bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Bootstrap‐Based Consensus Scoring Method for Protein—Ligand Docking.
Authors: Fukunishi Hiroaki , Teramoto Reiji , Takada Toshikazu , Shimada Jiro
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Receptor‐Based Modeling and 3D‐QSAR for a Quantitative Production of the Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Based on Genetic Algorithm.
Authors: Zaheer‐ul‐Haq Zaheer‐ul‐Haq , Uddin Reaz , Yuan Hongbin , Petukhov Pavel A. , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Madura Jeffry D.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: When “Metal Atom Clusters” Meet ZnO Nanocrystals: A ((n‐C4H9)4N) 2Mo6Br14@ZnO Hybrid.
Authors: Grasset Fabien , Molard Yann , Cordier Stephane , Dorson Frederick , Mortier Michel , Perrin Christiane , Guilloux‐Viry Maryline , Sasaki Toshio , Haneda Hajime
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Late Transition Metal Anions Acting as p‐Metal Elements
Authors: Koehler Juergen , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Transition Metal Surfaces as Probed by Synchrotron Radiation Core Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Baraldi Alessandro
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(II): The Black Sheep of the Organometallic Family
Authors: Layfield Richard A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioorganometallic Fulvene‐Derived Titanocene Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Strohfeldt Katja , Tacke Matthias
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Novel Base‐discriminating Fluorescent (BDF) Nucleosides
Authors: Saito Yoshio , Hanawa Kazuo , Hayashi Keigo , Motegi Kaori , Okaoto Akimitsu , Saito Isao
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Condensation Reaction to Unsaturated System, Reduction and Oxidation of (R)‐(‐)‐Carvone: Principal Constituent of Mentha spicata
Authors: Kharchouf S. , Majidi L. , Abraoui H. , Faska Z.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Four Isotopically Labeled Forms of a Proteasome Inhibitor, Bortezomib
Authors: Li Yuexian , Plesescu Mihaela , Sheehan Patrick , Daniels J. Scott , Prakash Shimoga R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aminothiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Nucleophilic Reactions
Authors: Takemoto Yoshiji , Miyabe Hideto
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetramic and Tetronic Acids: An Update on New Derivatives and Biological Aspects
Authors: Schobert Rainer , Schlenk Andrea
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonic Anhydrase IX: A New Druggable Target for the Design of Antitumor Agents
Authors: Winum Jean‐Yves , Rami Marouan , Scozzafava Andrea , Montero Jean‐Louis , Supuran Claudiu
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira Reactions Using Microwave and Microtechnology
Authors: Singh Brajendra K. , Kaval Nadya , Tomar Shilpi , Van der Eycken Erik , Parmar Virinder S.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Selective α1‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonists as Antihypertensive Agents
Authors: Jain Kishor S. , Bariwal Jitender B. , Kathiravan Muthu K. , Phoujdar Manisha S. , Sahne Rajkumari S. , Chauhan Bishram S. , Shah Anamik K. , Yadav Mange Ram
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of Organoboron Compounds in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Miyaura Norio
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Recyclable Catalytic System for Green Oxidation Using Temperature‐Responsive Catalysts
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Ikegami Shiro
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DNAzymes for Sensing, Nanobiotechnology and Logic Gate Applications
Authors: Willner Itamar , Shlyahovsky Bella , Zayats Maya , Willner Bilha
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metals in Neurobiology: Probing Their Chemistry and Biology with Molecular Imaging
Authors: Que Emily L. , Domaille Dylan W. , Chang Christopher J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Offgas Recycle for Increased Heat Production from Aerobic Thermophilic Treatment of Swine Waste: Pilot Studies and Full‐Scale Design
Authors: Blackburn James W. , Wang Zhe , Mudragaddam Mahesh
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coumarin Assemblies in Solid State
Authors: Padilla‐Martinez Itzia I. , Martinez‐Martinez Francisco J. , Garcia‐Baez Efren V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocontrol of Neural Activity: Biophysical Mechanisms and Performance in vivo
Authors: Sjulson Lucas , Miesenboeck Gero
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Why Is It Important to Simultaneously Use More than One Chiroptical Spectroscopic Method for Determining the Structures of Chiral Molecules?
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomarkers for Drug Discovery: Important Aspects of in vitro Assay Design for HTS and HCS Bioassays
Authors: Irwin William A. , Jelic Dubravko , Antolovic Roberto
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Molecule Probing of Exocytotic Protein Interactions Using Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Montana Vedrana , Liu Wei , Mohideen Umar , Parpura Vladimir
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Eating disorder symptoms among undergraduate varsity athletes, club athletes, independent exercisers, and nonexercisers
Authors: Holm‐Denoma Jill M. , Scaringi Vanessa , Gordon Kathryn H. , Van Orden Kimberly A. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

