bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Berlin State Library/Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: A Library in Transition
Authors: Landwehrmeyer Richard
Published: August 2016

The division of Germany after the war led to the former Preussischer Staatsbibliothek (PSB) being split between the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek (DSB) in East Berlin and the Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz (SBPK) in West Berlin. Following the country's unification, the collections are being reunified in one institution, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, which will be the biggest library in Germany. Both buildings will continue to be used, since neither is large enough to hold the entire collection, both are architecturally significant, and a new building is out of the question. Reintegrating the post-war collections is much less of a problem than the treatment of post-war acquisitions of the two libraries. Large numbers of books (many of them lacking in other major Germany libraries) are duplicated, and it is difficult to achieve a sensible allocation of materials between the buildings. It has been decided to use the older building (DSB) for holdings up to 1955, for consultation only, while the other building (SBPK), which dates from 1978, will house material from 1956 and serve as a lending library. The catalogue sittuation is equally complex. The DSB had a complete record of the pre-war collection of printed books, but the major part of the collection was either in West Berlin or lost; on the other hand, in the west, where 1.7m. volumes of PSB's holdings were concentrated, the SBPK had to start without any catalogue at all. The aim is now to carry out a complete retrospective conversion of all the varied existing catalogues within the next seven years. To add to these complications, the entire older building is being restored to acceptable standards and the former central reading room is being reconstructed; during the lengthy process a storage building is having to be rented. The greatest challenge of all, however, is the integration of staff.
The National Library in an Electronic Age: Dinosaur or Catalyst?
Authors: Wainwright Eric
Published: August 2016

A key factor relating to the future of some national libraries is the future of the nation state itself. As some nations break up, we must expect some existing national libraries to face the prospect of fragmentation. All national libraries will have to be increasingly aware of the need to reflect the full range of cultures within their countries if they are to survive as nationally acceptable institutions. A second key factor is economic growth, which leads to more literate people, more publications to be collected, more libraries of other kinds, and the production of an increasing amount of public information. Continued economic growth depends on access to knowledge, but priorities need to be assessed. Recent technological developments are changing the basic nature of libraries, including national libraries. Three crucial current developments are the economic storage in electronic form of large amounts of text and images; national and global communication networks; and desktop publishing. Faced with these trends, national libraries, if they are to be successful over the longer term, must develop as agents of national identity and culture, as well as of national economic advance.
The Turkish National Library towards the Future
Authors: Büyüklimanli Gönül
Published: August 2016

Planning for the Turkish National Library (TNL) began in 1946, and the library was opened in 1948. It outgrew its first building, and in 1983 moved to a new one which contained several new facilities. Its main functions are to collect works produced in and relating to Turkey, to record them and produce bibliographies of them, to establish an information network in Turkey, and to perform a leadership role. The collection numbers 1,500,000 items, including non-book materials; the TNL has two thirds of all Turkish books published in the old script. Last year there were 222,000 users. The library's Bibliographical Institute issues monthly the national bibliography and a bibliography of articles in Turkish periodicals, as well as other bibliographies, and constructs union catalogues. Work on automation started in 1987, and the TNL's computer-based information system, with an OPAC (containing records of a third of the library's stock), information networks and various CD-ROMs, was opened to the public in 1993. Future projects include an online union catalogue of foreign language books, digitization of manuscripts and rare books, a conservation laboratory, and an improved automatic conveyor system. Main barriers to progress are the inadequacy of the Free Copy Act and insufficient numbers and quality of staff.
Modernization of the Russian State Library: A Long-Term Programme under the Auspices of UNESCO
Authors: Ershova Tatiana V.
Published: August 2016

Rapid and dramatic changes in the political situation have made a modernization programme imperative for the Russian State Library, the world's second largest library. With the active support of UNESCO, a consultant prepared a report on the library, and an International Commission of Experts was then set up to advise on a comprehensive modernization programme covering all aspects of the library, from buildings to the organizational structure, from collections to financial systems. Much importance is attached to staff training and development. With funding and other support from organizations in several countries as well as international bodies, and with the help of some individuals, progress has already been made, but much remains to be done.
National Libraries and Electronic Document Delivery
Authors: Heaney Henry
Published: August 2016

National libraries that have relied upon traditional methods of document delivery must prepare to re-establish themselves in the electronic age by forming two different kinds of partnership. In the short term, for monograph supply they should ally with major libraries, or consortia, sharing network facilities. For ‘journal’ articles in the long term they should join with the electronic publishers, both bringing market expertise and partnering telecommunications agencies capable of direct delivery to the researcher, bypassing traditional libraries.
A Newer World Information Order: Reaching for Greater Justice in the Global Flow of Information
Authors: Skreslet Paula Youngman
Published: August 2016

