bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel treatment of bronchopleural fistula in a lung transplant recipient with endobronchial sealant and endobronchial valve placement via robotic-assisted bronchoscopy
Authors: Wadiwala Ishaq J , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Garg Pankaj , Ali Mostafa , Feinglass Neil G , Thomas Mathew , Pham Si M
Published: July 2023

Bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs) are a dreaded complication following pulmonary surgery. Endobronchial valves (EVs), with endobronchial sealant (ES), instilled with robotic bronchoscopy (RB), allow occlusion of BPF, avoiding surgery. The patient was a 71-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis who underwent bilateral lung transplantation and wedge resection of the right middle lobe and left lingula. A BPF was discovered on postoperative day (POD) 21. Conservative measures with chest tubes failed, and robotic-assisted bronchoscopy aided in reaching the bronchial segment and instilling ES, and EV was deployed with the conventional bronchoscope. The pneumothorax was cleared 12 days later, and on POD 56, she was discharged. The RB procedure was successful, with no pneumothorax or BPF symptoms after a median follow-up of POD 284. Robotic endobronchial closure of BPF with EV and ES is an effective treatment option avoiding invasive surgeries.
Dysfunction of ubiquitin protein ligase MYCBP2 leads to cell resilience in human breast cancers
Authors: Neff Ryan A , Bosch-Gutierrez Almudena , Sun Yifei , Katsyv Igor , Song Won-min , Wang Minghui , Walsh Martin J , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, and it is estimated that 294 000 new diagnoses and 37 000 deaths will occur each year in the United States alone by 2030. Large-scale genomic studies have identified a number of genetic loci with alterations in breast cancer. However, identification of the genes that are critical for tumorgenicity still remains a challenge. Here, we perform a comprehensive functional multi-omics analysis of somatic mutations in breast cancer and identify previously unknown key regulators of breast cancer tumorgenicity. We identify dysregulation of MYCBP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling, is accompanied with decreased disease-free survival. We validate MYCBP2 as a key target through depletion siRNA using in vitro apoptosis assays in MCF10A, MCF7 and T47D cells. We demonstrate that MYCBP2 loss is associated with resistance to apoptosis from cisplatin-induced DNA damage and cell cycle changes, and that CHEK1 inhibition can modulate MYCBP2 activity and caspase cleavage. Furthermore, we show that MYCBP2 knockdown is associated with transcriptomic responses in TSC2 and in apoptosis genes and interleukins. Therefore, we show that MYCBP2 is an important genetic target that represents a key node regulating multiple molecular pathways in breast cancer corresponding with apparent drug resistance in our study.
Mge-cluster: a reference-free approach for typing bacterial plasmids
Authors: Arredondo-Alonso Sergio , Gladstone Rebecca A , Pöntinen Anna K , Gama João A , Schürch Anita C , Lanza Val F , Johnsen Pål Jarle , Samuelsen Ørjan , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Corander Jukka
Published: July 2023

Extrachromosomal elements of bacterial cells such as plasmids are notorious for their importance in evolution and adaptation to changing ecology. However, high-resolution population-wide analysis of plasmids has only become accessible recently with the advent of scalable long-read sequencing technology. Current typing methods for the classification of plasmids remain limited in their scope which motivated us to develop a computationally efficient approach to simultaneously recognize novel types and classify plasmids into previously identified groups. Here, we introduce mge-cluster that can easily handle thousands of input sequences which are compressed using a unitig representation in a de Bruijn graph. Our approach offers a faster runtime than existing algorithms, with moderate memory usage, and enables an intuitive visualization, classification and clustering scheme that users can explore interactively within a single framework. Mge-cluster platform for plasmid analysis can be easily distributed and replicated, enabling a consistent labelling of plasmids across past, present, and future sequence collections. We underscore the advantages of our approach by analysing a population-wide plasmid data set obtained from the opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli, studying the prevalence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1.1 within the plasmid population, and describing an instance of resistance plasmid transmission within a hospital environment.
Inferring regulators of cell identity in the human adult pancreas
Authors: Vanheer Lotte , Fantuzzi Federica , To San Kit , Schiavo Andrea , Van Haele Matthias , Ostyn Tessa , Haesen Tine , Yi Xiaoyan , Janiszewski Adrian , Chappell Joel , Rihoux Adrien , Sawatani Toshiaki , Roskams Tania , Pattou Francois , Kerr-Conte Julie , Cnop Miriam , Pasque Vincent
Published: July 2023

