bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of novel solitary wave solutions with unveiling bifurcation and chaotic structure modelled by stochastic dynamical system
Authors: Alazman Ibtehal , Narayan Mishra Manvendra , Alkahtani Badr Saad T. , Rahman Mati ur
Published: December 2024

In this study, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the novel characteristics of the (2 + 1)-dimensional stochastic Hirota–Maccari System (SHMS), which is a prominent mathematical model with significant applications in the field of nonlinear science and applied mathematics. Specifically, SHMS plays a critical role in the study of soliton dynamics, nonlinear wave propagation, and stochastic effects in complex physical systems such as fluid dynamics, optics, and plasma physics. In order to account for the abrupt and significant fluctuation, the aforementioned system is investigated using a Wiener process with multiplicative noise in the Itô sense. The considered equation is studied by the new extended direct algebraic method (NEDAM) and the modified Sardar sub-equation (MSSE) method. By solving this equation, we systematically derived the novel soliton solutions in the form of dark, dark-bright, bright-dark, singular, periodic, exponential, and rational forms. Additionally, we also categorize and analyze the W-shape, M-shape, bell shape, exponential, and hyperbolic soliton wave solutions, which are not documented by researchers. The bifurcation, chaos and sensitivity analysis has been depicted which represent the applicability of the system in different dynamics. These findings greatly advance our knowledge of nonlinear wave events in higher-dimensional stochastic systems both theoretically and in terms of possible applications. These findings are poised to open new avenues for future research into the applicability of stochastic nonlinear models in various scientific and industrial domains.
O papel da instrução explícita de pronúncia na produção das consoantes /s/ e /z/ por aprendizes hispanofalantes de Português Brasileiro
Authors: Horvath de Andrade Raquel , Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel
Published: December 2024

Este estudo experimental visa a analisar os efeitos de uma prática de instrução de pronúncia a partir das produções de hispanofalantes aprendizes de Português como Língua Adicional. Em uma oficina de pronúncia, os participantes do Grupo Experimental (n = 7) foram instruídos sobre as fricativas /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ e /ʒ/ em posição inicial de sílaba, sendo que as duas primeiras constituíram o objeto de análise deste trabalho. O Grupo Controle (n = 10), por sua vez, não recebeu instrução de pronúncia durante o período de coleta. O desenvolvimento do grau de vozeamento ao longo das fricativas /s/ e /z/ foi verificado a partir de dados coletados nas etapas de pré-teste, pós-teste imediato e pós-teste postergado (realizado um mês após o pós-teste imediato). Os resultados mostraram que o Grupo Experimental apresentou aumento no vozeamento (em /s/ e em /z/) após a instrução de pronúncia, enquanto o Grupo Controle se manteve estável.
Coletivo Afro Didá e Samba-reggae: instrumentos da contracultura
Authors: Sanca Marciano
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo reflete sobre a trajetória de como vem sendo formado os coletivos/blocos afros, em particular, Didá na Bahia, das suas ligações com a religiosidade, mundo ancestrais. Além disso, aborda os coletivos, assim como ritmo musical, samba-reggae como instrumento políticos, artísticos, culturais, educativos que permite a mudança dos paradigmas. Fazendo movimento da contracultura, possibilitando que a comunidade negra do centro histórico de Salvador e demais comunidades estendesse as suas fronteiras, relacionando com as outras culturas e povos. Se fazendo presente nos espaços públicos, isto é, mudança da periferia para centro. Assim, as músicas costuradas nesses coletivos vêm criando espaços para emissão das vozes que historicamente foram silenciados possam ser ouvidas, criando assim impacto no processo da reconstrução da identidade sociocultural negra. O trabalho consiste em compreender o processo da formação sócio-histórica e cultural dos coletivos afros em Salvador como instrumento da luta e da resistência, dos seus impactos na comunidade. O estudo é da abordagem etnográfica, sob levantamento histórico bibliográfico da formação dos blocos afros e da Didá em Salvador, por meio de pesquisa de campo e da realização das entrevistas.
КОГНИТИВНЫЙ ОПЫТ КОРПУСКУЛЯРНОЙ ОПТИКИ
Authors: С.Б. БОНДАРЕНКО
Published: December 2024

В статье выделяются и анализируются четыре основных направления развития корпускулярной оптики: Демокрита - Гассенди, Анаксагора - Гоббса, Филолая - Декарта и Ньютона. Дается гносеологическая оценка когнитивных возможностей корпускулярных теорий света.

