bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiseptic management of critical wounds: differential bacterial response upon exposure to antiseptics and first insights into antiseptic/phage interactions
Authors: Tagliaferri Thaysa Leite , Rhode Sophie , Muñoz Priscila , Simon Kevin , Krüttgen Alex , Stoppe Christian , Ruhl Tim , Beier Justus P. , Horz Hans-Peter , Kim Bong-Sung
Published: May 2024

Background:

With the antibiotic crisis, the topical antibacterial control including chronic wounds gains increasing importance. However, little is known regarding tolerance development when bacteria face repetitive exposure to the identical antiseptics as commonly found in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical isolates foremost of chronic wounds were exposed in vitro to dilutions of two antiseptics used for wound therapy: polyhexanide or octenidine. Adaptive response was determined by growth/kill curves, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and whole genome sequencing. Antiseptic/bacteriophage combinations were studied by liquid-infection assays and bacterial plating.

Results:

Polyhexanide acted stronger against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis while octenidine was more potent against Staphylococcus aureus. Otherwise, the antiseptic efficacy varied across isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Upon repetitive exposure with constant antiseptic concentrations P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis adaptation was evident by a reduced lag-phase and a twofold increased MIC. Under increasing octenidine concentrations, P. aeruginosa adapted to an eightfold higher dosage with mutations in smvA, opgH, and kinB affecting an efflux pump, alginate and biofilm formation, respectively. S. aureus adapted to a fourfold increase of polyhexanide with a mutation in the multiple peptide resistance factor MprF, also conferring cross-resistance to daptomycin. Antiseptic/bacteriophage combinations enhanced bacterial inhibition and delayed adaptation.

Conclusion:

Different bacterial species/strains respond unequally to low-level antiseptic concentrations. Bacterial adaptation potential at phenotypic and genotypic levels may indicate the necessity for a more nuanced selection of antiseptics. Bacteriophages represent a promising yet underexplored strategy for supporting antiseptic treatment, which may be particularly beneficial for the management of critical wounds.
Prevalence and location of coronary artery disease in anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries
Authors: Zendjebil Sandra , Koutsoukis Athanasios , Rodier Thomas , Hyafil Fabien , Halna du Fretay Xavier , Dupouy Patrick , Juliard Jean-Michel , Farnoud Reza , Ou Phalla , Laissy Jean-Pierre , Couffignal Camille , Aubry Pierre ,   on behalf of the ANOCOR investigators
Published: May 2024

Background

The prevalence and location of coronary artery disease (CAD) in anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) remain poorly documented in adults. We sought to assess the presence of CAD in proximal (or ectopic) and distal (or nonectopic) segments of AAOCA. We hypothesized that the representation of CAD may differ among the different courses of AAOCA.

Methods

The presence of CAD was analyzed on coronary angiography and/or coronary computed tomography angiography in 390 patients (median age 64 years; 73% male) with AAOCA included in the anomalous coronary arteries multicentric registry.

Results

AAOCA mainly involved circumflex artery (54.4%) and right coronary artery (RCA) (31.3%). All circumflex arteries had a retroaortic course; RCA mostly an interarterial course (98.4%). No CAD was found in the proximal segment of interarterial AAOCA, whereas 43.8% of retroaortic AAOCA, 28% of prepulmonic AAOCA and 20.8% subpulmonic AAOCA had CAD in their proximal segments (P < 0.001). CAD was more prevalent in proximal than in distal segments of retroaortic AAOCA (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8–5.4, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a retroaortic course was associated with an increased prevalence of CAD in the proximal segment (adjusted OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3–10.7, P = 0.022).

Conclusion

Increased prevalence of CAD was found in the proximal segment of retroaortic AAOCA compared to the proximal segments of other AAOCA, whereas no CAD was observed in the proximal segment of interarterial AAOCA. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet clearly identified.
Consensus paper on the assessment of adult patients with traumatic brain injury with Glasgow Coma Scale 13–15 at the emergency department: A multidisciplinary overview
Authors: Backus Barbra E. , Moustafa Farès , Skogen Karoline , Sapin Vincent , Rane Neil , Moya-Torrecilla Francisco , Biberthaler Peter , Tenovuo Olli
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common reason for presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The assessment of these patients is frequently hampered by various confounders, and diagnostics is still often based on nonspecific clinical signs. Throughout Europe, there is wide variation in clinical practices, including the follow-up of those discharged from the ED. The objective is to present a practical recommendation for the assessment of adult patients with an acute TBI, focusing on milder cases not requiring in-hospital care. The aim is to advise on and harmonize practices for European settings. A multiprofessional expert panel, giving consensus recommendations based on recent scientific literature and clinical practices, is employed. The focus is on patients with a preserved consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale 13–15) not requiring in-hospital care after ED assessment. The main results of this paper contain practical, clinically usable recommendations for acute clinical assessment, decision-making on acute head computerized tomography (CT), use of biomarkers, discharge options, and needs for follow-up, as well as a discussion of the main features and risk factors for prolonged recovery. In conclusion, this consensus paper provides a practical stepwise approach for the clinical assessment of patients with an acute TBI at the ED. Recommendations are given for the performance of acute head CT, use of brain biomarkers and disposition after ED care including careful patient information and organization of follow-up for those discharged.
Degradable piezoelectric biomaterials for medical applications
Authors: Bai Yuan , Meng Hongyu , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2024

