bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF USING THE “AUDS” SYSTEM FOR COUNTERING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT DEVICES
Authors: Nikitchenko V. , Oliinyk R. , Ivanov D. , Zhivetc Yu. , Shumigay O.
Published: April 2023

The article investigates the effectiveness of using the “AUDS” system to counter unmanned aerial vehicles by summarizing research, testing and analysis of the current state of development of unmanned aerial vehicles and means of radio-electronic combat against them. The object of the study is the anti-UAV defense system “AUDS” (Anti-UAV Defense System), produced by the ECS company (Great Britain), which came as material and technical assistance to Ukraine from partner countries. In the course of Russian’s armed aggression against Ukraine, the widespread use of commercially available small UAVs, as well as UAVs of the barrage type, requires the protection of critical infrastructure, important facilities, and military units from their impact. The experience of conducting combat operations in modern wars has shown that the use of expensive air defense equipment against small and medium-sized UAVs is not always appropriate. Therefore, it is the radio electronic suppression (REP) systems that are able to effectively solve the task of countering the specified types of UAVs. The article contains recommendations for improving the “AUDS” system to increase the effectiveness of detection and radio electronic suppression of modern and promising unmanned aerial vehicles, including those produced by the Islamic Republic of Iran.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF IMPROVING THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT OF AIRCRAFTS
Authors: Parashchenko T. , Zaets M. , Vasylenko R.
Published: April 2023

The development of aviation technology is directly related to technological progress. Taking this into account, the question of switching to modern light sources on aircraft arises. Lighting equipment plays an important role in ensuring the operation of aircraft and flight safety, especially at night. Among the elements of aircraft’s electrical equipment, lighting equipment represents a fairly large electrical load (5.20 % of the total power of consumers).Today, incandescent lamps are most often used in aircraft lighting systems, in which an incandescent thread (a refractory conductor, a spiral made of tungsten alloy), located in a glass vessel with a vacuum or filled with an inert gas, is heated to a high temperature (luminosity temperature) due to the flow of electric current through this thread.

Recently, reliable and energy-efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) light sources have been widely implemented in lighting systems for various purposes. Light diodes have now become light sources that are produced on an industrial scale for a variety of needs. LEDs are one of the key devices in today’s technological society. Unlike many other light sources, LEDs can convert electrical energy into light with an efficiency close to unity. It is expected that the role of LEDs will only grow and in the future they will become the main source of light.

Consequently, the light sources currently used on aircraft of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are outdated and do not correspond to the level of accumulated scientific and technical potential. Therefore, research aimed at introducing LED light technologies to the lighting equipment of aircraft is relevant.

The article considers the typical structure and main characteristics of aircraft’s lighting equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The stages of development of aircraft lighting equipment, the main types of existing lighting sources and their features are considered. It is noted that the development of lighting technology and the successful introduction of LEDs into lighting technology for various purposes allow us to consider the possibility of using them as the main light source on aircraft in order to improve operational characteristics. The relevance of conducting research aimed at improving the lighting equipment of aircraft is substantiated.
Аспекты международного опыта реализации политики в отношении медицинской ответственности в акушерстве и гинекологии: обзор литературы
Authors: Алчимбаева М.А. , Рахыпбеков Т.К. , Аскаров Б.Б. , Шаназаров Н.А. , Ержанова Ф.Н. , Кисикова С.Д. , Базарова Г.С. , Баймагамбетова А.А. , Алиева Ш.У. , Цигенгагель О.П.
Published: April 2023

Актуальность: Акушерство и гинекология занимаются благополучием как плода, так и матери, тем самым в большинстве клинических случаев профессиональная ответственность удваивается. Во всем мире наблюдается рост судебных исков против медицинских работников различных специальностей. Акушерство и гинекология считается одной из специальностей связанной с высоким риском возникновения неблагоприятных событий. В этой связи, поставщики медицинских услуг и родильные дома должны тщательно учитывать аспекты медицинской ответственности. В этой работе рассматриваются данные, оценивающие или сравнивающие эффективность реформ медицинской ответственности и стратегий повышения качества медицинской помощи, связанных с судебными разбирательствами в области акушерства и гинекологии.Цель исследования – изучить имеющиеся литературные данные об опыте проведения эффективной реформы медицинской ответственности в разных странах для совершенствования стратегий повышения качества в части судебных компенсаций, связанных с медицинскими ошибками в акушерстве и гинекологии.Материалы и методы: Проведен поиск научных публикаций в поисковых системах PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, e-Library на английском, казахском и русском языках, по ключевым словам, и медицинским тематическим заголовкам среди материалов, опубликованных с 2012 по 2022 гг. В обзор было включено 20 статей.Результаты: В данном обзоре обобщается опыт инициатив по совершенствованию системы судебного разбирательства в отношении медицинской ответственности, в том числе подходы без вины, инициативы в отношении политики обеспечения безопасности пациентов, коммуникация и разрешение конфликтных ситуаций, ограничения судебных компенсаций и гонораров адвокатов, альтернативная система оплаты и медицинской ответственности, а также ограничений в части права на возмещение судебных издержек.Заключение: Проведенный обзор литературы продемонстрировал, что государственные стратегии развивающихся стран по сокращению судебных разбирательств в отношении медицинской ответственности имеют тесную связь со снижением частоты неблагоприятных событий и случаев злоупотребления служебным положением в акушерстве и гинекологии.
Факторы риска для развития тонкого эндометрия и влияние на исходы программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий
Authors: Забродина Ю.В. , Ахмедьянова Г.У. , Хамидуллина З.Г.
Published: April 2023

