bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some class of nonlinear partial differential equations in the ring of copolynomials over a commutative ring
Authors: Gefter Sergiy L. , Piven' Aleksey L.
Published: November 2024

We study the copolynomials, i.e., K-linear mappings from the ring of polynomials K[x] into the commutative ring K. With the help of the Cauchy–Stieltjes transform of a copolynomial, we introduce and examine a multiplication of copolynomials. We investigate the Cauchy problem related to the nonlinear partial differential equation ∂u∂t=aum0(∂u∂x)m1(∂2u∂x2)m2(∂3u∂x3)m3,   m0,m1,m2,m3∈ℕ0,   ∑j=03mj>0,   a∈K in the ring of copolynomials. To find a solution, we use the series of powers of the δ-function. As examples, we consider the Cauchy problem with the Euler–Hopf equation ∂u∂t+u∂u∂x=0, for a Hamilton–Jacobi type equation ∂u∂t=(∂u∂x)2, and for the Harry Dym equation ∂u∂t=u3∂3u∂x3.
Interaction between coronaviruses and the autophagic response
Authors: Yu Jiarong , Ge Shengqiang , Li Jinming , Zhang Yongqiang , Xu Jiao , Wang Yingli , Liu Shan , Yu Xiaojing , Wang Zhiliang
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the emergence and widespread dissemination of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant threat to global public health and social development. In order to safely and effectively prevent and control the spread of coronavirus diseases, a profound understanding of virus-host interactions is paramount. Cellular autophagy, a process that safeguards cells by maintaining cellular homeostasis under diverse stress conditions. Xenophagy, specifically, can selectively degrade intracellular pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, thus establishing a robust defense mechanism against such intruders. Coronaviruses have the ability to induce autophagy, and they manipulate this pathway to ensure their efficient replication. While progress has been made in elucidating the intricate relationship between coronaviruses and autophagy, a comprehensive summary of how autophagy either benefits or hinders viral replication remains elusive. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms that govern how different coronaviruses regulate autophagy. We also provide an in-depth analysis of virus-host interactions, particularly focusing on the latest data pertaining to SARS-CoV-2. Our aim is to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of novel coronavirus vaccines and the screening of potential drug targets.
The nonlinear relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Zhou Ce , Zhou You , Shuai Niannian , Zhou Jiaxiu , Kuang Xin
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a key indicator of kidney function and is associated with numerous health conditions. This study examines the association between eGFR and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a representative cohort of the US adult population.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. The study included 31,020 participants aged 20 years and older. The eGFR estimates were calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. CVD was defined as a self-reported physician's diagnosis of congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. To assess the association between eGFR and CVD risk, the study employed weighted linear regression and generalized additive models.

Results

The study revealed a significant non-linear inverse association between eGFR and CVD risk, with a threshold effect observed at 99.3 ml/min/1.73 m². Below this threshold, each 10-unit increase in eGFR was associated with a 13% decrease in the odds of CVD (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84–0.90, P < 0.001). Above this threshold, no significant association was found between eGFR and CVD risk (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.90–1.20, P = 0.60), indicating that further increases in eGFR beyond this point were not associated with additional cardiovascular benefits. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions for eGFR categories, anemia status, and ratio of family income to poverty (PIR).

Conclusions

This study shows that there is a non-linear relationship between eGFR and CVD risk in the US adult population. The study found evidence of a threshold effect. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing CVD risk factors in individuals with reduced kidney function, especially those with eGFR values below the identified threshold. The relationship between eGFR and CVD risk varies across different subgroups, particularly in relation to eGFR categories, anemia status, and socioeconomic factors.The results provide valuable insights for developing targeted CVD prevention and treatment strategies based on kidney function status.
Exploring research trends and hotspots on PCSK9 inhibitor studies: a bibliometric and visual analysis spanning 2007 to 2023
Authors: Lai Ping , Xu Shuquan , Liu Ziyou , Ling Jiayuan , Tian Kejun , Yan Jianwei , Chen Dong , Zhong Yiming , Xue Jinhua
Published: November 2024

Background

Following the identification of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, research in this area has experienced significant growth. However, a thorough bibliometric analysis of this burgeoning field remains conspicuously absent. The current study aims to delineate research hotspots and anticipate future trends on PCSK9 inhibitors employing bibliometric analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to identify scholarly articles and reviews pertaining to PCSK9 inhibitors, yielding 1,812 documents. Data extraction was followed by analysis and visualization using Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software.

