bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Activist Lab and the MOULA Program
Authors: Liller Karen D. , Yang Yingwei , Lim Andrew
Published: June 2020

The Activist Lab at the University of South Florida College of Public Health is an exciting initiative that serves to build interdisciplinary advocacy and leadership skills for public health students and the community. The Lab is led by a very active student advisory group that with the Director develops the advocacy strategies and focus areas for change. The Activist Lab’s More Opportunities to Use Learned Advocacy, or MOULA program, allows students to work side by side with local agencies to support their advocacy efforts. A recent student works with the local Guardian ad Litem program to determine needs and services for children in the foster care system who have also been trafficked. The student is working with attorneys, social workers, families, advocates, and others so that the best needs of the children are met. Students must apply and be selected for the MOULA program based on their responses as to how they could meet the agency’s needs. The best responses and matches with the agencies are then determined. Students who participate in MOULA do midyear and final-year reports, evaluate their experiences, are evaluated by the agency mentor, develop a presentation on their experiences, and are interviewed on one of the Activist Lab podcast episodes. The Activist Lab and initiatives such as MOULA provide an opportunity for students to learn and advance critical public health advocacy skills and will help strengthen these skills for future success.
Which Citizens Do Elected Officials Target With Distributive Spending? A Survey Experiment on U.S. Municipal Officials
Authors: Dynes Adam M.
Published: June 2020

Research is mixed as to whether politicians target swing voters or core supporters with distributive spending and whether citizens’ turnout affects this strategy. I use a novel data set and research design to examine this—a survey experiment on elected municipal officials. Respondents indicated which of two neighborhoods to target with a local project. I find that local officials, on average, target swing neighborhoods over core ones because they believe that swing voters are more likely than core voters to electorally punish politicians for targeting other groups. Yet, a large proportion still target core voters but not for reasons consistent with extant theory. Officials generally target high turnout neighborhoods over low turnout ones but under certain conditions are also willing to target lower turnout citizens. These findings point to the need for ongoing work to identify the conditions under which officials will target core or swing voters.
Impact of Oncological Therapy and Viscum album L Treatment on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Internal Coherence in Nonmetastasized Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Oei Shiao Li , Thronicke Anja , Kröz Matthias , von Trott Philipp , Schad Friedemann , Matthes Harald
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Viscum album L extracts (VA) are frequently used in integrative oncology. Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of add-on VA applications on various patient-reported outcome measures. Methods: A longitudinal real-world study was conducted, using data from the Network Oncology clinical registry. Primary, nonmetastasized breast cancer patients treated with oncological standard therapy partly combined with VA applications were included. Internal Coherence Cancer-related Fatigue, and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months later. Results: A total of 319 patients received standard oncological therapy and 40% of them additionally VA applications. After 6 and 12 months for patients treated with chemotherapy (Ctx) only a significant decline of the thermo-coherence, and worsening of fatigue was observed. For patients receiving VA applications but no Ctx, significant beneficial effects on thermo-coherence, fatigue, and seven EORTC QLQ-C30 scales were observed 24 months later. Adjusted multivariable long-term subgroup ( n = 106) regression analysis revealed that Ctx, immuno-, and endocrine therapies had a worsening of 17, 17, and 6 point changes, respectively, for EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue ( P = .0004), while VA applications showed an improvement of 12 point change. A similar impact of improvement (add-on VA) and worsening (standard oncological treatment regimens) on EORTC QLQ-C30 insomnia ( P = .009) and physical functioning ( P = .005) were observed. Conclusions: In the present real-world study, add-on VA applications had a supportive effect on cancer-related fatigue, insomnia, physical functioning, and thermo-coherence. Thus, VA applications might be suited to alleviate symptom burden during anticancer therapy in breast cancer patients.
Endovascular Embolization of a Previously Treated Renal Arteriovenous Malformation Presenting With Gross Hematuria
Authors: Gorsi Ujjwal , Bansal Akash , Jain Rupali , Sharma Aditya Prakash , Sandhu Manavjit Singh
Published: June 2020

Renal arteriovenous shunts are direct communications between the supplying artery and draining vein without the presence of an intervening capillary bed. They can be traumatic or nontraumatic. Coils can be used for embolization of feeding arteries; however, they do not treat the nidus directly. We report a case in which proximal coil placement in feeding arteries led to recanalization of the renal AV shunt through collaterals, resulting in recurrent hematuria. The case was subsequently managed by embolizing the nidus by N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate glue.
Task-Specific Versus Impairment-Based Training on Locomotor Performance in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Lotter Jennifer K. , Henderson Christopher E. , Plawecki Abbey , Holthus Molly E. , Lucas Emily H. , Ardestani Marzieh M. , Schmit Brian D. , Hornby T. George
Published: June 2020

