bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Water Probe for High-Frequency Focused Transducer Applied to Scanning Acoustic Microscopy System: Simulation and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Pham Van Hiep , Tran Le Hai , Choi Jaeyeop , Truong Hoanh-Son , Vo Tan Hung , Vu Dinh Dat , Park Sumin , Oh Junghwan
Published: August 2024

A scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) system is a common non-destructive instrument which is used to evaluate the material quality in scientific and industrial applications. Technically, the tested sample is immersed in water during the scanning process. Therefore, a robot arm is incorporated into the SAM system to transfer the sample for in-line inspection, which makes the system complex and increases time consumption. The main aim of this study is to develop a novel water probe for the SAM system, that is, a waterstream. During the scanning process, water was supplied using a waterstream instead of immersing the sample in the water, which leads to a simple design of an automotive SAM system and a reduction in time consumption. In addition, using a waterstream in the SAM system can avoid contamination of the sample due to immersion in water for long-time scanning. Waterstream was designed based on the measured focal length calculation of the transducer and simulated to investigate the internal flow characteristics. To validate the simulation results, the waterstream was prototyped and applied to the TSAM-400 and W-FSAM traditional and fast SAM systems to successfully image some samples such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, a printed circuit board, and a 6-inch wafer. These results demonstrate the design method of the water probe applied to the SAM system.
Comparative Analysis of TLS and UAV Sensors for Estimation of Grapevine Geometric Parameters
Authors: Ferreira Leilson , Sousa Joaquim J. , Lourenço José. M. , Peres Emanuel , Morais Raul , Pádua Luís
Published: August 2024

Understanding geometric and biophysical characteristics is essential for determining grapevine vigor and improving input management and automation in viticulture. This study compares point cloud data obtained from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and various UAV sensors including multispectral, panchromatic, Thermal Infrared (TIR), RGB, and LiDAR data, to estimate geometric parameters of grapevines. Descriptive statistics, linear correlations, significance using the F-test of overall significance, and box plots were used for analysis. The results indicate that 3D point clouds from these sensors can accurately estimate maximum grapevine height, projected area, and volume, though with varying degrees of accuracy. The TLS data showed the highest correlation with grapevine height (r = 0.95, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.90; RMSE = 0.027 m), while point cloud data from panchromatic, RGB, and multispectral sensors also performed well, closely matching TLS and measured values (r > 0.83, p < 0.001; R2 > 0.70; RMSE < 0.084 m). In contrast, TIR point cloud data performed poorly in estimating grapevine height (r = 0.76, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.58; RMSE = 0.147 m) and projected area (r = 0.82, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.66; RMSE = 0.165 m). The greater variability observed in projected area and volume from UAV sensors is related to the low point density associated with spatial resolution. These findings are valuable for both researchers and winegrowers, as they support the optimization of TLS and UAV sensors for precision viticulture, providing a basis for further research and helping farmers select appropriate technologies for crop monitoring.
Study on the Impact of Pole Spacing on Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection under Oversaturated Magnetization
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Ren Lemei , Tian Guansan
Published: August 2024

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection employs leakage magnetic fields to effectively detect and locate pipeline defects. The spacing between magnetic poles significantly affects the leakage magnetic field strength. While most detectors typically opt for moderate pole spacing for routine detection, this study investigates the propagation characteristics of MFL signals at small pole spacings (under specimen oversaturated magnetization) and their impact on MFL detection. Through finite element simulation and experiments, it reveals a new signal phenomenon in the radial MFL signal By at small pole spacings, the double peak–valley (DPV) phenomenon, characterized by outer and inner peaks and valleys. Theoretical analysis based on the simulation results elucidates the mechanisms for this DPV phenomenon. Based on this, the impact of defect size, pipe wall thickness, and magnetic pole and rigid brush height on MFL signals under small magnetic pole spacings is examined. It is demonstrated that, under a smaller magnetic pole spacing, a potent background magnetic field manifests in the air above the defect. This DPV phenomenon is generated by the magnetic diffusion and compression interactions between the background and defect leakage magnetic fields. Notably, the intensity of the background magnetic field can be mitigated by reducing the height of the rigid brush. In contrast, the pipe wall thickness and magnetic pole height exhibit a negligible influence on the DPV phenomenon. The emergence of the DPV precipitates a reduction in the peak-to-valley difference within the MFL signal, constricting the depth range of detectable defects. However, the presence of DPV increases the identification of defects with smaller opening sizes. These findings reveal the characterization of the MFL signal under small pole spacing, offering a preliminary study on identifying specific defects using unconventional signals. This study provides valuable guidance for MFL detection.
The Application of GPS-Based Friend/Foe Localization and Identification to Enhance Security in Restricted Areas
Authors: Chruszczyk Lukas , Grzechca Damian E. , Tokarz Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

