bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrolysin enhances functional recovery following focal cerebral	infarction in rats
Authors: Ren JingMei , Sietsma Dana , Qiu Shumei , Moessler Herbert , Finklestein Seth P.
Published: December 2024

Background: Cerebrolysin, a preparation derived from porcine brain, contains a mixture of neurotrophic peptides. We tested the effects of Cerebrolysin in a model of stroke recovery in rats. Methods: Cerebrolysin (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 ml/kg) was administered once daily intraperitoneally for 21 days, starting 24 hours after focal cerebral infarction (stroke) due to middle cerebral artery occlusion in mature rats. Results: Enhancement of sensorimotor recovery, as assessed by forelimb and hindlimb placing and body swing tests, was seen with Cerebrolysin treatment, especially at the 2.5 ml/kg dose. At this dose, enhanced recovery was found when Cerebrolysin treatment was begun at 24 or 48 (but not 72 hours) after stroke onset. There were no effects on body weight or infarct volume when Cerebrolysin was administered in this manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that Cerebrolysin may be a useful treatment for enhancing neurological recovery after stroke.
Cognitive training in MS: Effects and relation to brain	atrophy
Authors: Hildebrandt Helmut , Lanz Michael , Hahn Horst K. , Hoffmann Ebba , Schwarze Björn , Schwendemann Günther , Kraus Jürgen A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Cognitive disorders are common in MS patients without any generally recommended treatment. Recent brain imaging studies show considerable neuroplasticity for cognitive tasks in MS patients, but also brain atrophy already early in the disease progression. We explored the benefits of a home-based cognitive training program for memory and working memory functions in relapsing-remitting MS patients controlling for whole brain and central brain atrophy as covariates. Methods: Using a single-blinded controlled study design, 42 patients were randomised into a treatment group and a control group. Home based computer training focusing on memory and working memory was started at least 4 weeks after the discontinuation of methylprednisolone treatment and lasted for 6 weeks. Two weeks later the patients were re-investigated for their clinical and cognitive performance. We assessed also quality of life (QoL), depression and fatigue using self-rating scales. Results: Training had no effect on the neurological status and on QoL or fatigue. However, the treatment group showed better verbal learning, long-delay verbal memory performance, and working memory performance. The impact of treatment on long-delay verbal memory performance was independent from the extent of brain atrophy, whereas for the other findings brain atrophy played a significant role. Conclusions: An intensive home-based cognitive training program is suitable to improve the cognitive performance of MS patients. The impact of brain atrophy on rehabilitation outcome may differ for cognitive functions.
Postural instability in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Peurala Sinikka H. , Könönen Paavo , Pitkänen Kauko , Sivenius Juhani , Tarkka Ina M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: It is known that visuospatial orientation and the extent of spontaneous recovery vary between right or left hemisphere affected stroke patients. We hypothesized that the right hemisphere affected chronic patients would show more impaired static balance than left hemisphere affected patients. The purpose of the study was to assess displacement of the center of pressure (COP) of ambulatory patients with either left or right hemiparesis.

Methods: Forty-five patients and thirty healthy subjects participated and static balance was measured while standing on a force plate.

Results: The patients showed more than four times higher mean velocity moment and two times faster anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) speed of COP displacement than healthy subjects. The patients with left hemiparesis, and affected right hemisphere, had higher power peak magnitudes of COP displacements than patients with right hemiparesis both in ML and AP directions at low frequencies. The patients had higher power peak magnitudes of COP displacements than healthy subjects in both ML and AP directions at all separately analyzed frequency ranges. More weight bearing on the paretic side was associated with less COP displacement in ML and AP directions.

Conclusions: Patients with left hemiparesis have more low frequency COP movements from side to side and from front to back than patients with right hemiparesis. Patients with right or left hemiparesis sway more than the healthy subjects. The affected hemisphere and the disturbed cerebral networks likely produce different postural deficits in right or left hemiparetic patients.
Establishment of three-dimensional culture of neural	stem/progenitor cells in collagen Type-1 Gel
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki , Toyama Yoshiaki
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Recent studies demonstrated that transplanting neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) into an injured spinal cord of adult rat promotes functional recovery. The functional recovery from spinal cord injury might be enhanced by transplanting NSPCs with a scaffold that fills the cavity, entraps the NSPCs in the cavity, and acts as an attachment for neurite extension. We recently focused on collagen type-1 as a scaffold for NSPC transplantation into the injured spinal cord. In the present study, we determined the optimal conditions for culturing NSPCs in 3D collagen type-1 gel with respect to cell survival and cell migration. We, then, evaluated the ability of NSPCs to differentiate under the optimal condition.

