bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks via the Pictet–Spengler Reaction for Boosting H2O2 Photogeneration in Real Seawater
Authors: Yue Jie‐Yu , Pan Zi‐Xian , Zhang Rui‐Zhi , Xu Qing , Yang Peng , Tang Bo
Published: January 2025

Photosynthesizing H2O2 from real seawater is a promising and green avenue but suffers from salt‐deactivated effects with limitations on stability and photocatalytic activity. Herein, by the Pictet–Spengler reaction, two fully conjugated thieno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (named TBA‐COF and TCA‐COF) are synthesized for seawater H2O2 photoproduction for the first time. Without sacrificial agents in real seawater and O2, TBA‐COF and TCA‐COF exhibit impressive H2O2 generation rates of 8878 and 6023 µmol g−1 h−1 with the solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 0.62% and 0.42%, respectively, superior to their Schiff base analogs. Further experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that, compared to the imine‐linkage counterparts, in one‐pot cyclized TBA‐COF and TCA‐COF, the Pictet–Spengler reaction improves their charge carrier separation efficiency, alters the photoreduction center from the triazine and benzene parts to the pyridine units, modulates the energy band structures to drive the H2O2 photoproduction by 2e− oxygen reduction reaction and 2e− water oxidation reaction, and thereby enhances the H2O2 photosynthetic activity. Notably, seawater‐produced H2O2 by flow reactors packed with TBA‐COF can be directly utilized for E. coli sterilization. The present study highlights the one‐pot construction of robust COFs with thieno[3,2‐c]pyridine linkage via the Pictet–Spengler reaction and sustainable producing H2O2 from seawater.
Tau Pathology Drives Disease‐Associated Astrocyte Reactivity in Salt‐Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Rui Tong‐Yu , Huang He‐Zhou , Zheng Kai , Fan Hong‐Wei , Zhang Juan , Guo Zi‐Yuan , Man Heng‐Ye , Brazhe Nadezhda , Semyanov Alexey , Lu You‐Ming , Liu Dan , Zhu Ling‐Qiang
Published: January 2025

Dietary high salt intake is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have identified a population of disease‐associated astrocytes (DAA)‐like astrocytes closely linked to amyloid deposition and tau pathology in an AD mouse model. However, the presence and role of these astrocytes in high‐salt diet (HSD) models remain unexplored. In this study, it is demonstrated that HSD significantly induces enhanced reactivity of DAA‐like astrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 region of mice, with this reactivity being critically dependent on neuronal tau pathology. Neuronal tau pathology activates adenosine A1R signaling, exacerbating tau pathology by inhibiting the Cers1 pathway, which sustains astrocyte reactivity. Additionally, neurons burdened with tau pathology promote astrocyte reactivity via releasing Proteins Associated with Promoting DAA‐like Astrocyte Reactivity (PAPD), with Lcn2 playing a pivotal role. Knockout of Lcn2 or its receptor 24p3R significantly mitigates HSD‐induced DAA reactivity and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest a vicious cycle between tau pathology and A1R signaling, driving DAA‐like astrocyte reactivity. Targeting the Tau‐A1R axis may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing HSD‐induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits.
Integrative Transcriptome‐Wide Association Study With Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Colocalization Identifies a Causal VAMP8 Variant for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility
Authors: Liang Yan , Xiong Xiang‐Yu , Lin Guo‐Wang , Bai Xiaomeng , Li Fugui , Ko Josephine Mun‐Yee , Zhou Yun‐He , Xu An‐Yi , Liu Shu‐Qiang , He Shuai , Wei Pan‐Pan , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Tang Lin‐Quan , Wang Vivien Ya‐Fan , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Luo Chun‐Ling , Zeng Yanni , Lung Maria Li , Ji Mingfang , Bei Jin‐Xin
Published: January 2025

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Asia‐prevalent malignancy, yet its genetic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Here, a transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) is conducted on NPC, leveraging gene expression prediction models based on epithelial tissues and genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from 1577 NPC cases and 6359 controls of southern Chinese descent. The TWAS identifies VAMP8 on chromosome 2p11.2 as a novel susceptibility gene for NPC. Further fine‐mapping analyses pinpoint rs1058588, located within VAMP8, as a causal variant through eQTL colocalization, and GWAS analyses across multiple cohorts, achieving GWAS significance (OR = 1.18, P = 3.09 × 10−10). Functional assays demonstrate that VAMP8 exerts a tumorigenic role in NPC, enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth. Mechanically, it is uncovered that rs1058588 modulates VAMP8 expression by altering its binding affinity to miR‐185. Furthermore, the results show that VAMP8 interacts with DHX9 to facilitate the nuclear recruitment of p65, activating the NF‐κB pathway. Collectively, the findings shed light on the genetic predisposition to NPC and underscore the critical role of the functional axis involving miR‐185, VAMP8, DHX9, and the NF‐κB pathway in NPC pathogenesis.
Fabrication of Multifunctional Three‐Component Supramolecular Nano‐Biscuits via Two Macrocycles‐Involved Self‐Assembly for Rice, Citrus and Kiwifruit Protections
Authors: He Xinyu , Yang Jinghan , Chen Xue , Chen Jiajia , Zhao Haicong , Liu Juan , Du Fengpei , Wang Peiyi
Published: January 2025

