bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Screening and Effective Rabbit-Derived Fab Antibodies Production Based on Yeast Surface Display
Authors: Shen Weili , Gong Tingting , Shao Changli
Published: February 2025

Background:

Antibodies have broad applications in various fields, such as biology
and medicine. The screening and preparation of highly specific and sensitive antibodies are essential
research areas. Several techniques for the preparation of mouse-derived antibodies have
been developed, but limited studies on rabbit-derived antibodies with a broader antibody profile
and easier humanization are reported.

Objective:

An improved yeast surface display technique was used for rapid screening of rabbitderived
Fab antibodies.

Method:

After RNA extraction from peripheral rabbit blood, a cDNA library was obtained by
reverse transcription. After recombinant vector construction, the expressed sequence in the form
of Fab antibody structure was fused to the N-terminal end of Aga2p in the vector; a bidirectional
promoter was inserted and successfully expressed in brewer's yeast EBY100. In addition, sequences,
such as leucine zipper and inulinase signal peptide (INU), were inserted into the recombinant
vector to improve the expression and stability of Fab antibody further.

Results:

A biotin-labeled salbutamol marker was synthesized, and two rabbit-derived salbutamol-
Fab antibodies were screened in three weeks using fluorescence-activated cell sorting
(FACS).

Conclusion:

After antigen-binding kinetic studies, the screened antibodies demonstrated good
affinity and specificity.
Evaluation of Carbamazepine and Gabapentin’s Safety and Efficacy in Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan Yang , Shang Haitao , Han Tao
Published: February 2025

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of carbamazepine in
treating trigeminal neuralgia in contrast to gabapentin. Hence, a systematic review and metaanalysis
of randomised controlled trials had been carried out.

Methods:

The relevant studies were searched in PubMed and filtered according to the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. Independently, two reviewers chose the studies, evaluated the quality of
the investigations, and retrieved the data. RevMan was used for analysis when the data were collected
and entered into the data extraction sheet. In addition to heterogeneity, the overall estimate
measures were computed as mean differences with a 95% confidence interval for continuous
data and relative risk for dichotomous data. To investigate the impact of outliers on the result,
a sensitivity analysis was performed. A funnel plot was used to qualitatively evaluate the
publishing bias. A total of 1,650 participants from 19 randomised controlled trials were evaluated.

Results:

The meta-analysis revealed that the group receiving gabapentin therapy had a similar
overall effective rate to the group receiving carbamazepine therapy (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.46,
2.57, P = 0.32). Additionally, our meta-analysis revealed that the group receiving gabapentin
therapy witnessed a significantly lower risk of adverse reactions than the group receiving carbamazepine
therapy (OR= 0.29, 95% CI 0.22, 0.387, P<0.00001).

Conclusion:

In summary, the current trials comparing carbamazepine and gabapentin have had
inadequate methodological quality. It is not possible to conclude that gabapentin is more effective
than carbamazepine in terms of adverse effects based on the evidence that is currently available.
Quercetin Inhibits Ectopic Lesion Formation in Mice by Modulating the MAT2A/PRMT5 Pathway through PPARγ Activation
Authors: Zhang Shun , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Zeng Qiu-Xia , Wang Li , Li Kong-Xian , Chen Qi
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the impact of quercetin on a mouse model of
endometriosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

An endometriosis model was established using C57BL/6 mice, which were divided
into three groups: 1) sham group, 2) model group, and 3) model group treated with daily gavage
administration of 100 mg/kg/d quercetin. After three weeks, mice were euthanized, and histopathological
examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The microstructure
of the lesions was examined using electron microscopy, and the expression level of Sadenosylmethionine
(SAM) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Additionally, the expressions of related proteins, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-γ (PPARγ) and methionine adenosyl-transferase 2A (MAT2A), were analyzed via Western
blotting. Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the expressions of Ki67, vimentin,
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Caspase-1.

Results:

The endometriosis mice model was successfully established and characterized by ectopic
lesions displaying transparent or red vesicular or nodular features with a visible vascular network
on the surface. In the model group, endometrial epithelial hyperplasia exhibited columnar
morphology, increased mesenchymal cell numbers, and regular cell morphology. Conversely, in
the medication group, endometrial stromal cell numbers were sparse, cell morphology was irregular,
and numerous vacuoles were observed in the endometrial tissue, indicative of apoptotic cell
morphology changes. In comparison to the sham group, no statistically significant alterations
were observed in the expression levels of SAM (P > 0.05). Conversely, the expression of PPARγ
exhibited a notable decline. MAT2A, PRMT5, cyclin D1, and C-MYC expressions were increased,
and vimentin, Ki67, VEGF, and caspase-1 expressions were strongly positive, with statistically
significant differences (P < 0.05). In contrast, compared to the model group, the quercetin
intervention group exhibited significantly reduced ectopic lesion weights, increased PPARγ
expression, and significantly reduced protein expression levels of MAT2A, PRMT5, SAM, cyclin
D1, and C-MYC. Furthermore, expressions of vimentin, Ki67, VEGF, and caspase-1 were
weakly positive, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Quercetin modulated the transcription of the MAT2A/PRMT5 gene by activating
PPARγ activity, thereby influencing the ectopic implantation and growth of endometrial cells.
Preparation of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Nanoliposomes and their Applicability to Cosmetic Formulations
Authors: He Yifan , Xu Li , Pei Xiaojing , Dong Yinmao , Yang Xiangliang
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

