bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Study of a Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Periodical Fluctuation of Bio-Inspired Banded Fins
Authors: Wang Chonglei , Liu Qihang , Yang Junhao , Guo Chunyu
Published: February 2025

A bio-inspired vehicle with banded fin fluctuation as the propulsion mode is the research topic. However, this propulsion mode suffers from low efficiency and requires the urgent resolution of other issues. In this paper, the kinematic model of the banded fin surface and the numerical calculation model for its hydrodynamic performance are established based on the long dorsal fin propelled by MPF (Media and/or Paired Fin propulsion) mode. Through numerical simulation, the hydrodynamic performance of the banded fin under typical working conditions is explored and its propulsion mechanism is analyzed. By using a method of controlling variables, such as wave number, swing angle, and frequency, where only one independent variable is changed at a time while the others remain constant, the impact on thrust coefficient function and the obtained periodic variation laws governing hydrodynamic performance are studied. Oscillatory thrust is generated by the fin’s motion, where it first captures water through a ‘scoop’ motion and then expels it via a diagonal ‘push’ motion, producing thrust. Due to limitations in fin length and varying oscillation shapes, the effective water-pushing stroke differs, leading to variations in work and creating periodic oscillatory forces. When the variable is the oscillation frequency, the propulsion efficiency of the oscillating fins remains nearly constant when the oscillation frequency is less than or equal to 1 Hz. However, when the oscillation frequency exceeds 1 Hz, the propulsion efficiency decreases as the oscillation frequency increases, and the rate of decrease gradually slows down. The effect of leading-edge suction on hydrodynamic performance was studied by varying the oscillating fin’s angle of attack. The results showed that, compared to the unchamfered configuration, the forward chamfer better utilizes vortex energy, reducing input power and significantly improving propulsion efficiency. Guided by both numerical simulations and experimental results, we design and manufacture a prototype of an underwater banded fin bio-inspired propeller that encompasses shape modeling, mechanical structure design, and control mechanism design. We conduct real water tests to verify feasibility and reliability in terms of forward movement, backward movement, and turning ability, among others. Furthermore, we analyze how varying angle of attack or optimizing front/rear edge shapes can effectively enhance hydrodynamic performance.
HPV and Male Cancer: Pathogenesis, Prevention and Impact
Authors: Patra Soumendu , Shand Harshita , Ghosal Sayan , Ghorai Suvankar
Published: February 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses significant public health issues for both men and women. Recent studies have brought attention to the substantial impact of HPV-linked cancers in men despite historically focusing more on its effects on women. It was revealed that in 2019, HPV was the root cause of approximately 70,000 cancer cases in men. Modes of transmission for HPV include sexual contact, encompassing various practices such as vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse, as well as the use of sexual devices. Moreover, HPV-associated cancers are becoming increasingly common in men, with anal, penile, and oral cancers being the most prevalent. Although the human body can clear HPV infection in about 90% of cases, it’s crucial to take preventive measures to lower the risk of transmission and developing cancer. Using condoms, quitting smoking, and male circumcision are identified as essential factors in preventing HPV among heterosexual couples. However, the most promising preventive measure is HPV vaccination. There are ongoing discussions regarding its protective efficacy and cost-effectiveness; vaccinating boys before their sexual debut presents a compelling rationale. The existing literature primarily focuses on HPV-linked cancer in women and lacks a comprehensive review of the development and prevention methods specifically related to HPV-related cancers in men. This review strives to bridge this gap by offering a detailed overview of HPV-linked cancers in males, particularly anal, penile, and head & neck cancer. It will cover important aspects of prevention and treatment strategies to provide valuable information for public health initiatives and clinical practice.
NTRK Gene Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gutierrez-Herrera Jair , Montero-Fernandez M. Angeles , Kokaraki Georgia , Petris Luigi De , Maia Falcão Raul , Molina-Centelles Manuel , Guijarro Ricardo , Ekman Simon , Ortiz-Villalón Cristian
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Since the discovery of oncogenic neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusions in colorectal cancer in 1986, their understanding has evolved, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past five years. NTRK rearrangements, involving NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, drive tumorigenesis and have been identified in various adult and pediatric cancers, with over 80 different fusion variants in several type of cancers. Detecting these rearrangements is crucial for targeted therapy strategies. The aim of this study is detect, compare and analyse these mutations in NSCLC patients of a cohort of 482 cases from Karolinska University Hospital. Methods: We conducted an initial screening using pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze the material. Positive cases were further examined through whole-exome sequencing (WES) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to confirm the presence of fusions. Additionally, to deepen our understanding, we utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, an artificial intelligence-driven technology, to explore the molecular pathways involved in lung cancer. Results: TRK overexpression was detected in 4.56% of cases via IHC. Among 15 pan-TRK-positive cases, WES confirmed fusions in 3, revealing a higher prevalence of NTRK1 (6.6%) and NTRK2 (13.3%) fusions, while no NTRK3 fusions were observed. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the low prevalence of these neoplasms as well as the need for a molecular test to confirm rearrangements or other potentially treatable mutations and raise other questions regarding their clinical use. However, there is an acceptable correlation between pan-TRK IHC and NTRK mutations, but not enough to determine NTRK fusions.
Addressing the Paradox of Food and Health in Mexico: A Landscape Urbanism Approach
Authors: Pantoja-Calderon Rodrigo , Garcia-Cejudo Diana , Roggema Rob
Published: February 2025

