bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the corporate social responsibility, task significance, and job performance at the university of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Philip Jimia Kamanda
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana to analyse the role of task significance in the association between Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS) and the job performance of the administrative staff of the University. The study specifically addressed four objectives that emanated from the main objective. These objectives were to; assess the influence of CSR on the performance of employees; analyse the effect of CSR on task significance; assess the influence of task significance and employee performance, and examine the moderating role of task significance in CSR and job performance nexus. A self-administered questionnaire was utilised to collect data from 273 randomly sampled respondents and with the use of the partial least square structuring equation modelling, and the hypotheses were tested. The results revealed that CSR has a significant positive relationship (R=0.097; t=2.549; p=0.003) with staff performance, and a positive link with task significance (R=0.928; t=77.470; p<0.000). The study further established that task significance had a significant positive relationship with staff performance (R=0.346; t=2.096; p = 0.037). Lastly, the indirect column revealed that task significance partially mediates the relationship between CSR and task significance (R=0.321; t=2.071; p=0.039). The study therefore recommended that managers of the University of Cape Coast should invest financial resources into CSR activities, create a friendly working environment, and donate to the welfare of employees, and their families.
A systematic review: Advanced magnetic nanotheranostics
Authors: Luqman Hakeem  , Ayesha Saddiqa  , Ayesha Rafique  , Muhammad Kaleem Ullah  , Hanzla Abdullah  , Safeer Abbas  , Rahila Yasmeen  , Haiqa Akaml
Published: October 2024

Scientific progress in chemistry, physics, technology, and medicine has led to the development of high-sensitivity biomedical imaging systems, crucial for identifying illnesses and interpreting physiological phenomena. Modalities like MRI, PET, CT, SPECT, optical fluorescence imaging, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging are widely used. The pursuit of precise imaging has driven the exploration of multi-modality approaches, combining the strengths of different modalities. Magnetic nanoparticles, due to their customizable features, have become a key platform for contrast agents in MRI. Their adaptability also makes them valuable in multi-modal imaging, combining features like MRI-optical and MRI-PET/SPECT for precise imaging. Current discussion delves into the unique magnetic properties of nanoparticles, their synthesis methods, and applications across diverse fields. External magnetic fields play a role in the agglomeration of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), impacting their biological effects. In nanomedicine, engineered magnetic nanoparticles guide drug delivery, hyperthermia cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. However, concerns arise about increased cytotoxicity and resistance to biodegradation compared to bulk counterparts. Moreover, role of magnetic stimuli in neurogenesis, emphasizing both potential benefits and risks. Additionally, a magneto-nanomechanical approach is discussed, involving the mechanical activation of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and cancer cell destruction. The application of magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for therapeutic DNA, particularly in gene delivery using surface-modified nanoparticles, represents a promising avenue for cancer management. The text underscores the need for further research to optimize parameters for in vitro and in vivo treatments. Overall, the integration of magnetic nanoparticles in various biomedical applications showcases their versatility and potential impact on advancing medical technologies.
Enhancing manufacturing excellence through lean six sigma
Authors: Attia Hussien Gomaa
Published: October 2024

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the most popular and widely used business improvement methodologies. The integration of LSS is important as Lean focuses on eliminating waste between and within the steps of the process, and Six Sigma works to reduce the variation of output seen in processes and works to improve the quality of the inputs going into the process. This research provides a detailed view for practitioners of applying LSS in manufacturing. This study explores the latest developments, current trends and perspectives of LSS. LSS critical success factors (CSFs) in manufacturing are discussed. The success of LSS has been attributed a lot to the leadership. An integrated LSS-DMAIC framework is developed for improving process efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed framework is a practical roadmap of LSS which can be utilized in any manufacturing sector. Finally, this work can serve as a foundation for future efforts in an attempt to improve the classification and contents in ways that better describe researchers in the field of LSS.
AI-enabled predictive safeguards for offshore oil facilities: Enhancing safety and operational efficiency
Authors: Adeoye Taofik Aderamo  , Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe  , Yetunde Adenike Adebayo  , Andrew Emuobosa Esiri
Published: October 2024

