bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIRST ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF JICARÓN AND JICARITA: THE SOUTHERNMOST ISLANDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA
Authors: Castillo-Caballero Pedro Luis , Monteza-Moreno Claudio M. , Johnson Oscar , Angehr George R.
Published: March 2021

The Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest land bridge between North and South America, is surrounded by a large number of islands (>1500) relatively close to the mainland. However, despite the potential role Panamanian islands have for the conservation of bird species, most avian surveys are conducted on the mainland. The islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, located in Coiba National Park, are of particular interest because these are the southernmost islands in the Republic of Panama. Additionally, previous avian surveys were restricted to Coiba Island, the largest of the park, leaving the avifauna in the rest of the islands poorly known. Here, we provide the first annotated checklist of birds for the islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, where we documented 115 and 53 species, respectively. Of these 23 species represent new records for the park. Further, we documented 10 endemic subspecies and 29 migratory species, of which 7 are warblers. The most frequently observed species were Brown-backed Dove (Leptotila plumbeiceps battyi), Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) and Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola). We highlight some species of interest and discuss the potential role of these islands for conservation.
HONGOS PATÓGENOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CAMARÓN MARINO, Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE), PANAMÁ
Authors: Bernal Francisco , Yangüés Linda , De Von Chong Martha , Ashaw Muñoz María Isabel
Published: March 2021

Se determinó la microflora fúngica de camarones peneidos presente en los segmentos abdominales, pleópodos, pereiópodos, urópodos y telson, a través del aislamiento en Agar papa dextrosa (PDA) y agar Sabouraud (ASD), para su posterior identificación taxonómica.   Tres fincas camaroneras del Distrito de Aguadulce, Provincia de Coclé, República de Panamá fueron seleccionadas y de cada una de ellas se colectaron individuos para el examen clínico.  Se determinó necrosis cuticular en el 55,76 % de los camarones y en el 44,24% anomalidades macroscópicas externas. La población fúngica encontrada perteneció a los siguientes géneros: Aspergillus, Fusarium y Penicillium; siendo los géneros de mayor incidencia Fusarium y Aspergillus.
Depredación de la “babosa” Veronicella cubensis Pfeiffer (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae), por la larva de Cratomorphus signativentris Olivier 1895 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) en Panamá
Authors: Lanuza-Garay Alfredo , Santos-Murgas Alonso , Barría M. Erick A. , Hernández C. Greta C. , Osorio-Arenas Miguel A.
Published: March 2021

Las larvas de luciérnagas (Coleoptera; Lampyridae) se alimentan natural y vorazmente de diversas especies de moluscos terrestres entre ellas babosas. Aunque se ha documentado esta relación antagónica en innumerables especies de Lampyridae, en el caso de la luciérnaga gigante del género Cratomorphus Motschulsky, 1853, se desconoce su papel depredador sobre moluscos terrestres. El objetivo del estudio fue documentar por primera vez la depredación de la Babosa Cubana (Veronisella cubensis Pfeiffer, 1840) por larvas de Cratomorphus signativentris De igual forma se hacen algunos comentarios sobre las larvas y adultos de C. signativentris estudiadas, además de una comparación de predilección alimenticia dentro de este género.
DIVERSIDAD DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA Y HESPERIOIDEA) EN LA MESETA DE CHORCHA, PROVINCIA DE CHIRIQUÍ, PANAMÁ
Authors: Araúz Gabriel , Santos M. Alonso , Iglesias Carlos , Añino Yostin
Published: March 2021

Se determinó la diversidad de mariposas en el trayecto principal hacia la meseta de Chorcha, ubicada en los distritos de David, Gualaca y San Lorenzo, provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. Se realizaron 24 giras de colecta durante tres meses de la época lluviosa de 2017 y tres meses de la época seca de 2018. Para esto se utilizó el método de captura directa con la red entomológica y 16 trampas Van Someren-Rydon con cebos de fruta descompuesta, fruta fresca, pescado en descomposición y heces de ganado. Se recolectaron 907 individuos, pertenecientes a 112 especies, 6 familias y 21 subfamilias. El método más efectivo para la captura de mariposas fue la red entomológica, con la cual se registraron 757 individuos, en comparación con los 150 individuos colectados con las trampas Van Someren-Rydon. Los valores más altos de abundancia y riqueza de especies se registraron en la época lluviosa con 554 individuos y 168 especies respectivamente. Según los resultados, la meseta de Chorcha presenta una elevada abundancia y riqueza de mariposas, a pesar de que la zona ha sido frecuentemente intervenida por el hombre para la ganadería y la ubicación de las torres de alta tensión eléctrica.
REPORTES FOTOGRÁFICOS DEL MOSQUERO BERMELLÓN (Pyrocephalus rubinus) EN PANAMÁ
Authors: Herrera R Jorge Moisés , Aparicio U. Karla
Published: March 2021

