bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compound physical and mechanical effects stimulating metastable diamond formation
Authors: Sobolev V.V , Kovrov O.S , Nalisko M.M , Bilan N.V , Tereshkova O.A
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To synthesize diamond polycrystals in a thermodynamically stable region, and to grow up a single crystal shell under conditions of thermodynamic metastability. To investigate some physical properties and features of the internal structure for synthesized single crystals for the development of new models and hypotheses regarding the issue of diamond genesis. Methodology. Experimental studies using shock-wave effects on a metal alloy containing non-diamond carbon. Methods of infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, isotope analysis, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and others are used. The synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond particles as nuclei for growing single crystals is carried out by the shock-wave method using profiled shock waves. Findings. A complex of physicochemical methods for studying the grown diamond monocrystals has been carried out. The reasons for the discrete growth of diamond and the retention of the central inclusion (a polycrystalline diamond of shock-wave origin) in the process of growth have been established and analyzed. It is shown that the discreteness of diamond formation is characteristic only for thermodynamically metastable conditions. The results of the experiments give grounds to make an assumption about the metastable growth, including of diamonds from primary deposits. Originality. The hypothesis has been developed concerning the origin of diamond nanoparticles in interstellar carbon clouds which refer exclusively to central polycrystalline inclusions in a monocrystal diamond shell. The hypothesis eliminates the scientific contradiction that arises in all cases when attempts are made to interpret the natural discreteness of diamond formation based on the regularities of the graphite-diamond state diagram. Possible causes of discrete diamond formation in nature and the scenario of the formation of diamond nanocrystals in an interstellar cloud of atomic carbon have been considered. Practical value. The value of the experimental research results refers to the development of a non-energy-intensive technology for the growing large diamond monocrystals at temperatures of 5001400 K, and pressures of 105107 Pa.
Methodological approach to economic analysis and control of enterprises under conditions of economic systems transformation
Authors: Viknianska A , Kharynovych-Yavorska D , Sahaidak M , Zhavoronok A , Filippov V
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To substantiate the methodological approach to the development of research components of the integrated system of complex economic analysis and internal control of the enterprise. Methodology. The main methods of this research are statistical methods, the latter being used for processing of statistic data; methods of formalization and mathematical simulation used for development of conceptual analysis base to control the enterprises activity. Findings. A complex model of diagnostics of enterprises activity in a competitive environment is proposed, which is based on the methodology of complex economic analysis with the use of financial and non-financial indicators. To assess the competitive advantages of the enterprise, we offer an algorithm to calculate an integrated indicator of the level of its competitiveness using a balanced scoring system. Originality. In the course of research, the scientific and methodological approach to a complex evaluation of influence of a research component on development of competitive strategy of the enterprise was developed. Unlike the existing ones, this approach involves: - development of an integrated system of complex economic analysis and internal control over business processes of enterprises with the use of modern information technologies, which allows assessing their competitiveness, forming a development strategy; - methodical procedures of internal control of the enterprise with the use of financial and operational budgets and management reports based on a balanced scoring system, using CVP-analysis, which allows forming flexible budgets. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by practitioners, scientists, government officials to monitor the development of the corporate architecture, to study enterprise development processes.
Barreras para la inclusión de los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, en la educación superior ecuatoriana
Authors: Mena-Chiluisa Leonor , Alulima Lidya
Published: August 2021

La educativa inclusiva a nivel general ha avanzado paulatinamente en la última década, diferentes políticas se han difundido para proteger a niños y adolescentes, principalmente para que puedan acceder a la educación. En el Ecuador se han emitido normativas tendientes a fomentar la inclusión en la educación, sin embargo, en el ámbito de la educación superior existen diferentes barreras que limitan el ingreso, permanencia y titulación de estudiantes con diferentes características y contextos.La UNESCO (2016), menciona que, para una educación inclusiva, se debe considerar que cada niño, tiene sus particularidades, características y requerimientos para aprender de forma diferente, debiendo los sistemas educativos tomar en cuenta estas características y adaptar de acuerdo con sus necesidades, aspectos que en el ámbito de la Educación Superior en el Ecuador casi pasa por desapercibido.En el Reglamento a la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior (2010) se menciona que la educación superior es indispensable para alcanzar una vida digna, respetando la interculturalidad, la diversidad y la convivencia armónica en el entorno. siendo necesario que las IES implementen mecanismos pertinentes para que estos estudiantes adquieran competencias, que les permitan desarrollarse en la vida cotidiana.Siendo necesario realizar un estudio de carácter cuali-cuantitativo, con la participación de docentes de diferentes IES., que permita verificar la situación de los estudiantes con NEE en las IESS, planteándose el Objetivo General: determinar las barreras para la inclusión que afrontan los estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales en la Educación Superior. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta con el instrumento el cuestionario en Google Forms para la recolección de datos. Los resultados refieren en primera instancia la exclusión que son sujeto los discentes, así como la limitada difusión de las políticas inclusivas generadas en diferentes Normativas Legales, lo que ocasiona un proceso de aprendizaje sin diferenciación, sin adaptaciones curriculares, siendo factores preponderantes para que abandonen sus estudios universitarios.
Gestión en la Educación Inclusiva y su influencia en el aprendizaje en los estudiantes de segundo de básica
Authors: Rivera-Heredia Yessenia , Calderero-Iturralde Romy
Published: August 2021

