bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing Renal Biopsies for Diagnostic mRNA Quantification
Authors: EIKMANS MICHAEL , BAELDE HANS J. , DE HEER EMILE , BRUIJN JAN ANTHONIE
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to improve a procedure for the extraction and storage of RNA from minute quantities of human renal tissue in clinical practice, using kidney biopsies and cadaveric donor kidneys unsuitable for transplantation. Collagen α1(IV) mRNA was analyzed as a measure for RNA integrity. The results show that at least 3 h may pass between microdissecting the renal tissue and the onset of cDNA synthesis without degradation of the glomerular mRNA. To extract the glomerular mRNA, microdissected glomeruli were incubated in a permeabilization solution. Treating glomeruli with collagenase IV before permeabilization had a deteriorating effect on the mRNA yield. The addition of reverse transcription mixture to the permeabilization solution in the presence of the glomeruli resulted in the highest cDNA yields. Storage of glomerular tissue in the presence of Nonidet P-40-based buffer for 1 wk at -70°C did not significantly affect the mRNA, but storage for 2 or 4 wk resulted in deterioration of the mRNA by approximately 40 and 95%, respectively. Furthermore, three methods for total RNA isolation from microdissected interstitial tissue were compared. An approximately 2.5 times higher yield of collagen α1(IV) mRNA was obtained with silica gel-based membrane spin technology than with a guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol chloroform or a lithium chloride/phenol chloroform method. Finally, this study shows for the first time reliable detection of collagen α1(IV) mRNA in biopsies that had been frozen for at least 10 yr at -70°C. These experiments have helped to improve a procedure for the processing of glomerular and interstitial tissue acquired from human kidney biopsies for mRNA analysis. This method is suitable for implementation in routine clinical practice.
In Utero and in Vitro Exposure to β-Lactams Impair Kidney Development in the Rat
Authors: NATHANSON SYLVIE , MOREAU EVELYNE , MERLET-BENICHOU CLAUDIE , GILBERT THIERRY
Published: May 2021

β-Lactam antibiotics are widely used because of their lack of toxicity in humans. However, during pregnancy, exposure of the fetus is likely to occur because β-lactam antibiotics cross the placenta. The potential adverse effects of two penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin) and of one cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) were examined in rat kidney development. Two experimental approaches were used: metanephros organ cultures to analyze the direct effect of the drug and maternal treatment to assess the consequences of in utero exposure. For in vitro experiments, metanephroi were removed from 14-d-old fetuses and grown with or without the antibiotic at a concentration ranging from 10 to 1000 μg/ml for 6 d. For in vivo experiments, pregnant rats were treated with penicillin at 100 mg/kg per d for 5 d, a period overlapping early renal organogenesis. Both penicillins alter renal development in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, from a dose of 10 μg/ml for ampicillin and 100 μg/ml for amoxicillin. In young animals exposed to penicillins in utero, a mild oligonephronia was present and cystic tubule dilation was observed in newborn and in young animals as well. Ceftriaxone weakly impairs in vitro nephrogenesis except at the dose of 1000 μg/ml that blocks kidney development completely. No effect on nephron ontogeny was observed following in utero exposure, but an interstitial inflammation was present in the medulla of 2-wk-old rats. In conclusion, these data show that β-lactams, at therapeutic doses, are harmful to fetal rat kidneys.
Sphingomyelinase and Membrane Sphingomyelin Content
Authors: ZAGER RICHARD A. , BURKHART KRISTIN M. , JOHNSON ALI
Published: May 2021

Ceramides acutely accumulate in proximal tubules during injury. Pathogenic relevance of this change is suggested by observations that adding ceramide to tubular cells alters superimposed hypoxic and toxic attack. Ceramide accumulation during cell injury is thought to arise from sphingomyelinase (SMase)-mediated sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis ± decreased catabolism. Thus, ceramide addition to cells cannot precisely simulate pathophysiologic events. Therefore, this study assessed direct effects of SMase activity on tubular cell viability under basal conditions and during superimposed attack. Cultured human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were exposed to differing SMase doses. Its effects on cell phospholipids, ceramides, proliferation rates, and susceptibility to injury (ATP depletion, Fe-mediated oxidant stress) were assessed. Because SMase reduces cell SM content, the effect of exogenous SM on membrane injury (intact cells, isolated vesicles) was also tested. Finally, because SM decreases membrane fluidity, the impact of a fluidizing agent (A2C) on membrane injury (phospholipase A2, lipid peroxidation) was addressed. SMase reduced HK-2 SM content by approximately 33%, but only modest ceramide increments resulted (suggesting high endogenous ceramidase activity). SMase, by itself, caused no cell death (lactate dehydrogenase release). However, it was mildly antiproliferative, and it dramatically predisposed to both ATP depletion- and Fe-mediated attack. SMase also predisposed isolated vesicles to damage, suggesting that its impact on intact cells reflects a direct membrane effect. Adding SM to intact cells (or vesicles) mitigated ATP depletion and Fe- and phospholipase A2-induced damage. In contrast, A2C rendered membranes more vulnerable to attack. SMase predisposes tubular cells to superimposed ATP depletion and oxidant injury. This may be explained by SM losses, and not simply cytotoxic ceramide gains, given that SM can directly decrease cell/membrane damage. The ability of SM to decrease membrane fluidity may explain, at least in part, its cytoprotective effect.
Beyond the tracked line of sight - Evaluation of the peripheral usable field of view in a simulator setting
Authors: Bickerdt Jan , Wendland Hannes , Geisler David , Sonnenberg Jan , Kasneci Enkelejda
Published: May 2021

