bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMMAGINI DELLA CINA NEL PENSIERO POLITICO ITALIANO IN ETÃ€ MODERNA
Authors: Pissavino Paolo Costantino
Published: June 2021

The present study aims at analyzing the relationship between the image of the Chinese Empire in the writings of travellers and Jesuits and the main themes (Reason of State, Utopianism, Mixed Constitution) of the Italian political thought during the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. The writings of travellers and Jesuits presented a complex view of the Empire, which impacts in various ways the spread of the Chinese myth in the political treatises of the Counter-Reformation era. The complexity is evident in the description the relations provide of sovereignty and the behaviour of the emperor. From the very beginning of Della entrata della Compagnia di GiesÃ¹ e ChristianitÃ  nella Cina is presented a complex image of the Chinese government: along with the absolutist delineation of the imperial power, there are conflicting images that, regarding either a distant past or current government practice, recognized other forms: a feudal style of monarchy, a sort of mixed constitution, or a form of dispotic govetrnment. Matteo Ricci and other Jesuits, as Martino Martini and Athanasius Kircher, presented the Mandarins as a slort of Kings-Philosophers of Platoâ€™s Republic. Following the works composed by Jesuits, some authors pf Reason of State and utopist (Giovanni Botero and Ludovico Zuccolo) pointed out that the perfec tion of the Chinese political and social institutions could really preserve the Empire from corruption, an Empire that had to be considered a paradigm of a well ordered state, as another Jesuit, Daniello Bartoli, wrote in his book on China.
PETRARCA GHIBELLINO? ROMA E Lâ€™IMPERO NEI RERUM FAMILIARIUM LIBRI
Authors: Conetti Mario
Published: June 2021

A few, but very meaningful pieces from Petrarchâ€™s Familiari deal with the Holy Roman Empire and its institutions, especially because of the role they played in italian politics. Although Petrarch is not a systematic political thinker, the imperial idea of Rome plays a pivotal role. It seems possible to demonstrare that Petrarch has been influenced by official documents by Henry VII, eventually Manfred of Suabia, and mostly by civil lawyers and the sources of Roman law. These last item belongs to Petrarchâ€™s commitment towards a recovery for his present days of Roman classical heritage. All this said, political issues still play only an instrumental role, connected with the immediate needs of those powers, the Visconti household first and most but also emperor Charles IV himself, Petrarch was intimately connected to. Though Petrarch sincerely advocates Roman classical tradition, he is a ghibellino only for a matter of opportunity, or rather of the opportunity of those powers he decided to serve, and their immediate political needs.
What are the ideal characteristics of a venous stent?
Authors: Massi Ilaria , Zamboni Paolo
Published: June 2021

Historically, the stents used in the venous system were not dedicated scaffolds. They were largely adapted arterial stents. An essential feature of a venous stent is compliance, in order to adapt its crosssectional area to the vein. It should also be crush resistant, corrosion resistant and fatigue resistant. The material should be radiopaque, for follow-up. Another characteristic of the ideal venous stent is flexibility, to adapt its shape to the vein, not vice versa. The scaffold should be uncovered too, in order to avoid the occlusion of collaterals. The ideal venous stent should not migrate, so it is necessary a large diameter and a long length. The radial force is important to prevent migration. However, current stents derived from arterial use display high radial force, which could affect the patency of the thin venous wall. Alternatively, if the stent has an anchor point, that permits a passive anchoring, the radial force required to avoid migration will be lower. Dedicated venous stents were not available until very recently. Furthermore, there is a preclinical study about a new compliant nitinol stent, denominated Petalo CVS. Out of the commonest causes of large veins obstruction, dedicated venous stent could also treat other diseases described more recently, such as the jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome, JEDI syndrome and jugular lesions of the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency that result unfavorable for angioplasty according to Giaquinta classification.
Assessment of Acclimation of 5th Percentile Female and 50th Percentile Male Volunteer Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal and Frontal-Oblique Sled Tests
Authors:   Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Injury Biomechanics, Chan Hana , Albert Devon ,   Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Injury Biomechanics, Gayzik F Scott ,   Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Injury Biomechanics, Kemper Andrew R ,   Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Injury Biomechanics
Published: June 2021

In order to accurately represent the response of live occupants during pre-crash events and frontal crashes, computational human body models (HBMs) that incorporate active musculature must be validated with appropriate volunteer data that represents a wide range of demographic groups and potential crash conditions. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare occupant kinematic responses for unaware (relaxed) small female and midsize male volunteers during low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests across multiple test conditions, while recognizing, assessing, and accounting for potential acclimation effects due to multiple exposures. Six 5th percentile female and six 50th percentile male volunteers were exposed to multiple low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests on two separate test days. Volunteers experienced one test orientation and two pulse severities (1 g and 2.5 g) on each test day. A Vicon motion capture system was used to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the volunteers. Peak forward excursions of select body locations were compared within a test day and between test days for the same test condition to determine if and how acclimation occurred. Differences between demographic groups were also compared after accounting for any observed acclimation. Acclimation was not observed within a test day but was observed between test days for some demographic groups and some test conditions. In general, head, neck, and shoulder responses were affected, but the elbow, hip, and knee responses were not. Males generally moved farther forward compared to females during the frontal tests, but both groups moved forward similarly during the frontal-oblique tests. Overall, this study provides new female and male biomechanical data that can be used to further develop and validate HBMs that incorporate active musculature in order to better understand and assess occupant response and injury risk in pre-crash events and frontal crashes.
Editor’s notes
Authors: Ekpenyong Bernadine Nsa
Published: June 2021