Results

A total of 1,812 publications were included in the final analysis. Ray, KK from the UK was the most prolific author, followed by Pordy, R from the USA. The USA led in publication output [number of publications (Np):776] and number of citations without self-citations (Nc) at 34,289, as well as an H-index of 93. “Cardiovascular System Cardiology” emerged as the predominant subject area. Amgen and the Journal of Clinical Lipidology were identified as the most active institution and journal, respectively. Keywords such as “lipoprotein(a),” “bempedoic acid,” “percutaneous coronary intervention,” “inclisiran,” “peripheral artery disease,” “mortality,” and “endothelial dysfunction” are gaining prominence in the field.

Conclusion

The research on PCSK9 inhibitors is experiencing a sustained growth trajectory. The USA exerts considerable influence in this area, with the Journal of Clinical Lipidology expected to feature more groundbreaking studies. Research on “lipoprotein(a)”, “bempedoic acid”, “percutaneous coronary intervention”, “peripheral artery disease”, and “endothelial dysfunction” are poised to become focal points of future investigation.
Surgical outcomes in adolescents and adults with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery
Authors: Li Baotong , Ding Li , Sun Hansong
Published: November 2024

Background

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. This study aims to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of surgical repair for AAOCA and to introduce a novel off-pump technique for anomalous coronary artery reimplantation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 12 patients aged 12 years and older who underwent AAOCA surgery at Fuwai Hospital between 2009 and 2016.

Results

The median age at surgery was 26 years (range, 13–57 years). Patients with an anomalous left coronary artery from the right sinus (ALCA-R) were significantly younger than those with an anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus (ARCA-L) (P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 13 years (range, 8–15years), 11 patients had widely patent repaired coronary arteries, with the exception of one patient (case 5) who experienced occlusion of the left internal mammary artery graft 1 year post-CABG. The incidence of postoperative cardiac-type symptoms (angina, syncope or dyspnea) was higher in ALCA-R patients compared to ARCA-L patients. Patch angioplasty using a pulmonary artery patch and RCA reimplantation without cardiopulmonary bypass yielded satisfactory medium-term outcomes.

Conclusions

Compared with ARCA-L, the incidence of postoperative cardiac-type symptoms was higher in ALCA-R patients. Properly selected surgical procedures can lead to successful outcomes in patients with AAOCA. Patch angioplasty with a pulmonary artery patch and RCA reimplantation without cardiopulmonary bypass are viable and effective surgical options. CABG may not be the preferred surgical approach for AAOCA.
SPISE INDEX (Single point insulin sensitivity estimator): indicator of insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Tantari Giacomo , Bassi Marta , Pistorio Angela , Minuto Nicola , Napoli Flavia , Piccolo Gianluca , La Valle Alberto , Spacco Giordano , Cervello Carla , D’Annunzio Giuseppe , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Background

Insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity is linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The SPISE index, based on values of fasting triglycerides (mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), and BMI (kg/m2), shows promise in predicting insulin resistance in children.

Methods

This study aimed to identify a SPISE cut-off for detecting insulin resistance and evaluate its relationship with pubertal development, anthropometrics, and glycometabolic profile in 232 children and adolescents, 105 males and 127 females (median age 13.2 years) with overweight (n=48) and obesity (n=184). SPISE index was calculated with the formula: 600 x HDL Cholesterol0,185/Triglycerides0,2x BMI1,338, and patients were categorized based on Tanner stages [(Group 1 (18.8%) Tanner 1, Group 2 (44.6%) Tanner 2-3-4, Group 3 (36.6%) Tanner 5)].

Results

A SPISE cut-off ≤ 6.92 or ≤ 6.13 (based on the method used for insulin resistance detection), in subjects with Tanner stages I and II, showed good sensitivity and specificity as a marker of insulin resistance. SPISE index decreased significantly with the advancement of pubertal status (P < 0.0001) and with worsening severity of obesity (P < 0.0001). While no significant differences in SPISE marker were observed between patients with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance during OGTT within any pubertal stage, SPISE values were significantly lower in patients with confirmed insulin resistance (total sum of insulin OGTT ≥ 535 µu/mL) in all three pubertal groups (Group 1: P=0.008; Group 2: P=0.0008 and Group 3: P=0.002, respectively).

Conclusions

In children and adolescents with obesity the SPISE index can be proposed as an alternative to OGTT and other insulin-based methods for evaluating insulin resistance. Its advantage lies in using readily available and inexpensive laboratory tests, making it suitable for large-scale studies and follow-up monitoring across diverse populations.
Association between various insulin resistance indices and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals: evidence from two prospectives nationwide cohort surveys
Authors: Li Yan , Li Huijuan , Chen Xiaoyu , Liang Xueyan
Published: November 2024

Background

The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), triglyceride glucose (TyG), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) are dependent indicators of insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to evaluate the association between these indicators and the current or feature incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. This study tests the hypothesis that IR indices positively or negatively correlate with CVD, and that the potential predictive performance of the IR indices was not the same.

