bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DISPUTA PELO CONTROLE DAS TERRAS E A SITUAÇÃO DOS TERRITÓRIOS QUILOMBOLAS NO AMAPÁ
Authors: Soares Liliane Rodrigues
Published: March 2022

O texto discute a situação dos quilombolas no Amapá no acesso e permanência na terra, onde a permanência constitui-se resiliência. Neste sentido, o artigo objetiva analisar os entraves no processo de permanência/regularização dos territórios quilombolas e compreender a relação/atuação das instituições dentro deste processo de disputa territorial. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se durante o doutorado em 2018. A metodologia pautou-se na utilização de entrevistas com questões orientadoras, intencionando a coleta de depoimentos de quilombolas e não quilombolas.  A discussão proposta no artigo apoiou-se nos relatos das lideranças quilombolas das comunidades do Ambé, Curiaú, Santo Antônio da Pedreira e nas instituições INCRA, IMAP, APROSOJA e CPT que abrangem a temática territorial dos quilombos no Amapá. Defende-se a ideia de que o processo lento de demarcação das terras, além das recentes alterações nas legislações fundiárias, colabora para a ocorrência de conflitos territoriais.
ASPECTOS GEOGRÁFICOS DA ORLA FLUVIAL DA CIDADE DE OIAPOQUE, AMAPÁ - BRASIL: DIAGNÓSTICO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Landim Neto Francisco Otávio , Lira Neandro Feitosa
Published: March 2022

O uso e a ocupação das orlas fluviais das cidades brasileiras apresentam intensa dinâmica ambiental e socioeconômica. O diagnóstico efetivado foi proveniente de pesquisa desenvolvida na orla da cidade de Oiapoque. Foi realizada a caracterização da orla da cidade citada no perímetro urbanizado com a identificação dos problemas e das possíveis ações que venham mitigar ou resolver os mesmos. Analisou-se, também, o processo de ocupação humana com a exposição das modificações no recorte espacial estudado e apresentou-se as medidas para se atingir a melhoria da qualidade ambiental da orla. No que concerne aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos com os estudiosos que tratam sobre temáticas presentes neste artigo e efetivou-se trabalhos em campo com as observações e análises “in loco”, verificando os impactos ambientais decorrentes dos processos de uso e ocupação do solo na orla da cidade. Diante do exposto os resultados encontrados estão relacionados ao processo de ocupação da cidade de Oiapoque que deu-se sem planejamento adequado; a retirada indiscriminada da cobertura vegetal e a modificação do espaço natural acarretam na erosão fluvial; e verificou-se a necessidade que a fiscalização dos órgãos ambientais seja mais efetiva visando o estabelecimento de ações preventivas e corretivas, o que propiciará a construção de uma processo voltado à sensibilização, tendo em vista se atingir a mudança de comportamento da população.
A role that has transformed the care of patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Grace Anne
Published: March 2022

Anne Grace, Acute Kidney Injury Specialist Nurse, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust ( anne.grace@walsallhealthcare.nhs.uk ), runner-up in the Renal Nurse of the Year category of the BJN Awards 2021
Alzheimer's disease and ethics
Authors: Winter George
Published: March 2022

George Winter delves into the how the ethical landscape influences the scientific development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease
QUETIAPINE
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: March 2022

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #quetiapine
How safe are e-cigarettes for patients with COPD? A systematic review
Authors: Brook Joanne , Turner Mary
Published: March 2022

The use of e-cigarettes has risen rapidly in recent years. Joanne Brook and Dr Mary Turner performed a systematic review to identify if e-cigarettes are appropriate for patients with COPD

Background:

A high smoking-related burden is placed on health services in diagnosing, treating and managing associated long-term illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While there are many smoking cessation options available, the use of e-cigarettes has risen rapidly.

Aim:

To identify if the promotion of e-cigarettes is an appropriate intervention for patients with COPD.

Methods:

A systematic process was used to search databases and identify research papers detailing the effects of e-cigarettes on pulmonary health outcomes in COPD; analysis identified five main themes.

Findings:

Eight papers were reviewed. Findings support current clinical guidance endorsing the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation; however, COPD patients may be at greater risk of inflammatory responses, exacerbation, disease progression and worsening general health.

Conclusion:

The effects of e-cigarettes are not fully understood, but they are not risk-free. More evidence is needed about both the short and long-term impact of their use in this cohort.
ACT NOW! A practical toolkit for amputation reduction
Authors: Robbie Jayne , Edmonds Mike , Phillips Anne , Odiase Charles , Beckwith Anita , Diggle Jane , Holmes Patrick , Grummitt John , Walker Kate
Published: March 2022

People living with diabetes are at risk of foot ulcers, leading to amputations. Jayne Robbie, in collaboration with the iDEAL group, discusses how ACT NOW can provide a practical toolkit to reduce amputations in this group

