4 Wm−2 (decadal mean). Comparing the same time periods, global average anthropogenic dimming over oceans is −2.3 Wm−2 and −3.4 Wm−2 for clear‐sky and all‐sky SSR, respectively. Surface dimming is hemispherically asymmetrical with stronger Northern Hemispheric dimming by 2.3 Wm−2 and 4.5 Wm−2 for clear‐sky and all‐sky SSR, respectively. Zonal average clear‐sky dimming reaches its maximum (−5.5 Wm−2) near the equator. All‐sky dimming peaks at 40°N (−8 Wm−2) and is regionally larger than clear‐sky dimming. Regionally, surface dimming can reach values up to 9.5 Wm−2 (clear‐sky) and 25 Wm−2 (all‐sky). Results are a contribution toward better quantifying spatially heterogeneous and time‐dependent anthropogenic dimming effects on SSTs.
Hydraulic fracture energy budget: Insights from the laboratory
Authors: Goodfellow S. D. , Nasseri M. H. B. , Maxwell S. C. , Young R. P.
Published: March 2015

In this paper we present results from a series of laboratory hydraulic fracture experiments designed to investigate various components of the energy budget. The experiments involved a cylindrical sample of Westerly granite being deformed under various triaxial stress states and fractured with distilled water, which was injected at a range of constant rates. Acoustic emission sensors were absolutely calibrated, and the radiated seismic energy was estimated. The seismic energy was found to range from 7.02E−8% to 1.24E−4% of the injection energy which is consistent with a range of values for induced seismicity from field‐scale hydraulic fracture operations. The deformation energy (crack opening) of the sample during hydraulic fracture propagation was measured using displacement sensors and ranged from 18% to 94% of the injection energy. Our results support the conclusion that aseismic deformation is a significant term in the hydraulic fracture energy budget.
CTBT infrasound network performance to detect the 2013 Russian fireball event
Authors: Pilger Christoph , Ceranna Lars , Ross J. Ole , Le Pichon Alexis , Mialle Pierrick , Garcés Milton A.
Published: March 2015

The explosive fragmentation of the 2013 Chelyabinsk meteorite generated a large airburst with an equivalent yield of 500 kT TNT. It is the most energetic event recorded by the infrasound component of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty‐International Monitoring System (CTBT‐IMS), globally detected by 20 out of 42 operational stations. This study performs a station‐by‐station estimation of the IMS detection capability to explain infrasound detections and nondetections from short to long distances, using the Chelyabinsk meteorite as global reference event. Investigated parameters influencing the detection capability are the directivity of the line source signal, the ducting of acoustic energy, and the individual noise conditions at each station. Findings include a clear detection preference for stations perpendicular to the meteorite trajectory, even over large distances. Only a weak influence of stratospheric ducting is observed for this low‐frequency case. Furthermore, a strong dependence on the diurnal variability of background noise levels at each station is observed, favoring nocturnal detections.
Gradient Structure in High Pressure Torsion Compacted Iron Powder
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Massion Roxane , Grosdidier Thierry , Toth Laszlo S.
Published: March 2015

Iron powder was compacted successfully into a solid disk by a severe plastic deformation process – the high pressure torsion (HPT) – at room temperature. The compaction was done in two steps: first axial compaction, then shear deformation by rotating the bottom part of the HPT die while maintaining the axial force constant. The homogeneity of shear strain across the thickness of the disk was examined by local strain measurement, showing a gradient distribution. The strain gradient leads to the formation of three regions throughout the thickness of the disk: Region U, that is undeformed in torsion (top part – in contact with the fixed punch), Region T, that is a transition or intermediate region where the shear strain is increasing, and Region S, which is severely deformed (bottom part – in contact with the rotating die) which is uniformly and heavily sheared. The observation of microstructure and Vickers hardness in the three regions showed a non‐uniform distribution, corresponding to the strain gradient. Crystallographic texture measurements confirmed the presence of a typical shear texture with increasing strength in Regions T and S. Stress–strain curve was obtained from the local shear strain and microhardness measurements. The strain hardening curve of the HPT‐compacted pure iron showed higher flow stress than the torsion deformed solid pure iron (IF steel).
Highly Stable Anion Exchange Membranes with Internal Cross‐Linking Networks
Authors: Xu Wanxing , Zhao Yuyue , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin , Vankelecom Ivo F. J.
Published: March 2015

