bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Kasus Keterlambatan Bicara Anak Usia 6 tahun
Authors: Siregar Aisyah Oktavia , Hazizah Nur
Published: January 2021

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan tentang faktor penyebab dan solusi keterlambatan bicara anak TK Aisyiyah 29 Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan study kasus. Peneliti menggunakan orangtua dan guru sebagai informan. Cara untuk mengumpulkan data yang peneliti gunakan adalah dokumentasi, wawancara dan teknik lapangan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan beberapa faktor keterlambatan bicara anak i TK Aisyiyah 29 Padang dan solusi dalam menghadapinya. Faktor keterlambatan bicara anak seperti 1) pengetahuan masih kurang: belum bisa mengenal huruf dan angka. 2) bahasa kedua: anak bingung menggunakan bahasa. 3) gaya bicara: dalam berbicara anak tiak jelas. 4) hubungan orangtua: orangtua sibuk dan kurang memperhatikan perkembangan anak. 5) kesehatan: pendengaran, lidah, dan hidung anak tidak terjadi masalah. Hasil temuan didukung teori dan pendapat ahli yang berkaitan. Selanjutnya upaya peneliti lakukan yaitu, menstimulasi anak agar berbicara dengan kegiatan belajar mengajardan memberi tahu orangtua saran dari para ahli dan lembaga khusus masalah yang dihadapi anak.
Typical Parents' Interactions With Early Childhood During 'At Home Only' Learning
Authors: Samiji Mukhamad Hamid , Khomsiyatun Umi
Published: January 2021

Home learning alone is one of the learnings applied at almost all levels of education when the covid-19 pandemic began. This study aims to describe the patterns of parent-to-child interaction during online learning, especially at the early childhood education level. The method used in this research is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data source in this study was obtained from parents whose children attended PAUD Wadas Kelir. The results of this study showed that home learning alone positions parents to reform as teachers. So the interaction patterns created during home learning alone show the position of parents in managing interactions during home learning alone is very important. The formation of parent-to-child interaction patterns produces two patterns, namely direct interaction patterns and indirect interaction patterns.
Activist 101 Activities for Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Olson Beal Heather K. , Burrow Lauren , Cross Chrissy , Wagnon Amber
Published: January 2021

This Teaching Note briefly describes three activities that can easily be integrated into any teacher education course.
A supervisão pedagógica e a formação contínua: mitos e percepções por meio de narrativas dos professores do Distrito de Monapo
Authors: Nicaquela Wilson Profírio , Assane Adelino Inácio
Published: January 2021

What perceptions do teachers have about pedagogical supervision? This may be the founding question of a narrative research with teachers of Monapo district, in Nampula Province, Northern of Mozambique, which we developed within the scope of the PhD course in Educational Innovation, at the Faculty of Education and Communication of the Catholic University of Mozambique. The objective was to analyze teachers’ experiences on pedagogical supervision. For this, we asked teachers to produce texts narrating their experiences at school, as objects and/or subjects of the supervision process. This exercise is considered as the methodology of our study. To achieve the objective, we took as indicators: the role of the supervisor, the skills of the supervisor, and the perception of what supervision is and the challenges of supervision. Through the testimonies of the teachers, we could conclude that there is evidence at the level of the implications for the supervisee, because the procedures employed, in their perception, are not the most suitable for the monitoring and development of the teaching work, since they understand supervision as an administrative practice, with a supervisory and punitive function. Hence, they do not consider it as an auxiliary instrument for their professional development. Thus, when the supervision takes the character of assistance to the class, this process has been considered an “event” and not a practical space/training moment for some supervisors and/or teachers.
Investigating Impact of Analysis Matrix Summarization Technique on Iranian University Students’ Reading Comprehension Enhancement
Authors: Bahrami Samaneh , Rahimy Ramin
Published: January 2021

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of the analysis matrix, a type of graphic organizer, as a language improvement supportive attempt on fostering reading comprehension in an EFL academic context. The main question this study tried to answer was whether using this technique might enhance reading comprehension abilities among Iranian non-English majors. To achieve this goal, 120 nursing and microbiology majors were randomly selected from a population of the non-English majors enrolled for the Academic English course. They were divided into four groups of 30 and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. A pre-test of reading comprehension was administered to all groups. Then, they were taught passages to read for eight sessions with different methods; the experimental groups received a treatment of analysis matrix technique instruction while the control groups were taught with the traditional method, including no summarization instruction. A post-test of reading comprehension was finally administered to all groups. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to control the effects of the pre-test on the outcomes. The results indicated a statistically significant difference due to pedagogical intervention; the two experimental groups outperformed on the post-test after being treated with analysis matrix technique for eight sessions.
CLIL in Pharmacology: Enabling Student Voice
Authors: Filice Serafina
Published: January 2021

