bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universal Design for Learning in Assessment: Supporting ELLs with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Delaney Thomas A. , Hata Maiko
Published: August 2020

Studying English is challenging and, for many learners, undiagnosed learning disabilities can present a serious threat to their success. Recent studies indicate that up to 10% of the world population has a non-apparent disability, such as autism or dyslexia. At the same time, few English language learner (ELL) instructors in higher education have training in learning disabilities, and they are often unsure of how to support learners who seem to have extra challenges. This is especially true when it comes to assessment, as instructors often rely on traditional tools that could negatively affect the validity of the assessment outcomes. In this brief reflection, the authors share how instructors can apply the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to their assessment practices to support students with disabilities, regardless of diagnostic status. First, disabilities that affect language learning will be briefly discussed, followed by the explanation of how English to speakers of other languages (ESOL) assessments present specific challenges for students with disabilities. Then, the authors will provide an overview of UDL theory, which proposes that learners with disabilities are often best served by accommodations in representation, expression and engagement that can benefit the entire class. Most of the paper will focus on specific, practical strategies for implementing UDL within assessment in higher education. Such strategies include building executive function, implementing multi-channel assessment, and learning about students through an “evaluation loop.”
An Exploration of EFL Teachers’ Experience with Learning Disability Training
Authors: Sowell Jimalee , Sugisaki Larry
Published: August 2020

Approximately ten percent of learners have some sort of learning disability. This means that all English language instructors will encounter students with learning disabilities and could encounter students with learning disabilities in each class. Research has shown that different countries have varying degrees of infrastructure for identifying and accommodating learning disabilities. However, little research on the degree to which English language teachers in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts have received training for learning disabilities has been carried out. This study had three goals: first, to identify whether the participants in the study, all of whom were EFL instructors, had received training for identifying and accommodating students with learning disabilities; second, among the teachers who had received training, to find out specifically the types of training they had received; and finally, to find out whether training had helped these teachers develop competence in assisting students with learning disabilities. The data were collected through a survey of past and current EFL teachers. Overall, the findings revealed that the majority of English language teachers surveyed had little to no training for accommodating learning disabilities, and the majority indicated that they did not feel confident assisting students with learning disabilities. Recommendations from this study include creating greater awareness for identifying and accommodating learning disabilities in EFL contexts among administrators and teachers as well as suggestions for EFL teachers to improve their knowledge of learning disabilities independently.
“O cisne negro”. Direitos, poder e liberdade diante do silêncio da lei. Um debate teórico da primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Spinosa Alberto
Published: August 2020

Este artigo se ocupa da questão das “lacunas” da lei, na perspectiva da doutrina constitucional italiana. O que acontece quando a lei é silente e se está diante de um caso não previsto em lei? Durante o século XX, a questão das áreas não regulamentadas por lei e sua interpretação tornou-se o campo de batalha entre modelos de Estado liberal diferentes e opostos.
Multiple myeloma and AL amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pankayatselvan Varayini , Raber Inbar , Chen Alvin S. , Rathakrishnan Bharath G. , Quintero Pablo A. , Sabe Marwa A. , Freed Jason A. , Garan Arthur R.
Published: August 2020

AL amyloid cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized condition but arises less commonly with coexistent multiple myeloma. In this case report, we present a case of restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma, identified and treated using a multidisciplinary approach.
A Relevance Theory Prospective to the Twelfth Chapter of Cousin Henry
Authors: WU Zheng
Published: August 2020

Anthony Trollope, the British realist writer in the 19th century, writes Cousin Henry and this book is published in October 1879 without Chinese version yet. This work develops around the “will” dispute, presenting the conflict between the widespread social climate and the loft morals. With the guidance of the Relevance Theory, this report consists of the analysis and summary after the translation practice of the twelfth chapter of Cousin Henry, namely, Mr. Oven. This report adopts case-by-case analysis, based on the three principles of relevance theory, that is, ostensive-inferential communication, context and cognitive environment, optimal relevance. In the translation practice, it uses many translation methods, including addition method, domestication method, free translation method, segmenting method, adjusting-word-order method. These translation techniques are analyzed specifically when they are applied at the lexical and syntactic levels. By doing above-mentioned practices intend to enable the reader to get the optimal relevance and better the reading experience when he or she is reading the translation.
The Impressionistic Study of English /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ in Initial Position by L2 Thai Learners
Authors: Huang Qiandi
Published: August 2020

