bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor as Predictive Marker of Osteoporosis in T2DM Patients
Authors: Mahmood Hajer , Abass Eiman AA.
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are two common medical disorders that are becoming more common as the population ages. T2DM patients have a higher fracture hazard, having a high BMD, which is primarily due to the raise hazard of falling. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is one of the hematopoietic growth factor family, and It plays an important function in fracture repair by attracting stem cells to the fracture site and influencing the production of hard calluses by promoting osteoclast genesis. Aims of study: The purpose of this research was to assess the blood level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Iraqi osteoporotic patients with and without type 2 diabetes. in addition, that M-CSF may be a predictive marker for osteoporosis in T2DM patients Subjects & Methods: This study was conducted between October 2021 to March 2022 in Medical City of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The current study included 92 individuals (females and males) aged 40-65 years’ old, 67 of them are patients and 25 as a control. The lumber spine's bone mineral density was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan to diagnose these patients. Patients divided into (20) person as T2DM patients, (27) person as osteoporosis patients, and (20) as osteoporosis patients with T2DM Results: The current study showed an important increase in serum M-CSF of osteoporosis patients with and without T2DM groups when compared with control, also, there was no significance increase in M-CSF level in T2DM patients comparing with control. Also, there was an important negative relation between M-CSF and bone mineral density (BMD) In osteoporosis patients, there was a substantial positive connection between M-CSF, FBS, and HbA1C. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) levels was significantly elevated in osteoporosis patients with and without T2DM, Therefore, this parameter may be a diagnostic marker for osteoporotic patients. In addition, that diabetic patients may be prone to osteoporosis, and M-CSF may be a predictive biochemical marker for development of osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Keywords: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Osteoporosis, bone mineral density, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Adherence to Cardiovascular Therapy Medications and Factors Associated with Non-Adherence among Cardiac Patients’ Who Attending Outpatient Clinic at Al Nasiriyah Heart Center
Authors: Khasal Qasim Ali
Published: August 2022

Background: non-adherence to medication among patients with cardiovascular disease is often the major factor that causing poor clinical outcomes ,high mortality rates and consequently higher healthcare costs. The literature evaluating the prevalence of and reasons for non-adherence in settings with poor resource is extremely limited compared with resource-rich settings. There is a lack of data about adherence to cardiovascular therapy medications in Iraq hence this study was conducted to identify prevalence, predictors as well as barriers of non-adherence to medication among cardiovascular disease patients’ in An Nasiriyah city. Methods :a descriptive, cross-sectional study design was carried out at An Nasiriyah Heart Center in Al- Nasiriyah city for period from January 8, 2021 to July 5, 2021. A purposive (non- probability) sample of 195 patients with cardiovascular disease were included. Constructed questionnaire and the process of the self-administrative report were used to collect data. The questionnaire involves of 3 parts: part 1includes Patients socio-demographic and Clinical information . Part 2: involve of patient responses to the adherence with medication regimen . Part 3: involve of factors associated with non-adherence to Medication. Panel of experts determined content validity of the instrument, as well as the internal consistency of the instrument was determined through the pilot study and the calculation of Alpha Correlation Coefficient (0.83). Adherence to Cardiovascular therapy medications is assess through use the Medication Compliance Questionnaire . Factors influencing non-adherence to cardiovascular therapy medications , were determined through application of adjusted basis and multiple logistic regression models. Results: study result showed that the prevalent for non-adherence to cardiovascular drug was (54.4%) . The top four barriers for poor cardiovascular therapy medications adherence among the study participants were the forgetfulness of take dose for medications 59(44.4%), financial strain34 (25.6%) , multiple medication15 (11.3%) and 15 (11.3%) Too busy. In multivariable analysis, participants who were age group > 60 years and number of medication uses were more likely to be non-adherent to their cardiovascular medications . Conclusions: the current study concluded that the adherence to cardiovascular medications is poor where more than half of study participants being nonadherent. Keywords: cardiovascular therapy, Medication adherence, cardiovascular disease patients’ , An Nasiriyah Heart Center.
Disorders of Thyroid Hormones and Lipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Baghdad City
Authors: Kaduim Athraa Fouad
Published: August 2022

