bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gender Differences in Reading Habits of University Students in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nashath MNF. , Akram ATA.
Published: November 2021

Reading habits of university students, which is crucial in building a robust individual, are affected by various factors. This study was conducted to explore the effect of gender differences in reading habits of university undergraduates in Sri Lanka. Data were obtained using a questionnaire from 192 male and 474 female students of six universities. Enjoying reading, reading preferences, how often they are reading and reading frequency showed significant variations between the two genders (p<0.05). Female students enjoyed reading and spent more time in reading than their male counterparts. Most female students preferred novels (28.5%), while male respondents (7.5%) selected books to read. Both male (14.5%) and female (33.1%) students selected education as their preferred genre while politics and poetry were preferred by least number of female students (6.6%) and male students (2.1%) respectively. Personal satisfaction was the main reason for reading to both the male (17.4%) and female students (39.9%) while the least number of male (2.1%) and female (7.2%) students read for reinforcing their lessons. The majority of the female students responded that preparation for exams (39.6%) was the main barrier against reading, while male students selected social networks (16.5%). In terms of frequency, the majority of the girls (19.5%) read once a week, while 9.3% of boys read less frequently, whereas 0.9% of them never read. Based on this study, female are better in reading than male students in Sri Lankan universities.
Optimization of concurrently compressed and torqued rod
Authors: Kobelev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The applications of this method for stability problems in the context of twisted and compressed rods are demonstrated in this manuscript. The complement for Euler’s buckling problem is Greenhill's problem, which studies the forming of a loop in an elastic bar under simultaneous torsion and compression (Greenhill, 1883). We search the optimal distribution of bending flexure along the axis of the rod. For the solution of the actual problem the stability equations take into account all possible convex, simply connected shapes of the cross-section. We study the cross-sections with equal principle moments of inertia. The cross-sections are similar geometric figures related by a homothetic transformation with respect to a homothetic center on the axis of the rod and vary along its axis. The cross section that delivers the maximum or the minimum for the critical eigenvalue must be determined among all convex, simply connected domains. The optimal form of the cross-section is known to be an equilateral triangle. The distribution of material along the length of a twisted and compressed rod is optimized so that the rod must support the maximal moment without spatial buckling, presuming its volume remains constant among all admissible rods. The static Euler’s approach is applicable for simply supported rod (hinged), twisted by the conservative moment and axial compressing force. For determining the optimal solution, we directly compare the twisted rods with the different lengths and cross-sections using the invariant factors. The solution of optimization problem for simultaneously twisted and compressed rod is stated in closed form in terms of the higher transcendental functions.
mRNA COVID-19 vaccines induce enhanced antibody and cellular responses compared to ChAdOx1 or natural infection in children
Authors: Dowell Alexander , Powell Annable , Davis Chris , Willett Brian , Bruton Rachel , Ayodele Morenike , Jinks Elizabeth , Sylla Panagiota , Spalkova Eliska , Nicol Samantha , Zuo Jianmin , Ireland Georgina , OKIKE Ifeanyichukwu , Baawuah Frances , BECKMANN Joanne , Ahmad Shazaad , GARSTANG Joanna , Brent Andrew , Brent Bernadette , white marie , Collins Aedin , Davis Fracesca , lim ming , Kenny Julia , Cohen Jonathan , Ramsay Mary , Linley Ezra , Poe John , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Brown Kevin , Azad Rafaq , Waiblinger Dagmar , Wright John , Moss Paul , Ladhani Shamez
Published: November 2021

We present a comprehensive analysis of antibody and cellular responses in children aged 12-16 years who received COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 (n=6) or mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2, n=9) using a 12-week extended-interval schedule. mRNA vaccination of seropositive children induces high antibody levels, with one dose, but a second dose is required in infection-naïve children. Following a second ChAdOx1 dose, antibody titres were higher than natural infection, but lower than mRNA vaccination. Vaccination induced live virus neutralising antibodies against Alpha, Beta and Delta variants, however, a second dose is required in infection-naïve children. We found higher T-cell responses following mRNA vaccination than ChAdOx1. Phenotyping of responses showed predominantly early effector-memory CD4 T cell populations, with a type-1 cytotoxic cytokine signature, with IL-10. These data demonstrate mRNA vaccination induces a co-ordinated superior antibody and robust cellular responses in children. Seronegative children require a prime-boost regime for optimal protection.
A Relaxed Kaczmarz Method for Fuzzy Linear Systems
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Shijun , Wang Shiheng
Published: November 2021

A relaxed Kaczmarz method is presented for solving a class of fuzzy linear systems of equations with crisp coefficient matrix and fuzzy right-hand side. The iterative scheme is established and the convergence theorem is provided. Numerical examples show that the method is effective.
Diffuse Terahertz Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Using a Wavelet-Based Bimodality Spectral Analysis
Authors: Khani Mahmoud E. , Osman Omar B. , Arbab M. Hassan
Published: November 2021

