bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The politicization of education policies: The case of Ghana’s Free Senior High School Policy
Authors: Kofinti Hilarius Kofi
Published: November 2024

While many scholars recognize and criticize the politicization of education policies, scholarly attention to the strategies politicians utilize to politicize educational policy discourses remains limited. Focusing on the officials of Ghana’s two major political parties, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC), as policy actors, this paper investigates how officials of these two parties operationalized discussions regarding Ghana’s Free Senior High School Policy (FSHSP) to garner support for their parties while stoking resentment for their political opponents. The study employs a critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework and a dataset of 175 documents, including news stories, press releases, party manifestos, and government publications. The analysis reveals that both parties resorted to strategies of positive self-presentation and negative other presentation. The NPP contrasted its regime with the NDC’s tenure and framed the NDC as a threat to FSHSP and the education of the poor and vulnerable. The NDC problematized and highlighted implementation bottlenecks while framing the NPP and FSHSP as threats to quality education. I argue that through these strategies, NPP officials aimed to maintain incumbency while NDC officials advocated a regime change. The paper concludes by emphasizing the potential risks associated with politicizing education policies.
Injurias a Cristo. Política, Inquisición y antijudaísmo en el siglo XVII
Authors: Pulido Serrano Ignacio
Published: November 2024

En la Historia, los hechos son fundamentales. Y su ordenación correcta en el tiempo lo es aún más. Es así si lo que se quiere es trazar un relato veraz de los acontecimientos del pasado. Pues solo de esta manera se les puede dar su verdadero sentido histórico. En este libro se han rescatado determinados hechos del siglo XVII, bien justificados en los documentos donde quedaron registrados. Hacia 1630, el sacrilegio cometido contra un crucifijo en Madrid, corte del rey, y el portentoso milagro ocurrido al que dio lugar, desataron un sonoro escándalo que movilizó unos y a otros. El examen minucioso de este caso, sus causas, el desarrollo del mismo y las consiguientes consecuencias nos han permitido mostrar aspectos que consideramos fundamentales para entender la realidad política, social y cultural de ese tiempo. Trascendiendo aquel extraordinario suceso, podemos entender mejor el papel de la Inquisición y sus inigualables capacidades para influir en la sociedad, las formas propias que adoptó la disputa política y el peso que la ideología antijudía tuvo en todo ello. Como víctimas propiciatorias y necesarias en esta constante histórica fueron señalados algunos individuos que la mayoría social convirtió en minoría perseguida e infame. Eran ciertos portugueses inmigrados en la ciudad: los descendientes de los judíos convertidos más de cien años atrás.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Resorcylidene Aminoguanidine in Human Diploid Cells B-HNF-1
Authors: Vojtaššák J. , Blaško Milan , Danišovič Ľ. , Čársky J. , Ďuríková M. , Repiská V. , Waczulíková I. , Böhmer D.
Published: November 2024

RAG belongs to appropriate inhibitors of protein glycation, i.e. formation of advanced glycation end products, which are thought to be responsible for some complications of DM, including neuropathy, angiopathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. In the present study authors have evaluated the genotoxic effect of RAG on the cell culture of human neonatal fibroblasts (B-HNF-1) in regard to its potential clinical application as inhibitor of advanced glycation end products in relationships to the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. The direct contact cytotoxicity assay and micronucleus test were performed. The results showed that RAG in the concentration range of 1 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-6 mol.l-1 did not induce any changes in the morphology of exposed B-HNF-1 cells. The frequency of micronuclei was not significantly increased as well. The inhibitive effect of resorcylidene aminoguanidine was directly proportional to its concentration. It can be concluded that RAG at the selected concentrations has an inhibitive effect on proliferation of the treated cells and, at the same time, does not display any genotoxic effects on B-HNF-1 cells.
The Lack of Correlation between the Increased Frequency of Allele IL-1RN*2 of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene in Czech Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and the Markers of Cartilage Degradation
Authors: Růžičková Š. , Šenolt L. , Gatterová J. , Vencovský J. , Pavelka Karel
Published: November 2024

Primary OA is a common multifactorial disease with not fully clarified molecular factors influencing the development of the disease. Among factors disturbing the cartilage integrity are cytokines, such as IL-1, which can stimulate proteinases, resulting in the cartilage destruction. In this regard, IL-1RA competing with IL-1 for binding to its receptor may act as an inhibitor of cartilage breakdown. Because of the possible functional implications, we tested VNTR polymorphism in the second intron of the IL-1RN gene as a putative factor of susceptibility to knee OA. Fifty patients with primary knee OA (diagnosed according to ACR criteria) and 170 healthy controls were included into the study. PCR using primers flanking the VNTR region containing variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat was employed to test the hypothesis. An increased frequency and carriage rate of the IL-1RN*2 allele was found in OA patients in comparison with controls (28 % vs. 15 %, P = 0.0013, OR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.55–5.68 for frequency; 52.5 % vs. 25.3 %, P = 0.0019, OR = 2.95; 95% CI 1.54–5.68 for carriage rate). In addition, a higher frequency of genotype IL-1RN*1/*2 in OA patients was observed as compared with controls (42 % vs. 20.6 %, P = 0.0032, OR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.42–5.48). These results suggest that the IL-1RN*2 allele might represent a factor of susceptibility to OA; however, no correlation between this allele and the markers of cartilage degradation was found.
Localization of Human Coagulation Factor VIII (hFVIII) in Transgenic Rabbit by FISH-TSA: Identification of Transgene Copy Number and Transmission to the Next Generation
Authors: Krylov Vladimir , Tlapáková T. , Mácha J. , Curlej J. , Ryban L. , Chrenek P.
Published: November 2024

