bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlaciones entre ansiedad y depresión en el rendimiento cognitivo de las personas mayores
Authors: Fernandes Lopes Regina Maria , Welter Wendt Guilherme , Lopes do Nascimento Roberta Fernandes , De Lima Argimon Irani I.
Published: July 2015

Se observa que en los últimos años, el cuerpo humano pasa por un proceso de envejecimiento natural, la generación de modificaciones funcionales, la reducción de la vitalidad; favoreciendo así la aparición de enfermedades relacionadas con ese periodo de la vida. Los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la depresión en los ancianos incluyen factores genéticos, los acontecimientos estresantes de la vida, el deterioro cognitivo asociado con el envejecimiento y las alteraciones neurobiológicas, con tasas de prevalencia del trastorno depresivo mayor en el rango de edad avanzada del 2 % al 5 %. Los adultos mayores con síntomas depresivos y síntomas de la ansiedad mostraron déficits cognitivos más severos. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar si existe una correlación significativa entre el rendimiento cognitivo de los adultos mayores con síntomas de la depresión, la ansiedad y la edad. 231 personas mayores participaron en este estudio. El diseño fue un estudio cuantitativo transversal. Se utilizó el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE), la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS) y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI). Los resultados mostraron que la edad y correlacionada estadísticamente significativamente asociada negativamente con la puntuación del MMSE (r = -0,205, p < 0,005), demostrando que la edad, disminuyó el rendimiento cognitivo. Personas mayores con los síntomas depresivos y los síntomas de ansiedad severa tenían puntuaciones en el MMSE inferiores.
Características Tecnológicas de la fibra blanca de Alpaca Huacaya en la zona Altoandina de Apurímac
Authors: Vásquez O. Rutnis , Gómez-Quispe Oscar , Quispe P. Edgar
Published: July 2015

Con el objeto de estimar cinco características tecnológicas de la fibra de alpaca Huacaya color blanco en una comunidad de la zona altoandina de Apurímac, Perú, se evaluaron 405 muestras tomadas de la zona media del costillar, previa a la esquila. Las variables estudiadas fueron: media del diámetro de fibra (MDF), coeficiente de variación del diámetro de la fibra (CVDF), índice de confort (IC), índice de curvatura (ICur) y finura al hilado (FiHi), según sexo y grupo etario de acuerdo a la dentadura (DL=Dientes de leche; 2D=2 dientes; 4D=4 dientes; BLL=boca llena). La MDF para machos y hembras fue de 19.6 y 20.1 µm, respectivamente (p<0.05), donde los valores amentaron con la edad (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias en el CVDF por sexos ni entre grupos etarios. El IC fue de 96.8% en machos y 95.5% en hembras (p<0.05), disminuyendo conforme aumenta la edad (p<0.05). El ICur fue similar entre sexos y la diferencia entre edades solo se aprecia entre DL con 4D y BLL (p<0.05). La FiHi fue diferente entre sexos (p<0.05) y entre los grupos etarios DL y BLL (p<0.05). Se encontraron relaciones significativas positivas entre MDF con FiHi y IC con ICur y negativas entre MDF con IC, MDF con ICur, IC con FiHi, ICur con FiHi e ICur con CVDF. Los resultados indican que en esta zona del país existen alpacas con buen potencial en calidad de fibra.
Expresión de Defensinas en Yeyuno de Crías de Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) con Enteropatías
Authors: Siuce M. Juan , Manchego S. Alberto , Sandoval C. Nieves , More B. Juan , Chiok C. Kim-Lam , Pezo C. Danilo , Rivera G Hermelinda
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la expresión de péptidos antimicrobianos (á- y â-defensinas) en el epitelio intestinal de crías de alpaca de 1 a 6 semanas de edad y con enteropatías, mediante la cuantificación relativa de ARN mensajeros (ARNm) de las á (defa 8) y â (â def alp) defensinas. Se tomaron dos porciones de yeyuno de 2 cm de longitud de 29 crías de alpacas con signos de diarrea. Una porción se procesó para el análisis histopatológico utilizando la tinción Hematoxilina-Eosina para determinar el tipo de enteropatía. De la otra porción se obtuvo el ARNm total de los raspados yeyunales, que sirvió de molde para la síntesis de cDNA mediante transcripción reversa (RT), seguido de un PCR en Tiempo Real, para la amplificación y detección de las defensinas. La cuantificación relativa de ARNm se realizó mediante el método 2- ÄÄCt. Las crías enfermas mostraron una expresión de á-defensina (Defa 8) correspondiente a 18.15 veces lo expresado por el animal recién nacido o calibrador. La expresión de la â-defensina (â-defalp) correspondió a 258.29 veces lo expresado por el calibrador, y con diferencia significativa (p<0.05), tanto en Defa 8 yâ-defalp, al compararlos con un grupo de crías de alpacas sanas criadas en similares condiciones de un estudio previo. Los resultados demuestran que las á- y â-defensinas entéricas son inducidas de manera significativa durante cuadros entéricos en las alpacas.
Mechanical Factors of Infl uence on Biological Effi ciency of Solanum Nigrum L.
Authors: Ivashchenko O. , Ivashchenko O.
Published: July 2015

