bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Kawasaki Disease Presenting as Anterior Mediastinitis and Neck Cellulitis
Authors: Dey Subhajit , Das Barnali , Pal Priyankar , Lalbiakzuali Natasha
Published: February 2025

Background:

While classical Kawasaki disease (KD) is easily diagnosed by a well-established set of diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of incomplete KD remains elusive.

Clinical Description:

A 1-year-old girl presented with high fever, painful swelling, and redness over the anterior part of the neck, associated with swallowing difficulty. There was no rash, redness of eyes, or lymphadenopathy.

Management and Outcome:

Considering cellulitis of the neck, antibiotics were initiated. She developed stridor and received dexamethasone. Fever subsided, dysphagia and neck swelling improved by 3 days, but fever re-appeared on day 5, with progressively rising total leukocyte counts, platelets, and C-reactive protein. Magnetic resonance imaging neck showed features of anterior mediastinitis. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin reactivation was noted on day 8. Suspecting atypical KD, echocardiography was done thereafter, which showed left main coronary artery aneurysm. Intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin were started. Because of medium sized aneurysm at repeat echo, increasing in size, treatment was intensified with infliximab and prednisolone. Follow-up echo after 2 weeks, showed diminution in the size of aneurysm with complete regression by 2 months.

Conclusion:

The case highlights yet another atypical manifestation of KD. Only a high index of suspicion in an unusual course of febrile illness in a child can diagnose such incomplete forms of KD.
Lutembacher Syndrome in a Child with Chronic Tonsillopharyngitis
Authors: Vemala Vasudev , Reddy Jyothi Prakash
Published: February 2025

Background:

Lutembacher syndrome (LS) is a condition where congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) co-occur, seen mainly in adult population. We report LS incidentally detected in a child, while seeking medical care for unrelated problem.

Clinical Description:

A 13-year-old boy presented with chronic throat pain and was planned for tonsillectomy. During pre-anesthetic checkup, a cardiac murmur was detected and sent for cardiac evaluation. He was otherwise asymptomatic in the past. On examination, he was underweight with stable vitals, without edema, cyanosis, clubbing, or engorged neck veins. Auscultation revealed normal S1, wide split S2 with A2 >P2, and short ejection systolic in pulmonary area.

Management and Outcome:

Routine laboratory investigations were normal. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, with normal PR and QT intervals. QRS axis – Right axis, normal “P” axis, incomplete RBB (V1–V3 leads) with right ventricle dominant forces. Echocardiography showed a 20 mm ASD, along with MS, thickened anterior mitral leaflet, thickened and fixed posterior mitral leaflet, and chordal thickening, consistent with rheumatic MS, thereby confirming LS. The child was started on regular penicillin prophylaxis, and was advised tonsillectomy.

Conclusion:

This case creates awareness among pediatricians regarding the possible occurrence of LS in children having a chronic source of streptococcal infection like tonsillopharyngitis. Knowledge about this condition and astute echocardiographic evaluation can identify this condition.
Lithophagia in a Child: Unraveling the Puzzle of Celiac Disease
Authors: Kalvala Koundinya , Pandey Snehavardhan , Kokitkar Smita Vilasrao , Bavdekar Ashish
Published: February 2025

Background:

Celiac disease (CD) is known to present with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal manifestations. Although pica may be associated with low iron stores in CD, lithophagia as an extreme form of pica, is rarely reported in CD.

Clinical Description:

A 9-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain, without any vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea. On examination, he was overweight with mild pallor, and diffuse abdominal tenderness, without any palpable lump.

Management and Outcome:

Investigations revealed hemoglobin of 10.7 g/dL, with microcytic hypochromic red blood cells and very low ferritin levels. The abdominal radiograph showed radio-opaque foreign bodies in the entire large bowel and rectum. A review of history revealed lithophagia. These findings in a child with adequate nutrition, with no psychological disorder, raised suspicion of CD. Raised tissue transglutaminase antibody along with villous atrophy on duodenal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CD. The patient was treated with lactulose enemas, followed by iron supplementation and a gluten-free diet. Lithophagia resolved with these measures.

Conclusion:

The case highlights that lithophagia may be the only symptom in a child with CD. A high index of suspicion for CD needs to be kept in an otherwise psychologically normal, nutritionally adequate child having lithophagia.
Methemoglobinemia and Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in a Neonate
Authors: Aggarwal Saurabh , Garg Shubham , Sehgal Mridu Jain , Bhatia Jagpreet Singh
Published: February 2025

Background:

Methemoglobinemia is a condition where heme iron is oxidized from ferrous to ferric state, leading to hypoxia. Commonly due to drugs and toxins, it may rarely occur due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

Clinical Description:

A 20-day-old male neonate presented with lethargy, fever, loose stools, yellowish discoloration of skin, and dark urine. He had received ofloxacin earlier for diarrhea. On examination, neonate was in shock, with cyanosis and respiratory distress. Abdomen, chest, and cardiovascular system were normal.