El trabajo de las instituciones educativas ante la enseñanza inclusiva es exhausto, sin embargo, existen aspectos que deben ser muy considerados al momento de abordar esta temática en el aula, erradicando la discriminación educativa en niños que presentan discapacidad o dificultades en el aprendizaje, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en determinar el accionar frente a las situaciones que se presentan en la clase. Se revisaron documentos de las bases de datos de información científica Ebsco y Scopus. Para el efecto, se usaron los lineamientos de Granada, Pomés y Sanhueza (2013), así mejorar la elección y análisis de la literatura. Se consultaron cincuenta artículos académicos, de los cuales se excluyeron veintitrés porque no se ajustaban a la influencia de la gestión educativa en el aprendizaje, de manera que el estudio se limitó a veintisiete artículos comprendidos entre años 2007-2020. En la búsqueda de la información se utilizaron los descriptores: actitud de los profesores, inclusión educativa, experiencias pedagógicas inclusivas. Considerando que se usó las metodologías explicativas, descriptivas y cualitativas en el análisis de documentos. Se concluye que la gestión que se realiza en la educación inclusiva y la actitud de los docentes, sí influyen en la mejora continua del desarrollo académico del educando y su entorno escolar, brindando una educación de calidad.
Creación de un banco genómico de esperma para la conservación de la rana coronada (Triprion spinosus)
Authors: Rodríguez Karina , Arcia Igli , Della Togna Gina
Published: August 2021

Una rápida disminución de la diversidad de especies de anfibios que se ha producido en todo el mundo en las últimas décadas requiere medidas de conservación inmediata y eficientes. La rana arbórea coronada (Anotheca spinosa). La especie está siendo afectada por el hongo causante de la quitridiomicosis (Bd). Los bancos genómicos (GRB) funcionan como pólizas de seguro para las especies en peligro Los GRB se pueden utilizar para almacenar germoplasma de poblaciones amenazadas, con la intención deliberada de utilizarlos en un programa de reproducción en el futuro. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un protocolo de estimulación hormonal y criopreservación de esperma para la conservación de la Rana Coronada (Anotheca spinosa). Se aplicó la estimulación hormonal en 35 machos de A. spinosa. Los tratamientos fueron aplicados vía intraperitoneal. Se tomaron muestras de 8 individuos por tratamiento. La colecta de la orina espermática se llevó a cabo insertando un catéter en la cloaca. Para establecer las curvas de concentración espermática y los picos de producción para cada hormona, las muestras fueron colectadas 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 24, 28 y 48 h post-estimulación. Los tratamientos hormonales utilizados fueron: 1, 2 o 4 μg/gpc del agonista de la hormona liberadora de la gonadotropina GnRH-des- Gly10, D-Ala6 , Pro-NHEt9; 5 y 10 IU/gpc hormona gonadotrópica humana (hCG). Como controles se utilizó orina obtenida sin estimulación hormonal y controles de orina de animales inyectados con Amphibian Ringer Solution (ARS). Para cada una de las colectas se procedió a evaluar la calidad espermática en términos de concentración, osmolalidad, pH, volumen, porcentaje de motilidad, porcentaje de movimiento progresivo y morfología). Los resultados indican que para la especie A. espinosa todos los tratamientos hormonales estimularon la producción de esperma, sin embargo, los tratamientos con 1 y 4 μg/gpc GnRH no fueron diferentes a los controles.
Impacto de la cobertura boscosa y uso de suelo sobre la textura y conductividad hidráulica del suelo en la subcuenca del río Estibaná
Authors: González Alexandra , Rodríguez Gerald , Fábrega Duque José
Published: August 2021

