bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rate Of Diaspididae In Unabi Plant
Authors:   Doctor Of Biological Sciences, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Kimsanbayev Khojimurod Khamrokulovich , Murodov Bakojon Egambdiyevich ,   Candidate Of Biological Sciences, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Yakhyoev Jurabek Nodirjonovich ,   Junior Researcher, Institute Of Zoology Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Dangerous pest is widespread in Uzbekistan. The most dangerous of these are diaspids. They damage many plants. Unabi, apple, pear, plum, quince, peach, almond, hawthorn, pine, poplar and other orchards and ornamental trees are damaged. According to the taxonomic composition of the fauna of diaspids found in the unabi orchards of Tashkent region, the number of generations in the family Diaspididae in the fauna was 6 (Diaspidiotus, Salicicola, Parlatoria, Lepidosaphes, Chlidaspis and Pseudaulacaspis) and the number of species was 12. Diaspidiotus (4 species, 33,3%) and Lepidosaphes (3 species, 25,0%) predominate in the distribution of species, while Salicicola, Parlatoria, Chlidaspis and Pseudaulacaspis are monotypic. species, representing 16,7% of the total fauna, while representatives of the Salicicola, Chlidaspis and Pseudaulacaspis genera had 1 species, accounting for 25,0% of the total fauna.
The Effect Of The Trichoderma Fungus On The Fertility Of Plants
Authors:   Lecturer, Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan, Ganijonovich Mamadiyev Khusanboy
Published: May 2021

Trichoderma, a soil fungus, is widespread in nature and is noted as a microbiological object that is easily separated, has a very rapid biomass formation and has a high level of biological activity against phytopathogenic fungi without harming the plant. Therefore, it is recommended to widely use the results of modern studies of metabolites of the producer Trichoderma Pers.: Fr, which exhibits several fungicidal actions, especially in the process of hyperparasitism in agriculture.
The Critical Analysis Of Grammar Activities In Books By Betty S. Azar And Its Importance
Authors:   Teacher, Department Of “Practical Sciences”, Faculty Of “English Philology”, Uzbek State University Of World Languages, Uzbekistan, Davletnazarova Laylo Baxtiyarovna
Published: May 2021

Designing a helpful textbook requires much time and a lot of knowledge from the author. This article gives the results of critical analysis of several grammar activities in the book “Understanding and Using English Grammar” written by Betty S. Azar and, at the same time, its importance in teaching English.
N-tert-Butanesulfinyl imines in the asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Authors: Mendes Joseane A , Costa Paulo R R , Yus Miguel , Foubelo Francisco , Buarque Camilla D
Published: May 2021

The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including natural alkaloids and other compounds presenting different types of biological activities have proved to be successful employing chiral sulfinyl imines derived from tert-butanesulfinamide. These imines are versatile chiral auxiliaries and have been extensively used as eletrophiles in a wide range of reactions. The electron-withdrawing sulfinyl group facilitates the nucleophilic addition of organometallic compounds to the iminic carbon with high diastereoisomeric excess and the free amines obtained after an easy removal of the tert-butanesulfinyl group can be transformed into enantioenriched nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The goal of this review is to the highlight enantioselective syntheses of heterocycles involving the use of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines as reaction intermediates, including the synthesis of several natural products. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in which the nitrogen atom is not provided by the chiral imine will not be considered in this review. The sections are organized according to the size of the heterocycles. The present work will comprehensively cover the most pertinent contributions to this research area from 2012 to 2020. We regret in advance that some contributions are excluded in order to maintain a concise format.
Innovation in Russian Education in the 1920s–1930s: Regional Aspects
Authors: Щетинина Н.П.
Published: May 2021

Актуальность проблемы исследования состоит в анализе новых подходов к обучению в отечественном образовании в указанный период.
Цель статьи — с помощью теоретических методов анализа, сравнения, обобщения, систематизации материала педагогических источников, архивных документов изучить особенности применения инноваций в образовании на региональном уровне, отношение учительства к инновациям, развитие новых форм внеклассной работы в региональной системе образования.
В статье обобщен архивный материал и некоторые новые историко-педагогические сведения, касающиеся инноваций (на примере региона), которые дополняют имеющиеся
в историко-педагогической науке данные, что свидетельствует о теоретической значимости
и элементах научной новизны проведенного исследования.
Сделаны выводы о том, что педагогический персонал был не подготовлен к использованию образовательных нововведений, однако они были ориентированы на ребенка, развитие его мышления, самостоятельности, трудовых навыков, активности.
Результаты исследования могут быть использованы научными работниками, преподавателями, студентами при изучении истории педагогики и образования.