Foot problems are often associated with multiple limb-threatening co-morbidities for people with diabetes. It has been suggested that many of these amputations could be avoided if foot ulcers are effectively detected, assessed, referred and rapidly treated in order to optimise healing. All health professionals in both primary and secondary care can have a pivotal role to play to reduce major amputations by 50%. Adopting ACT NOW and using this tool routinely, can reduce the unacceptably high volume of major amputations.
Documenting your practice arrangements
Authors: Odell Kirsty
Published: March 2022

Are you currently operating as a Partnership at Will, with no agreed documentation to govern the operation of your partnership or the ownership of your practice premises?
Caring for the geriatric donkey with dental disease
Authors: Rippingale Marie
Published: March 2022

Many donkeys are now kept as pets rather than as working animals, meaning they often live longer, with many now reachinng 20 years old and being classed as geriatric. These patients often require specialist treatment and management, as they are prone to conditions such as dental disease. Vets and registered veterinary nurses who are caring for geriatric donkeys with dental disease at their practice can help to increase comfort in several ways. The owners of geriatric donkeys with dental disease should be fully involved with any treatment plans and fully supported through any management changes.
Cross-sectoral alliance formed to promote the responsible use of veterinary medicines
Authors: Jones Gwyn , Howard Steve , Smith Sarah , Bawn Mary
Published: March 2022

Inspired by the success of the UK farm animal sector in reducing antibiotic use during the past 5 years, the recently formed RUMA Companion Animal and Equine Alliance will draw on the agriculture sector's learnings to help further protect important medicines for future human and animal use.
Near perfect two-photon interference out of a down-converter on a silicon photonic chip
Authors: Dalidet Romain , Mazeas Florent , Nitiss Edgars , Yakar Ozan , Stroganov Anton , Tanzilli Sébastien , Labonté Laurent , Brès Camille-Sophie
Published: March 2022

Integrated entangled photon-pair sources are key elements for enabling large-scale quantum photonic solutions and address the challenges of both scaling-up and stability. Here we report the first demonstration of an energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in silicon-based platform–stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4)–through an optically induced second-order (χ(2)) nonlinearity, ensuring type-0 quasi-phase-matching of fundamental harmonic and its second-harmonic inside the waveguide. The developed source shows a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 1635 for 8 µW pump power. We report two-photon interference with remarkable near-perfect visibility of 99.36±1.94%, showing high-quality photonic entanglement without excess background noise. This opens a new horizon for quantum technologies requiring the integration of a large variety of building functionalities on a single chip.
Predicting future community-level ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence using serological, clinical, molecular, and geospatial data
Authors: Tedijanto Christine , Aragie Solomon , Tadesse Zerihun , Haile Mahteme , Zeru Taye , Nash Scott D. , Wittberg Dionna M. , Gwyn Sarah , Martin Diana L. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Arnold Benjamin F.
Published: March 2022

Trachoma is an infectious disease characterized by repeated exposures to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) that may ultimately lead to blindness. Efficient identification of communities with high infection burden could help target more intensive control efforts. We hypothesized that IgG seroprevalence in combination with geospatial layers, machine learning, and model-based geostatistics would be able to accurately predict future community-level ocular Ct infections detected by PCR. We used measurements from 40 communities in the hyperendemic Amhara region of Ethiopia to assess this hypothesis. Median Ct infection prevalence among children 0–5 years old increased from 6% at enrollment, in the context of recent mass drug administration (MDA), to 29% by month 36, following three years without MDA. At baseline, correlation between seroprevalence and Ct infection was stronger among children 0–5 years old (ρ = 0.77) than children 6–9 years old (ρ = 0.48), and stronger than the correlation between active trachoma and Ct infection (0-5y ρ = 0.56; 6-9y ρ = 0.40). Seroprevalence was the strongest concurrent predictor of infection prevalence at month 36 among children 0–5 years old (cross-validated R2 = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.85), though predictive performance declined substantially with increasing temporal lag between predictor and outcome measurements. Geospatial variables, a spatial Gaussian process, and stacked ensemble machine learning did not meaningfully improve predictions. Serological markers among children 0–5 years old may be an objective tool for identifying communities with high levels of ocular Ct infections, but accurate, future prediction in the context of changing transmission remains an open challenge.
A study on the influencing factors of the public’s willingness to donate funds for critical illness crowdfunding projects on network platforms
Authors: Chen Lu , Luo Fan , He Wanshi , Zhao Heng , Pan Liru
Published: March 2022

