bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap?
Authors: Wood Adam
Published: August 2015

Most contemporary interpreters of Aquinas have assumed that Thomas subscribed to a “non-repeatability principle” such that created entities, once destroyed entirely, cannot be “brought back" into existence, even by God's power. Souls persisting in the interim between death and resurrection thus play an essential identity-preserving role between our death and rising again. No separated souls, no resurrection. Two of Aquinas’s best medieval interpreters, however, reject this interpretation. Leaning largely on one of Aquinas’s late quodlibetal questions, they deny that Thomas held any non-repeatability principle strong enough to bar God’s resurrecting us even from complete destruction, souls and all. Here the chapter argues that careful analysis of the quodlibet and other texts largely vindicates the contemporary interpretation. It does so in a surprising way, however, since it turns out Aquinas’s non-repeatability principle applies only to corruptible, material entities like us, and not to incorruptible entities like angels. The reason Aquinas held this view, the chapter argues, is rooted in his theory of individuation.
Teaching Stravinsky
Authors: Francis Kimberly A.
Published: August 2015

It was her love of music—especially Stravinsky’s music—that drew them together. This book tells the story of the ever-changing nature of Boulanger and Stravinsky’s relationship from Boulanger’s perspective, tracing their interactions from 1931 to 1971. Throughout, it asks how Boulanger’s professional activity during the turbulent twentieth century intersected with her efforts on behalf of Stravinsky and how this facilitated her own influential conversations with the composer about his works while also drawing her into close contact with his family. This narrative draws upon the work of Pierre Bourdieu and his notion of cultural capital as a means of interrogating how Boulanger played a foundational role in defining, defending, and consecrating Stravinsky’s canonical identity. Linking the metaphor of cultural capital with the work of feminist musicologists, this text calls for a reevaluation of the influence of women on cultural production during the twentieth century, particularly the power of those imbedded within scholarly institutions to validate individuals after 1920. Thus, this book is both a story of one woman’s vibrant friendship with Igor Stravinsky and a case study in how gendered polemics informed professional negotiations of the artistic-political fields of the twentieth century. Ultimately, these materials are brought together to address these questions: How did Boulanger teach both Igor and Soulima Stravinsky; how did she teach Stravinsky’s music, and how, in doing this, did she influence the course of modernism?
Master Copy
Authors: Francis Kimberly A.
Published: August 2015

Boulanger became involved with the editorial revision of the piano-vocal reduction of the Symphonie de psaumes in the summer of 1931, a reduction originally prepared by Stravinsky’s son, Soulima. Boulanger used her access to the score to reinforce her interpretation of Stravinsky’s music and also share with him her analytical acumen. Turning to documents produced in the 1960s by Soulima Stravinsky, this chapter considers the nature of Boulanger’s involvement with the Symphonie score and Stravinsky’s motivations for involving Boulanger in a collaborative role. Finally, this chapter engages with a Boulanger-Stravinsky analysis of the first movement of the symphony and suggests that the notion of octatonicism arises in part from Stravinsky’s work with Boulanger from 1931 to 1932.
Mediating Serialism
Authors: Francis Kimberly A.
Published: August 2015

Though far from Stravinsky after 1954, Boulanger still found a way to engage with his serial music. This section traces the disparate pieces of evidence and argues for a new appreciation for Boulanger’s breadth and depth of knowledge concerning serialist techniques, including Stravinsky’s use of them. This chapter reconstructs Boulanger’s public negotiation of Stravinsky’s works by turning to the syllabi for her Wednesday afternoon classes, considering correspondence with third parties, and reconstructing events surrounding a failed Stravinsky commission for the Princess de Polignac in 1964. To explore Boulanger’s analytical acumen, this the chapter examines the evidence surrounding Stravinsky’s Threni and the Canticum Sacrum and reviews the contradictory public and private evidence held by Boulanger concerning Stravinsky’s late music.
Conclusion
Authors: Francis Kimberly A.
Published: August 2015

Drawing materials together, the conclusion argues for a reassessment of Boulanger’s influence on the music of Igor Stravinsky; the role her teachings played in the development of the discipline of music theory after 1950, especially concerning Stravinsky’s music; and most importantly her centrality to the propagation of a certain canonical branding of Stravinsky-as-modernist. The conclusion argues for a reconsideration of Boulanger’s legacy and, on a broader level, the centrality of pedagogy to the establishment of the modernist canon. This section shows that typical historiographical paradigms employed by musicologists are incomplete, particularly those centered on “the composer” to the detriment of all other cultural agents involved.
The (Un)Familiar in the Heart of the Family
Authors: Rajendran Aneeta
Published: August 2015

