bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the potential of territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activities for the needs of the Russian military-industrial complex
Authors: Chereshneva Irina Anatol'evna
Published: January 2025

The economy, being a field where there is a constant rivalry of economic agents, in this perspective is not alien to military science (in a broad sense), therefore the use of economic means for the development of the Russian military-industrial complex seems to be reasonable. From this point it is advisable to present an entrepreneurial and legal view of the development of the Russian military-industrial complex, illustrated by territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activities, namely: the military innovative technopolis "Era" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (hereinafter VIT "Era"). The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, etc.; a systematic approach, special legal and comparative legal methods were used. In the course of the conducted research, the author comes to the following conclusions: 1) VIT "Era" is considered as the type of territories with a special protective regime of entrepreneurial activities, and its essence is the formula "Defense&Innovations"; 2) there is an objective need to use a systematic approach to both the legal regulation of innovation activities and relations in the field of territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activities, including the potential for the creation of new similar to VIT "Era" institutions, which will require a clear legal framework; 3) VIT "Era" represents the implementation of the cluster approach, refracted through a "military" prism, which is a key element ensuring the effective functioning of territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activities.
The role of operating systems and shells in cloud computing: analysis of OS and shells used in cloud platforms and their impact on cloud infrastructure
Authors: Khlestkin Andrei Yurevich , Raikov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich , Kazantsev Andrei Alekseevich , Emelin Daniil Pavlovich , Larin Denis Vyacheslavovich
Published: January 2025

The main focus of the article is on operating systems, cloud computing and command shells, which have been actively developing for several decades and are already part of the life of both an ordinary user and a computer technology professional. These objects are considered as separate components of information technology, as well as their relationship and the results of this relationship. Operating systems in cloud servers perform a managerial role. To be more precise, they manage the resources of physical servers. Operating systems or OS in this case define several parameters. These parameters include how operating systems can use and manage memory and storage for various virtual machines. Command shells, in turn, are represented by an application that provides the user with a command-line interface in which he enters commands both individually and runs scripts consisting of a list of commands. Research methods include theoretical (classification, comparative analysis, literature analysis) and practical (experiment, modeling) approaches. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of operating systems and command shells in cloud computing. The scientific novelty of our research is the creation of scripts to perform a particular task in the field of cloud computing on a specific operating system using the above-described command shells. Thus, the authors provided theoretical data on operating systems and command shells. The authors provided examples of scripts for Bash and Bourne Shell (sh) command shells for the Linux operating system and scripts for Command Prompt command shells (cmd.exe ) and Windows PowerShell for the Microsoft Windows operating system. As a result of the analysis of the scripts, a table was compiled with the impact of the operating system and the command shell on cloud computing. The analysis of the table allowed the authors to characterize the objects of research of this scientific work and draw appropriate conclusions.
Modeling irregular-shaped pores based on the brightness of pixels in a digital image
Authors: Damdinova Tatiana Tsybikovna , Damdinov Zorigto Shiripovich , Prudova Lyudmila Yur'evna , Bubeev Innokentii Trofimovich
Published: January 2025

One of the current directions in the field of materials science is the study and modeling of processes occurring in capillary-porous bodies. These facilities play an important role in areas such as oil production, medicine, construction, production of filters and batteries, and the creation of new materials, where accurate understanding and control of processes occurring in porous media is required. Modern modeling methods using computer vision and high computing power of computers can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of studies of capillary-porous bodies and processes in them. For porous bodies of irregular structure, accurate visual fixation of processes occurring inside objects is difficult, but there is a need for this especially for multilevel processes that affect the state of a porous body. The proposed simulators and models of the structure of such objects using simplifications and abstract models to assess the interaction of substances (diffusion, percolation, etc.) are unsuitable in heterogeneous and irregular structures. To obtain a geometric model of arbitrary-shaped pores, it is proposed to use digital image processing methods. An array of points describing the geometry of the pore has been created. A method of surface modeling based on spline interpolation of selected points is was chosen. To obtain a surface model of an irregular-shaped pore, a technique has been developed for forming an array of points based on the brightness levels of pixels of its digital image. The brightness levels for grouping the initial pore points are determined based on the local maxima of the brightness histogram. An algorithm for constructing a surface model of an irregular-shaped pore using spline interpolation of point arrays has been developed. The result of the software implementation of the developed algorithm for modeling the surface of irregular pores is presented. According to the developed method of geometric modeling of irregular pores, it is possible to obtain further information for analysis on the size and volume of pores, porosity of the object as a whole, as well as to analyze processes in porous objects. If necessary, to increase the accuracy of the shape, the number of brightness levels for grouping points can be increased.
A comparative analysis of the performance of JavaScript code execution environments: Node.js, Deno and Bun
Authors: Smirnov Andrei Aleksandrovich , Podolskiy Egor Aleksandrovich , Cherenkov Artem Vyacheslavovich , Gosudarev Ilia Borisovich
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study was the performance of JavaScript program execution in modern environments Node.js, Deno and Bun. These platforms are used to develop server applications and have significant differences in architecture, functionality and performance. Node.js is the most mature and widespread solution and is actively used in most modern web applications. Deno is a newer environment developed by the creator of Node.js, offering improved security, TypeScript support, and other innovations. Bun, on the other hand, is a modern and high-performance alternative focused on the speed of server-side applications. The purpose of the study is to identify the performance differences between the major modern runtime environments (Node.js, Deno and Bun) for further utilization of these environments in web application development. A computer experiment method using Docker containers and process automation using Ansible was used for the study. The execution time of different scenarios in each of the execution environments was measured. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time a holistic and valid methodology for measuring and comparing JavaScript code performance in modern runtime environments has been proposed, which will allow researchers to build on the proposed approach in further experiments and extend it to new runtime environments. The results show that Bun shows the best performance in synchronous computations (sorting, JSON processing), but is behind Node.js and Deno in checking for prime numbers. Deno showed high performance in asynchronous operations, thanks to the use of Rust and the Tokio library. Node.js, despite lower results in synchronous tasks, showed stable performance in tests and remains a solid choice for large projects. In the course of the study, recommendations were developed for selecting the appropriate server-side JavaScript code execution environment for various tasks.
Capacity of surface water to reduce air multi-pollution in urbanized areas (the City of Krakow, southern Poland)
Authors: Pierri Dorota , Myszkowska Dorota , Casado Alba , Mitana Paulina
Published: January 2025