The relevance of the issue investigated in the present article consists in the analysis of novel approaches to education in Russia in the 1920s-1930s.
The aim of the article is to theoretically analyze, compare, generalize and systematize pedagogical data and archival materials to explore innovations in education at a regional level, to investigate teachers’ perception of innovations, to trace the evolution of extracurricular activities in provincial educational institutions.
The article analyzes and generalizes archival data and some newly acquired historical and pedagogical materials associated with regional innovations which complement already existing historical and pedagogical data and, therefore, have theoretical significance and scientific novelty.
The article maintains that during the aforementioned period, teaching staff were not ready to fully use educational innovations which, nevertheless were child-centered and were aimed at developing children’s thinking, independence, working skills and vigor.
The results of the research can be used by scholars, teachers and students who wish to explore history of pedagogy and education.
The Immortal Regiment March on Instagram as a Means of Civic and Patriotic Education of Young People
Authors: Ушанова И.А. , Шустров А.С.
Published: May 2021

В статье исследуется роль социальных сетей, в частности Instagram,
в развитии гражданской и цифровой активности молодежи.
В условиях пандемии коронавируса вовлеченность молодежи в гражданские онлайн-мероприятия приобретает особое значение. Instagram не предоставляет данных
о возрасте пользователей, однако, ориентируясь на среднестатистического пользователя, можно рассматривать эту сеть как важный информационный ресурс для молодежи. Вовлечение в гражданские акции происходит в Instagram как через популярные сообщества, так и посредством воздействия постов влиятельных медиаперсон.
Основной целью исследования является выявление авторитетных информационных источников и медиаперсон в сети Instagram, влияющих на социальную активность молодежи в гражданском обществе.
Эмпирическим материалом исследования являются сообщества, хештеги и тексты постов в Instagram, отражающие установки россиян в отношении ежегодной гражданской акции «Бессмертный полк».
Анализ цифровых следов в Instagram на примере потока «Бессмертный полк» позволяет выявить, каким образом пользователи воспринимают данную гражданскую инициативу, кто из блогеров является лидером общественного мнения в данном тематическом кластере.
Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки концептуальных основ гражданского образования студентов и школьников в условиях информационного многообразия.

The article investigates the role of social networks, Instagram in particular, on the development of young people’s civic engagement in the digital age. The coronavirus pandemic has increased young peoples civic engagement in an online environment. Instagram doesn’t provide insight into its users’ ages, but average Instagram users are young people, therefore the social media is an important information resource for young people. Young people are engaged in virtual events via popular communities and via posts published by prominent media people.
The goal of the research is to investigate authoritative information resources and media people in Instagram that can influence young people’s social activities in civil society. The research investigates Instagram communities, hashtags and texts posted on Instagram and reflecting Russian people’s attitudes to the annual Immortal Regiment March.
The analysis of digital footprint left by the Immortal Regiment discussions enables the authors of the article to investigate young people’s perception of this civic event and to find out which bloggers are considered authoritative.
The results of the research can be used to develop the conceptual framework for students’ and school children’s civic education in the conditions of information diversity.
«LINGUISTIC AND AESTHETIC SIGN WORD IN UKRAINIAN POETRY OF THE XIX – XX CENTURIES»
Authors: YERMOLENKO Svitlana
Published: May 2021

The ambiguity of the token word is evidenced by the explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, as well as the linguistic and artistic discourse of the XIX – XXI centuries. In the explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language there is an unmotivated separation of lexical and semantic variants, which are actually shades of one of the meanings of the word. Instead, the dictionary does not capture the lexical-semantic variant “instrument of linguistic creativity” actualized in artistic discourse.
Compared with the dictionary interpretation, poetic language more widely represents lexical and semantic variants of the studied token: as units of language structure (definition of a linguistic term), the main means of national identity, manifestation of the spiritual life of the nation, instrument of language creativity. The main attention is focused on the functioning of the word in the lexical and associative relations of the word, on its symbolization and the function of linguistic and aesthetic signs of Ukrainian culture. Such signs are recorded in the works of T. Shevchenko, P. Kulish, Lesya Ukrainka, Oleksandr Oles, M. Rylskyi, Lina Kostenko, M. Vinhranovskyi.
The semantic-associative connections of the word token in texts of different times reveal the specifics of civic and lyrical motives of the author’s linguistic thinking. Poets turn to the word, talk to it, convey in different modal assessments and their own emotional state, and symbolic semantics of the token word aestheticized by the accumulated experience of mankind. On the example of poetic texts of the XIX – XXI centuries. the increase of semantics of anthropocentrism in signs of a polysemous token word is traced.
The echo of generations is revealed on verbalized and preverbal structures of the lexical-semantic variant “word as a tool of creativity”.
VOCABULARY NEOLOGIZATION DURING A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF INTERNET PERIODICALS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS)
Authors: KRASAVINA Valentyna
Published: May 2021

