bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pottery production from the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (South-Western Iran): a chemical, mineralogical and physical study
Authors: Oudbashi Omid , Naseri Reza , Cultrone Giuseppe , Egartner Isabel , Arizzi Anna
Published: July 2021

A collection of pottery vessels uncovered during the first season of excavations in the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (the second half of the third millennium BC) located in south-western Iran were studied by using chemical, mineralogical and physical techniques, with the aim to identify the pottery manufacturing process in this region. The site is located in a region of the Zagros fold and thrust belt that includes carbonate rocks and alluvial deposits. The pottery vessels found in the site present two different fabric types in their fresh surface: bright yellowish hue fabric (TYPE-1) and sandwich-like or black core fabric (TYPE-2) showing presumably different production techniques or workshops. Twenty-four samples from pottery sherds were selected and analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Hydric tests were also performed. Samples were different according to their chemistry having distinguished calcium-rich and calcium-poor ceramics. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 were detected as the other main components of samples besides SiO2 and CaO. The mineralogical and textural characterisation revealed a fine-grained clayey matrix with quartz and feldspar grains in TYPE-1 potteries and large and small calcitic and clayey lumps inclusions in TYPE-2 potteries. Imprints of straw or other plants can be responsible for the higher porosity of some of the potteries. It was found that most of the potteries from the Deh Dumen graveyard were produced by means of a local and traditional pottery manufacturing technique, whilst others may have been produced in different places and transported to the graveyard as ritual offerings.
Primary success of electrical cardioversion for new-onset atrial fibrillation and its association with clinical course in non-cardiac critically ill patients: sub-analysis of a multicenter observational study
Authors: Shima Nozomu , Miyamoto Kyohei , Kato Seiya , Yoshida Takuo , Uchino Shigehiko ,   on behalf of the AFTER-ICU study group, Yoshida Tomonao , Nashiki Hiroshi , Suzuki Hajime , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kishihara Yuki , Nagasaki Shinya , Okazaki Tomoya , Katayama Shinshu , Sakuraya Masaaki , Ogura Takayuki , Inoue Satoki , Uchida Masatoshi , Osaki Yuka , Kuriyama Akira , Irie Hiromasa , Kyo Michihito , Saito Junichi , Nakayama Izumi , Masuda Takahiro , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Okumura Masatoshi , Inoue Haruka , Aoki Yoshitaka , Kondo Takashiro , Nagata Isao , Igarashi Takashi , Saito Nobuyuki , Nakasone Masato
Published: July 2021

Background

Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is widely used to restore sinus rhythm in critically ill adult patients with atrial fibrillation, although its prognostic value is uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the clinical meaning of successful ECV.

Methods

This is a sub-analysis of the AFTER-ICU study, a multicenter prospective study with a cohort of 423 adult non-cardiac patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients that underwent ECV within 7 days after initial onset of AF were included in the sub-analysis. We compared intensive care unit (ICU) and overall hospital mortality, survival time within 30 days, cardiac rhythm at ICU discharge, and the length of ICU and overall hospital stay between patients whose sinus rhythm was restored immediately after the first ECV session (primary success group) and those in whom it was not restored (unsuccessful group). To find the factors related to the primary success of ECV, we also compared patient characteristics, the delivered energy, and pretreatment.

Results

Sixty-five patients received ECV and were included in this study. Although 35 patients (54%) had primary success, recurrence of AF occurred in 24 of these patients (69%). At ICU discharge, three patients still had AF in the unsuccessful group, but no patients in the primary success group still had AF. ICU mortality was 34% in the primary success group and 17% in the unsuccessful group (P = 0.10). Survival time within 30 days did not differ between the groups. Delivered energy and pretreatment were not associated with primary success of ECV.

Conclusions

The primary success rate of ECV for new-onset AF in adult non-cardiac ICU population was low, and even if it succeeded, the subsequent recurrence rate was high. Primary success of ECV did not affect the rate of mortality. Pretreatment and delivered energy were not associated with the primary success of ECV.

Trial registration

UMIN clinical trial registry, the Japanese clinical trial registry (registration number: UMIN000026401, March 31, 2017).
Total mass estimate of the January 23, 2018, phreatic eruption of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan
Authors: Kametani Nobuko , Ishizaki Yasuo , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Maeno Fukashi , Terada Akihiko , Furukawa Ryuta , Honda Ryo , Ishizuka Yoshihiro , Komori Jiro , Nagai Masashi , Takarada Shinji
Published: July 2021

