bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH (UMKM)
Authors: Sapto Wahyono Sri Sulastri &
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Dampak Pandemi covid-19 terhadap Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah karena dengan adanya pandemi Coronavirus Disease-2019 atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Covid-19 berdampak terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dengan pandemi dapat membuat krisis di sektor riil sehingga sangat berpengaruh pada sektor  keuangan yang berperan sebagai penyedia sumber permodalan bagi pelaku usaha. Dampak pandemi Covid -19 pada perekonomian Indonesia tergambar dari beberapa indikator seperti tren kredit Bank yang terus menurun.Virus ini telah memunculkan pesimisme terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia, kegiatan ekonomi di seluruh dunia mengalami penurunan yang sangat tajam yang berakibat banyak negara mengalami resesi atau kontraksi ekonomi, perlindungan terhadap UMKM dengan berbagai subsidi dan bantuan kredit modal kerja agar UMKM tersebut memiliki pendapatan agar mampu berbelanja dan mendorong produksi dengan memperhatikan ancaman pandemi yang semakin menggoyahkan kegiatan ekonomi UMKM dan dunia usaha lainnya. Sehingga dengan adanya pandemi ini merubah gaya hidup masyarakat yang sering kali memanfaatkan e-commerce sebagai sarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dengan alasan tersebut mampu dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku usaha dalam melakukan kegiatan bisnisnya, namun yang harus diperhatikan baik terhadap konsumen sebagai pengguna dari produk, maupun pelaku usaha yang memanfaatkan layanan e-commerce harus memperhatikan Undang-undang yang berlaku.
PEMBENTUKAN MADURA SEBAGAI PROVINSI MENURUT HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Hufron Imam S Arifin, Sri Setiadji &
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses berlangsungnya kebijakan pemekaran Madura sebagai Provinsi, mengidentifikasi, mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis pemekaran wilayah tersebut yang dapat memberikan dampak langsung pada masyarakat dalam hal pelayanan publik, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor penghambat dan pendorong dengan memberikan berbagai rekomendasi untuk kinerja pemerintah daerah (baik itu kabupaten induk maupun kabupaten baru). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis.Setiap daerah melakukan pemekaran dan tidak ada satu pun daerah yang ingin melakukan penggabungan.pemekaran suatu daerah dapat menjadi dua daerah atau bisa lebih. Untuk hal ini, ditentukan persyaratan bahwa pemekaran itu dapat dilakukan apabila mencapai batas minimal usia penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dalam ketentuan ini ialah untuk provinsi 10 tahun, kabupaten/kota 7 tahun, dan kecamatan 5 tahun. Pembentukan suatu daerah harus memenuhi persyaratan administratif, teknis dan fisik kewilayahan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK CUTI TAHUNAN PEKERJA KONTRAK
Authors: Hufron Afkar Jauhara Albar, Sri Setiadji &
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisispengaturan hukum Hak cuti tahunan pada pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) dari perspektif Perlindungan hukum pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif.Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah ratio legis tujuan dan pelaksanaannya khususnya perspektif perlindungan hukum mengenai hak cuti tahunan berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 79 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap pekerja/buruh Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, jika dilakukan sesuai dengan aturan yang ada, sudah terdapat perlindungan yang memadai terhadap pekerja/buruh Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, hanya saja dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat berbagai halangan yang disebabkan oleh ketidakjelasan aturan tentang penerapan hak cuti tahunan pada pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, pengaturan hak cuti tahunan belum mengatur dan belum dirumuskan secara jelas dan komprehensif terhadap pekerja khususnya pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) yang dalam perjanjian kontraknya tidak sampai setahun. Hal tersebut berdampak pada pekerja dan pada pelaksanaan di perusahaan yaitu pihak pengusaha. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan kepada pemerintah agar pengaturan terhadap Pasal 79 ayat (2) diatur hak cuti pekerja yang tidak di perpanjang maupun diperbaharui dalam masa kontraknya.
MENELISIK TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PERSOALAN EKONOMI
Authors: Mohammad Fahrur Rozi Marsum &
Published: January 2023

Artikel ini mengusung tentang fenomena menarik berkenaan dengan Kajian Tinjauan hukum Islam pada ekonomi, karena keduanya adalah berkaitan. Islam menekankan kegiatan ekonomi manusia merupakan salahsatu perwujudan dari pertanggungjawaban manusia sebagai khalifah di bumi agar keseimbangan dalam kehidupan dapat terus terjaga dengan baik.Sebagai bagian dari studi Islam, kedua aspek ini (hukum dan ekonomi) didasarkan pada sumber daya yang sama. Al-Qur'an dan Hadis sebagai landasan hukum. Kegiatan ekonomi dalam perspektif Islam membutuhkan landasan bagi penegak dan lembaga hukum. Sedangkan aspek hukum dalam Islam ternyata memiliki dimensi ekonomi.
WABAH VIRUS CORONA (COVID-19) INDONESIA DALAM KEADAAN DARURAT HUKUM KETATA NEGARAAN
Authors: Gatot Subroto Achmad Taufik &
Published: January 2023