Bacterial plant diseases, worsened by biofilm‐mediated resistance, are increasingly threatening global food security. Numerous attempts have been made to develop agrochemicals that inhibit biofilms, however, their ineffective foliar deposition and difficulty in removing mature biofilms remain major challenges. Herein, multifunctional three‐component supramolecular nano‐biscuits (NI6R@CB[7]@β‐CD) are successfully engineered via ordered self‐assembly between two macrocycles [cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)] and (R)‐2‐naphthol‐based bis‐imidazolium bromide salt (NI6R). This macrocycles‐involved bactericidal material combines many advantages. 1) Alleviate the off‐target movement of droplets on hydrophobic blade surfaces. 2) Enhance the biofilm‐disrupting ability. At a low‐dose of 4.44 µg mL−1, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation reached 78.3%. At 35.5 µg mL−1, the potency to remove mature biofilms reached 77.6%. 3) Efficiently hinder bacterial reproduction, swimming, extracellular polysaccharide production, extracellular enzyme secretion, and virulence to plants. These superior characteristics are undoubtedly transmitted to the in vivo control effect. At 200 µg mL−1, this smart material exhibits superior control efficiencies of 49.6%/65.0%/85.4% against three kinds of bacterial diseases (rice leaf blight, citrus canker, and kiwifruit canker), respectively, surpassing the commercial bactericide—thiodiazole‐copper‐20%SC (33.6%/41.5%/43.2%) and NI6R (40.3%/51.2%/71.2%). Furthermore, NI6R@CB[7]@β‐CD is biosafe to non‐target organisms. This study is instructive for constructing multifunctional agrochemicals in sustainable crop protection.
Prediction of Cyclic O6 Molecules Stabilized by Helium under Pressure
Authors: Hou Jingyu , Zhu Qiang , Weng Xiao‐Ji , Shao Xi , Dong Xiao , Wang Hui‐Tian , Zhou Xiang‐Feng , Tian Yongjun
Published: January 2025

Oxygen usually exists in the form of diatomic molecules at ambient conditions. At high pressure, it undergoes a series of phase transitions from diatomic O2 to O8 cluster and ultimately dissociates into a polymeric O4 spiral chain structure. Intriguingly, the commonly found cyclic hexameric molecules in other group VIA elements (e.g., S6 and Se6) are never reported in the bulk oxygen. Through extensive computational crystal structure search, herein it is reported that such hexameric O6 molecules can exist in a stable compound HeO3 above 1.9 TPa. The first‐principles calculations reveal that, during the reaction by mixing oxygen with helium, the insertion of helium does not only expand the lattice volume, but also relieves the electron lone pair repulsion among diatomic O2, and thus significantly promoting the formation of cyclic O6 molecules. Furthermore, the transition pathway calculations demonstrate that molecular O2 is dissociated first, and then six oxygen atoms form a polymeric digital 2‐shaped intermediate O6. Subsequently, each unstable intermediate O6 decomposes into two intermedia O3 trimers. Finally, O3 trimers transform into cyclic O6 molecules at high pressure. This study expands the known molecular forms of oxygen and suggests a route to the synthesis of intriguing cyclic O6 molecules.
Understanding and Tuning Fe‐Doping on Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Particle and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Qu Shaoqing , Ma Ruiman , Efimov Igor , Hadjittofis Eftychios , Vernuccio Sergio , Campbell Kyra Sedransk
Published: January 2025

Zn‐based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising photocatalytic materials, but their synthesis faces environmental and economic challenges. Oxidative ionothermal synthesis (OIS) offers a green route for zinc oxide synthesis using ionic liquids. To reduce costs, the OIS method uses recovered zinc‐containing mixed metal systems, such as electric arc furnace dust, instead of pure metallic Zn. Understanding the interaction of Zn with impure metals during oxidation is essential. This study employs 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as the solvent and Fe‐doped metallic Zn, the most common waste‐stream metal, as the starting material. This study applies quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to monitor product formation, and X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to characterize composition and morphology. Results show that FeCl2 doping accelerates the reaction, transforming simonkolleite to Zn–Fe LDH with tunable morphologies. A reaction mechanism for Zn in [BMIM]Cl with FeCl2 is proposed. Photocatalytic hydrogen production tests reveal a favorable hydrogen evolution rate of 20.9 μmol h−1 g−1 with 0.45 M FeCl2 doping, attributed to improved surface structure and crystallinity of the hydrotalcite.
Enhancing Tumor Cell Affinity and Inhibiting Growth With Albumin‐Coated Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoparticle Micelles
Authors: Tan Xiaowei , Liu Ziyi , Ouyang Cuiling , Deng Minxin , Xiao Jingyi , Xiao Shufen , Huang Tuo , Yu Siyu , Chen Hezhang , Chu Hui , Chen Jian
Published: January 2025

