bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN TEKNIS AGRONOMI PELIBURAN TANAMAN JERUK SIAM BANJAR (Citrus reticulata) DENGAN WAKTU PEMATANGAN BUAH BERDASARKAN TIPE LUAPAN DI KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Dewi Karina Citra , Rusmayadi Gusti , Adriani Dewi Erika
Published: September 2022

Peliburan is a term, that raised up the mud from the channels to the mound (called tukungan/guludan in local language) or raise beds as one of agronomic technics based on local indigenous of tidal swamplands farmers in South Kalimantan. Peliburan has many benefits for Siam Banjar citrus plant, namely creating a suitable microclimate so that it might be used to determine the appropriate time for ripening and harvesting of citrus fruits. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Determine the effect of  peliburan on ripening time of Siam Banjar citrus fruit based on the type of overflow in Barito Kuala Regency, 2) Determine the joint or simultaneous effect, and partial effect of peliburan on ripening time of the Siam Banjar citrus fruit in Barito Kuala Regency 3) Determine the direct effect of peliburan on ripening time of Siam Banjar citrus fruit in Barito Kuala Regency.     The recent study  used survey and observation methods. The research location was chosen in purposive sampling method by considering the type of overflow and farmers as respondents in the selected villages with high productivity of Siam Banjar citrus. The study was conducted in four district in Barito Kuala Regency, namely Mandastana District, Belawang District, Cerbon District and Barambai District. The data analysis used to determine the effect of Peliburan was multiple regression analysis with a dummy variable consisted of 7 variables, namely X1 : time of peliburan,  X2 :  shape of peliburan, X3 : diameter of peliburan (cm), X4 : height of peliburan (cm), X5 : spacing between peliburan (population), X6 : age of peliburan (years) and X7 : Soil temperature (oC).            The results showed that agronomic technics that is shape of peliburan, height of peliburan, spacing between peliburan and soil temperature had an effect on ripening time of Siam Banjar citrus fruit both at type A and type B overflow in Barito Kuala Regency. Simultaneously, all independent variables of peliburan had a significant linear relationship with the dependent variable that is ripening time of Siam Banjar citrus fruit in Barito Kuala Regency. Partially, at type A overflow, time of peliburan, diameter of peliburan, spacing between peliburan , height of peliburan, and soil temperature had a significant effect, whereas at type B overflow, time of peliburan, diameter of peliburan, height of peliburan, spacing between peliburan and age of peliburan  had a significant effect on ripening time of Siam Banjar citrus fruit. The dominant direct effect of peliburan at type A and type B overflow was the soil temperature and height of peliburan.
Eksternalitas Usaha Budidaya Ikan Patin dalam Kolam di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan Externalities of Patin Fish Farming in Ponds in Banjar District, South Kalimantan
Authors: Febrianty Irma
Published: September 2022

The business of developing catfish in Banjar Regency since 2000 has had both positive and negative impacts on the social, economic and environmental environment. The aim of the study is to analyze the environmental externalities of catfish culture. The method used is Oppurtunity cost. The results of the analysis of the environmental externalities of the catfish culture business in the pond produced a direct positive impact, namely the emergence of catfish hatchery business, the absorption of local labor and the indirect positive impact of mud resulting from draining the fish culture pond can be used for plants and the emergence of food stalls and stalls for daily necessities and fishing ponds. The negative impact that is immediately felt by the community is runoff of pool water into the road.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN BUDIDAYA TERHADAP LAJU PERTUMBUHAN UDANG VANAME (L. vannamei)
Authors: Ariadi Heri , Madusari Benny Diah , Mardhiyana Dewi
Published: September 2022

The aquaculture carrying capacity is the optimum capacity of the environment to accommodate the waste load that exists in the aquaculture ecosystem. The purpose of this research was to determine by the relationship and influence of the environmental carrying capacity of aquaculture ecosystems on the growth rate of vannamei shrimp (L. vannamei) based on dynamic modelling analysis. The research study method used in this study was an ex-pose facto causal design with the observed research indicators being water quality parameters and shrimp biological parameters. The results showed that during shrimp culture periods, the water quality indicators were still in accordance with the water quality standard values for aquaculture activities, except for the organic matter parameter which had a concentration of 93.48 mg/L (±17.02). Meanwhile, the shrimp growth rate continues to increase in an aggregate manner at an additional rate of 0.16 g/day. Shrimp growth rate has an opposite relationship with the percentage of feed rate described by the equation Y=0.180-0.001x. Then in another analysis it was stated that the shrimp growth rate in ponds was closely related to the environment carrying capacity of 71.5%. From the study results it can be concluded that there is a strong and mutually influencing relationship between with shrimp growth rate and the pond environment carrying capacity, which is described by the fluctuation pattern of the dynamic model that runs in rhythm.
DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PEMBANGUNAN PABRIK FARMASI XYZ DI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad
Published: September 2022

