bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring temporal bias in sequential numerosity comparison
Authors: Dolfi Serena , Testolin Alberto , Cutini Simone , Zorzi Marco
Published: May 2024

While several methods have been proposed to assess the influence of continuous visual cues in parallel numerosity estimation, the impact of temporal magnitudes on sequential numerosity judgments has been largely ignored. To overcome this issue, we extend a recently proposed framework that makes it possible to separate the contribution of numerical and non-numerical information in numerosity comparison by introducing a novel stimulus space designed for sequential tasks. Our method systematically varies the temporal magnitudes embedded into event sequences through the orthogonal manipulation of numerosity and two latent factors, which we designate as “duration” and “temporal spacing”. This allows us to measure the contribution of finer-grained temporal features on numerosity judgments in several sensory modalities. We validate the proposed method on two different experiments in both visual and auditory modalities: results show that adult participants discriminated sequences primarily by relying on numerosity, with similar acuity in the visual and auditory modality. However, participants were similarly influenced by non-numerical cues, such as the total duration of the stimuli, suggesting that temporal cues can significantly bias numerical processing. Our findings highlight the need to carefully consider the continuous properties of numerical stimuli in a sequential mode of presentation as well, with particular relevance in multimodal and cross-modal investigations. We provide the complete code for creating sequential stimuli and analyzing participants’ responses.
Tarımsal Araştırmalar
Authors: Göze Özdemir Fatma Gül , Hallaç Türk Filiz , Göze Harun Burak , Alıcı Aytaç Zafer , Yılmaz Murat , Tüzün Cevdet Gökhan
Published: May 2024

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On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems
Authors: He Shan , Segura Abarrategi Julen , Bediaga Harbil , Arrasate Sonia , González-Díaz Humberto
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by slowly progressing neuronal cell death. Conventional drug treatment strategies often fail because of poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the inability of the drugs to effectively cross the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, the development of new neurodegenerative disease drugs (NDDs) requires immediate attention. Nanoparticle (NP) systems are of increasing interest for transporting NDDs to the central nervous system. However, discovering effective nanoparticle neuronal disease drug delivery systems (N2D3Ss) is challenging because of the vast number of combinations of NP and NDD compounds, as well as the various assays involved. Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms have the potential to accelerate this process by predicting the most promising NDD and NP candidates for assaying. Nevertheless, the relatively limited amount of reported data on N2D3S activity compared to assayed NDDs makes AI/ML analysis challenging. In this work, the IFPTML technique, which combines information fusion (IF), perturbation theory (PT), and machine learning (ML), was employed to address this challenge. Initially, we conducted the fusion into a unified dataset comprising 4403 NDD assays from ChEMBL and 260 NP cytotoxicity assays from journal articles. Through a resampling process, three new working datasets were generated, each containing 500,000 cases. We utilized linear discriminant analysis (LDA) along with artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and deep learning networks (DLN), to construct linear and non-linear IFPTML models. The IFPTML-LDA models exhibited sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) values in the range of 70% to 73% (>375,000 training cases) and 70% to 80% (>125,000 validation cases), respectively. In contrast, the IFPTML-MLP and IFPTML-DLN achieved Sn and Sp values in the range of 85% to 86% for both training and validation series. Additionally, IFPTML-ANN models showed an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of approximately 0.93 to 0.95. These results indicate that the IFPTML models could serve as valuable tools in the design of drug delivery systems for neurosciences.
How revolution and gender dynamics affected Nepali 3rd-person honorification from the 1990s to the 2010s: A corpus analysis
Authors: Shrestha Subhekshya
Published: May 2024

One way to express honorification, by which speakers index relations of respect, is through varying pronouns and verb inflection. This phenomenon has been studied in European languages with binary 2nd-person pronouns (the T-V model). Past research finds that these systems tend to level with social change. This study explores Nepali, which also uses pronouns and verb-inflections. Nepali has 2nd and 3rd-person honorification, with 4 and 3 different levels respectively. The study employs a corpus analysis to investigate Nepali 3rd-person honorification with regards to the fall of monarchy (1996–2010). The paper finds that this social change correlates to 3rd-person honor leveling.
How do GenZ speakers use and process emoji in chatbot conversations: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Zhukova Marina , Brehm Laurel
Published: May 2024

This study investigates use and processing of emoji in chatbot conversations. 32 GenZ participants engaged in semi-naturalistic chats in an eye-tracker for ten minutes with a ChatGPT bot that used specific emoji from two personas (GenZ and Millennial). Eye-tracking and sentiment analysis revealed that the GenZ bot was typically positively perceived, while the Millennial bot showed one of two patterns: adaptation or hyperfocus on the ‘wrong’ emoji. The study sheds light on how emoji are used compared to words and their impact on AI assistant communication styles. The findings offer insights for studying open-ended conversations and linguistic patterns using ChatGPT.
Interpreting causee in a ‘permissive’ causative: A case study on Teochew
Authors: Luo Zhuosi
Published: May 2024

