bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of a GaAs detector model in the Photon Counting Toolkit software for the study of breast imaging systems
Authors: Ghammraoui Bahaa , Taguchi Katsuyuki , Glick Stephen J.
Published: June 2023

We present an upgraded version of the Photon Counting Toolkit (PcTK), a freely available by request MATLAB tool for the simulation of semiconductor-based photon counting detectors (PCD), which has been extended and validated to account for gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based PCD(s). The modified PcTK version was validated by performing simulations and acquiring experimental data for three different cases. The LAMBDA 60 K module planar detector (X-Spectrum GmbH, Germany) based on the Medipix3 ASIC technology was used in all cases. This detector has a 500-μm thick GaAs sensor and a 256 × 256-pixel array with 55 μm pixel size. The first validation was a comparison between simulated and measured spectra from a 109Cd radionuclide source. In the second validation study, experimental measurements and simulations of mammography spectra were generated to observe the performance of the GaAs version of the PcTK with polychromatic radiation used in conventional x-ray imaging systems. The third validation study used single event analysis to validate the spatio-energetic model of the extended PcTK version. Overall, the software provided a good agreement between simulated and experimental data, validating the accuracy of the GaAs model. The software could be an attractive tool for accurate simulation of breast imaging modalities relying on photon counting detectors and therefore could assist in their characterization and optimization.
Hashes are not suitable to verify fixity of the public archived web
Authors: Aturban Mohamed , Klein Martin , Van de Sompel Herbert , Alam Sawood , Nelson Michael L. , Weigle Michele C.
Published: June 2023

Web archives, such as the Internet Archive, preserve the web and allow access to prior states of web pages. We implicitly trust their versions of archived pages, but as their role moves from preserving curios of the past to facilitating present day adjudication, we are concerned with verifying the fixity of archived web pages, or mementos, to ensure they have always remained unaltered. A widely used technique in digital preservation to verify the fixity of an archived resource is to periodically compute a cryptographic hash value on a resource and then compare it with a previous hash value. If the hash values generated on the same resource are identical, then the fixity of the resource is verified. We tested this process by conducting a study on 16,627 mementos from 17 public web archives. We replayed and downloaded the mementos 39 times using a headless browser over a period of 442 days and generated a hash for each memento after each download, resulting in 39 hashes per memento. The hash is calculated by including not only the content of the base HTML of a memento but also all embedded resources, such as images and style sheets. We expected to always observe the same hash for a memento regardless of the number of downloads. However, our results indicate that 88.45% of mementos produce more than one unique hash value, and about 16% (or one in six) of those mementos always produce different hash values. We identify and quantify the types of changes that cause the same memento to produce different hashes. These results point to the need for defining an archive-aware hashing function, as conventional hashing functions are not suitable for replayed archived web pages.
Limitations and opportunities of smallholders’ practical knowledge when dealing with pig health issues in northern Uganda
Authors: Arvidsson Anna , Fischer Klara , Chenais Erika , Kiguli Juliet , Sternberg-Lewerin Susanna , Ståhl Karl
Published: June 2023

Pig production has a short history in Uganda. The majority of pigs are kept by smallholder farmers in rural areas where access to veterinary services is limited, and pig keeping has been suggested as a potential pathway out of poverty for smallholders. Previous research has identified the disease of African swine fever (ASF) as a major threat, causing high mortalities in pigs. With no available cure or vaccine, the only option is to implement biosecurity measures, i.e. strategies that prevent the spread of ASF. This paper draws on data from four months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural northern Uganda. Combining methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and a survey, the aim was to improve understanding of smallholders’ perceptions and responses to pig health issues such as ASF. Applying the concept of practical knowledge, this paper analyses the potential and limitations of smallholders’ practice-based knowledge as a means of dealing with pig health issues. The results show that while pigs were appreciated locally for providing an income, many informants found it difficult to deal with pig diseases effectively. Consequently, informants commonly expressed a need for other kinds of knowledge in their pig production, indicating that veterinary advice can play an important role in reducing the negative impact of pig health issues. For animal health provision to have relevance in this context, however, veterinary practitioners must pay close attention to smallholders’ priorities and ways of knowing in their livestock keeping. Results further show that pig health issues made some informants abandon pig production altogether. To enhance the potential of pig production as a poverty mitigation strategy in Uganda, research and policy need to focus on ways of bettering general conditions for smallholder pig keeping, including improving the quality of and access to veterinary services in rural areas.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance knowledge, attitudes, and practices: Current evidence to build a strong national antimicrobial drug resistance narrative in Ethiopia
Authors: Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Kerbo Amene Abebe , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Mokonnon Taklu Marama
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic that has claimed millions of lives, and resulted in long-term disabilities, limited treatment options, and high economic costs associated with the healthcare burden. Given the rising prevalence of AMR, which is expected to pose a challenge to current empirical antibiotic treatment strategies, we sought to summarize the available data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AMR in Ethiopia. Articles were searched in international electronic databases. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and STATA software version 16 were used for data extraction and analysis, respectively. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 checklist was followed. The methodological quality of the studies included was assessed by the Joana Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. The random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate Der Simonian-Laird’s pooled effect. Statistical heterogeneity of the meta-analysis was checked through Higgins and Thompson’s I2 statistics and Cochran’s Q test. Publication bias was investigated by funnel plots, and the regression-based test of Egger for small study effects with a P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate potential reporting bias. In addition, sensitivity and subgroup meta-analyses were performed. Fourteen studies with a total of 4476 participants met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled prevalence of good AMR knowledge was 51.53% [(95% confidence interval (CI): 37.85, 65.21), I2 = 99.0%, P <0.001]. The pooled prevalence of favorable attitudes and good practices were 63.43% [(95% CI: 42.66, 84.20), I2 = 99.6, P <0.001], and 48.85% [(95% CI: 38.68, 59.01), I2 = 93.1, P <0.001] respectively. In conclusion, there is a significant knowledge and practice gap on AMR among the general public, patients, and livestock producers. As a result, we call for greater educational interventions to raise awareness and build a strong national AMR narrative.
Perfil socioeconómico de los recolectores de materiales reciclables del vertedero de Campo Grande/MS - Brasil
Authors: Akemi Ikuta Flávia , Da Costa Higor Cirilo
Published: June 2023

