bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An examination of three key factors: Alcohol, trauma and child welfare: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and the Northwest Territories of Canada
Authors: Badry Dorothy , Wight Felske Aileen
Published: December 2021

This article was generated from the research project “Brightening Our Home Fires” (BOHF), a Photovoice project on woman’s health and wellness that took place in the Northwest Territories (NT) from 2010-2012. This research was funded by the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB) of Canada. Approximately 30 women from four different communities in the NT participated in this project; Behchokö, Ulukhaktok, Yellowknife and Lutsel 'ke. The method utilized in this study was Photovoice, a Participatory Action Research (PAR) model that is identified as a qualitative research approach. While the research project was a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) prevention project, the broader focus was on issues related to health and healing within a northern context in the NT from the perspective of northern women, and within the construct of health. The primary focus of this article is the presentation of a model that was generated from a review of the research literature gaining a deeper understanding of broader social concerns in the NT. Three key factors are highlighted as critical in developing a deeper understanding of the context of women’s health issues that are important to consider in FASD prevention work: 1) trauma, 2) alcohol abuse and 3) child welfare involvement and the impact on communities in the northern territories of Canada as it presently exists in the NT. This research served to provide a broad perspective of social problems that may be mitigating factors in the presentation of FASD in a northern context.
Improving Substance Use Treatment for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Women: Recommendations Arising From a Virtual Inquiry project
Authors: Poole Nancy , Chansonneuve Deborah , Hache Arlene
Published: December 2021

This article describes the work undertaken by participants in a virtual community, who came together online over a 15-month period to improve supports for First Nations, Métis and Inuit women with substance use problems at risk of having a child affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The project exemplifies a collaborative process, inclusive of people from various geographical locations, cultures and professional sectors, affording participants the opportunity to weave together research, practice wisdom, policy expertise, and Indigenous Knowledge(s) in a voluntary, nonhierarchical context. Such virtual processes have the potential to support the development of nuanced recommendations reflective of the complexities of FASD prevention in Indigenous contexts taking into account multiple influences on women’s substance use, and a continuum of treatment responses. The article includes participants’ recommendations for improving Canada’s substance use system of care to address the treatment and support needs of First Nations, Métis and Inuit women.
Mining Our Lives for the Diamonds
Authors: Wesley-Esquimaux Cynthia
Published: December 2021

Aboriginal women across Canada have waited far too patiently for wrongs to be righted and senseless historic and contemporary pain to cease. Today, through narratives like this one, we are undertaking a heroic journey, a journey that begins with

truth

; in fact, it is a journey that begins with the laying down of seven profound Indigenous values, values that are stepping stones to an ancestral home some of us have never visited in our entire lives. This means the gathering up of a collective

courage

, a willingness to begin, to step out and into what we know to be true and waiting for release. So, this is my story, a story that begins like many others…once upon a time
Making Space for Community-Based Practice Experience and Spirit in the Academy: Journeying Towards the Making of an Indigenous Academic
Authors: Johnson Shelly
Published: December 2021

This narrative recounts four experiences of an Indigenous social work academic employed at a mainstream university in Canada. These experiences include: (1) valuing community-based practice and spiritual experiences prior to entering the academy; (2) learning in an Indigenous doctoral cohort; (3) using Indigenous knowledge during the hiring process into a tenure-track faculty position in a mainstream university; and, (4) including Indigenous knowledge to secure academic research grant applications, and to meet teaching, scholarly, and service expectations. Finally, this narrative identifies systemic academic issues from the perspectives of four other Indigenous and women academics of colour, and teachings that may assist new Indigenous faculty entering mainstream university employment.
Creating Places of Belonging: Expanding Notions of Permanency with Indigenous Youth in Care
Authors: de Finney Sandrina , di Tomasso Lara
Published: December 2021

This paper calls for creative pathways of engagement that delineate places of belonging for and with Indigenous youth in care. It draws on two community-based research studies conducted in British Columbia, with urban and off-reserve Indigenous youth to contextualize and extend understanding of permanency for Indigenous youth in care. Our discussion explores permanency in relation to both Western understandings of government care, guardianship, and adoptions, and Indigenous customary caregiving and cultural planning for cultural permanency, such as naming and coming home ceremonies, custom adoptions, and kinship care.
Interracial Adoption: One Family’s Journey
Authors: Nahwegahbow Barb , Lee Jeff , Lee Bill , Lee Cecelia , Lee Barbra
Published: December 2021

A crucial concern regarding the adoption of Indigenous children into “white”
families is the separation of the child from her/his Indigenous community and the struggles
for the children involved. This paper examines the struggles faced by one Anishinawbe child
and his family, the Lees, to come to terms with this dynamic when they adopted him in the
early 70s. After the adoption they came to understand themselves as a family that was no
longer “white”, one that faced unique challenges as well as opportunities. The initial
strategy of the parents was to maintain his contact with the Indigenous community and
culture. However, it became apparent that they had to find a way to Indigenize themselves as
well. This was accomplished with the assistance of the Indigenous community. This story,
unfortunately, does not reflect the majority of transracial adoptions. It is a hopeful one
but also raises questions for the role of Indigenous communities, adoptive parents and in
particular for policy makers.
I can make a difference and so can you!
Authors: Flynn1 Nicole
Published: December 2021

