bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Food Security Policies in India: A Critical Examination of the National Food Security Act, 2013
Authors: Verma Abhishek Kumar , Chauhan Dr. Deepak Kumar
Published: September 2024

A milestone in India’s complex and dynamic food security policy framework is the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Food Security is the very basic need of this time and it is the third country in the world to legislate the constitutional commitment besides Brazil and South Africa. This study analyses the evolution of the NFSA. Initially it analyses historical and legislative sources to fully understand the Act’s essential elements, complex effects, and on-going difficulties. The objective of this study is to assess the Act’s importance in India’s food security policy framework. The retrospective begins with a thorough look of India’s pre-independence food security efforts. This study extensively investigates the Green Revolution and agricultural dynamics and targeted public distribution systems in post-independence India and how economic liberalisation affects food security policy. The legislative section details the NFSA’s history and implementation. This section describes the extensive drafting, consultations, and amendments that led to its enactment. It also thoroughly explains and analyses the Act’s fundamental provisions and rights. The next phase of the study examines how the NFSA affects food security in India. This study evaluates the Act’s effectiveness in alleviating hunger and malnutrition and its socio-economic effects on vulnerable groups. Furthermore, this study objective is to examine how subsidies, procurement, and distribution improve food security. An NFSA review should include post-implementation issues and disagreements. The current discussion covers beneficiary identification errors, budgetary constraints, fiscal feasibility, and implementation obstacles. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the secondary data which includes the research studies, news articles, government reports and other relevant studies. The study concludes with findings of summary of the key results, emphasising NFSA’s lasting impact and offering policy solutions to its shortcomings.
METAVERSOS E SEUS DESAFIOS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Portella Cibele Poubel , Freitas Victor Gonçalves Glória , Espírito Santo André Cotelli do
Published: September 2024

Este artigo explora os desafios do uso de tecnologias imersivas, especialmente os metaversos, na educação. Os metaversos, como universos virtuais imersivos, trazem uma série de oportunidades promissoras para o campo educacional, incluindo interações colaborativas em tempo real, aprendizagem baseada em experiências, personalização do ensino e engajamento elevado dos alunos. No entanto, eles também apresentam desafios significativos. Questões relacionadas à equidade de acesso à tecnologia, privacidade de dados, segurança online, custos de implementação e uma potencial sobrecarga cognitiva para os alunos são abordadas. Este estudo busca apresentar uma visão equilibrada e perspectiva sobre o uso de metaversos na educação, destacando a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para melhor compreender e otimizar o uso desta tecnologia emergente no ambiente de aprendizagem.
A mini review of antiviral compounds against dengue virus
Authors: Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of current research and potential future prospects in the development ofantiviral compounds against the dengue virus (DENV). Despite ongoing research, dengue fever (DF), caused by DENV, remains a significant global public health problem, with no specific antiviral treatment available. In this study, an exhaustive survey of literature to provide a detailed overview of the promising antiviral agents, their modes of action, efficacy, and current status in clinical trials. Key areas of focus include small molecule inhibitors that target various stages of the DENV lifecycle, host-targeted agents, and broad-spectrum antivirals. In addition, the challenges associated with the development of effective antivirals, such as the viral diversity of four DENV serotypes and the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). This review also explores potential strategies for overcoming these challenges and emphasizes the need for a combination of approaches for effective therapy. In this age of rapidly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, a deep understanding of DENV biology and the development of effective antiviral compounds is essential. Our analysis will guide future studies and contribute to ongoing efforts to combat dengue fever.
Suitability of undenatured ethanol for DNA and RNA preservation in pig oral fluid and fecal samples used for PCR-based pathogen detection
Authors: Gerszon Joanna , Genz Berit , Moser Raif , Pollock Yvette , Sellars Melony
Published: September 2024

Nucleic acid integrity in pig oral fluid and fecal samples is important for polymerase chain reaction-based pathogen detection and appropriate preservation during shipping is required. A final concentration of 70% undenatured ethanol was sufficient to maintain DNA and RNA quality for up to 7 days.
CONCESSION AGREEMENTS AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION'S ECONOMY (USING THE EXAMPLE OF ST. PETERSBURG)
Authors: Ковтун М.В.
Published: September 2024

