bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular electrocatalysts transform CO into C2+ products effectively in a flow cell
Authors: Ren Shaoxuan , Fink Arthur , Lees Eric , Zhang Zishuai , Wu Wen Yu , Dvorak David , Berlinguette Curtis
Published: October 2020

The highest performance flow cells capable of electrolytically converting CO2 into higher value chemicals and fuels pass a concentrated hydroxide electrolyte across the cathode. A major problem for CO2 electrolysis is that this strongly alkaline medium converts the majority of CO2 into unreactive HCO3– and CO32– rather than CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) products. The electrolysis of CO (instead of CO2) does not suffer from this same problem because CO does not react with hydroxide. Moreover, CO can be more readily converted into products containing two or more carbon atoms (i.e., C2+ products). While several solid-state electrocatalysts have proven competent at converting CO into C2+ products, we demonstrate here that molecular electrocatalysts are also effective at mediating this transformation in a flow cell. Using a molecular copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) electrocatalyst, CO was electrolyzed into C2+ products at high rates of product formation (i.e., current densities J ≥200 mA/cm2), and at high Faradaic efficiencies for C2+ production (FEC2+; 72% at 200 mA/cm2). These findings present a new class of electrocatalysts for making carbon-neutral chemicals and fuels.
Climate warming explains half of the magnitude of temporal changes in life-history traits
Authors: McLean Nina , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Jeugd Henk van der , Leech Dave , Turnhout Chris van , Pol Martijn van de
Published: October 2020

Many wild populations are showing changes in phenotypic traits. However, the common assumption that such changes are driven by climate change relies on three conditions: that local climate is changing over time, that trait(s) are sensitive to climate variability, and that other causal agents are not also changing. We used long-term datasets on 60 bird species to test these conditions and to quantify the contribution of warming temperatures to changes in three important life-history traits. Across species, approximately half of the magnitude of changes in traits could be attributed to a single temperature window, with averages of 50% for laying date, 40% for body condition and 56% for offspring numbers. Thus, although warming temperatures were a key driver of change, other unknown factors contributed substantially to temporal trends (typically reinforcing change). Further analyses showed that these non-temperature-driven contributions explained most of the inter-specific variation in trait changes.
Quantum total reflection of single-photon in imaging
Authors: Jie Yuan
Published: October 2020

This work theoretically considers the quantum tunneling effect on total reflection of single-photon with frequency v in single-photon imaging. We find 1) that there exists a critical potential barrier Vc (in unit J) , above which total reflection definitely occurs, for the photon in a square barrier with arbitrary width and 2) that the critical barrier has a linear relationship with the frequency of lights from infrared to ultraviolet: Vc= hv +1.113437609582533e-20where h is the Planck constant and Vo = 1.113437609582533e-20 J is defined as the quantum total reflection constant of single-photon. This relationship could be used to choose light for practical single-photon imaging and laser detecting techniques.
The Ttg2 ABC system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa functions as a general glycerophospholipid transporter between the two cell membranes
Authors: Yero Daniel , Díaz-Lobo Mireia , Costenaro Lionel , Conchillo-Sole Oscar , Mayo Adrià , Ferrer-Navarro Mario , Vilaseca Marta , Gibert Isidre , Daura Xavier
Published: October 2020

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ttg2D is the soluble periplasmic phospholipid-binding component of an ABC transport system thought to be involved in maintaining the asymmetry of the outer membrane. The crystallographic structure of Ttg2D at 2.5 Å resolution reveals that this protein can accommodate four acyl chains. Analysis of the available structures of Ttg2D orthologs shows that they conform a new substrate-binding-protein structural cluster. Native and denaturing mass spectrometry experiments confirm that Ttg2D, produced both heterologously and homologously and isolated from the periplasm, can carry two diacyl glycerophospholipids as well as one cardiolipin. Binding is notably promiscuous, allowing the transport of various molecular species. In vitro binding assays coupled to native mass spectrometry show that binding of cardiolipin is spontaneous. Gene knockout experiments in P. aeruginosa multidrug-resistant strains reveal that the Ttg2 system is involved in low-level intrinsic resistance against certain antibiotics that use a lipid-mediated pathway to permeate through membranes.
Managing Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support During The COVID-19 Pandemic – A Proposal for A Nursing Standard Operating Procedure
Authors: Puslecki Mateusz , Dabrowski Marek , Baumgart Konrad , Ligowski Marcin , Dabrowska Agata , Stefaniak Sebastian , Szarpak Lukasz , Friedrich Tammy , Szlanga Lidia , Skorupa Paulina , Steliga Aleksandra , Hebel Kazimiera , Andrejanczyk Blazej , Ladzinska Malgorzata , Wieczorek Magdalena , Ziemak Piotr , Smereka Jacek , Tukacs Monika , Swol Justyna , Jemielity Marek , Perek Bartlomiej
Published: October 2020