Methods: NSPCs were derived from the striatum of rat embryos. To determine the optimal cell density and collagen concentration for 3D collagen gel culture for NSPC, we performed viability assay and migration assay. Then, we examined the proportion of phenotypes differentiated from NSPC in that optimal condition.

Results: In viability assay, the viability rate increased as the NSPC density increased, and peaked at 1 × 10 $^{7}$ to 5 × 10 $^{7}$ cell/ml. For collagen concentration, the viability rate increased as the collagen concentration decreased. In migration assay, cell migration was most extensive at collagen concentrations between 0.3 and 0.75 mg/ml. Migration distances gradually declined as collagen concentrations increased. In the optimal condition, NSPCs differentiated into neurons (40.1%), astrocytes (53.1%), and oligodendrocytes (5.3%) in 3D collagen gel culture.

Conclusion: The optimal conditions for NSPC culture in 3D collagen gel was a cell density between 1 × 10 $^{7}$ and 5 × 10 $^{7}$ cells/ml and a collagen concentration between 0.5 and 0.75 mg/ml. Under the condition, NSPCs could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
Long nerve gaps limit the regenerative potential of bioartificial	nerve conduits filled with Schwann cells
Authors: Sinis Nektarios , Schaller Hans-Eberhard , Becker Stephan Thomas , Schlosshauer Burkhard , Doser Michael , Roesner Harald , Oberhoffner Sven , Müller Hans-Werner , Haerle Max
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Recently we successfully used a conduit of ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate filled with Schwann cells (SC) across a 20 mm gap in a rat median nerve. In this study we applied the tubes with SC across a 40 mm gap in order to analyse the regenerative potential of the tubes in long nerve defects.

Methods: To augment the nerve defect a cross-chest procedure was used and the tubes were implanted with injected isogeneic SCs inside (group 3). Both ulnar nerves were used for a 40 mm autograft (group 2). For control group non-operated animals were used (group 1). The grasping test, histology (S-100, PAM), electrophysiology, and the muscle weight were used to assess regeneration.

Results: After 12 months, grasping was seen only in three animals of group 3 (3.6 g [95% CI: 0 to 7.6 g]). However, in group 2 all rats had a partial functional regeneration (42.8 g [95% CI: 39.1 to 46.6 g]). The grasping force of the non-operated animals (group 1) was 240.9 g [95% CI: 237.2 to 244.7 g] at the time. Histology from group 3 confirmed an irregular arrangement of fibres in contrast to more organized structures in group 2. Electrophysiology in group 3 displayed potentials only in the three animals with functional regeneration. In group 2 all animals exhibited potentials. A significant decrease of muscle weight was observed in groups 2 and 3, most prominent in the latter.

Conclusion: Regeneration was not successful across the 40 mm gap using the applied tube in combination with SC. For future experiments further consideration should be taken in optimizing the cellular and material components that are critical for a successful application to overcome very large nerve gaps.
No effect of a levodopa single dose on motor performance and motor	excitability in chronic stroke. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over	pilot study
Authors: Restemeyer C. , Weiller C. , Liepert J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Drugs that modulate neuronal transmission can influence motor recovery after stroke. Here, we tested if a single dose of levodopa could improve motor functions and change motor excitability in a group of chronic stroke patients.

Methods: Ten patients > 6 months after their stroke participated in a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. On two different occasions, they received either 100 mg levodopa or placebo in a randomized order. After drug intake, they participated in one hour of physiotherapy aimed at an improvement of dexterity. Motor functions were tested by application of the Nine-Hole-Peg Test, a dynamometer measuring grip strength and the Action Research Arm Test. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to study intracortical excitability, stimulus response curves and silent periods. TMS studies and motor function measurements were performed before drug intake, 45 minutes after drug ingestion and after the physiotherapy.

Results: Compared to placebo, levodopa neither improved motor functions nor changed motor excitability as tested by TMS.

Conclusion: These findings suggests that a single levodopa dose is not sufficient to improve motor function in chronic stroke. However, it cannot be excluded that the lack of a beneficial effect is related to the small study sample.
Progesterone inhibits ischemic brain injury in a rat model of	permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Sayeed Iqbal , Wali Bushra , Stein Donald G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that progesterone (PROG) has a substantial protective effect against several types of brain injury. Since most cases of human stroke are caused by permanent occlusion of cerebral arteries, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of PROG on cerebral infarction and behavioral deficits in a permanent MCAO (pMCAO) model.

