bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A produção do cuidado no Programa de Atenção Domiciliar de uma Cooperativa Médica
Authors: Martins André Amorim , Franco Túlio Batista , Merhy Emerson Elias , Feuerwerker Laura Camargo Macruz
Published: November 2009

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a produção do cuidado no Programa de Atenção Domiciliar de uma Cooperativa Médica. O Programa pesquisado surgiu e cresceu devido à ideia de "ordenar a atenção aos beneficiários", especialmente os que utilizavam de forma exorbitante os prontos-atendimentos e os que faziam alto consumo de internações hospitalares. Fica implícita a ideia de redução dos custos operados pela cooperativa. É o maior Programa de Atenção Domiciliar, na saúde suplementar, com 3.300 beneficiários em 2006. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo que utilizou como instrumentos de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental principalmente no site da operadora e da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chave, observação no local de atuação e coleta de dados em fonte secundária. A análise dos dados revela a satisfação dos beneficiários com os resultados obtidos por meio do Programa de Atenção Domiciliar, a diminuição de custos para a cooperativa médica e transferência de gastos para a família. O modo de produção do cuidado sugere haver um processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, considerando as importantes alterações nos processos de trabalho.
Armazenamento a frio de ramos porta-borbulhas e métodos de enxertia de cultivares de marmeleiro
Authors: Celant Viviane Marcela , Pio Rafael , Chagas Edvan Alves , Alvarenga Ângelo Albérico , Dalastra Idiana Marina , Campagnolo Marcelo Angelo
Published: November 2009

Visando a aumentar o aproveitamento do material propagativo, ampliar o período de oferta das mudas de marmeleiro e dinamizar o uso da mão-de-obra no viveiro, faz-se necessário o armazenamento dos ramos porta-borbulhas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a viabilidade da manutenção dos ramos porta-borbulhas de diferentes cultivares de marmeleiro, por meio do armazenamento a frio, e diagnosticar o método de enxertia para promover melhor desenvolvimento do enxerto. Ramos dos marmeleiros 'Japonês' (Chaenomeles sinensis), 'Smyrna', 'Portugal', 'Mendoza Inta-37' e 'Provence' (Cydonia oblonga) foram coletados em julho de 2008. Uma parte dos ramos foi utilizada para a realização da enxertia (métodos de borbulhia e garfagem) em mudas de seis meses de idade do porta-enxerto 'Japonês', e a outra parte foi armazenada sob baixa temperatura (estacas envoltas em papel umedecido, embrulhadas em sacos de polietileno colocadas em câmara fria a 4°C), por 30 e 60 dias. Passados 60 dias, foi mensurada a porcentagem de brotação dos enxertos e, ao final de 120 dias da realização das enxertias, foram mensurados o comprimento, o diâmetro e a massa seca média dos enxertos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de as cultivares apresentarem diferença, recomenda-se que os ramos sejam armazenados por até 30 dias, sendo utilizada a enxertia pelo método de garfagem.
Análise do comportamento de queima de argilas e formulações para revestimento cerâmico
Authors: Moreno M. M. T. , Bartolomeu D. , Lima R. H. C.
Published: November 2009

O uso de argilas de queima vermelha para a fabricação de placas cerâmicas para revestimentos tornou-se importante devido aos avanços tecnológicos e à qualidade da matéria-prima. Neste processo a moagem é feita por via seca e as temperaturas máximas de queima são maiores que 1000 ºC, ocorrendo reações de sinterização via fase líquida. Este trabalho aborda diversos aspectos que envolvem a queima deste tipo de argilas e suas misturas visando obter as melhores condições de sinterização. As argilas individuais foram analisadas usando os seguintes parâmetros: % em peso na composição, temperatura máxima de queima e absorção de água. Corpos-de-prova foram queimados em laboratório, em temperaturas de 800 a 1100 ºC, sendo que depois da caracterização das propriedades individuais, combinações binárias e ternárias foram processadas nas mesmas condições e analisadas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram elaborar uma proposta para preparar misturas com base nas características das matérias-primas. Devido a que as combinações apresentam variações, que dependem principalmente da distribuição do tamanho das partículas e conteúdo de fundentes, é necessário fazer correções na composição para alcançar as propriedades desejadas, o que é facilitado com a metodologia proposta.
Incorporação de lodo de lavanderia industrial na fabricação de tijolos cerâmicos
Authors: Herek L. C. S. , Silva Junior A. T. , Pavezzi C. C. , Bergamasco R. , Tavares C. R. G.
Published: November 2009