Management and Outcome:

Despite increasing FiO2 and supportive care for shock, SpO2 did not improve. Chest X-ray, hyperoxia test, and echocardiography ruled out cyanotic cardio-pulmonary disease. Arterial blood gas showed PaO2 >100 mmHg at SpO2 84%. Co-oximetry confirmed elevated methemoglobin (MetHb) levels of 25.9%. The G6PD levels were low, precluding use of methylene blue. With high dose of Vitamin C and blood transfusion, the neonate recovered.

Conclusion:

Methemoglobinemia must be kept in mind while treating a patient with disproportionate hypoxia and cyanosis, not responding to oxygen therapy. Before giving methylene blue, G6PD deficiency should always be ruled out.
Stromal graft rejection after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty at a tertiary care center
Authors: Almousa Khalid S. , Alkharashi Majed S.
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of stromal rejection after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:

The clinical records of 42 patients who underwent DALK between January 2019 and December 2023 were reviewed to identify patients who had experienced stromal rejection. Those patients were analyzed in terms of biodata, indications for surgery, graft size, subjective and objective clinical findings, treatment courses, and follow-ups.

RESULTS:

Of the 42 cases of DALK conducted during the study in our center, 3 (7.1%) experienced graft rejection between postoperative months 8 and 18. The mean age of patients with rejection at presentation was 30.6 years, compared to 33.5 years for those without rejection. The mean follow-up durations were 16.6 months for patients with rejection and 25.7 months for patients without rejection. All patients started intensive topical prednisolone acetate 1% (half hourly to hourly) on first presentation, and one had a pulse of intravenous methylprednisolone. A complete recovery was observed in all patients after 1–2 weeks.

CONCLUSION:

While DALK offers significant advantages over full-thickness corneal grafting, graft rejection remains a potential complication. Early presentation and timely treatment of rejection after DALK carry a good prognosis and can prevent graft failure.
Battery signal control model for large-scale IoT medical monitors under multipath interference
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Zhang Shengnan , Chen Ding , Moqurrab Syed Atif
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: In large-scale IOT medical monitors, the accurate control of battery signals has been facing the problem of multipath interference. Multipath interference causes the receiver to receive multiple signals propagating through different paths and interfering with each other, which results in an imbalance in the battery signal control based on the time delay of the "transmit-receive" signals.
OBJECTIVES: To solve the multipath interference problem of existing battery signal control, this paper designs a battery signal control model for a large-scale IoT medical monitor.
METHODS: Firstly, this paper uses time synchronization to align the time between the receiver and the transmitter to synchronize the communication signals of the acquisition system; Next, a transverse time-domain filter is used for modulation filtering; Then, a judgment feedback equalization algorithm is introduced in combination with a full-feedback filter to suppress the inter-code interference and improve the signal quality; Finally, a fractional interval equalizer is designed to adjust the weight coefficients of the equalizer taps, and implement intelligent battery signal control in multi-hop communication under multipath interference based on fractional interval and bit error rate (BER) feedback modulation.
RESULTS: Experimental results have shown that after using the method described in this paper to control the communication signal of the monitor battery, the output signal is relatively stable, and the BER reaches 1×10-4 when the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 18dB. The BER is low, and the carrier-to-noise ratio of the output signal is 0.73~0.85. The carrier-to-noise ratio always remains above 0.73.
CONCLUSION: The technologies effectively deal with complex network environment and channel condition variation, ensuring balanced system control, and the signal control effect is outstanding.
Arithmetic Geometry
Authors: Bhatt Bhargav , Caraiani Ana , Faltings Gerd , Scholze Peter
Published: February 2025

Arithmetic geometry is at the interface between algebraic geometry and number theory, and studies schemes over the ring of integers of number fields, or their

p

-adic completions. The talks covered a wide range of topics including the categorical Langlands program, Shimura varieties, complex and

p

-adic Hodge theory, homotopy theory, and Diophantine geometry.
Topologie
Authors: Behrens Mark , Charney Ruth , Randal-Williams Oscar , Stipsicz András I.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the recurring workshop is to inform topologists of various spcialization about major advances in other parts of topology, foster collaboration and possibly advance this broad and far reaching field of mathematics.
Recent Developments in Dirichlet Form Theory and Related Fields
Authors: Chen Zhen-Qing , Röckner Michael , Takeda Masayoshi , Winter Anita
Published: February 2025

