bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in nonlinearities determine retinal cell types
Authors: Trapani Francesco , Spampinato Giulia Lia Beatrice , Yger Pierre , Marre Olivier
Published: August 2023

In the retina, ganglion cells can be classified based on their response to visual stimuli. Although some methods are based on the modeling of receptive fields, others rely on responses to characteristic stimuli. We compared these two classes of methods and show that the latter provides a higher discrimination performance. We also show that this gain arises from the ability to account for the nonlinear behavior of neurons.
The Influence of Equity Market Sentiment on Credit Default Swap Markets: Evidence from Wavelet Quantile Regression
Authors: Mao Weifang , Zhu Huiming , Wu Hao , Zhang Zhongqingyang , Chen Jin
Published: August 2023

Previous studies focused on the fundamental channels of the interaction between the equity market and credit default swap (CDS) market. This paper finds another channel, investor sentiment, that contributes to the impact of the equity market on the CDS market under different time horizons and market conditions within the framework of wavelet quantile regression. It absorbs both the merits of wavelet transform and quantile regression and is advantageous in analyzing heterogeneous time horizons and full conditional distributions. Empirical results show that investor attitude turning optimistic has a negative influence on the deviation of CDS market spread from theoretical value, while the intensification of fear among equity market will enlarge this deviation. Besides, we discovered that the influence of equity market sentiment on the CDS market first increases and then decreases as the time horizon lengthens and that the greater the deviation of CDS spreads from intrinsic value is, the more irrational the CDS market participants are. These findings suggest that the influence of investor sentiment on the credit default swap market is self-reinforced. Our results are robust after controlling for macroeconomic conditions and under different wavelet decompositions. Reasonable suggestions are given to financial institutions, investors, and policy makers based on our findings.
Exploring Natural Alternatives to Nitrites in Pork Meat Patty: A Study on the Effects of Gromwell Root Extract and Lettuce Powder as Substitutes
Authors: Lim Youngho , Choi Sumin , Park Gyutae , Park Yunhwan , Kim Youngjin , Choi Hyunsoo , Choi Jungseok
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of substituting nitrite in pork meat patties with gromwell root extract and lettuce powder. We made pork patties with gromwell root extract and lettuce powder (control, no addition; positive control, addition of

50
 
ppm
 
sodium
 
nitrite
+
0.1
%
 
ascorbic
 
acid

; T1, 0.3% gromwell root extract; T2, 0.1% lettuce powder; T3,

0.3
%
 
gromwell
 
root
 
extract
+
0.1
%
 
lettuce
 
powder

) and investigated whether gromwell root extract and lettuce powder could serve as nitrite substitutes. Addition of gromwell root extract and lettuce powder improved WHC and CL and storage stability. Furthermore, addition of gromwell root extract reduced lightness and yellowness and increased redness. However, it had a negative effect on the sensory evaluation of flavor, bitterness, and off odor. In conclusion, gromwell root extract and lettuce powder showed positive potential as substitutes for nitrite in pork meat patties.
Self-Controlled Perspective: Nurses’ Perceived Social Undermining and Knowledge-Sharing Behavior in Public Hospitals
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Khan Mubbsher Munawar , Xiong Lin
Published: August 2023

Nurses work in a high-risk and uncertain environment, which may lead to harmful social interactions resulting in self-regulation impairment. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perceived social undermining and how and when this perception affects nurses’ knowledge-sharing behavior. We developed a conceptual framework of self-regulation impairment in which nurses’ perceived social undermining (from supervisors and coworkers) depletes self-control resources, dampening their knowledge-sharing behavior. We hypothesized social adaptability and resource management ability as self-regulating capacities that mitigate the impairment process. Results from a multisource and multiwave in the public hospitals provided support to our hypotheses. This study yielded significant findings with theoretical and practical implications that provide leads for future investigations in the field of healthcare research.
A Series of 35 Cutaneous Infections Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in Han Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Bao Fangfang , Pan Qing , Liu Tingting , Xue Xiaotong , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: August 2023

Cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection is an increasingly infectious disease presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in time to treatment among patients with different types of skin lesions and who were treated with single or multidrug therapies. In addition, the clinical characteristics of M. marinum infection were explored and the mechanism of the host immune responses was investigated. The electronic medical records of 35 patients with M. marinum infection were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, histopathological and laboratory data, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to clarify the immune mechanisms induced by M. marinum infection in 9 patients and 5 healthy controls. Of the 35 patients, 25 (71.4%) had lesions with sporotrichoid patterns. The duration of patients with sporotrichoid lesions or treatment with multiple drugs was longer, although differences were not significant, possibly due to the small cohort. However, this trend was also observed in previous studies, making it worthy of further attention. Expression levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-9, and FOXP3) were significantly upregulated in the patient specimens, whereas there were no significant differences in IL-17 and IL-22 expression levels between the patient and control groups.
Functional Foods: Exploring the Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Sources
Authors: Dixit Versha , Joseph Kamal S. William , Bajrang Chole Pranjali , Dayal Deen , Chaubey Kundan Kumar , Pal Anish Kumar , Xavier Jobi , Manjunath B. T. , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