Over the past decades, the integration of content and language in education has been gaining ground in different design formats and at various levels of education worldwide. This study describes a pilot project carried out at the School of Pharmacy of an Italian University, using a partial-CLIL format, as this was the only model accepted for experimentation by the School. The terms partial CLIL and adjunct CLIL describe different degrees of integration. Since this was the first trial with students from the Pharmacy program, the main concern was finding out how they would respond to such an “‘innovative” approach. Despite the plethora of literature available on CLIL in higher education, there is a lack of research regarding students’ views on the issue; no consideration seems to be given to the main protagonists who undergo this “novel” approach. Hence, the aim of the study was to seek students’ voice on the experience—their thoughts and feelings. Student perceptions are essential for future didactical applications. A mixed method approach to data collection was employed to give strong validity to the data (direct observation, focus group interview followed by a survey questionnaire). The preliminary findings gathered from the qualitative and quantitative analysis contribute positively to the organization of CLIL courses in higher education. Overall, the results reveal positive student views, but, at the same time, encourage reflections for teachers and stakeholders on how to prepare students for CLIL lessons and on structuring CLIL programs for future implementations.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Versus Osteoarthritis in Patients Receiving Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in the United States: Increased Perioperative Risks? A National Database-Based Propensity Score–Matching Study
Authors: Pan Xin , Wang Jian , Shi Zhe , Cheng Hao , Lin Zeming , Wu Xuanping , Shi Zhanjun
Published: January 2021

Background:

The impacts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on perioperative risks among patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) have not been investigated yet. Thus, we hypothesized that patients with RA sustained increased perioperative risks and higher resource consumption burdens as compared to patients with osteoarthritis (OA) during the perioperative period.

Patients and Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to compare the demographic characteristics, major in-hospital complications, resource consumptions, and in-hospitalization mortality between patients with RA and OA after rTKA. A 1:1 propensity score–matching, χ2 test, independence-sample T-test, and logistic regression analysis were done in statistical analyses to answer our hypotheses.

Results:

4.3% (6363/132,405) of rTKA patients were diagnosed with RA. They tended to be women and received revision for infection but with similar ages as compared to patients with OA. Except for acute postoperative anemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.196), blood transfusion (OR = 1.179), prolonged hospitalization (OR = 1.049), and higher total cost (OR = 1.145), patients with RA sustained decreased odds of acute renal failure (OR = 0.804) and urinary complications (OR = 0.467). Besides, the other observed in-hospital complications showed no differences between patients with RA and OA.

Conclusion:

Despite consuming greater in-hospital resources, patients with RA did not suffer increased odds of most in-hospital complications and in-hospital mortality for a revision TKA during the perioperative period. Compared with patients with OA, patients with RA sustained equivalent perioperative risks in the United States between 2002 and 2014.
Current Concept Review: Inclusion and Analysis of Diverse Study Populations in Orthopaedic Research
Authors: Beck Jennifer J. , Pandya Nirav K. , Carter Cordelia W. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: January 2021

As disparities in healthcare access and outcomes have been increasingly identified across medical specialties, the importance of recognizing and understanding the diversity of our patient populations and the influence of individual characteristics such as age, sex, gender, race, and ethnicity on clinical outcomes has been emphasized. Orthopaedic literature has advanced dramatically in the quality and quantity of research generated over the past 25 years, yet a consistent, sustained focus on studying musculoskeletal health in the context of these unique patient-specific variables has not been maintained. The result of this inattention may be the provision of orthopaedic care that is ill-suited for the individual patient whose biologic characteristics, life experiences, and cultural constructs differ from that of the typical research subject. The recent proliferation of meta-analyses—whose intention is to optimize statistical power—likely compounds the problem because improper, inconsistent, or absent categorization of patients in research articles precludes meaningful subgroup analysis. This article describes the current variability in demographic reporting in the orthopaedic literature, highlights the importance of complete, consistent demographic reporting and subgroup analysis, and reviews specific examples of orthopaedic conditions that illustrate how clinical outcomes may be affected by patient-specific variables such as age, sex, gender, race, and ethnicity.
Mineral Fertilizers Influence the Macrofauna of Soils Under Cocoa Trees in the South-Western Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouadio Hypolith K. , Kotaix Alain Jacques A. , Bakayoko Sydiki , Kassin Emmanuel K. , Sékou Aïdara , Ehounou Jean Noël , Kouamé Norbert N. , Assi Marise E. , Koko Louis
Published: January 2021