Актуальность: Влияние толщины эндометрия на исход программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) все еще обсуждается. Некоторые исследования показали, что этот параметр важен для прогнозирования исхода циклов ВРТ, другие исследования не показали положительного влияния. В третьей категории исследований толщина эндометрия была связана с исходом ЭКО, но только в сочетании с другими параметрами.
Цель исследования – изучить факторы риска развития тонкого эндометрия и оценить влияние толщины эндометрия на исход программ ВРТ.
Материалы и методы: Для участия в исследовании было отобрано 200 пациенток, проходивших процедуру вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Для оценки влияния толщины эндометрия на исход программ ВРТ пациенты были разделены на три группы в соответствии с толщиной эндометрия (1 группа: 7,0-7,9мм; 2 группа:8,0-8,9 мм; 3 группа: 9,0-10,0 мм). Всем женщинам было проведено трансвагинальное ультразвуковое исследование и назначена стандартная терапия эстрадиолом валератом 2 мг по 1 таблетке три раза в день. Окончательным считалась толщина эндометрия, зафиксированная на 13 день менструального цикла, начиная с этого же дня, пациенткам подключали вагинальный прогестерон 200 мг 3 раза в день. Перенос эмбрионов осуществлялся при достижении эндометрия 7 мм с помощью специального катетера на 19 день менструального цикла.
Результаты: Пациенты более старшего возраста были в 1-ой группе с эндометрием 7,0-7,9 мм, самые молодые пациенты в 3-ей группе (9,0-10,0 мм). В 1-ой группе пациентов преобладал эндокринный фактор бесплодия (33,3%), во 2-ой группе – трубный фактор (29,2%), а в 3-ей группе – мужской фактор (36,1%). Исследование показало, что более половины пациентов с тонким эндометрием имели такие факторы риска, как выскабливание полости матки и хронический эндометрит (37,5 % и 22,9% соответственно), в то время как у пациентов 3-ей группы в 87,5% случаев отсутствовали какие-либо факторы риска. Процент наступления беременности так же заметно возрастал, с увеличением толщины эндометрия. Самый низкий процент наступления клинической беременности был в 1-ой группе пациентов (27,0%), самый высокий в 3-ей группе (51,4%). Пороговое значение, при котором беременность не наступит, является толщина эндометрия менее 7,5 мм. А толщина эндометрия, при которой шансы на положительный исход превышают отрицательный результат – 8,5 мм.
Заключение: Полученные результаты проведенного нами исследования свидетельствуют о том, что факторами, оказывающими негативное влияние на толщину эндометрия, являются кюретаж полости матки и хронический эндометрит. Кроме того, мы пришли к выводу, что шансы на успешный исход программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий возрастают вместе с увеличением толщины эндометрия, а минимально-рекомендуемая толщина эндометрия для переноса составляет 7,5 мм.
Жатыр мойны фондық ауруларының клиникалық ағымы мен құрылымық ерекшеліктері
Authors: Бегимбекова Л.М. , Саркулова И.С. , Оразбаева Ж.Б. , Нұрлан А.Н. , Димрал С.Р.
Published: April 2023

Өзектілігі: жатыр мойны патологиясы-жатыр мойнының әртүрлі жағдайлары мен ауруларының жалпы атауы. Қазіргі уақытта мұндай патологиялар көптеген әйелдерге әсер етеді және әлемдегі ең көп таралған аурулар-дың бірі болып саналады. Ең алдымен, олар репродуктивті денсаулыққа әсер етеді, бірақ олардың басты қауіптілігі-тіпті фондық аурулар қатерлі ісікке әкелуі мүмкін. Зерттеудің мақсаты – жатыр мойны патологиясының клиникалық ағымын, құрылымын және олардың әлеуметтік факторлармен байланысын зерттеу.Материалдар мен әдістерi: 2019-2021 жылдар ара-лығында Шымкент қаласындағы (Қазақстан) №2 қалалық аурухананың емханасына отбасын жоспарлау мақсатында жүгінген 22 жастан 50 жасқа дейінгі 6829 әйелдің амбу-латорлық карта деректеріне ретроспективті зерттеу жүргізілді.Нәтижелері: Жатыр мойны патологиясының құрылымында жатыр мойнының эрозиялары жиі (әйелдердің 8,2-ден 18,7%-на дейін) және эндоцервицит (әйелдердің 8,2-ден 18,7%-на дейін) анықталды. әйелдердің 5, 8-ден 9,6%-ға дейін). Эндоцервикс полипі сияқты басқа патологиялар біркелкі мөлшерде пайда болды. 2019-2021 жылдардағы дені сау әйелдер мен жатыр мойны патоло-гиясы бар әйелдердің үлесін салыстыру сау әйелдердің 73,31; 2019, 2020 және 2021 жылдары 80,78 және 88,77%, жатыр мойны патологиясы бар әйелдер – 26,69; тиісінше 19,72 және 11,23%.Қорытынды: Біз жатыр мойны эрозиясын асимптома-тикалық ағымы бар патология ретінде қарастыруға болмайды деп ойлаймыз, бірақ бұл әрдайым несеп-жыныс жүйесіндегі әйелдерде симптомдардың себебі бола бермейді. Жатыр мойны патологияларыны уақтылы дұрыс анықтап ,тиісті шараларын дәл уақтында қолдану қажет. Жатыр мойнының фондық және ісікке дейінгі ауруларын уақтылы анықтау және тиісті емдеу оның қатерлі дегене-рациясының пайда болуына жол бермейді. Жылына 1-2 рет гинекологпен профилактикалық тексеруден өту жатыр мойны патологиясының ауыр түрлерін төмендетуде резерв болып қала береді, өйткені ауруларды ерте кезеңде диагностикалау толық қалпына келтіру мүмкіндігін арттырады.
DAMPAK DURASI BERMAIN GAME TERHADAP KESEHATAN MATA DAN SKRINING DETEKSI DINI PENGLIHATAN DI PESANTREN AL-FALAH DAGO
Authors: Witjaksono Arief , Abdussalam Irfan
Published: April 2023

