bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coffee consumption and alertness: a study among office workers in Jakarta
Authors: Herqutanto  , Rosemiarti Tria , Dewi Dian Kusuma , Soemarko Dewi Sumaryani , Syam Ari Fahrial
Published: November 2024

Background

Coffee is widely consumed by office workers, primarily for its caffeine content, which plays an important role in improving alertness. For white-collar workers, alertness is crucial to maintaining productivity, and one measurable parameter of alertness is reaction time. Changes in reaction time can be classified as either shorter or longer compared to the initial measurement taken before coffee consumption, with a longer reaction indicating a decrease in alertness. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and improvements in alertness.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study compared coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers, assessing their alertness using the Lakassidaya tool and collecting data on coffee consumption and caffeine intake through a 7-day fluid diary. Alertness was measured in the morning (baseline) and 30 min after coffee consumption (end line). Study participants were office workers from a company in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results

A total of 121 participants completed the study, with 47.1% (n = 57) of them being coffee drinkers. No significant differences were found in the characteristics of the respondents. The average daily coffee consumption among these workers was 247 (157–391) mL/day, with a caffeine intake of 72 (36–121) mg/day, which was below the minimum amount typically required to trigger a positive alertness reaction. There was no significant association between coffee consumption and alertness (OR = 1.538, 95% CI: 0.288–1.467, p = 0.403), nor was there a significant difference in the change in reaction time between coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers (17.3 [1.4–32.2] ms vs. 13.0 [−3.9–26.0] ms, p-value = 0.111). However, there was a trend toward improved alertness in coffee drinkers, as indicated by shorter reaction times at baseline (180 [160–195.2] ms) compared to post-consumption (155 [146.6–170.2] ms).

Conclusion

There was no significant association between coffee consumption and alertness improvement between coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers among office workers in Jakarta, Indonesia.
The ability of GLIM and MNA-FF to diagnose malnutrition and predict sarcopenia and frailty in hospitalized adults over 60 years of age
Authors: da Silva Gabriella D. , Batista Afra V. De A. , Costa Maria C. R. De A. , dos Santos Ana C. O.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Malnutrition remains common in adults over 60 years old. Although there are screening and diagnostic tools for malnutrition, there is no globally used approach to diagnosing malnutrition in older adults admitted to the hospital. In this study, we verified the agreement between the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the ability of the instruments to identify frailty and sarcopenia associated with malnutrition.

Methods

For adults over 60 years old, malnutrition diagnosis was performed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Full Form (MNA-FF) tool and the GLIM criteria, which included calf circumference and fat-free mass index to assess muscle mass, with and without the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) screening. Health conditions were assessed in older adults, and the association of these conditions with malnutrition was analyzed using both tools.

Results

A total of 432 adults over 60 years old were investigated with a mean age of 71.14 ± 8 years. The GLIM criteria with the nutritional screening tool identified 61–63% of older adults as malnourished. Of these, 63–64% were severely malnourished. The MNA-FF tool classified 20% of those assessed as malnourished. The agreement between the MNA-FF and GLIM was better with the use of screening, with a kappa (K) value of −0.10 and − 0.11. Sarcopenia was associated with malnutrition as identified by the MNA-FF (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.84–5.14) and only by the GLIM ANTHRO (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.05–2.63). Frailty was associated with the MNA-FF (OR: 15.99, 95% CI: 2.16–118.36), GLIM ANTHRO (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.31–3.71), and GLIM BIA (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.45–4.12).

Conclusion

It is possible to verify that divergent conceptual frameworks are used to understand malnutrition by the MNA-FF and GLIM and that the GLIM obtained a greater number of malnutrition diagnoses. Both the GLIM ANTHRO and the MNA-FF associated malnutrition with frailty and sarcopenia, with higher hazard ratios for the MNA-FF.
The association between the knowledge, perception, and practice of dietary supplement among Chinese adults
Authors: Tan Din Son , Wang Xijie , Zhao Xuechen , Zhao Ai
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Rapid growth has been found in the market of dietary supplements (DSs) in China. However, studies about the knowledge level, intentions, and behavior related to DS remained limited in the Chinese population. This study aimed to explore the knowledge level, perception, and practice toward DS among Chinese adults.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional design among 1,714 participants aged between 18 and 65 years. A total of 54.1% of participants reported purchasing supplements in the past 6 months. Knowledge levels were assessed with a score from 1 to 10 based on correct answers to 10 binary questions about supplements.

Results

Only 29.1% of participants answered seven or more questions correctly, while 7.9% answered three or fewer questions correctly. Participants with high and middle knowledge levels were more likely to seek medical advice when experiencing discomfort symptoms and were less likely to choose DS, with corresponding odd ratios (ORs) of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.13) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.91) in high knowledge group and ORs of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.80) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.30) in middle knowledge group (Pfor trend = 0.003 and 0.028, respectively). No significant differences were found in the motivation of DS use between knowledge levels. Although higher knowledge levels were associated with less spending on DS (OR high = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.99; OR middle = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.20; Pfor trend = 0.038), it did not guarantee better and more accurate awareness toward DS use.