Theory of Dirichlet forms is one of the main achievements in modern probability theory. It has numerous interactions with other areas of mathematics and sciences. The recent notable developments are its role in the study of Liouville Brownian motion, Gaussian free field, stochastic partial differential equations, stochastic analysis on metric measure spaces, and Markov processes in random environments.The workshop brings together top experts in Dirichlet form theory, stochastic analysis and related fields, with the common theme of developing new foundational methods and their applications to specific areas of probability.
MATRIX-MFO Tandem Workshop: Invariants in Low-Dimensional Topology: Combinatorics, Geometry, and Computation
Authors: Friedl Stefan , Licata Joan , Tillmann Stephan , Truöl Paula
Published: February 2025

The MATRIX-MFO tandem workshop addressed several research questions in low-dimensional topology and related areas. The format of the workshop consisted primarily of discussion sessions focusing on computable invariants of colored spatial graphs, random knots, small clasp number knots, algebraic models for Poincaré duality complexes in dimension 4, and the topological volume of the three-torus.
The split $5$-Casimir operator and the structure of
$\wedge \mathfrak{ad}^{\otimes 5}$
Authors: Isaev Aleksei Petrovich , Krivonos Sergei Olegovich
Published: February 2025

In the present paper, using the split Casimir operators,
we find the decomposition of the antisymmetric part of
the fifth power of the adjoint representation
$\mathfrak{ad}^{\otimes 5}$.
This decomposition contains, in addition to the representations that appeares
in the decomposition of $\mathfrak{ad}^{\otimes 4}$, only one new
representation of $X_5$. The universal dimension of this representation
for exceptional Lie algebras was proposed in [1].
Our decomposition holds for all Lie algebras.
Normalization flow in the presence of a resonance
Authors: Treschev Dmitry Valerevich
Published: February 2025

Following [18], we develop an approach to the Hamiltonian theory of normal forms based on continuous averaging. We concentrate on the case of normal forms near an elliptic singular point, but unlike [18] we do not assume that frequences of the linearized system are non-resonant. We study analytic properties of the normalization procedure. In particular, we show that in the case of a codimension one resonance an analytic Hamiltonian function may be reduced to a normal form up to an exponentially small reminder with explicit estimates of the reminder and the analyticity domain.
Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection Using YOLOv8 with Whale
Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Nandal Priyanka , Pahal Sudesh , Sharma Tripti , Omesh Omesh
Published: February 2025

Driver fatigue and drowsiness portray an integral role in the frequency of road
accidents. Putting in place policies intended to alert drivers is imperative for
averting accidents and saving lives. This work aims to improve road safety by
devising a real-time driver drowsiness detection system. To accomplish this,
drowsiness is detected using YOLOv8 algorithm optimized with the whale
optimization algorithm (WOA). Key facial cues such as eye closure and yawning
frequency are monitored to analyze driving behavior by the suggested approach.
YOLOv8 model optimized with WOA processes video streams in real time and sets
off an alarm on the graphical user interface (GUI) dashboard based on the
output. The proposed approach was investigated using two datasets namely
UTA-RLDD and D3S. A 640 × 640 pixel image with a frame rate of 50 fps was used
in the investigation. The mAP at 0.5 (mean average precision at 0.5 IoU
(intersection over union) threshold) of drowsiness detection system using
UTA-RLDD dataset is 85.4% and using D3S dataset is 84.3%. It was indicated by
the obtained results that the WOA-optimized YOLOv8 model attains superior
detection accuracy and quicker inference times in comparison to the contemporary
methods. This analysis sets the stage for advancements in real-time drowsiness
detection techniques for implementation in vehicle safety systems.
Validating Human Factors-Based Classification Models for Safe and
Efficient Mixed-Autonomy Interactions at Intersections Using a Virtual
Simulator
Authors: Ziraldo Erika , Oliver Michele
Published: February 2025

