bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fuzzy Expression Way for Air Quality Index with More Comprehensive Information
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhao Mingxuan , Han Yulin , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2017

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an evaluating indicator for the atmospheric environment released by various environmental monitoring centers to communicate the present air quality status to the public, which is calculated by the aid of the monitored concentrations of six common air pollutants and relevant computational formulae. Considering that the historical data of daily overall AQI illustrated by the traditional expression way merely contain limited information about the original data, this paper puts forward a more concrete and intuitive way to express the air quality in the past day. By analyzing the data concerning individual air quality indices of pollutants gathered from five cities of China for six consecutive months and conducting the curve fitting, each sub-index is recommended to be set as a Gaussian fuzzy number. Accordingly, taking advantage of the novel operational law for fuzzy numbers, the fuzzy distribution and membership function of the daily overall AQI can be deduced immediately, which as a reference contributes to the users acquiring the information more intuitively and facilitates making plans or decisions. Subsequently, a case study taking Shanghai as a background is conducted to elaborate the application of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the line chart reflecting the overall air quality status in a past period is depicted, based on which an example of selecting a tourist destination is given to demonstrate its utilization.
DIaaS: Resource Management System for the Intra-Cloud with On-Premise Desktops
Authors: Kim Hyun-Woo , Han Jaekyung , Park Jong , Jeong Young-Sik
Published: January 2017

Infrastructure as a service with desktops (DIaaS) based on the extensible mark-up language (XML) is herein proposed to utilize surplus resources. DIaaS is a traditional surplus-resource integrated management technology. It is designed to provide fast work distribution and computing services based on user service requests as well as storage services through desktop-based distributed computing and storage resource integration. DIaaS includes a nondisruptive resource service and an auto-scalable scheme to enhance the availability and scalability of intra-cloud computing resources. A performance evaluation of the proposed scheme measured the clustering performance time for surplus resource utilization. The results showed improvement in computing and storage services in a connection of at least two computers compared to the traditional method for high-availability measurement of nondisruptive services. Furthermore, an artificial server error environment was used to create a clustering delay for computing and storage services and for nondisruptive services. It was compared to the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS).
Improved Asymmetric Cipher Based on Matrix Power Function with Provable Security
Authors: Sakalauskas Eligijus , Mihalkovich Aleksejus , Venčkauskas Algimantas
Published: January 2017

The improved version of the author’s previously declared asymmetric cipher protocol based on matrix power function (MPF) is presented. Proposed modification avoids discrete logarithm attack (DLA) which could be applied to the previously declared protocol. This attack allows us to transform the initial system of MPF equations to so-called matrix multivariate quadratic (MMQ) system of equations, which is a system representing a subclass of multivariate quadratic (MQ) systems of equations. We are making a conjecture that avoidance of DLA in protocol, presented here, should increase its security, since an attempt to solve the initial system of MPF equations would appear to be no less complex than solving the system of MMQ equations. No algorithms are known to solve such a system of equations. Security parameters and their secure values are defined. Security analysis against chosen plaintext attack (CPA) and chosen ciphertext attack (CCA) is presented. Measures taken to prevent DLA attack increase the security of this protocol with respect to the previously declated protocol.
MULTI-EPOCH DETECTIONS OF WATER ICE ABSORPTION IN EDGE-ON DISKS AROUND HERBIG Ae STARS: PDS 144N AND PDS 453
Authors: Terada Hiroshi , Tokunaga Alan T.
Published: January 2017

We report the multi-epoch detections of water ice in 2.8–4.2

spectra of two Herbig Ae stars, PDS 144N (A2 IVe) and PDS 453 (F2 Ve), which have an edge-on circumstellar disk. The detected water ice absorption is found to originate from their protoplanetary disks. The spectra show a relatively shallow absorption of water ice of around 3.1

for both objects. The optical depths of the water ice absorption are ∼0.1 and ∼0.2 for PDS 144N and PDS 453, respectively. Compared to the water ice previously detected in low-mass young stellar objects with an edge-on disk with a similar inclination angle, these optical depths are significantly lower. It suggests that stronger UV radiation from the central stars effectively decreases the water ice abundance around the Herbig Ae stars through photodesorption. The water ice absorption in PDS 453 shows a possible variation of the feature among the six observing epochs. This variation could be due to a change of absorption materials passing through our line of sight to the central star. The overall profile of the water ice absorption in PDS 453 is quite similar to the absorption previously reported in the edge-on disk object d216-0939, and this unique profile may be seen only at a high inclination angle in the range of 76°–80°.
PHYSICAL CONTACT BETWEEN THE +20 km s−1 CLOUD AND THE GALACTIC CIRCUMNUCLEAR DISK
Authors: Takekawa Shunya , Oka Tomoharu , Tanaka Kunihiko
Published: January 2017

This paper reports the discovery of evidence for physical contact between the Galactic circumnuclear disk (CND) and an exterior giant molecular cloud. The central 10 pc of our Galaxy has been imaged in the HCN J = 1–0, HCO+
J = 1–0, CS J = 2–1, H13CN J = 1–0, SiO J = 2–1, SO N