A study on mineral fertilization of soils was carried out for two years in three cocoa farms in the Nawa region of south-western Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizers on soil macrofauna. The experimental design was Fisher block with four treatment with three repetitions. The treatments were control without fertilizer (T0), NPK 0-23-19 fertilizer (T1), NPK 0-15-15 + 17 CaO + 5 MgO + 1 B2O3 + 0.5 Zn (T2) and NPK 4-10-10 + 19 CaO + 4 MgO + 0.8 B2O3 + 0.3 Zn (T3). Twelve soil monoliths were made per treatment and per site, to count the macrofauna of the soil. Each soil monolith was subdivided into three strata 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The organisms were counted and classified into functional groups. The abundance, species richness and diversity indices of Shannon-weaver and Piélou were determined. The analysis of variance of the numbers of individuals in the macrofauna did not show a significant difference between the treatments on different strata of the monoliths during the second year of the trial. However, during the first year, all the treatments with fertilizer in the 0-10 cm stratum had a more abundant macrofauna than that of the control without fertilizer at Soubré and Mayo. Multivariate analyses (AFC) showed links between functional groups of organisms and treatments. Myriapods and earthworms were linked to the T2 and T3 treatments, microarthropods to T1 and other organisms to T0. As for macrofauna diversity, the highest value of species richness (7 species), Shannon-weaver (2) and Piélou (1) indices were found in the fertilized treatments. Mineral fertilizers thus presented better conditions for the expansion of macrofauna. A reasoned application of mineral fertilizers creates a favourable living environment for certain soil organisms.
Enabling Environment for Inclusive Horticultural Value Chain for Smallholders in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Ndou Portia , Taruvinga Bridget , Plooy Christian P. du , Ramusandiwa Tshililo , Mokwala Michael
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enabling environment within which smallholder farmers operate amidst the uneven playing field in the agricultural sector and the stringent demands of the consumer driven market. Most of the smallholder farmers utilise informal vegetable markets and these offer higher prices for the leafy vegetables. The study is based on data collected from 56 smallholder vegetable producers in Gauteng Province of South Africa. The study unveiled that the business environment has many challenges for the smallholder to competitively function in formal marketing channels, including poor upstream and downstream linkages and access to finance and technology. Access to inputs is a limiting factor to productivity with almost 41.7% of the farmers depending of government input handouts. The results of the logistic regression analysis shows a positive relationship between the choice of most utilised market and age, level of education, established arrangement with certain markets and sources of information on markets. This study concludes that there is need for multi-stakeholder engagements including organisations already working with smallholder farmers in order to ensure that there is no overlap of support services and hence indirectly ensuring wider coverage of farmer support. Both upstream and downstream linkages need to be promoted and this needs the intervention of the government through the support of organisations such as the national Department of Agriculture.
Corona-Warn-App – Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung für eine digitale Lösung zur Pandemiebekämpfung
Authors: Klein Andreas , Nihalani Katrin , Wollmann Christina
Published: January 2021

Im Rahmen der Covid-19-Pandemie stellt die Corona-Warn-App ein Instrument dar, um die Ausbreitung des Virus besser nachverfolgen zu können und das Gesundheitswesen vor Überlastung zu schützen. Allerdings steigt der Gesamtnutzen der App nur, wenn mehr Personen als bisher diese auf ihrem Smartphone installieren und aktiv einsetzen. Damit steht die Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung im Mittelpunkt sowohl für den Erfolg als auch für weitere Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der App. Die vorgestellte empirische Studie gibt Ansatzpunkte in Bezug auf Nutzer und Nicht-Nutzer.
Applications of Machine Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Toh Christopher , P. Brody James
Published: January 2021

Machine learning techniques in healthcare use the increasing amount of health data provided by the Internet of Things to improve patient outcomes. These techniques provide promising applications as well as significant challenges. The three main areas machine learning is applied to include medical imaging, natural language processing of medical documents, and genetic information. Many of these areas focus on diagnosis, detection, and prediction. A large infrastructure of medical devices currently generates data but a supporting infrastructure is oftentimes not in place to effectively utilize such data. The many different forms medical information exist in also creates some challenges in data formatting and can increase noise. We examine a brief history of machine learning, some basic knowledge regarding the techniques, and the current state of this technology in healthcare.
Remote Management of Autonomous Factory
Authors: Kheng Tan Yen , George Felix
Published: January 2021

In today’s mass production era, the world is making things (products and systems) so quickly and systematically in huge volume. The demand for these products is very high and, at the same time, consumers are still in search for a need for making the production very personalized. Hence, the “one mold fits all” approach may not seem to be enough. The present approach is facing the lack of networking between the automation pyramid levels, that is, especially between enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution system (MES) layers and, in turn, communicating directly with the lower layers is not possible. This missing communication among the process equipment like machineries and field control systems like PLCs at the production shop floors implies that customization at the product layer for the consumer is still in progress in classical manufacturing. Mini-MES is a new concept being introduced here to solve the existing techniques reported in the literature and is followed by industry best practices. The novel mini-MES platform provides an avenue for the technology process level (the most bottom layer) to interplay interconnectivity and interoperability with its higher levels until the above pain points are addressed holistically. The chapter is going to focus mainly on the factory production of digital manufacturing and on describing the 3-Cs implementation plan, the enabling technology, and the achievable outcome ahead.
An Open-label Randomized Control Trial Comparing Clonidine and Buprenorphine for Medically-Assisted Opium Withdrawal of Adolescents
Authors: Firouzkouhi Moghadam Mahboubeh , Bakhshani Nour-Mohammad , Noroozi Alireza , Sharifi Mood Farnaz , Lotfinia Shahab
Published: January 2021

