bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Using the Hilar Plate‐First Approach (with Video)
Authors: Cho Sung Chun , Kim Ji Hoon
Published: July 2022

Background

Effective inflow and outflow control of the liver is essential for a safe hepatectomy. Detachment of the hilar plate is a fundamental technique in the Glissonean approach. The hilar plate is situated near the middle hepatic vein, which runs in the midplane of the liver, and serves as a landmark during hemihepatectomy. In this study, we describe the technical details and surgical outcomes of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the hilar plate‐first approach.

Methods

The key procedures of the hilar plate‐first approach included the following: (1) detachment of the hilar plate for the left Glissonean approach, (2) the middle hepatic vein approach from the hilar plate, (3) parenchymal transection along the ischemic line and middle hepatic vein, and (4) transection of the left Glissonean pedicle at the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament.

Results

Between September 2020 and September 2021, 12 patients underwent laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the hilar plate‐first approach. The median operation time was 227 min (range 140–350 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 82.5 ml (range 50–150 ml). The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range 5–10 days). No major complications, including biliary complications, were observed.

Conclusion

The hilar plate‐first approach contributes to the standardization of surgical techniques for laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. This technique is a safe and effective approach for the inflow and outflow systems of the left hemiliver.
Successful catheter ablation of a left posterolateral accessory bypass tract and periinterventional management in a patient with MELAS syndrome
Authors: Goette Andreas , Brandner Sybille , Wojcik Michal Jakub , Berger Christian , Hammwöhner Matthias
Published: July 2022

MELAS syndrome is defined as a combination of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA. All medical interventions in these patients appear challenging due to a high risk of lactate acidosis or anesthesiological complications. Of note, previous reports suggest that these patients have a higher incidence of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Here, a case of successful catheter ablation of a posteroseptal bypass tract using analgosedation in a patient with MELAS syndrome combined with WPW syndrome is presented.
First genetic data for the critically endangered Cuban endemic Zapata Rail Cyanolimnas cerverai, and the taxonomic implications
Authors: Brown Alex F. , Lawrie Yvonne , Shannon Thomas J. , Collinson J. Martin , Kirwan Guy M. , Kirkconnell Arturo , Stervander Martin
Published: July 2022

The taxonomic affinity of the near-flightless Zapata Rail Cyanolimnas cerverai, a critically endangered and highly localized species endemic to Cuba, has long been debated. Morphological analyses have suggested that this species, which constitutes a monotypic genus, could be related either to the extinct Tahitian Cave Rails (Nesotrochis sp.) or to the South American rail tribe Pardirallini, i.e., the genera Neocrex, Mustelirallus, and Pardirallus. While pronounced phenotypic convergence—and divergence—among rails have repeatedly proven morphology-based phylogenies unreliable, thus far no attempt to sequence DNA from the enigmatic Cyanolimnas has succeeded. In this study, we extracted historic DNA from a museum specimen collected in 1927 and sequenced multiple short fragments that allowed us to assemble a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that Cyanolimnas belongs in tribe Pardirallini as sister to genus Neocrex, from which it diverged about 6 million years ago. Their divergence from Mustelirallus was estimated at about 9 million years ago. Based on morphology and our mitochondrial phylogeny, we conclude that it is unjustified to retain the monotypic genus Cyanolimnas and tentatively recommend that C. cerverai and the two Neocrex species are ascribed to genus Mustelirallus.
Assessment of Ligament Viscoelastic Properties Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Cui Andy , Nippolainen Ervin , Shaikh Rubina , Torniainen Jari , Ristaniemi Aapo , Finnilä Mikko , Korhonen Rami K. , Saarakkala Simo , Herzog Walter , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac O.
Published: July 2022

Injuries to the ligaments of the knee commonly impact vulnerable and physically active individuals. These injuries can lead to the development of degenerative diseases such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Non-invasive optical modalities, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, provide means for quantitative evaluation of knee joint tissues and have been proposed as potential quantitative diagnostic tools for arthroscopy. In this study, we evaluate Raman spectroscopy as a viable tool for estimating functional properties of collateral ligaments. Artificial trauma was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in the left or right knee joint of skeletally mature New Zealand rabbits. The corresponding contralateral (CL) samples were extracted from healthy unoperated joints along with a separate group of control (CNTRL) animals. The rabbits were sacrificed at 8 weeks after ACLT. The ligaments were then harvested and measured using Raman spectroscopy. A uniaxial tensile stress-relaxation testing protocol was adopted for determining several biomechanical properties of the samples. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were then employed to correlate the spectral data with the biomechanical properties. Results show that the capacity of Raman spectroscopy for estimating the biomechanical properties of the ligament samples varies depending on the target property, with prediction error ranging from 15.78% for tissue cross-sectional area to 30.39% for stiffness. The hysteresis under cyclic loading at 2 Hz (RMSE = 6.22%, Normalized RMSE = 22.24%) can be accurately estimated from the Raman data which describes the viscous damping properties of the tissue. We conclude that Raman spectroscopy has the potential for non-destructively estimating ligament biomechanical properties in health and disease, thus enhancing the diagnostic value of optical arthroscopic evaluations of ligament integrity.
Rehabilitation robot following motion control algorithm based on human behavior intention
Authors: Miao Ming da , Gao Xue shan , Zhao Jun , Zhao Peng
Published: July 2022