Combining advanced gaze tracking systems with the latest vehicle environment sensors opens up new fields of applications for driver assistance. Gaze tracking enables researchers to determine the location of a fixation, and under consideration of the visual saliency of the scene, to predict visual perception of objects. The perceptual limits, for stimulus identification, found in literature have mostly been determined in laboratory conditions using isolated stimuli, with a fixed gaze point, on a single screen with limited coverage of the field of view. The found limits are usually reported as hard limits. Such commonly used limits are therefore not applicable to settings with a wide field of view, natural viewing behavior and multi-stimuli.  As handling of sudden, potentially critical driving maneuvers heavily relies on peripheral vision, the peripheral limits for feature perception need to be included in the determined perceptual limits. To analyze the human visual perception of different, simultaneously occurring, object changes (shape, color, movement) we conducted a study with 50 participants, in a driving simulator and we propose a novel way to determine perceptual limits, which is more applicable to driving scenarios.
L’IA et le sens commun
Authors: BESNIER Jean-michel
Published: May 2021

L'intelligence artificielle (IA) serait incapable de concurrencer le sens commun. Telle est la bonne nouvelle qui garantirait à l'humain son avenir et révélerait la vanité de certaines spéculations transhumanistes. Cette annonce justifie qu'on décrive ici les ambitions portées par l'IA ainsi que les obstacles que celles-ci rencontrent. Mais la désillusion ne saurait être totale : remettre l'IA à sa juste place en pourrait aussi servir la cause.
Algorithmes et biais cognitifs
Authors: ISOARD Gilbert
Published: May 2021

Les biais cognitifs, nombreux et aux causes diverses, sont des raccourcis de nos schémas de pensées et provoquent des associations mentales faussement logiques liées à nos perceptions et à un confort de fonctionnement cérébral simplifié. L'avènement de l'usage massif de données statistiques dans des cycles de traitements de type algorithmiques tout aussi volumineux, pose la question de leur fiabilité et de leurs usages en fin de cycle. De fait peu de gens sont capables de décoder leurs contenus et rendre intelligible les écueils sociétaux que cela peut engendrer. Les solutions sont multiformes et ne passeront pas par un principe de précaution au sein des compétitions de tous ordres, mais par l'information tout aussi proportionnelle, l'éducation des acteurs et la facilitation des pouvoirs publics aux meilleurs usages et aux bonnes pratiques, de l'école aux acteurs économiques et aux citoyens. Une société civile qui est de plus en plus orientée par les algorithmes, influant jusqu'à notre imaginaire, et nos pensées traduites en actes quotidiens doit aussi nous alerter sur les dérives potentielles, colorées et augmentées des biais cognitifs, en passant par une éducation et des usages critiques, vigilants, d'une société de l'information baignant dans des flux aux multiples influences.
Algorithmes et recrutement
Authors: RAVEL Guillaume
Published: May 2021

Le recrutement est un acte à fort enjeu pour une organisation, un acte dans lequel les risques d'échec sont bien réels. C'est par ailleurs une activité consommatrice de temps, dans laquelle on poursuit souvent un rêve d'objectivité, couplé à l'illusion que le candidat idéal existe forcément quelque part. Autant d'excellentes raisons pour recourir à l'Intelligence Artificielle et à ses algorithmes afin de gagner en collecte, cadence de traitement, fiabilité et qualité. On traite des usages et outils, de la réalité de ces avantages. On aborde les nouveaux risques qui apparaissent dans une pratique de recrutement basée sur l'IA. Des niches apparaissent, où le bilan pourrait être positif, dans une situation globale où le recours aux algorithmes dans le processus complexe du recrutement parait encore peu usité, peut-être moins efficace et objectif qu'imaginé.
Société civile européenne et enjeux des algorithmes
Authors: PICHENOT Évelyne
Published: May 2021