As an emerging charity model, critical illness network crowdfunding provides a source of funds for some critically ill patients in China who have difficulty paying their high treatment costs by themselves. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of the public’s willingness to donate to critical illness crowdfunding projects on Internet platforms. From a perspective combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, a complex and comprehensive structural equation model is proposed. We randomly selected 1,000 members of the public in China and empirically verified the study framework through structural equation modeling (SEM) based on 710 valid questionnaires. The results show that the public’s donation willingness and the social distance to a critical illness crowdfunding project on an online platform positively affect the public’s donation behavior, and donation attitude positively affect donation willingness; perceived usefulness and empathic concern positively affect the public’s donation attitude, which in turn affects its donation willingness. This study confirms that members of the public are more likely to help people who have similar demographic factors or people who are similar to themselves and have the same values, i.e., people who have a close social distance. It innovatively proposes and verifies the hypothesis that empathic concern can significantly positively affect users’ perceived usefulness and donation attitude. Strong empathic concern triggers donation willingness and behavior.
Characterization of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ciprofloxacin panel for an antimicrobial resistant Isolate Bank
Authors: Liu Hsi , Tang Kevin , Pham Cau D. , Schmerer Matthew , Kersh Ellen N. , Raphael Brian H.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) infection is one of the most commonly reported nationally notifiable conditions in the United States. Gonococcus has developed antimicrobial resistance to each previously used antibiotic for gonorrhea therapy. However, some isolates may be still susceptible to no longer recommended, yet still effective antibiotics. This in turn suggests that targeted therapy could slow resistance development to currently recommended empirical treatments. We curated a gonococcal Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank panel (Cipro-panel) as a tool for validating or developing new tests to determine ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Method

The Cipro-panel was selected using whole genome sequencing, bioinformatic tools, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data. Isolates were further selected based on nucleotide variations in gyrA and parC genes.

Results

We selected 14 unique N. gonorrhoeae isolates from the 2006–2012 Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) collection. They represented a wide range of antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and commonly observed nucleotide variations of gyrA and parC genes. This Cipro-panel consists of 5 isolates with resistant phenotypes (MIC > = 1 μg/mL), 8 isolates with susceptible phenotypes (MIC < = 0.06 μg/mL), and 1 isolate falling in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute defined intermediate range. Among the gyrA variations we observed a total of 18 SNPs. Four positions had nonsynonymous changes (nucleotide positions 272, 284, 1093, and 1783). The first two positions (272 and 284) have been linked previously with resistance to ciprofloxacin (i.e. amino acid positions 91 and 95). For the parC gene, we observed a total of 21 possible SNPs. Eight of those SNPs resulted in non-synonymous amino acid changes. One location (amino acid 87) has been previously reported to be associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Conclusions

This Cipro-Panel is useful for researchers interested in developing clinical tests related to ciprofloxacin. It could also provide additional choices for validation, quality assurance purposes and improve antibiotic usage.
Critical pore size for micropore filling in coal samples with different rank coals
Authors: Hong Lin , Wang Wenjing , Gao Dameng , Liu Wentong
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this study were to explore the occurrence and migration of coalbed methane in coals of different ranks and reveal the microscopic reservoir space and the mechanism of coalbed methane. To meet these objectives, this study selected six coal samples of different coal ranks for low-pressure N2 adsorption experiments, explored the critical pore filling characteristics of packed N2 molecules in the coals, and analyzed the low-pressure N2 adsorption/desorption experimental isotherms using the DFT method and DA equation based on the micropore filling theory. Finally, the critical filling pressure and pore size range for micropore filling were determined, and the analysis results were verified by combining the Langmuir, DA, and BET equations. The results showed that, from low to high coal rank, the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of the coal samples transition from type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ. The proportion of N2 molecules in low-rank coals in the form of micropore filling and monolayer adsorption was higher than that in high-rank coals. The critical pressure and critical pore size for micropore filling exhibited U-shaped correlations with the coal rank. Low-rank coals (lignite and long flame coal) were gradually filled in the relative pressure range P/P0 ≈ 1E-4–0.03, and medium- and high-rank coals (gas coal, 1/3 coking coal, lean coal, and anthracite) were filled in the relative pressure range P/P0 ≈ 1E-4–0.01; the corresponding critical pore size ranges were 1.7–2.19 and 1.61–2.00 nm, respectively.
Molecular physiology of pumiliotoxin sequestration in a poison frog
Authors: Alvarez-Buylla Aurora , Payne Cheyenne Y. , Vidoudez Charles , Trauger Sunia A. , O’Connell Lauren A.
Published: March 2022

Poison frogs bioaccumulate alkaloids for chemical defense from their arthropod diet. Although many alkaloids are accumulated without modification, some poison frog species can metabolize pumiliotoxin (PTX 251D) into the more potent allopumiliotoxin (aPTX 267A). Despite extensive research characterizing the chemical arsenal of poison frogs, the physiological mechanisms involved in the sequestration and metabolism of individual alkaloids remain unclear. We first performed a feeding experiment with the Dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) to ask if this species can metabolize PTX 251D into aPTX 267A and what gene expression changes are associated with PTX 251D exposure in the intestines, liver, and skin. We found that D. tinctorius can metabolize PTX 251D into aPTX 267A, and that PTX 251D exposure changed the expression level of genes involved in immune system function and small molecule metabolism and transport. To better understand the functional significance of these changes in gene expression, we then conducted a series of high-throughput screens to determine the molecular targets of PTX 251D and identify potential proteins responsible for metabolism of PTX 251D into aPTX 267A. Although screens of PTX 251D binding human voltage-gated ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors were inconclusive, we identified human CYP2D6 as a rapid metabolizer of PTX 251D in a cytochrome P450 screen. Furthermore, a CYP2D6-like gene had increased expression in the intestines of animals fed PTX, suggesting this protein may be involved in PTX metabolism. These results show that individual alkaloids can modify gene expression across tissues, including genes involved in alkaloid metabolism. More broadly, this work suggests that specific alkaloid classes in wild diets may induce physiological changes for targeted accumulation and metabolism.
Explainable gait recognition with prototyping encoder–decoder
Authors: Moon Jucheol , Shin Yong-Min , Park Jin-Duk , Minaya Nelson Hebert , Shin Won-Yong , Choi Sang-Il
Published: March 2022

