bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidences du libéralisme sur l'évolution des métiers de la clinique
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean , Askofaré Sidi
Published: August 2012

Ce qu’on appelle néo-libéralisme est loin de se réduire à une simple option économique. Il convient de prendre la mesure de son impact sur notre civilisation elle-même. D’une part il produit une nouvelle anthropologie à travers laquelle les sujets sont invités à se penser ; d’autre part il enrôle les disciplines académiques (psychologie, psychiatrie, économie, etc.) pour fabriquer la théorie de ce « nouvel individu » nécessaire à son développement et à son maintien ; enfin il pré-interprète en fonction de son idéologie les dysfonctionnements et autres incidences psychiques en aléas à éradiquer. De sorte que le clinicien se trouve devant un dilemme : participer à l’adaptation au monde de la globalisation et cultiver cette anthropologie qui débouche à terme sur l’effacement de toute clinique du sujet ou restaurer et accueillir la dimension de symptôme jusqu’à lui rendre sa fonction d’objection au formatage par quelque Autre que ce soit, et se retrouver lui-même dans une position symptomatique. Or, les réformes actuelles en Europe (et en tout cas en France) en matière de « santé mentale » semblent traquer cette position aussi bien à l’hôpital, dans l’éducation, que dans la justice : comment penser sinon une issue du moins une position éthique ?
La fixion sectaire
Authors: Mary Arthur
Published: August 2012

Le discours social s’organise autour de signifiants. Si les « grands récits » (Lyotard, 1979) de l’émancipation structuraient le socius moderne, leur disparition caractérise notre nouvelle modernité et fait place au foisonnement de petits récits, coextensifs aux discours du communautarisme et du sectarisme. Ces « fixions » (Ronell, 2009), faites de signifiants structurées suivant une modalité addictive et adhésive, prennent le sujet au piège d’un discours non soumis à la castration.
Exclusion sociale et non-lieux : des espaces urbains à la pulsion
Authors: Vinot Frédéric
Published: August 2012

Prolongement d’une recherche clinique sur l’exclusion sociale, l’hypothèse d’un « Autre urbain » est évoquée sous trois registres : littéraire, clinique et anthropologique. À chaque fois, la fonction du trou dans l’espace (zones blanches, effacement d’un trait, non-lieu anthropologique) y sera évoquée, dessinant peu à peu une logique pulsionnelle que j’espère pouvoir mettre en évidence au cœur même de ce qui pourrait s’appeler « l’Autre urbain ».
Le jeu chez l'enfant comme lecture et figuration d'un invisible
Authors: Diez Verónica
Published: August 2012

On tente ici d’analyser la fonction de la figuration que les dessins et jeux d’enfants nous proposent dans les rencontres cliniques, tout en comprenant la valeur signifiante que portent les images. Nous partirons de la psychanalyse, notamment des études faites par S. Freud et J. Lacan, et d’autres disciplines comme la linguistique et la philosophie pour aborder la question de la lisibilité des images par rapport aux procédés figuratifs utilisés par l’enfant.
Écritures du nœud du sujet
Authors: Prieto Graciela
Published: August 2012

L’abord de la Jouissance dans les années 70 produit un remaniement fondamental dans l’élaboration de Lacan. La structure de la jouissance n’admettant pas les principes de non-contradiction et de tiers exclu, implique une logique ternaire. Cette nécessité logique conduit Lacan à penser la structure selon une topologie borroméenne et à repenser la psychanalyse en fonction de l’écriture, des traces qu’un sujet écrit à partir de son savoir-y-faire-avec le Sinthome. Il s’agira dans cet article de montrer les ressorts de cette nécessité logique et les formes d’écriture qui en résultent.
L'injure dans la psychose
Authors: Guyonnet Damien
Published: August 2012

Les effets de l’injure sont connus : elle bouscule voire choque le destinataire, le blesse le plus souvent. Pour le dire simplement, elle ne laisse jamais indifférent. Ainsi a-t-elle pour but de viser un point sensible chez un sujet, voire de toucher chez lui quelque chose d’intime. C’est sur ce point que l’abord de l’injure, dans la perspective psychanalytique, présente tout son intérêt. Aussi, après avoir proposé une présentation générale du signifiant injurieux, et souligné la fonction de ravalement qu’il opère, nous nous intéresserons à sa logique dans la psychose, et plus spécifiquement au sein de l’injure hallucinée. La question du rejet, du signifiant dans le réel et de la jouissance sera alors abordée.
La clinique freudienne de l'entrée dans la psychose
Authors: Trichet Yohan
Published: August 2012

