bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FORMING PROCESSES AT ALUMINUM ALLOY TREATMENT
Authors: Крукович Марат , Krukovich Marat , Иноземцев Виталий , Inozemtsev Vitaliy , Куликов Михаил , Kulikov Mikhail , Мо Наинг , Mo Naing
Published: October 2016

It is well known that machining aluminum and its alloys is accompanied by very considerable changes in quality parameters of parts surface layers which affect greatly performance attributes. The study of the machining conditions influence upon surface layer quality in parts allows defining optimum cutting parameters and increasing performance attributes of many parts. It is well known that there are alternative methods of shaping which are a combined treatment which can include a mechanical, electrical and chemical influence upon a surface worked. Combined methods of treatment possess a wide range of controlled factors affecting a quality level of a surface formed and that is why they are convenient and effective in use during processes of shaping in parts made of difficult-to cut and heterogeneous materials. As the investigation results have shown during edge cutting machining anodic-mechanical treatment in the course of cutting Al 2 and Al 3 silumins the oxides formation on the surface worked worsens considerably electrochemical processes. Particularly it is significant at anodic dissolution of aluminum alloys having a high capacity to oxidation. The method of electromechanical combined treatment allows managing qualitative indices in the course of surface shaping and as a result promoting the achievement of an essential level in quality parameters of a surface level.
MODAL VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS OF LATHES DESIGNS
Authors: Бренгауз Александр , Brengauz Aleksandr , Молчанов Александр , Molchanov Aleksandr , Досько Сергей , Dosko Sergey , Быков Павел , Bykov Pavel
Published: October 2016

In the paper the problem of reasons elucidation in the matter of lathe instability at groove cross turning and boring is solved. As a tool for the analysis of a structure state there are used potentialities of modal monitoring, and in particular, a correlation of modal parameters, sets of proper characteristics of an elastic system (self-frequencies, modal coefficients damping and own forms of vibrations) of lathes designs with the state of bearings in spindle units. The application of a modal approach to the evaluation of a lathe design state or an elastic system is a new section in a dynamic analysis and may be called modal diagnostics. From the analysis of the modal parameter values of a lathe one traces their tie with the lathe design characteristics, and in particular, with the existence of sever rigidity anisotropy of a spindle unit front bearing and also with its insufficient tightness. Reasoning from the information mentioned of the modal parameters connection with the rigidity of a spindle unit front bearing and a state of bearing design the authors draw a conclusion of the technological state of a spindle unit design. In such a way, by the example of the design of two lathes in the paper there is shown a possibility of transition from experimental frequency characteristics through a procedure of modal diagnostics to the evaluation of the technological state of a spindle unit.
PECULIARITIES IN SURFACE ROUGHNESS FORMATION AT ANODIC-MECHANICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Бочаров Андрей , Bocharov Andrey , Иноземцев Виталий , Inozemtsev Vitaliy , Куликов Михаил , Kulikov Mikhail , Мо Наинг , Mo Naing
Published: October 2016

The solution of problems belonging to assurance of high quality and accuracy of a surface at machining in mechanical engineering was always one of the primary and priority tasks. A considerable part of all technological operations connected with shaping falls at machining. At that the operations connected with milling occupy a rather large share of all processes of machining in a variety of production branches. In the course of the study of shaping and aspects of quality formation at machining it is established that anodicmechanical operation can promote effectively the quality increase of aluminum surface and its alloys at turning. Unlike turning at milling it is necessary to take into account other character of the interaction of a cutter with a surface worked and also the existence of some cutting edges which can contribute to the roughness growth at the macrolevel. A considerable influence upon quality of a surface under formation at aluminum alloy anodic milling have: materials of a work piece and a tool, technical and geometrical parameters of a tool, a milling direc-tion, scale formation, a magnitude of current and voltage in the area of a contact of a tool and a work piece, the availability and a type of cutting emulsion (or a mixture and concentration of electrolyte), and also a way of its feed.
MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING USING AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF OPTIMUM STRUCTURE CHOICE FOR GROUND-SURFACE PUBLIC CONVEYANCES
Authors: Кузнецова Наталия , Kuznetsova Nataliya , Карлова Татьяна , Karlova Tatyana , Бекмешов Александр , Bekmeshov Aleksandr
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to the application of a special software complex for the definition of an opti-mum set of means of urban public groundsurface conveyances.

In the paper are presented the existing software solutions meant for the definition of an optimum route, their basic merits and demerits are revealed, the methods for the solution of a problem in search of an op-timum set of means of ground surface public conveyance taking into account a maximum amount of factors affecting a motion speed are offered.

The authors have presented a structure of an automated system for a choice of an optimum structure in ground surface public conveyances and also there are shown fragments of a corresponding program code and database queries.