The aim of the current study was to evaluate thyroid hormone levels and the lipid profile among patients with type-2 diabetes. Venous blood samples were taken from (75) individuals, (50) patients (20 males and 30 females) and (25) healthy individuals as a control group for comparison of results. Serum thyroid hormones and serum lipid profile were estimated for the study groups. The results revealed that S. triglyceride, S. VLDL, S. LDL, S. cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were significantly elevated (208,83±26.67) mg/dl, (116,19±23,85) mg/dl, (34,79±6,69) mg/dl, (159,22±32,29) mg/dl and (165±14,98) respectively when compared with their levels in the controls, while there was a decrease in serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels among patients with type-2 diabetes compared to the controls. A significant decrease was also shown in thyroid hormone levels (T3 & T4) in sera of patients with type-2 diabetes in comparison with their levels in the controls, whereas significant increase was detected in serum TSH hormone levels among type-2 diabetics in comparison with its level in the healthy control group. The study also revealed that (54%) of diabetic patients were affected by thyroid hormone diseases, while (46%) of them were not affected with thyroid disorders. Out of those (54%) type 2 diabetic patients (36%) were females, while (18%) were males. In conclusion, our study showed that there was an obvious effect of thyroid hormone and lipid profile levels on patients with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Triglyceride, Thyroid hormones, High density lipoproteins.
Relationship Between the Surgical Difficulty of Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Under Local Anesthesia and the Postoperative Level of Salivary Alpha Amylase
Authors: Jumaah Falah Hasan , Adili Sahar Shakir Al-
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the relationship between the surgical difficulty of lower third molar removal using time and technique, and the postoperative salivary amylase concentration. Methods: patients submitted for surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom teeth for any indication were included in this prospective cohort study. Three samples of saliva were taken from each patient (preoperative, 48 hours postoperative, and 7 days postoperatively) and the concentration of salivary amylase is measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. The surgical difficulty was assessed using time of operation and the technique for extraction and correlated with the postoperative level of salivary amylase to test if there is any relationship between them, and correlated with other variables including Age, gender, and classification of the impacted lower wisdom tooth (Winter’s and Pell and Gregory’s). Results: 34 patients participated in this study. 15 [44.12%] males and 19 [55.88%] females; 36 impacted teeth were removed (19 in right side [53%], and 17 in the left side [53%] ). The mean ± SD of preoperative, 48 hours and 7 days postoperative salivary amylase concentration were 126.2 ± 31.97, 131.8 ± 48.99, and 127.0 ± 32.09 respectively. 17 impacted teeth were mesioangular, 11 were vertical and 8 were horizontal according to Winter. The surgical difficulty according to time was low in 7, moderate in 14, and high in 15 cases. While difficulty according to technique was low in 5, moderate in 11, and high in 20 cases. The correlation of amylase concentration with the surgical difficulty was (r = 0.23, P= 0.176). Conclusions: there was non-significant correlation between the surgical difficulty (measured by time and technique) and the change in salivary amylase concentration.
Irisin Level in Salah Adin’s Insulin Resistance Syndrome Patients in View of Global Controversy
Authors: Salih Sedeem Zeki , Zbaar Sami A , Zakari Mohamed Ghalib
Published: August 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity) is now an international health problem that impacts about 20 per cent to 25 per cent of the total population and can be worsened in the developing world, particularly in the Middle East, which is roughly two out of every five Iraqis. The metabolic syndrome has a direct link to many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, early onset of some cancers, such as colorectal cancer, Chronic liver illnesses, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and others. Methodology: A case-control study on a total of ninety volunteers (46 males and 44 females), comprising sixty metabolic syndrome patients (25 males and 35 females), defined in terms of international diabetic federation criteria, and thirty controls, is to be conducted at Salah Alden general hospital. Adults men and women aged (24-to 65) years who attended Salah Alden's main hospital outpatient clinics in Tikrit\Iraq, from October 2021 to March 2022 were included in the research. The levels (Irisin, and Insulin) in all research groups and controls are evaluated using an Enzyme-Linked Immune-sorbent Assay. Results: Irisin level was significantly higher among controls with a mean of (6.84ng/ml), compared to metabolic syndrome patient mean (5.71 ng/ml), and significantly negatively correlated to triglycerides level, and non-significantly negatively correlated with (systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, and waist circumference) and non-significantly positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein level. Irisin levels were significantly different among treatment-based groups with the highest mean level among the treatment-free group (6.8450ng/ml±1.96052), followed by the antihypertensives taking group (5.3340ng/ml±2.99273), and the lowest mean level was recorded among diabetics (4.8916ng/ml±2.81952). Conclusion: With the exception of HDL, a high level of Asprosin and a low level of Irisin are strongly linked to metabolic syndrome and its components. Irisin levels differ amongst metabolic syndrome patients with various therapy groups. Keywords: Irisin, metabolic syndrome, Insulin Resistance.
Bimodal distribution of thyroid dysfunction triggered by COVID-19 Infection: An experience from a single endocrine center—a case series and literature review
Authors: Elhadd Tarik , Gul Wajiha , Dabbous Zeinab , Beer Stephen , Bashir Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 infection has been spreading across the globe since the end of 2019, and it continues to cause chronic multi-system sequelae, of which thyroid dysfunction appears to be the major one. We have discussed here 10 cases of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 infection.

Methods: Case series report. From October 2020 to July 2021, a series of 10 cases of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 infection were recorded and managed in a single outpatient endocrine center in Doha, Qatar.

Cases presentation: We have reported 5 cases of Graves's hyperthyroidism, 2 of chronic primary hypothyroidism (including one with Grave's disease [GD]) who was treated through radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, one case of subacute thyroiditis, one case with “Sick euthyroid disease,” and one case of central hypothyroidism. Presently, patients with GD are being treated with carbimazole and those with hypothyroidism are being treated with levothyroxine. The remaining patients had recovered with euthyroid.

