bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MadFlow: towards the automation of Monte Carlo simulation on GPU for particle physics processes
Authors: Carrazza Stefano , Cruz-Martinez Juan , Rossi Marco , Zaro Marco
Published: August 2021

In this proceedings we present MadFlow, a new framework for the automation of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation on graphics processing units (GPU) for particle physics processes. In order to automate MC simulation for a generic number of processes, we design a program which provides to the user the possibility to simulate custom processes through the Mad-Graph5_aMC@NLO framework. The pipeline includes a first stage where the analytic expressions for matrix elements and phase space are generated and exported in a GPU-like format. The simulation is then performed using the VegasFlow and PDFFlow libraries which deploy automatically the full simulation on systems with different hardware acceleration capabilities, such as multi-threading CPU, single-GPU and multi-GPU setups. We show some preliminary results for leading-order simulations on different hardware configurations.
Key4hep: Status and Plans
Authors: Fernandez Declara Placido , Fang Wenxing , Gaede Frank , Ganis Gerardo , Hegner Benedikt , Helsens Clement , Huang Xingtao , Ko Sang Hyun , Li Teng , Li Weidong , Lin Tao , Madlener Thomas , Petric Marko , Sailer Andre , Volkl Valentin , Wang Joseph , Zhang Xiaomei , Zou Jiaheng
Published: August 2021

Detector optimisation and physics performance studies are an integral part of the development of future collider experiments. The Key4hep project aims to design a common set of software tools for future, or even present, High Energy Physics projects. The proceeding describes the main components that are developed as part of Key4hep: the event data model EDM4hep, simulation interfaces to Delphes and Geant4, the k4MarlinWrapper to integrate iLCSoft components, as well as build and validation tools to ensure functionality and compatibility among the components. They also include the different adaptation processes by the CEPC, CLIC, FCC, and ILC communities towards this project, which show that Key4hep is a viable long term solution as baseline software for high energy experiments.
EDM4hep and podio - The event data model of the Key4hep project and its implementation
Authors: Gaede Frank , Ganis Gerardo , Hegner Benedikt , Helsens Clement , Madlener Thomas , Sailer Andre , Stewart Graeme A , Volkl Valentin , Wang Joseph
Published: August 2021

The EDM4hep project aims to design the common event data model for the Key4hep project and is generated via the podio toolkit. We present the first version of EDM4hep and discuss some of its use cases in the Key4hep project. Additionally, we discuss recent developments in podio, like the updates of the automatic code generation and also the addition of a second I/O backend based on SIO. We compare the available backends using benchmarks based on physics use cases, before we conclude with a discussion of currently ongoing work and future developments.
Pixel Detector Background Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks at Belle II
Authors: Hashemi Hosein , Hartmann Nikolai , Kuhr Thomas , Ritter Martin , Srebre Matej
Published: August 2021

The pixel vertex detector (PXD) is an essential part of the Belle II detector recording particle positions. Data from the PXD and other sensors allow us to reconstruct particle tracks and decay vertices. The effiect of background hits on track reconstruction is simulated by adding measured or simulated background hit patterns to the hits produced by simulated signal particles. This model requires a large set of statistically independent PXD background noise samples to avoid a systematic bias of reconstructed tracks. However, data from the fine-grained PXD requires a substantial amount of storage. As an efficient way of producing background noise, we explore the idea of an on-demand PXD background generator using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), adapted by the number of PXD sensors in order to both increase the image fidelity and produce sensor-dependent PXD hitmaps.
DUNE Software and Computing Challenges
Authors:   Paul Laycock for the DUNE Collaboration
Published: August 2021

The DUNE experiment will begin running in the late 2020’s. The goals of the experiment include 1) studying neutrino oscillations using a beam of neutrinos from Fermilab in Illinois to the Sanford Underground Research Facility, 2) studying astrophysical neutrino sources and rare processes and 3) understanding the physics of neutrino interactions in matter. The DUNE Far Detector, consisting of four 17 kt LArTPC modules, will produce “events” ranging in size from 6 GBs to more than 100 TBs, posing unique challenges for DUNE software and computing. The data processing algorithms, particularly for raw data, drive the requirements for the future DUNE software framework documented here.
Improvements to ATLAS Inner Detector Track reconstruction for LHC Run-3
Authors: Schillaci Zachary Michael
Published: August 2021

