bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dealing with uncertainty in sensorimotor control in sports: A systematic review
Authors: Beck Damian , Zahno Stephan , Hossner Ernst-Joachim
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In complex sensorimotor behavior, uncertainty arises from ambiguity in the sensory inputs of the environment (e.g. Kersten et al., 2004) as well as from noise in sensory detection and motor execution (e.g. Todorov & Jordan, 2002). Moreover, the observable sensory inputs are delayed and there are typically multiple solutions to solve a motor task (e.g. Franklin & Wolpert, 2011). In sports, where human capacity reaches its limit with these challenges, dealing with uncertainty is crucial. Thus, the question arises how humans are able to deal with uncertainty in sensorimotor control in naturalistic situations such as sports.

Methods

A systematic search for original articles was conducted in six scientific databases with the following terms: (uncertainty OR noise) AND (sensor* OR motor) AND control AND sport AND movement. After independently screening 4,309 articles and additional reference lists by two raters, 70 articles remained for the review.

Results

There is clear evidence that prior knowledge (or similar contextual information) and multiple sensory information affect perception, action and performance. Moreover, there is considerable evidence that prior knowledge and multiple sensory information get integrated according to their reliability in order to reduce uncertainty. Furthermore, it has been reported that gaze behavior is close to the optimal compared to an optimal Bayesian observer in an expected and unexpected uncertain environment. There is also considerable evidence that not all variables have to be controlled and rather uncertainty is accepted in variables that do not impair overall performance. Some findings show that inherent noise is taken into account when planning motor execution so that the potential costs and rewards of the movement outcome are optimized. Finally, some findings show that unforeseen perturbation can be absorbed by means of higher muscle stiffness resulting from muscular co-contraction.

Discussion

The strategies to deal with uncertainty mentioned in the results section can be summarized under the umbrella of Bayesian decision theory (Franklin & Wolpert, 2011). Only a few alternative models were referenced that, however, were conceptually quite similar to Bayesian models. Therefore, Bayesian decision theory seems to offer a promising framework for future research on uncertainty in sensorimotor control in sport science.

References

Franklin, D. W., & Wolpert, D. M. (2011). Computational mechanisms of sensorimotor control. Neuron, 72(3), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.006

Kersten, D., Mamassian, P., & Yuille, A. (2004). Object perception as Bayesian inference. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 271-304. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142005

Todorov, E., & Jordan, M. I. (2002). Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination. Nature Neuroscience, 5(11), 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn963
Short term outcome of treatment with percutaneous cross Kirschner wires in paediatric distal humeral metaphyseal diaphyseal junction fractures
Authors: Qureshi Shahzad Anver , Ahmad Irfan , Masood Faisal , Raza Javed Hassan , Nadeem Rana Dilawaiz , Nadeem Aliza , Chaudhary Danial Ilahi , Taqi Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue, comprising <1% of all the tumours of the human body and represent the second most common type of solid tumours in children and adolescents. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment, supported by multimodal therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Resource-limited countries, like Pakistan, face additional challenges due to inadequate resources. This study presents the experience of management of soft tissue sarcomas presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Central Lahore.

Patients and Methods: This was an observational study conducted in Surgical Unit I of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from January 2017 till June 2022. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) resection classification was applied. Surgical treatment including R0, R1 and R2 resections were carried out. SPSS 23 version was used for statistical analysis of collected data.

Results: A total of 36 patients; 24 male (66.7%) and 12 females (33.3%) were included. Anatomical site involvement was observed as 23 (63.8%) limb sarcomas and 13 (36.1%) trunk sarcomas. Out of 36 patients, 20 (55.6%) patients were staged as stage II, 11 (30.5%) patients as stage III and 5 (13.9%) as stage I. Total 17 (47.2%) patients underwent wide excision, 13 (36.1%) patients underwent limited excision, 4 (11.1%) patients underwent compartmental excision and 2 (5.6%) patients underwent palliative excision. 

Conclusion: Thigh was the commonest site of involvement in extremity sarcomas. Retroperitoneal sarcomas were most frequent among trunk tumours. Leiomyosarcoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis followed by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Most of the patients presented with stage II disease.

Keywords: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Presentation, Resection, Histology, Outcome
The Prevalence of Bimaxillary Protrusion in Ethnic Malay, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Muttaqin Zulfan , Lina Hadi  , Widia Hirdayanti
Published: February 2023

Background: Malocclusion is a deviation from the normal position of the teeth when the jaw is closed. The bimaxillary protrusion is the most prominent or most common of Angle's class I malocclusions. This study aimed to determine and present the prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion disorder in ethnic Malays adolescents in Medan, Indonesia.