Having spread around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of neologisms both in Ukrainian and in other languages. In the first place, it happened due to extralinguistic factors – specific features of the infectious disease itself as well as the unprecedented social practices which have become a new method of adaptation to the present day circumstances. Language has promptly reacted to large-scale changes in the world and the society: new words and word combinations denoting the phenomena, objects and notions unknown before have appeared; the modification of the semantics of certain common words has taken place; the sphere of usage of some specialized terms has broadened. Globalization processes and a tendency towards language unification have facilitated the spread of terms of international use, neolexemes, neomorphemes, which is indicative of the emergence of the common international vocabulary. English borrowings have been actively adopted due to the language practice of mass media (in particular, the electronic ones), which are dynamic and open to innovation, and, as is the case with social networks, enable the communication of a great number of people of various nationalities, ages and social status.
Thus, neologisms are social markers of transformations, typical of the society in a globalized world. Renovation of the vocabulary is happening by means of adoption of foreignisms, predominantly of the English origin, international terms, which are replenishing terminology subsystems, in particular the ones of healthcare and administration, etc.; by means of word-formation using borrowed derivation tools; due to the activation of the processes of extending the semantics of already familiar words. A considerable amount of new words will not enter the general vocabulary as upon the conclusion of the Covid-19 pandemic they will be excluded from the active use and transferred to the corpus of historical words of the epoch which will become the evidence of the period of the quarantine measures and self-isolation of the citizens, and some words will be returned to a specialized sphere of use.
O Impacto das exportações na produção e demanda por mão de obra no Brasil : uma análise a partir de um modelo multissetorial
Authors: Bourscheidt Eduardo Santos , Silva Carlos Eduardo Lobo e
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho analisa os efeitos das exportações brasileiras sobre: i) a produção setorial e regional; e ii) a demanda por mão de obra. A análise dos efeitos das exportações considera os principais destinos dos produtos brasileiros, a partir de modelo multissetorial e da compatibilização e integração a esse modelo dos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Rais), do Ministério da Economia (ME), e do sistema de base de dados AliceWeb, do Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços (MDIC). Os resultados mostram diferenças importantes no que concerne aos efeitos advindos da exportação para diferentes destinos. A comparação entre Estados Unidos e China é exemplar e contraria o esperado pela teoria Heckscher-Ohlin: enquanto a exportação para os Estados Unidos favorece especialmente o Sudeste e diversos setores de diferentes complexidades, exportações para a China favorecem o Centro-Oeste, em setores baseados em mão de obra não qualificada. Outra conclusão interessante está na dicotomia Estados Unidos-Argentina versus China-União Europeia (UE). À medida que os efeitos das exportações para a Argentina se assemelham com os efeitos americanos, as exportações para a UE apresentam semelhança com os efeitos chineses.
Temporal edge effects structure the assemblages of Drosophilidae (Diptera) in a Restinga forest fragment in Southern Brazil
Authors: Mendes Mayara Ferreira , Blauth Monica Laner , Santos Luana Amaral Dos , Gaiesky Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente , Gottschalk Marco Silva
Published: May 2021

Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation directly affects ecological processes, leading to negative biodiversity impacts for insects and other biota. Increased edge effects are one consequence of fragmentation, and may alter the composition or abundance of species in the remaining habitat fragments. Understanding the ways in which edge effects impact upon the biota is essential for conservation decision-making in fragmented landscapes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the seasonal patterns of abundance, richness, and composition of Drosophilidae in a Restinga forest fragment in the extreme south of Brazil, as a function of the distance from the edge to the interior of the fragment. The data were analyzed using SIMPER analyses, which showed that the edge and the forest interior were most dissimilar during winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer. An NMDS and the SIMPER analyses showed that the lower dissimilarity between the edge and interior in spring, autumn and summer, compared to winter, is driven by immigration of individuals from outside of the forest fragment. Furthermore, some species were asymmetrically distributed in the fragment, with some species restricted to the edge of the fragment and others to the interior. This information aids in the understanding of the functioning and dynamics of fragmentation, which is fundamental for the maintenance and integrity of environments and their fauna.
Évolution des trajectoires professionnelles des directeurs financiers au regard du processus de financiarisation des organisations
Authors: Redon Marie
Published: May 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à l’évolution des profils des directeurs financiers dans le but de mieux comprendre les relations entre ces acteurs et le processus de financiarisation. Au moyen d’une analyse comparative des formations et des carrières de deux générations de directeurs financiers et d’entretiens consubstantiels auprès de cette population, nous montrons que l’évolution des profils des directeurs financiers est concomitante au processus de financiarisation. Nous contribuons à la littérature sur la financiarisation en mettant en lumière l’émergence d’un nouveau profil de directeur financier spécialiste de la finance de « haut de bilan », et la substitution progressive des auditeurs externes aux contrôleurs de gestion et aux comptables au poste de directeur financier de « bas de bilan ».
La Jérusalem d’en bas. Lectures franciscaines de la Cité de Dieu
Authors: Solignac Laure
Published: May 2021

Contre toute attente, si l’on adopte la perspective d’un « augustinisme politique », les concepts de « cité céleste » et de « cité terrestre » ne font justement l’objet d’aucune interprétation politique dans les milieux intellectuels franciscains du xiii e siècle. Jérusalem et Babylone représentent d’abord des manières d’être et de vivre ensemble, et font donc l’objet d’une lecture spirituelle. Les frères mineurs n’en ont pas moins essayé d’esquisser, à l’écart des deux cités mystiques, un espace intermédiaire, cité des hommes, qui pouvait prendre la forme d’une république chrétienne universelle (Roger Bacon), d’une théocratie juridique dont le pape est le sommet terrestre (Bonaventure), ou plus radicalement d’une anticipation de la Jérusalem céleste. Cette dernière voie est celle du joachimisme, dont Bonaventure a tenté de présenter une version orthodoxe à travers l’image de la Jérusalem d’en bas.
Loger pour coloniser ? Politiques de l’habitat dans l’Algérie des années 1920 à l’indépendance
Authors: Guillopé Thierry
Published: May 2021