This document summarises the main changes to the ATLAS experiment’s Inner Detector Track reconstruction software chain in preparation of LHC Run 3 (2022-2024). The work was carried out to ensure that the expected high-activity collisions with on average 50 simultaneous proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing (pile-up) can be reconstructed promptly using the available computing resources. Performance figures in terms of CPU consumption for the key components of the reconstruction algorithm chain and their dependence on the pile-up are shown. For the design pile-up value of 60 the updated track reconstruction is a factor of 2 faster than the previous version.
Readable and efficient HEP data analysis with bamboo
Authors: David Pieter
Published: August 2021

With the LHC continuing to collect more data and experimental analyses becoming increasingly complex, tools to efficiently develop and execute these analyses are essential. The bamboo framework defines a domain-specific language, embedded in python, that allows to concisely express the analysis logic in a functional style. The implementation based on ROOT’s RDataFrame and cling C++ JIT compiler approaches the performance of dedicated native code. Bamboo is currently being used for several CMS Run 2 analyses that rely on the NanoAOD data format, which will become more common in Run 3 and beyond, and for which many reusable components are included, but it provides many possibilities for customisation, which allow for straightforward adaptation to other formats and workflows.
Machine learning for surface prediction in ACTS
Authors: Huth Benjamin , Salzburger Andreas , Wettig Tilo
Published: August 2021

We present an ongoing R&D activity for machine-learning-assisted navigation through detectors to be used for track reconstruction. We investigate different approaches of training neural networks for surface prediction and compare their results. This work is carried out in the context of the ACTS tracking toolkit.
Basket Classifier: Fast and Optimal Restructuring of the Classifier for Differing Train and Target Samples
Authors: Philippov Anton , Ratnikov Fedor
Published: August 2021

The common approach for constructing a classifier for particle selection assumes reasonable consistency between train data samples and the target data sample used for the particular analysis. However, train and target data may have very different properties, like energy spectra for signal and background contributions. We propose a new method based on an ensemble of pre-trained classifiers, each trained of an exclusive subset, a data basket, of the total dataset. Appropriate separate adjustment of separation thresholds for every basket classifier allows to dynamically adjust the combined classifier and make optimal prediction for data with differing properties without re-training of the classifier. The approach is illustrated with a toy example. A quality dependency on the number of used data baskets is also presented.
Higgs analysis with quantum classifiers
Authors: Belis Vasilis , González-Castillo Samuel , Reissel Christina , Vallecorsa Sofia , Combarro Elías F. , Dissertori Günther , Reiter Florentin
Published: August 2021

We have developed two quantum classifier models for the ttH classification problem, both of which fall into the category of hybrid quantumclassical algorithms for Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum devices (NISQ). Our results, along with other studies, serve as a proof of concept that Quantum Machine Learning (QML) methods can have similar or better performance, in specific cases of low number of training samples, with respect to conventional ML methods even with a limited number of qubits available in current hardware. To utilise algorithms with a low number of qubits — to accommodate for limitations in both simulation hardware and real quantum hardware — we investigated different feature reduction methods. Their impact on the performance of both the classical and quantum models was assessed. We addressed different implementations of two QML models, representative of the two main approaches to supervised quantum machine learning today: a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM), a kernel-based method, and a Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC), a variational approach.
Software migration of the CMS ECAL Detector Control System during the CERN Large Hadron Collider Long Shutdown II
Authors: Estupiñán R. Jiménez , Marchese L. , Di Calafiori D. , Dissertori G. , Lustermann W. , Djambazov L. , Fay J. , Auffray E. , Bailleux D. , Jovanovic D. , Adzic P. , Milenovic P. ,   on behalf of the CMS Collaboration
Published: August 2021

During the second long shutdown (LS2) of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the Detector Control System (DCS) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is undergoing a large software upgrade at various levels. The ECAL DCS supervisory system has been reviewed and extended to migrate the underlying software toolkits and platform technologies to the latest versions. The resulting software will run on top of a new computing infrastructure, using the WinCC Open Architecture (OA) version 3.16 and newly developed communication drivers for some of the hardware. The ECAL DCS has been configured and managed from a different control version system and stored with more modern encoding and file formats. A new set of development guidelines has been prepared for this purpose, including conventions and recommendations from the CMS Central DCS and CERN Joint Controls Project (JCOP) framework groups. The large list of modifications also motivated the revision and reorganization of the software architecture, which is needed to resolve and satisfy additional software dependencies. Many modifications also aimed to improve the installation process, anticipating in some cases works for the next long shutdown upgrade.
Determination of inter-system timing for Mini-CBM in 2020
Authors: Redelbach Andreas
Published: August 2021