In this study, a PDRN-loaded nanoliposomal (PDRN-NL) formulation, which exhibited
an average particle size of 125 ± 1 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.12 ± 0.02, a zeta potential
of -52.6 ± 0.8 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 81.3%. The stability of the PDRN-NL
and its formulations was assessed using the Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer, which predicted a
shelf life of up to three years. Furthermore, the in vitro permeability of the PDRN-NL was evaluated
using the Franz diffusion cell method.

Method:

In this study, a PDRN-loaded nanoliposomal (PDRN-NL) formulation, which exhibited
an average particle size of 125 ± 1 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.12 ± 0.02, a zeta potential
of -52.6 ± 0.8 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 81.3%. The stability of the PDRN-NL
and its formulations was assessed using the Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer, which predicted a
shelf life of up to three years. Furthermore, the in vitro permeability of the PDRN-NL was evaluated
using the Franz diffusion cell method.

Results:

Results indicated that the cumulative skin permeation of PDRN-NL over 24 hours was
1.22 times higher than that of free PDRN, with skin retention of PDRN-NL being 1.40 times
greater. The in vitro release studies demonstrated that liposomal encapsulation not only enhanced
permeability but also provided a sustained-release effect and improved stability of PDRN.

Conclusion:

Overall, the properties of liposome-encapsulated PDRN were significantly enhanced,
presenting a novel solution for the incorporation of PDRN in the development of skincare
products.
DNMT3A Deficiency Reduces DNMT3B Gene Methylation and Contributes to Whole-Genome Transcription Alterations in HEK293 Cells
Authors: Zhang Mengxiao , Wang Jiaxian , Qi Gen , Xie Lanfeng , Tian Qiuxiang , Yang Hui , Feng Lei , Zhu Nan , Pan Xingchen , Zhu Jianwei , Hu Jianjun , Chen Peng , Lu Huili
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification associated
with transcriptional repression and plays key roles in normal cell growth as well as oncogenesis.
Among the three main DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B), DNMT3A
mediates de novo DNA methylation. However, the general effect of DNMT3A on cell proliferation,
metabolism, and downstream gene regulation is still to be unveiled.

Method:

In this study, we successfully created DNMT3A-deficient HEK293 cells with frameshift
mutations in the catalytic domain using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The DNMT3A deficient cells
showed a 21.5% reduction in global DNA methylation levels, leading to impaired cell proliferation
as well as a blockage of MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways in comparison with wild-type cells.

Result:

RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that DNMT3A knockout resulted in the up-regulation of
genes and pathways related to cell metabolism but down-regulation of those involved in ribosome
function, potentially explaining the growth and signaling pathways inhibition. Furthermore,
DNMT3A ablation reduced DNMT3B gene methylation, explaining the down-regulated profiles of
genes.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest a complex epigenetic regulatory role for DNMT3A, and the
compensatory upregulation of DNMT3B in response to DNMT3A deficiency warrants further investigation
to be validated in future studies.

conclusion:

Our findings suggest a complex epigenetic regulatory role for DNMT3A, and the compensatory upregulation of DNMT3B in response to DNMT3A deficiency warrants further investigation to be validated in future studies.
Hepatic Fibrosis Predicts the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Through the Mediation of Cardioembolism
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Huang Jiexi , Zeng Tian , Zhang Minyue , Huang Jiaqi , Gao Yufan , Xie Haobo , Li Shengqi , Chen Yilin , Xu Jiahan , Wang Yanchu , Lin Shenyi , Weng Yiyun , Chen Guangyong
Published: February 2025

Background:

Hepatic fibrosis, a chronic pathological condition, is associated with adverse
outcomes in stroke patients. Cardioembolism (CE) is a common etiology of stroke, yet the association
between hepatic fibrosis and CE remains understudied.

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the association between hepatic fibrosis and CE-induced stroke,
as well as its impact on stroke patient prognosis.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 344 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who underwent
thrombolytic therapy. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and the Aspartate
Aminotransferase-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI). Mediation analysis examined the role of CE in
the association between hepatic fibrosis and 3-month functional outcomes.

