bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexibler Betrieb von Luftzerlegungsanlagen
Authors: Klein Harald , Fritsch Philipp , Haider Patrick , Kender Robert , Rößler Felix , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Freko Pascal , Hoffmann Rainer , Thomas Ingo , Wunderlich Bernd
Published: October 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund der Energiewende wird die aktuelle Forschung zum energieoptimalen, lastflexiblen Betrieb von Luftzerlegungsanlagen beschrieben. Zum einen wird ein realitätsgetreuer, druckgetriebener Ansatz zur dynamischen Simulation vorgestellt. Auf dessen Basis wird ein detailliertes, transientes Simulationsmodell einer realen Luftzerlegungsanlage, ein digitaler Zwilling, erstellt. Exemplarisch werden Simulationen extremer Betriebsszenarien, wie das Anfahren oder Abschalten des Hauptwärmeübertragers, der Trennkolonnen und der gesamten Luftzerlegungsanlage, beschrieben. Zum anderen wird die Lebensdauer des Hauptwärmeübertragers aufgrund der hohen thermischen Wechselbelastung mithilfe eines Prüfstands untersucht. Die aufgenommenen Daten dienen zur Ableitung und Validierung dreidimensionaler Simulationsmodelle.
Distribution of the cholinergic nuclei in the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus: Implications for sensory processing
Authors: Toscano‐Márquez Brenda , Oboti Livio , Harvey‐Girard Erik , Maler Leonard , Krahe Rüdiger
Published: October 2020

Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator of many central nervous system processes such as learning and memory, attention, motor control, and sensory processing. The present study describes the spatial distribution of cholinergic neurons throughout the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, using in situ hybridization of choline acetyltransferase mRNA. Distinct groups of cholinergic cells were observed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and hindbrain. These included cholinergic cell groups typically identified in other vertebrate brains, for example, motor neurons. Using both in vitro and ex vivo neuronal tracing methods, we identified two new cholinergic connections leading to novel hypotheses on their functional significance. Projections to the nucleus praeeminentialis (nP) arise from isthmic nuclei, possibly including the nucleus lateralis valvulae (nLV) and the isthmic nucleus (nI). The nP is a central component of all electrosensory feedback pathways to the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). We have previously shown that some neurons in nP, TS, and tectum express muscarinic receptors. We hypothesize that, based on nLV/nI cell responses in other teleosts and isthmic connectivity in A. leptorhynchus, the isthmic connections to nP, TS, and tectum modulate responses to electrosensory and/or visual motion and, in particular, to looming/receding stimuli. In addition, we found that the octavolateral efferent (OE) nucleus is the likely source of cholinergic fibers innervating the ELL. In other teleosts, OE inhibits octavolateral hair cells during locomotion. In gymnotiform fish, OE may also act on the first central processing stage and, we hypothesize, implement corollary discharge modulation of electrosensory processing during locomotion.
Gating Harmonization Guidelines for Intracellular Cytokine Staining Validated in Second International Multiconsortia Proficiency Panel Conducted by Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium (CIC/CRI)
Authors: Price Leah S. , Adamow Matthew , Attig Sebastian , Fecci Peter , Norberg Pamela , Reap Elizabeth , Janetzki Sylvia , McNeil Lisa K.
Published: October 2020

Results from the first gating proficiency panel of intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) highlighted the value of using a consensus gating approach to reduce the variability across laboratories in reported %CD8+ or %CD4+ cytokine‐positive cells. Based on the data analysis from the first proficiency panel, harmonization guidelines for a consensus gating protocol were proposed. To validate the recommendations from the first panel and to examine factors that were not included in the first panel, a second ICS gating proficiency panel was organized. All participants analyzed the same set of Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) files using their own gating protocol. An optional learning module was provided to demonstrate how to apply the previously established gating recommendations and harmonization guidelines to actual ICS data files. Eighty‐three participants took part in this proficiency panel. The results from this proficiency panel confirmed the harmonization guidelines from the first panel. These recommendations addressed the (1) placement of the cytokine‐positive gate, (2) identification of CD4+ CD8+ double‐positive T cells, (3) placement of lymphocyte gate, (4) inclusion of dim cells, (5) gate uniformity, and (6) proper adjustment of the biexponential scaling. In addition, based on the results of this proficiency gating panel, two new recommendations were added to expand the harmonization guidelines: (1) inclusion of dump channel marker to gate all live and dump negative cells and (2) backgating to confirm the correct placement of gates across all populations. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Delay‐aware privacy‐preserving location‐based services under spatiotemporal constraints
Authors: Shahid Abdur R. , Pissinou Niki , Iyengar S.S. , Makki Kia
Published: October 2020