Critics have noted a heavy imbalance in the control of publishing and non-print media – in scholarship, art, commerce and journalism alike – favouring the industrialized nations. UNESCO's ‘New World Information Order’, launched in 1978, was an early attempt to adjust the imbalance. By the 1980s the problem was being acknowledged, even in the news industry. However, proponents of the New World Information Order were unable to envisage anything but a Soviet-style statist solution, and this led to the withdrawal from UNESCO of the US in 1984, followed by the UK, citing anti-Western bias. With the introduction of new, more powerful and intrusive media, the gap between information haves and have-nots is expected to widen. Some prospect for change is offered by the increasing influence in the world arena of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with information. NGOs such as IFLA and FID carry out many joint projects with UNESCO. A coalition of several such bodies will present a symposium in January 1997 on the economics of global information, with special reference to the Internet. Now that the future of unregulated capitalism to achieve a just information order has been widely acknowledged, and the statist solution has been discredited, library and information associations are turning to the NGO solution.
Improving National Bibliographic Control in Developing Countries: Requirements and Remedial Action
Authors: Lor Peter
Published: August 2016

Following a discussion of the concept of bibliographic control, the term ‘national bibliographic control’ is defined. As an aid to understanding and dealing with the problems that developing countries experience in attempting to exercise national bibliographic control, eight basic requirements for such control are formulated: (1) an organized book industry, (2) a designated national bibliographjc agency. (3) means of obtaining copies of materials that are published, (4) bibliographic standards, (5), creation of bibliographic records, (6) creation of a coherent listing or databases, (7) means of dissemination, and (8) clients. Possible remedial actions are discussed for each requirement.
Electronic Publications: An Agenda for National Libraries and Publishers
Authors: Haynes David
Published: August 2016

A questionnaire survey of national libraries and publishers of electronic materials and their representatives) was conducted in order to identify the most important issues about archiving electronic publications. The purpose of the project was to gain a consensus on what the agenda should be for future discussions between national libraries and publishers. The questionnaire survey was preceded by a consultation with members of a Joint Committee of the Federation of European Publishers and the Conference of European National Librarians. The main issues identified as being important by both groups were: Copyright, Terms of access (including payment systems) and Metadata. It was recommended that ‘Terms of access' should become the priority for future discussion by the Joint Committee. The other two issues are already being tackled in European Parliament and the standards bodies. Under ‘Terms of access’, there were concerns about who should have access to archived electronic materials, how widely it should be available and the number of simultaneous users permitted. Other issues such as downoading also need to be investigated. It was generally agreed that national libraries should be the main repository for electronic publications. There was also agreement that offline publications such as CD-ROM and diskettes should be archived, but no consensus was shown about online publications such as Internet sites.
Effectiveness of Allograft Reconstruction vs Tenodesis for Irreparable Peroneus Brevis Tears
Authors: Pellegrini Manuel J. , Glisson Richard R. , Matsumoto Takumi , Schiff Adam , Laver Lior , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Irreparable peroneus brevis tendon tears are uncommon, and there is scant evidence on which to base operative treatment. Options include tendon transfer, segmental resection with tenodesis to the peroneus longus tendon, and allograft reconstruction. However, the relative effectiveness of the latter 2 procedures in restoring peroneus brevis function has not been established.

Methods:

Custom-made strain gage–based tension transducers were implanted into the peroneus longus and brevis tendons near their distal insertions in 10 fresh-frozen cadaver feet. Axial load was applied to the foot, and the peroneal tendons and antagonistic tibialis anterior and posterior tendons were tensioned to 50% and 100% of physiologic load. Distal tendon tension was recorded in this normal condition and after sequential peroneus brevis-to-longus tenodesis and peroneus brevis allograft reconstruction. Measurements were made in 5 foot inversion/eversion and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion positions.

Results:

Distal peroneus brevis tendon tension after allograft reconstruction significantly exceeded that measured after tenodesis in all tested loading conditions ( P ≤ 0.022). With 50% of physiologic load applied, peroneus brevis tension was 1% to 28% of normal (depending on foot position) after tenodesis and 73% to 101% of normal after allograft reconstruction. Under the 100% loading condition, peroneus brevis tension was 6% to 43% of normal after tenodesis and 88% to 99% of normal after reconstruction with allograft. Distal peroneus longus tension remained within 20% of normal under all operative and loading conditions.

