bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of OnabotulintoxinA on Habituation of Laser Evoked Responses in Chronic Migraine
Authors: De Tommaso Marina , Delussi Marianna , Ricci Katia , Montemurno Anna , Carbone Irene , Vecchio Eleonora
Published: May 2016

Onabotulintoxin A (BontA) is an efficacious preventive treatment for chronic migraine, though the specific mechanism of action is still under discussion. The study aims: (1) To evaluate pain processing modifications in chronic migraine patients (CM) under single BontA administration in pericranial muscles, by means of CO2 Laser Evoked Potentials (LEPs) obtained by the stimulation of the skin over the right frontal and trapezius injection sites and hand dorsum, in a double blind placebo controlled crossover design. (2) To correlate main LEPs findings with clinical outcome after one year of BontA treatment. Twenty refractory CM patients were included in the analysis. The LEPs were recorded in basal conditions and seven days after BontA (PREEMPT protocol) and saline solution injection. The N1, N2 and P2 amplitude and latencies and N2P2 habituation index were evaluated and correlated with the percent change of headache frequency after one year of toxin treatment. After seven days of BontA treatment, a normalization of the trigeminal habituation index was observed, which was correlated with the clinical outcome after one year of BontA therapy. Patients displaying trigeminal LEPs facilitation at T0 time showed a more efficient therapeutic outcome. Neurotoxin may exert a modulating effect on trigeminal nociception, normalizing central neurotransmission.
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Le Sage Valerie , Cinti Alessandro , Amorim Raquel , Mouland Andrew
Published: May 2016

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of gene expression, translation and various metabolic processes. Multiple extracellular (growth factors) and intracellular (energy status) molecular signals as well as a variety of stressors are integrated into the mTOR pathway. Viral infection is a significant stress that can activate, reduce or even suppress the mTOR signaling pathway. Consequently, viruses have evolved a plethora of different mechanisms to attack and co-opt the mTOR pathway in order to make the host cell a hospitable environment for replication. A more comprehensive knowledge of different viral interactions may provide fruitful targets for new antiviral drugs.
Impact of Cascaded Reservoirs Group on Flow Regime in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Duan Weixin , Guo Shenglian , Wang Jun , Liu Dedi
Published: May 2016

A large number of reservoirs have been built in the Yangtze River basin in the last few decades, the operation of which inevitably impacts on natural runoff. It is important to quantify the impacts of a cascade reservoir group operation on the hydrological regime in the downstream Yangtze River. The indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA), range of variability approach (RVA), and Dundee hydrological regime assessment (DHRA) methods, which are based on five essential characteristics, i.e., magnitude, time, frequency, retardation, and rates of change, have been widely used to quantitatively analyze variation in the hydrological regime before and after the dam construction. The observed flow series at Yichang and Datong hydrological stations, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, respectively, are divided into pre- and post-dam construction periods by the Mann-Kendall (MK) rank correlation method. The results of the MK test reveal that the annual minimum discharge at Yichang Station has significantly changed since 2000. The analysis results of the IHA, RVA, and DHAR methods show that the hydrologic regime changed moderately after 1999 and is close to severe change after 2008 at Yichang station; and changed slightly after 1999 (the post-dam construction period) and moderately after 2008 at Datong station. A new typical year assessment method that can avoid the requirement for a long data series was proposed and compared with the RVA and DHAR methods. The results indicate that the hydrologic regime severely changed at Yichang station and moderately changed at Datong in 2014, which is consistent with the results of the above methods. This study further demonstrates that the changes are mainly reflected in the factors related to low flow such as mean discharge from January to March, minimum discharge, frequency and duration of low pulse, and so on. It is expected that further hydrological alterations will occur as the number of large cascade reservoirs constructed and operated in the Yangtze River basin increases.
Water Related Health Problems in Central Asia—A Review
Authors: Bekturganov Zakir , Tussupova Kamshat , Berndtsson Ronny , Sharapatova Nagima , Aryngazin Kapar , Zhanasova Maral
Published: May 2016

The present paper provides an extensive literature review on water related health issues in Central Asia. Even though the per capita amount of available freshwater is substantial in all Central Asian states the uneven distribution in time and space creates problems for water availability. Due to this, the Central Asian economies are developing under increasing water deficiency. The degradation of water supply systems and sewage treatment plants is often severe leading to potentially high water loss rates and inadequate accessibility to safe water supply. In this context, rural areas are the most affected. Low tariffs in combination with absent metering and low collection rates for water fees mean that operation and maintenance costs for basic services of water supply and sanitation are not covered. Unsafe water supply contains both microbiological and non-microbiological contaminants. Helminthiasis and intestinal protozoa infections are of considerable public health importance in Central Asia. Agricultural and industrial pollution is especially affecting downstream areas of Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. In large areas copper, zinc, and chromium concentrations in water exceed maximum permissible concentration. Thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen the environmental monitoring system. Small-scale water supply and sanitation systems need to be developed in line with more efficient public spending on these.
Spatiotemporal Impacts of Climate, Land Cover Change and Direct Human Activities on Runoff Variations in the Wei River Basin, China
Authors: Li Yunyun , Chang Jianxia , Wang Yimin , Jin Wenting , Guo Aijun
Published: May 2016

