bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait anxiety and unplanned delivery mode enhance the risk for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women with and without risk of preterm birth: A multi sample path analysis
Authors: Sommerlad Sarah , Schermelleh-Engel Karin , La Rosa Valentina Lucia , Louwen Frank , Oddo-Sommerfeld Silvia
Published: August 2021

Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) occurs in 3–7% of all pregnancies and about 35% of women after preterm birth (PTB) meet the criteria for acute stress reaction. Known risk factors are trait anxiety and pain intensity, whereas planned delivery mode, medical support, and positive childbirth experience are protective factors. It has not yet been investigated whether the effects of anxiety and delivery mode are mediated by other factors, and whether a PTB-risk alters these relationships. 284 women were investigated antepartum and six weeks postpartum (risk-group with preterm birth (RG-PB) N = 95, risk-group with term birth (RG-TB) N = 99, and control group (CG) N = 90). CB-PTSD symptoms and anxiety were measured using standardized psychological questionnaires. Pain intensity, medical support, and childbirth experience were assessed by single items. Delivery modes were subdivided into planned vs. unplanned delivery modes. Group differences were examined using MANOVA. To examine direct and indirect effects on CB-PTSD symptoms, a multi-sample path analysis was performed. Rates of PTS were highest in the RG-PB = 11.58% (RG-TB = 7.01%, CG = 1.1%). MANOVA revealed higher values of CB-PTSD symptoms and pain intensity in RG-PB compared to RG-TB and CG. Women with planned delivery mode reported a more positive birth experience. Path modeling revealed a good model fit. Explained variance was highest in RG-PB (R2 = 44.7%). Direct enhancing effects of trait anxiety and indirect reducing effects of planned delivery mode on CB-PTSD symptoms were observed in all groups. In both risk groups, CB-PTSD symptoms were indirectly reduced via support by medical staff and positive childbirth experience, while trait anxiety indirectly enhanced CB-PTSD symptoms via pain intensity in the CG. Especially in the RG-PB, a positive birth experience serves as protective factor against CB-PTSD symptoms. Therefore, our data highlights the importance of involving patients in the decision process even under stressful birth conditions and the need for psychological support antepartum, mainly in patients with PTB-risk and anxious traits.

Trial registration number: NCT01974531 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Impacts of COVID-19 on clinical research in the UK: A multi-method qualitative case study
Authors: Wyatt David , Faulkner-Gurstein Rachel , Cowan Hannah , Wolfe Charles D. A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Clinical research has been central to the global response to COVID-19, and the United Kingdom (UK), with its research system embedded within the National Health Service (NHS), has been singled out globally for the scale and speed of its COVID-19 research response. This paper explores the impacts of COVID-19 on clinical research in an NHS Trust and how the embedded research system was adapted and repurposed to support the COVID-19 response.

Methods and findings

Using a multi-method qualitative case study of a research-intensive NHS Trust in London UK, we collected data through a questionnaire (n = 170) and semi-structured interviews (n = 24) with research staff working in four areas: research governance; research leadership; research delivery; and patient and public involvement. We also observed key NHS Trust research prioritisation meetings (40 hours) and PPI activity (4.5 hours) and analysed documents produced by the Trust and national organisation relating to COVID-19 research. Data were analysed for a descriptive account of the Trust’s COVID-19 research response and research staff’s experiences. Data were then analysed thematically. Our analysis identifies three core themes: centralisation; pace of work; and new (temporary) work practices. By centralising research prioritisation at both national and Trust levels, halting non-COVID-19 research and redeploying research staff, an increased pace in the setup and delivery of COVID-19-related research was possible. National and Trust-level responses also led to widescale changes in working practices by adapting protocols and developing local processes to maintain and deliver research. These were effective practical solutions borne out of necessity and point to how the research system was able to adapt to the requirements of the pandemic.

Conclusion

The Trust and national COVID-19 response entailed a rapid large-scale reorganisation of research staff, research infrastructures and research priorities. The Trust’s local processes that enabled them to enact national policy prioritising COVID-19 research worked well, especially in managing finite resources, and also demonstrate the importance and adaptability of the research workforce. Such findings are useful as we consider how to adapt our healthcare delivery and research practices both at the national and global level for the future. However, as the pandemic continues, research leaders and policymakers must also take into account the short and long term impact of COVID-19 prioritisation on non-COVID-19 health research and the toll of the emergency response on research staff.
Effects of interoceptive accuracy in autonomic responses to external stimuli based on cardiac rhythm
Authors: Tanaka Yuto , Terasawa Yuri , Umeda Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Interoceptive accuracy is an index of the ability to perceive an individual’s internal bodily state, including heartbeat and respiration. Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy influence emotional recognition through autonomic nervous activity. However, the precise mechanism by which interoceptive accuracy affects autonomic reactivity remains unclear. Here, we investigated how cardiac reactivity induced by a non-affective external rhythm differed among individuals, using a heartbeat counting task. Because individuals with poor interoceptive accuracy cannot distinguish an external rhythm from their cardiac cycles, it has been hypothesized that the interoceptive effect on heart rate works differently in individuals with good interoceptive accuracy and those with poor interoceptive accuracy. Study participants observed a visual or auditory stimulus presented at a rhythm similar to the participants’ resting heart rates. The stimulus rhythm was gradually changed from that of their resting heart rate, and we recorded electrocardiographs while participants were exposed to the stimuli. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy exhibited a deceleration in heart rate when the rhythm of the auditory stimulus changed. In contrast, in the group with poor interoceptive accuracy, the heart rate decreased only when the stimulus became faster. They were unable to distinguish the rhythm of their own heartbeat from that of the external rhythm; therefore, we propose that such individuals recognize the stimuli at the pace of their heart rate. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy were able to distinguish their heart rates from the external rhythm. A modality difference was not observed in this study, which suggests that both visual and auditory stimuli help mimic heart rate. These results may provide physiological evidence that autonomic reactivity influences the perception of the internal bodily state, and that interoception and the autonomic state interact to some degree.
Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions
Authors: Lin Syuan-You , Agehara Shinsuke
Published: August 2021