Chitosan (CS)‐based drug delivery systems often face challenges in obtaining clinical approval. Enhancing the binding affinity of CS‐based carriers to target cells, such as tumor cells, is crucial for their translation from bench to bedside. Strategies like crosslinking (NHS‐disulfide‐NHS) and utilizing materials like albumin have proven effective in strengthening interactions between CS‐based nanoparticles and tumor cells, thereby enhancing cellular uptake (cellular avidity). This study presents a novel approach using crosslinked CS nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin, featuring reduction‐responsive drug release and albumin coating. The albumin‐coated crosslinked chitosan (ACCC) was assembled via reaction between amino of CS/albumin and NHS‐disulfide‐NHS. The resulting ACCC nanoparticle micelles demonstrate enhanced stability of the micelles. The hybrid crosslinked network ensures stability while providing ample space for drug loading and achieves reduction‐responsive drug release through disulfide bond crosslinking. Moreover, the proposed system possesses excellent biocompatibility. Compared to uncoated crosslinked chitosan nanoparticle micelles, ACCC nanoparticle micelles exhibit potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells, particularly in reducing environment. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses confirm the enhanced cellular affinity conferred by albumin coating. These findings underscore the potential of ACCC nanoparticles in improving tumor cell adhesion and anti‐tumor efficacy, thus offering promising prospects for translational medicine in CS‐based drug delivery.
Preparation and Characterization of Waterborne Multihydroxy Crosslinked Polyurethane Hybrid Core–Shell Emulsion
Authors: Zhang Taishun , Zhou Manli , Zhang Bao , Peng Xiaohong
Published: January 2025

The use of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the effort to address the issue of glare. However, WPU continues to exhibit certain limitations in terms of its performance, including deficiencies in mechanical properties, and low chemical resistance. Consequently, this study employed polyacrylate (PA) modification to create waterborne polyurethane/acrylate (WPUA) hybrid emulsions with a core–shell structure, aiming to enhance their optical properties. Furthermore, different types of alcohol crosslinkers were added to investigate their effects on the optical and mechanical properties of the coatings. Accordingly, this paper presented the design and preparation of a multihydroxyl crosslinking modified antiglare core–shell PU@PA heteropolymer resin utilizing five different hydroxyl‐containing crosslinking agents: polyhydroxy alcohols, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, xylitol, and dipentaerythritol. The impact of selecting crosslinkers with varying hydroxyl numbers as well as optimizing their concentrations on particle size, gloss, and tensile strength of WPUA was thoroughly examined. Results revealed that with xylitol as the crosslinker at a mass fraction of 0.9%, the emulsion's average particle size was 680.6 nm, the gloss of the coating reached 42.8 GU, and the tensile strength was 22.31 MPa. The resulting functional WPUA exhibited excellent optical and mechanical properties, offering new insights for the development of antiglare coatings.
A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull
Authors: DeLeon Valerie B. , Smith Timothy D.
Published: January 2025

Bones of the skull are traditionally categorized as derived from either endochondral or intramembranous bone. In our previous work, we have observed the interaction of different tissue types in growth of the skull. We find the dichotomy of intramembranous and endochondral bone to be too restrictive, limiting our interpretation of sources of biological variation. Here, we advocate for the use of the term ectochondral bone to describe bone that originates from an endochondral model but is directed in its subsequent growth by membranes and other fascial attachments. Growth of the alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid are described as two examples of ectochondral bone, influenced in their shape primarily by the surrounding soft tissues. Ectochondral bone may be an ideal mechanism for rapidly evolving new phenotypes. Instead of evolving novelties by altering morphology of the cartilage template, novel features may be formed by ectochondral ossification, a more direct and rapid mode of osteogenesis than that of the cartilage template.
Metal ion (Mn+)‐condensed DNA nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Moon Jeesu , Kim Sang‐Won , Lee Jae‐Seung
Published: January 2025

Metal ion (Mn+)‐induced DNA condensation is a critical process observed in both natural and synthetic contexts, playing a central role in the formation of nanoscale DNA‐based materials. This phenomenon leverages the ability of multivalent Mn+s to neutralize the negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone, promote electrostatic cross‐linking, and enable coordination bonding, leading to compact and organized DNA nanostructures. Recent advancements have focused on synthesizing Mn+‐condensed DNA nanoparticles (Mn+‐CDNPs) through controlled molecular assembly, utilizing the interplay of DNA sequence specificity, Mn+ type, and environmental conditions. The choice of Mn+ significantly influences the properties of Mn+‐CDNPs, imparting functionalities including fluorescence, magnetism, and catalytic activity, which are tailored for applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic delivery. However, several challenges remain in fully realizing the potential of Mn+‐CDNPs. These include scalability issues, morphological control beyond isotropic spherical nanoparticles, and ensuring biocompatibility, particularly when using heavy Mn+s. Innovations in synthesis strategies, such as optimizing phase transitions during condensation and incorporating programmable DNA sequences, have enabled enhanced structural precision and functionality. Surface modification techniques, such as coating with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or silica shells, have further expanded the stability and applicability of Mn+‐CDNPs. Additionally, the inclusion of functional additives, such as drugs and proteins, has broadened their use in targeted therapy and controlled release systems. This review highlights the advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of Mn+‐CDNPs, emphasizing their potential as multifunctional platforms for biomedical and nanotechnological innovations. Future efforts must address challenges in reproducibility, toxicity, and structural diversity through interdisciplinary approaches combining experimental, computational, and engineering strategies. By overcoming these barriers, Mn+‐CDNPs hold promise for transformative advancements in nanomedicine, chemical sensing, and programmable material design.
Platform Selection for Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Practical Approach
Authors: Valvo Roberto , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Sisinni Antonio , Squillace Mattia , Bedogni Francesco , Testa Luca
Published: January 2025

Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve Replacement (TAVR) has become the standard therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis in patients over 75 years old in Europe or 65 years old in the United States, regardless of the surgical risk. Furthermore, iterations of existing transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs), as well as devices with novel concepts, have provided substantial improvements with respect to the limitations of previous‐generation devices. Hence, treatment of a broader spectrum of patients has become feasible, and a sophisticated selection of the appropriate TAV tailored to patients' anatomy and comorbidities is now possible. Anatomy, patient characteristics, and operator experience must all inform proper device selection. This review describes the features and performance of the current generation of TAVs with the aim of providing a practical approach for clinicians when selecting the appropriate TAV for a specific patient.
Deciphering Barriers and Strategies in Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) Adoption: A Comprehensive Two‐Decade Analysis
Authors: Zatini Giacomo , Della Porta Armando , Za Stefano
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and challenges of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) adoption across diverse industries and regions over the past two decades. Through a bibliometric analysis, this study categorizes the literature into three distinct periods, each elucidating crucial developments in EMA practices from initial theoretical formulations to their strategic integration with corporate sustainability and circular economy frameworks. The recent period particularly focuses on identifying the multifaceted challenges in EMA adoption, encapsulated in the newly developed “EMA adoption and application issue framework.” This framework not only categorizes but also visually represents systemic barriers such as regulatory constraints, organizational and cultural resistance, economic and technical obstacles, and the influence of external market forces. The analysis reveals significant regional disparities in EMA research, with a notable lack of contribution from European Union countries compared to active regions such as Australia, South Africa, and Southeast Asia, suggesting a critical need for strategic interventions to enhance EMA research and practical implementation in the EU. These findings advocate for more robust regulations, enhanced managerial commitment, and international collaboration to improve EMA adoption rates. This study aims to advance the understanding of EMA's implementation challenges and foster dialog among academics, policymakers, and practitioners to overcome these barriers and enhance the integration of EMA into sustainability strategies globally.
Improved Efficiency of Weakly Coupled Wireless High‐Power Transfer Systems by Loss‐Separation Strategy
Authors: The Nguyen Hoach , Al‐Sumaiti Ameena Saad , Alhassan Ahmad Bala , Do Ton Duc
Published: January 2025

In the equivalent T‐model of the loosely coupled transformers, the small mutual inductance can lead to higher conducting currents, which cause high losses in the primary circuit and significantly reduce the overall transfer efficiency under weak‐coupling states. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a strategy to separate the primary loss components from the weak‐coupling stage. In the proposed strategy, a gyrator in the form of a double‐resonance T‐block is added just before the weak‐coupling stage to improve the overall efficiency. Then, the strategy is realized by various topologies such as compensating circuits, added coils, isolated transformers, and integrated‐/split‐ inductors/coils. Also, the optimized designs and component selection for resonance and the mathematical derivation for optimal load resistances were investigated. ANSYS comparative analyses of the topologies are presented by considering practical aspects, including component designs, power flows, transfer efficiency, resonance frequency shifting, and optimal loads. Finally, the analyses were validated using the fabricated experimental setups and demonstrated an efficiency improvement of about 5% for a case with a coupling factor of 0.1. The proposed strategy offers suggestions for industrial designs of high‐power wireless battery charging systems using resonant inductive coils.
Nectar‐Feeding Behavior in the Mallee Ringneck, Barnardius zonarius barnardi
Authors: Hewes Amanda E. , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro , McWhorter Todd J.
Published: January 2025

Opportunistic nectarivory occurs in many avian lineages around the world. In order to understand the implications of this behavior to plant reproduction via pollination and to other nectarivores via competition, more thorough descriptions of opportunistic nectar‐feeding behavior are necessary. We observed nectar feeding of the mallee ringneck, Barnardius zonarius barnardi, on flowers of the spotted emu bush, Eremophila maculata, in the temperate mallee of South Australia. Here, we describe the nectar‐feeding behavior of B. zonarius barnardi and discuss the implications for competition with honeyeaters and the reproduction of E. maculata. We also compare the morphology of the feeding apparatus of B. zonarius barnardi with that of nectarivorous parrots, lorikeets and lories, to determine whether they share convergent morphological features to facilitate the consumption of nectar. Finally, we suggest avenues for future natural history work to better document opportunistic avian nectarivory in Australian ecosystems.
Frailty determinants in heart failure: Inflammatory markers, cognitive impairment and psychosocial interaction
Authors: Wleklik Marta , Lee Christopher S. , Lewandowski Łukasz , Czapla Michał , Jędrzejczyk Maria , Aldossary Heba , Uchmanowicz Izabella
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aimed to identify factors associated with frailty in heart failure (HF) patients, focusing on demographic, biochemical and health‐related variables. It also explored the correlation between frailty and comorbidities such as malnutrition, cognitive impairment and depression, assessing how these factors interact to influence frailty risk.