Previous studies that quantified variations in runoff have mainly focused on the combined impacts of climate and human activities or climate and land cover change. Few have separated land cover change from human activities, which is critical for effective management of water resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of changing environmental conditions on runoff using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model; we examined three categories: climate, land cover change and direct human activities. The study area was the Wei River Basin, a typical arid to semi-arid basin that was divided into five sub-zones (UZ, MZ, DZ, JZ and BZ). Our results showed the following: (1) the calibrated SWAT model produced satisfactory monthly flow processes over the baseline period from 1978 to 1986; (2) compared to the baseline period, the impact of climatic variations decreased and the impact of direct human activities increased from the 1990s to the 2000s, while the impact of land cover change was generally stable; and (3) climatic variations were the main cause of runoff declines over the entire basin during the 1990s and in the UZ, MZ and JZ areas during the 2000s, while direct human activities were most important in the DZ and BZ areas during the 2000s.
Evaluation of TRMM 3B43 Precipitation Data for Drought Monitoring in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Tao Hui , Fischer Thomas , Zeng Yan , Fraedrich Klaus
Published: May 2016

Satellite-based precipitation monitoring at high spatial resolution is crucial for assessing the water and energy cycles at the global and regional scale. Based on the recently released 7th version of the Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the monthly precipitation data (3B43) are evaluated using observed monthly precipitation from 65 meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province, China, for the period 1998–2014. Additionally, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), which is derived by a nonparametric approach, is employed to investigate the suitability of the TRMM 3B43 precipitation data for drought monitoring in Jiangsu Province. The temporal correlations between observations and the TRMM 3B43 precipitation data show, in general, reasonable agreement for different time scales. However, in summer, only 50% of the stations present correlation coefficients that are statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The overall best agreement of TRMM 3B43 precipitation data at seasonal scale tends to occur in autumn (SON). The comparative analysis of the calculated SPI time series suggests that the accuracy of TRMM3B43 decreases with increasing time scale. Stations with significant correlation coefficients also become less spatially homogeneous with increasing time scale. In summary, the findings demonstrate that TRMM 3B43 precipitation data can be used for reliable short-term drought monitoring in Jiangsu province, while temporal-spatial limitations exist for longer time scales.
Homère περιρρηδής “en s’affaissant” : composé sigmatique à dérivation indirecte
Authors: Blanc Alain
Published: May 2016

Jusqu’à présent, l’adjectif sigmatique περιρρηδής, attesté dès l’Odyssée, n’a pas reçu d’étymologie convaincante. Nous démontrons que son sens n’est pas « en s’étalant, en s’étendant » , mais « en tombant autour » , d’où « en tombant contre » . Il correspond de façon étroite au second sens du verbe περιρρέω (a « couler autour de » ; b « tomber autour de, tomber contre » ). Pour comprendre la relation qui unit ces deux formes, il faut faire le détour par l’adverbe περιρρήδην (Apollonios de Rhodes, hapax) ; dérivé de la racine qui apparaît dans l’aoriste περιρρυῆναι, cet adverbe a été adjectivé en περιρρηδής.
Les minerais, le marbre et le vin. Aux sources de la prospérité thasienne
Authors: Muller Arthur
Published: May 2016

Assessment of thirty years of researches in the thasian chôra and of studies on the main resources of the city of Thassos. The textual, epigraphic and literary sources, henceforth combined with the new revealed archaeological evidence, characterize an economy based on three main sectors : metals, marble and wine. At different moments of its history, Thassos pulled from these the greatest part of her income, even if the modalities of her control remains mostly unknown. 1
La céramique au quotidien à Thasos de l’époque archaïque à l’époque protobyzantine
Authors: Blondé Francine , Gros Jean-Sébastien , Pétridis Platon
Published: May 2016

Associant les outils méthodologiques de l’historien de l’art à ceux de l’archéologue, des générations de céramologues tentent à faire revivre la vie quotidienne sur l’île de Thasos à partir de la céramique. L’article tend à présenter très sommairement, l’approche actuelle de l’ensemble de la céramique datant de la période archaïque à la période protobyzantine, découverte et étudiée à Thasos depuis le début des fouilles françaises.
Cent ans d’épigraphie à Thasos (1911-2011)
Authors: Fournier Julien , Hamon Patrice , Trippé Natacha
Published: May 2016

This paper focuses on the history of epigraphic exploration at Thasos, from the edition of a first corpus in 1909 to the most recent excavations led by the French School at Athens, paying special attention to the inscriptions’ main places of discovery (sanctuaries, agora, necropolis). It expounds the editorial principles of a new corpus : more than one thousand Greek inscriptions will be gathered in several volumes, chronologically arranged and by categories of document. For example, the study of the formation of Roman imperial cult in the Julio-Claudian era illustrates some of historical gains we can expect from the gathering of an epigraphic material which up to then was spred in many books and articles.
Offrandes et dédicants dans les sanctuaires de Thasos
Authors: Prêtre Clarisse
Published: May 2016

