bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Nanomaterials
Authors: Gungure Abel Saka , Jule Leta Tesfaye
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials, detailing their definitions, unique properties, and diverse applications. It begins by explaining the fundamental concepts and classification of nanomaterials, emphasizing their distinctive characteristics such as high surface area, quantum effects, and enhanced reactivity. The discussion covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocomposites. The chapter also explores various applications in fields such as medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental protection. By offering insights into the synthesis, properties, and potential uses of nanomaterials, this chapter lays the groundwork for understanding their transformative impact on science and technology.
Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Photocatalysis
Authors: Tasisa Yonas Etafa , Muniappan Gunasekaran , Krishnaraj Ramaswamy , Kena Senbeto
Published: October 2024

The remarkable features of nanotechnologies have made them extremely valuable in the domains of photocatalysis and catalysis because of their remarkable advancements in selectivity and efficacy. Nanomaterials are versatile materials that can be electronically, optically, and structurally modified to improve their performance in catalytic application. Some recent developments in nanotechnology have led to atomic-level understanding of many mechanisms underlying nanocatalysis and photocatalysis such as surface imperfections, electron transports, and photon captures. This chapter shows how nanomaterials have transformed catalysis and photocatalysis process which may change energy conversion methods through environmentally friendly techniques for environmental protection including pollution prevention and chemical manufacturing processes. It is also a possibility that continued evolvement in nanotechnology will provide answers to global issues related to the development of sustainable energy sources.
Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrolyte for Battery and Supercapacitor
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Mukherjee Shweta , Das Avirup
Published: October 2024

Over the past few decades, solid polymer electrolytes have been widely used in battery and supercapacitor applications, due to the improved features of polymer nanocomposite materials. This chapter comprehensively discusses various electrolytes and their synthesis methods, particularly emphasising on polymer nano composite-based electrolytes. In addition, a thorough description of the ion transfer process in several polymer nanocomposite-based systems has been provided. Finally, a discussion on different constraints in electrolytes based on polymer nanocomposites and their probable solution has also been addressed.
Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Das Niharika , Panda Subhraraj , Das Dipan Kumar , Nayak Santanu Kumar , Parthasarathy Siddharth , Kirgiz Mehmet Serkan , Patnaik Padmaja
Published: October 2024

Polymer nanocomposites and nanostructured polymers represent a transformative frontier in materials science, merging polymers with nanoscale fillers to enhance mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. This chapter delves into the synthesis, characterization, and applications of these advanced materials, highlighting their unique structural attributes and multifunctional capabilities. By examining various nano fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles, the chapter elucidates their role in improving polymer matrix properties. Key topics include fabrication techniques, interfacial interactions, and the impact of nano structuring on material performance. The chapter also explores the burgeoning applications of polymer nanocomposites in fields such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and biomedical engineering, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize product design and functionality. The chapter aims to provide a foundational understanding of the principles and progress in the field of polymer nanocomposites and nanostructured polymers.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials
Authors: Manikandan Durairaj , Gandhi Veeramalai Chinnasamy Sathish , Venkatesan R. , Nellaiappan T. Arun
Published: October 2024

Mechanical and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites are studied for industrial applications, particularly in automotive and aerospace. Polymer composites with nanoscale fillers have improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and conductivity. Mechanical properties were tested using tensile, impact, flexural, and fatigue, while thermal properties were measured using TGA and DSC. Composites with nanofillers like carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles had improved tensile and impact resistance. High-performance applications require thermal stability and conductivity, which nanocomposites provided. The materials' reduced flammability made them suitable for aerospace applications. Overall, polymer nanocomposites outperform traditional polymers in mechanical and thermal properties. They improve fuel efficiency and sustainability in automotive and aerospace due to their lightweight and durability. Sustainable multifunctional nanocomposites for industrial use should be the focus of future research.
Synthesis and Fabrication Techniques for Nanomaterials
Authors: Etafa Yonas , Elangovan Sampandam , Legesse Kebede , Chewaka Misganu
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and fabrication of nanomaterials have garnered large consideration due to their exceptional properties and potential applications across various fields such as electronics, medicine, and energy. This chapter highlights the key techniques engaged in the production and fabrication of nanomaterials, categorizing them into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down techniques, including mechanical milling, lithography, and laser ablation, focus on breaking down bulk materials into nanoscale structures. In contrast, bottom-up methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel processes, and self-assembly, occupy the assembly of atoms or molecules to form nanostructures. The chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of each method, emphasizing factors like scalability, cost, and environmental impact. Future perspectives on the development of novel fabrication methods and their integration into industrial applications are also presented, highlighting the ongoing evolution of nanomaterial technology.
Nanomaterials for Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Gobinath Mirunalini , Ramaswamy Shanmugam , Roychowdhury Parikshit , Dutta Subhajit , Shekhar Amit Patil , Ambrish V. , S. P. Dhanabal
Published: October 2024