In response to the current problem of low intelligence of mobile lower limb motor rehabilitation aids. This paper proposes an intelligent control scheme based on human movement behavior in order to control the rehabilitation robot to follow the patient’s movement. Firstly, a multi-sensor data acquisition system is designed according to the rehabilitation needs of the patient and the movement characteristics of the human body. A mathematical model of movement behavior is then established. By analyzing and processing motion data, the change in the center of gravity of the human body and the behavior intention signal are derived and used as a control command for the robot to follow the human body’s movement. Secondly, in order to improve the control effect of rehabilitation robot following human motion, an adaptive radial basis function neural network sliding mode controller (ARBFNNSMC) is designed based on the robot dynamic model. The adaptive adjustment of switching gain coefficient is performed by radial basis function neural network. The controller can overcome the influence caused by the change of robot control system parameters due to the fluctuation of the center of gravity of human body, enhance the adaptability of the system to other disturbance factors, and improve the accuracy of following human body motion. Finally, the motion following experiment of the rehabilitation robot is performed. The experimental results show that the robot can recognize the motion intention of human body and perform the training goal of following different subjects to complete straight lines and curves. The correctness of human motion behavior model and robot control algorithm is verified, which shows the feasibility of the intelligent control method proposed in this paper.
CsmithEdge: more effective compiler testing by handling undefined behaviour less conservatively
Authors: Even-Mendoza Karine , Cadar Cristian , Donaldson Alastair F.
Published: July 2022

Compiler fuzzing techniques require a means of generating programs that are free from undefined behaviour (UB) to reliably reveal miscompilation bugs. Existing program generators such as Csmith achieve UB-freedom by heavily restricting the form of generated programs. The idiomatic nature of the resulting programs risks limiting the test coverage they can offer, and thus the compiler bugs they can discover. We investigate the idea of adapting existing fuzzers to be less restrictive concerning UB, in the practical setting of C compiler testing via a new tool, CsmithEdge, which extends Csmith. CsmithEdge probabilistically weakens the constraints used to enforce UB-freedom, thus generated programs are no longer guaranteed to be UB-free. It then employs several off-the-shelf UB detection tools and a novel dynamic analysis to (a) detect cases where the generated program exhibits UB and (b) determine where Csmith has been too conservative in its use of safe math wrappers that guarantee UB-freedom for arithmetic operations, removing the use of redundant ones. The resulting UB-free programs can be used to test for miscompilation bugs via differential testing. The non-UB-free programs can still be used to check that the compiler under test does not crash or hang. Our experiments on recent versions of GCC, LLVM and the Microsoft Visual Studio Compiler show that CsmithEdge was able to discover 7 previously unknown miscompilation bugs (5 already fixed in response to our reports) that could not be found via intensive testing using Csmith, and 2 compiler-hang bugs that were fixed independently shortly before we considered reporting them.
Impact of GO on Non-stoichiometric Mg0.85 K0.3Fe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E. , Allah Asmaa Abd , Ramadan Rania
Published: July 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures are systems with many fascinating novel properties that can be used to study new science and have significant promise for applications. In this study, graphene oxide was prepared using the modified Hummer’s method. In addition, potassium ferrite is a good candidate for biomedical application, as iron and potassium are biocompatible and non-toxic materials. Mg0.85K0.3Fe2O4/GO nanocomposites were prepared by the citrate auto-combustion method. The effect of adding GO to Mg0.85K0.3Fe2O4 on structure, morphology, electrical, and magnetic properties was discussed. Samples under investigation were characterized using XRD, infrared spectroscopy (IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystallite size of prepared samples was decreased from 28.098 to18.148 nm by increasing GO content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirms the successful adhesion of Mg0.85K0.3Fe2O4 nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets, which are dispersed in a metal oxide matrix. EDAX analysis confirms the existence of C, O, K, Mg, and Fe elements present in the samples. Magnetic properties were studied by VSM and Faraday's method. GO has a significant effect on the magnetic properties of nanocomposites. For instance, the saturation magnetization and Curie temperature have diverse values, which will be appropriate for numerous applications.
Symmetry-Resolved Entanglement Entropy in Critical Free-Fermion Chains
Authors: Jones Nick G.
Published: July 2022

