bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration and theDeep Timeof Media Infrastructures
Authors: Leurs Koen , Seuferling Philipp
Published: March 2022

While infrastructures of media and of migration currently converge in specific ways, in this commentary, we consider how these infrastructures always reflect distinctive moments in media history, as well as in migration history. An archaeological approach to infrastructure posits that media infrastructures do not spring into action fully formed, and neither is there ever a moment when they would be fully formed. We propose the perspective of deep time of infrastructures as a way of opening up unresolved questions about what critical researchers can and should do with historically-informed inquiry of media technologies across migration contexts. We specifically operationalize the deep time of media and migration infrastructures by addressing the three dimensions of: (1) materialities; (2) practices; and (3) imaginaries.
Women on and Behind Chinese Entertainment Television: De/Constructing the Female Authorship of National Treasure
Authors: Trimmel Theresa , Zhou Oscar T , Zhang Ming , Ng Eve
Published: March 2022

Women have been enjoying new forms of visibility in post-2010 Chinese entertainment television, not just onscreen, but also in paratextual discourses about women as content producers. By focusing on the promotional and reception materials about a female director/producer, Yu Lei, and her authorship in National Treasure (NT), a current Chinese variety show, this article analyzes how extratextual material operates in relation to female authorship in Chinese television. By examining how gender politics are incorporated in the construction of female authorship, we identify the problematic aspects of how Yu Lei’s authorship is framed, which serve to promote neoliberal postfeminist ideas of women’s empowerment and are bound up with current iterations of official neonationalist ideology. While acknowledging its limitations, we argue that Yu Lei’s position as a woman in a male-dominated industry who has substantial visibility in media and enjoys some authority over a TV production still constitutes noteworthy if only partial agency.
Politicised revisionism: comment on Lopes (2021)
Authors: Bylund Per L , Lingle Christopher , Packard Mark
Published: March 2022

We comment on a recent article by Lopes (2021), whose argument regarding the writing of the history of the socialist calculation debate is unfortunately burdened by a misconception of both the substance and nature of the argument that ignited the debate. Bringing additional sources from this time to scholars’ attention, we show that there is much more to the Austrian interpretation than standard interpretations of the debate admit. In fact, our findings indicate that Lange’s famous response to Mises’s challenge constitutes a rebuttal of a straw man.
François de Fossa, Louis Picquot and the transmission of Luigi Boccherini’s guitar quintets
Authors: Rasch Rudolf
Published: March 2022

Boccherini’s eight guitar quintets g.445–53 are among the composer’s best-known works. Nonetheless, the history of the presently preserved manuscripts is far from clear. The Marquis de Benavente, for whom they were written, must have had a manuscript (now lost) containing presumably twelve such works, of which three were published, arranged for double-viola string quintet, in Bordeaux in 1817. A vital role in the transmission of the works is also played by a manuscript including eight quintets copied in Madrid from the marquis’s manuscript by the soldier-musician François de Fossa. Until now it has been generally assumed that Fossa’s 1811 manuscript can be identified with a manuscript now in the Library of Congress in Washington. However, the Washington manuscript differs from the description that Fossa gives of his 1811 manuscript in several important ways. Closer inspection tells us that the Washington manuscript, although indeed copied by Fossa, must have been made later—perhaps around 1825—probably with the intention that it would serve as copy for a printed edition. While preparing his Notice sur la vie et les oeuvres de Luigi Boccherini, Louis Picquot contacted Fossa in 1847, and Fossa sent the manuscript to Picquot, probably again hoping that it could be published. It remained in Picquot’s library, however, and was purchased in 1922 by the Library of Congress from the Berlin antiquarian bookseller Leo Liepmanssohn. Another important source for Boccherini’s guitar quintets, a manuscript now in the Bavarian State Library in Munich, contains copies of guitar quintets acquired by Picquot via other routes. From the histories and the contents of the preserved sources of the quintets it can be concluded that Boccherini wrote twelve such quintets, of which nine are preserved today.
Protective motivators and precautionary behaviors against COVID-19 in Turkey
Authors: Türen Ufuk , Gökmen Yunus , Erdem Haluk , Kalkin Gökdeniz
Published: March 2022

