bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjetividades políticas de la primera infancia en contextos de conflicto armado: Narrativas colectivas de agencia
Authors: Ospina-Alvarado María C. , Alvarado-Salgado Sara V. , Fajardo-Mayo María A.
Published: August 2018

El conflicto armado colombiano es uno de los más largos y más complejos del mundo, y ha tenido importantes consecuencias para la construcción social de la primera infancia. El artículo recoge una investigación enfocada en comprender cómo niños y niñas de primera infancia cuyas familias provienen de contextos de conflicto armado, y sus agentes relacionales, construyen memorias y aportes a la paz. Teóricamente parte del construccionismo social, desde las narrativas colectivas como generadoras de realidades; y de la socialización política, para la comprensión de subjetividades políticas. La metodología es cualitativa, desde la hermenéutica ontológica política -estudios narrativos con análisis categorial, que proponen transformaciones-. Se realizaron 7 talleres creativos con 34 niñas, 26 niños, 55 agentes educativas, 54 madres, 3 padres, 5 abuelas, 1 hermana, y con 6 hombres y 5 mujeres de organizaciones sociales provenientes de contextos de conflicto armado, participantes que actualmente habitan en Bogotá, Manizales, Medellín, Santa Marta y Villa Rica. Los resultados y conclusiones evidencian la construcción relacional de los niños y las niñas, el potencial de las narrativas para su transformación y la emergencia de sus subjetividades políticas.
Adolescentes mujeres y medidas no privativas de libertad: narrativas de una experiencia etnográfica
Authors: Montes-Maldonado Cecilia , López-Gallego Laura , Galeotti-Galmes Raquel
Published: August 2018

Las mujeres adolescentes han sido históricamente invisibilizadas en los sistemas penales juveniles en la medida que existe un modelo hegemónico de infracción adolescente en términos de varón y pobre. Este artículo analiza las particularidades del tratamiento de las adolescentes mujeres en la ejecución de las medidas no privativas de libertad en el Sistema Penal Juvenil Uruguayo. La metodología es cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico siguiendo las técnicas de observación y acompañamiento etnográfico a 4 adolescentes mujeres, análisis de legajos y registro en diario de campo. Los resultados narran las prácticas de control socio-penal dirigidas a adolescentes mujeres, en relación al proceso de autonomía progresiva, la noción idealizada de familia y las transgresiones a la normativa de género que realizan las adolescentes que cometen infracciones. Se concluye que las prácticas de control socio-penal funcionan en la producción y reproducción del género a partir de concepciones estandarizadas en torno a las adolescentes mujeres y sus procesos de autonomía.
On the role of aerosols, humidity, and vertical wind shear in the transition of shallow-to-deep convection at the Green Ocean Amazon 2014/5 site
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Schiro Kathleen A. , Fu Rong , Neelin J. David
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The preconditioning of the atmosphere for a shallow-to-deep convective
transition during the dry-to-wet season transition period (August–November)
is investigated using Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement (ARM) GoAmazon2014/5 campaign data from March 2014 to November
2015 in Manacapuru, Brazil. In comparison to conditions observed prior to
shallow convection, anomalously high humidity in the free troposphere and
boundary layer is observed prior to a shallow-to-deep convection transition.
An entraining plume model, which captures this leading dependence on lower
tropospheric moisture, is employed to study indirect thermodynamic effects
associated with vertical wind shear (VWS) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
concentration on preconvective conditions. The shallow-to-deep convective
transition primarily depends on humidity, especially that from the free
troposphere, which tends to increase plume buoyancy. Conditions preceding
deep convection are associated with high relative humidity, and
low-to-moderate CCN concentration (less than the 67th percentile,
1274 cm−3). VWS, however, shows little
relation to moisture and plume buoyancy. Buoyancy estimates suggest that the
latent heat release due to freezing is important to deep convective growth
under all conditions analyzed, consistent with potential pathways for aerosol
effects, even in the presence of a strong entrainment. Shallow-only
convective growth, however, shows an association with a strong (weak) low
(deep) level VWS and with higher CCN concentration.
Differentiating between particle formation and growth events in an urban environment
Authors: Pushpawela Buddhi , Jayaratne Rohan , Morawska Lidia
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Small aerosols at a given location in the atmosphere often originate in situ from new particle formation (NPF). However, they can also be produced and then transported from a distant location to the point of observation where they may continue to grow to larger sizes. This study was carried out in the subtropical urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, in order to assess the relative occurrence frequencies of NPF events and particle growth events with no NPF. We used a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) to monitor particles and ions in the size range 2–42 nm on 485 days, and identified 236 NPF events on 213 days. The majority of these events (37 %) occurred during the daylight hours with just 10 % at night. However, the NAIS also showed particle growth with no NPF on many nights (28 %). Using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), we showed that particle growth continued at larger sizes and occurred on 70 % of nights, typically under high relative humidities. Most particles in the air, especially near coastal locations, contain hygroscopic salts such as sodium chloride that may exhibit deliquescence when the relative humidity exceeds about 75 %. The growth rates of particles at night often exceeded the rates observed during NPF events. Although most of these night time growth events were preceded by day time NPF events, the latter was not a prerequisite for growth. We conclude that particle growth in the atmosphere can be easily misidentified as NPF, especially when they are monitored by an instrument that cannot detect them at the very small sizes.
Global impact of nitrate photolysis in sea-salt aerosol on NOx, OH, and O3 in the marine boundary layer
Authors: Kasibhatla Prasad , Sherwen Tomás , Evans Mathew J. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Reed Chris , Alexander Becky , Chen Qianjie , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Lee James D. , Read Katie A. , Bloss William , Crilley Leigh R. , Keene William C. , Pszenny Alexander A. P. , Hodzic Alma
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Recent field studies have suggested that sea-salt particulate nitrate (NITs) photolysis may act as a significant local source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over oceans. We present a study of the global impact of this process on oxidant concentrations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) using the GEOS-Chem model, after first updating the model to better simulate observed gas–particle phase partitioning of nitrate in the marine boundary layer. Model comparisons with long-term measurements of NOx from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the eastern tropical North Atlantic provide support for an in situ source of NOx from NITs photolysis, with NITs photolysis coefficients about 25–50 times larger than corresponding HNO3 photolysis coefficients. Short-term measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) at this location show a clear daytime peak, with average peak mixing ratios ranging from 3 to 6 pptv. The model reproduces the general shape of the diurnal HONO profile only when NITs photolysis is included, but the magnitude of the daytime peak mixing ratio is under-predicted. This under-prediction is somewhat reduced if HONO yields from NITs photolysis are assumed to be close to unity. The combined NOx and HONO analysis suggests that the upper limit of the ratio of NITs : HNO3 photolysis coefficients is about 100. The largest simulated relative impact of NITs photolysis is in the tropical and subtropical marine boundary layer, with peak local enhancements ranging from factors of 5 to 20 for NOx, 1.2 to 1.6 for OH, and 1.1 to 1.3 for ozone. Since the spatial extent of the sea-salt aerosol (SSA) impact is limited, global impacts on NOx, ozone, and OH mass burdens are small ( ∼ 1–3 %). We also present preliminary analysis showing that particulate nitrate photolysis in accumulation-mode aerosols (predominantly over continental regions) could lead to ppbv-level increases in ozone in the continental boundary layer. Our results highlight the need for more comprehensive long-term measurements of NOx, and related species like HONO and sea-salt particulate nitrate, to better constrain the impact of particulate nitrate photolysis on marine boundary layer oxidant chemistry. Further field and laboratory studies on particulate nitrate photolysis in other aerosol types are also needed to better understand the impact of this process on continental boundary layer oxidant chemistry.
Our duties in talent management in the light of the results of the International Hungarian Mathematics Competition of 2017
Authors: Veres Erika , Fried Katalin
Published: August 2018

