bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype design and structural analysis of a variable-angle robotic gripper prototype
Authors: Xu Yongpeng , Zhu Kehua
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the design of a three-finger mechanical claw, a horticultural product gripper. The design scheme adopts a systematic approach by evaluating all possible structures, selecting the most suitable motion and structure scheme, and using G.I. The proposed structure is optimized and numerically simulated by the evaluation index. The design process and test results are discussed, and the mechanical claw scheme, which is highly versatile, is designed. The three-dimensional model is established with Solidworks, and the kinematic simulation and static simulation are carried out to verify the feasibility of the design scheme preliminarily. The effectiveness of the method is proved by additive manufacturing by making an actual model for the clamping test. The experiment shows that the three-finger mechanical claw with rotating knuckles has good compatibility with the shape of the clamp, and the scheme is simple and convenient in the control process.
Leadership, Ethics and Advocacy in Education
Authors: Qin Zhengyan
Published: February 2025

The study delves into the viewpoints of educational leadership within early childhood education (ECE), highlighting its critical importance in improving the quality of teaching and the educational results for children. Successful educational leadership plays a crucial role in fostering nurturing settings that promote teacher growth, stimulate introspective methods, and enhance inclusive education. The paper, incorporating insights from multiple studies, emphasizes the significance of distributed and ethical leadership, along with advocacy, in tackling worldwide inequalities, fostering fairness, and enhancing educational methods. It is recommended that educational authorities endorse ongoing professional growth, foster creative teaching methods, and support policies guaranteeing equitable access to quality education for every child, disabilities included. Additionally, the document highlights the moral duty of leaders to cultivate family relationships, tackle issues linked to varied values, and promote comprehensive reforms in the Early Childhood Education sector. Educational leaders can significantly enhance teaching quality and children's growth by harmonizing their leadership methods with ethical norms and inclusive strategies.
IDENTIFY THE RISK FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE MAJORITY OF DEATHS IN ICU PATIENTS OF PAK ITALIAN BURN CENTRE, NMU, MULTAN
Authors: NUSRAT . , NISA QU , JAMSHAID A , NAZ S
Published: February 2025

Burn injuries represent a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan, with high mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) due to delayed access to care, extensive burns, and comorbid conditions. Understanding the factors contributing to mortality is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the factors influencing ICU mortality among burn patients at the Pak Italian Burn Centre, Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 ICU burn patients aged 18 years and above, admitted with ≥20% total body surface area (TBSA) burns. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes were collected using a structured proforma. Mortality was analyzed as the primary outcome, with associations assessed using SPSS version 26. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of mortality. Results: The overall ICU mortality rate was 48.5%. TBSA >40% was a significant predictor of mortality, with 77.8% of these patients succumbing to their injuries (p<0.001). Inhalation injuries were present in 30.8% of patients, contributing to a 70% mortality rate (p<0.01). Comorbidities such as diabetes (62.5% mortality) and hypertension (71.4% mortality) were significantly associated with poorer outcomes (p<0.05). Age ≥65 years further increases mortality risk. Full-thickness burns and delayed presentation also correlated with worse outcomes. Conclusion: High mortality rates among burn ICU patients in Pakistan are primarily driven by extensive burns, inhalation injuries, and comorbid conditions. These findings emphasize the need for early interventions, comprehensive care, and improved healthcare infrastructure to enhance survival outcomes in resource-limited settings.
Beyond Symbolism: Women's Challanges for Substantive Representation in Budget Politics
Authors: Damayanti Ratnaningsih , Rahayu Restu Karlina
Published: February 2025

Harapan akan meningkatnya persentase anggota DPR perempuan adalah ketika mereka menjabat mereka akan mengutamakan kepentingan perempuan. Seharusnya akan ada alokasi anggaran yang lebih besar untuk sektor-sektor yang spesifik perempuan seperti kesehatan, pendidikan, sosial dibandingkan dengan sektor yang biasanya spefik laki-laki seperti pertahanan keamanan dan infrastruktur. Sayangnya hal ini bukanlah sebuah kepastian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana keterlibatan perempuan, yaitu anggota DPRD perempuan dalam proses anggaran di Kota Batu. Data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari wawancara dilakukan kepada anggota DRRD, tim anggaran eksekutif, dan melalui studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dalam proses penyusunan anggaran daerah didominasi oleh proses teknokratis yang dilaksanakan oleh eksekutif. DPRD berperan dalam pembahasan RAPBD yang dilakukan oleh badan anggaran. Keterlibatan perempuan dalam proses penyusunan anggaran terbatas dalam aktivitas badan anggaran di mana tidak semua anggota DPRD perempuan masuk dalam badan anggaran. Perempuan yang terlibat dalam badan anggaran adalah kader prioritas partai politik yang sudah menjabat lebih dari 1 kali periode. Selain itu kepala daerah perempuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja DPRD Perempuan dalam anggaran.
Subfamilies of analytic functions associated with Rabotnov function
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Ahlam Ahlam ,   Department of Applied Science, Ajloun College, Al Balqa Applied University, Ajloun 26816, Jordan,   Department of Applied Science, Ajloun College, Al Balqa Applied University, Ajloun 26816, Jordan,   Department of Mathematics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; Department of Mathematics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA, Al-Hawary Tariq Al , Massa’deh Mourad Oqla Massa� , Yousef Feras
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to investigate various subfamilies of analytic functions to find inclusion properties, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the Rabotnov function to be in these subfamilies. Furthermore, several corollaries will be implied from our main results.
Social Networking Sites and Womens Psychological Well-Being: Perspectives on Objectification and Social Comparison
Authors: Lin Yan
Published: February 2025

