bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New National Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery in Norway: NoRGast
Authors: Lassen K. , Nymo L. S. , Kørner H. , Thon K. , Grindstein T. , Wasmuth H. H. , Moger T. , Bjørnbeth B. A. , Norderval S. , Eriksen M. T. , Viste A.
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims:

There is an increasing demand for high-quality data for the outcome of health care. Diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract involve large patient groups often presenting with serious or life-threatening conditions. Complications may affect treatment outcomes and lead to increased mortality or reduced quality of life. A continuous, risk-adjusted monitoring of major complications is important to improve the quality of health care to patients undergoing gastrointestinal resections. We present the development of the Norwegian Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery, a national registry for colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, and hepato-pancreato-biliary resections in Norway.

Materials and Methods:

A narrative and qualitative presentation of the development and current state of the registry.

Results:

We present the variables and the analysis tools and provide examples for the potential in quality improvement and research. Core characteristics include a strictly limited set of variables to reflect important risk factors, the procedure performed, and the clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

A registry with the potential to present complete national cohort data is a powerful tool for quality improvement and research.
Long-Term Survival and Quality of Life After Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Aortic Surgery
Authors: Stewart J. A. , Ilkka V. H. , Jokinen J. J. , Vakkuri A. P. , Suojaranta R. T. , Wennervirta J. , Salminen U. -S.
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims:

Hypothermic circulatory arrest carries a high risk of mortality and neurological complications. An important part of assessing surgical treatment is the evaluation of long-term survival and postoperative health-related quality of life.

Material and Methods:

In this prospective study, 30 patients undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest during surgery of the thoracic aorta, and 31 comparison patients undergoing elective coronary artery surgery without hypothermic circulatory arrest were evaluated for long-term survival and health-related quality of life, using the RAND 36-Item Health Survey questionnaire. The results were compared to national age- and sex-matched reference populations of the chronically ill and healthy adults.

Results:

After 4.6–8.0 years, available study (88%) and comparison (59%) patients were interviewed. The life expectancy was similar with 4- and 8-year survival of 90%, and 87% for the study group, and 94%, and 94% for the comparison group, respectively (log rank test, p = 0.62). The RAND-36 scores for study and comparison groups were congruent in all dimensions, describing physical, mental, and social domains. The study patients’ health-related quality of life results were similar to the national reference population with chronic illnesses.

Conclusion:

After hypothermic circulatory arrest, patients undergoing surgery of the thoracic aorta achieve a similar long-term life expectancy and health-related quality of life as do patients undergoing coronary surgery without hypothermic circulatory arrest, and a health-related quality of life similar to the national reference population with chronic illnesses. These results justify operative treatment in this high-risk patient population.
Aprotinin Impacts 8-Isoprostane after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Toikkanen V. , Rinne T. , Nieminen R. , Moilanen E. , Laurikka J. , Porkkala H. , Tarkka M. , Mennander A. A.
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims:

The lungs participate in the modulation of the circulating inflammatory factors induced by coronary artery bypass grafting. We investigated whether aprotinin—which has been suggested to interact with inflammation—influences lung passage of key inflammatory factors after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Material and Methods:

A total of 40 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into four groups according to aprotinin dose: (1) high dose, (2) early low dose, (3) late low dose, and (4) without aprotinin. Pulmonary artery and radial artery blood samples were collected for the evaluation of calculated lung passage (pulmonary artery/radial artery) of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin 6 and interleukin 8, 8-isoprostane, myeloperoxidase and the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), 1 min after releasing aortic cross clamp (T2), 15 min after releasing aortic cross clamp (T3), 1 h after releasing aortic cross clamp (T4), and 20 h after releasing aortic cross clamp (T5).

Results:

Pulmonary artery/radial artery 8-isoprostane increased in patients with high aprotinin dose as compared with lower doses (1.1 range 0.97 vs 0.9 range 1.39, p = 0.001). The main effect comparing high aprotinin dose with lower doses was significant (F(1, 38) = 7.338, p = 0.01, partial eta squared = 0.16) further supporting difference in the effectiveness of high aprotinin dose for pulmonary artery/radial artery 8-isoprostane.