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promises significant improvements
to road safety and traffic congestion. However, mixed-autonomy traffic remains a
major challenge as AVs are ill-suited to cooperate with human drivers in complex
scenarios like intersection navigation. Specifically, human drivers use social
cooperation and cues to navigate intersections while AVs rely on conservative
driving behaviors that can lead to rear-end collisions, frustration from other
road users, and inefficient travel. Using a virtual driving simulator, this
study investigates the use of a human factors-informed cooperation model to
reduce AV reliance on conservative driving behaviors. Four intersection
scenarios, each involving a left-turning AV and a human driver proceeding
straight, were designed to obfuscate the right-of-way. The classification models
were trained to predict the future priority-taking behavior of the human driver.
Results indicate that AVs employing the human factors-informed model were able
to navigate the mixed-autonomy intersection scenarios significantly more
efficiently without affecting safety or rider comfort when compared to a
baseline, cautious AV. Overall, this research contributes to improved
mixed-autonomy interactions and provides evidence for the importance of
cooperation between AVs and human-driven vehicles.
Deep Learning-Enhanced Direct Torque Control of BLDC Motors for
Optimized Electric Vehicle Performance
Authors: Patel Sandesh , Yadav Shekhar , Tiwari Nitesh
Published: February 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a promising solution to reduce environmental
issues and decrease dependency on fossil fuels. The main drawback associated
with the direct torque control (DTC) scheme is that it is incapable of improving
the efficiency and response time of the EVs. To overcome this problem,
integrating deep learning (DL) techniques into DTC offers a valuable solution to
enhance the performance of the drive system of EVs. This article introduces
three control methods to improve the output for DTC-based BLDC motor drives: a
traditional proportional–integral for speed controller (speed PI), a neural
network fitting (NNF)-based speed controller (speed NNF), and a custom neural
(CN) network-based speed controller (speed CN). The NNF and CN are DL techniques
designed to overcome the limitations of conventional PI controllers, such as
retaining the percentage overshoot, settling times, and improving the system’s
efficiency. The CN controller reduced the torque ripple by 15%, maintained the
percentage overshoot by 10–15%, and also improved the settling time by 5%,
leading to a 17.5% improvement in energy efficiency compared to the PI
controller. The adaptive DL controller provides a 20% faster response time in
regulating the torque output during dynamic driving conditions. DL-based DTC
speed control improves the BLDC motor performance compared to the traditional PI
controllers. The PI controller is simple and efficient for steady-state but
shows poor performance in dynamic conditions due to large overshoot and long
settling time. The NNF controller improves accuracy in static conditions. The CN
controller offers better performance and dynamic flexibility with fast
adaptation but requires higher computational power and is more complex to
implement. The performance assessments of EVs are validated by developing the
FTP72 and US06 driving cycle. This research appears to play a crucial role in
advancing propulsion systems for EVs in the future.
Impact of Dietary Variation on Gut Microbiota Composition in Macaca fascicularis at the Primate Research Center, IPB University
Authors: Tambunan Anggitha , Rianti Puji , Darusman Huda Shalahudin , Kyes Randall C.
Published: February 2025

Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis: LTMs) are widely distributed, adaptable primates commonly used as animal models in biomedical research. At primate facilities such as the Dramaga Captive Breeding Facility and the Tinjil Island Natural Habitat Breeding Facility at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, LTMs experience varying diets depending on their captive or semi-wild environments. At Dramaga Captive Breeding Facility, LTMs housed in individual and group cages are provided with different feeding regimens, whereas the semi-wild LTMs on Tinjil Island feed primarily on natural food sources with occasional, very modest provisioning of bananas. Our study's objective is to evaluate these diets' influence on the gut microbiota and overall health of LTMs. Through comparative analysis of fecal microbiomes using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified distinct gut microbiota profiles between captive and semi-wild LTMs. Semi-wild LTMs displayed a predominance of Proteobacteria, notably Succinivibrio, associated with a high-fiber diet derived from wild plant consumption. In contrast, captive LTMs housed in individual and group cages exhibited dominance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, respectively. These findings suggest that diet is pivotal in shaping gut bacterial profiles, potentially impacting metabolic functions. Our study provides insight into the relationship between certain diets and gut bacterial composition in LTMs across different breeding facilities at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, thereby offering valuable implications for LTMs' welfare and management strategies.
Development of Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Equine Piroplasma Infection in Horses
Authors: Nugraha Arifin , Cahyaningsih Umi
Published: February 2025

The identification of equine piroplasmosis and surra disease in infected horses currently presents a significant challenge. Clinical symptoms and blood smears are commonly used to diagnose these two diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex amplification assay capable of simultaneously identifying all three blood protozoa (equine piroplasma and Trypanosoma evansi) in a single test. The primer pairs used for detecting T. equi, B. caballi, and Trypanosoma evansi were ema-2-t (587 bp), Bc-134 (429 bp), and Rotat 1.2 VSG (151 bp), respectively. The multiplex PCR assay was subsequently evaluated for its detection limit, sensitivity percentage, and specificity using single PCR as the reference standard. The multiplex PCR method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for detecting both Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi, with all positive samples confirmed by a single PCR. It also achieved 100% specificity for both the parasites. However, for Babesia caballi, while the sensitivity remained at 100%, the specificity was reduced to 66%, indicating some limitations in accurately identifying negative samples. For the multiplex PCR assay, the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.01 ng/µL for both T. equi and B. caballi, whereas Trypanosoma evansi exhibited a detection threshold of 1 ng/µL. When multiplex PCR assays were used to screen blood samples obtained from horses in selected districts of Bogor, only a single sample showed a positive result for T. equi. The sensitivities and specificities achieved by multiplex PCR and single PCR were comparable. Therefore, the multiplex PCR method developed in this study can be effectively applied to diagnose piroplasmosis and surra in horses.
Distribution and frequency of blood groups and haemoglobin genotype pattern among blood donors in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria
Authors: Dirisu I.M. , Okuonghae E.M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The ABO is a blood group system that is responsible for most blood transfusion reactions, transplant rejections and determining some forensic cases. The ABO and Rh blood group systems have been shown to show variations in different parts of the world and race. Haemoglobin is an intracellular protein found in red blood cells. Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in this protein manifest as haemoglobinopathy.The study is to show the frequency and distribution of ABO, Rh blood groups and haemoglobin phenotype of eligible blood donors in Delta state University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Nigeria
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of all blood donors attending the blood bank in DELSUTH from November 2022 to April 2003. Consecutive sampling technique was used and samples for blood group and haemoglobin genotype was collected from eligible donors. Data from the blood ban analysed using SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 95 donors were involved in the study. Analysis of the ABO blood group showed that the frequency blood group O,A,B and AB, were 83.2%,7.4%,7.4% and 2.2% respectively. RhD positive donors accounted for 93.7% of donors and RhD negative were 6.3%. 83.2% of donors had genotype AA while16.8% were genotype AS.
Conclusion: Blood group O and RhD positive were the commonest blood group while genotype AA was the commonest genotype among blood donors in the facility.
Qualitative and mixed methods research: underutilized tools in neuroscience research within the East African context
Authors: Njoroge Felix , Mahat Ruqiya , Mwachaka Philip
Published: February 2025

