bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tele-ICU “Myth Busters”
Authors: Venditti Angelo , Ronk Chanda , Kopenhaver Tracey , Fetterman Susan
Published: November 2019

Tele–intensive care unit (ICU) technology has been proven to bridge the gap between available resources and quality care for many health care systems across the country. Tele-ICUs allow the standardization of care and provide a second set of eyes traditionally not available in the ICU. A growing body of literature supports the use of tele-ICUs based on improved outcomes and reduction in errors. To date, the literature has not effectively outlined the limitations of this technology related to response to changes in patient care, interventions, and interaction with the care team. This information can potentially have a profound impact on service expectations. Some misconceptions about tele-ICU technology include the following: tele-ICU is “watching” 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; tele-ICU is a telemetry unit; tele-ICU is a stand-alone crisis intervention tool; tele-ICU decreases staffing at the bedside; tele-ICU clinical roles are clearly defined and understood; and tele-ICUs are not cost-effective to operate. This article outlines the purpose of tele-ICU technology, reviews outcomes, and “busts” myths about tele-ICU technology.
Virtual Rapid Response
Authors: Hawkins Carrie L.
Published: November 2019

The first of its kind in the Veterans Affairs (VA) system, the Denver VA Medical Center’s tele–intensive care unit (ICU) program is unique because it is entirely nurse driven. A nontraditional tele-ICU model, the program was tailored to meet the needs of rural veterans by using critical care nursing expertise in Denver, Colorado. An experienced CCRN-certified nurse manages the system 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, from Eastern Colorado Health Care System. The virtual ICU provides rapid response interventions through virtual technology. This tele-ICU technology allows for a “virtual handshake” by nursing staff at the start of the shift and a report on potential patient issues. Clinical relationships have been strengthened between all 5 VA facilities in the Rocky Mountain Region, increasing the likelihood of early consultation at the onset of clinical decline of a patient. In addition, the tele-ICU nurse is available for immediate nursing consultation and support, coordinates point-to-point virtual consultation between physicians at the rural sites and specialists in Denver, and assists in expediting critical care transfers. The primary objectives for the tele-ICU program include improving quality and access of care to critical care services in rural sites, reducing community fee basis costs and frequency of transfers, and increasing collaboration and collegiality among nursing and medical staff in all Region 19’s medical centers.
Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Toxicological Emergencies
Authors: Dandeles Lauren M. , Ohler Kirsten H.
Published: November 2019

Guidelines for pediatric advanced life support have been available for nearly a quarter of a century. Recommendations for the pharmacological management of pediatric cardiac arrest have changed over these years. Several important differences have been observed between adult advanced cardiac life support and pediatric advanced life support that must be recognized when children require resuscitation, such as the cause of the arrest, age-specific monitoring parameters, weight-based medication dosing, and obstacles in obtaining venous access. To make matters more complicated, differences also exist across neonatal and pediatric age spectrums. In addition, some toxicological emergencies commonly occurring in children require pharmacological management with agents that have a unique mechanism of action for cardiac support.
Pharmacological Management of Pediatric Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Simmons Marroyln L. , Durham Spencer H. , Carter Chenita W.
Published: November 2019

With an overall mortality rate of 4.2%, sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in children worldwide. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign outlines rapid initiation of volume resuscitation with crystalloids and timely administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the backbone of sepsis treatment. Initial antibiotics should be broad enough to cover the most likely pathogens, but antibiotic therapy should be de-escalated when culture results become available. Therapy with a vasopressor and/or an inotrope is often necessary in patients with sepsis to improve blood pressure and cardiac output. Adjunctive therapy with hydrocortisone is sometimes beneficial in the setting of catecholamine resistance and/or adrenal insufficiency. Insulin may also be needed in some patients for the treatment of hyperglycemia. Current guidelines have improved the treatment of sepsis, but more research is needed. This article reviews sepsis pathophysiology, treatment, and supportive care specifically as they relate to pediatric patients.
Neonatal and Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Gargasz Anne
Published: November 2019

Parenteral nutrition is one of the most important therapeutic modalities invented in the last several decades. Since its introduction in the 1960s, this modality has saved thousands of lives by providing nutrients parenterally to sustain growth in premature neonates with severe intestinal immaturity and other pediatric patients with intestinal failure, such as a gastrointestinal fistula or short bowel syndrome. Although parenteral nutrition can be a lifesaving treatment, it is not benign. Many complications can result from either short- or long-term usage. This review discusses the nutritional requirements, common complications, medication additives, and special considerations for pediatric patients requiring parenteral nutrition.
Pediatric Brain Death: Updated Guidelines
Authors: Mullen Jodi E.
Published: November 2019

Logan, a 5-year-old boy, was riding his bike with his 7-year-old brother when he was struck from behind by a car traveling at approximately 40 mph. The driver indicated that she did not see the riders until she hit Logan, who was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Logan was thrown from his bike and was found at the side of the road, unresponsive and posturing. Although he was uninjured, Logan’s brother witnessed the incident.

