bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jeton the Viability of Bacillus subtilis Endospores
Authors: Sharma Vinita , Hosoi Katsuhiko , Mori Tamio , Kuroda Shin-ichi
Published: March 2013

In this study, we conducted experiments to investigate the effectiveness of a non-equilibrium Ar-N2 plasma jet generated by a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch (CAPPLAT) at a sinusoidal voltage of 20 kV, frequency of 30 kHz with 10 slm of Ar gas and 100 sccm of N2 gas. Highly environmental stress resistant bacterial endospores of Bacillus subtilis, dried on an agar disc were exposed to the plasma discharge from the CAPPLAT for different durations. The viability of spores after plasma exposure was checked by counting CFUs by serial dilution method. We also measured the amount of released DPA (dipicolinic acid, pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid), which is exclusively found in endospore protoplast (cortex), to confirm the disintegration of the cortex. We could successfully inactivate a population of Bacillus endospores of about 1.0 × 107 to 4.0 × 107 spores/ml.
The Research of Inhibition Mechanism and the Application on Botrytis cinerea of 5% Potash Alum Water Solution
Authors: Li Yong Gang , Xi Qi Xin , Wen Sheng Yan , Li Ying Mei
Published: March 2013

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species requiring new methods of control. In the present investigation, efficacy of potash alum, a traditionally known double salt in Indian and Chinese medicine system, was tested against fourteen plant pathogenic fungi, inhibition mechanism and field efficacy of 5% potash alum water solution (M1) against tomato gray mold caused by B. cinerea. The inhibition spectrum tests showed that M1 had some inhibition effect against fourteen pathologic fungi by adopting mycelium growth rate method. M1 had an inhibition rate of 81.5%, 100%, 100% and 93.58% against B. clnerea, P. aphanidermatum, F. equiset and S. sclerotiorum respectively. M1 could effectively inhibit mycelial growth, spores production and germination of B. cinerea. The results preliminary showed that M1 had no effect on tomato growth. Tomato gray mold caused by B. cinerea had effectively been prevented by using M1 with field efficacy, which control effect was 78.66%. So the study lay the groundwork for further research and application.
The Application of Runge-Kutta Algorithms on Dynamic Model of Simulating Glycolytic Metabolism of Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Qing Hua , Xie Juan , Cui Jing
Published: March 2013

With the development of dynamic flux balance analysis for investigating cellular metabolic network systems, a lot of progress has been obtained on simulating the dynamic behaviors of them. These behaviors include simulating the time curve for biomass producing, the subtrate consuming, the variations of metabolite concentrations, and so on. In this paper, in order to get more precise predictions on the instantaneous concentrations of the biomass and substrates in glycolytic pathway of Escherichia coli, we apply the third order Kutta formula and the Gill formula to the dynamic model. The model is constructed as an optimal control problem and solved by an exterior point penalty function method. The simulation results for both biomass and glucose show that the prediction curves are sufficiently consistent with the experimental observations.
A Data Standardization and Reconstruction Method for Magnetic Induction Tomography
Authors: Du Qiang , Bai Bao Dong , Ke Li
Published: March 2013

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a biologic tomography technology, which is to obtain the conductivity distribution by detecting the data on the boundary of the imaging area based on the eddy current principle. The small impedance difference between biological tissues makes the eddy current weak, and it leads to a direct effect on the biological impedance measurement and imaging sensitivity. A measured data standardization method is presented in this paper for enhancing the measured data sensitivity, and combined with the back-projection reconstruction algorithm to get reconstruction image. It is applied to a variety of measurement and the simulation experiment based on the calculation results of finite-element methods. The reconstructed images indicate that the method can improve the image resolution and sensitivity, and which provides an effective data standardization and reconstruction algorithm for the magnetic induction tomography.
A Study of Filler Metal Effecting on Mechanical Properties for Dissimilar Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) for Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Sittichai Kaewkuekool , Vanchai Laemlaksakul , Detnarong Rodsung
Published: March 2013

The objective of this research was to study the effect of filler metal, which was influenced to mechanical properties welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304 on gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Factorial design was applied for this study. Factors studied were consisted of filler metal, electric current, and speed of welding at each factor was set at three levels. Results revealed that interaction effect between electric current, and speed was affected to ultimate tensile strength and elongation significantly different at level of .01 and .05, respectively. Finally, main effect of speed factors was affected to yield point significantly different at the level of .05.
Effects of Power on Microstructure and Hardness of Sputtered TiB2 Films
Authors: Xia Mu Jian , Ding Hong Yan , Zhou Guang Hong , Zhang Yue , Zhuang Guo Zhi
Published: March 2013