В настоящей статье проведен анализ экономических эффектов концессионных соглашений в контексте развития экономики региона на примере города Санкт-Петербурга. На основе анализа научных источников показано, что концессионные соглашения представляют собой эффективный механизм для достижения стратегических целей регионального развития, поскольку обеспечивают привлечение необходимых инвестиций в инфраструктуру. Использование концессий позволяет минимизировать риски, связанные с рыночными неудачами и недостатками прямого государственного регулирования, особенно в таких областях, как инфраструктура, экология и социальные проекты. В рамках реализации концессионных соглашений происходит реформирование сфер экономики, которые традиционно управлялись государством, что способствует их более эффективному и устойчивому развитию. Получен вывод, что реализуемые в рамках концессионных соглашений проекты демонстрируют значительное положительное влияние на экономику Санкт-Петербурга. Например, строительство Западного скоростного диаметра (ЗСД), трамвайных сетей «Чижик» и «Славянка», а также создание высокоскоростной железнодорожной магистрали Москва – Санкт-Петербург способствуют развитию транспортной инфраструктуры, снижению загруженности автомобильных дорог и повышению мобильности населения. Реализация проектов по восстановлению культурного наследия, в свою очередь, способствует развитию туристической инфраструктуры и сохранению исторического облика города.

This article analyzes the economic effects of concession agreements in the context of regional economic development using the example of the city of St. Petersburg. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it is shown that concession agreements are an effective mechanism for achieving strategic goals of regional development, since they ensure the attraction of necessary investments in infrastructure. The use of concessions minimizes the risks associated with market failures and shortcomings of direct government regulation, especially in areas such as infrastructure, ecology and social projects. As part of the implementation of concession agreements, economic sectors that have traditionally been managed by the state are being reformed, which contributes to their more efficient and sustainable development. It was concluded that the projects implemented under concession agreements demonstrate a significant positive impact on the economy of St. Petersburg. For example, the construction of the Western High–Speed Diameter (WSD), the Chizhik and Slavyanka tram networks, as well as the creation of the Moscow- St. Petersburg high-speed railway line contributes to the development of transport infrastructure, reducing traffic congestion and increasing mobility of the population. The implementation of projects to restore cultural heritage, in turn, contributes to the development of tourist infrastructure and the preservation of the historical appearance of the city.
Overreaction Anomaly on Indonesia Stock Exchange in The JII70 Index for 2020-2022
Authors: Thomas Jericho , Akbar Masithah , Bachtiar Yanuar , Nastiti Rizky , Anuar Syahdan Saifhul
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyse the phenomenon of overreaction anomaly, characterised by differences in cumulative average abnormal returns between winner stock portfolios and loser stock portfolios on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The sample used in the research included shares of companies in JII70 and was selected using purposive sampling techniques to obtain 12 company shares. The method for calculating abnormal returns in this research uses the market-adjusted model. In addition, an independent sample t-test was chosen as a statistical test to test the difference between cumulative average abnormal return winners and cumulative average abnormal return losers. The results of this study show that the overreaction anomaly phenomenon of the three formations (monthly, quarterly, and semester) only occurs in the monthly formation.
The Impact of Customer Online Reviews on Purchase Decision in Vietnam: Using Brand Switching as A Mediator
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Lam , Dat Nguyen Thanh
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of technology leads to diversification in consumer behavior. Businesses face greater competition challenges. New factors such as online customer reviews also affect consumer purchasing decisions. In order to create sustainable sales growth, businesses need to pay attention to the customer experience to reduce the percentage of customers switching to a new brand. This study incorporates these factors into the proposed model to assess their relationship. The analytical results show that the factors of customer online reviews and brand switching all impact purchase decisions.. Research is meant for businesses in general and marketers in particularly.
Analisis Pengukuran Kinerja Menggunakan Value For Money Pada Pemerintahan Kota Medan
Authors: Ramadani Ad Dini Elhilal , Sari Eka Nurmala , Gantino Rilla
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted because in the implementation of the preparation of regional revenue and expenditure budgets (APBD) there is often a waste of budget and inappropriate use targets that should be felt by the general public, and are still not optimal, especially there is no system for determining budget figures and LRA realization so that there is an upward and downward trend in the Medan City Government budget realization report in 2017-2021. The purpose of this study is to determine and measure The performance of the Medan City Government uses the concept of value for money , namely the economic ratio, the efficiency ratio and the effectiveness ratio, and to find out and analyze the causes of the economic ratio in the less economical category. To find out and analyze the causes of the efficiency ratio in the less efficient and moderately efficient categories. To find out and analyze the causes of the effectiveness ratio in the quite effective category.  The research method used is descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative data types. Data collection techniques in this study are documentation and interviews and are adjusted to Kepmdagri N0. 690.900-327 of 1996 concerning guidelines for the assessment of financial performance measurement. And data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques.  The results of the value for money on the Medan City Government in 2017-2021 have an economic ratio which has an average of 77.73% in the less economical category, which has decreased because the target for the Medan City Government expenditure has not been achieved. In terms of the efficient ratio which has an average of 95.32% in the less efficient category. And in terms of the effectiveness ratio which has an average of 85.89% in the quite effective category, where both of these ratios have decreased due to the less than optimal regional income that has not reached the target set by the Regional Government.
Analisis Kinerja Pemungutan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan Dan Perkotaan Dinagari Paninjauan
Authors: Yenni Fitri
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out the performance constraints or obstacles faced by tax collectors in collecting Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2), and to analyze how the performance of rural and urban land and building tax collection in Nagari Paninjauan. The type of research used is field research with qualitative methods. Techniques with data collection used through interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques were carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner, then described and classified aspects of certain problems and explained through effective sentences. The results of the study indicate that the performance of officers in the implementation of rural and urban land and building tax collection in Nagari Paninjauan has not been carried out effectively there are still tax collectors who have not been able to carry out their duties to the fullest, the unclear schedule for land and building tax collection carried out by officers taxes, tax officials often delay the distribution of SPPT, lack of socialization by tax officials regarding ownership of land data, lack of knowledge about taxes on the part of taxpayers and tax officers. So that tax officers or collectors in Nagari Paninjauan must be more active in conducting tax socialization and establishing tax sanctions so that people are more obedient in paying taxes, especially regional taxes. Besides that, the government in Nagari Paninjauan should review the data collection of taxpayers by updating the data, so that it is clear who is the subject and object of PBB-P2 tax.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar, Penyalahgunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Integritas Mahasiswa Terhadap Prilaku Kecurangan Akademik Mahasiswa Akuntansi Sebagai Calon Akuntan
Authors: Rahmawati Fina , Gantino Rilla
Published: September 2024