A significant segment of the inhabitants in Mexico have a high rate of malnutrition and obesity, especially in impoverished and segregated areas. This study analyzes the paradox of food swamps, food availability, and food’s ecological footprint to promote the creation of community gardens in Querétaro. This paper is segmented into four sections. It starts by recording the omnipresence of the Mexican chain “OXXO” convenience stores, which offer mainly processed foods. The second segment of the research depicts the miles traveled by Mexican crops to visualize their carbon footprint. The third portion explores the impact of urban agriculture in the 20th century on cities. The final section proposes designing and implementing community gardens in two marginalized neighborhoods (Tlacote and San Antonio–Bolaños) in Querétaro, Mexico, to foster healthier, more sustainable neighborhoods. The findings corroborate a soaring number of unhealthy food stores, elevated carbon footprints related to food production, and a community request for urban agriculture, including the regeneration of community public areas. The research emphasizes the impact of landscape urbanism, especially community gardens, to foster social, urban, and environmental regeneration. The study provides a scheme for advocating healthier lifestyles and more sustainable urban environments by focusing on food distribution, ecological services, and community engagement.
Mechanical and Failure Behavior of Soft-Hard Composite Rock with Three Parallel Joints Under Uniaxial Loading: Insights Based on AE and DIC Techniques
Authors: Yang Chaoyi , Li Su , Feng Xinglong , Wu Lianrong , Lin Hang
Published: February 2025

Jointed soft-hard composite rocks are frequently encountered in nature, and this complex structure contributes to unpredictable fracturing mechanisms and failure behavior. In this study, soft-hard composite rocks with three joints were fabricated to conduct a uniaxial loading experiment, supplemented by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Acoustic Emission (AE) experiments. The results indicate that the mechanical parameters display a V-shape variation trend with the increase of joint angle, which minimized at 30°. The peak strength ranges from 33.48 MPa to 44.93 MPa. The failure characteristics change from tensile failure to shear failure and finally to intact failure. According to the displacement curves on both sides of the crack, the initiation of wing cracks is driven by the direct tensile displacement field and indirect tensile displacement field for specimens with joint angles of 0–30° and 75–90°, respectively. While the crack initiation from joint tips corresponding to specimens with a joint angle of 45–60° is controlled by direct and indirect tensile displacement fields. Wherein the cracks initiate from the coplanar joint in the hard layer, driven by the indirect tensile displacement field, and the cracks expanding upward from other joint tips are more susceptible to the indirect tensile displacement field.
Characterization of Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Performances and UV Ageing Degradation of Post-Consumer Recycled Polypropylene for Automotive Industries
Authors: Arese Matilde , Cavallo Beatrice , Ciaccio Gabriele , Brunella Valentina
Published: February 2025

Considering the increasing use of plastics in vehicles, the need for sustainable management is becoming a matter of concern. The reintroduction of plastic originated from post-consumer waste in the vehicle manufacturing loop can also be a solution to meet the recent EU ELVs (end-of-life vehicles) legislation in terms of sustainability. This study focuses on post-consumer polypropylene (PP) compounds destined for automotive applications by assessing their morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used. Since the ageing of these materials, caused by the thermo-oxidative degradation process, may compromise their performances, a comprehensive study of their behavior, in comparison to the virgin compound counterpart, was necessary to evaluate the fossil replacement possibility. Furthermore, an additional investigation was conducted after subjecting the materials to UV ageing in order to simulate the degradation effect of solar radiation, with the aim of determining the suitability of the recycled materials in long-term applications. In summary, the results support the feasibility of using recycled post-consumer materials mixed with virgin grade in automotive production, highlighting the stability of thermal and mechanical properties, critical for efficient manufacturing. This research underlines the noteworthy progress in the circularity of automotive plastics, providing a sustainable solution for integrating plastic material waste into new vehicle production.
A Bi-Level Programming-Based Method for Service Composition Optimization of Collaborative Manufacturing of Sewing Machine Cases
Authors: Shi Gan , Liu Shanhui , Shi Keqiang , Zhu Langze , Gao Zhenjie , Zhang Jiayue
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the problem of optimizing the composition of manufacturing resources in part-level outsourcing of sewing machine case manufacturing, this paper proposes a service composition optimization method based on bi-level programming. We analyze the structure and production process of sewing machine cases, determine the required service composition of manufacturing resources, and establish the evaluation indicator system of manufacturing service composition in line with the interests of multiple parties. We also introduce the idea of bi-level programming, construct the optimization model of manufacturing service composition of sewing machine cases based on bi-level planning, analyze the characteristics of NSGA-Ⅱ (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) algorithm and the improvement strategy, and complete the solution of the optimization model of manufacturing service composition of sewing machine cases. The experimental results show that the composition optimization method and the algorithm improvement strategy can well solve the bi-level programming model of sewing machine cases in the case of complex feature information and avoid falling into the local optimal solution.
Evaluation of Motorcycles’ Handling and Stability Under Slalom Conditions
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Yan Yan , Liu Jianjun , Liu Xu , Zhang Lipeng , Shi Chuntao
Published: February 2025