In the paper particular attention is paid to the working modes of an appendix presented, in particular, for the situation in the absence of customer’s device connection to the basic computer system.
NEW PARADIGM IN ECONOMICS EVOLUTION
Authors: Тюкавкин Николай , Tyukavkin Nikolay
Published: October 2016

In the paper it is emphasized that in the course of the last three decades became stronger the dynamics of the development of all economic processes in society and under conditions of current economic changes realization come the first place not the tools of development, but new economic concepts. A generation of economic concepts of the present is presented. A current stage of society development raises new conditions and problems the solution of which requires conceptual breaks for the formation and realization of a new mechanism for a economy sustainable development and also new tools in a global integrated market which could embrace all variety of indices on the basis of their optimization of correspondence to market relations. The authors have moved a regulation of a necessity and possibility to develop a new concept and new tools on a global level within the bounds of a “unified theory of market correspondence”.
MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BIPOLAR WORLD
Authors: Фу Цун , Fu Tsun , Чжао Яцзюань , Chzhao Yatszyuan
Published: October 2016

Key factors of historical development of mankind at the present stage are the science and technical progress. On the basis of the analysis of approaches in understanding of science and technical progress an attempt of modern judgment of scientific and technical progress which is more oriented to requirements and interests of the specific person acting as the main consumer of progress is made. Besides, requirements serve as incentives which determine a vector and speed of development of scientific and technical progress.

Modern largescale technical progress leads to emergence of the most various ethical problems worldwide. However in relation to People´s Republic of China ethical problems of technical progress have some features. They are connected first of all with the fact that technical progress not only cardinally changes the tenor of life of huge number of people which developed in millennia, but also calls into question the traditional principles of management of society.

Within preparation of a personnel (intellectual) resource the undoubted positive fact is stability of high level of training with use of new approaches to train-ing.
SYSTEM TIES INVESTIGATION IN MATTERS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND NA
Authors: У Цзяюй , U Tszyayuy
Published: October 2016

For today the problem of man and nature unity and also social ecology under conditions of crisis aggravation takes on special significance. The problem in comprehension of the harmonic interaction between nature and man is a task which the mankind solves in the course of its history of cultural selfknowledge.

A technosphere created artificially by the end of the XX-th century became adequate to the earth’s biosphere. It is human activity that aggravated all existing ecological problems forced to form a hierarchy of values acting in the society.

The paper reports the methods to solve the problems of ecological safety by the example of the People’s Republic of China.

A current state of ecological environment in China is one of the urgent problems facing the country responsible for people’s health. The reason in ecological situation worsening in China depends on a number of factors: soil erosion, environment pollution with waste products, air pollution, noise pollution and so on.

In order to stop worsening an ecological situation in China it is necessary to take measures immediately for ecology protection.
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS - ANCHOR OR TOWBOAT FOR ECONOMY?
Authors: Евенко Владимир , Evenko Vladimir , Солдатенков Вадим , Soldatenkov Vadim
Published: October 2016

Modern economic institutes, in particular, insti-tutes of stateprivate partnership and insolvency and their influence upon ensuring a stable qualitative de-velopment of national economy are under consideration.

Institutes come out as fundamental factors of functioning economic systems in long-term and me-dium-term prospects. Market forces cannot function efficiently in inadequate and uncontrollable environ-ment inasmuch as the operation of such forces is contradictory and frequently couterproductive.

Under a stateprivate partnership is understood a system of relations between a state sector (state or municipal authorities) and a private sector (business) legally and institutionally secured with the purpose of the development of socially and strategically meaningful branches of national economy to protect social interests and to increase competitiveness of industrial enterprises at the heart of which underlying principles of equal rights, rational partnership, distribution of risks and proceeds, joint operations of state and private sectors.

The institution of insolvency (bankruptcy) is one of the most complicated institutions of market (mixed) economy as it combines in itself the compo-nents of cost-effectiveness and social trend.

Russia must have effective economic institu-tions including those of state-private partnership and insolvency (bankruptcy) for the transition from a model of an overtaking growth to the model of advanced development.
REGULATORY-DOCUMENTATION SUPPORT OF QUALITY IN TRAINING OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED STAFF
Authors: Борбаць Николай , Borbats Nikolay , Мирошников Вячеслав , Miroshnikov Vyacheslav , Круглов Виктор , Kruglov Viktor , Горленко Олег , Gorlenko Oleg , Можаева Татьяна , Mozhaeva Tatyana
Published: October 2016

The problems of control and evaluation of higher education quality (training of highly qualified staff) are under consideration. Quality in the training of post graduate students, certainly, depends upon curriculum quality. Thereupon there are considered systems of indices and criteria with the aid of which one can define the degree of results achieved in this field in an educational institution. Such a circuit provides 7 indic-es and 37 criteria. For each criterion there is shown the totality of documents and materials confirming their fulfillment.

The subjects of curricula control and assessment are, in particular: the curriculum structure, the results of its mastering by students; the conditions of curricula realization in an educational institution, their regulatory, procedural, resource, personnel and financial support. That is, the degree of curricula correspondence to the requirements of Federal State Educational Standards is defined and also to the requirements of a physical and legal person in the interests of which the educational activity is carried out. In this connection the introduction in practice of regulatory-documentation support of curricula state accreditation (a list of essential documents is shown) is significant.