“Let food be the medicine” (Hippocrates) is a historic quote that became the basis of food science and nutraceuticals. Due to their possible therapeutic advantages, extracts from food have attracted much interest in the medical community. These extracts are abundant in bioactive compounds, which are natural molecules that may be found in various foods and have been demonstrated to affect health positively. Food components have lots of bioactive components, including primary and secondary metabolites and nutritional components, for example, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids. This study’s primary focus is on the make-up and purpose of these bioactive components found in food extracts. This review aims to give readers a thorough grasp of the bioactive substances found in food extracts and their possible physiological uses. These bioactive substances’ functional traits, such as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuroprotective actions, are also studied. Further research is required to create new functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements with specific health advantages that can benefit from understanding these molecules’ structure and function.
Exploring Frame Difference to Enhance Robustness for Video Steganography on Social Networks
Authors: Fan Pingan , Zhang Hong , Zhao Xianfeng
Published: August 2023

The proliferation of video sharing on social networks has created a novel avenue for covert communication. Since most social networking channels are lossy, researchers have devoted efforts to robust video steganography to establish covert communication on social networks. Although there are various methods available, they often overlook the differences between frames in a video and are designed for a single frame. In this paper, we explore the general process of video recompression and present the frame quantization step (FQS) and interframe mutual information (IFMI) to measure the frame difference in the process of video recompression. Based on the two proposed metrics, we design a heuristic frame selection strategy and then propose a new robust video steganographic method in the DWT-SVD domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate that heuristic frame selection can effectively improve the robustness and reduce the computational complexity of video steganography. Our proposed method provides better robustness and higher efficiency than existing methods for building reliable covert communication on social networks, such as YouTube and Vimeo.
Parameter Identification of Frame Structures by considering Shear Deformation
Authors: Xiao Feng , Zhu Weiwei , Meng Xiangwei , Chen Gang S.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a method to identify the damages in frame structures with slender beams. This method adjusts the parameters of the structure to match the analytical and the measured displacements. The effect of transverse shear deformation on the nodal analytical displacement is analyzed, and the parameter identification of frame structures with slender beams is performed. The results demonstrate that parameter-identification accuracy can be considerably improved by considering the transverse shear deformation in the frame structure with slender beams. The proposed method can accurately identify the damages in frame structures with slender beams using displacement measurements.
Machine Learning‐Based Lung Cancer Detection Using Multiview Image Registration and Fusion
Authors: Nazir Imran , Haq Ihsan ul , AlQahtani Salman A. , Jadoon Muhammad Mohsin , Dahshan Mostafa
Published: August 2023

The exact lung cancer identification is a critical problem that has attracted the researchers’ attention. The practice of multiview single image and segmentation has been widely used for the last 2 years to improve the identification of lung cancer disease. The utilization of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques can significantly expedite the process of cancer detection and stage classification, enabling researchers to study a larger number of patients in a shorter time frame and at a reduced cost applying the image segmentation approach herein, the multiresolution rigid registration mechanism is applied to enhance the segmentation further. Techniques like principle component averaging and discrete wavelet transform are verified for the image fusion development. To review the performance of the suggested technique, the image database resource initiative‐based lungs image database consortium is tested in this paper which includes 4,682 computed tomography scan images of 61 patients with nodules sizes from 3 to 30 mm. According to the study finding, the outperformed results of our model are obtained in terms of feature mutual information, and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, which were recorded at 0.80 and 19.25, respectively. Moreover, the detection and stages of cancer (STG‐1, STG‐2, STG‐3, and STG‐4) of lung nodules are also assessed by using the ResNet‐18 convolutional neural network classifier. With only 1.8 FP/scan, the achieved accuracy and sensitivity for detection are 98.2% and 96.4%, respectively. The study’s findings show that our proposed strategy outperforms existing models significantly. Therefore, the proposed models have the potential to be implemented in clinical settings to provide support to doctors in the early diagnosis of cancer, while minimizing the occurrence of false positives in scans.
Type B Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Nzenwa Ikemsinachi C. , Berquist Margaret , Brenner Toby J. , Ansari Aida , Al-Fadhl Hamid D. , Aboukhaled Michael , Patel Shivani S. , Peck Ethan E. , Al-Fadhl Mahmoud D. , Thomas Anthony V. , Zackariya Nuha , Walsh Mark M. , Bufill Jose A.
Published: August 2023