El objetivo del estudio es trazar un perfil socioeconómico y socioespacial de los trabajadores recolectores de materiales reciclables que trabajaban en el vertedero de Campo Grande, capital del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil). La investigación, realizada en colaboración con la Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) de Mato Grosso do Sul y la Abogacía del Estado, fue cuantitativa y abarcó a 227 recolectores. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron considerando el contexto más amplio de las relaciones de produción de mercancías y de residuos, y de la transformación de su gestión, que se ha desarrollado en el país desde 2010 con la Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destacan: la diferencia en los ingresos obtenidos por hombres y mujeres; la jornada de trabajo, en general, más larga que la media de los trabajadores; edad media de 35 años; una parte considerable empezó el trabajo de recogida antes de los 18 años; la mayoría procede de Mato Grosso do Sul, son negros, residentes en el mismo barrio donde se ubica el vertedero; no tienen casa propia; una parte importante de sus hijos no tiene acceso a la escuela. El perfil de los recolectores es semejante al encontrado en otras ciudades brasileñas, pues trabajan en condiciones precarias, insalubres, son explotados por diversos agentes de la cadena de reciclaje y se observa un elevado grado de exclusión social y espacial.
Desastres socioambientales de la minería y la imagen de las compañías mineras en Brasil
Authors: Nunes Coelho Maria Célia , Jardim Wanderley Luiz , De Araújo Miranda Elis
Published: June 2023

Los desastres socioambientales de la minería industrial, en el contexto de los grandes proyectos mineros, del plan de modernización/industrialización y de desarrollo en Brasil, reflejan las transformaciones económicas, espaciales y socioambientales, además de la destrucción de la buena imagen de la minería y de las compañías mineras. En las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, ha aumentado la frecuencia de los desastres socioambientales en Brasil debido al boom y al post-boom de las commodities minerales y, consecuentemente, a la necesidad de las compañías mineras de incrementar el volúmen de exportaciones. Así, en lo que respecta a los desastres socioambientales recientes en Brasil, discutimos las nociones de progreso y riesgo, abordando (a) el origen de los problemas en el proceso de concepción política y (b) las narrativas de los medios de comunicación; junto a (c) la destrucción/reconstrucción de la imágen de las respectivas empresas mineras. Se concluye que: (a) los desastres socioambientales y las situaciones regionales o municipales de decadencia económica en el post-boom de la minería y en post-desastres ambientales son un símbolo del alcance de los efectos nacionales/locales-regionales de la orientación de las empresas mineras y del gobierno hacia la economía global; (b) la prensa excluye de sus análisis la experiencia de los proyectos económicos regionales políticamente concebidos y efectivamente implantados; y (c) las empresas mineras carecen de credibilidad, lo que afecta fuertemente a los proyectos actuales o futuros.
Urbanización costera y polución marina
Authors: Moledo de Souza Abessa Denis
Published: June 2023

Históricamente, las ciudades costeras brasileñas se establecieron sin una planificación adecuada, frecuentemente dejando de lado algunos aspectos básicos, como los sistemas de saneamiento. Por lo tanto, las aguas residuales y de drenaje urbanas terminan en el mar, en la mayoría de los casos, donde producen impactos negativos sobre el medio ambiente, la salud pública y la economía. La situación sigue siendo bastante complicada, dado el enorme retraso en la adecuación de las ciudades respecto a la recogida y destino final de las aguas residuales, y un panorama aún más preocupante se refiere en al drenaje urbano. Es fundamental que se dé prioridad al saneamiento en las ciudades costeras, considerando los objetivos de sostenibilidad establecidos en la Agenda 2030.
Análisis de los resúmenes de español en los cursos de secretariado ejecutivo en Brasil: ¿ELE o EFE?
Authors: Gelli Pinheiro Lima Graziellen
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de doctorado, desarrollado en la Universidad de Salamanca, y tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de los planes de estudio de las asignaturas de español en las carreras de secretariado ejecutivo en universidades federales del noreste brasileño, buscando observar si este documento tiene pautas para la enseñanza del ELE o como EFE. En este contexto, los trabajos de Beltrán (2004, 2012) o Gómez de Enterría (2001), entre otros, aportaron una base previa sobre el tema. Para alcanzar el objetivo de la investigación se utilizó un abordaje cualitativo, caracterizado por un enfoque descriptivo-interpretativo. Además, es documental, ya que se analizaron los documentos como una forma de entender puntos de convergencia y/o divergencia que pueden facilitar o dificultar el trabajo del docente y el aprendizaje del alumno. Esperamos fomentar reflexiones en el área de la Lingüística Aplicada a la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, Sociolingüística y Didáctica de Lenguas, sobre la enseñanza de la lengua en contextos específicos, contribuyendo a la expansión del área de investigación del español para fines específicos.
Comunicación no violenta y educación mediática como propuestas innovadoras en el diálogo con adolescentes en el entorno escolar, en la Amazonia Oriental
Authors: Gomes Bassi Ingrid
Published: June 2023