Future operation of the CBM detector requires ultra-fast analysis of the continuous stream of data from all subdetector systems. Determining the inter-system time shifts among individual detector systems in the existing prototype experiment mCBM is an essential step for data processing and in particular for stable data taking. Based on the input of raw measurements from all detector systems, the corresponding time correlations can be obtained at digital level by evaluating the differences in time stamps. If the relevant systems are stable during data taking and sufficient digital measurements are available, the distribution of time differences should display a clear peak. Up to now, the outcome of the processed time differences is stored in histograms and the maximum peak is considered, after the evaluation of all timeslices of a run leading to significant run times. The results presented here demonstrate the stability of the synchronicity of mCBM systems. Furthermore it is illustrated that relatively small amounts of raw measurements are sufficient to evaluate corresponding time correlations among individual mCBM detectors, thus enabling fast online monitoring of them in future online data processing.
ALICE Central Trigger System for LHC Run 3
Authors: Kvapil Jakub , Bhasin Anju , Bombara Marek , Evans David , Jusko Anton , Kluge Alexander , Krivda Marian , Kralik Ivan , Lietava Roman , Nayak Sanket Kumar , Ragoni Simone , Villalobos Baillie Orlando
Published: August 2021

A major upgrade of the ALICE experiment is in progress and will result in high-rate data taking during LHC Run 3 (2022-2024). The LHC interaction rate at Point 2 where the ALICE experiment is located will be increased to 50 kHz in Pb–Pb collisions and 1 MHz in pp collisions. The ALICE experiment will be able to read out data at these interaction rates leading to an increase of the collected luminosity by a factor of up to about 100 with respect to LHC Runs 1 and 2. To satisfy these requirements, a new readout system has been developed for most of the ALICE detectors, allowing the full readout of the data at the required interaction rates without the need for a hardware trigger selection. A novel trigger and timing distribution system will be implemented, based on Passive Optical Network (PON) and GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) technology. To assure backward compatibility a triggered mode based on RD12 Trigger- Timing-Control (TTC) technology, as used in the previous LHC runs, will be maintained and re-implemented under the new Central Trigger System (CTS). A new universal ALICE Trigger Board (ATB) based on the Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale FPGA has been designed to function as a Central Trigger Processor (CTP), Local Trigger Unit (LTU), and monitoring interfaces.

In this paper, this new hybrid multilevel system with continuous readout will be described, together with the triggering mechanism and algorithms. An overview of the CTS, the design of the ATB and the different communication protocols will be presented.
On the photon spectrum emitted at large angles in high-energy e+ e- collisions
Authors: FADIN V. S. , KHOZE V. A.
Published: August 2021

The authors study in particular the reaction e+ e- → e+ e- e+ e- γ, occurring via two-photon exchange.
TRANSFERRED HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS IN Fe(III) BIS-DITHIOCARBAMATO IODIDES
Authors: PETRIDIS D. , SIMOPOULOS A. , KOSTIKAS A. , PASTERNAK M.
Published: August 2021

Parallel measurements of 129I and 57Fe Mössbauer spectra have been performed on four members of the class of FeIII bis-dithiocarbamato iodides. Three out of the four studied compounds are found to order magnetically at temperatures below 4 K. Hyperfine parameters for 57Fe and 129I have been determined by computer fits of the spectra in the paramagnetic and magnetically ordered regions. The 129I results have been used to calculate covalency parameters of the Fe-I bond.
Charge transport in oxygen-doped polysilicon layers on Si
Authors: Verwey J.F. , Ruis W. , Sens I.
Published: August 2021