Cellular identity during development is under the control of transcription factors that form gene regulatory networks. However, the transcription factors and gene regulatory networks underlying cellular identity in the human adult pancreas remain largely unexplored. Here, we integrate multiple single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of the human adult pancreas, totaling 7393 cells, and comprehensively reconstruct gene regulatory networks. We show that a network of 142 transcription factors forms distinct regulatory modules that characterize pancreatic cell types. We present evidence that our approach identifies regulators of cell identity and cell states in the human adult pancreas. We predict that HEYL, BHLHE41 and JUND are active in acinar, beta and alpha cells, respectively, and show that these proteins are present in the human adult pancreas as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet cells. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we found that JUND represses beta cell genes in hiPSC-alpha cells. BHLHE41 depletion induced apoptosis in primary pancreatic islets. The comprehensive gene regulatory network atlas can be explored interactively online. We anticipate our analysis to be the starting point for a more sophisticated dissection of how transcription factors regulate cell identity and cell states in the human adult pancreas.
From the mud to the tree: phylogeny ofAustrolebiaskillifishes, new generic structure and description of a new species (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Authors: Alonso Felipe , Terán Guillermo Enrique , Serra Alanís Wilson Sebastián , Calviño Pablo , Montes Martin Miguel , García Ignacio Daniel , Barneche Jorge Adrián , Almirón Adriana , Ciotek Liliana , Giorgis Pablo , Casciotta Jorge
Published: July 2023

Killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes) are a group of fish that include a high proportion of small-bodied species living in seasonal aquatic habitats, with narrow geographical distributions and high human impact. They are among the most vulnerable vertebrates in the Neotropical region, with nearly half of the species in threat categories. Herein, we propose a new phylogenetic hypothesis of the Rivulidae genus Austrolebias, based on 10 genes (six nuclear and four mitochondrial) and 191 morphological characters, including 90% of the total valid species of this genus. An updated definition and diagnosis of the existing subgenera of Austrolebias is provided, and these are erected to genera. Also, four new genera are erected to accommodate the taxonomy of the group to the current phylogenetic hypothesis. Additionally, we describe Argolebias guarani sp. nov., from a seasonal pond in the Middle Paraná River basin, which is diagnosed by a unique colour pattern. This addition reinforces this area as a biodiversity hotspot of endemicity and highlights the importance of this region for conservation. Data on the ontogenetic changes in colour pattern, chorion ornamentation of the egg and ecology of this species are also provided.
The Use of Quality Improvement in the Physical Therapy Literature: A Scoping Review
Authors: Crick James P. , Rethorn Timothy J. , Beauregard Tyler A. , Summers Riley , Rethorn Zachary D. , Quatman-Yates Catherine C.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Quality improvement (QI) is a useful methodology for improving healthcare, often through iterative changes. There is no prior review on the application of QI in physical therapy (PT).

Purpose and Relevance:

To characterize and evaluate the quality of the QI literature in PT.

Methods:

We searched four electronic databases from inception through September 1, 2022. Included publications focused on QI and included the practice of PT. Quality was assessed using the 16-point QI Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS) appraisal tool.

Results:

Seventy studies were included in the review, 60 of which were published since 2014 with most (n = 47) from the United States. Acute care (n = 41) was the most prevalent practice setting. Twenty-two studies (31%) did not use QI models or approaches and only nine studies referenced Revised Standards for QI Reporting Excellence guidelines. The median QI-MQCS score was 12 (range 7–15).

Conclusions/Implications:

Quality improvement publications in the PT literature are increasing, yet there is a paucity of QI studies pertaining to most practice settings and a lack of rigor in project design and reporting. Many studies were of low-to-moderate quality and did not meet minimum reporting standards. We recommend use of models, frameworks, and reporting guidelines to improve methodologic rigor and reporting.
Anger Among UK Ex-Service Military Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Williamson Charlotte , Jones Margaret , Palmer Laura , Dighton Glen , Burdett Howard , Sharp Marie-Louise , Fear Nicola T.
Published: July 2023

Military service and ex-service personnel commonly experience difficulties with anger. The COVID-19 pandemic had several negative consequences upon social, economic, and health factors that influence anger. This study aimed to explore 1) levels of anger in an ex-serving military cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) self-reported changes in anger compared with prepandemic levels; and 3) identify sociodemographic characteristics, military characteristics, COVID-19 experiences, and COVID-19 stressors associated with anger. UK ex-service personnel (n = 1499) completed the Dimensions of Anger Reactions 5-item measure within an existing cohort study. Overall, 14.4% reported significant difficulties with anger, and 24.8% reported their anger worsened during the pandemic. Anger was associated with factors such as financial difficulties, extra/new caring responsibilities, and COVID-19 bereavement. Endorsing more COVID-19 stressors was associated with higher odds of anger difficulties. This study highlights the impact of the pandemic on ex-service personnel, including a strain on family/social relationships and financial hardship, which affected anger.
Autologous Serum Eye Drops for Dry Eye: Systematic Review
Authors: Quan Nicolas G. , Leslie Louis , Li Tianjing
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Dry eye is a common condition with serious implications worldwide. The unique composition of autologous serum (AS) eye drops has been hypothesized as a possible treatment.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to review the effectiveness and safety of AS.

DATA SOURCES

We searched five databases and three registries up to September 30, 2022.

STUDY ELIGIBILITY

We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AS with artificial tears, saline, or placebo for participants with dry eye.

STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS

We adhered to Cochrane methods for study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and synthesis. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

RESULTS

We included six RCTs with 116 participants. Four trials compared AS with artificial tears. We found low-certainty evidence that AS may improve symptoms (0- to 100-point pain scale) after 2 weeks of treatment compared with saline (mean difference, −12.00; 95% confidence interval, −20.16 to −3.84; 1 RCT, 20 participants). Ocular surface outcomes (corneal staining, conjunctival staining, tear breakup time, Schirmer test) were inconclusive. Two trials compared AS with saline. Very low-certainty evidence suggested that Rose Bengal staining (0- to 9-point scale) may be slightly improved after 4 weeks of treatment compared with saline (mean difference, −0.60; 95% confidence interval, −1.11 to −0.09; 35 eyes). None of the trials reported outcomes of corneal topography, conjunctival biopsy, quality of life, economic outcomes, or adverse events.

LIMITATIONS

We were unable to use all data because of unclear reporting.

CONCLUSIONS

The effectiveness of AS is uncertain based on current data. Symptoms improved slightly with AS compared with artificial tears for 2 weeks. Staining scores improved slightly with AS compared with saline, with no benefit identified for other measures.

IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS

High-quality, large trials enrolling diverse participants with varying severity are needed. A core outcome set would allow for evidence-based treatment decisions consistent with current knowledge and patient values.
Effectiveness of dignity therapy in the context of culturally competent care in people with palliative care needs: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Johnston Bridget , Dönmez C. Fulya , Julião Miguel
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review

This review aims to synthesise the evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy of dignity therapy (DT) in relation to psychosocial and spiritual outcomes in the context of person-centred and culturally competent care for people with supportive and palliative care needs.

Recent findings

Thirteen reviews were found, including seven conducted by nurses. Most reviews were of high quality, including various study populations such as cancer, motor neurone disease and non-malignant conditions. Six psychosocial and spiritual outcomes were identified: quality of life, anxiety, depression, hopefulness, meaning and purpose in life, and suffering based on the cultural variations in the implementation of DT.

DT has a positive impact on anxiety, depression, suffering, and meaning and purpose in life for people with palliative care needs, but the evidence is somewhat conflicted as to whether DT is effective in improving hope, quality of life and spiritual outcomes in the context of culturally competent care. Nurse-led DT seems desirable given its pivotal role when caring for people with palliative care needs. More randomised controlled trials should be conducted for people with different cultural backgrounds to provide person-centred, culturally competent supportive and palliative care.
The macronutrient content of a meal modulates subsequent ‘dessert’ intake, via Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)
Authors: Wu Chih-Ting , Larson Karlton R. , Sims Landon C. , Ryan Karen K.
Published: July 2023

Pharmacological administration of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) alters food choice, including that it decreases the consumption of sucrose and other sweet tastants. Conversely, endogenous secretion of FGF21 by the liver is modulated by diet, such that plasma FGF21 is increased after eating foods that have a low dietary protein: total energy (P: E) ratio. Together, these findings suggest a strategy to promote healthy eating, in which the macronutrient content of a pre-load meal could reduce the later consumption of sweet desserts. Here, we tested the prediction that individuals eating a low P: E pre-load meal, and next offered a highly palatable sweet ‘dessert’, would eat less of the sugary snack compared to controls, due to increased FGF21 signaling. In addition to decreasing sweet intake, FGF21 increases the consumption of dietary protein. Thus, we predicted that individuals eating a low protein pre-load meal, and subsequently offered a very high-protein pellet as ‘dessert’ or snack, would eat more of the high protein pellet compared to controls, and that this depends on FGF21. We tested this in C57Bl/6J, and liver-specific FGF21-null (FGF21ΔL) null male and female mice and littermate controls. Contrary to expectation, eating a low protein pre-load did not reduce the later consumption of a sweet solution in either males or females, despite robustly increasing plasma FGF21. Rather, eating the low protein pre-load increased later consumption of a high protein pellet. This was more apparent among males and was abrogated in the FGF21ΔLmice. We conclude that physiologic induction of hepatic FGF21 by a low protein pre-load is not sufficient to reduce later consumption of sweet dessert, though it effectively increases the subsequent intake of dietary protein in male mice.
A reference genome for the long-term kleptoplast-retaining sea slug Elysia crispata morphotype clarki
Authors: Eastman Katharine E. , Pendleton Amanda L. , Shaikh Mearaj A. , Suttiyut Thiti , Ogas Raeya , Tomko Paxton , Gavelis Gregory , Widhalm Joshua R. , Wisecaver Jennifer H.
Published: July 2023