Bermain video game dapat memicu terjadinya penurunan tajam penglihatan pada anak-anak maupun orang dewasa baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang menyebabkan aktivitas melihat dekat semakin meningkat. Durasi yang dianjurkan tidak melebihi 2 jam setiap harinya. Bila terlalu lama mata terpapar layar monitor akan menyebabkan kelainan refraksi. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu untuk skrining dan deteksi dini penglihatan serta pendidikan kesehatan tentang dampak durasi bermain game terhadap kesehatan mata. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Dago Kota Bandung dengan sasaran peserta kegiatan yaitu siswa, pengurus, dan masyarakat yang berada dilingkungan Pondok Pesantren. Hasil pada pengabdian masyarakat ini didapatkan pasien dengan mata normal atau emetropia yaitu sebesar 3,70%, pasien dengan kelainan refraksi astigmatisme sebesar 70,37%, dan miopia 11,11%. Adapun pasien dengan kelainan presbiopia sebesar 14,82%. Berdasarkan data hasil pemeriksaan kelainan refraksi tersebut, pasien disarankan menjaga pola penggunaan dan durasi dalam bermain gadget bagi anak atau siswa dengan tujuan menjaga kesehatan mata terutama tajam penglihatan mata.
KONSELING KELUARGA TERKAIT KESELAMATAN LANSIA DI RUMAH
Authors: Handayani Solihin Asri
Published: April 2023

Keluarga merupakan sistem pendukung yang penting bagi lansia, karena keluarga menjadi bagian dalam perawatan lansia di rumah, khususnya bagi keluarga di Indonesia. Merawat lansia di rumah dengan kondisi kesehatan yang semakin menurun dapat meningkatkan risiko yang berkaitan dengan keamanan dan keselamatan lansia. Keluarga perlu memahami mengenai risiko bahaya yang dapat terjadi selama merawat lansia di rumah. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pemahaman keluarga mengenai keselamatan lansia di rumah. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan tehnik konseling terhadap keluarga yang memiliki lansia. Hasil konseling diperoleh beberapa temuan bahwa keluarga belum memahami mengenai keselamatan lansia di rumah serta kendala yang dihadapi keluarga dalam memenuhi keselamatan lansia di rumah. Disarankan keluarga dapat melakukan pertemuan keluarga secara rutin mendiskusikan masalah keselamatan lansia.
PELATIHAN KADER PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PERAN LANSIA DALAM MENJAGA KESEHATAN FISIK DAN MENTAL SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID -19
Authors: Fazriana Erlina , Annisa Rudianty Vena
Published: April 2023

Lansia merupakan kelompok rentan yang paling berisiko kematian akibat Covid-19, sehingga pencegahan penularan mulai dari tingkat individu, keluarga dan masyarakat menjadi sangat penting. Berdasarkan data Susenas tahun 2019, sebagian lansia (88%) yang tinggal bersama tiga generasi/tinggal bersama keluarga/ tinggal bersama pasangan, sedangkan sisanya hanya sekitar 9,4% yang tinggal sendiri dan 2,6% lain- lain. Oleh karena itu untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan menyelamatkan hidup lansia selama masa pandemi Covid-19, maka sangat dibutuhkan peran dan dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat. Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan dan memberikan Informasi kepada kader tentang dukungan keluarga dan peran lansia dalam menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode Pengabdian Masyarakat melalui pendidikan kesehatan dengan pelatihan kader menggunakan media buku saku. Pengabdian msyarakat dilakukan bersama mahasiswa ners T.A 2020-2021. Pelatihan kader diikuti oleh 4 kader. Intrumen untuk pre dan post test menggunakan intrumen kuesioner. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat dari nilai posttest yang diperoleh tiga kader mendapatkan peningkatkan pengetahuan dan satu kader dengan hasil tetap. Saran agar kader menyampaikan informasi tentang dukungan keluarga dan peran lansia dalam menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental selama masa pandemi COVID-19 kepada keluarga dan lansia.
PROGRAM DIET PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI BALAI PENGOBATAN KLINIK PAGADEN
Authors: Fikri Amrullah Jahidul
Published: April 2023

Diabetes militus adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia (peningkatan kadar gula darah) yang terus menerus dan bervariasi, terutama setelah makan. Beberapa faktor yang memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan kasus penderita diabetes mellitus adalah pola makan, perilaku yang menyimpang dan mengarah pada makanan yang siap saji dengan kandungan berenergi tinggi, lemak dan sedikit serat yang dapat memicu diabetes mellitus. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi seseorang tidak patuh terhadap diet DM. Maka dari itu pengetahuan dan sikap penderita DM tentang pengelolaan diet DM sangat penting dalam uapaya membantu penderita dalam mengontrol peningkatan kadar gula darah dalam tubuh agar tetap stabil.
PEMBERIAN EDUKASI TENTANG PIJAT LAKTASI DAN PEMIJATAN LAKTASI PADA IBU NIFAS DI PMB BIDAN D KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rahmawati Naili
Published: April 2023

