bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PULSIN-CAP CHRONOMODULATED DRUG DELIVERY OF SELECTIVE ANTI-ANGINAL DRUG: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: PARIDA KIRTI RANJAN , TALWAR PRITI
Published: July 2023

Objective: In the current work, an attempt was made to formulate the chrono pharmaceutical drug delivery of Ivabradine HCl to the colon. A time-delayed capsule was prepared by sealing the micro particles inside a gelatin capsule made up of erodible hydrogel plug.
Methods: The microparticles were formulated by counter-ion elicited aggregation methodology. A natural polymer such as chitosan was chosen as polycation and smaller molecular electrolytes like sodium citrate, sodium sulphate and sodium tripolyphosphate were chosen as poly-anions. The formulated aggregate microparticles were tested for surface morphology, size distribution, in vitro un-harness and drug excipient interaction. Optimized microparticles formulations were carefully chosen on the basis on dissolution studies. The whole device was enteric coated and hydrogel plug was placed in the capsule opening.
Results: The pulsatile capsule was found to be acceptable to delay the drug release in small intestinal fluid and eject out the plugin colonic fluid, thus releasing the microparticles into colonic fluid after a lag time criterion of 5 h. To mimic the pH changes along the GI tract, three dissolution media with pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 were sequentially used. FT-IR study established that there was no interaction between the drug and polymer. Among all the formulations, Ivabradine HCl prepared with sodium tripolyphosphate showed prolonged release for a period of 12 h.
Conclusion: The obtained results revealed the system's capability to defer the drug release for a programmable period and prevent a sharp increase in blood pressure during the early morning hours when the risk of heart attack is the greatest.
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTILCES: MODERN PROGRESS IN NOSE-TO-BRAIN TRANSDUCTION
Authors: SOWMYA C. , PRAKAASH K. K. SURIYA , AHMED H. ABRAR
Published: July 2023

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising delivery system for drugs targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS) via the Nose-To-Brain (NTB) route. The unique characteristics of SLNs, such as their small particle size, high stability, and ability to encapsulate lipophilic drugs, make them suitable for crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and achieving targeted delivery to the brain. This has led to the development of SLNs-based formulations of drugs for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Overall, the recent advances in SLN technology have improved these nanoparticles' stability, drug loading capacity and BBB crossing ability, making them a promising delivery system for NTB drug delivery. SLNs are composed of a solid lipid core surrounded by a surfactant coating, which allows for the encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Additionally, we will also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives of using SLNs for NTB delivery of CNS therapeutics. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in using SLNs for NTB delivery and to encourage further research in this field.
QUALITY BY DESIGN-DRIVEN FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ENALAPRIL MALEATE LOADED MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: KOMATI SOMESHWAR , BHANOJI RAO MUDDANA ESWARA , SWAIN SURYAKANTA , GHOSE DEBASHISH
Published: July 2023

Objective: The study is to formulate the enalapril maleate-loaded mucoadhesive microspheres with varied compositions of selected polymers for developing the oral controlled release formulations prepared by ionic gelation method and optimization through central composite design.
Methods: Systematic optimization of microspheres was accomplished by the central composite design and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and ex vivo mucoadhesion strength, which indicated that microspheres were a consequence to be spherical and free-flowing in nature. The microspheres exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release in a sustained manner, which was considered to be dependent on the concentration of rate-controlling polymers. The microspheres are showed 389.2 to 850 µm particle size and 22.36 to 85.22 % encapsulation efficiency. In vitro studies indicated optimized formulation showed 89.26% drug release after 12h and reduced blood pressure effectively.
Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated with Cmax of 75.39 µg/ml, tmax of 8h, and AUC of 53.55 µg/hr/ml, elimination rate constant of 0.0392 and t1/2 of 10h. The stability studies were conducted for 3 mo under various conditions and identified no significant deviations in selected key quality attributes.
Conclusion: The formulated mucoadhesive microspheres of enalapril maleate tend to reduce the blood pressure in the animal model, with the novel drug delivery approach in the efficient management of hypertension.
A NEW ROBUST ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND STRESS DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR ESTIMATING RITONAVIR BY UV-SPECTROSCOPY AND HPLC METHODS
Authors: PARVEEN NEHA , ROUTH TIASHA , GOSWAMI AMIT KUMAR , MONDAL SUMANTA
Published: July 2023

Objective: To specify ritonavir and its commercial dosage form, the current study set out to design and validate concise, precise, and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. The developed spectroscopy and chromatographic methods are reliable, precise, accurate, and specific for estimating ritonavir.
