bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsive Parenting Behaviors and Cognitive Function in Children With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Yarboi Janet , Prussien Kemar V , Bemis Heather , Williams Ellen , Watson Kelly H , McNally Collen , Henry Lauren , King Allison A , DeBaun Michael R , Compas Bruce E
Published: July 2019

Objective

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for cognitive impairment as a result in part from biological characteristics of the disease; however, limited research has explored possible social and contextual factors associated with risk for cognitive problems. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the relation between children’s cognitive functioning and responsive parenting, a potentially important contextual factor in children with SCD, accounting for family socioeconomic disadvantage, child disease severity, and caregivers’ perceived stress.

Methods

Forty-eight children completed standardized cognitive assessments and caregivers provided self-reports of general and disease-related stress. Parent–child dyads completed a video recorded puzzle-solving task and observed parenting was quantified using two coding systems. Bivariate Pearson correlations were used to assess preliminary hypotheses, and linear multiple regression analyses were used to assess the primary hypothesis.

Results

Results suggested that increased levels of parental stress were related to fewer observations of responsive parenting and provided evidence of an association between children’s cognitive function and responsive parenting. Specifically, increased disease-related parent stress and reduced parental use of expansive language were associated with significantly lower cognitive functioning in children with SCD.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that social environmental factors along with disease characteristics are sources of risk for cognitive problems with children with SCD. Further, these findings highlight the need to develop targeted interventions for parents of children with SCD to decrease levels of stress and enhance parenting skills, with the aim improving cognitive functioning in youth.
Search for the evolutionary relationship between Galactic globular and open clusters using data from the Gaia DR2 catalogue
Authors: Bajkova A T , Bobylev V V
Published: July 2019

Passing through the Galactic disc, a massive object such as a globular cluster, can trigger star formation process leading to the birth of open clusters. Here, we analyse such possible evolutionary relationship between globular and open clusters. To search for the closest rapprochement between objects we computed backwards the orbits of 150 Galactic globular and 232 open clusters (younger than 100 Myr) with proper motions, derived from the Gaia DR2 catalogue. The orbits were computed using the recently modified three-component (disc, bulge, and halo) axisymmetric Navarro–Frenk–White potential, which was complemented by non-axisymmetric bar and spiral density wave potentials. We obtained a new estimate for the frequency of impacts of globular clusters about the Galactic disc, which is equal to four events for 1 Myr. In the framework of the considered scenario, we highlight the following nine pairs of globular and open clusters, with rapprochement within 1 kpc at the time of the intersection the Galactic disc by a globular cluster for the latest 100 Myr: NGC 104 – Turner 3, NGC 104 – NGC 6396, NGC 104 – Ruprecht 127, NGC 5139 – Trumpler 17, NGC 5139 – NGC 6520, NGC 6341 – NGC 6613, NGC 6838 – NGC 6520, NGC 7078 – NGC 7063, NGC 6760 – Ruprecht 127.
The Medium is the Message: The Screen Life of the Cuban Revolution, 1959–1962*
Authors: Lambe Jennifer
Published: July 2019

For decades, the iconic image of the Cuban Revolution has been set in Havana's ‘Revolution Square’, with thousands of Cubans thronging to hear Fidel Castro speak. This portrait undergirds a primary assumption about the Revolution: that many Cubans came to embrace it by basking in the euphoria of Fidel's live presence. For the Revolution's crucial early years, this article proposes that we should reimagine this archetypal conversion experience, setting it not only under Cuba's hot sun in an hours-long rally but also in front of a television (or radio) set. From 1959 to 1962 and beyond, the interactive drama of revolutionary conversion would be constantly staged and actualized on the small screen. The early years of the Cuban Revolution thus offer a compelling window onto political life lived with and through television.
The effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors on radiographic progression in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Boers Nadine , Michielsens Celia A J , van der Heijde Désirée , den Broeder Alfons A , Welsing Paco M J
Published: July 2019

The effect of TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi), with or without concomitant NSAIDs, on radiographic progression in axial SpA remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review up to January 2019 to determine whether longer use of standard dose TNFi is superior vs lower duration or lower dose TNFi therapy, conventional synthetic DMARDs alone, or no therapy in inhibiting radiographic progression in patients with axial SpA. Our search yielded 373 titles of which 14 full text articles and five abstracts were eligible for quantitative analysis. Studies had an overall moderate to critical risk of bias. Data could not be pooled due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Individual studies showed conflicting results with mainly no significant difference in radiographic progression when comparing effect of TNFi therapy to no TNFi therapy or when comparing to less TNFi therapy until 2 years of follow-up. Results that are more significant are shown after 2 years’ follow-up, mainly in subgroups with baseline syndesmophytes. Data on the additional or synergistic effect of concomitant NSAID use were inconclusive.
How Did Eighteenth-century Scottish Surgeons Earn a Living?
Authors: Mulcahy Ursula Mary
Published: July 2019