The symmetry-resolved Rényi entanglement entropy is the Rényi entanglement entropy of each symmetry sector of a density matrix$$\rho $$ρ. This experimentally relevant quantity is known to have rich theoretical connections to conformal field theory (CFT). For a family of critical free-fermion chains, we present a rigorous lattice-based derivation of its scaling properties using the theory of Toeplitz determinants. We consider a class of critical quantum chains with a microscopic U(1) symmetry; each chain has a low energy description given byNmassless Dirac fermions. For the density matrix,$$\rho _A$$ρA, of subsystems ofLneighbouring sites we calculate the leading terms in the largeLasymptotic expansion of the symmetry-resolved Rényi entanglement entropies. This follows from a largeLexpansion of the charged moments of$$\rho _A$$ρA; we derive$$\mathrm {tr}(\mathrm {e}^{\mathrm {i}\alpha Q_A} \rho _A^n)~=~a \mathrm {e}^{\mathrm {i}\alpha \langle Q_A\rangle } (\sigma L)^{-x}(1+O(L^{-\mu }))$$tr(eiαQAρAn)=aeiα⟨QA⟩(σL)-x(1+O(L-μ)), wherea, xand$$\mu $$μare universal and$$\sigma $$σdepends only on theNFermi momenta. We show that the exponentxcorresponds to the expectation from CFT analysis. The error term$$O(L^{-\mu })$$O(L-μ)is consistent with but weaker than the field theory prediction$$O(L^{-2\mu })$$O(L-2μ). However, using further results and conjectures for the relevant Toeplitz determinant, we find excellent agreement with the expansion over CFT operators.
Why Some Adolescents Are Open To Their Parents’ Political Communication
Authors: Stattin Håkan , Eckstein Katharina , Amnå Erik
Published: July 2022

This study examines the conditions that make adolescents open to their parents’ attempts at political socialization. Based on a reformulation of the perceptual accuracy argument, that parents’ messages are filtered through correct perceptions of these messages by adolescents, the study suggests that adolescents who accurately recognize their parents’ high political sophistication are particularly likely to attend to and be open to their parents’ political communication. This proposition was tested using cluster analysis of a sample of 505 Swedish upper-secondary students and their parents (51% girls; Mage = 16.56, SD = 0.67). The analysis yielded two clusters where adolescents correctly identified (26%) and failed to correctly identify (22%) their parents’ high political sophistication, and three clusters where both parents and adolescents reported low or medium parental political sophistication (10%, 11%, and 32%). In confirmation of the hypothesis, members of the cluster group of adolescents who correctly recognized their parents’ high political sophistication were particularly aware of parents’ political socialization attempts and receptive to parents’ political communication. Moreover, these youth considered their parents’ political views as important and, accordingly, seemed to perceive their parents as political role models.
Optimization of a SWAT model by incorporating geological information through calibration strategies
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Alejandro , Martínez-Pérez Silvia , Pérez-Chavero Francisco M. , Molina-Navarro Eugenio
Published: July 2022

Hydrological models are frequently used for water resources management. One of the most widely used is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). However, one weakness of SWAT is its simplicity in modeling groundwater, which might affect the representation of hydrological processes. Therefore, modeling strategies that are geared towards achieving more realistic simulations would increase the reliability and credibility of SWAT model predictions. In this study, the performance of a SWAT model in a geologically heterogeneous basin was optimized by incorporating geological properties through semi-automatic calibration strategies. Based on its geology, the basin was split into four regions, and a default calibration (Scheme I) was compared with three designed calibration schemes: a zonal calibration (Scheme II), obtaining a parameter set in each of the regions, a zonal calibration after introducing an impervious layer in an aquifuge region (Scheme III), and a final calibration scheme (Scheme IV) where an aquifer region was re-calibrated, changing a parameter controlling the required content of water in the aquifer for return flow to increase groundwater flow. The results from the four schemes were evaluated both statistically and by assessing their plausibility to determine which one resulted in the best model performance and the most realistic simulations. All schemes resulted in a satisfactory statistical model performance, but the sequential optimization in the final scheme realistically reproduced the heterogenous hydrological behavior of the geological regions within the basin. To the best of our knowledge, our work addresses this issue for the first time, providing new insights about how to simulate catchments including aquifuge substrates.
Proximity and inter-firm corruption: A transaction cost approach
Authors: Troisi Roberta , Alfano Gaetano
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to analyse inter-firm corruption and to ascertain whether the proximity of firms engaged in corruption is a significant factor. We draw on transaction cost theory to explore two forms of corrupt exchange (negotiated vs. productive) and the role of proximity in reducing transaction costs. We obtained original data from the judgements of the Italian Court of Cassation and clustered homogeneous proximities. We then used separate binomial logistic regressions to show how the relation between transaction properties, the consequences for transaction costs and forms of corrupt exchange lead to different outcomes for each subgroup of proximities. The results show that technological and geographical proximity are beneficial to both forms of exchange, leading to a reduction in exchange costs, in much the same way as legal activities. However, unlike legal exchanges, corrupt and in particular productive exchanges do not appear to benefit from social proximity.
A review of the neural control of micturition in dogs and cats: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neuroplasticity
Authors: Gernone Floriana , Uva Annamaria , Maiolini Arianna , Zatelli Andrea
Published: July 2022