No Abstract.
Bacterial adhesion to Conventional and Silicone hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: Iyamu Eghosasere , Ekhaise Frederick Osaro
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion of bacteria to worn silicone hydrogel and conventional soft contact lenses.Methods: Bacterial adhesion experiments / assays were performed on 24 worn and 6 unworn soft contact lenses each of different materials (high- and low- gas permeable lenses) using the strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.Results: P. aeruginosa adhered in increased number to worn than unworn Lotrafilcon A and conventional lenses. However, a higher number of P. aeruginosa adhered to unworn than worn Lotrafilcon B, the difference in the mean adhesion was not significant (p = 0.66). S. aureus adhered in significantly decreased number to worn Lotrafilcon A, nelfilcon A, nesofilcon A, etafilcon A and omafilcon A (p<0.05); butsignificantly higher number adhered to worn than unworn polymacon (p<0.05). Lens wear had no effect on the adhesion of S. aureus to Lotrafilcon B (p>0.05). The least adhesion of P. aeruginosa to worn contact lenses was seen with polymacon, while S. aureus adhered in least number to worn Lotrafilcon A compared to the other contact lens materials that demonstrated the same trend in adhesion.Conclusion: The higher adhesion of P. aeruginosa to worn lenses is consistent with the claim that it is the most implicated in all culture-positive contact lens related bacterial keratitis. Lens wear has different effects on bacterial adhesion, which may be due to type of lens materials and bacterial species/genera studied.

Keywords: Silicone hydrogel lenses, conventional lenses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial adhesion.
Subspecialty training in Ophthalmology; How far?
Authors: Monsudi Kehinde Fasasi , Ayodapo Abayomi Olusola
Published: June 2021

No Abstract.
The Shifts to Online Learning: Think Piece: Assumptions, Implications and Possibilities for Quality Education in Teacher Education
Authors: Tshiningayamwe Sirkka , Silo Ntha , Dirwai Crispen
Published: June 2021

With the advent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which has spread to the majority of countries across the world, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. Governments all over the world, including in southern Africa, introduced measures such as the banning of large gatherings, closure of borders, schools and institutions of higher learning to curb the spread of COVID-19. To ensure ongoing teaching and learning, institutions of higher learning made resolutions to transition to remote/online teaching and learning. While online education has long preceded the pandemic, the spiraling of COVID-19 all over the world resulted in the upscaling of online teaching and learning in higher education institutions. Mandatory online teaching and learning was a relatively new practice to most lecturers and students in southern Africa. Drawing on two case stories from Botswana and Namibia, this paper offers a think piece on the shifts to online learning, considering assumptions, implications and possibilities for quality learning in teacher education, through a reflection by teacher educators of environment and sustainability courses. The assumptions in online learning were that students and teacher educators had the capacity and infrastructure for remote/online teaching and learning. This paper thus opens up opportunities for institutions of higher learning to scale up their Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and support for both students and teacher educators for online teaching and learning which have the potential to improve on quality education during times of crisis. Keywords: Online teaching and learning, ICT infrastructure, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), quality education
Appraisal of dog bite cases in Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia Abia state – Nigeria
Authors: Apeh D. , Nwagbo P.O. , Ifende V.I. , Oguche M.O. , Simon E.
Published: June 2021

Dog bite cases pose a major public health threat in Nigeria and other nations of the world. Millions of people are bitten by dogs, and most  cases are fatal when bitten by rabid dogs. This study evaluated dog bite cases in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. It is a retrospective study on the clinical records of dog bite patients managed between 2016 to 2018 at the Federal Medical Centre Umuahia. Out of 98 reported cases of dog bites, there was a higher incidence rate of (65.3%) among the male victims than females (37.7%). 19.4% of the cases were victims of less than 15 years of age. Lower limb (59.2%) was the major site of bite cases. 58.2% of the offending dogs were owned while 41.8% were stray dogs. Only 31.6% of offending dogs had up-to-date anti-rabies's vaccination. Clinic records showed that 52% of the patients werepresented within 24hrs of the incidence at the hospital. Use of herbal balms (48%) was the most pre-hospital treatment received by dog bite victims. 4 victims had confirmed rabies case. Wound sustained by victims included open wound, lacerations, bruises and avulsion. Treatment pattern was based on evaluated risk of exposure of victims. In conclusion, dog bite cases in this study occurred more in malesand adults with mostly owned dogs being involved in the reported cases. Most victims of dog bite cases at the Centre promptly presented their cases for medical consultation. Public awareness is required on the need to avoid provocative dog bites, prompt hospital visitation when bitten by a dog, and there is a need for dog owners to vaccinate their dogs annually against rabies.