Pijat laktasi adalah tehnik pijat untuk membantu keluarnya ASI (Air Susu Ibu), yang sangat penting untuk membantu ibu merasa rileks sebelum menyusui. KemKes (Kementrian Kesehatan) sendiri telah menetapkan untuk target per Tahun 2014 cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif sebesar 80%, namun pada kenyataanya di Indonesia baru 27,5% ibu yang berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif. Tujuan setelah kegiatan pemberian edukasi tentang pijat laktasi dan pemijatan laktasi pada ibu nifas, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ibu nifas merasa rilkes dan membantu keluarnya ASI. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa pemberian edukasi tentang pijat laktasi dan pemijatan laktasi pada ibu nifas. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pijat laktasi dan sudah dilakukan pemijatan laktasi pada ibu nifas di PMB Bidan D Kota Bandung.
PEMERIKSAAN KELAINAN REFRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN TENTATIF KOREKSI DAN AUTOREFRAKTOMETER
Authors: Nugroho Anggit , Mardiatul Karimah Gina , Saepulloh Firman , Ma'ruf Jajang , Siti Nurazizah Nopia , Maria Septalia Yohana , Nuruddin Al Faruq Faris
Published: April 2023

Optometri Komunitas adalah cabang optometri yang berorientasi pada kesehatan masyarakat paripurna (promotif, preventif, korektif dan rehabilitatif). Optometri komunitas memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif untuk pencegahan secara primer, sekunder dan tersier untuk gangguan penglihatan dan kelainan refraksi. Optometri komunitas didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip pendekatan pelayanan kesehatan primer, pemerataan, keterlibatan masyarakat fokus pada sosialisasi, edukasi, pencegahan, teknologi tepat guna dan pendekatan multisektorial dalam pelayanan kesehatan mata. Bentuk kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam optometri komunitas yaitu jenis pemeriksaan kelainan refraksi menggunakan tentatif koreksi dan autorefraktometer serta pembuatan dan penyerahan kacamata sesuai hasil pemeriksaan kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan langsung kepada masyarakat dengan memperhatikan protokol kesehatan pada masa pandemi. Sasaran kegiatan optometri komunitas sebagai salah satu wujud pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Kelurahan Jatimelati, Kecamatan Pondok Melati, Kota Bekasi yang berjumlah kurang lebih 74 orang warga. Setelah kegiatan pemeriksaan mata selesai dilaksanakan, masyarakat diberikan edukasi terkait dengan cara menjaga kesehatan mata. Kegiatan telah dilaksanakan pada hari sabtu, 19 juni 2021.
TD 2684 - Desigualdades no mercado de trabalho e pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Costa Joana Simões , Barbosa Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda , Hecksher Marcos Dantas
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a evolução de três dimensões relevantes da desigualdade brasileira no mercado de trabalho, gênero, raça/cor e idade, no período de 2012 a 2020. Mais especificamente, analisa-se como essas estatísticas foram afetadas pela crise associada à pandemia da Covid-19. A partir de dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), encontra-se as desigualdades nas taxas de participação, desemprego, ocupação e informalidade não se reduzem durante a crise. Ao contrário, observa-se a ampliação do diferencial, como é o caso da taxa de ocupação por raça/cor e idade. Os resultados indicam ainda aumento intenso nas chances de sair da condição de ocupado para inatividade e redução das chances de conseguir um emprego. Importante notar que mesmo ao se controlar por outras características pessoais ou do posto de trabalho, as mulheres, os negros e os jovens possuem maiores chances de perder a ocupação. No entanto, esta desvantagem não é uma característica somente da crise de 2020.
TD 2687 - Uma Proxy Para a Prevalência de Armas de Fogo Baseada em Painel de Dados dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Cerqueira Daniel Ricardo de Castro , Coelho Danilo Santa Cruz , Donohue John J. , Fernandes Marcelo , Pinto Junior Jony
Published: April 2023

Existe um consenso de que a proporção de suicídios cometidos com arma de fogo, em relação ao total de suicídios, é a melhor proxy para a prevalência de posse de armas. Cerqueira et al. (2018) exploram as características socioeconômicas das vítimas de suicídio, a fim de desenvolver uma nova e mais refinada proxy. Esta baseia-se nos efeitos fixos do local de residência da vítima, estimados a partir de um modelo de escolha discreta para a probabilidade de cometer suicídio com arma de fogo. Avaliamos empiricamente este novo indicador usando dados de posse de armas de fogo do Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BFRSS) e registros de suicídio do US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) de 1995 a 2004. Demonstramos que a nova proxy tem maior correlação com a proporção de domicílios com armas de fogo que a proxy tradicional baseada na proporção de suicídios cometidos com arma de fogo.
TD 2867 - Internet das coisas no Brasil : análise e recomendação de políticas com ênfase no agronegócio
Authors: Kubota Luis Claudio , Rosa Mauricio Benedeti
Published: April 2023

Ao contrário de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) de gerações anteriores, cuja implantação em grande parte era mais restrita ao ambiente corporativo, a tríade de tecnologias formada por internet das coisas (internet of things – IoT), computação em nuvem e na borda, e inteligência artificial (IA) é aplicável às mais variadas áreas da atividade humana. Se o Brasil perdeu oportunidades em décadas anteriores no setor de eletroeletrônicos, existem notícias alvissareiras que permitem um maior otimismo no que diz respeito à IoT. Em primeiro lugar, o país possui um sistema setorial de inovação com capacidade para gerar e implementar as tecnologias necessárias. O Brasil desenvolveu também um plano de IoT bem elaborado e com uma boa governança de acompanhamento. Finalmente, várias iniciativas de classe mundial já são realidade. Este texto traz uma caracterização da IoT no Brasil composta de análise bibliométrica; apresentação do Plano Nacional de IoT e sua inserção na Estratégia Brasileira para a Transformação Digital (E-Digital); uma revisão de trabalhos sobre IoT e agronegócio; um detalhamento das políticas setoriais relacionadas à oferta de tecnologias para a IoT; e uma comparação internacional e casos de sucesso de implementação da tecnologia no Brasil.
TD 2868 - A Questão indígena e a flexibilização de direitos no Brasil : ameaças legislativas em um contexto de fragilização política
Authors: Bastian Lillian , Valadares Alexandre Arbex , Alves Fabio , Silva Sandro Pereira
Published: April 2023