Where student learning motivation can affect student academic cheating behavior, it occurs because of a lack of interest in learning from students. Misuse of information technology affects student academic cheating behavior, it occurs because students are lazy to read books and repeat lessons that have been taught by their lecturers only relying on technology as a reference material to get the results of the exam. Student integrity can affect student cheating such as feeling confident with the cheating they do to get good results but in reality they rarely get perfect results. The sample used in this research is saturated sampling ie 67 accounting students at the Institute of Technology and Business Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi.  This research data is primary data because here the author uses a questionnaire directly to the object of research, namely accounting students at the Haji Agus Salim Institute of Technology and Business Bukittinggi.  The data analysis technique used in this study is data in the form of numbers that can calculated accurately (definitely) based on SPSS. The results show that student academic fraud is obtained from misuse of information technology, and student integrity.
Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja, Independensi Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Wilayah Jakarta Timur dan Bekasi)
Authors: Alvin Arya Alam , Karsam Karsam , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Gantino Rilla
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work experience, independence, and competence on audit quality at Public Accounting Firms in East Jakarta and Bekasi. The population in this study were auditors, including partners in the KAP in East Jakarta and Bekasi, with a sample of 100 respondents. Data Collections using the questionnaire method, the data analysis method using multiple linear regression and using the SPSS computer system version 25, which concludes that each variable of Work Experience, Independence, and Competence affects audit quality. Simultaneously, work experience, independence, and competence affect audit quality
Tanggung Jawab KSEI Sebagai Lembaga Penyimpanan Dan Penyelesaian (LPP) dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Yuweni Junita , Septiawanani Rizka , Anisa Rika
Published: September 2024

This study aims to find out and explain how KSEI's responsibility as a depository and settlement institution in the Indonesia stock exchange.  The method that the author used in this study was to use a qualitative descriptive method with a literature view. The results of the study stated that  the storage and settlement institutions  according to Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning Capital Securities Article 1 number 10 reads "Parties who carry out central custodial activities in stock exchange institutions". Currently, PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI) has a license as an LPP that will carry out the storage function by resolving securities or violations that exist in the Indonesian capital market. KSEI plays an important role in the capital market, namely serving the securities management process, securities transaction settlement process and others. According to the PM Law Article 44 paragraph 1, the custodian carried out is in the form of responsibility to store securities owned by the account holder and has the condition of other obligations in accordance with the agreement between the custodian and the intended shareholder.
The Role of Students In Facing The Challenges of The World of Work
Authors: Marbun Jesiska , Ramadhani Rani , Sembiring Otnial
Published: September 2024

