bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of psychological responses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among Chinese police officers in Wuhu
Authors: Yuan Lili , Zhu Lele , Chen Fangfang , Cheng Qian , Yang Qian , Zhou Zhiming , Zhu Yujuan , Wu Yigao , Zhou Yong , Zha Xiaojuan
Published: June 2020

Background

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious threats to people’s health and lives. The police officers are bravely fighting on the front lines of the epidemic. Our study is the first survey of psychological response in the police officers of China during the tumultuous time of the COVID − 19 outbreak.
Methods

A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted to the police officers from 5 districts (Yijiang, Sanshan, Jiujiang, jinghu and Jingkai) and 4 counties (Wuhu, Nanling,Fanchang and Wuwei) of Wuhu City through Wechat, and the data were collected between 10 and 26 March 2020. A total of 3561 questionnaires were received in the study, of which 3517 were considered valid. The questionnaires included the demographic information and psychological survey. The depression scale of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were employed to assess depression and anxiety, respectively.
Results

The mean depression score of the participants was 4.10 ± 4.87 (0 ~ 27). 12.17% of the police officers had moderate to severe depression. The mean anxiety score of the participants was 3.59 ± 4.228 (0 ~ 21). 8.79% the police officers had moderate to severe anxiety. The participants of senior high school or below and academy had lower depression and anxiety scores than these of bachelor or above, respectively. The police officers Unmarried had lower anxiety scores than married. The different location and police classification were associated with the different degree of depression and anxiety. The participants who did not take sleeping pills had lower depression and anxiety scores than those who took sleeping pills. The depression scores of the police officers were strongly correlated with their anxiety scores of the police officers.
Conclusion

The police officers have different levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhu. We should call for attention to the psychological response of police officers during the epidemic, and provide them with corresponding help and follow-up.
Evaluating the TubridgeTM Flow Diverter for Large Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Jia Luqiong , Wang Jiejun , Zhang Longhui , Zhang Yunfeng , You Wei , Yang xinjian , Lv Ming
Published: June 2020