J
 = 23–12, and HC3N J = 11–10 lines using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m radio telescope. Based on our examination of the position–velocity maps of several high-density probe lines, we have found that an emission “bridge” may be connecting the +20 km s−1 cloud (M–0.13–0.08) and the negative-longitude extension of the CND. Analyses of line intensity ratios imply that the chemical property of the bridge is located between the +20 km s−1 cloud and the CND. We introduce a new interpretation that a part of the CND may be colliding with the 20 km s−1 cloud and the collision may be responsible for the formation of the bridge. Such collisional events could promote mass accretion onto the CND or into the inner ionized cavity, which may be further tested by proper motion studies.
CORONAL JETS SIMULATED WITH THE GLOBAL ALFVÉN WAVE SOLAR MODEL
Authors: Szente J. , Toth G. , Manchester IV W. B. , Holst B. van der , Landi E. , Gombosi T. I. , DeVore C. R. , Antiochos S. K.
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a numerical modeling study of coronal jets to understand their effects on the global corona and their contribution to the solar wind. We implement jets into a well-established three-dimensional, two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solar corona model employing Alfvén-wave dissipation to produce a realistic solar-wind background. The jets are produced by positioning a compact magnetic dipole under the solar surface and rotating the boundary plasma around the dipole's magnetic axis. The moving plasma drags the magnetic field lines along with it, ultimately leading to a reconnection-driven jet similar to that described by Pariat et al. We compare line-of-sight synthetic images to multiple jet observations at EUV and X-ray bands, and find very close matches in terms of physical structure, dynamics, and emission. Key contributors to this agreement are the greatly enhanced plasma density and temperature in our jets compared to previous models. These enhancements arise from the comprehensive thermodynamic model that we use and, also, our inclusion of a dense chromosphere at the base of our jet-generating regions. We further find that the large-scale corona is affected significantly by the outwardly propagating torsional Alfvén waves generated by our polar jet, across 40° in latitude and out to 24 R
⊙. We estimate that polar jets contribute only a few percent to the steady-state solar-wind energy outflow.
THE ORIGIN OF THE IRON-RICH KNOT IN TYCHO’S SUPERNOVA REMNANT
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroya , Hughes John P. , Badenes Carles , Bravo Eduardo , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Martínez-Rodríguez Héctor , Park Sangwook , Petre Robert
Published: January 2017

X-ray observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) allow us to investigate the chemical inhomogeneity of ejecta, offering unique insight into the nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions. Here we present detailed imaging and spectroscopic studies of the “Fe knot” located along the eastern rim of the Type Ia SNR Tycho (SN 1572) using Suzaku and Chandra long-exposure data. Surprisingly, the Suzaku spectrum of this knot shows no emission from Cr, Mn, or Ni, which is unusual for the Fe-rich regions in this SNR. Within the framework of the canonical delayed-detonation models for SN Ia, the observed mass ratios

,

, and

(at 90% confidence) can only be achieved for a peak temperature of (5.3–5.7)

K and a neutron excess of

. These constraints rule out the deep, dense core of a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf as the origin of the Fe knot and favor either incomplete Si burning or an α-rich freeze-out regime, probably close to the boundary. An explosive He burning regime is a possible alternative, although this hypothesis is in conflict with the main properties of this SNR.
PLANETESIMAL COLLISIONS AS A CHONDRULE FORMING EVENT
Authors: Wakita Shigeru , Matsumoto Yuji , Oshino Shoichi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro
Published: January 2017

Chondritic meteorites contain unique spherical materials named chondrules: sub-mm sized silicate grains once melted in a high temperature condition in the solar nebula. We numerically explore one of the chondrule forming processes—planetesimal collisions. Previous studies have found that impact jetting via protoplanet–planetesimal collisions can make chondrules with 1% of the impactors’ mass, when the impact velocity exceeds 2.5 km s−1. Based on the mineralogical data of chondrules, undifferentiated planetesimals would be more suitable for chondrule-forming collisions than potentially differentiated protoplanets. We examine planetesimal–planetesimal collisions using a shock physics code and find two things: one is that planetesimal–planetesimal collisions produce nearly the same amount of chondrules as protoplanet–planetesimal collisions (∼1%). The other is that the amount of produced chondrules becomes larger as the impact velocity increases when two planetesimals collide with each other. We also find that progenitors of chondrules can originate from deeper regions of large targets (planetesimals or protoplanets) than small impactors (planetesimals). The composition of targets is therefore important, to fully account for the mineralogical data of currently sampled chondrules.
ENERGETIC PARTICLE TRANSPORT ACROSS THE MEAN MAGNETIC FIELD: BEFORE DIFFUSION
Authors: Laitinen T. , Dalla S.
Published: January 2017