The ubiquitous use of location‐based services (LBS) through smart devices produces massive amounts of location data. An attacker, with an access to such data, can reveal sensitive information about users. In this paper, we study location inference attacks based on the probability distribution of historical location data, travel time information between locations using knowledge of a map, and short and long‐term observation of privacy‐preserving queries. We show that existing privacy‐preserving approaches are vulnerable to such attacks. In this context, we propose a novel location privacy‐preserving approach, called KLAP, based on the three fundamental obfuscation requirements: minimum k‐locations, l‐diversity, and privacy area preservation. KLAP adopts a personalized privacy preference for sporadic, frequent, and continuous LBS use cases. Specifically, it generates a secure concealing region (CR) to obfuscate the user's location and directs that CR to the service provider. The main contribution of this work is twofold. First, a CR pruning technique is devised to establish a balance between privacy and delay in LBS usage. Second, a new attack model called a long‐term obfuscated location tracking attack, and its countermeasure is proposed and evaluated both theoretically and empirically. We assess KLAP with two real‐world datasets. Experimental results show that it can achieve better privacy, reduced delay, and lower communication costs than existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Viral infection can reduce the net nitrogen inputs of legume break crops and cover crops
Authors: Marchetto Katherine M. , Power Alison G.
Published: October 2020

Legumes are used in crop rotations by both large‐scale and smallholder farmers alike to increase soil fertility, especially before high‐nitrogen‐demanding crops such as corn (maize). Legume crop residues and green manures are rich in nitrogen due to mutualistic rhizobia, bacteria that live in their roots and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a biologically available form. Growers can obtain recommendations from local extension offices about how much less inorganic nitrogen fertilizer needs to be added to a subsequent crop following different legume break crops for the predominant soil type (the nitrogen fertilizer replacement value, or NFRV). Due to the intimate relationship between legumes and rhizobia, conditions that affect plant health can also affect the rhizobia and how much nitrogen they provide. We use a combination of empirical data and previously published values to estimate reductions in nitrogen inputs under outbreaks of plant viruses of varying severity. We also use historical fertilizer prices to examine the economic impacts of this lost fertilizer for farmers. We find that fertilizer losses are greatest for crops that fix large amounts of nitrogen, such as clover and alfalfa as opposed to common bean. The economic impact on farmers is controlled by the proportion of plants with viral infections and the price of synthetic fertilizer. In a year of high disease prevalence, attention is normally focused on the yield of the diseased crops. We suggest that farmers growing legumes as break crops should be concerned about yields of subsequent crops as well. Viral diseases can be difficult to diagnose in the field, so the easiest way for farmers to prevent unexpected yield losses in subsequent crops is to test their soil when it is feasible to do so.
People who overvalue appearance selectively attend to descriptors of the attractiveness ideal: Findings from an emotional Stroop task
Authors: Tabri Nassim , Palmer Lucas
Published: October 2020

Objective

Attentional biases to stimuli related to stigmatized appearance are theorized to stem from appearance overvaluation, but little research has examined this link. As well, little research has examined whether appearance overvaluation is associated with biases toward stimuli that describe the attractiveness ideal. We addressed these gaps in the literature using the emotional Stroop task and tested whether appearance overvaluation is associated with an attentional bias for words that describe stigmatized appearance (e.g., fat, ugly, shabby), the attractiveness ideal (e.g., thin, beautiful, fashionable), or both.

Method and Results

In Study 1, a community sample of people (N = 86) completed measures of appearance overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and body mass index (BMI) followed by an emotional Stroop task. Appearance overvaluation was associated with an attentional bias for attractiveness ideal words—not stigmatized appearance words. Results remained significant when controlling for participants' body dissatisfaction, BMI, and gender. Study 2 (N = 316) replicated these findings. Finally, an integrative data analysis that pooled the data of Studies 1 and 2 (N = 402) provided additional support for our general hypothesis that people who overvalue appearance display an attentional bias to stimuli related to the attractiveness ideal.

Discussion

The results show a robust association between appearance overvaluation and selective attention for attractiveness ideal stimuli. Results are discussed in reference to theory and research on information processing in eating disorders. We also call for research to examine information processing of stimuli related to the attractiveness ideal among people with eating disorders and who place high importance on appearance for self‐definition.
Physics‐based probabilistic seismic hazard and loss assessment in large urban areas: A simplified application to Istanbul
Authors: Stupazzini Marco , Infantino Maria , Allmann Alexander , Paolucci Roberto
Published: October 2020