The verbal domain has been long argued to be a strong phase, of which the origin can be traced back to the discussions on theta role assignment in Chomsky (2000). This study contributes to the phasehood issue at the understudied LF by exploring the argument thematic interpretation in the verbal domain. I argue that in Teochew permissive bun-causative, the interpretation of causee as an understudied external argument is not listed as syntactic primitives, but rather as post-syntactic derivatives derived from syntactically-oriented causal event structure. Such a causal event structure is first affected by the eventuality of the embedded predicate and then influenced by two modalities sublexically encoded in the embedding causative verb, namely a volitional modality in the at-issue meaning and a deontic modality in the presupposition. Such a two-step contextualization mechanism constrains the final interpretation of causee, and, for the first time, sheds light on discussions on the domain sensitivity at LF.
Ordering preferences in Ukrainian multiple wh-fronting
Authors: Buenrostro Ruby , Nie Yining
Published: May 2024

We present the first systematic study of ordering restrictions in Ukrainian multiple wh-fronting (MWF) constructions, examining the effects of grammatical relation, case and animacy. Using an acceptability judgment task with pair-list primes, we tested the acceptability of Superiority-obeying and Superiority-violating questions with two wh-arguments. We found that Ukrainian speakers exhibit two distinct patterns with respect to Superiority: one group of speakers accepted Superiority violations while the other did not. Both groups, however, allowed free word order with wh-prepositional phrases and the lexical item ščo ‘what’. We conclude that these two patterns represent two distinct varieties of Ukrainian which differ in Superiority in matrix MWF constructions.
Bidialectal acoustic realization of tones is influenced by dialect experience and homophone status
Authors: Zeng Wenqi , Shea Christine
Published: May 2024

While evidence shows that interlingual cognates can enhance cross-language phonetic assimilation in production, it is reasonable to assume that interlingual homophones can enhance cross-language phonological interference. Distinct from cognates, interlingual homophones do not share semantic content, which may affect the degree of co-activation observed across languages. The present study examines this hypothesis in a group of bidialectal speakers, whose lexicon consists of a large number of inter-dialectal homophones. Productions of Chengdu Mandarin tones by Chengdu Mandarin and Standard Mandarin speakers were examined in a word naming task. The results showed that bidialectal speakers’ native tone productions were influenced by their experience in speaking Standard Mandarin as well as the inter-dialectal homophone status of the lexical item. Additionally, both of these influences were modulated by the structure of the inter-dialect tone categories. The findings support the similarity between bidialectal and bilingual speech processing and provide novel evidence for bilingual speech models from the level of suprasegmental processing.
Unbalanced case and the syntax of coordination
Authors: Grabovac Anna
Published: May 2024

Coordinate structures seem to display a mix of both asymmetric and symmetric properties. As a result, individual theories of the syntax of coordination roughly divide into two classes: those that argue for an asymmetric syntax and those that adopt a symmetric syntax. This paper investigates an apparently asymmetric property of coordination, unbalanced case, where not all conjuncts in a coordinate structure realize the same case. I examine data from Bosnian/Croatian/ Serbian which provide evidence of a first-conjunct effect, where the acceptability of an example depends on the ability of the first conjunct to realize the case licensed on the coordinate structure. Despite this case asymmetry, I show that the data are compatible with theories that argue for symmetric syntax, which have gained traction in recent work. The proposed analysis relies on a theory of concord as realization and a postsyntactic condition on case adjacency.
Turning night into day: Milieu and semantic change in Albanian
Authors: Dedvukaj Lindon , Joseph Brian
Published: May 2024

We bring to light here two case studies from Albanian that show interesting semantic change, and we argue that in order to understand the particular changes involved, the concept of “milieu” (Christiansen and Joseph 2016: 56-7) should be invoked.
Rule ordering is free: A case study of extraction out of ellipsis
Authors: Nakao Chizuru , Obata Miki
Published: May 2024

This paper examines Bošković’s (2014) idea that extraction out of an ellipsis site is impossible when a phase is elided. One of the empirical problems with this analysis is that there is a case, pointed out in Takahashi (2020), where focus movement out of an elided CP (a phase) is possible in Japanese. By reformulating Bošković’s (2014) system in terms of Obata, Epstein and Baptista’s (2015) view that that ordering of rule-application is underspecified in UG, we demonstrate that the ordering between Internal Merge (IM) and Bošković’s ‘Marking for Ellipsis’ (ME) is crucial: in Bošković’s system, ME needs to precede IM, which makes extraction out of CP impossible. If IM precedes ME, on the other hand, extraction out of CP should be equally possible, which enables us to generate Takahashi’s (2020) focus movement case. As a consequence, our analysis clarifies what roles labels play in the interfaces, which supports Chomsky’s (2013) view that labels are necessary for interface interpretation.
The simultaneous production of two grammars: Evidence from bimodal bilinguals
Authors: Tamimi Sa'd Seyyed Hatam , Wilbur Ronnie B.
Published: May 2024