El estudio recoge los resultados científicos del Proyecto de Extensión “Educomunicación y no violencia: Propuesta de prácticas educomunicativas asociadas a la lógica de la no violencia en la escuela”, llevado a cabo en el segundo semestre de 2019, con estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria Municipal Adolfo Soares de Moraes, en Rondon do Pará, en la región oriental de la Amazonia. Recurrimos a la metodología de la observación participante y realizamos talleres, con el propósito de elaborar un periódico digital colectivo. Las consideraciones finales contribuyen a la promoción de la acción de los medios como uso pedagógico y a la conciencia del empoderamiento en la educación y en las prácticas innovadoras de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Los impactos de la pandemia en la economía brasileña
Authors: Benevett Fligenspan Flávio
Published: June 2023

Los primeros efectos de la pandemia sobre la economía brasileña se manifestaron en marzo de 2020 y lo hicieron sobre un nivel de actividad que ya era débil porque aún no se había recuperado de la recesión anterior que duró once trimestres entre 2014 y 2016. Al negar la gravedad de la enfermedad, el gobierno perdió mucho tiempo discutiendo una cuestión fraudulenta: preservar la salud de la población o preservar la economía. Aun así, presionado por el Poder Legislativo, implementó varios programas de ayuda a familias y empresas, que terminaron evitando una caída mayor del PIB. Sin embargo, el gobierno se guío por la expectativa de que la pandemia terminaría a principios de 2021. Como esto no se produjo, se ha mostrado reticente a reeditar esos programas de ayuda, lo que ha causado mucho daño a las familias más pobres y a las micro y pequeñas empresas. Las posibilidades de recuperación económica dependen de lograr controlar la pandemia, avanzar en el proceso de vacunación y de dar una solución al gran volumen de pasivos generados mientras la actividad se encontraba semiparalizada.
A pilot study on ultrashort peptide with fluconazole: A promising novel anticandidal combination
Authors: Darwish Rula M. , Salama Ali H.
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim: Human infections caused by Candida albicans are common and range in severity from relatively treatable skin and mucosal conditions to systemic, fatal invasive candidiasis. The treatment of fungal infections is challenged by major obstacles, including the scarcity of effective therapeutic options, the toxicity of available medications, and the escalating antifungal resistance. Hence, there exists an urgent need to develop new classes of antimicrobial agents. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of KW-23 peptide against standard and resistant strains of C. albicans alone and in combination with fluconazole.

Materials and Methods: A conjugated ultrashort antimicrobial peptide (KW-23) was designed and synthesized. KW-23 was challenged against standard and multidrug-resistant C. albicans alone and in combination with fluconazole using standard antimicrobial and checkerboard assays. The toxicity of the peptide was examined using hemolytic assays.

Results: KW-23 positively affected the standard and resistant Candidal strains (at 5 and 15 µg/mL respectively), exhibiting potent synergistic antimicrobial activity against the standard strain when combined with fluconazole. The effect of the combination was additive against the resistant strain (0.6 µg/mL). Furthermore, the peptide exhibited negligible toxicity on human erythrocytes.

Conclusion: KW-23 and its combination with fluconazole could be a promising candidate for developing anticandidal agents.

Keywords: Candida albicans, drug combinations, fluconazole, synergism, ultrashort peptide.
Infraestructura portuaria, urbanización y extractivismo: un estudio de la producción social del espacio en la región Rosario, Argentina (1995-2021)
Authors: Scarpacci Martín , Siqueira Hipólita
Published: June 2023

En un sistema global marcado por intercambios económicos y ecológicos crecientemente desiguales, América Latina se configura cómo una plataforma de valorización financiera especializada en la extracción de commodities. El extractivismo, traccionado por el superciclo de las materias primas, ha provocado grandes y variadas transformaciones materiales e inmateriales en el subcontinente. El cual, mediante una imperecedera relación desigual y amarrado por extensas y blindadas cadenas globales de valor, continúa sometido a alimentar el crecimiento de la urbanización planetaria que comanda un reducido grupo de oligopolios transnacionales (Brenner, 2019). El objetivo del artículo es explorar la continuidad del proceso extractivo transversal al espacio urbano-regional y analizar las interacciones entre la urbanización y la infraestructura portuaria de la región Rosario a lo largo del último cuarto de siglo (1995-2022). Nos guiamos por las propuestas teórico-metodológicas de Martin Arboleda (2020) y Carlos Brandão (2017, 2022). A partir de esos aportes, analizamos el proceso de producción extractivista y observamos las interdependencias, interrelaciones e intersecciones entre actores en el espacio urbano-regional producido por el proceso extractivo dominante.
Wisata Virtual Sebagai Sarana Pengenalan dan Pelestarian Budaya Di Tengah Pandemi
Authors: Amallia Helmi Novista , Asyifah Nurul , Fathollah Edy , Pratama Muhammad Nurdin
Published: June 2023