Current terahertz (THz) spectroscopy techniques only use the coherent light beam for spectral imaging. In the presence of electromagnetic scattering, however, the scattering-mitigated incoherent beams allow for flexible emitter-detector geometries, which enable applications such as seeing through turbid media. Despite this potential, THz spectroscopy using diffuse waves has not been demonstrated. The main obstacles are the very poor signal to noise ratios of the diffused fields and the resonance-like spectral artifacts due to multiple Mie scattering events that obscure the material absorption signatures. In this work, we demonstrate diffuse THz spectroscopy of a heterogeneous sample through turbid media using a novel technique based on the wavelet multiresolution analysis and the bimodality coefficient spectrum, which we define here for the first time using the skewness and kurtosis of the spectral images. The proposed method yields broadband and simultaneous material characterization at detection angles as high as 90o with respect to the incident beam. We determined the accuracy of the wavelet-based diffuse spectroscopy at oblique detection angles, by evaluating the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, to be higher than 95%. This technique is agnostic to any a priori information on the spectral signatures of the sample materials or the characteristics of the scattering medium, and can be expanded for other broadband spectroscopic modalities.
Lorentz-invariant system with quantum mechanical properties
Authors: Pérez Francisco de Luis
Published: November 2021

In this work we study potential fluids, within which eddies exist which have quantum mechanical properties because according to Helmholtz they are made up of an integer number of lines and their displacement in a potential medium is a function of a frequency. However, this system is Lorentz-invariant since Maxwell’s equations can be obtained from it, and this is what we demonstrate here. The considered hypothesis is that the electric charge arises naturally as the intensity of the eddy in the potential fluid, that is, the circulation of the velocity vector of the elements that constitute it, along that potential (it is not another parameter, whose experimental value must be added, as proposed by the standard model of elementary particles). Hence, the electric field appears as the rotational of the velocity field, at each point of the potential medium, and the magnetic field appears as the variation with respect to the velocity field of the potential medium, which is equivalent to the Biot and Savart law. From these considerations, Maxwell’s equations are reached, in particular his second equation which is the non-existence of magnetic monopoles, and the fourth equation which is Ampere’s law, both of which to date are obtained empirically demonstrated theoretically. The electromagnetic field propagation equation is also arrived at, thus this can be considered a demonstration that a potential medium in which eddies exist constitutes a Lorentz-invariant with quantum mechanical properties.
DETERMINANTS OF UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG MARRIED WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN OMBADA LOCALITY, KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN. 2019
Authors:   Monitoring and Evaluation- General Directorate of Primary Health Care, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan., E. Saied Sarra , G.O. Ahmed Nada ,   Community Medicine and Public Health Consultant Global Health Development/EMPHNET, Amman, Jordon., E.A Elmuez ,   Director of Quality and Patient Safety, King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, KSA., A.B.A. Karaig Egbal ,   Community Medicine and Public Health Consultant, Planning Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:The unmet need for family planning reflects the gap between womens reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. Its a useful indicator for tracking progress towards the target of achieving universal access to reproductive health. Aim:This study aimsat measuringthe level of unmet need for family planning in Ombada locality to identify the determinants that affectutilization of FP methodsand to assessthe readiness of the public health facilities to the provision of FP services. Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional health facility and community-based studyusinga multistage sampling technique.The study collected data from married women of reproductive age (15-49 years)and from the public health facilities providingfamily planning services in the study area using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version20. Results:Currently users for family planning methods were (21.55%). The total unmet need for family planning was high and measured as (39.26%), while the total demand for family planning was (60.8%). Factors such as age, age at marriage, living children, knowledge about family planning methods and discussion with husband were found to be significantly related to the high total unmet need. Major reasons for the non-use of family planning methods were husband/family objection, fear of side effects and a lack of knowledge about family planning methods. Assessment of health facilities revealed poor infrastructure readiness. Conclusion: Women in the surveyed locality are still not empowered regarding their reproductive health choices, as they are still under the control of husbands and families concerning the use of contraceptive methods. In addition, the lack of counsellingcomponent, which was the weakest link in the provision of family planning services, lead to voluntary or un-voluntary avoid of using FP methods, or adopting unprofessional sources or methods as alternatives. Thus, policymakers and directorates managers have to carefully consider such findings when planning for FP interventions.
GRANULOMATOSE EOSINOPHILIQUE AVEC POLYANGEITE: PRESENTATIONS INHABITUELLES. EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS: UNUSUAL PRESENTATIONS
Authors:   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Maroc., Mekouar Fadwa , Elomri Naoual ,   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Jira Mohamed ,   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Assoufi Naoufal ,   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Qatni Mohamed ,   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Fatihi Jamal ,   Service de Medecine Interne B, Hopital Militaire dinstruction Mohammed V, Universite Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, affecting small and medium-sized vessels and associating asthma,pulmonary involvement, peripheral eosinophilia and extravascular eosinophilic granulomas. We report three GEPA sightings of unusual revelations. Methods:These are three cases of GEPA from the internal medicine department B, Mohammed V military hospital in Rabat. Results:Three patients aged between 27 and 70 years. The most frequently found manifestations were pulmonary, cutaneous, neurological and digestive. All patients presented with peripheral eosinophilia. The ANCA were negative. All patients were treated with corticosteroids in one case, immunosuppressive therapy were used. Conclusion:In this article, GEPA was revealed by an acute surgical abdomen (appendicitis) in one case, a febrile rash in the second and liver damage in the third patient. Our patients responded well to corticosteroid therapy but the treatment must be adapted depending on the case.
PSYCHO-SOCIAL-SPIRITUAL LIFE OF PEOPLE DURING LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID -19 PANDEMIC-AN INDIAN SURVEY
Authors: Saini Ruchi , Kaur Sukhpal , Kumari Saini Sushma , Sharmam Nitasha , a Monika , Kalyan Geetanjli , Das Karobi
Published: November 2021

