bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contestations of Imperial Citizenship: Student Protest and Organizing in Qatar's Education City
Authors: Al-Saleh Danya , Vora Neha
Published: December 2020

Texas A&M, a public land grant university in College Station, Texas, has a long history of engagement with the Bush family. These ties highlight the university's entanglement with US imperial enterprises, which extend into the Persian Gulf. George H. W. Bush's own explanation of why he decided to place his presidential library at the campus despite not attending Texas A&M focused on these connections: “Over the years, Aggies have provided great service to the Armed Forces of our country. Patriotism abounds at A&M.” Meanwhile, Qatar hosts the largest concentration of US troops abroad. The US military's Central Command is at Al Udeid Air Base, not far from the Education City complex that hosts TAMUQ and several branch campuses of American and other foreign universities. The students at these institutions are Qatari citizens, South Asian and Arab immigrants, and international students, primarily from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
Environmental factors drive the release of Perkinsus marinus from infected oysters
Authors: Gignoux-Wolfsohn Sarah A. , Newcomb Matilda S. R. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Pagenkopp Lohan Katrina M.
Published: December 2020

Since the discovery of Perkinsus marinus as the cause of dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, salinity and temperature have been identified as the main environmental drivers of parasite prevalence. However, little is known about how these variables affect the movement of the parasite from host to water column. In order to elucidate how environmental factors can influence the abundance of this parasite in the water column, we conducted a series of experiments testing the effects of time of day, temperature and salinity on the release of P. marinus cells from infected oysters. We found that P. marinus cells were released on a diurnal cycle, with most cells released during the hottest and brightest period of the day (12:00–18:00). Temperature also had a strong and immediate effect on the number of cells released, but salinity did not, only influencing the intensity of infection over the course of several months. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (1) the number of parasites in the water column fluctuates according to a diurnal cycle, (2) temperature and salinity act on different timescales to influence parasite abundance, and (3) live infected oysters may substantially contribute to the abundance of transmissive parasites in the water column under particular environmental conditions.
Human-carnivore coexistence: factors influencing stakeholder attitudes towards large carnivores and conservation in Zimbabwe
Authors: van der Meer Esther , Dullemont Hans
Published: December 2020

Promoting human-carnivore coexistence is a main component of carnivore conservation. Coexistence programmes are usually informed by attitudinal studies that evaluate intended behaviour towards carnivores. This questionnaire survey assesses attitudes of governmental and non-governmental conservation stakeholders in Zimbabwe towards living with carnivores, large carnivore species and the conservation of wildlife, and determines whether being part of coexistence programmes (CAMPFIRE, TFCAs) positively affects attitudes. Stakeholder attitudes were most positive when employment was directly related to wildlife and stakeholders had knowledge about and exposure to carnivores. Stakeholders who depend on livestock and/or had little knowledge about and less exposure to carnivores were most negative, this included governmental stakeholders responsible for natural resource management. Positive attitudes were largely based on the aesthetic and economic value of carnivores, while negative attitudes were based on the fear of livestock loss and perceived danger to humans. Subsistence farmers were the most negative stakeholders, as such, the focus on this group to promote coexistence seems justified. However, although some stakeholders were more positive in CAMPFIRE areas or TFCAs, CAMPFIRE and TFCAs failed to improve attitudes of subsistence farmers, which highlights a need to evaluate and adapt these programmes.
Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Goings Trenette Clark , Yu Tianyi , Brody Gene H.
Published: December 2020

African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19–21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent–child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19–21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk–childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas.
Emergency Basic Income during the Pandemic
Authors: DE WISPELAERE JURGEN , MORALES LETICIA
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on an emergency basic income (EBI) as a tool for avoiding financial insecurity during the time of pandemic. The authors argue that paying each resident a monthly cash amount for the duration of the crisis would serve to protect them from the economic fallout.They suggest three reasons why the EBI proposal is particularly well-suited to play an important role in a comprehensive public health response to COVID-19: it offers an immediate and agile response; it prioritizes the most vulnerable in the affected population; and it promotes a solidaristic response to the pandemic crisis. To go beyond the need to shut down and restart an EBI assistance scheme each time a pandemic hits, the authors propose considering turning the program into a permanent feature.
Interplanetary Origins of Some Intense Geomagnetic Storms During Solar Cycle 24 and the Responses of African Equatorial/Low‐Latitude Ionosphere to Them
Authors: Arowolo O. A. , Akala A. O. , Oyeyemi E. O.
Published: December 2020