The spread of Covid-19 has yet to subside. Many sectors of the economy were forced to stagnate due to the presence of Covid-19. In fact, according to data from the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, the existence of large-scale social restrictions or commonly called PSBB and the closure of access to and from Indonesia, resulted in a significant decrease in state revenue, especially in the tourism sector by Rp20.7 billion. However, as the essence of humans as social beings, it is necessary to continue to be active, socialize, and fulfill needs. In this case, social change will always exist, as the view of Talcot Parson. Therefore, it is necessary as a human being to always be able to innovate to answer the challenges of the situation. Space restrictions due to the presence of a pandemic and the incessant development of technology make the topic of Virtual Tour so interesting for researchers. Then, the main discussion of this research is whether the presence of this Virtual Tour can replace the original function of offline tourism, which is still able to introduce and preserve culture to the community. then, this research is focused on using qualitative research and is supported by interview data and case studies. Through the results of interview data and case studies, this research then produces an answer that Virtual Tour is able to replace offline tourism functions. Where, Virtual Tour is able to be an alternative to introduce and preserve culture in the midst of a pandemic.Keywords: Virtual Tour, Tour, Pandemic.
Menumbuhkan Budaya Literasi Melalui Kecakapan Digital di Kalangan Mahasiswa Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Almahdi Muhammad Reza Aulia , Fathoni Mumtaz Syabits , Fatmah Yayang Tri , Faidah Zahra Salma
Published: June 2023

This study aims to discuss two important questions related to the causes of low interest in reading for millennials and the right solution to foster millennial literacy interest in Sociology Students, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UIN Sunan Kalijaga. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method with the type of case study research. This research resulted in an answer that, The low interest in reading among students was due to several things, especially the development of digital technology. The development of digital technology if it is not balanced with self-control in its use can be detrimental to its users and can even be the main cause of the decline in literacy levels among students. However, digital technology can also be an effective stimulant that triggers an increase in reading interest. The lack of parental role in providing literacy culture is a factor that needs to be considered. Literacy interest is also influenced by the presence or absence of facilities for reading, if the facilities are complete and comfortable, it will support students' interest in reading. For some students, the pressure of the task that forces them to read a lot of literature actually becomes a fairly effective stimulant. With these factors, it is clear how the interest in literacy among students is, there are some students whose literacy awareness is still low. However, this can be overcome by providing effective and appropriate stimulants for them.Keywords: Digital Literacy, Digital Skills, Literacy Culture.
Sosialisasi KKN Pandemi Covid-19 melalui Strategi Komunikasi LP2M UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Authors: Hamandia Muhammad Randicha , Ghorbiah Ghorbiah
Published: June 2023

Terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 membuat perubahan dan pembaruan yang diharuskan ditengah-tengah kehidupan bermasyarakat. Juga pada pengamalan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi UIN Raden Fatah, kegiatan KKN ke-73 berbeda dengan sebelumnya, dengan perbedaan dan perubahan baru LP2M diharuskan melakukan sosialisasi kepada semua pihak yang terlibat pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan KKN. Adapun masalah dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh LP2M UIN Raden Fatah Palembang saat melaksanakan sosialisasi KKN-73, serta tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Metodelogi penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif melalui observari, wawancara dan dokumentasi, yang diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data model Miles dan Huberman. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori strategi komunikasi yang dikemukakan oleh Middleton, bahwasanya strategi komunikasi adalah komunikasi yang terbaik dari semua elemen komunikasi mulai dari komunikator, pesan, saluran (media), penerima sampai pada pengaruh (efek) yang dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan komunikasi yang optimal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh LP2M UIN Raden Fatah Palembang cukup optimal, dalam pelaksanaan sosialisasi kepada para peserta KKN menggunakan perantara media aplikasi Zoom Meeting sebagai media utama sosialisasi, penggunaan media ini terdapat tantangan tersendiri baik bagi penyelenggara maupun peserta, untuk mengatasinya digunakan media grup Telegram untuk menyampaikan informasi KKN-73 setelah sosialisasi utama selesai, sehingga KKN-73 Pandemi Covid-19 berjalan lancar.Keywords:Strategi Komunikasi, Sosialisasi KKN, Pandemi Covid-19.
Lücken der deutschen Klimapolitik
Authors: Kurz Rudi
Published: June 2023

Das Klimaschutzgesetz soll die Umsetzung der deutschen Klimapolitik ermöglichen. Wie sind die gesetzlichen Weichenstellungen zu bewerten? Welche Schwachstellen weisen die Regelungen auf? Eine Analyse der deutschen Klimapolitik legt gravierende Defizite offen.
Ein regionales Marktdesign für eine zuverlässige Stromversorgung
Authors: Hirschl Bernd , Aretz Astrid , Kegel Jan , Zozmann Elmar
Published: June 2023

