bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 4 from Poor Prognosis among Radiation-Associated Bladder Cancer Is Defined by Clinicogenomic Features
Authors: Wijetunga N. Ari , Gessner Kathryn H. , Kanchi Krishna , Moore Jay A. , Fleischmann Zoe , Jin Dexter X. , Frampton Garrett M. , Sturdivant Michael , Repka Michael , Sud Shivani , Corcoran David L. , Galsky Matthew D. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Wobker Sara E. , Kim William Y. , Rose Tracy L. , Damrauer Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2024

Comparison of the copy number landscape between CTRL and RT tumors. A, Copy number status, as determined by the FoundationOne CDx assay, was plotted by the number of tumors with a given alteration (gains = positive value, losses = negative values). Groups are shown as CTRL (gold), RT–short latency (dark blue), and RT–long latency (light blue). Significant enrichment was calculated using the Fisher exact test, and P < 0.05 is indicated by an asterisk (*). Patients were separated by latency, (B) CTRL, (C) short Latency, and (D) long latency, and OS differences between chr9p21.3 WT and loss (as determined by CDKN2A/B copy number status) were visualized using KM curves. Log rank P value was calculated for the pairwise comparison. Patients were then separated by CKDN2A/B copy number status to compare the difference in OS between the latency group within (E) deleted or (F) copy number neutral tumors. G, RT samples in the DFCI cohort were grouped by CDKN2A/B loss (GISTIC2 value <0.5), and OS was visualized. For all KM plots, dashed lines indicate median survival. WT, wild type.
JC Polyomavirus Nephropathy: A Rare Complication Late after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Scotti Gerber Jennifer , De Marchi Sara , Gaspert Ariana , Fehr Thomas , Cippà Pietro E.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: JC-polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (JC-PVAN) is a rare cause of allograft dysfunction with only a few cases described in the literature. Case Presentation: We present 2 cases of JC-PVAN, both of which occurred >5 years after kidney transplantation. In both cases, transplant biopsies were performed because of worsening of kidney function. We found tubulitis and interstitial inflammation; immunohistochemistry was positive for SV40, but BK virus was not detected. The presence of JC virus confirmed the diagnosis of JC-PVAN. Immunosuppressive therapy was adopted, but in both cases graft function progressively deteriorated. Conclusions: Our cases show that JC-PVAN, although much rarer than BK-PVAN, should be considered a possible cause of graft dysfunction even years after transplantation. Complete diagnostic workup, including kidney biopsy, is crucial for correct diagnosis and treatment.
Preclinical Evaluation of Sodium Butyrate’s Potential to Reduce Alcohol Consumption: A Dose-Escalation Study in C57BL/6J Mice in Antibiotic-Enhanced Binge-Like Drinking Model
Authors: Havton Gregory C. , Tai Alex T.C. , Vasisht Surabhi , Davies Daryl L. , Asatryan Liana
Published: September 2024

