bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of LES and RANS-LES Hybrid Models for Heat Transfer Predictions in Effusion Cooled Combustor Liners
Authors: Verma Vishwas , Manoharan Kiran , Basani Jaydeep , Brandt Dustin
Published: December 2021

Accurate numerical predictions of surface heat flux on combustor liners in the presence of effusion cooling involve appropriate resolution of turbulent boundary layers and mixing of two different streams. Precise surface heat flux and wall temperature predictions are necessary for the optimal design of combustor liners to avoid burnout and damage to the combustor. Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) model has shown superior wall heat transfer predictions for steady flows; however, in combustor liners involving complex effusion jet mixing patterns, it fails. On the other hand, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) can capture to a good extent core flow mixing in such situations, but it requires very high-resolution near-wall meshes for accurate surface heat flux predictions. To overcome these issues, a hybrid model using RANS in the near-wall region and LES in the core region have been proposed for better wall heat transfer predictions. In this study, a numerical analysis is carried out to test the capability of RANS, LES and hybrid models (SBES, WMLES) for wall heat transfer predictions. The computational setup is a flat plate where freestream high-speed flow approaches a thirty-five degree inclined jet. The study is divided into two regions of interest, one before the jet freestream interaction and another post-interaction. We demonstrate with the SBES approach, surface heat flux can be predicted to much better agreement with the test data in both the regions of interest. Also, it is shown that such results can be obtained with much coarser mesh resolution, hence less computational cost, with hybrid models than pure LES.
Chaetotaxy ontogeny of Bdella (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdelloidea) with morphological descriptions of all life stages of B. xini sp. nov. from China

Authors: Wu You-Fang , Jin Dao-Chao , Yi Tian-Ci , Guo Jian-Jun
Published: December 2021

Chaetotaxy is an important character especially in mites and can be applied in species diagnosis, phylogenetics, ontogeny, and so on. Chaetotaxic ontogeny of Bdella was carried out through comparing both immature and adult descriptions of eight Bdella species, including a new species, B. xini sp. nov., from China. Based on these species, chaetotaxy changes in Bdella mainly focused on ventral hypostomal setae (vh), setae on palpal basifemur, aggenital setae (ag), genital setae (g), anal setae (ad) and leg setae.
Remote acoustic detection and characterization of fish schooling behavior
Authors: Benoit-Bird Kelly J. , Waluk Chad M.
Published: December 2021

Many fish species form social aggregations or shoals. Understanding the conditions under which these groups sometimes coordinate their behavior in space and time, or “school,” is important for understanding their ecology, their effects on the ecosystem, and effective management of their stocks. An automated approach to isolate acoustic aggregations in echosounder data relative to the local background scattering is introduced. Aggregations were then identified and characterized in a large dataset acquired from an autonomous platform and a research vessel. Fish schools were statistically distinct from other aggregations of fish, with differences in their geometry, frequency response, scattering intensity, and scattering distribution. The statistical distribution of acoustic scattering from fish shoals generally followed a Rayleigh distribution as predicted for a randomly organized aggregation of homogenous scatterers. Within fish schools, however, the distribution was distinct from Rayleigh, showing a consistent pattern with most values at low relative scattering levels followed by a sharp roll-off and long right tail. These differences in distribution provide the ability to remotely observe the polarized, organized behavior that defines schooling, a difficult to observe response to environmental and internal conditions, which has large implications for our understanding and management of schooling fish.
An acoustic scattering model for stratification interfaces
Authors: Weidner Elizabeth , Weber Thomas C.
Published: December 2021