Aim. Studying of black nightshade young plants’ response to the induced mechanical stresses. Methods. Researches conducted in small plot fi eld experiments. Results. Change of sensitivity level of Solanum nigrum L. plants depending on phases of their development at the moment of damage of elevated parts has been proven. Owing to loss of the surface capable to photosynthesis, there is an essential decrease in volumes of photosynthesis at plants of weed survived and their possibilities of ontogeny passage. The deep induced dis- stresses reduce biological effi ciency of plants, their ability to accumulate weight and to form seeds and even lead them to death. Conclusions. The defi ned principles of response of weed plants to the induced mechanical dis-stresses are can be used for working out and ecological receptions of crops protection from weeds.
The Scope and Trends of Pediatric Hospitalizations in Texas, 2004–2010
Authors: Van Horne Bethanie , Netherton Elisabeth , Helton Jeffrey , Fu Mingchen , Greeley Christopher
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To examine demographics and trends of financial cost and prominent diseases/conditions resulting in inpatient hospitalizations for infants, children, and adolescents in Texas between 2004 and 2010.

METHODS:

Longitudinal retrospective cross-sectional study using the Texas Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database, including all pediatric hospitalizations in the state of Texas, 2004 to 2010.

RESULTS:

Texas has an average of 591 571 pediatric hospitalizations per year. Birth was the most common reason for hospitalization, representing 64% of all pediatric hospitalization annually in Texas. Respiratory illnesses were the most common discharge diagnosis for hospitalized children ages 1 month to 9 years and demonstrated a 2% decrease over the study period. The rate of hospitalizations for digestive conditions and childbirth also demonstrated a decrease over this time frame: 4.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The rate of mental illness diagnoses increased 2.5% over the time frame and represented the most common discharge diagnosis for children aged 10 to 14. Childbirth was the most common reason for hospitalization for adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. There was no increase in total cost of pediatric hospitalizations over the time period under study.

CONCLUSIONS:

After birth, respiratory illnesses represent the most common reason for hospitalization for children (between 1 month and 10 years of age) in Texas. Mental health conditions and childbirth represent the most common reason for hospitalization for young adolescents (10–14 years) and older adolescents (15–17 years), respectively.
Improving Clinician Attitudes of Respect and Trust for Persons With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Haywood Carlton , Williams-Reade Jacqueline , Rushton Cynda , Beach Mary Catherine , Geller Gail
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To test the effect of 1 high-intensity, and 1 reduced-intensity, educational intervention designed to improve health care provider attitudes toward youth with sickle cell disease (SCD).

METHODS:

We exposed a regional sample of pediatric health care providers to a 2.5-day high-intensity educational and experiential intervention using videos about the SCD patient experience. Additionally, we traveled to a different set of regional health care institutions and offered pediatric providers a reduced-intensity intervention, consisting of a 90-minute lunchtime in-service centered on our same set of videos about the patient’s experience. We assessed the impact of both interventions by taking pre/post measurements of the negative and positive attitudes expressed by participating providers toward patients with SCD.

RESULTS:

Both interventions tested elicited improvements in the SCD attitudes expressed by the pediatric providers as suggested through a reduction in measured negative attitude scores (20.0 vs 12.1, P < .001), and an improvement in positive attitude scores (67.1 vs 72.2, P < .001). Further testing suggested that the high-intensity intervention elicited a stronger effect than the reduced-intensity intervention across multiple attitudinal domains.

CONCLUSIONS:

Video-based interventions can be used to improve the attitudes of pediatric providers toward patients with SCD. The availability of interventions of varying intensities provides greater flexibility in designing efforts to advance the quality of SCD care through the improvement of provider attitudes.
Pain Prevalence and Treatment Patterns in a US Children’s Hospital
Authors: Shomaker Kyrie , Dutton Shirl , Mark Melissa
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:

Hospitalized children experience significant pain despite improvement efforts. This study was undertaken to better understand the epidemiology of acute pain in hospitalized children and the extent to which existing measures reveal targets for improving pain management.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was used to audit pain assessment, intensity, prevalence, source, and treatment hospital-wide on a single day in 2011. Chart audits were performed on patients aged 0 to 21 years. All patients had the option to participate in a structured interview about their pain experience.

RESULTS:

The audit included 112 children, 47 of whom were interviewed. Pain prevalence obtained by child/parent interview (72%) was more than twice that documented by nurses (30%). Infants, but not cognitively impaired children, had significantly lower rates of pain detection and analgesic ordering than older age groups. Procedural pain was the most frequently cited source of pain among interviewed patients and was poorly addressed in the medical record. Fifty percent of children with documented moderate-to-severe pain received scheduled pain medications. More than one-third of interviewed patients would have wanted more pain medication if it could have been safely given.