La subcuenca del río Estibaná, está ubicada en la provincia de Los Santos, siendo el principal afluente del río La Villa. Se caracteriza por tener precipitaciones promedio de 1400 mm/ año y décadas de una intensa degradación ambiental producto de la actividad agropecuaria de forma extensiva, hacen de ésta, una zona atractiva para estudiar el impacto de estas prácticas sobre la textura de suelo y la conductividad hidráulica. De allí, que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar estos impactos a través de las clases texturales y estimación de infiltración. La metodología consistió en tomar muestras de suelo en 54 puntos del área de estudio, para la determinación de su textura por el método de Bouyoucos. Igualmente se realizaron estimaciones de tasa de infiltración, mediante la utilización de un infiltrómetro tipo Minidisk. Los datos resultantes fueron analizados con herramientas informáticas como programas en R para la obtención del triángulo de textura bajo los parámetros del USDA, el software MACROS (conductividad hidráulica) y ArcGis (SIG). Las clases texturales con mayor distribución espacial sobre la subcuenca fueron: franco arenoso (35.9%) y franco (19.3%). Estos resultados, según el Soil Survey Division Staff de los Estados Unidos, representan valores altos (43%) y moderadamente altos (55%). Estos valores indican que los suelos encontrados poseen la capacidad de cumplir su función de conductividad hidráulica. Sin embargo, el mal uso de suelo y cobertura boscosa, puede reduce considerablemente las zonas con conductividades altas como lo es la parte media de la subcuenca.
Evaluación del potencial de lodos orgánicos carbonizados de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el mejoramiento de suelos
Authors: Sánchez Graciela , Ramírez Joisleen , James Arthur , Deago Euclídes , Villarreal José
Published: August 2021

En Panamá, los lodos orgánicos de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) no se utilizan en su totalidad. La carbonización de estos lodos se presenta como una alternativa para la gestión de este residuo orgánico. La carbonización de la biomasa produce un material rico en carbono conocido como biocarbón. Además del contenido de carbono, este material contiene nutrientes que podrían mejorar las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo y proporcionar porosidad que mejoraría la retención de agua y nutrientes. En Panamá, el 27% de los suelos están degradados debido a prácticas irregulares de aplicación de fertilizantes y pesticidas. Las áreas más críticas de degradación del suelo son Cerro Punta, Comarca Ngöbe Buglé, la Sabana Central Veragüense y el Arco Seco. El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar la producción de biocarbón utilizando mezclas de cáscara de arroz y biosólidos de una PTAR. Se utilizaron mezclas de 85%, 75%, 65% y 55% de lodos orgánicos, y el porcentaje restante representó la cantidad de cascarilla de arroz para cada mezcla. Los resultados mostraron la necesidad de agregar materia volátil a la mezcla para el correcto funcionamiento del reactor. La mezcla de 75% de lodo orgánico y 25% de cáscara de arroz produjo biocarbón con el mayor potencial para mejorar las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo. Presentó un pH de 12,25 y una productividad de 35,48%. El uso de materia orgánica procedente de residuos carbonizados se proyecta como una alternativa para mejorar los suelos degradados y promover una economía circular y un desarrollo sostenible.
Determinación de los potenciales evocados visuales en el personal administrativo con hipertensión de la Universidad de Panamá
Authors: Obando Xavier , Calvo Oris
Published: August 2021

Los potenciales evocados visuales (PEV), son señales bioeléctricas generadas en la corteza estriada y extraestriada cuando la retina es estimulada con luz o mediante cambios de patrones proyectados por una pantalla. En la actualidad los PEV son utilizados principalmente como una herramienta valiosa para determinar lesiones ocultas de la vía visual. Algunos estudios recientes realizados en países asiáticos han mostrado hallazgos que sugieren que la hipertensión afecta la conducción nerviosa de la vía visual y que puede ser detectada con anticipación por medio del empleo de los potenciales evocados visuales. En Panamá no hay estudios realizados que sustenten la información que nos proporciona la teoría, por lo que se pretende con este estudio determinar los PEV para proporcionar información importante sobre los valores obtenidos con relación a su estado de salud que puedan alterar la vía nerviosa visual, siendo la hipertensión el principal motivo de estudio. La realización de los PEV se realizó en el Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, con el equipo Neurowerk – SIGMA. Resultados preliminares muestran que no hubo variación de las latencias obtenidas entre los sujetos controles e hipertensos. En cuanto a la amplitud si se observó una ligera disminución en los sujetos hipertensos. La información obtenida en esta investigación se utilizará para proporcionar datos de los valores de los potenciales evocados visuales a aplicables a la población panameña; además de proporcionar un tratamiento y seguimiento adecuado a las personas con hipertensión para evitar las lesiones en la vía visual.
Prototipo inalámbrico para carga de vehículos
Authors: Martínez Andrés , González Christian , Von Chong Alejandro
Published: August 2021