Several species of sacoglossan sea slugs possess the incredible ability to sequester chloroplasts from the algae they consume. These ‘photosynthetic animals’ incorporate stolen chloroplasts, called kleptoplasts, into the epithelial cells of tubules that extend from their digestive tracts throughout their bodies. The mechanism by which these slugs maintain functioning kleptoplasts in the absence of an algal nuclear genome is unknown. Here, we report a draft genome of the saccoglossan slugElysia crispatamorphotype clarki, a morphotype native to the Florida Keys that can retain photosynthetically active kleptoplasts for several months without feeding. We used a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and Illumina short reads to produce a 786 Mbp assembly containing 68,514 predicted protein-coding genes. A phylogenetic analysis found no evidence of horizontal acquisition of genes from algae. We performed gene family and gene expression analyses to identifyE. crispatagenes unique to kleptoplast-containing slugs that were more highly expressed in fed versus unfed developmental life stages. Consistent with analyses in other kleptoplastic slugs, our investigation suggests that genes encoding lectin carbohydrate-binding proteins and those involved in regulation of reactive oxygen species and immunity may play a role in kleptoplast retention. Lastly, we identified four polyketide synthase genes that could potentially encode proteins producing UV- and oxidation-blocking compounds in slug cell membranes. The genome ofE. crispatais a quality resource that provides potential targets for functional analyses and enables further investigation into the evolution and mechanisms of kleptoplasty in animals.
Deep Learning Approaches to the Phylogenetic Placement of Extinct Pollen Morphotypes
Authors: Adaïmé Marc-Élie , Kong Shu , Punyasena Surangi W.
Published: July 2023

The phylogenetic interpretation of pollen morphology is limited by our inability to recognize the evolutionary history embedded in pollen features. Deep learning offers tools for connecting morphology to phylogeny. Using neural networks, we developed an explicitly phylogenetic toolkit for analyzing the overall shape, internal structure, and texture of a pollen grain. Our analysis pipeline determines whether testing specimens are from unknown species based on uncertainty estimates. Features of novel specimens are passed to a multi-layer perceptron network trained to transform these features into predicted phylogenetic distances from known taxa. We used these predicted distances to place specimens in a phylogeny using Bayesian inference. We trained and evaluated our models using optical superresolution micrographs of 30Podocarpusspecies. We then used trained models to place nine fossilPodocarpiditesspecimens within the phylogeny. In doing so, we demonstrate that the phylogenetic history encoded in pollen morphology can be recognized by neural networks and that deep-learned features can be used in phylogenetic placement. Our approach makes extinction and speciation events that would otherwise be masked by the limited taxonomic resolution of the fossil pollen record visible to palynological analysis.

Significance Statement

Machine learned features from deep neural networks can do more than categorize and classify biological images. We demonstrate that these features can also be used to quantify morphological differences among pollen taxa, discover novel morphotypes, and place fossil specimens on a phylogeny using Bayesian inference. Deep learning can be used to characterize and identify and morphological features with evolutionary significance. These features can then be used to infer phylogenetic distance. This approach fundamentally changes how fossil pollen morphology can be interpreted, allowing greater evolutionary inference of fossil pollen specimens. The analysis framework, however, is not specific to pollen and can be generalized to other taxa and other biological images.
Meta-analysis of gonadal transcriptome provides novel insights into sex change mechanism across protogynous fishes
Authors: Nozu Ryo , Kadota Mitsutaka , Nakamura Masaru , Kuraku Shigehiro , Bono Hidemasa
Published: July 2023

Protogyny, being capable of changing from female to male during their lifetime, is prevalent in 20 families of teleosts but is believed to have evolved within specific evolutionary lineages. Therefore, shared regulatory factors governing the sex change process are expected to be conserved across protogynous fishes. However, a comprehensive understanding of this mechanism remains elusive. To identify these factors, we conducted a meta-analysis using gonadal transcriptome data from seven species. We curated data pairs of ovarian tissue and transitional gonad, and employed ratios of expression level as a unified criterion for differential expression, enabling a meta-analysis across species. Our approach revealed that classical sex change-related genes exhibited differential expression levels between the ovary and transitional gonads, consistent with previous reports. These results validate our methodology’s robustness. Additionally, we identified novel genes not previously linked to gonadal sex change in fish. Notably, changes in the expression levels of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase and apolipoprotein Eb, which are involved in cholesterol synthesis and transport, respectively, suggest that the levels of cholesterol, a precursor of steroid hormones crucial for sex change, are decreased upon sex change onset in the gonads. This implies a potential universal influence of cholesterol dynamics on gonadal transformation in protogyny.
The synthesis and crystal structure of (E)-2-{[(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylphenol: Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculations and anticorrosion studies
Authors: Yahiaoui Ahmed Abderrahim , Ghichi Nadir , Hannachi Douniazed , Mezhoud Bilel , Djedouani Amel , Kraim Khairedine , Crochet Aurélien , Stoeckli-Evans Helen
Published: July 2023

