bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A game proposal to develop Computational Thinking and environmental awareness
Authors: Pires Fernanda , Honda Fabrizio F. , Silva Guibson , Melo Rafaela , De Freitas Rosiane , Pessoa Marcela
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: Discussions around the development of Computational Thinking have demanded efforts to propose methods, techniques and tools that can assist in this process, especially in the school context. This paper deals with the development of an educational game with the theme "Environment and Sustainability" involving the pillars of Computational Thinking. OBJECTIVE: The game aims to assist the development of Computational Thinking by solving the problems to be solved in the missions of the heroine Sofia. The proposal for creating the game points out ways to create tools that work across curriculum themes. Tactics usually incorporated into the algorithmic language that permeate the problem solving processes in Computer Science be used. METHOD: The creation of the game followed a development process based on agile methodologies. The human cognitive structure was considered together with the intertwining between the games and the four pillars of Computational Thinking for the composition of an architecture applied to the game map. RESULTS: The evaluation of the game map regarding the "algorithmization" of the phases fulfilled the requirements regarding the location of the pillars (Decomposition, Pattern, Abstraction and Algorithm). The game, as an entertainment product, was evaluated using the E-Game Flow which pointed to acceptance by the evaluators (undergraduate students in the Computing area) and some suggestions for improvement were recorded. CONCLUSION: Games are presented as an important tool regarding the development process of Computational Thinking considering the engagement they can cause in their users and the possibilities of using their mechanics for directed learning.
Proposição de um Modelo de Gerenciamento de Projetos para Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME)
Authors: De Souza Rodrigo Menezes , Dos Santos Taina Alves , Maccari Emerson Antonio , Mazieri Marcos Rogerio
Published: June 2020

Objetivo do estudo: propor um modelo de gerenciamento de projetos adequado ao contexto de pequenas e médias empresas (PME).Metodologia/abordagem: por meio de estudo bibliométrico, associado à análise lexical, com classificação hierárquica descendente (CHD), foram realizados levantamentos de publicações sobre o tema e de inferências estatísticas dos textos, a fim de encontrar padrões de correspondência entre as palavras e as frases, para analisar, com clareza, os conceitos envolvidos.Principais resultados: a pesquisa permite entender melhor o gerenciamento de projetos nas PME, pois destacou, dos modelos utilizados, características relativas à inovação, ao foco no cliente, às pessoas, à desburocratização, à flexibilidade e à gestão por profissionais não especialistas. A conclusão apontou a necessidade de simplificação e de baixo custo para a implementação desses modelos em tais organizações.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: este estudo contribuiu com a evolução da literatura e do modelo pré-existente, de Kozlowski e Matejun (2016), oferecendo aos sócios proprietários de PME a clareza na implementação de novos projetos.Relevância/originalidade: são relevantes a descoberta de novas características, de processos e de benefícios, o que possibilita às PME se antecipar aos problemas; e o desenvolvimento de competências no gerenciamento de projetos e na gestão do negócio.Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: a aplicação de um modelo de gerenciamento de projetos, para PME, flexível a diversos contextos e motivações, agregando valor a essas organizações, em termos de planejamento, de execução e de clareza dos resultados.
Priorização de Stakeholders em Empresas Familiares: Um Ensaio Teórico
Authors: Barakat Simone Ruchdi , Parente Tobias Coutinho , Sarturi Greici
Published: June 2020

Objetivo do estudo: identificar os fatores que influenciam a priorização de stakeholders em empresas familiares.Metodologia/Abordagem: para a condução do estudo, foi desenvolvido um ensaio teórico, baseado no “modelo de saliência de stakeholders”, que aborda critérios de priorização, e no “modelo de três círculos”, que apresenta as interseções entre família, gestão e propriedade, peculiares em empresas familiares.Principais resultados: os resultados apontam a saliência de três grupos de stakeholders internos na empresa familiar (o fundador, os membros da próxima geração e os funcionários sem vínculo familiar), a partir dos atributos de poder, de legitimidade e de urgência, e considerando a simultaneidade dos papéis desempenhados.Contribuições teóricas: o estudo contribui para a gestão e a priorização de stakeholders, por considerar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre empresas familiares e não familiares; e por incluir o atributo “simultaneidade de papéis” como fator de influência importante nesse fenômeno.Relevância/Originalidade: a inclusão do atributo “simultaneidade de papéis” é relevante para o avanço da “teoria dos stakeholders”, no contexto de empresas familiares, pois oferece maior abrangência e precisão ao modelo de saliência; e o estudo fomenta a discussão sobre como alocar os recursos organizacionais diante das diversas demandas existentes.
Estratégias de Inovação: Uma Análise em Startups de Tecnologia da Informação
Authors: Rocha Ronalty Oliveira , Olave Maria Elena Leon , Ordonez Edward David Moreno
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar as principais estratégias para inovação, utilizadas por startups de tecnologia da informação.Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório qualitativo, com as evidências interpretadas a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado aplicado a quatro gerentes (fundadores) de startups de tecnologia da informação, domiciliadas nos estados de Sergipe, Maranhão e Ceará.Principais resultados: As principais práticas de fomento à inovação aberta identificadas foram as parcerias com clientes e organizações; e a estratégia menos encontrada foi a internacionalização.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Este estudo contribui com a literatura sobre o assunto, confirmando, por meio de evidências empíricas, que as práticas de inovação aberta, adotadas por startups de tecnologia da informação, são, prioritariamente, as parcerias, que seguem uma implementação informal, por meio dos conhecimentos e das habilidades oferecidos pelas partes envolvidas, para suprir deficiências operacionais e obter aprendizado específico. Outra relevante constatação foi que a não colaboração com atores institucionais favorece a implementação de inovações incrementais.Relevância/Originalidade: As startups de tecnologia da informação são negócios reconhecidamente ativos na inserção de inovações no mercado. Contudo, estudos sobre as estratégias de inovação, nesse tipo de negócio, ainda são escassos, e conhecer a natureza e as formas de implementação dessas estratégias é pertinente, uma vez que pode fomentar resultados melhores em inovação.
Combined Endoscopic Stricturotomy and Balloon Dilation of Strictureplasty Site Stricture in Jejunal Crohn's Disease
Authors: Nobel Yael R. , Shen Bo
Published: June 2020