Current particle transport models describe the propagation of charged particles across the mean field direction in turbulent plasmas as diffusion. However, recent studies suggest that at short timescales, such as soon after solar energetic particle (SEP) injection, particles remain on turbulently meandering field lines, which results in nondiffusive initial propagation across the mean magnetic field. In this work, we use a new technique to investigate how the particles are displaced from their original field lines, and we quantify the parameters of the transition from field-aligned particle propagation along meandering field lines to particle diffusion across the mean magnetic field. We show that the initial decoupling of the particles from the field lines is slow, and particles remain within a Larmor radius from their initial meandering field lines for tens to hundreds of Larmor periods, for 0.1–10 MeV protons in turbulence conditions typical of the solar wind at 1 au. Subsequently, particles decouple from their initial field lines and after hundreds to thousands of Larmor periods reach time-asymptotic diffusive behavior consistent with particle diffusion across the mean field caused by the meandering of the field lines. We show that the typical duration of the prediffusive phase, hours to tens of hours for 10 MeV protons in 1 au solar wind turbulence conditions, is significant for SEP propagation to 1 au and must be taken into account when modeling SEP propagation in the interplanetary space.
SEARCHING FOR BINARY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES VIA VARIABLE BROAD EMISSION LINE SHIFTS: LOW BINARY FRACTION
Authors: Wang Lile , Greene Jenny E. , Ju Wenhua , Rafikov Roman R. , Ruan John J. , Schneider Donald P.
Published: January 2017

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHs) are expected to result from galaxy mergers, and thus are natural byproducts (and probes) of hierarchical structure formation in the universe. They are also the primary expected source of low-frequency gravitational wave emission. We search for binary BHs using time-variable velocity shifts in broad Mg ii emission lines of quasars with multi-epoch observations. First, we inspect velocity shifts of the binary SMBH candidates identified in Ju et al., using Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra with an additional epoch of data that lengthens the typical baseline to ∼10 yr. We find variations in the line of sight velocity shifts over 10 yr that are comparable to the shifts observed over 1–2 yr, ruling out the binary model for the bulk of our candidates. We then analyze 1438 objects with eight-year median time baselines, from which we would expect to see velocity shifts >1000

from sub-parsec binaries. We find only one object with an outlying velocity of 448

, indicating—based on our modeling—that ≲1% (the value varies with different assumptions) of SMBHs that are active as quasars reside in binaries with ∼0.1 pc separations. Binaries either sweep rapidly through these small separations or stall at larger radii.
NUMERICAL INTEGRAL OF RESISTANCE COEFFICIENTS IN DIFFUSION
Authors: Zhang Q. S.
Published: January 2017

The resistance coefficients in the screened Coulomb potential of stellar plasma are evaluated to high accuracy. I have analyzed the possible singularities in the integral of scattering angle. There are possible singularities in the case of an attractive potential. This may result in a problem for the numerical integral. In order to avoid the problem, I have used a proper scheme, e.g., splitting into many subintervals where the width of each subinterval is determined by the variation of the integrand, to calculate the scattering angle. The collision integrals are calculated by using Romberg’s method, therefore the accuracy is high (i.e., ∼10−12). The results of collision integrals and their derivatives for −7 ≤ ψ ≤ 5 are listed. By using Hermite polynomial interpolation from those data, the collision integrals can be obtained with an accuracy of 10−10. For very weakly coupled plasma (ψ ≥ 4.5), analytical fittings for collision integrals are available with an accuracy of 10−11. I have compared the final results of resistance coefficients with other works and found that, for a repulsive potential, the results are basically the same as others’; for an attractive potential, the results in cases of intermediate and strong coupling show significant differences. The resulting resistance coefficients are tested in the solar model. Comparing with the widely used models of Cox et al. and Thoul et al., the resistance coefficients in the screened Coulomb potential lead to a slightly weaker effect in the solar model, which is contrary to the expectation of attempts to solve the solar abundance problem.
A COUPLED 2 × 2D BABCOCK–LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL. II. REFERENCE DYNAMO SOLUTIONS
Authors: Lemerle Alexandre , Charbonneau Paul
Published: January 2017

In this paper we complete the presentation of a new hybrid 2 × 2D flux transport dynamo (FTD) model of the solar cycle based on the Babcock–Leighton mechanism of poloidal magnetic field regeneration via the surface decay of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs). This hybrid model is constructed by allowing the surface flux transport (SFT) simulation described in Lemerle et al. to provide the poloidal source term to an axisymmetric FTD simulation defined in a meridional plane, which in turn generates the BMRs required by the SFT. A key aspect of this coupling is the definition of an emergence function describing the probability of BMR emergence as a function of the spatial distribution of the internal axisymmetric magnetic field. We use a genetic algorithm to calibrate this function, together with other model parameters, against observed cycle 21 emergence data. We present a reference dynamo solution reproducing many solar cycle characteristics, including good hemispheric coupling, phase relationship between the surface dipole and the BMR-generating internal field, and correlation between dipole strength at cycle maximum and peak amplitude of the next cycle. The saturation of the cycle amplitude takes place through the quenching of the BMR tilt as a function of the internal field. The observed statistical scatter about the mean BMR tilt, built into the model, acts as a source of stochasticity which dominates amplitude fluctuations. The model thus can produce Dalton-like epochs of strongly suppressed cycle amplitude lasting a few cycles and can even shut off entirely following an unfavorable sequence of emergence events.
TIMING OF 29 PULSARS DISCOVERED IN THE PALFA SURVEY
Authors: Lyne A. G. , Stappers B. W. , Bogdanov S. , Ferdman R. D. , Freire P. C. C. , Kaspi V. M. , Knispel B. , Lynch R. , Allen B. , Brazier A. , Camilo F. , Cardoso F. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Crawford F. , Deneva J. S. , Hessels J. W. T. , Jenet F. A. , Lazarus P. , Leeuwen J. van , Lorimer D. R. , Madsen E. , McKee J. , McLaughlin M. A. , Parent E. , Patel C. , Ransom S. M. , Scholz P. , Seymour A. , Siemens X. , Spitler L. G. , Stairs I. H. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. , Wharton R. S. , Zhu W. W. , Aulbert C. , Bock O. , Eggenstein H.-B. , Fehrmann H. , Machenschalk B.
Published: January 2017