Type B lactic acidosis is an uncommon medical emergency in which acid production overwhelms hepatic clearance. This specific etiology of lactic acidosis occurs without organ hypoperfusion and has been most commonly described in patients with hematologic malignancies but also in patients with solid tumors. The mechanism by which cancer cells switch their glucose metabolism toward increasingly anaerobic glycolytic phenotypes has been described as the “Warburg effect.” Without treating the underlying malignancy, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with malignancy-related type B lactic acidosis is extremely poor. Here, we present a case of a 66-year-old male who was diagnosed with type B lactic acidosis secondary to mantle cell lymphoma. Bicarbonate drip was started to correct the lactic acidosis. The patient was also immediately treated with rituximab chemotherapy combined with rasburicase to avoid the hyperuricemia associated with tumor lysis syndrome. He responded to the early treatment and was discharged with normal renal function. Type B lactic acidosis secondary to hematologic malignancy is important to recognize. In order to successfully treat this syndrome, early diagnosis and simultaneous treatment of the imbalance of lactic acid levels and the underlying malignancy are necessary.
Robust Anomaly Recognition in Hydraulic Structural Safety Monitoring: A Methodology Based on Deconfounding Boosted Regression Trees
Authors: Li Hairui , Liu Xuemei , Chen Xiaolu , Huai Xianfeng
Published: August 2023

Analyzing monitoring data to recognize structural anomalies is a typical intelligent application of structural safety monitoring, which is of great significance to hydraulic engineering operational management. Many regression modeling methods have been developed to describe the complex statistical relationships between engineering safety monitoring points, which in turn can be used to recognize abnormal data. However, existing studies are devoted to introducing the correlation between adjacent response points to improve prediction accuracy, ignoring the detrimental effects on anomaly recognition, especially the pseudo‐regression problem. In this paper, an anomaly recognition method is proposed from the perspective of causal inference to realize the best exploitation of various types of monitoring information in model construction, including four steps of constructing causal graph, regression modeling, model interpretation, and anomaly recognition. In regression modeling stage, two deconfounding machine learning models, two‐stage boosted regression trees and copula debiased boosted regression trees, are proposed for recovering the causal effects of correlated response points. The validation was carried out with Shanmen River culvert monitoring data, and experiment results showed that the proposed method in this paper has better anomaly recognition compared to existing regression modeling methods, as shown by lower false alarm rates and lower averaged missing alarm rates under different structural anomaly scenarios.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Environmental Applications of Cu-Ni-Doped Bismuth Molybdate
Authors: Sehar Kashaf , Saeed Muhammad , Murtaza Maida , Zahra Manzar , Waseem Amir
Published: August 2023

Bismuthoxide-based catalysts gained attention for photocatalytic remediation of environmental pollutants owing to their low cost, feasibility, stability, small, and tunable band gap. In the present work, bismuth molybdate was modified via transition metal doping to achieve maximum catalytic efficiency. This aim was accomplished by synthesizing novel Cu2+ and Ni2+ codoped bismuth molybdate (CuNi/Bi2MoO6, Cu/Bi2MoO6, and Ni/Bi2MoO6) which were utilized for heavy metal reduction and dyes degradation. Pure bismuth molybdate was also fabricated for comparative studies. All the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX. Optical studies for band gap calculations were carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and decrease in band gap was observed in doped materials. Pseudo-first-order kinetic studies were performed to find the rate constants and regression values for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green using CuNi/Bi2MoO6. Codoped bismuth molybdate exhibited more than 95% photocatalytic performance for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green dyes. Reusability of catalyst was confirmed up to six cycles. Considering its catalytic proficiency, CuNi/Bi2MoO6 is anticipated to be utilized for more environment friendly applications in future.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Extracts of Leaves of Raphanus sativus L, Beta vulgaris L, and Ocimum basilicum and Its Application in Seed Disinfection
Authors: Garcidueñas-Piña Cristina , Tirado-Fuentes Carolina , Ruiz-Pérez Julio , Valerio-García Roberto Carlos , Morales-Domínguez José Francisco
Published: August 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced by green synthesis using Raphanus sativus (RsAgNPs), Beta vulgaris (BvAgNPs), and Ocimum basilicum (ObAgNPs) leaf extracts as reducing agents. Plant phytochemical composition analysis indicated that they contain phenolic compounds that can participate in the synthesis reaction as flavonoids. Synthesized AgNPs presented maximal absorption peak at 430 nm (RsAgNP), 440 nm (BvAgNP), and 420 nm (ObAgNP) in ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that RsAgNPs are 76 nm diameter spheres made of up to 54.1% silver, the BvAgNPs are 78 nm diameter spheres with 39.76% silver, and the ObAgNPs are cubes of 99 nm edges with 69.74% silver. The found Z potential values indicate that all the obtained AgNPs are stable in phosphate buffer. A disinfection of 100% and 90% was achieved for the in vitro culture of Arabidopsis thaliana and Psidium guajava (guava) seeds, respectively, with all AgNPs synthesized. Treatment with these AgNPs showed no negative effects on germination, and on the contrary, in guava, a higher germination percentage was observed when the seeds were exposed to RsAgNPs. Only at high concentration (10 mg/mL) of AgNPs, the growth of A. thaliana was decreased, while at low concentration (0.01 mg/mL) of ObAgNP and BvAgNPs, higher growth was showed, specifically 60 and 40% more than the control, respectively. All AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca which are bacteria of clinical interest, and against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a bacterium used in the genetic transformation of plants.
Insight into the Influence of the Integrated Chitosan on the Adsorption Properties of Chitosan/Al-MCM-41 Composite for As (V) Metal Ions: Characterization and Advanced Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Abukhadra Mostafa R. , Dardir Fatma M. , Ahmed Ezzat A. , Soliman Mamdouh F. , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A. , Al Zoubi Wail , Shaban Mohamed S.
Published: August 2023

