bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Debt Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan African Countries Using Various Machine Learning Tree Based Algorithms
Authors: Shackley Danielle , Dao Brendan , Othman Salem
Published: February 2024

In this work, we compared the accuracy results of a classification problem with three different models i.e. Decision Tree, Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Tree. We took a small dataset from the Kaggle repository containing four hundred and thirty-five samples. We examined each model’s choice of feature importance as well as their test and training accuracies. We found that the Gradient Boosted Tree produced the highest testing accuracy of 84%. Random forest was the second best accuracy of 83% and Decision Tree had the lowest with 82%. In addition to the accuracy, each model has a confusion matrix of the output of the testing data. Gradient Boosted Tree has the best true negative rate of 77.7% while Decision Tree has the worst true negative rate of 55.5%.
Benefits of intravenous iron supplementation in heart failure
Authors: Kotit Susy
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most frequent comorbidities in patients with heart failure (HF) and is estimated to be present in up to 80% of acute patients regardless of their ejection fraction. Randomized controlled trials have shown that supplementary intravenous iron results in improved clinical outcomes; however, the current understanding of the effects of intravenous iron on morbidity and mortality remains limited.

Study and results: The meta-analysis pooled individual participant data from three randomized placebo-controlled trials of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in adult patients (n=4,501) with heart failure and iron deficiency (CONFIRM-HF, AFFIRM-AHF, and HEART-FID). FCM therapy significantly reduced the co-primary composite endpoint of total cardiovascular hospitalizations and cardiovascular death, with a rate ratio (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98; p=0.029). FCM therapy was associated with a 17% relative rate reduction in total cardiovascular hospitalizations (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.96; p=0.009) and a 16% relative rate reduction in total heart failure hospitalizations (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.98; p=0.025).

Lessons learned: The meta-analysis shows that in iron-deficient patients with heart failure and reduced or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is associated with a reduced risk of total cardiovascular hospitalization...
Estimating critical depth and discharge over sloping rough end depth using machine learning
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Y. , Sihag Parveen
Published: February 2024

This study uses machine learning (ML) to predict the end-depth structure's discharge and critical depth (yc). Linear regression, M5P, random forest, random tree, reduced error pruning tree, and Gaussian process (GP) are the ML methods used in this investigation. The findings indicate that the radial kernel function-based GP model is most suitable compared to other applied models with the lowest root-mean-square error = 0.0021, 0.007, normalized root-mean-square error = 0.0361, 0.0516 representing mean absolute error = 0.0015, 0.004 and the highest coefficient of correlation = 0.9912, 0.9916, Legates and McCabe's index = 0.8839, 0.9026 Willmott's index = 0.9956, 0.9956, and Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency = 0.9823, 09830 for yc for the end-depth structure (yc) and discharge (Q) with the testing stage, respectively. Results of the sensitivity study indicate that the friction coefficient is the most significant input variable compared to other parameters for predicting (yc) and flow running via the thickness model's last stage (Q) using this dataset.
Risks and farmers' behavior change towards water conservation: a study in the Southeast of Iran
Authors: Ataei Pouria , Karimi Hamid , Hallaj Zeynab , Mottaghi Dastenaei Afshin
Published: February 2024

Frequent droughts in Iran have influenced farmers' social and economic lives and have entailed extensive negative consequences. This research aimed to study the process by which farmers adopt water conservation behavior and explore the intervention of perceived risks and risk attitude. This survey was conducted among farmers in the Sistan region in the southeast of Iran (N = 6,000). A sample of 361 farmers was selected by multistage cluster randomization. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was checked by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability in a pilot study and whose content validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural sociologists. The data were analyzed using mean, percentage, and structural equation modeling in the SPSSwin26 and AMOS24 software suites. The results reveal that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action influence farmers' water conservation behavior positively and significantly. Also, most components of the health belief model are influenced by farmers' perceived risks and risk attitude. It can be concluded that it is imperative to focus on socio-psychological components to promote water conservation behavior and use water scarcity-coping strategies in Iran.
Clinicians’ Decision-Making Regarding Telehealth Services: Focus Group Study in Pediatric Allied Health
Authors: Thomas Donna Claire , Litherland Eva Frances , Masso Sarah , Raymundo Gianina , Keep Melanie
Published: February 2024

Background

Many allied health services now provide both telehealth and in-person services following a rapid integration of telehealth as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about how decisions are made about which clinical appointments to provide via telehealth versus in person.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore clinicians’ decision-making when contemplating telehealth for their clients, including the factors they consider and how they weigh up these different factors, and the clinicians’ perceptions of telehealth utility beyond COVID-19 lockdowns.

Methods

We used reflexive thematic analysis with data collected from focus groups with 16 pediatric community–based allied health clinicians from the disciplines of speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, social work, psychology, and counseling.

