bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reactions with Bioinspired Mononuclear Non‐Heme Metal‐Oxo Complexes
Authors: Engelmann Xenia , Monte‐Perez Ines , Ray Kallol
Published: August 2016

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Breaking and Mending of Meso‐Tetraarylporphyrins: Transmuting the Pyrrolic Building Blocks
Authors: Bruckner Christian
Published: August 2016

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthetic Strategies for the Preparation of Purine Derivatives
Authors: Krajcovicova Sona , Soural Miroslav
Published: August 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Raja Karuppusamy , Schweizer Ulrich , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: August 2016

Review: [200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polypharmacology in Drug Development: A Minireview of Current Technologies
Authors: Tan Zhi , Chaudhai Rajan , Zhang Shuxing
Published: August 2016

Review: in bio‐ and chemoinformatics; 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Responsive Nanostructures with Tunable Optical Properties
Authors: Wang Mingsheng , Yin Yadong
Published: August 2016

Review: 52 refs.
Evaluation of Substituted 1,2,3‐Dithiazoles as Inhibitors of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Nucleocapsid Protein via a Proposed Zinc Ejection Mechanism
Authors: Asquith Christopher R. M. , Konstantinova Lidia S. , Laitinen Tuomo , Meli Marina L. , Poso Antti , Rakitin Oleg A. , Hofmann‐Lehmann Regina , Hilton Stephen T.
Published: August 2016

A diverse library of 5‐thieno‐, 5‐oxo‐, and 5‐imino‐1,2,3‐dithiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for efficacy against the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV in cells. Several diverse compounds from this series displayed nanomolar activity and low toxicity, representing a potential new class of compounds for the treatment of FIV and HIV.
Gap junction proteins and the wiring (Rewiring) of neuronal circuits
Authors: Baker Michael W. , Macagno Eduardo R.
Published: August 2016

The unique morphology and pattern of synaptic connections made by a neuron during development arise in part by an extended period of growth in which cell–cell interactions help to sculpt the arbor into its final shape, size, and participation in different synaptic networks. Recent experiments highlight a guiding role played by gap junction proteins in controlling this process. Ectopic and overexpression studies in invertebrates have revealed that the selective expression of distinct gap junction genes in neurons and glial cells is sufficient to establish selective new connections in the central nervous systems of the leech (Firme et al. [2012]: J Neurosci 32:14265–14270), the nematode (Rabinowitch et al. [2014]: Nat Commun 5:4442), and the fruit fly (Pézier et al., 2016: PLoS One 11:e0152211). We present here an overview of this work and suggest that gap junction proteins, in addition to their synaptic/communicative functions, have an instructive role as recognition and adhesion factors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 575–586, 2017
Vanadium Complexes Derived from Acetyl Pyrazolone and Hydrazides: Structure, Reactivity, Peroxidase Mimicry and Efficient Catalytic Activity for the Oxidation of 1‐Phenylethanol
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Sarkar Bithika , Avecilla Fernando , Correia Isabel
Published: August 2016

Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of acetylpyrazolone (H2ap) with benzoyl hydrazide (bhz), furoyl hydrazide (fah), nicotinoyl hydrazide (nah) and isonicotinoyl hydrazide (inh) [H2ap‐bhz (I), H2ap‐fah (II) H2ap‐nah, (III) and H2ap‐inh (IV)], sharing a ONO donor set, upon reaction with [VIVO(acac)2] lead to the formation of [VIVO(ap‐bhz)(H2O)] (1), [VIVO(ap‐fah)(H2O)] (2), [VIVO(ap‐nah)(H2O)] (3) and [VIVO(ap‐inh)(H2O)] (4), respectively. These complexes slowly convert to monooxidovanadium(V) complexes [VVO(ap‐bhz)(OMe)(MeOH)] (11), [VVO(ap‐fah)(OMe)(MeOH)] (12), [VVO(ap‐nah)(OMe)(MeOH)] (13) and [VVO(ap‐inh)(OMe)(MeOH)] (14) in methanol. The reaction of aqueous K[H2VVO4] with the corresponding potassium salt of the ligands at neutral pH gives dioxidovanadium(V) complexes, K(H2O)[VVO2(ap‐bhz)] (5), K(H2O)0.5[VVO2(ap‐fah)] (6), [VVO2(Hap‐nah)] (9) and [VVO2(Hap‐nah)] (10). Acidification of solutions of 5 and 6 affords the neutral complexes [VVO2(Hap‐bhz)] (7) and [VVO2(Hap‐fah)] (8), respectively. All complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques: FT‐IR, UV/Visible, EPR, NMR (1H, 13C and 51V); elemental analysis, thermal studies, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. X‐ray diffraction studies of complexes 6, 7, 9–12 confirm the ligand's coordination to the metal centre through enolic oxygen (of pyrazolone), azomethine nitrogen and enolic oxygen (hydrazide) atoms. The reactivity of the complexes and their catalytic potential was screened towards their peroxidase mimetic activity in the oxidation of pyragallol in aqueous media with H2O2 as oxidant, showing high activity under mild conditions. They were also tested in the catalytic oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol with H2O2 that yields acetophenone as main product. Parameters such as catalyst and oxidant amount, time, temperature, and solvent effects were optimised for maximum oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol. The complexes show excellent catalytic activity towards oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol being structural and functional models of the vanadate‐dependent haloperoxidases.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Ferrocene‐ or Cymantrene‐Fused Planar‐Chiral Phospholes
Authors: Hu Hao , Wu Wei‐Yi , Takahashi Tamotsu , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Ogasawara Masamichi
Published: August 2016