This paper is devoted to the application of object localization and identification with information combined from a radar system and a dedicated portable/mobile electronic device equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. This device is able to provide object’s (staff member, and staff vehicle) rough location and identification. Such systems are required in very restrictive security areas like airports (e.g., open-air area and apron). Currently, the outdoor area of the airport is typically protected by a surveillance system operated by security guards. Surveillance systems are composed of different sensors, video and infrared cameras, and microwave radars. The sheer number of events generated via the system can lead to fatigue among staff, potentially resulting in the omission of critical events. To address this issue, we propose an electronic system equipped with a wireless module and a GPS module. This approach enables automatic identification of objects through the fusion of data from two independent systems (GPS and radar). The radar system is capable of precisely localizing and tracking objects, while the described system is able to identify registered objects. This paper contains a description of the subsystems of a portable/mobile electronic device. The fusion of information from the proposed system (rough location and identification) with the precise location obtained from short-range radar is intended to reduce the number of false alerts in the surveillance system.
A Polymer Thick Film on an Organic Substrate Grid Electrode and an Open-Source Recording System for UHF MRI: An Imaging Study
Authors: Chen Yinching Iris , Ay Ilknur , Marturano Francesca , Fuller Peter , Millan Hernan , Bonmassar Giorgio
Published: August 2024

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is a critical tool in preclinical neuroscience research for studying global network activity. However, integrating ECoG with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has posed challenges, due to metal electrode interference with imaging quality and heating around the metallic electrodes. Here, we introduce recent advancements in ECoG grid development that utilize a polymer-thick film on an organic substrate (PTFOS). PTFOS offers notable advantages over traditional ECoG grids. Firstly, it significantly reduces imaging artifacts, ensuring minimal interference with MR image quality when overlaying brain tissue with PTFOS grids. Secondly, during a 30-min fMRI acquisition, the temperature increase associated with PTFOS grids is remarkably low, measuring only 0.4 °C. These findings suggest that utilizing ECoG with PTFOS grids has the potential to enhance the safety and efficacy of neurosurgical procedures. By providing clearer imaging results and mitigating risk factors such as excessive heating during MRI scans, PTFOS-based ECoG grids represent a promising advancement in neurosurgical technology. Furthermore, we describe a cutting-edge open-source system designed for simultaneous electrophysiology and fMRI. This system stands out due to its exceptionally low input noise levels (<0.6 V peak-to-peak), robust electromagnetic compatibility (it is suitable for use in MRI environments up to 9.4 teslas), and the inclusion of user-programmable real-time signal-processing capabilities. The open-platform software is a key feature, enabling researchers to swiftly implement and customize real-time signal-processing algorithms to meet specific experimental needs. This innovative system has been successfully utilized in several rodent EEG/fMRI studies, particularly at magnetic field strengths of 4.7 and 9.4 teslas, focusing on the somatosensory system. These studies have allowed for detailed observation of neural activity and responses within this sensory system, providing insights that are critical for advancing our understanding of neurophysiological processes. The versatility and high performance of our system make it an invaluable tool for researchers aiming to integrate and analyze complex datasets from advanced imaging and electrophysiological recordings, ultimately enhancing the depth and scope of neuroscience research.
Designing a Hybrid Energy-Efficient Harvesting System for Head- or Wrist-Worn Healthcare Wearable Devices
Authors: Tohidinejad Zahra , Danyali Saeed , Valizadeh Majid , Seepold Ralf , TaheriNejad Nima , Haghi Mostafa
Published: August 2024