Under inadequate chilling conditions, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is often used to promote budbreak and improve earliness of Southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosumL. interspecific hybrids). However, HC is strictly regulated or even banned in some countries because of its high hazardous properties. Development of safer and effective alternatives to HC is critical to sustainable subtropical blueberry production. In this study, we examined the efficacy of HC and defoliants as bud dormancy-breaking agents for ‘Emerald’ blueberry. First, we compared water control, 1.0% HC (9.35 L ha–1), and three defoliants [potassium thiosulfate (KTS), urea, and zinc sulfate (ZS)] applied at 6.0% (28 kg ha–1). Model fitting analysis revealed that only HC and ZS advanced both defoliation and budbreak compared with the water control. HC-induced budbreak showed an exponential plateau function with a rapid phase occurring from 0 to 22 days after treatment (DAT), whereas ZS-induced budbreak showed a sigmoidal function with a rapid phase occurring from 15 to 44 DAT. The final budbreak percentage was similar in all treatments (71.7%–83.7%). Compared with the water control, HC and ZS increased yield by up to 171% and 41%, respectively, but the yield increase was statistically significant only for HC. Phytohormone profiling was performed for water-, HC- and ZS-treated flower buds. Both chemicals did not increase gibberellin 4 and indole-3-acetic acid production, but they caused a steady increase in jasmonic acid (JA) during budbreak. Compared with ZS, HC increased JA production to a greater extent and was the only chemical that reduced abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations during budbreak. A follow-up experiment tested ZS at six different rates (0–187 kg ha–1) but detected no significant dose-response on budbreak. These results collectively suggest that defoliants are not effective alternatives to HC, and that HC and ZS have different modes of action in budbreak induction. The high efficacy of HC as a dormancy-breaking agent could be due to its ability to reduce ABA concentrations in buds. Our results also suggest that JA accumulation is involved in budbreak induction in blueberry.
Especialistas en el ejército romano. La función militar de los frumentarii durante el Principado
Authors: Sancho Gómez Miguel Pablo
Published: August 2021

Este artículo ofrece una perspectiva poco explorada sobre las funciones y evolución de un cuerpo especial perteneciente al ejército romano, los frumentarii. Asociados a la categoría de principales, al abastecimiento y distribución de suministros, y especialmente de grano, como su nombre parece indicar, fueron prontamente encargados de una gran cantidad de actividades adicionales. Misiones para transportar materiales de lujo a Roma, «espionaje», vigilancia, servicio de policía, asesinatos, recogida de tributos y supervisión de la defensa en las provincias fueron algunos de los dispares, aunque esenciales, cometidos que la tropa llevó a cabo hasta finales del siglo III. Aunque al parecer su pésima reputación propició la disolución del cuerpo, durante muchos años fueron los ojos y oídos de los emperadores. Intentaremos explicar su desarrollo e importancia en la sociedad romana, haciendo hincapié en la pervivencia de sus habilidades militares.
Structural, Magnetic, and X-Band Microwave Absorbing Properties of Ni-Ferrites Prepared Using Oxidized Mill Scales
Authors: Septiani Ardita , Idayanti Novrita , Kristiantoro Tony , Mada Dedi , Kartika Nadya Larasati , Mulyadi Dadang , Rusmana Asep , Sumpena Pepen
Published: August 2021