Methods: Descriptive observational study. A total of 35 research subjects were included in this study. An exploration of bimaxillary protrusion disorders was also carried out, and an exploration of demographic data was also carried out. Univariate analysis was carried out to determine the frequency distribution of each test variable with the help of SPSS version 25 software.

Results: The majority of study subjects had bimaxillary protrusion angle class I malocclusion, namely 22 people (62.9%), while only 13 respondents (37.1%) had no bimaxillary protrusion malocclusion. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion abnormalities in the Malay ethnicity is quite high, namely 62.9%.

Conclusion: The prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion disorders in ethnic Malay is 62.9%.
Comparison of Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis for Classification of Multicollinearity Data
Authors: Araveeporn Autcha
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study is to concentrate on the classification method of the logistic regression and the discriminant analysis by using the simulation dataset and the liver patients as the actual data. These datasets are used the binary dependent variable depending on the correlated independent variables or called multicollinearity data. The standard classification method is logistic regression, which uses the logit function’s probability to conduct the dichotomous dependent variable. The iteration process can be solved to estimate logit function parameters and explain the relationship between a dependent binary variable and independent variables. Discriminant analysis is a powerful classification based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and regularized discriminant analysis (RDA). These methods consider the decision boundaries by building a classifier model on the multivariate normal distribution. LDA defines the standard covariance matrix, but QDA has an individual covariance matrix. RDA extends from QDA by setting the regularized parameter to estimate the covariance matrix. In the case of the simulation study, the independent variables are generated by defining the constant correlation on the multivariate normal distribution that made the multicollinearity problem. Then the binary response variable can be approximated from the logit function. For application to actual data, we expressed the classification of type liver and non-liver patients as the dependent variables and obtained patient personal information on the nine independent variables. The highest average percentage of accuracy determines the performance of these methods. The results have shown that the logistic regression was successful when using small independent variables, but the RDA performed when using large independent variables.
Continuous-Time Markov Decision Problems with Binary State
Authors: Brambilla Chiara , Grosset Luca , Sartori Elena
Published: February 2023

We analyse a binary state continuous-time Markov decision problem. The standard Hamilton–Jacobi– Bellman equation is introduced and, with suitable assumptions on the probability rate and on the cost function, it can be replaced by a simpler backward differential equation. Through a numerical example, we show how to find an optimal feedback control using the results presented in this paper.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МАЛОГО АГРАРНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Гуменюк М. М. , Неміш Д. В.
Published: February 2023

У статті досліджено теоретичні засади ефективності виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції малими аграрними підприємствами. За результатами проведеного дослідження встановлено, що сукупність показників, за якими оцінюють ефективність малих аграрних підприємств, доцільно градувати за видами ефективності. Визначено групи показників, які необхідно використовувати під час оцінки економічної, технологічної, соціальної й екологічної ефективності малого аграрного підприємництва. Оцінено динаміку рівня економічної ефективності суб’єктів малого аграрного підприємництва. Визначено основні проблеми забезпечення ефективного функціонування малих фермерських господарств і зазначено переваги розвитку малого аграрного підприємництва.
Condemning Fair Market Value: An Appraisal of Eminent Domain's Just Compensation
Authors: Boldt Paige
Published: February 2023

Part II of this Comment discusses the origins and development of eminent domain in the United States and Texas as well as briefly exploring the judicial developments in the interpretation of public use in the United States and Texas. As discussed below, case law has articulated the breadth of the public use definition to include utility and development plans that are for public purposes. This breadth and delegation of authority encompasses a wider range of property that may be taken than originally conceived without any sort of balancing growth in protection for landowners. Part II also discusses the origins, modern development and process of compensating landowners for their condemned property.
Part III analyzes the fair market value calculation of just compensation and its failure to adequately compensate landowners. It then suggests methods that Texas could employ to establish an improved balance between the power of the state to condemn land and the financial well-being of targeted property owners. This comment recommends legislation to include relocation costs to a comparable dwelling as part of a displaced homeowners "adequate compensation" to put them in the same pecuniary position they were in before the condemnation proceedings. This comment also suggests Texas tax legislation to roll the effective date of a residence property tax exemption designed to freeze elderly or disabled landowner's property taxes to the landowner's new residence after eminent domain displacement. This would not only provide calculable, subjective compensation not available by fair market value but also maintain stable economic circumstances for a particularly susceptible group of citizens. This Comment then also recommends harkening back to the early American Mill Acts, which granted private entities the ability to use another's land for a public purpose but required the landowners to be compensated an additional fifty percent of their damages. This extra (or debatably equal) compensation is a way to restrain private eminent domain authorities since they do not have public oversight of their actions and work as a tax on the coercive ability to take the land of another. Re- quiring private entities to pay more for land they take will reduce the number of private entity takings, while still allowing for productive development. Additionally, providing more than fair market value to condemnees would more accurately compensate for the true costs of a forced relocation and thus reduce the incentives of the property owner to litigate or otherwise oppose the taking.
All three recommendations focus on the just compensation needed to place landowners in the same pecuniary position they would have been prior to condemnation and serve as a meaningful safeguard to rebalance the equity of eminent domain to its origins.
Identification and determination of the absolute configuration of amorph-4-en-10β-ol, a cadinol-type sesquiterpene from the scent glands of the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris
Authors: Ladwig Angelique , Kroll Markus , Schulz Stefan
Published: February 2023