Presentamos dos registros fotográficos del Mosquero Bermellón (Pyrocephalus rubinus) en Panamá. Una hembra fue registrada el 29 de marzo de 2019 en la Comunidad de Sinaí, Río Membrillo, Comarca Emberá y Wounaan, provincia de Darién (8° 36' 51.2" N; 77° 49' 50.4" O) y un macho, el 28 de mayo de 2020 en los jardines de la Comisión Panamá – Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (COPEG) con coordenadas (09°05’16.7” N; 79°17’10.8” O), en el corregimiento de Pacora, Ciudad de Panamá. Estos reportes contribuyen a actualizar los registros de esta especie para el país, ya que sus observaciones son poco comunes, con 12 registros documentados hasta el momento, además contribuye a comprender patrones de migración de la especie.
DESCRIPCIÓN MORFOMÉTRICA DE DOS POBLACIONES DE Leiosporoceros dussii (STEPHANI) HÄSSEL (LEIOSPOROCEROTACEAE) DE PANAMÁ
Authors: Guadalupe Y. , Flores N. , Villarreal J. C.
Published: March 2021

Leiosporoceros dussii es un antocerote neotropical que comprende colonias de cianobacterias alojadas en canales esquizógenos ramificados dicotómicamente a lo largo del talo, esta particularidad representa un carácter diagnostico utilizado para diferenciar esta especie de otros antocerotes. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la variación morfológica de L. dussii, por medio de análisis morfométricos de dos poblaciones, ubicadas en El Valle de Antón, provincia de Coclé, Panamá. Se realizó una descripción completa de la especie y se encontraron variaciones morfométricas entre las dos poblaciones. Se compararon características morfométricas de las poblaciones estudiadas, las cuales mostraron variaciones morfométricas significativas, evidenciadas tanto en el análisis de datos multivariante como univariante. Este estudio proporciona descripciones morfométricas detalladas del gametófito y esporófito de L. dussii, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas para la identificación de especímenes sin estructuras reproductivas.
Epidemiology of paediatric head and facial injuries in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Alsayad Fatima
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Head and facial injuries in paediatric patients are a major public health problem in Queensland, Australia, where control, minimisation, or prevention play key roles. Although many studies have been reported, few can be found concerning the epidemiology of paediatric maxillofacial injuries in Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess and report the aetiology, patterns, distribution, and associated factors of head and facial injuries in children in Queensland, Australia.

Material and methods

Data were obtained from Queensland injury Surveillance Unit (QISU). A retrospective study included 10,723 injured children (from less than 1 year old to 12 years old) in the years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. The analyses involved descriptive statistics and 2 test.

Results

The number of patients injured varied among age groups. The nature and mechanism of injuries were different among age groups as well. Boys were more prone to maxillofacial injuries compared to females. The highest rate of injuries was in the 1–2-year age group for both genders. Contact with a static object was the main aetiology of maxillofacial injuries during leisure activity (playing). The home was the main site where the injuries occurred.

Conclusions

Preventive measures should be strengthened both indoors and outdoors to reduce the incidence and severity of paediatric injuries in Queensland, Australia. In addition, children in the growing phase should be monitored periodically. Furthermore, increasing awareness can be attained by increasing safety education.
Effect of a short ischaemic preconditioning protocol on 100-m front crawl performance
Authors: de Queiros Victor Sabino , Dantas Matheus , Teixeira Romulo Vasconcelos , Machado de Ribeiro Dos Reis Victor Manuel , de Matos Dihogo Gama , da Silva Luiz Felipe , Silva Dantas Paulo Moreira , Tinoco Cabral Breno Guilheme Araujo
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of a single-cycle ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) protocol on performance in the 100-m front crawl swimming modality.

Methods

Overall, 16 swimmers were recruited: 8 female athletes (12.9 ± 0.88 years) and 8 male athletes (13.1 ± 0.88 years). In a randomized crossover design, all participants performed a 100-m front crawl sprint preceded by an IPC or placebo cycle. In the IPC trial, a pneumatic cuff was attached to the proximal thigh and was inflated at a pressure equivalent to 80% of arterial occlusion and remained inflated for 5 min (ischaemia); in the placebo trial, the cuff remained inflated for the same amount of time, but at low external pressure levels (20 mm Hg). The volunteers started the test 5 min after cuff pressure release (reperfusion).

Results

It was not possible to verify significant differences within the time (seconds) required to complete the test between the IPC and placebo interventions (75.68 ± 7.2 and 75.75 ± 8.1 s, respectively; p = 0.916).

Conclusions

Therefore, we can conclude that the tested IPC protocol does not seem to be sufficient to provide performance improvement in 100-m front crawl in young athletes.
Analysis of patterns of ball recovery in youth futsal
Authors: Carneiro Matheus de Lima , Dos Reis Marcos Antonio Mattos , Petiot Gregory Halle , de Aguiar Silva Thiago Coelho
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To investigate the patterns of recovery of ball possession in a young futsal team.

Methods

Seven games played by a youth futsal team were analysed. Patterns of recovery of ball possession were investigated on the basis of the following variables: way to recover the ball, location of recovery, tactical behaviour after the recovery, and result of the match. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey honest significant difference test were used to compare the variables. Principal component analysis was also applied to verify the association between variables.