Methods: The method is superior to previously described methods due to its shorter retention duration, use of an affordable and easily accessible mobile phase, UV detection, and improved peak resolution. The maximum absorbance was determined by analysing multiple concentration ranges of ritonavir at 10-60 µg/ml using the UV-spectrophotometric method. The chromatographic separation was performed with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (1:1 v/v) pumped at a 1.0 ml/min flow rate on a phenyl (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column.
Results: Obeyed Beer-Lambert law over the 10-60 µg/ml and 25-150 µg/ml concentration range of ritonavir for the UV-spectrophotometric and HPLC methods, respectively. The absorbance at 273 nm was selected as the maximum absorbance throughout the UV-spectroscopic study. The detection and quantification limits for UV-spectroscopic are 0.89 and 2.93 µg/ml, whereas for the HPLC method are 0.78 and 2.57 µg/ml, respectively. In the accuracy and precision validation studies, the amount of recovery and percentage of RSD was excellent with acceptance limits as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Conclusion: The suggested method has been approved following standards established by the ICH. The developed methods can be employed to analyse ritonavir API and pharmaceutical dosage forms and provide better specificity, excellent separation, and specified analyte and degradation substances.
ARRHENIUS KINETICS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL TINCTURES
Authors: PLETENEVA TATIANA V. , GALKINA DARIA A. , FATKULINA OLGA A. , OGOTOEVA DAIAANA D. , LEVITSKAYA OLGA V. , USPENSKAYA ELENA V. , SYROESHKIN ANTON V.
Published: July 2023

Objective: To develop a method for identifying tinctures by assessing their biological activity at different temperatures based on Arrhenius kinetics.
Methods: The tinctures of anti-inflammatory and cardiotonic actions were chosen for the Spitotox-test. Chromatographic ethanol (HPLC grade, 99.8%, Fisher Scientific, UK) and deionized high-resistance water (18.2 MΩ cm, Milli-Q, Millipore) were used to prepare 70% water-alcohol extractant. The dispersity of the infusions and solvents was evaluated by LALLS (Malvern, UK) (micrometer range) and DLS (nanometer range) (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK) methods.
Results: The observed (obs) values of activation energy ( °bsEa) of ligand-receptor interactions of infusoria Spirostomum ambiguum and components of tinctures with regard to the extractant: water volume ratio was ranked in descending order of toxicity: motherwort (1:10; 87±13 kJ/mol)>calendula (1:7; 103±18 kJ/mol)>eucalyptus (1:7; 159±5 kJ/mol)>valerian (1:5; 135±6 kJ/mol)>hawthorn (1:4; 113±20 kJ/mol). The found values of activation energy were included in the previously created library for the construction of the correlation diagram « °bsEa-LD50», which allowed to assess the toxicity of tinctures in comparison with other pharmaceutical substances.
Conclusion: The method for assessing the biological activity of tinctures was developed by Arrhenius kinetics. The values of activation energy °bsEa of ligand-receptor interactions can be used for the identification of tinctures.
QBD APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPSAICIN-LOADED STEARIC ACID-GRAFTED CHITOSAN POLYMERIC MICELLES
Authors: KONDA MAYURI , SAMPATHI SUNITHA
Published: July 2023

Objective: Capsaicin (CAP) is a naturally occurring alkaloid forecasted in the treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH), but least studied due to its hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. Hence, the present study aimed to optimize the parameters for the synthesis of stearic acid grafted chitosan (CS-g-SA) copolymer and preparation of CAP-loaded CS-g-SA micelles.
Methods: Quality by design (QbD) approach in coordination with “Central composite designs (CCD) and Box–Behnken designs (BBD)” was used to optimize the process parameters.
Results: CS-g-SA was synthesized at 80 °C, 480 min, and 946 rpm, at these optimized conditions, the average particle size and practical yield were found to be 134.70 nm and 85.69%, respectively. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectra depicted a sharp signal at d=1.0 ppm endorsing to -CH2 group of SA and confirming the formation of CS-g-SA copolymer. Critical micellar concentration (CMC) and amino groups substitute degree (SD %) were found to be 30.3±1.51µg/ml and 21.3±0.58%, respectively. The distinguished peaks of CAP (0.9 and 1.31 ppm) in 1H NMR spectra disappeared, indicating drug loading in the micellar core. Micelles had an average particle size of 163.15 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 68.45%. The CAP-CS-g-SA was found to be biocompatible in accordance with the hemolysis test. The in vitro release pattern showed 86.78 % in 24 h, indicating the slower release of CAP from micelle, whereas 99.48% CAP was released from non-micellar formulations in 6 h.
Conclusion: CAP-CS-g-SA micelle is a promising approach to improve the bioavailability and controlled release of extremely hydrophobic CAP and further in vivo studies would be evident for the treatment of AH using CAP-CS-g-SA.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CREAM PREPARATION CONTAINING PHYTOSOME FROM AMLA FRUIT EXTRACT (PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA L.)