Social networking sites (SNS) have dramatically shifted the way people communicate, leading to the proliferation of related studies and widespread questions about their effects on peoples emotional lives. Understanding the influence of SNS in assisting individuals to self-regulate their use of online social platforms constitutes a key focus of research in this area. A large body of studies, particularly those focused on women, have found increasingly compelling evidence of the negative effects of SNS use, including diminished self-esteem, undermined self-concept, and body image dissatisfaction. Given the fragmented results of current research and the lack of systematic integration, the present study aims to understand, construct, and investigate the effects of SNS usage on womens psychological well-being from the perspectives of self-objectification and social comparison, while reviewing several recent findings through the lens of the proposed framework. Additionally, self-compassion could act as an effective moderating factor that buffers the deleterious impact of SNS for women. Future research should employ more sophisticated methods to capture these complexities in order to gain a greater grasp of this area.
The Impact of High Level Competitive Sports on Ones Self Confidence
Authors: Li Yu Xuan Richard
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the effects of playing a competitive sport, currently or previously, on self confidence across various individuals, not merely limited to athletes. The research consists of two groups: a control group involving individuals who do not participate in competitive sports and individuals who regularly participate and play one or more competitive sports. In order to measure the level of self confidence, a survey was conducted among around 100 random participants, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale-a 10 items scale to measure self esteem that consists of both positive and negative statements-was utilized to measure the level of self confidence. In order to facilitate the participation and valid response rate of the survey, 4 statements that were relatively unimportant from the Rosenberg scale were taken out for time conserving and convenient purposes. The results indicate that those who are involved in competitive sports tend to show higher self confidence. In contrast, individuals who are not participating in competitive sports reported lower average self confidence scores.
Research on High-Performance Biosensors for Effective Marine Pollution Monitoring
Authors: Xia Yanhan
Published: February 2025

This article expounds that human activities have caused severe marine pollution, and biosensors have become key tools for marine pollution monitoring. It elaborates on their composition, classification, and working principles. It focuses on introducing various sensors and their detection effects in different aspects of marine pollution detection, such as organic pollutants (hydrocarbons, organophosphorus, organic nitrogen compounds), heavy metal ions, microorganisms, and biological toxicity assessment. It also looks forward to the future development of multi-characteristic sensing platforms that can be integrated into various marine platforms to form coastal sensor networks. At the same time, it is necessary to address challenges such as the variability of the marine environment, conduct multi-disciplinary verification, and optimize the quality and performance of sensors. This review found that biosensors are important tools for detecting various marine pollutants, providing effective solutions for marine environmental monitoring and protection. Future advances in sensor technology, multi-characteristic platforms, and artificial intelligence integration will improve their performance and scalability, supporting sustainable marine resource management. However, this study relied on secondary data, which highlights the need for more empirical studies and field tests in different marine habitats to evaluate the actual performance of marine biosensors.
AI-based Player Behavior Prediction and Game Experience Optimization: A Study on Classification, Regression, and Deep Reinforcement Learning Models Combining Behavioral and Social Data
Authors: Zhao Jiaying , Ou Huifang
Published: February 2025