Results

It was observed that there was a greater number of ball recoveries in the defensive sector (F3,24 = 35.6; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.79), that set pieces were the most frequent way to recover the ball (F5,36 = 7.9; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.46), that ball possession was maintained more often after the recovery of the ball (F3,24 = 79.6; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.90), and that there was no correlation between the result of the match and the number of ball recoveries (F3,24 = 0.20; p = 0.93; ηp2 = 0.10). Four components were identified that represented a variance of 95% for all variables. Factor 1 was related to the patterns of ball possession recovery in the offensive sector, while factor 2 was related to the tackle.

Conclusions

It was concluded that the way to recover the ball and the location of recovery affected both patterns of recovery and tactical behaviour after the recovery of the ball.
Sensitivity and specificity of chest CT scan based on RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Pourmontaseri Zahra , Afrashteh Sima , Hosseinzadeh Mehrnaz , Karimi Jalal , Sharafi Mehdi
Published: March 2021

Introduction

COVID-19 is a novel, severely contagious and progressive infection occurring worldwide. The diagnosis of the disease is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and computed tomography (CT) scan, even though they are still controversial methods.

Material and methods

We studied 54 patients with suspected COVID-19 and the two mentioned methods were compared with each other.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of the abnormal chest CT scan, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation opacity, and both of GGO and consolidation were also surveyed based on RT-PCR. The results showed that RT-PCR assay was negative in 23 (42.6%) patients and positive in 31 (57.4%) cases. Also, the patients with an abnormal chest CT scan comprised 37 (68.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal CT scan were 78.6% and 42.3%, respectively, based on the RT-PCR method.

Conclusions

Other techniques alongside CT scan and RT-PCR are advocated for accuracy of the COVID-19 diagnosis.
Successful endovascular treatment of intralobar pulmonary sequestration – an effective alternative to surgery
Authors: Szmygin Maciej , Pyra Krzysztof , Sojka Michał , Jargiełło Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation characterised by the presence of non-functional

and dysplastic pulmonary tissue that lacks communication with the tracheobronchial tree and has an aberrant non-pulmonary blood supply. Depending on its location, presence of the pleura covering, and venous drainage,

2 forms of pulmonary sequestration have been described: intra- and extralobar. Traditionally, surgical resection was performed; however, a growing number of cases have been treated with endovascular intervention.

Case report: A 38-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with severe haemoptysis for several hours. Examination at admission revealed tachycardia and tachypnoea. Computed tomography-examination disclosed the presence of an area of consolidation in the left lower lobe with a tortuous feeding artery arising from the descending aorta. Visible ground glass opacification indicated diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of intralobar sequestration of the left lung was made. The patient was consulted by a cardiothoracic surgeon and an interventional radiologist and qualified for endovascular treatment. In local anaesthesia femoral access was obtained and selective angiography of the common trunk of both bronchial arteries was performed. It depicted a dilated left bronchial artery supplying the sequestration and visible contrast extravasation. Embolisation of the vessel was performed with Glubran (n-butyl-cyanoacrylate). Control contrast injection showed complete elimination of the sequestration’s blood supply with no residual capillary blush. Clinical improvement was observed. No complications were encountered, and the patient was discharged 7 days after the procedure.

Conclusions: Arterial embolisation is a promising alternative to surgery in the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary sequestration.
Computed tomography of the chest in patients with COVID-19: what do radiologists want to know?
Authors: Razek Ahmed , Fouda Nehad , Fahmy Dalia , Salah Tanatawy Mohamed , Sultan Amina , Bilal Maha , Zaki Maysaa , Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud , Sobh Donia
Published: March 2021

We aim in the current study to review pulmonary and extra-pulmonary imaging features in patients infected with COVID-19. COVID-19 appears to be a highly contagious viral disease that attacks the respiratory system causing pneumonia. Since the beginning of the outbreak, several reports have been published describing various radiological patterns related to COVID-19. Radiological features of COVID-19 are classified into; pulmonary signs of which ground glass opacities are considered the characteristic followed by consolidation, and extra-pulmonary signs such as pulmonary embolism and pneumothorax, which are far less common and appear later in progressive disease. We review the different structured reporting systems that are published by different groups of radiologists using simple unified terms to enable good communication between the radiologist and the referring physician. Computed tomography of the chest is beneficial for early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, assessment of disease progression and guide to therapy, surveillance of patients with response to therapy, prediction of overlying bacterial infection, differentiation from simulating lesions, and screening with prevention and controls of the disease.
Initial experience with novel Embocure Plus microspheres for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastatic colorectal cancer tumours – a clinical and in vitro study
Authors: Piasecki Piotr , Wierzbicki Marek , Majewska Aleksandra , Kieda Caludine , Narloch Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is currently recommended for unresectable intrahepatic tumours with no vascular invasion or metastasis to other organs. It is based on drug-eluting microspheres pre-loaded with chemotherapeutics, which are injected selectively into vessels supplying the tumour, to embolize them inducing ischaemia, and elute the drug, to induce tumour response. We present our initial experience with novel irinotecan-loaded Embocure Plus microspheres in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer tumours in the liver, and their effect on HCT-116 cell cultures in vitro.

