bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANUAL AND YAG-LASER ANTERIOR CAPSULORHEXIS SURGERY OF CONGENITAL ECTOPIA OF THE LENS IN MARFAN SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Kruglova T. B. , Arestova N. N , Egiyan N. S
Published: September 2020

Purpose. is to optimize the tactics of performing anterior capsulorhexis in children with congenital lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome with the use of manual and YAG - laser technique. Material and methods. There were observed 25 patients (34 eyes) aged 4 to 11 years old with lens subluxation: 7 children (10 eyes) with congenital cataract and 18 patients (24 eyes) of the clear crystalline lens in Marfan syndrome. The degree of ectopia was different: 14 eyes - 1 degree, 16 eyes-2 degree and 4 eyes-3 degree of crystal ectopia. Manual circular continuous capsulorexis performed 15 eyes in 12 childrens, YAG-laser capsulectomy-19 eyes in 13 children. Results. Use of YAG - laser equipment allowed to excise planned part of of the anterior capsule without mechanical pressure on not fixed lens. Full of YAG-laser anterior capsulorhexis could not be executed in eyes with 3 degree subluxation of the lens (a significant portion of the anterior capsule is covered with an iris). Manual method allowed to execute anterior capsulorhexis at any degree of subluxation of the lens, but required multiple manipulations on the anterior capsule because of clinical and anatomical features anterior capsule in eyes with subluxation of the lens, which significantly prolonged the time of surgery, increasing the risk of developing exudative and proliferative reactions. YAG - laser anterior capsulotomy (dissection of the anterior capsule by YAG laser) with the completion of capsulotomy with the help of instrumental method increases the quality of the surgery. Conclusion.To perform anterior capsulorhexis in children with lens subluxation 1 and 2 degrees can be applied a manual and YAG-laser methods, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages.
HEREDITARY MACULAR DYSTROPHIES. PART 1. DYSTROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH DYSFUNCTION OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS
Authors: Katargina L. A , Denisova E. V , Osipova Natal’ja A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose - to acquaint the reader with a relatively rare heterogeneous group of diseases - hereditary macular dystrophies associated with damage to cells of retinal pigment epithelium and external segments of photoreceptors. А review of the literature based on publications from the Medline scientific medical articles database is presented. The review includes a description of the clinical picture, consideration of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the main juvenile macular dystrophies, illustrated by own clinical examples.
NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL ANOPHTHALMOS AND MICROPHTHALMOS WITH METHOD OF STEP-BY-STEP PROSTHETICS
Authors: Filatova I. A
Published: September 2020

Purpose. to present new opportunities in the rehabilitation of children with congenital anophthalmos and microphthalmos with method of step-by-step prosthetics. Material and methods. the analysis of clinical material for 3 years (2015-2017) on the basis of ocular prosthetics office of Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases. The clinical group consisted of 155 children: with congenital anophthalmos - 59 patients and microphthalmos - 96 patients (bilateral microphthalmos (9), bilateral anophthalmos (5)). The age of patients ranged from 1 month to 11 years. Under the age of 1 year, there were 82 children (53%). The identified dynamics in the age category of children significantly increased the number of patients under the age of 1 year who were treated for primary ocular prosthetics (53% for 2015-2017. versus 20.2% for 2000, 2013). Results. all 155 patients were treated for dilatation of the conjunctival cavity by the method of step-by-step eye prosthetics. To step eye prosthesis used set increasing in size retail, which can be varied in 3-4 weeks as stretching of soft tissues. In congenital anophthalmos to achieve stable results were performed from three to 6-7 replacement of the eye prosthesis, in congenital microphthalmos, depending on the size of the eye 4-6 replacement of the eye prosthesis. The volume of eye prosthesis used for 3 years increased by 4-5 times, respectively, noted an increase in the size of the conjunctival cavity, eyelids and the size of the orbit. Conclusion. The possibility of frequent and timely replacement of the medical eye prosthesis ensures the gradual formation of an adequate conjunctival cavity, and, accordingly, the development of bone orbit and eyelids. This treatment tactics promotes both functional and cosmetic rehabilitation of patients of early childhood with congenital anophthalmos and microphthalmos.
General anesthesia without opioids in surgery for morbid obesity. What for and how?
Authors: Epshtein Sergey L. , Azarova T. M , Storozhev V. Yu , Vdovin V. V , Sablin I. A , Romanov B. V , Martynov A. N
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the experience of applying the technique of general opioid-free anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in bariatric laparoscopic surgery that was developed by Belgian specialists. Thirty patients with body mass index of 48±5,3 kg/M2 were operated using this technique. All of the patients underwent laparoscopic longitudinal gastrectomy. Anesthesia was induced using propofol 230±25 mg and maintained by sevoflurane in concentration of 0,7-0,9 MAC combined with 50%-65% nitrous oxide as well as multimodal analgesic infusion (0,9% NaCl 1000,0 + lidocain 600 mg + ketamine 50 mg + dexmedetomidine 100μg + MgSO4 25%-5 g) with administration rate of 1,0-1,3 ml/кгLBM/hour, where LBM - lean body mass equaled to ideal body mass (IBM). Miorelaxation was achieved using esmeron in dose of 0,6 mg/kg IBM. Reversal of neuromuscular block was performed in 10 patients using sugammadex. The infusion of analgesic solution was continued for 8-10 hours after the operation. All the patients got up and walked within a ward 4-5 hours after the surgery. The activation accompanied with increasing of pain in the operation zone and tangible discomfort in 20 patients who required the enhance of analgesia using opioids. The proposed technique facilitates the early postoperative activation that is very important for the patients suffered from morbid obesity.
MANAGEMENT OF HEADACHE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-TRAUMATIC SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Ganeeva I. R
Published: September 2020

