bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konstruksi Moderasi Beragama Masyarakat Multiagama (Studi Multisitus Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan, Desa Mojowarno Jombang)
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin , Anshori Isa
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konstruksi moderasi beragama pada masyarakat antaragama, sehingga fokusnya adalah 'Bagaimana masyarakat antaragama di Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan dan Desa Mojowarno Jombang mengkonstruksi moderasi beragamanya? Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologi post-positivis. Untuk menganalisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan model Spreadly. Penelitian ini menemukan: i) masyarakat lintas agama di Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan dan Desa Mojowarno Jombang mengkonstruksi moderasi beragama dengan melakukan eksternalisasi dan penyesuaian terhadap realitas sosial yang berkembang di Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan dan Desa Mojowarno Jombang. Eksternalisasi dan penyesuaian dengan realitas sosial hanya bisa dilakukan oleh individu-individu (orang tua, perangkat desa, ulama, guru dan sebagainya) yang memiliki bekal ilmu dan pengetahuan akal sehat, ii) masyarakat antar agama juga memaknai realitas sosial secara intersubjektif: maka mereka melembagakan dan membiasakan realitas tersebut dalam kehidupan mereka, kemudian mereka mentradisikannya dan mewariskannya kepada keluarga dan lingkungan sekitar, dan iii) masyarakat antar agama menginternalisasi realitas sosial baru yang berkembang dalam masyarakat antar agama di Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan dan Desa Mojowarno Jombang dengan melakukan redefinisi, reinterpretasi dan rekontekstualisasi. Pada akhirnya, individu-individu dalam masyarakat antar agama di Desa Pengalangan Gresik, Desa Windu Lamongan dan Desa Mojowarno Jombang menyepakati sebuah model moderasi beragama baru yang dapat dijadikan pedoman antar masyarakat antar agama, sebelum menjalani proses re-eksternalisasi berikutnya.
CORRELATION OF NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF CKD
Authors: Gunasree R. , R Muddarangappa
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. The global
estimated prevalence of CKD is 13.4%.Persons with CKD are at risk of progressive kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and death. Premature
cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for 43% of all cause
mortality and intend to have elevated levels of inammatory mediators.The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte
Ratio (PLR) in CKD individuals cater information about their inammation status.Since NLR and PLR is readily available from complete blood
count tests, their likeness as a predictor should be investigated in patients with different stages of CKD.This study correlates neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) with stages of CKD. “To correlate betw Aim Of The Study: een Neutrophil to
Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) with different stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).” Materials And
Methods: A Cross-sectional study is done on 76 subjects.The subjects are patients with CKD history who were presented to OPD or were admitted
in Sri Siddhartha Medical College hospital and research center, Agalakote, Tumkur, Karnataka, for a duration of 20 months (August 2022 to April
2024).. Ethical clearance from the institution and consent from the patient is obtained. Subjects with the history of CKD who were eligible for the
study were included after getting informed consent. A detailed history taking and laboratory tests were performed with prepared proforma. Patients
were grouped into stages of CKD based on these eGFR values. NLR and PLR were calculated and correlated to stages of CKD. Out of 76 Results:
participants, 15 were in CKD stage 3; 26 in CKD stage 4 and 35 were in CKD stage 5 and among them 47 participants were on dialysis and 29 were
not on dialysis. Statistical analysis like chi square was applied to nd association between various stages of CKD with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte
Ratio (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR).Results showed that among the participants who are not on dialysis,there is strong positive
correlation between NLR and PLR with CKD stages with statistically signicant p values of 0.034 and 0.002 respectively. Conclusion: NLR and
PLR are simple and convenient markers of inammation. This study showed that there is strong association between high NLR and later stages of
CKD and also strong association between high PLR and later stages of CKD; especially in non-dialysis patients. This indicates that NLR and PLR
can be better predictors of worsening of CKD. Hence, it is necessary to check for NLR and PLR values regularly in the initial stages of CKD and
follow up the patients for better prognostication and management.
THE ANATOMICAL SITE OF PERFORATION PERITONITIS AND THEIR MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE: A CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Barala Garvit , Pandey Sanjay , Pandey Anita , Krishnamurty Krishnamurty , Vishnoi Anshul
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aims to analyze the microbiological distribution, antimicrobial sensitivity, and resistance proles of pathogens in patients with
perforation peritonitis, alongside the role of fungal infections. Material & Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at
Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut, from September 2022 to 2024, involving 150 patients who underwent surgical intervention for
perforation peritonitis. Peritoneal uid samples were collected intraoperatively for microbiological culture, including aerobic, anaerobic, and
fungal organisms. Microbial identication and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed to assess resistance patterns. Patients' demographics,
clinical presentation, and intraoperative ndings were systematically recorded and analyzed. Results: Our study showed that E Coli was the most
common organism. There was no growth in 56% (n=85) samples out of 150 patients. Polymicrobial infection were seen in 36% (n=54) organisms
showed multidrug resistance. Fungal isolates were found in 21% (n= 32) samples however, its clinical signicance remains unclear. Similarly
Anaerobic isolates were found in 13% cases (n=19). The maximum percentage of microbial isolates was seen in cecal (n=3) and Appendicular
(n=5) perforations 100% and 80% respectively whereas the minimum microbial isolates were seen in Rectal (n=3) and Duodenal (n=17)
perforations 33% and 36% respectively. The class of antibiotics showing maximum sensitivity prole 100% (n=65) was of cationic polypeptides
i.e Colistin, while routinely used class of cephalosporins used as empirical antibiotics matched carbapenems in sensitivity spectrum 75.4% (n=49),
lowest sensitivity lied with tetracyclins 47.69% (n=31). It was seen that upper GI organs were having a higher percentage of fungal positivity 69%
(n=9), as compared to lower GI tract isolates. Conclusions: This study provides an in-depth analysis of perforation peritonitis, highlighting
signicant gender disparities, chief complaints, and microbial proles. The higher incidence in males is associated with risk factors such as
smoking and alcohol use. Symptoms like abdominal pain and non-passage of stools underscore the need for timely diagnosis. Blunt abdominal
trauma is a notable cause, warranting prompt imaging. The study advocates for customized antibiotic regimens due to resistant organisms like E.
coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, alongside comprehensive diagnostics for better patient outcomes.
PSEUDORETICULAR NETWORK ON DERMOSCOPY IN FACIAL MELANOSIS
Authors: Jabeen Maha , T. N Revathi.
Published: January 2025