The 4th International Hungarian Mathematics Competition held in Transcarpathia, Beregszász between April 28 and May 1, 2017, was organized by the Hungarian Carpathian Hungarian Teachers' Association (KMPSZ) and the Ferenc Rákóczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute (II. RFKMF).
The venue for the competition was the building of the Ferenc Rákóczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute. 175 students participated in the competition from Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Transcarpathia.
In this article, we are going to deal with the problems given in the two rounds to students in grades 5 and 6, and, in the light of expectations and performance, we make some suggestions for a more effective preparation of talented students on after-school lessons.
Game theory for managers and mechanical manager students
Authors: Dékány Kornélia Éva
Published: August 2018

In this article we describe the second part of a case study, in which 48 Mechanical Management students were involved. The participants of the case study were MSc level students at Szent István University, Gödöllő.
In the case study we looked for methods by which we can support the most important components of competence motivation and the development of mathematical and other key competences during the mathematics lessons and individual learning.
Another goal of our research was to get reliable information about students learning methods and their awareness of self-efficiency, furthermore their achievement in the subject of Engineering and Economic Mathematics.
Detailed assistance was provided for the students in the e-learning portal. Knowledge tests, questionnaire and personal interviews with the students were also used.
During the semester four topics have been discussed: linear programming, graph theory, game theory and differential equations. In this article I will describe the lesson preparations, the help for examinations and the students' achievement on game theory.
Analysis of fixations while solving a test question related to computer networks
Authors: Ujbányi Tibor , Katona József , Kővári Attila
Published: August 2018

Examination of human eye move is useful because by eye tracking and definition of visual attention, may making conclusions about hidden cognitive processes which are harder to examine. With human eye tracking, visual attention can be defined, therefore hidden cognitive processes may be revealed and examined. The goal of the research, presented in this article, to analyze the so called fixation eye movement parameter recorded during a test question related to computer networks. The paper present what significant differences detected between pre-knowledge and the number of fixations using statistical analysis. The results show a moderately relationship between previous knowledge and fixation counts.
Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organisational Performance in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Hashim Azizah , Che Omar Che Mohd Zulkifli , Hamzah Mohd Sahandri Gani , Umar Azmi
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the organizational performance and entrepreneurial orientation of Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Literature has shown that leadership and entrepreneurial orientation are important for organizational performance but still inadequate. Thus, this investigation hopes to close this gap in the literature and contribute to a new understanding of relationships between leadership and organizational performance, and entrepreneurial orientation served as a mediator. This study comprised a sample of owners or managers in the manufacturing and service sectors of SMEs located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, as their largest representation of SME establishments and significant contributions to Malaysia economy. A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationships between leadership behavior, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance among SMEs. The respondent’s lists were sought from the SME Corp. Malaysia at http://www.smecorp.gov.my and http://www.smeinfo.com.my. Data were gathered based on a mailed questionnaire and personal administered questionnaires. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial orientation acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between leadership behavior and organizational performance. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership were found to have a significant relationship with entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance of SMEs. An important implication of this research indicated that both transformational and transactional leadership behavior positively increased the individual outcome and lead to higher organizational performance.
Activating Balanced Scorecard Importance as a Way to Improve the Accounting Education in Jordanian Universities
Authors: Al Frijat Yaser Saleh
Published: August 2018