Conclusion:

According to the pulmonary artery/radial artery equation, the impact of aprotinin on 8-isoprostane after coronary artery bypass grafting is dose dependent. Aprotinin may aid the lung passage of circulating factors toward a beneficial anti-inflammatory milieu.
The oscillating and electrostatic characteristics of microelectromechanical system cantilever structure analyzed based on the air gap domain
Authors: Cheng Jianlian , Li Kai , Zhang Zhuang , Gu Yufeng
Published: April 2018

Extensive modeling and simulation of the damping phenomenon, electrostatic actuation, and structural vibration analysis are performed. The governing partial differential equations of cantilever plate are obtained, and the resonant frequencies are calculated from the equilibrium equations. The damping forces of squeeze film are analyzed by obtaining the damping ratio and spring constant. Electrostatic actuation is applied to oscillate the cantilever to ensure that the displacement of the plate is above the thermal noise floor. Electrostatic actuating forces, displacement, and capacitance are calculated both numerically and analytically from the Poisson’s equations. Squeeze film damping effects naturally occur if structures are subjected to loading situations such that a very thin film of fluid is trapped within structural joints, interfaces, etc. An accurate estimate of squeeze film effects is important to predict the performance of dynamic structures. Squeeze film effects are simulated by the finite element method. The accuracy of the compact model is studied by comparing its response to the numerical results calculated with the finite element method. The agreement is very good in a wide frequency band. The numerical study and the compact model are directly applicable in predicting the damping force and damping factors of squeeze film.
Weakly resonant double Hopf bifurcation in coupled nonlinear systems with delayed freedback and application of homotopy analysis method
Authors: Qian Youhua , Fu HX , Guo JM
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we study the dynamical behaviors of coupled nonlinear systems with delay coupling by the multiple scales method and the homotopy analysis method. Firstly, we analyze the distribution of the eigenvalues of its linearized characteristic equations, and obtain the critical value for the occurrence of double Hopf bifurcation, which is caused by time delay and strength of coupling. Second, we obtain the normal form equations by the multiple scales method, and study the dynamical behaviors around the 3:5 weakly resonant double Hopf bifurcation point by analyzing the normal form equations. Finally, using the homotopy analysis method, we obtain analytical approximate solutions of the system with parameter values located in different regions. The periodic solution obtained by the homotopy analysis method is compared with the periodic solution obtained by the Runge–Kutta method, we found that the Runge–Kutta method does not get unstable periodic solutions, but the homotopy analysis method can be. So the homotopy analysis method is a powerful tool for studying coupled nonlinear systems with delay coupling.
Control of transtibial prosthetic limb with magnetorheological fluid damper by using a fuzzy PID controller
Authors: Nordin NH Diyana , Muthalif Asan GA , M Razali M Khusyaie
Published: April 2018

The damping characteristic of a healthy limb changes throughout the gait cycle. However, for amputees who are wearing mechanically passive damping prosthesis, the lack of ability to change the damping values might expose them to injuries and health problems. The use of magnetorheological fluid damper in prosthetic limb, which provides wide dynamic range, seems to be able to prevent these conditions from happening, due to its response to the magnetic field. The magnetorheological fluid, a type of smart material that is capable of altering its rheological property, changes its viscosity subjected to the intensity of the external magnetic field. Thus, due to this property, magnetorheological fluid damper covers the advantages of both passive and active dampers. This work explores the implementation of magnetorheological fluid damper in transtibial (below knee) prosthetic limb utilizing adaptive control techniques via simulation studies. An experimental study was done to observe the relationship of the force generated by the damper to the applied current. In addition, fuzzy-proportional–integral–derivative controller was implemented to ensure that the damper performs well, even at varying frequencies.
Developing a sense of place toolkit: Identifying destination uniqueness
Authors: Jarratt David , Phelan Chris , Wain Jenny , Dale Sarah
Published: April 2018

It has long been recognised that the tangible and intangible characteristics that make a location distinctive and memorable contribute significantly to destination image. How this destination feel is communicated has largely been the domain of place branding and destination marketing, which have the potential to miss stakeholder voices. Recently though, practitioners are starting to carefully consider ‘sense of place’, that is an emotional attachment to place, which is defined more carefully in the literature review of this article, and which corresponds with long-running academic discussions. This paper attempts to identify some of these and bridge the gap between academic theory on sense of place and practice. In the UK, many rural areas are now seeking to operationalise sense of place through toolkit documents that might inform landscape interpretation and destination branding. A scenario echoed internationally, where local distinctiveness features in both rural and urban planning. However, sense of place in a tourism context, and more specifically the development of these toolkits, has received limited academic attention. Hence, this paper presents the case of Morecambe Bay and the development of a dedicated sense of place toolkit. The subsequent case emerges from a collaboration between academics and practitioners and draws on participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Specifically, the paper outlines a series of workshop activities developed with destination stakeholders and identifies how these inform subsequent toolkit design. It offers a critical analysis of the benefits and potential pitfalls of employing this approach. This case is of value to academics and destination stakeholders interested in identifying and communicating the uniqueness and emotional tone of the destination. Key lessons and recommendations are identified for those engaging in similar toolkit development initiatives.
Aerobic exercise training differentially affects ACE C- and N-domain activities in humans: Interactions with ACE I/D polymorphism and association with vascular reactivity
Authors: Alves Cléber Rene , Fernandes Tiago , Lemos José Ribeiro , Magalhães Flávio de Castro , Trombetta Ivani Credidio , Alves Guilherme Barreto , Mota Glória de Fátima Alves da , Dias Rodrigo Gonçalves , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Krieger José Eduardo , Negrão Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Edilamar Menezes
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Previous studies have linked angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (II, ID and DD) to physical performance. Moreover, ACE has two catalytic domains: NH2 (N) and COOH (C) with distinct functions, and their activity has been found to be modulated by ACE polymorphism. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of the interaction between aerobic exercise training (AET) and ACE I/D polymorphism on ACE N- and C-domain activities and vascular reactivity in humans.

