bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health system-scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines
Authors: Jiang Lavender Yao , Liu Xujin Chris , Nejatian Nima Pour , Nasir-Moin Mustafa , Wang Duo , Abidin Anas , Eaton Kevin , Riina Howard Antony , Laufer Ilya , Punjabi Paawan , Miceli Madeline , Kim Nora C. , Orillac Cordelia , Schnurman Zane , Livia Christopher , Weiss Hannah , Kurland David , Neifert Sean , Dastagirzada Yosef , Kondziolka Douglas , Cheung Alexander T. M. , Yang Grace , Cao Ming , Flores Mona , Costa Anthony B. , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Cho Kyunghyun , Oermann Eric Karl
Published: June 2023

Physicians make critical time-constrained decisions every day. Clinical predictive models can help physicians and administrators make decisions by forecasting clinical and operational events. Existing structured data-based clinical predictive models have limited use in everyday practice owing to complexity in data processing, as well as model development and deployment1–3. Here we show that unstructured clinical notes from the electronic health record can enable the training of clinical language models, which can be used as all-purpose clinical predictive engines with low-resistance development and deployment. Our approach leverages recent advances in natural language processing4,5to train a large language model for medical language (NYUTron) and subsequently fine-tune it across a wide range of clinical and operational predictive tasks. We evaluated our approach within our health system for five such tasks: 30-day all-cause readmission prediction, in-hospital mortality prediction, comorbidity index prediction, length of stay prediction, and insurance denial prediction. We show that NYUTron has an area under the curve (AUC) of 78.7–94.9%, with an improvement of 5.36–14.7% in the AUC compared with traditional models. We additionally demonstrate the benefits of pretraining with clinical text, the potential for increasing generalizability to different sites through fine-tuning and the full deployment of our system in a prospective, single-arm trial. These results show the potential for using clinical language models in medicine to read alongside physicians and provide guidance at the point of care.
Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant
Authors: Simões Luciana G. , Günther Torsten , Martínez-Sánchez Rafael M. , Vera-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Iriarte Eneko , Rodríguez-Varela Ricardo , Bokbot Youssef , Valdiosera Cristina , Jakobsson Mattias
Published: June 2023

In northwestern Africa, lifestyle transitioned from foraging to food production around 7,400 years ago but what sparked that change remains unclear. Archaeological data support conflicting views: (1) that migrant European Neolithic farmers brought the new way of life to North Africa1–3 or (2) that local hunter-gatherers adopted technological innovations4,5. The latter view is also supported by archaeogenetic data6. Here we fill key chronological and archaeogenetic gaps for the Maghreb, from Epipalaeolithic to Middle Neolithic, by sequencing the genomes of nine individuals (to between 45.8- and 0.2-fold genome coverage). Notably, we trace 8,000 years of population continuity and isolation from the Upper Palaeolithic, via the Epipaleolithic, to some Maghrebi Neolithic farming groups. However, remains from the earliest Neolithic contexts showed mostly European Neolithic ancestry. We suggest that farming was introduced by European migrants and was then rapidly adopted by local groups. During the Middle Neolithic a new ancestry from the Levant appears in the Maghreb, coinciding with the arrival of pastoralism in the region, and all three ancestries blend together during the Late Neolithic. Our results show ancestry shifts in the Neolithization of northwestern Africa that probably mirrored a heterogeneous economic and cultural landscape, in a more multifaceted process than observed in other regions.
Class B1 GPCR activation by an intracellular agonist
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Kawakami Kouki , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Tomita Atsuhiro , Nishimura Michihiro , Sawada Kazuhiro , Okamoto Hiroyuki H. , Hiratsuka Suzune , Nakamura Gaku , Kuwabara Riku , Noda Hiroshi , Muramatsu Hiroyasu , Shimizu Masaru , Taguchi Tomohiko , Inoue Asuka , Murata Takeshi , Nureki Osamu
Published: June 2023

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) generally accommodate specific ligands in the orthosteric-binding pockets. Ligand binding triggers a receptor allosteric conformational change that leads to the activation of intracellular transducers, G proteins and β-arrestins. Because these signals often induce adverse effects, the selective activation mechanism for each transducer must be elucidated. Thus, many orthosteric-biased agonists have been developed, and intracellular-biased agonists have recently attracted broad interest. These agonists bind within the receptor intracellular cavity and preferentially tune the specific signalling pathway over other signalling pathways, without allosteric rearrangement of the receptor from the extracellular side1–3. However, only antagonist-bound structures are currently available1,4–6, and there is no evidence to support that biased agonist binding occurs within the intracellular cavity. This limits the comprehension of intracellular-biased agonism and potential drug development. Here we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of a complex of Gs and the human parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) bound to a PTH1R agonist, PCO371. PCO371 binds within an intracellular pocket of PTH1R and directly interacts with Gs. The PCO371-binding mode rearranges the intracellular region towards the active conformation without extracellularly induced allosteric signal propagation. PCO371 stabilizes the significantly outward-bent conformation of transmembrane helix 6, which facilitates binding to G proteins rather than β-arrestins. Furthermore, PCO371 binds within the highly conserved intracellular pocket, activating 7 out of the 15 class B1 GPCRs. Our study identifies a new and conserved intracellular agonist-binding pocket and provides evidence of a biased signalling mechanism that targets the receptor–transducer interface.
Combined association of physical activity and sitting time with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean adults
Authors: Estrada-Saldaña Esteban , Marques Adilson , Silva Danilo R. , Farías‑Valenzuela Claudio , Ferrero‑Hernández Paloma , Guzman-Habinger Juan , Rezende Leandro F. M. , Ferrari Gerson
Published: June 2023