L’auteur se propose d’examiner la genèse et l’évolution de la clinique freudienne de l’entrée dans la psychose, à partir des observations contenues dans le corpus freudien. Il retrace le parcours conceptuel du fondateur de la psychanalyse, de ses premiers textes sur les psychonévroses (1894) à ses articles afférents à la seconde topique dans les années 20. Il en ressort que Freud situe essentiellement ses recherches dans le champ des psychoses paranoïaques. Malgré son incessante volonté et ses nombreuses propositions spéculatives, Freud ne parvient pas à dégager le mécanisme spécifique de la psychose et de son éclosion.
Effects of quercetin on exercise potential and exercise-induced cytokines in the horse
Authors: Baldassari J. , Franke W.C. , Horohov D.W. , Betancourt A. , McKeever K.H.
Published: August 2012

The goal of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that quercetin would alter markers of athletic performance as well as markers of exercise-induced inflammation. Six healthy, unfit Standardbred mares (∼500 kg, age 4-5 years) were assigned to one of two treatments (quercetin or water) in an experiment conducted in a crossover fashion. The horses were dosed via a nasogastric tube twice a day (08:00 and 20:00) with either 6 g of quercetin in 2 l tap water or 2 l water for 3.5 d. Two hours after the seventh and final dose, a graded exercise test (GXT) was run. During the test the treadmill remained at a fixed 6% grade. At t=0 the treadmill was started at a speed of 4 m/s. Each following minute the treadmill speed was increased by 1 m/s, up to a maximum speed of 11 m/s. Blood and muscle samples were collected before the initial dosing, before exercise and after the GXT to measure markers of inflammation. There was a significant (P<0.10) increase in run time to fatigue when the horses were dosed with quercetin. The VO2 recovery time was shortened significantly when compared to water-treated trials. There were exercise-induced increases (P<0.10) in haematocrit and the plasma concentrations of total protein, glucose, and lactate as well as expression of mRNA for TNF-α, IL-1, interferon-γ, granzyme-B (GrB) in blood. However, quercetin only affected (P<0.10) the expression of mRNA for GrB. Intramuscular levels of IL-1 and GrB also increased significantly with exercise, but there was no effect (P≯0.10) from quercetin treatment. This study provides evidence that quercetin could be useful in enhancing exercise performance, although the mechanism for this enhancement is unclear.
Methods of exercise intensity and lactataemia determination of lactate minimum test in rats
Authors: Beck W.R. , de Araujo G. Gomes , Gobatto C.A.
Published: August 2012

The lactate minimum test (LMT) is a useful protocol for determining the intensity corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state. Nevertheless, different methods to determine LMT variables are found in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyse three different methods for determining the effort intensity (LMTi) and lactataemia (LMTLAC) corresponding to LMT. We subjected seventeen rats to LMT in a swimming ergometer, following three steps: (1) acidosis induction phase; (2) recovery of nine minutes; and (3) incremental swimming intensity phase. We determined the LMTi and LMTLAC using three methods: visual inspection (VI - non-mathematic), second order polynomial function (fPOLY
- mathematic) and spline function (fSPL
- mathematic). Results showed no significant differences between the LMTi or LMTLAC values determined using VI (5.32+0.50% bw and 5.62+0.78 mM, respectively), fPOLY
(5.31+0.53% bw and 5.64+0.72 mM, respectively) and fSPL
(5.32+0.54% bw and 5.59+0.76 mM, respectively). We found significant correlations between the three methods (P<0.05). We concluded that the determination of the intensity and lactataemia corresponding to LMT are not influenced by mathematic or non-mathematic methods in swimming sedentary rats.
Influence of sampling time in the assessment of anaerobic threshold in horses
Authors: Baragli P. , Vitale V. , Sgorbini M. , Sighieri C.
Published: August 2012

Validity and reproducibility of anaerobic threshold (VLA4) is still matter for debate. Factors influencing blood lactate concentration, including blood collection procedure, are critical. This study aimed to evaluate influence of blood sampling times on VLA4 computing in two different horse breeds. Five Standardbreds and six Haflingers were included in this study. All the horses performed a standardised exercise test on treadmill (SET). An automatic collection device was employed to obtain blood samples every 60 seconds, in order to standardise sampling time. VLA4 was computed using the lactate data at the end of each step of the SET, and the corresponding velocity (VLA40min). The detection was then repeated for the concentrations at 1 (VLA41min), 2 (VLA42min) and 3 min (VLA43min) after the end of the 3rd step maintaining constant plasma lactate concentration of the first and the second step. VLA4 resulted increased with the VLA40min, while with the VLA41min, VLA42minand VLA43minthe value of the VLA4 decreased progressively. Difference, expressed as a percentage, between VLA40minand VLA43minmean values was 16.8 and 16.6%, for Standardbred and Haflinger horses, respectively. Hence, blood samples drawn within a time frame of 3 min after the end of the SET seem to induce changes when computing of VLA4. The results suggest to carefully pay attention in standardise sampling time, collecting blood in a time frame of two minutes, one minute after the end of exercise.
Investigation of factors associated with the probability of racehorses being pulled up in steeplechase races at Cheltenham racetrack
Authors: Mata F. , Williams J. , Marks F.
Published: August 2012