This article discusses the current knowledge on the role of the neurological structures, especially the cerebellum and the hypothalamus, and compares the information with human medicine. Micturition is a complex voluntary and involuntarily mechanism. Its physiological completion strictly depends on the hierarchical organisation of the central nervous system pathways in the peripheral nervous system. Although the role of the peripheral nervous system and subcortical areas, such as brainstem centres, are well established in veterinary medicine, the role of the cerebellum and hypothalamus have been poorly investigated and understood. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is often associated with neurological diseases that cause neurogenic bladder (NB). The neuroplasticity of the nervous system in the developmental changes of the mechanism of micturition during the prenatal and postnatal periods is also analysed.
Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in Australia: Future Projection of Supply and Demand, and Costs
Authors: Dona Sithara Wanni Arachchige , Angeles Mary Rose , Nguyen Dieu , Gao Lan , Hensher Martin
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in developed countries, including Australia. There is evidence that bariatric surgery is effective in losing weight and reducing risk of chronic diseases. However, access to bariatric surgery remains limited in the public health sector.

Method

We modelled population-based estimates of the likely numbers of people eligible for bariatric surgery in Australia using the recent Australian New Zealand Metabolic and Obesity Surgery Society (ANZMOSS) framework and estimated the potential costs that would be incurred from primary and subsequent reoperations in both public and private sector.

Results

The annual number of newly eligible patients is expected to rise, and hence the gap in demand is increasing relative to current baseline supply. If a 5-year program to treat all currently eligible patients was implemented, the maximum yearly demand is projected to be 341,343 primary surgeries, more than eight times the existing capacity of public and private sector, which can only offer 41,534 surgeries/year. A nine-fold increase is expected if we treat currently eligible patients over a 5-year program and all newly eligible patients as they occur each year.

Conclusion

Our results highlighted the currently highly skewed distribution of bariatric surgeries between the private and public sectors. Improving access would bring substantial benefits to many Australians, given the demonstrated cost-effectiveness and cost savings. This requires a major increase in resourcing for publicly-funded access to bariatric surgery in the first instance. A national review of priorities and resourcing for all modes of obesity treatment is required in Australia.

Graphical abstract
Artificial empathy in marketing interactions: Bridging the human-AI gap in affective and social customer experience
Authors: Liu-Thompkins Yuping , Okazaki Shintaro , Li Hairong
Published: July 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform firm-customer interactions. However, current AI marketing agents are often perceived as cold and uncaring and can be poor substitutes for human-based interactions. Addressing this issue, this article argues that artificial empathy needs to become an important design consideration in the next generation of AI marketing applications. Drawing from research in diverse disciplines, we develop a systematic framework for integrating artificial empathy into AI-enabled marketing interactions. We elaborate on the key components of artificial empathy and how each component can be implemented in AI marketing agents. We further explicate and test how artificial empathy generates value for both customers and firms by bridging the AI-human gap in affective and social customer experience. Recognizing that artificial empathy may not always be desirable or relevant, we identify the requirements for artificial empathy to create value and deduce situations where it is unnecessary and, in some cases, harmful.
User Profiling to Enhance Clinical Assessment and Human–Robot Interaction: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Fiorini Laura , Coviello Luigi , Sorrentino Alessandra , Sancarlo Daniele , Ciccone Filomena , D’Onofrio Grazia , Mancioppi Gianmaria , Rovini Erika , Cavallo Filippo
Published: July 2022

Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) are designed to support us in our daily life as a companion, and assistance but also to support the caregivers’ work. SARs should show personalized and human-like behavior to improve their acceptance and, consequently, their use. Additionally, they should be trustworthy by caregivers and professionals to be used as support for their work (e.g. objective assessment, decision support tools). In this context the aim of the paper is dual. Firstly, this paper aims to present and discuss the robot behavioral model based on sensing, perception, decision support, and interaction modules. The novel idea behind the proposed model is to extract and use the same multimodal features set for two purposes: (i) to profile the user, so to be used by the caregiver as a decision support tool for the assessment and monitoring of the patient; (ii) to fine-tune the human–robot interaction if they can be correlated to the social cues. Secondly, this paper aims to test in a real environment the proposed model using a SAR robot, namely ASTRO. Particularly, it measures the body posture, the gait cycle, and the handgrip strength during the walking support task. Those collected data were analyzed to assess the clinical profile and to fine-tune the physical interaction. Ten older people (65.2 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled for this study and were asked to walk with ASTRO at their normal speed for 10 m. The obtained results underline a good estimation (p < 0.05) of gait parameters, handgrip strength, and angular excursion of the torso with respect to most used instruments. Additionally, the sensory outputs were combined in the perceptual model to profile the user using non-classical and unsupervised techniques for dimensionality reduction namely T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and non-classic multidimensional scaling (nMDS). Indeed, these methods can group the participants according to their residual walking abilities.
Uniting Nations
Authors: Gorman Daniel
Published: July 2022