Povos indígenas de distintas etnias ocupam áreas do território brasileiro desde um período anterior ao Estado brasileiro. Em inúmeras ocasiões, esses povos foram forçados a se retirar de áreas que ocupavam. Por essas razões, o Estatuto do Indígena e a Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/1988) lhes asseguraram o direito às terras ocupadas e o usufruto dos recursos. No entanto, esses direitos vêm sendo atacados por iniciativas legislativas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar essas propostas e verificar em que medida elas afetam os direitos indígenas constitucionalmente assegurados. Para isso, procedeu-se com uma análise documental. Os resultados indicam que essas iniciativas poderão implicar sérias consequências para os povos indígenas e para os recursos naturais localizados em suas terras.
Methodology for Mitigating the Security Issues and Challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) Framework for Enhanced Security
Authors: Vegesna Dr. Vinod Varma
Published: April 2023

Instead of depending on a technology's apparently positive qualities, we always have made it a priority to first examine its flaws. In addition to individuals and robots, now there are things that connect with the online platform without our input. These Things are continuously engaging with the Web, whether it's a refrigerator delivering an alarm about the foodstuff inside it or our vehicles sending signals to the technician about their fuel conditions. In many respects, the Internet of Things is brilliant. Unfortunately, the software has not yet been developed fully and is not totally safe. This paper summarizes the security risks and challenges associated with the internet of things, as well as offers suggestions for a few solutions for safeguarding the internet of things
Inferring the Rate of Technosignatures from 60 yr of Nondetection
Authors: Grimaldi Claudio
Published: April 2023

For about the last 60 yr the search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been monitoring the sky for evidence of remotely detectable technological life beyond Earth, with no positive results to date. While the lack of detection can be attributed to the highly incomplete sampling of the search space, technological emissions may be actually rare enough that we are living in a time when none cross the Earth. Here we explore the latter possibility and derive the likelihood of the Earth not being crossed by signals for at least the last 60 yr to infer upper bounds on their rate of emission. Under the assumption that technological emitters are distributed uniformly in the Milky Way and that they generate technoemissions at a constant rate, we find less than about one to five emissions generated per century with 95% credible level. This implies optimistic waiting times until the next crossing event of no less than 60–1800 yr with a 50% probability. A significant fraction of highly directional signals increases the emission rates’ upper bounds, but without systematically changing the waiting time. Although these probabilistic bounds are derived from a specific model and their validity depends on the model’s assumptions, they are nevertheless quite robust against weak time dependences of the emission rate or nonuniform spatial distributions of the emitters. Our results provide therefore a benchmark for assessing the lack of detection and may serve as a basis to form optimal strategies for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Disks around Young Planetary-mass Objects: Ultradeep Spitzer Imaging of NGC 1333
Authors: Scholz Aleks , Muzic Koraljka , Jayawardhana Ray , Almendros-Abad Victor , Wilson Isaac
Published: April 2023

We report on a sensitive infrared search for disks around isolated young planetary-mass objects (PMOs) in the NGC 1333 cluster, by stacking 70 Spitzer/IRAC frames at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. Our coadded images go >2.3 mag deeper than single-epoch frames, and cover 50 brown dwarfs, 15 of which have M9 or later spectral types. Spectral types >M9 correspond to masses in the giant-planet domain, i.e., near or below the deuterium-burning limit of 0.015 M
⊙. Five of the 12 PMOs show definitive evidence of excess, implying a disk fraction of 42%, albeit with a large statistical uncertainty given the small sample. Comparing with measurements for higher-mass objects, the disk fraction does not decline substantially with decreasing mass in the substellar domain, consistent with previous findings. Thus, free-floating PMOs have the potential to form their own miniature planetary systems. We note that only one of the six lowest-mass objects in NGC 1333, with spectral type L0 or later, has a confirmed disk. Reviewing the literature, we find that the lowest-mass free-floating objects with firm disk detections have masses ∼0.01 M
⊙ (or ∼10 M
Jup). It is not clear yet whether even lower-mass objects harbor disks. If not, it may indicate that ∼10 M
Jup is the lower-mass limit for objects that form like stars. Our disk-detection experiment on deep Spitzer images paves the way for studies with JWST at longer wavelengths and higher sensitivity, which will further explore disk prevalence and formation of free-floating PMOs.
Observational Constraints on the Metagalactic Lyα Photon Scattering Rate at High Redshift
Authors: Meiksin Avery
Published: April 2023

The scattering of Lyα photons from the first radiating sources in the universe plays a pivotal role in 21 cm radio detections of Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization through the Wouthuysen–Field effect. New data from JWST show the Lyα photon scattering rate exceeds that required to decouple the intergalactic hydrogen spin temperature from that of the Cosmic Microwave Background up to z ∼ 14 and render the neutral hydrogen visible.
La force morale : facteur crucial pour surmonter les crises et gagner les conflits
Authors: Yvart Ugo
Published: April 2023

Gagner la guerre dépend de nombreux facteurs souvent aléatoires, mais la force morale demeure essentielle dans l’adversité. Elle est indispensable pour garantir l’efficacité opérationnelle des armées ainsi que pour le soutien de la Nation engagée. Elle dépend donc directement de la qualité du lien entre le citoyen et le soldat.
Préparation à la haute intensité : l’occasion de refonder nos règles d’engagement
Authors: Sevaistre Timothée
Published: April 2023