The construction of a pharmaceutical factory has an impact in the form of a decline in the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the environmental impact arising from construction a pharmaceutical factory. A descriptive qualitative approach was used. Analyses show that the development meets the environmental baseline in terms of the geo-physical aspect, but for the water around the location for several parameters it is above the quality standard, in terms of the biological environmental baseline it meets as a project development area, and In terms of the socio-economic and cultural components of the community. Some of the components that influence and cause a decline in development include: Physical and Chemical Environment, community social environment, environmental health. To overcome the problems that arise, recommendations are given for the water that will be used for factory operations by making a storage pond to accommodate rainwater and treated water from the WWTP so that it can be processed into clean water in the RWTP unit and management is carried out on all components of activities that have an impact. As a result, the pharmaceutical factory can be constructed according to plan.
Changes in the chemical characteristics of acid sulfate soil applied to oyster mushroom baglog waste compost
Authors: Wahyudianur Ahmad , Jumar Jumar , Heiriyani Tuti , Saputra Riza Adrianoor , Sari Nukhak Nufita
Published: September 2022

Acid sulfate soils are one of the potential lands for agriculture with appropriate treatment. The main problem in these soils is the chemical properties, which is high in acidity and limited nutrients availability and Fe and Al toxicity. Amelioration techniques are needed to improve the chemical properties of the soil, which is oyster mushroom baglog waste compost. This research aims to study the effect of oyster mushroom baglog waste (OMBW) compost to soil chemical properties, also to know the best dosage which affects chemical properties. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Agroecotechnology Department and the Laboratory of the Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The research was started from August-October 2020. One-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications was used, the b0 treatment was not OMBW compost, b1 was 5 t ha-1, b2 was 10 t ha-1, b3 was 15 t ha-1, and b4 was 20 t ha-1. The application of the OMBW compost significantly affected the soil pH and decreased soluble-Fe and Al, but did not significantly affect the Eh value at 2 WAA (Week After Application). The best concentration of dose of OMBW compost was 10 t ha-1 which improved soil pH, decreased soluble-Fe and Al.
Economic Value of Environmental Services of Swamp Land Ecosystem (A Case Study in the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Kalimantan Selatan)
Authors: Hamdani Hamadani , Santoso Djoko , Rifiana Rifiana
Published: September 2022

About 22,000 hectares are planned to be converted to oil palm plantations by the local government. However, this area has been the source of livelihood for the Banjar people for generations. This economic-environmental services valuation was carried out using a total valuation approach. Previous studies have shown that swamps have economic benefits as a source of water for rice farming (Oryza sativa), timber (Melaleuca cajuputi), fisheries, handicraft crops (Eleocharis dulcis), and for drinking water. They also have ecological benefits in biological functions such as fish feed and breeding grounds, Galam (Melaleuca leucadendron) breeding, water storage, carbonate stocks, and biodiversity value. The total economic value was 21.3 million IDR per ha, with a ratio of the economic value of 7.15% and the value of ecosystem services (ecological) of 92.85%.
Asessing the Accuracy of Google Trends for Predicting Presidential Elections: The Case of Chile 2006-2021
Authors: Vergara-Perucich Francisco
Published: September 2022

This article presents the results of reviewing the predictive capacity of Google trends for national elections in Chile. The electoral results of the elections between Michelle Bachelet and Sebastián Piñera in 2006, Sebastián Piñera and Eduardo Frei in 2010, Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei in 2013, Sebastián Piñera and Alejandro Guillier in 2017, and Gabriel Boric and José Antonio Kast in 2021 were reviewed. The time series analysed were organised on the basis of relative searches between the candidacies, assisted by R software, mainly with the gtrendsR and forecast libraries. With the series constructed, forecasts were made using the ARIMA technique to check the weight of one presidential option over the other. The ARIMA analyses were performed on 3 ways of organising the data: the linear series, the series transformed by moving average and the series transformed by Hodrick-Prescott. The result indicates that the method offers optimal pre-dictive ability.
Nursing staff as a provider of safe and high-quality medical care
Authors: Gaboyan Y. S. , Pivkina A. I.
Published: September 2022

Safe in-hospital environment is a number one priority for any medical organization, with patients’ safety being the key indicator of satisfactory medical care provided. Nursing staff engagement into hospital safety strategy is critical in order for the strategy to function as needed with the best possible patient’s safety outcomes.
Coaching, Separate from Mentoring, May Provide Skill Acquisition, Improved Well-Being, and Career Advancement in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Samora Julie Balch , Brown Gregory A. , Clohisy Denis , Weber Kristy
Published: September 2022

Coaching is separate from mentoring, and can include life coaching, skills coaching, and behavior coaching. Life coaching can focus on purpose, work-life balance, well-being, and career path. Skills coaching encourages mastery and promotes autonomy. Behavior coaching may be mandated for a disruptive surgeon. Coaching has been shown to reduce burnout and promote well-being and can potentially advance a surgeon’s career trajectory and leadership skills.
Disordered eating behaviors and psychological correlates. Data from the Ensanut 2018-19
Authors: Unikel-Santoncini Claudia , Bojorquez-Chapela Ietza , Hernández-Serrato María I , Villalobos-Hernández Aremis
Published: September 2022