Hyperolid reed frogs are one of the few families of Anurans known to possess glands that emit volatile compounds used in chemical communication. Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, a model species, possesses a gular gland on its vocal sac that emits chemicals, and sends visual and auditory signals during calling. Previous investigations have shown that the glandular compounds are typically macrocyclic lactones. However, in this work, we show that another major constituent of the male specific gland is (10R,1S,6R,7R,10R)-amorph-4-ene-10β-ol [(1R,4R,4aR,8aS)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol]. This compound was synthesized for the first time and has the opposite configuration to amorph-4-ene-10β-ol known from plants. A short synthesis using an organocatalytic approach through a tandem Mannich/intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction led to a mixture of cadinols, which was used for the assignment of the natural cadinol structures and their stereoisomers.
Core Family Values as Correlate of Juvenile Involvement in Internet Fraud in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ulo Edafe , Jike Teddy Victor
Published: February 2023

The study examined core family values as correlate of juvenile involvement in internet fraud in Delta state, Nigeria. A comprehensive background of the study amongst others was examined that discussed the problem of the study. Several related literature was reviewed in line with the sub-themes of the study that examined the family values in Nigeria, Family Factors Influencing Juvenile Involvement in Crime, internet fraud and types of internet fraud and Causes of Internet Fraud among Juvenile. The research design adopted for the study was the correlational survey design. This was applied through the use of the questionnaire and in-depth interview; the research instrument used for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to sample of 591 respondents and 24 respondents for in-depth interview through the use of multi-stage sampling method that was employed to randomly select respondents. The descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation technique were used to analyze the data obtained from the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the descriptive data comprising the bio-data in frequencies and percentages while the hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study concluded that the lower the level of core family values, the higher the juvenile involvement in internet fraud and vice versa. This was the basis upon which contribution to knowledge and recommendations were put forward for further studies.
The Solar System Notification Alert Processing System (SNAPS): Design, Architecture, and First Data Release (SNAPShot1)
Authors: Trilling David E. , Gowanlock Michael , Kramer Daniel , McNeill Andrew , Donnelly Brian , Butler Nat , Kececioglu John
Published: February 2023

We present here the design, architecture, and first data release for the Solar System Notification Alert Processing System (SNAPS). SNAPS is a solar system broker that ingests alert data from all-sky surveys. At present, we ingest data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public survey, and we will ingest data from the forthcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) when it comes online. SNAPS is an official LSST downstream broker. In this paper we present the SNAPS design goals and requirements. We describe the details of our automatic pipeline processing in which the physical properties of asteroids are derived. We present SNAPShot1, our first data release, which contains 5,458,459 observations of 31,693 asteroids observed by ZTF from 2018 July to 2020 May. By comparing a number of derived properties for this ensemble to previously published results for overlapping objects we show that our automatic processing is highly reliable. We present a short list of science results, among many that will be enabled by our SNAPS catalog: (1) we demonstrate that there are no known asteroids with very short periods and high amplitudes, which clearly indicates that in general asteroids in the size range 0.3–20 km are strengthless; (2) we find no difference in the period distributions of Jupiter Trojan asteroids, implying that the L4 and L5 clouds have different shape distributions; and (3) we highlight several individual asteroids of interest. Finally, we describe future work for SNAPS and our ability to operate at LSST scale.
ALMA Fragmented Source Catalog in Orion (FraSCO). I. Outflow Interaction within an Embedded Cluster in OMC-2/FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5
Authors: Sato Asako , Takahashi Satoko , Ishii Shun , Ho Paul T. P. , Machida Masahiro N. , Carpenter John , A. Zapata Luis , Teixeira Paula Stella , Suri Sümeyye
Published: February 2023