Planar‐chiral ferrocene‐fused phosphole (S)‐1a was prepared in an enantiomerically pure form by enantioselective transformation. The synthesis was started with Kagan's chiral ferrocenyl acetal (–)‐2a, and bromo and (Z)‐2‐bromovinyl substituents were introduced at the 1‐ and 2‐positions of the ferrocene platform in (S)‐6a with controlling its planar chirality. The double Li/Br exchange on (S)‐6a followed by the reaction with PhPBr2 provided (S)‐1a in excellent yield. The structure of (S)‐1a was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Planar‐chiral cymantrene‐fused phosphole (S)‐1b was also prepared by an analogous asymmetric transformation starting with Jaouen's chiral cymantrenyl acetal (+)‐2b.
Prediction of response to tapentadol in chronic low back pain
Authors: Reimer M. , Hüllemann P. , Hukauf M. , Keller T. , Binder A. , Gierthmühlen J. , Baron R.
Published: August 2016

Background

Many chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients do not satisfactorily respond to treatment. The knowledge of responders and non‐responders before initiating treatment would improve decision making and reduce health care costs. The aims of this exploratory prediction study in cLBP patients treated with tapentadol were to identify predictors of treatment outcome based on baseline characteristics, to evaluate quality‐of‐life and functionality as alternative outcome parameters and to develop nomograms to calculate the individual probability of response.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of an open‐label phase 3b trial, 46 baseline characteristics were included into statistical prediction modelling. One hundred and twenty‐one patients were followed up during the titration and treatment period and 67 patients were analysed who discontinued the trial.

Results

Demographic data were not relevant for response prediction. Nine baseline co‐variables were robust: painDETECT score, intensity of burning and painful attacks, SF36 Health Survey score (MCS, PCS), EuroQol‐5, Hospital Anxiety/Depression Scale. Gender had a minor influence. Alternative outcomes (quality‐of‐life, functionality) were more important for response prediction than conventional pain intensity measures. Neuropathic symptoms (high painDETECT score) had a positive predictive validity. Painful attacks and classical yellow flags (depression, anxiety) negatively influenced the treatment response. High depression scores, female gender and low burning predicted discontinuation during titration.

Conclusion

In this exploratory study, predictive baseline characteristics have been identified that can be used to calculate the individual probability of tapentadol response in cLBP. The small sample size in relation to the number of initial variables is a limitation of this approach.

Significance

Predictors for treatment response of tapentadol were identified in patients with chronic low back pain based on clinical pre‐treatment characteristics that can guide personalized treatment. Quality‐of‐life and functionality were the most relevant outcomes for response prediction.
Brief Group Intervention Targeting Perfectionism in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: Empirically Informed Protocol
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Larsson Eva , Adamson James
Published: August 2016

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the perfectionism group intervention in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) in an inpatient setting.

Method

Adults with AN (N = 35) received six weekly sessions of the empirically informed intervention with experiential exercises. Participants' self‐reported perfectionism and satisfaction were collected pre‐group and post‐group intervention.

Results

Statistically, significant differences were observed for overall perfectionism, concern over mistakes and personal standard dimensions of perfectionism. Participants found the sessions useful and felt confident in using the skills they had learnt.

Conclusions

The revised perfectionism group with experiential exercises seemed to be a practical and helpful intervention for patients with AN in an inpatient programme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: Description and recommendations
Authors: Eickhoff Simon B. , Laird Angela R. , Fox P. Mickle , Lancaster Jack L. , Fox Peter T.
Published: August 2016

