bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anime Trend as An Advert Genre in Indonesian Youtube
Authors: Andari Novi , Litaay Adeline Grace M
Published: December 2022

Anime is a loanword from English 'animation' which is absorbed into Japanese. The rise of anime fans among teenagers in recent years has led companies to increase sales by using product marketing in the form of anime-style advertising media on television. This scientific articles aim to find out about anime trends in Indonesia and what their impact is on the advertising media for a product in Indonesia. This study was conducted by applying the qualitative method of which the discussion was presented descriptively. The data of this study were obtained by using observation and note taking technique. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the number of viewers on anime-style advertisements compared to non-anime-style ads.
A systematic review on shallow geothermal energy system: a light into six major barriers
Authors: Roka Rajendra , Figueiredo António , Vieira Ana , Cardoso José
Published: December 2022

Shallow geothermal energy systems (SGES) are being widely recognized throughout the world in the era of renewable energy promotion. The world is aiming to promote and implement the concept of nearly zero energy consumption in the building sector. Shallow geothermal energy systems have huge potential to meet the heating and cooling demand of a building with low carbon emissions. However, the shallow geothermal system exploration rate and its global contribution to renewable energy used in the buildings sector is yet relatively low. Therefore, this study explores specific barriers which hinder the promotion of shallow geothermal energy systems through a systematic review of the literature. The study was carried out by investigating published papers indexed in Scopus and Web of science core collection databases. The selected papers are focused on shallow geothermal energy systems and barriers to their promotion. Only review and research articles types were included in the analysis and constrained to the topic of closed-loop shallow geothermal energy systems. This system’s promotion has been influenced by the lack of legislation, little knowledge about the conductivity of soil and by high initial investment cost at its topmost. The least influencing barrier is considered to be the heating and cooling efficiency of shallow geothermal energy systems.
Organic maize farming practices in Nigeria: Drivers and barriers
Authors: FALOLA Abraham , MUKAİLA Ridwan
Published: December 2022

Organic farming is gaining global recognition in terms of the role it plays in providing safe and healthy food, income, and maintaining a sustainable environment. Despite these aspects , it faces constraints that, if identified, will play a vital role in its development and formulating policy for its sustainability. Creating an effective policy to improve organic farming necessitates identifying the influencing factors in organic farming method selection as well as barriers encountered. This study, therefore, examined the common types of organic maize farming, their determinants, and their challenges in Nigeria. Primary data collected from 480 respondents were analysed with descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The result revealed that organic manure, compost manure, biocontrol, and cover cropping were used by the farmers to enrich the soil. Farming experience, membership in a farm-based organization, farm distance, education, income, extension contacts, farm size, and cultural compatibility were the influencing factors of different organic farming systems used in maize production. Inadequate organic food accrediting agencies, inability to meet export demand, high cost and scarcity of organic seeds, lack of financial support, poor marketing system, inadequate supporting infrastructure, poor technical know-how, and pest infestation were the most common problems encountered in organic farming. To enhance participation in organic maize farming practices, there is a need to support organic farmers with financial support, accessible organic accreditation centres, training, educational support, and inputs.
Assessment of water stress effects on red beet under the Mediterranean conditions
Authors: KURUNC Ahmet , DOĞANAY Kıvanç Hayri
Published: December 2022

Although there are numerous scientific data on the response of various plants to water stress, there are few studies on red beet in the literature, and non-specifically under the Mediterranean conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of water stress (WS) levels (control-WS0, low-WS20, medium-WS40, high-WS60, and extreme-WS80) on water use, growth, yield parameters, and yield response factor of red beet (Beta vulgaris) in Mediterranean conditions. During the growing season, the highest daily evapotranspiration values were 3.7, 2.8, 2.1, 1.4, and 0.7 mm for the control treatment, low, medium, high, and extreme water stresses, respectively. Soil salinity, plant height, fresh leaf yield, and storage-root yield values were decreased as water stress increased. However, there were no significant differences in soil pH, taproot length, and plant water use efficiency between treatments. Significantly important strong- or moderate-positive linear correlations were observed between soil salinity, evapotranspiration, plant height, fresh leaf yield, and storage-root yield values. The yield response factors for red beet storage-root and fresh leaf yields were found to be 0.88 and 0.98, respectively. The results revealed that red beet is slightly tolerant to water stress, with comparatively lower storage-root and fresh leaf yield reductions under the reduced evapotranspiration caused by water stress.
Shattered Justice: Crime Victims’ Experiences With Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations
Authors: Shlosberg (Kimberley J. Cook) Amy
Published: December 2022

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Türk Katılım Sigortacılığı Sektörünün SD-Waspas Modeliyle Analizi
Authors: TAŞCI Mehmet Zafer , AYDIN ÜNAL Esra
Published: December 2022