A set of 3D physics‐based numerical simulations (PBS) of possible earthquakes scenarios in Istanbul along the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) is considered in this article to provide a comprehensive example of application of PBS to probabilistic seismic hazard (PSHA) and loss assessment in a large urban area. To cope with the high‐frequency (HF) limitations of PBS, numerical results are first postprocessed by a recently introduced technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), providing broadband waveforms with a proper correlation of HF and low‐frequency (LF) portions of ground motion as well as a proper spatial correlation of peak values also at HF, that is a key feature for the seismic risk application at urban scale. Second, before application to PSHA, a statistical analysis of residuals is carried out to ensure that simulated results provide a set of realizations with a realistic within‐ and between‐event variability of ground motion. PBS results are then applied in a PSHA framework, adopting both the “generalized attenuation function” (GAF) approach, and a novel “footprint” (FP)‐based approach aiming at a convenient and direct application of PBS into PSHA. PSHA results from both approaches are then compared with those obtained from a more standard application of PSHA with empirical ground motion models. Finally, the probabilistic loss assessment of an extended simplified portfolio of buildings is investigated, comparing the results obtained adopting the different approaches: (i) GMPE, (ii) GAF, and (iii) FP. Only FP turned out to have the capability to account for the specific features of source and propagation path, while preserving the proper physically based spatial correlation characteristics, as required for a reliable loss estimate on a building portfolio spatially distributed over a large urban area.
Dynamic deformation and fracture characteristics of a deep roadway surrounding rock based on the machine vision monitoring method
Authors: Zhou Rui , Xu Jiankun , Wang Chao , Li Xuelong
Published: October 2020

The deformation and fracture of surrounding rock in deep underground engineering have the characteristics of time mutation and space continuity. In order to monitor and provide early warning of the dynamic deformation and fracture characteristics of deep surrounding rock, a real‐time digital displacement measuring instrument was developed in this paper. The proposed device represented a kind of surrounding rock deformation and fracture monitoring method, which had the continuous and real‐time advantages. Based upon the simulation experiments, the dynamic deformation and fracture of deep roadway surrounding rock were measured synchronously using the digital displacement measuring instrument testing system (DDMITS) and the V‐STARS measurement system. Comparative measurement results indicated that the DDMITS had a higher reliability. The deformation of roadway surrounding rock gradually increased with the increase of loading. The roof deformation and caving changing patterns in coal seam mining were studied using similar simulation experiments based on the DDMITS. The vertical displacement response of rock strata was more obvious than the horizontal displacement. There was a sharp increase in the vertical displacement during the collapse of the rock strata. Additionally, the vertical displacement velocity showed fluctuations. Meanwhile, the fluctuations in the vertical displacement acceleration increased significantly. The DDMITS could achieve full‐field measurement and the noncontact measurement of three‐dimensional deformation.
(τ, m)‐slicedBucket privacy model for sequential anonymization for improving privacy and utility
Authors: Khan Razaullah , Tao Xiaofeng , Anjum Adeel , Malik Saifur Rehman , Yu Shui , Khan Abid , Rehman Waheedur , Malik Hassan
Published: October 2020

In a real‐world scenario for privacy‐preserving data publishing, the original data are anonymized and released periodically. Each release may vary in number of records due to insert, update, and delete operations. An intruder can combine, that is, correlate different releases to compromise the privacy of the individual records. Most of the literature, such as τ‐safety, τ‐safe (l, k)‐diversity, have an inconsistency in record signatures and adds counterfeit tuples with high generalization that causes privacy breach and information loss. In this paper, we propose an improved privacy model (τ, m)‐slicedBucket, having a novel idea of “Cache” table to address these limitations. We indicate that a collusion attack can be performed for breaching the privacy of τ‐safe (l, k)‐diversity privacy model, and demonstrate it through formal modeling. The objective of the proposed (τ, m)‐slicedBucket privacy model is to set a tradeoff between strong privacy and enhanced utility. Furthermore, we formally model and analyze the proposed model to show that the collusion attack is no longer applicable. Extensive experiments reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the existing models.
Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups
Authors: Pitts William M. , Werrel Martin , Fernandez Marco , Long Mary A. , Eisenberg Evan A. , Filliben James , Runyon Cory D.
Published: October 2020

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.
Techniques for essential oil extraction from kaffir lime and its application in health care products—A review
Authors: Suresh Anuja , Velusamy Sangeetha , Ayyasamy Sudha , Rathinasamy Menaha
Published: October 2020

