bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into modifiable risk factors of cholelithiasis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Yang Hongqun , Li Haitao , He Chang , Yang Liu , Lv Guoyue
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims

The risk factors of cholelithiasis have not been clearly identified, especially for total cholesterol. Here, we try to identify these causal risk factors.

Approach and Results

We obtained genetic variants associated with the exposures at the genome‐wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8) level from corresponding genome‐wide association studies. Summary‐level statistical data for cholelithiasis were obtained from FinnGen and UK Biobank (UKB) consortia. Both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to identify causal risk factors of cholelithiasis. Results from FinnGen and UKB were combined using the fixed‐effect model. In FinnGen, the odds of cholelithiasis increased per 1‐SD increase of body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.631, p = 2.16 × 10−7), together with body fat percentage (OR = 2.108, p = 4.56 × 10−3) and fasting insulin (OR = 2.340, p = 9.09 × 10−3). The odds of cholelithiasis would also increase with lowering of total cholesterol (OR = 0.789, p = 8.34 × 10−5) and low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL‐C) (OR = 0.792, p = 2.45 × 10−4). However, LDL‐C was not significant in multivariable MR. In UKB, the results of BMI, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, and LDL‐C were replicated. In meta‐analysis, the liability to type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking could also increase the risk of cholelithiasis. Moreover, there were no associations with other predominant risk factors.

Conclusions

Our MR study corroborated the risk factors of cholelithiasis from previous MR studies. Furthermore, lower total cholesterol level could be an independent risk factor.
Circulating DNA changes are predictive of disease progression after transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Sefrioui David , Verdier Vincent , Savoye‐Collet Céline , Beaussire Ludivine , Ghomadi Slim , Gangloff Alice , Goria Odile , Riachi Ghassan , Montialoux Hélène , Schwarz Lilian , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Frebourg Thierry , Michel Pierre , Sarafan‐Vasseur Nasrin , Di Fiore Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used to treat patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the clinical impact of a‐fetoprotein (AFP) and circulating cell‐free and tumor DNA (cfDNA and ctDNA) changes around the TACE procedure. Our prospective monocentric study enrolled consecutive patients treated with TACE, with samples collected at baseline (D − 1), Day 2 (D + 2) and 1 month (M + 1) after TACE. cfDNA was quantified by the fluorometric method, and ctDNA was quantified by digital polymerase chain reaction designed for two hotspot TERT mutations. Computerized tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging were performed at M + 1 every 3 months following TACE and independently reviewed. The objective was to identify thresholds of cfDNA, ctDNA and AFP changes associated with progressive disease (PD) using receiver operating characteristic curves. Thirty‐eight patients were included from March 2018 to March 2019. All markers significantly increased from D − 1 to D + 2 (P < .005), and cfDNA and ctDNA significantly decreased from D + 2 to M + 1 (P < .0001). The analysis of changes from D − 1 to M + 1 identified thresholds at +31.4% for cfDNA and 0% for ctDNA that were significantly associated with PD at M + 1 (44.4% [>+31.4%] vs 3.8% [≤+31.4%] and 50.0% [>0%] vs 5.0% [≤0%], respectively). No significant threshold was identified for AFP. Using a score combining cfDNA and ctDNA, the patients were classified into high‐ or low‐risk PD groups at M + 1, with PD rates of 80.0% vs 4.3% (P = .001) and median progression‐free survival times of 1.3 vs 10.3 months (P = .002). Our study suggests that cfDNA and ctDNA increases around the TACE procedure and are associated with therapeutic failure.
Efficacy of CO2 laser treatment in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Meichen , Li Fengyong , Zhou Yu , Cao Yujiao , Li Senkai , Li Qiang
Published: October 2021

Objective

To explore the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy.

Method

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to June 9, 2020. Prospective studies on the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment were included. Two researchers independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Heterogeneity test was conducted for each outcome indicator. Sensitivity analysis was performed in all models.

Results

Twelve articles including 459 participants were enrolled. Compared with baseline, vaginal health indeices (VHIs) were significantly higher at the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow ups (P < 0.001). For VVA severity, the visual analog scale scores for vaginal dryness at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups (P < 0.050), vaginal burning, itching, and dysuria at 1‐month follow up (P < 0.001), and dyspareunia at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups (P < 0.001) were all significantly lower. For FSFI, total scores at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow ups (P < 0.001), and the scores in desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain at 1‐month follow up (P < 0.050) were all significantly higher. For quality of life, the PCS12 and MCS12 scores were all significantly higher (P < 0.050) at the 1‐month follow up.

Conclusion

CO2 laser treatment may be effective for postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms in improving quality of life and sexual function.
Factors associated with the development of neonatal hypoglycemia after antenatal corticosteroid administration: It's all about timing
Authors: Zigron Roy , Rotem Reut , Erlichman Ira , Rottenstreich Misgav , Rosenbloom Joshua I. , Porat Shay , Rottenstreich Amihai
Published: October 2021

Objective

To determine the factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroid (ACS).