The development of potent and efficacious vaccinations is an essential task for preventing infectious diseases and reducing the global burden of the disease. Nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to design and deliver vaccines with improved immunogenicity, stability, and other properties. Nanomaterials play multifaceted roles in immunomodulation. The delivery of antigens via nanomaterials such as carbon-based, lipid, polymeric, fiber-based, metallic, and other newer technologies has a certain edge of enhanced bioavailability, a controlled release profile, and even enabling processes such as single, multitargeting, and imaging. This chapter highlights the advancements and history of nanomaterials, including their development, structures, methods for preparation, mechanisms for immunogenicity, advantages as carriers, excipients, or a tool for improving current vaccination methods. In addition to the above, this chapter also deals with the benefits of nanomaterials over traditional vaccine delivery and the challenges faced in their development.
Advanced Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Several Health Issues Using Nanotechnology
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Ramaswamy Shanmugam , Mirunalini G. , Bejjanki Shruthi , Roychowdhury Parikshit , Hemachandra S.
Published: October 2024

Despite its advances in medicine, cancer still remains elusive for most of the conventional therapies because the medications are applied to healthy tissues as well; traditional procedures frequently result in significant adverse effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the role of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and treatment. The chapter explores both passive and active targeting techniques as well as the mechanics behind medication delivery using nanoparticles. Therefore, the potential of nanotechnology to improve biomarker detection and cancer imaging is investigated. Furthermore, the prospect of nanotechnology for co-delivery of numerous therapeutic drugs into a single nanocarrier and combination therapy is investigated, emphasising the synergistic benefits and improved therapeutic results possible with this strategy. Overall, this chapter emphasises how much nanotechnology may do to enhance cancer outcomes by offering focused, effective, and least intrusive treatment options.
Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Dubey Sachi , Lohakar Sharayu , Kulkarni Sunil Jayant , Goswami Ajaygiri K.
Published: October 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered attention as an effective solution for anti-microbial food packaging. Agri-food waste should be viewed as a source of valuable products, paving the way for a zero-waste economy. With special qualities that may greatly improve the quality and safety of packaged food items, this chapter examines the various ways in which silver nanoparticles have revolutionized food packaging and enhanced food safety and quality standards. Silver nanoparticles' antibacterial qualities have been thoroughly investigated and used to prevent microbial development on food surfaces, increasing shelf life and lowering the risk of foodborne infections. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles' barrier qualities help to maintain the nutritional value, taste, and freshness of packaged goods, assuring customer pleasure and positive health effects. This food waste is used as green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It is envisaged to minimize the pollution and promote green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
Current Waste Management Practices in Rural Tourism
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Chaithanya K. , Sethumadhavan R. , Chandel Pankaj Singh , Indolia Umakant
Published: October 2024

Rural tourism has increasingly gained prominence as a strategy for economic development and sustainability in rural areas, offering opportunities to diversify income sources, promote local culture, and conserve natural resources. However, the rapid growth of rural tourism also presents significant challenges, particularly in the realm of waste management. Understanding these challenges is crucial for ensuring that the benefits of rural tourism do not come at the expense of environmental degradation or diminished quality of life for local residents. Rural tourism, defined as travel to non-urban areas to experience rural life, natural landscapes, and cultural heritage, can provide numerous advantages to rural communities. It can stimulate local economies by creating jobs, supporting small businesses, and encouraging investment in infrastructure. Additionally, rural tourism can foster cultural exchange and promote environmental stewardship by raising awareness about conservation issues and the value of preserving traditional practices.
Preserving Paradise
Authors: Pahwa Nancy , Sharma Kapil
Published: October 2024

Many rural communities around the world face both environmental challenges and economic benefits as a result of the rapid development of rural tourism. This chapter focuses on the critical issue of waste management in these areas and highlights the need for sustainable practices to preserve the natural beauty that attracts tourists. Growing tourism puts a heavy burden on rural communities, which are often characterized by natural landscapes and cultural history. This leads to the production of a large amount of waste. In this chapter, the main points of waste problems related to rural tourism, their environmental impacts, and sustainable solutions are discussed.
Successful Local Experiences in Waste Management of Rural Destinations in India
Authors: Basak Ayan , Pathania Ritesh , Banerjee Suprabhat
Published: October 2024

India, with its diverse geography and population, faces unique challenges in waste management, especially in rural areas. However, numerous rural destinations have implemented innovative and successful waste management practices, setting examples for sustainable development. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) directly impact human health and have far reaching consequences when ignored. India is one of the fastest developing economies, but when it comes to WASH indicators, it continues to lag behind. With a population of over 1.2 billion, there is a mounting and urgent need to address sanitation. Solid and Liquid Waste Management1 (SLWM) is one of the key components of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) (G), launched with the objective of bringing improvement in cleanliness, hygiene and the general quality of life in rural areas. This chapter explores some of these successful local experiences, highlighting the strategies, community involvement, and outcomes.
A Policy-Centric Analysis of Strategic Framework for Waste Management in Uttarakhand's Rural Tourist Areas
Authors: Dhaundhiyal Chandramauli , Dhaundiyal Nulaa , Bisht Surender Singh , Vinayak Siddhi
Published: October 2024