Methods: pMCAO was produced by surgical insertion of a silicone-coated nylon filament into the right internal carotid artery. Laser-Doppler flowmetry was used to monitor cerebral blood flow for 10 min post-occlusion. PROG (8 mg/kg) or vehicle (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h post-occlusion followed by subcutaneous injections at 6, 24 and 48 h post-occlusion. Measurements of infarct volumes (cortical, subcortical and total) were performed at 72 h and functional recovery, assessed by rotarod test, were performed 24, 48, and 72 h after pMCAO.

Results: Following PROG treatment, stained sections revealed a significant reduction in cortical, caudate-putamen and hemispheric infarct volumes (% contralateral structure) compared to vehicle-injected controls. In addition, PROG treatment reduced functional deficits on the accelerating rotarod apparatus.

Conclusion: We demonstrated and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of PROG using a permanent model of focal brain ischemia in rats.
Congenital amusia: An auditory-motor feedback disorder?
Authors: Mandell Jake , Schulze Katrin , Schlaug Gottfried
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Congenital amusia ( tone deafness) is a disorder in which those affected typically complain of or are identified by their inability to sing in tune. A psychophysical and possibly surrogate marker of this condition is the inability to recognize deviations in pitch that are one semitone (100 cents) or less. The aim of our study was to identify candidate brain regions that might be associated with this disorder.

Methods: We used Voxel-Based-Morphometry (VBM) to correlate performance on a commonly used assessment tool, the Montreal Battery for the Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA), with local inter-individual variations in gray matter volumes across a large group of individuals ( n = 51) to identify brain regions potentially involved in the expression of this disorder.

Results: The analysis across the entire brain space revealed significant covariations between performance on the MBEA and inter-individual gray matter volume variations in the left superior temporal sulcus (BA 22) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47). The regression analyses identified subregions within the inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior portion of BA47 that correlated with performance on melodic subtests, while gray matter volume variations in a more superior subregion of BA47 correlated with performance on rhythmic subtests.

Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrate the existence of a left fronto-temporal network that appears to be involved in the melodic and rhythmic discrimination skills measured by the MBEA battery. These regions could also be part of a network that enable subjects to map motor actions to sounds including a feedback loop that allows for correction of motor actions (i.e., singing) based on perceptual feedback. Thus, it is conceivable that individuals with congenital amusia, or the inability to sing in tune, may actually have an impairment of the auditory-motor feedback loop and/or auditory-motor mapping system.
Tuning the tinnitus percept by modification of synchronous brain activity
Authors: Dohrmann Katalin , Elbert Thomas , Schlee Winfried , Weisz Nathan
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Tinnitus, the perception of sound without the presence of a physical stimulus, provides the opportunity to study neural codes of percepts without simultaneous processing of stimuli. Previously, we have found that tinnitus is associated with enhanced delta- and reduced tau-power in temporal brain regions. By operantly modifying corresponding aspects of spontaneous EEG activity, the aim of the present study was to corroborate the assumption that tinnitus should be reduced if patterns of ongoing synchronous brain activity are normalised.

Methods: In response to different variants of neurofeedback, a total of twenty-one patients produced significant changes in EEG frequency bands.

Results: Simultaneous alteration of both frequency bands was strongly related to changes in tinnitus intensity matched before and after the intervention ( r = −0.74). In those two patients with the greatest modulatory success, the tinnitus sensation resided completely in response to the treatment. Comparing the neurofeedback-treated patients with a group of patients trained with a frequency discrimination task ( n = 27), the tinnitus relief in the neurofeedback group was significantly stronger.

Conclusions: This study supports the notion that altered patterns of intrinsic ongoing brain activity lead to phantom percepts and offer new routes to the treatment of tinnitus.
Predicting cochlear implant outcome from brain organisation in the deaf
Authors: Giraud Anne-Lise , Lee Hyo-Jeong
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Cochlear implantation is an effective technique for restoring hearing in the profoundly deaf. Although cochlear implants are a therapeutical success, huge performance variability in speech comprehension is observed after implantation. The reason for this remains incompletely understood after 20 years of clinical practice and basic research. Which patients are going to respond well and why is an unresolved question. The duration of auditory deprivation plays an important role, and currently is the main predictor of implantation success in children; basically, the earlier the better. However, among patients with identical duration of deafness, performance remains highly variable, suggesting there are other more fundamental factors that determine clinical outcome.

Methods: To delineate the cognitive factors that could influence the clinical outcome of cochlear implantation, we correlated resting metabolism PET images acquired before implantation in congenitally deaf children with speech perception behavioural scores measured three years after implantation.

Results: Using this paradigm, we showed distinct brain organisation patterns in the deaf brain, which predict good and bad speech perception outcome after cochlear implantation.