Introduction: In our earlier efforts to establish gut-brain axis during alcohol use disorder (AUD), we have demonstrated that supplementation of C57BL/6J male mice with 8 mg/mL sodium butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, in drinking water reduced ethanol intake and neuroinflammatory response in antibiotic (ABX)-enhanced voluntary binge-like alcohol consumption model, drinking in the dark (DID). Methods: To further evaluate the preclinical potential of SB, we have set a dose-escalation study in C57BL/6J male mice to test effects of ad libitum 20 mg/mL SB and 50 mg/mL SB and their combinations with ABX in the DID procedure for 4 weeks. Effects of these SB concentrations on ethanol consumption and bodily parameters were determined for the duration of the treatments. At the end of study, blood, liver, and intestinal tissues were collected to study any potential adverse effects ad to measure blood ethanol concentrations. Results: Increasing SB concentrations in the drinking water caused a loss in the protective effect against ethanol consumption and produced adverse effects on body and liver weights, reduced overall liquid intake. The hypothesis that these effects were due to aversion to SB smell/taste at these high concentrations were further tested in a follow up proof-of-concept study with intragastric gavage administration of SB. The higher gavage dose (320 mg/kg) caused reduction in ethanol consumption without any adverse effects. Conclusion: Overall, these findings added more support for the therapeutic potential of SB in management of AUD, given a proper form of administration.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Treatment Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity in Big Premature Infants in Turkiye: Report No. 1 (BIG-ROP Study)
Authors: Özdek Şengül , Ozdemir Huseyin Baran , Ozen Tunay Zuhal , Bayramoglu Sadik Ekta , Alyamac Sukgen Emine , Kır Nur , Koç Esin ,   on behalf of BIG-ROP Study Group
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical and demographic features of infants with gestational age (GA) of 32–37 weeks and birth weight (BW) of >1,500 g who developed treatment requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Data on the infants with a GA of 32–37 weeks and BW >1,500 g who developed treatment requiring ROP (TR-ROP) were collected retrospectively from the 33 ROP centres in Turkiye. GA, BW, type of hospital, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) level, presence of an ophthalmologist and neonatologist in the same hospital, length of stay in NICU, duration of oxygen therapy, comorbidities, type of ROP, and timing for TR-ROP development were analysed. Results: A total of366 infants were included in the study. Mean GA and BW were 33 ± 1 weeks and 1,896 ± 316 g, respectively. Duration of hospitalization was 3–4 weeks in 46.8% of them. The first ROP examination was performed at postnatal 4–5 weeks in 80.3% of infants, which was significantly later in level 2 and lower NICUs and non-university clinics. At the first ROP examination, any stage of ROP was detected in 90.9% and TR-ROP was detected in 15.3% of the infants. The mean postnatal week of TR-ROP development was 6.16 ± 2.04. Conclusion: Routine ROP screening thresholds need to be expanded in hospitals with suboptimal NICU conditions considering the development of TR-ROP in more mature and heavier preterm infants. The first ROP examination should be earlier than the fourth postnatal week.
Estimation of Hearing Thresholds with Auditory Steady-State Responses to Narrow-Band Chirps in Children
Authors: Chiba Hiroyuki , Ito Tsukasa , Kubota Toshinori , Matsui Hirooki , Shinkawa Chikako , Kakehata Seiji
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to narrow-band chirps (NB-chirps) for estimating hearing levels in children. Design: Thresholds from the NB-chirp ASSR were evaluated in 30 sedated children with normal hearing or hearing loss. The correlation between the NB-chirp ASSR and pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds was analyzed, and the difference score (DS) between these thresholds was calculated. Data from the NB-chirp ASSR were compared to retrospective data from conventional ASSR to exponentially amplitude-modulated tones in 25 sedated children. Results: Positive correlations between the NB-chirp ASSR and PTA thresholds were found at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. Multiple comparisons of the DSs for the NB-chirp ASSR and PTA revealed significant differences at 500–2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz, as well as 1,000–2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz. Comparisons of the DSs demonstrated that the DS of the NB-chirp ASSR was significantly smaller than that of the conventional ASSR at 2,000 Hz. Furthermore, the testing times for the NB-chirp ASSR were significantly shorter than those for the conventional ASSR. Conclusion: The NB-chirp ASSR closely reflected the PTA thresholds, and the testing time was shorter than that of the conventional ASSR. Thus, this study demonstrated that the NB-chirp ASSR is useful for hearing threshold estimation in children.
Algumas considerações sobre as afinidades entre a estética marxista e a redução estrutural de Antonio Candido
Authors: Barros Vinícius Victor
Published: September 2024

This article aims to discuss the notion of structural reduction proposed by Antonio Candido based on what is argued to be a fruitful approach to historical-dialectical materialism, which governs Marxist aesthetics. With this objective in mind, it seeks to establish coherent connections between certain moments in the critic's work, where structural reduction is outlined in some way, and the thoughts of foundational authors in the tradition, such as Marx, Engels, Lukács, among others. By revisiting these affinities, the goal is to understand Candido's notion as a process of aesthetic mediation of objective reality and human socio-historical processes. Finally, some misinterpretations of the theoretical foundations supporting structural reduction are mentioned, along with hypotheses that justify such reductive readings.
O Judeu Errante em Imortalidade (1925), de Coelho Neto
Authors: Resende Ana
Published: September 2024

Despite individual efforts, the figure of the Wandering Jew in Brazilian literature has not been studied enough. The aim of this article is to illustrate how the themes of Faust and the Wandering Jew, which were already mentioned in Matthew Gregory Lewis’s The Monk (2002), are utilized in Coelho Neto’s Imortalidade (1925) in an ingenious combination, which nonetheless contains the fundamental themes of the Wandering Jew narrative: supernatural longevity, wandering and offense against divinity.
A morte de Jesus
Authors: Oliveira Vitória Taísa Bertoldo de
Published: September 2024

Creative writing.
Prevalence of Hyperkalemia and Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension in 5100 Patients Referred to a Tertiary Hypertension Unit
Authors: Tetti Martina , Burrello Jacopo , Hureaux Marguerite , Billon Clarisse , Clauser Eric , Veglio Franco , Rabbia Franco , Pasini Barbara , Crisetti Annalisa , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Mulatero Paolo , Monticone Silvia
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hyperkalemia is a frequent electrolyte alteration whose prevalence varies widely, depending on the adopted cutoff, the setting (inpatients versus outpatients), and the characteristics of the study population. Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHH) is a rare cause of hypertension, hyperkalemia, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

METHODS:

In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the prevalence of hyperkalemia (serum K
+
>5.2 mmol/L on 2 repeated measurements) in 5100 referred patients affected by arterial hypertension, the potential causes, and the associated cardiovascular risk profile.