Der Strommarkt muss zukünftig große Mengen an erneuerbaren Energien regeln. Dafür ist das jetzige Marktdesign nicht ausgelegt und sollte daher dringend reformiert werden muss. Dabei sollte aus Sicht der Autor/innen die Stärkung regionaler Impulse unbedingt berücksichtigt werden.
Wasserstoff in der Energieversorgung und mögliche Importabhängigkeiten
Authors: Merten Frank , Scholz Alexander
Published: June 2023

Mit dem kleinsten und leichtesten Gasmolekül der Welt, dem Wasserstoff (H2), werden große Erwartungen verbunden. Der Artikel stellt dar, welche Rolle grüner Wasserstoff künftig für die Energieversorgung spielen und wo er produziert werden könnte, aber auch, wie sich den damit verbundenen neuen Importabhängigkeiten und Risiken begegnen lässt.
Wie die Energiewende trotz des steigenden Rohstoffbedarfes gelingen kann
Authors: Maisel Franziska , Haendel Michael , Rostek Leon , Espinzoa Luis Tercero
Published: June 2023

Die Energiewende, welche aufgrund des voranschreitenden Klimawandels notwendig ist, erfordert den Einsatz neuer Technologien mit erhöhtem Rohstoffbedarf, um die ambitionierten Ziele der Klimapolitik zu erreichen. Doch wie können wir gewährleisten, dass die potenziell kritischen Rohstoffe auch in Zukunft zur Verfügung stehen?
Wie eine nachhaltige Renaissance der europäischen Fotovoltaik-Industrie gelingt
Authors: Bethge Nadine , Fritsch David
Published: June 2023

Die Fotovoltaik (PV) ist der Schlüssel für die Energiewende, weshalb sich die PV‑Produktion schleunigst vervielfachen muss. Solch ein PV‑Hochlauf ist dann nachhaltig und gerecht, wenn die Wertschöpfungskette auf hohen Menschenrechtsstandards und Kreislauffähigkeit fußt. Hierin liegt Europas Chance.
Die Ökologisierung des Onlinehandels
Authors: Zimmermann Till
Published: June 2023

Der Onlinehandel wächst kontinuierlich, entsprechend wachsen die Umweltwirkungen, die mit dem Onlinekauf einhergehen. Im Beitrag, welcher auf den Arbeiten des Projekts „Ökologisierung des Onlinehandels“ beruht, werden Potenziale zur Ökologisierung des Onlinehandels aufgezeigt, auf den Bereich der Versandverpackungen und die Belieferung auf der letzten Meile wird dabei näher eingegangen.
Gendered Energy – Analytische Perspektiven und Potenziale der Geschlechterforschung für eine sozial-ökologische Gestaltung der Energiewende im Raum
Authors: Kanning Helga , Mölders Tanja , Hofmeister Sabine
Published: June 2023

The “Energiewende” (energy transition) is an important transformation process changing spaces both materially and symbolically. Making this change sustainable is one of the biggest challenges on the way to a post-fossil society. To meet these challenges in its areas of responsibility means for spatial planning to take into account in particular changed actor constellations, the emergence of new energy systems, energy landscapes and spatial relationships. However, both the implementation of the new planning tasks as well as the planning research on energy transition are only just at the beginning. Clearly, planning instruments will have to be adapted and developed procedurally and substantially. We propose that linking the debate on the Energiewende that takes place in spatial research and planning science to analytical aspects of sustainability-related gender research will achieve a yet untapped potential for transforming energy systems towards sustainable development. Using results from gender studies and research into the social ecology of sustainability, we define gender in four ways, as differential, as structure, as process and as epistemological category. Drawing upon these concepts we ask what “blind spots”, justice and democracy deficits as well as manorial handling with nature can be made visible. The aim of the paper is to gain transformation knowledge for an emancipatory (re-)design of energy transition in space as well as new prospects for planning science on energy transition.
Modifikasi Metode Fenton pada Dekolorisasi Limbah Pewarna Remazol Black B dengan Oksida Timbal Hasil Sintesis pada Variasi Molar Pb2+ dan NaOH
Authors: Patmawati Patmawati , Widodo Didik Setiyo , Suyati Linda , Khabibi Khabibi , Haris Abdul
Published: June 2023