Based on behavioural and social data, this research focuses on the application of AI models for predicting player behaviour and optimizing game experience. This research uses classification, regression, and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models to anticipate the player behaviour, aid in-game decision making, and customize game environments. This coupling of behavioural data like session duration, activity frequency, decision history and social data like player interactions, group dynamics, communication logs is essential for accurate predictions. This research tests various ML models such as decision trees, SVM, random forests, and deep reinforcement learning to give an in-depth understanding on how these models support the experience of the players. In the part of experimentation, this research has demonstrated that, while classification and regression models are excellent for predicting discrete player behavior and continuous game variables, DRL models are better for predicting real-time game optimization. This insight also points to the need to integrate behavioural and social data to develop dynamic, interactive and personalised gameplay. The research provides some insights for future AI-based games applications especially for creating mechanisms that continually change in response to the user.
Multi-arm Slot Machine Model: Explore a New Perspective on Game Sweepstakes Mechanics
Authors: Feng Chuhao
Published: February 2025

Under the background of the vigorous development of online games and the popularity of lottery mechanisms, players' demands for a fair and reasonable lottery experience are increasingly strong. This paper takes the popular game "Identity " as the starting point to deeply explore the application of multi-arm slot machine model in game lottery strategy optimization. The core of this model, as a tool for uncertain decision-making, is to accurately balance the exploration of new strategies and the use of existing advantageous strategies, so as to maximize the benefits. In the analysis of the lottery mechanism of Identity , the probability distribution of items and the minimum guarantee rules are clarified, and the factors affecting players' psychological expectations and satisfaction are deeply understood. When using the multi-arm slot machine model, comprehensive preparation of data, careful selection of algorithms, strict implementation of all stages of the process, including initialization, exploration and utilization of changes, dynamic adaptation, personality recommendation and other links, and continuous evaluation and optimization.
Learn from Photosynthesis: A Summary of Photocatalysis Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Chen Size
Published: February 2025

Amid the surge in global energy demand and worsening environmental pollution, the development and utilization of renewable energy have become a research focus. Photosynthesis, as an efficient natural energy conversion process, has inspired the development of photocatalytic water splitting technology. This technology converts solar energy into chemical energy, playing a significant role in hydrogen production and renewable energy fields. This study delves into the materials and photoconversion mechanisms related to photocatalytic water splitting and explores its potential and challenges in environmental purification and industrial hydrogen production. This work provides a reference for further research and application of photocatalytic water splitting technology.
Application, Challenges and Prospects of Large Language Models in the Medical Field
Authors: Wang Dongjie
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence has become a new trend in the new era. Within its field, large language models (LLM) have unique advantages in today's massive data due to their excellent text understanding and generation capabilities. This article briefly outlines the development background and architecture of LLM. In view of the rapid development of large language models, this article analyzes the practical applications, challenges and future development prospects of LLM from a medical perspective. The advantages of LLM in medical application were analyzed, and the application of LLM in various medical fields was reviewed by taking BioGPT, Zhongjing (CMLM-ZhongJing) large language model and HuatuoGPT as examples. Secondly, the paper analyzes the challenges that LLM currently faces in the medical field, such as the "hallucination" problem, the explainability problem, etc., and provides corresponding solutions. Finally, the future development prospects of LLM in the medical field are proposed, which is to transform from single modality to multimodality, from large-scale to lightweight, strengthen the integration with medical equipment, and better provide services for relevant medical staff, patients, and students in the medical field.
-Ga2O3 Heterojunctions for Power Devices: A Review
Authors: Pang Yulin
Published: February 2025

As the development of ultra-wide band gap semiconductors, Ga2O3 has shown potential in power industry. This review focuses on the application of -GaO heterojunctions in power devices. Starting from the development trend of semiconductor materials, it presents the potential of -GaO as the next generation semiconductor material and the p-type doping problems it possesses, thereby proposing the necessity of the heterojunction structure. The article discusses multiple schemes for constructing power devices with -GaO, including doping GaO to form homojunctions, p-NiO/n-GaO heterojunctions, p-GaN/n-GaO heterojunctions, and p-diamond/n-GaO heterojunctions and respectively analyzes their material properties, preparation methods, device performances, and the challenges they face. Through a horizontal comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes, suggestions on the selection of schemes under different requirements are provided. The article demonstrates the application potential of the GaO in various scenarios, illuminating the promising future of the research and wide development in semiconductor devices.
Thermal Management Technologies in Portable Cooling Vests: Development and Key Applications
Authors: Wu Xinyuan
Published: February 2025

With the acceleration of global warming and industrialization, high-temperature environments pose severe challenges to the health and work efficiency of outdoor workers, firefighters, military personnel, and aerospace operators. The traditional heat dissipation method of sweat evaporation is no longer sufficient to provide effective protection in extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Portable cooling vests, as a type of personal protective equipment, are gaining increasing attention. This article describes in detail the development status and key technologies of portable cooling vests and discusses the impact of portable cooling vests on human thermal response, the applicability of liquid cooling technology, phase change materials (PCM), and microchannel heat exchangers, evaluates the application of the vest in terms of heat dissipation efficiency and user comfort, and a reference for the design of future portable cooling vests.
Model Reference Adaptive Attitude Control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Durukan dil Sena , elik Harun
Published: February 2025