Discussion

In conclusion, there is a growing demand for supplements among Chinese adults, but a significant gap between knowledge and behavior exists, affecting decision-making behaviors regarding DS.
Comparative bioavailability study of supplemental oral Sucrosomial® vs. oral conventional vitamin B12 in enhancing circulatory B12 levels in healthy deficient adults: a multicentre, double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Memon Nazia M. , Conti Gabriele , Brilli Elisa , Tarantino Germano , Chaudhry Muhammad N. A. , Baloch Ameeran , Shafiq Areaba , Mumtaz Sami U. , Qaisar Wafa , Iqtadar Somia , Abrar Saida , Kanwal Ayesha , Akhtar Muhammad H. , Latif Hina , Rabbani Fazle , Ujjan Ikram D. , Turroni Silvia , Khan Amjad
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency can lead to diverse health conditions, including megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues. Oral supplementation is a standard treatment for B12 deficiency. The Sucrosomial® carrier system offers an innovative approach that enhances supplemental nutrient absorption and bioavailability.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral Sucrosomial® vitamin B12 formulation vs various conventional B12 supplements, randomly selected from local pharmacies, in increasing and maintaining circulatory B12 levels in healthy deficient adults (200–300 pg/mL).

Methods

A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted across three centers in Pakistan from April to July 2024. At KEMU, participants received either Sucrosomial® vitamin B12 or Mecogen SL B12; at LRH, Sucrosomial® B12 or B-SUB B12; and at LUMHS, Sucrosomial® B12, Evermin B12, or Neuromax B12. Participants took a daily single dose of 1,000 μg of the assigned B12 formulation for 7 days. Serum B12 levels were measured at baseline (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, and 7.

Results

Sucrosomial® B12 was significantly more effective than conventional B12 formulations in increasing and maintaining higher serum B12 levels across all time points. At KEMU, it reached a peak concentration of 454 ± 3.9 pg/mL by day 5, compared to 274 ± 11.1 pg/mL with Mecogen SL B12. At LRH, it peaked at 496 ± 34.4 pg/mL by day 5 versus 304 ± 49.4 pg/mL for B-SUB B12. At LUMHS, it reached 592.7 ± 74.3 pg/mL by day 7, compared to 407.24 ± 41.6 pg/mL for Evermin B12 and 263.82 ± 23.8 pg/mL for Neuromax B12. Sucrosomial® B12 was the only formulation to surpass the deficiency-borderline threshold (200–300 pg/mL) within 24 h of the first dose and was well tolerated with no reported side effects.

Conclusion

Sucrosomial® vitamin B12 demonstrated superior efficacy in rapidly and consistently elevating and maintaining higher circulatory B12 levels compared to conventional supplements. Its characteristic absorption mode and proven efficacy suggest it could effectively address B12 deficiency in a broad range of populations, including those with gastrointestinal conditions and pernicious anemia, thereby supporting overall health.

Clinical trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06376591.
Mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio can predict the recurrence-free survival rate of patients after complete resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Du Xinlian , Zang Xinxin , Zhang Hanbo , Liu Lijia , Xu Ying , Li Xuedong , Mou Ruishu , Xu Haitao , Zhu Jiuxin , Xie Rui
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (PVPR) and other indicators’ predictive abilities. Simultaneously, a new nomogram for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) after gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) R0 resection was developed.

Methods

From January 2010 to July 2019, 295 patients with GIST who were operated on at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. With a 4-year RFS as the end point, using the Kaplan–Meier methods and log rank test, and then conducting Cox regression analysis, we compared and identified meaningful indicators for predicting prognosis. Finally, a nomogram was developed and validated using calibration curves.

Results

The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that a cutoff point of 0.044 was the ideal threshold for PVPR, and patients were divided into a high-PVPR group (≤0.044) and a low-PVPR group (>0.044). Kaplan–Meier curves suggested that PVPR>0.044 had obvious associations with better RFS (p < 0.001). In accordance with multivariate analysis, PVPR (>0.044 vs. ≤0.044) (p = 0.005), National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk category (p < 0.001), and Ki-67 (p = 0.005) were the independent prognostic indicators of RFS. Tumor size, gastrointestinal bleeding, mitotic index, NIH risk category, CD34, and Ki-67 all exhibited an obvious correlation with PVPR (all p < 0.05). The nomogram’s probability of concordance was 0.823, indicating that the nomogram predictions were well calibrated.

