bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition and sensory properties of raw and roasted “Niri” (Citrullus vulgaris) puree extended beef sausages
Authors: ADUA Edward Ayinbila , ADZITEY Frederick , TEYE Gabriel Ayum , ABU Alexander
Published: January 2021

The rising demand for quality meat products at competitive prices demands that processors explore less costly local feed resources for incorporation into meat products. This study investigated the effects of raw and roasted “Niri” (Citrullus vulgaris) purees (as an extender) on the nutritional and sensory qualities of beef sausages. “Niri” purees (treatments) were randomly assigned to minced beef. That is, raw (RaP) and roasted (RoP) “Niri” purees were separately added to 1kg minced beef at 0% (control), 5%, 15% and 25% inclusion levels. The proximate composition, mineral concertation and sensory attributes were evaluated.  The study revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) in all proximate parameters with RaP 25% recording the highest protein, ash and fat content, RoP 25% had the highest carbohydrate content while the control had the highest moisture content in percentage per gram on dry matter basis. There was increasing proximate values as the inclusion levels increased except moisture where there was a reverse. Protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates recorded values that were in the range of 18.14 - 22.02%, 0.42 - 3.07%, 1.31 - 2.16%, and 0.26 - 2.94%, respectively for all samples. pH values ranged from 5.84 - 6.15, with the highest values recorded in high inclusion products. Mineral contents ranged from 2.67 - 3.63mg/g (calcium), 0.20 - 0.34mg/g (iron), 27.33 - 29.92mg/g (potassium), 15.10 - 21.86mg/g (magnesium) and 0.45 - 0.62mg/g (zinc) in all samples. Sausages extended with raw purees generally had significant (P< 0.05) mineral levels than the roasted puree products. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in all sensory parameters evaluated except colour and tenderness (P< 0.05). Products extended with raw “Niri” had better colour scores (3.46 - 3.6) than roasted “Niri” puree extended products (1.73 – 2.66). The addition of “Niri” improved the nutritional quality of beef sausages, however, it significantly (P> 0.05) affected the colour and tenderness of beef sausages.
HAT SANATINDAKİ LEVHA ESERLERDE BİR KOMPOZİSYON BİÇİMİ: TETÂBUK
Authors: YAPAR ÜNAL Berrin
Published: January 2021

19 ve 20. yüzyılda hat sanatında celi yazıların gelişmesiyle birlikte daha önce mimaride ve kitap sanatlarında olan yazı, hattatlar tarafından levha olarak iç mekânların duvarlarına asılmak üzere yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu şekilde hattatlara farklı bir tasarım alanı oluşarak özellikle yaptıkları istiflerle yaratıcılıklarını geliştirme, yeni terkipler yapabilme olanağı doğmuştur. Hat sanatında mimari eserler üzerinde görülen harf ve kelimelerin benzer kısımlarının ortak kullanıldığı tetâbuk uygulamaları, bu defa levha eserler üzerinde de bir kompozisyon biçimi olarak yer almıştır. Bu makalede hat sanatındaki levhalarda görülen tetabuk uygulamaları seçili eserler üzerinden hattat, tarih, ibare, yazı çeşidi vb. bilgiler verilip levhadaki istif özellikleri belirtilerek incelenecektir. Yazılardaki tetâbuk uygulamalarının anlaşılabilmesi için levhanın metni açık şekilde yazılmıştır. Ayrıca hat sanatındaki levha eserlerde nasıl tetâbuk yapıldığı terkipler üzerinden yapılan çizimlerle çözümlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Aplicación móvil integrada para la supervisión del proceso de producción del banano
Authors: Caraguay Washington Antonio , Cordero Jorge
Published: January 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los componentes nutriEn el presente artículo se ha desarrollado un sistema integrado para supervisar el proceso de producción del banano durante las fases de cosecha y empaque, haciendo uso de tecnologías móviles con base en la información recolectada. La arquitectura del sistema se basa en la obtención de datos desde una estación de pesaje electrónica a través de un dispositivo de entrada móvil. Haciendo uso del Internet, los datos son transmitidos de manera inalámbrica a un servidor local, el mismo que los procesa y envía a un dispositivo final de usuario para su lectura. Los resultados logrados permiten obtener información relevante del proceso que debe ser analizada para la toma de decisiones necesarias para contribuir en el incremento de la productividad en las haciendas bananeras
Post-Modern Narratives and the Paradigm of Efficiency: participatory democracy on the yellow brick road
Authors: Mariano Cynara Monteiro , Maia Isabelly Cysne Augusto
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to demonstrate how the post-modern narratives contributed to the formulation of distortions in the paradigm of efficiency and democracy. Regarding the methodology, the deductive method was applied, with bibliographic analysis, studying the theoretical context of post-modernity, to understand its consequences. We conclude that democracy must rescue constitutionalism as a basis for legitimacy, removing the demand for efficiency in this role, under consequence of weakening democracy itself. Therefore, the innovation of the text lies in establishing the systematization and correlation between postmodernity, efficiency and deliberative democracy.
La investigación y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes ambientales cometidos en el marco de las actividades empresariales ante la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Iglesias Márquez Daniel
Published: January 2021

