bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength evaluation of metallic brackets bonded to a CAD/CAM PMMA material compared to traditional prosthetic temporary materials: an in vitro study
Authors: Garcés Gonzalo Andrés , Rojas Victor Hugo , Bravo Cristian , Sampaio Camila S.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic treatment for adults is currently increasing, and therefore the need to bond brackets to restorations and temporary crowns. The use of CAD/CAM PMMA provisional restorations for orthodontic purposes have not yet been described, and there is currently insufficient information regarding the strength of bracket adhesion. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of thermocycling (TC) and surface treatment on shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to different provisional materials. Methods: Forty specimens were made from each material [PMMA (Telio Lab), bis-acryl (Telio CS C&B), and PMMA CAD/CAM (Telio CAD)], sandpapered, and divided according to surface treatment (pumiced or sandblasted) and TC (half of the samples = 1,000 cycles, 5°C/55°C water baths) (n = 10/group). Stainless-steel brackets were bonded to the specimens (using Transbond XT), and SBS testing was performed. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Failure types were classified with adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. Results: SBS values ranged from 1.5 to 14.9 MPa. Sandblasted bis-acryl and sandblasted auto-curing PMMA groups presented similar values (p> 0.05), higher than the CAD/CAM material (p< 0.05), with or without TC. When thermocycled, pumiced bis-acryl showed higher SBS than pumiced acrylic (p= 0.005) and CAD/CAM materials (p= 0.000), with statistical difference (p= 0.009). TC showed negative effect (p< 0.05) for sandblasted bis-acryl and pumiced acrylic groups. ARI predominant score was mostly zero (0) for CAD/CAM, 1 and 2 for bis-acryl, and 1 for acrylic groups. Conclusion: In general, bis-acryl material showed the highest SBS values, followed by acrylic and CAD/CAM materials, which showed SBS values lower than an optimum strength for bonding brackets.
Complications encountered during Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device therapy
Authors: Elkordy Sherif A. , Fayed Mona M. Salah , Attia Khaled H. , Abouelezz Amr M.
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fixed functional appliances are non-compliant solutions to Class II malocclusion treatment. The clinician, however, should be careful of unexpected complications during the therapy. Methods: 58 female adolescents who presented with Class II malocclusion due to deficient mandible were treated with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) therapy until an overcorrection to an edge to edge incisor relationship was achieved. Results: Incisor relationship and overjet were corrected successfully in all the subjects. Twenty-two patients had a complications-free treatment, while several complications were encountered with the remaining 36 subjects. In particular, mandibular canine rotation and development of posterior crossbites were the most common complications, with percentages of 51.7% and 25.9% respectively. Other complications included the breakage and shearing of the extraoral tubes of the first molar bands, and excessive intrusion of the upper first molars. Conclusions: FFRD is an efficient appliance for treatment of Class II malocclusion; however, different complications were encountered during the appliance therapy. A focus on taking precautions and applying preventive measures can help to avoid such problems, reducing the number of emergency appointments and enhancing the treatment experience with the appliance.
Negócios de impacto e habitação social: uma nova fronteira do capital financeirizado?
Authors: Santoro Paula Freire , Chiavone João de Araújo
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo explora a imbricação entre negócios de impacto e habitação social. Pesquisa empresas que estão buscando recursos no mercado financeiro para financiar soluções habitacionais para famílias de baixa renda, enxergando a habitação como uma "oportunidade" de negócios. Revisa a literatura, trazendo críticas da implantação dessa agenda, mostrando seu enlace com o endividamento familiar em um “neoliberalismo desde abajo”. Descreve as estratégias da empresa que criou a primeira debênture de impacto social no Brasil para oferecer crédito com juros menores, às famílias mais pobres, para reformarem suas casas. Conclui que a motivação foi empresarial, e não a construção de uma política ou interesse público, embora tenha impactos urbanos e no endividamento das famílias que ainda devem ser considerados.
As disputas, o desenho e a aplicação dos recursos do FGTS entre 1998 e 2017
Authors: Locatelli Piero Boeira
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este trabalho analisa as disputas, o desenho e a aplicação dos recursos do FGTS (Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço) destinados ao financiamento habitacional entre 1998 e 2017. A análise evidencia que o fundo cumpriu uma função central no atendimento habitacional para a população de baixa renda nesse período, especialmente a partir da concessão de subsídios com esse fim, chamados de descontos. A sua criação em 1998 foi seguida por uma expansão dos recursos com essa finalidade. Nos anos 2000, houve uma ampliação desses recursos especialmente com a resolução n. 460 do CCFGTS e o programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. O fundo continuou a subsidiar a habitação social também em meio a um contexto de políticas guiadas pela austeridade no âmbito federal a partir de 2012.
Das zonas francas e sua importância na atualidade: os exemplos de Manaus e a Terra do Fogo
Authors: Costa Nara Shirley de Sousa
Published: August 2020

