bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic scoping review of interventions delivered by peers tosupport the resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers
Authors: Mahon Daryl
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic search of the literature as it pertains to interventions delivered by peers to refugees and asylum seekers during the resettlement process.

Design/methodology/approach

A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis-compliant scoping review based on Arskey and O’Malley’s (2006) five steps was used. Four databases, Scopus, Embase, Ebsco and ScienceDirect, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. Studies were included if they reported on interventions, outcomes or the training received by adult peers to support refugees and asylum seekers during the resettlement process. Of an initial 632 journal articles retrieved, 14 met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Findings

Most included studies were conducted in Western high-income countries, with the exception of one. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of the nationalities of peers and those receiving peer interventions, the outcomes reported on, the content of interventions and the methodologies used. Findings suggest that peer interventions seem to be effective in addressing many of the challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers. Community integration, acculturation and reductions in psychological distress are some of the key benefits. When such interventions are co-produced in participatory research involving refugees, asylum seekers and the civil society organisations that support this population, they are naturally culturally responsive and can, therefore, address issues relative to different ethnic needs during the resettlement process.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scoping review to be conducted in this area and adds to what is a very limited body of research.
Novel nutritionally improved snacks for school-aged children: formulation, characterization and acceptability
Authors: Lingiardi Nadia , Godoy Ezequiel , Arriola Ileana , Cabreriso María Soledad , Accoroni Cecilia , Balzarini María Florencia , Arribas Alberto , Reinheimer María Agustina
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to formulate multiple nutritionally improved snacks intended for school-aged children according to international nutritional goals: Vanilla cookies (VC), Bay biscuits (BB), Cheese crackers (CC) and Tomato muffins (TM).

Design/methodology/approach

The reformulation targets implied incorporating alternative flours and milk powder and reducing the sugar and sodium contents, with respect to the usually consumed control products. These products were subjected to proximate composition, colour and sensory profile analyses. Their overall acceptability was assessed by school-aged children whose nutritional status was also evaluated.

Findings

Significant increments in relevant nutrients were observed in the composition of snacks: fibre (p= 0.01 for VC,p< 0.01 for BB and CC), proteins (p< 0.01 for all snacks) and calcium (p< 0.01 for all snacks). Average sodium reductions of 1.5% and 3.7% were achieved for CC and TM. During formulation, added sugar was reduced by 15.5% and 23.5% for VC and BB. All snacks were found to be acceptable in terms of appearance, texture, flavour and overall acceptability by the participants, and VC, BB and CC were ready for their effective implementation as part of school meals.

Originality/value

Comprehensive policies have become necessary to combat malnutrition, mainly overweight and obesity. The incorporation of nutritionally improved snacks in school environments is one of several strategies for promoting healthier lifestyles among children, including educational programs, workshops and food assistance.
Synthesis of eco-friendly cobalt doped willemite blue pigment from white sand for multi-applications in coatings and inks
Authors: Abd El-Gawad Walaa M. , Abdelmaksoud Wael Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the possibility of synthesizing cobalt doped willemite ceramic blue pigment by using Egyptian white sand as environmental and economical raw material for multi-applications in coatings and inks.

Design/methodology/approach

After the synthesis process, the prepared blue pigment was characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis technique. Then the blue pigment was integrated into both coating and ink formulations. The effect of the prepared multifunctional coatings on corrosion resistance and thermal stability was evaluated using different standard tests. Also, the effect of inclusion of blue pigment in flexographic printing ink formulation was done.

Findings

The results showed that the coating containing the cobalt doped willemite blue pigment offered good anticorrosive performance and high thermal stability. Additionally, the presented results revealed that integration of the blue pigment in flexographic printing ink formulation enhanced fineness, gloss, viscosity and color more than the commercial one “FX 430–201.”

Originality/value

In conclusion, relied on the eco-friendly principle which can be regarded as an economic and green strategy, it can be obtained that this new pigment can provide good multifunctions such as corrosion resistance and thermal stability in coatings and good fineness, gloss, viscosity and color in inks which can enable them to be widely applied in different industries.
Why do young people do things for the environment? The effect of perceived values on pro-environmental behaviour
Authors: Ng Peggy Mei Lan , Cheung Cherry Tin Yan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to develop an integrative model that comprehensively explores the antecedents of pro-environmental intentions in young people. The study follows customer value theory (CVT) and the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

Data was obtained from a field survey of two secondary schools in Hong Kong. A total of 279 young people (age range: 10–12 years old; 53.8% males) were recruited to complete the survey. Smart-PLS 3 was used to test the research model with partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings provided empirical evidence that the perceived values of children regarding environmentalism play an essential role in developing pro-environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions, such as recycling intention and conservation intention. The results support the utility of TPB for its adoption of attitude and behavioural intention as key components of the model. The use of CVT showed that three dimensions of young people’s perceived values, namely, emotional value, functional value and relational value, predict a pro-environmental attitude, while attitude predicts recycling intention and conservation intention.