Objective. To analyze the relationship between disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents in a national survey in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 were used. Three levels of DEB were established: no risk (DEB-NR), moderate risk (DEB-MR), and high risk (DEB-HR). An ordinal logistic regression model was performed with level of DEB risk as a dependent variable. Results. National prevalence of DEB-MR was 6.0% (95%CI: 5.6, 6.5), while that of DEB-HR was 1.3% (95%CI: 1.1, 1.6). Suicide attempt (OR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.02,3.25) and depressive symptoms (OR= 2.6, 95%CI: 1.40,4.98) were associated with being at a higher risk of DEB. Conclusion. Since both depressive symptoms and suicide attempt are associated with DEB, prevention strategies should consider interventions that simultaneously address the various mental health problems present in adolescence.
Metodología de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 y Planeación y diseño de la Ensanut Continua 2020-2024
Authors: Romero-Martínez Martín , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Cuevas-Nasu Lucia , Bautista-Arrendondo Sergio , Colchero M Arantxa , Gaona-Pineda Elsa B , Martínez-Barnetche Jesús , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Gómez-Acosta Luz M , Mendoza-Alvarado Laura R , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Shamah-Levy Teresa
Published: September 2022

Objetivo. Presentar el diseño de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2022 y cuantificar el avance de la Ensanut Continua 2020-2024. Material y métodos. La Ensanut 2022 es la tercera encuesta de la serie de en­cuestas denominada Ensanut Continua 2020-2024. En este documento se describe el alcance de la Ensanut 2022 y sus procedimientos de muestreo, medición y organización logís­tica. Además, se presenta el avance esperado de la Ensanut Continua 2020-2024 al concluir la Ensanut 2022. Resulta­dos. La Ensanut 2022 obtendrá, a nivel nacional, al menos 10 160 entrevistas completas de hogar y 9 441 resultados de seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones. La Ensanut 2022 estimará la prevalencia de seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 a nivel nacional y regional y avanzará en la acumulación de información para alcanzar los objetivos de la Ensanut Con­tinua 2020-2024.
Adjuvant trastuzumab without chemotherapy for treating early HER2-positive breast cancer in older patients: a propensity score-adjusted analysis of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sawaki Masataka , Taira Naruto , Uemura Yukari , Saito Tsuyoshi , Baba Shinichi , Kobayashi Kokoro , Kawashima Hiroaki , Tsuneizumi Michiko , Sagawa Noriko , Bando Hiroko , Takahashi Masato , Yamaguchi Miki , Takashima Tsutomu , Nakayama Takahiro , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Mizuno Toshiro , Yamamoto Yutaka , Iwata Hiroji , Toyama Tatsuya , Tsugawa Koichiro , Kawahara Takuya , Mukai Hirofumi
Published: September 2022

Purpose To gauge the effects of treatment practices on prognosis for all older patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer, particularly to determine whether adjuvant trastuzumab alone can offer benefit over no adjuvant therapy. This report accompanies the RESPECT study, a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) comparing trastuzumab monotherapy with trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy.Patients and methods Patients who declined the RCT were treated based on the physician’s discretion. We studied the (1) trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy group, (2) trastuzumab-monotherapy group, and (3) non-trastuzumab group (no therapy or anticancer therapy without trastuzumab). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS), which was compared using the propensity-score method. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were also assessed.Results We enrolled 123 eligible patients, aged over 70 years, with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer in this cohort study. The median age was 74.5 years. Among cohort study treatment categories were as follows: (1) trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy group (n = 36, 30%), (2) trastuzumab-monotherapy group (n = 52, 43%), and (3) non-trastuzumab group (n = 32, 27%). A total of 73% of patients received trastuzumab-containing regimens, with or without chemotherapy. The 3-year DFS was 92.3% in the trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy group, 89.2% in the trastuzumab-monotherapy group, and 82.5% in the non-trastuzumab group. DFS in the non-trastuzumab group was lower than in the trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy and trastuzumab-monotherapy groups (propensity-adjusted HR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.15–9.39; P = 0.026). The RFS in the non-trastuzumab group was lower than in the trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy and trastuzumab monotherapy groups (propensity-adjusted HR = 7.80; 95% CI: 2.32–26.2, P < 0.0001). There were no significant intergroup differences in the proportions of patients showing QoL deterioration (P = 0.717) and improvement (P = 0.652) at 36 months.Conclusions Trastuzumab-treated patients had better prognoses than patients not treated with trastuzumab without deterioration of HRQoL. Thus, trastuzumab monotherapy can be considered for patients who reject chemotherapy.Trial registration number The protocol was registered on the website of the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN), Japan (protocol ID: UMIN 000028476).
The Whistleblower’s Dilemma: An Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Public Health Early Warning System
Authors: Cao Feng , Zhang Ling , Wu Yihan
Published: September 2022

