bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SCHOOL WELL BEING DAN SELF REGULATED LEARNING PADA SISWA SMPN 2 TAMAN
Authors: Mahesanara Asha Ayodya , Nastiti Dwi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena adanya fenomena kurang adanya self regulated learning yang ditemui penulis pada siswa SMP seperti tidak memiliki jadwal belajar secara mandiri dirumah, membutuhkan bantuan teman dalam mengerjakan tugas, belum memiliki target pendidikan lanjutan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan school well being dengan self regulated learning pada siswa SMP. Penelitiannya merupakan penelitian kuantitatif kerelasional. Sampel penelitian sejumlah 270 diambil dari 1119 siswa berdasar tabel Issac & Michael dengan signifikansi 5%, dan teknik samplingnya menggunakan proportinated stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala school well being dan self regulated learning. Analisis data menggunakan analisa statistik regresi sederhana dengan bantuan program JASP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan koefisien korelasi F = 44.954, p= 0.001. Hasil ini berarti hipotesis diterima, yaitu ada hubungan positif antara school well being dengan self regulated learning pada siswa SMP
Coping Stress of Orphaned Teenagers During a Pandemic
Authors: Amru Nurmughni Algam , Dwi Nastiti
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi bagaimana cara remaja yatim piatu di panti asuhan ini untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi. Berdasarkan masalah di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Coping Stress Remaja Yatim Piatu Saat Masa Pandemi. Penelitian yang diterapkan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Jumlah responden 100 orang remaja yatim. Teknik sampling yang digunakan sampling jenuh. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Proses analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan menggunakan SPSS versi 17,0. Hasil uji reliabilitas terhadap skala coping stress menunjukkan  koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,894. Hasil analisis data sebanyak 25 responden laki-laki menggunakan emotion focused coping dengan prosentase sebesar 39%. Sebanyak 30 responden berjenis kelamin perempuan menggunakan emotion focused coping dengan prosentase sebesar 83%. Kemudian  sebanyak 39 responden remaja yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki menggunakan problem focused coping dengan persentase sebesar 61%. Sementara itu responden remaja yang berjenis kelamin perempuan menggunakan problem focused coping sebanyak 6 orang dengan persentase sebesar 17%.
The characteristic change of mRNA expression profile in plasmaexosomes from patients with MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis and itspossible connections with pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Yangfan , Zhou Dongqing , Qian Xin , Ge Shangqing , Shuai Zongwen
Published: March 2024

Objective
To explore the expression characteristics and potential roles of mRNAs in exosomes from the patients with MPO-AAV.
Methods
Plasma exosomes were isolated from MPO-AAV patients and HC to conducted exosome mRNA sequencing to screen differential mRNA expression in MPO-AAV compared to HC. The mRNA differentially expressed in exosomes from the 2 groups were comparatively explored by bioinformatics analysis. Six mRNAs with most differential expressions were selected and validated in larger groups of MPO-AAV patient and HC by RT-PCT. The relationships between these selected mRNAs and patient clinical information will be statistically analyzed.
Results
Compared with HCs, a total of 1,077 mRNA in exosomes from MPO-AAV patients were found to be differentially expressed mRNAs significantly up-regulated included DEPDC1B and TPST1, while NSUN4 and AK4 were involved in mRNAs significantly down regulated. Statistics analysis did not find any correlation-ship between the six selected mRNAs and the patient clinical indicators including disease activity.
Conclusions
There are significant differences in the expression characteristics of exosome mRNA between MPO-AAV patients and healthy people, which may be related to the occurrence and development of MPO-AAV, which provides the clues for further investigation of MPO-AAV pathogenesis and further search for new potential therapeutic targets.
Risks and practical challenges in tracheal intubation in children with acquired laryngeal webs: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Wang Xin , Kong Xia , Mo Li-qun , Wan Yun-qiang , Deng Zhi-peng , Scharffenberg Martin , Wang Xiaobin
Published: March 2024

