bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDCC-SAM: A Zero-Shot Approach for Cell Counting in Immunocytochemistry Dataset Using the Segment Anything Model
Authors: Fanijo Samuel , Jannesari Ali , Dickerson Julie
Published: February 2025

Cell counting in immunocytochemistry is vital for biomedical research, supporting the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as neurological disorders, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. However, traditional counting methods are manual, time-consuming, and error-prone, while deep learning solutions require costly labeled datasets, limiting scalability. We introduce the Immunocytochemistry Dataset Cell Counting with Segment Anything Model (IDCC-SAM), a novel application of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), designed to adapt the model for zero-shot-based cell counting in fluorescent microscopic immunocytochemistry datasets. IDCC-SAM leverages Meta AI’s SAM, pre-trained on 11 million images, to eliminate the need for annotations, enhancing scalability and efficiency. Evaluated on three public datasets (IDCIA, ADC, and VGG), IDCC-SAM achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Error (26, 28, 52) on VGG and ADC and the highest Acceptable Absolute Error (28%, 26%, 33%) across all datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art supervised models like U-Net and Mask R-CNN, as well as zero-shot benchmarks like NP-SAM and SAM4Organoid. These results demonstrate IDCC-SAM’s potential to improve cell-counting accuracy while reducing reliance on specialized models and manual annotations.
Inhibitor of Growth Proteins: Epigenetic Regulators Shaping Neurobiology
Authors: Xu Ziyue , Xu Hongyu , Shi Jichun , Liu Runming , Li Xiang , Liu Sha , Wei Wei
Published: February 2025

The inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins is emerging as a pivotal regulator of epigenetic modifications within the nervous system. These proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, and DNA repair, through interactions with chromatin-modifying complexes. Recent studies underscore the dual role of ING proteins in both tumor suppression and neuronal differentiation, development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the epigenetic functions of ING proteins in neurobiology, with a focus on their involvement in neural development and their relevance to neuro-oncological diseases. We explore the mechanisms by which ING proteins influence chromatin state and gene expression, highlighting their interactions with histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, DNA modification enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. A deeper understanding of the role of ING proteins in epigenetic regulation in the nervous system may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting neurological disorders.
Exploring the Cardiovascular Benefits of Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Milena Esposito , Maurizio Mandalà
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, driven by complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, with diet playing a pivotal role. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a plant-based fat that has garnered attention for its robust cardiovascular benefits, which are attributed to its unique composition of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly oleic acid (OA); and bioactive polyphenols, such as Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleocanthal. These compounds collectively exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and lipid-modulating effects. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that EVOO’s properties reduce major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. EVOO also promotes endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, thus favoring vasodilation, lowering blood pressure (BP), and supporting vascular integrity. Furthermore, it modulates biomarkers of cardiovascular health, such as C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and NT-proBNP, aligning with improved hemostatic balance and reduced arterial vulnerability. Emerging evidence highlights its interaction with gut microbiota, further augmenting its cardioprotective effects. This review synthesizes current evidence, elucidating EVOO’s multifaceted mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Future directions emphasize the need for advanced extraction techniques, nutraceutical formulations, and personalized dietary recommendations to maximize its health benefits. EVOO represents a valuable addition to dietary strategies aimed at reducing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Molecular Biomarkers and More Efficient Therapies for Sepsis
Authors: Su Wen-Lin , Chiu Sheng-Kang , Shen Chih-Hao , Chen Yi-Ting
Published: February 2025

Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, representing a substantial burden on healthcare systems [...]
ADAMTS4 Reduction Contributes to Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Impaired Myogenesis in the Skeletal Muscle of Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice
Authors: Li Danyang , Pei Yuqiang , Liang Long , Wang Zihan , Gai Xiaoyan , Sun Yongchang
Published: February 2025