Background: There is an increasing trend in treatment demand for opioid dependence among adolescents in Iran. However, evidence regarding effective treatment in this population is very limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of clonidine and buprenorphine for inpatient medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence aged 12 and 16 years. Materials and Methods: The study is an open-label, randomized controlled trial with convenience sampling. In total, 36 adolescents took part in this study who were randomly assigned to buprenorphine or clonidine groups. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale was used to monitor the withdrawal severity on days one, two, three, seven, and 14. Results: The findings showed both treatments were effective. However, withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group showed a greater reduction in the first seven days of withdrawal treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between the two groups. Patients with a longer duration of opioid use showed higher levels of withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group on days one and three. Conclusions: Buprenorphine treatment was found to be more effective than clonidine in controlling opioid withdrawal during the initial days of treatment. However, it lost its superiority towards the end of the follow-up. It seems that clonidine could be a good alternative to buprenorphine in the medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence.
Evaluation of Gluten-Free Diet Efficacy for Improving Quality of Life of Patients with Celiac Disease
Authors: Alavinejad Pezhman , Shafiolleh Talokdar Yosra , Shokati Ashkiki Zahra
Published: January 2021

Background: As the only effective treatment of celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong commitment to a gluten-free diet (GFD), this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of GFD in the quality of life (QOL) of patients with CD to persuade them for strict commitment. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the QOL of CD patients registered in the celiac society of Khuzestan province was evaluated and compared before and at least one year after commencing GFD using the QOL SF-36 questionnaire. Results: Overall, 200 CD patients (66 males and 134 females) were evaluated. The average age of male and female participants was 26.3 and 30.34 years, respectively (61% between 20 and 60-years-old). After GFD, complaints such as bloating (P = 0.001), abdominal pain (P = 0.001), diarrhea (P = 0.001), nausea (P = 0.001), vomiting (P = 0.03), reflux and regurgitation (P = 0.025), anorexia (P = 0.001), fatigue (P = 0.001), headache (P = 0.008), oral aphthous lesions (P = 0.014), weight loss (P = 0.001), and bone pain (P = 0.005) significantly improved while other symptoms such as muscular pain (P = 0.157), dermatitis (P = 0.083), and numbness (P = 0.317) did not show any major improvement. The average scores of QOL before and after GFD were 0.74 and 3.41, respectively, which demonstrated significant improvement (P = 0.001). This improvement was even seen among cases with sub-optimal compliance (average QOL score 3.28, P = 0.001). Conclusion: A gluten-free diet could significantly improve the quality of life of patients with celiac disease, and they should be encouraged as much as possible to be committed to this regimen.
Perceptions and Preferences Regarding Multiple Sclerosis Research Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Pimentel Maldonado Daniela A. , Moreno April , Williams Mitzi J. , Amezcua Lilyana , Feliciano Shawn , Williams Anita , Machemer Daniel , Livingston Terrie , LaRocque Monique , Glim Melissa , Schmidt Hollie
Published: January 2021

Background:

For unclear reasons, minorities have been historically underrepresented in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. We hypothesized that different perceptions and preferences about research participation among racial and ethnic groups contribute to this imbalance.

Methods:

Members of the MS Minority Research Engagement Partnership Network developed a Web-based survey in English and Spanish on research impressions, concerns, and preferences regarding study attributes among people with MS. Invitations to take the survey were distributed by network members and partner organizations.

Results:

We included 2599 participants with MS (2111 White, 215 African American; 188 Hispanic). Consistently disliked study attributes included potential harms to health and confusing study information. Compared with White and non-Hispanic participants, respectively, African American (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, P ≤ .001) and Hispanic (OR = 1.79, P = .003) participants were more concerned about being used by the research team. Hispanic participants were more concerned about research participation carrying risks to their legal status (OR = 1.70, P = .001). Hispanic (OR = 3.18, P ≤ .001) and African American (OR = 5.51, P ≤ .001) participants were more likely to prefer for the study to benefit their own racial/ethnic group. A top concern across all groups was not being fully informed about the research.