Although the ability to manage public health emergencies in China has improved significantly, there are still many challenges to the existing information transmission mechanism in pandemic early warning systems. In this context, a tripartite evolutionary game model composed of the local government, the whistleblower, and the public is formulated. By using Matlab, the dynamic evolution path of the game model is stimulated under different conditions. Stable strategies for an early warning system for public health emergencies are also being explored. The results indicate that the cost of whistleblowing, the cost of response, and the benefit of attention significantly influence strategic decisions among three parties. This study highlights the importance of whistleblowing in managing public health emergencies. Yet our findings provide theoretical support for policy recommendations for promoting public health emergency preparedness.
Prevalence, trend and associated risk factors of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
Authors: Gutema Gadissa , Hailu Habteyes , Fikadu Dinka , Leta Dereje , Bejiga Birra , Bulti Jaleta , Abdela Saro , Mamo Hassen
Published: September 2022

Background
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) can primarily occur during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding. However, there is limited recent evidence from large-scale study on MTCT of HIV in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence, trend and associated risk factors of MTCT among HIV-exposed infants.
Methodology
: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 5,679 infants whose specimen referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute HIV referral laboratory from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Required information was obtained from Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) database. Frequencies and percent were used to describe the distribution of the infants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV infection. The level of significance was set at 5%.
Results
The mean age of the infants was 12.64 (± 14.62) weeks with 4 to 72 weeks range. Half of the infants (51.4%) were female. Prevalence of HIV infection over the course of five years among HIV-exposed infants (HEI) was 2.6%. The prevalence of MTCT decreased from 2.9% in 2016 to 0.9% in 2020. After adjusting for covariates; infant testing after six weeks (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.8–4.0, )) p-value < 0.001, absence of Prevention of Mother-To-Child-Transmission (PMTCT) service (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: (2.9–7.4)) p-values = 0.001, lack of obtaining nevirapine prophylaxis (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: (1.3–3.2)) p-value < 0.001, and mother HIV status before date of delivery (AOR = 11; 95% CI: (5.5–22.1)) p-value < 0.001 were significantly associated with MTCT of HIV.
Conclusion
The prevalence of MTCT of HIV is considerable. However, the prevalence was declining during the study period. Tested after six weeks for EID, unavailability of PMTCT service were the factors associated with HIV infection among HEI. Strengthen PMTCT service and early HIV screening of pregnant women are critical to reduce HIV infection among HEI.
α-Synuclein oligomers induce the loss of dopaminergic neurons via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an intragastric rotenone mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Huang Teng , Chen Juan , Hong Mei , Huang Mengyang , Jiang Hong , Zhou Honglian , Zhu Suiqiang , Hu Qi
Published: September 2022

Background
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) oligomers play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuronal death induced by α-Syn oligomers is thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of α-Synuclein oligomers on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an intragastric rotenone mouse model of Parkinson’s disease and the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells.
Methods
A chronic PD mouse model was established by daily intragastric administration of rotenone (5 mg/kg, 12 weeks). α-Syn aggregation in midbrain was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial morphology in neurons of the substantia nigra in these mice were tested by levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The above results were validated in vitro by lentiviral overexpression and RNAi silencing of α-Syn expression in SH-SY5Y cells.
Results
α-Syn oligomers were accumulated in the midbrain of wild-type mice and the number of dopaminergic neurons was significantly reduced in the rotenone-treated mice. These mice also exhibited increased reactive oxygen species levels and morphological alterations of mitochondria in the midbrain. These results were reproduced in the α-Syn-transfected SH-SY5Y cells.
Conclusion
α-Syn oligomers induce neuronal death via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Taking Care of Us (TCU) Study Protocol: A Dyadic Intervention for Couples Living with Heart Failure
Authors: Lyons Karen S , Whitlatch Carol J , Vest Amanda R , Upshaw Jenica N , Johnson Stacy Hutton , Morelock Jeremiah , Lee Christopher S
Published: September 2022

Background: There are more than 1 million hospital admissions and 3 million emergency visits for heart failure in the U.S. annually. Although spouse/partners make substantial contributions to the management of heart failure and experience poor health and high levels of care strain, they are rarely the focus of heart failure interventions. This protocol describes a pilot randomized controlled trial that tests the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a seven-session couple-based intervention called Taking Care of Us (TCU). The TCU intervention is grounded in the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management and was developed to promote collaborative illness management and better physical and mental health of adults with heart failure and their partners.Methods: A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Eligible adults with heart failure and their co-residing spouse/partner will be recruited from a clinical site in the USA and community/social media outreach and randomized to either the TCU intervention or to a control condition (SUPPORT) that offers education around heart failure management. The target sample is 72 couples (36 per arm). TCU couples will receive seven sessions over two months via Zoom; SUPPORT couples will receive three sessions over two months via Zoom. All participants will complete self-report measures at baseline (T1), post-treatment (T2), and 3 months post-treatment (T3). Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention will be examined using both closed-ended and open-ended questions as well as enrollment and retention metrics. Preliminary efficacy of TCU on dyadic health, dyadic appraisal, and collaborative management will be examined using standardized measures.Discussion: Theoretically-driven, evidence-based dyadic interventions are needed to optimize the health of both members of the couple living with heart failure. Results from this study will provide important information about recruitment and retention and benefits and drawbacks of the TCU program to directly inform a large-scale grant application to test the impact of the TCU program in a fully powered sample.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04737759) registered on 27 January 2021.
Biodiversity-food trade-offs when agricultural land is spared from production
Authors: Palmer Charles , Groom Ben , Langton Steve
Published: September 2022