We report on the discovery and timing observations of 29 distant long-period pulsars found in the ongoing Arecibo L-band Feed Array pulsar survey. Following discovery with the Arecibo Telescope, confirmation and timing observations of these pulsars over several years at Jodrell Bank Observatory have yielded high-precision positions and measurements of rotation and radiation properties. We have used multi-frequency data to measure the interstellar scattering properties of some of these pulsars. Most of the pulsars have properties that mirror those of the previously known pulsar population, although four show some notable characteristics. PSRs J1907+0631 and J1925+1720 are young and are associated with supernova remnants or plerionic nebulae: J1907+0631 lies close to the center of SNR G40.5−0.5, while J1925+1720 is coincident with a high-energy Fermi γ-ray source. One pulsar, J1932+1500, is in a surprisingly eccentric, 199 day binary orbit with a companion having a minimum mass of 0.33 M
⊙. Several of the sources exhibit timing noise, and two, PSRs J0611+1436 and J1907+0631, have both suffered large glitches, but with very different post-glitch rotation properties. In particular, the rotational period of PSR J0611+1436 will not recover to its pre-glitch value for about 12 years, a far greater recovery timescale than seen following any other large glitches.
SPITZER PHOTOMETRY OF ∼1 MILLION STARS IN M31 AND 15 OTHER GALAXIES*
Authors: Khan Rubab
Published: January 2017

We present Spitzer IRAC 3.6–8 μm and Multiband Imaging Photometer 24 μm point-source catalogs for M31 and 15 other mostly large, star-forming galaxies at distances ∼3.5–14 Mpc, including M51, M83, M101, and NGC 6946. These catalogs contain ∼1 million sources including ∼859,000 in M31 and ∼116,000 in the other galaxies. They were created following the procedures described in Khan et al. through a combination of point-spread function (PSF) fitting and aperture photometry. These data products constitute a resource to improve our understanding of the IR-bright (3.6–24 μm) point-source populations in crowded extragalactic stellar fields and to plan observations with the James Webb Space Telescope.
i-process Nucleosynthesis and Mass Retention Efficiency in He-shell Flash Evolution of Rapidly Accreting White Dwarfs
Authors: Denissenkov Pavel A. , Herwig Falk , Battino Umberto , Ritter Christian , Pignatari Marco , Jones Samuel , Paxton Bill
Published: January 2017

Based on stellar evolution simulations, we demonstrate that rapidly accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in close binary systems are an astrophysical site for the intermediate neutron-capture process. During recurrent and very strong He-shell flashes in the stable H-burning accretion regime H-rich material enters the He-shell flash convection zone.

reactions release enough energy to potentially impact convection, and i process is activated through the

reaction. The H-ingestion flash may not cause a split of the convection zone as it was seen in simulations of He-shell flashes in post-AGB and low-Z asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We estimate that for the production of first-peak heavy elements this site can be of similar importance for galactic chemical evolution as the s-process production by low-mass AGB stars. The He-shell flashes result in the expansion and, ultimately, ejection of the accreted and then i-process enriched material, via super-Eddington-luminosity winds or Roche-lobe overflow. The WD models do not retain any significant amount of the accreted mass, with a He retention efficiency of

depending on mass and convective boundary mixing assumptions. This makes the evolutionary path of such systems to supernova Ia explosion highly unlikely.
Effectiveness of an Eyelid Thermal Pulsation Procedure to Treat Recalcitrant Dry Eye Symptoms After Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Schallhorn Craig S. , Schallhorn Julie M. , Hannan Stephen , Schallhorn Steven C.
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:

To provide an initial retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of a thermal pulsation system to treat intractable patient-reported dye eye symptoms following laser vision correction.

METHODS:

A total of 109 eyes of 57 patients underwent thermal pulsation therapy (LipiFlow; TearScience, Morrisville, NC) for the treatment of dry eye symptoms following laser vision correction. A standardized dry eye questionnaire, the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED II), was administered to all patients before and after thermal pulsation therapy. The primary outcome was patient-reported dry eye symptoms as measured by this questionnaire.