O lodo gerado em ETEs de lavanderias industriais é um material não inerte de Classe IIA, devido à sua solubilidade em água. Este resíduo tem recebido atenção especial devido à grande quantidade produzida e, consequentemente, ao custo demandado para destino em aterros industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a qualidade dos tijolos cerâmicos de vedação, fabricados com lodo de lavanderia industrial incorporado em massa cerâmica vermelha, pelo processo de extrusão, em escala de laboratório (73 x 35 x 55 mm), com os seguintes percentuais de lodo de lavanderia: 0 (modelo), 5, 10, 15 e 20% em peso. Após a queima, em indústria cerâmica, a qualidade dos tijolos foi analisada por meio de ensaios de resistência à compressão, absorção de água, lixiviação e solubilização. Nos resultados obtidos observou-se que a resistência à compressão é inversamente proporcional à quantidade de lodo adicionada, enquanto a absorção de água é diretamente proporcional à mesma quantidade de lodo adicionada na fabricação dos tijolos. No ensaio de lixiviação nenhum dos metais pesados analisados foi lixiviado; para o ensaio de solubilização nenhum dos metais analisados foi detectado, comprovando que o produto é inerte. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível a fabricação de tijolos de vedação com até 20% de resíduo de lavanderias industriais incorporados em argila.
Níveis nutricionais de zinco para frangos de corte machos e fêmeas nas fases de crescimento e terminação
Authors: Gomes Paulo Cezar , Rigueira Dalton César Milagres , Brumano Gladstone , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira , Rostagno Horacio Santiago , Schmidt Marlene
Published: November 2009

Com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de zinco (Zn) para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) e terminação (43 a 54 dias), dois experimentos foram conduzidos utilizando-se, respectivamente, 288 e 192 aves, metade machos e metade fêmeas. Elaboraram-se duas dietas basais atendendo às exigências nutricionais das aves nas fases estudadas, com exceção dos níveis de Zn, que foram mantidos com deficiência (13,00 e 12,00 ppm, respectivamente). Em ambos os experimentos, foram avaliados níveis de suplementação de Zn, provenientes do óxido de Zn comercial, resultando em um total de 13,0; 38,0; 63,0; 88,0; 113,0; e 138,0 ppm de Zn na dieta para fase de crescimento e 12,0; 37,0; 62,0; 87,0; 112,0; e 137,0 ppm de Zn para a fase de terminação. As variáveis avaliadas foram: ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e concentração de Zn no osso, no fígado e no soro. Não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de Zn sobre as características de desempenho. Os níveis desse mineral na dieta influenciaram a concentração de Zn no soro e no osso das aves na fase de crescimento. Observou-se também efeito de sexo e da interação sexo X níveis de Zn na dieta sobre a concentração de Zn no osso. Na fase de terminação, os níveis de Zn da dieta influenciaram as concentrações no fígado, que foram influenciadas pelo sexo, uma vez que os machos apresentaram maior deposição de Zn no osso e no fígado. A exigência de Zn para frangos de corte na fase de crescimento, considerando a concentração de Zn no osso, é de 82,20 ppm para machos e 85,70 ppm para fêmeas. Para a fase de terminação, os níveis de 25 a 30 ppm de Zn, normalmente presentes em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, são suficientes para o adequado desenvolvimento das aves.
Asymptomatic giant mediastinal mass: a rare case of thymolipoma
Authors: Mourad Omar Moté Abou , Andrade Filipe Moreira de , Abrahão Pedro , Monnerat Andréa , Judice Luiz Felippe
Published: November 2009

Thymolipoma is a very rare benign neoplasm of the thymus. We present the case of a 42-year-old male with a massive mediastinal tumor discovered on a chest X-ray after a motorcycle accident. The patient had no complaints, and his physical examination was unremarkable. Chest CT scans revealed a lipomatous mass containing areas of soft tissue density. The patient was submitted to median sternotomy expanded to left anterolateral thoracotomy, resulting in the complete excision of the tumor. The pathological diagnosis was thymolipoma. Thymolipoma usually attains enormous dimensions by the time of diagnosis, and the occasional symptoms are related to compression of adjacent structures. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and offers the only possibility of cure. The airway deserves special care during anesthesia induction.
Efficacy of Combined Regenerative Treatments in Human Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Santana Ronaldo B. , de Mattos Carolina Miller Leite , Van Dyke Thomas
Published: November 2009

Background: The treatment of molar furcation defects remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice. The degree of success in the management of furcation involvement is highly variable and inversely related to initial probing depth (PD) measurements in these lesions. The identification of clinical measurements influential to the treatment outcomes is critical to optimize the results of surgical periodontal therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of mandibular buccal Class II furcation lesions to a combined regenerative treatment modality.

Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two (n = 30) treatment groups. An experimental combined regenerative therapy (ET) was compared to open flap debridement (OFD). The ET was a combination of a composite graft consisting of bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and tetracycline (3:1), a guided tissue regeneration barrier, and a coronally advanced flap. The clinical variables evaluated were plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, PD, vertical attachment level (VAL), horizontal attachment level (HAL), furcation vertical height, furcation horizontal depth, and the amount of tissue under the barrier membrane at uncovering. Reevaluation was performed 12 months after the surgical procedure.