Background: The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in the proper regeneration of skeletal muscle. ECM remodeling has been reported in the skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we examined the dynamic interplay between ECM components and ECM enzymes in COPD skeletal muscle and cigarette smoke (CS) extract-treated C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells were further used to evaluate the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4 (ADAMTS4) in ECM remodeling and myogenesis. Results: Chronic CS exposure induced the development of COPD and comorbid sarcopenia in C57BL/6J mice. Muscle fibrosis was observed in the gastrocnemius muscle of CS-exposed mice, accompanied by an upregulation of protein expression but a downregulation of mRNA levels of fibronectin and versican. We found that the discrepancy of mRNA and protein expression was attributed to the aberrant secretion of some ECM enzymes belonging to matrix metalloproteinases and ADAMTS proteases, especially ADAMTS4. CS exposure reduced ADAMTS4 expression in gastrocnemius muscles and C2C12 cells, and Adamts4 knockdown induced fibronectin and versican accumulation and impeded myogenic process. Conclusions: Considering that recent studies have indicated an impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in COPD, we suggested that the restrained production of ADAMTS4 in response to CS could be involved in the damaged muscle regeneration through regulating skeletal muscle ECM in COPD. Targeting ECM enzymes may benefit the rehabilitation of COPD-related sarcopenia.
Mental Health Disorders Due to Gut Microbiome Alteration and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation After Spinal Cord Injury: Molecular Mechanisms, Promising Treatments, and Aids from Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kalaga Pranav , Ray Swapan K.
Published: February 2025

Aside from its immediate traumatic effects, spinal cord injury (SCI) presents multiple secondary complications that can be harmful to those who have been affected by SCI. Among these secondary effects, gut dysbiosis (GD) and the activation of the NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) like receptor-family pyrin-domain-containing three (NLRP3) inflammasome are of special interest for their roles in impacting mental health. Studies have found that the state of the gut microbiome is thrown into disarray after SCI, providing a chance for GD to occur. Metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a variety of neurotransmitters produced by the gut microbiome are hampered by GD. This disrupts healthy cognitive processes and opens the door for SCI patients to be impacted by mental health disorders. Additionally, some studies have found an increased presence and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its respective parts in SCI patients. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can initiate and eventually aggravate mental health disorders after SCI. In addition to the mechanisms of GD and the NLRP3 inflammasome in intensifying mental health disorders after SCI, this review article further focuses on three promising treatments: fecal microbiome transplants, phytochemicals, and melatonin. Studies have found these treatments to be effective in combating the pathogenic mechanisms of GD and NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as alleviating the symptoms these complications may have on mental health. Another area of focus of this review article is exploring how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to support treatments. AI models have already been developed to track changes in the gut microbiome, simulate drug-gut interactions, and design novel anti-NLRP3 inflammasome peptides. While these are promising, further research into the applications of AI for the treatment of mental health disorders in SCI is needed.
A Population Survey on Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Huf Sarah , Humphrey Ada , Darzi Ara , Cunningham Deborah , King Dominic , Judah Gaby
Published: February 2025