Non invasive Dermoscopy procedure is used for observation and for diagnosis of pigmentation of skin lesions. This technique helps in
differentiating melasma from other hyperpigmentary disorders. Hyperpigmentation involves majorly face and neck, which is common and often
presented with a complex diagnostic problem. Melasma is one of common types of hyperpigmented disorder reported. The characteristic presence
of melasma consists of presence of either single or multiple hyperpigmented patches which are symmetrically scattered over face and extending up
to neck and comprises mainly sun exposed areas. Hence we aim to corelate clinically with dermoscopic features of Facial Melanosis. This cross
sectional, observational study was from August 2022 to February 2024. Patients with facial hyperpigmentation, between 18-70 years of age were
included in the study. Patients who were on topical or oral treatment, with any other skin related conditions, and with co morbid conditions were
excluded. Questionnaire was administered and also local examination of facial melanosis and dermoscopic features was noted. 100 subjects
measurement was taken with age range between 19 – 65 years, Majority (79%) were females. On dermoscopic ndings, pseudoreticular network
pattern, was observed in 58% of patients. 48% of patients had diffusion of light and dark pseudoreticular network alone which was seen in majority.
Depending upon the combination of dermoscopic nding of pseudoreticular network with other dermoscopic ndings in facial melanosis leads to a
diagnosis. Diagnosis can be done based on the combination of dermoscopic nding of pseudoreticular network with other dermoscopic ndings in
facial melanosis. Understanding different dermoscopic patterns is effective for the management and thereby reduce the need of biopsy
PLETHORA (5.25%NOVALURON+4.5%INDOXACARB 4.5% W/V)POISONING - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Saiteja Maramreddy , T Bindu , C Srikanth
Published: January 2025

Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine pesticide which acts by blocking sodium
channels in the nervous system of insects and causes mild tremors,
cessation of feeding, and death in a couple of hours .In humans ,
methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, and contact dermatitis was
noted[1].
A STUDY TO DETERMINE VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: Sehgal Ayush , Agarwal Abhishek , Srivastava Antriksh , Srivastava Piyush
Published: January 2025

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a global health challenge, particularly in India. Vitamin-D, known for
its immunomodulatory effects, has been implicated in TB susceptibility and progression. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Vitamin-D
deciency in TB patients and its association with clinical parameters. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study included 72 TB
patients (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) and 72 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum Vitamin-D levels were measured using the EnzymeLinked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA). Results: TB patients had signicantly lower mean Vitamin-D levels (23.1 ± 7.75 ng/mL) compared to controls
(28.2 ± 8.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Vitamin-D deciency (< 20 ng/mL) was more prevalent in TB patients (52.8%) than controls (26.4%, p = 0.001).
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB patients exhibited similar Vitamin-D proles, with no statistically signicant differences. Conclusion: The
ndings of this study highlight a signicant prevalence of Vitamin-D deciency among tuberculosis patients, emphasizing its association with
more severe clinical manifestations. Strategies integrating Vitamin-D supplementation into TB treatment protocols are recommended.
BRANCHIAL CLEFT FISTULA – A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Yadav Ekta , Sinha Garima , Tanishqua Tanishqua , Saxena Jenya
Published: January 2025