Les Règles opérationnelles d’engagement (ROE) ont répondu à un contexte spécifique aux Opex où les limitations se justifiaient pour l’usage de la force. Or, les exigences de la haute intensité face à un adversaire symétrique sont telles qu’il est nécessaire de revoir nos règles d’emploi, tout en respectant le droit des conflits armés.
Agriculture : ne nous désarmons pas !
Authors: Brunel Sylvie
Published: April 2023

Nourrir sa population reste une préoccupation pour tout État qui se respecte. Or, la situation alimentaire mondiale est toujours critique. Le paradoxe est que l’Europe renonce de plus en plus à son agriculture pour des raisons s’appuyant sur des raisonnements idéologiques et faussés. De fait, sous prétexte de protection environnementale, la France va perdre son autonomie agricole.
Réviser les traités européens : Pourquoi ? Quand ? Comment ?
Authors: Favin Lévêque Jacques
Published: April 2023

La construction de l’Union européenne est une longue route avec des avancées réelles mais aussi des blocages aux causes multiples. Pour progresser, il faudrait envisager de réviser les Traités européens : un processus politique complexe cependant nécessaire pour répondre aux défis de demain.
De Gaulle, Nixon et Kissinger : retour utile sur l’histoire
Authors: Berg Eugène
Published: April 2023

Alors qu’Henry Kissinger s’apprête à fêter ses 100 ans, plusieurs ouvrages mettent en lumière les relations complexes mais riches que le général de Gaulle entretenait tant avec les États-Unis qu’avec l’URSS, une URSS derrière laquelle il voyait d’abord la Russie impériale. En 1969, de Gaulle discutait des affaires du monde avec Nixon et son conseiller Kissinger. Du XIX e  siècle au XXI e  siècle…
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: April 2023

Paradoxalement, ce fut Mikhaïl Frounzé, bien que non militaire au début du bolchevisme, qui inventa l’art opératif, apportant à l’Armée rouge une doctrine majeure qui lui permit de vaincre en 1945 l’Allemagne nazie. Visiblement, les leçons de l’histoire n’ont pas été retenues par le Kremlin au XXI e  siècle.
Amérique latine
Authors: Drouhaud Pascal
Published: April 2023

Le continent sud-américain est dans une situation ambiguë au regard de la guerre en Ukraine. La plupart des pays s’efforcent de maintenir une relative neutralité entre Washington, Moscou et Pékin. La Chine en effet est devenue un partenaire économique majeur. Diversifier les partenariats apparaît comme important.
Retours sur les Futurs énergétiques 2050
Authors: Veyrenc Thomas
Published: April 2023

En octobre 2021, puis en février 2022, RTE a publié les résultats de la grande étude « Futurs énergétiques 2050 » engagée deux ans plus tôt pour déterminer les chemins possibles vers la neutralité carbone et réfléchir au système électrique de demain. Les différents scénarios proposés ont depuis largement alimenté le débat énergétique ; ils ont été repris par de nombreux acteurs et forces politiques et ont alimenté la stratégie de décarbonation de la France présentée en février 2022 à Belfort par le Président de la République. Un an après la parution des principaux résultats de cette étude, nous revenons dans le présent article sur les conditions d’élaboration de celle-ci et sur certains de ses principaux enseignements à la lumière de la crise énergétique qui s’est depuis amplifiée en Europe.
De l’enjeu de faire émerger des marchés de long terme de l’électricité
Authors: Dereuddre Antoine
Published: April 2023

Jamais les prix de l’électricité du marché de gros français n’ont été aussi élevés. Nos voisins, pourtant dotés d’un parc plus carboné, nous vendent une électricité qu’ils produisent à moindre coût. Cette situation amère, en apparence aberrante, contraste de façon saisissante avec les années passées, où les prix français étaient parmi les plus bas d’Europe. Nous ne nous attarderons pas ici sur les causes immédiates de la crise tant elles sont flagrantes. Sans nier l’urgence de la situation présente, il paraît néanmoins utile d’examiner quelques pistes d’une réforme possible des mécanismes de marché à long terme. Le point de départ de notre réflexion repose sur l’hypothèse qu’un marché liquide des contrats à long terme est aussi nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du système que les marchés de court terme. Partant du constat d’un marché encore incomplet, où les contrats à long terme ne se développent pas spontanément, nous envisageons les prémisses d’une régulation prudentielle par les quantités.
Le consommateur, acteur de la sobriété énergétique ? Une approche sociologique
Authors: La Branche Stéphane
Published: April 2023

Suite à plus de trente projets de recherche menés en sociologie du climat et de l’énergie dans différents secteurs, nous présentons dans cet article quelques éléments majeurs de compréhension des interactions entre les individus et l’énergie, afin de mieux expliquer ce que représente « faire des efforts de sobriété au quotidien ». La sobriété est beaucoup plus complexe que ce que les représentations communes laissent à penser et elle est aussi plus difficile à mettre en œuvre. Elle doit être distinguée de l’efficacité et de la gestion de l’énergie, car ces deux aspects ne renvoient pas aux mêmes facteurs de changements et de non-changements comportementaux et cognitifs que la sobriété. Nous présentons en fin de cet article quelques profils socioénergétiques.
L’accumulation du patrimoine au cours du cycle de vie : une approche par microsimulation
Authors: Galiana Lino , Guichaoua Théo , Wilner Lionel
Published: April 2023