Methods

Middle-aged and elderly individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with complete data on eGDR, TyG, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR at baseline were obtained. The association between the four indices and CVD was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, an adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) was applied. Finally, the potential predictive performance of the IR indices was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

We included 7,220 participants (mean age: 61.9 ± 10.7 years; 54.0% male) from the NHANES cohort and 6,426 participants (mean age: 57.9 ± 8.4 years; 45.2% male) from the CHARLS cohort in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a decreasing eGDR significantly increased the incidence of CVD both presently and in the future. Similarly, a higher TyG level and METS-IR were significantly associated with a higher incidence of CVD at both timeframes. However, the TG/HDL-C ratio was not significantly associated with CVD, heart disease, or stroke. No significant interactions were observed between the continuous or quartile variables of eGDR, TyG, TG/HDL-C, or METS-IR, and the incidence of various endpoints across most subgroups. The ROC curve indicated the superior predictive performance of the IR indices. Furthermore, the eGDR was superior to other IR indices for the prediction of CVD both at present and in the future in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Conclusion

As continuous variables, eGDR, TyG, and METS-IR were significantly associated with the incidence of CVD, both currently and in the future, among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Notably, incorporating eGDR, TyG, or METS-IR and the basic model significantly increased the predictive value for CVD. Among these indices, the eGDR index stands out as the most promising parameter for predicting CVD, both at present and in the future.
Research on the impact of dual pilot projects for low-carbon and innovative cities on carbon emission efficiency
Authors: Deng Guangyao , Wu You , Qian Jiao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

To achieve higher levels of development in China, building an environmentally friendly, low-carbon economic system is crucial, and policymaking plays a key role in this. Low-carbon and innovative cities pilot were launched in 2010 and 2008, respectively, with the range of pilot cities continuing to expand to date. This study aimed to calculating carbon emission efficiency and exploration the impact of dual pilot low carbon cities and innovative cities on carbon emission efficiency.

Methods

Using a multi-period DID model, this study analyses data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China between 2006 and 2020. The Super-SBM model with undesired output is applied to calculate urban carbon emission efficiency.

Results

The study performs a sequence of robustness tests; it is still found that the dual-pilot policy has a positive promotion effect on urban carbon emission efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effect of dual-pilot is more significant in the central and western regions, with notable differences observed regardless of city size. The impact mechanism analysis finds that the dual-pilot policy boosts the rate by enhancing green innovation in general. The synergy analysis found that the efficiency improvement effect of the dual-pilot on carbon emissions would be more significant than that of the single-pilot policy, indicating that the dual-pilot policy has a synergistic effect and is still significant two years after either the single-pilot or the dual-pilot.

Discussion

The findings indicate that the dual-pilot policy has a better capacity to reduce carbon emission and improve its efficiency, which can work to achieve green development. Nevertheless, the limitation is that it fails to reflect spatial differences, and the relevant research will be further strengthened.
Bioinformatics insights into the role of GFPT1 in breast invasive carcinoma: implications for tumor prognosis, immune modulation, and therapeutic applications
Authors: Liang Jianghui , Deng Xiaolian , Zhang Yingyi , Fei Tianchi , Ouyang Muzi , Yu Chengjie , Xiang Yang , Jia Dongwei , Duan Fangfang
Published: November 2024

Background

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including alterations in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) is the key regulatory enzyme in the HBP; however, its role in invasive breast carcinoma remains underexplored.

Methods

This study utilized integrated data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess GFPT1 expression in breast cancer (BRCA) patients. Functional enrichment and mutational landscape analyses were performed, along with chemosensitivity predictions. In vitro experiments were conducted by silencing GFPT1 in malignant breast epithelial cells to evaluate changes in proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.

Results

Elevated GFPT1 expression was linked to advanced-stage breast cancer and identified as an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (OS). High GFPT1 levels were associated with increased cytoplasmic translation, activation of oncogenic pathways, and infiltration of M2 macrophages. The GFPT1-High group also showed a higher mutational burden, with frequent TP53 mutations. Chemosensitivity analysis revealed increased IC50 values for chemotherapy drugs in this group. GFPT1 silencing led to reduced cell proliferation and migration, along with enhanced apoptosis.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that GFPT1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and a predictive indicator of chemotherapy response in invasive breast carcinoma. GFPT1 influences mRNA translation, cell cycle regulation, and M2 macrophage infiltration, thereby promoting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
Exposure to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before kidney transplantation is associated with a decreased risk of delayed graft function
Authors: Liang Gan Zhen , Dorais Marc , Collette Suzon , Sénécal Lynne , Belkaid Majda , Turgeon Julie , Cardinal Héloïse
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Animal models suggest a protective role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) in reducing renal and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our aim was to determine the association between pre-transplant ACEi/ARBs use and the occurrence of delayed graft function (DGF) in patients who received a kidney transplantation from a deceased donor.