Resumo No contexto em que se discute, no plano da política econômica nacional, a extinção da Zona Franca de Manaus– ZFM sob o pretexto dos seus custos fiscais, o presente estudo mostra a existência de várias zonas francas existentes pelo mundo. Tal compreensão permite verificar como uma forma específica de articulação entre diversos agentes sociais contribui na constituição de lugares-chave para a transnacionalização do capital. A ZFM e a Área Aduaneira Especial da Terra do Fogo – AAE/TDF mostram que cumpriram seus objetivos primordiais referentes à ocupação e à modernização com impactos de várias ordens. Contudo a interrogação que se faz é qual o sentido da existência desses mecanismos no contexto contemporâneo.
Participação popular e gestão democrática – Salvador como metáfora
Authors: Carvalho Inaiá Maria Moreira , Santos Maria Elisabete Pereira dos
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo discute como se processa a participação popular na elaboração dos planos diretores nas cidades brasileiras, definidos como instrumentos de democratização da gestão da res publica, abordando o caso de Salvador. Trata-se de refletir sobre os limites e as possibilidades do exercício da democracia no atual contexto de peemedebização da política. Fundamentam essa reflexão conceitos como o de participação, direito à cidade e democracia, e as fontes de pesquisa utilizadas foram documentos oficiais e entrevistas semidirigidas. O trabalho conclui com a tese de que o recente avanço no processo de democratização da construção do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano encontra limites na persistente situação de desigualdade, na radicalização da instrumentalização da participação, na captura do poder público por interesses privados e no esquecimento da política.
Instrumento de Avaliação Fonológica (INFONO): estudo piloto
Authors: Ceron Marizete Ilha , Gubiani Marileda Barichello , Oliveira Camila Rosa de , Keske-Soares Márcia
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a adequação dos itens propostos para o Instrumento de Avaliação Fonológica (INFONO) quanto ao reconhecimento e à produção da palavra-alvo, bem como analisar a consistência interna dos itens selecionados e comparar entre as variáveis sexo, tipo de escola e desenvolvimento fonológico (típico e atípico). Método: Participaram 48 crianças (n=26 com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e n=22 com desenvolvimento fonológico atípico) categorizadas por: idade (seis faixas etárias de 3 a 8 anos e 11 meses); tipo de escola (pública e privada), e sexo (feminino e masculino). Utilizou-se o INFONO por nomeação espontânea para a coleta dos dados da fala. Analisou-se o percentual de reconhecimento e produção dos itens (n=116), as dificuldades de reconhecimento destes, a consistência interna para o total de itens, e o desempenho das crianças (n=84), considerando as variáveis sexo, tipo de escola e desenvolvimento fonológico. Resultados: A maioria dos itens apresentou um percentual de reconhecimento alto, sendo estes considerados adequados para compor o INFONO. Algumas imagens precisaram ser reelaboradas para facilitar a produção espontânea do alvo e outras foram excluídas do instrumento. O instrumento demonstrou excelente consistência interna dos itens. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis sexo e tipo de escola, mas sim quanto ao desenvolvimento fonológico. Conclusão: O INFONO permitiu a correta identificação das imagens e a produção do alvo desejado. Ainda, obteve-se uma quantidade mínima de itens que possibilitam a avaliação de todos os fonemas do Português Brasileiro em diferentes posições na sílaba e na palavra, e esses itens apresentaram excelente consistência interna.
Blind test comparison of wave–structure interactions: a non-linear Froude–Krylov modelling approach
Authors: Giorgi Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

One of the essential stepping stones for reaching economic viability and industrial feasibility of the wave energy conversion sector is the effectiveness of the device design, which is dependent, among others, on the accuracy of mathematical models used for development. Despite being more than 45 years old, modelling is not mature yet and there is still a clear lack of standardisation of modelling techniques, and a need for increasing confidence in hydrodynamic models. The objective of the Collaborative Computational Project in Wave Structure Interaction is to critically compare and evaluate various different modelling techniques, under the same shared experimental conditions, and using clearly pre-defined metrics. This paper details a contribution implementing, in a computationally efficient way, non-linear Froude–Krylov forces and non-linear kinematics, with the goal to define a medium–high fidelity model, able to compute at a small fraction of the computational time typically required by fully non-linear models. The case study considers survivability-like wave conditions, represented by three steep focused waves, particularly challenging to be modelled using potential theory-based mathematical models. Despite a poor representation in pitch/surge, a good agreement with experimental heave response and mooring load is found, at small computation time, close to real-time computation.
Determination of bacteria in Corbicula fluminea tissue using 16S rRNA gene sequences
Authors: Eh Rak Aweng , Han Dee Koh , Appalasamy Suganthi , Nasir Siti Nor Aini Md , Zaki Bibi Zafirah
Published: August 2020

Corbicula fluminea is a highly consumed traditional snack by the locals in Kelantan, Malaysia. However, the consumption is suspected to be a cause of diarrhoeal disease that originated from bacterial contamination in C. fluminea tissue. Poor handling and unhygienic processing were hypothesised to contribute largely to the bacterial contamination. Hence, this study aims to compare the bacterial community in C. fluminea tissue at each processing stage to determine the root of contamination source in C. fluminea tissue. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the hypervariable regions V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene from bacterial DNA isolated from C. fluminea tissue. The communities at each processing stage were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform and then analysed using the Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2 pipeline. The sequencing regions were examined using the Silva v132 reference database. A total of 4 195 108 raw reads were obtained from six bacterial DNA samples of C. fluminea, and the assembled reads were assigned to 888 amplicon sequence variants. Proteobacteria (87.8%), Firmicutes (8%) and Bacteroidetes (3.1%) were the most dominant groups at the phylum level, while Aeromonas (47%), Klebsiella (15.7%) and Enterobacter (10.1%) were predominant at the genus level. The presence of these pathogenic bacteria in the C. fluminea, especially in the smoking and selling stages indicate unhygienic handling by human during preparation and selling stages and this could pose a health risk to consumers.
Design model for concrete-filled steel tube columns under full and local compression loads
Authors: Ganesh Prabhu Ganapathy , Sundarraja Muthukamatchi Chelliah
Published: August 2020