We present a high-angular resolution (∼1″) and wide-field (

2

.′

9
×
1

.′

9

) image of the 1.3 mm continuum, CO(J = 2–1) and SiO(J = 5–4) line emissions toward an embedded protocluster, FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5, in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We identify 51 continuum sources, 36 of which are newly identified in this study. Their dust masses, projected sizes, and H2 gas number densities are estimated to be 3.8 × 10−5–1.1 × 10−2
M
⊙, 290–2000 au, and 6.4 × 106–3.3 × 108 cm−3, respectively. The results of a Jeans analysis show that ∼80% of the protostellar sources and ∼15% of the prestellar sources are gravitationally bound. We identify 12 molecular outflows traced in the CO(J = 2–1) emission, six of which are newly detected. We spatially resolve shocked gas structures traced by the SiO(J = 5–4) emission in this region for the first time. We identify shocked gas originating from outflows and other shocked regions. These results provide direct evidence of an interaction between dust condensation, FIR 4, and an energetic outflow driven by HOPS-370 located within FIR 3. A comparison of the outflow dynamical timescales, fragmentation timescales, and protostellar ages shows that the previously proposed triggered star formation scenario in FIR 4 is not strongly supported. We also discuss the spatial distribution of filaments identified in our continuum image by comparing it with a previously identified hub-fiber system in the N2H+ line.
Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae. I. The Inferred Abundance Pattern of Early Emission from GW170817
Authors: Vieira Nicholas , Ruan John J. , Haggard Daryl , Ford Nicole , Drout Maria R. , Fernández Rodrigo , Badnell N. R.
Published: February 2023

Freshly synthesized r-process elements in kilonovae ejecta imprint absorption features on optical spectra, as observed in the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. These spectral features encode insights into the physical conditions of the r-process and the origins of the ejected material, but associating features with particular elements and inferring the resultant abundance pattern is computationally challenging. We introduce Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae (SPARK), a modular framework to perform Bayesian inference on kilonova spectra with the goals of inferring elemental abundance patterns and identifying absorption features at early times. SPARK inputs an atomic line list and abundance patterns from reaction network calculations into the TARDIS radiative transfer code. It then performs fast Bayesian inference on observed kilonova spectra by training a Gaussian process surrogate for the approximate posteriors of kilonova ejecta parameters, via active learning. We use the spectrum of GW170817 at 1.4 days to perform the first inference on a kilonova spectrum, and recover a complete abundance pattern. Our inference shows that this ejecta was generated by an r-process with either (1) high electron fraction Y

e
∼ 0.35 and high entropy s/k
B ∼ 25, or, (2) a more moderate Y

e
∼ 0.30 and s/k
B ∼ 14. These parameters are consistent with a shocked, polar dynamical component, and a viscously driven outflow from a remnant accretion disk, respectively. We also recover previous identifications of strontium absorption at ∼8000 Å, and tentatively identify yttrium and/or zirconium at ≲4500 Å. Our approach will enable computationally tractable inference on the spectra of future kilonovae discovered through multimessenger observations.
Microphysical Plasma Relations from Special-relativistic Turbulence
Authors: Meringolo Claudio , Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Rezzolla Luciano , Servidio Sergio
Published: February 2023

The microphysical, kinetic properties of astrophysical plasmas near accreting compact objects are still poorly understood. For instance, in modern general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the relation between the temperature of electrons T

e
and protons T

p
is prescribed in terms of simplified phenomenological models where the electron temperature is related to the proton temperature in terms of the ratio between the gas and magnetic pressures, or the β parameter. We here present a very comprehensive campaign of two-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of special-relativistic turbulence to investigate systematically the microphysical properties of the plasma in the transrelativistic regime. Using a realistic mass ratio between electrons and protons, we analyze how the index of the electron energy distributions κ, the efficiency of nonthermal particle production



, and the temperature ratio


:=

T

e

/

T

p

vary over a wide range of values of β and σ. For each of these quantities, we provide two-dimensional fitting functions that describe their behavior in the relevant space of parameters, thus connecting the microphysical properties of the plasma, κ,



, and



, with the macrophysical ones β and σ. In this way, our results can find application in a wide range of astrophysical scenarios, including the accretion and the jet emission onto supermassive black holes, such as M87* and Sgr A*.
Magnetic Fields, Star Formation Rates, and Gas Densities at Sub-kiloparsec Scales in a Pilot Sample of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Manna Souvik , Roy Subhashis
Published: February 2023

We have estimated the magnetic field strengths of a sample of seven galaxies using their nonthermal synchrotron radio emission at meter wavelengths, and assuming energy equipartition between magnetic fields and cosmic-ray particles. We tested for deviation of magnetic fields from energy equipartition with cosmic-ray particles, and found that deviations of ∼25% are typical for the sample galaxies. Spatially resolved star formation rates (SFRs) were estimated for the seven galaxies along with five galaxies studied previously. For the combined sample of 12 galaxies, the equipartition magnetic fields (B
eq) are correlated with the SFR surface densities (ΣSFR) at sub-kiloparsec scales with B
eq ∝