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is a tropical plant with aromatic leaves. It produces fruits that are used in Asian cuisines as a flavoring agent. Essential oil from the leaves and peel of kaffir lime is a complex mixture of volatile and semi‐volatile compounds. It is rich in bioactive molecules that act synergistically to improve the well‐being of an individual. The method of extraction is important as it affects the quality and quantity of essential oil significantly. Kaffir lime oil is used as raw material in many fields, some of which include pharmaceutical, agronomic, food, sanitary, cosmetic, and perfume industries. It is also used extensively in aromatherapy and as an essential ingredient of various cosmetic and beauty products. Hydrodistillation, steam distillation, pressurized liquid extraction, and soxhlet extraction are some of the commonly used methods for extracting essential oil from kaffir lime as they are cost‐effective, environment friendly, and easy to implement on commercial scale. This review discusses about the condition's of extraction, merits, and demerits of various extraction methods used for kaffir lime oil and their application in healthcare products to induce positive effect in humans.
Repeatability and reproducibility of human brain morphometry using three‐dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Buonincontri Guido , Cencini Matteo , Fukunaga Issei , Takei Naoyuki , Schulte Rolf F. , Hagiwara Akifumi , Uchida Wataru , Hori Masaaki , Kamagata Koji , Abe Osamu , Aoki Shigeki
Published: October 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) permits whole‐brain volumetric quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation values, potentially replacing conventional T1‐weighted structural imaging for common brain imaging analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of 3D MRF in evaluating brain cortical thickness and subcortical volumetric analysis in healthy volunteers using conventional 3D T1‐weighted images as a reference standard. Scan‐rescan tests of both 3D MRF and conventional 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (FSPGR) were performed. For each sequence, the regional cortical thickness and volume of the subcortical structures were measured using standard automatic brain segmentation software. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed using the within‐subject coefficient of variation (wCV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and mean percent difference and ICC, respectively. The wCV and ICC of cortical thickness were similar across all regions with both 3D MRF and FSPGR. The percent relative difference in cortical thickness between 3D MRF and FSPGR across all regions was 8.0 ± 3.2%. The wCV and ICC of the volume of subcortical structures across all structures were similar between 3D MRF and FSPGR. The percent relative difference in the volume of subcortical structures between 3D MRF and FSPGR across all structures was 7.1 ± 3.6%. 3D MRF measurements of human brain cortical thickness and subcortical volumes are highly repeatable, and consistent with measurements taken on conventional 3D T1‐weighted images. A slight, consistent bias was evident between the two, and thus careful attention is required when combining data from MRF and conventional acquisitions.
Safety of fibula free flap in patients following total knee replacement
Authors: Harris Brianna N. , Ghazizadeh Shabnam , Bayon Rodrigo , Kejner Alexandra E. , Cannady Steven B. , Greene Benjamin J. , Huang Andrew T. , Curry Joseph , Blackwell Keith E. , Ducic Yadranko , Wax Mark K.
Published: October 2020

Background

Fibula free flap (FFF) is the preferred osteocutaneous flap for reconstruction of large head and neck composite defects. There is a paucity of data whether FFF can be performed safely in patients with knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty [TKA]).

Methods

Multi‐institutional review of outcomes following FFF in patients who had prior TKA.

Results

Ten surgeons reported successful FFF in 53 patients with prior TKA. The most common preoperative imaging was a CT angiogram of the bilateral lower extremities. There was no evidence of intraoperative vascular abnormality. Physical therapy began between postoperative day 1 to postoperative day 3. At 1 month postoperatively, 40% of patients were using a cane or walker to ambulate, but by 3 months all had returned to baseline ambulatory status. At >1 year, there were no gait complications.

Conclusion

FFF appears safe in patients with prior knee replacement without an increased risk of complications compared to baseline.
Cover Image
Authors: Parra Maribel , Baptista Maria Joao , Genescà Eulàlia , Llinàs‐Arias Pere , Esteller Manel
Published: October 2020

The cover image is based on the Invited Review Genetics and Epigenetics of Leukemia and Lymphoma: From Knowledge to Applications, Meeting Report of the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute by Maribel Parra et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.2725.

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Identification of a methylation panel aid in risk stratification in node‐positive penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gu Weijie , Wan Fangning , Chen Jun , Gan Hualei , Wang Beihe , Wei Yu , Zhang Guiming , Zhou Jiaquan , Ding Xuefei , Zhang Peipei , Jin Shengming , Xu Qinghua , Ye Dingwei , Zhu Yao
Published: October 2020

Molecular prognostic factors for individualized treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are poorly defined. Our study developed and validated a novel molecular tools aid in preinguinal and postinguinal lymphadenectomy risk stratification in node‐positive penile SCC. Patients with node‐positive penile SCC who underwent inguinal or ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy were divided into three cohorts: a discovery set, a development set and a validation set. The local ethics committee approved the study. The primary endpoint was cancer‐specific survival (CSS). At the discovery stage, 17 CpG sites were significantly associated with CSS. In the development set, we constructed a 3‐CpG‐based prognostic score for survival prediction. The hazard ratio (HR) of the panel (dichotomized using the optimal cutoff) was 5.8 in the multivariate analyses (P < .001). The addition of the methylation score significantly improved the pN‐stage C‐index from 0.70 to 0.79 (incremental C = 0.09, P < .001). In the validation set, the methylation panel showed a HR of 9.9 in the multivariate analyses. The addition of the molecular marker improved the pN‐stage C‐index from 0.69 to 0.78 (incremental C = 0.09, P < .001). The methylation score remarkably separated survival curves in different pN stages, which indicate that the tool can be applied to tailor the treatment in both preinguinal and postinguinal lymphadenectomy settings. We developed and validated a prognostic methylation panel for node‐positive penile SCC. The tool may aid in the risk stratification of the population with heterogeneous outcomes and needs prospective validation. Patients in high‐risk group may benefit from more aggressive therapy or clinical trials.
Deep chest X‐ray: Detection and classification of lesions based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cho Yongwon , Lee Sang Min , Cho Young‐Hoon , Lee June‐Goo , Park Beomhee , Lee Gaeun , Kim Namkug , Seo Joon Beom
Published: October 2020