Limited research has been conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with horses being pulled up in steeplechase races. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with pulled up horses in steeplechase races at Cheltenham racecourse and utilise these to propose preventative strategies to reduce prospective risks of racehorses being pulled up in steeplechase races. Horse and racetrack factors that could be associated with an increased chance of horses being pulled up, extrapolated from previous research into racehorse falls and clinical injury, were identified and collated via the Racingpost website for all steeplechases (n=1,032) at Cheltenham for a 21 year period (January 1990 - December 2010). A logistic regression was used to model the probability of existence of pulled up horses in a given race. A negative binomial regression was used to model the number of pulled up horses in a given race. Increasing numbers of runners (P<0.001) starting a race and races of longer distances (P<0.001) resulted in more pulled up horses within the race. In contrast, faster race speeds (P<0.01) were associated with the presence of less pulled up horses in a race. Each additional m/s in the speed of the horses running the race in race results in a decreased probability of 38.1% that the race will contain pulled up horses. The influence of other horses within steeplechase races at Cheltenham appears to effect speed within racing and can exert a positive or negative influence on how many horses are pulled up in a race. It is suggested that additional co-variant factors such as going and distance can also impact upon speed, and that it is the interaction of these variables that produce equine fatigue resulting in pulled up horses. The predictive models devised have the potential to be employed to assess risk of horses being pulled up for other racetracks.
Lattice Boltzmann Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction with Moving Boundaries
Authors: Rosis Alessandro De , Falcucci Giacomo , Ubertini Stefano , Ubertini Francesco , Succi Sauro
Published: August 2012

This work is concerned with the modelling of the interaction of fluid flow with flexibly supported rigid bodies. The fluid flow is modelled by Lattice-Boltzmann Method, coupled to a set of ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of the solid body in terms its elastic and damping properties. The time discretization of the body dynamics is performed via the Time Discontinuous Galerkin Method. Several numerical examples are presented and highlight the robustness and efficiency of the proposed methodology, by means of comparisons with previously published results. The examples show that the present fluid-structure method is able to capture vortex- induced oscillations of flexibly-supported rigid body.
Time-Independent Finite Difference and Ghost Cell Method to Study Sloshing Liquid in 2D and 3D Tanks with Internal Structures
Authors: Wu C. H. , Faltinsen O. M. , Chen B. F.
Published: August 2012

A finite difference scheme with ghost cell technique is used to study viscous fluid sloshing in 2D and 3D tanks with internal structures. The Navier-Stokes equations in a moving coordinate system are derived and they are mapped onto a time-independent and stretched domain. The staggered grid is used and the revised SIMPLEC iteration algorithm is performed. The developed numerical model is rigorously validated by extensive comparisons with reported analytical, numerical and experimental results. The present numerical results were also validated through an experiment setup with a tank excited by an inclined horizontal excitation or a tank mounted by a vertical baffle. The method is then applied to a number of problems including sloshing fluid in a 2D tank with a bottom-mounted baffle and in a 3D tank with a vertical plate. The phenomena of diagonal sloshing waves affected by a vertical plate are investigated in detail in this work. The effects of internal structures on the resonant frequency of a tank with liquid are discussed and the present developed numerical method can successfully analyze the sloshing phenomenon in 2D or 3D tanks with internal structures.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Cavitating Flows
Authors: Falcucci Giacomo , Ubertini Stefano , Bella Gino , Succi Sauro
Published: August 2012

The onset of cavitating conditions inside the nozzle of liquid injectors is known to play a major role on spray characteristics, especially on jet penetration and break-up. In this work, we present a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to study the fluid dynamic field inside the nozzle of a cavitating injector. The formation of the cavitating region is determined via a multi-phase approach based on the Shan-Chen equation of state. The results obtained by the LBM simulation show satisfactory agreement with both numerical and experimental data. In addition, numerical evidence of bubble break-up, following upon flow-induced cavitation, is also reported.
Boundary Conditions for Combustion Field and LB Simulation of Diesel Particulate Filter
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: August 2012

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a key technology to meet future emission standards of particulate matters (PM), mainly soot. It is generally consists of a wall-flow type filter positioned in the exhaust stream of a diesel vehicle. It is difficult to simulate the thermal flow in DPF, because we need to consider the soot deposition and combustion in the complex geometry of filter wall. In our previous study, we proposed an approach for the conjugate simulation of gas-solid flow. That is, the gas phase was simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), coupled with the equation of heat conduction inside the solid filter substrate. However, its numerical procedure was slightly complex. In this study, to reduce numerical costs, we have tested a new boundary condition with chemical equilibrium in soot combustion at the surface of filter substrate. Based on the soot oxidation rate with catalysts evaluated in experiments, the lattice Boltzmann simulation of soot combustion in the catalyzed DPF is firstly presented to consider the process in the after-treatment of diesel exhaust gas. The heat and mass transfer is shown to discuss the effect of catalysts.
Energy Conserving Lattice Boltzmann Models for Incompressible Flow Simulations
Authors: Singh Shiwani , Krithivasan Siddharth , Karlin Iliya V. , Succi Sauro , Ansumali Santosh
Published: August 2012