The energy harvesting technology based on piezoelectricity promises to achieve a self-powered mode for portable medical electronic devices. Piezoelectric materials, as crucial components in electromechanical applications, have extensively been utilized in portable medical electronic devices. Especially, degradable piezoelectric biomaterials have received much attention in the medical field due to their excellent biocompatibility and biosafety. This mini-review mainly summarizes the types and structural characteristics of degradable piezoelectric biomaterials from degradable piezoelectric small-molecule crystals to piezoelectric polymers. Afterward, medical applications are briefly introduced, including energy harvester and sensor, actuator and transducer, and tissue engineering scaffold. Finally, from a material perspective, some challenges currently faced by degradable piezoelectric biomaterials are proposed.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy in infant presenting as acute febrile illness: a case report
Authors: Acharya Santosh , Upadhaya Regmi Binit , Adhikari Yuvraj , Thapa Prabin , Basnet Deep , Paudel Bikram
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Importance:

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. It results from ARSA enzyme deficiency, causing sulfatide accumulation and myelin damage. Early diagnosis is crucial, and this case highlights the diagnostic challenges and rapid health deterioration associated with MLD.

Case Presentation:

A 14-month-old male, initially presenting with fever and crying during micturition, experienced a devastating health decline. Previously, he had achieved developmental milestones but rapidly lost motor and cognitive skills. Extensive investigations led to an MLD diagnosis, complicated by severe malnutrition. Despite medical interventions, his condition worsened, leading to cardiopulmonary arrest and a tragic end.

Clinical Discussion:

MLD is an exceedingly rare genetic disease with systemic effects, as illustrated by severe metabolic acidosis in this case. Early diagnosis, through comprehensive investigations like MRI, is critical, but MLD’s rapid progression poses challenges in management. Therapeutic options remain limited, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusion:

This case emphasizes the insidious nature of MLD, highlighting the need for considering rare genetic conditions in unexplained neurological regression. It underscores the urgency of improved awareness, early diagnosis, and comprehensive care for individuals affected by such devastating disorders. Despite the challenges, the medical community’s dedication to providing care and support remains unwavering.
Unusual spread of cervical adenocarcinoma to the endometrium and left fallopian tube: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zeer Zahraa M. M. , Jawaada Duha , Bannoura Sami , Jaber Saadah
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ are gradually increasing especially in younger women. However, unusual spread of cervical adenocarcinoma has rarely been reported.

Case presentation:

The authors report a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. She was misdiagnosed to have endometrial adenocarcinoma on the lower uterine segment depending on curettage specimen. After hysterectomy, it was revealed depending on morphological features in histology accompanied with immunohistochemistry that the patient had cervical adenocarcinoma with endometrial and left fallopian tube extension.

Discussion:

Distinguishing endocervical adenocarcinoma from endometroid adenocarcinoma poses many challenges especially when evaluating endometrial curettage specimens. Histological diagnosis based on morphological features combined with a panel of immunohistochemistry stains is crucial for accurate diagnosis and identifying the primary origin of the tumor.

Conclusion:

Accurate distinction between cervical adenocarcinoma versus endometrial adenocarcinoma is important because of its significant effects on choosing the appropriate treatment option.
A challenging diagnosis of Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis with hypothalamic-pituitary and mandibular involvement: case report and literature review
Authors: Ahmad Heya , Ahmad Yara , Ktyman Hanaa , Alali Mousa , Saifo Maher
Published: May 2024

Background:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare bone marrow derived neoplasm that mainly affects children. It is a multiorgan disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement is uncommon. LCH reveals a wide spectrum of indications; thus, the diagnosis and treatment are usually challenging.

Case Report:

A 22-year-old male presented with polydipsia, polyuria with nonspecific radiological findings, later on, developed a mandibular lesion and a biopsy was conducted which led to LCH diagnosis. After many improper treatments due to unclear diagnosis, the patient was finally placed on chemotherapy and is now under surveillance.

Discussion:

LCH is a rare disease with diverse clinical manifestations affecting various organs. Associated mutations, such as BRAF V600E, contribute to its complexity. In adults, initial symptoms include pain, weight loss, and fever, with potential pituitary involvement leading to Arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency. Commonly affected organs include bone, skin, and the pituitary gland. The disease can be categorized into single-system and multisystem. Pathological diagnosis involves electron microscopy or immunohistochemical staining. Treatment options vary; the presented case utilized Desmopressin acetate and prednisolone before transitioning to cyclophosphamide for multisystemic LCH.

