bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Results of Harms Technique in Atlantoaxial Instability Treatment
Authors: KARAKOYUN Durmuş Oğuz
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to present the clinical experience and results in the application of atlantoaxial stabilization performed with Harms technique to contribute to the literature.Methods: Archive files of adult patients who underwent C1-2 stabilization using Harms technique with the diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability for 2015-2020 were examined. Clinical and radiological findings of 15 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up were evaluated. Preoperative clinical and radiological records, preoperative observations, postoperative complications, and clinical responses were evaluated.Results: 15 patients included in the study; 10 were men and 5 were women. The age range was 25-82 (mean: 58.7). There were 6 patients (40.0%) who had Anderson and D'Alanzo classification type 2 odontoid fracture 2 patients (13.3%) with Jefferson fracture, 2 patients (13.3%) with C2 extension type tear drop fracture, 2 patients (13.3%) with narrowing in the level of craniocervical junction, 1 patient (6.7%) with upper cervical region tumor and 2 patients (13.3%) was in the form of hangmans fracture. Screw malposition was not observed in the postoperative period. Bone fusion developed in all patients after surgery. No vertebral artery damage or neurological damage was observed. Wound infection was not observed in any of these patients. Visual analog scale (VAS) reduction and Japanese orthopedic (JOA) scores were increased in all postoperative patients.Conclusion: Surgery of atlantoaxial instability is a pathology requiring adequate surgical experience due to the complicated anatomical structure. Using the Harms technique, sufficient stability is provided with a low complication rate. With this method, improvement in the clinical findings of the patients and high bone fusion were obtained.
Indicators of Isotretinoin-Induced Myopathy: Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Cobb Angle of Spine
Authors: ARAÇ Densel , GÜNER Rukiye
Published: December 2020

Objective: There are many side effects of isotretinoin on the musculoskeletal system, liver, nervous system and dermatological side effects. To investigate usage and side effects of isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid), which is popularly recommended by dermatologists for the treatment of acne vulgaris, on young patients admitted to the hospital with severe low back and neck pains.Methods: We evaluated 61 patients who, using isotretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris for an average of eight months, experienced cervical and lumbar pain between 2017-2019. The age range of patients was between 16 and 38 years, there were 45 female and 16 male patients. These patients used isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5-0.8 mg/kg/day for the treatment of acne vulgaris for about eight months. The patients were questioned about cervical and lower back pain, joint pain, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria, creatine phospo-kinase (CPK), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), inflammation myopathy, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (Neu/Lymp ratio), and Cobb angle of the spine during monthly controls.Results: The VAS and Neu/Lymp ratio, cervical and lumbar Cobb angles of the patients were statistically analyzed and the relationship between them was shown.Conclusion: The Neu/Lymp ratio and Cobb angle of the cervical and lumbar spine should be considered as an alternative or additional parameter to diagnose drug-induced myopathy.
Gallbladder Polyp; When Surgical Treatment is Necessary?
Authors: AYDIN İsmail , GÖKTAŞ Selçuk
Published: December 2020

Objective: Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are the lesions that are originated from the mucosa of the gallbladder and reach out to the lumen. The biological behaviours of GBP have still been uncertain, their follow-ups and treatments are controversial as they carry the risk of malignancy. Our aim is to present the results of patients who have been operated on with the diagnosis of GBP in this study.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Giresun University. Patients who underwent surgery for GBP were included between January 2015 and December 2019. The age, gender, symptoms, ultrasonography findings (numbers polyps, types and presence of polyp and stone), surgery method (open and laparoscopic), and histopathological examination results were analysed.Results: A total of 1486 cholecystectomies, including 1388 laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 98 open cholecystectomies, were performed. One-hundred thirty-two (8.8%) of these patients were operated with the diagnosis of the GBP. One-hundred thirty of them were operated with the laparoscopic method and two of them with the open surgical method. Overall, fourty two (31.8%) of the patients were male and 90 (68.2%) were female. The average age was 48.7. One-hundred one (76.5%) patients were clinically symptomatic. Gallstones were analysed in 35 (26.5%) patients. Multipl polyps were detected in 34 (25.8%) patients. There were no polyps determined in 47 (35.6%) patients the histopathological examination. The most common polyp type was cholesterol polyps (%64.8). Cancer histopathology was not found in any patient.Conclusion: It is difficult to differentiate premalign and/or malignant lesions of the gallbladder from benign lesions. Therefore, we believe that surgical treatment is the correct approach for all GBP, which are symptomatic, accompanying stones, and that have a risk of malignancy ultrasonographically.
The Effect of Perforation Size and Site on Graft Success and Hearing in Cartilage Tympanoplasty with Mastoidectomy
Authors: KARAKUŞ Mehmet Fatih , KARAKURT Süleyman Emre , ÇOLAK Mustafa , DERE Haci Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