L'objectif de ce travail est de projeter des patrimoines individuels par microsimulation afin de pouvoir intégrer les produits de l'épargne dans le revenu disponible et calculer des niveaux de vie ajustés qui tiennent compte de ces revenus du patrimoine. Actifs et retraités diffèrent à cet égard en raison de leur position dans le cycle de vie. De plus, les premiers sont susceptibles d'hériter du patrimoine des seconds. Cette étude propose une méthodologie originale qui imbrique un modèle structurel stylisé de consommation et d'épargne au cours du cycle de vie dans le modèle de microsimulation Destinie, projetant les pensions d'individus reliés entre eux sur les plans conjugaux et familiaux. Ce modèle, incluant l'héritage, intègre de ce fait une dimension intergénérationnelle. Cette approche mobilise les données de plusieurs enquêtes Patrimoine : d'une part, la vague 2010 sur laquelle Destinie s'appuie, et, d'autre part, les vagues 2015 et 2018, partiellement panélisées, qui constituent la première objectivation empirique de l'accumulation du patrimoine sur données françaises. La méthode retenue consiste à calibrer les paramètres du modèle de consommation et d'épargne au long du cycle de vie, et à estimer, puis à simuler, un modèle d'héritage. Finalement, cette approche permet de simuler des profils individuels d'épargne cohérents avec les profils agrégés observés et de calculer des indices de concentration, tenant compte des revenus du patrimoine. Ces derniers étant plus concentrés que les revenus du travail, la modélisation permet de quantifier l’importance de cet ajustement et d’améliorer la qualité des projections liées aux niveaux de vie des retraités.
Patrimoine et âge envisagé de départ à la retraite
Authors: Arrondel Luc , Soulat Laurent
Published: April 2023

En France, les départs à la retraite sont fortement marqués par une « norme sociale » puisqu’une très large majorité des personnes liquident leurs droits au taux plein, que ce soit par la durée de cotisation ou par l’âge légal. Pour autant, le niveau de vie, les conditions de travail, la santé et les incitations financières sont susceptibles d’influencer ces départs. Nous étudions ici les liens entre âge de départ à la retraite et montant du patrimoine. Plus précisément, nous testons l’existence d’un éventuel effet richesse en évaluant les effets du patrimoine du ménage sur l’âge envisagé de départ à la retraite par les individus . Pour cela, nous mobilisons l’enquête de suivi « Histoire de vie et patrimoine » 2014-2015 de l’Insee. Deux conclusions principales sont tirées de l’analyse économétrique. La première concerne les ménages endettés (sur leur logement principal ou pour leur entreprise), qui envisagent de se retirer plus tard du marché du travail. La seconde montre que, quelle que soit la définition de la richesse (brute, nette, financière), on anticipe une retraite plus tardive si l’on est relativement pauvre ou si l’on est relativement riche : l’effet richesse sur l’âge envisagé de départ à la retraite n’est donc pas linéaire. Ces effets « retard » aux extrêmes sont évidemment de nature différente : sans doute pour des raisons de niveau de vie pour les plus pauvres ; vraisemblablement pour d’autres motifs pour les plus riches (intérêt au travail, altruisme intergénérationnel, etc.). Classification JEL : D12, E21, J26, R31
The Relationship Between Pelvic Tilt and Clinical Outcomes After Hip Preservation Surgery in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Thummala Abhinav , Nakonezny Paul A. , Mulligan Edward P. , Chhabra Avneesh , Wells Joel
Published: April 2023

Pelvic tilt is thought to be a compensatory mechanism in hip pathology, specifically in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and hip dysplasia. This study investigated the relationship between preoperative pelvic tilt and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing hip preservation surgery for FAIS or hip dysplasia. We reviewed a prospective hip preservation database for demographic, radiographic, and outcome data for 89 patients who underwent hip preservation surgery with a primary diagnosis of FAIS or dysplasia from 2016 to 2020. Pelvic tilt was assessed on the standing anteroposterior radiograph with the pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint (PS-SI) distance measurement. The International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score, Harris Hip Score, UCLA activity score, and European Quality of Life–Visual Analog Scale were used to assess hip function and pain preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean pelvic tilt (PS-SI distance) was 86.4±18.3 mm for the FAIS group and 96.2±15.1 mm for the dysplasia group. The statistical analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between pelvic tilt and change in iHOT-12 score (rs=0.262,P=.019) for all 89 patients with hip pathology and, separately, a trend toward significance for the 42 patients with FAIS (rs=0.330,P=.056). No other significant relationships were observed. The improvement in iHOT-12 score was greater for patients with more anterior tilt and less for patients with posterior pelvic tilt, regardless of underlying hip etiology. These results provide intriguing insights into an initial investigation on pelvic tilt in patients undergoing hip preservation surgery. Further investigation is necessary to assess pelvic tilt preoperatively and postoperatively, spinal parameters, and longer-term outcomes. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(6):e341–e346.]
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes With or Without Prophylactic Carpal Tunnel Release After Distal Radius Fracture Stabilization
Authors: Dalton Jonathan F. , Luchetti Timothy J. , Cluts Landon M. , Bhogal Sumail S. , Kaufmann Robert A. , Goitz Robert J. , Fowler John R.
Published: April 2023

