bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s embodied experiences of second trimester medical abortion
Authors: Purcell Carrie , Brown Audrey , Melville Catriona , McDaid Lisa M
Published: March 2017

Abortions in general, and second trimester abortions in particular, are experiences which in many contexts have limited sociocultural visibility. Research on second trimester abortion worldwide has focused on a range of associated factors including risks and acceptability of abortion methods, and characteristics and decision-making of women seeking the procedure. Scholarship to date has not adequately addressed the embodied physicality of second trimester abortion, from the perspective of women’s lived experiences, nor how these experiences might inform future framings of abortion. To progress understandings of women’s embodied experiences of second trimester abortion, we draw on the accounts of 18 women who had recently sought second trimester abortion in Scotland. We address four aspects of their experiences: later recognition of pregnancy; experiences of a second trimester pregnancy which ended in abortion; the “labour” of second trimester abortion; and the subsequent bodily transition. The paper has two key aims: Firstly, to make visible these experiences, and to consider how they relate to dominant sociocultural narratives of pregnancy; and secondly, to explore the concept of “liminality” as one means for interpreting them. Our findings contribute to informing future research, policy and practice around second trimester abortion. They highlight the need to maintain efforts to reduce silences around abortion and improve equity of access.
Use of Photovoice to Understand the Experience of Taking Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Werremeyer Amy , Skoy Elizabeth , Aalgaard Kelly Gina
Published: March 2017

Previous work has reported that medication experience may affect medication-related problems, adherence, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore medication experience of individuals taking psychotropic medication from the patient perspective using photovoice methodology. Nineteen participants were given a camera and were asked to photograph their medication experience. Individual and focus group sessions were held for photo reflection and discussion. Transcript data were analyzed to arrive at a model of medication experience. Specific medication experiences, including recognizing medication’s benefits, occurrence of side effects, developing medication-taking routine, feeling burden from medications, and benefiting from nonmedication therapies, influenced medication acceptance, but in varying ways. Participants wanted their providers to understand their medication experience. Health care providers should consider exploring medication experience of patients with mental illness. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether exploring patients’ medication experience in the clinical setting can improve patient-centered health care outcomes.
Collaborative project: Evolution of computer-aided design data completeness as management information
Authors: Fleche Damien , Bluntzer Jean-Bernard , Al Khatib Ahmad , Mahdjoub Morad , Sagot Jean-Claude
Published: March 2017

Today, product design process is facing a market globalisation led by distributed teams. The international market context, in which industrial companies evolve, leads design teams to work in a large multidisciplinary collaborative context using collaborative practices. In this context, product design process is driven by the integration and optimisation of stakeholders’ collaboration. Thus, to facilitate collaborative steps, new management strategies are defined and new information systems can be used. To this end, we have focused our article on the topic of collaborative product design project management. We have underlined the necessity to use quantitative and non-intrusive indicators during the management of collaborative design phases besides subjective evaluations. Tracking these indicators is performed in parallel to the existing approaches in order to evaluate the performance of collaborative design project. Moreover, these indicators can show the impact of the collaboration steps on the design project evolution. The computation of proposed indicators is based on precise metrics which details the completeness of the computer-aided design model and its evolution depending on the used collaborative tools and the project milestones. This computation uses the importance of each computer-aided design model part and the transformation rate of each part of the computer-aided design model.
Potential Causes and Implications of Low Target Therapeutic Ratio in Warfarin-Treated Patients for Thrombosis Prophylaxis: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Atas Halil , Sahin Ahmet Anıl , Barutçu Atas Dilek , Sunbul Murat , Kepez Alper , Agirbasli Mehmet
Published: March 2017

Time in therapeutic range (TTR) of international normalized ratio is crucial for the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation with warfarin and it is influenced by many factors. There are limited data about the quality of warfarin therapy and its effects on clinical outcomes in Turkey. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the quality of anticoagulant therapy with warfarin and evaluate the parameters that affect the quality of warfarin therapy. A total of 170 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF; mean age: 62.2 ± 13.3; 69.2% female) treated with warfarin were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 20 ± 8.4 months. The mean TTR levels of all patients were found to be 54.2% ± 21.4%. The TTR levels were similar in patients with valvular AF (VAF) and nonvalvular AF (NVAF). Logistic regression analysis revealed that elderly, heart failure (HF), and renal dysfunction were independent predictors of lower TTR. There were no significant differences between the VAF and NVAF subgroups regarding the incidence of mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Cox regression analysis revealed that HF, coronary artery disease, and renal dysfunction were independent predictors of clinical outcomes in addition to lower TTR. Our results provide data regarding the quality of anticoagulation with warfarin from a single tertiary center in Istanbul, Turkey. The questions remain in seeking quality improvement in anticoagulation.
The Current and Potential Role of Crime Analysts in Evaluations of Police Interventions: Results From a Survey of the International Association of Crime Analysts
Authors: Piza Eric L. , Feng Shun Q.
Published: March 2017