RESULTS:

The mean patient age was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 38 to 60), 70% were female, and the primary refractive procedure was LASIK (n = 91, 83%) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (n = 18, 17%). Patients underwent thermal pulsation therapy at a mean of 40.5 months (IQR: 27.6 to 55.0) after the primary procedure. The mean pre-therapy SPEED II questionnaire score was 17.5 (IQR: 14 to 21), with a reduced mean post-therapy score of 10.2 (IQR: 6 to 14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8 to 11.5,
P
< .001). Patients with PRK tended to report more improvement. At the follow-up clinical evaluation, objective improvements were noted in tear break-up time (+1.9 sec; 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.5), reduction in grade of meibomian gland dysfunction (−0.69; 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.84), and corneal staining (−0.74; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this initial retrospective evaluation, a significant improvement in patient-reported dry eye symptoms was observed following thermal pulsation therapy. This treatment modality may have utility in the management of dry eye symptoms following laser vision correction, but further study is needed to define its role.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(1):30–36.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy With Mitomycin C in Meesmann's Epithelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Ghanem Ramon Coral , Piccinini André Luís , Ghanem Vinícius Coral
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:

To describe a case of Meesmann's epithelial corneal dystrophy that underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin C.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

A 36-year-old woman was evaluated for refractive surgery. She had a history of recurrent epithelial erosions and moderate visual loss over the past 10 years. Biomicroscopy revealed bilateral micro-cystic epithelial lesions and a diagnosis of Meesmann's epithelial corneal dystrophy was proposed. Corneal optical coherence tomography showed epithelial thickening with apparent intraepithelial cysts in the superficial layers. The patient's daughter's examination showed the same biomicroscopy pattern. PRK was performed. Epithelial healing was uneventful and only tiny microcysts could be observed after 3 months. However, complete recurrence of the intraepithelial cysts were observed after 1 year with visual acuity dropping due to residual refractive error.

CONCLUSIONS:

This case suggests that residual refractive error and recurrence of the cystic lesions and punctate erosions should be anticipated after PRK in patients with Meesmann's epithelial corneal dystrophy.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(1):53–55.]
Music and Dance of Ethnic Minorities in Slovenia: National Identity, Exoticism, and the Pitfalls of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Bejtullahu Alma
Published: January 2017

V prispevku je predstavljeno glasbeno in plesno delovanje pripadnic in pripadnikov narodnih manjšin, ki jih sestavljajo Albanci, Bošnjaki, Črnogorci, Hrvati, Makedonci in Srbi v Sloveniji, s katerim želijo izraziti svojo nacionalno pripadnost. K ustvarjanju lastne identitete pristopajo različno: nekateri izmed njih na podlagi neposredne izkušnje ob glasbi in plesu v državi porekla, drugi pa posredno – na podlagi glasbe in plesa, ki temelji na motivih države njihovega porekla. Raziskovanje procesov iskanja in ustvarjanja novih skupnih izkušenj je kompleksno: upošteva subjektivne izkušnje pripadnikov skupnosti, kot so na primer spomini in projekcija prostora, in tudi raziskovalno metodologijo aplikativne etnomuzikologije.
***
This article presents the music and dance activities of members of the Albanian, Bosnian, Croatian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, and Serbian minorities in Slovenia that have chosen to express their ethnic identity through music and dance. They build their identity in various ways: some of them have the experience of music and dance from their countries of origin, whereas their children have this experience indirectly. Researching processes of creating new common experiences is complex: it addresses the individual experiences of community members, such as their memories and place projections, and it includes methods of applied ethnomusicology.
Tipificación de Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. (Compositae, Cichorieae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. P. , Talavera S.
Published: January 2017

Se discute la tipificación del nombre Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. in Unif. Calif. Public. Bot. 19: 403 (1941) [≡ Hieracium sanctum L., Cent. Pl. II: 30 (1756), basiónimo] (Compositae, Cichorieae). La designación del correspondiente tipo está basada en la consulta del material original de Linneo y la bibliografía citada en el respectivo protólogo. El material original conservado en LINN (Herbario de Linneo en la Sociedad Linneana de Londres) es designado como el lectótipo.
Centaurea inexpugnabilis, una nueva especie de la sección Acrocentron para la flora ibérica
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. P. , Roselló R. , Mansanet-Salvador C. J. , Gómez J. , Totta C. , Laguna E. , Peris J. B.
Published: January 2017

Se describe una nueva especie para el género Centaurea L. (sect. Acrocentron, Asteraceae): C. inexpugnabilis, sp. nov. Esta planta ha sido localizada al pie de los Mallos de Riglos (Riglos, Huesca) y su distribución se circunscribe por el momento al cuadrante nororiental de la península ibérica. Junto a su descripción y diagnosis, se aporta una lámina y varias tablas con los principales caracteres diagnósticos que la diferencian de las especies más próximas.
Sobre la taxonomía y la nomenclatura de Achillea ceretanica (Asteraceae), y su relación con otro microtaxon del agregado de A. millefolium
Authors: Soriano I.
Published: January 2017

Se propone el estatus de especie y la combinación nomenclatural correspondiente para Achillea ceretanica, taxon diploide del agregado de A. millefolium endémico de los Pirineos orientales. Se refuta la sinonimización de A. monticola Martrin-Donos con A. ceretanica por ser la primera una estirpe octoploide del agregado netamente diferenciada de la anterior, y se aporta información sobre la distribución, ecología y frecuencia de ambas.
Weighted noncommutative regular projective curves
Authors: Kussin Dirk
Published: January 2017