Background: In the UK, breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women, accounting for 31% of cancers and 15% of cancer-related deaths in women. In 2023, London’s breast screening coverage was 56%, falling below the NHS target of 70%. This survey assesses psychological and behavioural factors impacting screening attendance. Methods: Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, an online survey including 15 behavioural factors was distributed through a market research company to women eligible for breast screening (aged 47–73) across London and Southeast and West England. Logistic regression was used to predict the impact of behavioural variables on history of attendance and intention to attend future screening opportunities. Results: Of the 922 respondents who returned the full survey, 88.6% intended to attend future screenings, and 88.1% reported previously attending screenings regularly. ‘Behavioural regulation’ had the strongest influence on past attendance (OR = 1.92, p < 0.001) and future intent (OR = 1.56, p = 0.003). Not intending to attend was linked to emotional consequences (OR = 0.68, p = 0.003) and environmental barriers (OR = 0.66, p < 0.001), where OR—Odds Ratio. Conclusions: This survey identifies behavioural factors influencing breast screening participation and screening intention, providing insights that may help design interventions to increase attendance rates.
Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Lightweight Sandwich Panels Utilizing Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ghazy Mariam Farouk , Abd Elaty Metwally abd allah , Sakr Mohamed Abd Elkhalek , Arafa Eslam Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Sandwich panels, consisting of two concrete wythes that encase an insulating core, are designed to improve energy efficiency and reduce the weight of construction applications. This research examines the thermal and flexural properties of a novel sandwich panel that incorporates ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) as its core material. Seven sandwich panel specimens were tested for their thermo-flexural performance using four-point bending tests. The experimental parameters included variations in UHPFRC thickness (20 mm and 30 mm) and different shear connector types (shear keys, steel bars, and post-tension steel bars). The study also assessed the effects of adding steel mesh reinforcement to the UHPFRC layer and evaluated the performance of UHPFRC box sections without a CLC core. The analysis concentrated on several critical factors, such as initial, ultimate, and serviceability loads, load–deflection relationships, load–end slip, load–strain relationships, composite action ratios, crack patterns, and failure modes. The thermal properties of the UHPFRC and CLC were evaluated using a transient plane source technique. The results demonstrated that panels using post-tension steel bars as shear connectors achieved flexural performance, and the most favorable composite action ratios reached 68.8%. Conversely, the box section exhibited a brittle failure mode when compared to the other sandwich panels tested. To effectively evaluate mechanical and thermal properties, it is important to design panels that have adequate load-bearing capacity while maintaining low thermal conductivity. This study introduced a thermo-mechanical performance coefficient to evaluate both the thermal and mechanical performance of the panels. The findings indicated that sandwich panels with post-tension steel bars achieved the highest thermo-mechanical performance, while those with steel connectors had the lowest performance.
Evaluating the Cooling Effects and Building Energy-Saving Potential of Vegetation and Albedo: A Case Study of Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
Authors: Wang Yuedong , Zhang Yuhan , Song Younkeun , Lee Junga , Li Guanlin , Song Zipeng , Zhou Zhicheng , Zhang Junxue , Xu Jiacong , Li Jingang , Li Yingnan
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies have explored the cooling and energy-saving effects of vegetation and reflective materials under extreme heat conditions in urban residential areas. However, few have explored the synergistic effects of vegetation and albedo, particularly in low-rise, high-density residential areas. Therefore, this study selected six typical low-rise, high-density residential areas in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, based on the neighborhood characteristics. This study investigated the cooling effects and energy-saving potential of vegetation and cooling materials through the development of five simulation scenarios. These included original conditions, the application of highly reflective cooling materials, increased vegetation cover, the removal of vegetation cover, and a comprehensive strategy combining cooling materials with enhanced vegetation. These scenarios were analyzed using ENVI-met and DesignBuilder to evaluate their impact on the microclimate and building energy consumption. The results reveal the following: (1) Cooling materials can lower air temperatures by 1.9 °C, saving 10.37% in energy consumption during the summer, demonstrating a greater efficiency in reducing air temperature and energy use. (2) Vegetation slightly reduces daytime air temperatures but hampers nighttime cooling in dense low-rise areas, increasing energy demand. Shrubs or grass are preferable to tall trees. (3) Cooling materials had a stronger correlation with energy consumption reduction compared to vegetation. Hence, combining cooling materials with strategically placed vegetation and controlling vegetation size maximized cooling and energy-saving benefits. This study provides valuable insights for urban planners and designers, offering guidance for improving urban microclimates, reducing building energy use, and achieving carbon neutrality goals.
Colorectal Adenoma Subtypes Exhibit Signature Molecular Profiles: Unique Insights into the Microenvironment of Advanced Precancerous Lesions for Early Detection Applications
Authors: Mancuso Francesco Mattia , Higareda-Almaraz Juan Carlos , Canal-Noguer Pol , Bertossi Arianna , Perera-Lluna Alexandre , Roehrl Michael Herbert Alexander , Kruusmaa Kristi
Published: February 2025

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant colonic or rectal crypt epithelium. About 85% of CRCs evolve through a stepwise progression from advanced precancerous adenoma lesions. A better understanding of the evolution from adenoma to carcinoma can provide a window of opportunity not only for early detection and therapeutic intervention but potentially also for cancer prevention strategies. Methods: This study investigates the heterogeneous methylation, copy-number alteration (CNA), and mutation signals of histological adenoma subtypes in the context of progression from normal colon to advanced precancerous lesions (APLs) and early-stage CRC. Results: Differential methylation analysis revealed 2321 significantly altered regions among APLs: 137 hypermethylated regions in serrated vs. tubular, 2093 in serrated vs. tubulovillous, and 91 in tubular vs. tubulovillous adenoma subtypes. The most differentiating pathways for serrated adenomas belonged to cAMP signaling and the regulation of pluripotency of stem cells, while regions separating tubular and tubulovillous subtypes were enriched for WNT signaling. CNA events were mostly present in tubular or tubulovillous adenomas, with the most frequent signals being seen in chromosomes 7, 12, 19, and 20. In contrast, early-stage CRC exhibited signals in chromosomes 7, 8, and 20, indicating different processes between APL and early-stage CRC. Mutations reinforce subtype-level differences, showing specific alterations in each subtype. Conclusions: These findings are especially important for developing early detection or cancer prevention tests trying to capture adenoma signatures.
Emerging Trends in Palladium Nanoparticles: Sustainable Approaches for Enhanced Cross-Coupling Catalysis
Authors: Ayogu Jude I. , Elahi Numair , Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: February 2025