Results:

Among 344 patients, 319 were classified using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke
Treatment criteria. Severe fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 2.01) was observed in 131 patients (38.08%), and CE
was identified in 79 patients. FIB-4 was an independent predictor of CE (OR: 2.038, 95%CI: 1.507-
2.757, p < 0.001) and poor 3-month functional outcome (OR: 1.477, 95%CI: 1.103-1.978, p = 0.009)
after adjusting for confounders. The effect of FIB-4 on poor 3-month functional outcomes was partially
mediated by CE, with a mediation proportion of 30.63%.

Conclusions:

Hepatic fibrosis is a significant predictor of short-term functional outcomes in AIS,
particularly cardioembolic stroke. The association between hepatic fibrosis and stroke outcomes is
partially mediated through CE. These findings highlight the importance of assessing hepatic fibrosis
in stroke patients, particularly those with CE etiology.
Identification of Disease-Protein Associations from a Heterogeneous Network Using Graph Embedding and Sample Screening Algorithms
Authors: Li Zhanchao , Liu Yuqi , Xie Yun , Wang Yan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Identifying disease-protein associations is a key step in treating disease,
understanding pathomechanisms, and developing drugs. Although experimental methods can be
used to identify disease-protein associations, they are often time-consuming, laborious, and expensive.
Therefore, there is a strong need to develop theoretical computational methods to identify potential
disease-protein associations.

Objective:

This work aimed to study the effect of the graph embedding algorithm and reliable negative
sample screening methods on predicting disease-protein association.

Methods:

In our study, information on disease similarity, disease-protein association, and proteinprotein
interaction was used to construct a heterogeneous network, including protein-protein interaction
subnetwork, disease similarity subnetwork, and disease-protein association subnetwork.
Then, a graph embedding algorithm was utilized to obtain network node features to characterize the
disease-protein relationships. The support vector data description algorithm was applied to screen
the reliable negative samples. Finally, random forest algorithm was employed to construct a model
for identifying potential disease-protein associations.

Results:

The present method achieved an accuracy of 94.55%, a specificity of 98.49%, a precision
of 98.36%, a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.8938, an area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve of 0.9815, and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.9591, based on a constructed
benchmark dataset and a 10-fold cross-validation test. Results from a series of nonredundant
datasets and an independent test dataset showed our method to be robust for data redundancy
and that it can accurately identify disease-related proteins, protein-related diseases, and potential
disease-protein associations. Based on the constructed model, the large-scale prediction
study identified more than 1.7 million potential disease-protein association pairs with a probability
greater than 99%. The top five predicted disease-protein association pairs were further confirmed
by literature and molecular docking simulations.

Conclusion:

Extensive experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively identify
potential disease-protein associations. It is expected that the current method can help not only in
understanding disease mechanisms at the protein level, but also in discovering new protein targets
and potential small molecule drugs.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazine-4-Thiazolidinone Hybrid Molecules as Modulator of Breast Cancer
Authors: Debnath Rabin , Sharma Kalicharan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, characterized
by the uncontrolled growth of breast cells, and remains a leading cause of cancer-related
morbidity and mortality. It can occur in both men and women, though it is significantly rarer in men.
The multifactorial nature of breast cancer involves genetic mutations, hormonal influences, and complex
cellular signalling pathways. The disease is typically classified into different subtypes based on
hormone receptor status, which influences treatment decisions. Early detection through regular
screening, such as mammograms, and awareness of symptoms significantly improve prognosis.
Treatment options vary based on the stage and type of breast cancer and may include surgery, radiation
therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.

Objective:

We aimed to design novel compounds based on reported active pharmacophoric features
and validate them through molecular modelling. These designed compounds were then synthesized
and characterized. Finally, a biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds was performed to
assess their efficacy.

Method:

Thirty compounds were designed based on a literature survey. Out of these compounds,
twelve compounds were found good on the docking studies, and these twelve new derivatives (RD
01-12) were synthesized and subjected to in silico, in vitro (EGFR assay), and ADMET profiling to
identify the most potent compound.

Result:

All 12 compounds were synthesised and characterised. Out of 12 compounds, RD-09
emerged as the most potent enzymatic assay with an IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.03 μM, confirmed by
docking studies; it possessed a docking score of -7.302 against the EGFR receptor. These compounds
were further characterized using IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry.

