bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological issues in the study of e-government in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Kirilova Katia
Published: August 2021

The digital transformation of processes and services is a priority for the Bulgarian society and economy. This is especially true in the context of a global pandemic. Online work and training require state and municipal administration to provide additional efforts for digitalization. In this context, the main methodological issues in the study of the e-government system in the Republic of Bulgaria will be presented. The applied methods are related to: analysis and evaluation of the applicable regulatory framework; analysis of the possible technological solutions for conducting surveys among the municipal administration; methods related to the possibilities for statistical analysis of the obtained results. The main results are in the direction of clarifying the applicable methodological and technological tools for studying the degree of development of the e-government system. The conclusions are in the direction of the achieved methodological and technological readiness for conducting a survey in the local administration.
Impact of community-led local development on territorial prosperity
Authors: Tsacheva Stoyanka , Zheleva Violetka
Published: August 2021

Community-led local development is an approach that is increasingly applied in traditional territorial development policy. In this method, management is left in the “hands of local people”, who receive long-term funding, which they distribute according to the needs of the region. The aim of the study is to examine the impact and participation in the development of the territory through CLLD measures. The expert assessment and recommendations of the surveyed LAG leaders and specialists regarding the contribution of the community-led local development approach have been sought. The applied research methods in the present study are theoretical and empirical, incl. analysis, synthesis, comparison, survey, statistical processing. The results of the survey show that the majority of respondents are satisfied with the implementation of CLLD and have clear and concrete proposals for improving the approach in the next programming period. In conclusion it is necessary to note that despite all difficulties, the interest in CLLD on the part of local communities is very high, because the approach provides many opportunities to solve problems related to local development. Key words: community-led local development, LEADER program, LAG, territorial prosperity.
Determining factors of retailers’ assortment supply
Authors: Petrova Simeonka
Published: August 2021

Modern retailers’ assortment supply is determined by various factors, taking into account the developed business point-of-sale concepts and formats, the chosen organizational and legal form, the characteristics of the consumer segments and the specifics of the current competitors’ market policy. The main aim of the present study is to make a theoretical and empirical interpretation of the essential nature of the factors for determining the assortment supply and on this basis to provide successful examples from the Bulgarian retail practice taking into account the achieved economic outcomes. The outlined research problems presuppose conducting a review of the specialized literature. Conceptual views and opinions on the process of determining assortment supply are presented. The scientific research methods, which are applied, include: factor analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, induction and deduction, illustration. The research outcomes are synthesized in the formulated conclusions and are related to assessing the impact of the studied factors on retailers’ assortment supply.
Contemporary Challenges to the Sustainable Development of Tourism in the National Resorts of Bulgaria
Authors: Alexova Dessislava , Alexandrova Elena , Vodenska Maria , Popova Nikolina
Published: August 2021

The survey includes a study of the potential for sustainable tourist development of national resorts in Bulgaria and the opportunities for destination management. The main accents are focused on their stages of development, mistakes made in the planning and regulations and setting guidelines for their sustainable development, in accordance with current trends. Consideration has been given to the analysis and evaluation of tourism potential which are represented as subsystems of the territorial recreation and tourism system. A study of the interconnections between them, the definition of strategic priorities and the proposals for a sustainable tourism development at a local level was carried out. It has been proven that successful sustainable tourism development in the national resorts is related to conducting systematic marketing studies, effective tourism planning and monitoring.
Trends in business processes management in the furniture industry in Bulgaria
Authors: Slavova Petya
Published: August 2021

Тhe present conditions of business environment of the modern economy makes business processes management a difficult task for Bulgarian managers. In the context of accelerated digitalization of the market, Covid-19 pandemic environment, the presence of political and social imbalances in the economy and the pressure of the global trends in the economy, the Bulgarian business are experiencing a difficult times in its development. Providing well-structured and properly running and managed business processes are major economic problems of increasing relevance for the management of the furniture sector. The main goals of this empirical study are: 1. To track trends in the management of important furniture companies processes. 2. To show the usefulness of software and digital tools in improving the business processes towards their management. 3. To suggest recommendations to improve management of the processes in furniture companies. The study is performed in 71 of the planned 100 furniture companies, who have returned answers to the questions in full. The sample included enterprises, members of the Branch Chamber of Woodworking and Furniture Enterprises (BCWFE). Data is analyzed as total as well as by individual groups including comparative analyses. The analysis is made between the results obtained from the individual firms in the sample along with analyzing the overall survey results. Comparative analysis is used to display the steps and tendencies characterizing the applicability of the methodology Business Process Management (BPM) to improve the management of business processes in organizations from the furniture industry.
From Goods-dominant logic to Service-dominant logic
Authors: Zsigmond Tibor , Zsigmondová Annamária , Machová Renáta
Published: August 2021