This study discussed activating Balanced Scorecard (BScs) importance as a way to improve the Accounting Education in Jordanian Universities. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression models, a sample 134 academic staff in the Accounting departments and Managers in Jordanian Universities. The findings of regressions indicated that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between activating of BScs and improve Accounting Education, where a asserted that financial indicators, students, internal processes, learning’s and innovation contribute in performance success of accounting education, in terms of activating internal controls of all revenues and expenditures, and achievement principle of operational efficiency. It also emphasized to pay attention to students, and on providing academic services, and provide students with intellectual skills, personal, ethical, and communication with others, also surveying students, accepts complaints, continuous communication with students after graduation, meeting admission requirements for accounting students. The study also concluded that supporting scientific research culture for academics, paying attention to quality standards that deal with education and updating technology means related to teaching processes.
Negotiating the Post-Revolution Constitution for Tunisia – Members of the National Constituent Assembly Share Their Experiences
Authors: Saati Abrak
Published: August 2018

Though the Tunisian transition to democracy faces challenges seven years following the 2011 revolution and four years following the enactment of the new constitution, the country still constitutes a ‘success story’, especially in comparison to neighbouring states that were also touched by the Arab Uprisings. This paper takes an interest in exploring the Tunisian constitution-making process, and especially the political elite negotiated compromises that took place in the National Constituent Assembly. How were Tunisian religious and secular political forces able to unite and compromise on a constitutional document; what motivated their actions during the constitutional talks? Ideologies, rational pragmatism, self-serving interests or something else? This is a pertinent question that has bearing for other states that are in transition from authoritarian rule, in which religious and secular political parties are struggling to draft the political rules of the game anew. This is a qualitative study, based on interviews with political representatives, from a broad range of Tunisian political parties, who were part of the constitutional negotiations. Their responses suggest that pragmatism and rationality took precedence over ideological positions during the negotiations, and that this was indispensable for a draft to be produced. Despite this, the study argues that ideologies were likely not irrelevant in the minds of the political elites who were negotiating the post-revolution constitution, and that previous agreements and discussions among these elites that were, in fact, based on ideological positions, facilitated the constitutional negotiations that took place in the aftermath of the ousting of Ben-Ali.
The Icon of the Holy Unmercenaries (Greek: Άγιοι Ανάργυροι) Cosmas and Damian, as Bequeathed by Zofia Ruebenbauer, in the Collection of the National Museum in Cracow
Authors: Kruk Mirosław P.
Published: August 2018

In 2011 the National Museum in Cracow received a bequest that had been specified in the last will and testament of Zofia Ruebenbauer from Ottawa. The gift was described as a 19th century Russian icon. Comparative stylistic analysis complemented by restoration work and a material study revealed an exquisite paint layer, for which analogies may be found in the mid-14th-century Greek art of the Paleologian period. The icon was probably painted in the third quarter of the 14th century in one of the centres in northern Greece including Kastoria, Veria, Mt. Athos, Thessalonike and Constantinople itself. The collection of the Byzantine Museum in Kastoria includes many icons of the holy physicians depicted in a similar pose. Iconographical details such as the surgical knives in the hands of the physicians and in the open tool case find close analogies in the 14th-century wall paintings in Peloponnese, e.g. in the Church of Saint Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή, Agia Paraskevi) and Saint John Chrysostom (Άγιος Ιωάννης Χρυσόστομος, Agios Ioannes Chrisostomos) in Geraki, as well as in the Orthodox Church of the Holy Unmercenaries (Άγιοι Ανάργυροι, Agioi Anargyroi) in Nomitsi. The conclusions of the analysis regarding the icon’s provenance find indirect corroboration in the recently discovered fact that in the first half of the 19th century the work of art was owned by Haryklia Mavrocordatos-Serini, Sas-Hoszowska (1836–1906), a member of the Lvov line of the Greek princely family of Mavrocordatos. The names of her children with the exact dates of their birth appear on the reverse side of the icon. The work of art was passed down to Jerzy Ruebenbauer, who carried it away from Lvov during the Second World War, taking it first to Warsaw, where he met his future wife Zofia, and after the war to Canada via Belgium.
Two Orthodox Churches (the Old and the New) of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in Kalisz
Authors: Kunikowska Anita
Published: August 2018