Methods

Consecutive recipients between 2008 and 2021 in 2 Canadian university-affiliated centers were included in this retrospective cohort study. The main outcome was the occurrence of DGF and the exposure was use of ACEi or ARBs at the time of admission for transplantation. Mixed models were fit.

Results

A total of 897 patients were included, of which 160 (18%) experienced DGF. At admission, 337 (38%) patients were exposed to ACEi/ARBs. In the multivariable analysis, pre-transplant ACEi/ARBs use was associated with a reduced risk of DGF (odds ratio: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.40, 0.92). Other factors associated with DGF were recipient obesity, donor type, ethnicity, age, hypertension, and total ischemia time.

Discussion

Pre-transplant use of ACEi/ARBs is associated with a lower risk of DGF in early postoperative period, which may be due to a protective effect of these agents on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ping , Yang Chengchen , Ren Ke , Xu Mingzhi , Pan Chenwei , Ye Xuewei , Li Lanjuan
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma, a common malignancy of the digestive system, typically progresses through a sequence of hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately, tumor. The interaction between gut microbiota, the portal venous system and the biliary tract, referred to as the gut-liver axis, is crucial in understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanisms implicated include gut dysbiosis, alterations in microbial metabolites and increased intestinal barrier permeability. Imbalances in gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma by producing carcinogenic substances, disrupting the balance of the immune system, altering metabolic processes, and increasing intestinal barrier permeability. Concurrently, accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota has the ability to modulate antitumor immune responses and affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. As a new and effective strategy, immunotherapy offers significant potential for managing advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma, with immune checkpoint inhibitors achieving significant advancements in improving patients’ survival. Probiotics play a vital role in promoting health and preventing diseases by modulating metabolic processes, inflammation and immune responses. Research indicates that they are instrumental in boosting antitumor immune responses through the modulation of gut microbiota. This review is to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and the emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma, assess the contributions of probiotics to immunotherapy and outline the latest research findings, providing a safer and more cost-effective potential strategy for the prevention and management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Immunosuppressants in dermatology on vaccine immunogenicity: a prospective cohort study of pemphigus patients in the pandemic
Authors: Lu Kun-Lin , Lee Hua-En , Chen Chun-Bing , Hui Rosaline Chung-Yee , Chang Ya-Ching , Lu Chun-Wei , Wang Chuang-Wei , Chung Wen-Hung
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Both cellular and humoral responses are important for vaccine protection, but recommendations on immunosuppressants in dermatology are largely based on pre-pandemic experiences. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of immunosuppressants on humoral and cellular immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccinations in pemphigus patients.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2-naïve pemphigus patients and age-, and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from multiple tertiary medical centers during 2021-2023. Anti-spike protein-related T-cell responses, antibody titers, and high-parameter cell analysis of the peripheral blood were utilized to investigate the inhibitory effects of immunosuppressants, including rituximab and azathioprine.

Results

A total of 32 patients and 120 healthy controls were enrolled. COVID-19 vaccinations spaced at least six months after the last rituximab infusion did not cause a significant difference in anti-viral T-cell or antibody responses between rituximab-naïve and rituximab-treated patients. All pemphigus patients demonstrated improved antibody responses after the third vaccination and none of them suffered from severe COVID-19 illness. Intriguingly, we found that daily dosages of 100 mg or more of azathioprine were linked to significantly decreased anti-viral T-cell responses induced by the vaccination (mean of fold change [SD]; higher azathioprine dosage = 0.70 [0.61] folds vs. lower azathioprine dosage = 2.11 [1.03] folds; p = 0.044).