This review of the literature is devoted to the current state of the problem of management of headache in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NSAH). This pathology is associated with severe and prolonged headache. Despite the huge amount of references on subarachnoid hemorrhage, a little attention is paid to headache in this pathology, so it remains largely unexplored. The article presents data on the epidemiology of the syndrome, possible mechanisms of occurrence, diagnostic methods. Details of the advantages and disadvantages of drugs for anesthesia, available in the arsenal of the clinician at the moment. The results of many previously published studies are diametrically opposed, which does not facilitate the choice of tactics for effective treatment and prevention of complications. The article also identifies the problems, the solution of which, possibly, will lead to an improvement in the results of treatment of SAH and further the quality of life of the patients. The lack of evidance data on the subject suggests that the research is relevant.
BLOCKADE OF THE PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION AS A COMPONENT OF COMBINED ANESTHESIA DURING SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL CATARACT
Authors: Oleshchenko Irina G. , Yuryeva T. N , Zabolotskii D. V , Gorbachev V. I
Published: September 2020

The purpose of combined anesthesia in surgical treatment for congenital cataracts in children is, in addition to providing adequate analgesia of the intra- and postoperative period, to decrease adverse reactions and functional-anatomical changes in eye structure. Objective: The goal of the study is to assess the effectiveness of blockade of the pterygopalatine fossa as a component of combined anesthesia in surgical treatment for congenital cataracts in children. Material and Methods: The study included 52 children operated for congenital cataracts. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n=26) anesthesia was carried out on the base of sevoflurane in combination with a pterygopalatine blockade as a regional component, the distinctive feature of the second group (n=28) was the implementation of retrobulbar blockade. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated by a comparative analysis of hemodynamic parameters, the index of the tension of the vegetative system, the level of cortisol in the blood plasma, the assessment of the intensity of pain on the verbal rating scale, as well as the surgeon’s definition of the degree of comfort of the operative intervention. Results and conclusion: The data received show that the use of blockade of the vascular nodule as a component of combined anesthesia in the surgery for congenital cataracts in children allows to provide adequate anesthesia, to reduce the sympathetic activity during the operation, to create prolonged anesthesia in the postoperative period and create favorable conditions for the surgeon’s work.
THE BLOCKADE OF THE SCIATIC NERVE AND THE POSTERIOR FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF SUBGLUTEAL ACCESS «2-IN-1 BLOCK»
Authors: Piacherski Valery G. , Marachkou A. V
Published: September 2020

Material and methods. In group 1 (20 patients) the blockade of the sciatic nerve was performed subgluteal access; in group 2 (20 patients) - subgluteal access to soft tissue compression in the projection of the sciatic nerve for 3-5 cm distal to the injection site; gluteal access is blockade of the sciatic nerve - in the third group (20 patients). All of the blockade of the sciatic nerve was performed by administering 30 mL of 1% lidocaine (epinephrine 1: 200 000). Sensory block was evaluated in the foot, ankle, lower leg, popliteal fossa and hamstring. A total of 60 patients. Also, in addition to the blockade of the sciatic nerve was performed femoral nerve blockade. Results. Complete motor and sensory block of the sciatic nerve occurred in all 60 patients of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups. In group 1, a full block back femoral cutaneous nerve and the popliteal fossa region did not develop in any patient. In 19 patients in group 2 developed a full suite of «+» posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. In 1 patient in group 2 block PFCN was assessed as partial «+». In all patients, the third group developed a full suite of «+» PFCN. Conclusion. When the sciatic nerve blockade subgluteal access full sensor unit is not developed in the popliteal fossa and hamstring. When the sciatic nerve blockade gluteal access sensor unit is developing in the area of the foot, lower leg, popliteal fossa and hamstring. Our method wire blockade of the sciatic nerve and PFCN «2-in-1» from subgluteal access can achieve the touch in the foot, lower leg, popliteal fossa and hamstring.
DRAFT OF CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF NEUROAXIAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN FOR PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA
Authors: Zabolotskii Dmitriy V. , Koryachkin V. A , Ulrikh G. E , Ivanov M. D , Stepanenko S. M , Pogorelchuk V. V
Published: September 2020