A debated issue in psycholinguistics is whether both languages are active in the bilingual mind that hosts them. We examined this issue in bimodal bilinguals, i.e., individuals competent in one spoken language and one sign language. Signed productions and story-telling data pertaining to declaratives, wh-questions, and negatives from Iranian bilingual speakers of Khuzestani Arabic and Sadat Tawaher Sign Language confirm that they produce two different grammars simultaneously, one via their vocal tract and the other on their hands. This finding provides support for these bilinguals’ double active representation of languages, suspension of articulatory constraints, lack of inhibition, and processing costs.
What language models can tell us about learning adjectives
Authors: Gotowski Megan , Davis Forrest
Published: May 2024

It has been argued that language models (LMs) inform our knowledge of language acquisition. While LMs are claimed to replicate aspects of grammatical knowledge, it remains unclear how this translates to acquisition directly. We ask if a language model trained specifically on child-directed speech (CDS) is able to capture grammatical knowledge of adjectives. Ultimately, our results reveal that what the model is “learning” is how adjectives are distributed in CDS, and not the grammatical properties of different adjective classes. While highlighting the ability of LMs to learn distributional information, these findings suggest that LMs alone cannot explain how children generalize beyond their input.
English coronal stop deletion is categorical not gradient
Authors: Gu Yunting , Peters Ryan
Published: May 2024

English Coronal Stop Deletion (CSD) has been a subject of debate in terms of whether it is categorical or gradient. Previous studies have overlooked the possibility that tongue tip raising during inaudible coronal stop may come from neutral tongue tip position rather than gradient CSD. The current study found that in sentence reading, that much involves word-initial tongue tip raising just prior to [m] that is significantly similar to the tongue tip behavior of much in isolation. We argue that English CSD should be analyzed as categorical deletion and that one can only argue for gradient deletion after considering the neutral position of the tongue tip. More generally, this study suggests that arguing for gradience involves complexities beyond merely noting variations in measurements. Therefore, one may conclude categoricity based on Occam’s razor and only argue for gradience when alternative explanations have been evaluated and suggested so.
The Missionary Voice: Perceptions of an emerging register
Authors: Stanley Joseph A. , Stevenson Josh , Baker-Smemoe Wendy
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we report on what we are calling “Missionary Voice,” or a particular way of speaking characteristic to missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The first study elicits perceptions of Missionary Voice by Latter-day Saints in the Intermountain West without reference to any particular recording or person. We find a complex, multifaceted indexical field as well as potential linguistic features, uses for Missionary Voice, and speculative origins. In the second study, we play audio clips and ask listeners to identify the missionaries among them. While people did no better than chance, we zero in on certain speakers and compile a tentative list of acoustic correlates of Missionary Voice. As this is the first study on the language of Latter-day Saint missionaries, we open more questions than we answer, but we hope to show that Missionary Voice is very much a part of Latter-day Saint culture.
Involvee causatives in Turkish
Authors: Neu Eva , Akkuş Faruk
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate a morphologically but not semantically causative construction in Turkish, which we label ‘involvee causative’ (InvC). In contrast to regular causative, the external argument in InvCs is not interpreted as an agent or causer but as merely being involved in or experiencing the event. Additionally, InvCs also differ from regular causatives in not licensing agent-oriented adverbs, instrument phrases and passivization. In previous research, failure of these diagnostics to apply has been taken as evidence for an unaccusative structure. However, we argue against such an analysis for InvCs and show that the latter contain a thematic Voice head. The above diagnostics, we conclude, are sensitive not only to the syntactic status of the external argument but also to its semantic properties, and are licensed only if the argument receives an agentive interpretation.
The order of OVX and the argument-adjunct distinction
Authors: Tokizaki Hisao , Kuwana Yasutomo
Published: May 2024

As for the order of verb (V), object (O), and oblique (X), Dryer (with Gensler) (2013) finds the asymmetry between VO and OV languages in terms of the position of X: VO languages are almost exclusively VOX, and OV languages are of all three types (XOV, OXV, and OVX). Hawkins (2008) argues that “[t]he OVX languages should be more head-initial and have head ordering correlations more like those of VO” (e.g., preposition: OVX 33%, VO 86%). However, we claim that high percentages of OVX languages have head-final orders unlike VO languages in complement-head orders (e.g., postposition: OVX 67%, VO 14%). We also claim that OVX languages have more head-initial orders than XOV and OXV languages in head-adjunct orders (e.g., Noun-Adjective: OVX 100%, XOV 56%, OXV 67%).  We propose the universal tendency to complement-head-adjunct order.
Realizations of [j] vs. hiatus in different vocalic contexts
Authors: Hogoboom Anya
Published: May 2024