Indonesia seyokyanya sudah mempunyai aturan terkaiat penanggulangan wabah atau yang dimaksud dengan penyakit menular hal ini sebagai mana telah diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1984 tentang Wabah Penyakit Menular. sementara itu akhir-akhir ini terjadi wabah virus corona (Covid-19) yang pergerakan dari Covid-19 tersebut sangat begitu masifnya di berbagai belahan dunia dengan selang beberapa bulan termasuk di Indonesia. Sehingga jika suatu wilayah telah terjadi darurat sipil yang akibatkan oleh suatu bencana alam, bencana non alam dan bencana sosial. Maka jika itu termasuk dalam katagori keadaan bahaya Presiden mempunyai landasan hukum yang menyatakan keadaan bahaya dan akibatnya keadaan bahaya yang telah ditetapkan dengan undang-undang.  Dalam kontek keadaan bahaya tersebut diperjelas dalam penjelasan di Peraturan Pemerintah  Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 1959 tentang Pencabutan Undang-Undang No. 74 tahun 1957 (Lembaran-Negara No. 160 tahun 1957) dan Penetapan Keadaan Bahaya.Dalam Ilmu hukum tata negara darurat memiliki objek kajian, yakni negara yang berada dalam keadaaan darurat atau “State of Emergancy”. mengenai keadaan yang dimaksud dengan keadaan darurat yang terkait dengan pengertian keadaan darurat tersebut. Semuanya menunjuk kepada pengertian yang hampir sama, yaitu keadaan bahaya yang tiba-tiba mengancam tertib umum, yang menuntut negara untuk bertindak dengan cara-cara yang tidak lazim menurut aturan hukum yang biasa berlaku dalam keadaan normal. Penerapan atau pemberlakuan hukum darurat atau martial law dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang biasa dipraktekkan.
PROBLEMATIKA TANDHE TELLOK DALAM SISTEM PERKAWINAN DI MADURA
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Kholilur
Published: January 2023

Abstrak              Larangan melangsungkan pernikahan menurut hukum adat Tandhe Tellok yang masih diyakini di masyarakat Dusun,tengger Desa,Polagan Kec,Galis Pamekasan Madura,yang mana merupakan tradisi turun temurun dari para leluhur masyarakat Dusun,Tengger.yang mana dalam hukum adat tersebut melarang melangsungkan pernikahan apabila hari lahir si laki-laki hari senin dan hari lahir si wanita hari rabu maka menurut hukum adat Tandhe Tellok tidah bisa dilangsungkan,intinya hari lahir kedua mempelai tidak boleh bertanda tida seperti hari senin dan rabu,rabu dan jumat,jumat dan minggu dan seterusnya, hari lahir dihitung dari hari lahir si laki-laki karena laki-laki di madura khususnya masyarakat Dusun,Tengger di yakini sebagai pelindung dan sekaligus penuntun bagi wanitanya maka dari itu hari lahir dihitung mulai dari si laki-laki.akibat apabila tetap melangsungkan pernikahan meski bertentangan dengan hukum adat Tandhe Tellok maka di percaya akan mendapatkan bala musibah.meskipun hukum adat tersebut bertentangan dengan agama islam karena sudah mempercayai terhadap hal-hal tersebut,akan tetapi masyarakat Dusun,Tengger masih meyakini hukum adat tersebut sebagai bentuk warisan dari leluhurnya dan apabila tidak mengikuti aturan hukum adat tersebut apabila terjadi hal-hal buruk maka masyarakat setempat akan menghubungkan dengan kejadian tersebut dan dampaknya bisa jadi bahan pembicaraan dan bahan gosipan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan Teknik pengumpulan data dari hasil wawancara ,dan juga observasi lokasi penelitian yaitu di Dusun,Tengger Desa,Polahan Kec,Galis Pamekasan Madura. Obyek penelitian ini adalah dilarangnya melakukan pernikahan yang bertentangan dengan hukum adat Tandhe Tellok,dalam penelitian pemantapan dan kebenaran informasi dicapai dengan cara mengunakan Teknik triangulasi metode, triangulasi metode dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan wawancara terstuktur dan mendalam dan juga membandingkan dengan hasil pencatatan dan dokumen.Kata Kunci: Tandhe Tellok, Perkawinan, Madura
MENELUSURI TRADISI “JHUDHUEN”DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI DESA BANGKES, PAMEKASAN, MADURA
Authors: Margareta Zalia
Published: January 2023

Abstrak  Tradisi yang masih tetap diterapkan  di madura adalah tradisi “jhuduen” atau yang dikenal dengan perjodohan, sala satunya yang ada di desa bangkes, pamekasan. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses “jhuduen” itu berlangsung ,jenis dan tujuan, serta tinjaun dari hukum islam dan hukum positif yang berlaku sekarang dan tak lupa pula dampak yang timbul akibat perjodohan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data ,peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan beberapa masyarakat yang ada di desa Bangkes, Kadur, Pamekasan, Madura agar data yang didapat dapat tersusun secara terstruktur dan objektif sesuai dengan yang ada di lapangan. Di desa bangkes cukup mewakili untuk dilakukan penelitian mengenai tradisi jhuduen atau perjodohan tersebut. Dimana tradisi tersebut masih tetap diterapkan oleh sebagian masyarakat disana, dengan salah satu tujuannya adalah untuk menyambung tali silaturahmi baik dengan keluarga, kerabat, teman dan “nambah bhangsah” jika dilakukan melalui perantara orang lain.Kata kunci: Tradisi Jhuduen, Desa Bangkes, Hukum Perkawinan
Fourth Oregon climate assessment report. State of climate science : 2019
Authors:   Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Mote Philip W. , Abatzoglou John , Dello Kathie D. , Hegewisch Katherine , Rupp David E.
Published: January 2023