Ecofriendly chitosan/Al-MCM-48 (CH/Al-MCM) was synthesized from natural microcline and assessed as a potential adsorbent of As (V) ions with enhanced capacity. The As (V) adsorption properties of CH/Al-MCM were assessed in comparison with Al-MCM-41 as a single phase. The studied CH/Al-MCM exhibits 178.6 mg/g as As (V) adsorption capacity which is higher than Al-MCM-41 (124 mg/g). The adsorption properties were illustrated based on the pseudo-first-order kinetic, Langmuir isotherm, and monolayer model with one energy site. Based on the recognized steric parameters, CH/Al-MCM displays significant enhancement in the active sites density (Nm = 88.8 mg/g (20°C)) as compared to Al-MCM (Nm = 61.5 mg/g). This signifies the role of the chitosan integration process in enhancing the adsorption capacity by increasing the availability of the present active sites. The number of adsorbed arsenic ions (2.01 to 2.66) suggests the uptake of 2 or 3 ions per free site by a multi-ionic and physical mechanism considering the adsorption energy (−16.3 to −16.9 kJ/mol). The thermodynamic functions of entropy, internal energy, and free enthalpy reflect the spontaneous and exothermic properties of the studied As (V) adsorption system by CH/Al-MCM. Moreover, the composite displays significant As (V) adsorption capacity in the existence of other dissolved ions.
Supplementary Table 1 from Changes in Geographic Variation and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Esophageal Cancer Mortality in China, 1973–2017
Authors: Ran Xianhui , Zheng Rongshou , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei , Sun Kexin , Han Bingfeng , Wang Shaoming , Chen Ru , Li Li , Wei Wenqiang , He Jie
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table 1 shows three major measures of data quality of cancer registries included in this study.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Prediagnostic Prescription Antibiotics Use and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Swedish National Register-based Study
Authors: Lu Sai San Moon , Rutegård Martin , Ahmed Maghfoor , Häggström Christel , Gylfe Åsa , Harlid Sophia , Van Guelpen Bethany
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figure S4: Antibiotics use in relation to survival outcomes in stage I-III colorectal cancer (crude and completecasemultivariable analyses).(A) Antibiotics use in relation to overall survival. (B) Antibiotics use in relation to cancer-specific survival.Prediagnostic antibiotics use was categorized as no use, any use, low use (1-10 days), moderate use (11-60days), high use (61-180 days) and very high use (>180 days), based on defined daily doses. Antibiotics useduring one year before colorectal cancer diagnosis was excluded to account for potential use due toundiagnosed but clinically manifest colorectal cancer. CI = confidence interval; HR = Hazard Ratio. Model 0 iscrude or univariable Cox analysis. Model 1 is a Cox proportional hazard model including main demographic andsocioeconomic factors (age and calendar year of diagnosis and prediagnostic Charlson comorbidity index ascontinuous variables, and sex, place of birth, county of residence, marital status, level of education, incomestatus and family history of colorectal cancer as categorical variables). Model 2 includes tumour sites andtumour stage in addition to the covariates in model 1. Model 3 includes therapy-related variables such asoperation type, preoperative chemotherapy (yes/no) and preoperative radiotherapy (yes/no) in addition tocovariates in model 2. Variable definitions and categorization for the covariates in models 1-3 are as presentedin Table 1. For each multivariable model, variables violating the proportional hazard assumption werecontrolled for by stratification in the respective models. They were age at diagnosis (</≥ 50 years), sex(men/women), prediagnostic Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (no/any comorbidity), income status (quartilecategories) and family history of colorectal cancer (0/1/≥2 first degree relatives) for model 1; age at diagnosis,prediagnostic CCI, family history of colorectal cancer, tumour sites (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum,unspecified) and tumour stage (stage I-III) for model 2, age at diagnosis, prediagnostic CCI, type of surgery2(elective/emergency), tumour sites and tumour stage for model 3. For age at diagnosis and prediagnostic CCI (continuous variables), binary variable types (age at diagnosis: </≥ 50 years, prediagnostic CCI: no/any CCI) were used and continuous variable types were also adjusted to account for residual confounding in each stratum.
Data from A Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Africa
Authors: Van Loon Katherine , Mmbaga Elia J. , Mushi Beatrice P. , Selekwa Msiba , Mwanga Ally , Akoko Larry Onyango. , Mwaiselage Julius , Mosha Innocent , Ng Dianna L. , Wu Wei , Silverstein Jordyn , Mulima Gift , Kaimila Bongani , Gopal Satish , Snell Jeff M. , Benz Stephen C. , Vaske Charles , Sanborn Zack , Sedgewick Andrew J. , Radenbaugh Amie , Newton Yulia , Collisson Eric A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) comprises 90% of all esophageal cancer cases globally and is the most common histology in low-resource settings. Eastern Africa has a disproportionately high incidence of ESCC.