Nicole Flynn is a twenty-four year old advocate, artist and athlete with Down syndrome. Nicole began public speaking at eight years old when she would talk to various groups - such as classes at the University of Toronto and at Humber, Centennial and Seneca Colleges - about her achievements and goals. As she got older, she started to speak seriously about people who are different and how they want to be treated with equality. Nicole is also passionate about saving the environment. This speech was written for a Youth to Youth Summit in September, 2017.
Editorial: Jordan's Principle PSA in American Sign Language
Authors:   First Nations Child & Family Caring Society of Canada
Published: December 2021

Jordan’s Principle is a legal rule named in memory of a very special little boy named Jordan River Anderson. Jordan’s Principle makes sure that all First Nations children get the services they need when they need them. This applies to all services: including heath care, education, child welfare, and more. If your child, or someone you know needs services, call 1-855-JP-CHILD (1-855-572-4453) / 1-833-PJ-ENFAN (1-833-753-6326) or visit www.canada.ca/jordans-principle.
Rekindling the sacred fire for children and families
Authors:   Sun Lodge Village,   Peguis Child and Family Services
Published: December 2021

This video describes the partnership between the Sun Lodge Village and Peguis Child and Family Services in Peguis First Nation, Manitoba. Together we are providing opportunities for families, youth, and children to find their way back to traditional spiritual ways of healing and knowing who they are through ceremony, traditional teachings, and land-based experiences. The story is told through voices, pictures, and songs of the Sun Lodge Village family, child and family service workers, and the parents and youth involved. It describes the need for radical change in the child welfare system for Anishinaabe families, to find alternatives to placing so many children in foster care. It shows how such change is indeed possible through helping families from within traditional Anishinaabe ways of being. Those involved describe how these ways have provided healing for them, how their families have been strengthened, and how special the Sun Lodge and the Sun Lodge Village family have become for them.
Animkee
Authors: Schlonies James ,   M'Wikwedong Youth Group, Sanchez-Pimienta Carlos E. , Masuda Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

In my video, I (James Schlonies) tell the story of how I struggled when I was younger. I went through all mental health services available in my town, but sometimes I just felt worse after. When I was in grade 7, I started going to M’Wikwedong. My family and I received help from M’Wikwedong to cope with what I was going through. Drumming helped me learn to speak up for myself. Now I am a member of the Board of Directors at M’Wikwedong and I am an advocate for other youth in my area. This video was created through a research project entitled: Promoting healthy urban environments for young Indigenous peoples: The case of M'Wikwedong Native Cultural Resource Centre. The research team was formed by the M’Wikwedong Youth Group (Ryerson King, Kaitrina Harrisson, Steven Schlonies, Nikita Jones, and James Schlonies) and the Centre for Environmental Health Equity at Queen’s University (Carlos Sanchez-Pimienta and Jeffrey Masuda). This video displays a previous iteration of the name of this project. M'Wikwedong recently changed its name to "M'Wikwedong Indigenous Friendship Centre."
ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF DOPED AND UNDOPED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Vračević Savka , Šmitran Aleksandra , Pržulj Sanja , Gajić Dragana , Malinović Mladena , Božić Ljiljana , Jelić Dijana
Published: December 2021

In this paper, zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with copper (ZnO/CuNP) were synthesized by using black and green tea, vitamin C and trisodium citrate as a reduction agent. Antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties were tested. The antimicrobial activity of the doped synthesized ZnO NP against the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was performed by the agar well diffusion method. ZnO NP with all four reduction agents showed good antimicrobial efficiency against both microorganisms, with similar inhibition zone. Photocatalytic activity was more pronounced in case of undoped, pure ZnO nanoparticles, while the best results for doped ZnO samples were obtained for ZnO/Cu NPs using black tea.
APPLICATION OF THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF AMIDE DERIVATIVES’ BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Apostolov Suzana , Matijević Borko , Mrđan Gorana , Vaštag Đenđi
Published: December 2021

In silico approach is increasingly used in modern design to establish the qualitative / quantitative dependence between structure, physico-chemical properties and biological activity of the new molecule. The selection and application of appropriate molecular descriptors are important step in this process. Given the presence of the amide group in numerous pharmacologically and biologically active molecules, in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries its formation represents an eternal challenge and a significant transformation in the design of the synthetic plan. Evaluation of the biological potential of selected amide derivatives included theoretical and experimental determination of their lipophilicity, analysis of their bioavailability, study of their pharmacokinetic predictors and ecotoxicity parameters. The parameters (RM0, m and C0) obtained by applying reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP TLC18 F254s) in the presence of two organic modifiers, as assumed measures of lipophilicity of the examined amide derivatives were correlated with the studied parameters of biological activity by the linear regression method. The quality of the obtained mathematical models was confirmed by the values of statistical validation parameters.
ОБЛИЦИ ИСПОЉАВАЊА И БОРБА ПРОТИВ КОРУПЦИЈЕ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ
Authors: Мочевић Марко
Published: December 2021