El reconocimiento de los graves daños ambientales como crímenes internacionales en el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) no solo expande la justicia penal internacional y refuerza la protección del medio ambiente a nivel global, sino también se constituye como un mecanismo para acabar con la gran impunidad que gozan actualmente las empresas. Por ello, a partir de un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de la práctica actual y de la bibliografía relacionada con el tema, el presente artículo, por un lado, evalúa el reconocimiento de los graves y extensos daños ambientales como crímenes que activan la competencia de la CPI, como respuesta a la actual crisis ambiental, y, por otro lado, explora los cambios sustantivos que implica la inclusión de los crímenes ambientales en el Estatuto de Roma, particularmente la extensión de las competencias personales de la CPI para la investigación y el enjuiciamiento de empresas.
Fashion Trends
Authors: Kim Eundeok , Fiore Ann Marie , Payne Alice , Kim Hyejeong
Published: January 2021

In a fast-moving global industry how does anyone know what the next trend will be? To answer this question, fashion professionals engage in a systematic, analytical process to predict and understand changes in society and consumer behavior. Forecasting companies and developers collect information related to culture, the economy, politics, and technology that may influence future trends. Gleaning information wherever they can, online or from books, arts, music, movies, fashion, and architecture, fashion forecasters research cultural indicators that signpost new ways of living, shopping, and designing.

Fashion Trends offers a clear pathway into the theory and practice of forecasting fashion, using professional case studies to demonstrate each technique and concept. This revised edition includes expanded coverage of social media, crowd sourcing, digital influencers, and the use of technology such as augmented reality, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and big data. With the rise of individualism, the authors also walk you through the “end of fashion” and what comes next, including clothing subscription and rental services, the circular economy, transparency and traceability, and the role of forecasting in provoking the desire for a sustainable lifestyle.
Dance and Activism
Authors: Mills Dana
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on dance as an activist practice in and of itself, across geographical locations and over the course of a century, from 1920 to 2020. Through doing so, it considers how dance has been an empowering agent for political action throughout civilisation.

Dance and Activism offers a glimpse of different strategies of mobilizing the human body for good and justice for all, and captures the increasing political activism epitomized by bodies moving on the streets in some of the most turbulent political situations. This has, most recently, undoubtedly been partly owing to the rise of the far-right internationally, which has marked an increase in direct action on the streets.

Offering a survey of key events across the century, such as the fall of President Zuma in South Africa; pro-reproductive rights action in Poland and Argentina; and the recent women’s marches against Donald Trump’s presidency, you will see how dance has become an urgent field of study. Key geographical locations are explored as sites of radical dance – the Lower East Side of New York; Gaza; Syria; Cairo, Iran; Iraq; Johannesburg – to name but a few – and get insights into some of the major figures in the history of dance, including Pearl Primus, Martha Graham, Anna Sokolow and Ahmad Joudah. Crucially, lesser or unknown dancers, who have in some way influenced politics, all over the world are brought into the limelight (the Syrian ballerinas and Hussein Smko, for example).

Dance and Activism troubles the boundary between theory and practice, while presenting concrete case studies as a site for robust theoretical analysis.
Staging Technology
Authors: Owens Craig N.
Published: January 2021

Through an examination of a range of performance works ranging from Jean Cocteau's ballet The Eiffel Tower Wedding Party (1921) to Julie Taymor’s monumental production of Spider-Man: Turn off the Dark (2010) and Mexican playwright Isaac Gomez’s La Ruta (2018), Staging Technology asks what becomes visible when we encounter plays, operas, and musicals that are themselves about fraught human/machine interfaces. What can theatrical production tell us about the way technology functions as an element of ideology and power in narrative drama? About the limits of the human?

Staging Technology bridges the divide between the technical practices of theatre production and critical, theoretical approaches to interpreting drama to examine the way dramatic theatre’s technologies are shaped by larger historical, ideological, and economic forces. At the same time, it examines how those technologies themselves have influenced 20th- and 21st-century playwrights’, composers’, and librettists’ choice of subject matter for staged representation.