It's definitely not an intellectual thing, but maybe it's not.Both hard skills and soft skills are competencies that have spiritual value.However, there are also challenges and problems which are called difficulties, obstacles, confusion, dissatisfaction, gaps, and so on.In the world of work, students experience challenges in studying and working.Students must be able to plan and manage their time well so that they can run without disrupting other activities or events.Therefore, problem solving is a scientific process that goes through the stages of understanding the problem, determining a solution, and searching for the information needed to evaluate the solution.This means that when facing a problem, you should first look for the root source of the problem.Makes it easier for someone to decide which solution to use to solve a problem.
The Influence of Audit Quality in Controlling Practice Earnings Management
Authors: Pinem M Rizky Arbi , Sihombing Geraldo , Sidabutar Fhilvino
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of audit quality in controlling earnings management practices. This research uses qualitative research with the literature review method as the methodology. The research will use literature study data analysis and the results obtained show that the influence of audit quality in controlling earnings management practices in a corporate entity. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide insight into the understanding of the important role of audit quality and earnings management. The aim of studying the influence of audit quality on controlling earnings management activities is to evaluate the extent of the role of audit quality in preventing, detecting or minimizing the results of management activities in the business environment. This research may include evaluating the accuracy, completeness and integrity of the audit as well as its impact on the integrity of the financial information the company presents to its stakeholders.
The Effect of Financial Technology and Innovation on Financial Performance in The Digital Age
Authors: Sagala Indri Yani Agustia , Sihite Margareth , Napitupulu Melani
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of financial technology and innovation on companies' financial performance during digital transformation. As digitalization reshapes the financial industry, understanding the role of financial technology and innovation is crucial for effective financial management. The research employs a theoretical framework integrating concepts of financial technology, innovation, and financial performance. Focused on the digital era, the study utilizes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through the G-Form approach to establish a positive and significant influence of technological developments and innovation on performance. The findings underscore the vital contribution of adopting financial technology and innovation to enhance financial performance in the digital era. The research offers valuable insights for companies and decision-makers, providing evidence-based guidance amid the dynamic digital landscape. The results affirm that comprehending the impact of financial technology and innovation on financial performance enables the design of more effective strategies to optimize outcomes in the digital business environment. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the pivotal role of financial technology and innovation in elevating company financial performance during the digital era. It deepens our understanding of how companies can strategically leverage these advancements to achieve financial success. The research contributes to a nuanced comprehension of the intricate relationship between financial technology, innovation, and company financial performance, offering a roadmap for navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by digital transformation
The Influence of Advances in Information Technology on the Development of Accounting Among Accounting Students Medan State University
Authors: Nurisky Inez Bita , Gabriela Michel , Aritonang Luna Putri
Published: September 2024

Advances in information technology have had a significant impact on the development of accounting, especially in terms of accounting information systems. This research aims to analyze the influence of advances in information technology on the development of accounting, with a focus on accounting information systems. The research method used is a literature study using the keywords information technology, accounting developments, and accounting information systems. The research results show that advances in information technology have enabled the development of more efficient and effective accounting information systems. An accounting information system that is integrated with information technology can increase the accuracy and speed of data processing, and enable better decision-making. However, the use of information technology can also pose challenges, such as data security risks and the need for special skills in its use. Therefore, companies should carefully consider the use of information technology in their accounting information systems and ensure that they have sufficient resources to manage it.
The Influence of Liquidty, Profitbality and Ratios on Company Financial Performance (Case Study of PT Garuda Indonesia’s Financial Reports on the IDX in 2020-2022)
Authors: Quraini Nur Indah , Fauzy Resty
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the financial performance of PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk in terms of Liquidity, Profitability and Activity Ratios. The data form of financial reports of airline companies listed on the IDX for 2020-2022. The data collection techniques used are documentation techniques and library techniques. The results of this research prove that PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk experiences fluctuations in financial performance from year to year, which is reflected in changes in the values of liquidity ratios, profitability ratios and activity ratios. Even though there has been an increase in several ratios, the company is still faced with liquidity risk because the liquidity ratio figure is below 1. Apart from that, another challenge faced by the company is achieving better efficiency in generating net profits for shareholders and increasing the use of assets and working capital efficiently. Therefore, companies need to improve the management of their current assets, inventories, current liabilities and cash to maintain and improve better financial performance, as well as improve asset and working capital management strategies to achieve more profitable results for shareholders
THE EFFECT OF CUTTING SPEED ON CUTTING QUALITY WITH LASER CUTTING MACHINE
Authors: Yusuf Arya
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the influence of cutting parameters on a laser cutting machine when used on acrylic material. The primary objective of this study is to analyze how cutting speed, electric current, and the type of material affect the quality of the cutting results. An experimental method was employed by varying the cutting speed and adjusting the electric current during the process, followed by measuring the width and precision of the cuts produced. The findings indicate that as cutting speed increases, the width of the cut decreases, resulting in a finer cut. Additionally, higher electric currents can enhance the precision of the cut, ensuring more accurate results. Furthermore, materials with lower melting points were found to be easier to cut with less effort. These results emphasize that the correct combination of cutting parameters is crucial in achieving optimal cutting performance and improving productivity. This study concludes that careful calibration of cutting speed, current, and material selection is essential for obtaining high-quality laser cutting outcomes and enhancing manufacturing efficiency.
LANGUAGE STYLE ANALYSIS IN THE LYRICS OF THE SONG CAK CULAY NABUY-NABUY BY MUHAMMAD YUSUF (STILISTIC STUDY)
Authors: Habibansyah Afeby Ade
Published: September 2024

