bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of seed rate and weed control methods on yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: ZAHOOR AHMAD GANIE  , SAMAR SINGH  , SAMUNDER SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment consisting of four seed rates and five weed control methods in split plot design was con- ducted in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results revealed that optimum seed rate for DSR was 17.5 kg/ ha and best weed control was achieved with PRE of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha fb POE bispyribac @ 25 g/ha + ready-mixchlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha at 30 DAS fb one HW 60 DAS.
Growth and yield of Ocimum sanctum in response to integrated nutrient management and plant spacing
Authors: N.S. RAINA  , M. RAFIQ  , K.K. SOOD  , A.S. BALI  , S.K. GUPTA  , S. SEHGAL
Published: December 2023

The present study was carried out during 2010 to work out the optimum integrated nutrient management and plant spacing in Ocimum sanctum L. under Jammu subtropics. The experiment was laid out in factorial random- ized block design with six fertilizer treatments and two plant spacings. Results from the study reveals that the con- junctive use of N @ 60 kg/ha and vermicompost @ 3 t/ha recorded maximum plant height (66.80 cm), number of branches (16.97), fresh and dry weight of leaves (77.92 and 16.36 g), fresh and dry weight of inflorescence (46.16 and 13.84 g/plant), fresh herb yield (8.92 t/ha), and essential oil yield (16.02 litre/ha). Out of two plant spacing closer plant spacing recorded maximum fresh herb yield (8.09 t/ha) and essential oil yield (13.37 litre/ha). Inte- grated dose of N @ 60 kg/ha and vermicompost @ 3 t/ha with a plant spacing of 40 cm 40 cm recorded maxi- mum fresh herb and essential oil yield of 10.91 t/ha and 19.88 litre/ha respectively.
Influence of preceding crops and nutrient management on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)based cropping system
Authors: V.P. USADADIYA  , R.H. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Anand to study the productivity and soil fertil- ity as affected by preceding crops and nutrient management in wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Paol & Fiori] based cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, keeping three preceding crops maize [Zea mays (L.)], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in main plots and two levels of vermicompost (0 and 2.0 t/ha vermicompost), two nitrogen levels (60 and 120 kg N/ha) and two levels of phosphorus (0 and 17.6 kg P/ha) in sub-plots. Growing soybean and greengram as the preceding crops resulted significantly higher grain and straw yields of wheat than preceding maize crop. Among the different cropping sequences, maximum system productivity in terms of wheat grain equivalent yield (WGEY) was recorded with soybeanwheat, which was 20.3 and 43.9% higher than that of greengramwheat (6.85 t/ha) and maizewheat (5.73 t/ha). Nutrient management in wheat crop produced the highest grain yield (3.60 t/ha), straw yield (5.39 t/ha) and harvest index (39.6%) of wheat under 2.0 t/ha vermicompost, which was 4.9% more over control (3.43 t/ha). Application of 120 kg N/ha and 17.6 kg P/ha were optimum for securing maxi- mum grain yield of wheat (3.67 t/ha) and net returns ( 38,469/ha). Soybeanwheat crop sequence secured maxi- mum net returns, WGEY, production efficiency and land use efficiency, when crop fertilized with 120 kg N and 17.6 kg P/ha.
Legume stover and nitrogen management effects on system productivity, energetics and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)-based cropping systems
Authors: T. KIRAN KUMAR  , D.S. RANA  , PANCH RAM MIRJHA
Published: December 2023

A fixed plot field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during the kharif and rabi season of 200910 and 201011 to evaluate the effect of cropping systems, legume residue management, and N levels on system pro- ductivity, energetic and economics of wheat {Triticum aestivum(L.) emend. Fiori & Paol}based cropping systems. The system productivity was the highest(8.62 t/ha)in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)wheat cropping system with residue incorporation closely followed by without residue incorporation (8.23t/ha). Groundnutwheat and soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merrill}wheat cropping system with residue incorporation recorded higher mean en- ergy use efficiency (11.84 and 11.80 respectively), while maize (Zea mays L.)wheat produced more gross energy output (268.7 103 MJ/ha) and net energy (242.55103 MJ/ha). On an average, groundnutwheat cropping system with residue incorporation recorded higher net returns (72.01 103 /ha), net returns per rupee invested (1.97) and system productivity (8.62 t/ha). System productivity, gross returns and net returns were the highest with 150 kgN/ ha, however application of 150 kg N/ha was statistically similar to 100 kg N/ha with regards to net returns and net returns per rupee invested. There was saving of 50 kg N/ ha in wheat cultivation, when it was grown as succeed- ing crop after legume.
Effect of sequential tillage practices and N levels on energy relations and use- efficiencies of irrigation water and N in maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: R.L. CHOUDHARY  , U.K. BEHERA
Published: December 2023

Field experiments were conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 at New Delhi to evaluate the effect of four se- quential combinations of conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) practices in conjunction with N levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) on energy relations and use-efficiencies of irrigation water (IWUE) and N (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} cropping system. ZT practices saved on an average 20 and 15 % input energy requirements over CT practices in maize and wheat, respectively. The maximum input energy requirement in maizewheat cropping system was recorded under CTCT tillage se- quence, whereas the minimum was recorded with ZTZT sequential tillage system. The gross and net output en- ergy productions by the maize-wheat cropping system were not influenced significantly due to different sequential tillage practices, however these were recorded maximum under CTZT sequential tillage system. Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11. ZT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTZT and ZTZT) resulted 46 % higher IWUE than CT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTCT and ZTCT). The energy relations, IWUE and NUE parameters of both the crops differed significantly due to various N levels. The input and output energy and IWUE increased significantly with each successive increase in levels of N from 0 to 120 kg N/ha, while reverse trends were observed with energy-use efficiency and NUE, which were decreased significantly from 0 to 180 kg N/ha. Consequently ZT involving sequential tillage practices in conjunction with application of 120 kg N/ha may be adopted to enhance resource-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system.