The TiB2films were prepared on AISI 316L substrate by magnetron sputtering with various powers to investigate the influence of sputtering power on the microstructure and hardness of films. The crystalline structures and cross-sectional morphology of TiB2films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), respectively. The hardness was measured by nano-indentation. XRD patterns showed that the preferred orientation of TiB2films transferred from (100) to (001) with the increase of power. It can be observed that each film processed homogeneous by the cross-sectional images. The hardness of films varied from 21 to 32 GPa depending on the value of power. The enhancement of hardness may be attributed to the effect of the residual stress state and the microstructure of films. Furthermore, the effects of power on hardness of TiB2films were discussed in details.
Preparation of Porous Ceramics Using Different Pore-Forming Agents
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wen Chao Kai
Published: March 2013

In this study, porous ceramics having cordierite crystalline phases were made from kaolin, talc and α-alumina at 1200 °C for 1 h. Coal powders and starch were used as pore-forming materials, respectively. Physical and chemical properties and microstructure of two samples were studied. The study results indicate that the pores of starch samples are homogeneous. Compared to coal powders samples, the porosity of starch samples is higher, but the bending strength is lower than that of coal powders samples.
Influence of Amount of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Mechanical Properties of Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Hou Min , Li Lang , Dong Jiang Feng , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the experimental results of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube columns prepared with different amount of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) subjected to axial loading. The recycled coarse aggregates are obtained from the earthquake waste in Sichuan. Based on the studying of the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate, the mechanical property of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with five concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% RCA respectively are prepared. The behaviour of the circular solid steel tube columns are studied in terms of the load carrying capacity, ductility and strain response under axial compressive loading in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of RCA and RAC. The results show that the steel tube column gives lower ultimate bearing capacities when the RCA were added. However, no obvious difference on the failure modes were found between the steel tube columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete and normal concrete.
Safety Verification of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beam in the Fire by Applying CFD
Authors: Lin Cherng Shing , Yu Chia Chun , Chen Te Chi , Wang Shih Cheng , Peng Chian Yu
Published: March 2013

Advanced countries have adopted performance-based protective design to evaluate safety of buildings for building’s function of fire protection. And they have employed technology of fire protection engineering and quantified data of theoretical numerical model to create an even more flexible evaluation method for building’s fire protection. Buildings suffered varied degree of attack from elevated temperature and thermal radiation, which leads to changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties, might result in considerable damage to the buildings and their structure. Such damage threatens populace life. This paper uses FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software to analyze thermal flow field of fire. The temperature boundary condition of simulation results are then entered in the CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) software PHOENICS to calculate internal temperature and mechanical property of the beam. This study also integrates related experimental literatures as auxiliary to calculate thermal transmission and strength. Purpose of the above is to investigate elevated temperature and reduction of mechanical property, as well as verify safety of structure.
Simulation and Analysis on Mechanical Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam Undergoing a Fire
Authors: Lin Cherng Shing , Chen Te Chi , Yu Chia Chun , Wang Shih Cheng
Published: March 2013

Reinforced concrete is a common structure in buildings in Taiwan. Steel bars, concrete materials and the structural strength of the reinforced concrete deteriorate due to high temperature deriving from a fire. Therefore, it is essential to assess its structural safety and analyze whether the architectural structure will remain its design strength undergoing a fire. This study employs Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS), fire simulation software, to construct model of thermal flow field. By integrating FDS with PHOENICS, thermal flow software, this study also calculates the effect of the fire’s thermal transmission on the building, investigates the effect of the fire size and the mode the beam undergoing a fire on change of the structural strength, and provides quantified data for safety assessment for buildings which have undergone fires.
Spatial Heterogeneity Induced Antispiral Wave and Spatiotemporal Coherence Resonance
Authors: Lv Li Qiang , Ji Lin
Published: March 2013

Spiral wave is an important dynamic behavior in several physiological signaling processes, such as the cardiac fibrillation. Since antispiral wave recently been discovered in microemulsion system, it has been intensively studied and discussed. In this work, we find that the spatial noise induced heterogeneity in homogenous system may also induce antispiral formation. Quantitative characterization prove spatiotemporal coherence resonance phenomenon appears, and spatiotemporal noise is more favorable to optimally sustain the antispirals.
Preparation of Cementitious Material with High Dosage of Low-Alkalinity Steel Slag
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Li Guo Zhong
Published: March 2013

Low-alkalinity steel slag was mixed with FGD gypsum to make the gypsum based cementing material of low-alkalinity steel slag, by adding some appropriate activators. Mechanism of each component was discussed. Results show that, when steel slag-to-FGD gypsum is 1, the initial setting time is greatly shortened to 6min and the final to 9min. Flexural strengths of 2h, 1d and 7d are followed with 2.21MPa, 2.03MPa and 3.59MPa, while the compressive of 2h, 1d and 7d are 5.06MPa, 4.70MPa and 12.55MPa.
Energy Consumption Analysis and Comprehensive Optimization in Oil Pipeline System
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Yang , Zhao Jian , Wei Li Xin
Published: March 2013