The study analyzes changes in the physico-chemical parameters in a 400 cm2 artificial water reservoir with distilled water, exposed to a 2-week (±2 days) period of atmospheric conditions in Krakow. After nearly 500 days, dry and wet deposition caused a shift from neutral to acidic pH levels (7.30–5.12, averaging 6.22 pH) and an average electric conductivity of 19.5 μS/cm (1.6–143.0 μS/cm). The study investigated chemical and biological pollutants, including pollen and fungal spores. Three distinct air quality periods were identified: (1) characterized by vehicle and combustion-related pollutants (Oct-Jan), (2) a transitional phase with increased biological particles (Feb-May), and (3) dominated by pollen and fungal spores (Jun-Sep). Despite peak air pollution in the warmest months, air temperature showed an inverse relationship with pollutant concentration, possibly due to decreased air humidity. Precipitation positively impacted air quality. The artificial reservoir received a total of 0.7 kg of air pollutants  (723.6 mg/m2 of surface water table). This corresponds to an annual load of 0.5 kg (551.4 mg) and a daily load of 1.51 mg. The reservoir’s pollutant capture capacity was estimated at 28% ±21% (mean±SD), with a critical value of 12%. The study evaluated Krakow’s surface water reservoirs’ capacity to mitigate air pollution, indicating potential benefits for urban air quality.
Mapping a fracture network formed by hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir
Authors: Węglińska Elżbieta , Leśniak Andrzej , Pasternacki Andrzej , Wandycz Paweł
Published: January 2025

Microseismic monitoring is an important technique that can be used to identify fractures in rock mass. The aim of this article is to identify, on the basis of the location of microseismic events, structures formed by hydraulic fracturing in the Wysin-2H/2Hbis horizontal well from the Baltic Basin in northern Poland, and to compare the patterns of these structures with the direction of regional stresses. The authors proposed a novel multi-step workflow for finding these structures. To be able to delineate the structures from microseismic events with greater accuracy, a collapsing algorithm was used. Then, based on the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) clustering algorithm and the elongation coefficient of each cluster, probable fissures were identified and compared against the maximum horizontal stress direction. In addition, based on the 3D seismic data from the Wysin and the calculated geomechanical parameters in the monitoring well, the probability classes of brittleness indices in the LMR (λρ-μρ) parameter domain were determined. A comparative analysis was performed between the two variants of microseismic event location (before and after the collapsing procedure) and the estimated probability of a given class of brittleness index. The comparison of the event location with the 3D seismic data was used to validate the results before and after collapsing due to the high resolution of the seismic method. It is shown that the collapsed events appeared in more rigid regions, where more energy release is expected.
Radiological analysis of food products of forest origin in the pollution zone of the Kamin-Kashyrskyi district of the Volyn region of Ukraine
Authors: Hromyk Oksana , Ilyin Leonid , Zinchuk Mykola , Grygus Igor , Korotun Serhii , Zukow Walery
Published: January 2025

The problem of the radiological contamination of food products from secondary forest use remains relevant and requires targeted preventive measures, with the contamination being the result of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant disaster. The research was conducted with the aim of comprehensively monitoring the content of radionuclide 137Cs in forest products (Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Blackberries (Rubus L.), Wild Strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), together with Cantharellus cibarius, Boletus edulis, and Leccinum scabrum mushrooms) of the zone of radioactive contamination of the Kamin-Kashyrskyi district of the Volyn region. Samples were collected in 2020–2022. The total number of samples was 729 dried and 975 fresh mushrooms and berries samples for 2020, 1,154 dried and 886 fresh samples for 2021, and 870 dried and 896 fresh samples for 2022. The results of research indicate that in the specified territory, and at the present moment, forest products are to be found with a significant content of the radionuclide 137Cs, including those exceeding the permissible levels. There is, therefore, a threat of further internal exposure of the local population via access to procurement points of contaminated products and restaurants. In connection with the detection of these pollutants in forest products in the studied area, further expansion of specialized radioecological monitoring studies and strengthening of radiological control remains relevant.
Reputation and Sharing Cooperative Behavior in Virtual Settings: A Comparative Study in Three Stages of the Life Cycle
Authors: Gómez Cruz Erika Johnnela , Restrepo Lora Ximena , Blell Jubiz Nadime , Velásquez Jaramillo Juan Felipe , Villada Zapata Johny
Published: January 2025