Neuroscience imaging is a burgeoning, highly sophisticated field the growth of which has been fostered by grant‐funded, freely distributed software libraries that perform voxel‐wise analyses in anatomically standardized three‐dimensional space on multi‐subject, whole‐brain, primary datasets. Despite the ongoing advances made using these non‐commercial computational tools, the replicability of individual studies is an acknowledged limitation. Coordinate‐based meta‐analysis offers a practical solution to this limitation and, consequently, plays an important role in filtering and consolidating the enormous corpus of functional and structural neuroimaging results reported in the peer‐reviewed literature. In both primary data and meta‐analytic neuroimaging analyses, correction for multiple comparisons is a complex but critical step for ensuring statistical rigor. Reports of errors in multiple‐comparison corrections in primary‐data analyses have recently appeared. Here, we report two such errors in GingerALE, a widely used, US National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded, freely distributed software package for coordinate‐based meta‐analysis. These errors have given rise to published reports with more liberal statistical inferences than were specified by the authors. The intent of this technical report is threefold. First, we inform authors who used GingerALE of these errors so that they can take appropriate actions including re‐analyses and corrective publications. Second, we seek to exemplify and promote an open approach to error management. Third, we discuss the implications of these and similar errors in a scientific environment dependent on third‐party software. Hum Brain Mapp 38:7–11, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teacher Quality and Student Achievement: Evidence from a Sample of Dutch Twins
Authors: Gerritsen Sander , Plug Erik , Webbink Dinand
Published: August 2016

This paper examines the causal link that runs from classroom quality to student achievement using data on twin pairs who entered the same school but were allocated to different classrooms in an exogenous way. In particular, we apply twin fixed‐effects estimation to assess the effect of teacher quality on student test scores from second through eighth grade of primary education, arguing that a change in teacher quality is probably the most important classroom intervention within a twin context. In a series of estimations using measurable teacher characteristics, we find that (a) the test performance of all students improves with teacher experience; (b) teacher experience also matters for student performance after the initial years in the profession; (c) the teacher experience effect is most prominent in earlier grades; (d) the teacher experience effects are robust to the inclusion of other classroom quality measures, such as peer group composition and class size; and (e) an increase in teacher experience also matters for career stages with less labor market mobility, which suggests positive returns to on‐the‐job learning of teachers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive colonization of prosthetic surfaces bystaphylococcus aureusand human cells
Authors: Pérez‐Tanoira Ramón , Han Xia , Soininen Antti , Aarnisalo Antti A. , Tiainen Veli‐Matti , Eklund Kari K. , Esteban Jaime , Kinnari Teemu J.
Published: August 2016

Implantation of a biomaterial provides an adhesion substratum both to host cell integration and to contaminating bacteria. We studied simultaneous competitive adhesion ofStaphylococcus aureusin serial 1:10 dilutions of 108colony forming units (CFU)/mL and human osteogenic sarcoma (SaOS‐2) or primary osteoblast (hOB) cells, both 1x105cells/mL, to the surfaces of titanium, polydimethylsiloxane and polystyrene. The bacterial adherence and human cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied using fluorometric (fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry) and colorimetric methods (MTT, LDH and crystal violet). The bacterial cell viability was also evaluated using the drop plate method. The presence of bacteria resulted in reduced adherence of human cells to the surface of the biomaterials, increased production of ROS, and into increased apoptosis. On the other hand, the presence of either type of human cells was associated with a reduction of bacterial colonization of the biomaterial withStaphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that increasing colonization of the biomaterial surface in vitro by one negatively affects colonization by the other. Host cell integration to an implant surface reduces bacterial contamination, which opens novel opportunities for the design of infection‐resistant biomaterials in current implantology and future regenerative medicine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 62–72, 2017.
MAP Kinase‐Dependent RUNX2 Phosphorylation Is Necessary for Epigenetic Modification of Chromatin During Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Li Yan , Ge Chunxi , Franceschi Renny T.
Published: August 2016

RUNX2, an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is activated by ERK/MAP kinase‐dependent phosphorylation. However, relationship between these early events and specific epigenetic modifications of chromatin during osteoblast differentiation have not been previously examined. Here, we explore these relationships using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to detect chromatin modifications in RUNX2‐binding regions of Bglap2 and Ibsp. Growth of MC3T3‐E1c4 preosteoblast cells in differentiation conditions rapidly induced Bglap2 and lbsp mRNAs. For both genes, osteogenic stimulation increased chromatin‐bound P‐ERK, P‐RUNX2, p300, and RNA polymerase II as well as histone H3K9 and H4K5 acetylation. The level of H3K4 di‐methylation, another gene activation‐associated histone mark, also increased. In contrast, levels of the gene repressive marks, H3K9 mono‐, di‐, and tri‐methylation in the same regions were reduced. Inhibition of MAP kinase signaling blocked differentiation‐dependent chromatin modifications and Bglap2 and Ibsp expression. To evaluate the role of RUNX2 phosphorylation in these responses, RUNX2‐deficient C3H10T1/2 cells were transduced with adenovirus encoding wild type or phosphorylation site mutant RUNX2 (RUNX2 S301A/S319A). Wild type RUNX2, but not the non‐phosphorylated mutant, increased H3K9 and H4K5 acetylation as well as chromatin‐associated P‐ERK, p300, and polymerase II. Thus, RUNX2 phosphorylation is necessary for subsequent epigenetic changes required for osteoblast gene expression. Taken together, this study reveals a molecular mechanism through which osteogenic genes are controlled by a MAPK and P‐RUNX2‐dependent process involving epigenetic modifications of specific promoter regions. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2427–2435, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability and trends in the Southern Hemisphere high latitude, quasi‐stationary planetary waves
Authors: Turner John , Hosking J. Scott , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Phillips Tony , Marshall Gareth J.
Published: August 2016