Practical implications

This study offers crucial insight for schools and the Education Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region government, who are focussed on spurring the perceived values, attitudes and behavioural intentions of young people towards environmentalism. This study shows that young people’s emotional values, functional values and relational values are important for transforming pro-environmental attitudes into behavioural intentions in young people.

Originality/value

This study measured the impact of young people’s perceived values on pro-environmental intentions. Few studies address how perceived values affect young people’s pro-environmental behaviour. This study integrates CVT and TPB to explore the source of young people’s pro-environmental intentions.
Presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in superficial venous thrombosis of Behçet’s disease
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Yokoyama Kae , Ikeda Takaharu , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Tomaru Utano , Ishizu Akihiro
Published: April 2022

Behçet’s disease (BD) has a heterogeneous spectrum of disease manifestations featuring the involvement of different organs and can be characterized with different symptoms depending on the clinical department in charge. We retrospectively reviewed BD patients seen at our hospital and investigated the presence of neutrophils producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in those patients. Immunolabeling of myeloperoxidase and histone citrullination proteins was performed on skin biopsies from three BD patients who had skin biopsy‐proven superficial vein thrombophlebitis in their erythema nodosum‐like lesions. We observed a higher proportion of female patients and a higher incidence of acne‐like eruptions among BD patients seen at our dermatology department, while there was a higher incidence of ocular and gastrointestinal involvement among BD patients treated in other departments. We suggest that sex statistical trends could lead to the co‐development of different manifestations and may help clinicians choose the best therapeutic approaches, tailoring them to the specific phenotype of the patient rather than one based on single disease manifestations. NET were found in neutrophils of panniculitis concurrent with superficial vein thrombophlebitis. We suggest that the pathogenesis of BD‐related thrombosis could be associated with neutrophil activation and NET are released in the panniculitis of affected skin lesions, erythema nodosum‐like lesions.
Methyltransferase‐like 3 promotes the progression of lung cancer via activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Cheng Feng‐Wu , Peng Li‐Ming , Luo Dan
Published: April 2022

Methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) catalyses N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification on messenger RNA (mRNA) and participates in a wide range of biological functions via epigenetically regulating gene expression. Recent studies suggested that dysregulation of METTL3 is associated with multiple human cancers; however, the role of METTL3 in lung cancer remains unclear. In the present study, through transcriptome analysis of lung cancer patients, we found that METTL3 is overexpressed in lung cancer patients and is associated with poor patient survival. More importantly, combining both in vitro and in vivo models, we revealed that in lung cancer cells, METTL3 overexpression activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and mTOR‐mediated protein synthesis. Mechanistically, METTL3 promotes PI3K expression by introducing m6A modification in PI3K 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Elevated PI3K level then activates downstream AKT and mTOR signalling pathway and results in rapid cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Taken together, our study reveals that METTL3‐mediated m6A methylation promotes lung cancer progression via activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Efficacy and safety of plasma diafiltration: Review of case reports and case series
Authors: Zhang Yannan , Dong Rui , Li Ying , Yang Xin , Liu Jiang , Ou Santao , Wu Weihua
Published: April 2022

Plasma diafiltration (PDF), a blood purification procedure that combines dialysis with plasma filtration by a selective membrane, has been used to treat acute liver failure, sepsis, and other acute conditions. We reviewed 14 eligible case reports and case series that examined PDF in 357 patients to assess its efficacy and safety. Fourteen diseases may be indications for PDF. The primary indication in the included studies was acute liver failure without obvious inducement or cause not mentioned. Eighty‐three patients reached the primary endpoint (31 deaths, 52 recoveries) and the efficacy was 62.7%. There were large changes in 16 toxins or clinical markers after PDF, including total bilirubin, IL‐18, IL‐6. In conclusion, PDF appears to be an effective treatment for clearance of bilirubin and other inflammatory mediators in patients with acute liver injury or a disease characterized by a systemic inflammatory state. Randomized controlled trials are needed to compare PDF with other blood purification methods, such as plasma exchange and the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System™.
What Motivates Households with Very Small and Small Farms in Wales?
Authors: Hill Berkeley , Bradley Dylan
Published: April 2022