Background
Laryngeal webs represent a rare pathological condition characterized by the narrowing of the vocal folds. Laryngeal webs and their relationship to airway management challenges/complications are well known, however, posterior laryngeal webs, predominantly acquired, represents steeper angle between the oral cavity and the glottic airway compared to congenital laryngeal webs. In addition, there is limited experience with the literature for accurately measuring vocal fold opening to minimize tracheal intubation attempts, and for determining the optimal method of artificial airway and surgical approach.
Case presentation
A 13-year-old male previously underwent adenoidectomy under general anesthesia six months ago. Subsequent to the procedure, the patient experienced a lower pitch in his voice, accompanied by a rough, hoarse quality. A consecutive fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed that a glottic web covered the dorsal half of the paired vocal folds, restricting vocal fold abduction. The diagnosis was laryngeal webs and accordingly a trans-supportive laryngoscopic microscopic CO2 laser excision was scheduled to resect the glottic web. Considering that laser-induced heat in an oxygen-enriched environment can lead to airway fire or burns, endotracheal intubation was preferred. However, due to the absent of glottic airway measure, incorrect size of tracheal tubes were used. In addition, the different risks associated with the angle between the oral cavity and anterior/posterior glottic airway were underestimated, leading to vocal cord edema and emergency airway occurrence. An emergency tracheotomy was performed promptly to ensure the patient's oxygenation. Inspired by this case, we developed a simple image identification program for rapid measurement of the vocal fold and provided recommendations for surgical approach selection based on differences in the degree of difficulty of the artificial airway and surgical intervention.
Conclusion
The presented case and the literature reviewed suggest that improved preoperative assessment of patent glottic airway opening, appropriate use of airway management techniques, rescue strategies, and selection of an optimal surgical treatment are of utmost importance for preventing life-threatening complications in patients with acquired laryngeal webs.
Preoperative DCE-MRI radiomics-based machine learning model to predict sentinel lymph node metastasis in clinical N0 breast cancer
Authors: Tsuchiya Mitsuteru
Published: March 2024

Objective
To establish and validate radiomics-based machine learning models based on dynamic contrast–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for the preoperative identification of sentinel lymph node metastases (SLNM) in patients with clinical N0 (cN0) breast cancer.
Methods
Preoperative DCE-MRI images of patients with cN0 breast cancer were collected from September 2006 through December 2021 from 144 SLNM-positive patients and 144 age-matched SLNM-negative patients. The patients were randomly divided into training (n = 200) and validation (n = 88) sets. Radiomic features were extracted from the first phase of the DCE-MRI. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to select the radiomics features. Four machine learning classifiers were evaluated: k-nearest neighbor, random forest, support vector machine, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting.
Results
Five radiomic features were selected using LASSO logistic regression. Our radiomics models showed good calibration and prediction values with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.70 to 0.77 and from 0.68 to 0.75 in the training and validation sets, respectively. In the validation set, the SVM model achieved the highest value with an AUC of 0.75, with a sensitivity of 70.5%, specificity of 77.3%, and accuracy of 73.9%.
Conclusion
MRI radiomics-based machine learning models can be useful for preoperative prediction of SLNM in cN0 breast cancer.
Adapting to new challenges in Medical Education: A Three-Step Digitization Approach for Blended Learning
Authors: Gellisch Morris , Morosan-Puopolo Gabriela , Brand-Saberi Beate , Schäfer Thorsten
Published: March 2024

This research work focuses on evaluating the development of our three-step digitization approach, designed to transform traditional lectures into engaging digital learning experiences. Aimed at offering an easy-to-use solution for educators, this approach addresses the pressing challenges of modern educational environments by enhancing accessibility, engagement, and effectiveness of learning through digital means. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a notable increase in knowledge gain for students engaged with the digital format (t(230) = -2.795, p = 0.006) over traditional methods. Additionally, it was observed that the online setting significantly improved concentration levels (t(230) = -5.801, p < .001) and reduced distractions (t(230) = 2.848, p = 0.005). Emotional assessments, based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ), indicated an elevation in enjoyment (t(230) = -4.717, p < .001) and a reduction in anxiety (t(230) = 9.446, p < .001) within the digital learning environment. A substantial preference for the digital course format was expressed by 61.0% of participants, with 71.4% acknowledging its superior efficiency compared to 14.3% for traditional lectures. Qualitative feedback underscored the digital format's flexibility, comprehensive learning experience, and immediate feedback as key benefits. Nevertheless, nuances such as a preferred understanding in face-to-face interactions and the absence of a social component in digital settings were noted. To conclude, the findings from this study illuminate the significant advantages of the three-step digitization approach in meeting contemporary educational challenges. By facilitating an enhanced knowledge acquisition and fostering a supportive emotional climate, this approach signifies a promising direction for the future of medical education and beyond, fusing the convenience of digital solutions with the depth and engagement of traditional learning methodologies.
Gender Differences in the Impact of Anatomical Factors on Non- contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Jin Xixin , Wu Xujin , Xu Wei , She Chang , Li Liubing , Mao Yongtao
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To identify MRI-detected anatomical risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries across genders.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 141 ACL-reconstructed patients (35 females, 106 males) and 142 controls (37 females, 105 males) from January 2020 to April 2022. Inclusion criteria were primary non-contact ACL injuries. We measured the tibial plateau slope, lateral femoral condyle index, Insall-Salvati index, and patellar tendon angle, using binary logistic regression for gender-specific risk evaluation.
Results
Increased lateral tibial plateau slope, reduced intercondylar notch width index, lateral femoral condyle index, and patellar tendon angle correlated with ACL injuries in both genders (P < 0.05). The Insall-Salvati index was a significant risk factor in females (P = 0.001) but not in males (P = 0.601).
Conclusion
Anatomical variations like the lateral tibial plateau slope and the Insall-Salvati index in females are significant ACL injury risk factors. These findings suggest the need for gender-specific prevention strategies.
Re-programmable and active multilayer responsive materials based on ultra- high molecular polyethylene
Authors: Athanasopoulos Nikolaos , Chatziathanasiou Grigorios Michail
Published: March 2024