Authors: RIDWAN SUCILAWATY , HARTATI RIKA , PAMUDJI JESSIE SOFIA
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate the phytosome of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit extract.
Methods: The formation of phytosome was performed by using three methods, namely solvent evaporation, antisolvent, and thin layer formation method. The phytosome was evaluated for its entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The phytosome was made into cream with a concentration of 1%. The cream stability was evaluated at a room temperature of 40 °C for 28 d. The permeation of the total phenolic content of cream-containing phytosome and cream-containing extract without phytosome technology was evaluated by diffusion studies.
Results: The best method to prepare phytosome was an antisolvent method with the efficiency of entrapment, particle size, and polydispersity index equal to 66.99±0.01%, 298.53 nm±12.04, and 0.323±0.01 respectively. Evaluation by using TEM and FTIR spectroscopy also confirmed the formation of spherical phytosome. There were no significant changes in the cream's organoleptic, pH, and viscosity during storage at room temperature. The permeation test through skin snake and Spangler’s membrane showed that cream containing phytosome had a better diffusion percentage than cream containing extract without phytosome technology.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the antisolvent method was a potential method to develop phytosome of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit extract and cream containing phytosome was effective in increasing the permeation.
THE PROMISES OF THE POTENTIAL USES OF POLYMER BIOMATERIALS IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND THEIR CHALLENGES
Authors: ZORAH MOHAMMED , MUDHAFAR MUSTAFA , NASER HAYDER  A. , MUSTAPA IZAN ROSHAWATY
Published: July 2023

Biopolymers are a prominent class of functional materials ideal for high-value applications, and they fascinate researchers and experts from various fields. Polymers are flexible building blocks in many chemical combinations and blend to create composite materials with complementary qualities. The biomedical use of polymeric biomaterials was analyzed scientifically and technologically in this study, along with a compilation of their uses, manufacture, mechanical qualities, and key characteristics for the biomedical sector. The volume of scholarly publications and patents demonstrates the current knowledge of polymeric biomaterials. These biomaterials may now supplement, strengthen, or perform a particular role in the human body. Immune reactions persist due to the complexity of biological systems, impeding the growth of tissues and functioning organs in a laboratory setting.
ESTIMATION OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PERFORMANCE OF METRONIDAZOLE ORAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: MEDINA-LOPEZ JOSE RAUL , GOMEZ-VARGAS YONATAN JOCEL , MENDEZ-HERNANDEZ HEDWYN RODOLFO , REYES-RAMIREZ FELIPE DINO , RUIZ-SEGURA JUAN CARLOS , HURTADO MARCELA
Published: July 2023

Objective: To estimate plasma concentrations-time profiles of metronidazole commercial tablets through in vitro dissolution data using the Inverse Release Function approach and a convolution method.
Methods: Dissolution profiles of metronidazole reference tablets (500 mg) were obtained using USP Apparatus 1 at 100 rpm, USP Apparatus 4 at 16 ml/min, and 0.1 N HCl, pH 4.5 acetate buffer and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as dissolution media. Additionally, three generic drug products were tested using USP Apparatus 1 and pH 4.5 acetate buffer. Drug was quantified at 278 nm until 60 min. Dissolution parameters such as mean dissolution time, area under the cumulative dissolution curve, and dissolution efficiency were calculated. Metronidazole plasma levels were predicted considering the in vitro release data and published information. Percent of prediction error (PE) for Cmax and AUC0-inf at each condition was calculated.
Results: When comparing dissolution profiles with common dissolution parameters (USP 1 vs. 4) significant differences were found (*P<0.05). Values of PE for Cmax and AUC0-inf were within range (±15%) only with USP Apparatus 1 and pH 4.5 acetate buffer. Using these conditions when comparing generic drug products vs. reference formulation, significant differences were found (*P<0.05) and values of PE for AUC0-inf were out of the range.
Conclusion: The obtained information suggests using USP Apparatus 1 and pH 4.5 acetate buffer to predict the in vivo performance of metronidazole tablets. The impact of in vitro differences of all generic formulations was confirmed with differences in predicted in vivo performance.
INCREASING SOLUTION IN THE DRUG SIMVASTATIN WITH SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE USING POLYMER SOLUPLUS
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , RIYALDI MUHAMMAD RAIHAN , MITA SORAYA RATNAWULAN , HARIONO MEYWAN
Published: July 2023

Objective: Simvastatin is a bioactive compound belonging to the class II Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BSC), which has high permeability but low solubility. The low solubility of Simvastatin showed by low bioavailability so modification is required for its solubility.
