bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-nociceptive Effect of Euphorbia hirta Leaf Extract: Involvement of Adenosine, Cholinergic, and Opioid Receptors
Authors: Olatoyan-Layonu Temitope Janet , Wakeel Olayemi Kamoru , Abe Abraham Ifedayo , Ojurongbe Olusola , Adeyeba Oluwaseyi Adegboyega
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive activity of Euphorbia
hirta leaf and its possible mechanism of action.

Methods:

The extract of Euphorbia hirta obtained from the leaf was prepared as per standard procedures
and evaluated at the three doses (300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg, i.p). The extract was screened for
anti-nociceptive activity using heat-induced (tail-flick) and chemical-induced (acetic acid-induced
writhing and formalin-induced paw lick) nociception models in mice. The possible mechanism of
action of the extract was evaluated using antagonists of notable nociceptive pathways.

Results:

Intraperitoneal administration of Euphorbia hirta extract at the doses of 600 and 1200
mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the formalin-induced paw licking in both neurogenic and
inflammatory phases of the test. While administration of the extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly
inhibited the pain due to formalin in the inflammatory phase but not in the neurogenic
phase. The anti-nociceptive effect of Euphorbia hirta extract increased the reaction time to thermal
stimulus, also inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing dose-dependently. The antinociceptive
effect exhibited by Euphorbia hirta extract in the formalin test was reversed by the
administration of naloxone, theophylline, and atropine. Glibenclamide, nifedipine, and yohimbine,
however, did not significantly block the anti-nociceptive effect of the extract. Meanwhile,
methylene blue administration enhanced the anti-nociceptive effect of the extract.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that Euphorbia hirta extract produces a dose-related antinociceptive
effect in several models of chemical and thermal pain, through mechanisms that
might involve interaction with adenosine, cholinergic, and opioid receptors.
Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy in the Evaluation of Fever of Unknown Origin in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Hajiabdolbaghi Mahboubeh , Ataeinia Bahar , Ghadimi Fatemeh , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Badie Banafsheh Moradmand , Dadras Omid , Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz
Published: July 2020

Background:

HIV can interrupt the normal development of bone marrow cell lines.
Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy (BMA/B) has been described as a diagnostic tool in AIDS patients
with fever of unknown origin (FUO). In this review, we aimed to study patients with AIDS who
had undergone a BMA/B to investigate FUO and describe the pathologies diagnosed in the biopsy.

Methods:

Thirty-four BMA/B samples were collected from AIDS patients admitted for work-up of
FUO to the infectious disease ward of a tertiary referral HIV center in Tehran, Iran, between
September 2014 and September 2015. Data including age, sex, duration of disease, CD4 cell
counts, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) coinfection, the primary presentation of AIDS, and the
treatment history were retrieved and analyzed. Patients underwent BMA/B. An expert pathologist
reviewed the BMA/B specimens.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 37.5 years (range, 26-56), and 27 (79%) were men.
Twenty-seven (79%) patients contracted HIV from injection drug use, and 7 (21%) via sexual transmission.
Only 3 (9%) of the BMA/B examinations were normal. Hypocellular bone marrow was diagnosed
in 22 (65%) patients. Other pathologies included granulomas in 6 (18%), hematologic malignancies
in 2 (6%), and leishmaniasis Aspergillosis, each in 1 (3%) patient. Six (17%) of the specimens
were found to have tuberculosis infections.

Conclusion:

Hypocellular bone marrow was the most common pathology on BMA/B examinations,
followed by the presence of granulomas. Tuberculosis, Aspergillosis, and Leishmaniasis the
opportunistic infections diagnosed on BMA/B specimens. Our results support BMA/B as an appropriate
diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of opportunistic infections and malignancies in AIDS.
BMA/B is indispensable in the armament of diagnostic tools of the physicians managing AIDS patients.
Biopsychosocial Predictors of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Case-control Study
Authors: Roshani Zahra , Kamrani Ahmad-Ali Akbari , Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common diseases in the elderly.
Several studies have already been conducted to identify related factors, but few have explored all
the factors involved in the development of cognitive problems.

Objective:

The present study aimed to identify significant biopsychosocial predictors of cognitive
impairment.

Methods::

This case-control study was conducted on 535 elderly people referred to Shafa Clinic in
the city of Tehran in 2017. The biological factors including serum cholesterol, fasting blood sugar,
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vitamin D, vitamin B12, serum folate, serum homocysteine,
height, and weight were measured. The psychological variable in this study was a history of depression
that was extracted from the medical records. Social network and social support were measured
by LSNS-6 and MOS-SSS questionnaires. The SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data.

