bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Invasion on the Growth of Indigenous Flora in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Bello Bello Musawa , Tukur Khalid , Sani Mustapha Muhammad , Abubakar Isyaku , Lawal Mukhtar Abubakar
Published: December 2023

Invasive or alien species are increasing in number, extent, and influence worldwide.  They are both passengers and drivers of change, and they interact synergistically with many other facets of global change.  The Neem trees have been grown successfully in all parts of Nigeria.  Neem has become an invasive and naturalized species in various parts of Nigeria in quite diverse ecological and climatic conditions.  The tree is adaptable to a wide range of climatic and topographic conditions.  The objective of the study is to determine the effect of neem invasion on the growth of indigenous flora in Katsina state.  The information on farmers' perception about Neem tree was obtained using semi semi-structured questionnaire.  About 200 informants were interviewed.  Direct counting of trees was conducted to determine the effect of Neem invasion on the indigenous flora.  A total of 58 species of trees belonging to 47 genera within 15 families, of which family Fabaceae has the highest number of tree species, 44 affected by neem invasion in the study area.  The result showed the effects of having neem in the farms. Some of the respondents believed that Neem spread easily and nothing grew near it.  Others believed that it's difficult to kill and grow back easily.  The result indicated a number of tree species found in farms compared to the number of farmers needed for that tree. A lot of farmers preferred indigenous trees then Neem in their farms.  In conclusion, in Katsina and from casual observations in the study areas, we have found that Neem is spreading in a way characteristic of an invasive species.  They are spread by birds and other animals, becoming numerous under native trees.  The trees themselves may become 'weeds.  Since farmers in Katsina do not like Neem in their fields, it can be considered a weed, and because it can reproduce in large quantities at a considerable distance from the parent plant, it is, by definition, an invasive plant.
Checklist, Diversity and Abundance of the Flora in some Selected Local Government of Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Isyaku , Bello Bello Musawa , Tukur Khalid , Maiakwai Nura Salah , Sani Mustapha Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Check list of the flora in some selected Local Governments of Zamfara State, North Western Nigeria, was studied. The objective of the study was to provide a comprehensive checklist document and evaluate the diversity and abundance of floral species in the study area. A field inventory of floral species was adopted for data collection. The result showed a total of 306 species belonging to 229 genera within 58 families represented in the study area. The result showed that twenty-six families consist of only 1 species each, eight families have 2 species each and five families have 3 species each, two families have 4 species each while the other families consist of 5 species, 6 species 7 species, 9 species, 14 species 24 species and 86 species respectively. Of these, the family Fabaceae has the highest number of species, 86 occurring in all the study areas, followed by Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae with 24 each. This result reveals a high rate of degradation of the remnant flora species as a result of human activities, habitat conversion into residential areas (urbanization), and expansion of Farmland. It's recommended that State Government management and the entire communities pay attention to conservation planning and management activities that will take ecological implications into consideration. More research should be conducted on the identified species in order to ascertain their morphological, anatomical, ethnobotanical and economic importance.
The Type I Half Logistics-Topp-Leone-G Distribution Family: Model, its Properties and Applications
Authors: Adepoju Akeem Ajibola , Abdulkadir Sauta S. , Jibasen Danjuma
Published: December 2023