It’s here about an outline of the reflexions carried out on the votive objects of Thasos since many decades by the French School of Athens. If certain types of offerings hardly present a local particularism and can be replaced in a broader dedicatory context concerning the whole sanctuaries of the Greek world, some others authorize to speak about Thasian workshops, for the ceramic or the terracotta figurines for example. The Thasian specificity of some offerings goes even beyond creation and production∞∞ : it allows to release new facets for divinities, like Artemis for example, who, thanks to the new interpretation of her offerings, gives up the simple role of protective and positive goddess of the women to cover a darker dimension characteristic of Hecate.
La nouvelle exposition permanente du Musée de Thasos
Authors: Malamidou Dimitra
Published: May 2016

The Archaeological Museum of Thassos, first built in 1935, the oldest museum in northern Greece, acquired a new wing during 1989-1999, funded by the Archaeological Receipts Fund and the European Union. The new permanent exhibition was materialized during 2003-2009, with funding by the Third European Community Support Framework. Today, the Museum covers 2.376 m2 with fully renovated exhibition galleries, conservation workshops, rooms for study and storage. Due to its central position in the modern capital of the island, next to the ancient Agora, the Museum meets the demands of a wide spectrum of visitors by shedding light on the historical role of the island from the prehistoric to the byzantine years. It provides a complete picture of the facets of life in the ancient city-state of Thassos, a thriving ancient Greek city.
Les communautés grecques dans les cités africaines: les cas de Carthage, Cirta, Thuburnica
Authors: Coltelloni-Trannoy Michèle
Published: May 2016

The documentation about Hellenophones’ communities located in Africa is very limited, in particular documents providing information on their conditions of integration into African cities. Two literary passages (Diodoros of Sicilia, XIV, 77, 5 and Strabon, XVII, 3, 13) and a little inscription found in Baal-Hamon/ Saturn sanctuary close to Thuburnica (CIL, VIII, 25736) describe juridical and religious conditions which frame the welcome for Greek immigrants in Cartago, Cirta and Thuburnica from the 4th to the 1st centuries B. C.
Measuring the impact of lean construction practices on project duration and variability: A simulation-based study on residential buildings
Authors: EROL Huseyin , DIKMEN Irem , BIRGONUL Talat
Published: May 2016

Performance of the construction projects have been criticized for many years due to their low productivity rates and cost overruns as well as significant delays. Increasing number of dissatisfied customers compel practitioners to reform conventional practices of construction management. Lean construction has emerged as a result of these efforts in the industry. However, there are limited number of studies that demonstrate the practical benefits of lean construction applications. The aim of this paper is to untangle practical applications of lean construction and to reveal their benefits. A methodology was developed to compare the lean and non-lean scenarios of a residential building project by means of Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation models were generated through regular meetings held with construction planning experts. Research findings demonstrate that application of lean construction principles have a potential to improve the performance of projects by reducing both the total project duration and its expected variation. In addition, the study re­vealed that utilization of practical lean construction principles may result in a considerable amount of time reduction in wall construction and plastering activities of residential building projects. Although the findings of this study cannot be generalized, they are expected to encourage practitioners to adopt lean construction principles.
STARSPOTS ON WASP-85
Authors: Močnik T. , Clark B. J. M. , Anderson D. R. , Hellier C. , Brown D. J. A.
Published: May 2016

By analyzing K2 short-cadence observations, we detect starspots on WASP-85A, the host star of the hot Jupiter WASP-85Ab. The detection of recurring starspot occultation events indicates that the planet’s orbit is aligned with the star’s rotational axis (

λ
<
14
°

) and suggests a stellar rotational period of 15.1 ± 0.6 days. The K2 light curve reveals a rotational modulation with a period of 13.6 ± 1.6 days, which is consistent with the period determined from starspots. There are no significant transit-timing variations, and thus no evidence of any additional planet in the system. Given the pronounced rotational modulation, we are only able to place an upper limit of 100 parts per million for any phase-curve modulations and the secondary eclipse.
A PARALLAX-BASED DISTANCE ESTIMATOR FOR SPIRAL ARM SOURCES
Authors: Reid M. J. , Dame T. M. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A.
Published: May 2016

The spiral arms of the Milky Way are being accurately located for the first time via trigonometric parallaxes of massive star-forming regions with the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey, using the Very Long Baseline Array and the European VLBI Network, and with the Japanese VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry project. Here we describe a computer program that leverages these results to significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of distance estimates to other sources that are known to follow spiral structure. Using a Bayesian approach, sources are assigned to arms based on their (l, b, v) coordinates with respect to arm signatures seen in CO and H i surveys. A source's kinematic distance, displacement from the plane, and proximity to individual parallax sources are also considered in generating a full distance probability density function. Using this program to estimate distances to large numbers of star-forming regions, we generate a realistic visualization of the Milky Way's spiral structure as seen from the northern hemisphere.
GLOBAL MHD SIMULATIONS OF ACCRETION DISKS IN CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES. I. THE IMPORTANCE OF SPIRAL SHOCKS
Authors: Ju Wenhua , Stone James M. , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: May 2016