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are transforming the landscape of modern catalysis and offer sustainable and efficient alternatives to traditional catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. Owing to their exceptional surface area-to-volume ratio, PdNPs exhibit superior catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability, making them ideal for greener chemical processes. Recent innovations have focused on improving the stability and reusability of PdNPs through environmentally benign approaches, such as water-based reactions, renewable stabilizers, and magnetic nanoparticle supports. Advances in catalyst design, including PdNP immobilization on magnetic nanosilica for enhanced recyclability in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions, nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets achieving up to ninefold improvements in turnover frequencies, and biodegradable biopolymer matrices that reduce environmental impact, have effectively addressed key challenges such as catalyst leaching, support degradation, and agglomeration. The shift from conventional catalysis to these cutting-edge nanocatalytic techniques signifies a critical movement toward sustainable chemistry, positioning PdNPs at the forefront of industrial applications and the future of eco-friendly chemical synthesis.
Expected Impacts on Mediterranean Forest Species Under Climate Change
Authors: Enríquez-de-Salamanca Álvaro
Published: February 2025

Climate change affects tree species, altering their growth and distribution, with effects varying by region, although mostly negative in the Mediterranean. This study examines 27 tree species in central Iberia, in a continental Mediterranean climate, using GISs and climate models. It investigates changes in net primary productivity (NPP) under different climate scenarios, identifying species that are endangered or vulnerable. Currently, only 2.4% of forest stands are endangered, but 51.2% are vulnerable; by 2100, these figures could rise to 35.4% and 85.2%, respectively. A correlation between altitude and threat level was found, with mountain species facing lower risks. Species with higher threat levels are linked to high NPP or low NPP variability. Four species currently have no threatened stands, though they may in the future, except one introduced in high-elevation areas, which will be favoured by climate change. Climate change will induce migrations to higher altitudes, but these movements depend on the rate of change, population size, fragmentation, and human alteration of the environment. Migration will be more challenging for low-altitude species in heavily human-impacted areas.
Wear Study of Bulk Cargo Vehicle Body Materials Used to Transport Dolomite
Authors: Jankauskas Vytenis , Žunda Audrius , Katinas Artūras , Tučkutė Simona
Published: February 2025

Steel and aluminum alloys are used to manufacture the bodies of bulk material handling machines. The aluminum body enables a higher load mass and thus reduces transport costs. However, the greater abrasion of aluminum alloys leads to more frequent repairs to the underside of the body, as the abrasion parameters of aluminum are lower. This study, which used three different methods to evaluate abrasive wear (erosive/impact wear, abrasive wear in the mass of the free abrasive and abrasion test according to ASTM G65), showed that the most significant influence on the wear of 3004 series aluminum is the grain size of the abrasive. Only under erosive/impact wear conditions with abrasive particles of 2.0–5.0 and 5.0–8.0 mm is aluminum competitive with Hardox 450 in terms of volumetric wear, with aluminum exhibiting 1.3–1.4 times the wear rate of steel. Tests on the abrasive mass of the grinding fraction in question have shown that the volumetric wear of aluminum is 0.2–2.3 times higher at very low contact loads. In contrast, aluminum wears 7.5 and 4 times more than steel in the ASTM G65 test (0.1–0.4 mm fraction) at low and medium contact loads. Only in exceptional cases is the aluminum floor of bulk material handling equipment competitive with hardened steel in terms of wear intensity.
Research Progress on Surface Modification of Titanium Implants
Authors: Wu Yifei , Wan Keming , Lu Jianhua , Yuan Changyong , Cui Yuwei , Duan Rongquan , Yu Jun
Published: February 2025