Objective: Chronic otitis media (COM) treatment aims to obtain a dry middle ear mucosa as much as possible with medical treatment and to closure the perforation in the tympanic membrane with the help of various graft materials after the eradication of the disease. In the presence of perforation, the surface area of the tympanic membrane is decreases, which causes a decrease in the sound pressure in the middle ear and adversely affect hearing. At present, there is no globally accepted standardization of factors affecting anatomical success of the graft and hearing outcomes. In this study, the effect of perforation size and site in the tympanic membrane on anatomic success and hearing was investigated in cases where autogenic composite tragal cartilage graft material was used.Methods: The patients were classified in groups with respect to the perforation site (central or marginal) and size (large if the perforation comprised more than 50% of the membrane area, and small if it comprised less) in the tympanic membrane. Anatomical success and preoperative–postoperative mean air bone gap pure tone average (ABG PTA) values of the graft were separately calculated for each group, and the ratios were compared.Results: In 69 patients who underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy, 48 tympanic membrane perforations were central, 21 were marginal, 46 were small, and 23 were large. Graft anatomic success rates were 91.7% in the central group, 66.7% in the marginal group, 89.1% in the small group, and 73.9% in the large group. The anatomical success of the central group was found to be significantly higher than that of the marginal group. No difference was found between the small and large groups. When the effect on hearing was calculated, the postoperative hearing levels were significantly better in the central group.Conclusion: Perforation size had no effect on the anatomical success and hearing level of the graft, while the perforation site affected both the anatomical success of the graft and the hearing level.
Stopping Ultrafiltration Related Blood Pressure Changes in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: KARATAŞ Ahmet , ERDEM Emre
Published: December 2020

Objective: The present study inquired the effects of stopping ultrafiltration on arterial pressure in hemodialysis patients.Methods: Our study was performed in 92 hemodialysis patients. Ultrafiltration was stopped after the 3rd hour of hemodialysis. Arterial pressure was measured in the supine position at 0, 5, and 10 minutes after ultrafiltration was stopped. Results: Systolic arterial pressure increased by a mean of 4 mm Hg and diastolic arterial pressure increased by a mean of 2 mmHg at 10 minutes after ultrafiltration was stopped. With regard to the difference between mean arterial pressure measured before dialysis and just after stopping ultrafiltration (0. minute), systolic arterial pressure increased by a means of 5 mmHg and diastolic arterial pressure increased by a mean of 2 mmHg at 10 minutes after ultrafiltration was stopped in the patients with a mean arterial pressure decrease of ≥ 10 mmHg. However, stopping ultrafiltration caused no significant changes in the systolic arterial pressure or diastolic arterial pressure of the patients with a mean arterial pressure decrease of < 10 mmHg. An important correlation was determined between systolic arterial pressure elevation after stopping ultrafiltration and age, ultrafiltration rate, duration of hemodialysis, gender in the patients with a mean arterial pressure decrease of ≥ 10 mmHg. Age and gender were the independent variables, which affected the systolic arterial pressure elevation after stopping ultrafiltration.Conclusion: In patients with a mean arterial pressure decrease of ≥ 10 mmHg, stopping ultrafiltration increases arterial pressure but this is a limited elevation. Stopping ultrafiltration related systolic arterial pressure elevation is more evident in females and in the elderly.
Investigation of a Possible Association Between Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Pain in Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: SEZGİN Hicabi , İLANBEY Bilal
Published: December 2020

Objective: Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis plays a pivotal role in many physiologic mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between postoperative pain and thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty for primary knee osteoarthritis.Methods: This prospective uncontrolled study included 28 patients (10 male, 18 female) with a diagnosis of primary gonarthrosis who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty and met the study inclusion criteria. Venous blood samples were taken from the patients and pain values were recorded simultaneously using the visual analog scale (VAS) preoperatively and at the 4th postoperative week. Thiol/disulfide hemostasis levels were measured using a new fully-automated and spectrophotometric method developed by Erel and Neselioglu.Results: The average age of the patients participating in the study was 66.25 ± 8.29 years and 18 (64.3%) of the patients were female. B values for preoperative native/total thiol (+7,652), preoperative disulfide/native thiol (+10,550), and postoperative total thiol (+128), positively affected the difference in VAS values. B values for preoperative disulfide (-219), postoperative disulfide (-1,297), postoperative native/total thiol (-4,238), and postoperative disulfide/native thiol (-3,316) negatively affected the difference in VAS values.Conclusion: The disulfide level, an oxidized form in thiol/disulfide homeostasis, appears to be a valuable marker for evaluating the effect of oxidative stress on postoperative pain.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: YENİBERTİZ Derya , AKINCI ÖZYÜREK Berna , AYDIN Mehmet Sinan , ERDOĞAN Yurdanur
Published: December 2020