We investigate variability and trends of the Southern Hemisphere quasi‐stationary planetary waves over 1979–2013 using the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim reanalyses. The effects of tropical and extra‐tropical forcing factors on the phase and amplitude of the planetary waves are identified. The amplitudes of wave numbers 1–3 exhibit an annual cycle with a minimum in summer and maximum over the extended austral winter period. The phase of wave number 1 has a semi‐annual cycle, moving east in austral spring/autumn and west in summer/winter as a result of differences in the phase of the semi‐annual oscillation across the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The phase of wave number 3 has an annual cycle, being more eastward (westward) in summer (winter). Year‐to‐year variability of the amplitude of wave number 1 is found to be strongly associated with the Amundsen Sea Low, which in turn is known to be strongly influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, with the consequence that the amplitude of wave number 1 is larger during the El Niño phase of the cycle. Regarding trends for the year as a whole, the amplitude of wave number 1 has decreased since 1979 (p < 0.1), while the amplitudes of wave numbers 2 and 3 have increased. These changes are consistent with the warming trends in sea surface temperatures across much of the tropical oceans. However, the factors associated with longer‐term trends are less clear than for year‐to‐year variability.
Screen‐based color vision test for digital quantification of deutan color defects using a color‐calibrated monitor
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Chen , Chen Hung‐Shing , Luo Ronnier
Published: August 2016

Display technologies are used in various industries. However, few studies on color vision testing using self‐luminous displays are reported. In this study, a screen‐based color vision test, termed the digital color vision test (DCVT), is developed on a color‐calibrated monitor. A control bar is adjusted by the observer to build just noticeable chromatic difference ellipses in CIE u′v′ chromaticity diagram, which indicate the capabilities of subjects' color visions. Ten color‐normal observers and 13 deutan observers participated in the psychophysical experiments. The observers also performed the other two typical diagnostic tests (D‐15 and anomaloscope). Results from the experiment using the adjustment psychophysical method for digital quantification of deutan color vision defects are presented. It is found that the diagnosis accuracy of the DCVT is approximately equivalent to those of D‐15 and anomaloscope tests.
Numerical modeling of tsunamis and tsunami vulnerability analysis for Heraklion, Crete
Authors: Flouri Evangelia T. , Dougalis Vassilios A. , Synolakis Costas E.
Published: August 2016

Tsunamis are rare events compared with other extreme natural hazards, but the growth of population along coastlines has increased their potential impact. Tsunamis are most often generated by earthquake‐induced dislocations of the seafloor, which displace large water masses. They can be simulated effectively as long waves whose propagation is modeled by the nonlinear shallow water equations. In this note, we present a brief assessment of earthquake‐generated tsunami hazards for the city of Heraklion, Crete. We employ numerical hydrodynamic simulations, including inundation computations with the model MOST, and use high‐resolution bathymetry and topography data for the area of interest. MOST implements a splitting method in space to reduce the system of shallow water equations in two successive systems, one for each spatial variable, and it uses a dispersive, Godunov‐type finite difference method to solve the equations in characteristic form. We perform probabilistic analysis to assess the effects of the earthquake epicenter location on the tsunami, for time windows of 100, 500, and 1000years. The tsunami hazard is assessed through computed values of the maximum inundation range and maximum flow depth. Finally, we present a brief vulnerability analysis for the city of Heraklion, Crete. The data needed to identify tsunami‐vulnerable areas are obtained by combining remote sensing techniques and geographic information system technology with surveyed observations and estimates of population data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing electrical impedance myography of the tongue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mcilduff Courtney E. , Yim Sung J. , Pacheck Adam K. , Rutkove Seward B.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Electrical impedance myography (EIM) can quantify muscle health at a range of frequencies, including that most commonly employed, 50 kHz. However, disease‐related changes in EIM data suggest the distinction between normal and patient EIM values could be more apparent at frequencies of >50 kHz. We investigated at what other selected frequencies tongue EIM may differentiate healthy individuals and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, remain reliable, and correlate with a standard metric of bulbar function. Methods: Tongue EIM phase data from 30 volunteers and 11 ALS patients were analyzed at 6 discrete frequencies from 50 to 500 kHz. Results: Of the frequencies assessed, EIM demonstrated maximal separation and reliability at 100 kHz, where phase value was also significantly correlated with the bulbar subscore on the revised version of the ALS Functional Rating Scale. Conclusions: One hundred kilohertz could serve as an optimal frequency at which to measure EIM phase values of the tongue in ALS. Muscle Nerve 55: 539–543, 2017
Development and characterization of expanded graphite filled‐PET/PVDF blend: thermodynamic and kinetic effects
Authors: Nudman D. , Weizman O. , Amir E. , Ophir A.
Published: August 2016

