bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capture the variation of acoustic impedance property in the Jaisalmer Formation due to structural deformation based on post-stack seismic inversion study: a case study from Jaisalmer sub-basin, India
Authors: Datta Gupta Saurabh , Sinha Sugata Kumar , Chahal Raman
Published: January 2022

The Rajasthan basin situates in the western part of India. The basin architecture comprises three significant sub-basins such as Barmer-Sanchor, Bikaner-Nagaur and Jaisalmer. Barmer-Sanchor and Bikaner-Nagaur sub-basins are intracratonic categories, whereas the Jaisalmer sub-basin comes under intracratonic nature. The current study was conducted in the Jaisalmer sub-basin. The study was conducted in two regions in the Jaisalmer sub-basin through a comparative quantitative interpretation study with the help of two vintages seismic surveys. Ghotaru and Bandha are two adjacent areas in the Jaisalmer sub-basin where Ghotaru has seen few hydrocarbon discoveries; however, no such discoveries are encountered in the Bandha area. The current study was concentrated on the Jaisalmer limestone formation in the Jurassic age. The sub-basin and its related study area have been structurally deformed due to various tectonic activities. Structural deformation was played a crucial role in changing the rock property of limestone facies. A post-stack seismic inversion was carried out to capture the rock property changes in the limestone reservoir based on P-impedance values. Development of high P-impedance was observed in the Ghotaru region compared to the Bandha region from this study. A frequency changes of the limestone lithofacies with structural components was also captured in this study. The high impedance limestone lithofacies is a probable hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir unit in the Jaisalmer Formation of the Ghotaru region.
Role of Radiologic Imaging in Otosclerosis
Authors: Manning Paul M. , Shroads Michael R. , Bykowski Julie , Mafee Mahmood F.
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Review

To review the role of imaging in otosclerosis with an emphasis on pre- and post-operative imaging evaluation.

Recent Findings

Pre-operative CT imaging can help define the extent of bone involvement in otosclerosis and may help avoid surgical complications due to variant anatomy or unsuspected alternative causes of conductive hearing loss. In patients with recurrent hearing loss after surgery, CT imaging can clarify prosthesis position and re-assess anatomy.

CT imaging complements otologic exam and audiometry findings in patients with suspected otosclerosis, for pre-operative planning, and post-operative assessment for patients with recurrent symptoms.
EBSD characterisation of grain size distribution and grain sub-structures for ferritic steel weld metals
Authors: Lehto Pauli , Remes Heikki
Published: January 2022

Microstructural characterisation of engineering materials is required for understanding the relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties. Conventionally grain size is measured from grain boundary maps obtained using optical or electron microscopy. This paper implements EBSD-based linear intercept measurement of spatial grain size variation for ferritic steel weld metals, making analysis flexible and robust. While grain size has been shown to correlate with the strength of the material according to the Hall–Petch relationship, similar grain sizes in weld metals with different phase volume fractions can have significantly different mechanical properties. Furthermore, the solidification of the weld pool induces the formation of grain sub-structures that can alter mechanical properties. The recently developed domain misorientation approach is used in this study to provide a more comprehensive characterisation of the grain sub-structures for ferritic steel weld metals. The studied weld metals consist of varying mixtures of primary ferrite, acicular ferrite, and bainite/martensite, with large differences observed in hardness, grain size, grain morphology, and dislocation cell size. For the studied weld metals, the average dislocation cell size varied between 0.68 and 1.41 µm, with bainitic/martensitic weld metals showing the smallest sub-structures and primary ferrite the largest. In contrast, the volume-weighted average grain size was largest for the bainitic/martensitic weld metal. Results indicate that a Hall–Petch-type relationship exists between hardness and average dislocation cell size and that it partially corrects the significantly different grain size—hardness relationship observed for ferritic and bainitic/martensitic weld metals. The methods and datasets are provided as open access.
Metal matrix nanocomposites in tribology: Manufacturing, performance, and mechanisms
Authors: Pan Shuaihang , Jin Kaiyuan , Wang Tianlu , Zhang Zhinan , Zheng Long , Umehara Noritsugu
Published: January 2022