Conclusion:

Allograft reconstruction of a peroneus brevis tendon tear in this model substantially restored distal tension when the peroneal tendons and their antagonists were loaded to 50% and 100% of physiologic load. Tenodesis to the peroneus longus tendon did not effectively restore peroneus brevis tension under the tested conditions.

Clinical Relevance:

Because tenodesis was demonstrated to be ineffective for restoration of peroneus brevis function, this procedure may result in an imbalanced foot clinically.
Association of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions and atrophy with disability 5 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Brownlee WJ , Altmann DR , Alves Da Mota P , Swanton JK , Miszkiel KA , Wheeler-Kingshott CAM Gandini , Ciccarelli O , Miller DH
Published: August 2016

Background:

Spinal cord pathology is an important substrate for long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

To investigate longitudinal changes in spinal cord lesions and atrophy in patients with a non-spinal clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and how they relate to the development of disability.

Methods:

In all, 131 patients with a non-spinal CIS had brain and spinal cord imaging at the time of CIS and approximately 5 years later (median: 5.2 years, range: 3.0–7.9 years). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures consisted of T2-hyperintense and T1-hypointense lesion loads plus brain atrophy. Spinal cord MRI measures consisted of lesion number and the upper cervical cord cross-sectional area (UCCA). Disability was measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Multiple linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of disability after 5 years.

Results:

During follow-up, 93 (71%) patients were diagnosed with MS. Baseline spinal cord lesion number, change in cord lesion number and change in UCCA were independently associated with EDSS ( R2 = 0.53) at follow-up. Including brain T2 lesion load and brain atrophy only modestly increased the predictive power of the model ( R2 = 0.64).

Conclusion:

Asymptomatic spinal cord lesions and spinal cord atrophy contribute to the development of MS-related disability over the first 5 years after a non-spinal CIS.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided High-Intensity-Focused Ultrasound for Palliation of Painful Skeletal Metastases: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chan Michael , Dennis Kristopher , Huang Yuexi , Mougenot Charles , Chow Edward , DeAngelis Carlo , Coccagna Jennifer , Sahgal Arjun , Hynynen Kullervo , Czarnota Gregory , Chu William
Published: August 2016

Background:

Bone is one of the most common sites of metastases, with bone metastases-related pain representing a significant source of morbidity among patients with cancer. Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, outpatient modality with the potential for treating painful bone metastases. The aim of this study is to report our initial experience with magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of bone metastases and our preliminary analysis of urinary cytokine levels after therapy.

Methods:

This was a single-center pilot study of 10 patients with metastatic cancer to investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound for primary pain control in device-accessible skeletal metastases. Treatments were performed on a clinical magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound system using a volumetric ablation technique. Primary efficacy was assessed using Brief Pain Inventory scores and morphine equivalent daily dose intake at 3 time points: before, day 14, and day 30 after the magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound treatment. Urine cytokines were measured 3 days before treatment and 2 days after the treatment.

Results:

Of the 10 patients, 8 were followed up 14 days and 6 were followed up 30 days after the treatment. At day 14, 3 patients (37.5%) exhibited partial pain response and 4 patients (50%) exhibited an indeterminate response, and at day 30 after the treatment, 5 patients (83%) exhibited partial pain response. No treatment-related adverse events were recorded. Of the urine cytokines measured, only Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) demonstrated an overall decrease, with a trend toward statistical significance ( P = .078).

Conclusion:

Our study corroborates magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound as a feasible and safe modality as a primary, palliative treatment for painful bone metastases and contributes to the limited body of literature using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound for this clinical indication.
Original Research: miR-194 inhibits proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis by targeting KDM5B in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Cui Guanghui , Liu Donglei , Li Weihao , Li Yuhang , Liang Youguang , Shi Wensong , Zhao Song
Published: August 2016

Increasing evidence suggests that miR-194 is down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissue. However, the role and underlying mechanism of miR-194 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have not been well defined. We used DIANA, TargetScan and miRanda to perform target prediction analysis and found KDM5B is a potential target of miR-194. Based on these findings, we speculated that miR-194 might play a role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development and progression by regulation the expression of KDM5B. We detected the expression of miR-194 and KDM5B by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays, respectively, and found down-regulation of miR-194 and up-regulation of KDM5B existed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. By detecting proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of TE6 and TE14 cells transfected with miR-194 mimics or mimic control, miR-194 was found to inhibit proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. miR-194 was further verified to regulate proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by directly targeting KDM5B. Furthermore, animal studies were performed and showed that overexpression of miR-194 inhibited the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumors in vivo. These results confirmed our speculation that miR-194 targets KDM5B to inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development and progression. These findings offer new clues for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development and progression and novel potential therapeutic targets for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Introduction to Special 10th Anniversary Issue of Feminist Criminology
Authors: Chancer Lynn S.
Published: August 2016