Branchial cyst, stula, and sinuses are the anomalies of the branchial apparatus which consists of ve mesodermal arches separated by
invaginations of the ectoderm called as clefts. The incomplete branchial stula is not an uncommon congenital anomaly of branchial apparatus but
a complete one is rare. Here we discuss a case of 9 yr old child who presented to ENT OPD with discharging sinus on right lateral side of neck since
2 years with on and off episodes.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CONSECUTIVE CASES OF DECORTICATIONS OF PLEURA FOR VARIOUS AETIOLOGY IN LAST 5 YEARS AT RAJENDRA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES RANCHI AND ITS OUTCOME
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2025

Background: Systematic review of consecutive cases of decortications of pleura for various aetiology in last 5 years at Rajendra Institute of
medical sciences Ranchi and its outcome. 60 consecutive cases having collapse of one lung, which were operated and decortications of ipsilateral
pleura was done. Last five years operated patients were included in this study. Empyema thoracis ref Introduction: ers to the accumulation of pus
in the pleural space, often as a complication of pneumonia, thoracic surgery, trauma, or infection. Surgical decortication of thickened pleura by
thoracotomy is a safe and effective operation in suitable patients with minimal mortality and morbidity. Methods: This retrospective review is
based on a single Institution experience between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2023 with 60 consecutive cases, male (n 40) and female (n 20)
surgeries, in which empyema was the primary anatomical diagnosis. Routine Pulmonary function test, CECT Thorax, Bronchoscopy were
performed in every case with routine blood investigations. Open surgical decortication of diseases pleura was the surgical procedure in all the
cases. The diseased removed pleura sent for histopathological examination. Postoperative spirometry and other supportive medications were given
to all the patients. Results: There were good expansion and restoration of lung function after successful decortication. The most frequent
perioperative complications were continuous drainage (10%), residual lung collapse (2%), and recurrence (1%). All patients had improvement in
symptoms and documented by postoperative chest x- ray and sometimes CT thorax as well. Conclusions: Surgical technique through anterolateral
thoracotomy and standard decortication techniques and irrespective of age and gender of the patient without deterioration in outcome quality.
Standard surgical methods can achieve good amount of lung expansion. In recent era of minimal invasive surgery conventional decortication is still
golden and cheap procedure which give equivalent result in expert hands.
IMPACT OF ONLINE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON KNOWLEDGE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE SUBJECT OF PEDIATRICS
Authors: Sonawane Sagar , Patil Akshay , Koppikar Rahul
Published: January 2025

Formative assessments are difcult to implement because of time constraint, scarcity of faculty and inbuilt resistance of faculty to come out of
comfort zone of summative assessment. Online formative assessment can be another option which may save time and generate interest in the
teachers for conducting formative assessment. This study was undertaken to determine impact of online formative assessment on student's
knowledge and motivation. Students from 3rd MBBS were included in the study. Structured Internal Assessment examination of 20 marks was
conducted at the end of three months of their routine academic teaching. Same batch of students were imparted ve online formative assessments
periodically every two weeks during the next three months of academic teaching. Platform used for these assessments was Google form and Google
classroom assignments. After each online formative assessment constructive feedback was given to the students. Internal assessment of 20 marks
was taken for the same batch of students. Motivation of students was assessed by applying Motivated Strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ)
(Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKechie, 1991) before and after periodic formative assessments as pre-test and post-test. The signicance of
difference of distribution was tested using paired- t- test for analysis at 95% condence interval. P- values less than 0.05 was considered to be
statistically signicant. A total of 100 students from 3rd MBBS appeared for the pre- and post-formative assessment internal examination out of
which 40 students also appeared for the questionnaire for motivation assessment. The mean score for the internal examination of students prior and
after formative assessments was 10.22 and 12.29 respectively. This difference was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). The average total score of
students appearing for the MSLQ pre- and post-formative assessment was 157.75 and 163.02 respectively. This difference was also noted to be
signicant (p=0.048). Thus, there was signicant improvement in knowledge of the students after online formative assessments. In conclusion;
Formative assessment is an effective method to enhance learning by increasing knowledge and motivation among students. The online platform
can be effectively utilised for this purpose.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ALBUMIN RELATED RATIOS IN DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Ramesh Nitin , Kini P. Ratnakar , Premkumar K. , Murali R. , Selvi A. Shanthi
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aims to study the differences in prognostic value of albumin-related ratios in decompensated cirrhosis patients Materials and
Methods: A single-center prospective observational study with 520 patients with a history of PPI intake for long term was conducted for 1 year.
The prognostic value of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (MELD) and Albumin related ratios were compared using At 3 months Results:
of follow up, out of 520 patients, 34 (6.9 %) patients had died and 309 (59.4%) patients had atleast one readmission. PTAR, BAR, NAR, AAR, RAR
was found to be more in non-survivors when compared with survivors. The predictive power of PTAR was signicantly higher to other albumin
related ratios in predicting 90 day mortality while that of BAR was higher in predicting the 90 day readmission rate. This study Conclusion:
suggests that in decompensated cirrhosis patients PTAR and BAR may be easy to use prognostic biomarkers in predicting the 90 day mortality and
readmission respectivel
CALCIFIED CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA WITH SUBACUTE PRESENTATION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: K Nayak Kaushal , Chaudhuri Shubhamitra
Published: January 2025