In this paper, we highlight the benefits resulting from imposing energy-conserving equilibria in entropic lattice Boltzmann models for isothermal flows. The advantages are documented through a series of numerical simulations, such as Taylor-Green vortices, cavity flow and flow past a sphere.
Simulations of Boiling Systems Using a Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Biferale L. , Perlekar P. , Sbragaglia M. , Toschi F.
Published: August 2012

We report about a numerical algorithm based on the lattice Boltzmann method and its applications for simulations of turbulent convection in multi-phase flows. We discuss the issue of ’latent heat’ definition using a thermodynamically consistent pseudo-potential on the lattice. We present results of numerical simulations in 3D with and without boiling, showing the distribution of pressure, density and temperature fluctuations inside a convective cell.
Simulation of 3D Porous Media Flows with Application to Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Prasianakis N. I. , Rosén T. , Kang J. , Eller J. , Mantzaras J. , Büichi F. N.
Published: August 2012

A 3D lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with twenty-seven discrete velocities is presented and used for the simulation of three-dimensional porous media flows. Its accuracy in combination with the half-way bounce back boundary condition is assessed. Characteristic properties of the gas diffusion layers that are used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be determined with this model. Simulation in samples that have been obtained via X-ray tomographic microscopy, allows to estimate the values of permeability and relative effective diffusivity. Furthermore, the computational LB results are compared with the results of other numerical tools, as well as with experimental values.
Developing Extensible Lattice-Boltzmann Simulators for General-Purpose Graphics-Processing Units
Authors: Walsh Stuart D. C. , Saar Martin O.
Published: August 2012

Lattice-Boltzmann methods are versatile numerical modeling techniques capable of reproducing a wide variety of fluid-mechanical behavior. These methods are well suited to parallel implementation, particularly on the single-instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel processing environments found in computer graphics processing units (GPUs).

Although recent programming tools dramatically improve the ease with which GPUbased applications can be written, the programming environment still lacks the flexibility available to more traditional CPU programs. In particular, it may be difficult to develop modular and extensible programs that require variable on-device functionality with current GPU architectures.

This paper describes a process of automatic code generation that overcomes these difficulties for lattice-Boltzmann simulations. It details the development of GPU-based modules for an extensible lattice-Boltzmann simulation package – LBHydra. The performance of the automatically generated code is compared to equivalent purposewritten codes for both single-phase,multiphase, andmulticomponent flows. The flexibility of the new method is demonstrated by simulating a rising, dissolving droplet moving through a porous medium with user generated lattice-Boltzmann models and subroutines.
Validation of Pore-Scale Simulations of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings
Authors: Khirevich Siarhei , Höltzel Alexandra , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: August 2012

We employ the lattice Boltzmann method and random walk particle tracking to simulate the time evolution of hydrodynamic dispersion in bulk, random, monodisperse, hard-sphere packings with bed porosities (interparticle void volume fractions) between the random-close and the random-loose packing limit. Using Jodrey-Tory and Monte Carlo-based algorithms and a systematic variation of the packing protocols we generate a portfolio of packings, whose microstructures differ in their degree of heterogeneity (DoH). Because the DoH quantifies the heterogeneity of the void space distribution in a packing, the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated for the packings increases with the packings’ DoH. We investigate the influence of packing length (up to 150dp,wheredpis the sphere diameter) and grid resolution (up to 90 nodes perdp)on the simulated hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and demonstrate that the chosen packing dimensions of 10dpx10dpx70dpand the employed grid resolution of 60 nodes perdpare sufficient to observe asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficient and to minimize finite size effects. Asymptotic values of the dispersion coefficients calculated for the generated packings are compared with simulated as well as experimental data from the literature and yield good to excellent agreement.
Extended BGK Boltzmann for Dense Gases
Authors: Suryanarayanan Saikishan , Singh Shiwani , Ansumali Santosh
Published: August 2012

An alternate BGK type formulation of the Enskog equation has been recently proposed. It was shown that the new model has a valid H-theorem and correct thermal conductivity. We propose Lattice Boltzmann (LB) formulation of this new Enskog-BGK model. The molecular nature of the model is verified in case of shear flow by comparing the predicted normal stress behavior by the current model with the prediction of molecular dynamics simulations. We extend the model for multiphase flow by incorporating attractive part as Vlasov type force. To validate multiphase formulation, the results of 3D simulations of a condensing bubble in a periodic box are presented.
A Study of Fluid Interfaces and Moving Contact Lines Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Srivastava S. , Perlekar P. , Biferale L. , Sbragaglia M. , ten Thije Boonkkamp J.H. M. , Toschi F.
Published: August 2012