The interplanetary origins of eight selected intense geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycle 24 and the responses of total electron content (TEC) at eight African equatorial/low‐latitude stations to these storms were investigated. The responses of scintillations at Dakar and Addis Ababa to the 2011 and 2013 storms were also studied. Six of the eight storms were driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) transients: sheath fields, magnetic clouds, or both. The other two were driven by Co‐rotating interaction region (CIR). In the African equatorial/low‐latitude ionosphere, the TEC was particularly modified by the geomagnetic storms investigated. Our results showed that TEC responses to these storms' initial phases were generally negative. The ICME‐driven storms with daytime main phases caused pole‐ward transport of plasma from the magnetic equator toward the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests and equator‐ward movement of plasma from the daytime EIA crests’ locations, for those with local nighttime main phases, which we attributed to the effect of prompt penetration electric field diurnal orientations. We observed that all the phases of the two CIR‐driven storms majorly recorded negative ionospheric phases. Overall, the storm‐phase‐related equatorial/low‐latitude ionospheric responses were observed to be local time‐dependent and governed by the geomagnetic storms' interplanetary drivers. Comparatively, the CIR‐driven storms investigated were less geoeffective than the ICME transients‐driven storms investigated.
Effect of Decreasing Biological Lability on Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Streams
Authors: Li Angang , Drummond Jennifer D. , Bowen Jennifer C. , Cory Rose M. , Kaplan Louis A. , Packman Aaron I.
Published: December 2020

Respiration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in streams contributes to the global CO2 efflux, yet this efflux has not been linked to specific DOM sources and their respective uptake rates. Further, removal of DOM inferred from longitudinal concentration gradients in river networks has been insufficient to account for observed CO2 outgassing. We hypothesize that understanding in‐stream dynamics of DOM, which is a heterogeneous mixture spanning a wide range of biological labilities, requires considering that DOM lability decreases during downstream transport. To test this hypothesis, we paired seasonal bioreactor measurements of DOM biological lability with whole‐stream tracer data from White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania, USA, and used a particle‐tracking model to predict in‐stream DOM dynamics. The model simulates continuous inputs of DOM and uses storage time in the stream bioactive regions plus kinetic parameters from bioreactors to assess differential uptake of DOM fractions (i.e., fractionation) in the stream. We compared predictions for in‐stream dynamics of bulk DOM concentration (quantified as dissolved organic carbon) and fluorescent DOM components. Our model‐data synthesis approach demonstrates that more labile fractions of DOM in stream water preferentially originate and are consumed within short travel distances, causing spiraling metrics to change with downstream distance. Our model can account for local sources of rapidly cycled labile DOM, providing a basis for improved interpretation of DOM dynamics in streams that can reconcile apparent discrepancies between respiratory outgassing of CO2 and longitudinal DOM concentration gradients within river networks.
Dirac solitons in optical microresonators
Authors: Wang Heming , Lu Yu-Kun , Wu Lue , Oh Dong Yoon , Shen Boqiang , Lee Seung Hoon , Vahala Kerry
Published: December 2020

Mode-coupling-induced dispersion has been used to engineer microresonators for soliton generation at the edge of the visible band. Here, we show that the optical soliton formed in this way is analogous to optical Bragg solitons and, more generally, to the Dirac soliton in quantum field theory. This optical Dirac soliton is studied theoretically, and a closed-form solution is derived in the corresponding conservative system. Both analytical and numerical solutions show unusual properties, such as polarization twisting and asymmetrical optical spectra. The closed-form solution is also used to study the repetition rate shift in the soliton. An observation of the asymmetrical spectrum is analysed using theory. The properties of Dirac optical solitons in microresonators are important at a fundamental level and provide a road map for soliton microcomb generation in the visible band.
Extremely fast electrochromic supercapacitors based on mesoporous WO3 prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly
Authors: Kim Keon-Woo , Yun Tae Yong , You Sang-Hoon , Tang Xiaowu , Lee Jaeyong , Seo Yeseong , Kim Yong-Tae , Kim Se Hyun , Moon Hong Chul , Kim Jin Kon
Published: December 2020

Mesoporous metal oxides consisting of fully interconnected network structures with small pores (20–50 nm) have high surface areas and decreased ion intercalation distances, making them ideal for use in high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs). Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), which combines sol–gel chemistry and molecular self-assembly, is a powerful method for the fabrication of mesoporous metal oxides through a solution phase synthesis. Herein, we introduce ultrafast sub-1 s ECSs based on an amorphous mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) that is prepared by EISA. Compared to that of a compact-WO3 film-based device, the performances of an ECS with mesoporous WO3 exhibits a large optical modulation (76% at 700 nm), ultrafast switching speeds (0.8 s for coloration and 0.4 s for bleaching), and a high areal capacitance (2.57 mF/cm2), even at a high current density (1.0 mA/cm2). In addition, the excellent device stability during the coloration/bleaching and charging/discharging cycles is observed under fast response conditions. Moreover, we fabricated a patterned mesoporous WO3 for ECS displays (ECSDs) via printing-assisted EISA (PEISA). The resulting ECSDs can be used as portable energy-storage devices, and their electrochromic reflective displays change color according to their stored energy level. The ECSDs in this work have enormous potential for use in next-generation smart windows for buildings and as portable energy storage displays.
Structure and properties of densified silica glass: characterizing the order within disorder
Authors: Onodera Yohei , Kohara Shinji , Salmon Philip S. , Hirata Akihiko , Nishiyama Norimasa , Kitani Suguru , Zeidler Anita , Shiga Motoki , Masuno Atsunobu , Inoue Hiroyuki , Tahara Shuta , Polidori Annalisa , Fischer Henry E. , Mori Tatsuya , Kojima Seiji , Kawaji Hitoshi , Kolesnikov Alexander I. , Stone Matthew B. , Tucker Matthew G. , McDonnell Marshall T. , Hannon Alex C. , Hiraoka Yasuaki , Obayashi Ippei , Nakamura Takenobu , Akola Jaakko , Fujii Yasuhiro , Ohara Koji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sakata Osami
Published: December 2020