Uniting Nations is a comparative study of Britons who worked in the United Nations and international non-governmental and civil society organizations from 1945 to 1970 and their role in forging the postwar international system. Daniel Gorman interweaves the personal histories of scores of individuals who worked in UN organizations, the world government movement, Quaker international volunteer societies, and colonial freedom societies to demonstrate how international public policy often emerged 'from the ground up.' He reveals the importance of interwar, Second World War, colonial, and voluntary experiences in inspiring international careers, how international and national identities intermingled in the minds of international civil servants and civil society activists, and the ways in which international policy is personal. It is in the personal relationships forged by international civil servants and activists, positive and negative, biased and altruistic, short-sighted or visionary, that the “international” is to be found in the postwar international order.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2020
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: July 2022

The Dispute Settlement Reports are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and a valued resource for students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2020: Volume 4 provides the reports on 'Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging (WT/DS435, WT/DS441)'.
Adaptive Inventories
Authors: Montgomery Jacob M. , Rossiter Erin L.
Published: July 2022

The goal of this Element is to provide a detailed introduction to adaptive inventories, an approach to making surveys adjust to respondents' answers dynamically. This method can help survey researchers measure important latent traits or attitudes accurately while minimizing the number of questions respondents must answer. The Element provides both a theoretical overview of the method and a suite of tools and tricks for integrating it into the normal survey process. It also provides practical advice and direction on how to calibrate, evaluate, and field adaptive batteries using example batteries that measure variety of latent traits of interest to survey researchers across the social sciences.
Imagination and Creative Thinking
Authors: Kind Amy
Published: July 2022

This Element explores the nature of both imagination and creative thinking in an effort to understand the relation between them and also to understand their role in the vast array of activities in which they are typically implicated, from art, music, and literature to technology, medicine, and science. Focusing on the contemporary philosophical literature, it will take up several interrelated questions: What is imagination, and how does it fit into the cognitive architecture of the mind? What is creativity? Is imagination required for creativity? Is creativity required for imagination? Is a person simply born either imaginative or not (and likewise, either creative or not), or are imagination and creativity skills that can be cultivated? And finally, are imagination and creativity uniquely human capacities, or can they be had by nonbiological entities such as AI systems?
How manufacturing firms navigate through stormy waters of digitalization: the role of dynamic capabilities, organizational factors and environmental turbulence for business model innovation
Authors: Witschel Daliborka , Baumann Dominik , Voigt Kai-Ingo
Published: July 2022

Although research has shown that business model innovation (BMI) is an effective means to remain competitive in the digital age, many firms do not respond appropriately and often fail to exploit new digital opportunities. In this study, we adopt a microfoundational approach to understand the role and effects of dynamic capabilities (DCs) on BMI in the context of digitalization. Furthermore, we test how this relationship is influenced by contextual factors. Our results from a survey of German manufacturing firms demonstrate the importance of building strong DCs for effective BMI in the context of digitalization. We also highlight the advantages of an entrepreneurial leadership and mindset in this context. The study further suggests that environmental turbulence in the digital context acts as an antecedent to DCs and BMI, rather than moderating their relationship. While strategic factors indirectly affect BMI as antecedents of DCs, we found no evidence of an influence of the organizational structure.
Middle East consensus recommendations on the use of young child formula (YCF) in toddlers
Authors: Al-Biltagi Mohammed , Faysal Wafaa , Alabdulrazzaq Fatoumah , Alsabea Hassan , Bassil Ziad , Chamseddine Fadi , Chokr Imad , El-Beleidy Ahmed , Ezzat Mostafa , Farrah Antoine , Mizyed Mohammad , Sayed Ashraf Othman Saleh , Talib Hussam Abu , Wali Yasser
Published: July 2022

The transition of foods during toddlerhood and the suboptimal diets consumed in the Middle East make children susceptible to malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Based on international recommendations, coupled with the merits of clinical studies on the application of young child formula (YCF), a group of fourteen experts from the Middle East reached a consensus on improving the nutritional status of toddlers. The recommendations put forth by the expert panel comprised twelve statements related to the relevance of YCF in young children; the impact of YCF on their nutritional parameters and functional outcomes; characteristics of the currently available YCF and its ideal composition; strategies to supply adequate nutrition in young children and educational needs of parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs). This consensus aims to serve as a guide to HCPs and parents, focusing on improving the nutritional balance in toddlers in the Middle Eastern region. The panellists considere YCF to be one of the potential solutions to improve the nutritional status of young children in the region. Other strategies to improve the nutritional status of young children include fortified cow's milk and cereals, vitamin and mineral supplements, early introduction of meat and fish, and the inclusion of diverse foods in children's diets.
OLD-SCHOOL STRENGTH: PELEUS AS OLD MAN IN EURIPIDES’ANDROMACHE
Authors: Rimerman Herbert
Published: July 2022