Glide-like formants can arise either through articulation of a glide or through articulation of hiatus, which often results in similar formant movements (e.g. she yachts, she ought). Davidson & Erker (2014) established that the glide-like formant movements are measurably different from actual, phonological glides. The current study compares a wider range of vowel environments to investigate the different realizations of [j]. Analysis of modal V#(j)V sequences finds significant differences in intensity change and duration in most vowel environments examined, and additionally finds significant differences in formant movements for one ambiguous vowel environment. However, the large degree of overlap in acoustic properties is noted, casting doubt that the differences could be strongly disambiguating perceptually. Additionally, this work gives a detailed picture of the multitude of different ways in which a phonological [j] can be acoustically realized.
Reviving Waccamaw Siouan: Reconciling ethics, Indigenous epistemologies, and colonial data archives
Authors: Passmore Elizabeth , Sayers Addie , Bradley Julien , Lomboy Ashley
Published: May 2024

In this paper we discuss our strategies for reviving Waccamaw Siouan, a dormant Eastern Siouan language. We first outline and categorize the challenges of reconciling ethical methodologies with colonial data sets and systems, dividing these issues into six general categories. Next, we suggest specific, action-based tenets, in five categories, for dormant language revival; we argue for creative methodological adaptations to centralize Indigenous epistemologies and ethics while dealing with multiple, incomplete sources of archival data and various logistical hurdles. Ultimately, we contribute to ongoing discussions of language revival methodologies in the Americas, and particularly in first point-of-colonial-contact sites.
What prosody does when morphosyntax is absent: The case of Korean relative clauses
Authors: Jo Jinyoung , Cho Juyeon , Kim Sanghee J. , Jun Sun-Ah
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the role of prosodic information in linguistic interpretation in the absence of an explicit linguistic marker to resolve ambiguity. We particularly focus on the impact of prosody on comprehension of restrictive relative clauses (RRC) and non-restrictive relative clauses (NRC) in Korean, a language that lacks morphosyntactic or orthographic markers that distinguish between RRC and NRC. We hypothesize that narrow focus prosody may be associated with RRC, while broad focus prosody with NRC, which we test in two experiments through a picture selection task (Experiment 1) and an audio selection task (Experiment 2). Results showed that Korean listeners associated narrow focus prosody more often with RRC-biased pictures than NRC-biased pictures, suggesting that prosodic information has an impact on the resolution of syntactic ambiguity in the absence of any explicit linguistic marker. Further investigation suggests that there is variation in the impact of prosody across individuals and their sensitivity to prosody seems to be affected differently depending on the type of task.
The history of the Summer Institute of Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma
Authors: Little Carol Rose
Published: May 2024

I provide an account of the Summer Institute of Linguistics’s (SIL) relationship with the University of Oklahoma (OU) from 1942–1987. SIL ended its linguistics summer sessions at OU in 1987 when legal issues were brought up about a public institution supporting an organization with openly evangelical roots. I conclude by revisiting questions raised in Dobrin’s (2009) collection on the relationship between SIL and secular linguistics.
KOMUNIKASI, INFORMASI DAN EDUKASI TENTANG CINTA, PACARAN DAN SEKS PADA REMAJA
Authors: Alvian Rica , Maharani Monika Novia , Ningrum Nurul Silviana , Syamti Ervyta Novya , Wardani Tatia Eka , Budi Ahmad Indra Setya , Yuwanti Yuwanti
Published: May 2024

Adolescence as a transition period from childhood to adulthood is a period characterized by physical changes and psychological changes. One of the psychological changes in adolescence is to have an attraction to the opposite sex. Attraction to the opposite sex begins with an introduction that can create a bond of love, then courtship and the emergence of sexual behavior that can be misinterpreted because at this time the physiological condition of adolescents is still unstable and immature. Responden of this community service is adolescents.
These changes cause demands for adolescents to be able to adapt. One of the physical changes that occur in adolescents is the period of puberty which affects the psychological changes of adolescents. Interest in the opposite sex is one of the changes that occur in adolescents. Curiosity and encouragement to try / be interested in this one thing requires guidance through proper communication, information and education. Adolescent knowledge about good reproductive health is related to attitudes in healthy dating
PENYULUHAN HIPERTENSI DAN BAKSOS PEMBERIAN TERAPI BEKAM (HIJAMAH) PADA PASIEN DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI DESA CARUBAN WELERI
Authors: Sonyorini Sri Hesthi , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: May 2024