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are frequently complicated by acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which, if unrecognized, can cause permanent median neuropathy. Some surgeons recommend “prophylactic” carpal tunnel release (CTR) during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of DRF. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and safety data regarding prophylactic vs symptomatic CTR strategies during DRF fixation are lacking. We conducted a retrospective review of two management strategies for DRFs at our institution (2017 to 2019). Group 1 consisted of patients operated on by two surgeons performing ORIF and symptomatic CTR only for acute CTS. Group 2 consisted of patients operated on by a third surgeon performing ORIF and prophylactic CTR on all patients irrespective of median nerve symptoms. The PROs included QuickDASH Wrist and PROMIS physical/mental health preoperatively vs at final follow-up. Demographic information, complications, and return to the operating room were recorded. Group 1 (36 patients) and group 2 (76 patients) were demographically similar. The mechanism of injury was more severe in group 1 (
P
<.05), but preoperative PROs were similar between the two groups. Eight patients (22.2%) in group 1 had symptomatic CTR for acute CTS. Significant improvement occurred within both groups from preoperative to final follow-up for PROMIS physical function and QuickDASH Wrist scores (
P
<.05). Intergroup PROs were not significantly different at either time point. One patient in group 1 (2.8%) and 2 patients in group 2 (2.6%) returned to the operating room due to median nerve symptoms (
P
>.05). A prophylactic CTR strategy is not associated with improved PROs compared with a symptomatic strategy during ORIF of DRF. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(6):e362–e368.]
Application of nature inspired optimization algorithms in bioimpedance spectroscopy: simulation and experiment
Authors: Mallick Abhishek , Mondal Atanu , Bhattacharjee Somnath , Roy Arijit
Published: April 2023

Accurate extraction of Cole parameters for applications in bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is challenging. Precise estimation of Cole parameters from measured bioimpedance data is crucial, since the physiological state of any biological tissue or body is described in terms of Cole parameters. To extract Cole parameters from measured bioimpedance data, the conventional gradient-based non-linear least square (NLS) optimization algorithm is found to be significantly inaccurate. In this work, we have presented a robust methodology to establish an accurate process to estimate Cole parameters and relaxation time from measured BIS data. Six nature inspired algorithms, along with NLS are implemented and studied. Experiments are conducted to obtain BIS data and analysis of variation (ANOVA) is performed. The Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm achieved a better fitment result and is also able to extract the Cole parameters most accurately among all the algorithms under consideration. The ANOVA result shows that CS algorithm achieved a higher confidence rate. In addition, the CS algorithm requires less sample size compared to other algorithms for distinguishing the change in physical properties of a biological body.
Identification of coagulation-associated subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and establishment of prognostic models
Authors: Han Mengyang , Wang Xiaoli , Li Yaqi , Tan Jianjun , Li Chunhua , Sheng Wang
Published: April 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common subtype of lung cancer, is a global health challenge with high recurrence and mortality rates. The coagulation cascade plays an essential role in tumor disease progression and leads to death in LUAD. We differentiated two coagulation-related subtypes in LUAD patients in this study based on coagulation pathways collected from the KEGG database. We then demonstrated significant differences between the two coagulation-associated subtypes regarding immune characteristics and prognostic stratification. For risk stratification and prognostic prediction, we developed a coagulation-related risk score prognostic model in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The GEO cohort also validated the predictive value of the coagulation-related risk score in terms of prognosis and immunotherapy. Based on these results, we identified coagulation-related prognostic factors in LUAD, which may serve as a robust prognostic biomarker for therapeutic and immunotherapeutic efficacy. It may contribute to clinical decision-making in patients with LUAD.
Las fuentes abovedadas con depósito, avances hacia su caracterización tipológica y adscripción cronológica
Authors: González Montes Beatriz
Published: April 2023

En la práctica totalidad de la Península Ibérica se ha expandido un modelo constructivo de fuente abovedada con depósito, con algunas variantes morfológicas, que parecía guardar claras reminiscencias, en apariencia, con los ninfeos clásicos, y cuya cronología ha estado condicionada tradicionalmente por su relación con estas edificaciones, así como con las vías de comunicación antiguas, siendo en muchos casos adscritas a época romana. La realización de dos intervenciones arqueológicas, en las estructuras de San Pedro de Villafáfila (Zamora) y Valdealcón (León), con dataciones radiocarbónicas y de OSL, parecen descartar dicha asignación, indicando hacia los momentos finales de la baja Edad Media y principios de época Moderna. Esta cuestión, unida a que la propiedad de muchas de ellas es detentada por los concejos, tal y como testimonian tanto la toponimia como la documentación, y a su relación con las vías pecuarias, parece relacionar su construcción con el auge de la ganadería bajomedieval.
La universidad española y la investigación en Web of Science sobre los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 2017-2021
Authors: Repiso Rafael , Segado Francisco , Gómez-García Salvador
Published: April 2023

Este artículo analiza la producción científica en Web of Science de las universidades españolas en relación con las propuestas de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU (trabajos estudiados=51.319). Estas metas persiguen garantizar el futuro de la Humanidad en nuestro planeta. Esta ambiciosa propuesta ha generado a su alrededor una amplia producción científica por parte de las universidades. El análisis de la aportación científica a estos objetivos y, de forma específica, al área de Educación, permite determinar el impacto de las universidades españolas a este proceso, la viabilidad de InCites de Clarivate Analytics para discriminar la producción internacional de la nacional y la representación de la producción a través de un nuevo tipo de gráfico: “Diagrama de Quipu”, que permitirá identificar solapamientos en objetivos similares entre sí. De este modo, se advierte que las universidades españolas que lideran los indicadores de producción científica, también lo hacen en su aportación a los ODS.
Static and Hydrodynamic Study of Tanks From Theory to Application Using Simplified Method and Shell Theory
Authors: Belgasmia Mourad
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this chapter is twofold. The first one is to expose two methods that enable us to apprehend the problem of tanks and water towers by two different approaches: The first is a simplified one by using approximate formulas. The second is shell theory whose resulting equations are more complicated and closer to reality because it takes into consideration curvilinear shape of the structure. The second objective of this chapter is to be able to understand the hydrodynamic study using Houzner's method, whose principle is to divide the contents of the tank into two parts: oscillatory and impulse.