We investigated whether a convolutional neural network (CNN) can enhance the usability of computer‐aided detection (CAD) of chest radiographs for various pulmonary abnormal lesions. The numbers of normal and abnormal patients were 6055 and 3463, respectively. Two radiologists delineated regions of interest for lesions and labeled the disease types as ground truths. The datasets were split into training, tuning, and testing as 7:1: 2. Total test sets were randomly selected in 1214 normal and 690 abnormal. A 5‐fold, cross‐validation was performed on our datasets. For the classification of normal and abnormal, we developed a CNN based on DenseNet169; for abnormal detection, The You Only Look Once (YOLO) v2 with DenseNet was used. Detection and classification of normal and five classes of diseases (nodule[s], consolidation, interstitial opacity, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax) on chest radiographs were analyzed. Our CNN model classified chest radiographs as normal or abnormal with an accuracy of 97.8%. For the results of the abnormal, F1 score, was 75.2 ± 2.28% for nodules, 55.0 ± 4.3% for consolidation, 78.2 ± 7.85% for interstitial opacity, 81.6 ± 2.07% for pleural effusion, and 70.0 ± 7.97% for pneumothorax, respectively. In addition, we conducted the experiments between our method and RetinaNet with only nodules. The results of our method and RetinaNet at cutoff‐0.5 in the free response operating characteristic curve were 83.45% and 80.55%, respectively. Our algorithm demonstrated viable detection and disease classification capacity and could be used for CAD of lung diseases on chest radiographs.
On the inclusion chromatic index of a graph
Authors: Przybyło Jakub , Kwaśny Jakub
Published: October 2020

Let be the least number of colours necessary to properly colour the edges of a graph with minimum degree so that the set of colours incident with any vertex is not contained in a set of colours incident to any of its neighbours. We provide an infinite family of examples of graphs with , where is the maximum degree of , and we conjecture that for every connected graph with which is not isomorphic to . The equality here is attained, for example, for the family of complete bipartite graphs. Using a probabilistic argument we support this conjecture by proving that (for ) for any fixed , which implies that for large enough.
Clusters of pain trajectories among patients with sickle cell disease hospitalized for vaso‐occlusive crisis: A data‐driven approach
Authors: Rodday Angie Mae , Esham Kimberly S. , Savidge Nicole , Parsons Susan K.
Published: October 2020

Background

Vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD), with higher severity among hospitalized patients. Clustering hospitalizations with similar pain trajectories could identify vulnerable patient subgroups. Aims were to (a) identify clusters of hospitalizations based on pain trajectories; (b) identify factors associated with these clusters; and (c) determine the association between these clusters and 30‐day readmissions.

Methods

We retrospectively included 350 VOC hospitalizations from 2013 to 2016 among 59 patients. Finite mixture modeling identified clusters of hospitalizations from intercepts and slopes of pain trajectories during the hospitalization. Generalized estimating equations for multinomial and logistic models were used to identify factors associated with clusters of hospitalizations and 30‐day readmissions, respectively, while accounting for multiple hospitalizations per patient.

Results

Three clusters of hospitalizations based on pain trajectories were identified: slow (n = 99), moderate (n = 207), and rapid (n = 44) decrease in pain scores. In multivariable analysis, SCD complications, female gender, and affective disorders were associated with clusters with slow or moderate decrease in pain scores (compared to rapid decrease). Although univariate analysis found that the cluster with moderate decrease in pain scores was associated with lower odds of 30‐day readmissions compared to the cluster with slow decrease, it was nonsignificant in multivariable analysis. SCD complications were associated with higher odds of 30‐day readmissions and older age was associated with lower odds of 30‐day readmissions.