Emergency medical services arrived and placed Logan on a backboard with a c-collar. Because he was not protecting his airway, he was intubated and then given sodium chloride fluids and brought to the pediatric emergency department. Upon arrival, his Glasgow Coma Scale score was 5, and his right pupil was 6 mm and not reactive.

Logan’s initial head computed tomographic scan showed diffuse brain edema, with early downward transtentorial brain herniation. The pediatric neurosurgeon determined that no operative management was appropriate for Logan. Besides a small laceration on his forehead, Logan had no other injuries. At this time, he was taking a few spontaneous respirations and had occasional posturing of his extremities.
Publishing in Professional Journals, Part I
Authors: Morton Patricia Gonce
Published: November 2019

Publishing in professional journals is a challenging and rewarding experience. By sharing their expertise and experiences through journal articles, nurses contribute to the body of literature that ultimately helps improve the health care system, the nursing profession, and care of patients and their families. The focus of this article is to help nurses implement strategies to get started in the process of publishing journal articles. Topics include facing excuses for not writing, implementing strategies to get started, and executing a plan for the manuscript.
Developing a Professional Poster
Authors: Bindon Susan L. , Davenport Joan M.
Published: November 2019

Professional posters play an important role in the dissemination of knowledge and the professional development of advanced practice nurses, graduate students, and clinical faculty. Posters should be considered an integral component in communication of professional work in practice, research, and education. The invitation to submit a poster abstract is an important opportunity for clinicians and faculty alike to consider. Though sometimes misperceived as less prestigious than a podium presentation, posters add a unique element to professional and academic events. The argument is made for posters as an equal among scholarly presentation formats. The poster serves as a tremendous opportunity for collaboration between partners and a way to communicate important findings and advertise the presenters’ work. For the advanced practice nurse who is a novice in presenting best practice or evidence from research trials, the poster format may be less intimidating while allowing the invaluable sharing of results. Four critical elements of professional poster development are deciding on a clear Purpose, targeting the right People, outlining key steps in the Process, and delivering a memorable Presentation. Using the “4 Ps” as cornerstones for the work of developing, preparing, and delivering the poster to an audience, the authors aim to help organize the entire process into these essential considerations. The poster, as a means of scholarly work, is a viable and essential activity, as interdisciplinary collaboration and sharing of best practice becomes the expectation for all professional development.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Williams Kelly E.
Published: November 2019

Despite advances in treatment, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a common cause of respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support and is associated with significantly high rates of morbidity and mortality. To date, the only treatment shown to increase survival rate in patients with ARDS is the use of supportive mechanical ventilation using low tidal volumes. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a therapy that has been used in severe cases of ARDS when patients fail to improve with traditional management. Recent literature shows varying mortality rates for the use of ECMO for ARDS; however, the literature suggests that transfer of patients to an ECMO center for treatment using specific criteria and indications may improve outcomes. Further research is needed regarding the timing of the initiation of ECMO, standardization of therapy, and which type of ECMO reduces morbidity and mortality rates in patients with ARDS.
Finding the Right Fit
Authors: Lampe Julie S. , Geddie Patricia I. , Aguirre Lillian , Sole Mary Lou
Published: November 2019

Purpose and Background. The purpose of this article is to describe how clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in one organization developed a structured interviewing process for CNS candidates. The process has evolved in relation to implementation of national CNS competencies, growth of the role in the organization, and changes to reporting structure.

Outcomes. The CNS interview process includes panel interviews with various organizational leaders, CNSs, and team members. A behavioral-based tool relevant to the CNS role is used. Involving CNS peers in the interview ensures the successful hiring and retaining of suitable candidates. Clinical nurse specialists who were interviewed using the current peer interview procedure have reported satisfaction with the experience.

Implications. Peer interviews for CNSs provide a forum for meaningful dialogue about the CNS role, competencies, and fit with the organization. This process can be used for other advanced practice disciplines.
Nursing Leadership From the Bedside to the Boardroom
Authors: Pate Mary Frances D.
Published: November 2019

Experienced acute and critical care nurses are poised to be high-impact leaders in the current, ever-changing health care landscape. These professionals need new skills to carry them to the next level, as they are called on to lead in a new age filled with increasing complexities. This article provides strategies for nurses to consider and reflect on throughout their leadership journey.
Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy
Authors: Anderson Kimberly G.
Published: November 2019