For chromosomal localization of the hFVIII human transgene in F2 and F3 generation of transgenic rabbits, FISH-TSA was applied. A short cDNA probe (1250 bp) targeted chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 9 and 18 of an F2 male (animal 1-3-8). Two transgenic off-spring (F3) revealed signal positions in chromosome 3 and chromosomes 3 and 7, respectively. Sequencing and structure analysis of the rabbit orthologous gene revealed high similarity to its human counterpart. Part of the sequenced cDNA (1310 bp) served as a probe for FISH-TSA analysis. The rabbit gene was localized in the q arm terminus of the X chromosome. This result is in agreement with reciprocal chromosome painting between the rabbit and the human. The presented FISH-TSA method provides strong signals without any interspecies reactivity.
Determination of Angiogenic Factors in Serum by Protein Array in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lukešová Š. , Kopecký Otakar , Vroblová V. , Hlávková D. , Andrýs C. , Morávek P. , Čermáková E.
Published: November 2024

Using the protein array method we determined the serum levels of a number of angiogenic factors. We identified serum levels of angiogenin, PDGF and MCP-1 (CCL2 chemokine) in serum of 32 patients with RCC, and 14 healthy volunteers by means of antibody array analysis. The patients were divided into three groups according to their disease stages (I+II, III, and IV). We found significant differences between the controls and patients with RCC both pre-operatively and post-operatively in angiogenin, PDGF and MCP-1 serum levels. The increase in angiogenin, PDGF and MCP-1 lasted in patients with RCC stages I-III even without metastases eight weeks post-operatively. The patients with stage IV RCC showed disturbed production of PDGF and MCP-1. Protein array analysis is a powerful tool for the identification of large numbers of trace proteins. Multiplex antibody array is able to provide data more precisely reflecting the nature of pathological processes.
How black is really Black Slavonian pig?
Authors: MARGETA Polona , MARGETA Vladimir , BUDIMIR Kristina
Published: November 2024

Black Slavonian pig is Croatian autochthonous pig breed, established at the end of the 19th century by crossing locally raised Mangalitsa pigs with Berkshire, Poland China and Large Black pig breeds. Previous study of the main coat colour Extension locus in Black Slavonian pigs revealed the presence of the ED1 allele, typical for black pig breeds of Asian origin. Because the Black Slavonian pig is the only breed with ED1 genotype raised in Croatia, the genotyping of the MC1R gene was used to determine the purity of the Black Slavonian pigs. PCR-RFLP analysis using NspI restriction endonuclease performed on 179 pigs from 9 farms in Osjek-Baranja County shows that only 70 pigs were pure black while other 109 pigs were crossbreeds. The method used is simple, fast, low-cost and reliable and for that reasons it will be further used in the selection programme of Black Slavonian pig.
Pedigree analysis of Cinta Senese and Mora Romagnola breeds
Authors: CROVETTI Alessandro , SIRTORI Francesco , PUGLIESE Carolina , FRANCI Oreste , BOZZI Riccardo
Published: November 2024

During the last century, all the Italian pig breeds suffered a narrow bottleneck. Nowadays, only six Italian local breeds are still reared in Italy and only Cinta Senese and Mora Romagnola breeds can account on rather complete and reliable pedigree. The aim of the work was to assess both genetic variability and genetic contribution of founders and herds to the present populations for these breeds in order to explore the possibility to set up a selection of breeding animals. The results showed that both breeds still need an accurate mating management in order to contain inbreeding levels and at the moment no selection strategies could be planned.
The Quiet Quote: Thoughts on Quotation Norms and Plagiarism in the Judeo-Arabic Culture of the High and Late Middle Ages
Authors: Ariel Neri Y.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I strive to emphasize the phenomenology of quotation norms among Medieval Jewish scholars in an Islamicate context. The examined texts shed new light on the theme of plagiarism. The article ponders a fascinating connection raised in Jewish tradition between the legal normativity of quotation and the eschatological doctrine of deliverance. This research is both philological and comparative and stands at the intersection between law, literature, and philosophy. The last parts of the article show that the concept of plagiarism is a later phenomenon and that the discourse in this regard is modern by all means. It is connected with concepts such as intellectual property, which is mostly grounded in human rights discourse. In the appendix, I show the reductio ad absurdum of this phenomenon in modern times and address the heightened complexity of the issue in the technological era, with the promotion and growing influence of artificial intelligence.
Light curve modeling of the eclipsing binary systems V0876 Lyr, V3660 Oph, and V0988 Mon
Authors: Alenazi Moqbil S. , Elkhateeb Magdy M.
Published: November 2024

