bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volcanostratigraphic Sequences of Kebo-Butak Formation at Bayat Geological Field Complex, Central Java Province and Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyaningsih Sri
Published: June 2016

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.2.77-94Bayat Complex is usually used as a work field for students of geology and other geosciences. The study area is located in the southern part of the Bayat Complex. Administratively, it belongs to Central Java Province and Yogyakarta Special Province. The lithology of Bayat is very complex, composed of various kinds of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, and volcanic rocks. Most of previous researchers interpreted Bayat as a melange complex constructed within a subduction zone. Kebo-Butak is one of formations that forms the Bayat field complex. The formation is composed of basalt, layers of pumice, tuff, shale, and carbonaceous tuff. Most of them are known as volcanic rocks. These imply that volcanic activities are more probable to construct the geology of Bayat rather than the subducted melange complex. The geological mapping, supported by geomorphology, petrology, stratigraphy, and geological structures, had been conducted in a comprehensive manner using the deduction-induction method. The research encounters basalt, black pumice, tuff with basaltic glasses fragments, zeolite, argilic clay, as well as feldspathic- and pumice tuff. Petrographically, the basalt is composed of labradorite, olivine, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass. Black pumice and tuff contain prismatic clinopyroxene, granular olivine, and volcanic glasses. Feldspathic tuff and pumice tuff are crystal vitric tuff due to more abundant feldspar, quartz, and amphibole than volcanic glass. Zeolite comprises chlorite and altered glasses as deep sea altered volcanic rocks. The geologic structure is very complex, the major structures are normal faults with pyrite in it. There were two deep submarine paleovolcanoes namely Tegalrejo and Baturagung. The first paleovolcano erupted effusively producing basaltic sequence, while the second one erupted explosively ejecting feldspathic-rich pyroclastic material. The two paleovolcanoes erupted simultaneously and repeatedly.
Atypical presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Clinical and radiological characteristics in eclamptic patients
Authors: Aracki-Trenkić Aleksandra , Stojanov Dragan , Trenkić Milan , Radovanović Zoran , Ignjatović Jelena , Ristić Saša , Trenkić-Bozinović Marija
Published: June 2016

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an obstetric emergency frequently occurring in a pregnant or puerperal woman, manifested with an acute headache, consciousness impairment, seizures, and visual deficits and is associated with white matter changes predominantly affecting the posterior parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. Apart from the above-described typical location of the changes, the most common atypical location involves the brain stem and basal ganglia. Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive and specific imaging technique compared to computerized tomography, establishing the diagnosis and follow-up in patients with PRES is based mainly on MRI findings. It is particularly important not to exclude PRES as a possible diagnosis when we have the appropriate clinical presentation accompanied by the atypical radiological findings, since this clinical-radiological syndrome can often be manifested with an atypical MRI image.
The Effects of Using Instructional Conversation Method on Oral Autonomy of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Ghaffari Sahar , Fatemi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of instructional conversations on oral autonomy of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Forty-nine Iranian intermediate EFL learners from three language institutes in Sarakhs were selected as the participants of the study based on their scores in Nelson Proficiency Test. Administering Nelson General Proficiency Test, participants were measured to make sure they are homogeneous. These participants were randomly assigned into to control and experimental groups.  Participants in both groups sat for Learner Oral Autonomy Questionnaire with some modifications from Kashefian's learner autonomy questionnaire (2002). Results of independent samples t-test lack of any significant difference between the two groups in oral autonomy at the outset of the study. Throughout the study which lasted for 12 sessions participants in experimental group received the treatment, instructional conversations, as a tool for teaching speaking materials. Participants in the control group were taught the same materials as those practiced in the former group through such techniques as role playing, peer dialogues, and oral presentations. Finally, the posttest being the same as the pretest was administered. Results of independent samples t-test showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control one in Oral Autonomy Questionnaire. The present findings provide pedagogical implications for employing instructional conversation in EFL speaking classrooms.
A Comparison of the Chinese and American Graduate Syllabi in Regard to Their Content and Style
Authors: Liu Zhencong , Wang Wei
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to compare the Chinese and American syllabi for graduates in regard to their content and style. 36 syllabi of various majors in different universities were collected and compared. It was found that in both Chinese and American syllabi there are 12 common components, including, the heading, overview, course objectives, target students, prerequisites, textbook and reading list, course requirements, homework, course grading, lecture schedule, teaching method and evaluation. The special components for American syllabi are academic integrity and office hour. As for style, American syllabi are more demanding in reading than their counterparts. Their teaching methods are more flexible and interactive. Their homework is assigned in higher quantity and quality. Their assessments are various and are evenly distributed through the whole semester while Chinese syllabi depend more on the final exams.
An Integrated Mode Study on College English Teaching of Listening and Speaking: Based on Output-driven, Input-enabled Hypothesis
Authors: Yang Pingping
Published: June 2016