Conclusions: These data show that brain organisation assessed immediately before cochlear implantation can efficiently predict subsequent speech outcome.
Automatic and attentive processing of sounds in cochlear implant patients – Electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Nager W. , Münte T.F. , Bohrer I. , Lenarz T. , Dengler R. , Möbes J. , Schröder C. , Lesinski-Schiedat A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Processing auditory scenes requires the automatic detection of unexpected acoustic irregularities which allows to reorient the attentional focus for further in-depth analysis. Even if cochlea implants (CI) may partly restore hearing capabilities in patients suffering from profound peripheral deafness, CI users complain about difficulties in identifying novel and unexpected acoustic events. To assess whether this impairment is attributable to preattentive auditory deficits, impaired automatic orienting to novel events and/or to deficits in attentional processing we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in an auditory novelty oddball paradigm.

Methods: ERPs were obtained in 7 postlingually deafened CI patients and their age-matched controls in passive and active listening conditions. Subjects had to press a button for infrequent novel sounds but not for frequent standard sounds in the active condition.

Results: In the active condition patients and controls did not differ with regard to hit-rates and reaction times. ERPs to novel stimuli in the active condition were characterized by enhanced N2b and P3b components that did not differ between groups. By contrast, the P3a component to novel sounds in the passive condition, an index of automatic orienting of attention, was greatly attenuated in the CI users.

Conclusions: CI-users are impaired in the preattentive registration of novel auditory events while attentive processing of a designated auditory stream appears intact.
MENGATASI KRISIS IDENTITAS DAN TEKANAN AKADEMIK PADA REMAJA: PERAN PENDEKATAN QUR'ANI DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Adzima Fauzan , Hisaaniah Khairatun
Published: December 2024

Masa remaja adalah periode krusial dalam perkembangan individu, ditandai oleh pencarian identitas diri yang sering kali diperumit oleh tekanan akademik. Kedua faktor ini sering menyebabkan stres, kecemasan, dan penurunan motivasi belajar pada remaja. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pendekatan Qur'ani sebagai solusi holistik untuk mengatasi krisis identitas dan tekanan akademik, sekaligus memperkuat motivasi belajar pada remaja. Dengan metode kualitatif berbasis tafsir Al-Qur'an, penelitian ini menganalisis prinsip-prinsip kehidupan sebagai ibadah, kesabaran dalam ujian, dan pentingnya menuntut ilmu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Qur'ani membantu remaja memperkuat motivasi intrinsik, mengatasi tekanan akademik dengan lebih baik, dan membangun identitas diri yang autentik. Penelitian ini menawarkan kontribusi dengan mengintegrasikan dimensi spiritual dalam pendidikan modern, memberikan solusi holistik terhadap tantangan remaja.
PFC/PFAS Concentrations in Human Milk and Infant Exposure Through Lactation: A Comprehensive Review of the Scientific Literature
Authors: González Neus , Domingo Jose L
Published: December 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and the associated toxicological risks. Regarding human health, blood serum testing remains the primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk has also been studied due to the transfer of these substances from mothers to infants during lactation. This paper aims to review the scientific literature (using the PubMed and Scopus databases) on PFAS concentrations in the breast milk of non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, the estimated daily intake of these compounds by breastfeeding infants is also examined. The reviewed studies are categorized by continent and country/region. While China is, by far, the country with the most extensive information available, we have observed a significant lack of data for many countries, including both developed and developing nations. The findings indicate substantial variability in PFAS concentrations, influenced by factors such as geographic location, sampling year, and the specific PFAS analyzed. Among the identified compounds, PFOS and PFOA are most commonly detected, along with PFHxS and PFNA, which are the only PFAS with regulated maximum levels in certain foodstuffs. Most studies were conducted before the implementation of the current (updated) tolerable weekly intake (TWI) values for these substances. Consequently, the majority reported a low health risk for breastfeeding infants, even in high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, biomonitoring studies are urgently needed in countries with limited or no data, and new investigations should assess whether current estimated intakes exceed the updated TWI. Special focus should be given to rural and industrial areas where exposure levels remain poorly understood.
Current evidence and clinical applications of placental extracts
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Sang Man
Published: December 2024