Aux différentes étapes de la recherche de régulation de l'intelligence artificielle (IA), le Comité économique et social européen, fort de son expérience du consensus entre les Parties prenantes, joue un rôle de relais au niveau européen, pour l'instauration d'un dialogue Science et Société sur ce sujet techniquement complexe aux fortes incidences sociétales. Ce compendium retrace aussi l'approche autonome des Partenaires sociaux au sein du Dialogue social européen qui vise à mesurer l'impact sur les métiers et les emplois de ces innovations technologiques. En parallèle, la société civile européenne veille à faire prendre en compte les principes éthiques de l'IA définis au niveau européen par les organismes internationaux en cours d'élaboration de normes sur l'IA.
Clinical Scales for Peripheral Neuropathy - Revision 2021
Authors: Kim Jee-Eun , Bae Jong Seok
Published: May 2021

Outcome measurements are essential to monitor the clinical course or the treatment response of peripheral neuropathy. Even though there are no designated standard scale for peripheral neuropathy currently, several clinical scales were validated to use for outcome measurements based on many researches. Here, we reviewed clinical scales commonly used and fulfilled clinimetric properties in peripheral neuropathy, especially focusing on inflammatory neuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy). Each scale was classified according to the International Classification of outcome measure model - the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to achieve a comprehensive concept of clinical scale in peripheral neuropathy.
Clinical Scales for the Evaluation of Myopathy Patients
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Choi Young-Chul
Published: May 2021

With the rapid increase in the number of clinical trials in myopathy over the past decade, there is an increasing need for clinical scales to reflect patient’s clinical status. This article outlines the process of identifying possible measures. Detailed consideration has been given to key measures of muscle strength, function, and disability. As well as the usual assessment of the validity and reliability of the measures, three key characteristics were identified as necessary to the assessment of clinical scales used in health care: 1) the type of scale; 2) the clinical significance of the property being measured; and 3) the mathematical properties of the data. Consideration of such aspects facilitates the choice of clinical scales and the interpretation of data.
Clinical Classification and Scales for Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Kim Seung Woo , Shin Ha Young
Published: May 2021

The variable predominance of the affected muscle groups and the fluctuating severity and extent of myasthenia gravis (MG) makes it difficult to assess and classify these patients. With new treatments being developed and applied, it has become more important to properly classify MG patients and objectively evaluate the results of treatment. So far, a number of clinical classification and assessment systems have been proposed and used individually. However, for the comparative analysis, a uniform set of classifications and reliable measurement methods of muscle impairment are necessary. In this article, MG-clinical classification and several MG-specific assessment tools that are widely used are mentioned.
Multicenter Targeted Population Screening of Late Onset Pompe Disease in Unspecified Myopathy Patients in Korea
Authors: Lee Jung Hwan , Shin Jin-Hong , Kim Dae-Seong , Kim Kwang-Kuk , Kim Byoung Joon , Seok Jin Myoung , Sung Jung-Joon , Nam Tai-Seung , Park Young-Eun , Park Jin-Sung , Kim Sook Za , Choi Young-Chul
Published: May 2021

Background: Pompe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment with enzyme replacement therapy have remarkable effects on the prognosis of Pompe disease. We performed the expanded screening for late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) at eight centers in Korea.Methods: From September 1, 2015, GAA activity were measured from both dried blood spot (DBS) and mixed leukocyte for 188 available patients. For 12 patients with low GAA activity, we performed Sanger sequencing of GAA gene.Results: Among 188 patients, 115 were males. The mean of age of symptom onset and diagnosis were 34.3 years and 41.6 years. Among 12 patients with decreased GAA activity, two patients were confirmed to have LOPD with genetic test (c.1316T>A [p.M439K] + c.2015G>A [p.R672Q], c.1857C>G [p.S619R] + c.546G>C [leaky splicing]). Other two patients had homozygous G576S and E689K mutation, known as pseudodeficiency allele.Conclusions: This study is expanded study of LOPD screening for targeted Korean population. We found two patients with LOPD, and the detection rate of LOPD is 1.06%. With application of modified GAA cutoff value (0.4), which was previously reported, there were no false positive results of GAA activity test using DBS. Therefore, it could be an appropriate screening test for LOPD in especially East-Asian population, in which pseudodeficiency allele is frequent.
Pathologically and Genetically Diagnosed Subclinical Symptomatic Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Carrier: Broadened Spectrum of Clinical Phenotype
Authors: Cho Min-Sub , Lee Jong-Mok
Published: May 2021

A 29-year-old female presented with an elevated level of serum creatine kinase without subjective weakness. Neurologic examination showed the subtle motor weakness of the right arm. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophic changes and a mosaic pattern of dystrophin expression. The diagnosis was confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and whole-exome sequencing, revealing heterozygous deletion of exon 44 in the DMD gene. Here, we introduce a subclinical symptomatic Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier, which broadens the clinical spectrum of phenotype.
Devotional Mysticism: An Analogical Study of Hafez-e Shirazi and William Blake
Authors: Oroskhan Muhammad Hussein
Published: May 2021