This paper discusses how college English teaching of listening and speaking can be carried out based on the output-driven, input-enabled hypothesis. The author probes into an integrated teaching mode from the following four aspects, including the change of teacher’s role, the applicability of teaching activity, the cultivation of student’s comprehensive ability to apply language and the objective and effective combination of summative assessment and process assessment. In teaching process, the teacher should be aware of the close interaction between listening and speaking, the stimulation of critical thinking and the importance of culture teaching.
Translation of English Causative Verbs into Persian: A Comparative Study of Professional Translators and Translation Trainees
Authors: Ghasdian Naghmeh , Sedighi Ahmad
Published: June 2016

According to books of grammar, a causative form is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a person to perform an action. Translation of English causatives into Persian seems to be one of the biggest problems that Translation students and novice translators usually come across. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the translation strategies applied by the professional translator and translation trainees while translating English causatives into Persian. In this descriptive corpus-based study, the present researcher examined sixty causative constructions of novel Lord of The Flies by Gerald (1991) and their Persian translation by Mansouri (2003). In addition, twenty causative constructions from the novel were given to the twenty Translation students in order to analyze their Persian translations of causative constructions. Based on the finding, the professional translator has used Non-causative and Positive Implication strategies most frequently, whereas the students have used Auxiliary and Noncausative strategies most frequently. It can be concluded that there is a strategy behind every choice, and a reason behind every strategy, and translators should try their best to transfer all the components of a causative verb as well as possible, because each word or verb has its own value. The translator's mastery over the causative construction in the language pair explores throughout this study reminds us of a point of paramount significance. The main implication of this research may make the translators, at any level, better understand the English causative sentences and avoid producing translations that hinder communication between the translator and the readers.
Art and Daoism in “How Wang Fo Was Saved”
Authors: Zhu Jing
Published: June 2016

In “How Wang Fo Was Saved”, the essay distinguishes three kinds of people in terms of their relationship to the world of art: the outsiders, the insiders, and the in-between. Wang Fo and Ling are the only insiders who really follow Dao (the way of all things). The essay argues that, Daoism is not only seen in Wang Fo’s paintings, it’s also lived by Wang Fo and Ling.
Majdan Nezalezjnosti: symbolikk og funksjon
Authors: Hansen Arve
Published: June 2016

Much has been said and written about the Ukrainian revolution of 2013–14, yet research on Maidan Nezalezhnosti, the protests’ most iconic location, has thus far been rather limited. This article analyses the history, attributes and symbolism of this particular city space. What function does Maidan have in the Ukrainian society? In the cause of my fieldwork in Kyiv 2013–15 on the recent revolution, I found that Maidan has many features that make it a particularly suitable site for protests. In the current article I argue that several factors related to the square’s physical space, from its location between the religious, historical and political centres of Ukraine, to its proximity to important landmarks, as well as its infrastructure, shape, architecture, and size, make Maidan both a symbolic and a practical space to occupy for people demanding change. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union Maidan has acquired a special significance for Ukrainians. The name of the square itself could be interpreted as a protest against Russia, and the many protests and three revolutions on Maidan have given it a particular revolutionary meaning. I argue that Maidan functions as a socio-political safety valve – a place people turn to and turn up at to demand change when the formal political institutions fail to deliver.
Published: June 2016
Citation: Arve Hansen (2016) «Majdan Nezalezjnosti: symbolikk og funksjon». Nordisk Østforum 30 [2] 118–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.424
Planning with Citizens: Implementation of an e-Planning Platform and Analysis of Research Needs
Authors: Steiniger Stefan , Poorazizi M. Ebrahim , Hunter Andrew J. S.
Published: June 2016