Background: The TubridgeTM flow diverter (TFD) was recently developed in China; however, its safety and efficacy in treating large cavernous carotid artery aneurysms (LCCAs) are unclear.Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TFD in patients receiving TFDs to treat LCCAs (10–25 mm). Methods: Between June 2013 and May 2014, seven patients with LCCAs were enrolled in our study, and all seven patients underwent TFD implantation combined with coils.Results: Angiographic follow-up images were available for all seven patients at a median of 57.5 ± 16.7 (range, 6–69) months. Seven patients obtained favorable angiographic results defined as O’Kelly–Marotta Scale C and D. Clinical follow-up data were available for all seven patients at a median of 73.32 ± 3.6 (range, 66–78) months. No patients developed new neurological deficits. Six patients achieved a modified Rankin scale score of 0, and diplopia improved in the remaining patient.Conclusions: Results were excellent for the aneurysms treated with TFDs in our patients with LCCAs. TFDs are feasible for the treatment of LCCAs, but a multicenter, controlled clinical trial is needed to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of the TFD to treat LCCAs.
Icariin Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorated Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Rats
Authors: Sun Ying , Wang Dongbo , Tang Dao , Liu Yanjie , Xu Fei , Wang Zhengguang , Liu Ziqi
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease, it has caused the high incidence of related fractures, which seriously affects the life quality of the patients, especially in early postmenopausal women. Methods: Rat osteoporosis model was induced by bilateral ovarian ablation. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=9): sham group, model group, the icariin group, ADSCs group, icariin combined with ADSCs group. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of femur. The expression of calcitonin receptor (CALCR) and cathepsin K (CTSK) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were measured by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results: The results showed that icariin combined with ADSCs ameliorated osteoblast morphology and bone density. Icariin combined with ADSCs significantly attenuated the protein expression of CALCR and CTSK after ovariectomy. Moreover, the expressions of OPG mRNA and protein were increased (p < 0.05), while the expressions of RANKL mRNA and protein were decreased (p < 0.05) in osteoblasts.Conclusions: Icariin combined with ADSCs can effectively inhibit PMOP in rats. The mechanism may be achieved by up-regulated the ratio of OPG / RANKL.
Socially Connected during COVID-19: Online social connections mediate the relationship between loneliness and positive coping strategies
Authors: Moore Kathleen Anne , March Evita
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, spend across the world in early 2020. Many countries imposed social isolation restrictions where people were confined to their homes unless their work was deemed an essential service or for short outings to obtain necessary food and household supplies. We hypothesised that a lack of face-to-face social interactions would contribute to feelings of loneliness and reductions in healthy coping behaviours, and predicted that use of media connections to liaise with others would mediate this negative relationship. Two hundred and ten participants responded to an online survey with useable data available from 181 persons (127 females) (age M = 37.82 years, SD = 13.24). Data from a series of scales designed for this study revealed moderate levels of loneliness that directly predicted reduced engagement in healthy coping behaviours. This direct relationship was mediated by the use of media connections to liaise with others during the period of social isolation. Exploratory Factor Analyses indicated media connections included two factors: Communication (e.g., phoning, texting) and social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram). While the data were not representative of the wider population in terms of education and gender spread, the diversity of ages is a compensating factor. Suggestions for maintaining health and the importance of support during times of trauma, to wit, the COVID-19 pandemic, are discussed.
Treatment Intensity Stratification in COVID-19 by Fully Automated Analysis of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Metrics on Initial Chest CT using Deep Learning
Authors: Weikert Thomas , Rapaka Saikiran , Grbic Sasa , Re Thomas , Chaganti Shikha , Winkel David , Anastasopoulos Constantinos , Bremerich Jens , Twerenbold Raphael , Sommer Gregor , Comaniciu Dorin , Sauter Alexander W.
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo predict ultimate treatment intensity of COVID-19 patients using pulmonary and cardiovascular metrics fully automatically extracted from initial chest CTs.Methods All patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR at our emergency department between March 25 and April 14, 2020 were identified (n=391). For those patients, all initial chest CTs were analyzed (n=85). Multiple pulmonary and cardiovascular metrics were extracted using deep convolutional neural networks. Three clinical treatment intensity groups were defined according to the most intensive treatment of a patient, determined six weeks later: Group 1 (outpatient), group 2 (general ward), and group 3 (intensive care unit; ICU). Univariate analyses were performed to analyze differences between groups. Subsequently, multiple metrics were combined in two binary logistic regression analyses and resulting prediction probabilities used to classify whether a patient needed hospitalization or ICU care. For analysis of discriminatory power, ROC curves were plotted and areas-under-the-curves (AUCs) calculated.ResultsThe mean interval between presentation at the emergency department and the chest CT was 1.4 days. Among others, mean percentage of lung volume affected by opacities (PO) and mean total pericardial volume (TPV) increased statistically significantly with higher treatment intensity [from group 1 to 3, standard deviation in brackets: PO: 0.8%(1.5)–11.6%(13.1)–31.6%(20.1); TPV: 733.4ml(231.7)–866.2ml(211.2)–925.7ml(125.5); both: p<0.001]. AUCs were 0.85 (ICU vs. no ICU) and 0.94 (hospitalization vs. no hospitalization).Conclusions Metrics fully automatically extracted from initial chest CTs increase with treatment intensity of COVID-19 patients. This information can be exploited to prospectively manage allocation of healthcare resources.
Plasma Alkylresorcinol Metabolite, A Biomarker of Whole-Grain Wheat and Rye Intake, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhou Li , Mo Xiaoxing , Wang Qiang , Liu Hongjie , Liu Yang , Luo Qinchun , Yin Jiawei , Peng Xiaobo , Huang Yue , Li Xiaoqin , Shan Zhilei , Liu Guohong , Xia Chao , Cheng Jinquan , Yang Wei , Sun Taoping , Liu Liegang
Published: June 2020

Background: Whole-grain intake assessed through dietary recording methods has been suggested to be inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in several epidemiological studies. However, limited studies have evaluated the association between whole-grain intake and MetS risk when using objective biomarkers of whole-grain intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and MetS risk in a Chinese population.Methods: A case-control study of 667 MetS cases and 667 matched controls was conducted based on baseline data of the Tongji-Ezhou Cohort study. Plasma DHPPA concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MetS was determined using definition of the Joint Interim Statement.Results: Plasma DHPPA was inversely associated with MetS risk. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity and education level, the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS across increasing quartiles of plasma DHPPA concentrations were 1 (referent), 0.86 (0.58-1.26), 0.77 (0.52-1.15), and 0.59 (0.39-0.89), respectively. The inverse relation between plasma DHPPA and MetS persisted in stratified analyses according to confounding factors. In addition, the cubic spline analysis revealed a potential nonlinear association between plasma DHPPA and MetS, with a steep reduction in the risk at the lower range of plasma DHPPA concentration.Conclusions: Our study revealed that higher plasma DHPPA concentrations were associated with lower odds of MetS. Our findings provided further evidence to support health benefits of whole grain consumption.
Effect of Educational Progressive Web Application on Patient’s Oral and Denture Knowledge and Hygiene: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Ng Jade Yi Ming , Lim Tong Wah , Tarib Natasya , Ho Ting Khee
Published: June 2020