The Peleus of Euripides’Andromachemakes claims puzzlingly incongruous with his decrepit physical state; he threatens physical violence against the much younger Menelaus and denies his advanced age outright in conversation with Andromache. Peleus’ motivations for acting in such a way, Menelaus’ cause for acting as if these claims are true, and the literary or dramatic significance of these affairs, all pose problems which this article addresses, while also offering a first step towards a comprehensive methodology for understanding old age in Euripidean drama. It presents a unified view of old men across several plays, highlighting key patterns of their interaction with old age, and applies this broad perspective to a close analysis of Peleus’ portrayal in theAndromache.It argues that old men in the plays of Euripides can be viewed generally on either side of a dichotomy between giving effective counsel or participating effectively in physical conflict. Peleus subverts this dichotomy by denying the fact of his age throughout, an action which allows him to employ the skill in speaking gained by his old age as a dramatic substitute for direct physical confrontation and to occupy the social role of a younger man in the Greek household.
Questions médicales controversées, déclarations de consensus et participation du public : le cas des conférences de consensus du National Institute of Health
Authors: Debray Stéphanie
Published: July 2022

Les conférences de consensus duNational Institute of Health(NIH), aujourd'hui abandonnées, ont servi de modèle pour établir des programmes de développement de consensus similaires dans d'autres pays. L'intérêt épistémique de ce dispositif fut notamment discuté. Cet article vise à examiner deux positions philosophiques opposées au moyen d'une synthèse des arguments adressés à Miriam Solomon par Laszlo Kosolosky et Jeroen Van Bouwel. Une position philosophique intermédiaire laisse ensuite entrevoir l'intérêt méthodologique d'une analyse rétrospective des conférences de consensus du NIH pour évaluer l'impact d'un forum public sur les recommandationsin finetransmises aux professionnels de santé et citoyens.
Working without Wages: Network Structure and Migrant Construction Workers’ Protests in China
Authors: Wei Haitao , Chan Cheris Shun-ching
Published: July 2022

Migrant construction workers are among the most vulnerable working populations in China as they are prone to facing the problem of wage arrears under the multi-tier subcontracting system. Based on ethnographic research of migrant construction workers in Tianjin, Shenzhen, Nanchang and Shaoguan, we examine workers’ divergent responses to wage arrears. While extant literature focuses on the positive role of informal networks in facilitating collective action, our findings indicate that the network structure between labour subcontractors and migrant workers plays a key role in enabling or constraining labour protests. We identify two network structures: the satellite network – characterized by arm's-length relationships between subcontractors and clusters of workers; and the spider-web network – characterized by strong relationships between subcontractors and their workers. We found that workers in satellite networks were prone to stage protests over wage arrears, but those in spider-web networks never held collective actions when facing the same problem. We argue that strongguanxiis a double-edged sword for the mobilization of labour protests and that workers’ responses to wage arrears are mediated through the network structure. Future studies may further scrutinize the role of a social network and its operating mechanisms in shaping workers’ working conditions and labour politics.
Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms and post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from the Arizona CoVHORT
Authors: Austhof Erika , Bell Melanie L. , Riddle Mark S. , Catalfamo Collin , McFadden Caitlyn , Cooper Kerry , Scallan Walter Elaine , Jacobs Elizabeth , Pogreba-Brown Kristen
Published: July 2022

In this study, we aimed to examine the association between gastrointestinal (GI) symptom presence during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the prevalence of GI symptoms and the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). We used data from a prospective cohort and logistic regression to examine the association between GI symptom status during confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevalence of persistent GI symptoms at ≥45 days. We also report the incidence of PI-IBS following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 1475 participants in this study, 33.8% (n= 499) had GI symptoms during acute infection. Cases with acute GI symptoms had an odds of persisting GI symptoms 4 times higher than cases without acute GI symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 4.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.45–7.53); symptoms lasted on average 8 months following infection. Of those with persisting GI symptoms, 67% sought care for their symptoms and incident PI-IBS occurred in 3.0% (n= 15) of participants. Those with acute GI symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely to have similar persistent symptoms 45 days and greater. These data indicate that attention to a potential increase in related healthcare needs is warranted.
Bioethics, Ukraine, and the Peril of Silence
Authors: Fins Joseph J.
Published: July 2022

By considering the history of bioethics and international humanitarian law, Joseph J. Fins contends that bioethics as an academic and moral community should stand in solidarity with Ukraine as it defends freedom and civility.
Critical CHD screening programme: a 3-year multicentre experience in Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez René , Galindo-Hayashi José M. , Cantú-Reyna Consuelo , Vazquez-Cantu Diana L. , Britton-Robles Cecilia , Cruz-Camino Héctor
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

CHDs are the most common type of birth defect. One in four newborns with a heart defect has a critical CHD. In Mexico, there is a lack of data available to determine its prevalence. Pulse oximetry screening programmes have been implemented worldwide, reporting opportunity areas in algorithm interpretation and data management. Our study aims to share preliminary results of a 3-year experience of a multicentre pulse oximetry screening programme that addresses critical challenges.