Crime analysts play a pivotal role in evidence-based policing by readily diagnosing the nature of crime and disorder problems. Such analysis products are key in the design of evidence-based strategies. The role of analysts in the subsequent process of evidence-based policing, the evaluation of programs to determine what works, is less known. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature through a survey of the International Association of Crime Analyst Membership. Findings suggest that program evaluation lies on the periphery of the crime analysis profession. Across all measures incorporated in this study, program evaluation was emphasized less than all other crime analysis functions. Findings of logistic regression models further suggest that, for the most part, no specific factors are associated with increased levels of program evaluation experience. We conclude with a discussion of how crime analysts can become more involved in evaluations of police programs and strategies.
Predicting Adherence to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy among Breast Cancer Survivors: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Karmakar Monita , Pinto Sharrel L , Jordan Timothy R , Mohamed Iman , Holiday-Goodman Monica
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this observational study was to determine if the Protection Motivation Theory could predict and explain adherence to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy among breast cancer survivors. Purposive sampling was used to identify 288 survivors who had been prescribed AI therapy. A valid and reliable survey was mailed to survivors. A total of 145 survivors completed the survey.

The Morisky scale was used to measure adherence to AI. The survivors reported a mean score of 6.84 (±0.66) on the scale. Nearly 4 in 10 survivors (38%) were non-adherent. Adherence differed by age, marital status, insurance status, income, and presence of co-morbid conditions. Self-efficacy (r=0.485), protection motivation (r=0.310), and Response Efficacy (r=0.206) were positively and significantly correlated with adherence. Response Cost (r=-0.235) was negatively correlated with adherence. The coping appraisal constructs were statistically significant predictors medication adherence (β=0.437) with self-efficacy being the strongest significant predictor of adherence (β = 0.429).
Synthetic Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides (GHRPs): A Historical Appraisal of the Evidences Supporting Their Cytoprotective Effects
Authors: Berlanga-Acosta Jorge , Abreu-Cruz Angel , Barco Herrera Diana García-del , Mendoza-Marí Yssel , Rodríguez-Ulloa Arielis , García-Ojalvo Ariana , Falcón-Cama Viviana , Hernández-Bernal Francisco , Beichen Qu , Guillén-Nieto Gerardo
Published: March 2017

Background:

Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) constitute a group of small synthetic peptides that stimulate the growth hormone secretion and the downstream axis activity. Mounting evidences since the early 1980s delineated unexpected pharmacological cardioprotective and cytoprotective properties for the GHRPs. However, despite intense basic pharmacological research, alternatives to prevent cell and tissue demise before lethal insults have remained as an empty niche in the clinical armamentarium. Here, we have rigorously reviewed the investigational development of GHRPs and their clinical niching perspectives.

Methodology:

PubMed/MEDLINE databases, including original research and review articles, were explored. The search design was date escalated from 1980 and included articles in English only.

Results and Conclusions:

GHRPs bind to two different receptors (GHS-R1a and CD36), which redundantly or independently exert relevant biological effects. GHRPs’ binding to CD36 activates prosurvival pathways such as PI-3K/AKT1, thus reducing cellular death. Furthermore, GHRPs decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) spillover, enhance the antioxidant defenses, and reduce inflammation. These cytoprotective abilities have been revealed in cardiac, neuronal, gastrointestinal, and hepatic cells, representing a comprehensive spectrum of protection of parenchymal organs. Antifibrotic effects have been attributed to some of the GHRPs by counteracting fibrogenic cytokines. In addition, GHRP family members have shown a potent myotropic effect by promoting anabolia and inhibiting catabolia. Finally, GHRPs exhibit a broad safety profile in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these fragmented lines incite to envision multiple pharmacological uses for GHRPs, especially as a myocardial reperfusion damage-attenuating candidate, this family of “drugable” peptides awaits for a definitive clinical niche.
Shear rates in engines and implications for lubricant design
Authors: Taylor RI , de Kraker BR
Published: March 2017