Background: Patient dental education is crucial for the prevention of oral diseases. Effective conveyance of post-denture delivery instructions is beneficial for promoting good oral and denture hygiene. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel progressive web application (PWA) on the patient’s oral and denture knowledge and hygiene. The patient’s acceptance of this new educational approach was also assessed.Methods: A parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A total of 52 cobalt–chromium removable partial denture wearers aged 25–75 years were randomised into two groups. The participants in the PWA group were educated using PWA, whereas those in the control group were educated verbally, accompanied by a practical demonstration of hygienic procedures. A questionnaire was provided to evaluate the changes in the participants’ knowledge score at baseline, immediately after education and at 3 months after education. A blinded single examiner conducted the clinical assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and denture plaque (DP) scores at baseline (D0) and at 1 month (D30) and 3 months after education (D90). The patients’ acceptance of PWA was explored through usage logs and a feedback form. Data were analysed using two-way mixed ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test.Results: A total of 49 participants were analysed. The PWA and control groups showed significant improvement in knowledge scores and oral and denture hygiene indices (p < 0.001) after education. The PWA group demonstrated lower PI, GI and DP scores than the control group at D30 and D90. However, only the GI was significantly lower (p = 0.008) at D90. In addition, 92% of the participants used PWA at least once after being introduced to it.Conclusions: PWA was effective in improving the patients’ oral and denture knowledge and hygiene. The participants also found it as a useful reference material for denture care. Thus, PWA is a viable option for providing post-denture delivery instructions.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials NCT04358172. Retrospectively registered on 21/04/2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04358172
Vitamin D Variants Levels Exposed and Association With the Disease Severity in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Al-Thagfan Sultan S , Ahmed Sameh , Emara Magdy M , Awadallah Mohamed Fawzi
Published: June 2020

Background: Several vitamin D variants may be involved in immunity modulation including; vitamin D2 (D2), vitamin D3 (D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH) D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). The objective of this study is to assess serum levels of vitamin D variants in bronchial asthma patients and their correlations with disease activity markers.Methods: 113 persons divided into two groups were enrolled in this study. The first group included 73 asthmatic patients (57 males and 16 females) and the second included 40 healthy adult (31 male and 9 female) as a control group. Vitamin D variants serum levels were assessed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass system. Different disease activity markers were assessed and correlated with serum levels of vitamin D variants. These markers included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC% , peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow25–75% (FEF25-75%), eosinophilic blood count, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE), Results: The study showed that asthmatic patients had significant lower serum levels of vitamin D variants in comparison with the healthy control group (p ≤ 0.001). Also, serum vitamin D variants levels were significantly decreased in uncontrolled asthmatic patients as compared with the partially controlled and controlled patients. The correlation values were higher for 25(OH) D3 and 1,25-(OH) 2D3 compared to D2 and D3. Negative correlations were seen for eosinophilic blood count, total IgE and ACT.Conclusion: Serum levels of all vitamin D variants were reduced in asthmatic patients with moderate to strong correlations to the disease severity. These results suggest that vitamin D deficiency or even insufficiency may play a role in disease severity.
Recognizing the Hidden: Strengthening the HIV Surveillance System among Key and Priority Populations in Mozambique
Authors: Baltazar Cynthia Semá , Boothe Makini , Langa Denise Chitsondzo , Sathane Isabel , Horth Roberta , Young Peter , Schaad Nick , Raymond Henry F
Published: June 2020