Conclusion:

Based on pharmacophoric features, twelve triazine-4-thiazolidinone derivatives (RD 01-
12) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their potential as EGFR-2 inhibitors, specifically
targeting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among 12 synthesised compounds, compound RD-
09 demonstrated the most significant activity with an IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.03 μM. Docking studies
further supported its binding interaction with the catalytic domain of the EGFR receptor. The combined
results from in vitro, in silico, and ADMET profiling suggest that RD-09 holds promise as a
leading compound for further development in the treatment of TNBC.
A Cross-sectional Study on Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness Among Saudi Population Towards Stem Cell Treatment and Banking:
Associated Factors and their Predictive Abilities
Authors: Aslam Nousheen , Alanzi Rahaf Fares , Alobaid Zainab Mohammed , Alhumood Jumanah Basem , Almustafa Nouf Abdullah , Banu Nuzhat , Ali Mohammad Daud , Ghosn Sherihan Ahmed , Ahmed Wasim , Ahmed Ayaz
Published: February 2025

Background:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and willingness of
the Saudi population towards stem cell treatment and banking, the associated factors, and their predictive
abilities.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022 in Saudi Arabia
using a structured bilingual, self-administered online survey to collect sociodemographic information
and determine the knowledge and understanding, perception, and willingness of the general population.
Bloom’s cut-off points were used to distribute the scores into three categories, namely strong
(80-100%), moderate (60-79%), and weak (<59%). Descriptive statistics were used to assess each
domain, while t-tests, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression were used to assess factors influencing
each domain and their predictive abilities.

Results:

The study conscripted 440 respondents, mainly females (70%) aged 18-24 years (56.1%),
mostly single (44.3%), Saudi nationals (89%), and college graduates (56.6%). Social media (53.4%)
was the primary source of information. 77.95% of respondents exhibited a low level of knowledge.
Females, Saudi nationals, respondents with Islamic beliefs, college graduates, and those who received
information from family physicians and social media had significantly better knowledge.
50.68% of respondents showed a strong perception. Non-Saudi participants, those who received information
from family and friends, and respondents with a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes
in their families had a better perception. However, only 21.59% showed strong willingness
toward stem cell treatment and banking, including Saudi nationals and college graduates. Gender
was found to be a significant predictor for better knowledge and perception, while no sociodemographic
variables significantly predicted willingness.

Conclusion:

This study emphasizes the need for increased awareness, educational campaigns, and
targeted strategies considering various socio-demographic factors to improve the knowledge, perception,
and willingness of the general population toward stem cell treatments and banking in Saudi
Arabia.
Molecular Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Enterococcus faecalis in the Seminal Fluid and their Relationship with Semen Quality in Healthy and Infertile Men in Shiraz, Iran (2021-2022)
Authors: Asgari Fahimeh , Motamedifar Mohammad , Arsanjani Amirhossein Akbarpour , Azimi Taher , Mehdinejadiani Shayesteh
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The present study aimed to carry out the molecular identification of some bacteria in seminal fluid and investigation of their effects on semen quality

Methods:

The research cohort comprised 80 infertile individuals and 80 men with no fer-tility issues. Evaluation of sperm characteristics adhered to the protocols outlined by the World Health Organization. Detection and verification of pathogens were carried out by PCR.

Results:

The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group exhibited a noticeable increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). The most abundant species in the semen of infertile men was Ureaplasma urealyticum (7.5%, p<0.05), followed by En-terococcus faecalis (6.25%, p>0.05). However, Streptococcus agalactiae was not found in any of the abnormal samples. In addition, we showed that Ureaplasma urealyticum signif-icantly affected the motility and morphology parameters. But, the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus agalactiae in semen samples of men does not lead to abnormal sperm production. Besides, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of volume, but there was a significant difference in morphology, count, and total motility (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Bacteriospermia is linked to modifications in the characteristics of seminal fluid, potentially resulting in a reduction in the fertilization capacity of spermatozoa. Fur-thermore, Ureaplasma urealyticum is correlated with changes in semen properties that could contribute to a decrease in sperm fertilization potential.
Fluoride-induced Neurodevelopmental Toxicity- AMPK as a Possible Target
Authors: Ahuja Tejas , Begum Farmiza , Beegum Fathima , Kumar Gautam , Kumar Nitesh , Shenoy Rekha R.
Published: February 2025

Inorganic fluoride is widely used in dental practices to treat problems like dental caries
and prevent bone-related issues. Exposure to excess amounts of fluoride both through drinking water
or other sources impairs vital functions of the body and can prove to be toxic, especially for the
central nervous system. Sodium fluoride (NaF) crosses the blood-brain barrier in early developmental
stages and causes impairments related to learning and memory, anxiety, decreased locomotor
ability, and in some cases, depression-like behaviour, especially in children. Major mechanisms involved
in this toxicity include reduction in levels of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, autophagy,
and apoptosis in neurons, decreased glucose consumption, inhibition of enzymes involved in the
generation of energy and transmission of the synapse, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative
stress leading to inflammation and neuronal cell death. Out of all these, an increase in oxidative
stress was reported to be one of the main mechanisms of fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. Based
on these inferences, various natural compounds having antioxidant properties, like curcumin, aloe
vera, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, etc. have been studied for their protective role in sodium
fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. Involvement of other pathways like Nrf2/Keap pathways, SIRT3,
etc., have warranted a need for further detailed study to identify other potential therapeutic targets
like AMPK to prevent/treat fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. The present review captures fluoride, its
role in neurodevelopment, and mechanisms & pathways involved by which fluoride can hurt neurodevelopment
& how AMPK can be a possible therapeutic target.
Bibliometric Analysis of Single-Atom Catalysis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shah Muffarih , Majeed Noor , Ali Asif , Hameed Abdul , Rehan Touseef , Shah Nasrullah
Published: February 2025