Stable fluid bodies, such as the ocean and atmosphere, are composed of a series of increasingly dense layers, defined by density stratification interfaces in which the medium properties (e.g., temperature, salinity) change. The intensity of the stratification between the layers influences the internal mixing dynamics and entrainment, facilitating the transport of dissolved constituents within the fluid medium. Acoustic systems offer the means for high resolution observations of these interfaces, which allow for continuous data collection over broad spatial scales. Here, a one-dimensional acoustic scattering model is presented for predicting acoustic backscatter from stratification interfaces, which is widely applicable to the acoustic water column data collected with ship-mounted sonars. Model predictions based on hydrographic profiles suggest that in many oceanic cases, the density gradient perturbations can be disregarded, and sound speed perturbations alone drive the majority of the acoustic scattering. A frequency-dependent scattering intensity based on the sharpness of the stratification interface is predicted by the model, suggesting a path to remote estimations of the physical medium properties through broadband acoustic inversion.
Oxygen Uptake at Critical Speed and Power in Running: Perspectives and Practical Applications
Authors: Patoz Aurélien , Blokker Thomas , Pedrani Nicola , Spicher Romain , Borrani Fabio , Malatesta Davide
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Intensity domains are recommended when prescribing exercise, and critical power/speed (CP/CS) was designated the “gold standard” when determining maximal metabolic steady state. CS is the running analog of CP for cycle ergometry. However, a CP for running could be useful for controlling intensity when training in any type of condition. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate external, internal, and total CP (CPext, CPint, and CPtot), obtained based on running power calculations, and verified whether they occurred at the same percentage of peak oxygen uptake as the usual CS. Furthermore, this study examined whether selecting strides at the start, half, or end of the exhaustive runs to calculate running power influenced the estimation of the 3 CPs. Methods: Thirteen male runners performed a maximal incremental aerobic test and 4 exhaustive runs (90%, 100%, 110%, 120% peak speed) on a treadmill. The estimations of CS and CPs were obtained using a 3-parameter mathematical model fitted using weighted least square. Results: CS was estimated at 4.3 m/s while the estimates of CPext, CPint, and CPtot were 5.2, 2.6, and 7.8 W/kg, respectively. The corresponding for CS was 82.5 percentage of peak oxygen uptake and 81.3, 79.7, and 80.6 percentage of peak oxygen uptake for CPext, CPint, and CPtot, respectively. No systematic bias was reported when comparing CS and CPext, as well as the 3 different CPs, whereas systematic biases of 2.8% and 1.8% were obtained for the comparison among CS and CPint and CPtot, respectively. Nonetheless, the for CS and CPs were not statistically different (P = .09). Besides, no effect of the time stride selection for CPs as well as their resulting was obtained (P ≥ .44). Conclusions: The systematic biases among at CS and CPint and CPtot were not clinically relevant. Therefore, CS and CPs closely represent the same fatigue threshold in running. The knowledge of CP in running might prove to be useful for both athletes and coaches, especially when combined with instantaneous running power. Indeed, this combination might help athletes controlling their targeted training intensity and coaches prescribing a training session in any type of condition.
MRE11-dependent instability in mitochondrial DNA fork protection activates a cGAS immune signaling pathway
Authors: Luzwick Jessica W. , Dombi Eszter , Boisvert Rebecca A. , Roy Sunetra , Park Soyoung , Kunnimalaiyaan Selvi , Goffart Steffi , Schindler Detlev , Schlacher Katharina
Published: December 2021

MRE11 activates mitochondrial DNA–dependent cGAS immune signaling in cells with BRCA/FANC gene defects.
The genetic architecture of human cortical folding
Authors: van der Meer Dennis , Kaufmann Tobias , Shadrin Alexey A. , Makowski Carolina , Frei Oleksandr , Roelfs Daniel , Monereo-Sánchez Jennifer , Linden David E. J. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Alnæs Dag , de Leeuw Christiaan , Thompson Wesley K. , Loughnan Robert , Fan Chun Chieh , Westlye Lars T. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M.
Published: December 2021

The first genome-wide study of sulcal depth shows that it is highly genetically discoverable, associated with neurodevelopment.
A phase 1/2 clinical trial of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA and taxane for treating chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Chung Andrew W. , Anand Kartik , Anselme Ann C. , Chan Alfred A. , Gupta Nakul , Venta Luz A. , Schwartz Mary R. , Qian Wei , Xu Yitian , Zhang Licheng , Kuhn John , Patel Tejal , Rodriguez Angel A. , Belcheva Anna , Darcourt Jorge , Ensor Joe , Bernicker Eric , Pan Ping-Ying , Chen Shu Hsia , Lee Delphine J. , Niravath Polly A. , Chang Jenny C.
Published: December 2021

A phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer targets the inducible nitric oxide signaling pathway.
A Simple Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Method for the Diagnosis of L-A and M Totiviruses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Quintero-Blanco Juan , Jimenez Juan , Garzón Andrés
Published: December 2021

The killer phenomenon in
S. cerevisiae
yeast cells provides the opportunity to study host-virus interactions in a eukaryotic model. Therefore, the development of simple methods for their detection significantly facilitates their study.
Ubiquitinated Hepatitis D Antigen-Loaded Microvesicles Induce a Potent Specific Cellular Immune Response to Inhibit HDV Replication in Vivo
Authors: Yao Ting , Lv Mengjiao , Ma Siyuan , Chen Jinmei , Zhang Yi , Yu Yongsheng , Zang Guoqing , Chen Xiaohua
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis D is the most severe viral hepatitis with accelerating the process of liver cirrhosis and increasing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are no effective antiviral drugs.
New Insight regarding
Legionella
Non-
Pneumophila
Species Identification: Comparison between the Traditional
mip
Gene Classification Scheme and a Newly Proposed Scheme Targeting the
rpoB
Gene
Authors: Pascale Maria Rosaria , Salaris Silvano , Mazzotta Marta , Girolamini Luna , Fregni Serpini Giulia , Manni Laura , Grottola Antonella , Cristino Sandra
Published: December 2021