Sintesis timbal oksida menggunakan prekursor Pb(NO3)2, NaOH dan oksidator H2O2 telah dilakukan dengan variasi jumlah (mol) NaOH dan cara pengeringan hasil sintesis. Sintesis ini merupakan kajian dalam upaya mengatasi masalah limbah yang mengandung zat warna berbahaya dan ion Pb2+ dalam sampel akibat perlakuan Fenton dimodifikasi menggunakan PbO2. Metode modifikasi fenton sangat efektif dalam menghilangkan warna limbah zat warna namun proses masih menyisakan sisa ion Pb2+ di dalam larutan sehingga diperlukan penanganan lebih lanjut untuk mendaur ulang ion Pb2+ menjadi timbal oksida sehingga dapat digunakan kembali dalam proses dekolorisasi sampel. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa endapan hitam-cokelat yang terbentuk adalah oksida timbal. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan instrumen SEM-EDX dan XRD untuk mengetahui morfologi permukaan dan kristalinitas senyawa. Persentase dekolorisasi  dengan penggunaan oksida hasil sintesis dengan perbandingan mol antara Pb(NO3)2:NaOH 1:2 dan setelah pengeringan pada suhu kamar (desikator) mencapai  86,59 %. Pengujian menunjukkan variasi sintesis timbal oksida pada berbagai suhu pengeringan dan berbagai rasio mol NaOH menunjukkan bahwa hasil dekolorisasi berbeda nyata.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation: the main markers of this association
Authors: Teslenko O. B. , Fedorov S. V. , Bielinskyi M. V. , Serediuk N. M.
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased globally in recent years. According to recent studies, NAFLD and AF affect approximately 32 % and 0.51 % of the general population, respectively.
Aim. To examine the association between NAFLD and AF by using the FibroTest-4 (FIB-4) and the NAFLD Fibrosis score (NFS) and measuring periostin levels.
Materials and methods. In this study, we enrolled 96 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and divided them in two groups, the main group – 35 patients with NAFLD + AF and the control group – 61 patients with NAFLD alone. NFS and FIB-4 indices were calculated and serum periostin level was measured.
Results. The NAFLD + AF group had higher levels of periostin (10.80 ± 1.60 ng/ml vs. 9.80 ± 1.75 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and higher NFS (-1.05 ± 1.46 vs. -2.65 ± 1.63, p < 0.001) and FIB-4 scores (1.34 ± 0.86 vs 1.07 ± 0.60, p = 0.048). Periostin has been found to be associated with the risk of NAFLD + AF with an OR of 2.079 (95 % CI: 1.418–3.048, p < 0.001). Similar results were with NFS (OR = 3.233, 95 % CI: 1.970–5.303, p < 0.001) and FIB-4 (OR = 2.498, 95 % CI: 1.109–5.627, p = 0.027). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using three variables, NFS, FIB-4 and periostin, to determine their ability to distinguish between patients with NAFLD + AF and NAFLD alone. The results have shown that the NFS had the highest area under the curve (AUC) with a value of 0.868 (95 % CI: 0.792–0.943, p < 0.001), indicating excellent discriminatory ability. FIB-4 had an AUC of 0.651 (95 % CI: 0.537–0.765, p = 0.014), while periostin had an AUC of 0.759 (95 % CI: 0.660–0.858, p < 0.001).
Conclusions. These findings have suggested a strong association between NAFLD and AF and highlighted the importance of considering AF as a potential complication in patients with NAFLD. Both the use of the FIB-4 and NFS indices and measurement of periostin levels have been proved to be effective in detecting this association.
EpiCass and CassavaNet4Dev Advanced Bioinformatics Workshop
Authors: Gisel Andreas , Stavolone Livia , Olagunju Temitayo , Landi Michael , Van Damme Renaud , Niazi Adnan , Falquet Laurent , Shah Trushar , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik
Published: June 2023

EpiCass and CassavaNet4Dev are collaborative projects funded by the Swedish Research Council between the Swedish University of Agriculture (SLU) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The projects aim to investigate the influence of epigenetic changes on agricultural traits such as yield and virus resistance while also providing African students and researchers with advanced bioinformatics training and opportunities to participate in big data analysis events. The first advanced bioinformatics training workshop took place from May 16th to May 18th, 2022, followed by an online mini-symposium titled "Epigenetics and crop improvement" on May 19th. The symposium featured international speakers covering a wide range of topics related to plant epigenetics, cassava viral diseases, and cassava breeding strategies. A new online and on-site teaching concept was developed for the three-day workshop to ensure maximum student participation across Western, Eastern, and Southern Africa. Initially planned in Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zambia, the workshop ultimately focused on Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia due to a lack of qualified candidates in the other countries. Each classroom hosted 20 to 25 students, with at least one bioinformatician present for support. The classrooms were connected via video conferencing, whereas teachers located in different places in Africa and Europe joined the video stream to conduct teaching sessions. The workshop was divided into theoretical classes and hands-on sessions, where participants could run data analysis with support from online teachers and local bioinformaticians. To enable participants to run guided, CPU and RAM-intensive data analysis workflows and overcome local computing and internet access restrictions, a system of virtual machines (VMs) hosted in the cloud was developed. The teaching platform provided teaching and exercise materials to support the use of the VMs. Although some students could not run heavy data analysis workflows due to unforeseen restrictions in the cloud, these issues were solved. All participants had the opportunity to run the analysis steps independently in the cloud using the protocols hosted on the teaching platform.
Cerebral blood flow dynamics: Is there more to the story at exercise onset?
Authors: Ashley John , Shelley Joe , Song Jiwon , Sun Jongjoo , Larson Rebecca D. , Larson Daniel J. , Berkowitz Ari , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Kellawan J. Mikhail
Published: June 2023

