bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrate removal study of synthesized nano γ-alumina and magnetite-alumina nanocomposite adsorbents prepared by various methods and precursors
Authors: Khatamian Maasoumeh , Derakhshan Saeedeh Khadivi , Nami Shamin Hosseini , Fazli-Shokouhi Sara
Published: April 2024

The challenges in water treatment include the need for efficient removal of pollutants like nitrate, which poses significant environmental and health risks. Alumina's significance lies in its proven effectiveness as an adsorbent for nitrate removal due to its high surface area and affinity for nitrate ions. This study delves into the synthesis of differen nano-sized γ-alumina (γA1-5) employing diverse precursors and methods, including nepheline syenite, lime, aluminum hydroxide, precipitation, and hydrothermal processes at varying reaction times. Simultaneously, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and magnetite/γ-alumina nanocomposites (Fn/γA5) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method with varying weight ratios (n). Our primary objective was to optimize γ-alumina synthesis by comparing multiple methods, shedding light on the influence of different precursors and sources. Hence, a comprehensive adsorption study was conducted to assess the materials’ efficacy in nitrate removal. This study fills gaps in the literature, providing a novel perspective through the simultaneous assessment of magnetite/alumina nanocomposites and pure alumina performance. Structural and morphological properties were studied employing XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, XRD, and VSM techniques. The conducted experiments for γA5, F5/γA5, and F10/γA5 nanocomposites showcased the optimum pH of 5 and contact time of 45 min for all samples. The influence of nitrate’s initial concentration on the removal percentage was investigated with initial concentrations of 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. γA5, F5/γA5 and F10/γA5 nanocomposites had 17.3%, 55%, and 70% at 10 ppm, 18%, 55.16%, and 74% at 50 ppm, and 8.6%, 53.1%, and 63%, respectively. The results highlighted that F10/γA5 can be used as a remarkable adsorbent for wastewater treatment purposes.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy and renal damage in central China: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: He Huimin , Wang Zheng , Xu Jiayun , Liu Yun , Shao Yeqing , Hou Yulong , Gu Jinping , Hu Ruimin , Xing Guolan
Published: April 2024

Renal involvement is common in monoclonal gammopathy (MG); however, the same patient may have both MG and non-paraprotein-associated renal damage. Accordingly, distinguishing the cause of renal damage is necessary because of the different clinical characteristics and associated treatments. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we described the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 703 patients with MG and renal damage in central China. Patients were classified as having MG of renal significance (MGRS), MG of undetermined significance (MGUS), or hematological malignancy. 260 (36.98%), 259 (36.84%), and 184 (26.17%) had MGRS, MGUS, and hematological malignancies, respectively. Amyloidosis was the leading pattern of MGRS (74.23%), followed by thrombotic microangiopathy (8.85%) and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (8.46%). Membranous nephropathy was the leading diagnosis of MGUS (39.38%). Renal pathological findings of patients with hematological malignancies included paraprotein-associated lesions (84.78%) and non-paraprotein-associated lesions (15.22%). The presence of nephrotic syndrome and an abnormal free light chain (FLC) ratio were independently associated with MGRS. The overall survival was better in patients with MGUS than in those with MGRS or hematological malignancies.
The link between initial cardiac rhythm and survival outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest using propensity score matching, adjustment, and weighting
Authors: Han Yong , Hu Haofei , Shao Yuankai , Deng Zhe , Liu Dehong
Published: April 2024

The association between the initial cardiac rhythm and short-term survival in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has not been extensively studied despite the fact that it is thought to be a prognostic factor in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to look at the relationship between initial shockable rhythm and survival to hospital discharge in individuals with IHCA. 1516 adults with IHCA who received chest compressions lasting at least two minutes at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2006 and 2014 made up the study population. Propensity scores were estimated using a fitted multivariate logistic regression model. Various statistical methodologies were employed to investigate the association between shockable rhythm and the probability of survival to discharge in patients experiencing IHCA, including multivariate adjustment, propensity score adjustment, propensity score matching, and logistic regression based on propensity score weighting. In the original cohort, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.312 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.515–3.531, P < 0.001). In additional propensity score adjustment, the OR between shockable rhythm and the probability of survival to hospital discharge in IHCA patients was 2.282 (95% CI: 1.486, 3.504, P < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model analysis revealed that patients with shockable rhythm had a 1.761-fold higher likelihood of surviving to hospital release in the propensity score-matched cohort (OR = 2.761, 95% CI: 1.084–7.028, P = 0.033). The multivariate-adjusted OR of the inverse probability for the treatment-weighted cohort was 1.901 (95% CI: 1.507–2.397, P < 0.001), and the standardized mortality ratio-weighted cohort was 2.692 (95% CI: 1.511–4.795, P < 0.001). In patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, Initial cardiac rhythm is an independent predictor of survival to hospital discharge. Depending on various statistical methods, patients with IHCA who have a shockable rhythm have a one to two fold higher probability of survival to discharge than those who have a non-shockable rhythm. This provides a reference for optimizing resuscitation decisions for IHCA patients and facilitating clinical communication.
Extraction of heavy metals from copper tailings by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with the assistance of degradable chelating agents
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Xue Jinchun , Zhang Liping , He Min , You Jiajia
Published: April 2024