Keywords: Appraisal, Dog- bite, rabies,treatment-regimen, Umuahia
Histopathological changes in gills and liver of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to acute concentrations of dry cell battery
Authors: Audu B.S. , Damshit M. , Omirinde J.O. , Wakawa I.A. , Sulaiman Y. , Wade J.W.
Published: June 2021

Waste dry cell batteries are frequently improperly disposed and subsequently washed into water bodies-- causing deleterious effects on fish particularly Clarias gariepinus which inhabits diverse freshwater habitats. Acute toxicity of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries was investigated on C. gariepinus fingerlings under laboratory conditions in 96 hours. Ten (10) C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to acute concentrations (0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 g/L) of waste dry cell batteries and a control (0.00 g/L), each duplicate replicated. Histopathological alterations  evident in the gills were lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, inter-lamella space occlusion, hypertrophy and erosion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed nuclear and hepatocytes degeneration, vacuolation and portal congestion. Acute concentrations of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries caused significant (P<0.05) changes in the histomorphology of the gills and liver of C. gariepinus fingerlings, therefore indiscriminate disposal of waste dry cell batteries around riparian ecosystem should be safeguarded to reduce the declining diversity and abundance of freshwater fish species.

Keywords: African catfish, 96 hr.LC50, Fingerlings, Histopathology Zinc-carbon battery
A Prospective Study of Patient Satisfaction in the Perioperative Period in a Tertiary Indian Insurance based Hospital
Authors: Banwait Sonali , Gupta Madhu
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is an important goal of health-care services and involves various aspects health-care delivery. Dissatisfaction expressed by patients’ compromises health-care delivery taking a toll on the both human resources and infrastructure. Perioperative care is an important aspect of healthcare delivery. Various validated questionnaires have been constructed to evaluate patient satisfaction. We undertook a study to measure perioperative patient satisfaction using Leiden perioperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire.
Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess perioperative patient satisfaction using a validated and structured questionnaire.
Methods We conducted this prospective cross-sectional observational study with Leiden perioperative satisfaction questionnaire translated to Hindi. The questionnaire had a total of 39 questions covering various dimensions such as information provided, side effects, fear and concern, staff-patient relationship, professional competence, and services received.
Results: Our results showed almost equal satisfaction among males and females. Demographic factors did not play a major role in patient satisfaction. Vomiting was the most common side effect observed in both general and regional anesthesia followed by hunger, which resulted in dissatisfaction. However, staff-patient communication and relationship with regard to information received by patient and fear and concern about surgery and anesthesia resulted in dissatisfaction.
Conclusions: Our study highlighted the communication barrier between health-care professionals and patients resulting in dissatisfaction. Thus, health-care providers need to be more sensitive to the emotional and mental health if the patients in the perioperative period.
Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Uninvestigated Dyspepsia: Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Shafiq Syed , Wadhwa Rajkumar P
Published: June 2021

Background: Dyspepsia is undoubtedly one of the most common complaints that primary care physicians and gastroenterologists encounter in their clinical practice and encompasses a constellation of symptoms localized to the upper abdomen. While majority of these patients have “functional dyspepsia” with no endoscopic abnormality to account for their symptoms, benign conditions such as peptic ulcer disease and reflux esophagitis are the most common endoscopic lesions noted in “organic dyspepsia.”
Aim: The aim of the study was to study the clinical and endoscopic profile of patients presenting with uninvestigated dyspepsia (patients with new or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms in whom no investigations have previously been undertaken) at our center.
Materials and Methods:: A hospital-based retrospective observational study which included both inpatient and outpatient population over a period of 2 years, from December 2014 to November 2016. Patients’ charts from our hospital database were reviewed and data with regard to demographic variables, clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia was analyzed.
Results A total of 280 patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The mean age of our study population was 45.2 years with 162 (58%) male and 118 (42%) female patients. The most common symptom was post-prandial fullness seen in 132 patients (47%). Endoscopy was reported as normal in 179 patients (64%) while 101 patients (36%) had an abnormal endoscopic finding with duodenal ulcer being the most common endoscopic abnormality (7.9%), followed by erosive gastritis (6.7%), reflux esophagitis (6.1%), gastric ulcer (3.9%), varioliform gastritis (3.2%), and esophageal/gastroesophageal junction malignancy (2.85%). Elderly (?50 years) patients with alarm symptoms such as weight loss, dysphagia, and/or anemia had a higher incidence of malignancy.
Conclusion About two-thirds (64%) of our study population had functional o
Nuevas aportaciones a la historia de la Iglesia parroquial de Gilena, Sevilla (siglos XVI-XIX)
Authors: Jordán Fernández Jorge Alberto
Published: June 2021