Photometric study and light curve modeling for the systems V0876 Lyr, V3660 Oph, and V0988 Mon were carried out by means of their first charge-coupled device observations and the Wilson–Devinney code based on model atmospheres by Kurucz (1993. In: Milone, E. (Ed.), Light curve modeling of eclipsing binary stars. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 93). The accepted models reveal physical parameters that show that all the primary components of the studied systems are more massive and hotter than the secondary ones. The systems V0876 Lyr and V0988 Mon were classified as over contact, with mass ratios of 0.8940 and 0.3904, respectively, while the system V366Oph was classified as detached, with a mass ratio of 0.1181. The evolutionary state of the system components was investigated, and their spectral types were adopted. Both components of the system V0876 Lyr and secondary components of the systems V3660 Oph and V0988 Mon show lower radii and luminosities than expected for Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS). Secondary components of the system, V3660 Oph and V0988 Mon, deviated from ZAMS and the Terminal-age Main Sequence (TAMS) with a higher radius and luminosity than expected for ZAMS and TAMS.
Synthesis of speed controllers by the polynomial equations method for an unstable electromechanical object
Authors: Markov Vladyslav , Honcharov Yevhen
Published: November 2024

The article shows the possibility of synthesis of speed controllers by the polynomial equations method for a two-mass initially unstable object. The instability is caused by the non-linear nature of the friction load with so-called falling section. The low – order and full-order speed controllers with motor speed feedback which provide acceptable quality control indicators are synthesized. Analytical expressions for finding the parameters of the controllers are given, and computer simulations are also presented. A conclusion was made about the preference of using the low-order controller.
Analysis of the degree of correlation of spatial distribution of electricity theft and exogenous variables: case study of Florianopolis, Brazil
Authors: Sousa Natalia B. , da Silva Leonardo Nogueira F. , Garcia Vinicius J. , Stromm Kamila , Bernardon Daniel P. , Wolter Martin , Carneiro Filho Otacílio O.
Published: November 2024

This article presents a geospatial study case on electricity theft. The main objective is to identify the degree of correlation between exogenous variables and areas with a high density of irregular cases. Firstly, the geospatial study is carried out to asses the null hypothesis and check whether the data pattern presents clustering, for this the ANN method is applied, which ruled out the null hypothesis for the data set. Once the clustering pattern is confirmed, the spatial weight matrix is created to study spatial autocorrelation by applying Global Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I. Moran scatterplot is used to evaluate the degree of fitness, identify outliers, and local pockets of stationarity. The Local Moran index is used to determine the location of the clusters and the relationship between the points. In the data pre-processing step, spatial interpolation is implemented to the exogenous variables as a tool to better association of consumer units points and socioeconomic variables, the method utilized is IDW interpolation. The R-squared value of the spatial lag model after model tuning by feature selection was 87 % indicating that the model fit the observed data well.
Language learners, chess champions, and piano prodigies – insights from research on language contact and expert behavior
Authors: Barking Marie
Published: November 2024

One of the central assumptions in Cognitive Linguistics is that the cognitive mechanisms underlying our language use are domain-general and thus apply to human behavior beyond language. Examples of such cognitive mechanisms are, among others, our ability to focus attention, to memorize and categorize, as well as processes related to chunking, generalization, and inhibitory control. Testing this core assumption, however, is often difficult, as it requires us to move beyond linguistic research and to actively look for links between our language use and other areas of human cognition. This paper is an illustration of what such links could look like, particularly focusing on links between research on (Dutch-German) language contact and expert behavior. In doing so, it shows (a) that there are many shared links, for example, regarding the cognitive mechanisms of entrenchment and chunking, and (b) that these shared links (as well as potential differences across the fields) can be used to improve our linguistic theorizing. In particular, I argue that linguistic research can benefit from the insights from research on expert behavior, especially from its more advanced insights modelling individual variation, and that the shared links can help us to test the core assumption that the cognitive mechanisms underlying our language use are indeed domain-general.
Double machine learning and design in batch adaptive experiments
Authors: Li Harrison H. , Owen Art B.
Published: November 2024

We consider an experiment with at least two stages or batches and

O

(

N

)

O\left(N)

subjects per batch. First, we propose a semiparametric treatment effect estimator that efficiently pools information across the batches, and we show that it asymptotically dominates alternatives that aggregate single batch estimates. Then, we consider the design problem of learning propensity scores for assigning treatment in the later batches of the experiment to maximize the asymptotic precision of this estimator. For two common causal estimands, we estimate this precision using observations from previous batches, and then solve a finite-dimensional concave maximization problem to adaptively learn flexible propensity scores that converge to suitably defined optima in each batch at rate