Methods

A retrospective study conducted during 2017–2019 at a tertiary‐care center including all neonates delivered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation after ACS administration. The primary outcome was neonatal hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dl).

Results

Overall, 362 early preterm neonates, including 205 singletons and 157 twins, were exposed to ACS before delivery and constituted the study group. Of them, 275 (76.0%) were exposed to a single ACS course and 87 (24.0%) to an additional rescue ACS course. Neonatal hypoglycemia occurred in 84 (23.2%) neonates. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly higher in those delivered between 24 and 48 h after ACS administration compared with those delivered outside this time interval (10/25, 40.0% vs 74/337, 21.9%; P = 0.049). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for neonatal birth weight and gestational age, delivery within 24–48 h after ACS administration was the only independent risk factor associated with neonatal hypoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.03–5.68; P = 0.044).

Conclusion

Neonatal hypoglycemia occurred in over one‐fifth of those exposed to ACS, and was independently associated with delivery between 24 and 48 h after ACS administration.
Pharmacist‐led phone call initiative targeting hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with uncontrolled diabetes
Authors: Seamon Gwen , Caron Olivia , Jiang Alice , Farrar Mackenzie , Hughes Phillip , Lugo Brunilda , Warren Anne Carrington
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Pharmacist‐led telemedicine initiatives have been shown to lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels compared with usual care, but few studies have targeted patients with uncontrolled diabetes in the rural setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist‐led diabetes telemedicine initiative on HbA1c in patients with uncontrolled diabetes at a family medicine clinic in rural North Carolina.

Methods

Pharmacists implemented a telemedicine initiative to help manage patients with uncontrolled diabetes at a large, rural family medicine clinic. Adult patients with uncontrolled diabetes were identified through a generated report or by provider referrals. Pharmacy residents called each patient and documented type of interventions, demographic information, and HbA1c results. Patients were followed within a time period of 18 months (September 2018‐March 2020).

Results

A total of 64 patients were successfully contacted by the telemedicine program. The patients were primarily non‐Hispanic, white patients (50% female) with type 2 diabetes on insulin. The most common interventions that patients received included general education (68.8%), scheduling labs (51.6%), insulin titration (51.6%), and facilitating medication access (50.0%). For patients who had been in the telemedicine program long enough to have had an HbA1c lab completed post‐contact (n = 46), there was a significant reduction of 1.15 in mean HbA1c (t = −3.5, P < .01) compared with their initial HbA1c prior to receiving phone calls.

Conclusion

A pharmacist‐led diabetes telemedicine program was associated with a reduction in HbA1c for patients with uncontrolled diabetes in a rural family practice.
Factors influencing providers' willingness to deprescribe medications
Authors: Davila Heather , Rosen Amy K. , Stolzmann Kelly , Zhang Libin , Linsky Amy M.
Published: October 2021

Background

Polypharmacy (taking ≥ five medications) is common and associated with adverse drug events, medication nonadherence, and increased mortality and healthcare costs. Primary care providers are uniquely positioned to deprescribe unnecessary medications, yet little is known about factors that influence their deprescribing decisions.

Objectives

We sought to identify factors that influence primary care providers' recommendations to deprescribe potentially unnecessary medications.

Methods

This study represents a secondary data analysis from a national, cross‐sectional survey assessing providers' beliefs, attitudes, and experiences regarding medication deprescribing. A random sample of 2475 providers in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care clinics were invited; 411 responded (16.6% response rate). Respondents included physicians (n = 304), nurse practitioners/physician assistants (n = 68), and clinical pharmacists (n = 39). Respondents estimated the proportion of their patients taking a potentially unnecessary medication. Of these patients, providers then identified the proportion for whom they recommended medication deprescribing (response options: <20%, 20%‐39%, 40%‐59%, 60%‐79%, ≥80%). We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with recommending deprescribing to ≥80% of candidate patients.

Results

Although most respondents indicated having patients taking unnecessary medications, less than one‐third reported recommending deprescribing to most (≥80%) of their candidate patients. In adjusted analyses, factors significantly associated with increased likelihood of recommending deprescribing included having more patients who asked for medication information, providers' self‐rated comfort with deprescribing, and having support to monitor patients after deprescribing. When the indication for a medication was unclear, providers reported being less likely to recommend deprescribing.

