Do all the agrochemicals affect the population of litter cryptostigmata in the grass ecosystem?
Authors:   Assam Agricultural University Jorhat,Assam Email : banashreemedhi@gmail.com, MEDHI BANASHREE 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impact of agrochemicals, including insecticide (Flubendiamide), acaricide (Fenazaquin), fungicide (Tricyclazole), IGR (Buprofezin), and water-soluble fertilizers (50:40:25 kg NPK/ha) on the abundance of Cryptostigmata mites in a grassland habitat covered with a thick mat of grasses (Botanical Garden) was studied. Among the treated plots, it was observed that two foliar applications of tricyclazole resulted in the lowest population counts at 165 DAT, which was comparable to the effects of fertilizer, buprofezin 2FA, fenazaquin 2FA, flubendiamide 2FA, tricyclazole 1FA, and fenazaquin 1FA. However, buprofezin 1FA and flubendiamide 1FA led to higher mite populations. At 10DAT, higher toxicity was observed in the tricyclazole 1FA treated plot, followed by tricyclazole 2FA, flubendiamide 1FA, and fenazaquin 1FA. Meanwhile, at 80 DAT, a higher population decrease was noticed in the fenazaquin 1FA treated plot, followed by the effects of fertilizer, flubendiamide 2FA, tricyclazole 2FA, fenazaquin 2FA, flubendiamide 1FA, buprofezin 1FA, buprofezin 2FA, and tricyclazole 1FA in comparison to the untreated control.

References
Al-Haifi, M. A., Khan, M.Z., Abdullah Murshed, V. and Ghole, S., 2006. Effect of dimethoate residues on soil micro-arthropods population in the valley of Zendan, Yemen. J.Appl.Sci. Environ. Mgt., 10(2): 3-41.
Bandyopadhyaya, I., Choudhuri, D. K., Ponge, J. F., 2002. Effects of some physical factors and agricultural practices on Collembola in a multiple cropping programme in West Bengal (India), Eur. 1. Soi/ Biol., 38(1).111-17.
Campiche, S., Becker-van, S. K., Ridreau, C. and TarradeIIas J., 2006. Effects of insect growth regulators on the nontarget soil arthropod Folsomia candida (ColIemboIa), Ecocoxicol. Environ. Safety. 63(2): 216-225.
Carey, A. M., Dindal, D.L. and Leaf, A. L., 1971.Responses of micro-arthropod populations to potassium fertilization and irrigation. Am.Soc.Agron. Annu. Meeting Agron. Abst., 119.
Colinas, C., Ingham, E. and Molina, R., 1994. Population responses of target and non-target forest soil organisms to selected biocides. Soil Bio. Biochem., 26 (1): 41-47.
EL-Banhawy, E. M., 1980. Comparison between predacious mites Amblyseius brazilli and its pray Tetranychus destorum to different IGRs Methoprenes and Dimilin. Acarologica., 21: 221-227.
Forster B., Garcia, M., Francimari, 0. and Rombke, J., 2006. Effects of carbendazim and lambda- cyhalothrin on soil invertebrates and leaf litter decomposition in semi-field and field tests under tropical conditions (Amazonia, Brazil). Eur. J. Soil Biol., 42: 171—179.
Fuessel, T. N., 2012. A comparative assessment of the impact of insect growth regulators methoprene on soil mites and function in Brisbrane, Australia. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Graffith University, Gold coast campus, Queensland.
Joy, V. C. and Chakravorty, P. P., 1991. Impact of insecticides on nontarget microarthropod fauna in agricultural soil. EcotoxicoI. Environ. Saf., 22(1):8-16.
Kaluz, S., Saly, A., Carnogursky, J., Vasileva, G. K., Suchoparova, V.P., Galiulin, R.V., Ananeva, N. D., Bernat, J. and Ragala, P., 1993. The reactions of edaphone to the fungicide metalaxyl and its residues after application in vineyard. Biologia Bratislava, 48 (2): 149-154.
Kong, W. D., Zhu, Y. G., Fu, B. J., Han, X. Z., Zhang, L. and He, J.Z., 2008. Effect of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass and functional diversity of black soil. Pedosphere, 18(6): 801-808.
Krogh, P. H., 1991. Perturbation of the soil micro-arthropod community with the pesticides benomyl and isofenphos population changes. Pedobiologia, 35(2): 71-78.
Krokene, P., 1993. The effect of an insect growth regulator on grasshoppers (Acrididae) and non-target arthropods. J.Appl. Entomol., 116 (3): 248-266.
Malandar, M. and Kismali, S., 1994. Effect of some juvenile hormones analogues on the egg hatching and post embryonic development of Phytoseiulus permisilis. Turkey III 25-28 Ocak., pp. 539-548.
Mitra, S. K., Dutta, A. L., Mandal, S. B. and Sengupta, D., 1983. Preliminary observations on the effects of the rotation of crops and fertilizers on Collembola. In: New Trends in Soil Biology, Ed. Ph. Lebrun et al., Belgium, pp. 657- 663.
Qarluq. A. Q., 2010. The impact of Agrochemicals on soil faunal composition. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, p.163.
Randhawa, N. S., 1991. The importance of soil zoology in the context of present-day intensive agriculture. In: Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil Fauna (Eds.) Veeresh, G.K., Rajagopal, D. and Viraktamath, C.A., Oxford and IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.New Delhi, pp. I.3-1.5.
Reddy, M.V., Reddy, V.R., Yule, D.F. and George, P.J., 1994. Decomposition of straw in relation to tillage, moisture and arthropod abundance in a semi-arid tropical alfisol. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 17:45- 50.
Saha, I. and Joy V. C., 2014. Potential ill effects of IGR pesticides on life-history parameters in ecologically important soil collembola Cyphoderus javonus Borner. Intl. Sci, Environ. Tech., 3(2):365 - 373.
Talikoti, L. S., Sridevi, D. and Ratnasudhakar, T., 2012, Relative toxicity of insect growth regulators against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). J. Ent. Res., 36(1): 31-34.
Van Leeuwen, T., Witters, J., Nauen, R., Duso. C. and Tirry, L., 2010. The control of eriophyoid mites: state of the art and future challenges. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 51(1-3): 205-224.
Yang, X., Warren, M. and Zou, X., 2007. Fertilization responses of soil litter fauna and litter quantity, quality, and turnover in low and high elevation forests of Puerto Rico. Appl. Soil Ecol., 37: 63- 71.