The Kalisz Orthodox church from the 1870s (Fig. 1) was demolished in the interwar period and quickly replaced by a “new” Orthodox church by the same name (Fig. 6). The surviving official correspondence reveals a specific set of arguments for the dismantling of the “old” church, e.g. that it was becoming dilapidated, was a threat to public safety and constituted an alien addition to the architectural landscape of the city. The demolition of the Orthodox church was to provide jobs for the unemployed and to open up the possibility of erecting a post office in that spot. The municipal authorities convinced the Ministry of Culture and Art that the local Orthodox parish was not interested in reclaiming the church for their own needs, even though this was not the case. The community ultimately conceded to having the church dismantled but demanded that a new temple be erected as compensation. The example of Kalisz aptly illustrates the attitude the authorities of the Second Republic of Poland had towards Russian Orthodox churches that had been erected in the partition period. The situation mirrored the controversies around the fate of the Orthodox church in Saski Square in Warsaw, if in a more provincial environment. The architectural style of the “new” Orthodox church in Kalisz puzzles many authors – the building, clearly representative of Russian historicism, is associated with Rundbogenstil and Latin- and Occidental-style Orthodox churches, which were spared by the interwar Polish authorities who wished to convert Orthodox citizens to Catholicism within the framework of the so-called neo-Union.
Memória e imagem nas obras de Juliana Crispe
Authors:   Lugar Específico, Goudel Francine Regis
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo apresenta o processo de criação da artista visual Juliana Crispe (Florianópolis, 1982). As proposições de Juliana apontam direções a serem pensadas com principal base no conceito de memória, e em como as lembranças de sua vida possibilitam o subsidio criador de seus objetos artísticos. O texto apresenta um caráter biográfico, da relação vivida entre autora e artista, e por vezes insinua um tom pessoalizado e afetivo. A maneira de escrita adotada é proposital, pois apresenta um dos fatores disparadores para entrada da obra de Juliana: torna-se parte constitutiva do processo artístico. O fio condutor do artigo é a história de Ireneo Funes, personagem criado por Borges, figura adequada para tecer as analogias e convergências de duas fabulações de memória. Algumas postulações de autores como Henri Bergson, Jacques Derrida e Didi-Huberman, possibilitam ampliar os conceitos abordados e entrar no mundo de ressignificação da artista, oportunizando uma reflexão sobre como as obras surgem e passam a transmitir, de forma poética, toda sua heterogeneidade e anacronismo.
Espaços públicos como espaços políticos: o que isso quer dizer?/Public spaces as political spaces: what does it mean?
Authors: De Castro Iná Elias
Published: August 2018

RESUMOEste artigo se propõe debater as condições para a transformação dos espaços públicos em espaços políticos e responder como isto ocorre. A tese defendida é a de que os espaços públicos são espaços do cotidiano social urbano e não possuem uma essência política, embora possam tornar-se espaços políticos quando invadidos por fenômenos da política que transformam temporariamente suas rotinas e seu público usual. O texto está dividido em três partes. Na primeira, a política é conceituada como um sistema institucional e operacional de resolução de conflitos de interesses, apresentando os riscos da falácia, muito comum na literatura sociológica, de considerar a política como uma esfera abstrata. Na segunda, o espaço político é apresentado como um conceito, que apesar da origem na ciência política, foi apropriado e ampliado na geografia política como espaço de ação das políticas públicas e das leis, mas também dos movimentos sociais e dos atos políticos. Na terceira, são elaborados os argumentos da tese central deste texto, respondendo à questão sobre as circunstâncias em que os espaços públicos podem se transformar em espaços políticos.Palavras-chave: Espaço político; espaço público; mobilizações políticas. ABSTRACTThis article proposes to discuss the conditions for the transformation of public spaces into political spaces and to respond how this occurs. The thesis defended is that public spaces are spaces of everyday urban social and do not have a political essence, although they may become political spaces when invaded by phenomena of politics that temporarily transform their routines and their usual public. The text is divided into three parts. In the first, politics is conceptualized as an institutional and operational system for resolving conflicts of interest, presenting the risks of the fallacy, very common in the sociological literature, of considering politics as an abstract sphere. In the second, the political space is presented as a concept, that despite the origin in political science, was appropriated and expanded in political geography as a space for action of public policies and laws, but also for social movements and political acts. In the third part, the arguments of the central thesis of this text are elaborated, answering the question about the circumstances in which the public spaces can turn into political spaces.Keywords: Political space; public space; political mobilizations.
Espaços públicos e vida noturna/Public spaces and night life
Authors: Góis Marcos Paulo Ferreira de
Published: August 2018

RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é discutir alguns aspectos da relação entre a vida noturna e os espaços públicos de uma grande cidade. Trata-se de demonstrar a importância do espaço para a existência de práticas sociais democráticas que envolvem um público durante o período noturno. A partir da observação do caso do Rio de Janeiro notou-se padrões de organização das práticas, dos conflitos e das negociações que falam sobre a emergência dos espaços públicos como cenários para a vida noturna.Palavras-chave: noite; práticas sociais; publicidade. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to discuss some aspects of the relationship between nightlife and public spaces of a big city. The attempt is to demonstrate the significance of space for the existence of democratic social practices between a public during the night. From the observation of the case of Rio de Janeiro, practices, conflicts and negotiations patterns were noted and helped to think about the emergence of public spaces as a scenery for nightlife.Keywords: night; social practices; publicity.
Modelos de democracia e espaços políticos: o caso da democracia participativa/Models of democracy and political spaces: the case of participatory democracy
Authors: Azevedo Daniel Abreu
Published: August 2018

RESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo principal trazer o conceito de espaço político e sua relação com o sistema político democrático, analisando, especificamente, o caso dos Conselhos Municipais e o modelo da democracia participativa. A partir dessa discussão teórico-conceitual, busca-se lançar luz, através de uma perspectiva geográfica, sobre a forma de governo que, ao mesmo tempo em que se expande no mundo, também tem sua legitimidade questionada. A partir de pesquisa empírica desenvolvida nos Conselhos Municipais do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2015-2016, o artigo analisa especificamente o caso dos Conselhos Tutelares e questiona a legitimidade democrática dessas novas instituições brasileiras.Palavras-chave: espaço político, democracia participativa, Conselhos Municipais, Conselhos Tutelares, Rio de Janeiro. ABSTRACTThe main objective of this article is to bring the concept of political space and its relation to the democratic political system, specifically analyzing the case of Municipal Councils and the model of participatory democracy. From this theoretical-conceptual discussion, we seek to highligh, through a geographical perspective, the form of government that, at the same time it expands in the world, also it has its legitimacy questioned. Based on empirical research developed in the Municipal Councils of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2015-2016, the article specifically analyzes the case of the Tutelary Councils and the democratic legitimacy of these new Brazilian institutions.Keywords: political space, participatory democracy, Municipal Councils, Tutelary Councils, Rio de Janeiro.
Hydraulic modeling of megaflooding using terrestrial and Martian DEMs
Authors: Liu Tao , Baker Victor R
Published: August 2018

Megaflooding generated from Glacial Lake Missoula (GLM) during the late Pleistocene, swept across the Columbia Plateau and Columbia Basin regions of the northwestern U.S., producing the Channeled Scabland, an assemblage of landforms comprising a regional anastomosing complex of overfit stream channels scoured into basalt bedrock. This region provides the best-studied example of a landscape created by catastrophic flooding. Using DEM data and the HEC-RAS 2-D hydraulic model, we analyzed the GLM flood propagation from the Clark Fork in northern Idaho to the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the GLM flood simulation generally covers the tracts of the Channeled Scabland and captures the paleohydraulic conditions that have been inferred in the field and documented by previous hydraulic studies. A test simulation on the Columbia Gorge suggest the other sources of water besides Lake Missoula may have been involved in producing the megaflooding. Initial hydraulic analyses for the megafloods and their relations to the field evidence provide important insights into cataclysmic flood processes and associated landforms.
СВОЙСТВА НИТРИДОВ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ АММОНОЛИЗОМ МАГНИЕТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ПОРОШКОВ НИОБИЯ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Орлов В.М. , Осауленко Р.Н.
Published: August 2018

Исследовано влияние величины удельной поверхности мезопористых магниетермических порошков ниобия и условий аммонолиза на характеристики образующихся продуктов. Аммонолизу в интервале температур 400-800 °C подвергали порошки с удельной поверхностью 18, 83 и 123 м2/г. Установлено, что при аммонолизе порошков с удельной поверхностью 83 и 123 м2/г вначале образуется оксинитрид NbON, который при температуре 700 °C переходит в NbN с гранецентрированной кубической решеткой. При аммонолизе порошка с удельной поверхностью 18 м2/г полученный нитрид NbN имеет гексагональную плотно упакованную структуру.
УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ОКСОГИДРОФОСФАТОВ ТИТАНА(IV) В ВОДНЫХ СРЕДАХ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Корнейков Р. И. , Аксенова С. В. , Иваненко В.И. , Локшин Э.П.
Published: August 2018

Изучена гидролитическая устойчивость оксогидрофосфатов титана(IV) в зависимости от их состава, способа синтеза, а также природы и концентрации электролита. Химическая устойчивость синтезированных соединений увеличивается при увеличении концентрации электролита и уменьшении степени гидратации катионов металла в растворе, а также при модифицировании составов катионами металлов, отличающихся от титана(IV) по кислотно-основным свойствам. Определены условия, обеспечивающие максимальную гидролитическую устойчивость гидратированных оксогидрофосфатов титана(IV).
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФАЗООБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ФАЗОВЫЕ ПЕРЕХОДЫ В НЕСТЕХИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ КЕРАМИКАХ ТИТАНАТА НАТРИЯ-ВИСМУТА, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Политова Е.Д. , Мосунов А.В. , Стребков Д. А. , Голубко Н.В. , Калева Г.М. , Логинов Б.А. , Логинов А. Б. , Стефанович С.Ю.
Published: August 2018

Изучены особенности фазообразования, микроструктура, диэлектрические и сегнетоэлектрические свойства нестехиометрических керамик (Na0.5-xBi0.5) TiO3 и (Na0.5Bi0.5+x)TiO3 с отношением Na/Bix = 0 - 0.1. Установлено уменьшение размера зерен керамик при увеличении x. На температурных зависимостях диэлектрической проницаемости изученных образцов выявлены аномалии вблизи ~400 K и пики при ~600 K, соответствующие сегнетоэлектрическим фазовым переходам. Фазовые переходы вблизи 400 K демонстрируют выраженное релаксорное поведение, указывающее на присутствие полярных областей в неполярной матрице, подтверждаемое данными метода генерации второй гармоники лазерного излучения. В образцах (Na0.5Bi0.5+x)TiO3 с x > 0,05 выявлены также аномалии вблизи 900 К, подтверждающие присутствие примесной фазы Bi4Ti3O12, сопровождающееся увеличением спонтанной поляризации этих образцов.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КАДМИЯ НА РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КАЛИЯ, КАЛЬЦИЯ, МАГНИЯ И АККУМУЛЯЦИЮ ОКСАЛАТА В РАСТЕНИЯХ AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS L., "Физиология растений"
Authors: Осмоловская Н. Г. , Ву Вьет Зунг , Кудряшева З. К. , Кунаева Л. Н. , Попова Н.Ф.
Published: August 2018

