bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of TGFβ1-induced tendon-like structure in the scaffold-free three-dimensional tendon cell culture system
Authors: Koo Bon-hyeock , Lee Yeon-Ju , Park Na Rae , Heo Su Chin , Hudson David M. , Fernandes Aysel A. , Friday Chet S. , Hast Michael W. , Corr David T. , Keene Douglas R. , Tufa Sara F. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Joeng Kyu Sang
Published: April 2024

The biological mechanisms regulating tenocyte differentiation and morphological maturation have not been well-established, partly due to the lack of reliable in vitro systems that produce highly aligned collagenous tissues. In this study, we developed a scaffold-free, three-dimensional (3D) tendon culture system using mouse tendon cells in a differentially adherent growth channel. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is involved in various biological processes in the tendon, regulating tendon cell fate, recruitment and maintenance of tenocytes, and matrix organization. This known function of TGFβ signaling in tendon prompted us to utilize TGFβ1 to induce tendon-like structures in 3D tendon constructs. TGFβ1 treatment promoted a tendon-like structure in the peripheral layer of the constructs characterized by increased thickness with a gradual decrease in cell density and highly aligned collagen matrix. TGFβ1 also enhanced cell proliferation, matrix production, and morphological maturation of cells in the peripheral layer compared to vehicle treatment. TGFβ1 treatment also induced early tenogenic differentiation and resulted in sufficient mechanical integrity, allowing biomechanical testing. The current study suggests that this scaffold-free 3D tendon cell culture system could be an in vitro platform to investigate underlying biological mechanisms that regulate tenogenic cell differentiation and matrix organization.
Edge computing based real-time Nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus) catch estimation in demersal trawls using object detection models
Authors: Avsar Ercan , Feekings Jordan P. , Krag Ludvig Ahm
Published: April 2024

In demersal trawl fisheries, the unavailability of the catch information until the end of the catching process is a drawback, leading to seabed impacts, bycatches and reducing the economic performance of the fisheries. The emergence of in-trawl cameras to observe catches in real-time can provide such information. This data needs to be processed in real-time to determine the catch compositions and rates, eventually improving sustainability and economic performance of the fisheries. In this study, a real-time underwater video processing system counting the Nephrops individuals entering the trawl has been developed using object detection and tracking methods on an edge device (NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin). Seven state-of-the-art YOLO models were tested to discover the appropriate training settings and YOLO model. To achieve real-time processing and accurate counting simultaneously, four frame skipping ideas were evaluated. It has been shown that adaptive frame skipping approach, together with YOLOv8s model, can increase the processing speed up to 97.47 FPS while achieving correct count rate and F-score of 82.57% and 0.86, respectively. In conclusion, this system can improve the sustainability of the Nephrops directed trawl fishery by providing catch information in real-time.
Apigenin and its combination with Vorinostat induces apoptotic-mediated cell death in TNBC by modulating the epigenetic and apoptotic regulators and related miRNAs
Authors: Nimal Snehal , Kumbhar Navanath , Saruchi  , Rathore Shriya , Naik Nitin , Paymal Sneha , Gacche Rajesh N.
Published: April 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic disease and a formidable treatment challenge as it does not respond to existing therapies. Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis by modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic markers and related miRNAs in TNBC cells. We have investigated the anti-TNBC potential of dietary flavonoid ‘Apigenin’ and its combination with Vorinostat on MDA-MB-231 cells. At Apigenin generated ROS, inhibited cell migration, arrested the cell cycle at subG0/G1 phases, and induced apoptotic-mediated cell death. Apigenin reduced the expression of the class-I HDACs at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. In the immunoblotting study, Apigenin has upregulated pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins. Apigenin inhibited the enzymatic activity of HDAC/DNMT and increased HAT activity. Apigenin has manifested its effect on miRNA expression by upregulating the tumor-suppressor miR-200b and downregulation oncomiR-21. Combination study reduced the growth of TNBC cells synergistically by modulating the expression of epigenetic and apoptotic regulators. Molecular docking and MD simulations explored the mechanism of catalytic inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 and supported the in-vitro studies. The overall studies demonstrated an anti-TNBC potential of Apigenin and may help to design an effective strategy to treat metastatic phenotype of TNBC.
Absence of calcium-sensing receptor basal activity due to inter-subunit disulfide bridges
Authors: Ma Shumin , Yin Xueliang , Pin Jean-Philippe , Rondard Philippe , Yi Ping , Liu Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

G protein-coupled receptors naturally oscillate between inactive and active states, often resulting in receptor constitutive activity with important physiological consequences. Among the class C G protein-coupled receptors that typically sense amino-acids and their derivatives, the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) tightly controls blood calcium levels. Its constitutive activity has not yet been studied. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the inter-subunit disulfide bridges in maintaining the inactive state of CaSR, resulting in undetectable constitutive activity, unlike the other class C receptors. Deletion of these disulfide bridges results in strong constitutive activity that is abolished by mutations preventing amino acid binding. It shows that this inter-subunit disulfide link is necessary to limit the agonist effect of amino acids on CaSR. Furthermore, human genetic mutations deleting these bridges and associated with hypocalcemia result in elevated CaSR constitutive activity. These results highlight the physiological importance of fine tuning the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors.
Matter-wave collimation to picokelvin energies with scattering length and potential shape control
Authors: Herbst Alexander , Estrampes Timothé , Albers Henning , Corgier Robin , Stolzenberg Knut , Bode Sebastian , Charron Eric , Rasel Ernst M. , Gaaloul Naceur , Schlippert Dennis
Published: April 2024