O

p

(

N

−
1
⁄
4

)

{O}_{p}\left({N}^{-1/4})

. By extending the framework of double machine learning, we show this rate suffices for our pooled estimator to attain the targeted precision after each batch, as long as nuisance function estimates converge at rate

o

p

(

N

−
1
⁄
4

)

{o}_{p}\left({N}^{-1/4})

. These relatively weak rate requirements enable the investigator to avoid the common practice of discretizing the covariate space for design and estimation in batch adaptive experiments while maintaining the advantages of pooling. Our numerical study shows that such discretization often leads to substantial asymptotic and finite sample precision losses outweighing any gains from design.
Decomposition of Thompson group representations arising from Cuntz algebras
Authors: Carneiro Nuno , Pinto Paulo R.
Published: November 2024

For every integer

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

, we consider a family

{

π
w

}

w
∈

{
0
,
1
,
…
,

n
−
1

}

N

\{\pi_{w}\}_{w\in\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}^{\mathbb{N}}}

of irreducible representations of the Cuntz algebra

O
n

\mathcal{O}_{n}

.
All these representations (except one) are shown to be equivalent to those arising from the orbits of the interval map dynamical system

(
I
,
f
)

(I,f)

with

f
⁢

(
x
)

=

n
⁢
x
⁢

(

mod
⁢
1

)

f(x)=nx\ (\mathrm{mod}\ 1)

.
We consider the embeddings

V
=

V
2

⊂

V
n

⊂

O
n

V=V_{2}\subset V_{n}\subset\mathcal{O}_{n}

of the Thompson group 𝑉 in the Higman–Thompson group

V
n

V_{n}

obtained by Birget and then from

V
n

V_{n}

into

O
n

\mathcal{O}_{n}

which was obtained independently by Birget and Nekrashevych.
The restriction of

π
w

\pi_{w}

to

V
n

V_{n}

is still irreducible; however, the restriction of

π
w

\pi_{w}

to 𝑉 is no longer irreducible, and we obtain the corresponding irreducible decomposition in terms of quasi-regular representations.
Polizei: Vertrauen ist gut, Kontrolle auch
Authors: Piening Marie-Theres , Habermann Julia , Singelnstein Tobias
Published: November 2024

Den Bestrebungen zur Kontrolle der Polizei wird in der öffentlichen Debatte regelmäßig das hohe Vertrauen der Bevölkerung in die Institution gegenübergestellt, das eine intensivere Kontrolle polizeilicher Praxis entbehrlich mache. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag anhand einer Quotenstichprobe Wahrnehmungen und Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung zu Problemen in der Polizei, zur Kontrolle der Polizei und zum Umgang mit Fehlverhalten sowie den Folgen für Legitimität und Vertrauen bezüglich der Polizei. Hierzu werden zunächst Legitimität, Vertrauen und Kontrolle bzw. Police Accountability in ihrem Verhältnis zueinander diskutiert. Anschließend wird die Kategorie des Vertrauens um die Dimension des gerechtfertigten Vertrauens erweitert, die sich an den Rechtfertigungsverhältnissen für wahrgenommene Probleme sowie dem Umgang mit diesen und deren Aufarbeitung bemisst. Die empirischen Befunde zeigen, dass die Gesellschaft zu einem differenzierten Blick auf die Polizei fähig ist: Kontrolle und Vertrauen stellen aus Sicht der Befragten keinen Widerspruch dar. Obwohl das Vertrauen (auch) in der vorliegenden Stichprobe hoch ist, werden Probleme in der Polizei wie Ungleichbehandlung, Rassismus und übermäßige Gewalt als solche gesehen und wird ein transparenter, gegenüber den Betroffenen sensiblerer Umgang mit Fehlverhalten favorisiert. Externe und unabhängige Police Accountability-Mechanismen wie etwa Polizeibeauftragte werden gegenüber innerpolizeilichen und sonstigen klassischen Kontrollmechanismen bevorzugt, während interne polizeiliche Ermittlungen und die Bearbeitung von mutmaßlichem Fehlverhalten durch die Judikative skeptisch bewertet werden.
Interindividual Differences in Higher and Lower-Order Object-Related Cognition: The Role of Inner Speech
Authors: Borges Priscila B , Mueller Jutta L
Published: November 2024