Offshore oil facilities operate in some of the most challenging environments, facing complex safety risks that can lead to catastrophic incidents if not properly managed. Traditional safety systems, while effective, often rely on reactive measures rather than proactive risk mitigation strategies. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into predictive safety safeguards for offshore oil platforms, aiming to enhance both safety and operational efficiency. The proposed model focuses on the real-time monitoring of key operational parameters, data analytics, and machine learning algorithms to predict potential hazards before they escalate into critical incidents. By leveraging AI, operators can predict failures in equipment, detect anomalies in operational conditions, and optimize response strategies, thus minimizing downtime and preventing costly accidents. The paper presents a comprehensive framework for operationalizing AI-driven safety systems, highlighting the key components necessary for successful implementation, including data acquisition, sensor integration, and algorithm development. Machine learning models are trained on historical data from previous offshore operations, enabling predictive maintenance and early warning systems for critical equipment such as blowout preventers and pipelines. The model also incorporates a risk-based decision-making process that assesses real-time threats to inform the prioritization of safety actions. In addition to enhancing safety, the AI-enabled system promotes operational efficiency by reducing false alarms and enabling more precise resource allocation. The predictive nature of the system leads to reduced maintenance costs and extended asset life. The paper emphasizes the need for continuous data updating and human oversight to ensure that AI systems adapt to evolving operational conditions. The research concludes by outlining key challenges and future directions, such as improving the accuracy of AI models, addressing cybersecurity risks, and integrating AI with existing regulatory frameworks in the offshore oil sector. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI applications in industrial safety, providing a roadmap for the adoption of predictive safeguards in high-risk environments.
Eco-friendly wastewater treatment technologies (concept): Conceptualizing advanced, sustainable wastewater treatment designs for industrial and municipal applications
Authors: Ufuoma Ejairu  , Adeoye Taofik Aderamo  , Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe  , Andrew Emuobosa Esiri  , Uwaga Monica Adanma  , Nko Okina Solomon
Published: October 2024

This concept paper explores the development and integration of advanced, sustainable wastewater treatment technologies designed for both industrial and municipal applications. As environmental concerns rise globally, the need for eco-friendly solutions in water management has become critical. The proposed approach focuses on enhancing wastewater treatment systems through innovative, sustainable designs that reduce environmental impact, optimize resource recovery, and promote energy efficiency. Key components of this concept include the utilization of natural treatment processes such as constructed wetlands, biofiltration, and phytoremediation, combined with cutting-edge technologies like membrane bioreactors, anaerobic digestion, and advanced oxidation processes. These methods aim to minimize the reliance on chemical treatments, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and ensure high levels of water quality for reuse or safe discharge. The design framework prioritizes energy-efficient operations, leveraging renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to drive treatment facilities. Additionally, resource recovery techniques are integrated, allowing for the capture of nutrients and energy from wastewater, supporting the circular economy and contributing to sustainability goals. The concept is adaptable to a range of industrial and municipal needs, offering scalable solutions that can address small, decentralized systems or large, urban treatment plants. The implementation of smart sensors and data analytics further enhances operational efficiency, ensuring real-time monitoring and optimization of treatment processes. By integrating eco-friendly wastewater treatment technologies, this concept aims to provide a holistic, sustainable solution to managing wastewater, improving water quality, and minimizing the ecological footprint of treatment facilities. The approach supports both environmental preservation and regulatory compliance, offering a pathway to more resilient and sustainable water management systems globally.
Integrating sustainability and cost-effectiveness in food and FMCG supply chains: A comprehensive model
Authors: Titilope Tosin Adewale  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo  , Adekunle Stephen Toromade  , Abbey Ngochindo Igwe
Published: October 2024

The increasing emphasis on sustainability in global food and Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industries has prompted companies to seek innovative strategies for integrating sustainability without compromising cost-effectiveness. This study proposes a comprehensive model that bridges the gap between sustainable practices and cost-efficiency in food and FMCG supply chains. The model emphasizes the adoption of circular economy principles, lean manufacturing, and green logistics to reduce waste, lower carbon emissions, and optimize resource use. It also highlights the role of digital technologies, such as blockchain for traceability and artificial intelligence (AI) for demand forecasting, to enhance supply chain transparency and efficiency. The framework incorporates supplier collaboration, emphasizing ethical sourcing and the use of renewable materials to align with both environmental goals and consumer expectations. Furthermore, it explores the importance of agile inventory management to minimize overproduction and reduce storage costs, which directly contributes to profitability. The economic feasibility of the model is examined through case studies demonstrating how businesses have successfully implemented sustainable practices without incurring excessive costs. A key focus of the study is balancing sustainability with cost-effectiveness by leveraging economies of scale, strategic partnerships, and technology-driven solutions. By doing so, companies can achieve a competitive advantage while meeting regulatory requirements and increasing consumer demand for eco-friendly products. The model also provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders, offering guidelines for promoting sustainability across global supply chains in food and FMCG sectors. In conclusion, this research presents a scalable and practical model for integrating sustainability with cost-effectiveness in supply chains, providing a roadmap for companies to achieve long-term economic and environmental goals. The findings offer significant contributions to the ongoing discourse on sustainable supply chain management in the food and FMCG industries.
Trends of oat production area, productivity and utilization in Ethiopia
Authors: Lensa Urgesa
Published: October 2024