Cooperative behavior expressed in the conduct of sharing shows relevant results in the participation of individuals in their social and cultural settings. To account for its efficiency, empiric investigation has shown interest in variables modifying it, as well as changes happening during its development. The present study focuses on information about the reputation of a possible collaborative associate as a modulator and the comparison of its incidence during childhood, puberty, and adolescence. Due to its relevance in socialization of new generations, an interactive virtual setting was presented to participants (metaphor for a videogame) where they would earn resources and could decide to share them with other characters considering information on their reputation. It was found that during childhood, in comparison to puberty, participants share their resources more and consider positive reputation more. Analysis by gender shows that female participants are more sensitive to information on positive and negative reputation at the time of sharing, and that, at the stages of life cycle investigated, behavioral tendency was the informative key to account for reputation.
Participación y Salud Mental en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes: Percepción de Profesionales del Sistema de Protección
Authors: Villalobos Antonella Ghio , Cabrera Herrera Valentina , Bravo Paredes Camila , García-Quiroga Manuela
Published: January 2025

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la relación entre participación y salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes desde las percepciones de los profesionales que trabajan en el sistema de protección en Chile. Mediante un muestreo por conveniencia y la técnica de bola de nieve, se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 8 psicólogos/as y 7 trabajadores/as sociales (10 mujeres y 5 hombres entre 27 y 55 años) pertenecientes al área de protección del Servicio Nacional de Menores en las regiones de Valparaíso, Metropolitana, Araucanía y Magallanes. Se efectuó un análisis temático mediante un proceso interpretativo de los datos, construyendo categorías de análisis. Se halló que entre los profesionales existe un bajo consenso respecto al concepto de participación, prevalece una mirada contextual de la salud mental y comparten la idea de que la relación entre participación y salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes está dada principalmente por la influencia unilateral de la participación en la salud mental de estos/as. Se discuten implicancias para la práctica y la investigación en particular la necesidad de fortalecer en los profesionales del área de protección la idea del impacto recíproco entre participación y salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se propone también la necesidad de incluir en las orientaciones técnicas de los programas mecanismos específicos para facilitar la participación infantil. Por último, como proyecciones para la investigación, resulta necesario explorar en futuros estudios la implementación efectiva de las prácticas de participación.
Psicología Comunitaria e Integralidad: Una Alianza Necesaria para la Formación, la Producción de Conocimientos y la Acción Transformadora
Authors: Rodríguez Ferreyra Alicia Raquel , López Sandra Mónica
Published: January 2025

La literatura disponible expone la necesidad de mejorar la formación de los y las psicólogos/as comunitarios/as para comprender y actuar en la complejidad de los escenarios sociales actuales. Sin embargo, existen vacíos en relación a cómo formar en psicología social comunitaria (PSC). Este artículo postula que la integralidad, como orientación político-estratégica de la Universidad de la República en Uruguay, genera condiciones para cumplir con esos requerimientos. Partiendo de los espacios de formación integral (EFI) como dispositivos pedagógicos que buscan implementar dicha orientación, y de un caso en particular (EFI In-Ter-Acción Colectiva), se reflexiona sobre sus componentes y sobre la dinámica que los mismos adquieren. Se propone la necesidad de dispositivos pedagógicos complejos que contemplen distintas dimensiones en el proceso formativo: la articulación teoría-práctica, la interdisciplinariedad, la coproducción de conocimientos, la articulación de la investigación en los procesos de intervención y una propuesta pedagógica coherente. Se concluye en la necesidad de incidir en los escenarios de creciente mercantilización de la formación universitaria en la actualidad, entendiendo que los requerimientos para la formación en PSC se desarrollan en contextos institucionales concretos que la condicionan.
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP17 regulates c‐Myc levels and controls cell proliferation and glycolysis
Authors: Nagasaka Mai , Inoue Yasumichi , Yoshida Manaka , Miyajima Chiharu , Morishita Daisuke , Tokugawa Muneshige , Nakamoto Haruna , Sugano Mayumi , Ohoka Nobumichi , Hayashi Hidetoshi
Published: January 2022

The c‐Myc oncoprotein is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and is essential for cancer cell proliferation. The dysregulation of ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation is one of the contributing factors to the upregulated expression of c‐Myc in human cancers. We herein identified USP17 as a novel deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates c‐Myc levels and controls cell proliferation and glycolysis. The overexpression of USP17 stabilized the c‐Myc protein by promoting its deubiquitination. In contrast, the knockdown of USP17 promoted c‐Myc degradation and reduced c‐Myc levels. The knockdown of USP17 also suppressed cell proliferation and glycolysis. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel role for USP17 in the regulation of c‐Myc stability and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
SV40 T antigen helicase domain regions responsible for oligomerisation regulate Okazaki fragment synthesis initiation
Authors: Onwubiko Nichodemus O. , Scheffel Felicia , Tessmer Ingrid , Nasheuer Heinz Peter
Published: January 2022

The initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis during cellular DNA replication is a crucial step for lagging strand synthesis, which is carried out by the primase function of DNA polymerase α‐primase (Pol‐prim). Since cellular replication protein A (RPA) prevents primase from starting RNA synthesis on single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA), primase requires auxiliary factors, such as the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen (Tag), for the initiation reaction on RPA‐bound ssDNA. Here, we investigated the ability of Tag variants and Tag protein complexes to bind to ssDNA and their resulting effects on the stimulation of Pol‐prim on free and RPA‐bound ssDNA. Atomic force microscopy imaging showed that while Tag131‐627(V350E/P417D) and Tag131‐627(L286D/R567E) (abbreviated as M1 and M2, respectively) could bind to ssDNA as monomers, these monomeric Tags could come together and bind to ssDNA as dimers as well. In a model assay for the initiation of Okazaki fragment synthesis, full‐length Tag SV40 Tag1‐708 and monomeric M2 stimulated DNA synthesis of Pol‐prim on ssDNA and on RPA‐bound ssDNA. In contrast, neither monomeric M1 nor M1‐M2 dimers could stimulate Pol‐prim, on ssDNA or on RPA‐bound ssDNA. Overall, we show that a lack of stimulatory activity of monomeric M1 and M1‐M2 dimers suggests that residues V350 and P417 are not only important for interactions between Tag molecules but also for protein–protein interactions within Okazaki fragment initiation complexes. Thus, we highlight that mutations in M1 are dominant negative with regard to Okazaki fragment initiation.
Accuracy of patient setup positioning using surface‐guided radiotherapy with deformable registration in cases of surface deformation
Authors: Kadman Boriphat , Takemura Akihiro , Ito Tatsuya , Okada Naoki , Kojima Hironori , Ueda Shinichi
Published: January 2022

The Catalyst™ HD (C‐RAD Positioning AB, Uppsala, Sweden) is surface‐guided radiotherapy (SGRT) equipment that adopts a deformable model. The challenge in applying the SGRT system is accurately correcting the setup error using a deformable model when the body of the patient is deformed. This study evaluated the effect of breast deformation on the accuracy of the setup correction of the SGRT system. Physical breast phantoms were used to investigate the relationship between the mean deviation setup error obtained from the SGRT system and the breast deformation. Physical breast phantoms were used to simulate extension and shrinkage deformation (−30 to 30 mm) by changing breast pieces. Three‐dimensional (3D) Slicer software was used to evaluate the deformation. The maximum deformations in X, Y, and Z directions were obtained as the differences between the original and deformed breasts. We collected the mean deviation setup error from the SGRT system by replacing the original breast part with the deformed breast part. The mean absolute difference of lateral, longitudinal, vertical, pitch, roll, and yaw, between the rigid and deformable registrations was 2.4 ± 1.7 mm, 1.3 ± 1.2 mm, 6.4 ± 5.2 mm, 2.5° ± 2.5°, 2.2° ± 2.4°, and 1.0° ± 1.0°, respectively. Deformation in the Y direction had the best correlation with the mean deviation translation error (R = 0.949) and rotation error (R = 0.832). As the magnitude of breast deformation increased, both mean deviation setup errors increased, and there was greater error in translation than in rotation. Large deformation of the breast surface affects the setup correction. Deformation in the Y direction most affects translation and rotation errors.
Examining Health Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Genetic Epidemiology Study
Authors: Clarke Sarah L. N. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Zheng Jie , Spiller Wes , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Sharp Gemma C. , Relton Caroline L.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease; however, little is known about its wider health impacts. This study explores health outcomes associated with JIA genetic liability.

Methods

We used publicly available genetic data sets to interrogate the genetic correlation between JIA and 832 other health‐related traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) was used to examine four genetic correlates for evidence of causality.

Results

We found robust evidence (adjusted P [Padj] < 0.05) of genetic correlation between JIA and rheumatoid arthritis (genetic correlation [rg] = 0.63, Padj = 0.029), hypothyroidism/myxedema (rg = 0.61, Padj = 0.041), celiac disease (CD) (rg = 0.58, Padj = 0.032), systemic lupus erythematosus (rg = 0.40, Padj = 0.032), coronary artery disease (CAD) (rg = 0.42, Padj = 0.006), number of noncancer illnesses (rg = 0.42, Padj = 0.016), paternal health (rg = 0.57, Padj = 0.032), and strenuous sports (rg = −0.52, Padj = 0.032). 2SMR analyses found robust evidence that genetic liability to JIA was causally associated with the number of noncancer illnesses reported by UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (increase of 0.03 noncancer illnesses per doubling odds of JIA, 95% confidence interval 0.01‐0.05).