This study aims to identify, analyze and reveal the meaning of language style in the lyrics of the song "Cak Culay Nabuy Nabuy" by Muhammad Yusuf using a stylistic approach. The research data used by the author are the lyrics of the song Cak Culay Nabuy Nabuy" by Muhammad Yusuf. The main focus of this study is to analyze the style of language which includes metaphor, hyperbole, symbolism, repetition, pleonasm, tautology, climax, irony, cynicism and satire. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study design, where data is collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using note-taking and content analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 findings of language style and 8 language styles in the song lyrics that are found including: 1) comparative language style with metaphor, hyperbole and symbolic language styles, 2) affirmative language style with repetition and pleonasm, 3) satirical language style with irony, cynicism and satire. The findings consist of comparative language style found 3 findings equivalent to 37.5%, affirmative language style 2 findings equivalent to 25%, satirical language style 3 findings equivalent to 37.5%.
Early Neolithic Pottery on the Kola North: Typology and New Data on Chronology
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kiseleva Alevtina
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the Early Neolithic pottery from the territory of the modern Murmansk region. The literature on this pottery usually refers to the Säräisniemi 1 type. This paper is the first attempt to develop a detailed typology of this pottery taking into account all the accumulated materials. Materials from 41 sites were studied, 503 vessels were identified on the basis of the unique elements of their ornamentation. Studying coincidence of different features on the vessels helped identify two groups of pottery. Their differences are traced in morphology, ornamentation and partly in manufacturing technology. It is proposed to consider these groups as two variants of Sär 1 Ware and to designate them by the names of eponymic sites: Chavanga (flat-bottomed ware) and Varzina (round-bottomed ware). Also, several vessels of the Pit-Comb Ware and a category of small “cups” were identified. In order to define the timespan of this ware, the author undertakes the first attempt for the Kola North materials to date some soot samples by the AMS method. The earliest dates refer to the second half of the 6th millennium BC, which points to the simultaneous appearance of pottery in the Kola North and the neighboring regions of Fennoscandia. A small number of dates does not allow us to make any chronological distinction between the identified variants of pottery. But it can be noted that the oldest dates are obtained for the Varzina vessels, while the Chavanga vessels are dated slightly later.
Standardization of Ancient Egyptian Pottery in the Second Half of the 3rd Millennium BC: Typological Illusion or Reality?
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malykh Svetlana
Published: September 2024

Ancient Egyptian pottery of the Old Kingdom demonstrates typological uniformity not only within the Memphite capital region, but also in the provinces. During Dynasty IV this was reflected in the ceramic assortment, then during Dynasties V and VI the visual dimensional similarity of individual groups of vessels is clearly noticeable, forcing us to see a manifestation of the ceramic standardization in this phenomenon. The pottery workshops show their subordinate position to temple and noble households, thus the assumption of possible standardization of the most popular ceramic forms — beer jars and bread molds — has the right to exist. The nonmonetary nature of the Egyptian Old Kingdom economy is an additional reason to see standardization in the identity of the ceramic molds and volumes, since beer jars and bread molds were the main means of remuneration for plain workmen of the royal, temple and noble households. However, the study of 38 whole and archaeologically whole beer jars from 13 burial complexes discovered by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002—2019 in the eastern part of the Giza Necropolis, makes us doubt the phenomenon of standardization and suspect that this is just a desired illusion for modern science. Analysis of the dimensional characteristics of the jars shows that their external similarity does not correlate with their dimensional similarity, even within the same complex. Moreover, it is difficult to talk about any local standardization, much less countrywide. Thus, the morphological uniformity of the most widespread ceramic type for the second half of the 3rd millennium BC can’t be explained by a desire of the local or central authorities to ensure dimensional uniformity of the vessels; but we can realte this with a strong pottery tradition and the activities of groups of professional potters who made vessels of a similar shape and size.
About the Moderately Fertile Crescent of the Temperate Climate Zone. (The Steppe Belt of Eastern Europe in the Early and Middle Holocene)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amirov Shahmardan
Published: September 2024