Conclusions:

We found strong support for research across racial and ethnic groups; however, minority groups have specific concerns regarding mistrust, receiving poor-quality care, unemployment, health insurance, and legal status. Investigators wanting to recruit a diverse study population are advised to show how they have addressed these concerns and to communicate how the research will advance the science and literature and result in better care and/or other benefits to underrepresented communities.
Development and Cross-Validation of a Simple Model to Estimate Percent Body Fat in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bertapelli Fabio , Silveira Stephanie L. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis , Motl Robert W.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) have higher body composition variability compared with the general population. Monitoring body composition requires accurate methods for estimating percent body fat (%BF). We developed and cross-validated an equation for estimating %BF from body mass index (BMI) and sex in persons with MS.

Methods:

Seventy-seven adults with MS represented the sample for the equation development. A separate sample of 33 adults with MS permitted the equation cross-validation. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided the criterion %BF.

Results:

The model including BMI and sex (mean ± SD age: women, 49.2 ± 8.8 years; men, 48.6 ± 9.8 years) had high predictive ability for estimating %BF (P < .001, R2 = 0.77, standard error of estimate = 4.06%). Age, MS type, Patient-Determined Disease Steps score, and MS duration did not improve the model. The equation was %BF = 3.168 + (0.895 × BMI) − (10.191 × sex); sex, 0 = woman; 1 = man. The equation was cross-validated in the separate sample (age: women, 48.4 ± 9.4 years; men, 43.8 ± 15.4 years) based on high accuracy as indicated by strong association (r = 0.89, P < .001), nonsignificant difference (mean: 0.2%, P > .05), small absolute error (mean: 2.7%), root mean square error (3.5%), and small differences and no bias in Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference: 0.2%, 95% CI: −6.98 to 6.55, rs = −0.07, P = .702) between DXA-determined and equation-estimated %BF.

Conclusions:

Health care providers can use this developed and cross-validated equation for estimating adiposity in persons with MS when DXA is unavailable.
Lo jurodivyj in Nostalghia. Genesi ed evoluzione di Domenico nella sceneggiatura di Tarkovskij e Guerra
Authors: Matteucci Cristina
Published: January 2021

This article aims to analyze the evolution of Domenico’s character in the different versions of Nostalghia’s script, written by Andrei Tarkovsky and Tonino Guerra. By comparing the director’s diaries with the twelve original typescripts kept in the Tarkovsky’s archive, it is possible to trace the origin and the evolution of the character, which has some similarities with the holy fool of Russian tradition. In the first versions of the script, in which the character is still vague and undefined, there are some quotes from Dostoevsky’s works that refer to the theme of madness. These references disappear in the latest versions, when Domenico begins to acquire more importance in the narrative and often expresses himself about madness with quotes from Guerra’s works.
A SMRT approach for targeted amplicon sequencing of museum specimens (Lepidoptera)—patterns of nucleotide misincorporation
Authors: D’Ercole Jacopo , Prosser Sean W.J. , Hebert Paul D.N.
Published: January 2021

Natural history collections are a valuable resource for molecular taxonomic studies and for examining patterns of evolutionary diversification, particularly in the case of rare or extinct species. However, the recovery of sequence information is often complicated by DNA degradation. This article describes use of the Sequel platform (Pacific Biosciences) to recover the 658 bp barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene from 380 butterflies with an average age of 50 years. Nested multiplex PCR was employed for library preparation to facilitate sequence recovery from extracts with low concentrations of highly degraded DNA. By employing circular consensus sequencing (CCS) of short amplicons (circa 150 bp), full-length barcodes could be assembled without a reference sequence, an important advance from earlier protocols which required reference sequences to guide contig assembly. The Sequel protocol recovered COI sequences (499 bp on average) from 318 of 380 specimens (84%), much higher than for Sanger sequencing (26%). Because each read derives from a single molecule, it was also possible to quantify the incidence of substitutions arising from DNA damage. In agreement with past work on sequence changes induced by DNA degradation, the transition C/G → T/A was the most prevalent category of change, but its rate of occurrence (4.58E−4) was so low that it did not impede the recovery of reliable sequences. Because the current protocol recovers COI sequence from most museum specimens, and because sequence fidelity is unaffected by nucleotide misincorporations, large-scale sequence characterization of museum specimens is feasible.
Genome-wide miRNA expression profiling in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) reveals TOR-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulatory networks in diverse metabolic pathway
Authors: Deng Kexuan , Yin Huan , Xiong Fangjie , Feng Li , Dong Pan , Ren Maozhi
Published: January 2021