Sigorta sektörü, ülke ekonomilerinin gelişmesinde hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Sermaye piyasasının ve ekonomik altyapının gelişmesi için uzun vadeli tasarruf sağlayan ve kaynak yaratan, dolayısıyla ekonominin büyümesine istikrar sağlayan bir sektördür. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde son yıllarda önemli bir büyüme trendi yakalayarak gelişme gösteren, toplam sigortacılık prim üretimi içerisindeki payı her geçen gün artan katılım sigortacılığı sektörünün 2021 yılı 4 çeyrek dönem performanslarının hibrit bir çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak SD ağırlıklandırma yöntemi ile kriterlere ait önem ağırlıkları belirlendikten sonra WASPAS yöntemi ile alternatifler sıralanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda katılım sigorta şirketlerinin performansının belirlenmesinde genel olarak en önemli kriterin kısa vadeli borçlar / toplam aktifler kriteri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bereket Katılım Hayat A.Ş.’nin ele alınan dönemlerde istikrarlı bir şekilde finansal performans sıralamasında ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
From principles to practice: an oline learning experience on designing at brazilian university
Authors: Garbin Mônica , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: December 2022

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus affected the year 2020 causing the migration of educational curricula developed in the face-to-face mode for Emergency Remote Education (ERE). `public university in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), in two periods in 2020: June 22 to July 31; September 3 to October 14, for about 260 graduate students. The course aimed to contribute to improving the training of graduate students with a focus on teaching in higher distance education, supported by digital information and communication tools that enable pedagogical mediation. This paper aims to present the pedagogical project of the developed course, as well as the experience of using methodologies and pedagogies focused on remote education in higher education. The collected data shows that the course allowed for a growth in the academic training of future teaching trainees at the University of São Paulo.
Tecnologias digitais e pandemia COVID-19: desafios sentidos pelos professores da educação básica
Authors: Jesus Correia Santos Teresa , Palmira Alves Maria
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo que teve como principal objetivo compreender como os professores do ensino básico perspetivaram o ensino remoto de emergência, os constrangimentos sentidos e aspetos positivos salientados, tendo em conta as tecnologias adotadas para a mediação pedagógica, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para a recolha de dados, acautelamos os procedimentos éticos, nomeadamente, o anonimato e a participação voluntária. Participaram no estudo 377 professores, que, responderam a um inquérito por questionário, que continha itens, em escala tipo likert, sobre ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação e terminava com duas questões abertas: 1) sobre os principais constrangimentos desta modalidade de ensino e 2) principais aspetos positivos. Utilizamos o software webQDA para apoiar a análise dos dados destas questões.

Os resultados relevam que a pandemia acelerou a urgência do digital na educação, obrigou professores e alunos a evoluírem, evidenciou as desigualdades entre os alunos com e sem computador, com e sem conectividade. Ao contemplar diferentes ritmos de aprendizagem, as tecnologias potenciam o desenvolvimento das competências ao nível das TIC; os alunos mais tímidos ou com mais dificuldades desenvolveram mais competências nesta modalidade de ensino, assim como, se verificou a melhoria do comportamento dos alunos.
Professor de Biologia Youtuber® e seu papel no ensino: reflexos no engajamento dos estudantes
Authors: Amorim Douglas de Carvalho , Paulo Leopoldo Mercado Luis
Published: December 2022

O Youtube® é a maior plataforma de vídeos conhecida no mundo atualmente e com diferentes finalidades. No contexto de ensino de Biologia, vem se destacando ao longo do tempo por meio de iniciativas de professores independentes que compartilham seus conhecimentos na plataforma. Contudo, como problemática, este estudo levanta o seguinte questionamento: como os estudantes/usuários da plataforma têm reagido às vídeoaulas destes professores? O estudo teve abordagem qualitativa com delineamento exploratório. Os participantes deste estudo foram estudantes que interagiram por meio de comentários nos canais mais conhecidos sobre Biologia no Brasil. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a observação participante, seguida da análise do conteúdo. Como resultados, constatamos que ainda que o Youtube® auxilie em processos de ensino e aprendizagem de Biologia, por si só é insuficiente para garantir a aprendizagem de conteúdos de forma integral, uma vez que as dúvidas levantadas pelos estudantes não são esclarecidas pelos professores. Além disso, o surgimento de uma pseudociência pode ser uma ameaça para estudantes que discutem os conhecimentos biológicos em articulação com religiões, ficção científica ou entretenimento.
Conditioning factors in the remote learning context in higher education
Authors: Lousã Mário , Eva
Published: December 2022