The capacity to experience inner speech has been hypothesized to impact cognitive functions like object recognition, abstract thought, and metacognition. However, little is known about how individual differences in the propensity to experience inner speech affect these functions, a relevant topic to address given the wide variation in this trait within the general population. Here, we contribute novel evidence addressing this gap and provide a new tool to measure these individual differences in German-speaking participants. In a first study, we validate the IRQ-G, a German version of the Internal Representations Questionnaire (Roebuck & Lupyan, 2020), offering scales that index the capacity to manipulate visual representations (Representational Manipulation), and the tendencies to experience thoughts in the form of visual and verbal information (Visual Imagery and Internal Verbalization, respectively). In a second study, we observe that participants with higher Internal Verbalization scores respond faster in a word-picture verification task where they match words to images but are more slowed by increases in semantic similarity between the items, relative to those with lower scores. We interpret this as a reflection of more categorical representations being cued in those with more language-reliant thinking during object recognition. In a third study, we present exploratory evidence based on a complex categorization task that more Internal Verbalization relates to slower determinations of response confidence when participants group images that rarely occur in the same context. We additionally offer exploratory evidence that condensed forms of inner speech hamper object recognition but aid abstract thought. Together, our studies highlight the complex and diverse effects of individual differences in inner speech tendencies on noncommunicative cognitive functions and broaden the methodological toolkit of researchers pursuing this line of inquiry in the German-speaking world.
The problem of soccer intelligence in modern research
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Ukraine, Perepelytsia Pavlo
Published: November 2024

Speed, dynamism, high physical and mental loads characterize modern soccer. In this regard, the player's intelligence plays an important role during the game, because it: affects the form of tactical behavior; allows to make effective decisions in stressful situations; increases the player's ability to understand and establish links between game episodes and solve problematic game episodes using available tactical information. Therefore, the study of theoretical, tactical and psychological aspects of the development of intellectual abilities of a player is important for obtaining high results in this sport. The aim of the study is to analyze theoretical research on the peculiarities and development of intellectual abilities of soccer players. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature. Research results. As a result of the conducted analysis of literary sources it was determined that soccer intelligence is a way of thinking that allows a player to solve problem situations using knowledge, experience, skills and natural data, which are best suited for a particular game situation. Player's intelligence is a complex multilevel structure that is the result of player's adaptation to the conditions of the game space, constitutes a special form of tactical behavior of the player, is the result of purposeful tactical training of the player as a set of elementary processes of information processing and a system of cognitive processes. Conclusions. In soccer, the intellectual component is an integral part of both the game itself and the training process. Coaches are interested in its improvement and effective use because soccer intelligence is a way of thinking that allows a player to successfully solve problem situations using knowledge, experience, skills, and natural data that are best suited for a particular game situation.
Forming physical readiness for school in older preschool children through sports games
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Titarenko Svitlana , Babаchuk Yuliya ,   Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

An analysis of studies on the problem of forming physical readiness for school in older preschool children has been conducted. It is emphasized that physical readiness is fundamental for a child's successful adaptation to the school environment. It includes the development of motor skills, coordination, endurance, and strength, which are crucial for a child’s ability to perform various school tasks, from writing letters to participating in active games during breaks. Insufficient physical preparedness can lead to difficulties in mastering the school curriculum, decreased attention span, quick fatigue, and even health problems. Therefore, it is essential to develop the necessary physical qualities in children before they start school. It has been established that sports games are an effective tool for ensuring the physical readiness of older preschoolers for school. Games help develop coordination, strength, endurance, and flexibility, which are important for comprehensive physical development. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of sports games on the formation of physical readiness for school in older preschool children. At the initial stage of the study, generalized results of the level of physical readiness for school revealed that only 20% of children in the experimental group (EG) and 16% in the control group (CG) showed a high level of readiness, 58% of children in the EG and 52% in the CG showed a medium level, and 22% of children in the EG and 31% in the CG showed a low level. It was noted that the initial level of physical readiness for school in children from both the experimental and control groups was approximately the same at the beginning of the formative stage of the study. During the research, a system was developed and tested, aimed at enhancing the level of physical readiness for school in older preschool children, with active use of sports games elements. The proposed system of work involved organizing activities with children through play and was implemented sequentially across three interrelated stages: introductory, active, and creative. By the end of the study, the results in the CG and EG were as follows: a high level of physical readiness was shown by 46% of children in the EG and 24% in the CG, a medium level by 42% in the EG and 52% in the CG, and a low level by 12% in the EG and 24% in the CG.
O caso Sheila
Authors: Caprini de Oliveira Jacson
Published: November 2024

A questão central deste estudo é a empregabilidade de pessoas trans, em especial a feminina. É importante mencionar que este artigo é uma reflexão de parte da tese que está sendo desenvolvida pelo autor no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Sociologia e Ciência Política da PUCRS, objetivando investigar o tema mencionado. Assim, busca-se responder à questão sobre como as mulheres trans vivenciam o mercado de trabalho utilizando a história de vida de Sheila como uma possível fonte de dados e resposta a essa indagação. As narrativas biográficas são utilizadas como aporte metodológico para fazer essa incursão no mundo trans. Os resultados apontam para o fato de Sheila ter assumido o papel de cuidadora dos irmãos ainda na infância, mantendo essa prática nas outras fases. Quando tem a chance de se profissionalizar, ela passa a assumir, também no mercado de trabalho, postos voltados ao cuidado. Além disso, nota-se, a partir de sua história de vida, uma forte conexão com o tema de políticas públicas, em especial, sua ausência.
Minería en los márgenes: entre la estrategia de integración estatal y el proceso de fragmentación territorial en la región atlántica de Panamá
Authors: Fresneau Jérôme
Published: November 2024