Conclusion

Except for a subset of patients with unrecovered B-cell deficiency, rituximab infusion with proper scheduling of vaccination preserved better anti-viral T-cell responses and did not lead to hindered antibody responses in pemphigus patients. All pemphigus patients benefited from receiving the third booster regardless of B-cell status.
The role of ACER2 in intestinal sphingolipid metabolism and gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Liu Binggang , Zhou Junfeng , Jiang Biao , Tang Bing , Liu Ting , Lei Pengcheng
Published: November 2024

Sphingolipids, particularly sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are bioactive lipids involved in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumor progression. Alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) plays a critical role in sphingolipid metabolism by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ceramide to sphingosine, which is subsequently converted to S1P. Dysregulation of ACER2 has been implicated in various gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. ACER2-mediated sphingolipid signaling, particularly through the SphK/S1P pathway, influences cancer development by modulating immune responses, inflammation, and the balance between cell survival and death. This review examines the physiological functions of ACER2, and its role in sphingolipid metabolism, and its contribution to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. Understanding the mechanisms by which ACER2 regulates tumor progression and immune modulation may open new avenues for targeted therapies in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Fish abundance is enhanced within a network of artificial reefs in a large estuary
Authors: Grimes Charlotte E. , Morley James W. , Richie Diandre′ N. , McMains Andrew R.
Published: November 2024

Artificial reefs may be created within estuaries for multiple reasons, including habitat enhancement, oyster production, or recreational fishing. While traditional sampling in this environment is difficult due to complex structures and the high turbidity of estuaries, acoustic imaging sonar provides an effective alternative to measure abundance and size spectra of the fish community. We sampled eight artificial reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, that are designated as oyster sanctuaries. At each oyster sanctuary, we sampled 26 boat positions along two transects using ARIS imaging sonar, which included control areas outside of the sanctuaries over featureless bottom. We found that fish abundance and mean length were greater within the oyster sanctuary boundaries, but did not observe any significant differences among artificial substrate types within the sanctuaries. Further, we found that fish abundance dropped to near background levels within 25 m outside of the oyster sanctuary edge. Size spectra analysis revealed that abundance was higher in the sanctuaries versus control areas for every length bin of the fish community (5 to 50 cm). However, the differences in abundance were greatest for 10 to 30 cm fishes. Our results can be coupled with previous research on species composition data to more fully understand the potential role that the Pamlico Sound oyster sanctuaries, and estuarine artificial reefs in general, serve as habitat and recreational fishing enhancement.
Non-uniform cumulative responses of beach sedimentary geomorphology to consecutive storms around a meso-macro tidal island
Authors: Zhang Daheng , Guo Junli , Shi Lianqiang , Chen Wei , Kuang Cuiping , Xia Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

The response of beach sedimentary geomorphology to consecutive storms is a complex process, especially for beaches surrounding an island. Variations in coastal sedimentary landforms, dynamic environments and levels of development and utilization lead to non-uniformity in storm response, which may become more pronounced when influenced by continuous storms. This study focuses on the beaches around Weizhou Island to investigate this non-uniformity. Based on the topographic, surface sediment and hydrodynamic data collected on site before and after the consecutive typhoons (Typhoons Lionrock and Kompasu), the study examines the characteristics of beach geomorphology and surface sediment. The results show significant differences in the geomorphological responses between the four zones along the island. On the plane, the deposition degree of Zone I beach gradually weakened from west to east, and most areas of Zone III beach appeared in an alternating state of erosion and deposition. The beaches of Zone II and Zone IV showed the characteristics of dramatic changes in the northern and central beaches and relatively stable in the southern beaches. On the profile, the beach deformation area mainly occurs in the middle and upper parts of foreshore and berm. The response intensity of beaches in zone I is the weakest, the response intensity of beaches in zone III is the most intense, and the response intensity of beaches in zone II and zone IV is relatively close. However, the performance of beach sediments in different regions before and after continuous typhoons is less different. Except that the beach sediments in Zone I were mainly refined, the beach sediments in other zones of Weizhou Island were relatively coarse, and the sediments in the middle and upper parts of the foreshore were the coarsest, with the sorting being the worst. The different combinations of incident waves and storm surges during the typhoons are the primary factors that lead to various geomorphological responses in different zones. The antecedent beach status, distributions of rock and coral reefs, and anthropogenic activities further exacerbate these differences. This work can provide reference for island beach protection and management.
Nitrous oxide dynamics in the Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Muller Sofia , Fripiat François , Jaccard Samuel L. , Ponsoni Leandro , Hölemann Jens A. , Martínez-García Alfredo , Delille Bruno
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have reported an accumulation of nitrous oxide (N2O) on shallow continental shelves of the western Arctic Ocean. In this study, we sampled seawater profiles for N2O measurements in the eastern Arctic shelves, in the North Kara Sea, in the context of the Arctic Century Expedition. Despite some variability in the vertical distribution, we typically observe an accumulation of N2O in shelf bottom waters, which correlates with a fixed nitrogen (N) deficit. Longer residence times on the shelf promote greater N2O enrichment and a larger fixed N deficit. These observations point towards N2O production at depth, linked to benthic denitrification processes that are intensified on productive shelve areas. However, in surface waters, physical processes – i.e. temperature-dependent solubility and air-sea exchange – emerge as the main factor controlling N2O concentrations. We observe low saturations of 80% at the surface of open ocean stations influenced by water that has previously flowed beneath sea ice. Arctic surface water becomes undersaturated due to cooling and remains undersaturated due to limited air-sea exchange. River supply does not exert a discernable influence on N2O concentrations of the studied area. This study reveals the potential of the Arctic Siberian shelves as a sink of atmospheric N2O during the summer.
High-resolution observations of longitudinal fronts in a well-mixed tidal channel
Authors: Wang Daoling , Lu Shasha , Xie Zhongyu , Xia Xiaoming , Liu Yifei
Published: November 2024