Patients who undergo surgical strictureplasty for jejunal Crohn's disease-associated strictures may develop severe stenosis at the inlet and outlet sites of the strictureplasty. There is currently no consensus on the optimal management of these strictureplasty-associated strictures because immunosuppressive medications will be ineffective and surgical reintervention, most commonly with bowel resection, is invasive and may introduce new complications. Endoscopic therapy may sometimes be the only valid option. We present a case of severe strictureplasty inlet and outlet strictures that were successfully treated with combined endoscopic stricturotomy and balloon dilation.
Late Recurrence of Metastatic Pancreatic Angiomyolipoma in Tuberous Sclerosis Following Bilateral Nephrectomy and Transplant
Authors: Sinha Ayusa , Tufail Kashif , Johal Amitpal S. , Khara Harshit S.
Published: June 2020

Recurrent angiomyolipomas are rare, particularly in the pancreas of patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC). We report a 59-year-old woman with TSC who underwent bilateral nephrectomy for malignant, hemorrhagic angiomyolipomas with subsequent renal transplant. Almost 10 years after initial discovery of renal angiomyolipoma, the patient was found to have a pancreatic tail angiomyolipoma on endoscopic ultrasound performed for the evaluation of abnormal liver enzymes. The mass was not visualized on previous imaging. This case highlights the possible role of endoscopic ultrasound in continued surveillance for recurrent angiomyolipoma after nephrectomy in patients with TSC.
Breast Cancer Metastasis Presenting as Colonic Polyps
Authors: Bering Jamie , Ryan Margaret , Gurudu Suryakanth R.
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. Rarely, breast cancer can metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of metastatic breast cancer diagnosed after finding metastatic lesions appearing as polyps during a colonoscopy.
Non-invasive wood identification on parts of King Horemheb's ritual couches (New kingdom)
Authors: Abdrabou Ahmed , Sultan Gilan M. , Elkader Mohamed Abd , Kamal Hussein M.
Published: June 2020

The inclusion of couches as basic artefacts of ritual use in ancient Egyptian royal tombs first emerged in the New Kingdom; these are very rare objects, and very little information is available concerning the timber used to make them. To address this knowledge gap the present paper deals with the identification of wood from parts of ancient Egyptian ritual couches from King Horemheb's tomb using reflected light microscopy as a non-invasive analytic technique. Although these couches are from a royal tomb, our results show that the four identified wood species (Cedar of Lebanon, Sycamore fig, Tamarisk and Christ's thorn) are among the most common timbers found in ancient Egypt. This confirms that the shortage of timber in ancient Egypt forced the use of the few available timbers for specific purposes, according to their properties, and led the Egyptian carpenters to use large logs from external sources, such as cedar of Lebanon, confirming trading of wood in ancient Egypt.
„Wo bleibt der demokratische Geschichtsunterricht?“ Der Umgang mit der NS-Vergangenheit in Schulbildung und Gesellschaft am Beispiel von Taras Borodajkewycz und Hans-Ulrich Rudel
Authors: Kapferer Benedikt
Published: June 2020

“Where are the democratic history lessons?” Dealing with the Nazi past in education and society in Austria with the examples of Taras Borodajkewycz and Hans-Ulrich RudelIn post-WWII Austria, the way the Nazi past was dealt with was far from frictionless or consensual. As opposed to the preceding ideologies of Fascism and National Socialism, a new democratic mentality had yet to be formed. In this regard, history lessons at universities and at schools are central spaces for analysing the processes of de-Nazification and democratization. Therefore, the following paper discusses two examples of highly controversial teachings that reflect the larger level of Austrian history after 1945: Taras Borodajkewycz (1960s) and Hans-Ulrich Rudel (1983).
MODEL BASED COMPARISON OF DRYING OF ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L.) WITH TRADITIONAL METHOD AND MICROWAVE
Authors: BALTACIOĞLU Cem , OKUR İlhami , BUZRUL Sencer
Published: June 2020