Legionella
spp. are a widely spread bacteria that cause a fatal form of pneumonia. While traditional laboratory techniques have provided valuable systems for
Legionella pneumophila
identification, the amplification of the
mip
gene has been recognized as the only useful tool for
Legionella
non-
pneumophila
species identification both in clinical and environmental samples.
Testing Denmark: a Danish Nationwide Surveillance Study of COVID-19
Authors: Fogh Kamille , Strange Jarl E. , Scharff Bibi F. S. S. , Eriksen Alexandra R. R. , Hasselbalch Rasmus B. , Bundgaard Henning , Nielsen Susanne D. , Jørgensen Charlotte S. , Erikstrup Christian , Norsk Jakob , Nielsen Pernille Brok , Kristensen Jonas H. , Østergaard Lars , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Andersen Berit , Nielsen Henrik , Johansen Isik S. , Wiese Lothar , Simonsen Lone , Fischer Thea K. , Folke Fredrik , Lippert Freddy , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Benfield Thomas , Mølbak Kåre , Ethelberg Steen , Koch Anders , Sönksen Ute Wolff , Vangsted Anne-Marie , Krause Tyra Grove , Fomsgaard Anders , Ullum Henrik , Skov Robert , Iversen Kasper
Published: December 2021

To date, including 318,522 participants, this is the largest population-based study with broad national participation where tests and questionnaires have been sent to participants’ homes. We found that more emphasis from national and local authorities toward the risk of infection should be placed on age of tested individuals, type of occupation, as well as exposure in local communities and households.
Application of Recombinant Human scFv Antibody as a Powerful Tool to Monitor Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizer in Rice and Legume
Authors: Khaing K. K. , Rangnoi K. , Michlits H. , Boonkerd N. , Teaumroong N. , Tittabutr P. , Yamabhai M.
Published: December 2021

Human scFv antibody generated from phage display technology was successfully used for the generation of specific recombinant antibodies: yiN92-1e10 and yiDOA9-162 for the detection of
Bradyrhizobium
strains SUTN9-2 and DOA9, respectively.
Empirical constraints on progressive shock metamorphism of magnetite from the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
Authors: Holm-Alwmark Sanna , Erickson Timmons M. , Cavosie Aaron J.
Published: December 2021

Little is known about the microstructural behavior of magnetite during hypervelocity impact events, even though it is a widespread accessory mineral and an important magnetic carrier in terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks. We report systematic electron backscatter diffraction crystallographic analysis of shock features in magnetite from a transect across the 52-km-diameter ca. 380 Ma Siljan impact structure in Sweden. Magnetite grains in granitoid samples contain brittle fracturing, crystal-plasticity, and lamellar twins. Deformation twins along {111} with shear direction of <112> are consistent with spinel-law twins. Inferred bulk shock pressures for the investigated samples, as constrained by planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz and shock twins in zircon, range from 0 to 20 GPa; onset of shock-induced twinning in magnetite is observed at >5 GPa. These results highlight the utility of magnetite to record shock deformation in rocks that experience shock pressures >5 GPa, which may be useful in quartz-poor samples. Despite significant hydrothermal alteration and the variable transformation of host magnetite to hematite, shock effects are preserved, which demonstrates that magnetite is a reliable mineral for preserving shock deformation over geologic time.
Acute retinal necrosis with exudative retinal detachment in a child
Authors: Perhiar Benish Aslam , Siddiqui MA Rehman , Ibrahim Shahnaz
Published: December 2021

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare ocular emergency caused mainly by viral entities. ARN may be caused by Herpes zoster virus (HZV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), both HSV-1 and HSV-2. ARN mostly present in 20–60 years old immunocompetent adults. A 7-year-old girl presented to the eye clinic with complaints of left eye redness noted by her mother for 2–3 days. On examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy, no hypopyon was seen in either eye. In the left eye fundus view was hazy. Ultrasound B-scan performed showed exudative retinal detachment. PCR of ocular fluid was positive for HSV-1 DNA. The patient was started on topical steroids and antibiotics and systemic antivirals. In addition, she also received intravitreal ganciclovir 4 mg/0.1 mL three times under general anaesthesia. At her last follow-up, 3 years from her presentation, her right eye examination was within normal limits, and left eye showed thick vitreous bands with a posterior vitreous detachment, and left inferotemporal retinal scarring.
Tracking the uptake and trajectory of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in 15 West African countries: an interim analysis
Authors: Afolabi Muhammed Olanrewaju , Wariri Oghenebrume , Saidu Yauba , Otu Akaninyene , Omoleke Semeeh Akinwale , Ebenso Bassey , Adebiyi Adekola , Ooko Michael , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Agogo Emmanuel , Nomhwange Terna , Salami Kolawole , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Yaya Sanni
Published: December 2021