By combining shear rate range data in engine components with measured viscosity shear rate curves on lubricants (at different temperatures), useful insights have been obtained on how the viscosity shear rate curve of a lubricant should be “designed” to give low friction (and hence improved fuel economy). A brief review is carried out of typical shear rates in key engine components, which is backed up by the authors’ own calculations (using in-house lubrication software that includes realistic viscosity/temperature/shear rate data). It is found that shear rates in journal bearings are typically in the range of 105 to 5 × 106 s−1, whilst peak shear rates for the piston rings can be as high as 2 × 107 s−1, and for the valve train, peak shear rates can reach 2 × 108 s−1. Accurate viscosity shear rate curves have been measured for different temperatures using a range of viscometers, including a novel mid-shear capillary viscometer that is capable of measuring viscosities in the shear rate range of 104 to 106 s−1. The use of such a viscometer is crucial to obtain good fits to the measured data (since usually, viscosity data are only usually available at low shear rates, 102–103 s−1, and extremely high shear rates, > 106 s−1, and such data are difficult to use for accurate viscosity/temperature/shear rate fits). The implications of the above data are then discussed for the design of low friction lubricants which give improved fuel economy. It is highlighted that the traditional high temperature high shear viscosity, HTHS150, measured at 150 ℃ and a shear rate of 106 s−1, although adequate for bearing durability purposes, is probably not the ideal parameter to use for estimating the fuel economy potential of an oil (since shear rates in engines are usually much greater than 106 s−1, and also because oil temperatures in fuel economy engine tests are usually much lower than 150 ℃). Other possible high shear viscosity parameters are discussed which may be an improvement on HTHS150. The work also highlights that the choice of viscosity modifier, and the amount used, can have a substantial impact on the fuel economy performance of a lubricant.
Body image and dissatisfaction among rural Deep South African American women in a weight loss intervention
Authors: Johnson Erica R , Affuso Olivia , Levitan Emily B , Carson Tiffany L , Baskin Monica L
Published: March 2017

Body image perception may impact health-promoting behaviors as well as knowledge regarding health risks associated with obesity. Our cross-sectional analysis evaluated body image and its association with body mass index among overweight and obese treatment-seeking African American women ( N = 409). Differences between current and desired body image were captured using the Pulvers scale. Results indicated the presence of body image dissatisfaction among participants (median = 2.00, interquartile range: 2.00–3.00), with greater dissatisfaction observed at higher categories of body mass index. Additionally, receiver operating curves demonstrated the ability of the Pulvers scale to correctly identify participants classified by body mass index. Further research is needed to identify factors that influence body image perception.
BDSM under security: Radical resistance via contingent subjectivities
Authors: Parchev Ofer , Langdridge Darren
Published: March 2017

In recent decades, BDSM communities have engaged in a political struggle for rights by separating their practices from the oppressive gaze of legal and medical praxis, seeking to legitimize BDSM discourse and actions under the slogan of ‘safe, sane and consensual’. The espousal of principles governed primarily by health and safety nonetheless carries a normalizing overtone, apparently trapping the community within the epistemic codes against which they struggle. This article suggests that the security mechanism Foucault identifies as forming part of biopower can serve as a critical analytic capable of arbitrating between BDSM as a form of political resistance to hegemonic sexual norms and the restraints imposed by the ‘safe, sane and consensual’ code itself. We argue that communities using health and safety codes shift the political struggle from direct resistance to sovereign power to the transgression of hegemonic regimes of truth through contingent sexual identification and practice.
Enrich yourself by helping others: A web content analysis of providers of gap year packages and activities in the Netherlands
Authors: Hermann Inge , Peters Karin , Van Trijp Emy
Published: March 2017

With this article, we aim to contribute to a growing academic and public debate on claims about ‘taking a gap year’ as (an act of) moral tourism, a means of self-development and ultimately resulting in global citizenship. More specifically, we examined how the gap year discourse is exhibited, influenced and shaped through the representation, promotion and construction of gap year packages and activities on websites operated by providers in the Netherlands. Informed by Bourdieu’s model of capital accumulation, we conducted a content analysis of websites operated by providers of gap year packages and activities in the Netherlands. Findings show that narratives about gap years primarily focus on positive and personal (future) benefits of accumulating skills and self-development to potential gappers, and in some cases to their parents. The gap year is represented as a commercial product that allows one to explore the world and the Self. The findings also showed that although Dutch providers promote the gap year product as ethical, emphasis is placed primarily on the ‘ethical’ benefits for the gapper himself or herself. The article concludes with a critical reflection on how representations of reciprocal altruism by providers of gap year packages and activities in practice primarily underwrite the accumulation of (cultural) capital and notions of selfhood.
Proximity ethics, climate change and the flyer’s dilemma: Ethical negotiations of the hypermobile traveller
Authors: Hales Rob , Caton Kellee
Published: March 2017