Корупција је феномен који прати људско друштво од његових почетака. У природи људских бића је да покушају да створе привилегије и личну корист не узимајући у обзир потребе других људи. Постојећи ниво корупције у нашем друштву може бити окарактерисан као резултат политичког и социјалног система. Имајући у виду да је становништво у Босни и Херцеговини неријетко било предмет неједнаког третмана, оно је било принуђено да остварује своја права корумпирајући јавне званичнике на свим нивоима. Успостављање новог политичког и економског система, праћено потешкоћама кроз које пролази свако ратом захваћено друштво, постојање дуализма власти између међународних и локалних институција, резултирало је корупцијом на свим институционалним и неинституционалним нивоима у БиХ. И регионални утицај je имао одређене посљедице на овакво стање јер су све земље које окружују Босну и Херцеговину прошле кроз сличне тешкоће у периоду транзиције која, сама по себи, ствара погодно тло за развој корупције. Корупција се испољава у свим сегментима друштвеног живота. Правни оквир превенције, а и санкционисање коруптивних понашања још увијек су условљени међународним обавезама и условима које Босна и Херцеговина мора да испуни.
ЗАШТИТА ДЈЕЦЕ ОД УПОТРЕБЕ ДРОГА
Authors: Крстовић Мишо
Published: December 2021

Опасност од прекомјерне употребе дрога, без обзира на то о којој врсти је ријеч односно да ли је ријеч о опојним дрогама, дувану и ду-ванским прерађевинaма или алкохолу, представља велики проблем скоро свих савремених друштава, те се у овом раду настојe на једном мјесту изложити основни појмови о све три врсте дрога и о опасностима које пријете дјеци, али и друштву у цјелини, од сваке од њих и укaзaти нa мoгућe нaчинe бoрбe прoтив злoупoтрeбe дрoгa. Најризичнија популација за све облике зависности, као посљедицу употребе дрога су дјеца, поготово у периоду адолесценције, када нај-чешће експериментишу са дрогама свих врста, па и са најопаснијим – опојним дрогама, које најбрже дјелују и остављају најтеже посљедице на физичко и ментално здравље дјеце, те је борба против злоупотребе дрога истовремено и борба за остварење права дјетета на здравље, као једног од основних права дјетета. Зависност о дрогама је везана и за насиље у породици и ван ње, крађе и друге врсте криминалитета, те је несумњиво да је зависност о дрогама озбиљан друштвени, али и здравствени и породични проблем. На продаји и дистрибуцији опојних дрога, организоване криминалне групе згрћу огромно богатство и истовремено готово свакодневно на тржиште пласирају нове врсте синтетичких дрога, добивене масовном производњом, а то захтјева нове начине борбе државе против зло-употребе опојних дрога. Када је ријеч о алкохолу, у раду се указује на нове веома опасне трендове конзумирања алкохола тзв. пушење алкохола, које разарајуће дјелује на организам дјетета, а такође је изузетно опасна и ком-бинована употреба опојних дрога и алкохола. Све државе морају се активно борити против трговине дрогама и њихове злоупотребе како би се очувало здравље дјеце, али и осигурало безбједније друштво, а то укључује и нужност сарадње држава на пла-ну борбе против свих облика криминалитета везаног за злоупотребу опојних дрога. Борба против злоупотребе дрога укључује одговарајући правни оквир, али и активно дјеловање свих чинилаца на превенцији, по-чев од породице па до образовних установа.
ЛОБИСТИЧКА ДЕЛАТНОСТ И НЕКЕ СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТИ УГОВОРА О ЛОБИРАЊУ
Authors: Кашћелан Балша
Published: December 2021

Доношење одлука више није затворен процес на који појединци и удружења не могу утицати. Са развојем свести и капитала, сада се појављује све више заинтересованих субјеката који хоће да учествују у креирању јавне политике. Аутор осветљава утицај привредног сектора на јавне органе у поступку доношења одлука и начин уређења односа између клијента и лобисте. У првом делу рада, аутор се бави појмом лобистичке делатности, улогом и местом компаније у процесу одлу-чивања као и приказом односа свих учесника лобистичког процеса. У другом делу рада, аутор се бави закључењем уговора о лобирању и указује на неке дилеме око начина извршења уговора као и на круг ак-тивности које произлазе из уговорног односа лобисте и клијента.
СИСТЕМ ИЗВРШЕЊА КАЗНЕ ЗАТВОРА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Јовашевић Драган , Симовић Владимир М.
Published: December 2021

Казна затвора је најзначајнија врста кривичних санкција која је про-писана у кривичном праву Републике Српске. Она се изриче за највећи број кривичних дела, и то самостално, алтернативно или кумулативно са новчаном казном. То је и разумљиво јер је њена сврха првенствено специјална превенција – спречавање осуђеног лица да поново учини кривично дело, васпитним и преваспитним третманима у заводским установама и потом општа превенција кроз утицање на грађане да не чине кривична дела. Закон о извршењу кривичних санкција Републике Српске је исцрпно уредио начин, поступак и услове за упућивање, распоређивање и класификацију осуђених лица у заводским установама, као и сам поступак извршења казне затвора о чему се говори у овом раду.
НАСИЉЕ НАД СТАРИЈИМ ЛИЦИМА У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ
Authors: Рељић Драгољуб
Published: December 2021