L’auteur se concentre tout à la fois sur l’élaboration des politiques publiques, les rythmes et modalités du changement urbain ainsi que sur les bouleversements sociaux et intimes qu’occasionne l’obtention d’un nouveau logement. Une attention toute particulière est portée à la présentation problématisée de constructions hors d’Alger – qui a concentré jusqu’à présent l’essentiel des réflexions – aussi bien qu’à la reprise, à nouveaux frais, de l’examen de constructions déjà bien documentées, comme les cités algéroises de Fernand Pouillon. Penser le logement est, en somme, une façon adéquate de saisir les dynamiques sociales, urbaines et politiques de la domination coloniale dans le temps long. Des archives jusqu’alors inédites, en Algérie et en France, permettent d’alimenter cet ensemble de réflexions.
Des projets d’habitants à une politique d’habitat. Action publique et co-création urbaine pour le traitement des quartiers informels à Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Clerc Valérie
Published: May 2021

Après 60 ans de dictature militaire, le gouvernement civil élu au Myanmar en 2015 a opéré en quelques années une transformation radicale de la politique de relocalisation des quartiers informels à Yangon. Leurs habitants, considérés comme squatters ( Kyuu Kyaw ), étaient historiquement déplacés en lointaine banlieue sur des terrains nus qui leur étaient cédés dans des « villes nouvelles » créées à cet effet. En 2019, le gouvernement régional a confié la mise en place d’un programme de relogement des habitants des quartiers informels de Yangon à l’ONG birmane Women for the World, qui organisait jusque-là les habitants pour la construction de petits projets d’habitat collectif dans l’informel. Fondé sur un travail de terrain réalisé entre 2015 et 2019, ce papier analyse la mise en place et les logiques à l’œuvre de cette initiative d’action publique de co-création urbaine. Dans une perspective historique, il situe l’expérience au sein des politiques de logement et d’urbanisme des gouvernements locaux, régional et national, qui se poursuivent en parallèle. Il met en lumière la façon dont le programme intègre et articule avec celles des autorités les expériences et savoir-faire des habitants, des ONG et des réseaux régionaux qui les accompagnent. Il s’interroge enfin sur les possibilités et contraintes ouvertes par l’expérience comme l’insertion urbaine des projets ou leur mise en œuvre à l’échelle de la ville.
À l’ombre des planteurs de tours. Les immeubles d’habitat « abordable » dans les périphéries des villes indiennes
Authors: de Bercegol Rémi , Bon Bérénice , Lévy Karen
Published: May 2021

En Inde, plus de 377 millions d’habitants habitent désormais en ville. Malgré un déficit de logements et la permanence de taudis, les transformations de l’habitat dans les agglomérations indiennes restent extrêmement dynamiques, interdépendantes des transformations sociétales qui traversent le pays. Cet article s’intéresse au développement d’une offre de logement dit “abordable” qui se matérialise par la construction de tours de logements dans les périphéries des grandes villes du sous-continent. A partir d’observations empiriques menées sur d’anciennes terres agricoles de la ville de Faridabad, au Sud de Delhi, l’étude décrypte le rôle majeur des acteurs privés locaux dans la production d’ensembles résidentiels d’entrée de gamme, soutenus en particulier par des politiques publiques qui délèguent ainsi la création de logements dits « sociaux ». L’analyse souligne les défis de gestion et de durabilité que posent l’étalement urbain sans précédent qui en résulte.
Le relogement des habitants de la Casbah d’Alger. Politique réfléchie ou erreur de casting ?
Authors: Sidi Boumedine Rachid
Published: May 2021

Bien que célébrée pour son site, son urbanisme ou son architecture, et pour ses hautes valeurs symboliques de résistance à la colonisation, le centre historique d’Alger, la Casbah pour les Algérois, n’en finit pas de se dégrader. Les premières grandes mesures annoncées en 1972 par le Comedor en vue de sa réhabilitation en tant que patrimoine, offrant à ses habitants un relogement – en partie sur place – dans des conditions décentes, ont vite laissé place à deux modes principaux d’intervention : classer les monuments et le site, d’une part, et reloger les habitants menacés par les effondrements de leurs habitations, de l’autre. Par la portée mesurée de leurs actions de protection juridique sans mise en valeur effective, et en raison de leur méconnaissance de leur propre société, les autorités sont allées, par leur choix systémique de reloger les « sinistrés », à la rencontre de mécanismes sociaux préexistants, enracinés, par lesquels une grande partie des habitants assure sa survie et sa reproduction familiale et sociale. Elles ont ainsi favorisé l’activité des réseaux spécialisés dans l’exploitation de ce gisement de rente, alimentant et accélérant de ce fait le processus auto-alimenté de dégradation.
L’Allemagne et sa politique économique extérieure (1981-1994). Marché unique, GATT et multilatéralisme
Authors: Schirmann Sylvain
Published: May 2021