Conclusion

Most providers indicated caring for patients taking potentially unnecessary medications, yet they did not consistently say they recommended deprescribing to these patients. Our findings suggest that requiring prescriptions to include their reason for use and models of primary care designed to strengthen interdisciplinary teamwork and communication, such as the patient‐centered medical home, could address barriers providers face to deprescribing medications.
Evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of poly(thioether‐ester) and superparamagnetic poly(thioether‐ester) nanoparticles obtained by thiol‐ene miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Feuser Paulo Emilio , Cardoso Mariana de Melo , Galvani Nathalia Coral , Zaccaron Rubya Pereira , Venturini Ligia Milanez , Rigo Flavia Karine , Machado‐de‐Ávila Ricardo Andrez , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock , Sayer Claudia , Hermes de Araújo Pedro Henrique
Published: October 2021

Poly(thioether‐ester) (PTEe) nanoparticles obtained by thiol‐ene polymerization have received attention of many researchers due to several advantages, including, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The search for new nanomaterials requires toxicity studies to assess potential toxic effects of their administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity of PTEe and poly(thioether‐ester)‐coated magnetic nanoparticles prepared by thiol‐ene polymerization in miniemulsion. These nanoparticles presented a mean size of approximately 120 nm, spherical morphology, and negative surface charge. Doses of 40 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to Swiss mice and nociceptive, behavioral and biochemical parameters were investigated in five different organs. None of the nanoparticles led to any alterations in the nociceptive and behavioral responses. Biochemical alterations were observed in liver, decreasing the sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) levels, suggesting the dependence of the GSH metabolism in the elimination of the nanoparticles. In general, both nanoparticle types did not cause disturbances in biochemical parameters analyzed in others organs. These results suggest that both nanoparticle types did not induce acute toxicity to the different organs evaluated, reinforcing the biocompatibility of PTEe nanoparticles synthetized by thiol‐ene polymerization.
CircRNAs: a family number of miRNA regulatory transcriptome in laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Miao Limin , Feng Guanying , Yuan Hua
Published: October 2021

Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is a common head and neck cancer, which is the result of mutational changes due to gene dysregulation and etiological factors such as tobacco and smoking. A large number of patients received a poor prognosis due to diagnosis at an advanced stage. This highlights the need for definitive, early, and efficient diagnoses. With rapid development of high‐throughput sequencing, circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to play a pivotal role in cancer. CircRNA functions as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge in the regulation of mRNA expression, forming circRNA‐miRNA regulatory axis. In this review, we described the axis in LC. The result indicated that CDR1as, hsa_circ_0042823, hsa_circ_0023028, circPARD3, hsa_circ_103862, hsa_circ_0000218, circMYLK, circCORO1C, hsa_circ_100290, circ‐CCND1, hsa_circ_0057481, circFLAN, and circRASSF2 expressed higher in LC, whereas, hsa_circ_0036722 and hsa_circ_0042666 expressed lower. The circRNAs regulated the target genes by sponging miRNAs and contributed to the pathogenesis of LC.
Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee husk for the production of potentially fermentable sugars
Authors: Silva Nayara CS , da Fonseca Yasmim A , de Camargos Adonai B , Lima André LD , Ribeiro Marcelo C , Gurgel Leandro VA , Lobo Baêta Bruno E
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Coffee husk (CH) is the main agricultural solid waste generated during the coffee bean dry processing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate other alternatives for the more noble use of this by‐product, adding value to it considering the circular economy concept within the coffee production chain. This study aimed to add value to CH by liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment as an alternative to improve the enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides of this substrate to fermentable sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis.

RESULTS

Box–Behnken experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of LHW pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis yield (EHY), investigating the independent variables time (t), temperature (T), and liquid‐to‐solid ratio (LSR). The desirable condition (200 °C, 41 min, LSR of 5 mL g−1) was selected as the most suitable for the enzymatic hydrolysis, reaching an EHY value of 75.3% with an enzyme load of 40 FPU g PCH−1. The alkaline extraction step applied to pretreated coffee husk (PCH) was not effective to improve the EHY, as the cellulose fraction was not preserved. Two reloads of solids were considered an ideal condition, reaching an EHY value of 69.1% after 24 h of hydrolysis with a total enzyme load of 27 FPU g PCH−1.

CONCLUSION

The liquid hot water of CHs associated with the reload of solids on enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting alternative to reduce the cost with enzyme cocktail and hydrolysis time, thus making the process more feasible for technology upscaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synthesis of novel Schiff bases as stable enol‐imine‐containing diazene bonds and pyrimidines using trimethinium salts
Authors: Mehranpour Abdolmohammad , Sheikhi Elham , Jahromi Enayatollah Bahman , Samani Ziba Rafiee
Published: October 2021

Novel derivatives of Schiff bases with diazene bonds and six new 2,5‐disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by reaction of 2‐substituted trimethinium salts with 4‐aminoazobenzene or benzamidine hydrochloride, respectively, by a simple method and using inexpensive reagents. The purity and molecular structure of the new compounds were determined by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared, ultraviolet/visible, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy.
The Japanese Catheter Ablation Registry (J‐AB): Annual report in 2019
Authors: Kusano Kengo , Yamane Teiichi , Inoue Koichi , Takegami Misa , Nakao Yoko M. , Nakai Michikazu , Kanaoka Koshiro , Miyamoto Koji , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Takatsuki Seiji , Nakamura Kohki , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Shoda Morio , Nogami Akihiko , Shimizu Wataru ,   J‐AB registry investigators
Published: October 2021