A monoexponential model characterizing cerebral blood velocity dynamics at the onset of exercise may mask dynamic responses by the cerebrovasculature countering large fluctuations of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a monoexponential model attributes initial fluctuations of MCAv at the start of exercise as a time delay (TD). Twenty‐three adults (10 women, 23.9 ± 3.3 yrs; 23.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2) completed 2 min of rest followed by 3 mins of recumbent cycling at 50 W. MCAv, CPP, and Cerebrovascular Conductance index (CVCi), calculated as CVCi = MCAv/MAP × 100 mmHg, were collected, a lowpass filter (0.2 Hz) was applied, and averaged into 3‐second bins. MCAv data were then fit to a monoexponential model [ΔMCAv(t) = Amp(1 – e−(t−TD)/τ)]. TD, tau (τ), and mean response time (MRT = TD + τ) were obtained from the model. Subjects exhibited a TD of 20.2 ± 18.1 s. TD was directly correlated with MCAv nadir (MCAvN), r = −0.560, p = 0.007, which occurred at similar times (16.5 ± 15.3 vs. 20.2 ± 18.1 s, p = 0.967). Regressions indicated CPP as the strongest predictor of MCAvN ( = 0.36). Fluctuations in MCAv were masked using a monoexponential model. To adequately understand cerebrovascular mechanisms during the transition from rest to exercise, CPP and CVCi must also be analyzed. A concurrent drop in cerebral perfusion pressure and middle cerebral artery blood velocity at the start of exercise forces the cerebrovasculature to respond to maintain cerebral blood flow. The use of a monoexponential model characterizes this initial phase as a time delay and masks this large important response.
Isometric contraction induces transient increase of REDD1 expression in non‐contracted muscles partly through glucocorticoids
Authors: Murakami Taro
Published: June 2023

This study investigated whether muscle contraction induces expression of regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1), a potent inhibitor of mTORC1, in mice muscle. Gastrocnemius muscle was unilaterally and isometrically contracted with electrical stimulation, and changes in muscle protein synthesis, mTORC1 signaling phosphorylation, and REDD1 protein, and mRNA were measured at time points of 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the contraction. At time point 0 and 3 h, muscle protein synthesis was blunted by the contraction, accompanied by a decrease in phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 at time point 0 h, suggesting suppression of mTORC1 was involved in blunting of muscle protein synthesis during and shortly after the contraction. REDD1 protein was not increased in the contracted muscle at these time points, but at time point 3 h, both REDD1 protein and mRNA were increased in the contralateral non‐contracted muscle. The induction of REDD1 expression in the non‐contracted muscle was attenuated by RU‐486, an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, suggesting that glucocorticoids are involved in this process. These findings suggest that muscle contraction induces temporal anabolic resistance in non‐contracted muscle, potentially increasing the availability of amino acids for contracted muscle, allowing for the synthesis of muscle protein.
Berufseinstiegsverläufe ‒ Eine vergleichende Untersuchung
Authors: Dorau Ralf
Published: June 2023

Ein entscheidender Übergang im Lebensverlauf ist der Einstieg in den Beruf nach Abschluss einer Ausbildung oder eines Studiums. Dieser gelingt allerdings nicht immer. Betrachtet man die berufliche Integration der Berufseinsteiger/-innen, sind etwa ein Drittel der Berufsverläufe in den ersten drei Jahren nach Abschluss (2006 bis 2008) prekär und fast 4 Prozent „entkoppelt“ (Castel), sieht man von denjenigen Verläufen ab, die von weiteren Bildungs-, Ausbildungs-, Elternzeiten oder sonstigen Phasen geprägt sind. Beim Vergleich verschiedener Abschlüsse zeigen sich deutlich erhöhte Anteile von Niedrigeinkommen und Entkopplung in den vollzeitschulischen Ausbildungen. Universitäre Abschlüsse sind besonders von befristeter Beschäftigung betroffen. Die Berufsverläufe nach dualem Abschluss entsprechen weitgehend dem Durchschnitt. Wird aber der Bildungsabschluss berücksichtigt, finden sich in den Berufseinstiegsverläufen kaum höhere Integrationsanteile als nach einer dualen Ausbildung. Die Region ist für akademische Abschlüsse unbedeutend, aber nach einer dualen Ausbildung sind die Verläufe in Ostdeutschland weniger integriert, eher entkoppelt und stärker von Niedrigeinkommen betroffen.
Ulrich von Hutten’s Partisanship in the Reuchlin Controversy (1514–1519): Determining Functions of “Invectivity” in Early Sixteenth-Century German Humanism
Authors: Dröse Albrecht , Kraus Marius
Published: June 2023