Battery power is crucial for wearable devices as it ensures continuous operation, which is critical for real-time health monitoring and emergency alerts. One solution for long-lasting monitoring is energy harvesting systems. Ensuring a consistent energy supply from variable sources for reliable device performance is a major challenge. Additionally, integrating energy harvesting components without compromising the wearability, comfort, and esthetic design of healthcare devices presents a significant bottleneck. Here, we show that with a meticulous design using small and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) panels, compact thermoelectric (TEG) modules, and two ultra-low-power BQ25504 DC-DC boost converters, the battery life can increase from 9.31 h to over 18 h. The parallel connection of boost converters at two points of the output allows both energy sources to individually achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) during battery charging. We found that under specific conditions such as facing the sun for more than two hours, the device became self-powered. Our results demonstrate the long-term and stable performance of the sensor node with an efficiency of 96%. Given the high-power density of solar cells outdoors, a combination of PV and TEG energy can harvest energy quickly and sufficiently from sunlight and body heat. The small form factor of the harvesting system and the environmental conditions of particular occupations such as the oil and gas industry make it suitable for health monitoring wearables worn on the head, face, or wrist region, targeting outdoor workers.
Sea Horse Optimization–Deep Neural Network: A Medication Adherence Monitoring System Based on Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Amirthalingam Palanisamy , Alatawi Yasser , Chellamani Narmatha , Shanmuganathan Manimurugan , Ali Mostafa A. Sayed , Alqifari Saleh Fahad , Mani Vasudevan , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Alqahtani Abdulelah Saeed , Alanazi Majed Falah , Aljabri Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Medication adherence is an essential aspect of healthcare for patients and is important for achieving medical objectives. However, the lack of standard techniques for measuring adherence is a global concern, making it challenging to accurately monitor and measure patient medication regimens. The use of sensor technology for medication adherence monitoring has received much attention lately since it makes it possible to continuously observe patients’ medication adherence behavior. Sensor devices or smart wearables utilize state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methods to analyze intricate data patterns and provide predictions accurately. The key aim of this work is to develop a sensor-based hand gesture recognition model to predict medication activities. In this research, a smart sensor device-based hand gesture prediction model is developed to recognize medication intake activities. The device includes a tri-axial gyroscope, geometric, and accelerometer sensors to sense and gather data from hand gestures. A smartphone application gathers hand gesture data from the sensor device, which is then stored in the cloud database in a .csv format. These data are collected, processed, and classified to recognize the medication intake activity using the proposed novel neural network model called Sea Horse Optimization–Deep Neural Network (SHO-DNN). The SHO technique is implemented to update the biases and weights and the number of hidden layers in the DNN model. By updating these parameters, the DNN model is improved in classifying the samples of hand gestures to identify the medication activities. The research model demonstrates impressive performance, with an accuracy of 98.59%, sensitivity of 97.82%, precision of 98.69%, and an F1 score of 98.48%. Hence, the proposed model outperformed the most available models in all the aforementioned aspects. The results indicate that this model is a promising approach for medication adherence monitoring in healthcare applications, instilling confidence in its effectiveness.
Development of a Voltammetric Methodology Based on a Methacrylic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode for the Determination of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Hernández-García Fabiola , Cruz-Navarro Jesús Antonio , García-Serrano Jesús , Franco-Guzmán Miriam , Islas Gabriela , Alvarez-Romero Giaan A.
Published: August 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins found in food, necessitating the development of precise and reliable methodologies for its detection. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) integrated with a carbon-paste electrode was developed for the voltammetric determination of AFB1. The innovative aspect of this work lies in the use of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, which enhances the sensor’s selectivity and binding affinity. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited a linear response range from 20.8 to 80 ng/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.31 ng/L and a sensitivity of 19.83 µA (ng/L)−1 cm−2. The sensor demonstrated outstanding analytical performance, with reproducibility and repeatability yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.24% and 1.41%, respectively. To validate the sensor’s practical applicability, its performance was tested in real samples of corn and wheat using the standard addition method. Samples were prepared following official Mexican standard methods. Detected AFB1 concentrations were 0.0147 μg/L and 0.0138 μg/L for corn and wheat, respectively. A statistical comparison using the Student’s t-test confirmed no significant matrix effects, underscoring the high selectivity and accuracy of the MIP-modified sensor. This work introduces a highly selective, sensitive, and reproducible methodology for AFB1 detection, which could significantly advance food safety monitoring.
Entanglement and Generalized Berry Geometrical Phases in Quantum Gravity
Authors: Cirilo-Lombardo Diego J. , Sanchez Norma G.
Published: August 2024

A new formalism is introduced that makes it possible to elucidate the physical and geometric content of quantum space–time. It is based on the Minimum Group Representation Principle (MGRP). Within this framework, new results for entanglement and geometrical/topological phases are found and implemented in cosmological and black hole space–times. Our main results here are as follows: (i) We find the Berry phases for inflation and for the cosmological perturbations and express them in terms of the observables, such as the spectral scalar and tensor indices, nS and nT, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. The Berry phase for de Sitter inflation is imaginary with the sign describing the exponential acceleration. (ii) The pure entangled states in the minimum group (metaplectic) Mp(n) representation for quantum de Sitter space–time and black holes are found. (iii) For entanglement, the relation between the Schmidt type representation and the physical states of the Mp(n) group is found: This is a new non-diagonal coherent state representation complementary to the known Sudarshan diagonal one. (iv) Mean value generators of Mp(2) are related to the adiabatic invariant and topological charge of the space–time, (matrix element of the transition −∞<t<∞). (v) The basic even and odd n-sectors of the Hilbert space are intrinsic to the quantum space–time and its discrete levels (in particular, continuum for n→∞), they do not require any extrinsic generation process such as the standard Schrodinger cat states, and are entangled. (vi) The gravity or cosmological domains on one side and another of the Planck scale are entangled. Examples: The quantum primordial trans-Planckian de Sitter vacuum and the classical late de Sitter vacuum today; the central quantum gravity region and the external classical gravity region of black holes. The classical and quantum dual gravity regions of the space–time are entangled. (vii) The general classical-quantum gravity duality is associated with the Metaplectic Mp(n) group symmetry which provides the complete full covering of the phase space and of the quantum space–time mapped from it.
A Study on Complex t-Neutrosophic Graph with Intention to Preserve Biodiversity
Authors: Kaviyarasu Murugan , Cotîrlă Luminița-Ioana , Breaz Daniel , Rajeshwari Murugesan , Rapeanu Eleonora
Published: August 2024