The sensitivity of atom interferometers depends on their ability to realize long pulse separation times and prevent loss of contrast by limiting the expansion of the atomic ensemble within the interferometer beam through matter-wave collimation. Here we investigate the impact of atomic interactions on collimation by applying a lensing protocol to a 39K Bose-Einstein condensate at different scattering lengths. Tailoring interactions, we measure energies corresponding to (340 ± 12) pK in one direction. Our results are supported by an accurate simulation, which allows us to extrapolate a 2D ballistic expansion energy of (438 ± 77) pK. Based on our findings we propose an advanced scenario, which enables 3D expansion energies below 16 pK by implementing an additional pulsed delta-kick. Our results pave the way to realize ensembles with more than 1 × 105 atoms and 3D energies in the two-digit pK range in typical dipole trap setups without the need for micro-gravity or long baseline environments.
Near-critical dark opalescence in out-of-equilibrium SF6
Authors: Martelli Valentina , Anquetil Amaury , Al Atik Lin , Larrea Jiménez Julio , Subedi Alaska , Lobo Ricardo P. S. M. , Behnia Kamran
Published: April 2024

The first-order phase transition between the liquid and gaseous phases ends at a critical point. Critical opalescence occurs at this singularity. Discovered in 1822, it is known to be driven by diverging fluctuations in the density. During the past two decades, boundaries between the gas-like and liquid-like regimes have been theoretically proposed and experimentally explored. Here, we show that fast cooling of near-critical sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), in presence of Earth’s gravity, favors dark opalescence, where visible photons are not merely scattered, but also absorbed. When the isochore fluid is quenched across the critical point, its optical transmittance drops by more than three orders of magnitude in the whole visible range, a feature which does not occur during slow cooling. We show that transmittance shows a dip at 2eV near the critical point, and the system can host excitons with binding energies ranging from 0.5 to 4 eV. The spinodal decomposition of the liquid-gas mixture, by inducing a periodical modulation of the fluid density, can provide a scenario to explain the emergence of this platform for coupling between light and matter. The possible formation of excitons and polaritons points to the irruption of quantum effects in a quintessentially classical context.
Large variation in carbon dioxide emissions from tropical peat swamp forests due to disturbances
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Ohkubo Shinjiro , Itoh Masayuki , Tsuzuki Hayato , Sakabe Ayaka , Takahashi Hidenori , Kusin Kitso , Osaki Mitsuru
Published: April 2024

The huge carbon stock of tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) in Southeast Asia has been threatened by environmental disturbances due to quasi-periodic El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) droughts, biomass and peat burning, smoke haze, drainage, and deforestation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from such disturbances have not been well quantified because of insufficient field data. Therefore, we quantified the ecosystem-scale CO2 balance and examine the disturbance effects from a long-term field experiment for 12–15 years at three PSF sites with different degrees of degradation in Indonesia. Here, we show a drastic change of an undrained PSF from a CO2 sink to a source owing to the transient groundwater lowering by the droughts, a significant decrease in ecosystem photosynthesis due to the radiation attenuation by smoke haze in drought years, and long-lasting CO2 emissions through enhanced peat decomposition by drainage. The impact on CO2 emissions was greater from drainage than drought-induced disturbances.
Whole-ocean network design and implementation pathway for Arctic marine conservation
Authors: James Timothy D. , Sommerkorn Martin , Solovyev Boris , Platonov Nikita , Morrison John , Chernova Natalia , Gavrilo Maria V. , Giangioppi Martine , Onufrenya Irina , Roff John C. , Shpak Olga V. , Skjoldal Hein Rune , Spiridonov Vasily , Ardron Jeff A. , Belikov Stanislav Egorovich , Bluhm Bodil A. , Christensen Tom , Christiansen Jørgen S. , Filatova Olga A. , Frost Mette , Gerhartz-Abraham Adrian , Johansen Kasper Lambert , Karamushko Oleg V. , Keenan Erin , Kochnev Anatoly A. , Lancaster Melanie L. , Melikhova Evgeniya , Merritt Will , Mosbech Anders , Pisareva Maria N. , Møller Peter Rask , Solovyeva Maria , Tertitski Grigori , Trukhanova Irina S.
Published: April 2024

Forestalling the decline of global biodiversity requires urgent and transformative action at all levels of government and society, particularly in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas where rapid changes are already underway. Amid growing scientific support and mounting pressure, the majority of nations have committed to the most ambitious conservation targets yet. However, without an approach that inclusively and equitably reconciles conservation and sustainable ocean use, these targets will likely go unmet. Here, we present ArcNet: a network design framework to help achieve ocean-scale, area-based marine conservation in the Arctic. The framework is centred around a suite of web-based tools and a ~ 5.9 million km2 network of 83 priority areas for conservation designed through expert-driven systematic conservation planning using conservation targets for over 800 features representing Arctic biodiversity. The ArcNet framework is intended to help adapt to new and emerging information, foster collaboration, and identify tailored conservation measures within a global context at different levels of planning and implementation.
Spin current and spin-orbit torque induced by ferromagnets
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Whan , Park Byong-Guk , Lee Kyung-Jin
Published: April 2024