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with excellent stability and high ion conductivity are fabricated via the formation of internal cross linking networks. The internal crosslinking networks are constructed by reacting 4,4′‐bipyridine with chloromethylated polysulfone. The bipyridine group simultaneously functions as ionic conductor and cross linker in this system. The performance of the membrane is tuned via controlling the 4,4′‐bipyridine content in the casting solution. The prepared membranes demonstrate excellent chemical stability and high ion conductivity under acidic conditions. As a consequence, the membranes show very promising performance for vanadium flow battery application, exhibiting a Coulombic efficiency of 99.2% and an energy efficiency of 81.8% at a current density of 140 mA cm−2. The battery that is assembled with the prepared membrane shows a stable battery performance over more than 1600 cycles, which is by far the longest cycle life reported. These results indicate that the AEMs with internal crosslinking structures are promising candidates for battery systems and even for fuel cells.
2D and 3D Hybrid Systems for Enhancement of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Tonsil‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Park Jinhye , Kim In Young , Patel Madhumita , Moon Hyo Jung , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Jeong Byeongmoon
Published: March 2015

2D/3D hybrid cell culture systems are constructed by increasing the temperature of the thermogelling poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(l‐alanine) diblock copolymer (PEG‐l‐PA) aqueous solution in which tonsil tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are suspended, to 37 °C. The cells exhibit spherical cell morphologies in 2D/3D hybrid culture systems of GO/PEG‐l‐PA and rGO/PEG‐l‐PA by using the growth medium. The cell proliferations are 30%–50% higher in the rGO/PEG‐l‐PA hybrid system than in the GO/PEG‐l‐PA hybrid system. When chondrogenic culture media enriched with TGF‐β3 is used in the 2D/3D hybrid systems, cells extensively aggregate, and the expression of chondrogenic biomarkers of SOX 9, COL II A1, COL II, and COL X significantly increases in the GO/PEG‐l‐PA 2D/3D hybrid system as compared with the PEG‐l‐PA 3D systems and rGO/PEG‐l‐PA 2D/3D hybrid system, suggesting that the GO/PEG‐l‐PA 2D/3D hybrid system can be an excellent candidate as a chondrogenic differentiation platform of the stem cell. This paper also suggests that a 2D/3D hybrid system prepared by incorporating 2D materials with various surface biofunctionalities in the in situ forming 3D hydrogel matrix can be a new cell culture system.
An investigation study of gelatin release from semi‐interpenetrating polymeric network hydrogel patch for excision wound healing on Wistar rat model
Authors: Jaiswal Maneesh , Gupta Asheesh , Dinda Amit Kumar , Koul Veena
Published: March 2015

Semi‐interpenetrating polymeric network hydrogel patches are fabricated using poly(acrylamide) (PAm) and gelatin (G) in which poly(caprolactone) diacrylate is used as a crosslinker for PAm while gelatin is kept uncrosslinked. The healing efficiency of selected hydrogel dressing [PAm1G1(0.5)] is evaluated in comparison with control group (cotton gauze covered with 3M Tegaderm™). The sustained release of gelatin is found to extend from 4 to 15 days while maximum tensile strength stretched to 559 ± 12.5 kPa in PAm1G0.5 matrix, which reduced to 158 ± 6.1 kPa at higher gelatin content (PAm1G1.0). The higher wound contraction (34%), less inflammatory response, significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the collagen biosynthesis, and the granulation tissue formation are observed in PAm/G treated animals in comparison to control, as evidenced by quantitative enhancement of DNA (21%), hydroxyproline (28%), and hexosamine (41%). The histological examination of PAm/G hydrogel treated wound tissues shows enhanced re‐epithelialization on day 8 and 12 post‐wounding, in comparison to control group. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42120.
UVB‐emitting Gd3+‐activated M2O2S (where M = La, Y) for phototherapy lamp phosphors
Authors: Shinde V. V. , Kunghatkar R. G. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: March 2015