Materials and methods:

A total of 315 pre-selected healthy males were genotyped for II, ID and DD genotypes. Fifty completed the full AET (II, n = 12; ID, n = 25; and DD, n = 13), performed in three 90-minute sessions weekly, in the four-month exercise protocol. Pre- and post-training resting heart rate (HR), peak O2 consumption (VO2 peak), mean blood pressure (MBP), forearm vascular conduction (FVC), total circulating ACE and C- and N-domain activities were assessed. One-way ANOVA and two -way repeated-measures ANOVA were used.

Results:

In pre-training, all variables were similar among the three genotypes. In post-training, a similar increase in FVC (35%) was observed in the three genotypes. AET increased VO2 peak similarly in II, ID and DD (49±2 vs. 57±1; 48±1 vs. 56±3; and 48±5 vs. 58±2 ml/kg/min, respectively). Moreover, there were no changes in HR and MBP. The DD genotype was also associated with greater ACE and C-domain activities at pre- and post-training when compared to II. AET decreased similarly the total ACE and C-domain activities in all genotypes, while increasing the N-domain activity in the II and DD genotypes. However, interestingly, the measurements of N-domain activity after training indicate a greater activity than the other genotypes. These results suggest that the vasodilation in response to AET may be associated with the decrease in total ACE and C-domain activities, regardless of genotype, and that the increase in N-domain activity is dependent on the DD genotype.

Conclusions:

AET differentially affects the ACE C- and N-domain activities, and the N-domain activity is dependent on ACE polymorphism.
The role of face in a Chinese context of trust and trust building
Authors: King Peter C , Wei Zhang
Published: April 2018

The role of cultural factors in influencing the maintenance and/or enhancement of trust between two individuals acting as a dyad has received little research attention in trust and trust building. We discuss how a selected culture-specific factor (face) plays an influencing, if not imperative, role in trust and trust building in a Chinese context. We suggest that the preservation and/or enhancement of face acts as an indispensable factor to maintain and/or build trust in a Chinese context. We discuss the implications of our concept and offer suggestions for further research.
Influence of wear of carbon nanotube grown on carbon surfaces on the mechanical and electrical properties of composite materials
Authors: Guignier Claire , Bueno Marie-Ange
Published: April 2018

Carbon nanotubes grafted on carbon fibres are used to reinforce composite materials and improve their mechanical properties. The growth of the carbon nanotubes can be directly realized on the surface to obtain entangled carbon nanotubes, and the use of such reinforcements leads to increases in the mechanical properties of the composites. However, in an industrial-scale manufacturing process, different strains will be applied on the carbon nanotubes, such as friction stresses, causing the formation of a transfer film, which is always composed of carbon nanotubes without structural modification. In this study, the properties of composite materials formed by the growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibre reinforcement are determined in two different states of the carbon nanotubes: before the wear of the surface (carbon nanotubes entangled on the surface) and after the wear of the surface (carbon nanotubes in a transfer film state). The influence of the state of the carbon nanotubes on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composite materials is studied. No modification of the electrical and mechanical properties is observed, which means that an industrial-scale process that induces the formation of the transfer film does not modify the properties of the composite materials.
The Role of Gender Norms in Judicial Decision-Making at the U.S. Supreme Court: The Case of Male and Female Justices
Authors: Gleason Shane A. , Jones Jennifer J. , McBean Jessica Rae
Published: April 2018

Although still a minority, the growing number of women on both the Bench and at the Bar of the U.S. Supreme Court has important implications for judicial decision-making and successful advocacy at the Court. Research in judicial behavior generally focuses on vote direction and the presence of female attorneys in a case. We offer a more nuanced account of how gender impacts both attorney success and judicial decision-making by drawing on work in social and political psychology and utilizing quantitative textual analysis to explore the tension between masculine norms of behavior that are valued in the legal profession and feminine norms of behavior that are expected of women, but devalued in the legal profession. Based on the Court’s long-standing disdain for emotional arguments, we examine how the emotional content in 601 party briefs shapes the Court’s majority opinions. Our results indicate that male justices evaluate counsel based on their compliance with traditional gender norms—rewarding male counsel for cool, unemotional arguments and rewarding female counsel for emotionally compelling arguments. However, we find no evidence that gender norms shape the opinions of female justices. Given that the justice system is supposed to be “blind,” our results highlight the durability of gendered expectations and raise questions about the objectivity of judicial decision-making.
Opt-Out Parental Consent in Online Surveys: Ethical Considerations
Authors: Harris Jane , Porcellato Lorna
Published: April 2018

