bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virus detection in critically ill children with acute respiratory disease: a new profile in view of new technology
Authors: Kawaguchi Atsushi , Bates Angela , Lee Bonita E. , Drews Steven , Garros Daniel
Published: November 2017

Aim

To describe the epidemiology of critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute respiratory disease. The association with intubation was analysed for the three most prevalent viruses and in those with and without viral co‐infection.

Methods

Patients admitted to the PICU (2004–2014) with acute respiratory disease were included. Analyses were performed utilising each respiratory viral infection or multiple viral infections as an exposure.

Results

There were 1766 admissions with acute respiratory disease of which 1372 had respiratory virus testing and 748 had one or more viruses detected. The risk of intubation before or during the PICU stay was higher if parainfluenza virus was detected compared to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06–4.56). Sixty‐three admissions had two or more viruses detected, and the combination of RSV and Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common. No significant difference was observed in the risk of intubation between patients with multiple and single viral infections.

Conclusion

Higher risk of intubation was found in patients with parainfluenza as compared to RSV. The risk of intubation comparing parainfluenza virus to other viruses and for patients with multiple versus single virus needs to be further studied.
Partition number, rate priors and unreliable divergence times in Bayesian phylogenetic dating
Authors: Jin Yuanting , Brown Richard P.
Published: November 2017

More loci/partitions should improve Bayesian estimation of divergence times on phylogenies but it has recently been shown that this can lead to surprisingly poor estimation due to the way it affects the prior on mean substitution rate. Here we consider the likely impact of partition number on divergence time analyses carried out using the program BEAST. Mitochondrial genome data from toad‐headed lizards (genus Phrynocephalus) from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were used to examine this effect. Under increased partitioning of the sequences, BEAST posterior divergence times became unreasonably narrow and downwardly biased due to misspecification of the mean substitution rate prior. This effect was detectable when relatively few partitions were used (i.e. between four and eight), but became very acute for 27–86 partitions. Fortunately, a correction that adjusts the standard deviation of the mean of locus rates led to results that were equivalent to those obtained using the latest version of the program MCMCtree, which implements a new gamma‐Dirichlet prior to overcome this problem. A review of the literature shows that a substantial number of BEAST dating studies are likely to have been affected by this misspecification of the rate prior.
miR‐193b availability is antagonized by LncRNA‐SNHG7 for FAIM2‐induced tumour progression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: She Kelin , Yan Hui , Huang Jun , Zhou Huaping , He Jianxing
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Long non‐coding RNAs have identified to involve into the tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. We previously found that up‐regulated LncRNA‐SNHG7 (SNHG7) positively correlated to the Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) in lung cancer cells with unclear mechanism.

Methods

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and relative normal tissues (n = 25) were collected. The SNHG7 expression and function in NSCLC was determined. The SNHG7‐miR 193b‐FAIM2 network was analysed in vitro and vivo.

Results

We reported that oncogene SNHG7 predicted a poor clinical outcome and functioned as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) antagonized microRNA‐193b (miR‐193b) to up‐regulate the FAIM2 level in NSCLC. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that SNHG7 harboured miR‐193b‐binding sites, and we found decreased miR‐193b levels in NSCLC tissues when compared to relative normal tissues. Luciferase assays indicated that overexpression of miR‐193b inhibited the Ruc expression of plasmid with miR‐193b‐binding sites of SNHG7 in a dose‐dependent manner. Ectopically expressed SNHG7 also as a molecular sponge sequestered endogenous miR‐193b. Besides, FAIM2 was found to be directly targeted by miR‐193b. The restoration of miR‐193b levels in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H125 suppressed the expression of FAIM2 and related tumour proliferation, metastasis and induced apoptosis. However, forced expression of SNHG7 could down‐regulate miR‐193b to elevate the FAIM2 level of tumour cells, leading to impaired miR‐193b/FAIM2‐induced tumour progression. Knockdown of SNHG7 in vivo significantly delayed the tumour growth with decreased tumour volume, which accompanied with enhanced miR‐193b expression and reduced FAIM2 levels.

Conclusion

The results indicated that miR‐193b is indispensible for the ceRNA role of SNHG7 in FAIM2‐supported tumourigenesis of lung cancer.
Social capital's role in recovery: evidence from communities affected by the 2010 Pakistan floods
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Siddique , Aldrich Daniel P.
Published: November 2017

Pakistan suffered large‐scale flooding in summer 2010 that caused damage amounting to approximately USD 43 billion, claimed the lives of at least 1,700 people, and negatively affected some 20 million others. Observers have debated the degree to which social capital plays a role in recovery after a catastrophe of this magnitude. Using new survey data on 450 residents impacted by the disaster, this study found that, controlling for various confounding factors, the social capital levels of victims serve as robust correlates of life recovery. Other important variables connected with recovery include education and income, family size, occupation, material damage suffered, stability of home, and trauma experience. The findings point to a number of relevant policy recommendations, most notably that during and following major shocks, disaster managers should work to keep the social networks of victims intact so that they can benefit from interaction with family, friends, and neighbours.
From Democratization to Securitization: Post‐Arab Spring Political Order in the Middle East
Authors: Battaloglu Cihat , Farasin Fadi
Published: November 2017