Results:

The mean age of the control group was 68.4 years (SD = 5.89) and of the case group was
71.5 years (SD = 7.37). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed age (AOR=1.05;
CI:1.089-1.016, p≤0.05,), Secondary education (AOR=0.51; CI:0.266-0.990, p<0.05,), Tertiary
education (AOR=0.41; CI:0.212-0.810, p<0.01,), hypertension (AOR=2.16; CI:3.671-1.266,
p<0.01) homocysteine level (AOR=1.09; CI:1.147-1.045, p<0.001,), Hypothyroidism (AOR=0.43;
CI: 0.226 0.820, p<0.001,), and depression (AOR=4.5; CI:7.163-2.822, p<0.001) to be significant
predictors of cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:

Results of this study showed that low education level, high blood pressure, high
level of homocysteine and depression likely increase the risk of cognitive impairment; also, it
was implied that timely screening can identify people at risk. The novelty of the present study is
that it used a combination of the biopsychosocial factors to predict unique predictors of cognitive
impairment.
Evaluation of systematic error of measuring object scattering diagrams caused by quasimonostatic character of measurement scheme using irradiator’s assembly sets in anechoic chamber of collimator type
Authors: Kapylov E. L. , Neyolov V. V. , Samorodov A. A. , Samorodov B. A.
Published: July 2020

The main factors causing the occurrence of systematic errors in measuring the backscatter patterns of targets when using irradiator assemblies in collimator type radar measuring complexes are considered. It is shown that the implementation of a quasimonostatic measurement scheme with a bistatic angle determined by spatial separation of the phase centers of irradiators assembly is the most significant factor in the experimental determination of the backscattering characteristics of reflectors with highlighted directed properties, to which the monostatic-bistatic equivalence theorem is not applicable. To quantify the influence of this factor, it is proposed to use indicators characterizing the decrease of the maximum and average recorded cross-section of trihedral corner reflectors within the main lobe of the backscatter diagram, determined by the half power level. The listed indicators do not take into account the non-flatness of the phase surface of the probe field, however, they can be considered as reasonably justified lower bounds for systematic measurement errors for each irradiators assembly. Using the mathematical modeling, mono- and bistatic cross-section diagrams of trihedral corner reflectors of various wave sizes with different face shapes were calculated, error estimation for their backscattering diagrams were determined using a set of irradiator assemblies. Ratios are obtained for estimating of width of the lobe of the bistatic scattering indicatrix at the level of –3 dB of trihedral corner reflectors with triangular, radial, and square face shapes, and a recommendation on the rational choice of the working frequency of the assembly when implementing large-scale electrodynamic modeling is made.
Study of radio channel stealth in networks with MU-MIMO technology
Authors: Sukharev A. D. , Piskunov D. B.
Published: July 2020

In the course of research activities in the field of new technologies of information interaction of on-board equipment of objects of rocket-space and aviation equipment, as well as study of protection of information against leakage through technical channels, there was a hypothesis, about stealth of radio channel formed by means of new and promising developing technologies. The article discusses the use of radio wave interference control technologies (on adaptive formation of the sum of the signal phases) for beam formation. The features of the MU-MIMO and OFDMA technologies, which allows several simultaneous outgoing streams (downlink, uplink), providing simultaneous servicing of several devices at once, which increases the performance of the network as a whole, are considered. The implementation of the secrecy of the operation of the radio channel based on the considered technology for potential unauthorized detection of the operation of the radio channel and access to the transmitted information outside the beam pointing points is considered. Based on the description of the technology and on-site experiments, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are formulated on the methodology for detecting unauthorized data transfer implemented on the basis of the technology considered.
Transfusies van bloedproducten bij de hond: een retrospectieve studie
Authors: Boonstra M. , Mortier F. , Marynissen S. , Paepe D.
Published: July 2020

De doelstelling van deze studie bestond uit het uitvoeren van een retrospectieve analyse van de transfusies die in het jaar 2018 aan honden werden toegediend in de Kliniek Kleine Huisdieren van de Faculteit Diergeneeskunde in Merelbeke, Universiteit Gent. In totaal werden 87 honden in deze studie ingesloten, die samen een totaal van 140 transfusies hebben gehad. Het aantal transfusies met “packed red blood cells” (n = 85) lag driemaal hoger dan het aantal toedieningen van “fresh frozen plasma” (n = 28) of vers volbloed (n = 27). De meest frequent gestelde diagnose was primaire immuungemedieerde hemolytische anemie en daarnaast lag bij opvallend veel honden, in vergelijking met eerdere studies, coumarine-intoxicatie aan de basis van het uitvoeren van een transfusie met bloedproducten. Transfusiereacties traden op bij 23,2% van de transfusies, waarbij koorts het vaakst werd gezien.
‘Master Tommy Lucretius’: Thomas Gray’s Posthumous Life Writing and Conversing with the Dead in his Poetry to Richard West
Authors: Morland James
Published: July 2020