This study aims to evaluate the structural, magnetic, and microwave absorbing properties at the X-band region of oxidized mill scales as by-product derived from a steel making process by means of a facile solid-state reaction. The oxidized mill scales were heated at 600 °C for 4 h followed by mixing with NiO. A calcination process took place at 900 °C and sintering process were conducted at 1260 °C with a milling process conducted in between the heating process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to evaluate the structural properties of the Ni-ferrites samples. Remacomp measurement were conducted to evaluate the magnetic properties and vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure its microwave properties. A single phase of NiFe2O4 was confirmed by XRD data. The site occupancies derived from the Rietveld refinement shows that the Ni:Fe:O ratio deviates from the 1:2:4 ratio as that suggests vacancies formed in the Ni2+ and Fe3+ that lowers the unit cell density to 5.08 g/cm3 that further confirmed by EDS measurement. The coercivity of 11 kOe is also higher than the bulk NiFe2O4¬ prepared by the chemical grade raw materials. The reflection data of the microwave properties at X-band of 8-12 GHz do not shows significant absorptions. This study suggests that the selected preparation method yields a single phase, however with the significant crystallographic defects and has less ‘soft’ magnetic properties compared to NiFe2O4 prepared using chemical grade by previous study.
Nível de autocompaixão e de afetos positivos e negativos em mães de filhos atendidos em um ambulatório psicológico
Authors: Chinchilha Izabel Stockey , Michels Maikon de Sousa
Published: August 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o grau de autocompaixão e de afetos negativos/positivos em mães de filhos em processo psicoterapêutico. Os resultados indicaram escores altos de afetos negativos e escores baixos de afetos positivos e de autocompaixão. Foi identificado histórico de violência, depressão, ansiedade e culpa.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Autocompaixão. Afetos Positivos e Negativos. Mulheres. Maternidade.
Uma moeda pelo seu gênero
Authors: Noronha Ana Luíza Silva , Ferreira Frederico Leocádio , Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear o campo da pesquisa acadêmica sobre o Pink Tax e suas principais discussões, resultados e sugestões de futuras pesquisas por meio de uma revisão sistemática nas bases Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, EBSCO e Google Scholars.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Discriminação por Preço. Pink Tax Taxa Rosa. Gênero. Taxação.
Mulher e Educação: a Paixão pelo Possível
Authors: Monteiro Alinne Felipe da Silva , Santos Cleide Furtado dos
Published: August 2021

O livro é uma pesquisa historiográfica sobre as condições das primeiras professoras dos cursos de magistério, das antigas escolas normais. O livro analisa o quadro histórico da atuação das mulheres no processo educacional brasileiro, mostrando relatos de três mulheres da década de 40 e 50, fazendo comparativo com os progressos que ocorreram desde o tempo em que as mulheres conseguiram dar o primeiro passo para obterem alguma instrução para ingressar no campo profissional.
“Mestras nos primeiros anos da nossa vida”
Authors: Rossi Maria Antonietta
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o papel sociocultural da mulher setecentista portuguesa valorizado, no âmbito do Reformismo Ilustrado, por Luís António Verney. Através da análise textual das epístolas que compõem o Verdadeiro Método de Estudar (1746), demonstraremos que, para o autor, a educação das mulheres é fundamental, uma vez que elas, enquanto mães de família, são as mestras dos próprios filhos nos primeiros anos de vida.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Luís António Verney. Mulher. Verdadeiro Método de Estudar.
Étude de l’engagement des apprenants dans un même cours en fonction de sa modalité : présentiel vs vidéo
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Buisson Gilles
Published: August 2021

Nous présentons dans cet article l’étude de l’engagement des étudiants d’une école d’ingénieur française dans un cours en fonction de sa modalité : cours en présentiel ou cours-vidéo. Sur la base de l’analyse de diverses données prises auprès d’étudiants sur deux ans, deux questionnaires écrits et 12 interviews, nous montrons que l’engagement est soutenu et indépendant de la modalité. Nous attribuons ce résultat entre autres aux caractéristiques des apprenants qui sont fortement motivés et possèdent une bonne connaissance de soi ; ce qui leur permet de choisir et de créer des conditions de travail adaptées afin de réussir leurs études. Finalement, nous examinons l’ensemble des spécificités de cette étude de cas afin d’extraire les conditions favorables à l’engagement des apprenants et concluons sur une possible transférabilité dans d’autres contextes.
Accompagner et apprendre par les pairs : une expérience de rédaction de CV
Authors: Billaudeau Valérie , Debski Nathalie
Published: August 2021

Cette communication propose une démarche originale d’apprentissage par les pairs dans une relation interdisciplinaire. Cette démarche a porté sur la réalisation de CV et a été conduite au cours de quatre années à l’Université d’Angers entre des étudiants ingénieurs de l’ISTIA et les étudiants en alternance de Master 2 Ressources Humaines et Organisations Innovantes (RHOI). Fondant notre démarche sur les travaux d’accompagnement et d’apprentissage par les pairs, nous avons fait l’hypothèse que cette activité co-élaborée, où chacun joue un rôle actif, mobiliserait un intérêt commun pour les deux parties prenantes et favoriserait un meilleur résultat que l’unique séance de cours de l’enseignant. À partir des retours d’expérience d’environ 400 étudiants ingénieurs et 60 étudiants de master 2 en RHOI, plusieurs effets positifs ont été constatés : le travail entre pairs a facilité les échanges entre les étudiants malgré leur emploi du temps peu compatible et chargé (les masters 2 étant en alternance). Il a permis aux pairs de s’approprier plus facilement le contenu avec un apport considérable des deux côtés. Par ailleurs, cette expérience a développé une co-responsabilisation des étudiants du fait des enjeux professionnels perçus par chacun influençant leur implication. Enfin la qualité de l’apprentissage est validée par les professionnels qui ont remarqué l’évolution des CV depuis la mise en place de cette organisation.
Effects of Guided Antenatal Education Support Programs on Postnatal Depression, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction among First-time Mothers in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Badrin Salwismawati , Badrin Salziyan , Raja Gopal Raja Lexshimi , Johan Noor Shah Reza
Published: August 2021