In this research, we investigated the protection motivators and precautionary behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associations between them. To do this, we developed two original scales, collected data (2783 responses) using an online survey, after removing the responses (319), which were filled in incompletely or incorrectly in the questionnaire, we obtained 2464 participants covering the aged 18+ population in Turkey. Based on random sampling, our sample complies with these ratios and generally reflects the aged 18+ population of Turkey. We confirmed the psychometrical validity and reliability of our two scales using the collected data. Herewith, we found that perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 infection is very high, perceived severity of COVID-19 is medium, COVID-19 related information seeking is high, beliefs on precautions’ efficacy is high and also the practice of precautionary behaviors is high. Our research depicts that all protection motivators significantly are related with the practice of precautionary behaviors (routine and leisure). However, with the only exception of perceived severity of COVID-19 is not related with precautionary behaviors (routine). Besides, we saw that females’ average in all variables is significantly higher than males and some variables are sensitive to age, education level, marital status and the number of children. We believe that the findings provide essential inputs for authorities in establishing public health policies against the present pandemic and likely ones in the future.
Comparing comprehensibility of standard and enhanced prescription medicine labels: a randomized simulation
Authors: Mohammad Annim , Saini Bandana , Badcock Caro-Anne , Chaar Betty Bouad
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study is to develop and user-test the comparative effectiveness of two enhanced label designs to improve comprehension of patients with low English proficiency versus a standard label representative of the pharmacist-affixed medicine labels currently used in practice.

Methods

Using a randomized two-group study design, 66 participants from Sydney, Australia were allocated to view a set of standard labels followed by a set of enhanced labels named ‘linguistically enhanced labels’ or ‘linguistically and graphically enhanced labels’. Each set of labels depicted medicine directions of three levels of complexity, which participants viewed consecutively. The ‘enhanced labels’ incorporated several features documented in the literature as improving understanding of low-health-literate/linguistically compromised individuals such as translated directions in a language the person is more proficient in, numeric presentations of numbers/counts, carriage returns and graphic depiction of directions. A user-testing questionnaire relating to comprehensibility was conducted after each label was viewed. Differences in comprehensibility were assessed using a generalized linear model, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for trend and a chi-square test.

Key findings

Results indicated significant improvements in comprehensibility with both types of enhanced labels compared with standard labels (P < 0.0001). The ‘linguistically and graphically enhanced label’ improved comprehensibility of the most complex directions to a greater extent than the ‘linguistically enhanced label’ (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This study has highlighted the scope for improvement of existing pharmacist-affixed prescription medicine labels to ensure better understanding by individuals with low English proficiency. The enhanced labels trialled presented a means with which this may be achieved through the incorporation of key design elements, such as simpler, translated and graphically supported directions.
An Effective Upper Bound for Anti-Canonical Volumes of Canonical ℚ-Fano Three-folds
Authors: Jiang Chen , Zou Yu
Published: March 2022

We show that the anti-canonical volume of a canonical weak ${\mathbb {Q}}$-Fano three-fold is at most $324$.
Informative presence bias in analyses of electronic health records-derived data: a cautionary note
Authors: Harton Joanna , Mitra Nandita , Hubbard Rebecca A
Published: March 2022

Objective

Electronic health record (EHR)-derived data are extensively used in health research. However, the pattern of patient interaction with the healthcare system can result in informative presence bias if those who have poorer health have more data recorded than healthier patients. We aimed to determine how informative presence affects bias across multiple scenarios informed by real-world healthcare utilization patterns.

Materials and methods

We conducted an analysis of EHR data from a pediatric healthcare system as well as simulation studies to characterize conditions under which informative presence bias is likely to occur. This analysis extends prior work by examining a variety of scenarios for the relationship between a biomarker and a health event of interest and the healthcare visit process.

Results

Using biomarker values gathered at both informative and noninformative visits when estimating the effect of the biomarker on the event of interest resulted in minimal bias when the biomarker was relatively stable over time but produced substantial bias when the biomarker was more volatile. Adjusting analyses for the number of prior visits within a fixed look-back window was able to reduce but not eliminate this bias.

Discussion

These results suggest that bias may arise frequently in commonly encountered scenarios and may not be eliminated by adjusting for prior visit intensity.

Conclusion

Depending on the context, the estimated effect from analyses using data from all visits available may diverge from the true effect. Sensitivity analyses using only visits likely to be informative or noninformative based on visit type may aid in the assessment of the magnitude of potential bias.
Effect of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, microbial counts, and ruminal in vitro gas production kinetics of wet brewer’s grain silage
Authors: Killerby Marjorie A , Almeida Saulo T R , Hollandsworth Rachel , Guimaraes Bianca C , Leon-Tinoco Angela , Perkins Lewis B , Henry Darren , Schwartz Thomas J , Romero Juan J
Published: March 2022

