bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYZING RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES OF NEONATAL HEARING SCREENING
Authors: DESAI TRIVENI , MANTHALE AISHWARAYA , KAMATH RASHMI , SHIRSHETTY ARUNKUMAR
Published: January 2025

Objective: Neonatal hearing loss can significantly impact a child's developmental trajectory. This study evaluates the risk factors associated with neonatal hearing impairment and analyzes the outcomes of a hearing screening program at a tertiary care center.
Methods: This prospective observational study involved 1175 neonates screened for hearing loss using Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE). Data were collected on high-risk factors such as consanguinity, family history of deafness, ototoxic drug exposure, and low birth weight, and their association with screening outcomes.
Results: The prevalence of high-risk factors included consanguinity (13.53%), family history of deafness (0.17%), ototoxic drug intake (0.26%), and low birth weight (19.91%). Of those initially referred for additional testing, 50% were lost to follow-up, and 50% confirmed for further diagnostic evaluation. Associations were noted between consanguinity and referral rates, as well as a strong correlation between family history and referrals.
Conclusion: The study highlights the effectiveness of initial neonatal hearing screenings but indicates the need for improved follow-up systems to ensure comprehensive care for all neonates at risk of hearing loss.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MIPH VERSUS OPEN HAEMORRHOIDECTOMY
Authors: JAIN PIYUSH , JAIN SUNIL KUMAR
Published: January 2025

Objective: Hemorrhoidal disease is a prevalent anorectal disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Surgical intervention, including Minimally Invasive Procedure for Hemorrhoids (MIPH) and Open Hemorrhoidectomy, plays a crucial role in managing symptomatic hemorrhoids. However, the comparative effectiveness and safety of these surgical techniques remain debated.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared the clinical outcomes, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness of MIPH versus Open Hemorrhoidectomy. A total of 130 patients diagnosed with symptomatic hemorrhoids underwent either MIPH or Open Hemorrhoidectomy at our institution. Data on demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, degree of hemorrhoids, operative outcomes, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests to compare outcomes between the two groups.
Results: The study included 65 patients in each group (MIPH and Open Hemorrhoidectomy). MIPH was associated with shorter mean duration of surgery, reduced postoperative bleeding and intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stay, lower incidence of residual prolapse, faster wound healing, and quicker return to work compared to Open Hemorrhoidectomy. However, Open Hemorrhoidectomy demonstrated advantages in direct tissue visualization and precise surgical technique.
Conclusion: Minimally Invasive Procedure for Hemorrhoids (MIPH) offers several benefits, including shorter operative duration, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery, making it a viable option for patients with hemorrhoids. However, Open Hemorrhoidectomy remains a suitable alternative, particularly in cases where MIPH may not be feasible or contraindicated. Individualized decision-making, considering patient preferences and surgeon expertise, is essential in selecting the optimal surgical approach for hemorrhoidal disease.
CML- A IMPOSTER WITH MANY FACES
Authors: GUPTA ASHISH , SHEKHAWAT PRAKASH SINGH , PARASHAR RAHUL , KHANDAL AKANKSHA RAJ
Published: January 2025

Objective: The classification of chronic myeloproliferative diseases by the World Health Organisation includes eight forms of bone marrow neoplasms, including polycythaemia vera and Breakpoint cluster region-ABL viral oncogene homolog 1(BCR-ABL)-positive CML. Polycythaemia vera is diagnosed in the majority of cases (95%) only when the Janus kinase-2 mutation is present and the Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine (BCR-ABL) leukaemia viral oncogene homolog-1 rearrangement is negative.
Methods: Methods are not explicitly stated in the abstract; however, the study seems to have involved genetic testing and diagnostic evaluation to identify specific mutations and rearrangements associated with the conditions.
Results: With no Janus kinase-2 mutation, the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, and the BCR-ABL leukaemia viral oncogene homolog one fusion gene, we report a case with erythrocytosis as the main feature of chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Conclusion: The case highlights a rare occurrence in the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia where typical genetic markers of polycythaemia vera are absent, indicating the complexity and variability in the genetic landscape of myeloproliferative diseases.
A STUDY ON BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN TIRUPATI
Authors: S. PAVADHARANI , RAVIPRAKASH G. N. , K. PRASANNA LAKSHMI , N. SRIVANI , LAVANYA VALLURI ANITHA
Published: January 2025

Objective: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are defined as infections apparent within 30days of an operative procedure and most often between the 5th and 10th postoperative days. It constitutes a major public health problem worldwide; It is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection. They are responsible for increasing the treatment cost, length of hospital stays and significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the technical advances in infection control and surgical practices, SSI still continue to be a major problem, even in hospitals with most modern facilities. The present study conducted to isolate and identify microbes from pus samples collected from patients who were suspected for SSI and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati for a period of 6 mo. A total of 390 various clinical samples were collected and processed. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: Out of 390 pus/wound discharge samples processed, 132 (34%) samples were culture positive, among which 107 (81%) were Gram-negative bacilli and 25 (19%) were Gram-positive cocci. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Most common age group affected was>50yrs. Predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (73.47%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.53%) and Staphylococcus aureus (17.4%). Gram-negative bacilli showed maximum susceptibility to Imipenam, Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Amikacin and Gram-positive cocci showed 100% to Linezolid, Vancomycin.
Conclusion: SSI remains to be a significant challenge for the surgeon’s inspite of sterile surgical techniques and prophylactic use of antibiotics. Hospital infection control measures like hand hygiene, strict adherence to pre-operative measures, rational use of antibiotics and establishing active surveillance can reduce the prevalence of SSIs.
EXPLORING THE IMPACTS OF TECOMELLA UNDULATA MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON MALE RATS FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: A PATH TO REVERSIBLE MALE CONTRACEPTION
Authors: BHARTI NEHA , YADAV PRITY , KANSOTIYA ASHISH KUMAR , MALI PRATAP CHAND
Published: January 2025