Examining performance works from the modernist and post-modern European and American canon of drama, opera, and performance art including works by Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Heiner Müller, Sophie Treadwell, Harold Pinter, Tristan Tzara, Jean Cocteau, Arthur Miller, Robert Pinsky, John Adams and Alice Goodman, Staging Technology transforms how we think about the interrelationship between theatre practice, performance, narrative drama, and text. In it Craig N. Owens synthesizes approaches to interpretation and practice from disparate realms, offering insights into over-arching ways of making meaning that are illustrated through focused and innovative readings of individual works for the dramatic stage. Staging Technology provides a new and transformative paradigm for thinking about dramatic literature, the practices of representational theatre production, and the historical and social contexts they inhabit.
Agricultural Reform in Rwanda
Authors: Huggins Chris
Published: January 2021

“International observers have lauded Rwanda as an example of an African country taking control of its own development trajectory, and as a market-friendly destination for investment. A key component of this narrative has been an ambitious programme of agricultural reform, involving private firms, NGOs, and international charities. The Rwandan government claims these reforms have been a resounding success, tripling crop yields and helping to combat hunger.

Chris Huggins argues, however, that Rwanda’s liberal, modernising image sits poorly with the regime’s continuing authoritarian tendencies. Featuring in-depth case studies of the effects of agricultural reform in three different regions, and drawing on hundreds of interviews, Huggins shows that the much-vaunted ‘liberalization’ of agriculture has in fact depended on the coercion of Rwandan farmers, and in many cases has had a detrimental impact on their livelihoods.

With the Kagame regime now coming under increasing international scrutiny, this work provides a timely look at the impact of ‘market friendly authoritarianism’ in contemporary Africa, making essential reading for students and scholars of development in the fields of sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics.”
Can Non-Europeans Think?
Authors: Dabashi Hamid
Published: January 2021

In Can Non-Europeans Think? Dabashi takes his subtle but vigorous polemic to another level.'

Pankaj Mishra

What happens to thinkers who operate outside the European philosophical pedigree? In this powerfully honed polemic, Hamid Dabashi argues that they are invariably marginalised, patronised and misrepresented.

Challenging, pugnacious and stylish, Can Non-Europeans Think? forges a new perspective in postcolonial theory by examining how intellectual debate continues to reinforce a colonial regime of knowledge, albeit in a new guise.

Based on years of scholarship and activism, this insightful collection of philosophical explorations is certain to unsettle and delight in equal measure.
China’s Asian Dream
Authors: Miller Tom
Published: January 2021

“China”, Napoleon once remarked, “is a sleeping lion. Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will shake the world.” In 2014, President Xi Jinping triumphantly declared the lion had awakened. Under his leadership, China is pursuing a dream to restore its historical position as the dominant power in Asia.

From the Mekong River Basin to the Central Asian steppe, China is flexing its economic muscles for strategic ends. By setting up new regional financial institutions, Beijing is challenging the post-World War II order established under the watchful eye of Washington. And by funding and building roads, railways, ports and power lines-a New Silk Road across Eurasia and through the South China Sea and Indian Ocean-China aims to draw its neighbours ever tighter into its embrace.

Combining a geopolitical overview with on-the-ground reportage from a dozen countries, China’s Asian Dream offers a fresh perspective on the rise of China’ and asks: what does it means for the future of Asia?
Common Ground
Authors: Everard Mark
Published: January 2021

Common Ground explores the shifting relationship between human society and the landscapes that bear it. Examining the changing understandings of the natural world and its management and exploitation, environmental activist Mark Everard presents solutions in the nature of ecosystem services.

Notwithstanding our total dependence on the Earth’s natural resources, the relationship between humanity and the land has shifted significantly and frequently throughout our tenure, brief as it is relative to the evolution of planetary life. Appropriating increasing proportions of nature’s resources to meet our shifting and growing demands, we have been degrading the quality and extent of ecosystems, nearly destroying their capacities to meet the needs of a burgeoning population.

The book offers a fresh and vital whole-system approach to the key under-pinning the issue of sustainability. Everard looks ahead to what is required to live sustainably, respecting the central role of landscapes in supporting human wellbeing into the long-term future.
Common Space
Authors: Stavrides Stavros
Published: January 2021

Space is both a product and a prerequisite of social relations, it has the potential to block and encourage certain forms of encounter. InCommon Space, activist and architect Stavros Stavrides calls for us to conceive of space-as-commons – first, to think beyond the notions of public and private space, and then to understand common space not only as space that is governed by all and remains open to all, but that explicitly expresses, encourages and exemplifies new forms of social relations and of life in common.

Through a fascinating, global examination of social housing, self-built urban settlements, street trade and art, occupied space, liberated space and graffiti, Stavrides carefully shows how spaces for commoning are created. Moreover, he explores the connections between processes of spatial transformation and the formation of politicised subjects to reveal the hidden emancipatory potential of contemporary, metropolitan life.
Global Governance and the New Wars
Authors: Duffield Mark
Published: January 2021

War is now an important part of development discourse. Aid agencies have become involved in humanitarian assistance, conflict resolution and the social reconstruction of war-torn societies. This deeply thoughtful book explores the growing merger of development and security. Its author unravels the nature of the new wars - in Africa, the Balkans, Central Asia - and the response of the international community, in particular the new systems of global governance that are emerging as a result.