Methods: We describe the genomic profiles of 61 ESCC cases from Tanzania and compare them to profiles from an existing cohort of ESCC cases from Malawi. We also provide a comparison to ESCC tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Results: We observed substantial transcriptional overlap with other squamous histologies via comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCan dataset. DNA analysis revealed known mutational patterns, both genome-wide as well as in genes known to be commonly mutated in ESCC. TP53 mutations were the most common somatic mutation in tumors from both Tanzania and Malawi but were detected at lower frequencies than previously reported in ESCC cases from other settings. In a combined analysis, two unique transcriptional clusters were identified: a proliferative/epithelial cluster and an invasive/migrative/mesenchymal cluster. Mutational signature analysis of the Tanzanian cohort revealed common signatures associated with aging and cytidine deaminase activity (APOBEC) and an absence of signature 29, which was previously reported in the Malawi cohort.

Conclusion: This study defines the molecular characteristics of ESCC in Tanzania, and enriches the Eastern African dataset, with findings of overall similarities but also some heterogeneity across two unique sites.

Impact:
Despite a high burden of ESCC in Eastern Africa, genomic investigations in this region are nascent. This represents the largest comprehensive genomic analysis ESCC from sub-Saharan Africa to date.
Data from Prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use and survival in colorectal cancer patients: A Swedish national register-based study
Authors: Lu Sai San Moon , Rutegård Martin , Ahmed Maghfoor , Häggström Christel , Gylfe Åsa , Harlid Sophia , Van Guelpen Bethany
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics use is associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, but little is known regarding any potential effects on survival.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study, using complete-population data from Swedish national registers between 2005 and 2020, to investigate prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use in relation to survival in colorectal cancer patients.

Results: We identified 36 061 stage I-III and 11 242 stage IV colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2019. For stage I-III, any antibiotics use (binary yes/no variable) was not associated with overall or cancer-specific survival. Compared to no use, moderate antibiotics use (total 11-60 days) was associated with slightly better cancer-specific survival (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-0.99), whereas very high use (>180 days) was associated with worse survival (overall survival aHR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.26-1.60, cancer-specific survival aHR =1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.55). In analyses by different antibiotic types, although not statistically significant, worse survival outcomes were generally observed across several antibiotics, particularly macrolides and/or lincosamides. In stage IV colorectal cancer, inverse relationships between antibiotics use and survival were noted.

Conclusions: Overall, our findings do not support any substantial detrimental effects of prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use on cancer-specific survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis, with the possible exception of very high use in stage I-III colorectal cancer. Further investigation is warranted to confirm and understand these results.