This article considers Thomas Gray’s use of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura in his prolific period of writing following Richard West’s death. Gray claims himself as ‘Master Tommy Lucretius’ in reference to his Latin philosophical poem, De Principiis Cogitandi; this self-presentation as a Lucretian poet continues through his English poetry concerning West’s death. Gray’s reference to conversing with the dead in a letter to West suggests that Gray’s poetry concerning West can be considered a form of posthumous life writing in two specific senses: one as a continued memorializing West’s life by Gray, and the other as a concurrent chronicling of Gray’s grief. They reach their culmination when Gray puts his questioning of poetry as a form of memorial into action when using Lucretius’ biography, and its associations with suicide, as a model of the suicidal poetic narrator in his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. The Elegy marks an end to Gray’s use of Lucretius and De Rerum Natura to question the living’s responsibility for continuing a posthumous memorial of the dead after West’s death.
Un-earthing the Eighteenth-Century Churchyard: Charlotte Smith’s Life Writing Among the Dead
Authors: Metcalf James
Published: July 2020

The work of poet and novelist Charlotte Smith (1749–1806) has been consistently associated with life writing through the successive revelations of her autobiographical paratexts. While the life of the author is therefore familiar, Smith’s contribution to the relationship between life writing and death has been less examined. Several of her novels and poems demonstrate an awareness of and departure from the tropes of mid-eighteenth-century ‘graveyard poetry’. Central among these is the churchyard, and through this landscape Smith revises the literary community of the ‘graveyard school’ but also its conventional life writing of the dead. Reversing the recuperation of the dead through religious, familial, or other compensations common to elegies, epitaphs, funeral sermons, and ‘graveyard poetry’, Smith unearths merely decaying corpses; in doing so she re-writes the life of the dead and re-imagines the life of living communities that have been divested of the humic foundations the idealised, familiar, localised dead provide. Situated in the context of churchyard literature and the churchyard’s long history of transmortal relationships, this article argues that Smith’s sonnet ‘Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex’ (1789) intervenes in the reclamation of the dead through life writing to interrogate what happens when these consolatory processes are eroded.
Cytoarchitecture: Digital Dismembering and Remembering in Cyberspace
Authors: Newport Emma
Published: July 2020

Between 2012 and 2017, a contributor to Mumsnet, a popular parenting forum online, began recording a third-person account under the pseudonym IamtheZombie, covering first her divorce and then her experience of cancer. In January 2017, IamtheZombie died. Preserved by MumsnetHQ, the threads form a tissue of posts: a text-culture that explores para-sociality between the living and the dead. Building on existing scholarship on digital life writing, on the afterlives of digital footprints and on recent work in the fields of memory studies, computing and neurobiology, this essay offers a new interdisciplinary framework for describing relationality in life writing on illness, dying and death: cytoarchitecture.
Oriri ex cinere
Authors: Hurlbut Spring
Published: July 2020

In Oriri ex cinere (rising from the ashes), artist Spring Hurlbut recounts the inspiration and process behind the photographic and video work she has created using cremated human and animal ashes. Hurlbut’s lines, quadrilaterals and circles of ash have an integrity of form that keeps them whole and intact, and another force that dissipates their structure, suggestive of the dissolution that ultimately affects all living forms. Her video, Airborne, shows ashes of named individuals emerging from black boxes and riding the air currents in a dance involving the movements of the living and the vestiges of the dead. Hurlbut draws attention to the reality of death that is generally cloistered in our society. Through her activation of human and animal ashes, she gives the dead a chance to engage once again with life.
Applying Translational Research in University-Industry Collaboration through Crab Farming for Socio-Economic Alleviation of Disadvantage Communities
Authors: Hashim Rugayah , Mohd Yusoff Saiful Bahari , Aminuddin Zaidi Mohd , Ismail Aida Maria
Published: July 2020

Innovations can be translated into social entrepreneurship to benefit disadvantage communities. This paper narrates the social entrepreneurship project between Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) and Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor (UCS). UNIMAS’s crab cage innovation was implemented at the Pulau Salak community in Santubong, Sarawak. The social entrepreneurship expertise was provided by UCS. The translational research cum collaborative project has improved the living standards by exploiting on the built environment which is perfect for crab farming. Aquaculture as a cash crop will ensure food security and significant economic growth. Translational research projects should be the new normal after the pandemic lockdowns.   Keywords: Translational research; Social entrepreneurship; Socio-economy; Aquaculture.    eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.    DOI:https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2098
A Comparative Analysis between Shariah Audit and Shariah Review in Islamic Banks in Malaysia: Practitioners’ Perspective
Authors: Yasoa' Mohd Rushdan , Wan Abdullah Wan Amalina , Endut Wan Anisah
Published: July 2020