CONCLUSIONS:

Specific gaps remain in the quality of pain management provided to hospitalized children. Focus on infant pain detection, assessment and management of procedural pain, and scheduled analgesic ordering are sensible targets for future process improvement efforts.
A Qualitative Analysis of Pediatric Patient Attitudes Regarding Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Berkwitt Adam , Grossman Matthew
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends family-centered rounds (FCR) as standard practice for the inpatient setting. To date, there is limited research investigating the attitudes of pediatric patients regarding this shift in practice. The goal of this study was to explore pediatric patients’ perspectives of their experiences during FCR.

METHODS:

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study based on results from 22 semi-structured interviews of school-aged and adolescent inpatients from September 2012 through October 2013. English-speaking patients, aged 7 to 18 years, who participated in FCR were eligible for inclusion. Transcripts were initially analyzed by using a constant comparative method. After completion of this initial analysis, a third reviewer independently reviewed all transcripts to verify the accuracy of the final coding scheme.

RESULTS:

The final coding scheme consisted of 5 main themes: team size, medical team interactions, content discussed on FCR, setting expectations, and timing and location of FCR. In general, patients expressed a wide array of positive, negative, and neutral impressions within each theme relating to their experiences with FCR.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patient comments regarding their experience with FCR offer unique perspectives from previously studied participants, including physicians, nurses, students, and parents. Future research aimed at evaluating the bedside rounding process should incorporate patients’ views to realize the complete FCR experience.
Oxygen Saturation in the Newborn and the Importance of Avoiding Hyperoxia-Induced Damage
Authors: Sola Augusto
Published: July 2015

When a newborn has suspected or confirmed hypoxemia, clinical measures for evaluation and treatment are started without delay, which is appropriate. Oxygen is among the most widely used drugs in neonatal care, but the adverse effects of excess oxygen administration, hyperoxemia, and hyperoxia are not addressed in a similar way. This review describes issues of clinical significance related to oxygenation and saturation targets with the main objective of decreasing morbidities associated with excess oxygen use.
Treating Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy With Hypothermia
Authors: Perez Jose M. R. , Feldman Alexander , Alpan Gad
Published: July 2015

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, and only recently has an effective treatment been developed to mitigate its sequelae. Moderate therapeutic hypothermia (TH) (core temperatures of 33oC–35oC) has been found in a number of randomized clinical trials to reduce mortality and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in full-term neonates with moderate or severe HIE. TH can be administered using various techniques, but optimal use dictates meticulous control of targeted core temperature (usually assessed as rectal temperature), and thus servo-controlled devices have an advantage. Treatment is applied for 72 hours, and then gradual rewarming is performed at a slow rate. Rapid rewarming and hyperthermia should be avoided because they may be associated with neuronal damage and reversal of the benefits of TH. Long-term outcomes, at ages 6 to 8 years, correlate well with the benefits observed at 18- to 24-month follow-up. Although better than any alternative therapy currently available, the rates of mortality and morbidity still remain high even when using TH.
Ti-clinohumite in the Ciénaga skarn-type mineralogy, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Massif (Colombia): Occurrence and petrologic significance
Authors: Ríos Carlos Alberto , Castellanos Óscar Mauricio , Chacón Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2015

This study reports the occurrence and petrologic significance of Ti-clinohumite for the first time in the Ciénaga skarn, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Massif. Ti-Clinohumite occurs as thin bands hosted in the Ciénaga Marbles of lower Cretaceous age, which consist of quartz-wollastonite-diopside-garnet-clinohumite marbles. We focus the attention on the occurrence of Ti-clinohumite-bearing domains, highlighting some interesting textures as well as the mineralogy and chemistry of the Ti-clinohumite. On the basis of its geologic situation, petrography, mineral composition and metamorphic history, we discuss the origin of Ti-clinohumite.

 

Resumen

El estudio reporta la presencia y el significado petrológico de Ti-clinohumita por primera vez en mármoles del depósito de skarn de Ciénaga, Macizo Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, de edad Cretácico inferior. La Ti-clinohumita ocurre como bandas delgadas en mármoles de cuarzo-wollastonita-diópsido-granateclinohumita. Centramos la atención en la ocurrencia de los dominios con Ti-clinohumita, destacando algunas de sus texturas interesantes, así como la mineralogía y la química de la Ti-clinohumita. Con base al contexto geológico, a las características petrográficas, a la composición mineral y a la historia metamórfica, se discute el origen de la Ti-clinohumita.
Classroom Management: A Persistent Challenge for Pre-Service Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Macías Diego Fernando , Sánchez Jesús Ariel
Published: July 2015

This qualitative descriptive study aimed to ascertain the extent to which classroom management constituted a problem among pre-service foreign language teachers in a teacher education program at a public university in Colombia. The study also sought to identify classroom management challenges, the approaches to confronting them, and the alternatives for improving pre-service teachers’ classroom management skills. The results revealed that classroom management is a serious problem with challenges ranging from inadequate classroom conditions to explicit acts of misbehavior. Establishing rules and reinforcing consequences for misbehavior were the main approaches to classroom management, although more contact with actual classrooms and learning from experienced others were alternatives for improving classroom management skills.