Citizen participation should be an essential part of an urban planning process if the needs of the local population are to be addressed. Citizen participation should also improve acceptance of private construction projects by residents that live in or near such development. A complementary form of citizen participation to public planning meetings is to permit citizen engagement via Web 2.0 technologies, which also has the potential to get citizens involved that are usually difficult to reach. We aim to build a social, i.e. participatory, planning platform that allows technology savvy citizens to inform themselves of future and ongoing development projects and to also discuss them online. In this work we discuss the functional needs and context-of-use constraints of such an e-planning platform. A conceptual model of the technical architecture is outlined and a prototype implementation is presented. This prototype is built on free and open source software components, including a social network, to enable platform adoption in other locations. Finally, we discuss the research needs that are to be addressed if the development of participatory e-planning platforms should advance.
Assessing the performance of a multi-nested ocean circulation model using satellite remote sensing and in situ observations
Authors: Shan Shiliang
Published: June 2016

This study presents a multi-nested ocean circulation model developed recently for the central Scotian Shelf. The model consists of four submodels downscaling from the eastern Canadian Shelf to the central Scotian Shelf. The model is driven by tides, river discharges, and atmospheric forcing. The model results are validated against observations, including satellite remote sensing data from GHRSST and Aquarius and in situ measurements taken by tide gauges, a marine buoy, ADCPs and CTDs. The ocean circulation model is able to capture variations of sea level, hydrography and the Nova Scotia Current on timescales of days to seasons over the central Scotian Shelf. Model results are used in a process study to examine the effect of tidal mixing and wind-driven coastal upwelling in the formation of cold surface waters along the coast of Nova Scotia.
Teor de óleo e proteína em grãos de soja em diferentes posições da planta
Authors: Sales Victor Hugo Gomes , Peluzio Joenes Mucci , Afférri Flávio Sérgio , Oliveira Junior Waldesse Piragé , Sales Paulo Victor Gomes
Published: June 2016

A posição da vagem na haste da planta constitui um dos vários fatores que influenciam a composição química dos grãos de soja. A interferência no conteúdo final de proteína e óleo pode resultar em erros de quantificação durante o processo de amostragem, importante em programas de melhoramento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o efeito da posição das vagens na planta no teor de óleo e proteína em cultivares de soja desenvolvidas para as condições de baixa latitude. Foram instalados dois experimentos na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), no município de Palmas - TO. O delineamento experimental utilizado em cada experimento (ano agrícola) foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo alocados nas parcelas 15 cultivares de soja; e nas subparcelas o posicionamento das vagens na haste da planta. Houve diferenças significativas para os teores de proteína e óleo entre as cultivares, bem como nas diferentes partes da planta. Os mais altos teores de proteína foram observados no terço superior, e os mais altos teores de óleo no terço médio e inferior. Assim, recomenda-se que o processo de amostragem de grãos, visando a seleção de cultivares superiores, seja realizado na mesma posição das plantas, a fim de reduzir os erros de quantificação dos teores de proteína e óleo, pelo efeito da posição das vagens.
Efeito de adubo verde e Trichoderma harzianum na sobrevivência de Fusarium solani e no desenvolvimento do meloeiro
Authors: Fonsêca Neto Joacy , Dantas Andrea Mirne de Macêdo , Silva Fernando Henrique Alves da , Cruz Beatriz Letícia Silva da , Ambrósio Márcia Michelle de Queiroz , Nascimento Selma Rogéria de Carvalho
Published: June 2016