Impact: Although the study findings require confirmation, physicians probably do not need to factor in prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use in prognosticating colorectal cancer patients.
Data from Changes in geographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in esophageal cancer mortality in China, 1973-2017
Authors: Ran Xianhui , Zheng Rongshou , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei , Sun Kexin , Han Bingfeng , Wang Shaoming , Chen Ru , Li Li , Wei Wenqiang , He Jie
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Geographic variability in esophageal cancer has been reported in China, but data are lacking at the local level. We aimed to investigate changes in disparities in esophageal cancer mortality among Chinese counties and whether county-level socioeconomic status was associated with this variation.

Methods: We used data from a nationwide survey and population-based cancer registries to calculate esophageal cancer mortality rates for 782 Chinese counties for the periods of 1973-1975 and 2015-2017. We performed hotspot analysis to identify spatial clusters. We used a multivariable negative binomial regression model to estimate the associations between county-level socioeconomic factors and mortality.

Results: From 1973-1975 to 2015-2017, the age-standardized esophageal cancer mortality rate decreased from 27 to 8 per 100,000 person-years in China. By county, 577 (74%) of 782 counties experienced decreasing mortality. Geographic disparities in mortality substantially narrowed, with the gap in mortality rates between 90th and 10th percentile counties decreasing from 55 per 100,000 person-years in 1973-1975 to 16 in 2015-2017. However, clusters of elevated rates persisted across north-central China. Rurality (adjusted mortality rate ratio [MRR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.21), per capita gross domestic product (adjusted MRR 0.95, 0.91-0.98), and percentage of people with a high school diploma (adjusted MRR 0.86, 0.84-0.87) in a county were significantly associated esophageal cancer mortality rates.

Conclusions: China has made substantial progress in reducing esophageal cancer mortality and disparities, but the intercounty differences remain large.

Impact: Continued efforts are needed to address the geographical and socioeconomic disparities in esophageal cancer.
Supplementary Movie 1 Legend from Activating Inducible T-cell Costimulator Yields Antitumor Activity Alone and in Combination with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D. , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C. , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J. , Hopson Christopher B. , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: August 2023

Expression dynamics and cellular localization of ICOS.
Supplementary Methods from Activating Inducible T-cell Costimulator Yields Antitumor Activity Alone and in Combination with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D. , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C. , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J. , Hopson Christopher B. , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Figure 9 from Activating Inducible T-cell Costimulator Yields Antitumor Activity Alone and in Combination with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D. , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C. , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J. , Hopson Christopher B. , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: August 2023

Antitumor activity of feladilimab in a humanized patient-derived xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Activating Inducible T-cell Costimulator Yields Antitumor Activity Alone and in Combination with Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yadavilli Sapna , Waight Jeremy D. , Brett Sara , Bi Meixia , Zhang Tianqian , Liu Yao-Bin , Ellis Catherine , Turner David C. , Hahn Ashleigh , Shi Hong , Seestaller-Wehr Laura , Jing Junping , Xie Qing , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Ji Xiao , Gagnon Robert , Fieles William , Hook Laura , Grant Steven , Hopley Stephanie , DeYoung M. Phillip , Blackwell Christina , Chisamore Michael , Biddlecombe Robert , Figueroa David J. , Hopson Christopher B. , Srinivasan Roopa , Smothers James , Maio Michele , Rischin Danny , Olive Daniel , Paul Elaine , Mayes Patrick A. , Hoos Axel , Ballas Marc
Published: August 2023

Feladilimab induces phospho-AKT in ICOS-expressing Ba/F3 cells and cytokine production in PBMC from healthy donors and cancer patients.
Association between Cannabis Use Disorder and Mental Health Disorders in the Adolescent Population: A Cohort Study
Authors: Muñoz-Galán Regina , Lana-Lander Irene , Coronado Marta , Segura Lidia , Colom Joan
Published: August 2023

Introduction: According to the literature, early initiation to cannabis use and a dependent pattern of use are important risk factors for the development of mental health disorders. However, there are few cohort studies which look at the development of mental health disorders associated with cannabis use among young people with cannabis use disorder (CUD). The aim of the study was to determine the cumulative incidence of mental health disorders and the risk of developing mental health disorders among minors who commenced treatment for CUD in Catalonia during 2015–2019. Methods: This was a retrospective fixed cohort study, matched for confounding variables, based on data from the Catalan Health Surveillance System. The exposed cohort comprised young people who entered treatment for CUD during 2015–2019 (n = 948) and who were minors on the date of commencing treatment. Matching was done with a paired cohort (n = 4,737), according to confounding variables. Individuals with a diagnosis of a mental health disorder prior to the study period were excluded. The cumulative incidence was calculated for mental health disorders for the exposed and the paired cohorts and stratified by type of mental disorder. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using the conditional Poisson model with robust variance, stratified by sex. Results: The cumulative incidence for development of a mental health disorder was 19.6% in the exposed cohort and 3.1% in the paired cohort; with higher incidence among females (females 32.7%; males 15.8%). The exposed cohort had an 8.7 times increased risk of developing a mental health disorder than the paired cohort. The most frequent diagnoses were reaction to severe stress, adjustment disorder, and personality disorders. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the exposed cohort was at increased risk of developing mental health disorders compared to the paired cohort. To date, few studies have analyzed the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, considering cannabis dependence. Further studies should be undertaken considering CUD. In addition, more studies are needed to understand the factors that determine the development of CUD. Further research in these areas would contribute to the design of prevention strategies aimed at those young individuals with a higher risk of developing cannabis dependence and suffering its consequences.
Predicting Survival of Patients with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Based on Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio: A Nomogram-Based Assessment
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yu , Long Zhi-Qing , Huang Han-Ying , Wen Wen , Lin Fei , Guo Ling , Lin Huan-Xin
Published: August 2023