This study explores the integration of the adaptive control approach with the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) method, with a view to examining the impact of this integration on the performance of dynamic systems. Adaptive control is highlighted as a versatile and robust methodology that enables systems to cope with uncertainties and adapt to rapidly changing conditions in their operating environments. As a branch of adaptive control, the MRAC method focuses on efficiently achieving desired performance objectives by adjusting system parameters based on a predefined reference model. The primary focus is on investigating how these methods can be applied to optimize the functionality of systems characterized by dynamic and variable nature, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. By addressing challenges related to uncertainties, disturbances, and adaptability, the integration of adaptive control with the MRAC method demonstrates significant potential in improving the robustness, responsiveness, and reliability of such systems. This research investigates the performance of adaptive techniques in enhancing the capabilities of modern control systems. The objective of the research is to assess the effectiveness of MRAC in terms of reference signal tracking. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of MRAC to maintain accurate tracking of the desired reference for key vehicle dynamics, including roll, pitch and yaw. The results demonstrate the robustness of the MRAC algorithm in attitude control, which may lead to support for sustainability issues such as energy consumption.
Exploring the Potential of Photonic Crystal Sensors in Modern Detection Technologies
Authors: Liu Jiani
Published: February 2025

Photonic crystal sensors (PCS) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology due to their exceptional optical properties and high sensitivity, revolutionizing various detection applications. This review delves into the core principles of PCS, highlighting their diverse applications in critical fields such as environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety. The comparative analysis of fluorescence-based PCS and colorimetric PCS reveals key differences in their operational mechanisms, sensitivities, and practical implementations. Recent advancements in sensor design, including the integration of novel materials and miniaturization techniques, have significantly enhanced their detection capabilities. However, challenges such as fabrication complexity, cost efficiency, and long-term stability remain barriers to widespread adoption. Looking ahead, future research will likely focus on improving PCS fabrication methods, expanding their application scope through advanced integration with microfluidics and machine learning, and addressing current limitations to ensure more robust and scalable solutions. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of PCS in modern detection technologies while outlining the challenges and opportunities for future development.
A Chemical Transport-Damage Model for Concrete under Sulfate Attack
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yang Jian , Hua Xiaojie
Published: February 2025

Based on the constitutive relationships of materials, this study investigates the two-stage degradation of cement-based materials under sulfate attack and proposes a comprehensive chemico-transport model to analyze the volumetric changes, porosity evolution, and crack development during the erosion process. The research reveals that, in the early stage of sulfate attack, the formation of gypsum and ettringite fills the pores, enhancing the concrete's density and slowing the diffusion of sulfate ions. However, over time, the expansive stresses generated by these products lead to structural damage, promoting the initiation and propagation of cracks. This, in turn, accelerates the penetration of the aggressive sulfate solution into the concrete, intensifying the consumption of internal components. Quantitative analysis of sulfate ion diffusion patterns enables the estimation of gypsum formation and the associated consumption of CA, which is crucial for a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms of concrete structures in sulfate environments.
Application of Nanomaterials in Wearable Electronic Materials
Authors: Cai Tianxiang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the rapid development of wearable devices, nanomaterials have played an important role in the field because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Although nanomaterials exhibit great potential in the field of wearable electronics, they still face many challenges related to technology, safety, environmental impact and industrial applications. This paper reviews the latest applications of nanomaterials in the field of wearable electronics, focusing on specific examples such as flexible displays, biomedical sensors, nanogenerators and nanobatteries. Additionally, it also discusses the challenges associated with nanomaterials in this field, including issues of production scale, signal stability and biocompatibility. Lastly, this paper explores potential solutions to these challenges and proposes future research directions and application prospects. The findings indicate that due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials can significantly improve the electronic, mechanical and stability performance of wearable devices, making them pivotal for future innovations in this area.
A Review on the molecule structure design strategies of self-healing hydrogel
Authors: Chen Yiyuan
Published: February 2025

Self-healing hydrogels are a class of three-dimensional crosslinked polymer networks based on dynamic bond design, which can spontaneously restore the original structure and properties after being damaged by external forces. Currently, the design strategy and its optimization have become an important topic in the research of self-healing hydrogels. Self-healing hydrogels have shown strong advantages in the fields of biomedicine, energy storage and sensing, and geological exploration. In this paper, the design strategy of self-healing hydrogels and its mechanism, performance characteristics, application areas and development prospects are reviewed.
Mitigating Estrangement Through Autofiction: Domestic Discord, War, and Exile in the Works of Hanan Al-Shaykh
Authors: Alaki Ahlam
Published: February 2025