Effect of sunflower stover and nutrient management on productivity and nutrient uptake pattern of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in pigeonpeasunflower (Helianthus annuus) cropping system
Authors: SUBHASH BABU  , D.S. RANA  , K.S. RANA  , D. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

A fixed plot field experiment was carried out during kharif and spring seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at New Delhi, to study the effect of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stover and nitrogen + phosphorus management on pigeonpea {Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp}sunflower cropping system. Effect of treatments on the on yield at- tributes, productivity, economics and nutrient uptake pattern of pigeonpea has been given in this paper. Kharif season experiment was laid out in split-plot design, assigning sunflower stover incorporation (8 tonnes/ha) and no stover incorporation (control) to main plots and combinations of P levels and bio-fertilizers (Control, 15 kg P/ha, 15kg P/ha+PSB and 30kg P/ha) to sub-plots. Spring season experiments was laid out in split-split plot design, in which NP doses to sunflower crop (Control, 50% recommended dose (RD) of NP and RD of NP (80 kg N+15 kg P/ ha) were applied in sub-sub plots. Kharif season experiment in second year was laid out in split-split plot design to investigate the residual effect of NP doses applied to spring season sunflower on pigeonpea crop. Sunflower sto- ver incorporation reduced the yield attributes (number of pods/plant, number of grains/pod, grain yield/plant, 1,000-grains weight), grain yield, nutrient uptake and gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio of pigeonpea. Ad- verse effect of sunflower stover incorporation was more pronounced during second year. Reduction in pigeonpea grain yield was 4.9% and 25.8% in the first and second year respectively. Effect of P levels on pigeonpea was sig- nificant and the highest number of pods/plant, number of grains/pod, grain yield/plant, 1,000-grains weight and grain yield (1.63 and 1.32 t/ha), nutrient uptake, gross and net returns and B:C ratio were recorded with the appli- cation of 30 kg P/ha, followed by 15 kg P/ha+PSB. Marked effect of PSB integration with 15 kg P over 15 kg P alone was significant only during first year. Residual effect of RD of NP applied to preceding sunflower crop also improved the yield attributes, yields, nutrient uptake and gross and net returns and B:C ratio of succeeding pigeonpea crop under pigeonpea-sunflower cropping system. Significant interaction between P applied to pigeonpea during second year and residual effect of P applied to sunflower during first year was recorded, indicat- ing saving of 15 kg P in pigeonpea due to residual effect.
Irrigation and nitrogen management in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and their residual effects on succeeding maize (Zea mays)
Authors: S.K. VERMA  , L.K. IDNANI  , ASHOK KUMAR
Published: December 2023

Field experiment was conducted in two consecutive rabi and summer seasons (OctoberJuly) of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at New Delhi to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and their residual effect on succeeding maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two irrigation methods (conventional furrow irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation) and three irri- gation regimes (60, 80 and 100 mm CPE) in the main plots and four nitrogen levels (90 kg N through urea + 30 kg N/ha through FYM, 120 kg N/ha through urea, 120 kg N through urea + 30 kg N/ha through FYM and 150 kg N/ hathrough urea) in sub-plots with three replications. Results indicated that significantly higher number of shoots/ hill, plant height, fresh and dry weight of haulms, fresh and dry weight of tubers/hill, yield of different grade tubers and total tuber and biological yields were obtained with conventional furrow irrigation as compared with alternate furrow irrigation in rotation. Among the irrigation regimes, irrigation at 60 mm CPE recorded significantly the high- est growth characters, yield attributes and total tuber and biological yields over irrigation at 80 and 100 mm CPE. Effects of N management on growth, yield components and yield was maximum with application of 120 kg N (urea) + 30 kg N/ha through (FYM), which was at par with 150 kg N/ha through urea. Residual effect of irrigation methods and regimes applied to potato on grain, stover and biological yields of maize was found to be non-signifi- cant. Significant residual effect of N management treatments applied to potato was noticed on maize. Residual ef- fect of 120 kg N (urea) + 30 kg N/ha through (FYM) applied to potato recorded the highest grain, stover and bio- logical yields and protein content of maize and it was at par with 150 kg N/ha through urea applied to potato.
Effect of early sowing, N levels and seed rates on yield and yield attributes of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties
Authors: S.C.TRIPATHI  , SUBHASH CHANDER  , RAJ PAL MEENA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years during 2007 to 2010 at Karnal by using three high yielding disease resistant wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] varieties namely PBW 502, HD 2687 and DBW 17 with two sowing time (last week of October and mid November), two seed rates (100 and 125 kg/ha) and two N rates (150 and 200 kg/ha) and replicated thrice. Pooled analysis revealed that early sowing pro- duced 10.06 % higher grain yield than normal sowing due to higher biomass, spikes/m2, harvest index and thou- sand grain weight. This was achieved due to 15 days earlier flowering in early sown, which provided more condu- cive environment for proper growth and development of wheat grain than timely sowing. Among varieties, HD 2687 produced significantly higher grain yield than other varieties. Application of 50 kg more N/ha than recom- mended dose exhibited significantly higher grain yield, whereas 25 % higher seed rate application showed no sig- nificant effect on grain yield. October sowing recorded higher gross returns (9.6%), net returns (19.3%) and benefit cost ratio (2.01) than mid November sowing.