Both the panel and the special issue that now ensues were inspired by an impulse to step back—approximately one half-century after second-wave feminism burst onto the scene in the 1960s and 1970, leading thereafter to the evolution of diverse and important feminism(s)—so as to evaluate where, within the academic discipline of criminology, the gender revolution has led.
Spontaneous obliteration of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula associated with fibromuscular dysplasia after partial surgery: A case report
Authors: Iampreechakul Prasert , Siriwimonmas Somkiet
Published: August 2016

We describe a patient with spontaneous obliteration of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VAVF) associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) after partial surgery. A 52-year-old hypertensive female woke up one morning with left shoulder pain and weakness of the left upper extremity. A few days later, she developed left-sided audible bruit. She was treated for left frozen shoulder and supportive treatment for audible bruit for four years. She was referred from her general physician to a neurosurgeon because of left arm weakness. Physical examination showed signs of cervical radiculomyelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an extradural mass on the left side of the cervical spinal canal from level C2 to C6. Provisional diagnosis was epidural vascular tumour. Laminectomy and partial removal of the mass was performed at level C5 to C6. Pathological report revealed suspected vascular malformation. Postoperative MRI showed thrombosed epidural vascular structure. Angiography showed dysplastic changes of both vertebral arteries representing FMD with VAVF of the left vertebral artery at level C1–C2. Two years after surgery, follow-up MRI demonstrated complete spontaneous resolution of the large thrombosed epidural vein. Disappearance of her audible bruit immediately after surgery and gradual improvement of her cervical radiculomyelopathy were observed after two years of clinical follow-up. From the literature, we found another 11 patients with 12 VAVFs who had spontaneous obliteration or cure of their fistulas. In the present case, spontaneous obliteration of the fistula seems to correlate with surgery inducing closure of the epidural venous exit leading to thrombosis of the enlarged epidural draining vein.
Digital Forms of Dating Violence
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Walrave Michel , Ponnet Koen , Temple Jeff R.
Published: August 2016

A substantial amount of U.S. teenagers experience physical or sexual abuse within their romantic relationship. With recent technological advances, teenage dating violence can also be perpetrated digitally by harassing or controlling a romantic partner through the Internet or mobile phone. School nurses are naturally positioned to act as first responders for victims of an abusive romantic relationship. As online and offline forms of dating violence are often intertwined, it is imperative that school nurses are able to identify different types of digital dating violence as this could signal the presence of offline forms of dating abuse. Therefore, being able to interpret potential warning signs could help school nurses to play an active role in prevention and intervention of different types of dating violence. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent research on the context and consequences of cyber dating abuse and outline several suggestions for prevention and intervention.
Cytoprotective autophagy maintains leukemia-initiating cells in murine myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sumitomo Yoshiki , Koya Junji , Nakazaki Kumi , Kataoka Keisuke , Tsuruta-Kishino Takako , Morita Ken , Sato Tomohiko , Kurokawa Mineo
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Autophagy is required for maintenance of AML-initiating cells and peripheral myeloblast survival. Loss of autophagy potentiates the therapeutic effects of AraC in vivo.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells suppress hypertrophic scar fibrosis via the p38/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Wei , Gao Jianxin , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Hongtao , Li Jun , Yang Xuekang , He Ting , Guan Hao , Zheng Zhao , Han Shichao , Dong Maolong , Han Juntao , Shi Jihong , Hu Dahai
Published: August 2016

Background

Hypertrophic scars (HS) generally occur after injury to the deep layers of the dermis, resulting in functional deficiency for patients. Growing evidence has been identified that the supernatant of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) significantly ameliorates fibrosis of different tissues, but limited attention has been paid to its efficacy on attenuating skin fibrosis. In this study, we explored the effect and possible mechanism of ADSC-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on HS.

Method

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of collagen I (Col1), collagen III (Col3), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after fibroblasts and cultured HS tissues were stimulated with ADSC-CM and p38 inhibitor/activator. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to test the expression of α-SMA. Masson’s trichrome staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry staining were carried out to assess the histological and pathological change of collagen in the BALB/c mouse excisional model. All data were analyzed by using SPSS17.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t tests.