Este estudio cualitativo descriptivo buscó determinar en qué medida el manejo de clase constituye un problema para docentes practicantes de lenguas extranjeras en un programa de licenciatura en inglés en una universidad pública Colombiana. El estudio buscó identificar los desafíos de manejo de clase, el enfoque para afrontarlos, y las alternativas para mejorarlos. Los resultados revelaron que el manejo de clase es un problema serio que va desde condiciones inadecuadas del salón hasta actos explícitos de indisciplina. Establecer reglas y consecuencias por indisciplina fueron el principal enfoque de manejo de clase mientras que mayor contacto con sitios de práctica y aprender de otros con experiencia fueron alternativas de mejoramiento.
The Cultural Content in EFL Textbooks and What Teachers Need to Do About It
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Luis Fernando
Published: July 2015

This article analyzes the cultural content in three communicative English as a foreign language textbooks that are used as main instructional resources in the English classroom. The study examined whether the textbooks include elements of surface or deep culture, and the findings indicate that the textbooks contain only static and congratulatory topics of surface culture and omit complex and transformative forms of culture. Consequently, the second part of the article suggests how teachers can address deep-rooted aspects of culture that might help English as a foreign language learners build more substantive intercultural competence in the language classroom.

En este artículo se analiza el contenido cultural en tres textos de inglés comunicativo utilizados como el principal recurso de enseñanza en la clase de inglés. Se indagó si los textos incluyen elementos de la cultura superficial o de la cultura profunda. Se observó que los textos sólo presentan temas “admirables” y representativos de la cultura superficial y no ofrecen temas complejos y trasformativos de la cultura profunda. En consecuencia, en la segunda parte del artículo se sugiere a los profesores de inglés cómo abordar aspectos complejos de la cultura profunda que podrían ayudarle a los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera a construir una competencia intercultural más sólida.
EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Continuing Professional Development: A Case of Iranian High School Teachers
Authors: Alibakhshi Goudarz , Dehvari Najibeh
Published: July 2015

English, particularly regarding a foreign language teachers’ professional development, has been studied in depth. However, it is not known how Iranian English as a foreign language teachers perceive continuing professional development. This study explored the perceptions of Iranian English as a foreign language teachers of continuing professional development and identified their main professional development activities. For the study, a phenomenological research design was applied. Twenty English teachers were interviewed. The data were content analyzed in line with the Randor model. The results showed that the participants perceived continuing professional development to entail skills development, continuous learning, keeping up to date, learning for interest, and professional revitalization. Additionally, they developed professionally through work, formal education, and attending and presenting at continuing professional development events.

El desarrollo profesional de los docentes de inglés como lengua extranjera se ha estudiado ampliamente. Sin embargo, se desconoce cómo los profesores iraníes de inglés como lengua extranjera perciben el desarrollo profesional continuado. En este estudio se exploran dichas percepciones y se identifican las principales actividades que estos docentes llevan a cabo para desarrollarse profesionalmente. Con este fin, se diseñó una investigación fenomenológica aplicada a 20 profesores entrevistados. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con el modelo propuesto por Radnor. Los resultados mostraron que los docentes perciben el desarrollo profesional continuado como: mejora de habilidades, aprendizaje continuo, actualización, aprendizaje motivado por el interés y revitalización de la labor docente. Asimismo, los docentes crecen profesionalmente por medio del trabajo, la educación formal y la asistencia y presentación en eventos de desarrollo profesional continuado.
When Students Say Far Too Much: Examining Gushing in the ELT Classroom
Authors: Mugford Gerrard , Ramírez Cuevas Oscar
Published: July 2015

English foreign-language users often overuse words when faced with difficult situations. Called gushing, such excessive use of words is often legitimately employed by native speakers to express, for instance, gratitude and apologies when a simple thank you or sorry does not sufficiently convey an interlocutor’s feelings. This paper examines the appropriateness and effectiveness of gushing when employed by advanced students facing difficult situations. Answering discourse completion tasks, students from a private university in Guadalajara, Mexico were asked to employ acquiescing, persisting, and aggressing strategies to resolve two particular situations. The results indicate that gushing was widely used, but in communicatively ineffective ways, reflecting an area where teachers can help develop students’ communicative competencies.

Los hablantes del inglés como lengua extranjera frecuentemente usan palabras en exceso cuando enfrentan situaciones difíciles. Hablantes nativos utilizan un excesivo número de palabras para expresar, por ejemplo, gratitud y disculpas cuando un simple gracias o lo siento no transmite completamente los sentimientos del interlocutor. Este artículo examina el uso excesivo de palabras por alumnos con un nivel avanzado de inglés al enfrentarse a situaciones difíciles. Al responder un cuestionario de completación, alumnos universitarios en Guadalajara, México, usaron estrategias conciliadoras, interrogatorias y argumentativas para resolver dos situaciones específicas. Los resultados indican que un uso excesivo de palabras fue utilizado pero en formas comunicativamente ineficaces y reflejan un área donde los profesores pueden ayudar a los alumnos a desarrollar competencias comunicativas.
Exploring Authorship Development Among Mexican EFL Teacher-Researchers
Authors: Trujeque Moreno Eva Estefania , Encinas Prudencio Fátima , Thomas-Ruzic Maria
Published: July 2015

This article presents a multi-theoretical model to address processes of authorship development in the English as a foreign language teaching profession. Working within a sociocultural perspective of second-language teacher education, the authors examined six experienced nonnative English-speaking teacher-researchers. Perceptions of their key moments in the profession were analyzed using a mixed-method approach that combined document analysis with personal narratives. The findings indicated that both authoring (products and activities in their profession) and self-authorship (transformational processes throughout their careers) contributed to constructing these English as a foreign language professionals as scholars.