Neuroscience, the intricate study of the nervous system, has traditionally relied heavily on quantitative research methods to decode the complexities of brain function, neural activity, and cognitive processes. However, the growing recognition of the limitations of purely quantitative approaches has led to an increasing appreciation for qualitative and mixed methods research globally. These approaches offer a richer, more nuanced understanding of the human brain, particularly when it comes to the investigation of experiences, behaviour, and societal impact. In the East African context, where cultural, social, and economic factors significantly influence health and disease, the application of these methodologies is particularly pertinent. This editorial article looks into the potential applications of qualitative and mixed methods research in neuroscience in East Africa, exploring how these methodologies can enrich our understanding of neuroscience.
A radiological assessment of the morphology and morphometry of the Vidian canal in a select Kenyan population
Authors: Njoroge Jimmy , Butt Fawzia , Mandela Pamela
Published: February 2025

Background: The increased use of endoscopic approaches to the skull base has necessitated the identification of landmarks that assist in avoiding iatrogenic injury to structures within the skull base. The vidian canal (VC) is an established landmark for the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Although population differences have been reported in the literature, the area remains relatively unexplored in African populations. Materials and methods: Axial and coronal sections of 96 high-resolution computed tomography scans of Kenyan skulls were analyzed to determine VC morphometry. The VC length was determined using axial sections, and the VC - medial pterygoid plate (MPP) distance was determined using coronal sections. Results: The mean VC length studied was 16.50±2.30mm (10.50-22.40mm). No statistically significant differences were noted between sides (p=0.686) or sexes (p= 0.826, 0.593). The mean VC-MPP distance was 9.60±2.70 mm (2.40-21.40mm). No statistically significant differences were noted between sides (p=0.237) or sexes (p=0.886,0.850). The relational configurations of the VC to the SS were noted as follows: Type I (wholly within the cavity of the SS)-21.35%, Type II (VC on the floor of the SS or partially protruding into the SS) -76.57%, Type III (VC within the sphenoid corpus)- 2.08%. No significant correlation was noted between the type of VC configuration described and the side of the skull studied (p= 0.499). However, a significant correlation was noted between the type of VC configuration and sex (p=0.001). Conclusion: The increased prevalence of type I VCs among males indicates an increased risk during transsphenoidal surgical approaches in them.
Planning For Teaching Mathematics And Science In Rwanda Secondary Schools: Stakeholder Engagement And Experience Sharing Through Adaptive Planning Process
Authors: Nsengimana Venuste , Manishimwe Henriette , Mutarutinya Vedaste , Ntihabose Ruth , Karegeya Claude , Nzabahimana Joseph , Uwineza Innocente , Josiane Mukagihana  , Pascasie Nyirahabimana
Published: February 2025