The breakdown of order is seen as symptomatic of long-term social processes: economic crisis, the social exclusion of wide strata of populations and internal conflict. Instead of the historic goals of modernity, development to reduce inequality, and a central role for the state, we have a neo-medieval situation in which overlapping and fragmented sovereignties confront an increasingly weakened central authority.

The consequences, as Duffield shows, are far-reaching. Development now focuses primarily on the shortcomings of structures within the South. Aid is privatized. A rising level of violence and misery are accepted as normal, and new forms of humanitarian aid intervention, far from solving the problem, accommodate and coexist with this instability and inequality. Pessimistic perhaps, but this book is profound in its insights and pregnant with policy implications.
Morbid Symptoms
Authors: Owen Worth
Published: January 2021

“As established centrist parties across the Western world continue to decline, commentators continue to fail to account for the far-right’s growth, for its strategies and its overall objectives.

Morbid Symptoms examines the far-right’s ascendancy, uniquely tracing its history from the end of the Cold War, revealing how its different dimensions have led to a series of contradictory strategies and positions that often leave their overall significance unclear. From the United States to Russia and from Britain across Europe to Greece, Owen Worth’s analysis reveals that the left’s failure to mount a radical alternative to the prevailing order has allowed the far-right to move in and provide an avenue for discontent and for change. Crucially though this avenue hasn’t necessarily offered a definite alternative to the status quo as yet, meaning there is still a chance to change its significance in the wider global order.

This is an essential primer to the future of international politics and international relations.”
Rock in a Hard Place
Authors: Crowcroft Orlando
Published: January 2021

A muggy night in Abu Dhabi, 2011. Under the stadium lights a 30,000-strong sea of Libyans, Palestinians, Syrians and Egyptians wait in anticipation. Alongside them are Saudis, Iranians and Israelis. Defiance and excitement course through the crowd like electricity. Standing together, they are waiting for Metallica's first ever show in the Middle East. Many have faced untold violence, but for tonight, nothing else matters...

This is the untold story of that crowd. Of the young men and women and the music they make in the backrooms of shabby houses in al-Zarqa and al-Qatif, Nazareth and Cairo. Of illegal shows in Tehran and Riyadh. Of songs that ousted a dictator in Cairo. Of exiles that have ended in glory, in isolation, and in blood.

Journalist and lifelong heavy metal fan, Orlando Crowcroft, spent six years penetrating the rock and metal scene in the Middle East. Rock in a Hard Place is a different voice, one that is at odds with the Middle East of violence, extremism, war and ISIS: a voice recognizable to anyone who has ever turned up a speaker or an amp to drown out the din of the everyday, and a voice that may help unite us when we need it most.
Scary Monsters
Authors: Duffett Mark , Hackett Jon
Published: January 2021

Popular music and masculinity have rarely been examined through the lens of research into monstrosity. The discourses associated with rock and pop, however, actually include more ‘monsters’ than might at first be imagined. Attention to such individuals and cultures can say things about the operation of genre and gender, myth and meaning. Indeed, monstrosity has recently become a growing focus of cultural theory. This is in part because monsters raise shared concerns about transgression, subjectivity, agency, and community. Attention to monstrosity evokes both the spectre of projection (which leads to issues of familial trauma and psychoanalysis) and shared anxieties (that in turn reflect deeply held ideologies and beliefs). By pursuing a series of insightful case studies, Scary Monsters considers different aspects of the connection between the music, gender and monstrosity. Its argument is that attention to monstrosity provides a unique perspective on the study of masculinity in popular music culture.
The Politics of Nordsploitation
Authors: Gustafsson Tommy , Kääpä Pietari
Published: January 2021

The Politics of Nordsploitation takes a transnational approach to exploring Nordic ‘exploitation’ films in their industrial contexts, viewing them as not only political manifestations of domestic considerations but also to position Nordic film cultures in a global context. Incorporating a wide range of films, from international cult classics like They Call Her One Eye (1974), homegrown martial arts films like The Ninja Mission (1984) to contemporary crowd-sourced fan productions like Iron Sky (2012), this volume examines the remarkable diversity of genre-based, commercially and culturally exploitative film production throughout the Nordic countries – emphasized here through the term ‘Nordsploitation’.

This volume provides a historical exposition of largely ignored marginal films and film cultural patterns. It also outlines how influential these films have been in shaping the development of Nordic cinema. The effects are visible in the films of the new millennium as previously marginalized practices now enter the mainstream. With sharp insights and new research, The Politics of Nordsploitation redefines the concept of ‘exploitation’ and its role in small nation cinemas.
Being There and the Evolution of a Screenplay
Authors: Hunter Aaron
Published: January 2021

Being There and the Evolution of a Screenplay provides an insightful look at the drafting of one of Hollywood history’s greatest scripts. Being There (1979) is generally considered the final film in Hal Ashby’s triumphant 1970s career, which included the likes of Harold and Maude (1971) and Shampoo (1975). The film also showcases Peter Sellers’s last great performance. In 2005, the Writers Guild of America included Being There on its list of 101 Best Scripts.