We present results from the first global 3D MHD simulations of accretion disks in cataclysmic variable (CV) systems in order to investigate the relative importance of angular momentum transport via turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) compared with that driven by spiral shock waves. Remarkably, we find that even with vigorous MRI turbulence, spiral shocks are an important component of the overall angular momentum budget, at least when temperatures in the disk are high (so that Mach numbers are low). In order to understand the excitation, propagation, and damping of spiral density waves in our simulations more carefully, we perform a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with various equation of states, both with and without mass inflow via the Lagrangian point (L1). Compared with previous similar studies, we find the following new results. (1) The linear wave dispersion relation fits the pitch angles of spiral density waves very well. (2) We demonstrate explicitly that mass accretion is driven by the deposition of negative angular momentum carried by the waves when they dissipate in shocks. (3) Using Reynolds stress scaled by gas pressure to represent the effective angular momentum transport rate

is not accurate when mass accretion is driven by non-axisymmetric shocks. (4) Using the mass accretion rate measured in our simulations to directly measure α defined in standard thin-disk theory, we find

for CV disks, consistent with observed values in quiescent states of dwarf novae. In this regime, the disk may be too cool and neutral for the MRI to operate and spiral shocks are a possible accretion mechanism. However, we caution that our simulations use unrealistically low Mach numbers in this regime and, therefore, future models with more realistic thermodynamics and non-ideal MHD are warranted.
THE INSTABILITY AND NON-EXISTENCE OF MULTI-STRANDED LOOPS WHEN DRIVEN BY TRANSVERSE WAVES
Authors: Magyar N. , Van Doorsselaere T.
Published: May 2016

In recent years, omni-present transverse waves have been observed in all layers of the solar atmosphere. Coronal loops are often modeled as a collection of individual strands in order to explain their thermal behavior and appearance. We perform three-dimensional (3D) ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to study the effect of a continuous small amplitude transverse footpoint driving on the internal structure of a coronal loop composed of strands. The output is also converted into synthetic images, corresponding to the AIA 171 and 193 Å passbands, using FoMo. We show that the multi-stranded loop ceases to exist in the traditional sense of the word, because the plasma is efficiently mixed perpendicularly to the magnetic field, with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability acting as the main mechanism. The final product of our simulation is a mixed loop with density structures on a large range of scales, resembling a power-law. Thus, multi-stranded loops are unstable to driving by transverse waves, and this raises strong doubts on the usability and applicability of coronal loop models consisting of independent strands.
THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF H2 AND CO IN TW HYA AS REVEALED BY RESOLVED ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF CO ISOTOPOLOGUES
Authors: Schwarz Kamber R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Blake Geoffrey A. , Zhang Ke , Öberg Karin I. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Qi Chunhua
Published: May 2016

CO is widely used as a tracer of molecular gas. However, there is now mounting evidence that gas phase carbon is depleted in the disk around TW Hya. Previous efforts to quantify this depletion have been hampered by uncertainties regarding the radial thermal structure in the disk. Here we present resolved ALMA observations of 13CO 3-2, C18O 3-2, 13CO 6-5, and C18O 6-5 emission in TW Hya, which allow us to derive radial gas temperature and gas surface density profiles, as well as map the CO abundance as a function of radius. These observations provide a measurement of the surface CO snowline at ∼30 AU and show evidence for an outer ring of CO emission centered at 53 AU, a feature previously seen only in less abundant species. Further, the derived CO gas temperature profile constrains the freeze out temperature of CO in the warm molecular layer to

<
21

K. Combined with the previous detection of HD 1-0, these data constrain the surface density of the warm H2 gas in the inner ∼30 AU such that

Σ

warm

gas

=

4.7

−
2.9

+
3.0

g

cm

−
2

(

R

/

10

au

)

−
1

/

2

. We find that CO is depleted by two orders of magnitude from

R
=
10
–
60

AU

, with the small amount of CO returning to the gas phase inside the surface CO snowline insufficient to explain the overall depletion. Finally, this new data is used in conjunction with previous modeling of the TW Hya disk to constrain the midplane CO snowline to 17–23 AU.
Entre salubrité, conservation et goût : définir le « bon vin » en France (1560-1820)
Authors: Musset Benoît
Published: May 2016