Introduction and Background: Imposition of lock down during COVID 19 pandemic by Indian Government has brought many changes in the life of people. Objective: To explore the psychosocial impact of lockdown in general population with specific focus upon changes observed in day-to-day activities encompassing spiritual and recreational activities. Methods: The study was conducted on class III and IV employees of a health care Institute selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by administering questionnaire comprising of two parts: a) Socio-demographic profile b) Questions on psycho-social-spiritual aspects and recreational activities adopted by general population during COVID -19 pandemic. Results: The study reported increase in the feeling of sadness, irritability and boredom among people during lockdown and decrease in social and religious activities. Participants reported a significant increase in the frequency of watching movies, Netflix series and other programs on television etc. and the time spent on social media such as WhatsApp, facebook, instagram, tik-tok, etc. The screen time spent by the people was more than 2hrs. Conclusion: There was drastic change in certain variables related to psychological health of people during lockdown.
MICRO FINANCE THROUGH WOMEN SELF-HELP GROUPS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Political Science Vidyavardhaka First Grade College, Mysuru-01., B.T Raghu , T.K Venkatesha ,   Assistant Professor of Economics Vidyavardhaka First Grade College, Mysuru-01.
Published: November 2021

Self-help groups also known as mutual help, mutual aid, or support groups, or groups of people who provide mutual support for each other. In a self-help group, the members share a common problem, often a common disease or addiction. Their mutual goal is to help each other to deal with, if possible to heal or to recover from, this problem. In traditional society, family and friends provided social support. In modern industrial society, however, family and community ties are often disrupted due to mobility and other social changes. Thus, people often choose to join with others who share mutual interests and concerns.
A IMPORTANCIA DO LUDICO PEDAGOGICO NA APRENDIZAGEM DE CRIANCAS COM SINDROME DE DOWN
Authors:   Diemison Costa Dos Santos, Ricael Spirandeli Rocha., Lemos Moreira Estela
Published: November 2021

Este estudo objetivou tratar a importancia do ludico pedagogico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de criancas com sindrome de Down. O estudo fundamentou-se em uma pesquisa bibliografica, de natureza qualitativa e exploratoria atraves da leitura de artigos cientificos e livros, aos quais foram possiveis analisar a importancia do uso do ludico voltado para o ensino como forma de inclusao e ferramenta de aprendizagem. Foram feitos levantamentos de politicas de educacao para alunos com Sindrome de Down, seu contexto historico, social, educacional e legislacao, por meio de diferentes autores que tratam das politicas publicas de educacao inclusiva. Alem disso, preocupou-se em focalizar na contribuicao, desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dos metodos de ensino e aprendizagem com alunos com Sindrome de Down, destacando experiencias educacionais, desafios e contribuicoes acerca do tema tratado. Como resultados, observa-se a importancia do envolvimento do professor-aluno e aluno-aluno, ressaltando que o ludico proporciona esse processo. Portanto, salienta-se a importancia da reflexao sobre o uso do ludico como instrumento de ensino e aprendizagem.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER OF FOUR LAKES OF THE FERKESSEDOUGOU DAM (NORTH OF COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   UFR Sciences Geologiques et Minieres (SGM), Laboratoire Central danalyse(LCA), Unite de caracterisation des materiaux, Universite de Man, BP 20 Man, Cote dIvoire., Lereyaha Coulibaly , Koffi Amoulaye Kouakou ,   UFR Ingenierie, Agronomique, Foresterie et Environnemental (IAFE), Laboratoire Central danalyse(LCA),Unite de Physico-chimie et Microbiologie,Universitede Man,BP 20 Man,Cote dIvoire., Ismaila Ouattara ,   UFR Sciences Geologiques et Minieres (SGM), Laboratoire Central danalyse(LCA), Unite de caracterisation des materiaux, Universite de Man, BP 20 Man, Cote dIvoire., Bamory Kamagate ,   Laboratoire Geosciences et Environnement (LGE), UFR-SGE, Universite NanguiAbrogoua (UNA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote dIvoire., Issiaka Savane ,   Laboratoire Geosciences et Environnement (LGE), UFR-SGE, Universite NanguiAbrogoua (UNA), 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote dIvoire.
Published: November 2021