Проблему насиља над старијим лицима у Босни и Херцеговини не посвећује се довољно пажње. Мало је научних истраживања у Босни и Херцеговини која се баве овом тематиком, било да се ради о насиљу над старијим лицима у сопственој породици, о насиљу над старијим лицима у институцијама, или уопште насиљу над старијим лицима у оквиру друштва. Ради се о сложеној теми која се може разматрати са прав-ног, економског, социолошког, психолошког, културолошког и других аспеката. Основни предмет разматрања овог рада јесте насиље над старијим особама, врсте насиља над старијим особама, затим узроци и посљедице насиља. У раду се покушава указати на положај старијих особа које, иако су жртве насиља, немају одговарајућу правну заштиту. Аутор предлаже рјешења за побољшање положаја старијих лица.
СУДСКА ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Симовић Милена
Published: December 2021

ПРАВО НА ЛИЧНУ СЛОБОДУ И БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТ Није повријеђено право апеланата на личну слободу и без-бједност из члана II/3д) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и члана 5 Европске конвенције за заштиту људских права и основних сло-бода будући да апеланти према домаћем законодавству нису има-ли право на накнаду штете у обиму који превазилази оквир члана 5 ове конвенције.
One for “All”: a unified model for fine-grained sentiment analysis under three tasks
Authors: Lu Heng-yang , Yang Jun , Hu Cong , Fang Wei
Published: December 2021

Background

Fine-grained sentiment analysis is used to interpret consumers’ sentiments, from their written comments, towards specific entities on specific aspects. Previous researchers have introduced three main tasks in this field (ABSA, TABSA, MEABSA), covering all kinds of social media data (e.g., review specific, questions and answers, and community-based). In this paper, we identify and address two common challenges encountered in these three tasks, including the low-resource problem and the sentiment polarity bias.

Methods

We propose a unified model called PEA by integrating data augmentation methodology with the pre-trained language model, which is suitable for all the ABSA, TABSA and MEABSA tasks. Two data augmentation methods, which are entity replacement and dual noise injection, are introduced to solve both challenges at the same time. An ensemble method is also introduced to incorporate the results of the basic RNN-based and BERT-based models.

Results

PEA shows significant improvements on all three fine-grained sentiment analysis tasks when compared with state-of-the-art models. It also achieves comparable results with what the baseline models obtain while using only 20% of their training data, which demonstrates its extraordinary performance under extreme low-resource conditions.
Large Lactobezoars Causing Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction in a Neonate- A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Devi Usha , Giridhar . , Vembar . , Logavengatesh .
Published: December 2021

Lactobezoars causing small bowel obstruction in the postoperative period has been rarely reported. Here, a term baby with severe intrauterine growth restriction was admitted in neonatal unit for low birth weight care. Baby was started on mother’s milk and gradually upgraded to full feeds. He developed Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) requiring surgery. Subsequently, amino acid based formula was warranted because of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). After reaching full feeds, baby demonstrated signs of small bowel obstruction requiring relook laparotomy. Large lactobezoars were found throughout the small bowel which were kneaded out. Postoperative period was also complicated by Enterocutaneous Fistula (ECF) which was conservatively managed. Child was discharged on full feeds after he showed consistent weight gain.
ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КРИПТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ МИКРОСХЕМ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Благодатов В.В.
Published: December 2021

В рамках работы продемонстрирована комбинация кластеризации и PCA для подготовки измерений к Correlation Power Analysis или Differential Power Analysis [1].
ОСОБЕННОСТИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ОТКАЗОУСТОЙЧИВОГО ЗАПОМИНАЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: ВОЛОБУЕВ С. В. , Рябцев В.Г.
Published: December 2021

Предлагается архитектура отказоустойчивого оперативного запоминающего устройств, содержащего три канала модулей памяти со встроенными средствами самотестирования и саморемонта. Первый модуль обрабатывает системные данные, второй модуль работает в режиме зеркального отображения данных, третий модуль работает в режиме самотестирования. При отказе первого канала происходит подключение к системе второго работоспособного канала. Третий канал переключается в режим зеркального отображения данных, а работоспособность первого канала восстанавливается.
КОНФОРМНОСТЬ РОСТА ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ ИЗ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЫ НА РЕЛЬЕФНЫХ МИКРО- И НАНОСТРУКТУРАХ. Часть 2. Процессы химического осаждения из газовой фазы, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Выполнен обзор информационных источников по результатам многолетних исследований проблемы конформности роста тонких слоев неорганических материалов на рельефных полупроводниковых подложках при химическом осаждении из газовой фазы. Во второй части рассматривается количественный подход автора к оценке конформности роста тонких слоев на рельефах на основании исследований кинетики их роста.
НИЗКОВОЛЬТНЫЕ ДИФФУЗИОННЫЕ Р-N-ПЕРЕХОДЫ В ТЕХНИКЕ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ ПРИБОРОВ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Скорняков С.П.
Published: December 2021