Fertilizer schedule under limited irrigation with zero-tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa) in north-west Himalayas
Authors: S.C. NEGI  , J. SHEKHAR  , B.S. MANKOTIA  , GURUDEV SINGH
Published: December 2023

Field experiment was conducted for two years during 2005-06 and 2006-07 at CSKHPKV, Rice and Wheat Re- search Centre, Malan to find out the fertilizer schedule for limited irrigation zero-tilled wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.}. Five nitrogen levels viz., 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha along with 40 kg P O and 40 kg K O/ 2 5 2 ha in main plots and three time-methods of fertilizer application viz. M1: Placement of 1/3 N with full P and K as basal & topdressing 2/3 N at first node stage, M : Broadcast of 1/ N with full P and K as basal & topdressing 2/3 N at 2 3 first node stage, and M : Broadcast of full P and K as basal & full N one month after sowing, in sub-plots were 3 tested using split plot design replicated thrice. Significant response of wheat to nitrogen application was observed up to 150 kg N/ha, which was more profitable too. Grain and straw yield of the crop was significantly higher at 150 kg N/ha compared to lower levels. Increase was 30.6 (0.75 t/ha) and 27.0 (0.59 t/ha) per cent over the 90 kg N/ha in first and second year, respectively. Mean net returns were 33,950/ha and benefit : cost ratio 2.45 were the highest at 150 kg N/ha. N use efficiency was 11.0 & 13.2 kg grain/kg N applied at this level in 2005-06 and 2006- 07, respectively. The relationship between grain yield and N was quadratic in nature predicting still higher dose of optimum N. Wheat grain yield was significantly varied by time and method of fertilization application. In 2005-06 which was a drought like year at initial phase, application of full dose of N one month after sowing (M ) recorded 3 significantly higher grain yield (2.69 t/ha) compared to 1/ N applied at sowing time and 2/3 N at first node in M and 3 1 M treatments. Whereas in 2006-07 rainfall was comparatively well distributed and application of 1/3 N with full P 2 and K as basal placement (M ) recorded significantly higher values of grain yield and straw yield compared to M 1 2 and M treatments. Similarly M was more economical (net returns 30,307/ha, 2.32 B:C) in drought like year and 3 3 M in 2006-07. Thus, placement of 50 kg N, 40 kg P O and 40 kg K O/ha as basal dose followed by topdressing 1 2 5 2 of 100 kg N/ha at first node stage be adopted to realize more productivity of zero-tilled wheat under limited irriga- tion conditions in north western Himalayas. However, if there is dry spell during the initial crop phase, Broadcast of full P & K as basal and full N one month of sowing is also effective.
Integrated nutrient management for sustaining the productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) based intercropping systems under rainfed condition
Authors: I.B. PANDEY  , S.K. SINGH  , S. TIWARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment to study the effect of integrated nutrient management for sustaining the productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] based intercropping systems was conducted for six consecutive years dur- ing 2005-06 to 2010-11 at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar. Pigeonpea+urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] intercropping system, recorded higher yield of pigeonpea (1.85 t/ha), pigeonpea equivalent yield (2.17 t/ ha), LER (2.29), production efficiency (8.56 Kg/ha/day), water use efficiency (2.96 Kg grain/ha/mm), fruiting effi- ciency (17.16%) net return ( 67.3103/ha) and net return per rupee investment (3.05) as compared to pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea. Pigeonpea + urdbean intercropping enhanced total ni- trogen uptake and reduced total potassium uptake by the system, than pigeonpea + maize intercropping. Integra- tion of FYM 5.0 tonnes or vermicompost 2.5 tonnes together with RDF proved effective and recorded significantly higher yields of pigeonpea, pigeonpea equivalent yield, LER, production efficiency, fruiting efficiency, water use efficiency, net returns and total NPK uptake by the system than RDF alone. However, higher net returns per rupee investment was recorded in combined application of FYM 5.0 t/ha and RDF (3.01). Seed inoculation with PSB ex- erted significant effect only on net return ( 64.4103/ha) than un inoculated seed ( 60.2103/ha). Lower value of aggressivity was recorded under combined application of FYM 5.0 tonnes/ha or vermicompost 2.5 tonnes/ha and RDF. Pigeonpea + Urdbean intercropping and combined application of FYM 5.0 tonnes/ha or vermicompost 2.5 tonne/ha and RDF improved bulk density and organic carbon and increased available N,P, K content of the soil over initial soil value.