In the UK, as in many EU countries, farm businesses are mostly operated by households rather than as other institutional forms. These are not only economic units – they have social dimensions too. Household members will have personal aims and preferences, shaped by psychology and experiences, that are reflected in behaviour. In Wales there is special interest in the motives of operators of farms classed as economically Very Small or Small, as these account for 87 per cent of all Welsh farms and thus carry social and political weight in agricultural and rural matters; they also occupy 60 per cent of the agricultural land area. Using questions developed from a review of literature (and especially work published by Ruth Gasson), a survey in early 2021 of over 400 farm households found that respondents overwhelmingly reported intrinsic factors as very important reasons for them being in farming, a categorisation that included motives such as enjoyment of the various production activities of farming, providing a healthy outdoor life, and giving them independence and control. In contrast, less than a third cited instrumental reasons, such as generating an income for living, and this was weakest among the operators of Very Small farm businesses. Social and expressive reasons for being in farming took intermediate positions. The dominance of intrinsic motivations was confirmed when scoring also took account of lower levels of importance cited by respondents. Understanding motives can lead to better explanations for how farm households respond to policy signals, such as are associated with the UK leaving the EU (‘Brexit’) and the replacement of the Common Agricultural Policy with a national one in Wales. Over three‐quarters of these farmers see environmental conservation as extremely or very important to their futures, which suggests that this element of the post‐Brexit Welsh agricultural policy will meet a welcoming response.
Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System
Authors: REN Jishun , NIU Baogui , XU Qinqin , ZHAO Lei , LIU Jianhui , LI Shan , ZHU Junbin , LIU Renyan
Published: April 2022

The fundamental theoretical framework of the Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System is as follows: (1) It intends to extend the geotectonic studies from the crustal and lithospheric tectonics to the multisphere tectonics of the Earth system as a whole. (2) The global dynamics driven by both the Earth system and the cosmic celestial system: solar energy, multispheric interactions of the Earth system and the combined effects of the motions of celestial bodies in the cosmos system are the driving forces of various geological processes. (3) The Continent‐Ocean transformation theory: the continent and ocean are two opposite yet unified geological units, which can be transformed into each other; neither continent nor ocean will survive forever; there is no one‐way development of continental accretion or ocean extinction; the simple theory of one‐way continental accretion is regarded as invalid. (4) The continental crust and mantle are characterized by multiple layers, with different layers liable to slide along the interfaces between them, but corroboration is needed that continents move as a whole or even drift freely. (5) The cyclic evolution theory: the development of Earth's tectonics is not a uniform change, but a spiral forward evolution, characterized by a combination of non‐uniform, non‐linear, gradual and catastrophic changes; different evolutionary stages (tectonic cycles) of Earth have distinctive global tectonic patterns and characteristics, one tectonic model should not be applied to different tectonic cycles or evolutionary stages. (6) The structure and evolution of Earth are asymmetric and heterogeneous, thus one tectonic model cannot be applied to different areas of the world. (7) The polycyclic evolution of the continental crust: the continental crust is formed by polycyclic tectonics and magmatism, rather than simply lateral or vertical accretion. (8) The role of deep faults: the deep fault zones cutting through different layers of the crust and mantle usually play important roles in tectonic evolution. For example, the present‐day mid‐ocean ridge fault zones, transform fault zones and Benioff zones outline the global tectonic framework. Different tectonic cycles and stages of Earth's evolution must have their own distinctive deep fault systems which control the global tectonic framework and evolutionary processes during different tectonic cycles and stages. Starting from the two mantle superplumes Jason (Pacific) and Tuzo (Africa), the study of the evolutionary process of the composition and structure of the crust and mantle during the great transformation and reorganization of the Meso‐Cenozoic tectonic framework in China and the other regions of Asia is a good demonstration of theory of Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System.
“On a night like this”: A mixed‐methods approach to understanding high‐risk drinking events in college students
Authors: Garcia Tracey A. , Hultgren Brittney A. , Canning Jessica R. , Gilson Michael S. , Larimer Mary E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous research indicates college students report heavier drinking on certain events (e.g., 21st birthday). While past research has identified heavier drinking events, students’ own reports of which events are associated with elevated drinking remains understudied. The current study utilized mixed methods to explore potential high‐risk drinking events (HRDE) for college student drinkers and how these events differed from typical drinking and each other.

Methods

College student drinkers (N = 204) reported the number of drinks they consume on nine predetermined events (e.g., Halloween). Students also responded to open‐ended questions listing five events during which they had elevated drinking and indicating the amount consumed on each event. Open‐ended responses were coded into similar event categories. Descriptive statistics for drinks consumed were calculated for predetermined and coded open‐ended events. Chi‐square analyses assessed differences in endorsement of open‐ended events by birth sex, age group, and Greek membership. Two multilevel count regressions assessed within‐person differences in number of drinks consumed between participants’ typical drinking occasions and (1) highly endorsed open‐ended events and (2) predetermined events.