We have developed actively responsive materials that change their shape using hybrid multilayer structures based on the ultra-high molecular polyethylene films (UHMWPE) and copper networks. The fabrication method that is presented combines uniquely low-cost films, layer-by-layer techniques and mass production manufacturing methods from the electronic industry. Through this fabrication method, large-scale responsive surfaces can be developed. Their initial shape can be re-programmed after triggering, while the material remains functional. The developed responsive materials are activated due to the Joule-heating effect on the copper network, when an electrical voltage is applied. The geometry changes drastically due to the induced thermal stresses of the multilayer structure and the anisotropic thermo-mechanical properties, while their shape can be re-programmed in-situ without forming tools. Using X-ray diffractometry, we found that thermal annealing controls the intensity of specific crystalline planes of the polymeric film, leading to specific fabrication protocols in order to achieve great reversibility and resistance to thermal cycling fatigue. Through the integration of low-cost UHMWPE films and by controlling their crystalline structure, the materials can operate at higher temperature levels with great reversibility and sensitivity. These materials can be used in real engineering applications, where soft actuators are important, because of their versatile design and high thermal fatigue resistance.
Depression, anxiety, stress, and health quality of life in vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Baghbani Fahimeh , Tajadiny Laleh , Aghakouchak-Afshari Setareh , Soleimani-Houni Maryam , Baniasadi Ali Khaksar , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Mirzaee Firoozeh , Dehghanipour Maryam , Ahmadi Atefeh
Published: March 2024

Background:
Candidal vulvovaginitis is a common fungal infection among women, affecting nearly 80% of adult women. Chronic and recurrent cases significantly impact the quality of life, often due to prolonged and indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, leading to resistance. This resistance can result in prolonged, costly treatment and notable emotional and psychological effects. The study aims to compare the psychological effects of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as quality of life, in women with recurrent candidal vulvovaginitis to those with non-recurrent forms of infection.
Methods
The study first gathered demographic information from individuals with recurring and non-recurring candidal vulvovaginitis in health centers across Kerman City using a relevant questionnaire. Additionally, the impact of Candida vulvaginitis infection on stress, anxiety, and depression levels was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire adapted from the DASS questionnaire. Furthermore, the participants' physical and mental well-being was evaluated using the SF-36 health-related quality of life questionnaire, consisting of 8 questions and 6 components.
Results
A total of 84 women participated in the study: 42 with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and 42 without RVVC. After analyzing the data from the completion of two questionnaires by patients in the two groups, a significant difference in Quality of Life (QoL) was observed between them (P=0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of depression (P=0.674), anxiety (P=0.938), and stress (P=0.615).
Conclusion
Vulvovaginal candidosis significantly affects women's QoL and mental health worldwide. While its impact varies among infection forms, no significant differences were found in stress, anxiety, and depression. Clinical intervention should focus on addressing these effects, and further research with control groups is warranted for deeper understanding.
Effects of nonlinear moisture coefficients of expansion on rectangular Craquelure of oil panel paintings
Authors: Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh
Published: March 2024

In the subject of cultural heritage, understanding how craquelure develops and how it affects historical objects—especially panel paintings—is of importance. Here a bilayer system of panel painting made of gesso and wood support is considered. Gesso is a primed surface to adhere to oil. Because it is composed of paint pigment, chalk, and binder it has complex mechanical and chemical properties. The fully nonlinear gesso moisture expansion model is both used in this research to find the optimal rectangular patterns based on constructal theory. The constructal theory is utilized, which is in charge of the crack development during the initial drying phases of the produced painting. The compromise of two mechanisms—diffusion of moisture content and advection drying by fluid flow through the cracks—detects the ideal scale of rectangular patterns because the constructal theory is based on increased access to the drying currents that flow through the crack pattern. The two-dimensional rectangular solid is dried by the normal air fluid flow at the boundaries while moisture diffusion happens inside the domain. The spacing between blocks of crack islands which has the smallest drying time is then determined using parametric research as an optimal configuration. The capability of the constructal theory is shown by comparing the numerical findings with prior research and experimental data that have already been obtained. The approach and findings are generalizable to different craquelure pattern kinds and structural conservators.
How to say ‘no’ to a false memory: Leaky and noisy evidence accumulation during associative read-out
Authors: Sokolovič Leo , Hofmann Markus J.
Published: March 2024