Being There and the Evolution of a Screenplay features three versions of the script: an initial draft by Jerzy Kosinski, based on his 1970 novel; a second by long-time Ashby collaborator and Oscar-winner Robert C. Jones, which makes substantial changes to Kosinki’s; and a final draft written by Jones with Ashby’s assistance, which makes further structural and narrative changes. Additionally, the book features facsimile pages from Ashby’s copy of the scripts that include handwritten notes, providing readers with valuable insight into the redrafting process. For each version, Ashby scholar Aaron Hunter adds perceptive analysis of the script’s development, the relationships of the writers who worked on it, and key studio and production details.

This is both a presentation of the script of Being There, and a record of the process of crafting that script - a text that will be of interest to film fans and scholars as well as writers and teachers of screenwriting. Evolution of a Screenplay is the first book of its kind to so amply demonstrate the creative development of a Hollywood script.
The Science of Writing Characters
Authors: Pelican Kira-Anne
Published: January 2021

The Science of Writing Characters is a comprehensive handbook to help writers create compelling and psychologically-credible characters that come to life on the page. Drawing on the latest psychological theory and research, ranging from personality theory to evolutionary science, the book equips screenwriters and novelists with all the techniques they need to build complex, dimensional characters from the bottom up. Writers learn how to create rounded characters using the 'Big Five' dimensions of personality and then are shown how these personality traits shape action, relationships and dialogue.

Throughout The Science of Writing Characters, psychological theories and research are translated into handy practical tips, which are illustrated through examples of characters in action in well-known films, television series and novels, ranging from Three Billboards Outside Ebbing Missouri and Game of Thrones to The Bonfire of the Vanities and The Goldfinch. This very practical approach makes the book an engaging and accessible companion guide for all writers who want to better understand how they can make memorable characters with the potential for global appeal.
Interpreting Star Wars
Authors: Booy Miles
Published: January 2021

Upon its initial release in 1977, many critics regarded Star Wars as a childish retort to the mature American cinema of the seventies. Though full of sound and fury, some felt that it signified nothing. Four decades later, the significations are multiple as interpretations of the film’s strange imagery and metaphoric potential continue to pile up.

Interpreting Star Wars analyses and contextualises the dominant trends in Star Wars interpretation from the earliest reviews, through Lucasfilm’s attempts to use its position as copyright holder to promote a single meaning, to the 21st century where the internet has rendered such authorial control impossible and new entries to the canon present new twists on old hopes.
The Future of EU-Russian Relations: a Common European Home?
Authors: Everett Judas
Published: January 2021

The Cold War was a confrontation dominated by dogmatic ideology; the rise of Gorbachev and his attempts to inject new thinking into the Soviet Union were critical in ending that standoff. Generally, Gorbachev was successful in the field of foreign policy and many of his ideas and actions created lasting legacies which have shaped the world today. However, one idea which failed to gain much traction was his proposal regarding a Common European Home. The aim of this paper is to examine how this opportunity was missed or why hasn’t it been taken advantage of, before moving on to analyse whether shared aims, freedoms, values and responsibilities exist between Russia and the EU today. Opinion polling shows that Russian values and opinions are complex, but often similar to other post-communist countries that have successfully become European Union member states. The issue of NATO expansion stands out as more problematic than a lack of shared values between the EU and Russian citizens.
Impact of Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on the International Trade
Authors: Muradovna Ibragimova Naylya
Published: January 2021

In the modern world economy, tariff and non-tariff barrier regulation actsas an effective regulator, promoting greater openness of the market, oras the most widespread foreign trade instrument of protectionism. Over the past decades there has been a steady decline in the rates of import customs duties. On the other hand, non-tariff measures to regulate foreign trade are being applied more and more effectively. But at the same time customs and tariff policy continues to be a key factor determining the national trade regime and the conditions for access of foreign products to the domestic market.The main purpose of this research is to assess the influence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on international trade, asthese factors play an essential role in the international trade.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of scientists in the field of finance, state regulation of foreign economic activity and international relations. In the methodology part gravity model regression is assessed for tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs)regulatingforeign trade flows. As result, non-tariff barriers (NTMs) such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) and Technical Barriers to trade (TBT) have had the largest negative impact.
The Role of Servant Leadership and Work Motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Evidence from Indonesian Generation Y Employees
Authors: Wahyu Indra , Moeins Anoesyirwan , Sunaryo Widodo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to find an effort to increase organizational citizenship behavior of Generation Y employeesthrough the identification of the influence of servant leadership and work motivation. This research wasconducted on Generation Y employeesare governmental officers aged 23 -43 years at Bogor Regency. The research sample was 86 persons of generation Y from 3 agencies and 11 offices at Bogor Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach and is completed by a qualitative approach through the Delphi technique. The findings revealed that servant leadership has a significant and positive effect on OCB of generation Y, work motivation has a significant and positive effect on OCB of generation Y, servant leadership and work motivation has a significant and positive effect on OCB of generation Y. The results of quantitative and qualitative research conclude that the improvement of the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of Generation Y employeescan be done through strengthening servant leadership and work motivation.
Keeping Top AI Talent in the United States
Authors:   https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/keeping-top-ai-talent-in-the-united-states/, Zwetsloot Remco , Dunham James , Arnold Zachary , Huang Tina
Published: January 2021