Results

The findings indicated that decision-making was complex with interactions across 4 broad categories: technology, clients and families, clinical services, and clinicians. Three themes described their perceptions of telehealth use beyond COVID-19 lockdowns: “flexible telehealth use,” “telehealth can be superior to in-person therapy,” and “fear that in-person services may be replaced.”

Conclusions

The findings highlight the complexity of decision-making in a community-allied health setting and the challenges experienced by clinicians when reconciling empirical evidence with their own clinical experience.
Usability of Health Care Price Transparency Data in the United States: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Maleki Negar , Padmanabhan Balaji , Dutta Kaushik
Published: February 2024

Background

Increasing health care expenditure in the United States has put policy makers under enormous pressure to find ways to curtail costs. Starting January 1, 2021, hospitals operating in the United States were mandated to publish transparent, accessible pricing information online about the items and services in a consumer-friendly format within comprehensive machine-readable files on their websites.

Objective

The aims of this study are to analyze the available files on hospitals’ websites, answering the question—is price transparency (PT) information as provided usable for patients or for machines?—and to provide a solution.

Methods

We analyzed 39 main hospitals in Florida that have published machine-readable files on their website, including commercial carriers. We created an Excel (Microsoft) file that included those 39 hospitals along with the 4 most popular services—Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) 45380, 29827, and 70553 and Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) 807—for the 4 most popular commercial carriers (Health Maintenance Organization [HMO] or Preferred Provider Organization [PPO] plans)—Aetna, Florida Blue, Cigna, and UnitedHealthcare. We conducted an A/B test using 67 MTurkers (randomly selected from US residents), investigating the level of awareness about PT legislation and the usability of available files. We also suggested format standardization, such as master field names using schema integration, to make machine-readable files consistent and usable for machines.

Results

The poor usability and inconsistent formats of the current PT information yielded no evidence of its usefulness for patients or its quality for machines. This indicates that the information does not meet the requirements for being consumer-friendly or machine readable as mandated by legislation. Based on the responses to the first part of the experiment (PT awareness), it was evident that participants need to be made aware of the PT legislation. However, they believe it is important to know the service price before receiving it. Based on the responses to the second part of the experiment (human usability of PT information), the average number of correct responses was not equal between the 2 groups, that is, the treatment group (mean 1.23, SD 1.30) found more correct answers than the control group (mean 2.76, SD 0.58; t65=6.46; P<.001; d=1.52).

Conclusions

Consistent machine-readable files across all health systems facilitate the development of tools for estimating customer out-of-pocket costs, aligning with the PT rule’s main objective—providing patients with valuable information and reducing health care expenditures.
Help-Seeking, Support, and Engagement in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Online Communities on Facebook: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Pham Sheila , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has drastically risen in recent years. For some, self-management includes the use of GDM online communities on Facebook. Such communities can fill gaps in information and support that participants are not able to access elsewhere to address unmet needs. Given the popularity of sharing information about pregnancy on Facebook and the documented benefits of diabetes online communities, the same may be true of GDM online communities.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to categorize and quantify what is being discussed in GDM Facebook groups, including informational and emotional help-seeking behavior, and how this support and engagement may be demonstrated by peers through comments and reactions.

METHODS

We sourced the data from the 2 largest Facebook groups focused on GDM in Australia. A summative content analysis was conducted on original posts across the 2 groups and coded for topics as well as help-seeking types. The coding scheme was based on the previous work of Liang and Scammon. Visible indicators of engagement, including the number of comments and “reactions,” were tabled and manually evaluated.

RESULTS

There were 388 original posts, and the analysis produced 6 topics: GDM self-management (199/388, 51.3%), GDM clinical management (120/388, 30.9%), preparing for birth (40/388, 10.3%), mental distress (35/388, 9%), birth announcement (29/388, 7.5%), and GDM journey reflections (21/388, 5.4%). Secondary coding of help-seeking type revealed more than half of the posts were informational help-seeking (224/388, 57.7%), while a small proportion were both informational and emotional help-seeking (44/388, 11.3%), and some (12/388, 3.1%) were emotional help-seeking only. Self-disclosure was identified as a fourth category, comprising almost a quarter of all posts (90/388, 23.2%). A total of 6022 comments were posted in response to the original posts, and there were 4452 reactions across all posts. Emotional help-seeking attracted the most comments per thread (mean 21.5, SD 19.8), followed by informational and emotional help-seeking (mean 20.2, SD 14.7), informational help-seeking (mean 15.6, SD 14.6), and self-disclosure (mean 14.3, SD 21.8). Across all help-seeking categories, few reactions occurred compared to comments; in contrast, self-disclosure attracted a large number of reactions (mean 9.4, SD 45.3).

