bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent Opinions and Attitudes on Toys for Children with or Without Developmental Disabilities
Authors: S. Venkatesan  , G.Y. Yashodharakumar
Published: December 2021

Toys are needed paraphernalia for all children. This study employs a cross sectional purposive sample survey to target parents of 267 children (Mean Age: 3.99; SD: 1.39) below six years including 158 boys (Mean Age: 3.89; SD: 1.32) and 109 girls (Mean Age: 4.13; SD: 1.48) with and without developmental disabilities to elicit their opinions and attitudes on toys. A 25-item open ended ‘Opinion Elicitation Probe on Toys’ and another 20-item Likert type ‘Toy Attitude Scale’ was exclusively developed for use in this study. Results show that parents view their children as unable to make choices on procurement of toys and requiring guidance in their routine use. There have apprehension if toys, which involve money, would benefit their children. Parent attitudes reflect that toys are unaffordable or dispensable luxuries. They are aware that children love toys and that are different toys for various age groups. Dispensing toys to children with special needs is deemed risky or unsafe. They are undecided whether boys and girls require the same or different toys. It is felt that teaching children to read and write is better option than waste time on engagement with toys. Many parents are against technology driven digital toys. It is concluded that there is need for prescriptions on just how many minimum number or variety of toys each child must be necessarily given or made available without amounting to infringement upon their basic rights to own toys.
The Use of Force by Policemen: Causes and Reasons
Authors: Vaishnavi. R. Kanzal
Published: December 2021

Policemen, in recent times, are being victimized by public as indulging in improper use of force on suspects and public as well. This study aimed to explore the causes and reasons for the use of force by policemen. The research method was qualitative and the participants were five policemen, each representing different hierarchy in the police department. The data was collected by interview method. Phenomenology was the paradigm and the analysis was thematic. Triangulation was employed to identify the common themes. The study highlights three themes. The first theme represented high stress levels where long working hours, no weekly off and holidays, difficulty in fulfilling basic needs and pressure from higher authorities made the police vulnerable to use force. The second theme identifies maintaining law and order as the reason for the use of force. This theme also describes specific situations in which the use of force would be considered appropriate and legal. The third theme identifies self defence as one of the causes for the use of force by policemen.
Factor Structure of the Persian Version of the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS)
Authors: Fatemeh Pondeh Nezhadan  , Arash Jelodari  , Ali Pondeh Nezhadan
Published: December 2021

Background: Problematic use of internet is a health concern growing fast among adolescents and young adults across the world. Therefore, the current research aimed to validate the factor structure of the Persian Version of the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale. Method: A convenient and available sample of 240 college students were recruited and filled out the PRIUSS and Young Internet Addiction Test. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 3-factor model of the scale. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the entire scale and the 3 factors ranged from .83 to .92. The convergent validity of the scale with IAT showed positive and significant relationships. Discussion: According to the results, the PRIUSS may be a valuable tool for screening and prevention efforts in regard to problematic use of internet among adolescents and adults.
Impact of Mother, Father and Peer Attachment on Coping of Young Adolescents
Authors: Arpita Chakroborty  , Dr. Mallika Banerjee
Published: December 2021

In the study of Life span approach the concept of Parental and Peer Attachment has time and again been found as significant and relevant to be discussed in case of adolescents. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the impact of Maternal, Paternal & Peer Attachment separately on different domains of coping of young adolescents. The sample of the study consisted of 100 young adolescent volunteers (i.e.50 boys and 50 girls) with age ranging from 13-14 years. To carry out the study the adolescents completed Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Coping Checklist. Results indicated that adolescents who showed high maternal and paternal and peer attachment used more problem- focused coping and social- support coping and less emotion- focused coping than their low attachment counterparts.
Predicting Life Satisfaction: The Roles of Emotional Intelligence, Self-Esteem, and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Firouzeh Faraji  , Amin Koraei  , Arash Jelodari  , Laleh Dahar
Published: December 2021

A main goal of psychology is to improve the quality of human life by studying processes and mechanisms underlying human mind and behavior. Thus, the current research aimed to predict life satisfaction in terms of emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and perceived social support. The participants completed Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Life Satisfaction, Rosenberg Self-esteem, and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support scales. The results of correlation coefficient indicated that all of the studied variables were positively significantly correlated with life satisfaction. Also, the regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence and perceived social support could predict life satisfaction significantly. The implications and limitations of the research are discussed.
Assessment of Anxiety Levels In Male and Female Adolescents
Authors: Vandana Patel  , Anil Jain
Published: December 2021