A number of new, upgraded, generalized, and extended distribution families have recently been developed to improve the distribution's applicability in a wider domain.  The Type I Half Logistics-Topp Leone G family of distribution, otherwise known as (the TIHLTL-G) distribution family, was developed as a new generalized distribution family.  Explicit expression, moment generating function, moments, probability weighted moment, hazard function, survival function, quantile function, and order statistics were also derived for the novel family.  The exponential distribution was employed as a sub-model, and the novel distribution family provided great flexibility towards some sets of data.  The methods of parameter estimation adopted are maximum likelihood (MLE) and maximum products of spacing (MPS) methods. Two data sets were examined, and simulation studies were conducted to exemplify the potential application and adaptability of the novel model compared with some of its existing counterparts.  The MPS tends to perform better than the MLE in estimating the model parameters when the sample size is very small, but both did perform excellently when the sample sizes are moderate and large, as obtained in the simulation study.  However, both methods of estimation of parameters support the novel model (TIHLTL-G) family of distribution through Akaike information and Bayesian information criterion as the best model.
Determination of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Soil and Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicom) from Ajiwa Fadama farms, Katsina State.
Authors: Sanusi L , Sanusi Junaidu , Ibrahim S , Nawaf A
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to determine heavy metals Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb concentration from soil and tomato plants (root stem and fruits) produced from Ajiwa Fadama farm.  Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable cultivated in Ajiwa fadama sites and is also commonly consumed in Katsina and Nigeria at large.  Heavy metal concentrations from soil and tomato plants were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  The results of heavy metal revealed that lead (Pb) has the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Cu and Ni as the lowest in both soil and plant parts.  However, the concentration of all examined heavy metals in the soils and tomato plants was lower than the permissible values approved by FAO/WHO except for lead (Pb), which has a higher concentration above the permissible limits of 0.3 ppm.  The findings of this study indicate possible exposure to lead by the consumers in the sampling area.  Further studies are recommended to analyze the heavy metals of irrigation water and organic and inorganic fertilizers used
Exploring the Dynamics of Employee Performance: A Study on Creativity, Leadership, and Stressors in Karachi's Textile Industry
Authors: Jawad Syed Muhammad , Khan M Javed , Siddiqui Muhammad Ali Noman , Saleem Areeba , Baseeruddin Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the factors affecting employee performance in textile mills across Karachi, Pakistan. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional approach, the study used convenience sampling to collect data from employees across various textile mills. Data collection was facilitated using published scales from different researchers and conducted via Google Forms. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. The study identified that creativity, challenge stressors, hindrance stressors, transformational leadership, organizational innovation, and career development significantly influence employee performance. Creativity and career development emerged as the most influential factors, significantly enhancing employee performance, followed by organizational innovation, challenge stressors, and transformational leadership. Hindrance stressors, while negatively impacting performance, showed a less significant effect than expected. These findings provide valuable insights for managers in the textile industry and other sectors. By fostering creativity, promoting career development, and implementing transformational leadership and organizational innovation, managers can enhance employee and organizational performance. Additionally, recognizing and mitigating the impact of hindrance stressors is crucial for maintaining a productive work environment. This study contributes unique insights into the dynamics of employee performance within the context of Karachi's textile industry, a sector that has not been extensively explored in existing literature. It offers a comprehensive understanding of various factors that influence employee performance in this specific industrial setting, adding valuable knowledge to the field of organizational behavior and management. If employees of an organization perform well, the organization performs well. If the organization of a country performs well, the country performs well.
PENDAMPINGAN PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI SMART FISH FARM BUDIDAYA IKAN KOI PADA DINATA KOI FARM BADUNG
Authors: Karsana I Wayan Widi , Kurniawijaya Putu Andhika
Published: December 2023

Dinata Koi Farm is a Koi fish cultivation business that has been started since 2018. The Koi fish cultivation business is carried out starting from breeding, sorting, growing and marketing Koi fish. The demand for Koi fish orders by customers is not proportional to the amount of production produced. The problem is that many fish die due to poor water quality, thereby reducing the number of Koi fish produced for market. Koi fish are very sensitive to increases in temperature and pH levels of pond water. Dinata Koi Farm has a problem, namely that it cannot continuously monitor the temperature and pH levels of the water, so sometimes handling the pond water quality becomes slow and the Koi fish die. Based on the problems faced by partners, the service team helped develop smart fish farming technology that can monitor Koi pond water quality in real time and automatically handle it if there is an increase in the temperature and pH levels of the pond water. . The approach methods that will be used in this activity include individual approaches and training. The components evaluated in this activity are the application of smart fish farm technology and increasing partners' knowledge in the use of information technology, especially smart fish farms.
Literature Review Article : Sabun Muka Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum) Sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Auliya Zulfa Amanda , Yuniarsih Nia , Faomasi Gulo Anasthasya , Fathurrohmah Annis , Amirulloh Nurhadi , Salma Dhaniaty Siti
Published: December 2023

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mengandung lemak, rendah kalori, serta merupakan Sumber serat dan protein yang baik. Selain itu, buah tomat kaya akan vitamin A, C, dan E, beta-karoten, kalium serta likopen yang mempunyai aktivitas dalam meredam radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah ekstrak dari buah tomat dapat diformulasikan sebagai bahan baku sabun mandi padat dan mengetahui apakah formula sediaan sabun mandi padat dari ekstrak buah tomat memenuhi standar SNI 06-3532.1994. Formulasi ekstrak buah tomat dalam sediaan sabun mandi padat dengan konsentrasi minyak kelapa yang berbeda, F? tanpa minyak kelapa, F1 20% ,F2 25%, dan F3 30%. Dilakukan pengujian organoleptik, pH, kadar air, tinggi dan stabilitas busa , pengujian dilakukan pada hari ke-1, hari ke-7, dan hari ke-14, hasil uji organoleptik dilihat dalam bentuk,warna , dan bau. Selama proses penyimpanan hanya F0 yang mengalami perubahan bentuk, warna, dan bau. Hasil uji ppH sabun yang stabil dalam proses penyimpanan yaitu pada formula F1 dan F2 tetap stabil dengan pH 10. Hasil uji kadar air semua formula tidak memenuhi SNI 06-3532.1994. Hasil tinggi dan stabilitas busa yang paling stabil selama proses penyimpanan yaitu formula F2.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKAD PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Maya Sandrina , Marlia Meli , Zaleha Siti
Published: December 2023