Представлены результаты исследования низковольтных р-n-переходов с туннельным и смешанным механизмами пробоя, полученных на основе технологии высококонцентрационной диффузии мышьяка в сильнолегированный кремний р-типа проводимости в эвакуированном реакторе, заместившей технологию получения НВ р-n-переходов вплавлением алюминия в сильнолегированный кремний. На основе этих результатов проведены разработки промышленных технологий изготовления НВ планарных стабилитронов (НВС), прецизионных термокомпенсированных стабилитронов (ПТКС) и НВ ограничителей напряжения (НВОН), внедрённых в серийное производство.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ОКСИДА ГРАФЕНА НА КРИСТАЛЛИЗАЦИЮ И СВОЙСТВА НАНОРАЗМЕРНОГО ГИДРОКСИАПАТИТА КАЛЬЦИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Захаров Н.А. , Бокарев В.П. , Горнев Е.С. , Нечипоренко А. П. , Матвеев В.В. , Алиев А.Д. , Киселев М.Р. , Шелехов Е. В. , Коваль Е.М. , Орлов М.А. , Захарова Т. В.
Published: December 2021

Применение оксида графена (ГО) и графеноподобных материалов находит все более широкое применение в промышленной технологии. Однако их влияние на организм человека до сих пор изучено недостаточно. В данной работе проведена оценка влияния ГО на образование нанокристаллического (НК) гидроксиапатита кальция Са(РО)(ОН) – (ГА) в ходе синтеза композиционных материалов (КМ) ГА / ГО (0.1; 1.0; 2.0 и 5.0 масс. % ГО), моделирующего взаимодействие ГО с фосфатами кальция костной ткани в ходе биоминерализации. Определено влияние ГО на кристаллографические, морфологические характеристики и растворимость НКГА в составе КМ ГА / ГО.
IN SITU КОНТРОЛЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ШЕРОХОВАТОСТИ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ КРЕМНИЯ ПРИ ТРАВЛЕНИИ В ХЛОРСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ПЛАЗМЕ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Амиров И.И. , Изюмов М.О. , Куприянов А.Н.
Published: December 2021

Приведены результаты исследования развития шероховатости поверхности Si в процессе ее травления в плазме Cl/Ar при низкой энергии ионов. Контроль развития шероховатости осуществлялся in situ по величине сигнала отражения лазерного луча от поверхности Si в сочетании с измерениями шероховатости методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Показано, что по изменению отраженного сигнала можно регистрировать шероховатость поверхности от единиц до сотен нанометров. Обнаружено, что величина нанометровой шероховатости не зависит от содержания Ar (< 80% Ar) в плазме. Обсуждаются причины возникновения такой мелкомасштабной шероховатости, а также причины образования субмикронных структур на поверхности, возникновение которых можно охарактеризовать как проявление крупномасштабной шероховатости.
АСПЕКТЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ПРИЕМОПЕРЕДАЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА «ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ», "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Михайлов В.Ю. , Котляров Е.Ю. , Зубов И.А. , Нуйкин А.В. , Кравцов А.С.
Published: December 2021

Работа посвящена разработке приемопередатчика для «Интернета Вещей». В статье приведен обзор существующих стандартов экосистемы «Интернета Вещей». Отдельно проведен обзор, тестирование отладочной платы и моделирование приемопередающего тракта в соответствии со стандартом NB-IoT. На основе тестирования отладочной платы получены тестовые сигналы, используемые для верификации модели приемопередающего тракта. В рамках моделирования определены параметры узлов приемопередающего тракта для создания будущей системы на кристалле.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ ЭНЕРГИИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ В АНОДНОМ ОКСИДЕ АЛЮМИНИЯ С ПОРАМИ, ЗАПОЛНЕННЫМИ ПОЛИВИНИЛИДЕНФТОРИДОМ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Бардушкин В.В. , Шиляева Ю.И. , Яковлев В.Б.
Published: December 2021

Для композитов вида нановолокна поливинилиденфторида в тугоплавкой диэлектрической матрице анодного оксида алюминия решается задача моделирования объемной плотности энергии деформации, обусловленной отличием термических коэффициентов линейного расширения компонентов. Проведены численные расчеты указанной энергетической характеристики, учитывающие структуру рассматриваемого композитного материала и объемное содержание нановолокон в матрице.
DISTINÇÕES E APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE TERCEIRIZAÇÃO E UBERIZAÇÃO: os conceitos como palco de disputas
Authors: Filgueiras Vitor Araújo , Dutra Renata Queiroz
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é definir e relacionar os conceitos de terceirização e uberização, interpretando os dois fenômenos como estratégias de gestão da força de trabalho que buscam reduzir os limites à exploração do trabalho. O ponto central da discussão é perceber que, assim como não ocorria na terceirização, tampouco na uberização há delegação ou externalização das atividades, que persistem sobre o controle das empresas, as quais continuam subordinando os trabalhadores aos seus comandos. Tratam-se, entretanto, de fenômenos de natureza distinta, que se assemelham por acentuarem a mercadorizaçãodo trabalho. O artigo, voltado para discussão conceitual teórica, foi construído considerandoum conjunto de pesquisas anteriores dos autores sobre terceirização, que foram reunidas e tomadas como pressuposto para a comparação com dados das pesquisas em curso sobre uberização.
TERCERIZACIÓN LABORAL EN ARGENTINA: aportes recientes para el debate sobre su conceptualización y medición empírical
Authors: Basualdo Victoria , Esponda Alejandra
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo sintetiza en primer lugar aportes para una conceptualización del fenómeno de la tercerización laboral, construida desde el análisis del caso argentino en diálogo con aportes internacionales y publicaciones previas. Al mismo tiempo, aborda una revisión de algunos de los abordajes metodológicos clave desarrollados en los últimos años en Argentina que han logrado enfrentar las dificultades de acceso a información sobre el fenómeno y su amplitud. Se revisan aportes colectivos e individuales que han permitido análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos de los diversos tipos de tercerización en el caso argentino, incluyendo actividades y sectores diversos del sector privado y el sector público. El trabajo subraya la importancia del cruce de aportes de diversas disciplinas, la confluencia enprocesos de trabajo colectivo, y la articulación con protagonistas y sujetos de esta historia cuyos aportes resultan claves para dar cuenta de una dinámica de enorme complejidad.
Peer relations and different functions of cyber‐aggression: A longitudinal study in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Ding Xinfang , Liu Bingzhou , Zeng Ke , Kishimoto Tomoko , Zhang Manhua
Published: December 2021