Background: First-time mothers may experience postnatal depression and a lack of social support, affecting their life satisfaction. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the application of guided antenatal education support programs to deal with such issues.Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of guided antenatal education support programs on postnatal depression, social support, and life satisfaction among first-time mothers.Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved a total of 72 first-time mothers. Convenience sampling was applied for participant selection, and no randomization was used. The participants were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection during the antenatal period (pretest) and six weeks postpartum (posttest). The risk of postnatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to assess social support, and life satisfaction, respectively. The intervention group received a guided antenatal education support program, consisting of antenatal education sessions plus an extra 15-minute discussion and a support guidebook. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent t-test.Results: There was a significant reduction in the risk of postnatal depression score in the intervention group (p<0.05) after receiving the guided antenatal education compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant increment of life satisfaction score (p<0.05) and social support score (p<0.05) after receiving guided antenatal education in the intervention group.Conclusion: The guided antenatal education support is beneficial to reduce postnatal depression and increase life satisfaction and social support. Nurses and midwives should provide an integration of psychoeducation for first-time mothers, especially during pregnancy.
Electrochemical determination of atenolol and propranolol using a carbon paste sensor modified with natural ilmenite
Authors: Broli Nevila , Vasjari Majlinda , Vallja Loreta , Duka Sonila , Shehu Alma , Cenolli Sadik
Published: August 2021

In this study, a simple voltammetric method was reported for independent determination of propranolol (PROP) and atenolol (ATN) in pharmaceutical tablets using carbon paste electrode modified with natural Ilmenite (CPE-I). The analytical performance of the modified sensor was evaluated using the square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry for determination of both β(beta) blockers in 0.1 mol L−1of sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4). The signal obtained with modified carbon paste electrode in 0.1 mol L−1of H2SO4showed a good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidations of PROP and ATN compared with the bare one. The enhanced oxidation peak current response can be attributed to the catalytic effect of the ilmenite nanomaterial incorporated into the carbon paste electrode. Under optimal condition, good linear calibration curves were obtained ranging from 0.20 to 8.9 mmol L−1for PROP and 2.0 to 9.9 µmol L−1for ATN, with detection limits of 80 and 0.31 µmol L−1, respectively. The CPE-I sensor had good repeatability and reproducibility (RSD ≤ 3.2%) and high sensitivity for the detection of both ATN and PROP. The proposed sensor was applied for detection of these drugs in pharmaceutical tablets. The obtained results indicate that the voltammetric CPE-I sensor could be an alternative method for the routine quality control of the β blockers in complex matrices.
Synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and intake of nettle on serum levels of chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Behradnasab Mojgan , Matinhomaei Hassan , Rasaei Mohamad Javad
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This animal study aimed to demonstrate the synergistic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and alcoholic extract of nettle on serum chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic male rats.

Methods

Thirty-two STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, the supplemented group with 200 mg/day of nettle, the training group with five sessions per week of HIIT, and the group with combined nettle and HITT intervention. Body weight, lipid profile, beta cells function, and chemerin level were assessed after eight weeks of the intervention.

Results

The values of chemerin significantly decreased in combined HIIT and nettle intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.001). The levels of glucose and insulin decreased significantly in nettle group, exercise group, and combined HIIT and nettle group (p=0.001).

Conclusions

The present study found that intense interval exercise with the consumption of alcoholic extract of nettle can affect the performance of beta cells, glucose, and insulin. Future human studies are warranted.
Experimental filler design influences error correction rates in a word restoration paradigm
Authors: Arehalli Suhas , Wittenberg Eva
Published: August 2021

Including fillers or distractors in psycholinguistic experiments has been standard for decades; yet, relatively little is known how the design of these items interacts with critical manipulations. In this paper, we ask about the role that contextual statistical information in filler items plays in determining if and how to correct a given error, and how grammatical expectations interact with context. We first replicate a speech restoration experiment conducted by Mack, J. E., C. Clifton, L. Frazier & P. V. Taylor. 2012. (Not) hearing optional subjects: The effects of pragmatic usage preferences. Journal of Memory and Language 67. 211–223, measuring usage preferences of null-subject constructions. Then we report two additional experiments in which we manipulated only the filler items, either having noise appear uniformly at random, or with a particular bias. Our results (1) demonstrate that listeners are sensitive to statistical patterns in the distribution of noise within the experiment, and (2) suggest that this paradigm can be used to investigate interaction between the mechanisms that govern grammatical preferences, and those that govern error correction processes.
The effect of paper coatings containing biopolymer binder and different natural pigments on printability
Authors: Arman Kandirmaz Emine , Ozcan Arif , Ural Elif
Published: August 2021