Indian Journal of Agronomy 58 (2): 215__219 (June 2013) Research Paper
Authors: DIVAKAR DEV  , VIVEK  , SHEESH PAL SINGH  , RAVINDRA KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Meerut during rabi season 20052006 and 20062007, in a spilt plot de- sign with four replications to find out the effect of weed management and tillage methods on wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]. The tillage methods as main-plots treatment comprised of zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage, whereas weed control practices as sub-plot comprised of five treatments viz. sulfosulforon 25 g/ha, isoproturon 750 g + 2,4-D 250 g/ha, metribuzin 250 g/ha applied at 30 days after sowing, weed free and weedy cheek. The highest yield attributes and yield were noticed under conventional tillage fol- lowed by zero tillage. Minimum weed density and dry matter accumulation was found under zero tillage. Zero till- age was most economical. Among the methods of weed control, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha gave excellent control of weeds and increased the yield attributes and yield, gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. Thus zero tillage in combination with application of sulfosulfuron 25g/ha was found effective to manage weeds and increase wheat grain yield.
Effect of moisture conservation and sulphur sources on productivity and water use efficiency of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) under rainfed conditions
Authors: J.P. TETARWAL  , BALDEV RAM  , D.S. MEENA  , S.S. TOMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Aklera, Jhalawar to find out the best moisture conservation practice and sulphur source for increasing productivity, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss] under rainfed conditions. Straw mulch @ 4 t/ha ap- plied at 21 DAS + kaolin 6% spray at 60 DAS significantly increased the growth, yield attributes, seed (1.65 t/ha), oil yield (629.3 kg/ha), nutrients (NPS) uptake and net return ( 20,197/ha) compared to other moisture conserva- tion practices. Amongst the sulphur sources, bentonite sulphur gave significantly higher growth, yield attributes, seed yield (1.50 t/ha), oil yield (568.3 kg/ha), nutrients (NPS) uptake, net return ( 18,948/ha) and B: C ratio (1.18) than other sources of sulphur. Maximum production and economic efficiencies, consumptive use (212 mm), rate of moisture use (1.55 mm/day) and water use efficiency (7.80 kg/ha-mm) were with straw mulch 4 t/ha + kaolin 6% spray over no mulch. Application of bentonite sulphur gave higher production and economic efficiencies, con- sumptive water use (208 mm), rate of moisture use (1.52 mm/day) and water use efficiency (7.22 kg/ha-mm) than to gypsum and wettable sulphur.
Nutrient and water use by Bt. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under drip fertigation
Authors: D.D. PAWAR  , S.K. DINGRE  , B.D. BHAKRE  , U.S. SURVE
Published: December 2023

Field experiment was conducted for three years from 20082010 on medium clay soil at Rahuri to find out the effect of drip fertigation on growth, yield, water use and nutrient dynamics for Bt Cotton {Gossypium hirsutum (L.)}. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments replicated three times. Pooled data of three years indicated that drip resulted into 21.5 to 23% increase in yield with 53.7% water saving, whereas drip with fertigation resulted into 43 to 66% increase in seed cotton yield with equal amount of water sav- ing as compared to conventional method. The maximum seed cotton yield (4.53 t/ha) was recorded when 125% fertigation was given. However, it was on par with 100% and 75% fertigation treatments. The seed cotton yield (3.91 t/ha) obtained under 75% fertigation was on par with 100% conventional fertilizer applied through soil (3.46 t/ ha) indicated 25% fertilizer saving under fertigation. The mobility of nutrients was observed more in drip fertigation than conventional method. N and K moved upto 30 cm, while P moved 15 cm laterally and vertically. The uptake of nutrients was also relatively more in fertigation treatments than rest of the other treatments. Maximum water use efficiency (1.42 t/hacm) was obtained in treatment, where 125% water soluble fertilizers were applied through drip. The 75% drip fertigation as per schedule B was found best practice to obtain better yield and improve nutri- ent and water use of Bt. cotton.
Effect of fertigation on stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) under drip irrigation
Authors: M.S. BEHERA  , O.P. VERMA  P.K. MAHAPATRA  , R.B. SINGANDHUPE  , A. KUMAR  , K. KANNAN  , P.S. BRAHMANAND
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar (Odisha) during rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, Bertoni), grown in rice fallow. The treatments included three irrigation regimes (I - drip irriga- 1 tion at 100% PE, I at 80% PE and I at 60% PE) and three fertility levels (F -100%, F 75% and F - 50% recom- 2 3 1 2 3 mended dose of 110-45-45 kg N-P O -K O/ha) with an extra treatment as control having surface irrigation with soil 2 5 2 application of fertilizers were tested in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Pooled data of two years showed that drip fertigation improved fresh leaf by 4.9 %, dry leaf by 4.0 % and total biomass yield by 2.04 % over conventional surface irrigation with soil application of fertilizer. Irrigation through drip at 100% PE pro- duced maximum fresh leaf (8.95 t/ha), dry leaf (2.74 t/ha) and total biomass yield (34.44 t/ha). Application of 100% RD (F ) gave highest quantity of fresh leaf (8.21 t/ha), dry leaf (2.53 t/ha) and biomass (33.50 t/ha) compared to 1 75% RD and 50% RD. Application of irrigation at 100% PE with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer produced 9.13 t of fresh leaf 2.90 t dry leaf and 35.0 t biomass yield per hectare and; improved glycoside contents. However, the magnitude of N, P and K contents in both soils and plants have also been enhanced with 100% fertilizer appli- cation of N, P O and K O (110-45-45 kg/ha) compared to lower levels. 2 5 2
Influence of distillery spentwash ferti-irrigation on productivity, economics and nutrient uptake in banana (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: D. KRISHNAMURTHY  , S. BHASKAR  , H.S. SHIVARAMU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out in a loamy soil to study the effect of distillery spentwash ferti-irrigation under different combinations in banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine from 2008 to 2010 at the Shanthi farm of the M/s Gemini Distilleries Pvt. Ltd., Nanjangud, Mysore. The experiment consisted of nine treatments, of which five treatments were based on nitrogen supply, three treatments on potassium supply through distillery spentwash irrigation and one recommended dose of fertilizer to banana. Application of 25% N through fertilizers plus 75% N through distillery spentwash irrigation recorded higher bunch yield (74.6 and 67.9 t/ha of main and ratoon crop, re- spectively), growth parameters, yield components, nutrients uptake and B:C ratio (4.79 and 8.07, respectively) as compared to other treatments.