En este artículo, describimos la dinámica multifacética de la inscripción del proyecto minero Cobre Panamá en el espacio local al cuestionar los métodos de construcción de un nuevo territorio de extracción organizado por y para la explotación de los recursos mineros. Para eso, ubicamos el desarrollo de las actividades mineras en la región atlántica panameña dentro de un proceso más amplio con voluntad de integración territorial y política de un espacio del territorio nacional, hasta ahora, en situación de margen. Esto demuestra cómo la minería puede movilizarse sobre un espacio mediante una estrategia política de reordenamiento territorial y con pleno ejercicio de la soberanía nacional.
El ejemplo del desarrollo de la mina Cobre Panamá en la región atlántica panameña atestigua la complejidad de los procesos territoriales inducidos por la inserción de actividades extractivas. Por un lado, el diseño de las infraestructuras mineras de Cobre Panamá responde a una lógica de aislamiento e inmunización frente a su territorio receptor. Por otra parte, la inserción de un proyecto extractivo de gran escala en un espacio de margen nacional necesariamente produce integración territorial, variada naturaleza e intensidad.
Más allá de esta observación, demostramos que las modificaciones de los diversos marcos de gobernanza asociados a la minería (es decir, la evolución del marco político-administrativo y de los marcos de gestión de las relaciones comunitarias) son una de las modalidades de la integración territorial. Estas dinámicas de integración son, en particular, el resultado de la privatización de la gobernabilidad local a través del establecimiento, por parte de la empresa, de mecanismos específicos para supervisar las relaciones comunitarias.
La regularización como proceso racializado de transferencia de tierras en Guatemala
Authors: Hurtado Paz y Paz Laura
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo aborda el proceso de regularización de la tenencia de la tierra de comunidades q’eqchi’ en las Tierras Bajas del Norte (TBN) de Guatemala, en los departamentos de Petén, Alta Verapaz e Izabal, en los últimos 23 años contados a partir de la creación del Fondo de Tierras en 1999, al finalizar el conflicto armado interno que duró 35 años (1961-1996). Este proceso fue un compromiso de Estado tras la firma de la paz en 1996, que aún no se completa. En su discurrir en el tiempo, el proceso de regularización reviste características que permiten caracterizarlo como “racializador”, en tanto las concepciones y las prácticas o las omisiones estatales contribuyen a reproducir las relaciones de poder hegemónicas que han acompañado la historia de creación de la propiedad agraria en el país desde la colonia y la reforma liberal de las postrimerías del siglo XIX, reforzando el racismo estatal y social en contra de las comunidades indígenas. La autora revisa las ejecutorias de la institucionalidad agraria que debía conducir y llevar a término el proceso de regularización, los resultados del mismo y su significado en el largo proceso de construcción de la propiedad agraria en el país. Indaga sobre los impactos que éste ha tenido –y continúa teniendo— en particular para las comunidades q’eqchi’ en las TBN, para sus formas de organización comunitaria, su relación con la tierra y los bienes naturales, y la gobernanza del territorio.
Desentrañando las fronteras centroamericanas desde la geografía: entrevista a Lucile Medina
Authors: Medina Lucile , Rodríguez Echavarría Tania
Published: November 2024

Esta es una entrevista que realiza la Dra. Tania Rodríguez a la Dra. Lucile Medina, investigadora francesa sobre las dinámicas fronterizas. En este manuscrito, la Dra. Medina habla sobre su trayectoria académica y cómo su investigación se redirigió hacia el territorio centroamericano. La entrevistada hace hincapié en la importancia de ver el concepto de las fronteras más allá de su delineamiento geométrico y agregarle un punto de vista más interpretativo, ver las fronteras por encima de las divisiones e incorporar perspectivas multidisciplinarias. Es decir, para la Dra. Medina, el concepto tradicional de frontera no es suficiente para explicar las diferentes dinámicas que se desarrollan en estos territorios, las cuales se encuentran en constante transformación y se caracterizan por ser sumamente porosas. Además, termina dando una lectura sobre lo que está pasando actualmente con las fronteras y cómo lo que en el pasado se ha prestado a una apertura de las fronteras a partir de la colaboración de las comunidades, y se está transformando en una colaboración negativa de cierre con el involucramiento de los Estados.
Ciclo de vida de los partidos políticos: incertidumbre entre dos sentencias constitucionales
Authors: Cambronero Torres Andrei
Published: November 2024