This chapter studies the figure of the femme woman-identified-woman within heteropatriarchy, invisibilized in discourses that privilege visible “out” homosexual identities. Eroticized mother–daughter dyads such as in Shani Mootoo’s stories; sister–sister dyads such as in Chitra Divakaruni’s, Kamala Das’s and Uma Parameswaran’s stories implode the fiction that femininity and female sexuality within the home are available only to heterosexuality. The femme subject’s confinement to the space of the home allows her to better de/construct the assumed heteronormativity of family. Female cultural reproductive labour is further examined in Manju Kapur’s Kunstlerroman A Married Woman to study how heteronormativities shape private and public spheres alike. This chapter shows how female reproductive work, both in biological and cultural terms, counters heteropatriarchies when however ephemerally it creates ‘chosen’ families that queer hetero- and homo-normative ideas of what it means to be lesbian or bisexual or queer.
Where do Chinesewh-items fit?
Authors: Chierchia Gennaro , Liao Hsiu-Chen Daphne
Published: August 2015

This chapter investigates wh-items in Mandarin from a cross-linguistic perspective, seeking to unify their various uses. It stems from: (i) previous approaches to indefinites in Chinese (Cheng 1991; Lin 1998); (ii) Kartunnen’s semantics for questions; (iii) recent work on epistemic indefinites (EIs); and (iv) recent approaches to polarity (e.g. Chierchia 2013). The chapter claims that indefinites in all languages denote existential terms and activate a grammatically determined set of alternatives, factored into meaning through a process of ‘exhaustification’, responsible for the scalar and ‘free choice’ readings of ordinary indefinites (OIs). EIs are viewed in the same way, the only difference from OIs being that EIs’ alternatives cannot be ‘pruned’ (i.e. ‘ignored’) depending on the context. Therefore, with EIs, epistemic effects come about obligatorily. The differences within types of EIs (including Chinese wh’s) are part of (a small set of) parametric differences on how alternatives can be factored in.
Romanian epistemic indefinites
Authors: Fălăuş Anamaria
Published: August 2015

This chapter examines the distribution and interpretation of the Romanian epistemic indefinites vreun and un NP oarecare. The two items are shown to differ with respect to the way in which they interact with modal and downward entailing operators. One major distinction concerns the type of inference they give rise to in the scope of a modal operator: un NP oarecare requires that all relevant alternatives in the domain of quantification qualify as equally possible options (total variation), unlike vreun, which blocks this inference, requiring variation to be partial. They also behave differently in downward entailing contexts: whereas vreun is interpreted as a narrow scope existential under a downward entailing operator, this option is not available for un oarecare, which only becomes acceptable under a ‘not just any’ reading.
Sinhala epistemic indefinites with a certainje ne sais quoi
Authors: Slade Benjamin
Published: August 2015

This chapter focuses on the examination of the properties of epistemic indefinites in Sinhala, with comparison to other languages, including English and Hindi. In particular, attention is placed on the determination of the felicity conditions for the two morphologically- and pragmatically-distinct Sinhala epistemic indefinites: WH+dә and WH+hari, with a concentration on the (un)availability of identification methods associated with particular epistemic indefinites. Also examined are English some NP and some NP or other, which likewise differ in their felicity conditions. The analysis of the Sinhala data is complicated by the appearance of the Q-particles dә and hari in other syntactic constructions (questions, disjunctions). The variety of morphosyntactic devices presented cross-linguistically (e.g. Q-particles, determiners, reduplication) raises the question of whether a unified semantic approach to epistemic indefinites is feasible.
Certain properties of certain indefinites: An experimental perspective
Authors: Ionin Tania
Published: August 2015

This chapter revisits the status of long-distance intermediate-scope readings of indefinites (Kratzer 1998; Schwarz 2001; Endriss 2009; among others). An experimental study with native English speakers investigates two questions: whether intermediate-scope readings are distinct from functional readings; and whether there is any difference in the availability of functional readings to ‘a’ indefinites vs. to ‘a certain’ indefinites. The findings indicate that intermediate-scope readings are equally available in contexts that set up a functional relationship and in contexts that do not set up such a relationship. At the same time, intermediate-scope readings are found to be more readily available to ‘a certain’ indefinites than to ‘a’ indefinites. Implications of these findings for claims about the status of functional and intermediate-scope readings (Schwarz 2001; Endriss 2009) are discussed; the findings point to the methodological difficulty of setting up contexts that tease apart functional and non-functional readings of indefinites.
Modified numerals: The epistemic effect
Authors: Nouwen Rick
Published: August 2015