Background. Many research studies attempting to improve locomotor function following motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) focus on providing stepping practice. However, observational studies of physical therapy strategies suggest the amount of stepping practice during clinical rehabilitation is limited; rather, many interventions focus on mitigating impairments underlying walking dysfunction. Objective. The purpose of this blinded-assessor randomized trial was to evaluate the effects of task-specific versus impairment-based interventions on walking outcomes in individuals with iSCI. Methods. Using a crossover design, ambulatory participants with iSCI >1-year duration performed either task-specific (upright stepping) or impairment-based training for up to 20 sessions over ≤6 weeks, with interventions alternated after >4 weeks delay. Both strategies focused on achieving higher cardiovascular intensities, with training specificity manipulated by practicing only stepping practice in variable contexts or practicing tasks targeting impairments underlying locomotor dysfunction (strengthening, balance tasks, and recumbent stepping). Results. Significantly greater increases in fastest overground and treadmill walking speeds were observed following task-specific versus impairment-based training, with moderate associations between differences in amount of practice and outcomes. Gains in balance confidence were also observed following task-specific vs impairment-based training, although incidence of falls was also increased with the former protocol. Limited gains were observed with impairment-based training except for peak power during recumbent stepping tests. Conclusion. The present study reinforces work from other patient populations that the specificity of task practice is a critical determinant of locomotor outcomes and suggest impairment-based exercises may not translate to improvements in functional tasks. Clinical Trial Registration URL. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; Unique Identifier: NCT02115685.
A Longitudinal Test of a Feminist Pathways Model Among Black Youth: Incorporating Racial Discrimination and School Difficulties
Authors: Sutton Tara E. , Simons Leslie Gordon
Published: June 2020

This study addresses important gaps in previous quantitative tests of feminist pathways theory by utilizing longitudinal data from Black men and women and by incorporating racial discrimination and school difficulties. We examine early physical abuse, sexual abuse, and racial discrimination as risks for criminal behavior and psychological distress, school difficulties, and substance use as links between early trauma and young adulthood crime. Consistent with previous studies, early abusive experiences were more salient for Black women than men, but racial discrimination was meaningful for both women and men. Moreover, the connections among mediators differed. Policy implications are offered.
Object combination in mental simulations
Authors: Hoeben Mannaert Lara N , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf A
Published: June 2020

Studies on the presence of mental simulations during language comprehension have typically focused only on single object properties. This study investigates whether two objects are combined in mental simulations, and whether this is influenced by task instructions. In both experiments, participants read sentences describing animals using a tool in some way. After each sentence, they saw an image of a cartoon animal holding a tool, and they indicated whether the animal (Experiment 1) or the tool (Experiment 2) was mentioned in the previous sentence or not. The shown image completely matched, partially matched, partially mismatched, or completely mismatched the preceding sentence. In total, 90 Dutch psychology students took part in Experiment 1, and 92 students took part in Experiment 2, both experiments were pre-registered. The results suggest that mental simulations indeed combine multiple objects during language comprehension and that this is not influenced by task instructions. Regardless of the instruction type, participants always responded quickest in the complete match condition compared to the partial match condition, suggesting that language comprehension leads to the creation of a complete mental simulation.
Heterogeneous gold(III)-catalyzed tandem cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamides with ammonium acetate toward 1-aminoisoquinolines
Authors: Yang Weisen , Du Yingying , Yi Feiyan , Cai Mingzhong
Published: June 2020

Heterogeneous tandem cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamides with ammonium acetate is achieved in acetonitrile at 85 °C using a magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized bipy-gold(III) complex and AgSbF6 as catalysts to afford a variety of 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives in moderate to high yields. This heterogeneous gold catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by simply applying an external magnetic field and can be recycled at least seven times without any apparent loss of catalytic activity.
The contribution of skills in the interpretation of a volleyball set result with minimum score difference across genders
Authors: Drikos Sotirios , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Barzouka Karolina , Angelonidis Yannis
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to identify volleyball skills that best discriminate between winning and losing in a set with the minimum score difference of men’s and women’s volleyball. The data have been collected for men from 140 and for women from 98 teams’ performances in all sets finished with 2 points difference between the top four teams in the final ranking during the men’s and women’s Greek Volleyball League for five seasons (2013–2014 until 2017–2018). The primary recorded and evaluated skills from 119 sets for men and women respectively are: 3422 and 2419 serves, 2916 and 2120 passes, 2566 and 1656 attacks after serve’s pass, 1518 and 1804 counter-attacks (after defense) and 1595 and 818 blocks. For the evaluation scale of each skill, a six-level ordinal scale was employed, with the value of “one” indicating a poorly executed skill and the value of “six” an excellent executed skill. The analysis revealed significant multivariate differences in gender and in the type of result and not in their interaction. A follow-up discriminant analysis showed that attack 1 is the most important performance indicator for male teams. Meanwhile, for female teams, the most important performance indicators are winning attack after serve’s pass but also counter-attack. The discriminant function classified correctly 67% and 58%, for men and women respectively, allowing space for further improving the critical performance indicators for both genders.
Results of proximal interphalangeal arthroplasty: border digits versus middle digits
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Barras Laurel A. , Fort Michael W. , Robinson William , Rizzo Marco
Published: June 2020