The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes to address biodiversity decline by expanding areas under conservation. Biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes, the world's predominant land use, could involve sparing, or setting aside, agricultural land from production, implying biodiversity-food trade-offs. Employing bird species and agricultural data, we undertake a novel empirical analysis of such trade-offs on a set-aside scheme implemented in England between 1992-2007. Expanding set-aside increases bird species abundance and richness by, respectively, 1.2-2.1% and 0.7-0.9%, but has no impact on diversity (Shannon-Wiener index). These effects are discontinuous, subject to thresholds in set-aside areas. A minimum 3% of agricultural land set aside is required for a positive effect on biodiversity while 13% of agricultural land generates a 15-25% and 30-35% increase in abundance and richness, respectively. Estimates of short- and long-run effects show that impacts are larger in the long-run. Expanding set-aside is also associated with a 10-17% decline in cereal output, with weak evidence of an attenuating land-sparing effect on yields. Our results suggest that although biodiversity-food trade-offs are likely in high-yield agricultural landscapes, such as those in England, the risk of a reduction in food supply could be minimised in settings where there is still scope for intensification.
Cell-specific Clock Controlled Gene Expression Program Regulates Rhythmic Fiber Cell Growth in Cotton
Authors: Wang Dehe , Hu Xiao , Zhou Yifan , Wang Yue , Yang Qian , Liang Xiaodong , Ye Hanzhe , Yuan Xueyan , Zheng Xiaomin , Guo Boyu , Ye Wen , Russinova Eugenia , Zhou Yu , Wang Kun
Published: September 2022

The epidermis of cotton ovule produces fibers, the most important natural cellulose source supply for the global textile industry. Currently, the molecular mechanism of fiber cell growth is still poorly understood. Here, we developed an optimized protoplasting method, and integrated scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to systematically characterize the cells of the outer integument (OI) of ovules from wildtype (WT) and fuzzless/lintless ( fl ) cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). By jointly analyzing the scRNA-seq data from WT and fl , we identified five cell populations including the fiber cell type, and constructed the development trajectory for fiber lineage cells. Interestingly, we discovered that the primary growth of fiber cells is a highly regulated circadian rhythmic process using time-course diurnal transcriptomic analysis. Moreover, we identified a small peptide GhRALF1 that circadian rhythmically controls fiber growth through oscillating auxin signaling and proton pump activity in the plasma membrane. Combining with scATAC-seq, we further identified two cardinal cis -regulatory elements (CREs, TCP motif and TCP-like motif) which were bound by the trans factors GhTCP14s to modulate the circadian rhythmic metabolism of mitochondria and protein translation through regulating almost 1/3 genes highly expressed in fiber cells. Altogether, we uncovered fiber-specific circadian clock-controlled gene expression program in regulating fiber growth. This study unprecedentedly reveals a new route to improve fiber traits by engineering the circadian clock of fiber cells.
Problem based learning in Physiotherapy undergraduate curriculum: A systematic review
Authors: Pathmanathan Cinthuja , Maddumage Shanshika Pramodini , Rajasinghe Upendra
Published: September 2022

Background
The effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in physiotherapy education is not clearly studied. This systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of PBL compared to traditional methods (TM) or using other methods.
Methodology
PubMed, Pedro, Science direct, and Google Scholar Databases were searched on 11 January 2022 for randomized controlled trials, Non-randomized control trials, Quasi-experimental trials, before and after study design and cohort studies published in English from 2000 to 2022. Two reviewers conducted screening, eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of outcomes is presented, Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review was used to report the review. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of studies. This protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD 42022301693).
Results
The primary search strategy identified 2826 potentially relevant articles, of which 1666 remained after removing duplicates. After title and abstract screening 22 potentially eligible studies were identified, 2 of those papers met all the predefined eligibility criteria. The total population size is 291. The results indicate that PBL was effective compared to the TM in terms of promoting early Evidence Based Practice (EBP); PBL facilitates learning strategies and study preference was high for PBL in comparison to TM.
Conclusion
PBL is effective in developing different competencies, especially promoting early EBP, in physiotherapy undergraduates and is reported as a preferred method compared to TM. However, there is a lack of evidence to confirm this finding. Research studies with high methodological quality need to be conducted in future.
Functional dissection of two amino acid substitutions unique to the human FOXP2 protein
Authors: Bornschein Ulrich , Zeberg Hugo , Enard Wolfgang , Hevers Wulf , Pääbo Svante
Published: September 2022