Hypertension is one of the ten biggest diseases in the world, especially in Indonesia. Hypertension is the silent killer because this disease can affect all organs of the body and if it is not controlled, complications can arise from other disease, one of which is stroke. Prevention that can be done is by checking, treating and doing cupping therapy on a regular basis. The purpose of this service is to increase knowledge and awareness of hypertensive patients about non-pharmacological treatment and management ofof hypertension, namely cupping. The forms of activities carried out are counseling and cupping therapy demonstrations at residents homes in the village of Caruban Weleri. The counseling activities that were carried out went well, the participantins seemed enthusiastic in participating in the counseling activities. This is evidenced by the activities running in an orderly and orderly manner, the participants enthusiastically listening to counseling and demonstration/practices of cupping and ending with a photo with the service team.
Differences in Quality of Work Life (QWL) Reviewed from Production and Marketing Employees in a Company
Authors: Indriany Iskandar Gina
Published: May 2024

This research examined differences in the quality of work life for production and marketing employees. Quality of Work Life (QWL) is a general system and concept that connects the potential of human resources in an organization as a leader's effort to meet the needs of members and the organization continuously. Quality of work life is a significant issue that deserves organizational attention. Production employees work in a company and are responsible for making or producing production goods to be sold for salary or wages. Marketing employees are people whose job is to plan, set prices, promote, and distribute products, services, and ideas that can satisfy market desires to achieve organizational goals. The research method used was quantitative, with a sample of 80 respondents. Data collection was carried out using the quality of work life scale. The research results show no difference in the quality of work life between production and marketing employees. The research results also show that the quality of work life for production and marketing employees is medium.
Detection of Phishing Websites
Authors: C S Avaneesh , Ganapathy S Varun , E Vasanth , . Ranjeethapriya
Published: May 2024

Phishing is a cyber attack in which an attacker creates a copy of an existing web page to trick users into submitting personal, financial or password information, making them think that this is the real website that everyone uses. The strategy followed here is an edge server-based anti-phishing algorithm called “Link Guard” uses the property of hyperlinks in phishing attacks. The purpose of this Link Guard algorithm is to find phishing emails sent by phishers to obtain information about end users. Link Guard carefully analyzes the characteristics of phishing hyperlinks. That's why all end users use it using the Link Guard algorithm. By doing this, end users catch and don’t respond tp phishing emails. Because Link Guard is based not only on the detection and prevention of phishing attacks, but also on unknown attacks. This project uses PHP and MySQL server. The program uses a link protection method that detects phishing content based on the characteristics of phishing hyperlinks. In the hyperlink distribution method, important information is collected from victims; Phishers often try to trick users into clicking on hyperlinks embedded in phishing emails. The link protection algorithm works by analyzing the difference between apparent links and real links. The Link Guard algorithm also evaluates similarity to established trustworthy sources. The Link Guard algorithm functions by initially extracting DNS names from both genuine and apparent DNS names, followed by a comparison between the two sets of DNS names.
Vertical Farming System Based on IoT
Authors: Rao M Bhaskar , S Sindhu , V Reddy Vindhya , Ali Afroz , S Amulya
Published: May 2024

The comprehensive analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated vertical farming system, focusing on the monitoring and optimization of environmental parameters critical for plant growth. Real-time data on variables like flow rates, water quality, temperature, humidity, and moisture levels are provided by the system. It uses a variety of sensors, including as flow, pH, turbidity, ultrasonic, and DHT11 (Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor) sensors, to achieve this. The system can maintain optimal growing conditions, according to sensor data insights, but they also highlight the necessity of precise irrigation control to account for differences in moisture content. The study demonstrates how IoT-driven vertical farming systems have the potential to transform conventional agricultural processes, promoting sustainability and productivity.
NGC 1856: Using Machine Learning Techniques to Uncover Detailed Stellar Abundances from MUSE Data
Authors: Asa’d Randa , Hernandez S. , John J. M , Alfaro-Cuello M. , Wang Z. , As’ad A. , Vasini A. , Matteucci F.
Published: May 2024

We present the first application of the novel approach based on data-driven machine learning methods applied to Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) field data to derive stellar abundances of star clusters. MUSE has been used to target more than 10,000 fields, and it is unique in its ability to study dense stellar fields such as stellar clusters providing spectra for each individual star. We use MUSE data of the extragalactic young stellar cluster NGC 1856, located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We present the individual stellar [Fe/H] abundance of 327 cluster members in addition to [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [C/Fe], [Ni/Fe], and [Cr/Fe] abundances of subsample sets. Our results match the LMC abundances obtained in the literature for [Mg/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [Ni/Fe], and [Cr/Fe]. This study is the first to derive [Si/Fe] and [C/Fe] abundances for this cluster. The revolutionary combination of integral-field spectroscopy and data-driven modeling will allow us to understand the chemical enrichment of star clusters and their host galaxies in greater detail expanding our understanding of galaxy evolution.
Evidence of a Strong 19.5 Hz Flux Oscillation in Swift BAT and Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Data from GRB 211211A
Authors: Chirenti Cecilia , Dichiara Simone , Lien Amy , Miller M. Coleman
Published: May 2024