In this study, asparagus slices were dried with traditional oven and microwave oven methods. Model based approach was used to investigate the differences and similarities between two drying methods. Weibullian and linear equations were used as the primary and secondary models, respectively. Secondary model integrated into the primary model could successfully be used to describe the moisture ratio of asparagus in one-step procedure. Appropriate fits were obtained for both drying techniques, but microwave drying had slightly better fit than the conventional drying. Tailing was observed for the curves of traditional drying whereas sigmoidal curves were observed for microwave drying. The time parameter (δ) value of the lowest power of the microwave drying (100 W) was just one third of the δ value of the highest temperature of the traditional drying (90 °C) indicating that microwave drying was effective method in terms of time comparing to traditional drying.
Surface Modification With Gelatin For Polyurethane Vascular Grafts: A Review
Authors: Adipurnama Iman , Yang Ming Chien , Ciach Tomasz , Raszeja Beata Butruk
Published: June 2020

The means for developing synthetic vascular grafts to replace blood vessels is increasing extensively because of the limited supply of autologous vessels. Synthetic polymers as the alternatives still suffer from restenosis and thrombus formation. Natural polymers, on the other hand, are commonly biocompatible and biodegradable, compliment the synthetic ones. Blending, grafting and coating of natural polymers have been proposed to improve surface properties of synthetic polymers. Gelatin is a promising candidate to help improving synthetic vascular grafts surface owing to its ability to promote cell adhesion without promoting platelet aggregation at its surface. In this review, several techniques to incorporate gelatin onto synthetic polymers, mainly polyurethane, for vascular grafts application are summarized, together with the recent updates and potential development in the future.
Measurement error in clinical research, yes it matters
Authors: Groenwold Rolf H H , Dekkers Olaf M
Published: June 2020

The validity of any biomedical study is potentially affected by measurement error or misclassification. It can affect different variables included in a statistical analysis, such as the exposure, the outcome, and confounders, and can result in an overestimation as well as in an underestimation of the relation under investigation. We discuss various aspects of measurement error and argue that often an in-depth discussion is needed to appropriately assess the quality and validity of a study.
Using genetics to inform the pharmacological targeting of neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Clift Ashley K , Frilling Andrea
Published: June 2020

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a class of tumours heterogeneous in terms of their anatomical sites of origin and clinical behaviour. Outdated perspectives of indolence have been superseded by appreciation for their myriad clinical challenges, such as the high rates of regional and distant metastases at initial diagnosis, lack of clarity on optimal treatment strategies/sequencing, and incompletely elucidated genetic/other pathophysiological drivers. The first randomised controlled trials in this arena were published approximately a decade ago – since then, increased understanding of the genetic drivers and signalling pathway perturbations in these tumours have suggested promise for precision therapy influenced by an individual tumour’s molecular sub-type, but this is yet to be realised for manifold reasons. In this article, the authors review the genetic landscapes as currently understood for selected forms of NEN and discuss the current and developing evidence to support the use of genetic information to influence therapy. They provide a critical assessment of the potential limitations of using such approaches and also posit avenues for future developments in this arena.
Revolución de la ternura: un nuevo paradigma eclesial en el pontificado de Francisco
Authors: Alvarado Palacios Amparo
Published: June 2020

Se quiere ofrecer una lectura del pensamiento del papa Francisco, intuyendo en ello un planteamiento de un nuevo paradigma eclesial, una nueva visión de ser humano y de mundo, y una nueva eclesiología y espiritualidad, manifiesta en la categoría de la “ternura”. Sobre las bases del Concilio y escuchando no solo a las Iglesias locales de todo el mundo sino a otras Iglesias, el papa está invitando a una revolución. Pasar de formulaciones teóricas y frías a compromisos y gestos concretos de acogida, de cariño verdadero, de humilde servicio y, sobre todo, de cercanía e identificación con los pobres, con lo que incita a dar testimonio de nuestra identidad humana, eclesial y espiritual con expresiones concretas de ternura hasta vivir la mística de la ternura.
Considering Value-related Concepts in Service-oriented Approaches to Marketing Studies in Light of Philosophical and Economic Value Theories
Authors: Haase Michaela
Published: June 2020

The concepts of value, value creation, and value cocreation figure prominently in service-oriented approaches to marketing studies, especially servicedominant logic. However, the meaning of these concepts is fuzzy and dependent on the theoretical context in which they are used. In addition, philosophical, economic, and sociological conceptualizations, among others, have affected the meaning of the concept of value. Harking back to Kant and Lotze, with reference to epistemology and ontology, this paper investigates the role philosophical and economic value theory can play in understanding value-related concepts in marketing studies and in the further development of marketing studies within the social sciences.
Conceptualizing Resource Integration: The Peculiar Role of Pure Public Resources
Authors: Woratschek Herbert , Horbel Chris , Popp Bastian
Published: June 2020