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the antifertility effects of AgNPs synthesized using Tecomella undulata methanolic leaf extract in male albino Wistar rats.
Methods: The AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and ZETA potential. The antifertility effects of AgNPs were evaluated, dividing 40 male rats into five treatment Groups, G-I treated with sterile distilled water and G-II, G-III and G-IV with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. B. wt/D of T. undulata AgNPs doses for 60 days. Followed by analysis of sperm parameters, fertility, reproductive organ and body weight, testosterone assays and other reproductive health parameters.
Results: The characterization results indicated successful synthesis of AgNPs by their size, shape, crystallinity, elements and stability results. Antifertility activity of AgNPs, showed significant reductions in sperm parameters (P<0.05) and fertility, with minimal adverse effects on body weight and haematological parameters. Degenerative changes were observed in histoarchitecture of testis. Testosterone level was affected across various dose levels (P<0.01) and markedly reduction in tissue protein, cholesterol and sialic acid was observed. These parameters show a significant recovery in treatment Group-V.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that AgNPs synthesized using T. undulata possess promising antifertility potential and can be used as a promising contraceptive agent.
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: COMPREHENSIVE INSIGHTS INTO RISK FACTORS, BIOMARKERS, AND ADVANCED TREATMENT APPROACHES
Authors: JANADRI SURESH , DADMI SHREELAXMI , MUDAGAL MANJUNATHA P. , SHARMA UDAY RAJ , VADA SURENDRA , HARIBABU THIRIVEEDI
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting individuals over 60. It is a multifactorial disease driven by both modifiable factors, such as lifestyle, diet, and prior health conditions, as well as non-modifiable factors, like age, genetics, and family history. The key pathological features of AD include the buildup of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles resulting from hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. Biomarkers like amyloid β and tau protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood are essential for diagnosing and tracking AD progression. Current research focuses on developing drugs targeting multiple aspects of AD pathology, including inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and protein accumulation. These treatments aim to slow cognitive decline and neuronal damage. Given the complexity of AD, multi-targeted therapeutic approaches are being explored to enhance treatment efficacy. This review provides an overview of AD risk factors, key biomarkers used for diagnosis, and the latest advances in clinical drug development.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises: Driving Growth through Digital Transformation
Authors: Bright Reshma
Published: January 2025

Digital technology has the potential to considerably benefit India's MSME sector if the new infrastructure receives
widespread support from the government, solution providers, and, most crucially, users. In recent years, the digital landscape for
organizations has evolved dramatically, and various aspects have developed that can begin to shape the contours of a strong
digital ecosystem. The difficulties arise from dealing with a complex and diverse MSME market, which is dominated by micro
companies at various phases of development and with varying levels of digital readiness. A digital ecosystem that delivers end-toend solutions, from financial access, payments, operations, management, and even convenient skilling and knowledge sources,
would be an encouragement for enterprises to fully adopt digital technology. This paper looks at the need for digital
transformation in MSMEs and how it may help them grow. This paper takes a qualitative approach to the problem, examining it
through a literature review. Building a digital ecosystem for MSMEs can transform India's MSME sector, according to the
study. Among the critical insights needed to do this, efforts to enable small business digital transformation must include a wider
understanding of the economy.
Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic for Quantifying –IBA-HAP Conjugate in Innovative Transdermal Emulgel Formulations
Authors: Angam Kalyani
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This research presents a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)
approach that is easy, precise, accurate, and economical for the quantification off or the estimation of IBA-HAP
conjugate (IBA-HAP). The lack of a suitable ultraviolet chromophore makes the conjugate of ibandronate
Hydroxyapatite challenging. An important challenge with the absence of a chromophore impacts the process
of separation. Materials and Methods: It is challenging to preserve the Ibandronate hydroxyapatite conjugates
on traditional reversed-phase columns due to their structural makeup. Separation was achieved by column C–18
(pore size – 5 μm and column dimensions (4.6 × 250 mm). The mobile phase comprises of 0.01 M sodium
dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) and Acetonitrile at a ratio of 75:25 with orthophosphoric acid being used to
adjust the pH to 3.5 with a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 35°C column temperature. The analysis was monitored
using a photodiode array detector. Results: The results indicated a linear response (R2 = 0.9998) in the range of
0.125 μg/mL-1–6 μg/mL-1. The estimated limits of quantification were determined to be 0.167 μg/mL-1. These
techniques were then successfully used to estimate the IBA-HAP content during drug content estimation and
in vitro through dialysis membrane 60 and ex vivo studies through Rat skin. Conclusion: the developed approach
was precise, robust, sensitive, reliable, and incredibly easy. Retention times are fast and highly sensitive, rendering
them suitable for both routine and bioanalysis analyses.
Transdermal Delivery of Azilsartan: Formulation Strategies and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Devi A. Rekha
Published: January 2025