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) become irreplaceable in tribology industries, due to their supreme mechanical properties and satisfactory tribological behavior. However, due to the dual complexity of MMNC systems and tribological process, the anti-friction and anti-wear mechanisms are unclear, and the subsequent tribological performance prediction and design of MMNCs are not easily possible: A critical up-to-date review is needed for MMNCs in tribology. This review systematically summarized the fabrication, manufacturing, and processing techniques for high-quality MMNC bulk and surface coating materials in tribology. Then, important factors determining the tribological performance (mainly anti-friction evaluation by the coefficient of friction (CoF) and anti-wear assessment with wear rate) in MMNCs have been investigated thoroughly, and the correlations have been analyzed to reveal their potential coupling/synergetic roles of tuning tribological behavior of MMNCs. Most importantly, this review combined the classical metal/alloy friction and wear theories and adapted them to give a (semi-)quantitative description of the detailed mechanisms of improved anti-friction and anti-wear performance in MMNCs. To guarantee the universal applications of these mechanisms, their links with the analyzed influencing factors (e.g., loading forces) and characteristic features like tribo-film have been clarified. This approach forms a solid basis for understanding, predicting, and engineering MMNCs’ tribological behavior, instead of pure phenomenology and experimental observation. Later, the pathway to achieve a broader application for MMNCs in tribo-related fields like smart materials, biomedical devices, energy storage, and electronics has been concisely discussed, with the focus on the potential development of modeling, experimental, and theoretical techniques in MMNCs’ tribological processes. In general, this review tries to elucidate the complex tribo-performances of MMNCs in a fundamentally universal yet straightforward way, and the discussion and summary in this review for the tribological performance in MMNCs could become a useful supplementary to and an insightful guidance for the current MMNC tribology study, research, and engineering innovations.
Fuzzy association rule mining approach to identify e-commerce product association considering sales amount
Authors: Dogan Onur , Kem Furkan Can , Oztaysi Basar
Published: January 2022

Online stores assist customers in buying the desired products online. Great competition in the e-commerce sector necessitates technology development. Many e-commerce systems not only present products but also offer similar products to increase online customer interest. Due to high product variety, analyzing products sold together similar to a recommendation system is a must. This study methodologically improves the traditional association rule mining (ARM) method by adding fuzzy set theory. Besides, it extends the ARM by considering not only items sold but also sales amounts. Fuzzy association rule mining (FARM) with the Apriori algorithm can catch the customers’ choice from historical transaction data. It discovers fuzzy association rules from an e-commerce company to display similar products to customers according to their needs in amount. The experimental result shows that the proposed FARM approach produces much information about e-commerce sales for decision-makers. Furthermore, the FARM method eliminates some traditional rules considering their sales amount and can produce some rules different from ARM.
Knowledge representation for explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Borrego-Díaz Joaquín , Galán Páez Juan
Published: January 2022

Alongside the particular need to explain the behavior of black box artificial intelligence (AI) systems, there is a general need to explain the behavior of any type of AI-based system (the explainable AI, XAI) or complex system that integrates this type of technology, due to the importance of its economic, political or industrial rights impact. The unstoppable development of AI-based applications in sensitive areas has led to what could be seen, from a formal and philosophical point of view, as some sort of crisis in the foundations, for which it is necessary both to provide models of the fundamentals of explainability as well as to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different proposals. The need for foundations is also linked to the permanent challenge that the notion of explainability represents in Philosophy of Science. The paper aims to elaborate a general theoretical framework to discuss foundational characteristics of explaining, as well as how solutions (events) would be justified (explained). The approach, epistemological in nature, is based on the phenomenological-based approach to complex systems reconstruction (which encompasses complex AI-based systems). The formalized perspective is close to ideas from argumentation and induction (as learning). The soundness and limitations of the approach are addressed from Knowledge representation and reasoning paradigm and, in particular, from Computational Logic point of view. With regard to the latter, the proposal is intertwined with several related notions of explanation coming from the Philosophy of Science.
Semantic-guided autoencoder adversarial hashing for large-scale cross-modal retrieval
Authors: Li Mingyong , Li Qiqi , Ma Yan , Yang Degang
Published: January 2022

With the vigorous development of mobile Internet technology and the popularization of smart devices, while the amount of multimedia data has exploded, its forms have become more and more diversified. People’s demand for information is no longer satisfied with single-modal data retrieval, and cross-modal retrieval has become a research hotspot in recent years. Due to the strong feature learning ability of deep learning, cross-modal deep hashing has been extensively studied. However, the similarity of different modalities is difficult to measure directly because of the different distribution and representation of cross-modal. Therefore, it is urgent to eliminate the modal gap and improve retrieval accuracy. Some previous research work has introduced GANs in cross-modal hashing to reduce semantic differences between different modalities. However, most of the existing GAN-based cross-modal hashing methods have some issues such as network training is unstable and gradient disappears, which affect the elimination of modal differences. To solve this issue, this paper proposed a novel Semantic-guided Autoencoder Adversarial Hashing method for cross-modal retrieval (SAAH). First of all, two kinds of adversarial autoencoder networks, under the guidance of semantic multi-labels, maximize the semantic relevance of instances and maintain the immutability of cross-modal. Secondly, under the supervision of semantics, the adversarial module guides the feature learning process and maintains the modality relations. In addition, to maintain the inter-modal correlation of all similar pairs, this paper use two types of loss functions to maintain the similarity. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, sufficient experiments were conducted on three widely used cross-modal datasets (MIRFLICKR, NUS-WIDE and MS COCO), and compared with several representatives advanced cross-modal retrieval methods, SAAH achieved leading retrieval performance.
CARNet: Cascade attentive RefineNet for multi-lesion segmentation of diabetic retinopathy images
Authors: Guo Yanfei , Peng Yanjun
Published: January 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working population. Lesion segmentation from fundus images helps ophthalmologists accurately diagnose and grade of diabetic retinopathy. However, the task of lesion segmentation is full of challenges due to the complex structure, the various sizes and the interclass similarity with other fundus tissues. To address the issue, this paper proposes a cascade attentive RefineNet (CARNet) for automatic and accurate multi-lesion segmentation of diabetic retinopathy. It can make full use of the fine local details and coarse global information from the fundus image. CARNet is composed of global image encoder, local image encoder and attention refinement decoder. We take the whole image and the patch image as the dual input, and feed them to ResNet50 and ResNet101, respectively, for downsampling to extract lesion features. The high-level refinement decoder uses dual attention mechanism to integrate the same-level features in the two encoders with the output of the low-level attention refinement module for multiscale information fusion, which focus the model on the lesion area to generate accurate predictions. We evaluated the segmentation performance of the proposed CARNet on the IDRiD, E-ophtha and DDR data sets. Extensive comparison experiments and ablation studies on various data sets demonstrate the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches and has better accuracy and robustness. It not only overcomes the interference of similar tissues and noises to achieve accurate multi-lesion segmentation, but also preserves the contour details and shape features of small lesions without overloading GPU memory usage.
Intra-Site Structure of the Early Ahmarian Site of Al-Ansab 1, AH 1 (Jordan)
Authors: Schoenenberg Jonathan , Sauer Florian
Published: January 2022