By three-link modal, the energy consumption pattern of oil pipeline system was divided into the energy conversion process, transmission process and technological utilization process. The mathematical model of energy consumption analysis and scheme optimization of pipeline system were established. And on the basis of .Net platform, with the OLE DB database connection technology, The software of energy consumption analysis and comprehensive optimization of oil pipeline system was developed which can be used as a tool to help the pipeline manager to manage the pipeline more effectively.
Research and Design of Intelligent Greenhouse Temperature Control System for Energy Saving
Authors: Wu Tao , Hu Chun Huai , Qin Rui , Chai Zhen Qiang
Published: March 2013

Temperature is related to various industries. A digital temperature control system is designed in this paper. This system hardware is composed of Freescale micro control unit, DS18B20 temperature sensor, 12864 liquid crystal display, alarm and drive circuit. The program is compiled in Freescale CodeWarrior integrated development environment. Experiment result states clearly that this system can monitor and display environment temperature in real-time and has alarm function. If the temperature is higher or lower than set value, the drive module starts to cool or warm. Some measures to save energy are adopted in this design. It has practical value.
Application of Kalman Filter Method Based on Water Level Factors in the Dam Deformation Forecast
Authors: Lu Fu Min , Li Jin
Published: March 2013

The deformation of the dam is looked upon as the function of the time and the water level , Taylor series are used to erect the functional relationship of the deformation to the time and the water level, the remainder term of Taylor series and the variation of coefficients of the second power of the variation of the time and the second power of the variation of the water level are looked upon as dynamic noises whose mathematical expectation are 0 to erect Kalman filter model and predict the deformation of the dam. An example of calculation shows that the fitted effect and the forecast effect of the model are better.
Local Equilibrium in the Dissolution Kinetics of Ag on Cu(111) Surface
Authors: Lin Min , Chen Xu , Li Xin Yi , Huang Chi , Li Yan Xiu , Wang Jiang Yong
Published: March 2013

The local equilibrium in the kinetic process of dissolution is addressed. The measured dissolution kinetic data of Ag on Cu(111) surface are well fitted by the modified Darken model. Using the obtained fitting parameters, the discontinuous transition of Ag surface concentration against the bulk concentration of the neighboring layers deduced from the local equilibrium model is quantitatively interpreted.
Preparation Test Study on High Strength Lightweight Concrete in Engineering Materials
Authors: Yu Xiao Qing , Lin Mao , Geng Guang Long , Li Yue Han , Jia Li
Published: March 2013

Low and easy brittle characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete tensile strength, shear strength, combined with high strength lightweight concrete requirements in the selection select strength Lytag, silica fume, superplasticizer material, preparationhigh strength lightweight aggregate concrete. Experimental study on the water-cement ratio, coarse aggregate rate ratio factors on the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete.
Research on the Machining Properties of Parashorea chinensis Wood for Engineering
Authors: Li Ning , Su Ning Chuan , Qiu Bing Fa , Zhong Yu Dao
Published: March 2013

In this paper, aiming to apply Parashorea chinensis to engineering, its machining properties (including planning, sanding, drilling, shaping, mortising and crosscutting) compared with Toona sinensis, were tested. Their properties were tested according to the criteria ASTM D1666-87 and the test on crosscutting was referred to the method established by New Zealand Forest Research Institute. The results shown: the machining properties of Parashorea chinensis and Toona sinensis in the planning, sanding, shaping and crosscutting show excellent; the mortising properties of Parashorea chinensis and Toona sinensis are separately fair and good; in the machining performance comprehensive evaluation system of full marks 50 points, the comprehensive marks of Parashorea chinensis is 45.6 points, better than Toona sinensi 43.7 points, which shows that it is a kind of excellent wooden-products material for engineering and can be used to product high-grade furniture and so on.
Problematic of Humidity Degradation of Plaster with Indoor Fresco Decoration in Romanesque Rotunda in Znojmo
Authors: Hnilica Ondřej , Plášek Josef
Published: March 2013

The paper is based on measured and approximated data of internal climate in Romanesque rotunda in Znojmo. It deals with degradation of indoor plaster with fresco decoration due to air humidity. The most probable conditions of internal climate are shown and evaluated in psychometrics chart. Therefore, it is possible to assume ways of plaster degradation from the obtained thermal-moisture conditions of the indoor climate.
Impact of Internal Thermal Insulation Systems on Static Behaviour of Exterior Walls
Authors: Pašek Jan
Published: March 2013

In general, in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic the inner insulation of cladding structures is an unsuitable solution to reduce heat loss of building by means of heat transfer. This statement is valid both in terms of building thermal techniques and also in terms of statics. Research focused on the hygrothermal regime of external walls insulated on the inside is very extensive. On the other hand, the systematic attention is not yet paid to detailed analysis of the consequences of such solution on the static behavior of the cladding structures. The paper focuses on analysis and evaluation of stress increase in external walls and adjacent structures caused by non-forced effects of temperature changes in the environment after the application of internal insulation.
Selected Problems of Renovated Apartment Buildings Entrances in Slovakia
Authors: Minarovičová Katarína , Dlhý Dušan
Published: March 2013