This investigation assessed 106 consecutive primary proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties performed on border digits: 73 index or 33 little fingers. This was compared with 193 arthroplasties performed in non-border digits: 121 middle or 72 ring fingers. There were 20 proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties in the border digits that required revision surgery for pain and stiffness (10 digits), dislocation (six digits), implant fracture (one digit), and infection (three digits). Risk of revision surgery was not associated with border digit. The 5-year implant survival rate for the border digits was 81%. There was no significant difference in implant revision rate or joint dislocations between border and non-border digits. We conclude that proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties performed in border digits had similar pain relief, survivorship, complications, and reoperation rates compared with those performed in non-border digits.

Level of evidence: IV
Investigating fever in the returning tropical traveller
Authors: Gummaraju Advaith
Published: June 2020

Globalisation has led to increased international travel for work, leisure, and to visit friends and relatives in a country of origin; this has led to greater exposure to tropical infectious agents. Many serious tropical infections encountered in primary care in the UK present as fever in a returning traveller. GPs must recognise potentially serious causes of fever in this population to ensure patients receive timely treatment. This article aims to provide a suitable framework for safe assessment, investigation and management of a patient with fever following international travel.
Varicoceles
Authors: Albert Adam
Published: June 2020

A varicocele is an abnormal venous dilatation and/or tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum. The exact pathophysiology of varicoceles is not very well understood, including whether there is any effect on male infertility. They can, however, be uncomfortable or painful and may result in testicular growth arrest during and prior to puberty. Varicocoeles can cause significant anxiety in patients about infertility, testicular cancer, or appearance. This article will not only discuss how to diagnose, when to investigate, and how to treat varicoceles, but also when to leave them alone.
Changing demography of homeless adult populations
Authors: Tsai J , Mehta K , Mongtomery AE , Elbogen E , Hooshyar D
Published: June 2020

As the demographic characteristics of the US population have changed over the past decade, the characteristics of different homeless populations have changed as well. This study tracked changes in demographic characteristics of homeless adult, veteran, and healthcare service user populations against general adult and veteran populations from 2007-2017. The results showed that changing demographics of homeless populations largely reflected broader trends in the general population, and attention is needed on the clinical needs of aging homeless populations. There may be some unique changes in the demography of some homeless populations, such as younger homeless veterans seeking healthcare services.
Feature-Based Machine Learning Model for Real-Time Hypoglycemia Prediction
Authors: Dave Darpit , DeSalvo Daniel J. , Haridas Balakrishna , McKay Siripoom , Shenoy Akhil , Koh Chester J. , Lawley Mark , Erraguntla Madhav
Published: June 2020

Background:

Hypoglycemia is a serious health concern in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Real-time data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be used to predict hypoglycemic risk, allowing patients to take timely intervention measures.

Methods:

A machine learning model is developed for probabilistic prediction of hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) in 30- and 60-minute time horizons based on CGM datasets obtained from 112 patients over a range of 90 days consisting of over 1.6 million CGM values under normal living conditions. A comprehensive set of features relevant for hypoglycemia are developed and a parsimonious subset with most influence on predicting hypoglycemic risk is identified. Model performance is evaluated both with and without contextual information on insulin and carbohydrate intake.

Results:

The model predicted hypoglycemia with >91% sensitivity for 30- and 60-minute prediction horizons while maintaining specificity >90%. Inclusion of insulin and carbohydrate data yielded performance improvement for 60-minute but not for 30-minute predictions. Model performance was highest for nocturnal hypoglycemia (~95% sensitivity). Shortterm (less than one hour) and medium-term (one to four hours) features for good prediction performance are identified.

