bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is pre‐fibrotic myelofibrosis and how should it be managed in 2018?
Authors: Curto‐Garcia Natalia , Ianotto Jean‐Christophe , Harrison Claire N.
Published: October 2018

The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) divided myelofibrosis (MF) into pre‐fibrotic (pre‐MF) and overt‐MF categories. This new classification, particularly the entity pre‐MF, has been a subject of discussion between experts. Important questions have been raised in recent years, such as the need for bone marrow trephine for diagnosis; how this is interpreted and the weighting given to it in assigning a diagnosis; determination of prognosis for pre‐MF patients; including which scoring system to use and, ultimately, an evidence‐based management plan for this group of patients. Many pre‐MF patients present as young adults, with thrombocytosis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels and increased bone marrow fibrosis (i.e. ≥ grade 1). Current management strategies differ in view of age, comorbidities and bone marrow features and the opinion of the managing clinicians. Prognostic scoring systems have some limitations regarding this entity, and at the present time there is limited information about the overall survival and incidence of progression to overt‐MF and acute leukaemia for pre‐MF. In this clinically focussed article, we review the main characteristics of this new disease category in view of the current published literature and illustrate our discussion with some real patient cases. Lastly, we propose a management strategy for patients to whom this diagnostic label is applied.
A cross‐national analysis of sex differences in prisoner's dilemma games
Authors: Dorrough Angela R. , Glöckner Andreas
Published: October 2018

In a comprehensive cross‐national study involving samples from 12 different countries that were representative for the adult populations in terms of age and sex (N = 2,429), we found that women cooperate significantly less overall than men in fully incentivized one‐shot prisoner's dilemma games. This gender gap in cooperation can be explained by the fact that women hold lower expectations regarding the cooperativeness of their anonymous interaction partners. These results contradict both the common stereotype that women are more communal, caring, emotionally expressive, and warm than men and substantial empirical evidence showing that women act more prosocially in many contexts.
Sedimentary architecture of a glaciolacustrine braidplain delta: proxy evidence of a pre‐Middle Wisconsinan glaciation (Grimshaw gravels, Interior Plains, Canada)
Authors: Slomka Jessica M. , Hartman Gregory M. D.
Published: October 2018

The erosional nature of glacial systems commonly results in removal of direct evidence of previous glaciation (e.g. till and moraine). Therefore, reconstruction of former ice‐margin positions may rely, in part, on indirect (proxy) evidence from the sedimentary record. This study examines the facies and sedimentary architecture of a pre‐Middle Wisconsinan sand and gravel deposit (the ‘Grimshaw gravels’), which is positioned between areas where previous stratigraphical investigations have identified single (Late Wisconsinan) and multiple (pre‐Middle to Late Wisconsinan) glaciation by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Five facies associations (FAs) are characterized within the deposit, which, together with the sedimentary architecture, record a transition from a braided river environment in the west (FA1‐3) to a gravelly braidplain delta front in the east (FA4 and 5). We propose that the Grimshaw gravels braid delta formed at the margin of a body of water that occupied the ancestral Peace River valley, probably impounded by the LIS; hence, the Grimshaw braid delta provides proxy evidence of the presence of an ice margin (previously unrecognized) in the Peace River lowland prior to the Middle Wisconsinan. This study provides further understanding of the origin of the Grimshaw gravels deposit, allowing re‐evaluation of previous models of formation. These findings offer insight into the glacial history of the southwestern margin of the LIS, and may help to refine ice‐sheet reconstructions spanning the Wisconsinan glaciation.
Commentary: PDA ‐ what's in a name? Dimensions of difficulty in children reported to have an ASD and features of extreme/pathological demand avoidance: a commentary on O'Nions et al. (2017)
Authors: Malik Osman , Baird Gillian
Published: October 2018

Pathological demand avoidance (PDA), a term first used by Elizabeth Newson in the 1980s, refers to a collection of behaviours that children will demonstrate to avoid instructions (and tasks) that they perceive as demands. These children are postulated to be averse to anything that is perceived as a demand placed on them. PDA features are commonly encountered in children with autism but PDA is not a subtype of autism nor a separately diagnosed mental, behavioural or developmental disorder in any of the major classification systems (ICD‐10 or DSM‐5). Such behaviours are not confined to children with autism and debate continues regarding its existence as a distinct phenomenon and if such a phenotype exists whether it is merely a part of autism or a separate condition. We comment on O'Nions and colleagues’ study that explores common themes/behavioural traits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who also fit the phenotypic description of PDA. We explore how the current classification systems capture features of PDA in autism with diagnoses of common comorbidities in ASD (such as disruptive behaviour/conduct disorders, OCD and anxiety), but to many clinicians and parents this seems an inadequate description. What remains to be explored are the trans‐diagnostic temperamental and cognitive traits of children with PDA features, such as cognitive rigidity and intolerance of uncertainty. It is important to understand why some children are demand avoidant and identification of these factors (individual and systemic) helps in management much more than classifying them with an additional label. O'Nions et al. have helpfully provided further insight into several underpinning traits/dimensions of children with PDA features; understanding these will help develop effective strategies for parenting demand‐avoidant children.
Editorial Perspective: Based on current evidence, should mental health clinicians assess children for substance use initiation and substance use disorders?
Authors: Lange Stephen M.
Published: October 2018