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy is a little understood diagnosis of increasing prevalence seen predominantly in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those who are approaching end-stage renal disease, who are undergoing renal dialysis, and who have secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcific uremic arteriolopathy affects women more frequently than men, at a ratio of 3:1, and the median age at diagnosis is 48 years. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis and definitive plans of care are lacking. Nurses should be familiar with the clinical picture of calcific uremic arteriolopathy. Early recognition is important to develop optimal treatment plans and to limit progression of this rare but often fatal disease. Nurses have a pivotal role in maintaining the patient’s comfort and dignity, while setting realistic goals of care. Calcific uremic arteriolopathy remains a rare and complex clinical condition that requires a multidisciplinary health care team approach to provide the optimal level of care. Nurses have an essential role in the care of patients with the diagnosis of calcific uremic arteriolopathy.
Long-term Issues After the Fontan Procedure
Authors: McRae Marion E.
Published: November 2019

The Fontan procedure is used to treat various serious congenital heart defects. Although many people who have had the procedure live productively into adulthood, as they age, they face several health issues due to the physiology of the Fontan circulation. This article reviews the 4 types of Fontan procedures and the changes caused by the surgery, including single-ventricle physiology, nonpulsatile pulmonary perfusion, systemic venous hypertension, and intracardiac scarring, as well as their sequelae. Key nursing assessment items and possible treatment strategies are reviewed. Additional topics, including pregnancy in patients who have undergone the procedure, infective endocarditis prophylaxis, and health-related quality of life, are briefly discussed. Options for Fontan failure, including Fontan conversion or transplantation, are presented. Potential future solutions are outlined.
Human Factors Issues in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Harder Kathleen A. , Marc David
Published: November 2019

In the context of an aging population, more critically ill patients, and a change in intensive care unit (ICU) services stemming from advances in technology, prevalent medical errors and staff burnout in the ICU are not surprising. The ICU provides ample opportunity for human factors experts to apply their knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of human capabilities to design more effective care delivery. Human factors experts design work processes, technology, and environmental factors to effectively and constructively channel the attention and behavior of those providing care; a few areas of focus can have marked impacts on care delivery and patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on these 3 areas and investigate the solutions and problems addressed by previous research.
POSTILLE PARA-GIURIDICHE SULLA MISTERIOSA SCOMPARSA DI ETTORE MAJORANA
Authors: Pisani Mario
Published: November 2019

After over seventy years, Ettore Majoranaâ€™s disappearance (March 1938) is still wrapt in mystery in spite of a series of attempts to explain it. In the following pages you can find a criticism to the explanation linked to a clamorous trial concluded six years before Majoranaâ€™s disappearance.
I GIURISTI UMANISTI FRANCESI E IL CORPUS IURIS ANTEIUSTINIANI
Authors: Ferrary Jean-Louis
Published: November 2019

Rediscovery of legal texts earlier than Justinianâ€™s Corpus Iuris Ciuilis is an important part of the activity of humanist jurists, mainly of French ones, because most of related manuscripts were preserved in capitular and monastic libraries within the kingdom of France. But ius anteiustinianum was in no way a homogeneous corpus, so that its edition raised very complex problems, which were answered in different ways from the 16th to the 19th century.
UNE SOURCE Ã€ REDÃ‰COUVRIR: LES PREMIÃˆRES ARCHIVES DU PARLEMENT DE PARIS, LES OLIM (1254-1318)
Authors: Hilaire Jean
Published: November 2019

During the XIII century the king of France, king-judge, exercised his sovereign power surrounded by his vassals and above all by his advisers, clergymen with a juridical education in Roman law and Canon law, from which the importance of these judicial sessions at court. Louis IX (St. Louis) strengthened the role and the importance of it through a great reform of the procedure that enlarged the access to the royal justice of appeal to the generality of the subjects. The rigor of the new procedure was also prescribed for the same royal agents as the respect of the â€œcommon goodâ€ â€“ that is to say the general interest â€“ was also imposed to the feudal castellans. The enormous archives of this court, the Parliament, have been preserved (and they are denominated Olim because of the first word of one of the registers). They are constituted by around 4600 decisions made between 1254 and the 1318. Published in 1848 without a complete summary, they still remain little studied. A complete index of these decisions has been realized by the Centre dâ€™Ã©tudes dâ€™histoire juridique and published online in 2003 (on the CNRS and UniversitÃ© PanthÃ©on Assa, Paris II sites).
VITTORIO EMANUELE ORLANDO: STUDIOSO, POLITICO, COSTITUENTE
Authors: Onida Valerio
Published: November 2019

The article traces the career of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando: early scholar, he soon became a master in public law, and a political protagonist before the advent of the fascist regime, to which he never gave his adhesion, focusing mainly on his role in the Constituent Assembly, of which he was the dean. His important interventions are recalled, including the one against the ratification of the Peace Treaty, and those, particularly deepened and passionate, on the draft of the Constitution. Orlando expressed his reservations about the choices made by the majority of the Assembly about the form of government, but he finally expressed his hope in the future of the country and his belief in the beginning of a new worldwide era, in which a new "type of State" would take place, in which Italy too, at par with the other States, would have to abandon "the proud affirmation of the absolute sovereigntyâ€.
â€œLE SOLITUDINI DEL MAREâ€: UN INEDITO TESTO PER MUSICA DI RICCARDO BACCHELLI
Authors: Bonomi Ilaria
Published: November 2019