Resource integration is fundamental to value cocreation. In service-dominant logic, operant resources are the primary interest of actors’ economic exchange. However, the resources in service-dominant logic are rarely classified and analysed in detail. In addition, natural resources are widely neglected in conceptualizations of resources and resource integration. To fill these research gaps, this article aims to extend the existing conceptualizations of resource integration by specifically focussing on the integration of different types of resources. For this purpose, resource classifications from both the German-language literature, which is internationally mostly unknown, and the English-language research are included. Furthermore, natural resources are used as a case to discuss the peculiar role of pure public resources. Following calls for ‘oscillating foci’ to gain a better understanding of value co-creation, we further analyse resource integration at different levels of analysis by specifically focusing on the micro-level. Nevertheless, we emphasize the interdependencies between different levels of analysis. Therefore, we close important research gaps in the service-dominant logic literature, specifically regarding resource integration.
ПРО КРИЗУ В ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ НАУЦІ ТА ШЛЯХИ ВИХОДУ З НЕЇ
Authors: ПАПАВА Владімер
Published: June 2020

У статті проаналізовано характер кризи в економічній науці, основні причини її формування, історичні та сучасні приклади її прояву. Через кризу економічна наука відстає від економічної дійсності. Найнаочнішими прикладами цього відставання є перехід до ринкової економіки в посткомуністичних країнах, а також глобальна фінансово-економічна криза 2007–2009 рр. Нині криза в економічній науці впливає на достатньо поширену систему криптовалют, проте вона дотепер не є предметом систематичних досліджень учених. У питанні подолання цієї кризової ситуації велике значення має те, як відображається в таких дослідженнях людський фактор і наскільки він буде наближений до поведінки реальної людини. Для досягнення цієї мети економісти повинні використовувати знання, нагромаджені в інших соціальних науках, – філософії, психології, праві та політології. В економічних дослідженнях умови, які передбачаються традиційною фразою «за інших рівних умов», повинні бути мінімізовані за допомогою залучення наукового інструментарію названих соціальних наук.Сьогодні різні економічні теорії протистоять одна одній, проте доцільніше зосередити увагу (там, де можливо) на відшукуванні того спільного, що сприятиме їх синтезу. Це допоможе економістам більш комплексно сприймати економічну дійсність. Саме у цьому контексті й запропоновано певні підходи для пошуку основних шляхів щодо подолання кризи в економічній науці.
РОЗВИТОК ВУГІЛЬНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: АМОША Олександр , ЧЕРЕВАТСЬКИЙ Данило
Published: June 2020

Технологічні революції є особливими моментами парадигмальних зрушень, коли старі технологічні уклади ще необхідні, але вони відходять, а нове вже проявилось, але ще не дістало належну підтримку бізнесу. У сучасних умовах економічні проблеми шахтного способу видобування вугілля збігаються з посиленнями вимог до забезпечення сталого розвитку людства, що веде до "згортання" галузі під натиском енергетики на відновлюваних джерелах.Починаючи з 1990-х років нами просувається ідея впровадження у вугільній промисловості економіко-організаційних гетерархій на зразок індустріальних парків, наприклад, схема корпоративної розробки шахтного поля, за якою приватна фірма на державній шахті веде розробку власного відводу, а державне підприємство надає фірмі платні послуги з підйому, транспортування, вентиляції, водовідливу, енергетичного забезпечення, санітарно-гігієнічного обслуговування персоналу. Це зумовило мету статті – обгрунтувати доцільність гетерархій у вугільній промисловості в умовах сучасної промислової революції. Дослідження методами наукової абстракції, аналізу і синтезу приводить до нетривіального рішення стосовно комплексного охоплення галузей, що з'являються і розвиваються. Таким, наприклад, є створення на шахтах індустріальних парків з акумулюванням енергії, які необхідні для функціонування енергетики на відновлюваних джерелах. Ці парки мають стати своєрідним "парашутом" для вугільної галузі, яка в нинішніх умовах занепадає, і «бустером» для найсучаснішої енергетики. Кластери енергетичних парків як енергетичні хаби в старопромислових шахтарських регіонах дають можливість диверсифікувати діяльність вугільних підприємств і вирішити комплекс економічних і соціальних проблем.
Analisa Tumpahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di Teluk Bayur Sumatera Barat, 28 September 2017
Authors: Mutmainah Herdiana , - Ilham , Altanto Try , - Hadi , Anggoro Adi Rizki
Published: June 2020

Tumpahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di Teluk Bayur pada 28 September 2017 pkl. 09.30 WIB telah menyebabkan degradasi kualitas lingkungan perairan berupa naiknya temperatur permukaan air laut yaitu 30,5°C; pH: 5,7; DO: 0,55-3,89 mg/L; BOD: 0,39-0,48 mg/L; COD: 121-180 mg/L dan minyak lemak: 1,4-6,6 mg/L. Karakteristik CPO berwarna jingga seperti mentega, tekstur licin. CPO yang bercampur air laut dan pasir memiliki berat jenis 3,75 gr/cm3. Pada beberapa kasus, selain naiknya temperatur dan pH tetapi juga BOD, COD dan turbiditas serta menurunkan DO dan TDS. Tumpahan CPO berdampak negatif pada ekosistem dan biota laut seperti Mangrove, udang Windu, kepiting, coral dan lain-lain. Hal ini disebabkan karena gumpalan dan lapisan CPO menutupi permukaan perairan sehingga mengganggu penetrasi sinar matahari dan proses respirasi dan fotosintesis tanaman laut. Diperlukan kewaspadaan dan mitigasi bencana tumpahan minyak untuk mengurangi resiko degradasi lingkungan. Beberapa cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi kadar minyak atau tumpahan CPO seperti Oil Boom, Oil sponge, tanaman air Azolla folliculoid hingga bakteri tertentu jenis Bacillus dan Geobacillus.
STUDI KARAKTER MORFOMETRIK DAN MERISTIK IKAN NOMEI (HARPADON NEHEREUS) DI KALIMANTAN UTARA
Authors: Setiawan Rafi , Suharti Ratna , Rachmad Basuki , Zulkifli Dadan , Irawan Hendra
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendreskripsikan karakteristik morfometrik dan meristik ikan nomei (Harpadon nehereus) di perairan Kalimantan Utara, dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2018. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Hasil pengamatan morfometrik berdasarkan 11 indikator karakteristik morfometrik dan 5 indikator karakteristik meristik ikan nomei yang berasal dari perairan Sebatik dan Tarakan kecenderungan memiliki hasil yang sama. Pada pengamatan morfometrik dan meristik ikan nomei diketahui bahwa ikan nomei di perairan Kalimantan Utara termasuk kedalam spesies Harpadon nehereus.
Permainan Tradisional untuk Membentuk Karakter Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Witasari Oki , Wiyani Novan Ardy
Published: June 2020

Setiap guru memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pendidikan karakter, namun belum semua guru menguasai metode dalam membentuk karakter anak. Penyebabnya adalah lemahnya kreativitas guru dalam membentuk karakter anak. Permainan tradisional sebenarnya dapat dijadikan oleh guru sebagai metode dalam membentuk karakter anak. Hal itu telah dilakukan oleh guru di TK Diponegoro 140 Rawalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pembentukan karakter anak melalui permainan tradisional di TK Diponegoro 140 Rawalo. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian fenomenologi dengan subjek yang diteliti yaitu kepala TK, guru, serta anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data model Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan karakter anak melalui permainan tradisional di TK Diponegoro 140 rawalo dilakukan melalui tiga tahap. Pertama, pemberian pengetahuan tentang nilai-nilai kebaikan melalui permainan tradisional. Kedua, pemberian motivasi untuk melakukan nilai-nilai kebaikan melalui permainan tradisional. Ketiga, pemberian arahan untuk melakukan nilai-nilai kebaikan melalui permainan tradisional. Pada pelaksanaan ketiga tahapan tersebut guru bukan sekedar mendampingi dan mengajarkan cara bermain tetapi juga menjadi role model bagi anak untuk melakukan kebaikan-kebaikan saat bermain dengan permainan tradisional.
Outcome-based education: evaluation, implementation and faculty development
Authors: Iqbal Shazia , Willis Ian , H. Almigbal Turky , Aldahmash Abdullah , Rastam Samer
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Developments in Outcome-based education (OBE) and innovative shifts in its pedagogical approaches have reshaped the learning environment of curricula at medical schools. This instructional design has gained popularity due to its authenticity and systematic approach. However, this needs organized supervision and faculty training in order to achieve the desired goals for the program. Aim: This article examines the evaluation of OBE at a private medical school in Saudi Arabia. It describes the curriculum review process and the characteristics of the curriculum reviewers involved. It evaluates the curriculum using Harden's OBE implementation inventory. OBE reviewers' satisfaction about OBE implementation was evaluated using the OBE inventory. Results: This analysis shows our institutional profile to be similar to the 'transition to beavers' symbol in Harden's representation. At the program level, the study identifies gaps and suggests suitable recommendations to enhance the enactment of OBE. Conclusion: We strongly encourage medical educators to apply the nine components of the OBE implementation inventory to evaluate their level of implementation of OBE. To further build up this model, the authors propose a mnemonic "ADAPTIVE Species" as an instructional prompt to develop these qualities in medical faculty. "ADAPTIVE Species" stands for Assertive, Developer, Assessors, Prime-movers, Transparent, Innovators, Vigilant, Evaluators, and Selectors.
Checking Chase Termination over Ontologies of Existential Rules with Equality
Authors: Carral David , Urbani Jacopo
Published: June 2020

The chase is a sound and complete algorithm for conjunctive query answering over ontologies of existential rules with equality. To enable its effective use, we can apply acyclicity notions; that is, sufficient conditions that guarantee chase termination. Unfortunately, most of these notions have only been defined for existential rule sets without equality. A proposed solution to circumvent this issue is to treat equality as an ordinary predicate with an explicit axiomatisation. We empirically show that this solution is not efficient in practice and propose an alternative approach. More precisely, we show that, if the chase terminates for any equality axiomatisation of an ontology, then it terminates for the original ontology (which may contain equality). Therefore, one can apply existing acyclicity notions to check chase termination over an axiomatisation of an ontology and then use the original ontology for reasoning. We show that, in practice, doing so results in a more efficient reasoning procedure. Furthermore, we present equality model-faithful acyclicity, a general acyclicity notion that can be directly applied to ontologies with equality.
Efficient Model-Based Diagnosis of Sequential Circuits
Authors: Feldman Alexander , Pill Ingo , Wotawa Franza , Matei Ion , De Kleer Johan
Published: June 2020