Conclusions

Our results highlight variability in pain trajectories among patients with SCD experiencing VOC and provide a novel approach for identifying subgroups of patients that could benefit from more intensive follow‐up.
Clinical and molecular characterization of adult patients with late‐onset MTHFR deficiency
Authors: Marelli Cecilia , Lavigne Christian , Stepien Karolina M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Feillet Francois , Kožich Viktor , Jesina Pavel , Schule Rebecca , Kessler Christoph , Redonnet‐Vernhet Isabelle , Regnier Adeline , Burda Patricie , Baumgartner Matthias , Benoist Jean‐Francois , Huemer Martina , Mochel Fanny ,   the E‐HOD Consortium
Published: October 2020

5,10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency usually presents as a severe neonatal disease. This study aimed to characterize natural history, biological and molecular data, and response to treatment of patients with late‐onset MTHFR deficiency. The patients were identified through the European Network and Registry for Homocystinuria and Methylation Defects and the Adult group of the French Society for Inherited Metabolic Diseases; data were retrospectively colleted. To identify juvenile to adult‐onset forms of the disease, we included patients with a diagnosis established after the age of 10 years. We included 14 patients (median age at diagnosis: 32 years; range: 11‐54). At onset (median age: 20 years; range 9‐38), they presented with walking difficulties (n = 8), cognitive decline (n = 3) and/or seizures (n = 3), sometimes associated with mild mental retardation (n = 6). During the disease course, symptoms were almost exclusively neurological with cognitive dysfunction (93%), gait disorders (86%), epilepsy (71%), psychiatric symptoms (57%), polyneuropathy (43%), and visual deficit (43%). Mean diagnostic delay was 14 years. Vascular events were observed in 28% and obesity in 36% of the patients. One patient remained asymptomatic at the age of 55 years. Upon treatment, median total homocysteine decreased (from 183 μmol/L, range 69‐266, to 90 μmol/L, range 20‐142) and symptoms improved (n = 9) or stabilized (n = 4). Missense pathogenic variants in the C‐terminal regulatory domain of the protein were over‐represented compared to early‐onset cases. Residual MTHFR enzymatic activity in skin fibroblasts (n = 4) was rather high (17%‐58%). This series of patients with late‐onset MTHFR deficiency underlines the still unmet need of a prompt diagnosis of this treatable disease.
The functional morphology of lingual prey capture in a scincid lizard, Tiliqua scincoides (Reptilia: Squamata)
Authors: Hewes Amanda E. , Schwenk Kurt
Published: October 2020

We investigated the functional morphology of lingual prey capture in the blue‐tongued skink, Tiliqua scincoides, a lingual‐feeding lizard nested deep within the family Scincidae, which is presumed to be dominated by jaw‐feeding. We used kinematic analysis of high‐speed video to characterize jaw and tongue movements during prey capture. Phylogenetically informed principal components analysis of tongue morphology showed that, compared to jaw‐feeding scincids and lacertids, T. scincoides and another tongue‐feeding scincid, Corucia zebrata, are distinct in ways suggesting an enhanced ability for hydrostatic shape change. Lingual feeding kinematics show substantial quantitative and qualitative variation among T. scincoides individuals. High‐speed video analysis showed that T. scincoides uses significant hydrostatic elongation and deformation during protrusion, tongue‐prey contact, and retraction. A key feature of lingual prey capture in T. scincoides is extensive hydrostatic deformation to increase the area of tongue‐prey contact, presumably to maximize wet adhesion of the prey item. Adhesion is mechanically reinforced during tongue retraction through formation of a distinctive “saddle” in the foretongue that supports the prey item, reducing the risk of prey loss during retraction.
Dengue RNA detection and seroprevalence in blood donors during an outbreak in the São Paulo State, Brazil, 2016
Authors: Slavov Svetoslav N. , Santos Elaine V. , Hespanhol Marta R. , Rodrigues Evandra S. , Haddad Rodrigo , Ubiali Eugênia M. A. , Covas Dimas T. , Kashima Simone
Published: October 2020

Most dengue virus (DENV) infections remain asymptomatic. This increases the risk of DENV transfusion transmission (TT‐DENV) during outbreaks. We evaluated DENV viremia in 8475 blood donations assembled in minipools for the presence of DENV RNA. The tested samples were obtained between February and May, 2016, during a large DENV outbreak in Ribeirão Preto city, northeast region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The DENV RNA + samples were serotyped and screened for DENV NS1. We also tested a significant number of plasma samples (n = 372) to estimate the DENV seroprevalence among blood donors in the region. We detected three DENV RNA + samples in the tested blood donations (n = 3/8475, 0.04%). From these, two samples were further serotyped as DENV‐1 and one sample as DENV‐2. All DENV RNA positive samples were negative for anti‐DENV IgG, indicating the presence of primary acute infection. Moreover, two of the DENV RNA + samples were also NS1 antigen positive (antigenemia). The anti‐DENV IgG seroprevalence among blood donor population was 50.8% (n = 189/372). Our results are in accordance with the presence of DENV primary infection in blood donors which can lead to transfusion transmission of the infection to recipients. Measures to exclude such donors should be adopted to prevent TT‐DENV.
Statistical associations of teleconnection indices and space weather with spring weather pattern in the Eastern Baltic region
Authors: Vencloviene Jone , Kaciene Giedre , Kiznys Deivydas , Juknys Romualdas
Published: October 2020