This report, required by state law under HB3543, provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of science of climate change as it pertains to Oregon, covering the physical, biological, and social dimensions. The first chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge of physical changes in climate and hydrology, focusing on the period since the previous Oregon Climate Assessment Report (OCAR3, Dalton et al. 2017); and the second chapter covers the impacts. The second chapter is, verbatim, the Northwest chapter of the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) which was released by the federal government November 23, 2018. It is available for download separately: https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/downloads/NCA4_Ch24_Northwest_Full.pdf
The Drawing Underneath
Authors: Speyer Maria
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, I approach the notion of imagistic thinking as an artist and offer a view of the image as something ongoing and unfinished, and as an opening toward which we move. I delve into the process of making the large charcoal drawings that accompany the other chapters in this book. These drawings were developed in response to the authors and their chapters, and because the project was partly collaborative, in my chapter, I invite the reader into the drawing process and the considerations around drawing the figure. I approach the drawn figure not firstly as a form with a surface, but as a forming of a “we,” and so this chapter, my drawings, and the words that formed the basis of my response, are about the imagistic as something that involves responsibility, action, and investment.
Caught in the Crosshairs
Authors: Kassam Zayn
Published: January 2023

The chapter examines the contested terrain of migration politics by focusing on the concrete experience of Muslims in the United States in a post-9/11 era. Kassam first traces the leading causes of global migration to the complicated entanglement between neoliberal capitalism and military interventionism. She then demonstrates how the emergence of a racialized xenophobia and Islamophobia in the United States has created a “politics of fear” that seeks to criminalize, detain, or ban migrants from certain regions in the world. As an alternative to this xenophobic response to migration, Kassam explores grassroots faith and civic communities in California who witness to a “politics of compassion” through their efforts to help resettle refugees in their local communities.
The Poetics of Downturns
Authors: McGrath Brian
Published: January 2023

Charles Baudelaire suggests that the most important tropes for lyric poetry are hyperbole and apostrophe. This chapter aims to reconsider the lyric by foregrounding the importance of catastrophe, not apostrophe. The words share an etymological link through the turn of strophe. From the Greek kata (“down,” but also “against” or “over”) and strephein (“to turn”), catastrophe can translate literally as “downturn.” This chapter return to poems by Willian Wordsworth, this time paying particular attention to metaphors of “downturns” in Wordsworth's poetry, moments when heads, for instance, are turned down toward the ground. Wordsworth is a poet of catastrophes and cataclysms; his poems chronicle the many disasters and calamities that befall the dispossessed. To the extent to which Look Round for Poetry proceeds by juxtaposing poetic tropes and contemporary discourse, this chapter focuses attention on Wordsworth's “downturns” in order to discover in the rhetoric of poetry a chance to think further about the rhetoric of contemporary capitalism and the effects of economic catastrophe.
I Wandered Lonely as an iCloud
Authors: McGrath Brian
Published: January 2023

Sensitive to the untimeliness of literary language, this chapter begins with an observation: that Wordsworth's “I wandered lonely as a cloud” anticipates (with the first and last words of the poem's first line) Apple's iCloud, representative of cloud computing more generally, a technological innovation that has profoundly reshaped the knowledge economy. As the poem wanders free of the “Romantic Period” it anticipates twenty-first century discourse about technology, and to the extent to which it has only become more difficult, if not impossible, today to disentangle technology from capitalism, the accidental conjunction raises complicated questions about mobility under capitalism. Fully committed to an opening anachronism, the chapter takes the accidental conjunction as an occasion to think not only about the ways poems wander free from specific contexts but also the ways they become entangled in new ones, keeping in mind all the while that if Romantic poems encourage such conjunctive efforts they also throw them into question.
Of Pessimism and Presentism
Authors: Wilder Gary
Published: January 2023

This chapter challenges recent tendencies within critical theory toward political pessimism and Left melancholy. I trace some of the ways that a well-founded pessimism about our global political present devolves into an ungrounded presentism. The latter forecloses concrete utopian attempts to anticipate other possible worlds. For presentist thinkers, reasonable doubt about the probability of historical progress authorizes metaphysical assertions about historical temporality. I analyze recent work by Lauren Berlant, David Scott, François Hartog, and Enzo Traverso against whom I read Walter Benjamin's critique of Left-Wing Melancholy.
Religion and The Cold War
Authors: Kwon Heonik , Park Jun Hwan
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides the conceptual framework within which the book explores the subject of war and religion. It discusses the achievement in recent Religion and the Cold War scholarship, in relation to Korea's distinct postcolonial experience of the Cold War and focusing on the country's evangelical community.
What Really Matters
Authors: Tournadre Jérôme
Published: January 2023