Background:

Single-Atom Catalysts (SACs) are heterogeneous catalysts that demonstrate
exceptional efficiency and selectivity due to the use of individual metal atoms at the atomic
scale. The substantial number of patents filed on SACs underscore their commercial and technological
importance, highlighting their potential across various industries. SACs are increasingly applied
in areas such as energy generation, environmental applications, and chemical synthesis, reflecting
their growing scientific and technical importance.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of existing literature
on SACs and the use of bibliometric analysis to identify scientific output and topic patterns of
research on SACs.

Methods:

A bibliometric analysis was performed on 488 papers related to SACs, utilizing the Web
of Science database of data collection. Analysis of Co-occurrence of keywords, trending research
topics, Citation analysis, Publication areas, the five-year record of Publications, and funding sources
were examined using VOS viewer, R software, and Microsoft Excel.

Results:

The analysis indicates a steady growth in publication on SACs in recent years, with China
leading in research output followed closely by the USA. The highlighting of the global impact and
the collaborative nature of SAC research. The study reveals a diverse range of applications and emphasizes
the increasing scientific and technical focus on this subject.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the essential role of SACs in advancing catalytic science and
maps key trends, collaborations, and applications within the field. The bibliometric insights provide
valuable guidance for the researchers, pointing to potential applications in energy storage, environmental
remediation, and sustainable chemical synthesis. Emerging challenges, such as stability,
scalability, and the development of new materials, call for further investigation to unlock the full potential
of SACs. These insights support future innovation and exploration in the expanding field of
SAC research.
Biotransformation of Hydrocortisone by Mucor hiemalis and In silico Study of the Produced Metabolite against 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I
Authors: Nickavar Bahman , Mehmannavaz Maryam
Published: February 2025

Background:

Microbial biotransformation of steroids is a valuable method for producing active pharmaceuticals or potentially active steroids, and fungi serve as pow-erful biocatalysts in this process. On the other hand, in silico analyses are preliminary yet influential studies for the evaluation of compounds in the drug development process.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the ability of Mucor hiemalis to biotransform hydrocortisone, predict the potential binding ability of the products to the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (as a target for the control of diabetes mellitus type 2), causing its inhibition, and assess the products’ pharmacokinetic properties.

Methods:

The incubation of M. hiemalis with hydrocortisone for nine days resulted in the production of a main product in the culture medium. The metabolite was subsequent-ly isolated using chromatographic procedures and its identity was determined by spectro-scopic analysis. Computational binding studies and pharmacokinetic profile prediction of the metabolite were conducted using AutoDock Vina and SwissADME, respectively.

Results:

The biotransformation of hydrocortisone by M. hiemalis produced 11β,17α,20β,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one as the major metabolite. Molecular dock-ing studies demonstrated that the metabolite can interact with functional residues located at the catalytic site of the enzyme in different ways. Furthermore, the results indicated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the produced metabolite.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that M. hiemalis may be considered an effective tool for the biotransformation of steroids and the production of potentially bioactive compounds.
Pathogen Interactions in Contact Lens Optics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Aljobori Hakim S. , Shaker Lina M. , Al-Amiery Ahmed , Isahak Wan Nor Roslam Wan , Luthfi Abdullah Amru Indera
Published: February 2025