Objective: Depression and anxiety are the comorbid diseases of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and these diseases are more frequently in patients with serious progressive types of IPF. The aim of this study was to use the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate the levels of depression and anxiety in IPF patients.Methods: A total of 27 patients were included to the study. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function tests, GAP indexes (gender, age, and physiology), 6-minute walk test (MWT) values were recorded from the patient files. To measure the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with IPF, the validated Turkish version of the HADS, including 14 questions, was used.Results: Anxiety was determined in 33.3% of the patients and depression was detected in 37% of the patients. The patients’ avearage anxiety score was 5.5 and the mean depression score was 6.2. Desaturation in patients with anxiety was significantly higher (p<0.05) and was found to be higher in patients with depression (p<0.05). DLCO levels were detected to be lower in patients with depression (p <0.05).Conclusion: The quality of life of patients diagnosed with IPF can be improved by psychiatric assessment and adequate supportive care, including antidepressant medication and psychological therapy.
Evaluation of the Frequency of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts and Related Factors in Female Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: UCUZ İlknur , UZUN CİCEK Ayla
Published: December 2020

Objective: Although anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with increased suicidal attempts, clinical variables that that influence this relationship still remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of suicide attempts in females with AN, and the general psychopathology and associated clinical variables in patients with anorexia nervosa who do and do not attempt suicide.Methods: In this study, archive files and reports of 43 females with AN admitted to the department of child and adolescent psychiatry between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Participants' socio-demographic variables (age, peer relationships, psychiatric comorbidity, abuse history, history of suicidal thought and/or plan, family history of AN, etc.) and clinical (subtypes of AN, clinical features, response to treatment, the presence of suicidal ideation/attempts, etc.) characteristics were investigated. Also, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used.Results: Our results revealed that 18.8% of patients with restricting AN, 81.3% of patients with purging or binging/purging AN, and 37.2% of the entire sample had at least one suicidal attempt, and 39.5% of the patients engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors. Further, binge-eating/purging AN type, more severe forms of AN, treatment resistance and poor insight or lack of insight, the presence of physical and emotional abuse, domestic violence, and the existence of psychiatric comorbidity markedly elevated the risk of suicide.Conclusion: The present study shows that patients with AN should be investigated not only for problems with eating and weight but also for possible non-suicidal self-harm behaviors, suicidal attempts.
POSSIBILITIES OF DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY REMOTE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC METHODS IN CONDITIONS OF PRELIMINARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Vishnyakova N. A
Published: December 2020

Atrial Fibrillation is a complex and dangerous disease. Methods of remote electrocardiography for examination of patients were used in outpatient units with different territorial remoteness of two medical institutions. ECG records on the Internet were sent to the cloud storage, where it was sent to the personal office of the doctor of functional diagnostics to control the automatic conclusion of the devices. Medical ECG reports were returned to the device to the doctor/paramedic for future work with the patient. Atrial Fibrillation was detected in 137 patients: in 40 cases (29,1 %) for the first time in life. A high risk of brain complications (2 or more points) was installed in 114 people (83,2 %) according to the CHA2DS2-VASc. The standard of treatment was not met by all patients. Electrocardiography with remote transmission revealed arrhythmia at the level of the doctor «first contact». Electrocardiography with remote transmission showed arrhythmia at the level of the doctor «first contact».
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGETIC ACTIONS OF 1,3-DIAZINO-4 COMPOUNDS PYATD1 ACYCLIC PRECURSOR AND DAPSON
Authors: Voronkov A. V , Luzhnova S. A , Kodonidi I. P , Osychenko S. A , Dyakova I. N , Ignatiadi O. N , Chigikova T. V.
Published: December 2020

In the experiment performed on 144 Wistar male rats, the anti-inflammatory activities of a new diazinone derivative under the code of PYATd1 and dapsone, were studied in the model of acute exudative and chronic proliferative inflammation. The analgetic activity was studied by mechanical irritation against the background of formalin sia. The results obtained indicate that the compound PYATd1 has pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgetic effects, superior to dapsone and comparable to ibuprofen, diclofenac and nimesulide.
SELECTIVE INTESTINAL DECONTAMINATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DIVERTICULITIS COMPLICATED BY COVERED PERFORATION AS A WAY TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Vorontsov O. F , Graeb C. , Tolochyk V. V , Mikhin I. V , Kosivtcov O. A , Ryaskov L. A , Kitaeva A. V.
Published: December 2020