This paper compares Shariah audit and Shariah review in Islamic banks in Malaysia based on reporting structure, independence, the scope of duties, technology used, guideline and methodology, coverage period, and officers’ qualification. The study employs a qualitative method by utilizing semi-structured interviews with nine (9) key industry players. Data gathered from a series of interviews have been transcripted and analyzed using Atlas.ti. This study uncovers that Shariah review and Shariah audit have apparent differences and play their roles as a second and third line of defense, respectively, that eventually could provide a stimulus to Shariah governance and strengthen market confidence.
 Keywords: Shariah audit, Shariah review, Islamic banks, qualitative method.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2208
Patient and health professional’s perception of available mobile application (app) for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (Preprint)
Authors: Ding Mingshuang , Nallamad Vidyashree , Wiffen Harry
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: Gestational diabetes mellites (GDM) is a type of diabetes that commonly occur in the second part of the pregnancy and usually goes away once the baby is born. Maternal risk associated with GDM are pre-eclampsia, caesarean delivery, perineal trauma, post-partum haemorrhage and delayed breastfeeding. Possible neonatal risk also included macrosomia growth restriction, birth injuries, respiratory distress, hypoglycaemia and jaundice. Dietary advice and blood glucose monitoring and glucose-lowering therapy should be offered to diagnosed patients.
The increasing ownership of mobile phones and advances in mobile applications (apps) provide an innovative personalised management among women with GDM.
Numerous mobile phone apps are available for women to gain access via app stores, however to our knowledge, no review has documented both health professional and patient’s perception of those apps. The use of telemedicine was convincingly shown to result in better glucose control, but reduced costs to the health system or patients, and patient or health-carer acceptability were not clearly demonstrated due to limited data.

OBJECTIVE

Aim: This review was aimed to discover patient and health professional’s perception of mobile apps available for managing GDM via both app stores and 5 relevant electronic databases.

METHODS

Method: Two separate searches were conducted, i.e. app stores (iTunes and Google Play store), electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane library, Medline, PsycINFO and PubMed using major key words: patient, health professional, perception, mobile application and gestational diabetes.

RESULTS

Result: Seven studies were included in the final analysis. We categorised articles under two themes: 1) patient’s experiences of available mobile apps focused on GDM and 2) health professional’s feedback on mobile apps focused on GDM. Only two studies focused on both patient and health professional’s perception on mobile apps to manage GDM.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: There is a limited body of research on mobile apps in relation to both patient and health professional’s perception of GDM management. Mobile apps can be an effective way to manage GDM, but apps should not be restricted to collecting and providing information only. Collected data should be shared as a communication platform for both patients and health professional to be utilised as an active tool to update GDM treatment plans.
PCR Primer Spesifik Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome b untuk Deteksi Garangan (Herpestes javanicus) secara Molekuler
Authors: Subrata Sena Adi , Subeno Subeno , Syahbudin Atus
Published: July 2020

Garangan (Herpestes javanicus) merupakan salah satu spesies meso-carnivora yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem sebagai pemangsa. Kehadirannya dianggap mampu mengendalikan populasi spesies mangsa, termasuk beberapa spesies hama. Namun anggapan ini dianggap hanya anekdot karena kekurangan data ekologis pendukungnya sebagai dampak dari kesulitan pengamatan visual atas spesies ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang PCR primer untuk deteksi Garangan secara molekuler dari material organik yang ditinggalkan, misalnya kotoran. Perancangan PCR primer dimulai dengan memilih penanda spesifik Garangan yang melibatkan 51 sekuen DNA gen Cytochrome-b dari 19 spesies karnivora Jawa, menentukan primer forward dan reverse, dan menguji in-silico dan in vitro dari primer yang berhasil dirancang. Proses tersebut dilakukan dengan bantuan software MEGA 5 dan SP-Designer, dan memanfaatkan basis data genetik dari GenBank (NCBI). Uji in silico dan in vitro menunjukkan bahwa sekuen primer forward 5’- CAAATCACACCCACTCATTAAAATC-3’ dan reverse 5’-TGTGGGTTACTGATGAAAAGG-3’ akan mampu mendeteksi Garangan secara molekuler dari material organik spesies ini. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengumpulan data dasar kehadiran Garangan untuk mengumpulkan informasi lanjut tentang okupansi, distribusi spesies, dan pakannya. Informasi ini merupakan fondasi untuk memahami peran spesies ini dalam ekosistem. Specific PCR Primers Based on Cytochrome-b Gene for Molecular Detection of JavanMongoose (Herpestes javanicus)AbstractJavan Mongoose is a meso-carnivore species that have an important role in ecosystem as a predator. It is believed that its occurrence controls prey populations including some pest species. However, the belief is an anecdote because of lacking supportive data. Difficulty in visually observing the species is a major problem preventing data collection. This study aims to design PCR primer for detecting the Mongoose molecularly from organic material remaining, such as feces. The design starts with selecting specific marker from 51 DNA sequences of cytochrome-b. The DNA sequences were of 19 Javan carnivore collected from GenBank (NCBI). PCR primers were designed and tested using both in-silico and in-vitro techniques. The sequence collection and selection, and primer design process employed MEGA 5 and SP-Designer software. We successfully designed PCR primers: forward 5’- CAAATCACACCCACTCATTAAAATC-3’ dan reverse 5’-TGTGGGTTACTGATGAAAAGG-3’. The primer is capable of detecting Javan Mongoose from remaining organic material. The study contributed to basic data collection of Javan Mongoose for advanced studies such as occupancy modeling, species distribution modeling and diet analysis. This information is fundamental for understanding the role of the Javan Mongoose in an ecosystem.
Sifat Dasar Kayu Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) dari Sukabumi dan Potensi Penggunaannya
Authors: Prihatini Esti , Maddu Akhrudin , Rahayu Istie Sekartinging , Kurniati Mersi
Published: July 2020

Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) adalah pohon cepat tumbuh yang banyak ditemukan di Sukabumi. Kayu ini tumbuh di hampir semua wilayah Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil pengujian sifat dasar (struktur anatomi, kimia, sifat fisis dan mekanis) kayu ganitri yang diambil dari hutan rakyat di daerah Sukabumi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi penggunan kayu ganitri berdasarkan sifat dasar dan penggunaan kayu oleh masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kayu ganitri memiliki kayu teras berwarna kuning dan kayu gubal berwarna putih. Corak kayu polos dan tekstur halus. Arah serat lurus sampai berpadu, kayu lunak, tidak mengkilap, dan tidak berbau. Berdasarkan nilai dimensi serat dan nilai turunannya, kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Mutu II. Kayu ganitri memiliki kadar holoselulosa dan selulosa yang tinggi (70,70% dan 54,58%), kadar sedang untuk lignin 21,60%, ekstraktif alkohol-benzena 3,47%, dan kadar abu 0,81%. Dengan berat jenis (BJ) kering udara 0,35 kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Kuat IV. Kayu tersebut disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan konstruksi ringan, perkakas, furnitur, kayu lapis, papan sambung dan produk panel. Basic Properties of Ganitri Wood (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum from Sukabumi and Its Potential UsesAbsractGanitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) is a fastgrowing tree that is widely found in Sukabumi, West Java. It grows in all part of Indonesia. A research was carried out to investigate basic properties (anatomical, physical, mechanical, and chemical) of ganitri wood from the community forest of Sukabumi. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential use of ganitri wood based on its basic properties and local utilization. The results showed that the color of ganitri sapwood was white , and it was not clearly demarcated from the yellow, with fewer figure patterns. The texture was fine with straight to interlocked grain. The wood was soft, not lustrous, and no special odor. Based on the fibre dimensions and derivative values, the quality of ganitri wood fell in Class II as a raw material for pulp and paper. Ganitri had high holocellulose and cellulose levels (70.70% and 54.58%), moderate level in lignin (21.60%), and it contained 3.47% extractive soluble in alcohol-benzene, and 0.81% ash. Based on its air dry specific gravity (0,35), ganitri wood could be classified into wood Strength Class IV. The potential uses of ganitri are for lightweight construction material, tools, furniture, plywood, connecting boards, and other panel products.
On Presumptions, Burdens of Proof, and Explanations
Authors: Bodlović Petar
Published: July 2020

On the standard view, all presumptions share the same deontic function: they asymmetrically allocate the burden of proof. But what, exactly, does this function amount to? Once presumptions are rejected, do they place the burden of arguing, the burden of explanation, or the most general burden of reasoning on their opponents? In this paper, I take into account the differences between cognitive and practical presumptions and argue that the standard accounts of deontic function are at least ambiguous (because two types of presumptions entail distinct conceptions of the “burden of proof”), and likely implausible. As a result, they require qualifications.
Evidence, Persuasion and Diversity
Authors: Allen Derek
Published: July 2020

My topic is the theme of the E-OSSA 12 conference, namely Evidence, Persuasion and Diversity. I will present relevant material from a selection of Canadian legal cases, along with background information as needed and commentary. My primary focus will be on two landmark Supreme Court of Canada cases—an Aboriginal law case and a case that was both a constitutional law case and a criminal law case.
British Policy in Palestine: Interests versus Reality (1917-1922)
Authors: Samarskaia Liudmila Maksimovna
Published: July 2020