The Early Ahmarian represents an Early Upper Palaeolithic cultural unit, which spans throughout the Levant to the Sinai Peninsula. At least 40 sites belong to this unit. Both open-air and cave sites provide different amounts of archaeological material at various spatial resolutions. The team of the Collaborative Research Centre 806 “Our Way to Europe” excavated the site of Al-Ansab 1, Wadi Sabra, since 2009. The site provides one of the largest lithic assemblages of the Early Ahmarian. Analysis of intra-site distributions and patterns has been conducted for a small number of sites, providing scarce information on the spatial makeup of Early Ahmarian occupation layers. The internal structure testifies to repeated settlement without task specialisation. While this has been described for the sites on the Sinai Peninsula, the situation has been unclear for locations placed in the escarpments of the Transjordanian Highlands. At Al-Ansab 1, we can observe the repeated, relatively ephemeral occupation of a specific location in the Wadi Sabra for the execution of various tasks such as processing of faunal elements and raw material exploitation. Our results correlate to a pattern of mobility observable at other Early Ahmarian sites such as Abu Noshra II. These sites are usually attributed to relatively small and highly mobile bands of hunter-gatherers. Analysing these patterns of intra-site and regional spatial behaviour in the context of environmental patterning highlights potential external drivers to the expression of human occupation at sites such as Al-Ansab 1, archaeological horizon 1.
Entry vehicle control system design for the Tianwen-1 mission
Authors: Hu Jinchang , Huang Xiangyu , Li Maodeng , Guo Minwen , Xu Chao , Zhao Yu , Liu Wangwang , Wang Xiaolei
Published: January 2022

The entry vehicle for the Tianwen-1 mission successfully landed on the surface of Mars at 7:18 AM BJT on May 15, 2021. This successful landing made China the first country to orbit, land, and release a rover in their first attempt at the Mars exploration. The guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system plays a crucial role in the entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phases. This study focused on the attitude control component of the GNC system design. The EDL phase can be divided into several sub-phases, namely the angle of attack control phase, lift control phase, parachute descent phase, and powered descent phase. Each sub-phase has unique attitude control requirements and challenges. This paper introduces the key aspects of designing attitude controllers for each phase. Furthermore, flight results are presented and analyzed.
A Design Concept and Kinematic Model for a Soft Aquatic Robot with Complex Bio-mimicking Motion
Authors: Abbaszadeh Shokoofeh , Leidhold Roberto , Hoerner Stefan
Published: January 2022

Fish mortality assessments for turbine passages are currently performed by live-animal testing with up to a hundred thousand fish per year in Germany. A propelled sensor device could act as a fish surrogate. In this context, the study presented here investigates the state of the art via a thorough literature review on propulsion systems for aquatic robots. An evaluation of propulsion performance, weight, size and complexity of the motion achievable allows for the selection of an optimal concept for such a fish mimicking device carrying the sensors. In the second step, the design of a bioinspired soft robotic fish driven by an unconventional drive system is described. It is based on piezoceramic actuators, which allow for motion with five degrees of freedom (DOF) and the creation of complex bio-mimicking body motions. A kinematic model for the motion’s characteristics is developed, to achieve accurate position feedback with the use of strain gauges. Optical measurements validate the complex deformation of the body and deliver the basis for the calibration of the kinematic model. Finally, it can be shown, that the calibrated model presented allows the tracking of the deformation of the entire body with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
Pomelo Peel-Inspired 3D-Printed Porous Structure for Efficient Absorption of Compressive Strain Energy
Authors: Yang Baisong , Chen Wenhui , Xin Renlong , Zhou Xiaohong , Tan Di , Ding Chuan , Wu You , Yin Liang , Chen Chuyang , Wang Shan , Yu Zhenglei , Pham Jonathan T. , Liu Sheng , Lei Yifeng , Xue Longjian
Published: January 2022