The African Union Bureau of Heads of State and Government endorsed the COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Access Strategy to vaccinate at least 60% of each country’s population with a safe and efficacious vaccine by 2022, to achieve the population-level immunity needed to bring the pandemic under control. Using publicly available, country-level population estimates and COVID-19 vaccination data, we provide unique insights into the uptake trends of COVID-19 vaccinations in the 15 countries that comprise the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS). Based on the vaccination rates in the ECOWAS region after three months of commencing COVID-19 vaccinations, we provide a projection of the trajectory and speed of vaccination needed to achieve a COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of at least 60% of the total ECOWAS population. After three months of the deployment of COVID-19 vaccines across the ECOWAS countries, only 0.27% of the region’s total population had been fully vaccinated. If ECOWAS countries follow this trajectory, the sub-region will have less than 1.6% of the total population fully vaccinated after 18 months of vaccine deployment. Our projection shows that to achieve a COVID-19 vaccination coverage of at least 60% of the total population in the ECOWAS sub-region after 9, 12 and 18 months of vaccine deployment; the speed of vaccination must be increased to 10, 7 and 4 times the current trajectory, respectively. West African governments must deploy contextually relevant and culturally acceptable strategies for COVID-19 vaccine procurements, distributions and implementations in order to achieve reasonable coverage and save lives, sooner rather than later.
Rotating night shift work, sleep duration and elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase among steelworkers: cross-sectional analyses from a Chinese occupational cohort
Authors: Li Qinglin , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Han , Xue Chao , Zhang Xiaohong , Qin Sheng , Yuan Juxiang
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) among steelworkers.

Design, setting and participants

This cross-sectional study used the baseline information from a Chinese occupational cohort. The in-service workers of the production department of Tangsteel Company who participated in the occupational health examination in Tangshan from February to June 2017 were selected as the research objects.

Main outcome measures

The separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated GGT among steelworkers.

Results

The information of 7031 subjects from the production department of Tangsteel Company was analysed. Results showed that the current shift workers and the workers with the duration of night shifts>19 years, the cumulative number of night shifts>1774 nights, the average frequency of night shifts≤7 nights/month and the average frequency of night shifts>7 nights/month had elevated odds of elevated GGT, compared with those who never worked night shifts, and ORs, (95% CIs) were 1.39, (1.10 to 1.75), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.86), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.85), 1.34, (1.04 to 1.73) and 1.37, (1.09 to 1.74) after adjustment for potential confounders. The independent effect of shorter sleep duration (<7 hours/day) on elevated GGT was not statistically significant. Among workers who had shorter sleep duration, the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT was statistically significant, but no associations were found among workers with the sleep duration of ≥7 hours/day. In addition, other lifestyle factors affected the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT.

Conclusions

Rotating night shift work is associated with elevated GGT among steelworkers. In particular, the effect of rotating night shift work on elevated GGT was affected by sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
Beyond Horndeski interactions induced by quantum effects
Authors: Latosh B.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, an opportunity to generate beyond Horndeski interactions is addressed. An amplitude generating a certain beyond Horndeski coupling is explicitly found. The amplitude is free from ultraviolet divergences, so it is protected from ultraviolet contributions and can be considered as a universal prediction of effective field theory.
POMACS V5, N3, December 2021 Editorial
Authors: Carlsson Niklas , Cohen Edith , Robert Philippe
Published: December 2021

The ACM Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems (POMACS) focuses on the measurement and performance evaluation of computer systems and operates in close collaboration with the ACM Special Interest Group SIGMETRICS. All papers in this issue of POMACS will be presented during the ACM SIGMETRICS/Performance 2022 conference.

The issue contains papers selected by the editorial board via a rigorous review process that follows a hybrid conference and journal model, with reviews conducted by the 93 members of our POMACS editorial board. Each paper was either conditionally accepted (and shepherded), allowed a "one-shot" revision (to be resubmitted to one of the subsequent two deadlines), or rejected (with resubmission allowed after a year). For this issue, which represents the summer deadline, POMACS publishes 17 papers out of 71 submissions. All submitted papers received at least 3 reviews and we held an online TPC meeting.

Based on the indicated primary track, roughly 37% of the submissions were in the Theory track, 30% were in the Measurement & Applied Modeling track, 20% were in the Systems track, and 14% were in the Learning track.