It is shown that layers of polysilicon doped with oxygen (polydox) can be used for the passivation of underlying p-n junctions. The conduction mechanism was derived from measurements in layers directly deposited on to silicon crystals. At room temperature we found Poole-Frenkel conduction changing at higher temperatures, presumably, to hopping in localized states.
Transformation of the concept of legal system in the conditions of globalisation
Authors: Sofronova Svetlana Arkadievna , Kozhina Elena Nikolaevna , Kryukov Andrey Nikolaevich , Kryukova Olga Yurievna , Oleynik Dimitri
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends and factors influencing the development of the theoretical concept of the legal system and possible categories derived from it. The methodological basis of the research is represented by such scientific methods as dialectical, logical, historical, predictive, systemic analysis and content analysis. This made it possible, in view of achievement of the said objective, to analyse the works of Russian and foreign comparativists, both the founders of modern comparative jurisprudence and novice researchers, as well as the materials of scientific conferences on the problem under investigation. The result of the study was the conclusion that the complex nature of the category “legal system” makes it possible to form a holistic picture of legal reality. At the same time, the result of the research depends on the criterion laid as a basis for this concept. The paper also substantiates the fact that presently one may observe a tendency towards a comprehensive understanding of the legal system, towards rejection of the formational approach in favour of the socio-cultural one, with regard for a number of other internal and external factors affecting the formation and functioning of the legal system. The novelty of the study was the conclusion that the concept of the legal system, as well as the categories derived from it, so far represent the basic theoretical function in formulating hypotheses, setting goals and objectives of comparative legal research. At the same time, the authors note that a unified approach to comprehending the essence, typology and classification of legal systems is objectively not possible in the conditions of multiple legal cultures and traditions of legal consciousness, which, ultimately, should be assessed as a positive stimulus for further research.
Research methodology of the concept of “environmental and legal culture” as a phenomenon in the theory of Russian environmental law
Authors: Klyukanova Larisa Gennadievna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to formulate the concept of “environmental and legal culture”, to identify its main properties and characteristics, to designate the methodological apparatus of its research; to substantiate the importance of an integrated approach and an axiological research method. The object of the research is the “environmental and legal culture” itself, and the subject is its structure, functions and processes of its objectification. Structural, functional, and comparative research methods became the methodological basis. The research results: the concept of “environmental culture”, “environmental and legal culture” was formulated; the necessity of applying an integrated approach and an axiological method to the study of the phenomenon of “environmental and legal culture” was substantiated; the interrelation of legal awareness, education and enlightenment, legal technique and political guidelines of the Concept of sustainable development as characteristics of the concept of “environmental and legal culture” and the phenomena that predetermine and characterize it, are revealed. The authors emphasize that the “environmental and legal culture” is formed primarily on the basis of the norms of Environmental law, and not on the entire array of humanitarian and natural science knowledge about the environment as a whole. The novelty of the work is determined by the approach itself to substantiating the requirement for an integrated approach and an axiological method to study the content of the concept of “environmental and legal culture”.
Influence of civilisational factors on the development of Vietnam's law in the colonial period
Authors: Romanovskaya Vera Borisovna , Ostroumov Nikolay Vladimirovich , Fomichev Maksim Nikolaevich , Zavurbekov Faridun Zavurbekovich , Esaeva Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the research is to study the influence of the traditional norms and customs on the formation of the Vietnamese law in the pre-colonial period, to show their influence on the legal consciousness of its residents during the French protectorate, to substantiate the fact that this influence prevented the French colonial administration from establishing its rules without regard for the local specifics. The basic approach to studying the law of Vietnam in the colonial period is the civilisational approach which is based on the idea of correlation of law and economy, with a predominant consideration of spiritual, moral and cultural factors of the social development. The general methodological basis is presented by the dialectical method which enabled the authors to study the object of research in development, to establish the relevant cause-and-effect relations. The result of the work is the conclusion that one of the main elements of the Vietnamese culture, that had a noticeable impact on legal regulations, is the cult of ancestors. Folk beliefs are an integral part of the national history, culture, law, worldview of the Vietnamese; they have much influenced the formation of civil legislation of the colonial and present-day Vietnam. The novelty of the work is determined by the fact that the influence of spiritual and cultural factors on the attempts to introduce the new laws on the territory of Tonquin (North Vietnam) is considered for the first time.
A new paradigm of human rights in the context of the global threats development
Authors: Romanovsky Georgy Borisovich , Romanovskaya Olga Valentinovna , Romanovsky Vladislav Georgievich , Ryzhova Anastasia Andreevna , Ryzhova Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to formulate the general guidelines for the transformation of human rights as a result of global threats. The methodological framework was the methods of comparative legal research, which showed the general trends in the development of the human rights legislation under the influence of global threats. By the example of the responses of states to the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, it is shown how legislative innovations expanding the powers of law enforcement agencies and special services have led to the revision of the content of such basic human rights as the right to privacy and/or the right to personal inviolability. Highlighted is the concept of the “war on terror” (formulated by the United States President in 2001), which allows terrorists to be treated as representatives of a belligerent but without providing any international guarantees enshrined in the provisions of the international humanitarian law. The consequences of the introduction of biomedical technologies, that are aggressive towards humans, are presented, namely the creation of chimeric organisms that contribute to blurring the interspecific boundaries; creation of a genetically modified organism – human embryo; the development of an artificial uterus capable of bearing a human fetus practically from the time the male and female reproductive cells join. The results consist in the identified trends in the development of legal institutions, such as the formulation of new human rights often replacing or distorting the content of basic recognised human rights enshrined in the key international documents and constitutions of the countries of the world; bypassing the legal prohibitions established over the past decades by introducing relativism and assessing any situation from the point of view of the conditions for its occurrence. The novelty of the research lies in the authors’ position and is formulated as follows: the modern system of human rights is facing a serious crisis. Failure to effectively respond to symbolic challenges and threats is one of the factors necessitating the need for monitoring many regulatory documents. But a significant reason for the backlash also lies in the fact that we are at the turn of an era when technology shows humanity the possibility of correcting the very nature of Homo sapiens.
Reception of law as a form of cultural interaction
Authors: Voronina Yulia Evgenievna
Published: August 2021