The associative-read-out model (AROM) is an interactive activation model (IAM) of semantic and episodic memory, which has already predicted behavioral and neural data during recognition memory. The core AROM is a deterministic model containing the original IAM and a semantic layer, where long-term associations between words are defined by word co-occurrence statistics. Episodic traces on the other hand are reflected by the resting level activations of semantic word units. However, the AROM lacks an explicit decision layer. Here, we extend AROM with a layer encompassing linear leaky competing accumulators, where evidence accumulation is driven by the activation from the episodic-semantic layer. We fit the resulting AROM+ with individual episodic memory traces and decision parameters and show that it can account for accuracies and response times in a recognition memory task. Further it mechanistically shows that false and veridical memories are driven by the combination of the semantic and episodic memory signals. When exploring decision-related vs. mnemonic explanations of the N400, we find that the amplitude of the N400 is driven by episodic-semantic activation at frontal, central and posterior locations. This amplitude modulation is strongest over frontal electrodes supporting the view that the frontal FN400 is also driven by memory signals. In addition, the amplitude of the FN400 was influenced by the response criteria. In sum, the AROM+ provides a convenient tool for disentangling episodic, semantic, and executive processes in recognition memory.
Inheriting and Restoring Historic Structures in Urban Renewal: A Study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China
Authors: Clement Francis Deng , Shutian Zhou , Mehdipour Armin
Published: March 2024

Background: The case study of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China, illustrates the complex relationship between heritage preservation, urban development, and environmental sustainability. Xiamen's shift from an island-like to a bay-like city highlights challenges like air pollution, flood risks, and marine debris management. The city's rich cultural legacy is essential for conservation amidst socio-economic factors such as spatial disparities and chronic disease management. Addressing healthcare and public health considerations is crucial for sustainable urban development in Xiamen, facing environmental challenges like floods and pollution.
Objectives: The study assesses the influence of establishing the Long-term Urban Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in Xiamen on urban conservation and environmental protection, emphasizing the integration of scientific research into urban development strategies for preserving natural ecosystems and water quality in urbanizing watersheds.
Methods: The study on "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China emphasizes the importance of preserving historic structures in urban renewal projects. It focuses on understanding water quality, toxic element intake, public health, and safety assessment for sustainable preservation.
Results: The research emphasizes the effective incorporation of scientific studies and preservation initiatives in the urban redevelopment initiative of "Jiangcuo and Lucuo" in Xiamen, China. It investigates the impact of environmental, public health, and socio-economic aspects on historical buildings within urban renewal projects.
Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating scientific research, preservation efforts, and environmental considerations is crucial for the successful restoration of historic structures in urban renewal projects.
Widespread and persistent oligotrophication of northern rivers
Authors: Futter Martyn , Nilsson Jenny , Camiolo Sara , Huser Brian , Agstam-Norlin Oskar
Published: March 2024

Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient in freshwaters1 and oligotrophication (declining nutrient concentrations), associated with reductions in anthropogenic loading, has occurred in many locations2,3,4,5. Here, we report on persistent and widespread oligotrophication of northern rivers (56o-66o N) that is apparently unrelated to declining anthropogenic loading. Over the past forty years, P concentrations in rivers draining minimally disturbed subarctic, boreal and nemoboreal Swedish catchments have declined by close to 50%, with more rapid declines in already nutrient poor locations. Trends are negatively related to increasing air temperature, pH and alkalinity and unrelated to calcium and organic carbon concentrations and runoff. Trends were strongest in rivers draining catchments with shallow, nutrient poor soils lying above the highest postglacial coastline. Today, P concentrations in most study rivers are below expected background (reference) levels, suggesting we are entering a new water quality regime. These widespread and ongoing P declines are likely to further increase oligotrophication of northern rivers and highlight the need for a new surface water management paradigm addressing the consequences of nutrient scarcity instead of focusing solely on actions targeting nutrient reductions.
FROM SEED TO SHRUB: A THOROUGH REVIEW OF BIXA ORELLANA AND ITS DIVERSE APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama,Vadodara-391243, Gujarat, India, Patel Vandana , Rana Dhvani ,   Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama,Vadodara-391243, Gujarat, India, Tawar Diya ,   Krishna School of Pharmacy and Research, Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel Global University, Varnama,Vadodara-391243, Gujarat, India
Published: March 2024