Oat is an important multi-purpose cereal crops cultivated for grain, feed and straw used for human consumption and livestock feed. Oat is ranked as sixth in the world’s cereal production following wheat, maize, rice, barley and sorghum. Therefore, this study is initiated to analyze the trends of; oats production area, productivity and utilization in Ethiopia. Data of meher season oats area of production (ha), productivity (qt/ha) and utilization (%) were collected from Central statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Trend test was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall’s trend test packaged in XLstat. The result of this study indicated that the production of oat showed non-significant increasing trend. Additionally oats yield qt/ha showed that significant increasing trend. Oat production area showed significant decreasing despite used as Household Consumption and animal feed showed non-significant decreasing trend
Concept mapping as a pedagogic tool in teaching undergraduate biology in Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatosin CO  , Ekpa EA  , Micheal NE  , Amina SB  , Bashir BM  , Fakolade BA
Published: October 2024

Biology both as a subject at post primary or a course at the undergraduate levels of education is the foundation of all life sciences. While some students find it easy and interesting, others view it as very broad and therefore stressful to read. In order to address both sides of the divide, novel methods are needed to make both the teaching and learning of the discipline easily grasped and welcomed by all. This is the reason why novel pedagogic tools are required to make the subject matter as clear as possible. The idea of concept mapping even though not entirely new in the field of education seems to be the new bride here. With advances in Science and technology, the teaching of biology especially to undergraduates at the tertiary level becomes simpler and more valuable. This current review is an attempt to conscientize all stakeholders on the importance of applying this principle in teaching Biology particularly in breaking topics and concepts down to the level of the student’s understanding and appreciation.
Ethno botanical study of some rare medicinal species in Tunisia: Case of Laurus nobilis L
Authors: Nouri Jdaidi  , Houcine Selmi  , Foued Aloui  , Abes Chaabane
Published: October 2024

This work is focused on the ethnobotanical study of a species known for its medicinal, ecological, economic and ornamental importance in Tunisia. The methodology consisted in carrying out a direct questionnaire on 300 people located in Tabarka and Ain Draham, which made it possible to collect a valuable amount of information concerning the use of Laurus nobilis L. The results of this study showed that the leaves are the most used organ (71%) and most remedies are prepared as a decoction (58%). The use of laurel sauce in the therapeutic field promotes digestion and treats various diseases such as urinary and dental infections, bronchitis and rheumatism. It appears that more than 68% of users have shown the effectiveness of this species. The present study constitutes a database for further research in the pharmaco-biological and phytochemical fields in Tunisia.
Use of transportability methods for real-world evidence generation: a review of current applications
Authors: Levy Natalie S , Arena Patrick J , Jemielita Thomas , Mt-Isa Shahrul , McElwee Shane , Lenis David , Campbell Ulka B , Jaksa Ashley , Hair Gleicy M
Published: October 2024

Aim:
To evaluate how transportability methods are currently used for real-world evidence (RWE) generation to inform good practices and support adoption and acceptance of these methods in the RWE context.
Methods:
We conducted a targeted literature review to identify studies that transported an effect estimate of the clinical effectiveness or safety of a biomedical exposure to a target real-world population. Records were identified from PubMed-indexed articles published any time before 25 July 2023 (inclusive). Two reviewers screened abstracts/titles and reviewed the full text of candidate studies to identify the final set of articles. Data on the therapeutic area, exposure(s), outcome(s), original and target populations and details of the transportability analysis (e.g., analytic method used, estimate transported, stated assumptions) were abstracted from each article.
Results:
Of 458 unique records identified, six were retained in the final review. Articles were published during 2021–2023, focused on the US/Canada context, and covered a range of therapeutic areas. Four studies transported an RCT effect estimate, while two transported effect estimates derived from real-world data. Almost all articles used weighting methods to transport estimates. Two studies discussed all transportability assumptions, and one evaluated the likelihood of meeting all assumptions and the impact of potential violations.
Conclusion:
The use of transportability methods for RWE generation is an emerging and promising area of research to address evidence gaps in settings with limited data and infrastructure. More transparent and rigorous reporting of methods, assumptions and limitations may increase the use and acceptability of transportability for producing robust evidence on treatment effectiveness and safety.
The Crucial Role of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hajj Pilgrimage: Advocating for Compulsory Policy Changes
Authors: Ayoub Basel , Barasheed Osamah
Published: October 2024

The annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca brings together millions of individuals from diverse geographic regions, presenting significant public health challenges, particularly concerning the transmissionof infectious diseases. This article highlights the critical importance of pneumococcal vaccination as a preventive measure during Hajj. Given the heightened risk of respiratory infections in such a densely populated and international gathering, the authors advocate for making pneumococcal vaccination compulsory for all pilgrims. The article discusses the public health benefits of widespread vaccination, including the reduction in cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It also examines potential barriers to implementing compulsory vaccination policies, such as logistical challenges, vaccine hesitancy, and the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The authors emphasize the necessity of collaboration among health authorities, religious leaders, and pilgrims to ensure successful policy implementation and enhance health outcomes during the pilgrimage. Keywords: Hajj pilgrimage, Pneumococcal Vaccination, policy changes
Gout- from a primary care perspective
Authors: Nehal Sadia , Hussain Syed Ashfaque
Published: October 2024

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis which can cause recurrent episodes of acute pain and joint inflammation. Epidemiological studies show it is 2-6 folds more common in men than in women. It is caused by raised serum uric acid levels which, when gets deposited in joints and tissues can cause significant pain and morbidity. Untreated gout can cause permanent joint damage. Hyperuricemia can also cause urate nephropathy and renal stones. It is associated with other cardiovascular diseases. Risk factors include male sex, obesity, genetics, purine rich food, alcohol, certain medications, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Gout can present as rapid onset pain and swelling of any joint, predominantly of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Tophi can present as painless, nodules on extensor surfaces of joints or other body parts. Diagnosis is by identification of uric acid crystals in joint fluid aspirates. Management involves modifying risk factors, treatment of acute attacks using non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, steroids and long-term prophylaxis medications. Prophylaxis is based on treat to target approach and involves urate lowering drugs like allopurinol, febuxostat. There are other newer drugs available in secondary care. Despite the availability of effective prophylactic medications to lower uric acid levels, the prevalence of gout is increasing. It stresses the importance of patient education as well as initiating urate lowering drugs in patients presenting with recurrent attacks and those with other co-morbid risk factors. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of gout and its management in primary care. We, as authors also highlight the importance of patient education and empowerment in better understanding of their disease and adherence to long term management. We also strongly advocate starting urate lowering therapy for at risk patients by primary care physicians. This will not only prevent future gout attacks, but also reduces long term complications like joint damage, tophi, renal stones, renal impairment and reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease. Key words: Gout, inflammatory arthritis, hyperuricemia, urate lowering therapy, prophylaxis
Development of a Novel Wear Equation by Comparing the Wear Behaviour of Hard (AA7075) and Soft (AA6063) Hybrid Composite Materials
Authors: ARAVINTH Babu , SUBRAMANIAN Murugasen , ARUMUGAM Geetha , MAYILDURAI Rajagopal
Published: October 2024

In this research, aluminium alloys AA7075 and AA6063 were reinforced with aluminium oxide and titanium oxide particles fabricated through stir casting. The Archard equation was used to model wear behavior, with the wear rate and hardness ratios determined experimentally. The addition of reinforcing particles improves hardness and wear resistance by impeding dislocation movement and refining grain size. At higher temperatures, a protective oxide layer forms, reducing wear. The wear rate decreases with increasing reinforcement percentage and increases with sliding distance. AA7075 exhibits lower wear rates than AA6063, especially at higher temperatures, due to its higher hardness. The developed wear equation in this study relates the wear rates of harder (AA7075) and softer (AA6063) composite materials by considering factors such as % reinforcement, load, sliding distance, velocity, and temperature. The equation considers the change in the wear rate of aluminium composites with respect to temperature, represented by dv/dT and accounts for the effect of temperature on wear behavior through the temperature coefficients (ɑ and β). The equation takes into deliberation the impact of these parameters on wear behavior, offering a mathematical foundation for understanding and comparing wear performance across different materials.
Optimizing Ozone Gas Bleaching for Interlock Knitted Fabric:A Comprehensive Study on pH, Flow Rates, and Ozonation Durations
Authors: EREN Semiha , ÖZTÜRK Merve , EREN Hüseyin Aksel , ERSAN Ezgi , KARATAŞ Ahmed
Published: October 2024