To examine whether differences in eating disorder symptoms exist between women who are varsity athletes, club athletes, independent exercisers, and nonexercisers and to determine whether sports anxiety moderates any observed between‐group effects.

Method:

Two hundred seventy four female undergraduates completed the eating disorders inventory and the physical activity and sport anxiety scale and reported their exercise habits.

Results:

Women who participated in sports tended to have higher levels of eating disorder symptomatology than those who did not. Higher levels of sports anxiety were predictive of higher levels of bulimic symptoms and drive for thinness. Finally, the interaction of sports anxiety and level of athletic participation significantly predicted body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms.

Conclusion:

Coaches and clinicians should be aware that athletes experience higher rates of eating disorder symptoms than nonathletes. Moreover, sports anxiety should be considered as a possible target of therapy among athletes. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Reactivity of (Mono‐tert‐butyloxiranyl)lithium: A Theoretical Ab Initio Study
Authors: Bouyacoub Abdelatif , Hadjadj‐Aoul Ratiba , Volatron François
Published: July 2008

The reactivity of the lithiated tert‐butyloxiranyl anion has been studied by means of ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)//MP2 level of theory. Four reaction paths have been studied (three ring‐opening reactions and one addition reaction). All extrema were located and characterised. The effects of solvation by one or two MeLi molecules were studied for each reaction path by reoptimising the various extrema. It was found that the addition reaction path becomes competitive when at least two MeLi molecules are taken into account. This shows the catalytic effect of alkyllithium on this reaction path. In no case could a free carbene be characterised as a reaction intermediate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Vanadium(V) Salen Complex Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Cyanoformylation of Aldehydes in the Presence of Imidazole as a Cocatalyst
Authors: Khan Noor‐ul H. , Agrawal Santosh , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Prathap K. Jeya , Jasra Raksh V.
Published: July 2008

Highly enantioselective cyanoformylation of aldehydes catalyzed by VV chiral salen complex by using ethyl cyanoformate as a source of cyanide was accomplished in the presence of several cocatalysts. Excellent yields and ee values for the resulting cyanohydrin carbonates were achieved when imidazole was used as a cocatalyst at –20 °C. The ee value of the cyanohydrin carbonate of 2‐naphthaldehyde was further improved to >99 % by recrystallization. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Starting electroosmotic flow in an annulus and in a rectangular channel
Authors: Chang Chien C. , Wang Chang Yi
Published: July 2008

The initial electroosmotic flow through a small pore or microchannel with annular or rectangular cross section is studied under the Debye‐Hückel approximation. Analytical series solutions and their asymptotic behavior for small and large non‐dimensional electrokinetic widths are found for these two basic cases. The explicit and accurate solutions are particularly useful for examining various geometric/physical effects on the transient time scales and the flow rates for the transient states. The steady flow rate of the smaller channel may be disproportionately smaller than a reference channel if the electric double layer is thick, but will be in close proportion to the area ratio if the electric double layer is thin. A smaller channel compared to a reference channel has a shorter transient time scale, and the transient flow has characters very different from the steady state if the electric double layer is thin. The total transient flow rate of several smaller pores or channels may exceed largely that of a single large pore or channel with the same total cross section on the transient time scale of the smaller channels. The results have important implications on liquid transport in micropores or channels by pulse voltages or more general time‐varying voltages.
Liver-specific ablation of integrin-linked kinase in mice results in abnormal histology, enhanced cell proliferation, and hepatomegaly
Authors: Gkretsi Vasiliki , Apte Udayan , Mars Wendy M. , Bowen William C. , Luo Jian-Hua , Yang Yu , Yu Yan P. , Orr Ann , St.-Arnaud René , Dedhar Shoukat , Kaestner Klaus H. , Wu Chuanyue , Michalopoulos George K.
Published: July 2008