Conclusion:

AVP deficiency can suggest hypothalamic-pituitary LCH, and a biopsy, if possible, is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
Overcome intraoperative difficulties of ALPPS procedure: a single-center outcomes and technical experience
Authors: Pham Anh The , Truong Cuong Manh , Trinh Phuong Huy
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds/aims:

Recently, the ALPPS (Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) has become widely known to achieve hepatic resection by rapid future liver remnant hypertrophy, but it comes with intraoperative difficulties, followed by increased complications. This study aimed to report the outcomes of an oncology center in a low-income and middle-income country with ALPPS in patients with liver tumors and its technical variants, which were invented to overcome intraoperative difficulties of the ALPPS procedure.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing ALPPS from September 2022 to December 2023 was performed.

Results:

A total of 25 patients underwent the ALPPS procedure: 21 procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 3 combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), and 1 for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC). The mean postoperative stay was 29.6 ± 9.3 days (range 16–58 days). After stage 1, we counted 8 complications, all of grade II; after stage 2, the number of complications was decreased to 3:2 were of grade I and 1 were of grade IIIB. 3 (12%) patients failed to proceed to ALPPS stage 2. After a median follow-up of 9 months (range 2–25), disease recurrence has been recorded in 3 patients (12%), while 1 patient (4%) died, affected by HCC. The entire group’s 2-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 83.3% and 82.5%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The ALPPS procedure is an approach for large liver tumors with small future liver remnant with acceptable OS and DFS in a low-income and middle-income country.
Management of multiple giant bladder diverticula: a comprehensive approach – a case report
Authors: Gazzah Wael , Ben Taher Souheil , Masmoudi Sedki , Hamza Mahmoud , Naouar Sahbi , Salem Braiek
Published: May 2024

Introduction and importance:

Bladder diverticula are commonly due to obstruction of the bladder outlet and are typically treated conservatively. However, the rarity and complexity of multiple giant diverticula require a tailor-made surgical approach.

Case presentation:

We report on a 72-year-old male who presented with severe urinary symptoms and lumbar pain, diagnosed with multiple giant bladder diverticula, including one compressing the ureter. The complex presentation of the patient, including his age and comorbidities, added layers of complexity to the clinical decision-making process.

Interventions and outcomes:

The patient underwent a two-stage surgery consisting of transurethral prostate resection followed by resection of three diverticula. Postoperatively, the patient showed a remarkable improvement in urinary symptoms, resolution of hydronephrosis, and, more importantly, no complications, demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the surgical strategy chosen.

Relevance and impact:

This case underscores the challenges in managing complex bladder diverticula, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment strategies and further research in atypical urological conditions. Furthermore, this case highlights the need to increase awareness and research on rare urological conditions. By sharing detailed insights from this case, we aim to enrich the clinical knowledge base, ultimately improving patient outcomes in similar challenging scenarios.
Acute cholangitis: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Cozma Matei-Alexandru , Găman Mihnea-Alexandru , Srichawla Bahadar S. , Dhali Arkadeep , Manan Muhammad Romail , Nahian Ahmed , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Suteja Richard Christian , Kutikuppala Lakshmi Venkata Simhachalam , Kipkorir Vincent , Găman Amelia Maria , Diaconu Camelia Cristina
Published: May 2024

Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the intra and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. It remains the second and third cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteremia, respectively, and is associated with mortality rates of up to 15%, despite advances in broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy and improved access to emergency biliary tract decompression procedures. Even though not much has changed in recent years in terms of diagnosis or treatment, new data have emerged regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria that serve as etiologic agents of cholangitis. Moreover, different approaches in antibiotic regimes depending on severity grading and bile sample cultures as well as novel minimally invasive endoscopic procedures that can help when consecrated treatments such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fail, cannot be performed, or are unavailable have been proposed. This state-of-the-art review aims to offer a complete and updated assessment of the epidemiology, novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods, complications, and prognostic variables of acute cholangitis. The authors will review the prognostic implications of unusual complications, the relevance of regular bile samples and antibiograms, and their new role in guiding antibiotic therapy and limiting antibiotic resistance to present an organized and comprehensive approach to the care of acute cholangitis.
Iron Deficiency Related to Obesity
Authors: Clark Pamela
Published: May 2024

There is a direct correlation between being overweight and iron deficiency. Physiological changes occur in obese adipose cells that contribute to the development of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). These changes disrupt the normal iron metabolic checks and balances. Furthermore, bariatric surgery can lead to long-term ID and IDA. Oral iron supplementation may not be effective for many of these patients. Intravenous iron infusions can significantly increase the quality of life for individuals experiencing this condition but are also associated with potentially serious complications. Adequate knowledge about intravenous (IV) iron administration can greatly increase the safety of this beneficial therapy. This review article explains the relationship between obesity, ID/IDA, bariatric surgery and the safe administration of IV iron.
More Than a Game
Authors: Guney Senem , Robertson Kyle
Published: May 2024