In this study, the bleaching of interlock knitted fabric using an innovative and environmentally friendly method involving ozone gas was explored. The bleaching processes were conducted under varying conditions: different pH levels (pH 7 to pH 12), ozone gas flow rates (2 L/min to 6 L/min), and ozonation durations (20, 40, and 60 minutes). Fabrics treated with ozonation were compared to those subjected to conventional bleaching methods. Assessments of the samples were performed for whiteness, bursting strength, color measurements, and fastness properties. Additionally, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) tests were conducted on wastewater from both conventional bleaching and ozonation processes. Optimal conditions were determined to be at pH 7, with a 6 L/min ozone flow rate, and a 60-minute duration. Under these conditions, the whiteness index reached 80 Stensby, and the yellowness index was 7.6. Furthermore, a reduction of approximately 90 % in COD values was observed, indicating a significant decrease in environmental impact. However, a decrease of about 30 % in burst strength was also noted. This study highlights the potential of ozone technology to replace traditional chemical-intensive methods, offering a more sustainable solution for the textile industry.
Graphite-enhanced PCMs in Gypsum Boards for Reduced Building Energy Requirements
Authors: MANO Chanita , MANEEWAN Somchai , THONGTHA Atthakorn
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to improve the thermal characteristics of gypsum ceiling boards intended for building envelope applications, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency by integrating graphite-infused phase change material (PCM). The investigation examines PCM incorporation with graphite powder (PCMGP) at 10 % and 20 % mass ratios using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicate that the melting points of PCM, PCMGP – 10 %, and PCMGP – 20 % are approximately 59.6 °C, 59.6 °C, and 59.8 °C, respectively. Notably, the PCMGP-10 % composite displays a narrower melting temperature range, signifying superior thermal characteristics. The PCMGP-10 % composite layer significantly reduces the average room temperature by up to 3.79 % compared to non-PCM gypsum ceiling boards, up to 2.11 % compared to PCM layers without infused graphite, and up to 1.41 % compared to the PCMGP-20 % composite layer under controlled temperature conditions when applied to gypsum ceiling boards. The optimized PCMGP composite enhances thermal performance and thermal energy storage efficiency, leading to significant electrical energy savings by reducing cooling requirements within the building envelope. The implications of this study are crucial for sustainable construction materials and energy conservation strategies. Incorporating PCMGP composites in building envelopes has the potential to enhance energy efficiency and thermal comfort, thus supporting sustainable and energy-efficient construction practices.
Denken in Widersprüchen
Authors: Voigt Rüdiger
Published: October 2024

Carl Schmitt thought and wrote in contradictions. Was this already a rebellion of thought in the sense of Alain Badiou? Or was Schmitt – as some interpreters believe – merely an opportunist, albeit an eloquent one? A certain recalcitrance towards the so-called 'mainstream' moved him throughout his life. From the very beginning of his academic career, his sometimes highly provocative theories attracted the attention of the scientific community – and often beyond. His incisiveness and polished style have always made his writings worth reading. The third edition is the result of a large number of new publications. It focuses on the central concepts of his work, such as the relationship between friend and foe, the legitimacy of political decisions, large-scale thinking and, last but not least, reason of state and the state of emergency. Rüdiger Voigt, Professor Emeritus of Public Administration at the University of the Bundeswehr Munich, is the author and editor of numerous books on the theory and practice of the state.
Forderungsfeststellung im Europäischen Insolvenzrecht
Authors: Dany Ben
Published: October 2024

This book provides a comprehensive and practical analysis of the legal issues raised by the cross-border determination of insolvency claims. It examines whether declaratory disputes fall within the scope of the European Insolvency Regulation and the consequences this has for international jurisdiction in particular. In principle, European insolvency law assigns jurisdiction to the courts of the state in which insolvency proceedings have been opened. Ben Dany shows, drawing on legislative history and comparative law, that this jurisdictional rule needs to be corrected for some types of declaratory disputes: through further development of the law or by the European legislator.
Das intelligente Messsystem
Authors: Singler Philipp
Published: October 2024

In the coming years, smart meters will be installed in almost every household. But what is the legal framework for this? What data will be processed, and where do the legal issues lie with regard to European and national law? These and many other questions will be addressed following a comprehensive presentation of the legal situation. The focus will be on the compatibility of the regulations of the MsbG with Union, Convention, and national law.
Demand-Resource Balance, Autonomy and the Utility of Organizational Strategies in Addressing Healthcare Professional Burnout
Authors: Parker Kate , Nun Faokunla Lauren , Morrell Nathan
Published: October 2024

Burnout is a chronic issue that has plagued the social service industry for decades. In healthcare, a common definition of burnout is the chronic imbalance between work demands and resources available to respond effectively. Workers must “do more with less.” To combat this, various interventions such as behavioral programs, leadership resource management and organizational interventions have all been studied. Organizational strategies aim to modify or redesign tasks and environmental features to better manage the demand-resource imbalance. There are several types of organizational programs discussed in the literature. Job crafting, reducing workload and increasing worker autonomy are a few which have been shown to be effective in reducing burnout. The goal is to grant workers the freedom to respond to work demands in ways that work best for them. This may reduce burnout by instilling a larger sense of control, ownership and pride derived from their work.
The Rise of Influencer Culture: Marketing, Monetization, and Authenticity in the Social Sphere
Authors: Riaz Pitafi Zohaib , Mumtaz Awan Tahir
Published: October 2024