Methods: There are many techniques to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug; one of them is solid dispersion prepared by the solvent evaporation method. This study aims to determine the solid dispersion formulation of simvastatin using soluplus as a polymer with a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 which is employed to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of simvastatin. Furthermore, characterization was carried out using IR spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).
Results: The maximum solubility test yielded a 1:4 solid dispersion, which is up to 20 times more potent than pure simvastatin. Simvastatin's solubility increased from 17.33% to 82.50% for a 1:4 solid dispersion at 60 min, affecting the dissolution rate as well.
Conclusion: A solid dispersion was formed in an amorphous state, as evidenced by the fact that the results of characterization using IR spectrophotometry showed no new functional groups were formed in the solid dispersion, the results of characterization using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed a decrease in melting point, and the results of x-ray diffraction characteristics did not show a sharp peak.
Learner’s Autonomy In Learning During Pandemic Covid-19 At University
Authors: Saputra Teguh Imam , Elmiati Elmiati , Asti Herfyna
Published: July 2023

Kemandirian Belajar sangat di perlukan bagi manusia sepanjang hidupnya. Namun mahasiswa belum memiliki kemandirian secara optimal dalam belajar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemandirian belajar mahasiswa Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat jurusan bahasa inggris pada saat pandemic. Sehingga mahasiswa dapat belajar di rumah dengan menggunakan kemandirian belajar. Pendekatan yang di gunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan menghitung jumlah pada kuesioner.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner atau angket kemudian menggunakan skala likert. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa juruan bahasa inggris tahun 2019-2021 dengan jumlah 10 orang.Bentuk kemandirian belajar mahasiswa yang di kembangkan di Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat di antaranya percaya diri,mampu bekerja sendiri,mampu mengambil keputusan,bertanggung jawab,hasrat bersaing maju,disiplin dan aktif dalam belajar.Bedasarkan hasil penelitian dapat di simpulkan bahwa kemandirian belajar siswa pada masa pandemic di universitas PGRI Sumatera barat berkembang dengan sangat baik dan sangat terstruktur sehingga kemandirian belajar sesuai dengan yang di harapkan.
Study of Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting
Authors: Giri Vedanti Arunkumar
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Water is the most prime resource on the earth which cannot be created like other resources. The population of India is increasing at such a rate that it is said that the India which replace China from its number one position of most populated country in the world. We need water in our day – to- day life for various activities. The increasing population may cause high consumption of most precious natural resource i.e., water which creates pressure on the augmentation of water resources. This increasing consumption of water for domestic, irrigation and industrial purpose may cause depletion of ground water resources. The depletion of ground water results in lowering of levels of underground water levels which creates the necessity of conserving groundwater resources. The main purpose of conservation of ground water is to use the water efficiently and to decrease the wastage of water. In order to conserve the water, to meet the problem of depletion of ground water resources and to fulfil the daily demand of water in urban areas it is necessary to invent alternative method of artificial recharge which proves to be effective in cost and is easier from technical point of view. Rooftop rain water harvesting is one of the alternative technique which can be used for collecting and storing the rain water on the surface or under the surface which can further be use at the time of scarcity. This paper discusses the rainwater harvesting method of artificial recharge of water.
The Impact of Climate Change on International Business Strategies
Authors: Kumar Yekkitela Vasanth , Srija Kuchi , Snehitha Lanka , Sunkara Leela Kamal
Published: July 2023

bstract: This research paper explores the impact of climate change on international business strategies. It examines the risks and challenges posed by climate change, including supply chain disruptions, resource scarcity, and regulatory pressures. The study investigates how businesses are integrating sustainability into their strategies, adopting innovative technologies, and capitalizing on climate-related opportunities. It also analyzes the role of international collaborations, policy frameworks, and stakeholder engagement in shaping business strategies. Using a multidisciplinary approach, including case studies and data analysis, the research provides insights for policymakers and business leaders to formulate effective strategies in response to climate change. This study highlights the importance of addressing climate change impacts on international business for a sustainable and resilient future.
A Study on High School Students' Perception of Self-Growth Experience through Counseling Psychology Class: use of Q methodology
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Mi Eun , Lee Sang Hee
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the types and characteristics of high school students' self-growth experiences through counseling psychology subject classes.
Methods This study utilized the Q methodology. A Q sample of 33 questions was determined through literature, open-ended questionnaires, and 1:1 in-depth interviews, and 30 high school sophomores who experienced counseling psychology subject classes were selected as P samples through objective sampling. After classifying the Q sample in the forced distribution method within the 9-point scale distribution, it was analyzed using the QUANL-PC program.