With the epidemiological setting produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, information technologies have increased in importance in education and have become even more significant, forcing unanticipated and fundamental adjustments in work organization. To guarantee that students continue to study, these developments in educational institutions have led to the growing usage of remote learning. This study investigates the factors that either support or constrain students' perceptions of their perceived efficacy and skill development in a remote learning environment during the second COVID-19 lockdown, in Portugal. Between March 1 and March 15, 2021, 258 students (higher school) who were enrolled in remote learning responded to a web-based cross-sectional survey. The results of a regression analysis revealed several conditioning factors for this learning mode that could impact on students' efficacy and soft skills development: technology issues, learning conditions (e.g., autonomy, study materials) and demotivation were all significant factors. Given the current and future generations of students, the results of this study provide clues for managers and teachers of higher education establishments to develop digital strategies to provide innovative, attractive, and motivating learning environments.
Effectiveness of rub ash waste as adsorbent household waste water
Authors: Junaidi Eka , Loka I Nyoman , Idrus Syarifa Wahidah Al , Sofia Baiq Fara Dwirani
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of rice husk ash as an adsorbent to reduce phosphate levels in household wastewater and inexpensively. This research is an experimental laboratory research using the spectrophotometric method. Research data can be obtained through a series of experimental stages, including 1). Preparation of phosphate standard solution curve, 2). Determination of phosphate content before and after passing the adsorbent for the analyzed sample, 3). Determine the effectiveness of adsorbents in reducing phosphate levels in household wastewater. The effectiveness of rice husk ash as an adsorbent can be determined by comparing the phosphate levels before and after household wastewater is passed to the adsorbent. The magnitude of the reduction in phosphate content indicates the amount of phosphate adsorbed on the ash. Based on the experimental results, it is known that phosphate can be measured using a UV VIS Reign 1900 spectrometer at a wavelength of 693 nm. The standard phosphate solution curve was made based on the absorbance measurement of the series of standard phosphate solutions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppm) used. In this study, the curve of the standard phosphate solution has the line equation: Y = 0.1723 X + 0.3823 with a correlation coefficient of 0.8633. In the equation of the line, Y indicates the absorbance value of the sample read on the spectrometer, while X indicates the concentration value of the substance being analyzed. Based on the equation of the curve line of the standard phosphate solution, it is used as a reference in determining the phosphate content of the sample by interpolating the absorbance that is read on the spectrometer owned by the sample and then determining the concentration value. Based on the calculation results, it was found that the ability to rice husk ash as an adsorbent to reduce phosphate levels in household wastewater was, on average, 52.54%. The ability of rice husk ash is still relatively small compared to the ability of rice husk ash as an adsorbent on heavy metals. In addition, phosphorus (P) as a constituent of phosphate has a smaller size (P diameter = 1.00) when compared to silica (diameter = 1.10), which is the largest composition in the ash. The difference in the size of the radius of phosphorus is smaller than that of silica. It is suspected as one of the causes of the phosphate content retained in the rice husk ash as an adsorbent is not too large. However, the percentage value of rice husk ash to reduce phosphate levels is still considered quite good as an adsorbent if the goal is to reduce phosphate levels from household wastewater that is discharged directly into the environment.
Comparison of Nature of Science Profile in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Secondary Science Textbooks: Case of Electricity Lesson
Authors: Dhitareka Putra Habib , Hidayat Arif , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: December 2022

Nature of Science is a significant element in science education, especially for the linkages to scientific literacy. As one of an educational support for both teachers and students, textbooks become crucial for teaching and learning. Textbooks may elicit NOS understanding for students and guide teacher to deliver NOS understanding. The way to make better process and outcome, integration of NOS into the textbooks comprehensively is crucial. To get a better understanding of NOS within the diverse framework, an inclusive framework is needed to get better understanding, thus, Family Resemblance Approach is chosen. This study aims to identify the profile of NOS integration and NOS quality in secondary science textbooks by comparing different textbook from three neighboring countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore). Descriptive research design with content analysis method conducted to identify the documents using the Family Resemblance Approach to NOS as the analytical framework. The results show that Indonesian textbooks presenting most abundance of NOS, but contain most materials delivered and the quality is mainly at low level. Malaysian textbooks contain the least representation but contain well proportion for the quality and materials presented. Singapore textbooks is least materials with abundance of NOS and consist of high-level quality of NOS. This may lead the conformity of the significance of textbooks elicited students understanding of NOS
Interactive Learning Multimedia: A Shortcut for Boosting Gen-Z’s Digital literacy in Science Classroom
Authors: Natsir Siti Zahra Mulianti , Rubini Bibin , Ardianto Didit , Madjid Nurhaedah
Published: December 2022