Contact lenses have revolutionized vision correction, offering wearers a convenient and
often cosmetically appealing alternative to traditional eyeglasses. However, their close interaction
with the ocular surface also presents a potential interface for pathogen interaction, which can lead
to ocular infections. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship
between contact lens optics and pathogenic organisms, delving into key aspects such as microbial
adhesion, biofilm formation, and host responses. The various factors that influence pathogen
adherence and colonization on contact lens surfaces. Material composition, surface properties, and
wear duration are among the critical factors explored, highlighting their significant impact on the
susceptibility of contact lenses to microbial colonization. Understanding these factors is essential
for identifying strategies to mitigate pathogen adherence and reduce the risk of infection among
contact lens wearers. Strategies for mitigating pathogen adherence and biofilm formation on contact
lens surfaces are then explored. This includes an examination of antimicrobial coatings, surface
modifications, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into lens materials. By targeting
these key factors, researchers aim to develop contact lenses that are more resistant to microbial colonization
and offer enhanced wearer safety. Furthermore, the review highlights advancements in
contact lens technology aimed at enhancing biocompatibility and reducing infection risk. These advancements
include the development of novel materials with intrinsic antimicrobial properties,
smart contact lenses capable of real-time monitoring of ocular health parameters, and bioinspired
designs for improved wearer comfort and safety. Overall, understanding the dynamics of pathogen
interactions with contact lenses is crucial for improving lens design, enhancing wearer safety, and
minimizing the risk of ocular infections. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial adhesion,
biofilm formation, and host responses, researchers can continue to innovate in the field of
contact lens technology, ultimately benefiting millions of contact lens wearers worldwide.
Effectiveness and Safety of Astragalus-Containing Chinese Medicine Combined with Western Medicine for Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qiu Tingting , Toumi Mondher , Zhang Shutian , Yang Xinli , Yan Dan
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study seeks to provide a thorough summary of clinical evidence comparing
the effectiveness and safety of combining astragalus-containing Chinese medicines with
Western treatments for T2DM.

Method:

A search was conducted across six databases for relevant studies from their inception up
to June, 2023. The combined results were reported as odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference
(SMD). The random effect model was used for statistical analyses. The Cochrane risk of bias
tool was utilized to evaluate the potential bias in the studies included. The overall quality of the
evidence was examined using the Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and
Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

Results:

A total of 82 studies involving 9,238 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results
showed a significant improvement in the FPG (SMD -0.98; 95%CI -1.23, -0.72), 2hPG (SMD
-0.94; 95%CI -1.13, -0.76), HbA1c (SMD -0.97; 95%CI -1.18, -0.75), HOMA-IR (SMD -1.07;
95%CI -1.47, -0.66), HOMA-β (SMD 0.84; 95%CI 0.38, 1.31), HDL (SMD 0.41; 95%CI 0.17,
0.66), LDL (SMD -1.17; 95%CI -1.62, -0.72), TC (SMD -0.83; 95%CI -1.06, -0.59), and TG (SMD
-0.93, 95%CI -1.20, -0.65) with astragalus-containing TCMs plus conventional therapy compared
to conventional therapy alone. The incidence of hypoglycemia (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.33
to 0.73) and gastrointestinal tract adverse events (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.77) was significantly
reduced in the combination group. Subgroup analyses based on the type of Western
medicines, type of traditional Chinese medicines, baseline glucose level, the duration of follow-
up, and the subtypes of disease all indicated similar results regarding the superior effectiveness
in the combination group. According to the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was
generally rated as low due to unclear risk of bias in the included studies, statistical heterogeneity,
and potential publication bias.

Conclusion:

Add-on therapy of astragalus-containing TCMs is generally more effective in ameliorating
glycolipid metabolism and improving insulin resistance. However, the clinical benefits of integrative
therapies need to be further explored in different subgroups of patients.
Therapeutic Potentials and Applications of Cannabis-Derived Compounds in Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Basit Sibtain , Singh Indu , Chauhan Shikha Baghel
Published: February 2025

The numerous medicinal benefits of cannabis-derived chemicals have attracted a lot of interest in their inclusion into cosmeceuticals. Due to their strong anti-inflammatory, antioxi-dant, and antibacterial properties, cannabinoids, like Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Canna-bidiol (CBD), are excellent options for treating a range of skin issues, such as aging, psoriasis, acne, and eczema. With an emphasis on their interactions with the endocannabinoid system and their capacity to regulate skin homeostasis, this study investigates the mechanisms behind the skin advantages of chemicals produced from cannabis. Furthermore, developments in formulation technologies such as emulsions and nanocarriers are emphasized for improving the stability and bioavailability of these substances in topical applications. To give a thorough grasp of their posi-tion in cosmeceuticals, regulatory issues, safety concerns, and the rising demand for plant-based, sustainable skincare products are also covered. In order to highlight the medicinal potential of chemicals produced from cannabis and open the door for creative and effective skincare products, this article will provide an overview of current research and new trends.
Antioxidant and Inhibitory Activities of Thai Banana Blossom (Musa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) in Various Solvent Extracts against Skin Aging- Related Enzymes
Authors: Thongekkaew Jantaporn , Sribubpa Panuchnat , Khamhom Wipharat
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Recently, consumers have shown a widespread preference for skin care products and cosmetic preparations containing natural ingredients. As a result, many cosmetic brands are now offering more natural products, such as plant extracts that can be used for anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, and other cosmetic purposes. Extraction is crucial in ob-taining and separating bioactive compounds from plant materials.

Methods:

Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and inhib-itory activities of banana blossom (Msa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) in various solvents against skin aging-related enzymes, such as collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. Thai banana blossom (Msa ABB CV. Kluai “Namwa”) was extracted using four solvents of dif-ferent polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol) at 4°C for 72 hours. Further, enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using a colorimetric assay.