Conclusions:

Innovative feature identification facilitated high performance for hypoglycemia risk prediction in pediatric youth with T1D. Timely alerts of impending hypoglycemia may enable proactive measures to avoid severe hypoglycemia and achieve optimal glycemic control. The model will be deployed on a patient-facing smartphone application in an upcoming pilot study.
Insulin Pump Therapy for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence, Current Barriers, and New Technologies
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Buck Sina , Waldenmaier Delia , Kulzer Bernhard , Schnell Oliver , Gelchsheimer Ulrich , Ziegler Ralph , Heinemann Lutz
Published: June 2020

An increasing number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) use insulin pumps. The first insulin pumps especially designed for patients with T2DM have recently become available. However, national guidelines do not primarily recommend the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for this patient group. The effectiveness of CSII in T2DM has not yet been convincingly demonstrated, despite some positive evidence. An overview and an assessment of various studies to date will be given. T2DM is a heterogeneous disease with a substantial phenotypic variability; therefore, it is difficult to provide general conclusions about the effectiveness of CSII in T2DM therapy. The pump types, characteristics, and associated barriers may play a relevant role for therapy outcome. Most advanced functions like various bolus dosages offered by conventional insulin pumps are not needed for T2DM treatment and complicate the device handling for this subject group. Additionally, new technologies like increased connectivity, advanced software features, and interoperability are currently becoming available representing further barriers. The implementation of this technological progress might be a benefit for pumps for T2DM as well. However, these have not been sufficiently examined either and increased security challenges due to integrated peripheral components should not be neglected in terms of a sound cybersecurity. Pump features and handling for patients with T2DM should be as easy as possible, indicating a need for insulin pumps specially designed for patients with T2DM. However, it has to be investigated if pumps designed for T2DM are more effective than other intensified insulin regimens.
Search Engine Consumer Journeys: Exploring and Segmenting Click-Through Behaviors
Authors: Cheng Ming , Anderson Chris K.
Published: June 2020

The consumer online search journey is viewed as one of the key determinants toward consumer purchase decisions. Using a unique disaggregated query-level data set collected from a leading Chinese search engine, we employ a latent-class, two-stage logistic regression model and identify the existence of three distinct consumer segments in the hospitality industry. Each group represents a unique stage of the consumer experience along a typical search journey, leading to a set of click-through behaviors. The consumer search and click-through insights garnered from this study provide hotel marketers with deeper understandings and actionable guidelines to the development of their search advertising campaign and (re)targeting strategies. The segmentation model and the empirical insights also demonstrate the possibility that a segment-specific ad assortment approach could improve advertising efficiency, enrich consumer’s search experience, and eventually create a win-win situation that benefit all entities involved in the hospitality-related, search advertising domain.
Complex Meniscus Tears Treated with Collagen Matrix Wrapping and Bone Marrow Blood Injection: Clinical Effectiveness and Survivorship after a Minimum of 5 Years’ Follow-Up
Authors: Ciemniewska-Gorzela Kinga , Bąkowski Paweł , Naczk Jakub , Jakob Roland , Piontek Tomasz
Published: June 2020

Purpose. To determine the 5-year success rate of the “all-inside” technique of arthroscopic meniscus suture and collagen membrane wrapping along with bone marrow blood injection, to evaluate the progression of degenerative changes and the impact of simultaneous anteriro cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods. Fifty-four consecutive patients with complex meniscal tears were treated with the previously described technique. The subjective scores (International Knee Documentation Committee 2000, Lysholm, EQ-5D-5L) and Barret clinical criteria of meniscal healing were recorded. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were assessed at 2 and 5 years postoperatively, using the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed in order to assess the survivorship after the index procedure. Thirty-nine patients were divided into 2 groups: group A—isolated meniscus repair and group B—meniscus repair with concurrent ACL reconstruction. Results. Fifty-four patients were treated and 44 were available for analysis. There was a statistically significant improvement in subjective scores and clinical assessment between the preoperative, 2-year follow-up, and 5-year follow-up time points. EQ-5D-5L utility value was 0.9 ± 1 at final follow-up. The WORMS osteoarthritis severity grade had increased from 6.9 ± 5.0 points at the 2-year follow-up to 11.1 ± 9.6 points at the 5-year follow-up ( P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups after 60 months. The overall survival rate at final follow-up was 88%. Conclusions. The treatment option evaluated in this study has shown very good mid-term clinical and MRI-based outcomes as well as a favorable survival rate. Simultaneous ACL reconstruction is likely a factor for osteoarthritis progression.
Amniotic fluid embolism and management of coagulopathy: A case report with successful outcome
Authors: Tay Jun Hoe , Goy Raymond Wee Lip , Sng Ban Leong
Published: June 2020

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare and potentially catastrophic condition unique to pregnancy. Presentation may range from subtle clinical events to sudden and fatal maternal cardiorespiratory arrest, with a reported incidence of 2–6 in 100,000 deliveries and mortality of 15–60%. Management should include immediate high-grade resuscitation for AFE presenting as cardiac arrest, involvement of multidisciplinary team, provision of adequate ventilator and circulatory support, treatment of coagulopathy precipitated by AFE, and immediate delivery of the foetus in cases of cardiac arrest. The following case report involves a patient with suspected AFE post-induction of labour with favourable maternal and neonatal outcome in our local setting. The management of coagulopathy in AFE is further discussed, including use of massive transfusion protocols, pharmacological agents and recombinant factor VIIa.
Phenomenal Causality and Sensory Realism
Authors: Meding Kristof , Bruijns Sebastian A. , Schölkopf Bernhard , Berens Philipp , Wichmann Felix A.
Published: June 2020