In Model-Based Diagnosis (MBD), we concern ourselves with the health and safety of physical and software systems. Although we often use different knowledge representations and algorithms, some tools like satisfiability (SAT) solvers and temporal logics, are used in both domains. In this paper we introduce Finite Trace Next Logic (FTNL) models of sequential circuits and propose an enhanced algorithm for computing minimal-cardinality diagnoses. Existing state-of-the-art satisfiability algorithms for minimal diagnosis use Sorting Networks (SNs) for constraining the cardinality of the diagnostic candidates. In our approach we exploit Multi-Operand Adders (MOAs). Based on extensive tests with ISCAS-89 circuits, we found that MOAs enable Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) encodings that are significantly more compact. These encodings lead to 19.7 to 67.6 times fewer variables and 18.4 to 62 times fewer clauses. For converting an FTNL model to CNF, we could achieve a speed-up ranging from 6.2 to 22.2. Using SNs fosters 3.4 to 5.5 times faster on-line satisfiability checking though. This makes MOAs preferable for applications where RAM and off-line time are more limited than on-line CPU time.
Proportional Belief Merging
Authors: Haret Adrian , Lackner Martin , Pfandler Andreas , Wallner Johannes P.
Published: June 2020

In this paper we introduce proportionality to belief merging. Belief merging is a framework for aggregating information presented in the form of propositional formulas, and it generalizes many aggregation models in social choice. In our analysis, two incompatible notions of proportionality emerge: one similar to standard notions of proportionality in social choice, the other more in tune with the logic-based merging setting. Since established merging operators meet neither of these proportionality requirements, we design new proportional belief merging operators. We analyze the proposed operators against established rationality postulates, finding that current approaches to proportionality from the field of social choice are, at their core, incompatible with standard rationality postulates in belief merging. We provide characterization results that explain the underlying conflict, and provide a complexity analysis of our novel operators.
Going Deep: Graph Convolutional Ladder-Shape Networks
Authors: Hu Ruiqi , Pan Shirui , Long Guodong , Lu Qinghua , Zhu Liming , Jiang Jing
Published: June 2020

Neighborhood aggregation algorithms like spectral graph convolutional networks (GCNs) formulate graph convolutions as a symmetric Laplacian smoothing operation to aggregate the feature information of one node with that of its neighbors. While they have achieved great success in semi-supervised node classification on graphs, current approaches suffer from the over-smoothing problem when the depth of the neural networks increases, which always leads to a noticeable degradation of performance. To solve this problem, we present graph convolutional ladder-shape networks (GCLN), a novel graph neural network architecture that transmits messages from shallow layers to deeper layers to overcome the over-smoothing problem and dramatically extend the scale of the neural networks with improved performance. We have validated the effectiveness of proposed GCLN at a node-wise level with a semi-supervised task (node classification) and an unsupervised task (node clustering), and at a graph-wise level with graph classification by applying a differentiable pooling operation. The proposed GCLN outperforms original GCNs, deep GCNs and other state-of-the-art GCN-based models for all three tasks, which were designed from various perspectives on six real-world benchmark data sets.
Rule-Guided Compositional Representation Learning on Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Niu Guanglin , Zhang Yongfei , Li Bo , Cui Peng , Liu Si , Li Jingyang , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: June 2020

Representation learning on a knowledge graph (KG) is to embed entities and relations of a KG into low-dimensional continuous vector spaces. Early KG embedding methods only pay attention to structured information encoded in triples, which would cause limited performance due to the structure sparseness of KGs. Some recent attempts consider paths information to expand the structure of KGs but lack explainability in the process of obtaining the path representations. In this paper, we propose a novel Rule and Path-based Joint Embedding (RPJE) scheme, which takes full advantage of the explainability and accuracy of logic rules, the generalization of KG embedding as well as the supplementary semantic structure of paths. Specifically, logic rules of different lengths (the number of relations in rule body) in the form of Horn clauses are first mined from the KG and elaborately encoded for representation learning. Then, the rules of length 2 are applied to compose paths accurately while the rules of length 1 are explicitly employed to create semantic associations among relations and constrain relation embeddings. Moreover, the confidence level of each rule is also considered in optimization to guarantee the availability of applying the rule to representation learning. Extensive experimental results illustrate that RPJE outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines on KG completion task, which also demonstrate the superiority of utilizing logic rules as well as paths for improving the accuracy and explainability of representation learning.
COTSAE: CO-Training of Structure and Attribute Embeddings for Entity Alignment
Authors: Yang Kai , Liu Shaoqin , Zhao Junfeng , Wang Yasha , Xie Bing
Published: June 2020