Results As a result of the analysis, the perception of self-growth experience was found to be three types. Type 1 is the ‘Insight growth type’, which shows the characteristics of gaining insight into oneself and understanding others deeply through various activities in class. Type 2 is the ‘Self-esteem growth type’, which shows the characteristics of evaluating and respecting oneself as a person of value, such as not caring about others anymore and expressing one’s opinion appropriately. Type 3 is the ‘Initiative growth type’, showing active participation in each class and concentrating on the class, showing the characteristics of being satisfied with the process-oriented evaluation.
Conclusions In line with the pursuit of individuality and diversity in the 2022 revised curriculum, counseling psychology is secured as a high school credit system subject, so students can choose subjects that they cannot learn at school, and an empirical curriculum for experts with professional careers to understand counseling psychology. can satisfy students' desire for self-growth.
A Case Study of Writing Lectures Based on Flip Learning: Focusing on Writing Lectures at Daejeon University
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, KIM Do-Hee
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study aims to examine how to efficiently operate flipped learning-based writing to enhance learners' self-directed writing capabilities at a time when learner-centered university education innovation is needed.
Methods To this end, the operation method of the writing lecture at Daejeon University, which is being conducted through flip learning, was reviewed, and the case of the writing lecture from the 2022-1 semester to the 2022-2 semester was analyzed. In addition, the results of pre- and post-survey surveys and lecture evaluation for students who took the lecture were reflected, and the instructor's self-analysis was used as a major indicator of the subject's performance and lecture improvement plan.
Results Lectures based on flipped learning can be settled as a model of learner-centered college writing education by contributing to students' self-directed writing. The results of flipped learning-based writing lectures can motivate helpless learners to learn and interest in writing, thereby fostering self-directed writing skills, which are the original goal of writing, and further contributing to fostering talented people with creative problem-solving skills required by future society. In addition, it is necessary to efficiently operate flipped learning-based writing lectures and improve the quality.
Conclusions Flip learning-based writing lectures focus on learners' active and self-directed writing. In order to fully return the choice and initiative of writing learning to learners, close design and coaching are needed to enable a natural connection to “main learning” through an efficient inspection of “pre-learning.”
IPA Analysis of Multicultural Education Attitudes of Kindergarten and Daycare Center Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Hyun Ju , Kim Bo Hyun
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate early childhood teachers' perceptions of the importance and practice of multicultural education attitudes and to find ways to improve them.
Methods The subjects of this study were 399 teachers working in kindergartens and daycare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi. For the collected data, a paired-sample t-test was conducted to verify the difference in the importance and implementation of attitudes toward multicultural education according to the type of early childhood education institution, and an IPA analysis was conducted to confirm future improvements.
Results As a result of the IPA analysis according to the type of early childhood education institution, it was found that ‘reestablishing the teacher role to meet the needs and demands of young children with various backgrounds’ is an item that kindergarten teachers should invest intensively in the multicultural teacher role area. On the other hand, in the case of daycare center teachers, ‘changing teaching methods to suit the needs of young children with diverse cultural backgrounds’ in the multicultural teacher role area and ‘making children feel proud of their own culture’ in the multicultural curriculum area are the main investment items.
Conclusions These results suggest that efforts by early childhood education institutions and the government are required to form teachers' multicultural education attitudes that reflect the needs and demands of children from multicultural families.
Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers' Inclusive Education Beliefs and Perceptions of Disability Awareness Education
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Mia , Shin Sukyung
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the variables that affect pre-service early childhood teachers' inclusive education beliefs and perceptions of disability awareness education, and to investigate the relationship between inclusive education beliefs and disability awareness education.
Methods An online survey was conducted on pre-service early childhood teachers in the Gwangju and Jeonnam regions on their beliefs in inclusive education and perceptions of disability awareness education. Basic statistics, t-test according to background variables, and correlation analysis were conducted on the final 179 pre-service early childhood teachers' beliefs on inclusive education and perceptions on disability awareness education.
Results First, pre-service early childhood teachers' overall inclusive education belief, inclusive expertise, inclusive cooperation, inclusive effect, and inclusive perception were found to be positive, but the inclusive will was relatively weak. There was a difference in the inclusive education belief depending on whether or not the introductory special education course was taken. It was found that the pre-service early childhood teachers' grades and their experience of interaction with children with disabilities did not have a significant effect on their inclusive education beliefs. Second, pre-service early childhood teachers perceived the need for disability awareness education as high, but their interest and confidence in disability awareness education were relatively low. Compared to the lower grades, the upper grades had higher confidence in disability awareness education, and the students who had the experience of taking introductory special education courses had a higher level of understanding of disability awareness education. Third, there was a significant correlation between the inclusive education belief, need for, understanding of, and confidence in disability awareness education. There was a correlation between interest, need, and understanding of disability awareness education, but there was no significant correlation between need and confidence in disability awareness education.