Conclusion

This study illustrates genetic sharing between JIA and a diversity of health outcomes. The causal association between genetic liability to JIA and noncancer illnesses suggests a need for broader health assessments of patients with JIA to reduce their potential comorbid burden. The strength of genetic correlation with hypothyroidism and CD implies that patients with JIA may benefit from CD and thyroid function screening. Strong positive genetic correlation between JIA and CAD supports the need for cardiovascular risk assessment and risk factor modification.
From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design
Authors: Parr Zachary S. , Borges‐González Jorge , Rashid Reem B. , Thorley Karl J. , Meli Dilara , Paulsen Bryan D. , Strzalka Joseph , Rivnay Jonathan , Nielsen Christian B.
Published: January 2022

Organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors are of significant interest for bioelectronic applications. Here, three different isoindigoid building blocks are used to obtain polymeric mixed conductors with vastly different structural and electronic properties which can be further fine‐tuned through the choice of comonomer unit. This work shows how careful design of the isoindigoid scaffold can afford highly planar polymer structures with high degrees of electronic delocalization, while subtle structural modifications can control the dominant charge carrier (hole or electron) when probed in organic electrochemical transistors. A combination of experimental and computational techniques is employed to probe electrochemical, structural, and mixed ionic and electronic properties of the polymer series which in turn allows the derivation of important structure–property relations for this promising class of materials in the context of organic bioelectronics. Ultimately, these findings are used to outline robust molecular‐design strategies for isoindigo‐based mixed conductors that can support efficient p‐type, n‐type, and ambipolar transistor operation in an aqueous environment.
Direct Synthesis of Photosensitizable Bacterial Cellulose as Engineered Living Material for Skin Wound Repair
Authors: Liu Xingang , Wu Min , Wang Meng , Hu Qida , Liu Jingjing , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin
Published: January 2022

Living materials based on bacterial cellulose (BC) represent a natural and promising candidate for wound dressing. Both physical adsorption and chemical methods have been applied to BC for realizing antibacterial function. However, effective and long‐lasting incorporation of bactericidal moieties to BC remains challenging. Herein, a Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans‐based direct synthetic method to fabricate photosensitizer‐grafted BC through in situ bacterial metabolism in the presence of TPEPy‐modified glucose is explored. The results verify that the direct biosynthesis method is efficient and convenient to endow BC with outstanding fluorescence and light‐triggered photodynamic bactericidal activity for skin wound repair. This work presents a new approach to fabricate eco‐friendly and active wound dressing with light‐controlled bactericidal activity by microbial metabolism. The successful modification of the glucose carbon source of microorganisms also offers insights for biosyntheses of other living materials through microbial metabolism.
Combined Extraction and Ethanol Organosolv Fractionation of Exhausted Olive Pomace for Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Gómez‐Cruz Irene , Romero Inmaculada , Contreras María del Mar , Labidi Jalel , Hernández‐Ramos Fabio , Roseiro Luisa B. , Duarte Luís C. , Castro Eulogio , Carvalheiro Florbela
Published: January 2022

The olive pomace oil extracting industry generates large amounts of exhausted olive pomace (EOP), a lignocellulosic waste that needs to be managed according to sustainable criteria. The aim of this work is to devise an integrated strategy to valorize EOP by applying two‐step extraction, and to evaluate the effect of an ethanol organosolv pretreatment on the delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of the extracted EOP. Once the extraction and organosolv pretreatment conditions are selected, solubilized lignin is recovered from the pretreatment liquor using different methods. In addition to those organosolv lignin samples, a lignin‐rich solid is obtained after enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated solid. All the lignin samples are fully characterized aiming at further valorization. The selected two‐step aqueous extraction (85 °C, 90 min, 10% biomass) removes 89% of the extractives content in raw EOP and achieves the full recovery of phenols and mannitol content in that fraction, 4.7 mg gallic acid equivalents per g EOP and 4.5 mg g−1 EOP, respectively. The organosolv pretreatment (50% ethanol catalyzed with 1% H2SO4, 140 °C, 60 min, 15% biomass) results in a delignified solid with 81% of enzymatic digestibility and a high purity organosolv lignin (>71%), rich in guaiacyl units.
Boron‐Rich Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Highly Selective Adsorbents for Selected Diatomic Air Pollutants: A DFT Study
Authors: Bae Hyeonhu , Hussain Tanveer , Choi Heechol , Lee Hoonkyung
Published: January 2022

Boron‐rich boron nitride nanotubes (BN‐BNNTs), which have boron antisite defects (BN), adsorb gas molecules more favorably as compared to their pristine counterparts because of the localized states of antisites. Using computational chemistry methods, the structural, adsorptive, and electronic properties of selected diatomic air pollutants (CO, NO, and SO) on BN‐BNNT (8,0), with a particular focus on the antisites, are investigated. It is found that CO adsorbs on BN with 180° angle (∠BNCO) while NO and SO adsorb with 142° angle (∠BNNO) and 116° angle (∠BNSO), respectively. This difference is ascribed to the repulsive interaction originated from lone pair electrons on N and S. Adsorption energy of CO, NO, and SO molecules dominates over that of O2 and N2 and is independent of their radii of BN‐BNNTs. The practical capacity of these pollutant molecules is calculated to be ≈5 mmol g–1 (14 wt%) under ambient conditions. Therefore, our results show that BN‐BNNT can be used as a highly selective adsorbent for diatomic air pollutants. BN‐BNNT as sensing materials in terms of change in bandgap and work function through the adsorption is also discussed.
Identification of a STIM1 Splicing Variant that Promotes Glioblastoma Growth
Authors: Xie Jiansheng , Ma Guolin , Zhou Lijuan , He Lian , Zhang Zhao , Tan Peng , Huang Zixian , Fang Shaohai , Wang Tianlu , Lee Yi‐Tsang , Wen Shufan , Siwko Stefan , Wang Liuqing , Liu Jindou , Du Yangchun , Zhang Ningxia , Liu Xiaoxuan , Han Leng , Huang Yun , Wang Rui , Wang Youjun , Zhou Yubin , Han Weidong
Published: January 2022