Results

For all open‐ended event categories, average number of drinks consumed exceeded heavy episodic drinking thresholds; however, there was substantial variability. Comparing predetermined events to participants’ typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on participants’ birthdays, New Year's Eve, Halloween, Finals, and Spring Break; significant differences between events also emerged. Comparison of open‐ended categories to participants’ typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on birthdays, celebrations, parties, and holidays; however, there were no significant differences between open‐ended events.

Conclusions

Students who drink alcohol report heavier drinking on specific calendar‐based events (e.g., Spring Break). However, students also report non‐calendar‐related events (e.g., non‐specific parties) as some of their highest drinking events. More research is needed to understand how intervention and prevention programs can be adapted to target both known calendar‐based HRDE, and unknown, idiosyncratic HRDE.
No significant association between SNPs in the CLOCK and ADH4 genes and susceptibility to cluster headaches: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Jiarui , Peng Wei , Yi Ting , Gao Ping , Zhou Mingze , Zhu Tianmin
Published: April 2022

Background

The circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene and the alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene are promising candidates for susceptibility to cluster headaches (CH). Associations of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—CLOCK SNP rs1801260 and ADH4 SNPs rs1800759, and rs1126671—with CH were studied previously, but the results were inconsistent.

Methods

Associations between the three SNPs (rs1801260, rs1126671, and rs1800759) and CH risk were separately assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) based on five different genetic models. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). All statistical analyses were carried out with RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Eight studies involving 1437 CH patients and 2541 healthy controls were selected for quantitative synthesis, from five studies on CLOCK rs1801260, five on ADH4 rs1800759, and three on ADH4 rs1126671. Our pooled data did not support associations between the three SNPs (rs1801260 in the CLOCK gene, rs1800759 and rs1126671 in the ADH4 gene) and susceptibility to CH (rs1801260: OR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.95–1.28; p = 0.19; rs1800759: OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.93–1.22; p = 0.37; and rs1126671: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.28; p = 0.32).

Conclusion

We found no significant associations between the three SNPs (rs1801260 in the CLOCK gene and rs1800759 and rs1126671 in the ADH4 gene) and the susceptibility to CH across both Caucasian and Asian ethnicities in our meta‐analysis.
Factors associated with readmission to alcohol and opioid detoxification in the Alaska Interior
Authors: Running Bear Ursula , Hanson Jessica D. , Noonan Carolyn , Muller Clemma , Trojan Jodi , Manson Spero M.
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives

A “revolving door” of repeated admissions to detoxification treatment facilities has long plagued alcohol and drug use patients, yet few studies examine factors associated with readmission. This study examined risk factors for readmission to alcohol and opioid detoxification in a sample from the Alaska Interior.

Methods

Data were extracted from electronic medical records for admissions between 2012 and 2016 at an inpatient detoxification facility in Fairbanks, Alaska. Data from 1014 patients admitted for alcohol detoxification and 267 patients admitted for opioid detoxification were analyzed. The analysis employed descriptive statistics for risk factors (substance use history, adverse life experiences, and psychosocial functioning) and prevalence of readmission to either alcohol or opioid detoxification. Inferential analyses used marginal standardization to calculate differences in readmission risk by patient characteristics.

Results

Male, Alaska Native/American Indian, single‐never married patients, and those seeking work were at higher risk for readmission to alcohol detoxification, while those with stable housing were at reduced risk. Being single‐never married and completing detoxification treatment reduced readmission to opioid detoxification. Family involvement in detoxification reduced readmission risk for both alcohol and opioid patients.

Discussion and Conclusions

Further research that investigates the mechanism(s) by which family may act as a protective factor may be efficacious in eliminating the “revolving door” of detoxification.

Scientific Significance

This study is the first to examine both alcohol and opioid use risk and protective factors in the Alaska Interior. The results can be used in the development of interventions for subpopulations with high detoxification readmission rates.
The role of social media in management of individuals with endometriosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: van den Haspel Kelly , Reddington Charlotte , Healey Martin , Li Rebecca , Dior Uri , Cheng Claudia
Published: April 2022

Background

To better understand the potential role of social media (SM) as a self‐management tool for individuals with endometriosis and to assess its current use by endometriosis patients.

Aims

The primary outcome was use of SM for health in patients with endometriosis. Secondary outcomes included preferred SM platforms for health information sharing and factors that influenced use, positive and negative experiences and reported impacts on health.

Materials and Methods

A single‐centre, cross‐sectional study performed within benign gynaecology units at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. One hundred patients with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis participated. Individuals did not have to be users of SM. Data were collected through an electronic third‐party survey tool (SurveyMonkey®). Analysis methods included descriptive statistical analysis, frequency counts, as well as cross‐tabulation to examine statistical association between variables. Free‐text responses were qualitatively analysed using deductive‐inductive semantic thematic analysis.