In recent decades, the role of consumers in the marketing process has become more valuable to marketers. The previous theory – which focused only on the product itself and the services – has now become completely obsolete. This approach is called GDL, which is an acronym that stands for “Goods-dominant logic”. The need for a paradigm shift has also been recognized by professionals, so they have increasingly begun to develop theories that put customers at the center. This shift did not occur from one moment to the next. With the development of newer and newer theories, the theory that changed the basic direction of marketing appeared by the end of the 2000s. This new paradigm is linked to researchers Lusch and Vargo. Their study titled “Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing” was published in 2004 in a professional journal called Journal of Marketing. The new policy is now called Service-dominant logic, abbreviated SDL. However, this theory is still not fully accepted. In some cases, shortcomings can be identified, mainly in terms of practical implementation. Furthermore, some research show that some elements or tools of the previous theory - GDL - cannot be completely omitted due to their simple applicability.
The concept of innovative receptivity: methodological aspects
Authors: Antropov Vladimir , Neklyudova Natalia
Published: August 2021

The development of emerging economies determines the need to include innovation activities as the main factor at all levels of government. However, in practice, there is a disparity between the availability of innovative opportunities and their real implementation. It is caused by the lack of comprehensive research and conceptual approaches to the mechanisms for innovative potential formation and development. The purpose of the paper is to identify and describe the features that form the structure of ‘innovative receptivity’ concept in the economy. The study used methods of component, comparative and contextual analysis. As a result of the research, the definition of ‘innovative receptivity’ is given. It is an economic concept that characterizes the ability of an organization and a person to perceive innovations, the ability to create and apply pioneering technological innovations, and the willingness of an organization to implement and reproduce an innovation for the first time. This definition characterizes the essential features of the concept.
Digitalization and financial performance of enterprises from the livestock sector
Authors: Stoyancheva Dimitrina , Angelova Rumyana
Published: August 2021

The European Union’s strategy for the digitalization of agriculture is reflected in several initiatives, programs, and projects. The effect of promoting the application of digital technologies is expected to result in an increase in the competitiveness of farmers and their entry into the world market. This is expected to be done through the introduction of innovations leading to cost optimization and greater efficiency. The article examines some concepts related to digitalization, such as “digital maturity”, “digital transformation”, “digital intelligence” and others. A Probit model is used to study the relation of digitalization and the firm performance of entrepreneurs in the livestock sector. Based on an empirical study of the livestock farms, the relationship between digitalization and financial results, sales revenue, size, and innovation activity is analyzed. Our findings show that as the return on assets increases, the probability of livestock farms implementing digital solutions increases. A negative relationship between the intensity of innovation spending and the propensity for digitalization is proved. As the size of their assets increases, companies are more likely to implement digital solutions.
European Green Deal and transport sector development – opportunities or restrictions
Authors: Koralova-Nozharova Petya
Published: August 2021

The study is focused on the possibilities and restrictions for the development of the transport sector of EU member-states with GDP per head significantly lower than the EU average levels, because of the introduction of the European Green Deal. For the purposes of the research, there are used the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical analysis. In the publication, it is examined also the status quo of the European transport system in accordance with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the European policies for the development of the transport sector till 2030 and 2050. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the transport modes on fossil fuels, as well as the level of digitalization of the transport sector, the obstacles for operation of sustainable multimodal transportation services and the danger of imperfect market structures emergence in the field of transport in the less developed regions in EU.
30 Jahre regionale kooperative Rheumazentren – Erfolgreiche Verbesserung der rheumatologischen Versorgung und Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Zeidler Henning
Published: August 2021

Im Rahmen des Modellprogrammes zur besseren Versorgung chronisch Kranker förderte das Bundesgesundheitsministerium (BMG) seit 1992 schwerpunktmäßig den Aufbau von Rheumazentren an 21 Orten der Bundesrepublik. Ziel war neben dem Aufbau formaler Strukturen die Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität durch Koordination und Kooperation vorhandener Einrichtungen.
Safety of low-volume PEG-asc bowel cleansing preparation for colonoscopy: identifying patients at risk for hypokalemia in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Reumkens Ankie , Bakker Christine Minke , van Kraaij Sebastiaan J.W. , Winkens Bjorn , Raijmakers Maarten T. , van Nunen Annick B. , van Deursen Cees Th.B.M. , Masclee Ad A.M.
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims The aim of bowel cleansing preparation should be high-quality results and conformance with safety standards. Previously, we reported that hypokalemia occurred in 23.6 % of patients after bowel preparation in a high-risk population on diuretics or hospitalized and referred for colonoscopy. Here we report on a prospective study in a non-selected colonoscopy cohort to identify patients at risk of developing hypokalemia before and after bowel cleansing with low-volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (PEG-asc).