This study introduces the notion of complex t-neutrosophic graphs (CTNGs) as a powerful tool for understanding and displaying complex interactions that are sometimes difficult to understand. It demonstrates that CTNGs may accurately reflect complicated interactions involving several components or dimensions within a particular scenario. It also instructs the basic set operations of CTNGs and analyzes notions like homomorphism and isomorphism within this framework. Furthermore, the research describes a practical application of CTNGs. It illustrates their value in addressing biodiversity conservation by taking into account a variety of relevant factors. The paper uses this application to highlight the flexibility and effectiveness of CTNGs as a tool for decision-makers to visualize and prioritize activities targeted at improving biodiversity conservation.
Human Stimulator of Interferon Genes Promotes Rhinovirus C Replication in Mouse Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Goldstein Monty E. , Ignacio Maxinne A. , Loube Jeffrey M. , Whorton Matthew R. , Scull Margaret A.
Published: August 2024

Rhinovirus C (RV-C) infects airway epithelial cells and is an important cause of acute respiratory disease in humans. To interrogate the mechanisms of RV-C-mediated disease, animal models are essential. Towards this, RV-C infection was recently reported in wild-type (WT) mice, yet, titers were not sustained. Therefore, the requirements for RV-C infection in mice remain unclear. Notably, prior work has implicated human cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) as essential host factors for virus uptake and replication, respectively. Here, we report that even though human (h) and murine (m) CDHR3 orthologs have similar tissue distribution, amino acid sequence homology is limited. Further, while RV-C can replicate in mouse lung epithelial type 1 (LET1) cells and produce infectious virus, we observed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of dsRNA-positive cells following hSTING expression. Based on these findings, we sought to assess the impact of hCDHR3 and hSTING on RV-C infection in mice in vivo. Thus, we developed hCDHR3 transgenic mice, and utilized adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver hSTING to the murine airways. Subsequent challenge of these mice with RV-C15 revealed significantly higher titers 24 h post-infection in mice expressing both hCDHR3 and hSTING—compared to either WT mice, or mice with hCDHR3 or hSTING alone, indicating more efficient infection. Ultimately, this mouse model can be further engineered to establish a robust in vivo model, recapitulating viral dynamics and disease.
Tumor Grade and Mitotic Count Are Prognostic for Dogs with Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors Treated with Surgery and Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Vinblastine Chemotherapy
Authors: Anderson Kristina , Pellin MacKenzie , Snyder Elizabeth , Clarke Dawn
Published: August 2024