One of the most important tasks for humans is the attribution of causes and effects in all wakes of life. The first systematical study of visual perception of causality—often referred to as phenomenal causality—was done by Albert Michotte using his now well-known launching events paradigm. Launching events are the seeming collision and seeming transfer of movement between two objects—abstract, featureless stimuli (“objects”) in Michotte’s original experiments. Here, we study the relation between causal ratings for launching events in Michotte’s setting and launching collisions in a photorealistically computer-rendered setting. We presented launching events with differing temporal gaps, the same launching processes with photorealistic billiard balls, as well as photorealistic billiard balls with realistic motion dynamics, that is, an initial rebound of the first ball after collision and a short sliding phase of the second ball due to momentum and friction. We found that providing the normal launching stimulus with realistic visuals led to lower causal ratings, but realistic visuals together with realistic motion dynamics evoked higher ratings. Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional presentation, on the other hand, did not affect phenomenal causality. We discuss our results in terms of intuitive physics as well as cue conflict.
Age matters: differences in exercise-induced cardiovascular remodelling in young and middle aged healthy sedentary individuals
Authors: Torlasco Camilla , D’Silva Andrew , Bhuva Anish N , Faini Andrea , Augusto Joao B , Knott Kristopher D , Benedetti Giulia , Jones Siana , Zalen Jet Van , Scully Paul , Lobascio Ilaria , Parati Gianfranco , Lloyd Guy , Hughes Alun D , Manisty Charlotte H , Sharma Sanjay , Moon James C
Published: June 2020

Aims

Remodelling of the cardiovascular system (including heart and vasculature) is a dynamic process influenced by multiple physiological and pathological factors. We sought to understand whether remodelling in response to a stimulus, exercise training, altered with healthy ageing.

Methods

A total of 237 untrained healthy male and female subjects volunteering for their first time marathon were recruited. At baseline and after 6 months of unsupervised training, race completers underwent tests including 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance, brachial and non-invasive central blood pressure assessment. For analysis, runners were divided by age into under or over 35 years (U35, O35).

Results

Injury and completion rates were similar among the groups; 138 runners (U35: n = 71, women 49%; O35: n = 67, women 51%) completed the race. On average, U35 were faster by 37 minutes (12%). Training induced a small increase in left ventricular mass in both groups (3 g/m2, P < 0.001), but U35 also increased ventricular cavity sizes (left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV)i +3%; left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV)i +8%; right ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV)i +4%; right ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV)i +5%; P < 0.01 for all). Systemic aortic compliance fell in the whole sample by 7% (P = 0.020) and, especially in O35, also systemic vascular resistance (–4% in the whole sample, P = 0.04) and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, whole sample: brachial –4/–3 mmHg, central –4/–2 mmHg, all P < 0.001; O35: brachial –6/–3 mmHg, central –6/–4 mmHg, all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Medium-term, unsupervised physical training in healthy sedentary individuals induces measurable remodelling of both heart and vasculature. This amount is age dependent, with predominant cardiac remodelling when younger and predominantly vascular remodelling when older.
Why do business losses cause conflict?
Authors: Lando Henrik
Published: June 2020

Evidence suggests that conflicts between contracting parties are more prone to occur when a party has suffered a significant loss. It is argued that the phenomenon is difficult to understand within conventional contract theory, which assumes full rationality, while behavioral theories based on the concepts of motivated reasoning and reciprocity provide interesting explanations. Thus, losses can trigger motivated, self-serving perceptions and beliefs, which in turn are likely to induce negative reciprocity as well as counter-productive acts aimed at bolstering self-image. These explanations are demonstrated to be well supported by experiments.
Genetic Underpinnings of Increased BMI and Its Association With Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Xian Hong , Boutwell Brian , Reynolds Chandra A. , Lew Daphne , Logue Mark , Gustavson Daniel E. , Kavish Nicholas , Panizzon Matthew S. , Tu Xin , Toomey Rosemary , Puckett Olivia K. , Elman Jeremy A. , Jacobson Kristen C. , Lyons Michael J. , Kremen William S. , Franz Carol E.
Published: June 2020