The effect of selective perioperative intestinal decontamination in patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by covered perforation on the number of postoperative complications was described. A prospective and partially retrospective study of the results of complex treatment of 196 patients with acute diverticulitis localized in the sigmoid colon, complicated by covered perforation, divided into group А - 66 patients with perioperative selective intestinal decontamination and group B -130 patients without decontamination. Rectal resection by open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted methods with the formation of primary colorectal anastomoses was performed in all cases. Of the 196 patients included in our study, 122 (62,2 %) underwent surgery without complications. Abdominal postoperative complications directly caused by surgical interventions and related, according to the classification of Clavien-Dindo surgical complications (C-D) to grades I, IIIb and IV, were noted in 9 (13,6 %) patients of group A and 36 (27,6 %) patients of group B, and extraabdominal (C-D I, IV), which included: pneumonia, acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, urosepsis, postoperative delirium and transient ischemic attack - in 8 (12,1 %) and 21 (16,1 %) patients of the corresponding groups. In group A, there was a significantly lower number of general abdominal and wound complications, as well as the total number of all postoperative complications (p = 0,03, p = 0,04 and p = 0,0111 respectively). There were no fatalities. The used scheme of oral antibiotic therapy, along with orthograde intestinal sanitation with osmolar solutions, significantly reduced the frequency of surgical and non-surgical complications.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEPTH INDICES OF THE MAXILLARY BASAL ARCHES
Authors: Efimova E. Yu , Krayushkin A. I , Efimov Yu. V , Fedorov S. V.
Published: December 2020

Morphometric indices of the depth of the maxillary basal arches of the mesocranial, brachiocranal and dolichocranial types of the skull were studied. The work was performed on 187 preparations of skulls of people of both sexes of the first and second periods of adulthood with physiological occlusion of teeth. As a result of the study, the minimum and maximum limits of basal arches depth indices at the level of canines, premolars and molars were determined. It was found that at the level of premolars the depth of basal arcs in men of mesocranial skulls statistically significantly exceeded the depth of basal arches in women. In each craniotype, the depth of basal arches at the level of canines and molars in men and women was not statistically significant.
PREVALENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY ROOTS OF PERMANENT MANDIBULAR TEETH ACCODING TO CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Trigolos N. N , Yaroshenko N. N , Piterskaya N. V. , Starikova I. V. , Chaplieva E. M.
Published: December 2020

1800 pre-made cone beam computed tomograms (CBCT) were examined, of which 202 CBCT were selected. It was revealed that a prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molar was 2,5 %, second molars - 4,5 %. First molar supernumerary root was always distolingual root (radix entomolaris). Second molar supernumerary root was distolingual root in 2,5 % (radix entomolaris), in 2 % mesialbuccal root (radix paramolaris)., The prevalence of double-root in the mandibular first premolar was 2 %, in the second premolar was 1 %, in the mandibular canines was 5 %, the bifurcation was located in the apical and middle third root canals of canine and premolar, which makes endodontic treatment of such teeth as difficult as possible.
FEATURES OF OCCLUSION ANOMALIES IN UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Dmitrienko S. V. , Domenyuk D. A , Kondratyeva T. A , Harutyunyan Yu. S
Published: December 2020

The article presents phenotypic signs of pathology of the maxillofacial region in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, among which are highlighted anomalies of occlusive relationships in the sagittal direction in combination with deep incising dysocclusion and narrowing of dental arcs, pathology of solid tissues of teeth (hypoplasia), vertical type of jaw growth, «gothic palate», anomalies of attachment of bridles of lips and tongue, narrowing of the roots of the roots of teeth. The results of the study can be used in clinical dentistry in the examination and treatment of patients with connective tissue dysplasia.
THE PREVALENCE OF ANKYLOGLOSIA TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANATOMO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN CHILDREN OF VOLGOGRAD
Authors: Kroman Yu. O
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children from 5 to 13 years of age, taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the maxillofacial region. Functional tests are proposed for the study of language motility and their assessment is carried out on a 4-point system. The studies were carried out after obtaining the written consent of the parents, taking into account the recommendations of the Ethics Committee. It is established that the prevalence of ankyloglossia is (6,96 ± 0,053) % of the number of examined children in Volgograd. It was noted that almost all the examined had impaired motor function of the tongue, requiring surgical treatment.
STUDY OF CEREBROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DRUGS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: Voronkov A. V. , Miroshnichenko K. A , Pozdnyakov D. I , Potapova A. A
Published: December 2020