The educational process organization in accor-dance with the principles under consideration, no doubt, will allow improving highly qualified staff train-ing.
The Multi-Morbidity Index: A Tool for Assessing the Prognosis of Patients from
History of Illness
Authors: Alemi Farrokh , Levy Cari R. , Kheirbek Raya E.
Published: October 2016

Background: The Multi-Morbidity (MM) Index predicts the prognosis of patients from
their diagnostic history. In contrast to existing approaches with broad diagnostic
categories, it treats each diagnosis as a separate independent variable using individual
ICD-9 codes.Objective: This paper describes the MM Index, reviews the published data on
its accuracy, and provides procedures for implementing the Index within electronic
health record (EHR) systems.Methods: The MM Index was tested on various patient
populations by using data from the Veterans Affairs data warehouse and claims data
within the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Health Care
Research and Quality.Results: In cross-validated studies, the MM Index was more accurate
than prognostic indices based on physiological markers; such as CD4 cell counts in
HIV/AIDS, HbA1c levels in diabetes, ejection fractions in heart failure, or the13
physiological markers commonly used for patients in Intensive Care Units. When
predicting the prognosis of nursing home patients by using the cross-validated area
under a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the MM Index was 15% more
accurate than the Quan variant of the Charlson Index, 27% more accurate than the Deyo
variant of the Charlson Index, and 22% more accurate than the von Walraven variant of
the Elixhauser Index. For patients in Intensive Care Units, the MM Index was 13% more
accurate than the cross-validated ROC associated with Elixhauser’s categories. The MM
Index also demonstrated greater accuracy than a number of commercially available
measures of severity of illness; including a five-fold greater accuracy than the All
Patient Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups and a three-fold greater accuracy than All
Payer Severity-adjusted Diagnosis-Related Groups.Conclusion: The MM Index is
statistically more accurate than many existing measures of prognosis. The magnitude of
improvement may lead to a clinically meaningful difference in patient care or policy
analysis.
Antibodi Campak pada Bayi Baru Lahir dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi
Authors: Raihan Raihan , Andalas Mohd , Satari Hindra Irawan , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S
Published: October 2016

Latar belakang. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan kasus campak terjadi sebelum usia imunisasi campak. Seharusnya, bayi tersebutmasih terlindungi karena memiliki maternal antibodi campak yang diperoleh selama dalam kandungan. Tinggi titer yang dipunyaibayi dipengaruhi faktor ibu dan janin yang berakibat memengaruhi lamanya perlindungan.Tujuan. Mengetahui kadar antibodi campak bayi baru lahir dan menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhinyaMetode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, sejak Maret – April 2015 pada bayi barulahir. Bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dipilih secara consecutive nonprobabality sampling. Dilakukan wawancaraterhadap orangtua, pemeriksaan New Ballard Score, dan pengambilan darah tali pusat untuk pemeriksaan antibodi campak yangdilakukan di laboratorium Prodia Jakarta. Analisis data dengan uji t untuk mengetahui rerata titer antibodi campak berdasarkan jeniskelamin, berat badan lahir, usia gestasi, usia ibu, paritas, dan penyakit ibu. Analisis regresi untuk mencari faktor yang memengaruhititer antibodi campak.Hasil. Di antara 68 bayi, 64 dengan titer rerata antibodi campak (2277,7±1830,7) IU/L. Bayi kurang bulan (2061,94±1554,44) IU/Lmempunyai titer lebih rendah daripada bayi cukup bulan (3006,83±1613,79) IU/L, walaupun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Hasiltersebut secara konsisten juga dijumpai pada variabel laki-laki, lahir kurang bulan, berat badan lahir tidak sesuai masa kehamilan,dan ibu dengan penyakit penyerta mempunyai titer lebih rendah, tetapi secara statistik tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan. Mayoritas bayi memiliki maternal antibodi campak dengan titer rerata (2277,7 ± 1830,7) IU/l. Tidak dijumpai variabelyang memengaruhi titer maternal antibodi campak pada bayi baru lahir secara bermakna.
Pola Resistensi Bakteri Penyebab Sepsis Neonatorum di Instalasi Perawatan Neonatus RSUD Arifin Achmad Riau
Authors: Oyong Nazardi , Anggraini Dewi , Karina Karina
Published: October 2016

Latar belakang. Sepsis neonatorum masih menjadi kendala utama di bidang pelayanan dan perawatan neonatus. Diperlukanpemberian antibiotik empirik yang tepat dapat menurunkan angka kematian. Namun, terapi empirik yang tepat harus berdasarkanpola resistensi di tempat tersebutTujuan. Mengetahui pola resistensi bakteri dari kultur darah pasien sepsis neonatal.Metode. Desain penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Semua data hasil kultur dan uji resistensi antibiotik dari spesimen darah neonatustersangka sepsis yang dirawat di Instalasi Perawatan Neonatus RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau periode Januari sampai Desember2014 dimasukkan dalam penelitian.Hasil. Didapatkan 568 pemeriksaan kultur darah neonatus yang diduga sepsis, dengan hasil kultur darah positif 196 (34,51%).Mikroorganisme terbanyak yang ditemukan yaitu Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (29,08%), Candida sp (15,21%), B. cepacia(12,76%), A. baumanii (9,18%) dan K. pneumoniae (8,16%). Bakteri Gram positif paling sensitif dengan vancomycin dan linezolid,sedangkan bakteri Gram negatif paling sensitif dengan meropenem, amikacin dan tigecycline.Kesimpulan. Hasil kultur darah positif adalah 34,5%. Mikroorganisme yang paling banyak yaitu Coagulase negative Staphylococci,Candida sp, B. cepacia, A. baumanii dan K. pneumoniae. Bakteri Gram positif paling sensitif dengan vancomycin dan linezolid. BakteriGram negatif paling sensitif dengan meropenem, amikacin dan tigecycline
Hubungan Kadar Neuron-Specific Enolase Serum dengan Mortalitas pada Sepsis Neonatorum
Authors: Hartanto Ricky , Masloman Nurhayati , Rompis Johnny , Wilar Rocky
Published: October 2016