RESULTS:

Overall, 374 (7.3%) patients had hyperkalemia. This was associated with drugs known to increase K
+
levels (74.6%), chronic kidney disease (33.7%), or both (24.3%). Among the 60 patients with unexplained hyperkalemia, 3 displayed a clinical and biochemical phenotype suggestive of FHH that was genetically confirmed in 2 of them (0.04% in the entire cohort). FHH prevalence rose to 3.3% in patients with unexplained hyperkalemia and up to 29% (2/7) if they had serum K
+
>5.8 mmol/L. The genetic cause of FHH was a missense variant affecting the acidic motif of
WNK1
in 1 family and a rare
CUL3
splicing variant, whose functional significance was confirmed by a minigene assay, in another. Finally, we observed a significant association between hyperkalemia and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, metabolic syndrome, and organ damage, independent of potential confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

The identification of hyperkalemia in patients with hypertension has prognostic implications. A timely diagnosis of FHH is important for effective management of hypertension, electrolyte imbalance correction with tailored treatment, and genetic counseling.
Use and Cost Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in the United States From 1996 to 2021
Authors: Jacobs Joshua A. , Rodgers Anthony , Bellows Brandon K. , Hernandez Inmaculada , Wang Nelson , Derington Catherine G. , King Jordan B. , Zheutlin Alexander R. , Whelton Paul K. , Egan Brent M. , Cushman William C. , Bress Adam P.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Antihypertensive medication use patterns have likely been influenced by changing costs and accessibility over the past 3 decades. This study examines the relationships between patent exclusivity loss, medication costs, and national health policies on antihypertensive medication use.

METHODS:

Using 1996 to 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data of US adults with hypertension taking at least 1 antihypertensive medication, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. We explored the associations between patent exclusivity loss, per-pill costs, and Medicare Part D enactment on medication use over time, focusing on the most commonly used medications (lisinopril, amlodipine, losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and metoprolol).

RESULTS:

The unweighted sample comprised 50 095 US adults (mean age, 62 years; 53% female). The survey-weighted number of adults taking antihypertensive medications increased from 22 million (95% CIs, 20–23 million) to 55 million (95% CI, 51–60 million) between 1996 and 2021. Loss of patent exclusivity led to increased medication fills, notably for lisinopril, amlodipine, and losartan, which all exhibited within-class dominance. However, per-pill cost decreases coinciding with Medicare Part D did not increase the number of individuals treated or the use of specific antihypertensive medications or classes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The increase in antihypertensive medication use over the past decades highlights the significant impact of loss of patent exclusivity on the uptake in the use of specific medications. These findings underscore the complexity of factors influencing medication use, beyond cost reductions alone, and suggest that policies need to consider multiple facets to effectively improve antihypertensive medication accessibility and utilization.
Finite State Machines with Data Paths in Visual Languages for Music
Authors: Tavares Tiago Fernandes , Fornari José Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Some music-domain visual programming languages (VPLs) have been shown to be Turing-complete. The common lack of built-in flow control structures can obstruct using VPLs to implement general-purpose algorithms, however, which harms the direct use of algorithms and algorithm theory in art-creation processes using VPLs. In this article, we show how to systematically implement general-purpose algorithms in music-domain visual languages by using the computation model known as a finite state machine with data path. The results expose a finite state machine and a set of internal state variables that traverse paths whose speed can be controlled using metronome ticks and whose path depends on the initial conditions of the algorithm. These elements can be further mapped to music elements according to the musician's intentions. We demonstrate this technique by implementing Euclid's greatest common divisor algorithm and using it to control high-level music elements in an implementation of Terry Riley's In C, and to control audio synthesis parameters in a frequency-modulator synthesizer.
Segmentation-Free Streaming Machine Translation
Authors: Iranzo-Sánchez Javier , Iranzo-Sánchez Jorge , Giménez Adrià , Civera Jorge , Juan Alfons
Published: September 2024

Streaming Machine Translation (MT) is the task of translating an unbounded input text stream in real-time. The traditional cascade approach, which combines an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and an MT system, relies on an intermediate segmentation step which splits the transcription stream into sentence-like units. However, the incorporation of a hard segmentation constrains the MT system and is a source of errors. This paper proposes a Segmentation-Free framework that enables the model to translate an unsegmented source stream by delaying the segmentation decision until after the translation has been generated. Extensive experiments show how the proposed Segmentation-Free framework has better quality-latency trade-off than competing approaches that use an independent segmentation model.1
Deconstructing the Arguments in Favour of Politicisation of Muslim Immigrants in the EU
Authors: Omidi Ali , Bahramipour Fereshteh , Barati Sahar
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, the phenomenon of international immigration has witnessed a dramatic increase, propelled by factors such as globalisation, escalating poverty and hunger, environmental degradation, war, and civil unrest. Since 2015, a notable surge in immigration from Muslim-majority countries to Europe has occurred, attributed to the geographic proximity of Europe to crisis-ridden areas like the Middle East and North Africa. On the other hand, in recent years, extreme right-wing and racist tendencies have proliferated across nearly all European nations. Immigrants, particularly those of Muslim faith, have become easy scapegoats for these right-wing elements, portraying them as threats to European identity, values, culture, and economy. This article aims to delve into the perception of Europeans towards Muslim immigrants, addressing the pivotal question: Is the immigration of individuals from Muslim countries to the European Union a genuine threat or a constructed one? The paper systematically deconstructs the primary arguments depicting Muslim immigrants as threats to the security, identity, and economy of European countries. It rigorously contends that this perceived threat is predominantly constructed by certain right-wing politicians and media outlets.
Asian Selaginellaceae: Five new combinations in Didiclis and Hypopterygiopsis
Authors: HU YU-PING , ZHANG LI-BING , ZHOU XIN-MAO
Published: September 2024