Spin torque is typically classified based on how the spin current is generated and injected into a magnet for manipulation. Spin-orbit torque arises from the spin-orbit interaction in a nearby normal metal, while spin-transfer torque results from exchange interactions in another ferromagnet. Recent studies have suggested that a ferromagnet itself can also generate a spin current through spin-orbit coupling, leading to the emergence of ferromagnet-induced spin-orbit torque as another class of spin torque. This novel torque mechanism not only inherits the advantages of spin-orbit torque architectures, such as separate reading and writing paths in memory applications but also offers the flexibility to control the generated spin direction by manipulating the orientation of the ferromagnet responsible for generating the spin current. In this article, we review the phenomena related to spin currents generated by ferromagnets, explore their physical descriptions in heterostructures, and discuss several spin torque architectures based on this effect. Ferromagnet-induced spin-orbit torque not only introduces new physical consequences by combining spin-orbit and exchange interactions but also offers a promising building block in spintronics with significant potential for diverse applications.
(+)-Catechin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related NLRP3-mediated inflammation
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Huo Zhihao , Jia Xiaotong , Xiong Yuanyuan , Li Baohua , Zhang Liangyou , Li Xin , Li Xianhong , Fang Yinrui , Dong Xin , Chen Gangyi
Published: April 2024

Schematic representation of the mechanisms of (+)-catechin attenuates ER stress-associated NLRP3 inflammasome in DN.
Strategies for enhanced gene delivery to the central nervous system
Authors: Gao Zhenghong
Published: April 2024

Biological barriers in the central nervous system.
Catalyzing towards clean energy: tuning the oxygen evolution reaction by amide-functionalized Co(ii) and Ni(ii) pristine coordination polymers
Authors: Paul Anup , Gusmão Filipe , Mahmoud Abdallah G. , Hazra Susanta , Rakočević Lazar , Šljukić Biljana , Khan Rais Ahmad , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: April 2024

Pristine multifunctional amide-based bimetallic Co–Ni coordination polymer and monometallic counterparts as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Transition metal and lanthanide modified MOF-808 for barcode design
Authors: Marquardt Nele , von der Haar Frederike , Schaate Andreas
Published: April 2024

Advanced MOF-808 barcodes modified with europium and transition metals for color and fluorescence switching for dynamic and forgery-proof encoding.
Expression of concern: Enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/MnO composites for hydrogen evolution under visible light
Authors: Mao Na , Gao Xiaomin , Zhang Chong , Shu Chang , Ma Wenyan , Wang Feng , Jiang Jia-Xing
Published: April 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/MnO composites for hydrogen evolution under visible light’ by Na Mao et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 14864–14872, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT02748C.
Heterogeneous ozonolysis of alkyl substituted-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AlkPAHs) in the atmosphere
Authors: Zaherddine Vera , Galarneau Elisabeth , Chan Arthur W. H.
Published: April 2024

Heterogeneous oxidation of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkPAHs) by ozone is more rapid than their parent analogs (PAHs) and can produce a large variety of potentially toxic oxidation products.
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate skews the T helper cell balance and enhances neutrophil activation in mice with food allergies
Authors: Zhang Xing , Chen Xiao , Yang Fan , Shao Huming , Bai Tianliang , Meng Xuanyi , Wu Yong , Yang Anshu , Chen Hongbing , Li Xin
Published: April 2024

A diet-induced food allergy leads to a dysregulated level of luminal extracellular ATP, which worsens symptoms by manipulating Th17 cell and neutrophil activities.
From silicon to silicones without dimethyldichlorosilane: direct green mechanochemical synthesis of methylmethoxysilanes from silicon and dimethyl ether
Authors: Kryzhanovskii I. N. , Temnikov M. N. , Anisimov A. A. , Ratnikov A. K. , Frank I. V. , Naumkin A. V. , Chistovalov S. M. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: April 2024

First gram-scale synthesis of methylmethoxysilanes via mechanochemical direct reaction of Si with dimethyl ether, achieving nearly 100% silicon conversion and high selectivity for dimethylsilyl-containing products.
The effect of Sc doping on the electrocatalytic and optoelectronic properties of 2D SiAs single crystals
Authors: Yu Tong , Chen Qiubo , Qiu Hailong , Liu Hongjun , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng
Published: April 2024

The p–n transformation of SiAs single crystals is realized by Sc doping, and their photoelectric detection and catalytic properties are effectively improved.
Biological activity of lyophilized chitosan scaffolds with inclusion of chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Viloria Angarita Jorge Eliecer , Insuasty Daniel , Rodríguez M. Juan David , Castro Jorge Iván , Valencia-Llano Carlos Humberto , Zapata Paula A. , Delgado-Ospina Johannes , Navia-Porras Diana Paola , Albis Alberto , Grande-Tovar Carlos David
Published: April 2024