Results

The in vitro and ex vivo study revealed ADSC-CM decreased the expression of Col1, Col3, and α-SMA. Together, thinner and orderly arranged collagen was manifested in HS tissues cultured with ADSC-CM. Dramatically, the assessed morphology showed an accelerated healing rate, less collagen deposition, and col1- and col3-positive cells in the ADSC-CM treated group. Importantly, the protein level of p-p38 was downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in HS-derived fibroblasts with ADSC-CM treatment, which further decreased the expression of p-p38 after the application of its inhibitor, SB203580. SB203580 led to an obvious decline in the expression of Col1, Col3, and α-SMA in fibroblasts and cultured HS tissues and presented more ordered arrangement and thinner collagen fibers in BALB/c mice. Lastly, anisomycin, an agonist of p38, upregulated the expression of fibrotic proteins and revealed more disordered structure and denser collagen fibers.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that ADSC-CM could decrease collagen deposition and scar formation in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The regulation of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway played an important role in the process. The application of ADSC-CM may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HS treatment, and the anti-scarring effect can be achieved by inhibition of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway.
Therapeutic effects of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on murine contact hypersensitivity via prostaglandin E2–EP3 signaling
Authors: Li Pei , Zhao Yuming , Ge Lihong
Published: August 2016

Background

The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) have been demonstrated in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models; however, their therapeutic effect during the late phase of CHS has been poor.

Methods

The murine CHS model was induced by applying oxazolone to the ears of mice. Mesenchymal stromal cells were applied via two methods (intravenous or local injection) at three time points: 1 day before sensitization, 1 day before challenge, or 1 h after challenge. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and sulprostone were administered subcutaneously 1 h after challenge.

Results

The application of GMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells all effectively suppressed CHS; however, GMSC treatment exhibited the greatest efficacy. Local injection of GMSCs led to a more marked attenuation of CHS compared with intravenous injection, especially during the late phase of CHS, and this manifested as decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, suppression of the levels of various proinflammatory cytokines, reconstruction of the disrupted Th1/Th2 balance, and upregulation of regulatory T cells in the allergen contact areas. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly abrogated the GMSC-mediated immunosuppressive effects, while PGE2 application reversed the effects of indomethacin pretreatment of GMSCs. Moreover, GMSC administration promoted the expression of EP3, a prostaglandin E receptor, and the application of sulprostone, an agonist of EP3, significantly attenuated CHS to a similar degree as that of GMSC administration.

Conclusions

GMSCs have reproducible and powerful immunomodulatory functions. Local injection of GMSCs is the superior mode for therapeutic application. PGE2–EP3 signaling plays an important role in the immunomodulatory functions of GMSCs in murine CHS.
Transcriptome of the Caribbean stony coral Porites astreoides from three developmental stages
Authors: Mansour Tamer A , Rosenthal Joshua J C , Brown C Titus , Roberson Loretta M
Published: August 2016

Background

Porites astreoides is a ubiquitous species of coral on modern Caribbean reefs that is resistant to increasing temperatures, overfishing, and other anthropogenic impacts that have threatened most other coral species. We assembled and annotated a transcriptome from this coral using Illumina sequences from three different developmental stages collected over several years: free-swimming larvae, newly settled larvae, and adults (>10 cm in diameter). This resource will aid understanding of coral calcification, larval settlement, and host–symbiont interactions.

Findings

A de novo transcriptome for the P. astreoides holobiont (coral plus algal symbiont) was assembled using 594 Mbp of raw Illumina sequencing data generated from five age-specific cDNA libraries. The new transcriptome consists of 867 255 transcript elements with an average length of 685 bases. The isolated P. astreoides assembly consists of 129 718 transcript elements with an average length of 811 bases, and the isolated Symbiodinium sp. assembly had 186 177 transcript elements with an average length of 1105 bases.

Conclusions

This contribution to coral transcriptome data provides a valuable resource for researchers studying the ontogeny of gene expression patterns within both the coral and its dinoflagellate symbiont.
Direct photo-patterning on anthracene containing polymer for guiding stem cell adhesion
Authors: You Jungmok , Heo June Seok , Kim Hyun Ok , Kim Eunkyoung
Published: August 2016

Background

Various micropatterned surfaces capable of guiding the selective adhesion of biomolecules such as proteins and cells are of great interests in biosensor, diagnostics, drug screening, and tissue engineering. In this study, we described a simple photo-patterning method to prepare micro-patterned films for stem cell patterning using anthracene containing polymers (PMAn). This micro patterned polymer film was prepared by the facile photo-reaction of anthracene units in polymer backbone structure.

Results

The UV irradiation of PMAn through a photomask resulted in the quenching of fluorescent intensity as well as the changes in surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surface. As a result, UV exposed regions of PMAn film show lower fluorescent intensity as well as higher proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than unexposed region of PMAn film. Furthermore, the selective MSC attachment was clearly observed in the UV exposed regions of PMAn film.