High quality, representative data from HIV surveillance systems that have country ownership and commitment are critical for guiding national HIV responses. This is especially true for key and priority populations given their disproportionate role in the transmission of the virus. Since 2011, the Mozambique Ministry of Health has conducted five Biobehavioral Surveillance Surveys among key and priority populations as part of the national HIV surveillance system. We describe the experience of strengthening the HIV surveillance system among those populations through the implementation of these surveys in Mozambique. We document the lessons learned and the impact on coordination and collaboration; workforce development and institutional capacity building; data use and dissemination; advocacy and policy impact; financial sustainability and community impact. Given that traditional surveillance methodologies from routine data often do not capture these hidden populations, it will be important to ensure that BBS surveys are an integral part of ongoing HIV surveillance activities in Mozambique.
Yap Promotes Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Epithelium-derived Innate Cytokine Expression via the NF-κb Pathway in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Deng Huiyi , Li Meijiao , Zheng Rui. , Qiu Huijun , Yuan Tian , Wang Weihao , Chen Zhuanggui , Yang Qintai , Long Zijie , Huang Xuekun
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study intends to investigate the role of YAP and the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway in nasal epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of epithelium-derived cytokines in CRSwNP.Methods: The expression levels of YAP, TEAD1, Ki-67, and NF-κB in sinonasal mucosa, primary nasal epithelial cells (NPECs), and human nasal epithelial RPMI 2650 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. NPECs were cultured and treated with verteporfin (VP), a selective YAP inhibitor, YAP shRNA or BAY 11-7082, a small molecule inhibitor of NF-κB. The relationship between cell proliferation and hippo pathway activity was explored using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labelling and colony formation assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were examined through flow cytometry (FCM) assay. The epithelium-derived cytokines including interleukin (IL-) 33, IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP) were detected by RT-qPCR.Results: The hippo pathway effector YAP, Ki-67, p65 NF-κB, and cyclin D1were significantly increased in CRSwNP compared with control mucosa; which was accompanied by overexpression of interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoieth (TSLP). Pharmaceutical inhibition of YAP by VP suppressed cell proliferation of RPMI 2650 cells by blocking cell cycle progression at G0/G1 without inducing obvious cell apoptosis. Furthermore, lentiviral transfection-mediated knockdown of hippo pathway activity reduced the expression of IL-33,,IL-25, TSLP as well as p65 NF-κB in RPMI 2650 cells. Downregulation of NF-κB pathway with BAY 11-7082 in NPECs could decrease the mRNA level of TSLP, IL-33 and IL-25 accordingly.Conclusions: Inhibition of hippo pathway suppressednasal epithelial cell proliferation and declined the expression of epithelium-derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 and TSLP expression via the NF-κB signalling pathway in NPECs.
Mechanism of PQQ and CoQ10 overproduction in Methylobacterium as revealed by comparative genomic analysis between mutant and wild-type strains
Authors: Zhao Changle , Wan Yinping , Cao Xiaojie , Zhang Huili , Bao Xin
Published: June 2020

Background

The microbial synthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) remains the most promising industrial production route. Methylobacterium has been used to generate PQQ and other value-added chemicals from cheap carbon feedstocks.However, the low PQQ and CoQ10 production capacity of the Methylobacterium strains is a major limitation The regulation mechanism for PQQ and CoQ10 biosynthesis in this strain has also not been fully elucidated.
Results

Methylobacterium sp. CLZ strain was isolated from soil contaminated with chemical wastewater, which can simultaneously produce PQQ, CoQ10, and carotenoids by using cheap methanol as carbon source. We investigated a mutant strain NI91, which increased the PQQ and CoQ10 yield by 72.44% and 59.80%, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of NI91 and wild-type strain CLZ revealed that both contain a 5.28 Mb chromosome. The comparative genomic analysis and validation study revealed that a significant increase in biomass and PQQ production was associated with the base mutations in the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) synthesis genes, mxaD and mxaJ. The significant increase in CoQ10 production may be associated with the base mutations in dxs gene, a key gene in the MEP/DOXP pathway.
Conclusions

A PQQ producing strain that simultaneously produces CoQ10 and carotenoids was selected and after ANI analysis, named as Methylobacterium sp. CLZ. After random mutagenesis of this strain, we obtained NI91 strain, which showed increased production of PQQ and CoQ10. Based on comparative genomic analysis of the whole genome of mutant strain NI91 and wild-type strain CLZ, a total of 270 SNPs and InDels events were detected, which provided a reference for subsequent research. The mutations in mxaD, mxaJ and dxs genes may be related to the high yield of PQQ and CoQ10. These findings will enhance our understanding of the PQQ and CoQ10 over-production mechanism in Methylobacterium sp. NI91 at the genomic level. It will also provide useful clues for strain engineering in order to improve the PQQ and CoQ10 production.
Treatment Outcome Of Malaria And Associated Factors Among Adults Admitted In Arba Minch General Hospital 2015-2018, Southern Nation Nationality And People Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Yesera Gesila Endashaw , Asfaw Hussen Mekonnen , Bekele Solomon Kassa , Dinegd Negalegn e Getahun
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Progression to severe and fatal disease is largely but not entirely confined to Plasmodium falciparum infections. Despite remarkable progress in recent years, malaria remains a leading cause of sickness and death across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria disproportionately impacts the rural poor, typically people who must walk for miles to seek treatment. Methods: Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General Hospital on February 2019. Data was collected from patient record whom admitted with severe malaria in the past 4 years from Sep. 2015 – September 2018. Data was entered to Epidata 3.1. And then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the outcome variable and independent variables using Odds Ratio; significant of statistical association was tested using 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value (<0.05). Result: Out of 422 patients with severe malaria intended to be included in the study, 387 cases were actually involved with response rate of 91.7%. The mortality rate associated with severe malaria in the year between 2015-2018 at Arba Minch General Hospital was 5.7%. Co-morbidity, impaired consciousness and acidosis were significantly associated with mortality, at significant level of P <0.05. Conclusion: co-morbidity, impaired consciousness and Acidosis were found to be poor prognostic indicators for patients with severe malaria, so priority should be given for those patients who came with such manifestations.
Impact of COVID-19 on Neurological Manifestations: An Overview of Stroke Presentation in Pandemic.
Authors: Fatima Nida , Saqqur Maher , Shauib Ashfaq
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a globally challenging issue after its emergence in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Despite its common presentation as respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 have also shown neurological manifestation especially stroke. Therefore, the authors sought to determine the etiology, underlying risk factors, and outcomes among patients with COVID-19 presenting with stroke. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the electronic database (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) using different MeSH terms from January 2000 to June 2020. Results: A total of 39 patients with stroke from 6 studies were included. The mean age of our included patients was 61.4±14.2 years. Majority of the patients (92.3%) with COVID-19 had ischemic stroke, 5.1% had hemorrhagic stroke, and 2.6% had cerebral venous thrombosis at the time of initial clinical presentation. Almost all of the patients presented had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. 51.2% of the included patients infected with COVID-19 with stroke died, while remaining patients were either discharged home or transferred to a rehabilitation unit. Conclusion: Exploring the neurological manifestation in terms of stroke among patients with COVID-19 is a step towards better understanding of the virus, preventing further spread, and treating the patients affected by this pandemic.
Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in Pintomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area of Non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis from Honduras
Authors: Sosa-Ochoa Wilfredo Humberto , Amador Javier Varela , Lozano-Sardaneta Yokomi N , Segura Gabriela Rodriguez , Zúniga Concepcion , Araujo Gabriela V. , Sandoval Carmen M. , Laurenti Márcia D. , Galvis-Ovallos Fredy
Published: June 2020