Many people contributed to the success of this issue of POMACS. First, we would like to thank the authors, who submitted their best work to SIGMETRICS/POMACS. Second, we would like to thank the TPC members who provided constructive feedback in their reviews to authors and participated in the online discussions and TPC meetings. We also thank the several external reviewers who provided their expert opinion on specific submissions that required additional input. We are also grateful to the SIGMETRICS Board Chair, Giuliano Casale, and to past TPC Chairs, Anshul Gandhi, Negar Kiyavash, and Jia Wang, who provided a wealth of information and guidance (including a template for writing this editorial note!). Finally, we are grateful to the Organization Committee and to the SIGMETRICS Board for their ongoing efforts and initiatives for creating an exciting program for ACM SIGMETRICS/Performance 2022.
Dissecting Cloud Gaming Performance with DECAF
Authors: Iqbal Hassan , Khalid Ayesha , Shahzad Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Cloud gaming platforms have witnessed tremendous growth over the past two years with a number of large Internet companies including Amazon, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Nvidia publicly launching their own platforms. While cloud gaming platforms continue to grow, the visibility in their performance and relative comparison is lacking. This is largely due to absence of systematic measurement methodologies which can generally be applied. As such, in this paper, we implement DECAF, a methodology to systematically analyze and dissect the performance of cloud gaming platforms across different game genres and game platforms. DECAF is highly automated and requires minimum manual intervention. By applying DECAF, we measure the performance of three commercial cloud gaming platforms including Google Stadia, Amazon Luna, and Nvidia GeForceNow, and uncover a number of important findings. First, we find that processing delays in the cloud comprise majority of the total round trip delay experienced by users, accounting for as much as 73.54% of total user-perceived delay. Second, we find that video streams delivered by cloud gaming platforms are characterized by high variability of bitrate, frame rate, and resolution. Platforms struggle to consistently serve 1080p/60 frames per second streams across different game genres even when the available bandwidth is 8-20× that of platform's recommended settings. Finally, we show that game platforms exhibit performance cliffs by reacting poorly to packet losses, in some cases dramatically reducing the delivered bitrate by up to 6.6× when loss rates increase from 0.1% to 1%. Our work has important implications for cloud gaming platforms and opens the door for further research on comprehensive measurement methodologies for cloud gaming.
Power of Bonus in Pricing for Crowdsourcing
Authors: Shin Suho , Choi Hoyong , Yi Yung , Ok Jungseul
Published: December 2021

We consider a simple form of pricing for a crowdsourcing system, where pricing policy is published a priori, and workers then decide their task acceptance. Such a pricing form is widely adopted in practice for its simplicity, e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk, although additional sophistication to pricing rule can enhance budget efficiency. With the goal of designing efficient and simple pricing rules, we study the impact of the following two design features in pricing policies: (i) personalization tailoring policy worker-by-worker and (ii) bonus payment to qualified task completion. In the Bayesian setting, where the only prior distribution of workers' profiles is available, we first study the Price of Agnosticism (PoA) that quantifies the utility gap between personalized and common pricing policies. We show that PoA is bounded within a constant factor under some mild conditions, and the impact of bonus is essential in common pricing. These analytic results imply that complex personalized pricing can be replaced by simple common pricing once it is equipped with a proper bonus payment. To provide insights on efficient common pricing, we then study the efficient mechanisms of bonus payment for several profile distribution regimes which may exist in practice. We provide primitive experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk, which support our analytical findings.
When SWEETs Turn Tweens: Updates and Perspectives
Authors: Xue Xueyi , Wang Jiang , Shukla Diwakar , Cheung Lily S. , Chen Li-Qing
Published: December 2021

Sugar translocation between cells and between subcellular compartments in plants requires either plasmodesmata or a diverse array of sugar transporters. Interactions between plants and associated microorganisms also depend on sugar transporters. The sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is made up of conserved and essential transporters involved in many critical biological processes. The functional significance and small size of these proteins have motivated crystallographers to successfully capture several structures of SWEETs and their bacterial homologs in different conformations. These studies together with molecular dynamics simulations have provided unprecedented insights into sugar transport mechanisms in general and into substrate recognition of glucose and sucrose in particular. This review summarizes our current understanding of the SWEET family, from the atomic to the whole-plant level. We cover methods used for their characterization, theories about their evolutionary origins, biochemical properties, physiological functions, and regulation. We also include perspectives on the future work needed to translate basic research into higher crop yields.
The Metabolic Relationship Between Viral Infection and Cancer
Authors: Mullen Peter J. , Christofk Heather R.
Published: December 2021

Viruses are fundamental tools in cancer research. They were used to discover the first oncogenes in the 1970s, and they are now being modified for use as antitumor therapeutics. Key to both of these oncogenic and oncolytic properties is the ability of viruses to rewire host cell metabolism. In this review, we describe how viral oncogenes alter metabolism to increase the synthesis of macromolecules necessary for both viral replication and tumor growth. We then describe how understanding the specific metabolic requirements of virus-infected cells can help guide strategies to improve the efficacy of oncolytic viruses, and we highlight immunometabolism and tumor microenvironment research that could also increase the therapeutic benefits of oncolytic viruses. We also describe how studies describing the therapeutic effects of dietary nutrient restriction in cancer can suggest new avenues for research into antiviral therapeutics.
Active Aging and Public Health: Evidence, Implications, and Opportunities
Authors: Dogra Shilpa , Dunstan David W. , Sugiyama Takemi , Stathi Afroditi , Gardiner Paul A. , Owen Neville
Published: December 2021

By 2050, 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 65 years, with projections that 80% of older adults will be living in low- to middle-income countries. Physical inactivity and sedentary time are particularly high in older adults, presenting unique public health challenges. In this article, we first review evidence that points to multiple beneficial outcomes of active aging, including better physical function, cognitive function, mental health, social health, and sleep, and we suggest the need to shift the research focus from chronic disease outcomes to more relevantoutcomes that affect independence and quality of life. Second, we review the critical role of age-friendly environments in facilitating active aging equitably across different countries and cultures. Finally, we consider emerging opportunities related to social engagement and technology-enabled mobility that can facilitate active aging. In all these contexts, it is a priority to understand and address diversity within the global aging population.
Unveiling the Magnesium Storage Mechanisms of Co-Sputtered Indium-Tin Alloy Films Using Operando X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Cui Wenrun , Song Meijia , Jia Guixing , Wang Yu , Yang Wanfeng , Bai Qingguo , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: December 2021