Aims: Matrix-type systems were developed in the present study by using various polymers including sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose and eudragits with various concentrations. Materials and Methods: In the present work,
an attempt has been made to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system comprising of Azilsartan
with different concentrations of sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose and Eudragit using solvent evaporation
technique. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers was studied by infrared spectroscopy.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained showed no physical-chemical incompatibility between the drug and
the polymers. The in vitro drug diffusion studies from the formulation were found to be a sustained release effect.
All the evaluation parameters obtained from the best formulation were found to be satisfactory. Conclusion: The
data obtained from the in vitro release studies were fitted to various kinetic models; it was found that drug release
follows the Peppas model release by diffusion technique from the polymer.
Green Tea’s Medicinal Benefits in Reducing Methotrexate’s Harmful Effects on the Kidneys
Authors: A. Ali Ali Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background: Hundreds of millions of people worldwide consume tea every day because it is a pleasant, wellliked,
affordable, socially acceptable, and safe beverage. Drinking green tea is linked to a lower incidence of
degenerative diseases and illnesses. Green tea has now been included to other vitamin and nutritional supplements
as a dietary supplement. Aims of Study: The purpose of our study was to assess how methotrexate (MTX)
administration affected the kidneys and how green tea protected them. Materials and Methods: There were
24 male rats split up into three groups. There were eight rats in each group, and the control untreated group
received nothing. The MTX group got one dose (20 mg/kg) MTX intraperitoneally. The last group of rats was
given a daily dosage of 36 mg/kg body weight of green tea through a gastric tube for 9 weeks after receiving
the same injection of MTX as the second group. At the end of the research, renal functioning and histological
alterations were assessed. Results: The second group’s renal architecture was clearly altered, and their serum
levels of uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were all elevated. When compared to the MTX group,
the kidney’s histological image improved in the green tea and MTX group. Conclusion: All aspects of evidence
pointed to oxidative stress as the source of MTX-induced nephrotoxicity, and green tea’s anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant properties protect the kidney from this damage. In the group receiving green tea and MTX, the
kidneys’ natural structure was largely restored.
Evaluation of Occupation Related Burnout among Nurses Professionals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Alghamdi Alya
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: The prevalence of burnout is increasing among healthcare professionals, particularly
among nurses, due to their multiple roles in healthcare. There are limited studies assessing burnout among
nurse providers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess occupation-related burnout among nurse
professionals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate
burnout among nurse providers. Nurse providers working in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh were recruited for
the study. Structured, pre-validated questionnaires were used to assess burnout among nurse professionals. Data
analysis was performed using statistical software package, version 26 (SPSS Inc., Armonk, New York, United
States). Results: A total of 120 nurses responded to the study (82.5% females) and were included in the final
analysis. Among the respondents, 74% were aged over 30 years, 67.5% were single, 47.5% of the nurses had
2–5 years of experience, while 40% had over 5 years of work experience. The findings revealed that 26.7% of the
nurses never felt emotionally exhausted because of their work, while 11.7% felt that way every day. In addition,
27.5% of the nurses agreed that working with people all day is stressful. Furthermore, 19.2% felt that their work
was breaking them down. Of the nurses in this survey, 13.3% reported feeling exhausted as soon as they saw a
new workday ahead of them, compared to 24.2% who said they never felt tired at all. Moreover, 13.3% of the
nurses revealed that they easily understood the actions of their patients every day, while 25% never understood
it easily. In addition, 15.8% of the nurses agreed that they successfully dealt with other people’s problems every
day, while 16.7% agreed that they dealt with them several times a month. Conclusion: Nurses in the current
study exhibited burnout in various aspects of their work in terms of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and
personal achievement. In today’s society, the concept of occupational burnout is increasing due to multiple factors.
Therefore, there is a need to raise understanding and awareness of management techniques for burnout among
health-care professionals, particularly nurses.
Development and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Bilayer Tablets Containing Ivabradine hydrochloride and Trimetazidine dihydrochloride
Authors: Jadhav Sagar S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Unlike conventional angina treatment medicines, newer antianginals such as Ivabradine hydrochloride
and Trimetazidine dihydrochloride displayed therapeutic potential without negative effects. However, IBH and
TMZ both have shorter half-life and require multiple dosing. Literature study revealed that bilayer tablet of
combination is not available. Hence, the objective of present research was to formulate and evaluate bilayer floating
gastroretentive tablets with IBH immediate and TMZ floating release layer. Materials and Methods: Simple
direct compression method and floating technique was employed. IBH and TMZ layer developed separately.
IBH layer prepared using Avicel-112, Klucel EXF ultra, and Vivasol/Crosscarmelose sodium while TMZ
layer developed using Kollidon SR, Benecel K 200 M, and Sodium bicarbonate. Best trials combined for the
preparation of bilayer tablet. Tablets evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters, floating
time, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time swelling index, and matrix integrity. Results: Melting point,
differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet absorbance confirmed the identity and purity of drug. Fourier
transform infrared spectrum of active pharmaceutical ingredient and drug mixture with excipients demonstrated
the compatibility. IR layer trial I-4 showed passable flow with 3 s of disintegration time in distilled water and
100% drug release within 5 min. Floating layer trial T-8 showed fair flow characteristic, 15 s FLT, >24 h of total
floating time and controlled the drug release more than 12 h without burst effect. Discussion: Preformulation
study result revealed that the both the drug are pure form and compatible. For immediate release layer, Vivasol
(Crosscarmelose) showed best disintegration and combination HPMC K200 M and Kollidon SR polymer with
sodium carbonate provided controlled release with low FLT and high total floating time. Conclusion: Based on
research findings, it can be concluded that bilayer gastroretentive tablets successfully formulated with IBH as IR
layer and TMZ as floating layer. Combination of polymer needed for drug release control with tablet floatability.
Hydrophilic polymer Benecel K200 M forms matrix channel which entrap sodium bicarbonate bubbles and tablet
become buyant while Kollidon SR and stearic acid contributes in retardation of drug release.
Optimizing Fermentation Parameters for Bioethanol Production from Areca Nut Leaves using Artificial Neural Networks and Response Surface Methodologies
Authors: Hombalimath Veeranna S.
Published: January 2025