This article investigates how most surgeons and surgeon-apothecaries in eighteenth-century Scotland earned a living. I argue that the evidence suggests that their main source of income was selling drugs and treating infectious diseases. Approximately, two-thirds of them practised without a licence. This situation came about because apprentices were not trained to do high-risk surgery, and the article discusses the problems Scottish surgeons faced in obtaining such training. These circumstances were not unique to Scotland. Where records exist, they indicate that very few eighteenth-century surgeons performed high-risk procedures such as amputation and lithotomy.
Boerhaave syndrome
Authors: Olivero Ryan
Published: July 2019

Spontaneous esophageal perforation, also called Boerhaave syndrome, is a relatively rare condition that can result in significant morbidity or mortality. The tear commonly involves all three layers of the esophagus. It results from increased intraluminal pressure, most commonly from violent retching and vomiting. This article describes a patient with esophageal perforation in the immediate postoperative period following elective hip arthroplasty.
A simple guidewire and angiocatheter technique for urinary catheter placement
Authors: Luangkhot Robert , Cheng Einstein , Yuan Meilong , Rashidzada Mariam , Chen Yi , Yakubov Yevgeniy , Babayev Jonathan , Franco Elizabeth , Prithiani Rinku
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To report on a simple technique of inserting any difficult urinary catheter using a hydrophilic guidewire and an angiocatheter.

Materials and methods:

A total of 764 requests were made to the urology team for assistance with a difficult urinary catheter placement. For all patients, either a regular or bent-tip catheter was attempted first. If the initial placement attempt failed, our technique using an angiocatheter, a hydrophilic guidewire, and a urinary catheter of choice was then employed.

Results:

We were able to successfully insert 526 regular or bent-tip indwelling urinary catheters on first attempt (68.8%). Two hundred and four (26.7%) placements required the use of our described technique. No complication was encountered from the bedside maneuver.

Conclusions:

Our method is safe, easily learned, and performed. The technique saves time, effort, and resources, as it averts the necessity of rare use of expensive equipment, bedside flexible cystoscopy, and cystotomy.
Evaluating and managing acetabular dysplasia in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Breidel Kaitlin E. , Coobs Benjamin R.
Published: July 2019

Hip dysplasia is a developmental deformity in which abnormal acetabular or proximal femoral growth causes structural instability of the hip joint due to inadequate bony coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head. Skeletally mature adolescents or young adults with underlying acetabular dysplasia may present with activity-related groin or lateral hip pain and a limp. This article reviews the current understanding of the disease and better treatment options for correcting acetabular dysplasia in symptomatic adolescents and young adults before secondary osteoarthritis develops.
Negative-pressure pulmonary edema after laparoscopic appendectomy
Authors: Chang Wei Chao
Published: July 2019

Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is acute-onset bilateral pulmonary interstitial edema. This condition can be caused by significant negative intrathoracic pressure generated by large inspiratory effort against acute upper airway obstruction. Postoperative NPPE is rare but potentially life-threatening if not recognized and treated promptly. This article describes a patient who developed postoperative NPPE following a laparoscopic appendectomy.
Broadening Medical Students’ Exposure to the Range of Illness Experiences: A Pilot Curriculum Focused on Depression Education
Authors: Pandhi Nancy , Gaines Martha , Deci David , Schlesinger Mark , Culp Cecilia , Karp Zaher , Legler Christie , Grob Rachel
Published: July 2019

Problem

Exposing medical students to a broad range of illness experiences is crucial for teaching them to practice patient-centered care, but students often have limited interaction with patients with diverse illness presentations.

Approach

The authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a self-directed online curriculum followed by a small-group discussion focused on depression education. The curriculum was based on a module created using the Database of Individual Patients’ Experiences methodology. Findings from 40 interviews with young adults across the United States about their diverse experiences with depression were summarized online, and the summaries were illustrated by video, audio, and text clips. From August 2016 to April 2017, third-year students completed either this online curriculum and the usual clerkship curriculum or just the usual clerkship curriculum. These intervention and control groups completed pre- and postsurveys.

Outcomes

Students in the intervention group reported that the online curriculum influenced their thinking about depression (51/56) nearly as often as they reported that seeing patients in clinic did (53/56). They also reported greater decreases in personal stigmatizing attitudes toward depression than did students in the control group as measured by the Depression Stigma Scale (5.75–4.02, intervention; 6.50–5.65, control; P = .004). In open-ended responses, students in the intervention group were 13 times more likely to describe key lessons from the curriculum that reflected patient heterogeneity.