This ethnographic portrait of one of the main spokespersons for the protest movement in Grahamstown should provide a better understanding of the extent to which, for members of a poor people's movement, the space of activism and the space of everyday life merge. The study of this individual trajectory also helps to grasp some of the contemporary developments in the South African political field, while providing an embodied representation of conditions of life in the township. Finally, because it shows how activism can be a lifestyle for certain individuals, this chapter provides answers to a major question in the sociology of commitment: Why do certain women and certain men devote themselves body and soul to a cause?
“We Do Not Discuss Politics”
Authors: Tournadre Jérôme
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the ethnography of a community meeting organized by the UPM in the township. At first glance, it seems to confirm the existence of a political form peculiar to the populations of the lower-class neighborhoods: “popular politics.” This part of the book, however, calls into question a reading tending to autonomize and politicize this set of activities and institutions (community meetings, community leaders, residents' committees, etc.). Such a view of things actually leaves out certain social realities (the social conformism of certain residents, for example) and tends to project into the consciousness of the agents a representation of their practices which is that of the expert studying them. Observation and historical perspective also show circulations, hybridizations and borrowings between “popular politics” and liberal democracy.
The Community, the Movement, and the “Outside World”
Authors: Tournadre Jérôme
Published: January 2023

Residents of low-income neighborhoods do not merely expect activists to know how to handle the arts of revolt. While the organization can often act as a mediator within poor neighborhoods, it also intervenes as an intermediary between the township and the “outside world.” (The beginning of the chapter obviously qualifies this idea of exteriority.) This chapter shows the importance of an ability to interact with administrative and political authorities, relying most often on skills and information to which the poor do not usually have access. This situation results in a twofold responsibility (toward the township residents, on the one hand, and toward institutions and groups outside the life of the township, on the other) and a regular testing of the UPM's claim to represent the poor in the town.
“Yes, We Do the Same Thing”
Authors: Tournadre Jérôme
Published: January 2023

This last chapter discusses the regular confrontations between the protest organization and the African National Congress (ANC) in the township. It shows that this opposition is mainly linked to logics of competition at the very heart of communities. This chapter shows that party political activism and social activism in fact take place along a continuum of collective commitments experienced as related to the community. Perhaps it is this essential characteristic which makes activism in the community both a set of activities and practices and a social relation. This relation is built on the sociability of daily life with all its vicissitudes, and on the repetition of common everyday interactions and experiences, far removed from the buzz of demonstrations.
Toward a Phenomenological Politics
Authors: DeRoo Neal
Published: January 2023

The task of this chapter is to articulate a distinct understanding of politics as a transcendental force of subjective constitution. Beginning with Husserl's account of how the subjectivity of subjects is generated within “spiritual communities,” this chapter reveals politics to be primarily a matter of constitution (politeia) before it can be a matter of constituted things (e.g., the res publica). It therefore calls for the articulation of a “phenomenological politics,” akin to the “phenomenological psychology” of the early period of phenomenology's development. The task of such a phenomenological politics would be to explain the various means and processes by which individual subjects are constituted by the suprasubjective forces at work in a community and, conversely, the various means and processes by which communities are constituted by the activities of subjects, both individually and collectively. Phenomenology is therefore shown to have something essential to contribute to talk about collective action, structural oppression, and radical politics.
Introduction : Toward a Grammatology of Images
Authors: Weigel Sigrid
Published: January 2023

The introduction derives the book's main intervention into the present image theory—i.e., the question of the ways in which something a-visible or immaterial gets transformed into an image—from Derrida's statement “The trace must be thought before the existing.” By replacing the prevalent idea of ‘trace’ (as something left-behind) by the question as to the preceding traces, the chapter evolves the book's focus on the threshold of trace and image, which is based in the awareness of the an-iconic world or the ‘archi-resemblance’ before the image. Hence, the question of imaging focuses on the moment and mode of ‘making an appearance’ of immaterial phenomena (such as emotions, defamation, dignity, or transcendental ideas) by means of non-resemblant pictures or effigies. The introduction further explains Benjamin's ‘threshold-knowledge’ and Warburg's cultural-historic approach as methodological references as well as the book's composition: the alteration of theoretical chapters and case studies.
A IMERSÃO EM REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: Freire Romagnolo Dayane , De Souza Dutra Ivan , De Lima Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender como se manifestam os elementos de confiança, oportunismo e ordem nas relações sociais oriundas da participação cidadã no Movimento Social pela Paz em Londrina (MSPL). O referencial teórico teve como temas: Nova Sociologia Econômica e a Imersão de Redes Sociais, mediante os elementos de Confiança, Oportunismo e Ordem, bem como a participação cidadã no contexto dos movimentos sociais. O percurso metodológico contemplou: a pesquisa qualitativa por meio do estudo de caso, cuja unidade de análise emergiram do conjunto de atores que se organizam nas ações de participação cidadã no âmbito do MSPL que, em diferentes perspectivas, configurou uma estrutura de relações sociais; a realização de entrevistas bem como a utilização de dados secundários; e a análise de dados com base no critério semântico. Os elementos se manifestam nas ações do MSPL a partir da própria rede de relações sociais formada pelos membros que assegura a confiança no desenvolvimento das ações e limita possíveis comportamentos oportunistas. Quando a má-fé não ocorre ou não é percebida, a confiança dos atores e seus laços são fortalecidos, promovendo a ordem e a continuidade do movimento, desenvolvendo um papel fundamental em seu processo social.
Greimassian Structure of T’boli Animal Tales
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-8514, patrickjaysonralla@yahoo.com, Mapua Malayan Colleges Mindanao Gen Douglas McArthur Matina Davao City, Philippines, L. Ralla Patrick Jayson
Published: January 2023