CONCLUSIONS

This is one of the first studies to examine peer support in a GDM online community on Facebook. Our findings suggest that active participants’ needs around information and support in relation to GDM are being somewhat met by peer-led online communities. Given the practical limitations of formal health care, including the provision of ongoing social support, it is important to recognize how GDM online communities can complement formal health care and help address unmet needs.
Mediating Effects of Information Access on Internet Use and Multidimensional Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fu Liping , Liu Caiping , Dong Yongqing , Ma Xiaodong , Cai Quanling , Li Dongli , Di Kaisheng
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

With the exacerbation of population aging, the health issues of middle-aged and older adults have increasingly become a focus of attention. The widespread use of the internet has created conditions for promoting the health of this demographic. However, little is known about the effects of information access in promoting the relationship between internet use and the health of middle-aged and older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the relationship between internet use and multidimensional health in middle-aged and older adults, as well as the mediating effect of information access. Moreover, this study will explore the relationship between other dimensions of internet use (purposes and frequency) and health.

METHODS

Data were sourced from the China General Social Survey conducted in 2018. Health outcomes, including self-rated, physical, and mental health, were assessed using the 5-level self-rated health scale, the 5-level basic activities of daily living scale, and the 5-level depression scale, respectively. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between internet use and health among middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, the Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method was used to examine the mediation effect of information access. To address endogeneity issues, the two-stage least squares approach was applied.

RESULTS

In our sample, nearly half (n=3036, 46.3%) of the respondents use the internet. Regression analyses revealed that internet use was positively associated with self-rated health (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.39-1.74; P<.001), physical health (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25-1.56; P<.001), and mental health (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.49; P<.001) of middle-aged and older adults. Various dimensions of internet use positively contribute to health. In addition, information access significantly mediated the relationship between internet use and self-rated health (β=.28, 95% CI 0.23-0.32), physical health (β=.40, 95% CI 0.35-0.45), and mental health (β=.16, 95% CI 0.11-0.20). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the relationship between internet use and health among advantaged and disadvantaged groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The study showed that different dimensions of internet use are associated with better self-rated health, better physical health, and better mental health in middle-aged and older adults. Information access mediates the relationship between internet use and health. This result emphasizes the significance of promoting internet access as a means to enhance the health of middle-aged and older adults in China.
Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE) pada Wisatawan di Perkemahan Waduk Sermo
Authors: Hakim Burhan Andi Nur
Published: February 2024

Camping has recently gained popularity among tourists. However, research on camping in the Indonesian tourism setting needs to be more extensive, particularly experiential. Sermo Reservoir is a popular camping destination in Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aims to assess tourists’ camping experiences at Sermo Reservoir using Kim et al.’s (2012) Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE) scale. The study included 106 participants recruited through direct surveys of campers who had spent at least one night at Sermo Reservoir in June 2023. A reliability test was performed to determine the internal consistency of the translated scale across all samples. Descriptive quantitative analysis was also performed to determine the level of agreement among Sermo Reservoir camping tourists on each item and dimension of the MTE. The findings revealed that Sermo Reservoir camping tourists agreed on all MTE dimensions at a high to very high level. The characteristics of hedonism and refreshment received a “very high” level of agreement, followed by local culture, novelty, participation, meaningfulness, and knowledge in the “high” agreement category. The study limitations include the adaptation of the scale, which needs to be addressed and investigated further in the local context, and the inclusion of limited acceptance response alternatives. Additional limitations include the short research time, sample procedures, and data collecting, which prevent it from representing MTE in a larger population context.
“Discourse” and “Discourse Analysis”: Front-burner Notions
Authors: Janet Bamitale Balogun , Emike Acheoah John
Published: February 2024