Handling and stability are crucial performance characteristics of motorcycles. However, handling and stability are always in opposition, which leads to difficulty in evaluating the comprehensive performance of a motorcycle. This article proposes an evaluation indicator to assess the comprehensive handling and stability performance of different motorcycles based on slalom experiments. We first confirmed differences in ‘roll factors’ among different motorcycles through slalom simulation. Subsequently, we proposed an evaluation index that took rider factors into account through experimental research. Finally, an objective evaluation based on a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method was conducted. The result indicates a high degree of consistency between the normalized objective evaluation and subjective evaluation of different motorcycles.
Development and Research of the MOCVD Cleaning Robot
Authors: Ren Yibo , Dong Zengwen
Published: February 2025

With the wide application of the gallium nitride (GaN) preparation method based on Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), the automation of MOCVD equipment has become a research hotspot. This paper explores the automation scheme of MOCVD reaction chamber cleaning to improve productivity and reduce labor costs. Firstly, this paper establishes the kinematic solution model of a MOCVD cleaning robot and designs the cleaning robot path planning control algorithm. Considering the error between the initial position of the robot end-effector and the desired initial position in practical applications, this paper further designs a fault-tolerant motion planning algorithm for the initial position error. The simulation results show that the method can effectively reduce the initial position error and make it converge exponentially to zero. Finally, this paper builds the robot control system of the cleaning system and verifies the cleaning effect through tests. The test results show that the system can meet the actual use requirements and realize the reaction chamber cleaning automation goal.
Design and Analysis of a Portable Robot for Venous Blood Sampling
Authors: Xue Haoran , Han Hasiaoqier , Man Gang , Feng Zeran , Yu Peng , Xu Zhenbang
Published: February 2025

Venous blood sampling is a common procedure in medical diagnosis and treatment. However, the stationary manual blood sampling method in current use not only requires human resources but also is inconvenient for elderly persons and patients with limited mobility. To address this issue, this paper proposes a portable robot for venous blood sampling that features a 6-P-RR-R-RR horizontal parallel mechanism in its main structure. This design is better adapted to the shape of the human arm than previous robots, with an offset RR-hinge structure to increase the mechanism’s workspace. The introduction of offset hinge variables makes the kinematic solution more complex than that for conventional parallel mechanisms. This paper uses the kinematic constraint characteristics of the offset hinge to establish a kinematic model of the parallel mechanism, and the Newton–Raphson numerical iterative method is used to perform the computation. The kinematic model and its solutions are verified using kinematics simulation. The robot’s workspace is validated through special pose calculations and simulations to ensure that it meets the required specifications. A test system was built, and the accuracy of the parallel mechanism’s motion was verified.
Design and Testing of a Portable Wireless Multi-Node sEMG System for Synchronous Muscle Signal Acquisition and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Li Chaoxin , Liu Xiaoman , Tong Yao , Liu Chang , Guo Kai
Published: February 2025

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is an important non-invasive method used in muscle function assessment, rehabilitation and human–machine interaction. However, existing commercial devices often lack sufficient channels, making it challenging to simultaneously acquire signals from multiple muscle sites.In this acticle, we design a portable multi-node sEMG acquisition system based on the TCP protocol to overcome the channel limitations of commercial sEMG detection devices. The system employs the STM32L442KCU6 microcontroller as the main control unit, with onboard ADC for analog-to-digital conversion of sEMG signals. Data filtered by analogy filter is transmitted via an ESP8266 WiFi module to the host computer for display and storage. By configuring Bluetooth broadcasting channels, the system can support up to 40 sEMG detection nodes. A gesture recognition algorithm is implemented to identify grasping motions with varying channel configurations. Experimental results demonstrate that with two channels, the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm achieves a recognition accuracy of 99.4%, effectively detecting grasping motions.
Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Microbial Disinfection
Authors: Jeon Jinyoung , Kang Donghyeon , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: February 2025