The research covered the entire process, from collecting the Areca nut leaves to purifying the produced bioethanol.
Materials and Methods: The Areca nut leaves were pre-treated with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, followed
by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulose enzymes. The hydrolyzed biomass was then fermented by Saccharomyces
cerevisiae for 12–72 h to produce bioethanol. The produced bioethanol was purified through distillation using a rotary
flask evaporator. To optimize the fermentation process and bioethanol production, the researchers employed two
modeling approaches: Artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). Variables such
as pH, fermentation time, and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) concentration, identified from the Plackett-
Burman design, were optimized using the central composite design of RSM. Results and Discussion: The R² value
for the RSM model was 91.72%, and the adjusted R² was 84.72%. In addition, an ANN algorithm model with 3
input neurons, 10 hidden layer neurons, and 1 output neuron was developed to investigate the relationship between
bioethanol production and fermentation parameters. The ANN model achieved an R² of 99.78%, indicating higher
accuracy and reliability compared to the RSM approach. The optimal conditions for bioethanol production were
identified as pH 5.5, 60 h fermentation time, and 0.45 g of Na2HPO4. Under these conditions, the experimental
bioethanol concentration reached 36.54 g/L. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effective utilization of Areca
nut leaves, a readily available agricultural waste, to produce bioethanol. The combination of statistical and machine
learning techniques, such as ANN and RSM, allowed for the optimization of the fermentation process and the
enhancement of bioethanol yield, showcasing the potential of this approach for sustainable biofuel production.
Formulation and Evaluation of Tadalafil- Loaded Nano-Ointment and Cream for Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Authors: Somaskandan Subramanian
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The research is to prepare and characterize the tadalafil (TDL) loaded cream and nano-ointment for
the localized treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). As far now, there is no marketed topical TDL formulation
available for RP, a conventional ointment loaded with TDL was prepared which is used to compare with the TDL
cream and nano-ointment formulation. This study compares in vitro and ex vivo data for TDL-loaded cream and
nano-ointment along with the conventional ointment for the RP. Both formulations were assessed for spreadability,
as well as in vitro and ex vivo release studies and drug release kinetics models. The objective was to ascertain
which formulation is more effective for treating RP by penetrating deeper into the skin surface. Materials and
Methods: The TDL cream was prepared with a high-speed homogenizer technique and evaluated for pH, viscosity,
spreadability, and drug release studies in both in vitro and ex vivo through snake shed skin. The nanoparticles
were prepared by ionic gelation technique and characterized, then loaded into the simple ointment base and then
evaluated for pH, spreadability, and drug release studies in both in vitro and ex vivo through snake shed skin.
Results and Discussion: The TDL-loaded nano-ointment was determined to be the superior formulation when
compared to TDL-loaded cream. This conclusion stemmed from the ability of nano-ointment to sustain release for
more than 120 min, surpassing the performance of the cream. The superiority also attributed to the nano-ointment
spreadability, pH, nano-size, and longer contact time with the skin which may exhibit deeper penetration into the
skin. Conclusion: The TDL-loaded nano-ointment may provide an effective treatment for RP while potentially
reducing the systemic side effects associated with oral administration.
Plural breeding in Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) packs: how often?
Authors: Mech David
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of more than a single female breeder in North American Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) packs, i.e., plural breeding, is well known, but its incidence has not been estimated since 1982. Using winter pack size as an index to plural breeding inwolves, I reviewed the literature from North American populations least exploited by humans to assess the general incidence of plural breeding. Generally winter packs >15 were associated with incidents of plural breeding. Wolf packs preying primarily on White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and in locations south of 52°N latitude seldom exceeded 10–15. Plural breeding occurred in packs preying primarily on larger ungulates in areas mostly above 52°N. The estimated incidence of plural breeding in the overall wolf population was <15% and perhaps <10%, which is lower than a 1982 estimate of at least 20–40%. I discuss reasons why plural breeding is associated with larger prey.
From souvenirs to experiences and networking Consumer culture and intangiblization of Japanese craft tourism
Authors: Yamagishi Yukari
Published: January 2025