Hepatocyte differentiation and proliferation are greatly affected by extracellular matrix (ECM). Primary hepatocytes cultured without matrix dedifferentiate over time, but matrix overlay quickly restores differentiation. ECM also is critical in liver regeneration where ECM degradation and reconstitution are steps in the regenerative process. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a cell-ECM-adhesion component implicated in cell–ECM signaling by means of integrins. We investigated the role of ILK in whole liver by using the LoxP/Cre model system. ILK was eliminated from the liver by mating homozygous ILK-floxed animals with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under control of the α fetoprotein enhancer and albumin promoter. After ablation of ILK, animals are born normal. Soon after birth, however, they develop histologic abnormalities characterized by disorderly hepatic plates, increased proliferation of hepatocytes and biliary cells, and increased deposition of extracellular matrix. Cell proliferation is accompanied by increased cytoplasmic and nuclear stabilization of β-catenin. After this transient proliferation of all epithelial components, proliferation subsides and final liver to body weight ratio in livers with ILK deficient hepatocytes is two times that of wild type. Microarray analysis of gene expression during the stage of cell proliferation shows up-regulation of integrin and matrix-related genes and a concurrent down-regulation of differentiation-related genes. After the proliferative stage, however, the previous trends are reversed resulting in a super-differentiated phenotype in the ILK-deficient livers.

Conclusion:

Our results show for the first time

in vivo

the significance of ILK and hepatic ECM-signaling for regulation of hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation. (Hepatology 2008;48:1932-1941.)
Bile duct proliferation in Jag1 /fringe heterozygous mice identifies candidate modifiers of the alagille syndrome hepatic phenotype
Authors: Ryan Matthew J. , Bales Christina , Nelson Anthony , Gonzalez Dorian M. , Underkoffler Lara , Segalov Michelle , Wilson-Rawls Jeanne , Cole Susan E. , Moran Jennifer L. , Russo Pierre , Spinner Nancy B. , Kusumi Kenro , Loomes Kathleen M.
Published: July 2008

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder associated with bile duct paucity and various organ anomalies. The syndrome is caused by mutations in

JAG1

, which encodes a ligand in the Notch signaling pathway, in the majority of cases and mutations in the

NOTCH2

receptor gene in less than 1% of patients. Although a wide array of

JAG1

mutations have been identified in the AGS population, these mutational variants have not accounted for the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with this syndrome. The Fringe genes encode glycosyltransferases, which modify Notch and alter ligand-receptor affinity. In this study, we analyzed double heterozygous mouse models to examine the Fringe genes as potential modifiers of the Notch-mediated hepatic phenotype observed in AGS. We generated mice that were haploinsufficient for both

Jag1

and one of three paralogous Fringe genes: Lunatic (

Lfng

), Radical (

Rfng

), and Manic (

Mfng

). Adult

Jag1

+/−

Lfng

+/− and

Jag1

+/−

Rfng

+/− mouse livers exhibited widespread bile duct proliferation beginning at 5 weeks of age and persisting up to 1 year. The

Jag1

+/−

Mfng

+/− livers showed a subtle, yet significant increase in bile duct numbers and bile duct to portal tract ratios. These abnormalities were not observed in the newborn period. Despite the portal tract expansion by bile ducts, fibrosis was not increased and epithelial to mesenchymal transition was not shown in the affected portal tracts.

Conclusion:

Mice heterozygous for mutations in

Jag1

and the Fringe genes display striking bile duct proliferation, which is not apparent at birth. These findings suggest that the Fringe genes may regulate postnatal bile duct growth and remodeling, and serve as candidate modifiers of the hepatic phenotype in AGS. (Hepatology 2008;48:1989–1997.)
Xenobiotic incorporation into pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can occur via the exogenous lipoylation pathway
Authors: Walden Hannah R. , Kirby John A. , Yeaman Stephen J. , Gray Joe , Jones David E. , Palmer Jeremy M.
Published: July 2008