Objectives: First, we test for differences in various cognitive abilities across trajectories of body mass index (BMI) over the later life course. Second, we examine whether genetic risk factors for unhealthy BMIs—assessed via polygenic risk scores (PRS)—predict cognitive abilities in late-life. Methods: The study used a longitudinal sample of Vietnam veteran males to explore the associations between BMI trajectories, measured across four time points, and later cognitive abilities. The sample of 977 individuals was drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Cognitive abilities evaluated included executive function, abstract reasoning, episodic memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and visual spatial ability. Multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between BMI trajectories and cognitive abilities. Then, BMI PRS was added to the models to evaluate polygenic associations with cognitive abilities. Results: There were no significant differences in cognitive ability between any of the BMI trajectory groups. There was a significant inverse relationship between BMI-PRS and several cognitive ability measures. Discussion: While no associations emerged for BMI trajectories and cognitive abilities at the phenotypic levels, BMI PRS measures did correlate with key cognitive domains. Our results suggest possible polygenic linkages cutting across key components of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Repeated Simulation Experience on Self-Confidence, Critical Thinking, and Competence of Nurses and Nursing Students—An Integrative Review
Authors: Al Gharibi, MSN Koukab Abdullah , Arulappan, MSc(N), PhD, DNSc Judie
Published: June 2020

Background

Simulation is the most adopted teaching methodology in nursing education.

Objectives

This article investigated the outcome of repeated simulation experience on self-confidence, critical thinking, knowledge, competence, and satisfaction of nurses and nursing students.

Methods

The Scholarly literature published in English for the period of 2011 to 2019 was reviewed.

Results

Repeated simulation enhances students’ self-confidence, knowledge, competence, critical thinking, and satisfaction.

Conclusions

Repetitive simulation experience is valued by the nurse educators as a valuable teaching methodology to reinforce the student's learning outcomes.
A Penny on the Dollar: Racial Inequalities in Wealth among Households with Children
Authors: Percheski Christine , Gibson-Davis Christina
Published: June 2020

The dynamics of racial/ethnic wealth inequality among U.S. families with resident children (child households) have been understudied, a major oversight because of wealth’s impact on child development and intergenerational mobility. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2004–2016), the authors find that wealth gaps between black and white households are larger in, and have grown faster for, child households relative to the general population. In contrast, black-white income gaps for child households have remained largely unchanged. Wealth trends for black and Hispanic child households have diverged, and by 2016, Hispanic child households had more net worth than black child households. Between 2004 and 2016, home ownership rates and home equity levels for black child households decreased, while educational debt increased. In 2016, black child households had just one cent for every dollar held by non-Hispanic white child households. These findings depict the extreme wealth fragility of black child households.
Division of Housework, Communication, and Couples’ Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Carlson Daniel L. , Miller Amanda J. , Rudd Stephanie
Published: June 2020

The gendered division of housework is an important predictor of relationship satisfaction, but the mechanisms linking these variables remain poorly understood. Using data on N = 487 couples from the 2006 Marital and Relationship Survey, the authors examine the association of heterosexual partners’ communication quality with the division of housework and the role of partners’ communication quality in the association between the division of housework and relationship satisfaction. Results from instrumental variable models and Actor-Partner Interdependence Models indicate that the quality of women’s communication with their male partners predicts how couples divide housework. The quality of men’s communication with their female partners, however, appears to be an outcome of domestic arrangements. Men’s communication quality mediates the association between the division of housework and women’ relationship satisfaction, while women’s communication quality confounds the association for men.
Challenges to Advancing Evidence-Based Management in Organizations: Lessons From Moneyball
Authors: Cannon Mark , Doyle Corbette
Published: June 2020

Moneyball, the popular film adaptation of Michael Lewis’s book on baseball, provides an engaging vehicle for teaching evidence-based management and decision-making bias, two topics that students without prior work experience may struggle to grasp. This article provides clip-by-clip examples of probing questions that can be used to foster a robust in-class discussion of both topics. While many students may have watched the movie in its entirety, the recommended clips have served as an effective teaching tool for students with no prior knowledge of the movie.
Parents’ Views on Silver Diamine Fluoride to Manage Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Kyoon-Achan G. , Schroth R.J. , Martin H. , Bertone M. , Mittermuller B.A. , Sihra R. , Klus B. , Singh S. , Moffatt M.E.K.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a nonsurgical caries management product is growing. Evidence suggests that SDF is very successful in arresting caries. However, a common concern with SDF treatment is the unaesthetic black staining. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine parents’ views following their children’s treatment with SDF to manage severe early childhood caries (ECC).

Method:

Parents were interviewed as part of a mixed-method study of SDF to arrest severe ECC. Children with caries lesions in primary teeth were treated with 2 applications of 38% SDF, followed by fluoride varnish. Semistructured in-person and phone interviews were conducted with 19 parents of children in the study. Data were transcribed verbatim and manually coded and uploaded to NVivo 12 for further coding analysis.