Expanded graphite (EG) filled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blend composites were prepared via melt blending by applying different mixing protocols: either premixing EG in the PET phase, premixing EG in the PVDF phase, or simultaneous mixing of the components. The blends were characterized for their thermal, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties as well as microstructure analysis. The mixing protocol had a substantial effect on the electrical resistivity of the composites. When EG was premixed within PET phase, the blend exhibited a well‐defined co‐continuous structure which was characterized by a three orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity relative to the simultaneous mixing procedure. The improvement in the electrical properties of the blend can be attributed to the double percolation effect. Morphology analysis showed that EG was selectively confined and dispersed in the PET continuous phase of the blend. Melt rheological behavior of the composites made evidence of preferable interactions between EG and PET molecules as well as effective filler dispersion, whereas EG practically did not interact with PVDF molecules. Morphology analysis showed good correlation with the electrical and rheological properties of the blend and revealed that EG was selectively confined and dispersed in the PET continuous phase of the blend. It can be deduced that both thermodynamic and kinetic drives encourage the selective localization of EG filler in PET phase. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysregulated Wnt signalling and recurrent mutations of the tumour suppressor RNF43 in early gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Min Byung‐Hoon , Hwang Jinha , Kim Nayoung KD , Park Gibeom , Kang So Young , Ahn Sangjeong , Ahn Soomin , Ha Sang Yun , Lee Yun Kyung , Kushima Ryoji , Van Vrancken Michael , Kim Min Jung , Park Changho , Park Ha Young , Chae Jeesoo , Jang Se Song , Kim Sung Jin , Kim Young‐Ho , Kim Jong‐Il , Kim Kyoung‐Mee
Published: August 2016

Several recurrent mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in advanced gastric cancer, but the genetic alterations associated with early gastric carcinogenesis and malignant transformation remain unclear. We investigated the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of adenomas with low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), and intestinal‐type early gastric cancer (EGC). The results were validated in an independent cohort that included EGCs directly adjacent to adenoma (EGC‐adenomas) that were in the process of malignant transformation, and de novo EGCs that do not seem to have been derived from adenoma. The expression patterns clearly divided into normal, LGD, and EGC, whereas those of HGD overlapped with LGD or EGC. These results suggest that HGD is the critical stage determining malignant transformation. We found that genes related to focal adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathways were upregulated as LGD progressed to EGC, whereas canonical Wnt signalling and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway genes were downregulated in EGC. Genomic alterations such as somatic mutation, gene fusion and copy number variation increased gradually from LGD to EGC. APC mutations were present in 67% of LGDs, 58% of HGDs, and 18% of EGCs. RNF43 mutations were present only in HGD and EGC, and TP53 mutations were present only in EGC. In a validation cohort, RNF43 mutations were present in 35.2% of EGC‐adenomas, but in only 8.6% of de novo EGCs. This is the first study to investigate the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of multistep gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated important alterations and their related pathways in each step as tumours progressed from LGD to HGD and eventually to EGC. We suggest that mutations and downregulation of RNF43 may play a critical role in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. Given these findings and Wnt dependency in tumours with RNF43 mutation, intestinal‐type gastric cancer or adenoma with RNF43 mutation might represent a promising indication for Wnt‐targeted agents. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Rho–ROCK pathway as a new pathological mechanism of innate immune subversion in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Basbous Sara , Levescot Anaïs , Piccirilli Nathalie , Brizard Françoise , Guilhot François , Roy Lydia , Bourmeyster Nicolas , Gombert Jean‐Marc , Herbelin André
Published: August 2016

CD1d‐restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are believed to play a key role in cancer immune surveillance, and are functionally deficient in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Herein, we have hypothesized that this defect might originate from BCR‐ABL‐dependent dysfunctions in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). Indeed, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed that cell surface expression of CD1d was downregulated in CML mDCs, relative to healthy donor (HD) controls. The decreased cell surface display of CD1d could not be ascribed to defective mDC differentiation, as attested by normal expression of HLA‐DR and the CD86 maturation marker. On the other hand, reduced membrane expression was not associated with decreased intracytoplasmic levels of CD1d or its mRNA transcripts, consistent with intracellular retention. In vitro treatment of CML mDCs with the Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y‐27632 partially restored both cell surface CD1d expression and CD1d‐mediated antigen presentation, whereas it had no effect on HD mDCs. An inhibitor of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase (TK), imatinib mesylate (IM), had no such activity. Similar recovery of CD1d expression occurred with fasudil, another ROCK inhibitor that is commonly used in clinical trials. Our data support the conclusion that BCR‐ABL‐dependent ROCK, but not TK, is involved in CD1d downregulation. We propose that ROCK, which is most likely activated by the DH/PH domain of BCR‐ABL, mediates iNKT‐cell immune subversion in CML patients by downregulating CD1d expression on CML mDCs. Our study reveals the ROCK–mDC axis as a new potential target to restore immune surveillance in patients with CML, offering new therapeutic perspectives for CML treatment. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4,6‐Barbaralanedicarboxy‐2,8‐dicarboxylic anhydride and 1,5‐dimethyl‐4,6‐semibullvalenedicarboxy‐2,8‐dicarboxylic anhydride: examples of unusual barbaralanes and semibullvalenes that do not undergo the Cope rearrangement. They are locked as the closed tautomers
Authors: Williams Richard Vaughan , Aring Andrew J. , Bonifacio Margel C. , Blumenfeld Alexander
Published: August 2016

