bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Genetic Variability in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Univariate and Multivariate Statistical Approaches
Authors: PRADHAN BIKASH , UPADHYAY PRIYANKA , KRISHNA SHAILESH KUMAR SINGH PRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV AND BAL
Published: January 2025

The univariate and multivariate statistical approaches were used to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic variability in ten wheat accessions. Eleven traits assessed during investigation were days to 50% flowering (DTF), area of flag leaf, plant height (PH), spike length, number of spikelets/spike (NSPS), number of grains/spike, days to maturity, 1000-grains weight (TSW), economic yield/plant (EY), biological yield/plant (BY), and harvest index (HI). The univariate analyses revealed significant variation among the evaluated genotypes for all the estimated traits. A positive correlation and significant associations of yield with DTF, BY, NSPS, and HI were observed, highlighting these traits as crucial for selection. High genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) were observed for EY, HI, and TSW, whereas other traits showed moderate-to-low GCV. The phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded the GCV for each trait under study, indicating substantial environmental influences. Traits reflecting high heritability (h2) and genetic advances, namely PH, TSW, BY, EY, and HI, suggested substantial additive gene effects, making early-generation selection effective. Studies on multivariate analyses association through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses categorized wheat accessions into distinct groups, revealing trait associations and genetic diversity. PCA-biplot analysis identified genotypes 1 (HTWYT/2020-21/48), 5 (ESWYT/2020-21/107), 10 (HTWYT/2020-21/39), and 4 (CWYT/2020-21/612) as the most diverse. These statistical approaches provide a comprehensive understanding of wheat genetic and phenotypic variability, offering valuable insights for yield improvement in breeding programs. The study emphasizes integrating multiple statistical techniques to enhance genotype selection precision and wheat breeding efficiency.. KEYWORDS :Cluster analysis, Correlation coefficient, Genotypes, Multivariate analyses, Univariate analyses, Wheat
Biofortification of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by Foliar Application of Agrochemicals and Growth Regulators for Improved Nutrient Assimilation, Oil Quality, and Crop Yield
Authors: KUMAR MONIKA SHARMA AND PRASANN
Published: January 2025

Biofortification of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by foliar application of growth regulators and agrochemicals is a potential method to improve crop yield and oil quality. The effects of boron, sulfur, and cytokinin on physiological and biochemical processes, including photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation, and assimilate partitioning, were determined. Physicochemical properties, such as density, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), and totox value of mustard oils were studied to evaluate the compositional quality of oils and also to investigate the effect of agrochemicals on quality attributes of the oil. These applications significantly improved the oil quality of mustard by enhancing oil content and modifying fatty acid composition. Boron increased oil content by 15-20%, while sulfur and cytokinin contributed 10-15 and 5-10%, respectively, compared to controls. These treatments also improved the fatty acid profile, with boron and sulfur boosting oleic acid levels by 8-12% and reducing erucic acid content by 10-15%, resulting in a healthier oil composition. Increased saponification, peroxide, and p-AVs along with refractive index and oil density by 66.66, 33.33, 19.35, 0.14, and 0.11%, respectively, suggested the improved oil quality. Combining B, S, and cytokinin at various doses (P < 0.05) improved the quality parameters of mustard oil. Such improved elements provide significant advantages for industrial and consumable uses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in this study revealed biochemical shifts, such as increased lipid and protein synthesis, directly influencing oil quality and yield. These findings underscore the potential of strategic foliar interventions to optimize mustard cultivation while ensuring efficient resource use.. KEYWORDS :Agrochemicals, Biochemicals, Mustard, Micronutrient, Oil analysis, Phytohormone, Zero hunger
Tamizaje de Cáncer de Mama en Jalisco: estrategias para una detección precoz
Authors: García Romero Adriana Dolores , González González Juan Efrén , Marmolejo Bedolla Linda Itzel , Rentería Jiménez Mariana , Zamanillo Tanús Juan Pablo , Farfán Lara Liliana Paola , Ascencio López Ángel Ricardo , González Gutiérrez María del Rocío , Gómez López Fernanda
Published: January 2025

El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente en mujeres a nivel mundial. Aunque se encuentran disponibles métodos de tamizaje efectivo, en el 2022 se diagnosticaron 2.3 millones de casos y se reportaron 670,000 muertes a nivel mundial. La NOM-041-SSA2-2011 reconoce tres tipos de intervenciones específicas para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama: la autoexploración, el examen clínico y la mastografía, del cual el método de tamizaje más usado en el mundo es la mastografía. En este artículo se detalla la importancia del tamizaje para la prevención de cáncer de mama en una población cautiva en una empresa jalisciense. Lo anterior por medio de talleres de autoexploración, consultas médicas individuales y la interpretación de mastografías y ultrasonidos. De lo anterior se puede inferir que son necesarias campañas continuas que exhorten a las mujeres a tener un seguimiento adecuado con autoexploración, examen clínico, ultrasonido y/o mamografía.
استغلال الموارد البحرية بمدينة لبدة الكبرى خلال الفترة الرومانية في ضوء النقوش والوثائق الأثرية
Authors: كمبه مصباح فرج علي
Published: January 2025

هدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة الموارد البحرية بمدينة لبدة الكبرى (Leptis Magna) وكيفية استغلالها ، وأنواع الأسماك التي كان يتناولها السكان ويفضلونها في حياتهم اليومية ، والأصداف والقواقع البحرية والأنشطة الصناعية التي تقوم عليها كحفظ الأسماك وتمليحه ، وإعداد صلصة السمك ، وتجهيز معدات الصيد كالقوارب والسفن والشباك ، وذلك من خلال الوثائق(Documents) الأثرية كالنقوش(Inscriptions) واللوحات الفسيفساء(Mosaic) ومشاهد الرسم على الجدران(Fresco) التي توضح هذه الأنشطة التي كان يمارسها السكان في زمن الرومان ، بوصفها وتحليلها ومقارنتها بمشاهد ونماذج مماثلة لها ، مما يبرز أهمية البحث  في معرفة النشاط البحري الذي سعى من خلاله سكان مدينة لبدة الكبرى للاستفادة من الثروة البحرية في الفترة الرومانية من خلال تلك الوثائق والمخطوطات الأثرية، وكان من أهم نتائجه أنه تمتلك مدينة لبدة الكبرى الوثائق الأثرية التي توضح عمليات الصيد البحري وممارسة سكانها لهذه الحرفة واستخدامهم الوسائل المختلفة لصيد الأسماك ، كما أنه سكن الصيادون بمدينة لبدة الكبرى خلال مواسم صيد الأسماك في قرى صغيرة بجانب شاطئ البحر، وأنشئت بمدينة لبدة الكبرى الورش الخاصة بالصناعات السمكية ، وكان يتم بيع المنتجات السمكية بمدينة لبدة الكبرى إلى قرى المنطقة شبه الصحراوية بإقليم طرابلس وصحراء فزان ، وأيضا مارس الصيادون بمدينة لبدة الكبرى صيد وجمع الأصداف والقواقع البحرية ومحار الموريكس بأنواعه المختلفة ، وأنشئ الصيادون بمدينة لبدة الكبرى الورش الخاصة بصناعة الصبغة الأرجوانية ، كما أستغل السكان في مدينة لبدة الكبرى الأصداف والقواقع البحرية في إعداد الخرسانة وملاط الموريكس منذ فترة مبكرة واستخدامها في بناء العديد من المنشآت المعمارية بالمدينة .
Transient Heat Transfer to Produce Acrylic Solar Panels in Libya
Authors: Elalem Shada , Zrooga Abdulbasit , Tumi Laila
Published: January 2025

Solar energy is a powerful sustainable energy that has a potential to meet world’s energy needs with decreasing both the reliance on the fossil fuels and carbon dioxide footprint.  Acrylic which is a thermoplastic material is used as raw materials to produce soler panels to generate electricity for housing, offices, road lighting and bigger scale plants. Experimental creep curve is used to correlate stress- strain- time behavior. Design stress of acrylic is simulated using Maxwell- Kelvin – Voigt model to calculate the four constants of the model needed in the calculation of the fluid and melt flow of Acrylic in the extruder. Transient melt flow in the extruder and die have been modeled using partial differential equation. Mathematical solution of the partial differential equation leads to evaluation of the thickness of acrylic solar panel. Different sizes are made in with different thickness is ranging from 1.65 meter in length and one meter wide. The design stress is calculated as 28 MN/m2. It is possible to produce larger solar panels using larger sizes of extruders and dies. Biot numbers and Fourier numbers are calculated to recognize the effect of conduction and convection heat transfer to calculate the eject time needed in the die. Seven seconds to thirty-nine seconds are the ejection time obtained from solution of the partial differential equation; Biot number are evaluated to account for the convection to calculate time of 45 seconds to 245 seconds accounting for time needed for the acrylic solar panel to be cooled.
Numerically Analyzing High Production Rates
Authors: ALhaleeb Mustafa Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method is a promising technique for producing nanomaterials. One of the main challenges in using this method is controlling particle size when scaling up production. ANSYS Fluent was utilized to simulate the FSP process sequentially with MATLAB for particle growth and formation calculations. The model was validated against published experimental data for nano-zirconium production, demonstrating accurate particle size predictions. This validated model was employed to understand how to maintain particle size while increasing zirconium production. The production increase was achieved at a constant gas to liquid flow ratio (GLFR). Simulation results indicated that with a GLFR value of 615, production can be boosted from 4 Kg/h to 10 Kg/h of nano-zirconium while keeping the primary particle diameter at approximately 25 nanometers.
Teaching Mathematics by using Electronic Games and its Effectiveness on Improving the Skills of Third-Grade Primary Students in Classifying Geometric Shapes
Authors: Alnaim Siham , Alasaf Rabab
Published: January 2025