Human gait is a unique behavioral characteristic that can be used to recognize individuals. Collecting gait information widely by the means of wearable devices and recognizing people by the data has become a topic of research. While most prior studies collected gait information using inertial measurement units, we gather the data from 40 people using insoles, including pressure sensors, and precisely identify the gait phases from the long time series using the pressure data. In terms of recognizing people, there have been a few recent studies on neural network-based approaches for solving the open set gait recognition problem using wearable devices. Typically, these approaches determine decision boundaries in the latent space with a limited number of samples. Motivated by the fact that such methods are sensitive to the values of hyper-parameters, as our first contribution, we propose a new network model that is less sensitive to changes in the values using a new prototyping encoder–decoder network architecture. As our second contribution, to overcome the inherent limitations due to the lack of transparency and interpretability of neural networks, we propose a new module that enables us to analyze which part of the input is relevant to the overall recognition performance using explainable tools such as sensitivity analysis (SA) and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP).
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women assisted in a high-risk maternity hospital in Brazil: Clinical aspects and obstetric outcomes
Authors: Ferrugini Carolina Loyola Prest , Boldrini Neide Aparecida Tosato , Costa Franco Luis Salume , Salgueiro Michelle Anne de Oliveira Batista , Coelho Pamella Dunga de Paula , Miranda Angelica Espinosa
Published: March 2022

Background

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the possible development of serious illness, and the possibility of severe obstetric outcomes highlight the importance of addressing SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric management.

Methods and findings

A cross-sectional study of pregnant women assisted in a high-risk maternity hospital in Brazil in 2020. All patients admitted for delivery or miscarriage care were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for immunoglobulin (I)gM, and/or IgG by immunochromatography. Clinical aspects and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. A total of 265 pregnant women were included in the study. There were 38 (14.4%) PCR positive cases during pregnancy, 12 (31.6%) on admission screening, and 71(27.2%) patients were IgM- and/or IgG-positive. Among the participants, 86 (32.4%) had at least one positive test during pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients had greater contact with known positive patients (p = 0.005). The most frequently reported symptoms were runny nose, cough, loss of smell and taste, headache, and fever. There was also a 35% rate of asymptomatic infections and a 4.6% rate of severe or critical infections. Patients exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a higher incidence of preterm delivery, cesarean section, need for resuscitation in the delivery room, Apgar score <7 at 5 min, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and jaundice. Newborns with at least one positive test had a significantly greater need for phototherapy after delivery (p = 0.05). The results showed a high rate of positive tests among newborns (37.5%), which seems to be compatible with both neonatal and perinatal infection.

Conclusions

It is important to further investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including the clinical course and the possibility of adverse outcomes with impact on maternal and fetal health, regardless of the development of symptoms.
Beyond depression and anxiety; a systematic review about the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in diseases of the pelvic and abdominal organs
Authors: Pagán-Busigó Joshua E. , López-Carrasquillo Jonathan , Appleyard Caroline B. , Torres-Reverón Annelyn
Published: March 2022

Evidence for beneficial effects of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) antagonists in abdominal and pelvic organs is emerging in preclinical studies. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement a compilation of preclinical studies using CRH receptor antagonists as a treatment for abdominal and pelvic disease was carried out. The Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) essential 10 guidelines were used to determine quality of the included studies. A total of 40 studies from the last 15 years studying irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, endometriosis, enteritis, stress impact on gastrointestinal processes and exogenous CRH administration effects were included. Blockage of the CRH receptor 1 was mainly associated with beneficial effects while that of CRH receptor 2 worsened studied effects. However, time of administration, route of administration and the animal model used, all had an impact on the beneficial outcomes. Frequency of drugs administered indicated that astressin-2B, astressin and antalarmin were among the most utilized antagonists. Of concern, studies included were predominantly carried out in male models only, representing a gender discrepancy in preclinical studies compared to the clinical scenario. The ARRIVE score average was 13 with ~60% of the studies failing to randomize or blind the experimental units. Despite the failure to date of the CRH antagonists in moving across the clinical trials pipeline, there is evidence for their beneficial effects beyond mood disorders. Future pre-clinical studies should be tailored towards effectively predicting the clinical scenario, including reduction of bias and randomization.
Hospitalization costs of coronaviruses diseases in upper-middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Martins Johnny Wallef Leite , Lucchetta Rosa Camila , Ramalho Gabriel Sodré , Trevisani Giulia Fernandes Moça , da Rocha Aline Pereira , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Reis Felipe Sebastião de Assis , Ferla Laura Jantsch , Mastroianni Patrícia de Carvalho , Correa Luci , Saconato Humberto , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça
Published: March 2022

Background

COVID-19, SARS and MERS are diseases that present an important health burden worldwide. This situation demands resource allocation to the healthcare system, affecting especially middle- and low-income countries. Thus, identifying the main cost drivers is relevant to optimize patient care and resource allocation.