Lipoylated enzymes such as the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) are targets for autoreactive immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis, with lipoic acid itself forming a component of the dominant auto-epitopes. A candidate mechanism for the initiation of tolerance breakdown in this disease is immune recognition of neo-antigens formed by xenobiotic substitution of normal proteins. Importantly, sensitization with proteins artificially substituted with the lipoic acid analogue xenobiotic 6-bromohexanoic acid (6BH) can induce an immune response that cross-reacts with PDC-E2. This study investigated the potential of recombinant lipoylation enzymes lipoate activating enzyme and lipoyl-AMP(GMP):

N

-lysine lipoyl transferase to aberrantly incorporate xenobiotics into PDC-E2. It was found that these enzymes could incorporate lipoic acid analogues including octanoic and hexanoic acids and the xenobiotic 6BH into PDC-E2. The efficiency of incorporation of these analogues showed a variable dependence on activation by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP), with ATP favoring the incorporation of hexanoic acid and 6BH whereas GTP enhanced substitution by octanoic acid. Importantly, competition studies showed that the relative incorporation of both 6BH and lipoic acid could be regulated by the balance between ATP and GTP, with the formation of 6BH-substituted PDC-E2 predominating in an ATP-rich environment.

Conclusion:

Using a well-defined system

in vitro

we have shown that an important xenobiotic can be incorporated into PDC in place of lipoic acid by the exogenous lipoylation system; the relative levels of lipoic acid and xenobiotic incorporation may be determined by the balance between ATP and GTP. These observations suggest a clear mechanism for the generation of an auto-immunogenic neo-antigen of relevance for the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2008;48:1874-1884.)
Overexpression of mineralocorticoid and transdominant glucocorticoid receptor blocks the impairing effects of glucocorticoids on memory
Authors: Ferguson Deveroux , Sapolsky Robert
Published: July 2008

It is well established that mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) influence hippocampal‐dependent spatial memory. MRs are saturated in the presence of low corticosterone (CORT) levels; consequently receptor protein levels play a rate‐limiting role in regulating the positive effects of MR‐mediated gene transcription. In this study, viral vector‐mediated transgene expression was used to simultaneously manipulate both MR and GR signaling. This approach allowed us to investigate the effects of spatially restricted overexpression of MR and a negative transdominant GR (TD) in the dentate gyrus (DG) subfield of the hippocampus, on short term and long term spatial memory in animals overexpressing one copy of MR or TD, two copies of MR (“MR/MR”), or one copy of each (“MR/TD”). Expression of transgenes did not influence the acquisition (learning) phase of the Morris water maze task. However, we found an overall enhancing effect of MR/MR expression on short term memory performance. In addition, rats expressing TD and MR/TD blocked the high CORT‐induced impairments on long term spatial memory retrieval. These findings illustrate the potential beneficial effects of increasing MR signaling or decreasing GR signaling to enhance specific aspects of cognitive function. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced cholinergic status in hippocampus produces spatial memory deficits when combined with kainic acid induced seizures
Authors: Craig Laura A. , Hong Nancy S. , Kopp Joelle , McDonald Robert J.
Published: July 2008

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in North America today. Though many risk factors have been suggested to increase the likelihood of developing this disease, an accurate etiology has yet to be described. One of these risk factors commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease is the loss of cholinergic neurons of the medial septum that project to the hippocampus, leading to depletion in cholinergic activity. A second risk factor is the presence of seizures, which can increase the risk of excitotoxic cell death. To examine the interaction between these two common risk factors, we gave rats a focal cholinergic lesion of the medial septum using the specific immunotoxin 192‐IgG Saporin, followed 2 weeks later by a non‐convulsive dose of kainic acid. We then assessed the rats for seizure severity, hippocampal damage and performance on a spatial memory task. The combination of the two factors resulted in a trend towards increased seizure severity in the cholinergic depleted rats, but more importantly, the lesioned rats that had non‐convulsive seizures were significantly impaired on a spatial version of the Morris water maze when compared with either the rats with a cholinergic depletion or non‐convulsive seizure alone. This result could not be explained by seizure severity or the extent of hippocampal damage, suggesting a more subtle interaction between these two risk factors in the development of a hippocampal based memory impairment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Secoiridoid Glucosides from Swertia japonica
Authors: Kikuchi Masafumi , Kakuda Rie , Yaoita Yasunori , Kikuchi Masao
Published: July 2008