Conclusion: This is the largest case series reported from a single center to date. The findings of this series indicate a bimodal distribution of thyroid dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. A review of the literature and discussion of potential pathophysiological mechanisms has been presented. We have emphasized the importance of screening for thyroid dysfunction in “post-COVID-19” cases, considering that the prevalence may be underestimated.
Tünel Geometrisinin Deformasyonlar Üzerindeki Etkisinin Sığ ve Tabakalı Kaya Ortamında İncelenmesi
Authors: ADLIM Kübra Nur , BOZATLI Sinem , ABUT Yavuz
Published: August 2022

Tünel içindeki deformasyonlar, üst yapıdan gelen sürşarj yükü, aşırı yükleme, kayaç veya zemin biriminde oluşan içsel gerilmeler ile diğer faktörlerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar. Tünel içi deformasyon ölçümü, tüneldeki plastik şekil değiştirmenin büyüklüğünü belirleyebilmek için önemlidir ve tünel güvenliğinin izlenmesinde önemli bir safhayı oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, dört tabakalı bir kaya formasyonunda ve yeraltı suyu etkisinde bulunan, at nalı veya yumurta şeklinde tasarlanan, NATM (Yeni Avusturya Tünel Açma Metodu) tekniği ile kademeli olarak açılacak olan tünellerin üç boyutlu ve doğrusal olmayan davranışları sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Kazı adımlarına göre farklı yükleme koşullarına maruz kalan taç ve tünel çevresinde meydana gelen kalıcı deformasyonlar ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca her iki tünel geometrisinde, bütün kazı aşamalarında tünelin kritik kesitleri boyunca oluşacak olan kalıcı şekil değiştirmeler, deformasyon eğrileri sayesinde göreli olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Sığ ve tabakalı kaya ortamında tasman ve konverjans miktarının azaltılmasında, tünel geometrisinin at nalı tipi yerine yumurta şeklinde seçilmesinin daha avantajlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Nümerik İntegrasyon Metodu ile Singüler Pertürbe Problemlerin Yaklaşık Çözümü
Authors: ARSLAN Derya
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, singüler pertürbe Volterra integro-diferansiyel denklemlerin yaklaşık çözümü için nümerik integrasyon yöntemi uygulanır. İlk olarak düzgün bir şebeke üzerinde sonlu fark metodu ile başlanır daha sonra integraller için trapez metodu kullanılır. Buradan elde edilen denklem sistemi Thomas algoritması ile çözülür. Önerilen yöntemin doğruluğunu ve ekonomikliğini ortaya koyan bir örnek sunulur.
Lie Grup Etkisi Altında Yörüngelerin Özellikleri
Authors: KARAKAŞ Bülent , TUĞRUL Fatih
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, Lie grubunun manifold yapısının geometrik formu ile Lie dönüşüm grubu olarak diferensiyellenebilir bir manifoldun noktalarına etki ettirildiğinde, Lie grubunun geometrik yapısı ile Lie dönüşüm grubu etkisi altındaki noktaların yörüngelerinin geometrik yapıları arasındaki ilişkiler incelendi. Matlab uygulamaları yapıldı.
Troposferik Nitrojen Dioksitin (NO2) COVID-19 Pandemisinde Mekânsal ve Zamansal Analizi: Adana-Mersin Bölgesi
Authors: ÜNAL ÇİLEK Müge
Published: August 2022

Şehirlerin sürdürülebilirliği ve halk sağlığı için hayati sorunlardan birisi olan hava kirliliği COVID-19 pandemisi ile insan/endüstriyel faaliyetlerindeki değişimin gözlemlenebilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada Adana-Mersin kentlerinde COVID-19 dönemini kapsayan yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntüleri aracılığı ile yerel hava kalitesi/hava kirliliğinin yersel/zamansal ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ocak 2019’dan Ocak 2022'ye kadar olan hava kalitesinde etkili olan troposferik nitrojen dioksit (NO2) konsantrasyonuna ilişkin 4 x 7 km yersel çözünürlükteki veriler Sentinel-5P uydusundan elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda endüstriyel ve ticari birimlerin en yüksek NO2 konsantrasyonuna sahip olduğu görülürken, sürekli şehir yapısı,karayolları ve ilgili alanlarda konsantrasyon değerlerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca şehir yapılarına ait sınıflarda NO2 konsantrasyonu 2020 yılında en düşük değerlere sahip iken, 2021 yılında süreksiz şehir yapısı ve karayolları sınıfları en yüksek konsantrasyona sahiptir. Bu çalışma Sentinel-5P TROPOMI verilerinin yerel alanlarda hava kalitesi ve hava kirliliğinin izlenmesinde kullanılma kapasitesini göstermiştir. Sonuçlar NO2 kirliliğinin izlenmesi ve düzenlenmesinde karar vericilerin çevresel kalite ve nüfus sağlık durumunun iyileştirilmesinde çözüm geliştirmeleri için gereklidir.
Gospel, Disease, and Theistic Evolution
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: August 2022