Latar belakang. Sepsis neonatorum menyebabkan respons inflamasi berlebih sehingga terjadi kerusakan sawar darah otak, disfungsiserebrovaskular dan oksigenasi, gangguan neurotransmiter, degenerasi sel neuron, edema serebral yang berakhir pada kematian sel.Penelitian sebelumnya mendapatkan peningkatan kadar NSE serum pada pasien anak dengan sepsis berat dan syok septik.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kadar NSE serum dengan mortalitas pada sepsis neonatorum.Metode. Digunakan metode analitik observasional kohort prospektif dari bulan Agustus 2015 sampai November 2015. Sampeldiambil secara konsekutif dan didapatkan 42 bayi dengan sepsis neonatorum. Analisis statistik diuji dengan regresi logistik dan korelasiPearson. Orang tua atau wali diminta menandatangani informed consent. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dibawah persetujuan komite etik.Hasil. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar NSE serum dengan mortalitas (koefisien korelasi rpb =0,738 dengan nilai p<0,001). Cutt-offpoint kadar NSE serum yaitu 21,9 μg/L dengan sensitivitas 91,3% dan spesifisitas 94,7% dalam menentukan mortalitas pada sepsisneonatorum.Kesimpulan. Semakin tinggi kadar NSE serum maka semakin besar peluang bayi dengan sepsis akan meninggal
The Importance of Parent – Infant Bonding towards Infant Mood Regulation
Authors: Wiguna Tjhin
Published: October 2016

Bonding atau ikatan emosi antara orangtua dan anak usia di bawah tiga tahun ( anak usia batita) merupakan suatu ikatan timbalbalik yang sangat penting bagi tumbuh kembang seorang anak. Teori yang berkaitan dengan bonding ini sudah dijelaskan sejakbeberapa dekade yang lalu namun peran dalam praktik klinik masih dirasakan terbatas. Bonding sudah mulai terbentuk sejak bayidalam kandungan dan berlangsung terus sampai beberapa tahun kemudian. Oleh karena itu setiap gangguan yang terjadi sejak masakandungan sampai dengan lahirnya anak dapat mengganggu proses keseimbangan ikatan orangtua – anak usia batita ini, sehinggaberdampak dalam proses perkembangan dan regulasi emosi anak. Klaus dan Kennell menyatakan bahwa ikatan antara ibu – anak usiabatita ini dapat berlangsung optimal jika bayi dan ibu dipersatukan sedini mungkin segera setelah lahir. Disregulasi mood pada anakusia batita merupakan salah satu contoh adanya gangguan keseimbangan ikatan ibu – anak usia batita; kondisi tersebut membuatanak usia batita mengalami kesulitan dalam menyesuaikan dirinya terhadap berbagai jenis perasaan dan rangsangan yang berkaitandengan pengalaman emosionalnya, terutama dalam kaitan dengan pengalaman emosional yang bersifat negatif. Disregulasi mood yangtidak tertangani cenderung membuat pertumbuhan bayi terganggu dan dapat berdampak terhadap terjadi nya ganggal tumbuh darianak tersebut, dan tentunya juga mengakibatkan terganggunya perkembangan anak. Oleh karena itu, deteksi dini dari permasalahanikatan ibu – anak usia batita ini sangat penting dikenali sehingga intervensi dini dapat diberikan dalam usaha untuk mencapaipertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang optimal serta perbaikan derajat kesehatan ibu pada umumnya terutama dalam kaitandengan kesehatan jiwa ibu.
Conceptualisation as basis for the development ofcritical thinking within the nursing perspective
Authors: Pretoruis Louise , Van Dyk Agenes , Small Luis , Amukugo Hans Justus
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this article is to present the conceptualise empirical findings arrived at from the needs assessment (phase 1), which reflected the application of critical thinking skills by the respondents. The ultimate aim was to develop an educational programme to facilitate critical thinking in nursing practice. Conceptualization as the definition of key concepts in a study with a view to integrating one’s research into conceptual frameworks.The findings revealed six main concepts and their related sub-concepts. These concepts included interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation and self-regulation. These concepts were inferred from the deduction by the researcher. These concepts were the results of the concept analysis of critical thinking by 46 experts directed by Facione together with the related dispositions. These six main concepts constituted the framework within which the educational programme was developed. The following steps were followed during the conceptualization namely concepts synthesis, clarification of the concepts, interpretation of the concepts, analysis of the concepts, evaluation of the concepts, interference/ conclusion, explanation, self – regulation and critical approaches.
In vitro stent assessment by MRI: visibility of lumen and artifacts for 27 modern stents
Authors: Heinrich Andreas , Güttler Felix V. , Schlesies Florian , Aschenbach René , Eckardt Niklas , Teichgräber Ulf K-M.
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to measure artifacts and visibility of lumen for modern and most commonly used stents in vascular interventions according to a standardized test method of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Materials and methods:

Twenty-four peripheral self-expanding nitinol stents and three stainless steel stents with diameters between 5 and 8 mm and lengths between 30 and 250 mm from seven different manufacturers were compared on a 1.5T and a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The visualization of lumen and artifacts was measured according to ASTM F2119 for a turbo spin echo (TSE) [repetition time(TR)/echo time (TE) 500/26 ms] and a gradient echo (GRE) (TR/TE 100/15 ms) sequence. The stents were placed parallel and perpendicular to the radio frequency field (B