Although studies on English sound learning by L2 Thai learners have been widely examined, there have been no studies on the production of the English /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ sounds in the initial position by L2 Thai learners with consideration of vowel contexts, the experience of L2 learners and target sounds. The aim of this study is to examine the production of the English /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ sounds in the initial position while taking the aforementioned factors into account. The data was from 48 L2 Thai learners, and the subjects were divided into two groups of university students: English-majors and non-English-majors. The two target sounds: English /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ together with the Thai /tɕʰ/ sound were tested in 27 words (9 words for each target sound). The subjects produced the target sounds five times, and their production was transcribed by two British transcribers. The results showed that the subjects had high target-like production when producing /ʃ/ but low target-like production when producing /tʃ/. In finding the correlation between the factors and the target-like production, neither the vowel contexts nor the experience could account for the production. The only factor that relates to the production of English /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ was the target sounds, i.e. the number of the productions that was deemed non-target-like was significantly higher when the target sound was /tʃ/ than when it was /ʃ/. This suggests that the target sounds, rather than the L2 experience and the vowel contexts, play a significant role in L2 speech production.
Estudo exploratório para implementação de um espaço maker
Authors: Vieria Estela Aparecida Oliveira , Martins Ronei Ximenes
Published: August 2020

A era digital traz uma infinidade de possibilidades de acesso a informações e nos leva a questionar: como a escola se adaptará às novas demandas por aprendizado em um mundo tão rápido e desafiador? A partir deste questionamento, ao longo de dez meses um grupo de pesquisadores de uma universidade pública concebeu uma proposta de espaço maker (e-lab) para estudantes do ensino fundamental, como espaço de integração entre investigação e aprendizagem. Este relato tem por objetivo apresentar o trabalho de organização desse espaço e seus resultados preliminares. A metodologia aplicada para reunião dos dados foi a observação participante, bem como a utilização de cadernos de campo e atas de reuniões. Nas discussões, os elementos didáticos pedagógicos ressaltados foram: avaliação diagnóstica para planejar, organizar, acompanhar e avaliar atividades; atuação dos educadores em dois grupos: tutoria-coaching e tutoria-andaime com base na pedagogia por projetos e problematização; trabalho com a reciprocidade educativa a partir de valores éticos e respeito pelas diferenças, por exemplo, a diferença de idade. A criação do e-lab abrangeu aspectos técnicos, estruturais e didático-pedagógicos, mas como é proposta em implantação, será no curso da atividade, ou seja, na implementação e execução das atividades, que será possível avaliar e ajustar as metas.
Processos de investigação-ação nas pesquisas brasileiras sobre a formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores de Ciências/Biologia
Authors: Borgartz Taciara Lais , Emmel Rúbia
Published: August 2020

Este artigo analisa a importância que há em utilizar a investigação-ação na formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores de Ciências/Biologia, para promover a reflexão sobre as práticas docentes na busca por constituir investigadores ativos-críticos. Nesse viés, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender as contribuições de pesquisas de artigos produzidos no país sobre a investigação-ação/pesquisa-ação, o ensino de ciências e formação inicial ou continuada de professores de Ciências e Biologia. A presente pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, através de análise do tipo documental, realizada no Scientific Electronic Library Online, abrangendo pesquisas dos anos de 2002 a 2018. As pesquisas encontradas são das regiões sul, sudeste e nordeste, sendo que a região sudeste apresenta um maior número de pesquisas. A partir disso, por meio dos trabalhados encontrados na base de dados analisada foi possível identificar, caracterizar e reafirmar a importância de processos de investigação-ação nas pesquisas brasileiras sobre a formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores de Ciências/Biologia.
A educação escolar como um direito e as medidas socioeducativas de internação: o sujeito de direitos entre dilemas no ambiente escolar
Authors: Furtado Angelica De Oliveira , Paixão Eliana Do Socorro de Brito
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta parte da pesquisa realizada para dissertação de mestrado em 2019 e se propõe discutir a educação escolar como medida socioeducativa de internação para adolescentes autores de ato infracional, com foco na mediação pedagógica e em dilemas enfrentados pelo educador no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa foi realizada na escola instalada no Centro Socioeducativo de Internação em Macapá/Amapá, com oito adolescentes e nove educadores, foi baseada na abordagem qualitativa, adotando-se a observação participante e estrevistas semiestruturadas para coleta de dados. Entre os principais resultados destacam-se: o adolescente que comete atos infracionais é marcado como ser negativo à sociedade e o processo educacional previsto no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, como alternativa para mudança de vida, ainda está dissonante do seu propósito, em razão de deficiências na formação docente, a despeito disso os educadores imprimem dedicação e esforço para tornar o processo o menos sentenciador possível.
Skævheder og ligestilling: i ordbogen, i korpus og i samfundet
Authors: Trap-Jensen Lars
Published: August 2020