Tin (Sn)-based anodes have drawn extensive attention for magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) owing to their low reaction potentials, high theoretical capacities, and compatibility with conventional electrolytes. However, their poor electrochemical reactivity, sluggish kinetics, and large volume changes have obstructed progresses. Additionally, a clear understanding of the Mg storage chemistry is crucial for the development of high-performance MIBs. Here, we prepared self-supporting In-Sn alloy films with different compositions and phase constitutions via a one-step magnetron co-sputtering. As benchmarked with pure Sn film, the single-phase and biphase In-Sn alloy films effectively trigger the alloying reaction of Sn with Mg and further increasing of In significantly improves the electrochemical reactivity of the In-Sn electrodes. More importantly, operando X-ray diffraction was performed to unveil the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanisms of the In0.2Sn0.8, In0.2Sn0.8/In3Sn and In3Sn electrodes, showing that In0.2Sn0.8 and In3Sn display different Mg storage mechanisms when existing alone or biphase coexisting. Our findings highlight the significance of the electrode design and mechanism investigations for MIBs.
Study on Internal Phenomena of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Liquefied Natural Gas as Fuel
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Kim Young Sang , Lee Young Duk , Kim Minsung , Kim Dong Kyu
Published: December 2021

This study analyzed the internal phenomena of solid oxide fuel cells driven by liquefied natural gas. Reforming reactions of liquefied natural gas constituent in the solid oxide fuel cells were examined. First, the performance of solid oxide fuel cells using liquefied natural gas was compared to those using methane as fuel. Liquefied natural gas-driven solid oxide fuel cells outperformed methane-driven solid oxide fuel cells under all current conditions, with a maximum performance difference of approximately 12.8%. Then, the effect of inlet composition ratio on the internal phenomena in the solid oxide fuel cells was examined. The lower the steam-to-carbon ratio, the higher the steam reforming reaction in the cell. By changing the ratio, 7.1% of more hydrogen could be reformed. Finally, the effect of reformer operation on the internal phenomena in the solid oxide fuel cells was examined. Under 0.35 A cm−2, lower pre-reforming rate of reformer enhance the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. At high current density region, however, a higher pre-reforming rate of reforming is more favorable because the reforming reaction is rare in solid oxide fuel cells. This research can provide guidelines for achieving high power output of solid oxide fuel cells with high fuel flexibility.
Effect of Doping Concentration on Grain Boundary Conductivity of Samaria Doped Ceria Composites
Authors: Vinchhi Prerna , Patel Roma , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit , Ray Abhijit , Pati Ranjan
Published: December 2021

This work aims to study the effect of Sm3+ doping concentration on the grain boundary ionic conductivity of ceria. The materials were prepared by a modified co-precipitation method, where molecular water associated with the precursor has been utilized to facilitate the hydroxylation process. The synthesized hydroxide/hydrated oxide materials were calcined and the green body (pellet) has been sintered at high temperature in order to achieve highly dense (∼ 96%) pellet. The structural analyses were done using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, which confirm the single phase cubic structure of samaria doped ceria (SDC) nanoparticles and the surface morphology of sintered samples was studied using FESEM. The ionic conductivity was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy of the sintered pellets in the temperature range of 400 °C–700 °C, which shows superior grain boundary conductivity. The grain boundary ionic conductivity of around 0.111 S cm−1 has been obtained for 15SDC composition at 600 °C.
Mitigation of PtCo/C Cathode Catalyst Degradation via Control of Relative Humidity
Authors: Ramaswamy Nagappan , Kumaraguru Swami , Kukreja Ratandeep Singh , Groom Daniel , Jarvis Karalee , Ferreira Paulo
Published: December 2021

Maintaining the high performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) over the course of its lifetime is a key enabling factor for its successful commercialization as a primary power source in zero-emission transportation applications. In this context, it is important to mitigate the degradation of PtCo-alloy based cathode catalysts used for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). PtCo-alloy catalysts exhibit high activity at beginning-of-life (BOL) which tends to decrease during operation due to loss of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and dissolution-contamination related effects of the Co-alloying component. Here, we demonstrate the use of relative humidity (RH) of the inlet gases as a controllable parameter to mitigate the degradation of PtCo-alloy catalyst degradation. We employ a catalyst-specific voltage cycling accelerated stress test (AST) durability protocol as a function of inlet RH to degrade PtCo catalysts. A series of in situ electrochemical diagnostics and ex situ characterizations have been carried out to investigate the catalyst layer characteristics at end-of-test (EOT). Our results show that at sub-saturated conditions of durability protocol operation, PtCo catalyst sustains higher EOT H2/air performance due to better retention of ECSA and smaller impact of Co2+ dissolution/contamination.
Research on Virtual Display of Wetsuit Based on CLO3D
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Cho Joung Hyung
Published: December 2021