Patients and methods From January 1 to July 31, 2016, we included all patients undergoing colonoscopy in our institution. Prevalences of hypokalemia before and after PEG-asc bowel cleansing for colonoscopy were calculated and risk factors for developing hypokalemia after PEG-asc bowel cleansing were identified.

Results In total, 2011 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 0.8 % had hypokalemia before bowel cleansing with PEG-asc. After bowel preparation, 5.4 % developed hypokalemia. Of the patients, 281 were considered to have “high cardiac risk.” The combination of “high cardiac risk” and hypokalemia was present in 1 % of the initial colonoscopy population. Female sex, colorectal cancer diagnosis, and thiazide use were found to be significant predictors for hypokalemia after use of PEG-asc. No arrhythmias or serious adverse events due to hypokalemia occurred.

Conclusions Physicians referring patients for colonoscopy should be aware that “high cardiac risk” patients and those on thiazide diuretics undergoing bowel cleansing for colonoscopy are a risk of developing post-cleansing hypokalemia but it remains to be determined whether their risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias is truly increased.
Scissor-type knife improves the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among endoscopists without experience in ESD: a randomized ex vivo study
Authors: Visrodia Kavel , Sawas Tarek , Zakko Liam , Genere Juan Reyes , Leggett Cadman , Lutzke Lori , Wang Kenneth K.
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically challenging, difficult to learn, and carries a substantial risk of perforation, all of which remain significant barriers to its adoptability. We aimed to determine whether use of a novel scissor-type knife improved efficacy and safety among novice performers of ESD.

Materials and methods Following a brief didactic session on ESD, participants performed ESD of two lesions (2 cm diameter) in an ex vivo porcine gastric model. One resection was performed with a conventional knife and the other with the scissor knife (order of knife randomized). We recorded procedure time, successful en bloc resection, and adverse events (including full-thickness perforation and muscle injury) for each dissection. Participants completed a post-study survey.

Results 10 endoscopists (8 trainees, 2 staff) considered novices in ESD participated. Compared with the conventional knife, use of the scissor knife was associated with a significantly shorter time to completion of submucosal dissection (mean 6.2 [SD 5.6] vs. 15.6 [SD 15.6] minutes; P = 0.04) and total procedure time was not significantly different (22.1 [SD 13.3] vs. 24.9 [SD 26.5] minutes; P = 0.65). Scissor knife use was also associated with a significantly lower proportion of perforation and/or muscle injury (10.0 % vs. 70.0 %; P < 0.01) and proportion of muscle injury alone (10.0 % vs. 60.0 %; P  = 0.02).

Conclusions Among novices performing ESD on an ex vivo animal model, use of a scissor knife was associated with a significantly lower proportion of adverse events without prolonging procedure time. Scissor-type knives may improve ESD safety, at least among novices.
Extent of eosinophilic esophagitis predicts response to treatment
Authors: Ghoz Hassan , Stancampiano Fernando F. , Valery Jose R. , Nordelo Katie , Malviya Balkishan , Lacy Brian E. , Francis Dawn , DeVault Kenneth , Bouras Ernest , Krishna Murli , Palmer William C.
Published: August 2021

Background and study aim The clinical impact of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) limited to the distal esophagus (Lim-EE) vs. diffuse involvement (Dif-EE) is unknown. This study compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of Lim-EE vs. Dif-EE.

Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center study of patients with EoE between December 2011 and December 2019 evaluated treatment response based on repeated pathology and/or clinical improvement using comparative statistics.

Results 479 patients were identified (126 Lim-EE, 353 Dif-EE). Lim-EE patients had a higher incidence of endoscopically identified esophagitis (23.0 % vs. 14.7 %; P = 0.04), were older (50.8 [SD 16.2] vs. 46.4 [SD 15.3] years; P = 0.007), and were more likely to present with iron deficiency anemia (5.6 % vs. 1.7 %; P = 0.05), dyspepsia (15.1 % vs. 8.8 %; P = 0.06) or for Barrett’s surveillance (10.3 % vs. 3.7 %; P = 0.02). Patients with Dif-EE presented more frequently with dysphagia (57.2 % vs. 45.2 %; P = 0.02). Both groups had similar proton pump inhibitor (87.2 % vs. 83.3 %; P = 0.37) and steroid (12.8 % vs. 21.4 %; P = 0.14) use. Patients with Lim-EE had a better clinicopathologic response (61.5 % vs. 44.8 %; P = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, EoE extent predicted treatment response with an odds ratio of 1.89 (95 % confidence interval 1.13–3.20; P = 0.02). However, treatment response based only on repeat biopsy results showed no statistical difference between Lim-EE (52.5 %) and Dif-EE (39.7 %; P = 0.15).