The broken symmetry in the atomic-scale ordering of glassy versus crystalline solids leads to a daunting challenge to provide suitable metrics for describing the order within disorder, especially on length scales beyond the nearest neighbor that are characterized by rich structural complexity. Here, we address this challenge for silica, a canonical network-forming glass, by using hot versus cold compression to (i) systematically increase the structural ordering after densification and (ii) prepare two glasses with the same high-density but contrasting structures. The structure was measured by high-energy X-ray and neutron diffraction, and atomistic models were generated that reproduce the experimental results. The vibrational and thermodynamic properties of the glasses were probed by using inelastic neutron scattering and calorimetry, respectively. Traditional measures of amorphous structures show relatively subtle changes upon compacting the glass. The method of persistent homology identifies, however, distinct features in the network topology that change as the initially open structure of the glass is collapsed. The results for the same high-density glasses show that the nature of structural disorder does impact the heat capacity and boson peak in the low-frequency dynamical spectra. Densification is discussed in terms of the loss of locally favored tetrahedral structures comprising oxygen-decorated SiSi4 tetrahedra.
Remembrance of things practiced with fast and slow learning in cortical and subcortical pathways
Authors: Murray James M. , Escola G. Sean
Published: December 2020

The learning of motor skills unfolds over multiple timescales, with rapid initial gains in performance followed by a longer period in which the behavior becomes more refined, habitual, and automatized. While recent lesion and inactivation experiments have provided hints about how various brain areas might contribute to such learning, their precise roles and the neural mechanisms underlying them are not well understood. In this work, we propose neural- and circuit-level mechanisms by which motor cortex, thalamus, and striatum support motor learning. In this model, the combination of fast cortical learning and slow subcortical learning gives rise to a covert learning process through which control of behavior is gradually transferred from cortical to subcortical circuits, while protecting learned behaviors that are practiced repeatedly against overwriting by future learning. Together, these results point to a new computational role for thalamus in motor learning and, more broadly, provide a framework for understanding the neural basis of habit formation and the automatization of behavior through practice.
Higher than present global mean sea level recorded by an Early Pliocene intertidal unit in Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Rovere Alessio , Pappalardo Marta , Richiano Sebastian , Aguirre Marina , Sandstrom Michael R. , Hearty Paul J. , Austermann Jacqueline , Castellanos Ignacio , Raymo Maureen E.
Published: December 2020

Reconstructions of global mean sea level from earlier warm periods in Earth’s history can help constrain future projections of sea level rise. Here we report on the sedimentology and age of a geological unit in central Patagonia, Argentina, that we dated to the Early Pliocene (4.69–5.23 Ma, 2σ) with strontium isotope stratigraphy. The unit was interpreted as representative of an intertidal environment, and its elevation was measured with differential GPS at ca. 36 m above present-day sea level. Considering modern tidal ranges, it was possible to constrain paleo relative sea level within  ±2.7 m (1σ). We use glacial isostatic adjustment models and estimates of vertical land movement to calculate that, when the Camarones intertidal sequence was deposited, global mean sea level was 28.4 ± 11.7 m (1σ) above present. This estimate matches those derived from analogous Early Pliocene sea level proxies in the Mediterranean Sea and South Africa. Evidence from these three locations indicates that Early Pliocene sea level may have exceeded 20m above its present level. Such high global mean sea level values imply an ice-free Greenland, a significant melting of West Antarctica, and a contribution of marine-based sectors of East Antarctica to global mean sea level.
Experimental proof for emission annihilation through bond elongation at the carbon–carbon bond in o-carborane with fused biphenyl-substituted compounds
Authors: Ochi Junki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: December 2020

By introducing the fused structure for suppressing rotation, it is shown that the bond extension at the o-carborane unit is responsible for emission quenching in solution. The mechanism of aggregation-induced emission is clarified.
Phosphido-bis(borane) complexes of the alkaline earth metals
Authors: Izod Keith , Watson James M. , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William
Published: December 2020