Implants made of titanium and its alloys are currently widely used in the human body. A series of surface modification methods developed nowadays enable titanium alloy implants to serve effectively in the human body for a long time. This paper reviews three different types of surface modification technologies for biomedical titanium alloys: physical, chemical, and biological, with particular attention to the assistance of these three technologies on the biological properties of titanium alloys. The physical method can change the surface morphology of titanium implants and prepare specific coatings for the implants, such as oxide films, bioactive molecules, drugs, etc. Chemical and biological surface modification technologies can minimize bacterial adhesion on the implant surface, improve the integration of soft tissue around the implant, prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis, and accelerate the process of damage repair. An ideal titanium implant surface should balance the optimal surface morphology, chemical properties, and bionic characteristics to accelerate bone integration, enhance stability, and reduce peri-implant inflammation. Future research should focus on combining technologies, exploring interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, and conducting extensive in vitro and in vivo studies to verify the effectiveness and safety of modified surfaces. The progress in these fields will help overcome the existing limitations, improve the performance of implants, and obtain better clinical results.
Gendered Analysis of the Effect of Displacement on Labor Market Outcomes: A Focus on Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Mutie Celina Katunda , Macharia John Njenga
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how socio-economic characteristics, migration status, and country of origin influence labor market outcomes in Nairobi County, Kenya. By estimating logit and Tobit models using data from the Kenya Refugee and Host Household Survey (KRHHS), we find that age is positively associated with the likelihood of being employed and higher incomes, but this relationship diminishes beyond a certain point. Gender disparities are pronounced, with women being less likely to be employed and generally earning less than men. Larger households are associated with lower employment probabilities, reflecting greater domestic responsibilities for household heads. Local community members are more likely to be employed and earn more than refugees, who face substantial labor market barriers such as legal restrictions and lack of social networks. Having a university education is associated with being employed with higher earnings, compared to workers with either primary or secondary education. Having never been married is positively associated with being employed. Employment and income vary significantly by country of origin, highlighting the complex interplay between integration and discrimination factors in local communities. These findings underscore the need to address educational and gender inequalities that prevail between refugees and local communities.
First-Year University Students’ Perspectives on Their Psychological Safety in PBL Teams
Authors: Clausen Nicolaj Riise , Abouarabi Yasmin Belal , Chen Juebei , Hansen Søren , Velmurugan Giajenthiran , Fink Trine , Lyngdorf Niels Erik , Guerra Aida , Du Xiangyun
Published: February 2025

This study explores first-year university students’ perceptions of psychological safety, team creativity, and academic well-being in problem-based learning (PBL) teams at Aalborg University, where PBL is systematically implemented. These constructs are vital for fostering effective collaboration and positive academic outcomes, yet their interrelations in educational contexts remain underexplored. A survey was administered to 893 students across STEM and Health programs, using validated instruments for psychological safety, team creativity, and academic well-being. Results indicate moderate to strong correlations among the three constructs, underscoring the interplay and connection between psychological safety, team creativity and academic well-being in team settings. Gender and program-based differences were examined, revealing small but significant distinctions, such as higher team creativity scores among STEM students and greater psychological safety reported by male students. These findings highlight the importance of fostering trust and inclusivity within PBL teams, particularly for students transitioning to university-level education. This study contributes to understanding the interplay between psychological safety, creativity, and academic well-being in collaborative learning environments and highlights the need for further research to explore both the development and distribution of these critical concepts, especially during students’ transition to higher education.
Entrepreneurial Coaching and Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review of Its Pedagogical Integration into Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Ndlovu Elona Nobukhosi , Ebewo Patrick Ebong , Mlotshwa Semukele Hellen , Shumba Knowledge
Published: February 2025

This study explores the integration of Entrepreneurial Coaching (EC) as a pedagogical innovation in Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and its role in fostering Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE). The aim is to synthesise existing research to understand how EC supports the development of ESE and addresses the knowing–doing gap in entrepreneurial practice. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy utilised the Scopus and Litmaps databases, identifying 548 records. After removing duplicates, 407 records were screened based on titles and abstracts, resulting in 96 studies in the final synthesis. Findings reveal that EC enhances ESE through reflective and experiential learning but highlight significant gaps, including limited longitudinal research, the need for scalable coaching models, and a lack of standardised evaluation frameworks. This study acknowledges its reliance on selected databases (Scopus and Litmaps) and the exclusion of non-English publications as limitations, which may have excluded the relevant literature. These findings emphasise the potential of EC to complement existing pedagogical approaches in EE while identifying critical areas for future research to establish its theoretical and practical contributions.
Path-Following Control Based on ALOS Guidance Law for USV
Authors: Li Yanping , Wan Junhe , Wang Xiaolei , Sun Zeqiang , Li Hui , Yu Zhen , Kou Lei , Li Junxiao , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

An adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) guidance law with drift angle compensation is proposed to achieve the path following of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) under the influence of ocean currents. The ALOS guidance law can calculate the desired heading of USV accurately. Compact Form Dynamic Linearization—Model-Free Adaptive Control (CFDL-MFAC) is used to control the heading. Firstly, the relationship between the path tracking error and the USV model is established. The look-ahead distance is designed as a function related to the tracking error and the speed. The sideslip angle is estimated online and compensated by using the reduced-order state observer. Finally, the heading is controlled using CFDL-MFAC, which is calculated by the ALOS guidance law. The simulation results demonstrate that satisfactory performance has been achieved of the ALOS by comparing the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE).
Advanced Technologies and Applications in Computer Science and Engineering
Authors: Nakov Ognyan , Lazarova Milena , Hinov Nikolay
Published: February 2025