Paper is an environmentally friendly, recyclable material whose main material is cellulose, which can be obtained from all kinds of trees and plants, used as writing, printing and packaging material. Due to its structural properties, papers are not resistant to temperature and humidity, as well as problems with ink transfer with its porous structure and experienced negative printability properties. In recent years, especially the growth of the packaging industry has increased the demand for papers with improved printability properties. In order to obtain better printability properties from papers, some processes can be performed in paper production, as well as some surface treatments after production. These processes are paper coating, sizing and calendering. Paper coatings are generally water-dispersed coating solutions with one or more pigments, binders and certain additives to improve the desired properties. With these processes, by filling the gaps between the pores of the paper, a shapely and smooth surface is obtained and good printability is obtained together with the optical and physical properties of the papers. In this study, the interactions and printability properties of different types of pigments with xanthan gum binder were investigated by preparing paper coating formulations using calcium carbonate, barite and talc pigments and xanthan gum as binder. As a result, xanthan is a good coating binder and

CaCO

3

{\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}}

from the compared pigments is the most suitable compared to the other 2 pigments, considering all the studied areas.
Visualization of multiscale ring formation in a rotary kiln
Authors: Rippon Lee , Hirtz Barry , Sheehan Carl , Reinheimer Travis , Loewen Philip , Gopaluni Bhushan
Published: August 2021

Rotary kilns are large-scale unit operations that are critical to many industrial processes such as cement production, pyrometallurgy, and kraft pulping. As expensive, energy-intensive units, it is imperative from both an economic and environmental perspective to ensure efficient operation of the rotary kiln. To provide additional insights for operation and maintenance, rotary kilns are increasingly outfitted with more advanced sensing technology. Leveraging this supplementary data requires strategies and active efforts towards storage, processing, and visualization. In this work we provide a visualization strategy for industrial thermal camera data that is measured along the shell profile of a rotary lime kiln. The proposed strategy assists specifically with the visualization of ring formation at different timescales, but it also serves more generally as a useful tool for operations management. This paper describes the visualization strategy, provides a demonstration with industrial data, and offers open-source resources for interested users to implement it themselves.
Vial coring and fragmentation incidence after angled penetration of rubber stoppers with single-use hypodermic needles
Authors: Rase Marissa , Hanlon Mark , Ho Le , Duriez Doug , Zhao Cathy
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Particles due to fragmentation present a clear risk to the patient. Reported fragmentation rates vary, and an insertion angle at 45°, as opposed to 90°, has been proposed as a mitigation strategy. So, this study evaluated the fragmentation rates induced by single-use hypodermic needles using different angled penetration techniques.

Methods

Needles underwent fragmentation testing using two penetration techniques. In method 1, the needle was inserted through the stopper at 45° and rotated to 90° upon exiting the stopper underside, and in method 2 the needle was rotated only after the bevel was fully enveloped by the stopper. Methods were tested with 18, 20, and 22-gauge needles with bevel faced up, down, and sideways. Fragmentation data sets were subjected to ANOVA and a fit to a General Linear Model was attempted to ascertain the significance of needle size, bevel position, and penetration method; p-values less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results

Incidence varied from 0 to 49% and depended on the test method. Needles larger than 22-gauge induced fragmentation the most when the bevel was down. The bevel up position induced fragmentation the least. Generation of large fragments designated “cores” depended on all factors examined, and generation of small fragments designated “fragments” depended on all factors except for the penetration method.