Conclusion

In GISTs, RFS can be independently predicted by PVPR. Patients with higher PVPR have better RFS. The nomogram including PVPR could be used to assist clinical treatment decision-making.
Mechanism of luteolin against non-small-cell lung cancer: a study based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro experiments
Authors: Zhang Jihang , Li Changling , Li Wenyi , Shi Zhenpeng , Liu Zhenguo , Zhou Junyu , Tang Jing , Ren Zixuan , Qiao Yun , Liu Deshan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, demonstrates promising anti-cancer properties. However, its mechanism against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and in vitro experiments to investigate the potential mechanisms by which luteolin against NSCLC.

Methods

Initially, the potential targets of luteolin and NSCLC-related targets were identified from public databases such as TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network screening and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted. The binding affinity and stability of luteolin with the core targets were assessed using molecular docking and MDS. Finally, the results were validated by in vitro experiments.

Results

A total of 56 luteolin targets and 2145 NSCLC-related targets were identified. Six core targets, TP53, EGFR, AKT1, TNF, JUN, and CASP3, were screened via the PPI network. The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that luteolin’s activity against NSCLC potentially involves PI3K-Akt, NF-kappa B, and other signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed that luteolin had high binding affinity with the core targets. MDS confirmed the stable interaction between luteolin and key proteins TP53 and AKT1. in vitro, luteolin significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, while also inducing apoptosis. In addition, luteolin downregulated the expression of p-Akt (Ser473), MDM2, and Bcl-2 but upregulated the expression of p53 and Bax, which was consistent with the effect of LY294002.

Conclusion

Luteolin had a good anti-NSCLC effect, and the apoptosis-inducing effect might be related to the Akt/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway.
Video- assisted thoracoscopic lung resection with or without enhanced recovery after surgery: a single institution, prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhou Leiming , Shan Lei , Zhang Weiquan , Li Peichao , Cong Bo , Tian Zhongxian , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhao Xiaogang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the postoperative short-term outcomes of patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung resection with the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods

A single-institution, prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The primary outcome measures were postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and postoperative short-term effects.

Results

Among the 611 patients, 305 were assigned to the ERAS group, and 306 were assigned to the routine group. The ERAS group achieved earlier oral feeding, earlier mobilization, a shorter duration of drainage (2.0 vs. 5.0 days, P<0.001), and a shorter hospital stay (3.0 vs. 7.0 days, P<0.001). The biological impacts were confirmed to be significantly better for the ERAS group. Furthermore, the ERAS group also had a lower incidence of PPCs (11.5% vs. 22.9%, P<0.001) than did the routine group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following predictors of drainage tube removal on the 1st day after surgery without pneumonia during hospitalization: comorbidity (P=0.029), surgical procedure (P=0.001), and operation time (P=0.039).

Conclusions

Implementation of the ERAS protocol led to a decreased incidence of PPCs, suggesting that the ERAS protocol has a better biological impact on patients undergoing VATS for lung resection. Multigradient individual ERAS protocols are recommended at different institutions according to the individual conditions of patients.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009ZT9&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0002ZGN&ts=3&cx=ks7hrg, identifier NCT04451473.
The evolution of BRAF-targeted therapies in melanoma: overcoming hurdles and unleashing novel strategies
Authors: Imani Saber , Roozitalab Ghazaal , Emadi Mahdieh , Moradi Atefeh , Behzadi Payam , Jabbarzadeh Kaboli Parham
Published: November 2024

Melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, poses a significant global health burden, with 331,647 new cases and 58,645 deaths reported in 2022. The development of melanoma is influenced by various factors, including sunlight exposure and BRAFV600 mutations that activate the MAPK/ERK pathway. The introduction of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape for melanoma patients. However, innate and acquired therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of BRAF-targeted therapies in melanoma, highlighting the efficacy and limitations of FDA-approved combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, and cobimetinib. The review also explores the off-target effects of BRAF inhibitors on endothelial cells, emphasizing the need for more selective therapies to minimize vascular complications and metastatic potential. The article also discusses potential druggable targets, including ERK5, CD73, ALDH1A1, PLA1A, and DMKN, which are promising in addressing diagnostic hurdles and guiding personalized therapeutic decisions. Recent studies on regorafenib, ERK5 signaling, and CD73 inhibition are highlighted as novel strategies to overcome resistance and improve treatment outcomes. The review also delves into the role of advanced therapeutic tools, such as mRNA vaccines and CRISPR-Cas9, in revolutionizing personalized oncology by targeting specific genetic mutations and enhancing immune responses against melanoma. The ongoing synergy between advancing research, targeted interventions, strategic treatment combinations, and cost-effectiveness evaluations offers a promising pathway to elevate patient outcomes in the persistent battle against melanoma significantly.
Evolutionary dynamics and functional characterization of proximal duplicated sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase genes in Rosaceae
Authors: Yang Fan , Luo Jiawei , Han Songxue , Zhang Yirong , Liu Zhiguang , Lan Jincheng , Sun Yaqiang , Zhao Tao
Published: November 2024