Sproget får vi i arv fra tidligere generationer. Det ændrer sig kun langsomt og er derfor fuldt af vidnesbyrd om ældre tiders opfattelser og syn på ver-den. Det gælder ikke mindst identitetspolitiske spørgsmål som forholdet mellem kønnene eller synet på de fremmede. I denne artikel ser jeg på hvordan Den Danske Ordbog forsøger at navigere mellem videnskabelighed, deskriptiv forpligtelse og et stigende krav om ligestilling og inklusion når de semantiske beskrivelser revideres og nye ord optages. Redegørelsen om-fatter både ordbogen og dens korpusmæssige beskrivelsesgrundlag, og hvor det er relevant, sammenlignes resultaterne med de tilsvarende for norske forhold.
Propositional Dynamic Logic for Planning
Authors: Benevides Mario Folhadela , De Oliveira Anna Moreira
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an on going work on Propositional Dynamic Logic PDL in which atomic programs are STRIPS actions. We think that this new framework is appropriate to reasoning about actions and plans when dealing with planning problem. Unlike, PDL atomic programs, STRIPS actions have pre-conditions and post-conditions. We propose a novel operator of action composition that takes in account the features of STRIPS actions. We propose an axiomatization and prove its soundness. Completeness, decidability and computational complexity are left as future work.
Dynamic Epistemic Logic with Assignments, Concurrency and Communication Actions
Authors: Benevides Mario Folhadela , Lima Isaque Macalam Saab
Published: August 2020

This work proposes an extension of Dynamic Epistemic Logic with Communication Actions by adding the notion of postconditions from Dynamic Epistemic Logic with Assigments to deal with boolean assignments to action models. Other concurrent logics, like Concurrent Epistemic Action Logic introduced by Ditmarsch, Hoek and Kooi, do not deal with boolean assignments. We present an axiomatization and show that the proof of soundness, completeness and decidability can be done using a reduction method.
Hegel über die verfassunggebende Gewalt des Volkes
Authors: Erdmann Max
Published: August 2020

Die verfassunggebende Gewalt spielt immer noch eine Rolle in Debatten zu Verfassungsrecht, Verfassungstheorie und Verfassungspolitik - und scheint sich doch in allen diesen Disziplinen einer zufriedenstellenden Behandlung zu entziehen. Der Beitrag nimmt die internen Probleme des Theorems zum Anlass, um die Anschlussfähigkeit der Rechtsphilosophie Hegels für den gegenwärtigen verfassungstheoreti- schen Diskurs unter Beweis zu stellen.
Synthesis Process Optimization of Polyimide Nanocomposite Multilayer Films, Their Dielectric Properties, and Modeling
Authors: Akram Shakeel , Castellon Jérôme , Agnel Serge , Habas Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2020

Polymer nanocomposite-based dielectric materials are playing a vital role in the area of electrical insulation research and developments. The nanoparticle dispersion and interface region are the crucial parts of these developments. This chapter begins with the description of physical properties and their derived nanoparticles of polyimide (PI) films. Then, the detailed synthesis process of PI/nanocomposite multilayer film and its optimization is discussed in this chapter. Several factors in the synthesis process, which can influence the quality of the film, are discussed. After synthesis, the dielectric properties such as space charge were measured, and the results are compared with single and multilayer PI/nanocomposite films. Simulations and modeling help to shed light on the experimental results and create an understanding of polymer nanocomposite properties. Therefore, the PI/nanocomposite multilayer 3D model based on boundary conditions obtained from SEM/TEM images of synthesized samples was also constructed and simulated in COMSOL multiphysics software. The nanoparticle agglomeration and the impact of nanoparticle dispersion on the electrical properties of the material are described in detail in this model. The results demonstrate that the nanoparticle dispersion is improved by using a thin layer of PI/nanocomposite on PI film. As a result, fewer space charges and low electric fields are observed in multilayer films.
Community-Oriented Graduate Medical Education: A Gandhian Approach
Authors: Swarup Garg Bishan
Published: August 2020

In the last century, there have been significant progress in the fields of health-care system and academics. The experience of implementing community-oriented medical education for more than last 5 decades at the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, based on Gandhian ideology has helped us to develop a mutually beneficial partnership with local health system and community and to discharge our social responsibility. The institute has made several innovations in its academics and health care to raise the social consciousness of medical students as well as equip them to work in rural areas. We are sharing the innovations along with our experience of working in partnership with public health system and community for their further replication elsewhere.
Chronic Migraine
Authors: Obelieniene Diana , Pestininkaite Ruta , Rastenyte Daiva
Published: August 2020

Chronic migraine as a disease was initially recognized in patients with a large burden of disability from frequent headaches and a history of prior migraines. Over time, this observation was operationalized into multiple diagnostic criteria with requirements for frequent headache days, typically 15 or more, which, on at least 8 days in a month, have the features of migraine headache. Chronic migraine affects 1–2% of the general population, and about 8% of patients with migraine. Understanding disease mechanisms still remains a challenge. Inflammation and central sensitization play significant role in the evolutive mechanisms of chronic migraine. Treatment of this condition should primarily focus on the prevention. The currently available evidence-based prophylactic treatment options are topiramate, valproic acid, onabotulinumtoxin A and recently developed promising anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Chronic migraine research is a dynamic and rapidly advancing area. New developments in this field have the potential to improve the diagnosis, to provide more personalized treatments and to reduce burden of disability.
Zr-Based Heusler Compounds for Biomedical Spintronic Applications
Authors: Birsan Anca , Kuncser Victor
Published: August 2020