This editorial article introduces the Special Issue entitled “Advanced Technologies and Applications in Computer Science and Engineering”, which highlights a diverse range of contemporary research and technological advancements in these fields. The issue features selected contributions that explore cutting-edge innovations, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, quantum computing, the Internet of Things, and big data analytics, emphasizing their transformative impact on industry, science, and society. The articles address both theoretical advancements and practical applications, showcasing novel approaches to solving complex computational and engineering problems. Special attention is given to the challenges associated with the integration and implementation of these emerging technologies, including scalability, security, and ethical considerations. The selected studies present innovative solutions in key areas such as robotics, network security, cloud computing, and data-driven decision-making, contributing to the development of efficient, intelligent, and sustainable technological solutions. By bringing together a multidisciplinary perspective, this Special Issue aims to foster collaboration among researchers, engineers, and industry professionals, ultimately advancing the frontiers of computer science and engineering.
Exploring Thematic Evolution in Interdisciplinary Forest Fire Prediction Research: A Latent Dirichlet Allocation–Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Model Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo
Published: February 2025

Facing the severe global wildfire challenge and the need for advanced prediction, this study analysed the evolving research in forest fire prediction using an LDA-BERT similarity model. Due to climate change, human activities, and natural factors, forest fires threaten ecosystems, society, and the climate system. The vast existing literature on forest fire prediction makes it challenging to identify research themes manually. The proposed LDA-BERT model combines LDA and BERT. LDA was used for topic mining, determining the optimal number of topics by calculating the semantic consistency. BERT was employed in word vector training, using topic word probabilities as weights. The cosine similarity algorithm and normalisation were used to measure the topic similarity. Through empirical research on 13,552 publications from 1980–2023 retrieved from the Web of Science database, several key themes were identified, such as “wildfire risk management”, “vegetation and habitat changes”, and “climate change and forests”. Research trends show a shift from macro-level to micro-level studies, with modern technologies becoming a focus. Multidimensional scaling revealed a hierarchical theme distribution, with themes closely related to forest fires being dominant. This research offers valuable insights for the scientific community and policymakers, facilitating understanding these changes and contributing to wildfire mitigation. However, it has limitations like subjectivity in theme-representative word selection and needs further improvement in threshold setting and model performance evaluation. Future research can optimise these aspects and integrate emerging technologies to enhance forest fire prediction research.
Violence Against Healthcare Workers in a University Hospital of Central Italy: How Risk Management Interventions Can Help Change a Trend
Authors: Bianco Lavinia , Oliva Stefania , Grassi Fabiano , Arena Jan Francesco , Aromatario Mariarosaria , Ferracuti Stefano , Abate Simona , Napoli Christian , Del Casale Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Violence against workers (physical, verbal, or psychological abuse), even if it affects all professional categories, is up to ten times higher in healthcare workers. A University Hospital of Central Italy has gradually implemented a series of preventive measures, which might have impacted the trend of the phenomenon. Methods: In order to monitor the episodes, an aggressive event reporting form was adopted throughout the hospital. Data extracted both from this form and the root cause analysis documentation regarding the period January 2019–December 2023 were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squares test, while the join point regression program was used to analyze the trends. Results: The average age of the sample is 43.5 years, with twice as many female workers as male workers. Nurses are more frequently involved (76.6%), and 58% of the events involved 2 to 4 HWs. Verbal violence was reported by 51.2% of HWs, and over 35% of them did not suffer any damage, while 25% suffered mild to moderate damage (illness, injury, or material harm, whether physical or psychological). The hospital divisions which are primarily concerned are the Psychiatry department (36.2%) and the Emergency Room (33.4%). There is no difference in hospital management of aggressive events between males and females. Join point regression analyses showed that there was a significant increase in the reporting of episodes of aggression. Conclusions: The presence of a strong culture of reporting among HWs guarantees a seemingly constant increase in the reporting of nonphysical forms of violence. The statistically significant differences found will allow hospital management to categorize the risk levels and act accordingly.
Effects of Pilates Training Combined with Fascial Massage on Upper Cross Syndrome in Office Workers
Authors: Jiang Liao , Thadanatthaphak Yada , Tudpor Kukiat
Published: February 2025