The Japanese Catheter Ablation (J‐AB) registry, started in August 2017, is a voluntary, nationwide, multicenter, prospective, observational registry, performed by the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society (JHRS) in collaboration with the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center using a Research Electronic Data Capture system. The purpose of this registry is to collect the details of target arrhythmias, the ablation procedures, including the type of target arrhythmias, outcomes, and acute complications in the real‐world settings. During the year of 2019, we have collected a total of 80 795 procedures (mean age of 65.2 years and 66.4% male) from 425 participant hospitals. Detailed data are shown in Figures and Tables.
Flow State as an Existential Tool to Increase Optimal Experience and Life Enjoyment
Authors: Burt Isaac , Gonzalez Tiphanie
Published: October 2021

This article introduces the concept of flow state as an existential‐humanistic tool to increase optimal experience and life enjoyment. We define what is flow state, discuss its connections to existential‐humanistic thought, and provide a case exemplar for future applications to self and counseling, as well as identify limitations and implications.
Should firms use digital work instructions?—Individual learning in an agile manufacturing setting
Authors: Letmathe Peter , Rößler Marc
Published: October 2021

New technological innovations in robotics, automation, and digitization enable agile manufacturing, smaller lot sizes, and quicker changes to the product and the production process. In such environments, learning is important, since workers must learn new tasks and adapt to frequent changes quickly. In an experimental study, we compare digital work instructions with traditional paper‐based ones, the latter still being common in today's quality management systems. Our analysis is based on subjects working in the demonstration factory of a large German university in a realistic work environment; it, therefore, guarantees high internal and external validity. We show that digitally animated, interactive work instructions are an effective way to foster faster learning and enhanced performance when new manufacturing tasks are being carried out. Our results indicate that a combination of digital and traditional paper‐based instructions does not yield any advantages over a sole reliance on digital learning.
Infliximab switching from reference product to biosimilar: a review of evidence regarding the clinical efficacy, safety profile and immunogenicity
Authors: Abidin Ahmad Zainal , Snoswell Centaine L. , Shafiee Hanjani Leila , Callaghan Gavin , Edmonds Michelle
Published: October 2021

Biosimilar products are now readily available for infliximab which is routinely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) along with other conditions. This review aimed to summarise the available evidence on the clinical efficacy, safety profile, and immunogenicity of a biosimilar as compared to the reference product to address the concern of clinicians in switching from the reference product to a biosimilar. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library using the following terms: 'infliximab', 'biosimilar', 'reference product', AND 'switch'. Further relevant articles were identified through exploring the reference lists of the identified articles. Ten randomised clinical trials, enrolling 2308 patients, and 13 observational studies, enrolling 4453 patients, were identified. The results of these studies suggest that the efficacy of a biosimilar is comparable to that of the reference product in patients with RA, AS, and IBD. This study found that a biosimilar is well‐tolerated and has a similar profile of safety as the reference product. The observational cohort studies involving patients switched from the reference product to a biosimilar reported comparable efficacy at maintaining disease remission. They also indicated stable disease activity and no considerable changes in the inflammatory markers after the switch. The evidence, which is ever‐increasing, indicates that the use of a biosimilar is effective, well‐tolerated, safe, and comparable in terms of immunogenicity, even in the long run. The availability of a biosimilar would ultimately improve patient access to treatment, and in turn, reduce the price of the reference drug.
Electronic nose application for the discrimination of sterilization treatments applied to Californian‐style black olive varieties
Authors: Sánchez Ramiro , Martín‐Tornero Elísabet , Lozano Jesús , Fernández Antonio , Arroyo Patricia , Meléndez Félix , Martín‐Vertedor Daniel
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Olive oil continues to be the main destination for olives. The production of table olives is increasing. ‘Californian‐style’ processes are among the most frequently employed to produce oxidized olives. Sensory evaluation requires the development of an instrumental detection method that can be used as an adjunct to traditional tasting panels.

RESULTS

An electronic nose (E‐nose) was used to classify two varieties of olives following exposure to different sterilization. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that both varieties had different volatile profiles. Sensory panel evaluations were similar for both. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) obtained from the E‐nose was able to separate the two varieties and explained 82% of total variance. Moreover, volatile profiles correctly classified olives according to sterilization times recorded up to 121 °C . The only exception was at F0 ≥ 22 min, at which a plot of PCA outcomes failed to differentiate scores. E‐nose data showed similar results to those produced from the volatile analysis when grouping samples were sterilized to F0 ≥ 18 min, at the same time distinguishing these samples from those subjected to less intense thermal treatments. A partial least squares (PLS) chemometric approach was evaluated for quantifying important olive quality parameters. With regards to validation parameters, pertaining to perceived defect was 0.88, whilst pertaining to overall assessment was 0.78.