During the last decades, only a little attention has been given to the design and renovation of the entrances to residential buildings. Given underestimation of the problem in the design has resulted in a negative impact on both indoor building environment and aesthetics of the building. Recently, together with the renovation of external walls claddings (by application of additional thermal insulation and replacements of windows and doors) and upgrading and modernizing the installations services such as heating and plumbing systems, also the entrance construction components finds their place in the renovation process. This article analyses the problems connected with renovation of building entrances and summarizes information about the current efforts in engineering and architectural praxis.
Comparison of the Possibility of Using the Accumulation Underground Storage under Buildings
Authors: Partika Radek , Kalousek Miloš
Published: March 2013

The article focuses on a comparison of storage of heat energy to the underground soil tank located under the building or in the immediate vicinity. Effective utilization of surplus energy from solar radiation that would be stored in a tank under the buildings and subsequently used for an extended period of time is one of the factors that significantly related to the reduction of environmental burden, and elimination of non-renewable energy sources, especially fossil fuels.
Linear Thermal Transmittance of Holding Unit of Balcony Slab to External Wall
Authors: Rybakova Anna , Kalousek Miloš
Published: March 2013

The balcony is one of the main reasons of the increased heat loss. If the balcony construction is performed of a metal back slab it would be hardly possible to avoid the formation of a powerful thermal bridge that will go along the whole balcony length. This problem could be solved by the thermal isolation of the wall which is the balcony support or by carrying out an integral thermal isolation of both the wall and the balcony. In the article the estimation and comparison of the six possible variants of the construction thermal isolation has been carried out. With the help of the two-dimensional thermal field the linear thermal transmittance and the temperature in distinguished points have been found.
Thermodynamic Properties of Reflective Coatings
Authors: Čekon Miroslav
Published: March 2013

As a part of introducing new technologies and materials, reflective coatings are among many other materials ones, which have to be taken into account. This article presents the results of a comparative nature aiming to investigate the thermodynamic properties of selected reflective coatings on energy balance for periods of heating. In order to investigate their thermal performance at the external building surfaces dynamic outdoor testing was used. Two comparative coatings and reference standard facing coating were used for various samples. The measured data demonstrates that the representative coating consisting of hollow ceramic microspheres have the same thermodynamic properties as a standard facing coating, while the reflective coating have distinctive thermal performance effect depending on thermal insulation functions of measured samples.
Analysis of a New Expansive Soils Stabilization Method Made from Eco-Cement and Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Aniculaesi Mircea , Stanciu Anghel , Lungu Irina
Published: March 2013

The main factor that governs the shrink-swell behavior of expansive soils is the change in water content and the amount and type of clay size in the soil. In this paper, the research made are focused in reducing the swell potential of the studied clay by improvement in two ways: first by stabilization with a combination of eco-cement and Portland cement (1:1 ratio), and second by synthetic fiber reinforcement. A series of laboratory tests were performed on synthetic fiber reinforced expansive soil to determine the potential for using synthetic fiber reinforcement to reduce swell potential of soils. Specimens tested were prepared at two different synthetic fiber dosages 0.2% and 0.4%. The treatment of expansive clay with 5% eco-cement and 5% Portland cement revealed a better improvement of the swelling potential. The synthetic fiber reinforcement of the expansive soil doesn’t lead to a significant improvement of the soil.
Development of New Materials for Construction Sector Obtained from Renewable Resources
Authors: Aradoaei Sebastian Teodor , Mosneagu Mihaela , Darie Raluca , Constantinescu Gabriela
Published: March 2013

Article tries to highlight the advantages of using in construction area of composites materials obtained from recycled polyethylene and wood dust in the presence of compatibilizing agents. The composite materials have been evaluated in terms of dielectric properties and mechanical characteristics to take into account for the optimum materials structure. The advantage of composite materials made of plastic is that those can be designed in accordance with the formulas of composite plastic and technology to achieve high performance properties in a wide variety of commercial and residential construction applications.
Featuring Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Integration in Warm Mix Asphalt towards Roads Sustainable Development
Authors: Nicuţă Alina Mihaela
Published: March 2013