The structural behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to full and local compression loads was investigated. Experiments were performed on 18 columns with different cross-sectional slenderness ratios. The experimental parameters were the local compression area ratio and the slenderness ratio. The strength index, stiffness and ductility index of the columns were obtained through experimental tests. The results revealed that the local compression area ratio and slenderness ratio are key parameters that considerably affect the strength capacity of columns subjected to full and local compression loads. Design models provided in various international codes and various studies were used to validate the experimental results. Furthermore, the suitability of these design models for predicting the strength capacity of columns subjected to full and local compression loads was examined. Finally, through regression analysis, a simplified design model was developed for predicting the strength capacity of columns under full and local compression loads.
Fire safety engineering principles applied to a multi-storey steel building
Authors: Possidente Luca , Weiss Alessandro , de Silva Donatella , Pustorino Sandro , Nigro Emidio , Tondini Nicola
Published: August 2020

In this paper, fire safety engineering principles were applied to a steel-framed office building. The case study consisted of a 15-storey steel moment-resisting frame designed in Japan. Once the performance criteria had been defined, two severe fire scenarios for the unprotected structure, implying a different degree of building collapse, were identified and modelled in zone models, OZone and consolidated fire and smoke transport (CFast), as well as in the computational fluid dynamics software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Based on the results of the fire development simulation, several finite-element thermo-mechanical analyses were performed with SAFIR. OZone and CFast models, which are much less computationally demanding, provided comparable failure mode and time with respect to FDS. Since the steel frame was seismically designed as a moment-resisting frame in the two main horizontal building directions, the columns were particularly stocky. Moreover, they were only partially heated because they were located on the compartment edges. For these reasons, columns did not exhibit failure, in contrast to the assumptions taken in the risk-ranking process in relation to the evaluation of the consequences, suggesting a revision of such estimations and a possible iterative procedure for the definition of critical fire scenarios for the structure.
La importancia de la información en los procesos de integración: herramientas útiles para su desarrollo eficaz
Authors: Gavaldá Joaquín , Gaudio Tomas
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo profundizar sobre la importancia de la información en los procesos regionales y mostrar cómo desde las diferencias que entendemos fundamentales entre dos sistemas de integración: el Mercado Común del Sur y la Unión Europea, puede gestarse el escenario para que el conocimiento de la existencia del Mercosur se desarrolle en la población, con miras a consolidar aún más este proceso, mediante el uso de mensajes eficaces, produciendo así una consciencia mercosureña que genere adhesión y conjugación de voluntades a nivel región.
Acuerdo de asociación entre la Unión Europea y el MERCOSUR, un análisis de las medidas comerciales establecidas en el sector agroalimentario
Authors: De Angelis Fabrizio , Medina Perez Lourdes
Published: August 2020

El 28 de junio de 2019 la UE y el MERCOSUR llegaron a un compromiso para la firma de un Acuerdo de Asociación Comercial. En el ámbito agroalimentario, el Acuerdo de Asociación establece una serie de instrumentos para impulsar el intercambio de productos entre los dos bloques regionales. Entre las medidas negociadas para impulsar el comercio entre las dos regiones está la disminución programada de las tarifas y el uso transparente de las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias. Aunque las negociaciones tomaron un plazo muy largo debido, entre otros motivos, al desacuerdo sobre temas como las cuotas de exportación hacia la UE de carne bovina del MERCOSUR y la protección en los países del MERCOSUR de las Indicaciones Geográficas registradas en la UE, el Acuerdo de Asociación resulta ser un logro mayor por abarcar un mercado de casi 780 millones de consumidores. Los beneficios a largo plazo del acuerdo para el sector agroalimentario son todavía dudosos, sin embargo, la asociación comercial entre los dos bloques regionales es vista también como un impulso hacia una mayor integración económica y una diversificación de los procesos productivos de los países del MERCOSUR y para que la UE tome medidas para reformar su política agrícola.
Food Security Measures and Labor Regulations in the EU-MERCOSUR Agreement: An Overview of the Legal Challenges
Authors: Pucheta Mauro , Álvarez Alonso César , Ruiz Macho Carlos
Published: August 2020