Cet article montre les changements dans la définition de la qualité des vins en France, du xvi e   siècle au début du xix e   siècle, considérant le goût comme une construction sociale influencée par différents facteurs (culturels, sociaux, économiques). Au xvi e   siècle, la définition du bon vin repose largement sur des critères médicaux hérités de l’Antiquité, fondés sur la théorie des humeurs. Le vin est un facteur de bonne santé, en fonction de ses caractéristiques : couleur, âge, consistance, goût, origine... Chaque individu ayant des besoins différents, cette trame qualitative ne génère pas de hiérarchie très nette entre les vins. À partir du milieu du xvii e   siècle, le critère du goût est mis en valeur, détaché des éléments médicaux. Le bon vin doit avoir un goût fin, une couleur délicate, des arômes secondaires (fleurs, fruits), que l’homme distingué doit connaître et apprécier. Certains vins sont réputés posséder ces qualités, et leur consommation devient socialement obligatoire : Champagne, Bourgogne, puis Bordeaux. Une hiérarchie stricte fondée sur le goût apparaît au xviii e   siècle entre les vignobles, et aussi entre les crus. Cette hiérarchie donne naissance à un classement fermé, dont les classes correspondent aux catégories sociales. La qualité devient donc mesurable, transparente. En 1816, André Jullien dresse un classement des vins de France, à partir d’une démarche presque mécanique fondée sur un goût considéré comme objectif et absolu.
Historiographie politique : les historiens italiens et la France ( xix e - xx e siècles)
Authors: Attal Frédéric , Leymarie Michel
Published: May 2016

Les différences d’approche entre l’historiographie française et l’historiographie italienne, en raison d’une conception parfois dissemblable de l’histoire politique, ne sauraient cacher des centres d’intérêt communs – notamment les acteurs et les cultures politiques – voire des jeux de miroir qui concernent aussi bien la question centrale du fascisme et de l’extrême droite que celle des deux Républiques sœurs nées de façon contemporaine en 1946. Les articles qui suivent témoignent de ces divergences et convergences et contribuent à enrichir encore l’histoire politique elle-même.
Advancing Health Equity Through Student Empowerment and Professional Success: A Statewide Approach
Authors: Noone Joanne , Wros Peggy , Cortez David , Najjar Rana , Magdaleno Leela
Published: May 2016

Background:

A lack of diversity in the nursing workforce nationally has been identified by Oregon state leaders as a factor contributing to health inequity.

Method:

The goal of Advancing Health Equity Through Student Empowerment and Professional Success (HealthE STEPS) is to graduate nursing students from disadvantaged backgrounds to improve health equity within their communities. A comprehensive plan of evidence-based strategies was developed based on social determinants of health and addresses academic socialization, learning support, financial resources, networking, curriculum development, and campus culture.

Results:

Ninety undergraduate nursing students participated in the program during a 2-year period. Retention of participants was 97% with graduation rates of 94%. First-time licensure pass rates were 82% and 96% of participating graduates employed in a medically underserved community.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive innovative program of evidence-based strategies addresses health equity by developing a diverse nursing workforce to practice in medically underserved communities. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):316–322.]
A New Surgical Treatment Option for Chronic Total Oculomotor Nerve Palsy: A Modified Technique for Medial Transposition of Split Lateral Rectus Muscle
Authors: Erbagci Ibrahim , Öner Veysi , Coskun Erol , Okumus Seydi
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To describe a new surgical modified procedure in patients with chronic total oculomotor nerve palsy and to evaluate the results of this procedure.

Methods:

Eight eyes of 6 consecutive patients who underwent strabismus surgery due to chronic total oculomotor nerve palsy were enrolled in the study. The lateral rectus muscle was split into two halves and disinserted from the sclera. The upper half of the muscle was passed under the superior rectus muscle and the inferior half of the muscle was passed under the inferior rectus muscle. The two halves of the muscle were moved to the medial rectus muscle insertion area and were sutured to sclera near the insertion. Additional medial rectus resections were made in the undercorrected patients.

Results:

The mean age was 21.8 ± 12.1 years (range: 11 to 42 years). Postoperatively, 4 of 6 patients had stable horizontal deviations; 1 had orthophoria, 2 had 10 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia, and 1 had 10 PD of esotropia. However, 2 cases had 25 and 30 PD of undercorrection. Additional medial rectus resections were made in these undercorrected patients and horizontal deviations reduced to 15 and 20 PD of exotropia, respectively. The mean primary position horizontal deviation, which was 74.1 ± 10.2 PD before the surgeries, reduced to 10.8 ± 6.6 PD after the surgeries (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:

The authors described a new and relatively simple modified surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic total ocular nerve palsy and reached satisfactory outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):150–154.]
The Degree of Anisocoria in Pediatric Patients With Horner Syndrome When Compared to Children Without Disease
Authors: Suh Sarah H. , Suh Donny W. , Benson Christy
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To study the magnitude of anisocoria in pediatric patients using the plusoptiX A08 (plusoptiX GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany) photoscreener as compared to a literature review of pediatric patients with known Horner syndrome to determine if anisocoria alone should raise suspicion for the diagnosis.

Methods:

The medical records of 592 consecutive patients, neonates to 9 years old, were collected and analyzed. All patients had complete ophthalmic examinations that included photoscreening with the plusoptiX A08. Data included age, pupil sizes, and anisocoria. A complete literature search of documented pupillary size in pediatric patients with the diagnosis of Horner syndrome was performed. This was then compared to the normative pediatric pupil data from the study.