The research aims to use electronic games in teaching the 'Geometric Shapes' unit to enhance the geometric shapes classification skills of third-grade students at Abdullah bin Umar School in Unaizah. The study also aims to identify the appropriate method for employing electronic games in mathematics teaching. The researcher followed a procedural approach, with 27 students taught using electronic games and another 27 students taught using usual methods. To achieve the goal, the researcher selected educational electronic games through the Wordwall program to develop students' skills in geometric shapes classification. The researcher prepared and administered a test to measure students' skills in geometric shapes classification after the intervention for all students. Additionally, observation cards and interviews were used to collect information and data about students' experiences with electronic games for reflective purposes. The research results showed that students in the experimental group who learned using electronic games achieved significantly better results in the geometric shapes classification test compared to the control group. The results also indicated that students in the experimental group demonstrated higher motivation and interest in learning compared to students in the control group. The study concludes by proposing practical recommendations for using electronic games in mathematics teaching for third-grade students. Based on these findings, the research provides relevant conclusions and reflective observations related to the utilization of electronic games in mathematics education.
Information Search Behavior: Concepts and Terminology
Authors: Alamri Mohammed
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze concepts and terminology related to information seeking behaviors by reviewing the scientific literature and reviewing the different definitions of each term. The study relied on the conceptual analytical approach, where the basic terms were collected and analyzed. The study focused on identifying the most prominent terms used in the field, providing clear definitions for each, and representing them visually to facilitate their understanding and clarify their meanings. The study also analyzed the relationships between these concepts and their interactions within the scientific context, enabling the construction of a proposed model that integrally illustrates the links between the terms. This model promotes a comprehensive understanding of information-seeking behaviors and paves the way for a unified and effective use of these terms in future research. The study recommended further studies to analyze the information-seeking behavior of beneficiaries, focusing on their needs and motivations. It is also advisable to expand conceptual studies on the terminology of information-seeking behavior and to build models of interactions between different concepts and test them in applied contexts.
The Future of E-Health in the Saudi Ministry of Health: An Analytical View of Its Role in Achieving the Goals of the National Transformation
Authors: Alsaadi Mansour
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the role of e-health in the Saudi Ministry of Health and how it contributes to achieving the goals of the national transformation, with a focus on the quality of healthcare, alignment with Vision 2030, and enabling digital transformation. The quantitative methodology was adopted in this study, where data were collected from a sample of 160 participants. The results showed that e-health contributes significantly to improving the quality of healthcare, but the relationship between e-health and the goals of Vision 2030 and digital transformation needs to be strengthened. The results of the analysis of variance and other statistical tools also showed that there is a need to increase the integration between e-health and the goals of the national transformation by improving the digital infrastructure, training health personnel, and developing digital health policies. Accordingly, several recommendations were made, the most important of which are enhancing the integration between e-health and Vision 2030, improving the digital infrastructure, and stimulating innovation in health technology.
การพัฒนาคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน
Authors: สลับสี สุรีย์พร , วัฒนพงศ์ศิริ พงษ์พัต
Published: January 2025