Through the cross, Christ established the kingdom of God, which set in motion a process that will bring about not only the restoration of God’s people but the renovation of the entire cosmos. A key part of this restoration is the reversal of death and disease, mourning and pain, of which Jesus’ healings and revivifications in the Gospels are a confirmation and foretaste. If Jesus died to bear every illness and disease of those who place their faith in him, then all human disease must come as a result of the fall. Thus, sickness and disease are, from the Bible’s perspective, related to the fall. If, however, sickness and disease were already a part of the human experience prior to the fall, then the Gospel is compromised.
Workshop Pembuatan Video Animasi sebagai Media Penyuluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat di Masa New Normal
Authors: Arifin Nur Fadhilah , Anas Risnayanti , Rahmah Nur
Published: August 2022

The emergence of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 caused changes in various sectors, including the world of health. The Covid-19 pandemic or Corona virus disease has changed the world order. In order to prevent the further spread of the corona virus, adjustments have been made in various work sectors. Everything that requires face-to-face services is turned into online services. Health instructors in the new normal are required to be able to innovate in accordance with the 4.0 industrial revolution in digital health promotion. One form of media that is often used is video media. Video media relies on the sense of sight and the sense of hearing to visualize certain information so that efforts to convey this information are more effective and with this video media can be used as a tool to deliver health education to the general public. This animated video was chosen because this animated video is considered more interesting and easily understood by the public. For this reason, it is very necessary for health workers and cadres to be given training on how to make animated videos as a media for counseling in the new normal period.
comparitive study of 0.1% ropivacaine with fentanyl versus 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl in epidural labour analgesia
Authors: Manjula Pathri , Prathima Prathima , Rajani Pilli
Published: August 2022

Background: Analgesic adequacy during labor along with the avoidance of adverse effects is vital for obstetric conditions. Painful labor can have negative impacts on maternal and fetal physiology. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of ropivacaine with fentanyl and bupivacaine with fentanyl in epidural labour analgesia. Methodology: Seventy ASA I&II parturients with singleton pregnancies who presented in active labour with cervical dilatation of 3-5cm were studied in a prospective, randomized control manner. Patients were randomized into Group A (ropivacaine)-35 patients and Group B (bupivacaine) - 35 patients. Epidural analgesia was performed and various parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pain score) and complications if any were recorded every 15 minutes in the 1st hour, every 30 minutes in the 2nd hour and every hour later on. Results: The fluctuations in pain were not clinically or statistically significant between the two study groups. The number of patients who required bolus were 7(20%) in both the groups. The spontaneous deliveries were more, 62.9% in Group-A as compared to 54.3% in Group-B. The instrumental delivery rates were less, 25.7% in Group-A as compared to 37.1% in Group-B.
Comparison of load deflection characteristics of laser-treated CuNiTi archwire with other aligning orthodontic wires
Authors: Mohan Reshma , Jain Ravindra Kumar
Published: August 2022

Aim: To compare the load deflection characteristics of laser treated SmartArch wires with other orthodontic wires. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study 10 samples of 3 different orthodontic wires were included. The wire samples were divided into three groups - GroupA: NiTi wire, group B: heat-activated CuNiTi wire and group c: laser-treated CuNiTu wire. The archwires were subjected to 2 and 4 mm of deflection forces and load deflection characteristics were studied on the Instron machine. IBM SPSS software version 23, was used for statistical analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and one-way ANOVA test, descriptive statistics were used to compare the means of the three groups. Results: The ANOVA test revealed that wire type had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the forces produced. At 2 mm loading, the descriptive tests revealed a mean ranging from 0.83 to 0.96 MPa, and at 4 mm loading, 2.64 to 3.53 MPa. However, none of the wires experienced any appreciable increases in force as the deflection increased from 2 to 4 mm. Conclusion: The current study's findings showed that SmartArch wire had a lower load deflection than NiTi wire and heat-activated CuNiTi wire. However, this was not statistically significant.
Early outcomes of valve preservation in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and bicuspid valve disease
Authors: Allam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed Hassan , Soliman Said Abdelaziz , Elnaggar Ismail Maged Elsaid , Elsharkawy Ahmed Abdelaziz
Published: August 2022

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most frequent congenital heart disease affecting 1% to 2% of the population, with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) formation being its second most frequent complication after aortic valve dysfunction (stenosis or insufficiency). Aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical or biologic prostheses has long been the procedure of choice. Although prosthetic AVR is effective in correcting the hemodynamic problem, there are important long-term drawbacks. These are particularly present in a younger patient population, such as the majority of individuals with a BAV. Patient and methods: 40 patients underwent aortic valve repair for bicuspid aortic valve disease with ascending aortic aneurysm in the period between June 2020 and February 2022 in Kasr Alainy hospitals. Results: All our patients showed significant improvement regarding left ventricular dimensions and contractility. Two patients had mild to moderate regurge and thirty eight patients had non-significant regurge in the six month follow up echo. One patient complicated by complete heart block required permanent pacemaker implantation, another two patients had postoperative high drainage required revision for bleeding. One patient died from ventilator associated pneumonia after prolonged mechanical ventilation due to disturbed conscious level.
Effect of Pyocyanin on gene expression of norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and SMR gene in Serratia marcescense
Authors: Al-Azawi Ibtisam H. , Dhairh Sabreen H.
Published: August 2022