The placenta, a tissue unique to mammals including humans, plays multiple essential roles during pregnancy, facilitating nutrient supply, metabolism, immune modulation, and hormone regulation between the fetus and mouther. Historically, medical use of the placenta dates back to antiquity, with Hippocrates reportedly using it as a therapeutic agent, and traditional Asian medical textbooks such as Bencao Gangmu in China and Donguibogam in Korea also documenting its medicinal properties. In modern medicine, Soviet ophthalmologist Vladimir Filatov utilized placenta in disease treatment in the 1930s, and in the 1950s, placental preparations began pharmaceutical production in Japan. Recently, two injectable placental products, human placental extracts and human placental hydrolysates (HPH), are approved for menopausal symptom relief and liver function improvement in South Korea (though in clinical practice or research area, HPH often described simply as placental extracts). Current interest in anti-aging, menopause, regeneration, and detoxification has increased utilization and research on these placental products, although well-designed studies and evidence remain limited. This article aims to review the current medical evidence and clinical application of placental extracts, especially with a focus on HPH drawing from the authors' extensive clinical experience.
The comprehension and utilization of omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acid
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Kim Young-Sang
Published: December 2024

The term of omega-3, one of the most popular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is frequently used, but its role is not well understood. Omega-3 and -6 PUFAs are classified as essential fatty acids, meaning our bodies cannot produce them on their own. Modern lifestyles often lead to an imbalance between omega-3 and -6, making functional medicine assessments valuable to understand this imbalance. While omega-3 is generally expected to have anti-inflammatory effects during metabolism, and arachidonic acid might lead to induce inflammation, it is difficult to simply define their roles. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials have demonstrated the preventive effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cardiovascular diseases, and gamma-linolenic acid has been shown to alleviate inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Balancing fatty acids in various health conditions is crucial in functional medicine, and this review aims to enhance our understanding of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and explore ways to utilize them.
The functional medicine approach to hormone testing: Focusing on adrenal hormones and growth hormone
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Suh Eunkyung
Published: December 2024

Patients visiting functional medicine clinics frequently present with symptoms such as fatigue, lethargy, swelling, weight fluctuations, pain, memory issues, sleep problems, digestive discomfort, and skin conditions. In these cases, alongside other diagnostic tests, evaluating hormone levels may contribute to symptom improvement. Adrenal hormones, particularly cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone, play a crucial role in stress responses and are also involved in regulating mental health, physical function, muscle strength, bone density, anti-inflammatory functions, and immune modulation. Growth hormone in adults is essential for fat metabolism, promoting protein synthesis, maintaining body composition and bone mass, regulating carbohydrate metabolism for blood sugar control, and supporting cardiovascular and cognitive functions. Therefore, during initial patient evaluation, it is important to consider assessing adrenal hormones and growth hormone levels to address these symptoms effectively.
Diagnosis of heavy metal exposure and treatment of heavy metal poisoning
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Park Chun-Muk
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals are substances that are widely present in the environment and are also used in human industrial activities. Heavy metals that cause major clinical problems include mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum. Heavy metals can be exposed to humans not only through food but also through environmental media and household products. Although heavy metal exposure sources are managed by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, exposure may vary depending on the local environment or individual dietary habits. It is relatively easy to determine the cause of acute exposure of high-concentration heavy metals in industrial sites. However, long-term exposure to low-concentration heavy metals can lead to chronic symptoms specific to the cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, nerve, skin, immune system and reproductive organ. Therefore, if there is no response to conventional treatment, testing for heavy metals and treatment for heavy metal poisoning can be considered. In this article, I would like to present the diagnosis and treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
Functional approach to polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Chun Hyejin
Published: December 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and reproductive disorder that affects 5-25% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and various clinical symptoms due to excess androgen. Insulin resistance, the primary cause of PCOS, can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, if patients do not receive proper treatment and care. Subsequent complications can lead to infertility, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, and more. PCOS is known to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, so early diagnosis and integrated management, including metabolic and functional medicine approaches, are important for long-term health. There are several types of PCOS, each of which requires personalized management tailored to the individual's condition. Depending on the main signs and symptoms of PCOS, treatment may include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and lifestyle modifications.
АНАЛІЗ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ЗАКРИЛКІВ КРИЛ ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ
Authors: Гребеніков О. Г. , Василевський В. Є. , Устюгов Д. М.
Published: December 2024