This study evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 10 g/kg fresh WBG (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu per fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). Fresh WBG was treated and then ensiled for 60 d, after which mini silos were opened and aerobically exposed (AES) for 10 d. Data were analyzed as an RCBD (five blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 stages (STG; fresh, ensiled, and AES) factorial arrangement. Results showed that ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates and starch than all other ensiled TRT (P < 0.001). Dry matter losses of ensiled PRP-treated WBG were 48% lower than all other ensiled TRT (P = 0.009) but were not different than CON in AES (P = 0.350). Due to its greater concentration of digestible nutrients, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (P = 0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1, or NaL2 but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber across STG (P = 0.392). Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) decreased only in ensiled CON, INO, and NaL1 relative to fresh WBG and AES NaL2 had greater IVDMD than all other AES TRT (P ≤ 0.032). In vitro ruminal fermentation of fresh WBG resulted in a greater methane concentration and yield than the other STG (P < 0.033). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability under the conditions tested.
Indeterminate Liminality and the Refugee Journey: Partition and Hindu Sindhi Women’s Life Narratives
Authors: Chakraborty Radhika Mathrani
Published: March 2022

This article explores the refugee journeys of Hindu Sindhi women who were displaced during the 1947 Partition, and the continuing sense of liminality, or ‘in-between-ness’, engendered by their displacement. Refugee journeys are most often framed as a transformative, connective phase between homeland and hostland. However, in these life narratives, the journey did not emerge as an ‘in-between’ connective phase but instead stretched beyond arrival and settlement in India. This article thus proposes the concept of ‘indeterminate’ liminality for the protracted refugee journey, through a focus on its spatial and temporal aspects. The idea of journey emerges as a scaffolding for these women’s life narratives, as a series of multiple movements and claims to home spaces as they navigated gendered threats and uncertainties. The connection and intersections between past and present in their life narratives demonstrate how the liminal experience is not temporally bound between departure and arrival but extends across the life course.
Cause-Specific Mortality Among Norwegian Veterans Deployed to Afghanistan Between 2001 and 2019
Authors: Strand Leif Åge , Rudvin Inger , Borud Einar Kristian , Bøe Hans Jakob , Nordstrand Andreas Espetvedt , Fadum Elin Anita
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Norwegian military forces participated in the military campaign Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan starting in 2001. Military personnel often show a “healthy soldier effect” in terms of lowered all-cause mortality when compared to the general population. However, military service in conflict areas is associated with an increased risk of death from external causes such as transport accidents and suicide after discharge. We aimed to investigate cause-specific mortality in a cohort of 9,192 Norwegian (7.5% women) veterans deployed to Afghanistan between 2001 and 2019.

Materials and Methods

We followed cohort members from their first day of service in Afghanistan through 2019. We computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% CIs by comparing the observed number of deaths in our cohort with the expected number of deaths in the general population. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for the full follow-up period among men and women separately, and among men only for two time periods: during deployment and after discharge from service in Afghanistan.

Results

We observed 77 deaths (3 women and 74 men), 10 of which occurred during deployment (war casualties, 1 woman and 9 men); all others occurred after discharge. All-cause mortality in women did not differ from that in the general population (SMR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11-1.53). For men, the observed all-cause mortality was lower than the expected rate for the full follow-up period (SMR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.69), during deployment, and after discharge, while deaths because of transport accidents after discharge (13 cases) were more than twice as high as expected rates (SMR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.26-4.04). The 11 observed suicides gave a nonstatistically significant, lower suicide risk compared to the expected rates (SMR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.33-1.18).

Conclusion

In accordance with the “healthy soldier effect,” military service in Afghanistan was generally associated with a lower than expected risk of death both during deployment and after discharge. The risk of death from transport accidents was higher than expected after discharge, while the observed incidence of suicide did not differ from the expected rate in the general population.
Compositional complementarity between genomic RNA and coat proteins in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
Authors: Adlhart Marlene , Poetsch Florian , Hlevnjak Mario , Hoogmoed Megan , Polyansky Anton A , Zagrovic Bojan
Published: March 2022

During packaging in positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, coat proteins (CPs) interact directly with multiple regions in genomic RNA (gRNA), but the underlying physicochemical principles remain unclear. Here we analyze the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of bacteriophage MS2 and show that the gRNA/CP binding sites, including the known packaging signal, overlap significantly with regions where gRNA nucleobase-density profiles match the corresponding CP nucleobase-affinity profiles. Moreover, we show that the MS2 packaging signal corresponds to the global minimum in gRNA/CP interaction energy in the unstructured state as derived using a linearly additive model and knowledge-based nucleobase/amino-acid affinities. Motivated by this, we predict gRNA/CP interaction sites for a comprehensive set of 1082 +ssRNA viruses. We validate our predictions by comparing them with site-resolved information on gRNA/CP interactions derived in SELEX and CLIP experiments for 10 different viruses. Finally, we show that in experimentally studied systems CPs frequently interact with autologous coding regions in gRNA, in agreement with both predicted interaction energies and a recent proposal that proteins in general tend to interact with own mRNAs, if unstructured. Our results define a self-consistent framework for understanding packaging in +ssRNA viruses and implicate interactions between unstructured gRNA and CPs in the process.
Patient Versus Clinician Proxy Reliability of the AM-PAC “6-Clicks” Basic Mobility and Daily Activity Short Forms
Authors: Johnson Joshua K , Lapin Brittany , Bethoux Francois , Skolaris Alexis , Katzan Irene , Stilphen Mary
Published: March 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” mobility and activity short forms between patients and therapist proxies. As a secondary aim, reliability was examined when patients completed their self-report before versus after the therapist evaluation.