The phosphido-bis(borane) complexes 2–4 crystallise with remarkably similar structures, in spite of the progressively increasing ionic radii of the metal centres.
Assembly of polyoxometalate-thiacalix[4]arene-based inorganic–organic hybrids as efficient catalytic oxidation desulfurization catalysts
Authors: Li Jie , Du Peng , Liu Ying-Ying , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: December 2020

Three POM-thiacalix[4]arene-based organic–inorganic hybrids have been achieved by applying a tetrazole-functionalized thiacalix[4]arene ligand. Hybrids (1) and (3) exhibited efficient catalytic abilities for oxidation desulfurization reactions.
1,3-Bis(pyridineylidene)isoindoline: an isoindoline chelate with a stretched electronic structure
Authors: Gaire Sanjay , Schrage Briana R. , Nemykin Victor N. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: December 2020

A new analog of 1,3-bis(pyridylimino)isoindoline with bridging CCN groups can be produced via a one-step reaction. This ligand can bind metal ions and exhibits significantly red shifted absorption properties.
Quenching of ketone triplet excited states by atmospheric halides
Authors: Gemayel R. , Emmelin C. , Perrier S. , Tomaz S. , Baboomian V. J. , Fishman D. A. , Nizkorodov S. A. , Dumas S. , George C.
Published: December 2020

The photosensitized chemistry of three aromatic ketones (xanthone, flavone, and acetophenone) and also of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) arising from the photo-oxidation of naphthalene was investigated by means of transient absorption spectroscopy.
Titanium–oxo cluster reinforced gel polymer electrolyte enabling lithium–sulfur batteries with high gravimetric energy densities
Authors: Pei Fei , Dai Shuqi , Guo Baofu , Xie Hao , Zhao Chaowei , Cui Jingqin , Fang Xiaoliang , Chen Chengmeng , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: December 2020

A titanium–oxo cluster-reinforced gel polymer electrolyte is developed to improve the performance of high-sulfur-loading lithium–sulfur batteries under lean electrolyte conditions.
Ag nanoparticles enhancingPhaseolus vulgarisseedling development: understanding nanoparticle migration and chemical transformation across the seed coat
Authors: Savassa Susilaine Maira , Castillo-Michel Hiram , Pradas del Real Ana Elena , Reyes-Herrera Juan , Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , de Carvalho Hudson W. P.
Published: December 2020

Synchrotron techniques allow a systematic study in tissues from thePhaseolus vulgarisseed coat treated with different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles.
Transition metal oxynitride catalysts for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia
Authors: Ologunagba Damilola , Kattel Shyam
Published: December 2020

DFT calculations predict a volcano-like relationship between limiting potential and nitrogen binding energy on TMNOs.
Flexible MnO nanoparticle-anchored N-doped porous carbon nanofiber interlayers for superior performance lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yan Jing , Liu Min , Deng Nanping , Wang Liyuan , Sylvestre Alain , Kang Weimin , Zhao Yixia
Published: December 2020

Flexible MnO nanoparticle-anchored N-doped porous carbon nanofiber interlayers were prepared by electrospinning for superior performance lithium metal anodes.
Switching to the brighter lane: pathways to boost the absorption of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles
Authors: Marin Riccardo , Jaque Daniel , Benayas Antonio
Published: December 2020

The use of organic dyes, semiconductors, and plasmonic nanostructures are three of the most promising strategies to make lanthanide-doped nanoparticles brighter by means of increasing their absorption capabilities.
Fine-regulating ultramicropores in porous carbonviaa self-sacrificial template route for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Yunbo , Yuan Ye , Xu Yanmei , Zheng Guiyue , Zhang Qian , Jiang Yuqian , Wang Zeyu , Bu Naishun , Xia Lixin , Yan Zhuojun
Published: December 2020

The microporosity of carbon materials was finely adjusted from ∼10 Å to 0.56 Åviaa self-sacrificial template route, which provides an effective path for electrolyte penetration and transportation to realize high-performance supercapacitors.
Position selective dielectric polarization enhancement in CNT based heterostructures for highly efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Hu Haihua , Zheng Yun , Ren Kun , Wang Jieying , Zhang Yanhui , Zhang Xuefeng , Che Renchao , Qin Gaowu , Jiang Yong
Published: December 2020

Enhanced interfacial polarization at the inner surface of CNTs is the key factor in the high-performance microwave absorption of CNT-based materials.
Synergism of multiple functional chromophores significantly enhancing the birefringence in layered non-centrosymmetric chalcohalides
Authors: Huang Junben , Cheng Jianian , Lei Bing-Hua , Wei Zhonglei , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: December 2020