Background The two most abundant sand flies species in Honduran Pacific coast are Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis and Pintomyia (Pintomyia) evansi. Both species are proved vectors of the agent of for visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Although, visceral and cutaneous non-ulcerated leishmaniasis are endemic of the Central American Pacific, being the Non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis the most frequent manifestation. In this study, we evaluate the circulation of Leishmania spp in sand flies species in the El Tigre Island, an endemic area of Visceral and Non -ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras. Results Six sand flies species were identified, being Lu. longipalpis (81%) and Pi. evansi (16%) the more abundant species. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum DNA was found in 9 of the 96 specimens analyzed, 7 of these specimens was identify as Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis and 2 as Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) evansi, with an infection rate of 9.4% and 2.7% respectively. Conclusion Our results present the first record of Leishmania (L.) infantum DNA in Pintomyia (Pintomyia) evansi in a Non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic region from Central America. Considering the natural infection of Lu. longipalpis our results suggest that Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) evansi might be a secondary vector of Leishmania (L.) infantum and probably involved in the disease’s transmission cycle. Undoubtedly, the detection of natural infections of in this region contributes to the understanding of the L. (L.) infantum infection epidemiology in Honduras
Active Tunable THz Metamaterial Array Implemented in CMOS Technology
Authors: Liu Yongshan , Sun Tong , Wu Xiaojun , Bai Zhongyang , Sun Yun , Li Helin , Zhang Haoyi , Chen Kanglong , Ruan Cunjun , Sun Yuzu , Hu Yuanqi , Nie Tianxiao , Wen Lianggong
Published: June 2020

Terahertz (THz) metamaterial modulators offer multifaceted capabilities for various practical applications such as THz imaging, wireless communications, sensing, et cetera. However, compared to the modulation devices for other electromagnetic bands, the ubiquitous proliferation of THz applications is severely impeded by the tremendous lack of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technology. Here we demonstrate a CMOS based actively tunable THz metamaterial array (C-ATTMA) with split ring resonators (SRRs). The THz metamaterial modulators can be externally controlled with an electrically-controlled dynamic. The C-ATTMA fabricated by the 180 nm CMOS technology featuring a resonant frequency of 0.30 THz was connected to the source and drain of a bottom metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) through the vias. By delicately controlling the MOSFET gate voltage, the equivalent circuit response of the C-ATTMA was actively engineered, enabling tailoring THz resonance frequencies. Under a gate voltage of 1.8 V, we successfully realized a 35 GHz modulation bandwidth with [[EQUATION]] phase modulation. The exhibited CMOS-compatible electrically-regulated THz metamaterials may provide enormous potentials for implementing THz wireless communications, information encryption, THz compressed sensing imaging, et cetera.
Compressive Test Characteristics and Constitutive Relation of Wet Polypropylene Macrofibers Shotcrete
Authors: LI Fenghui , Cheng Yunhai , Wu Fei , Su Chang , Li Gangwei
Published: June 2020