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is proven to be efficient in a selected critically ill patient population and is showing promising results in refractory hypoxemia in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it necessitates specialized clinicians and advanced technological resources. While COVID-19 is an ongoing global emergency, there is no evidence-based practice in preparedness. This article proposes an innovative and optimized nursing care protocol, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), that increase safety, and prevents overuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) without interfering with therapy during ECMO in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A high-fidelity simulation scenario was developed. It included practicing safe and proper PPE donning and doffing during work organization, ECMO cannulation and ECMO-related procedures, and routine daily nursing care and management of patients on ECMO over nine hours. Results: Results were collected in three parts – proposal of nursing standardized operating procedures. They provide including work organization, work load references, competences and infrastructural conditions. Additionally, the cannulation equipment checklist proposal and daily routine nursing algorithm with other procedures during extracorporeal support were created.Conclusions: High-fidelity medical simulation can play an important role in staff training, improvement in previously gained proficiency, and development of optimal SOP for nursing care and management during ECMO in patients with COVID-19. Optimal SOPs may further guide multidisciplinary teams including intensive care units and interventional departments.
Southwestward growth of plateau surfaces in eastern Tibet
Authors: Cao Kai , Replumaz Anne , Tian Yuntao , Husson Laurent , Wang Guo-can , Shen Tianyi , Reiners Peter , Bernet Matthias , Beek Peter van der
Published: October 2020

Both the kinematics and dynamics for topographic growth of the Tibetan Plateau remain debated despite their significance for understanding the evolution of continental lithospheric geodynamics, climate, and biodiversity in Asia. Morphometric analysis reveals the continuity of high-elevated peneplains through the Songpan-Garze-Yidun, Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes in eastern Tibet. Inverse thermal-history modeling of thermochronological data indicates slow cooling of these terranes since 80-60 Ma, 40-35 Ma and 20-5 Ma, respectively, which is interpreted as marking tectonic and topographic stabilization of the plateau surfaces. The diachronous stabilization of flat plateau surfaces and early encroachment suggests decoupling of plateau surface formation from Neogene river incision and tectonics. This southwestward piecemeal expansion of small plateaus suggests that the high-elevation, low-relief landscape of eastern Tibet has been constructed during distinct orogenic episodes prior and during the early stages of India-Asia collision. A late stage of tectonic activity during Neogene only moderately remodeled the outer rims of the plateaus and the valleys that delineate the transcurrent faults, while lower crustal channel flow only leveled the distinct plateaus to a unique elevation, thereby triggering river incision in eastern Tibet.
AI Business Model: An Integrative Business Approach
Authors: Mishra Shrutika , Tripathi AR
Published: October 2020

Artificial Intelligence is the ecosphere’s prevalent and most comprehensive general knowledge and common-sense cognitive engine. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) business platform model is virtually at affluence with cloud SaaS model. It concerns AI solutions that can work together on top layer of the other digital systems, like a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) business system. AI admittances in digital data fluid through these coordination, fueling business enhancements over phase. In this business model, the business will safekeeping a recurrent subscription. This study endeavors to emphasis on the preemptive side of the use of AI and Machine learning (ML) technology to enterprise digital platform business model innovation and business dynamics.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets Of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Pinggan-Qianyang Decoction) On Vascular Remodeling In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Yao Jia-Mei , Zhang Cui , Yang Yu-Shu , Fang Xia , Chen Qiong , Zhong Guangwei
Published: October 2020

Background: Both experimental and clinical studies have revealed satisfactory effects with the traditional Chinese formula Pinggan Qianyang decoction (PGQYD) for improving vascular remodeling caused by essential hypertension. The present study explored various therapeutic targets of PGQYD using mRNA transcriptomics. Methods: In this study, rats were randomly divided into three groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; normal control), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and PGQYD-treated rat groups. After 12 weeks of PGQYD treatment, behavioral tests were employed and the morphology of thoracic aortas were examined with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining and electron microscopy. The mRNA expression profiles were identified with RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR to validate changes in gene expression observed with microarray analysis. The gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to predict gene function and gene co-expressions. Pathway networks were constructed to identify the hub biomarkers, which were further validated by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: After PGQYD treatment, the behavioral tests and histological and morphological findings of vascular remodeling were obviously meliorated compared with the SHR group. In the rat thoracic aorta tissues, 626 mRNAs with an exact match were identified. A total of 129 of mRNAs (fold change >1.3 and P-value <0.05) were significantly changed in the SHR group compared to the WKY group. Among them, 16 mRNAs were markedly regulated by PGQYD treatment and validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, target prediction and bioinformatics analyses revealed that these mRNAs could play therapeutic roles through biological processes for regulating cell metabolic processes (such as glycation biology), biological adhesions, rhythmic processes, and cell aggregation. The cellular signaling pathways involved in glycosylation may be AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.Conclusion: The present study provides novel insights for future investigations to explore the mechanisms by which PGQYD may effectively inhibit vascular remodeling by activating the AGE-RAGE signal pathway in glycation biology.
Simultaneous Determination of Luteoloside, Apigetrin, And Hesperidin In Rat Plasma By UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to A Comparative Pharmacokinetic Investigation After Oral Administration Of Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Aqueous Extract With And Without Its Volatile Oil
Authors: Liu Siting , Jiang Yulan , Shan Mingqiu , Yu Sheng , Cheng Fangfang , Chen Peidong , Bao Beihua , Cao Yudan , Zhang Li , Wu Qinan
Published: October 2020