Zinc oxide and chitosan nanoparticles were incorporated into scaffolds by lyophilization. The scaffolds exhibit antibacterial activity and biocompatibility underin vivosubdermal implantations, exhibiting potential for biomedical applications.
First principle study of scandium-based novel ternary half Heusler ScXGe (X = Mn and Fe) alloys: insight into the spin-polarized structural, electronic, and magnetic properties
Authors: Ullah Hayat , Yasin Sadia , Safeen Kashif , Younus Adeel , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Safeen Akif , Abdou Safaa N. , Ibrahim Mohamed M.
Published: April 2024

Total and partial DOS of non-degenerate deg and dt2g states of (a) ScMnGe and (b) ScFeGe Heusler alloys.
Failure mechanisms of the Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2-Li4Ti5O12 lithium-ion batteries in long-time high-rate cycle
Authors: Huang Yushuo , Lu Suyang , Zhu Song , Su Minghao , Yang Shilun , Zeng Wenwen , Zhan Haoran , Yang Ye , Mei Jun
Published: April 2024

Through the analysis of tens of thousands of cycles in LTO pouch batteries at a high rate of 40C, we found that the failure was mainly caused by the consumption of electrolyte and the microcracks emerged on the cathode electrode materials NCM622.
Photostabilities and anti-tumor effects of curcumin and curcumin-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Shufeng , Liao Xiaoyun , Xiao Qi , Huang Qingqing , Huang Xiaochen
Published: April 2024

In this study, the PDA-Cur NPs has been successfully synthesized and proved to be an anticancer agent with better photostability and increased utilization of curcumin in PDT.
Degradation of fluoride in groundwater by electrochemical fixed bed system with bauxite: performance and synergistic catalytic mechanism
Authors: Meng Xiangxu , Li Junfeng , Qu Wenying , Wang Wenhuai , Feng Xueting , Wang Jiankang
Published: April 2024

This study demonstrates that the coordinated defluorination system (IE-BA) which is made up of the industrial aluminum electrode and natural bauxite for fluoride removal. The defluorination mechanism of the IE-BA system is discussed.
Lewis acid-mediated transformations of 5-acyl-N-fluoroalkyl-1,2,3-triazoles to cyclopentenones, indenones, or oxazoles
Authors: Janecký Lukáš , Beier Petr
Published: April 2024

2-N-Substituted indenones, cyclopentenones or 4-carbonyl oxazoles are prepared from 5-acylated N-fluoroalkyl substituted 1,2,3-triazoles and Lewis acids.
Retraction: Salidroside inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric carcinoma cells and tumor growth via the activation of ERS-dependent autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Yan Wei , Li Kai , Buhe Amin , Li Tianxiong , Tian Peirong , Hong Jun
Published: April 2024

Retraction of ‘Salidroside inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric carcinoma cells and tumor growth via the activation of ERS-dependent autophagy and apoptosis' by Wei Yan et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 25655–25666, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA00044E.
Metal-free platforms for molecular thin films as high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Malik Ankur , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Vivier Vincent , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: April 2024

Oligomeric thin films of anthracene, pyrene, and naphthalene are electrochemically prepared on graphite rods for understanding enhanced supercapacitor explained through proton-coupled electron-transfer and electrical double-layer mechanism.
Structural elucidation of HIV-1 G-quadruplexes in a cellular environment and their ligand binding using responsive 19F-labeled nucleoside probes
Authors: Roy Sarupa , Majee Priyasha , Sudhakar Sruthi , Mishra Satyajit , Kalia Jeet , Pradeepkumar P. I. , Srivatsan Seergazhi G.
Published: April 2024

We devised an innovative probe platform using two highly environment-sensitive 19F-labeled nucleoside probes to elucidate the structure and ligand binding of the HIV-1 LTR G-rich region by fluorescence and 19F NMR techniques.
Extraordinary cycling performance of high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials enabled by interfacial engineering via molecular self-assembly
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wan Jing-Zhe , Gao Liang , Cai Zhi-Peng , Ma Chao , Wang Kai-Xue , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: April 2024

Interfacial engineering via self-assembly of decanoic acid (DA) molecules enables extraordinary cycling performance of high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) materials.
Tailoring anisotropic thermal conductivity of 2D aramid nanoribbon-based dielectrics with potential high-temperature capacitive energy storage
Authors: Yu Xiang , Yang Rui , Shen Guangyi , Sun Kaixuan , Lv Fangcheng , Fan Sidi
Published: April 2024

Tailoring the high anisotropic thermal conductivity of polymer dielectrics for enhanced high-temperature breakdown strength with potential capacitive energy storage.
Robust lanthanide MOFs as multifunctional luminescent sensors for intelligent visualization monitoring of MEAA and texture code anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Yang Hui-Min , Yang Guo-Ping , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: April 2024

Ln-MOFs were designed for anti-counterfeiting labels by using texture codes. Moreover, three visual probes based on 1-Eu for MEAA detection are fluorescent films, RGB intelligent detection sensor platforms, and portable logic detectors.
Design and analysis of ultra‐wideband decoupling structure based on polarization mismatch
Authors: Qiao Jianpu , Wu Weijun , Zeng Xianliang , Ji Hang , Tao Li
Published: April 2024