There is a striking resemblance between the puzzles that are centre stage in the literature on epistemic indefinites and those that are the prime focus of studies on modified numerals. This chapter explores some of the theoretical options from both these bodies of work to find out how well they account for the epistemic and modal variation effects that have been observed with modified numerals. Taking inspiration from the literature on epistemic indefinites, in particular from the idea of implicatures arising from domain widening, this chapter provides some suggestions on how to make such analyses less stipulative. However, it also points out that the empirical coverage for all the options discussed is still limited.
Indifference and scalar inferences in free relatives
Authors: Rawlins Kyle
Published: August 2015

Free relatives marked with -ever can contribute both ignorance and ‘indifference’ implications, and sorting these out has been perhaps the largest project in the semantics of free relatives. This chapter presents new data and arguments that substantially constrain the problem of indifference. It argues that indifference implications in this domain are ‘teleological’, i.e. are goal-oriented modal inferences; and second, that indifference implications appear in descriptions much more broadly than has been suggested, and that they are triggered by overt scalar particles such as ‘simply’. The chapter provides an account of these scalar particles that derives indifference implications, and argues that an account of indifference and by extension ignorance in free relatives must not localize the solution to just -ever. Rather, we must account for the interaction of -ever marked DPs with the grammar of scalar inferences, in the spirit of work by Chierchia and by Condoravdi (this volume).
Lattice Models of Linear and Ring Polymers
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

In Chapter 1 the self-avoiding walk connective constant, growth constant and subadditivity are introduced. Concatenation and the supermultiplicativity of lattice polygons are discussed. Scaling, critical exponents and the Flory theory of self-avoiding walks, as well as scaling and hyperscaling relations for self-avoiding walks, are reviewed. Walk and polygon generating functions are presented and tadpoles, thetas, figure eights and dumbbells are discussed. Lattice knots and Flory theory for lattice knots are covered in the final part of the chapter.
Lattice models of branched polymers
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

In Chapter 2 the supermultiplicativity of lattice trees and lattice animals are reviewed. Scaling, critical exponents and the Flory theory for models of branched polymers are discussed, as are tree and animal generating functions. Scaling of uniform networks and stars are also discussed. The chapter touches on the critical exponents in two dimensions for stars and uniform networks by conformal invariance. Finally, the Edwards model, and walk and star exponents by direct renormalisation are covered.
Convex lattice vesicles and directed animals
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

Chapter 6 covers partition and stack polygons and their scaling. Solutions of the staircase vesicle and convex polygons are reviewed, as well as the solutions of bargraph and column convex vesicles. In addition, the chapter provides the solution of directed animals by using heaps of dimers. Finally, the collapse and adsorption transition in models of directed animals is evaluated.
Adsorbing Walks in The Hexagonal Lattice
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

Chapter 10 provides an overview of walks and half-space walks in the hexagonal lattice. The generating function of models of walks in finite domains in the hexagonal lattice is discussed. In addition, the exact value of the growth constant of self-avoiding walks in the hexagonal lattice is determined. Adsorbing walks in the hexagonal lattice and the location of the critical point of adsorbing positive walks are also examined.
Interacting Models of Animals, Trees and Networks
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

Chapter 11 provides an overview of the pattern theorem for lattice animals. The cycle and contact models of collapsing lattice animals are reviewed. Adsorbing lattice trees and the adsorption transition of percolation clusters are discussed. This chapter also provides information on the embeddings of abstract graphs and networks in the hypercubic lattice. The pattern theorem for networks is examined, as are knotted embeddings of networks. The chapter also covers the adsorption transitions in networks.
Monte Carlo Methods for The Self-Avoiding Walk
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse
Published: August 2015

Chapter 13 reviews dynamic Monte Carlo algorithms and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Umbrella sampling and multiple Markov chain implementations of dynamic Monte Carlo algorithms are discussed, and an analysis of variance of data in Monte Carlo algorithms is provided. The Beretti-Sokal algorithm, the BFACF algorithm and the pivot algorithm are described, as well as kinetic sampling and the Rosenbluth algorithm. The scanning method implementation of the Rosenbluth algorithm is also reviewed, as are the PERM algorithm and flat histogram simulations are also covered. Finally, implementations of the GARM and GAS algorithms for walks are discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei
Published: August 2015