Folk narratives are a part of one’s cultural identity. With the changing times, these narratives are in danger of being forgotten and being lost in obscurity. The effort to retrieve and analyze folk narratives is one way of preserving these narratives. So, this paper analyzed the T’Boli Animal Tales using the Structural approach to literary criticism, particularly A.J. Greimas’ Actantial Model, as well as the Axes Model of Louis Hebert which is an adaptation of Greimas’ model. It also determined the actants found in T’boli animal tales, their formation of axes of desire, power, and transmission, and their similarities and differences in terms of the formation of axes. Results revealed that the majority of the animal tales used follow Greimas’ actantial model, as well as Hebert’s axis model. Although there are similarities in terms of their actants and axes, this study concludes that not all T’Boli Animal Tales’ follow Greimas’ and Hebert’s models. Still, these tales can be understood better using the Actantial Model and Narrative Structures proposed by A.J. Greimas, and the Axis Model proposed by Louis Hebert. Keywords: T’Boli Animal Tales, Greimas’ Actantial Model, Qualitative Research, Philippines
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH WILSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Sarici Kemal , SAHIN TEVFIK , Ara Cengiz , Aydin Cemalettin , karakas Serdar , Ince Volkan , Varol Fatma , Ozgor Bilge , Selimoglu Mukadder , Yilmaz Sezai
Published: January 2023

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the results of liver transplantation (LT) in pediatric Wilson disease (WD) with a specific sub-analysis in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Methods: Demographic, operative, laboratory and neurologic findings of 23 pediatric patients with WD that underwent LT were analyzed by examining the patient charts.
Results: Median age of the patients was 13 ( 7 to 17) years. Median Wilson’s Index scores of the patients were 7 (5-13). Median Child-Pugh Score, MELD-Na and PELD scores of the patients were 10 (5-12), 19 (8-34) and 25.4 (8.4-30.7); respectively. Eight patients (34.8%) had Kayser-Fleischer rings on examination Five patients (21.7%%) presented with acute decompensated Wilson’s disease. Fifteen patients (65.2%) received living donor liver transplantation. Totally, 10 patients (43,4%) had nervous system involvement in the preoperative period. Two patients fully recovered; 2 patients showed partial recovery. On the other hand, 4 patients showed no improvement and 2 patients had progression of their disease in the postoperative period.
Conclusions: The results of the present study show that LT is an effective and safe alternative in end-stage liver failure in WD. However, in these patients, nervous system involvement may not improve despite successful LT.
Differences in the clinical course, laboratory and radiological findings of COVID-19 infection between male, female and pregnant patients in demographically homogeneous groups
Authors: zsoy Hilal , nal Serhat , l sa , Oral Behiye
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study examines for any differences in the clinical course, laboratory and radiological findings of COVID-19 infection between male, female and pregnant patients in similar age groups.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved a review of the data of patients treated between March 2020 and May 2021, included a total of 528 cases (193 pregnant females, 170 non-pregnant females and 165 males) aged 18–40 years with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19.
Results: A comparison of the three demographically homogeneous groups revealed more common symptomatic infection at admission in the male patient group than in the other two patient groups (p<0.001), as well as a longer hospital stay (p<0.001) and higher incidences of moderate and severe pneumonia (p<0.001) based on radiological findings. In contrast, no significant difference was noted in the intensive care unit admission and mortality rates of the three groups.
Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that females have some degree of protection against severe presentations of COVID-19 infection when compared to men. The heterogeneity of immunocompetence and immune response can help to understand the different COVID-19 responses of males and females, and can be used as a guide for disease prognosis and gender-specific treatments.
The diagnostic value of electroencephalography in pediatric patients presenting with syncope

Running title: The yield of electroencephalography in pediatric syncope
Authors: cel G
Published: January 2023