This chapter aims to discuss how changes in consumer culture induce transformations of commodified cultures. By exploring the case studies of Japanese craft tourism, it will be argued that a new style of craft tourism with an emphasis on experience and personal networking is on the rise. The penetration of the experiential economy has triggered not only the change of craft tourism but also the diversification of craft culture itself, namely by a phenomenon that can be called the ‘intangiblization’ (Yamagishi, 2023) of craft culture. This chapter consists of five sections. After the introduction, the next section briefly explains the trends and shifts in contemporary Japanese consumer culture and some important sociocultural contexts in which those changes have occurred. The third section discusses how the changes in consumer cultures have provoked a rise in a new style of craft tourism. By looking at the case of Takaoka Craft Tourism, it will be argued that experience and networking opportunities have been newly commodified as tourism attractions. The fourth section will capture the transformations of craft culture in today’s experience economy from three aspects: reconstruction of producer-consumer relationships; intangiblization of traditional craft culture; and democratization of traditional craft culture. The last section will be the concluding remarks. Note that the arguments made in this chapter only apply to one of the many aspects of contemporary craft tourism in Japan.
Irritation, Hedonic, and Antioxidant Activity Testing of Sunkist Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Peel-Off Gel Mask Formulation
Authors: Nofita Nofita , Sofyan Shefira , Saputra Yasir Angga
Published: January 2025

Sunkist orange peel is a rich source of antioxidants beneficial for skin protection, making it a promising ingredient in cosmetic products like peel-off gel masks. This study investigated the sensory profile, primary irritation index (PII), and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask formulations containing Sunkist orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, with a mean yield of 9.95 ± 1,2 %. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The extract was incorporated into peel-off gel mask formulations and evaluated for quality parameters (organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, and drying speed), sensory characteristics, PII, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. All formulations fulfilled the required quality standards. Sensory evaluation indicated that Formula III (FIII) was the most favored by respondents across all stages of application (before, during, and after use). The irritation index test on 25 volunteers revealed no irritation, with PII values ranging from 0 to 0.4, classifying the preparations as non-irritating. Antioxidant evaluation showed that the peel-off gel with 2% extract exhibited an IC-50 value of 23.38 ppm, categorizing it as a very strong antioxidant. These findings highlight the potential of Sunkist orange peel extract in peel-off gel masks, combining excellent antioxidant properties with favorable sensory and safety profiles. Further optimization may enhance its application in skincare products.
Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Characteristics of Powdered Goat Milk with The Addition of Fruit by Evaporation Method
Authors: Nirmagustina Dwi Eva , Khoirunnisa Aziza , Latifah Izza Fitri , Astuti Widia
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research was to determine the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of powdered goat milk with the evaporation method. The study was conducted in a Complete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The data were processed by analysis of variance and if there was an effect of treatment, Duncan's further test was carried out. The results showed that powdered goat's milk made traditionally using the evaporation method using a pan with the addition of paste/fruit juice (dragon fruit, strawberries and oranges) had an effect on the chemical and sensory characteristics of powdered goat's milk. The protein content, crude fiber and degree of acidity of powdered goat's milk (control) were lower than powdered goat's milk with the addition of paste/fruit juice, but the fat content of powdered goat's milk (control) was higher than powdered goat's milk with the addition of paste/fruit juice. The protein, fat, crude fiber and acidity levels of powdered goat's milk with the addition of fruit juice paste were respectively 13.24 – 14.52%, 21.80 – 23.97%, 1.33 – 1.92%, 0 .83 – 1.42%. The viscosity of powdered goat's milk with the addition of paste/fruit juice (2-03 – 2.41cp) was greater than the control (1.58cp). The panelists' perception of powdered goat's milk with the addition of dragon fruit paste and orange juice was better than strawberry paste.
Physical Quality Test Of Rice Bran From Different Milling In Tanah Laut District
Authors: Maulana Fajri , Fajri Fadhli , Febrina Bunga Putri , Sandri Dwi
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the physical quality of rice bran from different mills in Tanah Laut Regency. Data were collected in this research by means of observation and interviews at five different mills in Tanah Laut, namely Panyipatan, Bumi Makmur, Takisung, Kurau and Pelaihari Districts. Data collection was continued with analysis of the physical quality of the bran in the laboratory. Data was processed manually and analyzed descriptively. The parameters measured for the physical quality of rice bran are water content, pile density, pile compaction density, pile angle and specific gravity. The results of this research show that the physical quality of rice bran from different mills in Tanah Laut Regency has good criteria in terms of water content, namely: 11.18 – 13.31%; stack density 300.00 - 430.00 gram/cm3;  pile compaction density 395.04 - 693.45 gram/cm33; stack angle 32.09 - 53.85° and specific gravity 0.219 - 0.143 gram/cm3.
Livelihood Strategies and Adaptation of Sonok Cattle Farmers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Safariyah Laelatus , Zuhriyah Amanatuz , Widodo Slamet
Published: January 2025

Madura is an area in Indonesia that is well-known for its high cattle population. However, like many other industries, the Sonok cattle business in Madura has been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to determine the extent of this impact, as well as the adaptation and livelihood strategies of Sonok cattle farmers, a study was conducted in West Dempo Village, Pasean District, Pamekasan Regency. This village is the center of superior Sonok cattle and the origin of their existence. The study used descriptive statistics as its method and found that the pandemic has caused a decline in the prices of Sonok cattle and lowered the motivation of farmers to buy them. As a result, farmers have had to adapt and reduce costs wherever possible. The access to capital owned by Sonok cattle breeders, however, is relatively good and is used to form a livelihood strategy. These strategies include on-farm strategies, multiple livelihood patterns, and migration. In response to the pandemic, some farmers have also added other farm animals, such as fighting chickens, to their livelihood strategies.
Genetic Quality Improvement of Beef Cattle in Indonesia: Overview and Prospects
Authors: Rahmatillah Ririn Siti , Rahmat Dedi , Dudi Dudi
Published: January 2025