At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the controversy around the Hebraist Johannes Reuchlin rather quickly developed from a mere scholarly dispute into a mass media event. The German humanists played a large part in this, countering his supposed opponent, the Jewish convert Johannes Pfefferkorn, with a multitude of elaborate invectives, and acting as a vituperative community. Ulrich von Hutten participated particularly eagerly in the anti-Pfefferkorn discourse and was heavily involved in its satirical climax, the Epistolae obscurorum virorum. The concept of “invectivity” can provide a new heuristic focus for questions related to the function, effect and group dynamics of humanist invectives, especially in the example of Hutten, and help to better understand the complexity of this European media event.
Grobian Trouble: Grobianism and “Invectivity” in Thomas Murner and Martin Luther
Authors: Stauffer Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Thomas Murner’s verse satire Von dem grossen Lutherischen Narren (1522) and Martin Luther’s pamphlet Wider das Papsttum zu Rom, vom Teufel gestiftet (1545) are known as particularly grobian texts. This paper examines the grobian as a historically new key figure in these two pamphlets and views it in relation to the concept of “invectivity.” Both are performative, violent, and in need of an audience. Moreover, their shared epistemic function is to question the existing order. The grobian also shows the contagiousness of “invectivity”: both Murner and Luther profess grobianism – which they say they were forced into because their opponents adopted it. These attributions of grobianism raise the debate to the level of the metainvective. As a transmedial figure, the grobian helps to make debates about religious conflicts more figurative and visual. As a ridiculous figure, he challenges not only pejorative ridicule but also liberating laughter, and ex negativo demonstrates the utopia of polite behavior – thus going beyond “invectivity.”
“zu grob gewest”: Metainvective Communication in Confessional Disputes over Narration of the Saints in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Sablotny Antje
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to coarse uses of language as a subject of dispute in confessional controversies over legendary narration. Such metainvective forms of communication are systematized, and questioned with regard to their functions: in the Protestant Lügenden (word combination of “legend” and “lie,” lying legends) and their Catholic replies, the “true” faith and its defense are connected with communicative behavior. Whereas Lutherans are above all effective at adopting coarse speech and the metainvective reproach of lying, the Counter-Reformation argumentation develops the strategic potential of metainvective communication in very different ways. Metainvective statements become a weapon particularly when they are absorbed into figures of meta-metainvective, which not only display the coarse speech but reveal and then criticize the strategy behind it. The tension between polemical prefaces and annotated miracle narratives in the Lügenden as well as the thematic proliferation of the legend discussion in the Catholic reports and sermons are ultimately shown to be genre-dynamic effects of the use of metainvectives.
Strategic Planning in Emergency Management: Highlighting the Critical Role (and Impacts) of the Planning Process
Authors: Manning Scott Robert
Published: June 2023

Strategic planning is a critical element in the strategic management of any public organization, including local emergency management agencies (EMAs). However, while the importance of strategic planning in emergency management is well founded, even codified in the national standards, little is known empirically about its actual use, and even less is known about the impacts of the planning process on local programs. As such, this study examined the strategic planning practices of county-level EMAs throughout the United States, focusing on the strategic planning process and its underlying dimensions. A composite index for strategic planning comprehensiveness was developed, based on five planning process dimensions, and then analyzed to gauge its relative impacts on local program quality. The findings revealed that the strategic planning process had a direct and significant impact on the quality of local emergency management programs, with the regression model explaining about 60 % of the variance in the local program quality index scores.
Nonlinear three-dimensional stability characteristics of geometrically imperfect nanoshells under axial compression and surface residual stress
Authors: Atif Shahzad Muhammad , Safaei Babak , Sahmani Saeid , Basingab Mohammed Salem , Hameed Abdul Zubar
Published: June 2023

Through reduction of thickness value in nanostructures, the features of surface elasticity become more prominent due to having a high surface-to-volume ratio. The main aim of this research work was to examine the surface residual stress effect on the three-dimensional nonlinear stability characteristics of geometrically perfect and imperfect cylindrical shells at nanoscale under axial compression. To do so, an unconventional three-dimensional shell model was established via combination of the three-dimensional shell formulations and the Gurtin–Murdoch theory of elasticity. The silicon material is selected as a case study, which is the most utilized material in the design of micro-electromechanically systems. Then, the moving Kriging meshfree approach was applied to take numerically into account the surface free energy effects and the initial geometrical imperfection in the three-dimensional nonlinear stability curves. Accordingly, the considered cylindrical shell domain was discretized via a set of nodes together using the quadratic polynomial type of basis shape functions and an appropriate correlation function. It was found that the surface stress effects lead to an increase the critical axial buckling load of a perfect silicon nanoshell about

82.4
%

82.4 \%

for the shell thickness of

2
nm

2{\rm{nm}}

, about

32.4
%

32.4 \%

for the shell thickness of

5
nm

5{\rm{nm}}

, about

15.8
%

15.8 \%

for the shell thickness of

10
nm

10{\rm{nm}}

, and about

7.5
%

7.5 \%

for the shell thickness of

20
nm

20{\rm{nm}}

. These enhancements in the value of the critical axial buckling load for a geometrically imperfect silicon nanoshell become about

92.9
%

92.9 \%

for the shell thickness of

2
nm

2{\rm{nm}}

, about

36.5
%

36.5 \%

for the shell thickness of

5
nm

5{\rm{nm}}

, about

17.7
%

17.7 \%

for the shell thickness of

10
nm

10{\rm{nm}}

, and about

8.8
%

8.8 \%

for the shell thickness of

20
nm

20{\rm{nm}}

.
Mid vowels at the crossroads between standard and regional Italian
Authors: Vietti Alessandro , Mereu Daniela
Published: June 2023

The variety of Italian spoken in Bolzano (South Tyrol) represents a singular case in Italy, because it is not the result of a long-term contact between standard and Italo-Romance dialects but rather the outcome of a process of levelling and koineization. In such sociolinguistic scenario, it is interesting to study phonological variability in Bolzano Italian with the aim of understanding which language varieties have possibly played a role as models from a sociolinguistic point of view. The purpose of our exploratory study is to characterize this variety within the spectrum of variation between the standard and the regional norm. In our analysis, we will focus on the set of mid vowels as a window to understand which variety of Italian BI most closely resembles. Through a corpus-based analysis, we will investigate the phonological distribution of mid vowels (for both Italian and Tyrolean speakers), in order to explore whether it can be explained on the basis of a contextual or a lexical distribution.