Gd3+‐activated oxysulphide (M2O2S) may be used to study Photoluminescence (PL) properties with respect to phototherapy. Gd3+‐activated phosphor materials are widely used for phototherapy lamps. The Gd3+ ion gives characteristic Narrow-Band (NB) emissions, in particular in the ultraviolet (UV) light region, that are used to treat more than 50 types of skin diseases. In this paper, M2O2S oxysulphide doped with Gd3+ was synthesized by the solid‐state flux fusion method and its down conversion spectral properties were studied as a function of different Gd3+ concentrations. The sample was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and PL and the crystal structure was also studied. The lanthanum oxysulphide (La2O2S)‐activated Gd3+ ion showed a sharp emission peak at 314 nm when excited at 275 nm excitation, whereas the yttrium oxysulphide (Y2O2S)‐activated Gd3+ ion showed a sharp emission at 316 nm when excited by 272 nm. The effect of concentration of the Gd3+ ion on the luminescence properties of M2O2S:Gd3+ phosphor was also studied. These phosphor materials activated with the Gd3+ ion may be suitable for phototherapy lamps, which are used to treat many types of skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, or scleroderma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neural correlates of subjectively perceived and passively matched loudness perception in auditory phantom perception
Authors: De Ridder Dirk , Congedo Marco , Vanneste Sven
Published: March 2015

Introduction

A fundamental question in phantom perception is determining whether the brain creates a network that represents the sound intensity of the auditory phantom as measured by tinnitus matching (in dB), or whether the phantom perception is actually only a representation of the subjectively perceived loudness.

Methods

In tinnitus patients, tinnitus loudness was tested in two ways, by a numeric rating scale for subjectively perceived loudness and a more objective tinnitus‐matching test, albeit it is still a subjective measure.

Results

Passively matched tinnitus does not correlate with subjective numeric rating scale, and has no electrophysiological correlates. Subjective loudness, in a whole‐brain analysis, is correlated with activity in the left anterior insula (alpha), the rostral/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (beta), and the left parahippocampus (gamma). A ROI analysis finds correlations with the auditory cortex (high beta and gamma) as well. The theta band links gamma band activity in the auditory cortex and parahippocampus via theta–gamma nesting.

Conclusions

Apparently the brain generates a network that represents subjectively perceived tinnitus loudness only, which is context dependent. The subjective loudness network consists of the anterior cingulate/insula, the parahippocampus, and the auditory cortex. The gamma band activity in the parahippocampus and the auditory cortex is functionally linked via theta–gamma nested lagged phase synchronization.
A review on protein–protein interaction network of APE1/Ref‐1 and its associated biological functions
Authors: Thakur S. , Dhiman M. , Tell G. , Mantha A. K.
Published: March 2015

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a classic example of functionally variable protein. Besides its well‐known role in (i) DNA repair of oxidative base damage, APE1 also plays a critical role in (ii) redox regulation of transcription factors controlling gene expression for cell survival pathways, for which it is also known as redox effector factor 1 (Ref‐1), and recent evidences advocates for (iii) coordinated control of other non‐canonical protein–protein interaction(s) responsible for significant biological functions in mammalian cells. The diverse functions of APE1 can be ascribed to its ability to interact with different protein partners, owing to the attainment of unfolded domains during evolution. Association of dysregulation of APE1 with various human pathologies, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration, is attributable to its multifunctional nature, and this makes APE1 a potential therapeutic target. This review covers the important aspects of APE1 in terms of its significant protein–protein interaction(s), and this knowledge is required to understand the onset and development of human pathologies and to design or improve the strategies to target such interactions for treatment and management of various human diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imatinib inhibits inactivation of the ATM/ATR signaling pathway and recovery from adriamycin/doxorubicin‐induced DNA damage checkpoint arrest
Authors: Morii Mariko , Fukumoto Yasunori , Kubota Sho , Yamaguchi Noritaka , Nakayama Yuji , Yamaguchi Naoto
Published: March 2015