Technology for Improving the genetic quality of beef cattle is a key factor in the development of  the livestock industry in Indonesia. In recent decades, efforts have been made to improve beef cattle’s genetic quality through breeding and modern reproductive technologies. The journal aims  to present an in-depth understanding of the efforts made to improve the genetic quality of beef cattle in Indonesia and to explain prospects  in terms of breeding and reproductive technology. This article is based on reflections on recent literature and research in this field..
Efforts to Increase Farmers’ Income at Songai Rajah Hamlet through Intensification of Madura Cattle
Authors: Alfen T. Zhila Sheintika , Hayati Mardiyah
Published: January 2025

The agricultural sector, especially rice and corn commodities, has not been able to improve the welfare of farmers in Songai Rajah Hamlet. Farmers have been raising Madura Cattle for generations to survive. However, most of the maintenance of Madura Cattle is only used as a side business which is sold when needed. This study aims to analyze the maintenance management of Madura Cattle and the income level of farmers from the maintenance of Madura Cattle in Songai Rajah hamlet. The data used in this study is primary data derived from observations and interviews with farmers. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method and a quantitative method. The results showed that farmers had been able to choose good breeders, mating systems, and housing, but had not optimally implemented feed management, disease prevention, and marketing systems. However, the Madura Cattle rearing business in Songai Rajah Hamlet suffers losses due to the low scale of sales and higher costs of labor and feed. Efforts to increase the business of raising Madura Cattle can be done by buying productive age broodstock, mating cows with superior bulls or through artificial insemination (AI) with SNI, and improving the quality of agricultural waste as animal feed through a fermentation process.
The Effect of Ratio Forage and Concentrate on The Dry Matter Consumption, Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility in Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats
Authors: Akbar Khoirul , Wanniatie Veronica , Liman Liman , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of ratio forage and concentrate on the dry matter consumption, dry matter and dry organic matter digestibility in etawa crossbreed dairy goats. This research was conducted in November-December 2023 at Morgan Farm, Sukabanjar village, Pesawaran district, Lampung. The analysis was carried out in the animal nutrition and feed laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 3 replications using 9 etawa crossbreed dairy goats. The treatments used were P1 (25% casava waste forage + 75% concentrate); P2 (50% casava waste forage + 50% concentrate); and P3 (75% casava waste forage + 25% concentrate). The data obtained were analyzed for variance at a real level of 5%. The results of the analysis of variance show the ratio forage and concentrate had no significant effect (P>0.05) on dry matter consumption, dry matter and organic matter digestibility in etawa crossbreed dairy goats.
Disease Spectral Identification and Analysis on the Bark of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb)
Authors: Ayag Annie Onez , Padonat Kyra Luminarias , Minguita Kizza Eyn Sulima , Vergara Joey Arles Ongue , Jusoy Jade Capinpuyan , Casilac Jr Cornelio Sacquiap
Published: January 2025

Gmelina arborea is among the fast-growing Industrial tree plantation species currently being used as an alternative source of the decreasing supply of commercial timber from natural-growth forests. This study focuses on disease spectral identification and analysis of G. arborea bark using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Bark samples from both healthy and unhealthy bark with canker and death diseases were collected inside Caraga State University’s Main Campus. The methodology involved preparing bark extracts and measuring their absorbance over a wavelength range of 350 nm to 800 nm. The findings revealed distinct spectral signatures of healthy and unhealthy cankers, particularly with death disease, which exhibits a greater alteration in its spectral trend. The spectral trend of death-disease shows a drastic decrease in its absorption and the presence of troughs and peaks. On the other hand, the canker shows a decrease in its absorption. The severity of disease in the bark may potentially affect the behavior of the spectral trend; this is proven in the spectral trend of death-disease. The absorbance decreased, causing troughs at specific wavelengths as the presence of those diseases and their severity progressed. These findings show that spectral information from healthy and unhealthy bark can be used as an early detection method for tree diseases or stresses, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of G. arborea.
Keywords: disease identification, healthy bark, Gmelina arborea, unhealthy bark, UV-Vis spectrometry
Feeding Preferences of Subterranean Termite Schedorhinotermes javanicus on Tusam (Pinus merkusii) Wood
Authors: Kutana Agung Nugrawan , Nandika Dodi , Arinana Arinana
Published: January 2025

Wood-destroying termites are quite influential in Indonesia, and the subterranean termite Schedorhinotermes javanicus is one of them. This study was conducted to determine the feeding preferences of subterranean termites S. javanicus on tusam (Pinus merkusii) wood and the influence of their environment. The bait woods made of tusam boards were installed at the experimental site. The weight loss and consumption of bait woods were studied with three test times (one, two, three) months of burial. The subterranean termite specimens attacking the bait woods, soil characteristics, and weather at the experimental field were also identified. The results demonstrated that the average air temperature at the experimental site was 25.4 ± 0.4°C, the average air humidity reached 88.8 ± 2.4%, and the light intensity at the experimental site ranged from 175.67 lux to 3889.7 lux. The results showed that S. javanicus quite actively attacked the bait wood. This can be seen from the high weight loss (35.03%) and the wood consumption (38.78 g). The weight loss after three exposure times in the experimental field was up to 13.54%, 16.38%, and 35.03%, respectively. The wood consumption during the same experimental period reached 14.9 g, 18.25 g, and 38.78 g, sequentially. The high weight loss and the consumption of bait wood indicate the high feeding preference of the subterranean termites S. javanicus on tusam wood.
Keywords: field test, Pinus merkusii, Schedorhinotermes javanicus, weight loss, wood consumption
Karieksen ehkäisy laadunarviointi terveyskeskuksessa
Authors: Vehkalahti Miira , Rytömaa Inkeri , Helminen Seppo
Published: January 2025