This article offers a reading of proximity ethics as a novel way of understanding the moral dilemmas that underpin decisions of whether or not to fly. The question of why people fly, despite holding pro-environmental attitudes and knowing that their behaviour, in contradiction, is harming the earth they value, is not an easy one to answer. Through a co-constructed narrative method, we examine our own flying activity in relation to the proximal ethical decisions in the intersection of family, social and work domains. Our stories highlight that the tensions between normative positions on climate change and travel activities are bound up in the ethical proximal relations that compel intimate contact with others, create the need for face-to-face contact and impel obligation in family/work/social domains in a globalised world. Proximity ethics illuminates the flyer’s dilemma as a complex and tenuous web of moral decisions, in which care and proximity play key roles in guiding actions. The contribution of this article lies in its exploration of the quandaries of human behaviour associated with climate change mitigation, using moral philosophy as a window of understanding onto our increasingly technological and hypermobile world.
Jostling for a larger piece of the (class) action
Authors: Gamble Roger
Published: March 2017

Both third-party litigation funders and plaintiff lawyers have attempted to improve their competitive positions in the class action market. First, in an environment with very little regulation, litigation funders have sought court approval for the introduction of a ‘common fund’ that would dramatically tilt the cost-benefit calculus in favour of the funder, providing them with far greater certainty about the risks involved in funding a particular action. Second, entrepreneurial lawyers have tested some questionable strategies designed to circumvent the prohibition on lawyers charging contingency fees. To date, neither has succeeded but their efforts have prompted discussion about the way class action litigation should be funded, who should be allowed to fund it and the need for greater regulation.
Practical benefit rides again
Authors: Burton Matthew
Published: March 2017

This case note comments on a recent English Court of Appeal judgment departing from the pre-existing duty rule in contract law found in Foakes v Beer and extending the concept of practical benefit as good consideration to this situation. The note addresses the questions of precedent, the nature of the purported benefit in pre-existing duty situations, its relationship with the vitiating factor of economic duress and the future of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. The note argues that the Court of Appeal’s method of sidestepping recent Court of Appeal decisions upholding Foakes v Beer is open to question, that the Court of Appeal failed to consider the relationship between practical benefit and economic duress and that the future of the doctrine of promissory estoppel is in doubt.
The rush to judgement: Mapping moral geographies of the primary school playground
Authors: Chancellor Barbara , Hyndman Brendon
Published: March 2017

This article is informed by two studies in Australian primary school playgrounds and provides a critique of the interaction between adults and children during recess breaks in the school day. The study investigates the contours/lines of force that shape the moral geographies of playgrounds through management and supervision strategies. This scholarly discussion is underpinned by categories, including play that is risky, unhygienic, worthwhile, an obsession, violent/aggressive and good. It is argued that supervising teachers in the primary school playground can often rush to judge the play that they observe. Although mostly well intentioned, such types of play can often negatively impact adult agendas and biases. At an individual school level, critical engagement with the points raised in this article provides an opportunity for schools to reflect on primary school playground strategies and practices that they implement. Improving understanding of the moral geographies within primary school playgrounds can raise awareness in schools of the implications of supervisory interactions and judgement on the health and wellbeing of pupils.
Mobile recovery? The impact of smartphone use on recovery experiences in waiting situations
Authors: Rieger Diana , Hefner Dorothee , Vorderer Peter
Published: March 2017

The proliferation of smartphones and their use in almost every social situation has led to controversial discussions about the smartphone’s potential impact on stress and recovery of its users. Some research has found detrimental effects of permanent availability and connectivity, other studies hint at beneficial effects resulting from users taking minibreaks from work. As there is some evidence for a recovery potential of mass media in general, the current study extends this line of research by examining whether smartphones also have such potential. To that end, we investigated the effects of smartphone use in fatiguing situations on recovery experiences and cognitive performance. After a fatigue-induction task, participants were observed in a waiting situation in order to check whether they used their mobile devices. Afterwards, data on their recovery experiences and cognitive performance were collected. The results demonstrate that smartphone use can be beneficial for some recovery dimensions but also detrimental for others. Smartphone use was positively related to cognitive performance, mediated through experiences of control. Results are discussed regarding the consequences of new mobile technologies and their potential to stay permanently Internet-connected.
Comparison of 3 Different Perioperative Care Models for Patients With Hip Fractures Within 1 Health Service
Authors: Coventry Lillian Sarah , Nguyen Austin , Karahalios Amalia , Roshan-Zamir Sasha , Tran Phong
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

Orthogeriatric care models have been introduced within many health-care facilities to improve outcomes for hip fracture patients. This study aims to evaluate differences in care between 3 models, an orthopedic model, a geriatric model, and a comanaged model.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted for hip fracture patients treated at Western Health between November 2012 and March 2014. All patients aged 65 years or older were included in the analysis.

Results:

There were 183 patients in the orthopedic model, 137 in the geriatric model, and 126 in the comanaged model. Demographics and clinical characteristics were similar across the 3 models. Length of stay, mortality, and discharge destination were also consistent across the 3 groups. However, groups involving geriatricians were more likely to receive preoperative medical assessments, have greater recognition of postoperative medical problems, and have implementation of long-term osteoporosis management.