La transferencia inalámbrica de potencia (WPT) es una solución atractiva para cargar vehículos eléctricos, cuya demanda aumentará con la Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad Eléctrica en Panamá. Sin embargo, un factor que la afecta negativamente es el desalineamiento entre las bobinas transmisora y receptora, pues provoca la disminución de la potencia transferida. Buscando mitigar este problema, se presenta el diseño y construcción de un prototipo de cargador inalámbrico para caracterizar los efectos del desalineamiento, empleando un inversor medio puente y bobinas con compensación serie-serie. Un microcontrolador es utilizado para suplir y monitorear señales de alta frecuencia. Se utilizó una resistencia como carga. Los resultados muestran que, al operar el sistema a la frecuencia de resonancia, se maximiza la transferencia de potencia y no existe desfase entre las ondas de voltaje y corriente. Por otro lado, al crear desalineamientos controlados en las bobinas, hay un cambio en la frecuencia de resonancia del sistema y se origina un desfase proporcional en las ondas mencionadas.
Tolerance to acute ischemia in adult male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Bešík J , Szarszoi O , Kuneš J , Netuka I , Malý J , Kolář F , Pirk J , Ošťádal B
Published: August 2021

Clinical and experimental studies have repeatedly indicated that overloaded hearts have a higher vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to answer the question whether the degree of tolerance to oxygen deprivation in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) may be sex-dependent. For this purpose, adult SHR and their normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used. The isolated hearts were perfused according to Langendorff at constant pressure (proportionally adjusted to the blood pressure in vivo). Recovery of contractile parameters (left ventricular systolic, diastolic and developed pressure as well as the peak rate of developed pressure) was measured during reperfusion after 20 min of global no-flow ischemia in 5 min intervals. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured by direct puncture of carotid artery under light ether anesthesia in a separate group of animals. The degree of hypertension was comparable in both sexes of SHR. The recovery of contractile functions in SHR males and females was significantly lower than in WKY rats during the whole investigated period. There was no sex difference in the recovery of WKY animals; on the other hand, the recovery was significantly better in SHR females than in SHR males. It may be concluded that the hearts of female SHR are more resistant to ischemia/reperfusion injury as compared with male SHR. This fact could have important clinical implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in women.
On certain terms and definitions in the legislation on gender equality
Authors: Paliy N. O.
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the issues of defining terms (concepts and definitions) in gender legislation. The author pays special attention to the definition of the term «vulnerable groups» and the definition of «women from vulnerable groups».The purpose of the study is to analyze certain terms and get acquainted with international experience in order to use certain initiatives in Ukrainian legislation to achieve gender equality. The term of vulnerable groups exists in everyday life,but there is no unified term and a clear understanding of what categories are attributed to women from vulnerable groups.

Existing research, current Ukrainian and European legislation, and international human rights practice conclude that it is vulnerable groups of populations are most prone to discrimination. For such categories of persons, discrimination may contain signs of plurality, namely exacerbated by signs of ethnicity, disability, age, and so on.

Scrutinize approach to determining the criteria for women’s vulnerability will allow to provide better social services that will be targeted at certain categories of people to achieve the best results.

It is important to develop comprehensive measures that address the problems and needs of certain categories of people and groups. The introduction of targeted approaches to implement the specific needs of each group are necessary measures.

In the course of the research the Ukrainian legislation and international practice on defining the term vulnerable categories of persons and women from vulnerable groups were analyzed.

Ensuring equality of rights is especially important for women from vulnerable groups. Therefore, determining which categories of women can be classified as «vulnerable» is a necessary component of the legal framework.The practical significance of this article is the need to determine the category of women from vulnerable groups and vulnerability criteria. A clear normative definition will provide a better understanding of the needs of such groups and take special measures to ensure their rights in a targeted and effective manner.

Keywords: women from vulnerable groups, legislation on gender equality, vulnerable categories of persons, terms in gender legislation.
Interpretation of Legal Norms as an Optional Component of the Legal Regulation Mechanism
Authors: Tarakchonych T. I.
Published: August 2021

The article draws a special attention to the definition of such important categories of legal science as «interpretation of legal norms», «mechanism of legal regulation», «stages of legal regulation mechanism».

The particular attention is paid to the understanding of the mechanism of legal regulation and its stages. The mandatory and optional stages of the legal regulation mechanism is distinguished. It is emphasized that the mandatory stage provides for the need to regulate certain social relations, which, first of all, are modeled, detected and implemented in certain subjective rights and legal obligations. The optional stage includes the necessity for an official interpretation of the legal norm in the process of its application. The place and role of interpretation of the rules of law in the mechanism of legal regulation have been determined.

The article defines that the interpretation of legal norms is a process of clarifying of the content of the rule of law by the relevant subjects in order to ensure an unambiguous understanding of the content, its accurate and balanced application by both authorized and relevant entities in specific legal relations.