The evaluation of energy savings in the area of transport infrastructure entails a complex characterization of factors, attitudes and consequences. In the frame of energy saving approach, must be identified sustainable alternatives and solutions for road asphalt pavements production and exploitation. Finding innovative materials is one major objective in this process. In the present paper has been carried out an evaluation of the energetically and environmental benefits of warm mix asphalt (WMA) compositions that incorporate reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and their contribution to roads sustainable development. For a proper analysis and reliable results, have been used the Life Cycle Assessment methodology and asPECT software. WMA integrating RAP are known as energy – saving and environmentally friendly asphalt roads pavements. Analyzed in a comparative perspective with hot mix asphalt (HMA) incorporating RAP, WMA would gain in results due to the decrease in mixing and compaction temperature, energy consumption and emissions but also to the increase in durability, quality and performance. The results of this comparison intended to point out an alternative that would provide an increase in the sustainability of the transport infrastructure sector.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Straw Bales
Authors: Konečný Petr , Teslík Jiří , Hamala Michal
Published: March 2013

Straw bales can be used as a relatively cheap and ecological building material for buildings. Design of straw buildings is currently based on empirical knowledge although it would be very helpful to have more information about material properties for designing and realization of straw bales houses. Article discuses load - deformation behavior of straw bales in laboratory conditions and evaluate the modulus of elasticity of local straw bales. Deformation characteristics of straw bales can be very useful for the design of straw buildings.
Use of Recycled Materials in the Construction of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Pavements
Authors: Muscalu Marius Teodor , Radu Andrei , Budescu Mihai , Ţăranu Nicolae , Florescu Eugen
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the results of laboratory studies, undertaken by the authors, in the frame of 4D-POSTDOC research program :"Innovative technologies and logistical solutions for the reuse of demolition and construction waste in the construction of cement concrete and fiber reinforced cement concrete pavements". After the presentation of the main objectives of this research program, and of the specific characteristics of the demolition wastes investigated in parallel with those of conventional construction materials, the possibility of using these materials for the preparation of the roller compacted concrete (RCC) is investigated. Finally, conclusions on the influence of recycled aggregates and recycled steel fibers on the mechanical performances of RCC and technical recommendations for the use of this more efficient material and of the involved technology for the construction of sustainable road infrastructures are formulated.
Airtightness of Buildings in Slovakia
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Nemec Maros , Kamenský Martin
Published: March 2013

The actual trend of civil engineering leads to quality improving of housing and to saving of all participated energies. Airtightness of buildings´ envelope constructions has an important job in the point of view of energy savings and energy economy. Undesirable air flow occurs through joints, cracks and leaks in building envelopes. It has a significant influence to final quality of an indoor environment and energy demands and needs of warmth for heating resulting from it. The paper presents results of chosen airtightness measurements made in family and apartment buildings in the Slovak Republic, the achieved level of airtightness by various construction systems and outer walls, as well as which impact for air changes has location and selection of materials used for airtightness layer in the construction of outer walls at pressure difference of 50 Pa (n50).
Comparing Methods for Calculating Thermal Stability of Rooms
Authors: Slávik Richard , Kalousek Miloš
Published: March 2013

The main idea of the article compares methods for the calculation of thermal stability of rooms in wintertime. The article is focused on comparison of an analytical and a numerical method on the sample room and specification of their differences. The main advantage of the analytical method is calculation in arbitrary time from a steady state without calculation of some previous steps. However, the method doesn’t allow a great variability of composition of constructions. The numerical methods depend on previous steps of the calculation, therefore they require many calculations with little time steps. It enables to define of some complex compositions of constructions and complex modelling of an internal state in the room and its changes in time. The determination of difference rate for different methods will verify their suitability for calculation.
Comparison of Temperatures in the Corner of Wall Footing through 2D and 3D Views
Authors: Pospíšil Tomáš , Pěnčík Jan
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with numerical modeling of four different wall footing details with the floor above the ground in 2D and 3D temperature field. Then compares the temperature in the corner of the numerical models in 2D and 3D displayed in graphs.
Assessing the Risk Relative to Indoor Environment Quality in Education Buildings
Authors: Codreanu Mihai Eugen P. , Hapurne Tania , Baran Irina , Bliuc Irina
Published: March 2013

The study involves the risk factors analysis for indoor environment quality in education buildings with high occupancy, in terms of the occupants’ vulnerability, but also in terms of the effects of environmental factors on the constructive elements. Integrated risk assessment methodology for environment quality has to establish clear assessment methods, verification and validation of models, identifying factors that influence the environment quality and the possibility of improving their effects. This paper presents the application results of risk assessment methodology concerning the health and intellectual performance of occupants caused by indoor environmental quality for an education building. Are taken into account the results obtained from systematic measurements, over a specified period, of higrothermal parameters and of CO2 content in atmosphere, in a classroom. The analysis conclusions allow some recommending solutions for the risk reduction through constructive measures and improvement of way it is used.
Simultaneous Removal of SOx and NOx in Flue Gas at Power Stations over a Cu/Na-13X Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Hai Tao , Wu Tao , He Jun , Kingman Sam , Shi Kai Qi , Shen Di , Zhang Yi Yun
Published: March 2013