Although previous studies have focused on the associations between peer group relations and cyber‐aggression, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneity in the functions of cyber‐aggression. This study explored the unique associations of peer relations with proactive and reactive cyber‐aggression and the possible mechanisms underlying them in a sample of adolescents using a longitudinal study design. A total of 829 middle school students completed the Cyber‐rage and Cyber‐reward Aggression Subscales of the Cyber‐Aggression Typology Questionnaire, the Peer Relations Scale, the Social Information Processing‐Attributional Bias Questionnaire, and the Self‐efficacy for Aggression Scale twice at a 6‐month interval. Multiple mediation analyses and bootstrapping were conducted using the Mplus 8 software. The results indicated that satisfying peer relations were negatively correlated with reactive cyber‐aggression and positively associated with proactive cyber‐aggression. Moreover, hostile intent attribution and self‐efficacy for aggression mediated the associations between peer relations and both functions of cyber‐aggression, however, in different ways. Unsatisfying peer relations were associated with higher levels of hostile intent attribution and lower levels of self‐efficacy for aggression and predicted increases in reactive cyber‐aggression. In contrast, satisfying peer relations were associated with lower levels of hostile intent attribution and higher levels of self‐efficacy for aggression and predicted increases in proactive cyber‐aggression. The findings indicated that different functions of cyber‐aggression might be related to different mediation mechanisms, which sheds light on the prevention of cyber‐aggression in the future.
Growing Hydrogel Organ Mannequins with Interconnected Cavity Structures
Authors: Jiang Pan , Ji Zhongying , Liu Desheng , Ma Shuanhong , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng
Published: December 2021

Biomimicking organ mannequins with not only lifelike biological geometries but also virtually constituting connected circulation channels for exchanging substances are critical for in vitro biomedical applications, yet the big challenges remain. This paper reports a big step toward the goal to achieve hydrogel‐based organ mannequins with internal channels and a cavity, gradient structures, and a physiological environment of organs for in vitro purposes via metal ions‐induced interface supramolecular assembly of hydrogel layers on the thermally splitting templates. The templates composed of gelatin and ι‐carrageenan are built through direct ink writing, which are employed as the supports to in situ grow the alginate/Ca2+ hydrogel layers by rapid diffusion‐induced gelation process. Removing the hydrogel templates based on sol–gel conversion can readily yield hydrogel architectures with connected channels, structural integrity, and favorable physicochemical properties. Proof‐of‐concept hydrogel mannequins including the branched vascular replicas, digestive system, distal lung subunit, and glomerulus with mechanical robustness are engineered from replicating the tubular structure to imitate the basic profiles of organs. It is believed that this protocol paves a versatile way to construct hydrogel‐based biomimicking mannequins with cavity structures that can be used for in vitro biomedical training, testing, pharmacology, etc.
Hierarchical Multiscale Hydrogels with Identical Compositions Yet Disparate Properties via Tunable Phase Separation
Authors: Pan Jiageng , Zeng Haowen , Gao Liang , Zhang Qiang , Luo Hongsheng , Shi Xuetao , Zhang Huatang
Published: December 2021

Natural gels are constrained by a limited number of building blocks, yet based on time and space organization, they perform diverse functions. In contrast, the properties of synthetic hydrogels are frequently tuned through substantial changes in their chemical make‐up, causing complex interplay between composition, structure, and properties. This work fabricates a series of hydrogels with identical compositions but disparate properties by selectively quenching the depth and path of a water vapor‐induced phase separation process. These hydrogels are solely comprised of short alkyl side‐modified polyvinyl alcohol at the same volume fraction, but they exhibit hierarchical differences across multiple length scales, including porous morphology (≈µm), hydrophobic clusters (≈10 nm), and molecular packing (subnm). The hierarchical discrepancy is explicitly related to the striking contrast in terms of turbidity, permeability, stretchability, and viscoelasticity, thus advancing the understanding of the relationship between multiscale structures and properties without interference from chemical formulations. In addition, the hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility, acid‐aided degradability, in situ healability, and underwater malleability. This work exploits a design principle to imitate the hierarchically specific tenet in nature, that is, the spatiotemporal organization of a single type of polymer via kinetic arrest of network‐forming phase separation, rather than modulation of the chemical make‐ups.
Ethylamine Iodide Additive Enables Solid‐to‐Solid Transformed Highly Oriented Perovskite for Excellent Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Meng , Gao Wenchao , Cao Fengren , Li Liang
Published: December 2021