Methods

A total of 250 HF patients (mean age 73.5 ± 7.2 years; 45.6% female) hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were included. Frailty was assessed using Fried phenotype criteria. Cognitive function, depression and nutritional status were evaluated using validated instruments [Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)]. Biochemical markers included C‐reactive protein (CRP), N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were performed to assess associations and odds ratios (ORs) for frailty, adjusted for inflammation and HF type.

Results

Frailty was present in 60.4% of patients. Frail individuals exhibited significantly higher CRP (median 4.60 vs. 2.54 mg/L, P < 0.001) and NT‐proBNP (median 2558.8 vs. 1102.6 pg/mL, P = 0.001) and lower haemoglobin (13.7 vs. 14.3 g/dL, P = 0.012), eGFR (62 vs. 71 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.025) and SBP (130 vs. 134 mmHg, P = 0.026). Each 10% increase in CRP was associated with a 5.5% increase in frailty odds (P < 0.001). Frailty was linked to cognitive impairment (OR 2.1, P = 0.018), malnutrition (OR 3.0, P < 0.001) and depression (OR 3.1, P < 0.001), while high adherence to treatment reduced frailty risk by 78.9% (P = 0.027). Interactions were observed between cognitive impairment and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.020), where higher BMI mitigated the frailty odds difference between cognitively impaired and unimpaired patients. Depression's association with frailty odds varied by adherence levels (P = 0.034) and central obesity (P = 0.047), with the absence of depression offering protection against frailty in patients with central obesity. These interactions remained significant after adjustment for HF type and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and were consistent across stratifications by these factors.

Conclusions

Frailty in HF is influenced by inflammatory markers, cognitive impairment and psychosocial factors. Elevated CRP and NT‐proBNP were strong predictors of frailty. Cognitive impairment and depression were key modifiable factors, interacting with BMI, adherence and obesity. Targeting these factors with early interventions could mitigate frailty risk, improving outcomes and quality of life in HF patients.
Complexes of d‐ and f‐metal Ions with Redox‐Active and Highly Symmetric Truxenone Ligand: Effect of Cations and Coordination on Distortions of Radical Anions and Singlet–Triplet Transition in Dianions
Authors: Krivenko Kira D. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri
Published: January 2025

Truxenone (Tr) with high C3h symmetry forms crystalline radical anion and dianion salts. The {Bu3MeP+}(Tr·−)(1) and {Cp*2Co+)}(Tr·‐).2C6H4Cl2(2) show intense low‐energy absorption up to 2000nm. Calculations predict Jahn–Teller distortions for Tr·‐, which are enhanced by the asymmetric approach of cations to Tr·‐, leading to C=O bond length alternation and EPR signal asymmetry in 2. Two cesium ions form short contacts of 3.07–3.35Å with oxygen atoms of Tr2‐ in {Cryptand[2.2.2](Cs+)}2(Tr2‐)(3),  linking the dianions into a 1D polymer. Calculations suggest a triplet state for the dianions, but the unsymmetric approach of Cs+ to the oxygen atoms of Tr2‐ stabilizes the singlet ground state. The triplet state is populated above 100K. An estimated singlet–triplet energy gap is 344±7K. Radical anions of Tr·‐ coordinate with one d‐ or f‐metal, forming {Cp*2Co+}{TbIII(TMHD)3×Tr}‐.1.5C7H8(4) and {Cp*2Co+}{MnII(acac)2×Tr}‐.2.4C6H4Cl2(5). Strong antiferromagnetic TbIII–Tr·‐ coupling (J =−7.6cm−1) aligns spins of TbIII and Tr·‐ antiparallel in 4. The χMT value of 3.32 emu×K/mol at 300K for 5 with high‐spin MnII is lower‐than‐expected. That indicates a spin state of S=2 owing to the antiparallel alignment of MnII and Tr·‐ spins. Strong MnII–Tr·‐ coupling arising from the spin density localization on the oxygen coordinated to MnII. Complexes with metals demonstrate  low‐energy absorption with maxima at 1504–1740nm.
Glacier area variation in Uttarakhand Himalaya: Investigating trends and influencing factors
Authors: Shrivas Iti , Guha Supratim , Tiwari Reet Kamal , Prajapati Mohit , Taral Ashutosh Laxman
Published: January 2025