The article identifies and examines four main directions in the development of corpuscular optics: those of Democritus-Gassendi, Anaxagoras-Hobbes, Philolaus-Descartes and Newton. It provides an epistemological assessment of the cognitive capabilities of corpuscular theories of light.
Soviet policy of agrarian depletion of Ukraine: the 1946–1947 famine
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Tkachenko Juliia
Published: December 2024

In the conditions of war, the issue of food security of the population is urgent and important. Ukrainian historical experience contains dramatic pages of post-war famine. It is necessary to analyze the reasons and actions that caused it in order to avoid such a social catastrophe.
The object of the study is the economy of Ukraine after the end of the Second World War. The subject of the study is the reasons, political and economic determinants and consequences of the famine of 1946–1947. The purpose of the article is to identify the economic reasons of the famine based on a comprehensive analysis of the events that took place on the eve of and during 1946–1947. Methodological approaches are determined by the content of the article and are based on interdisciplinary techniques. The research methods of economic history, demography, social psychology and the corresponding categorical apparatus are used.
First, the prerequisites for the emergence of famine are considered, namely the consequences of the Second World War for the Ukrainian economy and the weather and climate conditions of that period. In the second part of the article, the main events and reasons that led to the emergence of famine after the Second World War are given directly. The third part is dedicated to revealing the short- and long-term consequences of the famine of 1946–1947.
In the results, it is determined that economic policy measures caused the transformation of the food crisis into a humanitarian disaster. Objective prerequisites and political and economic causes of famine are distinguished.
O conceito de justiça distributiva em Marx e as formas de sua realização na História
Authors: Rocha Costa Antônio Carlos
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisa, com base no método hegeliano de análise lógica de processos históricos, o conceito de justiça distributiva e as diferentes formas de sua realização na história, conforme propostos por Marx na Crítica do Programa de Gotha. Inicialmente, o artigo apresenta o referido método hegeliano. Depois, o artigo expõe o conceito marxiano de justiça distributiva. A seguir, o artigo examina, nos termos daquele método, as formas históricas de realização do conceito de justiça distributiva identificadas e caracterizadas por Marx. Finalmente, o artigo considera as consequências práticas dessa análise para toda ação política que visa deliberadamente à transformação de alguma dessas formas históricas.
Development of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) beverages: Roasting effects and safety
Authors: Pugliese A. , Kakisu E.
Published: December 2024

The aims of this study were to formulate 2% and 3% (w/v) hemp seed beverages and to evaluate chemical composition, colloidal stability, safety, and sensory profiles after roasting the seeds (150 °C, 15 min). Beverages with 2% and 3% roasted hemp seeds evidenced acceptable sensory attributes and nutritious profile, containing 0.6–1% protein, 0.4–0.6% dietary fibre, and 0.5–0.8% lipids –mainly unsaturated fatty acids–, respectively. The roasting treatment significantly increased the phenolic content by 49–55% and the antioxidant capacity by 15%, and improved the sensory attributes of the beverages. Low peroxide levels (<1 meq O2/kg) in roasted hemp seed beverages were detected up to five days in cold storage, with better capacity against oxidation at 2% seed content. The use of 0.03% gellan gum improved the physical stability of suspensions contributing to their overall acceptability. Roasted hemp seed beverages showed no cannabinoid and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. The advantages observed after roasting the seeds on phenolic content, antioxidant activity, sensorial acceptability and safety provided better attributes for the feasibility of beverages formulated with hemp seeds. The results showed a formulation suitable for the development of potential industrial roasted hemp seeds beverages with promising compositional profiles.
Mesterséges intelligencián alapuló szervkontúrozó szoftverek alkalmazása és eredményeinek összehasonlítása sugárterápiás besugárzástervezés során
Authors: Bungyi Gergely , Pócza Tamás , Zongor Ágnes , Takácsi-Nagy Zoltán , Major Tibor
Published: December 2024