This study aims to develop interactive multimedia learning to sharpen Gen- Z’s digital literacy on the material of substance pressure. The method used is research and development with research instruments including multimedia validation sheets, digital literacy questionnaires, teachers’ response questionnaires, and Gen- Z response questionnaires. The research began with need analysis, then continued with the multimedia design stage. The multimedia design stage produces the first draft of multimedia and research instruments. The first draft of the multimedia was validated at the development stage. The development stage included the validation of multimedia and research instruments, as well as a limited field test.  A valid Multimedia was subsequently implemented into science learning. The evaluation stage was carried out by administering a questionnaire on digital literacy questionnaires and teachers’ and students’ response questionnaires. The results showed that learning multimedia was declared feasible based on a content validity value of 100%, and Gen - Z’s digital literacy index obtained a score of 3.30 or was in the medium category. It can be concluded that interactive learning multimedia can be an alternative way in enhancing Gen-Z's digital on-substance pressure materials. This study shows that science learning can contribute to accelerating digital transformation by enhancing youths’ capacity in digital literacy
Development of E-Worksheet Based on Discovery Learning to Improve Students' Decision-Making Skill and Scientific Attitude
Authors: Soenarko I Gede Karunia , Purwoko Agus Abhi , Hadisaputra Saprizal
Published: December 2022

The goal of this study is to create an E-worksheet product based on discovery learning that will help students improve their decision-making skills and scientific attitudes. This E-worksheet was created using the 4D development methodology, which includes the processes of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Students in class XI science SMAN 6 Mataram served as test subjects for this study. The limited trial is taught in one lesson, while the wide trial is taught in two classes. The ANCOVA test, descriptive percentage techniques, and percentage of agreement were used to analyze the data. The practicality data analysis revealed that teachers and students responded with a percentage of 80 and 86.42 percent, respectively, showing that the E-worksheet evolved in the practical category. The results of the effectiveness test using the ANCOVA test obtained Fcount > Ftable (8.28 > 3.98) on decision-making skills and Fcount > Ftable (6.94 > 3.98) on scientific attitude with a significant level of 5%. The null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, which means that E-worksheet influences discovery learning to improve students' decision-making skills and scientific attitudes in grade-eleventh science students. The E-worksheet based on discovery learning is practical and successful for enhancing students' decision-making skills and scientific attitudes toward grade-eleventh science students, according to the research objectives and findings.
Development of Differentiated Physics Teaching Modules Based on Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Marlina Leni , Dariyani Nuriz , Sriyanti Ida , Sudirman Sudirman , Meilinda Meilinda
Published: December 2022

A differentiated teaching module based on kurikulum merdeka has been successfully developed on measurement materials in good and practical scientific work. The Alessi and Trollip development model, which consists of three stages, was used in this study. These stages are the planning stage, the design stage, and the development stage. During the planning stage, the researcher performed the following tasks: 1) an analysis of the needs of driving school teachers in three districts, namely Banyuasin, OIC, and East OKU, and 2) a diagnostic analysis of student learning styles at SMA Negeri 1 Semendawai Suku III OKU Timur, and 3) observation and analysis of the independent curriculum structure. Following the planning and design stages, researchers conduct alpha and beta tests during the development stage. The Alpha test is used to determine the level of validity of the developed teaching module. Meanwhile, the Beta test is being conducted to determine the practicability of the developed teaching module. The results of the second Alpha test yielded an excellent percentage of 100%. The acceptable rate of the second Beta test results is 100%. Based on the findings of this study, the independent curriculum-based differentiated teaching module on measurement materials in scientific work developed is valid and practical, making it suitable for use in high school physics learning
Analysis Students’ Learning Motivation on the Implementation of Direct Instruction Learning Model
Authors: Hidayati Lutfiah Nur , Utami Restu , Wiyarsi Antuni , Ikhsan Jaslin
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze students’ learning motivation on the implementation of Direct Instruction learning model in Muhammadiyah Pakem Senior High School. The research design used in this research is pre-experimental with a one-shot case study. The study sample consisted of all class X students with a total of 11 students. Sampling technique using is purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by questionnaires to measure students' learning motivation. The data analysis used is a descriptive analysis by calculating the percentage of the overall score on the learning motivation questionnaire. The results of the study were the level of students’ learning motivation in Muhammadiyah Pakem Senior High School in the high-very high category. The present of the teachers in the Direct Instruction learning model have a big role to develop students' learning motivation
Effect of Blended Learning Model (BLM) on Student Achievements: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asrizal Asrizal , Khairi Ukhlufi , Yulkifli  , Murtiani Murtiani , Mardian Vivi
Published: December 2022

The 21st-century learning requires teachers to develop the abilities of students and change the learning system from teacher-centered to student-centered. In fact, the learning process still uses conventional and teacher-centered methods, so that student learning outcomes are low. For this reason, the BLM (Blended Learning Model) is applied to improve student learning outcomes in physics subjects. This study aims to determine the effect of similar studies using the BLM on students’ achievement. The type of research used is meta-analysis research with a quantitative approach. The results of this study are the first, namely the influence of similar studies from the BLM which shows that BLM has a significant influence on student achievement. Second, based on grade level, the effect of similar studies from the BLM shows that grade XI has a more significant impact. Third, based on the learning material, the effect of similar studies from the BLM shows that the optical topic has a significant impact. Fourth, based on learning media that has a more significant impact than similar studies, namely the schoology application. This research can be used as a reference for developing BLM on different materials, school levels, and various interactive media
Development of Analysis and Validation of Human Insulin-Containing Matrices Using Reverse Phase-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ambarsari Christy , Suryadi Herman , Yanuar Arry
Published: December 2022