Due to their significant impacts on the environment and health, there has been a growing environmental concern on sulfur oxide (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions to the atmosphere in the past two decades. Flue gas at coal-fired power stations is one of the main sources for the emissions of SOxand NOx. More and more stringent regulations on the emission of these pollutants come in force, which have put a high pressure on coal-fired power generators. Cost-effective and sustainable technologies for the reduction of such pollutants from flue gas have become increasingly important nowadays. However, even though numerous attempts have been made aiming at developing technologies for the removal of SOxand NOx, not much effort has been made on the simultaneous conversion of NOxand SOxin flue gas via selective catalytic reduction. This paper presents the study of simultaneous removal of SO2and NO over a synthesized Cu/Na-13X zeolite catalyst using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. The characterization of fresh and spent catalysts was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analyser. The experiments on the selective reduction of SO2and NO were carried out using a multi-functional catalyst testing rig with an online flue gas analyser. It has been found that zeolite has a good capability of SO2adsorption even under elevated temperatures. The removal efficiency was found to be 100% for SO2and 89% for NO over a Cu/Na-13X zeolite catalyst.
Magnetic Field-Induced Granular Pearlite at Early Stages of Phase Transformation
Authors: Zhou Xiao Ling , Han Ke , Ren Zhong Ming , Li Zeng
Published: March 2013

ffects of high magnetic fields (HMF) up to 19.81T on pearlite phase transformation are studied by examination of the microstructures of a Fe-0.47C-2.3Si-3.2Mn (wt %) alloy partially isothermally processed above the eutectoid temperature. The results show that granular pearlite (GP) can be obtained at earlier transformation stages. The evolution of the granular pearlite is always accompanied by the formation of lamellar pearlite. TEM analysis reveals the existence of sub-grain boundaries within GP colonies and indicates that the nucleation of ferrite matrix in GP belongs to multiple nucleation mechanism. Most of carbides at the early stage of pearlite formation are found to precipitate at the α/γ interface--the growing front of ferrite phases, and some of coarse carbides can further develop into thin lamellar cementite.
Stress Relaxation of Ion Exchanged Float Aluminosilicate Glass at Different Temperature
Authors: Jiang Liang Bao , Li Xiao Yu , Guo Xin Tao , Li Lei , Zhang Guan Li , Yan Yue
Published: March 2013

The effect of the annealing temperature (390°C, 410 °Cand 430°C) on the stress relaxation of air side and tin side of ion exchanged glasses was investigated. The annealing time dependence of stress at different temperature can be well fitted by a second order exponential function. The stress relaxation rate on tin side is larger than air side at the ion exchange temperature (410°C) or below (390°C) but smaller above the ion exchange temperature (430°C). The depths of stress layer (DOL) of all ion exchanged glasses increase with the increasing of annealing time and the DOL on air side is always larger than tin side. These provide useful information for subsequent treatment of ion exchanged glasses.
Structural and Electronic Properties of ZnO NANOCLUSTERs: A B3LYP DFT Study
Authors: Pandey D.K. , Yadav P.S. , Agrawal S. , Agrawal B.K.
Published: March 2013

An ab initio B3LYP-DFT/6-311G(3df) study has been performed for the stability, structural and electronic properties of forty ZnmOn(m + n = p = 2 to 4) nanoclusters. We also consider the zero point energy correction. The nanoclusters containing large number of strongly electronegative O atoms for p = 3 and 4 are found to be most stable as compared to the other nanoclusters of the same configuration. The most stable clusters have linear or planer structures and not the three dimensional ones. The observed trend of decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap with the size of the nanocluster is in conformity with the quantum confined behavior.
Experimental Methods of Synthesis of Nano-/Macro Mineral Materials
Authors: Kuzyura Anastasia , Setkova Tatiana , Chareev Dmitriy , Spivak Anna , Kozlyakova Ekaterina , Osadchii Valentin , Voronin Mikhail , Osadchii Evgeniy
Published: March 2013

This work is devoted to development of synthesis methods of nano- and macrofunctional materials for industry, electronics, and modern science and technology. The authors have developed advanced methods of obtaining various carbon, silicate and chalcogenide materials by melt and hydrothermal methods with using of optimized chemical and thermodynamic parameters of synthesis. As a result a new super hard material - carbonate-synthetic diamond polycrystals were obtained. Nanodiamonds were synthesized by direct conversion of graphite into diamond. New species of macro- and fine crystalline piezoelectric tourmaline containing 3d-elements were produced by hydrothermal method. Using a ﬂux technique the single crystals of different chalcogenide phase with unique superconducting properties were grown.
Analysis on the Corrosion Failure of MDS Mine Multistage Centrifugal Pump Impeller
Authors: Zhang Xiang , You Wen Ming , Zhou Yi Jun , Li Yong Sheng , Qiu Sheng Jie
Published: March 2013