The aim of this draft clinical guidelines is standardization of the clear rules for conducting neuraxial blockades in the perioperative period to reduce the risk of complications associated with their use by children of different ages, increase the effectiveness and safety of anesthetic care in general. The project was developed by the working group of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists of the Russian Federation under the auspices of Russian Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists Association with a great practical experience in this area among children, taking into account the global trends of recent times. The guidelines present modern principles of the use of neuraxial blockades, describe the anatomical and physiological features of childhood that are important for the performance of neuraxial blockades and particular aspects of usage of local anesthetics to children. General provisions and particular techniques of spinal, epidural (caudal), combined spinal-epidural anesthesia are presented.
PREDICTING THE INTENSITY OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Smirnova Olga V. , Genov P. G , Timerbaev V. H , Tukibaev T. F , Rebrova O. Yu
Published: September 2020

Relevance. The problem of postoperative analgesia don’t lose it’s relevance despite the large implementation in practice the multimodal analgesia strategy. In prescribing the analgesia in the most cases don’t consider the predictors of intensive postoperative pain, which could to contribute the choice of ineffective postoperative analgesia. Purpose. The determination of predictors of intensive pain after hysterectomy. Materials and methods. We have observed women from 18 to 70 years old which have undergone a hysterectomy under general anesthesia. We have studied socio-demographic data, the presence of chronic abdominal pain before surgery, pain threshold and pain tolerance, type of surgical access and pain expectation. Results. A mathematical model was developed for predicting a moderate and severe (> 40 mm visual analogue scale) dynamic pain 2 hours after the operation with a 60% cut-off point, implemented as a calculator in MS Excel. As a set of predictors, the following signs were used: the presence of pain in the lower abdomen before the operation, tolerance to pain, the expected pain intensity and the type of surgical access. The predictive value of the positive model result was 79%, CI [69%, 86%]. Conclusion. Women who have a prediction of moderate and severe pain after the extirpation of the uterus are 60% or more likely to develop it, in order to achieve adequate analgesia, it may be recommended to use more intensive postoperative analgesia, including using regional techniques, which will improve the quality of postoperative analgesia.
Uterine artery embolization in uterine fibroids patients of reproductive age and its role in shaping of autoimmune oophoritis
Authors: Sosnova Elena A.
Published: September 2020

In women of the reproductive age who have preserved the uterus after uterine artery embolization (UAE) and are interested in restoring fertility, the clinical evaluation of long-term results of this treatment method was executed with the use both of a questionnaire survey (n = 98), and determination of the status of ovarian reserve, ovaries, thyroid gland(n = 52). Performed retro- and prospective clinical-laboratory and instrumental methods of the investigation allowed to reveal a higher risk of the development of remote complications of UAE, in particular in the premature failure of ovarian function.
Morphological features of female gonadal dysgenesis and karyotype in patients with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome
Authors: Kogan Evgeniya A. , Ushakova O. E , Kur’yanova Yu. N , Fayzullina N. M , Stupko O. K
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work - the study of the morphological and immunophenotypic variants of the structure gonads in gonadal dysgenesis (GD) and karyotypic characteristics of patients with the Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome (SHTS). There were investigated the tissue samples of the removed gonads and ovaries from 16 SHTS patients with GD and 11 patients from the control group without SSHT whose ovaries had been removed due to parovarian cysts. The morphological study was executed with immunohistochemical typing of gonadal tissue with the detection of expression: Ki-67, Vimentin, Desmin, Inhibin A, ER ( «DAKO»), AR ( «SpringBioscience»). The karyotype was investigated by means of cytogenetic method, whereas the presence of the SRY-gene - with aid of PCR-reaction in blood lymphocytes. As a result, there were established morphological variants of GD in SHTS: streak-gonads (8 patients), GD with ovarian stroma (6 patients), GD with the formation of the gonadoblastoma (2 patients). At that in the blood lymphocytes of SHTS patients there were discovered following karyotypes: 45Х, 45X/46XY, 45X/46XX, 45, Х, t (4, 19) (р14, q13.3), 45, Х[5]/46, Xi(X)(q10)[20], 45, Х[31]/46, Xi(X)(q10)[19], 46Xpsui(Y)(q10)[6]/45, Х[3]/46 XY[20]. There were revealed statistically significant correlations between karyotypes of blood lymphocytes and immunophenotypes of cell of the genital cord stroma, fibroblasts and GD germinal cells. Markers directly relating to the survival of follicles: inhibin-a, AR, ER were of the greatest importance for the development of someone or other morphological variant. GD in patients with ovarian stroma were differed in the greatest expression of ER (p < 0.05). SRY-gene was detected in the 1 patient with the lack of Y-chromosome. In two patients gonadoblastoma was found in GD without the presence of the SRY-gene in blood lymphocytes. The data obtained testify to a variety of morphologic and immunophenotypic variants of GD in SHTS, which are not always correlated with the karyotype of blood lymphocytes ofpatients that may partly reflect a possible discrepancy between the karyotypeofblood lymphocytes and DG tissue due to gene mosaicism.
BLOOD VOLUME AND HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN PREGNANTS, PARTURIENTS AND PUERPERAE
Authors: Ronenson Aleksandr M. , Shifman E. M , Kulikov A. V
Published: September 2020