CONCLUSIONS

E‐nose offers a fast, inexpensive and non‐destructive method for discriminating between varieties and thermal treatments up to a point at which cooking defects are highly similar (from F0 = 18 onwards). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of zinc and plant growth‐promoting bacteria on soil health as well as aboveground biomass of desi and kabuli chickpea under arid conditions
Authors: Ullah Aman , Farooq Muhammad , Qadeer Abdul , Sanaullah Muhammad
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Zinc (Zn) deficiency and low soil fertility are the major factors responsible for low yield in chickpea. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn application and plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) (endophyte Enterobacter sp. MN17) on soil health and aboveground biomass of desi and kabuli chickpea under natural field conditions. Zn was applied as seed priming (0.001 mol L−1) and soil application (10 kg Zn ha−1) with and without PGPB. To determine the impacts of Zn and PGPB on soil biological health, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil extracellular enzyme activities were analyzed at two growth stages: vegetative (90 days after sowing) and maturity (163 days after sowing).

RESULTS

The highest aboveground biomass (5.1 t ha−1) was recorded with Zn seed priming + PGPB in kabuli chickpea and in desi chickpea (4.8 t ha−1) with Zn seed priming only. The application of Zn significantly increased soil MBC, which was higher in kabuli (795 and 731 μg C g−1) compared to desi chickpea (655 and 533 μg C g−1) at both vegetative and reproductive growth stages, respectively. The highest extracellular soil enzyme activities, – β‐glucosidase (4758 nmol g−1 h−1), acid phosphatase (5508 nmol g−1 h−1), chitinase (5997 nmol g−1 h−1) and leucine aminopeptidase (993 nmol g−1 h−1) – were recorded with Zn seed priming. Of the chickpea types, kabuli chickpea had higher soil extracellular enzyme activities in the rhizosphere than desi chickpea.

CONCLUSION

Zn seed priming along with PGPB application may improve soil health and chickpea biomass in marginal soils. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Does sulfur application continue to reduce cadmium accumulation and increase the seed yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) at the maturity stage?
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Hansen Hans C B , Yang Xiaosong , Xie Zijian , Li Songyan , Yang Mei , Liang Xiaomeng , Hu Zhengyi
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Oilseed rape requires sulfur (S) fertilization. Cadmium (Cd) differs dramatically in agricultural soils. Rice–oilseed rape rotation distributes widely and contributes the majority of rapeseeds in Asian countries. It was reported that S metabolism was involved in Cd uptake in seedlings of oilseed rape, although the effects of S on Cd accumulation and seed yield at maturity are still unclear.

RESULTS

We performed a pot experiment including two Cd rates (0.35 and 10.35 mg kg−1, as low and high Cd soil) and four S levels (0, 30, 60 and 120 mg kg−1). The results showed that low S application (30 mg kg−1) resulted in two‐fold higher seed‐Cd concentration irrespective of soil Cd levels. The responsible mechanism might be that Cd translocation into rapeseeds was involved in sulfate transporters, which could be strongly expressed in shoots and roots when supplying sulfate under S‐starvation conditions, but depressed under a S‐sufficient environment. For high Cd soil, seed yield decreased by 36%, 48% and 72% at 30, 60 and 120 mg S kg–1 compared to non‐S treatment, whereas there were no differences for low Cd soil. Antagonistic effects of S and Cd existed for seed yield according to structure equation model analysis.

CONCLUSION

Oilseed rape can be grown in low‐Cd fields as a safe food crop with high levels of sulfur fertilizers (>60 mg S kg–1). In high‐Cd fields, oilseed rape is recommended as a Cd‐remediation crop, and rapeseeds should only be used for industrial purposes and not for food. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sensory profile and acceptance of maize tortillas by rural and urban consumers in Mexico
Authors: Arnés Esperanza , Severiano‐Pérez Patricia , Astier Marta
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Maize tortillas are the staple food of Mexico and their consumption contributes to preserving the gastronomic patrimony and food security of the population. The aim of the present study was to generate a reference sensory profile for different types of tortillas and to evaluate the effect that these sensory characteristics have on consumer liking and how this influences their consumption preferences and purchase intent. Three types of maize tortillas were analyzed: traditional (T1), combined (T2) and industrialized (T3). The samples were characterized using the modified flash profile method. Sensory acceptability and preference tests were conducted on 240 urban and rural consumers.

RESULTS

The judges characterized 19 attributes in the tortilla samples, eight of which were also identified by consumers. In the case of traditional tortillas, the matching attributes were maize flavor, color, thickness and moisture. Only rural consumers were able to perceive significant differences between the samples in terms of aroma and taste/flavor. The study has contributed to understanding the complex mechanisms of sensory acceptance through the use of tools that combine qualitative and quantitative data.