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that can affect people of all ages and professions. The aim of the study was to study the effects of drugs of different pharmacological groups on the course of CTE. Materials and methods. The pathology model was reproduced by dropping a 150 g load from a height of 0.5 m onto the parietal region of the rat skull for 7 days. Results. Based on the results of the experiment, the restoration of cognitive functions and a decrease in the concentration of markers of neurodegradation was established with the use of Cerepro, Panthogam, Hypoxene, Stimol, Phenibut. Conclusions: having analyzed the experimental data, it is possible to assume the presence of cerebroprotective activity in the studied drugs and the possibility of their use in the treatment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN'S THYMUS ACCORDING TO CT-IMAGES DATA ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER
Authors: Gomon M. S , Mantulina L. A , Zatolokina M. A , Lipatov V. A
Published: December 2020

The research purpose was to analyze images of computed tomography of the chest to study the size of the normal thymus in children and adolescents and to identify differences taking into account age and gender characteristics. Materials and methods: CT images of chest organs of 100 patients aged 3 to 18 years, performed on the basis of the Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary Public Health Institution of the Kursk Region Health Committee using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer program, were retrospectively studied. For morphometry, we proposed a thymic-thoracic index. Results and discussion: the obtained dimensional characteristics of the thymus have differences in comparison with published data. In particular, at the age of 11-18 years, in women, the size of the gland is smaller than in the younger age group (3-10 years), while, according to the literature, the maximum size of the thymus is in the puberty period. Conclusions: the morphometric differences in the dimensional characteristics of the thymus revealed in this study indicate the need to study this organ in sexual and age aspects, with a view to their further use in the clinic.
MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF POST PROSTHETIC COMPLICATIONS DURING DENTAL IMPLANTATION
Authors: Mikhalchenko D. V. , Makedonova Yu. A , Salyamov H. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The number of dental implants performed at the dental reception is steadily increasing. Along with this increased and the frequency of occurrence postprostatectomy complications in dental implantation. One of the main tasks of a dentist is early detection of the initial signs of inflammation of the parotid tissue, leading to mucositis. If you do not act on the site of inflammation in a timely manner, the destruction of bone tissue around the implant will begin with the development of peri-implantitis. In this work, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the frequency of occurrence of mucositis and periimplantitis. An algorithm for diagnostic measures has been developed. The patients were determined by the hygienic index, the iodine number of Svrakov, the degree of bleeding, and the depth of probing of the dental sulcus. The implant stabilization was determined using amplitude-frequency analysis. A detailed periodontal screening was performed to assess the condition of the gums and identify pathological processes occurring in the tissue surrounding the implants. The condition of the cortical plate and parotid bone tissue was evaluated radiologically. The developed algorithm for diagnostic examination of patients with postprotetic complications during dental implantation helps to detect inflammation in an early period, which in turn allows to preserve the integrity of the tooth.
APPLICATION OF OZONE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANTATION COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Mikhalchenko D. V. , Salyamov H. Yu. , Makedonova Yu. A , Mikhalchenko A. V.
Published: December 2020

The percentage of implant treatment failures is steadily increasing. This may be due to both General and local factors that lead to the development of parotid tissue inflammation. In this case, one of the signs of development postprostatectomy complications following dental implantation is bleeding, redness. Earlier detection of inflammatory phenomena of peri-g raft tissue may contribute to the preservation of the tooth and the chewing function of the dentition. Currently, there is no single approach to the treatment of perimplantitis and mucositis. Traditional treatment is based on the use of anti-inflammatory gels and ointments. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of ozone treatment relative to the standard treatment regimen is performed. During 14 days, an examination and instrumental examination were performed to determine the hygienic indices, the bleeding index, the Svrakov iodine number, and periodontal screening. The implant stability coefficient was determined using the Osstel Mentor device. In all groups, there was a positive tendency to subside inflammatory phenomena, and in some cases, there was a complete cessation of the process, but the nature and timing were different depending on the methods of exposure to the pathological focus.
THE NEAREST RESULTS OF LAPOROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR CARDIOSPASM (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE CLINIC)
Authors: Polyantsev A. A , Kotrunov V. V , Polyantsev A.A. (jr.) , Zimin A. G , Glezer K. M
Published: December 2020