Puissance commerciale majeure de l’espace européen, l’Allemagne entend profiter au lendemain du second choc pétrolier de la mondialisation économique, réponse aux dérèglements économiques des années 1970. L’ouverture des frontières économiques est d’une nécessité vitale pour la RFA. Bonn cherche à l’obtenir en amenant les partenaires européens à un projet de marché unique européen. Mais celui-ci n’est pas une fin en soi, tant il s’inscrit pour les dirigeants allemands dans un schéma global de libéralisation des échanges qu’il faut obtenir à travers l’Uruguay Round. La réunification ne remet pas en question cette perspective. Bien au contraire, au début des années 1990, une stratégie pour l’Asie souligne que la RFA ne limite pas son champ d’action à l’Europe, mais entend être présente dans les zones émergentes de l’économie-monde.
La France, la RFA et la marche vers l’union économique et monétaire, 1984-1989
Authors: Bozo Frédéric
Published: May 2021

Cet article étudie comment et pourquoi, pendant la deuxième moitié des années 1980, la France de François Mitterrand en est venue à faire de l’avancée de l’Europe monétaire une priorité absolue du projet européen. Il retrace le cheminement qui a permis aux dirigeants français d’obtenir qu’une RFA à l’origine réticente à cette perspective consente à cet objectif au Conseil européen de Strasbourg en décembre 1989, lors duquel Helmut Kohl donna son accord définitif. Trois moments sont discernables dans ce qui fut, avant tout, une dynamique franco-allemande : le temps de la relance européenne (1984-1986), occasion de remettre la dimension monétaire à l’agenda ; celui de l’accélération du dossier sur fond d’une nouvelle dynamique franco-allemande (1986-1988) ; celui enfin de son aboutissement, du Conseil européen de Hanovre à celui de Strasbourg (1988-1989).
La bibliothèque inquiète : représentation des bibliothèques chez W.G. Sebald et Pierre Michon
Authors: Toubert Victor
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose de revenir sur la notion de « fantastique de bibliothèque » avancée par Michel Foucault pour étudier les rapports entre savoirs et littérature. Les représentations des bibliothèques chez W.G. Sebald et Pierre Michon semblent en effet ne pas pleinement correspondre au rapport fantastique avec le savoir dont Flaubert était, pour Foucault, le principal représentant. L’étude de ces représentations permet alors de comprendre certaines évolutions des rapports entre les écrivains et les savoirs : construits sur des usages originaux de l’intertextualité, ces représentations comportent une charge ironique et critique, et illustrent un rapport inquiet au savoir.
La trame biblique et le tissu du monde
Authors: Roesner Martina
Published: May 2021

Cet article examine le rôle que joue l’approche philosophique de Maître Eckhart dans son exégèse biblique. À travers une analyse de sa théologie trinitaire, de sa théologie de la création, de sa théorie de l’intellect et de sa philosophie du langage, nous montrons qu’Eckhart interprète la Bible à partir de la « grammaire profonde » qui sous-tend la réalité dans son ensemble. Tout en insistant sur l’importance du « livre des créatures », Eckhart souligne néanmoins que le texte biblique reste indispensable pour la théologie dans la mesure où il parle de l’immanence permanente de toutes choses en Dieu, nonobstant leur efflux sous forme de création. En fin de compte, tous les livres dont parle Eckhart – la Trinité, le monde créé et les Écritures – doivent être laissés en arrière pour céder la place au silence, qui seul nous donne accès à l’unité absolue de l’origine.
Quadratic response and speed of convergence of invariant measures in the zero-noise limit
Authors: Galatolo Stefano , Marsan Hugo
Published: May 2021

We study the stochastic stability in the zero-noise limit from a quantitative point of view.

We consider smooth expanding maps of the circle perturbed by additive noise. We show that in this case the zero-noise limit has a quadratic speed of convergence, as suggested by numerical experiments and heuristics published by Lin, in 2005 (see [25]). This is obtained by providing an explicit formula for the first and second term in the Taylor's expansion of the response of the stationary measure to the small noise perturbation. These terms depend on important features of the dynamics and of the noise which is perturbing it, as its average and variance.

We also consider the zero-noise limit from a quantitative point of view for piecewise expanding maps showing estimates for the speed of convergence in this case.
A class of prescribed shifted Gauss curvature equations for horo-convex hypersurfaces in $ \mathbb{H}^{n+1} $
Authors: Tu Qiang
Published: May 2021

Inspired by the generalized Christoffel problem, we consider a class of prescribed shifted Gauss curvature equations for horo-convex hypersurfaces in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{H}^{n+1} $\end{document}. Under some sufficient conditions, we prove the a priori estimates for solutions to the Monge-Ampère type equation \begin{document}$ \det(\kappa-\mathbf{1}) = f(X, \nu(X)) $\end{document}. Moreover, we obtain an existence result for the compact horo-convex hypersurface \begin{document}$ M $\end{document} satisfying the above equation with various assumptions.
Fractional perimeters on the sphere
Authors: Kreuml Andreas , Mordhorst Olaf
Published: May 2021