Compared with one or two functional chromophores materials, Hg3AsQ4X (Q = S, Se; X = Cl, Br, I) with multiple ones generate extremely large birefringence due to the synergism of the d10cation Hg2+, lone pair layer of As3+and mixed anions Q2−/X−.
Free-standing TiO2 nanotubes decorated with spherical nickel nanoparticles as a cost-efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Haryński Łukasz , Grochowska Katarzyna , Karczewski Jakub , Ryl Jacek , Rysz Jakub , Siuzdak Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

In this work, we show the electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of spherical nickel nanoparticles (NPs) electrodeposited onto free-standing TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) via cyclic voltammetry.
Intrinsically flame-retardant polyamide 66 with high flame retardancy and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Jingnan , Lian Siming , He Yifan , Cao Xinyu , Shang Jiaming , Liu Qingyun , Ye Gang , Zheng Kun , Ma Yongmei
Published: December 2020

The key factor in the synthesis of intrinsic flame retardant polymers is the thermal stability and reactivity of phosphorus-based flame retardants.
Microfluidics for core–shell drug carrier particles – a review
Authors: Yazdian Kashani Sepideh , Afzalian Amir , Shirinichi Farbod , Keshavarz Moraveji Mostafa
Published: December 2020

Microfluidics application for core–shell drug carrier particles synthesis and the advantages of using this technique compared to conventional bulk methods.
Thermodynamics of the double sulfates Na2M2+(SO4)2·nH2O (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,n= 2 or 4) of the blödite–kröhnkite family
Authors: Majzlan Juraj , Marinova Delyana , Dachs Edgar
Published: December 2020

The double sulfates with the general formula Na2M2+(SO4)2·nH2O (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,n= 2 or 4) are being considered as materials for electrodes in sodium-based batteries or as precursors for such materials.
Photoactivatable prodrug for simultaneous release of mertansine and CO along with a BODIPY derivative as a luminescent marker in mitochondria: a proof of concept for NIR image-guided cancer therapy
Authors: Tiwari Rajeshwari , Shinde Prashant S. , Sreedharan Sreejesh , Dey Anik Kumar , Vallis Katherine A. , Mhaske Santosh B. , Pramanik Sumit Kumar , Das Amitava
Published: December 2020

Simultaneous release of two therapeutic reagents, mertansine and CO through photo-induced cleavage of a mitochondria-specific prodrug with improved drug efficacy.
Rationally constructing nitrogen–fluorine heteroatoms on porous carbon derived from pomegranate fruit peel waste towards an efficient oxygen reduction catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Akula Srinu , Varathan Prabakaran , Menon Rahul S. , Sahu Akhila Kumar
Published: December 2020

N,F dual-doped metal-free electrocatalyst synthesized from pomegranate fruit peels waste and its application in the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
In situ growth of an opal-like TiO2 electron transport layer by atomic layer deposition for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lu Hao , Gu Bangkai , Fang Song
Published: December 2020

Here, we use an atomic layer deposition system and different sizes of polystyrene colloidal spheres to in situ prepare an opal-like TiO2 mesoporous electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells.
Stimuli-responsive engineered living materials
Authors: Rivera-Tarazona Laura K. , Campbell Zachary T. , Ware Taylor H.
Published: December 2020

Engineered living materials integrate genetic engineering and synthetic materials to program stimuli responses that enable the fabrication of devices for diverse applications.
A flexible, integrated film battery configuration for ultrafast sodium ion storage
Authors: Zhao Wenyu , Wang Helin , Li Shaowen , Tang Xiaoyu , Zhang Min , Mustehsin Ali , Bai Miao , Liu Siyuan , Sun Changchun , Ma Yue
Published: December 2020

A flexible thin-film full cell prototype was fabricated by integrating a composite anode (1T-MoS2/NCF) and a NASICON-type cathode (NVPF) onto both sides of a nano-AlOx modified polyethylene (AlOx-MPE) separator via the spin-coating process.
Comprehensive view on recent developments in hydrogen evolution using MoS2 on a Si photocathode: from electronic to electrochemical aspects
Authors: Jena Anirudha , Chen Chih-Jung , Chang Ho , Hu Shu-Fen , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: December 2020

Illumination-assisted splitting of water by surface modified Si/MoS2 facilitates carrier transfer and improves device efficiency for hydrogen evolution.
Synthesis of monoclinic Ho,Tm:KLu(WO4)2 microrods with high photothermal conversion efficiency via a thermal decomposition-assisted method
Authors: Nexha Albenc , Carvajal Joan J. , Pujol Maria Cinta , Díaz Francesc , Aguiló Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Monoclinic potassium lutetium double tungstate (KLu(WO4)2) microcrystals with precise rod shape were synthesized using a novel thermal decomposition-assisted method, exhibiting a high photothermal conversion efficiency (66%).
Discovery of a new phosphorviaaliovalent cation substitution: DFT predictions, phase transition and luminescence properties for lighting and anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Liu Hongmin , Zhang Wenye , Liang Hongwei , Zeng Qingguang , Shi Jianxin , Wen Dawei
Published: December 2020