Background:   The antibiotics active against Multidrug resistant bacteria have several limitations for their use, which include less clinical experience, During the continuing COVID-19 epidemic, limiting use has been difficult because most hospitalized COVID-19 patients receive antibiotics as a defense against subsequent bacterial infection. , Efflux pumps remove drugs and are linked to biofilm formation, making infections more difficult to treat due to a lack of therapeutic choices and necessitating new antimicrobial tactics. Pyocyanin is a secondary blue redox-active metabolite and a large family member of phenazines, tricyclic compounds. Phenazine has been utilized as a biological pesticide against several harmful microorganisms because of its antibacterial properties. Methods: Total RNA from ( Staphylococcus aureus obtained from respiratory tract  diagnosed as MDR  and Serratia marcescens obtained from co-infection Covid 19  )were isolated . The gene expression of the norA gene efflux pump of S. aureus, which was normalized to the rpoB HKG, and the smr gene efflux pump of Serratia marcescens, which was normalized to the Adnalyate Kinaze enzyme, was studied using quantitative real-time RT PCR on the extracted RNA.
One-year epidemiological study of patients with Keratoconus in eastern Iran
Authors: Shahram Bamdad , Aliakbar Derakhshan , Alireza Nouralishahi , Saman Mohammadzadehsaliani , Mohammad Shirvani , Masoud Yasemi
Published: August 2022

Background: Keratoconus is a degenerative and progressive of corneal disease. Unlike other country, studies about epidemiology of keratoconus are limited in the Iran. Aim of the study is survey of keratoconus epidemiology in the eastern Iran. Methods: For doing the cross-sectional study, patients were evaluated at the ophthalmology center of Mashhad County, during 2015-2016 year. Firstly, medical history was obtained from all new patients. Ocular examination was done for detection of keratoconus signs including Scissor reflex, Rizzuti sign, Fischer ring, Vogt striae and any sign of previous hydrops. For all suspicious patient’s topography was done. Also, the required demographic data were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). Results: Totally, 90 eyes from 45 patients were studied. The average age of patients was 25.1 ± 6 years and the average age of onset of the disease was 17.72 ± 7.76 years. More than half of patients (55.6%) were female. One-sided Keratoconus was found in 11.1 %. In 10 patients (10 eyes), there was history of penetrating keratoplasty due to advanced keratoconus.
Reliability evaluation of 3-D models when compared with plaster models for mixed dentition analysis
Authors: Abirami S. , Jain Ravindra Kumar , Dinesh S. P. Saravana
Published: August 2022

AIM: Inclination towards digital models in orthodontics is increasing and several software programs are available to perform virtual model analyses for diagnosis & treatment planning. The aim of this study was to compare as well assess the accuracy and validity of 3D models over plaster casts for mixed dentition analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 16 children from the age group of 8-13 years with mixed dentition. Intraoral scanning using a 3D scanner (MEDIT) to generate digital models of the upper and lower arches, then alginate impressions were taken and models poured. Mixed dentition model analysis, specifically Moyers and Tanaka Johnston analysis, were performed with measurements made on both plaster models using digital vernier calipers and digital models. Obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software (IBM corp, version 13). RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data comparison between digital and plaster models of both Moyers and Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis gave us a ‘p’ value greater than 0.05 hence proving the null hypothesis. CONCLUSION: When analysing mixed dentition, virtual models are 95% as accurate as plaster models.
Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticle synthesized using cissus quadrangularis extract
Authors: Harikrishnan Sruthi , Navaneethan R. , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: August 2022

Nanoparticles are being widely used in the field of medicine called Nanomedicine. Biological membranes in the human body are selectively permeable to Nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be surface modified to attach a variety of ligands which enable them to be biosensors, molecular-scale fluorescent tags, imaging agents, and targeted drug delivery vehicles. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a type of bottom-up approach in which reaction occurs with the help of reducing and stabilizing agents. Bisphosphonates are increasingly being used to treat a wide range of skeletal issues, including hereditary skeletal disorders in children, cancer-related bone metastases and osteoporosis. Cissus Quadrangularis is a green edible medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic preparations to treat osteoporosis, general inflammatory conditions, ulcers, menstrual disorders, hemorrhoids, and a variety of other ailments. It has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. Bisphosphonate conjugated with gold nanoparticle have shown to produce more targeted actionThe purpose of this study was to green synthesize Bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticles with Cissus quadrangularis extract and test their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.
History of the formation of the Chinese community in Dong Nai, Vietnam in the 17th - 18th centuries
Authors: Co Nguyen Dinh
Published: August 2022