The porous structure in pomelo peel is believed to be responsible for the protection of its fruit from damage during the free falling from a tree. The quantitative understanding of the relationship between the deformation behavior and the porous structure could pave the way for the design of porous structures for efficient energy absorption. Here, a universal feature of pore distribution in pomelo peels along the radial direction is extracted from three varieties of pomelos, which shows strong correlation to the deformation behavior of the peels under compression. Guided by the porous design found in pomelo peels, porous polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cube is additively manufactured and possesses the highest ability to absorb energy during compression as compared to the non-pomelo-inspired geometries, which is further confirmed by the finite element simulation. The nature-optimized porous structure revealed here could guide the design of lightweight and high-energy-dissipating materials/devices.
Vortex- and Wake-Induced Vibrations of a Circular Cylinder Placed in the Proximity of Two Fixed Cylinders
Authors: Nishi Yoshiki , Shigeyoshi Yuga
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aims to understand the vibratory response of a circular cylinder placed in proximity to other fixed bodies.

Methods

A circular cylinder model was placed in a circulating water channel and was supported elastically to vibrate in the water. Another two circular cylinders were fixed upstream of the vibrating cylinder. The temporal displacement variations of the vibrating cylinder were measured and processed by a frequency analysis.

Results

When the inline spacings were small, two amplitude peaks appeared in the reduced velocity range 3.0–13.0. When the inline spacings were large, the amplitude response showed a single peak.

Conclusion

For small inline spacings, the first peak was attributed to high-amplitude vibrations forced by Karman vortex streets shed from the upstream cylinders. The second peak arose from interactions of the wakes of the upstream cylinder with the vibrating cylinder. When the inline spacing increased, the vortex-induced vibrations resembled those of an isolated cylinder.
Efficiency improvement techniques for private intersection-sum protocol using Bloom filter
Authors: Kano Hiroyuki , Hakuta Keisuke
Published: January 2022

A private set intersection protocol is one of the secure multi-party computation protocols, and allows participants to compute the intersection of their sets without revealing them to each other. Ion et al. proposed the private intersection-sum protocol (PI-Sum). The PI-Sum is one of the two-party private set intersection protocol. In the PI-Sum, two parties (say Alice and Bob) have the private sets A and B. Moreover, Bob additionaly has a rational integer associated with each element of B. The PI-Sum allows Bob to obtain the sum of the rational integers associated with the elements of $$A \cap B$$

A
∩
B

. This paper proposes the efficiency improvement techniques for the PI-Sum. The proposed techniques are based on Bloom filters which are probabilistic data structures. More precisely, this paper proposes three protocols which are modifications of the PI-Sum. The proposed protocols are more efficient than the PI-Sum.
A novel pseudo-random number generator for IoT based on a coupled map lattice system using the generalised symmetric map
Authors: Zia Unsub , McCartney Mark , Scotney Bryan , Martinez Jorge , Sajjad Ali
Published: January 2022

Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are one of the building blocks of cryptographic methods and therefore, new and improved PRNGs are continuously developed. In this study, a novel method to generate pseudo-random sequences using coupled map lattices is presented. Chaotic maps only show their chaotic behaviour for a specified range of control parameters, what can restrict their application in cryptography. In this work, generalised symmetric maps with adaptive control parameter are presented. This novel idea allows the user to choose any symmetric chaotic map, while ensuring that the output is a stream of independent and random sequences. Furthermore, to increase the complexity of the generated sequences, a lattice-based structure where every local map is linked to its neighbouring node via coupling factor has been used. The dynamic behaviour and randomness of the proposed system has been studied using Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy, bifurcation diagrams and the NIST statistical suite for randomness. Experimental results show that the proposed PRNG provides a large key space, generates pseudo-random sequences and is computationally suitable for IoT devices.
Adaptive opto-electromechanical silicon-on-insulator increased bandwidth accelerometer
Authors: Hussein Ali Abdulsattar
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the construction of a compact one-dimension-sensing iscreased bandwidth photonic accelerometer using cascaded groups of continued sections of a 50 ng seismic mass each attached to the silicon beams of two under etched slot waveguide electrostatic phase shift elements acting as voltage-controlled adaptive-precision springs. The accelerometer sensitivity is shown to be significantly increased by applying equal electrode voltages. Simulation results indicate that the sensitivity dynamic range is about 76 dB combining both open-loop and closed-loop voltage control of the sensor. The operation bandwidth of the accelerometer may be increased up to 250 kHz due to the cascaded multi-section architecture of the sensor. This advantage gives significant relief to the limitation in bandwidth response of single section counterparts. The sensor may be designed to detect impact accelerations up to 104 ms−2 and yet can still be electrostatically driven to detect sub-gravitational accelerations. The application of negative feedback voltage control to hold the seismic mass at close distances from a standstill is shown to significantly increase the acceleration detection range. The construction uses all in-plane components based on a silicon-on-insulator template with 300 nm of silicon core thickness. The proposed electromechanical suspension system and the electric feeding arrangements are the most simple. The accelerometer performance is theoretically deterministic. The study is based on performing numerical analysis for the electromechanical suspension system. The waveguides are simulated utilizing the VPIphotonics industry standard. Applications may include the automobile and aerospace industries, underwater sonar, industrial ultrasonic detection, seismology predictions, and medical ultrasonography.