Uttarakhand state in the IHR has diverse geographical settings and natural attractions. The tourism-driven state faces significant waste management challenges amplified by the steady increase of tourist activities. This study investigates the varied waste management approaches in Uttarakhand's tourist locales, highlighting distinct operational challenges and infrastructural capacities. This paper categorizes these areas based on their specific waste management responses, aiming to tailor these classifications to government policies to optimize waste management efficiency. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative stakeholder interviews with quantitative waste management data, the research provides an in-depth evaluation of existing disposal systems and their policy alignment. The results underscore urgent need for policy adaptations that cater to the distinct needs, advocating for community-focused initiatives. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable tourism by offeringinsights that can guide similar regions in optimizing waste management practice.
Transportation of Hazardous Waste in Rural Touristic Areas
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Satyanarayana Pamarthi , Reddy Kotakinda. Balaji Nanda Kumar , Das Abhijeet , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: October 2024

Hazardous waste transportation in rural touristic areas presents unique challenges and complexities that are critical to address to ensure environmental protection and public safety. Rural touristic areas, often characterized by their remote locations, limited infrastructure, and fluctuating population densities due to seasonal tourism, face particular difficulties in managing the safe and efficient transport of hazardous materials. These challenges are compounded by the need to protect the natural beauty and ecological integrity of these destinations, which are integral to their appeal and economic viability. Understanding Hazardous Waste in the context of rural tourism is essential for effective management. Hazardous waste includes any waste material that is dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. This can encompass a wide range of substances, from chemicals and pesticides used in local agriculture to waste generated by tourism facilities, such as cleaning agents, batteries, and electronic waste.
Developing Integrated Waste Management Systems for Eco-Friendly Tourism in Rural Areas of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Singh Amrik , Sharma Rajan
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines how integrated waste management systems are being developed in rural Himachal Pradesh with an emphasis on eco-friendly tourism. It deals with the growing problems associated with disposing of rubbish in well-liked but ecologically delicate tourist locations. The chapter offers a comprehensive strategy that incorporates waste reduction, segregation, recycling, and community involvement by evaluating current waste management techniques and finding shortcomings. Case studies from significant rural areas shed light on projects that have been effective and emphasize the role that stakeholders and local government play in promoting sustainable practices. The results highlight the need for a unified framework of policies and proactive community involvement in order to attain long-term sustainability. The implementation of integrated waste management systems, the chapter concludes, not only improves the overall tourism experience but also mitigates environmental impacts, positioning Himachal Pradesh as a model for sustainable rural tourism.
Implementing Sustainable Waste Disposal Solutions in Rural Touristic Regions
Authors: Jasrotia Aruditya , Maheshwari Alka , Ngelambong Anderson , Singh Pramendra
Published: October 2024

The burgeoning tourism industry in rural regions often brings with it significant challenges in waste management, posing a threat to the natural environment and local communities. This chapter delves into the critical issue of sustainable waste disposal in rural touristic areas, with a particular focus on the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. Renowned for its pristine landscapes and cultural heritage, Spiti Valley faces increasing pressure from tourism-related waste, necessitating innovative and sustainable waste management practices. This study aims to explore the existing waste disposal mechanisms in Spiti Valley, identify the key challenges, and propose sustainable solutions that can be effectively implemented in similar rural touristic regions. This research will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current waste management practices and their impacts.
Waste Management Outlook and Future Directions in Rural Touristic Areas
Authors: Shukla Ankit , Yadav Nagendra , Khunasathitchai Kongkiat , Bakshi Ishan , Sharma Neha
Published: October 2024