The retrospective analysis of nearest results of laparoscopic surgery for cardiospasm was provided according to the materials of the department of thoracic surgery of the «Volgograd Regional clinical Hospital №1» for 2018-2020. The research included 32 laparoscopic surgical treatment cases of cardiospasm II-III stage with Heller's method with Nissen's fundoplication or partial fundoplication after Tupa (270 °С). Analysis of the nearest results of laparoscopic surgery for cardiospasm rated the advantages of the laparoscopic method in perfoming exstramucosal esophagocardiomyotomy are assessed. The traumatism and time of the operation decreasewas marked, it was reduced the patients hospital stay and postoperation rehabilitation was also redused in patients with II-III stage of the disease.
A COMPLEX CASE OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Stjazhkina S. N , Ledneva A. V , Nazmieva A. Sh , Kochurova A. A
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the description of a clinical case of a patient with an established diagnosis: right parathyroid adenoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, multiple organ failure. Special attention is paid to the correctly collected anamnesis, objective examination of the patient, diagnostic measures, the results of laboratory and instrumental methods research were considered and analyzed. This clinical case is actual because this disease, regardless of its form, has a manifestation of multiple concomitant pathologies, which indicates the importance of early detection of changes in the functioning of body systems.
A METHOD FOR RESTORING VOICE FUNCTION OF THE LARYNX AFTER OPERATIONS FOR THYROID CANCER
Authors: Kovalenko N. V. , Fainshtein D. V. , Ponomaryev V. V. , Nenarokomov A. Yu. , Ivanov A. I , Zhavoronkova V. V , Tolstopyatov S. Ye. , Moiseev D. V. , Dzhafarov D. D
Published: December 2020

The incidence of thyroid cancer in the period from 2008 to 2018 in the Russian Federation increased from 74,8 to 114,1 cases per 100,000 population. The risk of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during primary operations ranges from 0,5 to 23 %, with repeated operations increases to 62 %. The Volgograd regional clinical oncological dispensary uses the technique of intraoperative restoration of the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by means of a micro-neural anastomosis with the main trunk of the vagus nerve. We have experience in performing 6 similar operations. The description of this technique is given on the example of a clinical case. The described technique allows you to completely restore the voice and mobility of the vocal folds of the larynx. Respiratory function is fully restored, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of a tracheostomy in case of bilateral nerve damage, and if even unilateral paresis led to decompensated respiratory failure.
GIARDIASIS AS A CAUSE OFLESIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN CHILDREN PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Arakelyan R. S , Okunskaya E. I , Sergeeva N. A , Konnova O. V. , Bogdanyants M. V. , Shendo G. L. , Okunskiy S. V. , Mashteev A. B
Published: December 2020

In this article, the authors analyzed the nature of gastrointestinal tract damage in preschool children due to infestation caused by Giardia parasitism. To complete this task, 131 children aged 2 to 17 years were monitored and examined.
CASE OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE I WITH ASTROCYTOMA OF THE BRAIN IN THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICIAN
Authors: Buchkova T. N , Zriachkin N. I , Chebotareva G. I , Tihnenko O. V.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the topic is due to insufficient awareness of doctors about neurofibromatosis, which leads to a delay in diagnosis and the development of complications. The diagnostic criteria characteristic of this disease, features of the clinical course, possible complications, methods of treatment, features of dispensary observation are described. A clinical case of neurofibromatosis type I with astrocytoma of the brain is described. The diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) was established in a patient aged 4 years 3 months. The peculiarity of the manifestations of this clinical case is the absence of family history; the combination of cutaneous manifestations, multiple lesions of the nervous system, complicated by chronic subdural hematoma, endocrine disorders and extra-cutaneous manifestations (eye symptoms, hearing and speech disorders); the absence of significant positive dynamics despite repeated surgical treatment and long-term polyochemo-therapy. Despite the stabilization of clinical manifestations of the disease, this patient has an unfavorable prognosis with possible progression of the pathological process. For early clinical detection of patients with NFI, using for this purpose diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Committee of experts on neurofibromatosis, continuity of management and adequate measures of primary and secondary prevention of complications of NFI is important knowledge of this pathology by primary health care physicians, including pediatricians, district and family doctors, neurologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists and surgeons.
SANITARY AND PARASITOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SOIL OF ASTRAKHAN REGION FOR PERIOD OF 2014-2020 YEARS
Authors: Irdeeva V. A , Arakelyan R. S , Bogdanyants M. V , Stepanenko E. A , Shendo G. L , Deeva T. M
Published: December 2020