Influencer marketing has become a transformative force in modern marketing, altering brand engagement with consumers and redefining media consumption. The chapter examines the evolution from traditional celebrity endorsements to the emergence of digital influencers, facilitated through social media platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok. Key insights include the classification of influencers into micro-, macro-, and mega influencers, each serving distinct roles and engagement levels. Micro-influencers, with niche followings, often achieve higher engagement rates and closer connections with their audience. Macro-influencers extend their reach to broader audiences, while mega influencers, similar to traditional celebrities, command significant social media presence. Influencers act as trendsetters and cultural icons, shaping public discourse and societal norms through authentic content that builds trust and loyalty among followers. A crucial aspect discussed is the importance of authenticity in influencer marketing. As consumers become more skeptical of traditional advertising, they value genuine, relatable content from influencers. The role of social media algorithms in determining content visibility and engagement emphasizes the strategic importance for influencers and brands to understand these mechanisms. Readers will gain comprehensive understanding about influencer marketing, the strategic categorization of influencers, and the significance of authenticity in building consumer trust.
Metabolomic Diagnostic in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Historical Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Oliva Mussarra Clara , García-Villoria Judit
Published: October 2024

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) encompass a diverse range of monogenic disorders disrupting metabolic pathways, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. While some treatable IMD are part of newborn screening programs, the majority remain challenging to diagnose early. Targeted metabolomics, analyzing specific metabolites in biological fluids, has evolved from disease-specific tests to advanced chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The development of tandem MS in the 1990s marked a pivotal advancement, allowing the detection of various metabolites in a single analysis. However, current metabolic diagnostic methods still involve manual, time-intensive processes using multiple analyzers, limiting their widespread application. Diagnosis often hinges on recognizing nonspecific clinical symptoms, risking missed cases without appropriate metabolic testing needed to achieve the diagnosis. To address these challenges, there is a pressing need for untargeted metabolomics—a holistic approach using high-resolution MS to measure thousands of metabolites in a single analysis. This approach promises to revolutionize diagnostics by enabling comprehensive metabolite detection, optimizing resources, and streamlining diagnostic workflows. Integrating metabolomics with other omics technologies, especially genomics, is essential to achieving definitive IMD diagnoses. This multidisciplinary approach not only enhances IMD diagnosis but also supports personalized medicine.
High-Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Gardew Derejaw
Published: October 2024

One of the main areas of focus in condensed matter physics over the past several years has been research on high-temperature superconductors and their physical characteristics. One of a metal’s most crucial characteristics is its electrical resistivity, and scientists were especially curious about how this value varied with temperature. Because superconducting wires can carry enormous electrical currents without heating up or losing energy, superconductor-based electromagnets are incredibly strong. The current state of technology is predicted to alter with the development of a superconductor that runs at room temperature. Compared to existing technologies, a superconducting power grid would save a great deal of energy because it would not waste energy owing to very little resistance. High magnetic fields can be produced by high-temperature superconductors, which are advantageous for applications in medicine, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment. Superconductors are used in levitating trains, very accurate electromagnets, lighter and smaller engines, generators, transformers, and SQUIDs.
Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Thermal Imaging Techniques for Rapid Diagnosis of Anthracnose in Mango Pre- and Post-Harvest
Authors: Sirisomboon Panmanas , Dachoupakan Sirisomboon Cheewanun , Rerngsamran Panan , Sharma Sneha
Published: October 2024

The advent of machine vision systems and the emergence of specialized sensors like multispectral, hyperspectral and thermal cameras have brought about a technological transformation in various industries, particularly in autonomously conducting quality checks on pre- and post-harvested agriculture including fungus detection in laboratories, on tree and canopy images. NIR spectral region has a better ability to identify the defects than the visible range images since the NIR region can present absorption bands of a large variation of molecular information consisting of biochemical and physiochemical information of fruits. This technique is more suitable for disease detection. The detection of disease in damaged fruit due to fungal infection was possible due to the change in temperature within the region of interest in the thermal images, while the UAV-borne infrared camera suggested a small temperature increase with a pathogen increase. NIR-HSI and thermal imaging provide promising results for the rapid detection of pathogens in fruits, enhancing food safety measures.
Theory and Recent Applications of Nano-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Tesfaye Esayas , Ashenef Ayenew , Hymete Ariaya , Niguss Tadios
Published: October 2024