Sorbitol is a critical photosynthate and storage substance in the Rosaceae family. Sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) functions as the pivotal rate-limiting enzyme in sorbitol synthesis. The origin and functional diversification of S6PDH in Rosaceae remain unclear, largely due to the complicated interplay of gene duplications. Here, we investigated the synteny relationships among all identified S6PDH genes in representative genomes within the Rosaceae family. By integrating phylogenetic analyses, we elucidated the lineage-specific expansion and syntenic conservation of S6PDH across diverse Rosaceae plant lineages. We found that S6PDH can be traced back to a pair of proximal duplicated genes of the common ancestor of the Rosaceae, and the further amplification of S6PDH in the Maleae primarily relies on WGD events in their lineages. In Rosaceae species, multiple copies of the S6PDH gene are preliminarily divided into two main clades (Clade 1 and Clade 2) based on sequence similarity. These clades have evolved to acquire different functional directions. In Clade 1, lineage-specific transposition events in the Amygdaloideae have led to changes in gene expression patterns and promoted lineage evolution. This is mainly characterized by a decrease in enzymatic activity and transcriptional expression in the leaves, but also includes specific functional diversification, such as sustained post-harvest fruit expression and enhanced expression under biotic stress in certain tissues. In contrast, S6PDH in the Rosoideae and Dryadoideae has not undergone additional duplications beyond early proximal duplication. The loss of exons and variations in exon length might the key factor leading to reduced enzymatic activity in the Clade 2 proximal gene pairs. Collectively, our findings illuminate the dynamic nature of S6PDH evolution and reveal the intricate interplay between duplication, transposition, and functional diversification. This work not only contributes valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying sorbitol metabolism but also establish a crucial foundation for future investigations aimed at comprehensively characterizing the variations of sorbitol metabolism across different subfamilies within the Rosaceae family.
Genetic characteristics of the diploid offsprings in potato Cooperation 88 induced by diploid donor IVP101
Authors: Wang Rongyan , Feng Yan , Peng Jing , Tan Chen , Zhou Jian , Hai Yang , Luo Youwei , Hao Dahai , Li Canhui , Tang Wei
Published: November 2024

Diploid lines (2n = 2x = 24) derived from tetraploid potato cultivars have been utilized to hybridize with wild diploid potato species, yielding fertile offsprings. Utilizing the pollen of Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, such as IVP101, IVP35 and IVP48, as an inducer for wide hybridization with tetraploid cultivars represents a common method for producing diploids. In this study, we created a distant hybridization induced population of tetraploid potato cultivar Cooperation 88 (C88) and IVP101, and screened all diploids using flow cytometry and ploidyNGS. We investigated the genetic composition of chloroplast and nuclear genomes in 43 diploid offsprings. We found that all diploid offsprings share the same chloroplast genomic sequence as C88 and no evidence of paternal chloroplast inheritance was found. Used SNP data to calculate the theoretical introgression index of IVP101 with diploid offsprings. The results showed that the inducer’s nuclear genome was involved in the nuclear genome of the diploid offsprings with purple stem trait, indicating that the inducer nuclear genome was not completely eliminated in the nuclear genome during distant hybridization. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes of the Solanum genus. The results indicated that (1) the chloroplast genome sizes of the 14 Solanum species ranged from 154,289 bp to 155,614 bp, with a total number of genes ranging 128-141, and with ycf1 and rps19 pseudogenes appearing at the IRB/SSC and IRA/LSC boundaries, respectively; (2) eight divergent hotspots distributed in the LSC and SSC regions of the Solanum chloroplast genomes were identified; (3) positive selection was detected in the clpP, rbcL, rps15, and rps4 genes, likely contributing to the adaptation of Solanum species to different habitats. These results reveal the variation and evolutionary characteristics of chloroplast genomes in Solanum plants.
The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in home–school co-education and psychological well-being among Chinese vocational college students
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Hanjuan , Xu Wenping , Dai Shuling , Lin Shan
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between home-school co-education (H-SCE) and depressive symptom among vocational college students in urban and rural areas of China.

Methods

Utilizing the Theory of Overlapping Spheres of Influence, this research explores how H-SCE influences depressive symptom, considering cognitive flexibility as a key mediating factor. The study utilized established scales, including the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) for parent-child relationships, the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10).