This performance improvement project introduced a mobile social gaming app for sharing positive feedback from patients and coworkers with nurses. After deployment, the app supported creating improvements as a supportive structure for engaging nurses in peer recognition to build a workplace culture of positivity and belonging. The authors discuss findings from the app's adoption and use among nurses and offer recommendations for leaders.
Trauma-informed palliative care for humanitarian crises
Authors: de Groot Janet M. , Miller Danielle S. , Willis Kelcie D. , Green Tamara , Calman Lynn , Feldstain Andrea , Rao Seema R. , Bahcivan Ozan , Fehon Dwain C.
Published: May 2024

Healthcare triage during humanitarian crises requires attention to saving lives and prevention of suffering at end of life. The prevalence of life-threatening experiences during humanitarian crises needs a trauma-informed palliative care approach, attending to the trauma-related psychosocial needs of patients, caregivers, and health care providers to support healing. This commentary includes research and practice literature that builds on and complements themes from an International Psychosocial Oncology Society Palliative Care Special Interest Group initiative. During humanitarian crises, palliative care experts contribute to mobilizing and training host country health care providers and volunteers who reciprocally promote cultural sensitivity for patients and their caregivers in all aspects of death and dying. Future directions require assessing how best to integrate trauma-informed principles into early and later responses to humanitarian crises. Culturally sensitive research partnerships with patients and caregivers must account for hierarchy and flexibility in research design and knowledge construction.
Spanish-Speaking Caregiver Preferences for Social Determinants of Health Screening
Authors: Swamy Padma , Monterrey Ana C. , Duran Cassandra , Wood Margaret S. , Aririguzo Lynda , Lopez Liezelle , Moreno Jasmine , Yu Xian , Raphael Jean L. , Gupta Aditi
Published: May 2024

Equitable social determinants of health (SDOH) screening has been recommended by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Joint Commission; however, little is known about Spanish-speaking caregiver preferences on how they would like to be screened. We conducted a cross-sectional study at 3 pediatric clinics (October-December 2019). Caregivers completed (in English or Spanish) an SDOH screening preferences survey. Three hundred eighty-two of 443 caregivers approached (response rate = 86.2%) completed the survey. Most were female, preferred Spanish, and completed only high school. Spanish-speaking caregivers had greater odds of preferring verbal SDOH screening (odds ratio: 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-9.2) than English-speaking caregivers. Verbal SDOH screening should be a consideration in families who speak Spanish. Future studies should utilize qualitative methods to further explore Spanish-speaking caregiver preferences for SDOH screening.
Investigating the Role of Local Board of Health Governance on Local Health Department Policymaking Behavior
Authors: Johnson Karl , Jensen Todd , Cilenti Dorothy , Wiesman John , Lich Kristen Hassmiller
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

This study sought to identify groupings of policymaking behavior among local governmental health departments (LHDs) across the country and assess whether such groupings were associated with the governance activity of their board of health (BOH).

Design:

We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify possible classes of policymaking behavior among LHDs. Once classes were identified, we used multinomial logistic regression (MLN) to estimate the association between an LHD’s policymaking behavior and the governance activity of their BOH.

Setting:

2019 wave of the National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO) Profile Survey.

Participants:

All LHDs with BOHs in the 2019 NACCHO Profile Survey (n = 1003).

Outcome Measures:

Within our MLN, our primary outcome of interest was the association between an LHD’s policymaking class (the main dependent variable) and the governance activity of its BOH (the main independent variable).

Results:

Based on our LCA, we determined our sample to be composed of what we characterized as “Limited Policy-Involvement,” “Average Policy Involvement,” and “Expanded Policy Involvement” LHDs. Those in the Expanded Class were more likely to be involved across all policy areas compared to the Limited and Average class, especially among social determinants of health (SDOH)-related areas. Our MLN estimated that having a BOH active in legal authority was associated with an 86% increased chance that an LHD would be in the “Average Class” compared to the “Limited Class” and having a BOH active in partnership engagement was associated with an 86% more likely chance that an LHD is in the “Expanded Class” compared to the “Average Class.”

Conclusion:

Using nationally representative data on LHD activity, we found distinct groups of policymaking behavior, including a quarter of LHDs that are highly active in traditional and SDOH-related policy areas. We also found that groupings of policymaking behavior, as indicated by class designation, are strongly associated with the BOH’s governance activity.
Use it or Lose it: Predictors of Compliance and Satisfaction With Postoperative Nasal Stent Therapy After Primary Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Obinero Chioma G. , Wei Shuyan , Tran Joseph T. , Govande Janhavi V. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Postoperative nasal stents (NSs) are used to improve esthetic outcomes after primary or secondary cleft lip repair (CLR). Prior studies have utilized anthropometric measurements or physician assessment to determine the efficacy of NS, but data on caregiver-reported outcomes is limited. This study aims to assess caregiver compliance and satisfaction with postoperative NS.

Methods:

The authors designed a survey to collect parent-reported postoperative NS usage outcomes. Parents of infants with cleft lip (CL) who used postoperative NS after primary CLR were approached through social media to complete the survey. Data were analyzed to determine factors impacting compliance, satisfaction, and parent-reported outcomes.