Current advances in microelectronics depend on novel approaches based on the synergistic use of charge and spin dynamics of electrons in multi-functional materials. Such new concepts have already found practical applications in magnetoelectronics or spintronics (e.g., spin valves or nonvolatile memory components). For efficient spintronic devices, it is desirable to have an enhanced spin polarization, that, to work with nearly 100% spin-polarized currents. Since half metallic materials have electrons of unique spin polarization around the Fermi level (finite density of states in only one spin channel), they are promising candidates for use as spin injectors in spintronic devices. Although the Heusler compounds reported in the literature presenting half-metallic ferro/ferrimagnetism are numerous, only a few contain elements with low toxicity, as for example zirconium, being also susceptible of convenient preparation and processing. Therefore, in future, zirconium-based compounds could become a much suitable alternative to the presently known cobalt, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, or scandium-based half-metallic Heusler compounds, being of interest especially in biomedical spintronic related applications involved in corrosive/active environment.
Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm
Authors: La Barbera Francesco , Ajzen Icek
Published: August 2020

Research with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) has typically treated attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) as independent predictors of intention (INT). However, theoretically, PBC moderates the effects of ATT and SN on intention. In three studies dealing with different behaviors (voting, reducing household waste, and energy consumption) we show that greater PBC tends to strengthen the relative importance of ATT in the prediction of intention, whereas it tends to weaken the relative importance of SN. The latter pattern was observed in relation to injunctive as well as descriptive subjective norms, and it may help explain the relatively weak relation between SN and INT frequently observed in TPB studies.
İnşaat Proje Yönetiminde Sağlık ve Güvenlik Yönetim Sistemlerinin Kullanımı İçin Bir Yöntem
Authors: BİÇKES Burak , GÜRCANLI Emre
Published: August 2020

İnşaat
sektörü dünyada iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı sayısı en çok olan sektörlerin
başında gelmektedir. Yaşanan iş kazaları gerek bireylere neden olduğu zarar
açısından gerek ise iş yerine verdiği sosyal ve ekonomik zarar bakımından
oldukça fazladır. Dolayısıyla işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği adına atılabilecek
her adım iş kazalarını en aza indirgemek adına büyük bir öneme sahiptir. İş
kazalarının meydana gelmesindeki en büyük nedenlerden bazıları, işçi sağlığı ve
iş güvenliği farkındalığının yeteri düzeyde olmaması, yöneticilerin ve
kontrolörlerin güvenlik konusundaki yanlış kararları, çalışma alanındaki
karmaşıklık, araç ve gereçlerin güvensiz kullanım şekli ve emniyet
tedbirlerinin yeterli seviyede olmaması olarak sıralanabilir. Ek olarak İSİG
üyelerinin sahada gerçekleşen çalışmalardan ve inşaat iş programından
haberlerinin olmaması, proje yönetim döngüsü ile iş güvenliği yönetim
sisteminin farklı doğrularda gitmesine ve sahada iş kazalarının yaşanmasına
neden olmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak her inşaat esnasında entegre edilmiş bir
iş güvenliği yönetim sistemine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır denilebilir. Bahsedilen
sorunlara çözüm olabilmesi amacıyla bu makale kapsamında ISO 45001
standartlarına göre İSG iç tüzüğünden de yararlanılarak, inşaat iş programı ile
işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği yönetim sistemi entegre edilmiştir. Öncelikle bu
kapsamda konut projesi seçilerek, projenin iş programı çıkartılmıştır. Ardından
iş güvenliği yönetim sistemi kurulması için dört adet iş güvenliği uzmanı ile
görüşülüp beyin fırtınası metodu ile fikir alışverişi sağlandıktan sonra
gerekli belgeler ve iş güvenliği aktiviteleri çıkartılmıştır. Son olarak ise
oluşturulan iki sistem birleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sayesinde planlama,
saha ve iş güvenliği ekiplerinin koordineli şekilde çalışması hedeflenmiştir.
Evsel Katı Atık Toplama ve Taşıma İşkolunda Çalışanların İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Koşullarının Değerlendirilmesi, Ankara-Yenimahalle Örneği
Authors: GÖKYAY Orhan , ÖZER Leyla
Published: August 2020