In this study, we examine front-burner notions in two discrete terms: “discourse” and “discourse analysis”. Discourse analysis is not a new field of language study. This is why numerous notions abound therein, for the elucidation of language-related phenomena in human communication across genres. Some of the phenomena are so contentious that critical notions in discourse and discourse analysis continue to evolve. Discourse is human interaction. It has structure which is analyzed to reveal not just meanings, but also the underpinnings of such meanings. Linguistic conventions and extra-linguistic nuances underpin textual meanings to provide rich insights into the dynamics of language use in texts. A discourse analyst is interested in the discourse strategies deployed by speakers and writers for the purpose of effective communication. In this study, notions presented and examined are essentially explanative in terms of elucidating communicative strategies of language users. This view establishes the similarity between discourse analysis and pragmatics. The study concludes that discourse analysis is: context-based, functional, socially realistic, organizational structure, part of a whole, on-going communication and cross-disciplinary
Design and Analysis of Biomass Gasification Reactor
Authors: Khan Aameer
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Biomass can be utilized as a renewable source of energy through various processes, and its theory involves understanding the principles of biomass composition, conversion technologies, and environmental implications. The objective of current research is to evaluate the thermal and fluid flow characteristics of gasification reactor using CFD tool. From the CFD tool, the temperature distribution at the combustion zone, mixing zone and exit zone are evaluated. The effect of turbulent mixing in gasification is evaluated. The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis in the study of biomass gasification reactors has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing the complex processes involved. CFD simulations provide insights into the intricate interactions between biomass particles and gasifying agents, offering a detailed understanding of fluid flow patterns, temperature distributions, and species concentrations within the reactor.
Artificial Intelligence Based Virtual Assistant for Vision Impaired Person
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Verma Karishma , Ahmad Er. Asim
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This project is a brilliant example of how technology can be harnessed for a profoundly positive purpose, enhancing the quality of life for those who may face challenges in certain aspects of daily living. It's about creating a tool that complements and supports individuals rather than substituting human interaction or assistance. That sounds like an incredible initiative! Combining technologies like object detection through YOLO algorithms, speech synthesis via text-to-speech, and incorporating them into smart glasses could significantly enhance the independence and mobility of visually impaired individuals. These glasses could provide real-time information about their surroundings, enabling them to navigate and interact more confidently with their environment.
A análise sobre a perspectiva dos alimentos avoengos na realidade brasileira
Authors:   , Oliveira Vitoria Balista
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho se desenvolve a partir do devido entendimento sobre a contemplação do que o instituto de alimentos abrange, esclarecendo de quem é o papel de ser o alimentante e de quem pode ser o alimentado, bem como, as suas devidas consequências. Há a análise sobre a fixação da pensão alimentícia, eis que por mais que o termo “alimentos” remeta a apenas um vocábulo, há a integralização do valor em todos os aspectos e necessidades do alimentado. Além de esclarecer que a relação obrigacional de prestar alimentos que foram repassadas aos avós foi caracterizada visando a forma subsidiária, sendo deferida apenas na impossibilidade dos genitores em prestarem os devidos alimentos a sua prole. Desta forma, sendo a única solução o repasse aos avós, como forma de alimentos avoengos. Há a atenção necessária para o inadimplemento alimentar, que enseja a denominada “prisão civil” em face do executado, sendo preceituada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e em atuais jurisprudências e súmulas. O principal tema do artigo científico é a análise do impacto que o instituo causa na realidade brasileira, tanto para a parte alimentada (requerente) quanto para a parte alimentante (requerido), realçando os principais pontos positivos e negativos que a ação pode acarretar. O trabalho será desenvolvido utilizando o método metodológico, com a pesquisa bibliográfica.
Promising regions for detecting the overturning circulation in Atlantic Pa/Th: a model-data comparison
Authors: Scheen Jeemijn , Lippold Jörg , Pöppelmeier Frerk , Süfke Finn , Stocker Thomas F.
Published: February 2024

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a critical
component of the climate system, strongly influencing the climate via
ocean heat transport. The AMOC had different characteristics during
glacial periods and is expected to change under anthropogenic climate
forcing. To reconstruct past AMOC strength, the Pa/Th (protactinium-231
to thorium-230) ratio measured in marine sediments serves as a unique
proxy. However, this ratio reflects not only circulation changes, but
also effects from biological particle export and benthic nepheloid
layers. Therefore, it remains an open question which regions exhibit a
reliable AMOC signal in their sedimentary Pa/Th. This study, utilising
the Bern3D model and a compilation of sediment cores with 11 newly
published cores, suggests that equatorial West Atlantic Pa/Th is as
sensitive to AMOC changes as the Bermuda Rise region. Additionally, the
Pa/Th response to AMOC changes observed in part of the northern North
Atlantic, which is opposite to regions further south, is caused by
AMOC-induced changes in particle production. Cores in this region are
promising to reconstruct AMOC strength, despite exhibiting an
AMOC-to-Pa/Th relationship opposite from usual and high levels of opal.
Additional cores in the North Atlantic at 40-60°N between 1 and 2 km
depth are desirable for the application of Pa/Th. Our results suggest a
new focus of Pa/Th reconstructions on the equatorial West Atlantic and
the northern North Atlantic, which appear to be better suited to
quantify past AMOC strength.
The influence of polyvinyl alcohol concentration toward conductivity and permeability of chitosan - montmorillonite composite membrane
Authors: Rahmatulloh Arief , Hidayati Mutia , Fajaria Annisa
Published: February 2024