Conclusions Lim-EE may represent a distinct phenotype separate from Dif-EE, with more overlap with gastroesophageal reflux disease and better treatment response.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transabdominal Ultrasound and Computed
Tomography in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Authors: Nordaas Ingrid Kvåle , Engjom Trond , Gilja Odd Helge , Havre Roald Flesland , Sangnes Dag André , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Dimcevski Georg
Published: August 2021

Purpose Computed tomography (CT) is the most used imaging modality for
diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP), but advances in transabdominal ultrasound
(US) technology have given US a position as a viable alternative. We aimed to
evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal CT and pancreatic US compared to
the reference standard, a modified Mayo score.

Materials and Methods CT, US, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were
performed in patients referred due to suspected CP. The modified Mayo score
included EUS results, clinical presentation, and results from exocrine and
endocrine pancreatic function tests. We scored CT findings according to the
modified Cambridge classification and US findings according to the Rosemont
classification.

Results In total, 73 patients were included. 53 patients (73%)
were categorized as CP and 20 (27%) as non-CP. CT and US yielded similar
sensitivities (68% and 64%, respectively) and specificities (75
and 85%, respectively) and similar areas under the receiver operating
characteristic curves for diagnosing CP. We found no significant differences
between the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs)
for CT (AUROC 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.87) and US (AUROC 0.81,
95% CI 0.71–0.91).

Conclusion We conclude that CT and US had comparable, moderate accuracy in
diagnosing CP. Neither modality had high enough sensitivity to exclude the
diagnosis as a standalone method.
A Review on the Application of Silver Nanoparticles in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Selvido Diane Isabel , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Riddhabhaya Apiwat , Vongsawan Kadkao , Arunpraphan Siripen , Wongsirichat Natthamet
Published: August 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been taken advantage of in dentistry because of their good antibacterial resistance and self-sustaining potential. However, in oral and maxillofacial surgery and implantology, there is a lesser amount of evidence. The few pieces of evidence need to be accentuated for possible amplification of its use in the dental setting. AgNPs in oral and maxillofacial surgery can be used in wound healing, bone healing, extractions, guided tissue regeneration, apical surgeries, oral cancer, and dental implants. This review aims to feature the utilization and application of AgNPs in oral and maxillofacial surgery and implant dentistry, emphasizing its need for potential future development in clinical settings.
A Large Oral Melanoma: A Case Report of a Rare but Aggressive Malignancy
Authors: Warin Kritsasith , Klanrit Poramaporn , Pattanajakr Nutdanai
Published: August 2021

A variety of black-pigmented lesions of the oral cavity can be found, ranging from harmless benign lesions such as melanotic macule, smoker’s melanosis, amalgam/graphite tattoos, and pigmented nevus to a life-threatening oral malignant melanoma. Oral melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes’ proliferation and accounts for only 0.5% of all oral malignancies. The etiology is unknown. Most oral melanomas are present at the palate and the upper alveolar ridge, whereas occurrences at the buccal mucosa, the lower alveolar ridge, and the lip are rare, with only a few reports in the literature. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy. The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of ~20%. In this report, we present a case of large oral melanoma at the right buccal mucosa involving the right lower alveolar ridge and lip commissure, which are relatively unusual locations for oral melanoma. In addition, immunohistochemical markers used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic decision-making of oral melanoma are also discussed.
Mechanical Properties of Experimental Composites with Different Photoinitiator
Authors: de Resende Luis Felipe Marques , Catelan Anderson , Baroudi Kusai , Palialol Alan Rodrigo Muniz , de Resende Alexandre Marques , Andreucci Ana Carolina , Zanatta Rayssa Ferreira , Liporoni Priscila Christiane Suzy
Published: August 2021

Objective The effect of different photoinitiators on mechanical properties of experimental composites was evaluated.

Materials and Methods Resin composites were formulated by using a blend of bisphenol A-glycidyl and triethylene glycol (50/50 wt%) dimethacrylate monomers, and 65 wt% of barium aluminium silicate and silica filler particles. Photoinitiators used were 0.2% camphorquinone (CQ) and 0.8% co-initiator (DMAEMA); 0.2% phenyl-propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.1% CQ + 0.1% phenyl propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.42% mono(acyl)phosphine oxide (MAPO); and 0.5% bis(acyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO). Specimens (n = 10) were light cured by using a multiple-emission peak light-emitting diode for 20 seconds at 1,200 mW/cm2 of irradiance and Knoop hardness and plasticization, depth of cure, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were evaluated. Data were statiscally analyzed at significance level of α = 5%.

Results Experimental composites containing MAPO and BAPO photoinitiators showed the highest values of flexural strength, elastic modulus, top surface hardness, and lower hardness reduction caused by alcohol compared with CQ. Composites containing CQ and PPD showed similar results, except for depth of cure and hardness of bottom surface.