In this study we examined the combined association of physical activity and sitting time with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults in Chile. This is a cross-sectional study based on 3201 adults aged from 18 to 98 years from the Chilean National Health Survey (2016–2017) who responded to the GPAQ questionnaire. Participants were considered inactive if spent < 600 METs-min/wk−1 in physical activity. High sitting time was defined as ≥ 8 h/day. We classified participants into the following 4 groups: active and low sitting time; active and high sitting time; inactive and low sitting time; inactive and high sitting time. The cardiometabolic risk factors considered were metabolic syndrome, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed. Overall, 16.1% were classified as inactive and high sitting time. Compared to active participants with low sitting time, both inactive participants with low (OR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.10, 1.92) and high sitting time (1.66; 1.10, 2.22) had higher body mass index. Similar results were found for high waist circumference: inactive participants with low (1.57; 1.14, 2.00) and high sitting time (1.84; 1.25, 2.43). We found no combined association of physical activity and sitting time with metabolic syndrome, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. These findings may be useful to inform programs focused on obesity prevention in Chile.
Effect of high-speed steel screw drill geometry on cutting performance when machining austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Sedlak Josef , Zouhar Jan , Kolomy Stepan , Slany Martin , Necesanek Emil
Published: June 2023

Drilling into the solid material is one of the basic technological operations, which creates a cylindrical hole in an appropriate time with required quality. Drilling operation demands a favourable removal of chips from the cutting area because a creation of an undesirable shape of chips can impart a lower quality of the drilled hole corresponding with the generation of excess heat due to the intense contact of the chip with drill. The solution for a proper machining is a suitable modification of the drill geometry i.e., point and clearance angles as presented in current study. The tested drills are made of M35 high-speed steel characterized by a very thin core at the point of the drill. An interesting feature of the drills is the use of cutting speed higher than 30 m min−1, with the feed of 0.2 mm per revolution. The surface roughness (Ra and Rz lower than 1 µm and 6 µm respectively), cylindricity (0.045 mm), roundness (0.025 mm), perpendicularity of the hole axis (0.025 mm), diameters and position of the individual holes were achieved for a drill with point angle 138.32°and clearance angle 6.92 respectively. The increase of the drill point angle by 6° resulted in the decrease in the feed force of more than 150 N. In addition, an increase of the clearance angle by 1° resulted with a decrease in the feed force of 70 N. The results of the experiment showed that with the correct geometry of the tool the effective machining without using internal cooling can be realised.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from soil against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Artawinata Putri Christy , Lorraine Sesilia , Waturangi Diana Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Microbial food spoilage and foodborne disease are the main challenges in the food industry regarding food shelf life. Current preservation methods are frequently associated with changes in organoleptic characteristics and loss of nutrients. For this reason, bacteriophage offers an alternative natural method as a biocontrol agent that can reduce bacterial contamination in food without altering the organoleptic properties. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriophage from soil to control food spoilage bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and foodborne pathogenic bacteria, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Isolation was done by agar overlay assay method, and phages BC-S1, BS-S2, ETEC-S3, and EHEC-S4 were recovered. The host range of all isolated phages tended to be narrow and had high specificity towards the specific bacteria. The phage efficiency were measured where ETEC-S3 showed no effectivity against B. cereus and EHEC-S4 showed low efficiency against Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Morphology analysis was conducted for phage BC-S1 and ETEC-S3 with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and it is shown to belong to the Caudovirales order. Phages BC-S1 and BS-S2 significantly reduced the host bacteria when applied to the cooked rice and pasteurized milk samples with miMOI of 0.1. While phage ETEC-S3 at miMOI of 0.001 and phage EHEC-S4 at miMOI of 1 also showed a significant reduction when applied to chicken meat and lettuce samples at storage temperatures of 4 °C and 28 °C. The highest bacterial reduction of 100% was shown by phage BC-S1 on pasteurized milk samples and reduction up to 96.06% by phage ETEC-S3 on chicken meat samples at 28 °C incubation.
Electrolyte contact changes nano-Li4Ti5O12 bulk properties via surface polarons
Authors: Schleker P. Philipp M. , Grosu Cristina , Paulus Marc , Jakes Peter , Schlögl Robert , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Scheurer Christoph , Granwehr Josef
Published: June 2023