Исследовано влияние кадмия в концентрациях 1 и 10 мкМ на прирост биомассы, аккумуляцию элементов минерального питания (калия, кальция, магния) и пулы щавелевой кислоты в органах растений амаранта метельчатого (Amaranthus cruentus L.) в условиях водной культуры. Установлено, что в испытанных концентрациях кадмий не оказывал выраженного повреждающего действия на растения амаранта, что отчасти было связано с его преимущественной аккумуляцией на уровне корней и минимизацией переноса в ювенильные листья. Продемонстрировано, что в сублетальных концентрациях кадмий провоцировал ростовую реакцию в надземных органах амаранта, выразившуюся в стимуляции роста ювенильных розеточных листьев при одновременном торможении ростовых процессов в зрелых листьях. Полученные результаты обсуждаются с позиции обусловленности ростового ответа растений на действие кадмия метаболическим откликом, функциональным проявлением которого явилась интенсификация углеродного обмена и увеличение содержания водонерастворимого оксалата в листьях амаранта. Одновременно наблюдаемое увеличение концентраций Ca2+ и Mg2+ в ювенильных и зрелых листьях амаранта рассматривается как дополнительное свидетельство в пользу ускорения темпов онтогенеза листа под влиянием сублетальных доз кадмия.
ОПАСНОСТЬ ПОДВОДНОГО ОПОЛЗНЯ ЗАПАДНЕЕ АРХИПЕЛАГА ШПИЦБЕРГЕН, "Литология и полезные ископаемые"
Authors: Мазарович А.О. , Мороз Е. А. , Зарайская Ю.А.
Published: August 2018

В статье дано описание рельефа, системы открытых трещин, оползневых процессов западнее архипелага Шпицберген в районе хребта Вестнесса по данным экспедиций НИС “Академик Николай Страхов”. Приводятся данные о сейсмичности, газовых факелах, газоподводящих каналах и газовых воронках по опубликованным источникам. На основании анализа всей информации делается вывод о том, что западнее архипелага Шпицберген сложились условия для начала движения крупного подводного оползня.
ГИБРИДНЫЙ АДСОРБЕНТ НА ОСНОВЕ СОПОЛИМЕРА 4-ВИНИЛПИРИДИНА С 2-ГИДРОКСИЭТИЛМЕТАКРИЛАТОМ И КРЕМНИЙОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ТИОКАРБАМИДА, "Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов"
Authors: Лебедева О.В. , Сипкина Е.И. , Пожидаев Ю.Н.
Published: August 2018

Изучена адсорбция платины(IV) в солянокислых растворах композита на основе N,N-бис(3-три­этоксисилилпропил)тиомочевины и сополимера 4-винилпиридина с 2-гидроксиэтилметакрилатом. Значение статической адсорбционной емкости композита по платине(IV) составило 215 мг/г. Для описания природы адсорбции использованы модели Ленгмюра, Фрейндлиха, Дубинина-Радушкевича. Кинетику адсорбции оценивали с помощью моделей Бойда-Адамсона, псевдопервого и псевдовторого порядка, уравнения Еловича.
НЕОДНОРОДНЫЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ И ТОЧКА ПЕРЕГИБА НА ИЗОТЕРМАХ ПОЛИСЛОЙНОЙ АДСОРБЦИИ, "Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов"
Authors: Зайцева Е.С. , Товбин Ю.К.
Published: August 2018

Дан анализ положения точки перегиба для изотерм полислойной адсорбции, которая традиционно используется для определения удельной поверхности многих дисперсных систем. Рассмотрены зависимости положения точки перегиба от молекулярных параметров адсорбционной системы и степени неоднородности поверхности. В качестве примера неоднородной поверхности рассматривается шероховатость, сформированная в ходе быстрого охлаждения капли. Граница раздела капли пар - жидкость формирует тепловую неоднородность поверхности, на которой после охлаждения происходит адсорбция молекул газовой фазы. Обсуждаются условия использования точки перегиба для оценки удельной поверхности образцов кремнезема при адсорбции аргона и азота и различия между емкостью монослоя из изотермы и полного заполнения самого монослоя по степени заполнения поверхностных центров.
РАЗВИТИЕ СПОСОБА УРАВНЕНИЙ СВЯЗИ ДЛЯ РЕНГЕНОФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОГО АНАЛИЗА МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ПРИ НАЛИЧИИ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЯЕМЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, "Журнал аналитической химии"
Authors: Гармай А. В. , Осколок К.В.
Published: August 2018

Предложены новые уравнения связи, основанные на использовании отношений интенсивностей спектральных линий и пиков когерентно и некогерентно рассеянного характеристического излучения рентгеновской трубки. Показана перспективность их применения для рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа объектов, содержащих неопределяемые легкие элементы. Предложенный способ обеспечивает высокую точность определения и позволяет проводить анализ в отсутствие адекватных образцов сравнения. Способ апробирован на примере анализа стандартных образцов бронзы и образцов железорудных материалов.
КЛОТРИМАЗОЛ-СЕЛЕКТИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОД И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ, "Журнал аналитической химии"
Authors: Егоров В.В. , Юреня А. В.
Published: August 2018