Talent is core to U.S. competitiveness in artificial intelligence, and international graduate students are a large source of AI talent for the United States. Retaining them in this country as they transition into the workforce is key. Graduate student retention has historically been a core U.S. strength, but that strength is endangered by recent events.
Determinación de la efectividad de una composición etnofarmacológica a base de seis extractos de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial
Authors: Rentería Jiménez Carlos Ariel
Published: January 2021

El tratamiento de enfermedades como la hipertensión hace parte del conoci- miento médico tradicional de las comunidades negras e indígenas de la región del Chocó biogeográfico colombiano. Con el objetivo de validar la efectividad de una composición etnofarmacológica a base de extractos acuosos de seis plantas medicinales, se realizaron análisis fitoquímicos para determinar su composición y se aplicaron en pacientes con esta patología para observar los efectos. Los resultados mostraron una presunción muy positiva para la presencia de compuestos lactónicos como cardiotónicos o terpenlactonas, y altamen- te positiva de compuestos fenólicos y leucoantocianidinas, que tienen una reconocida actividad biológica antioxidante e hipotensora. De la aplicación de entrevistas se obtuvo que 98.3% de los pacientes sometidos al tratamiento etnofamacológico expresaron sentir enorme mejoría en estado de ánimo, eliminando agotamiento, cansancio, fatiga y debilidad, inclusive desde la primera semana de iniciar el tratamiento. Se concluyó que es posible que los metabolitos secundarios presentes en la composición etnofarmacológica contribuyan al tratamiento de la hipertensión.
Evidencia de la conectividad ecológica del cerro Tacarcuna, expresada en la presencia y distribución de mamíferos terrestres neotropicales
Authors: Cuesta-Rios Eric Yair
Published: January 2021

El presente documento exhibe una serie de anotaciones ecológicas que eviden- cian la conectividad ecológica del cerro Tacarcuna y que se expresa en la presencia y distribución de un grupo de mamíferos que se distribuyen desde Norteamérica hasta Suramérica. Para lograr asociar la conectividad de Tacarcuna con la presencia y distribución de la mastofauna, se caracterizó ecológicamente la fauna de mamíferos, a partir de observaciones de campo enfatizadas en puntos de muestreo específicos por grupo taxonómico, aplicando la metodología de Muestreos Ecológicos Rápidos y la aplicación de entrevistas informales; posteriormente se recurrió a la revisión de literatura especializada para determinar la distribución de las especies. La mastofauna estuvo representada por 17 especies, todas distribuidas dentro del corredor ecológico EE.UU.-Argentina, correspondientes a los órdenes; Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Cingulata, Primates, CarnIvora y Perissodactyla, donde los roedores, carnívoros y primates fueron los mejor representados. Se reconoció la fragmentación del bosque como el factor que limitó, en gran parte, la presencia de las especies, pero paradójicamente favoreció la confluencia de otras como Cuniculus paca, Akodon sp., Sciurus granatensis y Sciurus depeii. Se registra por primera vez la especie S. deppei, para Colombia. Asimismo se destaca la presencia de Tapirus bairdii, que junto con Panthera onca y Puma concolor, son de las especies más amenazadas de Colombia, asumiendo la presencia de numerosas huellas y como indicador de la abundancia de sus poblaciones, lo que sugiere un plan de manejo para el área, con el objetivo de evitar la pérdida de biodiversidad.
Learning and Behaviour
Authors: McPhail Alexander
Published: January 2021