It is of general interest to combine the faradaic processes based high energy density of a battery with the non-faradaic processes based high power density of a capacitor in one cell. Surface area and functional groups of electrode materials strongly affect these properties. For the anode material Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), we suggest a polaron based mechanism that influences Li ion uptake and mobility. Here we show electrolytes containing a lithium salt induce an observable change in the bulk NMR relaxation properties of LTO nano particles. The longitudinal 7Li NMR relaxation time of bulk LTO can change by almost an order of magnitude and, therefore, reacts very sensitively to the cation and its concentration in the surrounding electrolyte. The reversible effect is largely independent of the used anions and of potential anion decomposition products. It is concluded that lithium salt containing electrolytes increase the mobility of surface polarons. These polarons and additional lithium cations from the electrolyte can now diffuse through the bulk, induce the observed enhanced relaxation rate and enable the non-faradaic process. This picture of a Li+ ion equilibrium between electrolyte and solid may help with improving the charging properties of electrode materials.
Collective Colloidal Transport Across Periodic Magnetic Landscapes
Authors: Tierno Pietro
Published: June 2023

Microscopic colloidal particles under external fields represent a versatile model system to investigate the fascinating dynamics of dissipative multibody systems under thermal noise with real time/space experiments. This chapter describes different advances obtained with paramagnetic colloidal microspheres driven above magnetic energy landscapes generated at the surface of uniaxial ferrite garnet films. These are thin ferromagnetic films that display extended periodic potential with a spatial periodicity on the colloidal length scale, where block walls organize into symmetric patterns consisting of stripes or bubbles. External, time-dependent magnetic fields are used to modulate the magnetic landscape produced by the stray field, generating an effective travelling wave potential which transport the particles at a constant and frequency tunable speed. In such systems, novel dynamical regimes are observed, from localized particle trajectories to directed transport, and such regimes are used to explore with single particle resolution, general physical phenomena that occurs on other condensed matter systems.
Siloxane-decorated MXene nanosheet-reinforced EP composites with outstanding flame retardancy and liquid-oxygen compatibility for ultra-low-temperature applications
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Ni , Qu Lijie , Xu Baosheng
Published: June 2023

A sketch of the liquid oxygen compatibility/incompatibility mechanism of the EP nanocomposites.
Low-cost Prussian blue analogues for sodium-ion batteries and other metal-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Jia-Qi , Du Rui , Zhang Hang , Liu Yang , Chen Jian , Liu Yi-Jie , Li Li , Peng Jian , Qiao Yun , Chou Shu-Lei
Published: June 2023

This review summarizes the recent progress and presents the challenges and strategies of Fe-based and Mn-based Prussian blue analogues for metal-ion batteries.
Unexpected binding modes of inhibitors to the histone chaperone ASF1 revealed by a foldamer scanning approach
Authors: Perrin Marie E. , Li Bo , Mbianda Johanne , Bakail May , André Christophe , Moal Gwenaëlle , Legrand Pierre , Ropars Virginie , Douat Céline , Ochsenbein Françoise , Guichard Gilles
Published: June 2023

We used foldamer inserts to scan the sequence of a peptide ligand of the histone chaperone ASF1, and interrogate its interaction with the protein surface. Our results revealed the structural plasticity of the chimeras and new binding modes to ASF1.
Solvent-switchable regioselective 1,2- or 1,6-addition of quinones with boronic acids
Authors: Xia Qi , Zhou Yaxuan , Yang Xiaoning , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Jiayi , Song Gonghua
Published: June 2023

An efficient copper-catalyzed solvent-switchable regioselective 1,2- or 1,6-addition of quinones with boronic acids has been developed.
Planar π-extended all-armchair edge topological cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Li Ning , Sun Mengtao
Published: June 2023

It is important to reveal the optical properties and physical mechanisms of electron transitions within planar π-extended cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) with full armchair edge topology in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Recent progress of gold nanostructures and their applications
Authors: Dahan Khadiga Ali , Li Ying , Xu Juan , Kan Caixia
Published: June 2023

Au nanostructures with various morphologies meet the great potential for the technological fields due to their unique localized surface plasmon characteristics.
Embedded, micro-interdigitated flow fields in high areal-loading intercalation electrodes towards seawater desalination and beyond
Authors: Do Vu Q. , Reale Erik R. , Loud Irwin C. , Rozzi Paul G. , Tan Haosen , Willis David A. , Smith Kyle C.
Published: June 2023

Interdigitated microchannels embedded in porous electrodes containing nickel hexacyanoferrate enable flow-through electrochemical desalination with low energy input when used with aqueous feeds having either seawater, brackish-water, or hypersaline-brine salinity.
A bifunctional molecular catalyst built up of l-proline grafted polyoxometalate for one-pot three-component green synthesis of heterocycles
Authors: Dai Guoyong , Li Qi , Zang Dejin , Wei Yongge
Published: June 2023

This work demonstrates the potential of covalent combination of polyoxometalate and organocatalyst in tandem synthesis, enabling a one-pot alcohol oxidation/three-component continuous catalytic reaction for synthesizing pharmacological heterocyclic compounds in high yields.
Natural products from plants targeting key enzymes for the future development of antidiabetic agents
Authors: Mata R. , Flores-Bocanegra L. , Ovalle-Magallanes B. , Figueroa M.
Published: June 2023