Conclusion

We developed a simple cell patterning method with a fluorescent, biocompatible, and patternable polymer film containing anthracene units. This method provides a facile stem cell patterning method and could be extended to various patterning of biomaterials without labor-intensive preparation and no pre-treatment for complex interactions of cell-microenvironment.
The design of optimized broadband vibroseis sweeps
Authors: Dean Timothy , Quigley John , MacDonald Scott , Readman Colin
Published: August 2016

There is currently much work being done to improve the low-frequency content of land vibroseis data. Although techniques exist for designing sweeps that can extend the bandwidth down to as low as 1 Hz, the inclusion of these frequencies comes at considerable cost, either in the time taken to acquire a sweep or in the reduction of the total sweep energy. We describe the limitations on vibrator performance and how those limitations can be overcome using specialized sweep-design techniques. Perhaps more importantly, we describe how such sweeps can be optimized in terms of maximizing their energy content and verifying their performance.
SAS Focus
Authors: Hanna Marian , Racette Jim
Published: August 2016

The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (CSEG) is a chartered section of SEG headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
The role of acroblast formation duringDrosophilaspermatogenesis
Authors: Fári Karolina , Takács Sándor , Ungár Dániel , Sinka Rita
Published: August 2016

Protein recycling is important for maintaining homeostasis of the Golgi and its cisternae. The Vps54 (Scat) protein, a subunit of the GARP tethering complex, is a central factor in retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi. We found the scat1 mutant to be male sterile in Drosophila with individualization problems occurring during spermatogenesis. Another typically observed phenotype was the abnormal nuclear structure in elongated mutant cysts. When examining the structure and function of the Golgi, a failure in acrosome formation and endosome-Golgi vesicular transport were found in the scat1 mutant. This acrosome formation defect was due to a fault in the trans-Golgi side of the acroblast ribbon. When testing a mutation in a second retrograde transport protein, Fws, a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) tethering complex, the acroblast structure, was again disrupted. fwsP caused a similar, albeit milder, acrosome and sperm individualization phenotype as the scat1 mutant. In the case of fwsP the cis side of the acroblast ribbon was dispersed, in-line with the intra-Golgi retrograde function of COG. Our results highlight the importance of an intact acroblast for acrosome formation, nuclear elongation and therefore sperm maturation. Moreover, these results suggest the importance of retrograde tethering complexes in the formation of a functional Golgi ribbon.
Direct lineage reprogramming via pioneer factors; a detour through developmental gene regulatory networks
Authors: Morris Samantha A.
Published: August 2016

Although many approaches have been employed to generate defined fate in vitro, the resultant cells often appear developmentally immature or incompletely specified, limiting their utility. Growing evidence suggests that current methods of direct lineage conversion may rely on the transition through a developmental intermediate. Here, I hypothesize that complete conversion between cell fates is more probable and feasible via reversion to a developmentally immature state. I posit that this is due to the role of pioneer transcription factors in engaging silent, unmarked chromatin and activating hierarchical gene regulatory networks responsible for embryonic patterning. Understanding these developmental contexts will be essential for the precise engineering of cell identity.
The Preference for Belief Consonance
Authors: Golman Russell , Loewenstein George , Moene Karl Ove , Zarri Luca
Published: August 2016

We consider the determinants and consequences of a source of utility that has received limited attention from economists: people's desire for the beliefs of other people to align with their own. We relate this ‘preference for belief consonance’ to a variety of other constructs that have been explored by economists, including identity, ideology, homophily, and fellow-feeling. We review different possible explanations for why people care about others' beliefs and propose that the preference for belief consonance leads to a range of disparate phenomena, including motivated belief-formation, proselytizing, selective exposure to media, avoidance of conversational minefields, pluralistic ignorance, belief-driven clustering, intergroup belief polarization, and conflict. We also discuss an explanation for why disputes are often so intense between groups whose beliefs are, by external observers' standards, highly similar to one-another.
Accountability in US Education: Applying Lessons from K–12 Experience to Higher Education
Authors: Deming David J. , Figlio David
Published: August 2016

A new push for accountability has become an increasingly important feature of education policy in the United States and throughout the world. Broadly speaking, accountability seeks to hold educational institutions responsible for student outcome using tools ranging from performance “report cards” to explicit rewards and sanctions. We survey the well-developed empirical literature on accountability in K–12 education and consider what lessons we can learn for the design and impact of college ratings. Our bottom line is that accountability works, but rarely as well as one would hope, and often not entirely in the ways that were intended. Research on K–12 accountability offers some hope but also a number of cautionary tales.
Biomedical Mutation Analysis (BMA): A software tool for analyzing mutations associated with antiviral resistance
Authors: Salvatierra Karina , Florez Hector
Published: August 2016

Introduction:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered a major public health problem, with 200 million people infected worldwide. The treatment for HCV chronic infection with pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin inhibitors is unspecific; consequently, the treatment is effective in only 50% of patients infected. This has prompted the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) that target virus proteins. These DAA have demonstrated a potent effectin vitroandin vivo; however, virus mutations associated with the development of resistance have been described.