The period between the publication of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 and League of Nations mandates official assignment to Great Britain in 1922 was not lengthy, but highly eventful. All this time England was maneuvring between the Jewish and the Arab national movements, which also gradually formed their own demands and objectives. The problem was, pursuing British interests was possible through maneuvring only, as support of just one local force was not quite strategically advantageous. Britains official commitment to the Balfour Declaration remained at the core of its policy, however it could not completely ignore the demands of the Arab polutaion of Palestine. Although there were quite a number of British administrators and imperial politicians, who were sympathetic towards the Zionist cause and thus were ready to meet their requests to a certain extent, adherence to the British Middle East interests remained crucial to them. The idea of a Jewish national home (not a state, though) in Palestine did not come into contradiction with the general policy of Great Britain in the Middle East: it was rather its integral part. At the same time implementing the Zionist project had to be in line with it: any relatively radical (from the British administrators point of view) proposals were rejected or postponed indefinitely. Towards the Arabs of Palestine Great Britain was conducting mainly declarative policy without any serious consideration of their problems and grievances, although trying to appease their demands to a certain extent. Even the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921 did not cause a serious change in the British political course in Palestine, although they did contribute to the emergence of Churchills White Paper in 1922, declaring certain concessions to the Arab national movement, which never accepted the document. At the same time British policy in general was neither pro-Zionist, nor pro-Arab: England was pursuing its long-term strategic goals in the Middle East, skillfully utilizing Zionist and Arab national movements to achieve them.
Gaitan: The Fate of the Columbian Liberal
Authors: Ivanov Nikolaj Serafimovich
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the political views, circumstances and consequences of the tragic death of Jorge Elicer Gaitn (1903-1948) - the most prominent political figure of Colombia in the XX century. The aim of the publication is to analyze on the basis of new sources and materials the ideology and policy of gaitanismo, the international and regional context of the events of 1948, the beginning of the Cold war in the Western hemisphere, connected with the decisions of the IX Panamerican conference in Bogot, the attitude of the US authorities towards Gaitan, the investigation of the murder of the prominent Colombian politician. The author comes to the conclusion that in the situation of the Cold war the USA was the main interested party in the Gaitns elimination. Truman's administration was determined to suppress not only the Socialist and Communist parties in Latin America, but also the liberalism, focused on national and social goals.
The Phenomenon of Company Towns: Specific Features of Their Genesis and Development
Authors: Ulyanychev Maxim A.
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the social phenomenon of single-industry towns (company towns), their role in the modern market economy, their genesis in Russia and other countries. The author observes historical stages of development of single-industry towns in Russia, as well as the features of their occurrence in the Soviet Union in connection with city-forming enterprises, which in addition to economic activities performed social functions. The characteristics of the development of single-industry towns in Europe, North America and are being compared. Distinctive features of the industrial enterprises of the cities formed in the Soviet Union are allocated. The article analyzes the problems of functioning and development of single-industry towns, examines foreign and domestic strategies for the rehabilitation of single-industry municipalities, including current measures to support such towns in the Russian Federation.
US-India Nexus & Chinese Appraisal: Triangular Exertions in Central & East Asia (Brief Description)
Authors: Nisar Rana Danish
Published: July 2020

Apart from the past ideological differences, distrust, divergence of the interests, US and India relationships has been transformed from the estrangement to partnership and at least into potent nexus with the awake of the twenty first century. Since the threshold of the century, Asia is the central part of the world politics where several regional and extra-regional actors are trying to secure their interests and want to maintain their hegemony. Apart from India, China and Japan, the US and Russia are the powerful players in the Asian political theatre. After the collapse of the USSR, India and China have emerged as strong regional powers and they are playing their imperative role in the Asian affairs. Fast growth of Chinese economics, arms modernization, advancement in the technology and its course of actions in Asian region and in the sea lane of transportation push the US leadership to reshape its security policies and choose new alliance by adoption of alliance making theory in the context of balance of power in the Asia to secure its position in the region and balance or counter rising threats. Besides this, due to Indian democratic values, rising power, strategical position near the Indian Ocean, nuclear potential and power to contain China, Delhi is perceived in Washington as a valuable ally. The ‘India VS China’ in the context of economic race, past rivalry, and border issues and ‘The US VS China’ indicate that the US takes India as a countervail power to balance China in Asian periphery and wants balance of power. According to Chinese political analysts, the aim behind the ongoing US-India juxtaposition is to counter the rising China. This article tries to answer the following questions: “What is the crucial factor behind the inauguration of current US-India Nexus and specially in East and Central Asia?”, “What is the general perception of China regarding US-India nexus?”, “And what is the course of actions of three powers in Central and East Asia to preserve their positions and interests in respective regions?”.
Eye Tracking: Potential Applications for Public Management, Political Branding and Election Campaigns
Authors: Ignatovskiy Yaroslav R. , Ivanov Vladimir G.
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes potential of applying contemporary eye-tracking technologies in the areas of analytical support of political activities and public administration. The authors conclude that eye-tracking research could be applied to planning of information and election campaigns, counter-extremism activities in the Internet, party branding and political SMM. The article shows that in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, an increasing share of information, management and regulatory functions are performed online, which further updates the possibilities of using eye-tracking to improve remote public services and optimize their usability.
The influence of the abiotic factors on the Tilia cordata Juss., growing on the RUDN University campus
Authors: Mamadzhanov Roman Kh. , Khaustov Alexander P. , Redina Margarita M. , Umarov Muhadi U.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the main abiotic factors, which influence could be affect the ecosystems components - plant community ( Tilia cordata Juss. ) growing in the RUDN University campus. The abiotic factors which as wet, temperature, the concentration of the CO, NO2, H2S and soot in the atmosphere and the topsoil, sounds value, radiation in the environment, the pH and Eh in the topsoil have been measured. The morphological parameters and the asymmetry indexes of leaves of the Tilia cordata Juss. have been revealed. Based on these data set the influences of the main abiotic factors has been identified. The distribution of the asymmetry indexes of leaves of Tilia cordata Juss . growing near Miklykho-Maklaya Street and Leninskii Prospekt Highway and far away from here has been described.
Estimation of various factors impact on the area of oil patches in the Middle Volga region
Authors: Volkova Nadezhda I. , Naumov Viktor S. , Plastinin Andrey E. , Zakharov Vasily N.
Published: July 2020