Aim: In the investigation of the diagnosis of pediatric syncope, it was aimed to evaluate the rate of abnormal EEG findings and the diagnostic yield of the EEG in the electroencephalography (EEG) taken following their neurological examination.
Materials and Methods: EEG records of 332 patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with syncope were retrospectively analyzed. The EEG results were classified as normal and abnormal. Based on the abnormal EEG results, four subgroups were formed as focal epileptiform discharge, generalized epileptiform discharge, focal slowing and generalized slowing. Abnormal EEG results were categorized according to age and gender.
Results: Of the cases included in the study, 195 (58.7%) were female and 137 (41.3%) were male. The mean age of the patients was calculated as 12.67±3.21 years. Analysis of the EEG results revealed that 92.5% were normal and 7.53% were abnormal. The most common abnormal EEG finding was focal slowing, which was detected in 12 (3.6%) patients, followed by focal epileptiform discharge which was detected in eight (2.4%) and generalized epileptiform discharge which was detected in five (1.5%) patients.
Conclusion: EEG should not be routinely performed to evaluate the diagnosis of pediatric syncope. Therefore, EEG should be performed only on patients to be selected based on their medical history and the results of their neurological examination. In this way, it will be possible to derive more benefits out of EEG and to reduce the associated medical costs.
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT IN THE LIGHT OF MAQASID AL SHARIAH
Authors: CHARLES YUSSUF Yussuf
Published: January 2023

The paradigm shift from linear to a circular economy and other development approaches, especially in conventional economics, disregard religious values of which the primary objective is to promote human wellbeing from a wider perspective. Hence, the present study analyzes the concept of circular economy in light of the purpose of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah). It adopts qualitative/semantic content analysis as a research approach. The finding reveals that the circular economy and its related concepts are not against the objective or the purpose of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah), rather it promotes it: as the preservation of life and progeny can be achieved through the circular economy’s initiatives related to the preservation of ecology and ecosystem, whereas the preservation of intellect can be achieved through the measures related to reducing harmful wastes and pollution. While the preservation of wealth can be achieved through circular economy’s measures for resource conservation. These findings enlighten both Muslim and non-Muslim communities; firstly on the positive stance of circular economy to the Maqasid al Shariah and secondly the need to promote the circular economy initiatives to preserve the ecological balance and environment which are the gifts from the Creator.
Hans Urs von Balthasar: Najsvätejšia Trojica v srdci teológie
Authors:   Klinika hematológie a transfuziológie, Ústredná vojenská nemocnica SNP Ružomberok – FN, Ondrášik Ivan , Ondrášiková Katarína ,   Katedra laboratórnych vyšetrovacích metód v zdravotníctve, Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku, Fakulta zdravotníctva
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to approach the doctrine of the Holy Trinity in the theological concept of the Swiss theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar. First, we approach the sources of inspiration for his theology. We analyze the analogy of being, transcendentals, the relationship between reason and faith. Then we reflect on theological aesthetics, the relationship of God as good to human freedom, and the relationship between God and truth. The trinitological concept of Hans Urs von Balthasar is still relevant not only for theology, but also for Christian philosophy.
Wychowanie do spotkania z Bogiem
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych „Pedagogium“ w Warszawie, Kuskowski Mariusz
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to issues related to the education of man to the relationship with God. The aim of the article is to present the education of man to believe in God and God on the basis of the analysis of available sources in the pedagogical and theological perspective. The issues raised in the article concern shaping relations with God, establishing ties with Him and maintaining them. In the further part of the article, we can read about freedom, listening and prayer as forms shaping man's education and faith in God and God.
Versão Extendida: Um Chamado de Ação Global para Evitar os ‘Pontos de Não-Retorno da Floresta Amazônica
Authors: Hirota Marina , Nobre Carlos A. , Alencar Ane , Areiera Julia , de Assis Costa Francisco , Flores Bernardo , Gandour Clarissa , Josse Carmen , Levis Carolina , Póveda German , Young Carlos Eduardo F.
Published: January 2023

Territórios Indígenas (TIs) na Amazônia protegem aproximadamente 24.5 gigatoneladas de carbono (GtC) acima do solo, atuam como barreiras significativas contra o desmatamento e a degradação florestal, e funcionam como importantes amortecedores contra as mudanças climáticas. TIs demarcadas apresentam desmatamento significativamente menor do que terras não reconhecidas oficialmente, demonstrando a importância de se demarcar TIs tanto para proteger os meios de subsistência e as culturas dos povos nativos da Amazônia, quanto para conservar suas florestas e rios.
Strengthening Supply Chain for Post COVID-19 Food Security: An Exploratory Research Review
Authors: Rifin Amzul , Harianto  , Feryanto  , Herawati
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on food supply chains at both domestic and global levels. At the same time, Indonesia's food security index experienced a significant decline. This study presents an exploratory approach-based research review aiming at identifying problems occurring along food supply chain post COVID-19 pandemic, and at examining possible policies, studies and research needed to improve food security. In addition to relevant previous studies, the authors analysed data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and Bank of Indonesia (BI). A number of problems and issues pertinent to Indonesia’s food supply chain that may adversely affect food security are identified and a post COVID-19 “exit strategy” to strengthen food supply chain is explored.
KAZANÇ KALİTESİNİN GERÇEĞE UYGUN DEĞER MUHASEBESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: KATILIM BANKALARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KURT Yusuf
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada 2018-2021 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul (BIST)’te işlem gören katılım bankalarının gerçeğe uygun değer muhasebesi ile kazanç kaliteleri arasındaki ilişki test edilmiştir. Katılım bankalarına ilişkin gerçeğe uygun değer muhasebesinin ölçümünde işletmelerin kar veya zarar tablosunda raporladıkları “Gerçeğe Uygun Değer Farkı Kâr Zarara Yansıtılanlar” ve “Gerçeğe Uygun Değer Farkı Diğer Kapsamlı Gelire Yansıtılanlar” kalemlerine karşılık dönem kar/zararı ve toplam kapsamlı gelir/gider kalemleri oranlanmıştır. Kazanç kalitesinin ölçümünde ise toplam tahakkuklar nakit akış yaklaşımı kullanılarak hesaplanmış, daha sonra ise “Healy Modeli” kullanılarak ihtiyari olmayan tahakkukların tutarı tespit edilmiştir. Gerçeğe uygun değer muhasebesi ve kazanç kalitesi arasındaki ilişki çoklu regresyon analizi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre katılım bankalarının kar/zarar tablosunda raporladıkları gerçeğe uygun değer farkı kâr zarara yansıtılanlar/ dönem kar zararı ile ihtiyari olmayan tahakkuk tutarları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Fakat kontrol değişkeni olarak modelde kullanılan işletme büyüklüğü değişkeni ile gerçeğe uygun değer muhasebesi arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
CLIL realities through the lens of English and content teachers
Authors:   University of Extremadura, Spain, Fielden Burns Laura V. , Martínez Agudo Juan de Dios ,   University of Extremadura, Spain
Published: January 2023