Results

Social media was used for health by 76% of patients with endometriosis in this study. SM users were younger, had pelvic pain for more than six months and reported higher rates of psychosocial impact and symptoms from endometriosis. Respondents reported overall positive impacts on psychological, social and cognitive health outcomes (76%) from SM use.

Conclusion

In our cohort, a high number of people with endometriosis are using SM for health. These individuals are more likely to suffer both physical and psychosocial impacts from endometriosis. Hospitals and health organisations may consider support of the endometriosis community through SM.
A cross‐sectional survey of Australian healthcare professionals' confidence, evidence‐based knowledge and guideline use for antenatal asthma management
Authors: Wright Thomas K. , McLaughlin Karen , Jensen Megan E. , Robijn Annelies L. , Foureur Maralyn , Murphy Vanessa E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Asthma is one of the most common chronic health conditions experienced during pregnancy and is associated with numerous adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Aims

To better understand the confidence, evidence‐based knowledge and guideline use among healthcare professionals around Australia commonly involved in providing antenatal care for women with asthma.

Materials and Methods

An online, cross‐sectional survey was developed and distributed to maternity carers (obstetricians and midwives), primary carers (general practitioners and general practice nurses) and respiratory specialists (respiratory physicians and respiratory nurses). Self‐reported confidence and use of clinical guidelines were recorded. Evidence‐based knowledge was assessed with 13 questions relating to four clinical scenarios that covered recommendations from national and international guidelines.

Results

Primary carers and respiratory specialists were more confident in providing antenatal asthma care, more likely to use clinical guidelines and scored significantly higher in evidence‐based knowledge of antenatal asthma management than maternity carers (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in evidence‐based knowledge among healthcare professionals from metropolitan, regional and rural backgrounds. However, healthcare professionals who used clinical guidelines scored significantly higher than those who did not (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Greater utilisation of clinical guidelines could improve the evidence‐based knowledge of maternity carers. However, the absence of antenatal asthma management in obstetric‐ and maternity‐specific guidelines poses a potential barrier that needs to be addressed. Furthermore, the development of multidisciplinary antenatal clinics, staffed by respiratory nurses and/or physicians, could improve outcomes for pregnant women with asthma who are not undertaking shared care.
Persistent low rates of same‐day umbilical hernia repair in Australia over the past 20 years: is there a need to change?
Authors: Davis Sean , Mills Joanna M. Z. , Edwards Suzanne , Hugh Thomas J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Several recent reports have identified significant variations in discharge practices following umbilical hernia repair (UHR). The primary aim of this paper is to determine Australian UHR same day discharge (SDD) rates over the past two decades. Secondary aims are to analyse factors which may contribute to variation in discharge practices, compare Australian UHR SDD rates internationally and determine LOS trends.

Methods

A retrospective, population‐based cohort study was conducted using de‐identified data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (1 July 1998 to 30 June 2019). SDD rates and LOS were calculated for age, gender and complexity. Negative binomial models were used to investigate associations between characteristics.

Results

The overall mean UHR SDD rate was 41.2% with a modest improvement over the study period (36.5% to 44.4%, P < 0.0001). The mean LOS was 3.4 days, and this decreased over the study period (P = 0.01). Males had a higher rate of SDD (42.1% vs. 39.4%, P < 0.0001) and shorter LOS (3.0 vs. 3.7 days, P < 0.0001) compared with females. Increased age was associated with decreased SDD (P < 0.0001) and increased LOS (P < 0.0001). Australia's SDD rate was lower than in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

Conclusion

While SDD and LOS following UHR improved across the study period, SDD rates remain below the RACS recommendation and compare unfavourably internationally. Advancing age and female gender were associated with decreased SDD and increased LOS demonstrating potential areas for improvement. Multiple strategies are discussed to address the persistently low rates of SDD after UHR.
Editorial: Should child and adolescent mental health professionals be diagnosing personality disorder in adolescence?
Authors: Elvins Rachel , Kaess Michael
Published: April 2022

Diagnosing personality disorders in adolescence remains a contentious issue, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK). In this debate section we hear from clinicians, service users and family members on this topic; strongly held views are expressed and evidenced.
Applying developmental science concepts to improve the applicability of children’s food preference learning research
Authors: Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie , Moding Kameron J. , Forestell Catherine A. , Francis Lori A.
Published: April 2022