A incorporação do material orgânico associado à adição de antagonista pode propiciar o controle de patógenos habitantes do solo, que são de difícil erradicação, permitindo, também, melhorias nas características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incorporação de Crotalaria juncea L. e Trichoderma harzianum ao solo na sobrevivência de Fusarium solani e no crescimento do meloeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Ao solo das parcelas pré-determinadas, foram incorporados F. solani, T. harzianum e C. juncea, na proporção de 1% peso/volume. Também foi utilizada uma bolsa de tecido sintético, contendo inóculo de F. solani, que foi enterrada a 5 cm de profundidade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4, solo infestado e não infestado com F. solani, além de solo sem material vegetal e sem T. harzianum; solo com crotalária; solo com T. harzianum; solo com crotalária e T. harzianum; e nove repetições; cada vaso representou uma unidade experimental. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência do F. solani e as variáveis de crescimento do meloeiro. A incorporação de C. juncea e T. harzianum de forma isolada ou a interação deles reduz a sobrevivência de F. solani. Além disso
Consórcio de sorgo com espécies forrageiras
Authors: Moreira Resende Bernardo Piccolo , Jakelaitis Adriano , Tavares Cássio Jardim , Marangoni Rogério Ernani , Ribeiro da Cunha Paulo César
Published: June 2016

Um experimento de campo foi realizado para avaliar a produção de biomassa no consórcio entre a cultura do sorgo com espécies forrageiras e a produção da pastagem subsequente, após a ensilagem. Os tratamentos consistiram no consórcio do sorgo com as espécies Urochloa brizantha (cultivares Marandu e Xaraés) e Panicum maximum (cultivares Massai e Mombaça) e dos respectivos monocultivos, totalizando nove tratamentos, delineados em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a densidade e a massa seca de plantas daninhas aos 50 dias após a semeadura (DAS), as massas secas das plantas de sorgo e das forrageiras na ensilagem aos 125 DAS e o rendimento das forrageiras aos 242 DAS, na pastagem formada. O consórcio de P. maximum cv. Massai e sorgo foi eficiente na supressão de plantas daninhas, constituindo uma importante estratégia de manejo cultural. As forrageiras, em consórcio, não alteraram o rendimento forrageiro do sorgo; todavia, o sorgo reduziu a massa seca das forrageiras, se comparado ao seu rendimento em monocultivo. Na ensilagem, a massa seca acumulada entre as espécies consortes não diferiu entre si, apresentando o mesmo índice de equivalência de área entre tratamentos. Após o consórcio, as rebrotas dos monocultivos e a de P. maximum cv. Mombaça, oriundo do consórcio, foram as mais produtivas quanto ao rendimento forrageiro.
Editorial
Authors: Arias Henao Diana Patricia , Bonilla Montenegro Julián Darío
Published: June 2016

En la presente edición de la Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad, el lector encontrará once artículos de investigación y reflexión, organizados en tres secciones temáticas: 1) Tendencias teóricas globales del sistema internacional; 2). Estudios pro-seguridad regional y; 3). Procesos latinoamericanos soberanos y subregionales.
La aplicación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la prevención comunitaria del delito: los casos de georeferenciacion en Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: Aguirre Sala Jorge Francisco
Published: June 2016

El objetivo es mostrar los apoyos de Internet en la prevención comunitaria del delito. El marco teórico general establece que la teoría de la prevención comunitaria constituye una síntesis de la prevención situacional y ambiental. Además, por tratarse de un asunto comunitario, es necesario añadir la concepción de gobernanza. El apoyo de Internet se focaliza en la construcción comunitaria de la geo-referenciación delictiva. El marco referencial en este estudio es la Estrategia Nacional Digital mexicana que visualiza la prevención con auxilio las redes sociales electrónicas. El método y el estudio de caso es el análisis cualitativo del uso de Internet en el área urbana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. La muestra toma los tres únicos ejemplos que inicialmente se desarrollan para dicha área. Las variables de mayor importancia son las tipologías de alertas delictivas y la validación de su información electrónica. Como resultado se obtienen algunas evaluaciones y recomendaciones. También se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre el papel reactivo o de proximidad que la policía en el Estado de Nuevo León podría ejercer, sobre la base comparativa de la Policía Nacional Colombiana, la Policía de Carabineros de Chile y la Policía Nacional Civil de El Salvador.
Work Coordination as a Social Interaction Process in Nursing Staff Meetings
Authors: Pennanen Eveliina , Mikkola Leena
Published: June 2016