The DNA damage checkpoint arrests cell cycle progression to allow time for DNA repair. After completion of DNA repair, checkpoint activation is terminated, and cell cycle progression is resumed in a process called checkpoint recovery. The activation of the checkpoint has been studied in depth, but little is known about recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint. Recently we showed that Src family kinases promote recovery from the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. Here we show that imatinib inhibits inactivation of ATM/ATR signaling pathway to suppress recovery from Adriamycin/doxorubicin‐induced DNA damage checkpoint arrest. Imatinib and pazopanib, two distinct inhibitors of PDGFR/c‐Kit family kinases, delayed recovery from checkpoint arrest and inhibited the subsequent S–G2–M transition after Adriamycin exposure. By contrast, imatinib and pazopanib did not delay the recovery from checkpoint arrest in the presence of an ATM/ATR inhibitor caffeine. Consistently, imatinib induced a persistent activation of ATR–Chk1 signaling. By the way, the maintenance of G2 checkpoint arrest is largely dependent on ATR–Chk1 signaling. However, unlike Src inhibition, imatinib did not delay the recovery from checkpoint arrest in the presence of an ATM inhibitor KU‐55933. Furthermore, imatinib induced a persistent activation of ATM–KAP1 signaling, and a possible involvement of imatinib in an ATM‐dependent DNA damage response is suggested. These results reveal that imatinib inhibits recovery from Adriamycin‐induced DNA damage checkpoint arrest in an ATM/ATR‐dependent manner and raise the possibility that imatinib may inhibit resumption of tumor proliferation after chemo‐ and radiotherapy.
Chemometrics comes to court: evidence evaluation of chem–bio threat agent attacks
Authors: Ahlinder Jon , Nordgaard Anders , Lindström Susanne W.
Published: March 2015

Forensic statistics is a well‐established scientific field whose purpose is to statistically analyze evidence in order to support legal decisions. It traditionally relies on methods that assume small numbers of independent variables and multiple samples. Unfortunately, such methods are less applicable when dealing with highly correlated multivariate data sets such as those generated by emerging high throughput analytical technologies. Chemometrics is a field that has a wealth of methods for the analysis of such complex data sets, so it would be desirable to combine the two fields in order to identify best practices for forensic statistics in the future. This paper provides a brief introduction to forensic statistics and describes how chemometrics could be integrated with its established methods to improve the evaluation of evidence in court.

The paper describes how statistics and chemometrics can be integrated, by analyzing a previous know forensic data set composed of bacterial communities from fingerprints. The presented strategy can be applied in cases where chemical and biological threat agents have been illegally disposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Boroselenates as New Silicate Analogues.
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of Rb3[B(SeO4)3] (I) and Cs3[B(SeO4)3] (II) are prepared by heating a 1.5:1:6.6 molar mixture of Rb2CO3 (Cs2CO3), H3BO3, and H2SeO4 in air (quartz crucible, 550 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐NaMnO2: A High‐Performance Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Billaud Juliette , Clement Raphaele J. , Armstrong A. Robert , Canales‐Vazquez Jesus , Rozier Patrick , Grey Clare P. , Bruce Peter G.
Published: March 2015

β‐NaMnO2 is prepared by firing of Na2CO3 (15 wt.% excess) and Mn2O3 in O2 (2 x 950 °C, 1 d, heating rates of 1 and 5 °C/min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Magnetically Recyclable ZIF‐8@SiO2@Fe3O4 Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performance for Knoevenagel Reaction.
Authors: Li Qingyuan , Jiang Sai , Ji Shengfu , Ammar Muhammad , Zhang Qingmin , Yan Junlei
Published: March 2015