Ampliación de un estudio anterior (Isidorianum 24 [2015] 47-48) en la que se dan a conocer nuevas aportaciones acerca del devenir histórico de la iglesia parroquial de Gilena (Sevilla) desde sus orígenes, en el siglo XVI, hasta el siglo XIX.
Tek Dingilli Römork Platformu Tasarımında Profil Ölçüsü ve Malzeme Özelliklerinin Dayanıma Etkisi
Authors: SAYINCI Bahadır , TEKTAŞ Ali , ASLAN İsmet
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada 150×110 cm ölçülerinde 700 kg kapasiteli bir römork platformunun tasarımı yapılmış ve düşük maliyetli üretim için en uygun profil kesit ölçüleri ve malzemesi belirlenmiştir. Modellemede kare kesitli 40×40×3 ve 50×50×4 mm ölçülerinde kutu profiller kullanılmıştır. Platform malzemesi olarak küçük kesitli profilde S355 (St52) çeliği ve büyük kesitli profilde S235 (St37) çeliği seçilmiştir. Analizler sonlu elemanlar metoduna göre yapılmış ve statik yük analizi sonucunda kritik bölgelerde gerilme değeri, deplasman miktarı ve emniyet katsayısı verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre profil kesit ölçüleri 50×50×4 mm olan ve S235 çeliğinden imal edilen römorkun diğerine göre daha ekonomik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Römorkun süspansiyon düzeninde yaprak yay kullanılmış ve maksimum yüke uygun olarak piyasada bulunan muadillerine göre modellenmiştir. Yük analizi sonucunda yaprak yayda ortaya çıkan en büyük gerilme yay bağlantılarında oluşmuştur. Çalışmada dingil, porya, jant, teker, kriko ve kaplin seçimi yapılmış ve her bir bileşenin ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Sac levha, kabin arka kapağı, bağlantı elemanları vb. bileşenler hariç römorkun toplam ağırlığı yaklaşık 172 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretimde kaynak, işçilik, vergi ve nakliye giderleri hariç olmak üzere römork bileşenlerini oluşturan her bir parçanın piyasa fiyatı araştırılarak 700 kg kapasiteli tek dingilli römorkun toplam maliyeti çıkarılmıştır.
Evaluation of Sprinkler Irrigation Evaporation Losses in Ilaro, Ogun State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: OLUWAGBAYIDE Samuel Dare , FASANU Olugbenga , OLORUNTADE Ajayi Johnson
Published: June 2021

Under the prevailing climate change the world is currently facing, efficient irrigation water management is essential to ensure food security, especially in countries with similar climate to Nigeria. Hence, this study was undertaken at the Research Farm of Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation between March and July 2019. Experiments were performed using 360 rotating sprinkler and single nozzle of diameter 3 mm, while due cognizance was taken of the prevailing climatic conditions. Three operating pressures, namely, 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, representing low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure, respectively, were used. The results showed that operating pressures influence droplet sizes, droplet heights and flow rate during the experiment. In addition, it was observed that at operating pressures of 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, mean percentage of evaporation losses were 8.88%, 13.21% and 16.46%, respectively, indicating that evaporation losses increased with increasing operating pressure. Further analysis showed that percentage evaporation losses increased at higher relative humidity, thereby emphasizing the predominance of air temperature and wind velocity as climatic variable influencing sprinkler evaporation losses. The relationship between wind velocity (Vw ) and air temperature (Ta) and to predict evaporation losses (E ) was a function of E = 7.968Vw + 0.393Ta – 19.977. Therefore, it was concluded that, both climatic factors and operating pressures influence the rate of evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation, adequate attention should be paid to variation of climatic variables since sprinklers are sold with their specified operating pressures.
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Groundnut Dehulling and Separating Machine
Authors: ADENIGBA Ademola Adebukola , SEDARA Adewale Moses
Published: June 2021

The process of oil extraction can be enhanced by dehulling, oil produced from groundnut seeds serve as a good source of protein, vitamin, fat, oil, and crude fibers. A groundnut dehulling machine was developed, having two dehulling rollers, rubber beaters, screen, blower unit, seed and chaff outlet. The separator unit has a centrifugal blower, screen and collecting tray. It’s powered by 3 hp electric motor, which transmits constant speed of 3636 rpm to the blower and 1000 rpm to rubber beaters. Groundnut used was at 7.32% moisture content (w.b). Dehulling was achieved through the compression and shearing action of the rotating dehulling roller against the stationary dehulling roller. The effect of dehulling roller clearance (6.5 mm,7.0 mm, 7.35 mm and 7.5 mm) and speed (700 rpm and 750 rpm) was evaluated on dehulling efficiency, machine capacity, mechanical damage and separation efficiency. The result obtained after testing the machine shows that 7.35 mm clearance and 700 rpm of the dehulling roller gave optimum average dehulling efficiency 95.80%, separation efficiency 81.40% and the least mechanical damage 11.01%. Machine capacity of 97.98 kg h-1. was obtained at 750 rpm and 7 mm dehulling roller clearance. The results obtained during evaluation was statistically analyzed, multiple linear model equations which are capable of predicting the effect of dehulling roller clearance and speed on dehulling efficiency, machine capacity, mechanical damage and separation efficiency was developed.
Design and Fabrication of Egg Quality Assessment System Based on Image Processing
Authors: SHEIDAEE Ehsan , BAZYAR Pourya
Published: June 2021