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ปัจจุบันประชาคมโลกรวมถึงประเทศไทยได้เข้าสู่สังคมผู้สูงอายุซึ่งส่งกระทบต่อการพัฒนาประเทศ การวิจัยนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการศึกษาสภาพปัจจุบัน ปัญหา และความต้องการเกี่ยวกับการส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน เพื่อพัฒนาคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน และเพื่อประเมินความเหมาะสมของคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัยแบบผสมผสานดังนี้ ขั้นตอนที่ 1 ศึกษาเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้องและศึกษาสภาพปัจจุบัน ปัญหา และความต้องการการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้สูงอายุ โดยใช้แบบสอบถามแบบมีโครงสร้าง โดยใช้กลุ่มตัวอย่างผู้สูงอายุ 400 คน ซึ่งอาศัยอยู่ในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ ขั้นตอนที่ 2 การจัดทำโครงร่างของคู่มือ โดยกำหนดกรอบเนื้อหา ประกอบด้วย 5 ด้านตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง ขั้นตอนที่ 3 ประเมินความเหมาะสมของคู่มือ โดยนำร่างคู่มือเสนอตัวแทนอาสาสมัครสาธารณสุขประจำหมู่บ้าน (อสม.) จำนวน 6 คน และตัวแทนผู้สูงอายุ จำนวน 60 คน โดยใช้วิธีการคัดเลือกแบบเจาะจง และใช้เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการประเมินความเหมาะสมของคู่มือเป็นแบบสอบถาม และขั้นตอนที่ 4 การจัดทำคู่มือฉบับสมบูรณ์ โดยมีเนื้อหาประกอบด้วยข้อมูลสำคัญเกี่ยวกับการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง
ผลการวิจัย: คุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก (\overline{x}=3.99) และมีความต้องการการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐานของผู้สูงอายุในจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ พบว่า ผู้สูงอายุต้องการให้ผู้นำชุมชนส่งเสริมการทำบัญชีรายรับรายจ่าย หาอาชีพเสริมให้ และดูแลเรื่องสุขภาพให้ทั่วถึง ทั้งสุขภาพกายและสุขภาพจิต และส่งเสริมเรื่องการออมด้วย ส่วนคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน ที่ผู้วิจัยพัฒนาขึ้นนั้น ใช้ลักษณะเป็นแผ่นพับ ประกอบด้วย หน้าปก หลักการและเหตุผล วัตถุประสงค์ แนวคิด วิธีการปฏิบัติ และผลที่ได้รับ โดยมีเนื้อหาครอบคลุมองค์ประกอบ 5 ประการ ได้แก่ 3 ห่วง 2 เงื่อนไข ตามแนวเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง และมีการประเมินระดับความเหมาะสมของคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐาน โดยตัวแทนอาสาสมัครสาธารณสุขประจำหมู่บ้าน (อสม.) ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง (\overline{x}=3.44) และการประเมินความเหมาะสมของคู่มือ ฯ โดยตัวแทนผู้สูงอายุ ในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง (\overline{x}=3.50)
สรุปผล: ผลจากการวิจัยนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าในการพัฒนาคู่มือส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุตามหลักปรัชญาเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงโดยใช้ชุมชนเป็นฐานนั้น ต้องเริ่มจากการสำรวจสภาพปัญหาและความต้องการของผู้สูงอายุเพื่อให้คู่มือที่สอดคล้องกับบริบทชุมชนและความต้องการของผู้สูงอายุมากที่สุด โดยวิธีการปฏิบัติตามคู่มือจะตอบสนองให้ผู้สูงอายุสามารถดำรงชีวิตตามแนวเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงได้ ทั้งนี้เมื่อมีการประเมินระดับความเหมาะสมของคู่มือที่พัฒนาขึ้นมาโดยผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องพบว่าคู่มือมีความเหมาะสมในภาพรวมในระดับปานกลาง ซึ่งมีความเหมาะสมที่จะนำไปใช้ในระยะต่อไป
The Impact of Social Capital on Overcoming Systemic Barriers and Lack of Benefit of the Doubt for Black Women in Leadership: Insights from Kamala Harris’s Presidential Campaign
Authors: R. Bishop Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Black women in America continue to face formidable barriers in the pursuit of leadership roles, encountering both racial and gender-based systemic obstacles that deny them the benefit of the doubt, limit their access to influential networks and limit opportunities for career advancement to top executive leadership positions. Unlike their white counterparts, Black women seldom experience the privilege of being seen as “neutral” or “qualified” without added scrutiny, making their journey to leadership fraught with challenges. Resilience, the capacity to adapt and persist in adversity, is crucial in navigating these challenges. Kamala Harris’s 2024 presidential campaign exemplifies these barriers. Despite her qualifications, Harris lost to a white male opponent with a criminal record, highlighting systemic biases. Supported by the “Win With Black Women” initiative, Harris’s campaign relied on social capital and resilience to counteract entrenched prejudice. However, the limitations of social capital alone underscore the need for systemic change. This paper uses social capital theory and the newly proposed benefit of the doubt (BoD) theory to examine how Black women leverage networks and resilience to navigate barriers, highlighting the structural privileges that disadvantage them. A conceptual framework model that highlights the pathways through which social capital, BoD denial, and organizational evaluation practices intersect, impacting leadership opportunities for Black women, is included to visually demonstrate these dynamics and the interaction of key constructs in the leadership trajectory of Black women.
The Impact of Off-Balance Sheet Items on Business Leadership: Case of Bank’s Technical Efficiency
Authors: Saifi Faouzi , Khouiled Brahim
Published: January 2025

The study aims to determine the impact of off-balance sheet items on business leadership, focusing on the case of technical efficiency in 12 private banks operating in Algeria between 2011 and 2020. Technical efficiency (the dependent variable) was measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method by applying the variable return to scale model with input orientation (BCC-I) based on deposits and general exploitation expenditures as inputs and loans and net profit as outputs. As for the Off-Balance Sheet Items (the independent variable), they were expressed by the ratio of the total off-balance sheet financing to total assets, with the help of a set of control variables that reflect the bank’s performance level. To measure the impact, panel data models were used. The study concluded that the business leadership in the private banks under investigation does not optimize their resources and that the off-balance sheet items significantly negatively impact these banks’ technical efficiency. This is attributed to the unregulated expansion of activities and operations related to off-balance sheet items by the business leadership in some banks, which has had negative effects on performance due to high costs.
University Leadership: Transparency in Communication with External Stakeholders
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Churikanova Olena , Bliumska-Danko Kseniia
Published: January 2025