Heavy metal contamination is an urgent ecological governance problem in mining areas. In order to seek for a green and environmentally friendly reagent with better plant restoration effect to solve the problem of low efficiency in plant restoration in heavy metal pollution soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three biodegradable chelating agents, namely citric acid (CA), fulvic acid (FA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP), on the physicochemical properties of copper tailings, growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and heavy metal accumulation therein. The results showed that the chelating agent application improved the physicochemical properties of copper tailings, increased the biomass of ryegrass and enriched more Cu and Cd in copper tailings. In the control group, the main existing forms of Cu and Cd were oxidizable state, followed by residual, weak acid soluble and reducible states. After the CA, FA or PASP application, Cu and Cd were converted from the residual and oxidizable states to the reducible and weak acid soluble states, whose bioavailability in copper tailings were thus enhanced. Besides, the chelating agent incorporation improved the Cu and Cd extraction efficiencies of ryegrass from copper tailings, as manifested by increased root and stem contents of Cu and Cd by 30.29–103.42%, 11.43–74.29%, 2.98–110.98% and 11.11–111.11%, respectively, in comparison with the control group. In the presence of multiple heavy metals, CA, FA or PASP showed selectivity regarding the ryegrass extraction of heavy metals from copper tailings. PCA analysis revealed that the CA-4 and PASP-7 treatment had great remediation potentials against Cu and Cd in copper tailings, respectively, as manifested by increases in Cu and Cd contents in ryegrass by 90.98% and 74.29% compared to the CK group.
Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder, caffeine withdrawal and perceived harm in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdoli Fatemeh , Davoudi Mohammadreza , Momeni Fereshte , Djafari Farhang , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Aliyaki Hajar , Khalili Zahra
Published: April 2024

One of the informal diagnoses in DSM-5 is Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD). CUD and high levels of caffeine consumption could impact mental health conditions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CUD, caffeine consumption, caffeine-related harms, and related psychiatric symptoms in Iran. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 1228 adults were conducted in Iran. Caffeine consumption was assessed across 20 products in Iran. Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms Questionnaire (CWSQ), 14-item Caffeine-related Harm Screening (CHS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) were used in the present study. We used SPSS (desktop version 26.0) to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and the least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test. The daily average caffeine consumption was 146.67 mg. The prevalence of CUD and caffeine withdrawal (C.W.) were estimated at 19.5% and 46.62%, respectively. Also, 12.9% of responders received CUD and C.W.s simultaneously. The prevalence of CUD was higher in men than females (25.08% vs. 13.93%). 95% of participants (n = 1166) reported using at least one caffeine product yesterday. Moreover, the most reported caffeine-related harms were the desire for sugar (42.9%), insomnia (39.3%), and caffeine dependence (38.3%). Age significantly correlates with CUD (− 0.07) and daily caffeine intake (0.08). Moreover, all SCL-90 subscales had a significant correlation with daily caffeine intake. Finally, responders at younger ages reported higher levels of CUD and caffeine consumption than older adults(P < 0.05). High rates of C.W. and CUD in the Iranian population suggest that it is necessary to develop evidence-based treatments.
Tenovin 3 induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in EGFR 19del non small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Lv Sha , Pan Qianrong , Lu Weijin , Zhang Weisong , Wang Naike , Huang Lijuan , Li Lianjing , Liu Jieyao , Ma Jiamei , Li Zhan , Huang Yong , Deng Qiudi , Lei Xueping
Published: April 2024

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion is a major driver for the drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identification small inhibitor capable of selectively inhibiting EGFR-19del NSCLC is a desirable strategy to overcome drug resistance in NSCLC. This study aims to screen an inhibitor for EGFR exon 19 deletion cells and explore its underlying mechanism. High through-put screen was conducted to identify an inhibitor for EGFR-19del NSCLC cells. And tenovin-3 was identified as a selective inhibitor of PC9 cells, an EGFR-19del NSCLC cells. Tenovin-3 showed particular inhibition effect on PC9 cells proliferation through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, tenovin-3 might induce the apoptosis and ferroptosis of PC9 cells through mitochondrial pathway, as indicated by the change of VDAC1 and cytochrome c (cyt c). And bioinformatics analyses showed that the expression levels of SLC7A11 and CPX4 were correlated with NSCLC patient’s survival. Our findings provide evidences for tenovin-3 to be developed into a novel candidate agent for NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion. Our study also suggests that inducing ferroptosis may be a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion.
Logic-in-memory application of ferroelectric-based WS2-channel field-effect transistors for improved area and energy efficiency
Authors: Kim Huijun , Park Juhwan , Jung Hanggyo , Ra Changho , Jeon Jongwook
Published: April 2024