In the article, there are considered questions of physiological changes of the blood volume status during pregnancy, parturition and in the postpartum period, features of functional and structural changes of the cardiovascular system. The determination of the circulating blood volume is still a stumbling block for obstetrician-gynecologists and anesthesiologists-resuscitators. Our view of the normal blood volume status during pregnancy is important in light of the assessment of the blood loss in the development of massive obstetric hemorrhage. The doctor needs to know what changes in the cardiovascular system are physiological and which are pathological in case of blood loss, with taking into account the functional changes in the heart that occur during pregnancy, parturition and in the earliest postpartum period. A deeper understanding of this problem will help the doctor avoid aggressive infusion therapy, which can lead to complications.
CANCER AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Silkina M. O , Bakhtiyarov Kamil R.
Published: September 2020

Cancer during pregnancy is not a common problem, but when it is detected, a serious clinical situation arises. The coexistence of a malignant neoplasm and pregnancy is a condition in which there is an ambiguous dilemma about the simultaneous development of a new life and a life-threatening disease. Ultimately, the doctor managing this patient faces two problems - the struggle for life as well the mother as the unborn child. Based on the literature studied from the MedLine database, an analytical review of cancer information during pregnancy in 2014-2018 was conducted. The pregnancy is established to be most often combined with the following oncological diseases: cervical and breast cancer (62% each), stomach and rectal cancer (11% each), ovarian cancer (5.5%). In addition, the literature describes isolated cases of lung cancer and brain tumors during pregnancy. During information processing, the late both first pregnancy, and first births it was revealed to increase the risk of cancer. Treatment of such patients should be carried out in specialized centers, and for all cases it is necessary to collect a consultation team consisting of oncologists, surgeons, obstetricians-gynecologists, radiologists, neonatologists and pediatricians. Over the past 20 years in world practice, the most preferred approach is a comprehensive start of treatment of patients without interrupting pregnancy, therefore the survival rate of both mother and fetus tends to increase.
ORGAN-PRESERVING TREATMENT IN GYNECOLOGICAL TYPES OF CANCER
Authors: Silkina M. O , Sosnova Elena A.
Published: September 2020

Over the past 10 years, the treatment of malignant gynecological tumors has changed dramatically. For many years, a radical approach - extended hysterectomy with appendages at any stage of tumor development of internal genital organs was considered to be the only correct approach. However, many young women want to preserve their fertile function, and in this regard, the treatment tactic was improved and optimized towards the development of organ-preserving methods for the treatment of gynecological cancer. Based on the literature studied from the MedLine database, an analytical review of information on the possibilities of organ-preserving treatment for gynecological cancers in 2013-2018 was prepared and the implementation of a successful integrated organ-preserving treatment was found to be available only at early stages of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer. The overall survival after treatment correlates with the histological structure of the tumor, the degree of its differentiation and involvement of the underlying tissues in the pathological process, as well as the volume of surgical intervention. In most cases, after an organ-preserving treatment, the risk of tumor recurrence is low, and a woman regains a chance to become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.
PATHOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF VISION IN PREGNANT WOMEN (CLINICAL LECTURE)
Authors: Sinchikhin Sergey Petrovich , Ramazanova L. Sh , Stepanyan L. V , Napylova O. A , Khanmirzoeva S. Kh
Published: September 2020

The article presents data on the management of pregnancy in women with eye diseases. Ophthalmological manifestations in various pathological conditions on the part of the organs of vision are clearly shown. Presents the procedure for management of pregnancy and childbirth in women with both eye diseases and ophthalmic morpho-functional changes associated with the development of gestational complications. The admissibility of carrying out laser-surgical treatment methods for pathological changes in the organs of vision in a pregnant woman is noted. Ophthalmological changes are indicated, which are taken into account when choosing a mode of delivery.
Development Grouping of Synonym Set Thesaurus Vocabulary The Qur’an in English Using Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Fauziah Salma , Bijaksana Moch Arif
Published: September 2020