Methods

Patients being seen for an initial physical therapist (N = 70) or occupational therapist (N = 71) evaluation in the acute care hospital completed the “6-Clicks” mobility short form (if a physical therapist evaluation) or activity short form (if an occupational therapist evaluation). Whether patients completed their self-assessment before or after the evaluation was randomized. Patient- and therapist-rated “6-Clicks” raw scores were converted to AM-PAC T-scores for comparison. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots, and agreement was assessed with weighted kappa values.

Results

The ICCs for the “6-Clicks” mobility and daily activity short forms were 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42–0.69) and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.28–0.59), respectively. For both short forms, reliability was higher when the patient completed the self-assessment after versus before the therapist evaluation (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47–0.80 vs ICC = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.26–0.67 for the mobility short form; and ICC = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29–0.70 vs ICC = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.06–0.56 for the activity short form).

Conclusion

Reliability of the “6-Clicks” total scores was moderate for both the mobility and activity short forms, though higher for the mobility short form and when patients’ self-report occurred after the therapist evaluation.

Impact

Reliability of the AM-PAC “6-Clicks” short forms is moderate when comparing scores from patients with those of therapists responding as proxies. The short forms are useful for measuring participants’ function in the acute care hospital; however, it is critical to recognize limitations in reliability between clinician- and patient-reported AM-PAC scores when evaluating longitudinal change and recovery.
HAG Effector Evolution in Pyricularia Species and Plant Cell Death Suppression by HAG4
Authors: Chen Meilian , Farmer Nick , Zhong Zhenhui , Zheng Wenhui , Tang Wei , Han Yijuan , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Ebbole Daniel J.
Published: March 2022

Seventy host-adapted gene ( HAG) effector family members from Pyricularia species are found in P. oryzae and three closely related species (isolates LS and 18-2 from an unknown Pyricularia sp., P. grisea, and P. pennisetigena) that share at least eight orthologous HAG family members with P. oryzae. The genome sequence of a more distantly related species, P. penniseti, lacks HAG genes, suggesting a time frame for the origin of the gene family in the genus . In P. oryzae, HAG4 is uniquely found in the genetic lineage that contains populations adapted to Setaria and Oryza hosts. We find a nearly identical HAG4 allele in a P. grisea isolate, suggesting transfer of HAG4 from P. grisea to P. oryzae. HAG4 encodes a suppressor of plant cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screens with several HAG genes independently identify common interacting clones from a rice complementary DNA library, suggesting conservation of protein surface motifs between HAG homologs with as little as 40% protein sequence identity. HAG family orthologs have diverged rapidly and HAG15 orthologs display unusually high rates of sequence divergence compared with adjacent genes suggesting gene-specific accelerated divergence. The sequence diversity of the HAG homologs in Pyricularia species provides a resource for examining mechanisms of gene family evolution and the relationship to structural and functional evolution of HAG effector family activity.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Cold Exposure Memory Reduces Pathogen Susceptibility in Arabidopsis Based on a Functional Plastid Peroxidase System
Authors: Griebel Thomas , Schütte Dominic , Ebert Alina , Nguyen H. Hung , Baier Margarete
Published: March 2022

Chloroplasts serve as cold priming hubs modulating the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a second cold stimulus for several days by postcold accumulation of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (tAPX). In an attempt to investigate cross-priming effects of cold on plant pathogen protection, we show here that such a single 24-h cold treatment at 4°C decreased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did not alter resistance against the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato avRPM1 and P. syringae pv. tomato avrRPS4 strains or the effector-deficient P. syringae pv. tomato strain hrcC−. The effect of cold priming against P. syringae pv. tomato was active immediately after cold exposure and memorized for at least 5 days. The priming benefit was established independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) or activation of the immune-related genes NHL10, FRK1, ICS1 and PR1 but required thylakoid-bound as well as stromal ascorbate peroxidase activities because the effect was absent or weak in corresponding knock-out-lines. Suppression of tAPX postcold regulation in a conditional-inducible tAPX-RNAi line led to increased bacterial growth numbers. This highlights that the plant immune system benefits from postcold regeneration of the protective chloroplast peroxidase system.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Early Physiological Plant Response and Systemic Effects of Huanglongbing Infection in Split-Root Plants
Authors: Pulici Jeane Dayse V. S. , Murata Mayara M. , Johnson Evan G.
Published: March 2022