Mysticism is a method of thinking not wildly shared by the majority of the people around the entire world whereas unique individuals sap at the roots of this concept. Less a coherent movement than a way of thinking, the concept of mysticism is not systematically defined as a firm set of ideas but is more tended to be shaped by the individuals dealing with this concept. In this respect, each person carries this notion in his further exploration on his own accord since the concept is highly individualistic. As such, William Blake directed the concept toward a sort of devotional mysticism emphasizing on the individual's hard effort in achieving unity with God. In a similar manner, Hafez-e Shirazi, a classical Persian poet, undertook more or less the same method in signifying the notion of mysticism to his further investigations in his poems. Hence, through this paper, an attempt is made to explore the poems of these two poets regardless of their different cultural and geographical backgrounds to prove that each poet more or less has applied the same method called devotional mysticism in achieving unification with God. Moreover, the aforementioned research is based on the theoretical framework of comparative literature propounded by Francoise Jost and developed and expanded by Shunqing Cao in their seminal works on comparative literature.
Assessing and Assisting Arab Undergraduates’ Skills in Producing Research Papers in English
Authors: Khorsheed Ranwa
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the results of a study conducted on a group of undergraduates at the Arab International University. The study has assessed the students’ research skills via a qualitative analysis of their earlier research papers submissions and a questionnaire that determined the weaknesses and difficulties they face while writing a paper. Results showed that undergraduates find it most difficult to use and understand English references, paraphrase paragraphs and use in-text citations. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results, the researcher devised a new course that aimed to enhance students’ practice of the main research skills. This course was based on developing student’s information literacy and assigning multiple focused tasks to practice the main research skills. The post course evaluation of students’ achievement showed a notable improvement in their research practices that aided the production of above average quality English research papers.
Problems Encountered by Judges of the Courts of General Jurisdiction in Preparing for the Examination of Administrative Offenses
Authors: Nobel N. A.
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the issues raised by judges of courts of general jurisdiction in the process of preparation for the consideration of administrative offenses. The author highlights the substantive and formal side of the procedural activity of the judge of the court of general jurisdiction at this stage. The current Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences, unlike other procedural codes, carries out fragmentary legal regulation of this issue. The Code on Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation does not contain provisions on the possibility of appealing against (challenging of) the judge’s determination concerning referral of an administrative offense case to proper jurisdiction. The author, on the basis of constitutional provisions, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, argues the stance that determinations on the transfer of administrative cases to proper jurisdiction are subject to an independent appeal (challenge). It is proposed to supplement Art. 29.4 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation with provisions stipulating an opportunity for interested persons to appeal (to challenge) the determinations concerning referral of administrative offenses to proper jurisdiction.
Financial Control over the Implementation of the “Megasience” Class Scientific Projects: Current State and Prospects of Improvement
Authors: Boltinova O. V.
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to financial control exercised over the implementation of “megasience” class scientific projects. In order to create an innovative economy, the State continues to develop research and development, in particular the creation of unique projects of the “megasience” class. Funding for such studies is usually carried out from budgets of various levels of the Russian Federation’s budgetary system as part of priority national projects or federal programs. Therefore, state financial control over the effective and targeted use of funds of the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation gains importance. The paper discusses the current conditions of state financial control over the implementation of scientific projects of the “megasience” class, defines the list of subjects possessing the powers of both internal and external state financial control, highlights their differences and characteristics. The author carries out the analysis of monitoring as one of the activities of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, where emphasis is made on budgetary monitoring. The paper analyzes problems and shortcomings in the implementation of state financial control over the scientific projects. It also describes the features of the current state of state financial control and highlights tendencies of its development and improvement.
An Object of Vindication: Problems of Law Enforcement
Authors: Guseva A. A.
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to examining objects of civil rights in order to establish whether it is possible to subject them to vindication. The paper analyzes such objects as things, “incorporeal things”, non-cash funds, uncertified securities, intellectual property, shares in the authorized capital of limited liability companies, digital rights, cryptocurrency, etc. The author determines the legal nature of the objects under consideration with due regard to the theory of law and legal stances of courts. As a consequence, the author substantiates the relativity of the possibility or impossibility of their vindication under Art. 301 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Also, the author examines the issues of existence of special mechanisms for protection of rights holders of uncertified securities and shares in the authorized capital of limited liability companies to find the interrelation between them and vindication. The paper provides the analysis of judicial practice on the issue of claiming civil law objects from someone else’s illegal possession. Conclusions are drawn as to which objects can be subject to vindication under Art. 301 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which objects can be claimed by analogy of the law and which objects cannot be subjected to vindication.
Projeto Alimentar Mais Desperdiçando Menos: Instigando um olhar sensível do jovem educando para a mitigação do desperdício de alimentos
Authors: Zaro Marcelo
Published: May 2021