The research offers valuable insights into the importance of transparency in building trust, accountability, and a positive reputation for universities in Ukraine. The relevance of this topic is underscored by the growing global emphasis on the need for higher education institutions to communicate transparently with external audiences, including prospective students, parents, funding agencies, and the general public. Transparency in financial operations, governance, and academic offerings has become crucial for universities to attract talented individuals, secure financial support, and develop lasting partnerships. The study’s methodology – the K-means clustering technique ‒ effectively assesses university transparency. It clusters institutions based on shared transparency characteristics, allowing for the identification of distinct patterns and the classification of Ukrainian universities into specific groups. This approach provided a comprehensive understanding of universities’ performance in external communication. The Elbow Method was employed to establish the ideal number of clusters, dividing universities into four main clusters, each demonstrating varying degrees of transparency. The findings revealed that universities across different clusters exhibited unique transparency profiles. While some universities performed exceptionally well across multiple transparency criteria, others showed significant shortcomings, particularly in budget reporting and staff transparency. The results indicated that some universities emerged as transparency leaders, serving as models for others, while those in lower-performing clusters require targeted improvements in their communication strategies. The study highlights the practical impact of transparency on university governance and engagement with stakeholders. Universities that prioritize transparency build trust with external audiences and strengthen internal decision-making processes. The clustering method provided essential insights into which institutions lead in transparency and where improvements are necessary, reinforcing that transparency is key to ensuring competitiveness within the higher education landscape. This research broadens the understanding of transparency in higher education, offering practical recommendations for universities seeking to enhance their external communication practices. The study underscores the importance of aligning these efforts with international transparency standards to ensure long-term success and maintain credibility in the increasingly competitive global academic environment.
Enabling Innovative Governance: Ethical Leadership and Dynamic Capabilities in Government Digital Transformation
Authors: Bian Xiangyu , Wang Bin
Published: January 2025

As governments face unprecedented technological disruption, understanding the enablers of administrative innovation becomes crucial. This study examines how ethical leadership fosters innovative behavior within government institutions across China’s western region, focusing on the interplay between leadership styles and dynamic capabilities. Data were collected through a survey targeting government officials in this region, employing a convenience sampling method. Over two months, two rounds of data collection were conducted, yielding 430 valid responses. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The analysis reveals that ethical leadership not only directly promotes innovative behavior but also indirectly stimulates innovation by enhancing public service motivation ‒ a psychological mechanism that channels civil servants’ intrinsic drive toward creative problem-solving. Moreover, the study identifies knowledge management capability, a specific dynamic capability, as a critical moderating factor. Organizations with higher levels of knowledge management capability exhibit stronger positive effects of ethical leadership on innovation, suggesting that robust digital and intelligent infrastructures amplify the leadership’s impact. By exploring these complex dynamics, the findings provide actionable insights for advancing public sector innovation, emphasizing the importance of ethical leadership and organizational readiness in navigating digital transformation.
The Mechanism of Non-Financial Firms’ Performance and Corporate Governance Leadership
Authors: Alsayed Huda
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the non-financial listed companies in the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia. The model was built based on previous theories like agency and stewardship theories. To fulfill the objective of this study, a cross-sectional regression method was applied, and two measures of financial performance, Tobin Q and Return on Assets, were used to assess five corporate governance practices. The empirical test was conducted on 114 listed firms between 2010‒2020. The Stata program was used to analyze the hypotheses. The companies in the sample are from various industries, making outcomes more diverse. The results indicate that insider ownership and board size significantly influence return on assets. Conversely, CEO duality, firm size, and leverage are statistically significant factors that affect Tobin’s Q. These findings were validated through a check for heteroscedasticity. Additionally, the fluctuations in the results may be attributed to the distinction between effects and causes. Another primary reason is that family companies are among the most common firms in Islamic countries. This dramatically impacts the traits of board members and, by extension, the corporate governance system. The results also show that businesses Islamic nations are less willing to take risks than they are. In addition, the study provides recommendations on how to improve a company’s financial performance using appropriate corporate governance structures. Moreover, it can be useful for researchers and policymakers for improving the performance of companies through the implementation of an improved system of corporate governance practices.
A Review of Auditor Gender and Accountability Pressure’s Impact on Audit Risk Judgments
Authors: Solange Lopes Marie
Published: January 2025