The trend toward instrument miniaturization in recent years has made it possible to develop new and sophisticated analytical techniques, such as nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). This has made it possible to improve the sensitivity and resolution of chromatography. Nano HPLC is essential for both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. The growing interest in nano-LC methods has led to the development of several fascinating and inventive applications. This chapter will cover the theoretical aspects of the nano-LC method and its current practical uses in the analysis of pharmaceutical and biological molecules. Furthermore, the future prospects regarding the development of nano-LC techniques will be examined.
Perspective Chapter: Meditation as a Self-care Routine to Prepare for and Cope with Stress
Authors: E. Bakker Femke
Published: October 2024

Public servants are experiencing enduring occupational stress. Stress hinders the ability of professionals to process information, potentially leading to bad decisions. Moreover, chronic stress has the potential to develop into a full-blown burnout. (Neuro)scientific findings strongly suggest that meditation can help to cope with stress. This chapter maps out the current scientific insights about how meditation can decrease stress. It argues that an effective meditation practice can help professionals to prepare for and cope with stress on a long-term basis. The chapter concludes with several practical and easy-to-perform meditative exercises that are suited for anyone who wants to learn to help themselves prepare for and deal better with stress.
A New HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Measurements of Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA) and Glabridin (GB) in Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Extract
Authors: Ceylan Burhan
Published: October 2024

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a plant with important applications in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics due to the extracts obtained from its root and the chemicals contained in these extracts. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a saponin glycosid, is the main component that gives licorice its sweet taste. The ammonium salt of this compound is listed in the European Pharmacopeia and is the sweetest natural flavoring listed on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its main known properties are its effective properties in the treatment of ulcers, bronchitis, sore throats, liver diseases and its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral effects (especially hepatitis C and HIV treatment). Glabridin (GB), an isoflavan, is known for its cytotoxic, antimicrobial, estrogenic and anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer. It is also valuable for its antioxidant effect on melanogenesis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and mitochondria functions. Due to all these effects, licorice is widely used by healthcare professionals, doctors and the public. It is extremely important to determine the contents of the active ingredients in licorice root extracts. This work devised an easy-to-use, fast and economical HPLC-DAD technique to analyze this bivalent chemical in products containing licorice root extract. The developed method will shed light on future bioavailability studies and the determination of these chemicals in extracts.
The Role of Oleuropein on Cosmeceutical Applications for Enhanced Skin Health
Authors: Tarbiat Shirin
Published: October 2024

The biggest organ in the human body, the skin, is essential for defense against physiological and environmental threats. The skin barrier plays a crucial role in keeping the skin healthy and in delivering substances applied topically to the deeper layers of the skin. Cosmeceuticals provide effective skin care treatments, a hybrid product category that falls between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Using olive leaves and oils is an inventive way to use goods from the olive industry to cosmetics. This chapter explores an innovative approach that applies olive industry byproducts, like olive oils and leaves, to cosmetic uses. The focus is on oleuropein, a phenolic compound derived from these sources, demonstrating significant potential in skin health. Oleuropein has been shown in numerous animal and clinical trials to have various biological benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-hyaluronidase properties. These characteristics help to improve wrinkles, decrease pigmentation, enhance elasticity, decrease skin thickness, and speed up the healing of wounds. In conclusion, studies on oleuropein’s function in skin health highlight this compound’s potential as a useful ingredient for cosmeceutical products that aim to prevent skin aging and enhance general skin health.
Key Factors in Management of Donors and its Impact on Transplant Outcomes and Graft Survival
Authors: Tomulić Brusich Katarina , Acan Ivana , Živković Saša
Published: October 2024

Cadaveric donors are often presented with several pathophysiological alterations in hemodynamics, hormone balance, body temperature, and lung function. Therefore, appropriate medical management of a potential organ donor can be very challenging. However, it is one of the main conditions that ensures the preservation and quality of organs. There are still many controversies and conflicting recommendations in the management of organ donors. In this chapter, we present the main factors that influence early graft survival and transplant outcome, including socioeconomic and organizational factors, factors related to the demographics and genetics of the donor, and factors related to the direct donor preparation until the explantation procedure. The aim of this chapter is to cover all controversies and to abolish uncertainties in order to facilitate the management of potential donors.
Hypertrophy Energy Balance
Authors: José Benito Peinado Pedro , Armero Sotillo Alberto
Published: October 2024