Background: Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (ST) has been used as an aromatic exterior-releasing medicine in clinical practice for thousands of years in China. Previous researches have revealed both volatile oil (STVO) and aqueous extract (STAE) from ST showed significant pharmacological activities. However, the influence between each other was still unknown. Methods: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of three main flavonoids (luteoloside, apigetrin, and hesperidin) in STAE to illustrate the influence of STVO. So, an ultra-flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was established to quantitatively analyze the three absorbed ingredients in the plasma of healthy rats. Biological samples were analyzed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (3.0 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) with gradient mobile phase (containing 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. All the analytes and quercitrin (IS) were investigated with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) in negative ionization mode. Results: This quantitative method showed good linearities (r ≥0.9995) and the lower limits of quantification were 0.590~1.19 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precisions ranged 3.47~10.45% and 4.29~11.28% for the three analytes. The mean extraction recoveries were in the range of 77.41~109.79% and the average matrix effects were within 83.41~112.67%. The validated method has been fully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of the three flavonoid glycosides in rat plasma after oral administration of STAE and STAE+STVO. In comparison of luteoloside, apigetrin, and hesperidin in STAE group, it was found that different degree of increasing existed for the time to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax), elimination half-life time (T1/2), the area under the concentration curves (AUC0→t and AUC0→∞) and the maximum concentrations (Cmax) in STAE+STVO group. Conclusions: As can be seen from above, STVO could improve the absorption and bioavailability of the three analytes. These findings would provide some active and strong basis of safe clinical application for ST and further exploitation for STVO from the perspective of drug-drug interaction.
Quantitative Study on the Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Menopausal Hot Flashes and Its Comparison with Non-Hormonal Drugs
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Yi , Cheng Qingqing , Hou Mengyuan , Zheng Xijun , Zheng Qingshan , Li Lujin
Published: October 2020

Background The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes has always been controversial, which limited the use of acupuncture. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of acupuncture to that of sham acupuncture (SA), placebo pills, and non-hormonal drugs to provide the necessary quantitative information for establishing medication guidelines for menopausal hot flashes.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using public databases. Randomized clinical studies on acupuncture therapy for the treatment of hot flashes in menopausal women were identified. A time-course model was established to describe the efficacy characteristics of acupuncture and SA, which were compared with the efficacy of non-hormonal drugs and placebo pills reported in the literature. Results A total of 17 studies involving 1123 subjects were included. It was found that the baseline number of hot flashes was an important factor affecting the efficacy of acupuncture and SA. After correcting the baseline to eight hot flashes per day, the frequency of hot flashes decreased from baseline for traditional acupuncture (TA), electro-acupuncture (EA), TA&EA (merger analysis of TA and EA), and SA were 3.1 (95% CI: 2.8, 3.4), 3.6 (95% CI: 3.2, 4.0), 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9, 3.5), and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.2, 3.0) times/day at week 8, respectively. Compared with findings reported in the literature, we found the efficacy of EA was comparable to that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs) and neuroleptic agents such as gabapentin and escitalopram. Furthermore, the efficacy of TA&EA was significantly higher than that of placebo pills (2.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 2.9). Conclusions The efficacy of TA&EA was higher than that of SA and significantly higher than that of placebo pills. The efficacy of EA was higher than that of TA, significantly higher than that of SA, and comparable to that of SSRIs/SNRIs and neuroleptic agents.
Simultaneous Silencing of Two Different Arabidopsis Genes With A Novel Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Vector
Authors: Zhang Xiuchun , Wu Yadan , Zhang Chunwei , Wu Kunxin , Liu Zhixin
Published: October 2020