The composite membrane is synthesized using chitosan as a matrix membrane with montmorillonite (MMT) as a filler and modified using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The main aim of this study is to find out the influence of PVA concentration and the working temperature toward the permeability of chitosan?MMT/PVA composite membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization is performed in order to identify the interaction between the chitosan matrix and the modified MMT with PVA. The presence of new absorption at 1116.82 and 619.17 cm-1 indicated the interaction between MMT and PVA. Further, the widening of OH absorption indicated the hydrogen bond which is formed between chitosan matrix and PVA. This interaction is also demonstrated by the evenly distributed surface on scanning electron microscope (SEM) topography analysis. The thermal stability of composite membrane is determined by thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). In addition, the composite membrane containing PVA has four patterns decomposed. When the TVA is absent from the composite membrane, it has three decomposition patterns, which are shown by TGA analysis. Based on its tensile strength, the composite membrane has good mechanical properties. The proton conductivity of the composite membranes are directly proportional to the PVA concentration. On the other hand, the methanol permeability of composite membranes is inversely proportional with the PVA concentration. The highest proton conductivity was obtained with the addition of 2 % PVA of 2.94?10-4 S cm-1. Further, it also has the lowest methanol permeability with the value of 5.05?10-6 cm2 s-1. As a result, the crosslinked composite membrane chitosan? ?MMT prepared by PVA-crosslinking technique has the potential to be exploited for the direct methanol fuel cell application.
In vitro anticancer studies of a small library of cyclic lipopeptides against the human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells
Authors: Hmedat Ali , Morejón Micjel , Rivera Daniel , Pantelic Nebojsa , Wessjohann Ludger , Kaludjerovic Goran
Published: February 2024

Various cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs, 23 compounds) were tested for their antitumor potential against human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. From the fast screening (tested concentrations: 0.01 and 10 ?M) compound 10 ((12S,6S,10S,13S)-6-((R)-sec-butyl)-7-(2-(dodecylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-13-isopropyl- 82-nitro-2,5,12,15-tetraoxo-4,7,11,14-tetraaza-1(1,2)-pyrrolidina-8(1,4)-benzenacyclopentadecaphane- 10-carboxamide) was identified as active against HeLa cell line. The MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and CV (crystal violet) assays revealed at least five times higher cytotoxic potential of 10 (IC50 = 12.3?1.8 ?M, MTT; 9.4?1.5 ?M; CV) in comparison to control drug natural occurring CLP surfactin (IC50 = 64.9?0.8 ?M, MTT; 76.2?1.6 ?M; CV). The cell cycle analysis performed by DAPI (4',6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole) assay indicated the involvement of apoptosis in HeLa cell death upon treatment with 10, which was confirmed by apoptosis assay (annexin V/PI). Furthermore, during this process caspase activation could be detected (ApoStat assay, immunocytochemistry caspase-3 analysis). The flow cytometry analysis did not display induction of autophagy as a possible death mechanism in HeLa cells upon 10 treatment. The current findings could be used to design more effective CLPs based on 10 structure as potential anticancer agents.
Insight into the management of patients with melanoma in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center experience
Authors: Nikolic Jelena , Marinkovic Marija , Jovanovic Mladen , Mijatov Ivana , Lekovic-Stojanov Dragana , Kecman Stefan
Published: February 2024

Background/Aim. Despite all innovations in medicine, melanoma still has a rising incidence and high mortality and thus represents a significant challenge for the healthcare system. The pandemic of the coronavirus dis-ease 2019 (COVID-19), spanning three years, redirected healthcare resources, suspended preventive programs, and strained the healthcare system, significantly impacting melanoma management. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of melanoma patients. Methods. This retrospective study analyzed melanoma patients treated at a single tertiary care center over two distinct three-year periods: pre-COVID period (2017?2020) and the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020?2022). The following data were collected and compared: patient demographics, melanoma characteristics, time intervals from biopsy to surgery, and the share of thin and thick melanoma. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, there was a 3 0% reduction in melanoma patients compared to the pre-COVID- 19 period. The decline was most pronounced in 2020 when the state of emergency was introduced in the country. Thin melanoma percentage as a measurement of successful screening programs decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic (11.57% vs. 24.01%), while median Breslow thickness remained stable. The distribution of different histological types was consistent across both periods. The average time from biopsy to surgery remained similar between the two periods, around 40 days. Conclusion. Despite challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, melanoma remains a critical healthcare issue. This study emphasized the significance of prioritizing melanoma care in emergencies, ensuring patient identification and timely treatment in order to optimize survival and minimize treatment costs.
A Critical Analysis of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax
Authors: Polk Ryan C. , Lawson James G. , Gillette Davidson B.
Published: February 2024

The corporate alternative minimum tax, enacted as part of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, intends to impose a minimum level of taxation on profitable large corporations using financial statement income as a tax base. Although both alternative tax bases and the usage of financial statement income in taxes have a long history in the United States, the tax represents a substantial change in the current corporate tax law. Although the corporate alternative minimum tax is predicted to raise billions of dollars from a small subset of the largest corporations, its design raises concerns about long-term efficacy. In this article, we summarize the development of the corporate alternative minimum tax in light of its historical predecessors and compare its design against accepted standards of good tax policy, ultimately identifying multiple inadequacies in its construction and implementation. We conclude by making policy recommendations.