Background: Adolescence is a period of fast change incorporating physical, mental, social and passionate domain. Mainstream share of teenagers encounter dissatisfaction and perplexity in taking choice while going through youth to adulthood. The present study was planned to assess the level of Anxiety among Male and Female Adolescents. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 adolescents. The number of male and female subjects was 15 each. The age of subjects ranged from 12-18 years. For the measurement of anxiety levels of the adolescents, Teat anxiety scale given by Dr. VP Sharma in 1971 was employed. Results: Mean anxiety scores of males were higher as compared to females. The level of anxiety in male adolescent subjects was observed to be higher than female subjects due to over monitored life, accommodation because of socialization design, mildness, and sentiment rivalry in each work and Confusion in taking choices. Conclusion: We conclude that the level of anxiety in male adolescent subjects is higher than female subjects.
Teacher Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers in Relation to Their Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Ranju Bala
Published: December 2021

This study is aimed at (i) studying teacher effectiveness in relation to emotional intelligence and (ii) studying the correlation of teacher effectiveness and emotional intelligence. To achieve the purpose, Teacher Effectiveness Scale by Kulsum (2000) and Emotional Intelligence Scale by Hyde, Pethe and Dhar (2001) were employed. A sample of 200 secondary school teachers was selected on the basis of random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The t-value was applied. Results indicate a significant difference between teacher effectiveness among male and female & Govt. and Private secondary school teachers. Findings on the basis of one way analysis of variance reveal that the group of secondary school teachers with high emotional intelligence is more effective than the group of teachers with average or low emotional intelligence. There exists positive and significant relationship between teacher effectiveness and emotional intelligence among secondary school teachers.
A Study of Scientific Aptitude of Women Teachers in Relation to Social Class and Marital Status
Authors: Ram Naresh  , Dr. Himani Upadhyaya
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of Social Class and Marital Status on Scientific Aptitude of Women Teachers. 640 Women teachers were selected randomly from the schools out of 640, 160 were for each Social Class (General, OBC, SC and ST) out of each 160 group, 80 were married and 80 were Unmarried. For measurement of the Scientific Aptitude standardized ‘Science Aptitude Test’ developed by A.K.P. Sinha and L.N.K. Sinha, was used. Data were analyzed with help of 4×2 Factorial design of ANOVA. The result revealed that, significant individual effect for social class at the 0.01 level of significance, and interactional effect for social class and marital status at the 0.05 level of significance were found on Scientific Aptitude of Women teachers.
A Study on Relationship between Self Efficacy and Flow at Work among Young Adults
Authors: Tanya Tandon
Published: December 2021

The current investigation studies the relationship between Self Efficacy and Flow among Young Adults. Only Csíkszentmihályi seems to have published suggestions for extrinsic applications of the flow concept, such as design methods for playgrounds to elicit the flow experience. Other practitioners of Csíkszentmihályi’s flow concept focus on intrinsic applications, such as spirituality, performance improvement, or self-help. His work has also informed the measurement of donor momentum by The New Science of Philanthropy. Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as one’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. One’s sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges. The theory of self-efficacy lies at the center of Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and social experience in the development of personality. Based on the review of literature, It is expected that there is a relationship between self efficacy and flow among young adults and it is expected that there self efficacy and flow is different in males and females. The sample comprised of 40 college students randomly selected from Panjab University, Chandigarh belonging to Statistics Departments. They were of 18-21 years of age. Purposive Random sampling method was used for selection of the sample. Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) by Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M.(1995) and Flow Short Scale by Rheinberg, Vollmeyer, and Engeser (2003; cf. Engeser & Rheinberg, 2008) were used to carry out the investigation. Mean and Standard Deviation(SD) was calculated in addition to correlation and t ratio.
Association between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Family Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Dr. M. Senthil
Published: December 2021

The present study was an attempt to assess the relationship between Socio-demographic characteristics and family burden of the caregivers of patients with epilepsy. This study was conducted at the Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi. It was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling was used. The present study was conducted among 60 caregivers of patients with epilepsy, those who were willing to participate and those who have satisfied with inclusion and exclusion criteria have been included in the study. The socio demographic data sheet had been used for collecting socio demographic details and family burden interview schedule were applied on the caregivers of patients with epilepsy. The data obtained was analyzed statistically. The current study result found that patient education significantly negatively correlated with financial burden. And patient occupation negatively correlated with disruption of family interaction. Regarding the correlation of caregivers of patient with epilepsy the study shows that education of caregivers of patient with epilepsy negatively correlated with disruption of routine family activities and disruption of family leisure. And also occupation of caregivers of patient with epilepsy negatively correlated with disruption of family leisure and effect on physical health of others. The study highlights the need for family interventional programs to address the specific issues related to family burden of caregivers of patients with epilepsy.
Conflict Management Styles among Hospital Nurses In Relation To Their Burnout and Emotion Intelligence
Authors: Manikandan  , Sajeeth Kumar Gopalakrishnan
Published: December 2021