Material and methods

Three consecutive male patients (median age 62 [50-76] years) with liver metastatic colorectal cancer tumours were selected. All patients had a pre-procedure contrast-enhanced computed tomography, confirming multiple metastatic liver tumours (mean tumour diameter = 42 mm; range: 14-77 mm) and periprocedural dyna-CT scans for rapid treatment results assessment. In vitro: Human colon HCT116 cancer cell line was cultured, irinotecan loaded Embocure Plus microspheres were added. Cultures were assessed after 24 hours and 72 hours of incubation in normoxia or hypoxia.

Results

All embolizations were technically successful, and no complications were observed. Stabilization of the targeted metastatic liver tumours in all patients was noted. In vitro: Significant decrease of the growth of HTC 116 cell lines were observed in controls compared to cells treated with Embocure Plus loaded with irinotecan in normoxia and hypoxia after 48 and 72 hours. We observed a tendency for less inhibited cell proliferation in low-oxygen conditions.

Conclusions

TACE therapy of liver metastatic tumours shows satisfactory results and a low complication rate. Embo­cure Plus microspheres are safe and technically feasible for superselective chemoembolization of metastatic colorectal cancer liver tumour. Dyna-CT can be used for assessment of treatment results during repeated TACE procedures.
Shock wave versus iontophoresis in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Abd Elrazik Reda Kotb , M. Battesha Hanan Hosny , Mohamed Samir Sara
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly encountered nerve entrapment disorder; it causes pain, numbness, tingling sensation in the hands and leads to work disability. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of shock wave and iontophoresis in patients with CTS.

Methods

This study was conducted in 30 patients with CTS of both sexes, aged 30–50 years. The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Study group A received shock wave therapy and study group B received iontophoresis therapy.

Results

The results revealed a higher improvement in group A than in group B. In group A, there were a significant increase of sensory nerve conduction velocity of median nerve and a significant decrease of pain after treatment, while in group B, there were a less significant increase of sensory nerve conduction and less significant reduction of pain after treatment. The inter-group comparisons showed statistically significant differences in favour of group A.

Conclusions

Shock wave is more effective than iontophoresis in the treatment of patients with CTS.
CPEC and Energy Rejuvenation: A Road to Improvement
Authors: Mubarik Fauzia , Shabbir Javeria
Published: March 2021

This qualitative research study aims to investigate the role played by the established special economic zones under the program of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor to improve and upgrade the energy sector in Pakistan. The key role of China under the Joined Cooperation Committee formed in 2013 has paved ways for Pakistan to bring profound stability in the energy crisis being faced by Pakistan which is also evident from its most recent investment of 33.45 billion Rupees under the CPEC mega energy project respectively. The availability of approximately 10,000 megawatts electricity to the National Grid of Pakistan in the year 2018 is near to its accomplishment phase. However, this accomplishment poses itself many challenges that may halter the smooth reviving of the energy and power crisis. The challenge of bridging the gap between the purchase prices of the electricity distribution companies (DISCOS) and the sales revenue generated as well as the inclusion of more hydropower projects because of them being less expensive than the wind power projects respectively.
Conceptualization of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as a Service System Using S-D Logic Lens
Authors: Shafaqat Sara , Kausar Abdul Rashid , Ali Syed Ahmad
Published: March 2021

This qualitative study provides a tentative theory of university as a service system using the S-D logic lens. Presently, the universities are working under G-D logic, where the networks & entities are performing under the different agendas to contribute to the whole ecology with the approach of unilateral transfer of services/resources. However, the organizational effectiveness highly depends on actively interacting with its internal and external networks to seek valuable resources to ensure its functioning through a shared worldview. Therefore, universities need to develop an architecture of participation where actors connect and collaborate through a shared vision. The results of G-D logic-based university system revealed the dominant factors; “the behaviour of people” which is opportunistic, and “dealings” have been done in self-interest, as the system is complex and based on indirect interactions. This study presents a solution by the conceptualization of universities as service system; the propositions reveal a mechanism of resource integration through which entities and networks link resources through forming the value proposition for mutual benefits. Thereby, this mechanism may be used as “transparent check of governance” in which all the public and private university system’s constraints may be mitigated by the application of S-D logic.
Gender Mainstreaming Strategies and Human Resource Development Practices at University Level
Authors: Shah Ashfaque Ahmad , Shahzadi Uzma , Syeda Zunaira Fatima , Mehmood Ateeqa
Published: March 2021