Licensed drugs containing human insulin are used as a routine therapy to maintain blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Meanwhile, production and storage factors can reduce the potency of these drugs, and this is important for patients. Therefore, a fast and reliable analytical method is needed to ensure quality, as well as safety and effectiveness without being affected by the matrices content, such as m-cresol and glycerol. The study was developed with the high-performance liquid chromatography using a reverse-phase column ReliantÔ C-18 (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 mm), 40°C column temperature, 215 nm UV-Vis detector, 1 mL/min flow rate, and 20 mL injection volume, while, ethylparaben was used as an internal standard. Furthermore, the separation was conducted with solution A and B containing Na2SO4 pH 2.3 and Na2SO4 pH 2.3 in acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) in a ratio of 38:62, v/v, while validation was performed according to ICH guideline. The human insulin retention time was 5.04±0.009 minutes, with linearity of 9.74-146.03 mg/mL (r = 0.9997). Accuracy and precision were 100.71±1.11% and 0.64%, while LOD and LOQ were 0.193 mg/mL and 0.643 mg/mL respectively. Human insulin remained stable at 23°C for 48 hours as demonstrated by ANOVA, a0.05. Based on the results, this method has the potential to separate human insulin from A-21 desamido insulin as a degradant and matrices, as well as allowing for testing many products in a short time.
Catalytic Cracking of Crude Palm Oil Using Ni-Carbon with Ion Exchange Method
Authors: Nazarudin Nazarudin , Prabasari Ira Galih , Setiawansyah Agus Ari , Ulyarti Ulyarti
Published: December 2022

According to data from the National Energy Council (DEN) (2016), the energy consumption in Indonesia is increasing every year and will increase 1.8 times in 2025, this requires an alternative energy to back up the energy needs. One such alternative energy strategy is to use biodiesel. Biodiesel can be obtained from Crude Palm Oil using a catalytic cracking process. This study investigated the cracking of Crude Palm Oil using Ni-carbon with ion exchange method. The concentration of the metal solution used was 1, 2 and 3%, with temperature 450, 500 and 550 ° C. The catalyst was analyzed by XRD and showed that the highest pattern at 25.6º on 2% solution. The catalyst characterized by SEM-EDX showed that the nickel metal bonded to the 1, 2, and 3% Ni-Charcoal catalysts was 02.01, 1.13 and 2.09%, respectively and the average of catalytic cracking product conversion at concentrations of 1, 2and 3% was 62.55, 66.52 and 56.50%, respectively.
Influence of Quantum Teaching Learning Model Assisted Digital Media (Edmodo) Toward Science Literature and Self-Efficiency of Highschool Students
Authors: Muliaman Agus , Fitriani Henni , Usrati Khaira , Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Quantum Teaching learning model assisted by digital media (edmodo) on scientific literacy and self-efficacy. The type of research conducted is experimental research using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study included all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Muara Batu. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample in this study is class X MIPA 1 as the experimental class and X MIPA 2 as the control class. The experimental class was treated using the Quantum Teaching learning model while the control class was treated using the conventional learning model. The results of student literacy were obtained through a scientific literacy test instrument that had been validated and student self-efficacy was obtained through the provision of a valid student self-efficacy assessment questionnaire. Hypothesis testing in this study using independent sample t-test. The results of the t-test results of scientific literacy have a sig value of 0.038 <0.05 and the t-test results for students' self-efficacy have a sig value of 0.045 <0.05. So that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, in other words this means that there is a significant influence of the Quantum teaching learning model assisted by digital media (Edmodo) on the results of scientific literacy and self-efficacy of high school students.
Sanitary Hygiene of Refilled Drinking Water Depots during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Herniwanti Herniwanti , Sudarto Edi , Zaman Kamali , Dewi Oktavia , Rany Novita
Published: December 2022

The Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) pandemic requires people to behave cleanly and healthily to increase the need for clean drinking water. Based on a survey conducted by the Bengkalis District Health Office, it was found that 55% of the people used drinking water from refill depots. The purpose of this study was to determine the Sanitation Hygiene of Drinking Water Depots during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Bengkalis, Riau. This research method is a quantitative descriptive analysis using secondary data from the Bengkalis Health Service for a depot that has sanitation requirements for drinking water depots according to the reference. The research location is in Bengkalis District with a sample of 40 drinking water depots and analyzed for four parameters of drinking water depot sanitation inspection: place, equipment, handlers, and drinking water quality standard certificates. Sanitation hygiene inspection was obtained for the parameters of the place, equipment, and handlers with 100% achievement and only 25% certificate of water quality standard and proper hygiene. It is necessary to innovate drinking water treatment technology for drinking water sources that are healthy, guaranteed, cheap, and free from disease and to support the PHBS and STMB programs during the Covid-19 period.
Morphological changes in liver of wistar rats induced by Gold Kushta
Authors: Saadia Raza  , Sakina Jamil  , Sadaf Shafique  , Raees Abbas Lail  , Syed Saad Gardezi  , A.H.Nagi
Published: December 2022