Conclusions It is necessary to further strengthen education on inclusive education and disability awareness education in the early childhood teacher training course. On the other hand, it is necessary to further strengthen the curriculum that can increase understanding of disability awareness education and increase confidence in implementation.
Comparison and analysis of structural relationships among test stress, mental health, school adjustment, and school satisfaction of general and specialized high school students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Chang Gil , Choi Dong Kyu
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study aimed to compare and analyze the structural relationships among test stress, mental health, school adaptation, and school satisfaction of students from general high schools and specialized high schools, and to find ways to improve policies.
Methods To this end, the Busan Education Longitudinal Study (BELS) data (6th year, 2021) was used for analysis, and test stress as an independent variable and mental health, school adaptation, and school satisfaction were selected as dependent variables. As for the characteristics of each variable, test stress and mental health are negative factors (-), and school adaptation and school satisfaction are classified as positive factors (+).
Results The main research findings are as follows. First, the correlation between the variables examined in this study shows a negative correlation that the lower the mental health level, the higher the school adjustment and school satisfaction. On the other hand, school adaptation and school satisfaction have a very close relationship and show a high correlation. Second, in the causal effect analysis of the  established for this study, the coefficients of general and specialized high schools were found to be similar approximate values. First, the effect of test stress on mental health was higher in general high schools than in specialized high schools, which was a negative effect. The effect of test stress on school adjustment was higher in general high schools than in specialized high schools, but the direct effect was static, and indirect negative effects through mental health appeared to cancel each other out, and the total effect was slightly higher in specialized high schools. The effect of mental health on school adjustment was higher in general high schools than in specialized high schools, and a direct, static effect was found. The effect of school adaptation on school satisfaction was higher in specialized high schools than in general high schools, with the largest direct effect among the pathways set in the research model.
Conclusions Therefore, increasing school satisfaction is to adapt well to school, which reduces test stress and improves mental health.
Does Academic Achievement in Middle School Influence Career Maturity in High School? A Comparison based on School Types
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh Min Ah , Na Seung-Joo
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study analyzed how academic achievement in second year of middle school had an effect on career maturity in first year of high school mediated by self-efficacy and academic internal motivation for learning in third year of middle school according to the type of school, innovative schools and general schools.
Methods Data from the 5th (2016)-7th (2018) years among the panel data of the 4th graders of the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study were used and a mediation model analysis was performed. SPSS MACRO mediation model analysis was performed by inputting academic achievement variables in the 5th year, self-efficacy in the 6th year, internal motivation variables for learning, and career maturity variables in the 7th year. Gender, household income, family type, parental attachment, and educational aspirations were input as control variables.
Results The main analysis results are as follows. First, academic achievement had positive effect on career self-understanding mediated by internal motivation in innovative school and self-efficacy in general school. Second, academic achievement had a positive effect on career planning mediated by internal motivation and self-efficacy in both innovative and general school. The mediating effect of internal motivation was larger in innovative schools than in general schools.
Conclusions Based on this, the educational effectiveness of innovative schools was discussed. In particular, the fact that the learning experience at an innovative school leads to career maturity through the intrinsic motivation of learning showed us that the innovative school policy can be a new educational alternative in an educational climate that values only academic achievement.
Forecasting Demand of Kindergarten and Childcare Center Teachers in 2023-2028
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park jinah
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purposes of this study was to forecast demand of kindergarten and childcare center teachers for 5 years from 2023 to 2028.
Methods Based on data from kindergarten and childcare center last 3 years, estimating the number of children in 2023-2028 and the rate of enrolled kindergarten and childcare center was predicted by the three term moving average method. The number of enrolled kindergarten and childcare center was calculated by multiplying the number of children and the rate of enrolled kindergarten and childcare center. Demand for kindergarten childcare center teachers was predicted based on two scenarios: Class organization standards in kindergarten and child teacher ratio regulation and child teacher ratio based on 17 cities and provinces as of 2022.
Results Demand for kindergarten and childcare center teacher was forecast to decline both scenarios. Acoording to scenario, kindergarten teachers were predicted to decrease by 6,462 and childcare center teacher were expected decrease by 6,503 during the forecast period. However, while the demand for kindergarten teachers continued to decrease during the forecast period, the demand for childcare center teachers bottomed out in 2026 and increased thereafter. Demand for teachers according to Scenario 2 also decreased during the forecast period. Compared to Scenario 1, which applied class organization standards and child teacher ratio regulation, the total teacher demand by applying the child teacher ratio based on the 2022 standard is more than 10,000 kindergarten teachers, more than 30,000 childcare center teachers will be needed.