The article provides an overview of the process of the Chinese migrants coming, together to explore land together, establish a village, and establish a bustling Cu Lao city in the Southern land in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. A small group of people, due to the failure of the “anti-Thanh” movement, fled to Dang Trong and was arranged by Lord Nguyen to settle in Ban Lan (Bien Hoa today); The Chinese migrants continued to come after that, making the community more and more crowded. The community institutions were also built more and more complete with the organization of the Dang Trong government: from Thanh Ha village (with Minh Huong) to managing the population, and civil status at the beginning, of the group. The guild was of a compatriot at the end of the eighteenth century... The religious bases showed a deep integration of the Chinese migrants into life in the new land.
A comparative study on the effectiveness of virtual reality and cognitive behavioral therapies on ailurophobia and rumination in people with ailurophobia
Authors: Khaleghzadeh Leila , Aghaei Asghar , Farhadi Hadi
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy (VRT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on ailurophobia and rumination in people with ailurophobia. This study utilized a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design and a 1-month follow-up period with an experimental group implementing two methods, VRT and CBT, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all people with ailurophobia in Isfahan in the summer and autumn of 2020. The sample size was determined at 30 people using the convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into three groups: VRT, CBT, and Control. Measurement tools included Nolen-Hoeksema and Moro's 24-item Ruminative Response Scale (2008) and a 10-item researcher-made ailurophobia questionnaire. VRT and CBT methods were implemented in 8 sessions of 30 minutes and 9 sessions of 90 minutes, respectively, for two months for two experimental groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) between VRT and CBT in terms of effectiveness on ailurophobia and rumination in people with ailurophobia.
Effect of diaphragmatic anterior expansion training versus diaphragmatic breathing exercises on ventilatory function on postmenopausal kyphotic women
Authors: Aziz Khadiga S Abd El , Awad Mohamed A. , Osman Ahmad M , Elkholy Eslam A
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the difference between the effect of anterior diaphragmatic training and diaphragmatic breathing on ventilatory function in post-menopausal kyphotic women. Subjects: Sixty women complaining from post-menopausal kyphosis participated in this study. They were selected randomly from Tanta University Hospital in Tanta. Their ages were ranged from 50 to 60 years old. Their body mass index was ranged from 25-30 kg/m2. Their degree of kyphosis was moderate degree of kyphosis according to block method. They did not receive any medical treatment during the research period. Women with mild and severe degree of kyphosis according to block method, cardiovascular conditions (Those with a known history of uncontrolled hypertension, ischemic attacks, stroke and congestive heart failure), severe pulmonary disease (Restrictive lung disease or obstructive lung disease) and musculoskeletal disorders (Severe osteoporosis or severe osteoarthritis) were excluded from the study. Design: Design of the study was randomized controlled study (Pre and post experimental study). They were divided into two equal groups (A&B). Group A consisted of thirty postmenopausal kyphotic women and treated by diaphragmatic breathing exercises, 3 times per week for 16 weeks.
Utilisation pattern of AMA in surgery department in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Uddesh Santosh , Dahake Tushar , Ekka Jibnus , Dhone Pravin G.
Published: August 2022

In the recent past when people were dying of communicable diseases, the discovery and innovations of AMAs , did a miracle as saved millions of life worldwide, by special toxic and killing effect on infecting microorganisms and not damaging host, thus satisfying own name as  MIRACLE MEDICINE or MAGIC BULLETS. Paul Ehlrich of Austria discovered first time chemotherapeutic agent in 1906. Next Domagk of Germany, A. Fleming of England, Walks man of USA discovered sulfonamides, penicillin, Streptomycin and all received NOBEL PRIZE, for their immortal lifesaving work which changed world. Data are collected from admitted patient’s case sheets from surgery wards .Data’s are collected by a self-prepared preformed proforma, which is prepared as per study design and includes Age, Sex, Disease, Unit, Ward, AMA or AMAs prescribed, Average no of AMAs, Dose, Frequency, Route of administration, along with Govt. supply or private purchase and supply chain.
portrayal of holocaust experience in Michael Chabon’s The Final Solution
Authors: Deepa A. , Deivasigamani T.
Published: August 2022

The present paper highlights how Michael Chabon’s novel The Final Solution focuses on the Holocaust Experience in the twenty-first century American Literature. The Holocaust is known as the Shoah was the genocide of European Jews during World War II between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany. Its collaborators systematically murdered six million Jews across German occupied Europe around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. The title of the novel refer Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Final Problem" in which Holmes confronts his greatest enemy, Professor Moriarty, at Reichenbach Falls. The Final Solution is  the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people, as well as The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, a 1974 novel written in homage to Conan Doyle by Nicholas Meyer. However, The Final Solution supplements and complicates the standard interpretation of the novel as an exercise in Holocaust piety by focusing on an “impious” subtext that appears to contradict some of the text’s more overt assumptions.
Cell free DNA as a biomarker in medicolegal assessment in burn patients
Authors: Eldesoky Mona Mohamed , Zayed Abeer Ahmed , Gaballah Iman F. , ElSebaie A. M. MD , Dayem Omnia Abd El , Mekdad Alaa Abdelhamid
Published: August 2022