The paper estimates the impact of various factors on the oil pollution area for the purpose of solving the problems concerning forecasting during oil spills from the inland waterways vessels (on the example of the Middle Volga region). The following factors were considered: current velocity, air temperature, water temperature, volume and type of spilled oil product, wave height, river bank tortuosity, wind speed and wind direction, bank type, river width. A fractional two-level factorial plan of Box and Hunter has been developed aiming to test the significance of the studied factors. Mathematical modeling of a group of oil spill scenarios in the Middle Volga region has been carried out. It has been revealed that the volume of the spilled oil product, the wave height and the river bank tortuosity impact the oil patch area to a large extent. Based on the results obtained, the authors suggest the order for ranking factors into four groups according to the degree of impact on the oil patch area, depending on the specified effect quantity: extremely significant, especially significant, highly significant and moderately significant. The research results have been applied in the working out of more than 30 object plans for the prevention and elimination of oil spills of organizations engaged in oil transportation and handling, vessel bunkering in the Middle Volga region, as well as the plan for oil spill prevention and elimination in the Volga basin of inland waterways.
Terms of Address in Guam (Chamorro) Variety of the English Language as a Means to Express Guamanians’ National Identity
Authors: Il’ina Svetlana S. , Bekisheva Yuliya V.
Published: July 2020

The article is part of the authors big research on the forms of address in Asian varieties of the English language, which will finally be reflected in the Dictionary of the Forms of Address in World Englishes: Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Guam. Effective and successful communication largely depends on the forms of address used by the speakers. Being social phenomena, forms of address can vary from culture to culture following the traditions and etiquette rules of this culture. The questionnaires on the forms of address filled in by Guamanians; two dictionaries on Chamorro English; local newspapers analyses; and personal observations of the authors turned out a solid proof of the hypothesis that even though speaking English as a second language, Guamanians make English their local variety, with forms of address typical to Guam variety of the English language. Quantitative, descriptive, and observation methods were used to analyze the forms of address in Chamorro variety of the English language, and classification of the forms of address used by the native people of Guam was formed and presented in the article.
Bilingualism or Monolingualism? (Some Aspects of the Bilingualism and Dyglossia in Literary Creativity)
Authors: Khukhuni Georgy T. , Valuitseva Irina I.
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with some issues connected with the notions of bilingualism and diglossia in literary creativity. The main object of the investigation is the opposition: standard language / territorial dialect, and the leading criterion of the delimitation between the said phenomena - the existence / absence of the specific codified norm. Some other factors such as the genetic affinity of the idioms and the language policy towards them are also considered.
Experience of Russian Language Teaching in the Interdom
Authors: Sotova Irina A. , Parfenova Elena L.
Published: July 2020

The article presents an experience of Russian language teaching in International children’s home (Interdom). It describes pedagogical conditions which allows creating of developing environment for the pupils and achieving of high results of Russian language teaching in multilingual audience of pupils. The main difficulties that students encounter in the process of immersion in a new cultural and linguistic atmosphere are analyzed.
Celebrity gossip as a genre in English-language mass media discourse
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana V. , Khakimova Gulnara Sharifullovna
Published: July 2020