Understanding the intricate interplay between topography and glacier changes is vital for predicting future water resources and addressing the impacts of climate change. This study examines changes in glacier area in the Uttarakhand Himalayan region, where the River Ganga originates, between 2000 and 2023 using high‐resolution satellite imagery. A manual digitization process was employed to delineate the glacier boundaries of 116 glaciers for the years 2000 and 2023. Multivariate regression analysis was then conducted to identify and quantify the controlling topographical and morphological parameters. The analysis revealed significant reductions in total glacier area, decreasing from 979.05 ± 46.89 km2 in 2000 to 957.60 ± 13.67 km2 in 2023, with an overall deglaciation rate of 0.095% per year, highlighting variability in glacier responses. This variability is driven by a complex interplay of mainly slope, shape index, glacier elevation and surface ice velocity. Among these factors, the shape index emerged as the most influential. Glaciers with a higher shape index (more elongated) were found to be more stable than those with a lower shape index (more circular). A 10% difference in shape index results in a glacier with a higher shape index losing 0.112% per year less area compared to a glacier with a lower shape index. The second controlling parameter is glacier slope; glaciers with a 10% steeper slope lost 0.11% per year less area compared to those with a gentler slope. The other two parameters showed some minor impact on glacier area variation in the sample glaciers but not across the entire Uttarakhand region.
Survival, Tumor Control, and Safety Outcomes of Proton Therapy in Sinonasal Cancer Population: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Candelo Estephania , Sharifi Alireza , Ma Daniel J. , Patel Samir H. , Routman David M. , Holtzman Adam L. , Mohammadi Homan , Donaldson Angela M.
Published: January 2025

Background

In sinonasal cancer (SNC), treatment with proton therapy (PT) provides excellent local control, especially after gross total resection. Because of the heterogeneity and rarity of this disease site, a comprehensive assessment of toxicity, survival, and control rates is lacking. Our primary objective was to assess the toxicity outcomes of PT in SNC patients, with a secondary aim of assessing survival and tumor control after PT.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Ovid, Proquest, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2024 reporting PT acute and late toxicity, survival, and tumor control outcomes in SNC patients. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was used to assess the pooled safety, survival, and tumor control outcomes. The primary analysis was to report acute and late toxicity. The secondary aims included overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), and distant metastasis control (DMC) rate.

Results

Fourteen studies were included for qualitative analysis. We pooled data from 756 patients who received PT for SNC. Among acute toxicity (AT), there was a 31.9% occurrence rate of grade ≥ 3 events, whereas within late toxicity (LT), grade ≥ 3 events occurred at a rate of 35.3%. Most LT (62.1%) were classified as grade 2, with the most frequent being ocular (24.8%) or neurological (18.4%) toxicities. The most common grade ≥ 3 toxicities were mucositis (15.3%) in AT and ocular toxicity (9.6%) in LT. The pooled 5‐year OS, DFS, LC, RC, and DMC were 36.8%, 34.2%, 35.6%, 28.6%, and 54.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our analysis demonstrates that PT‐treated SNC patients experience acceptable rates of acute and LT consistent with other published outcomes with highly conformal radiation techniques. PT demonstrates favorable OS and DFS. Further prospective and comparative effectiveness research is needed to better quantify the magnitude of the benefit of PT or other forms of radiation modalities.
Brain Morphometry of Toddlers With Language Delay: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Filippi Courtney A. , Smith Elizabeth , Redcay Elizabeth , Hazlett Heather , Thompson Lauren , Manwaring Stacy S. , D'Souza Precilla , Thurm Audrey
Published: January 2025

While studies have documented neural correlates of language delay in toddlers with developmental conditions, those at genetic risk for language delay, and those born premature, no studies have examined neural correlates in toddlers exhibiting early language delay without known aetiology. This study examines brain morphometry in toddlers with and without early language delay. To do so, we collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on toddlers with language delay (LD; n = 7, Mage = 19.67 months, 3 female, 2 Hispanic and 4 non‐caucasian) and a typically developing (TD; n = 17, Mage = 22.73 months, 8 female, 2 Hispanic and 3 non‐caucasian) comparison group. Exploratory analyses examined group differences in total brain volume, cortical thickness and cortical surface area using both a whole‐brain and region of interest (Broca's and Wernicke's areas) approach. Results showed no gross brain anatomical differences between groups. However, there were group differences in cortical surface area in the temporal cortex (including Wernicke's area and left middle temporal gyrus, hedges' g = − 0.35) and Broca's area thickness. Results are reported using multiple analytic methods, age matching and exclusion of children later diagnosed with autism. While this exploratory study has a limited sample size, it provides novel findings that can be utilised to guide hypothesis‐driven imaging studies on toddler language delay.
Hybrid remote and in‐clinic maternal‐fetal surveillance for women with gestational diabetes: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Axelrod Michal , Lahav Ezra Hila , Galler Esther , Nir Omer , Ofir Keren , Barkai Galia , Sivan Eyal , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Tsur Abraham
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study explores a hybrid approach to maternal‐fetal care for gestational diabetes (GD), integrating virtual visits seamlessly with in‐clinic assessments. We assessed the feasibility, time efficiency, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes to facilitate wider adoption of maternal‐fetal telemedicine.

Methods

We conducted a 4‐week prospective study involving 20 women with GD at ≥32 weeks of pregnancy, alternating between remote and in‐clinic weekly visits. Remote assessments began with women self‐measuring vital signs and using a digital urine dipstick. The remote encounter started with a midwife performing anamnesis and remotely connecting women to the fetal nonstress test. A physician concluded the meeting with remote sonographic assessment of amniotic fluid maximal vertical pocket that together with the nonstress test provided the modified biophysical assessment as well as a video encounter and ongoing glycemic control assessment. We assessed the feasibility of remote visits, compared visit durations, evaluated women's satisfaction using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire, examined glucose documentation adherence during hybrid care compared with the following period until birth, and assessed GD‐related clinical outcomes.