Barbaralanes and semibullvalenes are generally fluxional molecules renowned for their exceedingly low Cope rearrangement activation barriers and their close approach to homoaromaticity. The title compounds are unusual in that they do not undergo the Cope rearrangement and are locked as a single tautomer with no evidence whatsoever for the existence of the other “open” tautomer. This total lack of the Cope rearrangement was demonstrated through variable‐temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnolol Enhances Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Exerts Antidepressant‐Like Effects in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice
Authors: Matsui Nobuaki , Akae Haruka , Hirashima Nana , Kido Yuki , Tanabe Satoshi , Koseki Mayumi , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Akagi Masaaki
Published: August 2016

Magnolol is the main constituent of Magnolia bark and has been reported to exhibit antidepressant effects in rodent models. Hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophins such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor are integrally involved in the action of conventional antidepressants. Here, we investigated the effects of magnolol on depressive behaviours, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophin‐related signal transduction in an olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) mouse model of depression. Mice were submitted to OBX to induce depressive behaviour, which was evaluated in the tail suspension test. Magnolol was administered orally by gavage needle. Neurogenesis was assessed by analysis of cells expressing NeuN, a neuronal marker, and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake. Phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein were evaluated by Western blot. Fourteen day treatment with magnolol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) significantly improved OBX‐induced depressive behaviour in tail suspension test. In agreement, magnolol significantly rescued impairments of hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, single treatments with magnolol (50 mg/kg) significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein after 3 h. The present data indicate that magnolol exerts antidepressant‐like effects on behaviours by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophin‐related intracellular signalling in OBX mice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global disturbance rejection for nonlinear lower triangular systems with iISS inverse dynamics and uncertain exosystem
Authors: Guo Meichen , Liu Lu , Feng Gary
Published: August 2016

This paper concerns about the global disturbance rejection problem for uncertain nonlinear lower triangular systems with integral input‐to‐state stable (iISS) inverse dynamics and an uncertain exosystem. The main challenges addressed in this paper include uncertain exosystem, unknown control direction, iISS inverse dynamics, and complex structure of lower triangular systems. Because of the presence of both uncertain exosystem and unknown control direction, simply combining the existing techniques for each of these challenges cannot solve the proposed problem. In fact, to handle the current case, appropriate new update laws for the estimators of the uncertain parameters are required, such that the estimators can be successfully integrated with the internal model principle. Furthermore, the changing supply function technique for iISS systems is utilized to deal with the iISS inverse dynamics. With the proposed controller, the closed‐loop system is globally asymptotically stable, and the disturbance is globally rejected. Two simulation examples are finally presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the practical relevance of our work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐ and Substituent–controlled Circularly Polarised Luminescence of C2‐symmetric Binaphthyl Fluorophores
Authors: Mizusawa Takaya , Sato Takuya , Kitayama Yoko , Tajima Nobuo , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane
Published: August 2016

Chiral organic fluorophores have recently received growing interest in the field of chiral photoluminescence. We examined chiral binaphthyl organic fluorophores bearing phenyl substituents, observing that they exhibited fluorescence properties in solution. The sign of circularly polarizsed luminescence (CPL) of binaphthyl fluorophores was controlled by changing the solvent from the weakly polar chloroform to the highly polar dimethylformamide or methanol. Moreover, the CPL behaviour was tailored by introducing phenyl substituents into the binaphthyl unit and by replacing hydroxyl moieties with ethoxy groups.
Personality Traits and Second Language Acquisition: The Influence of the Enneagram on Adult ESOL Students
Authors: Coker Crystal , Mihai Florin
Published: August 2016

In this qualitative study, researchers focused on providing explicit knowledge of personality traits via the Enneagram profile to a group of 10 adult advanced students of English for speakers of other languages. Through the Enneagram and two surveys, researchers gained insight into how students perceived the influence of their personality type on their second language (L2) learning experience in the United States. In this article, the researchers make recommendations about what could be done to incorporate the Enneagram personality profiles’ information into L2 instruction.
Evaluating the Pedagogic Value of Multi‐Word Expressions Based onEFLTeachers’ and Advanced Learners’ Value Judgments
Authors: Omidian Taha , Shahriari Hesamoddin , Ghonsooly Behzad
Published: August 2016