Results:

There were large differences in visibility of the lumen for the stent models. The visualization of the lumen varies between 0% and 93% (perpendicular to B

Conclusion:

Reliable stent lumen visualization is possible for Misago, Supera, Tigris, and Viabahn stents, if their axis is perpendicular to B
Evaluation of the new cobas® HCV genotyping test based on real-time PCRs of three different HCV genome regions
Authors: Stelzl Evelyn , Appel Hannah M. , Mehta Rochak , Marins Ed G. , Berg Jörg , Paar Christian , Zurl Hanna , Santner Brigitte I. , Kessler Harald H.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Determination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and discrimination between HCV subtypes 1a and 1b is still mandatory prior to anti-HCV treatment initiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the recently introduced cobas

Methods:

The cobas

Results:

When accuracy was tested, panel members containing HCV subtypes 1a, 1b, and 3a were identified as expected; however, the new assay failed to identify low titer panel members containing HCV subtype 5a correctly. Of 183 clinical samples, 160 gave concordant results. For seven samples, an indeterminate result was reported with the cobas

Conclusions:

The cobas
A Difference Method for Solving the Steklov Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem of Second Kind for the Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Alikhanov Anatoly A.
Published: October 2016

We consider difference schemes for the time-fractional diffusion
equation with variable coefficients and nonlocal boundary conditions
containing real parameters α, β and γ. By the
method of energy inequalities, for the solution of the difference
problem, we obtain a priori estimates, which imply the stability and
convergence of these difference schemes. The obtained results are
supported by the numerical calculations carried out for some test problems.
Towards cognitively plausible data science in language research
Authors: Milin Petar , Divjak Dagmar , Dimitrijević Strahinja , Baayen R. Harald
Published: October 2016

Over the past 10 years, Cognitive Linguistics has taken a quantitative turn. Yet, concerns have been raised that this preoccupation with quantification and modelling may not bring us any closer to understanding how language works. We show that this objection is unfounded, especially if we rely on modelling techniques based on biologically and psychologically plausible learning algorithms. These make it possible to take a quantitative approach, while generating and testing specific hypotheses that will advance our understanding of how knowledge of language emerges from exposure to usage.
MEMS optical switch: Switching time reduction
Authors: Plander Ivan , Stepanovsky Michal
Published: October 2016

Existing 3D MEMS-based optical switches offer
good optical properties (low insertion loss, low
crosstalk), high reliability and low power consumption.
These switches utilize highly reflective micro-mirrors to
manipulate an optical signal inside the switch directly
without any conversions. They are used to build dynamically
reconfigurable, highly-scalable physical optical network
layer. As indicated by the simulation results of this
paper, many of existing micro-mirror designs do not have
their dynamic characteristics well optimized and this limits
the switching speed of the optical switch. In a 3DMEMS
switch, the coupling between the mechanical structure
(micro-mirror) and electrostatic field (electrodes) results
in dynamic coupled rotation of the micro-mirror about its
axes, known as the cross-axis coupling effect. The coupling
nature of micro-mirror rotation makes its control difficult.
In this paper,we present the simulation case studies
and a simple optimization technique leading to decoupled
rotation of the micro-mirror about two perpendicular axes.
This helps to reduce the switching time of the switch while
keeping the same manufacturing process and only minimal
design changes.
Synchrotron radiation-based l
1-norm regularization on micro-CT imaging in shale structure analysis
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Luo Shousheng , Wang Lihua , Wang Jianqiang , Jin Chan
Published: October 2016

Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray tomography is a main technique in realizing imaging of an object section by section. We apply this technique in recovering shale microstructures which becomes a hot topic recently in non-conventional oil and gas exploration. We first set the experimental setup using SR sources at BL13W1 beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility to obtain the measured data of the shale sample, and then we establish the

l
1

{l_{1}}

-norm constrained regularization model to reconstruct the microstructure of the shale. A fast convergent gradient descent method is developed to realize this purpose. It indicates from our test results that the new method possesses higher resolution of imaging than the conventional results given by the commercial software.
Monitoring treatment of central precocious puberty using basal luteinizing hormone levels and practical considerations for dosing with a 3-month leuprolide acetate formulation
Authors: Lee Peter A. , Luce Margaret , Bacher Peter
Published: October 2016

Background:

Peak gonadotropin-releasing hormone or agonist (GnRHa) stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) testing with leuprolide acetate (LA) is commonly used to document suppression during therapy for central precocious puberty (CPP). The objective of the study was to investigate suitability of using basal LH levels to monitor GnRHa treatment and to determine optimal transition from 1-month to 3-month LA formulations via a post hoc analysis of a randomized, open-label, 6-month study.

Methods:

A total of 42 children with CPP, pretreated with 7.5-, 11.25-, or 15-mg 1-month LA formulations were randomized to 11.25- or 30-mg 3-month LA. Basal LH/peak-stimulated LH levels were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12. Positive/negative predictive values and sensitivities/specificities were determined for basal LH vs. LH-stimulation results.

Results:

Pretreatment with any 1-month formulation for the most part did not affect continuation of suppression after transitioning to 3-month formulation (mean peak-stimulated LH levels remained < 4 IU/L). Basal LH predicted suppression escape (basal LH-level cutoff ≥ 0.6 IU/L predicted 70% of those failing suppression). Tolerability was similar, regardless of dose.