Waste management in rural touristic areas is an increasingly critical issue as these regions face unique challenges due to the influx of visitors and the environmental sensitivity of their ecosystems. This chapter explores the current outlook and future directions for waste management in these areas, emphasizing the need for sustainable and innovative approaches. The primary challenges in waste management within rural touristic areas include inadequate infrastructure, limited financial resources, and the impact of seasonal tourism, which often leads to a significant increase in waste generation. These challenges are exacerbated by the lack of awareness and engagement among local communities and tourists regarding proper waste disposal practices. As a result, improper waste management can lead to severe environmental degradation, including soil and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and the decline of natural attractions that are vital to the tourism industry.
Tilak Richard Weerasooriya (1950-2022)
Authors: Mendis S
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
COVID-19 slightly reduced family resilience, coping, and disaster preparedness in ISTIFAR’s Lombok study
Authors: Sriyono Sriyono , Zulkarnain Hakim , Proboningsih Jujuk , Kurnia Kiki A.
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal impact of ISTIFAR programme (Islamic-Based Training for Family Resilience) to the family state of coping, resilience and disaster preparedness on longitudinal observation. A quasi-experimental design was employed with pre- and post-test intervention group only. The sample size was 63 families that survived the earthquake, which sampled using purposive sampling. The sampling criteria were disaster survivor, head of household, Muslim and mentally healthy. The variable was pre- and post-observation of coping, family resilience and disaster preparedness, with confounding factor of stress. The interview performed by structured questionnaire. The data analysed with Mann–Whitney U test and ordinal regression (α 0.05). The result was a statistical difference between the observation of 6 months prior and follow-up but a slight decline in all variables mean. In detail, coping (p = 0.000), family resilience (p = 0.000) and the disaster preparedness (p = 0.023). There was no statistical correlation between the coping, family resilience and the disaster preparedness towards pandemic stress (p = 0.747). Islamic-Based Training for Family Resilience positively impact coping, resilience and disaster preparedness, albeit slight declines over 6 months, but no evident correlation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stress.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the effectiveness of authentic disaster preparedness facilitated through ISTIFAR among vulnerable families. It suggests that enhancing resilience, particularly concerning disaster preparedness and, notably, amids the COVID-19 pandemic, can be achieved through authentic local methodologies. The grounded approach proves beneficial, indicating that interventions within communities should not be universally applicable but tailored to leverage local community wisdom.
Advanced tumour-induced osteomalacia secondary to sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour
Authors: Van Wijk Monica , Janse van Rensburg Leon , Berndorfler Bianca D. , Opperman Johan F. , Grobbelaar Johan , Afrogheh Amir H. , Versveld Sarah , Davis Razaan
Published: October 2024

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours (PMT) are rare, benign lesions and the most common tumour to cause tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), a paraneoplastic syndrome. Patients frequently exhibit severe osteomalacia, accompanied by multiple fractures, which significantly impair their quality of life. Complete surgical resection is curative.Contribution: A rare case of sinonasal PMT is presented, with a focus on the imaging findings and role of the radiologist and nuclear physician.
Recovery and Its Correlates Following Intervention in Depression
Authors: Verma Kanupriya , Singh Thiyam Kiran , Gupta Nitin
Published: October 2024

Background:

Recovery connotes the act of regaining or returning to a normal or usual state of health. When it comes to recovery in depression, recovery is usually defined as sustained remission. The process of recovery from depression is influenced by a wide variety of factors such as internalized stigma and self-esteem.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to find out the longitudinal effectiveness of intervention on the process of recovery, self-esteem, and internalized stigma in depression.

Sample and Design:

A longitudinal and comparative research design was employed in the study. Consecutive sampling was employed to recruit 30 participants fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were distributed into two groups – Group 1 (pharmacological treatment) and Group 2 (pharmacological treatment along with psychotherapeutic treatment).

Results and Conclusion:

Results indicate that patients provided with combined treatment showed a significant increase in clinical and personal recovery. There was a significant improvement in “Connecting and Belonging” subdomains of personal recovery. No significant differences were observed for internalized stigma and self-esteem.
Vaccination Perspectives and Preventive Practices against COVID-19 among In-school Adolescents in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Fehintola Funmito Omolola , Olorunmoteni Oluwatosin Eunice , Seun-Fadipe Champion , Mosaku Kolawole S. , Komolafe Morenikeji A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The ongoing covid-19 pandemic has affected all including adolescents. While the knowledge about preventive practices seems to have improved steadily among adolescents. Their perception of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing the infection seems to have been less explored. This study assessed the adolescents’ perception of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with the preventive practices for COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A multistage sampling technique was employed. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 467 respondents. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with COVID-19 preventive practices among respondents. The association was determined using a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 5% was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

More than half of our respondents (58.2) were females. The mean age ± SD of the respondents was 15.0±1.8 with about two-thirds (69.8%) being in the middle adolescence category. About two-thirds of the respondents had good knowledge about COVID-19. Only half of the respondents had a positive perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. The predictors of good preventive practices for covid-19 infection were perception about the COVID-19 vaccine and good knowledge of COVID-19 infection (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

The study concludes that there is a need to improve adolescents’ perception towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the practice of its prevention in schools. Efforts towards improving COVID-19 perception among adolescents are likely to lead to increase vaccine coverage and enhance prevention of COVID-19 spread.
α2β1 Integrin specific inhibitor BTT-3033 promotes paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Babaei Zeinab , Amani Mahdi , Minaiyan Mohsen , Ghorbanhosseini Seyedeh Sara , Aghaei Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose:

The new plan of using molecular targeted agents in combination with cytotoxic drugs may represent a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. Hence, we examined whether α2β1 integrin-specific inhibitor, BTT-3033, could modulate the susceptibility of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel (PTX).

Experimental approach:

Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with BTT-3033 and different concentrations of PTX. To determine the mechanisms involved in the PTX/BTT-3033 combination-induced cell death, cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and caspase-3 activity were evaluated.