En este artículo se presenta un modelo multiteórico y multinivel para identificar el proceso en el que los autores se desarrollan en el área de la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera, proceso identificado como desarrollo de la autoría. Este modelo se desarrolló bajo una perspectiva sociocultural de la formación de profesores que presenta una muestra de las percepciones de seis profesores investigadores mexicanos en el área de inglés como lengua extranjera. Se utilizó un método mixto que combinó el análisis de documentos con narrativas personales. Los resultados de esta investigación indicaron la presencia de momentos significativos de su autoría (productos y actividades) y su auto-autoría (procesos de transformación), que contribuyeron a la construcción del desarrollo de la autoría de estos profesores-investigadores.
Teacher Activities and Adolescent Students’ Participation in a Colombian EFL Classroom
Authors: Caicedo Jefferson
Published: July 2015

The present study concerns the activities teachers develop and ninth-graders’ participation in responses to those activities. The objectives of this study were to identify and describe the types of teaching activities developed and how students respond to them and to show how the target language is used in the classroom. The data collection was conducted through daily field notes and a diary. The findings show that in the classroom, the teacher develops twelve types of activities, and the percentage of use of the target language is low.

El presente estudio da cuenta del tipo de actividades desarrolladas por una maestra y la respuesta/participación de los estudiantes del grado noveno en esas actividades. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron identificar y describir el tipo de actividades desarrolladas, la forma como los estudiantes responden a éstas y mostrar el uso de la lengua extranjera en el salón de clase. Para recolectar los datos se usó registro diario de y un diario de campo. Los resultados muestran que en el salón de clases la docente desarrolla doce tipos de actividades y que el porcentaje de uso de lengua extranjera es bajo.
Editorial
Authors: Nieto Cruz María Claudia , Cárdenas Melba Libia
Published: July 2015

We have gathered eleven articles in this second issue of the seventeenth volume of PROFILE journal. They are contributions from Brazil, Colombia, Iran, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.
Perfil de los estudiantes de bibliotecología y ciencias de la información de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez Juan Antonio , Rojas-González Xinia
Published: July 2015

El artículo brinda las características demográficas, académicas, laborales y económicas de la familia, del estudiante de bachillerato de la Escuela de  Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información (EBCI) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el año 2011.  El objetivo propuesto en esta investigación fue elaborar un perfil de los estudiantes que cursaban en ese momento el Bachillerato Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información (BBCI), tomando en cuenta las características mencionadas en las primeras líneas de este resumen. El estudio es cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Cada característica se analiza en forma general y para cinco variables de control. El estudio se basa en un censo en el que participaron 201 estudiantes activos de los programas de bachillerato que ofrece la EBCI. Las principales conclusiones fueron que la población estudiantil mayoría es mujer, esta condición se mantiene en todos los grados que ofrece la escuela; hay mayoría de mujeres estudiantes de las poblaciones rurales, mientras que la población masculina en su mayoría pertenece al área metropolitana. Esta situación afecta a los estudiantes que deben buscar un empleo con el fin de ayudar económicamente a sus familias.
Case Study as teaching strategy in training of students in Library Science
Authors: González Pérez Esteban
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a theoretical basis and some guidelines for implementing the study of cases in the academic training of students of the majors offered by the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Costa Rica. This teaching strategy can be successful in situations in wich the application of theory and practice to study different subjects is required, because these subjects are a product of real situations or problems from work activity and encourage the search for solutions, creativity, negotiation, teamwork, leadership, among many other attitudes and skills. This work starts from the perspective of constructivist that promotes meaningful learning and allows teachers and students to assume different roles in the construction of new knowledge.
Tecnologías de almacenamiento de información en el ambiente digital
Authors: Vázquez-Moctezuma Salvador E.
Published: July 2015