Organizations have adopted numerous mechanisms to increase the participation of women in top management. For the purpose, organizations are adopting gender mainstreaming strategies (GEMS) for gender equality as an important aspect of human resource development (HRD) practices. The present quantitative survey was to explore the perception of employees about gender mainstreaming strategies reflected through human resource practices at the university level. The population of the study was all regular teachers of the University of Sargodha. In the wake of limited resources of time and finance, a convenient sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 teachers (35% of the population). The study adopted a standardized research instrument of an international labor organization (ILO) of the United Nations (UN) to assess GEMS and HRD practices at university. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 23. No gender difference was found in (1) Gender Balance and Equal Pay, (2) job description and terms of reference, (3) Recruitment Procedures, and (4) staff appraisals. Specificity in taking one university was the strength of this study which was the main limitation (besides convenient sampling) to generalize its findings. It implied greater awareness among the stakeholder in order to enhance the quality of the learning organization i. e. university. It was the first-ever study at the university level in the local context. This study recommended that the university administration should have better awareness and understanding of GEMS for recruitment and their ensuing work assignments.
Morphological Pattern of Endometrial Biopsy in Women with Clinical Diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Khurram Nosheen , Ghumman Nasim Aslam , Yusuf Noshin Wasim
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the underlying gynecological pathology with help of morphological pattern of the endometrial histology in women of different age groups with clinical diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a series of one hundred and twenty cases of women with presenting complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding. This study was done in the Department of Pathology, Rashid Latif Medical College, in collaboration with Gynecology departments of Arif Memorial Hospital and Hameed Latif Hospital over period of one year. (July 2018 to June 2019). One hundred and twenty cases of endometrial curettage, with clinical impression of abnormal uterine bleeding were analyzed and reported by two histopathologists. Patients with complications of pregnancy were excluded from present study. Results: Histopathological examination of endometrial curetting revealed spectrum of morphology from physiological changes to malignancy. Endometrium with normal cyclical changes were seen in 64 (53.33%) cases, followed by endometrial polyp 18 (15%) cases, endometrial hyperplasia 15 (12.5%), and disordered proliferative of endometrium 10 (8.33%) cases. Malignancy was noticed in 3 (2.5%) cases. Malignancy was diagnosed mostly in the postmenopausal age group. Conclusion: The present study proves that on routine basis endometrial histopathological evaluation is a useful diagnostic measure to determine the underlying cause of abnormal uterine bleeding which ultimately help in accurate treatment. Key Words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, polyp, hyperplasia, disordered proliferation, malignancy How to Cite: Khurram N, Aslam N, G. Wasim N.Y. Morphological pattern of endometrial biopsy in women with clinical diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Esculapio.2020;16(04):3-7.
Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic into Surgical Wound In Emergency Laparotomies: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Anwar Anum , Ahmed Hina Nabi , Bangash Lala Rukh , Arshad Farah , Nawaz Sahira , Sohail Farida
Published: March 2021

Objective: To compare mean pain score of bilateral TAP block versus infiltration of local anaesthetic into surgical wound on for emergency laparotomies. Method: Randomized control trial. Emergency Operation Theatre in Department of Anaesthesiology at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st April 2016 to 31st October 2016. Laparotomy 150 patients were arbitrarily allocated two groups Group T (receiving bilateral TAP block) and Group L (local infiltration) by random number table method after informed consent. TAP block was administered bilaterally by using 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine in group T using a 21-gauge needle with the help of “Double Pop Technique” at midaxillary point at height of umbilicus. While in group L surgical incision site was injected with 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine immediately after closure of skin. Pain was evaluated by Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6-hour interval postoperatively. Results were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and t-test was applied to compare mean pain score of two groups. Results: Mean pain score in patients receiving bilateral TAP block 3.000±0.717 were significantly reduced (p value 0.003) versus mean scores in patients receiving infiltration of local anaesthetic into surgical wound in emergency laparotomies 6.08±1.171. Conclusion: Bilateral TAP block reduced post-operative pain significantly in patients undergone emergency laparotomy. Key Words: Emergency laparotomy, TAP block, local anaesthetic, bupivacaine, post-operative pain, analgesia. How to Cite: Anwar A, Nabi H.A, Bangash L.R, Arshad F, Nawaz S. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block versus infiltration of local anaesthetic into surgical wound in emergency laparotomies: a randomized control trial. Esculapio.2020;16(04):8-13.
Attitude of Physicians and Patients towards Pharmaceutical Promotion in Healthcare: A Qualitative Study from Ethical Context
Authors: Kabir Sardar Md Humayun , Maulan Suharni , Manaf Noor Hazilah Abd , Nasir Zaireena Wan
Published: March 2021

Pharmaceutical marketers generally target physicians as their customers and patients as their consumers. Pharmaceutical promotion influence physicians significantly to prescribe branded medicines within limited norms. Patients are also influenced by pharmaceutical promotional activities within regulatory bindings. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of physicians and patients towards pharmaceutical promotion from an ethical context. The study was carried out by qualitative content analysis. Face to face interview method was applied to collect data from six physicians and six patients in the metropolitan area of Malaysia using the judgmental sampling technique. The interviews data were transcribed and analyzed systematically using Nvivo software. The findings revealed that Physicians have a positive attitude towards pharmaceutical promotion as it fulfils their need and professional knowledge. Alternatively, patients have positive as well as negative attitude and mindset towards pharmaceutical promotion. This study will help medical regulatory policymakers to better understand physicians’ ethical dilemma with pharmaceutical marketers and patients’ perception of aggressive promotional tools. It will also help the policymakers to govern further proceedings by increasing ethical practices for better healthcare.
IZIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN (TIMAH) DALAM KAWASAN HUTAN YANG DI WILAYAH KUBU KECAMATAN TOBOALI KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN
Authors: Fransisca Chatharina Yulian  , Elsi Kartika Sari
Published: March 2021