This article examines the question: why and how the wave of democratization in the Middle East has receded, giving way to the prioritization of security in the post‐Arab Spring by conducting analyses at three levels: societal, state, and international. By applying the main concepts and theories found in the literature on democratization and securitization and by analyzing the Bertelsmann Stiftung's Democracy Status Index, the Arab Barometers Survey, and the Arab Opinion Survey, the article concludes that: at the societal level, the tragic unfolding of events after the Arab Spring prohibits the public from pushing a reform agenda; at the state level, the post‐Arab political environment raises doubts among the ruling elite about how far political reforms should be extended; and at the international level, with the rise of new security threats, international pressure on Middle East countries to democratize has been restrained, giving way to security cooperation as the top priority.
Spatial distribution, sampling efficiency and Taylor's power law
Authors: TAYLOR R. A. J.
Published: November 2017

1. A relationship between sampling efficiency and Taylor's power law (TPL) is derived and illustrated with data from gypsy moth samples taken in Pennsylvania.

2. It is shown that attractant traps such as pheromone and light traps may exhibit density‐dependent sampling efficiency which can influence the parameters of TPL.

3. Comparison of the light trap and pheromone trap sample data with those of a standardised suction trap enables the attractant traps to be standardised.

4. Rescaling male moth catches per trap to number per unit volume increases the slope, intercept and correlation coefficient while stretching the pattern of data points.

5. Density‐dependent sampling efficiency of attractant traps shows how TPL is sensitive to spatial aggregation behaviour as well as other life‐history variables.
Melanoma tumors exhibit a variable but distinct metabolic signature
Authors: Feichtinger René G. , Lang Roland , Geilberger Reinhard , Rathje Florian , Mayr Johannes A. , Sperl Wolfgang , Bauer Johann W. , Hauser‐Kronberger Cornelia , Kofler Barbara , Emberger Michael
Published: November 2017

The Warburg theory of cancer postulates that an important driver of tumorigenesis is insufficient respiration due to mitochondrial defects, and concomitant enhancement of lactate production due to increased aerobic glycolysis. We analysed 48 melanoma samples by immunohistochemistry and found that 38% of melanomas are characterized by areas of isolated or combined deficiencies of complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, whereby the incidence of OXPHOS‐deficient areas is associated with an increased Breslow index; 62% of melanomas showed high expression of all OXPHOS complexes. Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX was low, indicating that melanomas generally are well‐oxygenated. Expression of HIF‐1α and MCT4 was high, which might be a consequence of increased lactate dehydrogenase A levels in melanomas. Our data indicate that there are two types of melanomas: one that features a classic Warburg effect, whereas the other one, despite being glycolytic, maintains a high level of OXPHOS complexes.
Factors affecting the patency of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis: Single center experience
Authors: Stolic Radojica V. , Trajkovic Goran Z. , Kostic Mirjana M. , Mihailovic Branko , Jovanovic Aleksandar N. , Lazic Bratislav D. , Matijasević Ivana R. , Jaksić Maša D. , Mirkovic Zlatica M. , Smilic Tanja N. , Mitic Javorka S.
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred form vascular access for hemodialysis (HD), as they have a low rate of complications and durable function. The aim of our investigation was to analyze the factors that might influence the function of AVFs.

Methods: Data were taken from the computerized patient record system in the Clinic of Urology and Nephrology, Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia, for a 2‐year period. We analyzed patients who had requested re‐creation of AVFs as a secondary procedure. During this period 112 patients, 73 (65%) men and 39 (35%) women, had AVF thromboses. All relevant clinical and laboratory parameters that could affect the function and survival of AVF were evaluated.

Findings: In univariate logistic regression analysis, statistically significant predictors influencing the duration of the fistula were magnesium (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P = 0.041), smoking (P = 0.001), antiplatelet therapy (P < 0.001), and type of HD (bicarbonate vs. hemodiafiltration) (P < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression model, high concentrations of magnesium (B = 7434; P < 0.001) and antiplatelet therapy (B ‐ 1.042; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with the length of AVF function.