Conclusions

Clinical context and intended application need to be communicated to manufacturers and considered for functional testing when devising end-user recommendations which must reflect a combination of factors.
Digital academic dishonesty: A socio-psychological analysis
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Bezgodova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Miklyaeva Anastasia Vladimirovna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The article presents a review of psychological studies aimed at analyzing digital academic dishonesty (academic misconduct with the use of the Internet). The socio-psychological specifics of digital academic dishonesty, which distinguishes it from traditional forms of academic dishonesty, have been studied quite fragmentally to date. The purpose of this study is to identify socio-psychological factors that determine the involvement of students in digital academic dishonesty in terms of digitalization of education. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the research goal, we used the method of systematic review of research articles published in 1995-2021 and indexed in the databases ‘Scopus’ and ‘Web of Science’. According to the criteria (relevant keywords; availability of a detailed description of the research program, empirical results; Russian or English), 55 articles were included in the final array of analysis. Results. We identified individual-psychological and contextual-environmental factors of digital academic dishonesty. Individual psychological factors include: students’ attitudes towards digital academic dishonesty; students’ academic experience; students’ personal characteristics; socio-demographic characteristics of students. Contextual and environmental factors include: students’ attitude to the prevalence of digital academic dishonesty among peers; teachers’ attitude to digital academic dishonesty; institutional policy on digital academic dishonesty. Conclusions. The authors conclude that the socio-psychological risk factors for involving schoolchildren and students in digital academic dishonesty are their previous experience of academic dishonesty, the idea of the acceptability of this form of academic behavior, the lack of educational motivation and self-regulation, insufficient level of knowledge and information competence (individual psychological factors), as well as the prevalence of digital academic dishonesty in an educational institution with the background of the lack of an institutional policy to prevent digital academic dishonesty and relevant actions of teachers (contextual and environmental factors).
Peculiarities of formation and assessment of schoolchildren’s mathematical literacy
Authors:   Moscow City University, Denischeva Larisa Olegovna , Savintseva Natalya Viktorovna ,   Moscow City University, Safuanov Ildar Sufiyanovich ,   Moscow City University, Ushakov Andrei Vladimirovich ,   Moscow City University, Chugunov Vladimir Arkadevich ,   Moscow City University, Semenyachenko Yulia Aleksandrovna ,   Moscow City University
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The study investigates the problem of developing mathematical literacy. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of developing and assessing schoolchildren’s mathematical literacy. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the concept and model of mathematical literacy defined for the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The main research methods include an analysis of mathematics teachers’ experiences and an analysis of the structure of mathematical literacy tasks. Results. The article presents an analysis of the conceptual foundations of developing schoolchildren’s mathematical literacy. The authors identified and structured the characteristic features of the tasks aimed at forming mathematical literacy, described the main approaches to their development, based on the use of model schemes and mathematical modeling. The links between the contexts of real-life situations and the content areas of the school mathematics course were traced. The complete process of working with mathematical models is illustrated by tasks arising in life situations. The authors revealed the main approaches to the development of tasks, designed to form mathematical literacy, based on the model schemes and the process of mathematical modeling. Conclusions. In conclusion, the authors summarize stages of designing mathematical literacy tasks and the requirements to the approaches of their development. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using model schemes as a reference for mathematical literacy tasks.
Models and criteria for monitoring the quality of education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Zhafyarov Akryam Zhafyarovich
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The article focuses on monitoring the quality of education, analyzes the shortcomings of modern models and criteria functioning in this area. The purpose of the study is to build models and develop a criterion for their implementation in the field of education, free from these shortcomings. Materials and Methods. The methodology of solving this problem is based on the integration of mathematics and pedagogy (education studies) in the wide range of interactions of educational technologies, mathematical statistics and new results obtained by the author in the field of processing the findings of educational research investigations. Results. Achieving the goal includes three problems: the first is to build models for the study of dependent and independent samples; the second is to develop a single criterion for their implementation for the constructed models (instead of 12), free from known shortcomings; the third is to test and compare with other criteria in the process of solving specific problems in the field of education. The listed problems have been solved. Conclusions. The constructed models and the specified criterion are applicable for the study of dependent and independent samples, determine the direction of change caused by the introduction of a new educational technology, generalize almost all models and criteria known in this area.
Physical Literacy in Physical Education Curriculum
Authors: Bulqini Arif , Puspodari Puspodari , Arfanda Poppy Elisano , Suroto Suroto , Mutohir Toho Cholik
Published: August 2021

This study discusses how Pyisical Education Teachers Educator (PETE) adopt Physical Literacy (PL). Knowledge is the foundation of PL to know what to do and when is the right time to do it. The research has a goal, so that PETE understands the definition of PL. This research study contains 3 stages, the first is determining the objectives of the PL, the second is curriculum planning and the third is the learning approach. The method used is a literature review of several opinions about PL in Physical Education (PE). The national PE curriculum is structured and developed to achieve national education goals that are adapted to current conditions and future needs in order to live regularly and actively, through Physical Activity (PA). For this reason, efforts should be made to create a healthy lifestyle and maintain physical fitness (PF). PL is a potential that can be optimally developed for children from an early age. The role of PE is very important in the formation of PL in children, where cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects are in the goal of PE which can provide motivation, confidence and enthusiasm to continue doing PA.
Factitious Cushing’s syndrome, hypopituitarism, and self-provoked skin lesions: when the skin mirrors the soul
Authors: Cannavò Salvatore , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia
Published: August 2021

Factitious Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a very rare form of Münchausen syndrome. Its presentation and course are extremely heterogeneous, and diagnosis is generally challenging. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who was initially investigated because of the occurrence of cushingoid features. Nevertheless, endocrine work-up showed very low morning plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels. In addition, it also demonstrated central hypopituitarism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Head MRI showed a small pituitary mass. Based on these results, and probably overlooking the initial clinical suspicion, general practitioner (GP) referred the patient to our Endocrine Unit for hypopituitarism. At inspection, moon face, central obesity, and bruising were evident. Multiple ulcerative skin lesions were also concentrated in the right arm and leg. Dermatology evaluation suggested that the lesions were self-provoked. For several days, the patient denied the assumption of corticosteroids, but we finally discovered that the GP’ nurse had prescribed betamethasone without the GP’s knowledge for about 2 years. In conclusion, the surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids is very rare, but the physicians should be aware that pituitary function could be impaired by high doses of corticosteroids, mimicking hypopituitarism. In these patients, a multidisciplinary approach and environmental investigation can be useful to diagnose factitious CS.