This review summarizes plant metabolites targeting crucial enzymes involved in glucose homeostasis useful for antidiabetic drug development.
Stable chemical enhancement of passivating nanolayer structures grown by atomic layer deposition on silicon
Authors: Pain Sophie L. , Khorani Edris , Niewelt Tim , Wratten Ailish , Walker Marc , Grant Nicholas E. , Murphy John D.
Published: June 2023

Production of a temporally stable chemically enhanced ultra-thin HfO2 interlayer with excellent passivation for use in photovoltaic passivating contacts.
Biodegradable germanium nanoparticles as contrast agents for near-infrared-II photoacoustic imaging
Authors: He Pengbo , Chen Guo , Huang Mengling , Jing Lili , Wu Wen , Kuo Hao-Chung , Tu Chang-Ching , Chen Sung-Liang
Published: June 2023

Novel germanium nanoparticles (GeNPs) are developed as contrast agents for near-infrared-II photoacoustic imaging. The GeNPs are found to have high photothermal stability, good biocompatibility and most importantly, in vivo biodegradability.
Activation of hydrogen-evolution reactivity in an Rh-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation by loading with controlled platinum nanoclusters
Authors: Yazaki Daichi , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Tanaka Tomoya , Hirayama Daisuke , Shingyouchi Yamato , Negishi Yuichi
Published: June 2023

The photocatalytic hydrogen-evolution activity of hydrophilic Pt nanocluster-loaded SrTiO3:Rh was improved to 30% compared to that prepared by the conventional method.
Resilience enhancement strategy for cyber–physical distribution systems that considers cross‐space propagation of information risk
Authors: Ju Jiaqi , Wang Qi , Wang Wei , Ni Ming
Published: June 2023

Cyber–physical distribution systems with renewable energy should have high resilience under extreme conditions. However, in a distribution system with deep cyber–physical coupling, the propagation of information risk impairs the resilience of the system. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the resilience of cyber–physical distribution systems that considers cross‐space propagation of information risk. First, the mechanism for interaction between the cyber space and physical space is analyzed, and an information risk cross‐space propagation model is proposed. Second, the risk status of key device nodes is quantified according to the risk propagation model, and an optimization strategy for information risk control is obtained, whose objective function is the minimum risk of the coupling network. Third, a fault restoration strategy that considers cyber space risk is proposed. Finally, the paper reports experiments using the modified IEEE 33‐node and 123‐node distribution networks to simulate the proposed strategy and verify its effectiveness.
Driving training‐based optimization (DTBO) for global maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic system under partial shading condition
Authors: Rehman Haroon , Sajid Injila , Sarwar Adil , Tariq Mohd , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Ahmad Shafiq , Mahmoud Haitham A. , Aziz Asma
Published: June 2023

The presence of bypass diodes in photovoltaic (PV) arrays can mitigate the negative effects of partial shading conditions (PSCs), which can cause multiple peak characteristics at the output. However, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can develop errors and detect the local maximum power point (LMPP) instead of the global maximum power point (GMPP) under certain circumstances. To address this issue, several artificial intelligence (AI)‐based methods have been proposed, but they result in complicated and unreliable methodologies. This study introduces the driving training‐based optimization (DTBO) method, which aims to address the partial shading (PS) problem quickly and reliably in maximum power point (MPP) detection for PV systems. DTBO improves tracking speed and reduces fluctuations in the power output during the tracking period. The proposed method is extensively verified using the Typhoon hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) 402 emulator and compared to conventional methods such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), and JAYA, as well as the recently proposed adaptive JAYA (AJAYA) method for MPPT in a PV system under similar conditions.
Sparsity‐optimised farrow structure variable fractional delay filter for wideband array
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Shen Mingwei , Xu Min , Han Guodong , Zhang Yudong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a new sparsity‐optimised Farrow structure variable fractional delay (SFS‐VFD) filter is proposed to address the aperture effect in wideband array. Our method is based on coefficient (anti‐)symmetry and optimises the number and orders of its sub‐filters, greatly reducing the non‐zero coefficients. The established cost function is formulated as a parametric minimisation problem with multiple regularisation constraints, and solved by the modified three‐block alternating direction multiplier method (MTB‐ADMM), which is improved by introducing core variable correction items to ensure stable and fast convergence. Experimental results show that the SFS‐VFD filter reduces the complexity of the system by decreasing the use of multipliers and adders while ensuring high delay accuracy. In wideband array, the SFS‐VFD filter effectively corrects the aperture effect and achieves precise beam pointing.
TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet
Authors: Korth J. , Gandolfi D. , Šubjak J. , Howard S. , Ataiee S. , Collins K. A. , Quinn S. N. , Mustill A. J. , Guillot T. , Lodieu N. , Smith A. M. S. , Esposito M. , Rodler F. , Muresan A. , Abe L. , Albrecht S. H. , Alqasim A. , Barkaoui K. , Beck P. G. , Burke C. J. , Butler R. P. , Conti D. M. , Collins K. I. , Crane J. D. , Dai F. , Deeg H. J. , Evans P. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. P. , Hirano T. , Horne K. , Huang C. X. , Jenkins J. M. , Kabáth P. , Kielkopf J. F. , Knudstrup E. , Latham D. W. , Livingston J. , Luque R. , Mathur S. , Murgas F. , Osborne H. L. M. , Palle E. , Persson C. M. , Rodriguez J. E. , Rose M. , Rowden P. , Schwarz R. P. , Seager S. , Serrano L. M. , Sha L. , Shectman S. A. , Shporer A. , Srdoc G. , Stockdale C. , Tan T.-G. , Teske J. K. , Van Eylen V. , Vanderburg A. , Vanderspek R. , Wang S. X. , Winn J. N.
Published: June 2023