Evsel katı atık başka bir deyişle çöp, sadece çevre kirliliği anlamında ilgilenilen bir olgu değildir. Çöp genel kapsamıyla toplama, taşıma, ayrıştırma ve depolama gibi çeşitli aşamalara sahip bir süreçtir. Bu sebeple evsel katı atık alanında çalışanlar iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından birtakım risklerle karşılaşmaktadır. Karşılaşılan riskler detaylı şekilde araştırıldıktan sonra gerekli önlemler alınarak atılacak adımlar belirlenmelidir. Atık bilinci Türkiye’de yeteri kadar gelişmemiştir. Çöpü mümkün olduğunca kaynağında ayırmak bu bilincin gelişmesindeki en önemli faktördür. Kazanılan atık bilinciyle birlikte çöpü kaynağında ayırmanın katı atıkları toplamak ve taşımak için yapılan masrafları azaltmasıyla birlikte evsel katı atık toplama ve taşıma işkolunda çalışanların sıklıkla karşılaştığı risk etmenlerinin de ortadan kalkmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Geçmiş araştırmalar, bu işkolunda çalışanların önemli bir kısmının sağlık ve güvenlik problemleri ile devamlı olarak karşılaştıklarını göstermektedir. Evsel katı atık toplama ve taşıma işkolunda çalışanların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği koşullarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanan bu çalışmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre veri analizleri yapılıp hipotez testleri uygulanmış ve bu işkolunda çalışan işçilerde çalışma süreleri, eğitim düzeyleri, yaş grupları, yaralanma ve/veya hastalık geçirme durumları, teknik eğitim almış olmak ve almamış olmak durumları ve güvenlik önlemlerinin alınıyor ve alınmıyor olması durumlarına göre tehlike etmenleriyle karşılaşma sıklığı hakkında çeşitli sonuçlar çıkartılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.
PV Panel Sıcaklığı Üzerinde Etkili Olan Atmosferik Parametrelerin Araştırılması
Authors: ATMACA Mustafa , PEKTEMİR İmdat Zafer
Published: August 2020

Enerji kaynakları çok sınırlı ve fosil yakıtlar kirletici emisyonlara sebep oluyor. Bu nedenle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı çok önemli. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı için en pratik yollarından birisi ise, PV ( fotovoltaik ) panellerin kullanımı. Güneş enerjisinden elektrik üreten bu panellerin sıcaklığı, elektrik üretimi yaparken yükselmektedir. Bu problemin çözümü, PV panellerin verimli kullanımı için çok önemli. Artan sıcaklık probleminin çözümü için ilk adım ise, panel sıcaklığı üzerinde etkili olan atmosferik parametrelerin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, değişik iklimsel koşullar altında, PV panel sıcaklığının nasıl değiştiği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, bir PV sistem dizayn edilmiş ve PV panel sıcaklığının ölçülmesi için, bir sıcaklık sensörü PV panelin merkezine yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma farklı iklim koşullarına sahip günlerde yürütülmüş, atmosferik parametreler ölçülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, sonuçlar bu konuda yapılmış diğer çalışma sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, güneş radyasyonu, hava sıcaklığı ve rüzgar hızının panel sıcaklığı üzerinde çok etkili faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle, rüzgar hızı PV panel sıcaklığının belirlenmesinde mutlaka hesaba katılmalıdır.
Elektronik Şalter ve Kaçak Akım Röleli Hibrit Bir Sistemin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: YAGIMLI Mustafa , YURTCU Ahmet
Published: August 2020

Manyetik alan prensibine göre çalışan geleneksel röleli anahtarlarda; rölenin enerjilenmesi, kontağı çekmesi için geçen süre, yüksek güçlü uygulamalarda kontağın aşırı ısınma sonucu yapışması, oluşacak arklar sonucu yangına sebebiyet vermesi, enerji tasarrufu gibi sorunları mevcuttur. Elektrik çarpmasında hayat kurtarıcı ve yangın tehlikesine karşı kullanılan kaçak akım rölesinde ise rölenin enerjilenip kontağı itmesi ve sistemi enerjisiz bırakmasında geçen sürenin insan hayatının kurtarılmasında nanosaniyeler mertebesinde olması gerekir. Literatürde; elektronik şalter düşük güçlü devrelerde kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek güçlü devrelerde kullanılmak üzere elektronik şalter ile kaçak akım rölesi hibrit olarak geliştirilmiştir.
Distribution, evolution and expression ofGATA-TFsprovide new insights into their functions in light response and fruiting body development ofTolypocladium guangdongense
Authors: Zhang Chenghua , Wang Gangzheng , Deng Wangqiu , Li Taihui
Published: August 2020

Background

Fungal GATA-type transcription factors (GATA-TFs) are a class of transcriptional regulators involved in various biological processes. However, their functions are rarely analyzed systematically, especially in edible or medicinal fungi, such asTolypocladium guangdongense, which has various medicinal and food safety properties with a broad range of potential applications in healthcare products and the pharmaceutical industry.

Methods

GATA-TFs inT. guangdongense(TgGATAs) were identified using InterProScan. The type, distribution, and gene structure ofTgGATAswere analyzed by genome-wide analyses. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze their evolutionary relationships using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. To explore the functions of GATA-TFs, conserved domains were analyzed using MEME, and cis-elements were predicted using the PlantCARE database. In addition, the expression patterns ofTgGATAsunder different light conditions and developmental stages were studied using qPCR.