Σ

SFR

0.31
±
0.06

, consistent with model predictions. We estimated gas densities (ρ
gas) for a subsample of seven galaxies using archival observations of the CO rotational transitions and the atomic hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line and studied the spatially resolved correlation between the magnetic fields and ρ
gas. Magnetic fields and gas densities are found to be correlated at sub-kiloparsec scale as B
eq ∝

ρ

gas

0.40
±
0.09

. This is broadly consistent with models, which typically predict B ∝

ρ

gas

0.5

.
Model Constraints Based on the IceCube Neutrino Nondetection of GRB 221009A
Authors: Ai Shunke , Gao He
Published: February 2023

GRB 221009A is a bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) with isotropic energy larger than 1054 erg. Its fairly low redshift makes it a promising candidate for high-energy neutrino detection. However, a neutrino search for this GRB reported by the IceCube collaboration yielded a null result. In this paper, we utilize the upper limit from the IceCube observation to test different GRB prompt emission models. We find that, at least for this specific burst, the dissipative photosphere model could be ruled out in a large parameter space. The internal-shock model can survive only with a large bulk motion Lorentz factor Γ, where the most stringent and conservative constraints are Γ > ∼ 450 and Γ > ∼ 200, respectively. Also, the ratio of the total dissipated energy that goes into the protons and electrons (ϵ

p
/ϵ

e
) can be constrained with a given Γ. For Γ < 400, ϵ

p
/ϵ

e
< 10 is required. For the Internal-collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence (ICMART) model, the constraint from GRB 221009A is modest. Under the ICMART model, only for extreme situations when most dissipated energy deposit into protons and all accelerated protons are suitable for producing neutrinos, a slightly large bulk motion (Γ > ∼ 250) is required.
The Evolution of the Supersoft X-Ray Source WX Cen Dominated by Magnetic Wind
Authors: Zang Lei , Qian Shengbang , Fernández-Lajús Eduardo
Published: February 2023

WX Cen is most likely one of the Galactic counterparts of compact binary supersoft X-ray sources as a member of the V Sagittae class, in which mass is transferred from a donor secondary to a massive white dwarf primary via an accretion disk. Based on the photometric observations from the TESS space telescope and AAVSO database, 218 times of light minimum were determined. By collecting all available eclipse timings of WX Cen from the literature together with those newly determined, we constructed an O−C diagram and analyzed the variations in the orbital period of the eclipsing binary. It is confirmed that the orbital period is continuously decreasing and the rate of the change in the orbital period is revised to

P

̇

=
−
4.4
(
4
)
×

10

−
7

day

yr

−
1

=
−
0.038
(
3
)

s

yr

−
1

. The mass of the donor secondary is estimated as M
s ∼ 0.6 M
⊙, when the white dwarf mass is M
WD ∼ 0.9 M
⊙. By considering a conservative mass transfer from the secondary to the primary, the orbital period of WX Cen should be increasing, which is opposite to the observed continuous decrease. Therefore, the decrease in the period can be plausibly explained as the result of angular momentum loss (AML) via magnetic wind from the secondary and/or from the accretion disk. The AML causes the donor secondary with a low mass to continually be filling its critical Roche lobe and transferring material to the white dwarf. In this way, the evolution of WX Cen is dominated by the magnetic wind and continuously radiating supersoft X-rays.
The Complex Structure of the Bulge of M31
Authors: Leahy Denis , Craiciu Traian , Postma Joseph
Published: February 2023

The bulge of M31 is of interest regarding the nature of galactic bulges and how their structure relates to bulge formation mechanisms and their subsequent evolution. With the UVIT instrument on AstroSat, we have observed the bulge of M31 in five far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) filters at 1″ spatial resolution. Models for the luminosity distribution of the bulge are constructed using the UVIT data and the galaxy image fitting algorithm GALFIT. We fit the bulge without the nuclear region with a Sérsic function for the five images and find Sérsic indices (≃2.1–2.5) similar to previous studies but smaller R