Asumsi yang beredar di masyarakat mengenai bank syariah yang menjadi magnet untuk menarik antusias masyarakat muslim di bidang perbankan, dan salah satu produknya yaitu Murabahah yang di perkirakan menjadi salah satu produk yang mendominasi di bandingkan produk lainnya, sehingga analisis pembiayaan murabahah ini menjadi menarik untuk di bahas, yang dimana Murabahah itu sendiri merupakan transaksi jual beli yang dimana seorang nasabah mendatangi pihak bank untuk membelikan sesuatu atau barang dengan ketentuan kriteria yang di inginkan oleh nasabah, yang kemudian akan ada perjanjian antara nasabah dan pihak bank, dimana pihak bank berjanji akan membelikan sesuatu yang di inginkan nasabah. Kemudian pihak bank dan nasabah akan melakukan akad murabahah yaitu pihak bank akan membelikan sesuatu yang sesuai dengan harga pokok dengan tingkat keuntungan yang disepakati dua belah pihak, dan nasabah akan melakukan pembayaran secara cicilan berkala sesuai dengan kemampuan finansial yang dimiliki.
Семантико-синтаксичний потенціал синкретичних підрядно-сурядних сполучників
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnytsky Cherkasy National University, Maslyuk Nataliya
Published: December 2023

Semantic and syntactic potential of syncretic subjunctive-sequential conjunctions (on the material of V. Shevchuk’s novels) The article is devoted to the analysis of the semantic and syntactic potential of syncretic conjunctions of subordinate-coordinate in the idiostyle of Valery Shevchuk. The specifics of the syncretism of connecting means were studied on the material of the novels «House on the Mountain», «On the Humble Field», «Eye of the Abyss», «The Beginning of Horror», «The Ghost of the Dead House», «Three Leaves Outside the Window». L. V. Shytyk’s classification of syncretic connectives, developed on the basis of K. G. Horodenska’s typology of conоjuctions, became important for our research. The functional potential of highlighted conjunctions of subordination-sequential as markers of semantic-syntactic relations in syncretic complex sentences was investigated. Are characterized the salient features of such semantic categories of the analyzed conjunctions as: explanatory-distinctive, accented-distinctive, explanatory-exploratory, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative, permissive-opposite. Types of conjunctions are correlated with two types of syncretic complex sentences: subordinate in form and coordinate in meaning (explanatory and comparative subtypes) and subordinate-sequential in form and meaning (permissive-opposite subtype). Analogous semantic-syntactic relations for parceled constructions have been clarified. In the syntactic version of a simple complex sentence, the analyzed conjunctions are interpreted as markers of the separation of the secondary sentence elements and the homogeneity of the connection between the elements of the sentence. Grammatical and semantic-syntactic features of the author’s style within the boundaries of the researched topic are determined. Examples from the writer’s works confirmed the active functioning of each of the subgroups of subordination-sequential conjunctions and the peculiarities of their semantic and syntactic manifestation. Among the explanatory-distinctive conjunctions, the most actively used is – зокрема, among the accented-distinctive ones – особливо, within the explanatory-finding ones – а саме, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative – тоді як, коли …то, permissive-opposite – хай …але, хоч …але. Quantitative indicators of the frequency of use of each сonnective mean were determined. The subgroup of accented-distinctive conjunctions is the least represented in the novels of V. Shevchuk, the group of permissive-opposite ones is the most numerous. Keywords: subordinate-coordinate conjunctions, explanatory-distinctive, accented-distinctive, explanatory-exploratory, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative, permissive-opposite, novels of Valery Shevchuk.
Az Alföld poétája Kárpátalján
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Gál Adél
Published: December 2023

The poet of the Lowland in Transcarpathia: Thoughts regarding the Petőfi’ commemorative year The Hungarian government has declared 2022 and 2023 to be Petőfi commemorative years. The 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth offers an opportunity for 20th-century men to reconsider, interpret, and evaluate the events of the poet's era. Exhibitions, competitions, performances, artistic contests, etc. announced on the occasion of the jubilee, create a good opportunity for the poet's spirituality to come into the consciousness of the communities in a modern guise. Sándor Petőfi appears on many platforms. Primarily, the 2023 issues of literary magazines tried to present the widest possible picture of Petőfi to the reader. The published writings, articles, studies, revolve around the poet's oeuvre, providing analysis attempts in different light. Sándor Petőfi is always at the center of Hungarian literature. Writers and literary historians touch upon his oeuvre again and again and reinterpret Petőfi’s work and life. The great poet of the Hungarian nation can also be linked to Transcarpathia. In 1847, he traveled to Erdőd to visit his bride, and in the meantime, he also visited our region. During the trip, he took every opportunity to indulge in his love of nature. He also visited four Transcarpathian settlements. We can read about his journeys, including the settlements in our region, in Szabolcs Osztovits' book. He visited Ungvár, Munkács, Beregszász and Badalo. He documented what he saw and experienced. Posterity can obtain information about these roads mainly from his letters and travel maps. Based on his travel notes, we examine and present the poet's journey in our region. Sándor Petőfi plays a significant role not only in literature but also in the heart of the community. His place in literature is to be among the best of all. For posterity, he is remembered as a young and revolutionary poet. It is important to mention that his name is known not only by Hungarian communities. The outstanding figure of our literature can also be found in Ruthenian and Ukrainian literature. With this work, we do not aim to present and summarize the new scientific results to the Reader in its entirety. It would be an impossible undertaking. With this study, I would like to commemorate our poet in connection with the Petőfi jubilee, emphasizing his connection to our region. Keywords: Petőfi, literature, reception, poetry, road note
Szociolingvisztika a világ körül
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Tóth-Orosz Enikő ,   Antal Hodinka Linguistic Research Centre
Published: December 2023