Next Steps

Future collaborations include implementing and evaluating this curriculum at other medical schools and developing additional versions based on other illness experiences.
Uniplanar Osteotomy for Multiplanar Femoral Deformity Correction
Authors: Medda Suman , Jinnah Alexander H. , Marquez-Lara Alejandro , Araiza Edgar T. , Carroll Eben A.
Published: July 2019

Long-bone deformity may be significantly symptomatic. A uniplanar corrective osteotomy uses a single cut to correct coronal, sagittal, and axial plane deformity simultaneously. Careful preoperative planning is required in addition to a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and plane of the true deformity of the bone. With precise operative technique and intraoperative assessment of correction, good results can be achieved.

Video available at:
http://links.lww.com/JOT/A800
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Fracture With Incarcerated Fragment
Authors: Ostrander James D. , O'Connell Megan , Dolch Henry J.
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this video is to present a technique for open reduction and internal fixation of a displaced unstable medial epicondyle avulsion fracture.

Method:

A 13-year-old boy presented 2 days after injury at our institution after sustaining a medial epicondyle avulsion fracture with incarcerated fragment and posterolateral dislocation of the elbow after a fall off a fence. He described paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution and demonstrated slight weakness to intrinsic hand strength on examination. He was urgently reduced under sedation in the emergency department using the Roberts maneuver, a technique consisting of a valgus stress with forearm supination with finger and wrist extension that uses muscle forces to extract the fragment. Successful reduction of the ulna-humeral joint and extraction of the incarcerated medial epicondyle was demonstrated on CT. The patient was then taken in a nonurgent fashion to the operating room for open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced medial epicondyle fracture. Intraoperative examination after fixation demonstrated a congruent and stable elbow. A long-arm cast was then applied.

Results:

The video is 7-minute, 38-second duration in time and 461 MB in size.

Conclusions:

Although fixation of medial epicondyle avulsion fractures may be controversial, there are some indications for ORIF including incarcerated epicondylar fragment, suspected entrapment and dysfunction of the ulnar nerve, marked instability of the elbow, and open fracture. Presented in this video is a safe technique for ORIF of the displaced and unstable medial epicondyle avulsion fracture.

Video available at:
http://links.lww.com/JOT/A790
Anatomic, diagnostic and management challenges in paediatric pelvic injuries: a review
Authors: Wharton Rupert M.H. , Trowbridge Sam , Simpson Ashley , Sarraf Khaled M. , Jabbar Yaser
Published: July 2019

Pelvic injuries have an incidence of 1: 100 000 children per year in the UK, of which 10% are unstable. A literature review was conducted. Clinical examination alone in a stable patient precludes the need for imaging. Imaging options in the acute pelvic injury are critically reviewed. Where appropriate Judet views or limited exposure computed tomography scan remain of diagnostic benefit. Displacement greater than 1 cm should be reduced and held with an appropriate method. Closed reduction and external fixation for rotationally unstable fractures, and closed or open reduction with internal fixation of two columns should be considered for rotationally and vertically unstable fractures.
Novel 3-Dimensional Imaging Analysis of the Ryan Procedure for Inframammary Fold Elevation in the Reconstruction of the Revised Breast
Authors: Kraft Casey T. , Rendon Juan L. , Koutz Cynthia A. , Miller Michael J.
Published: July 2019

The inframammary fold (IMF) can be challenging to reconstruct after disruption during mastectomy or breast reconstruction. The Ryan procedure is a previously described technique with little long-term analysis. Our goal is to analyze the long-term results of the Ryan procedure using 3-dimensional (3D) technology, with the hypothesis that 3D measurements will provide quantitative outcomes that add to the qualitative assessment of the reconstruction. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive breast reconstruction patients by a single surgeon from January 1, 2012 to January 31, 2015 to identify patients who underwent the Ryan procedure. Previously obtained 3D photographs were then analyzed to compare breast base diameter, breast projection, and inter-IMF distance pre- and postoperatively. A survey was then given to 15 health professionals in our department to assess the IMF and symmetry pre- and postoperatively. Eight patients were eligible for inclusion. Four patients were unilateral reconstruction and 4 were bilateral. The Ryan procedure resulted in an inter-IMF discrepancy reduction of 39% and a breast projection increase of 18%. Average length of follow-up was 2.82 ± 0.75 years. One patient required a secondary IMF revision. The majority of survey respondents felt that the IMF and IMF symmetry were improved or stable postoperatively. The Ryan procedure seems to be a reliable and durable technique for IMF reconstruction with increased projection, decreased IMF discrepancy, and increased symmetry. Additionally, 3D imaging provides a useful approach in the assessment of breast reconstruction outcomes, adding quantitative outcomes measures to its evaluation.
A Completely Unique Branching Pattern of the Facial Artery
Authors: Nakamura Kanae , Umezawa Hiroki , Yokoshima Kazuhiko , Nakamizo Munenaga , Ogawa Rei
Published: July 2019