The study’s objective is to identify factors contributing to the positive results of legal reception and generalize the concept of legal reception, revealing the close relationship of law with the culture. During the research, various scientific approaches and methods of knowledge contributed to the achievement of the intended objective. The research is based on dialectical, systemic methods and the comparative legal approach. The result of the study was the conclusion that the result of intercultural interaction is not always favorable and can have both positive and negative consequences: when the national legal system becomes inconsistent, illogical, loses the character of self-execution, up to the fatal outcome – the destruction of the legal culture of society. As the most important condition for the successful reception of law, the authors highlight the compatibility of the cultures of the donor country and the recipient country (interacting cultures). It is argued that the formation of a single global cultural, legal space does not reflect the objectively existing patterns of development of societies, and the incompatibility of different types of legal cultures is the main factor preventing the creation of global legal order in general and hindering the success of the reception of law in particular. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the reception of law is one of the forms of intercultural interaction and plays a significant role in the mutual penetration of legal cultures. Although the topic is one of the most popular for domestic and foreign legal science, as a rule, its study is reduced to the description of the facts of reception, in most cases of Roman law, and the number of general theoretical studies of this issue is insufficient.
The problem of an objective prognosis of public danger of an insane person for the purposes of criminal proceedings
Authors: Burtsev Andrey Sergeevich , Mironyuk Ivan Vladimirovich , Shumilina Oksana Sergeevna , Bezugly Sergey Nikolaevich , Ignatenko Evgeny Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the judicial practice and identify the problem of the lack of an objective medical and social prognosis of the public danger of a mentally ill (deranged) person in order to further apply compulsory medical measures, their replacement or cancellation. As a consequence, individuals who no longer pose such danger are unreasonably subjected for a long time to restrictions on civil, political, economic, social, and cultural human and civil rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the universally recognized principles and rules of international law. The methodological basis of the research is both philosophical (dialectical, analytical) and generally scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction). The work resulted in the conclusion that there is a similar problem in foreign forensic psychiatry and law and order, identifying similarities and differences in approaches to solving it, with regard to the national specifics of providing psychiatric care to the population, including in a compulsory manner. The novelty of the work is that given the objective and subjective difficulties that domestic forensic psychiatry experiences in creating a prognostic methodology of public danger of such patients, a proposal is made to consider, for these purposes, the time period during which the patient does not commit crime. Although the proposed criterion is not of a medical nature, it is always in the sight of doctors and lawyers (judge, prosecutor) when resolving legal situations related to compulsory medical measures. The authors of the article expect that in combination with the clinical variables of the risk of violence, this will allow to achieve an objective prognosis and avoid the unjustified use of medical (restrictive) measures.
Establishing the circumstances to be proven during verification of tax crime reports
Authors: Meretukov Gaisa Mosovich , Tushev Aleksander Aleksandrovich , Korchagin Aleksander Yuryevich
Published: August 2021