Work coordination, which here refers to organizing, planning, discussing, and negotiating work, is done through social interaction. Because coordination is essential to work quality and well-being at work, it is important to understand the processes that construct work coordination. This study aims to understand work coordination as a social interaction process by analyzing social interaction in nursing staff meetings of a Finnish hospital. Observations and approaches of inductive and descriptive qualitative analysis were used to examine eight sequential nursing staff meetings that took place in 2012. The results indicate that work coordination consisted of sense-making information, sense-making action, managing emotions, and managing positions of employees. Work coordination constructs the social reality of the workplace both on the task level and the relational level. Understanding that work coordination is not only a task-oriented process that deals with organizing practical tasks and duties but is also a process of constructing positions and relationships in work communities helps to identify and understand the possibilities that social interaction and its practices, such as workplace meetings, offer. The findings can be applied in the organizational context to evaluate and develop workplace interactions.
Young Long-term Unemployed and the Individualization of Responsibility
Authors: Hobbins Jennifer
Published: June 2016

In Sweden, as in most Western societies, a common belief is that unemployment is somehow linked to the individual, her lack of work ethic, or other personal shortcomings rather than to structural causes. This is not only manifested in public arenas such as the media or political debates but also in our social surroundings. In recent years, these views have gained importance, indicating a shift in the location of responsibilities from the welfare state to the individual. This shift entails high demands and expectations on unemployed people and is something they have to deal with and relate to. One of the most exposed groups is young long-term unemployed. The aim of this article is to highlight how the discourse of individualized responsibility is reflected in unemployed peoples’ stories, and to shed light on the ways in which young long-term unemployed adults relate to and position themselves toward this discourse. Based on 18 qualitative interviews with young Swedish long-term unemployed people, the findings show three approaches to the discourse: conformity, distancing, and resistance.
Why do Third Sector Employees Intend to Remain or Leave their Workplace?
Authors: Selander Kirsikka , Ruuskanen Petri
Published: June 2016

Third sector employees have claimed to enjoy high job satisfaction and low turnover intentions because their work is considered intrinsically rewarding. Employees have strong motivation for public service and they consider the organization’s goals as their own. This makes work meaningful and thus reduces turnover intentions. Changes in the third sector institutional environment, however, have intensified the working environment. This probably undermines job quality and thus increases turnover intentions. The analysis conducted among Finnish third sector employees showed that third sector employees report more turnover intentions than their counterparts in the public or private sector. This is mostly because of low job quality. Motivation for public service was not enough to retain employees in the organization if their values were not congruent with those of the employer organization. Thus, connection between public service motivation and turnover intentions is dependent on the organizational context. More important than employees’ desire to help others is their sharing of the employer organization’s values and that the organization provides high job quality.
Effect of a yeast industrial lysate on the evolution of red wines after bottling
Authors: Comuzzo Piergiorgio , Tat Lara , Battistutta Franco , Tasso Alex
Published: June 2016

The use of yeast polysaccharides in the stabilization of the phenolic fraction of red wines, is a recent application. Increasing amounts of an industrial product made by thermal lysis of yeast cell walls were added to two red wines: the effects on phenolic and coloring fraction were studied, in relation to bottle storage. The effects on wine color and astringency, showed strongly dependence to the characteristics of the wine and to the dosage; they were limited to short times of conservation. In fact, a loss in the positive effects on color intensity was observed during the bottle storage, probably as a result of the modifications in the colloidal equilibrium during conservation. The complexity of the conditioning factors makes other studies necessaries, in order to optimize this kind of technology.
Study of chloroanisoles assay and tca assay validation in wine and cork stoppers soaked in dilute alcohol solution using SIDA-HSSPME-GC-MS/EI-SIM*
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Labadie Dominique , Boutou Stéphane
Published: June 2016