This perspective summarizes weaknesses in our understanding of childhood use of alcohol and other drugs, providing recommendations for future research directions and clinical practice.
Randomized controlled clinical study of veneered zirconia abutments for single implant crowns: Clinical, histological, and microbiological outcomes
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Sailer Irena , Mühlemann Sven , Gil Alfonso , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To analyze the effect of veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments and the type of retention (cemented vs screw‐retained) on clinical, microbiological, and histological outcomes of single‐tooth implant crowns.

Material and Methods

A total of 44 patients with a single missing tooth to be replaced by an implant in the anterior region participated in the study. Implants were randomly assigned to receive zirconia‐based CAD/CAM reconstructions using either one of four treatment modalities: cement‐retained with submucosal veneering (CR‐P), cement‐retained without submucosal veneering (CR‐W), screw‐retained with submucosal veneering (SR‐P), and screw‐retained without submucosal veneering (SR‐W). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline (after crown insertion), at 6 and 12 months. Histological and microbiological analyses were performed at 6 months. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal‐Wallis test were applied.

Results

The clinical evaluation revealed, in general, stable peri‐implant soft tissues with minimal differences for all measured parameters between the four groups, except for bleeding on probing with the two cemented groups exhibiting higher values at 12 months (35.0% ± 26.5% for CR‐W and 25.0% ± 38.8% for CR‐P versus 13.1 ± 14.8 for SR‐W and 13.0 ± 18.2 for SR‐P). The descriptive and semi‐quantitative histology showed a trend for a higher inflammatory reaction in the two cemented (a medium to high number of inflammatory cells) compared to the screw‐retained groups (low number of inflammatory cells) at 6 months. The microbiological test demonstrated low bacterial counts and a similar distribution in between the groups except for two species (Tannerella forsythia and Peptostreptococcus micros) that were found in higher counts in the cemented groups at 6 months.

Conclusion

Submucosal veneering of zirconia abutments did not negatively affect the health of the peri‐implant tissues. The cemented groups, though, did show a clinical and histological trend to higher levels of inflammation.
The diagnosis of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review on the predictive value of bleeding on probing
Authors: Hashim Dena , Cionca Norbert , Combescure Christophe , Mombelli Andrea
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Bleeding on gentle probing (BOP) is the key parameter to the diagnosis of mucositis, while changes in crestal bone levels, along with clinical signs of inflammation, are required for the diagnosis of peri‐implantitis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis focused on the evaluation of BOP as a predictive measure for peri‐implantitis.

Materials and methods

An electronic search was performed through Medline and EMBASE databases, followed by a hand search through previous reviews and reference lists. Screening, study selection, data extraction and evaluation of publication bias were conducted by two independent examiners. Clinical studies reporting on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis, BOP and/or suppuration (SUP) after more than 1 year of functional loading were selected. Meta‐analyses were conducted to combine the proportions of peri‐implantitis among BOP‐ and/or SUP‐positive subjects and implants across studies. Subgroups were created and compared to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Thirty‐one studies were selected for analysis. Inconsistent definitions of peri‐implantitis were reported across the studies. Twenty‐nine studies reported data on implant‐level and twenty publications reported on subject‐level. The combined proportion of peri‐implantitis was 24.1% (95% CI 19.3–29.7) in BOP‐positive implants and 33.8% (95% CI 26.7–41.6) for BOP‐positive cases. However, the degree of variability among studies was high; the prediction intervals were 10.3‐69.3 and 6.9‐57.8, respectively. Evidence of asymmetry or publication bias could not be statistically detected. Short observation periods were significantly associated with lower proportions of peri‐implantitis among BOP‐positive implants.