Bevezetés: Daganatos betegek sugárterápiás kezelésének első
lépése a besugárzástervezés, melynek során CT-képsorozatokon kell a
céltérfogatot (daganatot) és a védendő szerveket körberajzolni. Ezt a folyamatot
kontúrozásnak vagy szegmentálásnak hívjuk. A rajzolás jellemzően két
dimenzióban, axiális CT-szeleteken történik, de a tervezés során a dóziseloszlás
számolása és a terv kiértékelése már háromdimenziós. Hagyományos módon
manuálisan végezték a szeletenkénti kontúrozást, de az utóbbi időben már
automatikus szervkontúrozó szoftverek is elérhetővé váltak, melyek gyorsabbá és
megbízhatóbbá teszik ezt a folyamatot. Célkitűzés: Mesterséges
intelligencián alapuló algoritmust használó szervkontúrozó szoftverek
minőségének összehasonlítása és azoknak a szerveknek a meghatározása, amelyeket
a jelenlegi algoritmusok a legjobb egyezőséggel tudnak körberajzolni, illetve
azoknak a szerveknek az azonosítása, amelyeknél a szegmentálásban nagy eltérések
vannak a különböző szoftverek között. Módszer: Négy anatómiai
régióban, 93 beteg CT-sorozatán három kontúrozószoftverrel (MVision, ART-Plan,
Limbus) berajzolt védendő szerveket hasonlítottunk össze. Az MVision-kontúrokat
választottuk referenciának, és a térfogatok nagysága, a tömegközéppontok
helyzete, valamint a térbeli egyezést jellemző hasonlósági és konformalitási
indexek használatával végeztük el az összehasonlítást az MVision-hez képest. A
térbeli egyezőség szempontjából sorrendet állítottunk össze, meghatározva a
legkisebb és a legnagyobb eltéréseket mutató szerveket.
Eredmények: A legjobb egyezőséget mutató szervek sorrendje:
tüdő, agy, máj, lép, gyomor, szív, szemek, állkapocscsont, vesék,
gerinccsatorna, emlők és húgyhólyag. A legnagyobb eltéréseket a kis térfogatú
szerveknél kaptuk: pajzsmirigy, látóideg-kereszteződés, bal elülső leszálló
koszorúér és agyalapi mirigy. Jelentős különbségeket találtunk a prosztatánál, a
légcsőre vonatkozó nagy eltérések pedig az anatómiai határok eltérő
értelmezéséből adódtak. Megbeszélés: Olyan szerveknél,
melyeknél a szövetsűrűség jelentősen eltér a környezetükhöz képest (levegő–lágy
szövet, csont–lágy szövet) a szoftverek megfelelő minőségben tudják meghatározni
az adott szervet. A nagyobb térfogatú szerveknél kisebb, míg a kisebb
térfogatúaknál relatíve nagy különbségeket találtunk a szoftverek által rajzolt
kontúrok között. Következtetések: A védendő szervek nagy
részénél a jelenlegi szoftverek jó egyezőséggel határozták meg a kontúrokat.
Nagy különbségek, melyek számottevő manuális korrigálást igényelnek, csak a kis
térfogatú szerveknél jelentkeztek. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(49): 1934–1944.
Trichobezoars as a manifestation of children's mental health disorders: the view of a surgeon and a psychiatrist
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Ksonz І.V. , Skrypnikov A.M. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Vasylyeva G.Yu. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Grytsenko Ie.M. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Pylypiuk Y.V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Ovchar O.V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Aim - to summarise the experience of treating children with trichobezoars, to consider aspects of the relationship between surgery and psychiatry, and to determine the tactics of postoperative psychiatric/psychological care.
Materials and methods. In the period from 2002 to 2023, 6 girls aged 9 to 13 years with trichobezoars were treated. In 3 cases the children had gastric trichobezoars, in 2 cases Rapunzel syndrome was diagnosed, and in 1 case a small intestinal trichobezoar was found. In one child, a small gastric trichobezoar was removed endoscopically, in 5 children, large trichobezoars were removed during laparotomy.
Results. The presented clinical cases illustrate this rare pathology in terms of the relationship between pediatric surgery and psychiatry. Effective correction of mental disorder, which is a predictor of trichobezoar formation in children, allows stabilising the patient's emotional condition and prevents the disease recurrence. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with trichobezoars after surgery should include patient consultation by a mental health professional, psychoeducational consultation of parents and relatives regarding trichotillomania and trichophagia as pathological conditions that precede the formation of trichobezoars. Neuropsychiatric examination and treatment, long-term follow-up, and behavioural therapy are recommended as a regular part of comprehensive treatment and relapse prevention.
Conclusions. Trichobesoars in children are rare foreign bodies of the stomach and small intestine that have the ability to increase imperceptibly in size over time, clinically manifesting as dyspeptic disorders, tumour-like masses in the epigastric region, and symptoms of high gastroduodenal or small intestinal obstruction. Children with documented episodes of trichotillomania and trichophagia require consultation with a psychiatrist and psychotherapist, as well as fibrogastroduodenoscopy to exclude trichobesoar. Children who have been operated on for trichobezoar require postoperative psychiatric care and psychological support to prevent relapse.
The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from parents (or guardians) and children.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The Implementation of In-Service Teacher Professional Education for Improving the Quality of Education in Indonesia: An Analysis of Digital Public Opinion
Authors: Sari Iis Indah , Munawar Fuad , Supiana Supiana
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of public perception of the implementation of the PPG program in the context of Indonesian education. This study uses a qualitative method using a deductive-inductive approach, data collection with web scraping techniques. The criteria for selecting data from comments are by selecting relevant and representative comments that include various views on the implementation of the Teacher Professional Program. The analysis technique used is to use text-based analysis to assess whether a comment is positive, negative or neutral supported by various references such as books, journal articles, and relevant references. The data in this study was taken from a post on Instagram entitled "Pros and Cons in PPG In-Position" on the @infoppg.id account. The reality is that the implementation of PPG is still reaping pros and cons caused by the lack of transparency in the implementation of the program.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis sejauh mana realita persepsi masyarakat mengenai pelaksanaan program PPG dalam konteks pendidikan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deduktif-induktif, pengumpulan data dengan teknik web scraping. Kriteria pemilihan data dari komentar dengan cara memilih komentar yang relevan dan representatif yang mencakup berbagai pandangan mengenai pelaksanaan Program Profesi Guru. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan analisis berbasis teks untuk menilai apakah suatu komentar bersifat positif, negatif atau netral dengan didukung berbagai referensi seperti buku, artikel jurnal, dan referensi yang relevan. Data pada penelitian ini diambil dari sebuah postingan di Instagram yang berjudul “Pro dan Kontra dalam PPG Dalam Jabatan” pada akun @infoppg.id. Realitanya pelaksanaan PPG masih menuai pro dan kontra yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya transparansi pelaksanaan program.
Mahjabeen Dhala, Feminist Theology and Social Justice in Islam: A Study on the Sermon of Fatima
Authors: Ni'mah Ilya Syafa'atun
Published: December 2024