Martin J. Ball, Rajend Mesthrie, Chiara Meluzzi (eds.): The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World. Routledge, 2023. 708 p.
Нові видання антології української художньої літератури в перекладі угорською
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Pevse Andreya , Libak Natalka
Published: December 2023

Нові видання антології української художньої літератури в перекладі угорською Bárány Erzsébet – Bárány Béla – Gazdag Vilmos: Ukrán Irodalmi Antológia 1. A kezdetektől a XIX. század közepéig. Beregszász, Ukrajna: II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola, 2023, 188 o. Bárány Erzsébet – Bárány Béla – Gazdag Vilmos: Ukrán Irodalmi Antológia 2. A XIX. század közepétől a XX. század elejéig. Beregszász, Ukrajna: II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola 2023, 224 o. Bárány Erzsébet – Bárány Béla – Gazdag Vilmos: Ukrán Irodalmi Antológia 3. A XX. század. Beregszász, Ukrajna: II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola, 2023, 122. o.
A kárpátaljai felsőoktatási intézmények hallgatóinak nyelvhasználati sajátosságai és nyelvi attitűdjei két felmérés részeredményei alapján
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Dudics Lakatos Katalin
Published: December 2023

The characteristics of language usage and attitudes of students of higher education institutions in Transcarpathia based on the partial results of two surveys A positive attitude towards the mother tongue and the language variety is essential for confident language use. The way we perceive the language of the community where we live, or of other communities, is largely influenced by our knowledge and experience of the language, by the opinions of others, and of course by stereotypes. Education can do the most to overcome these, to develop an objective, confident linguistic awareness and self-awareness, by conveying a scientifically based approach at all levels. In our study, we analyse the partial results of two empirical researches conducted among the students of the Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College in recent years, which investigate the state language effect in the register of Transcarpathian Hungarian higher education, the interchange of words related to the topic of education and their relationship to the local language variety. The results of our research have shown that, despite the dominance of Hungarian, the language use of students in Transcarpathian Hungarian higher education is characterised by the presence of Ukrainian and Russian language influences, and that most of these are consciously present in their language use. The Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College considers it important to develop this positive attitude not only in its Hungarian studies, but also in all its training programmes. The presented results show that the group under study has a balancing-functional-segregating attitude towards different languages and language varieties: they are not closed to this variety, they are aware of its functions and importance. They are not excluded from the lower-prestige variety because of previous unpleasant experiences: they express a scientifically well-founded opinion in the survey. Although emotional attachment is also strongly expressed. But we also know that in minority contexts this can play a significant language-preserving role. Keywords: Transcarpathia, college students, loanwords, state language effect, language attitude
Államnyelvi hatások vizsgálata az ukrán osztályban tanuló magyar anyanyelvű diákok nyelvhasználatában
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Petruska Angéla
Published: December 2023

Investigating the influence of the state language on the language usage of pupils whose native language is Hungarian in the classrooms with the Ukrainian language of instruction The Hungarians living in Transcarpathia are a minority community, so it becomes important for those who live in this community to be able to use their mother tongue, and thus strengthen their national identity. Children who use both languages simultaneously in their communication are more likely to use loanwords, code-switching, and code-mixing. Pupils who do not study in their mother tongue are more likely to use a non-standard version of Hungarian than those who have obtained their school-leaving certificate in the secondary schools with the Hungarian language of instruction. The aim of the research is to investigate the characteristics of pupils’ language usage resulting from the influence of the official language in the classrooms with the Ukrainian language of instruction. Furthermore, the extent to which the usage of Ukrainian and Russian languages influences the students’ language usage, and the frequency of Slavisms and code-switching in their language. The survey showed that a higher proportion of schoolchildren use Slavic loanwords, than those who study in their mother tongue. Keywords: effect of bilingualism, second language’ loanwords, code-switching habits, learning in the language of the majority, pupils whose mother tongue is Hungarian, questionnaire survey.
A nyelvtudás változása a Kárpát-medencei magyar fiatalok körében az ezredfordulótól napjainkig
Authors:   Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Ferenc Viktória ,   Research Institute for National Policy
Published: December 2023