Effect of seed rate and sowing depth on growth, yield attributes and yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: HAR VIR SINGH  , GIRISH JHA  , SUBHASH BABU  , A.K. JHA
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills regions of Madhya Pradesh during rabi season of 200910, to evaluate the effect of 4 seed rates (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and 3 seeding depths (2, 4 and 6 cm) with wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} variety GW-273. A seed rate of 80 kg/ha and 2 cm sow- ing depth showed maximum leaf area index, yield attributes and yield of wheat under irrigated conditions of Madhya Pradesh.
Performance of soybean (Glycine max)-based cropping sequences under organic, inorganic and integrated nutrient supply systems in a Vertisols
Authors: SHRIKANT CHITALE  , ALOK TIWARI  , SANDEEP BHOI  , RAMA MOHAN SAVU  , H.S. TOMAR  , J.S. URKURKAR
Published: December 2023

Experiments were conducted at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during 200405 to 200809 (five years) with the objective to develop efficient crop and soil management options for organic farming and their after effects on productivity and sustainability of 4 soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.}-based cropping sys- tems with wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol}, berseem (Trifolium alexandrium), mustard {Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.} and chickpea {Cicer arietinum (L.)} under organic, inorganic and integrated nutrient supply system. In the first year of study, inorganic nutrient supply system (INS) recorded markedly higher yield in all the cropping systems. However, from the second year onwards, integrated plant nutrient supply system (IPNS) produced higher yield in all the four cropping systems studied and found better than INS. Production in all the four cropping systems with organic manuring alone (ONS) was significantly lower than with INS, although the differ- ences decreased as the cropping systems progressed over years. Organic farming system can be profitable only if a price premium of 20% or above is provided. From the view point of soil fertility, IPNS was the best followed by organic nutrient supply system (ONS), while the application of chemical fertilizer alone (INS) recorded the lowest values of available N, P and K and bacterial count.
Productivity and profitability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system as affected by nutrient omissions
Authors: ASHAQ HUSSAIN  , DINESH KUMAR  , D.S. RANA  , B. GANGAIAH  , B.S. DWIVEDI  , R.N. SAHOO
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} cropping system was conducted at New Delhi during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The experiment had 20 treatments, laid out in randomized block design with three replications in fixed plots. Treatments comprised omission of N, P, K, S and Zn, 50% omission of N, P, and K , absolute control (no nu- trient applied) and optimum plane of nutrition (150-26.4 -50-15-3 kg/ha N-P-K-S-Zn). Each of the 10 treatments was duplicated and randomized so that there were 20 plots within each replication for cotton. Same nutrient omis- sion treatments were tested on wheat in 50% of plots and uniform N was applied in the remaining 50% of the plots. Yield in cotton was estimated in terms of seed cotton, and stalk yield. Nitrogen proved to be most limiting nu- trient and there was a reduction in the seed cotton yield to the tune of 28%, 6.5% and 14.5% due to N, P and K omissions during the year 2010. N continued to be the most limiting nutrient followed by P and K during the year 2011. The corresponding figures for the year 2011 were 26.5 %, 15.5% and 12.4 % respectively. The yield reduc- tion in seed cotton yield due to S and Zn omission ranged from 2.0-5.0%, which was statistically at par with opti- mum nutrition treatment during both the years The reduction in the grain yield of wheat due to N, P and K omission was 35%, 9.5% and 2%, respectively during the year 2010-2011 and the corresponding figures for the year 2011- 12 were 48.5%, 11.1% and 7.7%, respectively. The reduction in grain yield due to S and Zn omission was mar- ginal and ranged from 2.0-2.5% during both the years. Highest net profit of 1,33,340 and 1,58,340 was earned from cotton-wheat cropping system during the years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively, in the optimum nutrition plots.