Runoff from the catchment areas of the reservoirs is partly responsible for the chemical quality of the water. The main objective of this study was to compare the physico-chemical quality of the waters of four lakes in the sub-county of Ferkessedougou located in the north of Cote dIvoire. After application of the referenced analytical methods, the contents of chemical elements were subjected to statistical processing, mainly principal component analysis (PCA). The study revealed a categorization of the water in the reservoirs. On the whole, the water in the reservoirs is poorly mineralized, thus justifying a low electrical conductivity (66.67 to 138.04 ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â‚ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚ÂµS/cm). The Bakaryvogo lake, richer in dissolved elements, is opposed to the Korobelekaha and Dekokaha lakes, which have the lowest electrical conductivity, unlike the others. The lake of Sepenediokaha is distinguished by turbid waters rich in organic matter (COD) and suspended solids (SS). This study provided an overview of the quality of the water, which remains a function of the activities in the catchment areas. Furthermore, the waters of these reservoirs are potentially threatened by the phenomenon of eutrophization given the levels of nutrients measured. Indeed, the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus, although lower than the thresholds allowed by the WHO, are significant. There are also significant levels of phosphorus. In addition, the average Fe2+ content measured (0.78 mg/L) is above WHO standards.
Assessment of NBSs effectiveness for flood risk management: The Isar River case study
Authors: Pugliese Francesco , Caroppi Gerardo , Zingraff-Hamed Aude , Lupp Gerd , Gerundo Carlo
Published: November 2021

Nature-based solutions (NBSs) are increasingly implemented to mitigate natural risks in urban and rural contexts, from coastal to mountainous areas. Nevertheless, the lack of quantitative approaches to assess NBSs’ effectiveness limits their technical, social and cultural acceptance. Within the PHUSICOS project (EU H2020 Innovation Action; Grant Agreement nr. 776681) a comprehensive assessment framework tool (AFT) has been developed to fill this gap. This paper presents an ex-post analysis with the PHUSICOS AFT applied to the Isar River case study. The restoration of the urban reach of the Isar River, in the city of Munich, was implemented in the early 2000s and represents a successful example of ecosystem and user-friendly flood risk management plan. The performance of the NBS measures implemented to manage the flood risk and improve the ecological status of the river (NBS scenario) is assessed in comparison with an alternative scenario with traditional hard engineering measures (grey scenario, GS). Results underscore the NBS as a competitive alternative. The ex-post analysis shows the potential of the PHUSICOS AFT for NBS performance assessment, providing guidance on indicator selection, stakeholders’ management and performance assessment. The application discussed here is expected to aid professionals and researchers involved in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NBSs.
Identifying the runoff variation in the Naryn River Basin under multiple climate and land-use change scenarios
Authors: Wu J. S. , Li Y. P. , Sun J. , Gao P. P. , Huang G. H. , Liu J.
Published: November 2021

A multiple scenario-based ensemble prediction (MSEP) method is developed for exploring the impacts of climate and land-use changes on runoff in the Naryn River Basin. MSEP incorporates multiple global climate models, Cellular Automata–Markov and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a general framework. MSEP can simultaneously analyze the effects of climate and land-use changes on runoff, as well as providing multiple climate and land-use scenarios to reflect the associated uncertainties in runoff simulation and prediction. A total of 96 scenarios are considered to analyze the trend and range of future runoff. Ensemble prediction results reveal that (i) climate change plays a leading role in runoff variation; (ii) compared to the baseline values, peak flow would increase 36.6% and low flow would reduce 36.8% by the 2080s, which would result in flooding and drought risks in the future and (iii) every additional hectare of arable land would increase the water deficit by an average of 10.9 × 103 m3, implying that the arable land should be carefully expanded in the future. Results suggest that, to mitigate the impact of climate change, the rational control of arable land and the active promotion of irrigation efficiency are beneficial for water resources management and ecological environmental recovery.
Economic size and water use efficiency: an empirical analysis of trends across China
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Li Xing , Wang Lifang
Published: November 2021