This study examined the association of conflict management styles among hospital nurses in relation to their burnout and emotion intelligence. The sample was 136 nurses of government and private hospital at Puducherry. Convenience sampling method was adapted to select the sample for the present study. Measure of Thomas Kilman conflict mode instrument by Kenneth L. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilman, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Emotional Intelligence Scale by Wong & Law to respondent. Data collected were analyzed using f-test and correlation. The results indicate that significant correlations exist between conflict management styles and burn out, and no correlation exist between EI and burnout, emotional intelligence and conflict management styles.
Coping Skills and Self-Esteem among School-going Adolescents in Assam
Authors: Reena. K. Joseph  , Dr. M. C.  Abraham
Published: December 2021

The present study was undertaken to investigate the self-esteem and coping styles among school-going adolescents in the city of Tezpur of the state of Assam. A random selection of 120 students from a school was chosen for the study. Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to measure the self-esteem and coping styles were measured by Brief Cope and results were statistically analyzed. The self-esteem scores of nearly the entire population of respondents (99.2%) fell within average range. The mean scores on Brief Cope subscales of Planning and Instrumental Support fell in the high range while those on Active Coping, Acceptance, Self-distraction and Use of Emotional Support fell within the medium range. Mean scores on subscales of Venting, Self-blame, Denial, Behavioral Disengagement, Humour and Substance Abuse fell within low range. Coping strategies of Self-distraction and Religion showed significant positive correlations with Self-esteem while those of Denial, Substance-use and Self-blame showed negative correlation with Self-esteem.
Life Satisfaction and Mental Status of Research Scholars in Research Institute: A Comparative Study of TISS and IIPS
Authors: Dharma Raj  , Dr. Nitin Kumar Verma
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the nature of the relationship between life satisfaction and mental health of research scholar in research institutes. The population for our study was institute research scholar, from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) & International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS). Out of total 144 participants, 94 respondents were taken from IIPS and 50 respondents from TISS. The scale for measuring Multidimensional Students’ life satisfaction, developed by Huebner (2001) was used. Among the demographic variables, there were significant difference between the IIPS & TISS research scholar with regard to income and satisfaction with family. Psychological wellbeing of IIPS research scholar was significantly, positively correlated with age, research experience, family, friends, institute, living environment, self and psychological distress of TISS research scholar was significantly, positively correlated with income, friends, institute, and self. On the other hand psychological distress of IIPS research scholar was significantly, negatively correlated with family, friends, living environment, self, psychological wellbeing and psychological distress of TISS research scholar was significantly, negatively correlated with psychological wellbeing.
Critical Appraisal on Self Concept in Conversion Disorders
Authors: Kunzes
Published: December 2021

Conversion Disorder is characterized as symptoms mimicking neurological disorder with no underlying physical or medical problem, psychogenic in nature and the onset of symptoms must be recognized or related to psychological stress. The self concept in conversion disorder seems to be distorted and limited. The aim of the study is critical appraisal on self concept in Conversion Disorder and the objectives are to review the studies on self concept in Conversion Disorder. Pubmed, Jastor, Elsevier and Indian Journal of Psychiatry were searched using the word hysteria or conversion disorders, self image, self efficacy, self regulation, ideal self, self esteem and self concept. It was found that patient with Conversion Disorder has a sense of self of a small, fearful and defective child coping in a world dominated by powerful others, they have frustrated needs and accompanied by frustration in the need for ‘self-esteem and self-actualization, Lack awareness of their self efficacy, heightened self-monitoring and construct myths of self which testify to the sincerity and significance of their conversion experiences, may involve a form of deception. It was also found that Repression replaces the unconscious with self deception, they have low self esteem and significantly increased activation in areas involved in the ‘freeze response’ to fear (periaqueductal grey matter), and areas involved in self-awareness and motor control (cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor area).
Emotional Maturity, Self Confidence and Academic Achievement of Adolescents In Relation To Their Gender and Urban-Rural Background
Authors: Tripti Vyas  , Prof. Ravi Gunthey
Published: December 2021