Conclusion:

The involvement of geriatricians in perioperative care models resulted in more comprehensive medical care without impacting length of stay, mortality, or discharge destination.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Capitellum in Young Athletes
Authors: Kajiyama Shiro , Muroi Satoshi , Sugaya Hiroyuki , Takahashi Norimasa , Matsuki Keisuke , Kawai Nobuaki , Osaki Makoto
Published: March 2017

Background:

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions are often observed in the humeral capitellum both in young baseball players and gymnasts. It is generally believed that capitellar OCD in baseball players can be seen on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph with the elbow in 45° of flexion. However, the mechanism of injury seems to be different in baseball players and gymnasts. Repetitive valgus overload with the elbow in flexion is believed to be the cause of capitellar OCD lesions in baseball players, whereas weightbearing with the elbow in extension may be the cause of OCD in gymnasts.

Purpose:

To determine the difference in capitellar OCD location between baseball players and gymnasts and to propose the optimal AP radiographic angle of the elbow for visualization of early-stage OCD lesions in adolescent gymnasts.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Subjects consisted of 95 baseball players (95 elbows) and 21 gymnasts (24 elbows) with a mean age of 13.7 years (range, 11-18 years). To localize the lesion, inclination of the affected area in the humeral capitellum against the humeral axis was investigated using sagittal computed tomography images of the elbow. The inclination angle was defined as the angle between the long axis of the humerus and the line perpendicular to a line that connected the anterior and posterior margin of the lesion. The inclination angle in each group was compared and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean inclination angle was 57.6° ± 10.7° in baseball players and 28.0° ± 10.7° in gymnasts. Capitellar OCD lesions were located more anterior in baseball players when compared with gymnasts ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Due to differences in applied stress, capitellar OCD lesions in baseball players were located more anteriorly compared with those seen in gymnasts. Therefore, although AP radiographs with the elbow in 45° of flexion are optimal for detecting OCD lesions in baseball players, radiographs with less elbow flexion or full extension are more useful in gymnasts, especially in early-stage OCD.
Ethnography of Female Diaspora Networks: The Emerging Case of Pakistani Female Entrepreneurs in London
Authors: Basit Asma
Published: March 2017

The business environment of a host country reflects the complex interplay of multiple social, cultural and religious factors with the lives and work of ethnic minority women. The distinct social context of each ethnic or immigrant group determines its position in the host country. Every ethnic minority group has its unique characteristics, social and cultural conventions and resources that facilitate or constrain their entrepreneurial endeavours. As social actors, ethnic minority entrepreneurs draw support and resources from the ‘network of social relations’; hence it is the ‘social network’ that facilitates or constraints the social actors’. It is the formation and utilization of a network of relationships that shapes the entrepreneurial outcomes which are not independent of external factors. Exploration of the outcomes of the interplay of gender, ethnicity and religion shaping the personal network of Pakistani female entrepreneurs forms the focus of this article in which ethnographic inquiry is used to explore the ‘meaning and perception’ attached to social relations by Pakistani female entrepreneurs in a special ethnic and immigrant context. Gender as a ‘social practice’ influenced by religious and cultural values leads Pakistani females to maintain ‘women only networks’ and rely on kinship networks. Transition from ethnic to non-ethnic and expansion of network is the outcome of mistrust on ethnic community members.
Adaptation to extreme weather events in complex health and social care systems: The example of older people’s services in England
Authors: Curtis Sarah , Oven Katie , Wistow Jonathan , Dunn Christine , Dominelli Lena
Published: March 2017

Our findings contribute to a growing international literature on how conceptual models from complexity theory may be relevant to inform planning in health and social care systems, helping to adapt and improve preparedness and resilience to extreme weather events. We focus on findings from two case studies in England and their relationship to national policy for adaptation. Complexity theory helped to frame strategies for planning for events that are emergent and unpredictable. We find from our case studies that, in spite of the uncertainty involved, some ‘principles’ derived from parts of the literature on complexity theory may provide a helpful framework for the development of more robust preparedness strategies in the health and social care sector. By viewing health and social care as a ‘system of systems’, adaptation planning recognises the interrelationships of built, institutional and social infrastructures. The idea of local systems, with variable, path-dependent attributes, which are partially closed, but permeable to other parts of the wider network, leads to an actionable model of adaptation which emphasises the potential value of local self-organisation, but also underlines the importance of co-evolution across the wider system and the vital role of national initiatives and support for adaptation strategies. The value of sharing experience from local case studies across the national system, as well as among local partners, is very apparent in the experience reported here.
Impact of a combined multimodal-aerobic and multimodal intervention compared to standard aerobic treatment in breast cancer survivors with chronic cancer-related fatigue - results of a three-armed pragmatic trial in a comprehensive cohort design
Authors:   On behalf of the CRF-2 study group, Kröz Matthias , Reif Marcus , Glinz Augustina , Berger Bettina , Nikolaou Andreas , Zerm Roland , Brinkhaus Benno , Girke Matthias , Büssing Arndt , Gutenbrunner Christoph
Published: March 2017