Evaluation of microbial culture (Jeevamrit) preparation and its effect on productivity of field crops
Authors: C.S. AULAKH  , HARGOPAL SINGH  , S.S. WALIA  , R.P. PHUTELA  , GURMINDER SINGH
Published: December 2023

Jeevamrit, a microbial culture, prepared especially from dung and urine of Indian cow is generally advocated for use in organic farming to meet the nutritional requirement of crops. Laboratory studies and field experiments were conducted to know the microbial composition and nutrient content of jeevamrit and its effect on the perfor- mance of rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} and maize (Zea mays L.) wheat cropping systems. The pH of jeevamrit prepared from buffalo, Indian cow and hybrid cow decreased from 8.32, 7.89 and 7.71 at the start to 3.86, 3.65 and 3.56, respectively after 5 days of incubation. The microbial count increased from its initial values in all the cultures. The bacterial count of jeevamrit prepared from Indian cows dung and urine was highest followed by hybrid cow and buffalo, where as the fungal count was highest in jeevamrit prepared from hybrid cows dung and urine followed by Indian cow and buffalo. Jeevamrit prepared from Indian cow and hybrid cows dung and urine did not differ much in the microbial count (bacteria and fungi). The nutrient contents were 0.22, 0.04 and 0.60 g nitrogen, 0.11, 0.04 and 0.06 g phosphorus, 1.09, 0.28 and 0.75 g potassium and 0.46, 0.43 and 0.39 g sulphur in each litre of jeevamrit prepared from buffalo, Indian cow and hy- brid cows dung and urine, respectively; showing relatively higher contents of these nutrients in case of buffalo. The carbon content was more in jeevamrit prepared from dung and urine of Indian cow followed by buffalo and hy- brid cow. The field application of jeevamrit over two years (200910 and 201011) neither alone nor in combina- tion with chemical fertilizers or farmyard manure influenced the grain yield of rice, maize and wheat in ricewheat and maizewheat cropping systems indicating its inability to supply nutrients to the crops in needed quantities ei- ther directly or indirectly through mobilization of native nutrients from the soil.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems for higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency under irrigated ecosystem of Jharkhand
Authors: DEVKANT PRASAD  , M.S. YADAVA  , C.S. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Kanke, Ranchi under irrigated condition in 200809 and 200910 to evaluate the production potential, nutrient uptake, resource use efficiency and economics of eight rice (Oryza sa- tiva L.)-based cropping systems. Eight cropping systems viz. ricefallow, ricewheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol}, ricemustard {Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson}greengram {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek}, ricerajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)greengram, ricepotato (Solanum tuberosum L.)greengram, ricewheat + mustard (5:1)greengram, ricewheat + rajmash (5:1)greengram, and ricepotato + wheat (1:1) greengram were evaluated in the study. Among the cropping systems, ricepotato + wheat (1:1)greengram crop- ping system recorded highest system productivity (20.39 t REGY/ha), land use efficiency (95.89), production effi- ciency (55.58 kg REGY/ha/day) and employment generation (293 man days/ha) as compared to other cropping systems. Crop sequences with potato as rabi crop resulted in significantly higher N, P and K uptake, while S up- take was significantly higher in ricemustardgreengram sequence. Economic analysis revealed that the maxi- mum net profit (125 103 /ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.61) and monetary efficiency (342.7 /ha/day) were recorded in ricepotatogreengram crop sequence closely followed by ricepotato + wheat (1:1)greengram, which were significantly superior over other cropping systems. Based on study, ricepotato + wheat (1:1)greengram and ricepotatogreengram were found to be the most productive, resource-use efficient and remunerative cropping system under irrigated conditions and can be followed in place of ricewheat or ricefallow systems for higher profitability.
Productivity and economics of quality protein maize (Zea mays) as influenced by nitrogen levels, its scheduling and sulphur application
Authors: ROSHAN CHAUDHARY  , D. SINGH  , V. NEPALIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2010 and 2011 at Udaipur to ascertain suitable nitro- gen level (125, 150 and 175 kg N/ha), appropriate schedule of nitrogen application (3, 4 and 5 splits) with and without sulphur (control and 40 kg S/ha) for quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in soils having medium fertility sta- tus. Results pooled over two years indicated that dry matter accumulation recorded under 175 kg N/ha was signifi- cantly higher over 150 and 125 kg N/ha at successive growth stages, while crop growth rate increased signifi- cantly upto 150 kg N/ha. Application of 175 kg N/ha significantly increased yield attributing parameters conse- quently yield and nutrient uptake, N status of soil and proved economically profitable to 150 and 125 kg N/ha. Staggering of nitrogen application in 4 equal splits as 25% at sowing + 25% at 46 leaf stage + 25% at knee high stage + 25% at 50% tasseling stages showed marked improvement in growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient up- take, N status of soil and proved economically beneficial compared to recommended 3 splits of nitrogen applica- tion. Application of 40 kg S/ha affirmed potential role in enhancing productivity of quality protein maize and also proved economically profitable compared to control.
Effect of planting techniques and irrigation scheduling on productivity and water use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata)
Authors: AMIT PAINYULI  , M.S. PAL  , AMIT BHATNAGAR  , A.S. BISHT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar in spring of 2009 and 2010 to study the response of planting techniques and irrigation schedules on productivity and profitability of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). The ex- periment consisted of three planting techniques viz. flat planting, flat planting followed by earthing up at 25 days after sowing and ridge planting, and four irrigation schedules i.e. irrigation at 50, 75 and 100 mm CPE and crop critical growth stages (knee high, tasseling, silking and grain filling ) was laid out at factorial randomized block de- sign with three replications. The pooled results revealed that the increase in green cobs and fodder yields was 5.1 and 15.2% and 5.0 and 12.6% on ridge planted over flat + earthing up and flat planted sweet corn, respectively. Similarly ridge planting was found superior with highest water use efficiency and net profit. Among the irrigation schedules, irrigation at 75 mm CPE gave 5.9, 10.7 and 13.9% higher green cobs than irrigation scheduled at 50 mm CPE and 100 mm CPE and critical growth stages, respectively. Besides, ridge planting with irrigation sched- uled at 75 mm CPE had the highest water use efficiency and net profit. It is therefore concluded that spring sweet corn may be planted on ridges and irrigation be scheduled at 75 mm CPE for higher productivity, profitability and water use efficiency.