Objective: To observe hepatic changes induced by Gold Kushta. In our study the histopathological effects of Gold Kushta was seen in livers of Wistar rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Period: 1st July 2019 to 31st Dec 2019. Material & Method: Total of 28 wistar rats of 6 – 8 weeks of age and weighing 200 – 250 grams which were then randomly divided into 4 groups each containing 7 rats. The groups were labelled as G I, II, III and IV. These groups were given preparations of gold in the form of kushta for a period of 8 weeks. The gold kushta was given in the form of pellets. Group I was taken as Control, G II was given single dose kushta 0.15 mg and G III was given double dose kushta 0.3mg on alternate days. Group IV was given a single dose of BSA (bovine serum albumin) 75mg (250mg/kg body wt) at the start of experiment and Gold kushta 0.3 mg on alternate days. Histopathological changes were then seen in lobules, sinusoids, kupffer cells and central veins of livers of wistar rats. Results: The histological examination of liver showed sinusoidal congestion and central vein congestion, apoptosis, necrosis and hydropic degeneration as common features. In addition fatty degeneration, inflammation and kupffer cell hyperplasia were also seen in few cases. These changes were observed in all the above groups except group G I serving as control. More changes were seen in high dose groups and the groups given BSA inj. (Group II, III and IV). Conclusion: Thus, indigenous preparations of gold kushta have detrimental effects over livers of wistar rats and are thus hepatotoxic.
Patterns of inheritance and diagnostic features of spinal muscular atrophy, in areas with high rates of consanguineous marriages.
Authors: Syed Muhammad Ali Haider  , Tehniat Bashir  , Qurat-ul-Ain  , Wahid Ali  , Somayya Siddiqa  , Saad Farrukh Malik
Published: December 2022

Objective: To explore the diagnostic features and inheritance patterns of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in children at three tertiary care public hospitals. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences Taxila Cantt. Period: January 2022 to March 2022. Material & Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of the past ten years from January 2011 to December 2020 of three tertiary care public hospitals was conducted. Socio-demographic characteristics, consanguinity, and diagnostic features (including genetic investigation) were also considered. Results: A total of 70 children were diagnosed with SMA during the research study period and the most prevalent variation found among them was Werdnig Hoffmanver illness (SMA type I), affecting 40-57 percent of the children. The study found that 67 percent of the research group showed a high level of paternal consanguinity. The deletion of a gene, survival motor neuron (SMN1) was discovered in 21 (88%) genetically tested children out of 24, while 17 (71%) genetically studied patients were found to be positive for the deletion of specific apoptotic proteins called neuronal apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIP). Conclusion: In our study, SMA type 1 is the most prevalent. This piece of literature emphasizes the importance of antenatal detection and the need to increase awareness among high-risk societies with prevalent consanguineous marriages like Pakistan to lessen the disease load.
Evaluation of clinical laboratory parameters in COVID-19 positive cases admitted in Islamabad from May to July 2021.
Authors: Murtaza Hasnain  , Muhammad Usman  , Sheikh Ishaque Aamir  , Hamza Irshad  , Muhammad Akram
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the variation of laboratory parameters in COVID-19 positive patients with different genders and age groups and clarify the consequences of COVID-19 infection on different patients. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: IHITC (Isolation Hospital & Infectious Treatment Center), Islamabad. Period: 20th May, 2021 to 25th July, 2021. Material & Methods: With 222 participants was conducted in 119 were COVID positive serve as Case and 103 were COVID negative considered as control. Blood samples were drawn from all participants of study to measure biochemical and hematological laboratory parameters with demographic characteristics. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of different lab parameters analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results: Total 222 participants were analyzed having 115 (50.7%) male and 107 (49.3%) female having mean age 60±13.8. No significant variation has been seen in ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid having mean values with in normal range. In 119 positive patients, ALT (p=0.001) (t=2.031), urea (p=0.001) (t=7.590), Ferritin (p=0.001) (t=7.13), CRP (p=0.001) (t=9.90) and D-dimer (p=0.001) (t=5.962) were elevated and good predictor of poor prognosis of disease. Pathological impacts of COVID-19 were also represented by hematological parameters including WBC count (p=0.001) (t=7.126), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (p=0.001) (t=9.042) and Lymphocyte count (p=0.001) (t=-12.707). Conclusion: According to this research, males and old age population is more susceptible to SARS-2. Our study suggests that laboratory biomarkers including ALT, Urea, Ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and WBC count are significantly associated with poor prognosis in Covid-19 patients.
Subhepatic acute appendictits in a 10-year-old male child; typical presentation with atypical location: A case report.
Authors: Sara Malik  , Osama Sheroz Khan  , Afsheen Zafar  , Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Sialvi  , Abdul Aziz
Published: December 2022