N/A
Looking at upside-down ants: Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)
Authors: FRANÇA EDER CLEYTON BARBOSA , FERNANDES ITANNA OLIVEIRA , BRAVO JOHN EDWIN LATTKE
Published: September 2024

We provide a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Odontomachus, including description of gynes, their wing venation, and description of males. We examined 2633 workers, 156 gynes, and 142 males, resulting in four new species, which are described here: O. chicomendesi sp. nov., O. cupreus sp. nov., O. dubius sp. nov. and O. xeta sp. nov. We propose the synonym of O. mayi n. syn. under O. panamensis, resulting in 27 species of Odontomachus in the neotropics. Dichotomous keys, illustrated with high quality images, are provided for workers, gynes, and males. We describe/redescribe 21 gynes and 15 males. The worker of O. allolabis is redescribed and the status of the type specimens as parasitized is confirmed. Odontomachus chelifer shows wide variation of the petiolar node, metasternal process and male propodeum sculpturing indicating that it is possibly a complex of cryptic species. The metasternal process is an important diagnostic character for most of the species. The morphology of the worker and gynes are congruent with the current molecular phylogeny for the genus. We discuss the hastatus and haematodus species groups relationships and keep O. cornutus, O. mormo, and O. bradleyi in their respective monospecific groups. It is still necessary to investigate male genitalia to shed light on the relations within the haematodus group and detect possible cryptic species.
Effect of Oxidation on Physicochemical Properties and Structure of Mutton Myosin
Authors: Cao Yingying , Zhao Lila , Wang Fubing , Su Huilin , Zhu Limeng
Published: September 2024

The physicochemical properties and structure of mutton myosin were investigated through the simulation of natural oxidation using a Fenton oxidation system. Various degrees of oxidation (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide solution) were employed to analyze the changes
in myosin characteristics. The results pertaining to physicochemical properties revealed a decrease in myosin solubility and an increase in turbidity with escalating the degree of oxidation. Additionally, the water holding capacity of gels exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent
decrease. The primary structure analysis indicated that oxidation causes varying degrees of myosin degradation and cross-linked aggregation. The secondary structure examination suggested a decrease in the content of α-helices but an increase in the content of β-sheet.
Furthermore, the tertiary structure assessment demonstrates that both carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity of myosin solution were increased, while the total sulfhydryl and active sulfhydryl content are decreased. Meanwhile, the contents of hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds
of protein gels firstly increased and then deceased. In conclusion, oxidative modification can significantly impact the physicochemical properties and structure of myosin. Moderate oxidation can enhance the structure of myosin gels and improve water holding capacity. These findings collectively
signify that regulating the degree of oxidation can be a valuable strategy for controlling and enhancing the quality of meat products.
Indian Ocean Intermediate Water Masses and Their Simulations by CMIP6 Models
Authors: Zhou Jihao , Li Yuanlong , Du Yan , Hong Yu , Lu Lei , Lu Ying , Wang Wei-Lei , Wang Fan
Published: September 2024

Water masses are carriers of anthropogenic fingerprints in the ocean interior, with their property changes manifesting oceanic thermodynamic responses to climate change. Yet, delimiting ocean water masses remains challenging in either observational atlas or climate models. This study analyzes the distribution of Indian Ocean seawater in the density–spicity space and uses volumetric maxima and minima between σ = 27.1 and 27.4 kg m−3 to track the cores and boundaries of intermediate water masses, respectively. In addition to the well-known Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Red Sea–Persian Gulf Intermediate Water (RS-PGIW), two other water masses are identified by the new approach. One is the Indian-AAIW (I-AAIW), as a mixture of the AAIW and the Indonesian Throughflow water, existing in the South Equatorial Current and the Agulhas Current system. The other [equatorial Indian Intermediate Water (EIIW)] exits in the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, sourced from the RS-PGIW and overlying fresh waters. These waters are corroborated by nutrient and dissolved oxygen data. Around half (26 out of 51) of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models can reasonably simulate these intermediate water masses. Compared with the observed water masses, the intermediate water masses in models are of a smaller thickness and the RS-PGIW is colder and fresher. The former arises from a warm bias in the thermocline, whereas the latter is likely linked to insufficient ventilation in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf in models owing to coarse grid resolution and a surface cold bias.