This article aims to foster discussion and debate around seeking parental consent from young people recruited online. The growth of social media, particularly for young people, has led to increased interest in young people’s online activities as both a research topic and recruitment setting. In a health-related study, which sought to recruit young people aged 13 to 18 years old from YouTuber fan communities to an online survey, the question arose of how parental consent could be sought from young people below 16 when no link existed between researcher and parents/guardians. A practical strategy is proposed which combines novel communication methods for participant information, opt-out online consent and age verification to address this issue. Strengths and limitations of these approaches are discussed.
Effect of clearance configuration on gear system dynamics
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Zhu Yunxue , Zhao Kegang , Liang Zhihao , Lin Huibin
Published: April 2018

Depending on the presence and position of a switch control element such as a synchronizer or sleeve in a multi-speed transmission, a gear system with gear backlash can be in one of three clearance configurations: no engaging clearance, engaging clearance at the input shaft, or engaging clearance at the output shaft. In this article, the influence of clearance configuration on gear system dynamics is investigated using the oscillating component of the dynamic transmission error as the dynamic response. The dynamic responses are studied over a wide frequency range by speed sweeping to examine the nonlinear behavior using numerical integration. Gear systems in all three clearance configurations show typical nonlinear behavior, such as multiple resonances, softening nonlinearity, jump phenomena, and chaotic motion. The presence of engaging clearance clearly affects the nonlinear characteristics, including resonance amplitudes, jump frequency, overlap width of primary resonance, and degree of chaos. Compared with the NC configuration, the resonance amplitudes for the CI and CO configurations decrease, while fluctuations increase. The resonance amplitudes and fluctuations for the CI configuration are both greater than those for the CO configuration, indicating that system vibration is greater when the clearance is far from the large inertia.
‘Social investment’ as political economy of education: Recent changes in early childhood education in New Zealand
Authors: Stuart Margaret
Published: April 2018

The newly coined policy of social investment is an economic argument for targeting state investment to the most needy. I use Foucault’s notion of biopolitics in a discursive analysis of recent New Zealand policy documents pertaining to a discrete group of ‘vulnerable children’. I further argue that the Foucauldian metaphor of state institutions as war-like gives knowledge/power to investment as efficient government.
Disrupted copresence: Older adults’ views on mobile phone use during face-to-face interactions
Authors: Kadylak Travis , Makki Taj W. , Francis Jessica , Cotten Shelia R. , Rikard R. V. , Sah Young June
Published: April 2018

This study investigates older adults’ perceptions of mobile phone use during face-to-face interactions and social gatherings. Data were derived from 9 semistructured focus group interviews. Study participants were older adult residents of Michigan, US ( N = 77). Focus groups were held in both urban and rural locations and our sample was heterogeneous in terms of race and socioeconomic status. Older adults in this study reported that the mobile phone behavior displayed by their younger family members during face-to-face interactions and family gatherings breaches their expectations regarding appropriate etiquette and manners. Specifically, participants reported they view mobile phone use during face-to-face interactions as disruptive to communication quality, offensive, and a potential signal of inattention, which may curtail intergenerational communication and hinder their sense of copresence. Limitations of our study and directions for future research are discussed.
Aestheticizing Google critique: A 20-year retrospective
Authors: Rogers Richard
Published: April 2018

With Google marking its 20th year online, the piece provides a retrospective of cultural commentary and select works of Google art that have transformed the search engine into an object of critical interest. Taken up are artistic and cultural responses to Google by independent artists but also by cultural critics and technology writers, including the development of such evocative notions as the deep web, flickering man and filter bubble. Among the critiques that have taken shape in the works to be discussed here are objects and subjects brought into being by Google (such as ‘spammy neighbourhoods’), Googlization, Google’s information politics, its licensing (or what one is agreeing to when searching) as well as issues surrounding specific products such as Google Street View, as Google leaves the web, capturing more spaces to search.
Validation of Living Donor Nephrectomy Codes
Authors: Lam Ngan N. , Lentine Krista L. , Klarenbach Scott , Sood Manish M. , Kuwornu Paul J. , Naylor Kyla L. , Knoll Gregory A. , Kim S. Joseph , Young Ann , Garg Amit X.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Use of administrative data for outcomes assessment in living kidney donors is increasing given the rarity of complications and challenges with loss to follow-up.