The work we present in this article aims at optimizing and validating the assay technique based on SIDA-HSSPMEGC- MS/EI-SIM by means of intra-laboratory trials (NF V03-110 AFNOR 1998 and MA-F-AS1-06-PROVAL (OIV)) on several chloroanisoles (2,4,6-trichloroanisole, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloroanisole) likely to contaminate wine by direct or indirect contact, in order to define the precise characteristics and limitations of the method.

We showed this technique to be a specific, accurate, linear, and repeatable method. Moreover, seeing the increasing reliance on this type of approach in scientific research and industrial monitoring laboratories (ISO/TC87/GT10) to assess the quality of cork stoppers and because of the important quantity of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole present in this kind of material, we deemed appropriate to carry out an inter-laboratory study (ISO 5725-1,2,3,4 and 5) of TCA assays on dilute alcohol soaks of corks using the same method. Our results should make it easier to understand and interpret assay results obtained in different laboratories using the same technique.

 

* : Stable Isotope Dilution Assay - Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry / Electron Impact / Selected Ion Monitoring.
Genetic characterization of Albanian grapevine cultivars by microsatellite markers
Authors: Ladoukakis Emmanuel D. , Lefort François , Sotiri Petraq , Bacu Arjola , Kongjika Efigjeni , Roubelakis-Angelakis Kalliopi A.
Published: June 2016

A recently restored ampelographic collection of Albanian grapevine accessions has been submitted to genetic profiling with eleven nuclear microsatellite markers, widely used in other studies. Microsatellite profiling resulted in 28 single profiles for 29 accessions. Two cultivars, Shesh I bardhë and Pucalla, were found to be synonyms. Genetic profiles of Albanian cultivars were compared at 8 microsatellite loci to 29 most commonly cultivated Greek cultivars. Albanian cultivars were found to be more closely related to Greek cultivars from Peloponnese. One Greek cultivar named Dempina was found to be genetically close to two Albanian cultivars Debina teki and Debina kala, which are homonyms Another cultivar, known as Toska or Sinambel displayed a tri-allelic profile at 5 loci over 10 analysed loci. Such a high number of tri-allelic loci found in one individual favours the hypothesis of triploidy but the chimerism hypothesis cannot be excluded without further work.
Importance of eutypa dieback and esca in Algeria and structure of the associated fungal community
Authors: Berraf Akila , Péros Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2016

A preliminary survey performed in Algeria in 2003, revealed high percentages of dead vines and of vines affected by either Eutypa dieback or esca. Eutypa dieback appeared more frequent than esca. Cross sections revealed differents types of lesions whose frequency did not correlate with external symptoms. The main lesions were : black spots corresponding to plugged vessels, a central brown hard or soft lesion, a white rot lesion (amadou) and a sectorial brown hard lesion. The most frequent fungi isolated from the lesions were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Fomitiporia mediterranea, Phomopsis viticola et Eutypa lata. Several types of lesions and several fungi were encountered in the same vine. The association of fungi with lesions and their role in the functioning of the fungal community are discussed.
Quality characterization of wine cork stoppers using computer vision
Authors: Costa Augusta , Pereira Helena
Published: June 2016