On January 23, 2018, a small phreatic eruption (VEI = 1) occurred at the Motoshirane Pyroclastic Cone Group in the southern part of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano in central Japan. The eruption ejected ash, lapillus, and volcanic blocks from three newly opened craters: the main crater (MC), west crater (WC), and south crater (SC). Volcanic blocks were deposited up to 0.5 km from each crater. In contrast, the ash released during this eruption fell up to 25 km ENE of the volcano. The total mass of the fall deposit generated by the eruption was estimated using two methods, yielding total masses of 3.4 × 104 t (segment integration method) and 2.4 × 104 t (Weibull fitting method). The calculations indicate that approximately 70% of the fall deposit was located within 0.5 km of the craters, which was mainly attributed to the low height of the eruption plume.
A rare case of combined thymoma and a multilocular thymic cyst discovered due to chest pain
Authors: Yasuda Kengo , Kidokoro Yoshiteru , Makishima Karen , Matsui Shinji , Nakanishi Atsuyuki , Nozaka Yuji , Oshima Yuki , Kubouchi Yasuaki , Takagi Yuzo , Haruki Tomohiro , Nakamura Hiroshige
Published: July 2021

Background

A thymoma with chest pain and multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) is very rare.

Case presentation

A 49-year-old man presented to another hospital complaining of an anterior chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed an anterior mediastinal tumor 60 × 30 × 55 mm in size. The boundary with the pericardium or left brachiocephalic vein seemed to be partially unclear while enhanced by the contrast medium, and so the tumor could have invaded them. No definitive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made although the serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody count was high. We performed an extended thymectomy with combined partial resection of left brachiocephalic vein, left upper lobe, and left phrenic nerve. He was discharged with no chest pain and no complications post-surgery. The tumor was pathologically type B2 thymoma with hemorrhage necrosis and MTCs, and we diagnosed Masaoka stage II because of no histological infiltration to the organs.

Conclusions

We speculated that hemorrhagic necrosis due to infarction in tumor caused the inflammation to spread to the surrounding organs, which was related to the chest pain and the development of MTCs.
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in Latin American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and comparative study
Authors: Chiganer Edson Hernán , Ochi Bruno Camargo , Lessa Carmen Flora
Published: July 2021

Background

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus (SLE). Vaccination would be an effective method to reduce infection rate. Coverage for influenza and pneumococcus appears to be low in Latin America. The objective of this study was to evaluate vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumococcus in Latin America, causes of non-vaccination and to compare it with European patients.

Methods

A survey was conducted through social networks targeting Latin American lupus patients. A self-report was used to assess the demographics, risk factors for pneumonia, vaccination status, and causes of non-vaccination. The same method was used for European patients. We used binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with pneumococcal and influenza vaccination.

Results

There were 1130 participants from Latin America. Among them, 97% were women with an average of 37.9 years (SD: 11.3) and 46.5% had more than 7 years of disease duration. Two or more risk factors for pneumonia were found in 64.9%. Coverage for influenza and pneumococcal was 42.7 and 25% respectively, being lower than in Europe. Tetanus coverage was the most important predictor for receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Lack of prescription was the most common cause of non-application (64.6%).

Conclusions

Vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumonia is low in Latin America, especially compared to Europe. It is necessary to make specialists aware of their role in vaccine control and to implement measures to improve coordination between them and general practitioners.
In silico investigations on curcuminoids from Curcuma longa as positive regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in wound healing
Authors: Reshad Riyan Al Islam , Alam Sayka , Raihan Humaira Binte , Meem Kamrun Nahar , Rahman Fatima , Zahid Fardin , Rafid Md. Ikram , Rahman S. M. Obaydur , Omit Sadman , Ali Md. Hazrat
Published: July 2021

Background

Curcuma longa(Turmeric) is a traditionally used herb in wound healing. The efficacy of fresh turmeric paste to heal wounds has already been investigated in multiple ethnobotanical studies. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in wound healing and injury repair processes which has been evident in different in vitro studies. This study aims to analyze the potentiality of curcuminoids (curcumin I, curcumin II and curcumin III) fromCurcuma longato bind and enhance the activity of two intracellular signaling proteins- casein kinase-1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3B) involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study is largely based on a computer-based molecular docking program which mimics the in vivo condition and works on a specific algorithm to interpret the binding affinity and poses of a ligand molecule to a receptor. Subsequently, drug likeness property, ADME/Toxicity profile, pharmacological activity, and site of metabolism of the curcuminoids were also analyzed.

Results

Curcumin I showed better affinity of binding with CK1 (− 10.31 Kcal/mol binding energy) and curcumin II showed better binding affinity (− 7.55 Kcal/mol binding energy) for GSK3B. All of the ligand molecules showed quite similar pharmacological properties.