Water shortage is a global risk that could arguably be mitigated using water more efficiently. However, the profound relationship between water use efficiency and regional economic size has not been empirically tested. The research design employed an exploratory empirical analysis done through non-linear curve function and attempted to analyze the evolution of water use efficiency over economic growth. First, the water use efficiency change was decomposed into pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and technological advance change. Second, the scale efficiency is generally less than 1, revealing that it is the main reason for the decreased water use efficiency by the empirical analysis of trends across China. Third, the fitting function between water use efficiency and economic development was constructed. The results supported the existence of an inverted-S shape between water use efficiency and regional economic growth. This analysis will be the reference to formulate scenarios for economic and demographic growth coupled with water use, particularly for planning and managing future water provision and demand.
Numerical simulation of the effects of sandy water on regulator labyrinth channel in micro-sprinkler systems
Authors: Hua Lin , Li Hong , Chen Chao , Jiang Yue , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: November 2021

The effects of sandy water on the W-shaped labyrinth channel of micro-sprinkler irrigation systems with large flowrate were investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Using ANSYS FLUENT software and different inflow conditions (e.g., pressure, velocity, sediment concentration, and sand particle diameter), internal turbulent multiphase flow and sand deposition were simulated by the Eulerian multiphase flow model. Particle erosion in the labyrinth channel was calculated by the Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The results show that vortex movements and shear actions at the boundary layer cause self-flushing in the channel. The location of sand particle deposits and the turbulent dissipation rate are related to the operating pressure, which is optimal at 300 kPa. The erosion rate of the channel wall is proportional to the inflow sediment concentration but has no obvious relationship with inflow velocity. Based on the movement regulation of sand particles in the labyrinth channel, recommendations on filtration requirements and operating pressure of irrigation systems are proposed.
Costo de producción de panetón utilizando las herramientas Lean Manufacturing 5S, TPM y JIT en situación de pandemia de COVID-19 en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Altamirano Flores Ernesto , Quiroz Quezada Pedro Ricardo , Allcca Alzamora José Luis
Published: November 2021

Las PYMES del sector panificación, en especial la industria panificadora, presentan mayores pérdidas económicas en comparación con las grandes empresas que, utilizan metodologías eficientes. Además, de tener que lidiar con las panificadoras informales. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar los costos de producción de panetón en situación de pandemia de COVID-19, durante la campaña de fin de año, en la Industria Panificadora Ricoson S.A.C, con RUC Nª 20552547960. La metodología utilizada fue la aplicación de Lean Manufacturing y se propone un modelo de gestión basado en las herramientas 5S, TPM y JIT. Para probar la metodología y comprobar su utilidad se realizó la simulación del proceso productivo en el software ARENA obteniéndose resultados que contribuirán al éxito y rentabilidad general de la empresa. El estudio determinó que, la implementación del Lean Manufacturing genera una mejora del 70% del nivel del servicio al 85% de las máquinas y hornos, Además de disminuir los costos de producción y mejorar las ventajas competitivas de la empresa.
Gene Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges in Resolving Long-term Consequences of Brain Damage
Authors: Dhote Vipin V. , Samundre Prem , Upaganlawar Aman B. , Ganeshpurkar Aditya
Published: November 2021

The gene therapy is alluring not only for CNS disorders but also for other pathological
conditions. Gene therapy employs the insertion of a healthy gene into the identified genome to replace
or replenish genes responsible for pathological disorder or damage due to trauma. The last decade
has seen a drastic change in the understanding of vital aspects of gene therapy. Despite the
complexity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the advent of gene therapy in various neurodegenerative
disorders has reinforced the ongoing efforts of alleviating TBI-related outcomes with gene therapy.
The review highlights the genes modulated in response to TBI and evaluates their impact on
the severity and duration of the injury. We have reviewed strategies that pinpointed the most relevant
gene targets to restrict debilitating events of brain trauma and utilize vector of choice to deliver
the gene of interest at the appropriate site. We have made an attempt to summarize the long-term
neurobehavioral consequences of TBI due to numerous pathometabolic perturbations associated
with a plethora of genes. Herein, we shed light on the basic pathological mechanisms of brain injury,
genetic polymorphism in individuals susceptible to severe outcomes, modulation of gene expression
due to TBI, and identification of genes for their possible use in gene therapy. The review
also provides insights on the use of vectors and challenges in translations of this gene therapy to
clinical practices.
Autophagy-related Prognostic Signature in HER2 Positive Gastric
Carcinomas
Authors: Ieni Antonio , Pizzimenti Cristina , Giuffrè Giuseppe , Caruso Rosario Alberto , Tuccari Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Background:

The immunohistochemical analysis of autophagy-related
proteins (ATGs) has been recently applied in human pathology to study differentiation
and cancer progression. The aim of the present study is to analyze a cohort of gastric
carcinomas (GC) by five ATG antisera (Beclin-1, LC3A/B, p62, ULK-1 and AMBRA-1),
also evaluating their possible relationship with clinicopathological parameters, HER2
status and final outcome of patients.