Results:

Of the 592 children without Horner syndrome, 372 had an anisocoria of 0.1 to 0.5 mm (62.84%), 167 had an anisocoria of 0.6 to 1.2 mm (28.16%), and 21 had an anisocoria of 1.3 mm or greater (3.70%). There was no correlation between increasing age and severity of anisocoria (
P
= .55). For pediatric patients with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome, the average level of anisocoria was 1.37 mm in room light and 2 mm in darkness. In room light, three children had anisocoria of 0.1 to 0.5 mm (9.4%), 14 had anisocoria of 0.6 to 1.2 mm (43.8%), and 15 had anisocoria of 1.3 mm or greater (46.9%). In darkness, the level of anisocoria increased in 19 patients, causing the first category, 0.1 to 0.5 mm, to include 1 patient (3.1%), the second group to include 5 patients (15.6%), and the last group to include 26 patients (81.3%). Other associated signs/symptoms included ptosis (100%), heterochromia (28.1%), anhidrosis (9.4%), straight hair on affected/curly on unaffected side (9.4%), and neck mass (6.3%). In 37.5% of cases, imaging results were negative and no specific etiology was determined.

Conclusions:

In a study of 592 children without Horner syndrome, the average pupillary size increased with age, but the degree of anisocoria remained stable with increasing age. Over half of the children studied had anisocoria up to 0.5 mm (62.84%), but rarely had anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm (3.70%). In children with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome, the majority had anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm, with the discrepancy in pupil size becoming more apparent in low levels of light intensity. Anisocoria greater than 1.3 mm is unlikely to be physiologic in a child; therefore, he or she should be carefully evaluated for other localizing signs, such as ptosis, anhidrosis, and neck mass.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):186–189.]
The role of gesture duration in the initial unstressed vowel shift in Galician. A first approximation
Authors: Aguete Cajiao Alba
Published: May 2016

This study examines a change in the Galician vowel system. This change has been described as the phonologization of the distinction between low‑mid-low and mid-high vowels of Galician in unstressed pretonic position. The principal aim of this study is to test whether this distinction can be triggered by the longer duration of those initial vowels, favoured by the structure of the syllable and by the initial prosodic position. To verify this hypothesis, an articulatory simulation study with TADA and an acoustic study with native speakers of Galician were carried out. Since there are no studies in which the unstressed (neither initial nor medial) vowel system of Galician is examined in terms of acoustical properties, the first step was to determine whether it differs from the stressed vowel system and whether there is an acoustical opposition between mid-low and mid-high vowels in initial position. The results showed that there are significant differences between vowels in unstressed syllable and vowels in stressed syllable and also between the unstressed initial vowels /e/ and /ɛ/, and /o/ and /ɔ/. A linear relation between duration of the gesture and degree of distance between /o/ and /ɔ/ and between /e/ and /ɛ/ was found in the simulation study with TADA, and a significant relation between duration and height was found for /ɔ/ in the acoustic study.
Titulación automática de preguntas en encuestas electorales
Authors: Gallardo Carolina , Cardeñosa Jesús
Published: May 2016

Este artículo describe el trabajo realizado para la generación automática de los títulos de las preguntas pertenecientes a las encuestas de opinión que existen en las bases de datos del CIS (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas). Dentro del contexto del CIS, el título de una pregunta debe cumplir dos requisitos: desde el punto de vista de la forma, debe ser gramaticalmente correcto y tener un estilo similar a los ya existentes; y, desde el punto de vista del contenido, debe albergar el tema de la pregunta y las distintas categorías de respuesta. Estas restricciones en cuanto a la forma y al contenido de los títulos desaconsejan el uso de técnicas empleadas en problemas similares, como el resumen automático o aprendizaje automático con corpus de entrenamiento, a favor de una metodología basada en el análisis y conocimiento del dominio. Para ilustrar el análisis y la estrategia de resolución del problema seguidos, hemos seleccionado las preguntas relacionadas con temas electorales, debido a la importancia estratégica y a la especialización del CIS en este tipo de encuestas. Se describe en detalle el procedimiento seguido y la evaluación de los resultados, valorando tanto los aspectos cualitativos como los cuantitativos. La evaluación muestra que el 88,73% de los títulos generados cumplen estrictamente con los requisitos de forma y contenido impuestos por el CIS, lo que supone un ahorro en el trabajo manual del personal cualificado de la institución.
Aproximación experimental al uso de métricas objetivas para la estimación de calidad cromática en la digitalización de patrimonio documental gráfico
Authors: Robledano-Arillo Jesús , Moreno-Pelayo Valentín , Pereira-Uzal José Manuel
Published: May 2016

Se abordan de una forma crítica diferentes aproximaciones aplicables para la realización de modelos de sistemas de control de calidad automatizado de imágenes digitales en proyectos de digitalización de fondos fotográficos con valor histórico-cultural. Tras la realización de un experimento psicométrico con cuatro expertos humanos se concluye que no es posible utilizar con un buen rendimiento los modelos simplistas de uso común basados en rangos de aceptación continuos sobre mediciones de color tomadas de forma aislada. Nuestra investigación demuestra que un modelo basado en un sistema de reglas obtenidas por aprendizaje automático que emplee las métricas CIE 1976 o CIEDE 2000, junto con los atributos perceptuales de color matiz, saturación y luminosidad, emula a los expertos humanos en calidad de imagen con un alto grado de eficacia, por encima del 85%.
Propuesta conceptual de un modelo de gestión de contenidos y del conocimiento en la empresa radiofónica
Authors: Rodríguez-Pallares Miriam
Published: May 2016