Background: Parameters of systemic inflammation have received attention as prognostic surrogates in various malignant tumors. Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) correlate with tumor growth and dissemination. We aimed to bring the combination of FAR and LMR (FAR-LMR) together to establish novel nomograms for survival and recurrence in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 461 female patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer from January 2011 to December 2013 in our hospital and randomly assigned them into the training cohort (N = 318) and the validation cohort (N = 143). The potential predictive factors for overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models and log-rank test. Results: Elevated FAR was associated with poor OS (p < 0.001) and DMFS (p = 0.02), whereas increased LMR was associated with satisfactory OS (p = 0.01) and LRFS (p = 0.01). High FAR combined with low LMR was associated with less favorable OS (p = 0.001), LRFS (p = 0.005), and DMFS (p = 0.003) Based on multivariate analysis, FAR-LMR, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, age, and pathologic status contributed to prognostic nomograms of OS, DMFS, and LRFS. Nomograms presented exceptional performance for 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS, DMFS, and LRFS prediction compared with clinical TNM stage. The C-index was significantly higher than that of TNM stage, either of FAR or LMR (3-year: 0.709 vs. 0.621 vs. 0.544 vs. 0.641, 5-year: 0.761 vs. 0.597 vs. 0.605 vs. 0.677, 8-year: 0.84 vs. 0.62 vs. 0.539 vs. 0.623). Conclusions: We developed and validated a convenient predictive model for the survival outcomes of patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer. The nomograms can be utilized as auxiliary tools to provide prognostic information.
Association between Physical Frailty and Sleep Disturbances among Patients on Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yoshikoshi Shun , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Imamura Keigo , Harada Manae , Yamabe Sachi , Matsunaga Yusuke , Osada Shiwori , Tagaya Hirokuni , Matsunaga Atsuhiko
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Among patients on hemodialysis (HD), physical frailty and sleep disturbances are not only common but also associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical frailty and sleep disturbances in patients on HD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to March 2021, with outpatients receiving HD 3 times a week at two dialysis facilities in Japan. Sleep disturbances were identified with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Physical frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Patients were classified as “non-frailty (number of frailty components: 0–2)” or “frailty (3–5).” We examined the association of sleep disturbances with physical frailty and its components by performing a logistic regression analysis. Results: We analyzed 360 patients (mean age 65.6 years; 62% men). Eighty-one patients (23%) were classified into the group with frailty, and the mean AIS score was 5.2 ± 4.2 points. After adjusting for clinical characteristics, increasing the AIS score per 1 point was associated with higher odds of physical frailty (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.20; p < 0.01). As for the frailty components, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weak grip strength showed an association with sleep disturbances (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Sleep disturbances were independently associated with physical frailty in patients on HD. Future studies are warranted to investigate the causality between physical frailty and sleep disturbances in this population.
Temperature Management for Comatose Adult Survivors of Cardiac Arrest: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Perman Sarah M. , Bartos Jason A. , Del Rios Marina , Donnino Michael W. , Hirsch Karen G. , Jentzer Jacob C. , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Kurz Michael C. , Maciel Carolina B. , Menon Venu , Panchal Ashish R. , Rittenberger Jon C. , Berg Katherine M. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation, and Stroke Council
Published: August 2023