In the pursuit of improving the quality of education, the involvement of stakeholders in the planning of mathematics and science teaching and learning has been a persistent concern. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate how stakeholders can be engaged in the planning process for teaching mathematics and science at the secondary school level in Rwanda. The study had two main objectives: (1) to assess the current level of participation by school stakeholders in the planning of teaching and learning, and (2) to apply an adaptive planning process to engage stakeholders in planning of activities related to the teaching and learning of mathematics and science at the school level. The study used the Adaptive Planning Approach, which involves engaging stakeholders in the planning process. It was conducted in four secondary schools that were purposefully selected based on their participation in continuous professional development training programs in teaching and learning of mathematics and science. Two schools were from the rural and other two were from the urban area districts in Rwanda. A total of 44 participants, comprising 8 parents, 16 teachers, 8 students, 4 head teachers, 4 deputy head teachers, and 4 sector education officers participated in the study. Data was collected into three main stages: (1) pre-Adaptive Planning Process workshop using the interview, (2) Adaptive Planning Process (APP) workshop to assess the current engagement of stakeholders at school level and (3) plan for the activities aiming for teaching mathematics and science and (4) develop the implementation and monitoring plan for the activities planned during the APP workshop. Results demonstrate stakeholders sharing the experience, working together to formulate a vision, exploring their values, and collaboratively developing objectives towards the vision. They have also indicated a collaborative plan for the implementation and monitoring of school activities. We conclude that facilitating equitable participation among a wide range of stakeholders and taking care to include parents enriches the knowledge base from which to manage the teaching of mathematics and science process and lays a foundation for a collaborative relationship among school stakeholders. We recommend more studies of this kind to verify and generalize the findings of this research.
Emerging Research Trends In Computer Science: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kaijage Kashaija Japhet , Lissah Jane
Published: February 2025

This study explores emerging research areas in Computer Science through bibliometric analysis using data retrieved from the Scopus database. A systematic search was conducted using a predefined query, initially yielding 6,300 documents, which were refined based on publication year (2015–2025), subject area (Computer Science), document type (journal articles), language (English), and Open Access availability, resulting in 447 articles. The analysis was conducted by using the generated bibliometric maps, including term co-occurrence, and co-authorship networks. The results highlight key emerging research trends, including advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), cybersecurity, and quantum computing. Additionally, global collaboration patterns reveal leading research contributors and potential areas for international cooperation. The findings provide valuable insights into the future directions of Computer Science research, offering strategic opportunities for institutions like Arusha Technical College to contribute to and benefit from these advancements.
Anthropology of friendship: A preliminary review
Authors: Syukur Yanuardi
Published: February 2025

This paper elaborates studies related to the anthropology of friendship and relates the findings to the locus of the intellectual community named INSISTS. Various anthropological studies of friendship can be categorized into studies of friendship construction, interaction between actors in friendship, interests between actors in friendship and exchange between actors in friendship. In these various studies, this paper shows that for the context of the study of religious intellectual communities, friendship studies do not only focus on shared beliefs, concerns, sentiments, and so on, but also need to elaborate on the interests of religious actors. So far, actor interests have only been defined in terms of emotional and instrumental interests. This paper adds another type of actor’s interest, namely intellectual interest, which is inherent in the interaction between actors. The intellectual interest is indeed based on the locus of the intellectual community, but it is possible that the ‘intellectual interest’ is also present in other communities in which there is an exchange of ideas between actors.
Analysis of The Impact of E=Office System on Organizational Performanceo of Commercial Banks in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Idele Emezanena , Okoh Lucky
Published: February 2025

The main objective of this study was to examine the analysis of the impact of E-office system on organizational performance of Commercial Banks in Delta State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Resource based theory. A cross-Sectional survey research design was used. Five Commercial Banks operating in Delta State namely First Bank, Zenith Bank, Guaranty trust Bank, Unity Bank and Access Bank with a population of study of forty (40) top and middle level staff of state. However, only thirty-eight (38) of the respondents contributed to the study. The primary data of the study was collected through a well structured questionnaire administered to the respondents. The hypotheses formulated were tested sing the spearmen Rank correlation co-efficient with the aid of the SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that E-office system has a significant impact in controlling employee performance and record management of commercial Banks in Delta State, Nigeria. The study concludes that e-office system has significant positive effect on organizational performance. The study recommend that management of commercial banks should effectively invest in technical training and capacity building for their staff, allocation of sufficient budget for installing modern and reliable ICT facilities and infrastructures which will assist the institution to adequately implement the e-office modern technology, and lastly provision of a reliable and adequate power supply.
Effect of Corruption on Entrepreneurial Development in Nigeria
Authors: Mojishola Ebajemito
Published: February 2025

Corruption is one of the fundamental challenges undermining developmental efforts made by countries across the globe especially in Africa. Arising from this understanding, this study broadly aimed to examine the effect of corruption on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The population of the study was three hundred youth across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The data for this work was gathered through personal interview, observation and the use of questionnaire. The work asked questions to include, why there is still large numbers of youths without entrepreneurial skills and why money earmarked for entrepreneurial development goes into wrong hands. Findings of the study revealed that lack of credit facilities arising from embezzlement of public funds has significant impact on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. Also, I was discovered that there is a relationship between bribery driven government policy inconsistency and entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, and that there is a correlation between kickbacks driven high interest rates on loans and entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The work recommended that government at all levels in Nigeria should make good policies to reduce youth unemployment through entrepreneurial development; government should also block loopholes to allow for efficient use of finance for entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The government of Nigeria should make entrepreneurial skills for the youth compulsory because of the continuous increase in the population of the youth.
The impact of Dioscorea villosa extracts on haematological parameters in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino wistar rats
Authors: Nwankwo U.V. , Agbafor K.N. , Offor C.E. , Nwabueze C.V. , Eluu S.C. , Oko A.O.
Published: February 2025