In many nations today, the quality of children's diets is low, with numerous children rejecting healthy foods. Fortunately, young children can learn to like and consume new and previously rejected foods with experience, as evidenced by extensive experimental research. In this article, we propose integrating research on children's food preference learning with concepts from developmental science to facilitate generalizability across a wider range of children's characteristics and environments. We review emerging research suggesting that increased consideration of individual differences in responsiveness to food preference learning strategies and ecological validity can facilitate dissemination of evidence‐based feeding strategies that fit various children's characteristics and contexts. We incorporate Gottlieb's theory of probabilistic epigenesis to illustrate the importance of considering both individual differences in constitutionally based characteristics and children's naturalistic eating environments since these continually act together to affect eating outcomes. Further research incorporating these factors can help a broader population of parents and caregivers encourage healthy eating in young children's everyday environments.
Effect of the SunSafe Student Ambassador Program on the attitudes, knowledge and behaviour of Australian high-school students towards sun safety: a prospective study
Authors: Hanna Sarah , Marinos Emmanuel , Bryan Derek , Ahmed Tasnia , Lo Serigne N. , Carlino Matteo S. , Smith Annika , Cairns Georgia , Shannon Kerwin , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Saw Robyn P. M.
Published: April 2022

Background

The SunSafe Student Ambassador Program (SSSAP) in Australia uses the peer-to-peer learning environment to educate high-school students about sun-safety.

Aims

To assess whether the SSSAP would improve knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards sun safety in high-school students and whether this would be sustained at 3 months.

Methods

An assessment survey was delivered before, immediately after and 3 months after participation in the SSSAP in 2019.

Results

In total, 503 participants completed the pre-presentation survey, 274 completed the post-presentation survey, and 218 completed both. Immediately following presentation, the total composite score for all 18 knowledge questions increased from a mean ± SD of 11.8 ± 3.5 to 13.8 ± 4.7 (P < 0.001). There was strong evidence for an improvement in one attitude-based question ‘Is it healthy to have a tan?’ (P < 0.01) and one behaviour question about wearing sunscreen daily (P = 0.02). After 3 months, 235 students were matched to their pre-presentation survey. The composite score of all knowledge questions had improved from 11.2 ± 3.5 to 12.1 ± 4.5 (out of a total of 18) (P < 0.01). There was also an improvement in two attitude questions ‘Do you feel better when you have a tan?’ (P = 0.03) and ‘Is it healthy to have a tan?’ (very strong evidence: P < 0.001), and evidence for a reduction in time spent outdoors on a weekday (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

The SSSAP was associated with improvements in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards sun safety immediately and at 3 months post-presentation. Further research is required to determine whether these positive effects are sustained and whether they ultimately reduce skin cancers.
Eosinophilic infiltration of oesophagus following carbamazepine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an under-reported sequel?
Authors: Greenish Huw W. S. , Divekar Preshita , Fortun Paul , Bracey Tim S. , Frewen John , Bendall Oliver
Published: April 2022

We report a patient with carbamazepine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), who developed painful dysphagia in the follow-up period. Gastrointestinal, including oesophageal, complications are rarely reported following DRESS, and we wish to highlight this possibly under-reported phenomenon.
Robotic left hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis: Description of the technique and initial results
Authors: Mora López Laura , Pallisera Lloveras Anna , Serracant Barrera Anna , Garcia‐Nalda A. , Caraballo Angeli M. , Pino Pérez Oriol , Navarro Soto Salvador , Serra Aracil Xavier
Published: April 2022

Aim

The aim was to describe the robot‐assisted intracorporeal anastomosis technique in left colon surgery (rLCS) and report the initial results.

Method

The rLCS was performed in 25 consecutive patients, starting with a Pfannenstiel incision and introducing a prepared anvil. The robot was docked and the affected segment resected. Colotomy was performed and the anvil was introduced in the proximal segment. End‐to‐end anastomosis was performed and reinforced. An air‐leak test was performed.

Results

The results varied in terms of patient's age, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, weight and the technique performed. Most patients had cancer. There was no suture failure or mortality, and the mean hospital stay was 3 days.

Conclusions

The rLCS is a safe, reproducible technique with good initial results. Prospective studies should be performed to demonstrate its advantages.
Human ESC‐derived immunity‐ and matrix‐ regulatory cells ameliorated white matter damage and vascular cognitive impairment in rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Zhao Yilong , Wu Jun , Li Da , Liu Jing , Chen Weiqi , Hou Zongren , Liu Kailun , Jiang Lingling , Chen Xiaowei , Wang Liu , Hu Baoyang , Zong Fangrong , Wang Yukai , Wang Yilong
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study investigated the ability of immunity‐ and matrix‐ regulatory cells (IMRCs) to improve cognitive function in a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment.