Results

SevenTgGATAswere identified. They were randomly distributed on four chromosomes and contained one to four exons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GATA-TFs in each subgroup are highly conserved, especially for GATA1 to GATA5. Intron distribution analyses suggested that GATA1 and GATA3 possessed the most conserved gene structures. Light treatments induced the expression levels ofTgGATA1andTgGATA5-7, but the expression levels varied depending on the duration of illumination. The predicted protein structures indicate that TgGATA1 and TgGATA2 possess typical light-responsive domains and may function as photoreceptors to regulate downstream biological processes. TgGATA3 and TgGATA5 may be involved in nitrogen metabolism and siderophore biosynthesis, respectively. TgGATA6 and TgGATA7 possess unique Zn finger loop sequences, suggesting that they may have special functions. Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated thatTgGATA1(WC1) was notably involved in mycelial color transformation, while other genes were involved in fruiting body development to some extent. These results provide valuable information to further explore the mechanisms through whichTgGATAsare regulated during fruiting body development.
Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Uqaili Arsalan , Siddiqui Samia , Aijaz Roomi , Nizammani Yar Muhammad , Kazi Navaid , Nizammani Ghulam Shah
Published: August 2020

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats.

This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as;

Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo

Experimental Groups

Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal.

Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily.

Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily.

Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals.

Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as  212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001).

Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.
Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride with Contemporary Root Canal Disinfectants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gulzar Rukhsaar Akbar , Ajitha P. , Subbaiyan Haripriya
Published: August 2020

Octenidine is a cationic disinfectant that has been tested for its wide range of antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. It finds its application in the medical field as an antiseptic for wounds and mucous membranes. The present systematic review aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride with various root canal irrigants and medicaments. An electronic search strategy was planned to search the database of PUBMED CENTRAL and MEDLINE using the search terms alone and in combination using PUBMED search builder till September 2019 for related studies. In Vitro studies that compared the antibacterial efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to other irrigants and medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using extracted human teeth were included in the review. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in the microbial load which was assessed through either CFU or the percentage of viable and dead bacteria. A total of 7 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. The studies indicated that Octenidine Dihydrochloride was highly effective in eliminating E faecalis and C albicans and could be a more biocompatible potential alternative or an adjunct to the existing irrigants and medicaments.
Evaluation of p-y Curves and p-multiplier of Pile Groups Corresponding to Sand Properties Change Based on 3D Numerical Analysis
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Ahn Jaehun
Published: August 2020

The p-y curve method and p-multiplier (Pm), which implies a group effect, are widely used to analyze the nonlinear behaviors of laterally loaded pile groups. Factors affecting Pm includes soil properties as well as group pile geometry and configuration. However, research on the change in Pm corresponding to soil properties has not been conducted well. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of soil properties on the group effect in a laterally-loaded pile group installed in sandy soil, numerical analysis for a single pile and 3×3 pile group installed in loose, medium, and dense sand, was performed using the 3D numerical analysis program, Plaxis 3D. Among the factors considered in this study, the column location of the pile was the most dominant factor for Pm. The effect of the sand property change on Pm was not as significant as that of the column location of the pile. However, as the sand became denser and the friction angle increased, the group effect increased, leading to a decrease in Pm of approximately 0.1. This trend was similar to the result reported in a previous laboratory-scale experimental study.
Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Behavior of Precipitation in South Korea Based on EOF and CSEOF Analyses
Authors: Cho Eunsaem , Yoo Chulsang
Published: August 2020

In this study, EOF analysis and CSEOF analysis were applied to major ASOS precipitation data in Korea to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation in Korea. It was concluded that both EOF and CSEOF analyses are appropriate for identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in Korea. In particular, the CSEOF analysis method was able to interpret the temporal, cyclic behavior of precipitation data in detail. Both EOF and CSEOF showed that the first component explained the variance of most of the raw data. From the first EOF to the third EOF, the authors identified the average precipitation characteristics in Korea, precipitation characteristics according to latitude, and the phenomenon estimated by the mountain effect. The first CSEOF was characterized by precipitation in summer and winter in Korea, the second CSEOF was characterized by latitude and local precipitation, and the third CSEOF was characterized by varied and complex variation in precipitation.
A Study on Human Characteristics of the Dead of Apartment House Fires
Authors: Park Jae Sung
Published: August 2020