The present study evaluates the emotional maturity, self-confidence and academic achievement of adolescents in relation to their gender and urban-rural background. The sample consisted of 200 students (100 male and 100 female) from Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. Self-confidence inventory (ASCI) developed by Dr. Rekha Gupta, Emotional Maturity Scale developed by Dr Yashvir Singh and Dr Mahesh Bharagava and achievement scores of the students taken from their Xth class annual results were used in the study. The data was analysed using “t” test. The results discovered that there is significant difference between male and female adolescents on emotional maturity; no significant difference between urban and rural adolescents on level of emotional maturity ; and there is no significant difference between male and female adolescents on self confidence but there is significant difference between urban and rural adolescents on level of self confidence. It was also noticed that male and female adolescents and urban and rural adolescents both have significant difference in academic achievement.
Shyness and Loneliness among students of Ranchi City
Authors: Nitu
Published: December 2021

Shyness and loneliness both are very common in human being. Loneliness is often associated with a variety of personality characteristics which interfere with the formation of interpersonal relationship. In many studies it is found that shyness and loneliness are interrelated with each other. The present study was conducted on college students. The sample size consists of 60 college students (30 boys and 30 girls) of Ranchi city. The sample was selected by stratified random sampling. Objectives: To know the prevalence of shyness among the sample groups; to know the prevalence of loneliness among sample groups; to find the interrelationship between shyness and loneliness. Hypothesis: The prevalence of shyness will be vary among sample groups; the prevalence of loneliness will be vary among sample groups; There will be positive interrelationship between shyness and loneliness. Methodology: The sample was selected by stratified random sampling. Cheek and Buss (1981) Shyness scale and David Resell’s (1996) loneliness scale were used for data collection. The data were statistically analyzed using percentage analyses, Means, SD, t-test and Pearson ‘r’. Conclusion: According to research finding prevalence of shyness is high among students as compare to loneliness. Prevalence of shyness is same among boys and girls, but loneliness is slightly high among girls as compare to boys. It is found by the present study that there is no relationship between shyness and loneliness among college students of Ranchi city.
The Effect of Busyness on Productivity of an Individual
Authors: Vijay Bharath. V  , Capt(Ex) Deepika Chamoli  , Dr R. Kumar  , Dr R. Shankar
Published: December 2021

Present research aims to study the effect of busyness and multitasking over productivity. The purpose of this research is to clarify the fact that busyness is always unproductive. Since, a person is busy when he is involved in many jobs without the desired output. In the present research we have interviewed 25 subjects from different fields, taking into account, the various components of busyness and productivity. Content analysis has been carried out on the recorded data, on the basis of five components of busyness and five components of productivity. Hence our qualitative research establishes that busyness doesn’t leads to productivity.
The Impact of Secure Attachment on Interpersonal Relationship: A Review
Authors: Oladiti Olawale
Published: December 2021

Attachment has been defined as the psychological bond between a growing child and a caregiver. It is a relationship that develops over a period of time between a child and the caregiver, or any other significant person in the life of a child. It is characterized by intimacy, warmth, and continuity thus eventually becoming the hallmark of all other relationships in the life of a human being. Research has shown that when children experienced secure attachment during their early stages of development in life, they are likely to develop capabilities in exploring the world of interpersonal relationships. Some of the factors that contribute to the diminishing of attachment between children and their caregivers include modernism and post-modernism, family crisis, disability in the life of the mother, death of the caregiver and the scourge of debilitating sicknesses and diseases which incapacitate caregivers. And so it is not uncommon to find individuals who experienced insecure attachment in their childhood having difficulties in their interpersonal relationship as adults. Some of the manifestations of interpersonal relationship difficulty and insecure attachment include low self-esteem, anxiety, inability to trust others, unwillingness to receive help from others, dependence syndrome, aggression, and feeling unloved, among others. However, with timely and appropriate psychological interventions, some of these challenges can be overcome although more research is encouraged in the area of attachment especially in Asia and Africa.
Understanding Therapeutic Considerations While Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study
Authors: Divya Baveja  , Nikhil Goel
Published: December 2021