Chronic Subdural Hematomas (CSDH) Are Very Common Following Many Etiologies but Calcied Chronic Subdural Hematomas (CCSDH) are
very rare Ranging From 0.3-2.7% incidence and Less Than 150 Cases Have Been Reported So Far In Literature. Although Diagnosis and
Management of Chronic Calcied Subdural Hematomas Are Not Difcult, many times it poses challenges. We Report A 63-Year-Old Male Patient
with Progressive Right Sided Weakness for 18 months with Computerized Topography (CT) Scan Showed Large Subdural Collection with
Calcications Which Subsequently Underwent Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan and Complete
Surgical Removal.
FLUORIDE: AN EVALUATION AND EVIDENCE ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES - EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Singh Ankul , Bashir Saima , Kumar Joshi Devesh , Pratap Singh Vivek
Published: January 2025

Fluoride is widely present in our surroundings in a variety of forms and has the potential to adversely affect the biological environment and human
health. For teeth and bones to remain healthy, uoride is essential. Although too much uoride might harm an animal's body, it is necessary for
animals to grow and develop healthily. The majority of the state's groundwater is either salty or contains signicant levels of uoride and nitrates.
The neurological system is primarily affected by uoride's harmful effects on the body. Numerous research conducted recently have demonstrated
that uoride might be harmful to macrophages and other immune system components. The kidney, liver, and heart are the delicate tissues that are
most vulnerable to uoride poisoning. Fluoride toxicity researchers have recently become interested in free radicals and oxidative stress. Cognitive
decline, compromised neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity, and metabolic abnormalities are all examples of uoride's neurotoxicity. The
toxicity of uoride large quantities of certain uoride salts can be harmful to the skin or eyes, and soluble uoride salts are toxic in large
concentrations. Age range: 07–14 years old In comparison with the control participants, the uoride content in the serum was considerably
(p<0.001) higher in the severe subjects (519%), moderate subjects (320%), and mild subjects (140%). Between the ages of 15 and 45, the blood
uoride content was considerably (p<0.001) higher in the severe group (5172%), moderate group (268%), and mild group (165%). topics under
control. Age range: 46–75 years old When compared to the control subjects, the severe subjects had signicantly (p<0.001) higher serum uoride
concentrations (694%), followed by moderate subjects (432%) and mild subjects (240%).
The Flood and Kant’s Epistemology against Man’s Alienation in Wallace Stevens’ “The Comedian”
Authors: Benmezal Farid
Published: January 2025

This article examines the connectedness between Wallace Stevens’ idea of a balance between reality and the imagination in his poem “The Comedian as the Letter C” and Kant’s idea that man’s knowledge of the world is always mediated by mental representations. Aware that the decline of spirituality means that man is left alienated in a thoroughly material world, Stevens strives to rescue humanity from spiritual emptiness and to make out of the same reality poetry in which the imagination brings meaning to man’s existence. In this poem, Stevens makes use of the motif of the flood  as an intertextual response to Hegel’s reading of the Greek and  biblical stories of the  flood that places Kant in the biblical tradition in which  man’s submission to God leads to his severance from his reality while the Greek story emphasizes the  harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Owing to the nature of this study, this article relies on close reading, a technique advocated by the New Critics and Julia Kristiva’s intertextuality that insists on the presence of elements of one text within another. This methodology highlights that the flood in “Comedian” is a vehicle through which Stevens rejects Hegel’s anti-Kantianism and insists that Kant’s epistemology is the most suitable philosophical paradigm to create a union between man and nature in a secular age. This union is possible if the poet is able to reach a balance between reality and the imagination.
Normative Ethics and Descriptive Ethics Concerning the Context of Politeness in the ondhagga Tradition in Madura
Authors: Mudhar  , Makinuddin  , Simanjuntak Nensy Megawati
Published: January 2025