Research in the field of text mining to process entries or words from the Qur'an is very beneficial for Muslims. This study aims to establish a set of synonyms for the thesaurus in the words of the Qur'an. This research is used because the source of knowledge about the science of the Qur'an is still lacking. The dataset in this study uses the Corpus Qur'an and English Translation. This research is a research development of an article that has been published, namely "The Development of Al-Qur'an Vocabulary Set Synonyms with WordNet Approach" by Laras Gupitasari. Input from this research system uses nouns from the translation of English words in the Quran. The output of the system produces several groups that have the same level of closeness of meaning displayed, the first group means the word in the group has a close meaning. To produce output, this study uses word grouping with a hierarchical grouping method and calculates distances using common paths, then groups results according to the closeness of meaning from word entries. The evaluation in this study produced an F-Measure value of 76%, F-Measure Value is an evaluation to measure the accuracy of predictions issued by the system.
Morphological and Molecular Status of Daphne Wolongensis Brickell et Mathew as Genetic Resource for Horticulture
Authors: Holubec Vojtěch , Leišová-Svobodová Leona
Published: September 2020

Daphne wolongensis described on the basis of a few known individuals was investigated in the wild, in Baoxing Valey, Sechuan. Its status of valid species was verified morphologically and genetically. Three newly found populations were compared to the closely related species Daphne retusa, D. tangutica, D. longilobata, D. acutiloba, D. sureil, to clones available in cultivation and selected cultivars. The high bootstrap values indicate a good level of genetic differentiation between each of the studied species. The hypothesis whether D. wolongensis is a hybridogenous species was rejected, it is a well-defined independent species. Based on morphological and genetic data, it seems likely that another species, D. limprichtii can be a mountain form of D. tangutica. Variability of populations in Wolong gives a good opportunity to select genotypes with a higher or better performance of combination of traits. From 51samples collected in Wolong it was possible to select the top ten different types as genetic resources for breeding. Daphne wolongensis, in the visited sites of Wolong area, occupies less than 1 km2. Together with isolated finds, the number of found individuals is less than 500 and the area is not larger than 10 km2, thus it falls to the IUCN category of “Critically Endangered” plants.
Association between Psychological Factors and Evacuation Status and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Prospective Study of the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Sanoh Toshiki , Eguchi Eri , Ohira Tetsuya , Hayashi Fumikazu , Maeda Masaharu , Yasumura Seiji , Suzuki Yuriko , Yabe Hirooki , Takahashi Atsushi , Takase Kanae , Harigane Mayumi , Hisamatsu Takashi , Ogino Keiki , Kanda Hideyuki , Kamiya Kenji
Published: September 2020

Evidence regarding the effect of psychological factors and evacuation on cardiovascular disease occurrence after large-scale disasters is limited. This prospective study followed up a total of 37,810 Japanese men and women aged 30–89 years from the Fukushima Prefecture with no history of stroke or heart disease at baseline (2012), until 2017. This period included 3000 cardiovascular events recorded through questionnaires and death certificates. The participants’ psychological distress, trauma reaction, and evacuation status were defined, and divided into four groups based on combinations of psychological factors and evacuation status. We calculated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for only psychological, only evacuation, or both of them compared with neither using Cox proportional hazard models. Psychological factors along with evacuation resulted in approximately 5% to 25% higher magnitude of stroke and heart disease risk than psychological factors only among men. Compared to neither, the multivariable hazard ratios of those with both psychological distress and evacuation were 1.75 for stroke and 1.49 for heart disease, and those of both trauma reaction and evacuation were 2.01 and 1.57, respectively, among men. Evacuation combined with psychological factors increased the risk of stroke and heart disease risks especially in men after the Great East Japan Earthquake.
8 Weeks of 2s-Hesperidin Supplementation Improves Power Output at Estimated Functional Threshold Power and Maximum Power in Amateur Cyclist
Authors: Martínez Noguera Francisco Javier , Marín-Pagán Cristian , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Alcaraz Pedro E.
Published: September 2020