Let

\mathcal H

be a noncommutative regular projective curve over a perfect field

k

. We study global and local properties of the Auslander–Reiten translation

\tau

and give an explicit description of the complete local rings, with the involvement of

\tau

. We introduce the

\tau

-multiplicity

e_{\tau}(x)

, the order of

\tau

as a functor restricted to the tube concentrated in

x

. We obtain a local-global principle for the (global) skewness

s(\mathcal H)

, defined as the square root of the dimension of the function (skew-) field over its centre. In the case of genus zero we show how the ghost group, that is, the group of automorphisms of

\mathcal H

which fix all objects, is determined by the points

x

with

e_{\tau}(x) > 1

. Based on work of Witt we describe the noncommutative regular (smooth) projective curves over the real numbers; those with

s(\mathcal H)=2

we call Witt curves. In particular, we study noncommutative elliptic curves, and present an elliptic Witt curve which is a noncommutative Fourier–Mukai partner of the Klein bottle. If

\mathcal H

is weighted, our main result will be formulae for the orbifold Euler characteristic, involving the weights and the

\tau

-multiplicities. As an application we will classify the noncommutative 2-orbifolds of nonnegative Euler characteristic, that is, the real elliptic, domestic and tubular curves. Throughout, many explicit examples are discussed.
Koszul–Morita duality
Authors: Chuang Joseph , Lazarev Andrey , Mannan Wajid
Published: January 2017

We construct a generalization of Koszul duality in the sense of Keller–Lefèvre for not necessarily augmented algebras. This duality is closely related to classical Morita duality and specializes to it in certain cases.
A-Posteriori Error Estimates for Uniform p-Version Finite Element Methods in Square
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Yang Danping , Liu Yujie
Published: January 2017

In this work, the a-posteriori error indicator with an explicit formula for p-version finite element methods in square is investigated, and its reliable and efficient properties are deduced. Especially, this a-posteriori error indicator is determined by the right hand itemof themodel. We reformulate this a-posteriori error indicator with finite coefficients, which can be easily calculated during applications.
The Motion of a Neutrally Buoyant Ellipsoid Inside Square Tube Flows
Authors: Yang Xin , Huang Haibo , Lu Xiyun
Published: January 2017