Conclusions:

Our data indicate that a basal level of <0.60 IU/L is adequate for monitoring suppression approximately two-thirds of the time. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of 3-month LA treatments are not influenced by previous CPP therapies.
Milestones in microwave-assisted organophosphorus chemistry
Authors: Keglevich György , Kiss Nóra Zs. , Mucsi Zoltán
Published: October 2016

Our recent results in the field of microwave (MW)-assisted organophosphorus syntheses, especially regarding esterifications, condensations, substitutions and additions are surveyed. Beside making organic chemical reactions more efficient, it was possible to perform transformations that are reluctant on conventional heating. Another option is to substitute catalysts, or to simplify catalyst systems under MW conditions. It is also the purpose of this paper to elucidate the scope and limitations of the MW tool, to interpret the MW effects, and to model the distribution of the local overheatings and their beneficial effect. All these considerations are possible on the basis of the enthalpy of activations determined by us utilizing the Arrhenius equation and the pseudo first order kinetic equation.
From Numerical Considerations to Theoretical Solutions: Rational Design of a Debtor Creditor Agreement
Authors: Langlois Catherine , Langlois Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

This paper illustrates how the rational design of an international agreement can be investigated using software and numerical solutions as preliminary steps to a formal modelling of the agreement. The paper examines the repetition of a Called Bluff game interpreted as representing the stylized incentives of a debtor-creditor relationship.
Effect of polyarylene ether nitrile on the curing behaviors and properties of bisphthalonitrile
Authors: Chen Zhiran , Lei Yajie , Tang Hailong , Liu Xiaobo
Published: October 2016

The 2,2-bis[4-(3,4)-dicyanophenoxy phenyl]propane (BAPh)/polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN-OH) prepolymers and polymers were prepared by heat polymerization. Firstly, BAPh/PEN-OH systems were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic rheological analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the polymerization reaction can be controlled by various concentrations of PEN-OH and postcuring temperatures, and BAPh/PEN-OH prepolymers had low curing temperatures (229.3–300.4°C), large processing windows (∼106.5°C) with low melt viscosities, and excellent thermal stabilities. Then, the polymerization reaction and surface structures of BAPh/PEN-OH systems were investigated using Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The interpenetrating polymer networks were found in BAPh/PEN-OH polymers, suggesting that the addition of PEN-OH can not only promote the curing behaviors of BAPh but also increase the toughness of the polymers. The flexure strength and modulus of BAPh/PEN-OH polymers increased with the introduction of PEN-OH. The dielectric properties of BAPh/PEN-OH polymers were investigated, which had little dependence on the frequency. BAPh/PEN-OH systems can be used as a good candidate for high-performance polymeric materials.
Spiritualität im Rahmen von Sinn-Suche, Identitätsfindung und Selbst-Adoption
Authors: Klosinski Gunther
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag beschreibt Spiritualität als Suchbewegung, die schon in der Kindheit in Form von existentiellen Fragen aufkeimt, in der Pubertät und Adoleszenz sich im Rahmen einer Sinn- und Identitätssuche zeigen kann, bedingt durch Krisen, Brüche und Infragestellungen, die diese vulnerable Altersstufe begleiten. Auf Umwege und Sackgassen spiritueller Suche wird eingegangen sowie auf spirituellen Missbrauch. Familiäre und gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen, die eine gelingende Spiritualität begünstigen, werden erörtert.
Spiritualität in der Psychotherapie von Kindern
Authors: von Gontard Alexander
Published: October 2016

Die Spiritualität ist in der Psychotherapie von Kindern weniger berücksichtigt als bei Erwachsenen. Nach der analytischen Psychotherapie C.G. Jungs wird Spiritualität auch als Numinoses bezeichnet. Das Numinose wird durch Kontakt zu den Archetypen ausgelöst zu zeigt sich in Symbolen. Anhand der Sandspieltherapie von D. Kalff soll die Bedeutung der Spiritualität in der Psychotherapie von Kindern aufgezeigt werden. Dazu werden Beispiele aus Therapien gewählt, bei denen Kinder christliche Symbole, Symbole anderer Religionen oder eigener Naturreligionen wählen oder das Spirituelle unmittelbar und direkt ausdrücken. In Zukunft wäre zu wünschen, dass die Spiritualität als entscheidende Erfahrung und Wirkfaktor in der Psychotherapie von Kindern integriert und gewürdigt werden.
A rare cause of hyperamylasemia: multiple myeloma
Authors: Sincan Gülden , Bilen Yusuf , Erdem Fuat , Gündoğdu Mehmet
Published: October 2016

Background

A higher amylase than normal concentration may reflect one of several medical conditions, including acute inflammation of the pancreas, perforated peptic ulcer, torsion of an ovarian cyst, strangulation ileus, mesenteric ischemia, macroamylasemia, renal failure and mumps. In addition; amylase production by epithelial carcinomas has been well documented. But hyperamylasemia associated with multiple myeloma has been reported only in a few cases. We report a case with hyperamylasemia associated with multiple myeloma in this paper because of rarity.