Relativity can be stated as a “symmetry in physics”—physics equations being unchanged under some transformation. Special relativity is the symmetry with respect to transformations among inertial coordinate frames, and general relativity symmetry among more general frames, including accelerating systems. Physics equations in tensor form are automatically relativistic. Newtonian mechanics is covariant under Galilean transformation among inertial frames; Maxwell’s equations are not. The apparent contradiction between Galilean relativity and constant light speed suggested to nineteenth-century physicists that the solution to this problem is the existence of an ether medium for light propagation. Einstein’s solution involved a new conception of time. This new kinematics led to a completely new interpretation of the Lorentz transformation. The equivalence principle (between the physics due to acceleration and to gravity) played an important role in Einstein’s exploration of the path from special to general relativity, which is a geometric mechanics of gravitation.
Special Relativity: The New Kinematics
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei
Published: August 2015

Special relativity is based on the principles of relativity and constancy of the speed of light. The apparent contradiction between these two postulates was resolved by Einstein with his realization that simultaneity, hence the measurement of time, is coordinate-dependent. This new kinematics immediately leads to the derivation of the Lorentz transformation. Physical consequences follow immediately. A moving clock appears to run slow (“time dilation”); a moving object appears to contract (“length contraction”). The electromagnetic fields also transform into each other when observed in different frames. Just as light speed is absolute in relativity c′=c, so is a particular combination of space and time in an invariant interval: s′=s, where s2≡x2+y2+z2−c2t2. Two counterintuitive puzzles (the twin paradox and the barn-and-pole paradox) are presented to shed light on time dilation, length contraction, reciprocity of relativity, and relativity of event order.
General Relativity as a Geometric Theory of Gravity
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei
Published: August 2015

The mathematics of a curved manifold is Riemannian geometry. This chapter first presents some basic elements of Gaussian coordinates and the metric tensor. From the requirement that a curve have the shortest length, the calculus of variations is used to deduce the geodesic equation. A geometric description of the equivalence-principle-based physics of gravitational time dilation is presented. Einstein’s motivation for considering curved spacetime as a gravitational field is then discussed. In this geometric theory, the metric plays the role of the relativistic gravitational potential. The interpretation of curved spacetime as a gravitational field naturally suggests that the geodesic equation in spacetime is the general relativity equation of motion, which reduces to the Newtonian equation of motion in the limit of a nonrelativistic moving particle in a static and weak gravitational field. The gravitational redshift effect is shown to follow directly from a curved spacetime (with curvature in the time direction).
Big Bang Thermal Relics
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei
Published: August 2015

The universe began hot and dense (the big bang), and then expanded and cooled. (The different thermal stages are summarized in a chronological table in this chapter.) Such a cosmic history leaves behind decoupled particles as its thermal relics: light nuclei, cosmic neutrinos, and photons. The observed abundance of the light-nuclear elements (helium, deuterium, etc.) matches well with their being the product of big bang nucleosynthesis about 100 seconds after the big bang. When the universe was about four hundred thousand years old, photons decoupled, and they remain today as the primordial light, having a blackbody spectrum with temperature 2.725 K. The anisotropy of this cosmic microwave background contains much information about the geometry and matter/energy content of the universe, as well as the initial density perturbations out of which grew the cosmic structures we see today.
Therapy Online: A Web-Based Video Support Group for Family Caregivers of Survivors With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Damianakis Thecla , Tough Alicia , Marziali Elsa , Dawson Deirdre R.
Published: August 2015

Objective:

This innovative descriptive study explores the benefits of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregiver support group intervention provided using videoconferencing within a password protected Web-based platform.

Methods:

Ten caregivers of family members with TBI were registered to a password-protected Web site (Caring for Others) that provided information about caring for a person with TBI and access to a videoconferencing support group intervention program. Where needed, caregivers were provided with computer equipment, Internet access, and training to negotiate the Web site links. Two groups of 5 caregivers of survivors of TBI participated (average age of survivor—20 years, average time since injury—4.6 years) and met online with a trained clinician weekly for 10 sessions. Using directed content analysis, transcripts of each session were coded with NVivo software.

Results:

The content analysis reported group process themes, therapeutic interventions used, caregiver outcomes, and the challenges for clinicians delivering a therapeutic intervention online.