Perovskite has been widely applied in the optoelectronic field due to its strong light absorption and high carrier mobility. Maintaining high crystallization is critical to fabricate high‐performance perovskite devices, where many methods have been reported, such as the use of additives in precursor solutions. However, there are few reports for the working mechanism of these additives. Herein, a new method to obtain highly crystalline formamidinium‐lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films by introducing ethylamine iodide (EAI) into perovskite precursors is reported and a novel working mechanism for such alkyl amine additives in the crystallization process of perovskites is proposed. Unlike traditional liquid‐to‐solid (L–S) crystallization theory, the research results indicate that EAI affects the solid‐to‐solid (S–S) transition process from the intermediate yellow phase to the final black phase, and this mechanism is further verified to be universal using other common alkyl amines. A self‐powered photodetector based on an as‐fabricated FAPbI3 film is fabricated with an external quantum efficiency of over 90%. This work provides a deeper understanding of the perovskite crystallization process.
WSe2 Flakelets on N‐Doped Graphene for Accelerating Polysulfide Redox and Regulating Li Plating
Authors: Wang Peng , Sun Fanghan , Xiong Shenglin , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Duan Bin , Zhang Chenghui , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan
Published: December 2021

The practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries is still limited by the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttling effect on the S cathode and uncontrollable Li‐dendrite growth on the Li anode. Herein, elaborately designed WSe2 flakelets immobilized on N‐doped graphene (WSe2/NG) with abundant active sites are employed to be a dual‐functional host for satisfying both the S cathode and Li anode synchronously. On the S cathode, the WSe2/NG with a strong interaction towards LiPSs can act as a redox accelerator to promote the bidirectional conversion of LiPSs. On the Li anode, the WSe2/NG with excellent lithiophilic features can regulate the uniform Li plating/stripping to mitigate the growth of Li dendrite. Taking advantage of these merits, the assembled Li−S full batteries exhibit remarkable rate performance and stable cycling stability even at a higher sulfur loading of 10.5 mg cm−2 with a negative to positive electrode capacity (N/P) ratio of 1.4 : 1.
Introducing the Chiral Constrained α‐Trifluoromethylalanine in Aib Foldamers to Control, Quantify and Assign the Helical Screw‐Sense**
Authors: Bodero Lizeth , Guitot Karine , Lensen Nathalie , Lequin Olivier , Brigaud Thierry , Ongeri Sandrine , Chaume Grégory
Published: December 2021

Oligomers of α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) are achiral peptides that adopt 310 helical structures with equal population of left‐ and right‐handed conformers. The screw‐sense preference of the helical chain may be controlled by a single chiral residue located at one terminus. 1H and 19F NMR, X‐ray crystallography and circular dichroism studies on new Aib oligomers show that the incorporation of a chiral quaternary α‐trifluoromethylalanine at their N‐terminus induces a reversal of the screw‐sense preference of the 310‐helix compared to that of a non‐fluorinated analogue having an l‐α‐methyl valine residue. This work demonstrates that, among the many particular properties of introducing a trifluoromethyl group into foldamers, its stereo‐electronic properties are of major interest to control the helical screw sense. Its use as an easy‐to‐handle 19F NMR probe to reliably determine both the magnitude of the screw‐sense preference and its sign assignment is also of remarkable interest.
Janus Polymerization: A One‐Shot Approach towards Amphiphilic Multiblock Poly(ester‐acetal)s Directly from 1,3‐Dioxolane with ε‐Caprolactone
Authors: Qiu Huan , Shen Ting , Yang Zhening , Wu Feng , Li Xiaohong , Tu Yingfeng , Ling Jun
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Janus polymerization consists of anionic and cationic ring opening polymerizations (AROP and CROP) at the two ends of a single propagating polymer chain, followed by a self‐triggered chain extension generating multiblock copolymers (MBCPs) in one step. In the contribution, Janus polymerization by Tm(OTf)3 or Er(OTf)3 catalyst with an epoxy initiator is applied to synthesize MBCPs of semi‐crystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blocks from coordinated AROP and poly(1,3‐dioxolane‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (P(DO‐co‐CL)) blocks from CROP of DO with CL. Meanwhile, amorphous random copolymers [P(DO‐r‐CL)] are synthesized as control by employing other rare earth triflates [RE(OTf)3, RE = Y, Nd, Gd and Lu] as catalysts or in the absence of an initiator via CROP. On account of the distinguishable chemical structures and thermal properties between Janus MBCPs and cationic random copolymers, Janus features are confirmed including the CROP and AROP at a single propagating chain. The resultant amphiphilic copolymers self‐assemble to nanoparticles in aqueous solution with designable diameters with the corresponding ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. MBCPs exhibit good shape memory properties with appropriate deformation temperature close to human body's, providing a prospect on the applications in biomedical devices.
Visible‐light‐promoted Radical Cyclization/Arylation Cascade for the Construction of α,α‐Difluoro‐γ‐Lactam‐Fused Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Chao , Chen Yang , Sun Jing , Wang Jing‐Yun , Zhou Ming‐Dong
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