Language and ethics are intrinsically linked, with ethics playing a crucial role in ensuring politeness and recognizing social distinctions among speakers. One regional language rich in ethical traditions is Madurese, particularly through a practice known as ondhagga. This tradition emphasizes the importance of speech and grammar tailored to the social position of the person being addressed. In Madurese culture, the speaker must consider the listener's social status to appropriately use ondhagga forms. This research highlights two types of ethics within this tradition: normative and descriptive ethics. Normative ethics focuses on defining the behaviors and values that are considered morally good within a social group, guiding individuals on appropriate actions without making judgments. On the other hand, descriptive ethics describes existing behaviors and their meanings, offering insight into actions without prescribing standards. The study analyzed twenty conversational samples across various contexts using qualitative, phenomenological methods. Data was collected through documentation, and analysis was conducted using data reduction and presentation techniques. To ensure validity, the research employed data triangulation and credibility testing. The aim was to explain how normative and descriptive ethics operate within the ondhagga tradition. The findings emphasize the importance of ethical communication, tailored to context and situation. It underscores that ethics in a language not only applies to Madurese but is relevant across all languages and cultures. Ultimately, language ethics reflects our nobility as human beings, as it shapes respectful communication in everyday interactions.
Unveiling Hidden Meanings: A Semiotic Exploration of Central Java’s Islamic University Logos Through Peirce’s Lens
Authors: Fatin Manar Abdurra'uf , Zulfah Siti
Published: January 2025

In the modern era, logo perception has become crucial as logos serve as visual representations of an institution's identity and values. This research emphasizes the critical role of logo symbolism in shaping the identity and communication strategies of State Islamic Universities (UIN) in Central Java, Indonesia. Despite its significance, there is a notable research gap in the semiotic analysis of these logos, particularly concerning the integration of Islamic identity with local cultural heritage. This study aims to decode the implicit meanings in the logos of UINs in Central Java, examining how these symbols reflect both the universities’ Islamic values and their modern, inclusive identities. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology with semiotic analysis based on Charles Peirce’s semiotics theory and also Cerrato’s color theory, data were collected through documentation techniques from online repositories. The analysis covered logos from UIN Walisongo, UIN Raden Mas Said, UIN Salatiga, UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, and UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid. Findings reveal that each logo carries layered symbolic meanings, incorporating symbols that reflect Islamic values while harmonizing with local culture. Elements such as gunungan, flowers, and color schemes (green, white, yellow, orange, gold, and black) are prevalent, symbolizing a commitment to preserving cultural values and advancing progressive Islamic education. This study highlights the importance of understanding logo symbolism for reinforcing institutional identity and enhancing public perception, offering insights that could strengthen the global competitiveness and appeal of UINs.
Exploring Language Acquisition Development in the Second Cycle of Education in Venezuela: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Marisa Guenardo Velix  , Carlos Fenandes  , Cosmo Brito Monteoro  , Barbara Arbaiza  , Wang Huang Yen
Published: January 2025

This study examines language acquisition in Venezuela's second cycle of education, a critical stage for students aged 12 to 15 as they solidify their proficiency in Spanish and begin to expand their skills in English. This research is vital as it investigates how these methods prepare students for secondary education and a globalized world. The qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations with teachers, administrators, and students to understand the effectiveness of current teaching practices and the challenges faced. The findings reveal a blend of traditional and modern teaching methods in Venezuelan classrooms, particularly the integration of direct instruction and grammar drills with communicative language teaching (CLT). This combination was effective in addressing diverse student needs, particularly in developing strong Spanish language skills. However, the variability in English language proficiency highlighted significant challenges, particularly related to resource limitations and socio-economic disparities. Teachers reported that while traditional methods provided a strong linguistic foundation, the effectiveness of CLT was often hindered by external factors such as inadequate resources and varying levels of student exposure to English outside of school. The study's conclusions emphasize the need for broader educational reforms to address these systemic issues, particularly the need for updated resources, greater access to technology, and enhanced professional development for teachers. The research suggests that while current methodologies are sound, their effectiveness is limited by external constraints. To better prepare students for the globalized world, these challenges must be addressed. Future studies should focus on exploring the impact of socio-economic factors on language acquisition outcomes and the effectiveness of integrating technology in language instruction.
Exploring the Role of “Nasyiatul Aisyiyah” in Enhancing Women's Reading Literacy Skills
Authors: Adiningsih Yulia , Vismaia S. Damaianti  , Yeti Mulyati  , Dadang S. Anshori  , Wawat Srinawati
Published: January 2025