Objective:

To assess the validity of living donor nephrectomy in health care administrative databases compared with the reference standard of manual chart review.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

5 major transplant centers in Ontario, Canada.

Patients:

Living kidney donors between 2003 and 2010.

Measurements:

Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV).

Methods:

Using administrative databases, we conducted a retrospective study to determine the validity of diagnostic and procedural codes for living donor nephrectomies. The reference standard was living donor nephrectomies identified through the province’s tissue and organ procurement agency, with verification by manual chart review. Operating characteristics (sensitivity and PPV) of various algorithms using diagnostic, procedural, and physician billing codes were calculated.

Results:

During the study period, there were a total of 1199 living donor nephrectomies. Overall, the best algorithm for identifying living kidney donors was the presence of 1 diagnostic code for kidney donor (ICD-10 Z52.4) and 1 procedural code for kidney procurement/excision (1PC58, 1PC89, 1PC91). Compared with the reference standard, this algorithm had a sensitivity of 97% and a PPV of 90%. The diagnostic and procedural codes performed better than the physician billing codes (sensitivity 60%, PPV 78%).

Limitations:

The donor chart review and validation study was performed in Ontario and may not be generalizable to other regions.

Conclusions:

An algorithm consisting of 1 diagnostic and 1 procedural code can be reliably used to conduct health services research that requires the accurate determination of living kidney donors at the population level.
Delayed intestinal perforation secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma in a cat
Authors: Taylor A , Cooper E , Ham K
Published: April 2018

Case summary

A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented 4 h after being hit by a car. It had bilateral inguinal hernias and a mesenteric rent that were repaired surgically and a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space. No other intra-abdominal abnormalities were identified on abdominal surgical exploration. Approximately 72 h after presentation, the cat started vomiting and developed severe abdominal discomfort. A sudden decrease in mentation and elevation of respiratory rate and effort ensued. Abdominal radiographs showed loss of detail in the abdominal cavity, and abdominocentesis confirmed septic peritonitis. The cat was euthanized, and post-mortem evaluation of the bowel revealed two 1 cm perforations of the jejunum.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, delayed intestinal perforation secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma has not previously been reported in cats. It has been reported in dogs, but the pathophysiology resulting in perforation is poorly understood. Delayed intestinal injury secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma has been reported in people, especially in children, as a result of motor vehicle accidents.
The Paper Janus: How exceptionalism based on regaining influence and doing new media help a Chinese mobile news app negotiate censorship for better journalism
Authors: Deng Jianguo
Published: April 2018

Amid fleeing audience from the state legacy news media to the varied and vociferous new media, the Chinese government launched a mobile news app The Paper ( Pengpai) in 2014 in Shanghai as a pilot test of digital journalism to “regain lost influence.” This seemingly against-the-tide expensive news project makes one wonder: How did The Paper come about and what is its nature? As a government-funded digital media, what old and new strategies have its journalists used in its marketing and content-making to achieve the designated goal of regaining lost influence/win public trust? Through in-depth interviews, this article finds the following: (1) The Paper is a product of patron-clientelism based on a consensus among imperatives of the legitimacy-seeking Party, Confucian-minded and job-losing journalists, and the quality-information-hungry public; (2) as it operates, The Paper has learned to speak both digitally and differently; (3) much like a Janus, its news executives initially used different narratives to the Party and the public to curry favor from both; (4) The Paper used both old and new strategies to negotiate with the censors, most notably two new exceptionalist discourses of “regaining influence” and “doing new media.” The author suggests that, using this exceptionalism trope, The Paper and a score of its clones across China have led Chinese journalism into a phase of “influence-seeking Communist new media-ism (2014–now),” during which Chinese journalists, while honing their digital abilities to propagandize China, have produced some quality digital journalism in public interest with the Party paying the bill.
A Statewide Evaluation of the Outcomes of the Implementation of Asca National Model School Counseling Programs in Rural and Suburban Nebraska High Schools
Authors: Carey John , Harrington Karen , Martin Ian , Hoffman Donna
Published: April 2018

A statewide evaluation of school counseling programs in rural and suburban Nebraska high schools investigated which features of the ASCA National Model were related to student educational outcomes. The authors used hierarchical linear regression and Pearson correlations to explore relationships between program characteristics and student outcomes. Analyses suggested that school counseling program features accounted for statistically significant portions of the variance in a number of important student outcomes. These findings provide support for previous studies linking benefits to students with the more complete implementation of a comprehensive developmental guidance program. Implementing features of the ASCA National Model was associated with improved student outcomes.
A Statewide Evaluation of the Outcomes of the Implementation National Model School Counseling Programs in Utah High Schools
Authors: Carey John , Harrington Karen , Martin Ian , Stevenson Dawn
Published: April 2018