Objective: Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) have variable rates of recurrence and metastasis. We evaluated how various prognostic factors affect survival, recurrence, and metastasis in dogs with cMCT who underwent surgery and vinblastine chemotherapy. Animals: 90 dogs with cMCT treated with surgery and vinblastine at a veterinary referral institution were included. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors were evaluated. Results: Most dogs (94%) had grade 2 or 3 cMCTs. Neoadjuvant vinblastine was used in 18 dogs, and none progressed locally before surgery. The use of neoadjuvant vinblastine was associated with a higher chance of local recurrence (p = 0.03) but not survival. Shorter survival times were found for tumors that were high-grade (p < 0.001), grade 3 (p < 0.001), or a MC of >5 (p < 0.001). Dogs with grade 2 tumors that were low-grade lived longer than those with high-grade tumors (p < 0.001). Histologic tumor-free margins and the ability to achieve local tumor control were not associated with outcome. Clinical Relevance: Both grading systems and MC were prognostic for survival in this population of dogs, supporting the need for the standard reporting of histopathologic findings. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effective in downsizing cMCTs but does not influence survival. These findings are consistent with previous publications, showing the benefits of a more modern population of patients, surgical treatments, and histopathologic assessments.
Synthetic and Natural Biomaterials in Veterinary Medicine and Ophthalmology: A Review of Clinical Cases and Experimental Studies
Authors: Leonardi Fabio , Simonazzi Barbara , Martini Filippo Maria , D’Angelo Pasquale , Foresti Ruben , Botti Maddalena
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in 3D printing technology within the field of bioengineering. This technology offers the ability to create devices with intricate macro- and micro-geometries, as well as specific models. It has particularly gained attention for its potential in personalized medicine, allowing for the production of organ or tissue models tailored to individual patient needs. Further, 3D printing has opened up possibilities to manufacture structures that can substitute, complement, or enhance damaged or dysfunctional organic parts. To apply 3D printing in the medical field, researchers have studied various materials known as biomaterials, each with distinct chemical and physical characteristics. These materials fall into two main categories: hard and soft materials. Each biomaterial needs to possess specific characteristics that are compatible with biological systems, ensuring long-term stability and biocompatibility. In this paper, we aim to review some of the materials used in the biomedical field, with a particular focus on those utilized in veterinary medicine and ophthalmology. We will discuss the significant findings from recent scientific research, focusing on the biocompatibility, structure, applicability, and in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics of two hard and four soft materials. Additionally, we will present the current state and prospects of veterinary ophthalmology.
Survey the Occurrence of Globocephalus urosubulatus (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Pinto Michel dos Santos , Neto João Alfredo Biagi Camargo , de Freitas Maria Julia Hernandes , Florentino Bárbara Fuzetto , de Souza Sapatera Natália , Paiva Fernando , Nakamura Alex Akira , Rozza Daniela Bernadete , Lucheis Simone Baldini , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva
Published: August 2024

Although previous studies have characterized the helminth fauna of wild boars kept in captivity in Brazil, records on these helminths in free-ranging animals are still scarce. In view of this, we aimed in our work to investigate the occurrence and morphological and morphometric characteristics of gastrointestinal helminths in wild Sus scrofa from the northwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The digestive systems of 10 animals (5 males and 5 females of different ages) were used in this study. Each anatomical segment was washed and sieved under running water, and the helminths were separated and identified using light and scanning electron microscopy, according to their morphological characteristics. A total of 2750 (1152 males and 1598 females) nematode specimens were collected from the small intestine of these wild boars, and all of them presented the morphological characteristics of Globocephalus urosubulatus. However, one characteristic is of particular interest because it has not yet been reported in the literature: a marked asymmetry between the lobes and their respective rays of the copulatory bursa, with the left one being larger than the right one. In this research, we identified the presence of G. urosubulatus in all the examined free-ranging wild boars and reported for the first time in the literature the asymmetry in the copulatory bursa.
A Risk Assessment of the Vegetation Ecological Degradation in Hunshandake Sandy Land, China: A Case Study of Dabusennur Watershed
Authors: Chen Peng , Ma Rong , Si Letian , Zhao Lefan , Jiang Ruirui , Dong Wanggang
Published: August 2024

In the context of climate change, it is essential for sustainable development to assess the risks associated with climate change and human-induced vegetation degradation. The Hunshandake Sandy Land provides a variety of ecosystem services and is a substantial ecological security barrier in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area of China. This study used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze the spatiotemporal variation trend in vegetation in the Dabusennur Watershed using linear trend analysis and the GeoDetector model to identify the main drivers of vegetation change in the watershed. Finally, the study assessed the risk of ecological degradation in the vegetation of the watershed. The results show that the NDVI in the study area has had a fluctuating trend in the last 22 years, and the change has been small. Precipitation and groundwater depth are the key factors affecting vegetation change. The NDVI reaches its maximum value when the groundwater depth is at 2.75 m. The vegetation ecology of the basin is relatively fragile, mainly with medium risk and large risk. To cope with the ecological risk of vegetation degradation caused by climate change, appropriate water use strategies should be formulated to ensure ecological water use. The present study’s outcomes provide the basis for developing ecological engineering solutions in the arid and semi-arid parts of northern China.
A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Sustainable Technical Design of a Connected, Automated, Shared and Electric Vehicle Fleet for Inner Cities
Authors: Rieger Paul , Heckelmann Paul , Peichl Tobias , Schwindt-Drews Sarah , Theobald Nina , Crespo Arturo , Oetting Andreas , Rinderknecht Stephan , Abendroth Bettina
Published: August 2024