CONCLUSION

Although 56% of rural and urban consumers prefer traditional tortillas for their sensory characteristics, purchase intent is also affected by socioeconomic, cultural and microbiological factors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Candelilla wax‐based oleogels versus palm oil: evaluation of physical properties of innovative and conventional lipids using optical techniques
Authors: Szymańska Iwona , Żbikowska Anna , Onacik‐Gür Sylwia
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

The widespread use of palm oil in food production affects high consumption of long‐chain saturated fatty acids, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Solid or semi‐solid wax‐based oleogels obtained as a result of edible oils structuring can be an alternative.

RESULTS

Oleogels, obtained by structuring a mixture of refined rapeseed and linseed oils (1:1) with 30–80 g kg−1 candelilla wax (CW), were investigated using optical techniques: multi‐speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy, centrifugal stability analysis, reflection method, and polarized light microscopy. Refined palm oil was a comparative sample. Increasing CW concentration resulted in an increase in values of L* parameter and opacity, a decrease in the Yellowness Index and a slight increase in the average crystal size. The microstructure of oleogels with 30 or 40 g kg−1 CW was least like the crystal network. Solidification of oleogels took place in two stages. Increase in CW concentration shortened solidification time and increased solidification temperature (greater elasticity of oleogels). Palm oil solidified the longest (497.1 min) and at the lowest temperature (29.3 °C). It showed lower resistance to centrifugal force than oleogels at 20 and 30 °C. All oleogels were stable (no oil release occurred) at 20 °C.

CONCLUSION

Optical methods allow for an objective and detailed analysis of physical properties of palm oil and oleogels, as well as identification and tracking changes at the microstructural level over time. It has great potential in the edible lipid quality control at various stages of processing or storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Flavonoids and intestinal microbes interact to alleviate depression
Authors: Zhao Ke , Yao Mei , Zhang Xin , Xu Feng , Shao Xingfeng , Wei Yingying , Wang Hongfei
Published: October 2021

Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities that are beneficial to human health. However, owing to low bioavailability, most flavonoids exert beneficial effects in the intestine through metabolism by the flora into a variety of structurally different derivatives. Also, flavonoids can modulate the type and structure of intestinal microorganisms to improve human health. It has been reported that the development of depression is accompanied by changes in the type and number of intestinal microorganisms, and gut microbes can significantly improve depressive symptoms through the gut–brain axis. Therefore, the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes to alleviate depression is discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Current considerations for radiotherapy in HPV‐associated head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Linda , Riaz Nadeem , Lee Nancy , McBride Sean
Published: October 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐mediated oncogenesis confers increased sensitivity to radiotherapy and HPV head and neck cancer is associated with improved patient outcomes. As such, management of HPV‐related head and neck cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach that balances maximizing locoregional control with minimizing treatment‐related toxicity. We highlight considerations in radiation dose and target delineation, as well as considerations for chemoradiation, postoperative radiotherapy, and single modality, definitive radiotherapy.
Use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography for forensic analysis
Authors: Langford Joel B. , Lurie Ira S.
Published: October 2021

The use of micro, capillary, and nano liquid chromatography systems for forensic analysis has excellent potential. In a field where sample size is often limited, several studies have presented the viability of capillary columns with microflow and nanoflow, and when using mass spectrometric analysis limits of detection can be improved. Reduction in flow rates result in significant reduction in operating costs. Recent advances in miniaturized liquid chromatography systems also aim at in‐laboratory and on‐site detection, which have already been applied to forensic drug cases. This critical review will discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of microflow and nano liquid chromatography. In this regard, included in this article is a discussion of some promising areas not yet applied to forensic research.
Role of miR‐490‐3p in blocking bladder cancer growth through targeting the RNA‐binding protein PCBP2
Authors: Zhang Cun‐Ming , Song Li‐De , Wang Jun‐Wei , Ye Hai‐Bo , Chen Song
Published: October 2021