Results:

Eighty-five parents completed the questionnaire, and 60% reported noncompliance with NS. Parents with male children (odds ratio: 5.08, P = 0.019) and patients with incomplete CL (odds ratio: 5.72, P = 0.006) were more likely to be non-compliant with NS for over a week. Complete CL and use of presurgical molding therapy were each associated with better overall experience with postoperative NS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.037), higher appearance ratings (P = 0.005 and P = 0.0008), and greater satisfaction with nostril shape after surgery (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Despite limited literature related to caregiver-reported outcomes after postoperative NS for primary CLR, the authors’ results align with what has been published regarding this topic. These results can help guide surgeons in counseling patients preoperatively. Larger, multi-institutional studies are needed to better delineate and address factors associated with compliance and satisfaction after NS therapy.
The Asymmetry Within: A Renewed Look at Cupids Bow in Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Reynolds Jacob I. , Gschwendtner Ellie , Figueroa Alvaro , Smith Mathew , Johnson Brian P. , Polley John
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the angular variations within Cupid’s bow in patients with unoperated unilateral cleft lip (UCL). Angular features of Cupid’s bow were quantified in standardized presurgical photographs of children with UCL by 5 medical professionals specializing in craniofacial anomalies. The peaks and valley of Cupid’s bow were identified. A cleft side (CSA) and a noncleft side angle (NCSA) were delineated and measured by each expert. The data was pooled, and the angles were analyzed for symmetry. Cupid’s bow asymmetry was defined as a difference between NCSA and CSA ≥3°. Of the 37 patients studied, 29 were found to have asymmetry of Cupid’s bow with an average angle difference of 8.0° (95% CI: 6.6°–9.5°). Within this group,15 patients were found with acute asymmetry and 14 with obtuse asymmetry. Geometric analysis was performed on an example of a patient with acute asymmetry to demonstrate how correction of asymmetry can be considered during surgical repair. There is an asymmetry that exists in the Cupid’s bow of a significant number of patients with unoperated UCL. This finding not only adds to our understanding of UCL but may also have important implications when selecting the method/technique of surgical repair.
Primary iliac bone tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Dahou Hajar , Saley Younoussa Fataou , Aragon Imane , El Aouadi Salma , El Harras Yahya , Benaissa Elmostafa , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Bahadi Abdelaali , El Fenni Jamal , Maleb Adil , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is a major public health problem, and one of the world's leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It occurs in both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary forms, the pulmonary form being the most common. Primary iliac bone tuberculosis remains a rare clinical entity, even in endemic areas. Its diagnosis can be challenging due to its similarity to other bone conditions. We report a rare case of primary iliac bone tuberculosis in a 63-year-old patient on peritoneal dialysis, with the following medical history: hypertension, type II diabetes complicated by diabetic retinopathy and diabetic kidney disease. Recent advances in molecular biology, in particular with the advent of the Genexpert®, have considerably improved patient management, providing microbiological evidence in less than two hours.
WITHDRAWN: Ovarian Autotransplantation and experimental life span improvement
Authors: Ruhliada Nikolai
Published: May 2024

Withdrawal Statement

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript due to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2024/592661

Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. The correct preprint can be found at doi: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592661
Evolutionary and functional analyses reveal a role for the RHIM in tuning RIPK3 activity across vertebrates
Authors: Fay Elizabeth J. , Isterabadi Kolya , Rezanka Charles M. , Le Jessica , Daugherty Matthew D.
Published: May 2024

Receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) RIPK1 and RIPK3 play important roles in diverse innate immune pathways. Despite this, some RIPK1/3-associated proteins are absent in specific vertebrate lineages, suggesting that some RIPK1/3 functions are conserved while others are more evolutionarily labile. Here, we perform comparative evolutionary analyses of RIPK1-5 and associated proteins in vertebrates to identify lineage-specific rapid evolution of RIPK3 and RIPK1 and recurrent loss of RIPK3-associated proteins. Despite this, diverse vertebrate RIPK3 proteins are able to activate NF-κB and cell death in human cells. Additional analyses revealed a striking conservation of the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) in RIPK3, as well as other human RHIM-containing proteins. Interestingly, diversity in the RIPK3 RHIM can tune activation of NF-κB while retaining the ability to activate cell death. Altogether, these data suggest that NF-κB activation is a core, conserved function of RIPK3, and the RHIM can tailor RIPK3 function to specific needs within and between species.
Thoracic Aortic Three-Dimensional Geometry
Authors: Beeche Cameron , Dib Marie-Joe , Zhao Bingxin , Azzo Joe David , Tavolinejad Hamed , Maynard Hannah , Duda Jeffrey , Gee James , Salman Oday , BioBank Penn Medicine , Witschey Walter R. , Chirinos Julio A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Aortic structure impacts cardiovascular health through multiple mechanisms. Aortic structural degeneration occurs with aging, increasing left ventricular afterload and promoting increased arterial pulsatility and target organ damage. Despite the impact of aortic structure on cardiovascular health, three-dimensional (3D) aortic geometry has not been comprehensively characterized in large populations.