The TOI-1130 is a known planetary system around a K-dwarf consisting of a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c on an 8.4-day orbit that is accompanied by an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, with an orbital period of 4.1 days. We collected precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of TOI-1130 with the HARPS and PFS spectrographs as part of our ongoing RV follow-up program. We performed a photodynamical modeling of the HARPS and PFS RVs, along with transit photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP). We determined the planet masses and radii of TOI-1130 b and TOI-1130 c to be Mb = 19.28 ± 0.97M⊕ and Rb = 3.56 ± 0.13 R⊕, and Mc = 325.59 ± 5.59M⊕ and Rc = 13.32−1.41+1.55 R⊕, respectively. We have spectroscopically confirmed the existence of TOI-1130 b, which had previously only been validated. We find that the two planets have orbits with small eccentricities in a 2:1 resonant configuration. This is the first known system with a hot Jupiter and an inner lower mass planet locked in a mean-motion resonance. TOI-1130 belongs to the small, yet growing population of hot Jupiters with an inner low-mass planet that poses a challenge to the pathway scenario for hot Jupiter formation. We also detected a linear RV trend that is possibly due to the presence of an outer massive companion.
Statistics of Magrathea exoplanets beyond the main sequence
Authors: Columba G. , Danielski C. , Dorozsmai A. , Toonen S. , Lopez Puertas M.
Published: June 2023

Context. Notwithstanding the tremendous growth of the field of exoplanets in the last decade, limited attention has been paid to the planets around binary stars, which represent a small fraction of the total discoveries to date. Circumbinary planets (CBPs) have been discovered primarily with transit and eclipse timing variation methods, mainly around main sequence (MS) stars. No exoplanet has been found orbiting double white dwarf (DWD) binaries yet.

Aims. In the interest of expanding our understanding of the final fate of CBPs, we modelled their long-term evolution, throughout the life stages of their hosts, from the MS to WD. Our goal is to provide the community with theoretical constraints on the evolution of CBPs beyond the MS and with the occurrence rates of planet survival throughout the ageing of the systems.

Methods. We further developed the publicly available Triple Evolution Simulation (TRES) code, to adapt it to the mass range of sub-stellar objects (SSOs). We did so by implementing a variety of physical processes that affect giant planets and brown dwarfs. We used TRES to simulate the evolution, up to one Hubble time, of two synthetic populations of circumbinary giant planets. Each population was generated using different priors for the planetary orbital parameters.

Results. In our simulated populations we identified several evolutionary categories, such as survived, merged, and destabilised systems. Our primary interest is those systems in which the planet survived the WD formation of both stars in the binary. We named these planets Magrathea. We found that a significant fraction of simulated CBPs survive the entire system evolution and become Magratheas, regardless of their mass. In the absence of multi-planet migration mechanisms, this category of CBPs is characterised by long orbital periods.

Conclusions. Magrathea planets are a natural outcome of triple-system evolution, and our study indicates that they should be relatively common in the Galaxy. These gas giants can survive the death of their binary hosts if they orbit far enough away to avoid engulfment and instabilities. Our results can ultimately be a reference to orient future observations of this uncharted class of planets and to compare different theoretical models.
A study of the capabilities for inferring atmospheric information from high-spatial-resolution simulations
Authors: Quintero Noda C. , Khomenko E. , Collados M. , Ruiz Cobo B. , Gafeira R. , Vitas N. , Rempel M. , Campbell R. J. , Pastor Yabar A. , Uitenbroek H. , Orozco Suárez D.
Published: June 2023

In this work, we study the accuracy that can be achieved when inferring the atmospheric information from realistic numerical magneto-hydrodynamic simulations that reproduce the spatial resolution we will obtain with future observations made by the 4m class telescopes DKIST and EST. We first study multiple inversion configurations using the SIR code and the Fe Itransitions at 630 nm until we obtain minor differences between the input and the inferred atmosphere in a wide range of heights. Also, we examine how the inversion accuracy depends on the noise level of the Stokes profiles. The results indicate that when the majority of the inverted pixels come from strongly magnetised areas, there are almost no restrictions in terms of the noise, obtaining good results for noise amplitudes up to 1 × 10−3ofIc. At the same time, the situation is different for observations where the dominant magnetic structures are weak, and noise restraints are more demanding. Moreover, we find that the accuracy of the fits is almost the same as that obtained without noise when the noise levels are on the order of 1 × 10−4ofIc. We, therefore, advise aiming for noise values on the order of or lower than 5 × 10−4ofIcif observers seek reliable interpretations of the results for the magnetic field vector reliably. We expect those noise levels to be achievable by next-generation 4m class telescopes thanks to an optimised polarisation calibration and the large collecting area of the primary mirror.
The cosmic radio dipole: Bayesian estimators on new and old radio surveys
Authors: Wagenveld J. D. , Klöckner H.-R. , Schwarz D. J.
Published: June 2023