Conclusions

For BOP‐positive implants, there was a 24.1% chance to be diagnosed with peri‐implantitis; while for BOP‐positive patients, there was a 33.8% probability to be diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. This probability varied across study populations. Clinicians should be aware of the considerable false‐positive rate of BOP to diagnose peri‐implantitis.
Group 3 ITI Consensus Report: Patient‐reported outcome measures associated with implant dentistry
Authors: Feine Jocelyne , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Al Mardini Majd , de Santana Ronaldo Barcelllos , Bjelke‐Holtermann Trine , Bornstein Michael M. , Braegger Urs , Cao Olivia , Cordaro Luca , Eycken Didier , Fillion Mathieu , Gebran Georges , Huynh‐Ba Guy , Joda Tim , Levine Robert , Mattheos Nikos , Oates Thomas W. , Abd‐Ul‐Salam Hani , Santosa Robert , Shahdad Shakeel , Storelli Stefano , Sykaras Nikitas , Treviño Santos Alejandro , Stephanie Webersberger Ulrike , Williams Mary Ann H. , Wilson Thomas G. , Wismeijer Daniel , Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Yao Coral Jie , Zubiria Juan Pablo Villareal
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The aim of Working Group 3 was to focus on three topics that were assessed using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). These topics included the following: (a) the aesthetics of tooth and implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses focusing on partially edentulous patients, (b) a comparison of fixed and removable implant‐retained prostheses for edentulous populations, and (c) immediate versus early/conventional loading of immediately placed implants in partially edentate patients. PROMs include ratings of satisfaction and oral health‐related quality of life (QHRQoL), as well as other indicators, that is, pain, general health‐related quality of life (e.g., SF‐36).

Materials and methods

The Consensus Conference Group 3 participants discussed the findings of the three systematic review manuscripts. Following comprehensive discussions, participants developed consensus statements and recommendations that were then discussed in larger plenary sessions. Following this, any necessary modifications were made and approved.

Results

Patients were very satisfied with the aesthetics of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses and the surrounding mucosa. Implant neck design, restorative material, or use of a provisional restoration did not influence patients’ ratings. Edentulous patients highly rate both removable and fixed implant‐supported prostheses. However, they rate their ability to maintain their oral hygiene significantly higher with the removable prosthesis. Both immediate provisionalization and conventional loading receive positive patient‐reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Patient‐reported outcome measures should be gathered in every clinical study in which the outcomes of oral rehabilitation with dental implants are investigated. PROMs, such as patients’ satisfaction and QHRQoL, should supplement other clinical parameters in our clinical definition of success.
Early histological, microbiological, radiological, and clinical response to cemented and screw‐retained all‐ceramic single crowns
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Wolleb Karin , Bienz Stefan P. , Wiedemeier Daniel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Sailer Irena
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To assess the early histological, microbiological, radiological, and clinical response to cemented and screw‐retained all‐ceramic single‐tooth implant‐supported reconstructions.

Materials and methods

Patients with single‐tooth implants were randomly allocated to receive a cemented lithium disilicate crown on a customized zirconia abutment (CEM) or a screw‐retained crown with a directly veneered zirconia abutment (SCREW). At the screening visit, at crown insertion and at the 6‐month follow‐up, clinical parameters were measured at the implant and the contralateral tooth. Marginal bone levels, technical parameters, and esthetic outcomes were measured at the implants. At the 6‐month follow‐up, a microbiological test was performed and a soft tissue biopsy was harvested at the implants for histological analysis. Inflammatory cells and fibroblasts/‐cytes were analyzed at the level of the sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue. The histological parameters were analyzed by means of a linear mixed model.

Results

Thirty‐three patients completed the study, and implant and crown survival rates were 100% at 6 months. Histologically, the number of inflammatory cells tended to be higher in group CEM (p > 0.05). Moreover, significantly less inflammatory cells and fibroblasts/‐cytes were found in the sulcular epithelium compared to the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue (p < 0.001). Four patients were tested positive for periodontal marker pathogens at the 6‐month follow‐up, and three of them belonged to group CEM. From crown insertion to the 6‐month follow‐up, median marginal bone levels changed only minimally and measured 0.31 and 0.32 mm in group CEM and 0.47 and 0.36 mm in group SCREW, respectively. Clinical and esthetic parameters remained stable over time and were comparable between natural teeth and implants as well as between the groups.

Conclusions

Cemented reconstructions were associated with more inflammatory cells, and more patients were diagnosed with periodonto‐pathogens. Both types of reconstructions resulted in similar radiological (marginal bone levels) and clinical outcomes (bleeding on probing and probing depth).
Utility of CD30, Ki‐67, and p53 in assisting with the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation
Authors: Raghavan Shyam S. , Hong Eric K. , Kim Youn H. , Kim Jinah
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Mycosis fungoides (MF) with large cell transformation (LCT) is an advanced stage of cutaneous lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Identification of LCT is critical and especially challenging when the number of large abnormal lymphocytes is near but below 25%. We propose that Ki‐67 and p53 may be useful in making this diagnosis.

Methods

We identified 17 patients with advanced stage (T3 or T4) MF without LCT and 38 patients with a biopsy‐confirmed new diagnosis of MF with LCT treated at our institution's cutaneous lymphoma clinic from 2012 to 2016. Seventeen patients underwent 22 biopsies with advanced stage MF (control), and 38 patients with 46 biopsies of MF with LCT were included in this study.

Results

The MF cohort had an average CD30 expression of 4%, while the MF‐LCT cohort had an average CD30 expression of 22% (P < 0.05). The MF cohort had an average Ki‐67 staining of 13%, while the MF‐LCT group had an average Ki‐67 staining of 57% (P < 0.05). Forty‐seven percent of the MF‐LCT group was positive for p53; on the other hand, none of the MF control group showed increased p53 expression (P < 0.05).