This note treats several problems for the fractional perimeter or \begin{document}$ s $\end{document}-perimeter on the sphere. The spherical fractional isoperimetric inequality is established. It turns out that the equality cases are exactly the spherical caps. Furthermore, the convergence of fractional perimeters to the surface area as \begin{document}$ s \nearrow 1 $\end{document} is proven. It is shown that their limit as \begin{document}$ s \searrow -\infty $\end{document} can be expressed in terms of the volume.
Quia non ascendit suma: la riqueza del clero de la ciudad de Zaragoza durante la Baja Edad Media (1272-1456)
Authors: Tello Hernández Esther
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la riqueza y la desigualdad socioeconómica del clero zaragozano a través de las fuentes fiscales durante la Baja Edad Media. Mediante el análisis de los libros de décimas pontificias conservados en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón y en el Archivo Apostólico Vaticano es posible documentar la tasa contributiva de los clérigos aragoneses, en general, y de los zaragozanos, en particular. En concreto, a través de un estudio cronológico amplio, se puede definir la estructura y la jerarquía de la Iglesia zaragozana, comprobar cómo evolucionó la riqueza de los eclesiásticos y cómo afectaron a este grupo heterogéneo las diferentes coyunturas económicas que se produjeron en la Corona de Aragón a finales de la época medieval.
Comerciando con esclavos africanos desde Barcelona: Jaime Tintó Miralles (1770-1839)
Authors: Rodrigo y Alharilla Martín
Published: May 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo la descripción y el análisis de la trayectoria vital del comerciante Jaime Tintó Miralles (1770-1839), un rico hombre de negocios, nacido y fallecido en Barcelona, aunque enriquecido en tierras americanas (en Mérida de Yucatán, primero, y en La Habana, después). Tras su segundo y definitivo regreso a Barcelona, en 1823, Tintó se convirtió en uno de los principales empresarios dedicados al comercio transatlántico de africanos esclavizados en dicha ciudad. Compaginó, además, su notable labor empresarial con una no menos notable actividad pública, ejerciendo como regidor del ayuntamiento de la capital catalana. El estudio de su trayectoria permitirá conocer y documentar mejor la vinculación de Barcelona con el comercio de esclavos hacia Cuba, así como ofrecer nuevas pistas que ilustran cómo la dedicación a una actividad ilegal, la trata africana, permitió el enriquecimiento y el ascenso social de algunos individuos y de sus descendientes.
Cinq types d’étudiants adultes quant à leur rapport à l’environnement - L'approche wébérienne de l'idéal-type
Authors: Laberge Yves
Published: May 2021

Notre but est de montrer en quoi l’école et l’université devraient constituer un lieu de socialisation, d’intégration, de réflexion mais également de prise de conscience face à nos manières de nous informer et de concevoir les questions environnementales. Les étudiants adultes constituent une catégorie à part, difficile à cerner, parce qu’il est impossible de les considérer comme formant un bloc uniformisé ; au contraire, ces étudiants au cheminement particulier ont en commun d’avoir emprunté des routes différentes et d’avoir terminé (ou dans certains cas abandonné) leurs études depuis un nombre très variable d’années. Tracer leur profil nous renseignerait sur des aspects comme le lieu et l’époque de leur formation initiale, leur champ de spécialisation, leur parcours professionnel, leurs habitudes culturelles, leurs horizons de référence : ce à quoi ils croient et ce à quoi ils adhèrent. Cette dimension devient déterminante dans plusieurs domaines d’études car la formation reçue à l’école et ailleurs détermine non seulement des champs de compétence, mais aussi un ensemble de valeurs acquises, une vision du monde et surtout des conduites individuelles qui en découlent. En outre, s’attarder aux fréquentations culturelles et/ou médiatiques d’une personne peut fournir beaucoup d’indications sur sa conception du monde et sa manière de diagnostiquer les enjeux de notre temps. Sur le plan disciplinaire, le double exemple des études environnementales et de l’éducation à l’environnement illustrerait éloquemment cette préoccupation car il existe différentes manières de concevoir les enjeux liés à l’environnement : leurs causes, les mécanismes à l’œuvre, les principaux acteurs, les solutions possibles.
High-Level Languages for Geospatial Analysis of Big Data
Authors: Monsia Symphorien , Faiz Sami
Published: May 2021

In recent years, big data has become a major concern for many organizations. An essential component of big data is the spatio-temporal data dimension known as geospatial big data, which designates the application of big data issues to geographic data. One of the major aspects of the (geospatial) big data systems is the data query language (i.e., high-level language) that allows non-technical users to easily interact with these systems. In this chapter, the researchers explore high-level languages focusing in particular on the spatial extensions of Hadoop for geospatial big data queries. Their main objective is to examine three open source and popular implementations of SQL on Hadoop intended for the interrogation of geospatial big data: (1) Pigeon of SpatialHadoop, (2) QLSP of Hadoop-GIS, and (3) ESRI Hive of GIS Tools for Hadoop. Along the same line, the authors present their current research work toward the analysis of geospatial big data.
Identification of T Cell Epitopes in the Spike Glycoprotein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Li Yuzhong , Xiao Hongjian , Bi Yanwei , Gong Yue , Hu Zhengrong , Zeng Yaxin , Sun Ming , He Zhanlong , Lu Shan , Li Qihan , Cun Wei
Published: May 2021