Conclusions These results implicated that the supply and demand policy of kindergarten and childcare center teacher, projecting required finances and distribution would be established for integrating early childhood education and childcare.
A phenomenological study on group member experiences in non-face-to-face structured group counseling
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Jung-Suk , Kwon Kyoung-In
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of group members who participated in non-face-to-face structured group counseling, to derive improvement points, and to provide basic data for future non-face-to-face group counseling.
Methods Giorgi's phenomenological research method was applied as a research method. Participants in the study recruited 10 people born before 1973 as group members who experienced non-face-to-face structured group counseling and conducted 1:1 in-depth interviews from October to November 2022. The interview time was at least 69 minutes and up to 105 minutes, and it took an average of 79 minutes.
Results As a result of the analysis, 4 themes, 11 sub-themes, 47 central meanings, and 198 semantic units were derived. Expectations for non-face-to-face structured group counseling appeared as vague concerns, curiosity, and expectations for reduced burden. The individualization of group activities appeared as the effect of activity tools on motivation and behavior, the strengthening of group member identity, and the weakening of group management and control by leaders. Group member relationships that are prone to weakening appear as changes in the transference pattern, decrease in subgroups, and emotional distance from spatial separation. It turned out that it was taken as an opportunity for challenge, growth, and personal growth that was reduced as much as a light burden.
Conclusions In non-face-to-face structured group counseling, the experience of group members was confirmed and improvement plans were suggested.
The effects of negative parental attitudes on friend relationships in adolescence: The parallel dual mediation effects of academic engagement and cooperation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Im Dahye , Kim Choonkyung
Published: July 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the parallel dual mediation effect of academic engagement and cooperation on the correlation between negative parental attitudes and adolescents' friend relationships.
Methods This study used 4th wave data (7th graders) of the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018). The parallel dual mediation effect analysis were performed through Model no. 4 of SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro 4.2.
Results First, adolescents’ academic engagement, cooperation and friend relationships showed negative correlations with negative parental attitudes. However, adolescents’ academic engagement, cooperation, and friend relationships showed a positive correlation with each other. Second, The effect of negative parental attitudes on adolescents' friend relationships was verified to have a significant mediation effect on academic engagement and cooperation, respectively. On the other hand, in the size of the indirect effect between the mediation variables, cooperation was higher than academic engagement. This means that the negative parental attitudes not only directly affect adolescents’ friend relationship, but also indirectly affect adolescents’ friend relationship through academic engagement. In particular, cooperation has a key impact in the process of leading to adolescents’ friend relationship.
Conclusions This study presented the basis that academic engagement and cooperation have an important influence on the impact of negative parental attitude on adolescents' friend relationships. It provides basic data for parent education and youth counseling programs that help teenagers promote their friend relationship.
A Meta-Analysis of Youth Digital addiction Prevention Programs
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hong Sehee , Jo Kihyun , Jang Yoona
Published: July 2023

Objectives In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the results of previous studies analyzing the effects of digital addiction prevention programs for youth.
Methods The scope of digital addiction was expanded to include content (smartphone itself, Internet, games, and SNS) addiction using smartphones that are most easily accessible to youth, and 144 papers were selected for meta-analysis research. In the analysis process, the effect size was calculated, and the effects of publication bias and control variables were explored.
Results As a result of the study, the average effect size of the digital addiction prevention program was 1.219, which can be interpreted as a great effect. The effect size of each addiction type was 1.191 for smartphone addiction prevention programs, 1.253 for Internet addiction prevention programs, 1.048 for game addiction prevention programs, and 0.927 for SNS addiction prevention programs. In the analysis according to the characteristics of the study, there was a difference in the effect size according to sample size, program execution session, and sample characteristics (risk group/general group).
Conclusions This study expanded the scope of research included in meta-analysis and conducted meta-analysis by addiction type. The importance and significance of the study are that the effects of programs by addiction type were confirmed in detail by distinguishing the common effects and differences of control variables.
A Study on the Korean complaint speech act and Education model For Female Marriage Immigrants
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park hyunkyung , Park deokyu
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study has examined complaint speech acts in order to explore efficient communication education targeting female marriage immigrants. Speech acts closely related to culture, if not sufficiently understood in terms of socio-cultural background, can have a negative impact on human relationships, and inappropriate speech acts can damage the face of the interlocutor. Therefore, educating individuals on speech acts is crucial. In particular, we have focused on complaint speech acts that are prone to threatening the addressee's face. Accordingly, the study establishes a classification system for complaint speech acts aimed at female marriage immigrants and analyzes the usage patterns, frequency, and characteristics of complaint speech acts used by Korean native speakers and female marriage immigrants in documentaries. The ultimate goal is to explore appropriate educational models for female marriage immigrants.