Discussion

While CD30 shows some value in delineating large cell transformation, Ki‐67 and p53 appear to be useful immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of LCT.
Generalized fixed drug eruption mimicking CD8+ cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma in HIV
Authors: Jacobsen Emilie , Tarabadkar Erica S. , Shinohara Michi M.
Published: October 2018

We present a case of a widespread fixed drug eruption histologically mimicking CD8 positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). CTCL has several potential histological and clinical mimics, and accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinicopathological correlation and molecular studies. We add generalized fixed drug eruption to the list of possible CTCL mimics.
Right superior caval vein to the left atrium in a child with vein of Galen malformation
Authors: Relan Jay , Gupta Saurabh K. , Saxena Anita
Published: October 2018

Vein of Galen malformation (VGM) is a rare intracranial vascular malformation. High output heart failure is common in infancy and is characterized by dilatation of all the cardiac chambers. We report an unusual case of VGM in a 3‐month‐old infant without dilatation of the right‐sided cardiac chambers. We then demonstrate importance of comprehensive evaluation in detecting rare coexistence of anomalous right superior caval vein connection to the left atrium.
The River Network Toolkit – RivTool
Authors: Duarte Gonçalo , Segurado Pedro , Oliveira Tiago , Haidvogl Gertrud , Pont Didier , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Branco Paulo
Published: October 2018

Freshwater ecosystems are some of the most endangered environments in the world, being affected at multiple scales by the surrounding landscape and human activities therein. Effective research, conservation and management of these ecosystems requires integrating environmental and landscape data with hierarchic river networks by means of summarisation and synthesis of information for large and comprehensive areas at different scales (e.g. basin, sub‐basin, upstream drainage area). The dendritic nature of river networks, the need to tackle multiple scales and the ever‐growing sources of digital information (e.g. temperature or land use data grids) have increasingly led to hardly manageable processing time and stringent hardware requirements when integrating and working with this information. Here we present the River Network Toolkit (RivTool), a software that uses only tabular data to derive and calculate new information at multiple scales for riverine landscapes. It uses data from linear hierarchical river networks and the environmental/landscape data from their respective drainage areas. The software allows the acquisition of: 1) information that characterises river networks based on its topographic nature; 2) data obtained via mathematical calculations that account for the hierarchical and network nature of these systems; and 3) output information using different spatial data sources (e.g. climatic, land use, topologic) that result from up and downstream summarisations. This user‐friendly software considers two units of analysis (segment and sub‐basin) and is time effective even with large datasets. RivTool facilitates and reduces the time required for extracting information for freshwater ecosystems, and may thus contribute to increase scientific productivity, efficiency and accurateness when generating new or improving existing knowledge on large‐scale patterns and processes in river networks.
Comparative risk of major bleeding with rivaroxaban and warfarin: Population‐based cohort study of unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kohn Christine G. , Bunz Thomas J. , Beyer‐Westendorf Jan , Coleman Craig I.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To assess the association between rivaroxaban and warfarin and major bleeding risk in unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients.

Methods

Using US MarketScan claims from 1/2012‐12/2016, we identified patients who had ≥1 primary hospitalization/emergency department visit diagnosis code for an unprovoked VTE, newly initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin within 30 days after the VTE and ≥12 months of insurance coverage prior to the VTE. Differences in baseline covariates were adjusted using inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weights based on propensity scores (residual absolute standardized differences <0.1 achieved for all covariates). Endpoints included any major, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, intracranial, and other bleeds. Patients were followed for up to 12 months or until endpoint occurrence, index oral anticoagulant discontinuation/switch, insurance disenrollment or end of follow‐up.

Results

We identified 10 489 rivaroxaban and 26 364 warfarin patients with an unprovoked VTE. Upon Cox regression, rivaroxaban reduced patients’ hazard of major bleeding by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8%‐42%), gastrointestinal bleeding by 38% (95% CI = 14%‐55%), and intracranial hemorrhage by 81% (95% CI = 41%‐99%) vs warfarin. No subtype of major bleeding occurred statistically more often in rivaroxaban vs warfarin‐treated patients.

Conclusions

Rivaroxaban was associated with a reduced risk of overall, gastrointestinal, and intracranial major bleeding vs warfarin in unprovoked VTE. No bleeding subtype was significantly more frequent in rivaroxaban patients.
Effect of noise and reverberation on speech recognition and listening effort for older adults
Authors: Kwak Chanbeom , Han Woojae , Lee Jihyeon , Kim Jinsook , Kim Sungkyun
Published: October 2018

Aim

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the speech recognition ability and degree of listening effort for older adults in noisy and reverberating environments.