In this study, we applied ferroelectrics to the gate stack of Field Effect Transistors (FETs) with a 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) channel, actively researching for sub-2nm technology node implementation. Subsequently, we analyzed the circuit characteristics of Logic-in-Memory (LiM) operation and utilized LiM features after applying ferroelectrics to achieve a single-device configuration. Based on well-calibrated simulations, we performed compact modeling in a circuit simulator to depict the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of ferroelectric FETs with a double gate structure and 2D channel (DG 2D-FeFET) in sub-2nm dimensions. Through this, we have confirmed that the 2D FeFET-based LiM technology, designed for the 2 nm technology node, exhibits superior characteristics in terms of delay, power/energy consumption, and circuit area under all temperature conditions, compared to the conventional CMOS technology based on 2D FETs. This verification serves as proof of the future technological potential of 2D-FeFET in extremely scaled-down technology nodes.
Stability and lifetime of diffusion-trapped oxygen in oxide-derived copper CO2 reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Lian Zan , Dattila Federico , López Núria
Published: April 2024

Oxide-derived Cu has an excellent ability to promote C–C coupling in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. However, these materials largely rearrange under reaction conditions; therefore, the nature of the active site remains controversial. Here we study the reduction process of oxide-derived Cu via large-scale molecular dynamics with a precise neural network potential trained on first-principles data and introducing experimental conditions. The oxygen concentration in the most stable oxide-derived Cu increases with an increase of the pH, potential or specific surface area. In long electrochemical experiments, the catalyst would be fully reduced to Cu, but removing all the trapped oxygen takes a considerable amount of time. Although the highly reconstructed Cu surface provides various sites to adsorb oxygen more strongly, the surface oxygen atoms are not stable under common experimental conditions. This work provides insight into the evolution of oxide-derived Cu catalysts and residual oxygen during reaction and also a deep understanding of the nature of active sites.
nanoRAPIDS as an analytical pipeline for the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites in complex culture extracts at the nanoscale
Authors: Nuñez Santiago Isabel , Machushynets Nataliia V. , Mladic Marija , van Bergeijk Doris A. , Elsayed Somayah S. , Hankemeier Thomas , van Wezel Gilles P.
Published: April 2024

Microbial natural products form the basis of most of the antibiotics used in the clinic. The vast majority has not yet been discovered, among others because the hidden chemical space is obscured by previously identified (and typically abundant) antibiotics in culture extracts. Efficient dereplication is therefore key to the discovery of our future medicines. Here we present an analytical platform for the efficient identification and prioritization of low abundance bioactive compounds at nanoliter scale, called nanoRAPIDS. NanoRAPIDS encompasses analytical scale separation and nanofractionation of natural extracts, followed by the bioassay of interest, automated mass spectrometry identification, and Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS) for dereplication. As little as 10 μL crude extract is fractionated into 384 fractions. First, bioactive congeners of iturins and surfactins were identified in Bacillus, based on their bioactivity. Subsequently, bioactive molecules were identified in an extensive network of angucyclines elicited by catechol in cultures of Streptomyces sp. This allowed the discovery of a highly unusual N-acetylcysteine conjugate of saquayamycin, despite low production levels in an otherwise abundant molecular family. These data underline the utility and broad application of the technology for the prioritization of minor bioactive compounds in complex extracts.
Quantification and description of photothermal heating effects in plasmon-assisted electrochemistry
Authors: Al-Amin Md. , Hemmer Johann V. , Joshi Padmanabh B. , Fogelman Kimber , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

A growing number of reports have demonstrated plasmon-assisted electrochemical reactions, though debate exists around the mechanisms underlying the enhanced activity. Here we address the impact of plasmonic photothermal heating with cyclic voltammetry measurements and finite-element simulations. We find that plasmonic photothermal heating causes a reduction in the hysteresis of the anodic and cathodic waves of the voltammograms along with an increase in mass-transport limiting current density due to convection induced by a temperature gradient. At slow scan rates, a temperature difference as low as 1 K between the electrode surface and bulk electrolytic solution enhances the current density greater than 100%. Direct interband excitation of Au exclusively enhances current density by photothermal heating, while plasmon excitation leads to photothermal and nonthermal enhancements. Our study reveals the role of temperature gradients in plasmon-assisted electrochemistry and details a simple control experiment to account for photothermal heating.
Ownership of battery electric vehicles is uneven in Norwegian households
Authors: Qorbani Davood , Korzilius Hubert P. L. M. , Fleten Stein-Erik
Published: April 2024