Materials and Methods

A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was established in rats via permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (two‐vessel occlusion, 2VO). The rats then received intravenous injections of IMRCs or saline. A single injection of different doses of IMRCs (1 × 106 cells/rat, 2 × 106 cells/rat, or 4 × 106 cells/rat) was administered via tail vein 72 h after establishment of the model. To evaluate functional recovery, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests after 30 days of CCH. Imaging, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to analyse neuroinflammation and white matter injury after 14 and 40 days of CCH. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to profile gene expression changes in copine 1 (CPNE1) in response to IMRCs treatment.

Results

Intravenous injection of 4 × 106 IMRCs alleviated white matter damage and ameliorated cognitive deficits in rats subjected to CCH. Immunofluorescence staining suggested that activation of microglia and astrocytes was reduced, and RNA sequencing showed that CPNE1 expression was significantly elevated following treatment with IMRCs.

Conclusions

Intravenous injection of IMRCs protected against CCH‐induced white matter injury and cognitive impairment inhibition of microglial activation and regulation of microglia polarization.
Linking male reproductive success to effort within and among nests in a co‐breeding stream fish
Authors: Kim Seoghyun , Hooten Mevin B. , Darden Tanya L. , Kanno Yoichiro
Published: April 2022

Nest construction is an energetically costly behavior displayed by males in many taxa. In some species, males construct nests and co‐breed with other males and they may construct multiple nests in a breeding season. However, little is understood about how allocation of effort within and among nests affects male reproductive success. We characterized reproductive effort of male bluehead chub (Nocomis leptocephalus), a nest‐building stream fish, in an entire breeding season in a small stream in South Carolina, USA. By using automated monitoring methods on 18 nests, we recorded time spent by 34 males during the spawning season in 2017. We then linked effort within and among nests to reproductive success, measured by the number of offspring assigned genetically to each male. A Bayesian hierarchical analysis showed that larger males spent more time constructing and maintaining a given nest, and consequently were more reproductively successful than smaller males on the same nest. Combined with aggressive behavior displayed by larger males toward smaller males, this finding suggested that reproductive effort, including agonistic interactions within nests was a determinant of reproductive success. In addition, larger nests constructed by more males led to higher male reproductive success, suggesting the importance of cooperative behaviors. Number of nests that males constructed, a measure of effort across nests, was not a predictor of reproductive success, further supporting that reproductive success varied among nests due to nest size. Our study showed that male reproductive success was determined by both aggressive and cooperative behaviors in a co‐breeding species.
Effect of geometric size deviation induced by machining on the vibration fatigue behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Dallali Manel , Khalij Leila , Conforto Egle , Dashti Alireza , Gautrelet Christophe , Rodrigues Machado Marcela , Souza de Cursi Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Ti‐6Al‐4V plates were machined simultaneously to achieve the reduced section of specimens with a wire‐cut electrical discharge machine (EDM). Geometric shape errors due to the cutting path deviation were discovered on many specimens after the final manufacture. High‐cycle fatigue tests were carried out on these symmetrical and asymmetrical shaped specimens. Probabilistic treatment was used to examine the occurrence probability of one or two cracks, and the fatigue failure mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The objective of this work was to highlight the impact of the geometric size deviation on fatigue life and crack growth.
Inducible defensive traits of Daphnia pulex against predators are mainly determined by the offspring's environment rather than their mother's experience
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Zhang Chenxi , Huang Jing , Gu Lei , Zhang Lu , Sun Yunfei , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou
Published: April 2022

Daphnia can develop a VARIETY of inducible defensive traits when they sense predator kairomone and transmit the predation risk information from females to their offspring. However, limited research has focused on how Daphnia females transmit predation risk information across multiple broods when the mothers and offspring are respectively exposed or not exposed to predation pressure.

Here we conducted a prolonged predation risk transmission experiment, where three generations of Daphnia pulex individuals were cultured with or without fish kairomone until they produce six broods of offspring. Life history traits and morphological defensive traits were measured to investigate how inducible defensive traits were transmitted across generations and multiple broods.

Our results demonstrated that (1) inducible defensive traits of offspring were mainly determined by the offspring's environment rather than their mothers' experience; and (2) as the mothers produced more broods of offspring, inducible defensive traits of the offspring were gradually increased and then decreased.