This study portrays the theme of estrangement in the life and literary oeuvre of Hanan Al-Shaykh. It argues that her narrative technique of “autofiction,” a hybrid of autobiography and fiction, is a potent platform for resisting estrangement. Al-Shaykh's heroines paint a reflective canvas embodying the broader story that resonates with countless women experiencing alienation away from shattered roots and homelands. The research explores various estrangement facets, beginning with family alienation involving maternal abandonment and patriarchal coercion in Al-Shaykh's life. A second alienation arises from the destructive role of war in Lebanon, which not only crushes women in general but also marginalizes women writers from the canon of war literature despite their nuanced viewpoint on caregiving. The study then delves into a third estrangement caused by expatriation: the fate of millions of Lebanese women like Al-Shaykh, who live a diasporic existence struggling with a deep identity crisis, accentuated by cultural and linguistic disconnections in their foreign milieus, while traditional patriarchal expectations haunt them to their exile. This exploration culminates in reflecting on the reciprocal relationship between Al-Shaykh's life and her literary creation, as her heroines exemplify the capacity of autofiction to articulate universal estrangements rooted in personal torment.
The First Original Medical Professional Printed Book in Southeast Europe
Authors: Fures Rajko , Hrgovic Zlatko , Cosic Vesna , Gredicak Martin , Malojcic Sanja , Krajcar Mladen , Kranjcec Bojana
Published: February 2025

Background: The author of the first Croatian medical book, also the first in Southeast Europe, was Dr.John the Baptist Lalangue. He is the one who is most responsible for the fact that in the second half of the 18th century. Objective: The aim of thiis article was to describe important facts abot the first original medical professional printed books in the Croatian language. Methods: The authors searched imprtant information abot the book of the author Lalangue’s titled “Medicina ruralis iliti Vrachtva ladanyszka, za potrebochu musev, y sziromakov. Horvatczkoga orszaga y okolu nyega, blisnesseh meszt” deposited in libraries in Zagreb and Varazdin, and also published articles deposited in scientific databases PubMed, PubMed Central, EBSCO., etc. Results and Discussion: The original medical first printed in the area of ​​Southeast Europe by John the Baptist Lalangue is a book that deserves admiration. It is also the first printed original medical book in the Croatian language. The book “Medicina ruralis iliti Vrachtva ladanyszka, za potrebochu musev, y sziromakov. Horvatczkoga orszaga y okolu nyega, blisnesseh meszt” was published by Lalangue in Varaždin in 1776 at the Trattner printing house. After that, doctor Lalangue published a series of capital works of Croatian medicine, as well as medicine of Southeast Europe. Conclusion: Doctor Lalangue is the author of a Croatian midwifery textbook and a balneological first, which are also firsts in the area of ​​Southeast Europe. In this way, we remember the greats of medical thought and express the desire to respect him in accordance with his magnificent achievements.
Leader Election Optimization in Raft Consensus for Private Blockchain Networks
Authors: Mamman Joseph , Abdullahi Muhammad , Alhassan John
Published: February 2025

Aim:

Leader election is essential for maintaining stability in private blockchain networks. The Raft consensus algorithm, while widely used, faces challenges like frequent leader failures and unnecessary re-elections, which disrupt network performance. This study improves Raft by introducing Activity Score-based leader selection and an adaptive timeout mechanism to enhance reliability and efficiency.

Methods:

The proposed model ranks candidate nodes based on real-time performance metrics such as transaction throughput, uptime, and response time, ensuring that the most stable node becomes the leader. It also dynamically adjusts election timeouts to prevent unnecessary leader transitions and improve network responsiveness. The approach is implemented in a Hyperledger Fabric-based private blockchain environment and tested against the standard Raft algorithm using key performance metrics.

Results:

The enhanced model improves leader stability, reduces election frequency, and increases transaction throughput. It boosts network stability by 10%, cuts leader replacements by 28.6%, and raises transaction throughput by up to 5%, ensuring more reliable blockchain operations.