JEL Classifications: H21; H25; K34.
Spot-scanning proton therapy for early breast cancer in free breathing versus deep inspiration breath-hold
Authors: Stick Line Bjerregaard , Nielsen Louise Lærke , Trinh Cecilia Bui , Bahij Ihsan , Jensen Maria Fuglsang , Kronborg Camilla Jensenius Skovhus , Petersen Stine Elleberg , Thai Linh My Hoang , Martinsen May-Lin , Precht Helle , Offersen Birgitte Vrou
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose: Proton therapy for breast cancer is usually given in free breathing (FB). With the use of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique, the location of the heart is displaced inferiorly, away from the internal mammary nodes and, thus, the dose to the heart can potentially be reduced. The aim of this study was to explore the potential benefit of proton therapy in DIBH compared to FB for highly selected patients to reduce exposure of the heart and other organs at risk. We aimed at creating proton plans with delivery times feasible with treatment in DIBH.
Material and methods: Sixteen patients with left-sided breast cancer receiving loco-regional proton therapy were included. The FB and DIBH plans were created for each patient using spot-scanning proton therapy with 2–3 fields, robust and single field optimization. For the DIBH plans, minimum monitor unit per spot and spot spacing were increased to reduce treatment delivery time.
Results: All plans complied with target coverage constraints. The median mean heart dose was statistically significant reduced from 1.1 to 0.6 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) by applying DIBH. No statistical significant difference was seen for mean dose and V17Gy RBE to the ipsilateral lung. The median treatment delivery time for the DIBH plans was reduced by 27% compared to the FB plans without compromising the plan quality.
Interpretation: The median absolute reduction in dose to the heart was limited. Proton treatment in DIBH may only be relevant for a subset of these patients with the largest reduction in heart exposure.
The first dorsal metacarpal artery flaps versus reverse homodigital dorsal flaps for thumb reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Haifeng , Huang Yongjing , Shen Yong , Wu Ke , Zhang Zhihai , Li Qian
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This review was performed to systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of the first dorsal metacarpal artery flaps (FDMAF) and reverse homodigital dorsal flaps (RHDF) for thumb reconstruction.
Methods: All literatures, which compared FDMAF versus RHDF for thumb reconstruction, were acquired through a comprehensive search in multiple databases from inception until 31st August 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.4 software.
Results: A total of 19 articles were retrieved, comprising 396 patients in the FDMAF group and 423 patients in the RHDF group. The pooled estimates suggested that there were no significant differences in venous congestion, complications about flap necrosis and reduced range of motion (ROM) of thumb, static 2-point discrimination (S-2PD) between the two groups. On the other hand, patients in the RHDF group had less vascular crisis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15, 95%CI, 1.31–7.56), complications about poor cortical reorientation (OR = 440.02, 95%CI, 91.97–2105.27) and higher satisfaction rate (OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.33–0.96) than those in the FDMAF group.
Conclusions: The two surgical procedures were both safe and reliable since no significant differences were found in flap necrosis between the two groups. However, the patients in the RHDF group had less complications about vascular crisis, poor cortical reorientation and higher satisfaction rate. Accordingly, we thought RHDF may be more superior for thumb reconstruction than FDMAF.
Determination of the CDR (CDR1, CDR2) « Complementary- Determining Region Invertebrate Primitive Antibody from Sea Star »
Authors: Leclerc Michel
Published: February 2024

The IPA (Invertebrate Primitive Antibody) was recently discovered, in the same time of Asterias rubens lymphocytes, humoral specific immune responses and Genomic assays with the sea star IGKappa gene. or anti Horse-radish peroxidase. CDR1 and CDR2 were described in this paper. That corroborates the name of Invertebrate Primitive Antibody and not IG Like protein as it is thought by some people.
In Vitro Anticancer and Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Against Hela Cell Line and Vero Cell Line
Authors: S Shifa
Published: February 2024