Deregulated store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated by aberrant STIM1‐ORAI1 signaling is closely implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Here the authors report the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of STIM1, designated STIM1β, that harbors an extra exon to encode 31 additional amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain. STIM1β, highly conserved in mammals, is aberrantly upregulated in glioma tissues to perturb Ca2+ signaling. At the molecular level, the 31‐residue insertion destabilizes STIM1β by perturbing its cytosolic inhibitory domain and accelerating its activation kinetics to efficiently engage and gate ORAI calcium channels. Functionally, STIM1β depletion affects SOCE in glioblastoma cells, suppresses tumor cell proliferation and growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, their study establishes a splicing variant‐specific tumor‐promoting role of STIM1β that can be potentially targeted for glioblastoma intervention.
Flow physics of planar bistable fluidic oscillator with backflow limbs
Authors: Madane Ketan , Khalde Chirag , Pandit Ajinkya , Ranade Vivek V.
Published: January 2022

Fluidic oscillators (FOs) are used in a variety of applications, including process control and process intensification. Despite the simple design and operation of FOs, the fluid dynamics of FOs exhibit rich complexities. The inherently unstable flow, jet oscillations, and resulting vortices influence mixing and other transport processes. In this work, we computationally investigated the fluid dynamics of a new design of a planar FO with backflow limbs. The design comprised of two symmetric backflow limbs leading to bistable flow. The unsteady flow dynamics, internal recirculation, jet oscillations, secondary flow vortices were computationally studied over a range of inlet Reynolds numbers (2400–12,000). The nature and frequency of the jet oscillations were quantified. The computed jet oscillation frequency was compared with the experimentally measured (using imaging techniques) jet oscillation frequency. The flow model was then used to quantitatively understand mixing, heat transfer, and residence time distribution. The approach and the results presented in this work will provide a basis for designing FO's with desired flow and transport characteristics for various engineering applications.
Ein DNA‐basierter exzitonischer Zweikomponenten‐Schalter auf der Grundlage von Hochleistungs‐Diarylethenen
Authors: Büllmann Simon M. , Kolmar Theresa , Zorn Nicolas F. , Zaumseil Jana , Jäschke Andres
Published: January 2022

Nukleosidische Diarylethene (DAEs) sind eine zunehmend beachtete Klasse von Photochromen, wurden aber bisher kaum in den Materialwissenschaften angewandt. Hier haben wir neue, doppelt methylierte 2′‐Desoxyuridin‐basierte DAEs mit hoher Thermostabilität und Reversibilität entwickelt, die deutlich leistungsfähiger als ihre Vorgänger sind. Um ihre Nützlichkeit zu demonstrieren, haben wir einen rein optischen exzitonischen Schalter entwickelt, der aus zwei Oligonukleotiden besteht: ein Strang enthält ein fluorogenes doppelt methyliertes 2′‐Desoxyuridin als Fluoreszenzdonor und der andere ein tricyclisches Cytidin (tC) als Akzeptor. In Kombination bilden diese ein hocheffizientes konditionales Förster‐Resonanz‐Energie‐Transfer (FRET)‐Paar. Das System wurde in Lösung und in der Festphase getestet und zeigte einen starken abstands‐ und orientierungsabhängigen photochromen FRET. Das System wurde mit hervorragendem An/Aus‐Kontrast über 100mal ohne Ermüdungserscheinungen geschaltet.
Topochemical Synthesis of a Heterochiral Peptide Polymer in Different Polymorphic Forms from Crystals and Aerogels
Authors: Rai Rishika , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: January 2022

We have designed a heterochiral dipeptide monomer (N3‐D‐Ala‐L‐Val‐NHCH2C≡CH) modified with an azide group and an alkyne at its termini for topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization. We obtained two different polymorphs: PI (P21) from a DCM–toluene mixture, and PII (P‐1) from a hexane–ethyl acetate mixture. PI adopts parallel β‐sheet packing, and PII adopts antiparallel β‐sheet packing. In both the cases, molecules from adjacent β‐stacks are arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner. On heating, the polymorphs underwent TAAC reaction to form linear polymers having parallel β‐sheet‐like ordering (PI) and an antiparallel β‐sheet structure (PII). PI reacted spontaneously at room temperature and the crystals showed cracking after the reaction, but PII was intact even after complete reaction. The dipeptide congealed various solvents, and the aerogels were identical to PI. These aerogels also underwent spontaneous TAAC reaction at room temperature to yield a pseudoprotein with alternate D‐ and L‐amino acids.
A DNA‐Based Two‐Component Excitonic Switch Utilizing High‐Performance Diarylethenes
Authors: Büllmann Simon M. , Kolmar Theresa , Zorn Nicolas F. , Zaumseil Jana , Jäschke Andres
Published: January 2022

Nucleosidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes but have rarely been used in materials science. Here, we have developed doubly methylated DAEs derived from 2′‐deoxyuridine with high thermal stability and fatigue resistance. These new photoswitches not only outperform their predecessors but also rival classical non‐nucleosidic DAEs. To demonstrate the utility of these new DAEs, we have designed an all‐optical excitonic switch consisting of two oligonucleotides: one strand containing a fluorogenic double‐methylated 2′‐deoxyuridine as a fluorescence donor and the other a tricyclic cytidine (tC) as acceptor, which together form a highly efficient conditional Förster‐Resonance‐Energy‐Transfer (FRET) pair. The system was operated in liquid and solid phases and showed both strong distance‐ and orientation‐dependent photochromic FRET. The superior ON/OFF contrast was maintained over up to 100 switching cycles, with no detectable fatigue.
Role of polymer‐filler interaction on Mg(OH)2 and alumina trihydrate‐loaded ethylene propylene diene monomer based polymer composite for high voltage insulation application
Authors: Rizwan Mohammed , Chandan Mohammed Rehaan
Published: January 2022

Use of polymer composite as a high voltage insulator material is currently under investigation for its commercial application, longer durability, and cost effectiveness. This work probes the effect of polymer‐filler interaction on mechanical, morphological, thermal and dielectric properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) based polymer composite. EPDM composites were successfully prepared using two roll‐mill and vulcanized in a hot press compression mold. Surface morphology indicates uniform dispersion of filler at lower filler loading, whereas at higher loading cluster/agglomeration was observed. 30 phr magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) loaded sample showed the highest static contact angle of 102.3°. Mg(OH)2 based samples show higher tensile strength because of strong interfacial interaction between filler and polymer. In addition, alumina trihydrate (ATH) and Mg(OH)2 based composite exhibit high thermal stability with initial thermal degradation temperature of ~200 and ~320°C, respectively. FTIR spectrum reveals the formation of strong –OH bonds between Mg(OH)2 and polymer molecules. A maximum enhancement in dielectric breakdown strength of ~50% and ~30% were recorded for 60 phr ATH and 30 phr Mg(OH)2 loaded EPDM composites respectively. Finally, the results indicate a strong possibility of developing EPDM based polymer composites as an efficient high voltage insulator.
Tribological performances of cellulose nanocrystals in water‐based lubricating fluid
Authors: Da Rocha Pollyana Grazielle Luz , De Oliveira Matheus Gonçalves Leão , Lemos Paulo Vitor França , De Sousa Costa Larissa Alves , Da Rocha Lucimar Pacheco Gomes , De Almeida Júnior Adelson Ribeiro , Da Silva Jania Betania Alves
Published: January 2022

This work aimed to prepare and characterize cellulose nanocrystals as an additive to a water‐based lubricating fluid. Different concentrations of the cellulose nanocrystals suspensions (0.50–1.25%wt) were added to the lubricant fluid. The nanolubricants were submitted to the pin‐disk test. The rigid/severe electrodynamic lubrication regime was conducted under different rotation speeds (500 and 63 rpm) and external loads (8.47 and 1.77 N). The cellulose nanocrystals showed a high yield (74%), an aspect ratio from 23 to 35, and thermal stability at 219.0°C. The coefficient of friction increased from 4% to 97%) with the addition of the cellulose nanocrystals for the test at 500 rpm and decreased by up to 50% at 63 rpm both at 8.47 N. The wear rate reduced with increasing concentration of nanocrystals in the lubricant fluid, showing a reduction by up to 99% at 500 rpm–8.47 N compared with fluid without nanocrystals.
Craniofacial growth and morphology among intersecting clinical categories
Authors: Knigge Ryan P. , Hardin Anna M. , Middleton Kevin M. , McNulty Kieran P. , Oh Hee Soo , Valiathan Manish , Duren Dana L. , Sherwood Richard J.
Published: January 2022

Differential patterns of craniofacial growth are important sources of variation that can result in skeletal malocclusion. Understanding the timing of growth milestones and morphological change associated with adult skeletal malocclusions is critical for developing individualized orthodontic growth modification strategies. To identify patterns in the timing and geometry of growth, we used Bayesian modeling of cephalometrics and geometric morphometric analyses with a dense, longitudinal sample consisting of 15,407 cephalograms from 1,913 individuals between 2 and 31 years of age. Individuals were classified into vertical facial types (hyper‐, normo‐, hypo‐divergent) and anteroposterior (A‐P) skeletal classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on adult mandibular plane angle and ANB angle, respectively. These classifications yielded eight facial type‐skeletal class categories with sufficient sample sizes to be included in the study. Four linear cephalometrics representing facial heights and maxillary and mandibular lengths were fit to standard double logistic models generating type‐class category‐specific estimates for age, size, and rate of growth at growth milestones. Mean landmark configurations were compared among type‐class categories at four time points between 6 and 20 years of age. Overall, morphology and growth patterns were more similar within vertical facial types than within A‐P classes and variation among A‐P classes typically nested within variation among vertical types. Further, type‐class‐associated variation in the rate and magnitude of growth in specific regions identified here may serve as targets for clinical treatment of complex vertical and A‐P skeletal malocclusion and provide a clearer picture of the development of variation in craniofacial form.
Performance limitation analysis of networked control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Cheng LingLi , Yan Huaicheng , Zhan Xisheng , Wang Meng , Shi Kaibo
Published: January 2022