A miser gains advantage by playing a certain fixed strategy. Any agent that employs an adapting strategy will be enslaved. Two misers must eventually agree to cooperate. By eliminating defectors, a population of agents can benefit from synergies.
Trivariate copula to design coastal structures
Authors: Orcel Olivier , Sergent Philippe , Ropert François
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Some coastal structures must be redesigned in the future due to rising sea levels caused by climate change. The design of structures subjected to
the actions of waves requires an accurate estimate of the long return period of such parameters as wave height, wave period, storm surge and more
specifically their joint exceedance probabilities. The simplified Defra method that is currently used in particular for European coastal structures
makes it possible to directly connect the joint exceedance probabilities to the product of the univariate probabilities by means of a single
factor. These schematic correlations do not, however, represent all the complexity of the reality because of the use of this single factor. That may
lead to damaging errors in coastal structure design. The aim of this paper is therefore to remedy the lack of robustness of these current
approaches. To this end, we use copula theory with a copula function that aggregates joint distribution functions to their univariate margins. We
select a bivariate copula that is adapted to our application by the likelihood method. In order to integrate extreme events, we also resort to the
notion of tail dependence. The optimal copula parameter is estimated through the analysis of the tail dependence coefficient, the likelihood method
and the mean error. The most robust copulas for our practical case with applications in Saint-Malo and Le Havre (in northern France) are the Clayton
copula and the survival Gumbel copula. The originality of this paper is the creation of a new and robust trivariate copula with an analysis of the
sensitivity to the method of construction and to the choice of the copula. Firstly, we select the best fitting of the bivariate copula with its
parameter for the two most correlated univariate margins. Secondly, we build a trivariate function. For this purpose, we aggregate the bivariate
function with the remaining univariate margin with its parameter. We show that this trivariate function satisfies the mathematical properties of the
copula. We finally represent joint trivariate exceedance probabilities for a return period of 10, 100 and 1000 years. We finally conclude
that the choice of the bivariate copula is more important for the accuracy of the trivariate copula than its own construction.
Comparing an insurer's perspective on building damages with modelled damages from pan-European winter windstorm event sets: a case study from Zurich, Switzerland
Authors: Welker Christoph , Röösli Thomas , Bresch David N.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. With access to claims, insurers have a long tradition of being knowledge
leaders on damages caused by windstorms. However, new opportunities
have arisen to better assess the risks of winter windstorms in Europe
through the availability of historic footprints provided by the Windstorm
Information Service (Copernicus WISC). In this study, we compare how
modelling of building damages complements claims-based risk assessment. We
describe and use two windstorm risk models: an insurer's proprietary model
and the open source CLIMADA platform. Both use the historic WISC dataset and a purposefully built, probabilistic hazard event set of winter windstorms across Europe to model building damages in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. These approaches project a considerably lower estimate for the
annual average damage (CHF 1.4 million), compared to claims (CHF 2.3 million), which originates mainly from a different assessment of the return period of the most damaging historic event Lothar–Martin. Additionally, the probabilistic modelling approach allows assessment of rare events, such as a 250-year-return-period windstorm causing CHF 75 million in damages, including an evaluation of the uncertainties. Our study emphasizes the importance of complementing a claims-based perspective with a probabilistic risk modelling approach to better understand windstorm risks. The presented open-source model provides a straightforward entry point for small insurance companies.
SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VITAMIN D - CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors:   Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Marinov Dimitar B. , Hristova Darina N. ,   Department of Preclinical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: January 2021

Background: Vitamin D (calciferol) is a group of fat-soluble compounds, which are essential for calcium homeostasis, immunomodulation, antiproliferative effects, and more. It can also be viewed as a prohormone. Almost every cell in the human body has a receptor for vitamin D. Its synthesis depends on multiple factors. Review results: Vitamin D deficiency affects almost 50% of the world’spopulation, making it the most common vitamin deficit. There are multiple causes, mostly related to the modern lifestyle and ineffective exposition to the sun. The modern diet also lacks good sources of the vitamin, which makes supplementation the best option for optimal health. Supplements should be administered after serum level tests. Measurements below 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l) are indication for supplementation. How effective the supplementation is will depend on the type of supplement, individual’s genetic factors, and with what foods the supplement is taken with. Dietary reference values for adequate intake and tolerable upper limit should be taken into consideration as well. Serum levels above 30 ng/ml (above 70 nmol/l) are considered optimal for health. There is a risk of toxicity in cases of over-supplementation and serum levels above 150 ng/ml (375 nmol/l). Conclusion: The widespread vitamin D deficiency leads to many public health risks. Supplementation can have a therapeutic effect in many different conditions. To maximize the effect, and reduce the risks of toxicity, an individual assessment of the most appropriate regimen and the dosage of vitamin D supplementation is needed.
A note from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Tanaś Maciej
Published: January 2021

A note from the Editor-in-Chief
Barriers against and opportunities for distant higher education in the coronavirus COVID-19 situation
Authors: Siemieniecka Dorota
Published: January 2021

The aim of the conducted quantitative and qualitative research was to determine the barriers that students encounter when participating in classes taught distantly. The pilot study covered 50 NCU students in Toruń and was carried out in March and April 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the classes were completely transferred to the distant mode. A questionnaire consisting of 26 open and closed questions was the tool used in the research. The research focused on identifying the barriers faced by students during classes. The students described their needs in relation to the use of communicators and social networking sites by academic teachers, they were asked to describe how they imagined an ideal online lesson. The students drew attention to technical problems, disruption, and problems with access to the Internet. They find it difficult to use many tools (enabling synchronous classes). The research has shown that academic teachers do not have the necessary methodological competence to carry out the didactic process in distant forms. The students stress the existence of difficulties in contacting the teachers; they are often left without explanations or comments with the teaching materials uploaded on the platform.
‘What we give to others, come back to us’. The role of peer leadership in creating a positive school climate and bullying prevention
Authors: Tłuściak-Deliowska Aleksandra , Gubenko Alyona
Published: January 2021