Case report

We report a 64 year old male patient with multiple myeloma. He had hyperamylasemia and no evidence of pancreatic and salivary gland disease, renal failure. The patient had relapse disease after autologous bone marrow transplant. Amylase value is high correlated with his disease status. Combined chemotherapy (lenalidomide 25 mg once daily orally on days 1–21 and dexamethosone 40 mg/day, days 1–4 of repeated 28-day cycles) was started to our patient for multiple myeloma. The amylase level decresed to a normal level after 28 days.

Conclusion

Paraneoplastic hyperamylasaemia as a marker to monitor disease progression and treatment response in cases with multiple myeloma. It related to extensive extra-medullary spread, extensive bone destruction and shorter survival time.
Kraft, Praxis und der blinde Fleck der Geschichte
Authors: Hogh Philip
Published: October 2016

Anhand zweier zentraler Theorien der Gegenwartsästhetik – Christoph Menkes Ästhetik der Kraft und Georg W. Bertrams Theorie der Kunst als menschlicher Praxis – wird in diesem Text untersucht, in welcher Weise die Historizität ihrer Gegenstände reflektiert wird. Vor dem Hintergrund der Annahme, dass an der Hegelschen These der Einheit von Vernunft und Geschichte, die sich auch im Gedanken des Schönen als „sinnlichem Scheinen der Idee“ ausdrückt, heute nicht mehr festgehalten werden kann, wird in Auseinandersetzung mit Menke und Bertram eruiert, in welches Verhältnis Kunst und Geschichte gesetzt werden müssen, wenn an der kritischen Funktion, die Menke und Bertram Kunstwerken zusprechen, festgehalten werden soll.
Nichtsdergleichen
Authors: Lehmann Irene
Published: October 2016

Ausgehend von Aufführungen von Werken Ligetis und Kurtágs an ungewöhnlichen Orten (dem Berliner Hauptbahnhof, dem Jüdischen Museum Berlin) wird der spezifischen Materialität ihrer Aufführungen nachgegangen. Mit Walter Benjamins geschichtsphilosophischen Überlegungen und einer Entwicklung von D.W. Winnicotts Konzept des Übergansraums werden Ansätze der Werk- und Aufführungsästhetik in eine neue Konstellation gebracht. Die Aufführung wird so als transitorisches Objekt in einem transitorischen Raum fokussiert. Dazu wird das Moment des Spiels in der Kunst prononciert und sein kritisches Potential herausgearbeitet, das sich in den Kompositionen Ligetis und Kurtágs und ihren Aufführungen als Groteskes wie Poetisches äußert. Dargestellt wird, wie sich diese Momente sowohl in den Zwischenräumen des Berliner Hauptbahnhofs wie auch des Jüdischen Museums aktualisierten und die Gewissheiten des Alltäglichen mit ästhetischen Mitteln kritisch herausforderten.
Clozapine N-Oxide Administration Produces Behavioral Effects in Long–Evans Rats: Implications for Designing DREADD Experiments
Authors: MacLaren Duncan A. A. , Browne Richard W. , Shaw Jessica K. , Krishnan Radhakrishnan Sandhya , Khare Prachi , España Rodrigo A. , Clark Stewart D.
Published: October 2016

Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is a ligand for a powerful chemogenetic system that can selectively inhibit or activate neurons; the so-called Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) system. This system consists of synthetic G-protein-coupled receptors, which are not believed to be activated by any endogenous ligand, but are activated by the otherwise inert CNO. However, it has previously been shown that the administration of CNO in humans and rats leads to detectable levels of the bioactive compounds clozapine andN-desmethylclozapine (N-Des). As a follow-up, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CNO in male Long–Evans rats. It was found that 1 mg/kg CNO reduced the acoustic startle reflex but had no effect on prepulse inhibition (PPI; a measure of sensorimotor gating). CNO (2 and 5 mg/kg) had no effect on the disruption to PPI induced by the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine or the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. In locomotor studies, CNO alone (at 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) had no effect on spontaneous locomotion, but 5 mg/kg CNO pretreatment significantly attenuatedd-amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. In line with the behavioral results, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry found that 5 mg/kg CNO significantly attenuated thed-amphetamine-induced increase in evoked dopamine. However, the effects seen after CNO administration cannot be definitively ascribed to CNO because biologically relevant levels of clozapine andN-Des were found in plasma after CNO injection. Our results show that CNO has multiple dose-dependent effectsin vivoand is converted to clozapine andN-Des emphasizing the need for a CNO-only DREADD-free control group when designing DREADD-based experiments.
Timing surgery in mitral regurgitation: defining risk and optimising intervention using stress echocardiography
Authors: Liu Boyang , Edwards Nicola C. , Ray Simon , Steeds Richard P.
Published: October 2016

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most common form of valvular disease requiring surgery. Correct identification of surgical candidates and optimising the timing of surgery are key in management. For primary MR, this relies upon a balance between the peri-operative risks and rates of successful repair in patients undergoing early surgery when asymptomatic with the potential risk of irreversible left ventricular dysfunction if intervention is performed too late. For secondary MR, recognition that this is a highly dynamic condition where MR severity may change is key, although data on outcomes in determining whether concomitant valve intervention is performed with revascularisation has raised questions regarding timing of surgery. There has been substantial interest in the use of stress echocardiography to risk stratify patients in mitral regurgitation. This article reviews the role of stress echocardiography in both primary and secondary mitral regurgitation and discusses how this can help clinicians tackle the challenges of this prevalent condition.
Modelling aspects of oviduct fluid formation in vitro
Authors: Simintiras Constantine A , Fröhlich Thomas , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Arnold Georg J , Ulbrich Susanne E , Leese Henry J , Sturmey Roger G
Published: October 2016