The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pivotal role of microbial disinfection technologies, driving the demand for innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions. Triboelectric technology, known for efficiently converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, has emerged as a promising candidate to address these needs. Self-powered electro-based microbial disinfection using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has emerged as a promising solution. TENGs have demonstrated effective disinfection capabilities in various settings, including water, air, surfaces, and wounds. This review explores the advancements in TENG-based microbial disinfection, highlighting its mechanisms and applications. By utilizing triboelectric technology, it provides comprehensive insights into the development of sustainable and efficient solutions for microbial control across diverse environments.
One-Step Fabrication of Microfluidic Channels in Polydimethylsiloxane: Influence of Laser Power on Channel Formation
Authors: Kim Seong-Yeop , Son Han-Byeol , Lim Hyo-Ryoung
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in microfluidic technologies have revolutionized their applications, particularly in drug monitoring, continuous biochemical analysis, and real-time physiological assessments. However, the fabrication of microfluidic devices with precise flow control remains constrained by either cost-prohibitive photolithography processes or limited-precision 3D printing techniques. In this study, we propose a one-step fabrication method employing picosecond laser processing to directly create microfluidic channels in (PDMS). This method achieves micron-scale channel precision while significantly simplifying the fabrication process and reducing costs. This approach eliminates the need for additional encapsulation steps, further reducing contamination risks and improving production scalability. These findings highlight the potential of this fabrication method to advance next-generation wearable biochemical devices and personalized healthcare technologies.
N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Degrading Bacillus sp. Improves the Survival of Penaeus vannamei Larvae Challenged with Vibrio harveyi
Authors: González Reinaldo , Cabrera Héctor , Niu Yufeng , Roncarati Alessandra , Toledo Adrian , Corrales Yulaine , Quevedo Yanelis , Galosi Livio , Bossier Peter , Arenal Amilcar
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to isolate AHL-degrading bacteria from the intestine of Penaeus vannamei and evaluate their ability to control pathogenic Vibrio harveyi in P. vannamei larvae. Twenty-seven isolates were obtained from the digestive tract of healthy Pacific white shrimp juveniles (P. vannamei) after six cycles of pasteurization at 70 °C, but only three isolates (E1LP2, E2LP1, and E2LP2) could degrade AHL. The 16S sequence results gave a high identity (>95%) with Bacillus sp. The isolates exhibited quorum-quenching abilities by degrading AHLs, thereby disrupting Vibrio quorum sensing and virulence. In Zoea and Mysis, the challenged larvae plus the administration of E1LP2 resulted in the lowest survival compared to the other groups. Isolates degrading N-acyl homoserine lactone improved the survival of shrimp Zoea and Mysis larvae when challenged with pathogenic V. harveyi. This is the first report on the use of quorum-sensing disrupter bacteria in P. vannamei larval shrimp culture. Our findings suggest that these Bacillus spp. strains have potential as biocontrol agents for sustainable shrimp aquaculture, reducing the reliance on antibiotics while mitigating vibriosis outbreaks.
Human Toxocariasis: Presenting a Case Report of Eosinophilic Myocarditis Associated with Toxocara canis Infection and a Literature Review
Authors: Nikopoulou Anna , Sideras Lazaros , Peristeri Athanasia Marina , Ligda Panagiota , Akritidou Olympia , Sotiraki Smaragda
Published: February 2025

Toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by ascarid nematodes of dogs (Toxocara canis) or cats (Toxocara cati). Transmission to humans can occur in various ways, most commonly through the ingestion of infective embryonated eggs in soil or on vegetables or fruits and less frequently through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat contaminated with larvae. The disease manifestations span a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic seropositivity to severe systemic complications including sepsis and septic shock, with the presentation varying according to the affected organ systems. Cardiac involvement is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and consists of myocarditis, pericarditis or Loeffler’s endocarditis (eosinophilic myocarditis). We present a case of eosinophilic myocarditis associated with Toxocara canis infection in a 54-year-old woman living in a rural area near the forest and provide a brief review of the literature.
Integration of Conductive SnO2 in Binary Organic Solar Cells with Fine-Tuned Nanostructured D18:L8-BO with Low Energy Loss for Efficient and Stable Structure by Optoelectronic Simulation
Authors: Boudia Mohamed El Amine , Zhao Cunlu
Published: February 2025

Enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential for achieving sustainability in energy production. This study presents an innovative strategy that involves fine-tuning the thickness of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer at the nanoscale to improve efficiency. The organic blend D18:L8-BO is utilized to capture a wide range of photons while addressing the challenge of minimizing optical losses from low-energy photons. The research incorporates SnO2 and ZnO as electron transport layers (ETLs), with PMMA functioning as a hole transport layer (HTL). A comprehensive analysis of photon absorption, charge carrier generation, localized energy fluctuations, and thermal stability reveals their critical role in enhancing the efficiency of D18:L8-BO active films. Notably, introducing SnO2 as an ETL significantly decreased losses and modified localized energy, achieving an impressive efficiency of 19.85% at an optimized blend thickness of 50 nm with low voltage loss (ΔVoc) of 0.4 V within a Jsc of 28 mA cm−2 by performing an optoelectronic simulation employing “Oghma-Nano 8.1.015” software. In addition, the SnO2-based structure conserved 88% of the PCE at 350 K compared to room temperature PCE, which describes the high thermal stability of this structure. These results demonstrate the potential of this methodology in improving the performance of OSCs.
Recent Advancements in the Development of HDAC/Tubulin Dual-Targeting Inhibitors
Authors: Tran Christine , Hamze Abdallah
Published: February 2025

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have become one of the main targets in cancer therapy due to their involvement in various biological processes, including gene regulation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Microtubules, as key elements of the cell cytoskeleton, also represent important therapeutic targets in anticancer drugs research. These proteins are involved in diverse cellular functions, especially mitosis, cell signaling, and intracellular trafficking. With the emergence of multi-target therapy during the last decades, the combination of HDAC and tubulin inhibitors has been envisioned as a practical approach for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor molecules. HDAC/tubulin dual-targeting inhibitors offer the advantages of the synergistic action of both compounds, along with a significant decrease in their respective toxicities and drug resistance. This review will detail the major recent advancements in the development of HDAC/tubulin dual inhibitors over the last decade and their impact on anticancer drugs discovery.
Harnessing Gasotransmitters to Combat Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Munteanu Constantin , Galaction Anca Irina , Onose Gelu , Turnea Marius , Rotariu Mariana
Published: February 2025

Age-related oxidative stress is a critical factor in vascular dysfunction, contributing to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, which exacerbates vascular aging through cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and arterial stiffness. Gasotransmitters—hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO)—are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for counteracting these processes. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies focusing on the mechanisms by which H2S, NO, and CO influence vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function. Therapeutic strategies involving exogenous gasotransmitter delivery systems and combination therapies were analyzed. H2S enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics, scavenges ROS, and activates antioxidant pathways. NO improves endothelial function, promotes vasodilation, and inhibits platelet aggregation. CO exhibits cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating heme oxygenase activity and ROS production. In preclinical studies, gasotransmitter-releasing molecules (e.g., NaHS, SNAP, CORMs) and targeted delivery systems show significant promise. Synergistic effects with lifestyle modifications and antioxidant therapies further enhance their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, gasotransmitters hold significant promise as therapeutic agents to combat age-related oxidative stress in vascular cells. Their multifaceted mechanisms and innovative delivery approaches make them potential candidates for treating vascular dysfunction and promoting healthy vascular aging. Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.
Glial Modulator Antibiotics for Neuropathic Pain: Current Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Zimmerman Alex J. , Mangano Nicholas , Park Grace , Kaushal Amit K. , Bergese Sergio D.
Published: February 2025

Pathological pain is defined as pain that outlives its usefulness as a protective warning system and becomes debilitating, disrupting normal life function. Understanding the mechanism of transition from physiological to pathological pain is essential to provide the effective prevention of chronic pain. The main subcategories of pathological pain are nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, and nociplastic pain. Glial cells play pivotal roles in the development and maintenance of each of these pathological pain states, specifically neuropathic pain. Consequently, targeting these cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, as limited efficacy and harmful adverse effects are associated with current pharmacotherapies. This paper aims to review specific antibiotics that modulate glial cells, which can be used to treat neuropathic pain. These antibiotics include minocycline, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. The potential of these antibiotics appears promising, particularly given the extensive prior research and use of these antibiotics in humans for other illnesses. However, each presents its own set of limitations, ultimately making the translation from preclinical findings to human therapies for neuropathic pain challenging.
Research on Low-Altitude Aircraft Point Cloud Generation Method Using Single Photon Counting Lidar
Authors: Su Zhigang , Liang Shaorui , Hao Jingtang , Han Bing
Published: February 2025

To address the deficiency of aircraft point cloud training data for low-altitude environment perception systems, a method termed APCG (aircraft point cloud generation) is proposed. APCG can generate aircraft point cloud data in the single photon counting Lidar (SPC-Lidar) system based on information such as aircraft type, position, and attitude. The core of APCG is the aircraft depth image generator, which is obtained through adversarial training of an improved conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). The training data of the improved cGAN are composed of aircraft depth images formed by spatial sampling and transformation of fine point clouds of 76 types of aircraft and 4 types of drone. The experimental results demonstrate that APCG is capable of efficiently generating diverse aircraft point clouds that reflect the acquisition characteristics of the SPC-Lidar system. The generated point clouds exhibit high similarity to the standard point clouds. Furthermore, APCG shows robust adaptability and stability in response to the variation in aircraft slant range.
Tribological Behavior of the Laser Micro-Textured PEEK-1040 Steel Friction Pairs
Authors: Long Risheng , Wang Haiming , Hou Jincheng , Shang Qingyu , Zhang Yimin , Zong Lin , Zhang Zhijun
Published: February 2025