Climatic fluctuations of the Holocene determined synchronous adaptation strategies of the populations living in the same landscape conditions of Subtropical and Temperate climates of Western Eurasia. Parallel consideration of the cultural process in the zone of the Fertile Crescent of Northern Mesopotamia and the steppe belt of Eastern Europe makes it possible to synchronize cultural process of these directly unrelated regions. The first trade contacts between Northern Mesopotamia and Eastern Transcaucasia are known from the Late Ceramic Neolithic period. This makes it possible to link the archaeological sequence of Transcaucasia with the periodization of the Mesopotamian region, which dates back to the multimeter deposits of sedentary agricultural sites from the Early Holocene. Indirectly, it also becomes possible to synchronize the archaeological cultures of the steppe belt of Eastern Europe and Northern Mesopotamia. Since the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic, migration movements and numerous contacts have made parallel dating even more reliable. This is due to the fact that the bearers of the Leylatepe culture of the Eastern Transcaucasia had numerous intensive contacts with populations living in the steppe landscape of the Cisсaucasia region. Finally, the climatic collapse of the end of the IV millennium BC, which led to extinction of the Leylatepe populations and the first movement of the Maikop kurgan culture bearers to Transcaucasia and further to the Middle East, also ensured the first direct contact between the East European steppe belt populations and the Near East.
The Axe in the Ritual Practice of the Early Eneolithic of Eastern Europe: the Origins of the Tradition
Authors:   National Museum of History of Moldova, Manzura Igor
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the problem of changes in ritual practice in the steppe zone of Eastern Europe in the 5th millennium BC. One of the reflections of these transformations is flint and stone axes with an arch-shaped butt, which are often found in the ritual sphere in the form of hoards and funerary offerings. In terms of their morphological features, size and thoroughness of workmanship these items correspond to jadeite axes of the Varna type, which were widespread in the territory of South-Eastern Europe in the Eneolithic and were part of the most prestigious items of funerary inventory. Jadeite axes of this type could be considered as a prototype for the original flint axes of the steppe Eneolithic. Their appearance in the steppe territories should be regarded as part of the significant influence of the early farming cultures of the Carpathian-Balkan circle on the steppe groups in the technological and ideological spheres.
Shaitanka Fortified Settlement of the Late Bronze Age in the Ket’ River Basin (Western Siberia): New Interpretation
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Borzunov Victor
Published: September 2024

In 1967—1968, M.F. Kosarev excavated a fortified settlement of the Molchanovo culture 9th—8th/7th centuries BC in the Shaitanka River basin, and identified it as a “ring fort” surrounded by a moat, rampart and palisade. Subsequently, the researcher attributed it to the large wood-earthen “fortified dwellings” identified by the author. The northernmost distribution area of these fortifications was in the western regions of the taiga Ob’River Region. Buildings of this type began to form here in the Neolithic - Eneolithic (6th — 3rd millennium BC) and became widespread in the Bronze Age (late 3rd millennium — 8th century BC). In the Narym Ob’ River Region and the Ket’ River Basin, fortified dwellings appeared as a result of the migration of fishermen-hunters from the Lower and Surgut Ob’ River Region, caused by a sharp cooling and humidification of the climate at the turn of the 2nd — 1st millennium BC.
Graves of the Late Bronze Age from the Barrows of “Klin” Group on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lysenko Sergey , Razumov Sergey ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, Sinika Vitalij ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, Telnov Nikolaj ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko
Published: September 2024

The paper publishes and analyzes for the first time the burials of the Late Bronze Age discovered in the barrows of the “Klin” group near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The studied graves can be attributed to the Dnieper-Prut Babino and Sabatinvka cultures. These materials continue the series of publications addressing funerary sites of the Late Bronze Age from the vicinity of the Glinoe village, and let us talk about the continuity of funeral traditions in the region throughout the Middle and Late Bronze Age. All graves were radiocarbon dated. Two post-Catacomb burials are of particular interest. One of them (Glinoe/Klin 1/6) was accompanied by a Babino-type vessel with pictograms supposedly reproducing the “basic Indo-European myth.” The second grave (Glinoe/Klin 1/2), with the skeleton lying extended on the back and accompanied by a turnip-shaped vessel, should probably be attributed to the “Eupatoria group” of the Babino cultural circle.
“Silver Age” of the Middle Оka. To the issues of social differentiation and location of the Ryazan-Oka archaeological culture at the intersection of river and land trade routes in the first millennium AD
Authors:   Museum Historical and Cultural Complex of the Shilovo Municipal District of the Ryazan Oblast, Gavrilov Aleksandr
Published: September 2024