This case report describes a recent case where a patient with hypopharyngeal cancer underwent resection and reconstruction with a free jejunum flap and the surgeons found a rare variation in the branching pattern of the common carotid artery. Specifically, the left facial artery arose directly from the common carotid artery, whereas the left superior thyroid artery arose from the facial artery. This branching pattern has not been reported previously. Although this is a hitherto unique case, head and neck and reconstructive surgeons should be aware of the possibility that this branching pattern may be present because it could complicate the outcomes of both neck dissection and reconstruction by free tissue transfer.
Evaluation of Tissue-engineered Skin on Base of Human Amniotic Membrane for Wound Healing
Authors: John Samuel , Kesting Marco Rainer , Stoeckelhuber Mechthild , von Bomhard Achim
Published: July 2019

Background:

Human amniotic membranes (hAMs) have shown promising results in recent studies aimed at improving wound healing through several mechanisms. We wanted to investigate its properties as a scaffold by adding autologous cells to treat full-thickness skin defects and hypothesized that recultivated hAM would show an even improved wound healing by accelerating the epidermal closure of the wound.

Methods:

In an air–liquid cell culture, we cultivated autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts on the hAM until a mostly keratinized surface was achieved. These hAM, de-epithelialized hAM, native hAM with remaining allogenous cells, and negative controls were compared in the treatment of circular 30 × 30 mm2 full-thickness skin defects in 4 groups of 6 rats with one wound each. We evaluated the wound contraction every 10 days until wound closure, the macroscopic scar appearance on the Vancouver Scar Scale and the qualitative histological properties of the scar regarding morphology and continuity of the basement membrane.

Results:

Rats treated with de-epithelialized hAM showed more extent wound contraction (P < 0.001) than the other 3 groups, which did not differ significantly compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Vancouver Scar Scale showed no significantly statistical differences between the 4 groups (P = 0.46). The scar structure of all rats showed similar morphologies, the only difference being the absence of a basement membrane in the negative controls compared with the groups treated with hAM.

Conclusion:

The rats treated with hAM showed no improved wound healing but a tendency toward a more prominent basement membrane in the resulting scar.
Fat Grafting and Breast Augmentation: A Systematic Review of Primary Composite Augmentation
Authors: Salibian Ara A. , Frey Jordan D. , Bekisz Jonathan M. , Choi Mihye , Karp Nolan S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Fat grafting during primary breast augmentation has the ability to address the limitations of soft tissue coverage of breast implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current evidence on patient selection, surgical techniques, and assessment of outcomes with composite breast augmentation.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed for studies reporting on primary composite breast augmentation. Studies were analyzed for level of evidence, surgical techniques for implant placement and fat grafting, postoperative complications, and assessment of additional outcomes.

Results:

Five studies (4 case series and 1 retrospective cohort study) were identified for review with a pooled total of 382 patients. Implants were most commonly placed in the subfascial plane (156 patients, 54.1%) followed by dual-plane placement (51 patients, 17.6%). Round (220 patients, 57.6%) and textured (314 patients, 82.2%) implants were utilized in the majority of cases. The average amount of fat grafted among all 5 studies was 109.2 ml per breast (range 55–134 ml). The most common fat grafting location was in the subcutaneous plane and over the medial breast/cleavage (80% of studies). Overall complication rates were low. The pooled reoperation rate was 3.7% with repeat fat grafting as the most common reason for reoperation (9 cases, 2.4%).

Conclusions:

Primary composite breast augmentation is a safe procedure with a trend toward subfascial implant placement and low fat grafting volumes focused on the medial breast borders. Long-term studies with analysis of additional outcome measures including patient-reported outcomes will further bolster the current evidence.
Hypocalcemia in cancer patients: An exploratory study
Authors: Ferraz Gonçalves José António , Costa Telma , Rema Joana , Pinto Cristina , Magalhães Miguel , Esperança Ana , Sousa Luciana
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Calcium has several physiological functions and when it registers abnormal serum levels those functions may be impacted with potentially severe consequences. There is much research on hypercalcemia in cancer patients, but there are no recent studies on the prevalence of hypocalcemia in those patients. However, there has been an evolution in oncology, namely, new drugs that may directly or indirectly result in hypocalcemia. The primary aim was to explore the association of hypocalcemia with the diverse types of cancer. The secondary aim was to study the influence that hypocalcemia might have on survival.

Methods:

Review of the records of patients ≥18 years old, with total calcium <2.0 mmol/L measured in 2013 in a cancer center.