The title catalyst is prepared by addition of aqueous 2‐methyl imidazole solution containing NEt3 to an aqueous suspension of Zn(NO3)2 and SiO2@Fe3O4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Property of a New Cobalt(II) Vanadate.
Authors: Zhang Su‐Yun , Guo Wen‐Bin , Yang Ming , Tang Ying‐Ying , Wang Nan‐Nan , Huang Rong‐Rong , Cui Mei‐Yan , He Zhang‐Zhen
Published: March 2015

Co7V4O16(OH)2(H2O) is obtained in the attempt to prepare a Sr‐Co‐V‐O phase via hydrothermal reaction of a 2:1:4 molar aqueous mixture of ScCl2, V2O5, and Co(OH)2 (autoclave, 200 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: New Complex Bismuth Oxides in the Bi2O3—NiO—Sb2O5 System and Their Properties.
Authors: Egorysheva A. V. , Ellert O. G. , Zubavichus Y. V. , Gajtko O. M. , Efimov N. N. , Svetogorov R. D. , Murzin V. Yu.
Published: March 2015

The pyrochlore‐type solid solution (Bi2‐xNix) Ni2/3‐ySb4/3+yO7+‐δ (x = 0.1‐0.35, y = 0‐0.1) and Bi3Ni2/3Sb7/3O11 of the KSbO3 structure type are discovered in the 650 °C isothermal section of the Bi2O3‐NiO‐Sb2O5 phase diagram.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Enantioselective Sulfenylation of Ketone‐Derived Enoxysilanes.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Rossi Sergio , Webster Matthew P. , Wang Hao
Published: March 2015

Three classes of Lewis bases, tertiary amines, sulfides, and selenophosphoramides, are identified as catalysts for the α‐sulfenylation of silyl enol ethers, but only chiral selenophosphoramides furnish α‐phenylthio ketones in good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Mild Method for Preparation of Allylic Amines from Aziridine‐2‐alcohols Using PPh3/I2/Imidazole.
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Khairnar Lalit B. , Chavan Prakash N.
Published: March 2015

The procedure succeeds for activated and deactivated aziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetamidine—Palladium Complex Immobilized on γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: A Novel Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Heck and Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Ghasemzadeh Maryam Sadat , Honarmand Moones , Zarifi Farzaneh
Published: March 2015

An acetamidine—palladium complex immobilized on γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles is shown to be an efficient catalyst for Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual (Z)‐Selective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to Vinylaziridines.
Authors: Yin JieXiang , Mekelburg Theresa , Hyland Christopher
Published: March 2015

Application of electron‐rich aryl boronic acids results in lower reaction yields than application of electron‐poor aryl boronic acids due to incomplete conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylation of Secondary Amines with Dialkyl Carbonates and Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Iron Complexes.
Authors: Zheng Jianxia , Darcel Christophe , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste
Published: March 2015

The reaction proceeds under milder conditions compared to classical ones using dimethylcarbonate as the C1 source.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cross‐Aldol Reactions of Acetaldehyde Mediated by a Dual Catalytic System Operating under Site Isolation.
Authors: Fan Xinyuan , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Wang Shoulei , Sayalero Sonia , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: March 2015

Two polymer supported materials are used as recyclable catalyst mixture for the aldol condensation of paraldehyde (I) with aromatic aldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Ring Opening Reaction of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Amines Promoted by Iridium/NMDPP Complex.
Authors: Yu Lu , Zhou Yongyun , Xu Xin , Li Sifeng , Xu Jianbin , Fan Baomin , Lin Chengyuan , Bian Zhaoxiang , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: March 2015

A wide variety of primary and secondary amines are suitable nucleophiles for the title reaction to form ring opening products with good levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Coupling of Enamines and Electron‐Deficient Amines: TBAI/TBHP‐Mediated Synthesis of Substituted Diaminoalkenes under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yuan Yucheng , Hou Wenjuan , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Zhao Kang , Du Yunfei
Published: March 2015