The title Schiff base compound, (E)-2-{[(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylphenol, C19H17NO2 (I), was synthesized via the reaction of 2-amino-4-methylphenol with 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde. The structure of I was characterized by NMR, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies in different solvents. The interatomic contacts in the crystal structure were explored using Hirshfeld surface analysis, which, together with the two-dimensional fingerprint plots, confirm the predominance of dispersion forces in the crystal structure. The molecule of I has a twisted conformation, with the mean plane of the naphthalene ring system being inclined to the plane of the phenol ring by 33.41 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form inversion dimers. There are parallel-displaced π–π interactions present, together with C—H...π interactions, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional structure. The anticorrosion potential of I was also investigated using density functional theory (DFT) in the gas phase and in various solvents. The compound was shown to exhibit significant anticorrosion properties for iron and copper. The molecular structure of I was determined by DFT calculations at the M062X/6-311+g(d) level of theory and compared with the crystallographically determined structure. Local and global reactivity descriptors were computed to predict the reactivity of I. Excellent agreement was observed between the calculated results and the experimental data.
1-[1,4-Bis(but-3-en-1-yloxy)]-2,3,4,5-(1,4-dimethoxy)pillar[5]arene–1,4-dibromobutane 1:1 inclusion complex
Authors: Vinodh Mickey , Al-Azemi Talal F.
Published: July 2023

In the title compound, C51H58O10·C4H8Br2, both the host and guest are completed by crystallographic twofold symmetry (one carbon atom of the host lies on the rotation axis). The pentagonal-shaped macrocycle has a pair of buteneoxy substituents on one of its faces and one molecule of 1,4-dibromobutane is encapsulated within the cavity of the pillararene, forming a 1:1 inclusion complex. The terminal alkene parts, which project outwards from the pillararene ring, exhibit positional disorder over two sets of sites in a 0.52 (2): 0.48 (2) ratio. The host and guest interact via C—H...O, C—H...Br and C—H...π interactions and adjacent host molecules interact via C—H...O and C—H...π bonds.
Modelling the factors affecting organizational flexibility in MSMEs
Authors: Joseph Jerome Jude Jegan , Sonwaney Vandana , O.N. Arunkumar
Published: July 2023

Purpose

In the era of multiple global disruptions, firms are finding it to continue their business. MSMEs are impacted more as they have constrained resources. Organizational flexibility has emerged as an organizational and management principle that would help firms stay competitive even in volatile markets. This study aims to present a set of guidelines and insights for MSME managers to implement organizational flexibility in their organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses total interpretive structural modelling to study how the various factors contributing to organizational flexibility behave together. Behavioural theory is used to explain why organizations need to incorporate flexibility, and systems theory of organization is used to explain why an organization needs to have open boundaries.

Findings

Organizational flexibility is a principle that may be supported by the systems theory of organization. The study has shown that it is important for MSMEs to have supply chain collaborations to be more flexible. The study also shows pressure from competitors as the key driver that would make a firm more flexible, and that adequate support from management and technological skills are required to drive flexibility in an organization.

Research limitations/implications

Single respondent bias may have occurred in this study. This can be eliminated by interviewing multiple people from the same organization. Further research around the reasoning for linkages can be explored with theory-driven grounded studies.

Originality/value

This study attempts to use a multi-criteria decision-making technique to present insights to managers to help them make their organizations flexible.
The effect of corporate social responsibility on open innovation: the moderating role of firm proactiveness
Authors: Cai Wenjun , Gu Jibao , Wu Jianlin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Open innovation (OI) is an effective way to achieve firms' sustainable development in emerging markets. This study aims to investigate the effects of business and philanthropic corporate social responsibility (CSR) on OI and the moderating role of firm proactiveness in such relationships. This study also examines the effects of OI on firms' financial and innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses multisource data from 688 firms in China, including data from surveys of top managers and objective data. The Tobit model, Poisson model, and ordinary least squares regression are adopted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results suggest that business CSR and philanthropic CSR both have positive effects on OI. Proactiveness weakens the positive effect of business CSR on OI, while strengthening the effect of philanthropic CSR on OI. The results also show that OI increases firm innovation and financial performance.

Originality/value

CSR enables firms to build wild, deep and trust-based relationships with external actors, which may benefit firms in open search of knowledge. However, it has not received adequate attention in the literature on OI. The findings contribute to the research on OI drivers from the perspective of social activities and enhance the understanding of how different types of CSR and firm proactiveness work together to influence OI.
Do nocturnal birds use acoustic and visual cues to avoid predation by bats?
Authors: GONG Lixin , WU Huan , WANG Zhiqiang , WU Hui , FENG Jiang , JIANG Tinglei
Published: July 2023