Methods

We segmented the complete thoracic aorta using a deep learning architecture and used morphological image operations to extract multiple aortic geometric phenotypes (AGPs, including diameter, length, curvature, and tortuosity) across various subsegments of the thoracic aorta. We deployed our segmentation approach on imaging scans from 54,241 participants in the UK Biobank and 8,456 participants in the Penn Medicine Biobank.

Conclusion

Our method provides a fully automated approach towards quantifying the three-dimensional structural parameters of the aorta. This approach expands the available phenotypes in two large representative biobanks and will allow large-scale studies to elucidate the biology and clinical consequences of aortic degeneration related to aging and disease states.
Open-Channel Droplet Microfluidic Platform for Passive Generation of Human Sperm Microdroplets
Authors: Nicholson Tristan M. , Tokihiro Jodie C. , Tu Wan-chen , Khor Jian Wei , Lee Ulri N. , Berthier Erwin , Amory John K. , Walsh Thomas J. , Muller Charles H. , Theberge Ashleigh B.
Published: May 2024

Sperm cryopreservation is important for many individuals across the globe. Recent studies show that vitrification is a valuable approach for maintaining sperm quality after freeze-thawing processes and requires sub-microliter to microliter volumes. A major challenge for the adoption of vitrification in fertility laboratories is the ability to pipette small volumes of sample. Here, we present an open droplet generator that leverages open-channel microfluidics to passively generate sub-microliter to microliter volumes of purified human sperm samples and preserves sperm kinematics. We conclude that our platform is compatible with human sperm, an important foundation for future implementation of vitrification in fertility laboratories.

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Exploiting gene expression profiles of circulating extracellular vesicles for breast cancer detection
Authors: Gupta Aritra , Ahmed Rosina , Agarwal Sanjit , Mukherjee Geetashree , Desai Kartiki V.
Published: May 2024

Background

Liquid biopsy-based biomarkers offer several advantages since they are minimally invasive, can be useful in longitudinal monitoring of the disease and have higher patient compliance. We hypothesize that RNA content of circulating EVs differs in breast cancer patients and healthy women. EV RNAs may provide an opportunity to diagnose, detect subtypes and metastatic states.

Experimental Design

RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR from matched tumor biopsy, circulating EVs from breast cancer patients (EV-C) and healthy donors (EV-H) was performed to find genes that discriminate between these groups.

Results

EV-C to EV-H comparison yielded 320 DEGs (adjustedpvalue ≤0.05) enriched for cancer related pathways like Myc, Reactive oxygen species, and Angiogenesis. Allograft rejection and Interferon pathway genes were over-represented in the cancer group. Top 6 genes were validated by qRT-PCR in a validation cohort. 5 genes consistently and correctly classified cancer and healthy groups. An independent set of 374 and 640 DEGs could segregate ER positive/ER negative and non-metastatic versus metastatic samples, respectively. EVs from metastatic samples had higher variability in gene expression patterns whereas those from non-metastatic samples showed better correlation. Ability of 4 genes to classify metastases state was explored.

Conclusion

We report five EV RNAs that can be used to diagnose breast cancer in a subtype independent manner. Initial analysis indicates that EV RNA content differs based on subtype specificity and metastasis status.
Empowering bioinformatics communities with Nextflow and nf-core
Authors: Langer Björn E. , Amaral Andreia , Baudement Marie-Odile , Bonath Franziska , Charles Mathieu , Chitneedi Praveen Krishna , Clark Emily L. , Di Tommaso Paolo , Djebali Sarah , Ewels Philip A. , Eynard Sonia , Yates James A. Fellows , Fischer Daniel , Floden Evan W. , Foissac Sylvain , Gabernet Gisela , Garcia Maxime U. , Gillard Gareth , Gundappa Manu Kumar , Guyomar Cervin , Hakkaart Christopher , Hanssen Friederike , Harrison Peter W. , Hörtenhuber Matthias , Kurylo Cyril , Kühn Christa , Lagarrigue Sandrine , Lallias Delphine , Macqueen Daniel J. , Miller Edmund , Mir-Pedrol Júlia , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Nahnsen Sven , Patel Harshil , Peltzer Alexander , Pitel Frederique , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , da Câmara Ribeiro-Dantas Marcel , Rocha Dominique , Salavati Mazdak , Sokolov Alexey , Espinosa-Carrasco Jose , Notredame Cedric ,   the nf-core community.
Published: May 2024