Background

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and insomnia are major complaints in breast cancer survivors (BC). Aerobic training (AT), the standard therapy for CRF in BC, shows only minor to moderate treatment effects. Other evidence-based treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, e.g., sleep education/restriction (SE) and mindfulness-based therapies. We investigated the effectiveness of a 10-week multimodal program (MT) consisting of SE, psycho-education, eurythmy- and painting-therapy, administered separately or in combination with AT (CT) and compared both arms to AT alone.

Methods

In a pragmatic comprehensive cohort study BC with chronic CRF were allocated randomly or by patient preference to (a) MT, (b) CT (MT + AT) or (c) AT alone. Primary endpoint was a composite score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Cancer Fatigue Scale after 10 weeks of intervention (T1); a second endpoint was a follow-up assessment 6 months later (T2). The primary hypothesis stated superiority of CT and non-inferiority of MT vs. AT at T1. A closed testing procedure preserved the global α-level. The intention-to-treat analysis included propensity scores for the mode of allocation and for the preferred treatment, respectively.

Results

Altogether 126 BC were recruited: 65 were randomized and 61 allocated by preference; 105 started the intervention. Socio-demographic parameters were generally balanced at baseline. Non-inferiority of MT to AT at T1 was confirmed (p < 0.05), yet the confirmative analysis stopped as it was not possible to confirm superiority of CT vs. AT (p = 0.119). In consecutive exploratory analyses MT and CT were superior to AT at T1 and T2 (MT) or T2 alone (CT), respectively.

Conclusions

The multimodal CRF-therapy was found to be confirmatively non-inferior to standard therapy and even yielded exploratively sustained superiority. A randomized controlled trial including a larger sample size and a longer follow-up to evaluate multimodal CRF-therapy is highly warranted.

Trial register

DRKS-ID: DRKS00003736. Recruitment period June 2011 to March 2013. Date of registering 19 June 2012.
Microglia-driven regulation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, myelination, and remyelination
Authors: Miron Veronique E
Published: March 2017

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS and members of the innate immune system. As such, they serve important functions in surveillance for indicators of damage and subsequent initiation of an inflammatory response. Although often implicated in neural damage, recent studies have also suggested beneficial roles of activated microglia and inflammation in developmental and regenerative processes in the CNS. These include regulating events leading to the generation and regeneration of myelin, the insulation surrounding nerve fibers which is critical for nerve health and function. This critical review discusses the evidence for the supportive role of microglia in these processes and the cellular and molecular components involved.
Joint inversion for effective anisotropic velocity model and event locations using S-wave splitting measurements from downhole microseismic data
Authors: Yuan Duo , Li Aibing
Published: March 2017

An accurate velocity model is essential in microseismic imaging. Layered sediments and subvertical cracks from tectonic stress and hydraulic fracturing make velocity models more complicated than isotropy or simple anisotropy, such as vertical transverse isotropy. Downhole microseismic acquisition usually cannot achieve sufficient ray coverage that is required to develop a low-symmetry anisotropic model from traveltimes alone. To solve this problem, we have developed a new type of data, S-wave splitting parameters (the delay time of the slow S-wave and fast S-wave polarization direction), to determine anisotropic models. A genetic algorithm inversion is adopted to solve for the locations of events and the stiffness tensor of an anisotropic medium simultaneously. We applied this method to synthetic waveforms from numerical modeling and successfully recovered the input event locations and the velocity model. The effectiveness of this method is further demonstrated by using real microseismic data acquired in the Bakken shale reservoir. Compared with the inversion with an isotropic velocity model, event locations from an anisotropic model become well-aligned with natural fractures in the Bakken Formation. Our experiments have evidenced that adding full S-wave splitting parameters makes a significant improvement in constraining a low-symmetry anisotropic model from downhole microseismic data.
Rock-physics transforms and scale of investigation
Authors: Dvorkin Jack , Wollner Uri
Published: March 2017