The cosmic radio dipole is an anisotropy in the number counts of radio sources and is analogous to the dipole seen in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Measurements of source counts of large radio surveys have shown that, although the radio dipole is generally consistent in direction with the CMB dipole, the amplitudes are in tension. These observations present an intriguing puzzle, namely the cause of this discrepancy, with a true anisotropy breaking with the assumptions of the cosmological principle, invalidating the most common cosmological models that are built on these assumptions. We present a novel set of Bayesian estimators to determine the cosmic radio dipole and compare the results with those of commonly used methods applied to the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio surveys. In addition, we adapt the Bayesian estimators to take into account systematic effects known to influence large radio surveys of this kind, folding information such as the local noise floor or array configuration directly into the parameter estimation. The enhancement of these estimators allows us to greatly increase the number of sources used in the parameter estimation, yielding tighter constraints on the cosmic radio dipole estimation than previously achieved with NVSS and RACS. We extend the estimators further to work on multiple catalogues simultaneously, leading to a combined parameter estimation using both NVSS and RACS. The result is a dipole estimate that perfectly aligns with the CMB dipole in terms of direction but with an amplitude that is three times as large, and a significance of 4.8σ. This new dipole measurement is made to an unprecedented level of precision for radio sources, which is only matched by recent results using infrared quasars.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation as strategy to mitigate copper toxicity in young field-grown vines
Authors: Brunetto Gustavo , Marques Anderson C. R. , Trentin Edicarla , Sete Paula B. , Soares Cláudio R. F. S. , Ferreira Paulo A. A. , de Melo George W. B. , Zalamena Jovani , da Silva Lincon O. S. , Marchezan Carina , da Silva Isley C. B. , dos Santos João P. J. , Morsch Leticia
Published: June 2023

Frequent applications of foliar fungicides on grapevines increase copper (Cu) levels in soils, which may cause toxicity to young grapevines transplanted to eradicated old vineyards, especially because they are more sensitive. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt strategies to mitigate Cu toxic effects, such as grapevine seedlings inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which establish symbiosis association with plants roots, preferably in field experiments. The present study we objective to evaluate AMF pre-inoculation effects on growth and mineral absorption of grapevine seedlings in a field experiment using sandy soil contaminated with Cu. The experiment was conducted in Santana do Livramento (RS), in a Typical Hapludalf soil. Initially, grapevine seedlings from ‘Paulsen 1103’ (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) rootstock were AMP pre-inoculated and then transplanted into the field in area containing high Cu levels. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme: four seedlings pre-inoculation treatments (control = uninoculated seedlings; Rhizophagus clarus UFSC-14; Rhizophagus intraradices UFSC-32; Dentisculata heterogama UFSC-08); two soil Cu concentrations (62 mg/kg and 118 mg/kg (Mehlich-I), with five replications. Pre-inoculation did not favor growth of young vines in field after 316 and 500 days of transplantation (DAT). However, seedlings from pre-inoculated vines with R. intraradices UFSC-32 and R. clarus UFSC-14 presented lower Cu levels in leaves in the soils with high Cu levels. Thus, pre-inoculation of young vines seedling with selected AMF may represent a strategy to reduce Cu toxicity, contributing to plants establishment in contaminated soils.
Research on configuration and performance of water ramjet pressurized water intake system
Authors: YANG Hao , LUO Kai , HUANG Chuang , LIU Zhao , HE Xu , WANG Qian
Published: June 2023

Water ramjet is the most ideal power propulsion device for high-speed underwater weapons. However, failure to start it at low-speed makes it hard for the engine to be widely used. In order to solve the problem of starting water ramjet at low-speed, a configuration scheme of water ramjet pressurized water intake system of the micro-turbine driving micro-mixed-flow pump is proposed. The design method of micro-turbine and micro-mixed-flow pump is perfected. And the simulation model of turbine and mixed-flow pump is established. The rationality of the design results was verified by numerical simulation. The matching design of the turbine and the mixed-flow pump is completed. And the working performance of the pressurized water inlet system is analyzed. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between the design results of the turbine and the pump and the target value is less than 3.2%, and the booster system can increase the fluid pressure by 2.0 MPa, reducing the starting speed of the ramjet from 90 to 63 m/s. The research results of this paper have reference value for the engineering application of water ramjet technology.
A new intake distortion design system for research
Authors: CUI Jiahang , LI Jianghong , LI Xiaoyu , DONG Suyan , CAI Feichao , FAN Wei
Published: June 2023