Changes in the language knowledge of the Hungarian youth in the Carpathian Basin from the turn of the millennium to the present The study analyzes three large-sample youth survey databases on the language skills of young Hungarians (aged 15–29) in the Carpathian Basin, and especially on their changes. Based on the answers of about 28 000 respondents, I am looking for answers to three main research questions: what is the proportion of Hungarian young people who speak only their mother tongue, what is their level of proficiency in the official language of the country in which they live, and at what level, which foreign languages have they acquired? In terms of the results, one in five young people in Hungary will still not speak a language other than their mother tongue in 2020, while in Transcarpathia the proportion is 12% and in the other regions of the former Yugoslavia it is below 5%. Over the years, there has been a significant positive change in favor of multilingualism. It has also been found that the majority of young people from abroad speak the national language of the country where they live better than the basic level. Transylvania and Slovakia are the countries where they speak the language the best, followed by Vojvodina, and then Transcarpathia. The majority of young people in Hungary know one or two foreign languages, while among young people from abroad, knowledge of three foreign languages is average, but knowledge of four or more is not uncommon. Most young people speak English, a language that has seen an expansion in the past twenty years. Keywords: Hungarian youth, youth research, zero language knowledge, multilingualism, foreign language knowledge, state language knowledge
On the Use of Articles in English and in Hungarian
Authors:   Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Kovács Éva
Published: December 2023

On the use of articles in English and in Hungarian The English article system presents many problems for non-native speakers of English, thus to Hungarian learners of English as well, and due to the influence of the mother tongue they commit many errors in using them. While the definite article is the most basic indicator of definiteness, the indefinite article is the most basic indicator of indefiniteness for singular count nouns. However, there is a third type of article, the zero article, which indicates that the noun phrase is used in a generic sense in English whereas in Hungarian the definite article is used here. (e.g., Milk is good for you. Cigarettes are bad for your health. Do you like folk music? vs. A tej jó neked. A cigaretta káros az egészségedre. Szereted a népzenét). Although there are many similarities in the use of articles in English and Hungarian, there are also many crucial differences in this respect between the two languages as illustrated by the examples above. The main aim of this paper is to investigate these similarities and differences by primarily relying on descriptive grammar books commonly used by students during their studies at universities. Special focus will be placed on the use of articles for generalisation (e.g., The bull terrier makes an excellent watchdog./A bull terrier makes an excellent watchdog./Bullterriers make excellent watchdogs. vs. A bullterrier kitűnő házőrző.) and with proper nouns (e.g., Westminster Abbey vs. A Westminster- apátság or Lake Balaton vs. A Balaton, Mont Blanc vs. A Mont Blanc), as these are the most troublesome areas students face when studying the article system of English. I hope to be able to improve students’ understanding of this difficult area and guide them to a more accurate usage of the English article system. Keywords: the definite article, the indefinite article, the zero article, common nouns, proper nouns, countability, generalisation
A szlovákiai magyar nyelvváltozat mint identitásképző tényező
Authors:   Constantine the Philosopher University of Nitra, Vančo Ildikó , Közmács István ,   Constantine the Philosopher University of Nitra
Published: December 2023

The Hungarian language variety in Slovakia as a factor of identity The aim of our research was to examine the elements of Hungarian identity in Slovakia, including its relationship to the Hungarian language variety in Slovakia. Negative perceptions of language varieties (as reflected in school textbooks, among other things), the minimal theoretical knowledge of language varieties, the expectation of using the Hungarian standard, can alienate language users from their own vernacular. On the contrary, the acceptance of a language variety can contribute to the survival and survival of the national/linguistic minority. The research data suggest that the group of Hungarian language users in Slovakia have a strong sense of Hungarian identity, and that there is no significant difference between the identities of students who study in Hungarian, Hungarian and Slovak or only Slovak and those of mixed age and education. The use of this language variety does not separate Hungarians living beyond the border from Hungarians; on the contrary, the regional language variety can contribute to the development of the Hungarian identity and uniqueness of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia, as well as a certain degree of unity. Keywords: language variety, standard, Hungarian minority in Slovakia
The conservation of Didymodon glaucus Ryan in Britain
Authors: Ron D.P.
Published: December 2023

Didymodon glaucus is listed as Critically Endangered in Britain and it is fully protected under domestic legislation. It is known from a single site in England, discovered in 1961, growing on weathered and shaded chalk in a disused chalk pit which is protected within a Site of Special Scientific Interest. However, neglect of the chalk pit lead to successional changes and the apparent loss of D. glaucus. A recovery programme was initiated involving removal of talus and debris from the chalk pit using a mechanical digger. Within one year D. glaucus was observed on the freshly exposed chalk face, probably originating from persistent moniliform gemmae. A second excavation in 2003 also resulted in similar success. Conservation management for this moss therefore involves regular disturbance and exposure of fresh chalk, exploiting the moss’s ability to produce persistent asexual propagules.
Ex situconservation of bryophytes: progress and potential of a pilot project
Authors: Jennifer K.R. , Margaret M.R.
Published: December 2023