Nephrotoxicity, or kidney damage, is associated with the use of various therapeutic agents, including gentamicin. This study aimed to assess the impact of Dioscorea villosa leaf and root extracts on hematological parameters in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity of albino rats. A total of 114 albino rats were randomly assigned to 19 groups of 6 rats each, divided into four subgroups (A-D, E-H, I-L, M-P) and control groups (Q, R, S). Kidney damage was induced in all groups except the normal control (Q) by injecting 100 mg/kg of gentamicin intraperitoneally. Groups A-D received 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg of deionized water leaf extract (DWL). Groups E-H received the same deionized water root extract (DWR) doses. Groups I-L received diethyl ether leaf extract (DER), and groups M-P received diethyl ether root extract (DEL). Group Q received normal saline, group R (negative control) received normal saline, and group S (positive control) received 25 mg/kg of silymarin. All treatments were administered orally for 14 days, and hematological assessments were carried out using standard methods. Results showed that Hb, PCV, and red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the untreated gentamicin-induced group compared to all other groups. However, administering different doses of D. villosa extracts significantly increased (p<0.05) the Hb, PCV, and RBC levels, similar to the effects of silymarin. The total WBC count was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the untreated group compared to all other groups. These findings suggest that D. villosa could be a valuable natural remedy for nephrotoxicity.
Antibacterial activity of bacteriocin extracted from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from fermented rice-water milk extract against selected pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Olisaka F. N. , Mgbemene A. O. , Onyia C. F. , Iwu V. , Onyemaechi P.
Published: February 2025

Bacteriocin are produced by lactic acid bacteria during their primary growth phase as natural antimicrobial agents against closely or distantly related microorganisms in their natural environment. This study aimed at ascertaining the inhibitory effect of bacteriocin extracted from Lactobacillus strains, against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus sp. was isolated from rice water samples utilizing the de Mann, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and subsequently, the MRS broth. The isolates were morphologically and biochemically identified, then further confirmed to be Lactobacillus plantarum strains using the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Chloroform solvent precipitation was carried out to extract the bacteriocin from the MRS broth culture. The bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (RW1) displayed high inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacteria at 5-13mm, as compared to 9mm for the Gram-positive bacteria. The Lactobacillus plantarum 2 (RW2) bacteriocin displayed the highest activity against both the Gram-negative bacteria and the Gram-positive bacteria at 14mm and 10mm respectively. Characterization of the bacterial isolates using the 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the isolates to be Lactobacillus plantarum strain LL441 and Lactobacillus plantarum strain C11. In conclusion, the chloroform extracted bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from new sources, displayed antibacterial activity and could serve as bio-preservatives against pathogens in food and the food industries.
Smoking behavior, alcohol intake and depressive symptoms among adolescents attending public secondary schools in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Abdussalaam Rukayat O. , Afolabi Wasiu A.O. , Onabanjo Oluseye O. , Alarima Cornelius I.
Published: February 2025

Background: The growing prevalence of substance abuse and other defective behaviors linked with depression among adolescents has resulted in greater concern.Objective: This study assessed smoking behavior, alcohol intake and depressive symptoms among adolescents attending public secondary schools in Abeokuta.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school adolescents in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. A modified Global School-based Student Health Survey questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and alcohol and drug use. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive disorder symptoms. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21. Statistical significance association was established at p≤0.05.Results: The results revealed that 76.9% were within the age range of 15-19 years. Although majority (87.4%) reported not smoking cigarettes, 54.4% had ever taken alcohol, 29.5% consumed alcohol within the previous month and 33.1% reported age ≤ 13 years at first intake of alcohol. Prevalence of mild to moderately-severe symptoms of depression was 44.0% with mild (36%) and moderate (7.3%) symptoms being the most common. The age of respondents (X2 = 7.646, p=0.024), father's occupation (X2 = 9.76, p=0.045), who therespondent lived with (X2 = 8.81, p=0.003), age at first cigarette trial (X2 = 17.015, p = 0.000), use of other tobacco products (X2 = 11.374, p = 0.003) and number of days smoked (X2 = 10.117, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of alcohol use compared to cigarette smoking or use of other tobacco products among the adolescents. Mild and moderate depressive disorder symptoms are common suggesting a need for intervention programs to aid early detection and treatment in schools along with mental health education.
Food consumption pattern and prevalence of obesity among street food vendors in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State
Authors: Oyeyemi Oseyemi O. , Olojede Iskilu A. , Lano-Maduagu Atinuke T. , Olalusi Oluwaseun M. , Olajide Bolanle R . , Adebowale Agboola A. , Oladosu Gbenga S. , Afolabi Wasiu O.
Published: February 2025