Image analysis techniques were applied on the surface of wine cork stoppers (tops and lateral cylindrical surface) of seven commercial quality classes to characterize their porosity. An increasing trend from the best to the worst quality classes was found for features related to area of pores (i.e. maximum length and width or pore maximum area) and concentration variables (i.e. porosity coefficient or number of pores per 100 cm2). Shape variables were rather constant and mean values showed no differences between quality classes. Variation of the pores characteristics within each quality class was large especially in the mid-quality range. Therefore there were no statistically significant differences to allow the isolation of the all quality classes and overlapping was particularly important in the medium-quality classes. The reduction of grading into only three quality classes allowed to isolate statistically different subsets based on porosity coefficient and number of pores per 100 cm2. These variables can be selected for further development into quality grades specification of wine cork stoppers.
Grapevine responses to terroir: a global approach
Authors: Deloire Alain , Vaudour Emmanuelle , Carey Victoria Anne , Bonnardot Valérie , Van Leeuwen Cornelis
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with the technical and/or practical treatment of terroir as a study concept, together with related functional aspects. Functioning of the terroir relies on the relation between climate, soil and vine. In addition to this interaction, a comprehensive study concept for terroir requires the consideration of viticultural and enological sciences and techniques necessary to ensure the assurance of wine quality, together with spatial aspects of the grapevine response to environmental factors, as required for vineyard management. In order to comprehend the quality of the harvest, it is necessary to understand the relationship « whole plant - berry ». An easy field and laboratory method to study the relationship between the whole plant and berry and the consequences thereof for wine quality is proposed. Knowledge of grapevine water status and the biochemical evolution within the grape berry from berry set onwards are important issues for the understanding of the role that terroir plays with respect to the quality of the harvest and the wine style or « typicality ».
Applications and interest of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives in enology
Authors: Bornet Aurélie , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: June 2016

This review treats of the possible use interest of chitin, chitosan and derivatives in enology. Chitosan and chitin are polysaccharide polymers containing more than 5 000 glucosamine and acetylglucosamine units, respectively, and their molecular weights are over one million Daltons. Chitin is found in fungi, arthropods and marine invertebrates. Commercially, chitin is derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans (shrimp, crab and other shellfish). Chitosan is obtained from chitin by a deacetylation process. An alternative can be the obtention of chitin and chitosane derivatives from fungi source and has been developed by Kitozyme Firm.

Chitin, the polysaccharide polymer from which chitosan is derived, is a cellulose-like polymer consisting mainly of unbranched chains of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Deacetylated chitin, or chitosan, is comprised of chains of D-glucosamine. When ingested, chitosan can be considered as a dietary fiber.

The use of chitin, chitosan and derivatives should be favorable for differents aspects of wine production, in particular for : stabilization, clarification, deacidification, removal of heavy metals (lead, cadmium) or major metals (iron , copper), elimination of ochratoxin A, enzymes and pesticides.
Effect of soil covering on nitrogen availability of vineyards soils in Champagne area
Authors: Thiebeau Pascal , Herré Christian , Doledec Anne-France , Perraud André , Panigai Laurent , Mary Bruno , Nicolardot Bernard
Published: June 2016

We studied the effect of soil cover (bare soil, mulch of barks or composted organic materials, grass cover) on soil N dynamics in various experimental vineyards located in Champagne area (France). Soil cores were sampled periodically to measure water and mineral N in soil profile during autumn and winter. These measurements were used in a simple dynamic model (LIXIM) to calculate nitrate leaching and N mineralization. N mineralization potential of soils were also determined in laboratory incubations in controlled conditions. In most sites, soil inorganic N contents (0-75 cm) varied between 20 and 60 kg N ha-1, depending of the season. Soil inorganic N in plots receiving barks or composted barks or covered with grass did not differ significantly from control plots. Higher amounts of inorganic N were found in soils amended with refuse compost, peat or mixed compost (barks + farmyard manure) or composted farmyard manure. The model indicated that N leached varied from 8 to 77 kg N ha-1 and that the mean nitrate concentration in drained water was less than 50 mg NO3- L-1 except for plots receiving refuse compost or bark + farmyard manure compost. The calculated N mineralization varied from 9 to 45 kg N ha-1 over the autumn-winter period, i.e. 118 to 182 days. The N mineralization rate (Vp), expressed per 'normalised day' i.e. day at 15°C and field capacity, varied from 0.15 to 0.82 kg N ha-1 nd-1, including all sites and experimental treatments. Effect of organic matter addition on Vp was only observed for long-term experimental sites where large amounts of organic nitrogen had been added to soil using peat, refuse compost or compost mixtures with barks and farmyard manure. The Vp values measured in laboratory incubations showed the same trends and were in the same order of magnitude than those calculated with LIXIM model using in situ data. In average, the values measured in laboratory incubations underestimated the actual N mineralization in field conditions. The model was used to predict N mineralization and inorganic N in soil during the vegetative period using Vp values. It allowed to estimate the N uptake by vine: 10 ± 5 kg N ha-1 at flowering and 57 ± 5 kg N ha-1 over the whole growing period. These results show that soil N availability was sufficient to feed the vine during the whole growing period and that no inorganic N fertilisation was necessary, even in the grass covered soil. In this soil, water availability is probably the limiting factor when depressive effects are observed. On the long-term, it is necessary to manage the amount and quality of added organic matter since organic inputs may modify N availability and therefore vine behaviour, wine quality and environmental risks.
Paneth Cells in Colonic Adenomas: Association with Higher Adenoma Burden
Authors: Santiago Rex Michael , Pua Glenda Lyn
Published: June 2016