Methods

A total of 80 participants (40 older and 40 younger adults) participated in a sentence recognition test under 20 conditions with four levels of background noise and five levels of reverberation time. In each condition, the degree of listening effort was self‐reported using a 5‐point Likert scale.

Results

The older and younger groups showed that both the error percentage of the sentence recognition task and scale of the listening effort increased as the background noise and reverberation time increased. In the sentence recognition task, the older group was more affected by the reverberation condition than the noisy background compared with their younger counterparts. For the listening effort, the older group had higher scales than the younger group in all conditions, thereby explaining that they required significant effort during the listening task.

Conclusions

The older adults had poorer speech perception ability and required more listening effort than their younger counterparts in all conditions. Reverberation reversely significantly affected the speech recognition and listening effort for the older adults when compared with the background noise, suggesting that an appropriate level of noise and reverberation should be considered for comfort and a less stressful listening environment for the older adult population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1603–1608.
People's history of climate change
Authors: Das Pallavi V.
Published: October 2018

While social scientific studies have provided useful insights into the phenomenon of climate change, they, however, do not take a historical approach to the impacts of climate change, and people's perception of it. Historians have studied climate and its impact on the whole society but have neglected the everyday experiences and perceptions of climate change within a society such as ordinary people versus the elite perceptions, men versus women's experiences of climate change. Moreover, historians of climate have largely dealt with natural climate change in the distant past, but not with climate change caused by human activities. Since climate change that the world is witnessing in the past century is largely anthropogenic, historians therefore cannot neglect present‐day climate change and its impact on society. Furthermore, although climate change is a global environmental phenomenon, the poor and the marginalized social groups are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change more than others. Hence, climate change and the history of climate change needs to be understood from the perspective of these vulnerable groups in a society. I would, therefore, like to propose a new approach to doing history: people's history of climate change, which will be elaborated in this article.
The relationship between breaking force and hydrophobic interactions or disulfide bonds involved in heat‐induced soy protein gels as affected by heating time and temperature
Authors: Wu Chao , Ma Wuchao , Hua Yufei
Published: October 2018

Hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds involved in heat‐induced soy protein gels were characterised by determining the dissolution kinetics of gels. Reducing SDS‐PAGE results revealed that all proteins in gel network could be dissolved simultaneously by 1% (w/v) SDS solution, while a majority of glycinin (11S) A polypeptide and a moderate amount of 11S‐B polypeptides, 7S‐α′, α, γ, and β subunits were found in 2% (w/v) DTT dissolving samples. Stronger interaction force between proteins in gel network would result in lower dissolution constant rate. The breaking force of soy gels increased from 543 to 2171 gforce with increasing heating temperature from 85 to 100 °C, and denaturation of 11S globulins played an important role in the development of gel network. As increasing heating time from 30 to 120 min, the breaking force of gels increased from 1687 to 2175 gforce, then decreased to 1253 gforce when the time was prolonged to 240 min. Negative correlations were observed between breaking force and dissolution constant rate kSDS or Δk, which suggested that the strengthening of both hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds.
The role of platelet hyperreactivity in venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty in elderly population without pharmacologic prophylaxis: A single‐center study
Authors: Kim Youngmo , Park Youngcheol , Joo Yongbum , Kim Seon Young , Kim Jimyung
Published: October 2018

Introduction

While it is suggested that platelet hyperreactivity plays a role in the arterial thrombi, its link with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not well defined. Aggregometry using low concentrations of agonists is proposed as a reliable method to detect hyperreactivity. The aim of this study was to examine whether platelet hyperreactivity affects the development of VTE after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Total 150 elderly patients without VTE history were enrolled. Mechanical prophylaxis was used for VTE after TKA. We performed platelet aggregation using Chrono‐log (Chrono‐log Corporation, USA) in the presence of low concentrations of ADP (1.0 μmol/L) and epinephrine (0.4, 1.0 μmol/L), and measured maximal aggregation (%).

Results

At 0.4 μmol/L epinephrine, 69.3%, 15.3%, and 15.3% displayed low (<40%), moderate (40‐60%), and high (>60%) levels of aggregation, respectively. The proportion of high level of aggregation was 36.7%, 30.7% at 1.0 μmol/L of epinephrine and ADP, respectively. The incidence of VTE was higher in the moderate/high aggregation group (10/46, 21.7%) than in the low aggregation group (1/104, 1.0%) at 0.4 μmol/L epinephrine (P < 0.0001). In predicting postoperative VTE, sensitivity and specificity of ≥40% aggregation at 0.4 μmol/L epinephrine were 90.9% and 74.1%. Higher mean platelet volume and lower volume of blood loss were seen in the high aggregation group than in the low aggregation group.