The transition to a zero-emission passenger vehicle fleet has become imperative because of the growing concerns about climate change. Here, we investigate the trends and socioeconomic determinants influencing emitting and battery electric vehicle ownership using longitudinal data of Norwegian households with any vehicle ownership record from 2005 to 2022, accounting for over 2.7 million unique households. Intriguingly, battery electric vehicle ownership has been concentrated on the wealthiest of those owners. Moreover, almost one in ten households once owned battery electric vehicles discontinued ownership by 2022. Our population-level panel data analysis indicates that larger household size, having children, and working away from the residence municipality are positively linked to owning emitting vehicles, while demonstrating the opposite effect regarding battery electric vehicle ownership. Higher income also appears to drive vehicle ownership positively, irrespective of fuel type.
Large language models reveal big disparities in current wildfire research
Authors: Lin Zhengyang , Chen Anping , Wang Xuhui , Liu Zhihua , Piao Shilong
Published: April 2024

Contemporary fire-human-climate nexus has led to a surge in publication numbers across diverse research disciplines beyond the capability of experts from a single discipline. Here, we employed a generalized large language model to capture the dynamics of wildfire research published between 1980 and 2022. More than 60,000 peer-reviewed papers were scanned and analyzed. Through integrating geographical metadata extracted by the artificial intelligence and satellite wildfire datasets, we found large disparities in geographic patterns and research themes. The hottest spot of wildfire research is western United States, accounting for 15% of publications but only 0.5% of global burnt area, while the world’s most widely burnt region, like Siberia and Africa are largely underrepresented by contemporary publications. Similar discrepancies are found between the fuel of wildfire and its ignition and climatic drivers, between socioeconomic development and wildfire mitigation, raising concerns on sustainable wildfire managements and calling for further artificial intelligence-aided transdisciplinary collaborations.
Co-selection for antibiotic resistance by environmental contaminants
Authors: Murray Laura May , Hayes April , Snape Jason , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara , Gaze William Hugo , Murray Aimee Kaye
Published: April 2024

The environment is increasingly recognised as a hotspot for the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. These can be selected for by antibiotics and non-antibiotic agents (such as metals and biocides), with the evidence to support this well established by observational and experimental studies. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that plant protection products (such as herbicides), and non-antibiotic drugs (such as chemotherapeutic agents), can also co-select for antibiotic resistance. This review aims to provide an overview of four classes of non-antibiotic agents (metals, biocides, plant protection products, and non-antibiotic drugs) and how they may co-select for antibiotic resistance, with a particular focus on the environment. It also aims to identify key knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future work, to better understand these potential co-selective agents.
Entanglement in Resonance Fluorescence
Authors: López Carreño Juan Camilo , Bermúdez Feijoo Santiago , Stobińska Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Particle entanglement is a fundamental resource upon which are based many quantum technologies. In this Article, we introduce a new source of entangled photons based on Resonance Fluorescence delivering photon pairs as a superposition of vacuum and the Bell state $$\left\vert {{{\Phi }}}^{-}\right\rangle$$

Φ

−

. Our proposal relies on the emission from the satellite peaks of a two-level system driven by a strong off-resonant laser, whose intensity controls the frequencies of the entangled photons. Notably, such a frequency tuning can be done without decreasing the degree of entanglement between the photons and, unlike current technologies, the intensity of our source can be increased without the risk of spoiling the signal by including higher-order processes into the emission. Finally, we illustrate the power of our novel source by exciting an ubiquitous condensed-matter system, namely exciton-polaritons, and show that they are left in a maximally entangled steady state.
Response surface methodology for the optimization of process parameters during hot-air frying of chicken sausages incorporated with corn bran
Authors: Adeola Akinlade Florence , Philip Sobukola Olajide , Adesola Adebowale Abdul-Razaq , Adegoke Bakare Henry , Tolulope Omidiran Adebukola
Published: April 2024

Deep-fat frying is still a very popular food processing method among consumers of different age groups despite the negative health implications of consuming too much fat.
Iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin: a promising chemopreventive agent for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hernández-Galdámez Hury Viridiana , Fattel-Fazenda Samia , Flores-Téllez Teresita N. J. , Aguilar-Chaparro Mario Alejandro , Mendoza-García Jonathan , Díaz-Fernández Lidia C. , Romo-Medina Eunice , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Arellanes-Robledo Jaime , De la Garza Mireya , Villa-Treviño Saúl , Piña-Vázquez Carolina
Published: April 2024

In vivo and in vitro evidence suggesting that holo-bLf has the potential to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or to be used in combination with treatments for established HCC.
Adsorption of gases on B12N12 and Al12N12 nanocages
Authors: Geetha Sadasivan Nair Remya , Narayanan Nair Arun Kumar , Sun Shuyu
Published: April 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the adsorption of twenty-four different gases on the B12N12 and Al12N12 nanocages.
Enzymatic functionalization of decellularized tilapia skin scaffolds with enhanced skin regeneration
Authors: Chen Cuixia , Tao Wenwen , Jiang Di , Yang Yanyan , Liang Tiantian , Gu Qilong , Xu Yuran , Zhao Junjuan , Zhou Xing , Fan Xinglong
Published: April 2024