Las bibliotecas han funcionado por mucho tiempo como depósitos de información, a la cual facilitan el acceso recogiéndola y preservándola.  Actualmente el entorno ha cambiado y las bibliotecas se enfrentan al reto de contener un creciente volumen de información digital, de ahí que son necesarias las tecnologías de información masiva. Este trabajo tiene como propósito revisar los métodos de sistemas de almacenamiento de datos masivos, por lo cual se describen y analizan cuatro tipos de tecnologías de almacenamiento en datos: DAS, NAS, SAN y almacenamiento en nube; para ello se utilizó el método documental. Se encontró escasa literatura sobre los sistemas de almacenamiento digital vistos desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la información, razón por la cual se retoman publicaciones del área de ciencias de la computación e ingeniería en sistemas para comprender el tópico. Se concluye que el almacenamiento de los datos en la era digital se lleva a cabo de forma concentrada y distribuida.
Análisis comparativo del estado antropométrico y el perfil sociodemográfico de la población escolar del distrito San Juan del cantón La Unión, a lo largo del periodo 2005-2009
Authors: Barrantes-Montoya Azálea , Calderón-Rodríguez Ashley , Rodríguez-Morales Verónica , Fernández-Rojas Xinia
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de este estudio fue evidenciar las diferencias en la distribución del estado antropométrico de niños escolares de acuerdo a su unidad geográfica. La población analizada corresponde a 1870 escolares de dos escuelas públicas, de primero, tercero y sexto grado, del distrito San Juan del cantón La Unión (Costa Rica). Se utilizaron datos previamente recolectados por el Programa Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Escolar a lo largo del periodo 2005-2009. El estado antropométrico de la población escolar fue evaluado según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) del 2007. La prevalencia del exceso de peso, es decir de sobrepeso y de obesidad, fue de 31,2%, el cual es mayor al reportado nacionalmente (21,4%), según la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de Costa Rica del 2008-2009. El bajo peso fue de 2,9%, el cual es menor al reportado nacionalmente (6,1%). Más de 9 0% de los escolares tenían talla normal en todos los años analizados. Se identificaron diferencias, entre las escuelas, en la prevalencia de exceso de peso, siendo mayor en la escuela 1 (35,6%) con respecto a la escuela 2 (29,7%). El perfil sociodemográfico, la escolaridad y la ocupación del adulto responsable del escolar (padre, madre u otro) fue diferente entre escuelas; esto podría deberse a las barreras geográficas entre comunidades y al desarrollo de distritos aledaños, situaciones que podrían influenciar en el estado nutricional. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que la distribución del estado antropométrico en la población analizada podría estar asociada a la ubicación geográfica.
La percepción de los/as estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires sobre el tratamiento del aborto en la formación médica
Authors: Mines-Cuenya Ana
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del siguiente artículo es indagar cómo es el tratamiento del aborto y su atención, en la Carrera de Medicina de la UBA. Para ello, se hará hincapié en tres dimensiones. La primera, consiste en el análisis de los emergentes de la mencionada Carrera a la luz de las legislaciones, y regulaciones que promueven Derechos Sexuales como parte fundamental de los derechos humanos (DDHH). La segunda estriba en el análisis de tales emergentes en relación a discontinuidades y rupturas con lo que se definirá como Modelo Médico Hegemónico (MMH). Por último, se indagará en las políticas, representaciones y prácticas respecto al misoprostol. Esta investigación es de carácter cualitativo. El corpus analizado consiste en entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 24 estudiantes de la mencionada carrera y en regulaciones vigentes emitidas tanto por organismos médicos nacionales, latinoamericanos e internacionales. Como resultados preliminares, primero, se destacan la escasa permeabilidad en la carrera de las regulaciones vigentes, los conocimientos y actualizaciones farmacológicas expresadas en los documentos emitidos por organismos médicos nacionales, latinoamericanos e internacionales en los últimos 10 años. En segundo lugar, resalta la predominancia de un silencio o vacío en el currículo en relación al aborto. Este silencio no es inocuo, sino que tiene efectos concretos: no garantizar el cumplimiento con el marco de DDHH vigentes en Argentina. Por último, el desconocimiento sobre el misoprostol y su amplia utilidad en el campo gineco-obstétrico refuerza la asimetría en la relación médico/a-paciente y una idea de aborto medicalizado que, por lo tanto, robustece al MMH.
Magnitudes y tendencias de la desnutrición en la niñez argentina durante la primera década del siglo XXI
Authors: Longhi Fernando
Published: July 2015

En este artículo se presentan las principales magnitudes y tendencias que caracterizan a la desnutrición en la niñez argentina en los primeros años del siglo XXI. Para abordar este problema se elaboró un indicador denominado Tasa Integral de Mortalidad por Desnutrición en la Niñez (TIMDN); se trata de un indicador de mortalidad que incluye tanto las causas directas de desnutrición (Kwashiorkor, marasmo, etc.) como aquellas asociadas a este problema, muchas veces contributarias al cuadro nutricional. Se destacan entre estas causas las patologías infecciosas, diarreas, sarampión, parasitismo, bronquiolitis, neumonía, entre otras. El análisis multi-escala diacrónico y sincrónico permitió detectar brechas, asimetrías y comportamientos diferenciados tanto en la escala provincial como regional. En efecto, pudo observarse que, mientras la tasa nacional disminuyó, operaron diferentes comportamientos tanto regionales, con distintas magnitudes y tendencias, como provinciales, con algunos casos incluso de estancamiento y aumento de la desnutrición; esto resulta contrario a lo operado en el marco nacional y relacionado con un proceso de contra-transición epidemiológica señalado para el caso argentino. Con los resultados hallados se espera colaborar en la ejecución de políticas públicas específicas para aminorar y/o erradicar el problema de la desnutrición en las provincias argentinas, atendiendo a las especificidades que le son propias en cada territorio.
Promoción positiva de vegetales en preescolares costarricenses empleando el Kamishibai
Authors: Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Molina-Angulo Ruth , Ruíz-González María José
Published: July 2015