The plant Bixa orellana (Annatto) is a botanical treasure with a complex personality that shows adaptability beyond commercial and cultural limits. Following a thorough investigation, this plant's "From Seed to Shrub" journey is revealed, considering a variety of medicinal uses. The main attraction of this plant is the vivid reddish-orange pigment, derived from its seeds, which has become a staple in the culinary sector. Vegan items and ethnic foods alike benefit from the unique color and traditional flavor that annatto adds to food preparations. Bixa orellana is used in traditional medicine for purposes other than coloring; its extracts are said to have medicinal qualities. Its profound cultural importance, which is ingrained in native customs and ceremonies, lends depth to its adaptable nature. Industrially, the plant is highly productive because it can produce annatto dye, a commodity that finds use in textiles, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This makes annatto an important component of worldwide industrial processes. The plant's ability to adjust to many environmental circumstances adds to its allure, making it easier to cultivate and guaranteeing accessibility on a worldwide level. Further investigation into the phytochemistry of Bixa orellana is also pointing to possible pharmaceutical uses, which could lead to the creation of new therapeutic opportunities. Its socio-economic significance is highlighted by the fact that annatto production and commercialization considerably improve living conditions in areas where it is abundant. Overall, Bixa orellana is a botanical wonder that has a rich history of use in a variety of disciplines, including being a versatile plant with a wide range of uses and a bright future.
Assessment and modeling of mercury adsorption on carbon-based adsorbents prepared from Jacaranda mimosifolia and guava biomass via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Morales-Herrera Víctor Aljair , Quintero-Álvarez Fátima Gisela , Mendoza-Castillo Didilia Ileana , Reynel-Ávila Hilda Elizabeth , Aguayo-Villarreal Ismael Alejandro , Landin-Sandoval Verónica Janeth , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrián
Published: March 2024

The mercury adsorption properties of carbon-based materials prepared from jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and guava (Psidium guajava) seed wastes are reported and compared in this paper. These adsorbent samples were obtained via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization. Mercury adsorption equilibrium was studied at pH 4 and 20–40 °C, and the adsorption enthalpy changes were calculated for all adsorbent samples. The results showed that jacaranda-based materials contained a higher amount of acidic functional groups than guava seed-based adsorbents, and consequently, their mercury adsorption properties were better. The surface area of these adsorbents was <10 m2/g thus being classified as low-porosity materials. Elemental analysis indicated that all adsorbents were mainly composed of oxygen (4–25%) and carbon (75–95%). The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation of the best adsorbent were 18.05–30.09 mg/g under the tested experimental conditions. Statistical physics calculations also indicated that the adsorption mechanism of HgCl2 species was multi-molecular and endothermic. Ligand exchange and van der Waals forces were involved in generating the mercury–adsorbent interface. These results highlight the importance of comparing and optimizing biomass thermochemical conversion routes to tailor the surface properties of adsorbents used for water purification.
The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Functional Constipation Following Colonoscopy: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Soheilipour Maryam , Khosravi Leila , Tabesh Elham , Jafari Mohammad , Rabiee Fatemeh , Tajabadi-Ebrahimi Maryam , Adibi Peyman
Published: March 2024

Background:

Functional constipation (FC) is characterized by infrequent and hard bowel
movements, often accompanied by difficulty and pain during the passage. It has been suggested
that an imbalanced microbiome contributes to the development of FC. One potential intervention
is post-colonoscopy probiotic supplementation, which could create a favorable environment for
FC patients.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on relieving constipation
in FC patients.

Methods:

The current study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
(RCT) involving 78 patients with FC. Participants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic
(n=39) or placebo groups (n=39). They received two capsules of either probiotic or placebo for 12
weeks. The assessment of bowel habit was based on ROME-IV criteria, which included anal obstruction
feeling, defecation frequency, hard stool, painful defecation, force pushing, manual maneuvers,
incomplete emptying, and total score. In addition, primary outcomes also included variables
related to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).

Results:

Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the ROME-IV total score and its other
components, with the exception of defecation frequency, when compared to the placebo group
(13.93± 0.57 vs. 17.77± 0.60; P<0.001). Furthermore, the risk of type I stool (RR: 0.036; 95% CI:
0.004-0.331) and II stool (RR: 0.076; 95% CI: 0.019-0.309) was significantly decreased in the probiotic
group.