The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. against HeLa cell line and to predict the therapeutic potential by investigating the cytotoxicity of the extract against Vero cell line and determining the selectivity index (SI). Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. was employed by using standard methods. Anticancer and cytotoxic activities were investigated from Centre for Advanced Research in Science using their commercial services. MTT assay was employed for the evaluation of the activities. The concentrations of the extract was 5 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml and 0.625 mg/ml. From the survival rate % inhibition was calculated and graphically the IC50 value was determined by plotting the % inhibition against the concentration of the extract investigated. Finally, the selectivity index was calculated from the IC50 values of the extract against HeLa cell line and Vero cell line. Glycoside, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, coumarin were present in the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. The IC50 value of the extract against HeLa Cell and Vero Cell were 1.00 mg/ml and 8.09 mg/ml respectively. The selectivity index was 8.09. This value indicates that the cancer cell (HeLa cells) will be killed at higher rate than normal ones i.e. the extract is more toxic for cancer cells.
Adaptação Biológica e a Evolução dos Seres Vivos na Antiguidade: a formação de professores
Authors: Gontijo Lucas , Sendin Moreira Guimarães Simone
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho trata da historicidade dos elementos presentes nas explicações filosóficas da Antiguidade, que contribuíram para a elaboração do conceito atual de adaptação biológica. Para tanto, nos aprofundamos no movimento de busca por explicações emancipadas de influências místicas e religiosas a partir do período da filosofia pré-socrática. Feitos os recortes históricos e as escolhas epistemológicas para subsidiar a discussão, trazemos a essência do pensamento acerca da forma dos organismos – que a princípio pressupunha aptidões à sua sobrevivência e reprodução – de filósofos reconhecidamente importantes para o período. Destacamos, especialmente, a crença em uma causa única para os fenômenos naturais defendia pelos jônios (séc. XVII a V a.C.); a influência das necessidades de sobrevivência na adaptação dos seres vivos discutida por Thales de Mileto (625-546 a.C.); a causa da organização da vida e a possibilidade de transformação de uma espécie em outra apontadas por Anaximandro (610-546 a.C.); a existência de uma inteligência universal que direciona a transformação dos seres vivos presente nos tratados de Heráclito (500-450 a.C.); as explicações para a constituição da matéria de Demócrito (460-370 a.C.); a influência do acaso na organização aleatória das características morfológicas dos seres vivos apresentada por Empédocles (495-430 a.C.); e, por fim, a cosmogonia de Aristóteles (384-322 a.C.) em defesa de uma força imanente responsável pela transformação dos seres vivos. Esperamos, com isso, trazer aos professores de ciências/biologia em formação, e àqueles que já atuam em sua prática docente, contribuições que desvelem aspectos relacionados à construção de conceitos fundamentais para a teoria da evolução das espécies, uma vez que esta se constitui como uma das teorias que fundamentam a Biologia enquanto ciência independente no campo das ciências da natureza.
Experimentos, elaboração e reelaborações na construção da teoria eletromagnética: linhas fisica de força, campos, paramagnetismo e diamagnetismo
Authors: Alves dos Reis João Batista
Published: February 2024

Resumo

 

Este estudo objetivou basicamente identificar as trilhas e reflexões nas interfaces da pesquisa aplicada em História da Ciência e Ensino, sobre os procedimentos teórico-experimentais na Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI), Londres de 1831 a 1854. Enfoque principal: a doutrina e a natureza dos experimentos de Michael Faraday (1791-1867) relativos às questões do uso de modelos, argumentação e das investigações presentes no Experimental Researches in Electricity (ERE), e na Lecture Observations on Mental Education (1854) e dois capítulos do autor deste estudo, intitulados: “Michael Faraday: diferentes formas de pensar o experimento” e “ ‘Anomalias de Polaridade’, novas linguagens,  a ‘físico-química’, luz e o ‘efeito coloidal’ em Michael Faraday”. Visando compatibilizar as interfaces das tendências didático-pedagógicas no Ensino e as perspectivas em História da Ciência, estratégias para a inserção da História da Ciência e Ensino, em cursos de Licenciatura e Bacharelado ênfase no estudo da estrutura e construção da teoria eletromagnética, ou seja, da importância das linhas de força física, dos campos elétrico e magnético, do paramagnetismo e diamagnetismo. Intensificou-se atenção a uma espécie de geometria rudimentar dinâmica, enfática e utilitária, avaliando as configurações e comportamento inerentes aos experimentos metodologicamente submetidos às linhas imaginárias das forças eletromagnéticas. Processos interativos, diálogos planejados, e multidisciplinares, ministrados em 4 (quatro) blocos de 15 (quinze) minutos cada e duas etapas de discussão aberta aos grupos participantes sobre a interpretação de uma fase teórica sob o olhar das emoções entre História da Ciência e Ensino para a inserção dos embasamentos teóricos, linguagem direta, dinâmica e contextualizada.

 

Palavras-chave: Eletromagnetismo; História da Ciência e Ensino; Michael Faraday
Refining expected market return estimation: fusing multiple valuation models as an approach to reducing uncertainty
Authors: Gomes Thiago Petchak
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a methodology aimed at reducing the uncertainty associated with estimating the expected market return within a bounded rationality framework. The proposed approach involves calculating the implicit rate of return using various valuation models and subsequently merging them using the Kalman Filter technique to minimize estimation errors. The contribution of this study lies in the application of the Kalman Filter, which enables the expected market return to be refined and provides a more accurate estimate by mitigating uncertainty. The ability to determine an accurately expected market return assumes critical significance in investment decision-making. Therefore, investors can utilize this methodology as a tool to enhance the precision of their investment choices. By reducing uncertainty in estimating the expected market return, this approach empowers investors to make more informed and confident decisions.
Combination of Osmotic Dehydration and Further Drying to Improve the Quality of Dried Carrots
Authors: Ranti Ranti - , Nelwan Leopold Oscar , Darmawati Emmy -
Published: February 2024