Di Indonesia banyak sekali sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui, sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui memiliki nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sumber daya alam yang  dapat diperbaharui. Secara sederhana pertambangan, adalah suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan penggalian ke dalam tanah (bumi) untuk mendapatkan sesuatu yang berupa hasil tambang (mineral, minyak, gas bumi, dan batubara). Dalam kegiatan pertambangan dapat memanfaatan tanah yang terdapat dalam Kawasan Hutan, pada prinsipnya harus sesuai dengan fungsi dan peruntukkannya, akan tetapi tidak tertutup kemungkinan penggunaannya yang menyimpang dengan fungsi dan peruntukkanya. Metode yang digunakan penelitian hukum normatif menggunakan data sekunder,diolah secara kualitatif menggunakan metode penarikan kesimpulan secara deduktif. Pertambangan  kawasan hutan harus mempunyai  Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan (IPPKH) sesuai Pasal 6 ayat (1) serta Pasal 7 PP No 24 Tahun 2010. Pertambangan timah dalam kawasan hutan di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan, diatur Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung No 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Pertambangan Mineral, untuk melakukan kegiatan pertambangan mineral timah harus memiliki Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) yang dikeluarkan oleh Gubernur, dan harus memiliki Izin Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan. Apabila tidak memiliki naik Izin Usaha Pertambangan serta tidak ada IPPKH,  dikenakan sanksi Pasal 158UU No. 4 Tahun 2009  hukuman kurungan penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp. 10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh miliar rupiah) jo Pasal 78 ayat (6) Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah).
KAJIAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI PADA USAHATANI BAWANG PUTIH DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Catur Rini Sulistyaningsih
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji besarnya biaya, penerimaan dan keuntungan usahatani bawang putih, untuk mengkaji pengaruh faktor-faktor produksi terhadap produksi bawang putih dan untuk mengkaji tingkat efisiensi ekonomi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani bawang putih. Faktor-faktor produksi yang diteliti meliputi: luas lahan, benih kemudian pupuk kandang, pupuk Urea, pupuk SP36 dan pupuk KCl. Untuk mengetahui hubungan anatara faktor produksi dengan produksi bawang putih digunakan model fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dan dianalisis dengan regresi linear ganda. Faktor-faktor produksi yang meliputi luas lahan dan pupuk kandang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi bawang putih. Sedangkan untuk faktor produksi seperti tenaga kerja, benih, pupuk Urea, pupuk SP36 dan pupul KCl tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi bawang putih. Adapun faktor produksi yang paling berpengaruh diantara faktor produksi lainnya adalah luas lahan, benih kemudian pupuk kandang, pupuk Urea, pupuk SP36 dan pupuk KCl sudah tidak efisien. Dengan demikian di dalam kombinasi faktor produksi menunjukkan alokasi faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani bawang putih belum mencapai optimal.
SUKSESKAH MAHASISWA BELAJAR ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19?
Authors: Nurbaiti
Published: March 2021

Sejak pandemi Covid-19 mahasiswa Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II menghadapi tantangan baru melalui belajar online secara penuh di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang persepsi mahasiswa tentang proses belajar yang dialaminya. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif deskriptif melalui survei dengan kuesioner, dikemas dalam googgle-form dan dikirim melalui email. Data dianalisa dengan statistik sederhana. Ada 3,4% mahasiswa yang sukses belajar online, 39% merasa tidak nyaman, 20,3% memiliki kendala internet akses, semua dapat mengakses materi belajar, dan 64,4% belajar melalui telepon pintar.
Çağdaş Epistemolojide Mistik İnançların Epistemolojik Değerine İlişkin Problemler ve Çözüm Arayışları
Authors: Akdemir-süleyman Betül
Published: March 2021

Bu makalede, çağdaş epistemolojide kabul edilen geleneksel bilgi tanımı, “gerekçelendirilmiş doğru inanç”, çerçevesinde mistik tecrübeye dayalı inançların epistemolojik değeri konusunda ortaya çıkan temel problemlere yer verilecektir. Çalışmanın amacı, tarihin farklı kesitlerinde çeşitli şekillerde konu edinilen mistik tecrübenin rasyonel tavrı ile bilinen analitik felsefede nasıl gündeme geldiğini ele almak, konuya ilişkin problemleri ve çözüm arayışlarını sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle konuya ilişkin kısa bir giriş yapılacak, ardından çağdaş epistemolojide katı delilci tavırda, tecrübeye dayalı her türlü inancın irrasyonel sayılarak dışlanmasına değinilecek, daha sonra bu tavrın zayıflayarak tecrübeye yeniden alan açılmasına, bu sayede yeniden gündeme gelen mistik tecrübeye dayalı inançların epistemolojik değerine ilişkin problemlere ve son olarak söz konusu problemlere çözüm bulmaya çalışan açıklamalardan öne çıkanlarına yer verilecektir. Böylece analitik felsefe geleneğinde hala hareketliliğini devam ettiren mistik tecrübenin epistemolojisine ilişkin tartışmalar belirginlik kazanırken, söz konusu bilgi tanımından dolayı çağdaş epistemolojide tecrübenin ne kadar sınırlı bir çerçevede konu edildiği ortaya çıkacaktır.
Strategic Approaches to obtain Financial Benefits when using Information Technology
Authors: MIRCEA Elena
Published: March 2021