Significance Statement

Oceanic water masses are important for understanding climate change. Yet, the definition of water masses is controversial. Here, we use volumetric minima in the density–spicity space to track the boundaries of intermediate (27.1–27.4 kg m−3) water masses in the Indian Ocean. We identify four water masses: AAIW, I-AAIW, EIIW, and RS-PGIW. We delineate the geographical location of each water mass, including two newly identified water masses (I-AAIW and EIIW). We also examined the performance of 51 CMIP6 models in simulating these water masses and found that 26 models can reasonably simulate the distribution of these water masses. There are two systematic model biases emerging from these models. The intermediate water masses in models are of a thinner thickness arising from a warm bias in the thermocline, and the RS-PGIW is colder and fresher owing to insufficient ventilation in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. These results provide a useful benchmark for understanding water masses in a changing climate and constraining climate models.
Disentangling the Complexities of How Underlying Surface Thermal Factors Influence July Precipitation in Eastern China
Authors: Dong Xuan , Chen Haishan , Zhou Yang , Hsu Pang-chi , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2024

Precipitation in eastern China exhibits large interannual variability during July with the northward movement of the monsoon rain belt. Thus, eastern China usually experiences severe droughts and floods in July. However, the influences of underlying surface thermal drivers, particularly the land factors, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the leading modes of July precipitation in eastern China and their potential influencing factors. The first and second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes show meridional dipole and tripolar precipitation anomalies in eastern China, respectively. The EOF1 mode is found to be closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans in June, while the EOF2 mode is mainly linked to anomalous Indian Ocean SST and Indochina Peninsula soil moisture in June. During years with a strong El Niño–South Oscillation (ENSO) signal, the EOF1 mode is mainly related to the enhanced Walker and Hadley circulations associated with the cold tropical Pacific SST anomalies. In contrast, during years with a weak ENSO signal, the Eurasian midlatitude wave train and the westward zonal overturning circulation associated with tripole-like North Atlantic SST anomalies play a leading role. The EOF2 mode is mainly influenced by Indian Ocean SST anomalies that alter the Walker circulation and by soil moisture anomalies in the Indochina Peninsula that induce an anomalous regional cyclonic circulation. Numerical experiments further demonstrated that the combined effects of soil moisture and SST exert a more substantial impact than their individual effects. These results emphasize the importance of surface thermal factors in understanding regional climate dynamics.
Contrasting Precipitation Variations over the Himalayas–Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in Winter: Insights from the Perspectives of Anthropogenic Warming and Arctic Sea Ice Variations
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Wenfeng , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Zhongshi , Chen Huopo , Niu Xiaorui , Hu Qin , Chen Deliang
Published: September 2024

Climate warming has caused widespread glacier retreat across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with notable impacts observed in both the western Himalayas and southeastern TP. Remarkably, over the past two decades, the rate of glacier mass loss has remained stable or even declined in the western Himalayas, whereas a contrasting trend of acceleration has been evident in the southeastern TP. Among various factors considered, the contrasting winter precipitation pattern across the Himalayas–southeastern TP stands out as an important contributor to the observed differences in glacier mass balances. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence of a noticeable shift in the climate regime due to anthropogenic warming, altering atmospheric circulation patterns. This, in turn, has led to a significant change in the dominant winter precipitation pattern, favoring the observed contrasting glacier mass balances trend in winter. Additionally, the Barents–Kara Sea ice has emerged as a plausible driver of the interannual variability of the contrasting precipitation pattern, acting by exerting force on the atmosphere and stimulating the Rossby wave propagation. Consequently, it led to the opposite vertical motion and alterations in the moisture budget between the western Himalayas and southeastern TP. Thus, it is crucial to consider the unprecedented anthropogenic warming and Arctic Sea ice variations as potential drivers shaping both past and future glacier behaviors within this domain.
A Simple Model for Predicting Tropical Cyclone Minimum Central Pressure from Intensity and Size
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Knaff John A. , Klotzbach Phil
Published: September 2024