Findings/Results:

Both BTT-3033 (≥ 1 μM) and PTX (≥ 0.01 μM) suppressed the proliferation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells in a concentration-related manner. Pretreatment with BTT-3033 (1 μM), followed by PTX-induced synergistic antiproliferative effects, decreased the IC50 values of PTX from 0.45 to 0.03 μM in OVCAR3 and 0.35 to 0.02 μM in SKOV3 cells. All of the coefficients of drug interaction for various PTX and BTT-3033 combinations were found to be less than 1. Moreover, PTX/BTT-3033 combination induced more apoptotic cells (from 4.2% to 87.0% in OVCAR3 and 2.4% to 88.5% in SKOV3) than PTX alone. Combination therapy also decreased MMP and increased the caspase-3 activity. Additionally, we found that the PTX/BTT-3033 combination enhanced ROS production in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells.

Conclusion and implications:

BTT-3033 has demonstrated the ability to enhance the susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to PTX by inducing MMP loss, ROS production, and mitochondrial apoptosis, therefore this combination therapy might represent a promising strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Novel SARS-COV2 poly epitope phage-based candidate vaccine and its immunogenicity
Authors: Hasani Sharareh Mohammad , Behdani Mahdi , Amirkhani Zohreh , Rahimmanesh Ilnaz , Esmaeilifallah Mahsa , Zaker Erfan , Nikpour Parvaneh , Fadaie Mahmood , Ghafouri Elham , Naderi Shamsi , Khanahmad Hossein
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose:

The global emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted widespread concern. Bacteriophages have recently gained attention as a cost-effective and stable alternative for vaccine development due to their adjuvant properties. This study aimed to design and validate a poly epitope composed of viral proteins.

Experimental approach:

SARS-CoV-2 proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, envelope, papain-like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) were selected for analysis. Immunoinformatic methods were employed to predict B and T cell epitopes, assessing their antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Epitopes meeting criteria for high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were linked to form poly epitopes. These sequences were synthesized and cloned into pHEN4 plasmids to generate Poly1 and Poly2 phagemid vectors. Recombinant Poly1 and Poly2 phages were produced by transforming M13ΔIII plasmids and phagemid vectors into E. coli TG1. Female Balb/c mice were immunized with a cocktail of Poly1 and Poly2 phages, and their serum was collected for ELISA testing. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) testing was performed on spleen-derived lymphocytes to evaluate immune system activation.

Findings/Results:

Recombinant Poly1 and Poly2 phages were produced, and their titer was determined as 1013 PFU/mL. Efficient humoral immune responses and cellular immunity activation in mice were achieved following phage administration.

Conclusion and implication:

Poly epitopes displayed on phages exhibit adjuvant properties, enhancing humoral and cellular immunity in mice. This suggests that phages could serve as adjuvants to bolster immunity against SARS-Cov-2. Recombinant phages could be applied as effective candidates for injectable and oral vaccine development strategies.
Association of psychological distress with health-related quality of life in Asian adolescents seeking obesity treatment
Authors: Ng Wang Chin Eileen , Khaider Khairunisa Binte , Fan Qiao , Chew Chu Shan Elaine
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

There is limited research on the psychosocial health of Asian adolescents undergoing obesity treatment. Our study examined the predictors of psychological distress, disordered eating and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these adolescents and the associations between them.

Methods:

A total of 82 adolescents aged 11–17 years were recruited from the Weight Management Clinic in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between June 2022 and January 2023. Participants completed the following questionnaires: (a) Young Person’s Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (YP-Core) assessing for psychological distress, (b) Children’s Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT) evaluating for disordered eating behaviours, and (c) Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) measuring HRQoL.

Results:

Participating adolescents had a mean body mass index of 31.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2. Of the participants, 40% reported significantly symptomatic psychological distress (YP-Core score ≥14) and 16% were at risk of eating disorders (ChEAT score ≥20). A higher YP-Core score was the only significant determinant of poorer HRQoL, after controlling for demographic variables and ChEAT scores. Malay (regression coefficient: 6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–12.6, P = 0.031) and Indian (regression coefficient: 8.9, 95% CI: 3.8–14.0, P = 0.001) adolescents were more likely to report disordered eating and psychological distress, respectively, as compared to Chinese adolescents. Adolescents whose parent(s) had obesity (regression coefficient: 3.4, 95% CI: 0.1–6.7, P = 0.043) were also more likely to experience greater psychological distress.

Conclusion:

Understanding the determinants of psychological distress, disordered eating and HRQoL will facilitate targeted screening and management of the psychosocial complications of adolescent obesity.
$L^p$
regularity of the Bergman projection on the symmetrized polydisc
Authors: Huo Zhenghui , Wick Brett D.
Published: October 2024

We study the

$L^p$

regularity of the Bergman projection P over the symmetrized polydisc in

$\mathbb C^n$

. We give a decomposition of the Bergman projection on the polydisc and obtain an operator equivalent to the Bergman projection over antisymmetric function spaces. Using it, we obtain the

$L^p$

irregularity of P for

$p=\frac {2n}{n-1}$

which also implies that P is

$L^p$

bounded if and only if

$p\in (\frac {2n}{n+1},\frac {2n}{n-1})$

.
Horosymmetric limits of Kähler–Ricci flow on Fano $\mathbf{G}$-manifolds
Authors: Tian Gang , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: October 2024