Anti‐predation strategies are critical to animal survival and are fundamental to deciphering predator–prey interactions. As an important defense strategy, sensory predator detection (such as through acoustic and visual cues) enables animals to assess predation risk and execute predator‐avoidance behavior; however, there are limited studies on the anti‐predation behavior of nocturnal animals. The prey of bats provides an excellent representative system for examining the anti‐predation behavior of nocturnal animals. Here, we broadcasted different types of echolocation calls of the bird‐eating bat Ia io to two wild passerine birds, namely, Zosterops japonicus and Sinosuthora webbiana, that are preyed upon by I. io, and presented the birds with individual bats under different light intensities. The results showed that both bird species were able to perceive the low‐frequency audible portion of the bats’ echolocation calls; however, they did not exhibit escape responses to the acoustic stimuli. In the dark and under moonlit conditions, both bird species were unable to respond to active bats at close range and the birds only exhibited evasive flight behavior when bats approached or touched them. These results suggest that nocturnal passerine birds may not be able to use acoustic or visual cues to detect bats and adopt evasive maneuvers to avoid predation. This work suggests that bat predation pressure may not elicit primary predator‐avoidance responses in nocturnal passerine birds. The results provide new insights into the anti‐predation behavior of nocturnal animals.
SERPINB5 is a prognostic biomarker and promotes proliferation, metastasis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Xiaotian , Ma Yiyang , Huang Zirui , Wang Gongming , Wang Weidong , Zhang Rusi , Guo Guangran , Zhang Xuewen , Wen Yingsheng , Zhang Lanjun
Published: July 2023

Background

Serine protease inhibitors clade B serpins (SERPINBs) are the largest subclass of protease inhibitors, once thought of as a tumor suppressor gene family. However, some SERPINBs exhibit functions unrelated to the inhibition of catalytic activity.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA), and cBioPortal databases were utilized to investigate SERPINBs expression, prognostic correlation, and genomic variation in 33 cancer types. We also conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis in multiple lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cohorts to reveal the molecular mechanism of SERPINB5 in LUAD. Then, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression and prognostic value of SERPINB5 in LUAD patients. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of SERPINB5 in LUAD cell lines were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Results

The expression of SERPINB5 was upregulated and demethylated in LUAD, and its abnormally high expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS). In addition, the expression of SERPINB5 was analyzed to determine its prognostic value in LUAD and confirmed that SERPINB5 was an independent predictor of LUAD in TCGA and GEO cohorts and qPCR validation with 106 clinical samples. At last, A knockdown of SERPINB5 in LUAD cells reduced proliferation, migration, and EMT. Proliferation, migration, and invasion are promoted by the overexpression of SERPINB5.

Conclusion

Therefore, SERPINB5 has shown potential as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD, and it may become a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Presentation trends, characteristics and outcomes for women with early pregnancy bleeding in the emergency department: A 10‐year data linkage study
Authors: Trostian Baylie , McCloughen Andrea , Fethney Judith , Curtis Kate
Published: July 2023

Background

Women present to the emergency department (ED) with pregnancy complications including bleeding. They seek investigations, treatment and clear discharge and referral pathways.

Aims

The aim was to identify trends, characteristics, ED care and discharge pathways for women who present to the ED with early pregnancy bleeding.

Methods

Retrospective data (from 2011 to 2020) were extracted from a regional health district‘s databank. Data were processed, and deterministic linking was used to produce a final data set. Descriptive statistics were used to identify trends and characteristics. Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify factors that influence health service use, outcomes and discharge pathways.

Results

Over the 10 years, there have been almost 15 000 presentations to the ED for early pregnancy bleeding, from approximately 10 000 women, 0.97% of all ED presentations. The frequency of presentations increased by 19.6% over the study period. The average age of women who presented to the ED was 29.1 years, which increased from 28.5 years (2011) to 29.3 (2020). The median length of stay was less than 4 h, and most women were treated and discharged from the ED. One‐third of presentations received neither ultrasound nor pathology, but health service costs increased by 330% from 2014 to 2020.

Conclusions

Maternal age is increasing, as is the frequency of ED presentations for early pregnancy bleeding, and both factors increase demands on the ED. Findings from this study may inform strategies to improve current care models and improve quality and safety practices within the ED.
Development of a novel nomogram to predict the risk of severe compensatory sweating following endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Authors: Adhami Mohammadmehdi , Bell Roger
Published: July 2023

Backgrounds

Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a permanent and effective treatment for primary hyperhidrosis and facial blushing; however, severe compensatory sweating (SCS) remains a devastating complication. We aimed to (i) construct a nomogram to predict the risk of SCS, and (ii) investigate factors associated with the level of satisfaction.

Methods

From Jan 2014 to Mar 2020, 347 patients underwent ETS by a single surgeon. These patients were asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding primary symptom resolution, level of satisfaction, and development of compensatory sweating. Multivariable analysis was conducted via logistic regression and ordinal regression to predict SCS and satisfaction level respectively. Nomogram was developed based on significant predictors.