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a devastating disease of citrus. After initial infection, CLas quickly colonizes the root system before canopy symptoms develop. There is limited understanding of CLas movement from roots to canopy and local and systemic effects on root dynamics. Using split-root rhizoboxes and late summer below-the-split bud inoculation, effects of local infection on systemic disease development were studied. Upward bacterial movement from roots is linked to seasonal flushes and CLas population in roots. CLas stayed isolated to one side of the roots for at least 8 months, until the spring flush. HLB caused differential root responses depending on tree age at infection. Systemic effects, independent of CLas movement, occur very early after infection. Stimulation of root growth occurred on noninfected roots prior to CLas detection in 1.5-year-old trees but decreased in 2.5-year-old trees. Independent of tree age, root growth was stimulated during spring root flushes after CLas population stabilized. Root dieback began simultaneously with detection of CLas in roots (6 weeks postinoculation). Infection and tree age altered root lifespan. In total, 1.5-year-old CLas-infected roots from summer and fall flushes had 3 and 6 weeks reduced lifespan. In contrast, 2.5-year-old CLas-infected plants lifespan was unaffected. Season affected root lifespan with late summer root flush lifespan was three times shorter than fall or spring root flushes. Split-root inoculation allowed study of local and systemic effects of CLas infection in roots, information crucial to prolonging the productivity of HLB-affected trees.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Meeting Substance Use Patients Where They Are
Authors: Danda Michelle
Published: March 2022

A less rigid approach that incorporates harm reduction and destigmatization.
New Adjunct Therapy for Elevated Lipid Levels
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: March 2022

Inclisiran (Leqvio) has been approved as adjunct therapy, along with diet and statin therapy, to treat adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who require additional reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol despite maximal statin therapy.

Inclisiran is administered subcutaneously by a nurse or other health care provider.
First Drug to Reduce Proteinuria in Berger's Disease
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: March 2022

Budesonide (Tarpeyo) has received accelerated approval to reduce proteinuria in adults with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease.

Nurses should assess if any coprescribed drugs could induce a drug–drug interaction via the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme system. Because budesonide causes immunosuppression, patients are at high risk for developing infections and should be told to avoid anyone who is known to have an infection.
Self-Administered Test Is Useful in Detecting Cognitive Changes
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: March 2022

According to this study:

The Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination detected significant changes at least six months earlier than the Mini–Mental State Examination in patients with mild cognitive impairment who later developed dementia and in those who had Alzheimer disease dementia.

Use of the brief, self-administered test may remove some barriers to identifying cognitive changes.
Prevalence of Anosmia in 10.157 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Elvan-Tuz Aysegul , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Kiran Sibel , Kanik-Yuksek Saliha , Gulhan Belgin , Hacimustafaoglu Mustafa , Ozdem-Alatas Silem , Kuyucu Necdet , Ozdemir Halil , Egil Oguz , Elmas-Bozdemir Sefika , Polat Meltem , Bursal-Duramaz Burcu , Cem Ela , Apaydin Gozde , Teksam Ozlem ,   on behalf of the TURK-COVID-19-Anosmia Study Group
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

COVID-19-related anosmia is a remarkable and disease-specific finding. With this multicenter cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anosmia in pediatric cases with COVID-19 from Turkey and make an objective assessment with a smell awareness questionnaire.

Material and Methods:

This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted with pediatric infection clinics in 37 centers in 19 different cities of Turkey between October 2020 and March 2021. The symptoms of 10.157 COVID-19 cases 10–18 years old were examined. Age, gender, other accompanying symptoms, and clinical severity of the disease of cases with anosmia and ageusia included in the study were recorded. The cases were interviewed for the smell awareness questionnaire at admission and one month after the illness.

Results:

Anosmia was present in 12.5% (1.266/10.157) of COVID-19 cases 10-18 years of age. The complete records of 1053 patients followed during the study period were analyzed. The most common symptoms accompanying symptoms with anosmia were ageusia in 885 (84%) cases, fatigue in 534 cases (50.7%), and cough in 466 cases (44.3%). Anosmia was recorded as the only symptom in 84 (8%) of the cases. One month later, it was determined that anosmia persisted in 88 (8.4%) cases. In the smell awareness questionnaire, the score at admission was higher than the score one month later (P < 0.001).