We study the static and dynamical behavior of the contact line between two fluids and a solid plate by means of the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The different fluid phases and their contact with the plate are simulated by means of standard Shan-Chen models. We investigate different regimes and compare the multicomponent vs. the multiphase LBM models near the contact line. A static interface profile is attained with the multiphase model just by balancing the hydrostatic pressure (due to gravity) with a pressure jump at the bottom. In order to study the same problem with the multicomponent case we propose and validate an idea of a body force acting only on one of the two fluid components. In order to reproduce results matching an infinite bath, boundary conditions at the bath side play a key role. We quantitatively compare open and wall boundary conditions and study their influence on the shape of the meniscus against static and lubrication theory solution.
Impedance Boundary Condition for Lattice Boltzmann Model
Authors: Sun Chenghai , Pérot Franck , Zhang Raoyang , Freed David M. , Chen Hudong
Published: August 2012

A surface based lattice Boltzmann impedance boundary condition (BC) using Ozyoruk’s model [J. Comput. Phys., 146 (1998), pp. 29-57] is proposed and implemented in PowerFLOW. In Ozyoruk’s model, pressure fluctuation is directly linked to normal velocity on an impedance surface. In the present study, the relation between pressure and normal velocity is realized precisely by imposing a mass flux on the surface. This impedance BC is generalized and can handle complex geometry. Combined with the turbulence model in the lattice Boltzmann solver PowerFLOW, this BC can be used to model the effect of a liner in presence of a complex 3D turbulent flow. Preliminary simulations of the NASA Langley grazing flow tube and Kundt tube show satisfying agreement with experimental results.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations: Pattern Formation Under Uniform Differential Advection
Authors: Ayodele S. G. , Raabe D. , Varnik F.
Published: August 2012

A lattice Boltzmann model for the study of advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) problems is proposed. Via multiscale expansion analysis, we derive from the LB model the resulting macroscopic equations. It is shown that a linear equilibrium distribution is sufficient to produce ADR equations within error terms of the order of the Mach number squared. Furthermore, we study spatially varying structures arising from the interaction of advective transport with a cubic autocatalytic reaction-diffusion process under an imposed uniform flow. While advecting all the present species leads to trivial translation of the Turing patterns, differential advection leads to flow induced instability characterized with traveling stripes with a velocity dependent wave vector parallel to the flow direction. Predictions from a linear stability analysis of the model equations are found to be in line with these observations.
Derivation of Hydrodynamics for Multi-Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann using the Moment Approach
Authors: Kaehler Goetz , Wagner Alexander J.
Published: August 2012

A general analysis of the hydrodynamic limit of multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann models is presented. We examine multi-relaxation time BGK collision operators that are constructed similarly to those for the MRT case, however, without explicitly moving into a moment space representation. The corresponding ‘moments’ are derived as left eigenvectors of said collision operator in velocity space. Consequently we can, in a representation independent of the chosen base velocity set, generate the conservation equations. We find a significant degree of freedom in the choice of the collision matrix and the associated basis which leaves the collision operator invariant. We explain why MRT implementations in the literature reproduce identical hydrodynamics despite being based on different orthogonalization relations. More importantly, however, we outline a minimal set of requirements on the moment base necessary to maintain the validity of the hydrodynamic equations. This is particularly useful in the context of position and time-dependent moments such as those used in the context of peculiar velocities and some implementations of fluctuations in a lattice-Boltzmann simulation.
Teaching Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dissection to Residents in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Sundaram Krishnamurthi , Aynehchi Behrad Ben
Published: August 2012

Background

Various approaches can be employed when teaching thyroidectomy. Delivery of the gland prior to complete dissection and identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is sometimes utilized in the absence of laryngeal nerve monitoring (LNM), while identification and dissection of the RLN from the gland is more feasible in the presence of LNM. We hypothesized that teaching RLN dissection technique to residents as primary surgeons (using loupes and nerve monitoring) did not increase postoperative morbidity in head and neck endocrine surgery.

Materials and methods

In 101 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomies/parathyroidectomies, we have modified our technique to teach our residents consistent early identification of the RLN in the paratracheal region by direct visualization (loupe magnification) and nerve stimulation. All patients had preoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopy and a repeat laryngoscopy 1 week after surgery. Presence or absence of true vocal fold paralysis/paresis was documented.

Results

One hundred and nineteen surgical procedures were available for study. One patient developed a permanent vocal fold paralysis (1/119 or 0.84%). There was another patient with a vocal fold paresis which recovered in 4 weeks (1/119 or 0.84%).