2S-hesperidin is a flavanone (flavonoid) found in high concentrations in citrus fruits. It has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, improving performance in animals. This study investigated the effects of chronic intake of an orange extract (2S-hesperidin) or placebo on aerobic-anaerobic and metabolic performance markers in amateur cyclists. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out between late September and December 2018. Forty amateur cyclists were randomized into two groups: one taking 500mg/day 2S-hesperidin and other taking 500 mg/day placebo (microcellulose) for 8 weeks. All participants completed the study. Performance and metabolic aerobic-anaerobic markers were measured using incremental and rectangular tests by indirect calorimetry. The anaerobic power was determined using Wingate tests. After 8 weeks supplementation, there was a significant increase in the incremental test in estimated functional threshold power (FTP) (3.23%; p≤0.05) and maximum power (2.68%; p≤0.05) with 2S-Hesperdin compared to placebo. In the rectangular test, there was a significant decrease in VO2 (-8.26%; p≤0.01) and VO2R (-8.88%; p≤0.01) at VT2 in placebo; however, there were no significant differences between groups. In the Wingate test, there was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in peak and relative power in both groups, but without significant differences between groups. Supplementation with an orange extract (2S-hesperdin) 500mg/day improves estimated FTP and maximum power performance in amateur cyclists.
Covid-19 and Neuro-Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework to Improve Physical and Mental Health among Remote Workers
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Korede K. , Maiyegun Sitratullah O. , Ibrahimi Sahra , Ikedionwu Chioma , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: September 2020

Long-term home confinement during the ongoing COVID-19 can have negative mental and physical health consequences, which in turn can reduce productivity among those working remotely. We sought to delineate factors related to neuro-behavioral economics that employers should consider for their employees who are teleworking during the current Covid-19 pandemic. Physical and mental well-being are intertwined and are strongly correlated to high productivity at workplace. By integrating the factors of neuro-behavioral economics into the work culture, companies will alleviate work-related stress leading to improved mental and physical functioning; thus leading to increased productivity.

Key words: • Neuro-behavioral economics • COVID-19 • Teleworking • Mental health

 

Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Laboratory Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Sag in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Ofei Titus Ntow , Kalaga Dinesh Venkata , Lund Bjørnar , Saasen Arild , Linga Harald , Sangesland Sigbjørn , Gyland Knud Richard , Kawaji Masahiro
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present the results of barite sag measurements before and after hot-rolled oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) using different approaches for characterization. We characterized the barite sag of a liquid column under static condition using light-scattering (LS) measurements, hydrostatic pressure measurements, and gamma densitometry. Under the dynamic condition, we used a rheometer with a grooved bob-in-cup measuring system to characterize barite sag in rotational and oscillatory shear conditions. Extensive rheological characterization of the drilling fluid samples, before hot rolling (BHR) and after hot rolling (AHR), is carried out. It is found that barite sag decreased in hot-rolled fluid samples from the LS, rotational, and oscillatory shear measurements. The rheological characterization of the fluid samples showed that heat-activated chemicals in the hot-rolled fluid sample increased the viscosity and elasticity, which contributed to lower barite sag and longer suspension of particles than BHR. Both hydrostatic and gamma densitometry measurements reveal more or less uniform compaction of barite particles in the fluid sample below the liquid layer. Time-dependent oscillatory shear measurements provide new insights on the structural character of drilling fluids to predict barite sag tendencies during the fluid design phase.
Well Placement and Control Optimization of Horizontal Steamflooding Wells Using Derivative-Free Algorithms
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Zhong Liguo , Wang Xiang , Liu Yigang , Wang Hongyu
Published: September 2020

The determination of optimal well locations and well controls in the horizontal-well steamflooding of heavy-oil reservoirs is a meaningful but also challenging task for the complex well types and complicated mechanisms. In this paper, a framework that combines optimization algorithms and the reservoir simulator together is proposed to solve this problem. Two typical algorithms, particle-swarm optimization (PSO) and mesh adaptive direct search (MADS), are both used to study their performance on well-placement optimization, well-control optimization, and the joint optimization of these two aspects. For the joint-optimization problem, both the simultaneous approach and sequential approach are considered. A net-present-value (NPV) formula for evaluation of the steamflooding project is proposed, and optimization runs are conducted for an offshore heavy-oil reservoir by maximizing the NPV of the horizontal steamflooding pilot. The results show that both the PSO and MADS were effective for well-placement/control optimization of the horizontal steamflooding wells. The NPVs were greatly improved throughout the optimization process. The control frequency has great influence on the optimal NPV. Intermittent steamflooding might be a better choice than continuous steamflooding. The steam-injection rate and oil-production rates need to be controlled and decreased at the latter stage for mitigating steam channeling and an ineffective steam cycle between injection and production wells. For the joint-optimization problem, the simultaneous procedure finds the best solution for a case with smaller variable numbers and the sequential procedure performs better for a case with larger variable numbers. The PSO algorithm performs better than the MADS algorithm for more complex problems with larger variable numbers in both the simultaneous and sequential procedures. The sequential procedure is worth considering in practice for problems with large scale and a limited computational budget.
Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 and assessment of risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among the Bangladeshi population: An online cross sectional survey
Authors: Haque Tasnima , Hossain Khondoker Moazzem , Bhuiyan Md. Monzur Rahman , Ananna Sadia Afreen , Hussain Md. Anower , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Ahmed Asif , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur
Published: September 2020