Conclusions:

Traumatic brain injury caregivers shared similar concerns and problem-solving strategies for managing caregiving tasks. Overall, participants found the sessions helpful for managing the emotional impact of caring for a family member with TBI.
The Community Balance and Mobility Scale: A Pilot Study Detecting Impairments in Military Service Members With Comorbid Mild TBI and Psychological Health Conditions
Authors: Pape Marcy M. , Williams Kathy , Kodosky Paula N. , Dretsch Michael
Published: August 2015

Objective:

To compare the capacity of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) to identify balance and mobility deficits in Service Members (SMs) with mild traumatic brain injury and comorbid psychological health conditions (mTBI/PH) to other commonly used balance assessments.

Setting:

A clinical research institute that provides a 4-week, outpatient, interdisciplinary program for active-duty SMs with mTBI/PH.

Design:

A nonrandomized, cross-sectional design that compared multiple measures between 2 groups—active duty SMs with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) the dual diagnosis of mTBI/PH.

Main Measures:

Gait speed, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), and CB&M to assess functional balance among the community-dwelling, TBI population.

Results:

Across all measures, the mTBI/PH group performed significantly worse (P ≤ .01) with the exception of the FGA. The abilities of all objective measures to distinguish participants with mTBI/PH from healthy controls ranged from fair to excellent (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.66-0.94). However, the CB&M showed the largest group differences in effect size (d = 2.6) and had the highest discriminate ability (AUC = 0.98; sensitivity 100%; specificity 88%).

Conclusion:

The CB&M appears to have higher sensitivity and specificity than other measures of balance in SMs with mTBI/PH. A higher cut score for the CB&M is needed for this population.
Differences in the Prediction of Area Under the Curve for a Protease Inhibitor Using Trough Versus Peak Concentration: Assessment Using Published Pharmacokinetic Data for Indinavir
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R.
Published: August 2015

In the present day antiretroviral therapy, Ctrough is a key tool for efficacy assessment. The present work explored the feasibility of using Ctrough or Cmax in the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) prediction of indinavir. A simple unweighted linear regression model was developed to describe the relationship between Cmax versus AUC (r = 0.8101, P < 0.001) and Ctrough versus AUC (r = 0.8127, P < 0.001) for indinavir. The regression lines were used to predict the AUC values from literature Cmax or Ctrough data of indinavir in HIV and healthy subjects. The fold difference, defined as the quotient of the observed and predicted AUC values, was evaluated along with statistical comparison, including root mean square error (RMSE) prediction for the 2 models. The correlation between Cmax versus AUC and Ctrough versus AUC was established. Majority of the predicted values for Cmax versus AUC were within 0.75- to 1.5-fold differences. However, the Ctrough versus AUC model showed larger variability with approximately one-third of the predictions within 0.75- to 1.5-fold differences. The r value and %RMSE for observed versus predicted AUC for Ctrough (r = 0.5925, n = 65, P < 0.001, and RMSE: 67%) were inferior to the Cmax (r = 0.8773, n = 86, P < 0.001, and RMSE: 46%). In conclusion, Cmax versus AUC and Ctrough versus AUC relationships were established for indinavir showing the utility of a single concentration time point for therapeutic drug monitoring purpose. The Cmax model for indinavir may be more relevant for AUC prediction as determined by the statistical criteria.
Successful Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis in the Setting of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Using Rituximab
Authors: Hill Frank , Yonkof Jennifer , Chaitanya Arudra Sri K. , Thomas Jean , Altorok Nezam
Published: August 2015

Autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia have a high reported prevalence in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We describe the case of a 36-year-old Hispanic man with CVID treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, who developed antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis 15 years after immunodeficiency diagnosis. After failing first-line immunosuppressive therapy, the patient was successfully treated with rituximab. Although autoimmunity in the setting of CVID is well documented, this is the first report to describe a case of ANCA-associated vasculitis associated with CVID. Moreover, we report effective and safe use of rituximab in a patient with primary immunodeficiency.
Muricauda pacifica sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the South Pacific Gyre
Authors: Zhang Zenghu , Gao Xin , Qiao Yanlu , Wang Yanan , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: August 2015

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium with appendages, designated strain SW027T, was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (26° 29′ S 137° 56′ W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SW027T shared the highest sequence similarity with members of the genus Muricauda (94.3–92.7 %), exhibiting 94.3 % sequence similarity to Muricauda flavescens SW-62T. Optimal growth occurred in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0 and at 37 °C. The DNA G+C content of strain SW027T was 42.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. Enzymic activity profiles, cell morphology and DNA G+C content differentiated the novel bacterium from the most closely related members of the genus Muricauda. On the basis of the polyphasic analyses, strain SW027T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Muricauda, for which the name Muricauda pacifica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW027T ( = JCM 17861T = LMG 26637T).
Small RNA Derived from the Virulence Modulating Region of the Potato spindle tuber viroid Silences callose synthase Genes of Tomato Plants
Authors: Adkar-Purushothama Charith Raj , Brosseau Chantal , Giguère Tamara , Sano Teruo , Moffett Peter , Perreault Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2015