Background: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a useful tool for functional characterizations of plant genes. However, the penetrance of VIGS varies depending on the genes to be silenced, and has to be evaluated by examining the transcript levels of target genes. Results: In this report, we report the development of a novel VIGS vector that permits a preliminary assessment of the silencing penetrance. This new vector is based on an attenuated variant of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) known as CPB that can be readily used in Arabidopsis thaliana to interrogate genes of this model plant. A CPB derivative, designated CPB1B, was produced by inserting a 46 nucleotide section of the Arabidopsis PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) gene into CPB, in antisense orientation. CPB1B induced robust PDS silencing, causing easily visible photobleaching in systemically infected Arabidopsis leaves. More importantly, CPB1B can accommodate additional inserts, derived from other Arabidopsis genes, causing the silencing of two or more genes simultaneously. With photobleaching as a visual marker, we adopted the CPB1B vector to evaluate the relative importance of several known RNA silencing pathway genes in PDS VIGS. This approach allowed us to validate the involvement of DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4) and ARGONAUTE 2 (AGO2) in PDS silencing. Notably, double-stranded RNA-binding protein 4 (DRB4), whose protein product (DRB4) commonly partners with DCL4 in the antiviral silencing pathway, was dispensable for PDS silencing induced by CPB1B. Conclusions: The CPB1B-based vector developed in this work is a valuable tool with tracable and visualizable indicator of the silencing penetrance for interrogating Arabidopsis genes, especially those involved in the RNA silencing pathways.
Impact of module degradation on the viability of on-grid photovoltaic systems in Mediterranean climate: case of Shymkent Airport
Authors: Smagulov Zhalgas , Anapiya Adil , Dikhanbayeva Dinara , Rojas-Solórzano Luis
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the techno-economic feasibility analysis of an on-grid Photovoltaic Solar System (PVSS) subject to Mediterranean climate aging effects. The PVSS under study is considered installed on the roof of Shymkent airport, located in southern Kazakhstan. A PVSS performance degradation rate of 1.48%-per-annun was considered according to the Mediterranean climate prevailing in the location. A 25-year life-cycle cost analysis comparing the rated vs de-rated on-grid PVSS led to a positive Net Present Value (NPV), a less than 9-year equity payback, and favorable internal rate of return (IRR) and Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) in both conditions. The analysis demonstrates that despite the expected performance degradation associated to climatic aging, a convenient feed-in tariff (FIT) and attractive financial conditions, such as those present in Kazakhstan, conform a robust setting to promote on-grid PVSS in the country.
The Dyadic Interaction Model of Relationship Quality and the Impact of Attachment Orientation and Empathy on Infertile Couples in China
Authors: Du Kun , Dong Yue-zhi
Published: October 2020

Background: The study was conducted to examine the effect of attachment orientation and empathy on the relationship quality of infertile couples and assess the interdependency model of these factors.Method: In this study, 168 infertile couples (336 individuals) were enrolled and asked to finish he following questionnaires: the revised Adult Attachment Scales, the Interpersonal Response Index questionnaire, and the Relationship Quality subscale of the Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQol).Results: The attachment orientation of infertile couples can influence their relationship quality, and empathetic wives and husbands have actor and partner effects on the infertile couples’ relationship quality.Conclusion: Empathetic infertile couples are conducive to the harmony of the relationship. In order to provide better psychological services for patients, the clinical personnel should consider the infertile couple as a team both experiencing the stress of infertility together, and then should evaluate their ability for empathy systematically.
Prenatal distress level and its predictors according to the gestational age in pregnant women in the semi-urban region in Northwestern Turkey: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mercan Yeliz , SELCUK Kevser TARI , DIGIN Figen , SAYGIN Hasan
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the level and predictors of prenatal distress in pregnant women according to gestational age.Methods: This a cross-sectional study was conducted in eight Family Health Centers (FHCs) in Kirklareli, in Turkey. The study included 179 pregnant women who presented to the FHCs, who were at ≥12th week of gestation. Results:The frequency of prenatal distress in the participants was 21.2% (between 12th-27th weeks:16.5%, between 28th-41st weeks: 26.8%). It was found that level of education, age of the spouse, current pregnancy being unplanned, and social support levels were associated with the level of prenatal distress in ≥12th week or between 12th-27th weeks or between 28th-41st weeks (p<0.05). And also, perceived income level, abortion, and the number of pregnancies were associated with the level of prenatal distress in ≥12th weeks; the age of women, perceived income levels, previous abortion experience, and the number of pregnancies were associated with the level of prenatal distress in between 12th-27th weeks; the age of women, education level of spouse', and previous birth experience prenatal distress levels were associated in between 28th-41st weeks (p<0.05).Conclusion: The level of prenatal distress according to the gestational age, the education level of the woman, the age of her spouse’, the unplanned pregnancy, and social support levels were predictors. In both periods, the age of women were determinants in prenatal stress levels in pregnant women. Pregnant women should be screened and evaluated for prenatal distress in their application to FHCs.
Isolation and Characterizations of A Novel Recombinant scFv Antibody Against Exotoxin-A of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Shadman Zahra , Farajnia Safar , Pazhang Mohammad , Tohidkia Mohammadreza , Rahbarnia Leila , Najavand Saeed , Toraby Sayna
Published: October 2020