Conclusion:

Despite some controversies surrounding the effects of probiotic supplementation on
FC treatment, this RCT concluded that probiotic supplementation can improve bowel habits in FC
patients.
Anti-diabetic Potentials of Coffee Polyphenols: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hafiz Maryam S.
Published: March 2024

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, with potential health benefits
and anti-diabetic qualities. Numerous bioactive substances found in coffee have been studied for
their possible therapeutic benefits in controlling blood glucose. Given the ubiquitous use of coffee,
this article aims to review the anti-diabetic characteristics of various coffee bioactive compounds
such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, quinic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeine. The modulation
of glucose homeostasis, improvement of insulin sensitivity, suppression of gluconeogenesis,
anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant activity are only a few of the several mechanisms of
action that have been suggested. These qualities allow coffee polyphenols to potentially have antidiabetic
effects, opening the door to prospective medicinal uses. The molecular mechanisms underpinning
the effects of coffee polyphenols on insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism
have been clarified by in vitro investigations. In animal studies, coffee polyphenols have positively
affected pancreatic function, insulin resistance, and glucose regulation. Human studies have
linked drinking coffee to a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, better glycaemic management, and
increased insulin sensitivity.
Spectrum and Power Efficient Anti-jamming Approach for Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jdeed Hussein , Altabban Wissam , Jamal Samer
Published: March 2024

Background:

Spectrum scarcity, spectrum efficiency, power constraints, and jamming
attacks are core challenges that face wireless networks. While cognitive radio networks (CRNs)
enable the sharing of licensed bands when they are unoccupied, the spectrum should be used efficiently
by the secondary user (SU) to ensure a high data rate transmission. In addition, the mobility of
the SUs makes power consumption a matter of concern in wireless networks. Because of the open environment,
the jamming attack can easily deteriorate the performance and disrupt the connections.

Objectives:

We aim to enhance the performance of CRN and establish more reliable connections
for the SU in the presence of smart jammer by ensuring efficient spectrum utilization and extending
the network lifetime.

Methods:

To achieve our objectives, we propose an anti-jamming approach that adopts frequency
hopping. Our approach assumes that SUs observe spectrum availability and channel gain. Then, SU
learns the jammer behaviour and goes for the appropriate policy in terms of the number of data and
control channels that optimize jointly spectrum efficiency and power consumption. Within, the interaction
between the SU and the jammer is modelled as a zero-sum stochastic game, and we employ
reinforcement learning (RL) to address this game.

Results:

SUs learn the optimal policy that maximizes the spectrum efficiency and minimizes the
power consumption in the presence of a smart jammer. Simulation results show that the low channel
gain leads the SU to select a high number of data channels. However, when the channel gain is
high, the SU increases the number of control channels to guarantee a more reliable connection.
Taking into account the spectrum efficiency, SUs save their energy by decreasing the number of
used channels. The proposed strategy achieves better performance in comparison with myopic
learning and the random strategy.

Conclusion:

Under a jamming attack, considering the gain of utilized channels, SUs select the appropriate
number of control and data channels to ensure a reliable, efficient, and long-term connection.
Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings—Let Us Not Reinvent the Wheel
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , de Keizer Nicolette , Magrabi Farah , Williams Robin , Rigby Michael , Prgomet Mirela , Kukhareva Polina , Wong Zoie Shui-Yee , Scott Philip , Craven Catherine K , Georgiou Andrew , Medlock Stephanie , Brender McNair Jytte , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: March 2024

Given the requirement to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of technology applications in health care provision, there is an urgent need to incorporate theory-informed health IT (HIT) evaluation frameworks into existing and emerging guidelines for the evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI). Such frameworks can help developers, implementers, and strategic decision makers to build on experience and the existing empirical evidence base. We provide a pragmatic conceptual overview of selected concrete examples of how existing theory-informed HIT evaluation frameworks may be used to inform the safe development and implementation of AI in health care settings. The list is not exhaustive and is intended to illustrate applications in line with various stakeholder requirements. Existing HIT evaluation frameworks can help to inform AI-based development and implementation by supporting developers and strategic decision makers in considering relevant technology, user, and organizational dimensions. This can facilitate the design of technologies, their implementation in user and organizational settings, and the sustainability and scalability of technologies.
The Heavy Burden: Exploring Connections Between Mental Health, Burnout, and Academic Factors Among Medical Students at an Iranian University (Preprint)
Authors: Faghihzadeh Elham , Eghtesad Ali
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Medical students face high levels of burnout and mental health issues during training. Understanding associated factors can inform supportive interventions.

OBJECTIVE

Examine burnout, psychological well-being, and related demographics among Iranian medical students.

METHODS

Cross-sectional survey of 131 medical students at an Iranian university. Instruments included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) plus a psychological symptom checklist (SCL-90). Descriptive, multivariate regression and tests for group differences analyzed data.