Results:

Eight hundred twenty-nine patients were included. Four hundred thirty-nine (53%) were male. The median age was 63 years. The most frequent cancer diagnoses were hematological 196 (24%) and colorectal 111 (13%). Six hundred thirty-eight patients had measured serum albumin, with a median of 25.5 g/L (14–47). When corrected for albumin level, calcium was in the normal range in 210 (33%) cases. The median survival of patients with corrected calcium lower than normal was 479 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 309–649) and that of patients with normal corrected calcium was 62 days (95% CI: 33–91), P < .001. In a multivariate analysis, age, primary cancer, and albumin were significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion:

Hypocalcemia is associated with several types of cancer. A low calcium level is not by itself a factor of a poor prognosis since other factors seem to be more important.
Understanding nurse practitioner scope of practice: Regulatory, practice, and employment perspectives now and for the future
Authors: Hudspeth Randall S. , Klein Tracy A.
Published: July 2019

The nurse practitioner (NP) role has existed for 50 years. During the past 10 years, a national effort to use NPs to the full extent of their education based on the 2008 Consensus Model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Regulation and the 2010 Institute of Medicine Report on the Future of Nursing continues to result in variable scopes of practice (SOP) between states. Subsequently, NPs have a lack of clarity on SOP because it relates to population foci and practice setting. Review and analysis of state-based statutes and rules with the current literature focused on NP SOP, including documents by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, was conducted. Clarification and understanding of SOP is essential for safe practice and optimum access to care. Inconsistent SOP regulation continues to exist between states, and NPs can be in employment situations that place them in a position to possibly breech their SOP. Although practice is not setting specific, NP licensure is based on NP education and certification that is competency based within population foci, and credentialing by employers should align with these parameters. Continuing to work toward a more common NP SOP between states and achievement of full practice authority means periodic reassessment of NP education and practice models. Practice mobility is essential for continued advancement of the NP profession and increased access to care by the public.
Answering the question: Is the Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Nursing Practice right for me?
Authors: Hartjes Tonja M. , Lester Donna , Arasi-Ruddock Lisa , McFadden Bradley Sharon , Munro Shannon , Cowan Linda
Published: July 2019

Over the past decade, leading health care organizations have recommended doubling the number of doctorally prepared nurses to meet the future demands of health care. In 2018, the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties committed to move all nurse practitioner degree programs to the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree by 2025. As more and more doctorally prepared nurses enter the workforce, other nurses are considering returning to school for a terminal degree. This column will review options for doctoral education in nursing and the strength, focus, and program requirements for PhD and DNP degrees.
Evaluation of PTEN and CD4+FOXP3+ T cell expressions as diagnostic and predictive factors in endometrial cancer
Authors: Xi Zeng , Jing Li , Le-Ni Kang , Zhu Lan , Ze-Wen Deng , Hui Ye , Ming-Rong Xi , Guang-Dong Liao
Published: July 2019

To evaluate the potential role of Pten and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in prognosis from endometrial cancer.

Tissue samples and clinical data were collected from 200 patients with endometrial cancer and 100 control patients with benign uterine diseases. The expressions of Pten and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. After surgery, all patients were followed up for an average of 56.3 months. Surgical effects were evaluated based on the patients’ symptoms and signs. A two-sided P value < .05 was considered significant.

Pten diminished and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells significantly accumulated with the progression of endometial cancer, in comparison to the controls. Moreover, Pten expression was negatively correlated with the count of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells. Pten and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells were correlated with clinical characteristics, including tumor stage, differentiation and associated with patients’ disease-free survival.

Limited data were available between the expressions of Pten and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in patients with endometrial cancer. Our study findings suggested that the expressions of Pten and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells might become possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction in endometrial cancer.
Evaluation of β-endorphin concentration, mood, and pain intensity in men with idiopathic hip osteoarthritis treated with variable magnetic field
Authors: Koczy Bogdan , Stołtny Tomasz , Pasek Jarosław , Leksowska–Pawliczek Maria , Czech Szymon , Ostałowska Alina , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Białkowska Monika , Cieślar Grzegorz
Published: July 2019

Osteoarthritis is the most frequently diagnosed disease of the musculoskeletal system. Growing number of patients waiting for surgical treatment and the possible negative consequences resulting from long-term pharmacological therapy lead to the search for non-pharmacological methods aimed at alleviating pain and reducing doses of analgesics, among them physical therapy with use of magnetic fields.

The study involved 30 men aged 49 to 76 (mean age, 61.7 years) treated for idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip joint. The subjects were divided into 2 groups (15 patients each) and underwent a cycle of magnetostimulation and magnetoledtherapy procedures, respectively. During the exposure cycle concentrations of β-endorphin were assessed 3 times and the mood was assessed 2 times. In addition, the assessment of pain intensity and the dose of analgesic drugs was performed before and after the end of therapy.

Statistically significant increase in plasma β-endorphins concentration was observed in both groups of patients (magnetostimulation—P < .01 vs magnetoledtherapy—P < .001). In the assessment of mood of respondents, no statistically significant differences were found. Significant reduction in intensity of perceived pain was observed in both groups of patients (P < .05). In the group of patients who underwent magnetoledtherapy cycle, the analgesic drug use was significantly lower by 13% (P < .05) as compared with initial values, which was not noted in group of patients who underwent magnetostimulation procedures.