Longitudinal front is important for coastal dynamics, with crucial implications for sediment and pollutant transport. Three conventional theories have been proposed to explain the generation mechanisms of the longitudinal fronts. However, they are not completely supported by preliminary observation results within the Tiaozhoumen channel. Therefore, a field survey covering the whole flood-ebb tide, including high-resolution observations of velocity and density, was conducted to analyse the intra-tidal change of the fronts. The results showed that the fronts were mainly determined by the velocity shear, while the density gradient and Coriolis effect were small and negligible. Velocity structures presented significant differences between flood and ebb tides. Low velocity close to zero was present near the frontal zone at the flood tide. However, a velocity difference between shallow and deep bathymetry existed at the ebb tide. The flood fronts appeared longer and stronger than the ebb tide fronts. The fronts at ebb tide might be related to the velocity shear, due to differential bottom friction at varied depths from shallow to deep, consistent with the traditional theory of longitudinal front formation. The front system at flood tide is distinguished from the conventional fronts mentioned. The large Reynolds number and high turbulent dissipation rates in the frontal zone suggest that the fronts may be related to the boundary layer separation from the island. These findings provide evidence of the relationship between flood fronts and boundary layer separation; nonetheless, further studies must be conducted for a complete theory.
Global research hotspots and trends of iodinated contrast agents in medical imaging: a bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Liu Yun , Dong Yonghai , Xie Fei
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study employs bibliometric methods to explore the global research dynamics of iodine contrast agents in medical imaging. Through the visualization of knowledge maps, it presents research progress and reveals the research directions, hotspots, trends, and frontiers in this field.

Methods

Using Web of Science Core Collection database, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to conduct a visual analysis of the global application of iodine contrast agents in medical imaging over the past four decades. The analysis focused on annual publication volume, collaboration networks, citation characteristics, and keywords.

Results

A total of 3,775 studies on the application of iodine contrast agents in medical imaging were included. The earliest paper was published in 1977, with a slight increase in publications from 1991 to 2004, followed by a significant rise after 2005. The United States emerged as the leading country in publication volume. Harvard University was identified as a globally influential institution with 126 publications. Although a large author collaboration cluster and several smaller ones were formed, most collaborations between authors were relatively weak, with no high-density integrated academic network yet established. Pietsch Hubertus was the most prolific author, while Bae KT was the most highly co-cited author. The most highly cited journal was Radiology, with 2,384 citations. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the top three keywords by frequency were “agent,” “CT,” and “image quality.” Keyword clustering analysis showed that the top three clusters were “gadolinium,” “gold nanoparticles,” and “image quality.” The timeline analysis indicated that clusters such as “gadolinium,” “gold nanoparticles,” “image quality,” and “material decomposition” exhibited strong temporal continuity, while the keyword with the highest burst value was “digital subtraction angiography” (19.38). Burst term trend analysis suggested that recent research has been focusing on areas like “deep learning,” “risk,” “radiation dosage,” and “iodine quantification.”

Conclusion

This study is the first to systematically reveal the global trends, hotspots, frontiers, and development dynamics of iodine contrast agents in medical imaging through the use of CiteSpace and VOSviewer. It provides a novel perspective for understanding the role of iodine contrast agents in imaging and offers valuable insights for advancing global research in medical imaging.
Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi
Authors: Pan Hong , Wei Dan , Yang Libin , Fu Xiaoyu , Zhu Daoguang , Lu Xinming , Liu Siyuan , Liu Yongzhi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of Larix gmelinii in the cold temperate zone.