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) callose synthase genes CalS11-like and CalS12-like encode proteins that are essential for the formation of callose, a major component of pollen mother cell walls; these enzymes also function in callose formation during pathogen infection. This article describes the targeting of these callose synthase mRNAs by a small RNA derived from the virulence modulating region of two Potato spindle tuber viroid variants. More specifically, viroid infection of tomato plants resulted in the suppression of the target mRNAs up to 1.5-fold, depending on the viroid variant used and the gene targeted. The targeting of these mRNAs by RNA silencing was validated by artificial microRNA experiments in a transient expression system and by RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Viroid mutants incapable of targeting callose synthase mRNAs failed to induce typical infection phenotypes, whereas a chimeric viroid obtained by swapping the virulence modulating regions of a mild and a severe variant of Potato spindle tuber viroid greatly affected the accumulation of viroids and the severity of disease symptoms. These data provide evidence of the silencing of multiple genes by a single small RNA derived from a viroid.
The past as more than prologue: a call for historical research
Authors: Horsford Sonya Douglass , D'Amico Diana
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to argue that historical research methods offer an innovative and powerful way to examine, frame, explain, and disrupt the study of contemporary issues in educational leadership. More specifically, the authors examine how historical methodology might recast some of the questions educational leadership researchers presently engage and how the act of “doing history” might simultaneously lead to new research agendas and social change.

Design/methodology/approach

– This conceptual paper provides a discussion of the explanatory and disruptive power of historical research methods and how intentional ignorance of uncomfortable historical realities, such as racist institutional structures and practices, undermines present-day efforts to advance equity in schools. Using the mainstream achievement gap narrative as an example, the authors consider the ways in which historical scholarship can effectively disrupt current conceptions of educational inequality and opportunity in the USA.

Findings

– The paper suggests researchers close the “history gap” by engaging historical research methods in ways that better ground, contextualize, and disrupt the often ahistorical and uncritical ways the field frames present-day challenges like the achievement gap.

Originality/value

– This paper explores the explanatory and disruptive power of historical research as a mode of inquiry in education leadership.
The challenges to and the need for international research in educational leadership
Authors: Brooks Melanie Carol , Jean-Marie Gaetane
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is twofold: to discuss methodological challenges facing US scholars when conducting international research; and to present personal reflections as educational leadership faculty in the USA conducting and publishing on research undertaken in Haiti and Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study drew from educational leadership literature and personal experiences to identify methodological challenges to conducting and publishing international research in the field of educational leadership.

Findings

– The methodological challenges facing international research – language, data, publication, and career incentives – should not be reasons to hinder scholars from conducting research in international contexts. Allowing methodological deterrents to impede international research limits US scholar engagement in global conversations and places the field of educational leadership in the USA at risk of a parochial and myopic future.

Originality/value

– This paper explores the methodological reasons as to why US scholars are not engaging in international research and provides two vignettes of faculty research in international contexts. This discussion is valuable for faculty interested in or presently conducting research beyond US borders.
Explicating metatheory for mixed methods research in educational leadership
Authors: Whiteman Rodney S
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– Mixed methods research can provide a fruitful line of inquiry for educational leadership, program evaluation, and policy analysis; however, mixed methods research requires a metatheory that allows for mixing what have traditionally been considered incompatible qualitative and quantitative inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to apply Jürgen Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action as that metatheoretical justification.

Design/methodology/approach

– After reviewing the traditional quantitative/qualitative divide based on incompatible ontologies, the author argues for a pragmatist stance toward educational leadership inquiry. Such a stance allows for mixing methods because it privileges methodology and epistemology in social inquiry, rather than ontological theories of reality. Using Habermas’s metatheory, the author shows how truth claims are linguistically mediated; how they make reference to objective, subjective, and normative formal worlds; and how they are always fallible and revisable.

Findings

– The author argues that Habermas’s metatheory allows (and requires) integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches to fully understand social phenomena. Such integration is possible if researchers attempt to make methodological decisions explicit by linking methodology (and thus methodical decisions) to all three formal worlds, and articulating the rationale for doing so. The author also argues that making the entire corpus of claims bound within a line of social inquiry subject to critical examination promotes the validity of inquiry.