Minimum central pressure (Pmin) is an integrated measure of the tropical cyclone wind field and is known to be a useful indicator of storm damage potential. A simple model that predicts Pmin from routinely estimated quantities, including storm size, would be of great value. Here, we present a simple linear empirical model for predicting Pmin from maximum wind speed, a radius of 34-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) winds (R34kt), storm center latitude, and the environmental pressure. An empirical model for the pressure deficit is first developed that takes as predictors specific combinations of these quantities that are derived directly from theory based on gradient wind balance and a modified Rankine-type wind profile known to capture storm structure inside of R34kt. Model coefficients are estimated using data from the southwestern North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific from 2004 to 2022 using aircraft-based estimates of Pmin, extended best track data, and estimates of environmental pressure from Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses. The model has a near-zero conditional bias even for low Pmin, explaining 94.2% of the variance. Performance is superior to a variety of other model formulations, including a standard wind–pressure model that does not account for storm size or latitude (89.2% variance explained). Model performance is also strong when applied to high-latitude data and data near coastlines. Finally, the model is shown to perform comparably well in an operation-like setting based solely on routinely estimated variables, including the pressure of the outermost closed isobar. Case study applications to five impactful historical storms are discussed. Overall, the model offers a simple, fast, physically based prediction for Pmin for practical use in operations and research.

Significance Statement

Sea level pressure is lowest at the center of a hurricane and is routinely estimated in operational forecasting along with the maximum wind speed. While the latter is currently used to define hurricane intensity, the minimum pressure is also a viable measure of storm intensity that is known to better represent damage risk. A simple empirical model that predicts the minimum pressure from maximum wind speed and size, and based on the physics of the hurricane wind field, does not currently exist. This work develops such a model by using wind field physics to determine the important parameters and then uses a simple statistical model to make the final prediction. This model is quick and easy to use in weather forecasting and risk assessment applications.
Interlocking institutions and elite networks in democratic organizations. Social network analysis of elected representatives in massive membership organizations in the greater Helsinki region
Authors: Niska Tuomas , Eranti Veikko , Heikkinen Juulia
Published: September 2024

Participation in organizational democracy is viewed in widely different ways: both positively, as schools of democracy, and more negatively, as elite pools of democracy. However, most of the research on this topic has focused on participation in voluntary associations. This paper looks beyond the classic understanding of association democracy to explore the democratic governance in a church, a consumer cooperative, and in student organizations, and examines their links to Helsinki region city councils and parliamentary politics. Using public access data, we created a database of 4141 people to map how these democratic organizations connect with institutional democracy through a social network of democratically elected representatives. Drawing on social network analysis and the literature on voluntary associations, our study revealed a tightly interlocked interorganizational network and an interpersonal network of democratic elites in Finnish society.
Prevalence of mental illness among Australian and New Zealand people in prison: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published over five decades
Authors: Yee Natalia , Browne Christie , Rahman Farzana , Dean Kimberlie
Published: September 2024

Background:

The higher rate of mental illness, including severe psychotic disorders, among people in prisons compared to the general community is well-established. However, there have been no reviews or attempts to pool data on the reported prevalence of mental illness across prisons in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:

A systematic search of electronic databases from 1966 to the end of 2020 was conducted to identify studies reporting rates of ‘any’ mental illness, and separately rates of psychotic illness, among adult men and women in Australian and New Zealand prisons. A meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021241946), with separate analyses conducted for lifetime and current prevalence rates.

Results:

Seventeen studies, with a total of 10,209 people in prison, met inclusion criteria. The pooled lifetime prevalence of ‘any’ mental illness was 69.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.56, 0.79]), and the pooled lifetime prevalence for psychosis was 9.1% (95% confidence interval = [0.07, 0.12]). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence for ‘any’ current mental illness was 54.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.39, 0.68]) and for any current psychosis was 6.4% (95% confidence interval = [0.04, 0.10]). There was substantial heterogeneity between studies, with evidence that lifetime rates of psychosis have increased over time, with true prevalence estimates in 95% of all comparable populations falling between 2.7% and 26.4%.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of mental illness, including severe psychotic illness, is high in Australian and New Zealand prisons. Furthermore, there is evidence that the prevalence of psychosis may be increasing over time, indicating more effort is needed to ensure diversion of people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into healthcare pathways.
Imaginative labor and embodied cognition: Economic sociology as a cognitive science
Authors: Stoltz Dustin S.
Published: September 2024

How do we imagine economic objects, processes, and actions? More importantly, if the future is inherently uncertain what limits the range of possible imaginings such that actors can agree and coordinate? Building on the work of Jens Beckert, I outline an approach to imagination and imaginative labor in economic sociology grounded on the insight that embodied cognition is central to the capacity for exploring possibilities for action and organizing abstract domains. To demonstrate this approach, I build on the use of metaphor analysis in sociology, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive linguistics to analyze a field whose fictional expectations have a significant impact on the global political economy: elite professional advisory firms. This is a field in the business of selling imaginative labor, both within the backstage work of recruiting and the frontstage work of selling.
Search Friction and Costly Entry in the Specific Factors Model
Authors: Chau Nancy H.
Published: September 2024

In this article, I echo Jones (1965) and sketch a model rooted in search frictions and costly entry to demonstrate by example how central features of simple general equilibrium models can show up as ‘retranslated properties in diverse areas’. By uncovering and imparting popular understanding about these central features of simple general equilibrium models, the legacy of Professor Jones’s contributions transcends diverse disciplines in economics, extending well beyond the theory of international trade.