The research at the general theoretical and methodological level distinguishes the essence and peculiarities of interpretation of legal norms, functional orientation, methods and means of its implementation. It is noted that the interpretation of legal norms ensures an unambiguous understanding of the rule of law, has an informational orientation and forms the legal consciousness of the subjects, the motivation for their behavior, is the basic basis for the development of the legal culture of society, the determinant of legal influence and the basis for improving legal regulation. The article states that the interpretation of legal norms has an important place in the mechanism of legal regulation along with its other components. It is characterized by the fact that it is carried out by analyzing of legal norms through a system of legal assessments, views, ideas, etc.

Keywords: legal norm, interpretation of legal norms, functions of interpretation of legal norms, legal regulation,mechanism of legal regulation, stages of legal regulation mechanism
Interpretation in modern legal literature on the functioning of private and public law
Authors: Teremtsova N. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is concerned with problem of interpretation the public and private law. At the beginning of the article the author describes the imperfection of approaches to differentiation.The article examines the topical issue of general theory of law, which contains a delicate phenomenon that has existed for a long time, but during all this time has not developed a common understanding of its basic parameters, and therefore remain controversial theoretical foundations for construction and operation. Its existence raises a number of very important questions about properties for the legal community. At the moment it is not possible to assert the presence of the same understanding of the essence of separation of the right to private and public. Different scientific schools actually offer his vision within the Ukrainian legal system and traditional doctrine. It would be wise to mention here at the present stage of development of legal matter, it is necessary to make some adjustments to the traditional theory of law, as well as some provisions of the law regarding the division of law into private and public. In brief each new field studied by scientists is a legal phenomenon, but when applying general theoretical conclusions to it, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the object under study in terms of the general theory of law. To conclude a pattern that allows to establish two objectively independent branches of law, linking them to the manifestations of public and private foundations, and to represent the spread of rights to private and public, as it is not just a classification, but conceptual, concerning the most fundamental rights of each place and role in human life, its defined values, continues in the theory of law today.

Keywords: public law, private law, legal system, legal science, branches of law.

References
The concept of «liberties» in the Ukrainian legal tradition and legal documents of the XV – early XX centuries
Authors: Khudoyar L. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the legal aspect of the concept of «liberties» in the historical and legal reality of the XV – early XX centuries. Researchers’ interpretations of the meaning of the concept of «liberties» of the Middle Ages and the Cossack-Hetman era are considered. An attempt has been made to consider the notion of «liberties» in relation to the notion of «rights» and the legal tradition of the time. It is noted that by the eighteenth century. the actual meaning of the concept of «liberties» was the legal status of a person, group of persons, full status, as well as the legal regime of the territory.

The concept of «liberties» for five hundred years reflected the dynamics of social values by enshrining them in legal documents and the rule of law. This concept has evolved in accordance with the transformations of legal reality and legal life of society, the genesis of legal understanding, the development of legal terminology and the conceptual apparatus. The course of the struggle of the Ukrainian population for their rights and freedoms led to the dominance of the problem of rights and freedoms in the legal consciousness and in the legal life of the then Ukrainian society. The meaning of the concept of «liberties» was formed as a result of a combination in the minds of the people of the Western philosophical tradition, religious, spiritual and legal values and ideology of the then Ukrainian politicum. For a long period from XV to XVIII centuries. in fact, the meaning of the concept of «liberties» was the legal status (scope of rights and freedoms) of a person, group of persons, estates, as well as the legal regime of the territory. In the early twentieth century. the concept of «liberties» was included in the texts of the constitutional acts of the UPR. This is explained, in our opinion, by two reasons: the authors’ attempt to emphasize the longevity and continuity of the national legal tradition and the imperfection of the terminology and the then conceptual apparatus of legal science. However, other variants of the meaning of the concept of «liberties» are not excluded, in particular, in the understanding of the political rights of a particular community. This question requires further, deeper research.

Keywords: liberties, law, freedom, Ukrainian legal tradition, legal status of the Ukrainian population, legal regime of the territory of residence of the Ukrainian population, legal values
Human rights in a democratic society
Authors: Chepurchenko T. O.
Published: August 2021

The basic law of our state, which has constitutionally declared itself to be legal and democratic, contains a provision according to which a person is recognized as the highest social value. In view of this, the article characterizes the understanding and content of human rights in a democratic development. It is noted that democratic values are based on human rights and freedoms, which are an integral part of law and legislation. The law must be legal. It is not so if it contradicts fundamental human rights: it does not reflect natural and legal principles; does not comply with generally accepted international legal principles and norms on human and civil rights, etc.These aspects characterize the content of human rights in a democracy.