The paper analyzes the methods of designing the wing mechanization of transport category aircraft. Constructive and technological solutions of wing flap structures are considered. The analysis takes into account the features of aircraft flap designs using the example of Antonov aircraft. Consider the wing flaps of An-74, An‑140, An-148 aircraft. Materials from which airplane flaps are made have been analyzed. It is noted that the main part of the materials used in the flaps are aluminum alloys. There is a tendency to increase the share of the use of composite materials. Therefore, one should look for composite materials with more advanced properties that will have high strength, resistance to damage, corrosion resistance and stability of characteristics. Consider the design methods of integrated design and modeling of flaps, which are constantly being improved. The designs developed in these methods are more optimized, more perfect and more technological, have significantly better characteristics. Therefore, when developing structures, the introduction of new developments and technologies of integrated design and modeling is an urgent necessity.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИХ ПОЛІВ НА СТАЛЯХ З УРАХУВАННЯМ КІНЦЕВОЇ ШВИДКОСТІ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ ТЕПЛА ПРИ МОДЕЛЮВАННІ УМОВ ОТРИМАННЯ НАНОСТРУКТУР У ПЛАЗМОВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ
Authors: Широкий Ю. В. , Сисоєв Ю. О. , Фесенко К. В. , Постельник Т. О.
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of the study was to determine the impact of variations in maximum temperatures and thermal stresses during laser radiation exposure on the material being processed (steel 38Х), taking into account the finite speed of heat propagation. The research was conducted on the material surface and its near-surface layer under a specified heat flux. A comparison of the obtained results showed that certain temperature variations occur in the area of heat propagation. When the finite speed of heat propagation was considered, additional temperature jumps were identified, which, during the development of the temperature fields, shifted from the central part to the edges. Thermal stresses were calculated considering thermal conductivity and thermoelasticity. Analyzing the changes in certain physical parameters revealed the nature of the temperature distribution on the material surface and in its near-surface layers. It was found that there is an increase in thermal stresses of up to 10% in regions of maximum temperature gradients and up to 30% in cases of sharp temperature jumps. These circumstances create favorable conditions for nanostructure formation. When determining the thermal conditions for the formation of nanostructures, especially in the case of short-term laser radiation exposure and high-energy heat fluxes of 10¹⁰ W/m² and above, considering the finite speed of heat propagation results in an increase in thermal stresses up to 10-20%, which can significantly affect the determination of the technological parameters required for nanostructure formation. At the same time, for lower heat flux values and longer laser radiation exposure times, the increase in thermal stresses will be less than 10%, which will not significantly influence the determination of laser radiation technological parameters. The conducted research is important for further theoretical studies on the creation of nanostructures on steels in a plasma environment.
АНАЛІЗ НАПРУЖЕНОГО СТАНУ ШАРУ З ДВОМА ЦИЛІНДРИЧНИМИ ВРІЗАНИМИ ОПОРАМИ ТА ЦИЛІНДРИЧНИМИ ВТУЛКАМИ
Authors: Мірошніков В. Ю. , Савін О. Б. , Косенко М. Л. , Ільїн О. О.
Published: December 2024

The spatial problem of the theory of elasticity for a layer on cylindrical embedded supports with cylindrical sleeves (thick-walled pipes) located between each support and the layer is solved. Smooth contact conditions are set at the interface between the layer and the pipes. Stresses are specified on the surfaces of the layer, and displacements are specified on the inner surface of the pipe (rigidly conjugated to the support). The analytical and numerical solution of the problem is based on the Lamé equations written for the layer and each pipe. When the boundary conditions and the conditions of conjugation of the layer with the pipes are met, a system of integro-algebraic equations is created, which reduces to a system of linear algebraic equations. Each equation is written in its local coordinate system. For this purpose, the transition formulas of the generalized Fourier method are applied to the basic solutions of the Lamé equation. After solving the system of equations and finding the unknowns, the stress-strain state in the body of the layer and pipes was obtained.  The reduction method was used to obtain numerical results. Fulfillment of the boundary conditions showed high convergence of the results, the accuracy of which depends on the order of the system of equations. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the layer and the pipe was carried out for different sleeve materials in places of stress concentration. The results indicate an increase in the stresses sφ and sz on cylindrical surfaces in the case of using polyamide bushings. The proposed method makes it possible to analyze the stress-strain state of a wide range of pipe structures. It also provides an opportunity to assess how changes in material and geometric parameters affect the stress distribution in such systems, which allows optimizing structures and ensuring their reliability. In the further development of this research topic, it is necessary to consider models where bushings are combined with other types of inhomogeneities (cavities, reinforcement) and other boundary conditions.
ОГЛЯД ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НОВИХ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ АЕРОПРУЖНОСТІ КРИЛА З ЛЮФТОМ КЕРУЮЧИХ ПОВЕРХОНЬ
Authors: Filipkovskyi Serhii , Starodub Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of instability in flight due to the interaction of aerodynamic, elastic and inertial forces. could prove disastrous. Therefore, due importance is given to the aeroelastic analysis of the aircraft at the design stage. Free play, sometimes called play, occurs as a result of wear on parts such as lugs or moving mounts, often due to the aging of the aircraft. Excessive free play is detrimental to the flight safety of the aircraft. This can lead to catastrophic aeroelastic instabilities such as limit cycle oscillation (LCO), a phenomenon associated with sustained vibration of a fixed amplitude. LCO can accelerate the accumulation of structural fatigue damage and compromise controllability during flight. Aircraft control systems play a critical role in ensuring stability, maneuverability and flight safety. Over the past few decades, nonlinear aeroelasticity has received increasing attention. Advanced computational capabilities have stimulated renewed interest among researchers in re-examining the control surface free play problem with the goal of refining analytical models for greater accuracy. Both modern theoretical and experimental analyzes of free play have opened up new possibilities for the study of aeroelasticity. Despite the apparent understanding of the fundamental problem and the availability of numerous modeling approaches, freewheeling research continues to generate varied predictions regarding aeroelastic dynamic behavior and associated properties. Free play, defined as the sag or movement of mechanical connections between control inputs and aircraft control surfaces, is a ubiquitous aspect of control system design. While a little play may be tolerable, excessive play can lead to non-linearities and uncertainties, potentially compromising flight performance and safety. The aim of the article is to review existing methods of numerical research, analyze new mathematical methods for modeling aeroelastic vibrations and formulate the problem of developing safety criteria for transport category aircraft in terms of preventing elastic instability in the presence of free play in the control mechanism.
Pre-service teachers’ ICT knowledge, attitude and use of ICT for learning and teaching
Authors: Ng Chiew Hong , Koh Noi Keng
Published: December 2024