Objective: To design and develop an online information system for detecting mutations in amino acids known to be implicated in resistance to DAA.

Materials and methods:    We have used computer applications, technological tools, standard languages, infrastructure systems and algorithms, to analyze positions associated with resistance to DAA for the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B genes of HCV.

Results: We have designed and developed an online information system named Biomedical Mutation Analysis (BMA), which allows users to calculate changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences for each selected sequence from conventional Sanger and cloning sequencing using a graphical interface.

Conclusion: BMA quickly, easily and effectively analyzes mutations, including complete documentation and examples. Furthermore, the development of different visualization techniques allows proper interpretation and understanding of the results.

The data obtained using BMA will be useful for the assessment and surveillance of HCV resistance to new antivirals, and for the treatment regimens by selecting those DAA to which the virus is not resistant, avoiding unnecessary treatment failures. The software is available at:http://bma.itiud.org.
Standardization of Process Formation of Accounting Information
Authors: Корабельникова  , Korabelnikova Lyudmila
Published: August 2016

Th e article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of accounting information by synthesizing the

theory of the formation of accounting information and quality management theory by determining the composition of

the internal standards of the economic entity in the context of the stages of registration process and their linking with the

generated qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
Study of kinetic performance effect on wheel and rail wear using computer simulation
Authors: Evelson Lev I. , Pamfilov Evgeny A. , Tsygankov Alexander G. , Shiryaeva Ludmila I.
Published: August 2016

The study object is a “wheel - rail” system. The subject is the computer simulation of the system elements wear. The work objective is to investigate the wheel and rail wear dependence on the kinetic performance parameters. The problems solved here are analysis of the earlier proposed mathematical functions describing the kinetic performance for the presence of extremes, the functional behavior (growth, decrease, monotonicity, and unimodality, etc.) in various parameter ranges; implementation of the computer simulation of the wheelpair movement by rail with the quantitative estimation of the wheel and rail wear with various kinetic performance parameters; to determine qualitative influence patterns of the kinetic wear performance. The simulation is fulfilled by the software package “Universal Mechanism”. As a result, values of various characteristics related to wear (power, total and specific friction work) under different conditions of the kinetic friction performance are obtained. The conclusions are as follows. The kinetic friction performance parameters must be considered as they can significantly affect the wear within the range of the actual operating conditions in the course of the computer simulation. Under some conditions, there are cases when an increase in the friction coefficient is accompanied by a decrease in depreciation. It is proposed to continue the research in two main areas: determining the influence patterns on the kinetic friction performance and wear of the multiple actual factors, and studying the dynamic (at variable slip velocity) feature of friction effect on the parameter wear through the same procedure.
Modeling of water rising in systems of cylindrical capillaries of different radii
Authors: Kipnis Iosif A. , Vernigorov Yury M.
Published: August 2016

The promotion of water in the systems of cylindrical capillaries is studied in detail. A mathematical model of the water movement in both symmetric and asymmetric capillaries connected to a vertical capillary is built. In this case, the radii of both vertical and angled capillaries are considered identical. General properties of the water movement in branching capillaries are determined on the basis of the mathematical model. In particular, the greatest promotion of water occurs in the lower level of the capillaries. It is found that the shape of plants depends on the presence of capillary systems in them. However, the capillary systems of various parts of the plants differ in radii. For example, the diameter of the central capillary of a leaf is larger than that of the capillaries in the lamina. The patterns of water movement in the branching capillary systems with capillaries of different radii are considered. An expression for calculating the critical vertical capillary height at which water does not come from the vertical capillary to the inclined capillaries is obtained. It is shown that under certain conditions, the height of water in a vertical capillary can twofold exceed the height of water in a single vertical capillary of the same radius.
Actual Problems of Recording in Accounting and Financial Reporting of Insurance Companies of the Amounts of Refunds of Insurance Premiums
Authors: Пальгуева  , Palgueva T.
Published: August 2016