The enzymatic dTS/RGD scaffolds, possessing medium mechanical strength, a rapid degradation rate and enough cell responsive motifs, provide a suitable microenvironment for wound healing, which make them potential in skin regeneration engineering.
PCB-C4D coupled with paper-based microfluidic sampling for the rapid detection of liquid conductivity
Authors: Yang Mingpeng , Cao Mingyi , Zhang Zhixuan , Wang Chaofan
Published: April 2024

A solution conductivity detection method, using PCB-C4D coupled with paper-based microfluidic sampling, has been proposed for the rapid and in situ analysis of raw solution with particle filtration, improving detection consistency and reliability.
Coordinatively unsaturated 5-nitroisophthalate based cobalt(ii) coordination polymers: efficient catalytic CO2 fixation and Hantzsch condensation
Authors: Sahoo Subham , Patra Rajesh , Sarma Debajit
Published: April 2024

Labile-coordinated water-based CPs have been synthesized. SSICG-6 serves as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst in CO2 cycloaddition and one-pot Hantzsch condensation reactions compared to other 1D-reported CPs due to the presence of OMSs.
Highly enhanced cationic dye adsorption from water by nitro-functionalized Zn-MOF nano/microparticles and a biomolecular binder for improving the reusability
Authors: Arunkumar Gunasekaran , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip
Published: April 2024

Zn-MOF with a nitro-functionalized ligand exhibited enhanced cationic dye adsorption, and binder coating improved the reusability.
The mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH on MZrOx (M = Ga, Cr) solid-solution catalysts and effects of lattice strain
Authors: Lu Huili , Yang Deshuai , Chen Zhao-Xu
Published: April 2024

Reaction mechanisms of CO2 to CH3OH on Ga & Cr doped ZrOx were identified with DFT & microkinetic simulations; lattice strain of GaZrOx/CrZrOx promotes/reduces CH3OH selectivity and degrades the linearity of transition state scaling relations.
In situ laser-assisted synthesis of MoS2 anchored on 3D porous graphene foam for enhanced alkaline hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Fu Wenxiang , Yang Jie , Yang Junchao , Zhou Chuan , Zhao Jiang , Huang Qibin
Published: April 2024

Laser-assisted synthesis of MoS2 on 3D porous graphene foam (LIG/MoS2) behaves as a highly efficient and durable H2 evolution reaction electrocatalyst under alkaline condition. It merely needs 130 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
Manganese-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of quinolines in water using ammonia borane as a hydrogen source
Authors: Mao Wenhao , Song Dingguo , Guo Jiyuan , Zhang Kali , Zheng Changdi , Lin Jie , Huang Lian , Zheng Lizhou , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: April 2024

The first example of manganese-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroaromatics in water with good yields and ee up to 99%.
Antitubercular activity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis type II NADH dehydrogenase
Authors: Saha Pallavi , Sau Shashikanta , Kalia Nitin Pal , Sharma Deepak K.
Published: April 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) transports electrons into the mycobacterial respiratory pathway at the cost of reduction of NADH to NAD+ and is an attractive drug target.
Morphology does not matter: WSe2 luminescence nanothermometry unravelled
Authors: Martínez-Merino Paloma , Hernández-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Piñero José C. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Alcántara Rodrigo , Navas Javier
Published: April 2024

Applying multiple linear regression to WSe2 quantum dots, we achieve enhanced thermal sensitivity (30% K−1) and reduced temperature uncertainty (0.1 K), highlighting the potential of WSe2 as a versatile nanothermometer for microfluidics, nanofluidics, and biomedical assays.
Evaluating polymerization kinetics using microrheology
Authors: Salas-Ambrosio Pedro , Gupit Caidric I. , Urueña Juan Manuel , Luo Yimin , Hankett Jeanne M. , Gupta Rohini , Valentine Megan T. , Maynard Heather D. , Helgeson Matthew E.
Published: April 2024

High-throughput microrheology and simple viscosity modeling can be used to continuously monitor the kinetic evolution of polymer molecular weight during controlled polymerizations.
Programmable synthesis of organic cages with reduced symmetry
Authors: Andrews Keith G. , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J.
Published: April 2024

The rules underpinning the dynamic low-symmetry conformation of a symmetric organic cage are decoded, and rationally reapplied to access new cages with constrained symmetry. This allows tuning of conformation, height and shape for guest binding.
A bio-inspired co-simulation crawling robot enabled by a carbon dot-doped dielectric elastomer
Authors: Han Yubing , Shi Bori , Xie En , Huang Peng , Zhou Yaozhong , Xue Chang , Wen Weijia , Pu Huayan , Zhang Mengying , Wu Jinbo
Published: April 2024