Discussion: After successful establishment of an AVF, there is a compelling need to maintain fistula patency. Factors that affect functioning of the AVFs are presently under intense scrutiny. According to our results, some clinical factors may determine long term fistula duration, such as concentration of the magnesium and antiplatelet therapy.
Teaching & Learning Tips 2: Cognitive load theory
Authors: Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan
Published: November 2017

Challenge: Dermatology trainees include medical students, residents, and fellows. Variability in level of experience and background knowledge can make clinical teaching challenging. Research also shows novices have different ways of thinking than experts, which must be acknowledged in the preceptor‐trainee interaction for optimal teaching and learning to occur. Herein we explore how “cognitive load” varies with learner level and how reducing cognitive load can enhance learning, especially for novice learners.
Measuring the success of Medical Emergency Teams: potentially preventable deaths versus total cardiac arrest deaths. A single centre observational study
Authors: Barrett Jonathan , Hawdon Gabrielle , Wade Julie , Reeves John
Published: November 2017

Background

Rapid response systems have been implemented with the aim of preventing patient deterioration, in‐hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) and related deaths. Not all ‘unexpected deaths’ are preventable, thus compromising the use of unexpected deaths as an outcome measure.

Aims

To assess temporal trends in potentially preventable deaths as a subset of total unexpected death rates over a 4‐year period.

Methods

A single centre, cohort study of all unexpected deaths between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013. Unexpected deaths were identified from the rapid response systems database and patients’ case histories were reviewed to reclassify the deaths into one of three categories: potentially preventable: if earlier MET activation may have prevented death; missed not for resuscitation opportunity; and not preventable. Total bed days were obtained from the hospital's patient administration system.

Results

The rate of potentially preventable deaths decreased from 5.3 to 0.7 per 100 000 bed days (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.53 (95% CI 0.31–0.90),P= 0.02). The rate of total unexpected deaths was unchanged (IRR 0.96 (0.80–1.16),P= 0.70), as were the rates of non‐preventable deaths (IRR 1.06 (0.78–1.42),P= 0.72) and missed NFR deaths (IRR 1.1 (0.83–1.42),P= 0.56).

Conclusion

The rate of potentially preventable deaths has decreased by 47% per year over a 4‐year period without any change in the overall rate of unexpected deaths. Distinguishing between potentially preventable deaths in contrast to total unexpected deaths enables more targeted evaluation of rapid response systems.
Static fatigue and compressive stress generation in an aged crack
Authors: Lezzi Peter J. , Seaman Jared H.
Published: November 2017

In classic experiments by Michalske and others, it was found that cracks aged statically below the fatigue limit acquired a temporary strength increase compared to the non‐aged crack. In our previous publication we observed that cracks growing near the fatigue limit exhibited a time dependent slowing down of crack growth. Both of these phenomena are related to a toughening of the crack tip that we attribute to a water‐assisted surface stress relaxation mechanism. To test this hypothesis, the K‐v crack growth curves have been measured using the double cantilever beam (DCB) experimental technique for two commercial glasses, a sodium aluminosilicate, and a potassium aluminosilicate, both of which exhibit clear fatigue limits in air. Using polarimetry, it is shown that the stress state near an unloaded but previously aged crack tip is opposite in sign to the stress state near the tip of a crack held in Mode I loading. These results clearly indicate that a stress relaxation mechanism is occurring at the crack tip.
Food web consequences of an evolutionary arms race: Molluscs subject to crab predation on intertidal mudflats in Oman are unavailable to shorebirds
Authors: Bom Roeland A. , de Fouw Jimmy , Klaassen Raymond H. G. , Piersma Theunis , Lavaleye Marc S. S. , Ens Bruno J. , Oudman Thomas , van Gils Jan A.
Published: November 2017

Aim

Molluscivorous shorebirds supposedly developed their present wintering distribution after the last ice age. Currently, molluscivorous shorebirds are abundant on almost all shores of the world, except for those in the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP). Long before shorebirds arrived on the scene, molluscan prey in the IWP evolved strong anti‐predation traits in a prolonged evolutionary arms race with durophagous predators including brachyuran crabs. Here, we investigate whether the absence of molluscivorous shorebirds from a site in Oman can be explained by the molluscan community being too well‐defended.

Location

The intertidal mudflats of Barr Al Hikman, Oman.

Methods

Based on samples from 282 locations across the intertidal area the standing stock of the macrozoobenthic community was investigated. By measuring anti‐predation traits (burrowing depth, size and strength of armour), the fraction of molluscs available to molluscivorous shorebirds was calculated.

Results

Molluscs dominated the macrozoobenthic community at Barr Al Hikman. However, less than 17% of the total molluscan biomass was available to shorebirds. Most molluscs were unavailable either because of their hard‐to‐crush shells, or because they lived too deeply in the sediment. Repair scars and direct observations confirmed crab predation on molluscs. Although standing stock densities of the Barr Al Hikman molluscs were of the same order of magnitude as at intertidal mudflat areas where molluscivorous shorebirds are abundant, the molluscan biomass available to shorebirds was distinctly lower at Barr Al Hikman.