O desperdício de alimentos passou a ser discutido com constância em razão da necessidade de se erradicar a fome e de problemas ambientais. Nesse sentido, a UFRGS CLN desenvolveu em escolas municipais de Caxias do Sul/RS, juntamente com a Prefeitura Municipal, a UCS e o Instituto Pampeanos de Preservação Ambiental, um projeto de educação ambiental com foco no combate ao desperdício de alimentos. O projeto contemplou mais de 1.100 estudantes de 6º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental, contando com atividades extracurriculares propostas por um grupo multidisciplinar. Como exemplo, pode ser citado o plantio de hortas nas escolas; a realização de seminários tratando da relação do desperdício de alimentos com o meio ambiente; gincanas; e oficinas de compostagem e culinária. Para a execução das ações, foram selecionadas pela prefeitura cinco escolas com situações de vulnerabilidade social. Do total de indicações das escolas, 84,7% sinalizam que os estudantes se mostraram satisfeitos com as atividades desenvolvidas e 93,7% que os ministrantes foram esclarecedores durante as intervenções. Em relação às informações de estudantes, 50,0% das indicações informam que foram tomadas iniciativas em casa após o início do projeto na escola. Os resultados foram considerados satisfatórios, havendo espaço para aperfeiçoamentos.
Ensino e aprendizagem da educação ambiental: contribuições de disciplinas na Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Battaini Vivian , Sorrentino Marcos , Trovarelli Rachel
Published: May 2021

A partir de 1983, na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, da Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), inicia-se um processo de desenvolvimento da área de educação ambiental, que culmina com a criação, já nos anos 2000, de disciplinas para graduações e pós-graduações. As disciplinas têm em comum a perspectiva de estudantes protagonizarem a sua própria formação como profissionais e cidadãos/cidadãs. Ancoradas em perspectivas teóricas relacionadas ao ambientalismo, utopismo e educação emancipatória, desenvolvem duas técnicas destacadas no presente artigo: Mínima/Máxima Intervenção Possível (MIP) e Diário de Bordo. A pesquisa que fundamenta o presente artigo é qualitativa, utilizando a observação participante, avaliações processuais e intervenções educadoras junto aos estudantes das mencionadas disciplinas. Os resultados demonstraram-se positivos sob o ponto de vista do envolvimento e participação, restando questionamentos sobre o real aprofundamento de conteúdos específicos. É perceptível o desenvolvimento do protagonismo, autonomia e capacidade de articulação de conteúdos e ações nos estudantes. O uso das técnicas citadas sugere favorecer o desenvolvimento de sujeitos comprometidos com transformações de seu território e apresenta-se como proposta de aprimoramento de processos de ensino aprendizagem na educação superior.
A educação ambiental e a valorização do património natural de São Tomé e Príncipe: contributos e desafios para o desenvolvimento local
Authors: B. M. C. Oliveira Mário Acácio , A. P Santos Olga Maria
Published: May 2021

O património natural de São Tomé e Príncipe tem vindo a ser identificado e reconhecido pela comunidade científica, processo em que se tem destacado mais a sua riquíssima diversidade biológica que a geológica, não obstante a sua relativa importância. O relacionamento da comunidade com os recursos naturais do arquipélago tem vindo a intensificar-se e a promover impactos significativos, como o atestam a progressiva depleção da floresta, a erosão costeira e a extração furtiva de inertes, entre outras situações identificadas. Promover um maior e melhor conhecimento do património natural de São Tomé e Príncipe, bem como de modelos de relacionamento mais harmoniosos entre a comunidade e este património, é um desígnio da Educação Ambiental. A Educação Ambiental torna-se promotora da sensibilização, formação, divulgação, promoção e valorização do conhecimento relativo ao património natural/ambiental, tornando-se um veículo de intervenção e desenvolvimento comunitário. Pode contribuir, assim, para o desenvolvimento do arquipélago aos seus vários níveis -abarcando múltiplos atores nesse processo educativo, nomeadamente estabelecimentos de ensino, organizações não-governamentais com preocupações ambientais e de desenvolvimento, ordens profissionais e poder político, entre outros– exigindo também o estabelecimento de uma rede de cooperação/parcerias essencial ao país e à defesa do seu património natural.
A A Educação Ambiental na Comunidade Rural de Ekovongo-Bié/Angola
Authors: Capitango José
Published: May 2021