Conclusion

Curcumin has anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-coagulant, and anti-infective properties. Curcumin has also anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. It hastens wound healing by acting on different stages of the natural wound healing process. In this study, three curcumins fromCurcuma longawere utilized in this experiment in a search for a drug to be used in wound healing and injury repair processes. Hopefully, this study will raise research interest among researchers.
Insights into animal septins using recombinant human septin octamers with distinct SEPT9 isoforms
Authors: Iv Francois , Martins Carla Silva , Castro-Linares Gerard , Taveneau Cyntia , Barbier Pascale , Verdier-Pinard Pascal , Camoin Luc , Audebert Stéphane , Tsai Feng-Ching , Ramond Laurie , Llewellyn Alex , Belhabib Mayssa , Nakazawa Koyomi , Di Cicco Aurélie , Vincentelli Renaud , Wenger Jerome , Cabantous Stéphanie , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Bertin Aurélie , Mavrakis Manos
Published: July 2021

Septin GTP-binding proteins contribute essential biological functions that range from the establishment of cell polarity to animal tissue morphogenesis. Human septins in cells form hetero-octameric septin complexes containing the ubiquitously expressed SEPT9 subunit (also known as SEPTIN9). Despite the established role of SEPT9 in mammalian development and human pathophysiology, biochemical and biophysical studies have relied on monomeric SEPT9, thus not recapitulating its native assembly into hetero-octameric complexes. We established a protocol that enabled, for the first time, the isolation of recombinant human septin octamers containing distinct SEPT9 isoforms. A combination of biochemical and biophysical assays confirmed the octameric nature of the isolated complexes in solution. Reconstitution studies showed that octamers with either a long or a short SEPT9 isoform form filament assemblies, and can directly bind and cross-link actin filaments, raising the possibility that septin-decorated actin structures in cells reflect direct actin–septin interactions. Recombinant SEPT9-containing octamers will make it possible to design cell-free assays to dissect the complex interactions of septins with cell membranes and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.
Passive Recovery Strategies after Exercise: A Narrative Literature Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Cullen Michael-Flynn L. , Casazza Gretchen A. , Davis Brian A.
Published: July 2021

Passive recovery techniques are popular and offer a diverse spectrum of options for athletes and the clinicians providing care for them. These techniques are intended to minimize the negative effects of training or competition, thus enabling the athlete a quicker return to peak performance. Current evidence demonstrates improved athlete recovery with compression garments, cold water immersion, partial body cryotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and vibratory therapies. Other popular modalities, such as compression devices, whole body cryotherapy, percussive gun-assisted therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic therapy lack convincing evidence concerning athlete recovery. This article seeks to review the current literature and offer the reader an updated understanding of the mechanisms for each modality and the evidence regarding each modality's potential benefit in an athlete's recovery strategy.
Helping Children with Obesity “Move Well” To Move More: An Applied Clinical Review
Authors: Tsiros Margarita D. , Vincent Heather K. , Getchell Nancy , Shultz Sarah P.
Published: July 2021

Children with obesity experience musculoskeletal pain and reduced physical function and well-being, which collectively impact their fitness, strength, motor skills, and even their ability to undertake simple tasks, like walking and climbing stairs. Disrupting obesity-related disability may be critical to increasing children's physical activity. Thus, barriers to movement should be considered by health practitioners to improve the efficacy of prescribed physical activity. This applied clinical review highlights key subjective and objective findings from a hypothetical case scenario, linking those findings to the research evidence, before exploring strategies to enhance movement and increase physical activity.
Suggested Curricular Guidelines for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Training
Authors: Olufade Oluseun A. , Patel Amrish , Cherian Chris , Waterbrook Anna L. , Zaremski Jason L. , Sussman Walter I. , Bowers Robert , Hrubes Melody , Myers Rebecca A.
Published: July 2021

A sports medicine physician manages musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and sport-related medical and MSK conditions of patients of all ages and abilities. Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians (physiatrists) must be adequately trained to provide this care for all patients including, but not limited to, athletes participating in organized sports, the weekend warrior as well as athletes with disabilities. Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education core requirements and basic guidelines help physiatry residency training programs develop and implement residency curriculums. The goal of this article is to provide suggested curricular guidelines to optimize physiatrist training in MSK and sports medicine.
Creatine Supplementation: An Update
Authors: Hall Matthew , Manetta Elizabeth , Tupper Kristofer
Published: July 2021

Creatine is a popular and widely used ergogenic dietary supplement among athletes, for which studies have consistently shown increased lean muscle mass and exercise capacity when used with short-duration, high-intensity exercise. In addition to strength gains, research has shown that creatine supplementation may provide additional benefits including enhanced postexercise recovery, injury prevention, rehabilitation, as well as a number of potential neurologic benefits that may be relevant to sports. Studies show that short- and long-term supplementation is safe and well tolerated in healthy individuals and in a number of patient populations.
Anderson-fabry disease: role of traditional and new cardiac MRI techniques
Authors: Caredda Gloria , Bassareo Pier Paolo , Cherchi Maria Valeria , Pontone Gianluca , Suri Jasjit S , Saba Luca
Published: July 2021

Anderson-Fabry (FD) disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by different mutations in the Galactosidase α (GLA) gene, which leads to α-galactosidase A enzyme deficiency and the storage of glycosphingolipids in different kinds of organs, included the heart. This results in myocardial inflammation and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (C-MRI), in particular with new techniques, such as mapping analysis, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessment and strain imaging, are important tools that allow a correct diagnosis, discriminating FD from other hypertrophic heart conditions. C-MRI is able to detect tissue alterations in the early stages of the disease, when an appropriate treatment could be more effective, and it has a fundamental role in monitoring therapy.
Predicting the pathological grade of breast phyllodes tumors: a nomogram based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Shen Lijuan , Hu Feixiang , Tang Wei , Gu Yajia , Peng Weijun
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To explore the potential factors related to the pathological grade of breast phyllodes tumors (PTs) and to establish a nomogram to improve their differentiation ability.