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as the leading cause of nosocomial infections especially in people with a compromised immune system. Targeting virulence factors by neutralizing antibodies is a novel paradigm for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pseudomonas infections.Methods: In this respect, exotoxin A is one of the most potent virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The present study was conducted to identify a novel human scFv antibody against domain I of P. aeruginosa exotoxin A from a human scFv phage library. For this, the recombinant domain I of exotoxin A was expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA column. A novel screening procedure was conducted to prevent the elimination of rare specific clones. Based on polyclonal phage ELISA results, the fifth round of biopanning was selected to identify specific phage clones.Results: Two positive clones were found by monoclonal phage. The phage clone with high reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and western blot. The purified scFv also showed high reactivity with full length exotoxin.Conclusions: In conclusion, the purified anti-exotoxin A scFv displayed high specificity against exotoxin A. The human scFv identified can be the groundwork for development of a novel therapeutic agent for control of P. aeruginosa infections.
Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on COVID-19 Incidence of 342 Cities in China: An Analysis Using Geographically Weighted Regression Model
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Liu Yini , Chen Fangyao , Mi Baibing , Zeng Lingxia , Pei Leilei
Published: October 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread quickly among the crowd and brought serious global impact since December 2019. However, there were considerable geographical disparities in the distribution of the COVID-19 incidence among different cities. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 incidence of 342 cities in China from the geographic perspective.Methods: The official surveillance data about the COVID-19 and sociodemographic information in the 342 cities of China were collected. Local GWPR model and global GLM Poisson regression model were compared to find the optimal one for analysis. Results: A significantly lower AICc in the GWPR model was shown compared with the GLM Poisson regression model (43218.9 in GWPR vs. 61953.0 in GLM, respectively). Any spatial auto-correlations of residuals were not found in the GWPR model (global Moran’s I = -0.005, p = 0.468), representing the spatial auto-correlation had been captured by the GWPR model. These cities with higher GDP, limited health resources, and shorter distance to Wuhan, were at higher risk for COVID-19. As population density increased, the incidence of COVID-19 decreased for most of the cities, except parts of the southeastern cities. Conclusions: There are potential effects of the sociodemographic factors on the COVID-19 incidence. Furthermore, the findings and methodology in our study could be used as a guide to other countries to help understand the local transmission of COVID-19 and tailor site-specific intervention strategies.
Modelling testing and response strategies for COVID-19 outbreaks in remote Australian Aboriginal communities
Authors: Hui Ben B , Brown Damien , Chisholm Rebecca H , Geard Nicholas , McVernon Jodie , Regan David G
Published: October 2020

BackgroundRemote Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have potential to be severely impacted by COVID-19, with multiple factors predisposing to increased transmission and disease severity. Our modelling aims to inform optimal public health responses. MethodsAn individual-based simulation model represented communities ranging from 100 to 3,500 people, comprised of large interconnected households. A range of strategies for case finding, quarantining of contacts, testing, and lockdown were examined, following the silent introduction of a case.ResultsMultiple secondary infections are likely present by the time the first case is identified. Quarantine of close contacts, defined by extended household membership, can reduce peak infection prevalence from 60-70% to around 10%, but subsequent waves may occur when community mixing resumes. Exit testing significantly reduces ongoing transmission. Concurrent lockdown of non-quarantined households for 14 days is highly effective for epidemic control and reduces overall testing requirements; peak prevalence of the initial outbreak can be constrained to less than 5%, and the final community attack rate to less than 10% in modelled scenarios. Lockdown also mitigates the effect of a delay in the initial response. Compliance with lockdown must be at least 80-90%, however, or epidemic control will be lost.ConclusionsA SARS-CoV-2 outbreak will spread rapidly in remote communities. Prompt case detection with quarantining of extended-household contacts and a 14-day lockdown for all other residents, combined with exit testing for all, is the most effective strategy for rapid containment. Compliance is crucial, underscoring the need for community supported, culturally sensitive responses.
Dynamic tracking and identification of tissue-specific secretory proteins in the circulation of live mice
Authors: Suh Jae Myoung , Kim Kwang-eun , Park Isaac , Kim Jeesoo , Kang Myeong-Gyun , Choi Won Gun , Shin Hyemi , Kim Jong-Seo , Rhee Hyun-Woo
Published: October 2020