Learning points

Surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids can cause heterogeneous presentation, ranging from Cushing’s syndrome to multiple hypopituitarism.

Suppression of ACTH and cortisol levels in a patient with cushingoid features firstly suggests surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids.

A multidisciplinary approach can be extremely useful in patients with suspected factitious Cushing’s syndrome.

Sometimes, to prove surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids needs environmental investigation.
Metformin as an anti-inflammatory agent: a short review
Authors: Kristófi Robin , Eriksson Jan W
Published: August 2021

Metformin is a biguanide drug widely used as the initial treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite its widespread use, its precise mechanisms of action remain incompletely characterised. Its effect in lowering blood glucose is largely related to the suppression of gluconeogenesis in the liver, which is probably accomplished by partial inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 with a subsequent increase in intracellular AMP levels and activation of AMP kinase. Several local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of metformin have been described. Many of these effects seem to be mediated by AMP kinase activation and downstream effects inhibiting mTOR and NF-κB pro-inflammatory signalling cascades. However, there are also studies describing actions independent of AMP kinase action. In this review, we summarise the currently known mechanisms of metformin on inflammatory pathways and the clinical evidence underpinning the use of metformin as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisinde Genel Anestezi Altında Opere Edilen Hastaların Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: POLAT Mehmet Emrah , HABEK Osman , YANIK Saim
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Diş Hekimliği’nde tedavilerin birçoğu lokal anestezi altında yapılabilirken, Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi hastalarının lokal anestezinin yeterli olmaması, girişim sürelerinin daha uzun sürmesi, oluşabilecek komplikasyonlara daha rahat ve etkin şekilde müdahale edilebilmesi gibi sebeplerden ötürü genel anesteziye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Retrospektif olarak planlanan bu çalışmanın amacı, genel anestezi ile opere edilmiş ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi hastalarının değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Harran Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Hastanesinde genel anestezi ile opere edilmiş Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi hastalarının verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. 2016 yılının Ocak ayı ile 2019 yılının Haziran ayı arasındaki yaşları 1 ile 80 arasında değişen toplam 114 hastanın verileri kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 114 hastanın yaş aralığı 1-80 arası olup, erkek hastaların kadınlara oranı 1,92’dir. Girişim süresi 10 dakika ile 8 saat 35 dakika arasında değişmekte, toplam girişim süresi 208 saat 50 dakikadır. En fazla entübasyon uygulanım şekli 47 hasta ile klasik nasal entübasyon olup, bunu 31 hasta ile fiberoptik destekli nasal, 29 hasta ile oral ve 7 hasta ile submental entübasyon izlemiştir. Yapılan işlemler arasında en fazla 62 olgu ile kist&tümör cerrahisi en az ise 2 olgu ile yabancı cisim çıkartılması olmuştur. Hastane yatış süresi olarak en fazla 51 olgu ile 1 günlük yatış süresi olup, günübirlik yatış olguların 19’unu teşkil etmiştir. Sonuç: Diş Hekimliği’nin Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi alanında genel anestezi uygulaması giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle maksillofasiyal fraktürlerin tedavisi, geniş kist ve tümörlerin cerrahi işlemleri, alveol yarığı ve çene deformitelerin gibi konjenital veya edinsel bozuklukların tedavisi gibi komplike ve lokal anestezi altında yapılamayacak olgular için genel anestezi ciddi bir gerekliliktir.
Effect of chloroform on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium retreatment instruments
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAYA EREN Selen , KELEŞ Ahmet , ASKERBEYLİ ÖRS Sevinc , AKSEL Hacer
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of 4 different rotary nickel-titanium
(NiTi) retreatment instruments after immersion in chloroform solution. Methods: A total of 120 ProTaper D3, R-Endo R3, D-Race DR2 and Mtwo
R2 retreatment instruments were used.
Thirty instruments of each system were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15);
Group 1: no immersion and Group 2: immersion in chloroform for 5 min. The
instruments were operated in a dynamic cyclic fatigue test device until
fracture occurred. The number of cycles to fracture and length of the fractured
fragment for each instrument were recorded. Representative samples were
examined under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by using 2-way
analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. Results: The ProTaper D3 and R-Endo R3 instruments showed the
highest cyclic fatigue resistance whether or not immersed in chloroform (p<0.05).
The immersion in chloroform did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of the
instruments (p>0.05). The Mtwo R2
instruments were more resistant to cyclic fatigue than the D-Race DR2
instruments before and after immersed in chloroform (p<0.05).Conclusion: The immersion in chloroform had no effect
on the cyclic fatigue resistance of retreatment instruments. The ProTaper D3
and R-Endo R3  instruments were more
resistant to cyclic fatigue than other retreatment instruments regardless of chloroform exposure. 