Reading literacy has a very important role for women. Both in a personal context, as well as in the family and community environment. Reading skills allow women to access the information and knowledge needed to improve their self-competence. Women who have good reading skills can play a role in improving the quality of their children's education. This study aims to describe the role of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah in improving women's reading literacy skills and its impact on women's reading literacy skills in Bogor Regency. This research was conducted with members of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah in Bogor Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data is analyzed qualitatively through a comprehensive data identification and analysis process. To ensure the reliability of the data, the researcher used the triangulation method. The results of the study show that the structured reading literacy program initiated by Nasyiatul has successfully contributed to improving women's reading skills, especially Nasyiatul Aisyiyah members in Bogor Regency. This program not only provides benefits in literacy, but also supports the development of broader life skills, so that women become more prepared and empowered in facing challenges in society.
Exploring Thematic Structures and Progression in Self-Help Literature: A Textual Metafunction Analysis of “The 5 Second Rule”
Authors: Putri Gusti Agung Mira Diana , Ayomi Putu Nur
Published: January 2025

Given the widespread appeal and influence of self-help literature, understanding how authors engage and inform their readers through linguistic strategies is crucial. The study aims to explore how thematic structures contribute to the genre’s purpose of motivating and guiding readers. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, involving observation, interpretation, and explanation. The analysis reveals that the most frequent Themes in the text are Unmarked Topical Themes, primarily in the forms of “You,” “I,” and “It.” The text also frequently utilizes Conjunctive Adjuncts as Textual Themes (e.g., "First," "Second") and Modal Adjuncts as Interpersonal Themes. The zig-zag pattern emerged as the dominant Thematic Progression, allowing the author to maintain clarity and engagement. The strategic use of Theme and Mood facilitates an approachable, mentor-like voice, helping to establish a connection with the reader. These findings offer valuable insight into how thematic structures and progression are employed in self-help literature to enhance readability, coherence, and emotional engagement. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the linguistic mechanisms that drive the effectiveness of self-help texts in fulfilling their social and communicative purposes.
Challenges in Accessing Higher Education: A Semiotic Analysis on Gender Stereotypes, Cultural Conservatism, and Economics
Authors: Kurniawan  , Riska Arnas  , Amrizal salida  , Fadlina  , Hamdi  , Maryam
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of logo symbolism in shaping the identity and communication strategies of State Islamic Universities (UINs) in Central Java, Indonesia. Logos serve as powerful visual representations of an institution's identity, blending cultural and religious values. Despite their importance, there is limited research on the semiotic analysis of UIN logos, particularly in terms of integrating Islamic identity with local cultural heritage. This research examines the challenges faced by the Towani Tolotang community in Indonesia, focusing on gender stereotypes, cultural conservatism, and economic barriers to higher education, especially for women. The Towani Tolotang community’s adherence to traditional values often creates a conflict between higher education and cultural preservation, limiting educational opportunities. Gender expectations and economic limitations further exacerbate this issue, with women’s education often deprioritized and financial constraints hindering access to higher education. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing semiotic analysis based on Charles Peirce's theory and Cerrato’s color theory. Data was gathered through documentation techniques from online repositories, focusing on logos from five UINs in Central Java. Findings indicate that these logos incorporate Islamic values while reflecting local cultural heritage, using symbols such as gunungan, flowers, and specific color schemes (green, white, yellow, orange, gold, and black). These logos not only embody cultural preservation but also promote progressive Islamic education. The study underscores the significance of logo symbolism in reinforcing institutional identity, enhancing public perception, and boosting the competitiveness of UINs globally.
Developing Digital Flipbook-Based English Writing Materials for EFL Vocational High School Students
Authors: Waluyo  , Meida Rabia Sihite  , Widia Fransiska
Published: January 2025

English writing skills are pivotal for vocational students and their future careers. To improve students' writing skills, technology development provides access for teachers to create digital learning resources. Moreover, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology requires teachers to integrate technology in the classroom. However, preliminary research found that the teacher was not using technological-based learning resources. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify the needs of twelfth-grade students of vocational schools and to develop digital flipbook-based English writing materials. This study used a Research and Development (R&D) approach, with participants being twelfth-grade students from SMK Negeri 5 Medan. The research procedures followed ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, Evaluation). Instruments included needs analysis, expert judgement, teacher’s review, and students’ response questionnaires. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of needs analysis indicated that most of the students wanted to improve their grammatical accuracy in their writing, After developing the product, the final overall score obtained from the expert, teacher and students was 3.67, categorizing the materials as "very good." The development of digital flipbook-based English writing materials for twelfth-grade students at vocational schools has significant implications for enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in English instruction. The positive evaluations from experts, teachers, and students indicate that these materials, grounded in the ADDIE framework are effective and well-received. This suggests that similar digital tools has potential in transforming traditional teaching methods.
Character Narratives in Indonesian Digital Fiction: A Semi-Digital Stylistics Approach
Authors: Simanjuntak Nensy Megawati , Sarah Prather  , Padmasari Arumtyas Puspitaning , Setyawan Dedy , Tobing Victor MTL
Published: January 2025