The motion and rotation of an ellipsoidal particle inside square tubes and rectangular tubes with the confinement ratio R/a∈(1.0,4.0) are studied by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), where R and a are the radius of the tube and the semi-major axis length of the ellipsoid, respectively. The Reynolds numbers (Re) up to 50 are considered. For the prolate ellipsoid inside square and rectangular tubes, three typical stable motion modes which depend on R/a are identified, namely, the kayaking mode, the tumbling mode, and the log-rolling mode are identified for the prolate spheroid. The diagonal plane strongly attracts the particle in square tubes with 1.2≤R/a<3.0. To explore the mechanism, some constrained cases are simulated. It is found that the tumbling mode in the diagonal plane is stable because the fluid force acting on the particle tends to diminish the small displacement and will bring it back to the plane. Inside rectangular tubes the particle will migrate to a middle plane between short walls instead of the diagonal plane. Through the comparisons between the initial unstable equilibrium motion state and terminal stable mode, it is seems that the particle tend to adopt the mode with smaller kinetic energy.
Evidence for renoxification in the tropical marine boundary layer
Authors: Reed Chris , Evans Mathew J. , Crilley Leigh R. , Bloss William J. , Sherwen Tomás , Read Katie A. , Lee James D. , Carpenter Lucy J.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We present two years of NOx observations from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory located in the tropical Atlantic boundary layer. We find NOx mixing ratios peak around solar noon (at 20–30 pptV depending on season), which is counter to box model simulations that show a midday minimum due to OH conversion of NO2 to HNO3. Production of NOx via decomposition of organic nitrogen species and the photolysis of HNO3 appear insufficient to provide the observed noon-time maximum. A rapid photolysis of nitrate aerosol to produce HONO and NO2, however, is able to simulate the observed diurnal cycle. This would make it the dominant source of NOx at this remote marine boundary layer site overturning the previous paradigm of transport of organic nitrogen species such as PAN being the dominant source. We show that observed mixing ratios (Nov–Dec 2015) of HONO at Cape Verde (~ 2.5 pptV peak at solar noon) are consistent with this route for NOx production. Reactions between the nitrate radical and halogen hydroxides which have been postulated in the literature appear to improve the box model simulation. This rapid conversion of aerosol phase nitrate to NOx changes our perspective of the NOx cycling chemistry in the tropical marine boundary layer, suggesting a more chemically complex environment than previously thought.
Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis
Authors: Theys Nicolas , De Smedt Isabelle , Yu Huan , Danckaert Thomas , van Gent Jeroen , Hörmann Christoph , Wagner Thomas , Hedelt Pascal , Bauer Heiko , Romahn Fabian , Pedergnana Mattia , Loyola Diego , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) platform will measure ultraviolet earthshine radiances at high spectral and improved spatial resolution (pixel size of 7 km  ×  3.5 km at nadir) compared to its predecessors OMI and GOME-2. This paper presents the sulfur dioxide (SO2) vertical column retrieval algorithm implemented in the S-5P operational processor UPAS (Universal Processor for UV/VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) and comprehensively describes its various retrieval steps. The spectral fitting is performed using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method including multiple fitting windows to cope with the large range of atmospheric SO2 columns encountered. It is followed by a slant column background correction scheme to reduce possible biases or across-track-dependent artifacts in the data. The SO2 vertical columns are obtained by applying air mass factors (AMFs) calculated for a set of representative a priori profiles and accounting for various parameters influencing the retrieval sensitivity to SO2. Finally, the algorithm includes an error analysis module which is fully described here. We also discuss verification results (as part of the algorithm development) and future validation needs of the TROPOMI SO2 algorithm.
Intensity of geodynamic processes in the Lithuanian part of the Curonian Spit
Authors: Česnulevičius Algimantas , Morkūnaitė Regina , Bautrėnas Artūras , Bevainis Linas , Ovoda Donatas
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The paper considers conditions and intensity of aeolian and dune slope transformation processes occurring in the wind-blown sand strips of the dunes of the Curornian Spit. An assessment of the intensity of aeolian processes was made based on the analysis of climatic factors and in-situ observations. Transformations in aeolian relief forms were investigated based on the comparison of geodetic measurements and measurements of aerial photographs. Changes in micro-terraces of dune slopes were investigated through comparison of the results of repeated levelling and measurements of aerial photographs. The periods of weak, medium and strong winds were distinguished, and sand moisture fluctuations affecting the beginning of aeolian processes were investigated. The wind-blown sand movements were found to start when sand moisture decreased by 2 % in the surface sand layer and by up to 5 % at a depth of 10 cm. In 2004–2016, the wind-blown sand movements affected the size of reference deflation relief forms: scarp length by 8 %, scarp width by 35 %, pothole length by 80 %, pothole width by 80 %, roll length by 17 %, roll width by 18 %, hollow length by 17 %, and hollow width by 39 %. The elementary relief forms in the leeward eastern slopes of the dunes experienced the most intensive transformations. During a period of five months, the height of micro-terraces of the eastern slope of the Parnidis Dune changed from 0.05 to 0.64 cm. The change was related with fluctuations in precipitation intensity: in July–August 2016 the amount of precipitation increased 1.6-fold compared with the multiannual average, thus causing the change in the position of terrace ledges by 21 %.
Carbon-nitrogen interactions in idealized simulations with JSBACH
(version 3.10)
Authors: Goll Daniel S. , Winkler Alexander J. , Raddatz Thomas , Dong Ning , Prentice Ian Colin , Ciais Philippe , Brovkin Victor
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Recent advances in the representation of soil carbon decomposition (Goll et al., 2015) and carbon-nitrogen interactions (Parida, 2011; Goll et al., 2012) implemented previously into separate versions of the land surface scheme JSBACH are here combined in a single version which is set to be used in the upcoming 6th phase of coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6) (Eyring et al., 2016). Here we demonstrate that the new version of JSBACH is able to reproduce the spatial variability in the reactive nitrogen loss pathways as derived from a compilation of δ15N data (r=.63, RMSE=.26, Taylor score=.81). The inclusion of carbon-nitrogen interactions leads to a moderate reduction (−10 %) of the carbon-concentration feedback (βL) and has a negligible effect on the sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to warming (γL) compared to the same version of the model without carbon-nitrogen interactions in idealized simulations (1 % increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide per yr). In line with evidence from elevated carbon dioxide manipulation experiments (Shi et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2016), pronounced nitrogen scarcity is alleviated by (1) the accumulation of nitrogen due to enhanced nitrogen inputs by biological nitrogen fixation and reduced losses by leaching and volatilization as well as the (2) enhanced turnover of organic nitrogen. The strengths of the land carbon feedbacks of the recent version of JSBACH, with βL=0.61 Pg ppm−1 and γL=−27.5 Pg °C−1, are 34 % and 53 % less than the averages of CMIP5 models (Arora et al., 2013), although the CMIP5 version of JSBACH simulated βL and γL which are 59 % and 42 % higher than multi-model average. These changes are primarily due to the new decomposition model, stressing the importance of getting the basics right (here: the decomposition of soil carbon) before increasing the complexity of the model (here: carbon-nitrogen interactions).