Ekovongo é uma comunidade rural, cuja população constrói as suas vivências numa estreita relação com a terra e demais elementos que habitam a natureza. Nas últimas décadas Ekovongo tem registado uma degradação acelerada do meio ambiente causada principalmente pela exploração desregrada de florestas, levada a cabo pelos produtores de carvão vegetal para a sua comercialização, cujos efeitos se repercutem no empobrecimento dos solos, e, por conseguinte, na baixa produtividade agrícola. No âmbito da investigação sob o tema “Educação e Desenvolvimento nas Comunidades Ovimbundu de Angola: Estudo Etnográfico da Comunidade de Ombala Ekovongo/Bié”, inserido no Programa de Doutoramento ainda em curso na Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, destacou-se entre vários objetivos o de preservar a cultura local e o meio ambiente. O presente artigo objetiva, por um lado analisar a problemática ambiental em seus aspetos mais comuns, por outro, identificar os problemas ambientais que a comunidade enfrenta atualmente e os saberes tradicionais que orientam a relação entre comunários e outros seres da natureza, enquanto fatores de desenvolvimento, que na essência conformam as representações sociais dos habitantes de Ekovongo em torno da problemática ambiental.
La antigüedad de las Mipymes y su impacto en las prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial - RSE - mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio
Authors: Pérez-Hervert Ma. de Jesús , Zapata-Sánchez José Luis , Esparza-Aguilar José Luis
Published: May 2021

Se realizó un análisis de la estructura factorial, confiabilidad, validez convergente y discriminante y la invarianza factorial por antigüedad de los emprendimientos de las prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). La información se obtuvo a través de 384 emprendimientos de diferentes giros comerciales en la zona sur del Estado de Quintana Roo, con un promedio de antigüedad de los emprendimientos de 1.65 y una desviación estándar de DE= 0.477. Los resultados confirman la existencia de una estructura unidimensionalidad de la escala (CFI=0.970) y la invarianza factorial por antigüedad de los emprendimientos. Se obtuvieron valores correctos de validez convergente y discriminante de las prácticas de RSE con medidas de las dimensiones proveedores, ética, empleados y medio ambiente. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la existencia de relaciones significativas de la dimensión ética con otras dimensiones de la RSE y el impacto que tiene la antigüedad de los emprendimientos en las dimensiones, para la cual se plantearon cinco hipótesis y de estas se cumplieron cuatro.
Perspectivas curriculares y didácticas de las salidas de campo en las licenciaturas en Ciencias Sociales del Caribe Colombiano
Authors: Márquez-Fúnes Keinny Elena , Flórez-Nisperuza Elvira Patricia
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa a nivel de maestría orientada a identificar las perspectivas didácticas y curriculares de las salidas de campo inmersas en las Licenciaturas en Ciencias Sociales en el Caribe Colombiano (Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Cartagena y Universidad del Atlántico) que conlleven a un conocimiento de la realidad del acto educativo en relación con la formación del nuevo maestro, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos y necesidades del contexto. El estudio implementó como técnica de recolección de la información las entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y directivos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior y la revisión documental de lineamientos curriculares y disposiciones normativas para los programas de formación de docentes en Colombia.  En este sentido, se identificaron siete perspectivas didácticas y curriculares: academicista, sistémica, formativa, integradora, transversal, desarrolladora y transformadora. Las cuales surgieron a partir de las apreciaciones de las voces de los docentes, directivos y estudiantes de las tres universidades participantes.
Capacidades de innovación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector metalmecánico en Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Morelos-Gómez José , Gómez-Yaspe Ibrahim Salvador , De Ávila-Suarez Roger de Jesús
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación identifica las capacidades de innovación de las pequeñas y medianas (Pymes) empresas del sector metalmecánico en Cartagena - Colombia. La metodología abordada fue de exploratorio y descriptivo. La población seleccionada correspondió al total de las 25 Pymes del clúster metalmecánico, registradas formalmente en la Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena, con lo cual se identificaron las brechas y potencialidades para impulsar las capacidades de innovación. Como resultado, se identificó en relación con las capacidades para la innovación que, el 85% de la Pymes promueve en sus operaciones novedosas prácticas en todas sus áreas funcionales, incentivando la creatividad y la innovación en el diseño y desarrollo diferenciado de bienes y servicios. Se concluye que, el clúster de empresas metalmecánicas debe orientar esfuerzos a la consolidación de las capacidades innovadoras en las áreas de investigación y desarrollo, vigilancia tecnológica, marketing digital y gestión logística, lo cual contribuiría a la mejora de la productividad y competitividad del sector.
Modelo CAPM para valorar el riesgo de los inversionistas a partir de la información contable antes y después de las NIIF en los bancos de Colombia
Authors: Botello-Peñaloza Hector Alberto , Guerrero-Rincón Isaac
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es valorar el riesgo de los inversionistas a partir de la información contable antes y después de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) en los establecimientos de crédito en Colombia. Para lo anterior, se calculó el Modelo de Valoración de Activos Financieros (CAPM) para 15 bancos en Colombia antes y después del 2015, año de la implementación de las NIIF en este país. Se pudo evidenciar que los cambios contables han cambiado la magnitud del riesgo de las empresas disminuyendo el coste del capital. La mayor parte de la mejora se encuentra ubicada en la estimación del riesgo financiero. Finalmente, el coste del capital mostró una amplia variabilidad según la propiedad bancaria.
Validación de una metodología para obtener la envolvente de ruptura al esfuerzo cortante en suelos no saturados compactados
Authors: Díaz-Coral José Miguel , Valencia-González Yamile  , Camapum de Carvalho Jose
Published: May 2021