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 211211A is believed to have occurred due to the merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, despite its duration of more than a minute. Subsequent analysis has revealed numerous interesting properties including the possible presence of a ∼22 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) during precursor emission. Here we perform timing analysis of Fermi and Swift gamma-ray data on GRB 211211A and, although we do not find a strong QPO during the precursor, we do find an extremely significant 19.5 Hz flux oscillation, which has higher fractional amplitude at higher energies, in a ∼0.2 s segment beginning ∼1.6 s after the start of the burst. After presenting our analysis we discuss possible mechanisms for the oscillation.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Key Results
Authors: Shen Yue , Grier Catherine J. , Horne Keith , Stone Zachary , Li Jennifer I. , Yang Qian , Homayouni Yasaman , Trump Jonathan R. , Anderson Scott F. , Brandt W. N. , Hall Patrick B. , Ho Luis C. , Jiang Linhua , Petitjean Patrick , Schneider Donald P. , Tao Charling , Donnan Fergus. R. , AlSayyad Yusra , Bershady Matthew A. , Blanton Michael R. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Bundy Kevin , Chen Yuguang , Davis Megan C. , Dawson Kyle , Fan Xiaohui , Greene Jenny E. , Gröller Hannes , Guo Yucheng , Ibarra-Medel Héctor , Jiang Yuanzhe , Keenan Ryan P. , Kollmeier Juna A. , Lejoly Cassandra , Li Zefeng , de la Macorra Axel , Moe Maxwell , Nie Jundan , Rossi Graziano , Smith Paul S. , Tee Wei Leong , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Xu Jiachuan , Yue Minghao , Zhou Xu , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu
Published: May 2024

We present the final data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Reverberation Mapping (RM) project, a precursor to the SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper RM program. This data set includes 11 yr photometric and 7 yr spectroscopic light curves for 849 broad-line quasars over a redshift range of 0.1 < z < 4.5 and a luminosity range of L
bol = 1044−47.5 erg s−1, along with spectral and variability measurements. We report 23, 81, 125, and 110 RM lags (relative to optical continuum variability) for broad Hα, Hβ, Mg ii, and C iv using the SDSS-RM sample, spanning much of the luminosity and redshift ranges of the sample. Using 30 low-redshift RM active galactic nuclei with dynamical-modeling black hole masses, we derive a new estimate of the average virial factor of

log
f

=
0.62
±
0.07

for the line dispersion measured from the rms spectrum. The intrinsic scatter of individual virial factors is 0.31 ± 0.07 dex, indicating a factor of 2 systematic uncertainty in RM black hole masses. Our lag measurements reveal significant R–L relations for Hβ and Mg ii at high redshift, consistent with the latest measurements based on heterogeneous samples. While we are unable to robustly constrain the slope of the R–L relation for C iv given the limited dynamic range in luminosity, we found substantially larger scatter in C iv lags at fixed L
1350. Using the SDSS-RM lag sample, we derive improved single-epoch (SE) mass recipes for Hβ, Mg ii, and C iv, which are consistent with their respective RM masses as well as between the SE recipes from two different lines, over the luminosity range probed by our sample. The new Hβ and Mg ii recipes are approximately unbiased estimators at given RM masses, but there are systematic biases in the C iv recipe. The intrinsic scatter of SE masses around RM masses is ∼0.45 dex for Hβ and Mg ii, increasing to ∼0.58 dex for C iv.
Morphological and molecular identification for four new wood-inhabiting species of Trechispora (Basidiomycota) from China
Authors: Luo Kai-Yue , Su Jiang-Qing , Zhao Chang-Lin
Published: May 2024

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Trechispora albofarinosa, T. bisterigmata, T. pileata and T. wenshanensisspp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Trechispora albofarinosa is characterized by the farinose basidiomata with flocculence hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid, warted basidiospores. Trechispora bisterigmata is characterized by the membranous basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, rhizomorphic sterile margin, barrelled basidia and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora pileata is characterized by the laterally contracted base, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, fan shaped pileus, radially striate-covered surface with appressed scales, odontioid hymenophore surface, and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora wenshanensis is characterized by a cottony basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and LSU marker of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS+nLSU sequences highlighted that four new species were grouped into the genus Trechispora.
Coating methotrexate-PLGA nanoparticles with folic acid-chitosan conjugate for cancer targeting
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba , Altawabeyeh Rowaida , S. Darweesh Ruba , Alnabulsi Soraya
Published: May 2024

Background: Loading Methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic agent, in a nanocarrier can improve its efficacy and lower its side effects. Both PLGA and chitosan were used to formulate Methotrexate nanoparticles. Folate acts as a targeting ligand for anticancer medications. Therefore, folate, chitosan, and PLGA were used to deliver methotrexate.