Materials and methods:

This retrospective study examined the reports of newborns screened from February 2016 to July 2019 from five hospitals. Two algorithms –the New Jersey and the American Academy of Pediatrics– were implemented over consecutive periods. The algorithms’ impact was assessed through the calculation of the false-positive rate in an eligible population.

Results:

A total of 8960 newborns were eligible for the study; from it, 32.27% were screened under the New Jersey and 67.72% under the American Academy of Pediatrics algorithm – false-positive rate: 1% (CI 95: ± 0.36%) and 0.71% (CI 95: ± 0.21%), respectively. Seventy-nine newborns were referred, six were diagnosed with critical CHD, and six with CHD. The critical CHD estimated prevalence was 6.69:10,000 newborns (CI 95: ± 5.36). Our results showed that the algorithm was not related to the observable false-positive rate reduction.

Discussion:

Other factors may play a role in decreasing the false-positive rate. Our experience implementing this programme was that a systematic screening process led to more confident results, newborn’s report interpretation, and follow-up.
Neighborhood inequalities and the decline of infant mortality in São Paulo
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. , Grafova Irina , Ayoub Rafael , Weisz Daniel , Rodwin Victor G.
Published: July 2022

This paper documents changes in infant mortality (IM) rates in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2013 and examines the association among neighborhood characteristics and IM. We investigate the extent to which increased use of health care services and improvements in economic and social conditions are associated with reductions in IM. Using data from the Brazilian Census and the São Paulo Secretaria Municipal da Saúde/SMS, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of panel data in all 96 districts of São Paulo for every year between 2003 and 2013. Our regression model includes district level measures that reflect economic, health care and social determinants of IM. We find that investments in health care have contributed to lower IM rates in the city, but the direct effect of increased spending is most evident for people living in São Paulo's middle- and high-income neighborhoods. Improvements in social conditions were more strongly associated with IM declines than increases in the use of health care among São Paulo's low-income neighborhoods. To reduce health inequalities, policies should target benefits to lower-income neighborhoods. Subsequent research should document the consequences of recent changes in Brazil's economic capacity and commitment to public health spending for population health.
Association between maternal prenatal psychological distress and autism spectrum disorder among 3-year-old children: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Nishigori Toshie , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Miyuki , Suzuki Taeko , Watanabe Madoka , Imaizumi Karin , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Ogata Yuka , Sato Akiko , Shinoki Kosei , Yasumura Seiji , Fujimori Keiya , Nishigori Hidekazu , Hosoya Mitsuaki ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: July 2022

Maternal prenatal psychological distress, which includes depression and anxiety, affects the onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is no consistent knowledge regarding at which term during pregnancy psychological distress affects the risk of ASD among children. We used a dataset obtained from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, to evaluate the association between the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and ASD among 3-year-old children. A total of 78,745 children were analyzed, and 355 of them were diagnosed with ASD (0.45%). The maternal K6 was administered twice during pregnancy: at a median of 15.1 weeks (M-T1) and at that of 27.4 weeks (M-T2) of gestation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the group with a maternal K6 score of ≥5 at both M-T1 and M-T2 was significantly associated with ASD among the children (adjusted odds ratio, 1.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.104–1.877) compared to the group with a score of ≤4 at both M-T1 and M-T2. There was no significant difference between the group with a score of ≥5 only at M-T1 or M-T2 and that with a score of ≤4 at both M-T1 and M-T2. In conclusion, from the first to the second half of pregnancy, continuous maternal psychological distress was associated with ASD among 3-year-old children. Contrarily, in the group without persistent maternal psychological distress during pregnancy, there was no significant association.
Explaining Solar Flare‐Induced Ionospheric Ion Upflow at Millstone Hill (42.6°N)
Authors: Liu Xuanqing , Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Zhang Kedeng , Lei Jiuhou , Liu Libo , Chen Xuetao , Li Shuhan , Zhang Qing‐He , Xing Zan‐Yang
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have shown that solar flares can significantly affect Earth's ionosphere and induce ion upflow with a magnitude of ∼110 m/s in the topside ionosphere (∼570 km) at Millstone Hill (42.61°N, 71.48°W). We use simulations from the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and observations from Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) at Millstone Hill to reveal the mechanism of ionospheric ion upflow near the X9.3 flare peak (07:16 LT) on 6 September 2017. The ISR observed ionospheric upflow was captured by the TIEGCM in both magnitude and morphology. The term analysis of the F‐region ion continuity equation during the solar flare shows that the ambipolar diffusion enhancement is the main driver for the upflow in the topside ionosphere, while ion drifts caused by electric fields and neutral winds play a secondary role. Further decomposition of the ambipolar diffusive velocity illustrates that flare‐induced changes in the vertical plasma density gradient is responsible for ion upflow. The changes in the vertical plasma density gradient are mainly due to solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 15.5–79.8 nm) induced electron density and temperature enhancements at the F2‐region ionosphere with a minor and indirectly contribution from X‐ray (0–15.5 nm) and ultraviolet (UV, 79.8–102.7 nm).
Understanding the Calcium Carbonate Cycle in the North Pacific
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: July 2022