In June 2019, the European Union and Mercosur reached a political agreement in order to sign a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA), which aims to increase interregional trade and to further develop cooperation in non-commercial areas, such as food security and labor regulations. The EU has a normative power through which it intends to export its values and standards. Upon the ratification of this agreement, MERCOSUR and its Member States will certainly need to reform their legal orders so as to align themselves with the food security international standards such as the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties. It may also have an impact upon intellectual property regulations. Labor standards constitute another key aspect of the non-commercial interests of this agreement. In order to avoid social dumping, the EU may require MERCOSUR Member States to ratify ILO Conventions such as the 87 – which has not been ratified by Brazil yet – in order to guarantee a level playing field. Since the final text is currently being discussed, the impact of this agreement will largely depend upon the political will of both parties.
La necesidad de la aplicación del principio de transparencia en la puesta en práctica del acuerdo Unión Europea-MERCOSUR
Authors: Molina del Pozo Carlos Francisco
Published: August 2020

Tras más de 20 años de reuniones y deliberaciones, el 28 de junio de 2019, la UE y el MERCOSUR concluyeron las negociaciones del Acuerdo de Asociación, el cual presenta como beneficios generales los siguientes: primero, el fortalecimiento de vínculos políticos, culturales y económicos; segundo, la creación de un entorno económico, normativo e institucional de acuerdo con la realidad actual y que transmita confianza, dándose oportunidades de inversión; tercero, la promoción de la integración entre las regiones y el desarrollo de las economías; cuarto, la previsión de adaptación de determinados plazos para las empresas, comprometiéndose la UE a eliminar sus aranceles con carácter previo.
A inadequação das teorias integracionistas eurocêntricas para analisar o MERCOSUL
Authors: Kyosen Renato Obikawa
Published: August 2020

Cada projeto de integração regional possui um embasamento histórico, político e econômico muito específico. A experiência integracionista europeia é única. Do mesmo modo é o caso do MERCOSUL. As reflexões teóricas gestadas na ambiência do Bloco Europeu são de valia limitada para a análise do projeto de integração sul-americano. As teses eurocêntricas que propugnam a importância da supranacionalidade das instituições regionais, com o consequente compartilhamento de parcelas de soberania de seus respectivos países membros, não se compatibilizam com os sistemas de governo sul-americanos nem com o seu contexto político. Ademais, as distorções socioeconômicas existentes entre os países do MERCOSUL demandariam instrumentais políticos específicos e focalizados, próprios de medidas contingenciais tomadas por Estados soberanos. A arquitetura e o funcionamento intergovernamental do MERCOSUL podem ser criticados, evidentemente, porém, a utilização de categorias teóricas eurocêntricas para a sua análise exige certa cautela.
Permanencia de los sistemas democráticos en los Estados miembros del MERCOSUR y de la UNIÓN EUROPEA como condición para formar parte de la integración regional
Authors: El Eter Leandro Omar
Published: August 2020

Tanto el MERCOSUR como la Unión Europea exigen a sus Estados miembros que poseen sistemas democráticos en sus derechos internos. Dicha práctica es una condición sine qua non la adhesión a los procesos de integración americanos y europeos. Lo mismo sucede con otros procesos tales como la Comunidad de Estados Caribeños (CARICOM) o la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA). Empero, existen organismos tales como la Liga de Países de Árabes que no cumplen dicho requisito, lo que muestra que dicha exigencia no es extensiva a todas las regiones. La Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) y los tratados internacionales regulan la protección de los derechos humanos y la democracia como forma de gobierno. Dicha influencia jurídica fue tomada por la mayoría de los Estados (con excepciones) y existe una suerte de conciencia universal sumada a una convicción ética y moral.
Late seasonal occurrence of the spotted wing pest in new invaded area
Authors: MARIYCHUK Ruslan , KOZERETSKA Iryna , SERGA Svitlana , Manko Peter , Obona Jozef
Published: August 2020

The results of two years (2018-2019) monitoring of pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) in the fruit ripening season in whole Ukraine are presented. The observations suggest that individuals of this species were recorded only at the end of the growing season (August–October) and only in western part of Ukraine (Transcarpathian region). We assume that the invasion of spotted wing fly is only beginning in this area and observed result is only a consequence of gradual adaptation of this pests to new conditions. We also assume that late occurrence of D. suzukii only reflects the presence of suitable food / fruit for the larvae at the end of the growing season. Several theoretical conclusions and hypotheses are briefly presented. It is therefore very important to focus on monitoring of this pest, as well as to study for factors that may affect its invasion.
Bilateral polysegmentary pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in a transplanted liver recipient
Authors: Ishenko Roman V. , Golovincki Sergei V. , Akhmedianov Artur R. , Voskanyan Sergei E. , Kolyshev Ilya Yu.
Published: August 2020

Background. In December 2019, the humanity met a previously unknown infectious disease (COVID-19) caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. An important role in the treatment of COVID-19 belongs to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. In this regard, the cases of the disease in patients undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy, for example, organ transplant recipients, are of particular interest. We present our clinical observation of COVID-19 in a liver recipient patient, which, apparently, is the first in the Russian Federation.
Clinical case description A 54-year-old man, 10 years ago at the A.I. Burnazyan Center underwent transplantation of the right lobe of the liver after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma, T2N0M0, and due to liver cirrhosis as a result of НСV hepatitis. At the time of hospitalization, he had been constantly receiving immunosuppressive monotherapy with everolimus. The patient was transferred to an infectious disease hospital due to a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. No signs of respiratory failure were found upon admission. Subsequently, a mild course of COVID-19 was observed, without signs of an acute inflammatory reaction, with normal CRP values and a slight increase of ferritin. 7 days after the treatment, the patient was discharged for outpatient observation.
Conclusion. This clinical case is of interest not only by the success of the treatment of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient a recipient of a liver transplant, but also by the fact that the disease manifested itself primarily as a transient increase in hepatic aminotransferases, which can be attributed to the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.
21 OVARIOTOMY
Authors: Krassovsky A. Ya.
Published: August 2020

№ 152. Colloid unilocular cyst of the right ovary without adhesions. Recovery.