Methods: Folic acid and Chitosan (FA-CS) were conjugated and used to coat Methotrexate-PLGA nanoparticles. The conjugate and the nanoparticles were characterized using Zetasizer to test particle size, polydispersity and charge, SEM was used to test particles’ morphology. Both %EE and %LC of MTX in the NPs were measured. Finally, MTX release and the system cytotoxicity were tested in vitro.

Results: FTIR, NMR, and XRD proved the successful formation of FA-CS, and the formation of the coated nanoparticles. The particles were spherical with a size ~385 nm, a disparity ~0.27, and a charge ~+15 mV. The %EE and the % LC were 79% and 21.2%, respectively. In vitro release studies revealed nearly complete MTX release after 48 h. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the formulation components are safe and that the incorporation of MTX within the nanoparticles enhanced the drug’s cytotoxic effect in comparison to the free drug.

Conclusion: loading of MTX in the NPs enhances its chemotherapeutic effect, hence, this system can be used to target carcinogenic cells.
Which Educational Topics and Smartphone App Functions Are Prioritized by US Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases? A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Nowell William B. , Gavigan Kelly , Garza Kimberly , O’Beirne Ronan , Safford Monika , George Michael , Ogdie Alexis , Walsh Jessica A. , Danila Maria I. , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Stradford Laura , Rivera Esteban , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2024

Objective

We sought to identify (1) what types of information US adults with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) perceive as most important to know about their disease, and (2) what functions they would use in an RMD-specific smartphone app.

Methods

Nominal groups with patients with RMD were conducted using online tools to generate a list of needed educational topics. Based on nominal group results, a survey with final educational items was administered online, along with questions about desired functions of a smartphone app for RMD and wearable use, to patients within a large community rheumatology practice–based research network and the PatientSpot registry. Chi-square tests and multivariate regression models were used to determine differences in priorities between groups of respondents with rheumatic inflammatory conditions (RICs) and osteoarthritis (OA), and possible associations.

Results

At least 80% of respondents considered finding a rheumatologist, understanding tests and medications, and quickly recognizing and communicating symptoms to doctors as extremely important educational topics. The highest-ranked topic for both RIC and OA groups was “knowing when the medication is not working.” The app functions that most respondents considered useful were viewing laboratory results, recording symptoms to share with their rheumatology provider, and recording symptoms (eg, pain, fatigue) or disease flares for health tracking over time. Approximately one-third of respondents owned and regularly used a wearable activity tracker.

Conclusion

People with RMD prioritized information about laboratory test results, medications, and disease and symptom monitoring, which can be used to create educational and digital tools that support patients during their disease journey.
Patient Perspectives on a Decision Aid for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights and Future Considerations
Authors: Karabukayeva Aizhan , Hearld Larry R. , Choi Seongwon , Singh Jasvinder A.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. A decision aid (DA) for SLE was developed and implemented in 15 rheumatology clinics throughout the United States. This study explored the experiences of patients who viewed the DA to understand how patients engage with and respond to the SLE DA.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of 24 patients during May to July 2022.

Results

Patients recognized the value of the SLE DA in providing general knowledge about SLE and different treatment options. However, patients expressed a desire for more comprehensive lifestyle information to better manage their condition. Another theme was the importance of having multiple formats available to cater to their different needs, as well as tailoring the DA to different stages of SLE.

Conclusion

This study contributes to a broader understanding of how to provide patient-centered care for patients with SLE by offering practical insights that can inform the development of more effective, patient-centric health information technologies for managing chronic diseases, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Overall, this study underscores the significance of optimizing both the information content and determining the appropriate delivery of the tool for its future sustainability.
Evaluating Factors Associated With Telehealth Appropriateness in Outpatient Rheumatoid Arthritis Encounters Using the Encounter Appropriateness Score for You (EASY)
Authors: Smith Isaac D. , Solomon Mary J. , Mulder Hillary , Sims Catherine , Coles Theresa M. , Overton Robert , Economou-Zavlanos Nicoleta , Zhao Rong , Adagarla Bhargav , Doss Jayanth , Henao Ricardo , Clowse Megan E.B. , Bosworth Hayden , Leverenz David L.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Telehealth has been proposed as a safe and effective alternative to in-person care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with telehealth appropriateness in outpatient RA encounters.

Methods

A prospective cohort study (January 1, 2021, to August 31, 2021) was conducted using electronic health record data from outpatient RA encounters in a single academic rheumatology practice. Rheumatology providers rated the telehealth appropriateness of their own encounters using the Encounter Appropriateness Score for You (EASY) immediately following each encounter. Robust Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations modeling was used to evaluate the association of telehealth appropriateness with patient demographics, RA clinical characteristics, comorbid noninflammatory causes of joint pain, previous and current encounter characteristics, and provider characteristics.