Evolution of Vegetation System in Heihe River Basin in the last 2000 years
Authors: Li Shoubo , Zhao Yan , Wei Yongping , Zeng Hang
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The response of vegetation system to the long-term changes in climate, hydrology, and social-economy in a river basin is critical for sustainable river basin management. This study aims to investigate the evolution of natural and crop vegetation systems in Heihe River Basin (HRB) over the past 2000 years. Archived Landsat images were applied to derive vegetation spatial extent and biomass for 1987 to 2015. The area and biomass of the vegetation before 1987 were reconstructed based on previous research results the derived relationship between the vegetation biomass and climatic and hydrological variables in the last 30 years with instrumental data. The key findings are: 1) both natural and crop vegetation have gone three development stages: Pre-development stage (before 1949), rapid development stage (1949–2000), and post-development stage (after 2000); 2) there was a much faster increase of crop biomass than that of native vegetation since 1949, and 3) the ratio of natural vegetation to crop vegetation decreased from 16 at Yuan Dynasty to at about 2.2 since 2005. This ratio represents the land and water development at river basin at changing climate and social-economy, it could be used as an indicator to plan the objective or examine the outcome of water and land management at river basin.
Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North
Authors: Cherry Jessica E. , Knapp Corrie , Trainor Sarah , Ray Andrea J. , Tedesche Molly , Walker Susan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Unlike much of the contiguous United States, new hydropower development continues in the Far North, where climate models project precipitation will likely increase over the next century. Regional complexities in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, such as glacier recession and permafrost thaw, however, introduce uncertainties about the hydrologic responses to climate change that impact water resource management. This work reviews hydroclimate changes in the Far North and their impacts on hydropower; it provides a template for application of current techniques for prediction and estimating uncertainty, and it describes best practices for integrating science into management and decision-making. The growing number of studies on hydrologic impacts suggests that information resulting from climate change science has matured enough that it can and should be integrated into hydropower scoping, design, and management. Continuing to ignore the best available information in lieu of status quo planning is likely to prove costly to society in the long term.
Medium-term dynamics of a Middle Adriatic barred beach
Authors: Postacchini Matteo , Soldini Luciano , Lorenzoni Carlo , Mancinelli Alessandro
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In the recent years, attention has been paid to beach protection by means of soft and hard defenses. Along the Italian coasts of the Adriatic Sea, sandy beaches are the most common landscapes and around 70 % of the Marche-Region coasts (central Adriatic), is protected by defense structures. The longest free-from-obstacle nearshore area in the region includes the beach of Senigallia, characterized by a multiple barred beach, frequently monitored during the last decades. The bathymetries surveyed in 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 show long-term stability, confirmed by a good adaptation of an analyzed stretch of the beach to the Dean-type equilibrium profile, though a strong short-/medium-term variability of the wave climate has been observed during the monitored periods. This suggests a slight influence of wave forcing on the long-term profiles, which seems to only depend on the sediment size. Further, the medium-term dynamics of the submerged bars and their geometric features have been related to the wave climate collected, during the analyzed temporal windows, by a wave buoy located 40 km off Senigallia. An overall interpretation of the complete dynamics, i.e. hydrodynamics (buoy data), sediment characteristics (equilibrium-profile A parameter) and morphodynamics (bathymetric surveys), suggests that the wave climate is fundamental for the morphodynamic changes of the beach in the medium term: waves coming from NNE/ESE, characterized by a larger/smaller steepness and by a larger/smaller relative wave height, induce seaward/shoreward bar migration, as well as bar smoothing/steepening. Moving southeastward, the bar dimension increases, while the equilibrium profile shape suggests the adaptation to a decreasing sediment size in the submerged beach. This is probably due to the presence of both the harbor jetty and river mouth North of the investigated area.
On the meridional ageostrophic transport in the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Fu Yao , Karstensen Johannes , Brandt Peter
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The meridional Ekman volume, heat and salt transport across two trans-Atlantic sections near 14.5° N and 11° S were estimated using wind products, in-situ observations, and model data. A meridional ageostrophic velocity was obtained as the difference between the directly measured total velocity and the geostrophic velocity derived from observations. Wave-like structures exist in the ageostrophic velocity with 60–80 m vertical scale and large horizontal coherence, which are likely associated with near-inertial waves. The meridional Ekman transport estimated by integrating the ageostrophic velocity was 6.2 ± 2.3 Sv northward at 14.5° N and 11.7 ± 2.1 Sv southward at 11° S, which agrees well with the predictions from in-situ wind stress data of 6.7 ± 3.5 Sv at 14.5° N and 13.6 ± 3.3 Sv at 11° S. The top of the pycnocline well represents the penetration depth of the Ekman currents at both sections, which was typically 20 m deeper than the local mixed layer depth. We observed that in the meridional Ekman heat and salt flux calculation, using only the sea surface temperature and salinity data had a negligible impact on the resulting fluxes compared to using temperature and salinity profile data covering the Ekman layer. The errors in the Ekman heat and salt flux calculation were dominated by the uncertainty in the Ekman volume transport estimates.
A Systems Model Comparing Australian and Chinese HRM Education
Authors: Davidson Paul , Tsakissiris Jane , Guo Yuanyuan
Published: January 2017

This paper compares HR education in Australia and in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It explores implications for learning design in graduate HRM education in an increasingly globalised world. Beginning with a discussion of the HR profession and the competencies demanded for HR professionals and their accreditation, the paper takes an open systems perspective to argue that to provide optimal HR education (the transformation process) for the HR graduate (the product output) requires resource inputs from academe, from professional associations, and from industry. HR education comprises topics in the theory and process of HRM, general business knowledge and skills, and pedagogy that extends to industry experience and assessment and reporting. A comparison of Australian and Chinese curricula indicates similarities in terms of approximate programme weightings of general business units, core HRM, and elective units. It is recommended that curriculum design take into account the need to remain research-based academically yet industry-focused, in the context of an international workplace. A key to this is the collaborative input by academe, regulators, professional associations, and industry. The content and process is examined, with implications for education design.    