Originality/value

– This paper contributes to the discussion on mixed methods research by applying a particular strand of pragmatism. This is an advance in the extant literature, which argues for a pragmatist stance on mixed methods research, but has not yet conceptualized a metatheoretical position supporting this stance.
Dynamics in a distribution triad – a case study
Authors: Pardo Catherine , Michel Sophie
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to deal with business-to-business distribution, with a strong focus on the relationships developed by a distributor with its customers and its producers.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is based on an in-depth analysis of a wholesaler specialized in fresh fruit and vegetable distribution. Data were gathered on the basis of 18 in-depth interviews. An additional important work of second-order data analysis was also conducted (sector analyses; statistics; companies’ Web sites).

Findings

– This paper qualifies the different stages a wholesaler goes through in the relationships with its suppliers on the one side and its customers on the other. This work also identifies the nature of the impact of one type of relationship (wholesalers/producers) on the other (wholesalers/customers).

Research limitations/implications

–

Practical implications

The findings allow distribution firms to view distribution channels as places where they can have some latitude to find new positions other than the ones imposed by producers.

Originality/value

– This research uses different concepts connected with triadic settings (dynamics, triggers and interconnectedness) and integrates them to provide a new perspective on how a business-to-business distributor can take a position in a distribution channel.
Ethical climate and job satisfaction among organizational buyers: an empirical study
Authors: Anaza Nwamaka A. , Rutherford Brian , Rollins Minna , Nickell David
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ethical climate and facets of job satisfaction among organizational buyers.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research is an empirical study. Data are collected from the industrial buyers using online panel. The INDSALES scale, the scale developed to measure job satisfaction of boundary spanners, was used to measure the job satisfaction. Partial least squares, a components-based structural equation modeling approach, was employed to conduct data analysis.

Findings

– The key finding was that buyer’s organizational policy mediates the relationship between buyers’ perception of ethical climate and buyers’ satisfaction with pay and promotion as well as satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors. The findings also show that work satisfaction can be achieved at different levels based on particular components associated to the work environment.

Practical implications

– The role of ethical climate in this study offers insights into managers who constantly observe lower levels of job satisfaction among their buying team. Given that companies specify rules and regulations as a way to standardize employee behaviors and prevent unethical practices, managers must ensure that such codes specifically address issue pertaining to compensation, supervision and promotion.

Originality/value

– Most of the previous studies in the business-to-business boundary spanning literature address ethical climate primarily from the salesperson’s perspective. Ethical issues relating to organizational buyers in business-to-business setting has largely gone underexplored. This research is one of the few studies that focus on industrial buyers and ethical issues.
Relational development of a service concept: dialogue meets efficiency
Authors: Ylimäki Juho , Vesalainen Jukka
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to build a generic model for relational development of a value proposition for a service concept. The study seeks to answer two questions: First, what kind of process is practical for joint development of a service concept in customer–service provider collaboration? Second, what are the functional principles for such collaboration?

Design/methodology/approach

– A participative, design science approach was used to develop the model for a joint-development process. Researchers developed and analyzed joint activities between a provider of industrial maintenance service solutions and its customer during the process of co-developing a service concept for factory maintenance.

Findings

– The study suggests that a co-development process has to integrate service blueprinting, a stage-gate philosophy, dialogical interaction principles and elements of joint learning to meet the requirement for both efficiency and relationality.

Research limitations/implications

– The study develops a generic model for collaborative development of value propositions that integrates the aforementioned elements of separate streams of research. Applying the developed model to different contexts would further verify and enhance it.

Practical implications

– The model can be applied to the development of a value proposition in different collaborative development situations to enhance interplay between efficiency and relationality.

Originality/value

– The study illustrates a generic model for joint service concept development and proposes a solution balancing contradictory requirements in such a collaboration.
Coupling and quantifying resilience and sustainability in facilities management
Authors: Cox Rimante Andrasiunaite , Nielsen Susanne Balslev , Rode Carsten
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to consider how to couple and quantify resilience and sustainability, where sustainability refers to not only environmental impact, but also economic and social impacts. The way a particular function of a building is provisioned may have significant repercussions beyond just resilience. The goal is to develop a decision support tool for facilities managers.