The presented work provides a convenient route to diaminoalkene derivatives from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: A Planar‐Chiral Phosphino(alkenyl)ferrocene for Suzuki‐Miyaura C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Schaarschmidt Dieter , Grumbt Martin , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich
Published: March 2015

A planar‐chiral diphenylphosphino‐substituted ferrocene is efficiently applied as ligand in the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐coupling of sterically congested aryl halides with ortho‐substituted arylboronic acids to give biaryls with up to four ortho substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Assembly of Functionalized Spirocyclic Indolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatising Diallylation of Indoles with Allyl Acetate.
Authors: Dhankher Persis , Benhamou Laure , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of substituted indoles with allylacetate provides 3,3‐diallylindolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Cyclocondensation‐Knoevenagel—Michael Reaction of Phenyl Hydrazine, Acetoacetate Derivatives and Arylaldehydes.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Abbasi Fatemeh , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza
Published: March 2015

A novel N‐bromosulfonamide reagent, DBBTS, is synthesized and successfully used as a new and highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of arylmethylene bispyrazoles (IV) via a one‐pot pseudo‐five component condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photochemical One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Pusch Stefan , Opatz Till
Published: March 2015

α‐(alkylideneamino)nitriles generated in situ from α‐aminonitriles and aldehydes react with acylaziridines formed in situ by photochemical ring transformation of isoxazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed 2,5‐Diarylation of Imidazoles Derivatives.
Authors: Takfaoui Abdelilah , Zhao Liqin , Touzani Rachid , Soule Jean‐Francois , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Doucet Henri
Published: March 2015

1‐Alkylimidazoles always give mixtures of 5‐mono‐ and 2,5‐diarylsubstituted products and major product depends on the N‐alkyl substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazolidines via Regioselective Addition of Unsymmetric Thioureas to Maleic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Samartsev Mikhail A. , Shulgin Igor A. , Golubev Pavel R. , Avdontceva Margarita S. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A.
Published: March 2015

A wide range of unsymmetric thioureas are studied in reaction with N‐arylmaleimides and maleic anhydride.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isomerization of Allylrhodium Intermediates in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Cyclic Imines.
Authors: Hepburn Hamish B. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: March 2015

High enantioselectivities are obtained with chiral diene‐Rh complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Raney Ni Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Chakibanda Guravaiah
Published: March 2015

Huisgen‐type cycloaddition proceeds with excellent regioselectivity for phenyl azide (II) with aryl‐ and alkyl‐propargyl ethers (I) and alkynes (XI) and (XIII) while alkyl and benzyl azides (IV) in combination with alkyl propargylic ethers (Ib,c) as well as phenyl azide and propargylic alcohol (VIII) give regioisomeric mixtures with poor selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 as an Inexpensive, Eco‐Friendly, Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1‐H Tetrazoles from Nitriles.
Authors: Kumar Satyanand , Dubey Shristy , Saxena Nisha , Awasthi Satish Kumar
Published: March 2015

The CAN‐catalyzed cycloaddition of nitriles with NaN3 is advantageous with regards to short reaction times, easy work up, and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to 4,6‐Disubstituted‐3,4‐dihydropyran‐2‐ones by Domino Michael Addition‐Cyclization Reaction under PTC Conditions.
Authors: Gaggero Nicoletta , Albanese Domenico C. M. , Nava Donatella
Published: March 2015

The new domino process allows the preparation of dithioacetals (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isochromene Derivatives Using an Intramolecular Benzylic C(sp3)—C(sp2) Bond Forming Heck Reaction on Vinylogous Carbonates.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Shelke Yogesh G. , Reddy S. Raja Bhushan
Published: March 2015

The synthetic utility of the intramolecular Heck reaction is demonstrated in the racemic formation of monocerolide (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Pyridones Using Acrylamides and Ketones.
Authors: Rai Sunil K. , Khanam Shaziya , Khanna Ranjana S. , Tewari Ashish K.
Published: March 2015