Background: Burn victims have higher levels of cell free DNA (cfDNA), which allows its use as a direct indicator of cellular damage and burn vitality. Aim: Determination of cfDNA levels in burn patients and their correlation with total body surface area burned percent (TBSA%). Subjects and methods: Burn cases were evaluated to determine the prevalence of age and sex variations, period of admission, TBSA%, and the etiology and manner of burns. The plasma cfDNA concentration was measured within 24 hours of the burn injury in 40 burn cases and 20 control subjects. Results: The mean age of the cases was 34.38 years (median 33 years). Most patients were males (62.5%). Burning by flame or scalding represented 50% of the cases. Accidental burns were the most predominant. The mean of admission periods was 36.55 days while the mean value of TBSA% of the cases was 16.68%. There was a statistically significant difference in cfDNA values between cases and control subjects (p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between cfDNA levels and TBSA% (r = 0.7; p < 0.001). Conclusion and recommendations: Levels of cfDNA were significantly different between burn cases and controls.
Evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of copper nanoparticles using green tea and neem formulation
Authors: Thomas Anjali Anna , Babu Harish , Rajeshkumar S
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Copper nanoparticles are of great interest and have applications in various fields due to their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anticancer properties. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is currently a new approach which is a non toxic,economical,eco friendly approach. Our study aim was to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized copper nanoparticles from green tea and neem formulation. Materials and methodology:20mM of copper sulphate solution is mixed with 40mL of plant extract and 60 mL of distilled water was added and made it into 100 ml solution.The copper nanoparticles derived using green synthesis was assessed for antibiotic activity by free radical scavenging assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Cytotoxicity of copper nanoparticles was evaluated using Brine shrimp assay at 5,10,20,40 and 80µL concentrations. Results: The change of colour from green to brown and the peak observed in UV-vis- spectrophotometer indicated the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The antioxidant property was visually observed  by the colour change from green to brown indicating that DPPH has undergone a reduction reaction exhibiting scavenging activity. The cytotoxic effects of green synthesised copper nanoparticles from green tea and neem extract showed that there is a concentration dependent increase in the cytotoxic property of copper nanoparticles.
Detection of Eimeria species in domestic goat with both microscopic and molecular methods in Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Khader Wafaa Hussein Abdel , Jarad Noor Idan
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study which conducted in Al-Diwaniyah province during the period from October (2021) to April (2022) was to determine the prevalence of Eimeria infection in goat and study the effect of some epidemiological factor such as sex ,age and months on the infection rates addition to that and molecular identification of Eimeria. Two hundred and ten fecal sample were collected, from goat in four different regions in Al-Diwaniyah province included (Al-Shamiya, Al-Sunyih, Ghamas and Al-Mohanawih) at one visit per a week for each regions. The results of microscopic examination showed that  169(80.48%) of goat were infected.  According to morphological study, eight Eimeria species were recorded which include E. arloingi, E. alijevi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. jolchijevi, E. hirci, E. caprovina and E. caprina. The results showed that,  Eimeria arloingi were recorded at highest rate (22.86%), while  E. caprina was observed at lowest rate (3.33%). Significant (P<0.01) differences was found between prevalence of infections according to Eimeria species. Out of 120 fecal sample were collected from goat female and 90 fecal samples were collected from male which examined as Eimeria species, the results showed that, 99(82.5%) females  and 70(77.78%) males were confirmed to be infected.
Histopathology and phylogenetic tree of Eimeria species in goat in Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Khader Wafaa Hussein Abdel , Jarad Noor Idan
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study which conducted in Al-Diwaniyah province during the period from October (2021) to April (2022) was to study histopathological examination of  intestine and molecular identification with phylogenetic analysis of Eimeria. A total of 25 tissue samples (small intestine and large intestine) of  goat were collected from slaughter houses in Al-Diwaniyah province. Histopathological study of the intestine revealed immature oocyst of the parasite in the colon, and the reproductive stages of the parasite were observed, represented by the presence of female (macrogametes) and male (microgametes), in addition to observing some histopathological changes represented by the presence of infiltration of lymphocyte and eosinophil of villi in goat. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 goat´s fecal samples and18S rRNA gene of Eimeria was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. PCR technique showed that, out of 100 goat´s fecal samples 87(87%) were positive for 18S rRNA gene of Eimeria. Fifteen PCR positive product of local Eimeria isolates were sent to Bioneer company in Korea for detected the DNA sequence and compared it with that of other Eimeria published in GenBank.
PTH in risk stratification in CHF
Authors: Arul Judah Nijas , Vasanthan Krishnan , Vengadakrishnan Krishnamurthy , Madhavan Sudha
Published: August 2022