The increasing volume of personal motorized vehicles (PMVs) in cities has become a serious issue leading to congestion, noise, air pollution and high land consumption. To ensure the sustainability of urban transportation, it is imperative to transition the current transportation paradigm toward a more sustainable state. Transitions within socio-technical systems often arise from niche innovation. Therefore, this paper pursues the technical optimization of such a niche innovation by applying a technical sustainability perspective on an innovative mobility and logistics concept within a case study. This case study is based on a centrally managed connected, automated, shared and electric (CASE) vehicle fleet which might replace PMV use in urban city centers of the future. The key technical system components of the envisioned mobility and logistics concept are analyzed and optimized with regard to economic, ecological and social sustainability dimensions to maximize the overall sustainability of the ecosystem. Specifically, this paper identifies key challenges and proposes possible solutions across the vehicle components as well as the orchestration of the vehicles’ operations within the envisioned mobility and logistics concept. Thereby, the case study gives an example of how different engineering disciplines can contribute to different sustainability dimensions, highlighting the interdependences. Finally, the discussion concludes that the early integration of sustainability considerations in the technical optimization efforts of innovative transportation systems can provide an important building block for the transition of the current transportation paradigm to a more sustainable state.
Assessment of dental hard tissues and periodontium in children with hemophilia
Authors: Fedorova R. K. , Oreshaka O. V. , Fedorov K. P. , Rumyantsev A. A.
Published: August 2024

Relevance. Children suffering from hemophilia primarily receive dental care when they present with acute tooth pain or exacerbation of an existing condition. Due to the rarity (orphan nature) of hereditary coagulopathies, dentists often lack the experience and knowledge to utilize modern methods of prevention and treatment for this patient category. Additionally, the lack of regular dental check-ups for children with hemophilia often leads to a high level of oral morbidity and a need for specific treatments, as indicated by literature data.

Materials and methods. The primary methods used to assess oral health in children with hemophilia included detailed questioning, detection of carious lesions in dental hard tissues, assessment of oral hygiene, and the condition of periodontal tissues.

Results. Among pediatric patients with hemophilia, poor oral hygiene was associated with a high prevalence of carious lesions (100%) and very high caries intensity values (8.8, ranging from 7 to 11). Additionally, there was a relatively high prevalence of gingival inflammation, accompanied by pronounced gingival bleeding. A direct correlation was identified between the level of oral hygiene and the degree of gingival bleeding in children aged 6-17 years with hemophilia. The deterioration of dental indicators corresponded to the severity of hemophilia, the primary disease in these children.

Conclusion. The study demonstrated that pediatric patients with hemophilia, particularly those with moderate to severe forms, had significantly worse indicators of oral hygiene, dental hard tissues, and gingival health compared to generally healthy children. The results indicate the necessity for dental monitoring and rehabilitation for children with hemophilia to detect and effectively treat oral diseases at early stages.
Thermal Radiation and Magnetic Field Effects on Different Channel Flows of CNTs Brinkman-Type Nanofluids with Water, Kerosene and Engine-oil
Authors: Ali Farhad , Gohar Madeha , Khan Ilyas , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmad , Jan Syed Aftab Alam
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to analyze the combined effects of thermal radiation and magnetic field on three different types of channel flow of Brinkman type nanoliquids. Two types of carbon nanotubes namely single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspended in three different base fluids (Water, Kerosene-oil and Engine-oil). Based on Xue model, the thermo-physical properties of each base fluids and nanoparticles are incorporated in the form of thermal conductivity, density and specific heat. The problem is modelled in terms of partial differential with imposed boundary conditions. Analytical solutions via perturbation method are obtained for velocity and temperature, plotted graphically for all three cases and discussed for embedded flow parameters. The shear stress and the rate of heat transfer are also computed in tabular forms. Results showed that velocity of MWCNTs is greater than SWCNTs. Velocity decreases with increasing Brinkman type nanoliquids and radiation parameters.
Effect of roots and runners in Strawberry Algorithm for optimization Problems.
Authors: Aamir Nudrat , Mushtaq Mehwish , Mushtaq Mehwish , Riaz Rosemeen , Riaz Rosemeen
Published: August 2024