This last year completely changed humanity and the life we were used to, coming with economic and social challenges. The COVID-19 outbreak reminded humanity that people are not immune to any type of catastrophe, emphasizing the importance of adaptability.
Breaking Voice Authentication – Security Testing Approach
Authors: Dziegielewska Olga
Published: March 2021

A couple of years ago, along with raising popularity of smart devices that promote voice authentication mechanisms, voice recognition became a buzz topic again.
“An Effective Multidimensional Model for Analyzing Social Web Big Data – Testing in simple Web 2.0 Applications of Internet Politics”
Authors: VAGIANOS Dimitrios , ZAFIROPOULOS Kostas
Published: March 2021

Web 2.0 applications have provided researchers with vast quantities of Big Data, opening up new horizons for developing innovative analysis techniques that are applicable in multiple cognitive fields. Politics is definitely among them and is currently in a dynamically evolving range of these applications.
Keteguhan Rekat Kayu Lapis Sengon Menggunakan Perekat Lignin-Formaldehida dengan Dua Macam Bahan Pengisi (Bonding Strength of Sengon Plywood Using Lignin-Formaldehyde Adhesive with Two Types of Fillers)
Authors: Supriadi Achmad , Santoso Adi , Pari Rohmah
Published: March 2021

Various efforts have been done to reduce the cost, such as finding a suitable mixture of fillers in the adhesive formulation. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic of lignin-formaldehyde (LF) adhesive and the effect of different content of coconut shell flour and kaolin in the adhesive of lignin on the bonding strength of sengon plywood. Coconut shell flour and kaolin filler content were varied, i.e. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The plywood of (20x20x1.5) cm3 size was prepared using a liquid lignin-formaldehyde (LF) with a glue spread of 170 g m-2 surfaces. Bonding strength of plywood was tested to determine the quality of sengon plywood. The results showed that LF adhesive was appeared as a reddish-brown liquid and there were no foreign substances, solid resin content ranges from 31.85 to 35.68%, viscosity of 1.2 poise, acidity (pH) of 11.5, and gelatinized time ranges from 24.20-25.96 minutes. The type and filler content had a significant effect on the bonding strength of sengon plywood. Increasing of the filler content tended to increase the bonding strength of sengon plywood to 30%. The bonding strength of sengon plywood produced using the content of either coconut shell or kaolin flour fillers up to 30% complied with German Standards requirement. The maximum bonding strength value was obtained on adhesives using both types of fillers as much as 10 %.
PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS TANPA AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK (SAK-ETAP) DALAM PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Supra Deswati
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan SAK-ETAP dalam penyajian laporan keuangan CV. Sukat Perkebunan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa CV.  Sukat Perkebunan belum menerapkan dengan baik dan benar Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK­ETAP).
PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS: ANÁLISE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIOECONÔMICO DE AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES
Authors: Barreto Santana Murilo , de Oliveira Ferreira Bruno , Santana de Souza Risia Kaliane
Published: March 2021

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) além de gerar segurança alimentar a uma parte da população brasileira melhora as condições financeiras dos produtores familiares. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo examinar a contribuição do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) no desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos agricultores rurais da Cooperativa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agricultura Familiar do Sul da Bahia (COOFSULBA). Os dados foram coletados via pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e aplicação de questionários. Por meio de análise qualitativa o estudo demonstra a importância do PAA no desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos agricultores. Foi identificado que a implantação do programa melhorou a renda dos beneficiários e permitiu melhores condições de acesso a educação, saúde e transporte. Conclui-se que o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, considerando o caso estudado, cumpriu importante função social e econômica que refletiu diretamente na qualidade de vida dos associados.
Social work in confinement: the spatiality of social work in carceral settings
Authors: Richter Marina , Emprechtinger Julia
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Social work in prisons not only works with and for people who are confined; it also constitutes a form of social work that is carried out under conditions of confinement. This article draws on carceral geography to understand the corporeal and spatial aspects of social work in prison settings. Based on insights from two prisons in Switzerland, we argue that understanding carceral social work as a spatial and materially situated practice helps to gain deep insight into the intricate layers of meaning and powerful modes of functioning of prisons and of the people involved. In particular, it shows how the way social work is carried out in prison is supported and strongly structured by the spatiality of the prison itself, allowing for counselling, desk-type social work, rather than for social work that actively initiates and creates spaces for encounters or activities.
Addendum of Sheikh Muhammad Baha-ud-Din Naqshband in the ‘Principles of Naqshbandi Sufi Order’ and its Effectiveness in accomplishing Psychological and Spiritual Advancement
Authors: Zulqarnain Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Sufi Orders played a significant role in the religious, moral and spiritual development of people. Particularly, Naqshbandi Sufi Order gained distinguished fame around the globe due to its complete compatibility with Quran and Sunnah and abstain from invented heresies. One of the prominent Sufi Masters of Naqshband “Sheiek Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani” introduced eight principles for spiritual enhancement. Shah Baha-ud-Din Naqshband added three more principles which were being recognized “Principles of Naqshbandi Sufi Order”. This research paper was designed to explore the effectiveness of these three of its eleven basic principles: Temporal pause (وقوف زمانى), Numerical pause (وقوف عددى), and Heart pause (وقوف قلبى). Qualitative and descriptive research approach was employed in this research for the analysis of data. For clear and better understanding, the article was divided into three sections. The first section gave a brief introduction to famous orders of Sufism, Second explained the Principles of Naqshbandi Sufi order formed by Sheikh Abdul Khaliq Gujdwani, Third looked into addendum of Hazrat Baha-ud-Din in the Naqshbandi principles and explored its effectiveness in psychological and spiritual advancement. The systematic review of literature concluded that these principles played a significant role in psychological, ethical and spiritual enhancement. On one hand they made a strong link between man and Allah in terms of Tawheed, love, and unshakeable trust while on the other hand, provided an opportunity of self-purification from wrong emotions, desires and sinful inclination which ultimately led towards good morals as well as promotion of social peace. It is therefore suggested that religious scholars in general, and Masters of Naqshbandi Sufi order should strictly advise their followers to follow these principles in order to get psychological and spiritual benefits.
Perspectives Sufism Social In Remediation Crisis Moral In Humans Modern
Authors: Ishmah Nihayatul
Published: March 2021