Methods:

Patients with PTs diagnosed by post-operative pathology who underwent pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2015 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Traditional clinical features and MRI features evaluated according to the fifth BI-RADS were analyzed by statistical methods and introduced to a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop a prediction model. Then, a nomogram was developed to graphically predict the probability of non-benign (borderline/malignant) PTs.

Results:

Finally, 61 benign, 73 borderline and 48 malignant PTs were identified in 182 patients. Family history of tumor, diameter, lobulation, cystic component, signal on fat saturated T2 weighted imaging (FS T2WI), BI-RADS category and time–signal intensity curve (TIC) patterns were found to be significantly different between benign and non-benign PTs. The nomogram was finally developed based on five risk factors: family history of tumor, lobulation, cystic component, signal on FS T2WI and internal enhancement. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.639, 0.835).

Conclusion:

Family history of tumor, lobulation, cystic components, signals on FS T2WI and internal enhancement are independent predictors of non-benign PTs. The prediction nomogram developed based on these features can be used as a supplemental tool to pre-operatively differentiate PTs grades.

Advances in knowledge:

More sample size and characteristics were used to explore the factors related to the pathological grade of PTs and establish a predictive nomogram for the first time.
X-ray checks of NG tube position: a case for guided tube placement
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Manara Alex R
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

Checking nasogastric (NG) tube position by X-ray is too late to prevent 1.5% of blind tube placements entering the lung and results in delays to feeding and drugs. We audit the safety of the tube position and delay incurred by X-ray.

Methods:

From Radiology reports, we determined whether tube position was safe for feeding, factors associated with an X-ray request and the time delay from X-ray request to that report. For tubes misplaced into the lung, the distance from the carina to tube tip was measured and compared with that from published records of guided tube placement.

Results:

From 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020, 1934 X-rays were done to check NG tube position in 891 patients. Gastric placement was confirmed in 85% but, because of tube proximity to the oesophagus, only 73% were deemed safe to feed. The 2.2% of tubes reported to be in the lung were a median of 18 cm beyond the carina compared to 12 cm and 0 cm for electromagnetic and direct vision methods of guided placement. X-ray checks delayed feed and drug treatment by >2 h in 51% of placements and 33% of patients required >3 X-rays during their enteral episode.

Conclusion:

X-ray checks are common and detect a high percentage of unsafe tube placements, leading to repeated X-ray and delayed delivery of drugs and nutrition. Interpretation can be difficult even when following standard national criteria and post-placement X-ray cannot prevent deep lung placement. Guided or combined methods of confirming tube placement should be investigated.

Advances in knowledge:

Reports included 27.5% of placements as unsafe, 2.2% in the lung at a median depth of 18 cm beyond the carina and too late to prevent 7 pneumothoraces. X-rays were repeated >3 times in 33% of patients over their enteral course and we are associated with clinically significant delays to drug treatment (and nutrition) in 51%; combined methods of tube confirmation or guided placement may be safer and more efficient.
Collateral pulmonary vein after catheter ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nagai Kyoko , Kotake Akio , Hori Yoshiro , Takeyama Nobuyuki , Tanaka Eliko , Tashiro Yuki , Hashimoto Toshi , Wakatsuki Daisuke , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

A patient with previous catheter ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation was examined for an abnormal shadow on a chest radiograph. ECG-gated multidetector CT clearly showed the left upper pulmonary vein connected with the left inferior pulmonary vein. We hypothesize an intrapulmonary venous connection as a collateral.
A case of venous aneurysm of a splenorenal shunt
Authors: Yonezawa Hiroki , Jogo Atsushi , Yamamoto Akira , Nota Takehito , Murai Kazuki , Ogawa Satoyuki , Nakano Mariko , Kageyama Ken , Hamamoto Shinichi , Sohgawa Etsuji , Hamuro Masao , Kaminou Toshio , Miki Yukio
Published: July 2021

A 66-year-old man presented with liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hyperammonemia. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a dilated and tortuous splenorenal shunt and a large venous aneurysm in the shunt. The venous aneurysm showed gradual enlargement over 10 years and worsening hyperammonemia, so balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration was performed. Under balloon occlusion, 5% ethanolamine oleate was injected from a microcatheter into the venous aneurysm, which was subsequently embolized with microcoils. Contrast-enhanced CT after the procedure showed complete thrombosis of the venous aneurysm. 10 months later, the venous aneurysm reduced in size, and hyperammonemia had improved.
Impact of double reading on NI-RADS diagnostic accuracy in reporting oral squamous cell carcinoma surveillance imaging – a single-center study
Authors: Elsholtz Fabian Henry Jürgen , Ro Sa-Ra , Shnayien Seyd , Dinkelborg Patrick , Hamm Bernd , Schaafs Lars-Arne
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) is an increasingly utilized risk stratification tool for imaging surveillance after treatment for head and neck cancer. This study aims to measure the impact of supervision by subspecialized radiologists on diagnostic accuracy of NI-RADS when initial reading is performed by residents.