En el artículo, se analiza cómo las sentencias de la Sala Constitucional de Costa Rica n.° 09340-2010 y 16592-2011, relativas a la anulación de las asambleas distritales como estructura obligatoria y a la eliminación del deber de los partidos políticos de presentar candidaturas so pena de desinscripción, han impactado el nacimiento, estructuración y eventual cancelación de agrupaciones políticas. Entre los puntos evaluados, están la vinculación o no de esas decisiones con la aparición de más partidos políticos (nacionales y cantonales) y en la imposibilidad de desinscribirlos o de evaluar si cuentan con un apoyo ciudadano suficiente para mantenerse en el respectivo registro. En suma, se exponen algunas consecuencias que esas decisiones judiciales han tenido sobre el sistema electoral.
Análisis de las elecciones costarricenses 2022: inestabilidad electoral, baja polarización y fragmentación como características del sistema
Authors: Cuitiño Burone Carlos Adrian
Published: November 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las elecciones de Costa Rica en 2022, las cuales presentaron como hechos destacados la victoria del outsider Rodrigo Chaves y el derrumbe electoral del Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) tras dos periodos en el gobierno. Dicho objetivo incluye explorar su impacto en la trayectoria del sistema de partidos utilizando datos e indicadores de los comicios desde 1994 a la fecha. Como argumento central, se maneja que el país ha entrado en una nueva configuración del sistema con características completamente distintas de las establecidas durante el bipartidismo, entre las que destacan una elevada fragmentación, inestabilidad electoral y una competencia signada por la baja polarización y un auge del personalismo.
Development of a compact forage harvester equipped with a stem length orienter and rectangular deflector for small farms
Authors: Abilzhanuly Tokhtar , Nurgozhayev Serik , Abilzhanov Daniyar , Seipataliyev Olzhas , Karmanov Darkhan , Kosherbay Dauren , Iskakov Ruslan , Khamitov Nurakhet
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the technological processes of high-quality crushing of stem feeds, due to the oriented feeding of stems into the grinding chamber and transportation of the crushed mass through a rectangular deflector.
A review of the literature sources has shown that at present, the design and technological scheme of a small-sized forage harvester has not yet been developed, which in turn ensures high-quality crushing of stem feeds and reduces operating costs in small farms.
As a result of theoretical studies, analytical expressions were obtained to determine the mass velocity at the deflector outlet and the range of mass ejection in the horizontal section.
The combine productivity when mowing alfalfa was equal to 6.22 t/h, the range of mass ejection in the horizontal direction was within 7.5...8.0 m (theoretical value – 7.8 m), the average size of crushed particles was 32.89 mm (estimated length – 33.5 mm), the difference between theoretical and actual values is 1.5 %.
The results of laboratory and field tests showed the efficiency of the forage harvester, the reliability of the analytical expressions obtained and the efficiency of the stem length orienter was determined. A distinctive feature of the research results is that a design and technological scheme of a small-sized forage harvester equipped with an orienter and a theoretical description of the feed transportation process through a rectangular deflector were developed.
According to the presented design and technological scheme, the deflector and orienter have a simplified design and good quality of crushing stem feeds. All this proves the practical significance and applicability of the developed forage harvester
Construction of a mathematical model of turbulent heat and mass transfer processes for the case of electron beam melting of titanium alloy casts
Authors: Rymar Serhii , Krivtsun Igor , Hubatiuk Ruslan , Berezos Volodymyr , Akhonin Dmytro
Published: November 2024

This paper describes a mathematical model built for turbulent heat and mass transfer processes in the case of electron beam melting of titanium alloy ingots. The object of research is the conditions that ensure the quality of ingots. The model makes it possible to calculate the distribution of hydrodynamic flows in the liquid metal and temperature fields in the ingot, to determine the profile of the metal crystallization front, taking into account the interphase transition zones. The model solves the problem of finding the necessary melting regimes of ingots by calculation, in contrast to high-cost natural experiments. The thermal and hydrodynamic processes during the melting of a cylindrical ingot with a diameter of 110 mm of the newest titanium alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb for medical use were calculated and its melting parameters were determined. The small diameter of the ingot significantly facilitates its further machining. The geometry of the two-phase zone of the liquidus-solidus transition, which determines the crystallization front of the metal, was calculated. The position and geometry of this front greatly affects the quality of ingot formation and the concentration of the distribution of alloying elements and the homogeneity of the metal across its volume. A sufficiently flat crystallization front has been obtained, under which the given conditions are ensured. It was found that heat transfer in the liquid phase of the metal is mainly caused by heat and mass transfer due to its movement, and heat and mass transfer significantly depends on the power of the electron beam and its distribution on the surface of the bath. According to the calculated regimes, at the Institute of Electric Welding named after E. O. Paton, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, high-quality ingots for the needs of the medical industry were smelted. The castings are used for the manufacture of light and ultra-strong endoprostheses and implants, which are chemically neutral and biologically and biomechanically compatible with the human body and do not cause rejection.
Determining working characteristics of the excess air pressure system in an emergency hatch based on jet water-gas ejectors
Authors: Hrynchak Serhii
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is jet water and gas ejectors in the fire safety system of ships. The problem solved relates to the fact that in the event of a fire in the area of the exit from the ship's emergency room, the heat energy increases dangerously and a large amount of smoke spreads throughout the ship's rooms. These factors require immediate sealing of the emergency room, which limits the immediate access of emergency teams to the room. Installation of a local excess air pressure system in the emergency hatch on the basis of jet water and gas ejectors could make it possible to shield thermal energy and localize smoke gases in the emergency room without sealing it to ensure prompt access of emergency teams to it. The following results were achieved – the adequacy of theoretical studies of the processes of localization of flue gases in the emergency room without its sealing was confirmed by the experimental method. The investigated problem was solved by optimizing processes: the rate of change in the natural indicator of the weakening of environment during the start-up of the local excess air pressure system in the emergency hatch based on jet water and gas ejectors; the effectiveness of reducing the temperature of heated gases in the superstructure during the operation of the excess air pressure system in the emergency hatch based on jet water-gas ejectors. Special feature of the results was the formation of an air curtain obtained by the selection of a part of high-temperature flue gases in the housings of jet water-gas ejectors, their heat-mass exchange processing and output back into the flow. This created conditions under which thermal energy is shielded with an efficiency of 85–88 %. The scope and conditions of practical use of the results are shipbuilding and ship fire safety design
Optimization of distributed acoustic sensors based on fiber optic technologies
Authors: Abdykadyrov Askar , Smailov Nurzhigit , Sabibolda Akezhan , Tolen Gulzhaina , Dosbayev Zhandos , Ualiyev Zhomart , Kadyrova Rashida
Published: November 2024