Acrylamides (III) obtained as E‐isomers are readily synthesized under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyridines from Acetophenones and 1,3‐Diaminopropane.
Authors: Xi Long‐Yi , Zhang Ruo‐Yi , Liang Shuai , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: March 2015

Not only a range of electronically diverse acetophenones undergo this transformation but also aryl ketones with a longer alkyl chain, as well as cyclic aliphatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Strain‐Promoted Oxidative Annulation of Arynes and Cyclooctynes with Benzamides: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H/N—H Activation for the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Peng Xianglong , Wang Weiguo , Jiang Chao , Sun Di , Xu Zhenghu , Tung Chen‐Ho
Published: March 2015

The novel title reaction leads to the concise and flexible synthesis of different N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Silyl Dienolates Derived from Dioxinones.
Authors: Chen Ming , Hartwig John F.
Published: March 2015

Among the tested leaving groups trichloroethylcarbonate gives the best results regarding regioselectivity, yield and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolooxazine and Fused 1,2,3‐Triazolo‐δ‐Lactone Derivatives.
Authors: Guemues Ayseguel , Mert Kudret , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: March 2015

The first enantioselective synthesis of fused 1,2,3‐triazolooxazine (VI) and 1,2,3‐triazolo‐δ‐lactone (VIII) via intramolecular azide‐alkyne cycloaddition or Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, resp., is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective and Regioselective Organocatalytic Direct Mannich Reaction of Methyl Alkyl Ketones with Cyclic Imines Benzo[e][1,2,3]oxathiazine 2,2‐Dioxides.
Authors: Wang You‐Qing , Cui Xiao‐Yu , Ren Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Yongna
Published: March 2015

The direct Mannich reaction of the cyclic title imines with acetone or alkyl methyl ketones generates optically active N‐heterocycles bearing a sulfonamide functionality with high enantioselectivities and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective C—H Borylations of Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes with Silica‐Supported Monophosphane‐Ir Catalysts.
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Tsunoda Kiyoshi , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya
Published: March 2015

A silica‐supported caged trialkylphosphane is applied as efficient heterogeneous ligand in the Ir‐catalyzed N‐ or O‐atom directed C—H borylation of cyclopropanes and a few cyclobutanes to give cis‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated 1,2‐Acyl Migration: The Reaction of Secondary Enamino Ketones with Singlet Oxygen.
Authors: Fan Weigang , Li Pixu
Published: March 2015

Reaction of enamino ketones (I) and (III) with alcohols under photooxidative conditions in the presence of [Ru(bipy)3Cl2] catalyst gives the corresponding compounds (II), (IV) and (VII) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Bioinspired “Aplysinopsin Cascade”: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Tubastrindole B and Related Biosynthetic Congeners.
Authors: Skiredj Adam , Beniddir Mehdi A. , Joseph Delphine , Leblanc Karine , Bernadat Guillaume , Evanno Laurent , Poupon Erwan
Published: March 2015

(.+‐.)‐Tubastrindole B (Ia) and a precursor of (.+‐.)‐tubastrindole E (Ib) are prepared by a ring‐expansion cascade of a dictazole‐type precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition to Iminium Ions and Cationic Heterocycles
Authors: Tauber Johannes , Imbri Dennis , Opatz Till
Published: March 2015

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Amide Bond Formation in Microwave Organic Synthesis
Authors: Lukasik Natalia , Wagner‐Wysiecka Ewa
Published: March 2015

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis and Pharmacological Importance of 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives — A Review
Authors: Khatak Mamta , Verma Parbhakar Kumar
Published: March 2015

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Clinoptylolite‐Type Zeolite in the Synthesis of Different Heterocycles
Authors: Fodor Anna , Nemeth Janos , Hell Zoltan
Published: March 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry as a Powerful Tool in Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Majumder Nairrita
Published: March 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Chiral Bronsted Acid Catalysis
Authors: Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: March 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalysts: Synthesis of Five‐Membered N‐Heterocycles Fused with Other Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: March 2015

Review: 269 refs.