e
values (≃0.5–0.6 kpc). When fitting the images including the nuclear region, a multicomponent model is used. We use an eight-component model for the FUV 148 nm image, which has the highest sensitivity. The other images (169–279 nm) are fit with four-component models. The dust lanes in the bulge region are recovered in the residual images, which have subtraction of the bright bulge light using the multicomponent models. The dust lanes show that M31's nuclear spiral is visible in absorption at NUV and FUV wavelengths. The bulge images show boxy contours in all five UVIT wave bands, which is confirmed by fitting using GALFIT. The Sérsic indices of ∼2.1–2.5 are intermediate between the expected values for a classical bulge and for a pseudobulge. The boxiness of the bulge provides further evidence that M31's bulge has contributions from a classical bulge and a pseudobulge.
Validation and Reliability of Lifestyle Instruments for Indonesian Adolescents with Hypertension Family History: A Rasch Model
Authors: Kurnianto Andra , Sunjaya Deni Kurniadi , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Hilmanto Dany
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: There are lifestyle changes among adolescents in this modern era, such as less physical activities, because many activities can be carried out using modern technology, unhealthy food habits such as eating junk food, canned food and beverages, and preserved fruits and vegetables, poor sleeping habits, stress, and smoking behavior. These lifestyles are harmful and lead to cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity and hypertension, especially in adolescents with hypertension history in the family.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the validation and reliability of healthy lifestyle instruments for Indonesian adolescents with a family history of hypertension.
METHODS: This study is a survey research conducted from July 2021 to February 2022 in South Sumatera, Indonesia. The subjects were adolescents with a family history of hypertension and recruited using purposive random sampling. Adolescents aged 10–18 years old who returned signed parental consent forms, gave written assent to participate, and completed the questionnaire were included in the study. The questionnaire was consisted of three sections, Section I contained internal factors, Section II related to external factors, and Section III related to healthy lifestyle. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Winsteps software was used to analyze the validity, reliability, unidimentionality, and rating scale.
RESULTS: Obtained 103 valid question items with OUTFIT values 0.5 < mean square < 1.5; −2.0 < ZSTD < 2.0; and the point measure correlation (Pt Mean Corr) value is in the range of 0.32 < Pt Measure Corr < 0.85. The reliability value of respondents and instruments is 0.88, with a ’Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.95. The raw variance explained by the measured value is 72.3%, and all unexplained variance values are <15%.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle instruments are valid and reliable, so it is feasible to measure the healthy lifestyle of Indonesian adolescents with a family history of hypertension. This instrument can measure the success of a program or intervention in changing a lifestyle in adolescents at risk of developing hypertension, especially adolescents with a family history of hypertension. We suggest further research involving more participants in a broader area. We hope the healthy lifestyle instruments can be used in a standardized manner for all regions of Indonesia.
« Vous avez reçu un esprit de fils »
Authors: Schumacher Ursula , Armogathe Jean-Robert
Published: February 2023

Alors que l’Esprit est souvent réduit, en ecclésiologie, à être le garant de l’inerrance de l’Église, l’auteur rappelle qu’il est aussi relation interpersonnelle. Elle propose d’analyser son action en termes d’« agir communicationnel » pour penser le développement de la Tradition.
Les déterminants sociologiques de la méthodologie scientifique
Authors: Apostel Léo
Published: February 2023

La communauté scientifique vit au sein d’une société. Son travail est régi par les méthodes scientifiques, celles-ci sont étudiées, soit par des logiciens, soit par des historiens. Pourquoi n’existe-t-il pas une étude historico-logique des méthodes scientifiques  ? Les besoins sociaux, les technologies disponibles co-déterminent les sujets de recherche, les instruments de recherche, l’intensité d’une recherche. Ces facteurs externes, ainsi que la hiérarchie interne déterminent partiellement les notions d’explication, d’observation, de déduction et d’induction des méthodes scientifiques. Le paradigme dominant une science à une époque donnée est partiellement déterminé par les relations sociales, les formes d’observation et d’expérimentation de cette époque.
Time-adaptive Lagrangian variational integrators for accelerated optimization
Authors: Duruisseaux Valentin , Leok Melvin
Published: February 2023

A variational framework for accelerated optimization was recently introduced on normed vector spaces and Riemannian manifolds in [1] and [2]. It was observed that a careful combination of time-adaptivity and symplecticity in the numerical integration can result in a significant gain in computational efficiency. It is however well known that symplectic integrators lose their near-energy preservation properties when variable time-steps are used. The most common approach to circumvent this problem involves the Poincaré transformation on the Hamiltonian side, and was used in [3] to construct efficient explicit algorithms for symplectic accelerated optimization. However, the current formulations of Hamiltonian variational integrators do not make intrinsic sense on more general spaces such as Riemannian manifolds and Lie groups. In contrast, Lagrangian variational integrators are well-defined on manifolds, so we develop here a framework for time-adaptivity in Lagrangian variational integrators and use the resulting geometric integrators to solve optimization problems on vector spaces and Lie groups.
A method for demand-accurate one-dimensional cutting problems with pattern reduction
Authors: Xiao Haihua , Liang Qiaokang , Zhang Dan , Xiao Suhua , Nie Gangzhuo
Published: February 2023