In this work, a polarization rotating surface is designed, analyzed, and applied to the decoupling of ultra‐wideband antennas. A method of using dual‐size combined rings is proposed to expand the operating bandwidth to 4.8 to 18.2 GHz, and the polarization conversion rate within the entire bandwidth is higher than 99%. Based on the principle of polarization mismatch, placing the polarization rotating surface between ultra‐wideband antennas for decoupling can reduce the coupling between antennas by an average of 20 dB within the operating bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results consistently prove its excellent decoupling capabilities and ultra‐wide operating bandwidth.
A bridged‐switch energy‐efficient switching scheme for SAR ADCs with 2× input range
Authors: Tang Bin , Hu Yunfeng , Huang QingMing , Chen Chaoyi , Hu Lexing , Li Bin , Wu Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

In recent years, successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) have been widely applied in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices. To reduce the power consumption of ADCs, a bridged‐switch energy‐efficient switching scheme for SAR ADCs with a 2× input range is proposed. Due to the use of top‐plate sampling, overall shift and bridged switch, the energy consumption of the first three comparisons and reset is zero, meanwhile the energy consumption of the fifth comparison is greatly reduced. The proposed switching scheme has an average energy consumption of 13.084CVref2, which reduces the switching energy by 99.04% compared to the conventional switching scheme. The proposed switching scheme can achieve a 2× input range with the same supply voltage, effectively reducing ADC power consumption and making it more suitable for IoT applications.
Color subspace exploring for natural image matting
Authors: Kong Yating , Li Jide , Hu Liangpeng , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2024

Deep neural networks have seen a surge of successful methods in natural image matting. However, the overlap of foreground and background color distributions in an image is still troubling in matting. It is observed that the three color channels contain different contrast information of an image: some color channels may provide clearer contrast information for separating the foreground from the image, while the foreground and background color distributions in other channels may heavily overlap, resulting in blurred foreground‐background boundaries. Motivated by this observation, the Color Subspace Exploring Network (CSEMat) is proposed to extract the foreground object from an image by exploring high‐contrast appearance information in individual color spaces. Specifically, a 4‐branch encoder is constructed, with one branch for the RGB image and three branches for subdividing the color space. Each color channel is individually processed by a sub‐encoder. Additionally, the trimap‐based color information aggregation module (CIA) is introduced to integrate the feature maps from the independent sub‐encoders, facilitating the transfer of optimized features to the decoder. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed CSEMat achieves favorable performance on publicly available matting datasets.
Ultra low RIN, low threshold AlGaInAs/InP BH-DFB laser
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Xing Yanhui , Han Jun , Sun Tianyu , Xing Zheng , Yin Can , Zhang Baoshun
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of AlGalnAs buried heterostructure laser diodes by using dual-channel ridge-waveguides. Different shaped channels, including bowl shaped groove and vertical groove, are explored. Using a vertical groove structure, we achieved an output power of 90 mW at 25 °C with a threshold current of only 4 mA. This represents a 3.6-fold increase in output power compared to the BH-DFB structure. At a high temperature of 85 °C, the laser maintains a side-mode suppression ratio of over 45 dB at the maximum power point. The laser’s relative intensity noise in the 0–40 GHz frequency range is less than −162.8 dB/Hz when operated at 300 mA with the chip butterfly packaged. These findings underscore the robustness, reliability, and high-performance capabilities of the developed DFB laser, highlighting its potential for various practical applications.
Arzneipflanzen für die Tiergesundheit
Authors: Schlittenlacher Theresa , Mendel Marta , Walkenhorst Michael
Published: April 2024

Weltweit werden Arzneipflanzen zur Prophylaxe und Behandlung von Tierkrankheiten
eingesetzt und die Nachfrage nach natürlichen Produkten, die die Gesundheit und
das Wohlergehen von Tieren unterstützen, steigt. Insbesondere auch, um den
Einsatz von antimikrobiellen Mitteln, Antiparasitika oder hochaktiven
synthetische Monosubstanzen auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Dies steht im
Einklang mit den Zielen der nationalen und internationalen Aktionspläne zur
Bekämpfung der Antibiotikaresistenz und des One-Health-Paradigmas und betrifft
nicht nur Nutztiere, sondern auch Heim- und Haustiere. Pflanzliche Produkte
könnten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erreichung dieser Ziele spielen. Dennoch
werden pflanzliche Tierarzneimittel in der aktuellen EU-Gesetzgebung nur
dahingehend erwähnt, dass aktuell zu wenig Informationen dazu vorliegen, um eine
vereinfachte Zulassung zu ermöglichen. Das internationale und interdisziplinäre
Netzwerk, die COST-Action MedPlants4Vet, welches aktuell aus rund 250 Personen
aus 39 Ländern besteht und stetig wächst, möchte verschiedene Informationslücken
zum Einsatz von Arzneipflanzen bei Tieren schließen.
Der achtfache Weg – Bericht von einem ungewöhnlichen
Symposium
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: April 2024