It is emphasized that democracy is first of all a system of carefully prepared and strictly observed laws that regulate all spheres of life of the state, guarantee the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Therefore, the development and strengthening of a democratic, social, legal state is impossible without the establishment of human rights and freedoms. The existence of human rights and freedoms and their guarantee are a kind of external method of limiting power, which always seeks to self-expand and strengthen its presence in all spheres of human life.

Under the normal interaction of power and law, which is quite natural in a democratic society and state system, thereis their mutual enrichment. It is then that the provisions and formulas on the «rule of law», «rule of law», «rule of law» acquire real significance.

A political regime will be democratic only if it represents the interests of the general population. The political elite must rule in the interests of the majority of society, not for the benefit of the privileged minority. Democracy is based on the value of every human being, so it strives to create civilized living conditions for all citizens.

In conclusion, the thesis is emphasized that human rights are a universal category that originates from the very nature of man and his ability to enjoy the basic, most important benefits and conditions of safe, free existence of the individual in society.

Keywords: power, democracy, democratic values, law, rule of law, human rights and freedoms.
Teoh’s case on legitimate expectations in interpretation of international treaties. Lessons for Ukraine
Authors: Zvieriev Ie. O.
Published: August 2021

The article provides a detailed overview of a famous Teoh’s case decided by High Court of Australia in 1995,

focusing mainly on the issue of legal interpretation of legitimate expectations arising from ratified international treaties not implemented into the domestic legal system. The abovementioned case has been considered a novel approach of the court acting in dualist state. This approach was, however not upheld in further jurisprudence of the Australian High Court namely due to quite harsh response of administrative bodies and subsequent legislation which has further been adopted to specifically address this issue by Australian parliament. This does not, however deny the case’s significance in terms of scholarly attention to interpretation issues it has raised.

Ukraine can view this case as an example as it does have its own problems with the status and interpretation of international treaties in domestic legal system. Unlike common law countries adhering to dualist approach to international law reception, Ukrainian Constitution recognizes ratified international treaties to be part of domestic legislation automatically, however it is silent on the status of these treaties in Ukrainian domestic legislation which at times causes certain problems with their interpretation and implementation.

The article makes a try to solve the abovementioned issues by referring future interpreters to an alternative approach of international treaties’ interpretation to Article 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine dealing with the rule of law principle. It is the author’s position stipulated in the article that applying Article 8 in terms of the interpretation of international treaties in Ukrainian domestic law enriches the argumentation and shall be viewed as primary source of application to the issue.

Keywords: international treaties, interpretation, legitimate expectations, priority of international treaties, Australia, migration law, children’s rights.
The importance of law practice in achieving legal certainty regarding the grounds for disciplinary liability of a judge
Authors: Malashenkova T. M.
Published: August 2021

In order to overcome the relevant problem, the Law of Ukraine «On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges» significantly changed both the grounds for bringing a judge to disciplinary responsibility and the grounds for applying the most severe measure of such responsibility – dismissal of a judge. The level of detailing of such grounds is quite high, both in terms of the certainty of such grounds, and in terms of proportionality between the type of disciplinary misconduct and the type of penalty to be applied for it.

At the same time, the results of the analysis of the relevant legal provisions shows that they are not devoid of evaluative, vague concepts, such as «gross disregard for the duties of a judge», «gross violation of the law», «gross negligence», «significant negative consequences». Thus, the question arises whether the problem of uncertainty of the grounds for disciplinary liability of a judge has been conceptually resolved, or whether the relevant problem continues to exist despite significant legislative detail of the relevant grounds. Resolving this issue is the purpose of this article.

The existence of wording in the legislation that does not meet the requirements of legal certainty, such as «gross negligence», «gross violation of the law» carries certain risks to the independence of judges, but the existence of such risks can not be considered a reason for the law refused to use them. This is due to the objective impossibility of formulating in the law an absolutely exhaustive list of grounds for disciplinary liability in general and grounds for dismissal of a judge in particular.

Critical is the issue of forming a consistent practice of the disciplinary body, which would, firstly, form the criteria for understanding vague concepts, and secondly, would not allow different approaches to responding to the same misconduct of a judge.

Keywords: disciplinary liability of a judge, grounds for disciplinary liability, legal certainty, evaluation concepts.
Ensuring the exercise of the right to access to justice as a mandatory attribute of a constitutional state
Authors: Sverba Y. І.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes both the positive and negative obligations of the state regarding the right to access to justice. Based on the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial, emphasis on the need for real justice in constitutional state, as well as ensuring its accessibility, is made.

Some aspects of the European Court of Human Rights case-law in the field of access to justice are considered. It is also hypothesized that the ECtHR case-law ensures the dynamic development of the European Convention on Human Rights provisions. In particular, the article analyses several ECtHR decisions which explicitly state that the Convention is intended to guarantee not theoretical and illusory, but practical and effective rights («Matthews v. The United Kingdom», «Bellet v. France and others»).