Discussion:

With this study, we have provided the examination of a large case series across Turkey. Anosmia and ageusia are specific symptoms seen in cases of COVID-19. With the detection of these symptoms, it should be aimed to isolate COVID-19 cases in the early period and reduce the spread of the infection. Such studies are important because the course of COVID-19 in children differs from adults and there is limited data on the prevalence of anosmia.
Implications of Involuntary Psychiatric Admission
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Girolimetto Riccardo , Bacioccola Eleonora , Faccio Elena , Turchi Gianpiero
Published: March 2022

Involuntary psychiatric admission is an increasing, widespread practice adopted throughout the world; however, its legal regulation and practice are still under debate, and it is subject to criticism from the human rights point of view. Only a few studies have strictly focused on the outcomes and subsequent treatment implications of this practice. To perform a scoping review of the literature on involuntary psychiatric admission and systematize and summarize its outcomes and implications for adult psychiatric inpatients.

Four overarching issues emerged from the studies: a) symptomatological repercussions, b) impacts on treatment before discharge, c) impacts on treatment after discharge, and d) implications on patients' attitudes, behavior, and functioning. The overall evidence suggested correlations between involuntary psychiatric admission and several implications: length of stay, aggressive behavior, occurrence of psychopathologies, uses of coercive measures, psychiatric service activations after discharge, emotive reactions, and quality of life. The proposal presented here is the major involvement of the patient and of all the other actors involved during the entire treatment process to promote a shift from a delegation perspective to a negotiation perspective in the management of involuntary psychiatric admission.
Quo Vadis Psychiatry? Why It Is Time to Endorse Evolutionary Theory
Authors: Brüne Martin , Palanza Paola , Parmigiani Stefano , Troisi Alfonso
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, psychiatry and the neurosciences have made little progress in terms of preventing, diagnosing, classifying, or treating mental disorders. Here we argue that the dilemma of psychiatry and the neurosciences is, in part, based on fundamental misconceptions about the human mind, including misdirected nature-nurture debates, the lack of definitional concepts of “normalcy,” distinguishing defense from defect, disregarding life history theory, evolutionarily uninformed genetic and epigenetic research, the “disconnection” of the brain from the rest of the body, and lack of attention to actual behavior in real-world interactions. All these conceptual difficulties could potentially benefit from an approach that uses evolutionary theory to improve the understanding of causal mechanisms, gene-environment interaction, individual differences in behavioral ecology, interaction between the gut (and other organs) and the brain, as well as cross-cultural and across-species comparison. To foster this development would require reform of the curricula of medical schools.
Implementing Evidence Informed Practice Changes
Authors: Smith-Miller Cheryl A.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

This study examined nurses' perspectives about the barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings and evidence into practice.

BACKGROUND

Work environments play an essential role in implementation and innovation; however, much of the research regarding evidence-based practice focuses on nurses' knowledge and skills, leaving the work environments unexamined.

METHODS

A mixed method survey design was used. Data collection included an electronic survey and open questions. Analysis included descriptive statistics and narrative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS

Attitudes about implementing evidence into practice were positive. Identified barriers included lack of time and knowledge, change fatigue, and complex internal processes; facilitators included supportive colleagues, knowledgeable mentors, and access to libraries and other resources.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing evidence into practice is facilitated by committing organizational resources, fostering supportive work environments, integrating evidence into quality improvement projects, offering continuing education, and reducing the complexity of translating evidence into practice and the number of institution-wide initiatives.
Chronic Fatigue Predicts Hospital Nurse Turnover Intentions
Authors: Rutledge Dana N. , Douville Sarah , Winokur Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of workforce engagement factors on hospital nurse turnover intentions.

BACKGROUND

Nurse turnover intentions are impacted by occupational fatigue and burnout, which are differentially impacted by fatigue, meaning and joy in work, and work-related resilience.

METHODS

One hundred fifty-one nurses from a southwestern hospital completed online surveys. Path analyses evaluated relationships among variables.

RESULTS

Chronic occupational fatigue was the only significant predictor of turnover intentions among nurses. Although strongly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (burnout components), burnout did not predict turnover intention. High levels of chronic fatigue predicted lower meaning and joy in work and lower work-related resilience. Although significantly correlated, meaning and joy in work and resilience did not predict total burnout scores when analyzed in causal models.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurse administrators should focus efforts on factors such as chronic occupational fatigue that are likely to impact nurses' decisions to leave their positions.
Isometric, dynamic, and manual muscle strength measures and their association with cycling performance in elite para–cyclists
Authors: Liljedahl Johanna B. , Arndt Anton , Nooijen Carla F. , Bjerkefors Anna
Published: March 2022

Objective

Para–cycling classification aims to generate fair competition by discriminating between levels of activity limitation. This study investigated the relationship between lower limb Manual Muscle Tests (MMT) with ratio–scaled measures of isometric and dynamic strength, and of the ratio–scaled measures with cycling performance.