Acute appendicitis, the most frequent emergency in digestive surgery, is a well-known pathology in children and young adults. Its diagnosis presents some difficulties in the elderly. Appendicitis taking place in the subhepatic space (i.e., subhepatic appendicitis) is largely not common, and it occurs as a result of intestinal malrotation and/or mal-descent of the cecum during embryonic development. In our case a 10 year old male child has presented in the emergency department of Pakistan Railway Hospital, with complaints of pain at the right iliac fossa, associated with nausea and three episodes of vomiting. The child also had decreased oral intake since developing the pain. On examination, the child had a pulkse rate of 100 beats per min and a blood pressure of 100/60mmHg. The abdomen was soft with marked tenderness at the right iliac fossa along with guarding in the lower abdomen. There was associated rebound tenderness and psoas sign was also positive. After optimization open appendectomy planned, The caecum was found to be reaching the lower border of the liver and upon mobilizing the caecum, the appendix was located in a sub-he patic retrocecal position (Image 1). The appendix was markedly inflamed and was tortuous in its course with adhesions attaching it to the wall of the caecum. It has been concluded that among 0.009 percent subhepatic acute appendicitis presentation our 10-year-old child was an addition but with typical symptoms of acute appendicitis.
Maternal complications in women presenting with first trimester threatened miscarriage.
Authors: Neelam Saba  , Bushra Iftikhar  , Mukhtiar Begum Noonari  , Farzana Nasir  , Nazia Hashim  , Sonia Naqvi
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of miscarriage, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, placental abruption and preterm birth in women with first trimester threatened miscarriage. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetric & Gynaecology, Sir Syed Hospital and Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital (Karachi). Period: April, 2021 to March, 2022. Material & Methods: Ninety two women 18-40 year old, diagnosed as threatened miscarriage at ≤ 13 weeks based on history, examination and ultrasound were included in the study after informed consent and followed till delivery. Women with genital infection, other form of miscarriage and multiple pregnancy were excluded. Data recorded from hospital documents. Maternal age, parity and Gestational age assessed. Miscarriage, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, placental abruption, preterm birth and PPROM expressed as frequency and percentages. Logistic regression analysis performed. Chi square test (x2) used and P-value ≤ 0.05 taken as significant. Results: Mean age of women was 29.21±3.49 years. Mean parity was 2.65±1.15. Mean Gestational age at presentation was 7.96±1.78 weeks. 11.11%. (10/90) cases had miscarriage. 88.88% (80/90) women continued their pregnancy. 42.5% (34/80) had hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. 20% had pregnancy induced hypertension and 22.5% had pre-eclampsia. Preterm birth was seen in 26.3% (21/80). Frequency of PPROM and placental abruption was 6.3% (5/80) each. Women of 21-25 yr age were more at risk of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy than other age groups. There was no significant affect of maternal age and parity on preterm birth and placental abruption. Frequency of Preterm birth was 38.4% in women with hypertensive disorder, more than 2 times higher than non-hypertensives (17.4%) and found significant (P-value=0.043). Conclusion: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was the most common maternal complication observed in women who had threatened miscarriage in first trimester. Preterm birth had significant association with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
Effects of cow dung ash and calcium hydroxide on geotechnical properties of expansive and loose soil
Authors: Raheem S. B  , Oladiran G. F  , Okeniyi A. G  , Adewuyi T. O
Published: December 2022