Results: Both treatments resulted in improvements in all clinical variables evaluated. Postoperative measurements revealed a reduction in PD of 3.65 ± 0.6 mm and 0.60 ± 1.0 mm; VAL gains of 3.05 ± 0.6 mm and 0.65 ± 0.6 mm and HAL gains of 3.45 ± 1.3 mm and 0.55 ± 0.7 mm in the ET and OFD groups, respectively. In the ET group, significant positive correlations were found between baseline PD and PD reduction at 12 months, and the initial VAL correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL gain. The horizontal furcation depth and amount of tissue formed under the membrane at uncovering correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL and VAL gains. For the OFD group, the initial PD correlated positively with PD reduction and VAL and HAL gains and correlated negatively with recession. Initial VAL correlated positively with PD reductions and VAL and HAL gains. The initial HAL correlated negatively with recession at 12 months.

Conclusions: ET exhibited significantly better clinical results, with more PD reduction, HAL and VAL gains, and a higher frequency of furcation closure compared to OFD and showed promise as a regenerative treatment technique. The ability to predict a response to treatment based upon pretreatment parameters was not consistent between groups; thus, prediction of treatment outcomes based on pretreatment measurements should be carefully evaluated for each treatment modality.
Inhibitory Signals Mediated by Programmed Death‐1 Are Involved With T‐Cell Function in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Figueira Eduardo Aleixo , de Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo , Torres Sergio Aparecido , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Lara Vanessa Soares , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Avila‐Campos Mario Julio , da Silva João Santana , Campanelli Ana Paula
Published: November 2009

Background: Inhibitory signals mediated via molecules such as programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) play a critical role in downmodulating immune responses and maintaining peripheral tolerance. We investigated the involvement of cytokines and PD‐1 engagement in mediating the T‐cell unresponsiveness to bacterial and ubiquitous antigens in periodontal diseases.

Methods: Gingival and peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis were collected and used for the subsequent assays. Leukocytes in the lesion site and blood were evaluated using flow cytometry. The production of interferon‐γ, interleukin‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β proteins was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of PD‐1+ cells in the inflamed gingiva was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for CD4 and PD‐1 colocalization.

Results: T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis proliferated poorly in response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) antigen. T‐cell unresponsiveness was not associated with imbalanced cytokine production. However, T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis expressed significantly higher levels of PD‐1 either upon isolation or after culture with antigens. Moreover, PD‐1 blocking did not result in significant T‐cell proliferation in cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin or bacterial antigens. The blockade of PD‐1 resulted in the increased production of IFN‐γ. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD‐1 accumulated in lesions with chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion: These data show that PD‐1 engagement could be involved in the modulation of IFN‐γ production by T cells in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Potential Damage to Bone–Implant Interface When Measuring Initial Implant Stability
Authors: Seong Wook‐Jin , Conrad Heather J. , Hinrichs James E.
Published: November 2009

Background: An electronically controlled mechanical tapping device (MTD) to measure implant stability has been studied extensively for its ability to measure initial stability at the time of surgical placement and predict an implant's survival prognosis, with few reported complications.

Methods: Initial stability data, measured repeatedly with a resonance frequency analysis device and the MTD, for seven of 28 implants placed in jawbones of four fresh human cadavers and the histologic images of bone–implant interfaces are presented as evidence for potential damage to the bone–implant interface using these techniques.

Results: A progressive increase in mobility from stable (−1) to less stable (4) and eventually to visibly mobile (999) was observed after three measurements with the MTD. Corresponding histologic images revealed that the buccal threads in the coronal half of the implants were displaced lingually and apically from the bony indentations that were created during insertion of the self‐threading implants, subsequent to repeated MTD measurements in the buccal and axial directions. The histologic images and changes in MTD values indicated that repeated MTD measurements at the time of implant placement surgery may damage the bone–implant interface, and a stable or borderline implant may become mobile after repeated MTD measurements.

Conclusions: Histologic images showed potential damage to the bone–implant interface during repeated initial implant‐stability measurements using the MTD. Initial implant‐stability measurements using the MTD should be performed with caution, and they may be contraindicated for implants placed in low‐quality bone.
Relationship Between Iron‐Deficiency Anemia and Periodontal Status in Female Patients
Authors: Enhos Sukru , Duran Ismet , Erdem Sami , Buyukbas Sadik
Published: November 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of patients with iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) and the correlation of changes in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) ferritin levels after periodontal therapy.

Methods: Nineteen female patients with anemic hematologic values were classified as group A, and 20 healthy females with normal hematologic values were classified as group B. After group A was recruited, group B was enrolled with patients who had similar gingival indices as group A. At baseline and the 3‐month follow‐up visit, clinical periodontal indices and hematologic parameters were recorded, and GCF samples were taken. All patients received an oral hygiene‐improvement session followed by scaling, and sites with >4‐mm probing depths received root planing. At the 3‐month follow‐up visit, all measurements and analyses were repeated.