Conclusion

Aggregation response to 0.4 μmol/L epinephrine is an optimal assay to classify platelet activity. Platelet hyperreactivity may increase the risk of postoperative VTE in an elderly population, and can be an indication of pharmacologic prophylaxis.
Les déterminants du chômage des jeunes en Europe: facteurs économiques et autres causes
Authors: TOMIĆ Iva
Published: October 2018

L'auteure recherche les déterminants du chômage des jeunes en Europe entre 2002 et 2014 en estimant des modèles sur données de panel pour les 28 États membres de l'UE. Face à l'hétérogénéité entre les pays, elle constitue deux souséchantillons (groupes «taux élevé» et «taux faible»), selon le niveau de chômage. L'analyse permet d'associer le chômage des jeunes à une faible croissance du PIB, un faible poids du secteur de la construction et une dette publique élevée. Parmi les autres déterminants importants figurent la faible mobilité résidentielle (pour cause de propriété du logement), la corruption, les transferts de fonds et la résidence au domicile parental.
El Convenio núm. 189 de la OIT en la Argentina, Chile y Paraguay. Estudio comparado de la regulación del tiempo de trabajo y de la remuneración de las trabajadoras domésticas
Authors: POBLETE Lorena
Published: October 2018

En junio de 2011, la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo adoptó el Convenio núm. 189 sobre el trabajo decente para las trabajadoras y los trabajadores domésticos y su Recomendación núm. 201 asociada. Desde una perspectiva de derecho comparado, este artículo analiza el rol del Convenio en las reformas legislativas de tres países latinoamericanos que lo ratificaron –Argentina, Chile y Paraguay–, centrándose en los debates y controversias que explican cómo sus disposiciones relativas al tiempo de trabajo y a la remuneración fueron incorporadas en las legislaciones nacionales sobre trabajo doméstico remunerado en esos tres países.
Gendered Transnational Ties and Multipolar Economies: Chinese Migrant Women's WeChat Commerce in Taiwan
Authors: Zani Beatrice
Published: October 2018

After a first migration in internal China, Chinese migrant women re‐migrate to Taiwan through marriage. There, to cope with economic discrimination, by exploiting the social networkWeChat, Chinese women produce physical and virtual transnational multipolar economies, connecting the society of departure, China, and of settlement, Taiwan. Engaging with the contemporary debate about migrants’ translocal practices and economic transnationalism, this research article aims at elucidating the link between migration and entrepreneurship, through the case of Chinese migrant women's physical and virtual entrepreneurial activities across the Taiwan Strait. It explores the development of a specific culture of migration and of affections during the two mobility experiences, and the creation of gendered transnational networks across the borders. Thus, it provides empirical data for an understanding of Chinese women's cross‐strait migration in terms of interconnection, circulation and simultaneity.
Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Loeb Mark , Dang Anh Duc , Thiem Vu Dinh , Thanabalan Vitheya , Wang Biao , Nguyen Nguyen Binh , Tran Hung Thi Mai , Luong Tan Minh , Singh Pardeep , Smieja Marek , Maguire Jonathon , Pullenayegum Eleanor
Published: October 2018

Background

It is uncertain whether vitamin D can reduce respiratory infection.

Objective

To determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces influenza and other upper viral respiratory tract infections.

Methods

A total of 1300 healthy children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 17 years were randomized to vitamin D (14 000 U weekly) or placebo for 8 months in Vietnam. The primary outcome was reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR–confirmed influenza infection, and the coprimary outcome was multiplex PCR–confirmed non‐influenza respiratory viruses. Participants, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment.

Results

A total of 650 children and adolescents were randomly assigned to vitamin D and 650 to placebo. The mean baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were 65.7 nmol/L and 65.2 nmol/L in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively, with an increase to 91.8 nmol/L in the vitamin D group and no increase, 64.5 nmol/L, in the placebo group. All 1300 participants randomized contributed to the analysis. We observed RT‐PCR–confirmed influenza A or B occurred in 50 children (7.7%) in the vitamin D group and in 43 (6.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.79‐1.78). RT‐PCR–confirmed non‐influenza respiratory virus infection occurred in 146 (22.5%) in the vitamin D group and in 185 (28.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.94). When considering all respiratory viruses, including influenza, the effect of vitamin D in reducing infection was significant, HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.99.

Conclusion

Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of influenza but moderately reduced non‐influenza respiratory viral infection.
Interdiffusion between silica thin films and soda‐lime glass substrate during annealing at high temperature
Authors: Fonné Jean‐Thomas , Burov Ekaterina , Gouillart Emmanuelle , Grachev Sergey , Montigaud Hervé , Vandembroucq Damien
Published: October 2018