Standardised analysis pipelines are an important part of FAIR bioinformatics research. Over the last decade, there has been a notable shift from point-and-click pipeline solutions such as Galaxy towards command-line solutions such as Nextflow and Snakemake. We report on recent developments in the nf-core and Nextflow frameworks that have led to widespread adoption across many scientific communities. We describe how adopting nf-core standards enables faster development, improved interoperability, and collaboration with the >8,000 members of the nf-core community. The recent development of Nextflow Domain-Specific Language 2 (DSL2) allows pipeline components to be shared and combined across projects. The nf-core community has harnessed this with a library of modules and subworkflows that can be integrated into any Nextflow pipeline, enabling research communities to progressively transition to nf-core best practices. We present a case study of nf-core adoption by six European research consortia, grouped under the EuroFAANG umbrella and dedicated to farmed animal genomics. We believe that the process outlined in this report can inspire many large consortia to seek harmonisation of their data analysis procedures.
Silicification of Cyanobacteria
Authors: Sun Jun , Han Yabo , Thanagaraj Satheeswaran
Published: May 2024

The ability to use dissolved silicon has been found in various oceanic phytoplankton, including eukaryotic diatoms and prokaryotic cyanobacteria. While the silicification process in diatoms has been extensively studied, it is poorly known in cyanobacteria. In this study, the Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) silicification and its evolutionary relationships of silicon-related proteins with different phytoplankton and algae were compared. Results showed that, compared to others, cyanobacteria have similar silicification proteins as diatoms. In detail, cyanobacteria and diatoms displayed three silicification-related proteins (SIT, Silaffins, and Pleuralins), while several genera showed one or two of them, suggesting that cyanobacteria might have developed a Si related mechanism earlier than the diatoms and other species. Our findings show that, despite cyanobacteria’s earlier silicon mechanism compared to others, they might not use efficient Si accumulation, perhaps adapting unique intracellular elemental variation for their cellular processes for growth potential.
Predictive visual patterns during table tennis forehand rallies
Authors: Shinkai Ryosuke , Ando Shintaro , Nonaka Yuki , Kizuka Tomohiro , Ono Seiji
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to clarify predictive visual patterns of skilled table tennis players during forehand rallies. Collegiate male table tennis players (n = 7) conducted forehand rallies at a constant tempo (100, 120 and 150 bpm) using a metronome. In each tempo condition, participants performed a total of 30 strokes (three conditions). Gaze fixation time, gaze targets and saccade eye movements were detected by video footage of an eye tracking device. We found that participants gazed at a ball approaching them only 20 % of the total rally time. Participants tended to gaze at the ball when the opponent hit the ball and move their gaze away from the ball after that. Furthermore, saccades were directed toward the opposite side of the court including the opponent after tracking the ball. These findings suggest that focusing on the opponent motion is important for successful forehand table tennis rallies. Taken together, skilled table tennis players are likely to use unique visual patterns for interceptive sports players to estimate spatiotemporal information about the ball.
ACKR3 agonism induces heterodimerization with chemokine receptor CXCR4 and attenuates platelet function
Authors: Dicenta-Baunach Valerie , Laspa Zoi , Schaale David , Sigle Manuel , Bayrak Alp , Castor Tatsiana , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Laufer Stefan , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Rohlfing Anne-Katrin
Published: May 2024

Background

Platelet receptors ACKR3 and CXCR4 play a crucial role in a variety of cardio-vascular diseases. Like most chemokine receptors, CXCR4 is a G protein coupled receptor that induces platelet activation. In contrast, the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) lacks the ability to activate heterotrimeric G proteins and its activation leads to platelet inhibition and attenuates thrombus formation. In nucleated cells, heterodimerization of ACKR3 with CXCR4 regulates CXCL12-dependent signaling. The aim of our study was to investigate the formation of ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers in platelets and the subsequent consequences for platelet function.

Methods and results

Using a microscopy proximity ligation assay (PLA, Duolink®) to screen for CXCR4/ACKR3 heterodimerization inducing compounds, we found that ACKR3 agonism but not conventional platelet agonists or endogen ligands lead to heterodimer formation. To further characterize the formation of ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers, we studied the CXCL12-dependent platelet activation via CXCR4. Both, CXCL12-dependent platelet aggregation and collagen-dependentex vivothrombus formation were significantly downregulated by ACKR3 agonism. Moreover, platelet intracellular calcium and Akt signaling were increased by CXCL12 and again suppressed by ACKR3-specific agonists. Previously, CXCL12 was shown to decrease platelet cAMP levels via CXCR4. Treatment with a specific ACKR3 agonist counteracted this CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent cAMP decrease.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that the formation of platelet ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers is dependent on ACKR3 rather than CXCR4. Furthermore, ACKR3 agonism induced heterodimerization is associated with mitigating CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent platelet activation possibly by modulating CXCR4-dependent G protein signaling. Our results indicate possible ACKR3 agonist functions and reinforce the potential therapeutic applications of ACKR3 agonists.

Abstract Figure

Graphical abstract:

CXCR4/ACKR3 heterodimerization in platelets.
The effects of pressure on anticipatory postural adjustments during a jump shot in basketball
Authors: Konno Kiyohiro , Itaya Atsushi , Kizuka Tomohiro , Ono Seiji
Published: May 2024

Background

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) play an important role in feedforward control of dynamic movement, such as jump shot performance in basketball. It is known that jump shot performance declines under pressure from a defender (shot blocker).