The paper deals with the recording in the accounting and fi nancial reporting of insurance companies of amount of the refund of premiums in the context of ongoing changes in the Russian legislation. Th e author’s approach to the order of their recording in the financial statements in order to improve its quality and prevent potential reporting data manipulation is off ered.
Report from the "What is Publishing?" (1) Workgroup
Authors: Brand Amy , Butcher James , Buzzi Meg , Fitzpatrick Kathleen , Gabriel Ann , Mulligan Rikk , Siegel Vivian , Spitzer Matt , Vernon Jamie
Published: August 2016

The mechanisms used for scholarly publishing have remained largely unchanged over time, even as we’ve moved from a print-based world to a digital world. The scholarly communication ecosystem, however, is now undergoing a period of rapid transformation, including the introduction of new actors, new services, and increased pressure to improve the means of scholarly communication in order to meet the growing expectations of an information-rich world. Where to begin? The first question is to ask how scholarly publishing can provide the greatest benefit to global society in a sustainable way. Our two-day conversation about this question led us to the conclusion that the “black box,” monolithic model of scholarly publishing no longer serves most researchers. The most sustainable approach that best responds to the needs of authors and researchers today, and that may also pose the least amount of risk in completely disrupting the system, is disaggregated services—unbundling the products and services that publishers currently provide and letting market forces drive the development of, and demand for, a new and improved à la carte world of knowledge artifacts and knowledge management tools.OSI2016 Workshop QuestionWhat do we mean by publishing in today’s world? What should be the goals of scholarly publishing? What are the ideals to which scholarly publishing should aspire? What roles might scholarly publishers have in the future? What scenarios exist where publishers continue to play a vital role but information moves more freely? What impact might these reforms have on the health of publishers? Scholarly societies? Science research? Why?
Evolving Open Solutions (2)
Authors: Billings Marilyn , Bobley Brett , McCollough Aaron , Mudditt Alison , Naim Kamran , Pinter Frances , Price Richard , Roche Tony , Sprio Lisa , Vandegrift Micah
Published: August 2016

Are the scholarly publishing tools we’re using today still the right ones? Is the monograph still the best format in the humanities? Is the journal article still best in STM? These products can be difficult to produce and edit, nearly impenetrable to read, and—as in the case of clinical research information—they aren’t necessarily the best-suited formats for capturing every piece of necessary information (like protocols and datasets in medical research) and showing how this information is all connected to other scholarship. What other formats and options are being considered or used? What are the prospects of change? How about the stakeholder universe itself? How are roles, responsibilities and expectations changing (and where might they end up)? Are we “settling” on half-measures or on the best possible solutions?
What Causes Care Coordination Problems? A Case for Microanalysis
Authors: Zachary Wayne , Maulitz Russell Charles , Zachary Drew A.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Care coordination (CC) is an important fulcrum for pursuing a range
of health care goals. Current research and policy analyses have focused on aggregated
data rather than on understanding what happens within individual cases. At the case
level, CC emerges as a complex network of communications among providers over time,
crossing and recrossing many organizational boundaries. Micro-level analysis is needed
to understand where and how CC fails, as well as to identify best practices and root
causes of problems.Coordination Process Diagramming: Coordination Process Diagramming
(CPD) is a new framework for representing and analyzing CC arcs at the micro level,
separating an arc into its participants and roles, communication structure,
organizational structures, and transitions of care, all on a common time
line.Conclusion: Comparative CPD analysis across a sample of CC arcs identifies common
CC problems and potential root causes, showing the potential value of the framework. The
analyses also suggest intervention strategies that could be applied to attack the root
causes of CC problems, including organizational changes, education and training, and
additional health information technology development.
Atividades ocupacionais com sentido e valoração da vida em centenários
Authors: Lima Margarida Pedroso de , Portugal Patrícia , Ribeiro Oscar
Published: August 2016

Nas últimas décadas tem-se assistido à proliferação internacional de estudos sobre centenários, seguindo a tendência de aumento deste grupo etário nos países industrializados. Integrado no projeto PT100 – Estudo dos Centenários do Porto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar padrões ocupacionais de pessoas com cem e mais anos e a sua relação com a valoração e sentido de vida. A amostra é constituída por idosos com idades entre os 100 e os 105 anos (M = 100.93 anos; DP = 1.43) e foi avaliada em vários tipos de atividades através do Questionário Aumentado de Atividades do Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS) (Jopp & Hertzog, 2010) e do Questionário de Avaliação Funcional Multidimensional de Idosos (OARS) (Rodrigues, 2008). Para a valoração da vida foi aplicada a Valuation of Life Scale (VOL) (Lawton et al., 2001). Os resultados apontam para a centralidade de atividades religiosas/espirituais que reforçam a importância dos sentidos existenciais na longevidade avançada.