Aliovalent substitution induces phase transition, generating new hosts for luminescence applications.
Long lifetime phosphorescence and X-ray scintillation of chlorobismuthate hybrids incorporating ionic liquid cations
Authors: Jin Jian-Ce , Lin Yang-Peng , Wu Yi-Heng , Gong Liao-Kuo , Shen Nan-Nan , Song Ying , Ma Wen , Zhang Zhi-Zhuan , Du Ke-Zhao , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: December 2020

Phosphorescence and X-ray scintillation are achieved for chlorobismuthate hybrids incorporating ionic liquid cations.
A variable magnetic disc wind in the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105?
Authors: Ratheesh A. , Tombesi F. , Fukumura K. , Soffitta P. , Costa E. , Kazanas D.
Published: December 2020

Context. GRS 1915+105 being one of the brightest transient black hole binaries (BHBs) in the X-rays offers a unique testbed for the study of the connection between accretion and ejection mechanisms in BHBs. In particular, this source can be used to study the accretion disc wind and its dependence on the state changes in BHBs.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the origin and geometry of the accretion disc wind in GRS 1915+105. This study will provide a basis for planning future observations with the X-ray Imaging Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), and may also provide important parameters for estimating the polarimetric signal with the upcoming Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE).

Methods. We analysed the spectra of GRS 1915+105 in the soft ϕ and hard χ classes using the high-resolution spectroscopy offered by Chandra HETGS. In the soft state, we find a series of wind absorption lines that follow a non-linear dependence of velocity width, velocity shift, and equivalent width with respect to ionisation, indicating a multiple component or stratified outflow. In the hard state we find only a faint Fe XXVI absorption line. We model the absorption lines in both the states using a dedicated magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) wind model to investigate a magnetic origin of the wind and to probe the cause of variability in the observed line flux between the two states.

Conclusions. The MHD disc wind model provides a good fit for both states, indicating the possibility of a magnetic origin of the wind. The multiple ionisation components of the wind are well characterised as a stratification of the same magnetic outflow. We find that the observed variability in the line flux between soft and hard states cannot be explained by photo-ionisation alone but is most likely due to a large (three orders of magnitude) increase in the wind density. We find the mass outflow rate of the wind to be comparable to the accretion rate, suggesting an intimate link between accretion and ejection processes that lead to state changes in BHBs.
Marine ornamental trade in Indonesia
Authors: Akmal Surya G. , Zámečníková-Wanma Brigitta P.D. , Prabowo Romanus E. , Khatami Aulia M. , Novák Jindřich , Petrtýl Miloslav , Kalous Lukáš , Patoka Jiří
Published: December 2020

Trade with marine species as ornamentals is an important sector of the international pet trade. The vast majority of these species are collected from the wild and one of the top supplying countries is Indonesia. Detailed evidence on trade with marine resources in Indonesia is lacking or it is hardly accessible. Moreover, the exploitation of ornamental species seems to be mostly uncontrolled. This study presents detailed characteristics of such trade for Indonesia, including the offered species, their sizes, prices, and conservation status, based on data and information obtained from wholesalers in 2018. The main provinces of marine wildlife collecting are also identified. In total, 777 marine vertebrate and invertebrate species were traded, belonging to 174 families including two species classified as endangered: Banggai cardinal fish (Pterapogon kauderni) and zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum). Commonly traded was red lionfish (Pterois volitans), known to be a successful invader. The volume of ornamental marine fish exported from Indonesia in period 2015–2019 was 3 353 983 kgs sold for 33 123 218 USD. The province of Bali was identified as the main exporter of ornamental marine fish within Indonesia. These findings should help to establish sustainable exploitation of marine resources in relation to conservation and wildlife management.
Which variables influence the succession process in family farms? A literature review
Authors: Rodriguez-Lizano Víctor , Montero-Vega Mercedes , Sibelet Nicole
Published: December 2020