It is usually diï¬ƒcult for humans to solve a real world problem. Although for million of years nature has its own ways to look into these problems and solve them. Hence, now a days when man made methods do not work in these situations, they turn to Nature for problem solution. Therefore, the so called Nature inspired algorithms/ Heuristics are developing rapidly. Generally it is diï¬ƒcult to ï¬nd the optimum solution of the problem by using Heuristic methods. On the other hand these methods are good in approximating the solution in justiï¬able time. One of such algorithm is known as Strawberry Algorithm (SBA). Here, we propose to investigate the effect of roots and runners in SBA.It is usually diï¬ƒcult for humans to solve a real world problem. Although for million of years nature has its own ways to look into these problems and solve them. Hence, now a days when man made methods do not work in these situations, they turn to Nature for problem solution. Therefore, the so called Nature inspired algorithms/ Heuristics are developing rapidly. Generally it is diï¬ƒcult to ï¬nd the optimum solution of the problem by using Heuristic methods. On the other hand these methods are good in approximating the solution in justiï¬able time. One of such algorithm is known as Strawberry Algorithm (SBA). Here, we propose to investigate the effect of roots and runners in SBA.
MITIGATION OF DFIG STATOR OUTPUT VARIATION FOR STABLE BATTERY CHARGING
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jehangir , Shah Ikram , Ullah Ikram , Subhan Fazl e
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand of power for consumers can be met by utilizing both the renewable as well as non-renewable energy resources. Among the renewable energy resources, wind energy is the second largest source, which is used for the conversion to electrical energy. Due the variation in wind speed, the output voltage and power of the wind turbine is not constant. Some loads are too much sensitive to the variation in voltage, obtained from the stator of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). In this paper, a new model is proposed and modelled in MATLAB/Simulink using buck-boost converter connected at the input of lithium-ion battery charging system (LIBCS) to compensate the continuous variation of wind to reduce the fluctuations of the output power of wind turbine. The parameter of wind turbine along with our proposed model including buck-boost converter and battery are change such that to achieve the stable output from the system. The model is very effective regarding the reduction in output power fluctuation which leads to very best substitute for local grid user to use this green energy technology. The results are discussed with and without buck-boost converter. To get constant output using buck-boost converter.
MANAGEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES IN THE VORONEZH PROVINCE AT THE END OF THE XVIII - 60'S. XIX century
Authors: Chesnokov G. , Chesnokov V.
Published: August 2024

The influence of all-Russian legislation and local administration on the formation and activities of the architectural and construction service in the Voronezh province during the period under study is analyzed. Based on archival data, changes in its structure and personnel composition, the activities of provincial and city architects in implementing installations coming from the capital were studied. Using the example of a province, the process of gradual decentralization of construction management on a state scale was studied, which led to the creation of an extensive structure of architectural and construction services built into local authorities. It is shown that in a number of cases the Voronezh experience had priority over the all-Russian one. The history of the creation of the first regular plan of Voronezh in 1774, which became an example of the interaction of provincial administrations with the “Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow,” is studied. It has been proven that the position of provincial architect in Voronezh has existed since 1773, which is a unique phenomenon for the province. It has been established that Voronezh became one of the first provincial cities where the position of city architect was introduced. In 1805 it was occupied by T.S. Kondratiev. Previously unpublished materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Voronezh Region were analyzed and introduced into scientific circulation.
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL FACTORS ON THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF ECOTOURISM FACILITIES IN SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF THE KAMCHATKA TERRITORY
Authors: Kasimova A. , Kopylova E.
Published: August 2024

The Kamchatka Territory has significant potential for the development of ecological tourism in specially protected natural areas (protected areas). However, currently there is insufficient development of the scientific and theoretical base in the field of architectural organization of tourist facilities in this area, especially taking into account the preservation and development of unique natural systems. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to identify methods of architectural design of ecotourism facilities in protected areas of the Kamchatka region. The objectives of the study are aimed at considering the specifics of local natural conditions. The methods used in scientific work are the analysis of tourist buildings with similar natural characteristics and the study of the influence of environmental factors on the architectural design of tourism facilities. The article considers the natural, climatic and landscape conditions of the Kamchatka Territory, such as various landforms, temperature conditions, precipitation and wind conditions depending on the part of the peninsula. In addition, examples of tourist buildings placed in the desired or similar natural conditions were studied. As a result of the study, various methods of architectural design of tourist buildings and structures in the protected areas of the region were identified, including means of forming a master plan of the complex, approaches to creating functional planning and spatial organization of structures, as well as the choice of effective design solutions and engineering technologies for the operation of facilities. It is concluded that the proposed methods of architectural design of buildings and complexes will contribute to the formation of eco-tourism facilities in the protected areas of the Kamchatka Territory, taking into account the preservation of the unique natural complexes of the region.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES OF PREMATURE FAILURE OF THE CROWN OF THE RIPPER STRUCTURE PRODUCED USING DIRECT RE-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kachaev A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract.. When testing imported ripper bits for bulldozer equipment, their premature failure was observed. In the process of studying the loading of the crown by the contact pressure of rocky soils at P = 11.5 MPa, it turned out that only a tight, gap-free installation of the crown on the seating part of the ripper strut ensures reliable operation and protection of the strut from wear and promotes its long-term operation in conditions of rock crushing. It has been established that the strength condition for the crown is satisfied only in the case when the landing part of the crown itself maximally touches the landing part of the ripper post, that is, the contact of the crown with the post is carried out along the maximum area of contact - contact. In this case, equivalent stresses are observed that are less than the yield stresses for steel, which was proposed in the study as wear-resistant for working on rocky soils. The study carried out numerical calculations of stresses and displacements in the crowns for various methods of their attachment to the landing part of the ripper strut. In the first case under consideration, the strength conditions are observed when the crown is working on rocky soils; in the second case under consideration, the strength conditions are not met and characteristic places are shown in which the safety factor is less than 1.3 (30%). Based on the results of the study for this case (numerical modeling), it was decided to increase the cross-section of the transition point of the cantilever part of the crown to its landing part by 10%. At the same time, it was determined by calculation that with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the transition point of the cantilever part of the crown to its landing part by 10%, operational reliability will increase by 20-30% when the ripper operates on rocky soils. As a result of the study, the possibility of using steel grade for crown-type products was experimentally confirmed.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ АКТИВНОГО ЛИЗОЦИМА И ОБЩЕГО БЕЛКА В КУРИНОМ ЯЙЦЕ
Authors: Гасанова Д.А. , Воронцов П.Г. , Левашов П.А.
Published: August 2024