Keywords: chloroform, cyclic fatigue, endodontics,
nickel-titanium, retreatment
Yoğun Politetrafloroetilen (d-PTFE) ve Titanyum Mesh (Ti-Mesh) Membranlar Kullanılarak Yapılan Yönlendirilmiş Kemik Rejenerasyonu Uygulamaları Sonrası Komplikasyon Oranlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKDENİZ Sıdıka Sinem , ALTIPARMAK Nur , DİKER Nurettin
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Yönlendirilmiş kemik rejenerasyonu uygulamalarında farklı membran
materyalleri kullanılmaktadır; fakat bir membran materyalinin diğerlerine üstünlüğüyle
ilgili bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır.  Bu çalışmanın amacı, titanyum mesh (Ti-Mesh)
ve yoğun polytetrafloroetilen(d-PTFE) membranlar kullanılarak yapılan yönlendirilmiş
kemik rejenerasyonu bölgesindeki komplikasyon oranlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 24-71 yaş
aralığındaki alveolar kemikte atrofisi olan hastalar dahil edilmiştir.
Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların 24 üne Ti-mesh kullanılarak yönlendirilmiş
kemik rejenerasyonu uygulaması yapılmış, ikinci gruptaki 24 üne ise d-PTFE
membran kullanılarak yönlendirilmiş kemik rejenerasyonu uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Alıcı sahada parestezi, greft bölgesinde ekspoz, greft bölgesinde infeksiyon, greftleme
ile simultane implant yerleştirilmesi, greft kaybı nedeniyle ek greftleme ihtiyacı,
post-operatif 4-6 haftalık dönemde membran sökümü gerekliliğinin sıklığı ve
membranların uygulama-söküm zorluğu hasta dosyaları taranarak
değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: d-PTFE membran uygulanan grupta ogmentasyon bölgesinde enfeksiyon
sıklığının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir
(p=0.0219). Membranın uzaklaştırılma sıklığının d-PTFE
uygulanan grupta Ti-mesh uygulanan gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede
daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001). Ti-meshlerin yerleştirilmesinin ve
uzaklaştırılmasının d-PTFE membranlara göre daha zor olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001). Sonuçlar: Her iki membran materyali de yüksek ekspoz oranına sahip olsa da
ekspozlar tedavi planını etkilememektedir. d-PTFE membranların ekspozu
sonrasında sıklıkla greft bölgesinden alınmaları gerekse de bu işlem hastalar
tarafından kolaylıkla tolere edilmektedir. Ti-mesh membranların uygulama ve
uzaklaştırma işlemleri d-PTFE lere göre daha zordur. Anahtar Kelimeler: alveolar kemik kaybı, kemik yenilenmesi, kemik
yerini tutan maddeler, postoperatif komplikasyonlar
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi'ne Dental implant Tedavisi İçin Başvuran Hastaların Cerrahi Öncesi Kaygı Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZATEŞ Zuhal , ÖZBEK Şevket , GÜNDÜZ Hasan , CANGÖZ Banu , TOSUN Emre
Published: August 2021

Öz

Amaç

Diş hekimi ve tedavisine duyulan kaygı insanların sahip olduğu psikolojik durumlardan birisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kaygılı hastalarda diş hekimliği işlemlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi hem hasta konforu hem de hekimin işlevselliği ve verimi açısından güçlük yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dental implant cerrahisi planlanan hastalarda kaygı düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve hastaların kaygı puanları ile sosyodemografik özellikleri ve implant sayısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler

Çalışmaya dental implant yaptırmak amacıyla başvuran, 30-50 yaş arası, sistemik hastalığı olmayan, nörolojik ya da psikiatrik ilaç kullanmayan toplam 60 gönüllü kadın ve erkek yetişkin katılmıştır. Anket araştırması kapsamında katılımcılara; Demografik Bilgi Toplama Formu, Spilberger Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ve Modifiye Dental Kaygı Ölçeği uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular

Üç farklı bağımlı değişken arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için yürütülen Pearson Korelasyon Analizi sonuçlarına göre tüm gruplar bir arada düşünüldüğünde Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri’nden (DKE) alınan puanlar ile Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri’inden (SKE) alınan puanlar (r =.60, p < .000) ve Modifiye Dental Kaygı Ölçeği’nden (MDKÖ) alınan puanlar arasında (r =.60, p < .000) anlamlı ilişki olduğu raporlanmıştır. Ek olarak cinsiyetin yukarıda adı geçen ölçek puanları üzerinde etkili (F(3, 52) = 6.27, p < .001, η2p = .27) bir değişken olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Sonuç

Araştırmada kullanılan üç farklı kaygı ölçeği (DKE, SKE ve MDKÖ) arasında pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olması, hiç implant uygulanmayan gruptan, tek implant uygulmasına ve 2+ implant uygulamasına doğru gidildikçe hastaların kaygı düzeyinde bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeninin etkili olduğu ve kadınların erkeklere göre implant tedavisinde daha fazla kaygı duydukları sonucuna varılmıştır.