Apartment houses account for majority of Korean houses in terms of housing types. Apartment houses have the second largest number of fire accidents, after detached houses, causing loss of human lives. To reduce the damage to human lives caused by fires in apartment houses, it is important to analyze fundamental relations of death between fire, human, space, and human characteristics, and thereby identify improvement factors. Therefore, this study conducted a factor based cross analysis on human characteristics of the people who died due to fires in apartment houses over the last five years by considering the cause of death, action at the time of death, degree of burns, age, and time of fire occurrence as main factors. Regarding gender, the death rate for women was about 15% higher than that of men. Considering age, most of the fatalities were found in the age groups of 40 to 59 and over 70 years. With regard to the cause of death, the number of deaths caused by burns was higher for men than for women. Therefore, there were main causal relations and differential characteristics in terms of human characteristics of the victims of apartment houses fire.
Epithets, royal (Hellenistic)
Authors: Muccioli Federicomaria
Published: August 2020

Official epithets played a significant role in the construction of Hellenistic kingship. The first attestation can be traced to the lifetime of Alexander, who in fact was called
Aniketos
rather than “Great.” The Diadochoi normally did not use any official title, with the probable exception of Ptolemy I and Seleukos I (respectively
Soter
and
Nikator
), followed by the queen Arsinoe II (
Philadelphos
). Thereafter the use of epithets spread across most of the Hellenistic world. Epithets are attested in papyrological and epigraphical sources and, above all, in coin legends. Their message, addressed mainly to a Greek or Greek‐speaking audience, was simple and easily understandable to all subjects. Even during the time of the Roman Empire, the use of official epithets is well attested in some kingdoms (mainly client kings).
Universal Statistical Laws for the Velocities of Collective Migrating Cells
Authors: Lin Shao‐Zhen , Chen Peng‐Cheng , Guan Liu‐Yuan , Shao Yue , Hao Yu‐Kun , Li Qunyang , Li Bo , Weitz David A. , Feng Xi‐Qiao
Published: August 2020

Migratory dynamics of collective cells is central to the morphogenesis of biological tissues. The statistical distribution of cell velocities in 2D confluent monolayers is measured through large‐scale and long‐term experiments of various cell types lying on different substrates. A linear relation is discovered between the variability and the mean of cell speeds during the jamming process of confluent cell monolayers, suggesting time‐invariant distribution profile of cell velocities. It is further found that the probability density function of cell velocities obeys the non‐canonical q‐Gaussian statistics, regardless of cell types and substrate stiffness. It is the Tsallis entropy, instead of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy, that dictates the universal statistical laws of collective cell migration. The universal statistical law stems from cell–cell interactions, as demonstrated by the wound healing experiments. This previously unappreciated finding provides a linkage between cell‐level heterogeneity and tissue‐level ensembles in embryonic development and tumor growth.
Intergrated Shape Memory Alloys Soft Actuators with Periodic and Inhomogeneous Deformations by Modulating Elastic Tendon Structures
Authors: Li Dachao , Niu Dong , Ye Guoyong , Lei Biao , Jiang Weitao , Luo Feng , Chen Jinju , Li Xin , Qu Shaoxing , Liu Hongzhong
Published: August 2020

The soft actuators similar to the periodic motion of biological organisms are accomplished based on assembling multiple unidirectional memory effect shape memory alloys (SMAs) components or introducing biasing elements, which give rise to the complex structure and difficult control of soft actuators. Herein, inspired by the power‐amplified biological systems, beneficial with the advantages of 3D integrated molding technology, an integrated SMA‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite structure (SPCS) is proposed, which can achieve periodic heterogeneous actuation only by controlling the SMA phase transformation and the PDMS strain potential energy distribution states. To test the feasibility of the mechanism, a theoretical model of SPCS deformation is conducted. The results of numerical feasibility analysis show that the factors affecting SPCS deformation mainly involve the excitation current strength of SMA, PDMS structure thickness and its distribution state. The experimental results show that the current intensity mainly affects the deformation rate of SPCS, and the thickness of PDMS is not only the key to realize the periodic deformation of SPCS but also the orderly arrangement of PDMS structure thickness is helpful for SPCS to achieve periodic heterogeneous deformation. These demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can inspire the design of soft actuators, smart wearable equipment, and medical devices.
Lithium/Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Batteries using Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Liu Sufu , Han Fudong , Yao Xiayin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: August 2020

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered as the next generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high safety and energy density, simple packaging, and wide operable temperature range. The critical component in ASSLBs is the solid‐state electrolyte. Among all solid‐state electrolytes, the sulfide electrolytes have the highest ionic conductivity and favorable interface compatibility with sulfur‐based cathodes. The ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes is comparable with or even higher than that of the commercial organic liquid electrolytes. However, several critical challenges for sulfide electrolytes still remain to be solved, including their narrow electrochemical stability window, the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, as well as lithium dendrite formation in the electrolytes. Herein, the emerging sulfide electrolytes and preparation methods are reviewed. In particular, the required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted. The opportunities for sulfide‐based ASSLBs are also discussed.
Realizing Reduced Imperfections via Quantum Dots Interdiffusion in High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Lin , Vashishtha Parth , Koh Teck Ming , Harikesh Padinhare Cholakkal , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Bruno Annalisa , Hooper Thomas J. N. , Li Jia , Ng Yan Fong , Mhaisalkar Subodh G , Mathews Nripan
Published: August 2020