To compare them with PTFE-40# steel tribo-pairs, the tribological properties of textured PEEK-40# (AISI 1040) steel friction pairs were researched under full-film lubrication conditions by manufacturing micro-dimples with different dimensions on the contact surfaces of 1040 steel discs using laser surface texturing (LST). After repeated tribological tests, the coefficients of friction (COFs), wear losses, and wear morphologies of the PEEK-1040 steel friction pairs were measured and analyzed. The results show that micro-dimples do not significantly reduce the average COFs of PEEK-1040 steel friction pairs when lubricated with a sufficient amount of hydraulic oil, but they do reduce the wear losses of most groups. When the dimple diameter was 250 μm, the dimple depth was 5 μm, the area ratio was 6.6%, and the mass loss of the 1040 steel disc was reduced by 90% compared to the smooth reference. In comparison to the behavior of the PTFE-1040 steel tribo-pairs, PEEK-1040 steel friction pairs can provide better tribological performance, whether smooth or dimple-textured. This study offers important insights for the design of seals in machinery.
PLA Reinforced with Limestone Waste: A Way to Sustainable Polymer Composites
Authors: Sousa Dora , Baleia Catarina , Amaral Pedro
Published: February 2025

Waste stone sludge generated by the extractive industry has traditionally posed significant disposal challenges. This study redefines stone sludge as a valuable raw material by incorporating it into polylactic acid (PLA) to create sustainable composite materials. Pellets and filaments composed of up to 50% by weight of limestone powder and PLA were successfully produced using melt blending in a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed a uniform distribution of stone particles within the PLA matrix and confirmed the chemical and structural compatibility of the components. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the composites retained thermal stability, while mechanical testing demonstrated significant enhancements in stiffness, with an increase in elastic modulus for composites containing 50% limestone powder. The melt flow rate (MFR) decreases with increasing filler content. The brittleness also increased, reducing impact resistance. Mechanical tests were performed on injected and 3D-printed specimens. The filament produced was successfully used in 3D printing, with a small XYZ calibration cube.
Facile Electret Fabrication for Energy Harvesting from Human Gait
Authors: Zanoletti Michele , Vitulo Paolo , Morina Riccardo , Callegari Daniele , Viola Riccardo , Mustarelli Piercarlo , Patrini Maddalena
Published: February 2025

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are electrostatic transducers capable of harvesting electrical energy from oscillating mechanical parts and storing it in a battery or supercapacitor. The energy conversion element typically consists of a flexible capacitor with a variable capacitance that depends on the applied stress cycle and requires an external voltage source (bias voltage). In designing an energy harvesting device from human gait, we propose integrating two components: a dielectric elastomer fabricated using a nanocomposite polyurethane (TPU-CaCu3Ti4O12) and an electret serving as a bias voltage source. In this work, we report on the electret fabrication and long-term charge retention properties using corona charging. The manufactured electrets are tested in coupling with the dielectric elastomer and allowed us to harvest an energy amount of 62 µJ/cycle (3.1 µJ/cm2) on a resistive load of 450 MΩ during motion cycles at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. Given the materials used, this approach is well suited to harvesting energy from human gait and holds promise for powering wearable devices.
Cancer and Wisdom Theology
Authors: Marlowe Walter Creighton
Published: February 2025

As a cancer patient and Old Testament scholar, I will offer my thoughts on how the Old Testament speaks theologically and practically to the human condition in relation to deadly disease. This essay follows (in broad strokes) my lifelong formative theological and ecclesiastical experiences with healing in Scripture and among believers. Episodes in my personal experience will be followed by theological exegesis related to perspectives and passages in the Old Testament that I find pertinent for the topic of cancer or any life-threatening illness or injury in the life of Christians whose faith is connected to the Bible as divine revelation. In particular, and mainly, texts related to wisdom in the Old Testament (Ecclesiastes to be exact) are considered. This is followed by reflections on passages that appear to offer guarantees of healing and then a conclusion that draws personal but also, hopefully, appropriate universal lessons about sickness and mortality from the Hebrew Bible.
Joint Driver State Classification Approach: Face Classification Model Development and Facial Feature Analysis Improvement
Authors: Akhmedov Farkhod , Khujamatov Halimjon , Abdullaev Mirjamol , Jeon Heung-Seok
Published: February 2025