MiR‐490‐3p is regarded as a tumor suppressor in many cancers, but whether miR‐490‐3p is involved in the development of bladder cancer remains unknown. BALB/c nude mice (male, 15–20 g) were used to investigate the role of MiR‐490‐3p in bladder cancer. The relationship between miR‐490‐3p and PCBP2 involved in bladder cancer regulation were determined. Cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle were estimated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) detection, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. In animal experiments, lentivirus was transfected into bladder cancer cells to overexpress miR‐490‐3p, which were then injected into mice and the change of tumor volume was assessed. Principal findings: The expression of MiR‐490‐3p was decreased in bladder cancer cells. Overexpression of miR‐490‐3p inhibited bladder cancer cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐490‐3p caused cell cycle arrest in bladder cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of miR‐490‐3p on bladder cancer cells growth could be counteracted by enhancing PCBP2 expression. In vivo, bladder cancer growth in mice was blocked by miR‐490‐3p upregulation. MiR‐490‐3p suppressed bladder cancer growth and bladder cancer cell proliferation by down‐regulating PCBP2 expression.
Dysphagia, Dysphonia, and Dysarthria Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized With COVID‐19 Across Ireland
Authors: Regan Julie , Walshe Margaret , Lavan Sarah , Horan Eanna , Murphy Patricia Gillivan , Healy Anne , Langan Caoimhe , Malherbe Karen , Murphy Breda Flynn , Cremin Maria , Hilton Denise , Cavaliere Jenni , Curley Jacinta , Moloney Andrea , Flanagan Grace , Whyte Alice
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the presence, degree, predictors, and trajectory of dysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthria among adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 across the Republic of Ireland (ROI) during the first wave of the pandemic.

Study Design

Prospective observational cohort study.

Methods

Adults with confirmed COVID‐19 who were admitted into 14 participating acute hospitals across ROI and referred to speech and language therapy between March 1st and June 30th, 2020 were recruited. Outcomes obtained at initial SLT evaluation and at discharge were oral intake status (Functional Oral Intake Scale), perceptual voice quality (GRBAS), and global dysarthria rating (Dysarthria Severity Scale).

Results

Data from 315 adults were analyzed. At initial SLT assessment, 84% required modified oral diets, and 31% required tube feeding. There were high rates of dysphonia (42%) and dysarthria (23%). History of intubation (OR 19.959, 95% CI 6.272, 63.513; P = .000), COVID‐19 neurological manifestations (OR 3.592, 95% CI 1.733, 7.445; P = .001), and age (OR 1.034; 95% CI 1.002, 1.066; P = .036) were predictive of oral intake status. History of intubation was predictive of voice quality (OR 4.250, 95% CI 1.838, 9.827; P = .001) and COVID‐19 neurological manifestations were predictive of dysarthria (OR 2.275; 95% CI 1.162, 4.456; P = .017). At discharge, there were significant improvements in oral intake (Z = ‐7.971; P = .000), voice quality (Z = ‐5.971; P = .000), and dysarthria severity (Z = ‐2.619; P = .009), although need for modified oral intake (59%), dysphonia (23%), and dysarthria (14%) persisted.

Conclusion

Dysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthria were widespread among adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 and they persisted for many at discharge. Prompt SLT evaluation is required to minimize complications.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1251–1259, 2022
Reprocessable and Self‐Healing Shape Memory Epoxy Resin Based on Biphenyl Mesogen and Siloxane
Authors: Xu Weiming , Pan Yi , Deng Jinni , Yin Lv , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin
Published: October 2021

Shape memory epoxy resin has a high potential for applications in various fields such as space deployable structures and actuators. In order to meet the requirements of application and extend the materials' service life, it is highly desirable to develop a shape memory epoxy resin with good properties of shape memory, reprocessing, and self‐healing. In this work, a shape memory epoxy resin based on the orientable biphenyl mesogen and the dynamic siloxane is fabricated successfully via anion ring‐opening polymerization. The resulting epoxy resin exhibits excellent shape memory performance, good reprocessing ability, good self‐healing property, and triple shape memory effect (triple‐SME).
Unprecedented Processable Hypercrosslinked Polymers with Controlled Knitting
Authors: Wang Shaolei , Zhang Chengxin , Liu Qingsong , Tan Bien
Published: October 2021

Processable microporous organic polymers (MOPs) attract incomparable research interest because their vairous types, such as monoliths and membranes are for practical application. Most processable MOPs usually need harsh conditions such as the use of expensive metal catalysts, specialized stereospecific monomers, etc., which restrict the sustainable and real applications of processable MOPs. Therefore, the economical mass production of processable MOPs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel strategy is reported for constructing processable hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) need two steps synthesis of pre‐crosslinking and deep‐crosslinking using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a self‐crosslinking monomer under the catalysis of a small amount of FeCl3. The resulting HCPs monoliths possess high BET surface area of 1033–1056 m2 g−1 with hierarchical porosity, and show excellent mechanical strength up to 65 MPa. It is, to the best of authors' knowledge, the first report of using aromatic vinyl monomers as self‐crosslinking monomers to generate HCPs monoliths with high surface area, yielding no by‐products, and high mechanical strength.
The use of pedicled chimeric superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap as lymphatic interpositional flap for deep thigh defect reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar , Fuchs Bruno
Published: October 2021