Oviduct fluid is the microenvironment that supports early reproductive processes including fertilisation, embryo cleavage and genome activation. However, the composition and regulation of this critical environment remain rather poorly defined. This study uses anin vitropreparation of the bovine oviduct epithelium to investigate the formation and composition ofin vitro-derived oviduct fluid (ivDOF) within a controlled environment. We confirm the presence of oviduct-specific glycoprotein 1 inivDOF and show that the amino acid and carbohydrate content resembles that of previously reportedin vivodata. In parallel, using a different culture system, a panel of oviduct epithelial solute carrier genes and the corresponding flux of amino acids withinivDOF in response to steroid hormones were investigated. We next incorporated fibroblasts directly beneath the epithelium. This dual culture arrangement represents more faithfully thein vivoenvironment and impacts onivDOF composition. Lastly, physiological and pathophysiological endocrine states were modelled and their impact on thein vitrooviduct preparation was evaluated. These experiments help clarify the dynamic function of the oviductin vitroand suggest a number of future research avenues, such as investigating epithelial–fibroblast interactions, probing the molecular aetiologies of subfertility and optimising embryo culture media.
Time Trends and Determinants of Fistula in Cleft Patients at BC Children's Hospital, Canada
Authors: Salimi Negar , Aleksejüunienė Jolanta , Yen Edwin , Loo Angelina
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To examine the time trends and determinants of palatal fistula in children with different types of cleft at British Columbia's Children's Hospital between 1995 and 2012.

Methods:

A total of 558 medical charts of nonsyndromic patients with cleft lip and palate were eligible for the chart review. The occurrence of primary palatal fistula was assessed at any time throughout the patient's total observation period. Three types of clefts were recorded: unilateral cleft lip and palate (ULCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BLCLP), and isolated cleft palate (ICP). Cleft severity, time period of treatment, type of surgery and surgeon's experience were tested as determinants.

Results:

Of all 558 patients, 228 had ULCLP, 226 had ICP, and 104 had BLCLP. The combined postoperative palatal fistula rate was 28%. The significant differences in fistula rates related to type of cleft (patients with BLCLP had the highest fistula rates), time period (rates were higher in earlier years than in later years), type of surgery (highest rates were for two-flap palatoplasty), and surgeons with less experience.

Conclusions:

Almost one quarter of the patients, developed fistula, and fistula incidence declined after 2009. The higher fistula rates were determined by cleft severity, time period of treatment, type of surgery, and surgeon's experience.
Numerical study on pull-out capacity of torpedo anchors in clay
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Hossain M. S.
Published: October 2016

This paper reports the results from dynamic finite-element analyses undertaken to provide insight into the behaviour of torpedo anchors during pullout in non-homogeneous clay. The results were validated against field data prior to undertaking a parametric study, exploring the relevant range of parameters in terms of installation effect, impact velocity, anchor geometry, padeye position, pullout angle. Installation method (e.g. quasi-static and dynamic installation) has shown significant influence on the vertical pullout capacity, but that influence reduced to marginal for lateral pullout. The inclined pullout capacity was dictated by the anchor weight and fully mobilised anchor-soil contact surface area and consequently the capacity increased with increasing the number of fins. Due to the lower weight and total surface area, the 45° (at the padeye) pullout capacity of the finless anchor was 29% of that of the considered four-fin anchor. The results showed that this percentage can be increased to 83% by shifting the padeye location of the finless anchor to 0·56 times the anchor shaft length from the top. Anchor capacity under inclined pullout loading was presented as failure envelopes expressed in terms of dimensionless vertical and horizontal components, which lied between the envelops developed for piles and embedded foundations.
Centrifuge modelling and analysis of site liquefaction subjected to biaxial dynamic excitations
Authors: El Shafee O. , Abdoun T. , Zeghal M.
Published: October 2016

The paper presents a series of centrifuge tests simulating a level site consisting of granular soil deposits subjected to various biaxial and uniaxial base excitations. The tests were conducted at RPI NEES centrifuge facility to assess the dynamic response characteristics of level deposits under multidirectional shaking. Synthetic sinusoidal waves were used as base excitations to test loose models under biaxial and uniaxial shaking. Dense arrays of accelerometers were used to monitor the deposit response along with pore water pressure transducers. Two uniaxial tests and one biaxial shaking test were conducted on three similar soil models to study the impact of multidirectional shaking on the generation of soil liquefaction. The two uniaxial shaking tests consisted of: (a) a test with input energy content using an Arias intensity similar to that of the biaxial input shaking and (b) a test with 10% increase in one of the components of the biaxial shake amplitude, as commonly done in practice for uniaxial simulation of multidirectional field shaking. The observed acceleration and pore pressure are used along with non-parametric identification procedures to estimate the corresponding dynamic shear stress–strain histories. The measured results along with the stress and strain histories obtained are used for two purposes: first, to shed light on the properties of liquefaction occurring through the stratum under uniaxial shaking; second, to show the difference in soil behaviour when it is subjected to biaxial shaking. The latter purpose is evident in the strain energy generated in the biaxial test compared to that of equivalent and traditional uniaxial tests.