Shotcrete is often subject to poor ductility and cracking problems, particularly under high stresses. To address these issues, we investigated the feasibility of adding polypropylene macrofibres to shotcrete. To evaluate the supporting effect, we used dry shotcrete, wet shotcrete, and wet polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete as samples. We compared and analysed the mechanical response characteristics thereof in uniaxial compression tests by acoustic emission monitoring. The results showed that the three materials were brittle, but the ductility, residual strength, and bearing capacity of polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete were significantly enhanced. The energy absorption value of plain shotcrete was higher in the cracking stage, while that of polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete was higher in the post-peak stage, which indicated that the polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete had the characteristics of a high crack-initiation strength and toughness. Besides, the energy release from fibre shotcrete occurred after the peak stress rather than near the peak stress. The average energy absorbed by polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete was significantly higher than that in dry shotcrete and wet shotcrete, which suggested that polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete could mitigate the brittle instability of a shotcrete layer. Based on the test data, a constitutive model of damage statistics was established. The comparison between the experimental data and the fitting results could reflect the characteristics of the total stress-strain curve of such shotcrete. The results provide a basis for the optimisation of polypropylene macrofibre shotcrete layers.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abie Seid , Tiruneh Moges , Abebe Wondwossen
Published: June 2020

Background: Nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired MRSA infections in various populations. Screening of MRSA nasal colonization is important in the prevention and control of infection and may provide useful information to guide antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to determine nasal carriage of MRSA, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among janitors working in hospital & non-hospital areas at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 436 study participants (221 hospital and 215 non-hospital janitors) from January to May 2019. The study participants were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected through face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and inoculated into Mannitol salt agar. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30µg) disc and an antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 101/436 (23.2%, [95% CI: 19.3-27.8], of which, 29.4% (65/221) were isolated from hospital and 16.7% (36/215) non-hospital janitors. The prevalence of MRSA was 4.8% (21/436) [95% CI: 3.0-6.9]; of these, 8.1% (18/221) of the isolates were from the hospital and 1.4% (3/215) non-hospital janitors, while MSSA in hospital & non-hospital janitors were 49 (22.2%) and 31 (14.4%), respectively. Among the MRSA isolates, 52.4% (11/21) were multi-drug resistant. Of these, 42.9% (9/18) were isolated from hospital and 66.7% (2/3) non-hospital janitors. Hence, nasal carriage of MRSA was significantly associated with hospitalization within the preceding year (AOR = 3.15, CI = 1.13-8.71).Conclusion: The present study revealed that high MSSA and MRSA were isolated from the hospital as compared to non-hospital janitors and high rates of antibiotics resistance were recorded in the hospital janitors. Consequently, hospitalizations were significantly associated with MRSA. Accordingly, regular screening of carriers in apparently healthy janitors is required for the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Circ_0004913 Sponges miR-1290 and Regulates FOXC1 to Inhibit the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Yabin , Han Suyang , Li Meng , Song Yan , Qi Fuzhen
Published: June 2020

Background Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of non-coding RNA, could interact with miRNA and protein molecules to regulate the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the pathogenesis of circ_0004913 in HCC.Materials Through the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus database) to find dysfunctional circRNAs in HCC, and circ_0004913 was selected as the research object. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of circ_0067934 in HCC tissues and cells. CCK-8, Edu and flow cytometry assays were chosed to determine the malignant behavior of transfected HCC cells. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to explore the relation between circ_0067934, miR-1290 and FOXC1 (Forkhead box C1) in HCC.Results The expression of circ_0004913 was down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, while the overexpression of circ_0004913 attenuates the malignant behavior of HCC cells. Bioinformatics predicted that circ_0004913 interacts with miR-1290, which targeted FOXC1 mRNA. In fact, miR-1290 promoted the malignant behavior of HCC cells, while FOXC1 had the opposite effect. In addition, circ_0004913 overexpression enhanced FOXC1 expression by reducing miR-1290 expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of HCC cells.Conclusion Circ_0004913 / miR-1290 / FOXC1 regulatory axis could inhibit the progress of HCC. Our findings may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Differential Abdominal Fat Deposition Between Divergently Selected Chicken Lines
Authors: Wang Lijian , Leng Li , Ding Ran , Gong Pengfei , Liu Chang , Wang Ning , Li Hui , Du Zhi-Qiang , Cheng Bohan
Published: June 2020

Background: Genetic selection for meat production performance of broilers concomitantly causes excessive abdominal fat deposition, accompanied by several adverse effects, such as the reduction of feed conversion efficiency and reproduction performance. Our previous studies have identified important genes regulating chicken fat deposition, using the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) as an animal model. However, the molecular mechanism underlying fat deposition differences between fat and lean broilers remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we integrated the transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and quantitative proteome (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, iTRAQ) profiling analyses on abdominal fat tissues from NEAUHLF chicken lines. Differentially expressed genes (466 DEGs) and proteins (231 DEPs) were identified, and enriched in pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and PPAR signaling, and in pathways mainly involved in protein processing, endocytosis and lipid metabolism, respectively. Moreover, several key DEGs and DEPs involved in long-chain fatty acid uptake, in situ lipogenesis (fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis), and lipid droplets accumulation were discovered, and most of them were up-regulated in the fat line, after integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis. Conclusions: Together, our findings provided a novel insight into abdominal fat content discrepancy between the fat and lean chicken lines.
Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services
Authors: Gowin Ewelina , Kuzma Jerzy , Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska Danuta
Published: June 2020

Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services.BackgroundThe aim of this analysis was to establish knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinationsvaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea (PNG).Methods56 parents including 52 mothers and 4 fathers from 2 areas Simbu Province (Kervagi district) and Morobe Province (Finschhafen district). We analysed knowledge among the rural parents about the diseases prevented by vaccinations. data on vaccination coverage from 2016 to 2018 from all Catholic health facilities. Analysed vaccinations were the pentavalent vaccine (DTaP-HiB-HepB) and measles vaccine given in the first year of life.ResultsDuring the analysed period a total of 25,502 doses of measles vaccine was given, 31,428 children were vaccinated with the pentavalent vaccine. In 2016, the coverage rate for the measles vaccine was 26.6% and 33.4% for the pentavalent vaccine. In 2017, the coverage rate for measles and pentavalent vaccines was 12.5% and 16.6%, respectively. There were big differences in immunization coverage between provinces. In 2016, greater than 80% coverage was noted in one province for measles vaccine and in four provinces for pentavalent vaccine. In 2017, in none of the provinces, the coverage rate, neither for pentavalent nor for measles vaccine, was higher than 80%. A decreasing trend in the number of administered vaccinations was observed.ConclusionThe results of this analysis demonstrate that in PNG, the majority of children are not fully immunised. There are big differences in the vaccination coverage between provinces. As protection from diseases is low, there is a very high risk of an outbreak of the vaccine-preventable disease in the community.Delivery of vaccinations in PNG encounters many barriers from access to healthcare services to natural disasters and inter-tribial conflicts.Trial registration NA
Na2co3 and Er2o3 Modified Lead Free Knn Piezoelectric Ceramic Obtained by Hot Pressing
Authors: Rutkowski Paweł , Huebner Jan , Graboś Adrian , Kata Dariusz , Sapiński Bogdan
Published: June 2020

Analysis of dense KNN ceramic obtained by hot pressing (HP) methodat 1100°C are presented in this paper. The synthesis of KNN-based piezoelectrics meets following challenges: low density of material, uncontrolled K/Na ratio, multiphase composition and formation of different KNN structures. Classical hot pressing approach results incontaminationby carbon originating from graphite moulds. The proposed h-BN protection layer between green sample and graphite mouldprevented carbon reaction with powder. Additionally, h-BN presence may decrease formation of oxygen vacancies which allows to maintain semiconductor features of KNN structure. Remaining issues were addressed with the addition of excess Na and Er2O3 doping. The results showed that excessNa addition allowed to compensate evaporation of sodium during the synthesis and sintering. Er2O3 was added as sintering aid to limit abnormal grain growth. The modification of amount of Na and Er2O3 addition resulted in high purity KNN samples with tetragonal structure andapparent density higher than 97%. Finally, piezoelectric features of prepared dense samples were measured and presented.
Lessons Learned from the Early Stage of Convid-19 Pandemic: Clinical Analysis of 17 Related Deaths Associated with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Hong Dandan , Chen Wenyue , Guan Qun , Ren Qingling
Published: June 2020

Background Since the end of December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak has occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. An epidemiological survey showed that the pneumovirus infection was closely related to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, causing great panic among the general population. Through isolation of the pneumovirus strain and whole-genome sequencing, an infection model of the pneumovirus in human airway epithelial cells was established, and the pneumovirus was identified as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which belongs to the β-coronavirus genus. This study focused on the different characteristics of 2019-nCoV, which we learned at the early stage of Covid-19 pandemic will help us to save more lives during the outbreak. Methods The data of 17 deaths from 13 hospitals in Wuhan were obtained, and the initial symptoms, clinical features during the progression of the disease, and treatment processes were well analyzed. Results At the initial phase of the outbreak of 2019-nCoV, the lack of effective drugs for pneumonia has led to lethal results in people who are often elderly with multiple underlying conditions. Males were affected more than females. Fever, dry coughing, shortness of breath were the primary presentations, but not all. Chest images showed typical features of viral pneumonia. Respiratory support treatment were needed, although sometimes did not improve respiratory distress. All the patients died of multiple organ failure caused by respiratory failure. Many treatments of covid-19 were done in ICU and lasted for a long time, the occupation of public medical resources will put pressure on the present medical system.Conclusions COVID-19 is different from pneumonia caused by previous coronaviruses, it is more infectious and hard to manage. The initial death population were mainly elderly patients with underlying diseases. Protecting the elderly is an effective method to reduce the number of deaths. In the absence of nucleic acid detection reagents, relying on identifying typical symptoms and making full use of CT can increase the diagnosis of suspicious people. The condition of patients may deteriorate rapidly which increased the complexity of treatment. The increasing number of patients will put great pressure on the existing medical system.
Colitis Cystica Profunda with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Ren Xiaolu , Jiang Bo , Zhang Yixun
Published: June 2020