Main conclusions

The established strong molluscan anti‐predation traits against crabs precludes molluscan exploitation by shorebirds at Barr Al Hikman. This study exemplifies that dispersal of “novel” predators is hampered in areas where native predators and prey exhibit strongly developed attack and defence mechanisms, and highlights that evolutionary arms races can have consequences for the global distribution of species.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of reflux esophagitis: A cohort study
Authors: Min Yang Won , Kim Youngha , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Gu Seonhye , Kang Danbee , Cho Soo Jin , Guallar Eliseo , Cho Juhee , Sinn Dong Hyun
Published: November 2017

Background and Aim

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in cross‐sectional studies, but a prospective association has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to determine whether NAFLD increases the risk of incident reflux esophagitis in a large cohort study.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of 34 063 men and women without reflux esophagitis or other upper gastrointestinal disease at baseline who underwent health checkup examinations between January 2003 and December 2013. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound based on standard criteria. Reflux esophagitis was defined by the presence of at least grade A mucosal break on esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Results

The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 33.2%. During 153 520.2 person‐years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidences of reflux esophagitis for participants without and with NAFLD were 9.6% and 13.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). The age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of reflux esophagitis development in participants with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.23; P < 0.001). However, this association disappeared after adjusting for body mass index and other metabolic factors (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.09; P = 0.79). Similarly, in multivariable‐adjusted models, there was no significant association between NAFLD severity and the risk of developing reflux esophagitis.

Conclusions

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is not independently associated with the risk of the development of reflux esophagitis, but rather, reflux esophagitis is primarily the consequence of increased body mass index commonly associated with NAFLD.
Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan , Burton Amy L. , Gustin Jeffery L. , Eker Selim , Asikli Safiye , Heybet Elif Hakli , Ozturk Levent , Cakmak Ismail , Yazici Atilla , Burkey Kent O. , Orf James , Settles A. Mark
Published: November 2017

Seed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is a non‐renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean (Glycine max) yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low‐ and high‐P environments, soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybean maintains sufficient P in seeds even in low‐P soil. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in low‐P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimal‐P environment. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were 0.78 (individual seed weight), 0.90 (seed protein), 0.34 (seed oil), and 0.98 (seed number). The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.
Effect of Various Treatment Modalities on Surface Characteristics and Shear Bond Strengths of Polyetheretherketone‐Based Core Materials
Authors: Çulhaoğlu Ahmet Kürşat , Özkır Serhat Emre , Şahin Volkan , Yılmaz Burak , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness (Ra), wettability, and shear bond strength of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to composite resin.

Materials and Methods

One hundred ninety eight PEEK specimens were divided into six groups (n = 33). Specimen surfaces were treated with the following surface treatment modalities: silicoating (CoJet), acetone treatment, acid etching (H2SO4), airborne particle abrasion (Al2O3), laser irradiation (Yb:PL laser), and the nontreated surface serving as the control. Surface roughness was measured with an profilometer (n = 11) and a goniometer was used to measure the surface wettability through contact angle (θ)(n = 11). PEEK surfaces were veneered with a composite resin (n = 11). The specimens were then thermocycled for 10,000 cycles at 5 to 55°C. Shear bond strengths between the PEEK and composite resin were measured with an universal test machine. One‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Tukey's post‐hoc test was used to determine significant differences between groups (α = 0.05).

Results

Surface roughness and wettability of PEEK surfaces along with shear bond strength of PEEK to composite resin were influenced by the surface treatments. (p < 0.01) Highest mean Ra values were obtained for PEEK surfaces treated by laser irradiation (2.85 ± 0.2 µm) followed by airborne particle abrasion (2.26 ± 0.33 µm), whereas other surface treatment modalities provided similar Ra values, with the acid‐etched PEEK surfaces having the lowest mean Ra values (0.35 ± 0.14 µm). Silicoating provided the most wettable PEEK surfaces (48.04 ± 6.28º), followed by either acetone treatment (70.19 ± 4.49º) or acid treatment (76.07 ± 6.61º). Decreased wettability was observed for airborne particle abraded (84.83 ± 4.56º) and laser‐treated PEEK surfaces (103.06 ± 4.88º). The highest mean shear bond strength values were observed for acid‐etched PEEK surfaces (15.82 ± 4.23 MPa) followed by laser irradiated (11.46 ± 1.97 MPa), airborne particle abraded (10.81 ± 3.06 MPa), and silicoated PEEK surfaces (8.07 ± 2.54 MPa). Acetone‐treated (5.98 ± 1.54 MPa) and untreated PEEK surfaces (5.09 ± 2.14 MPa) provided the lowest mean shear bond strengths.