The author present an unpublished text of Riccardo Bacchelli, a short poem entitled â€œLe solitudini del mareâ€, written by Bacchelli during â€™60 years for the composer Bruno Bettinelli, who never set it to music. Different witnesses show revision both Bacchelliâ€™s and Bettinelliâ€™s. Textâ€™s language show interesting literary quality, also in consideration of association with music.
ALCUNI PASSI DEL POEMA DI GILGAMESH IN DUE TAVOLETTE ITTITE INEDITE
Authors: Mora Clelia , Giorgieri Mauro
Published: November 2019

In this paper we present two fragments of a cuneiform tablet that contain some passages of the Gilgamesh saga in the Hittite language. They give us the opportunity to delve into some aspects concerning the rediscovery, the interpretation and the fortune of this poem widely widespread throughout the Ancient Near East. The first part of the paper deals with these general issues, while the second one focuses on the philological examination of the new fragments and the interesting contribution they offer from the content viewpoint.
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND PRODUCTION PROCESS CONTROL
Authors: Zanella Angelo , Cascini Egidio
Published: November 2019

We start with the definition of experimental data. First place we consider the controllable variables, whose levels are established by technical production experts with regard to a theoretic “model” defining the production components, their connections and working rules in sight of the envisaged achievements. Then, the responses or results of production activities, which typically show random variability. The controllable variables are used to regulate the means of their distributions and aspects of variability (Taguchi approach). An information system represents a data collection, which is directed to specific purposes like: financial control, accounting control, personnel control, business control, production control, framed around production programs, control of production lines and related maintenance, quality control, framed around control of nonconformities regarding some specification limits and ensuring product good quality over time. Qualitative guidelines for choosing the data for a quality control information system are that it must be as near as possible to a sufficient system which means that it is capable of explaining any nonconformity in a product characteristic, as well as being complete, that is, such that it is also capable of suggesting how to remove them. In a natural way quality control implies a dynamic approach based on a systematic improvement of production activities, starting from specific reference conditions. We consider two examples appropriated to explain the fundamentals of a methodology useful to cope with this complex subject. The first example refers to a real industrial application regarding the process control of polyvinyl chloride production, found in literature [9]. The second example concerns the distribution process of perishable goods, which is considered to be an innovation. In this case we suppose that there is a finite set of operating situations (points of sale) and that we can define an indicator Q=Q1 /c = Quality of a reference product/a corresponding economic quantity (cost or earning). In the case considered, by means of the ordering of the ratios total cost/total earning, we come to the most profitable situation.
LA NARRATIVA D’AMORE E LA CENSURA A BISANZIO
Authors: Conca Fabrizio
Published: November 2019

In his Bibliotheca, the Byzantine patriach Photius is very critical about Achilles Tatius’ novel, expressing a very harsh judgment because of the obscenity of the content and the indecency of the language. In the present paper this is confirmed by the analysis of significant passages, which demonstrate how licentious themes are not absent from the Libesroman. Despite of Photius’ censorship, the novel enjoyed a remarkable popularity during the Byzantine age, that was also legitimized by the assumption of the Suida Lexicon that Achilles Tatius became a Christian and a bishop towards the end of his life.
LA SCIENZA DEI MATERIALI
Authors: Papagni Antonio
Published: November 2019

Materials Science represents the natural convergence of hard scientific disciplines such as Physics Mathematics and Chemistry whom synergic contribution to its definition and evolution is at the basis of huge technologic development observed during the last few decades. The wide variety of materials under investigation by this discipline is both strategic for the economy of a Nation as well as a fundamental aspect of everyday life. Among the most relevant ones so far proposed, many advanced materials are organic-based or, in other words, constituted by molecules or organic polymers, not only for their application potential, low costs and preparation flexibility but also for their processability and limited environmental impact.
SU ALCUNE CINQUECENTINE SCIENTIFICHE DELLA BIBLIOTECA DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: De Bernardi Fiorenza , Sacchi Landriani Giannantonio
Published: November 2019

We introduce some of the 96 books of scientific content, published in the 16th century and belonging to the Istituto Lombardo library. We chose some books in the field of the â€œnatural sciencesâ€ both for iconographic peculiarities and for the original content. The library owns the first edition of the anatomy treatise of Andrea Vesalio. The medical books of Jean Francois Fernel, Antonio Fracanzani, Girolamo Fracastoro, the botanical treatise of Pier Andrea Mattioli and the geographical treatise of Giovan Battista Ramusio although in further edition are of great interest in order to evaluate the state of the art and the evolutionary steps of the science. Some books are rather rare and precious and deserve to be accurately exploited. Also the texts should be worthy of a critical investigation, overcoming the linguistic difficulties, both for the latin and for italian texts.
VITAMIN B12 AND NORMAL PRIONS: TWO FIELDS APPARENTLY SO FAR, BUT IN REALITY SO NEAR
Authors: Scalabrino Giuseppe , Veber Daniela
Published: November 2019

Cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency causes an imbalance in some cytokines and growth factors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system of the rat, and in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult Cbl-deficient (Cbl-D) patients. We hypothesized that an imbalance in normal prion (PrPC) levels and/or synthesis might be involved in the pathogenesis of Cbl-D neuropathy. Using different appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we determined the levels of Cbl, tumour necrosis factor-a, epidermal growth factor, and PrPC in spinal cord (SC) and CSF of Cbl-D rats treated or not with different molecules; in serum, CSF from Cbl-D or multiple sclerosis (MS) patients; and in post-mortem SC samples taken from MS patients and control patients. We have demonstrated that: (i) Cbl deficiency induces excess PrPC regions (particularly octapeptide repeated (OR) region) in rat SC; (ii) the SC increase is mediated by a local Cbl deficiency-induced excess of tumour necrosis factor- a; and (iii) CSF and serum PrPC concentrations in Cbl-D patients are significantly higher than in controls. CSF PrPC concentrations are significantly lower in MS patients than neurological controls. The Cbl, EGF, and PrPC levels were significantly decreased in post-mortem MS SCs in comparison with controls
THE DARK ENERGY EXPLAINED BY A SCHWARZSCHILDIAN COSMOLOGY - ET CETERA
Authors: Loinger Angelo , Marsico Tiziana
Published: November 2019

In a First Part we give a Schwarzschildian generalization of the Newtonian, and Friedmannian, models of universe. By virtue of the Hilbertian gravitational repulsion, our formulation explains the red-shifts of the galaxies and the existence of a DARK ENERGY. In the Second Part we discuss two ignored consequences of Friedmannâ€™s metrics: i ) the existence of a time coordinate such that there is no expansion of Friedmannâ€™s universes; ii ) a corollary of a theorem by HÃ¶nl (1949), which tells us that the physical meaning of the point-origin of the galaxy paths is very problematic.
PANCREAS AND ISLET TRANSPLANTATION: CLINICAL INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL RESULTS
Authors: Secchi Antonio
Published: November 2019

Pancreas transplantation is the more effective cure for type 1 diabetes. Although intensive insulin scheme has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of diabetes related complication, only pancreas transplantation normalizes glycometabolic control, avoids the risk of severe hypoglycemic events and prevents or in some case ameliorates diabetes related complications. In this review it will be analyzed the impact of pancreas transplantation on diabetes related complication and patient survival. Islet cell transplantation has recently emerged as one the most promising therapeutic approaches to improving glycometabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients and, in many cases, to obtaining insulin independence. Islet cell transplantation requires a relatively short hospital stay and has the advantage of being a relatively noninvasive procedure. The rate of insulin independence 1 year after islet cell transplantation has significantly improved in recent years Data from a recent international Trial confirmed that islet cell transplantation can be potentially a cure for type 1 diabetes. Recent data indicate that insulin independence after islet cell transplantation is associated with an improvement in glucose metabolism and quality of life and with a reduction in hypoglycemic episodes. Islet cell transplantation is still in its initial stages, and many obstacles still need to be overcome. Once clinical islet transplantation has been successfully established, this treatment could even be offered to diabetic patients long before the onset of diabetic complications or to patients with life-threatening hypoglycemic unawareness and brittle diabetes.
Gender-based violence and efforts to address the phenomenon: Towards a church public pastoral care intervention proposition for community development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Magezi Vhumani , Manzanga Peter
Published: November 2019

Gender-based Violence (GBV) is a huge concern in many African countries such as Zimbabwe despite the preventative and mitigatory interventions that have been proposed and implemented by various stakeholders. The interventions applied range from policies and programmes that are government initiated as well as those interventions by social actors such as non-government organisations and Faith-based Organisations (FBOs) like churches. Gender-based violence as a social structural issue is sustained and perpetuated by cultural norms, values and beliefs that are fed by patriarchy, among other things. To effectively respond to the situation, interventions should target multiple social levels, including policy, government officials’ attitudes, individual men and women, families, community leaders and structures and social institutions such as churches. Churches are a critical community social institution that could play a pivotal role in addressing GBV. To position churches as players on public issues such as GBV, the questions that emerge are: ‘What is the role of the church in a public problem such as GBV? How could churches conceive and perform a public ministerial role that addresses GBV?’ To respond to these questions, this article employs the idea of public pastoral care as a nexus that churches could utilise in performing a community and public role function in contributing towards addressing GBV. Firstly, the article sketches the context of GBV in Zimbabwe and the various efforts to address it. Secondly, it outlines the ambivalent role of churches in GBV. Thirdly, it conceptualises the notion of public pastoral care as an approach that could be employed by churches to address GBV. Lastly, it proposes some public practical approaches that could be employed in addressing GBV by churches.
Intraperitoneal Mesh Repair for Incisional Hernia
Authors: Al Thubaity Fatma K. , Merdad Adnan A.
Published: November 2019