Results

Remote visits had a success rate of 97.4% (38 of 39), with significantly shorter durations compared with in‐clinic visits (median 59.0 min vs. 159.0 min, P < 0.001). Women expressed high satisfaction (6.6 of 7), and adherence with recording fasting glucose values during the study period was significantly higher than the following period until birth (92.2% vs. 61.8%, P = 0.001). Notably, none required induction of labor for glycemic control imbalance, and there were no cases of macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, or neonatal hypoglycemia.

Conclusion

The hybrid approach to maternal‐fetal care for GD demonstrated feasibility, safety, time efficiency, improved patient satisfaction, and enhanced glycemic control adherence.
Suction tube uterine tamponade versus uterine balloon tamponade for treatment of refractory postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized clinical feasibility trial
Authors: Singata‐Madliki Mandisa , Nieto‐Calvache Albaro J. , Rivera Torres Luisa F. , Abdul Hazmath , Batting Joanne , Cebekhulu Sylvia N. , Chauke Lawrence , Soma‐Pillay Priya , Fawcus Susan , Govender Logie , Majeke Busiwe , Mbongozi Xolani , Middleton Katrin , Naidoo Poovangela , Ndaba Sanele , Spence Trevi , Balie Gaynor M. , Monroy Angelica , Cantor Monica , Hofmeyr G. Justus
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare low‐cost “Suction Tube Uterine Tamponade” (STUT) treatment for refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) using a randomized feasibility study.

Methods

After verbal assent, we allocated participants with refractory PPH by randomly ordered envelopes to STUT or routine UBT at 10 hospitals in South Africa and one tertiary referral center in Colombia between January 10, 2020, and May 3, 2024. In the STUT group, we inserted a 24 FG Levin stomach tube into the uterine cavity and applied suction. The control group received standard UBT, mainly the Elavi free‐flow balloon or the Bakri fixed volume balloon. There were fundamental differences between the South African and the Colombian sites, so the pre‐specified analysis combined data from the two countries by meta‐analysis.

Results

We enrolled 59 participants. The rate of the primary outcome (blood loss >1000 mL or laparotomy or death) was 8/27 (30%) in the STUT group versus 14/27 (52%) in the UBT group (risk ratio [RR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–1.05, P = 0.07). Per protocol analysis was 7/26 (27%) versus 15/28 (54%) (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.96, P = 0.04). Reporting severe pain during the procedures was less frequent in the STUT group (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, P = 0.01). Most secondary outcomes favored the STUT group, with low certainty.

Conclusions

STUT was experienced as less painful than UBT. Results were consistent with reported observational findings and one other randomized trial evidence of greater effectiveness for suction than balloon tamponade.
Bridging the gap: An outlook of oncofertility care in Africa
Authors: Odhiambo Martin , Muteshi Charles
Published: January 2025

This article examines existing literature on oncofertility in Africa and explores the barriers to oncofertility care. Patient‐level barriers include lack of awareness about fertility preservation options, financial constraints, and the heavy emotional burden of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Healthcare‐provider barriers encompass lack of awareness, prioritization of prompt cancer treatment, and implicit biases. Health‐system barriers include limited facilities that can provide assisted reproductive technologies, limited insurance coverage for oncofertility services, weak referral systems, and the absence of national guidelines on oncofertility care. Socio‐cultural barriers include religious objections, misinformation contributing to mistrust of fertility preservation options, and ethical dilemmas related to discussing future fertility with cancer patients whose primary focus is survival or with pediatric patients. This article also explores ways of improving oncofertility care in the region. These include educational initiatives for healthcare providers, capacity building, incorporation of oncofertility services into national cancer control programs, development of a centralized referral system, telemedicine, and increasing awareness to cancer patients.
A Complex Presentation of Multiple Myeloma With Renal Complications in a Young Female: Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Approach
Authors: Prajapati Hem , Patel Yash M. , Parmar Ajay C. , Patel Sahaj Y. , Shaikhjiwala Tasin Mohammedyakub
Published: January 2025

A previously healthy 30‐year‐old woman experienced worsening back pain, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and facial puffiness. After 18 months of these symptoms, she was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, which was also damaging her kidneys. The treatment involved a combination of medications and blood transfusions, leading to improved kidney function. Despite the challenges of managing her condition as a mother of young children, she remains hopeful. This case emphasizes the need for awareness of multiple myeloma in younger patients and the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care for managing this chronic illness.