The introduction of NCDs@SiO2 cluster particles not only improves the mechanical and dielectric properties of an elastomer but also exhibits fluorescence and actuation response under the co-stimulation of UV and electricity, respectively.
Strong, tough and conductive single-network hydrogels based on deswelling and the salting-out effect
Authors: Sun Xingyue , Liang Haiyi , Ye Lina
Published: April 2024

By comparing the mechanical properties between salt-treated hydrogels and air-dried hydrogels, the synergistic effect in energy transfer and dissipation arising from increases in polymer fraction and cross-linking plays an indispensable role in toughening SN hydrogels.
Cr-dopant induced crystal orientation and shape modulation in Ni2P nanocrystals for improving electrosynthesis of methanol to formate coupled with hydrogen production
Authors: Suryawanshi Umesh P. , Ghorpade Uma V. , Yuwono Jodie A. , Kumar Priyank V. , Gaikwad Mayur A. , Shin Seung Wook , Jang Jun Sung , Jung Hyo Rim , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: April 2024

Cr-doped Ni2P nanorods enable a two-electrode overall methanol splitting (OMeS) system, achieving a lowest voltage of 1.16 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, compared to the cell voltage of 1.65 V for overall water splitting.
Unveiling symmetry: a comparative analysis of asymmetric and symmetric non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells
Authors: Khatua Rudranarayan , Mondal Anirban
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the design and analysis of symmetric and asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), focusing on the burgeoning interest in asymmetric NFAs due to their exceptional solar cell properties.
High-efficiency narrowband multi-resonance TADF emitters via the introduction of bulky adamantane units
Authors: Qi Yanyu , Zhang Zehua , Sun Weidong , Wu Shaohua , Liu Jianting , Lin Zhongkui , Jiang Pengcheng , Yu Haitao , Zhou Liang , Lu Guangzhao
Published: April 2024

New design strategy for MR-TADF emitters by incorporating bulky adamantane unit as steric hindrance into MR skeletons to mitigate intermolecular π–π stacking and green organic light-emitting diodes with high EQE up to 32.3% and low roll-off are achieved.
Promoting water-splitting reaction on TiO2/gCN with Pd/SrO cocatalysts: H2 evolution in the absence of a sacrificial reagent
Authors: Rafiq Khezina , Sahar Kashaf Ul , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Attique Saira , Rehman Ubaid ur , Rauf Abdul , Hussain Ejaz
Published: April 2024

This study investigates Pd–SrO@TiO2/gCN photocatalysts for eco-friendly H2 generation through water splitting.
Spatial Hearing in Children With and Without Hearing Loss: Where and What the Speech Is Matters for Local Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Pittman Andrea L. , Pastore M. Torben
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study examined children's ability to perceive speech from multiple locations on the horizontal plane. Children with hearing loss were compared to normal-hearing peers while using amplification with and without advanced noise management.

Method:

Participants were 21 children with normal hearing (9–15 years) and 12 children with moderate symmetrical hearing loss (11–15 years). Word recognition, nonword detection, and word recall were assessed. Stimuli were presented randomly from multiple discrete locations in multitalker noise. Children with hearing loss were fit with devices having separate omnidirectional and noise management programs. The noise management feature is designed to preserve audibility in noise by rapidly analyzing input from all locations and reducing the noise management when speech is detected from locations around the hearing aid user.

Results:

Significant effects of left/right and front/back lateralization occurred as well as effects of hearing loss and hearing aid noise management. Children with normal hearing experienced a left-side advantage for word recognition and a right-side advantage for nonword detection. Children with hearing loss demonstrated poorer performance overall on all tasks with better word recognition from the back, and word recall from the right, in the omnidirectional condition. With noise management, performance improved from the front compared to the back for all three tasks and from the right for word recognition and word recall.

Conclusions:

The shape of children's local speech intelligibility on the horizontal plane is not omnidirectional. It is task dependent and shaped further by hearing loss and hearing aid signal processing. Front/back shifts in children with hearing loss are consistent with the behavior of hearing aid noise management, while the right-side biases observed in both groups are consistent with the effects of specialized speech processing in the left hemisphere of the brain.
Response Latencies During Confrontation Picture Naming in Aphasia: Are Proxy Measurements Sufficient?
Authors: Mazumdar Barnali , De la Mora Nora , Roberts Teresa , Swiderski Alexander , Kapantzoglou Maria , Fergadiotis Gerasimos
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Anomia, or word-finding difficulty, is a prevalent and persistent feature of aphasia, a neurogenic language disorder affecting millions of people in the United States. Anomia assessments are essential for measuring performance and monitoring outcomes in clinical settings. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of response time (RT) annotation based on spectrograms and assess the predictive utility of proxy RTs collected during computerized naming tests.