A pilot project was set up to investigate the potential use of ex situ techniques for the conservation of bryophytes by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the U.K. statutory conservation agencies (English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and Countryside Council for Wales) in August 2000. Successful protocols have been established for the initiation of plants collected from their natural habitats into axenic culture from sporophytes, gemmae and leafy gametophores. Methods have also been established for the long-term storage of explants in liquid nitrogen (cryopreservation). The existing collection incorporates a number of British Red List species, and includes some European Red List taxa. Current work focuses on expanding the number of species in the collection, both in culture and in cryo-storage. Protocols for the weaning and introduction of bryophytes into their natural habitats after cryopreservation are under development and a priority of the project.
Comparative study of the bryophyte epiphytic vegetation in Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus robur woodlands from Northern Portugal
Authors: Helena H. , Cristiana V. , Ana S. , Joana M.
Published: December 2023

In the last few decades the remaining woodlands in the northern region of the Portuguese territory have been replaced by large extensions of artificial plantations. Never-theless, some of these woodlands are still represented and included in the Natura 2000 Net-work Sites. Epiphytic bryophytes were studied on six sites selected according to its climacic vegetation: pure woodlands of Quercus robur, pure woodlands of Q. pyrenaica and mixed woodlands of Q. robur and Q. pyrenaica. Each trunk was divided into a basal, a middle and a top zone. Comparison of species composition for the three major biotypes is based on the use of the Index of Ecological Significance (Lara & Mazimpaka, 1998). Twenty-nine bryo-phytes (22 mosses and 7 liverworts) were registered but very few species show host speci-ficity. Results helped to clarify some differences between the floristic composition of epi-phytic communities in Portuguese temperate and mediterranean woodlands.
Threatened bryophytes occurrence in Portuguese stream habitat
Authors: Cristiana V. , Cecília S. , Ana S.
Published: December 2023

Bryophyte species are often conspicuous elements of the macrophyte vegetation in mountain streams. Their community structure, habitat tolerances and niche relationships are extremely specialized and correlated with structural and physiological adaptations. The destruc¬tion of naturally vegetated mountain environments and flow regulation has caused the disappearance or modification of aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats in many Portuguese streams. This work presents new data concerning threatened bryophyte species distribution and ecology in the mountain streams of the North-West of Portugal, contributing to improve the knowledge of the occurrence of taxa evaluated in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe Red Lists of bryophytes.
Diversity and composition of dead wood inhabiting bryophyte communities in European beech forests
Authors: Péter Ó. , Klaas v.D. , Erik A. , Jacob H. , Morten C.
Published: December 2023

Species composition and diversity of bryophyte communities occurring on dead beech trees were analyzed in five European countries (Slovenia, Hungary, The Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark). Altogether 1.009 trees were inventoried in 19 beech dominated forest reserves. The differences in the composition of bryophyte communities were high among countries and it overwhelms the effect of decay stages, which affect the species com-position at local scale. Well decayed trees were dominated by epixylic species in Slovenia, while in other countries the proportion of opportunistic bryophytes was much higher and in Atlantic countries uproot species are also common. In Slovenia hepatics, in Hungary and Denmark pleurocarps, and in The Netherlands and Belgium acrocarps were the most fre-quent. Diversity of communities differed considerably among regions. Slovenian sites were the hotspot of bryophyte diversity characterized by high species richness (both tree and country level) and a high fraction of rare and threatened species. This richness is most likely caused by the combination of high air humidity combined with a very high degree of natu-ralness of the Slovenian sites. The diversity of Hungarian stands was intermediate reflecting the relatively high naturalness of the study sites, as well as a rather continental climate sub-optimal for epixylic liverworts. Atlantic forests have deteriorated bryophyte communities on dead trees, dominated by a few opportunistic species. This is partly a result of habitat frag-mentation and past and recent management of forest. Most of the stands the amount and quality of dead wood is not suitable for species rich epixylic bryophyte communities.
Methodological overview and a case study of the Hungarian Bryophyte Monitoring Program
Authors: Beáta P. , Péter Ó. , Erzsébet S.
Published: December 2023

Long term investigation of the local population sizes of selected, threatened bryophyte species and long term surveys on the composition and diversity of bryophyte vegetation of different plant communities rich in bryophytes (wetlands, dry grasslands, saline-alkali areas and forests) are going on in the framework of the Hungarian National Biodiversity Monitoring System. In the present paper the methodology of species and community monitoring of bryophytes is described in detail, and with the aim of demonstrating the possibilities of the long term community monitoring on the basis of a case study focusing on the observation of the dynamics of an alkaline grassland stand for three years.
New data on bryophyte distribution in the Peneda-Gerês National Park (NW Portugal): the use of GIS for conservation remarks
Authors: Hespanhol Helena , Vieira Cristiana , Lomba Ângela , Séneca Ana
Published: December 2023