Das Symposium „Die Mistel in der Tumortherapie – Grundlagenforschung und Klinik“, in
der Szene kurz Mistel-Symposium genannt, ist die einzige olympische Disziplin in der
Phytotherapie – es findet seit 1995 alle 4 Jahre statt. Dank dieses Rhythmus hat es
seit dem 7. Symposium, das 2019 stattfand, als eine der wenigen Aktivitäten
überhaupt keine Beschränkung durch die Corona-Pandemie erfahren. Das erste
Mistel-Symposium tagte noch im „Wissenschaftlichen Kolloquienzentrum“ der
Universität des Saarlandes in Homburg, die folgenden 7 dann alle in der Europäischen
Akademie Otzenhausen (EAO) in Nonnweiler, Saarland. Deren Gründung 1954 fußte auf
dem Engagement im Rahmen der Volksabstimmung für das Saarstatut, das eine
Europäisierung des Saarlandes auch als Sitz der künftigen europäischen Institutionen
vorsah. Daraus wurde dann leider nicht sehr viel. Angeblich sei es auch der
geographische Mittelpunkt der damaligen sechs Gründungsstaaten der späteren
Europäischen Gemeinschaft (EG).
Modular Synthesis of Conjugated Aromatic Boronate Esters by Radical Xanthate Addition
Authors: Pan Xiangcheng , Zard Samir Z. , He Congze
Published: April 2024

Conjugated aromatic boronate esters serve as crucial intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and polymer materials. Traditional methods for their synthesis typically involve organoboration of aromatic ring compounds, where pre-constructions of aromatic rings are required. Here, we present a general strategy for the synthesis of diverse conjugated aromatic boronate esters based on the radical addition of xanthates. Through this method, we synthesized various boronate ester xanthates that could be utilized as a platform to furnish conjugated aromatic building blocks, including thiophenes, pyrroles, tetralones, naphthols, and naphthylamines. This cost-effective strategy holds promise as a viable method for the industrial-scale production of (hetero)aromatic boronate esters.
Navigating the Surgical Pathway for Frail, Older Adults Undergoing Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Roo Ana C. De , Ivatury Srinivas J.
Published: April 2024

Adults ≥ 65 years of age comprise nearly 20% of the U.S. population and over half of surgical patients. Older adults, particularly when frail, may require additional preoperative evaluation and counseling, specialized hospital care, and may experience more noticeable physical and cognitive changes than younger or healthier patients. Surgeons can assess frailty and risk using several frailty measures, as data exist demonstrating worse perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Prehabilitation programs have not been shown to improve surgical outcomes for colorectal surgery patients but may help maintain physical function or hasten recovery to baseline around the time of surgery, particularly for frail patients. Functional decline and delirium are common postoperatively in older adult patients, particularly those who are frail at baseline, and should be discussed with at-risk older adults. Primary care physicians and geriatricians can help with in-depth evaluation of frailty and geriatric syndromes. Special attention to the risks, outcomes, and care of older adults considering or undergoing colorectal surgery can help inform decision-making, which may facilitate goal-concordant care.
How to Penetrate the Wall of an Unintentionally Deployed Wallstent in the External Carotid Artery for Stenting of an Internal Carotid Artery Lesion
Authors: Hashemi Arash , Serati Alireza , Ahmadieh Arsis , Khalilipur Ehsan , Ghaffari Lida , Movahed Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2024

Carotid artery stenting is increasingly performed among patients with proper indications for carotid artery revascularization. It has a low complication rate with a short recovery time. In this case, we report a new complication due to unintended stent deployment in the external carotid artery covering the ostium of the internal carotid artery requiring penetration and stenting of the deployed Wallstent wall to advance the second stent in the proper position in the internal carotid artery.
Are mouse noodles actually made from mice? Touring street food name translations
Authors: Zhu Hongxiang , Ang Lay Hoon , Mansor Nor Shahila
Published: April 2024

Street food helps to characterise Southeast Asia as a popular gastronomic destination for tourism. However, confusion regarding its translation can make it difficult to understand the nature of its food types and selections. This study aims to examine how street food names in Malaysia are translated from Chinese to English and explore the cultural influence found within the translations of street food names. This study adopts a qualitative case study with thirty-six types of translations for mouse noodle, nineteen types for Hokkien Mee, twenty-two types for Wan Tan Mee, and seven types for Kueh Chap. Data analysis encompassed both the micro content analysis for food translation techniques with changes in content and linguistic aspects of translation varieties and the macro-analysis from an ethnography approach with a semi-structured interview comprised of perspectives from ten food vendors and twenty consumers. The analysis of the interviews is guided by linguistic and cultural factors. This study found that street food names were translated with transliteration, literal translation, amplification, omission, and their combinations—the results showed that transliteration was the most frequently used technique. In detail, the changes made in the translations were in both content and linguistic aspects—mainly addition, omission, restructuring, lexical, and morphological changes. The results also showed that the factors that played a major role include knowledge (background knowledge and linguistic competence), time, and culture (localisation and cultural policy). The ethnographic description explained how these factors result in transliteration within the social relations of Chinese Malaysians. In conclusion, the transliteration based on Chinese dialects and its varieties in spelling has labelled Malaysia a multicultural destination, in which its diverse cultures are intermingled in the translations of street food names.
Leveraging natural language processing techniques to explore the potential impact of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
Authors: Curran Louise , Carrasco-Farré Carlos
Published: April 2024