Results:

The results indicated that the methanolic banana blossom extract had the highest content of flavonoids (1.82 ± 0.07 mg QE/g crude extract) and an EC50value of 142.02 ± 2.39 μg/ml in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Additionally, the most potent anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase activities were observed in the methanolic extract with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.914 ±0.22 and 0.994 ±0.20 mg/ml, re-spectively. On the other hand, the methanolic extract showed no significant difference from the other solvents in terms of anti-elastase activity with an IC50 of 0.285 ±0.04 mg/ml.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the findings suggest that methanolic banana blossom extract could potentially be beneficial as a component in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations with antioxidant and anti-aging properties.
Enhancement of natural convection heat flow from the heated source through vertical tube with internal rings
Authors: Pervez Mohammad Sohail
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Heat transfer with density difference of fluid without any external source is called natural convection heat flow. The density difference occurs due to temperature variation. When fluid temperature rises due to surrounding condition, then fluid starts to rise up and nearer fluid movement occurs to fill that gap. Natural convection method is commonly used in electronic equipment, where maximum numbers of equipment are placed on a single small board, if proper heat transfer will not happen from that board, then failure of the total system will occur, forced convection method is not practically possible for such small board, so natural convection method is suitable for these cases. In this work heat transfer properties inside a vertical tube and the method to enhance heat transfer by natural convection through the tube has been presented, the vertical tube is 50mm diameter and its length is 550 mm. Ratio of length to diameter of the test section is 11. Uniform heat flux is retained inside the tube. The rings provided inside the test section having dimension 6 mm thick and square cross section. Rings are placed with equal spacing inside the tube. The basic aim of this work is to represent the heat transfer properties from the heated object through the vertical tube by natural convection heat transfer with and without internal rings inside. Fluid flow properties along the vertical tube and exit from tube have been presented in this work.
Effect of laser surface texturing on microstructure and contact angle of Al-Mg alloy
Authors: KAUSHIK Prashant
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The importance of Al-Mg alloy has increased worldwide due to its broad industrial applicability. Engineers are interested in Al-Mg alloy because of its numerous engineering uses and reputation as a non-age hardenable alloy. The purpose of laser texturing is to alter the surface's morphology, chemical content and surface roughness. Surfaces with micro-textured patterns control the surface tension of liquid and, consequently, contact angle. One can alter a material's wettability behavior by micro-texturizing its surface. Therefore, depending on the needs of the application, surface characteristics that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic are anticipated. The laser patterns were designed on Al-Mg alloy using a nanosecond pulsed laser. It has been studied how surface roughness, contact angle and wettability are affected by scanning speed and no. of lines. Comparative analysis of the laser process parameters on micro-textured surfaces with line and square grid is presented in this research. Two variations (500/1000 mm/s) in scanning speed and four variations (10/15/20/25) in no. of lines are used as a laser process parameter for study. Ossila contact angle goniometer was utilized for measuring contact angle. Moreover, surface morphology has been researched, and measurements of surface roughness are made using an Olympus 3D microscope. The two main factors determining hydrophobicity were scanning speed and number of lines. Scanning speed has a greater impact on surface roughness than line count. For surface roughness, square grid is preferable over line pattern. However, because line patterns have higher measured contact angles than square grid patterns, they are superior to square grid patterns.
Role of machine learning in air pollution control and monitoring: A recent review
Authors: PARE Vikas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Air pollution is a significant environmental and societal issue, causing significant health risks. Researchers are exploring machine learning techniques to control pollution, focusing on potential sources and mitigation strategies. The main causes of air pollution include emissions, transportation dispersion, transformation, and immisions. The study aims to understand and mitigate these issues to improve air quality and safety.Pollution in air comes from both exhaust and non-exhaust emission sources, affecting both indoor and outdoor environments. Exhaust emission pollutants include NOx, CO, CO2, SO2, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. Non-exhaust emission sources include road wear, tire wear, brake wear, and road dust resuspension. Air pollution negatively impacts human health, particularly respiratory disorders. Machine learning is a successful technique for predicting, detecting, and monitoring air pollutants for air quality control. Random Forest and other machine learning models have been utilized for predicting air quality control and monitoring. These models include LSTM, MLP, RF, BRT, SVR, XG Boost, GAM, Cubist, ANN, Logistic regression, Auto-regression, Hybrid interpretable predictive model, k-nearest neighbors, Naïve-Bayesian classifier, and decision tree models. Support Vector regression and ANN models have been proven to be more accurate than other models.
Reinforcement of Slope Failure on Ponorogo – Pacitan KM 226 Road to Mitigate Landslides
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Akbarrina Ailia Rizky , Zaika Yulvi ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Rachmansyah Arief ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Slope collapse can be caused by changes in load or geological conditions of the soil. Slope collapse events often occur during the rainy season in the Ponorogo area, Pacitan East Java, Indonesia, which causes closed transportation to and out of the Ponorogo area. This study aims to investigate the failure mechanism and landslide mitigation. The field investigations were conducted using geoelectricity and soil sampling to be analyzed in the laboratory. This research employed the Schlumberger geoelectrical configuration method to determine the subsurface rock lithology arrangement. The study involved acquiring data on four geoelectrical lines with a length of 135 meters. The collected field data was then processed and modeled to obtain an overview of the subsurface rock lithology arrangement. The Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the soil type and the soil parameters unit weight (?), cohesion (c'), and shear angle (?'). The laboratory data was input into software to obtain the safety factor. The geo-electrical results showed layers of clay and tuff, which identified a water flow between them, the landslide plane. Based on the finite element analysis, the landslide planes were almost coincident. Slope stability is achieved by changing the geometry and reinforcing it with piles.
Enhancing OSH Management Based on Risk Perception of Unsafe Behavior Among Infrastructure Construction Workers
Authors:   Aerospace Engineering, Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, 13410, Indonesia, Arifai Achmad Muhyidin , Fitrina Rehani ,   Management and Business, Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, 13410, Indonesia, Adenan Adenan ,   Aerospace Engineering, Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, 13410, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The construction sector faces significant occupational safety challenges due to its high-risk nature. This study examines unsafe behavior among construction workers at the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Main Terminal project in Makassar. It aims to identify key risk factors and their impact on worker safety. Data were collected from 99 respondents, including 96 workers and three project managers, through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis, seven major contributors to unsafe behavior were identified: Neglecting Fundamental Occupational Safety, Breach of Cautionary Signals and Safety Protocols, Careless Behavior and Work Inaccuracies, Performing Dangerous Work Without Proper Training, Neglecting Traffic Safety in Work Zones, Neglecting Equipment Safety and Maintenance, and Unsafe Operation of Machinery and Vehicles. The findings also reveal a significant difference in risk perception between field workers and managerial staff, with field workers showing a substantially lower awareness of risks associated with unsafe behaviors. These results highlight the need for targeted training, stricter safety enforcement, better equipment maintenance, and fostering a strong safety culture through leadership commitment and continuous communication.
Domain of Property Value Determinants in Urban Areas
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Krisnadwipayana University, 13077, Indonesia, Artiani Gita
Published: February 2025