Results:

None of the parents had previously heard about SDF, and they learned about it from the study dentist. Although parents trusted the dentist’s information on SDF, they welcomed additional evidence, especially relating to product safety and effectiveness. Some parents were minimally concerned with the black staining caused by SDF treatment. It was more important that SDF arrested caries progression, minimized pain and sensitivity, and prevented dental infection. However, some parents expressed concerns related to the unaesthetic black staining. Interestingly, many parents indicated that their children were not overly concerned with the black staining. A majority of parents said that they would recommend the treatment to others.

Conclusion:

This is the first qualitative study involving parents of children who were treated with SDF. Most parents were accepting of SDF as a nonsurgical treatment to arrest caries and minimize dentinal sensitivity secondary to caries, although some expressed concern about the black staining in anterior teeth. It is important to adequately inform parents of the negative aesthetic consequences and obtain informed consent before treatment.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

This qualitative study revealed that many parents of children with severe ECC are accepting of SDF as a nonrestorative caries management option, despite the black staining of caries lesions. Dental professionals need to be aware of these parental concerns and obtain written informed consent prior to treatment. Parents also requested more information and resources on SDF on its benefits, effectiveness, and any associated risks.
Stickiness: An Unspoken Chapter in the Gig World
Authors: S. V. Mamatha
Published: June 2020

Gig economy is very attractive due to its alluring factors of flexibility, control work–life balance and entrepreneurial activities, but is it enough to bring them back to the same platform companies. Stickiness and gig economy are opposites as stickiness defies the core principle of gig economy, which is temporariness. But stickiness needs focus as more gig workers are dependent on it as a steady source of primary income. Companies also look at them for getting highly skilled workers at lower costs. This article delves into the factors which bring repeat business from the same gig worker to the platform company.
Antimicrobial Therapy in Septic Shock Is Conservative During Resuscitation and Maintenance Phases
Authors: Hsu Grace , Gonzales Jeffrey P. , Seung Hyunuk , Heavner Mojdeh S. , Jean Wisna , Shah Nirav G.
Published: June 2020

Background: Maximal dosing of early antimicrobials with high loading and maintenance doses may optimize pharmacokinetic parameters to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection in septic shock. Little is known about the current practice of early antimicrobial dosing in septic shock. Objective: To characterize early antimicrobial dosing in patients in the resuscitation phase of septic shock. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) with septic shock. The primary outcome was the percentage of early antibiotic orders that were maximal or conservative during the resuscitation (0 to 48 hours) phase based on predefined dosing criteria. The secondary outcomes were the correlations of different dosing strategies on hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and hospital mortality. Results: This study evaluated 161 patients and 692 antibiotic orders; 504 (72.8%) of the orders during the resuscitation phase were conservative. There were no differences in mortality (odds ratio = 0.66; 95% confidence interval = 0.35-1.25; P = .20), hospital LOS (median = 20 [interquartile range (IQR) = 10-34] vs 19 [IQR = 11-32] days; P = .93), or ICU LOS (median = 8 [IQR = 5-16] vs 9 [IQR = 5-15] days; P = .63) between maximal and conservative dosing groups, respectively, in the resuscitation phase. Limitations of this study included the use of institution-specific antimicrobial dosing guidelines and its retrospective nature. Conclusions: Early antibiotic dosing is conservative for a majority of patients in septic shock. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of dosing strategy on patient-centered outcomes in septic shock.
Research to Resource: Evidence-Based Strategies for Improving Wind Intonation
Authors: Springer D. Gregory
Published: June 2020

Intonation is one of the most challenging performance elements for developing wind instrumentalists. There is a need to provide in-service band directors with evidence-based instructional strategies that can be used when teaching their students to perform with accurate intonation. The purposes of this research-to-resource article are to provide band directors with a concise summary of selected research focused on wind instrument intonation, and to provide instructional recommendations based on those research findings that can be used in ensemble rehearsals. Recommendations on full-ensemble tuning strategies, vocalization, tuner usage, and timbral instructions are provided.
A Horseshoe Kidney With Solid Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Thoma Shannon , Hogan Amanda
Published: June 2020

Sonography can be used to detect horseshoe kidneys. Sonographic findings for horseshoe kidney commonly include an isthmus connection occurring anterior to the aorta and just inferior to the inferior mesenteric artery. This anomaly can occur with or without complications. Each kidney is associated with its separate collecting system, leading to increased risk for complications. This case study describes the importance of identifying a horseshoe kidney, isthmus, and blood supply to ensure prompt intervention if needed. A case report of a horseshoe kidney with a solid mass, in the isthmus, is provided.
A multicenter phase 1 study of nivolumab for relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Davids Matthew S. , Kim Haesook T. , Costello Caitlin , Herrera Alex F. , Locke Frederick L. , Maegawa Rodrigo O. , Savell Alexandra , Mazzeo Michael , Anderson Adrienne , Boardman Alexander P. , Weber Augustine , Avigan David , Chen Yi-Bin , Nikiforow Sarah , Ho Vincent T. , Cutler Corey , Alyea Edwin P. , Bachireddy Pavan , Wu Catherine J. , Ritz Jerome , Streicher Howard , Ball Edward D. , Bashey Asad , Soiffer Robert J. , Armand Philippe
Published: June 2020