Methods

Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

Results and discussion

Our findings revealed the presence of 11 known fungal phyla and 29 dominant genera in the larch litter of Greater Khingan. Among these, Basidiomycota and Leucosporidium were dominant in the epiphytic environment, while Ascomycota and Exutisphaerella dominated the endophytic environment. In the early periods of decomposition, phyllospheric fungi became the primary colonizers during litter decomposition by adjusting their life strategies to transition to saprophytic or pathogenic metabolic processes. During decomposition, significant differences in alpha diversity were observed between endophytes and epiphytes. Correlation analysis between these fungi and biological factors revealed a strong relationship between cellulose loss in leaves and the return of N, P, and K. This indicated that the combined biological effects of nutrients, aminosugars, and plant fibers strongly explained changes in community structure. Our results also revealed a significant clustering effect between fungi and biological factors, reflecting the important role of phyllospheric functional fungal communities in carbon fluctuations, cellulose decomposition, and the enrichment of P and K in leaf litter. In summary, this study offers insights into ecosystem processes and nutrient cycling within cold temperate forests, with potential applications for understanding global carbon dynamics.
Research on the innate immune response in transgenic mice following ischemic stroke
Authors: Yuan Chao , Shentu Yuting , Ji Qiuhong
Published: November 2024

The high incidence, death, disability, and recurrence of ischemic stroke (CIS) place a significant cost on families and society. According to recent research on the condition, immune-related damage is a major contributor to the development and occurrence of CIS. Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are the two primary categories of the immune system in the body. The body’s first line of defense is innate immunity, and immune cells play a role in every stage of the immune system. At the same time, protein molecules play a vital function in regulating and differentiating immune cells. It can be said that protein molecules are the foundation of immune regulation. Model mice are necessary for us to examine fixed compounds in our studies. Conditional deletion and overexpression mouse models are the two primary categories of model mice. Numerous model mice have been documented in CIS research. The study of innate immune responses following ischemic stroke will benefit more from the use of these transgenic mice that target innate immunity. This paper analyzes the literature on transgenic mice related to innate immune responses following ischemic stroke because of the significance of these responses. It is anticipated to produce novel medications, improve clinical treatment guidance, and undergo a metamorphosis and application in the clinic in the future.
Global research trends and hotspots in Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a 25-year bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Wu Jianhong , Jin Xin , Xie Weiming , Liu Liang , Wang Fei , Zhu Ling , Shen Yuan , Qiu Linghe
Published: November 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) is one of the most severe and disabling non-motor symptoms in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), significantly impacting the prognosis of PD patients. In recent years, there has been an increase in literature on PDP. However, bibliometrics has rarely been applied to PDP research. This study provides an overview of the current state of PDP research and predicts future trends in this field.

Methods

The literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection, with the search terms (Parkinson* AND (psychotic* OR hallucination* OR illusion* OR delusion* OR misperception* OR psychosis OR psychoses)). VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were employed to perform bibliometric analysis and visual representation of the search results.

Results

A total of 603 articles were effectively included. Since 2017, there has been a significant upward trend in publications related to PDP. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada were the top three contributing countries in terms of publication volume, with France also having a strong influence in this field. Movement Disorders and King’s College London included and published the most articles on PDP. The paper titled “Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease: Prevalence, Phenomenology, and Risk Factors” received the highest number of citations and average citations. Cluster analysis results identified brain, prevalence, connectivity, and atypical antipsychotics as key hotspots in this field. High-frequency keywords were grouped into three themes: neurobiology, therapeutic strategies, and symptom research. Among them, pimavanserin, risk, and functional connectivity have been the most studied areas in the past 7 years and are likely to remain key topics in future research.

Conclusion

Research on PDP has garnered increasing attention. This study visualizes PDP research over the past 25 years to analyze global hotspots and trends. It offers researchers a valuable perspective for identifying key topics and understanding research trajectories in this expanding field.
The impact of age and intensity of treatment on the outcome of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Corriero Alberto , Fornaciari Anna , Terrazzino Samuel , Zangari Rossella , Izzi Antonio , Peluso Lorenzo , Savi Marzia , Faso Chiara , Cavallini Laura , Polato Martina , Vitali Eva , Schuind Sophie , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Bogossian Elisa Gouvêa
Published: November 2024

Background

Approximately one-third of trauma-related deaths are due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly among young adults and elderly patients. Management strategies may vary across different age groups, potentially influencing short-term neurological outcomes. This study aims to investigate age-related disparities in treatment approaches and 3-month neurological outcomes among TBI patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on TBI patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2024, in a tertiary University hospital. Patient demographics, major comorbidities, ICU admission parameters, interventions and ICU complications were collected. An unfavorable neurological outcome at 3 months (UO) was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 1–3. A high therapy intensity level (TIL) was defined as a TIL basic of 3–4. A multivariable logistic regression model and a Cox proportional Hazard Regression model were used to assess the association of age and TIL with neurological outcome and mortality. A sensitivity analysis on low TIL (0–2) and high TIL subgroups was also conducted.