Integrated use of fertilizers and manures with foliar application of iron in barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: SHRIPAL CHOUDHARY  , L.R. YADAV  , S.S. YADAV  , O.P. SHARMA  , G.L. KESHWA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on integrated use of fertilizers and manures with foliar application of iron in barley {Hordeum vulgare (L.)} was conducted at Jobner on loamy sand soil during two consecutive rabi seasons of 200910 and 201011. Results of the study revealed that application of 50% RDF + VC @ 2 t/ha recorded significant increase in dry matter accumulation (DMA)/metre row length (364.5 g), yield attributes viz., spike length (10 cm), number of spikes/metre row length (81.6), grains/spike (48.9) and test weight (43.0 g) as well as grain (5.48 t/ha) and straw yield (7.85 t/ha). Application of 50% RDF + VC @ 2 t/ha also recorded significantly higher total uptake of N (111.1 kg/ha), P ((20.1 kg/ha), K (28.1 kg/ha), and Fe (8,399 g/ha) by barley. Application of 0.5% FeSO as foliar spray at 4 tillering + flowering stages resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation (342.1 g), higher yield attributes and grain (5.27 t/ha) and straw yield (7.37 t/ha) with higher total nutrient uptake. Interactive effect on grain yield was found significant between fertilizers, organic manure and foliar spray of iron. Application of 50% RDF + VC @ 2 t/ha along with foliar application of iron 0.5% FeSO at tillering + flowering stage gave significantly higher yield 4 over control.
Effect of harvesting stages on juice quality and ethanol yield in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars during rabi
Authors: Y.M. RAMESHA  , SHARANAPPA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2008 and 2009 in red sandy clay loam soil at Agriculture Re- search Station, Kathalagere, Karnataka to study the effect of harvesting stages on juice quality and ethanol yield in sweet sorghum {Sorghum bicolor Moench} cultivars. There were four cultivars ('NSSH 1', 'RSSV 9', 'SSV 84' and 'SSV 74') and three harvesting stages (50% flowering, milky stage and maturity). The cultivar 'NSSH 1' re- corded significantly higher brix (14.5), pol (8.4), available sugar (4.4%), calculated sugar yield (132.7 kg/ha), millable stalk (29.5 t/ha), green biomass (32.9 t/ha), juice (10,914 Vha) and ethanol yield (538.4 Vha) as compared to 'RSSV 9', 'SSV 84' and 'SSV 74'. The crop harvested at maturity recorded significantly higher brix (14.8), pol (8.7), available sugar (4.7%), calculated sugar yield (136.6 kg/ha), millable stalk (29.1 t/ha) and green biomass yield (31.7 t/ha) compared to crop harvested at 50% flowering stage and milky stage- But, juice (9,777 Ilha) and ethanol yield (474.5 Vha) were significantly higher when the crop harvested at milky stage- The 'NSSH 1' har- vested at milky stage recorded significantly higher juice (1 1 ,415 1/ ha) and ethanol yield (591 -O l/ha)-
Optimizing sulphur application in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) under irrigated semi-arid tropical conditions
Authors: PARVENDER SHEORAN  , VIRENDER SARDANA  , SHER SINGH  , O.P. SHEORAN  , DEV RAJ
Published: December 2023

A field experiment comprising varying levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S/ha) applied through different sources (ammonium sulphate, single super phosphate, gypsum and elemental sulphur) was conducted on loamy sand soil at Ludhiana, Punjab during spring seasons of 2008 and 2009 to identify the optimum dose and better source of sulphur for higher sunflower productivity. Significant improvement in seed yield of sunflower was observed with each incremental dose of sulphur up to 40 kg S/ha with 6.99.0% yield superiority over control. The application of graded doses of sulphur at the rates of 20 and 40 kg S/ha through gypsum increased the seed yield over control by 8.6 and 10.7%, respectively, whereas the corresponding increases were 8.5 and 10.4% for ammonium sul- phate, 5.4 and 7.3% for single super phosphate and 4.9 and 7.5% for elemental sulphur at the respective levels of sulphur nutrition. Highest seed yield (2.66 t/ha), oil content (42.9%), net returns ( 46.3 103/ha) and B:C ratio (4.08) was recorded with application of 40 kg S/ha applied through gypsum. Positive and highly significant correla- tion was observed between seed yield and head diameter (r=0.977**), dry matter accumulation (r=0.935), seed weight (r=0.810**). Oil content in the seed recorded a positive and highly significant relationship with uptake of N (r=0.984**), P (r=0.993**) and S (r=0.978**), signifying the importance of balanced nutrition in improving the oil content. Almost similar seed yield can be obtained with economic optimum dose of sulphur, indicating the saving of S ranging from 0.4 to 6.6 kg/ha depending upon the source.