Background: Although cardiac myocytes are the target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH), there is limited data on the role of PTH in the setting of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The present study sought to evaluate the role of PTH in risk stratification among patientswith CHF. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried outfor a period of 19 months among 50 patients admitted with CHF. The severity of CHF was graded based on New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) classificationbased on functional status and by the need for ICU care. Serum PTH levels were measured for all the study participants. Results: A total of 19 patients (38%) required ICU care and all belonged to the NYHA class 4.There was a significant difference in the PTH values among the different NYHA classes (NYHA 2 - 36pg/mL ±15; NYHA 3 - 51 pg/mL ± 30; NYHA 4 - 92 pg/mL ± 45; p<0.001). PTH levels among patients requiring ICU care was significantly higher when compared to those not requiring the same (109.3 pg/mL (95% CI: 87.4 to 131.3] vs 49.8 pg/mL [95% CI: 40.6 to 59]; p<0.001).
EUCALYPTUS BENTHAMII: UMA ESPÉCIE GENETICAMENTE PROMISSORA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MADEIRA EM ÁREAS SUJEITAS A OCORRÊNCIA DE GEADA
Authors: Silva Luciana Duque , Higa Antonio Rioyei , Floss Paulo Alfonso , Croce Dorli Mario Da , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de , Garcia José Nivaldo , Spiecker Henrick , Khale Hans-Peter
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo foi escrito a convite da Revista FLORESTA e da coordenação do curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) em comemoração ao cinquentenário do programa de Pós-Graduação, neste será apresentado uma síntese dos principais resultados obtidos ao longo do desenvolvimento da tese intitulada “Melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage visando a produção de madeira serrada em áreas de ocorrência de geadas severas”, que foi desenvolvida na linha de pesquisa “Silvicultura”, sob a orientação do professor Antonio Rioyei Higa, durante os anos de 2005 à 2008. Mesmo antes do início do trabalho de pesquisa a Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI) esteve envolvida com o projeto, em parceria com o grupo de pesquisa da UFPR, também se envolveram professores e pesquisadores da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” da Universidade de São Paulo, da Embrapa Floresta e da Universidade de Freiburg da Alemanha. Na ocasião de realização da tese um dos desafios dos silvicultores localizados em áreas com ocorrência de geadas era ter disponível para plantio, sementes ou clones geneticamente melhorados para as características do local e com qualidade da madeira que se destinasse para serraria. Assim o objetivo da tese foi definir uma estratégia de melhoramento genético visando disponibilizar material genético com alto potencial de crescimento, resistência à geada e baixa tensão de crescimento. Para isso foi analisado um teste de progênies instalado em quatro locais com ocorrência de geadas no estado de Santa Catarina, estudou-se variáveis relacionadas a resistência a geadas, produção madeireira e rendimento de madeira em serraria. Os resultados indicaram que com a base genética de E. benthamii estudada é possível disponibilizar sementes geneticamente melhorados para áreas com ocorrência de geadas, com boa produtividade madeireira e rendimentos de madeira em serraria, acima do que se imaginava inicialmente. Para que os ganhos genéticos sejam otimizados foi proposto o zoneamento das áreas estudadas em duas Zonas de Melhoramento - ZM, a ZM1 que compreende as regiões de Caçador-SC, Calmon-SC e Chapecó-SC e a ZM2 que compreende a região de Vargem Bonita-SC.
Selenium Distribution in the Gossan of a Porphyry Copper Deposit, Red Chris Mine, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Day S. , Marquez J.E.
Published: August 2022

In 2015, the Red Chris mine in northwestern British Columbia began processing near-surface ores from the Red Chris copper-gold deposit and encountered higher leachable selenium concentrations in process water than had been anticipated from testing of deeper ores. Samples of gossan, near-surface rock, and deeper hypogene rock were submitted for analytical, mineralogical, and kinetic geochemical testing to investigate the origin of the leachable selenium, its mineralogical form, and the release mechanisms. This paper presents testing results and implications for understanding the selenium distribution in weathered rocks at sulfide mineral deposits.

Shallow weathered rock, including the gossan, contained higher selenium concentrations and higher ratios of selenium to sulfur relative to the hypogene bedrock. Laboratory weathering and leaching tests indicated that selenium is released from source sulfides by oxidation and retained in a variety of secondary mineral forms. Mean selenium content in the solids was measured as follows: gossan and shallow bedrock >> deeper near-surface bedrock > hypogene bedrock. Water-leachable selenium varied but generally followed a similar trend, with samples of gossan containing the highest water-leachable selenium. Selenium was determined to be preferentially leached from the gossan samples at high pH values, indicating an adsorbed form.

We propose that the weathering profile of the Red Chris deposit was previously capped with a well-developed thick gossan, which formed during the Paleogene and was eroded during the last period of glaciation. The current weathered rock reflects the residual base of the former oxidized profile.
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs): an expanding rational treatment paradigm in breast cancer (CME article)
Authors: Yan Fengting , Sun Lian , Wu Aimee , Kaplan Henry G
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in bioengineering and manufacturing have catapulted Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) to broader clinical applications. ADCs take advantage of the exquisite specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to deliver a highly potent cytotoxic agent to a specifically targeted cell expressing a selected antigen. HER2-positive breast cancer has served as a testing ground for ADC development in solid tumors that over-express HER2/neu by linking trastuzumab to a payload agent. With the current advances, ADCs leverage the selective targeting of monoclonal antibodies to deliver highly potent agents which otherwise have a narrow therapeutic index. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) was the first ADC approved for patients with HER2-postive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (T-DXd) was recently approved as well. Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG) was approved in 2020 for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Studies focusing on utilizing ADCs in earlier stages of breast cancer in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting, and central nervous system (CNS) disease are in progress. New ADCs and bispecific antibodies (bAbs) are also in development.