Target of rapamycin (TOR) operates as a hub of the signal transduction that integrates nutrient and energy signaling to promote cell proliferation and growth through mediating the transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulator networks in all eukaryotic species. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widespread classes of small, single-stranded, non-coding endogenous RNAs and are widely found in eukaryotes, which play a vital role in regulating gene expression by degrading targeted mRNAs or translational repression at post-transcriptional level. Recent studies found that there were necessarily close connections between miRNA and TOR pathways in mammals. However, there is little information about the interplay between the miRNA and TOR in plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify potential TOR-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in TOR signaling through global mRNA and microRNA expression profiling in potato. Based on the previous high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and filtering, a total of 2,899 genes were significantly differentially expressed in potato under TOR inhibitors treatment. Pathway analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in multiple metabolic processes. Similarly, in the present study, suppression of TOR resulted in 41 miRNAs up-regulated and 45 down-regulated, revealing that TOR plays a crucial role in the regulation of miRNA regulatory network. Furthermore, integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling uncovered that these miRNAs participated in large-scale metabolic process in the TOR signal pathway in potato, such as regulation of autophagy and ubiquitination, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Overall, the results shed new insight into TOR related post-transcriptional gene regulatory networks in potato and suggesting TOR-miRNA-targeting genes relevant networks as a potential genetic resource for potato improvement.
Como se move o turismo durante a pandemia da COVID-19?
Authors: Costa Juliana Carneiro da , Allis Thiago
Published: January 2021

Este artigo debate as dicotomias entre mobilidades físicas e imagéticas ocorridas na pandemia da COVID-19, considerando as restrições de fluxos de turistas contidos nas barreiras sanitárias e das comunicações turísticas que, ao mesmo tempo que alertam para a necessidade de restrição ao turismo, promovem seus atrativos na perspectiva de retomada da atividade. Para tal, fez-se uma análise de contexto a partir dos conteúdos (tipologia, representação e discurso/interpretação) presentes nos materiais difundidos pela imprensa e pelos órgãos locais das Rotas Turísticas Costa do Sol/Região dos Lagos e São Paulo/Litoral Norte. Os conteúdos empíricos são expostos como exemplos, pois a essência do trabalho está nas dinâmicas e processos das mobilidades que os caracterizam e transmutam. Os resultados corroboram o argumento que as dimensões física e imagética do turismo ilustram dois elementos principais para se (re)pensar o conceito e as práticas mobilidades turísticas. Assim, as contribuições deste trabalho se colocam em duas vertentes: primeiro, no campo teórico-metodológico das mobilidades, ao ampliar a discussão sobre turismo para além da mobilidade física de corpos, orientados pelo Paradigma das Novas Mobilidades; segundo, coloca em discussão vertentes contraditórias sobre as práticas turísticas no presente, podendo orientar a gestão da atividade em função dos desdobramentos da pandemia.
Measurement Invariance of the Sensitive Assessment for Gender Equality (SAGE) Index Across Degree: Findings from two Teacher Education Programmes in Spain
Authors: Miralles-Cardona Cristina , Chiner Esther , Cardona-Moltó María Cristina
Published: January 2021

Western European countries have made impressive gender equality (GE) progress in education during the last few decades. Unfortunately, the implementation of gender mainstreaming (GM) in higher education has not been satisfactory. This paper describes a survey-based research study designed to explore student teachers’ perceptions of training for GE in teacher education (TE) using the Sensitive Assessment for Gender Equality (SAGE) index. The study firstly aims to analyse the factor invariance across degree of the SAGE and secondly tries to describe the status of GM implementation in teacher education programmes from students’ perspectives. Data were collected from 398 student teachers (84% female) aged 21.44, enrolled on two TE programmes from a public higher education institution in the Autonomous Region of Valencia (Spain). Using single and multi-group CFA the study revealed that the proposed three-factor structure of the SAGE fitted well to early childhood and elementary school student teachers’ data, thus suggesting equivalence between its components in both samples. Early childhood students scored significantly higher than elementary school student teachers in their reported perceptions of gender equality training and awareness of gender inequalities. Results will be displayed in terms of identifying institutional and curricular needs for GE education practices as findings reveal a clear demand for change.
Cutaneous Horn of Prepucial Skin on Pre-existing Lichen Sclerosus in a Young Male: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Agarwal Nitin Kumar , Sao Dev Kumar
Published: January 2021

Cutaneous horn of penis is rare. Cutaneous horns are generally found over sun exposed areas of body after fifth decade of life. Penile horns are hyperkeratotic lesions which are secondary to chronic irritation. Hereby,the author reports a case of a young male with cutaneous horn over phimotic prepucial skin with lichen sclerosus which was successfully treated by circumcision.
Trigona Honey Home Industry Development for Economic Recovery in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in North Lombok West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Kholil . , Ariani Nafiah , Karsoma Dian
Published: January 2021