Digital fiction is a collection of art texts in the form of short stories and novels that combine technology, virtual space, media elements, and provide access to readers or netizens to carry out certain activities in it. Narratology of Characterization is the initial foundation in research in the field of literary studies. Narratology is a field of study that explains narratives and narrative structures in a discourse context. Narratology of characterization talks about the position or scheme of characters in the story. The position of the character talks about the role and impact of the role of the character. The character gives birth to characterization. Characterization gives birth to implications. Implications provides birth to messages and perspectives that will be captured by the reader. Narratology research in digital fiction is research that aims to explain the position, role, and function of the character and characterization itself. This study found that in digital fiction, characters are dominated by women. Female characters in digital fiction hold various roles and impacts on the roles they play. Not only that, this study also found that all works included in the digital fiction category are works that are ready to be owned by many people. Digital fiction does not only belong to the author but also to the reader who acts as a ghost writer who has the right to make decisions or provide suggestions and criticisms of the contents of the story. The author is still recognized as the creator of the story and netizens still take their position as figures who assess the work subjectively and objectively, subjective because there are thoughts, ideas, personal points of view in assessing a fiction, objective in providing assessments, input, suggestions, and criticisms for the maturity or goodness of the story.
Politeness Strategies in Sasak Language: Avoiding Rudeness in Conversations with Elders
Authors: Sugianto Sugianto , Tawali Tawali
Published: January 2025

This study explores the politeness strategies embedded in the Sasak language, spoken by the Sasak people of Lombok, Indonesia. These strategies reflect deeply rooted cultural norms emphasizing respect and harmony, particularly in interactions with elders. The Sasak people use a linguistic system known as undag bangse/bahase, or “language levels,” allowing speakers to adjust their language based on age, social relationship, and status. Through this system, communication aligns with Sasak cultural priorities, especially the value placed on avoiding conflict and maintaining social cohesion. A central feature of Sasak politeness is the use of indirect and deferential speech, enabling speakers to convey disagreement or decline requests subtly, minimizing confrontation and preserving harmony. This qualitative study, based on interviews with native speakers, reveals how these strategies not only support the diversity of Sasak dialects but also reinforce the community’s core cultural values. The Sasaknese language, influenced by historical and regional factors, remains distinct and resilient, reflecting the cultural heritage of Lombok in a rapidly modernizing world. Sasaknese language practices, marked by respect and indirectness, play a key role in expressing social identity and cultural wisdom, positioning the language as both a means of connection and a symbol of identity. This research highlights the Sasak people’s dedication to preserving cultural values through language, demonstrating how linguistic practices help sustain social harmony and cultural continuity.
Investigating EFL Students’ Perception to Speaking Performance: A Learning Experience through Hallo Application
Authors: Suhardi Fadhilah Auliyah , Sam Hermansyah  , Isumarni
Published: January 2025

The Hallo application, a mobile platform designed to enhance speaking skills by enabling users to connect with English speakers worldwide, has recently garnered significant attention among EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. This study aimed to explore EFL students' perceptions of using the Hallo application to improve their speaking performance. The research involved 15 participants from the Foreign Language Academy at Universitas Muslim Indonesia, all of whom were EFL students. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing questionnaires and interviews as the primary data collection methods. The findings indicate that the students generally perceive the Hallo application as an effective tool for improving their speaking, listening, vocabulary, and pronunciation skills. They reported that the platform creates a relaxed, pressure-free environment that fosters language learning, which may contribute to greater engagement and motivation. However, the study also revealed several challenges, including the presence of excessive advertisements and encounters with inappropriate users, which could potentially hinder the overall learning experience. Based on the findings, the EFL students demonstrated a positive attitude toward the Hallo application and recognized its potential for enhancing their English-speaking performance. These results suggest that mobile applications like Hallo could be valuable tools for language learning, particularly in fostering communication practice in authentic contexts. For future research, it would be useful to explore how the integration of such applications can be further optimized to minimize user-related challenges, such as inappropriate interactions and disruptive advertisements. Additionally, investigating the long-term impact of using the Hallo application on speaking proficiency would provide more insights into its effectiveness and potential improvements.
The Effectiveness of Interactive Educational Technology in Teaching Complex Sentences: A Lesson Learned from Remote EFL Learners
Authors: M. Wahyu Hadi  , Masyudi  , Evi Safitri Yulandari
Published: January 2025