Results: During the follow‐up period, all clinical indices decreased in both groups (P <0.05), but the gingival index in group A did not change. The GCF ferritin concentration showed statistically significant decreases (P <0.05), but total amounts of ferritin in GCF did not change. No significant correlation was found between serum and GCF ferritin levels.

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that changes in serum ferritin levels did not correlate with the GCF ferritin levels, and IDA was not a direct risk factor for periodontal diseases.
Three‐Dimensional Stress Distribution in the Human Periodontal Ligament in Masticatory, Parafunctional, and Trauma Loads: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Poiate Isis A. Venturini P. , de Vasconcellos Adalberto Bastos , de Santana Ronaldo Barcellos , Poiate Edgard
Published: November 2009

Background: The presence of the periodontal ligament (PDL) makes it possible to absorb and distribute loads produced during masticatory function and other tooth contacts into the alveolar process via the alveolar bone proper. However, several factors affect the integrity of periodontal structures causing the destruction of the connective matrix and cells, the loss of fibrous attachment, and the resorption of alveolar bone.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution by finite element analysis in a PDL in three‐dimensional models of the upper central incisor under three different load conditions: 100 N occlusal loading at 45° (model 1: masticatory load); 500 N at the incisal edge at 45° (model 2: parafunctional habit); and 800 N at the buccal surface at 90° (model 3: trauma case). The models were built from computed tomography scans.

Results: The stress distribution was quite different among the models. The most significant values (harmful) of tensile and compressive stresses were observed in models 2 and 3, with similarly distinct patterns of stress distributions along the PDL. Tensile stresses were observed along the internal and external aspects of the PDL, mostly at the cervical and middle thirds.

Conclusions: The stress generation in these models may affect the integrity of periodontal structures. A better understanding of the biomechanical behavior of the PDL under physiologic and traumatic loading conditions might enhance the understanding of the biologic reaction of the PDL in health and disease.
Serum Inflammatory Mediators in Pregnancy: Changes After Periodontal Treatment and Association With Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Michalowicz Bryan S. , Novak M. John , Hodges James S. , DiAngelis Anthony , Buchanan William , Papapanou Panos N. , Mitchell Dennis A. , Ferguson James E. , Lupo Virginia , Bofill James , Matseoane Stephen , Steffen Michelle , Ebersole Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2009

Background: The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) if periodontal treatment in pregnant women before 21 weeks of gestation alters levels of inflammatory mediators in serum; and 2) if changes in these mediators are associated with birth outcomes.

Methods: A total of 823 pregnant women with periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive scaling and root planing before 21 weeks of gestation or after delivery. Serum obtained between 13 and 16 weeks, 6 days (study baseline) and 29 to 32 weeks of gestation was analyzed for C‐reactive protein; prostaglandin E2; matrix metalloproteinase‐9; fibrinogen; endotoxin; interleukin (IL)‐1β, −6, and −8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Cox regression, multiple linear regression, and the t, χ2, and Fisher exact tests were used to examine associations among the biomarkers, periodontal treatment, and gestational age at delivery and birth weight.

Results: A total of 796 women had baseline serum data, and 620 women had baseline and follow‐up serum and birth data. Periodontal treatment did not significantly alter the level of any biomarker (P >0.05). Neither baseline levels nor the change from baseline in any biomarker were significantly associated with preterm birth or infant birth weight (P >0.05). In treatment subjects, the change in endotoxin was negatively associated with the change in probing depth (P <0.05).

Conclusions: Non‐surgical mechanical periodontal treatment in pregnant women, delivered before 21 weeks of gestation, did not reduce systemic (serum) markers of inflammation. In pregnant women with periodontitis, levels of these markers at 13 to 17 weeks and 29 to 32 weeks of gestation were not associated with infant birth weight or a risk for preterm birth.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Microvessel Density in Periodontitis Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Aspriello Simone Domenico , Zizzi Antonio , Lucarini Guendalina , Rubini Corrado , Faloia Emanuela , Boscaro Marco , Tirabassi Giacomo , Piemontese Matteo
Published: November 2009

Background: Periodontal disease is one of the major problems encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and vascular changes may contribute to periodontitis. Our aim was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in patients with periodontitis with and without DM.

Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of VEGF and MVD analysis, evaluated by CD34+ endothelial cell counts, were performed in 66 gingival samples from patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis who were divided into three groups: 22 participants without systemic diseases (controls), 22 participants with type 1 DM (T1DM), and 22 participants with type 2 DM (T2DM).

Results: In patients with T1DM or T2DM, positive VEGF cells were found to be significantly increased in the epithelium compared to controls. In patients with T1DM, endothelial VEGF expression and MVD were significantly greater than in patients with T2DM and controls.