This research investigated six established areas for quality (Ortega-Martín et al., 2018) in the implementation of CLIL programmes in a Spanish monolingual autonomous community from the perspective of its teachers, in particular focusing on possible differences of opinion between content and English language teachers, an understudied area. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 36 teachers at four secondary schools in urban Extremadura so as to assess the perceptions of the execution and the effectiveness of current CLIL education programmes, identifying specifically their potential challenges. Significant differences between content teachers and English teachers’ perceptions in six areas under study are examined, from programme management to academic results. Data results indicate that although programmes are viewed quite positively by both groups of teachers, some important areas of difference exist, including the amount of time the L2 is used in a content class and the language skills that are worked in a CLIL environment. To address this gap, suggestions are made to establish more widely accepted standards for CLIL programme objectives.
The Role of Trust, Ease of Use and Security on Shopping Interests at Lazada
Authors: Munir Misbachul , Darmawan Didit
Published: January 2023

Online shopping behavior has been widely observed by various studies. This led to continuous theory development. Online sellers have developed forms and are increasingly attracting online shopping enthusiasts. Various factors can cause the emergence of interest in shopping online. This study intends to observe the variables of trust, ease of use and security on shopping interest in the well-known marketplace, namely Lazada. This study took a sample of 100 people as Lazada users. With the regression technique it is known that trust is a variable that plays a significant role in shopping interest at Lazada. The same goes for ease of use and security.
Application of Palladium Chemistry in Organic Synthesis Techniques: the Larock Indole Synthesis, a Literature Review
Authors: Ghosal Angikar
Published: January 2023

As one of the most important biologically active and naturally occurring molecules, indole is an organic compound of great importance. For more than a century, the standard method of lab preparation of the indole family of compounds has been the Fischer indole synthesis. In 1994, Richard C. Larock and Eul Kgun Yum prepared indole and indole derivatives using a new technique involving organometallic chemistry, what has since then come to be known as the Larock indole synthesis [1]. In this literature review, we give a background to the techniques involved in the Larock indole synthesis, including similar precursor methods in palladium chemistry. We mention the motivations for this reaction method, based on earlier work done. We then give a detailed overview of Larock’s work, including the reaction mechanism, kinetic effects, and effects of substituents. We also consider limitations of the Larock indole synthesis. We then study the various applications of this synthesis technique, especially synthesis of those compounds with pharmaceutical applications. We also then consider improvement to Larock’s original work, including newer, more improved techniques that built on Larock’s work, and how these newer discoveries are more beneficial to us. We end this review paper with some future questions to pursue.
Toxicological Aspects and Bioanalysis of Nanoparticles: Zebrafish Model
Authors: YEŞİLBUDAK Burcu
Published: January 2023

Nanoparticles increase their availability and diversity in the environment day by day with the natural formation processes of the world geography and the development of advanced technological industry. Due to their intelligent and kaleidoscopic physico-chemical structural forms, they can cause toxic effects in various metabolic steps (in structural proteins, genetic structure, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, metabolic systems) in the organism. Despite these harmful situations some magnetite nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, dendrimers, polymeric and liposomic smart nanoparticles can be used in medical studies, pharmaceutical industry, nanotheranostic studies and molecular methods. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is used a model species in many study disciplines, has been used in many studies to reveal the potential toxic effects and positive effects of the tested nanoparticles. Both in vivo and in vitro test systems and interdisciplinary studies conducted in recent years were analyzed and evaluated via the traditional review method in the current study. Besides, many studies were grouped in order to obtain fast and efficient results on the characterization of nanoparticles and understanding their mechanism of action. A systematic search was conducted based on the keywords of this study in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Carrot², in May 2022. In addition to recognizing the toxic effects of nanoparticles, several studies were emphasized, in which the utilitarian status of nanoparticles in medical, pharmaceutical, molecular and genetic applied studies was understood more clearly day by day.
Metabolite profile and in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions of Aaptos suberitoides
Authors: Putri Hanifa R. , Kristiana Rhesi , Mudianta I Wayan , Setiawan Edwin , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Suphrom Nungruthai , Suciati Suciati
Published: January 2023