Here we describe iSLET (in situ Secretory protein Labeling via ER-anchored TurboID) which labels secretory pathway proteins as they transit through the ER-lumen to enable dynamic tracking of tissue-specific secreted proteomes in vivo. We expressed iSLET in the mouse liver and demonstrated efficient in situ labeling of the liver-specific secreted proteome which could be tracked and identified within circulating blood plasma. iSLET is a versatile and powerful tool for studying spatiotemporal dynamics of secretory proteins, a valuable class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Whole genome sequencing and metabolomics analyses reveal the biosynthesis of nerol in a multi-stress-tolerant Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6
Authors: Mo Xueyan , Cai Xinghua , Hui Qinyan , Sun Huijie , Yu Ran , Bu Ru , Yan Bing , Ou Qian , Li Quanwen , He Sheng , Jiang Chengjian
Published: October 2020

BackgroundNerol (C10H18O), an acyclic monoterpene, naturally presents in plant essential oils, and is used widely in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as the valuable fragrance. Meanwhile, chemical synthesis is the only strategy for large-scale production of nerol, and the disadvantages of chemical synthesis greatly limited the production and its application. These defects drive the interests of researchers shift to the production of nerol by eco-friendly methods known as biosynthesis methods. However, the main technical bottleneck restricting the biosynthesis of nerol is the lacking of corresponding natural aroma-producing microorganisms.ResultsIn this study, a novel multi-stress-tolerant probiotics Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 with aroma-producing properties was identified by whole genome sequencing and metabolomics technology. GXDK6 showed a broad pH tolerance in the range of 2.5–10.0. The species also showed salt tolerance with up to 12% NaCl and up to 18% of KCl or MgCl2. GXDK6 exhibited heavy-metal Mn2+ tolerance of up to 5494 ppm. GXDK6 could also ferment with a total of 21 kinds of single organic matter as the carbon source, and produce abundant aromatic metabolites. Results from the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry indicated the production of 8–14 types of aromatic metabolites (isopentanol, nerol, geraniol, phenylethanol, isobutanol, etc.) when GXDK6 was fermented up to 72 h with glucose, sucrose, fructose, or xylose as the single carbon source. Among of them, nerol was found as a novel aromatic metabolite from GXDK6 fermentation, and its biosynthesis mechanism had also been further revealed.ConclusionA novel aroma-producing M. guilliermondii GXDK6 was identified successfully by whole genome sequencing and metabolomics technology. GXDK6 showed high multi-stress-tolerant properties with acid–base, salty, and heavy-metal environments. The aroma-producing mechanism of nerol in GXDK6 had also been revealed. These findings indicated the aroma-producing M. guilliermondii GXDK6 with multi-stress-tolerant properties has great potential value in the fermentation industry.
Farmers’ Perception on Forest Degradation in Eastern and Northern Regions of Ghana: Implication for Developing Sustainable Forest Management Strategy
Authors: Tesfahunegn Gebreyesus Brhane Brhane , Ayuk Elias , Adiku Kwasi Godfried Samuel
Published: October 2020

BackgroundGhana’s forest land is under threat of degradation. Even though forest degradation is reported as serious environmental problem, the nature and extent of farmers’ perception on forest degradation has not been adequately reported. In this study, we have attempted to examine farmers’ perception on forest degradation in the study villages from the Eastern and Northern Regions of Ghana and imply for developing forest management strategy. ResultsIn both regions study villages, farmers’ socioeconomic, farm and institutional attributes varied significantly among the farmers in which this could influence their perception on forest degradation. In this study, the main direct causes of forest degradation were perceived by most farmers’ (> 90%) as high firewood and charcoal demand and wildfire/bush fire. Similarly, poverty and population pressures were perceived by significantly higher proportions of the farmers as the major indirect causes of forest degradation. In study regions, significantly higher proportions of the respondents (97%) perceived that there is no forest near to their residence or farmland in 2017. This study showed that significantly higher proportions of the framers perceived that many plant species (e.g., Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis)) and animal species (e.g., Leopard (Panthera pardus)) were disappeared due to forest degradation. In this study, the majority of the respondents also identified other forest degradation indicators such as temperature increased and rainfall irregularity. The most frequently noted strategy to reduce forest degradation that perceived by significantly higher proportions of the respondents (95.6%) were strengthening and enforcement of forest rules and strategies. The binary logistic analysis result indicated that age, education, farming experience and income were the determinant variables common in both study villages that influenced significantly farmers’ perception on forest degradation. ConclusionThis study shows that significantly higher proportions of the farmers well perceived the causes, indicators and consequences of forest degradation in their village. The perception of farmers on forest degradation can support for decision-making while suggested suitable forest management strategy for their village condition such as introduction of environmental regulations and rules, strengthening farmer-extension system, energy options to replace firewood and charcoal and massive reforestation and afforestation programmes.
An Integrated Analysis of Spatial Access to the Three-Tier Healthcare Delivery System in China: A Case Study of Hainan Island
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Seyler Barnabas , Han Wei , Pan Jay
Published: October 2020