Obsessive thoughts and compulsive urges are part of the normal feedback and control loop between our thoughts and our actions. It is only when these obsessive thoughts become so intense and frequent and these compulsive rituals become so extensive that they interfere with an individual’s functioning that the diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is made. The mainstays of treatment of OCD includes Serotoninergic antidepressant medications, particular forms of Behavior Therapy (Exposure and Response Prevention and some forms of CBT), education and family interventions. Because they are aware of how irrational their behavior is, many sufferers are ashamed of their actions and go to great lengths to hide their symptoms. It is extremely important that as a therapist, one is able to build a safe and accepting therapeutic environment and also structures therapy based on the unique presentation of illness where sometimes symptoms themselves may cause non compliance to therapy process. The author presents and discusses a case where Cognitive Behavior Therapy was used.
A Study of Organizational Commitment among Secondary School Teachers of District Srinagar
Authors: Barkat Hussain Para
Published: December 2021

Organizational commitment is most often defined as a strong desire to remain a member of a particular organization; a willingness to exert high levels of effort on behalf of the organization; and a definite belief in, and acceptance of the values and goals of the organization. Previous studies have revealed that decision making power, job satisfaction, and opportunities of promotions etc. shows better commitment to the institution/organization. When teachers are highly committed, they show a better level of self-confidence and are able to influence work environment in a positive manner. Therefore, this study intends to explore the influence of teacher’s commitment on their organization. A sample of 100 daily Secondary school teachers of district Srinagar has been selected for this study. Simple Stratified random sampling technique was used for this research. As a research tool Teacher’s Organizational Commitment Scale Constructed and Standardized by Jamal and Raheem (2013) was incorporated. Simple Mean, Percentage and S.D techniques were used for statistical analysis and interpretation. The findings have revealed the OC among secondary schools Teachers was found average and on the basis of gender, Marital Status and Type of School, there was no significant difference found on OC among secondary school teachers Based on these findings, this study provide recommendations for enhancing teachers commitment towards their institution for the better and fruitful results.
Construction and Standardization of Teacher Stress Scale
Authors: Sheeraz Ayoub Kuchy  , Dr. T. Thilagavathy
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made to construct and standardize the teacher stress scale for the high school teachers. A well structured scale was administered among them. The sample consists of 100 high school teachers randomly selected from the high schools situated in Kulgam District; J&K. Initially it was constructed with 50 statements covering six areas related to teacher stress of high school teachers. The scale was standardized using‘t’ test and finally 39 statements were retained for the final study. The present research discusses about the development of the scale to measure the level teacher stress among the higher secondary teachers.
Locus of Control and Emotional Intelligence among High and Low Self-Efficacious School Students
Authors: Prof. Bharati Roy  , Dr. Anita Arora
Published: December 2021

The present study examined the role of self- efficacy on the locus of control and emotional intelligence among the students studying in various secondary schools of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. The study was conducted on a sample of (boy and girl) high and low self- efficacious students by following the criterion of selection M+- 1 SD. Hindi version of General Self- Efficacy Scale by Sood ( 1998) was used to classify subjects in high and low. Locus of control Scale by Menon and Verma (1908) and Emotional Intelligence Scale by Mangal and Mangal were administered to assess locus of control and emotional intelligence. Result shows that there is a variation in the level of locus of control and emotional intelligence between high and low self-efficacious students. It is also found that there is a statistically significant gender difference in locus of control and emotional intelligence between high and low self – efficacious students. It means that boy and girl school students were significantly differ in their locus of control and emotional intelligence.
Perception about Parents and Self-Presentation as Predictors of Internet Addiction
Authors: Anyesha Mishra
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the present study was to see whether perception of parents and self-presentation can predict Internet Addiction. This study examined the perception of parents by an individual in the dimensions of warmth, involvement and autonomy support for father and mother and self-presentation in the dimensions of ability- and attempt-to-act among a sample of 142 participants (male (68) and female (74)), age ranging from 18 to 32 years. Results indicated that overall, warmth, involvement and autonomy support of both father and mother, respectively and ability- and attempt-to-act do contribute significantly for predicting Internet Addiction. However, specifically involvement of father correlates negatively to Internet addiction and warmth of father and attempt-to-act in self-presentation correlates positively to Internet Addiction.
Academic Achievement In Relation To Study Habits, Mental Health and Intelligence among High School Students
Authors: Dr. A. Nagaraja
Published: December 2021

An attempt was made to find out the effect of study habits, mental health and intelligence on their academic achievement of 400 high school students. The data collected by Academic Achievement (marks obtained by the students in their previous academic year annual examinations) was used to assess the study habits, mental health and intelligence and academic achievement of the subjects. The data collected were analysis by using statistical techniques such as Mean, SD and ANOVA. Results revealed that there are significant differences between study habits, mental health and intelligence on academic achievement of subjects.
Stress and Cognitive Functions of Working Women in India
Authors: Dr. Yogita Sharma  , Dr. Baldev Singh Sandhu
Published: December 2021