A.N. Shch., A peasant woman in the Yaroslavl province, was admitted to the Maryinsky Gynecological Department on March 17, 1888 with a complaint of heaviness in the abdomen and pain in the lower back.
THE CASE OF THE CESARIAN SECTION
Authors: Mazurkevich A. K.
Published: August 2020

On November 4, 1891, at 4.10 a.m., a woman in labor, a bourgeois woman Luiza Bachman, 29 years old, weakly built, malago, 138 sant. times, with flowing waters and weak labor pains.
Influence of the mother on the fetus
Authors: Hermonius A.
Published: August 2020

The influence of maternal impressions on the fetus has long been subjected to ridicule and belonged to the "woman's tales". However, in recent times, this issue is again gaining scientific interest, and since a scientific solution to it is probably not yet close, it is necessary, at least according to Ballantyn's opinion, to prove that this influence really exists.
Comparative evaluation of different methods of care for the umbilical cord
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: August 2020

At the suggestion of the author in the Maternity Department of the Transcaucasian Midwife Institute since 1887, the following method of caring for the umbilical cord has been used: 1) bandaging the umbilical cord with an antiseptic paper or silk cord (preserved after an hour of boiling in an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride 1: 500 in alcohol 1: 500. 1000): 2) washing the remainder of the umbilical cord with a 21/2% solution. carbolic acid, wrapped in absorbent cotton wool (the remainder is then placed on the left side of the abdomen, covered with carbolic acid gauze, with two layers of plain cotton wool and bandaged).
On the question of retroperitoneal peduncle care according to Chrobak
Authors: Hermonius A.
Published: August 2020

The extraperitoneal method of treatment with the pedicle in supravaginal amputations of the uterus has significant advantages over intraperitoneal; however, there are also dark sides behind it that fully justify the desire to combine the immersion of the legs (Stielversenkung) with the favorable results of the extraperitoneal method.
On the statistics of cases of native healing of complex uterine fibroids
Authors: Golov A. P.
Published: August 2020

Nun L., 43 years old, in the monastery since the age of 14. Monthly from 15 years, after 3 weeks for 8-4 days, the day before the curves and during their severe pain: blood is scarce and pale. The author has known the patient since 1884; She turned to him many times for advice about severe abdominal pain, constipation, bleeding and throat pain, but did not allow herself to be examined. The author could only notice that the patient's abdomen was enlarged and that this enlargement was progressing.
About the meaning of gynecological massage
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: August 2020

The number of opponents of gynecological massage is quite large, despite the fact that the latter in many cases gives brilliant results. This circumstance, in the opinion of the author, does not in the least harm the case, since it forces the use of massage with caution, on the basis of firmly established indications.
gCAPjoint, A Software Package for Full Moment Tensor Inversion of Moderately Strong Earthquakes with Local and Teleseismic Waveforms
Authors: Bai Qipeng , Ni Sidao , Chu Risheng , Jia Zhe
Published: August 2020

Earthquake moment tensors and focal depths are crucial to assessing seismic hazards and studying active tectonic and volcanic processes. Although less powerful than strong earthquakes (M 7+), moderately strong earthquakes (M 5–6.5) occur more frequently and extensively, which can cause severe damages in populated areas. The inversion of moment tensors is usually affected by insufficient local waveform data (epicentral distance <5°) in sparse seismic networks. It would be necessary to combine local and teleseismic data (epicentral distance 30°–90°) for a joint inversion. In this study, we present the generalized cut-and-paste joint (gCAPjoint) algorithm to jointly invert full moment tensor and centroid depth with local and teleseismic broadband waveforms. To demonstrate the effectiveness and explore the limitations of this algorithm, we perform case studies on three earthquakes with different tectonic settings and source properties. Comparison of our results with global centroid moment tensor and other catalog solutions illustrates that both non-double-couple compositions of the focal mechanisms and centroid depths can be reliably recovered for very shallow (<10  km) earthquakes and intermediate-depth events with this software package.
Validity of Resolving the 785 km Discontinuity in the Lower Mantle with P′P′ Precursors?
Authors: Zhang Baolong , Zeng Xiangfang , Xie Jun , Cormier Vernon F.
Published: August 2020