The use of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of men with idiopathic osteoarthritis of hip joints causes a statistically significant increase in the concentration of plasma β-endorphins resulting in statistically significant analgesic effect in both magnetostimulation and magnetoledtherapy treated groups of patients, with accompanying decrease of need for analgetic drugs in magnetoledtherapy group, but without any significant changes regarding the patient's mood.
Analysis of the long non-coding RNA LINC01614 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Yan , Ling Chunhua
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was toexplore the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression pattern of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on a genome-wide scale and investigate their potential biological function in NSCLC.

LncRNAs were investigated in 6 pairs of NSCLC and matched adjacent non-tumor lung tissues (NTL) by microarray. A validation cohort was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the effect of LINC01614 on diagnosis and prognosis in NSCLC was analyzed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the potential molecular mechanism of LINC01614, one identified lncRNA.

A total of 1392 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. LINC01614 was the most aberrantly expressed lncRNA in NSCLC compared with NTL. We confirmed the significantly upregulated LINC01614 in NSCLC patients from TCGA database. Furthermore, in TCGA database, LINC01614 was significantly upregulated in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. And high expression of LINC01614 indicated poor overall survival of NSCLC patients. A sensitivity of 93% was calculated conditional on a high specificity of 95% for the discrimination of NSCLC tissues from normal tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of LINC01614 were associated with the stage of tumor, but had no relationship with age and sex. Additionally, GSEA found that LINC01614 might be involved in TGF-β-, P53-, IGF-IR-mediated, Wnt and RTK/Ras/MAPK signaling pathways.

lncRNAs may play key roles in the development of NSCLC. LINC01614 is the most aberrantly expressed lncRNA in NSCLC tissues in our experiment and is also significantly differentially expressed in NSCLC patients from TCGA database. LINC01614 could be a prognostic indicator and has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker of NSCLC.
The overall safety evaluation of programmed cell death/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) treatment for lung cancer patients
Authors: Shang Heli , Zhang Zewen , Feng Alei , Yang Xiaowei , Zhang Shuisheng , Zhao Yi , Zhu Qingshan , Mao Yantao , Liu Kun , Tian Yuan
Published: July 2019

Background:

We performed the meta-analysis to evaluate the overall safety of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor treatment for lung cancer patients.

Method:

Randomized controlled trials were collected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk ratio (RR) of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment-related death, treatment-related adverse events, any serious events, and any events leading to discontinuation were all taken into account for the final evaluation.

Results:

Fourteen studies were collected for the meta-analysis. The RR of treatment-related death for PD-1/PD-L1 was significantly lower than that of the control group (RR = 0.37, 95% confidence interval, CI: [0.21, 0.66]). Similar analysis results could also be seen for the RR of treatment-related adverse events and adverse events leading to discontinuation. When PD-1/PD-L1 was combined with chemotherapy, it increased the RR of adverse events leading to discontinuation (RR = 1.68, 95% CI: [1.22, 3.32]). The RR of overall treatment-related adverse events was lower in nivolumab (PD-1) than that of the control group (nivolumab + ipilimumab) (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: [0.65, 0.90]). Similar analysis results could also be seen in the RR of treatment-related adverse events for grade 3 to 5 and adverse events leading to discontinuation.

Conclusion:

Compared with chemotherapy, RR of the treatment-related deaths associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor was significantly lower than that of the chemotherapy group, while it did not increase the RR when they were combined with chemotherapy or other drugs. When PD-1/PD-L1 was combined with chemotherapy, it increased the RR of adverse events leading to discontinuation.
Comparison of tube feeding in stroke patients
Authors: Park Jung Wook , Park Ki Deok , Kim Tae Hee , Lee Jin Young , Lim Oh Kyung , Lee Ju Kang , Choi Cheol
Published: July 2019

Backgrounds:

Patients with central nervous system injuries present with dysphagia and may require non-oral feeding methods, like percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, nasogastric (NG) tube, or oroesophageal (OE) tube. The prevalence of pneumonia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is significantly higher than that in patients without GER. We aimed to determine the most appropriate tube feeding with low risk of GER by comparing the results of 24-hour pH monitoring studies in patients who were administered 2 types of feeding: NG tube and OE tube.

Methods:

In this pilot study, 6 stroke patients underwent 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring during NG tube feeding and OE tube feeding, sequentially. Parameters collected included acid exposure time, mean esophageal pH, number of reflux episode, time of bolus reflux for both total 24-hour pH study data and postprandial data, and deMeester composite score.