As audit judgments significantly influence the quality of audits and financial information, it is important to consider the factors affecting them and how they interact. Unfortunately, such factors as gender and accountability pressure and their impact on audit judgments have been historically under-researched. Prior studies show that due to gender differences, female auditors relate to more conservative audit judgments and better audit quality. These gender differences revolve around behavior, socialization, decision-making, information processing, reporting relationships, and career attitudes. However, they are moderated by experience, knowledge, prior commitment, and audit effort related to audit risk. Accountability pressure has also been shown to impact audit judgments based on the type and level of pressure and could be moderated by gender. Yet, existing literature fails to connect gender and accountability pressure to study their combined impact on audit judgments. This literature review seeks to demonstrate that gender combined with accountability pressure results in more conservative audit judgments and, hence, better audit quality. This analysis concludes that since both gender and accountability pressure impact audit judgments, and gender is an individual characteristic with a moderating effect on accountability pressure, the combination of gender and accountability pressure thus positively affects audit judgments. This analysis has implications for practice on factors affecting auditor judgment and extends the academic literature by applying accountability pressure, gender as well as selectivity, and social intuitionist theories to auditor judgment.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Financial Socialization Practices of African American Women in the United States
Authors: Johnson Anita , Kasztelnik Karina
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the influence of socioeconomic status on the financial socialization practices of African American women in the United States. Financial socialization, defined as the process by which individuals acquire financial knowledge, skills, and behaviors, is impacted by various factors, including family dynamics, cultural values, and socioeconomic conditions. However, there is a lack of research specifically focusing on how socioeconomic status affects the financial socialization practices among African American women, who have historically encountered unique economic challenges and systemic inequalities. Employing a qualitative approach, this research integrates the analysis of national survey data with qualitative interviews conducted with African American women from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The study explores how socioeconomic status impacts the ways these women educate their children about money management, savings, credit use, and overall financial responsibility. The findings highlight significant variations in financial socialization practices based on socioeconomic status, indicating that women from higher socioeconomic backgrounds tend to utilize more structured and proactive financial education strategies, while those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often encounter barriers such as limited access to financial resources and education. Furthermore, the study reveals how African American women across all socioeconomic status levels employ culturally specific strategies to overcome systemic barriers and cultivate financial resilience in their families. The results underscore the importance of considering socioeconomic status in developing tailored financial literacy programs and policies that address the distinct needs and challenges faced by African American women. By offering a nuanced understanding of how socioeconomic status influences financial socialization, this research contributes to broader discussions on economic empowerment and financial inclusion within African American communities in the United States.
The Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Financial Markets: A Case Study
Authors: Belbali Abdessalam , Ouldbahammou Samir , Belbali Abderrahim , Amine Gasmi Mohammed , Yousfat Ali , Bellaama Asma
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the financial market. It provides an empirical analysis of how changes in the Saudi Riyal exchange rate against the US dollar affect the trading index in the Saudi financial market from 2022 to 2024. The study used a set of standard tests, including the Phillips-Perron test to assess the stationarity of time series, and the cointegration test employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, alongside the Granger causality test. The results indicated the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the exchange rate and the trading index. In the short run, there is a negative (inverse) relationship between the exchange rate and the trading index, such that a one-unit increase in the exchange rate leads to a decrease of 316.677 points in the Saudi financial market index. The short-term model results reveal that the coefficient of the error correction term indicates the speed at which the trading index in the Saudi financial market returns to its long-term equilibrium value. In each period, the error from the previous period (t-1) is corrected by about 28%, which is considered a weak adjustment factor. However, no causal relationship between the exchange rate and the trading index in the Saudi financial market was identified.
Determinants of Financial Sustainability in Microfinance Institutions: A Panel Data Study
Authors: Mani Adhikari Gyan , Sapkota Amrita , Parajuli Devendra , Bhattarai Ganesh
Published: January 2025

Microfinance institutions have been used as a catalyst tool for increasing the welfare of poor people and fostering economic growth in many regions globally, including Nepal, since the decade of the 70s. However, the issue of financial sustainability in their operations is still emerging. The study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Nepal. The research employed the two-step system General Method of Moments estimator to analyze the financial sustainability of twenty-five sampled microfinance institutions, out of fifty-seven D-class financial institutions categorized as microfinance institutions and regulated by Nepal Rastra Bank, using cross-sectional data obtained from their comprehensive financial statements spanning from 2016 to 2023. The study used three key indicators – operational self-sufficiency, return on equity, and return on assets – to assess the financial sustainability of the selected microfinance institutions in Nepal. The findings of this study suggested that savings and the number of borrowers significantly and positively affect the financial stability of microfinance. In contrast, member-per-staff and non-performing loans negatively and significantly affect financial sustainability. However, loan portfolios do not significantly affect the financial sustainability of microfinance in Nepal. Further researchers can broaden the scope of the study by including variables such as geographic location, developmental stages, ownership structures, age, product delivery strategies of microfinance institutions, microfinance institution size, and government policy and regulations.
Experience of Managers in the Supply Chain for Medication and Other Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Lompempe Batuli Georges , Ndeba Labubor Cyprien , Isaki Namwey Annette , Mitungu Makenga Toussaint , Boongo Mboto Deo , Liyandja Ituwa Hervé , Nswele Ilundu Odon , Tshitadi Makangu Augustin
Published: January 2025