In order to overcome the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio in the information output interface and long time for information synthesis in the traditional virtual display method of clothing, a CLO3D-based virtual display method for wetsuit is designed in this study. The proposed method works as follows. Firstly, it analyzes the categories and functional characteristics of the wetsuit and the virtual display process of the CLO3D software. In the second step, the design of the proposed method for the process of data collection and fusion of the wetsuit design is made. In the subsequent steps, human model is established, designs are made for the style and modeling, simulation is made for the pattern and color of the wetsuit fabric, and dynamic display is made. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the information output interface of the proposed method is above 75 dB, and the maximum SNR can reach 80.5 dB, and the information synthesis time varies between 32 min and 47 min, indicating that the proposed method is more efficient and effective.
Research on Public Rental Housing PPP Project Launching Dilemmas with Dynamic Evolutionary Game
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Liu Dan , Yin Chuanbin
Published: December 2021

The public housing PPP projects have encountered a cold reception from the government, which constrained solving the urban housing problem. This paper builds a dynamic game model under incomplete contract conditions, analyzes the key factors affecting the signing of PPP contracts by dynamic evolutionary game analysis, and verifies these factors by simulation. The results show that fiscal spending smoothing, risk transfer, and government performance can promote government to adopt cooperation strategy. Expected project benefits and government performance incentives can promote private capital to adopt cooperation strategy. Changes in transaction cost have a significant impact on the decision of cooperation strategy.
A Comparative Study of Three Resolving Parameters of Graphs
Authors: Ikhlaq Hafiz Muhammad , Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad Afzal , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Graph theory is one of those subjects that is a vital part of the digital world. It is used to monitor the movement of robots on a network, to debug computer networks, to develop algorithms, and to analyze the structural properties of chemical structures, among other things. It is also useful in airplane scheduling and the study of diffusion mechanisms. The parameters computed in this article are very useful in pattern recognition and image processing. A number d(f, w) = min{d(w, t), d(w, s)} is referred as distance between f = ts an edge and w a vertex. d(w, f1) ≠ d(w, f2) implies that two edges f1, f2 ∈ E are resolved by node w ∈ V. A set of nodes A is referred to as an edge metric generator if every two links/edges of Γ are resolved by some nodes of A and least cardinality of such sets is termed as edge metric dimension, edim(Γ) for a graph Γ. A set B of some nodes of Γ is a mixed metric generator if any two members of V ∪ E are resolved by some members of B. Such a set B with least cardinality is termed as mixed metric dimension, mdim(Γ). In this paper, the metric dimension, edge metric dimension, and mixed metric dimension of dragon graph Tn,m, line graph of dragon graph L(Tn,m), paraline graph of dragon graph L(S(Tn,m)), and line graph of line graph of dragon graph L(L(Tn,m)) have been computed. It is shown that these parameters are constant, and a comparative analysis is also given for the said families of graphs.
Computer Network Information Security Protection Faced by Digital Art Museums Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Ling , Hu Shuai
Published: December 2021

The development of the Internet of things provides a great opportunity for the development of all walks of life, but it also brings many risks in the process, of which the most important thing is the protection of computer network information security. Digital art museums play a great role in viewing, education, and other functions. This article is aimed at analyzing the computer network information security protection problems faced by digital art museums. Analyze the application of the digital art gallery in the computer Internet of things, and combine the different aspects involved in the two parts to carry out experimental analysis and comparison. The difference between the various subjects of the digital art gallery, such as exhibits, writers, and visitors, is to maintain the security of Internet computer information. Introduce the application. The results show that compared with that of fog computing technology and that of edge computing technology, the performance of the Internet of things is generally better, with faster data processing speed, shorter processing time, higher quality, and stronger scalability. But at the same time, it is also facing greater computer network security threats. According to statistics, 83.3% of consumers worry about its usability but people are more concerned about its safety performance. Nearly 87.5% of consumers worry about whether their information will be leaked. When cloud computing technology is applied to digital art museums, how to protect computer network information security is particularly important. Based on the traditional firewall, this paper designs a hybrid firewall, which can better solve the problem of computer network information security.
Accuracy of Dental Photography: Professional vs. Smartphone’s Camera
Authors: Moussa Carol , Hardan Louis , Kassis Cynthia , Bourgi Rim , Devoto Walter , Jorquera Gilbert , Panda Saurav , Abou Fadel Roy , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos Enrique , Lukomska-Szymanska Monika
Published: December 2021