Results:

Total acid reflux time (minutes) decreased more with OE tube feeding than that with NG tube feeding in the total 24-hour pH study. The number of reflux episodes decreased in both total and postprandial data with OE tube feeding versus NG tube feeding (P < .05). There were no significant differences in mean esophageal pH and total time of bolus reflux between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

Although we could not definitively conclude that OE tube feeding decreased the severity of GER compared with NG tube feeding, there were significant differences in 4 out of 9 parameters. OE tube can be a substitute for NG tube in patients with dysphagia after stroke leading to GER disease.
An unusual case report of multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartoma
Authors: Cheng Dan , Zhang Fangcheng , Hu Ke
Published: July 2019

Rationale:

Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartoma (MPLH) is an extremely rare benign disease that mostly occurs in women of reproductive age.

Patient concerns:

A 32-year-old female patient recently diagnosed with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. She has the symptoms of dry cough, chest tightness, dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray identified multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules in the lung, and the diameter of the largest nodule was about 3.1 cm.

Diagnoses:

Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of MPLH based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining.

Interventions:

The patient presented with multiple well-defined nodular shadows in chest computed tomography (CT), atypical image and symptoms were detected. Positron emission tomography/CT scan showed mild fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lesions and no abnormal foci in any other parts of her body. She subsequently underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with wedge resection of the biggest one of the nodules. Then the patient given symptomatic treatment, without hormone, no further treatment was prescribed.

Outcomes:

The patient is in the good general condition and without obvious pulmonary symptoms after the follow-up of 1 year, chest CT scan showed no significant changes in the sizes and locations of her bilateral pulmonary nodules.

Lessons:

Due to its rare presentation, the primary MPLH may be undiagnosed. Awareness of main morphologic and immunohistochemical features of MPLH is critical for the recognition of this uncommon disease.
A novel homozygous deletion in ATP6V0A4 causes distal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Yuan Jinna , Huang Ke , Wu Wei , Zhang Li , Dong Guanping
Published: July 2019

Rationale:

Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare condition, most cases of which are caused by genetic mutations. Several loss-of-function mutations in the ATP6V0A4 gene have been recently reported.

Patient concerns:

A 2-month, 24-day-old Chinese girl presenting with vomiting and diarrhea.

Diagnosis:

dRTA was established by metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Mutational analysis of the ATP6V0A4 gene revealed a homozygous deletion of exons 13 and 14. The father was found to have a heterozygous loss of both exons, whereas the mother was normal.

Interventions:

Patient was treated with potassium citrate.

Outcomes:

The patient has shown normal pH and potassium levels.

Lessons:

This is the first case of a homozygous deletion in ATP6V0A4 reported in the literature. Although the initial auditory screening was normal in this case, this patient will nevertheless undergo long-term auditory testing.
Biomarkers for detecting prostate cancer
Authors: Jia Junhai , Sun Yue , Ren Jingjie , Li Muyang , Wang Jiancheng , Li Haiyang
Published: July 2019

Background:

Prostate cancer (PCa) is common, with it being the 2nd most prevalent cancer in men worldwide and the 6th leading cause of death in men. Screening for any type of cancer aims to increase the chances of successful treatment through early detection of the disease. There were some systematic reviews (SRs) evaluated the diagnostic value of biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa and no studies have been conducted to analyze the quality of these SRs. We are not clear which kind of marker is the best choice. Thus, this study aims to assess the methodologic quality of the SRs and reanalyze the published data based on SRs for the biomarkers to find the optimal biomarker for the early diagnosis of PCa.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and to identify relevant SRs from inception to April 2019. Diagnostic accuracy studies included any type of single biomarker or combined biomarkers aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value is considered eligible for this overview. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) instrument will be used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included SRs. Standard pairwise meta-analysis and adjusted indirect comparison will be used to compare the diagnostic value of different biomarkers.

Results:

The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:

This study will reanalyze the published data based on SRs. We hope that the results will help find a biomarker with the superior diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of PCa.

PROSPERO registration number:

CRD42019125880.
Lower limb vein thrombosis-induced pulmonary embolism and paradoxical multiple arterial embolisms
Authors: Huang Guang , Tang Yu , Wang Hailiang , Xiong Rong , Xu Ainan
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Paradoxical embolism (PDE) refers to direct passage of venous thrombi into the arterial circulation through an arteriovenous shunt. It is well-known that the pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can cause opening of the foramen ovale leading to paradoxical arterial embolism. Long term follow up of PDE patient over 10 years was not reported in the literature.

Patient concerns:

A 57-year-old woman presented with initial symptoms of numbness/weakness and hypoxemia. Ultrasonography and pulmonary arteriography indicated pulmonary thromboembolism.

Diagnosis:

Pulmonary embolism and paradoxical multiple arterial embolism or acute PTE concomitant with paradoxical multiple arterial embolism.

Interventions:

Craniectomy and anticoagulation treatment was administered and the patient received low-dose warfarin therapy for 10 years.