This study assessed the effects of life stress on cognitive functions in working women. In the present scenario role segregated and segmental identity of women has put them in a situation where females have to perform multiple and adapt to diverse kind of psychological environments. They are always under pressure to rearrange their traditional roles of wife, mother and home maker in order to accommodate their non traditional roles as earner. These pressures tend to predispose them to life stresses, sometimes leading to reduced psychological well being. High stress leads to cognitive dysfunctions as more attention is paid to negative aspects of life. Scores of cognitive functions viz. problem solving, focused attention, concentration & recall in low stressed women were significantly higher than these scores in high stress women. Conclusion: Cognitive functions were disrupted in case of high stress women and sharp in case of low stress women
Study of Consumer Awareness on Food Labelling and Use of Pack Information for Purchase of Pre-Packaged Food Products
Authors: Samit Dutta  , Deval Patel
Published: December 2021

Purpose – Liberalization of trade, globalization and development in food science and technology has resulted in an increase in trade and consumption of pre-packaged foods. Reading food labelling information is important to assist in making informed choices of food. This study determined level of awareness on pre-packaged food labelling information among consumers in Anand city of Gujarat, India, their perception on the importance of such information and various factors influencing in reading and using food labels. Design/methodology/approach – A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information from consumers who were found purchasing prepackaged foods in selected modern format retail stores. The obtained data were computed to determine relationships and associations between various factors and the use of food labelling information among consumers in the area of study. Findings – Study revealed that 86.7 per cent of the study participants reported to read labeling information prior purchase of pre-packaged foods. However, only a third of respondents were very much informed about food labelling and computed awareness scores. It was observed that level of education and gender difference had statistically significant association with awareness scores and perception of importance of food labelling. 83.3 per cent of respondents mentioned price of food as the factor for motivating them to read food label before purchase of the food item. Practical implications – Deliberate efforts may be needed to improve food labelling, provide education to consumers to raise their awareness on importance of reading and use of food labelling information to make an informed choice of the food. Originality/value – Determines level of awareness about labelling information among consumers of pre-packaged food products.
Impact of Social Factor on Drug Abuser & Non Abuser among Youth
Authors: Namita Sinha
Published: December 2021

There is a marked affect of surrounding social environment on the behaviour of a human being. The kind of environment reflects in the nature of the behaviour of a human being. The objective of our research is to see the affect of some social factor on drug abuser and non abuser viz inhabitation, father’s education, father’s occupation, father’s Income etc. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among student (20-25year) studying in P.G. in Magadh University using the Drug Abuse Schedule and Personal and Family Data Sheet. A total of 300 students studying in various department of were taken for study purpose. A significant association existed between social factor and Drug abuse behaviour in youth. The present study has both theoretical and practical application. Keeping this in view the present work was undertaken.
Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy in the Cases with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Dharmendra Rajak  , Dr. Jai Prakash
Published: December 2021

Background: Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) is a cognitive treatment package which focuses on providing corrective information to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder. DIRT is solely directed at decreasing the threat expectancies and does not involve direct or indirect exposure. Methodology: Aim: Present study has been under taken with the aim to reduce the obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms as well as the depressive symptoms of the individuals with the help of danger ideation reduction therapy. Sample: By using purposive sampling technique a total of 10 participants were selected, further participants were divided equally into experimental and control groups. Tools: Padua Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Therapeutic package planned included; cognitive restructuring, filmed interview, probability of catastrophe, corrective information, attention focusing (rhythmic breathing exercise). Result and Conclusion: The study concludes that with the help of danger ideation therapy patients exhibited improvement in OCD symptoms such as improvement control over mental activities, contamination as well as urges, improvement regarding worries of loss of control over behaviors. OCD patients also showed improvements in depressive symptoms of mood related problems, sleep problems, pessimism and social withdrawal.
Life Skill Training on Behavioural Issues of Adolescents
Authors: Sr. Sicily T.S  , Dr. Vidhya Ravindranadan
Published: December 2021