Rock-physics “velocity-porosity” transforms are usually established on sets of laboratory and/or well data with the latter data source being dominant in recent practice. The purpose of establishing such transforms is to (1) conduct forward modeling of the seismic response for various geologically plausible “what if” scenarios in the subsurface and (2) interpret seismic data for petrophysical properties and conditions, such as porosity, clay content, and pore fluid. Because the scale of investigation in the well is considerably smaller than that in reflection seismology, an important question is whether the rock-physics model established in the well can be used at the seismic scale. We use synthetic examples and well data to show that a rock-physics model established at the well approximately holds at the seismic scale, suggest a reason for this scale independence, and explore where it may be violated. The same question can be addressed as an inverse problem: Assume that we have a rock-physics transform and know that it works at the scale of investigation at which the elastic properties are seismically measured. What are the upscaled (smeared) petrophysical properties and conditions that these elastic properties point to? It appears that they are approximately the arithmetically volume-averaged porosity and clay content (in a simple quartz/clay setting) and are close to the arithmetically volume-averaged bulk modulus of the pore fluid (rather than averaged saturation).
Colonial History and Postcolonial Science Studies
Authors: Seth Suman
Published: March 2017

It was once not uncommon for histories of colonial science and medicine to draw on postcolonial theory. Today one finds many fewer such histories, despite the growing popularity of postcolonial science studies. This essay seeks to understand why and to make the case for expanding postcolonial science studies to once again include the colonial within its remit. It offers a history of postcolonial approaches to science and medicine from the mid-1980s to the end of the twentieth century. It then examines the turn, around 2000, toward studies of the present and near past in works on postcolonial technoscience. Perhaps ironically, the very suitedness of postcolonial approaches to our “globalized” present may have seemed to limit their applicability to the colonial and precolonial past. Finally, the essay looks to the future and argues that attention to colonial history would inform and improve contemporary studies of postcoloniality.
Labor in the Age of “Bio-Everything”
Authors: Herzig Rebecca , Subramaniam Banu
Published: March 2017

Labor has been and continues to be an indispensable category of analysis for radical scholars, as evidenced by the proliferation of new terms—“affective” labor, “immaterial” labor, “digital” labor, and so forth—developed to describe the asymmetrical relations of capital and labor in and across contemporary settings. This essay traces the recent advent of the concept of “biological” or “clinical” labor, exploring (a) the utility of the concept for radical historians and (b) the utility of perspectives from labor history to the studies of “biocapital” found in recent science and technology studies (STS). Placing labor history and STS in conversation (without presupposing clear or stable boundaries around either field of scholarship), the essay probes the meanings and limitations of the concept of “biological labor” from the vantage points of both fields, drawing in particular on critiques of human exceptionalism generated by scholars in animal studies, critical race studies, indigenous studies, postcolonial studies, queer and trans studies, and feminist new materialisms.
Debating Data Science
Authors: Beaton Brian , Acker Amelia , Di Monte Lauren , Setlur Shivrang , Sutherland Tonia , Tracy Sarah E.
Published: March 2017

Students and scholars working at the intersections of history and science and technology studies (STS) have an unexpected opportunity when it comes to the growing profession of data science: the chance not only to document but also to actively shape a “new” scientific profession, one that seems intent to scale up swiftly and determined to claim considerable global influence. Of course, charting origins and tracing the early histories of scientific and technical professions is an enduring tradition within STS-informed studies. Examples include landmark works such as the 1960s research on the origins of psychology by Joseph Ben-David and Randall Collins or, to offer more recent examples, Nathan Ensmenger's work on the cultural politics of early computer experts and Katie Shilton's on Internet architecture engineering teams. In this sense, for those working at the intersection of history and STS to concern themselves with the origins of a scientific field, and with the early stages of a scientific profession, is hardly groundbreaking.

This roundtable, organized for the 2015 and 2016 meetings of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), attempted something new: to move beyond professional genealogies and traditions in order to try and critically apprehend the self-proclaimed “new” science of data, which has strong ties to what some might call “scientific entrepreneurship” and which, as part of its self-fashioning, claims to render obsolete many older, established research methods from other scientific fields and disciplines. In the following edited transcription of this roundtable discussion, Brian Beaton and his collaborators endeavor to historicize and trace data science as a social formation and political ideology by identifying some of the expert fields that the “new” data science has threatened to supplement or replace. In doing so, they lay the groundwork for a much larger and decidedly interventionist research agenda that probes recent data science initiatives, including their transnational implications, by drawing connections between practices of data science and the numerous critical bodies of literature on data and society that currently proliferate.
Gender Differences in Accepting and Receiving Requests for Tasks with Low Promotability
Authors: Babcock Linda , Recalde Maria P. , Vesterlund Lise , Weingart Laurie
Published: March 2017

Gender differences in task allocations may sustain vertical gender segregation in labor markets. We examine the allocation of a task that everyone prefers be completed by someone else (writing a report, serving on a committee, etc.) and find evidence that women, more than men, volunteer, are asked to volunteer, and accept requests to volunteer for such tasks. Beliefs that women, more than men, say yes to tasks with low promotability appear as an important driver of these differences. If women hold tasks that are less promotable than those held by men, then women will progress more slowly in organizations. (JEL I23, J16, J44, J71, M12, M51)
Nonparametric Counterfactual Predictions in Neoclassical Models of International Trade
Authors: Adao Rodrigo , Costinot Arnaud , Donaldson Dave
Published: March 2017