Targeted temperature management has been a cornerstone of post–cardiac arrest care for patients remaining unresponsive after return of spontaneous circulation since the initial trials in 2002 found that mild therapeutic hypothermia improves neurological outcome. The suggested temperature range expanded in 2015 in response to a large trial finding that outcomes were not better with treatment at 33° C compared with 36° C. In 2021, another large trial was published in which outcomes with temperature control at 33° C were not better than those of patients treated with a strategy of strict normothermia. On the basis of these new data, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and other organizations have altered their treatment recommendations for temperature management after cardiac arrest. The new American Heart Association guidelines on this topic will be introduced in a 2023 focused update. To provide guidance to clinicians while this focused update is forthcoming, the American Heart Association’s Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee convened a writing group to review the TTM2 trial (Hypothermia Versus Normothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest) in the context of other recent evidence and to present an opinion on how this trial may influence clinical practice. This science advisory was informed by review of the TTM2 trial, consideration of other recent influential studies, and discussion between cardiac arrest experts in the fields of cardiology, critical care, emergency medicine, and neurology. Conclusions presented in this advisory statement do not replace current guidelines but are intended to provide an expert opinion on novel literature that will be incorporated into future guidelines and suggest the opportunity for reassessment of current clinical practice.
Association of Intrinsic Functional Connectivity between the Locus Coeruleus and Salience Network with Attentional Ability
Authors: Neal Joshua , Song Inuk , Katz Benjamin , Lee Tae-Ho
Published: August 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem region associated with broad neural arousal because of norepinephrine production, but it has increasingly been associated with specific cognitive processes. These include sustained attention, with deficits associated with various neuropsychological disorders. Neural models of attention deficits have focused on interrupted dynamics between the salience network (SAL) with the frontoparietal network, which has been associated with task-switching and processing of external stimuli, respectively. Conflicting findings for these regions suggest the possibility of upstream signaling leading to attention dysfunction, and recent research suggests LC involvement. In this study, resting-state functional connectivity and behavioral performance on an attention task was examined within 584 individuals. Analysis revealed significant clusters connected to LC activity in the SAL. Given previous findings that attention deficits may be caused by SAL network switching dysfunctions, findings here further suggest that dysfunction in LC–SAL connectivity may impair attention.
Communication Drives the Emergence of Language Universals in Neural Agents: Evidence from the Word-order/Case-marking Trade-off
Authors: Lian Yuchen , Bisazza Arianna , Verhoef Tessa
Published: August 2023

Artificial learners often behave differently from human learners in the context of neural agent-based simulations of language emergence and change. A common explanation is the lack of appropriate cognitive biases in these learners. However, it has also been proposed that more naturalistic settings of language learning and use could lead to more human-like results. We investigate this latter account, focusing on the word-order/case-marking trade-off, a widely attested language universal that has proven particularly hard to simulate. We propose a new Neural-agent Language Learning and Communication framework (NeLLCom) where pairs of speaking and listening agents first learn a miniature language via supervised learning, and then optimize it for communication via reinforcement learning. Following closely the setup of earlier human experiments, we succeed in replicating the trade-off with the new framework without hard-coding specific biases in the agents. We see this as an essential step towards the investigation of language universals with neural learners.
A Cross-Linguistic Pressure for Uniform Information Density in Word Order
Authors: Clark Thomas Hikaru , Meister Clara , Pimentel Tiago , Hahn Michael , Cotterell Ryan , Futrell Richard , Levy Roger
Published: August 2023

While natural languages differ widely in both canonical word order and word order flexibility, their word orders still follow shared cross-linguistic statistical patterns, often attributed to functional pressures. In the effort to identify these pressures, prior work has compared real and counterfactual word orders. Yet one functional pressure has been overlooked in such investigations: The uniform information density (UID) hypothesis, which holds that information should be spread evenly throughout an utterance. Here, we ask whether a pressure for UID may have influenced word order patterns cross-linguistically. To this end, we use computational models to test whether real orders lead to greater information uniformity than counterfactual orders. In our empirical study of 10 typologically diverse languages, we find that: (i) among SVO languages, real word orders consistently have greater uniformity than reverse word orders, and (ii) only linguistically implausible counterfactual orders consistently exceed the uniformity of real orders. These findings are compatible with a pressure for information uniformity in the development and usage of natural languages.1
Martyrdom of the Sukiaseans (Mytho-Ritual Aspect)
Authors: Salbiev Tamerlan K.
Published: August 2023

It is a common belief that conflict, underlying the events described in the Martyrdom of Sukiaseans was based on apostasy. Yet, it is very likely that the fatal controversy between the Alan king and the Alan hermits, who converted to Christianity, his subjects, was caused by more complex set of factors without which it is impossible to adequately understand neither the essence of the conflict, nor the motives of its participants, nor the consequences to which it led. It seems that an integrated approach should pay a decisive role to developing an adequate methodology, according to which Martyrdom cannot be separated from Satenik’s wedding ceremony. It is only within the mytho-ritual framework of this wedding that five key motives, underlying the general plot of Martyrdom, can be singled out and explained.