Adolescence is the most critical phase of an individual. The highly competitive world of today and the absence of traditional norms and support have heightened the stress among adolescents resulting in multiple issues such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, rejection, diffidence, anger, confliction in interpersonal relationship, alcohol abuse and criminal behaviour. An endeavor was made to understand the effect of life skill training on the behavioral issues and skill development of adolescents. Five adolescent students from Kottayam district were selected as sample for the present case study. Life skill training has been given for a period of 9 months. Life skill scale (Vranda, 2007) and Behavioral Checklist (prepared for the present study) were the tools used. The results of the present study laid its emphasis to explore the effectiveness of life skill training on dealing behavioral issues and developing life skill of adolescents.
Acculturative Stress and Mental Health of International Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roli Tiwari
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study is to review of empirical studies to examine the relationship between acculturative stress and mental health of international students. A literature search using JSTOR, Google Scholar and J-Gate database covers the period from 1995 to 2015, the author acknowledged 20 peer reviewed papers (full text) gathering inclusion criteria. Search terms were Acculturation, Acculturative stress, mental health, and international students. This search generate many empirical studies which includes participants from African, Arabian, Asian, Bosnian, Caribbean, Chinese, Iraqi, Korean, Latino, Oceania, Mexican, Norway, Lebanese, Somali, and Greenland countries. The majority of them were from Psychology, Psychiatry, Sociology, Social Science, Anthropology, Nursing, Health Promotion, Science, Life Science and Medicine. Six parameters proposed by Zhang and Goodson (2011) have been selected to assess the internal validity of reviewed studies; viz., research design, validity coefficient of criterion measure on own data, reliability coefficient of criterion measure on own data, reliability and validity coefficient of different predictor measures on own data, statistical analysis, effect size. Current review demonstrated contradictory findings on the relationship between acculturative stress and mental health of international students. The information of acculturative stress of international students studying in India has not yet been ascertained. Theoretical and practical issues have been discussed.
Effects of Free Education on Enhancing Access to Primary Education in Tanzania: A Case of Newala District, Mtwara Region
Authors: Felister L. Mberege  , Fred A. Rwechungura
Published: December 2021

Tanzania has attempted to increase access to education at various levels of education systems. Despite all these efforts there are a lot of challenges which need to be addressed to enhance progress in the education sector. This study is one amongst many with the objective of assessing the effects of free education on enhancing access to primary education in Tanzania. The study used logic model to explain the households’ decision to enroll their children into primary school under free education policy. The results revealed that free education policy has succeeded both in increasing enrolment and in reducing delays in entering to school because more pupils have been enrolled at the legal school entry age of 5-7 year or less. However, free education has not succeeded in reducing drop outs because after implementation of free education policy the surprising outcome is that the percentage of dropouts from school increased. The study further determined significance of the factors that were deemed important for sending children to school; where it was revealed that, distance from home to school had a negative influence on the decision of sending children to school. The odds in favour of enrolment increase when the household considers free education an important factor. For the sex of the household head odds ratio were in favour of male headed households. Though the government implemented free education policy, most of people are not satisfied with the policy, because it did not meet their expectations.
Social Anxiety: Prevalence and Gender Correlates among Young Adult Urban College Students
Authors: Visalakshi Sridhar  , Dr. Surya Rekha S.V
Published: December 2021

Social anxiety is a debilitating disorder often affecting everyday functioning of young adults. This developmental period has challenges in the domains of academics, career, and relationships. Thus, experience of social anxiety, even if subclinical, can be doubly challenging. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of social anxiety among young adults of urban college students in Bangalore, India. Participants of the study were a group of 472 college students comprising 250 males and 222 females. They were screened for social anxiety using Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) developed by Caballo et al. (2015) which measures five domains. It was found that 28.60% experience social anxiety which seems significant enough to demand attention. The percentage of males and females that experienced social anxiety was 27.2% and 30.18% respectively, establishing that there is no significant relationship between social anxiety and gender. Gender did not seem to correlate with any of the domains of social anxiety.
Organizational Commitment as a Predictor of Job Satisfaction among Private Sector Employees
Authors: Razia Saleem
Published: December 2021

An attempt was made to study relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction as well as role of organizational commitment on job satisfaction among private sector employees. The sample of the study was selected by using the purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 50; participant’s age range was 35 to 55 years. Organizational Commitment Scale (2001) developed by Shawkat and Ansari and Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Dubey, Uppal, Verma and Maini (1989). Pearson product moment correlation was used to study the relationship between different dimensions of organizational commitment and job satisfaction as well as simple linear regression was used to examine the role of organizational commitment on job satisfaction among private sector employees. It was found that different dimensions of organizational commitment significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction, it was also found that organizational commitment has significant influence on job satisfaction among private sector employees. The result revealed that, when organizational commitment increases job satisfaction also increases and vice versa.
Relationship of Posttraumatic Growth with Religious Coping and Optimism among Breast Cancer Patients of Kashmir
Authors: Samina  , Dr. Touseef Rizvi
Published: December 2021