Conclusions

The highest mean shear bond strengths were observed for acid‐etched PEEK surfaces, followed by laser‐irradiated, airborne particle abraded, and silicoated PEEK surfaces providing similar mean shear bond strengths. Since shear bond strengths higher than 10 MPa are considered acceptable, acid etching, laser irradiation, and airborne particle abrasion of PEEK surfaces may be considered viable surface treatment modalities for the PEEK material tested.
Building the Case for A Single Key Informant in Supply Chain Management Survey Research
Authors: Krause Daniel , Luzzini Davide , Lawson Benn
Published: November 2017

Survey research is appropriate and necessary to address certain types of research questions. In this paper, we acknowledge the ongoing debate about survey research and focus specifically on examining the conditions under which a study might validly utilize data provided by a single respondent. To this end, we summarize the main challenges that survey research in supply chain management faces when dealing with single respondents and later argue that having multiple respondents does not necessarily represent a cure‐all solution. Next, we discuss the concept of alignment in survey research and explore the characteristics of research questions that can be addressed through single key informants. We conclude the paper by suggesting that researchers should carefully consider the appropriateness of single key informants in light of the type of research question and also clearly support such choice when describing the method adopted.
A Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Study of Beraprost Sodium Treatment for Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Takenaka M. , Iio A. , Sato R. , Sakamoto T. , Kurumatani H. ,   the KT‐140 Clinical Study Group
Published: November 2017

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive and irreversible disease in cats. The efficacy and safety of beraprost sodium (BPS) in cats with CKD have not been evaluated.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPS in the treatment of cats with CKD, as compared to placebo.

Animals

Seventy‐four client‐owned cats with naturally occurring CKD.

Methods

Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. The cats received BPS (55 μg/cat) or a placebo PO q12 h for 180 days. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as a change in the serum creatinine (sCr), serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio or urine specific gravity (USG).

Results

The sCr increased significantly (P = 0.0030) in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL). The difference between the groups at day 180 was significant (0.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0071). The serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio was significantly (P = 0.0037) increased in the placebo group (0.46 ± 0.10 to 0.52 ± 0.21 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (0.50 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.11 mg/dL). There was no significant change in the USG in either group. An adverse event judged as being treatment‐related included vomiting that occurred in 1 case in the placebo group. No clinically relevant change was observed in the CBC and other blood chemistry tests.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Beraprost sodium treatment was well tolerated and safe in cats with CKD. BPS inhibited the reduction in renal filtration function as measured by sCr increase.
What we do and do not know about women and kidney diseases – questions unanswered and answers unquestioned: Reflection on World Kidney Day and International Woman’s Day
Authors: Piccoli Giorgina B , Alrukhaimi Mona , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Zakharova Elena , Levin Adeera ,   On behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: November 2017

Chronic kidney disease affects approximately 10% of the world’s adult population: it is within the top 20 causes of death worldwide, and its impact on patients and their families can be devastating. World Kidney Day and International Women’s Day in 2018 coincide, thus offering an opportunity to reflect on the importance of women’s health and specifically their kidney health, on the community, and the next generations, as well as to strive to be more curious about the unique aspects of kidney disease in women so that we may apply those learnings more broadly. Girls and women, who make up approximately 50% of the world’s population, are important contributors to society and their families. Gender differences continue to exist around the world in access to education, medical care, and participation in clinical studies. Pregnancy is a unique state for women, offering an opportunity for diagnosis of kidney disease, but also a state where acute and chronic kidney diseases may manifest, and which may impact future generations with respect to kidney health. There are various autoimmune and other conditions that are more likely to impact women with profound consequences for child bearing, and on the fetus. Women have different complications on dialysis than men, and are more likely to be donors than recipients of kidney transplants. In this editorial, we focus on what we do and do not know about women, kidney health, and kidney disease, and what we might learn in the future to improve outcomes worldwide.
Outcomes of liver transplantation in pediatric recipients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Brito Márcio Miranda , Seda Neto Joao , Fonseca Eduardo A. , Pugliese Renata , Danesi Vera B. , Candido Helry L. , Porta Adriana , Borges Cristian V. B. , Porta Gilda , Chapchap Paulo , Miura Irene Kazue
Published: November 2017

LT exerts considerable stress on the heart perioperatively. Limited data exist on impact of cardiovascular diseases on LT children. This study evaluated the outcomes of children with CVD who underwent LT and compared with pretransplant findings. From 518 LT recipients, 82 (15.8%) had CVD. Sixty patients were classified as low‐risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 (RACHS 1 and 2). Five patients were classified as RACHS ≥3. The most common echocardiographic finding in the CVD patients (25/82) was ASD. CVD patients had more abnormal EKG (32.4% vs 14.5%, P < .001), abnormal chest X‐ray (11.8% vs 1.4%, P < .001), and altered echocardiography (89.7% vs 15.4%, P < .001) findings compared with the No‐CVD group pretransplant. Post‐transplant, significant differences between groups were observed related to abnormal EKG (14.7% vs 7.0%, P = .03) and echocardiography (48.5% vs 3.2%, P < .01) findings. Pretransplant ASD spontaneously closed in 22 patients. At 1 and 5 years post‐transplant, there was no difference in the survival rate between groups (P = .96). The prevalence of CVD in recipients of LT was high, and its presence was associated with significantly higher cardiac decompensation before and after LT. Minor and moderate cardiovascular disease did not impact the long‐term survival.
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from glandular odontogenic cyst confirmed by analysis of MAML2 rearrangement: A case report
Authors: Nagasaki Atsuhiro , Ogawa Ikuko , Sato Yukiko , Takeuchi Kengo , Kitagawa Masae , Ando Toshinori , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Shrestha Madhu , Uchisako Kaori , Koizumi Koichi , Toratani Shigeaki , Konishi Masaru , Takata Takashi
Published: November 2017