The transcription factor forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is involved in the development of language and speech in humans. Two amino acid substitutions (T303N, N325S) occurred in the human FOXP2 after the divergence from the chimpanzee lineage. It has previously been shown that when they are introduced into the FOXP2 protein of mice they alter striatal synaptic plasticity by increasing long-term depression in medium spiny neurons. Here we introduce each of these amino acid substitutions individually into mice and analyze their effects in the striatum. We find that long-term depression in medium spiny neurons is increased in mice carrying only the T303N substitution to the same extent as in mice carrying both amino acid substitutions. In contrast, the N325S substitution has no discernable effects.
Prevalence of Hypertension in a rural community in southeast Nigeria; an opportunity for early intervention.
Authors: Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus , Mbadiwe Nkeiruka , Okafor Umeh , Nwobodo Monday , Okwara Celestine , Okoli Paul , Anyim Benneth , Anigbo Gideon , Chime Peter , Ezeme Mark , Onyebueke Godwin , Abonyi Michael , Udeh Callistus , Okechukwu Chukwunonso , Onodugo Nkiruka , Okpara Titus , Nnaji Thomas , Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma , Orjioke Casmir , Ekochin Fintan , Onyekonwu Chinwe , Onodugo Obinna , Nwosu Nnamdi
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHypertension is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity in Sub Saharan Africa. Recent studies suggest and increase in the prevalence of hypertension in rural Sub Saharan Africa.MethodsUsing athree-phase approach, the WHO STEPS-wise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases was used to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural settlement is Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Blood pressure measurement was done according to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension.ResultsOut of 1576 participants aged 18 years and above, 976 (74.9%) completed the full survey and their blood pressure was measured, and data analysed. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.3%, (95%CI 24.5-30.2); similar in males (28.8, 95%CI 24.1-33.9) and females 166(26.4%, 95%CI 23.0-30.0). p= 0.415. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age reaching a peak of 33.6% (95%CI 25.7-42.1) among people aged 50-59 years. P= 0.06. The age-related increase in the prevalence of hypertension was statistically significant in males (p=0.04) but not in females. (p=0.15). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels correlated with older age and higher fasting blood glucose levels while diastolic blood pressure negatively correlated with level of education. Awareness of hypertension was low (7.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in a rural southeastern Nigeria community is 27.3%, however awareness was very low (7.9%). Most participants had mild hypertension thus offering a window of opportunity for public health educators in preventing the complication of hypertension. There is therefore the need for awareness campaigns to be intensified in rural communities.
Ocular Manifestations of Cryoglobulinemia: a Reappraisal
Authors: Dammacco Rosanna , Cimino Luca , De Simone Luca , Alessio Giovanni , Dammacco Franco
Published: September 2022

Background/Objectives: To describe frequency and type of ocular manifestations in patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), as well as management approaches and outcomes. Subjects/Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 57 patients who were diagnosed with CV at a single center and regularly underwent a comprehensive ocular assessment. Results: Ophthalmologic manifestations were recorded in 16 patients (28%). The diagnoses included dry eye disease and primary Sjögren syndrome in 5 and 2 patients, respectively; peripheral ulcerative keratitis and anterior scleritis in 1 patient each; hyperviscosity syndrome and hypertensive retinopathy in 2 patients each; and Purtscher-like retinopathy in 3 patients. Twelve patients (75%) were anti-HCV/HCV RNA-positive, 11 of whom achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) following treatment with interferon-α2b plus ribavirin or direct-acting antivirals. All patients were treated with ocular lubricants. Systemic therapeutic measures, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive and biologic agents, induced the disappearance or ≥ 50% reduction of cryoglobulins and major signs of vasculitis in 11 patients (68.7%). In the remaining 5 patients (31.3%), cryoglobulins and CV manifestations remained unchanged or decreased by < 50%. The corresponding ophthalmologic assessment showed a variable degree of improvement in the ocular symptoms in all but 2 patients (87.5%). The best corrected visual acuity following treatment improved in 26 eyes, was unchanged in 3 eyes, and worsened in 3 eyes. Conclusions: Eye involvement is not a rare event in CV patients. A timely diagnosis and the correct employment of the available therapeutic measures may result in a favorable outcome of the ocular and extra-ocular manifestations.
Shaking Table Test of a Full Scale Three-Leaf Masonry Wall
Authors: Michele Francesco Di , Spacone Enrico , Camata Guido , Brando Giuseppe , Sextos Anastasios , Crewe Adam , Mylonakis George , Diez Matt , Dihoru Luiza , Varum Humberto
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the main results of a full-scale shaking table test campaign carried out under the auspices of the EU funded research project SERA, whose objective is to investigate the seismic performance of three-leaf masonry walls with weak lime-mortar joints. These masonry walls are widely found in seismic prone regions in the Mediterranean area, thus assessing their behaviour under dynamic actions is an important pre-requisite for the seismic vulnerability evaluation of a plethora of historical centres. The first part of the paper presents a preliminary study on the mechanical properties of the wall component materials that was carried out through an ad-hoc experimental campaign. The outcomes are of particular interest for the characterization of the mortar and of the infill materials, that were designed to reproduce the low strength that is typically found in old masonry buildings. The design of the masonry wall that was tested and the test set-up are presented next. The applied loading protocol consisted of the horizontal component of a ground motion record that is repeatedly applied to the shaking table with increasing intensity. Finally, the main results of the experimental test are discussed. The damage patterns, drift ratios and base shear are presented for the ground motion sequence. The results are also discussed through a dynamic capacity curve that shows the attainment of different limit states with increasing ground motion intensity. A set of nonlinear numerical simulations, both static and dynamic, using a 3D FE model of the wall verify the experimental study as they report good agreement with the experimental tests and exhibit stable numerical behaviour.
Chemical Profile and Study of the Antidiabetic Effect of Annona squamosa L. peel
Authors: Ponce-Sánchez Claudia , Oidor-Chan Víctor Hugo , Álvarez-Ramírez Erika Lorena , Gómez-Cansino Rocio , Zarza-García Addy Leticia , Gómez-Olivares José Luis , de-León-Sánchez Fernando Díaz , Mendoza Jose Alberto
Published: September 2022