In this article, the authors discuss the nature of peer-based prevention programs. The analyzes are conducted in the context of school bullying prevention and the associated need to build a friendly and safe school environment. Attention was paid to shaping a positive peer culture by involving young people in various types of prosocial activities. Peer leadership programs are a special kind of activity where the driving force is youth. Implementation of a peer program into school life enables the full potential of young people to be activated. Such programs mobilize young people to make positive changes in their social surroundings, to help themselves and others through constructive cooperation. Taking into account that these programs are carried out within the school environment, the condition of the effectiveness is the attitude of school toward such activities. It is important to foster positive peer relationships, to encourage students to participate and create the right conditions for change.
School functioning of students with neuromotor immaturity
Authors: Zielińska Maja , Goddard Blythe Sally
Published: January 2021

The objective of the article is to outline the problem of neuromotor immaturity in the context of school functioning. Research on neuromotor immaturity has been reviewed for child development and difficulties at school. It has been established that neuromotor immaturity constitutes an area of interest of scientists in many fields, including neurobiology, medicine, psychology, and pedagogy. Numerous studies provide information on the subject of the presence of a relationship between the student's difficulties in learning and neuromotor immaturity. The scientists reveal that children with problems in reading, writing, and counting show persistent and non-integrated primitive reflexes. The phenomenon is increasingly often observed in students at the stage of the elementary school not only in Poland but also in the world. The awareness of the problem and the expanding knowledge on neuromotor immaturity can contribute to a better understanding of the school difficulties of students and to using preventative measures and effective interventions.
Considering Discourse with Children through Animations
Authors: Demiral Seran
Published: January 2021

Children’s literature and art activities are not only useful for creativity but also quite functional for education through new understanding in the contemporary perspectives about learning. For instance, philosophy for children is a wide-spread methodology to reveal children’s potentials by building a “community of inquiry” at classrooms. Children’s books and animations can provide a magnificent starting point for those philosophical discussions. However, in many societies, children and young people are still underestimated that the usual point of view about children’s literature used to include ‘softer’ topics, which is likewise to be ‘censored’ compared to literature in general. All products for children have usually function to cultivate new generations according to traditional discourse underlying in society. The essential purpose of this paper is to reveal possibilities to shape traditional discourse into an expanded perspective with children utilizing discussion and critical thinking. It is supposed to analyze the artworks for children in variable ways, by embodying discourse within. In between education and entertainment, cultural products also expected to be age-appropriate. Besides the relation between adult-children distinction and all cultural products, specifically produced ‘for’ children, how children see themselves is directly related to how they interpret cultural products. In this paper, two short animations, Alike, and Ian which were watched together with a group of children in a private secondary school in Istanbul, Turkey, will be analyzed through children’s perspectives, with their expressions.
Career counselling in the sustainable development trend on the example of secondary schools in one of the Polish cities
Authors: Nowak Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

The article presents the theoretical aspects of sustainable development and career counselling. It also describes the expectations of young people and teachers towards career counselling, understood as a new strategy of joint efforts to create a good and safe future for the residents in which they have the certainty of finding decent jobs. The changes taking place in the modern world make the ways the young people were supported thus far insufficient.
Therefore, the author of this article undertook research aimed at determining what models of career counselling are preferred by young people and the teachers who work as career counsellors in schools, how students perceive the attractiveness of vocational schools, and how the teachers assess the adaptation of the vocational education system to the requirements of the local labour market. Author's own questionnaires were used. Diagnostic surveys were conducted among the participants of the project Vocational education in schools as a springboard to sustainable development of staff on the Legionowo’s labour market. The questionnaires were completed by 221 students and 13 teachers. Studies have shown that while 64% of students do not have a good opinion about the offer of vocational schools in Legionowo, 65% of those surveyed do not rule out working in the city. It was found that most of the surveyed teachers rate the adaptation of the vocational education system in the Legionowo's county to the a) requirements of the local labour market and b) the interest of students in career counselling as good. The study revealed two career counselling models preferred by the teachers: 1) a model of counselling carried out during hours available to the class teacher and during workshops with a career advisor and 2) a model in the framework of cooperation with the labour market. Both models coincide with youth-preferred forms of vocational counselling classes: 63% of students chose meetings with a career advisor, 40% of respondents mentioned visits to workplaces, Career offices, the Employment Bureau, 35% indicated participation in job fairs.