Helsingin terveyskeskuksessa vuonna 1986 tehdyssä tutkimuksessa arvioitiin nuorten terveyskeskuksessa saaman hammashoidon laatua tutkimalla yksilöllisen kariesta ehkäisevän hoidon toteutumista ja kohdentumista. Hoitoa koskevat tiedot kerättiin potilaskorteista. Parhaan mahdollisen ehkäisyn kriteereinä pidettiin vastaanotolla tehtyä fluorikäsittelyä kaikille potilaille kerran vuodessa ja riskiryhmään kuuluville kahdesti sekä kaikille kariespotilaille annettua yksilöllistä suuhygienian opetusta ja omahoidon neuvontaa.
Puolet tutkituista oli saanut hampaiston fluorikäsittelyn kerran ja 5 % kahdesti. Puhdistusopetusta oli annettu 28 %:lle kariespotilaista. Vain 3 % heistä oli saanut ravintoneuvontaa. Karieksen ehkäisy ja varhaiseskarioosien pysäytyshoito oli riskiryhmissäkin riittämätöntä, vaikka siellä havaittiin suuntaus tehostettuun fluorihoitoon. Hoitosarjojen väli oli 66 %:lla tutkituista 10-14 kuukautta. Tätä lyhyempi hoitoväli oli ollut yhtä yleinen karieksen riskiryhmiin kuuluvilla ja täysin terveillä.
Karieksen ehkäisy näytti kaavamaisesti toteutetulta ja alimitoitetulta. Ehkäisyn selkeämpi kohdentaminen yksilöiden sairastumisvaaran mukaan olisi tarpeen, jotta suun terveydenhuollon kasvavat velvoitteet voitaisiin hoitaa.
Sosiaaliluokan ja sairastavuuden suhde suomalaisilla miehillä ja naisilla
Authors: Lahelma Eero
Published: January 2025

Ammatissa toimivan 35–64-vuotiaan väestöosan sosiaaliluokan ja sairastavuuden suhdetta selvitettiin vuoden 1986 elinolotutkimuksen aineistolla. Sosiaaliluokan ja sairastavuuden suhdetta tarkasteltiin erikseen miehillä ja naisilla iän, siviilisäädyn, koulutuksen, tulojen, asuinalueen ja asuinpaikan kaupungistuneisuuden avulla. Selvitettiin, miten nämä tekijät vaikuttavat tähän suhteeseen ja voivatko ne selittää tätä suhdetta. Sairastavuutta selittävään malliin lisättiin kukin tekijä yksi kerrallaan ja selvitettiin, muuttuuko sosiaaliluokan ja sairastavuuden suhde. Tutkitut tekijät selittivät jonkin verran sosiaaliluokkien sairastavuuseroja molemmilla sukupuolilla. Analyysin edetessä loppuvaiheeseen näitä eroja tarkasteltiin vakioituna kaikilla tutkituilla tekijöillä: sekä miehillä että naisilla maanviljelijöiden sairastavuus oli korkein ja ylempien toimihenkilöiden alhaisin. Miesten ja naisten sosiaaliluokittaiset vakioidut sairastavuuserot olivat edelleen suuret.
Keitä me olemme ja kenestä me koostumme
Authors: Abrahams Ray
Published: January 2025

Kirjoituksessa tarkastellaan elinsiirtoja sosiaaliantropologisesta näkökulmasta. Elinsiirroilla on yhtymäkohtia traditionaalisten yhteisöjen lankousavioliittoinstituutioon. Elinsiirtojen yhteydet sukulaisuussuhteisiin nyky-yhteiskunnassa ovat kuitenkin monimutkaisemmat. Elimen lahjoitus vaikuttaa sukulaisuussuhteisiin, mutta luo samalla uusia sosiaalisia siteitä. Esiin nousee myös kysymys yksilön identiteetistä, sen säilymisestä ja lakkaamisesta.
Terveydenhuollon opiskelijoiden ja työntekijöiden käsityksiä sairauden synnystä, ehkäisystä ja hoidosta
Authors: Suominen Sakari , Sillanpää Matti , Bäckman Guy
Published: January 2025