This paper carried out composition test, metallurgical analysis and water samples test of work environment for the centrifugal pump impeller material which experiences corrosion failure. Then combined with the scanning electron microscope and spectroscopy analysis of the fracture morphology, it conducted XRF analysis for the corrosion material to study the unsuccessful corrosion of MDS multistage centrifugal pump impeller in coal mine well water with alkalescence. The researches show that washout of solid - liquid composite phase leads to the serious erosion of pump impeller. The turbulence corrosion and cavitation are the main reasons which cause unsuccessful corrosion of this pump, while the organization defections such as dendritic graphite and binary phosphorus eutectic are important factors that lead to the severe local corrosion of impeller. Moreover, the corresponding prevention measures are proposed.
Comparative Study on Multiobjective Power Unit Coordinated Control Problem via Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Zaharn Zain , Shi Rui Feng , Liu Xiang Jie
Published: March 2013

Power unit coordinated control (PUCC) problem was being focused by many optimizers as a serious task to be tackled in several aspects. Through this paper differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are implemented to solve the PUCC problem. With considering four objectives to be optimized: minimization of tracking error in load power demand, fuel consumption, throttling losses due to steam control valve, and feeding water. Simulation experiments are made through case-study by aid of MATLAB programs to develop the required comparison through the two algorithms.
The Research of Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Based on Efficiency Optimization
Authors: Min Zun Nan , Zhang Xiao Feng , Zhong Ting Jian
Published: March 2013

Starting from the space vector equations of induction motor, it is deduced space vector equations of induction motor based on iron loss, and calculated the flux equation of optimal loss in determining the output of the speed and torque. by the optimal flux control, improving direct torque control system, the simulation is verified feasibility.
Bracing Systems for Seismic and Wind Performance of Tall Buildings
Authors: Kim Dong Keon , Hu Jong Wan
Published: March 2013

Occurrence of frequency of earthquakes around the world has been increased including Sendai earthquake in Japan and magnitude of earthquake has also increased. Recently, many tall buildings using local seismic codes can be exposed to the risk of an earthquake and wind. Also, some buildings, which was planned to be built, were foundered as a result of lack of finance. Therefore, for tall buildings, structural safety such as earthquake and wind resistant performance, and financing issue are very important to progress the huge project. So we need to find another optimum alternative other than damping devices and base isolation system. In this study, four types of test specimens are used, which are fifty-story base tall building, tall building that was reinforced with diagonal brace, x-brace, and Chevron brace. And all of these cases, are subjected to the seismic load and wind load, finally analyzed and compared for seismic and wind performances.
The Role of Facade Angle in Gaining Solar Energy (Case Study: Iran, Bandar-Abbas)
Authors: Shaliamini Vahid , Matin Mehrdad , Ghaedi Hojat
Published: March 2013

Iran is recognized as one of the largest fossil fuel reserve resources in the world, but it is also suffering from mismanaged consumption. The consequences of this mismanagement have been considered in Iran during recent years and authorities have raised concerns about it. Identification of the optimized orientation and tilt angle for roofs in BandarAbbas -South of Iran- in order to achieve the maximum daytime ray gain by photovoltaic cells is the main purpose of this paper. This paper makes a comparison in three types of facade angles in BandarAbbas (90 °, 80 ° and 70 °). The results show that 70 ° facade is the most efficient wall in order to gain energy in BandarAbbas.
Electrochemical Studies on Photoactively Conducting Poly(4-aminoazobenzene) Coating: Electrochromic Property
Authors: Huang Hsiu Ying , Lin Jui Chi , Yeh Jui Ming , Chou Yi Chen
Published: March 2013

In this study, we present the first electrochemical investigation on the electrochromic property of poly (4-aminoazobenzene) coating prepared by oxidative coupling polymerization. A UV-vis spectrum was used to monitor the photoisomerization process of the polymer. At the same time, the electrochemical activity of the polymer was explored by cyclic voltammogram (CV) measurement, showing that the intrinsic electroactivity of the aniline structure was maintained in the polymer. Moreover, the electrochromic performance of the polymer was investigated by measuring electrochromic photographs and UV absorption spectra.
Development of Concretes with Resistance to High Temperatures in the Czech Republic and Surrounding European Countries
Authors: Bodnárová Lenka , Zach Jiri , Hroudová Jitka , Válek Jaroslav
Published: March 2013

The resistance of concrete constructions to high temperatures at present is a much monitored issue for many scientific teams and experts in the stated area. This fact is mainly caused by fatal consequences originating in the case when concrete constructions are loaded by the effect of fire and consequent loss of their load-bearing capacity, for the population and the environment of our planet, in which we live in. The development of society goes hand in hand with the development of new building materials and as a consequence the requirements for building constructions increase which bring about extraordinary strict regulations in the area of fire safety. So, many high, non-traditional or specific constructions originate, e.g. nuclear power plants due to permanently higher demand for transport linkage and many tunnels have originated between European countries as a result. Unfortunately, in this relation the threat of terrorist attacks increases and unexpected natural disasters which also threaten the stability of the mentioned constructions. The objective of the article is to familiarize readers with the results of research concerning the improvement of the resistance of the concrete to high temperatures originated during fire instances.
Strength and Permeation Properties of Slag Blended Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Partha Sarathi Deb , Pradip Nath , Prabir Kumar Sarker
Published: March 2013