The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is studied, which, inter alia, reveals the special role of constitutional and administrative proceedings in ensuring the rule of law. The obligation of the state to ensure equal access to justice is stated, since the purpose of justice is to protect violated, disputed rights, freedoms that belong directly to the person applying to the court for their protection. Therefore, the exercise of the right guaranteed by part two of Article 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine to appeal court decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power must be ensured in accordance with the stated purpose of justice. At the same time, this right connects to the opportunity of every person to justify before the court conviction in the illegality of interference by the subjects of power in rights and freedoms concerned.

The article analyses the decision of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, which reveals the legal nature of ensuring access to justice in criminal, or administrative offenses.

It is stated that the attributes of the rule of law are not limited to the justice and access to it, and their autonomous existence is impossible in a society where other democratic institutions do not work.

Keywords: the rule of law, justice, access to justice, constitutional state, human rights, legal aid.
Approval of the principles of a democratic political regime in the constitutional process of modern Ukraine
Authors: Skrypniuk O. O.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the establishment of the principles of a democratic political regime. The realization of the constitutional process is given by the state-building and law-making chance for the modernization of the constitutional order, which opens a perspective for the development of civil society-oriented civil society-oriented civil society. The process of democratization at the present stage is associated with a significant improvement in the system of organization and interaction of certain elements of the branches of government and the improvement of the form of government. Today, it is a recognized fact that there is a close connection between the form of government and the democratic political regime. The article maintains the idea that a democratic political regime is unthinkable outside the interaction between the state and civil society. Civil society is becoming a positive, constructive force, which can limit the state with its independence, and therefore is extremely important for the development of democracy, because it is able to limit the arbitrariness of the state and retranslate the relations to the public. Under a democratic political regime, the parameters and limits of state intervention are determined by the needs of civil society. In this context, constitutional changes should relate to changes in the constitutional system – a category that includes the basics of state and social order of Ukraine.

Keywords: Ukraine, democracy, democratic political regime, constitutional process, form of government, civil society, state.
Interpretation of law as a form of implementation of the constitutional and legal policy of the state
Authors: Ternavska V. M.
Published: August 2021

The interpretation of law plays a special role in the process of legal communication. Subjects of law, entering into legal relations of a certain type, interpret the content of legal norms already at the subconscious level with the aim of better satisfying their subjective rights, realization of legitimate interests and the proper implementation of legal obligations. The rule of law has general and abstract character that permit to cover a large number of specific situations, but which always differ in their individuality, their personalized nature. Taking into account this, as well as the existing shortcomings of the rule-making process, such as the presence of the vast majority of blanket and reference norms in constitutional law and non-compliance with the rules of legal technique, resulting in difficulty of expression or lack of normative definition of special legal terms, there is a need for interpretation of legal acts.

The article is devoted to determining the nature of the interpretation of law and its role in the implementation of the constitutional and legal policy of the state. Various methodological aspects of the concept of legal interpretation and techniques of interpretation of law, as well as the criteria of truth and correctness of interpretation of law in the process of learning the content of legal norms are studied. The ratio of the categories «legal interpretive policy» and «legal interpretive form of legal policy implementation» is analyzed.

It is concluded that the state-authorized subjects of legal interpretation, based on legal doctrine, form a legal interpretive policy aimed at developing a strategy and tactics for unification of legal ideas on adequate and uniform understanding and application of norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and other legal acts by all subjects of constitutional law. The means of achieving the goals of legal interpretive policy and fulfilling its tasks are legal doctrine, legal interpretation technique, interpretive practice, information resources and legal interpretative acts.

Legal interpretive policy gives grounds to single out legal interpretation as an independent form of implementation of constitutional and legal policy along with law enforcement form, which is important for proper protection of human rights and freedoms, development of civil society and principles of sovereignability of the Ukrainian state on the basis of their equal understanding and application.

Keywords: interpretation of law, legal interpretative acts, legal interpretive technique, constitutional and legal policy, legal interpretive policy.
Short- and Long-Term Straw Mulching and Subsoiling Affect Soil Water, Photosynthesis, and Water Use of Wheat and Maize
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Wu Jicheng , Du Yan-Lei , Gao Cuimin , Pan Xiaoying , Tang Darrell W. S. , van der Ploeg Martine
Published: August 2021