The main objective in the one-dimensional cutting stock problem (1D-CSP) is to minimize material costs. In practice, it is useful to focus on auxiliary objectives, one of which is to reduce the number of different cutting patterns. This paper discusses the classical integer IDCSP, where only one type of stock object is included. Meanwhile, the demands of various items must be precisely satisfied in the constraints. In other words, no overproduction or underproduction is allowed. Therefore, to solve this issue, a variable-to-constant method based on a new mathematical model is proposed. In addition, we integrate the approach with two other representative methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. Both benchmark instances and real instances are used in the experiments, and the results show that the methodology is effective in reducing patterns. In particular, in terms of the solutions to the real-life instances, the proposed approach presents a 31.93 to 37.6% pattern reduction compared to other similar methods (including commercial software).
Distributed pinning controllers design for set stabilization of $ k $-valued logical control networks
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Li Changxi , Feng Jun-e
Published: February 2023

Design of distributed pinning controllers for set stabilization of $ k $-valued logical control networks is investigated in this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the coupling correlations among nodes, pinned node set is determined. Secondly, based on the solvability of a class of matrix equations, sufficient conditions which resort to local information are put forward for the design of pinning controllers. Furthermore, an algorithm for designing pinning feedback controllers is presented, where the designed controllers are related to part of state variables instead of all variables. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the main results.
Deciphering the water balance of poljes: example of Planinsko Polje (Slovenia)
Authors: Mayaud Cyril , Kogovšek Blaž , Gabrovšek Franci , Blatnik Matej , Petrič Metka , Ravbar Nataša
Published: February 2023

Poljes are flat closed karst depressions prone to regular flooding. The floods can be several meters high, last for months and damage significantly human infrastructures. To predict the maximum level reached, the polje water balance needs to be implemented. This technique encounters the difficulty that important part of the inflow and outflow flowing through many poljes is ungauged, as it is challenging to measure accurately the numerous springs and ponors activating temporarily with the rise of water level. This work aims to see whether this problem can be handled and the polje water balance reconstituted. To do so, a typical Dinaric polje is equipped with several water level stations installed over its surface and in the nearby water active caves. Combining a 1*1m digital elevation model of the polje surface with water levels and inflow records of the main two springs allowed assessing the variation of flooded volume and reconstructing the water balance. The highest total inflow values reached during the observed period were of about 140-150 m3/s, with up to a third of it being ungauged. In addition, the effect of a large estavelles group on the polje inflow and outflow could be identified, and helped to characterize the outflow, with values comprised between 65 and 75 m3/s. Finally, intense rainfall over the polje flooded surface showed to be a temporary important source of inflow. The values found by the water balance analysis have been used as input and calibration data in a numerical model reproducing the flood dynamics in the polje and its surrounding aquifer. Results validated both polje water balance and conceptual hydrogeological model. They justify the significance of combining water level measurements with a digital elevation model to monitor the floods. The method can be applied to other poljes flooding in a complex way of superposed input and output signals. Finally, the places to be equipped in priority if the polje has no measurement network or if available funding is limited are discussed.
Global Shared Learning Classroom Model: A Pedagogical Strategy for Sustainable Competencies Development in Higher Education
Authors: Membrillo-Hernández Jorge , Cuervo Bejarano William Javier , Mejía Manzano Luis Alberto , Caratozzolo Patricia , Vázquez Villegas Patricia
Published: February 2023

One of the most popular strategies to develop skills such as collaborative work, critical thinking, and problem-solving is the application of COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) through a Global Classroom in which Professors from at least two universities from different countries and cultures develop a period known as "Global Classroom" in which, through the Challenge Based Learning didactic technique, they solve a real-life challenge but from a distance, using digital communication tools. In this study, 4-week global courses were held between groups from the Tecnológico de Monterrey in Mexico and groups from the UNIMINUTO University in Colombia. The challenges developed were related to two fundamental issues: 1) Management of natural resources and climate change and 2) Biomimetics. Students were able to develop skills to communicate effectively through online interaction with people from different cultures and disciplines and use technological tools that facilitate communication and distance learning in multicultural virtual environments. The use of Global Classroom in their respective areas of study is made available to those interested as a valuable tool to provide students with the opportunity to live sustainable international experiences and promote the Sustainable Development Goals. Current teaching models involve active and experiential learning and developing soft and hard skills. The Global Classroom experience is a tool that allowed continuity in the preparation of students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hybrid Learning in Times of Pandemic Covid-19: An Experience in a Lima University
Authors: Corzo-Zavaleta Janet , Yon-Alva Roberto , Icho-Yacupoma Julissa , Principe Somoza Yrma , Andrade-Arenas Laberiano , Vargas-Cuentas Natalia I.
Published: February 2023