We prove that on a Fano

\mathbf{G}

-manifold

(M,J)

, the Gromov–Hausdorff limit of the Kähler–Ricci flow with initial metric in

2\pi c_{1}(M)

must be a

\mathbb{Q}

-Fano horosymmetric variety

M_{\infty}

which admits a singular Kähler–Ricci soliton. Moreover,

M_{\infty}

is the limit of a

\mathbb{C}^{*}

-degeneration of

M

induced by an element in the Lie algebra of the Cartan torus of

\mathbf{G}

. A similar result can be proved for Kähler–Ricci flows on any Fano horosymmetric manifolds. As an application, we generalize our previous result about the existence of type II singularities of Kähler–Ricci flows on Fano

\mathbf{G}

-manifolds to Fano horosymmetric manifolds.
Unitary braided-enriched monoidal categories
Authors: Dell Zachary , Huston Peter , Penneys David
Published: October 2024

Braided-enriched monoidal categories were introduced in the work of Morrison–Penneys, where they were characterized using braided central functors. The recent work of Kong–Yuan–Zhang–Zheng and Dell extended this characterization to an equivalence of 2-categories. Since their introduction, braided-enriched fusion categories have been used to describe certain phenomena in topologically ordered systems in theoretical condensed matter physics. While these systems are unitary, there was previously no general notion of unitarity for enriched categories in the literature. We supply the notion of unitarity for enriched categories and braided-enriched monoidal categories and extend the above 2-equivalence to the unitary setting.
Effects of Head Restraint (HR) Interference on Child Restraint System
(CRS) Performance in Frontal and Far-Side Impacts
Authors: Mansfield Julie A.
Published: October 2024

Forward-facing child restraint systems (FF CRS) and high-back boosters often
contact the vehicle seat head restraint (HR) when installed, creating a gap
between the back surface of the CRS and the vehicle seat. The effects of HR
interference on dynamic CRS performance are not well documented. The objective
of this study is to quantify the effects of HR interference for FF CRS and
high-back boosters in frontal and far-side impacts. Production vehicle seats
with prominent, removeable HRs were attached to a sled buck. One FF CRS and two
booster models were tested with the HR in place (causing interference) and with
the HR removed (no interference). A variety of installation methods were
examined for the FF CRS. A total of twenty-four tests were run. In frontal
impacts, HR interference produced small but consistent increases in frontal head
excursion and HIC36. Head excursions were more directly related to the more
forward initial position rather than kinematic differences caused by HR
interference. In far-side impacts, HR interference did not have consistent
effects on injury metrics. Overall, these results suggest only slight benefits
of removing the HR in frontal impacts specifically. Caregivers should use
caution if removing a vehicle HR to ensure that the current child occupant and
all future vehicle occupants have adequate head support available in case of a
rear impact.
Numerical computation of cut off wave number in polygonal wave guide by eight node finite element mesh generation approach
Authors: Shivaram K. T. , Yogitha A. M. , Rajesh S. M. , Kumar N. Mahesh
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a two-dimensional, eight-noded automated mesh generator for precise and efficient finite element analysis (FEA) in microwave applications. The suggested method for solving the Helmholtz problem employs an optimal domain discretization procedure. MAPLE-13 software's advanced automatic mesh generator was developed specifically for this work. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, three distinct waveguide structures are analyzed, with the results compared to the best available analytical or numerical solutions. The findings indicate that the proposed method yields highly accurate and efficient finite element results, particularly for waveguide structures containing singularities. In microwave applications, this method can significantly enhance energy transmission efficiency.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Fernandes Allysson Barbosa , Leal Juliane da Silva Conceição , Gervásio Gláucia Regina Amorim , Nascimento Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves do , Picanço Rosana de Jesus dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho explorou o papel fundamental das estratégias de metodologias ativas no ensino superior à distância, destacando seu impacto na promoção de um ambiente educacional mais dinâmico e engajador. Tendo como objetivo geral analisar o impacto das metodologias ativas no ensino superior à distância, focando no engajamento dos alunos e no aprimoramento do processo de aprendizagem. pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e documental, que envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de buscas na internet por meio das plataformas Google Acadêmico e SciELO. As metodologias ativas, como a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos, Aprendizagem Colaborativa e Sala de Aula Invertida, foram discutidas em relação ao uso de plataformas como o Google Meet e o Moodle. As vantagens das metodologias ativas incluem o aumento do engajamento dos alunos, o desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais e a promoção de uma aprendizagem mais significativa e contextualizada. No entanto, o trabalho também identificou desafios, como a necessidade de preparação dos professores, o acesso a recursos tecnológicos adequados e a adaptação dos alunos a novos métodos de aprendizagem. Apesar dos obstáculos, a implementação eficaz de metodologias ativas em ambientes de ensino à distância oferece uma oportunidade valiosa para transformar a educação superior, capacitando os alunos a se tornarem participantes ativos no processo de aprendizagem, preparando-os para os desafios do mundo atual e futuro.
LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE ALOJAMIENTO TURÍSTICO, EN PARTICULAR LOS HOTELEROS
Authors: Sola Teyssiere Javier
Published: October 2024