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Current treatment involves the use of oral antidiabetics, whereas natural products could be a therapeutic alternative because of their bioactive compounds. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical profile and antidiabetic effect of the peel of Annona squamosa L. (sugar apple) and evaluate a possible mechanism of action. We analyzed the content of secondary metabolites finding the following in 100 g of freeze-dried peel: 5000.13 ± 30.44 GAEq mg, 82.04 ± 1.12 QEq mg, 3023.07 ± 75.83 AA mg, 13919.07 ± 492.11 CA mg, 16099.56 ± 492.11 L-MA mg, 21346.73 ± 1134.01 D-MA mg, 5261.92 ± 34.59 TA mg, 2920.15 ± 290.13 Glu mg, and 5271.59 ± 562.07 Fru mg. The antihyperglycemic effect of the freeze-dried peel of sugar apple was demonstrated using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in healthy Wistar rats, discovering an effect at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which was reversed by administering Wortmannin at 1 mg/kg. Regarding the antidiabetic effect in a T2DM model after 14-days of treatment, we found a decrease in non-fasting glucose, and capillary glucose levels during an OGTT, as well as an improvement in insulin response. These results allow us to conclude that sugar apple peel has a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose levels in both healthy and diabetic rats, seemingly to be related to the insulin signaling pathway; therefore, this could be an alternative therapy for glucose control in prediabetes and T2DM
Valorisation of Biowaste and Aquatic Invasive Plants Through Compost Production for Agricultural Use
Authors: Banunle Albert , Fei-Baffoe Bernard , Miezah Kodwo , Ewusi-Mensah Nana , Jørgensen Uffe , Aidoo Robert , Amoah Alice , Addo-Fordjour Patrick , Abaidoo Robert Clement
Published: September 2022

This study evaluates the quality and performance of compost produced from household biowaste (CBIO), aquatic invasive plants (CAIP) and a mixture of the invasive plants and biowaste (CBAIP) in comparison with mineral fertilizer (NPK) application. The composts were produced using Aerobin 400 Composter with aquatic invasive plant collected from the Owabi dam and solid biowaste from households within the Owabi catchment in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as feedstock. A field experiment in a 35 m x 19 m plot of maize was conducted with 9 treatments of the different compost produced and mineral fertilizers in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The results show that the compost types produced have acceptable quality with regards to nutrients (NPK), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), bulk density, porosity, and heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Ni) among other properties. Grain yields following treatment with CAIP (2.06 ± 0.692 tons/ha), CBAIP (2.15± 0.668 tons/ha) and CBIO (2.052 ± 0.915 tons/ha) were similar to grain yields from NPK application (2.55 ± 0.611 tons/ha) but significantly higher than the control (1.34 ± 0.500 tons/ha) at 5%. The results show that the different compost types produced have beneficial impacts on grain yields comparable to NPK application. It is, therefore, concluded that aquatic invasive plants and biowaste are suitable feedstock for the production of high-quality compost that significantly improves grain yields.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Neonates With Intrapartum Asphyxia Managed With Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Public Tertiary Hospital in South Africa
Authors: Nakwa Firdose Lambey , Sepeng Letlhogonolo , Kwawegen Alison van , Thomas Reenu , Seake Karabo , Mogajane Tshiamo , Ntuli Nandi , Ondongo-Ezhet Claude , Kesting Samantha Jane , Kgwadi Dikeledi Maureen , Kamanga Noela Holo Bertha , Coetser Annaleen , Rensburg Jeanne van , Pepper Michael S. , Velaphi Sithembiso C.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: In randomized clinical trials, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to reduce death and/or moderate-to-severe disability in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in high-income countries, while this has not consistently been the case in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many studies reporting on outcomes of neonates with HIE managed with TH are those conducted under controlled study conditions, and few reporting in settings where this intervention is offered as part of standard of care, especially from LMICs. In this study we report on short-term outcomes of neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE where TH was offered as part of standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics and mortality rate at hospital discharge in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE. METHODS: Hospital records of neonates with intrapartum asphyxia were reviewed for clinical findings, management with TH (cooled or non-cooled) and mortality at hospital discharge. Inclusion criteria were birthweight ≥1800g, gestational age ≥36 weeks and moderate-to-severe HIE. Comparisons were made between survivors and non–survivors in cooled and/or non-cooled neonates. RESULTS: Intrapartum asphyxia was diagnosed in 856 neonates, with three having no recorded HIE status; 30% (258/853) had mild HIE, and 595/853 (69%) with moderate-to-severe HIE. The overall incidence of intrapartum asphyxia was 8.8/1000 live births. Of the 595 with moderate-to-severe HIE, three had no records on cooling and 67% (399/592) were cooled. Amongst 193 non-cooled neonates, 126 (67%) had documented reasons for not being cooled with common reasons being a moribund neonate (54.0%), equipment unavailability (11.1%), pulmonary hypertension (9.5%), postnatal age >6 hours on admission (8.7%), and improvement in severity of encephalopathy (8.7%). Overall mortality was 29.0%, being 17% and 53.4% in cooled and non-cooled infants respectively. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with mortality was severe encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Overall mortality in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE was 29% and 17% in those who were cooled. Cooling was not offered to all neonates mainly because of severe clinical illness, equipment unavailability and delayed presentation, making it difficult to assess overall impact of this intervention. Prospective clinical studies need to be conducted in LMIC to further assess effect of TH in short and long-term outcomes.
Legal Origin, Financial Development and Inequality: Finding another Approach to Explain the Relatively High Inequality Level in Latin America
Authors: Shi Keqin
Published: September 2022