The studies of associations between solar inputs and climate are mostly designed for winter or cold period; whereas the knowledge about these associations during spring on a day‐to‐day time scale are very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the response of spring air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and atmospheric pressure (ATP) to variation in teleconnection indices and space weather variables on the day‐to‐day timescale during the period of 1998–2017 in six cities of Eastern part of the Baltic region. We created a multivariate linear regression model for weather variables including month, the linear and seasonal trend, different teleconnection patterns, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Quasi‐biennial Oscillation phase, the presence of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) and space weather variables. The multivariate models for the mean daily weather variables showed a positive association between T and the daily Arctic oscillation, monthly Scandinavian pattern (SCA) indices, solar proton events (SPEs) with a lag of 1–9 days, and solar wind dynamic pressure (P) with a lag of 1–2 days and negative association between T and East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR) index. The mean RH positively correlated with a long‐term and short‐term variation in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar wind speed (SWS) with a lag of 0–6 days and negatively correlated with EAWR and NINO3.4 indices. The mean ATP was negatively associated with both long‐term and short‐term changes in GCR and positively associated with the North Atlantic oscillation, EA/WR and SCA indices, By component of interplanetary magnetic field with a lag of 2 days, P, days of Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) and SWS with a lag of 4–6 days. These results show the significant short‐term effects of SSW, SPEs, SIRs and solar wind variables on spring weather pattern in the Eastern part of the Baltic region.
How do Mainland Chinese tourists perceive Hong Kong in turbulence? A deep learning approach to sentiment analytics
Authors: Hao Jin‐Xing , Wang Rui , Law Rob , Yu Yan
Published: October 2020

Deep learning has garnered increasing attention in many research fields. However, prior research seldom focused on tourists' perception prediction and prescription towards tourism destinations in turbulence. This study attempts to fill the gap by investigating Mainland Chinese tourists' perception of a turbulent Hong Kong society through deep learning‐based sentiment analytics. This incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for sentiment prediction and feature frequency analysis for sentiment prescription for 52,950 Chinese travel microblogs about Hong Kong. Results show that the CNN‐based deep learning approach can obtain improved sentiment predictive performance with minimal domain knowledge and human effort. The trend of Mainland Chinese tourists' (MCTs') sentiments about Hong Kong and the unique sentiment features revealed by our approach can provide practitioners with new insights into design customised tourism marketing and development strategies. The MCTs' shared mentalities emerged from sentiment features may help to enhance our theoretical knowledge about tourists' perception in turbulent tourism markets.
Evaluation of predictive value of olfactory dysfunction, as a screening tool for COVID‐19
Authors: Romero‐Gameros Carlos Alfonso , Waizel‐Haiat Salomón , Mendoza‐Zubieta Victoria , Anaya‐Dyck Alfredo , López‐Moreno Mayra Alejandra , Colin‐Martinez Tania , Martínez‐Ordaz José Luis , Ferat‐Osorio Eduardo , Vivar‐Acevedo Eulalio , Vargas‐Ortega Guadalupe , Wacher Rodarte Niels H. , González‐Virla Baldomero
Published: October 2020

Objectives

At the end of 2019, SARS‐CoV‐2 was identified, the one responsible for the COVID‐19 disease. Between a 5.1% and a 98% of COVID‐19 patients present some form of alteration in their sense of smell. The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of the smell dysfunction as screening tool for COVID‐19.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, observational, and pro‐elective study was performed in a tertiary care hospital from May 25th to June 30th, 2020. One hundred and thirty‐nine patients were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were collected from anamnesis. A Self‐Perception Questionnaire and psychophysical olfactory test (POT) were applied to all participants. The presence of SARS‐CoV2, was detected by RT‐PCR methods.

Results

51.7% of patients were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. A sensitivity of 50% was obtained for the self‐perception questionnaire as a screening tool for SARS‐CoV2, with a specificity of 80.59%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was of 73.46%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was of 60%. The POT as a screening tool had a PPV of 82.35%, a NPV of 52.45%, a LR+ of 4.34, a LR‐ 0.84. The combination of anosmia (according to the POT) plus cough and asthenia got an OR of 8.25 for the SARS CoV‐2 infection.

Conclusion

There is a strong association between olfactory dysfunction and COVID‐19. However, it is not really efficient in the screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and thus, they should not be considered as a single diagnostic instrument.