Trial Registration: The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission
Liver transplantation in glycogen storage disease type III: A case‐series
Authors: Gay Simon , Bigot Adrien , d'Alteroche Louis , Dujardin Fanny , Fromont‐Hankard Gaëlle , Tressel Nathalie , Salame Ephrem , Maillot François
Published: January 2025

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of liver and muscle amylo‐1,6‐glucosidase. This condition presents with severe hepatic symptoms in childhood, mostly hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia in half of patients, while muscular complications may predominate in adulthood. Hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are common complications in older patients. Therefore, regular monitoring, including HCC screening, is essential for effective disease management. In some severe cases, liver transplantation (LT) may be necessary to treat life‐threatening complications. Here, we report the cases of three adult patients who required LT during the course of GSD III. Case #1: Diagnosis of GSD III was made in childhood, with development of hepatocellular carcinoma requiring partial hepatectomy followed by LT due to post‐operative complications. The patient recovered well and had favorable surveillance over a seven‐year period. Case #2: Diagnosis of GSD III in early childhood, with progression to cirrhosis in adulthood. Severe hepatic encephalopathy necessitated urgent transplantation, with a favorable recovery, although muscular symptoms remained present. Case #3: Diagnosis of GSD III in childhood, followed by later development of hepatocellular adenocarcinoma requiring LT. The patient recovered well and did not exhibit post‐transplant muscular symptoms. Post‐LT outcome was positive for all three GSD III patients, with significant improvement in liver function and no complications related to immunosuppression. Long‐term hepatic monitoring is essential for early detection of complications such as cirrhosis and HCC. LT indications should be individually evaluated, preferring less invasive options. These cases highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the effective management of GSD III, with particular attention to hepatic and muscular surveillance.
Pyridinium surfactants can modulate the UV response of methyl green dye‐doped polymeric films for sensor development
Authors: Signorelli Daiany Ceccon , Patiño‐Agudelo Álvaro Javier , Ferreira Gabriel Max Dias , Mageste Aparecida Barbosa , Thomasi Sérgio Sherrer , Ferreira Giovana Azevedo , Ferreira Guilherme Max Dias
Published: January 2025

Concerns about ultraviolet radiation (UV‐R) are increasing due to climate change. The effects of UV‐R on living organisms depend on exposure duration and intensity, making it crucial to monitor UV‐R levels. In this study, we investigated the role of surfactants as photosensitizing or stabilizing agents in a colorimetric sensor based on a polymeric film doped with methyl green dye. The films were synthesized using the casting technique from a filmogenic solution containing either carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol (P1) or hydroxylated polyvinyl alcohol (P2). We evaluated the impact of surfactant structure (dodecylpyridinium chloride, C12; hexadecylpyridinium chloride, C16; or sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and concentration on the colorimetric response of the films to UV‐R. Color changes were monitored using the CIELab system. The results showed that, under UV‐R exposure for up to 5 h, films without surfactants did not lose their blue hue (negative b* parameter in CIELab). While SDS stabilized the dye in the polymeric matrix, films containing pyridinium surfactants (C12 or C16) changed color from blue to pale yellow (positive b* parameter in CIELab). The color change, which was modulated by surfactant concentration, was attributed to radical reactions involving the pyridinium surfactants, influenced by their hydrophobicity and the polymer structure. These results represent a significant advancement in colorimetric sensors for UV‐R, as they allow for the modulation of the sensor's response time through surfactant concentration in the polymeric film.
Enhancing Optical Sectioning in Structured Illumination Microscopy With Axially Confined Fringe Modulation
Authors: Li Jiaoyue , Chen Xiaofei , Wen Kai , An Sha , Zheng Juanjuan , Ma Ying , Wang Xiaofang , Dan Dan , Yao Baoli , Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Gao Peng
Published: January 2025

Optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS‐SIM) is a fast, minimally invasive 3D imaging technique that has found widespread application in the biosciences. It is based on sample illumination with several illumination fringe patterns featuring distinct mutual phase shifts, from which an axially sectioned image is reconstructed. Its optical sectioning capability is commonly attributed to the attenuation of the fringe modulation of light collected from planes displaced from the focal plane. However, in addition to this effect, which is governed solely by the detection optics, optical sectioning can be further enhanced by confining the fringe modulation axially via partially coherent illumination (PCI). To establish guidelines for optimal illumination field shaping, both theoretically and experimentally are investigated, the optical sectioning strength of OS‐SIM upon variation of the two key parameters, modulation period and angular spectrum of the incident illumination. By using PCI with OS‐SIM, nearly fivefold and 1.4‐fold enhanced axial resolution have achieved for scattering (non‐fluorescent) and fluorescent samples, respectively. This work elucidates the optical sectioning mechanism of OS‐SIM and provides a perspective for further optimization.
Semigroup Dynamics and Chaotic Behavior in Second‐Order Partial Differential Equations on H1×L2$$ {H}^1\times {L}^2 $$ Space
Authors: Menchih Manal , Hilal Khalid , Kajouni Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the dynamics of a second‐order partial differential equation within the space described by
Under suitable conditions on the parameters , and , we demonstrate that the solution of the linearized version of our proposed model generates mixing, chaotic, and distributionally chaotic strongly continuous semigroups on the product space . Additionally, our treatment of the nonhomogeneous model establishes that its solution, while not generating a strongly continuous semigroup, exhibits chaotic and distributionally chaotic behavior on the space . Moreover, we provide a compelling application of our proposed model, showcasing instances where chaos manifests.
Cover Image
Authors: He Yongxi , Zhang Jiacheng , Zhang Yiqun , Duan Xuechao , Zhou Jinzhu , Gao Wenjie , Li Xun , Fan Guanheng , Li Peng
Published: January 2025

The cover image is based on the article Porous structural battery composite for coordinated integration of mechanical and electrical functionalities by Yongxi He et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29060.

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