The primary purpose of this scientific work is to study the specifics of initiating criminal cases on crimes under Articles 198, 199, 199.1, 199.2, 199.3, and 199.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation following current legislation. Using methods of analysis of legislation, published scientific works on the subject, legal comparison, study of practical activities of investigation bodies, the article developed scientific provisions and practical recommendations, which can be used in criminalistics and the activities of investigation bodies. In accordance with subparagraph “a” of paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 151 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, these crimes are investigated by investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. The reasons for initiating a criminal case can be both reports from the inquiry and the tax authorities (Part 7-9 of Article 144 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Another result of the work considered the joint activities of these bodies to establish the event and traces of the crime during the verification of tax crime reports and the conclusions obtained during the analysis of the applied forensic methods and means during such verification. The novelty of the work lies in the definition of the circumstances included in the subject of proof, which can be established in deciding the issue of initiation of criminal proceedings for this category of crimes. It also substantiates the problems that arise during the verification of messages. The results and novelty of the study will allow optimizing the activities of the bodies of preliminary investigation and inquiry.
Legal basis for the participation of an expert in the proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States of America
Authors: Logvinets Elena Anatolievna , Katorgina Natalia Рetrovna , Sudnikova Natalia Yurievna , Mamin Sergey Nikolaevich , Kislitsina Irina Nikolaevna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to consider the legal status of an expert in the legal proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States. In the paper used were such research methods as analysis, synthesis, formal legal and comparative legal. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to clarify the legal status of an expert in the Russian Federation and the United States. The use of formal legal and comparative legal methods made it possible to conduct a comprehensive comparative study of procedural legislation. The authors applied an integrated approach to the study of the role and essence of competent persons in the two countries’ proceedings. The comparative legal analysis of the rules of proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States resulted in an assessment of the legislative regulation of the institute of specific expertise in legal proceedings. The given methodological tools made it possible to comprehensively generalise and systematise theoretical postulates, develop their own opinion on issues of the expert participation in the proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States discussed in the scientific literature. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it made it possible to assess further prospects for engaging competent persons in Russian legal proceedings. The results obtained during the work can be used for further research in the field of application of special knowledge in the legal proceedings of the Russian Federation and the United States.
Adoption of a judgement and exercising control of its performance by a court in administrative proceedings
Authors: Kuliushin Evgenii Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