Background: Obesity has emerged as a significant global challenge, affecting developed and developing countries. Traders including street food vendors often consume street food which is often laden with processed foods, sugar, or calories, as well as higher energy and fat intake which increases the risk of overweight and obesity.Objective: This study assessed the food consumption pattern and prevalence of obesity among street food vendors in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State.Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred respondents in Abeokuta South Local Government Area. Data was elicited through a semi-structured questionnaire with different sections on socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, dietary habits, food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric characteristics. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS, v20.0).Results: More respondents (32%) fell between the ages of 26-34 years and were predominantly female (84%). A higher percentage of the respondents (73%) consume sugar-sweetened beverages, 30% mostly consume rice and 13% mostly consume bread. Many (42%) of the respondents are overweight, 18% have obesity grade 1, and 6% have obesity grade 2. There was a strong association between socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status at p<0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: This study established obesity prevalence among street food vendors with risk factors considered to be high intake of energy-dense meals and sugar-sweetened soft drinks as well as most respondents consuming three or more meals daily. It is recommended that street food vendors control their consumption patterns of energy-dense foods, meal consumption frequency, and sugar-sweetened soft drinks intake to reduce the high prevalence of obesity among them.
The nutritional, physico-chemical and sensory properties of stirred yoghurt fortified with orange-fleshed sweet potato extract
Authors: Asogwa Ifeyinwa S. , Eze Chinazom M. , Iloha Ogochukwu E. , Afam Emmanuel O.
Published: February 2025

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a major global health challenge that leads to blindness, retarded growth and death, particularly in developing countries. There is need to fortify food products like yoghurt with pro-vitamin A rich Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) to forestall this deficiency.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of OFSP extract on the nutritional, phytochemical, physico-chemical and sensory qualities of stirred yoghurt.Methods: OFSP extract was added to yoghurt mix at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% levels prior to fermentation with yoghurt starter culture. The samples were designated as OFY0, OFY5, OFY10, OFY15 and OFY20 respectively. The proximate, phytochemical, physico-chemical compositions of the yoghurt samples were evaluated. Microbiological and sensory properties of the samples were also determined.Results: The moisture content of the samples increased (p<0.05) with increase in the levels of OFSP extract. The protein content decreased (p<0.05) from 5.71% for OFY0 to 4.81% OFY20. The β-carotene level of the samples increased signicantly (p<0.05) with increase in extract content. Total flavonoid content of the samples increased (p<0.05) from 0.65mgGAE/100g to 6.20mgGAE/100g for OFY0 and OFY20 respectively. The viscosity and titratable acidity of the samples reduced (p<0.05) with increasing extract levels. Lactic acid bacteria count decreased with increase in extract level. There were no signicant (p>0.05) differences among the samples in overall acceptability except for OFY20 which had a lower score.Conclusion: Acceptable β-carotene rich stirred yoghurt could be produced by incorporating OFSP extract up to 20% level into yoghurt mix.
Breakfast consumption and body mass index of undergraduate students of human nutrition and dietetics, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Deniran Igbagboyemi Adesola , Aleru Elizabeth Oluwafolakemi , Bodunde Ifeoluwa Omolara , Ifeoluwa Ifeoluwa , Yusuf Aisha Opeyemi
Published: February 2025

Background: Increased body weight is one of the detrimental health effects of skipping breakfast.Objective: This study examined breakfast consumption and body mass index (BMI) of students in the Human Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Lead City University Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved one hundred (100) undergraduate students. The students were selected randomly and a proportionate method was used to calculate the number of students selected at each level. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the eligible respondents. Data wereanalyzed using SPSS version 23.0 for descriptives such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations and Chi-square was used to determine the relationship at p<0.05Results: The mean age of the undergraduate students was 21.5 ± 2.8 years. More than half (53.0%) of the students did not consume breakfast on a daily basis. Ready-to-eat foods (27.0%) were the most commonly consumed breakfast foods. Although more than half of the students were of normal weight status (58.0%), theprevalence of overweight was high (22.0%). Chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between breakfast consumption and BMI ( 2 = 44.282, p = 0.000). Overweight (22.0%) and obesity (8.0%) were higher among undergraduate students who skipped breakfast than those who did not.Conclusion: Consumption of breakfast has a significant influence on the nutritional status of undergraduate students. It is important, therefore, to develop policies within institutions that will provide an avenue for breakfast consumption among university students.