We study the diffusive interaction between soda‐lime glass substrates and sputtered aluminum‐doped silica thin films at 650°C, the temperature of commercial soda‐lime glass shaping or tempering. A first rapid migration of alkali ions from substrate to thin film has been described in a companion paper (J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:1516). Using the same samples as (J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:1516), we focus here on later interactions, when the layer is consumed by the substrate resulting from diffusive interactions. Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy profilometry, we show that the interdiffusion rate increases with the aluminum doping content of the layer. We show that the alkali uptake of silica layers accelerates diffusive exchanges with the substrate, consistently with a decrease of viscosity of the layer. Diffusion profiles of silicon are well reproduced when solving the diffusion equation for a diffusivity having an exponential dependence with silicon concentration. The diffusivity of aluminum is shown to be 10 times slower than the diffusion of silicon. Specific exchanges of the two network formers with network modifiers are deduced from the composition‐space trajectories, providing evidence for multicomponent diffusive couplings between species.
An Empirical Study of Geahigan's Inquiry Model in Learning Art at Senior Secondary School Level
Authors: Tam Cheung On
Published: October 2018

The philosophical foundation for teaching art criticism in schools has been dominated by formalist and expressionist aesthetics, while from a practical point of view it has been influenced by art criticism models that emphasise observation and linguistic practices. Instead of asking students to observe an artwork and make verbal or written statements, George Geahigan proposed an inquiry‐based art criticism learning model that engages students in personal response, research, and aesthetic concept and perceptual skill acquisition activities. Using inquiry‐based art criticism as a foundation for curriculum development and connecting the model to authentic situations in schools, the present study investigated the effectiveness of the model on student learning. Fifteen secondary school teachers were invited to participate. Eight teachers taught the experimental group (n=85) with inquiry‐based curriculum plans and the other seven teachers taught the control group (n=82) with their own school curriculum plans. Students of both groups were asked to write an art criticism essay before and after the implementation of the curriculum plans. The results demonstrated that the overall improvement of the experimental group after one academic year was significantly greater than that of the control group. This article reports on the theoretical framework, methodology and results of the study. It was found that the inquiry‐based approach was a successful strategy in improving students’ skills in analysing, judging and using aesthetic and contextual knowledge in art criticism writing. The discussion focuses on the improvements that were made in the art criticism essays of the experimental group.
Effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 gene expression to prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic rat vessels
Authors: Fazlali Mina , Kharazmi Fatemeh , Kamran Mitra , Malekzadeh Kianoosh , Talebi Ardeshir , Khosravi Fatemeh , Soltani Nepton
Published: October 2018

Aims/Introduction

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the reduction of atherosclerosis plaques through inhibition of lectin‐like low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) gene expression in diabetic vessels.

Materials and methods

A total of 50 rats were divided into five groups, including non‐diabetic control, Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control, chronic diabetic, Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and insulin‐treated chronic diabetic. The induction of diabetes was carried out by streptozotocin. The Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control groups were treated with 10 g/L of MgSO4 added to their drinking water. The insulin‐treated chronic diabetic group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice per day. The fasting blood glucose level and bodyweight were determined weekly. Blood pressure measurement and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were carried out after 16 weeks, and the plasma levels of Mg, lipid profile and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL) were determined. The mesenteric bed was isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method. The aorta was isolated for LOX‐1 genes and proteins expression, and pathological investigation.

Results

MgSO4 administration improved blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and plasma ox‐LDL level, and also lowered the blood glucose level to the normal range, and decreased LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Insulin decreased blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, blood glucose, lipid profiles and plasma oxLDL level, but it did not decrease LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions.

Conclusions

The present findings suggested that MgSO4 improves blood pressure and vessel structure through decreasing oxLDL, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions; however, insulin did not repair vessel structure, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions.
Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck
Authors: Zhang Huaiyong , Liao Hang , Zeng Qiufeng , Wang Jianping , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping , Zhang Keying
Published: October 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. A total of 432 1‐d‐old mixed‐sex Cherry Valley ducks (216 males and 216 females) were randomly allocated and fed low‐vitamin level diet (70% NRC vitamin regimen), high‐vitamin level diet (DSM vitamin regimen) or medium‐vitamin level diet (50% low‐vitamin level diet and 50% high‐vitamin level diet). Sternum and serum were harvested after 49 d of feeding. Compared with the low‐vitamin level group, dietary high‐vitamin level increased body weight (BW) at d 49 (p = 0.029) but did not alter all parameters of carcass trait (p > 0.05). Medium‐ and high‐vitamin level increased sternum defatted weight, density, ash and calcium (Ca) concentration (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the medium and high‐vitamin level group significantly decreased the relative proportions of the keel cartilage at 49 d (p < 0.05) and decreased the sternum length and height (p < 0.05) in meat ducks at 49 d. Likewise, high‐vitamin level improved serum Ca and phosphate (P) content (p < 0.05) and declined serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p = 0.003) compared with the low‐vitamin level group. Our study indicates that high‐vitamin level did not affect the examined carcass traits; however, high‐vitamin level improved growth performance and sternum calcification.
Lung carcinoma representing initially with subacute bilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy: A case of atypical occipital condyle syndrome
Authors: Miyake Zenshi , Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Matsuyama Masashi , Nakano Noriyuki , Nasu Katsuhiro , Noguchi Masayuki , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Tamaoka Akira
Published: October 2018