Objective

To systematically identify and summarize the current status of knowledge on direct medical hospitalization costs of SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 in Upper-Middle-Income Countries.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review across seven key databases (PubMed, EMBASE, BVS Portal, CINAHL, CRD library, MedRxiv and Research Square) from database inception to February 2021. Costs extracted were converted into 2021 International Dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity-adjusted. The assessment of quality was based on the protocol by the BMJ and CHEERS. PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020225757.

Results

No eligible study about SARS or MERS was recovered. For COVID-19, five studies presented cost analysis performed in Brazil, China, Iran, and Turkey. Regarding total direct medical costs, the lowest cost per patient at ward was observed in Turkey ($900.08), while the highest in Brazil ($5,093.38). At ICU, the lowest was in Turkey ($2,984.78), while the highest was in China ($52,432.87). Service care was the most expressive (58% to 88%) cost driver of COVID-19 patients at ward. At ICU, there was no consensus between service care (54% to 87%) and treatment (72% to 81%) as key burdens of total cost.

Conclusion

Our findings elucidate the importance of COVID-19 on health-economic outcomes. The marked heterogeneity among studies leaded to substantially different results and made challenging the comparison of data to estimate pooled results for single countries or regions. Further studies concerning cost estimates from standardized analysis may provide clearer data for a more substantial analysis. This may help care providers and policy makers to organize care for patients in the most efficient way.
A look back at the first wave of COVID-19 in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality and health care resource use among severe or critical patients
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Hu Peng , Xu Xiaowei , Ai Jingwen , Li Yang , Bao Yun , Tangamornsuksan Wimonchat , Chan Alain , Xie Shelley , Hu Hao , Liang Shuting , Zhang Wenhong , Xie Feng
Published: March 2022

Background

To investigate the mortality and health care resource use among patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the first wave of pandemic in China.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the mortality, discharge rate, length of hospital stay, and use of invasive ventilation in severe or critical COVID-19 cases in China. We searched electronic databases for studies from China with no restrictions on language or interventions patients received. We screened records, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies in duplicate. We performed the meta-analysis using random-effect models through a Bayesian framework. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine studies by disease severity, study location and patient enrolment start date. We also performed sensitivity analysis using various priors, and assessed between-study heterogeneity and publication bias for the primary outcomes.

Results

Out of 6,205 titles and abstracts screened, 500 were reviewed in full text. A total of 42 studies were included in the review, of which 95% were observational studies (n = 40). The pooled 28-day and 14-day mortalities among severe or critical patients were 20.48% (7,136 patients, 95% credible interval (CrI), 13.11 to 30.70) and 10.83% (95% CrI, 6.78 to 16.75), respectively. The mortality declined over time and was higher in patients with critical disease than severe cases (1,235 patients, 45.73%, 95% CrI, 22.79 to 73.52 vs. 3,969 patients, 14.90%, 95% CrI, 4.70 to 39.57) and patients in Hubei compared to those outside Hubei (6,719 patients, 26.62%, 95% CrI, 13.11 to 30.70 vs. 244 patients, 5.88%, 95% CrI 2.03 to 14.11). The length of hospital stay was estimated at 18.48 days (6,847 patients, 95% CrI, 17.59 to 21.21), the 28-day discharge rate was 50.48% (3,645 patients, 95% CrI, 26.47 to 79.53), and the use of invasive ventilation rate was 13.46% (4,108 patients, 95% CrI, 7.61 to 22.31).

Conclusions

Our systematic review and meta-analysis found high mortality among severe and critical COVID-19 cases. Severe or critical COVID-19 cases consumed a large amount of hospital resources during the outbreak.
Profound gene expression changes in the epithelial monolayer of active ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sæterstad Siri , Østvik Ann Elisabet , Røyset Elin Synnøve , Bakke Ingunn , Sandvik Arne Kristian , Granlund Atle van Beelen
Published: March 2022

In recent years it has become apparent that the epithelium is highly involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. The majority of gene expression studies of IBD are generated from heterogeneous biopsies, providing no distinction between immune cells, the epithelium and other mucosal cells. By using laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled with RNA sequencing, we aimed to characterize the expressional changes of the isolated colonic epithelial monolayer from ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). The analysis identified 3706 genes as differentially expressed between active IBD epithelium and HC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to stratify genes into modules, which were subsequently characterized using enrichment analysis. Our data show a distinct upregulation of the antigen presentation machinery during inflammation, including major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (e.g. HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DRA) and key transcription factors/activators (STAT1, IRF1, CIITA). We also see an epithelial downregulation of retinoic acid-responsive nuclear receptors (RARA, RARB, RXRA), but upregulation of retinoid-metabolizing enzymes (RDH11, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3), which together suggest a perturbation of epithelial vitamin A signaling during active IBD. Lastly, we identified a cluster of stress-related genes, including activator protein 1 components JUNB and ATF3, as significantly upregulated in active UC but not in CD, revealing an interesting aspect of IBD heterogeneity. The results represent a unique resource for enhanced understanding of epithelial involvement in IBD inflammation and is a valuable tool for further studies on these processes.
An integrative model of new product evaluation: A systematic investigation of perceived novelty and product evaluation in the movie industry
Authors: Luan Yingyue , Kim Yeun Joon
Published: March 2022