Изучено влияние условий выполнения измерений и природы пластификатора мембраны ионселективного электрода (орто-нитрофенилоктиловый эфир, динониладипинат, дибутилфталат) на основные рабочие характеристики клотримазол-селективных электродов с поливинилхлоридными ионообменными мембранами, содержащими тетракис(4-хлорфенил)борат калия в качестве ионообменника. Установлено, что введение в водный раствор небольших (до 20%) добавок этанола приводит к существенному улучшению стабильности потенциала и расширению рабочего диапазона функционирования электродов. Все изученные электроды обладают высокой селективностью к клотримазолу относительно как неорганических, так и органических катионов, близким к теоретическому наклоном электродной функции и низкими пределами обнаружения (5.0 10-8-7.5 10-8 M). По совокупности характеристик лучшим оказался электрод с мембраной, пластифицированной орто-нитрофенилоктиловым эфиром. Показана возможность определения клотримазола в модельных растворах и в различных лекарственных формах (спрей, крем, свечи, таблетки) в вариантах прямой потенциометрии и потенциометрического титрования тетрафенилборатом натрия. Предложенные методики отличаются высокой экспрессностью (10-15 мин) и хорошей воспроизводимостью (относительное стандартное отклонение не превышает 1.2%).
РОЛЬ ПОДКРЕПЛЕНИЯ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ И ПАМЯТИ: КОДИРОВАНИЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И МОТИВАЦИОННЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ, ФУНКЦИИ МЕДИАТОРНЫХ И МОДУЛЯТОРНЫХ СИСТЕМ МОЗГА, "Успехи физиологических наук"
Authors: Базян А. С.
Published: August 2018

Приводится определение термина подкрепление. Анализируются экспериментальные данные по исследованию процессов подкрепления, эмоционально положительных и эмоционально отрицательных состояний, самостимуляции, самовведения и контроля введения наркотиков и консолидации этих процессов. Основная идея статьи сводится к представлению о том, что не бывает обучения и/ или тренировки, а также запоминания (консолидации) без изменения метаболизма клеток, процессов фосфорилирования и дефосфорилирования, модификации активности рецепторов и каналов, без трансдукционного сигнала и модификации экспрессии генов. Не бывает даже длительной модификации синаптической передачи без этих процессов. Эти внутриклеточные молекулярно-химиче-ские реакции являются молекулярно-химическим кодом, который формирует, кодирует и передает модуляторную (с помощью нейромодуляторов) информацию об эмоциональном и мотивационном состояниях. То есть не бывает обучения и/или тренировки, консолидации без эмоционального или мотивационного состояния, то есть без подкрепления.
РОЛЬ ГЛУТАМАТЕРГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ, "Успехи физиологических наук"
Authors: Перфилова В. Н. , Тюренков И. Н.
Published: August 2018

В обзоре представлены данные, свидетельствующие об участии глутаматергической системы структур переднего, среднего, продолговатого и спинного мозга в регуляции кровообращения. Агонисты и антагонисты ионо- и метаботропных глутаматных рецепторов гипоталамуса, периакведуктальной области, миндалины, вентральной тегментальной области, ядра солитарного тракта, ростральной вентролатеральной медуллы, спинальных нейронов вызывают изменения артериального давления, частоты сердечных сокращений и активности в симпатических нервах. Глутаматергическая система играет существенную роль в рефлекторной регуляции работы сердца и сосудов.
ПРОТЕОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ХИМОТРИПСИНА, ИММОБИЛИЗОВАННОГО НА НАНОЧАСТИЦАХ СЕЛЕНА, "Прикладная биохимия и микробиология"
Authors: Плющенко А. В. , Боровикова Л.Н. , Писарев О.А.
Published: August 2018

Химотрипсин иммобилизовали в составе гибридных органо-неорганических нанокомплексов на наночастицах селена в реакции восстановления селенистой кислоты аскорбиновой кислотой. Химотрипсин стабилизировал в растворе наночастицы селена. Изучены спектральные характеристики синтезированных нанокомплексов и протеолитическая активность иммобилизованного химотрипсина. Показано, что в щелочной среде иммобилизованный фермент обладал повышенной протеолитической активностью.
РОЛЬ ГЕНОВ КАЛЬЦИЙ-ЗАВИСИМЫХ ПРОТЕИНКИНАЗ CPK16, CPK25, CPK30 И?CPK32 В?БИОСИНТЕЗЕ СТИЛЬБЕНОВ И?СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВИНОГРАДА VITIS AMURENSIS RUPR., "Прикладная биохимия и микробиология"
Authors: Дубровина А. С. , Алейнова О.А. , Маняхин А.Ю. , Киселёв К.В.
Published: August 2018

Изучены функции четырех генов CDPK винограда Vitis amurensis Rupr. в формировании высокой стрессоустойчивости и продукции ценных вторичных метаболитов этим растением. Установлено, что сверхэкспрессия гена CPK30 из V. amurensis значительно повышала устойчивость трансгенных клеточных линий винограда к солевому и холодовому стрессам, в то время как сверхэкспрессия генов CPK16, CPK25 и CPK32 не влияла на устойчивость к солевому, холодовому и тепловому стрессам. Сверхэкспрессия генов VaCPK16 и VaCPK32 увеличила продукцию стильбенов в культурах клеток V. amurensis в 2.1-3.1 и 1.6-3.1 раза соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что ген VaCPK30 вовлечен в формирование устойчивости винограда к солевому и холодовому стрессам, а гены VaCPK16 и VaCPK32 способствуют повышенному синтезу стильбенов.
Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Gallium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Battu Anil K. , Ramana Chintalapalle V.
Published: August 2018