Urgency science of Sufism is to foster moral self- humans both in the affairs of the world and the affairs of the Hereafter later . The problem is related to morals or behavior possessed by humans. Modern society will tend to hold opinions and behave freely because all humans have the same rights and do not distinguish degrees or power. Such freedom can affect changes in human behavior which can also lead to deviant behavior in terms of religion. This freedom encourages society to be individualistic, materialistic and hedonism. The implementation of Sufism can be applied as a moral guidance for modern society to keep on doing world worship with the worship of the hereafter as well. Balance in life will happen well.
Exploration of Ngawi Batik Ethnomatematics to Unlock Philosophy Values and Mathematics Concepts
Authors: Fathikhin Nurul , Wijayanti Pradnyo
Published: March 2021

Ethnomathematics is mathematics that is developed and applied by certain cultural groups by local culture by considering other knowledge, one of the cultures that developed in Ngawi is Batik. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of the ethnomathematics of Ngawi batik in UMKM Widi Nugraha and a description of the use of ethnomathematics in Ngawi's typical batik in mathematics learning. To achieve these objectives, researchers used qualitative research methods with ethnographic methods. The results show that Ngawi batik has several philosophical values, namely the history of the name Ngawi which is reflected in Ancient Human batik with a combination of bamboo motifs, preservation in the discovery of ancient fossils stored in the Trinil museum reflected in the batik motifs of Early Man and Batik Kawung Gading, as well as there are flora and fauna found in Ngawi such as, Srigati Series batik and, Teh Jamus batik. In terms of the use of ethnomathematics, namely as a source of information on the batik tradition of the Ngawi community and can be used as a reference in designing realistic mathematics learning in schools. This learning material is in the form of material on symmetry, transformation, and congruence
NGROWOT FASTING URGENCY IN TASAWUF PERSPECTIVE AND HEALTH SCIENCE
Authors: Zahro Alvin Nur
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ngrowot fasting is one of the fasting traditions of Java (kejawen) which is based on the Javanese calendar, with the intention to increase metaphysical spiritual power. Perpetrators of fasting may eat as normal days, but are restricted not allowed to eat from the basic ingredients of rice, can be replaced with tubers, corn, yams. This study aims to determine the urgency of fasting ngrowot in the perspective of Sufism with the relationship in health science. The method used in this research is library research which takes data from books, journals, magazines, documents or pure library research related to the object of research. Suarni's research results, 2009 showed that corn contained food fiber, essential fatty acids, isoflavones, minerals, b-carotene, essential amino acid composition, and others. The fasting of ngrowot perspective of sufism and health science can cause the fasting person to ngrowot his soul to be calmer and more enthusiastic to carry out worship to Allah SWT.
“Asyhurul Hurum” Tirakat Education in Exact Science Perspectives, Social, Psychology.
Authors: Hartono Djoko , Jannah Roudlotul , Azizah Nilatul
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Everyone, especially students from the Jagad 'Alimussirry Surabaya Islamic Boarding School, is indispensable for everyone, especially the students of the' Alimussirry 'Jagad Islamic Boarding School. Tirakat is studied from the perspective of exact science, social, and psychology. Tirakat is applied to train students to improve emotional intelligence, improve the brain's working system, and increase the sense of empathy for others. This research uses a cognitive paradigm with a qualitative approach. Literature review and interview methods were used to obtain research data. Interviews were conducted with 15 students. The results of this study state that inexact science, Tirakat Asyhurul Hurum can increase concentration in learning, increase metabolism, and increase immunity. Socially, Tirakat Asyhurul Hurum can increase feelings of empathy for others and Tirakat Asyhurul Hurum. psychologically able to increase emotional intelligence in a person.