Obtener la envolvente de ruptura de suelos no saturados requiere de equipos especializados, de elevado costo y difícil acceso. Sin embargo, a través de ensayos de laboratorio simples combinados como corte directo, tracción indirecta y succión, es posible determinar la envolvente. La presente investigación busca, por tanto, validar dicha metodología, en un material limo de origen residual de la ciudad de Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia, compactado a la máxima densidad a través del ensayo Proctor normal. La validación se efectúa por medio de la repetitividad de una serie de ensayos de corte directo para diferentes valores de succión; comprobando que, es posible encontrar la envolvente de ruptura al corte de un suelo fino residual compactado, para distintas condiciones de succión, por medio de los ensayos de laboratorio de corte directo en condición consolidada y drenada, succión por el método del papel filtro y tracción indirecta, cuando no se cuenta con equipos de corte con succión controlada.
Risk Factors in Severe Anaphylaxis: Which Matters the Most, Food or Cofactors?
Authors: Casas-Saucedo R , de la Cruz C , Araujo-Sánchez G , Gelis S , Jimenez T , Riggioni S , San Bartolomé C , Pascal M , Bartra Tomás J , Muñoz-Cano R
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of anaphylactic shock, the most severe manifestation of anaphylaxis, remains unknown. Risk factors and biomarkers have not been fully identified. Objective: To identify risk factors in patients who experience anaphylactic shock. Methods: Using lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergy as a model, we compared the characteristics of patients who developed anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock. We recorded demographics, pollen sensitization, foods ingested up to 2 hours before onset of the reaction, and the presence of cofactors. Culprit foods were identified through a compatible clinical history and positive allergology work-up (skin prick test and/or sIgE). Results: We evaluated 150 reactions in 55 patients with anaphylaxis (134 reactions) and 12 with anaphylactic shock (16 reactions). Patients in the anaphylaxis group experienced twice as many reactions (mean [SD], 2.4 [2.5] for anaphylaxis vs 1.3 [1.5] for anaphylactic shock; P<.02). No relationship was found between any food group and severity of the reaction. The most frequent food involved in both groups of patients was the combination of several plant-derived foods (plant food mix), followed by peach and nuts. Indeed, in the reactions caused by plant food mix, the presence of a cofactor was observed more often than in other food groups. On the other hand, cofactors were not present in peach- and nut-related reactions. Exercise was the most frequent cofactor in all groups. Conclusion: In our series, the severity of the reactions was not determined by the kind of food or presence of a cofactor. Anaphylactic shock seems to be an infrequent presentation that may be associated with other individual-related factors requiring further evaluation.
Notas para problematizar a educação física escolar na inclusão dos indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)
Authors: Kistt Thiely , Gonçalves Patrick Da Silveira
Published: May 2021

O presente ensaio busca traçar pistas ao trabalho de professores de Educação Física que desenvolvem sua profissão com estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Para tanto, lançamos mão da revisão narrativa como forma de reunir textos atuais sobre o tema e as principais legislações que abordam a inclusão do aluno com TEA no contexto escolar. Compreendemos que as reflexões se fundamentam na perspectiva de que a inclusão escolar deve efetivar o acesso a todos os indivíduos, garantindo a diversidade no ambiente escolar, estando a Educação Física articulada a estes propósitos.
AN ANALYSIS OF LEAKAGE AND INJECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS RELATED TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES AND MOBILITY IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF CENTRAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Kahlid Samra , Asghar Nabila , Rehman Hafeez ur
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This study deals with leakages and injections of households due to socio-economic opportunities and mobility in Central Punjab, Pakistan. During the past few decades, researchers have been trying to analyze the changes caused by mobility in the socio-economic stratification of society over time. Methodology: For analysis purposes, the study uses primary data collected from the three selected districts of Central Punjab. The study used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for calculating the Socio-economic Status Index (SESI) by assigning the weights to indicators. The sample size is taken from 370 respondents by interviews. The sample size has been determined based on the population of each district, such as rural and urban. Main Findings: The results show that both creeper and struggling strata experience low mobility because households consider their basic needs highly important. The size of both low strata decreases due to leakages of households; while, the size of other strata increases due to the injection of households from low strata. The logistic regression results show the substantial contribution of both education and occupation in improving the socio-economic status of the households. Applications of this study: This study can provide guidelines to the policymakers for formulating appropriate policies that are relatively flexible for the middle stratum compared to creeper and ruler strata in Central Punjab. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the study is that it brings up the true picture of the structure of Central Punjab through estimating the household transformation by using leakage and injection in terms of intra-generational and intra-temporal household mobility. The results of the study can be used to reduce the income inequality in Central Punjab.
Metodología cualitativa como herramienta en la investigación de la calidad de vida
Authors: Torres-Chavez Lilia Janeth
Published: May 2021