Results

A total of 1090 valid questionnaires were analyzed, revealing a significant negative correlation between H-SCE and depressive symptom. Cognitive flexibility was found to partially mediate this relationship, suggesting that enhanced cognitive adaptability, fostered through effective H-SCE, can reduce depressive symptom by helping students better cope with stressors.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of fostering strong collaboration between families and schools to enhance cognitive resilience and mitigate psychological challenges faced by vocational students, providing a foundation for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being.
Association between accompanying duration and anxiety/depression among family caregivers: a prospective cohort study in China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jiang Yanhong , Hong Weiwen , Huang Lili , Ying Hongan , Hu Weiwei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

While some studies have explored family caregivers’ anxiety and depression, limited research has been conducted on family caregivers’ anxiety and depression caused by the duration of companionship, resulting in an unclear relationship between the length of accompaniment and the psychological well-being of family caregivers.

Methods

This cohort study was conducted from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022 in general surgery. We employed bar graphs and line graphs to illustrate the relationship between accompanying days and anxiety and depression. Additionally, mixed-effects linear regression models were utilized to examine the correlation between accompanying days and the likelihood of anxiety and depression.

Results

The study had 207 family caregivers, with 23.5% experiencing anxiety and 13.1% experiencing depression. Anxiety and depression scores peaked on day 9, and the incidence rate was the highest for the third group (≥10 days). Family caregivers in the first group (≤4 days) of companionship had significantly higher anxiety (β=0.27, 95% CI 0.16-0.39, p<0.001 in all three models). Those in the second group (5-9 days) and the third group (≥10 days) showed no significant correlation with anxiety scores, except for a negative correlation in Model III (β=-0.15, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.01) for companionship in the third group (≥10 days). Family caregivers in the first group (≤4 days) of companionship had significantly higher depression scores (β=0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.29, p<0.001 in all three models). Those in the second group (5-9 days) had no significant relationship with depression, while those in the third group (≥10 days) exhibited a small negative correlation in Model II and III (β= -0.02, 95% CI -0.08-0.04). The sensitivity analysis confirms the mixed-effects linear regression findings.

Conclusion

There was a positive correlation between the duration of family companionship and anxiety and depression in the early days.
Evaluating the applicability of landsat 8 data for global time series analysis
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Factors such as (1) the number of satellite images available for a specific study and (2), the applicability of these images in terms of cloud cover, can reduce the overall accuracy of time series studies from earth observation. In this context, the Landsat 8 dataset stands out as one of the most widely used and versatile datasets for time series analysis, building on the strengths of its predecessors with its advanced features. However, despite these enhancements, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding a comprehensive assessment of Landsat 8’s performance. Specifically, there is a need for a detailed evaluation of image availability and cloud cover percentages across various global paths and rows.

Methods

To address this gap, we utilized the Landsat 8 Collection 2 dataset available through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Our approach involved filtering the dataset to focus on Landsat 8 images captured between 2014 and 2023 across all paths and rows. Using the Earth Engine Python API, we accessed and processed this data, extracting key information such as the number of available images and their associated cloud cover percentages.

Results and Discussion

Our analysis of Landsat 8 image availability revealed that regions such as Australia, parts of Africa, the Middle East, Western Asia, and Southern North America benefit from a higher frequency of Landsat imagery, while Northern Asia and Northern North America have fewer images available. Latitude-specific trends show that areas between 55 and 82 degrees receive notably fewer images. We also found that regions like central Australia, northern Africa, and the Middle East generally experience lower cloud cover, while central Africa, and northern parts of Asia, Europe, and North America have higher cloudiness. Latitudinal trends show a significant drop in cloud cover from approximately 90% at latitudes -60 to -20 degrees to below 10%, with a rise near the Equator. Cloud cover decreases again from 0 to 20 degrees latitude but increases between 20 and 60 degrees. Europe has the highest average cloud cover at 42.5%, impacting image clarity, whereas Africa has the lowest average at 23.3%, indicating clearer satellite imagery.
Place attachment, wellbeing, and conservation in surf destination communities
Authors: Mach Leon , Rothrock Elizabeth , Stark Sydney , Nahmias Jacob
Published: November 2024

Frequently visited surf breaks are nested within unique ecosystems that face many underappreciated threats. This manuscript first explores the contribution of surfing to local wellbeing and analyses how wellbeing is impacted by different threats to surf ecosystems. The second aim is to gather local knowledge of, and desires for surf break protection in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Through qualitative interviews (N = 17) and surveys (N = 46), findings suggest that place attachment is tied to frequently visited surf breaks and is strongly correlated to the wellbeing derived from surfing. Surfing was also found to be the main reason 68% of the respondents moved to the archipelago. Length of time residing in Bocas, however, was not a predictor of place attachment. This might suggest that people migrate for certain aspects of surf ecosystems and that place attachment can perhaps be selected for and grow through experiences. Positive surfing experiences were also found to be under threat from several converging challenges related to sea level rise, coastal development, declining reef health, and overcrowding. Local surfers recognize that these threats are tied to global forces but seem more reactive in their fight to alleviate imminent visible threats. This research emphasizes the urgent need for dedicated institutions to effectively preserve frequently visited surf ecosystems in areas that are neither covered by global non-governmental surf protection organization campaigns nor dedicated legal protection frameworks. We also call for more attention dedicated to understanding how the benefits of surfing are nuanced, context based and tied to vulnerable places.
Properties of relativistic electron precipitation: a comparative analysis of wave-induced and field line curvature scattering processes
Authors: Capannolo Luisa , Staff Andrew , Li Wen , Duderstadt Katharine , Sivadas Nithin , Pettit Joshua , Elliot Sadie , Qin Murong , Shen Xiao-Chen , Ma Qianli
Published: November 2024