The decrease in family farm succession is a problem in many countries worldwide. However, no systematic compilation of relevant studies exists. The method of analysis described in this article enabled us to obtain descriptive statistical results such as: most-studied variables, least-studied variables, patterns in the effects of the variables on succession, new types of variables analyzed, and principal approaches of the qualitative studies. We conducted a literature search in four databases, which resulted in 59 papers relevant to the topic. Twenty-nine of them are quantitative and 30 are qualitative. The literature search in peer-reviewed journals in English resulted primarily in articles from developed countries. Due to this, the selection, analysis and results turned out to be focused on Global North countries. Likewise, the studies considered are focused mainly on the opinion of the principal farmer and disregard that of other family members. From the quantitative studies, we analyzed five groups of variables (farmer, farm, family, context and psychological variables). The farmer variables are the most studied and the context and psychological variables are the least studied. We identified four axes around which the qualitative studies focused: socioeconomic factors, communication between father and heir about the process of succession, integration in decision-making and trust in the heir, and training the successor. Adding new countries (e.g.from Sub-Saharan Africa) and generating new models including psychological, context, and qualitative variables could lead to new ways of understanding such a complex issue.
Information system development for restricting access to software tool built on microservice architecture
Authors: Safaryan Olga , Pinevich Elena , Roshchina Evgenia , Cherckesova Larissa , Kolennikova Nadezhda
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to improving the security of an information system by introducing an authentication system into distributed information systems, developing and implementing a secure software architecture built on a microservice architecture. That kind of architecture ensures the prevention of unauthorized access to confidential information processed in the application. Achieving this goal it is necessary to use authorization methods, the basics of building secure applications and the basics of database management systems.
Logical-probabilistic and simulation modeling as a toolkit for complex analysis and risk management of a cargo port
Authors: Bondareva I.O. , Shendo M.V. , Luneva T.V. , Khanova A.A.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a structural model of the risk of failure to achieve the strategic goal of a cargo port, supplemented by several levels of consideration. The model of scenarios of all existing significant risks is developed. The hybrid logical-probabilistic model, the cascade logicalprobabilistic model and the multi-level cascade hybrid LP-model of the risk of failure to achieve the main strategic goal of the port are proposed. The main idea is to link together the technology of formalizing risks using the constructed logical and probabilistic models and simulation modeling, the interpretation of the results of which is possible using LP-models and scenarios. The proposed models allow to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the risk of failure to achieve the strategic goal of a cargo port based on the scenario formalization of risks of various management levels, as well as to simplify the process of interpreting the results of simulation modeling taking into account external factors of influence. Complex using of all this models allows to develop timely informed management decisions.
Modeling the effect of paying basic income to unemployed citizens of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bobkov V. N. , Kolmakov I. B. , Odintsova E. V.
Published: December 2020

The substantiation of the mechanism of payment of temporary basic income for unemployed Russian citizens registered with the state employment service is proposed. The introduction of this mechanism is considered as a possible experiment for testing transitional forms of universal basic income in the Russian Federation. The modeling was carried out using the R1-4 simulation expert model of GDP reproduction of the Russian economy, which is adapted to assess the effect and costs of the proposed hypothetical “Conditional Basic Income (CBI) Program”. The functioning of the CBI Program after one-time start-up costs for its launch is ensured in the future by the annual multiplicative increase in the consolidated budget income of the Russian Federation.
The effectiveness of silicon-containing preparations as fertilizers for sugar beet
Authors: Kulikova A , Isaichev V , Yashin E , Saidyasheva G
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of trials of silicon-containing preparations ADK (amorphous silicon dioxide) and Risilika (pyrolysate of rice husks and straw) as fertilizers for sugar beet in field experiments. The experimental design included seven options: 1. Control; 2nd, 3rdand 4thoptions with the application of ADK into the soil at doses of 100, 250, 500 kg / ha; 5th,6thand 7thoptions - Risilika in appropriate doses. Both preparations had a positive effect on the nutrient regime of the soil (the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon), yield and quality of sugar beet roots. The yield of roots when using ADK as a fertilizer increased by 3.32-6.52 t/ha (14-27%), Risilika - by 1.92-4.75 t/ha (8-19%). The yield increases as a result of raising preparation doses. At the same time, the increase in sugar content provided an additional yield of more than 1 ton of sugar per hectare.
Prevention of protein deficiency in dairy bull calves during fattening
Authors: Kharitonov E L , Ostrenko K S , Lemiasheuski V. O. , Galochkina V P
Published: December 2020

The problem of low-quality protein in the diet of animals leads to excessive formation of a by-product (ammonia) in the rumen, which is not involved in the synthesis of microbial protein. The aim of the study is to develop a method for the prevention of protein deficiency in dairy bull calves. Bull calves of Kholmogorsk breed were grown in the vivarium of Institute under the controlled feeding and keeping conditions from 40 days of age to 14 months. Milk replacer feeding was carried out up to 70 days of age with free access to mixed feed and hay.In order to study the effect of concentrated feeds on metabolic processes and digestibility of nutrients, rumenal digestion factors were studied. It was found that physiological and biochemical parameters fit into reference values. The use of concentrated feed together with strict proportional administration of roughage during intensive growing and fattening of bull calves of dairy breeds makes it possible to reach an average daily increase of up to 1420 g by the age of 14 months and effectively pay for the feed with the productsupon the normal course of enzymatic processes in the rumen and throughout the body.
Modernization of the cooling system in tractors with gas engines
Authors: Bolshakov N. A. , Didmanidze O N , Parlyuk E P
Published: December 2020