SUMARIO: 1. LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE ALOJAMIENTO TURÍSTICO 1.1. Delimitación 1.2. Tipología de los establecimientos de alojamiento y clasificación administrativa 1.2.1. Tipología de establecimientos 1.2.2. Clasificación administrativa de los establecimientos de alojamiento 1.3. Requisitos de infraestructura, seguridad y medio ambiente 1.4. El principio de unidad de explotación 1.5. Establecimientos en régimen de propiedad horizontal 1.6. Compatibilidad en el mismo inmueble de distintos grupos o tipos de alojamiento 1.7. La prohibición de sobrecontratación 1.8. Acceso y permanencia en los establecimientos 2. LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS HOTELEROS 2.1. La regulación y el objetivo de calidad 2.2. Clasificación de los establecimientos hoteleros 2.2.1. Grupos 2.2.2. Categorías 2.2.3. Modalidades 2.2.4. Especialidades 2.3. Símbolos identificativos de la clasificación 2.4. Requisitos de los establecimientos hoteleros 2.4.1. Requisitos comunes 2.4.2. Requisitos específicos en función del grupo y categoría 2.4.3. Exenciones o dispensas 2.5. Reglas relativas a su funcionamiento BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Peran Firman Tuhan di 1 Tim 4:12 pada Gereja GBI Betlehem - Duta Bandara dalam Mengatasi Gap Komunikasi Antargenerasi: Studi Kasus Gen Z dan Generasi X
Authors: Purwanta Yafet Indah , Hutagalung Desideria , Anggreiny Marcella
Published: October 2024

Kesenjangan komunikasi antargenerasi merupakan salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh gereja modern, dalam hal ini secara khusus adalah kesenjangan komunikasi dalam hubungan antara Generasi Z (lahir antara 1995 – 2010) dan Generasi X (lahir antara 1930 – 1980). Kedua generasi ini sering mengalami kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi secara efektif karena perbedaan nilai, pengalaman, dan preferensi komunikasi mereka. Generasi Z, yang lahir dan tumbuh di era digital, cenderung sangat bergantung pada teknologi dan bentuk komunikasi yang cepat dan instan, sedangkan Generasi X lebih menyukai interaksi tatap muka yang lebih konvensional. Beberapa catatan buruk yang terjadi adanya gap yang dirasa sudah pada tingkat mengganggu, Berdasarkan pengajaran Alkitab yang terdapat dalam 1 Timotius 4:12, yang menekankan pentingnya kepemimpinan dan teladan di kalangan kaum muda, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi aplikasi ayat firman ini, dan dituangkan dalam peran gereja  menjembatani kesenjangan komunikasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, yang berfokus pada sebuah gereja urban yang beragam. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen gereja terkait program-program intergenerasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran gereja dalam mengatasi tantangan komunikasi ini dapat diwujudkan melalui program-program strategis seperti inisiatif mentoring, kelompok diskusi antargenerasi, serta penguatan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah yang relevan dengan tantangan komunikasi saat ini. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya peran pemimpin gereja dalam membina hubungan yang sehat dan inklusif antar generasi, serta menghargai kontribusi unik yang dapat diberikan oleh setiap generasi kepada kehidupan dan misi gereja
Práticas educativas para um desenvolvimento sustentável: abordagens, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Prates Alzira de Oliveria , Vergara Ana Cláudia Souza Batista , Marques Juliana Batista Candido
Published: October 2024

A Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS) é essencial para preparar cidadãos para os desafios ambientais e sociais do século XXI. Este estudo investiga práticas educativas que promovem a sustentabilidade, enfatizando a integração de temas ambientais nos currículos escolares e a importância de metodologias ativas, como a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e a resolução de problemas reais. A pesquisa destaca o papel das tecnologias verdes e inovações na redução da pegada ecológica das instituições educacionais. Além disso, aborda os desafios na implementação da EDS, como a capacitação docente, resistência institucional e limitações de recursos. Políticas públicas e diretrizes, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais, são analisadas para compreender como apoiam a integração da EDS. Estudos de caso de escolas que adotaram práticas sustentáveis são apresentados para ilustrar o impacto positivo dessas abordagens. O estudo conclui com recomendações para expandir a EDS, sugerindo novas abordagens pedagógicas e estratégias para fortalecer a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento na área. A EDS é vista como um investimento crucial na formação de cidadãos comprometidos com um futuro sustentável.
Kur an-ı Kerim deki Muhsin Kavramının Bazı Kavramlarla Münasebeti
Authors: Ural İlknur
Published: October 2024