Conclusion:

The enhanced Raft consensus model provides a more stable and efficient approach to leader election in private blockchain networks. By reducing unnecessary re-elections and optimizing leader selection, the model ensures higher availability and improved transaction processing. These results demonstrate its potential for real-world applications in finance, supply chain management, and healthcare. Future research should explore further scalability enhancements and integration with hybrid blockchain frameworks.
Comparative Analysis of Agile and Waterfall Methodologies in Modern Software Development
Authors: Rapolu Hareesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Agile and waterfall methodologies are prominent techniques used in the software industry. Both deliver projects from different perspectives. This paper presents a deep analysis of both methodologies, their strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and roles in different projects. Many software industries used traditional methods in the earlier days of software development. The use of traditional methods has various limitations and unstructured code. The latest techniques and procedures have recently made development simpler, faster, and more efficient. The analysis of these traditional and modern methods of the software industry is explained in detail in this paper.
Research Progress on Carbon Sequestration Potential of Farmland Soil
Authors: Shi Lei , Fan Hongjian
Published: February 2025

The farmland ecosystem is a crucial component of the terrestrial ecosystem and plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Understanding the main factors influencing the sequestration of soil organic carbon in farmland and the stabilization mechanisms of soil organic carbon is not only conducive to enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of farmland soil but also helpful for accurately evaluating the impact of agricultural production on global climate change. Therefore, this paper reviews the factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration and outlines the physical, chemical, and biological stabilization mechanisms of soil organic carbon. Based on previous studies, the shortcomings of existing research are summarized, and the future research directions of soil carbon sequestration are prospected. It is believed that soil microorganisms play an important role in the soil carbon cycle, but the current research in this area is still not systematic enough. Thus, it is of great significance to conduct in - depth research on the mechanism of microorganisms in the soil organic carbon cycle from the perspective of soil microbiology.
Application of Data Analysis in Climate Policy in Environmental Planning
Authors: Li Bin
Published: February 2025

With the increasing severity of global climate change, environmental planning plays an important role in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. In this context, data analysis, as a key technology, is particularly important in environmental planning, providing precise data support for policy makers and helping to identify potential risks and opportunities. However, there are still many challenges in the practical application of data analysis in the field of environmental planning, such as inconsistent data quality, lack of professional talents, and incomplete data governance and communication systems. This article analyzes the specific application of data analysis in climate policy formulation, proposes measures such as building a sound data quality control system, cultivating professional talents with cross disciplinary knowledge, implementing climate adaptive planning schemes, optimizing data governance and sharing mechanisms, etc., in order to promote the effective application of data analysis technology in the field of climate policy.
Design of Automotive Software Upgrade Simulation Test Bench
Authors: Zhu Yongjian , Jing Ying , Wang Manna , Wang Yuzhe , Liu Kaiquan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of automotive electronics technology, automotive software upgrades have become an indispensable part of the modern automotive industry. To ensure the safety and reliability of software upgrades, the design of simulation test benches has become particularly important. This article aims to explore a design scheme for an automotive software upgrade simulation test bench. Through a detailed analysis of the hardware and software architecture of the bench, an integrated testing platform is proposed. This platform can simulate real car operating environments and conduct comprehensive testing of software upgrade processes, including functional verification, performance testing, compatibility testing, etc.  The effectiveness and practicality of the test bench have been verified through practical application cases.  This study provides a new solution for automotive software upgrade testing, which helps to improve the quality and efficiency of automotive software upgrades.
Optimization Strategies for Traffic Signal and Identification Design
Authors: Cui Naizhong
Published: February 2025

This article deeply studies how to improve the effectiveness of traffic signal and roadway signage design, pointing out some shortcomings in current design, including the lack of rationality in signal configuration, low recognition, and ineffective coordination with the surrounding road environment. In response to these issues, scientific layout and planning of traffic signals, enhancing the recognizability of signals and signs, improving the compatibility between signals and roads, and promoting the development and application of intelligent traffic signal systems have been proposed. Intended to increase traffic flow continuity, reduce traffic accident rates, and enhance road safety.
Adolescência, capacitismo e escola: apontamentos sobre as representações sociais da Síndrome de Down
Authors: Luz Neto Rui Gonçalves , Santos Caio César da Paz , Cavalcanti Anna Carolina Silva , Heimer Mônica Vilela , Vieira Sandra Conceição Maria
Published: February 2025

Em uma sociedade atravessada pelos ideais capacitistas, as pessoas com alguma deficiência enfrentam o desafio de confrontar estruturas consolidadas para se inserirem socialmente. Esse modo de funcionar afasta os “corpos deficientes” do acesso a serviços e da participação da comunidade, subalternizados sob a classificação de pessoas especiais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer as representações sociais de professores e alunos pares de adolescentes com Síndrome de Down em uma escola pública do Recife-PE. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utiliza a Teoria das Representações Sociais, que são conhecimentos prévios do senso comum – um conjunto de ideias construídas nas relações sociais cotidianas. A coleta foi realizada a partir de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada com professores e colegas de classe de uma adolescente com Síndrome de Down. Os resultados desvelam representações marcadas por ideias capacitistas, o que demarca um longo caminho para a consolidação da inclusão na sociedade brasileira.
Penerapan four handed suction terhadap masalah keperawatan bersihan jalan nifas tidak efektif pada by. D dengan respiratory distress syndrome dan hernia diafragmatika di ruang perawatan intensif RSUD Banda Aceh: Studi kasus
Authors: Azizi Shyafa Diba , Fajri Nova , Septiana Nenty
Published: February 2025