Methods:

150 CT and MRI datasets were initially read by two trained residents, and then supervised by two subspecialized radiologists. Recurrence rates by NI-RADS category were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. After dichotomization of the NI-RADS system (category 1 vs categories 2 + 3+4 and categories 1 + 2 vs 3 + 4), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated.

Results:

26% of the reports were modified by the supervising radiologists. Area under the curve of ROC plots values of the supervision session were higher than those of the initial reading session for both the primary site (0.89 vs 0.86) and the neck (0.94 vs 0.91), but the difference was not statistically significant. For dichotomized NI-RADS category assignments, differences between the initial reading and the supervision session were statistically significant regarding specificity and PPV for the primary site (1 + 2 vs 3 + 4 and 1 vs 2 + 3+4) or even for both sites combined (1 vs 2 + 3+4).

Conclusion:

NI-RADS enables trained resident radiologists to report surveillance imaging in patients with treated oral squamous cell carcinoma with high discriminatory power. Additional supervision by a subspecialized head and neck radiologist particularly improves specificity of radiological reports.
Ex-vivo imaging of buccal and oral periodontal bone with low-dose CBCT in porcine jaws
Authors: Ruetters Maurice , Gehrig Holger , Kronsteiner Dorohtea , Weyer Vanessa , Kim Ti-Sun , Lux Christopher J. , Sen Sinan
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

New CBCT devices have been developed which can provide “low-dose CBCTs (LD-CBCT)”. Aim of this study is to investigate the suitability of LD-CBCT for measurement of alveolar buccal/oral bone.

Methods and materials:

Vestibular and oral bone loss of the teeth of seven porcine mandibles free of soft tissues were investigated by Micro-CT and three CBCT-modes: high-dose (HD), standard-dose (SD) and low-dose (LD). Radiographic measurements of bone loss (bl) and vestibular and oral bone thickness (bt) were made by two raters at 69 sites. Measurement means and differences, Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were calculated.

Results:

ICCs between raters(r) concerning bl were 0.954 for HD, 0.949 for SD and 0.945 for LD; concerning bt they were 0.872 for HD, 0.845 for SD and 0.783 for LD. Means of differences of bt measurements were −0.01 mm(r1)/0.00 mm(r2) for HD, 0.04 mm(r1)/0.02 mm(r2) for SD and 0.02 mm(r1)/0.04 mm(r2) for LD; for bl measurements they were 0.06 mm(r1)/0.05 mm(r2) for HD, −0.01 mm(r1)/0.13 mm(r2) for SD and 0.07 mm(r1)/0.16 mm(r2) for LD. Linear regression indicates no noticeable differences between methods and the raters with respect to bl and bt.

Conclusions

Relating to the CBCT-device used in this study, LD-CBCT is a promising method to detect and describe buccal and oral periodontal bl and bt. Further studies with human anatomic structures must confirm these results.
Recruitment of endoplasmic reticulum-targeted and cytosolic mRNAs into membrane-associated stress granules
Authors: Child Jessica R. , Chen Qiang , Reid David W. , Jagannathan Sujatha , Nicchitta Christopher V.
Published: July 2021

Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless organelles composed of mRNAs and RNA binding proteins which undergo assembly in response to stress-induced inactivation of translation initiation. In general, SG recruitment is limited to a subpopulation of a given mRNA species and RNA-seq analyses of purified SGs revealed that signal sequence-encoding (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum [ER]-targeted) transcripts are significantly underrepresented, consistent with prior reports that ER localization can protect mRNAs from SG recruitment. Using translational profiling, cell fractionation, and single molecule mRNA imaging, we examined SG biogenesis following activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) by 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) and report that gene-specific subsets of cytosolic and ER-targeted mRNAs can be recruited into SGs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SGs form in close proximity to or directly associated with the ER membrane. ER-associated SG assembly was also observed during arsenite stress, suggesting broad roles for the ER in SG biogenesis. Recruitment of a given mRNA into SGs required stress-induced translational repression, though translational inhibition was not solely predictive of an mRNA's propensity for SG recruitment. SG formation was prevented by the transcriptional inhibitors actinomycin D or triptolide, suggesting a functional link between gene transcriptional state and SG biogenesis. Collectively these data demonstrate that ER-targeted and cytosolic mRNAs can be recruited into ER-associated SGs and this recruitment is sensitive to transcriptional inhibition. We propose that newly transcribed mRNAs exported under conditions of suppressed translation initiation are primary SG substrates, with the ER serving as the central subcellular site of SG formation.
Modified Kibria-Lukman (MKL) estimator for the Poisson Regression Model: application and simulation
Authors: Aladeitan Benedicta B. , Adebimpe Olukayode , Lukman Adewale F. , Oludoun Olajumoke , Abiodun Oluwakemi E.
Published: July 2021

Background: Multicollinearity greatly affects the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) efficiency in both the linear regression model and the generalized linear model. Alternative estimators to the MLE include the ridge estimator, the Liu estimator and the Kibria-Lukman (KL) estimator, though literature shows that the KL estimator is preferred. Therefore, this study sought to modify the KL estimator to mitigate the Poisson Regression Model with multicollinearity.