We analyze the properties of relativistic (>700 keV) electron precipitation (REP) events measured by the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) POES/MetOp constellation of spacecraft from 2012 through 2023. Leveraging the different profiles of REP observed at LEO, we associate each event with its possible driver: waves or field line curvature scattering (FLCS). While waves typically precipitate electrons in a localized radial region within the outer radiation belt, FLCS drives energy-dependent precipitation at the edge of the belt. Wave-driven REP is detected at any MLT sector and L shell, with FLCS-driven REP occurring only over the nightside–a region where field line stretching is frequent. Wave-driven REP is broader in radial extent on the dayside and accompanied by proton precipitation over 03–23 MLT, either isolated or without a clear energy-dependent pattern, possibly implying that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are the primary driver. Across midnight, both wave-driven and FLCS-driven REP occur poleward of the proton isotropic boundary. On average, waves precipitate a higher flux of >700 keV electrons than FLCS. Both contribute to energy deposition into the atmosphere, estimated of a few MW. REP is more associated with substorm activity than storms, with FLCS-driven REP and wave-driven REP at low L shells occurring most often during strong activity (SML* < −600 nT). A preliminary analysis of the Solar Wind (SW) properties before the observed REP indicates a more sustained (∼5 h) dayside reconnection for FLCS-driven REP than for wave-driven REP (∼3 h). The magnetosphere appears more compressed during wave-driven REP, while FLCS-driven REP is associated with a faster SW of lower density. These findings are useful not only to quantify the contribution of >700 keV precipitation to the atmosphere but also to shed light on the typical properties of wave-driven vs FLCS-driven precipitation which can be assimilated into physics-based and/or predictive radiation belt models. In addition, the dataset of ∼9,400 REP events is made available to the community to enable future work.
Prevention of stroke and cognitive decline in pediatric population in resource-limited settings
Authors: Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy , Nnodu Obiageli Eunice
Published: November 2024

There is an increasing global burden of pediatric stroke especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This is worsened by the specific risk factors in these areas, including Sickle Cell Disease and endemic infections like Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency disease. Stroke occurs 221–300 times more frequently in patients with SCD when compared to healthy children. Although established stroke units and acute stroke care can improve outcomes, these are often not available in resource-poor settings. Primary and secondary prevention of strokes become a very important strategy to reduce the mortality and debilitating physical and cognitive long-term effects of stroke. There are myriads of challenges with implementing already established global policies and guidelines for stroke care in LMICs. These include paucity of data on this subject, poor knowledge and awareness about the symptoms of childhood stroke, adverse cultural beliefs regarding strokes, lack of screening and diagnostic equipment, inadequately trained manpower as well as nonexistent evidence-based management guidelines in these regions. To address these challenges, simple, cost-effective, stroke care models that determine the process of care and how available services should be delivered have been proposed to suit the peculiarities of LMICs in the areas of stroke risk assessment, prevention, and management.
Transoral penetrating craniocerebral injury: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xue Hang , Li Wei , Zhang Weitao , Sun Lei , Li Yubo , Yang Hongfa
Published: November 2024

A penetrating brain injury is a rare type of neurosurgical trauma associated with extremely high mortality and disability rates. Penetrating skull base injuries caused by arrows seldom occur because injuries caused by such weapons are more likely to be accidental. However, the number of self-inflicted injuries is increasing, and these injuries have varying patterns and high mortality rates. We report a case of a transoral penetrating craniocerebral injury caused by an arrow in a suicidal patient. Preoperative imaging is crucial for detecting and planning the surgical approach. Surgery is an effective treatment for this type of injury. Additionally, we reviewed previous case reports on this type of injury to provide recommendations for its clinical detection and treatment.
The incidence and risk factors of intraoperative bacterial contamination in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Xing Lijun , Liu Fengyue , Li Enrun , Kang Yuling , Tan Kunyuan , Li Juhong
Published: November 2024

Background

Infection is a devasting complication after arthroplasty. Identifying potential sources contributing to intraoperative bacterial transmission can help to reduce surgical-site infections.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors of intraoperative bacterial contamination (IBC) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures.