EFL learners often encounter difficulties in mastering complex sentences, especially when they are treated by using conventional teaching methods. This study investigates the effectiveness of interactive educational technology in improving the EFL learners’ grammatical competences of complex sentences at the Institute of Global Nusantara Education. An experimental design was employed in this study. The samples of the study are all students who took Grammatical course at English language education study programe at  the Institute of Global Nusantara Education. The research instruments comprise grammatical tests to see EFL learners’ grammatical competence. The tests are done in the experimental and control groups. Based on the data analysis, the findings demonstrate that the experimental group outperformed the control group, with significantly higher post-test scores (M = 85.6, SD = 5.2) compared to the control group (M = 72.3, SD = 4.8), an F-value of 65.14, and a p-value of 0.021. These results highlight the efficacy of interactive educational technology in not only enhancing students' grammatical competences in writing activities but also boosting their motivation and engagement. Furthermore, these findings have broad implications for diverse educational settings, suggesting that integrating such technology can help bridge learning gaps, especially in contexts with varied access to resources. By addressing these challenges, educators can foster equitable and effective learning environments that support the development of advanced language skills.
Enhancing Non English Students’ Communication Skills through Blended Learning: A Lesson from English for Specific Purposes Lens
Authors: Bidarita Widiati  , Cosmo Brito Monteoro  , Barbara Arbaiza
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of blended learning in enhancing English communication skills among environmental health students, focusing on oral and written competencies essential in professional contexts. The research addresses a significant gap in language education for students in specialized fields, where limited engagement and practical application opportunities in traditional settings often hinder language proficiency development. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 60 students, divided into an experimental group receiving blended learning instruction and a control group following conventional face-to-face methods. Pre- and post-test results revealed that the experimental group demonstrated a 35% improvement in overall communication skills, compared to a 10% increase in the control group. Key gains in fluency, pronunciation, sentence structure, and vocabulary usage were observed. Data from student surveys and instructor observations also indicated higher levels of motivation, engagement, and confidence in the experimental group, attributed to the blended learning model’s flexibility, multimedia resources, and immediate feedback. This study highlights the significant advantages of blended learning for language acquisition in specialized academic fields and recommends its integration into language curricula. Tailored online resources and instructor training are proposed to maximize instructional impact. By addressing the language proficiency challenges in professional education, this research offers valuable insights into effective language learning strategies and supports adopting blended learning in diverse academic disciplines.
Illocutionary Speech Acts of Articulating Commands in the Movie “Marvels”: An analysis of Linguistics Principles
Authors: Kadek Wisnu Mahardika  , Skolastika I Made Perdana
Published: January 2025

Speech acts play a crucial role in human communication, allowing individuals to perform actions through language. The application of speech act is crucial especially in communication because it is an action of communication. Therefore, this study investigates the various forms of illocutionary acts, with a particular emphasis on directive speech acts, as presented in the film "The Marvels" from the Marvel Cinematic Universe. This study uses qualitative methodology to deeply analyze the use of directive speech acts in The Marvels. This qualitative approach is appropriate because it emphasizes a detailed examination of the dialogue, context, and pragmatic functions of language in the narrative. By focusing on the meaning and purpose behind the directive speech acts used by the main characters, this study aims to uncover patterns, relationships, and insights that cannot be easily measured. Utilizing Searle's theory of speech acts, Grice's conversational implicature theory, and the situational context framework proposed by Halliday and Hasan, the research explores the way the characters' dialogues are shaped by these linguistic principles. The analysis focuses on how the context of the dialogue influences the illocutionary force of the characters' interactions, revealing the intricate ways in which meaning is conveyed. The findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding communication in film, showing that the study of language within specific contexts can enhance people’s appreciation of character interactions and narrative development. This research contributes to the broader field of linguistic analysis in literature and offers valuable insights for students and scholars.
Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed in Misan Province, the Southern Part of Iraq
Authors: Jasim Shabeeb Munshid , Hasnawi Sadeq Fenjan , Abbood Hasanain Najm , Kraidi Qayssar Ali
Published: January 2025

The present study was conducted to detect the contamination levels of some mycotoxin (Afla, Orra, and T2 toxins) in broiler feed by using the ELISA test. Twenty feed samples (500gm/ton for each sample) were collected randomly from broiler flocks feeds which are located in Misan province. The present study was conducted to detect the contamination levels of some mycotoxin (Afla, Orra, and T2 toxins) in broiler feed by using the ELISA test. Twenty feed samples (500gm/ton for each sample) were collected randomly from broilers flock feeds which are located in Misan province. The results revealed aflatoxin contamination in 15 (75%) and only (5) samples were free of aflatoxin. The levels of contamination ranged from 0.1 to 28.5 ppb, and only three (15%) of the aflatoxin-contaminated samples exceeded the US-FDA allowed limits. In terms of Orcha toxins, the findings of the examination revealed that contamination occurred in 7(35%) samples out of a total of 20, while 13 samples were clear of Orcha toxins, with contamination levels ranging from (o.4-34.4) ppb. The levels of ochratoxin in broiler feed did not exceed the European Commission's permissible limits, while T2 toxins were found in 8(40 %) samples and (12) samples were free of T2 toxins, with contamination levels ranging from (3.4-158.3) ppr, and the amount of T2 toxin in (2) samples (10%) exceeded the permissible limits.