Conclusion BAPO and MAPO showed higher flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness on top surface, and lower polymer plasticization to CQ.
Reliability of Towel Test for Elbow Flexion Assessment in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose , Vanathi S. , Prabu G. Ramesh , Thirumagal K.
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives The towel test is a reliable and straightforward technique to find elbow flexion in brachial plexus birth palsy. This study evaluates the role and reliability of towel test in children at 6 and 9 months of age.

Materials and Methods We conducted the towel test in 30 consecutive children at 6 and 9 months of their ages between 2015 and 2020. We recorded the results along with the side involved in these children and the mother’s handedness. Based on the results of towel tests, we did a statistical correlation.

Results Sixteen of the 30 children were boys. Twelve of the 30 children had left-side involvement. Four mothers were left handed. Four (13%) infants (male = 3; female = 1) had false-negative towel test at 6 and 9 months. There is a significant correlation between the left-hand mother’s and infant who had false-negative towel test (p < 0.01)

Conclusion The towel test is reliable and straightforward to assess the elbow flexion at 6 and 9 months. It can be falsely negative in 13% of children because of handedness. Mother’s handedness is crucial and should be recorded during the children assessment. Alternate tests will further evaluate the elbow flexion in such false-negative towel-tested brachial plexus birth palsy children.
Platelet P2Y12 Receptor Deletion or Pharmacological Inhibition does not Protect Mice from Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Rabouel Yannick , Magnenat Stéphanie , Delabranche Xavier , Gachet Christian , Hechler Beatrice
Published: August 2021

Introduction Platelets are increasingly appreciated as key effectors during sepsis, raising the question of the usefulness of antiplatelet drugs to treat patients with sepsis.

Objective Evaluate the potential contribution of the platelet P2Y12 receptor in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial-induced sepsis and septic shock in mice.

Methods The effects of P2Y12 inhibition using clopidogrel treatment and of platelet-specific deletion of the P2Y12 receptor in mice were examined in two severity grades of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) leading to mild sepsis or septic shock.

Results Twenty hours after induction of the high grade CLP, clopidogrel- and vehicle-treated mice displayed a similar 30% decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) characteristic of shock. Septic shock-induced thrombocytopenia was not modified by clopidogrel treatment. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were similarly increased in clopidogrel- and vehicle-treated mice, indicating comparable increase in systemic inflammation. Thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes and the extent of organ damage were also similar. In mild-grade CLP, clopidogrel- and vehicle-treated mice did not display a significant decrease in MAP, while thrombocytopenia and plasma concentrations of TNFα, IL6, IL10, MPO, TAT and organ damage reached similar levels in both groups, although lower than those reached in the high grade CLP. Similarly, mice with platelet-specific deletion of the P2Y12 receptor were not protected from CLP-induced sepsis or septic shock.

Conclusion The platelet P2Y12 receptor does not contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis or septic shock in mice, suggesting that P2Y12 receptor antagonists may not be beneficial in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Quantitative Electroencephalogram in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Three Different Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Yetimakman Ayse Filiz , Kiral Eylem
Published: August 2021

Although clinical judgement and sedation scales are primarily used in intensive care units (ICUs) to manage sedation, adjunctive data are needed to direct therapy with sedative and hypnotic agents to prevent side effects and long-term sequelae. In this case report, we described three cases where we used quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) data in a pediatric ICU (PICU); to manage these specific clinical situations and to identify the limitations of the qEEG data, two patients were admitted for post–cardiac arrest care and the third was admitted for status epilepticus. In post–cardiac arrest patients, qEEG was mainly used for monitoring depth of sedation and drug titration. Unnecessary use of high-drug doses was prevented, and monitoring also helped to guide clinical intervention for the management of seizure activity. In the patient with status epilepticus, qEEG data on burst suppression and depth of sedation were used. In this report, we describe three different cases where we used qEEG data in a PICU, to give insight on the use of data in specific clinical situations and to describe the limitations of the qEEG data monitoring system.
It matters to be in good hands: the relationship between good governance and pandemic spread inferred from cross-country COVID-19 data
Authors: Nabin Munirul H. , Chowdhury Mohammad Tarequl Hasan , Bhattacharya Sukanto
Published: August 2021