The multidimensionality of rumours as part and parcel of mass communication has stipulated the research in their linguistic nature. The present paper studies this specific communication phenomenon and the discursive practices by means of which it is realized across the Anglophone mass media discourse continuum. The theory of discourse-analysis underpinning the present paper predetermines an integrative approach with various methods employed. This approach makes it possible to gain an insight into the complex nature of the object under study. The research is targeted at media rumours, namely celebrity gossip, manifested in on-line versions of the printed press and original web outlets in 2015-2018. The main goal of the research is to reveal specific features of media rumors as a speech genre in the Anglophone media communication. Celebrity gossip texts make up the empiric material for the present study. This aim is achieved via the description of the content and form of the text-type structure supplemented by an application of stylistic analysis. In terms of the topics, the findings demonstrate a wide variety of topoi comprising both public (social interactions) and private spheres of celebrities’ life with an emphasis on privacy, sensationalism and scandalous impropriety as dominant discursive characteristics of the text-type samples under study. The structure of the celebrity gossip discourse is represented by texts in different journalistic forms: from informative genres to feature type variations used by authors as means of constructing celebrity culture. The information of trivial content and questionable validity because of its unverified character is disguised as reports of high testimonial trustworthiness and epistemic value with the help of a variety of language and textual resources. The results of the study enable us to argue that within the mass media communication there exists a specific discourse which is hybrid by nature and non-evidential by verification.
The conceptual environment of the frontier discourse in humanities
Authors: Sinelnikova Lara N.
Published: July 2020

The concept of frontier has been formed for a long time and in different directions. The main characteristics of a frontier - its flexible borders, a zone of space development characterised by uncertainty and instability - have proved their importance for understanding and describing the current state of the environment with regard to its social, cultural, communicative and linguistic indicators. The interdisciplinary (transcendental) potential of a frontier is realised in a complementary combination of natural-scientific and humanitarian scholarship. The aim of the present paper is to justify the scholarly integrity of the term frontier discourse the conceptual milieu of which is created through two overlapping multi-layered phenomena: frontier and discourse. The paper names the vectors of expanding the interdisciplinary possibilities of a frontier under the conditions of a discourse approach. Frontier as a flexible border is presented in the Internet communication, the socio-cultural space of the modern city, in the daily behavioural norms of the elite, in the family relations and in many other conceptual spheres the list of which remains open based on the ontological features of a frontier. Based on the examples from Russian and foreign literature, the author demonstrates the role of the frontier modus in the interpretation of literary texts whose plot, style and images are projected onto national history, culture, mentality in the by-border characteristics. Such frontier features as instability, its ability to create an interaction zone, which, under certain conditions, can lead to integration, are important for understanding the problems of modern language, speech and genre norms. The byborder territory is a place accumulating violations of traditional norms and providing the material which is necessary in order to anticipate the arising norm changes. The transformation of traditional genres and the formation of new ones also take place on frontier territories. It is concluded that frontier discourse ensures the understanding of norm movements in genre-stylistic characteristics.
perbandingan perbandingan efektivitas pemberian minuman isotonik dan air tebu terhadap daya tahan otot selama aktifitas lari 30 menit
Authors: Ziraluo Evan charista , Putri Lubis Yolanda Eliza
Published: July 2020

Latar belakang: aktivitas olahraga akan memberi manfaat   kesehatan tubuh  tetapi hal ini menjadi masalah jika pada saat melakukan olahraga tubuh menggalami kelelahan. Minuman isotonik merupakan minuman yang memiliki tingkat osmolaritas yang sama dengan tubuh sehingga dapat mengembalikan stamina dan memberikan daya tahan otot.sedangkan air tebu memiliki kandungan nutrisi vitamin dan mineral yang berfungsi sebagai penambah stamina dan juga dapat mencegah tubuh dari dehidrasiTujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui  efektifitas perbandingan pemberian minuman isotonik dan air tebu terhadap daya tahan otot selama aktivitas lari 30 menit.

Metodologi: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental quasi bersifat komparatif dengan rancangan pre-test dan post-test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA NEGERI 1 BINJAI KAB. LANGKAT dengan rentang usia 15-16 tahun (n=15) Subjek penelitian menjalani tiga perlakuan, yaitu minuman mineral  , isotonik, dan air tebu. Daya tahan otot ditentukan dengan mengukur banyaknya putaran lari lapangan bola basket selama 30 menit. Pemberian minuman mineral, isotonik ,air tebu dilakukan pada menit 0, 10, dan 20 dengan masing-masing sebanyak 150 ml

Hasil: hasil dari penelitian rata-rata total hasil putaran  kontrol adalah 52,27 , isotonik 59,40  , air tebu 68,33  uji stastitik menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kelompok  isotonik dan air tebu dengan p=0,000,

Kesimpulan: air tebu efektif untuk daya tahan otot