Methods:

A cohort of 123 GCs has been studied by ATG antisera utilizing Masuda's
criteria that define positive cases in which at least two out of five protein expressions
were documented.

Results:

The immunohistochemical signature for autophagy (A-IHC) was 49.59% as a
whole. The percentage of A-IHC ranged from 31% for poorly cohesive carcinomas to
56% for adenocarcinomas. The performance of each ATG immunomarker documented
high values for sensitivity, specificity and efficiency for LC3A/B, Beclin-1 and p62. In
univariate analysis of GC, grade, stage, Ki67 expression, HER2 status as well as A-IHC
appeared as emerged as relevant parameters with a high p-value (p < 0.001). Finally, in
multivariate analysis, HER2 status, stage and A-IHC emerged as independent
prognostic variables. In the comparison of survival curves, GC cases immunoreactive for
A-IHC exhibited a shorter survival with a worse outcome.

Conclusions:

We have hypothesized that A-IHC could represent an additional
morphological tool to provide prognostic elements in order to identify patients affected by
aggressive with shorter survival and worse outcome.
Simultaneously Determining Seven Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs by UHPLC-
MS: Application for TDM in HIV-TB Patients
Authors: Yin Lin , Xing Yaru , Le Xiaoqin , Chen Jun , Zhang Lin , Jia Xiaofang , Sun Tao , Li Yingying , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Lijun
Published: November 2021

Background:

To optimize therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis
(HIV-TB) coinfection, we developed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/-
tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method to monitor seven second-line anti-tuberculosis
drugs.

Methods:

Blood samples (n = 70) were collected from 35 patients with HIV-TB coinfection; the
plasma sample was protein-precipitated and diluted with a solution containing heptafluorobutyric
acid. The plasma concentrations of rifabutin (RBT), clofazimine (CLO), moxifloxacin (MFX), prothionamide
(PTH), levofloxacin (LFX), amikacin (AMK), and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS method.

Results:

In these 70 samples, the mean concentrations of RBT, CLO, MFX, PTH, LFX, and AMK
were 173.8 (10.0–550.0), 61.1 (54.4–67.7), 646.6 (25.0–2480.0), 120.5 (50.0–597.0), 1565.9
(100.0–3480.0), and 10753.0 (400.0–76 700.0) μg/L, respectively. Only one sample was detected
to have PAS with a concentration less than the lower limit of quantification. Most of the drug concentrations
detected in these patients were lower than the targeted concentrations in TB patients.

Conclusion:

We created a simple UHPLC-MS method for simultaneously quantifying anti-TB
drugs. The plasma concentrations in HIV-TB co-infected patients were lower than the targeted concentrations.
It is important to monitor anti-TB drugs in the future. This method will facilitate the
monitoring of anti-TB drugs in the future.
Clinical Pharmacists’ Contribution to Medication Reconciliation in Outpatient
Specialty Clinics in Iran
Authors: Ahmadimoghaddam Davoud , Mehrpooya Maryam , Khorami Mohammad-Reza , Mohammadi Mojdeh , Mohammadi Younes
Published: November 2021

Background:

The majority of research in medication reconciliation has focused on the
inpatient settings, and little is known about the outpatient settings, particularly in developing countries.
As such, we conducted this study to evaluate direct clinical pharmacist involvement in medication
reconciliation in outpatient specialty clinics in Iran.

Methods:

This prospective interventional study was conducted from September 2019 to February
2020 in a University-affiliated clinic in Iran. For 196 patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled
for an appointment with a physician, medication reconciliation intervention was carried out by
a clinical pharmacist. The number and type of unintentional discrepancies, their potential harm to
the patients, their correlation with the patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, and the
number of accepted recommendations upon the unintentional discrepancies by the clinicians were
assessed and recorded. Additionally, patients' understanding of any change made to their current
medication regimen was also assessed.

Results:

In total, 57.14% of patients had at least one or more unintentional medication discrepancies,
with an overall rate of 1.51 (±0.62) per patient. This is while the patient understanding of their
medication changes was inadequate in a significant proportion of the study patients (62.2%). Patients
with older ages, lower educational levels, and a higher number of medications and comorbidities
were at a higher risk of having unintentional discrepancies. The most common type of unintentional
discrepancy was the omission of a drug, and almost half of the reconciliation errors might
have had the potential to cause moderate or severe harm to the patient. From 145 recommendations
suggested by the clinical pharmacist upon unintentional discrepancies, 131 cases (90.34%) were accepted
and implemented by the clinicians.