With an increase in the power/weight ratio of vehicles in cities and towns, the thermal loads of many functional units increase significantly. This requires the organization of the removal of excess heat into the environment, since the violation of the proper thermal regime in individual functional units prevents the realization of the potential operational properties of the entire vehicle up to failure. At the same time, the variety of operating conditions for vehicles, causing a change in a wide range of factors of the working environment, especially road and climatic ones, creates a difficult, both in practical and theoretical terms, problem of ensuring the required thermal regime for functional units. In this regard, the paper presents a consistent development of the theory of hydrothermodynamic properties of functional units based on the principles of constructing the operational properties of vehicles. The problems determining the further search and scientific substantiation of meters and indicators for assessing the efficiency of cooling systems, as well as the development of methods, tools and equipment for calculating and studying these systems are considered. At the same time, the work presents the improvement of the working process and designs of gas engines of tractors aimed at increasing reliability through the use of new production technologies. In conclusion, the definition of scientifically grounded methods and practical solutions for improving the performance of cooling systems is given, which has an important scientific and economic significance for increasing the operational properties of agricultural tractors, substantiating the current importance.
Invasion and distribution of the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, in Martinique
Authors: Baudry Thomas , Becking Thomas , Goût Jean-Pierre , Arqué Alexandre , Gan Han Ming , Austin Chris M. , Delaunay Carine , Smith-Ravin Juliette , Roques Jonathan A.C. , Grandjean Frédéric
Published: December 2020

The redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, was introduced to Martinique Island for aquaculture purposes in 2004, in an attempt to revitalize the freshwater crustacean aquaculture sector. In 2015, three wild populations were discovered during an electrofishing survey on fish diversity. In 2018, a specific crayfish survey was performed at night using spotlighting and baited traps at 34 sites throughout the island. The species was mostly found in the center and northern part of the island, specifically, a total of 105 specimens were captured in eight streams and five closed water bodies. We sequenced a 491 base-pair fragment of the COI gene to understand the invasion history and pathway from the presumed source population at the Mangatal hatchery. Among the eight haplotypes found, three were dominant, of which, two occurred in the Mangatal hatchery. As crayfish are sold alive, there is a high risk of further human-mediated introductions across the island hydrographic basins. Thus, the distribution of this species could rapidly expand throughout Martinique freshwater ecosystems, with ecological impacts on native communities yet to be determined and requiring urgent investigation.
Using artificial intelligence for effective decision-making in corporate governance under conditions of deep uncertainty
Authors: Volosova Aleksandra , Matiukhina Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

The article deals with research related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies for effective decision-making in corporate governance under conditions of deep uncertainty. To process uncertainty, it is proposed to use the cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligence. Cognitivism can be used to implement intuitive, psychological and other components of the internal mental activity of a person when making decisions. These capabilities allow one to make informed decisions and predict the consequences of these decisions. To study the properties of deep uncertainty, the authors suggest using a tensor model. The tensor model of deep uncertainty makes it possible to study additional properties of uncertainty that are not available in traditional models, such as Bayesian formalism, Dempster-Shafer theory, fuzzy sets, a method based on certain factors (Stanford formalism), and others. The use of the tensor model allows one to study the spatial model of uncertainty, real and imaginary values of uncertainty, as well as uncertainty invariants with respect to various transformations of the coordinate system.
Conversations and Reactions Around Severe Hypoglycaemia (CRASH): Results from the German Cohort of a Global Survey of People with Type 1 Diabetes or Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes and Caregivers
Authors: Mönnig Elisabeth , Spaepen Erik , Osumili Beatrice , Mitchell Beth D. , Snoek Frank , Peyrot Mark , Kern Werner , Holstein Andreas
Published: December 2020

Background A global cross-sectional survey (CRASH) was designed to provide information about the experiences of people with diabetes (PWD) and their caregivers in relation to severe hypoglycaemic events.

Methods Adults with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes who had experienced one or more severe hypoglycaemic events within the past 3 years, and adult caregivers for such people, were recruited from medical research panels using purposive sampling. We present here results from Germany.

Results Approximately 100 individuals in each of the four participant groups completed a 30-minute online survey. Survey results indicated that the most recent severe hypoglycaemic event made many participants feel scared (80.4%), unprepared (70.4%), and/or helpless (66.5%). Severe hypoglycaemia was discussed by healthcare professionals at every visit with only 20.2% of participants who had ever had this conversation, and 53.5% of participants indicated that their insulin regimen had not changed following their most recent event. 37.1% of PWD/people with diabetes cared for by caregivers owned a glucagon kit at the time of survey completion.

Conclusions The survey identified areas for improvement in the prevention and management of severe hypoglycaemic events. For healthcare professionals, these include enquiring more frequently about severe hypoglycaemia and adjusting blood glucose-lowering medication after a severe hypoglycaemic event. For individuals with diabetes and their caregivers, potential improvements include ensuring availability of glucagon at all times. Changes in these areas could lead not only to improved patient wellbeing but also to reduced use of emergency services/hospitalisation and, consequently, lower healthcare costs.