A statewide evaluation of school counseling programs in Utah high schools explored which features of the ASCA National Model were related to student educational outcomes. The authors used hierarchical linear regression and Pearson correlations to examine relationships between program characteristics and student outcomes. School counseling program features accounted for statistically significant portions of the variance in critical student outcomes. Results provide additional support to previous studies that found benefits for students associated with more complete implementation of comprehensive school counseling programs. These findings also indicate that implementing features of the ASCA National Model is associated with improved student outcomes.
Comprehensive School Counseling in Rhode Island: Access to Services and Student Outcomes
Authors: Dimmitt Carey , Wilkerson Belinda
Published: April 2018

This study explored relationships among school counseling practices, secondary school demographics, and student outcomes in the state of Rhode Island during a 2-year period. The results showed strong and consistent correlations between increased amounts of school counseling services and positive student outcomes. Schools with higher percentages of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch status and with higher percentages of minority students provided fewer comprehensive counseling services for their students.
Professional School Counseling (PSC) Publication Pattern Review: A Meta-Study of Author and Article Characteristics from the First 15 Years
Authors: Erford Bradley T. , Giguere Monica , Glenn Kacie , Ciarlone Hallie
Published: April 2018

Patterns of articles published in Professional School Counseling (PSC) from the first 15 volumes were reviewed in this meta-study. Author characteristics (e.g., sex, employment setting, nation of domicile) and article characteristics (e.g., topic, type, design, sample, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures and sophistication) were described and analyzed for trends over 5-year blocks of time.
A Broader and Bolder Approach to School Reform: Expanded Partnership Roles for School Counselors
Authors: Steen Sam , Noguera Pedro A.
Published: April 2018

This article describes a broader, bolder approach to education reform aimed at addressing the social and economic disadvantages that hinder student achievement. Central principles of this approach to reform include the provision of supports such as early childhood and preschool programs, after-school and summer enrichment programs, parent education programs, and school-based or school-linked health services. The authors discuss expanded partnership roles and three priority areas for school counselors to meet the needs of students and address the social, economic, and other barriers that hinder students’ learning: (a) engage families and community members in their children's education, (b) partner to provide high-quality P-12 enrichment and out-of-school programs, and (c) collaborate to connect children to health services.
Culturally Competent Collaboration: School Counselor Collaboration with African American Families and Communities
Authors: Moore-Thomas Cheryl , Day-Vines Norma L.
Published: April 2018

Emerging literature on school-family-community partnerships suggests positive educational and social outcomes for students (Koonce & Harper, 2005; Mitchell & Bryan, 2007). This article discusses the historical and contemporary factors and barriers that affect African American students and their families as they partner with schools and communities. The article explores cultural competence as it relates to effective collaboration and interactions as well as an understanding of the political structures and sociocultural realities of African American students, families, and their communities. Specific models, strategies, and recommendations for school counselors’ and counselor educators’ effective work with African American students and families within school-family-community collaborations are discussed.
A Multidimensional Study of School-Family-Community Partnership Involvement: School, School Counselor, and Training Factors
Authors: Bryan Julia A. , Griffin Dana
Published: April 2018

A multidimensional study examines both the dimensions of school counselors’ involvement in school-family-community partnerships and the factors related to their involvement in partnerships. The School Counselor Involvement in Partnerships Survey was revised and its factor structure examined. Principal factor analyses revealed three dimensions of partnership involvement. A national sample of 217 school counselors was drawn from the Common Core of Data, and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that collaborative school climate, school principal expectations, school counselor self-efficacy about partnerships, role perceptions, time constraints, and hours of partnership-related training were associated with school counselor overall involvement in partnerships. Implications for school counselor practice, training, and research are discussed.
High Rate of Missed Lateral Meniscus Posterior Root Tears on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Wu Isabella T. , Desai Vishal S. , Murthy Naveen S. , Collins Mark S. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Lateral meniscus posterior root tears (LMPRTs), if left untreated, can cause devastating effects to the knee, with rapid articular cartilage degeneration and loss of the meniscus as a secondary stabilizer. Detection and surgical repair of these defects have been linked to favorable outcomes, but preoperative identification of LMPRTs continues to be challenging.

Purpose:

To determine the rate of LMPRTs diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a consecutive series of arthroscopically confirmed LMPRTs.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of 45 consecutive patients with arthroscopically confirmed LMPRTs between 2010 and 2017 were included in this study. The preoperative MRI report for each patient was evaluated and compared with intraoperative findings. Each preoperative MRI study was then reviewed by 2 fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists who worked in consensus.