The present study highlights the reversibility and differences among generations and broods of the transmission of predation risk information via transgenerational effects, which provides a basis for further understanding of transgenerational plasticity across broods.
Rapalog‐induced cell adhesion molecule inhibits mesoderm migration in Xenopus embryos by increasing frequency of adhesion to the ectoderm
Authors: Usami Chisa , Inomata Hidehiko
Published: April 2022

During the gastrula stage of Xenopus laevis, mesodermal cells migrate on the blastocoel roof (BCR) toward the animal pole. In this process, mesodermal cells directly adhere to the BCR via adhesion molecules, such as cadherins, which in turn trigger a repulsive reaction through factors such as Eph/ephrin. Therefore, the mesoderm and BCR repeatedly adhere to and detach from each other, and the frequency of this adhesion is thought to control mesoderm migration. Although knockdown of cadherin or Eph/ephrin causes severe gastrulation defects, these molecules have been reported to contribute not only to boundary formation but also to the internal function of each tissue. Therefore, it is possible that the defect caused by knockdown occurs due to tissue function abnormalities. To address this problem, we developed a method to specifically induce adhesion between different tissues using rapalog (an analog of rapamycin). When adhesion between the BCR and mesoderm was specifically enhanced by rapalog, mesoderm migration was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, we confirmed that rapalog significantly increased the frequency of adhesion between the two tissues. These results support the idea that the adhesion frequency controls mesoderm migration, and demonstrate that our method effectively enhances adhesion between specific tissues in vivo.
A comprehensive study of the batch‐to‐melt conversion process of a high‐boron alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Li Hong , Reben Manuela , Dobyne Jason , Wang Qingwei , Liu Xiaoyun
Published: April 2022

A comprehensive study of the batch‐to‐melt (BtM) conversion process was carried out on a single high‐boron alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass composition, which is relevant to manufacturing high‐performance fiberglass for high‐end electronic applications. In the study, we used several techniques to trace the BtM process from room temperature up to 1400°C, namely isotherm batch heat‐treatment, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), hot‐stage microscopy (HSM), high‐temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). In the BtM process, the intermediate aluminum borate phase (Al4B2O9) between 1000 and 1100°C was identified. The formation of Al4B2O9 is explained in conjunction with the dihydroxylation of kaolin. For the first time, the potential use of the FT‐IR method in studying the BtM process was demonstrated, including the dissolution of sand above 1100°C.
Monitoring of heparin therapy beyond the anti‐Xa activity assay: Evaluation of a thrombin generation assay
Authors: Vermeiren Pauline , Vandevelde Arne , Peperstraete Harlinde , Devreese Katrien M. J.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Global coagulation assays may be of added value to the anti‐Xa assay for monitoring heparin therapy. Unlike most testing methods, the thrombin generation assay (TGA) has the ability to assess the overall function of the hemostatic system, which provides information on the anticoagulation status of patients. We compared the TGA, measured with ST Genesia® STG‐DrugScreen® reagent, with the anti‐Xa assay for monitoring heparin therapy in inflammatory and non‐inflammatory patients. We also determined reference values for STG‐DrugScreen® thrombin generation (TG) parameters.

Methods

Reference values were determined on 120 healthy donors. Furthermore, a spiking experiment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was performed, and samples of patients receiving UFH or LMWH were analyzed with ST Genesia® and the anti‐Xa assay.

Results

High discrepancy between TG parameters and anti‐Xa activity was observed for low LMWH anti‐Xa levels. TG parameters were affected in 36/46 (time to peak) to 42/46 (peak height) patients during UFH therapy with sub‐target anti‐Xa activity levels.

Conclusion

TGA seems insufficiently sensitive for low concentrations of LMWH. There may be an added value of the TGA for monitoring UFH in so‐called heparin‐resistant patients. Therefore, the TGA has the potential to be introduced as an additional tool for monitoring heparin therapy.
Phase transformation and electrochemical charge storage properties of vanadium oxide/carbon composite electrodes synthesized via integration with dopamine
Authors: Andris Ryan , Averianov Timofey , Pomerantseva Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

Chemically preintercalated dopamine (DOPA) molecules were used as both a reducing agent and a carbon precursor to prepare δ‐V2O5·nH2O/C, H2V3O8/C, VO2(B)/C, and V2O3/C nanocomposites via hydrothermal treatment or hydrothermal treatment followed by annealing under Ar flow. We found that the phase composition and morphology of the produced composites are influenced by the DOPA:V2O5 ratio used to synthesize (DOPA)xV2O5 precursors through DOPA diffusion into the interlayer region of the δ‐V2O5·nH2O framework. The increase of DOPA concentration in the reaction mixture led to a more pronounced reduction of vanadium and a higher fraction of carbon in the composites’ structure, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical charge storage properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated in Li‐ion cells with nonaqueous electrolytes. δ‐V2O5·nH2O/C, H2V3O8/C, VO2(B)/C, and V2O3/C electrodes delivered high initial capacities of 214, 252, 279, and 637 mAh g–1, respectively. The insights provided by this investigation open up the possibility of creating new nanocomposite oxide/carbon electrodes for a variety of applications, such as energy storage, sensing, and electrochromic devices.