La calidad de vida es un constructo complejo que se ha desarrollado a partir de los años sesenta, se ha definido a través de indicadores objetivos y medibles, así como de indicadores subjetivos, o bien, de la combinación de ambos, así como se han dado a conocer distintos modelos teóricos para explicarla, sin embargo, se plantea la situación de que generalmente la calidad de vida se valora a través de cuestionarios psicométricos desde un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo. La metodología cualitativa ha sido demeritada en el pasado como parte de la investigación científica, sin embargo, actualmente es considerada como una metodología válida, holística e inductiva, se trata de un proceso interactivo para comprender diversos fenómenos y significados a profundidad con la posibilidad de generar teoría. Este ensayo considera de manera breve, las circunstancias para valorar la calidad de vida a través de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. El desarrollo abarca elementos generales de la calidad de vida, así como elementos generales de la metodología cualitativa con el objetivo de conocer y establecer una relación en la que se valore la efectividad para estudiar la calidad de vida a través de métodos cualitativos, considerando factores importantes como el contexto, el tiempo y las personas.
Cybergogy as a digital media to facilitate the learning style of millennial college students
Authors: Rahma Rezka Arina , Sucipto Sucipto , Affriyenni Yessi , Widyaswari Monica
Published: May 2021

This research was aimed to test the effectiveness of AR-based digital learning materials in improving the learning of the students. The development method used in this research is the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery, and Evaluation) model. The subjects in this developmental research are the lecturers of the educational technology department as media experts, the lecturers of the nonformal education department as the subject expert, and the students of the nonformal education department of the academic year 2018 as the users. The specification of the innovative product to be developed is augmented reality as a digital media in learning the family education subject. The result of the research that AR-based digital learning materials have gained excellent results as it has proven to help students in learning effectively. The average score in the experimental group after participating in learning with Augmented Reality media, the average score was improved to 92,55. Whilst in the control group, the average learning with the old/conventional paradigm, the average score recorded at 86,75.

 

Keywords: Cybergogy, Teaching Media, Augmented Reality
Female employment and migration in European countries: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Kreyenfeld Michaela , Diehl Claudia , Kroh Martin , Giesecke Johannes
Published: May 2021

Objective: This chapter introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Female Employment and Migration in European Countries".

Background: While there is a large body of research on the labour market performance of male migrants, women’s employment behaviour after migration has only recently moved into the focus of attention.

Method: This Special Issue draws on various research methods and data sources, including register, census, and survey data. Some of the studies focus on specific national contexts, such as the German, Spanish, Dutch, and Belgian situations. Other studies compare female migrants across European countries and between origin and destination countries.

Results: The contributions in this Special Issue help to disentangle the complex interplay of socio-economic factors, family and fertility behaviour, gender role attitudes, and institutional constraints and policies that shape the employment behaviour of migrant women after they migrate.

Conclusion: In many European countries, the employment rates of first-generation female migrants, and particularly those of women from non-EU countries of origin, lag behind the employment rates of native women. While prior research has often reported that socio-economic and cultural factors play a role in shaping the employment behaviour of female migrants, the contributions in this volume also emphasise the strong relevance of institutional factors in the receiving country, including migration, family, and labour market policies.
WORK MEASUREMENT STUDY ON MOTOR-MANUAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION: THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF LEAN MANUFACTURING AND ALLOWANCES
Authors: Yovi Efi Yuliati , Prasetiana Diah , Nirmalasari Natasha Aquilla
Published: May 2021

Derivated products of  pine resin have been recognised as competitive commodities in global trade, increasing the need to use resources more efficiently.  A hand-held tapping machine with small hoe-shape cutters called “mujitek” has been widely applied in Indonesia among efforts to answer this challenge. In this study, a series of  observed (actual) work time data were measured and analysed, adopting lean manufacturing to calculate the basic and standard time of  the work and estimate the work produced on the tapping operation. Work elements were identified based on their contribution to change or transform the product and were categorised as value-added, non-value-added, and special allowance.  Quantitative data on the work productivity in the tapping operation can be used as one fundamental data in determining a work plan to establish a continuous improvement process. The variable fatigue allowances taken into account in this study were standing posture, abnormal posture, muscular energy, atmospheric conditions, and noise.  This study shows that non-value-added work elements (repairing machines, chatting, and smoking) cause inefficiency in tapping operation.  Analysis of  added-value work elements proved that this hand-held tapping machine offers a higher (1.7 times) work productivity than conventional hand-held tapping tools. However, since humans have limitations in the physical, physiological, and mental dimensions that limit their ability to carry out work at a certain level, the discovered work productivity level should also be validated with other thresholds, e.g., physical workload and risk perception.