Conclusion

The RLN dissection technique with early identification, dissection and preservation of the nerve using magnification combined with nerve monitoring has emerged as an important resident teaching tool. The morbidity rate is acceptable. Notably in light of the increasing rates of thyroid surgery and LNM utilization, resident physicians may benefit from exposure to this technique as a component of their training.

How to cite this article

Sundaram K, Aynehchi BB. Teaching Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dissection to Residents in Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):5-7.
Use of Miniplates in Parasymphysis Fractures: A Survey Conducted among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India
Authors: Saluja Harish , Dehane Vipin , Kini Yogesh , Mahindra Uma
Published: August 2012

Aim:

Aim of the study was to find out the number of miniplates used by Indian oral and maxillofacial surgeons for parasymphysis fractures.

Study design

A survey was done among oral and maxillofacial surgeons of India at the 34th annual meeting of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Four questions were given to each individual to find out their opinion regarding use of miniplates in parasymphysis fractures.

Results

Eighty-eight percent of Indian surgeons were in favor of using intraoperative or postoperative intermaxillary fixation. Thirty-eight percent responded in favor of using single miniplate for parasymphysis fracture instead of using two miniplates. 54% maxillofacial surgeons use various modifications depending on different conditions. 42% of maxillofacial surgeons accepted that lower arch bar can be used as a tension band.

Conclusion

Use of miniplates for the treatment of parasymphysis fracture varies from center to center and from surgeon to surgeon. Though miniplates are best used following Champy's principle, still many surgeons use single miniplate. Arch bars placed for intermaxillary fixation can be used as a tension band, again eliminating the need for upper plate.

How to cite this article

Saluja H, Dehane V, Kini Y, Mahindra U. Use of Miniplates in Parasymphysis Fractures: A Survey Conducted among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):8-10.
Impact of HIV on Head and Neck in South India: A Cytology Study
Authors: Ramachandra Naik Balachandra
Published: August 2012

South India is now endemic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Government and other organizations statistics are not correlating with our laboratory records. We are getting increased HIV-positive cases for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at our laboratory. Our past statistics of cytology lesions are altered due to opportunistic infections in HIV-positives, so, we decided to find the real incidences of various opportunistic diseases in HIV-positives pertaining mainly to head and neck only, because, this part of body is the major contributor for our fine needle aspiration cytology workload.

Conducted free ELISA test for all, prior to FNAC procedure to separate immune competent, then study was conducted using available resources in well-planned procedure for definitive diagnosis.

In 1 year, we did 3,407 FNAC, 2,283 (67%) FNAC cases were belongs to head and neck. We got 359 (10.53%) HIV-positive patients including 317 (88.3%) from head and neck, male to female ratio was 1.55:1, cervical lymph node swellings were 89.2%, followed by oral cavity 6%. Youngest patient was 7-year-old and oldest was 54-year, mean age was 26.5 years.

It is very difficult to reduce the incidences and the spread of HIV infection by government/other organizations efforts, needs vigorous effective effort to educate youths of all sections, which is remote for India.

How to cite this article

Ramachandra NB. Impact of HIV on Head and Neck in South India: A Cytology Study. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):11-14.
Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Maraignanam Gopinath , Somu L
Published: August 2012

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare tumor of the paranasal sinuses, that shows combined features of both malignant teratoma and carcinosarcoma. It was earlier called teratoid carcinosarcoma or blastoma or teratocarcinoma or malignant teratoma. Its pecularity is its highly aggressive nature with a 5 years survival rate of 45% with treatment according to published statistics. Its treatment modality is a combination of surgery and radiotherapy. Here, we report one such case who presented with a history of one episode of torrential bleeding from left nostril and nasal obstruction for 3 months for which total excision of the tumor was done by endoscopic-assisted left lateral rhinotomy approach. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma and she was subsequently administered radiotherapy postoperatively.

How to cite this article

Mohanty S, Maraignanam G, Somu L. Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma: A Rare Clinical Entity. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):22-23.
A Rare Case of Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Nanjundappa A , Amirtham Usha , Thyagarajan Shivakumar , Shivappa Akshay , Burrah Rajaram
Published: August 2012

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare invasive malignancy arising from the ductal epithelium of the major salivary glands, especially the parotid gland. These are an uncommon but distinct group of highly malignant salivary gland tumors. This malignancy is well known for its aggressive behavior, metastasis to distant sites and high mortality rate. Few cases of SDC arising from minor salivary glands have been reported in literature. Till now no case has been reported to be occurring in the minor salivary glands of the hypopharynx. In this article, we present a case of salivary duct carcinoma of a 44-year-old male patient occurring in the minor salivary glands of the hypopharynx. The relevant literature and its treatment aspects are discussed.

How to cite this article

Veerabhadraiah P, Nanjundappa A, Amirtham U, Thyagarajan S, Shivappa A, Burrah R. A Rare Case of Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):25-27.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Anand Akash , Yang Christina J , Amedee Ronald G , Naing Win , Hebert Aynaud Foster
Published: August 2012

Introduction

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) metastatic to the thyroid is rare. In this case report and literature review, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of MFH.