Backgroud: Colitis Cystica Profunda(CCP) is a rare benign medical condition and its exact etiology is still unknown. The clinical symptoms could be atypical and even asymptomatic, and also associated with several diseases. Most CCP patients may be misdiagnosed due to its complexity, and can be recognized after long-term medical treatment or surgical resection, especially in the elder or patients with relevant family history. Case presentation: In this case, a 58-year-old man presented with change in bowel habits for 3 years. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed, and the lesions in stomach were resected. Colonoscopy revealed most lesions were significantly smaller after the resection of stomach neoplasm. Notably, these lesions recurred 3 years later. Conclusion: This case is an important reference for primary physician and pathologist to make correct diagnosis through initial endoscopic and pathological examination.
Association of diurnal temperature range with daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in 21 cities, China
Authors: Wang Zihui , Zhou Yumin , Luo Ming , Yang Huajing , Xiao Shan , Huang Xiaoliang , Ou Yubo , Zhang Yongbo , Duan Xianzhong , Hu Wei , Liao Chenghao , Zheng Yijia , Wang Long , Xie Min , Tang Longhui , Zheng Jinzhen , Liu Sha , Wu Fan , Deng Zhishan , Tian Heshen , Peng Jieqi , Wang Xinwang , Zhong Nanshan , Ran Pixin
Published: June 2020

Background
The association between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) was rarely reported.
Objectives
To examine the association between DTR and daily hospital admission for exacerbations of CRD and find out the potential effect of modifications on this association.
Method:
Data on daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and bronchiectasis and meteorology measures from 2013 through 2017 were obtained from 21 cities in South China. After controlling the effects of daily mean temperature, relative humidity (RH), particulate matter < 2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5) and other confounding factors, a standard generalized additive model (GAM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution was performed to evaluate the relationships between DTR and daily hospital admissions of CRD in a two-stage strategy. Subgroup analysis was performed to find potential modifications, including seasonality and population characteristics.
Result
Elevated risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD (RR = 1.09 [95%CI: 1.08 to 1.11]) was associated with interquartile range (IQR) increase in DTR. The effects of DTR on hospital admissions for CRD were strong at low DTR in the hot season and high DTR in the cold season. The relative risk (RR) of hospitalization was 1.11 (95%CI: 1.08 to 1.12) for exacerbations of COPD and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.13) for asthma per IQR increase in DTR. The adverse effect of DTR on hospitalization for bronchiectasis was only observed in female patients (RR = 1.06 [95%CI: 1.03 to 1.10]).
Conclusion
Our study provided additional evidences for the association between DTR and daily hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD, especially in COPD patients and the cold season.
Bioconversion of Biphenyl to A Polyhydroxyalkanoate Copolymer by Alcaligenes Denitrificans A41
Authors: Yajima Taito , Nagatomo Mizuki , Wakabayashi Aiko , Sato Michio , Taguchi Seiichi , Maeda Michihisa
Published: June 2020

A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)], was biosynthesized from biphenyl as the sole carbon source using Alcaligenes (currently Achromobacter) denitrificans A41. This strain is capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biphenyl. This proof-of-concept of the conversion of aromatic chemicals such as the environmental pollutant PCBs/biphenyl to eco-friendly products such as biodegradable polyester PHA was inspired by the uncovering of two genes encoding PHA synthases in the A. denitrificans A41 genome. When the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was set at 21, the cellular P(3HB-co-3HV) content in strain A41 reached its highest value of 10.1%. A two-step cultivation protocol improved the accumulation of P(3HB-co-3HV) by up to 26.2% of the dry cell weight, consisting of 13.0 mol% 3HV when grown on minimum salt medium without nitrogen sources. The highest cellular content (47.6%) was obtained through the two-step cultivation of strain A41 on biphenyl as the sole carbon source. The purified copolymer had ultra-high molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight of 3.5 × 106), as revealed through gel-permeation chromatography. Based on the genomic information related to both polymer synthesis and biphenyl degradation, we finally proposed a metabolic pathway for the production of P(3HB-co-3HV) associated with the degradation of biphenyl by strain A41. This is, as it were, a metabolic link between PHA synthesis and biphenyl degradation.