The T cell response is an important detection index in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine development. The present study was undertaken to determine the T cell epitopes in the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 that dominate the T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2–infected patients. PBMCs from rhesus macaques vaccinated with a DNA vaccine encoding the full-length S protein were isolated, and an ELISPOT assay was used to identify the recognized T cell epitopes among a total of 158 18-mer and 10-aa-overlapping peptides spanning the full-length S protein. Six multipeptide-based epitopes located in the S1 region, with four of the six located in the receptor-binding domain, were defined as the most frequently recognized epitopes in macaques. The conservation of the epitopes across species was also verified, and peptide mixtures for T cell response detection were established. Six newly defined T cell epitopes were found in the current study, which may provide a novel potential target for T cell response detection and the diagnosis and vaccine design of SARS-CoV-2 based on multipeptide subunit-based epitopes.
Cockroach exposure and its allergy sensitization in asthma patients
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Raj , Spalgais Sonam , Mavi Anil Kumar , Singh Kamal
Published: May 2021

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with distinct phenotypes. Serum tIgE, SSIgE and SPT are the methods of evaluating allergen sensitization. The present study evaluates the exposure and sensitization to cockroach (Periplaneta americana) antigens in asthma patients in a metropolitan city of India. The study enrolled 200 consecutive bronchial asthma patients, diagnosed as per GINA guidelines. As per history of exposure to cockroaches, the patients are divided in two groups as exposed and non-exposed asthmatic. All the enrolled subjects underwent SPT against common aeroallergens including cockroach, spirometry and estimation of tIgE level and SSIgE against cockroach. Out of 200 asthma patients, a total of 114 (57%) asthmatic were found SPT positive against one of the common aeroallergens, of which 68 (34%) showed SPT sensitivity against cockroach. A total of 103 (51.5%) patients were found exposed to cockroaches. In the cockroach exposed group, the mean serum tIgE was found significantly higher than the non-exposed group (569.31±224.64 vs 479.29±237 IU/ml; p=0.007). The mean SSIgE against cockroach in exposed groups was found not significant than non-expose group (4.87±11.19 vs 4.11±8.39 KUA/L; p=0.589). The mean tIgE was also not significant in atopic compared to non-atopic asthmatic (553.25±218.12 IU/ml vs 489.1±251.16 IU/ml; p=0.056). The mean SSIgE against cockroach was 5.66±10.45 KUA/L for atopic and 2.96±8.98 KUA/L for non-atopic (p=0.054). The airway obstruction was almost the same in both groups.  Asthmatic patients who were exposed to cockroach and atopic had high tIgE, SSIgE levels and SPT positivity against cockroach antigen compared to non-exposed patients.
Immunopathogenesis of Dermatophytoses and Factors Leading to Recalcitrant Infections
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Gupta Aastha , Mathachan Sinu Rose
Published: May 2021

The pathogenesis of dermatophytic infections involves the interplay of three major factors: the dermatophyte, the inherent host defense, and the adaptive host immune response. The fungal virulence factors determine the adhesion and invasion of the skin while the immune response depends on an interaction of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the host, which lead to a differential Th (T helper) 1, Th2, Th17, and Treg response. While anthropophilic dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and now increasingly by T. interdigitale subvert the immune response via mannans, zoophilic species are eliminated due to a brisk immune response. Notably, delayed-type hypersensitivity (Th1) response of T lymphocytes causes the elimination of fungal infection, while chronic disease caused by anthropophilic species corresponds to toll-like receptor 2 mediated IL (interleukin)-10 release and generation of T-regulatory cells with immunosuppressive potential. Major steps that determine the ultimate clinical course and chronicity include genetic susceptibility factors, impaired epidermal and immunological barriers, variations in the composition of sebum and sweat, carbon dioxide tension, skin pH, and topical steroid abuse. It is important to understand these multifarious aspects to surmount the problem of recalcitrant dermatophytosis when the disorder fails conventional therapeutic agents.
A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Impact of In-Patient Dermatological Consultations on Diagnostic Accuracy in a Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Thakur Vishal , Choudhary Rajat , Dev Anubha , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Handa Sanjeev
Published: May 2021

Background:

Dermatology is primarily an outpatient specialty. However, dermatology consultations play an important role in care of inpatients. Data on inpatient dermatological consultations in tertiary care settings is limited.

Objectives:

To evaluate clinical characteristics of inpatient dermatological consultations and effect on clinical outcomes in a tertiary care setting.

Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective study where the records of all dermatological consultations for patients admitted under various specialties, emergency services, and intensive care units (ICU) at our tertiary care institute over 2 years period were reviewed. The details of patients, primary care unit, dermatological complaints, diagnosis, investigations performed, treatment given, and follow-up were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Total of 1717 dermatologic consultations (1000 males) were recorded, with mean age of study population being 33.6 ± 21.6 years (median - 32 years). Out of total 1717 patients, 136 (7.9%), 321 (18.7%), 1135 (66.1%), and 125 (7.3%) patients were infants, children, adolescents, adults, and elderly, respectively. The most frequent diagnostic group was infective diseases (586; 34.1%) followed by inflammatory diseases (442; 25.7%), mucocutaneous adverse drug reactions (160; 9.3%), and autoimmune diseases (65; 3.8%). Primary team's diagnosis was concordant with the dermatology consultation in 1112 (64.8%) patients and discordant observations were recorded in 605 patients (35.2%). Most discordant dermatological diagnoses included inflammatory disorders such as lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid; mechanical disorders; nutritional deficiency disorders, and benign neoplasms.