The present chapter delves into the topic of muscle hypertrophy in detail, focusing on defining what muscle hypertrophy is, the types of hypertrophy, the mechanisms, and the relationship with resistance training, as well as the variables affecting hypertrophy such as nutrition, rest, exercise selection, training volume, and training frequency, among others. The importance of mechanical tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage as triggers for muscle hypertrophy is emphasized. Various types of muscle hypertrophy are explored, including connective tissue hypertrophy and sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar hypertrophy. The text also delves into how hypertrophy mechanisms relate to resistance training, highlighting the significance of mechanical tension and metabolic stress as stimuli for muscle hypertrophy. In a practical point of view, the text also discusses factors like nutrition and recovery, highlighting the importance of maintaining a positive energy balance and adequate protein intake to promote muscle growth optimally. Training variables such as exercise selection, exercise order, intensity, volume, frequency, and tempo of execution are discussed in detail, outlining their impact on muscle hypertrophy. The text provides a comprehensive overview of muscle hypertrophy, analyzing various factors that influence the ability to increase muscle mass. It offers detailed information on the biological mechanisms, types of hypertrophy, training strategies, and nutritional and recovery considerations necessary to achieve optimal results in terms of muscle hypertrophy.
Enhancing Fashion Graduate Employability through Non-Placement Work-Integrated Learning: Designing a Scaffolded, Integrated Curriculum Framework for Real-World Impact
Authors: Singh Divya , Svendsen Heidi
Published: October 2024

Today’s world of work requires graduates with a robust blend of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and industry acumen, and the contemporary fashion industry is no exception. Fashion higher education institutions face the challenge of nurturing graduates capable of responding to these expectations. Answering this need will require an innovative curriculum that not only imparts disciplined learning and essential skills but also ensures meaningful employment outcomes. Successful career trajectories in fashion are contingent upon graduates’ ability to exhibit strong critical thinking, creative problem-solving, and resilience. This research presents a model for successfully cohering in work-integrated learning (WIL) and collaborative learning environments to enable these outcomes. It defines a framework to address the experience gap among fashion graduates and proposes the incorporation of an applied WIL approach, utilizing an interdisciplinary project methodology, fashion brand mentorship, and reflective assessment. The proposed curriculum fosters industry-relevant skills, graduate employability for real-world impact, and career progression in the dynamic fashion industry. Foregrounding synergies between theory and practice, this study contributes to the ongoing dialog on curriculum innovation in fashion education. It offers insights into how institutions can better prepare their graduates for the multifaceted challenges of the modern fashion landscape, bridging the gap between academic learning and industry requirements.
External Validation of the RESCUE-IHCA Score as a Predictor for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Ho Yi-Ju , Su Pei-I , Chi Chien-Yu , Tsai Min-Shan , Chen Yih-Sharng , Huang Chien-Hua
Published: October 2024

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) improves the prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). The six-factor RESCUE-IHCA score (resuscitation using ECPR during IHCA) was developed to predict outcomes of post-IHCA ECPR-treated adult patients. Our goal was to validate the score in an Asian medical center with a high volume and experience of ECPR performance and to compare the differences in patient characteristics between the current study and the original cohort in a 2022 observational study. Method: For this single-center, retrospective cohort study we enrolled 324 ECPR-treated adult IHCA patients. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We used the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) to externally validate the RESCUE-IHCA score. The calibration of the model was tested by the decile calibration plot as well as Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-ﬁt with an associated P-value. Results: Of the 324 participants, 231 (71%) died before hospital discharge. The discriminative performance of the RESCUE-IHCA score was comparable with the originally validated cohort, with an AUC of 0.63. A prolonged duration of cardiac arrest was associated with an increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% conﬁdence interval [CI] 1.01–1.03, P = .006). An initial rhythm of ventricular tachycardia (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.51, P = .003), ventricular ﬁbrillation (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.46, P = .003), and palpable pulse (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.92, P = 0.04) were associated with a reduced mortality risk compared to asystole or pulseless electrical activity. In contrast to the original study, age (P = 0.28), resuscitation timing (P = 0.14), disease category (P = 0.18), and pre-existing renal insufﬁciency (P = 0.12) were not associated with in-hospital death. Conclusion: In external validation, the RESCUE-IHCA score exhibited performance comparable to its original validation within the single-center population. Further investigation on hospital experience, time-of-day effect, and speciﬁc disease categories is warranted to improve the selection criteria for ECPR candidates during IHCA.
Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Casanova Dias Marisa , Bunn Sarah
Published: October 2024

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health concern, with a growing body of research describing the effects on the population since March 2020. This POSTnote summarises the key findings from research, highlights the groups most affected and their mental health outcomes, and the limitations of current knowledge. It also discusses policy approaches to protect mental health and how healthcare services can adapt to improve outcomes.