Results:

A total of 45 patients (32 males, 13 females) with arthroscopically confirmed LMPRTs and a mean age of 27 years (range, 14-54 years) were included in the study. Only 15 of 45 LMPRTs (33%) were initially diagnosed on preoperative MRI. Past or concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was present in 37 of 45 cases (82%). Upon retrospective review, 15 of the 30 missed LMPRTs were “clearly evident,” 12 “subtly evident,” and 3 “occult” (unavoidably missed). There were no significant differences in the rate of LMPRT diagnosis based on history of prior knee surgery, meniscus extrusion, or tearing of the meniscofemoral ligament.

Conclusion:

Despite improved identification of other meniscus tear patterns on MRI, a high percentage of LMPRTs were still missed. In the setting of previous ACL reconstruction, if the root cannot be confidently identified, the MRI interpretation should indicate that “the root is poorly visualized” to alert the surgeon to thoroughly evaluate this structure. The surgeon should maintain a high index of suspicion and carefully probe the posterior root of the lateral meniscus at the time of arthroscopy, especially in cases of ACL injury.
Linking Inuit Knowledge and Public Health for Improved Child and Youth Oral Health in NunatuKavut
Authors: Martin D. , McNally M. , Castleden H. , Worden-Driscoll I. , Clarke M. , Wall D. , Ley M.
Published: April 2018

The oral health of Inuit children in Canada has been identified as a public health crisis. Although efforts are being made to identify and address ways to deal with this crisis, current policy and program approaches are largely entrenched within the prevailing paradigm of dental science to the exclusion of Indigenous people’s understandings of health. This article reports qualitative findings of a larger study aimed at identifying, understanding, and addressing rates of oral disease among children living in NunatuKavut, a cluster of small, coastal Inuit communities located in southern Labrador, Canada. Through 18 focus groups with youth (n = 86), caregivers (n = 22), and interviews with key informant (n = 13), this study begins to elucidate southern Inuit understandings of oral health. Theorized using Two-Eyed Seeing, an Indigenous approach to balancing both Indigenous and non-Indigenous understandings of the world, the findings reported here reveal 3 themes, each of which is crosscut by historical and contemporary dimensions: 1) (w)holistic conceptualizations of health are essential to good oral health, 2) achieving optimal oral health is prohibitive for Inuit communities, and 3) community-engaged oral health service delivery is needed. Our recommendations have implications for improved oral public health service delivery for Inuit communities, in that the inclusion of Inuit perspectives on oral health should form an instrumental element of oral public health service delivery.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study may be used by clinicians and oral health educators to inform approaches to oral health service delivery within the context of Indigenous communities. It may also be used by policymakers to recognize how historical and contemporary issues of colonization relate to the formation of oral health–related policies.
Best Practices for Students With Moderate and Severe Disabilities: A Rural Retrospective
Authors: Collins Belva C. , Ludlow Barbara L.
Published: April 2018

The field of special education’s focus on moderate and severe disabilities (MSD) has undergone a number of changes in the past five decades. Some have been philosophical, some based on research, some based on mandated practices through U.S. law, and some based on the development of better technologies. While pioneers in the field first established the basic principles on which an appropriate education for students with MSD is based, subsequent scholars and professional organizations have determined how those principles are best implemented. As rural special educators involved in the field since the 1970s, we provide a reflection on the barriers and challenges faced by rural special education teachers as they continue to address the needs of rural students with MSD and make suggestions for current and future practices.
Defective RAB1B-related megakaryocytic ER-to-Golgi transport in RUNX1 haplodeficiency: impact on von Willebrand factor
Authors: Jalagadugula Gauthami , Goldfinger Lawrence E. , Mao Guangfen , Lambert Michele P. , Rao A. Koneti
Published: April 2018

Key Points

GTPase RAB1B is a direct transcriptional target of RUNX1 in MK/platelets and is downregulated in RUNX1 haplodeficiency. RUNX1 downregulation is associated with defective RAB1B-related ER-to-Golgi transport and alterations in α-granule vWF.
Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism according to baseline risk factor profiles
Authors: Prins Martin H. , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Prandoni Paolo , Wells Philip S. , Verhamme Peter , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Bauersachs Rupert , Bounameaux Henri , Brighton Timothy A. , Cohen Alexander T. , Davidson Bruce L. , Decousus Hervé , Kakkar Ajay K. , van Bellen Bonno , Pap Akos F. , Homering Martin , Tamm Miriam , Weitz Jeffrey I.
Published: April 2018