This research investigates distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) based on fiber optic technologies, focusing on the impact of pressure on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise levels, and dominant frequency shifts. DAS systems are widely used for infrastructure monitoring due to their ability to capture acoustic signals over long distances, making them ideal for seismic and pipeline monitoring.
The study examines how fluctuating pressure affects DAS performance, particularly signal quality and noise reduction. In applications like pipeline leak detection and seismic monitoring, pressure changes can degrade signal clarity and complicate anomaly detection. Understanding this relationship is key to optimizing DAS performance and improving system efficiency.
The experiment varied pressure from 0.1 atm to 5 atm, showing that increased pressure raised SNR from 10 dB to 48 dB, reduced noise from 10 dB to 7 dB, and shifted the dominant frequency from 0.5 Hz to 3 Hz. Fourier analysis provided insights into these frequency spectrum changes. Higher pressure compresses the medium, enhancing signal isolation and improving SNR while reducing noise. The frequency shift results from changes in acoustic wave propagation speed under higher pressure, highlighting its role in signal processing.
The key finding is that higher pressure significantly improves signal quality and reduces noise, enhancing DAS performance. The frequency shift improves environmental detection capabilities. These results are valuable for DAS applications in environments with pressure variations, like pipeline monitoring, where high signal quality is crucial. Improved signal fidelity and frequency shifts make DAS systems more reliable for long-term monitoring and contribute to accurate anomaly detection
Parametric Optimization Approach to Evaluate Dynamic Shading Within Double-Skin Insulated Glazed Units for Multi-Criteria Daylighting Performance in Tropics
Authors:   School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, Bahdad Ali Ahmed , Taib Nooriati ,   School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, Allahaim Fahad Saud ,   Department of Architecture and Building Science, College of Architecture and Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia, Ajlan Ali Mohammed ,   Department of Architecture and Building Science, College of Architecture and Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2024

This research aims to support the choice of an appropriate dynamic louver shading system (DL-SS) within double-skin facade insulated glazed units (DSF-IGUs) as a high-performance integrated window system (DSF-IGUs/DL-SS) that meets both thermal and energy performance via daylight availability under a tropical climate. The research framework has developed a multi-objective optimization method to achieve research objectives via optimizing two different scenarios of the proposed system. The first scenario was optimized for daylighting availability, meanwhile, the second scenario was optimized for energy and thermal performance. For each scenario, the best solutions are selected from respective Pareto fronts according to energy efficiency criteria, thermal comfort via enhancing daylighting availability. Based on the best options resulting from both optimizations, the final step involved comparing the results of all performance indicators in the best cases to select the best solution. Overall, based on the optimizing objectives, the ranking of the best cases varied based on giving priority to the improvement objective in the optimization process. For each scenario, the best solutions are selected from the respective Pareto fronts. Overall, ranking of the best cases varied based on giving priority to the improvement objectives. Optimizing DL-SS within DSF-IGUs while giving priority to improving energy and thermal comfort while maintaining daylighting at acceptable levels is more reasonable. Thus, the DSF-IGUs/DL-SS best-case resulting from the second optimization scenario was overcome all best cases and ranked first in energy and thermal comfort. Compared to the base case, the differences of total Predicted mean vote and percentage of dissatisfied for better thermal comfort achieved were -0.35% and -1.48% with an average decreased by 22.99% and 28.72%, respectively. The differences of total energy and cooling load for better energy performance reduced by -96.84 kwh/m2. and -86.88 kwh with an average decreased by 25.33% and 26.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total satisfied of spatial Daylight Autonomy for better daylighting distribution and better daylighting availability of useful daylighting illuminance improvement were improved by -5.54% and +24.76% with an average percentage variation increased by 6.25% and 36.87%, respectively.