The accessibility of pharmaceutical products remains an essential element in population care and an immeasurable pillar in public health. The objective of this research article is to understand the experience of managers on the supply chain for medication and other pharmaceutical products in all structures of the Wangata Health Zone. The inductive approach with the phenomenological method was used to analyze the stockout phenomenon in the empirical field, which is the Wangata health zone. Interviews were carried out over a period of one month from 16 August 2024 to 16 September 2024 in the Wangata General Referral Hospital as well as 7 health centers in the Wangata Health Zone. The interviewed people were managers responsible for supplies, purchasing managers, custodians, pharmacy assistants, and all administrators in charge of various structures in this zone. 19 semi-directed interviews were conducted after noting the saturation of information among respondents. The obtained results show in a practical way the dependence on partners (donors) for the supply of medical products, late deliveries, and drugs that are close to expiry. Drugs provided by partners do not meet the real needs of users. Stock shortages, price increases in pharmaceutical depots, insufficient funding, a permanent lack of partners, a total absence of organization of continuing training sessions, and premises, where pharmacies are installed in the majority of cases, are inappropriate and do not meet the standards of a hospital pharmacy. The conclusion drawn from this research emphasizes that regulation of the pharmaceutical supply chain, a good logistics management information system (LMIS), availability of funding, and distributed leadership skills in the pharmaceutical supply chain will allow health structures to take care of users appropriately. These strategies will also enable health structures, through their stock managers, to ensure the availability of medicines and other medicinal inputs and to guarantee a financial balance, allowing them to self-generate medical supplies in order to be partially or totally independent in terms of acquiring medicines.
The Role of Digital Economy in Transformation of Public Health: Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Kuzior Aleksandra , Marszałek-Kotzur Izabela , Kurovska Yuliia , Chvankin Yevhen
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation has a significant impact on public life quality. The ability to use unlimited information resources and innovative digital services creates new ideas about a comfortable environment, self-realization, effective communication, etc. One of the key areas of digital transformation has been the introduction of digital technologies into healthcare, which is now common in developed countries. Digitalization has promoted digital medicine, the latest methods of diagnosis, disease treatment, and prevention. Econometric models are relevant tools for assessing the influence of digitalization on healthcare. They provide an opportunity to build empirical evidence that becomes a basis for developing evidence-based recommendations for the implementation of healthcare innovations. This paper checks how new digital determinants impact public health via econometric models. To build panel regression models, the study used statistical data from 2016-2022 for 31 European countries. The following healthcare indexes were selected: life expectancy, mortality, self-rated health by gender, age, and education. Some indicators were independent: Internet access, immunization, household expenditures on medical services, number of medical graduates, global innovation, etc. As a result of econometric analysis, three models were built: the fixed effect models for life expectancy, mortality, and self-rated health by gender, age, and education. The models proved to be adequate. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) reduced multicollinearity between variables by identifying the most significant components. All calculations were conducted using STATA software. The analysis demonstrated that digitalization has positive and negative impacts on public health, depending on the specifics of digital technology use and socioeconomic conditions. The study results confirmed the impact of economic digitalization is multifaceted. The statistical analysis of the input data showed a correlation between digitalization (Internet access, use of online resources, digital literacy) and public health indicators (life expectancy, mortality, self-rated health).
The Impact of Socio-Economic Challenges and Technological Progress on Economic Inequality: An Estimation with the Perelman Model and Ricci Flow Methods
Authors: Gondauri Davit
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of 16 key parameters of the Georgian economy on economic inequality, using the Perelman model and Ricci flow mathematical methods. The aim of the study is to conduct a deep analysis of the impact of socio-economic challenges and technological progress on the dynamics of the Gini coefficient. The article examines the following parameters: income distribution, productivity (GDP per hour), unemployment rate, investment rate, inflation rate, migration (net negative), education level, social mobility, trade infrastructure, capital flows, innovative activities, access to healthcare, fiscal policy (budget deficit), international trade (turnover relative to GDP), social protection programs, and technological access. The results of the study confirm that technological innovations and social protection programs have a positive impact on reducing inequality. Productivity growth, improving the quality of education and strengthening R&D investments increase the possibility of inclusive development. Sensitivity analysis shows that social mobility and infrastructure are important factors that affect economic stability. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by high R² values (80-90%) and the statistical reliability of the Z-statistic (<0.05). The study uses Ricci flow methods, which allow for a geometric analysis of the transformation of economic parameters in time and space. Recommendations include the strategic introduction of technological progress, the expansion of social protection programs, improving the quality of education and encouraging international trade, which will contribute to economic sustainability and reducing inequality. The article highlights multifaceted approaches that combine technological innovation and responses to socio-economic challenges to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic development.
The Impact of Digital Challenges On the Development of Startups In the Tourism Sector In Algeria
Authors: Benabderrahmane Narimane
Published: January 2025