The literature on perceived novelty and product evaluation has diverged into two disparate streams of research. The first stream builds on theories of curiosity and argues that the perceived novelty of a new product benefits product evaluation because it induces curiosity and provides evaluators (e.g., customers) with positive experiences in learning new features of the product and in resolving their curiosity. In contrast, the second stream adopts theories of expectation violations and argues that perceived novelty decreases product evaluation because it violates evaluators’ expectations of a new product and requires burdensome efforts to make sense of the product. The main goal of our research is to resolve this theoretical inconsistency by offering an integrative model of new product evaluation that proposes an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between perceived novelty and product evaluation. Based on this model, we further examine whether a producer’s reputation plays an ironic moderating role in this curvilinear relationship. Utilizing content analysis and big data approaches with a large sample of 49,835 reviews of 147 movies in the movie industry, we found that an evaluator’s perception of the novelty of a new movie benefited product evaluation but only when that perceived novelty was moderate; at higher levels of perceived novelty, the product evaluation decreased. In addition, we compared the curves of high vs. low reputation producers and found that perceived novelty penalized product evaluation of new movies created by high reputation producers.
Graves’ disease diagnosed in remnant thyroid after lobectomy for thyroid cancer
Authors: Jin Meihua , Jang Ahreum , Kim Won Gu , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Jeon Min Ji
Published: March 2022

Background

The coexistence of Graves’ disease with thyroid cancer is well-known and total thyroidectomy is recommended in such cases. However, Graves’ disease might be dormant at the time of surgery and diagnosed after lobectomy for thyroid cancer.

Methods

We assessed the incidence and clinicopathological characteristic of newly developed Graves’ disease after lobectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019.

Results

In all, 11043 patients underwent lobectomy for thyroid cancer during the study period, and 26 (0.2%) were diagnosed with Graves’ disease during follow-up. The median age was 43.8 years, 88.5% were female, and all were euthyroid before surgery. The median time from lobectomy to the diagnosis of Graves’ disease was 3.3 years. Half of the patients were diagnosed based on thyroid function tests during routine follow-up, and others were diagnosed due to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Among patients who had checked preoperative thyroid autoantibodies, 61.1% showed positivity. Twenty-one (80.8%), and 2 (7.7%) patients received antithyroid drugs and radioactive iodine therapy, respectively, and 3 (11.5%) underwent completion thyroidectomy.

Conclusion

Although rare, Graves’ disease can occur in the remnant thyroid after lobectomy. Such patients are more likely to have autoantibodies. An appropriate workup is required when hyperthyroidism is found during the follow-up of patients after lobectomy.
Acid stress signals are integrated into the σB-dependent general stress response pathway via the stressosome in the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Guerreiro Duarte N. , Pucciarelli M. Graciela , Tiensuu Teresa , Gudynaite Diana , Boyd Aoife , Johansson Jörgen , García-del Portillo Francisco , O’Byrne Conor P.
Published: March 2022

The general stress response (GSR) in Listeria monocytogenes plays a critical role in the survival of this pathogen in the host gastrointestinal tract. The GSR is regulated by the alternative sigma factor B (σB), whose role in protection against acid stress is well established. Here, we investigated the involvement of the stressosome, a sensory hub, in transducing low pH signals to induce the GSR. Mild acid shock (15 min at pH 5.0) activated σB and conferred protection against a subsequent lethal pH challenge. A mutant strain where the stressosome subunit RsbR1 was solely present retained the ability to induce σB activity at pH 5.0. The role of stressosome phosphorylation in signal transduction was investigated by mutating the putative phosphorylation sites in the core stressosome proteins RsbR1 (rsbR1-T175A, -T209A, -T241A) and RsbS (rsbS-S56A), or the stressosome kinase RsbT (rsbT-N49A). The rsbS S56A and rsbT N49A mutations abolished the response to low pH. The rsbR1-T209A and rsbR1-T241A mutants displayed constitutive σB activity. Mild acid shock upregulates invasion genes inlAB and stimulates epithelial cell invasion, effects that were abolished in mutants with an inactive or overactive stressosome. Overall, the results show that the stressosome is required for acid-induced activation of σB in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, they show that RsbR1 can function independently of its paralogues and signal transduction requires RsbT-mediated phosphorylation of RsbS on S56 and RsbR1 on T209 but not T175. These insights shed light on the mechanisms of signal transduction that activate the GSR in L. monocytogenes in response to acidic environments, and highlight the role this sensory process in the early stages of the infectious cycle.
Puesta en escena de la “modernidad” en El Perú en el Primer Centenario de su Independencia (1922)
Authors: Amilien Estelle Flore
Published: March 2022