The performance limitation analysis of networked control systems (NCSs) with denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and external disturbances is studied in this paper. An optimal control strategy is proposed to solve the problem of performance limitation, and also an intrusion detection system (IDS) method is used to detect DoS attacks, so that DoS attacks have the least impact on NCSs. A non‐cooperative game model between IDS and DoS attackers is established, and the optimal packet delivery rate of NCSs is obtained by solving the Nash equilibrium (NE) strategy of the non‐cooperative game. An appropriate Lyapunov function is selected, and the accuracy of the definition is proved by the dynamic programming and mathematical induction. The derived results show that the performance limitation of NCSs is influenced by traditional constraints, DoS attacks, and external disturbances. Finally, some examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Experimental control in the adapted alternating treatments design: A review of procedures and outcomes
Authors: Cariveau Tom , Fetzner Delanie
Published: January 2022

The adapted alternating treatments design (AATD) is a single‐case experimental design (SCD) that allows for the comparison of two or more instructional procedures on the acquisition of non‐reversible behaviors. Recent descriptions of quality indicators and methodological practices (e.g., equating target sets) specific to the AATD may help guide researchers and clinicians interested in using this design, although additional descriptions of best practices are warranted. One area that has not been considered previously are methods to demonstrate experimental control in the AATD; a two‐step process that involves experimental procedures and outcomes of the study. The current review analyzed studies published using the AATD in 27 journals to describe researchers' use of methods that allow for the demonstration of experimental control (e.g., no‐treatment control condition or combined experimental designs) and, when present, whether participants' responding suggested that potential threats to internal validity were present. The current review found that authors arranged for some type of control procedure in just over half of the reviewed studies. These studies also commonly adhered to recommended practices by frequently assessing responding in the control condition; nevertheless, participant performance suggesting potential threats to internal validity were common. Recommended practices and areas for future research are considered.
ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2: Highly efficient bimetallic catalyst for acetylation of alcohol with acetic acid
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mujahid , Atkore Sandeep T. , Kamble Vinod T. , Varala Ravi
Published: January 2022

This work describes the highly efficient acetylation (acylation) of alcohols with acetic acid for the ester synthesis in the presence of newly designed a new composite zirconium (IV) chloride and magnesium catalyst which is used bimetallic acidic catalyst ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2, which is formed by grinding ZrCl4 and Mg(ClO4)2 in the molar ratio of 1:2, respectively. Thus, the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and thermogravimetric analysis of the ZrCl4, Mg(ClO4)2, and non‐calcined ZrCl4‐Mg(ClO4)2 were recorded. In each case, structural analysis was carried by grinding the catalyst in mortar and pestle.
Automatic construction of coronary artery tree structure based on vessel blood flow tracking
Authors: Liu Xuqing , Huang Yunfei , Xie Lihua , Wang Xiaofei , Guan Changdong , Du Tianming , Chen Donghao , Zou Tongqiang , Shi Zhenpeng , Li Ang , Zhao Senxiang , Xu Yang , Zhang Honggang , Xu Bo
Published: January 2022

We sought to propose an innovative vessel blood flow tracking (VBFT) method to extract coronary artery tree (CAT) and to assess the effectiveness of this VBFT versus the single‐frame method. Construction of a CAT from a segmented artery is the basis of artificial intelligence‐aided angiographic diagnosis. However, construction of a CAT using a single frame remains challenging, due to bifurcations and overlaps in two‐dimensional angiograms. Overall, 13,222 angiograms, including 28,539 vessels, were retrospectively collected from 3275 patients and were then annotated. Coronary arteries were automatically segmented by a previously established deep neural networks (DNNs), and the skeleton lines were then extracted from segmentation images to construct CAT using the single‐frame method and the VBFT method. Additionally, 1322 angiograms with 2201 vessels were used to test these two methods. Compared to the single‐frame method, the VBFT method can significantly improve the accuracy of CAT as (84.3% vs. 72.3%; p < 0.001). Overlap (OV) was higher in the VBFT group than that in the Single‐Frame group (91.1% vs. 87.5%; p < 0.001). The VBFT method significantly reduced the incidence of the lack of branching (7.30% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001), insufficient length (6.70% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001), and redundant branches (1.60% vs. 3.10%, p < 0.001). The VBFT method improved the extraction of a CAT structure, which will facilitate the development of artificial intelligence‐aided angiographic diagnosis. Cardiologists can efficiently diagnose CAD using this method.