Mahjabeen Dhala, Feminist Theology and Social Justice in Islam: A Study on the Sermon of Fatima, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2024, pp. 224, ISBN 978-10-0942-307-6.
Muhammad Abduh and Sufism: Building Spiritual Consciousness in the Context of Social Change
Authors: Ichwan Moh. Nor , Mowafg Masuwd  , Sya'roni Mokh. , Abdulghani Naser Ali
Published: December 2024

This article examines Muhammad Abduh's role in utilizing Sufism to build spiritual consciousness amid significant social changes in Egypt in the late 19th century. The main issue discussed was how Abduh combined the teachings of Sufism with social reform in the context of modernity, which is increasingly developing due to the influence of European colonialism and modernization pioneered by Muhammad Ali Pasha. This study explores how Abduh positioned Sufism as a moral tool supporting social reform. The method used is text analysis of Abduh's works and relevant secondary literature studies. The main findings show that Abduh has successfully integrated the spiritual dimension of Sufism with the demands of modernity, making Sufism a pillar to strengthen public morality and support harmonious social change. This article strongly recommends that further studies be conducted to understand how Abduh's approach to Sufism can be applied in contemporary social contexts that face similar challenges, as this could provide valuable insights for addressing current societal issues.
Production of Polymeric Nanofiber Membranes Containing Plant Extract and Investigation of Their Potential for Use on Wound Healing
Authors: Çakmak Zeliha Esra , Renkler Nergis Zeynep
Published: December 2024

In cases of injury to the skin tissue, such as severe burns, these layers can be extensively damaged. A variety of dressings have been developed to address different types of wounds, with functional polymeric dressings being among the most popular. These advanced dressings are designed to accelerate the wound-healing process. The incorporation of plant-derived extracts and biological molecules into wound dressing materials is a common practice. This study aimed to develop an electrospun nanofiber wound dressing by incorporating active ingredients extracted from the plant Echium italicum (Italian viper's bugloss), known for its efficacy in burn wound healing, into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The nanofiber membrane wound dressings produced by electrospinning were subjected to various analyses. Morphological and structural characterization revealed that the membranes exhibited significant morphological decomposition and weight loss after 90 days of in vitro degradation under physiological conditions. In vitro cytotoxicity testing, conducted using the MEM extraction method, demonstrated that the membranes were not cytotoxic. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it was concluded that the developed nanofiber membranes hold promise as potential wound dressings for the treatment of severe burn wounds.
Amino Acid Conjugated Self Assembled Molecules Modified Titanium Surfaces For Investigating Osteoblast Behavior
Authors: Turkaydin Muge , Erenay Berkay , Öztürk Öncel M. Özgen , Kapçi Pınar , Hür Deniz , Uzun Lokman , Garipcan Bora
Published: December 2024

In this study, human fetal osteoblasts behavior was investigated on titanium surfaces that has been modified with amino acid conjugated self-assembled molecules. For this purpose, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was conjugated by histidine and leucine and these newly synthesized molecules were used in different combinations to modify titanium surfaces via creating amino acid conjugated self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on titanium surfaces. The modification of the surfaces to introduce hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions on the surface was achieved with varying concentrations (v/v,100:0 20:80, 50:50, 80:20, 0:100). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and water contact angle measurements were performed for characterizing all of the modified surfaces in order to verify presence of amino acid specific bonds and wettability behavior to find suitable concentrations to support initial cell adhesion. In order to confirm that the surface modification supported cell adhesion and proliferation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Our results have shown that, amino acid SAM modification can be used to fine tune surface wettability and adherent cells were able to proliferate at different rates using different mixture concentrations. This presented approach can prove useful for expanding fine tuning surface chemistry methods for more specific applications and research.
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS MEDIATORS IN CANDIDA SPECIES.
Authors: Enoktaeva Olga
Published: December 2024