The devastating earthquake on 28 July 2018 in Lombok and the COVID-19 pandemic have put high economic pressure on the community. It is not only the damage to economic infrastructure that stops business activities, but also very strict health protocols, especially social distancing and avoiding crowding that make business activities impossible. Trigona bee farm has been one of the productive activities to support the family economy for the people of North Lombok since decades ago. During the Covid-19 pandemic, which has been running for almost 10 months, the activities of Trigona beekeeping are still running; in fact, the demand has actually increased. This research aims to develop the best strategy to make business scale of Trigona honey and community income increase, using the SAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) method and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results showed that the demand for trigona honey during the pandemic has actually increased, because this honey has a very complete nutritional content, which can be used to increase immunity against of COVID-19. There are three main problems that were faced by the trigona bee farmers to develop their business: Trigona seeds, cultivation technology, and business management. The best strategy to increase their business and income is cultivation system technology and providing added value.
The Commodification of “Stay at Home” in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era in Indonesia
Authors: Napitupulu Frengki
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic disease spreading around the world, including Indonesia, makes changes in lifestyle. Stay at home is a jargon to break the chain of virus transmission by working from home, learning at home, and praying at home. All activities are mostly done online and virtually. It certainly becomes the competitive market for the industry of media providing the services for, at least, those three activities when staying at home. In the critical paradigm area, this study discusses how ‘stay at home’ experiences the commodification and it changes into a market for the industry of media related to technology, service provider, application, and advertisement. The findings related to the level of share capitalism and high supply and demand were presented in a descriptive qualitative method. The commodification of stay at home changes the behavior pattern of people who are staying at home related to both relations and interaction, consumption patterns, and the changing needs. The nature of stay at home in people’s lives as the center of life realization, the center of cultural activity, a place for interacting with each other, in the scope of family or community, has changed into a market. Stay at home as a place to communicate people’s necessities starting from the cultural aspect, social, economy, and psychology has changed in a digital home with a virtual theme.
Diseases of Poverty: Neglected Tropical Skin Diseases in a Dermatologic Clinic in South- South Nigeria
Authors: Odibi Bolaji Otike- , Henshaw Eshan , Oninla Olumayowa , Altraide Dasetima
Published: January 2021

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of communicable diseases that are present.

In tropical and subtropical countries. They predominantly occur in developing countries, but may also be found in some developed countries; often associated with poverty, inadequate sanitation and living in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals and livestock. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set targets for elimination and eradication of NTDs, as this would improve the conditions of living in affected communities.

A number of neglected tropical diseases have skin manifestations, thus the dermatologist has a key role to play in their elimination and eradication.  This study at the dermatologic clinic of University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, aims to identify the types and prevalence of these diseases.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study in which the records of patients presenting with neglected tropical skin diseases (NTSDs) in the dermatologic clinic of University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 2015 to April 2018 were obtained and analysed.

Results: One thousand five hundred and eighteen (1518) patients who visited the dermatology clinic during the study period were assessed. Number of 115 cases of NTSDs were identified, which represents 7.57% of the total population.  There were more males (60.87%), with vast majority of cases being in their third decade. Five NTDs were identified, scabies being the most prevalent (80.87%) followed by Hansen’s disease (15.65%).  These diseases affected the productive age groups, therefore possessing the potential of perpetuating poverty in the community.

Conclusion: Neglected tropical skin diseases are common in the dermatologic clinic, Scabies and Hansen’s disease were most prevalent cases recorded. Interestingly scabies was found more in males, in the third decade of life.

This is when men are quite productive, and therefore has the possibility of perpetuating poverty.
In vitro Antischistosomal Activity of Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir (Labiateae) Leaves Aqueous Extract and Derived Fractions against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms
Authors: Kenfack Mérimé Christian , Jatsa Hermine Boukeng , Feussom Nestor Gipwe , Nkondo Emilienne Tienga , Femoe Ulrich Membe , Tsague Christelle Dongmo , Dongo Etienne , Dzeufiet Paul Désiré Djomeni , Kamtchouing Pierre , Tchuente Louis-Albert Tchuem
Published: January 2021

Aims: Treatment against schistosomiasis relies on praziquantel. Its treatment failure and the possible development of resistant schistosomes strains have been reported in the literature. Clerodendrum umbellatum leaves are used in Africa for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of C. umbellatum leaves aqueous extract and derived fractions on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms.

Methodology: Five male and five female Schistosoma mansoni adult worms were incubated in each well for 48 h in a GMEM culture medium with C. umbellatum aqueous extract (125 to 4000 µg/mL) or its n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions or the aqueous residue (62.5 to 2000 µg/mL). The main parameters assessed were the worm’s mortality and the reduction of motor activity. Phytochemical screening of all our tested substances was also performed. The cytotoxicity assay using mouse melanoma liver cells line was performed on the aqueous extract and on the most active fraction.