Design

Fifty–six para–cyclists (44 males, 12 females) with leg impairments performed isometric and dynamic strength tests: leg push and pull, and an all–out 20 s sprint. MMT results were obtained from the classification database (n = 21) and race speeds from time trials (n = 54).

Results

Regression analyses showed significant associations of MMT with isometric push (R2 = .49), dynamic push (R2 = .35), and dynamic pull (R2 = .28). Isometric strength was significantly correlated with dynamic push (ρ = .63) and pull (ρ = .54). The isometric and dynamic tests were significantly associated with sprint power and race speed (R2 = .16–.50).

Conclusion

The modified MMT and ratio–scaled measures were significantly associated. The significant relation of isometric and dynamic strength with sprint power and race speed maps the impact of lower limb impairments on para–cycling performance. MMT and the isometric and dynamic measures show potential for use in para–cycling classification.
Understanding Breast Implant–Associated Illness: A Delphi Survey Defining Most Frequently Associated Symptoms
Authors: de Vries Claire E. E. , Kaur Manraj N. , Klassen Anne F. , Sommers Katie , Hume Keith M. , Pusic Andrea L.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Increased understanding of the constellation of symptoms referred to as breast implant illness is necessary to better address patient concerns, provide evidence-based care, and inform prospective patients about potential risks. The aim of this study was to reach consensus on the symptoms most frequently associated with breast implant illness, which will subsequently inform the development of a symptom severity scale.

Methods:

A literature search of peer-reviewed and gray literature was performed to identify a comprehensive list of symptoms associated with breast implant illness. This was followed by an online, three-round, modified Delphi survey where the list of symptoms was reviewed by an international panel to determine the top 20, 10, and five symptoms associated with breast implant illness. A virtual meeting of panelists was held to reach consensus on the symptoms to be included in a symptom severity scale.

Results:

A total of 44 symptoms were identified through the literature search. The modified Delphi survey panel consisted of patient research partners [n = 9 (34.6 percent)], plastic surgeons [n = 10 (38.5 percent)], researchers [n = 6 (23.1 percent)], and a member of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration [n = 1 (3.8 percent)]. The response rates of round 1, 2, and 3 were 85, 96, and 100 percent, respectively. Consensus was reached on the top 19 and top six symptoms to be included in long and short forms of a symptom severity scale.

Conclusions:

There was a high level of agreement on the symptoms to be included in a symptom severity scale. The next steps include conducting in-depth qualitative interviews with women with these symptoms and breast implants to understand the experience and impact of these symptoms and develop the preliminary scale.
Alternaria alternata as endophyte and pathogen
Authors: DeMers Mara
Published: March 2022

Alternaria alternata is a common species of fungus frequently isolated from plants as both an endophyte and a pathogen. Although the current definition of A. alternata rests on a foundation of morphological, genetic and genomic analyses, doubts persist regarding the scope of A. alternata within the genus due to the varied symbiotic interactions and wide host range observed in these fungi. These doubts may be due in large part to the history of unstable taxonomy in Alternaria, based on limited morphological characters for species delimitation and host specificity associated with toxins encoded by genes carried on conditionally dispensable chromosomes. This review explores the history of Alternaria taxonomy, focusing in particular on the use of nutritional mode and host associations in species delimitation, with the goal of evaluating A. alternata as it currently stands based on taxonomic best practice. Given the recombination detected among isolates of A. alternata, different symbiotic associations in this species should not be considered phylogenetically informative.
Study on enzyme activity inhibition mechanism of Thiobacillus denitrification intracellular enzyme to sulfate-reducing bacteria intracellular enzyme
Authors: Qiu Lina , Tian Jin , Zhang Weiwei , Gong Aijun , Zhao Weiyu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are recognized by scholars as the most important class of bacteria leading to corrosion of metal materials. It is important to use the properties of microorganisms to inhibit the growth of SRB in the corrosion protection of metal materials and to protect the environment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, the behavior of anaerobic Thiobacillus denitrificans (TDN) intracellular enzyme inhibition of SRB corrosion of EH36 steel was investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, biological detection technology and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings

Results showed that the SRB crude intracellular enzyme affected the corrosion behavior of EH36 steel greatly and the purified TDN intracellular enzyme inhibits SRB intracellular enzyme corrosion to EH36 steel.