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 blockade may potentially augment graft-vs-tumor effects following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), but retrospective studies of anti–PD-1 therapy reported substantial toxicity from graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Here, we report the results of a prospective clinical trial of PD-1 blockade for relapsed hematologic malignancies (HMs) after alloHCT (NCT01822509). The primary objective in this phase 1 multicenter, investigator-initiated study was to determine maximum tolerated dose and safety. Secondary objectives were to assess efficacy and immunologic activity. Patients with relapsed HMs following alloHCT were eligible. Nivolumab was administered every 2 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity, starting with a 1-mg/kg cohort, with planned deescalation based on toxicity to a 0.5-mg/kg cohort. Twenty-eight patients were treated (n = 19 myeloid, n = 9 lymphoid). Median age was 57 years (range 27-76), and median time from alloHCT to enrollment was 21 months (range 5.6-108.5). Two of 6 patients treated at 1 mg/kg experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) from immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Twenty-two patients were treated at 0.5 mg/kg, and 4 DLTs occurred, including 2 irAEs and 2 with fatal GVHD. The overall response rate in efficacy-evaluable patients was 32% (8/25). With a median follow-up of 11 months, the 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 23% and 56%, respectively. In this first prospective clinical trial of an anti–PD-1 antibody for post–alloHCT relapse, GVHD and irAEs occurred, requiring dose deescalation, with only modest antitumor activity. Further studies of anti–PD-1 therapy post–alloHCT may require specific toxicity mitigation strategies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT 01822509.
Estimates of the ongoing need for social distancing and control measures post-“lockdown” from trajectories of COVID-19 cases and mortality
Authors: Lonergan Mike , Chalmers James D.
Published: June 2020

By 21 May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused more than 5 million cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) across more than 200 countries. Most countries with significant outbreaks have introduced social distancing or “lockdown” measures to reduce viral transmission. So the key question now is when, how and to what extent these measures can be lifted.

Publicly available data on daily numbers of newly confirmed cases and mortality were used to fit regression models estimating trajectories, doubling times and the reproduction number (R0) of the disease, before and under the control measures. These data ran up to 21 May 2020, and were sufficient for analysis in 89 countries.

The estimates of R0before lockdown based on these data were broadly consistent with those previously published: between 2.0 and 3.7 in the countries with the largest number of cases available for analysis (USA, Italy, Spain, France and UK). There was little evidence to suggest that the restrictions had reduced R far below 1 in many places, with France having the most rapid reductions: R00.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.82) based on cases, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.80) based on mortality.

Intermittent lockdown has been proposed as a means of controlling the outbreak while allowing periods of increased freedom and economic activity. These data suggest that few countries could have even 1 week per month unrestricted without seeing resurgence of the epidemic. Similarly, restoring 20% of the activity that has been prevented by the lockdowns looks difficult to reconcile with preventing the resurgence of the disease in most countries.
Co-methylation analysis in lung tissue identifies pathways for fetal origins of COPD
Authors: Kachroo Priyadarshini , Morrow Jarrett D. , Kho Alvin T. , Vyhlidal Carrie A. , Silverman Edwin K. , Weiss Scott T. , Tantisira Kelan G. , DeMeo Dawn L.
Published: June 2020

COPD likely has developmental origins; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully identified. Investigation of lung tissue-specific epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation using network approaches might facilitate insights linkingin uterosmoke (IUS) exposure and risk for COPD in adulthood.

We performed genome-wide methylation profiling for adult lung DNA from 160 surgical samples and 78 fetal lung DNA samples isolated from discarded tissue at 8–18 weeks of gestation. Co-methylation networks were constructed to identify preserved modules that shared methylation patterns in fetal and adult lung tissues and associations with fetal IUS exposure, gestational age and COPD.

Weighted correlation networks highlighted preserved and co-methylated modules for both fetal and adult lung data associated with fetal IUS exposure, COPD and lower adult lung function. These modules were significantly enriched for genes involved in embryonic organ development and specific inflammation-related pathways, including Hippo, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-β signalling. Gestational age-associated modules were remarkably preserved for COPD and lung function, and were also annotated to genes enriched for the Wnt and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Epigenetic network perturbations in fetal lung tissue exposed to IUS and of early lung development recapitulated in adult lung tissue from ex-smokers with COPD. Overlapping fetal and adult lung tissue network modules highlighted putative disease pathways supportive of exposure-related and age-associated developmental origins of COPD.