The construction industry has a strategic role in supporting the development of urban areas through the development of infrastructure, housing, and commercial space. However, rapid urbanization and the complexity of managing construction projects create challenges in determining optimal property value. Although many studies have been conducted on property values, studies specifically addressing the interaction between construction management and the determinants of property values in urban zones are still limited, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to identify and analyze various factors that affect property value from the construction management perspective through integrative literature studies. The analysis revealed 62 factors grouped into four main domains: types, causes, impacts, and solutions. Dominant factors such as land prices, transportation accessibility, and project sustainability significantly influence property value dynamics. In addition, the quality of construction implementation, technology selection, and project risk management are also key elements that affect the success of regional development. This identification provides strategic insights for construction managers, property developers, and policymakers in designing and executing projects supporting urban property value enhancement. Thus, this inquiry contributes to improving high-value, resilient, and sustainable areas by the principles of construction management and sustainable development goals.
Inelastic Behavior of Eccentrically Braced Frames with Vertical Links: A Numerical Study
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 40164, Indonesia, Shendri Christina Natasha , Tjahjanto Helmy Hermawan ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 40164, Indonesia, Nugroho Wivia Octarena ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 40164, Indonesia, Pratiwi Naomi ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 40164, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) are seismic-resistant steel structures with horizontal or vertical energy-dissipating links designed to enhance ductility. To promote sustainability, future designs are moving toward easily replaceable structural systems that enable rapid post-earthquake rehabilitation. However, EBFs with horizontal links present challenges in repairing damaged links due to interference with other components, particularly beams. As an alternative, vertical links offer the potential to serve as "replaceable elements." Despite this advantage, no specific design guidelines currently address the lateral support requirements for EBFs with vertical links, unlike the horizontal ones. This study analyzes the inelastic behavior of EBFs with vertical links using numerical methods based on the finite element method. The results indicate that vertical link length classification and capacity design methods specified for horizontal links also apply to vertical links. This is evidenced by the shear force values in the three samples representing short, medium, and long links, resulting in values of 2.15Vp, 1.32Vp, and 1.13Vp, respectively, with the shortest link classified as a shear link. The degradations of the horizontal load capacities due to the application of initial deformation, simulating the first buckling mode, are less than 0.01% for all configurations. This verifies that without lateral supports, the vertical links could still effectively dissipate energy through flexural and/or shear yielding without lateral instability issues.