Hybrid learning became more important in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this sense, the University of Sciences and Humanities implemented adequate strategies to guarantee the continuity of the teaching and learning process. At the beginning, the virtual modality was chosen in its entirety and then moved to a hybrid modality; however, teachers were not trained; students had problems of connectivity and access to technological resources, which led more than 35% of them to abandon their studies. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to know the students' perception of the hybrid modality, through a questionnaire applied to 142 students of the 2021-1 cycle of the Faculty of Accounting, Economic and Financial Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, considering 19 questions integrated in 4 dimensions: teaching strategy, didactic resources, evaluation system and tutoring; all this in order to evaluate the strategies of the hybrid model proposed by the university. The results obtained in the dimensions show the highest score in the evaluation dimension with an average of 4.51, specifically in the planning of the syllabus; however, the lowest average is found in the tutoring dimension with an average of 3.22, which corresponds to the participation in psycho-pedagogical workshops to improve academic performance. It is concluded that the teaching strategy in the hybrid modality has been satisfactorily approved by the students, thanks to the periodic training of teachers. However, tutoring should be strengthened through academic counseling, so that the beneficiaries of this research are the students, teachers and parents; and, therefore, the Peruvian educational system.
A New Pyramid Model of Empathy
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Papoutsi Chara
Published: February 2023

Empathy and compassion have become a major focus for international research and appear to be important concepts in human development. There are several definitions and models of empathy and compassion available in the literature. Based on theoretical foundations, a new model of empathy – compassion - love is proposed in the present article. This new model emphasizes the evolution of the concept of empathy, which, at higher levels, takes the form of compassion, which will then be transformed into even higher universal love making empathy and compassion a creative and significant process for the gradual evolution of individuals. In addition, emphasis is placed on ICT tools that contribute to the development of empathy and compassion.
Coding and Decoding Optimization of Remote Video Surveillance Systems
Authors: Hu Lehua
Published: February 2023

In order to solve the problems of high distortion rate and low decoding efficiency of the decoded video when the current coding and decoding methods are used to encode and decode the remote video monitoring system, considering the local area network, research on the optimization method of the coding and decoding of the remote video monitoring system is proposed. The local area network is used to collect image information, to process, and to output the image information. By preprocessing the remote video monitoring system, the low frame rate remote video monitoring system is decoded in parallel. The motion information of the lost frame is estimated to realize the fast coding and decoding of the remote video monitoring system. The experimental results show that the proposed method has low distortion rate and high decoding efficiency and has high practical value.
Artificial Intelligence Technology-Based Semantic Sentiment Analysis on Network Public Opinion Texts
Authors: Fan Xingliang
Published: February 2023

Considering that the current social network text analysis works poorly in accurate and effective sentiment prediction and management, a deep learning (D-L)-based text sentiment analysis method is proposed for the big data environment. First, the autoregressive language model mode XLNet is used to capture bidirectional text information and a sentiment analysis model XLNet-Multi-Attention-BiGRU. Then, considering the context information of social network texts, the defect of traditional GRU units only reading texts in order is overcome by introducing a BiGRU model to extract features in both directions. Finally, a multi-headed attention layer is added between the BiGRU and CRF layers to better capture the key information in the sentence by integrating multiple single-head attention. The results show that the precision, recall, and F1 value of the method proposed in this paper are the largest, with the highest reaching 92.64%, 92.32%, and 91.25%, respectively, which are 12.40%, 10.17%, and 9.63% higher than the maximum values of the other three methods, respectively.
The Effect of Social Support Features via Buddies in App-Based Habit Building
Authors: Biedermann Daniel , Schwarz Patrick Oliver , Yau Jane , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: February 2023

App-based habit building has been shown to be a good tool for forming desired habits; however, it is unclear how much individual features that are present in many apps contribute to the success of habit building. In this paper, the authors consider the influence of social support features by developing an app in which habit progress was shared with peers – 'buddies' in the app. In the study, 38 participants created habits and monitored their progress regularly with the app over three weeks. The participants were divided into a control group without a 'buddy' and a treatment group cohort in which they were assigned to buddies based on their desired habits. With each habit repetition, the app gave feedback on the number of repetitions and the automaticity of the user's habit. The results obtained show that the reproduction of app-based intentional habit building is effective and that automaticity could be predicted by habit repetition.
Providing Students With Mobile Access to an Assessment Platform
Authors: Hamzah Almed , Sosnovsky Sergey
Published: February 2023

The growing ubiquity, rich functionality, and relative affordability of mobile devices have been seen as opportune factors for implementing mobile learning solutions that can be used in a variety of contexts and domains. Plenty of successful mobile educational applications have been built. This paper describes an attempt to build on this success. The authors have investigated the use of mobile devices by students accessing assessment and self-assessment quizzes in the context of a university course. Two experiments were conducted with undergraduate students. The results of the first experiment were not successful, and initially, very few students used mobile devices. After several adjustments, during the second experiment, the usage of the system increased. However, the numbers were still much lower when compared to desktop access. This paper reports an investigation into the lack of mobile usage of the developed platform despite the educational affordances brought by mobile devices.