Methods: A simulation study and a real-life study were carried out and the performance of the new estimator was compared with some of the existing estimators.

Results: The simulation result showed the new estimator performed more efficiently than the MLE, Poisson Ridge Regression Estimator (PRE), Poisson Liu Estimator (PLE) and the Poisson KL (PKL) estimators. The real-life application also agreed with the simulation result.

Conclusions: In general, the new estimator performed more efficiently than the MLE, PRE, PLE and the PKL when multicollinearity was present.
Domestic and International Indicators of Production Traumatism and Occupational Diseases for the Purpose of Implementation of Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Komzolov A. , Barkhatov Vladimir , Manezheva Maria
Published: July 2021

The article provides the analysis of applying of the production traumatism and occupational diseases indicators in the projects of Russian and international oil and gas companies. The advantages and disadvantages of the main indicators were considered. The application features in occupational risk assessment and a possibility to compare the occupational safety level in different companies were discussed as part of implementation of oil and gas projects. While investigating the international indicators, an assessment of application possibility of these indicators was presented in terms of the current aspects of the accident statistics in domestic companies. The regulations and criteria of the occupational risk indicators system development in oil and gas companies were designed. The article offers the list of indicators to provide sufficient information for assessment of occupational health and safety conditions in the company and to develop risk response activities.
Holistic Approach to Transformational and Transactional Project Leadership Styles: Literature Review 2016–2019
Authors: Trublovskaya Alena , Gordienko Ol'ga , Chigrina Anna , Abdrahmanov Artem , Gorodnicheva Anastasiya
Published: July 2021

The notion of project leadership is considered to be one of the most popular topics among both researchers and managers. However, the question of whether transformational project leadership (TFL) or transactional project leadership (TAL) is more efficient for organizations is widely debated. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the tendencies in the research of TFL and TAL in 2016–2019. This study was based on literature review and selected research articles of each year from Scopus according to particular metrics: article citation index, author h-index and journal CiteScore. A questionnaire among experts was conducted in order to evaluate the relationship between the metrics. The main contribution of this study is that it unites research papers of a different focus and offers insight into the key findings on the notions of TFL and TAL in the last four years. The study shows that TFL and TAL were found to have both positive and negative implications under certain factors and circumstances. Furthermore, the study indicates that TFL and TAL do not oppose but rather complement each other. Hence, the balance between TFL and TAL is likely to be an optimum choice. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are thoroughly discussed in the paper.
Pediatric Conditions Requiring Minimal Intervention or Observation After Interfacility Transfer
Authors: McDaniel Corrie E , Leyenaar JoAnna , Sullivan Erin , Desai Sanyukta , Kessler Larry
Published: July 2021

Increasing regionalization of pediatric care has led to interfacility transfer of children with general pediatric conditions at rates similar to those of high-risk adults, which may delay appropriate treatment. We sought to identify common medical diagnoses that did not require significant advanced intervention and that had high rates of discharge within 1 day of interfacility transfer. Using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, we identified all transfers into PHIS-participating children’s hospitals in 2019. We excluded encounters for mental health, labor/maternity, primary newborn diagnoses, and direct admissions to an intensive care unit. Eligible encounters were categorized by duration of hospitalization and basic vs advanced intervention after transfer. Of 286,905 transfers, 197,386 (68.6%) met inclusion criteria. Cough, febrile seizures, croup, and allergic reactions required advanced interventions <10% of the time, and patients with these diagnoses were most commonly discharged within 1 day after transfer. These conditions are potential targets for building pediatric capacity in non-pediatric hospitals.
La emergencia de las narrativas transmedia en historias y relatos comunes
Authors: Montoya Julieta , Páez Ángel
Published: July 2021

En el artículo se plantea un análisis de la experiencia transmediática en las audiencias, a partir de las narrativas del documental colaborativo transmedia Cuentos de viejos, donde se identifica la intervención de las audiencias y el discurso narrativo transmedia, por medio de una investigación descriptiva, no experimental de tipo transeccional. La experiencia de la audiencia se midió a través de una técnica de observación documental por medio de una ficha de cotejo. Con el análisis de la experiencia transmediática se puede concluir que el documental colaborativo transmedia Cuentos de viejos hace parte de un modelo de información que está cambiando a un modelo de comunicación interactivo, en el que la tecnología ha intervenido positivamente para que se desarrolle el fenómeno de la narrativa transmedia.
Computer-assisted surgery and navigation in foot and ankle: state of the art and fields of application
Authors: Kutaish Halah , Acker Antoine , Drittenbass Lisca , Stern Richard , Assal Mathieu
Published: July 2021

Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) is a real-time navigation guidance system that supports surgeons intraoperatively. Its use is reported to increase precision and facilitate less-invasive surgery. Advanced intraoperative imaging helps confirm that the initial aim of surgery has been achieved and allows for immediate adjustment when required. The complex anatomy of the foot and ankle, and the associated wide range of challenging procedures should benefit from the use of CAOS; however, reports on the topic are scarce. This article explores the fields of applications of real-time navigation and CAOS in foot and ankle surgery.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:531-538. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200024
Acute osteoarticular infections in children are frequently forgotten multidiscipline emergencies: beyond the technical skills
Authors: El-Sobky Tamer , Mahmoud Shady
Published: July 2021

Acute osteoarticular infections (AOI) should be treated as top emergencies. The first few days following the inception of infection are ultra-critical to long-term prognosis. A comprehensive road map for management of childhood AOI is still lacking despite recent advances in microbiology and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging). The many faces of childhood AOI warrant a multidiscipline approach to management. Laboratory and imaging findings of are still debatable and should not overshadow or delay a management plan based on the experienced physician’s clinical judgment. Ample evidence-based practice supports the use of a few days of intravenous antibiotic administration followed by oral therapy until correlative clinical and basic laboratory (acute phase reactants) results improve. The growing body of evidence on ‘high-risk’ children/neonates of AOI warrants continual clinical extra-vigilance in identifying these patient subsets. Open drainage and debridement remain the mainstay of treatment of septic hips, whereas for other joints the use of alternative surgical techniques should be individualized or on case-by-case basis. Because the consequences of misdiagnosis of AOI are usually grave and permanent, proactive treatment/overtreatment is justified in the event of unconfirmed but suspicious diagnosis.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:584-592. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200155
Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jain Sameer , Lamb Jonathan , Townsend Oliver , Scott Chloe E. H. , Kendrick Ben , Middleton Robert , Jones Steve A. , Board Tim , West Robert , Pandit Hemant
Published: July 2021

Aims

This study evaluates risk factors influencing fracture characteristics for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty.

Methods

Data were collected for PFF patients admitted to eight UK centres between 25 May 2006 and 1 March 2020. Radiographs were assessed for Unified Classification System (UCS) grade and AO/OTA type. Statistical comparisons investigated relationships by age, gender, and stem fixation philosophy (polished taper-slip (PTS) vs composite beam (CB)). The effect of multiple variables was estimated using multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Surgical treatment (revision vs fixation) was compared by UCS grade and AO/OTA type.

Results

A total of 584 cases were included. Median age was 79.1 years (interquartile range 72.0 to 86.0), 312 (53.6%) patients were female, and 495 (85.1%) stems were PTS. The commonest UCS grade was type B1 (278, 47.6%). The most common AO/OTA type was spiral (352, 60.3%). Metaphyseal split fractures occurred only with PTS stems with an incidence of 10.1%. Male sex was associated with a five-fold reduction in odds of a type C fracture (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.41); p < 0.001) compared to a type B fracture. CB stems were associated with significantly increased odds of transverse fracture (OR 9.51 (95% CI 3.72 to 24.34); p < 0.001) and wedge fracture (OR 3.72 (95% CI 1.16 to 11.95); p = 0.027) compared to PTS stems. Both UCS grade and AO/OTA type differed significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the revision and fixation groups but a similar proportion of B1 fractures underwent revision compared to fixation (45.3% vs 50.6%).

Conclusion

The commonest fracture types are B1 and spiral fractures. PTS stems are exclusively associated with metaphyseal split fractures, but their incidence is low. Males have lower odds of UCS grade C fractures compared to females. CB stems have higher odds of bending type fractures (transverse and wedge) compared to PTS stems. There is considerable variation in practice when treating B1 fractures around cemented stems. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):466–475.
Effect of hyperglycemia on fertility in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats: focus on glucose transporters and oxidative stress
Authors: Brodjonegoro Sakti Ronggowardhana , Ghinorawa Tanaya , Wonatorey Nickanor Kaladius Reumy , Zulfiqqar Andy , Heriyanto Didik Setyo
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and oxidant metabolism are associated with the mechanism of infertility. This study evaluated the impact of hyperglycemia on glucose and oxidant metabolisms of Sertoli cells (SCs).

METHODS This study was an animal study to investigate the expression of messenger RNA monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), GLUT1, GLUT3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase, catalase (CAT), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) of Wistar rats testes that were induced hyperglycemia. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used. Hyperglycemic state in the Wistar rats was induced by streptozotocin. 24 rats were divided into 3 groups: non-hyperglycemia (control), 2-week, and 4-week hyperglycemic state. All data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 (IBM Corp., USA).