Peneda-Gerês National Park is a nature reserve in North-western Portugal. This is an important protected area due to the diversity of habitats, within which the bryophyte flora is particularly rich. Recent field work provided an updated distribution of bryophytes, including those with conservation status, and added new species to this area. Additionally, we provide potential areas of occurrence for threatened/rare bryo¬phyte species using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and present the possible relationships between environmental variables and bryophyte distribution data.
Peran Teacher Librarian dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa di YP Raudhatul Faizin Desa Tanjung Rejo
Authors: Siagian Asyah , Siregar Yusra Dewi
Published: December 2023

This study aims to find out how the role of the teacher librariansnncreasing students’nteresetn YP Raudhatul Faizin village Tanjung Rejo and factors and constraintsn the role of teacher librariansnncreasing thentereset of students at YP Raudhatul Faizin Village Tanjung Rejo. The type of research useds a qualitative approach. The techniques used for data collection are observation,nterviews and documentation. While the data analysis technique useds data reduction, presentation of data and conclusiion drawings. The results showed that the role carried out by the teachernncreasing thenterest of students was to dominate to the role ofnformation providers, motivators, facilitators, showtles and supervisors. Librarians have carried out their roles wellnncreasing thenterest of reading students by becoming an educator, manager and administrator. Factor and obstacles the role of the teacher librariannncreasing thenterest of students at YP Raudhatul Faizin Village Tanjung Rejos a lack of funds and facilitiesnadequate to manage and add library facilities such as bookshelves, tablles, chairs and so on.
Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Sealing Quality and Bond Strength of Different MTA Apical Plugs
Authors: Tokgöz Kaplan Taibe , Botsalı Murat Selim
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compared the effects of different placement techniques to the sealing quality of mineral triokside aggregate (MTA) apical plugs at apexification technique by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and compared the bond strength to root dentin of an injectable MTA (BIOfactor MTA), MTA Angelus and AH Plus.
Methods: Sixty dentinal root slices were obtained from 20 maxillary centrals.A canal-like hole was drilled into each slices canal space.The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=20).All materials were delivered into the holes. Push-out tests were performed and fracture types were analysed with a strereomicroscope. In the second part of the study,72 maxillary central teeth with standardised artificial divergent open apex were divided into 4 groups; MTA Angelus and BIOfactor MTA were mixed mechanically, and introduced to form 4 mm thick apical plugs by hand condensation or indirect-ultrasonic activation for 10 seconds. Incidence of external voids between dentin walls and MTA apical plugs and porosity inside MTA were determined by volumetric analysis with micro-CT.
Results: No significantly difference was found between the bond strength values of the materials (p:0.370; p>0.05).The external voids and porous voids are similar in both MTA (p: 0.685; p>0.05).When indirect-ultrasonic activation was applied,there was significantly less porosity statistically than hand condensation (p:0.00; p<0.05).
Conclusion: MTA Angelus and BIOfactor MTA materials showed similar results in terms of bond strength to root dentin, fracture types, adaptation to dentin walls and structural porosity rate. Both MTA materials showed less structural porosity when placed by indirect ultrasonic activation technique compared to manual condensation.
The Accuracy of Different Apex Locator Systems in Detecting Root Perforations in the Presence of Different Irrigation Solutions
Authors: Çetinkaya Oğuz Burhan , Çulha Emre , Aydın Uğur
Published: December 2023