Seventy-three patients who had incisional hernia repair at two hospitals, a government and a private, from 2000 to 2005 were reviewed. Fifty-nine (80.8%) patients were females and 52 (71.2%) patients were Saudi. Five (6.8%) patients had minor complications. Twenty-four (32.9%) patients had polypropylene mesh while 49 (67.1%) patients had Vypro mesh, both types where fixed intraperitoneally using absorbable Vicryl 2/0 interrupted suture. No differences in complications, duration of surgery, or hospital stay between patients using either Vypro or PROLENE mesh. Intraperitoneal mesh placement of incisional hernia is safe on short and long-term follow-up. Vypro mesh compares favorably with PROLENEmesh. The authors encountered no enterocutaneous fistula and experienced only 2 (2.7%) recurrences over one year.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women in Jeddah, Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Call for Assessment
Authors: Al Sibiani Sharifa A.
Published: November 2019

To determine the prevalence and the causative organisms of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending their first prenatal visit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and in a private clinic at Dr. Erfan and Bagedo Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis was performed of the routine prenatal screening (urine culture tests) of 9,698 women attending their first prenatal clinic visit between 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2007. They were reviewed, analyzed, and correlated with data on patientsâ€™ age, nationality, gravidity, and number of previous abortions. Of 9,698 women, only 166 (1.7%) showed significant bacterial growth, and 1,918 patients (19.8%) were reported as heavy mixed growth. The most common bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli on 88 patients (53%). In this study, low prevalence of bacteriuria among pregnant women was compared to the only two available published studies conducted in the 80's in Saudi Arabia. In view of the lack of information regarding asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, and the findings of this study, the importance of a conducting a nation-wide survey to guide the revision of practice on a national scale in Saudi Arabia has increased.
Introducing Problem-Based Learning, Experience at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Al-Mazrooa Adnan A. , Boker Abdulaziz M. , El-Deek Basem S. , Ayoub Nasra N.
Published: November 2019

To report on an experience in introducing Problem-Based Learning as an instructional strategy at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The steps in approving the introduction of Problem-Based Learning at the Faculty Curriculum Committee and preparations for implementation are reported. The transfer from a traditional, teacher-centered curriculum to a more student-centered learning environment has to deal with a lot of resistance on the side of the teachers. Staff development workshops, good preparation of case scenarios, and provision of good facilities are crucial for the successful introduction of Problem-Based Learning. In the presence of good Problem-Based Learning facilitators, students retain relevant knowledge and enjoy the learning experience.
Association between Hemoglobin Level and Severity of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Aljohani Hind A.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between hemoglobin level and the severity of chronic periodontitis. Data were collected from 124 systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients, referred to the Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. Medical history, dental history, and periodontal parameters such as bleeding on probing. Plus probing depth, clinical attachment loss and distance from cement-enamel junction to gingival margin, furcations, mobility and number of missing teeth] were recorded. Blood samples were collected to measure the hemoglobin level. The correlation between hemoglobin and the means of clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing was insignificant. There was no significant difference in the mean hemoglobin level for individuals with different severity of periodontitis among male and females. The mean hemoglobin found to be insignificantly correlated with the number of missing teeth. No association between hemoglobin levels and periodontal status was found. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample size are needed to investigate this association, and the effect of periodontal treatment on hemoglobin level.
Difusão da Inovação Tecnólogico: Um Estudo Sobre a Difusão da Energia Elétrica Fotovoltaica no Brasil
Authors: Silva Fernando Rodrigues da , Silva Orlando Roque da , Lima Fonttamara Leite , Bastos Wellington Fernando
Published: November 2019

O Brasil possui, devido às características de seu território e clima, um grande potencial para a geração de energia elétrica fotovoltaica. Quando comparado a países líderes na utilização desse tipo de tecnologia, como a Alemanha, o Japão e a Itália, o Brasil apresenta um potencial superior, com suas regiões menos favorecidas em termos de incidência de radiação solar apresentando os mesmos níveis das regiões de maior incidência daqueles países. Apesar dessas características, a difusão da tecnologia de geração de energia elétrica fotovoltaica distribuída ainda não ocorre de forma significativa no Brasil. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o atual estágio de difusão da geração de energia elétrica fotovoltaica distribuída no Brasil, identificando suas características e os fatores que a têm determinado. O método empregado para se chegar a esse objetivo foi o estudo da legislação brasileira que regula o setor, a análise dos dados relativos às unidades geradoras registradas na Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), e estudos de correlação desses dados com informações sócio demográficas e solarimétricas.
An improved projection of climate observations for detection and attribution
Authors: Hannart Alexis
Published: November 2019