The article examines the essence and content of the powers of the court of first instance to make a judgement and control its implementation in order to improve the effectiveness of judicial protection of violated rights of citizens and organisations against illegal acts of public law bodies, the correctness and timeliness of consideration and resolution of cases in public law disputes, prevention of violations in the area of public law relations, the possibility of reducing the burden on courts of first instance in various categories of public law disputes. The key focus is on the peculiarities of exercising by a court of powers to make court judgements and exercising control of their execution in public law disputes on the basis of historical-legal, comparative-legal and formal-legal methods of researching similar powers of courts in countries of the civil law system (France, Germany) and countries representing the common law system (England, USA), comparing the contents of the powers of the court in administrative proceedings in accordance with the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation and the powers of the court in civil and arbitration proceedings. The use of historical-legal, comparative-legal and formal-legal methods for researching the content of powers to adopt a court judgement and exercise control over its execution made it possible to formulate conclusions regarding the scope of procedural actions of the court of first instance in administrative proceedings, the possibilities of improving the model for exercising judicial control over acts in public-legal authorities, correctness and timeliness of execution of court judgements taken against public law authorities in order to ensure that the weak side in administrative proceedings can be protected. The novelty of the work lies in the proof that in order to increase the effectiveness of the protection of the violated rights of individuals against unlawful acts of public authorities, it is necessary to improve the mechanism for the exercise by the court of powers to make a judgement and exercise control over implementing it.
Property turnover digitalisation: Interdisciplinary problems of post-classical jurisprudence
Authors: Vasilevskaya Liudmila Yurievna , Belykh Vladimir Sergeyevich , Primak Tatiana Klavdievna , Poduzova Ekaterina Borisovna , Tasalov Philipp Artemievich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to consider the key interdisciplinary research and practice problems of the property turnover digitalisation and propose ways to solve them. Elements, phenomena and processes of the digital environment first appeared in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. By determining the constitutive features of them, the authors turned to classical domestic and foreign legal statutory concepts and policy management. The research was carried out by the comparative-legal method and modelling method. The identification of interdisciplinary research and practice problems as well as methods for solving them was based on the methods for ascent from the abstract to the concrete, induction and deduction. As a result of the implementation of the research objectives through the general scientific and private scientific methods described above, the authors identified the constitutive features of the key elements of property turnover in the digital environment, such as digital currency, smart contract, electronic trading. Identified were both doctrinal and practical problems associated with the essence and features of those elements, as well as the legal regulation of the associated relations. Those elements are considered in two dimensions, in the information system and legal field. In addition, significant gaps in the regulatory framework of the associated relations were identified; the impossibility of applying the classical regime of objects of civil rights and the rules of documentary circulation to digital objects and processes was substantiated. The novelty of the work consists in proposing ways to solve interdisciplinary theoretical and practical problems of the property turnover digitalisation, which are important for a wide range of academic researchers and practitioners in the legal field.
Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the financial services market: a comparative analysis
Authors: Sushkova Olga Viktorovna , Minbaleev Aleksey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in the financial services market. The research was carried out based on empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation, and theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Particular scientific methods were used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpreting legal norms. The financial services market is currently expanding access to finance. At the same time, the normative legal regulation of artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter referred to as AI) in the financial sector is rather fragmentary and declarative. The position is expressed that artificial intelligence in the financial services market can lead to systemic risks and the manipulation of such a market on trading platforms. It is argued that the development of artificial intelligence should adhere to regulatory goals related to market security, consumer protection, and market integrity. The authors highlight regulatory objectives and possible regulatory methods for peer-to-peer platforms that ensure equality and fair access to financial instruments. The results of the work were the justification for the need to use robotic consultants in the field of investment activities to provide consumers with access to financial services markets. It is shown that the current legal regime does not provide adequate protection for consumers of financial services in this regard. At the same time, the authors believe that artificial intelligence can be used as a form of RegTech (regulatory technology) to optimize compliance processes, thereby increasing competition in financial markets and benefiting consumers. However, such use may be contrary to the principles of confidentiality, data protection, and ethical considerations. The novelty of the work lies in the proposed basic guidelines for the development of detailed regulators for the certification of algorithms and digital platforms, for enhancing ex-ante and ex-post protection of individuals using robotic consultants, and for addressing the question of how individual rights such as privacy rights and data rights can be exercised.
Problems of ethical regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies
Authors: Minbaleev Aleksey Vladimirovich , Polyakova Tatyana Anatolyevna , Makarov Oleg Sergeevich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of ethical regulation of artificial intelligence technologies in a modern complex socio-cultural environment and active digital transformation of society. In the world today, the practice of private ethical initiatives is very common, associated with the joining of efforts of a number of companies to develop the use of artificial intelligence technologies and consolidate the basic principles of working with such technologies. The research used such scientific methods as dialectical, logical, historical, predictive, systems analysis, content analysis, as well as private scientific methods, such as comparative legal and the method of legal modeling. The study results in proposals for introducing ethical regulators into the general mechanism for regulating digital technologies, obtained on the basis of an analysis of the main directions and approaches to ethical regulation, as well as identifying key problems of ethical regulation in the field of artificial intelligence that have to be solved by society and the state. The authors support the position of researchers and governments of a number of states that normative regulation should take precedence over ethical, the tasks of any state should be to provide normative support for the use of artificial intelligence technologies and protect the rights of citizens. The novelty of the work lies in the conclusion that at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation today it is advisable to develop Model Rules for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in government and local authorities, as well as in their subordinate organizations. The rules can enshrine ethical principles and norms based on the provisions of acts of international organizations and recommendations of the professional expert community. The rules can also reflect recommendations for their use by non-state legal entities, individual citizens. It is concluded that such an approach would eliminate the possibility of numerous ethical codes and regulations from both the public and commercial sectors and would not be redundant.
Law enforcement practices of employment of elderly people in the modern society context
Authors: Kasarkina Elena Nikolaevna , Antipova Alena Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