Conclusions: In patients with diabetes, VEGF overexpression plays a primary role in promoting the extravasation of inflammatory cells, suggesting a useful antiangiogenic strategy for periodontitis treatment. The decreased endothelial VEGF expression and MVD found in patients with T2DM may be caused by insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which are often present in patients with T2DM.
Grape Seed Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Secretion by Macrophages and Inhibits Human MMP‐1 and −9 Activities
Authors: La Vu Dang , Bergeron Chantal , Gafner Stefan , Grenier Daniel
Published: November 2009

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in response to Gram‐negative periodontopathogens play a major role in the tissue destruction observed during periodontitis, a disease that affects tooth‐supporting structures. In this study, we investigated the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on MMP secretion by human monocyte‐derived macrophages stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and on the activity of human recombinant MMP‐1 and −9.

Methods: Macrophages were treated with various concentrations of GSE prior to being stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. The secretion of MMPs and activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of GSE on the catalytic activity of human recombinant MMP‐1 and −9 was tested using fluorogenic assays.

Results: GSE inhibited the secretion of MMP‐1, −3, −7, −8, −9, and −13 by LPS‐stimulated macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner. The suppression of MMP secretion was associated with inhibition of NF‐κB p65 and AP‐1 activation. Also, GSE dose‐dependently inhibited the activity of MMP‐1 and −9.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that GSE may be potentially used in the development of novel host‐modulating strategies for the treatment of MMP‐mediated disorders such as periodontitis.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Romanos George E.
Published: November 2009

Background: Implant treatment is an attractive substitute to traditional fixed/removable prosthetic appliances. In patients with diabetes, dental implant therapy has been considered a contraindication. Hyperglycemia augments the severity of periodontal disease, and glycemic control is an essential variable in determining the success of dental implants in subjects with diabetes. Subjects with well‐controlled diabetes may not be significantly compromised and can have high dental implant success rates compared to individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. The focused questions addressed in this systematic review were as follows: Can patients with diabetes be good candidates for dental implant therapy? And how does hyperglycemia and glycemic control influence osseointegration?

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed articles published from 1982 up to and including July 2009 was independently performed by two investigators. In addition, reference lists of original and review articles were searched. The search strategy was to use the following terms in different combinations: dental implants, immediate implants, osseointegration, periodontal disease, diabetes, hyperglycemia, metabolic control, and glycemic control. The search included studies on humans and diabetes‐induced animal models. The selection criteria included all levels of available evidence. Suitable variables included the implant survival rate among individuals with diabetes, effects of hyperglycemia and glycemic control on bone, and maintenance of dental implants in subjects with diabetes. Articles published only in the English language were considered, and unpublished data were not sought.

Results: We initially identified 33 studies. Fifteen studies, which did not fulfill the selection criteria, were excluded. The included studies reported that poorly controlled diabetes negatively affects implant osseointegration; however, under optimal serum glycemic control, osseointegration can successfully occur in patients with diabetes. Animal studies have confirmed that osseointegration can be successfully achieved in insulin‐controlled rats with diabetes, whereas in uncontrolled rats with diabetes, the bone‐to‐implant contact appears to decrease with time. The use of antiseptic mouthrinses and oral‐hygiene maintenance helps in achieving a successful dental implant osseointegration in subjects with diabetes.

Conclusion: A successful dental implant osseointegration can be accomplished in subjects with diabetes with good metabolic control (serum glycemic level and hemoglobin A1c in normal range) in a similar manner as in subjects without diabetes.
A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Wells Timothy S. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Fortuna Sarah O. , Smith Besa , Smith Tyler C. , Ryan Margaret A. K. , Boyko Edward J. , Blazer Dan ,   for the Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: November 2009

Objective. We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Methods. We included 40 219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline.

Results. Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.54; women: AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.83; women: AOR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.89).

Conclusions. Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat.
Application of a Reduced Method in Compositional Simulation
Authors: Okuno R.. , Johns R.T.. T. , Sepehrnoori K..
Published: November 2009

Simulating gas-injection processes requires a compositional model to predict the fluid properties resulting from mass transfer between reservoir fluid and injection gas. A drawback of compositional simulation is the efficiency and robustness of phase equilibrium calculations. Reduced methods for phase equilibrium calculations have been studied as a potential solution to improve the efficiency of compositional simulation. However, most of those studies have been performed only in standalone calculations, and the robustness and efficiency of a reduced method has not been confirmed in compositional simulation. In this research, we develop a robust and efficient algorithm for a reduced method and validate it in compositional simulation.