Eggs are a nutritious and important food in human daily diet, which is considered as a protein source of food. The most acceptable index for evaluating egg quality is Haugh unit with two factors, i.e. the weight of intact egg and the height of broken egg’s albumin. Hauge unit has three classification: firm (higher than 72), reasonably firm (higher than 72), and weak (less than 60). Average results for Haugh unit on the first, fourth, eighth, twelfth, and sixteenth days (five eggs in each step) were 113.39, 91.47, 74.56, 72.04, and 64.14 respectively. On the first, fourth and eighth days, eggs were intact but the quality of the eggs decreases on the next days. This research aims to sort healthy eggs from others and swell the rate of sorting.
Impact of Improved Smoking Kiln Design on Hygiene and Timeliness of Drying of Smoked Fish
Authors: OKUSANYA Muyiwa Abiodun , OLUWAGBAYIDE Samuel Dare , OGUNLADE Christopher Bamidele
Published: June 2021

The techniques used in processing cat fish in developing economies of the world are not without several drawbacks. The most prominent is traditional method and this has been known to generate high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addressing the problems faced by processors in the industry, a fish smoker of 50 kg capacity that derives its power from dual heat sources (charcoal and gas) was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The smoking time was evaluated on the heat sources with and without the use of a suction blower. The fish had a smoking (retention) time of 4 hours when it was processed without the suction blower while the retention time decreased from 4 hours to 3 hours when the suction blower was used. The suction blower also has a significant impact on the moisture content on dry basis (MC d.b.). The MC d.b. values of smoked fish when suction blower was used with charcoal and gas for 4 hours duration were 10.45% and 11.76%, respectively. Without blower, the values were 14.3% and 11.70%, respectively. The processed smoked fish produced was hygienic, not likely to exceed maximum limits of PAHs allowed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency since materials used are stainless steel and the heat sources used were indirectly introduced into the smoking chamber. Hygienic processing and practices of smoked fish and products can ensure food safety in our society.
Quality Valuation of Direct Harvested Rainwater Near Nekede Landfill in Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: OBINECHE Christopher Ikechukwu , Chika EMEKA-CHRIS Cordella , IGBOJIONU Donatus Okwudiri , OBANI Chinedu
Published: June 2021

Quality assessment of direct harvested rainwater at Nekede landfill in Owerri west Local Government, Imo State, Nigeria was examined. Some physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed. The WHO (2006) domestic, irrigation and rules for consumption standards was used to assess if the harvested rainwater is impure or infected. The water samples were collected from four sampling locations at a distance of 20 m away from each other. EP samples (March-April 2019) shows, turbidity ranged 5.0-5.20 NTU, Cl (3.40-3.90), Mn (0.05-0.09), NO3-N (8.40-9.90), PO43- (0.03-0.05) mg l-1 falls within the limit, Cu 1.0-1.10 mg l-1, Zn 3.00-3.10 mg l-1 falls within WHO standards only. Cd, Al and Co2 were above the standards, SAR and Na was Not detected (ND). PP (June - July 2019) shows turbidity, Cu, Cl, Mn, Ca, NO3- N, Na, and PO43- falls within the recommended standards. Cd (0.02), Al (0.02-0.06), CO2 (5.00-5.10) mg l-1 was above the standards, while SAR and Zn has (4.63-47.27) (3.00-3.20) mg l-1 falls within WHO standard and Mg (0.43-0.60) mg l-1 falls within FAO. E-Coli results on EP 20-32, PP 10-35 and Coliform count EP (ND), peak precipitation (1-10) falls within FAO standards, Salmonella EP and PP was above WHO and FAO standards. The bacteriological parameters indicates that the water is not fit for drinking, thus the water has been seriously contaminated with dangerous pollutants.
A GIS Integrational Framework for Poorly Resourced Schools
Authors: Fleischmann Elfrieda , van der Westhuizen Christo
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an integration framework for an interactive GIS tutor (IGIST) application in poorly resourced schools. A content analysis of 35 countries, a national online survey (n=222) as well as teacher interviews (n=10) informed this study. Models such as the Technology Integration Planning model (TIP), Rogers’s diffusion model and the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge model (TPACK) provided the theoretical background. After the said framework was theoretically evaluated, a quasi-experiment was performed in nine classes. Focus group interviews (n=6), teacher interviews (n=6) and evaluation forms (n=149) evaluated the viability of the IGIST integration framework.
REPRÉSENTATIONS CONCEPTUELLES D'ÉTUDIANTS DU SECONDAIRE PROFESSIONNEL: PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DE LA DIODE NON POLARISÉE / CONCEPTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF STUDENTS PROFESSIONAL SECONDARY: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE NON-POLARIZED DIODE
Authors: Métioui Abdeljalil
Published: June 2021

Une méthode de recherche de type qualitatif a permis d’identifier les représentations conceptuelles d’étudiants du secondaire professionnel (17 à 20 ans) au Québec, en ce qui concerne les propriétés physiques d’un objet technique, à savoir une diode non polarisée. Nous procédons à cette reconstitution à partir de moyens classiques, tels le questionnaire écrit et les entretiens individuels. Cette étude nous permet, d’une part, de mettre en évidence ces conceptions et, d’autre part, de proposer quelques orientations didactiques. Notre recherche démontre qu’après un enseignement formel, les conceptions des élèves interrogés sont erronées comparativement à celles communément acceptées. Ces résultats mettent en lumière une mauvaise appropriation de notions telles que les porteurs de charges mobiles (électrons et trous) et les porteurs de charges fixes (ions).