Vuonna 1986 toteutetussa kyselytutkimuksessa haluttiin selvittää, missä määrin lääketieteen ja sairaanhoidon opiskelijoiden mielipiteet sairauksien synnystä, ehkäisystä ja hoidosta vastasivat terveydenhuollon eri tehtävissä jo pitempään toimineiden käsityksiä.
Kaikki tutkimukseen kuuluneet 117 henkilöä opiskelivat viimeistä lukukauttaan ennen loppututkintoa. Vastaajaa pyydettiin asettamaan lomakkeessa terveydenhuoltojärjestelmä, ihmisen biologia, fyysinen ympäristö, psykososiaalinen ympäristö ja elämäntyyli oman mielipiteensä mukaiseen tärkeysjärjestykseen yhteensä 17 kansanterveystieteellisesti merkittävän sairaus- ja tapaturmaryhmän synnyssä, ehkäisyssä ja hoidossa. Alalla toimineiden mielipiteet on kartoitettu samalla menetelmällä vuonna 1982.
Opiskelijoiden ja työntekijöiden käsityksissä ei ollut eroja. Ympäristötekijöiden ja elämäntyylin huomattava osuus eri sairausryhmien synnyssä, ehkäisyssä ja hoidossa ilmeni vastaajien mielipiteistä selvästi.
Sairastavuus kunnallisissa lasten päiväkodeissa Helsingissä
Authors: Pönkä Antti , Salminen Eira , Nurmi Tuija
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa seurattiin päiväkotilasten sairastavuutta vuoden ajan 1985–1986 Helsingin kunnallisissa päiväkodeissa. Otantaan kuului 2216 lasta 29 eri päiväkodista. Keskimäärin sairausjaksoja oli 4,2 lasta kohti, alle kolmivuotiailla 7,9 ja tätä vanhemmilla 3,0. Sairauspäivien lukumäärät olivat vastaavasti 16, 32 ja 10 päivää. Yleisimmät diagnoosit olivat ylähengitystieinfektio (46,0 %), ripuli (17,2 %), keskikorvantulehdus (12,9 %), silmätulehdus (4,0 %), akuutti tonsilliitti (3,2 %) ja keuhkoputkentulehdus (3,0 %). Kuusi yleisintä diagnoosia aiheutti 86,3 % sairausjaksoista ja 80,7 % sairauspäivistä.
Voidaanko tupakkatuotteiden kysyntään vaikuttaa?
Authors: Pekurinen Markku
Published: January 2025

Artikkelissa arvioidaan tupakkatuotteiden kysyntämallit Suomessa vuosien 1960-87 aikasarjaaineistosta.Tärkein tupakkatuotteiden kysyntää säätelevä yksittäinen tekijä on savukkeidenhinta. Savukkeiden hintaa säätelemällä voidaan vaikuttaa savukkeiden ja piipputupakan kysyntään.Savukkeiden kysyntä reagoi kaksi kertaa herkemmin reaalihinnan alenemiseen (hintajousto-0.94) kuin sen nousemiseen (hintajousto -0.49). Savukkeiden kysyntä riippuu myöskuluttajien ostovoimasta (tulojousto +0.45).Tärkein piipputupakan kysyntää säätelevä tekijä on savukkeiden hinta (ristijousto + 2.1).Sikarien kysyntä selittyy tyhjentävästi sikarien hinnan muutoksilla. Tupakkalaki ja sen säätämisenyhteydessä käyty laaja tupakoinnin vastainen kampanja yhdessä mainontakiellon kanssanäyttävät vähentäneen savukkeiden kulutusta pysyvästi 6. 7 prosentilla.Tupakan hinnan korottaminen näyttäisi olevan tehokkain yksittäinen keino vähentää tupakkatuotteidenkulutusta ja tupakoinnin terveyshaittoja. Parhaaseen kokonaiskulutuksen laskuunja terveyshaittojen vähenemiseen päästäneen terveyskasvatusta tukevalla johdonmukaisellahintapolitiikalla.
Mielenterveyden häiriöiden yhteiskunnalliset kustannukset Suomessa vuonna 1985
Authors: Vinni Kari , Sintonen Harri
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa on arvioitu karkealla tasolla kaikkien mielenterveyden häiriöiden ja erikseenskitsofrenian yhteiskunnalliset kustannukset Suomessa vuonna 1985 käyttäen insidenssipohjaistatarkastelutapaa. Laskelma sisältää sekä suorat että epäsuorat kustannukset. Kustannuksiksisaatiin noin 7,2 miljardia markkaa, mikä merkitsee noin 1480 markkaa asukasta kohden .Skitsofrenian osuus kustannuksista on lähes 2,5 miljardia eli noin kolmannes.
Korkeamman asteen automaation käyttöönotto yliopistollisen keskussairaalan hematologisessa laboratoriossa
Authors: Björkqvist Stig , Kekoni Jaakko , Penttilä Ilkka , Kentta Erkki
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli verrata kahden perusverenkuvaa (pvk) automaattisesti analysoivan laitteen taloudellisuutta Kuopion yliopistollisen keskussairaalan (KYKS) laboratoriossa. Coulter Counter S - IV (CC-IV) on käsisyöttöinen n. 0,5 milj. mk maksava automaatti ja Coulter Counter S + Stacker (STKR) 1,15 milj. mk maksava analysaattori, jossa on automaattinen näytteen syöttö. Koneiden käyttöä seurattiin kymmenen arkipäivän ajan. Kustannuksiin laskettiin mukaan vain välittömät verinäytteiden analysointiin käytetyt voimavarat sekä laitteiden pääomakustannukset. Atk-kustannuksia ei otettu laskelmiin mukaan. Vertailu osoitti, että STKR on KYKS:n perusverenkuvan kysyntätasolla (jopa 450 analyysia/päivä) selvästi CCA-IV taloudellisempi. STKR:n hinta säästyy muihin tehtäviin vapautuneen työvoiman palkkakustannuksissa alle kahdessa vuodessa, kun laitteiden toimintakestävyys on arvioitu seitsemän vuotta.