Objective: One of the most studied topics in electronic apex locators (EALs) is the effect of root canal condition on the accuracy of EALs. In this study, the accuracy of Root ZX Mini, Raypex 6, and Apex ID in detecting root perforation was evaluated in a dry environment and in the presence of saline, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions.
Methods: The mesiobuccal roots of 64 human maxillary first molars were selected for the study. These root canals were perforated from buccal root surface using a #1 Freze Beutherlock Peeso to form a 0.4 mm cavity. After perforation, the area where #40 K type file appeared was recorded as the actual length (AL) and the length measured by EAL devices both in dry canals and in the presence of solutions was recorded as the electronic measurement (EL). All electronic measurements were statistically compared with the actual length.
Results: All EALs achieved AL-consistent results on EL measures. Consistency was determined using Root ZX Mini measurements in dry canals and canals irrigated with saline. The consistency of EL and AL conducted with Raypex 6 and Apex ID in canals irrigated with NaOCl, saline, and EDTA was found. There was a statistically significant difference in ELs with irrigation solutions among all EALs (p<0.05). In the dry environment, there was no statistically significant difference between the EALs (p>0.05). A consistency was discovered between ELs generated with the Root ZX Mini and ALs in both dry and saline-irrigated canals. Consistency was observed between ELs measured with Raypex 6 and Apex ID and ALs in canals irrigated with NaOCl, saline, and EDTA.
Conclusion: The accuracy rates of the EALs used in this research were 97%–100% in the 1 mm range and 83%–92% in the 0.5 mm range. Despite the fact that ALs and ELs differed statistically significantly at the 0.05 level, these variations weren't thought to be clinically relevant. In the presence of conditions with different electro conductors, EALs from different generations may be used safely, and in a range of canal situations, these devices can yield measurements that are most similar to the AL.
Fostering Students' Social Tolerance in Sociology Learning in High School Harapan Mandiri
Authors: Syahmahita Damanik Fritz Hotman
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the fostering of students' social tolerance in sociology learning at SMA Harapan Mandiri. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at SMA Harapan Mandiri. Data analysis uses reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that a holistic approach through an inclusive curriculum, tolerance case studies, guided discussions, use of diverse learning resources, collaborative activities, empathy skills training, tolerant behavior models, and personal guidance significantly contributed to the formation of students' social tolerance attitudes at SMA Harapan Mandiri
Curative Potential of Abutilon indicum Extract against Heat Stress-induced Kidney Damage in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Mshary Ghasaq Sami , Abd MunaTawfeeq , Jassim Bassim Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The pharmacological activity of Abutilon indicum plant has been studied in various animal groups and clinical trials. This study aimed to investigate the protective role and mechanism of Abutilon indicum on adult male rats with heat stress-induced acute kidney injury.
Materials and methods: Abutilon indicum was obtained from the Botany Department of Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. The seeds, roots, and leaves of Abutilon indicium were prepared as an aqueous extract. In this experiment, 30 male albino rats, aged eight weeks, with an average weight of 200 ± 20 g. were recruited. After acclimation for a week, the rats were divided randomly into three groups, 10 male rats in each group.
The GI group (negative control) received daily oral treatment with saline via gavage for 28 days. In contrast, the GII group (positive control) was subjected to heat exposure and moisture stress. The GIII group was exposed to heat stress, involving a temperature increase of 40°C for 5 hours each day using electric heaters and humidity levels ranging from 75% to 85% for 5 hours daily (from 12:00 pm to 03:00 pm) over a four-week period. Additionally, the GIII group received oral treatment with fresh Abutilon Indicum extract at a dosage of 400 mg/kg of body weight for the first 12 hours of each day for 28 days.
Results: The results of this study revealed a significant decrease in biochemical parameters (blood urea and serum creatinine) in the GIII group, compared to GII group. Additionally, the histological analysis identified glomerulolysis and degeneration with dilation of the capsule zone in the GII group, while the GIII showed a decrease in capillary congestion with the severity of pathological damage reduced.
Conclusion: Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that Abutilon Indicum extract has a significant positive effect on the biochemical parameters of the rats’ kidney damage induced by heat stress.
Cryptocurrency Exchange Selection Decision Support System Using Preference Selection Index
Authors: Prasetyo Dwi , Ariati Nining , Lubis Harmoko , Akbar Aswin
Published: December 2023

Cryptocurrency trading is a very popular business of buying and selling digital money today. Many investors trade cryptocurrency assets through cryptocurrency exchange platforms in the hope of getting a large profit difference. However, the cryptocurrency trading business is not always favourable for investors as choosing the wrong cryptocurrency exchange can result in huge losses from the trades made. Based on these problems, it is necessary to have a decision support system for selecting the most relevant cryptocurrency exchange to be used as a cryptocurrency trading platform that can increase the chances of investors making profits. The decision support system method used in this research is Preference Selection Index (PSI). The results of the selection of cryptocurrency exchanges using the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method in this study recommend Indodax as the most relevant cryptocurrency exchange used by investors to gain profits in running a cryptocurrency trading business because it gets the highest value (0.893662729) compared to 4 other alternatives.
Non-Fungible Tokens: A Literature Review
Authors: Hokianto Hugo Fostin
Published: December 2023

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) was a popular crypto asset in the year 2021-2022, where viral news involving a NFT with huge price being sold causes a big interest to NFTs and OpenSea, one of the biggest NFT market place, and creating supply and demand for buying and selling NFTs, especially people who are only aware of cryptocurrency becoming the one who buys cryptocurrency and crypto assets. Although NFTs has since lost its initial exposure, the literatures of NFTs remains scarce, and the research involving NFTs has since been lower. This research is aimed to reviews literatures involving NFTs, using literature review method with „NFTs“ or „Non-Fungible Tokens“ as keywords to search for relevant literatures and research articles. The result of the research gave a definitive definition of NFTs compiled from many authors, the method people use to create NFTs and ways to invest NFTs safely, opportunities and risks in investing NFTs and the technological aspect, and what the future has for NFTs, investing and technological wise.