Research objective is to study the position of elderly people in the labour market in the modern society context and highlight trends in the social protection of their interests in the field of labour. The paper used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Such research methods as analysis, synthesis, interpretation, structural-functional approach, classification, typology, grouping, generalisation and interpretation of the information received were chosen. The main research method was the method of a pilot questionnaire survey of older people, as well as a comparison of the author’s research data with empirical research on the problem in question. The research resulted in conclusions from the analysis of the elderly people employment problem in the context of the legislative reform of raising the retirement age and the tendency for the demand for elderly people employment as an objective necessity. The authors believe that society is interested in active longevity and cannot develop if it does not consider the employment of elderly people as a social progress indicator. The scientific novelty of the research is the relevance of the new concept “unemployed elderly” in the context of modern society is argued; highlighted are the contradictions in solving the elderly people problems in the labour market associated with the need to increase the retirement age; the author’s vision of the factors contributing to the labour activities of elderly people is presented; the advantages of the labour potential of elderly people are highlighted.
Der Kohärenzsinn unserer OTA – eine Pilotstudie für die Gesundheit
Authors: Künzer Mareike , Daub Urban , Schäberle Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Ein hoch ausgeprägter Kohärenzsinn kann sich positiv auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirken und vor den Auswirkungen von Stress schützen. Da die Arbeit im OP sehr anspruchsvoll und mit einem hohen Stressfaktor verbunden ist, untersuchte eine Pilotstudie, wie stark der Kohärenzsinn von OTA zu Beginn ihrer Ausbildung ausgeprägt ist und ob sich daraus Rückschlüsse auf deren psychische Belastbarkeit ziehen lassen.
Risk of bleeding following double balloon enteroscopy in patients on continued antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Zaver Himesh B. , Ghoz Hassan , Stancampiano Fernando , Alnahhal Khaled I. , Malviya Balkishan , Patel Krupa , Rodriguez Andrea C. , Oberoi Mansi , Koralewski Andrea , Crawford Matthew J. , Choudhry Aruj , Mareth Karl , Werlang Monia E. , Kroner Paul T. , Simons-Linares C. Roberto , Lukens Frank , Bartel Michael J. , Stark Mark , Brahmbhatt Bhaumik
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Anticoagulation (AC) and antiplatelet (AP) therapy may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after double balloon enteroscopy (DBE); however, limited data are currently available regarding the incidence. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of post-DBE bleeding in patients on AC and AP therapy.

Patients and methods The medical records of patients who underwent DBE between 2009 and 2013 at Mayo Clinic, Florida, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups: 1) continued AP therapy; 2) AC therapy; and 3) neither AP nor AC at the time of DBE. Follow-up data were collected at 60 days and 1 year.

Results A total of 683 patients were identified; 43 on AC, 183 on AP and 457 not on AP or AC therapy. The most common indication for DBE was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in the groups on and not on AP (85.3 % vs 70.9 %, P < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in post-DBE bleeding rates in patients on AP vs not on AP at 60 days (11.5 % vs 7.5 %, P = 0.12) or 1 year (19.9 % vs 15.7 %, P = 0.23). Rates of bleeding in patients on AC were 11.6 % within 60 days and 22.5 % within 1 year. Multivariate analysis reflected American Society of Anesthesiologist > 3 and indication for DBE of GI bleeding were independent risk factors for post-DBE bleeding within 1 year.

Conclusions Continued antiplatelet use at the time of DBE was not an independent risk factor for bleeding post-DBE at 60 days or 1 year of follow up.
Thyroid Nodules in Patients with Acromegaly: Frequency According to the ACR TI-RADS Classification and its Relationship with Disease Activity
Authors: Can Mustafa , Kocabaş Muhammet , Karakose Melia , Burgucu Hatice Caliskan , Yarar Zeliha , Kulaksizoglu Mustafa , Karakurt Feridun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid nodules in patients with acromegaly according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification and its relationship with acromegaly disease activity.

Methods: A total of 56 patients with acromegaly and age, sex, and body mass index matched with 56 healthy control subjects were included in our study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody levels of patients and control subjects were measured. In addition, patients and healthy controls were evaluated by ultrasonography to determine thyroid structure, thyroid volume, and thyroid nodules and to make ACR TI-RADS classification.

Results: Thyroid nodules were present in 31 (55.4%) of 56 patients in the acromegaly group and 20 (35.7%) of 56 subjects in the control group, and the frequency of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.038). The mean number of nodules in the acromegaly group and control group was 1.27±1.43 and 0.48±0.73, respectively, and the mean number of nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.003). The number of patients with TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules in the acromegaly group was higher than the control group (p=0.026, p=0.049, p=0.007, respectively). No difference was found in terms of cytological findings between those who have undergone FNAB in the acromegaly group and control group.

Conclusion: In our study, we found that the frequency of thyroid nodules, the number of thyroid nodules, and the number of TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules increased in patients with acromegaly. There was no significant difference between acromegaly disease activity and thyroid nodule frequency, number of thyroid nodules, and TI-RADS classifications.