This study examines the relationship between good governance and pandemic control using month-wise COVID-19 pandemic data within a time window from April to September 2020. The study argues that countries with better governance are more capable of adopting and implementing appropriate policies and that such governments are considered more trustworthy by their people. Combined, these factors enable such countries to better control a pandemic like COVID-19. Using several measures of good governance and two measures of pandemic spread, namely the COVID-19 positive rate and the COVID-19 growth rate, this paper tests its argument econometrically in a sample of 185 countries. The results show the existence of a significant inverse relationship between all measures of good governance, and the COVID-19 positive and growth rates. The significant inverse relationship largely persists even after controlling for continent-fixed effects and a host of geographic, demographic, and socio-economic factors. This indicates the presence of a strong systemic linkage between quality of governance and pandemic control. The findings empirically strengthen the argument of eminent medical historians concerning the importance of effective governmental intervention for epidemic control. The study reveals that the quality of governance is a key factor in a country’s success in pandemic management and encourages further investigation.
Numerical solution of convection–diffusion–reaction equations by a finite element method with error correlation
Authors: Lima Sadia Akter , Kamrujjaman Md. , Islam Md. Shafiqul
Published: August 2021

This study contemplates the Finite Element Method (FEM), a well-known numerical method, to find numerical approximations of the Convection–Diffusion–Reaction (CDR) equation. We concentrate on analyzing the convergence and stability of the nonlinear parabolic partial equations. The method is generally applied without truncating the nonlinear terms and avoiding restrictive assumptions. Regular and irregular geometrical shapes are the key objective of this research paper. This study also focuses on the accuracy and acceptance of the FEM method by utilizing dissipation error, dispersion error, and total error analysis. The results are portrayed both graphically and in a tabular form, which virtually ensures the method’s validity and the algorithm’s efficiency to sustain the accuracy, simplicity, and applicability for solving nonlinear CDR equations. The proposed technique may also be applied for solving any nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations.
Exploring oxidation behavior of Nb4AC3 MAX phases (A = Si and Ga): Ab initio calculations
Authors: Li Zifeng , Huang Zhihao , Chen Han , Song Yang , Wei Bin , Yan Mufu , Fu Yudong
Published: August 2021

MAX phases have the potential for high-temperature applications due to good oxidation resistance. However, the micro-mechanisms of oxidation behavior of MAX phases on the atomic scale have not been widely studied yet. To explore physical insight into the oxidation process, we investigated the equilibrium structural feature, energy change, electronic structure, and bonding feature of oxidized Nb4AC3 MAX phases (A = Si and Ga) using ab initio calculations. Two potential O-doped sites, A and B, were taken into consideration. It was found that the O-doped energy of Nb4SiC3 was lower than that of Nb4GaC3. According to the electronic structure and Mulliken population analysis, when site B was occupied by the O atom, the good oxidation resistance of Nb4SiC3 may be derived from the formation of the Si–O bond without the Nb–O bond. Interestingly, the formed Si–O bond was a mixture of the covalent bond and ionic bond, while the formed Ga–O bond was purely ionic. In summary, our work can provide an interesting perspective to understand the oxidation mechanism of Nb4AC3 MAX phases.
Variation in negation in Seto
Authors: Lindström Liina , Pilvik Maarja-Liisa , Plado Helen
Published: August 2021

Seto is an exceptional language in the Uralic family due to its systematic use of postverbal negation, although preverbal and double negation marking are also used. Postverbal negation is still the most frequent and unmarked pattern occurring in about 74% of negative clauses in Seto. This paper analyzes variation between pre- and postverbal negation in East Seto (spoken in present-day Russia), based on data gathered during fieldwork trips in 2010–2013. By applying quantitative methods that are used in variationist studies (regression modelling, conditional inference trees, and random forests), we determine the variables affecting the choice between pre- and postverbal negation. Marked preverbal negation occurs more likely with first and third person, cognition verbs, and present tense, all of which are often used in fixed expressions likeI don’t know. We also found a strong structural persistence effect in the data and remarkable differences between individual speakers.
Size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) for computed tomography and influencing factors on it: a systematic review
Authors: Satharasinghe D M , Jeyasugiththan J , Wanninayake W M N M B , Pallewatte A S
Published: August 2021

The actual dose received during a computed tomography (CT) examination depends on both the patient size and the radiation output of the scanner. To represent the actual patient morphometry, a new radiation dose metric named size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) was developed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine in 2011. The purpose of this article is to review the SSDE concept and the factors influencing it. Moreover, the appropriate methodology of SSDE determination and the application of SSDE as a diagnostic reference-level quantity is critically analyzed based on the data available in the literature. It is expected that this review could potentially increase awareness among CT users of the effective utilization of SSDE as a tool to aid in the optimization of radiation dose in CT.
Formalization of risk analysis in software products for calculating the effectiveness of investment projects
Authors: Zhichkin K , Nosov V , Zhichkina L , Aydinov H , Arefiev I , Cherepova T , Kuznetsova I
Published: August 2021