Key Points

The risk of recurrence in patients with VTE provoked by minor transient or persistent risk factors is uncertain. The risk of recurrence with VTE provoked by minor transient or persistent risk factors is similar to that with unprovoked VTE.
Outdoor air pollution, exhaled 8-isoprostane and current asthma in adults: the EGEA study
Authors: Havet Anaïs , Zerimech Farid , Sanchez Margaux , Siroux Valérie , Le Moual Nicole , Brunekreef Bert , Stempfelet Morgane , Künzli Nino , Jacquemin Bénédicte , Matran Régis , Nadif Rachel
Published: April 2018

Associations between outdoor air pollution and asthma in adults are still scarce, and the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Our aim was to study the associations between 1) long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and current asthma, 2) exhaled 8-isoprostane (8-iso; a biomarker related to oxidative stress) and current asthma, and 3) outdoor air pollution and exhaled 8-iso.

Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 608 adults (39% with current asthma) from the first follow-up of the French case–control and family study on asthma (EGEA; the Epidemiological study of the Genetic and Environmental factors of Asthma). Data on nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 and ≤2.5 µm (PM10and PM2.5), road traffic, and ozone (O3) were from ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) and IFEN (French Institute for the Environment) assessments. Models took account of city and familial dependence.

The risk of current asthma increased with traffic intensity (adjusted (a)OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.00–1.18) per 5000 vehicles per day), with O3exposure (aOR 2.04 (95% CI 1.27–3.29) per 10 µg·m−3) and with exhaled 8-iso concentration (aOR 1.50 (95% CI 1.06–2.12) per 1 pg·mL−1). Among participants without asthma, exhaled 8-iso concentration increased with PM2.5exposure (adjusted (a)β 0.23 (95% CI 0.005–0.46) per 5 µg·m−3), and decreased with O3and O3-summerexposures (aβ −0.20 (95% CI −0.39– −0.01) and aβ −0.52 (95% CI −0.77– −0.26) per 10 µg·m−3, respectively).

Our results add new insights into a potential role of oxidative stress in the associations between outdoor air pollution and asthma in adults.
Risk of tuberculosis transmission among healthcare workers
Authors: Diel Roland , Niemann Stefan , Nienhaus Albert
Published: April 2018

Data from a prospective molecular-epidemiological study (1997–2015) of patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis in Hamburg, Germany, were evaluated to assess the occupational risk ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex transmission in a low-incidence setting.

Isolates ofM. tuberculosiscomplex were genotyped using IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results of structured questionnaires, geographical mapping and additional patient interviews were used for confirming epidemiological links.

Out of the 2393 cases, 918 (38.4%) were classified into 224 clusters comprising 2–70 patients per cluster. Among the 918 cluster members, epidemiological links could be confirmed in 340 (37.0%) patients. In total, 55 (2.3%) patients were healthcare workers; 26 healthcare workers remained unclustered, but 29 healthcare workers belonged to cluster groups. Conventional contact tracing performed before genotyping to identify sources of the reported index cases detected only 73 (3.1%) patients.

Logistic regression analysis confirmed work in the healthcare sector as strongest predictor for clustering of patients with verified epidemiological links (odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% CI 1.6–5.9), followed by alcoholism (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7–3.2) and sputum smear positivity (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3). Immigrants were more likely to be cluster nonmembers (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.3–0.5). Recent transmission in Hamburg within the 19-year study period was found to be strongly associated with working in a healthcare facility. Although clusters also include many “imported” strains from abroad or regional highly prevalentM. tuberculosisstrains with no evident epidemiological connection, routine molecular-epidemiological survey is indispensable to optimising and controlling the effectiveness of TB control strategies in German healthcare settings.
Case Report: An incidental finding of an metastases noted in a “cancer to cancer adrenal tumor ” from a large malignant nerve sheath tumor of the thigh
Authors: Shaines Matthew D. , Arora Shitij
Published: April 2018

Current guidelines are vague for the management of soft tissue sarcomas, specifically malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), regarding staging the disease with the use of routine abdominal imaging. The most recent guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends to “consider” abdominal/pelvic CT imaging for certain sub groups of sarcomas (e.g., myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, epithelial sarcoma, angiosarcoma,  leiomyosarcoma), but provide no guidance on other sarcoma subtypes regardless of tumor size. We report a case of a very large large MPNST  in a 40 year-old-female with neurofibromatosis type 1 who was incidentally found to have adrenal metastasis.
Usage of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Murray D. W. , Parkinson R. W.
Published: April 2018

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has numerous advantages over total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and one disadvantage, the higher revision rate. The best way to minimize the revision rate is for surgeons to use UKA for at least 20% of their knee arthroplasties. To achieve this, they need to learn and apply the appropriate indications and techniques. This would decrease the revision rate and increase the number of UKAs which were implanted, which would save money and patients would benefit from improved outcomes over their lifetime.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:432–5.