We herein report the case of a 73‐year‐old man presenting bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy as the initial symptom of metastatic lung cancer. The patient had subacute dysarthria and dysphagia caused by a disturbance in the protrusion of his tongue; He also had severe constant occipital pain, which prevented sleep. MRI showed a mass with contrast enhancement at the skull base. Squamous cell carcinoma was shown by bronchoscopic lung biopsy. In cases of hypoglossal nerve palsy with preceding severe ipsilateral occipital pain, metastatic cancer to the skull base should be considered as occipital condyle syndrome, even though the hypoglossal nerve palsy is bilateral or the patient has no history of malignant tumors. Occipital condyle syndrome with bilateral hypoglossal paralysis may be important as a sign of poor prognosis in cancer.
Bargaining with the CEO: The Case for “Negotiate First, Choose Second”
Authors: Korobkin Russell , Dorff Michael
Published: October 2018

Whether chief executive officers (CEOs) and other senior executives are too highly compensated is one of the most publicized and divisive issues in corporate governance. In this article, we address this question not by asking whether executives are paid more than the value they create, but by asking whether firms could pay executives less money without reducing quality – thus retaining more money for shareholders–by using a better negotiation strategy. The focus of our attention is a particular feature of the way in which the compensation of CEOs and other high‐level employees is often determined, although rarely discussed: the firm first decides which candidate it prefers and only then negotiates the amount of compensation with the desired candidate. We hypothesize that this approach to negotiation, which we call “choose first, negotiate second,” is inferior to its alternative, which we call “negotiate first, choose second.” We explain the theoretical basis for this hypothesis and then present the results of an experiment designed to test it. We conclude by suggesting a number of possible explanations for firms' failure to take advantage of what we consider to be a superior negotiating strategy.
Kidney Health Australia ‐ Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment guideline recommendations for infection control for haemodialysis units
Authors: Jardine Meg , Commons Robert J , de Zoysa Janak R , Wong Muh G , Gilroy Nicole , Green Julianne , Henderson Belinda , Stuart Rhonda L , Tunnicliffe David J , van Eps Carolyn , Athan Eugene
Published: October 2018

Aim

There is no national consensus on infection control in haemodialysis units in Australia and New Zealand. The primary aim of this guideline was to provide recommendations on screening for blood‐borne viruses and multi‐resistant organisms for dialysis units based on the available evidence.

Methods

The Kidney Health Australia Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment guidelines, overall approach to guideline development follows the GRADE framework. A facilitated workshop was conducted to ensure that patient and caregiver concerns were considered. The evidence from relevant medical databases on the impact of screening on detection and transmission rates, hospitalization, mortality and psychosocial care, was reviewed and critically appraised. The guideline group made recommendations from the evidence available.

Results

The main guideline recommendations are:

Dialysis units adopt a comprehensive approach that encompasses standard infection control precautions.

Conduct routine surveillance for key blood‐borne viruses and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Conduct routine surveillance of individual levels of protection against hepatitis B for patients on haemodialysis. Use dedicated dialysis machines for HBV‐infected patients.

The evidence in totality was not found to support routine surveillance of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci . Enhanced surveillance in light of the local risk of transmittable infectious agents should be considered by dialysis units. Very few studies have reported on the potential adverse effects of screening and associated practices.

Conclusions

Future research should focus on the potential benefits and adverse effects of screening and associated practices on clinical outcomes including infections prevented and health service delivery, and psychosocial domains for patients. Given the results of trials in the critical setting, the effectiveness of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in people receiving dialysis therapy warrants further research.
The central question and the scope of nursing research
Authors: Moulton Elizabeth , Wilson Rosemary , Camargo Plazas Pilar , Halverson Kathryn
Published: October 2018

As nursing continues to develop as a professional discipline, it is important for nurses to have a central question to guide their research. Since the 1800s, nursing practice and research have covered a wide scope in cooperation with other disciplines. This wide area of nursing practice and research has led to the proposal that the central question be: How can the well‐being of a person, family, community, or population be improved? The proposed question must remain flexible and open to revision because nurses will continue to adapt to the changing needs of their patients and populations and to their complex and evolving work environments.
Spatial Decentralization and Programme Evaluation: Theory and an Example
Authors: Pitt Mark M. , Menon Nidhiya
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes an instrumental variable method for programme evaluation that only requires a single cross‐section of data on the spatial intensity of programmes and outcomes. The instruments are derived from a simple theoretical model of government decision‐making in which governments are responsive to the attributes of places, rather than to the attributes of individuals, in making allocation decisions across space, and have a social welfare function that is spatially weakly separable, that is, that the budgeting process behaves as if it is multi‐stage with respect to administrative districts and sub‐districts. The spatial instrumental variables model is then estimated and tested with a single cross‐section of Indonesian census data. The results offer support to the identification strategy proposed but also highlight some issues affecting validity.