The study is an investigation into the effects of CDA and Ca (OH)2 on geotechnical properties of expansive (Sample A) and loose soil (Sample B). The experiments were designed to study the effects of adding CDA in various percentages by weight (5%, 15% and 15%) of dry soil with 5% constant Ca (OH)2, which produces pozzolanic reactions in soil samples. Sample A was collected at Moniya, Ibadan, Sample B from The polytechnic, Ibadan and, cow dung was obtained from a farm settlement at Ilora, Oyo State, the dung was air dried and then calcined at 500 0C – 600 0C, after which it was sieved using 600µm sieve. The samples were subjected to the following laboratory tests; Natural moisture content, Particle (grain) size analysis, Atterberg limit test, Compaction test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test. The NMC test shows that sample A retains more water than sample B given by the values 26% and 6% respectively, the particle size analysis results showed that sample A has highest percentage of clay passing sieve no. 200 (75µm) i.e. 62.86%, while sample B has 7.27%, this indicates that sample A with high silt clay content are susceptible to volume changes when wet. The liquid limit and plasticity index for sample A is 49% and 28% respectively while sample B is a cohesionless soil. This shows that sample A has high clay content and its load bearing capacity could be reduced when wet. The AASHTO system classified sample A as A-7-6, and sample B as A-3. This shows sample A is fair to poor while sample B is excellent to good. The maximum dry densities ranged from 1.61mg/m3 to 1.87mg/m3 and Optimum moisture contents range from 19.2% to 16.36% respectively. The CBR value of sample A as to the varying percentage are 2.07%, 10.62% (0% CDA & 5% Ca(OH)2) , 12.69%, 16.77%, 31.41% while CBR value of sample B are thus: 32.7%, 27.06% (0% CDA & 5% Ca(OH)2), 12.09%, 16.2%, 16.74%. It was then observed that CDA at 15% and Ca(OH)2 at 5% is the optimum for expansive soils while adding CDA and Ca(OH)2 to loose soil will increase the OMC and thus reduce its engineering properties.
Implementation of OHS during the Covid 19 pandemic in the Semarang Ocean Pier project
Authors: Agus Bambang Siswanto  , Mukhamad Afif Salim  , Amrita Winaya Shita Dewi  , Tigo Mindiastiwi  , Purwantini
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected the conditions of various sectors of life, one of which is the construction sector. The wharf construction project which must continue requires the addition of health protocols to the application of OHS to prevent the spread of Covid-19 as well as monitoring and controlling the implementation of OHS in the project area. This study aims to find out how the effect of the implementation of OHS as well as the monitoring and control of the implementation of OHS on the project. From the results of processing the questionnaire data sourced from construction workers in the Design and Build project of Strengthening and Elevating the Ocean Pier of Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang, it can be seen that there are 22 (twenty two) items of OHS implementation that have been implemented with the implementation of OHS that The most influential was the making of a circular about the dangers of Covid-19 and the precautions for Covid-19. From the research results it is also known that there are 8 (eight) monitoring and control measures on the implementation of OHS with the most influential action being the application of moderate sanctions for violations of prokes in the project area.
Psychological and sociocultural adaptation of medical university international students in Armenia
Authors: Sahakyan LS  , Mkrthchyan NS  , Patel AN  , Rather Mohd RR  , Barapatre DS  , Saharyan AV  , Shaljyan AL  , Antonyan AG
Published: December 2022

Moving from one academic environment to another and relocating in a new country to study is becoming an increasingly common occurrence. The article deals with the problem of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students who come to study in Armenia at medical universities. Based on the results of a study conducted in 2021-2022, the degree of adaptability of Indian students to the new social, cultural and academic realities of Armenia was studied. The object of the study was 140 students who arrived from India and study at the Mkhitar Gosh Armenian-Russian International University. It has been established that the most important factors for successful adaptation to new conditions for a foreign student are overcoming the language barrier, creating a favorable communication system of interaction, getting used to the conditions of the Armenian education system. Most of the respondents agreed that they like the Armenian culture and that there are linguistic similarities between the two peoples. This fact can serve as a basis for successful adaptation to the Armenian reality. Conclusion: This study identifies to lighted critical issues in supporting international students with adaptation problems to university life in Armenia. It is on this basis that we can talk about symmetrical adaptation. The results of the study can be used in educational activities to optimize the process of adaptation of foreign medical students.
Formulation and evaluation of topical anti-microbial herbal cream
Authors: Deepa V  , Gururaj S Kulkarni  , Padma M Paarakh
Published: December 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of neem oil with liquid paraffin and coconut oil and their combination on the bacteria E. coli, S. auerus and Candida albicans, which causes skin diseases ,increasingly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics as a result of colonization of the skin. Methods: Nine different emulsions were prepared and evaluation were carried out including Homogeneity, FTIR,Phytochemical tests, Drug content and In-vitro drug release and Anti-Microbial studies were performed. Results: The results revealed that the Phyto chemical Screening of Neem oil found to be presence of Alkaloids, glycosides, Saponins, flavonoids pH of the cream was found to be in the range of 5.8-6.7 which is good for the skin pH. All the formulation were near to the skin pH. The viscosity of the cream was found 28008-28932 cps. Conclusion: Phyto chemical Screening of Neem extract were done and found to be presence of Alkaloids, glycosides, Saponins, flavonoids etc were present. IR studies revealed that there was no drug Excipients interaction. During our physicochemical evaluation studies all the formulation were found to have good ,pH and Viscosity,diffusion .In-vitro drug release studies showed that, the formulation F9 showed optimum drug release 97.17±2.000 in 3 hours. The tested organisms, particularly gram positive, gram-negative organisms and Fungi Candida albicans had shown high resistance towards different Antibiotics, Thus neem oil is effective against drug resistant organisms.