Integarted weed management in onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: A.H. KALHAPURE  , B.T. SHETE  , P.S. BODAKE
Published: December 2023

An integrated weed management study on onion (Allium cepa L.) was conducted in two consecutive kharif sea- sons of years 2010 and 2011 in a randomized block design with 9 treatments, having combinations of hand weed- ing with application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha pre-plant incorporation (PPI) and oxyfluorfen @ 0.250 kg/ha post-emergence (PoE). Weed management with three hand weedings (HW) at 20, 40 and 60 DAT recorded sig- nificantly lowest weed density, dry weight of weeds and higher weed control efficiency and maximum in all the growth and yield attributes of onion viz. plant height, neck thickness, bulb weight, bulb diameter and bulb yield. Highest net monetary returns ( 110.3 103/ha) and B:C ratio (2.76) were obtained with the application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha (PPI) + oxyfluorfen @ 0.250 kg/ha (PoE) + One hand wedding at 40 DAT, which was found practically more convenient and economically feasible weed management method in onion.
Effect of land configuration and soil conditioners on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Authors: R.B. ARDESHNA  , M.K. ARVADIA  , R.G. PATIL  , N.G. SAVANI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2007-08 and 2008-09) to study the effect of land configuration and soil conditioners on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on clayey soil of Navsari (Gujarat). Four land configurations viz., ridge and furrow method, raised bed (50 cm width) with 2 rows, raised bed (75 cm width ) with 3 rows and raised bed (120 cm width) with 4 rows and three soil conditioners viz., bio-compost @ 12.5 t/ha, bio-compost @ 25 t/ha and biocompost @ 12.5 t/ha + gypsum @ 2 t/ha were evaluated. Raised bed planting had favourable effect on growth and yield of turmeric as compared to ridge and furrow planting. Raised bed with either 3 or 4 rows were equally effective in improving plant growth of turmeric. However, raised bed with 3 rows land configuration recorded significantly higher fresh rhizome yield (21.78 t/ha), the yield advantage being 26.6, 16.4 and 13.9% over ridge and furrow method, raised bed with 4 rows and raised bed with 2 rows, respec- tively. Application of biocompost @ 25 t/ha recorded significantly the highest rhizome yield (20.90 t/ha) and the magnitude of response was to the tune of 17.8 and 10.2% as compared to bio-compost @ 12.5 t/ha and bio-com- post @ 12.5 t/ha + gypsum @ 2 t/ha, respectively. Interaction effect between land configuration and soil condi- tioner was found significant and the combination involving raised bed with 3 rows and biocompost @ 25 t/ha re- corded the maximum fresh rhizome yield (25.38 t/ha). These treatments also accrued the maximum net realization and B:C ratio.
Integrated weed management in damask rose (Rosa damascena) nursery
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR  , RAKESH DEOSHARAN SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted at the experimental farm of CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur during 2008 and 2009 to assess the effect of different weed control methods viz., chemical, physical and cultural on weed management and growth rate of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) nursery. Atrazine @ 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha and metribuzin @ 0.75 and 1.50 kg/ha were applied as pre emergence in combination with one hand weeding at 4 months after planting. Both the herbicides were effective in reducing the weed population and biomass. Black polythene mulch was quite effective in controlling weeds, improving establishment and growth of nursery plants. Higher weed control efficiency (97.6%) next to weed free treatment was recorded in black polythene mulch as compared to other treatments. Use of black polythene mulch provided higher value of in- creased yield ( 19.2 105/ha) while net income was higher due to application of atrazine @1.0 kg/ha+ 1 H.W. ( 22.1 105/ha).
Evaluation of integrated nutrient management and plant density on productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification in midhills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: PRIYANKA GAUTAM  , G.D. SHARMA  , RACHANA RANA  , B. LAL  , EKTA JOSHI
Published: December 2023

Agronomic feasibility and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under SRI, with three levels of each FYM (0, 10 and 20 t/ha) and NPK (0, 50 and 100 % RDF) and two plant densities (11 and 25 hills/m2) were evaluated in a field experiment conducted during 2009 at the Research Farm of CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. Signifi- cantly highest grain (4.99 t/ha) and straw (7.47t/ha) yields were recorded with the 20 t FYM/ha and application 100% RDF gave significantly highest grain (4.86 t/ha) and straw yield (7.29 t/ha) at plant density of 25 hills/m2. Significantly highest net returns ( 43,925) and higher B: C ratio (2.3) were obtained at 100% RDF. Plant density of 11 hills/m2 gave highest net returns ( 37962) and B: C ratio (2.24).
Effect of varieties and nitrogen management on nematodes infestation and productivity of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: JITESH K. BAGHEL  , Y.V. SINGH  , DINESH KUMAR  , G. ABRAHAM  , SANJAY SINGH
Published: December 2023

Influence of integrated nitrogen application and varieties under aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated during wet season of 2010 at New Delhi. Treatment included four rice varieties viz., Jaldi Dhan 13; Pusa Sugandh 5; Anjali and Pusa 834 and four nitrogen (N) application options including N control (N ), recom- 0 mended dose of N (120 kg N/ha) through urea and two combinations (60:60 and 90:30) of urea and vermicompost (VC). Results showed that Pusa Sugandh 5 superseded other varieties in growth and yield parameters. Maxi- mum grain yield (3.98 t/ha) was recorded with 90 kg N through urea + 30 kg N/ha through VC. Anjali showed maximum tolerance to root knot nematodes, while Pusa sugandh 5 was most susceptible. N application through chemical fertilizer significantly reduced the nematode population over control. Highest net returns ( 61,885/ha) obtained from Pusa Sugandh 5 and 90 kg N (urea) + 30 kg N (VC)/ha ( 61,273/ha).