We examine the efficiency and convergence property of the conventional algorithm for a reduced method and solve several implementation problems in a compositional simulator. The reduced method is implemented in UTCOMP, a compositional implicit-pressure/explicit concentration (IMPEC) simulator, to demonstrate the performance for various numbers of components and degrees of miscibility. The results show that the reduced method enables significant savings in execution time of compositional simulation without loss of accuracy compared to standard methods. Also, we observe that the reduced method exhibits improved robustness, especially for miscible processes where composition paths go near critical regions.
Before Hospice: Florence Wald at the Yale School of Nursing
Authors: Diers Donna
Published: November 2009

Analysis of Florence Schorske's Wald's professional work at the Yale School of Nursing before she brought hospice to the United States shows the same value-based dedication to innovation that later characterized her work in death and dying.
Reflections on the Spirituality of Florence Wald
Authors: Bailey Sally S.
Published: November 2009

Gratitude is the first word that comes to my mind when I think of the life of Florence Wald and the privilege it was to have known Florence as cherished friend, colleague, and mentor who contributed to my life in many ways and inspired me in my vocation of integrating the arts in the spiritual care of persons living with life-threatening illnesses. I saw her as a vanguard woman of her time, leading the way and encouraging others of us to take the risks to go forth and make concrete the visions we had been given to address some of society's inequities and maladies, and to find ways to contribute to the beauty and quality of life as we sought to enable persons to find their spiritual roots and meaning in life—especially those who were coming to the time of dying.
Alchemy, Compassion, and the Healer's Art: A Tribute to the Life and Work of Florence Wald
Authors: Vachon Mary L. S.
Published: November 2009

Alchemy is a concept of the Middle Ages involving the transformation of base metals into gold. As well, it reflects spiritual transformation. More recently, the concept has been used to reflect the transformations which occur between care-giver and care-recipient in end-of-life care. This article uses the concept of alchemy as a way of meaning-making in reviewing the career of Florence Wald, showing how the transformations which occurred over the course of her professional life deepened her compassion and found their final expression in her work with persons dying in the prison system.
The Florence Schorske Wald Professor of Nursing Endowed Chair
Authors: McCorkle Ruth
Published: November 2009

Setting the purpose and honor of an endowed chair in context, this article explains the great privilege that encompasses the author's holding of the Florence Schorske Wald Endowed Chair in Nursing. Wald served as a professional inspiration through her foundational work in end-of-life care and hospice institutions, the fruits of which can be seen in Dr. McCorkle's own pursuit of more dignified institutional care for the dying. Throughout Dr. McCorkle's career she has consistently sought to dedicate herself to Wald's vision—a vision that countless other health care clinicians pursue and from which countless patients benefit. Wald's accomplishments make it clear that her giant imprint on the world of nursing will only continue for future caregivers and undoubtedly warrants the high honor of an endowed chair in her name.
Remembering Florence Schorske Wald, Friend and Mentor
Authors: Gilliss Catherine L.
Published: November 2009

The world knows Florence S. Wald as “the mother of the American hospice movement.” I knew her in her later life as a mentor and friend. This may not seem unusual, as Florence was a warm and generous human being who continued her professional involvements late into her life. In fact, the unusual aspect of our relationship resulted from two of Florence's many extraordinary qualities: 1) her willingness to share her own life experience in ways that informed others of life's possibilities; and 2) her insight that professionals continue to benefit from—actually need—mentorship throughout the life of their careers. She provided me with professional support at critical times and afforded me the privilege of witnessing life's closing chapters, a tutorial filled with wisdom and borne of uncommon generosity.
The Leadership of Florence Wald: Listening to the Voices of the Early Hospice Founders and Colleagues
Authors: Adams Cynthia C.
Published: November 2009

This qualitative study investigated the transformational leadership of Florence Wald who brought hospice care to the United States in the 1970s using the constructs of the transformational leadership model of Burns (1978). A single case study design was chosen to conduct an in-depth exploration of Florence Wald's transformational leadership and the perceptions of the group of founders organized to conceptualize, build, and open the first hospice in the United States. This research also examined documents from The Florence and Henry Wald Archives in the Yale University Library. The findings showed that Florence Wald based her leadership on strong values and a shared vision. To encourage a high level of participation, Wald demonstrated a caring component in her leadership and engaged in mentoring. A conclusion of this study is that Wald was successful in creating a culture of inquiry among the Founders which served to drive evidence-based decision making to improve the quality of palliative care in the United States.
Simulation of the Effectiveness Factor for a Tri-Lobular Catalyst on the Hydrodesulfurization of Diesel
Authors: Macías Hernández M. J. , Morales R. D. , Ramírez-Lopez A.
Published: November 2009