Design/methodology/approach

– A risk framework is used to quantify both resilience and sustainability in monetary terms. The risk framework allows to couple resilience and sustainability, so that the provisioning of a particular building can be investigated with consideration of functional, environmental, economic and, possibly, social dimensions.

Findings

– The method of coupling and quantifying resilience and sustainability (CQRS) is illustrated with a simple example that highlights how very different conclusions can be drawn when considering only resilience or resilience and sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper is based on a hypothetical example. The example also illustrates the difficulty in deriving the costs and probabilities associated with particular indicators.

Practical implications

– The method is generic, allowing the method to be customized for different user communities. Further research is needed to translate this theoretical framework to a practical tool for practitioners and to evaluate the CQRS method in practice.

Originality/value

– The intention of this research is to fill the gap between the need for increasing sustainability and resilience of the built environment and the current practices in property maintenance and operation.
Assessment of facility management practices in public and private buildings in Akure and Ibadan cities, south-western Nigeria
Authors: Ogungbile Adedayo Johnson , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to assess the facility management (FM) practices in public and private buildings, and compare the practices in both the buildings. This paper critically analysed the current FM practices and explored the range of contributions that the facility manager could offer in both public and private buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

– A case study of 19 public and 20 private buildings in Ibadan and Akure cities was carried out in this paper.

Findings

– The paper revealed that the state of FM awareness is higher in private buildings than in public buildings and that FM practices in the two types of buildings are significantly related, but the extent of usage of FM methods are significantly different in the buildings. It was also observed in the research that corrective and responsive FM practices are the order of the day in both public and private buildings.

Practical implications

– The paper acknowledged that the involvement of the facility manager with the integrated design team if implemented efficiently will contribute in reducing the need for major repairs and alterations in the lifespan of the facility and that the practices of preventive, planned and immediate responsive approaches would better the life of buildings.

Social implications

– The paper recommended that stricter action should be taken to mitigate against the poor handling and misuse of buildings by users, as it affects negatively the success story of FM in the country.

Originality/value

– This paper reached out to address the lack of proper FM in the country.
Cross-language information seeking behaviour English vs Arabic
Authors: Al-Wreikat Asma , Rafferty Pauline , Foster Allen
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report the results and the methods of a study which applied grounded theory to the information-seeking behaviour of social scientists when searching Arabic and English academic databases using both languages.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research applied the grounded theory approach using search experiments and semi-structured interviews. Think-aloud protocol during the experiment was used to capture the data from the subjects to allow a detailed analysis for the experiment. The semi-structured interviews followed each experiment and were analysed using the Strauss and Corbin (1990) version of the grounded theory, as were the think-aloud protocols.

Findings

– The results of the think-aloud protocols and the semi-structured interviews suggest that the information needs of the subjects varied depending on the language used. In addition, it was discovered that social scientists followed more tactics in searching the Arabic database for the same tasks searched in English during the experiment. This allowed more search strategies and search tactics to appear in seeking information in Arabic language. The study also proposed a model to account for the cross-language information-seeking behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

– This study identifies and compares the information-seeking behaviour of the social scientists in Jordanian universities in searching both Arabic and English academic databases. Therefore, the findings of this study cannot be generalized to other Arab countries, unless there was similar context.

Originality/value

– Few studies have investigated information-seeking behaviour using academic Arabic databases and proposed information-seeking behaviour models. No studies have compared information-seeking behaviour when using Arabic and English academic databases. The value of the current study arises by being the first study to identify and compare the information-seeking behaviour of social scientists by using grounded theory and proposing a cross-language information-seeking behaviour model.
The impact factor: a case study of medical journals
Authors: Cox Linda , Ellis David
Published: August 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to look at two well-respected cardiothoracic journals and one general medical journal over the period of a decade to find out any major differences in content and referencing to warrant the fact that the general journal should be ranked far higher than the specialist journals.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper conducted citation analysis and comparison with impact factors (IFs) of two cardiothoracic journals, one American and one European, and one general medical journal over the period.

Findings

– The study concludes that although there was a significant amount of self-referenced non-citable material in the general medical journal, this probably did not alone account for its higher ranking.

Research limitations/implications

– The original articles were actually very highly cited, and perhaps, the visibility of the general medical journal could possibly be the main factor contributing to its high IF.

Practical implications

– In terms of citation, all contribution in an issue of a journal is not equal, and therefore, to evaluate work by looking at the IF of the journal in which it is published is not reliable.

Originality/value

– The study is based on an original citation and IF analysis, and the results should be of interest and value to all those concerned with the use of the IF to evaluate journals.