Multi‐word expressions play an important role in second language acquisition, comprehension, and production. Therefore, there is great need for a list of frequent, useful multi‐word expressions in language teaching classrooms. Despite multiple attempts at defining multi‐word sequences, researchers and teaching experts are divided over the nature and characteristics of these units and the possible pedagogic value of each type of multi‐word expression for particular teaching contexts. Various definitions have been provided based on different criteria used in extracting these phrases and expressions from a corpus. Considering the importance of identifying features that render a multi‐word expression useful to language teachers and learners, the present study elicited value judgments from experiencedEFLinstructors and advanced‐level learners regarding items in three notable lists that take into account different criteria and features of multi‐word sequences. The researchers asked 100 learners and instructors of English for academic purposes to rate a list of expressions based on how valuable they believed them to be in the teaching/learning process. The researchers also interviewed a number of the participants about the reasons underlying their preferences for particular expressions. The findings reveal a penchant for expressions with a clear form–function mapping and multi‐word expressions believed to pose difficulty for learning and teaching.
Comparison of distribution and toxicity of different types of zinc‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Jeong Uiseok , Yoon Cheolho , Kim Younghun
Published: August 2016

Zinc‐based nanoparticles (Zn‐NPs), mainly zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, have promising application in a wide area, but their potential harmful effects on environment and human health have been continuously raised together with their high dissolution rate. In this study, we coated the surface of ZnO NPs with phosphate (ZnP NPs) and sulfide (ZnS NPs) which have very low solubility in water, administered orally (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) to mice for 28 days, and then compared their biodistribution and toxicity. As expected, ZnO NPs were rapidly ionized in an artificial gastric fluid. On the other hand, ZnO NPs were more particlized in an artificial intestinal fluid than ZnP and ZnS NPs. After repeated dosing, all three types of Zn‐NPs the most distributed in the spleen and thymus and altered the level of redox reaction‐related metal ions in the tissues. We also found that three types of Zn‐NPs clearly disturb tissue ion homeostasis and influence immune regulation function. However, there were no remarkable difference in distribution and toxicity following repeated exposure of three types of Zn‐NPs, although Na+ and K+ level in the spleen and thymus were notably higher in mice exposed to ZnO NPs compared to ZnP and ZnS NPs. Taken together, we suggest that all three types of Zn‐NPs may influence human health by disrupting homeostasis of trace elements and ions in the tissues. In addition, the surface transformation of ZnO NPs with phosphate and sulfide may not attenuate toxicity due to the higher particlization rate of ZnO NPs in the intestine, at least in part. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1363–1374, 2017.
Managing wolves in the Yellowstone area: Balancing goals across jurisdictional boundaries
Authors: Smith Douglas W. , White P. J. , Stahler Daniel R. , Wydeven Adrian , Hallac David E.
Published: August 2016

Gray wolf (Canis lupus) restoration in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem began in 1995 with a small founder population in Yellowstone National Park, USA, which increased and contributed to a fully restored population in the northern Rocky Mountains by 2003. Upon removal as a federally listed, threatened species, wolf management outside the park was conveyed to Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming (USA) during 2009–2012; though wolves were relisted in Wyoming in 2014. Subsequent harvests elicited substantial negative reactions from wolf advocates when wolves that lived primarily in the park moved into surrounding states and were lawfully harvested. Conversely, many game managers and hunters advocated for larger harvests of wolves, including those in the park. These divergent viewpoints merit consideration when developing management plans for wolves that move between preserves and areas where hunting is permitted. We describe the history of wolf restoration and hunting in the ecosystem, contrast National Park Service and state management objectives, and characterize the risk to wolves living primarily in the park from hunting in surrounding areas. We recommend a framework for trans‐boundary wolf management that considers population, social structure, and ecosystem objectives on public lands, potential influences of harvests on population growth, depredation risks to livestock, and opportunities for hunters and wildlife watching. We also consider human attitudes and social norms, thereby allowing for differences in values in our prescriptions. This framework has been implemented in a key hunting area along the northern boundary of Yellowstone and is broadly applicable elsewhere for the management of wildlife species held in the public trust. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Fat Grafting with Tissue Liquefaction Technology as an Adjunct to Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Dolen Utku , Cohen Justin B. , Overschmidt Bo , Tenenbaum Marissa M. , Myckatyn Terence M.
Published: August 2016

Background

Tissue liquefaction technology (TLT) delivers warmed saline from the liposuction cannula tip at low pressure pulses to disaggregate adipocytes. This technology differs significantly from that used in other liposuction devices including water jet-assisted liposuction. Here we introduce our early experience with this technology in the setting of fat transfer for revision breast reconstruction.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 136 consecutive patients who underwent fat harvest with TLT and subsequent transfer into 237 breast reconstructions was conducted at a single institution. This two-surgeon series examined donor and recipient site complication rates over a median follow-up of 143 days [87–233].