Typical models to estimate effectiveness factors include sphere, cylinder, slab and strong internal diffusion limitations models. However, a reliable model for complex-irregular catalyst shapes is still lacking. Therefore in this work a new approach is proposed which makes simultaneous use of the 1D and GC models to approximate a 3D problem in order to determine the effectiveness factor of a tri-lobular catalytic on a HDS reaction involving diesel. The restrictive internal diffusion phenomena were examined at the cross-section of the catalyst including the effects of its shape. Simulation for the HDS reaction involved the consideration of a small scale reactor using industrial operating conditions. Effects of the intrinsic kinetic, considering strong internal diffusion effects, were calculated through well established computational algorithms. Mathematical simulations of the reaction effectiveness using a given feed-stock of diesel are described completely for a tri-lobular particle considering organic sulfur compound for molecular diffusion, pore size, shape and radial transport across the section of the catalyst and results were validated with models and data published in the literature of typical analysis.
Ethanol Production from Different Substrates by a Flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain
Authors: Duarte José , Lourenço Vera , Ribeiro Belina , Saagua Maria Céu , Pereira Joana , Baeta-Hall Lina
Published: November 2009

During the last years there has been an increasing interest in using ethanol as a substitute for fossil fuels. The bioethanol used today is mainly produced from sugar cane and cereals, but reducing the production costs of ethanol is still crucial for a viable economic process. Cellulose from vegetable biomass will be the next cheap raw material for second generation fuel ethanol production and agricultural by-products with a low commercial value, as corn stover, corn fiber and cane bagasses would become an attractive feedstock for bioethanol production.In this study, different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been screened for the ability of bioethanol production. Yeasts were grown in a synthetic liquid medium containing sucrose in batch regime and the growth rates, ethanol and biomass productions were determined as well as their growth ability in cane molasses.The results indicate that a flocculent yeast, isolated in our lab and designated by strain F, was the most promising yeast strain among those tested for continuous ethanol production. This strain was isolated from corn hydrolysates, obtained from a Portuguese distillery facility (DVT, Torres Novas, Portugal) showing highest growth rate (0.49h-1), highest ethanol yield (0.35g/g) and high flocculation capacity.The study on ethanol production in continuous reactor process with the selected yeast strain (strain F) was made on sucrose and cane molasses at different dilution rates (0.05-0.42 h-1). A steady flocculating yeast fluidized bed reactor system was established allowing the functioning of the reactor for 1000 h. Data shows that when the dilution rate rose to 0.42h-1, the highest productivity (20g/Lh) was obtained attaining an ethanol concentration in the reactor of 47g/L for sucrose and molasses media.
Violacein-Producing Collimonas sp. from the Sea Surface Microlayer of Costal Waters in Trøndelag, Norway
Authors: Hakvåg Sigrid , Fjærvik Espen , Klinkenberg Geir , Borgos Sven Even F. , Josefsen Kjell D. , Ellingsen Trond E. , Zotchev Sergey B.
Published: November 2009

A new strain belonging to the genus Collimonas was isolated from the sea surface microlayer off the coast of Trøndelag, Norway. The bacterium, designated Collimonas CT, produced an antibacterial compound active against Micrococcus luteus. Subsequent studies using LC-MS identified this antibacterial compound as violacein, known to be produced by several marine-derived bacteria. Fragments of the violacein biosynthesis genes vioA and vioB were amplified by PCR from the Collimonas CT genome and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences demonstrated close relatedness of the Collimonas CT violacein biosynthetic gene cluster to those in Janthinobacterium lividum and Duganella sp., suggesting relatively recent horizontal gene transfer. Considering diverse biological activities of violacein, Collimonas CT shall be further studied as a potential producer of this compound.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Two Species of Thymus Growing Wild in Southern Italy
Authors: De Martino Laura , Bruno Maurizio , Formisano Carmen , De Feo Vincenzo , Napolitano Francesco , Rosselli Sergio , Senatore Felice
Published: November 2009

The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of two samples of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl, collected in Campania and in Sicily, and two samples of Thymus pulegioides L. from the same regions, were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed. Considering the four oils together, seventy-eight different compounds were identified: 57 for Thymus longicaulis from Sicily (91.1% of the total oil), 40 for Thymus longicaulis from Campania (91.5% of the oil), 39 for Thymus pulegioides from Sicily (92.5% of the oil) and 29 for Thymus pulegioides from Campania (90.1% of the oil). The composition of the oils is different, although the most abundant components are identical in T. pulegioides. The essential oils showed antibacterial activity against eight selected microorganisms.
Study of the Chemical Composition of the Resinous Exudate Isolated from Heliotropium Sclerocarpum and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of the Phenolic Compounds and the Resin
Authors: Modak Brenda , Salina Melissa , Rodilla Jesús , Torres René
Published: November 2009

Heliotropium sclerocarpum Phil. (Heliotropiaceae) is a resinous bush that grows in the Atacama of northern Chile. The chemical composition of its resinous exudate was analyzed for the first time. One aromatic geranyl derivative: filifolinol (1), one flavanone: naringenin (2) and a new type of 3-oxo-2-arylbenzofuran derivative 3 were isolated and their structures were determined. The antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds and resin was evaluated using the bleaching of DPPH radical method and expressed as fast reacting equivalents (FRE) and total reacting equivalents (TRE).
3-(2-Aminophenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-2(3H)-thione as an Ecofriendly Sulphur Transfer Agent to Prepare Alkanethiols in High Yield and High Purity
Authors: Mehdid Mohammed Amine , Djafri Ayada , Roussel Christian , Andreoli Federico
Published: November 2009