Four new secoiridoid glucosides, swertiajaposides C–F (1–4, resp.), were isolated from the whole plant of Swertia japonica Makino together with two known compounds, 8‐hydroxy‐10‐hydrosweroside (5) and senburiside IV (6). The structures of 1–4 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic, chemical, and physicochemical evidence.
Decanedioic Acid (C10H18O4)/Dodecanedioic Acid (C12H22O4) System: Polymorphism of the Components and Experimental Phase Diagram
Authors: Ventolà Lourdes , Bayés Laura , Benages Raül , Novegil‐Anleo Francisco Javier , Cuevas‐Diarte Miquel Ángel , Calvet Teresa , Mondieig Denise
Published: July 2008

The experimental temperature/composition phase diagram of the binary system decanedioic acid (C10H18O4)/dodecanedioic acid (C12H22O4) was established by combining X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential‐scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo‐optical microscopy (TOM). Both compounds crystallize in the same ordered form, C (P21/c), which is the phase that melts in both cases. The C form melts in C12H22O4 earlier than in C10H18O4, in contrast to other unbranched‐chain compounds (alkanes, alkanols, and alkanoic acids) in which the melting temperatures increase as the C‐atom number rises. Contrary to what might be expected, total solid‐state miscibility is not observed. The C10H18O4/C12H22O4 binary system shows a complex phase diagram. At low temperatures, a new monoclinic form, Ci (P21/c), stabilizes as a result of the disorder of composition in the mixed samples; two [C+Ci] domains appear. Upon heating, four solid–solid and seven solid–liquid domains appear related by eutectic and peritectic invariants. All the crystallographic forms observed are isostructural.
Crystal Structure of Garciniaphenone and Evidences on the Relationship between Keto–Enol Tautomerism and Configuration
Authors: Martins Felipe T. , Camps I. , Doriguetto Antônio C. , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Ellena Javier , Barbosa Luiz C. A.
Published: July 2008

Garciniaphenone (=rel‐(1R,5R,7R)‐3‐benzoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐8,8‐dimethyl‐1,7‐bis(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐ene‐2,9‐dione; 1), a novel natural product, was isolated from a hexane extract of Garcinia brasiliensis fruits. The crystal structure of 1 as well as the selected geometrical and configurational features were compared with those of known related polyprenylated benzophenones. Garciniaphenone is the first representative of polyprenylated benzophenones without a prenyl substituent at C(5). Notably, the absence of a 5‐prenyl substituent has an impact on the molecular geometry. The tautomeric form of 1 in the solid state was readily established by a residual‐electronic‐density map generated by means of a difference Fourier analysis, and there is an entirely delocalized six‐membered chelate ring encompassing the keto–enol moiety. The configuration at C(7) was used to rationalize the nature of the keto–enol tautomeric form within 1. The intermolecular array in the network is maintained by nonclassical intermolecular H‐bonds.
Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines: Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Sivasubramanian Aravind , Rodrigues Lígia M. , Seijas Julio A. , Pilar Vázquez‐Tato M. , Peixoto Francisco , Abreu Carlos G. , Cidade Honorina , Oliveira Ana Elizabete , Pinto Madalena
Published: July 2008

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of various pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines by using microwave irradiation under solvent‐free conditions. The advantages of applying microwave irradiation compared with the classical method were demonstrated. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by the usual techniques and, in two cases, by X‐ray analysis. The compounds did not display appreciable ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. Screening for antifungal activity showed that some derivatives were active against four fungi, with more significant results for Botrytis.
Xylocosides A – G, Phenolic Glucosides from the Stems of Xylosma controversum
Authors: Xu Zheng‐Ren , Chai Xing‐Yun , Bai Chang‐Cai , Ren Hong‐Yan , Lu Ya‐Nan , Shi Hai‐Ming , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: July 2008

Seven new phenolic glucosides, xylocosides A–G (1–7), together with 18 known compounds were isolated from the stems of Xylosma controversum Clos. In compounds 3–6, the glucose residue is esterified at C(6) by 2‐hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid. These new structures were established by spectroscopic‐data interpretation and chemical methods.
Replication competent Semliki Forest virus prolongs survival in experimental lung cancer
Authors: Määttä Ann‐Marie , Mäkinen Kimmo , Ketola Anna , Liimatainen Timo , Yongabi Felicitas Newu , Vähä‐Koskela Markus , Pirinen Risto , Rautsi Outi , Pellinen Riikka , Hinkkanen Ari , Wahlfors Jarmo
Published: July 2008