Driver drowsiness remains a critical factor in road safety, necessitating the development of robust detection methodologies. This study presents a dual-framework approach that integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a facial landmark analysis model to enhance drowsiness detection. The CNN model classifies driver states into “Awake” and “Drowsy”, achieving a classification accuracy of 92.5%. In parallel, a deep learning-based facial landmark analysis model analyzes a driver’s physiological state by extracting and analyzing facial features. The model’s accuracy was significantly enhanced through advanced image preprocessing techniques, including image normalization, illumination correction, and face hallucination, reaching a 97.33% classification accuracy. The proposed dual-model architecture leverages imagery analysis to detect key drowsiness indicators, such as eye closure dynamics, yawning patterns, and head movement trajectories. By integrating CNN-based classification with precise facial landmark analysis, this study not only improves detection robustness but also ensures greater resilience under challenging conditions, such as low-light environments. The findings underscore the efficacy of multi-model approaches in drowsiness detection and their potential for real-world implementation to enhance road safety and mitigate drowsiness-related vehicular accidents.
Walking Stability and Kinematic Variability Following Motor Fatigue Induced by Incline Treadmill Walking
Authors: Kao Pei-Chun , Lomasney Colin
Published: February 2025

Detecting motor fatigue during rigorous activities is essential for preventing injuries, falls, and over-exertion. While research has focused on developing fatigue indices using motion capture or wearable sensors, the method of inducing fatigue can impact movement patterns differently. This study compared the effects of whole-body motor fatigue induced by incline treadmill walking with localized fatigue induced by leg presses and isolated ankle movements, as investigated in our prior study. Twenty healthy young participants walked at 1.25 m/s for 5 min before (PRE) and after (POST) motor fatigue. We computed POST-to-PRE ratios for walking stability and variability measures, including dynamic margins of stability (MOS), step spatiotemporal measures, kinematic variability, and local dynamic stability based on short-term local divergence exponents (LDEs) of trunk movement. Localized fatigue increased mean step width (p = 0.002), mean mediolateral MOS (p = 0.015), knee joint angle variability (p < 0.001), and the mean peak mediolateral center of mass velocity (p < 0.001) more than whole-body fatigue. Whole-body fatigue reduced short-term LDE values of anterior–posterior trunk motion (p = 0.021), indicating greater improvement in local dynamic stability. The findings indicate that localized fatigue has a greater impact on gait variability and stability than whole-body fatigue. The methods of inducing motor fatigue led to different changes in gait.
Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Analysis of Driving Factors in Jiangxi Province’s Livestock Industry from a Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: Chen Xingyue , Che Qifeng , Chen Guoxiong , Hu Tingting , Zhang Jing , Tu Qihong
Published: February 2025

As a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, objectively understanding the quantity of emissions from the livestock industry and their spatiotemporal evolution is crucial for advancing low-carbon and green development in regional livestock industries. Therefore, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, this study estimated greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry across 11 municipal regions in Jiangxi Province from 2002 to 2022, revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of these emissions. The study also employed the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that (1) between 2002 and 2022, total greenhouse gas emissions from Jiangxi Province’s livestock industry exhibited an upward trend, increasing from 13.52 million tons to 21.27 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of 2.36%. (2) During the study period, the spatial patterns of super-high-emission and light-emission zones remained relatively stable, while medium and heavy emission zones showed dynamic evolution. (3) Intensity effects, agricultural structural effects, and rural population size played a suppressive role in livestock greenhouse gas emissions, while regional development levels and urbanization levels were key drivers of increased emissions. Therefore, governments should accelerate the implementation of clean production models, enhance technological innovation, promote pollution reduction at the source, and develop differentiated livestock development strategies based on regional resource endowments and demographic–economic characteristics.
Unlocking the Potential of Biosurfactants in Agriculture: Novel Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Abdoli Sima , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Bagheri Novair Sepideh , Price Gordon W.
Published: February 2025

With rising environmental concerns and the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices, biosurfactants have garnered significant attention. These naturally occurring, surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms offer eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals. This review explores the multifaceted role of biosurfactants in agriculture, highlighting their applications in soil nutrient enhancement, plant growth promotion, pest and pathogen control, and bioremediation. The inherent versatility and biodegradability of biosurfactants position them as pivotal agents in improving soil health and advancing sustainable farming. Cutting-edge biotechnological approaches, such as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, are critical for optimizing biosurfactant production. Integrating these bioactive molecules into smart agricultural systems promises to enhance resource utilization and crop management. Despite challenges like high production costs and limited ecological impact studies, innovative production techniques and comprehensive ecological assessments are essential for broader applications. This review underscores the transformative potential of biosurfactants in driving sustainable agricultural practices and environmental remediation, paving the way for future research and innovation in this field.
The Computational Assessment on the Performance of Products with Multi-Parts Using the Gompertz Distribution
Authors: Wu Shu-Fei , Peng Chieh-Hsin
Published: February 2025