Following the guidelines of qualitative type research, we shall in this paper reconstitute the conceptual representations by secondary level students at the professional school (ages 17-20) of physical phenomena which subtend the physical properties of the non-biased diode. For the first time, this study shows that their conceptions of these phenomena are erroneous. In a second time, we identify the physical phenomena on which the educator should facilitate the students to construct conceptions that conform to the scientific norm.

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TRACING EMERGING ADULTHOOD ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: THE CASE OF MEDICINE SCHOOL AT A GREEK UNIVERSITY
Authors: Raikou Natassa , Konstantopoulou Georgia
Published: June 2021

In this paper we investigate the dimensions of emerging adulthood on medical students. Our aim is to explore special characteristics and possible differentiations between university medical students in comparison with other disciplines. We argue that university is a social context that plays a critical role on the development and shaping the identity of young students. In our case we examine medical students of a Greek peripheral university in order to trace the characteristics of their emerging adulthood. The research was conducted between November 2019-January 2020, with the participation of 110 students of School of Medicine of Patras University in Greece. The research tool was Arnett's IDEA questionnaire, adjusted by the researchers. The results confirmed the emerging adulthood characteristics of medical students, nevertheless interesting findings also revealed. It seems that demanding and/or difficult university programs with emphasis on practical experience during studies, foster young students to manifest adult characteristics earlier than their peers.

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Problemas socioambientais emergentes: contribuições teóricas e práticas
Authors: Leonardo Pontes Teixeira Rylanneive , Souza Pessoa Zoraide , Andrade Karina , Barbosa de Oliveira João Gabriel , Salmi Frederico , Pires de Araújo Gabriel , Duarte Dunder Beatriz , Lima de Souza Jhonathan , Geová Maia de Brito Anderson , Caroline Damasceno Souza Ana , Vale Dionízio França Vinnícius , Dantas de Medeiros Marysol , Marques Macedo Yuri , Lima de Souza Jhonathan , Caroline Damasceno Souza Ana , Vale Dionízio França Vinnícius , Dantas de Medeiros Marysol , Marques Macedo Yuri
Published: June 2021

Como bem apresenta e evidencia a professora Zoraide Souza Pessoa no prefácio deste livro, a problemática socioambiental contemporânea é uma questão global e urgente devido aos seus impactos em todo o mundo e que exige a atuação urgente dos mais variados setores da sociedade, tais como Estado, empresas e sociedade civil. É nesse contexto, no qual a problemática socioambiental assume um caráter de ordem global e de urgência, que as mudanças climáticas, por sua vez, assumem a centralidade nas discussões e nos debates sobre esse problema. Nesse sentido, evidenciamos que as mudanças climáticas são uma, se não a maior, das questões da problemática socioambiental contemporânea, impondo uma série de desafios às sociedades e aos ecossistemas através, por exemplo, da intensificação da ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos. Embora as mudanças climáticas não sejam a temática central deste livro, é importante mencionar os aspectos que foram pontuados, indicando, assim, que as mudanças climáticas são um fenômeno multidimensional e que tem evidenciado ainda mais a crise socioambiental, instalada mundialmente há mais de cinco décadas, que questionou e continua questionando a construção de um planeta sustentável.
THE CHANGE OF GENERATIONS IN THE SOVIET REGIONAL ELITE (on the example of the Mordovian ASSR government in 1934–1991)
Authors: Uchvatov Pavel S.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the development of the regional elite in the Soviet historical era using the example of the supreme state administration authority of a one particular autonomous republic. Several transformation stages in the elite of functionaries that was in power in Mordovia from the 1930s to 1991:

1) early 1930s – mid-1937 The national elite, formed during the Mordovian statehood formation, consisted, first, of autonomy supporters who were active in the 1920s; secondly, of people who came to the system of power as a result of Soviet «localization policy» applied to the control organs. They held leading positions until mass political repressions of 1937–1938.;

2) the end of the 1930s – the first half of the 1950s. There was an advancement of representatives of the so-called Stalinist control organs. Soviet «localization policy» was curtailed, and the number of the Moravians in the Soviet authorities decreased; the majority in the Council of People’s Commissars of the Mordovian ASSR was relatively young managers aged 30–40 years. Despite a frequent change of personnel, already in the second half of the 1940s there was a tendency of relative stabilization in the government composition;

3) mid-1950s – late 1960s. A core of experienced leaders who were working in their positions for quite a long time formed in the Council of Ministers. Its chairman I.P. Astaykin, who held this position for more than 15 years, had a great influence on the government;

4) the 1970s – late 1980s. After the change in the Republican party leadership, representatives of a new generation came to power. However, renewal of personnel was subsequently replaced by «stagnant» phenomena: a long stay in power of individual managers, gradual aging of the Council of Ministers members, the growth of the total number of managers;