Objective: Upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is an abnormal upper extremity movement pattern characterized by muscle tightness in the neck, shoulders, and upper back, coupled with weakness in opposing muscle groups. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates training combined with fascial massage as an intervention in office workers with UCS. Methods: 34 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 17). The control group underwent 12 weeks of Pilates training, and the experimental group received 12 weeks of Pilates training combined with fascial massage. Body posture was assessed using the forward head angle (FHA) and forward shoulder angle (FSA), joint mobility was evaluated using cervical spine range of motion (ROM), muscle activity was assessed using surface electromyography (sEMG), and quality of life was evaluated using pain level (VAS) and cervical spine dysfunction index (NDI). Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the FHA, FSA, VAS, and NDI of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the pre-intervention group (p < 0.05) and significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05); the extension and left–right rotation cervical spine ROM of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the pre-intervention group (p < 0.05) and significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05); and sEMG indexes (mean power frequency and median frequency) of the upper trapezius and the pectoralis major in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the pre-intervention group (p < 0.05) and significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with Pilates training alone, Pilates training combined with fascial massage demonstrated a more significant effect in improving muscle activation, body posture, and pain and enhancing the quality of life for patients with UCS.
Nourishing Holistic Well-Being: The Role of Family Dynamics and Family Cooking
Authors: Chen Yen-Cheng , Lee Ching-Sung , Chiang Ming-Chen , Tsui Pei-Ling , Lan Bo-Kai , Chen Yi-Jie
Published: February 2025

Background: Family interactions play a pivotal role in shaping well-being across physical, psychological, and social domains. While substantial research has focused on the nutritional and physical health benefits of family meals, the impact of shared cooking and dining practices on psychological flourishing and overall family well-being remains underexplored. Objectives: This study examines the relationships among family function, shared culinary practices, psychological flourishing, and family well-being, with particular emphasis on the mediating and moderating roles of psychological flourishing. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 461 participants from Chinese families with diverse family structures in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, as well as mediation and moderation analyses, to assess the interrelationships between family function, shared cooking and dining practices, and family well-being. Results: The findings indicate that family function significantly enhances psychological flourishing, which, in turn, mediates the association between family function and family well-being. Furthermore, shared cooking and dining practices were found to positively influence family well-being, underscoring their critical role in strengthening emotional bonds, fostering communication, and improving family cohesion. Conclusions: This study contributes to family nursing science and positive psychology by highlighting shared cooking and dining practices as effective interventions for enhancing family well-being. By incorporating the concept of psychological flourishing, this research expands our understanding of how family dynamics and shared culinary activities contribute to emotional resilience and life satisfaction. Implications: Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, future research should employ longitudinal designs to explore causal relationships and the long-term effects of family interactions on well-being. Practical recommendations include the promotion of family-centered nutrition education programs and the development of public policies that encourage shared family meals as a strategy to enhance both emotional health and physical well-being.
Examining the Impact of Food Security and Accessibility to Healthcare Services on Chronic Disease Risk Among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Rizwanur , Afrouse Fatema , Pulak Md. Saiduzzaman , Karim Md. Rabiul , Haque Mehjabin , Ali Mohammad Afshar
Published: February 2025

Background: Food security and access to healthcare are crucial determinants of health, but their impact on chronic disease risk among forcibly displaced populations is understudied. This study delves into the relationship between food security, accessibility to healthcare services, and chronic disease risk among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Methods: Drawing from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, this research investigates how the availability of food, accessibility to healthcare facilities, and utilization of services impact the likelihood of chronic diseases within this marginalized population. Using a cross-sectional survey collated from the UNHCR 2020 Joint Multi-Sector Needs Assessment survey, we deployed a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between food security, healthcare proximity, chronic disease, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Food security significantly decreased the risk of chronic diseases (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.98). Living far from healthcare facilities increased the risk (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.54). Conclusion: This study’s findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing food security and improving healthcare accessibility to alleviate the burden of chronic diseases among Rohingya refugees. By identifying key social determinants and barriers to healthcare access, this research equips policymakers with evidence-based strategies to design targeted interventions that improve nutrition, healthcare delivery, and chronic disease management for displaced populations.
DEM Generation Incorporating River Channels in Data-Scarce Contexts: The “Fluvial Domain Method”
Authors: Villanueva Jairo R. Escobar , Pérez-Montiel Jhonny I. , Nardini Andrea Gianni Cristoforo
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel methodology to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in flat areas, incorporating river channels from relatively coarse initial data. The technique primarily utilizes filtered dense point clouds derived from SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion-Multi-View Stereo) photogrammetry of available crewed aerial imagery datasets. The methodology operates under the assumption that the aerial survey was carried out during low-flow or drought conditions so that the dry (or almost dry) riverbed is detected, although in an imprecise way. Direct interpolation of the detected elevation points yields unacceptable river channel bottom profiles (often exhibiting unrealistic artifacts) and even distorts the floodplain. In our Fluvial Domain Method, channel bottoms are represented like “highways”, perhaps overlooking their (unknown) detailed morphology but gaining in general topographic consistency. For instance, we observed an 11.7% discrepancy in the river channel long profile (with respect to the measured cross-sections) and a 0.38 m RMSE in the floodplain (with respect to the GNSS-RTK measurements). Unlike conventional methods that utilize active sensors (satellite and airborne LiDAR) or classic topographic surveys—each with precision, cost, or labor limitations—the proposed approach offers a more accessible, cost-effective, and flexible solution that is particularly well suited to cases with scarce base information and financial resources. However, the method’s performance is inherently limited by the quality of input data and the simplification of complex channel morphologies; it is most suitable for cases where high-resolution geomorphological detail is not critical or where direct data acquisition is not feasible. The resulting DEM, incorporating a generalized channel representation, is well suited for flood hazard modeling. A case study of the Ranchería river delta in the Northern Colombian Caribbean demonstrates the methodology.
Perceptions of and Responses to Wildfire Smoke Among New York State Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Barrera Erandy I. , Hayden Alistair , Meredith Genevive , Noel Corinna A.
Published: February 2025