We evaluated the therapeutic potential of the replication competent vector VA7‐EGFP, which is based on the avirulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) strain A7 (74) carrying the EGFP marker gene in an orthotopic lung cancer tumor model in nude mice. We have previously shown that this oncolytic vector destroys tumor cells efficiently in vitro and in vivo (in subcutaneous tumor model). Tumor growth in animals with orthotopically implanted adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were monitored during the study with small animal CT. We show that locally administered virotherapy with VA7‐EGFP increased survival rate in experimental lung cancer significantly (p < 0.001) comparable to results obtained with the second generation conditionally replicating adenoviral vector Ad5‐Δ24TK‐GFP, used for comparison. The limited efficacy in systemically administered oncolytic viruses is the essential problem in oncolytic virotherapy and also in this study we were not able to elicit significant response with systemic administration route. Despite the fact that tumor microenvironment in orthotopic lung cancer is more optimal, viruses failed to home to the tumors and were unable to initiate efficient intratumoral replication. Clearly, the efficacy of virotherapy is influenced by many factors such as the route of virus administration, immunological and physiological barriers and cancer cell–specific features (IFN‐responsiveness). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of body weight in the relationship between physical activity and endometrial cancer: Results from a large cohort of US women
Authors: Patel Alpa V. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Talbot Jeffrey T. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Rodriguez Carmen , Patel Roshni C. , Thun Michael J. , Calle Eugenia E.
Published: July 2008

Factors influencing circulating estrogen levels, insulin‐mediated pathways or energy balance through obesity‐related mechanisms, such as physical activity, have been proposed as potential risk factors for endometrial cancer. We examined measures of physical activity in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence and mortality, using information obtained at baseline in 1992. From 1992 to 2003, 466 incident endometrial cancers were identified among 42,672 postmenopausal women with intact uteri who were cancer‐free at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) while adjusting for potential confounders. To assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in this relationship, we computed multivariate RR with and without adjustment for BMI and stratifying by BMI. All measures of physical activity and the avoidance of sedentary behavior were associated with lower endometrial cancer risk. Baseline recreational physical activity was associated with 33% lower risk (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.44–1.03 for 31.5+vs. <7 MET‐hr/week, trendp= 0.007) in the multivariate model without BMI. However, the trend was attenuated after further adjustment for BMI (trendp= 0.18). BMI significantly modified the association between physical activity and endometrial cancer risk (heterogeneity of trendsp= 0.01). The inverse relationship was seen only among overweight or obese women (trendp= 0.003) and not in normal weight women (trendp= 0.51). In summary, light and moderate physical activity including daily life activities were associated with lower endometrial cancer risk in our study, especially among women who are overweight or obese. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women
Authors: Jee Sun Ha , Yun Ji Eun , Park Eun Jung , Cho Eo Rin , Park Il Su , Sull Jae Woong , Ohrr Heechoul , Samet Jonathan M
Published: July 2008

Obesity is associated with diverse health risks, but the role of body weight (BMI) as a risk factor for all and site‐specific cancers remains controversial and risks for cancer associated with obesity have not been well‐characterized in Asians. Body weight and risk for cancer were examined in a 14‐year prospective cohort study of 1,213,829 Koreans aged 30–95 years insured by the National Health Insurance Corporation who had a biennial medical evaluation in 1992–1995. Incidence rates for all cancers and site‐specific cancers were examined in relation to BMI. Age‐ and smoking‐status adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. For both sexes, the average baseline BMI was 23.2 kg/m2, and the association of risk for all‐cancers with BMI was positive. Obese men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were at increased risk for developing the following cancers: stomach (1.31, 1.05–1.64), colon (1.42, 1.02–1.98), liver (1.63, 1.27–2.10) and gallbladder (1.65, 1.11–2.44). Obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were at increased risk for developing liver cancer (1.39, 1.00–1.94), pancreatic cancer (1.80, 1.14–2.86) and breast cancer among women aged ≥50 years old (1.38, 1.00–1.90). The HRs were comparable in never and ever smokers for all cancers and all specific sites except for lung cancer. For all cancers common to both sexes, the association was significantly weaker (p< 0.01) in females. Our study provides further confirmation of the excess cancer risk associated with obesity. Rising obesity in Asian populations raises concern that increasing numbers of avoidable cancer cases will occur among Asians. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclin E in centrosome duplication and reduplication in sea urchin zygotes
Authors: Schnackenberg Bradley J. , Marzluff William F. , Sluder Greenfield
Published: July 2008