Kur’an’ın kilit kavramlarından birisi olan ihsan, Cibril hadisinin de etkisiyle İslam ahlakında önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. İhsan en genel ifadeyle, “iyilikte bulunmak ve yaptığını en güzel bir şekilde yapmaktır.” Muhsin ise iyilikte bulunan, yaptığı her işi layıkıyla yerine getiren ve bu tavrını da “Allah’ı görüyormuş” bilinciyle gerçekleştiren kimsedir. Kur’an’ın önemle üzerinde durduğu bu kavrama, ayetlerde müslim, mümin, sâbir, müttaki, sâlih ve muhlis kimseler eşlik etmektedir. Yüce Kelâm’ın muhsin kavramına atfetmiş olduğu önem, onun daha iyi anlaşılması gerçeğini de gözler önüne sermektedir. Bundan dolayı, bu çalışmada, muhsin kimselerin anlamsal olarak aralarında bir benzerlik olduğu düşünülen müttaki ve sâlih kimselerle münasebeti ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmamız kapsamı gereği muhsin kimselerin özelliklerinden sayılabilecek sâbir ve muhlis vasıfları da değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bununla birlikte teslimiyette ve imanda bir kemal noktası olan muhsinliğin müslim ve mümin kimselerle ilişkisi de izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamıza, ihsan kavramının çeşitli açılardan analizi yapılarak başlanmıştır. Araştırma, çalışmanın temel kavramı olarak kabul edilen muhsin isminin ve münasebetli olduğu diğer kavramların anlamsal karşılıkları izah edilerek devam etmiş, son olarak da elde edilen veriler ışığında, muhsin kavramının kendisine eşlik eden vasıflarla münasebeti ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Riding Samuel Huntington s Waves of Democracy: Unveiling the Middle East s Path and Egypt s Democratic Quest
Authors: Ismaılı Flamur , bayar erdal
Published: October 2024

This study explores the complex dynamics of democratization in the Middle East, with a particular focus on Egypt. Through an in-depth analysis of Egypt's political evolution, the paper examines the historical, social, and economic factors that have shaped its struggle for democratic governance. The research highlights the pivotal moments in Egypt's recent history, including the Arab Spring and its aftermath, to illustrate the challenges and opportunities faced by the country in its quest for democracy. By contextualizing Egypt's experience within the broader Middle Eastern landscape, the study provides insights into the region's unique political environment, the role of external influences, and the interplay between authoritarian legacies and democratic aspirations. The findings underscore the importance of addressing structural impediments, fostering inclusive political participation, and ensuring the protection of civil liberties to pave the way for sustainable democratization in Egypt and the wider Middle East.
A General Perspective on a Digital Bibliographer as an Element of an Electronic Bibliography
Authors: Khalilova Namiya
Published: October 2024

The paper gives a brief overview of the elements that make up the structure of bibliographic activity, a human activity. The bibliographer concept, which is the primary, central, and system-forming element of contemporary bibliographic activity, has been thoroughly explained. A general explanation of the notion of a digital bibliographer, along with an outline of its primary functions and contemporary requirements, is provided. In addition, a graphic representation of the arrangement and connections between the various parts of the bibliographic activity's structure is provided. The informational and professional development of users can be facilitated and improved by digital bibliographers. Still, not much research has been done to find out digital bibliographers' perspectives on the various methods they use to accomplish this. This study aims to investigate the current state of affairs for bibliographers working in the digital sphere.
XIX-XX əsrin əvvəllərində Qarabağ və Şərqi Zəngəzurda xalq bayramları və mərasimləri (etnoqrafik-çöl tədqiqatları əsasında)
Authors: Məhərrəmova Solmaz
Published: October 2024

Məqalədə 19 ve 20 əsrin əvvəllərində Qarabağ və Şərqi Zəngəzurda xalq bayramları və mərasimlərindən bəhs edilir. Çoxəsrlik tarixə malik mənəvi mədəniyyətimizin mühüm tərkib hissəsini təşkil edən xalq bayramları rəngarəngliyi, kütləvi xarakteri və dərin məzmunu ilə daim diqqəti cəlb etmişdir. Bayramlar məzmununa görə mövsümi və dini bayramlara bölünür. Azərbaycanda, onun ayrılmaz parçası hesab edilən Qarabağ və Şərqi Zəngəzurda, eləcə də bütün türk xalqları arasında qədim tarixə malik Novruz kimi mövsümi bayramla yanaşı, Ramazan (Orucluq) bayramı, Qurban bayramı kimi dini bayramlar habelə Məhərrəmlik mərasimi keçirilmiş və indi də xalqımızın əziz bayramları kimi qeyd edilməkdədir. Bölgənin maldar əhalisi arasında hazırda unudulmuş “Xıdır Nəbi” mərasimi “qurdların bayramı” adlandırılmış və fevral ayının ortalarında 3 gün qeyd edilmişdir. Məqalədə bölgə əhalisinin bayramlara hazırlığı, bayramlarla bağlı adət-ənənələr, ayinlər, fallar və s. haqqında geniş məlumat verilir. Məqalə zəngin çöl- etnoqrafik materialları, eləcə də tədqiq olunan mövzu ilə bağlı dövri nəşrlərdə əksini tapmış tədqiqatlar əsasında yazılmışdır.