Outcomes:

The patient is currently stable with no abnormalities seen in the deep veins of the bilateral lower limbs. The international normalized ratio (INR) was controlled within the range of 1.20 to 1.51. As this is a 10-year follow-up case report, the patient has responded well to the treatment and has been followed-up. The follow-up has been annual and the patient has been stable

Conclusion:

Low intensity and persistent anticoagulation therapy can inhibit blood thrombophilia and reduce the risk of bleeding. It is noteworthy that such an approach used effectively in this patient. To best our knowledge, it is first report for long term follow up PDE patient successfully over 10 years.
A comparison of intravascular and surface cooling devices for targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Jun Gwang Soo , Kim Jae Guk , Choi Hyun Young , Kang Gu Hyun , Kim Wonhee , Jang Yong Soo , Kim Hyun Tae
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to compare prognostic difference between intravascular cooling devices (ICDs) and surface cooling devices (SCDs) in targeted temperature management (TTM) recipients.

Adult TTM recipients using ICD or SCD during 2012 to 2016 were included in this nationwide observational study. The outcome was survival to hospital discharge and good neurological outcome at hospital discharge.

Among 142,905 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, 1159 patients (SCD, n = 998; ICD, n = 161) were investigated. After propensity score matching for all patients, 161 matched pairs of patients were available for analysis (SCD, n = 161; ICD, n = 161). We observed no significant differences in the survival to hospital discharge (SCD, n = 144 [89.4%] vs ICD, n = 150 [93.2%], P = .32) and the good neurological outcomes (SCD, n = 86 [53.4%] vs ICD, n = 91 [56.5%], P = .65). TTM recipients were categorized by age groups (elderly [age >65 years] vs nonelderly [age ≤65 years]) to compare prognostic difference between ICD and SCD according to the age groups. In the nonelderly group, the use of ICD or SCD was not a significant factor for survival to hospital discharge or good neurologic outcome. Whereas, the use of ICD was significantly associated with good neurological outcome (odds ratio, 3.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 – 13.23, P = .02) compared with SCD in the elderly group.

There were no significant differences in the survival to hospital discharge and the good neurological outcomes between SCD and ICD recipients. However, the use of ICD might be more beneficial than SCD in elderly patients.
Acupuncture for hearing loss after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Wei-feng , Yang Lin-hong , Yu Hai-jiang , Zhang Shu-hong , Xiao Jian-qi
Published: July 2019

Background:

This study aims to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on hearing loss (HL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods:

In this study, the following databases will be retrieved from inception up to the May 1, 2019: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All databases will be retrieved without any language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently carry out article selection, data collection, and risk of bias evaluation. Any disagreements will be solved by a third reviewer through discussion.

Results:

This study will systematically investigate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating HL after TBI through evaluating HL assessment, hearing threshold, quality of life, and adverse events.

Conclusion:

The expected findings of this study will provide latest evidence for assessing the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for HL after TBI.

Ethics and dissemination:

This study is supposed to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. No ethical approval is needed because this study will based on the literature analysis, but not the individual patient.

PROSPERO registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42019133417.
Clinical outcomes after colchicine overdose
Authors: Fu Mingjie , Zhao Jie , Li Zhitao , Zhao He , Lu Anwei
Published: July 2019

Rationale:

Colchicine can inhibit cell division and intracellular transport in affected organs by fixing intracellular tubulin and preventing its polymerization into microtubules. A lethal dose of colchicine is considered to be 0.8 mg/kg. The wide distribution of colchicine through 70% of the body following an overdose makes it difficult to eliminate.

Patient concerns:

A 56-year-old man with a clear history of colchicine overdose was admitted to our hospital nearly 40 hours after taking 12 mg (0.17 mg/kg) of colchicine. He had a history of gout and chronic kidney disease. As the disease progressed, he showed most of the clinical manifestations and pathological features of colchicine overdose.

Diagnoses and interventions:

Colchicine overdose was clear, with symptoms of multiple organ failure including primary gastrointestinal failure, bone marrow hematopoietic inhibition, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac damage, hepatocyte damage. The patient developed secondary septic shock, renal failure, circulatory failure, and respiratory failure. We performed continuous renal replacement therapy and gastric lavage, and administered norepinephrine, frozen plasma, proton-pump inhibitors, adenosylmethionine, antibiotics, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and total parenteral nutrition.

Outcomes:

The patient rapidly developed complete hematopoietic function inhibition, gastrointestinal failure, and cardiac damage 32 hours after admission. Sustained severe infection and circulatory instability caused a progressive deterioration of respiratory function. Tracheal intubation was performed but the patient continued to deteriorate, and death occurred approximately 132 hours after admission.

Lessons:

Excessive colchicine levels cause continuous organ damage due to extensive tissue distribution, eventually leading to multiple organ failure. Colchicine metabolism is delayed in patients with liver or kidney dysfunction, and even a low dose of colchicine may result in poisoning in these individuals. Early diagnosis and reduction of colchicine levels is critical to improve prognosis, and colchicine poisoning should be considered in patients with poor liver or kidney function even when the ingested dose is low.