En el contexto de las celebraciones del primer siglo de vida independiente del país, momento clave para y en la construcción de los imaginarios nacionales, se realizaron obras para vehicularlas. El artículo se centra en el El Perú en el Primer Centenario de su Independencia, publicado en 1922. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en las representaciones de la “modernidad” que propone para cuestionar la imagen que pretendió fraguarse del Perú en un momento importante de su historia nacional: modernidad en las infraestructuras, estabilidad tanto política como económica orientada hacia el futuro y “progreso social” son los principales ejes que estudiamos. También planteamos el tema de los diferentes destinatarios del libro, nacionales e internacionales, para ver cómo contribuye a inscribir al Perú entre las naciones modernas a inicios del siglo veinte.
Reseña de: Debates y controversias en la cooperación al desarrollo. Fondos privados de ayuda, acuerdos neocoloniales y ayuda a refugiados
Authors: Azagra Ros Joaquin
Published: March 2022

Reseña de la publicación de Gómez Gil, C. (2020). Debates y controversias en la cooperación al desarrollo. Fondos privados de ayuda, acuerdos neocoloniales y ayuda a refugiados. Alicante: Publicacions Universitat d´Alacant. Economía. Alicante. 152 pp. ISBN. 978-84-9717-733-7.
Flavonoids from Alpinia officinarum as Potential
Anti-Tubercular Agents Using Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Honmore Varsha S. , Natu Arun D. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Sarkar Dhiman , Rojatkar Supada R.
Published: March 2022

Bioguided isolation yielded three flavonoids galangin (1), kaempferide (2) and kaempferol (3) from
methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum Hance. Galangin exhibited highest antitubercular activity,
with MIC of < 4.0 μg/mL against M. bovis BCG (in vitro) and M. tuberculosis (ex vivo), than
kaempferide. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assay revealed the inhibition of both
active and dormant stage for M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. bovis BCG on exposure to galangin.
Molecular docking studies into the active site of DprE1 enzyme helped to understand the ligand-protein
interactions and establish a structural basis for inhibition of M. tuberculosis. These flavonoids indicated
their non-specificity towards M. tuberculosis by testing against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria and also least cytotoxic up to 100 μg/mL on three human cancer cell lines THP-1, PANC-1
and A549, respectively. So these flavonoids are inhibitors against M. tuberculosis that can be explored
further as potential antitubercular drugs.
Ökológia – Mezőgazdaság - Agrárszakképzés
Authors: Horváth Anna , Trautmann László , Vida Cecília
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a hazai középfokú agrárszakképzés alapvető tendenciáit, és bemutassa, hogy az agrárszakképzésben a vállalkozóvá válást milyen módon támogatja a középszintű szakképzés. A tanulmány kiinduló hipotézise, hogy az agrárium fejlődésében az automatizáció és a digitalizáció mellett ugyanolyan fontosságú az ökológiai gondolkodás, ami csak akkor lehet sikeres, ha össze tud kapcsolódni egy új típusú gazdálkodási kultúrával, a piaci és a vállalkozási képességek, beleértve a marketing és a szervezetfejlesztés ismeretkörét is erőteljesebben jelennek meg a mezőgazdasági tevékenységben. The aim of the paper is to show the main tendencies in the vocational and educational training in the agriculture at the grammar schools and beside it to analyze the education of the entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. The main tenet of the paper is the development path of the agriculture is not just the automation and digitalization but the ecological viewpoint. This last point needs a more comprehensive perspective from the farmers especially referring to the entrepreneurial skills including the marketing and organization behavior.
A munkaerőpiaci részvételre történő ösztönzés néhány adattábla tükrében
Authors: Mihele Mihály András
Published: March 2022

A következő elemzés az OECD (2021) szociális és jóléti, nemzetközileg összehasonlítható statisztikáit alapul véve készült[1]. A felmérés nagyon széles skálán méri a társadalmi és gazdasági mutatókat, többek között vannak adatok az öregségi és az állami szociális kiadásokról programszintre bontva, de találhatók mutatók a munkaerőpiaci programokkal, a szegénységgel és a jövedelmi egyenlőtlenségekkel kapcsolatban is. A továbbiakban 3 mutatót emelek ki, melyek a munkanélküliséghez kötődő adatsorokat szemléltetnek.
Perfil dos consumidores de leite cru na cidade de Serrinha, Bahia
Authors: Jesus Maria Antônia Carvalho Lima de , Guimarães Jadison Evilásio Fernandes , Carneiro Eduarda Aléssia Ribeiro
Published: March 2022