Method:

Archival data from 10 people with aphasia were used. Trained research assistants phonemically transcribed participants' responses, and RTs were generated from the onset of picture stimulus to the initial phoneme of the first complete attempt. RTs were measured in two ways: hand-generated RTs (from spectrograms) and proxy RTs (automatically extracted online). Interrater agreement was evaluated based on interclass correlation coefficients and generalizability theory tools including variance partitioning and the φ-coefficient. The predictive utility of proxy RTs was evaluated within a linear mixed-effects framework.

Results:

RT annotation reliability showed near-perfect agreement across research assistants (φ-coefficient = .93), and the variance accounted for by raters was negligible. Furthermore, proxy RTs significantly and strongly predicted hand-annotated RTs (
R
2
= ~0.82), suggesting their utility as an alternative measure.

Conclusions:

The study confirms the reliability of RT annotation and demonstrates the predictive utility of proxy RTs in estimating RTs during computerized naming tests. Incorporating proxy RTs can enhance clinical assessments, providing additional information for cognitive measurement. Further research with larger samples and exploring the impact of using proxy RTs in different psychometric models could optimize clinical protocols and improve communication interventions for individuals with aphasia.
Treatment for Stuttering in Preschool-Age Children: A Qualitative Document Analysis of Treatment Programs
Authors: Sjøstrand Åse , Næss Kari-Anne Bottegård , Melle Ane Hestmann , Hoff Karoline , Hansen Elisabeth Holm , Guttormsen Linn Stokke
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to identify commonalities and differences between content components in stuttering treatment programs for preschool-age children.

Method:

In this document analysis, a thematic analysis of the content was conducted of handbooks and manuals describing Early Childhood Stuttering Therapy, the Lidcombe Program, Mini-KIDS, Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, RESTART Demands and Capacities Model Method, and the Westmead Program. First, a theoretical framework defining a content component in treatment was developed. Second, we coded and categorized the data following the procedure of reflexive thematic analysis. In addition, the first authors of the treatment documents have reviewed the findings in this study, and their feedback has been analyzed and taken into consideration.

Results:

Sixty-one content components within the seven themes—
interaction
,
coping
,
reactions
,
everyday life
,
information
,
language
, and
speech
—were identified across the treatment programs. The content component
SLP providing information about the child's stuttering
was identified across all treatment programs. All programs are multithematic, and no treatment program has a single focus on speech, language, or parent–child interaction. A comparison of the programs with equal treatment goals highlighted more commonalities in content components across the programs. The differences between the treatment programs were evident in both the number of content components that varied from seven to 39 and the content included in each treatment program.

Conclusions:

Only one common content component was identified across programs, and the number and types of components vary widely. The role that the common content component plays in treatment effects is discussed, alongside implications for research and clinical practice.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25457929
Dysphagia Service Delivery in the Educational Setting: Pediatric Feeding Disorder and the Culturally Responsive Clinician
Authors: Villaluna Anais , Dolby Carolyn
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This article addresses considerations for the speech-language pathologist to ensure culturally competent dysphagia management in the school setting for children with oral motor, swallowing, and pediatric feeding disorders (PFDs). There is also discussion of the multifactorial cultural and linguistic influences that impact collaborative educational decisions when establishing and implementing school-based dysphagia services.

Conclusions:

The consideration of cultural and linguistic factors for the child with oral motor, swallowing, and/or PFDs is essential when diagnosing, treating, and planning for dysphagia service delivery. By recognizing and including culturally appropriate interventions and recommendations, speech-language pathologists enhance opportunities for positive outcomes and treatment efficacy when providing pediatric dysphagia services in the educational setting for children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Structural and temperature dependent dielectric behaviour of BxFe(3−x)O4 nanoferrite particles
Authors: Donta Paramesh
Published: April 2024

The auto‐combustion technique was employed to synthesize nano particles of BxFe(3−x)O4 (x = 0.0, 0.7, 1.18, 1.36 and 1.54). The resulting structural and dielectric properties of the boron doped Fe3O4 were evaluated. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single spinel structure with crystallite dimensions ranging from 21.18 to 26.43 nm and lattice parameters of 8.211 to 8.487 Ǻ. The morphological images revealed homogenous and spherical grain sizes, while EDX confirmed the presence of constituent elements used. The X‐ray density increased whereas the bulk density and the porosity decreased with boron substitution. The study of dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σAC) was demonstrated and the AC conductivity decreased with increasing boron concentration, indicating a hopping mechanism. Moreover, noticeable variations in dielectric loss, AC conductivity, and dielectric permittivity with temperature and frequency were observed. These observations were attributed to the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and the hopping of charges between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions.
Characterization of biodegradable plastic from jackfruit seed waste with the addition of rice straw cellulose
Authors: Zalfiatri Yelmira , Dewi Yossie Kharisma , Fitri Ade
Published: April 2024