Originality/value

A perfect enzyme activity inhibition mechanism will provide theoretical guidance for the selection and application of anticorrosion microorganisms, which is of scientific significance in the field of microbial anticorrosion research.
Multiple holistic case study of project-level building information modelling (BIM) adoption in Nigeria
Authors: Olugboyega Oluseye , Oseghale Godwin Ehis , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to undertake a contextual analysis of project-level building information modelling (BIM) adoption in Nigeria and demonstrate how BIM is applied across different projects in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This research generates contextual and holistic understandings of multiple project-level cases of BIM adoption through an interpretive paradigm guided by relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology. Two models of project-level BIM adoption (ten-factor theory of BIM adoption and strategic-contingent model of BIM adoption) were merged to formulate the BIM adoption assessment scale (BIM-AAS). A qualitative-oriented case study protocol was developed to extract valid and reliable data from external and internal project data based on BIM-AAS features. The extracted data were analysed using the pattern-matching technique and cross-case analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that there was substantial use of BIM tools and technologies in the projects. All the projects adopted collaborative procurement and team and developed integrated building information models. The use of BIM tools, technologies and processes in the projects was found to be above average. The complexities and expectations levels of the projects compliment the nature of BIM adoption in the projects.

Research limitations/implications

The BIM-AAS adopted in this research is an excellent example of a project-level BIM adoption analytical tool. It can be assumed in future research. Also, this research contributes to the theory that the level of project complexity and expectations must align with the level of BIM adoption in projects. The study’s findings ratify BIM tools, technologies and processes as the elements of project-level BIM adoption.

Practical implications

This research substantiates the actual nature and structure of BIM adoption in Nigeria, thereby simplifying the development of initiatives towards BIM adoption in projects and determining the appropriate strategies for BIM implementation and innovation in the Nigerian construction industry. The most important initiative that the Nigerian government can make to drive BIM implementation is the automating of code checking for building rules and regulations in Nigeria.

Originality/value

Previous studies have only reported cases of project-level BIM adoption using surveys and without a standardised project-level BIM adoption model to guide the analysis. This study is the first to formulate and use BIM adoption models for a uniform, critical and contextual analysis of project-level BIM adoption.
Strategies for implementation of green roofs in developing countries
Authors: Durdyev Serdar , Koc Kerim , Karaca Ferhat , Gurgun Asli Pelin
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Reportedly, green roof (GR) makes a significant contribution towards a truly sustainable-built environment; however, its implementation is yet to hit a sufficient level in developing countries. Thus, this study assesses GR implementation strategies in developing countries by providing a comparative analysis through experts in Kazakhstan, Malaysia and Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a four-step methodological approach to achieve the research aim: literature review, focus group discussion, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) analysis and correlation analyses. First, a literature review followed by a focus group discussion is used to determine 18 (out of 25 initially) strategies for the selected context and these are classified into three categories: governmental and institutional support, knowledge and information and policy and regulation. Afterward, the identified GR strategies are evaluated using the FAHP with the data gathered from the experts in the countries studied. Finally, correlation analyses were used to observe the strength of agreement between the assessments of experts from the included countries.

Findings

The findings indicate that financial incentives, low-cost government loans and subsidies and tax rebates are the essential strategies for the wider adoption of GR. Evaluating the policy and regulations strategies also showed that mandatory GR policies and regulations and better enforcement of the developed GR policies are ranked as the most prominent strategies. The findings show a low level of agreement among respondents from Kazakhstan, while there is a high level of agreement between the experts in Malaysia and Turkey.

Research limitations/implications

The research contribution is twofold. First (research implication), the study identifies the strategies through a complete literature review. Second, the identified strategies are evaluated through the lenses of experts in three developing countries which are hoped to provide (practical contribution) a better understanding of the most effective strategies that require attention and enable the frontline stakeholders (particularly government authorities) to focus on them.

Originality/value

The study findings provide a good point of departure to explore the strategies for broader adoption of GRs in developing economic setting.
Firm-specific sentiment and individual option's implied volatility slope
Authors: Chen Bei , Gan Quan
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Previous literature shows that market sentiment and the steepness of index option's implied volatility slope have a negative relation. This paper investigates the relation between firm-specific sentiment and individual option's implied volatility slope both theoretically and empirically.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a simple model with option traders' sentiment heterogeneity to show that sentiment and the steepness of individual option's implied volatility slope have a positive relation.

Findings

When firm-specific sentiment is higher (more bullish), individual option's implied volatility slope becomes steeper. The positive relation is stronger when option traders' beliefs on risk are more dispersed. Empirical results support the theoretical model predictions.

Originality/value

Although both firm-specific sentiment and individual options implied volatility slope predict future stock returns, there is no research exploring the relation between them. In particular, none of previous studies associates implied volatility slope's stock return predictability to investor behavior such as sentiment. The authors’ findings provide a behavior-based explanation on why steep implied volatility slope negatively predicts cross-sectional stock returns.
Book Reviews
Authors: King Thomas
Published: March 2022

Living in Data and The Uncounted, reviewed by Thomas King