JEL Codes: D5, F1, J6
FDI, Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Select Indian States
Authors: Sahoo Swarnamanjari
Published: September 2024

This article examines the foreign direct investment (FDI)-growth nexus by controlling for the level of financial development in a panel of six individual states of India from 2001 to 2018. By using pooled mean group estimation technique, the study finds that financial development encourages economic growth while FDI has a negative impact on output growth in the long run. However, a higher level of financial development allows states to benefit more from FDI, suggesting that financial development helps in enhancing the FDI impact on output growth.

JEL Codes: E20, F21, F10
Chinese and American Think Tanks: Comparing International Social Media Communication Characteristics
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Han Ye , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Think tanks can leverage global influence to manifest the soft power of their home countries. International social media is a useful channel for Chinese think tanks to spread their messages abroad and enhance their influence. In this study, we examine the think tank index report released by the University of Pennsylvania's Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP). Through comparative analysis and content analysis, this study analyzes the differences between Chinese and American think tanks’ usage of and presence on Twitter (now called X). Compared with American think tanks, Chinese think tanks have much room for improvement. We recommend that Chinese think tanks should: construct network infrastructure to support the development of international social media in China; increase their participation on diverse international social media platforms; actively participate in globalized issues and promote Chinese issues; cultivate professionals with the skills required to manage international social media accounts for think tanks; and incorporate metrics on social media into their think tank evaluation mechanisms.
Debt Collection Pressure and Mental Health: Evidence from a Cohort of U.S. Young Adults
Authors: Rhodes Alec P. , Dwyer Rachel E. , Houle Jason N.
Published: September 2024

The debt collection industry in the United States has grown in tandem with rising indebtedness. Prior research on debt and mental health mainly treats debt as a resource and liability rather than a power relationship between creditors and debtors. We study the mental health consequences of debt collection pressure using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 Cohort (N = 7,236). Drawing on stress theory and health power resources theory, we posit collection pressure as a relational stressor that undermines well-being through negative interactions with debt collectors, financial strain, role strain, and stigma. We find that more than one out of every three young adults in this cohort faced debt collection pressure by around age 40, with higher rates among low-income and Black young adults. Individual fixed-effects and lagged dependent variable regression models indicate that debt collection pressure is associated with increased psychological distress, with more severe consequences among low-income young adults.
A Historical Review of the Prevalence of Job Stress Theories
Authors: Moon Young-Kook , O’Brien Kimberly E. , Beehr Terry A. , Lee Jong-Hyun
Published: September 2024

Job stress theories have been developed and refined to better understand employee wellbeing. Now that the field is maturing, it is appropriate to review the theoretical trends and developments for future research and practical guidance. The current paper provides a historical review, with both objective (i.e., counts of published theories) and subjective evaluation of job stress theory. In Study 1, two trained raters coded theories used in job stress journals. The job demand-control (-support; JDCS) model was initially well-represented, but has been superseded more recently by theories that focus on multiple resources (e.g., the job demand-resource - JDR - model). Among non-job stress theories, motivation and affective theories have been well-represented within job stress research. Study 2 expanded the results of Study 1 through review of two international applied psychology journals with additional coding categories. Specifically, we identified empirical support for theories and researcher characteristics (i.e., national and professional affiliation). The JDCS model had the least full support according to a vote counting method, and resource models (e.g., JDR) the most. Germany and the Netherlands were the most represented locations, with the United States having the most international collaborations. Psychology and management were the most represented affiliations.
Examination of Excessive Mind-Wandering Following Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment in Adults
Authors: Takım Uğur , Gökçay Hasan
Published: September 2024