Methods The 30 episodes of the EBS documentary series “Multicultural Conflict” that prominently featured complaint speech acts were selected as the subject of analysis, and the dialogue was transcribed for subtitles. The transcribed content was then reviewed and classified according to the criteria of speech act analysis. Complaint speech acts were further categorized into direct complaints and indirect complaints, and analyzed in terms of complaint strategies, social status, and complaint intensity, examining the respective patterns of usage and providing examples.
Results Based on the analysis dividing complaint speech acts into direct complaints and indirect complaints, the following results were obtained: Firstly, indirect complaints were used more frequently than direct complaints in a ratio of 7:3. Secondly, Korean native speakers predominantly employed the “commanding” strategy, while female marriage immigrants mainly utilized the “describing the situation” strategy. Thirdly, when the complaint intensity was moderate, both direct and indirect complaints were used, and it was observed that the usage of direct and indirect complaints varied depending on the situation, exhibiting distinct characteristics in expression.
Conclusions Based on the analysis results, we presented educational content for female marriage immigrants at the beginner and intermediate levels, taking into account the frequency of use and learning level of complaint speech acts. This study is significant in that it provides a basis for practical educational measures by reconstructing strategies for complaint speech acts for female marriage immigrants and suggesting appropriate educational model.
A case study on class design and operation of self-exploration teacher education using problem-based learning(PBL)
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jang Sang Ji
Published: July 2023

Objectives The aim of this study is to present examples of problem-based learning(PBL) classes that have been designed and run, and to investigate the effects of class operation based on student feedback and evaluation findings.
Methods Self-exploration writing instruction utilizing PBL was used in the first semester of 2023 at D University in Seoul for 5 of the 15 weeks of the required general elective writing classes. 30 students who are enrolled in the researcher's writing class serve as the study's subjects. The outcomes of group activity sheets, group task performance plans, individual reports, conversations, reflection diaries, self-assessment, peer evaluation, and instructor evaluation were statistically and qualitatively assessed in order to corroborate the results of class operation.
Results The research confirmed, first, that students' self-esteem increased in the final writing product as a result of reinforcing voluntary learning motivation so that learners can solve problems in real life through critical interpretation and reflective reflection. Second, it was demonstrated that by actively resolving real-world issues, students can improve their self-efficacy. Third, it was established that talking and sharing about the decisions and outcomes of other students can help them develop a variety of worldviews and perspectives as well as effective sympathetic communication abilities.
Conclusions The case for expanding the subject from first grade to all grades for the development of a comparative writing program, as well as self-exploratory writing education using problem-based learning(PBL), which was only dealt with at the level of general elective subjects, were made in order to develop the discussion of this study. It is meant to be applied to fundamental research.
Perubahan Pigmen Klorofil dan Karotenoid serta Warna Bubuk Teh Hijau dari Berbagai Klon pada Kondisi Penyimpanan Berbeda
Authors: Prawira-Atmaja M Iqbal , Itsna Ade Mauliyah  , Fathynaturrozanah  , Yehezkiel Kenzi Putra  , Harianto Sugeng , Shabri  , Maulana Hilman
Published: July 2023

Klorofil merupakan pigmen warna yang berperan terhadap kualitas bubuk teh hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan pigmen klorofil dan karotenoid serta perubahan warna bubuk teh hijau dari klon GMB 3, GMB 9 dan GMBS 4 selama penyimpanan. Bubuk teh hijau dikemas pada standing pouch dengan lapisan dalam full alumunium foil. Bubuk teh hijau yang telah dikemas kemudian disimpan pada ruangan berbeda dengan kondisi: (a) bubuk teh hijau yang langsung dianalisis setelah proses pembuatan (Kontrol); (b) refrigerator dengan RH 40±1% dan suhu 9±1℃ KGTP); dan (c) ruangan dengan RH ≤60% dan suhu 20±3℃ (RGTP). Pigmen klorofil dan karotenoid serta perubahan warna dianalisis menggunakan color reader dan menggunakan two ways ANOVA serta uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warna pigmen klorofil dan karotenoid bubuk teh hijau dipengaruhi oleh jenis klon. Selama penyimpanan, terjadi penurunan pigmen warna klorofil dan karotenoid yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh aktivitas enzim klorofilase dan pengaruh kelembapan dan suhu. Penyimpanan suhu rendah berperan signifikan dalam menjaga stabilitas pigmen klorofil dan warna hijau. Hasil menunjukkan klon GMBS 4 lebih mudah mengalami perubahan warna dan GMB 3 merupakan jenis klon dengan kestabilan klorofil dan warna terbaik selama penyimpanan. Klorofil merupakan pigmen warna yang berperan dalam kualitas bubuk teh hijau.