The successful spread of the genus Candida micromycetes in various host niches is accounted for by their ability to avoid stress caused by host immune system and other factors aimed at blocking fungal vital processes. The article studies the Transcriptional activator of CDR and the Multidrug resistance regulator controlling overexpression of target genes supposed to ensure resistant properties in genus Candida species against fluconazole. An environmental stress mediator is a term that characterizes a pleiotropic transcription factor as a structure capable of sensing an effect influence of a single environmental factor and transforming it into a process of increasing drug resistance in Candida micromycetes by promoting membrane-bound transporter activity. Gene point mutations or copy number alterations also increase fungal adaptive potential to fluconazole, which may further provide a selective populational advantage. The article schematically outlines a mechanism for developing adaptive response against genus Candida fungi involving environmental stress mediators to antimycotic fluconazole based on efflux proteins ATP-binding cassette and Major-Facilitator superfamily. Such premises describing activity of transcription activators mediating environmental stress suggest that a single transcription factor can upregulate expression of several genes; a single gene can be activated by several transcription factors; activation of the transcription factors described here is triggered by oxidative and osmotic stress; combination stress can block the functioning of environmental stress mediators. Knowing the genetic background of pathogenic strains may allow for simulating a combination stress able to negatively impact on micromycete life cycle.
GENOMIC DIVERSITY OF TOXIGENIC VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1 BIOVAR EL TOR STRAINS ISOLATED DURING THREE WAVES OF THE 7TH CHOLERA PANDEMIC
Authors: Smirnova Nina Ivanovna , Rybal’chenko Darya Alexandrovna , Lozovskiy Yulii Vladislavovich , Krasnov Yaroslav Mikhailovich , Schelkanova Elena Yur'evna , Fedorov Andrej Vital'evich , Kutyrev Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

Introduction. High genome variability of the 7th cholera pandemic agent, V. cholerae El Tor, led to emergence of genovariants with distinct set of altered genes. The aim of the work was to analyze the dynamics of changes in pathogenicity, epidemicity as well as drug resistance and phylogeny in toxigenic strains of V. cholerae El Tor isolated in Russia and endemic regions during three waves of ongoing pandemic. Materials and methods. We used whole-genome nucleotide sequences of 155 strains, obtained by us (42) and taken from the NCBI Genbank (113). DNA sequencing was performed on Ion PGM platform. Phylogenetic relations were determined based on the Bayesian analysis of core SNPs obtained using Snippy 4.6 software package. Antibiotic resistance was assessed applying disk diffusion test. Results. SNP data revealed that the studied strains (1970-2023) might be divided into three clusters. A clear correlation between each-cluster strain genotype and relevant isolation timing was observed. Separation of genetically altered cluster II and III strains isolated during the 2nd and 3rd waves of the pandemic from typical cluster I strains is associated with acquisition of new DNA regions and mutations in pathogenicity and drug resistance genes. Due to different combination of mutations, cluster III strains are genetically heterogeneous. Genome comparison showed that this diversity increased dramatically during the 3rd wave, which led to emergence of new genovariants with higher pathogenic and epidemic potential. It is demonstrated that antibiotic resistance in strains both from endemic regions and Russia over the past 30 years (1993-2023) has undergone significant changes. Thereat, the changing drug resistance clearly correlated with the occurrence of mutations in various pathogenicity genes. Conclusion. It is shown that over the past two decades the agent genome underwent a rather rapid change resulting in emergence of various genovariants. A change in the pathogen variants in Russia has been established. Strains combining genetic markers of hyper-virulence and multiple drug resistance are of particular concern. Genome variability of the strains identified in points at a need for constant genomic surveillance to obtain data on altering epidemically important properties for timely generation of new diagnostic and preventive means.
Identification and determination of resistance to antimycotic factors in yeast clinical isolates during respiratory diseases
Authors: Andreeva Irina S. , Morozova V. V. , Kabanov A. S.
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of yeast infections has increased significantly over the past few decades, with resistance of isolated pathogens to antimicrobial agents becoming progressively more pressing. Commonly occurring pathogenic yeasts include genus Candida, with C. albicans species being the dominant in both superficial and invasive infectious processes. This report presents data on the identification and determination of antimycotic drug resistance for yeast isolates obtained from clinical material of a patient with chronic bronchitis and a patient with generalized fungal infection. As a result of genomic identification, the strain causing the generalized infection was identified as Candida utilis, confirming the literature data on its increasing prevalence, considered a rare pathogen of invasive processes, as a new dangerous pathogen. Antimycotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance of C. utilis strain to commonly used antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole, weak sensitivity to clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B. The strain from a patient with chronic bronchitis was identified as C. africana, considered to be a C. albicans species. Excepting itraconazole, the strain showed varying sensitivity to the five antimycotic drugs used in the experiment. Both isolated yeast strains actively grew at elevated temperature, were able to form a capsule, hyphal sprouts and biofilms, features which distinguish potentially pathogenic Candida from saprotrophic strains. Combined antifungal therapy includes the use of probiotic preparations based on microorganisms that exhibit antagonism against fungi. The present work shows an effective inhibitory effect from secreted water-soluble metabolites of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lichenformis, antiseptics “Octenisept” and “Chlorhexidine”, as well as rosemary and sandalwood oil extracts on growth activity of the studied pathogenic yeast strains and a typical control strain of C. albicans Y-583.
Immunogenetic markers of COVID-19 severity in St. Petersburg residents
Authors: Kuzmich Elena V. , Pavlova I. E. , Glazanova Tatyana Valentinovna , Shilova E. R. , Bubnova L. N.
Published: December 2024