The authors analyzed the sanitary and parasitological state of the soil of the Astrakhan region for 2014 - 6 months of 2020, using the materials of their own laboratory research and research of the center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Astrakhan region. In total, during the analyzed period, 8 144 soil samples were studied, and 16 288 studies were performed. The total number of samples that did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 6,7 %. Thus, in 2014, 16,7 % of soil samples (n = 1368) were examined for sanitar-parasitological indicators, of which 5,0 % of samples did not meet the standards. In 2015, soil studies were also conducted - 12,2 %, of which 6,4 % were unsatisfactory. Thus, in 2016, 15,1 % of soil samples were examined, of which 9,3 % were unsatisfactory. In 2017, 13,4 % of soil samples were examined, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2018, studies of soil samples for parasitic indicators amounted to 16,8 %, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2019 17,5 % of soil samples were examined - the largest number of samples studied compared to previous years. 6,5 % of the samples did not meet the standard indicators. For 6 months of 2020, 8,3 % of soil samples were examined, of which 4,2 % did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators. Thus, the sanitary-parasitological state of the soil in recent years continues to be relatively unfavorable, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of larvae and eggs of helminths, as well as in the form of cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of Strongylid larvae and Toxocar eggs in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of invasive animals (cats and/or dogs). And the presence of unfertilized Ascaris and blastocysts eggs indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected people, or there was an accident and a break in the sewer network at this object.
LAPAROSCOPIC CORRECTION OF TYPE II ENDOLEAK AFTER AORTIC ANEURYSM RESECTION
Authors: Mozgovoy P. V , Lukovskova A. A , Spiridonov E. G , Mandrikov V. V , Zharkin F. N , Ufimtsev V. S , Moiseev D. V , Rebikov A. G , Novichenko V. I , Prikazchikov E. V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents a clinical case of laparoscopic surgical treatment of type II endoleaks after aortic aneurysm resection on shutdown and aorto-iliac bifurcation prosthetics. This complication developed a year after the operation and was verified by CT-aortography. The growth of the aneurysmal sac up to 5,7 cm in diameter and signs of endoleak due to the right lumbar artery at the L 4 level were detected. After appropriate preparation, laparoscopic resection of the aneurysmal sac and stitching of the lumbar artery was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was rehabilitated as soon as possible. Observation for 36 months, blood flow in the aneurysmal sac is not determined. Thus, laparoscopic techniques can be successfully used to correct complications after operations for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
SYMPHYSIOPATHIA AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROBLEM
Authors: Vorobyev A. A , Selikhova M. S , Il’ina O. V , Yakovenko M. S.
Published: December 2020

Symphysiopathia is one of the complications of the musculoskeletal system that occurs in the second half of pregnancy and childbirth, which can limit the functionality of patients and worsen the quality of life. Symphysiopathia often becomes an interdisciplinary problem that requires participation in the diagnosis and treatment of not only obstetricians and gynecologists, but also traumatologists, urologists and other specialists. Information about the frequency of occurrences of symphysiopathia is contradictory and registered in the range from 0,03 to 2,8 %. These contradictions are caused by the lack of clear criteria for diagnosis, overall terminology and low clinical alertness of treating doctors. The terminology «symphysitis» is not relevant, because it indicates the inflammatory genesis of the disease. Currently, the most appropriate term is «symphysiopathia», which reflects the leading (but not the only) symptom of the disease-pain. Modern research shows that the development of symphysiopathia in pregnant women is based on a combination of several fundamental factors - biomechanical causes, undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and magnesium and calcium deficiency. There is no consensus about cause-and-effect interrelation, and this problem needs to be studied.
PREVENTION OF SHORT-TERM COMPLICATIONS FOR OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Turovets M. I , Mozgovoy P. V. , Ekstrem A. V , Slakhter S. M. , Lopushkov A. V.
Published: December 2020

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of early postoperative complications in coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG). A comparative analysis of early postoperative complications for off-pump CABG in patients with diabetes mellitus was made. A randomized study of the results of surgical treatment of patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting of 2 or more branches of the coronary arteries without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass included 191 patients. In patients of the main group (n = 32), the comorbid background was complicated by diabetes; in patients in the control group (n = 159), this disease was not detected. For statistical processing of the obtained data, nonparametric criteria were used (Fisher test and relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI)). It is proved that in patients of the main group (with diabetes) the relative risk of developing postoperative complications (acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, acute renal failure, multiple organ failure syndrome, etc.) is significantly higher than in patients in the control group (RR = 1.36-4 .97). The use of combined anesthesia (with prolonged thoracic epidural analgesia) allowed patients of both groups to significantly reduce the risk of developing clinically significant complications (RR = 0.26-0.78). Performing off-pump CABG in patients with diabetes is associated with a significant increase in the risk of postoperative complications, and the use of combined anesthesia effectively reduces the risk of their development in patients of this category.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN OPERATORS OF MORNING CHRONOTYPE BASED ON BIOELECTRICAL FEATURES OF BRAIN
Authors: Kudrin R. A , Lifanova E. V. , Plotnikova A. V.
Published: December 2020