Background: Access to healthcare is critical for the implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). With the development of healthcare insurance systems around the world, spatial impedance to healthcare institutions has attracted increasing attention. However, most spatial accessibility methodologies having been developed in Western countries, whose healthcare systems are different from those in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC).Methods: In this paper, Hainan Island was taken as an example to explore the utilization of modern spatial accessibility techniques under a specialized Three-Tier Health Care Delivery System in China. Healthcare institutions were first classified into the three tiers accordingly. Then shortest travel time was calculated for each institution tier, and overlapped to identify eight types of multilevel healthcare access zones. Spatial access to doctors based on the Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method (E2SFCA) was also calculated.Results: On Hainan Island, about 90% of the population were within 60-minute service range of Tier 3 (hospitals) healthcare institutions, 80% were within 30 minutes of Tier 2 (health centers), and 75% were within 15 minutes of Tier1 (clinics). Based on local policy, 76.36% of population living in 48.52% of area were able to receive timely services at all tiers of healthcare institutions. The weighted average access to doctors was 2.31 per thousand residents, but reginal disparity was large, and 64.66% were contributed by Tier 3 healthcare institutions.Conclusion: Spatial access to healthcare institutions on Hainan Island was generally good according to travel time and general abundance of doctors, but inequality among regions and irrationality among different tiers of healthcare institutions exist. Primary healthcare institutions, especially Tier 2 need strengthen.
Exploring the Experiences of Changes to Support Access to Primary Health Care Services and the Impact on the Quality and Safety of Care for Homeless People During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Protocol for A Qualitative Mixed Methods Approach.
Authors: Howells Kelly , Burrows Martin , Amp Mat , Brennan Rachel , Yeung Wan-Ley , Jackson Shaun , Dickinson Joanne , Draper Julie , Campbell Stephen , Ashcroft Darren , Blakeman Thomas , Sanders Caroline
Published: October 2020

Background: Despite high level of health care need amongst people experiencing homelessness, poor access is a major concern. This is sometimes due to organisational and bureaucratic barriers, but also because they often feel stigmatised and treated badly when they do seek health care. The COVID-19 pandemic and the required social distancing measures have caused unprecedented disruption and change for the organisation of primary care, particularly for people experiencing homelessness. Against this back drop, there are many questions to address regarding whether the recent changes required to deliver services to people experiencing homelessness in the context of COVID-19 will help to address or compound problems in accessing care and inequalities in health outcomes. Methods: An action led and participatory research methodology will be employed to address the study objectives. Interviews with people experiencing homelessness were will be conducted by a researcher with lived experience of homelessness. Researchers with lived experience are able to engage with vulnerable communities in an empathetic, non-judgemental way as their shared experience promotes a sense of trust and integrity, which in turn encourages participation in research and may help people speak more openly about their experience. Interviews with health professionals and stakeholders exploring their experiences of delivering and facilitating care for homeless people during the pandemic will also be explored.Discussion: It is important to explore whether recent changes to the delivery of primary care in in response to the COVID-19 pandemic compromise the safety of homeless people and exacerbate existing health inequalities. This could have implications for how primary healthcare is delivered to those experiencing homelessness not only for the duration of the pandemic but in the future.
High Concentrations of Illicit Stimulants and Cutting Agents Cause False Positives on Fentanyl Test Strips
Authors: Lockwood Tracy-Lynn E. , Vervoordt Alexandra , Lieberman Marya
Published: October 2020

Background:The opioid epidemic has caused an increase of overdose deaths which can be attributed to fentanyl combined with various illicit substances. Drug checking programs have been started by many harm reduction groups to provide tools for users to determine the composition of their street drugs. Immunoassay fentanyl test strips (FTS) allow users to test drugs for fentanyl by either filling a baggie or cooker with water to dissolve the sample and test. The antibody used in FTS is very selective for fentanyl at high dilutions, a characteristic of the traditional use of urine testing. These street sample preparation methods can lead to mg/mL concentrations of several potential interference. We tested whether these concentrated samples could cause false positive results on a FTS. Methods:20 ng/mL Rapid Response immunoassay Fentanyl Test Strips (FTS) were obtained from BTNX Inc. and tested against 4 different pharmaceuticals (diphenhydramine, alprazolam, gabapentin, and naloxone buprenorphine) and 3 illicit stimulants (cocaine HCl, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in concentrations from 20 mg/mL to 0.2 mg/mL. The FTS testing pad is divided into 2 sections: the control area and the test area. Control and test area signal intensities were quantified by ImageJ from photographs of the test strips and compared to a threshold set by fentanyl at the FTS limit of detection. Results: False positive results indicating the presence of fentanyl were obtained from samples of methamphetamine, MDMA, and diphenhydramine at concentrations at or above 1 mg/mL. Diphenhydramine is a common cutting agent in heroin. The street sample preparation protocols for FTS use suggested by many online resources would produce such concentrations of these materials. Street samples need to be diluted more significantly to avoid interference from potential cutting agents and stimulants. Conclusions:Fentanyl test strips are commercially available, successful at detecting fentanyl to the specified limit of detection and can be a valuable tool for harm reduction efforts. Users should be aware that when drug adulterants are in high concentrations, FTS can give a false positive result.
The Association Between Parity and Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight in Chinese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shi Mengte , Zhou Xinhe , Zheng Chao , Pan Youjin
Published: October 2020