Results: Our study shown that C. umbellatum leaves aqueous extract and its derived fractions promoted worm mortality. The aqueous extract disclosed a LC50 of 805.21 µg/mL while the LC50 of the methanol fraction was 343.10 µg/mL. With this lowest LC50, the methanol fraction from C. umbellatum aqueous extract was therefore the most active. Moreover, it showed low level of toxicity on hepatocytes. Incubation of worms with C. umbellatum aqueous extract and fractions also resulted in a significant reduction of the motor activity of survival worms with a 39.54 to 100% reduction after 48h. The phytochemical screening of C. umbellatum aqueous extract and fractions revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the in vitro activity of C. umbellatum aqueous extract and derived fractions on S. mansoni adult worms and could then justify its empirical use to combat schistosomiasis.
Plant Growth Regulators in Flowering Alternation of the Fuji Suprema Apple Tree
Authors: Petri José Luiz , Sezerino André Amarildo , Fenili Cristhian Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Aims: Research on alternate bearing in apple trees is usually focused on chemical                thinning techniques, but in recent decades synthetic bioregulators have proven to be             effective in promoting or inhibiting floral induction in apple trees. However, the results can be variable since some cultivars are prone to alternation, as Fuji and its clones. The objective of the present study was to observe the effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Ethephon,                   and their combinations in the formation of flowering buds avoiding flowering alternation, in Cv, Fuji Suprema.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were carried out in southern Brazil, municipality of Caçador / SC, during the cycles from 2014 to 2019, in the cultivar Fuji Suprema / Marubakaido / M9, with 12 years old.

Methodology: Several variables were evaluated such as flowering return, fruit set, yield, number of fruits per plant, average fresh fruit mass, and biennial bearing index (BBI).

Results: The results were variable and showed that NAA and Ethephon had little effect on reducing flowering alternation when applied during the vegetative phase of the Fuji Suprema apple tree. After years of high productivity, there was a decrease in the yield, even in the treatments of NAA and Ethephon. Ethephon or its combination with NAA has a thinning effect, but without influence on the return of flowering.
The Prescribing Trends of Digoxin in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine digoxin prescribing pattern in the outpatient setting in Alkharj.

Methods: This retrospective study included a review of outpatient records between in 2017 and 2018. It included the entire outpatient who received digoxin during the study period.

Results: Only 38 patients received digoxin during 2017 and in 2018, 31 patients received digoxin. More than half of the patients receiving digoxin in 2018 were males (58.06%) and about 54.84% of them aged more than 59 years. Most of the prescribers were residents (77.42%). More than 61 % of the prescriptions were written by cardiology department followed by emergency department (22.58%).

Conclusion: The use of digoxin is uncommon in the outpatient department in Alkharj nonetheless it has a narrow therapeutic window and it should be prescribed carefully because of its adverse events. It is also important to increase the awareness of healthcare providers and patients about digoxin use.
Insights into the SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis in India: Present Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Behera Laxmipreeya , Sahoo Jyoti Prakash , Mahapatra Sushree Suparna , Praveena Jannila , Dash Trupti , Samal Kailash Chandra
Published: January 2021

COVID-19, the infectious pandemic disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This deadly disease was unknown before its catastrophic outbreak of the infection in Wuhan city of China, in December 2019. The pandemic situation has increased the demand of rapid enhancement of the in-vitro diagnostic assays which would enable the mass screening and testing. Several molecular and serological diagnostics assays such as direct viral antigen tests, nucleic acid amplification tests and serological tests were developed. Nucleic acid tests such as RT-PCR. TrueNAT, Feluda Test, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) etc. detect the presence of RNA virus in the nasal or throat swab or from saliva. Antigen tests detect the presence of a virus as the antigen, which is a surface protein. Antibody tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFA), chemiluminescence assays (CLIA) etc. detect the presence of antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2 in the blood samples.
Anti-Cancer Cyclodextrin Nanocapsules Based Formulation Development for Lung Chemotherapy
Authors: Pankaj .
Published: January 2021

Lung carcinoma is one of the highly malignant carcinoma. Oncologists also face a difficulty in handling lung carcinoma. A novel therapeutically strategy in patients with pulmonary cancer may be the immediate injection of chemical-therapeutic agents within lungs. Many drugs are available for in market for treatment of lung cancer but face difficulty due to poor solubility. The paper discusses about development of cyclodextrin modified cationic polymer complex i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG), wherein the complex is used for providing drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs, more specifically ellipcitine. The complex was made by coating PEG over cyclodextrin nanocapsules wherein the core of the capsule is filled with PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate oil for enhancing the delivery of the anti-cancer agent. The complex was then evaluated under characterization studies which includes particle size analysis, zeta potential, morphological analysis, cytotoxicity analysis and anti-cancer effect of the complex. It was found that the complex was more potent in delivering the drug within cancerous cells and was potent to treat lung carcinoma.