Methods

Active surveillance cultures were used to detect IBC from 125 consecutive unilateral primary TKAs. The cultures were taken from different sites (surgical instruments, gloves of surgeons and surgical incisions) at different time points (before surgery, 30 min and at the end of the surgery) during arthroplasty procedures. Patient characteristics, including age, height, body weight, body mass index, comorbidity of diabetes mellitus, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, types of prophylactic antibiotics were recorded. The white blood cell level before, the 3rd and 7th day after surgery were measured and recorded. In addition, patients were also followed for fever and surgical-site infections within 14 days after surgery.

Results

In total, 1,000 cultures were taken. 91 (9.1%) of them showed an IBC. None of bacterial cultures of gloves and instruments before surgery were positive. At 30 min from the beginning of the procedure, 29 cultures (7.7%) from 16 patients (12.8%) showed a contamination. At the end of the surgery, 62 cultures (16.5%) from 32 patients (25.6%) showed a contamination. There were 15 cases (12.0%) of fever within 14 days after surgery, of which 11 cases with IBC, and 4 cases without IBC. No postoperative surgical-site infection occurred in all consecutive unilateral primary TKAs. The binomial logistic regression analyses confirmed that operative duration was the risk factor of IBC [OR 1.137 (95% CI 1.023 to 1.322), p = 0.014]. Moreover, compared to control group, the patients with IBC had a greater change of white blood cell level in the 3rd day after surgery (p = 0.022), and a higher risk of fever within 14 days after surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The bacterial contamination rate during primary TKA is relatively high, despite the practice of standard preventive measures. Intraoperative bacterial contamination increases with long operating time, which may be one of the factors contributing to fever and leukocytosis after surgery.
Transoral robotic salivary surgery for hilar\parenchymal submandibular stones
Authors: Capaccio Pasquale , Lazzeroni Matteo , Torretta Sara , Solimeno Lorenzo Salvatore , Cristofaro Valentina , Proh Michele , Cammaroto Giovanni , Meccariello Giuseppe , Vicini Claudio , Pignataro Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Objectives

A prospective interventional study was designed to describe our series of patients with submandibular stones undergoing sialendoscopy-assisted TORSS (trans-oral robotic salivary surgery) by means of Si or Xi Da Vinci robotic system between January 2019 and June 2023, in order to assess safety and effectiveness of the procedure.

Methods

54 adult patients with submandibular stones undergoing sialendoscopy-assisted TORSS between January 2019-June 2023.

Results

The global success rate was 81.5%, with better surgical outcomes in patients with palpable hilar/hilo-parenchymal stones compared to non-palpable pure parenchymal ones (92.7 vs. 46.2%). In addition, the mean stone size in cases failing TORSS was smaller than that documented in successfully treated patients (7.8 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4 mm). No major untoward effects were observed (transitory lingual nerve dysfunction in 3 patients undergoing Xi Da Vinci surgery). A positive outcome in terms of post-operative surgical pain, patient's satisfaction and recovery time was observed.

Conclusions

Intrinsic stone features (such as size, location/palpability) seems to be predictor for surgical success; an accurate pre-operative planning is mandatory to better select which patient can benefit most from TORSS procedure.
Transfer RNA-derived fragment production in calves challenged with Mycoplasma bovis or co-infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in several tissues and blood
Authors: Goldkamp Anna K. , Atchison Randy G. , Falkenberg Shollie M. , Dassanayake Rohana P. , Neill John D. , Casas Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune response can allow informed decisions in drug or vaccine development, and aid in the identification of biomarkers to predict exposure or evaluate treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in calves challenged with Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) or co-infected with M. bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Serum, white blood cells (WBC), liver, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), tracheal-bronchial lymph node (TBLN), spleen, and thymus were collected from Control (n = 2), M. bovis (MB; n = 3), and co-infected (Dual; n = 3) animals, and small RNAs extracted for sequencing. An average of 94% of reads were derived from 5` halves and/or 5` tRFs in serum, liver, WBC, TBLN, spleen, MLN, and thymus. The expression of tRFs in lymphatic tissues (MLN, TBLN, Thymus, Spleen) were highly correlated with each other (r ≥ 0.82), but not with serum and WBC. A total of 25 and 65 differentially expressed tRFs were observed in liver and thymus, respectively. There were no differentially expressed tRFs found in other tissues analyzed. Nineteen thymus tRFs were differentially expressed in Dual compared to Control and MB, and the predicted targets of these tRFs were associated with MAPK signaling pathways and ERK1 and ERK2 cascades. The differentially expressed tRFs found in thymus and liver may underlie mechanisms of thymic depletion or liver inflammation previously observed in BVDV. Additional studies should be pursued to investigate differential expression of the predicted tRF targets.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in healthy volunteers in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Otindo Agnes Muhonja , Ndombi Eric M. , Theuri Martin , Muturi Margaret , Thamaini Peris , Ogutu James , Onsongo Lister , Madete June K. , Ofula Victor , Gitau Samuel , Mwangi Gladys , Okemo Paul
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in the postvaccination period in Kenya remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG and evaluate Covid-19 vaccination uptake in a university setting in Nairobi.