Simulation is the process of transforming real processes in a mathematical form using computer technology. The main type of quantitative risk analysis is the calculation of stability analyzes, among which there is main type - sensitivity analysis (analysis of overall project sustainability). The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology for formalized risk assessment in the simulation of investment projects. It includes the following tasks: -analysis of existing approaches to risk assessment in simulation; - identification of the problems of calculating the level of risk in the simulation models of investment projects; -improvement of existing software products for calculating the effectiveness of investment projects. Sensitivity analysis finds out the reaction of the project to changes in its main parameters. One-way sensitivity analysis, implemented in almost all software products, provides limited information. Therefore, it is proposed to supplement the possibilities of programs by introducing a two-way sensitivity analysis into the structure of the section to study the effect on the result of simultaneous changes in two significant environmental factors. The calculation results will be presented in tabular and graphical form to expand the analysis capabilities. On the graph, by separating the zone with negative values and marking it with a contrasting color, the zone with unacceptable values (which correspond to ineffective design options) is very clearly visible.
Formation of a system providing automated technological processes
Authors: Ermakova A M , Oznobikhina L A
Published: August 2021

The presented work analyzes the physical and technological processes occurring at different levels of enterprise functioning. The results obtained allowed the authors to form a system that would allow managing technological processes at various stages of production. The automated system “Vesta” was taken as a basis, which provides a stable technological and physical process. The authors describe the process of functioning of this system and new opportunities that open up for the successful functioning of physical and technological regional processes.
Big data: some ways to solve the problems of higher education
Authors: Denisova O A , Kunsbaeva G A , Chiglintsiva A S
Published: August 2021

The article deals with issues related to the transition to digitalization of higher professional education, as well as with the widespread use of distance education technologies. The analysis of methods for monitoring the quality of education of university students is carried out. There are five types of data that require the application of big data analysis methods: personal data; data on the interaction of students with and between e-learning systems; data on the effectiveness of educational material; administrative data; forecasts. To solve a number of problems, we propose the use of Education Data Mining technology, which will allow us to design digital education management systems based on data and ways to systematize them for making organizational, pedagogical and managerial decisions. The analysis of educational data is based on the prediction of models, the identification of learning structures, and the identification of relationships. The possible ways of developing the individual trajectory of a student studying at the university, his further caree.
The use of modeling in the teaching of geometry and graphic disciplines at the University
Authors: Vanshina Ekaterina A , Shevchenko Olga N , Malikova Olga N , Staselko Oksana L , Shusharina Irina V
Published: August 2021

1. Introduction: In connection with the introduction of new Federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES) to teachers of geometry graphic departments there was a problem with the revision of the contents and methodology of teaching disciplines “descriptive geometry”, “Engineering and computer graphics”, foundations of engineering education aimed at formation of basic knowledge for studying of the subsequent disciplines used graphic representation of information. The analysis of special literature has indicated that, despite the significant number of scientific publications on the research topic, the use of modeling in teaching geometric-graphic disciplines requires separate research. 2. Materials and methods: Study and analysis of scientific, educational and special literature on the research topic, comparison, systematization, synthesis, generalization. 3. Results: To implement modern teaching methods in the educational process in the geometric-graphic disciplines, the author applied the functionality of the system KOMPAS-3D and developed by: electronic slides based on the modeling included in the evaluation funds for engineering and computer graphics; set a clear three-dimensional (3D) models of twenty-assemblies products intended for assignments on practical and laboratory lessons on the computer in the system KOMPAS-3D to create an Assembly and working drawings; set of individual tasks designed to practical assignments on the computer in this system to create 2D-models of assemblies (Assembly drawings) and 2D models details (working drawings), associated with their three-dimensional models. 4. Discussion and Conclusions: Design and creation of didactic materials based on three-dimensional and flat modeling tools, methods and algorithms of computer graphics in the system KOMPAS-3D, their use in teaching geometric-graphic disciplines, the inclusion in the evaluation funds on descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics, contributes to the introduction of active learning methods to optimize the educational process of teaching of geometry and graphic disciplines.
Computer technologies in the education of mechanical engineers
Authors: Panasenko A N
Published: August 2021

The paper shows an example of using an algorithm for studying the mechanism by analytical methods in the process of teaching students the basics of the theory of mechanisms and machines. This method is also applicable for cam and gear mechanisms. The algorithm is based on an object-oriented approach and represents the mechanism as a set of objects of two types: links and kinematic pairs. The objects of the mechanism are characterized by matrices: functions of position, incidence, inertial characteristics, and active force action. The algorithm allows you to write the result of the analysis of the mechanism in a closed form and implement it in the framework of a mathematical package.
Decision Trees-based Anomaly Detection in Computer Assessment Results
Authors: Panasov V L , Nechitaylo N M
Published: August 2021