A new process is described for preparing very pure linear alkanethiols and linear α,ω-alkanedithiols using a sequential alkylation of the title compound, followed by a ring closure to quantitatively give the corresponding 3-methyl[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]-[3,1]benzimidazol-9-ium salt and the alkanethiol derivative under mild conditions. The alkanethiol and the heteroaromatic salt are easily separated by a simple extraction process. The intermediate thiazolium quaternary salts resulting from the first reaction step can be isolated in quantitative yields, affording an odourless protected form of the thiols.
Sorting through the Flu Confusion: An Interview with Dr. Donald Low
Authors: Lynas Kathie
Published: November 2009

Canadians have been flooded with information about H1N1 influenza, much of it seemingly inconsistent and conflicting. There are signs that the public is responding to all the news about the risks and the remedies with a degree of apathy—with polls showing only 1 in 3 planning to get the H1N1 vaccine. CPJ spoke to Dr. Donald Low, Chief of Microbiology at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, about the causes and the impact of the often confusing barrage of flu information.
Do Postprandial Glucose Levels add Important Clinical Information When Fasting Glucose Levels are Near Normal in Non-Insulin-Dependent Patients with Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Mansell Kerry D. , Blackburn David F. , Eurich Dean T.
Published: November 2009

Background:

Practice guidelines recommend that both fasting and postprandial blood glucose measurements be performed to achieve glycemic targets, yet few type 2 diabetes patients engage in postprandial glucose (PPG) testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if PPG testing provides important additional clinical information beyond fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests in well-controlled, non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods:

Subjects were recruited from 8 pharmacies and instructed to perform daily FPG tests during days 1 to 7 (run-in phase) and daily FPG and PPG tests during days 8 to 21 (test phase).

Results:

The mean FPG from 362 tests ( n = 52 subjects) in the run-in phase was 7 mmol/L (SD 1.4). In the test phase, the mean FPG was 7 mmol/L (SD 1.6) and the mean PPG was 8.4 mmol/L (SD 2.2) from 700 tests. For FPG tests in the recommended target range of 4 to 7 mmol/L, 87% (322/370) of corresponding (same-day) PPG tests were within the target range of 5 to 10 mmol/L. In subjects whose mean FPG was 4 to 7 mmol/L, 87% of PPG tests were also within target limits.

Conclusion:

Community pharmacists are often asked by patients how frequently they should be monitoring their blood glucose, but the evidence supporting self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes patients is conflicting and unclear. Given the results from this small study, testing PPG may be unnecessary for non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes patients achieving FPG targets, but further study is required.
La gestión de la información en las empresas de Extremadura
Authors: Muñoz-Cañavate Antonio , Pulgarín-Guerrero Antonio
Published: November 2009

Este trabajo presenta los resultados más relevantes de una encuesta realizada a las empresas con sede social en Extremadura y con mayor número de empleados y facturación. El objetivo principal ha sido conocer el comportamiento empresarial en la gestión de información, los usos y necesidades informativas de las empresas extremeñas, y especialmente la información que se encuentra en el entorno. La metodología ha consistido en el envío y posterior recogida de un cuestionario a 144 empresas seleccionadas, de las cuales respondieron 73. Sólo cinco de las empresas que respondieron tenían más de 250 empleados, sin embargo 23 de esas empresas tenían una facturación superior a los 10.000.000 de euros. La encuesta final es el resultado de un cuestionario piloto que se envió a varias a empresas y de las sugerencias aportadas por distintos expertos españoles antes de su envío definitivo. Un 69,86 % no disponía de ningún tipo de unidad de información y/o documentación, pero un 46,58 % sí disponía de algún mecanismo estructurado encargado de capturar el conocimiento del entorno para la toma de decisiones. Destaca la mayor importancia como canal de captura de información que se da a la información procedente del denominado medio ambiente externo inmediato, como la información que llega de distribuidores, proveedores y clientes. Y en cuanto al tipo de institución de la que más información recibe la empresa para tomar decisiones, sin duda las asociaciones de empresarios son las que mayor porcentaje alcanzan (más del 60 %), seguido de las entidades financieras y de la administración regional.
La ley de propiedad intelectual y su repercusión en la actividad de las bibliotecas
Authors: Lorenzo-Escolar Nieves
Published: November 2009

Se analizan las repercusiones que la legislación y las nuevas tecnologías tienen en las bibliotecas en relación a la propiedad intelectual. También se examina el papel que han de tener las bibliotecas en la gestión de aspectos de la propiedad intelectual y las opciones alternativas de publicación en el ámbito académico (Open Access, repositorios)