The intake distortion experiment is one of the important methods for aero-engine aerodynamic stability assessment. In this paper, in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional design methods such as low accuracy in approximating the target distortion map and many experimental iterations, a design system is proposed to design the target map distortion network using Fluent based on the mapping relationship between screen distance and porous media. Finally, the steady-state total pressure test system is designed, and the physical design of the distortion generator and wind tunnel test are completed, with the error of distortion index of less than 1.5%. The test results show that the design system can simulate the distortion requirements with high accuracy and efficiency.
Dimensionality reduction bistatic radar clutter suppression technique based on three-dimensional cross-beam
Authors: CHENG Yufeng , LI Yong , CHEN Fengfeng , DENG Xiaobo , CHENG Wei
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the problem that the non-stationary of airborne bistatic radar clutter reduces the performance of traditional clutter suppression algorithm, this paper first formulates airborne bistatic radar clutter model, and then analyzes the bistatic radar clutter characteristics in four typical combat scenarios. In addition, in order to reduce the computation burden of the STAP algorithm, a three-dimensional cross-beam clutter suppression algorithm is proposed, which uses the transformation matrix to convert the space-time two-dimensional data into azimuth-elevation-Doppler three-dimensional data. By eliminating auxiliary beam clutter data, only the main beam clutter data which plays a major role in dual-basis clutter suppression is retained to form a three-dimensional cross-beam for local adaptive clutter suppression. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and the demand of training samples, while trying to ensure that the clutter suppression performance does not degrade. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by analyzing the clutter suppression effect and computation amount of various algorithms in typical combat scenarios. Therefore, the algorithm has great potential in the applications of airborne bistatic and non-stationary clutter suppression.
Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with random mutation and perception
Authors: HUANG Yi , LIANG Fangchi , FAN Chengli , SONG Zhanfu
Published: June 2023

Since traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO) is prone to premature phenomenon when solving complex functions in high-dimensional space, a particle swarm optimization algorithm with random variation and dynamic perception factors in terms of the movement laws and dispersion characteristics of particles in space is proposed. In order to encourage individual particles to explore their own neighborhoods and reduce the premature phenomenon of particles due to over-reliance on individual optimality and global optimality, a random mutation factor with a questioning strategy for neighborhoods is added to the basic algorithm to improve the speed update. At the same time, a perception factor is added to the particle position update, so that the particle can dynamically and adaptively control the spatial distance between itself and other particles in the same dimension, so as to avoid falling into local optimum. The algorithm has obvious superiority and robustness in solving complex functions in high-dimensional space through test function experiments, algorithm comparison analysis experiments, random parameter influence experiments and algorithm complexity experiments.
Within-host evolutionary dynamics of antimicrobial quantitative resistance
Authors: Djidjou-Demasse Ramsès , Sofonea Mircea T. , Choisy Marc , Alizon Samuel
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial efficacy is traditionally described by a single value, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the lowest concentration that prevents visible growth of the bacterial population. As a consequence, bacteria are classically qualitatively categorized as resistant if therapeutic concentrations are below MIC and susceptible otherwise. However, there is a continuity in the space of the bacterial resistance levels. Here, we introduce a model of within-host evolution of resistance under treatment that considers resistance as a continuous quantitative trait, describing the level of resistance of the bacterial population. The use of intcgro-differential equations allows to simultaneously track the dynamics of the bacterial population density and the evolution of its level of resistance. We analyze this model to characterize the conditions; in terms of (a) the efficiency of the drug measured by the antimicrobial activity relatively to the host immune response, and (b) the cost-benefit of resistance; that (i) prevents bacterial growth to make the patient healthy, and (ii) ensures the emergence of a bacterial population with a minimal level of resistance in case of treatment failure. We investigate how chemotherapy (i.e., drug treatment) impacts bacterial population structure at equilibrium, focusing on the level of evolved resistance by the bacterial population in presence of antimicrobial pressure. We show that this level is explained by the reproduction number R0. We also explore the impact of the initial bacterial population size and their average resistance level on the minimal duration of drug administration in preventing bacterial growth and the emergence of resistant bacterial population.
Mitragyna speciosa Korth.,
der Kratombaum
Authors: Jenett-Siems Kristina
Published: June 2023

Der Kratom-Baum, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., ist in feuchten
Tieflandwäldern der Malaiischen Halbinsel und auf dem Malaiischen
Archipel verbreitet. Die Blätter wurden volksmedizinisch bei
Bluthochdruck, Durchfall, Husten oder Fieber verwendet. Aufgrund opioidartiger
Effekte besitzt die Pflanze in asiatischen Ländern wie Thailand und
Malaysia eine lange Nutzungsgeschichte. Die frischen Blätter werden als
anregendes Genussmittel gekaut oder als Teeaufguss getrunken. Phytochemische
Untersuchungen führten zur Isolierung von iridoiden Indolalkaloiden wie
Mitragynin; neben den Alkaloiden sind Flavonoide, Kaffeesäurederivate,
Monoterpene und Triterpenglykoside enthalten. Moderne In-vitro-Untersuchungen
belegen eine Interaktion verschiedener Alkaloide mit Opioid-Rezeptoren,
tierexperimentelle Befunde deuten auf eine analgetische und
möglicherweise antidepressive/anxiolytische Wirkung hin.
Klinische Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Blattdroge liegen bisher nicht vor.
Phytotherapeutische Praxis bei Magen- und Darmbeschwerden im
Kindesalter
Authors: Kastner Ulrike
Published: June 2023