A survey of the current software in the area of computer assessments of students at a university is done. This work shows ways to improve quality of computer assessments and educational management. It suggests options to build a computer system for detecting anomalous assessment results of individual students and entire disciplines. This information could then be used to amend lectures and instructional material or management and better intercommunication to students. This work suggests feature sets for the analysis of student assessment results and demonstrates their availability in the current university software. After surveying known artificial intelligence systems this work proves the choice of decision trees for this problem. It suggests methods and algorithms to improve positive prediction rate of decision trees based on ideas of bootstrap method. A software tool was developed that implements the suggested algorithms.
Educational digital tools for university level under climate change and COVID-19
Authors: Abramov V M , Tatarnikova T M , Sikarev I A , Shilin M B , Chusov A N
Published: August 2021

Paper considers educational digital tools development results for university level within geo-information management paradigm during Industry 4.0 era under climate change and COVID-19. While research, authors used modern web-technologies for educational platforms design. Recently, the ways of geo-information support for environmental economics have distinct features of digitalization with new concepts in data obtaining and presenting. In paper, preference is given to the use of open online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. There are considered examples of presented digital tools using. The presented research results have significant scientific novelty can be used in training and educational purposes at university level, including the preparation of Master’s programs.
Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Electrical Properties and Stability of Pt Thin Film Resistors with Ti and PtxOy Interlayers
Authors: Pang Yawen , Zhang Congchun , Lei Peng , Wang Yusen , Lv Zhenjie
Published: August 2021

Influences of annealing temperature on microstructure, electrical properties, stability, and film adhesion of Pt thin film resistors with Ti interlayer and PtxOy interlayer were investigated and compared. Pt thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates with Ti interlayer and PtxOy interlayer, respectively. Two resistors showed different microstructures after annealing. Pt/PtxOy film resistor owed more stable resistance value and larger temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) than those of Pt/Ti film resistor. Annealed Pt/Ti film resistor exhibited poor stability than Pt/PtxOy film resistor and the stability became worse with increasing annealing temperature. In addition, the film adhesion of two resistors was discussed.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Non-Sticky Wheel Emulsified Asphalt
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Lu , Zhang Dongliang , Lu Huali
Published: August 2021

The existing emulsified asphalt has the defect of adhesion to construction vehicle tires, which leads to the failure of interlayer adhesion. From the softening point of improving the evaporation residue of emulsified asphalt, Non-sticky wheel emulsified asphalt was prepared with different matrix asphalt, modifier and modifier dose. Combined with the standard viscosity, storage stability and evaporation residue of emulsified asphalt, the technical properties of Non-sticky wheel emulsified asphalt were analyzed. The viscosity wheel performance of Non-sticky wheel emulsified asphalt was tested by viscosity wheel performance test. Compared with ordinary emulsified asphalt and SBR modified emulsified asphalt sold in the market, its non-stick wheel effect is significant under the condition of 60°C, which has good engineering practical application value.
The Influence of Laser Power and Butt Gap on the Droplet Transfer and Weld Formation of Laser Arc Hybrid Welding
Authors: Jing Haohao , Ye Xin , Hou Xiaoqi , Qian Xiaoyan , Zhang Peilei , Yu Zhishui , Wu Di , Fu Kunjun
Published: August 2021

In this study, an 8mm thick AH36 steel plate was welded using laser + MAG hybrid welding technology. The results show that when the laser power is low, the droplet transition form is droplet transition, the droplet size is larger, and the transition frequency is low. As the laser power increases, the form of droplet transition is jet transition, the droplet size is small, and the transition frequency is high. When the laser power is low, the undercut phenomenon of the weld is serious. With the increase of the laser power, the undercut phenomenon of the weld is improved. Besides, the weld width and welding seam reinforcement will also increase. Laser-arc hybrid welding has a certain gap adaptability. When the laser power is 10KW, the weld profile of 0mm welding gap and 1mm welding gap are basically the same. Properly reducing the laser power is conducive to the larger welding assembly gap of laser arc hybrid welding.
Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Metal Material Detection
Authors: Yu Ting , Zhong Fengping , Zhang Fang , Ying Chenkai , Geng Guihong
Published: August 2021

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plays a very important role in the process of microstructure, fracture analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of micro-area composition, microstructure analysis and so on. With the rapid development of material science and technology, various industries also put forward higher and higher requirements on the technical level of testing. Based on the development background of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), this paper introduces the application of scanning electron microscope in the observation of metal microstructure. Mainly about the characteristics of scanning electron microscope to continuous zooming, equipped with advantages of backscatter diffractometer, large depth of field, is advantageous to the samples from the macroscopic characteristics by combining with the analysis of microstructure, and quantitative analysis to test samples, also can research the fracture morphology of the sample, the recrystallization organization, grain orientation and texture characteristics, etc.