Results

During the study period, 1823 outpatient encounters with 1177 unique patients with RA received an EASY score from 25 rheumatology providers. In the final multivariate model, factors associated with increased telehealth appropriateness included higher average provider preference for telehealth in prior encounters (relative risk [RR] 1.26, 95% CI 1.21-1.31), telehealth as the current encounter modality (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.95-2.64), and increased patient age (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09). Factors associated with decreased telehealth appropriateness included moderate (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96) and high (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.46-0.70) RA disease activity and if the previous encounters were conducted by telehealth (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95).

Conclusion

In this study, telehealth appropriateness was most associated with provider preference, the current and previous encounter modality, and RA disease activity. Other factors like patient demographics, RA medications, and comorbid noninflammatory causes of joint pain were not associated with telehealth appropriateness.
The Burden of Spine Structural Damage on Function in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Adaptation-Mediated Uncoupling?
Authors: Penteado Marcela Paula Santos , Resende Gustavo Gomes , da Cruz Lage Ricardo , Tavares Wilson Campos , de Souza Bueno Filho Júlio Silvio , Ferreira Gilda Aparecida
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between spinal damage and functional capacity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to compare the performance of 2 radiographic scores (modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score [mSASSS] and Combined Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score [CASSS]).

Methods

Radiographs from 101 patients with axSpA were scored for cervical facet joints (CFJ) and mSASSS for vertebral bodies. CASSS was calculated as the sum of both scores. Physical function was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); disease activity by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS); mobility by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI); and quality of life by Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between possible explanatory variables and outcomes.

Results

BASFI correlated strongly with ASQOL (Spearman ρ 0.66) and BASDAI (ρ 0.70), moderately with BASMI (ρ 0.46) and ASDAS (ρ 0.59), and weakly with mSASSS (ρ 0.29) and CASSS (ρ 0.28). A best-fit multivariate model for BASFI, adjusted for symptom duration, age, sex, and smoking status, included BASDAI (B0.76,P< 0.001), BASMI (B0.62,P< 0.001), and history of total hip arthroplasty (B1.22,P= 0.05). Radiographic scores were predictors of BASFI only when BASMI was removed from the model (mSASSS:B0.03,P= 0.01; CASSS:B0.02,P= 0.01).

Conclusion

Spinal damage was independently associated with physical function in axSpA, but to a lesser extent than disease activity and mobility. Moreover, incorporating CFJ assessment in the mSASSS did not improve the ability to predict function.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound With Artificial Intelligence–Driven Diagnostics in Giant Cell Arteritis: Blindness Prevention on a Global Scale
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha , Das Saurav , Keshavamurthy Suresh
Published: May 2024

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common autoimmune systemic vasculitis of older adults.1Typically, it affects individuals 50 years and older, and more women than men. The lifetime risk of GCA for women is 1% and 0.5% for men.
A further study on an attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system with logistic source
Authors: Du Wanjuan
Published: May 2024

This paper is concerned with the attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system (1.1) define on a bounded domain $ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N(N\geq 1) $ with no-flux boundary conditions. The source function $ f $ in this system is a smooth function $ f $ that satisfies $ f(u)\leq a-bu^\eta $ for $ u\geq0 $. It is proven that $ \eta\geq1 $ is sufficient to ensure the boundedness of the solution when $ r < \frac{4(N+1)}{N(N+2)} $ is in the balance case $ \chi\alpha = \xi\gamma $, which improve the relevant results presented in papers such as Li and Xiang (2016), Xu and Zheng (2018), Xie and Zheng (2021), and Tang, Zheng and Li (2023).
Leukemoid reaction in paraplegic male with pressure injuries: A case report
Authors: Bilal Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Leukemoid reaction is defined as leukocytosis of more than 50 × 103 cells/µL of blood, which is a physiological response to stress or infections, as opposed to a primary blood malignancy (leukemia). It is seen in various conditions including sepsis, burns, and inflammatory states associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Here, we report a 40-year-old cachexic and paraplegic male who presented with a leukemoid reaction and pressure injuries at the gluteal region with a total leukocyte count (TLC) of 103 × 103 cells/µL of blood and reactive thrombocytosis. A bone marrow (BM) examination revealed no malignancy. With the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the TLC after two weeks at the time of discharge was reduced to 18.83 × 103 cells/µL of blood and the patient was referred to surgical unit for further management of pressure injuries. BM examination is mandatory in patients with suspected malignancies; however, for bed-bound patients with longer durations, pressure injuries should be inspected and treated with broad spectrum antibiotics before performing invasive procedures such as a BM examination.