Conclusion:

These findings further support the need for conducting medication reconciliation in
outpatient settings to identify discrepancies and enhance the safety of patient medication use.
Applications of Genome Editing Tools in Stem Cells Towards Regenerative Medicine: An Update
Authors: Kues Wilfried A. , Kumar Dharmendra , Selokar Naresh L. , Talluri Thirumala Rao
Published: November 2021

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Precise and site-specific genome editing through application of emerging and modern gene engineering techniques, namely zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/ Cas9) have swiftly progressed the application and use of the stem cell technology in the sphere of in-vitro disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Genome editing tools facilitate the manipulation of genes in various types of cells with target-specific nucleases. These tools aid in elucidating the genetics and etiology behind different diseases and have immense promise as novel therapeutics for correcting the genetic mutations, making alterations, and curing diseases permanently, which are not responding and resistant to traditional therapies. These genome engineering tools have evolved in the field of biomedical research and have also been shown to have a significant improvement in clinical trials. However, their widespread use in the research revealed potential safety issues, which need to be addressed before implementing such techniques for clinical purposes. Significant and valiant attempts need to be made in order to surpass those hurdles. The current review outlines the advancements of several genome engineering tools and describes suitable strategies for their application towards regenerative medicine.
AthEDL: Identifying Enhancers in Arabidopsis thaliana Using an
Attention-based Deep Learning Method
Authors: Chen Yiqiong , Gao Yujia , Zhou Hejie , Zuo Yanming , Zhang Youhua , Yue Zhenyu
Published: November 2021

Background:

Enhancers are key cis-function elements of DNA structure that are crucial in
gene regulation and the function of a promoter in eukaryotic cells. Availability of accurate identification
of the enhancers would facilitate the understanding of DNA functions and their physiological roles.
Previous studies have revealed the effectiveness of computational methods for identifying enhancers in
other organisms. To date, a huge number of enhancers remain unknown, especially in the field of plant
species.

Objective:

In this study, the aim is to build an efficient attention-based neural network model for the
identification of Arabidopsis thaliana enhancers.

Method:

A sequence-based model using convolutional and recurrent neural networks was proposed for
the identification of enhancers. The input DNA sequences are represented as feature vectors by 4-mer.
A neural network model consists of CNN and Bi-RNN as sequence feature extractors, and the attention
mechanism is suggested to improve the prediction performance.

Results:

We implemented an ablation study on validation set to select and evaluate the effectiveness of
our proposed model. Moreover, our model showed remarkable performance on the test set achieving the
Mcc of 0.955, the AUPRC of 0.638, and the AUROC of 0.837, which are significantly higher than
state-of-the-art methods, respectively.

Conclusion:

The proposed computational framework aims at solving similar problems in non-coding
genomic regions, thereby providing valuable insights into the prediction about the enhancers of plants.
Dental Curriculum's Continuing Improvement in the North American and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Education Systems
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Ghanem Henry , Calvo Jose
Published: November 2021

Background:

Dynamic oral health care needs, alongside a diverse demographic of patients, presents a challenge to dental clinicians as they strive to resolve the ever-increasing demand for quality oral care service. Claims have arisen that the most appropriate way of speeding up the slow change in adopting innovations within the dental practice is by updating dentists' knowledge and skills through improving the undergraduate students' curriculum.

Objective:

This review compares the dental curriculum's continuing improvement processes between the North American and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Methods:

The process of analysis consisted of identifying, examining, and interpreting patterns and themes within textual data, and then determining how each of these help answer the research questions.

Results:

Efforts to implement the dental curriculum's continuous improvement processes in the North American and GCC countries are evident, but the significant barriers for the dental curriculum's continuing improvement among the North American countries include the consequences of a compressed four-year curriculum, reliance on professional regulations, insufficient focus on patient perceptions, and the lack of a more theoretically robust approach to self-reflection. Conversely, amongst the GCC countries, the available literature states that the most significant factors hindering the dental curriculum's continuing improvement include deficient leadership attributes and low research productivity.

Conclusion:

The North American and GCC regions will benefit from the new dental curriculum and result in producing more competent dental practitioners, with improved leadership and patient-centered care. However, it has been observed that the dental curriculum’s continuous improvement processes are adopted slowly, particularly among the GCC countries.
Predictability of Root Movements Using Virtual Root Setup in a Patient With Periodontal Disease Treated With Clear Aligners
Authors: Martina Stefano , Martini Marco , Bordegoni Monica , Razionale Armando Viviano
Published: November 2021

Aims:

The aim of the study was to show a case with a midline diastema in a patient with high periodontal risks and gingival recessions treated with clear
aligners. The objective was to predict and quantify root movements using a dedicated software that extrapolates data from the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Case Presentation:

A 31-year-old female with a mandibular midline diastema asked for an aesthetic treatment. She had vertical bone loss on the lower central incisors, so a CBCT was necessary in order to plan the root movements. The purpose of the treatment was to avoid an uncontrolled tipping of the incisors and, therefore, a vestibular movement of the roots, which could cause serious periodontal problems.