Inequality is becoming a more and more concerning problem for many places all over the world. Based on both historical and cross-national data, this paper found that financial development plays a crucial role in reducing inequality. Using legal origin as an instrumental variable, financial development affects Gini index negatively. Thus the underdevelopment of financial system in Latin America can help to explain the relatively high inequality level in this region.
Investigating the nature of soil phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. Jim , Debnath Abhijit , Sen Arup
Published: September 2022

AimsThe effectiveness of phosphate fertilisers decreases with increasing period of reaction. One explanation for this is that the phosphate (P) has changed its chemical form. Evidence for this is provided by fractionation schemes which include extraction with alkali, followed by extraction with acid. Our aim was to evaluate alkali and acid extraction procedures for their ability to reflect changes in phosphate form over time.MethodsWe measured the effect of period of reaction between P and an iron (hyroxy)oxide (goethite), an aluminium oxide, and a soil, using four methods. These are: extraction with acid, extraction with alkali, and extraction using two soil P fractionation schemes. ResultsPlots of P extracted by acid and by alkali through time were similar. This is not consistent with the idea that they extract different kinds of phosphate. With increasing period of reaction, more iron and more aluminium needed to be dissolved in order to dissolve the same amount of P. The rate of dissolution of iron and of aluminium decreased with increasing period of reaction. For fractionation methods, the amounts of P extracted from a soil by the first extraction steps decreased with time while the amounts extracted by the later steps increased. ConclusionsOur results are consistent with diffusion of P into the reacting materials rather than formation of different chemical forms. Phosphate diffused into defects and “repaired” them. Fractionation methods reflect increasing vigour of extraction rather than the presence of separate forms.
The PER3 rs772027021 SNP induces pigmentation phenotypes of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Yang Pingping , Yang Dan , Wang Dongsheng , Lu Mao , Li Yadong , Zhong Zhiqiang , Zhang Jing , Zeng Zhen , Liu Zhi , Zeng Xiaohua , Jia Xu , Xing Qinghe , Zhou Ding'an
Published: September 2022

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a pigmentary genodermatosis characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules distributed randomly over the body. Although Sterile Alpha motif- and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 ( SASH1 ) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B, member 6 ( ABCB6 ) have been identified as causative genes for this disorder, some cases involve unknown pathogenic genes. In this study, whole-exome sequencing, data analysis and Sanger sequencing were utilized for a four-generation extended Chinese family with DUH. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c. 517C>T (p. P173S ), rs772027021) variant in exon 5 of Period Circadian Regulator 3 ( PER3 ) (NM_001289861) was detected in each affected individual of the DUH family; the c. 517C>T SNP of PER3 ( PER3 rs772027021 SNP) and a novel mutation in exon 14 of SASH1 (c. 1574C>G (p.T525R)) were both found in the proband. The affected individuals carrying PER3 rs772027021 SNP in this family demonstrated mild pigmented phenotypes compared to those of the proband carrying PER3 rs772027021 SNP and SASH1 T525R mutation. Increased melanin synthesis was induced by PER3 rs772027021 SNP in the melanocytes of affected epithelial tissues. Mutated SASH1 or PER3 rs772027021 SNP alone or cooperation of mutation of SASH1 and PER3 rs772027021 SNP synergistically led to increased melanin synthesis and enhanced proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro. We also phenotypically characterized a commercially available zebrafish mutant line harboring the PER3 rs772027021 SNP to induce melanocyte proliferation in vivo . Our results are the first to reveal that this PER3 SNP may be pathogenic for a novel DUH subtype with mild hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented phenotypes and that mutation of SASH1 and PER3 cooperatively promotes hyperpigmentation phenotypes.