Results

In total, 298 (85.9%) patients responded to the questionnaire with a mean follow up of 4.9 ± 1.8 years. Significant factors associated with SCS in the nomogram included older age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, P = 0.001), primary indication other than palmar hyperhidrosis (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.03–5.12, P = 0.04), and current smoking (OR 5.91, 95% CI 2.46–14.20, P < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.713. Multivariable analysis revealed that longer follow up (β = −0.201 ± 0.078, P = 0.01), gustatory hyperhidrosis (β = −0.781 ± 0.267, P = 0.003), primary indication other than palmar hyperhidrosis (β = −1.524 ± 0.292, P < 0.001), and SCS (β = −3.061 ± 0.404, P < 0.001) were independently associated with a lower degree of patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

The novel nomogram can provide a personalized numerical risk estimate to assist both the clinician and patient weigh the pros and cons as part of the decision‐making process, mitigating the chance of patient dissatisfaction.
Antimicrobials and antiseptics: Lowering effect on ocular surface bacterial flora – A systematic review
Authors: Ferrara Mariantonia , Gatti Francesca , Lockington David , Iaria Antonio , Kaye Stephen , Virgili Gianni , Aragona Pasquale , Semeraro Francesco , Romano Vito
Published: July 2023

Topical antimicrobials and antiseptics are used perioperatively to reduce the ocular surface bacteria flora (OSBF) that are involved in the development of post‐operative infectious complications. However, their effectiveness is still a controversial topic. This systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO, aims to provide an overview of the efficacy of the agents currently used in peri‐cataract surgery and ‐intravitreal injections (IVI) in lowering the OSBF. Although effective in lowering OSBF, perioperative topical antimicrobials are associated with the risk of resistance development, with no obvious additional benefit compared with topical antisepsis. Conversely, the effectiveness of topical antiseptics before cataract surgery and IVI is strongly supported. Based on the available evidence, perioperative antimicrobials are not recommended, whereas the perioperative use of antiseptics is strongly recommended as prophylactic treatment for lowering the infection due to OSBF. Post‐operative antimicrobials may be considered in eyes at higher risk for infection.
Impact of packaging system on the microbial quality of chilled rabbit meat over 21 days of storage
Authors: Racewicz Przemysław , Biesiada Hanna , Majewski Michał , Ludwiczak Agnieszka , Stanisz Marek , Składanowska‐Baryza Joanna
Published: July 2023

The pace of life is accelerating, so we are seeking ways to optimize the shelf life of products. To achieve this goal, the microbiological quality of rabbit meat was assessed at 7, 14, and 21 days under refrigerated conditions, utilizing two storage methods, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and vacuum packaging (VAC). Maintaining high levels of hygiene is critical not only during slaughter but also during subsequent technological processes and meat storage. The research concluded that the MAP method was more effective at extending the shelf‐life of fresh rabbit meat than the VAC method. Additionally, increasing the CO2 concentrations in meat significantly decreased the Pseudomonas bacteria population (after 14 and 21 days of storage). Conversely, the gaseous mixture containing 70% O2 significantly decreased the Enterobacteriaceae population in the sample after 21 days of storage. Moreover, the MAP storage method considerably impeded microbial growth, particularly the total yeast and mold count, lactic acid bacteria count, and Pseudomonas spp. count. This study's findings demonstrate that rabbit meat can be stored for 21 days in a modified atmosphere containing appropriate concentrations of gases such as gaseous carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Global city formation, authoritarian politics, and transnational policy transfer: The case of affordable housing in China
Authors: She Xiaoye
Published: July 2023

Conventional research on global cities and policy transfer focuses on global cities in developed democracies. How Asian global cities innovate and transfer social policy has received less scholarly attention. I argue that transnational policy transfer (TPT) has occurred between more mature global cities in Asia and emerging global cities in China in the post‐reform era. Empirically, this article examines the policy domain of affordable housing (AH) and identifies two mature models of AH provision: asset‐based welfare (ABW) in Singapore and public rental housing (PRH) in Hong Kong. It then traces how these models were transferred in three emerging global cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. While Shanghai has favored Singapore's ABW model, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have prioritized Hong Kong's PRH model. By selecting three cases with different political‐administrative statuses, this article shows how authoritarian politics can interact with the agency of global cities in shaping varying TPT trajectories.
Effects of thinning on functional and phylogenetic diversity of regenerated woody plants in plantations over time
Authors: Xie Jin , Fang Shuai , Yan Qiaoling
Published: July 2023

Aims

Conversion of natural mixed forests into monoculture plantations results in a loss of biodiversity, and consequently leads to serious ecological problems (e.g. soil acidification and soil fertility declines) by controlling the quantity and quality of litter entering the soil. Plant diversity in the understorey is the most important component of aboveground biodiversity in plantations and plays a critical role in the sustainable development of plantations. Thinning has been proven effective in promoting the regeneration of understorey plants, and most studies have targeted the effects of thinning on a single biodiversity index (e.g. species richness) of the understorey in plantations. The effects of thinning on functional and phylogenetic diversity are less addressed, however, which could limit the full understanding of biodiversity maintenance and potential processes of community assembly integrally in plantations after thinning.

Location

Northeast China.