Using data collected from Hawaii to Alaska, a new study sheds light on calcium carbonate cycling in the ocean, an understudied component of the global carbon cycle.
JGR: Planets Author Aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Watkins Jessica , Rogers A. , Grotzinger John
Published: July 2022

NASA Astronaut and planetary geologist Dr. Jessica Watkins recently published her post-doctoral Mars research in JGR: Planets, just prior to heading to the International Space Station.
GFI1B acts as a metabolic regulator in hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Longlong , Patnana Pradeep Kumar , Xie Xiaoqing , Frank Daria , Nimmagadda Subbaiah Chary , Su Minhua , Zhang Donghua , Koenig Thorsten , Rosenbauer Frank , Liebmann Marie , Klotz Luisa , Xu Wendan , Vorwerk Jan , Neumann Felix , Hüve Jana , Unger Andreas , Okun Jürgen Günther , Opalka Bertram , Khandanpour Cyrus
Published: July 2022

Recent studies highlighted the role of transcription factors in metabolic regulation during hematopoiesis and leukemia development. GFI1B is a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis, and its expression is negatively related to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We earlier reported a change in the metabolic state of hematopoietic stem cells upon Gfi1b deletion. Here we explored the role of Gfi1b in metabolism reprogramming during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. We demonstrated that Gfi1b deletion remarkably activated mitochondrial respiration and altered energy metabolism dependence toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial substrate dependency was shifted from glucose to fatty acids upon Gfi1b deletion via upregulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). On a molecular level, Gfi1b epigenetically regulated multiple FAO-related genes. Moreover, we observed that metabolic phenotypes evolved as cells progressed from preleukemia to leukemia, and the correlation between Gfi1b expression level and metabolic phenotype was affected by genetic variations in AML cells. FAO or OXPHOS inhibition significantly impeded leukemia progression of Gfi1b-KO MLL/AF9 cells. Finally, we showed that Gfi1b-deficient AML cells were more sensitive to metformin as well as drugs implicated in OXPHOS and FAO inhibition, opening new potential therapeutic strategies.
Donor genetic determinant of thymopoiesis rs2204985 impacts clinical outcome after single HLA mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Gowdavally Sowmya , Platzbecker Uwe , Sala Elisa , Valerius Thomas , Wagner-Drouet Eva , Wulf Gerald , Kröger Nicolaus , Murawski Niels , Einsele Hermann , Schaefer-Eckart Kerstin , Freitag Sebastian , Casper Jochen , Kaufmann Martin , Dürholt Mareike , Hertenstein Bernd , Klein Stefan , Ringhoffer Mark , Frank Sandra , Neuchel Christine , Rode Immanuel , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Mytilineos Joannis , Fuerst Daniel
Published: July 2022

A common genetic variant within the T cell receptor alpha (TCRA)-T cell receptor delta (TCRD) locus (rs2204985) has been recently found to associate with thymic function. Aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of donor rs2204985 genotype on patient’s outcome after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (uHSCT). 2016 adult patients were retrospectively analyzed. rs2204985 genotyping was performed by next generation sequencing, p < 0.05 was considered significant and donor rs2204985 GG/AG genotypes were set as reference vs. the AA genotype. Multivariate analysis of the combined cohort regarding the impact of donor’s rs2204985 genotype indicated different risk estimates in 10/10 and 9/10 HLA matched transplantations. A subanalysis on account of HLA incompatibility revealed that donor AA genotype in single HLA mismatched cases (n = 624) associated with significantly inferior overall- (HR: 1.48, p = 0.003) and disease-free survival (HR: 1.50, p = 0.001). This effect was driven by a combined higher risk of relapse incidence (HR: 1.40, p = 0.026) and non-relapse mortality (HR: 1.38, p = 0.042). This is the first study to explore the role of rs2204985 in a clinical uHSCT setting. Our data suggest that donor rs2204985 AA genotype in combination with single HLA mismatches may adversely impact post-HSCT outcome and should thus be avoided.