The COVID19 pandemic has been transmitted worldwide rapidly. The best ways of preventing this virus are to know about and act accordingly. An online cross sectional survey was conducted to know the knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID19 and to assess the risks of infections among Bangladeshi population. Among 2045 respondents, 54·87% respondents kept good knowledge. Knowledge was significantly diverged across age, gender, education levels, residences, income groups, and marital status. Despite the knowledge, the attitude and practices of Bangladeshi people are not impressive. Among population, 32·08%, and 44·30% people were in high, and in medium risk of infection respectively. Everybody is in risk. Reasons for the mediocre attitude and practices could be the poor knowledge, nonscientific and orthodox religious believe. Government and policy makers must consider these knowledge levels, attitude & practices and the risk of infection assessment to implement productive interventions for preventing the COVID19.
Norovirus GII.2[P16] Strain in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Jin Miao , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Yanan , Yang Hong , Yao Xiangjie , Chen Long , Meng Jun , Hu Guifang , He Yaqing , Duan Zhaojun
Published: September 2020

Background: Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. From September 2015 through August 2018, 203 NoV outbreaks involving 2,500 cases were reported to the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Methods: Faecal specimens for 203 outbreaks were collected and epidemiological data were obtained through the AGE outbreak surveillance system in Shenzhen. Genotypes were determined by sequencing analysis. To gain a better understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of NoV in Shenzhen, recombination events were analysed and molecular evolution was evaluated based on time-scale evolutionary phylogeny and amino acid mutations.Results: A total of nine counties reported NoV outbreaks and the reported NoV outbreaks peaked from November to March. Among the 203 NoV outbreaks, 150 were sequenced successfully. Most of these outbreaks were associated with the NoV GII.2[P16] strain (45.3%, 92/203) and occurred in school settings (91.6%, 186/203). The GII.2[P16] strain is a recombinant strain that is relatively stable. In these GII.2[P16] recombination strain outbreaks, the non-structural proteins of the recombination strain might have played a more significant role than VP1.Conclusions: This study illustrates the molecular epidemiological patterns in Shenzhen, China, from September 2015 to August 2018 and provides evidence that the GII.2[P16] strain was relatively stable and that epidemic trend has weakened.
Comparative study on indoor air quality variation while burning different firewood species in Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Anu , Parajuli Indira
Published: September 2020

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from smoky cooking fires causes deaths over 22,800 per year being the fourth leading cause of death in Nepal. The study aims to compare the pollution level particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) in different firewood species. Two households one with ICS and TCS is selected purposively to monitor the concentration of pollutants in Ward no. 3 of Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal. IAP Meter based on Laser Sensor principle is used to monitor real time concentration of PM 2.5 and CO.
24 hours mean concentration of PM 2.5 and 8 hours mean average concentrations of CO are found to be above the WHO and National Indoor Air Quality Guidelines i.e. For ICS using household the concentration is found to be 155.26 µg/m 3 and 9 ppm respectively and household using TCS is found to be 385.12 µg/m 3 and 12.2 ppm). Both pollutants’ concentration is found less in Abies Spectabilis than other species. Positive correlation is found in both households along with moisture content, amount of firewood used, etc. This result suggests the use of Abies Spectabilis as it emits less emission as compared to other species as it has less moisture content that reduces the concentration of air pollution.
Keywords : Carbon Monoxide 1 , Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 2 , Indoor Air Pollution 3
Physicochemical, Mineralogy, and Thermo-Kinetic Characterisation of Newly Discovered Nigerian Coals under Pyrolysis and Combustion Conditions
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba Bevan , Jauro Aliyu , Akinyemi Segun Ajayi , Faizal Hasan Mohd , Nasirudeen Mohammed Baba , Fuad Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi Mohd , Oladokun Olagoke
Published: September 2020

In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three (3) newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values (HHV) ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surfaces, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% – 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% – 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter, vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite macerals. Kinetic analysis revealed that the coal samples are highly reactive under the non-isothermal oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats-Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 kJ/mol – 89.56 kJ/mol whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) ranged from 6.77×10 -04 min -1 – 1.72×10 03 min -1 under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either industrial applications or energy recovery.
Triple null mutations in starch synthase SSIIa gene homoeologs lead to high amylose and resistant starch in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Schoen Adam , Joshi Anupama , Tiwari Vijay K , Gill Bikram S. , Rawat Nidhi
Published: September 2020