Entity alignment is a fundamental and vital task in Knowledge Graph (KG) construction and fusion. Previous works mainly focus on capturing the structural semantics of entities by learning the entity embeddings on the relational triples and pre-aligned "seed entities". Some works also seek to incorporate the attribute information to assist refining the entity embeddings. However, there are still many problems not considered, which dramatically limits the utilization of attribute information in the entity alignment. Different KGs may have lots of different attribute types, and even the same attribute may have diverse data structures and value granularities. Most importantly, attributes may have various "contributions" to the entity alignment. To solve these problems, we propose COTSAE that combines the structure and attribute information of entities by co-training two embedding learning components, respectively. We also propose a joint attention method in our model to learn the attentions of attribute types and values cooperatively. We verified our COTSAE on several datasets from real-world KGs, and the results showed that it is significantly better than the latest entity alignment methods. The structure and attribute information can complement each other and both contribute to performance improvement.
Modified sand for the removal of manganese and arsenic from groundwater
Authors: Habib Md Ehosan , Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Fattah Kazi P
Published: June 2020

Manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) are common natural groundwater contaminants and are present at concentrations much higher than the recommended drinking water guidelines. In this study, laboratory investigations were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of three different types of manganese oxide (MnO2)-coated media in removing manganese and arsenic from water. While all media types were found to be very effective in removing dissolved manganese, the flow rate or contact time was found to have a significant impact on manganese removal. Removal of manganese with ‘synthetic’ manganese-coated media changed from 30% at a flow rate of 8.0 (ml/min)/cm2 to almost 100% at flow rates of about 1 (ml/min)/cm2. Manganese removal was found to increase with increasing manganese content of the filter media and with increasing manganese in the influent water. Removal of arsenic (III) (As3+) in manganese oxide-coated filter media was found to be strongly dependent on pH and phosphate (PO4 3−) concentration. Removal of arsenic decreased from about 80% at pH 7 to almost nil at pH 9. Arsenic removal decreased from 75% in the absence of phosphate to 2.3% in the presence of 10 mg/l phosphate. Results show that manganese oxide-coated media can efficiently remove both manganese and arsenic.
Integrated UV–H2O2 and biological treatment processes for the removal of cationic surfactant
Authors: Mondal Bijoli , Adak Asok , Datta Pallab
Published: June 2020

Surfactants are widely used for industrial and domestic purposes although these chemicals are potentially harmful to the environment. This research work reports the degradation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Ctab), a representative cationic surfactant present in waste waters, using an integrated ultraviolet (UV)–hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and biological treatment process. The toxicity of raw Ctab and partially (50%) UV–hydrogen peroxide-treated Ctab samples were analysed using zebra fish as the model organism. The LC50 values of raw and 50% degraded Ctab samples at 24 h exposure were found to be 4.89 and 2.13 mg/l, respectively, and these indicated that partially degraded Ctab samples were less toxic. The biodegradability index of the degraded samples was found to increase along with the amount of UV–hydrogen peroxide treatment. The treatability of degraded Ctab solution was studied in an aerobic sequential batch reactor (bioreactor) for different sludge ages. The biokinetic parameters (k S, k, Y and K d) for the partially degraded sample were evaluated using a modified Monod equation. The study indicated that the partially advanced-oxidation-process-degraded Ctab samples can be effectively removed by a biological process.
Evaluation of required connection load in GRS-IBS structures under service loads
Authors: Gebremariam F. , Tanyu B. F. , Christopher B. , Leshchinsky D. , Zornberg J. G. , Han J.
Published: June 2020

This study presents an evaluation of the connection load (To) and stress-strain conditions right behind the facing of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil – Integrated Bridge Structure (GRS-IBS) based on field instrumentation data obtained from an abutment constructed in Virginia. The observations from this site are compared against other projects in Delaware and Louisiana. The lateral stress distribution obtained from the field was observed to be lower than the active lateral earth pressure distribution but higher than predicted using the bin pressure method. The results from all sites showed that the reinforcement strains measured in the field were below the maximum geosynthetic strains allowed in the design of GRS-IBS. The distributions of both lateral stresses and reinforcement strains with depth were found to be approximately uniform. The To values for the Virginia structure were obtained based both on reinforcement strain and lateral stress data, which agreed well with each other. All sites indicated the existence of lateral stresses behind the facing, which contributed to the development of To. The normalized To values for all GRS-IBS projects evaluated in this study showed that the theoretical tributary area approach outlined in MSE design can be conservatively adopted to predict To in the design of GRS-IBS.
Application of a new fuzzy Dematel–Todim hybrid algorithm in port dredging project management
Authors: Khorram Saeed , Bahrami Ali
Published: June 2020