P ′ P ′ precursors have been used to detect discontinuities in the lower mantle of the Earth, but some seismic phases propagating along asymmetric ray paths or scattered waves could be misinterpreted as reflections from mantle discontinuities. By forward modeling in standard 1D Earth models, we demonstrate that the frequency content, slowness, and decay with distance of precursors about 180 s before P′P′ arrival are consistent with those of the PKPPdiff phase (or PdiffPKP) at epicentral distances around 78° rather than a reflection from a lower mantle interface. Furthermore, a beamforming technique applied to waveform data recorded at the USArray demonstrates that PKPPdiff can be commonly observed from numerous earthquakes. Hence, a reference 1D Earth model without lower mantle discontinuities can explain many of the observed P′P′ precursors signals if they are interpreted as PKPPdiff, instead of P′785P′. However, this study does not exclude the possibility of 785 km interface beneath the Africa. If this interface indeed exists, P′P′ precursors at distances around 78° would better not be used for its detection to avoid interference from PKPPdiff. Indeed, it could be detected with P′P′ precursors at epicentral distances less than 76° or with other seismic phases such as backscattered PKP·PKP waves.
Los blogs dentro del turismo 2.0
Authors: Filgueira Gomis Juan Marcos
Published: August 2020

Las nuevas tecnologías aparecidas con la Web 2.0 tienen su aplicación en el mundo del turismo y los viajes dando lugar al denominado Turismo 2.0 del que los blogs son un elemento fundamental. Los blogs suponen una innovación en las estrategias de marketing para empresas e instituciones que ofertan servicios turísticos del mismo modo que representan un nuevo conjunto de herramientas para los usuarios de dichos servicios. Estas posibilidades y herramientas se plasman con diferentes formas dentro de la Blogosfera.
Intervenir en las preocupaciones sociales. Una reflexión sobre la corporate social responsibility en el turismo en Italia
Authors: Romita Tullio
Published: August 2020

En el mundo “opulento” en el que hoy vivimos, se estabilizan, en lugar de desaparecer,los miedos y las ansias, las incertidumbres de las personas relacionadas con el futuro y la seguridad propia, y de la familia y los hijos, porque perciben una pérdida de garantías y tutelas sociales (educación, salud, trabajo, etc.) conquistadas a lo largo del tiempo, y también se debilitan -en lugar de reforzarse- las posibilidades de intervención del Estado social, en contraste con el desarrollo salvaje de la economía impuesta por los actores privados y donde se multiplican los trabajadores globalizados y descontentos, obligados a operar en una situación de creciente flexibilidad, movilidad, riesgo e incertidumbre. Para solucionar el problema es necesaria una profunda reflexión sobre los problemas y los valores relacionados con la forma de actuar humana. Hay que destacar como central la cuestión del respeto de los principios de la justicia y de los individuos, que el problema es de tipo ético, tanto a nivel preceptivo como descriptivo, lo que quiere decir “la totalidad de normas de conducta pública y privada seguidas por las personas”. La Unión Europea, a través de un largo y en parte tortuoso recorrido, ha identificado en la ética de la empresa una de las cuestiones prioritarias en las que intervenir, tratando de promoverla en los países de la Unión. Este es el objeto de análisis de este trabajo, con especial referencia a la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en el sector del turismo en Italia
Turismo accesible como ejemplo de responsabilidad social en las empresas y destinos turísticos. El caso de Lousã (Portugal)
Authors: Kastenholz Elisabeth , Galán Ladero María de las Mercedes
Published: August 2020

La responsabilidad social, entendida como una nueva cultura empresarial basada en la gestión ética, puede servir como cauce para mejorar la competitividad y la reputación de las empresas turísticas, respondiendo así a las crecientes demandas de la sociedad en general y de los consumidores en particular. En este contexto surge el concepto de “turismo sostenible”, que trata de ofrecer una experiencia digna y enriquecedora al turista, al mismo tiempo que trata de responder a la creciente preocupación por los impactos negativos del turismo en las áreas de destino. El “turismo accesible” se encuadra en este marco, una modalidad de oferta turística integrada que permite a todos disfrutar de experiencias turísticas “sin barreras”. Esta modalidad de turismo no sólo permite a las empresas una especialización (y, por tanto, una mejor satisfacción del mercado de personas con discapacidad), sino también les permite mostrar una imagen más humana, conseguir una reputación de empresa turística socialmente responsable,lo cual puede constituir una importante ventaja competitiva. En este artículo nos centramos en el caso de Lousã, un municipio portugués que ha apostado por el turismo accesible como estrategia de cualificación y diferenciación del destino, como estrategia de desarrollo y posicionamiento en un entorno crecientemente competitivo. Esta apuesta ha dinamizado numerosas iniciativas y nuevos caminos de colaboración entre diversos agentes (públicos y privados), ofreciendo oportunidades muy interesantes en un contexto de desarrollo de los territorios que busca no excluir a nadie.
Desde Aztlán a Wiricuta: la peregrinación viva de los Huicholes
Authors: De la Tejera Segura Enrique
Published: August 2020

Dentro de la mitología Mexicana, los aztecas elevaron sus procesiones a sus Dioses como Huitzilopochtli, Coatlicue, Tláloc, Quetzalcóatl y Tezcatlipoca. Pero existe un culto dominante sobre los demás Dioses Aztecas como el Dios Huitzilopochtli quien transmitió la revelación profética para emprender la gran peregrinación a Tenochtitlan y que inspiró este gran viaje a través de generaciones a la etnia Huichol del Estado de Nayarit, (origen de la antigua Aztlán).
Propranolol decreases DRD3 and SLC1A2 gene expression in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Kandemir Nefise , Gultekin Murat , Kara Mehmet , Bayram Arslan , Tascioglu Nazife , Mirza Meral , Dundar Munis
Published: August 2020