Biodegradable plastic is an environmentally friendly plastic; most of the components come from renewable raw materials. Biodegradable plastic can be made from starch derived from waste such as jackfruit seeds. Biodegradable plastics made only from starch have poor physical and mechanical properties, so adding reinforcement such as cellulose is necessary. One of the wastes that contain cellulose is rice straw waste. This study aimed to obtain the best ratio of jackfruit seed starch and rice straw cellulose to biodegradable plastic’s physical and mechanical properties. This research was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments, namely the ratio of starch and cellulose PS1 (1:0,3), PS2 (1:0,4), PS3 (1:0,5) PS4 (1:0,6), and PS5 (1:0,7) with three repetitions, 15 experimental units were obtained. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If Fcount ≥ Ftable data is obtained, it will be continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The selected treatment was PS5 (starch ratio 1:0,7 cellulose) with had water absorption rate of 34,82%, water vapor transfer rate of 19,12 g/m2hour, tensile strength of 20,21 MPa, elongation of 5,33%, and biodegradation for 6 days. The results showed that the addition of rice straw cellulose had a significant effect on the value of water absorption, water vapor transfer rate, tensile strength, elongation and biodegradation of the resulting biodegradable plastic.
The utilization of flour purple sweet potato in layered cake production to support local food diversification
Authors: Shalihy Wildan , Dameswary Amarilia Harsanti , AR Nur Hasnah
Published: April 2024

Potato sweet is contain a carbohydrate, including a plant that is easy to cultivate and has the potential to be developed as a local food. The West Papua Province is one of the producers, but traditionally, they have been consumed simply by boiling and frying. These consumption methods are less appealing to the younger generation. One effort to increase community interest in consuming purple sweet potatoes is by creating various processed food variants, one of sweet potato layered cake. This study aims to determine a good formulation for making purple sweet potato flour. The determination of the best formulation for making purple sweet potato layered cake is conducted using a non-factorial design with treatments involving the ratio of purple sweet potato flour and wheat flour. There are four treatments with different ratios: F1 (75%:25%), F2 (50%:50%), F3 (25%:75%), and F4 (0%:100%). Purple sweet potato flour can be used as a substitute ingredient in making food products, so that can be used as food diversification weast papua to increase added value of purple sweet potatoes. The results of the analysis showed that the best treatment for making purple sweet potatoes overall was in the F1 treatment (75%:25%). With 75% purple flour and 25% wheat flour.
Study on Financial Risk and Countermeasures in Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions--Take LVMH’s Acquisition of Tiffany as an Example
Authors: Fu Yanfei
Published: April 2024

M&A is an important approach for enterprises to achieve industrial upgrading and scale effect, reduce operating costs, and promote the diversified development of enterprises. The financial risks that often appear in the process of M&A are the key to the success of M&A and the reorganization of enterprises. Existing equity and economic problems make enterprises easily fall into financial disputes and cause huge losses. Investment and mergers are important ways for enterprises to expand scale, enter new markets, and acquire new technologies or mature brands. Through investment and merger, market share can be increased, competitiveness can be enhanced, and the financial statements of enterprises can be enhanced, but risks in merger and acquisition are also accompanied. Through the case study of LVMH Group’s merger and acquisition of Tiffany, this paper will analyze the financial risks and countermeasures in the merger and acquisition and extract feasible and effective measures from LVMH Group’s treatment methods to help both parties control the risks in the merger process and achieve the purpose of merger and acquisition.
Behavioral Finance: The impact of Investor Expectations on the Financial Markets
Authors: Wang Hanzhi
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the profound impact of investor behavior, driven by cognitive biases such as loss aversion, the framing effect, and the endowment effect, on financial markets. The presence of these biases introduces market anomalies and long-term reversals, challenging the efficiency of the market. While valuable insights are gained from studying investor behavior, limitations must be considered. Individual variations in psychological traits and decision-making processes may render these theories inapplicable to all investors. Historical data, a primary tool for analyzing behavior, may not reliably predict future market trends. Quantifying cognitive biases and measuring their impact presents challenges due to the subjective nature of psychological factors. Additionally, limited sample sizes in some studies may compromise the generalizability of findings. Despite these constraints, understanding investor behavior remains paramount for unraveling market dynamics and shaping informed investment strategies. The paper underscores the need to acknowledge these limitations while appreciating the nuanced role of cognitive biases in financial markets.
Research on the Factors Analysis and Strategies of LVMH’s Profitability
Authors: Wang Kexin
Published: April 2024

Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH）has been expanding its territory in the group through mergers and acquisitions. The success rate of the group’s acquisition is very high, and through excellent management and operation, many unknown small brands can return to the market and even give the brand life again. During the pandemic, when the world was in an economic downturn, LVMH’s luxury goods, as non-essential goods for most people, LVMH’s still demonstrated remarkable profitability resiliency. Through the analysis of LVMH’s financial data and market data, this paper summarizes the four main factors affecting LVMH’s profitability and analyzes the formation reasons behind these factors. Eventually, based on these factors, the author will put forward the company’s internal countermeasures and the enlightenment of LVMH on the profit mode in the industry.