Geopolymer is a binder that can act as an alternative of Portland cement. Geopolymers use by-product substances such as fly ash, and can help reduce carbon dioxide emission of concrete production. This paper presents the results of a study on the fly ash based geopolymer concrete suitable for curing at ambient temperature. To activate the fly ash, a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions was used. The setting and hardening of geopolymer concrete were obtained by blending blast furnace slag with fly ash instead of using heat curing. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was used at the rate of 10% or 20 % of the total binder. The tests conducted include compressive strength, tensile strength, flexure strength, sorptivity and volume of permeable voids (VPV) test. The geopolymer concrete compressive strength at 28 days varied from 27 to 47 MPa. Results indicated that the strength increased and water absorption decreased with the increase of the slag content in the geopolymer concrete. In general, blending of slag with fly ash in geopolymer concrete improved strength and permeation properties when cured in ambient temperature.
Raman Spectral Analysis of Particulates of Diesel Engine with DOC and CDPF After-Treatment Devices
Authors: Ma Zhi Hao , Chao Ying , Li Lei , Xu Bin , Xu Xin , Ma Fan Hua
Published: March 2013

In order to study the effect of the after-treatment devices on the diesel engine particulates, a series of measurements were conducted. The after-treatment systems were an oxidation catalyst and two different catalytic contents of CDPFs. In this study, the effects of DOC and CDPFs on particulates were investigated by Raman spectra in order to clarify the composition and structure of the particulates. The results show that the Raman spectra of particulates are all made up of five peaks, while the Raman shift of the peaks observed no obvious change. The two groups of CDPFs led to the same increased trend of ID2/IG and ID4/IG, while the contrary trend of ID1/IG,, ID3/IG and IALL/IG, indicating that different catalytic effect changing the process of structure and components of the particulates. While after DOC+CDPFs, the ratios of ID1/IG, ID2/IG, ID1/IG, ID4/IG and IALL/IGare all increased, this indicates that DOC also has certain effect on the degree of graphitization, but more organic compounds are formed after DOC+CDPFs, that is, the reactivity of particulates increases.
Effect of Rotating Tool Electrode on Machining of Titanium Alloy Using Electric Discharge Machining
Authors: Uthirapathi A. , Singaravelu D. Lenin
Published: March 2013

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a well established non-conventional machining process used for machining complex and hard material parts that are difficult to machine by conventional machining process. The non-contact machining process has been continuously evolving from a mere tool and dies making process to a micro-scale application machining alternative attracting a significant amount of research interests. In recent years various research have been done to increase the material removal rate (MRR) and reduction in tool wear rate (TWR). Despite a range of different approaches, the objectives of the present work is to achieve more efficient metal removal coupled with reduction in tool wear rate and comparing these values for a stationary electric discharge machine (EDM) and a rotary electric discharge machine (rotary EDM) by using certain parameters for machining of Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) work piece and using six different commercially available tools namely Copper, Brass, Tungsten Carbide, Aluminium, Austenitic Stainless Steel 304L and Austenitic Stainless Steel 316.
Tribological Properties of Cr Coating Lubricated with Different Lubricants
Authors: Feng Xin , Ge Xiang Yu
Published: March 2013

In this paper, Cr coatings were prepared onto AISI 1045 steel substrates using medium frequency magnetic sputtering process, and were analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Five kinds of lubricants were chosen and evaluated as lubricants for Cr coatings/AISI 52100 steel contacts at room temperature. The tribological properties of the lubricants were investigated using a ball-on-disk type UMT reciprocating friction tester. The results indicated that the 1-ethyl-3-hexylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P206) ILs has excellent friction-reducing properties, the friction coefficient kept at a relatively stable value of 0.036, however pure liquid paraffin has the lowest wear volume value. The Cr coatings using different lubricants show different tribology properties. The worn surfaces of Cr coatings were observed and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Disinfection of Municipal Wastewater Using ZnO Nanofluids
Authors: Zhang Ling Ling , Liu Xiao Ming , Chen Bo , Li Zi Fu
Published: March 2013

Due to the rapid elevation of health standards and the limit water resources, disinfection has become a challenging aspect for wastewater treatment. This work uses ZnO nanofluids as disinfection for municipal wastewater treatment. The effects of concentration, the presence of light, treatment time and induction of ultrasound are examined. The results reveal that ZnO nanofluids show the potential to be disinfection. With higher concentration of ZnO, the presence of light, longer treatment time and the induction of ultrasound, ZnO nanofluids showed better disinfection efficiency against wastewater.