Debates on controversial policies often stimulate extensive discourse, which is difficult to interpret objectively. Political science scholars have begun to use new textual data analysis tools to illuminate policy debates, yet these techniques have been little leveraged in the international business literature. We use a combination of natural language processing, network analysis and trade data to shed light on a high-profile policy debate—the EU’s recently enacted Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). We leverage these novel techniques to analyze business inputs to the EU’s public consultation, differentiating between different types of organizations (companies, trade associations, non-EU actors) and nature of impact (direct, indirect, potential). Although there are similarities in key concerns, there are also differences, both across sectors and between collective and individual actors. Key findings include the fact that collective actors and indirectly affected sectors tended to be less concerned about the negative impacts of the new measure on international relations than individual firms and those directly affected. Firms’ home country also impacted on their positions, with EU-headquartered and foreign-owned companies clustering separately. Our research highlights the potential of natural language processing techniques to help better understand the positions of business in contentious debates and inform policy making.
Electric and elastic characteristics of the orthorhombic paramagnet after the quantum quench
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Zvyagina G. A.
Published: April 2024

Quantum quench (the sudden change) of the magnetic field in the orthorhombic and monoclinic paramagnets yields the renormalization of the spin quadrupole moment of the system. In the closed system, the renormalized spin quadrupole moment oscillates with the frequency, determined by the final value of the magnetic field. In the open system, these oscillations are damped in the steady-state regime. The renormalization of the electric permittivity, piezoelectric modulus, and elastic modulus of the system are dependent on both initial and finite values of the magnetic field via the spin quadrupole susceptibility demonstrating features at the critical values of the magnetic field, at which crossover of the energy levels of the paramagnet takes place.
Empirical universal approach to describing the thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers: Effects of pressure, radiation and the Meyer–Neldel rule
Authors: Krivchikov A. I. , Korolyuk O. A.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we propose and validate a universal temperature-dependent model for characterizing the thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers over a wide temperature range. Our approach captures key features in the thermal conductivity data, including a plateau, an inflection point, and the subsequent increase and saturation with rising temperature. Importantly, this model proves effective not only for pristine amorphous polymers but also for polymers subjected to external influences. We investigate the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of amorphous polymer materials under various external conditions, such as hydrostatic pressure, radiation exposure, and the incorporation of fillers. Our analysis reveals novel insights into the dual-channel heat transfer mechanisms within amorphous polymers. Specifically, we observe a linear relationship between the logarithm of the “coherence” conductivity pre-factor and the characteristic energy, consistent with the Meyer–Neldel rule governing thermal conductivity. This research advances our understanding of thermal transport in amorphous polymers and underscores the applicability of the proposed universal model in describing complex thermal behavior across different conditions.
On inverse scattering approach and action-angle variables to the Harry-Dym equation
Authors: Yin Zhe-Yong , Tian Shou-Fu
Published: April 2024

In this work, we employ the inverse scattering approach to study the Poisson structure and action-angle variables for the Harry-Dym equation. The Poisson brackets for the scattering data are presented. In consequence, the action-angle variables are expressed in terms of the scattering data. Interestingly, our results show that the coordinate expression and the spectral parameter expression of the Hamiltonian can be related by the conservation laws. Moreover, we establish the Wronskian relations of the Jost solution and the completeness relation for the squared solutions of the spectral problem, and prove that any function that decays rapidly at infinity can be expanded by the squared solutions.
Leakage current as a probe into the mechanics of carrier transport in insulating composite polymers
Authors: Mamun M. Asaduz Zaman , Mavinkurve Amar , van Soestbergen Michiel , Terzariol Greta , Alam Muhammad A.
Published: April 2024

Amorphous composite polymers are widely used as insulators in microelectronics due to their high dielectric strength, mechanical robustness, and thermal stability. However, organic–inorganic composite systems suffer from undesirable performance and accelerated degradation due to leakage current (JTot). Unfortunately, the underlying mechanism of JTot and its components (e.g., ionic and electronic constituents) are inadequately understood, particularly in extreme use conditions (e.g., high humidity and temperature). In this study, we use numerical simulation and experimental JTot data (in amorphous epoxy polymer with silica fillers) to (i) unify the electrostatic model for JTot in composite polymers, (ii) illustrate that the early part of JTot (i.e., external current) is primarily due to the image charge associated with ion transport/ localization (Jion) near the metallic contacts, (iii) demonstrate that the accumulated counter-ions reduce the barrier for electronic charge injection (by band bending) and facilitate electronic injection from the metals (Jelec), and (iv) provide an algorithm for the in situ ion transport characterization of composite insulators by exploiting Jion. This work provides new insights regarding the leakage current mechanism and how it can be used as a probe into the complex transport mechanisms of the composite material.
Experimental investigation of the characteristics of the plasma flow generated in quasi-stationary plasma accelerator using optical methods
Authors: Kartasheva A. A. , Gutorov K. M. , Podkovyrov V. L. , Muravyeva E. A. , Lukyanov K. S. , Klimov N. S.
Published: April 2024