Realization of reduced ionic (cationic and anionic) defects at the surface and grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite films is vital to boost the power conversion efficiency of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells. Although numerous strategies have been developed, effective passivation still remains a great challenge due to the complexity and diversity of these defects. Herein, a solid‐state interdiffusion process using multi‐cation hybrid halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is introduced as a strategy to heal the ionic defects at the surface and GBs. It is found that the solid‐state interdiffusion process leads to a reduction in OIHP shallow defects. In addition, Cs+ distribution in QDs greatly influences the effectiveness of ionic defect passivation with significant enhancement to all photovoltaic performance characteristics observed on treating the solar cells with Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95PbBr3 (abbreviated as QDs‐Cs5). This enables power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 21% to be achieved with more than 90% of its initial PCE retained on exposure to continuous illumination of more than 550 h.
Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing of One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Part I—An Empirical Model for Multi‐Material Multi‐Layer Fabrication
Authors: Afkhami Zahra , Iezzi Brian , Hoelzle David , Shtein Max , Barton Kira
Published: August 2020

Electrohydrodynamic jet (e‐jet) printing is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technique that holds promise for the fabrication of customized micro‐devices. In this companion paper set, e‐jet printing is investigated for its capability in depositing multilayer thin‐films with microscale spatial resolution and nanoscale thickness resolution to create arrays of 1D photonic crystals (1DPC). In this paper, an empirical model for the deposition process is developed, relating process and material parameters to the thickness and uniformity of the patterns. Standard macroscale measurements of solid surface energy and liquid surface tension are used in conjunction with microscale contact angle measurements to understand the length scale dependence of material properties and their impact on droplet merger into uniform microscale thin‐films. The model is validated with several photopolymer inks, a subset of which is used to create pixelated, multilayer arrays of 1DPCs with uniformity and resolution approaching standards in the optics manufacturing industry. It is found that the printed film topography at the microscale can be predicted based on the surface energetics at the microscale. Due to the flexibility in design provided by the e‐jet process, these findings can be generalized for fabricating additional multimaterial, multilayer micro‐ and nanostructures with applications beyond the field of optics.
Broadband Achromatic Sub‐Diffraction Focusing by an Amplitude‐Modulated Terahertz Metalens
Authors: Zhao Fen , Li Ziping , Dai Xuemei , Liao Xiaoyu , Li Sheng , Cao Juncheng , Shang Zhengguo , Zhang Zhihai , Liang Gaofeng , Chen Gang , Li Hua , Wen Zhongquan
Published: August 2020

Recently, there are growing interests in developing super‐resolution metalenses for applications of focusing and imaging. On one hand, various sub‐diffraction metalenses have been demonstrated; however, most of them only work at a single wavelength or multiple discrete wavelengths. On the other hand, the previously reported broadband achromatic metalenses are diffraction‐limited, or their focal spots are larger than the corresponding Abbe diffraction limit, 0.5λ/NA, where λ and NA are the lens working wavelength and numerical aperture. In the present work, an approach of realizing broadband achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing is proposed utilizing both dispersion engineering and wave front manipulating through amplitude modulation. To verify this concept, based on high‐index dielectric meta‐atoms, a broadband achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing metalens is designed with a radius of 5.11 mm, a focal length of 40.39 mm, and NA of 0.125 in the terahertz frequency range of 2.29–2.70 THz by simultaneously controlling the distributions group of the delay, frequency‐dependent phase, and amplitude transmittance. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the performance of achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing within the bandwidth. The proposed approach provides a simple way to achieve broadband achromatic super‐resolution metalenses, which may have promising potentials in various applications of super‐resolution focusing and super‐resolution imaging.
Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications
Authors: Tao Peng , Liu Shu‐Juan , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: August 2020

Phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes are emerging as a new generation of phosphorescent materials showing great potentials in many applications, owing to their unique features including highly efficient phosphorescence, diverse structural/molecular design, and ease of synthesis, structural diversity, rich physical properties (e.g., triboluminescence, stimuli‐responsivity, etc.), high abundance, and low cost. The research on phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes is just in its infancy but rapidly flourishing indeed, and their potential applications are also emerging in many aspects. Herein, the recent progress on the molecular design of new manganese(II) complex‐based materials, mechanism of phosphorescence, photophysical properties, and their representative applications is highlighted, which covers topics such as: i) structural features and photophysics of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes; ii) molecular design strategies of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes (e.g., neutral complexes, ionic complexes, coordination polymers, and other types of complexes); and iii) their emerging applications in the fields of organic electroluminescence, information recording and security protection, temperature sensors. Finally, some perspectives together with future research focus of the field are described.