Abstract. An important goal
of climate research is to determine the causal contribution of human activity
to observed changes in the climate system. Methodologically speaking, most
climatic causal studies to date have been formulating attribution as a linear
regression inference problem. Under this formulation, the inference is often
obtained by using the generalized least squares (GLS) estimator after
projecting the data on the r leading eigenvectors of the covariance
associated with internal variability, which are evaluated from numerical
climate models. In this paper, we revisit the problem of obtaining a GLS
estimator adapted to this particular situation, in which only the leading
eigenvectors of the noise's covariance are assumed to be known. After noting
that the eigenvectors associated with the lowest eigenvalues are in general
more valuable for inference purposes, we introduce an alternative estimator.
Our proposed estimator is shown to outperform the conventional estimator,
when using a simulation test bed that represents the 20th century temperature
evolution.
Unexpected high abyssal ophiuroid diversity in polymetallic nodule fields of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, and implications for conservation
Authors: Christodoulou Magdalini , O'Hara Timothy , Hugall Andrew , Khodami Sahar , Rodrigues Clara F. , Hilario Ana , Vink Annemiek , Martinez Arbizu Pedro
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The largest and commercially appealing mineral deposits can be found in the abyssal seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a polymetallic nodule province, in the NE Pacific Ocean, where experimental mining is due to take place. In anticipation of deep-sea mining impacts, it has become essential to rapidly and accurately assess biodiversity. For this reason, ophiuroid material collected during seven scientific cruises from five exploration license areas within CCZ, one area protected from mining (APEI3, Area of Particular Environmental Interest) in the periphery of CCZ and the DIS-turbance and re-COLonisation (DISCOL) Experimental Area (DEA), in the SE Pacific Ocean, was examined. Specimens were genetically analysed using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Maximum Likelihood and Neighbour Joining trees were constructed, while four tree-based and distance-based methods of species delineation (ABGD, BINs, GMYC, mPTP) were employed to propose Secondary Species Hypotheses (SSHs) within the ophiuroids collected. The species delimitations analyses concordant results revealed the presence of 43 deep-sea brittle stars SSHs, revealing an unexpectedly high diversity and showing that the most conspicuous invertebrates in abyssal plains have been so far considerably under-estimated. The number of SSHs found in each area varied from 5 (IFREMER area) to 24 (BGR area), while 13 SSHs were represented by singletons. None of the SSHs was found to be present in all 7 areas, while the majority of species (44.2 %) had a single-area presence (19 SSHs). The most common species were Ophioleucidae sp. (Species 29), Amphioplus daleus (Species 2) and Ophiosphalma glabrum (Species 3), present in all areas except APEI3. The biodiversity patterns could be mainly attributed to POC fluxes that could explain the highest species numbers found in BGR (German contractor area) and UKSRL (UK contractor area) areas. The five exploration contract areas belong to a mesotrophic province, while in contrary the APEI3 is located in an oligotrophic province which could explain the lowest diversity as well as very low similarity with the other six study areas. Based on these results the representativeness and the appropriateness of APEI3 to meet its purpose of preserving the biodiversity of the CCZ fauna are questioned. Finally, this study provides the foundation for biogeographic and functional analyses that will provide insight into the drivers of species diversity and its role in ecosystem function.
H2SO4-H2O binary and H2SO4-H2O-NH3 ternary homogeneous and ion-mediated nucleation: Lookup tables for 3-D modeling application
Authors: Yu Fangqun , Nadykto Alexey B. , Luo Gan , Herb Jason
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Formation of new particles in the atmosphere have important implications for air quality and climate. Recently, we have developed a kinetically-based H2SO4-H2O-NH3-Ions nucleation model which captures well the absolute values of nucleation rates as well as dependencies of nucleation rates on NH3 and H2SO4 concentrations, ionization rates, temperature, and relative humidity observed in the well-controlled Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) measurements. Here we employ the aforementioned recently developed kinetic nucleation model to generate nucleation rate look-up tables for H2SO4-H2O binary homogenous nucleation (BHN), H2SO4-H2O-NH3 ternary homogeneous nucleation (THN), H2SO4-H2O-Ions binary ion-mediated nucleation (BIMN), and H2SO4-H2O-NH3-Ions ternary ion-mediated nucleation (TIMN). A comparison of nucleation rates calculated using the lookup tables with CLOUD measurements of BHN, BIMN, THN, and TIMN is presented. The lookup tables cover a wide range of key parameters controlling binary, ternary and ion-mediated nucleation in the Earth’s atmosphere, and are a cost-efficient solution for multi-dimensional modeling. The lookup tables and FORTRAN codes, made available through this work, can be readily used for BHN, THN, BIMN, and TIMN simulations in 3-D modeling. The lookup tables can also be used by experimentalists involved in laboratory and field measurements for a quick assessment of nucleation involving H2SO4, H2O, NH3, and Ions.
Subglacial roughness of the Greenland Ice Sheet: relationship with contemporary ice velocity and geology
Authors: Cooper Michael A. , Jordan Thomas M. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Siegert Martin J. , Williams Christopher N. , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The subglacial environment of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is poorly constrained both in its bulk properties, for example geology, the presence of sediment, and the presence of water, and interfacial conditions, such as roughness and bed rheology. There is, therefore, limited understanding of how spatially heterogeneous subglacial properties relate to ice-sheet motion. Here, via analysis of 2 decades of radio-echo sounding data, we present a new systematic analysis of subglacial roughness beneath the GrIS. We use two independent methods to quantify subglacial roughness: first, the variability in along-track topography – enabling an assessment of roughness anisotropy from pairs of orthogonal transects aligned perpendicular and parallel to ice flow and, second, from bed-echo scattering – enabling assessment of fine-scale bed characteristics. We establish the spatial distribution of subglacial roughness and quantify its relationship with ice flow speed and direction. Overall, the beds of fast-flowing regions are observed to be rougher than the slow-flowing interior. Topographic roughness exhibits an exponential scaling relationship with ice surface velocity parallel, but not perpendicular, to flow direction in fast-flowing regions, and the degree of anisotropy is correlated with ice surface speed. In many slow-flowing regions both roughness methods indicate spatially coherent regions of smooth beds, which, through combination with analyses of underlying geology, we conclude is likely due to the presence of a hard flat bed. Consequently, the study provides scope for a spatially variable hard- or soft-bed boundary constraint for ice-sheet models.
Towards a Rancièrean Critical Theory
Authors: Lampert Matthew
Published: November 2019