Article Highlights

The cascading of compact high-speed accelerometer sections allows increasing the bandwidth response of the proposed sensor by many folds compared to its single-mass single-section counterparts.

The suspension structure is electrostatically controlled by two voltages enabling widely controlling the sensitivity and detection range of the accelerometer.

The proposed accelerometer may fit wide applications achieving high detection speeds and super sensitivities utilizing a small footprint and power-efficient structure.
Analytical model of bolt shear resistance considering progressive yield of surrounding material
Authors: Wen-qiang Chen , Yi-jia Li
Published: January 2022

Existing analytical models usually fail to match with the actual conditions due to ignoring the nonlinear behavior of the surrounding material reaction force, which changes progressively with the joint shear displacement from elastic stage to yield stage. To tackle this problem, this study proposes a new analytical model to describe the bolt deformation and bolt contribution from elastic stage to plastic stage. The developed model is verified by available experimental direct shear tests of bolted joints and compared with existing models. Then, based on this model, the effects of the joint dilation angle, the bolt installation angle, the friction angle, and the surrounding material strength on bolt contribution are also analyzed and its implication is further discussed. Our results show that the proposed model can precisely describe the evolution of bolt contribution from elastic stage to plastic stage. Compared with surrounding material strength, the augmentation of the joint dilation angle and friction angle is more beneficial to increase the bolt contribution and the optimal installation angle. The work presented is to attempt to provide a reference for the understanding of bolting mechanism of jointed rock mass, the development of bolting theories and the practice of bolting engineering.
High-precision modeling of CNCs’ spatial errors based on screw theory
Authors: Chen Guohua , Zhang Lin , Wang Chao , Xiang Hua , Tong Guangqing , Zhao Dianzhang
Published: January 2022

A method for establishing machine tool’s spatial error model is put forward based on screw theory, which is different from the traditional error modeling method. By analyzing the position relationship between the ideal coordinate vector and the actual coordinate vector jointly affected by linear errors and angular errors, a single-axis screw conversion matrix error expression is brought up based on screw theory. Meanwhile, the comprehensive spatial error model of the CNC machine tool is derived by considering the influence of the workpiece motion chain and the tool motion chain on the model. Further, to compensating spatial errors of CNCs, such screw theory-based model is embedded in the error compensation system by means of integration of a few specific application examples. And in order to evaluate the compensation effects, an integrated evaluation method of quantitative spatial diagonal calculation and MATLAB simulation is proposed. Application results show that the screw theory-based spatial error model of tool has a very substantial compensation effect, which makes the position error of the machine tool decreased by about 80%.
Exploring spatiotemporal changes in the multi-granularity emotions of people in the city: a case study of Nanchang, China
Authors: Xiao Xin , Fang Chaoyang , Lin Hui , Liu Li , Tian Ya , He Qinghua
Published: January 2022

In the Internet age, emotions exist in cyberspace and geospatial space, and social media is the mapping from geospatial space to cyberspace. However, most previous studies pay less attention to the multidimensional and spatiotemporal characteristics of emotion. We obtained 211,526 Sina Weibo data with geographic locations and trained an emotion classification model by combining the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model and a convolutional neural network to calculate the emotional tendency of each Weibo. Then, the topic of the hot spots in Nanchang City was detected through a word shift graph, and the temporal and spatial change characteristics of the Weibo emotions were analyzed at the grid-scale. The results of our research show that Weibo’s overall emotion tendencies are mainly positive. The spatial distribution of the urban emotions is extremely uneven, and the hot spots of a single emotion are mainly distributed around the city. In general, the intensity of the temporal and spatial changes in emotions in the cities is relatively high. Specifically, from day to night, the city exhibits a pattern of high in the east and low in the west. From working days to weekends, the model exhibits a low center and a four-week high. These results reveal the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the Weibo emotions in the city and provide auxiliary support for analyzing the happiness of residents in the city and guiding urban management and planning.
The Solvability of Mixed Value Problem for the First and Second Approximations of One-Dimensional Nonlinear System of Moment Equations with Microscopic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Sakabekov Auzhan , Auzhani Yerkanat
Published: January 2022

The paper gives a derivation of a new one-dimensional non-stationary nonlinear system of moment equations, that depend on the flight velocity and the surface temperature of an aircraft. Maxwell microscopic condition is approximated for the distribution function on moving boundary, when one fraction of molecules reflected from the surface specular and another fraction diffusely with Maxwell distribution. Moreover, macroscopic boundary conditions for the moment system of equations depend on evenness or oddness of approximation $${f}_{k}(t,x,c)$$

f
k

(
t
,
x
,
c
)