RESULTS

Mean MBI-SS subscale scores showed moderate emotional exhaustion (15.00±7.08) and academic efficacy (14.98±6.29) but lower cynicism (10.85±5.89). The most commonly reported mental health issues were depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Worse psychological wellbeing associated with higher overall burnout, but no gender differences found. Upper academic level linked to changes in all MBI domains.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite health education, sampled students reported considerable burnout and mental health distress which associated strongly. This risks student persistence and post-graduation practice plans. Supporting wellbeing in training is critical for positive student and physician outcomes.
Inter-well Connectivity Mapping System Based on Production Dynamic Data
Authors: Gao Yiru , Ma Jingyi , Qian Shuyi , Tian Siyu , Wu Yibei
Published: March 2024

In the process of oilfield development, interwell connectivity is an important index for reservoir evaluation, but after most of the oilfields enter into the medium-high water content development stage, the evaluation of interwell connectivity becomes the key to improve the efficiency of injection and recovery development. In order to solve the problems of time-consuming and costly of the traditional dynamic connectivity research methods, a water-driven injection and recovery inter-well connectivity calculation model was established through the study of Liu76-60 well group. In the process of the study, the inter-well model was established by processing the data of the well group, and the inter-well connectivity between injection and extraction wells was calculated on the basis of this model, and the calculated results were verified by multivariate linear regression equations. The final results show that the model established in the study is more accurate in evaluating the inter-well connectivity, and the comparison can be confirmed to be consistent with the results of the production dynamics, so the model can be used to evaluate the inter-well connectivity, which has a positive effect on the effective improvement of the efficiency of injection and recovery development in the reservoir.
Exploration of the Application of Green Mining Technology in Coal Mines under the New Situation
Authors: Ma Chuanbin
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the application of green mining technology in coal mines under the new situation, considering the environmental pressures and requirements for sustainable development faced by coal mining. Firstly, it introduces the definition and principles of green mining, along with its development history, and analyzes the importance of relevant policies and regulations. Subsequently, it analyzes the demands faced by coal mining under the new situation, including the relationship between environmental issues and sustainable development, the impact of new energy development on coal mines, and social demands and public opinion pressure. Furthermore, through application cases, it showcases the specific practices of green mining technology in coal mines, involving environmental protection technology, energy efficiency improvement technology, and green mining technology. When discussing the challenges and issues of technology application, it focuses on technical difficulties, economic feasibility, and human resources and training needs. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of green mining technology in coal mines, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and proposing suggestions regarding technological innovation, policy support, and corporate responsibilities.
Study the effect of Industrial Dairy, Textile, Leather and Paper Waste Water on the Engineering and Geotechnical Properties of Fine-Grained Soil
Authors: A. El Kasaby Elsayed , A. Eissa Alnos , F. Essa Alaa , M. Hawari Eman
Published: March 2024

Comprehend and forecasting the engineering characteristics of fine-grained soils is crucial for the practice of geotechnical engineering. Fine-grained soil contamination occurs on a daily basis as a result of industrial development and pipeline or reservoir leaks. Due to the influence of the surrounding condition, substantial damage occurs in the foundations of buildings. The presence of industrial wastewater in the soil contributes to a change in its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and then negatively affects the foundations of various facilities. In addition to environmental issues such as groundwater contamination, the changing of the geotechnical qualities of polluted soil is a concern. As a result of the concentrations of pollutants resulting from the industrial businesses such as dairy products industry, spinning and weaving factories, paper factories and leather wastewater are extremely high in developing countries. Disposal of untreated industrial waste water is a common problem in these countries. This paper describes an experimental investigation that was conducted to explore the effect of four types of industrial wastewater; dairy (DW), textile (TW), leather (LW) and paper (PW) on the deformational behavior of fine-grained soil. Fine-grained soil was exposed to DW, TW, LW and PW for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 months. Four remolded soil groups of samples are generated for this investigation and combined with the four types of industrial wastewater of constant moisture content (70%). The Atterberg limits, plasticity index, specific gravity, free swelling, optimal moisture content (OMC), and maximum dry density (γdmax) of each mixture were calculated after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 months of mixing soil with industrial waste water. Comparisons were made between the results of four groups of samples.
Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Integrons Associated with Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples
Authors: Shetty Varsha Prakash , Rodrigues Carol , Deekshit Vijaya Kumar
Published: March 2024