Although mind-wandering (MW) is a part of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the impact of psychostimulants on excessive MW remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate how psychostimulants impact the MW of adult ADHD patients post treatment. This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 54 randomly selected ADHD patients who applied to our psychiatry outpatient clinic and 40 healthy controls. The ADHD patients were administered methylphenidate or atomoxetine. A Semi-Structured Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), and the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) were applied. Routine psychiatric assessments in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months of pharmacological treatment were carried out by a psychiatrist. The pre-treatment MEWS score of the ADHD patients was 26.09 ± 1.92, which significantly decreased to 12.78 ± 2.54 post-treatment (F = 715.250, p < .001). A statistically significant difference was identified between the mean pre-treatment ASRS total score (44.07 ± 10.09) and post-treatment score (27.34 ± 11.22; F = 50.364, p < .001). A lifetime history of alcohol/substance use was positively associated with the MEWS score. ADHD pharmacotherapy led to significant reductions in MW. Recognizing the interaction between MW and ADHD could help in the design of more specific and comprehensive interventions.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with cardiac surgery
Authors: Kim Min-Song , Kim Sang-Hee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery are at high risk of delirium due to a variety of factors. This study aimed to identify the incidence of postoperative delirium in adult patients with cardiac surgery and its risk factors, such as characteristics of subjects, disease and treatment-related, as well as nursing-related characteristics. Methods: The study was performed on adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Y University Hospital in D city; a total of 195 patients met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results of this study determined that 67 of 195 adult cardiac surgery patients had postoperative delirium, 53.7% of which occurred in the ICU and 46.3% in the general ward. Risk factors of postoperative delirium were postoperative symptoms of inflammation (odds ratio [OR] = 10.18, p = 0.002), continuous renal replacement therapy application after surgery (OR = 9.05, p = 0.006), postoperative sleep disorder (OR = 8.98, p < 0.001), age (OR = 6.23, p = 0.006), length of stay in the ICU (OR = 3.83, p = 0.031), history of stroke (OR = 3.71, p = 0.033), the number of postoperative catheter retention (OR = 1.53, p = 0.065), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score (OR = 1.12, p = 0.006), and time of operation (OR = 1.01, p = 0.042). Conclusion: This study confirmed that after cardiac surgery, postoperative delirium occurred in patients during their ICU stay and after their transfer to a general ward. Considering that after cardiac surgery ICU-related factors affect the incidence of delirium in the general ward, there is a need for continuous monitoring of ICU-related factors after the patient gets transferred to a general ward.
Trusting AI made decisions in healthcare by making them explainable
Authors: Žlahtič Bojan , Završnik Jernej , Kokol Peter , Blažun Vošner Helena , Sobotkiewicz Nina , Antolinc Schaubach Barbara , Kirbiš Simona
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In solving the trust issues surrounding machine learning algorithms whose reasoning cannot be understood, advancements can be made toward the integration of machine learning algorithms into mHealth applications. The aim of this paper is to provide a transparency layer to black-box machine learning algorithms and empower mHealth applications to maximize their efficiency.

Methods

Using a machine learning testing framework, we present the process of knowledge transfer between a white-box model and a black-box model and the evaluation process to validate the success of the knowledge transfer.

Results

The presentation layer of the final output of the base white-box model and the knowledge-infused white-box model shows clear differences in reasoning. The correlation between the base black-box model and the new knowledge-infused model is very high, indicating that the knowledge transfer was successful.

Conclusion

There is a clear need for transparency in digital health and health in general. Adding solutions to the toolbox of explainable artificial intelligence is one way to gradually decrease the obscurity of black-box models.
Carbon footprint calculation and evaluation of mulberry silk quilts
Authors: Liu Can , Li Xin , Li Qizheng , Chen Yuyi , Liu Jinggang , Liu Shuangshuang , Wang Laili
Published: September 2024

At present, there is growing concern with climate change and environmental impacts arising from textiles. The carbon footprint measures the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated directly and indirectly by human activities. Among silk home textiles, mulberry silk quilts occupy a significant proportion, but there has been no carbon footprint accounting for silk quilt products. In order to identify the key emission processes during the production of mulberry silk quilts and further explore the improvement opportunities, this study calculated and evaluated the carbon footprints of mulberry silk quilts with nine specifications. The results showed that the carbon footprint result was influenced by product weight and size. The larger the size and weight of the product, the larger the carbon footprint result would be. By examining the carbon footprint of a representative piece of mulberry silk quilt (1 kg, 180 cm × 220 cm) throughout the production process, the study found that the carbon footprint result was concentrated in the white silk yarn production stage, exceeding 44.87%. Further, steam was the largest emission source of the carbon footprint, at over 39.56%. In addition, this study compared and analyzed the differences between fresh and dry cocoon reeling technologies. In terms of carbon footprint, the dry cocoon reeling technology produces a larger carbon footprint than the fresh cocoon reeling technology for the same weight of white silk. The findings in this study provide valuable insights into the greenhouse effect impact of mulberry silk quilt production and contribute to sustainable manufacturing practices in the silk industry.
The Relationship Between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Problematic Social Media Use
Authors: Calaresi Danilo , Cuzzocrea Francesca , Saladino Valeria , Verrastro Valeria
Published: September 2024

The increasing usage of social media has sparked interest in identifying characteristics that contribute to problematic social media use (PSMU). Using the Interaction Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, the current study analyzes whether fear of missing out (FoMO) and dissociative experiences affect the link between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and PSMU. The research included 1,216 Italian adolescents (50% girls) aged 14 to 17 years old. The mediation model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with latent variables, and gender invariance was determined using Multiple-Group Path Analysis (MGPA). The data exhibited excellent fit indices, highlighting significant connections in all direct and indirect pathways, as well as gender invariance. The findings endorse the I-PACE framework and suggest that trait EI may act preventively against PSMU by reducing the likelihood of experiencing FoMO and dissociative experiences. Additionally, addressing FoMO and dissociative experiences could be advantageous in fostering a healthier social media use.