There has been some research into ICT in pre-service teacher training (see Aslan and Zhu, 2014; Teo, 2009; Yücel, Acun, Tarman & Mete, 2010; Aslan & Zhu, 2014). In investigating 1230 Singaporean pre-service teachers' ICT competencies, pedagogical beliefs, and their beliefs on the espoused use of ICT, Chai (2010) affirmed the link between the pre-service teachers' ICT competencies, their pedagogical beliefs and their espoused use of ICT. However Chai (2010) has also highlighted the need to do further research as ‘the relationship between teachers' level of ICT skills and how they would use ICT in classroom is however an area that has not received much attention’ (p. 388).
Exploring the association between social media disorder and academic procrastination of college students
Authors: Choudhury Sourav , D'Cruz Nikita Ruth , Deb Joy Prakash , Biswas Samiul , Patil Sandeep
Published: December 2024

The study aimed at exploring the relationship between social media disorder and academic procrastination, and to thereby investigate the mediating effects of intrusive thinking and fatigue. By enrolling 412 undergraduate college students in India, the interconnectedness of the four variables was investigated using Social Media Disorder scale by Choudhury et al. (2024),  White Bear Suppression Inventory by Rassin (2003), Fatigue Assessment Scale by Michielsen et al. (2003) and Academic Procrastination Scale by Mccloskey and Scielzo (2015). The results disclosed: 1) A significant gender differences in the level of SMD; 2) Correlation analysis displayed a significant positive correlation between the four variables; 3) The multiple mediating effect test results showed that SMD caused academic procrastination directly and indirectly through three pathways.
Searching for modernization
Authors: Hadley Gregory
Published: December 2024

This paper considers the theoretical underpinnings of rural out-migration and economic stagnation, specific to rural Nova Scotia, Canada, and argues that rural Nova Scotia has, in part, misapplied the tenets of modernization.  It situates out-migration, and economic stagnation, amongst Modernization Theory and considers how economic rejuvenation, vis a vis entrepreneurship education, can, potentially, revivify the topophilic bonds between person and (rural) community. Structurally, this paper argues three points: first, that rural Nova Scotia is enduring a misapplication of modernization, resulting in a lingering traditionalism that pushes people out and dampens economic growth. Second, that rural Nova Scotia would benefit from a structural shift in its economic model and third, that community economic development through entrepreneurship stands a reasonable chance of reserving the social and economic misfortune now ubiquitous in the areas outside of Nova Scotia’s capital region.
The Influence of Political Dynamics on Health Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Irfan Sazali , Zuhra Fatimah , Fatiha Alifa , Putri Syfa Ardhia , Felisha Ravena , Br Sembiring Wira Anjani , Hasibuan Wulan , Syaputri Marsha Aulia , Sabrina Zakiatus , Larasati Yulfani
Published: December 2024