El objeto de este trabajo es presentar un modelo teórico-conceptual de gestión de contenidos y del conocimiento en el entorno radiofónico español, desde una perspectiva transversal e integradora y de acuerdo a la teoría de la inteligencia organizacional. Este artículo surge a partir de un trabajo de campo en el que se analizaron los modelos de gestión de contenidos y del conocimiento de las principales marcas radiofónicas en España y cuya base epistemológica se basó en métodos cualitativos-cuantitativos (entrevistas en profundidad, observación directa, encuestas…). A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se percibe una infraexplotación de los servicios de gestión de contenidos y la inexistencia de políticas de gestión del conocimiento; esto motiva el diseño de un modelo que explote estos capitales intangibles en el entorno radiofónico, obligado a dar un salto cualitativo que le otorgue una posición confortable en su entorno competitivo.
Agrupación de las universidades españolas en la prensa impresa nacional
Authors: Repiso Rafael , Merino-Arribas Adoración , Chaparro-Domínguez Maria Ángeles
Published: May 2016

Las universidades reflejan parte de su actividad científica y social en los medios de comunicación, y lo hacen a nivel local, regional, nacional o internacional, según sea el interés de la noticia y el target de esta. Tradicionalmente se han hecho mapas de universidades midiendo aspectos comunes como la producción científica. En este caso se propone visualizar cómo las universidades españolas se parecen entre sí a través de su presencia en las cabeceras de prensa nacional, regional y local. Para ello, se analizan las noticias publicadas en medios impresos españoles en septiembre y octubre de 2014, recuperadas usando MyNews Online, lo que supone 27.170 noticias. Los resultados muestran cómo es el componente geográfico el principal aglutinador de las universidades si se analizan sus noticias. Esto indica, entre otros aspectos, el carácter regional en la difusión de las marcas de las universidades españolas.
La fotografía como documento informativo en las webs de los ministerios españoles. Acceso, visibilidad, funcionalidad y políticas de uso
Authors: Salvador-Benítez Antonia , Sánchez-Vigil Juan Miguel
Published: May 2016

La información pública constituye un corpus documental de excepcional interés. Sus valores han obligado a regular tanto el uso como la reutilización mediante leyes específicas, con el fin de ponerla a disposición de empresas, instituciones, investigadores y ciudadanos en general. Una parte de dicha información la constituyen los documentos fotográficos generados y difundidos a través de organismos públicos, sobre los que apenas se han realizado estudios. Se pretende con esta investigación conocer el uso de la fotografía como documento en las páginas webs de los ministerios españoles, analizando aspectos concretos como el acceso, la visibilidad, la funcionalidad, la documentación y los derechos. De la investigación resulta que los usuarios tienen a su disposición cerca de 30.000 fotografías en la web, y se concluye la necesidad de crear un banco de imágenes común, recuperar las fotografías dispersas, normalizar la funcionalidad y terminología, así como establecer criterios comunes para la documentación de los originales.
Eficiencia en el uso de bases de datos digitales para la producción científica en universidades de Colombia
Authors: Cortés-Sánchez Julián David
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo presenta una evaluación de eficiencia en el uso de bases de datos digitales (BD) para la producción científica en las universidades colombianas acreditadas en el año 2013. Se empleó como metodología el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED). Se emplearon como inputs el número de BD y el número de profesores de tiempo completo (PTC). Como outputs se empleó el número de documentos indexados en Scopus. Los resultados indican ineficiencia en el uso de inputs para la producción de documentos en la mayoría de las universidades analizadas. Como recomendaciones de política, se sugiere la compra conjunta de BD, el uso de recursos de libre acceso, y ajustar las políticas de incentivos para la investigación según tendencias internacionales.
Cómo la Web of Science (WoS) de Thomson Reuters habría confundido dos revistas distintas con el mismo título durante años: el caso de “Journal of Public Relations Research”
Authors: Matilla Kathy , Compte-Pujol Marc , Hernández Salvador
Published: May 2016

Descripción del proceso mediante el cual se habría detectado una notable anomalía en la base de datos bibliográficos de la Web of Science (WoS). Concretamente, desde el año 2002 la WoS habría confundido y entremezclado aleatoriamente numerosos artículos de dos revistas distintas, ambas especializadas en relaciones públicas, una norteamericana y otra surcoreana, que comparten un mismo título: Journal of Public Relations Research. El caso es especialmente relevante al tratarse de dos publicaciones escritas en idiomas totalmente distintos (inglés y coreano), con diferentes números de ISSN y con distintas líneas editoriales, en cuyos respectivos volúmenes no coinciden ni autores, ni contenido.
A Genetic Algorithm to Goal Programming Model for Crop Production with Interval Data Uncertainty
Authors: Pal Bijay Baran , Roy Sankhajit , Kumar Mousumi
Published: May 2016