The current study assesses the relationship of posttraumatic growth with religious coping and optimism among female breast cancer patients of Kashmir. Purposive sampling technique was used for the sampling purpose. 100 breast cancer patients ranging between the ages of 25 to 70 years were taken. The tools used for the present study were Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI, 1996), Iranian Religious Coping Scale (2011) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R, 1994). Results of the study revealed that religious coping and optimism is positively and significantly correlated with posttraumatic growth
A Study to See Effects of Psychological Counselling On Intelligence of Secondary Level Students
Authors: Dr. Sarika Mohta
Published: December 2021

To know the effects of counselling on intelligence on young children 200 students of Aklank and Modi Public School of Kota (Rajasthan) were taken for study. Dr. P.N. Mehrotra’s mixed type group test of intelligence was implied. It measures verbal and non-verbal intelligence and also indicates about the areas of intelligence where the child needs guidance / counselling for improvement. Thus after scoring and analysis the data obtained, could be said that there was no significant difference in the Intelligence Quotient of both the groups in both class IX and class X testing of both experimental and controlled group. There was no difference in the I.Q. of the experimental group after two counselling interventions, establishes and confirm the theory and thought that the Intelligence is a hereditary factor which cannot be influenced by any external interventions.
Impact of Family Pathology on Behavioural and Emotional Problems of Children
Authors: Dr. Antara Ghosh  , Pramita Chakraborty
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study is to find out the impact of family pathology on behavioural and emotional problems of children. The data has been taken from the parents, both father and mother of 60 boys and 60 girls (120 children) between the age group of 9-12 years using the Family Pathology Scale (FPS) and Problem Behavior Checklist (PBCL) questionnaire along with a General Information Schedule . The data obtained from the sample was statistically analysis by using Frequency, Percentage, Mean, SD, Correlation and ‘t’-test. The obtained result showed that both of the boys (M-75) and girls (M-73.05) parents have moderate family pathology and mothers’ placed their children at moderate level (M-104.22) in PBCL but the fathers’ placed them at mild level (M-77.12) in PBCL. The analysis reveals that there is a significant difference between father of boys and girls (p<0.05, 3.92/(p>0.05, 2.53) as well as mother of boys and girls (p<0.05,12.38/(p>0.05, 20.2) in respective of FPS and PBCL. Finally the study reveals that there is a slightly significant relationship with family pathology (with father and children-0.06 and with mother and children-0.09) on the behavioural and emotional problems of children.
A Comparative study of Level of Depression among Adolescents
Authors: Ms. Meenakshi Varma  , Dr. Amita Puri
Published: December 2021

Depression is an emotional state marked by emotional symptoms (e.g. depressed mood), Motivational symptoms (e.g. loss of interest or pleasure), cognitive problems (e.g. negative thoughts, feeling of hopelessness) and somatic (loss of energy, sleep disturbances). Methodology: The present study was conducted on adolescents, the description of the sampling procedure is given below, and as far as design of present investigation is concerned it is comparative in nature. Purposive random sampling technique was used. The sample of present research comprises of n=100 further more sample was divided into 50 males and 50 females adolescents, the age range of the adolescents was 13 to 15 years. Result and Discussion: As far as findings are concerned we will find that, findings in present investigation are in conformity the previous findings.
Role of Profession in Psycho-Physical Health and Personality of Substance Dependent and Non-dependent Person
Authors: Dr. Anuradha Wats
Published: December 2021

Background: Addictive behavior could be defined as any activity, substances, object or behavior that has become the major focus of a person’s life to the exclusion of other activities or that has begun to harm individually, physically, mentally or socially. These behaviors increase the risks of diseases associated with personal and social problems. They are often experienced subjectively as loss of control, meaning the behavior continues to occur despite volitional attempts to abstain it. Material and Methods: In the present study 560 representative samples out of which 280 were substance-dependent & 280 Non-dependent drawn from the general population, drug addiction institute & rehabilitation centre selected from Chhattisgarh. The study was concentrated on male substance dependent & non-dependent between, the age group ranged between 18-50 years and involved in different type of profession, individuals having history of any neurological disorder, mental disorder, physical disorder and psychological before starting the drug were excluded from the study. Conclusion: Family history of addiction plays a significant role for substance intake. Alcohol intake was more among police and Businessman whereas cannabis intake was more among Teachers and Doctors. Addiction affects psycho-physical health.