Materials and methods

We present a case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid. A literature review on malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the thyroid was performed.

Results

We present a case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid from a lower extremity primary, treated by excision. The initial diagnosis of MFH metastatic to the thyroid relies on history and histopathology. Treatment is excision, sometimes followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This is the sixth documented case of MFH metastatic to the thyroid. Due to the rarity of this disease, treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.

How to cite this article

Yang CJ, Anand A, Amedee RG, Naing W, Hebert AF. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1): 30-32.
Sublingual Schwannoma: A Rare Clinical Entity reported in a Hypothyroid Female
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Ravishankara S , Appaji Mohan K , Goutham MK
Published: August 2012

Background

Schwannomas are solitary, encapsulated tumor usually attached to, or surrounded by a nerve and are not associated with von Recklinghausen's disease and rarely show malignant degeneration.

Setting

Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, KVG Medical College, Sullia.

Case report

A 68-year-old female presented with pain at the left side of the tongue since 1 month. Also a firm to soft 7 × 5 cm sublingual swelling of long-standing duration was seen. FNAC was inconclusive and contrast CT showed a sublingual swelling with mild-contrast enhancement.

Intervention

Sublingual excision of the tumor was done under general anesthesia and the tumor enucleated. No complications were seen and the recovery was uneventful. Histopathological report came as benign schwannoma and immunoreactive to S- 100 protein.

Conclusion

Most of the intraoral schwannomas are managed by complete surgical excision and recurrence are not reported. Malignant transformation is not seen in any of the intraoral schwannomas but definite preoperative diagnosis is necessary to avoid wide excision when the tumors can be easily enucleated without recurrence.

How to cite this article

Naik SM, Goutham MK, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK. Sublingual Schwannoma: A Rare Clinical Entity reported in a Hypothyroid Female. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):33-39.
Cavernous Hemangioma of Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Bhardwar Vaneeta , Kaur Kulbir , Arora Sonia
Published: August 2012

Cavernous hemangiomas are slow growing and tend to be locally destructive secondary to a pressure effect. Despite the high incidence of head and neck hemangiomas, those located in the sinonasal region are rare and those originating in the sinus mucosa are extremely rare. We present here a case report of cavernous hemangioma of the sinonasal region presenting as nasal mass with epistaxis in a 36-year-old male with CT diagnosis of antrochoanal polyp.

How to cite this article

Seth S, Kaur K, Bhardwar V. Cavernous Hemangioma of Maxillary Sinus. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):42-44.
Occult Neoplasm (Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma) in a Parotid Cyst
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Kulkarni Anuja Santosh
Published: August 2012