Background: Lack of nutritionally appropriate foods is one of the leading causes of obesity in the US and worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides 20% of the calories consumed daily across the globe. The nutrients in the wheat grain come primarily from the starch composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch content, which is known to have significant human health benefits, can be increased by modifying starch synthesis pathways. Starch synthase enzyme SSIIa, also known as starch granule protein isoform-1 (SGP-1), is integral to the biosynthesis of the branched and readily digestible glucose polymer amylopectin. The goal of this work was to develop a triple null mutant genotype for SSIIa locus in the elite hard red winter wheat variety ‘Jagger’ and evaluate the effect of the knock-out mutations on resistant starch content in grains with respect to wild type. Results: Knock-out mutations in SSIIa in the three genomes of wheat variety ‘Jagger’ were identified using TILLING. Subsequently, these loss-of function mutations on A, B, and D genomes were combined by crossing to generate a triple knockout mutant genotype Jag-ssiia-∆ABD. The Jag-ssiia-∆ABD had an amylose content of 35.70% compared to 31.15% in Jagger, leading to ~118% increase in resistant starch in the Jag-ssiia-∆ABD genotype of Jagger wheat. The single individual genome mutations also had various effects on starch composition. Conclusions: Our full null Jag-ssiia-∆ABD mutant showed a significant increase in RS without the shriveled grain phenotype seen in other ssiia knockouts in elite wheat cultivars. Moreover, this study shows the potential for developing nutritionally improved foods in a non-GM approach. Since all the mutants have been developed in an elite wheat cultivar, their adoption in production and supply will be feasible in future.
Association of diurnal temperature range with daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in 21 cities, China
Authors: Wang Zihui , Zhou Yumin , Luo Ming , Yang Huajing , Xiao Shan , Huang Xiaoliang , Ou Yubo , Zhang Yongbo , Duan Xianzhong , Hu Wei , Liao Chenghao , Zheng Yijia , Wang Long , Xie Min , Tang Longhui , Zheng Jinzhen , Liu Sha , Wu Fan , Deng Zhishan , Tian Heshen , Peng Jieqi , Wang Xinwang , Zhong Nanshan , Ran Pixin
Published: September 2020

Background: The association between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) was rarely reported. Objectives: To examine the association between DTR and daily hospital admission for exacerbations of CRD and find out the potential effect of modifications on this association.Method: Data on daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and bronchiectasis and meteorology measures from 2013 through 2017 were obtained from 21 cities in South China. After controlling the effects of daily mean temperature, relative humidity (RH), particulate matter < 2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5) and other confounding factors, a standard generalized additive model (GAM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution was performed to evaluate the relationships between DTR and daily hospital admissions of CRD in a two-stage strategy. Subgroup analysis was performed to find potential modifications, including seasonality and population characteristics.Result: Elevated risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD (RR=1.09 [95%CI: 1.08 to 1.11]) was associated with interquartile range (IQR)the increase in DTR (the 75th percentile versus the 25th percentile of DTR at lag0-6). The effects of DTR on hospital admissions for CRD were strong at low DTR in the hot season and high DTR in the cold season. The relative risk (RR (the 75th percentile versus the 25th percentile of DTR at lag0-6)) of hospitalization was 1.11 (95%CI: 1.08 to 1.12) for exacerbations of COPD and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.13) for asthma per IQR increase in DTR. The adverse effect of DTR on hospitalization for bronchiectasis was only observed in female patients (RR=1.06 [95%CI: 1.03 to 1.10]). Conclusion: Our study provided additional evidence for the association between DTR and daily hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD, and these associations are especially stronger in COPD patients and in the cold season than the hot season. Preventive measures to reduce the adverse impacts of DTR were needed for CRD patients.
Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes
Authors: Li Chunyan , He Xiaoyun , Zhang Zijun , Ren Chunhuan , Chu Mingxing
Published: September 2020

Background: long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified as important regulator in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis associated with sheep prolificacy. However, there is little report about lncRNA in pineal gland of sheep. Herein, RNA-Seq was used to detect transcriptome expression pattern in pineal gland between follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in FecBBB (MM) and FecB++ (ww) STH sheep, respectively, and differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with reproduction were identified.Results: Overall, 135 DE lncRNAs and 1,360 DE mRNAs in pineal gland between MM and ww sheep were screened. Wherein, 39 DE lncRNAs and 764 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in MM sheep, 96 DE lncRNAs and 596 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in ww sheep. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were annotated to multiple biological processes such as phototransduction, circadian rhythm, melanogenesis, GSH metabolism and steroid biosynthesis, which directly or indirectly participate in hormone activities to affect sheep reproductive performance. Additionally, co-expression of lncRNAs-mRNAs and the network construction were performed based on correlation analysis, DE lncRNAs can modulate target genes involved in related pathways to affect sheep fecundity. Specifically, like XLOC_466330, XLOC_532771, XLOC_028449 targeting RRM2B and GSTK1, XLOC_391199 targeting STMN1, XLOC_503926 targeting RAG2, XLOC_187711 targeting DLG4 were included.Conclusion: All of these differential lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in pineal gland provide a novel resource for elucidating regulatory mechanism underlying STH sheep prolificacy.