The lifetime performance index is widely used in the manufacturing industry to assess the capability and effectiveness of production processes. A new overall lifetime performance index is proposed when multiple parts of products are produced in multiple dependent production lines. Each individual lifetime performance index for a single production line is connected to the overall lifetime performance index for multiple independent or dependent production lines. The overall lifetime performance index increases with the overall process yield. We analyze the maximum likelihood estimators for the individual lifetime performance indices using progressively type I interval-censored samples while the lifetime of the ith part of products follows a Gompertz distribution for either independent or dependent cases. To determine whether the overall lifetime performance index meets the desired target value, the maximum likelihood estimator for the individual index is utilized separately to conduct the testing procedures about the overall lifetime performance index for either independent or dependent cases. Power analysis of the multiple testing procedure is illustrated with figures, and key findings are summarized. A simulation study is conducted for the test powers. Lastly, a practical example involving products with two parts is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed testing algorithm. Given the asymmetry of the lifetime distribution, this research aligns with the study of asymmetric probability distributions and their diverse applications across various fields.
Perrin Numbers That Are Concatenations of a Perrin Number and a Padovan Number in Base b
Authors: Güney Duman Merve
Published: February 2025

Let (Pk)k≥0 be a Padovan sequence and (Rk)k≥0 be a Perrin sequence. Let n, m, b, and k be non-negative integers, where 2≤b≤10. In this paper, we are devoted to delving into the equations Rn=bdPm+Rk and Rn=bdRm+Pk, where d is the number of digits of Rk or Pk in base b. We show that the sets of solutions are Rn∈{R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R19,R23,R25,R27} for the first equation and Rn∈{R0,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R16,R17,R18, R20,R21} for the second equation. Our approach employs advanced techniques in Diophantine analysis, including linear forms in logarithms, continued fractions, and the properties of Padovan and Perrin sequences in base b. We investigate both the deep structural symmetries and the complex structures that connect recurrence relations and logarithmic forms within Diophantine equations involving special number sequences.
Double Deep Q-Network-Based Solution to a Dynamic, Energy-Efficient Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling System with the Transport Process
Authors: Zhang Qinglei , Si Huaqiang , Qin Jiyun , Duan Jianguo , Zhou Ying , Shi Huaixia , Nie Liang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a dynamic energy-efficient hybrid flow shop (TDEHFSP) scheduling model is proposed, considering random arrivals of new jobs and transport by transfer vehicles. To simultaneously optimise the maximum completion time and the total energy consumption, a co-evolutionary approach (DDQCE) using a double deep Q-network (DDQN) is introduced, where global and local search tasks are assigned to different populations to optimise the use of computational resources. In addition, a multi-objective NEW heuristic strategy is implemented to generate an initial population with enhanced convergence and diversity. The DDQCE incorporates an energy-efficient strategy based on time interval ‘left shift’ and turn-on/off mechanisms, alongside a rescheduling model to manage dynamic disturbances. In addition, 36 test instances of varying sizes, simplified from the excavator boom manufacturing process, are designed for comparative experiments with traditional algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that DDQCE achieves 40% more Pareto-optimal solutions compared to NSGA-II and MOEA/D while requiring 10% less computational time, confirming that this algorithm efficiently solves the TDEHFSP problem.
Effects of Biochar on the Availability of Trace Elements in Different Types of Soil
Authors: Ma Shuaihui , Ma Shuai , Yin Weiqin , Wang Shengsen , Sheng Haijun , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: February 2025

To investigate the effects of biochar on the availability of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) in soils with different properties, biochar derived from wheat straw (WSBC) and peanut shells (PSBC) was added to red and yellow-brown soils for pot experiments. The results showed that WSBC and PSBC significantly increased the red and yellow-brown soils’ organic matter (SOM) and available potassium (AK), C, and C/N, especially with WSBC in red soil. The total and available amounts of trace elements in red and yellow-brown soil decreased after biochar was applied, where the effect of WSBC on the available of Fe, Mn, and Zn was greater than that of PSBC and the effect on the available contents of Fe, Mn, and Zn was less than that of PSBC. WSBC and PSBC decreased the contents of Fe, Mn, and Zn in the grains in both soils, while they increased the content of Cu in the grains. According to the results of a canonical correlation analysis, there was a competitive relationship between Mn and Cu in the grains. Fe and Zn in the grains were negatively correlated with AP in red soil and positively correlated with AP in yellow-brown soil. This study evaluates the effect of biochar on soil nutrient cycles, ultimately maximizing the application of biochar in the field of agriculture.