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) poses a diagnostic challenge because of its rarity and histological overlap with glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC). In MEC of both salivary glands and jaws, MAML2 arrangement has been well known as the specific gene alteration. We report a case of central MEC arising from GOC diagnosed by MAML2 fusion gene. A 57‐year‐old male presented a multilocular cystic lesion in left molar region of the mandible. Histopathologically, multiple cysts lined by thin cuboidal or non‐keratinized squamous epithelium with small duct‐like structures, mucous cells and ciliated cells were present. It was diagnosed as GOC. The recurrent lesion after nine years showed the proliferation of many cystic and solid nests composed of epidermoid, mucous and intermediated cells. Nested PCR revealed CRTC3‐MAML2 fusion gene in the recurrent lesion, but not in the primary one. Similarly, MAML‐2 rearrangement by FISH analysis was positive in the recurrent lesion, while negative for the primary one, thus confirming the diagnosis of central MEC arising from GOC. Analysis of MAML2 rearrangement can be used as a supportive evidence to distinguish central MEC from GOC.
Cultural socialization of toddlers in emotionally charged situations
Authors: Corapci Feyza , Friedlmeier Wolfgang , Benga Oana , Strauss Catherine , Pitica Irina , Susa Georgiana
Published: November 2017

This study examined mothers’ responses to foster emotional competence from a cultural perspective. Fifty‐one European American, 52 Turkish, and 40 Romanian mothers of 2‐year‐old children provided open‐ended responses to vignettes of anger‐, sadness‐, fear‐, and happiness‐eliciting situations. Mothers’ responses were compared between the family models of independence (United States) and psychological interdependence (Turkey, Romania) to understand cultural variations. To anger, all mothers endorsed problem‐focused responses that emphasized teaching coping skills at similar rates, suggestive of an autonomy‐orientation. European American mothers also endorsed behaviorally oriented discipline to cope with anger independently more than Turks and Romanians, who endorsed reasoning and comforting responses more, reflecting a relatedness emphasis. To sadness, problem‐focused and comforting responses did not reveal cultural differences. Expected differences in reasoning and dismissive responses were partly supported. To fear, comforting was the dominant response, with the highest rate reported by European Americans. Turkish and Romanian mothers’ relative emphasis on reasoning was characteristic of their family model. In happy situations, European American mothers validated toddlers’ happiness most often, whereas Turkish mothers reported the escalation of happiness most often. Despite sharing the psychological interdependence model, differences in some responses to sadness, fear, and happiness were noted between Turkish and Romanian mothers.
Performance in a Collaborative Search Task: The Role of Feedback and Alignment
Authors: Coco Moreno I. , Dale Rick , Keller Frank
Published: November 2017

When people communicate, they coordinate a wide range of linguistic and non‐linguistic behaviors. This process of coordination is called alignment, and it is assumed to be fundamental to successful communication. In this paper, we question this assumption and investigate whether disalignment is a more successful strategy in some cases. More specifically, we hypothesize that alignment correlates with task success only when communication is interactive. We present results from a spot‐the‐difference task in which dyads of interlocutors have to decide whether they are viewing the same scene or not. Interactivity was manipulated in three conditions by increasing the amount of information shared between interlocutors (no exchange of feedback, minimal feedback, full dialogue). We use recurrence quantification analysis to measure the alignment between the scan‐patterns of the interlocutors. We found that interlocutors who could not exchange feedback aligned their gaze more, and that increased gaze alignment correlated with decreased task success in this case. When feedback was possible, in contrast, interlocutors utilized it to better organize their joint search strategy by diversifying visual attention. This is evidenced by reduced overall alignment in the minimal feedback and full dialogue conditions. However, only the dyads engaged in a full dialogue increased their gaze alignment over time to achieve successful performances. These results suggest that alignment per se does not imply communicative success, as most models of dialogue assume. Rather, the effect of alignment depends on the type of alignment, on the goals of the task, and on the presence of feedback.
Tasting Tea and Filming Tea: The Filmmaker's Engaged Sensory Experience
Authors: Zhang Jinghong
Published: November 2017