RESULTS The expression of glucose transporter (GLUT1 and GLUT3), lactate transporter (MCT4), and cellular defense protein against oxidant (Nrf2 and CAT) was significantly increased in the 2-week and 4-week hyperglycemic state groups with p<0.01, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic state affects the metabolism of SCs. Alteration of GLUTs and oxidative metabolism may indicate metabolic alterations by a prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia that may be responsible for diabetes-related male infertility.
Double ring nanostructure with an internal cavity and a multiple Fano
resonances system for refractive index sensing
Authors: Shao Zhiquan , Yan Shubin , Wen Feng , Wu Xiushan , Hua Ertian
Published: July 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, nanosensor based on a metal-insulator-metal
waveguide coupled to a double ring resonator is proposed. The spectral
characteristics are studied by finite element method, and a Fano
resonance (FR) formed by the interference of the narrowband mode and
the broadband mode is discovered. After analyzing the effects of
structural parameters on the transmission characteristics, the
structure is further optimized by adding a rectangular cavity inside
the ring cavity. The maximum sensitivity reaches 1885 nm/RIU with the
figure of merit (FOM) of 77. Additionally, a tunable multiple FR
system is realized through the derivative structure, which leads to
the splitting of the resonance mode and produces two new narrowband
modes. Their formation mechanism and performance are studied through a
normalized magnetic field distribution and transmission spectrum. The
designed structure with excellent performance can discover significant
applications in the future nanosensing domain.
Simulation of stray radiation from optical window with temperature-dependent spectral properties
Authors: Pan Hong-Yu , Sun Chuang , Chen Xue , Xia Xin-Lin
Published: July 2021

Stray radiation analysis coupled with a temperature field is performed for a semitransparent window, focusing on the temperature-dependent optical properties. The transient temperature response of the optical window-based encapsulation structure is first investigated under an external transient high-heat flux loading. The spectral selectivity of the window to thermal radiation is involved. Subsequently, several typical cases for stray radiation are conducted, considering the inhomogeneous optical properties caused by the temperature heterogeneity. It is found that the stray radiation distribution is more chaotic compared to the results with optical properties independent of temperature. In addition, the stray radiation power has a large deviation (150%) if one neglects the temperature dependence. Meanwhile, the difference in wave band power decreases with the wavelength rising. Additionally, the stray radiation power generated by the window is far less in the visible wave band than that in the near-infrared wave band. The results reveal that the temperature dependence in optical properties of a semitransparent window should be seriously considered when calculating the stray radiation, especially in high-precision detection devices.
Underwater fiber-optic salinity and pressure sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and multimode interference
Authors: Yang Musen , Zhu Yunlong , An Ran
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an underwater fiber-optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI) is presented for simultaneous measurement of salinity and pressure. This sensor is based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode-multimode-single-mode structure with a gold film deposited on the middle single-mode fiber and the fiber structure is wrapped around an elastic cylinder to constitute a sensing head. In the fiber structure, the SPR region produces a resonance dip to measure salinity, and the independent MMI region achieves narrow and salinity-insensitive interference dips to measure pressure. Performance of the sensor is predicted by calculation, and the MMI spectrum is simulated by using the finite-difference beam propagation method. By experimental tests for salinity and pressure, the sensitivities of 0.36 nm/‰ and

−

1.42

n
m

/

M
P
a

are achieved, respectively, and the cross talk is also proved to be insignificant. This study provides an important application direction for SPR-MMI sensors and a prospective method for ocean detection.
Propagation dynamics of the odd-Pearcey Gaussian beam in a parabolic potential
Authors: Mo Zhenwu , Wu You , Lin Zejia , Jiang Junjie , Xu Danlin , Huang Haiqi , Yang Haobin , Deng Dongmei
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the propagation properties of the odd-Pearcey Gaussian beam (OPGB) in a parabolic potential are investigated analytically and numerically. Except for the auto-focusing at the focal plane, the OPGB performs a weak off-axis focusing unexpectedly. The focusing distance and the focal intensity can be adjusted by choosing an appropriate parabolic parameter. Also, the Poynting vector of the OPGB is demonstrated. In addition, we investigate the radiation forces of the OPGB and find that the trapping points can be generated during propagation.
Widely tunable external-cavity surface-emitting laser using various methods
Authors: Mao Lin , Zhang Xiaojian , Zhu Renjiang , Wang Tao , Wang Lijie , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2021

We report a widely tunable optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser. The multiple quantum wells in the active region of the gain chip are generally designed to form the resonant periodic gain structure, and three different methods are used to tune the oscillating wavelength. The maximum wavelength coverage of 45 nm is obtained when a 2 mm thickness birefringent filter is introduced in a straight-line cavity, while the tuning range of 8 nm is performed by employing a 0.15 mm thickness uncoated Fabry–Perot etalon. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we present an 11 nm tuning range by the use of an inserted blade as the tuning element, and the related wavelength tuning mechanism is analyzed.