Methods

We chose young and middle‐aged larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations based on the time after thinning (short term, 1–3 years; medium term, 4–9 years; and long term, 10 years or longer), quantified the functional and phylogenetic diversity and the structure of regenerated woody plants in the understorey, and related the functional and phylogenetic diversity to environmental factors (canopy openness and soil nutrients).

Results

Functional richness and evenness decreased over time after thinning in two types of plantations, and in the medium term the functional divergence of young plantations was significantly lower. At short term after thinning, the phylogenetic diversity was higher in two types of plantations. Functional richness was significantly related to canopy openness in young plantations, while functional divergence was closely related to soil phosphorus content in middle‐aged plantations. Functional and phylogenetic structure of the regenerated woody community changed from dispersion to clustering and had a significant relationship with environmental conditions (e.g. light availability in both young and middle‐aged plantations), highlighting that environmental filtering gradually became the main driving force of community assembly in the regenerated community of the understorey.

Conclusion

The functional and phylogenetic diversity of regenerated woody plants changed over time after thinning under the influence of light availability, and environmental filtering played a crucial role in the assembly of the understorey community. Our study expands the research of biodiversity maintenance by considering the effects of thinning over time, and provides new insights into the management and sustainable development of plantations.
A novel gain‐of‐function PIP4K2A mutation elevates the expression of β‐globin and aggravates the severity of α‐thalassemia
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Xie Hongting , Liang Guanxia , Qin Yunrong , Wei Xiaofeng , Ning Sisi , Liang Yi , Liang Xiongda , Xie Yuling , Lin Zezhang , Zhu Dina , Lin Jiaqiong , Xiong Fu , Xu Xiangming , Shang Xuan
Published: July 2023

Haemoglobin H (Hb H) disease (intermediate status of α‐thalassemia) shows marked phenotypic variability from asymptomatic to severe anaemia. Apart from the combined β‐thalassemia allele ameliorating clinical severity, reports of genetic modifier genes affecting the phenotype of Hb H disease are scarce which bring inconvenience to precise diagnosis and genetic counselling of the patients. Here, we present a novel mutation (c.948C>A, p.S316R) in the PIP4K2A gene in a female Hb H disease patient who displayed moderate anaemia and a relatively high Hb H level. Haematological analysis in her family members revealed that individuals carrying this mutation have upregulated β‐globin expression, leading to a more imbalanced β/α‐globin ratio and more Hb H inclusion bodies in peripheral red blood cells. According to functional experiments, the mutant PIP4K2A protein exhibits enhanced protein stability, increased kinase activity and a stronger regulatory effect on downstream proteins, suggesting a gain‐of‐function mutation. Moreover, introduction of the S316R mutation into HUDEP‐2 cells increased expression of β‐globin, further inhibiting erythroid differentiation and terminal enucleation. Thus, the S316R mutation is a novel genetic factor associated with β‐globin expression, and the PIP4K2A gene is a new potential modifier gene affecting the α‐thalassemia phenotype.
Does the union always make the force? Group status and recategorization influence the perceived physical formidability of potential coalition groups
Authors: Vázquez Alexandra , Dovidio John F. , Gómez Ángel
Published: July 2023

Coalitions among individuals and between groups, which have had critical evolutionary benefits for humans, play an important role in contemporary life. One key element of the processes of assessing potential allies is how they may contribute to the perceived physical formidability – fighting ability or the capacity to inflict costs on others – of the alliance. In three studies, focused for the first time on intergroup coalitions, we investigated how qualities of the groups such as status (social prestige) and the relationship between them influence the perceived physical formidability of a coalition (i.e., European Union, EU). Study 1 found that the inclusion of a group with higher or similar (but not lower) status increased the perceived formidability of the EU. Studies 2 and 3 showed that learning that ingroup members recategorized a low‐status group within a common‐group identity increased the perceived formidability of the EU including that group, compared with the conditions in which either outgroup members recategorized or no information was provided. Study 3 also revealed mediation by fusion – a visceral connection – with outgroup members, which has been relatively unexplored. Taken together, these studies reveal that both, status and social identity processes, may significantly affect the estimations of coalitional formidability.
Correlation between periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness: A systematic review
Authors: Díaz Leonardo , Fan Shengchi , Urrutia Pablo , Uriarte Xavier , Fodich Ivo , Torres Alfredo , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo
Published: July 2023

Aim

To assess the correlation between the periodontal phenotype (PP) and sinus membrane thickness (SMT) in humans.

Methods

This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers independently carried out electronic and manual literature searches of studies published in English, German, and Spanish, from 1970 to September 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Studies that assessed the correlation between PP and SMT in adults (aged 18 years) were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) for articles that met the eligibility criteria.

Results

Six studies, including 510 patients, were considered for qualitative analysis. All included studies were cross‐sectional, and the correlation between the PP and SMT was evaluated, finding a positive and high correlation in 83.3% of them, based on a value of ≥0.7. All the included studies were assessed with a high overall risk of bias.

Conclusions

Periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness are likely correlated. Nevertheless, further standardized studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.