5) late 1980s – 1991 As a result of the union center’s initiatives, as well as attainment of the maximum age by many regional leaders, there was some renewal in the composition of the Council of Ministers. But the old party and economic nomenclature continued to maintain its position in the republic until the very end of the Soviet system.
THE INSTITUTE OF VILLAGE ELDERS IN CHUVASHIA: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND ACTIVITY
Authors: Kharitonova Valentina G.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issues concerning formation of the institute of the elders and the role of village elders in the functioning of the local government system in modern Chuvashia. For a region where the share of rural population in the total population is quite high, the study of this topic is in demand. The article briefly covers the main aspects in the development of the rural community and the state policy in rural areas. The analysis of this topic coverage in domestic and regional historiography is carried out. The main attention is paid to the history of forming the institute of village elders, the characteristics of the legal status and functions of village elders, and the main forms of their activities are shown. The village elders and organization of their activities in the 1990s were caused by the need to represent the interests of the population in the authorities of different levels. At the first stages, their functioning was initiated by the residents of villages themselves. Subsequently, the regional authorities and municipalities also began to deal with the organization and legal regulation of village elders’ activities. Legislative formalisation of village elders’ institute at the state and regional level took place in 2018. The practical activities of Chuvashia village elders cover most issues of developing and improving rural territories, they are the main assistants of local authorities and guarantee of public territorial self-government in rural areas. At the same time, alienation of rural residents from solving issues of rural society was noted, for this purpose, the materials of a sociological population survey were used. It is shown that formation of the institute of elders and regulation of their activities in the republic took place on the basis of rural elders’ practical work, the analysis of the experience of interaction with local self-government bodies and taking into account the experience of other regions. At present stage, interaction with the republican authorities at various levels is being improved. The empirical basis of the article is made up of official documents, legislative acts, media materials, and the results of public surveys.
MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC IN 2000–2020
Authors: Pupyshev Igor V.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the main trends in the demographic situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2000–2020, discusses the migration processes in Chuvashia in this period of time, their causes and direction, analyzes the results of statistical data from 2000 to 2020, considers the measures taken both at federal and regional levels to change the migration situation. Currently, the republic is observed to experience problems related to the natural decline of the population, as well as relocation of young people and the working-age population to the most attractive regions of the country. There is another negative pattern associated with «aging» of the population: demographic problems have an impact on the economic development of the Chuvash Republic. Since 2000, the working-age population has been gradually declining. A systematic decline in the population of the region is primarily due to migration processes. Every year, more people leave Chuvashia than arrive. This dynamic is primarily due to the growth of unemployment, low living standards of the population and undersized wages. In addition, there are issues related to illegal migration from the Central Asia states and the CIS, and the increase in the number of foreign workers in the republic. To prevent this from happening, strict supervision over implementation of the Russian labor legislation is needed. In order to stabilize the situation, state authorities should actively implement measures aimed at improving the migration situation in the republic, developing the socio-economic attractiveness of the region, and resolving problems that hinder the effective migration control.
PERILAKU KOLOM BETON RINGAN AKIBAT BEBAN AKSIAL DAN MOMEN
Authors: Iskandar Muhammad Ryan , Purwoko Fajar
Published: June 2021

Kelebihan dari penggunaan kolom komposit pipa baja dan beton salah satunya dapat menghambat terjadinya tekuk pada pipa baja dan meningkatkan kapasitas dukung kolom. Penelitian kolom penampang lingkaran kali ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengisian beton ringan ke dalam pipa baja dan menjadi struktur komposit. Beton ringan yang digunakan berupa beton non pasir. Keunggulan beton non pasir adalah pembuatannya mudah dan murah. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dan secara numerik dengan menggunakan program elemen hingga non linier, kemudian membandingkan hasilnya. Benda uji program eksperimental terdiri dari 3 kolom pipa baja dan 6 kolom komposit pipa baja-beton non pasir. Pipa baja mempunyai diameter luar 113,2 mm dengan ketebalan tabung 2 mm. Benda uji program numerik terdiri dari 12 kolom komposit dengan variabel panjang kolom dan eksentrisitas beban.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI PEMILIK DAN KONTRAKTOR TERHADAP PEMBAGIAN RESIKO DALAM KONTRAK UNIT PRICE
Authors: Suharyanto Indra
Published: June 2021

Kontrak Unit price adalah salah satu jenis kontrak dengan harga tetap. Pemakaian Kontrak Unit price dalam kondisi ekonomi yang tidak stabil cenderung banyak menimbulkan banyak resiko. Dari pemikiran tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi pemilik dan kontraktor terhadap pembagian resiko dalam Kontrak Unit price, yang mengacu pada sumber - sumber terjadinya resiko berdasarkan syarat – syarat kontrak. Sumber – sumber terjadinya resiko yang diteliti adalah Lingkungan dan Site Acces, Syarat – syarat Kontrak, Desain dan Perencanaan, Pekerjaan Konstruksi, Perusahaan, Finansial, Masalah Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial, Logistik dan Force Majeure.

Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan wawancara secara acak di lima Kabupaten / Kota Madya di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kuesioner yang berhasil dikumpulkan sebanyak 29 responden terdiri dari 13 responden pemilik yang diwakili oleh DPU dan 16 responden kontraktor. Persepsi mengenai pembagian resiko dapat dilihat dari nilai means kelompok responden dan untuk menarik kesimpulan dilakukan uji statistik Mann Withney dengan hipotesis terhadap perbedaan persepsi dalam pembagian resiko.
Aid and irritants in Pak-US relations in the wake of 9/11 incident
Authors: Shahid Yaqoob  , Sattar Noman
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the nature of post 9/11 relations and its impact on South Asia especially Pakistan. Pak-US relations have been perplexing and intricate since inception of their relations. This relationship manifests the classical example of convergence and divergence of national interests. Client-patron state relations between Pakistan and United States measure level of interaction and commitments. The 9/11 was a hapless event, which drastically changed the scope of relationship and level of engagement. This dastard act was the tipping point of revitalized bilateral relationship in altogether different circumstances. United States was bent on hunting perpetrators of heinous act of 9/11 at any cost and it was not possible without cooperation and facilitation of Pakistan being next door neighbour of Afghanistan. Pakistan grabbed this opening to end international isolation and overcome its economic handicaps. Pakistan again became strategic partner of US in war on terror and being frontline state earned the title of the US major non-NATO ally. However, the relations remained fraught due to various allied factors such as distrust and lack of confidence. This paper tries to analyze the impact between aid given to Pakistan, in the context of irritants between civil and military regimes in Pakistan.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR CAMAT MEDAN MARELAN
Authors: Dinaria Br Sembiring
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style, work motivation on employee performance at the Medan Marelan District Office. The population and sample used in this study were employees of the Medan Marelan sub-district office as many as 50 respondents. The type of data used are primary data and secondary data obtained through interviews, questionnaires and literature studies that are measured using a Likert scale. Hypothesis testing in this study uses a validity test analysis tool, data analysis conducted in this study is the hypothesis test with t test (partial test) and F test (simultaneous test). The results of this study were obtained that: (1) based on a partial test of leadership style Influenced the performance of Marelan district office staff with a t test of 2.562. (2) Based on a partial test of work motivation, the effect on the performance of Marelan district office staff with a t test of 3.796. (3) Based on the Simultaneous test the Effect of Work Motivation and Work Competence on the Performance of the Employees of Medan Marelan Sub-District Office with an F test of 425,327.
O’zbek xalq amaliy san’ati bo’lmish Toshkent yo’g’och o’ymakorligi maktabi va namoyandalari
Authors: Abdurashidxonova Muslimaxon , Rasulov Murad
Published: June 2021

Amaliy san'atda yo’g’och o’ymakorligi san'ati sir-sinoatlari va yog’och o’ymakorligining Toshkent shahridagi asoschilari va ushbu  hunarning bajarish uslullarini oddiy bir qutida aks ettirilgan. Yog'och o'ymakorligi san'atining yanada yuksalishiga o’z hissasini qo’shib rivojlantirgan ustozlar ijodi qisqacha ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.
Pencatatan Dan Penilaian Persediaan Barang Jadi Pada Usaha Gula Merah Ibu Laila Berbasiskan SAK EMKM
Authors: Hutabarat Ruth Setia , Rajagukguk Thetty Surienty
Published: June 2021

Penerapan akuntansi persediaan dalam pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan barang jadi pada suatu perusahaan sangatlah penting karena beberapa faktor antara lain meminimalisir risiko kehilangan persediaan di gudang. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan barang jadi sesuai dengan SAK EMKM 2018 menggunakan metode FIFO-Perpetual pada Usaha Gula Merah Ibu Laila yang merupakan salah satu UMKM dalam bidang produksi gula merah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, UMKM ini belum menerapkan sistem pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan barang jadi pada perusahaannya sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku bagi jenis UMKM. Oleh sebab itu, disarankan agar Usaha Gula Merah Ibu Laila untuk menerapkan pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan barang jadi pada perusahaannya sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku bagi jenis UMKM, karena dengan begitu perusahaan memiliki data yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan apabila timbul permasalahan baik secara internal maupun eksternal pada perusahaan. Sehingga dengan dibuatnya pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan barang jadi tersebut dapat menimalisir resiko yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak Usaha Gula Merah Ibu Laila.
Penerapan prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada perusahaan
Authors: Sabrina Nadya Nurul
Published: June 2021

Penerapan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) menjadi kunci sukses bagi perusahaan dalam memperoleh keuntungan untuk mencapai tujuan jangka panjang ataupun jangka pendek dan agar dapat bersaing dengan baik dalam bisnis global, dalam melaksanakan Good Corporate Governance (GCG), perusahaan menerapkan konsep yang menekankan pentingnya hak pemegang saham untuk memperoleh informasi dengan benar, akurat, dan tepat waktu. Namun pemahaman menyeluruh tentang state-of-art dari Good Corporate Governance (GCG) diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan, mengidentifikasi publikasi ilmiah dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pelaksanaan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG yang terdiri dari transparancy, accountability, responsibilites, independency dan fairness. Hasil penelitian ini diuji menggunakan triangulasi sumber, kemudian dipaparkan setiap prinsip-prinsip yang sudah dilaksanakan oleh subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) pada subjek penelitian baik.