Exploring the sense of taste with ethnographic film is challenging because the nature of taste is hard to record, describe, and remember, and also because film is restricted to recording just image and sound. Based on the author's experience in tasting tea and making films about tea in China, this article discusses the importance of incorporating the sensory experience of the filmmaker in exploring and representing the taste sensation. It argues that film can go beyond the limit of describing taste with words to represent and evoke the sense of taste, specifically through the filmmaker's embodied experience. Through active engagement with the sensory environment, film also generates new anthropological knowledge, linking the sensory experience of the filmmaker, the subject, and the viewer more closely.
MINING SIMILAR PATTERN WITH ATTRIBUTE ORIENTED INDUCTION HIGH LEVEL EMERGING PATTERN (AOI-HEP) DATA MINING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Spits Warnars Harco Leslie Hendric , Anwar Nizirwan , Randriatoamanana Richard , Perez Sanchez Horacio Emilio
Published: November 2017

AOI-HEP (Attribute Oriented Induction High Emerging Pattern) as new data mining technique has been success to mine frequent pattern and is extended to mine similar patterns. AOI-HEP is success to mine 3 and 1 similar patterns from IPUMS and breast cancer UCI machine learning datasets respectively. Meanwhile, the experiments showed that there was no finding similar patterns on adult and census UCI machine learning datasets. The experiments showed that finding AOI-HEP similar pattern in dataset is influenced by learning on chosen high level concept attribute in concept hierarchy and it is applied to AOI-HEP frequent pattern in previous research as well. The experiments chosed high level concept attributes such as workclass, clump thickness, means and marts for adult, breast cancer, census and IPUMS datasets respectively. In order to proof that the chosen high level concept attribute will influences the AOI-HEP similar pattern in dataset, then extended experiments were carried on and the finding were census dataset which had been none AOI-HEP similar pattern, had AOI-HEP similar pattern when learned on high level concept in marital attribute. Meanwhile, Breast cancer which had been had 1 AOI-HEP similar pattern, had none AOI-HEP similar pattern when learned on high level concept in attributes such as cell size, cell shape and bare nuclei. The 2 of 3 finding Similar patterns in IPUMS dataset have strong discriminant rule since having large growth rates such as 1.53% and 3.47%, and having large supports in target dataset such as 4.54% and 5.45 respectively. Moreover, there have small supports in contrasting dataset such as 2.96% and 1.57% respectively.
Adaptability Research of Thermal–Chemical Assisted Steam Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhengbin Wu , Huiqing Liu , Xue Wang
Published: November 2017

Thermal–chemical flooding (TCF) is an effective alternative to enhance heavy oil recovery after steam injection. In this paper, single and parallel sand-pack flooding experiments were carried out to investigate the oil displacement ability of thermal–chemical composed of steam, nitrogen (N2), and viscosity breaker (VB), considering multiple factors such as residual oil saturation (Sorw) postwater flood, scheme switch time, and permeability contrast. The results of single sand-pack experiments indicated that compared with steam flooding (SF), steam-nitrogen flooding, and steam-VB flooding, TCF had the best displacement efficiency, which was 11.7% higher than that of pure SF. The more serious of water-flooded degree, the poorer of TCF effect. The improvement effect of TCF almost lost as water saturation reached 80%. Moreover, the earlier TCF was transferred from steam injection, the higher oil recovery was obtained. The parallel sand-pack experiments suggested that TCF had good adaptability to reservoir heterogeneity. Emulsions generated after thermal–chemical injection diverted the following compound fluid turning to the low-permeable tube (LPT) due to its capturing and blocking ability. The expansion of N2 and the disturbance of VB promoted oil recovery in both tubes. As reservoir heterogeneity became more serious, namely, permeability contrast was more than 6 in this study, the improvement effect became weaker due to earlier steam channeling in the high-permeable tube (HPT).
Effect of Substrate Shape on Friction Regimes and on Tip Jump Probability in Atomic Scale Friction
Authors: Djiha Tchaptchet E. , Djuidje Kenmoe G. , Kofane T. C.
Published: November 2017

We investigate the effect of the shape potential on the frictional behavior transitions. The Tomlinson parameter for the deformable substrate potential is calculated theoretically and its influence on friction force is studied. Futhermore, effects of temperature and substrate shape on the tip jump probability are presented. We find two critical times, which characterize the tip dynamics. The first critical time is the time spent by the tip to reach next potential minimum and the second is the time at which the tip exhibits an equiprobability of forward and backward jump. We show that these critical times depend strongly on the substrate shape as well as on the temperature.
Cooling of a Partially Elastic Isothermal Surface by Nanofluids Jet Impingement
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Öztop Hakan F.
Published: November 2017

Numerical study of nanofluid jet impingement cooling of a partially elastic isothermal hot surface was conducted with finite element method. The impingement surface was made partially elastic, and the effects of Reynolds number (between 25 and 200), solid particle volume fraction (between 0.01 and 0.04), elastic modulus of isothermal hot surface (between 104 and 106), size of the flexible part (between 7.5 w and 25 w), and nanoparticle type (spherical, cylindrical, blade) on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed. It was observed that average Nusselt number enhances for higher Reynolds number, higher values of elastic modulus of flexible wall, smaller size of elastic part, and higher nanoparticle solid volume fraction and for cylindrical shaped particles. It is possible to change the maximum Nusselt number by 50.58% and 33% by changing the elastic modulus of the hot wall and size of elastic part whereas average Nusselt number changes by only 9.33% and 6.21%. The discrepancy between various particle shapes is higher for higher particle volume fraction.
Time Course Response of the Heart and Circulatory System to Active Postural Changes
Authors: Pauls Jo P. , Roberts Llion A. , Burgess Tom , Fraser John F. , Gregory Shaun D. , Tansley Geoff
Published: November 2017

Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) used for mechanical circulatory support of heart failure patients cannot passively change pump flow sufficiently in response to frequent variations in preload induced by active postural changes. A physiological control system that mimics the response of the healthy heart is needed to adjust pump flow according to patient demand. Thus, baseline data are required on how the healthy heart and circulatory system (i.e., heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO)) respond. This study investigated the response times of the healthy heart during active postural changes (supine-standing-supine) in 50 healthy subjects (27 male/23 female). Early response times (te) and settling times (ts) were calculated for HR and CO from data continuously collected with impedance cardiography. The initial circulatory response of HR and CO resulted in te of 9.0–11.7 s when standing up and te of 4.7–5.7 s when lying back down. Heart rate and CO settled in ts of 50.0–53.6 s and 46.3–58.2 s when standing up and lying down, respectively. In conclusion, when compared to active stand up, HR and CO responded significant faster initially when subjects were lying down (p < 0.05); there were no significant differences in response times between male and female subjects. These data will be used during evaluation of physiological control systems for RBPs, which may improve patient outcomes for end-stage heart failure patients.
Determinant Factors for Arterial Hemodynamics in Hypertension: Theoretical Insights From a Computational Model-Based Study
Authors: Liang Fuyou , Guan Debao , Alastruey Jordi
Published: November 2017

Hypertension is a well-documented predictive factor for cardiovascular events. Clinical studies have extensively demonstrated the differential hemodynamic consequences of various antihypertensive drugs, but failed to clearly elucidate the underlying mechanisms due to the difficulty in performing a quantitative deterministic analysis based on clinical data that carry confounding information stemming from interpatient differences and the nonlinearity of cardiovascular hemodynamics. In the present study, a multiscale model of the cardiovascular system was developed to quantitatively investigate the relationships between hemodynamic variables and cardiovascular properties under hypertensive conditions, aiming to establish a theoretical basis for assisting in the interpretation of clinical observations or optimization of therapy. Results demonstrated that heart period, central arterial stiffness, and arteriolar radius were the major determinant factors for blood pressures and flow pulsatility indices both in large arteries and in the microcirculation. These factors differed in the degree and the way in which they affect hemodynamic variables due to their differential effects on wave reflections in the vascular system. In particular, it was found that the hemodynamic effects of varying arteriolar radius were considerably influenced by the state of central arterial stiffness, and vice versa, which implied the potential of optimizing antihypertensive treatment by selecting proper drugs based on patient-specific cardiovascular conditions. When analyzed in relation to clinical observations, the simulated results provided mechanistic explanations for the beneficial pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators as compared to β-blockers, and highlighted the significance of monitoring and normalizing arterial stiffness in the treatment of hypertension.
Erratum: “Development of a Simplified Ankle Distractor” [2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, April 10–13, 2017, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4067-2, Copyright © 2017 by ASME. Paper No. DMD2017-3438, pp. V001T03A005; 2 pages; doi:10.1115/DMD2017-3438]
Authors: Baer Thomas , Frisbie Ryan , Willey Michael , Goetz Jessica
Published: November 2017

This erratum corrects errors that appeared in the paper “Development of a Simplified Ankle Distractor” which was published in Proceedings of the 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, V001T03A005, April 2017, DMD2017-3438, doi: 10.1115/DMD2017-3438.
Frequency and Mechanism of Spontaneous Resistance to Sulbactam Combined with the Novel β-Lactamase Inhibitor ETX2514 in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: McLeod Sarah M. , Shapiro Adam B. , Moussa Samir H. , Johnstone Michele , McLaughlin Robert E. , de Jonge Boudewijn L. M. , Miller Alita A.
Published: November 2017

The novel diazabicyclooctenone ETX2514 is a potent, broad-spectrum serine β-lactamase inhibitor that restores sulbactam activity against resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
. The frequency of spontaneous resistance to sulbactam-ETX2514 in clinical isolates was found to be 7.6 × 10
−10
to <9.0 × 10
−10
at 4× MIC and mapped to residues near the active site of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). Purified mutant PBP3 proteins demonstrated reduced affinity for sulbactam. In a sulbactam-sensitive isolate, resistance also mapped to stringent response genes associated with resistance to PBP2 inhibitors, suggesting that in addition to β-lactamase inhibition, ETX2514 may enhance sulbactam activity in
A. baumannii
via inhibition of PBP2.