The food industry needs carrots as a processed product for dry products using drying technology to maintain product quality. The aim of the research was to examine the effect of osmotic dehydration temperature with ternary solution on the quality of carrots. The treatments studied were osmotic media temperatures of 25°C and 50°C combined with oven drying and infrared until the water content reached ±10%. Parameters measured after osmotic dehydration were loss of water and increase in solids, quality parameters after further drying were water content and post-storage quality parameters were carotenoids and rehydration test. The dehydration treatment resulted in a reduction of water of 27.25%-44.24% and addition of solids of 15.37%- 18.31%. The initial water content of carrots before osmotic treatment was 90%, the water content after osmotic at 25°C was 65.72% and 50°C was 63.29%. Combination of osmotic with oven requires 22-24 hours of drying time while infrared requires 8- 10 hours of drying time. The best carotenoid value was osmotic dehydration at 25°C followed by an oven or infrared with a value of 32.95(mg/100g)–31.94(mg/100g). Whereas at 50°C the rehydration values were in the range 271.14%-301.42% Keywords: Carrots, Infrared drying, Osmotic dehydration, Osmotic solution, Oven drying
Design and Examination of Yogurt Maker Machine with Sensor Temperature DS18B20
Authors: Yunita Dewi , Nurazis Alfi Syahri , Juanda Juanda , Nasution Indera Sakti , Satriana Satriana
Published: February 2024

Many commercial yogurt brands do not have a minimum total lactic acid bacteria count (107 CFU/g) due to long distribution with inappropriate storage condition. This leads local producers to produce yogurt. However, commercial yogurt maker machines commonly have a low capacity of 0.5 to 2 L. This study aims to design a yogurt maker machine with a capacity of 15 L with a temperature setting of 37 – 45 ℃. The design and flow system were conducted by arranging the electronic components consisting of 5V 4 channel relay, ESP32 module, DS18B20 temperature sensor, RTC, 12V fan (along with 12 VDC connecting components), 220V heater, 20×4 LCD and plugs (adapter) 220 VAC cable. The yogurt maker machine was evaluated for accuracy of temperature readings (DS18B20 sensor and thermometer), response to incubation time and plain yogurt making. The T-Test was used to compare the differences between the two types of sensors measuring instruments. The results showed that the accuracy of temperature readings using the DS18B20 sensor was better than a thermometer, with a distance scale of 0.35-0.75 ℃ (P-value ≤ 0.05). Temperature testing using milk can be carried out with a temperature range of 37-45 ℃ for 12 h. Keywords:  DS18B20, Temperature, Yogurt maker machine, Sensors
The implementation of augmented reality-based flipbook learning media in improving vocational school students' critical thinking skills in the era of society 5.0
Authors: Sabitri Zenita , Rahayu Sri , Meirawan Danny
Published: February 2024

In the era of Society 5.0, digitalization has changed the world of education and requires schools to develop creative, critical thinking skills. Vocational schools such as Vocational High Schools (SMK) play an important role in creating students who are ready to face the demands of this era. The use of learning technology, including media such as PowerPoint and modules, has become common but still needs innovation to reach the optimal level. Therefore, the implementation of virtual-based learning media is important. One of the innovations in learning media is the use of flipbooks with Augmented Reality (AR) in vocational schools. The main objective of this research is to measure the level of critical thinking skills of vocational school students. The results showed that the experimental class using Flipbook with AR achieved a significant increase in N-gain value (0.6), indicating the effectiveness of Flipbook with AR in improving students’ understanding. It can be seen from the average results of critical thinking aspects in the experimental class which has a percentage of 85%, while in the control class, it is 55%. Thus, this Flipbook with AR successfully improves students' ability in critical thinking aspects in SMK and shows great potential in the development of interactive learning technology for education.
Exploring community satisfaction in building an innovative android-based mobile survey application for people travelling to Mentawai Island
Authors: Nazarwin Nazarwin , Hasnur Juliandri , Kurniawan Edi
Published: February 2024

This research aims to develop and evaluate an android-based mobile survey application to measure passenger satisfaction with transportation service standards to Mentawai Island. The application that has been developed will help in the evaluation process so that the improvement of sea transportation services can be improved. This study used the 4D development model and involved 30 passengers of the Mentawai Fest Ship as research subjects. The research instruments used were a validation questionnaire and a practicality test. A survey of public satisfaction with transportation services to Mentawai Island using an Android-based application will be developed, implemented, and evaluated. The results show that the application effectively meets the community's needs, shows high validity, and provides a convenient feedback mechanism for users. Overall, these findings contribute to efforts aimed at improving the quality of transportation services and the overall passenger experience.