A visible‐light‐induced tandem radical intramolecular cyclization/arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with bromodifluoroacetamides is described. This protocol allows efficient access to a variety of valuable α,α‐difluoro‐γ‐lactam‐fused quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in moderate to good yields under metal‐free, mild and redox neutral reaction conditions. This strategy is tolerant of various functional groups and a broad range of substrates. The mechanism experiments suggested an involvement of 5‐exo‐trig cyclization and a radical process in this transformation.
A randomized study of genetic education versus usual care in tumor profiling for advanced cancer in the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (EAQ152)
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Lee Ju‐Whei , Gaieski Jill Bennett , Li Shuli , Gareen Ilana F. , Flaherty Keith T. , Herman Benjamin A. , Domchek Susan M. , DeMichele Angela M. , Maxwell Kara N. , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Virani Shamsuddin , Park SuJung , Faller Bryan A. , Grant Stefan C. , Ramaekers Ryan C. , Behrens Robert J. , Nambudiri Gopakumar S. , Carlos Ruth C. , Wagner Lynne I.
Published: December 2021

Background

Enthusiasm for precision oncology may obscure the psychosocial and ethical considerations associated with the implementation of tumor genetic sequencing.

Methods

Patients with advanced cancer undergoing tumor‐only genetic sequencing in the National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) trial were randomized to a web‐based genetic education intervention or usual care. The primary outcomes were knowledge, anxiety, depression, and cancer‐specific distress collected at baseline (T0), posteducation (T1) and after results (T2). Two‐sided, 2‐sample t tests and univariate and multivariable generalized linear models were used.

Results

Five hundred ninety‐four patients (80% from NCI Community Oncology Research Program sites) were randomized to the web intervention (n = 293) or usual care (n = 301) before the receipt of results. Patients in the intervention arm had greater increases in knowledge (P for T1‐T0 < .0001; P for T2‐T0 = .003), but there were no significant differences in distress outcomes. In unadjusted moderator analyses, there was a decrease in cancer‐specific distress among women (T0‐T1) in the intervention arm but not among men. Patients with lower health literacy in the intervention arm had greater increases in cancer‐specific distress and less decline in general anxiety (T0‐T1) and greater increases in depression (T0‐T2) in comparison with those receiving usual care.

Conclusions

Web‐based genetic education before tumor‐only sequencing results increases patient understanding and reduces distress in women. Refinements to the intervention could benefit low‐literacy groups and men.
EXOGENOUS Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone Receptor Modulators in COVID‐19: Rationale and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations
Authors: Zou Peng , Heath Agiua , Sewell Catherine , Lu Yanhui , Tran Doanh , Seo Shirley K.
Published: December 2021

Male patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) fare much worse than female patients in COVID‐19 severity and mortality according to data from several studies. Because of this sex disparity, researchers hypothesize that the use of exogenous sex hormone therapy and sex hormone receptor modulators might provide therapeutic potential for patients with COVID‐19. Repurposing approved drugs or drug candidates at late‐stage clinical development could expedite COVID‐19 therapy development because their clinical formulation, routes of administration, dosing regimen, clinical pharmacology, and potential adverse events have already been established or characterized in humans. A number of exogenous sex hormones and sex hormone receptor modulators are currently or will be under clinical investigation for COVID‐19 therapy. In this review, we discuss the rationale for exogenous sex hormones and sex hormone receptor modulators in COVID‐19 treatment, summarize ongoing and planned clinical trials, and discuss some of the clinical pharmacology considerations on clinical study design. To inform clinical study design and facilitate the clinical development of exogenous sex hormones and sex hormone receptor modulators for COVID‐19 therapy, clinical investigators should pay attention to clinical pharmacology factors, such as dosing regimen, special populations (i.e., geriatrics, pregnancy, lactation, and renal/hepatic impairment), and drug interactions.
Clinical Pharmacology Perspectives for Adoptive Cell Therapies in Oncology
Authors: Huang Weize , Li Junyi , Liao Michael Z. , Liu Stephanie N. , Yu Jiajie , Jing Jing , Kotani Naoki , Kamen Lynn , Guelman Sebastian , Miles Dale R.
Published: December 2021

Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have shown transformative efficacy in oncology with five US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapies in hematological malignancies, and promising activity for T cell receptor T‐cell therapies in both liquid and solid tumors. Clinical pharmacology can play a pivotal role in optimizing ACTs, aided by modeling and simulation toolboxes and deep understanding of the underlying biological and immunological processes. Close collaboration and multilevel data integration across functions, including chemistry, manufacturing, and control, biomarkers, bioanalytical, and clinical science and safety teams will be critical to ACT development. As ACT is comprised of alive, polyfunctional, and heterogeneous immune cells, its overall physicochemical and pharmacological property is vastly different from other platforms/modalities, such as small molecule and protein therapeutics. In this review, we first describe the unique kinetics of T cells and the appropriate bioanalytical strategies to characterize cellular kinetics. We then assess the distinct aspects of clinical pharmacology for ACTs in comparison to traditional small molecule and protein therapeutics. Additionally, we provide a review for the five FDA‐approved CAR T‐cell therapies and summarize their properties, cellular kinetic characteristics, dose‐exposure‐response relationship, and potential baseline factors/variables in product, patient, and regimen that may affect the safety and efficacy. Finally, we probe into existing empirical and mechanistic quantitative techniques to understand how various modeling and simulation approaches can support clinical pharmacology strategy and propose key considerations to be incorporated and explored in future models.