BackgroundEssential tremor (ET) is the most common disease among movement disorders. Genes such as essential tremor 1-4 (ETM 1-4), HS1-binding protein-3 (HS1BP3), dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 (LINGO1), glial high affinity glutamate transporter member 2 (SLC1A2), FUS, high temperature requirement A2 (HTRA2) and TENM4 had been shown to be responsible for the genetic inheritance of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of propranolol on the expression of DRD3, SLC1A2, and HTRA2 genes in patients with ET.MethodsA study of non-randomized experimental design was conducted involving 76 subjects. They were divided into two groups: 38 patients with ET in the patient group (Group 1) and 38 healthy people in the control group (Group 2). DRD3, SLC1A2 and HTRA2 gene expressions were assessed before and after 8 weeks of propranolol treatment. Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale results were compared before and after propranolol administration. Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine differences in gene expressions between the groups.ResultsD3 dopamine receptor and SLC1A2 gene expression in the patient group appeared to be lower than in the control group (p<0.001). However, the HTRA2 gene expression level was significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001). Conclusion D3 dopamine receptor and SLC1A2 gene expressions were decreased in ET patients which at first glance can be explained in relation to etiology, but after treatment it was not increased as expected but decreased even more.
Bipolar disorder increases the risk of poor sleep quality among senior high school students
Authors: Hasan Surilena , Junardi Christopher Yovan
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder commonly experience sleeping problems. On the other hand, sleep disturbances have been suggested as one of the symptoms that indicate the development of bipolar disorder. Considering the detrimental effect of bipolar disorder, especially in young people, this study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and risk of bipolar disorder in senior high school students. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 725 senior high school students. The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI ICD-10), Hypomania/Mania Symptom Checklist (HCL-32), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Univariate and bivariate (simple logistic regression) analyses were performed to evaluate the relation between sleep quality and the risk of bipolar disorder.ResultsAround 28% of subjects were at risk of bipolar disorder, of which 96.6% were prone to type I, and the rest were type II. Most of the participants with bipolar disorder (64%) had poor sleep quality. The percentage of participants with type I bipolar disorder that had poor sleep quality was higher than that of type II (65.3% and 28.6%, respectively). There was a significant relationship between bipolar disorder and sleep quality (OR = 2.2; 95% CI=1.581-3.087; p=0.000). ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that in senior high school students, bipolar disorder increased the risk of poor sleep quality. Assessment of sleep disturbances routinely in psychiatric interviews may improve sleep quality. Keywords: Bipolar disorder, sleep quality, senior high school student
Mucin-1 expression in endometrium is higher in polycystic ovary syndrome than in normal women
Authors: Budihastuti Uki Retno , Sulistyowati Sri , Melinawati Eriana , Marbun Yohan Pamuji
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is caused by endocrine system dysfunction in women. MUCIN-1 (MUC-1) expression is found in endometrial tissues, which leads to implantation process dysfunction because of imbalance of trophoblast adhesion process. This study was conducted to compare endometrial MUC-1 expression between PCOS and normal women considering all existing external variables.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in General Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Endometrial samples were obtained from 30 infertile PCOS women based on Rotterdam criteria, and 30 normal women. Life style and reproductive data such as age, menstrual problems, menstrual cycle, age at menarche, and BMI were collected. Subjects underwent endometrial biopsy in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion phase LH + 5 days to LH + 10 days for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of MUC-1 expression. An independent-t and multiple linear regression test were used to analyze the data at significance level of p<0.05. ResultsMean MUC-1 expression in the PCOS endometrium (49.66 ± 47.79) was significantly higher than in normal women (7.66 ± 14.55) (p=0.03). Multivariate linear regression model of life style and reproductive variables with MUC-1 showed that PCOS (b=29.54; 95% CI 9.57-49.49; p=0.004) and BMI (b= 29.99; 95% CI 5.91-54.07; p=0.001) significantly increase MUC-1 expression. PCOS (Beta=0.37) was more important than BMI (Beta=0.30) in increasing the MUC-1 expression. ConclusionExpression of MUC-1 levels in the PCOS endometrium was higher than in normal women. This suggests that MUC-1 contributes to the unexplained reproductive failure in PCOS.
Low neutrophil-to-lmphocyte ratio decreases risk of coronavirus disease in pregnant women
Authors: Anggraini Nutria Widya Purna , Sulistyowati Sri
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUNDCoronavirus Infection 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergency condition for global public health. Early detection of COVID-19 in pregnant women is needed. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as a marker of viral inflammatory response, is used to determine the presence of a viral or bacterial infection, both acute and chronic. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between NLR and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab test results in pregnant women with suspected coronavirus disease 2019.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted on 9 pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. The subjects were inpatients at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from 19 April-19 May 2020, who had rapid tests, complete blood examinations, and PCR swab tests. The NLR was categorized based on early warning scores according to research developed at Zhejiang University, with cut-off point 5.8. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR swab tests. Relation between NLR   and PCR swab results was analyzed by the prevalence ratio.RESULTSTwo patients (22.2%) had NLR >5.8, with positive swab results in both (100%). Seven patients with NLR <5.8 had positive swabs in only one (33.3%). The relationship between NLR and PCR swab test results showed a prevalence ratio of 0.143 (95% CI 0.023-0.877).CONCLUSIONPregnant women with NLR < 5.8 had a decreased risk of COVID-19. Routine blood examination is more suitable for finding pregnant women with suspected COVID-19.
Immunopathological study of crescentic glomerulonephritis with special reference to antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies
Authors: Sharma Priyankar , Gahoi Khushboo , Usha  , Nongphud Mary June , Mishra J K
Published: August 2020

Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (CGN) is produced by many factors like Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA), Anti Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies (Anti GBM Ab) or immune complexes (IC). Aim of the study was to see prevalence of ANCA in CGN and subtypes of CGN.

Total 50 cases of CGN were studied from February 2016 to July 2017. All auto antibodies (ANCA, ANA, DNA) were performed by ELISA method. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue was used for histopathology.

In 50 cases of CGN (26 males, 24 females) age range was 13 – 86 years. ANCA was positive in 72%. About 60% cases were of Type III (Pauci-immune) followed by Type IV (combined type 1 and type 3), Type V (ANCA, immune-complex and anti GBM negative) (12% each), Type I (Anti GBM Ab mediated) and Type II (immune complex mediated) (8% each).

About 14% patients were below 14 years of age, 52% were between 21 to 40 years, 24% were between 41 to 60 years and 10% were above 61 years of age.

In Type III CGN, 53.33% were MPO positive, 40% were PR3 positive and 6.7% were both MPO and PR3 positive, while in Type IV CGN, 83.33% were MPO positive and 16.66% were PR3 positive. Small vessel vasculitis was found in 83.3% of the patients of Type V, 69.9% patients of Type III and 50% of patients of Type I and Type IV and 25% of patients of Type II CGN. Vasculitis of medium sized blood vessels was seen in 50% of Type IV, 20% of Type III CGN, 25% of Type I and 16.7% of Type V CGN.

About 41 cases of CGN, suspected highly for small vessel vasculitis, were subjected for CD34 staining. In H&E stain, only 58% of the cases showed vasculitis and peritubular capillaritis; but after CD 34 staining, all cases showed arteriolitis and peritubular capillaritis. About 33.33% of Type IV and 26.6% of Type III had granulomas in glomeruli; while 26.6% of Type III, 25% of Type I and IV each, 16% of Type IV and V each had granulomas in interstitium. Two cases (66.6%) of Type III had granulomas in blood vessels. Out of 50 cases of CGN, 14 cases (28%) after investigations turned out to be cases of Lupus nephritis with ANCA positivity in 85.5% of the cases. MPO ANCA was positive in 50%, PR3 ANCA in 28.57% and in one case both ANCA and anti GBM Ab were positive.

Granulomatous Polyangitis (GPA) was seen in 8 cases while Eosinophilic Granulomatous Polyangitis (EGPA) was found in one case and rest of the cases were of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). PR3 ANCA was positive in 87.5% cases of GPA, whereas in EGPA, MPO ANCA was positive.

SLE can also be associated with ANCA mediated CGN. ANCA produces small vessel vasculitis which can be better visualised after CD34 staining. Detection of ANCA will help the clinicians for planning aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.
Miejsce i funkcje szkoły w budowaniu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego
Authors: Chałas Krystyna , Kaczmarczyk Wojciech
Published: August 2020

W literaturze pojęcie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego jest rozumiane w dwóch znaczeniach: jako norma idealna i jako pewna rzeczywistość społeczna (Mariański, 2008, s. 143). J. Mariański zwraca uwagę, że w pierwszym znaczeniu społeczeństwo obywatelskie postrzegane jest jako ,,pewien ideał, wartość i norma określonego porządku społecznego, według której ocenia się realnie istniejące społeczeństwa” (tamże). Społeczeństwo obywatelskie w drugim znaczeniu odpowiada temu, co pozostając poza strukturami instytucji państwowych, znajduje wyraz w oddolnej inicjatywie zwyczajnych obywateli. Obejmuje rozmaite formy zorganizowanej działalności obywatelskiej w formach stowarzyszeń, zrzeszeń, towarzystw dobroczynnych, fundacji, kół, rad, komitetów, ruchów ochotniczych spółdzielni socjalnych itp.

Podstawowym warunkiem budowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego jest poszanowanie godności osoby, ugruntowanie obywatelskiej postawy duchowej, potrzeba i umiejętność angażowania się, rozwiązywanie problemów społecznych i obywatelskich, umiejętność grupowej aktywności obywatelskiej na rzecz praw cywilnych, politycznych, socjalnych, przeświadczenie o ważności wartości i cnót obywatelskich i gotowość ich urzeczywistniania.

W powyższym kontekście wyrasta podstawowe pytanie: jakie jest miejsce i funkcja szkoły w budowaniu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego? W przedstawionym materiale została podjęta próba określenia miejsca szkoły w społeczeństwie obywatelskim rozumianym jako fakt społeczny oraz określenia funkcji, jakie może/ powinna spełniać szkoła, by przygotować młodych ludzi do budowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.