Level of Evidence

4.
Inkjet Printing of Liquid Silicon
Authors: Masuda Takashi , Nakayama Maui , Saito Kimihiko , Katayama Hirotaka , Terakawa Akira
Published: October 2020

A precursor solution for semiconducting Si called liquid Si (liq‐Si) is synthesized, and semiconducting Si is inkjet‐printed. Satisfactory inkjet discharge is achieved using liq‐Si consisting of liquid‐phase polysilane with an average molecular weight of 2500 g mol−1. The printed liq‐Si is converted into amorphous Si by heating at 400 °C. The resulting Si film has a flat surface with a root‐mean‐square roughness of 0.8 nm. These results are extended to n‐ and p‐type Si films by synthesizing liq‐Si chemically doped with P and B compounds, respectively. Liq‐Si inkjet printing produces Si patterns without using traditional photolithography processes, opening up the field of printed Si electronics.
High‐Performance Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a New Narrow Bandgap Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor with a Higher LUMO Level
Authors: Su Dan , Li Kun , Liu Wanru , Zhang Weichao , Li Xiaofang , Wu Yishi , Shen Fugang , Huo Shuying , Fu Hongbing , Zhan Chuanlang
Published: October 2020

Obtaining a large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and high short‐circuit current density (JSC) simultaneously is important in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics. The ternary strategy with using a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) guest can achieve increased VOC, yet JSC is decreased or maintained, so it's still a challenge to offer increased VOC and JSC values concurrently via the newly presented VOC‐increased ternary strategy. To overcome this issue, a new narrow bandgap NFA TT‐S‐4F is reported by introducing 3,6‐dimethoxylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (TT) as π‐spacers to connect electron‐rich core with terminal groups, so as to upshift the LUMO level and extend π‐system. When adding 10% TT‐S‐4F into binary system based on PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F, the higher‐LUMO‐level of TT‐S‐4F, the increased charge mobilities, the reduced trap‐assisted combination loss, and a finer nanofiber structure and increased phase separation size are obtained, which simultaneously promotes JSC, VOC, and fill factor (FF), thus obtaining an optimal PCE (12.5% vs 11.5%). This work illustrates that an extending conjugated backbone with large π‐spacers and inclusion of alkylthiophenyl side‐chains is a concept to synthesize NFA guests for use on the VOC‐increased ternary strategy that enables to realize simultaneously increased JSC, VOC, and FF.
Mechanochromic LLDPE Films Doped with NIR Reflective Paliogen Black
Authors: Micheletti Cosimo , Minei Pierpaolo , Carlotti Marco , Mattoli Virgilio , Muniz‐Miranda Francesco , Perfetto Anna , Ciofini Ilaria , Adamo Carlo , Ruggeri Giacomo , Pucci Andrea
Published: October 2020

The perylene bisimide derivative Paliogen Black (P‐black) is proposed as a new chromogenic probe that shows visible (vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) responses after mechanical solicitations of host linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) films. P‐black is reported to display strong absorption in the vis spectrum and unusual reflective and cooling features in the NIR region. Uniaxial deformation of the 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% P‐black/LLDPE films yields a dichroic absorption under polarized light with color variations attributed by the computational analysis to the distinct anisotropic behavior of the transition dipole moments of P‐black chromophores. When LLDPE films are deformed, P‐black aggregates reduce their size from ≈30–40 µm to ≈5–10 µm that, in turn, causes reflectivity losses of about 30–40% at the maximum elongation. This gives rise to warming of 5–6 °C of the locally oriented film placed in contact with a black substrate under the illumination with an IR lamp for 5 s. These features combined with the high sensitivity of the vis‐NIR response toward mechanical solicitations render P‐black as a new solution to detect uniaxial deformations of plastic films through both optical and thermal outputs.
Transparent Conductive Supramolecular Hydrogels with Stimuli‐Responsive Properties for On‐Demand Dissolvable Diabetic Foot Wound Dressings
Authors: Zhao Yue , Li Zuhao , Li Qiuju , Yang Longfei , Liu Hou , Yan Ruyue , Xiao Lizhi , Liu He , Wang Jingcheng , Yang Bai , Lin Quan
Published: October 2020

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) remain a very considerable health care burden, and their treatment is difficult. Hydrogel‐based wound dressings are appealing to provide an optimal environment for wound repair. However, the currently available hydrogel dressings still need surgical or mechanical debridement from the wound, causing reinjury of the newly formed tissues, wound infection, delayed healing time, and personal suffering. Additionally, to meet people's increasing demand, hydrogel wound dressings with improved performance and multifunctionality are urgently required. Here, a new multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel for on‐demand dissolvable diabetic foot wound dressings is designed and constructed. Based on multihydrogen bonds between hydrophilic polymers, the resultant supramolecular hydrogels present controlled and excellent properties, such as good transparency, antibacterial ability, conductive, and self‐healing properties. Thus, the supramolecular hydrogels improve the new tissue formation and provide a significant therapeutic effect on DFU by inducing angiogenesis, enhancing collagen deposition, preventing bacterial infection, and controlling wound infection. Remarkably, the resultant hydrogels also exhibit stimuli‐responsive ability, which renders its capability to be dissolved on‐demand, allowing for a facile DFU dressing removal. This multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel may provide a novel concept in the design of on‐demand dissolvable wound dressings.