, where $${f}_{k}(t,x,c)$$

f
k

(
t
,
x
,
c
)

is partial expansion sum of the molecules distribution function over eigenfunctions of linearized collision operator around local Maxwell distribution. The formulation of initial and boundary value problem for the system of moment equations in the first and second approximations is described. Existence and uniqueness of the solution for the above-mentioned problem using macroscopic boundary conditions in the space of functions $$C\left(\left[0,T\right];{L}^{2}\left[-a,a\right]\right)$$

C

0
,
T

;

L

2

-
a
,
a

are proved.
Experimental auction confirmation that social desirability bias does not predict willingness to pay for eco-labeled goods
Authors: Higgins Kieran , Longo Alberto , Hutchinson George
Published: January 2022

It is often assumed that consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for eco-labeled products in research settings is not because of a desire for environmental protection, but rather that they are socially compelled to make decisions that reflects favorably on them, limiting the validity of findings. Using a second-price Vickrey experimental auction, this study found higher WTP for an eco-labeled product than a comparable good, but that social desirability bias, measured by the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, was not a significant predictor of WTP. Instead, environmental consciousness, environmental knowledge, education, and available information were stronger predictors of WTP for eco-labeled goods.
The prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in water: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Naganathan Thivya , O'Connor Annette , Sargeant Jan M. , Shapiro Karen , Totton Sarah , Winder Charlotte , Greer Amy L.
Published: January 2022

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen that causes cyclosporiasis, a gastrointestinal disease in humans. The parasite is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions; however, its prevalence is largely dependent on environmental factors, such as climate and rainfall patterns. The objective of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of C. cayetanensis in water and to determine if geography, water source and other variables influence this prevalence. A literature search was performed using search terms relating to water and C. cayetanensis in MEDLINE®, CAB Direct, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Agricola databases and Environmental Science Index. Observational studies published in English after 1979 were eligible. Screening, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. A multi-level random-effects meta-analysis was completed to determine the prevalence of C. cayetanensis in water and subgroup meta-analyses were performed to explore between-study heterogeneity. The search identified 828 unique articles, and after the screening, 33 articles were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of C. cayetanensis in water was 6.90% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25%–13.05%, I2 = 84.38%]. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed significant differences in the prevalence between continents. Additionally, laboratory methods between studies were highly variable and these findings highlight the need for further environmental research on C. cayetanensis in water using detection methods that include PCR and sequencing to accurately identify the organism. The results of this study can be used to help assess the risk of waterborne cyclosporiasis.
On the Estimation of Internal Climate Variability During the Preindustrial Past Millennium
Authors: Mann Michael E. , Steinman Byron A. , Brouillette Daniel J. , Fernandez Alejandro , Miller Sonya K.
Published: January 2022

We use an ensemble of simulations of a coupled model (NCAR Community Earth System Model) driven by natural radiative forcing estimates over the pre‐industrial past millennium to test the efficacy of methods designed to remove forced variability from proxy‐based climate reconstructions and estimate residual internal variability (e.g., a putative “Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation”). Within the framework of these experiments, the forced component of surface temperature change can be estimated accurately from the ensemble mean, and the internal variability of each of the independent realizations can be accurately assessed by subtracting off that estimate. We show in this case, where the true internal variability is known, that regression‐based methods of removing the forced component from proxy reconstructions will, in the presence of uncertainties in the underlying natural radiative forcing, fail to yield accurate estimates thereof, incorrectly attributing unresolved forced features (and multidecadal spectral peaks associated with them) to internal variability.
Spatial Patterns of the Tropical Meridional Circulation: Drivers and Teleconnections
Authors: Galanti Eli , Raiter Dana , Kaspi Yohai , Tziperman Eli
Published: January 2022

The large‐scale Hadley circulation is a key element in the global heat and moisture transport. It is traditionally defined as the zonally averaged meridional circulation in the tropics, but was shown to have a strong longitudinal dependence, as seen in a decomposition of the three‐dimensional atmospheric flow into spatially dependent meridional and zonal circulations. Recent studies provided a useful analysis of the regional strengthening/weakening of the decomposed circulation but not its patterns. Here, we study the interannual variability of the longitudinally dependent meridional circulation (LMC), with a focus on its spatial patterns. We use hierarchical clustering to objectively determine the four main modes of the LMC interannual variability, and apply a Lagrangian air parcel tracking method to reveal the full circulation patterns. While El Niño and La Niña are found, as in previous studies, to play a role in setting these patterns, we find the patterns are not uniquely characterized by standard El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices (Nino3.4 or Southern Oscillation Index). Instead, ENSO flavors (i.e., East Pacific vs. Central Pacific) have different effects on the LMC. The most prominent interannual variability of the LMC is an east‐west shift. Latitudinal shifts, as well as contraction/expansion in both latitude and longitude are also identified. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that while a large fraction of the LMC variance is explained by Sea Surface Temperature, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation makes a nonnegligible independent contribution. The clustering patterns are also used to study the remote precipitation and surface air temperature teleconnections.
Structure-function relationships of the disease-linked A218T oxytocin receptor variant
Authors: Meyer Magdalena , Jurek Benjamin , Alfonso-Prieto Mercedes , Ribeiro Rui , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Winter Julia , Hoffmann Petra , Wetzel Christian H. , Giorgetti Alejandro , Carloni Paolo , Neumann Inga D.
Published: January 2022

Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been associated with behavioral traits, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other diseases. The non-synonymous SNP rs4686302 results in the OXTR variant A218T and has been linked to core characteristics of ASD, trait empathy and preterm birth. However, the molecular and intracellular mechanisms underlying those associations are still elusive. Here, we uncovered the molecular and intracellular consequences of this mutation that may affect the psychological or behavioral outcome of oxytocin (OXT)-treatment regimens in clinical studies, and provide a mechanistic explanation for an altered receptor function. We created two monoclonal HEK293 cell lines, stably expressing either the wild-type or A218T OXTR. We detected an increased OXTR protein stability, accompanied by a shift in Ca2+dynamics and reduced MAPK pathway activation in the A218T cells. Combined whole-genome and RNA sequencing analyses in OXT-treated cells revealed 7823 differentially regulated genes in A218T compared to wild-type cells, including 429 genes being associated with ASD. Furthermore, computational modeling provided a molecular basis for the observed change in OXTR stability suggesting that the OXTR mutation affects downstream events by altering receptor activation and signaling, in agreement with our in vitro results. In summary, our study provides the cellular mechanism that links the OXTR rs4686302 SNP with genetic dysregulations associated with aspects of ASD.
Low Incidence of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease in adults undergoing allogenic stem cell transplantation with prophylactic ursodiol and low-dose heparin
Authors: Stutz Lina , Halter Jörg P. , Heim Dominik , Passweg Jakob R. , Medinger Michael
Published: January 2022

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)/veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a complication after allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and outcome of SOS in patients after allo-HSCT with the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and low-dose heparin as SOS prophylaxis. Out of 1016 patients, 23 developed SOS, with a cumulative incidence of 2.3% (95% CI 1.3–3.3) 6 months after HSCT. Approximately one quarter of these patients (26.1%) had late-onset SOS. A high proportion were very severe SOS cases (74%), and 83% of the patients were treated with defibrotide (DF). In multivariate analysis, advanced disease (p = 0.003), previous HSCT (p = 0.025) and graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis by post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) (p = 0.055) were associated with the development of SOS. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in the SOS group compared to patients without SOS (13% versus 70%, p = 0.0001). In conclusion, we found a low incidence of SOS in patients receiving low-dose heparin and UDCA prophylactically, but among SOS patients, a high mortality. Low-dose heparin and UDCA might be a prophylactic approach for SOS.
Optical microfiber sensor for detection of Ni2+ ions based on ion imprinting technology
Authors: Yi Zhen , Liu Juan , Liu Bin , Guo Huiqin , Wu Qiang , Shi Jiulin , He Xingdao
Published: January 2022

A microfiber sensor detecting Ni2+ based on ion imprinting technology was fabricated and the sensor possessed high sensitivity, a low limit of detection and good regeneration.
Ultrasensitive detection of vitamin E by signal conversion combined with core-satellite structure-based plasmon coupling effect
Authors: Xu Keying , Li Jing , Han Qingyi , Zhang Dingding , Zhang Libing , Zhang Zhen , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: January 2022

A smart signal conversion and amplification strategy based on silver–gold–silica core-satellite structure nanoparticles to sensitively SERS detect vitamin E.
Dual keratinocyte-attachment and anti-inflammatory coatings for soft tissue sealing around transmucosal oral implants
Authors: Boda Sunil Kumar , Aparicio Conrado
Published: January 2022

A dual keratinocyte attachment cell adhesive peptides (CAPs) and anti-inflammatory conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) coating as a strategy for promoting soft tissue sealing around transmucosal implants.
Chromonic nematic liquid crystals in a room-temperature ionic liquid
Authors: Magana Jose Rodrigo , Pérez-Calm Adria , Rodriguez-Abreu Carlos
Published: January 2022

The formation of nematic chromonic liquid crystals in a room temperature ionic liquid is reported. These liquid crystals can be used as reaction media to produce nanostructured silica under mild biomimetic conditions.
Efficient linking of two epoxides using potassium thioacetate in water and its use in polymerization
Authors: Kishida Takanori , Shimada Tomio , Sugiyasu Kazunori
Published: January 2022

Two epoxides can be efficiently linked using potassium thioacetate in water even at their imbalanced stoichiometric ratios.
A new cycloaddition profile for ortho-quinone methides: photoredox-catalyzed [6+4] cycloadditions for synthesis of benzo[b]cyclopenta[e]oxepines
Authors: Tanaka Kenta , Asada Yosuke , Hoshino Yujiro
Published: January 2022

Visible-light-induced [6+4] cycloaddition reactions of ortho-quinone methides have been developed.
Sensitive electrochemiluminescence analysis of lung cancer marker miRNA-21 based on RAFT signal amplification
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Yu Shuaibing , Zhang Lianshun , Wang Lei , Kong Jinming , Li Lianzhi , Zhang Xueji
Published: January 2022