Este artículo presenta la evaluación de la promoción positiva de los vegetales chayote (Sechium edule) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea L), al emplear la estrategia de animación a la lectura conocida como Kamishibai.  Durante el año 2012 en San José, se estudió la actitud infantil hacia los vegetales (positiva, negativa o neutra), y el agrado sensorial que sentía esta población antes de la exposición al Kamishibai y, posterior a la misma; se trabajó conn 213 infantes preescolares entre los 4 y 6 años de edad.  Las evaluaciones de actitud se efectuaron por medio de una entrevista, mientras que el agrado se estudió por medio de un panel sensorial. La exposición al Kamishibai consistió en 10 intervenciones en la forma de sesiones de cuentos, donde se dividieron los infantes en cuatro grupos según género del menor y género del personaje del cuento que promocionó el vegetal.  Todas las actividades se llevaron a cabo en un espacio de juego acondicionado para tal efecto en el salón de clases.  A partir de los resultados obtenidos, puede argumentarse que el uso de la técnica del Kamishibai como técnica de animación a la lectura incrementó significativamente la opinión positiva y el agrado inicial hacia los vegetales en estas personas menores (p<0,05), indiferentemente de su género y del género de las figuras que efectuaron la promoción.
Biogenic amines at a low level of evolution: Production, functions and regulation in the unicellular Tetrahymena
Authors: Csaba György
Published: July 2015

The unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena synthesize, store and secrete biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine, melatonin) and also can take up amines from the milieu. It also has (G-protein-coupled) receptors (binding sites) for these amines as well, as second messengers. The factors infuencing the mentioned processes are shown. For certain amines the genes and the coded enzymes are demonstrated. The amines influence phagocytosis, cell division, ciliary regeneration, glucose metabolism and chemotaxis. There are interhormone actions between the amines, and between the amines and other hormones produced by Tetrahymena. The critical review discusses the role of amines in the early stages of evolution and compares this to their functions in mammals. It tries to give answer how and why biogenic amines were selected to hormones, and why new functions formed for them in higher ranked animals, preserving also the ancient ones.
A yeast two-hybrid screen reveals a strong interaction between the Legionella chaperonin Hsp60 and the host cell small heat shock protein Hsp10
Authors: Nasrallah Gheyath K.
Published: July 2015

L. pneumophila is an intracellular bacterium that replicates inside a membrane-bound vacuole called Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), where it plentifully liberates its HtpB chaperonin. From LCV, HtpB reaches the host cell cytoplasm, where it interacts with SAMDC, a cytoplasmic protein required for synthesis of host polyamines that are important for intracellular growth of L. pneumophila. Additionally, cytoplasmic expression of HtpB in S. cerevisiae induces pseudohyphal growth, and in mammalian cells recruits mitochondria to LCV, and modifies actin microfilaments organization. This led us to hypothesize here that HtpB recruits a protein(s) from eukaryotic cells that is involved in the emergence of the aforementioned phenotypes. To identify this protein, a commercially available HeLa cDNA library was screened using a yeast two-hybrid system. Approximately 5×106 yeast clones carrying HeLa cDNA library plasmid were screened. Twenty-one positive clones were identified. DNA sequence analysis revealed that all of these positive clones encoded the mammalian small heat shock protein Hsp10. Based on the fact that chaperonions are required to interact with co-chaperonins to function properly in protein folding, we believe that HtpB recruits the host cell Hsp10 to appropriately interact with SAMDC and to induce the multifunction phenotypes deemed important in L. pneumophila pathogenesis.
Simkania negevensis: Is it a real respiratory pathogen?
Authors: Kose Mehmet , Ekinci Duygu , Gokahmetoglu Selma , Elmas Tuba , Öztürk Mustafa Kürşad
Published: July 2015

Simkania negevensis, a recently discovered Chlamydia-like organism, has been associated with respiratory infections such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children and adults. The aim of the present study was to evaluate S. negevensis in the etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbation in our region. Overall, 102 patients and 46 healthy controls were included in the study. S. negevensis was investigated by real time PCR (Primer Design, UK) in nasopharyngeal swab samples. It failed to be detected in either the study or control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that S. negevensis is not an important respiratory pathogen in our region.
New records of Imantodes lentiferus (Cope, 1894) (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Frota Jossehan Galúcio da , Missassi Alexandre Felipe Raimundo , Santos-Costa Maria Cristina Dos , Prudente Ana Lucia Da Costa
Published: July 2015

The arboreal snake Imantodes lentiferus (Cope, 1894) is distributed in lowland rainforests of the Amazon basin and Guiana region, reported from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Brazil. In Brazil it occurs in the north and central-west regions, in the states of Acre, Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, and Mato Grosso. This study reports new records of Imantodes lentiferus from Pará and Mato Grosso. These new records fill a large gap in the known distribution of this species.
Intragap States Induced Visible Light Absorption of TiO2 Nanoparticles: En Route to Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Yaghoubi Houman , Casey Thomas M. , Twahir Umar T , Angerhofer Alexander , Fanucci Gail E. , Li Zhi , Schlaf Rudy , Takshi Arash
Published: July 2015

Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas that is a bi-product of industrial approaches to energy production. Forests and nonagricultural lands act as a natural sink for CO2 removal from the atmosphere; however, the amount of emitted CO2 is significantly larger than the capacity of these natural sinks. This is particularly problematic as two cornerstones of our modern world, electricity generation and transportation, hold the largest share in greenhouse gas (such as CO2) emission. This leads to malignant impacts on the natural environment and human life, such as global warming. The obvious approach to reduce the amount of generated CO2 is to limit the use of fossil fuels. However, coal-fired power plants remain the largest source of electricity generation in 2014 and an equally potent and financially reasonable source is yet to be fully developed. Hence, new systems and strategies are crucial for the remediation of CO2. In this work, we present novel TiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized via a facile solution-phase method, which show a significant visible light absorption. The synthesized nanoparticles can be applied towards photoreduction of CO2 for hydrocarbon solar fuels production. A thorough photoemission spectroscopy analysis outlined the energy structure of the materials which uncovered a sub-bandgap absorption in the visible range due to the presence of intragap states. The origins of intragap states were investigated in greater detail using various characterization techniques. An in-depth chemical composition study of the developed material using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the synthesized material is considerably un-doped. Further structural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that distances between visible lattice fringes are matched with ordered crystalline phases of TiO2. The core emission study using XPS revealed that the oxygen vacancy defects in the structure--i.e. likely due the synthesis--are responsible for intragap states formation. Charge dynamics were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR spectra were dominated by signals from oxygen-centered surface hole trapping sites with principle g values [2.003, 2.010, 2.023]--i.e. Ti4+ ˗ O2- on anatase. A faint signal was also observed as a function of visible light illumination at 5 K with principle g value of 1.975 that is suggestive of Ti3+ in rutile, a typical product of UV light exposure. In general, this study demonstrates the potential of a relatively inexpensive material for photoreduction of CO2 and generation of solar fuels.
Characterization of Dipeptide-based Sorbent Materials using Combined Thermodynamic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering Techniques
Authors: Paradiso Daniele , Perelli Cippo Enrico , Gorini Giuseppe , Rossi Giorgio , Larese J. Z.
Published: July 2015

Using a combination of x-ray diffraction, volumetric adsorption and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) the adsorption properties of methane within the channels of L-Isoleucyl-L-Valine (IV) and L-Valyl-L-Alanine (VA) dipeptides have been investigated. These biomaterials have quasi one-dimensional channels of tunable diameters in the range of 3-6 Å and offer possibilities for selective adsorption, as well as, water and gas transport properties. High-resolution volumetric methane adsorption measurements performed near 100K for IV find that this biomaterial exhibits an adsorption capacity of ∼100 m2/g. High-resolution Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) measurements were performed at the Spallation Neutron Source using the BASIS spectrometer with ∼ 3.5 μeV resolution. The data clearly indicate that at least two spectral features at energy transfers near 100 and 200 μeV are present, which suggests a lowering of the hindering potential for methane reorientation primarily about the three-fold axis within the IV channels. Such features play a key role in understanding details concerning the potential energy surface. These thermodynamic and INS studies suggest that the flexibility and dynamical motion within the dipeptide channels may play a significant role in the adsorption properties.
The Orange Order
Authors: Stewart Francis
Published: July 2015

Implicit Religion has long been utilised within academia, and religious studies in particular, as an analytical tool with which to examine and critique commonly held conceptions and iterations of what “religion” is or could be. However there is application potentiality outside of academia for Implicit Religion, and this paper seeks to utilise the power of such an approach to expose the oversimplified use of traditional religious categories in regards to the Northern Irish Troubles. By applying the framework of Implicit Religion, as outlined by Edward Bailey, to the Orange Order this paper seeks to demonstrate how it can provide key insights and understandings to a very complicated and confusing situation. In areas of extended conflict and civil war, religion as an identity marker is often ignored or subsumed within attempts to deal with immediate crises, disarmament and political stability. Using tools such as Implicit Religion could help to bring religion back into the wider picture of the social, political and cultural issues that surround such contexts as Northern Ireland. It should be noted, though, that this paper is not arguing that the Orange Order is a form of Implicit Religion or should even be considered as a new religious movement. This paper is using the tools of Implicit Religion and shining them on to the Orange Order as an example of how those tools can better reveal what is actually going on under the surface.
Studying Religion—Diverse Perspectives
Authors: Hunt Stephen
Published: July 2015

This review article focuses on three volumes that represent varying academic disciplines, and thus different perspectives. Each is fairly representatives of fresh ways of thinking and engaging in what is understood to be the current resurgence of religion and religiosity. Nonetheless, the tenor of the works reviewed varies considerably from conventional theorizing to critical analysis, poetic form, and theological reflection.