Biorhythmological features and electroencephalography parameters in operators of morning chronotype demonstrate a significant mutual influence. In particular, frequency of the low-frequency beta-rhythm in left central leads and the total result of Ostberg-Stepanova test have an inverse correlation of average strength (rs = -0,697), which reflects the expressed ability of these operators to perform stereotypical, routine mental operations. In addition, total result of Ostberg - Stepanova test has a strong inverse correlation with frequency of low-frequency beta-rhythm in right central (rs = -0,704) and right temporal leads (rs = -0,738). This indicates that «pronounced larks» have the ability to quickly and efficiently perform repetitive mental operations, especially those associated with the impact of non-verbal auditory stimuli.
Development of demographic education in higher education institutions of Russia
Authors: Chernova Kristina , Bedrina Elena
Published: December 2020

The article assesses the availability of demographic education in Russian universities based on the analysis of information posted on the websites of educational programs of higher education institutions included in the rating of top 100 ranking best universities in the Russian Federation, compiled by the research company RAEX-Analytics LLC in 2019. Universities are grouped according to their profile, specialization and geographical location. Monitoring of educational programs is presented in terms of educational levels and directions. The study revealed that 75% of Russian universities, included in the sample, have demographic disciplines in their educational programs. Demographic education is most developed in multidisciplinary universities. Demographic disciplines are included in almost all educational programs for training in the area of "Sociology". It is concluded that there is an inequality in the availability of demographic education, since it is more concentrated in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg as well as in the cities of the Volga Federal District. In addition, there were found out such distortions in the development of demographic education as lack of instrumental disciplines and weak inclusion of demographic disciplines in economic programs. As a result of the research, there are given recommendations aimed at expanding the range of students studying demography, forming of continuity in educational programs for bachelor's and master's degrees, and including demographic disciplines of an instrumental nature in them. The authors believe that the expansion of interaction between universities and local authorities in training specialists will contribute to development of demographic education.
Life opportunities of people: conceptual approaches and measurement
Authors: Lokosov Vyacheslav , Roik Valentin
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of poverty, social inequality and life opportunities (chances) of individuals. Qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing life opportunities are used to analyze the effectiveness of social policy, allowing identification of the real opportunities to achieve certain levels of material well-being and quality of life for the most typical groups of the population in terms of income, education, duration of employment in professional groups. This provides a more accurate analysis of the opportunities to achieve a higher level of education, social status, access to quality medical care, reliable insurance institutions. Accessibility of knowledge, social services, employment, social networks to individuals, reflects not only their potential that can be realized in the future, but also describes the current situation: uneven distribution of resources generating poverty, social disunity. The article proposes to consider the triad of issues "poverty — social inequality — life opportunities" in a single context, which is a new methodological tool for development of social policy of the State. To eliminate the institutional gap in the social sphere in Russia, it is necessary to improve the quality of budget management, which is possible only with an integrated approach that allows the use of effective mechanisms, institutions and forms of interaction between the business community and the State. In this regard, it seems most appropriate to focus on the further development of such management mechanisms as results-based budgeting; program-targeted methods of implementing budget policy; public-private partnership in the field of financing social services to the population; actuarial methods in the pension and health insurance system.
Methods of estimating the Level and differentiation of population income
Authors: Migranova Lyudmila , Zharomsky Vladislav
Published: December 2020

On the basis of data for 2013-2017, the article shows changes in the level, structure and differentiation of the Russian population monetary income after the introduction by Rosstat in 2018 of a new methodology for calculating macro-economic indicators of population monetary income by separate income sources. Comparative analysis of the calculations made by the 1996 and 2018 methods shows significant changes only in the structure of population monetary income, mainly in such income items as work remuneration of employees and other cash receipts. Average per capita income changed slightly (+/-1%). Besides, there are actually no changes in the indicators of differentiation and in the distribution series for population by income despite the fact that the estimation of population inequality was made using the data from the Sample Survey of Population Income (SSPI) instead of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) used before. Based on the data from the Sample Survey of Population Income for 2013-2017, the article shows the relationship between the indicators of wage differentiation and per capita monetary income that differ from the official data, and in our opinion, this is due not only to different information sources, but also to the methods of income inequality estimation for the total population. The article provides variants of calculating differentiation of the RF population monetary income for 2018 using logarithmic normal model with similar per capita monetary income of the total population and different number of the population with per capita income within the range of the set minimum income. As a result, the R/P10% ratio of the RF population income increases in comparison with the officially published indicators of inequality.