Results

The overall complication rate was 28.7 %, of which the majority (22.1 %) was fat necrosis at the recipient site as documented by any clinical, imaging, or pathologic evidence. The abdomen served as the donor site for half of the cases. Donor site complications were limited to widespread ecchymosis of the donor site notable in 10.4 % of cases. Twenty-five percent of patients had received postmastectomy radiotherapy prior to fat transfer. Prior to revision with fat transfer, implant-based breast reconstruction was used in 75.5 % of cases, and autologous flaps in the remainder. Fat transfer was combined with other reconstructive procedures 94.1 % of the time.

Conclusions

TLT can be used to harvest adipocytes for fat transfer with donor site morbidity and recipient site complications comparable to other modalities. The efficiency and quality of harvested fat makes this technology appealing for wide spread adoption during fat transfer.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Taking Part: The Social Experience of Informal Finance in Ordos, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Woodworth Max D. , Ulfstjerne Michael
Published: August 2016

This article examines how a resource bonanza in Ordos Municipality, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the 2000s translated into broad-based participation in informal lending networks and drove a remarkable, but short-lived, phase of urban expansion and private wealth accumulation. Local lending networks inflated enormous credit and property bubbles, which ultimately burst in 2011 with severe ramifications for Ordos's urban expansion and households' livelihoods. Based on fifteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Ordos, the analysis advances the idea of “taking part” to explore the interconnected desires to participate in urban expansion and to seize for oneself a portion of the local bonanzas in natural resources, property, and finance. The socio-spatial impacts of the financialization of the everyday environment are discussed in relation to urban transformation, the production of a “ghost town,” and local authorities' opportunistic forms of deregulation. These were vital ingredients in Ordos's spectacular passage from boom to bust.
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT, HOUSEHOLD STATUS AND CONTRACEPTION USE IN GHANA
Authors: Blackstone Sarah R.
Published: August 2016

Gender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving women’s sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including contraceptive use, in low- and middle-income countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. To date there is limited, recent, evidence available regarding women’s empowerment, household status and contraceptive use in Ghana. The objective of this study was to investigate whether women’s empowerment and status in the household were associated with contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample consisted of 1828 women aged 15–49. Women’s empowerment was measured based on two composite indexes created by the DHS: attitudes towards intimate partner violence and decision-making. Women’s status in the home was measured using indicators of work status, relationship to household head, control over monetary earnings and land ownership. Decision-making was found to be positively associated with contraceptive use and not having unmet need for contraception. Women who justified wife beating in one or more instances were less likely to use contraception, and more likely to have unmet need for contraception. Current or past employment and higher levels of male partner education were associated with contraceptive use. This study indicates that women’s empowerment and household status are influential for contraceptive indicators. Future interventions aimed at improving contraceptive uptake and use should promote women’s empowerment, i.e. decision-making, self-worth and education.
BDI agents in social simulations: a survey
Authors: Adam Carole , Gaudou Benoit
Published: August 2016

Modelling and simulation have long been dominated by equation-based approaches, until the recent advent of agent-based approaches. To curb the resulting complexity of models, Axelrod promoted the KISS principle: ‘Keep It Simple, Stupid’. But the community is divided and a new principle appeared: KIDS, ‘Keep It Descriptive, Stupid’. Richer models were thus developed for a variety of phenomena, while agent cognition still tends to be modelled with simple reactive particle-like agents. This is not always appropriate, in particular in the social sciences trying to account for the complexity of human behaviour. One solution is to model humans as belief, desire and intention (BDI) agents, an expressive paradigm using concepts from folk psychology, making it easier for modellers and users to understand the simulation. This paper provides a methodological guide to the use of BDI agents in social simulations, and an overview of existing methodologies and tools for using them.
Estimating healthcare costs of acute gastroenteritis and human campylobacteriosis in Switzerland
Authors: SCHMUTZ C. , MÄUSEZAHL D. , BLESS P. J. , HATZ C. , SCHWENKGLENKS M. , URBINELLO D.
Published: August 2016

Rising numbers of campylobacteriosis case notifications in Switzerland resulted in an increased attention to acute gastroenteritis (AG) in general. Patients with a laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter infection perceive their disease as severe and around 15% of these patients are hospitalized. This study aimed at estimating healthcare costs due to AG and campylobacteriosis in Switzerland. We used official health statistics, data from different studies and expert opinion for estimating individual treatment costs for patients with different illness severity and for extrapolating overall costs due to AG and campylobacteriosis. We estimated that total Swiss healthcare costs resulting from these diseases amount to €29–45 million annually. Data suggest that patients with AG consulting a physician without a stool diagnostic test account for €9·0–24·2 million, patients with a negative stool test result for Campylobacter spp. for €12·3 million, patients testing positive for Campylobacter spp. for €1·8 million and hospitalized campylobacteriosis patients for €6·5 million/year. Healthcare costs of campylobacteriosis are high and most likely increasing in Switzerland considering that campylobacteriosis case notifications steadily increased in the past decade. Costs and potential cost savings for the healthcare system should be considered when designing sectorial and cross-sectorial interventions to reduce the burden of human campylobacteriosis in Switzerland.