The article addresses the reasons behind the Ryazan-Oka archaeological culture’s particular choice of habitat in the first millennium AD as a set of territorial advantages offered by the intersection of the Volga-Oka and Don trade routes. This territory was a key resource and raw material hub for Eastern Europe and a point of optimal contact (accessibility) with the Nistru/Dniester basin, Black Sea, Northern Caucasus, Kama, and Ural regions. All of this led to the formation of the Ryazan-Oka culture's areal, distribution, and influence during the Roman migrations and the Great Migrations. From the second half of the fifth to the middle of the seventh century, there was a period of stability in the microregion, the influx of a huge number of imports, implying the presence of exports from the Middle Oka. Against this background, social differentiation increased, which led to the formation of a more developed social system.
Ptolemids’ Heirs during the Period of Pax Romana? Evolution of the Royal Ideology and Monumental Landscape of the Meroitic State under Natakamani and Amanitore
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Maksim
Published: September 2024

Natakamani and Amanitore ruled the Meroitic (Kushite) kingdom during its last major rise in the 1st century AD. Many scholars consider their reign a period of economic prosperity based on peaceful relations with the Roman Empire and effective control of trade routes between the African inland and the Mediterranean. During the co-regency of Natakamani and Amanitore, an unprecedentedly large-scale program of development of the monumental landscape of the middle Nile Valley was initiated. It is generally believed that the basis for this activity was the desire of the co-rulers to strengthen their legitimacy. This paper examines the cultural landscape of the Meroitic kingdom, the political and economic contexts of the reigns of Natakamani and Amanitore, as well as the main characteristics of the monumental landscape created by them. It is argued that the building activity of the co-rulers reflected the development of the traditional model of relations between Kush and Egypt, whose rulers claimed for their right to unify the lower and middle reaches of the Nile. In this regard, the monumental propaganda of Natakamani and Amanitore appears as an attempt to declare the Meroitic co-rulers as the Ptolemids’ heirs who supported the claims of the Meroitic elites for independence from the Roman Empire.
Artistic Bone Wares of the Ancient Kangju and the Neighboring Countries
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Yatsenko Sergey
Published: September 2024

The Kangju artistic narrative bone wares can be productively considered only against the background of earlier and synchronous Xiongnu, Khwarezmian and Bactrian Yuezhi artifacts. Apparently, this range of products and subjects took shape after a series of migrations from the turn of the 2nd—1st centuries BC. Such items were elements of the military male elite subculture, found on nomadic artifacts — belts, bows, boxes for valuable small items. In form, they are related to the traditions of the more eastern Xiongnu, from which the Yuezhi fled to Western Turkestan. They depicted only men, and there are only two plots — war/honoring the winners and hunting (preparation for it). Their peculiar addition are the scenes of fighting and torturing animals. Seventeen elements of the specific Kangju bone art wares have been identified. Kangju compositions differ from the neighbors by the absence of obvious Hellenistic influence and, apparently, are a visualization of folklore (epic, genealogical legends of the nobility). The nomadic traditions are emphasized here. The non-everyday nature of these scenes is quite clear (symbolic hunting of ungulates without arrows, a combination of a duel of male Bactrians and a pair of warriors on a belt in Orlat; a huge bird, overshadowing the victorious warrior in Kyzylbulak-4; a fantastic beast in Kylyshzhar, etc.). The rivals in Orlat and Kyzylbulak have the same ethnographic characteristics and reflect the legends of the old wars inside Kangju.
A Vault with Stratified Burials from the Fourth Century AD in the Opushki Necropolis
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Khrapunov Igor
Published: September 2024

The ancient Opushki necropolis is located in the sub-mountainous area of the Crimea, about 15 km east of modern Simferopol. The excavation of the necropolis uncovered many grave structures from the fourth century AD, burial vaults in particular. Vault no. 274 stood out among all others. There were eight burials in this vault: permanent collapses of vaulting divided them into three tiers by sub-layers of soil. As a result, the burials and the accompanying grave goods were stratified, so today, we have a good idea about which artifacts were put into the vault earlier and which later. The analysis of the grave goods established that the burials were made during a short period throughout the fourth century AD or Stage C3 of the European timeline. The set of the grave goods from vault no. 274 could be interpreted as typical for the material culture of the population of the sub-mountainous Crimea in the fourth century AD. The Opushki necropolis is the only barbarian funerary site in the Crimea where the dead were buried continuously from the first century BC to the fourth century AD. The necropolis was used by people who belonged to different tribes. The obvious parallels between vault no. 274 and the fourth-century AD vaults at other necropolises in the sub-mountainous Crimea demonstrate that the latest burials in the Opushki necropolis belong to the Neyzats archaeological culture.
Handmade Pottery of Roman Time from the Kartal Hillfort Excavations
Authors:   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Bruyako Igor , Khmelevskaya Ekaterina ,   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: September 2024