BackgroundStudies analyzing the association between parity and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) individuals in postmenopausal women remain limited, this study aimed to explore the association between parity and MUHNW among Chinese postmenopausal women.MethodsIn total, 776 normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for a routine health check-up between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included in the study. All individuals had fully completed information records encompassing standardized electronic medical records, physical examinations, and biochemical measurements. The association between parity and MUHNW was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsCompared to women with a parity of one, the odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the parity 2, 3, and ≥4 groups were observed to be 1.40 (0.89, 2.20), 2.00 (1.16, 3.44) and 1.87 (0.96, 3.62), respectively, with P for trend < 0.05 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women with a higher parity (≥3) had an increased OR of abdominal obesity, while the OR (95% CI) of the parity 3 group was 2.54 (1.46, 4.40) and that of the parity 4 group was 4.25 (2.11, 8.56), the P for trend < 0.001 after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), education level, first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, pregnancy losses, age at menarche, and duration of reproductive years. No significant differences were detected for other metabolic disorders including high levels of triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in different parity groups.ConclusionHigher parity was associated with a higher risk of MUHNW in Chinese postmenopausal women. Accordingly, it may be plausible that parity serves as a risk factor for metabolic disorders irrespective of BMI, and abdominal obesity may play an important role in metabolic disorders.
The long-distance OPT3 movement is selective between herbaceous and woody plants as shown using Malus and Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Authors: Lv Xinmin , Sun Yaqiang , Hao Pengbo , Zhang Cankui , Tian Ji , Fu Mengmeng , Xu Zhen , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Wu Ting , Han Zhenhai
Published: October 2020

Long-distance mobile mRNAs play key roles in gene regulatory networks controlling plant development and stress resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying species-specific delivery of mRNA still need to be elucidated. Here, the use of grafts involving highly heterozygous apple (Malus) genotypes allowed us to demonstrate that MdOPT3 mRNA can be transported over a long distance, from the leaf to the root, to regulate Fe uptake; whereas, AtOPT3, the mRNA of the MdOPT3 homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana, does not move from shoot to root. Reciprocal heterologous expression of the two types of mRNAs showed that the immobile AtOPT3 moved from the shoot to the root in Malus and Populus plants, while the mobile MdOPT3 became immobile in A. thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the different transmissibility of OPT3 in A. thaliana and Malus might be caused by the divergent RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) located in herbaceous and woody plants. This study provides insights into mechanisms underlying differences in mRNA mobility and validates the important physiological functions associated with this process.
Photoluminescence and Boosting Electron-phonon Coupling in CdS Nanowires With Variable Sn(IV) Dopant Concentration
Authors: Zhou Weichang , Peng Yuehua , Luo Yuan , Zhong Xuying , Yin Yanling , Tang Dongsheng , Zou Bingsuo
Published: October 2020

High-quality Sn(IV) doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a thermal evaporation route. Both XRD and Raman scattering spectrum confirmed the doping effect. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) demonstrated that both near bandgap emission and discrete trapped-state emission appeared simultaneously and significantly, which were attributed to the strong exciton trapping by impurities and electron-phonon coupling during the light transportation. The PL intensity ratio of near bandgap emission to trapped-state emission could be tune via doped Sn(IV) concentration in the CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. The influence of Sn(IV) dopant is further revealed by PL lifetime decay profile. The optical micro-cavity also plays an important role on this emission process. Our results will be helpful to the understanding of doping modulated carrier interaction, trapping and recombination in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.
Perforation of the Atrial Wall and Aortic Sinus after Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect with an Atriasept Occluder: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Zaiqiang , Ding Jia-Wang
Published: October 2020

Background: While the perforation of the atrial wall and aortic sinus after closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) is rare, it's life-threatening, with rapid progress and high mortality. To the best of our knowledge, 21 similar cases have been reported since 1976.Case presentation: We report a 16-year-old male whose atrial septal defect (ASD) was closed using a 12-mm Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Atrial wall and aortic sinus perforation occurred 3 months after transcatheter closure, and the patient was discharged after emergency operation. He was discharged on the 12th postoperative day in good overall condition.Conclusions: With this case report, we want to illustrate that although percutaneous closure of ASD is regarded as a routine procedure, we should not forget the potentially lethal complications, especially cardiac erosion. Therefore, we should carefully evaluate the risk of erosion before surgery, and careful lifelong follow-up is needed.