Context: Marine sources such as sponges have shown a significant impact on the drug development from nature. Metabolites isolated from sponges show diversity in terms of structural features and pharmacological properties. Several sponges have been reported to have potency as cholinesterase inhibitors as one of the target therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. Aims: To investigate the potency of marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides as cholinesterase inhibitors and to explore the chemistry of the sponge. Methods: The cholinesterase inhibitory assay was carried out against two enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), based on the modified Ellman’s method. The chemistry of the active fractions was studied by LC-MS/MS method, followed by molecular networking using GNPS. Results: The results suggested that the extract and fractions inhibited both AChE and BChE enzymes. All samples demonstrated more potent inhibition against AChE compared to BChE enzymes. The n-hexane fraction gave the strongest inhibition against both AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 4.76 µg/mL and 6.79 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the LC-MS/MS analysis, alkaloids were detected in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. Four alkaloids were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction, namely demethylaaptamine, aaptamine, isoaaptamine, and 8,9,9-trimethoxy-9H-benzo[de][1,6]naphthyridine at RT 1.52, 1.67, 2.92, and 3.22 mins, respectively. Aaptamine was also identified in the n-hexane fraction together with demethyloxyaaptamine. Conclusions: The extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions of A. suberitoides have shown promising cholinesterase inhibitory properties against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The alkaloids present in the active fractions may be responsible for the bioactivity.
Early Formative Gulf Lowlands Occupants
Authors: Arnold III Philip J.
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 explores the social, economic, and ritual consequences of changing foodways along the southern Mexican Gulf lowlands during the Early Formative (1800–1000 cal. BCE) period. Specifically, this chapter argues that a switch to corn farming at the end of the Early Formative disrupted societies that previously had depended primarily on wild resources. The disruption is reflected in settlement patterns, obsidian consumption, bitumen (chapopote) processing, and ritual activities in and around the site of El Manat�. The outcome of this transition was a dispersal of population away from the San Lorenzo/Coatzacoalcos Basin region into upland portions of southern Veracruz and Tabasco.
New Approaches to Jadeite Usage in Formative Mesoamerica
Authors: Bernard Henri Noel , de Guevara Sara Ladrón , Manrique Mayra , Ruvalcaba José Luis
Published: January 2023

Early studies of Olmec culture drew on greenstone objects as a key element in definition of the style and its distribution. These investigations proved unsatisfactory because the objects lacked clear archaeological contexts. In this chapter we summarize the history of studies of portable greenstone objects, discuss recent archaeological finds, and report our attempts to source the raw materials using contemporary geochemical techniques. Our goals are to better understand the Olmec style, choices and sources of raw materials, the exchange networks through which the raw materials and finished products flowed, and relationships among Mesoamerica’s earliest complex societies.
Beyond Contortionists
Authors: Castillo Patricia Ochoa
Published: January 2023

In the communities of Central Mexico during the Early Formative period (1400–800 BCE), the site of Tlatilco stands out for the abundance of materials recovered during the four major excavations. The more than 500 burials and their accompanying grave goods offer a wide possibility of studies. The burial records allow for insight into individual and collective ritual activities, in which, particularly the shamanic practices, played an important role. Without a doubt, the most relevant is Burial 154 from Season IV, containing an adult male buried with paraphernalia associated with shamanic activities. Among his grave goods was an extraordinary anthropomorphic vessel depicting a contortionist. Other grave goods support the argument that the interred was practicing rituals associated with shamanism, including a metate that could have been used to prepare hallucinogenic substances for altering one’s state of mind. Additionally, some items attest to self-sacrifice and objects for divination. These indicators allow us to visualize different activities carried out by the Tlatilcans and reflect a sense of regional interaction within Central Mexico and other regions of Mesoamerica. These interactions undoubtedly contributed to shaping Tlatilco’s material culture and analyzing the ritual activities they practiced offers a broader vision on micro and macro-regional levels.
Tlatilco
Authors: Santasilia Catharina E.
Published: January 2023

The Early Formative Mexican community of Tlatilco (1400–1100 cal BCE) is known for its diverse ceramic traditions that testify to the elaborate craftsmanship and the hierarchical distribution of labor. Since Tlatilco was discovered in the 1930s by Miguel Covarrubias, the understanding of the site has changed; during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, Tlatilco was excavated, revealing the dynamics of the site, with the objective of establishing the chronology and preserving the many burials. However, much material remains unstudied. The research for this chapter involved gathering iconographic and archaeological data from collections all over North America. It mainly focuses on the variation within the material expression of this ancient culture. Through comparative techniques and utilizing advanced laboratory analysis, the diversity of the community of Tlatilco and its neighbors is being investigated to understand better what constitutes Tlatilcan material culture. Finally, how their identities changed and shifted due to contact with their contemporaries, both pre-and post-Olmec contact, has been discussed.