В образцах белка куриных яиц из разных регионов России и Белоруссии были измерены активный лизоцим, негликозилированные белки, суммарные пептиды. Показано, что все образцы дают сходные значения по изученным параметрам. Таким образом, можно использовать данные параметры для контроля качества продукции и выявления аномальных образцов. Активный лизоцим в среднем составил 8,3% от массы негликозилированных глобулярных белков яйца и 2,8% от массы всех пептидов. Негликозилированные глобулярные белки составили 34% от всех пептидов белка куриного яйца. Среднее содержание пептидных компонентов в белке куриного яйца составило 67 г/л.
Development Of Nanoelectrodes For Electrochemical Applications
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Barry Seán
Published: August 2024

"The demand for direct, selective and rapid determination of chemical and biological analytes has led to a growing interest in electrochemical sensor devices. Particularly the use of nanomaterials and nanoelectrodes has received increased interest due to their enhanced electrochemical properties. In this thesis these enhanced properties are exploited in order to develop multiple sensing applications. Firstly a sensitive microband based sensor is described for the detection of trinitrotoluene and for its discrimination from other nitroaromatic compounds. Square wave voltammetry was used to identify characteristic reduction peaks for these compounds and a calibration plot for the quantification of TNT was also produced. In order for nanowire based sensors to realise their full potential, the contributions of capacitive charging currents must be overcome. A metallic shield layer embedded within the nanowire devices passivation layer is presented as a means of substantially reducing these currents. This is the first instance of a fabrication method such as this being used in this fashion. Finally the thesis describes the development of methods using platinum nanowires for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide as a means of detecting a number of analytes. Mediatorless glucose detection is successfully achieved by entrapping glucose oxidase in an electropolymer at the nanowire surface and then detecting hydrogen peroxide produced as a result of the glucose / glucose oxidase interaction. The development of a method for quantifying hydrogen peroxide in milk for food base applications is also presented. The fabrication of interdigitated array electrodes is also described and these were employed to detect hydrogen peroxide as a product of the oxygen reduction reaction as a method for the reagentless quantification of dissolved oxygen in acidic solutions."
A Plastic Encapsulated Wireless Sensor Module For Monitoring Of Medical Steam Sterilisers
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, George Jinto
Published: August 2024

Steam sterilisation is a process of removing or killing living organisms from medical equipment using saturated steam in a steriliser at 134°C and 3 bar pressure. Monitoring of the steriliser is very important to verify whether the sterilisation cycle is adequate or not. In current practice, hospitals widely use chemical or biological indicators for monitoring the performance of the sterilisation cycle but these are simple pass/fail monitors and do not allow continuous monitoring. This thesis presents design and development of a real time wireless sensing module (WSM) for monitoring the sterilisation cycle which can be used to replace existing chemical and biological indicators. A plastic-encapsulated WSM which can survive in a steam steriliser has not been previously reported in the literature. The research therefore proceeded in two strands: the first was to characterise the circuit board and packaging materials in a supersaturated steam environment (SSE). Saturated moisture concentration, moisture diffusion coefficient and hygroscopic expansion of the materials were extracted from data collected in a series of designed experiments using a range of circuit board and plastic packaging materials. The second involved practical reliability evaluation of batteries, sensors and electronic components during steam sterilisation cycles and other reliability test conditions. Test vehicles (TVs) were then designed and used to evaluate the reliability of WSM components in SSE. The results of these evaluations allowed sensors and other components to be selected for the fabrication of the WSM. The reliability of sensor module was then investigated on 12 packaged samples in order to obtain its performance. The WSM demonstrated the ability to survive 180 sterilisation cycles and to continuously report on the steriliser internal conditions. This is believed to be the first plastic-packaged electronic module to survive multiple cycles in a medical steam steriliser.