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia pada neonatus yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya jumlah surfaktan akibat belum matur fungsi paru yang berisiko terjadinya malformasi thoraks seperti Hernia Diafragmatika. Hernia Diafragmatika dapat menimbulkan gangguan paru-paru, keterlambatan perkembangan dan kerusakan organ akibat dari tekanan organ abdomen yang masuk ke rongga thoraks. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini menganalisis asuhan keperawatan pada By. D dengan RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) dan Hernia Diafragmatika di ruang NICU Rumah Sakit Umum Banda Aceh. Masalah keperawatan yang muncul pada adalah gangguan ventilasi spontan, bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif, risiko hipotermia, risiko syok sepsis, risiko defisit nutrisi, risiko perfusi renal tidak efektif dan risiko gangguan perlekatan. Implementasi keperawatan yang diberikan yaitu dukungan ventilasi, manajemen jalan nafas, manajemen hipotermia, manajemen syok, manajemen cairan, pemberian makanan parenteral dan promosi perlekatan. Evaluasi keperawatan selama 4 hari rawatan didapatkan risiko hipotermia teratasi; bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif, risiko syok sepsis, risiko perfusi renal tidak efektif teratasi sebagian; serta gangguan ventilasi spontan, risiko defisit nutrisi dan risiko gangguan perlekatan belum teratasi, sehingga membutuhkan pemantauan dan intervensi lebih lanjut pada By. D. Manajemen asuhan keperawatan pada neonatus risiko tinggi pada bayi dengan RDS dan Hernia Diafragmatika dapat dilakukan dengan baik dan tepat dengan memperhatikan tumbuh kembang pada neonatus.
Current concepts and recent trends in endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Nishant Prateek , Gurnani Bharat , Singh Prabhakar , Sinha Sony , Kaur Kirandeep , Kumar Ashish , Sinha Ranjeet Kumar
Published: February 2025

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue, which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s) with healthy donor tissue, to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency before the onset of irreversible stromal edema and permanent loss of corneal clarity. Recently, the pathophysiology of corneal decompensation is increasingly being researched upon. Consequent improvement in pharmacotherapy is progressively leading to reduction in the indications of EK. In addition, EK techniques have progressed towards using thinner tissue, optimizing visual outcomes. Improvements have enabled better donor tissue formulation, usage, and attachment, and surgical modifications have enhanced the tissue utilization in difficult clinical scenarios lowering failure and rejection. However, challenges are encountered in various complex clinical scenarios including eyes with prior intraocular surgery, complex anterior chamber anatomy, glaucoma, ocular surface disease etc. These complexities demand tailored surgical strategies, including modifications in graft handling, instrumentation, and postoperative management to ensure success. Attention to these details and addressing patient-specific factors can help improve outcomes in these difficult cases. The choice of procedure depends on multiple factors, including the surgeon's experience, patient's ocular anatomy, and the specific clinical scenario. This review article encompasses the recent developments in this field presenting a comprehensive picture of our modern understanding of the indications, contraindications, surgical techniques, clinical situations, community aspects and future directions pertaining to EK.
Ischemic colitis with small-vessel occlusion, simultaneous total colectomy and liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Kasputis Zanini Leonardo Yuri , Lima Fabiana Roberto , Fernandes Michel Ribeiro , Alvarez Paola Sofia Espinoza , Silva Marcello de Souza , Martins Filho Antônio Paulo Ramos , Franzini Tomazo Antonio Prince , Nacif Lucas Souto
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The colon is the hollow viscera that proportionally has the lowest vascular supply and is more predisposed to ischemic colitis. In the context of end-stage liver disease, various components may explain this group's greater predisposition to colonic ischemic events. Furthermore, portal hypertension generates a process of coagulopathy, impairing local vascularization. This case report describes a case of ischemic colitis with small-vessel occlusion found during liver transplantation in a patient with decompensated end-stage liver disease.