A parotid cyst is a well-documented clinical entity. Here we report a case of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma as an occult neoplasm; a rare presentation of a parotid cyst in a 35-year-old female patient who presented with well-defined small cystic swelling of right parotid gland; cytologically consistent with a simple parotid gland cyst. The purpose of this article is to create awareness about existence of an occult neoplasm (low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in this case) in a small simple parotid cyst in a young female an unusual presentation and management of parotid cyst.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni AS, Karnik P. Occult Neoplasm (mucoepidermoid carcinoma) in a Parotid Cyst. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):53-55.
Chemically-resolved aerosol eddy covariance flux measurements in urban Mexico City during MILAGRO 2006
Authors: Zalakeviciute R. , Alexander M. L. , Allwine E. , Jimenez J. L. , Jobson B. T. , Molina L. T. , Nemitz E. , Pressley S.N. , VanReken T. M. , Ulbrich I. M. , Velasco E. , Lamb B. K.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. As part of the MILAGRO 2006 field campaign, the exchange of atmospheric aerosols with the urban landscape was measured from a tall tower erected in a heavily populated neighborhood of Mexico City. Urban submicron aerosol fluxes were measured using an eddy covariance method with a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer during a two week period in March, 2006. Nitrate and ammonium aerosol concentrations were elevated at this location near the city center compared to measurements at other urban sites. Significant downward fluxes of nitrate aerosol, averaging −0.2 μg m−2 s−1, were measured during daytime. The urban surface was not a significant source of sulfate aerosols. The measurements also showed that primary organic aerosol fluxes, approximated by hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), displayed diurnal patterns similar to CO2 fluxes and anthropogenic urban activities. Overall, 47% of submicron organic aerosol emissions were HOA, 35% were oxygenated (OOA) and 18% were associated with biomass burning (BBOA). Organic aerosol fluxes were bi-directional, but on average HOA fluxes were 0.1 μg m−2 s−1, OOA fluxes were −0.03 μg m−2 s−1, and BBOA fluxes were −0.03 μg m−2 s−1. After accounting for size differences (PM1 vs PM2.5) and using an estimate of the black carbon component, comparison of the flux measurements with the 2006 gridded emissions inventory of Mexico City, showed that the daily-averaged total PM emission rates were essentially identical for the emission inventory and the flux measurements. However, the emission inventory included dust and metal particulate contributions, which were not included in the flux measurements. As a result, it appears that the inventory underestimates overall PM emissions for this location.
The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – technical description
Authors: Simpson D. , Benedictow A. , Berge H. , Bergström R. , Emberson L. D. , Fagerli H. , Flechard C. R. , Hayman G. D. , Gauss M. , Jonson J. E. , Jenkin M. E. , Nyíri A. , Richter C. , Semeena V. S. , Tsyro S. , Tuovinen J.-P. , Valdebenito Á. , Wind P.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W) of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been performing model calculations in support of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) for more than 30 years. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model is still one of the key tools within European air pollution policy assessments. Traditionally, the model has covered all of Europe with a resolution of about 50 km × 50 km, and extending vertically from ground level to the tropopause (100 hPa). The model has changed extensively over the last ten years, however, with flexible processing of chemical schemes, meteorological inputs, and with nesting capability: the code is now applied on scales ranging from local (ca. 5 km grid size) to global (with 1 degree resolution). The model is used to simulate photo-oxidants and both inorganic and organic aerosols. In 2008 the EMEP model was released for the first time as public domain code, along with all required input data for model runs for one year. The second release of the EMEP MSC-W model became available in mid 2011, and a new release is targeted for summer 2012. This publication is intended to document this third release of the EMEP MSC-W model. The model formulations are given, along with details of input data-sets which are used, and a brief background on some of the choices made in the formulation is presented. The model code itself is available at www.emep.int, along with the data required to run for a full year over Europe.
Modelling and intepreting the isotopic composition of water vapour in convective updrafts
Authors: Bolot M. , Legras B. , Moyer E. J.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The isotopic compositions of water vapour and its condensates have long been used as tracers of the global hydrological cycle, but may also be useful for understanding processes within individual convective clouds. We review here the representation of processes that alter water isotopic compositions during processing of air in convective updrafts and present a unified model for water vapour isotopic evolution within undiluted deep convective cores, with a special focus on the out-of-equilibrium conditions of mixed phase zones where metastable liquid water and ice coexist. We use our model to show that a combination of water isotopologue measurements can constrain critical convective parameters including degree of supersaturation, supercooled water content and glaciation temperature. Important isotopic processes in updrafts include kinetic effects that are a consequence of diffusive growth or decay of cloud particles within a supersaturated or subsaturated environment; isotopic re-equilibration between vapour and supercooled droplets, which buffers isotopic distillation; and differing mechanisms of glaciation (droplet freezing vs. the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process). As all of these processes are related to updraft strength, droplet size distribution and the retention of supercooled water, isotopic measurements can serve as a probe of in-cloud conditions of importance to convective processes. We study the sensitivity of the profile of water vapour isotopic composition to differing model assumptions and show how measurements of isotopic composition at cloud base and cloud top alone may be sufficient to retrieve key cloud parameters.
Partitioning of soil CO2 efflux in un-manipulated and experimentally flooded plots of a temperate fen
Authors: Wunderlich S. , Borken W.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon, but the carbon stock is sensitive to changes in precipitation or water table manipulations. Restoration of drained peatlands by drain blocking and flooding is a common measure to conserve and augment the carbon stock of peatland soils. Here, we report to what extent flooding affected the contribution of heterotrophic and rhizosphere respiration to soil CO2 efflux in a grass-dominated mountain fen in Germany. Soil CO2 efflux was measured in three un-manipulated control plots and three flooded plots in two consecutive years. Flooding was achieved by permanent irrigation during the growing seasons. Radiocarbon signatures of CO2 from different sources including soil CO2 efflux, incubated peat cores and live grass roots were repeatedly analyzed for partitioning of soil CO2 efflux. Additionally, heterotrophic respiration and its radiocarbon signature were determined by eliminating rhizosphere respiration in trenched subplots (only control). In the control plots, rhizosphere respiration determined by 14C signatures contributed between 47 and 61% during the growing season, but was small (4 ± 8%) immediately before budding. Trenching revealed a smaller rhizosphere contribution of 33 ± 8% (2009) and 22 ± 9% (2010) during growing seasons. Flooding reduced annual soil CO2 efflux of the fen by 42% in 2009 and by 30% in 2010. The reduction was smaller in 2010 mainly through naturally elevated water level in the control plots. A one-week interruption of irrigation caused a strong short-lived increase in soil CO2 efflux, demonstrating the sensitivity of the fen to water table drawdown near the peat surface. The reduction in soil CO2 efflux in the flooded plots diminished the relative proportion of rhizosphere respiration from 56 to 46%, suggesting that rhizosphere respiration was slightly more sensitive to flooding than heterotrophic respiration.