One of the largest collections obtained during the excavations of Kartal is handmade pottery (HMP). The collection can be divided into two main groups. The first group consists of forms that are usually called Thracian. The second group of HMP we call the “Steppe” group. It consists of several different complexes of the Northwestern Black Sea region, which belonged to several ethno-cultural groups. Among them are bearers of the so-called Late Scythian culture, the tribes of the Etulian group in Budjak, and the Sarmatians. The presence of mixed residential complexes HMP suggests that ceramics of different cultural traditions were used simultaneously and probably within the same households, suggesting the physical presence of representatives of different ethnic groups. Even in some funerary contexts, as if on purpose, the belonging of vessels to various cultural traditions is emphasized. With all this barbaric flavor, the fort's garrison consisted of soldiers of regular units of the Roman army, which is reliably confirmed by the massive finds of tiles with the stamps of the Legions. The barbarians could perform the functions of federates or auxiliary troops, perform economic duties related, in particular, to the supply of the garrison, and engage in auxiliary military-technical tasks. The family's existence as an institution is not questioned, including interethnic marriages.
Pottery Traditions of Barbarian Population from the South-Western Crimea: Some Results of Research (Based on Hand-Made Pottery from Frontovoe 3 Necropolis)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukhanov Evgeny
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to summarizing and interpreting the results of hand-made pottery analysis from Frontovoe 3 necropolis. Three sets of data are discussed: 1) pottery technology data from Frontovoe 3; 2) pottery technology data from other necropolises in the South-Western Crimea; 3) traditions of vessels shaping Frontovoe 3. To interpret the research results we use data on chronological changes in the composition of funerary food in this site as well as recent methodological developments aimed at identifying the production of a “single master” based on stable skills in creating clay vessel shapes. The main conclusions drawn from this study can be summarized as follows: 1) the pottery traditions presented in underground vaults and graves with niches from the Frontovoe 3 necropolis are highly homogeneous in both manufacturing technology and creating shapes; 2) this homogeneity most likely was brought to Frontovoe 3 in a developed format by a new human collective in the second half of the 3rd — early 4th centuries, consisting of two closely related population groups — individuals buried in the vaults and representatives of the burial rite in the graves with niches.
Late Roman and Early Byzantine Ceramic Imports from the Harbor of Pantikapaion
Authors:   Research Center of History and Archaeology of Crimea, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Smokotina Anna
Published: September 2024

Underwater archaeological studies of 2015—2017 on the route of the Crimean Bridge led to a discovery of a ceramic cluster moved to Ak-Burun Cape, apparently due to dredging in the harbor of Pantikapaion (Bosporus) in the 1970s. The earliest finds date back to the second half/last quarter of the 6th — 5th centuries BC, while material from the 4th—2nd centuries BC predominates. Only a small number of amphorae (about 0.59 %) and red slipware (about 3.13 %) belong to the Late Roman and Early Byzantine period (4th — first half of the 6th century AD) when goods in amphorae (primarily wine) and red slipware were shipped to the Bosporus from various Pontic and Eastern Mediterranean centers. More than half of all amphorae retained visually discernible traces of resin lining (55.17 %). GC/MS analyses of organic remains at the bottom of three studied vessels (Sinopian C Snp I, Cretan TRC 4, and Pontic Antonov 5) suggest wine was the main product delivered in these containers.
Christianization of the Goths and Alanians in the South-Western Crimea in the 4th—6th Centuries
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Aibabin Aleksandr
Published: September 2024

The written accounts and archaeological evidence allow us to speak about the emergence of the Gothic and Alanian Christian communities in the Mountainous Crimea in the second half of the 4th century. It is for these communities that the dipinti εὐλογία amphorae with wine for worship were imported. The Christianization of the limes “barbarians” intensified after Emperor Theodosius I issued edicts in 380 and 381, proclaiming Christianity of the Nicene confession as the only state religion and equating church structures with state institutions. Under Justinian I, the empire built the first prominent temples for the inhabitants of the allied region of Dori. During the reign of Emperor Mauritius (582—602), the Dori region was annexed to the Chersonese ducat and divided into archontia, where, not earlier than 590, fortresses were erected for the Alanians and Goths on the plateau of Mangup (Doros), Eski-Kermen, Bakla and Chufut-Kale. In the second half of the 7th century. archontia were also called climates. In the listed fortresses, besides fortifications, Byzantine engineers built large basilicas. New parishes and those that arose in the 5th—6th centuries belonged to the Сhersonese diocese.