The spatial and temporal dependencies of the characteristics of the hydrogen plasma flow generated in quasi-stationary plasma accelerator were investigated. The spatiotemporal structure of discharge radiation in the interelectrode gap was studied. The range of changes in the length of the plasma glowing region in the interelectrode gap during the discharge pulse was determined. The region with bright plasma radiation located in the output face of the accelerator electrode system was observed. The presence of impurities and increased electron concentration values were observed in this region. Fluctuations in the radiation intensity of the plasma flow were detected along the entire length of its propagation. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these fluctuations were determined. The electron concentration values near the output face of the electrode system were obtained by measuring the Stark broadening of the Hβ line. For the first time, the time dependence of the electron concentration of free plasma flow was obtained using two methods simultaneously. The measurements were conducted at a distance, which significantly exceeds the characteristic size of the electrode system and where the influence of interelectrode processes of plasma flow generation is reduced. The first is based on measuring the Stark broadening of Hβ. As a second method, heterodyne interferometry was used.
Tuning magnetization compensation temperature of Gd3Fe5O12 epitaxially grown on Gd3Sc2Ga3O12
Authors: Wang Pengju , Ke Jintao , Li G. S. , Bi L. Z. , Hu Chaoqun , Zhu Zhaozhao , Liu Junhang , Zhang Ying , Cai J. W.
Published: April 2024

The compensated ferrimagnetic insulator Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) with a magnetization compensation point (TM ∼ 286 K) near room temperature has recently gained significant attention because of its long spin transmission length and absence of Ohmic loss. However, previously reported GdIG films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have a TM far below room temperature, which is unfavorable for practical applications. Here, we show the tuning of TM from 268 to 303.7 K in perpendicularly magnetized 15 nm GdIG films epitaxially grown on (111) Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 by manipulating the epitaxial strain through controlling the rapid cooling temperature during the annealing process. By varying the film thickness between 5 and 40 nm, the TM of the film can be further extended to a range of 246–380 K. We have also demonstrated highly efficient switching of the GdIG spin-sublattices driven by current at room temperature in the GdIG/Pt heterostructures with various TM values, especially with TM slightly higher than 300 K. Our findings reveal potential opportunities for insulating compensated ferrimagnetic films of GdIG in the development of high-density, high-speed, and energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Machinability investigation of natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composite under drilling: Leveraging machine learning in bioengineering applications
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Ashiquzzaman Nipu Shah Md , Hossain Shawon Md. Sabbir , Kumar Raman , Salman Sheak , Verma Amit , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Islam Saiful , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: April 2024

The growing demand for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in industrial applications has prompted the exploration of natural fiber-based composites as a viable alternative to synthetic fibers. Using jute–rattan fiber-reinforced composite offers the potential for environmentally sustainable waste material decomposition and cost reduction compared to conventional fiber materials. This article focuses on the impact of different machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination during the drilling process of the jute–rattan FRP composite. Inspired by this unexplored research area, this article emphasizes the influence of various machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination in drilling jute–rattan FRP composite. Response surface methodology designs the experiment using drill bit material, spindle speed, and feed rate as input variables to measure surface roughness and delamination factors. The technique of order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution method is used to optimize the machining parameters, and for predicting surface roughness and delamination, two machine learning-based models named random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) are utilized. To evaluate the accuracy of the predicted values, the correlation coefficient (R2), mean absolute percentage error, and mean squared error were used. RF performed better in comparison with SVM, with a higher value of R2 for both testing and training datasets, which is 0.997, 0.981, and 0.985 for surface roughness, entry delamination, and exit delamination, respectively. Hence, this study presents an innovative methodology for predicting surface roughness and delamination through machine learning techniques.
Magnetoacoustic waves in a partially ionized astrophysical plasma with the thermal misbalance: A two-fluid approach
Authors: Molevich N. E. , Pichugin S. Yu. , Riashchikov D. S.
Published: April 2024

We consider the propagation of magnetoacoustic (MA) and acoustic waves of various frequency ranges in a partially ionized plasma at an arbitrary angle to the magnetic field, taking into account the influence of heating, radiative, and thermo-conductive cooling, as well as ion-neutral collisions. A dispersion equation that describes the evolution of nine modes was obtained in a compact mathematical form using the two-fluid model. The number and type of propagating waves (modified fast and slow MA waves, MA waves in the ion component, acoustic waves in the neutral component, as well as isothermal MA and isothermal acoustic waves) vary in different frequency ranges depending on the parameters of the medium. Analytical expressions are found for the speed and damping rates of all these propagating waves, and it is shown how dispersion and damping are formed by three processes: thermal misbalance, ion-neutral collisions, and thermal conductivity. Comparison of analytical calculations of the velocity and damping rates of MA waves with the numerical solution of the dispersion relation under conditions characteristic of the low solar atmosphere and prominences showed high accuracy of the obtained analytical expressions. The strong influence of thermal misbalance caused by gasdynamic perturbations on the speed and damping rate of modified magnetoacoustic waves in a strongly coupled region is shown as well.