While Jacques Rancière has never been affiliated in any way with the Institute for Social Research, this article examines the extent to which his work could be considered “Critical Theory” in the sense most closely associated with the Frankfurt School tradition. I argue that Rancière’s work is not critical theory in this narrow sense; I further lay out a kind of “Rancièrean” criticism of the very project of Frankfurt School Critical Theory. This in turn allows me to sketch out a version of Critical Theory that might survive a Rancièrean critique. Even by this renewed conception, however, I argue that Rancière’s own work still cannot be considered a project of Critical Theory; but I finish the essay by laying out what a possible “Rancièrean” Critical Theory might look like, and why I think such a project would be valuable.
Remembering Reamy Jansen
Authors: O'Malley Susan
Published: November 2019

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La religión en la "Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas" de Hegel. Diferencias estructurales respecto de las "Lecciones sobre Filosofía de la Religión"
Authors: Profili Lelia Edith
Published: November 2019

Al comparar las Lecciones sobre Filosofía de la Religión con el compendio enciclopédico de la Filosofía del Espíritu Absoluto, las variaciones estructurales en el tratamiento de la religión resultan manifiestas. La reducción de la exposición a la concepción de la Religión Cristiana, la correspondencia de la versión enciclopédica con el Manuscrito de 1821 antes que con las Lecciones del ’27 y del ’31, la aparente omisión de la sección sobre la “Comunidad” o “Tercer Elemento”, son algunos de los interrogantes que emergen como resultado de un simple cotejo de estructura. Desde una metodología hermenéutica, el artículo ofrecerá un análisis de tales cuestiones con el objetivo prioritario de esclarecer la articulación interna del desarrollo enciclopédico sobre la religión. La tesis central que orientará el examen defenderá que las divergencias entre la presentación de la Enciclopedia y la de las Lecciones encuentran una explicación suficiente en el lugar sistemático que la religión ocupa en el marco de la Filosofía del Espíritu Absoluto y en su relación vinculante con el arte y la filosofía.
Concepto, método y sistema de "Différence et répétition" de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Martínez Quintanar Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2019

Este artículo propone una explicación e interpretación del contenido y estructura de Différence et répétition (1968) de Gilles Deleuze. La obra expone un sistema de filosofía contemporánea cuyo objetivo es determinar las condiciones de la experiencia real. El sistema se compone de varias partes: crítica de la forma y contenido del concepto filosófico; métodos filosóficos; estesiología trascendental; dialéctica de las Ideas; estética de las intensidades. Esta interpretación muestra el recorrido y función de la razón suficiente en varios descubrimientos: el método como procedimiento de determinación filosófica, la afectividad diferencial, las nociones no-categoriales, la función de los imperativos ontológicos, la triple figura de la determinación, la determinación individuante, la apertura a la ética de las cantidades intensivas. Esta manera de interpretar la obra incorpora la filosofía de Deleuze a preocupaciones ontológicas, gnoseológicas, éticas, estéticas, de la filosofía tradicional. Además, puede ser útil para dar un sentido al conjunto de su obra posterior.