Health policy in Indonesia has experienced various significant changes in line with the political dynamics that occur at the national and local levels. Political dynamics in Indonesia are greatly influenced by various factors, such as the government system, political party ideology, interests of certain groups, and issues that develop in society. This study aims to analyze the influence of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia, focusing on the post-reform period. The research methodology uses the literature review study method to analyze the influence of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia. Literature review study is an effective method to collect, analyze, and synthesize information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The summary of the results of the discussion highlights the significant impact of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia. The discussion emphasized the challenges faced due to changes in political leadership and decentralization of policy coordination. The role of political ideology, collaboration between stakeholders, and global influence in shaping health policies is essential for effective and sustainable health in Indonesia. By understanding the political dynamics that affect health policy, it is hoped that the recommendations produced from this study can make a significant contribution to future health policy improvements in Indonesia.
Strategies to Improve the Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Damariz Snack and Catering Magelang City
Authors: Safitri Dinda , Marinda Vira , Anandira Luna Mayang , Putra Archie Zakkharia Dakarwan
Published: December 2024

This article is motivated by the phenomenon of a number of MSMEs that ignore the management system in building strategies so that they face various problems and have less than optimal performance. This study aims to provide strategic solutions to improve the performance of MSME Damariz through an in-depth analysis of internal and external factors that affect their operations. The main focus is to develop strategies that can be implemented practically to face existing challenges and take advantage of available opportunities. In this context, research not only functions as an evaluation tool, but also as a strategic guide for better decision making. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which is based on primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations with MSME owners to get a real picture of operational conditions and directly understand the problems in MSMEs directly. Secondary data was obtained from scientific journals and related books as references to build a strong theoretical foundation. The findings of this study indicate that MSME Damariz has unexplored opportunities with the aim of improving performance from identifying potential and providing strategic recommendations. SWOT analysis is used as an analytical tool in this study using the IFE, EFE, and IE matrices. As a supporter of this research, the IE matrix table is depicted in cell V, where horizontal integration occurs, which means that there is a need to improve strategies in supporting Damariz MSMEs.
Information Technology Transformation to Support Economic Activities: A Case Study of Bukit Peramun Digital Forest
Authors: Lestari Dwi Ayu
Published: December 2024

Bukit Peramun, located in Air Selumar Village, Belitung Regency, has been managed by the Arsel Community since 2006. In 2017, it was established as the Bukit Peramun Digital Forest ecotourism destination. This research aims to analyze the impact of information technology transformation at Bukit Peramun Digital Forest on economic activities, particularly for the local community. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach through observation and interviews with purposively selected informants. In 2017, the implemented information technology was QR Codes on trees. Then, from 2020 to 2022, the technology was enhanced by integrating virtual reality and augmented reality, including features like Tour 360, the Tree Recognition application, and an online reservation system through peramun.com. The results show that the information technology transformation at Bukit Peramun Digital Forest improved management efficiency and tourist experiences. Although there was a decline in revenue, foreign tourist visits showed an increase. The technological transformation also helped control visitor numbers, which positively impacted environmental conservation, with more efficient service quality and management.
Characteristics of Extreme Poverty in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Rahmani Zikri , Valeriani Devi , Wulandari Ayu , Akbar Muhammad Faisal , Putra Agung Rizki , Munir Misbahul , Rozi Rozi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of poverty in seven districts and cities in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This study uses primary and secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and other relevant sources. The analysis was conducted descriptively to identify factors that influence poverty, such as the age of the poor, marriage, education level, number of dependents, type of employment, income, living conditions, government assistance and health. The results show that poverty in Bangka Belitung is more dominant in rural areas than urban areas. Low education levels and limited access to health services are the main causes of poverty in this area. In addition, the community's dependence on the fluctuating mining sector also affects the economic stability of households. This study also found significant income inequality between low- and highincome groups. Based on these findings, efforts to improve access to education and health, as well as economic sector diversification to reduce unemployment are recommended. More inclusive policies are needed to sustainably address poverty in the region.
The Impact of Uncertainty and Macroeconomic on Income Inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Meta Williya , Meilisa Meilisa , Arafat Lathif
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of global uncertainty and macroeconomic factors on income inequality in Indonesia from 1991 to 2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) methodologies. The findings reveal that global uncertainty significantly reduces income inequality in the long term, while key macroeconomic variables like unemployment and real income have pronounced effects on inequality in both the short and long term. Unemployment is positively associated with income inequality, exacerbating the disparity as job losses primarily affect the lower-income segments. Real income increases, on the other hand, paradoxically heighten inequality due to the uneven distribution of wealth across socio-economic groups. Inflation, however, was found to have no significant effect on income inequality. The study highlights the role of economic policy uncertainty, which disproportionately affects the wealthier segments during economic downturns, leading to a relative decline in inequality. However, the persistent concentration of wealth among the top 10% underscores the need for policy interventions, including progressive taxation and social assistance programs. Policymakers are urged to address unemployment and ensure equitable income growth to mitigate inequality effectively. The research underscores the necessity of robust strategies to navigate global uncertainties and stabilize macroeconomic conditions to achieve inclusive growth in Indonesia.