Background. The role for the HLA complex in SARS-CoV-2 immunosurveillance, resistance to virus infection and type of the individual immune response is accounted for by the extraordinary variability of HLA-genotypes as well as involvement of HLA-molecules in the mechanisms behind both cellular and humoral immunity. The aim of our study was to identify HLA-genetic factors underling severe COVID-19 course in St. Petersburg residents. Materials and methods. The study included 78 St. Petersburg residents aged 20 to 84 years (median — 55 years) recovered after COVID-19 in 2020–2022. The distribution of the examined persons based on COVID-19 severity was as follows: mild — 41, moderate — 32, severe — 5 persons. For further analysis, subjects with moderate-to-severe disease were included into a single group (37 persons). The control group consisted of 1.563 St. Petersburg residents who were potential hematopoietic stem cell donors, aged 18 to 60 years (median — 32 years). The low resolution HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. HLA typing in control group was performed prior to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results. A lower frequency of HLA-A*01 group was found in individuals with mild vs moderate/severe COVID-19 (0.0366 vs 0.1351; p = 0.04) and control group (0.0366 vs 0.1193; p = 0.02). A higher frequency of HLA-A*11 group was found in moderate/severe course compared to mild COVID-19 (0.1081 vs 0.0244; p = 0.048). Compared to control group, HLA-A*11 frequency in moderate/severe course (0.1081 vs 0.0582; p = 0.08) tended to increase. According to multivariate analysis, the risk of severe COVID-19 course in St. Petersburg residents was significantly associated with detected HLA-A*11 allele group (OR 7.38; CI 1.15–47.3; p = 0.032) and age (OR 1.05; CI 1.01–1.09; p = 0.008) along with an effect from HLA-A*01 tending to contribute to a risk of developing severe COVID-19 (OR 3.88; CI 0.88–17.09; p = 0.068). Conclusion. HLA markers for severe COVID-19 in St. Petersburg residents was identified providing deeper insight into a role played by HLA system in COVID-19 outcomes.
IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANDIDA SPP.-CAUSED INFECTIONS: MYTH OR REALITY? (Literature review)
Authors: Khostelidi Sofya Nicolaevna , Serebryanaya Natalya Borisovna
Published: December 2024

Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic pathogenic Candida spp. fungi. The infectious process can manifest as superficial forms affecting the skin and mucous membranes, as well as invasive variants. Since Candida spp. are commensals, a related disease development implies an imbalance between the pathogenic fungal factors and human immune system. Research in the field of immunotherapy of fungal infections is particularly relevant due to the increasing resistance to antifungal drugs. Based on the analyzed publications investigating candidiasis immunotherapy retrieved from the databases PubMed, ClinicalKey, and e-library, we have assessed the main directions and achievements in immunotherapy of infections caused by Candida spp., described emerging issues, and outlined future prospects.
The development of live vaccines based on attenuated, genetically modified, and mutant Candida strains began in the 1980s and continues to the present day. However, creating vaccines based on Candida recombinant proteins, adhesins, and enzymes represents a safer alternative to live vaccines. A promising direction is the development of conjugate vaccines, in which the fusion of weaker antigens (cell wall glycans) with carrier immunogenic proteins leads to the formation of immunogens capable of eliciting a robust immune response. In experiments, vaccines based on inactivated C. albicans along with a genetically Escherichia coli-derived modified heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant have also been studied. The experience of creating combination therapies aimed at combating recurrent bacterial and fungal urogenital tract infections is promising, e.g., the combination of sublingual inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccine MV140 and sublingual preparation of inactivated Candida albicans V132. An interesting approach involves the use of inactivated S. cerevisiae yeasts, providing cross-protection against infections caused by C. albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Coccidioides posadasii. A search for immunotherapy targets continues, with numerous studies aimed at a deeper understanding of crosstalk between C. albicans and human host. Currently, two recombinant vaccines (PEV7 and NDV-3) have successfully completed Phase I/II clinical trials, raising hopes for their clinical use in the near future.
PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY ADHERENT DONOR BLOOD CELLS STIMULATED BY SOLUBLE LPS AND PHAGOCYTED BACTERIA
Authors: Lysakova Elena V. , Rybtsov Stanislav A. , Toshchakov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Specific stimulation of receptors of the innate immune system by their purified ligands is commonly used in basic studies of inflammation and in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Based on location, receptors of the innate immunity can be classified into two groups: i) cell plasma membrane and on membranes of endosomes (Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors), and recognizing the presence of pathogens in the extracellular space; ii) cytoplasmic sensors playing a special role in the recognition of intracellular pathogens (NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), bacterial DNA sensor cGAS, and Aim2 (absent in melanoma 2). Many experimental models of inflammation use bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) or other purified microbial molecules to simulate the innate immune response to microbes. In the present study, the response of human blood leukocytes to stimulation with soluble, highly purified LPS from Gram-negative bacteria was compared with that induced by formalin-fixed, corpuscular E. coli. The data obtained demonstrate that LPS and bacteria induce similar levels of TNF and IL-6 by plastic-adherent leukocytes, whereas neither LPS nor whole bacteria induce a measurable IFNγ production. The LPS- and bacteria-induced cytokine production, however, drastically differed in the sensitivity to a broad-spectrum TLR inhibitor, peptide 5R667. The LPS-stimulated human leukocyte cytokine production, as expected, was highly sensitive to inhibition by the peptide, whereas production stimulated by corpuscular bacteria was not. The TLR-blocking peptide did not affect the ability of blood leukocytes to phagocytose E. coli as shown by flow cytometry data obtained using FITC-stained fixed bacteria. Because peptide 5R667 blocks several TLRs, including TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, the differential sensitivity of LPS- and bacteria-induced cytokine production to 5R667 suggests that the intracellular pathogen sensors, most likely NOD1 and/or NOD2, essentially contribute to the bacteria-induced cytokine induction. These results show that LPS and phagocyted bacteria induce cytokine production via different mechanisms and also suggest that the models with corpuscular bacteria for simulating bacterially induced inflammation complement the models that using soluble TLR ligands; therefore, both models should be applied to properly reflect anti-bacterial immune response.
THE EFFECTS OF VALACYCLOVIR ON POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTION (BKV) IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Samadi Katayoun , Ghorbansabbagh Mahin , Raesi Vajihollah , Marouzi Parviz , Sharifipour Farzaneh , Jalambadani Zeinab
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Polyomavirus-associatednephropathy(PVAN) is one of the most serious infectious complications in allograft recipients, with the BK virus (BKV) being the primary etiologic agent. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of valacyclovir on BK virus (BKV) infection and viremia control in infected patients in Iran.
This quasi-experimental study involved 21Iranian patients. All kidney transplant recipients with a confirmed diagnosis of BKV infection based on renal biopsy and PCR were administered standard therapy (reduced doses of immunosuppressive drugs) with or without valacyclovir at a one-gram dose twice daily for one month. After collecting the data, the data was analyzed using SPSS 23. The K-S test confirmed the normality of the quantitative data. Chi-square for trend, independent-t, and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine group homogeneity in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Before the intervention, a t-test was used to compare mean scores among the groups; and repeated measures independent sample test, pair sample test, chi square test and ANOVA. The significance level of P 0.05 was considered for all tests.
The mean creatinine level, mean GFR(Glomerular Filtration Rate) level, and median viral load in the serum were not significantly different between the two groups at the time of graft rejection diagnosis. One month after treatment, the serum viral load decreased in 90.9% of patients in the intervention group and 50% of patients in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant(p=0.038). Also, in the two-month review, the results showed that the reduction of the virus serum load level was observed in 81.8% of patients in the intervention group and 40% of patients in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.049). Mean age, body mass index, and transplant duration were comparable between the two groups. Neither creatinine nor GFR levels differed significantly between the two groups after the intervention(P=0.557 and P=0.387).
Valacyclovir can effectively reduce the serum viral load in BKV-infected kidney transplant recipients. This reduction, however, is not accompanied by an improvement in renal function or prevention of rejection.
The Impact of Tax Incentives on the Financial Performance of Wind Power Generation in China: Short-Term and Long-Term Effects
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Ying Wang , Leontyeva Yulia V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of tax incentives on the financial performance of wind power companies in China, particularly in the context of the global shift towards renewable energy. Wind power has become a key component of China’s clean energy strategy, especially since the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, which has fostered industry growth through financial subsidies and tax policies. Despite these efforts, issues such as subsidy misuse have prompted reforms, linking financial support to performance. Using data from 76 listed Chinese wind power companies between 2013 and 2023, this research employs a multiple linear regression model to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of corporate income tax and value-added tax (VAT) incentives on financial performance. Results show that tax incentives significantly enhance long-term financial performance, as indicated by Tobin’s Q, but their impact on short-term measures like return on assets (ROA) is more limited. Firms appear to utilize these incentives primarily for innovation and expansion, contributing to sustained growth rather than immediate gains. The findings suggest that while tax incentives are essential for fostering long-term growth in capital-intensive industries like wind power, they do not significantly enhance short-term financial health. Therefore, policymakers should consider complementing tax incentives with additional mechanisms, such as direct subsidies or low-interest loans, to improve short-term financial stability and operational support. The work substantiates that tax incentives are effective in promoting long-term financial performance but have limited short-term benefits. Future policy frameworks should adopt a more integrated approach, using a combination of tools to support both immediate financial stability and sustainable long-term growth.
Ad Valorem Tax versus Specific Excise Tax: Tobacco Price Variability in Indonesia
Authors:   University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Kusuma Muhammad Diaz Arda , Adrison Vid ,   University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