The Algerian government has worked to accelerate digital transformation in recent years, primarily through its orientation towards the knowledge economy and startups, by creating a supportive and framed system and creating many legal frameworks, in addition to taking many incentive measures, which contributed to the development of the startup sector in Algeria, especially tourism startups. However, this sector faces many challenges. This study aims to explore the challenges of the digital transformation of the tourism sector in Algeria through an evaluation research of the challenges of the digital transformation of tourism enterprises in Algeria from the perspective of startup owners. Through qualitative research was conducted through interviews with owners of emerging tourism enterprises to identify the key determinants of digital transformation and critical challenges. Additionally, quantitative research was conducted using a questionnaire to measure these determinants. And quantitative research was conducted by preparing a questionnaire to measure determinants of digital transformation and challenges directed towards owners of startups providing various tourism services, The result of Cronbach’s alpha is 0.795 that indicates that the internal reliability of this set is acceptable. The results showed that most startups in the tourism sector were created in 2019 due to establishing the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Startups in Algeria in the same year. Most tourism startups are located in the North-Central region due to the region’s favorable ecosystem. The most critical challenges facing digital transformation in Algeria are the need for more supportive institutions and e-governance. The results also show a correlation between a startup’s location and the level of digital transformation challenges. The result indicates that startups located in the High Plateau Center region and the Northeast region face the highest challenges in digital transformation; the results show a correlation between the startup field of activity and the level of digital transformation challenges. The results show that startup activists in direct tourism, e-commerce, and financial services are the most active fields facing higher challenges in digital transformation.
Relación entre Esquemas Maladaptativos y Satisfacción Sexual en matrimonios protestantes: Influencia de las creencias religiosas
Authors: Velázquez Colón Miguel Enrique
Published: January 2025

Se analiza la influencia de los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos sobre la sexualidad en los matrimonios de protestantes evangélicos en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, examinando el impacto de sus creencias religiosas en sus estructuras cognitivas para moldear sus dinámicas íntimas. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico de tipo descriptivo, con intervención terapéutica experimental, aplicando el Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-L2), el Cuestionario de Dinámica Relacional Mvelazquez y el Sexual Myths Scale (SMS), entrevistas y sesiones psicoterapéuticas. La muestra corresponde a 10 matrimonios de diversas congregaciones religiosas. Se encontró una prevalencia de trastornos sexuales en hombres: adicción a la pornografía (40 %), eyaculación precoz (30 %), disfunción eréctil (20 %) y deseo hipoactivo (20 %). En mujeres, anorgasmia (50 %), deseo hipoactivo (40 %) y vaginismo (10 %).  Los esquemas maladaptativos preponderantes detectados son el autosacrificio e inhibición emocional, el modo de afrontamiento predominante es el del niño indisciplinado/impulsivo, originados por interpretaciones religiosas rígidas y roles de género tradicionales. Se destaca que, 18 participantes modificaron sus esquemas y modos de afrontamiento a unos más saludables, resolviendo sus disfunciones sexuales y la dinámica relacional diádica mejoró en un 90%. Como conclusión, se resalta la eficacia de la terapia de esquemas para desactivar patrones disfuncionales, abriendo posibilidades de cambio profundo.
Capacitar e mobilizar a comunidade para apoiar os cidadãos mais velhos: um programa local promotor do ageing in place
Authors: Cordeiro Bárbara , Portugal Joana , Leitão Tiago
Published: January 2025

Cada vez mais as pessoas querem envelhecer nos locais onde sempre viveram e com os quais se identificam – ageing in place – pelo que é necessário preparar as comunidades para esta realidade. O presente artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos em duas iniciativas complementares focadas num modelo de capacitação e envolvimento da comunidade local para a promoção do ageing in place e da qualidade de vida da população mais velha. Next Door tinha como objetivo cultivar ageing-friendly environments e aumentar o capital social das pessoas mais velhas nas suas comunidades. CorAção em ComunIdade deu continuidade ao piloto do Next Door e focou-se numa intervenção de proximidade que potenciasse o envelhecimento saudável e o envolvimento dos cidadãos para a criação de uma comunidade compassiva. Este modelo permitiu capacitar 61 profissionais para a importância do trabalho em rede e envolver 42 voluntários para a necessidade de fortalecer redes de contacto e criar círculos de entreajuda. Dinamizaram-se 7 ações de sensibilização que alcançaram 91 participantes. Ao longo de três anos e meio, reforçou-se a rede de stakeholders em Aveiro, desde autoridades locais, sociedade civil, ONG e organizações de voluntariado, voluntários, pessoas mais velhas e outros cidadãos, permitindo a criação de Grupos de Reflexão e Ação Locais e a ativação de círculos de entreajuda. Os resultados revelaram a importância do envolvimento comunitário e das redes de contactos entre pessoas mais velhas, voluntários, profissionais e serviços locais para a garantia do ageing in place bem-sucedido.