As an effective evaluation of the productivity of dredging projects is an important element in the success of loading/unloading operations at ports, this study was carried out to find common reasons why dredging projects incur unintended damage at Anzali port open seas/coasts. It was found that the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Dematel) method and experts’ opinions can be effectively used in dredging problems in practice considering risk interactions. Of 58 identified risks, the top ten were selected using a probability–effect diagram and then, for a more precise ranking, their rates of effects on one another were evaluated using the fuzzy Dematel approach. Finally, using a combination of fuzzy sets and the Dematel technique, the ten top risks were ranked by multiplying four factors: effects on the project, occurrence probability, effects on/of other risks. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, it was used in the dredging project of the large and important Iranian port of Anzali. The results of this research were used to propose a risk prioritisation model considering the complex interactions of risks in port dredging projects. Some suggestions are made regarding how to lessen the risks and enhance safety measures.
Results and insight gained from applying the EnergyCat energy-saving serious game in UK social housing
Authors: Hafner Rebecca , Fuertes Alba , Pahl Sabine , Jones Rory , Boomsma Christine , Gangolells Marta , Casals Miquel
Published: June 2020

Concerns about climate change associated with the combustion of fossil fuels urge a call for widespread reductions in household energy use. Determining means of achieving this is a key challenge faced by environmental scientists. The current research presents insights gained from a 12-month empirical trial of new serious game for energy, ‘EnergyCat’; which was designed to encourage household energy reductions in the UK social housing sector. Effects of gameplay on consumption behaviours and energy awareness were explored using 82 UK social housing households (versus a no-game control). Results indicated the intervention did not lead to any substantive changes in awareness or consumption practices. However, post-intervention feedback highlighted several issues in terms of game design and usability that may explain why the game failed to change behaviour in this instance. We provide a framework of suggestions as to how the game design process could be improved in order to engage residents in future, including use of adaptive fonts for older residents, and provision of clearer instructions on gameplay objectives at the outset. In addition, researchers should ensure close collaboration is maintained with residents throughout the design process in future efforts, in order to maximise likelihood of ongoing engagement from this population.
Nano-Games for Cultural Venues: the HEAL game
Authors: Rompa Jenny , Lepouras Georgios , Antoniou Angeliki , Pequenão Joao
Published: June 2020

Many are the times when visitors leave an exhibition without a clue about its message. In an effort to eliminate this phenomenon, museums, institutes and organisations (MIOs) adopt more attractive, engaging and fun content to provide a high quality and fast learning experience. Games seem to be an interesting suggestion to this approach but they are time consuming. To this end, we introduce nano-games. We define nano-games as short, easy to master, self–contained games of a single level of difficulty, having basic and direct rules that stay unaltered throughout the play and challenge players with clearly defined goals reachable within tens of seconds of gameplay. This approach has been adopted and evaluated in the premises of European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN).
The stakes of (not) knowing
Authors: Sargent Christine
Published: June 2020

This article draws on the concept of subjunctivity to explore how conditions of uncertainty, experimentation, and refusal shape the lives of women raising children with Down syndrome in Amman, Jordan. The connections that women forge – as mothers of children with Down syndrome – enable them to imagine new possibilities for their families and their futures across boundaries of class and circumstance. Prenatal diagnosis, however, invites possibilities of a different kind, challenging established models for divine creation, human agency, and moral accountability. As women reflect on what they would have done if they had known about their child’s Down syndrome in utero, they reason themselves to different conclusions. Yet their interest in the question itself reveals how, even in its absence, prenatal diagnosis circulates as a technology of subjunctivity, conjuring multiple possible pasts, presents, and futures.
Unsettling disciplinary frontiers
Authors: Mrig Emily Hammad
Published: June 2020

Recent advances in genetic research provide anthropologists with an opportunity to reconsider the meaning and importance of interdisciplinary research. This piece suggests that interdisciplinary thinking can help to redevelop health policies aimed at improving access to new genetic technology and addressing many health care inequities. Drawing from research on access to genetic testing among women with a breast cancer diagnosis in the United States, I explore how patient perspectives can be used to redefine how policy makers interpret the utility of genetic medicine. Individuals undergoing genetic testing describe how genetic knowledge is translated into salient change in their lives, a view rarely recognized in conventional evaluations of genetic medicine. This work also recognizes how the ‘potentialities’ of genetic medicine both fuel the engine of ongoing genetic research and motivate individuals to imagine possible future actions to improve health. This reflection is meant to provoke debate and contribute to discussion about how health policies can be designed to improve inequities in access to genetic medicine.
A blended learning model with IoT-based technology: effectively used when the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: SİRİPONGDEE Kobchai , PIMDEE Paitoon , TUNTIWONGWANICH Somkiat
Published: June 2020

This qualitative research has the purpose to analyze and synthesize a model of Blended Learning (BL) with IoT-based technology. Data sources are related literature, textbooks, research, articles, and websites. The author used analysis and synthesis tables with the content analysis method. IoT-based technology was considered to refer to all heterogeneous objects and devices through any networks, and BL is the educational approach to combine F2F instruction with ICT instruction. Many devices and “things” in IoT-based technology were added in class to create and improve a smart learning environment for the learning goals. This study divided BL into 4 characteristics; F2F, Self-paced, Tele-D, and Ubiquitous, which were further categorized into 3 typical cases of learning environments, Digital, Embedded, and Side-by-side cases. A framework of this model has 2 roles of user interfaces (teacher and student) which link 6 modules and a set of databases and 2 types of contexts (classroom and personal).