Exposure to wildfire smoke (WFS) is associated with detrimental physical and mental health. Periods of sustained WFS are predicted to increase with climate change, affecting populations globally. Using a retrospective cross-sectional study, we assessed perceptions of and responses to WFS in a cohort of New York State (NYS) residents in Summer 2023. Data were collected using an online survey from October to November 2023. Descriptive statistics summarized respondent experiences, while exploratory analyses identified high-risk populations using chi-square and t-tests. Our sample consisted of 609 primarily healthy, white, and well-educated individuals who spent most of their time in NYS during Summer 2023. Of the 99% that reported experiencing WFS, 92% received and 91% sought out WFS-related air quality information. While only 25% reported a WFS-related illness, 87% experienced at least one symptom with WFS, frequently citing watery eyes (63%), irritated throat (50%), and headaches (49%), with women reporting symptoms more frequently than men (89.1% vs. 81.6%; p = 0.034). A majority (93%) reported taking mitigation actions, including avoiding outdoor activities (75%) and wearing masks (54%). Our results highlight widespread impacts of wildfires in NYS during Summer 2023, with nearly all respondents reporting sustained periods of WFS. Most reported at least one adverse health symptom despite taking preventative measures, indicating that current protective strategies may be insufficient and more effective interventions are needed.
RETRACTED: Ma et al. MiR-122 Induces Radiosensitization in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 22137–22150
Authors: Ma Debin , Jia Hui , Qin Mengmeng , Dai Wenjie , Wang Tao , Liang Erguang , Dong Guofu , Wang Zuojun , Zhang Zhiyuan , Feng Fan
Published: February 2025

The Journal retracts the article “MiR-122 Induces Radiosensitization in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line” [...]
Expression of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Early Oxidative DNA Damage in Aging Rat Brain—The Effects of Memantine
Authors: Lewandowska Małgorzata Anna , Różycka Agata , Grzelak Teresa , Kempisty Bartosz , Jagodziński Paweł Piotr , Lianeri Margarita , Dorszewska Jolanta
Published: February 2025

Aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the dysfunction or loss of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and these changes may be related to other senescence markers, such as oxidative stress and DNA repair dysfunction. However, the mechanism of nAChR loss in the aging brain and the modification of this process by drugs (e.g., memantine, Mem) are not yet fully understood. To study whether the differences in nAChR expression in the rat brain occur due to aging or oxidative stress and are modulated by Mem, we analyzed nAChR subunits (at RNA and protein levels) and other biomarkers by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and Western blot validation. Twenty-one female Wistar rats were divided into four groups, depending on age, and the oldest group received injections of Mem or water with the use of intragastric catheters. We studied the cerebral grey matter (CGM), subcortical white matter (SCWM), and cerebellum (Ce). Results showed an age-related decrease of α7 nAChR mRNA level in SCWM. The α7 nAChR mRNA loss was accompanied by reduced expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and an increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) level. In the water group, we observed a higher level of α7 nAChR protein in the SCWM and Ce. Biomarker levels changed, but to a different extent depending on the brain area. Importantly, the dysfunction in antioxidative status was stopped and even regressed under Mem treatment. After two weeks of treatment, an increase in TP53 protein level and a decrease in 8-oxo-2′deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-2′dG) level were observed. We conclude that Mem administration may be protective against the senescence process by antioxidative mechanisms.