An electrochemiluminescence sensor based on surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) signal amplification.
Encapsulation of l-valine, d-leucine and d-methionine by cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Zhang Zeng-Hui , Lin Rui-Lian , Yu Xiang-Yun , Chen Li-Xia , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin , Wei Gang , Redshaw Carl , Liu Jing-Xin
Published: January 2022

The binding interactions of cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) with l-valine, d-leucine, and d-methionine, both in aqueous solution and solid state, have been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Designing luminescent diimine-Cu(i)–phosphine complexes by tuning N-ligand and counteranions: correlation of weak interactions, luminescence and THz absorption spectra
Authors: Sun Zhen-Zhou , Zhu Ning , Pan Xun , Hu Fu-Zhen , Wang Guo , Yang Yu-Ping , Qiu Qi-Ming , Li Zhong-Feng , Xin Xiu-Lan , Liu Jian-Ming , Li Xiao-Qi , Jin Qiong-Hua , Ren Zhi-Gang , Zhou Qing-Li
Published: January 2022

π–π stacking interactions and C–H⋯X (X = O, F) interactions formed by counteranions help to enhance the rigidity of these structures and further improve their luminescence quantum yields.
The influence of annealing conditions on the Ca/P ratio and phase transformations in bulk calcium phosphates
Authors: Griesiute Diana , Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene Eva , Kareiva Aivaras , Zarkov Aleksej
Published: January 2022

The study investigates the influence of annealing conditions on the Ca/P ratio and phase transformations in calcium phosphates. The evaporation of phosphates can be enforced until complete conversion of the bulk material.
Nontrivial topological defects of micro-rods immersed in nematics and their phototuning
Authors: Aya Satoshi , Kougo Junichi , Araoka Fumito , Haba Osamu , Yonetake Koichiro
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the experimental observation of nontrivial zigzag-like topology in many-body micro-rod systems, where photoresponsive surfaces can switch the topology. Simulation results are compared with the experimental ones.
Interconnected 3D carbon network with enhanced reaction kinetics and architecture stability for advanced potassium-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Yuan Fei , Zhang Di , Yu Qiyao , Li Zhaojin , Wang Qiujun , Wang Huan , Wu Yusheng , Wang Bo
Published: January 2022

N-doped amorphous porous carbon (marked as NPC) is synthesized. The resulting NPC has improved reaction kinetics and structure stability, and thus exhibits ultra-long cycling life, high-energy density, and power density.
The phonon scattering mechanism and its effect on the temperature dependent thermal and thermoelectric properties of a silver nanowire
Authors: He Gui-Cang , Shi Li-Na , Hua Yi-Lei , Zhu Xiao-Li
Published: January 2022

The Seebeck coefficient and figure of merit of a AgNW are greater than those of bulk silver, and these differences increase with temperature.
Measurement of time dependent product branching ratios indicates two-state reactivity in metal mediated chemical reactions
Authors: Lewis Tucker W. R. , Mastin Evan M. , Theis Zachry C. , Gutierrez Michael G. , Bellert Darrin J.
Published: January 2022

TSR is experimentally identified and kinetically characterized in metal mediated chemistry.
Tris(imidazolyl) dicopper(i) complex and its reactivity to exert the catalytic oxidation of sterically hindered phenol substratesviaa [Cu2O]2+core
Authors: Chen Chih-Yu , Tsai Ming-Li
Published: January 2022

The oxygenated binuclear Cu(ii) complex [Cu(μ-bimeta)3(μ-O)Cu]2+(1ox), generated from the reaction of tris(imidazolyl) dicopper(i) complex [Cu(μ-bimeta)3Cu]2+(1) with O2/PhIO, could perform catalytic oxidation of DTBP to yield TBOBF.
The photocatalytic NO-removal activity of g-C3N4 significantly enhanced by the synergistic effect of Pd0 nanoparticles and N vacancies
Authors: Geng Jiahao , Zhao Liaoliao , Wang Mengmeng , Dong Guohui , Ho Wingkei
Published: January 2022

Pd0 and N vacancy co-modified g-C3N4 displayed excellent NO-removal activity.
Nanoconfined anti-oxidizing RAFT nitroxide radical polymer for reduction of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and foam cell formation
Authors: Basak Suman , Khare Harshvardhan Ajay , Kempen Paul J. , Kamaly Nazila , Almdal Kristoffer
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Antiatheroscelerotic nitroxide nanoparticles effectively scavenge ROS and reduce the foam cell formation.
3D hierarchically porous magnetic molybdenum trioxide@gold nanospheres as a nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Achadu Ojodomo J. , Nwaji Njemuwa , Lee Dongkyu , Lee Jaebeom , Akinoglu Eser M. , Giersig Michael , Park Enoch Y.
Published: January 2022

A multifunctional 3D magnetic molybdenum trioxide@gold nanosphere is deployed as a plug and play biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteinsviaACE2-mediated immunocapture and magnetic-induced nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering (MINERS).