Conclusion:

Common skin conditions account for a large majority of dermatologic consultations in a hospital setting. Inpatient dermatology consultations improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Latent Tuberculosis in Psoriasis Patients Planned for Systemic Therapy – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Neema Shekhar , Radhakrishnan S. , Dabbas Disha , Vasudevan Biju
Published: May 2021

Background:

India has a high prevalence of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is common in the general population. LTBI can progress to active tuberculosis in almost 10% patients and the risk increases with immunosuppression. This predisposes patients of psoriasis on systemic therapy for the development of active tuberculosis.

Aims:

To find the prevalence of LTBI in patients with psoriasis planned for systemic therapy.

Methodology:

It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care center during period Jan-Dec 2019. Patients older than 18 years with chronic plaque psoriasis planned for systemic therapy and willing to be part of the study were included. Baseline clinical data were collected. Radiograph of chest and tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed in all patients. Detailed evaluation including sputum examination and computed tomography of the chest and abdomen were performed in patients with TST >10 mm.

Results:

A total of 105 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study, with the mean age of patients being 29.5 ± 2.12 years. Out of these patients, 58 were males and 47 females. The mean duration of psoriasis was 2.95 ± 1.3 years. The mean PASI score was 16.71 ± 4.384. Mantoux was positive (>10 mm) in 33 (31.42%) patients. Two patients were found to have features of active tuberculosis based on imaging and microbiological investigations. Totally, 31 (29.5%) patients had LTBI and were treated with isoniazid and rifampicin for three months while 2 (1.9%) patients were treated with four drugs antitubercular regimen.

Limitations:

Small sample size, convenience method of sampling and study population limited to those visiting medical college hospital are its major limitations.

Conclusion:

LTBI is common in study population and screening for LTBI should be performed in all patients of psoriasis planned for systemic therapy. A thorough search for active tuberculosis should be performed. Timely detection of LTBI helps in the prevention of development of active tuberculosis in the patients on immunosuppressive treatment.
Low-cost flow photoreactor for degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye by UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: a performance comparison
Authors: Silva Andrea Maria da , Santos Tainá Natália dos , Santos Raiane dos , Pessoa Thiago Sabino , Anjos Luiz Carlos Araújo dos , Sobrinho Nelson Alves da Silva , Sales Paula Barone da Paz
Published: May 2021

In this work, a flow photoreactor was designed and set up using low-cost and recyclable parts to develop chemical treatments based on advanced oxidation processes (AOP) of highly colored textile wastewater. To evaluate this sustainable system´s efficiency, we investigated and compared the performance of three types of destructive methods (UV/H2O2, Fenton, and photo-Fenton) on the decolorization of aqueous solutions of Reactive Black 5 dye (RB5). We also analyzed the effect of the oxidant and dye concentrations on the rate of color removal in each one of the three methods. The results showed that, regardless of the initial operating conditions, the photo-Fenton process achieved the highest degradation rates, particularly when the highest ratio between the oxidant and dye concentrations was used ([H2O2]: [RB5] = 24.5 mg L-1: 25 mg L-1), leading to complete color removal within only 10 minutes of reaction. With the same initial condition, the Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes were also capable of removing the color entirely, even though they demanded more extended runs of 25 min. and 45 min., respectively. The effect of pH on the decolorization by the photo-Fenton process was also investigated, showing the same high performance at pHs 3 and 4. The degradation profile achieved by the photo-Fenton treatment was appropriately fitted by a pseudo-first-order kinetic. The non-expensive photoreactor proved to be quite useful for the degradation of the RB5, mainly when this azo dye underwent the photo-Fenton process.
A combined case of amelia and phocomelia in a neonate, at JFK Maternity Center, Liberia
Authors: O. Odunvbun Williams , C. Johnson Billy , W. Kofa Daniel , B. Duyenko Forkape , E, Odunvbun Magdalene , P. Gharoro Etedafe
Published: May 2021

We report a case of spontaneous rare birth deformity. A case of Amelia and Phocomelia in a neonate. Amelia is a rare congenital disorder, even more so, is the combined amelia and phocomelia in a neonate. True Phocomelia was defined as the total absence of the intermediate segments of the limb. With the hand or foot (normal, almost normal, or malformed), directly attached to the trunk. The common aetiological association with phocomelia is from the use of thalidomide and genetic inheritance, as an autosomal recessive trait, involving chromosome 8. Isolated amelia is not generally considered to be of genetic origin. We present a neonate delivered by a 28-years multipara in Liberia, in West Africa Sub-Region, with amelia involving the two upper limbs, right lower limb and a Phocomelia involving the left lower limb (absence of tibia and fibula and feet with three toes). Africa is the only continent not included in the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. It is hoped that case reports of congenital limb deformities from Africa, will contribute to the formation of a database for birth defects shortly.