The challenge of controlling cigarette consumption remains significant, leading governments worldwide to implement excise taxes on tobacco products through ad valorem or specific systems. This study examines the relationship between various excise tax systems and price variability in Indonesia. Using transactional excise data from 2005 to 2017 obtained from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC), the research employs the Pooled Least Square (OLS) method for analysis. The sample includes Machine-made Kretek Cigarettes (SKM), Machine-made White Cigarettes (SPM), and Hand-rolled Kretek Cigarettes (SKT). Price variability is measured using the Interquartile Range to median ratio. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s multitier specific excise tax system behaves similarly to an ad valorem tax. More complex tax structures lead to greater price variability, undermining the effectiveness of the specific system in controlling cigarette consumption. Higher excise rates correlate with increased price variation across production categories, and market concentration significantly influences price variability, with a more competitive market resulting in greater fluctuations. To control cigarette consumption effectively, reducing price variation is crucial. Despite Indonesia’s transition from an ad valorem to a specific excise system, neither effectively reduces price variability due to the complexity of the multitier structure. Simplifying the excise framework and reducing the number of tiers could decrease price variation and consumption. These findings align with economic theory and suggest that further refinement of Indonesia’s excise policy is needed for better control over cigarette consumption.
The Automatic Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Evidence from Transfer Pricing Cases in Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia, Palupi Karvina Widyo , Candraningrat Ica Rika ,   Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Cooperation between tax administrations is essential in combating tax avoidance and protecting the integrity of the tax system. A key aspect of such cooperation is the exchange of information. This research was aimed to test the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) variable in moderating the influence of primary adjustments and secondary adjustments on the effectiveness of Transfer Pricing audits to carry out modern tax business processes, encourage sustainable tax revenue growth, increase sustainable taxpayer compliance, and preventing tax avoidance practices by taxpayers. The population of this research was 1852 Tax Assessment Letters obtained from the Directorate of Audit and Collection of the Directorate General of Taxes for the period 2020–2022. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and a sample of 138 observations was obtained. This research uses Moderated Regression Analysis to analyze the interactions of AEoI with Primary and Secondary Adjustment. The analysis results provide evidence that approval of the Primary Adjustment and Secondary Adjustment as well as objections to the Secondary Adjustment influence the effectiveness of tax audits. Meanwhile, objections to the Primary Adjustment do not affect the performance of the tax audit. AEoI is unable to moderate the influence of the Primary Adjustment and Secondary Adjustment on the effectiveness of audits related to Transfer Pricing. Tax Return reported loss, non-taxable inbound AEoI data, low taxpayers’ ability to pay and double taxation from Tax Treaty Agreement between countries are factors that cause AEoI to not significantly increase the performance of tax authorities in Indonesia.
Tax Amnesty in Morocco: Solution to a Crisis or a Crisis of Solution
Authors:   Euromed University of Fez, Fez, Morocco, Haddad Abderrahmane
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Moroccan experience with tax amnesties. Given the repetitive nature of amnesty programs in Morocco’s tax policy, questions have been raised about both their effectiveness and their specificity in comparison to similar programs in other countries. Between 1984, date of the first major tax reform, and 2024, Morocco organized 10 tax amnesties. All of them were adopted in the context of an economic slump and a shortage of financial resources. To address this issue, we began by identifying the results of empirical and theoretical studies in the relevant literature, which formed the theorical parameters that guided our analysis of the Moroccan experience. These parameters are about short-term revenue growth and long-term tax compliance. Studies have shown that tax amnesties have only a limited effect on increasing resources and even less on compliance. In our case, we have analyzed the data and statistics published by the Moroccan tax authorities in the light of these two parameters. We were able to show that the Moroccan experience confirms the parameters already identified, namely a low increase in revenue and an uncertain impact on tax compliance. The tax audit mechanism is proving to be more effective than amnesty in terms of generating substantial additional revenue, while tax evasion and fraud continue to cause substantial losses to the Moroccan economy. We concluded that the tax amnesty is no substitute for a genuine tax reform aimed at putting an end to the tax dependency of the State budget and achieving tax justice.