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria is a root cause of severe infections. It is threatening to observe that MDR is also found in ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens, which has caused a hike in nosocomial infection. The diminishing spectrum of treatment against these pathogens demands an alternative realm of treatment. One such nosocomial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii is known to cause pneumonia, blood stream infection, urinary tract infections, especially affecting immunocompromised individuals. Due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, these pathogens have gained resistance to major classes of antibiotics through mutation and horizontal gene transfer via mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons and integrons. This study mainly aims at identifying integron mediated drug resistance among clinical and environmental strains of A. baumannii. In this study, A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples were screened for antibiotic susceptibility tests. The multidrug resistant isolates were then checked for the presence of 3 classes of integrons viz Intl1 (Class 1), Intl2 (class 2) and, Intl3 (class 3). The integron region of the positive isolates was sequenced, and the drug-resistance gene cassettes were identified. All the clinical and environmental isolates were multidrug resistant. Three clinical isolates of A. baumannii showed positive amplification to Intl1 at 2kb, while none of the environmental isolates carried integrons, though they were multidrug resistant. The sequencing of the integron region of clinical isolates revealed the presence of three antibiotic resistance genes within the integron that encode resistance to chloramphenicol, rifampin, and aminoglycoside. This study prominently highlights the presence of class 1 integrons carrying different antimicrobial resistance determinants among A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples.
Effect of New Bio-component of Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (Cypovirus1) with Silver Nanoparticles against Four Pests in Stored Food Products
Authors: AL-Jaddawi Abdullah Abdulhafith , Alkenani Naser Ahmed Hamad , Alghamdi Khalid Mohammed , Elbeshehy Esam Kamal Fahmy
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to develop an approach for reducing severe damage to grains caused by various insect pests using the biological control agent Cypovirus1 and silver nanoparticles, both alone and in combination. Four types of beetles that infest stored products, including drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum), saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variabile), and Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculates), were collected from seven different areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, specifically Mecca regions. We determined the morphological characteristics of the pests in various grains. Corn borer pupae and larvae of corn plants infected with Cypovirus1 were collected from the stems of live and dead maize plants in fields in Mecca regions to isolate Cypovirus1. Infected samples were examined using triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELIZA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed virus-containing occlusion bodies inside infected cells of corn borer larvae with irregular shapes and dimensions of 2.2–4.9 µm. The effects of different concentrations of the virus activated by synthetic spherical silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 36.32 nm on the larva of grain pests taken were evaluated, and all treatments led to an increased mortality percentage after 72 h compared to at 48 h. The treatment mixture consisting of 10/100 viral and 400 µg/kg AgNPs led to the highest average death rates of the four insect larvae at 72 h after treatment. Protein bands that were present in the virus-infected larvae of the four pests were absent from healthy larvae, indicating viral infection.
Robotic Arm Vehicle for Planting
Authors: Sekhar C. Chandra
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The advancement in Robotics technology has opened up new possibilities in many fields such as manufacturing, medical, industrial and defence. As agriculture labour becomes increasingly costly and scarce, we can displace workers with robotics technology, reducing the financial burden of small farmers. This paper aims to develop an android-controlled 6 DOF robotic arm and drill mechanism attached to a vehicle for planting a sapling. Through a drill mechanism, holes are made on one side and planting is done by a robotic arm on the other side. This prototype will be controlled using an Android application connected to the Arduino board via Bluetooth. Robotic arms are capable of performing a task repetitively.
AI-Based Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Shinde Prof. Ms. S. P.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This report discusses the research done on the chosen topic, which is Developing an AI-based Network Intrusion Detection System using ML and DL algorithms. Recently we have seen so much progress in Internet and communication technologies it is not just connecting computer networks and people but it is also connecting devices involving Big Data. It has so many benefits in each field which are crucial in today's world like education, health, digital transactions, traveling, and anything we can think of. With so many benefits it comes with its negative effects like cyber-attacks which can happen to anybody who is connected to the Internet. So, Networks and Security become very desirable areas of research and work. To be saved from the attacks we have to detect the cyber-attack and stop the intruder from causing harm to our system. We use IDS (Intrusion Detection System), so we can identify incoming attacks. A Network Intrusion detection system provides security by constantly monitoring the network traffic for suspicious behavior. For building an Intrusion Detection System we need a good dataset with a huge amount of data which is of good quality and can be used for training the System so it can predict the output more accurately. In this paper we used NSL- KDD [6] data set a refined version of the KDD’99 dataset. We developed many models using machine learning and deep learning and compared them for detecting intrusion in networks. We used supervised machine learning and deep learning techniques to train and build many classification models that can differentiate between attacking traffic and normal traffic. We compared the accuracy of every model of different datasets so we can find the model that is performing best for network intrusion detection. After performing all the research and comparison we found that a fully connected Deep Learning model is giving better performance than a machine learning model. We used Autoencoder for feature selection for the best-performing Deep Learning Classification Model.
Vertex Sum Cube Labeling for Split and Mirror Graphs
Authors: Shalini P.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the new concept vertex sum cube labeling has been introduced and a formula for vertex sum cube labeling has been established.
Proper Colorings in R-Regular Randic Index Graphs
Authors: Litta Dr. E.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The new idea of proper colourings in the r-regular Randic index graph has been proposed in this paper. New Chromatic number inequalities connected to the Randic index are established in this paper.