CASE SUMMARY

A 64-year-old man with liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent liver transplantation due to hepatic decompensation. The donor was a 53-year-old man who had died of a hemorrhagic stroke. Cavitary examination revealed diffuse ischemic colitis with significant distention and necrosis. Due to the condition of the colon, a subtotal colectomy was performed. Liver transplantation with warm ischemia time of 35 minutes, cold ischemia of 6 hours 30 minutes and total ischemia time of 7 hours 5 minutes. The patient improved clinically with oral tract function and physiotherapy, but unfortunately, he developed a bloodstream infection, a new septic shock and died six months after surgery.

CONCLUSION

Simultaneous total colectomy and orthotopic liver transplantation represent a rare situation. Ischemic events have a high mortality rate in the general population and are particularly important in cirrhotic patients.
Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the CAR-OLT score in predicting cardiac risk for liver transplantation
Authors: Biolato Marco , Miele Luca , Avolio Alfonso W , Marrone Giuseppe , Liguori Antonio , Galati Francesco , Petti Anna , Tomasello Lidia , Pedicino Daniela , Lombardo Antonella , D'Aiello Alessia , Pompili Maurizio , Agnes Salvatore , Gasbarrini Antonio , Grieco Antonio
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The CAR-OLT score predicts major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after liver transplant (LT).

AIM

To test the hypothesis that the CAR-OLT score may help avoid cardiac stress tests in LT candidates.

METHODS

This retrospective single-center cohort study included all adult patients undergoing elective evaluation for first cadaveric donor orthotopic LT for liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico in Rome, Italy. Cardiac contraindications for LT listing were defined after a center-specific cardiac workup, which included cardiac stress tests for most patients. The diagnostic accuracy of the CAR-OLT score was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) method.

RESULTS

A total of 342 LT candidates were evaluated between 2015 and 2019, with a moderate cardiovascular risk profile (37% diabetes, 34% hypertension, 22% obesity). Of these, 80 (23%) candidates underwent coronary angiography. Twenty-one (6%) candidates were given cardiac contraindications to LT listing, 48% of which were due to coronary artery disease. The CAR-OLT score predicted cardiac contraindications to LT listing with an AUROC of 0.81. The optimal cut-off for sensitivity was a CAR-OLT score ≤ 23, which showed a 99% negative predictive value for cardiac contraindications to LT listing. A total of 84 (25%) LT candidates with a CAR-OLT score ≤ 23 underwent 87 non-invasive cardiac tests and 13 coronary angiographies pre-listing, with estimated costs of approximately 48000€. The estimated savings per patient was €574.70 for the Italian National Health System.

CONCLUSION

A CAR-OLT score ≤ 23 can identify LT candidates who can be safely listed without the need for cardiac stress tests, providing time and cost savings. These findings require external validation.
Haemoadsorption cartridge connected to the machine perfusion for donation after circulatory death porcine liver marginal grafts
Authors: Scalera Irene , Franzin Rossana , Stasi Alessandra , Castellaneta Antonino , Fischetti Enrico , Morelli Giulia , Raele Margherita , Panetta Emilio , Kurevija Andjela , Pulga William , Atti Mauro , Gesualdo Loreto
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Marginal donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts are carefully used to combat the constant shortage of donors. Clinically, the worst outcomes are mainly related to severe ischemia-reperfusion-injury and the dangerous effect of various inflammatory cytokines (CK). The machine perfusion (MP) is a promising device to rescue these grafts.

AIM

To analyze the role of MP connected to a sorbent cartridge (PerSorb®) and used for very damaged DCD pig livers.

METHODS

Seven grafts were procured from pigs from a slaughterhouse. Grafts were made very marginal with at least 60 minutes of donor warm ischemia time and 24 hours of static-cold ischemia time: (1) 3 grafts were perfused in hypothermic MP with PerSorb (Sorb); (2) 2 other grafts in hypothermic MP (HMP) without the cartridge (NoSorb); and (3) The other 2 livers stored in the ice box (NoTreat). The CK were measured at HMP start (T0) and at the end (Tend). Biopsies were taken at T0 and Tend.

RESULTS

All 5 grafts treated with HMP had a negative lactate trend after 3 hours of treatment (8.83 at T0 vs 6.4 at Tend of Sorb; 15 at T0 vs 5.45 at Tend for NoSorb, P value > 0.05). At Tend, both Sorb and NoSorb groups had better hemodynamic parameters, comparable between the two groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed a reduction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β for NoSorb group at Tend and a complete downregulation to physiological levels of the same CK in Sorb livers after 3 hours of treatment. Biopsies showed a reduction of the perisinusoidal edema for the Sorb grafts compared with the NoSorb livers.

CONCLUSION

These data suggest a potential protective role of treatment of grafts with MP and sorbent cartridge in reducing the inflammatory response after a severe ischemic injury.