When protein synthesis is completely blocked from before fertilization, the sea urchin zygote arrests in first S phase and the paternal centrosome reduplicates multiple times. However, when protein synthesis is blocked starting in prophase of first mitosis, the zygote divides and the blastomeres arrest in a G1‐like state. The centrosome inherited from this mitosis duplicates only once in each blastomere for reasons that are not understood. The late G1 rise in cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activity initiates centrosome duplication in mammalian cells and its activity is needed for centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts. Since the half‐time for cyclin E turnover is normally ∼1 h in sea urchin zygotes, the different behaviors of centrosomes during G1 and S phase arrests could be due to differential losses of cyclin E and its associated kinase activities at these two arrest points. To better understand the mechanisms that limit centrosome duplication, we characterize the levels of cyclin E and its associated kinase activity at the S phase and G1 arrest points. We first demonstrate that cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activity is required for centrosome duplication and reduplication in sea urchin zygotes. Next we find that cyclin E levels and cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activities are both constitutively and equivalently elevated during both the S phase and G1 arrests. This indicates that centrosome duplication during the G1 arrest is limited by a block to reduplication under conditions permissive for duplication. The cytoplasmic conditions of S phase, however, abrogate this block to reduplication. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 626–631, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dimensional soft tissue thermal injury analysis using transmission line matrix (TLM) method
Authors: Bellia S. Aliouat , Saidane A. , Benzohra M. , Saiter J. M. , Hamou A.
Published: July 2008

The skin is sensitive to temperature change and the effect may not be significant while the temperature at the surface is below 44°C. However, higher surface temperatures (above 44°C) will further incur time burning and carbonization so that irreversible damage may happen. An investigation of the heating intensity and the duration of the exposure to the heating source suggested that when the surface temperature is greater than 51°C, the exposure time required to destroy the epidermis is so short that trans‐epidermal necrosis may occur. In this paper, we present one‐ and two‐dimensional numerical models based on transmission line matrix (TLM) method for a quantitative prediction of skin burn injury resulting from the exposure of the skin surface to a high temperature heat source. Transient temperatures are numerically estimated by solving the Pennes' bioheat equation, and the damage function denoting the extent of burn injury is calculated using the Arrhenius assumptions for protein damage rate. The TLM model is used to analyse the effects of exposure time and geometrical dimensions of mutlilayered skin, on the transient temperature distribution and damage extension. TLM results showed good agreement with other numerical sources, suggesting that TLM modelling can be used as a tool for an effective thermal diagnostic of burn injuries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure dating and reinterpretation of coarse debris accumulations (‘rock glaciers’) in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland
Authors: Ballantyne Colin K. , Schnabel Christoph , Xu Sheng
Published: July 2008

Relict rock glaciers have considerable potential for contributing to palaeoclimatic reconstruction, but this potential is often undermined by lack of dating control and problems of interpretation. Here we reinvestigate and date four proposed ‘rock glaciers’ in the Cairngorm Mountains and show that the morphology of only one of these appears consistent with that of a true rock glacier produced by creep of underlying ice or ice‐rich sediment. All four features comprise rockslide or rock avalanche runout debris, and the possibility that all four represent unmodified runout accumulations cannot be discounted. Surface exposure dating of the four debris accumulations using cosmogenic 10Be produced uncertainty‐weighted mean ages of 15.4 ± 0.8 ka, 16.2 ± 1.0 ka, 12.1 ± 0.6 ka and 12.7 ± 0.8 ka. All four ages imply emplacement under cold stadial conditions, two prior to the Windermere Interstade of ca. 14.5–12.9 cal. ka BP and two during the Loch Lomond Stade of ca. 12.9–11.5 cal. ka BP. The above ages indicate that paraglacial rock‐slope failure on granite rockwalls occurred within a few millennia after deglaciation. The mean exposure ages obtained for runout debris at two sites – Strath Nethy (16.2 ± 1.0 ka) and Lairig Ghru (15.4 ± 0.8 ka) – are consistent with basal radiocarbon ages from Loch Etteridge, 22 km to the southwest (mean = 15.6 ± 0.3 cal. ka BP) and imply widespread deglaciation of the Cairngorms and adjacent valleys before 15 ka and possibly 16 ka. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyamide 11/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends as Novel Flexible Materials for Capacitors
Authors: Li Rui , Xiong Chuanxi , Kuang Dongliang , Dong Lijie , Lei Youan , Yao Junlong , Jiang Ming , Li Liubin
Published: July 2008