Results

We enrolled 604 TBI patients, of which 240 (40%) had UO. The highest prevalence of UO was found in patients aged ≥80 years (53/94, 56%), followed by patients aged 50–79 years (104/255, 41%). The age group 35–49 years had the lowest rate of UO (38/127, 30%). Older patients (age ≥ 80 years) received less frequently high TIL than others (p = 0.03). In the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 80 years [OR: 3.42 (95% CI 1.72–6.81)] was independently associated with UO, while age ≥ 80 years [HR 5.42 (95% CI 3.00–9.79)] and age 50–79 years [HR 2.03, (95% CI 1.19–3.48)] were independently associated with mortality. Although there was no interaction between age groups and TIL on outcome, an exploratory analysis showed that in the high TIL subgroup of patients, age had no independent impact on the outcome, whereas, in the low TIL group, age ≥ 80 years was independently associated with UO [OR: 3.65 (95% CI: 1.64–8.14)].

Conclusion

Older age, especially in the setting of low intensity treatment, may impact short-term neurological outcome of traumatic brain-injured patients.
The effect of combined ultrasound stimulation and gastrodin on seizures in mice
Authors: Chen Houminji , Miao Yuqing , Duan Haowen , Yi Shasha , Lin Zhengrong , Guo Yanwu , Zou Junjie , Niu Lili
Published: November 2024

Both physiotherapy and medicine play essential roles in the treatment of epilepsy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the combined therapy with focus ultrasound stimulation (FUS) and gastrodin (GTD) on seizures in a mouse model. Kainic acid-induced seizure mice were divided into five groups randomly: sham, FUS, saline + sham, GTD + sham and GTD + FUS. The results showed that combined therapy with ultrasound stimulation and gastrodin can significantly reduce the number and duration of seizures in GTD + FUS group. 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging and histologic staining results revealed the underlying mechanism of the combined therapy may be that ultrasound stimulation increases cell membrane permeability to increase GTD concentration in brain. In addition, we verified the safety of FUS combined with GTD therapy. This research provides a new strategy for neurological disorders combining treatment of physical neuromodulation and medicine.
The good, the bad, and the unknown nature of decreased GD3 synthase expression
Authors: Puljko Borna , Grbavac Josip , Potočki Vinka , Ilic Katarina , Viljetić Barbara , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Heffer Marija , Debeljak Željko , Blažetić Senka , Mlinac-Jerkovic Kristina
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the physiological consequences of decreased expression of GD3 synthase (GD3S), a biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of b-series gangliosides. GD3S is a key factor in tumorigenesis, with overexpression enhancing tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis in various cancers. Hence, inhibiting GD3S activity has potential therapeutic effects due to its role in malignancy-associated pathways across different cancer types. GD3S has also been investigated as a promising therapeutic target in treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Drugs targeting GD3 and GD3S have been extensively explored and underwent clinical trials, however decreased GD3S expression in mouse models, human subjects, and in vitro studies has demonstrated serious adverse effects. We highlight these negative consequences and show original mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data indicating that inactivated GD3S can generally negatively affect energy metabolism, regulatory pathways, and mitigation of oxidative stress. The disturbance in several physiological systems induced by GD3S inhibition underscores the vital role of this enzyme in maintaining cellular homeostasis and should be taken into account when GD3S is considered as a therapeutic target.
The impact of Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index on the relationship between eczema and depression symptoms in US adults
Authors: Zhang Tian , Zhang Ruohua , Song Ting , Chen Fang , Wei Yuegang
Published: November 2024

Aims

The study aims to explore the associations of eczema, Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), with depression symptoms in adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database.

Methods

In total, 3,402 participant data were extracted from the NHANES 2005–2006. The relationship between eczema, CDAI, and depression symptoms was explored by utilizing weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, presenting as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The additive interaction between eczema, CDAI, and depression symptoms was measured by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion of interaction (AP). Subsequently, the associations of eczema, CDAI, with depression were also explored in different gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking subgroups.

Results

Of the 3,402 participants included, the mean age was 46.76 (0.83) years old, and 174 (5.11%) participants had depression symptoms. In the adjusted model, both eczema (OR = 3.60, 95%CI: 2.39–5.40) and CDAI (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.19–3.27) were associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms. Compared to the participants with high CDAI and no eczema, those participants with low CDAI (eczema: OR = 7.30, 95%CI: 4.73–11.26; non-eczema: OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.06–3.19) have higher odds of depression symptoms, no matter have eczema or not. When under low CDAI levels, eczema was associated with increased odds of depression symptoms (OR = 3.76, 95%CI: 2.34–6.03). When under low CDAI level, eczema was also related to elevated odds of depression symptoms in those males, females, BMI <25, BMI ≥25, non-smoking, and smoking.

Conclusion

CDAI could modulate the association of eczema with depression symptoms in adults.