Conclusion:

At the end of the treatment, the complete closure of the diastema and the radiographic healing of the vertical bone loss between mandibular central incisors were achieved. The superimpositions with the virtual setup demonstrated predictability of root movements of 76%.
Attachment-Retained Unilateral Partial Denture versus Tooth Implant-Supported Prosthesis in Mandibular Distal Extension Cases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sharaf Mohamed , Eskander Asharaf
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To evaluate patients’ satisfaction, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of abutment teeth of tooth implant-supported fixed partial denture, unilateral attachment, and conventional partial denture in mandibular distal extension cases.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four participants were selected according to the following criteria: participants with unilateral mandibular distal extension with last standing second premolar abutment; participants having abutments with sufficient occluso-gingival height and good periodontal condition. Participants were divided into the following three equal groups: participants of the implant group received fixed tooth implant-supported fixed partial dentures, attachment group participants received unilateral attachment removable partial dentures, and conventional group participants received conventional removable partial dentures. The evaluation included patient satisfaction using “OHIP14” questionnaires, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of terminal abutments using the ANOVA test.

Results:

Participants of the implant group were mainly satisfied with their prosthesis than the attachment group, which is higher than the conventional. Regarding biting force measurement, there is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between all groups, including the implant group and attachment group, as well as between attachment and conventional group (p < 0.05). The conventional group showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) highest mean bone loss, while there was no statistically significant difference between implant and attachment groups; both showed statistically significantly lower mean amounts of bone loss.

Conclusion:

The tooth implant-supported fixed prosthesis could be considered a superior line of treatment for managing distal extension cases. Unilateral attachment, which is considered an excellent alternative in the case of implant placement, is not recommended.
art of director, screenwriter, and actor Martin Scorsese as an author's cinematography model
Authors: Pogrebniak Galyna P. , Boiko Olha S. , Iudova-Romanova Kateryna V. , Priadko Oleksandr M. , Stepanenko Kateryna S.
Published: November 2021

Martin Scorsese is an outstanding contemporary director, who strongly influenced the artistic and aesthetic foundations of American (authors’ in particular) cinematography of the 19th–20th centuries He was and remains one of the outstanding creators who shaped the aesthetics of the “New Hollywood” cinematography. In the period from 1917 to the early 1960s, there was a paradigm of “classic Hollywood”, in which films were produced according to the dominant aesthetic, genre and narrative formulas, the characters represented themselves as specific typical images with understandable motivations for the general public. Martin Scorsese is a representative of cinematography, who changed classical views of film art. That is why the study of Martin Scorsese's work remains relevant for researchers in the field of cinematography and culture to the present day. The purpose of this work is to study the creativity of director, screenwriter and actor Martin Scorsese, as well as to identify the author's style in the artist's work, determine his author's handwriting and manner. The methodology of this research is based on theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, the method of information analysis and synthesis, the cultural method, as well as historical and comparative methods were used.
Features of Russian-Turkish and Turkish-Russian simultaneous interpretation
Authors: Abduvalieva Gulsanam A.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that nowadays cooperation between countries is constantly developing at different levels, which necessitates the use of simultaneous interpreting services. In order to meet the demands of today's market and above all to live up to the expectations, it is important to understand the special features of Russian-Turkish and Turkish-Russian simultaneous interpretation, regardless of subject matter and degree of complexity. Such interpretation is quite a complex task, since Turkish is a language belonging to the group of languages that is spoken by 83 million people worldwide, mostly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus, where it has the status of an official language. In the Russian Federation there is little knowledge of Turkish, which seems to be the main reason for the growing demand for simultaneous interpreting. The purpose of the study is to conduct a linguistic analysis of Russian-Turkish and Turkish-Russian simultaneous interpretation, which will reveal the features of language structures that influence the choice of strategies and actions in the simultaneous interpretation process.
Understanding the concept of Islamic education for millennial in Indonesia
Authors: Kaawoan Selviyanti , Solong Najamuddin Petta , Mustain Achmad Zayul , Ainiyah Nur , Nugraha Aat Ruchiat
Published: November 2021

The core discussion of this study is on understanding the concept of Islamic education for the millennial generation in Indonesia. The author believes that the idea of teaching Islamic education for the millennial generation is undoubtedly different from the teaching methods of the previous generation. For this reason, we have presented a series of data from previous studies, issues, and characteristics of teaching Islamic education in a modern way. Some literary sources the author found by searching online on several well-known publications such as Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Academic Edu, ERIC, and many data from websites. After reviewing and discussing the data, involving in-depth evaluation under a phenomenological approach, the writers obtain valid and up-to-date finding data. Based on the exposure data, we get models and characteristics of Islamic education in the millennial generation, including educational systems and methods that are suitable for millennial children; freedom of questioning and exploration methods, personal, independent learning by relying on fast and instant information, hyper-technology-based learning, rich in ideas and exploratory approaches. Thus, this finding becomes an essential input in developing Islamic studies for the millennial generation in the future.