Water shortages and rainfall variability lead to a decrease in grain yield. Straw mulching (SM), subsoiling (S), and combined amendments (subsoiling + straw mulching, SS) are potential solutions for maintaining crop productivity and water resource sustainability. However, short- and long-term applications of these methods appear to result in different yield and water use efficiency outcomes. In this study, we, therefore, compared short- and long-term applications of SM, S, and SS, with a control. We analyzed field experimental data of wheat and maize cultivation with control (conventional tillage), SM, S, and SS treatments to assess the impact on yield and water use efficiency, resulting from short- and long-term applications of these practices. The results show that SS treatment led to higher soil water storage (SWS) compared with other treatments during the regreening, jointing, and booting stages of wheat, and the big bellmouth and filling stages of maize in the short- and long-term experiments. However, long-term SS treatment also led to higher SWS in the growth stage of wheat in 2015–2016 and in the growth stage of maize in 2015. Additionally, SS treatment was conducive to raising the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE) of wheat compared with other treatments in 2015 and 2016. Conversely, Pn and LWUE of maize under S and SS treatments were higher (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments in the two studied years. Short-term treatment led to higher wheat yield compared with long term in 2014–2015 (ample rainfall) and of maize in 2016 (low rainfall). The yield of wheat under long-term S treatment in 2015 was 9625.-kg hm−2, which was the highest (P < 0.05) in 2 years, with a 17.7% increase compared with the control, followed by short-term S treatment. However, the water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat under long-term SS treatment in 2016 was the highest (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. The yield of maize under SM and S treatments was higher than other treatments, whereas the WUE of maize under long-term SS treatment in 2016 was still the highest (P < 0.05). Our findings provide evidence that S and SS treatments improve both crop productivity and water resource sustainability, and long-term application resulted in higher productivity than short-term application.
Peptimetric: Quantifying and Visualizing Differences in Peptidomic Data
Authors: Hartman Erik , Mahdavi Simon , Kjellström Sven , Schmidtchen Artur
Published: August 2021

Finding new sustainable means of diagnosing and treating diseases is one of the most pressing issues of our time. In recent years, several endogenous peptides have been found to be both excellent biomarkers for many diseases and to possess important physiological roles which may be utilized in treatments. The detection of peptides has been facilitated by the rapid development of biological mass spectrometry and now the combination of fast and sensitive high resolution MS instruments and stable nano HP-LC equipment sequences thousands of peptides in one single experiment. In most research conducted with these advanced systems, proteolytically cleaved proteins are analyzed and the specific peptides are identified by software dedicated for protein quantification using different proteomics workflows. Analysis of endogenous peptides with peptidomics workflows also benefit from the novel sensitive and advanced instrumentation, however, the generated peptidomic data is vast and subsequently laborious to visualize and examine, creating a bottleneck in the analysis. Therefore, we have created Peptimetric, an application designed to allow researchers to investigate and discover differences between peptidomic samples. Peptimetric allows the user to dynamically and interactively investigate the proteins, peptides, and some general characteristics of multiple samples, and is available as a web application at https://peptimetric.herokuapp.com. To illustrate the utility of Peptimetric, we’ve applied it to a peptidomic dataset of 15 urine samples from diabetic patients and corresponding data from healthy subjects.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Against DOX-Induced Heart Failure Through the miR-100-5p/NOX4 Pathway
Authors: Zhong Zhenglong , Tian Yuqing , Luo Xiaoming , Zou Jianjie , Wu Lin , Tian Julong
Published: August 2021

The end result of a variety of cardiovascular diseases is heart failure. Heart failure patients’ morbidity and mortality rates are increasing year after year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-EVs) have recently been discovered to be an alternative treatment for heart failure, according to recent research. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms in which HucMSC-EVs inhibited doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure in AC16 cells. An miR-100-5p inhibitor and an miR-100-5p mimic were used to transfect HucMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. HucMSC-EVs were isolated and purified using the ultracentrifugation method. AC16 cells were treated with DOX combined with HucMSC-EVs or an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor or EV miR-100-5-p mimic. ROS levels were measured by a flow cytometer. The levels of LDH, SOD, and MDA were measured by biochemical methods. Apoptotic cells were assessed by a flow cytometer. Cleaved-caspase-3 and NOX4 protein expression were determined by Western blot. The experiment results showed that HucMSC-EVs inhibited DOX-induced increased levels of ROS, LDH, and MDA, and decreased levels of SOD which were reversed by an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor, while EV miR-100-5-p mimic had a similar effect to HucMSC-EVs. At the same time, HucMSC-EV-inhibited DOX induced the increases of apoptotic cells as well as NOX4 and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression, which were reversed by an EV miR-100-5-p inhibitor. Furthermore, the NOX4 expression was negatively regulated by miR-100-5p. Overexpression of NOX4 abolished the effects in which HucMSC-EVs inhibited DOX-induced ROS, oxidative stress, and apoptosis increases. In conclusion, these results indicate that HucMSC-EVs inhibit DOX-induced heart failure through the miR-100-5p/NOX4 pathway.