We develop a methodology to construct nonparametric counterfactual predictions, free of functional form restrictions on preferences and technology, in neoclassical models of international trade. First, we establish the equivalence between such models and reduced exchange models in which countries directly exchange factor services. This equivalence implies that, for an arbitrary change in trade costs, counterfactual changes in the factor content of trade, factor prices, and welfare only depend on the shape of a reduced factor demand system. Second, we provide sufficient conditions under which estimates of this system can be recovered nonparametrically. Together, these results offer a strict generalization of the parametric approach used in so-called gravity models. Finally, we use China's recent integration into the world economy to illustrate the feasibility and potential benefits of our approach. (JEL C51, D51, F11, F14, O19, P33)
IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF DISK UNIT FOR GRINDING SUGAR BEET SEEDS
Authors: Гургенидзе  , Gurgenidze Zurab , Алиакберов  , Aliakberov Ilfat , Яхин  , Yakhin Sergey , Мустафин  , Mustafin Anas
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the development of device design for grinding seeds of sugar beet of disk type. Analyzing the number of scientists’ researches, we offer an improved version of the disc sander installation, devoid of the drawbacks of existing disk grinding plants. An analytical study of the trajectory and speed of the seeds was conducted, which are on the surface of the disc and justification of optimal, constructive and kinematic parameters of the installation.
EFFECT OF MAIZE HYBRIDS TO APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES IN THE VOLGA REGION ON THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Михайлова  , Mikhaylova Marina , Таланов  , Talanov Ivan , Каримова  , Karimova Liliya
Published: March 2017

In connection with the transition to import substitution of animal products, it is necessary to provide livestock industry with high-energy feed. One of the high-energy feed, that can produce 60-70 times more dry weight, than grain crops in a short time is maize. Experience shows, that in many farms of our country the maize productivity remains low. That’s why it is necessary to pay special attention to the basic elements of maize cultivation technology, one of which is to ensure optimal mineral nutrition, which will significantly increase not only the productivity, but also its quality. Unlike other agricultural crops, the biological potential of maize uses less than 40-50% at agricultural production. Therefore, taking into account the high possibility of the formation of high yield of maize green mass, it is necessary to create the optimal mode of plants for normal growth and its development during the growing season. Our results show, that at the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan the minimum vegetation period from germination to maturity of maize grain, regardless of nutrition background, was observed in the hybrid ROSS-140. On average for 2 years on the background of application the calculated doses of NPK of 50.0 tons per hectare, the planned productivity of maize green mass was produced 54.9 tons per hectare, in the current background of 70.0 tons per hectare – was received 69.6 tons per hectare. The maximum increase in the yield of green mass of maize (17.6 tons per hectare) was obtained from Kremen hybrid: on the background of applicant the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers of 50.0 tons per hectare and 29.8 tons per hectare from mineral fertilizers application to 70.0 tons per hectare.
ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Нижегородцева  , Nizhegorodtseva Lyubov , Турнин  , Turnin Sergey , Каримова  , Karimova Liliya , Сафин  , Safin Radik
Published: March 2017

The article presents the results of studies, evaluating the plasticity of spring barley varieties in the Republic of Tatarstan. The groups of varieties, differing in yield and resistance to stress, were distinguished. The features, that allow to predict the yield of spring barley, were highlighted in the paper.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND COMPANIES OF NETWORK TYPE
Authors: Желтенков Александр , Zheltenkov Aleksandr , Сюзева Ольга , Syuzeva Olga
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the problems of formation and development of management structures of industrial organizations and enterprises of network type and network forms of enterprises’ activity. The basic models of network management structures are allocated in the work. Functioning now Russian network structures of industrial enterprises are researched by the authors and the question about the need to develop a conceptual approach to the creation and development of management structures is raised. The authors define a network industrial organization as the perfect organizational type, characterized by the structure of free-bounded networks fundamentally equal and independent partners. The authors make conclusion about the need to implement the new principles of management in the network structures of industrial organizations, which is caused by two circumstantes. The first is the need in today´s environment to extremely quickly and flexibly respond to market demands, take into account the demand of buyers, new government restrictions, actions of competitors, technological innovations, discoveries, etc. The second – ubiquitousness of computer networks and various applications (CAD, Computer-Assisted Management, databases (DB), accounting and control programs, etc.) in enterprises. The authors justify the key areas of cooperation between the state and the network of industrial organizations, and formulate the principles of the formation and development of the organizational management structure of a network industrial company.