There is a scant literature on the accuracy of dental photographs captured by Digital Single‐Lens Reflex (DSLR) and smartphone cameras. The aim was to compare linear measurements of plaster models photographed with DSLR and smartphone’s camera with digital models. Thirty maxillary casts were prepared. Vertical and horizontal reference lines were marked on each tooth, with exception to molars. Then, models were scanned with the TRIOS 3 Basic intraoral dental scanner (control). Six photographs were captured for each model: one using DSLR camera (Canon EOS 700D) and five with smartphone (iPhone X) (distance range 16‐32 cm). Teeth heights and widths were measured on scans and photographs. The following conclusions could be drawn: (1) the measurements of teeth by means of DSLR and smartphone cameras (at distances of at least 24 cm) and scan did not differ. (2) The measurements of anterior teeth by means of DSLR and smartphone cameras (at all distances tested) and scan exhibited no difference. For documentational purposes, the distortion is negligeable, and both camera devices can be applied. Dentists can rely on DSLR and smartphone cameras (at distances of at least 24 cm) for smile designs providing comparable and reliable linear measurements.
Production, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Control of Dengue Virus: A Literature‐Based Undivided Perspective
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Quispe Cristina , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Sarkar Chandan , Sharma Rohit , Garg Neha , Fredes Larry Ibarra , Martorell Miquel , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Calina Daniela , Alsafi Radi , Alghamdi Saad , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Cruz-Martins Natália
Published: December 2021

Dengue remains one of the most serious and widespread mosquito‐borne viral infections in human beings, with serious health problems or even death. About 50 to 100 million people are newly infected annually, with almost 2.5 billion people living at risk and resulting in 20,000 deaths. Dengue virus infection is especially transmitted through bites of Aedes mosquitos, hugely spread in tropical and subtropical environments, mostly found in urban and semiurban areas. Unfortunately, there is no particular therapeutic approach, but prevention, adequate consciousness, detection at earlier stage of viral infection, and appropriate medical care can lower the fatality rates. This review offers a comprehensive view of production, transmission, pathogenesis, and control measures of the dengue virus and its vectors.
Protective Effect of NGR1 against Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells by Upregulating the SIRT1/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Wang Dong , Gao Bibo , Yang Tao , Sun Huiying , Ran Xiaoping , Lin Wen
Published: December 2021

Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is an active compound isolated from Panax notoginseng. Despite the NGR1 having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of NGR1 against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells and its possible molecular mechanism. We assessed the toxicity of NGR1 and the protective activity by MTT assay. The levels of oxidative stress indices superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by the kits. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ concentration were measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we determined the expression of mitochondrial dysfunction related protein PINK1, Parkin, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin 1; SIRT1), and Wnt/β-catenin by Western blotting. Here, we discovered that glutamate treatment led to cell viability loss, apoptosis facilitation, Ca2+ upregulation, MMP fluorescence intensity downregulation, and ROS generation of HT22 cells. In parallel, expression of Parkin was declined by glutamate. While, NGR1 treatment alleviated all the above phenomena. We further clarified that NGR1 alleviated glutamate-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating SIRT1 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathways. These findings demonstrate that NGR1 alleviated glutamate-induced cell damage, and NGR1 may play a protective role in neurological complications.
An Absolutely New Attempt to Vague Soft Bitopological Spaces Basis at Newly Defined Operations regarding Vague Soft Points
Authors: Mehmood Arif , Afzal Farkhanda , Abdullah Saleem , Khan Muhammad Imran , Gul Saeed
Published: December 2021

In this study, new operations of union, intersection, and complement are defined with the help of vague soft sets in a new way that is in both true and false statements, union is defined with maximum, and intersection is defined with minimum. On the basis of these operations, vague soft topology is defined. Pairwise vague soft open sets and pairwise vague soft closed sets are defined in vague soft bitopological structures (VSBTS). Moreover, generalized vague soft open sets are introduced in VSBTS concerning soft points of the space. On the basis of generalized vague soft open sets, separation axioms are also introduced. In continuation, these separations axioms are engaged with other important results in VSBTS.
Digital Design of Smart Museum Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: December 2021

Today, as the soft power of culture is becoming more and more important, it is very important to pay attention to the learning and dissemination of culture. As the carrier of this process, the use of advanced technology to improve the museum is of great significance. This paper studies the digital design of smart museum based on artificial intelligence in order to explore the application of smart museum in artificial intelligence, analyze the spatial design of smart museum by using digital technology, explore a feasible method to give full play to the function of smart museum, and put forward some suggestions on the spatial design of smart museum. The design of the smart museum is no longer restricted by time and space and uses digital technology to double use virtual things and dynamic space. Through the detailed analysis of the application of artificial intelligence and digitization in the spatial design of the smart museum, combined with the information decision tree algorithm and data heterogeneous network algorithm, this study constructs the model of the information processing architecture of smart museum and the requirements of digital museum and makes a decision-making analysis of the comparison results of existing data. It includes the digital design of smart museum display technology, display effect, and other display-related contents. Analyzing the impact of smart museum on the object can provide data support for the feasibility of digital space design of smart museum based on artificial intelligence. The results of regression data processing show that the spatial visual sense of digital design wisdom museum is very strong, reaching the level of 5.0, and the picture aesthetic effect is up to 4.8.