The tumors affecting the thigh region are complex to manage, requiring a patient‐tailored and multidisciplinary approach. Because of their aggressiveness, soft tissue sarcomas (STS) often grow very quickly and they must be removed before they might cause major impairments. A safe margin excision may lead to large defects that require a surgical reconstruction with either free or pedicled flaps. Another relevant aspect, which is gaining more and more attention in the last few years, regards the lymphatic complications that commonly occur after these procedures. The thigh region anatomically accommodates the major lymphatics responsible for the whole leg drainage, and these vessels are often inevitably compromised during the tumor removal. For this reason, plastic surgeons should take into account not only to the aesthetic and functional result, but they should also try to prevent lymphatic sequelae such as lymphocele and lymphedema. The purpose of this report is to describe the potential of a pedicled SCIP flap, used as a lymphatic interpositional flap, in order to restore the lymphatic drainage of the thigh after a major impairment. A 57‐year‐old patient presenting a thigh sarcoma received a surgical excision leaving a 35 cm × 25 cm defect affecting the anterior compartment. To fulfill all these concerns, a lymphatic interpositional SCIP flap was performed, in pedicled and chimeric fashion. It allowed to completely bury a large (35 cm × 16 cm) soft tissue island, preserving a smaller (5 cm × 4 cm) skin paddle to monitor the whole flap survival. Moreover, the lymphatic issue was faced by preserving the lymphatic vessels running into the flap and moving them into the affected area in order to enhance the lymphatic neo‐angiogenesis and offering an additional pattern for lymph drainage. Post‐operative course was uneventful and at 9 months follow up the reconstructive result was successful with no signs of lymphatic sequelae. Therefore, we believe that the SCIP flap might be a promising solution for small‐to‐moderate size thigh defect reconstructions since it is able to satisfy all the typical requirements of this delicate region.
Effect of Reversal of Whey‐Protein to Casein Ratio of Cow Milk, on Insulin, Incretin, and Amino Acid Responses in Humans
Authors: Toffolon Alessandro , de Rocco‐Ponce Maurizio , Vettore Monica , Iori Elisabetta , Lante Anna , Tessari Paolo
Published: October 2021

Scope

Milk‐proteins, besides lactose, stimulate insulin and incretin secretion. Although whey‐proteins (WP) are more efficient than casein (Cas) in hormone secretion, the effects of reversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in whole‐milk are poorly known.

Methods and Results

Healthy volunteers received two different cow‐milk drinks, at identical lactose (0.36 g × kg−1 BW) and total‐protein (0.18 g × kg1 BW) loads, but at reversed WP/Cas ratio. One is cow‐whole milk with a ≈20/80 [WP/Cas] ratio, the other an experimental cow‐milk with a ≈70/30 [WP/Cas] ratio ([↑WP↓Cas]‐milk). Both milk‐types induced the same mild hyperglycemic response. Following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the [20′–90′] insulin incremental area (iAUC) (+ ≈44%, p < 0.035), and the [20′–120′] C‐peptide iAUC (+ ≈47%, p < 0.015) are greater than those with cow‐milk. Similarly, following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the GLP‐1 [20′–90′] iAUC (+96%, p < 0.025), and the GIP [30′–60′] iAUC (+140%, p < 0.006), were greater than those with cow‐milk. Plasma total and branched‐chain amino acids are also greater following the [↑WP↓Cas] than cow‐milk.

Conclusions

Reversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in cow‐milk enhanced the insulin response, an effect possibly mediated by incretins and/or amino acids(s). These data may be useful in designing specific milk formulas with different effects on insulin and incretin response(s).
Dietary Exposure to the Food Contaminant Deoxynivalenol Triggers Colonic Breakdown by Activating the Mitochondrial and the Death Receptor Pathways
Authors: Payros Delphine , Alassane‐Kpembi Imourana , Laffitte Joelle , Lencina Corine , Neves Manon , Bracarense Ana Paula , Pinton Philippe , Ménard Sandrine , Oswald Isabelle P.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The food contamination by mycotoxins is of increasing public health concerns. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin contaminating cereals, has been associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thereby raising the question of its role in the development of IBD. Moreover, the effect of DON on the colon is poorly described.

Methods and Results

Wistar rats exposed (1–4 weeks) to low doses of DON (2 or 9 mg kg−1 feed) show microscopic alterations of colonic tissue (dilated lymphatic vessels, luminal debris, and cubic and flattened enterocytes). Ingestion of DON also alters colonic functions by increasing paracellular permeability while reducing the expression of the tight junction proteins and increased apoptosis in colonic tissue. Pro‐apoptotic factors Bax/Bak, cytochrome C, and caspase 9 are upregulated, whereas expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl2 tends to decrease for the mitochondrial pathway. An increased expression of FasR and caspase‐8 is observed for the extrinsic pathway. An increase in the pro‐inflammatory markers TNFα, IL‐17, and myeloperoxidase is also observed.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the dietary exposure to low levels of DON in food targets the colon inducing a health‐threatening breakdown of the colonic barrier, highlighting oral exposure to DON as a potential risk factor in triggering IBD.