Nanocrystalline and amorphous Ga2O3 films (≈200 nm) with variable structural quality are produced by sputter‐deposition by varying the substrate temperature (Ts = 25–700 °C). The effect of Ts is significant on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ga2O3 films. The variation in mechanical behavior studied by nano‐indentation and nano‐scratch testing reveal distinct trends, which are directly related to the structure and morphology of Ga2O3 films. All the Ga2O3 films deposited at Ts < 500 °C are amorphous; the amorphous‐to‐crystalline transformation occurs at Ts = 500 °C. Ga2O3 films deposited at Ts ≥ 500 °C are nanocrystalline, β‐phase. The corresponding mechanical characteristics, namely the hardness (H) and elastic modulus (Er), show a strong correlation with structural characteristics. The H and Er increases from 17 to 27 GPa and 250 to 290 GPa, respectively, with increasing Ts from 25 to 700 °C. The plasticity index, which is the ratio of H/Er, is almost constant for the Ga2O3 films. The strain‐rate sensitivity measurements performed to determine the applicability in practical applications indicate the best performance of size controlled, nanocrystalline Ga2O3 films, which can be mechanically regarded as nano‐composite structures. The mechanical characteristics, scratch behavior, and strain rate sensitivity indicate the role of microstructure on the mechanical performance of Ga2O3 films.
Surface‐Reactive Patchy Nanoparticles and Nanodiscs Prepared by Tandem Nanoprecipitation and Internal Phase Separation
Authors: Varadharajan Divya , Turgut Hatice , Lahann Joerg , Yabu Hiroshi , Delaittre Guillaume
Published: August 2018

Nanoparticles with structural or chemical anisotropy are promising materials in domains as diverse as cellular delivery, photonic materials, or interfacial engineering. The surface chemistry may play a major role in some of these contexts. Introducing reactivity into such polymeric nanomaterials is thus of great potential, yet is still a concept in its infancy. In the current contribution, a simple nanoprecipitation technique leads to nanoparticles with diameters as low as 150 nm and well‐defined reactive surface patches of less than 30 nm in width, as well as surface‐reactive flat, disc‐like nanoparticles with corresponding dimensions, via an additional crosslinking/delamination sequence. To this aim, chemically doped block copolymers (BCPs) are employed. Control over morphology is attained by tuning preparation conditions, such as polymer concentration, solvent mixture composition, and blending with non‐functional BCP. Surface reactivity is demonstrated using a modular ligation method for the site‐selective immobilization of thiol molecules. The current approach constitutes a straightforward methodology requiring minimal engineering to produce nanoparticles with confined surface reactivity and/or shape anisotropy.
Dielectric Dispersion and High Field Response of Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Ahmed Faisal , Heo Sunwoo , Yang Zheng , Ali Fida , Ra Chang Ho , Lee Ho‐In , Taniguchi Takashi , Hone James , Lee Byoung Hun , Yoo Won Jong
Published: August 2018

The dielectric dispersion of a material holds significant importance for the understanding of basic material characteristics and the design parameters of a functional device. Here, the dielectric dispersion characteristics of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using time domain reflectometry under an extended device operating frequency range up to 100 MHz are studied. Contrary to what is previously reported, the capacitance, hence the effective dielectric constant, of hBN decreases with the increase of frequency above the MHz range, indicating heat dissipation in lossy hBN dielectric. Furthermore, hBN shows stubborn dielectric characteristics with temperature changes that confirm its thermal stability in extreme operating conditions. The charge carriers in hBN are transported by Fowler–Nordhiem tunneling with increasing the electrical field. Lastly, hBN endures electrical field of 7.8 MV cm−1 that implies its potential use as a promising dielectric material. These results will benefit the research and development of hBN supported high‐speed electronics operated at high‐frequency conditions for energy‐efficient device applications.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective N2‐Alkylation of Benzotriazoles with Diazo Compounds/Enynones via a Nonclassical Pathway
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Ping , Ji Danqing , Zhang Xinhao , Xu Guangyang , Sun Jiangtao
Published: August 2018

A novel rhodium‐catalyzed highly selective N2‐alkylation of benzotriazoles with diazo compounds/enynones is achieved, providing N2‐alkylated benzotriazoles in good to excellent yields and with excellent N2 selectivities. Importantly, different to traditional carbene insertion into X−H (X=N, O etc) bonds, DFT calculations disclose that this selective N2‐alkylation probably proceeds through a formal 1,3‐ rather than 1,2‐H shift to give the final products.
Cobalt–Nitrogen‐Doped Helical Carbonaceous Nanotubes as a Class of Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Fan Xing , Lei Haitao , Qi Jing , Li Youyong , Gao Jinpeng , Huo Meiling , Yuan Haitao , Zhang Wei , Lin Haiping , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui
Published: August 2018

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of significant importance in the development of fuel cells. Now, cobalt–nitrogen‐doped chiral carbonaceous nanotubes (l/d‐CCNTs‐Co) are presented as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The chiral template, N‐stearyl‐l/d‐glutamic acid, induces the self‐assembly of well‐arranged polypyrrole and the formation of ordered graphene carbon with helical structures at the molecular level after the pyrolysis process. Co was subsequently introduced through the post‐synthesis method. The obtained l/d‐CCNTs‐Co exhibits superior ORR performance, including long‐term stability and better methanol tolerance compared to achiral Co‐doped carbon materials and commercial Pt/C. DFT calculations demonstrate that the charges on the twisted surface of l/d‐CCNTs are widely separated; as a result the Co atoms are more exposed on the chiral CCNTs. This work gives us a new understanding of the effects of helical structures in electrocatalysis.