O consumo do leite cru, sem tratamento térmico prévio, é uma realidade constante em muitas regiões do Brasil, onde muitos consumidores consomem este produto in natura por acreditar que produtos frescos são mais saudáveis. A cidade de Serrinha, BA, não está longe desta realidade, pois o consumo informal do leite ainda ocorre e não há fiscalização neste comércio, tornando esta prática um risco à saúde da população. Diante desta realidade, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o perfil dos consumidores deste produto na cidade de Serrinha, BA. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa entre os meses de novembro de 2019 até fevereiro de 2020, com consumidores de leite, nos bairros Estação, Cidade Nova, Vista Alegre e Urbis, totalizando 313 entrevistados. De acordo com os resultados, o leite cru é consumido por 53% da população e a principal justificativa para seu consumo é possuir melhor sabor. O principal derivado de leite consumido pelos entrevistados foi o doce de leite. Um alto percentual de consumidores de leite cru (94%) tinha o hábito de ferver o leite. O número de entrevistados que desconhecem alguma doença que o leite cru pode causar é alto, sendo necessário orientação das pessoas para a reduzida qualidade do leite cru e combate à comercialização do mesmo.
Early Adopters Driving Digital Literacy
Authors: Kimberley Jade , Suvandzhieva Katie
Published: March 2022

The University of Nottingham International College moved the delivery of its pathway programmes online from March to August 2020, and since September 2020 has offered flexible learning modes for students wishing to study either on campus or online from their home country. The creation of engaging activities for online learners, which encourage them to actively collaborate and participate has been led by a group of digitally confident and curious tutors, coined by Rogers (2003) as ‘early adopters’. Their eagerness to explore and develop new activities, and in turn share these and support their peers in using them, has led to a significant general increase in digital literacy among the team. In July 2020, these tutors volunteered to co-host a ‘TEL Talks’ CPD event where various technologies were demonstrated and discussed by past and present teaching staff. Holding an online event enabled recordings and resources to be presented on an online repository, which is available as a reference point for tutors wishing to review or explore new learning technologies.

Successes in the increased use of learning technologies in online classes have been due to creating an environment where all tutors can ask each other for help and offer advice, and providing CPD opportunities to develop their skills as digital practitioners, and to encourage and recognise tutors who are in a position to showcase their skills and inspire others.

After the shift to online teaching and learning in 2020, it is clear that in some form, it is here to stay. This ‘on-the-horizon’ piece will reflect on how our early adopters have been resourced and encouraged, the impact they have had and how to continue staff development moving forward.
Creating playful spaces for collaborative development of online teaching capacity
Authors: Holford Naomi , Breeze Kate
Published: March 2022

Transition to online learning presents technological and emotional challenges. Lack of attention to staff-student relationships, coupled with limitations in technology can be demotivating. Losing face-to-face contact has left academic staff with the hard work of reinventing themselves, finding new ways to assert their presence and humanity in what can be experienced as soulless and sometimes soul-destroying online environments.  Professional development in online teaching can be reduced to top-down skills training in using specific tools.  In this paper we argue for a more playful, collaborative approach to professional development, creating spaces for exploration, risk-taking, enjoyment and participation.

Ongoing changes in technologies and a shift to almost entirely online learning in the Open University has required us to work differently with students. Most OU tuition is done by associate lecturers, on fractional contracts when this project was carried out, who work closely with students but rarely create curriculum, assessment or strategy. This reflects a wider trend within the HE sector towards casualised, precarious labour, with those closest to students often lacking power.

This paper reflects on a scholarship project focused on the lived experience of four associate lecturers, negotiating the transition from blended to entirely online tuition, working with two full-time academic staff. Participants differed in experience and enthusiasm for online learning; some keen 'early adopters', others closer to the 'reluctant majority'. Using action learning sets, online spaces and pedagogical practices were explored through shared self-reflections. Building strong relationships between colleagues created space where they could safely experiment. We argue that such 'playful learning' (Nørgård et al., 2017) is key for professional development. It can address reluctance to embrace new technologies and empower participants to reclaim their professional identity and expertise. Participants shifted from considering online learning as an obstacle, to seeing new opportunities to create democratic, inclusive, and collaborative learning spaces.
Nuevas fuentes, nuevos archivos históricos. La Biblioteca Científica de Editorial Claridad: una colección de manuales de divulgación sexual, Argentina, 1924/1941
Authors: Múgica Maria Luisa
Published: March 2022

Desde mitad del siglo XX se produjo una reformulación de la noción de documento y archivo. Acá analizamos desde una perspectiva histórica cómo se configuró la Biblioteca Científica (1924-1941) de la Editorial Claridad de Buenos Aires reconstruyendo sus repertorios bibliográficos, autores, textos, características, su materialidad y cuáles eran los principales problemas que aparecían especialmente relacionados con la sexualidad. La colección de libros estaba integrada por numerosos autores y títulos, no necesariamente homogéneos ideológicamente. Estos textos/archivo instalaban miradas de género, de clase, etarias, científicas y dicotómicas que reconocían exclusivamente la heterosexualidad normativa. Estos textos baratos eran fundamentalmente manuales de divulgación sexual escritos con lenguaje sencillo y muchas veces reimpresos, establecían las conductas sexuales consideradas «normales» y las patológicas.