Research question

Does pressure from a shot blocker affect APAs of a jump shot in basketball? Is jump shot performance in basketball associated with APAs?

Methods

Fourteen healthy male university basketball players performed jump shots under pressure and non-pressure (free) conditions by a shot blocker. Using a force plate, the APAs were defined as occurring until the point of thrust (TH) phase, and ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (COP) at that moment were assessed. To assess jump shot performance, the maximum GRF during the TH phase (THmax), jumping height, and success score of the shot (accuracy score: AS) were measured by using the vertical component of the force plate. Two-way ANOVA examined the effects of the phase and condition on APA duration. Pairwise t-tests analyzed pressure effects on subjective pressure intensity, AS, and kinetics measures. Relationships between condition changes in AS and COP or GRF variables were assessed via Pearson correlations. Differences between the pressure and free conditions were denoted by Δ.

Results

The APA duration was shorter under the pressure condition compared to the free condition. The THmaxand jump height values were greater under the pressure condition relative to the free condition. Across conditions, changes in COP variables were significantly and negatively correlated with AS.

Significance

The results of this study suggest that pressure from a shot blocker shortens APA duration and decreases jump shot performance. Additionally, by measuring players’ APAs and evaluating relationships with jump shooting proficiency, APA variables could potentially serve as indicators of skill expertise.
Probing the effects of polysaccharide hydrogel composition on the viability and pro-angiogenic function of human adipose-derived stromal cells
Authors: Serack Fiona E. , Fennell Kaylee A. , Iliopoulos Christina , Walker John T. , Ronald John A. , Amsden Brian G. , Hess David A. , Flynn Lauren E.
Published: May 2024

Cell therapies harnessing the pro-vascular regenerative capacities of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations, including human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs), have generated considerable interest as an emerging treatment strategy for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its progression to critical limb ischemia (CLI). There is evidence to support that polysaccharide hydrogels can enhance therapeutic efficacy when applied as minimally-invasive delivery systems to support MSC survival and retention within ischemic tissues. However, there has been limited research to date on the effects of hydrogel composition on the phenotype and function of encapsulated cell populations. Recognizing this knowledge gap, this study compared the pro-angiogenic function of hASCs encapsulated in distinct but similarly-modified natural polysaccharide hydrogels composed of methacrylated glycol chitosan (MGC) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MHA). Initialin vitrostudies confirmed high viability (>85%) of the hASCs following encapsulation and culture in the MGC and MHA hydrogels over 14 days, with a decrease in the cell density observed over time. Moreover, higher levels of a variety of secreted pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory factors were detected in conditioned media samples collected from the hASCs encapsulated in the MGC-based hydrogels compared to the MHA hydrogels. Subsequent testing focused on comparing hASC delivery within the MGC and MHA hydrogels to saline controls in a femoral artery ligation-induced CLI (FAL-CLI) model in athymicnu/numice over 28 days. For thein vivostudies, the hASCs were engineered to express tdTomato and firefly luciferase to quantitatively compare the efficacy of the two platforms in supporting the localized retention of viable ASCs through longitudinal cell tracking with bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Interestingly, hASC retention was significantly enhanced when the cells were delivered in the MHA hydrogels as compared to the MGC hydrogels or saline. However, laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) indicated that the restoration of hindlimb perfusion was similar between the treatment groups and controls. These findings were corroborated by endpoint immunofluorescence (IF) staining showing similar levels of CD31+cells in the ligated limbs at 28 days in all groups. Overall, this study demonstrates that enhanced MSC retention may be insufficient to augment vascular regeneration, emphasizing the complexity of designing biomaterials platforms for MSC delivery for therapeutic angiogenesis. In addition, the data points to a potential challenge in approaches that seek to harness the paracrine functionality of MSCs, as strategies that increase the secretion of immunomodulatory factors that can aid in regeneration may also lead to more rapid MSC clearancein vivo.
ninna nannalinks circadian and homeostatic sleep drive inDrosophila
Authors: Petzold Anne , Gilestro Giorgio F.
Published: May 2024

Sleep is under control of two processes – circadian and homeo-static regulation – but little is known about how these two processes integrate. Here, we identify aDrosophilagene,ninna nanna, encoding two alternatively spliced isoforms: Ninna and Nanna. Both proteins encode aldo-keto reductases and are expressed in different, yet interconnected neurons. One isoform,ninna, encodes an aldo-keto reductase with predicted affinity for NADP(H) and is expressed in key circadian pacemaker neurons, the s-LNvs. The second isoform,nanna, encodes an aldo-keto reductase with predicted affinity for NAD(H) and is expressed in ICLI neurons, a pair of wake-promoting peptidergic neurons whose inhibition relieves sleep pressure. Ninna and nanna neurons interconnect to integrate a binary sleep sensing circuit in whichninnareceives circadian information andnannaencodes homeostatic sleep pressure.ninna nannadefines an archetypal circuit for the integration of circadian and homeostatic sleep drive and reinforces the hypothesized link between aldo-keto reductases and sleep regulation.