Methods

This cross-sectional study assayed serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A structured questionnaire was used to determine vaccine uptake, vaccine hesitancy and reasons for hesitancy.

Results

A total of 189 participants were enrolled (median age, 21 years; female, 50.8%). The seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 12.7% for IgM and 87.8% for IgG. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were higher among the vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated individuals (p < 0.001, U = 2817.5), females vs. males (p = 0.024, U = 3616), and those vaccinated ≤ 6 months before the study vs. those vaccinated >1 year earlier (p = 0.002, H = 12.359). The vaccination hesitancy rate was 43.4% and the underlying reasons included mistrust (22.4%), health concerns (19.7%), and lack of information (18.4%).

Discussion

The high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is an indication of high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 either through natural infection or through vaccination. The high vaccine hesitancy noted necessitates community engagement, and public education to dispel myths and misinformation prior to roll out of new vaccines and other health interventions.
Comparative Analysis of Photosynthetic Traits, Yield, and Fruit Quality Among Different Chestnut Cultivars
Authors: Hou Yanyan , Guo Sujuan
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to compare the photosynthetic physiological traits, fruiting characteristics, and fruit quality of four different chestnut cultivars. The cultivars studied were ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ (YS), ‘Guangdedahongpao’ (GD), ‘Chang’anhuijianli’ (CA), and ‘Guizhouyouli’ (GZ). Leaf functional traits, photosynthetic activity, fruit setting characteristics, and both external and internal fruit quality indicators were measured. The results indicated significant differences in leaf traits among cultivars. Cultivar GD exhibited the largest leaf area and dry matter content, while cultivar GZ had the smallest. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) followed a bimodal curve, with an obvious ‘lunch break’ caused by stomatal limitations. Cultivar GD had the highest Pn, followed by CA, YS, and GZ. The water use efficiency (WUE) and CO2 utilization of cultivar CA were notably superior, indicating its suitability for arid conditions. In terms of yield, cultivar GD had the highest bur, nut weight, and plant yield, followed by CA, YS, and GZ. The phenotypic quality of the fruit was also superior in cultivar GD. However, cultivar YS had the highest amylopectin and soluble sugar content, and cultivar GD had the greatest amylose, total starch, and fat content. Cultivars CA and YS exhibited better overall fruit quality than GZ. Correlation analysis revealed that single bur weight, single nut weight, and single plant yield all exhibited highly significant or significant positive correlations with Pn, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and the transpiration rate (Tr). The longitudinal diameter of burs showed a significant positive correlation with vitamin C (Vc), Pn, and Gs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Additionally, both the transverse and longitudinal diameters of nuts were significantly positively associated with Pn and Ci. Furthermore, the total starch content and water content of nuts demonstrated a significant positive correlation with Pn. In conclusion, cultivar GD was found to be ideal for high-yield starch production, while cultivar YS offers superior sweet and waxy nut qualities. Cultivar CA presents a balance of photosynthetic capacity, yield, and quality, making it the second-best candidate. Cultivar GZ is unsuitable for large-scale cultivation.
Anthropic Pressure on Cetaceans Stranded Along the Ligurian Coast Within the Pelagos Sanctuary: A Case Series
Authors: Mattioda Virginia , Giorda Federica , Consales Guia , Testori Camilla , Zoppi Simona , Goria Maria , Crescio Maria Ines , Serracca Laura , Varello Katia , Carta Valerio , Marsili Letizia , Baini Matteo , Galli Matteo , Fossi Cristina Cristina , Fontanesi Elena , Garibaldi Fulvio , Pietroluongo Guido , Mazzariol Sandro , Brunelli Francesco , Casalone Cristina , Grattarola Carla
Published: November 2024

Data collected by C. Re. Di. Ma over a 3-year period (2020–2022) were considered to assess anthropic pressure on cetaceans living in the Ligurian sea. Out of a total of 37 stranded cetaceans, a complete post mortem examination was performed on 23 cases. Of these, 14 were further selected considering at least one of these conditions: (i) confirmed, probable, or suspected interaction with fishing activities through the application of a standardized diagnostic framework (7/14; 50%), (ii) toxicological stress through the evaluation of OCs hazardous levels (14/14; 100%), and (iii) terrestrial pathogen-associated disease (systemic infection and/or associated lesions) (7/14; 50%). For 9 animals out of a total of 14 selected, the cause of death was classified as natural (6/14; 42,8%), anthropic (3/14; 21,4%), or not determined (5/14; 35,7%) based on gross and histological pathology and ancillary testing. These findings extend our knowledge of the anthropic pressure to which cetaceans stranded along the Ligurian coastline are subjected from a multidisciplinary point of view.