Pflanzliche Arzneimittel bieten eine vielschichtige Therapieoption bei
gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter. Dabei gilt es, traditionelles
Wissen um altbewährte Arzneipflanzen mit Erkenntnissen aus rezenten
pharmakologischen, toxikologischen und klinischen Studien in Einklang zu bringen
und die für die pädiatrischen Patienten geeignete Therapie mit
qualitativ hochwertigen und sicheren pflanzlichen Produkten zu gestalten. Die
Verfügbarkeit von zugelassenen Phytopharmaka, speziell für
Kinder unter 12 Jahren, ist beschränkt und so wird in der
kinderärztlichen Praxis mitunter auch auf traditionelle Konzepte
zurückgegriffen.
Phytotherapeutika für Kinder
Authors: Kraft Karin , Hensel Andreas
Published: June 2023

Einleitung Seit Inkrafttreten der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1901/2006 im
Jahr 2006, mit der die Entwicklung und Verfügbarkeit von Arzneimitteln
für Kinder erleichtert werden soll, ist bis heute in einigen Bereichen
zwar ein deutlicher Fortschritt erzielt worden, allerdings nicht bei den
pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln (HMP).

Methodik Im Mai 2022 wurde deshalb von der Stiftung „Plants for
Health“, der Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzen- und
Naturstoff-Forschung (GA) und der Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie (GPT)
ein internationales eSymposium mit Experten aus verschiedenen Fachgebieten
organisiert, um geeignete Maßnahmen zur Etablierung von rational
begründeten Dosierungsschemata für Phytotherapeutika zur
Anwendung bei Kindern zu diskutieren. Dafür sollten der Status quo aus
akademischer und klinisch-pädiatrischer Sicht dargestellt und
verschiedene Besonderheiten einschließlich regulatorischer Anforderungen
aus den deutschsprachigen Ländern, Großbritannien, Spanien und
der Eurasischen Wirtschaftsunion analysiert werden. Als mögliche
Lösungsansätze wurden klinische Studien, validierte
Extrapolationsverfahren und die Generierung von Real-World-Daten (RWD)
vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die Anforderungen der Verordnung (EG) Nr.
1901/2006 werden aus phytotherapeutischer Sicht bislang nicht
erfüllt. HMPs sind wirksame und sichere Therapieoptionen, die
physiologischen Besonderheiten des Kindesalters erfordern jedoch eine Anpassung
von Dosierungen und Zubereitungsformen. Registrierung, Inverkehrbringen und
Anwendung von HMPs unterscheiden sich in verschiedenen europäischen
Ländern bzw. Regionen teilweise erheblich. Für die Festlegung
rational begründeter pädiatrischer Dosierungen für HMPs
können unter bestimmten Prämissen die Extrapolation von
entsprechenden Daten für Erwachsene sowie Daten aus den –
derzeit allerdings nur wenigen – pädiatrischen klinischen
Studien genutzt werden. RWD aus verschiedenen Quellen könnten ebenfalls
zur Lösung der Probleme beitragen, allerdings erfordert dies eine
Anpassung des bisherigen Rechtsrahmens.
High Prescribing and State-Level Variation in Z-Drug Use Among Medicare Patients
Authors: Anderson Kaitlin E. , Gifeisman Rachel I. , Basting James L. , Harris Donovan J. , Rajan Antonica R. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J.
Published: June 2023

Background Z-drugs are nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics used for sleep initiation and maintenance; these drugs increase the risk of fall-related injuries in older adults. The American Geriatrics Society’s Beers criteria classifies Z-drugs as high-risk and strongly recommends avoiding prescribing Z-drugs to older adults due to adverse effects. The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of Z-drug prescribing among Medicare Part D patients and identify state or specialty-dependent prescribing differences. This study also aimed to determine prescribing patterns of Z-drugs to Medicare patients.

Methods Z-drug prescription data was extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services State Drug Utilization Data for 2018. For all 50 states, the number of prescriptions per 100 Medicare enrollees and days-supply per prescription was determined. The percentage of total prescriptions prescribed by each specialty and the average number of prescriptions per provider within each specialty was also determined.

Results Zolpidem was the most prescribed Z-drug (95.0%). Prescriptions per 100 enrollees were significantly high in Utah (28.2) and Arkansas (26.7) and significantly low in Hawaii (9.3) relative to the national average (17.5). Family medicine (32.1%), internal medicine (31.4%), and psychiatry (11.7%) made up the largest percentages of total prescriptions. The number of prescriptions per provider was significantly high among psychiatrists.

Discussion Contrary to the Beers criteria, Z-drugs are prescribed to older adults at high rates.