This chapter presents how Genetic Algorithm (GA) is effectively employed to Goal Programming (GP) formulation of an agricultural planning problem having interval model parameters and a set of chance constraints for optimal production of seasonal crops in uncertain environment. In model formulation, the planned-interval goals associated with objectives of the problem are converted into their equivalent two-objective deterministic goals. The chance constraints are also converted into their deterministic equivalents to solve the problem by using GP methodology. In goal achievement function, minimization of deviational variables associated with model goals is evaluated on the basis of priorities by employing a GA scheme to reach optimal decision. In the decision process, sensitivity analysis with variations of priority structure of goals is performed, and then the notion of Euclidean distance function is used to identify the priority structure under which optimal production of crops can be obtained in the decision environment. A case example is considered to demonstrate the approach.
Optimizing Solution for Storage Space Allocation Problem in Container Terminal Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Said Gamal Abd El-Nasser A. , El-Horbaty El-Sayed M.
Published: May 2016

Seaport container terminals are essential nodes in sea cargo transportation networks. In container terminal, one of the most important performance measures in container terminals is the service time. Storage space allocation operations contribute to minimizing the vessel service time. Storage space allocation problem at container terminals is a combinatorial optimization NP-hard problem. This chapter proposes a methodology based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the solution for storage space allocation problem. A new mathematical model that reflects reality and takes into account the workload balance among different types of storage blocks to avoid bottlenecks in container yard operations is proposed. Also the travelling distance between vessels berthing positions and storage blocks at container yard is considered in this research. The proposed methodology is applied on a real case study data of container terminal in Egypt. The computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Evolutionary Computing to Examine Variation in Proteins with Evolution
Authors: Ray Sujay
Published: May 2016

Amino-acid sequences play a pivotal role for the structure of proteins. Alterations in a single amino-acid may vary the protein functioning. Alignment of sequences recognizes evolutionary and structurally related residues in a group of amino-acid sequences. It also aids to perceive the regions that are conserved throughout and are also functionally important. Although protein alignment issue has been studied in the past decades, but computational approaches serves as more accurate to investigate the entire process in a comparably lesser time. Evolutionary algorithms, more specifically, genetic algorithms are very beneficial. It leads to the global optimization of the protein after observance of “the fittest” among the rest. On global optimization, the protein tends to be more stable, thereby, helping the process of interactions among other stable proteins and provides a residue level study. Thus, this state-of-art can be implemented for alignment of macro-molecules, which serves as an essential criterion for further molecular level analyses.
Variable Length PSO-Based Image Clustering for Image Denoising
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Mandal J. K. , Pal Tandra
Published: May 2016

This chapter proposed a variable length Particle Swarm Optimization based image clustering technique for restoration of noises from digital images. Here in this two step noise restoration technique the noise free pixels are kept unchanged. The denoising technique uses 3 × 3 test window on the center pixel of the noisy image. Prior to detection and filtering, variable length PSO based image clustering has been done. The output of clustering determines the performance of the subsequent stages of the algorithm. For denoising weighted median filtering technique is proposed. Variable length particles are considered and randomly encoded for the initial population. The length of particles is changed by adding and/or deleting cluster centers present in the particles. Three evaluation criteria are used in the fitness function of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with some similar algorithms existing in the literature on several standard digital images.
An Intelligent Approach for Tracking and Monitoring Objects in a Departmental Store Using PSO
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrajit
Published: May 2016

The present chapter proposes a departmental store automation system based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The items in the departmental store spanned over different sections and in multiple floors. Items are tagged with passive RFID tags. Each tag contains unique identification number for the item. The entire floor is divided into number of zones depending on different types of item that are placed in their respective racks. Each of the zones is placed with one RFID reader, which constantly monitors the items in their zone and periodically sends that information to the application. The problem of systematic and periodic monitoring of the store is addressed in this application so that the locations, distributions and demands of every item in the store can be invigilated with intelligence. The proposed application is successfully demonstrated on a simulated case study.
A Comparison among Multi-Agent Stochastic Optimization Algorithms for State Feedback Regulator Design of a Twin Rotor MIMO System
Authors: Das Sharma Kaushik
Published: May 2016

Multi-agent optimization or population based search techniques are increasingly become popular compared to its single-agent counterpart. The single-agent gradient based search algorithms are very prone to be trapped in local optima and also the computational cost is higher. Multi-Agent Stochastic Optimization (MASO) algorithms are much powerful to overcome most of the drawbacks. This chapter presents a comparison of five MASO algorithms, namely genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, harmony search algorithm, and gravitational search algorithm. These MASO algorithms are utilized here to design the state feedback regulator for a Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS). TRMS is a multi-modal process and the design of its state feedback regulator is quite difficult using conventional methods available. MASO algorithms are typically suitable for such complex process optimizations. The performances of different MASO algorithms are presented and discussed in light of designing the state regulator for TRMS.