A novel capacitor with high dielectric constant (ε) has been developed by blending poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polyamide (PA11). The blends show high dielectric constants (εblend = 40), which give better frequency stability (1 MHz), and excellent mechanical properties. Based on certain volume fractions, the measured dielectric constants (εblend) were found to exceed those of the corresponding polymers, in contrasted to conventional composites, where εpolymerA < εcomposite < εpolymerB. SEM investigations suggest that the enhanced dielectric behavior originates from significant interfacial polymer‐polymer interactions. DSC and XRD demonstrate that blending PA11 with PVDF affects the crystalline behavior of each component. However, the PA11/PVDF blends exhibit a slightly high dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.17), which is a great disadvantage to a capacitor. Adding a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride decreased the dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.057) and increased the dielectric constant (εblend = 60). Our findings suggest that the high‐ε polymeric blends created represent a novel type of material that is flexible and easy to process, of relatively high dielectric constant, of high breakdown strength and, moreover, is suited to applications in flexible electronics.

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Synthesis and Absorption Spectra of n‐Type Conjugated Polymers Based on Perylene Diimide
Authors: Huo Lijun , Zhou Yi , Li Yongfang
Published: July 2008

Two novel n‐type conjugated polymers based on perylene diimide (PDI), poly(PDI‐vinylene) (PDIV), and poly(PDI‐thienylene) (PDITh), have been designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. In comparison with the PDI monomer (compound M1), PDIV and PDITh films show a significantly broad absorption band from 380 to 720 nm, and a narrower bandgap of ≈1.71 and 1.74 eV, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of the two polymers display a couple of reversible reduction/re‐oxidation (n‐doping/dedoping) peaks. The onset reduction (n‐doping) potentials of PDIV and PDITh are at −0.62 V and −0.66 V versus Ag/Ag+ respectively, which correspond to the electron affinities (EAs) of 4.09 eV for PDIV and 4.05 eV for PDITh. The EA values of the two polymers are the highest among the n‐type conjugated polymers reported to date. The results indicate that PDIV and PDITh could be used as polymer acceptors in all polymer solar cells.

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Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells
Authors: Tan Fengwei , Lu Lifang , Cai Yun , Wang Jinglan , Xie Yunfei , Wang Lin , Gong Yanhua , Xu Bing‐e , Wu Jun , Luo Ying , Qiang Boqin , Yuan Jiangang , Sun Xiaoqing , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: July 2008

Post‐translational modification by ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub‐like modifiers is one of the most important mechanisms regulating a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Through mediating 26S proteasome‐dependent degradation of substrates, the covalent modification of proteins by multiple Ub (ubiquitination) can regulate many different cellular functions such as transcription, antigen processing, signal transduction and cell cycle. To better understand ubiquitination and its functions, proteomic approaches have been developed to purify and identify more protein substrates. The S5a subunit of the 26S proteasome binds to poly‐Ub chains containing four or more Ub. In this study, immobilized GST‐S5a fusion protein was used to affinity‐purify ubiquitinated proteins from Chang liver cells. The purified proteins were then identified with multi‐dimensional LC combined with MS/MS. Eighty‐three potential ubiquitination substrates were identified. From these proteins, 19 potential ubiquitination sites on 17 potential substrates were determined. These potential ubiquitination substrates are mainly related to important cellular functions including metabolism, translation and transcription. Our results provide helpful information for further understanding of the relationship between ubiquitination machinery and different cell functions.