Introduction. The association of Paneth cells with colorectal neoplasms has been demonstrated in several studies and case reports. The frequency of Paneth cell-containing adenomas ranges from 0.2 to 39% in the various published studies. Although adenomas with Paneth cells have already been recognized before, there are no studies in the Philippines, that have been done to evaluate their clinicopathologic features. This study was performed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of Paneth cell-containing adenomas and their association with adenoma burden.Methodology. A total of 326 colorectal adenomas from 133 patients diagnosed consecutively from April 2013 to June 2013 at St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines, were reviewed. These were checked for the presence of Paneth cells within the adenomatous crypts. The differences in gender and location were analyzed using one tail z-test, while the association of Paneth-cell containing adenomas with adenoma burden was analyzed using univariate odds ratio at 95% confidence interval.Results. The frequency of Paneth cell-containing adenomas in this study of 326 adenomas is 15% (50 of 326 adenomas). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of the lesion between male and female patients (32% vs. 15%; p=0.2041). There was also no statistical difference in their occurrence in the proximal and distal colon (18% vs. 14%; p=0.1723). The odds of having multiple adenomas for patients with Paneth cell-containing adenomas are 3.16 times higher than those patients without Paneth cell-containing adenomas (15 patients with one adenoma, 23 patients with more than one adenoma; p=0.0037).Conclusion. This study has demonstrated the increased odds of harboring multiple adenomas in patients with Paneth-cell containing adenomas.  This may be attributed in part to the fact that there have been recent studies revolving around Paneth cells that have shown that an established pathway of colorectal tumorigenesis, the APC/Wnt/β-catenin pathway, regulates differentiation towards this cell lineage.
Biological Risk Assessment: Zika Virus Detection at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
Authors: Medina Plebeian , Calzado Catherine , Centeno Rex , Tandoc III Amado , Lupisan Socorro
Published: June 2016

Background. Biosafety is the application of containment principles and risk assessment. Risk assessment is an essential component of biological risk management program. It determines the most appropriate mitigation control measure to minimize the risk of Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs). In the laboratory response to emerging disease causing pathogen such as Zika virus, the risk for laboratory exposure and infection must be assessed. Objectives.  We have conducted biosafety risk assessment of the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine’s (RITM) Virology Laboratory to identify the hazards, characterize the risks, determine laboratory compliance with biosafety standards and the competence of the laboratory personnel involved as part of the institutional preparedness for disease outbreak investigation and surveillance of Zika Virus. The information gathered shall guide the selection of appropriate mitigation control measures for the prevention of LAIs. Methodology. We utilized the Biosafety for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition guidelines in conducting risk assessment. Risk characterization was performed by determining the likelihood and the consequence of the identified biological risk and plotting it in a diagram using Microsoft Excel. Risk characterization of ZikV was compared using the risk assessment tool, BioRAM© developed by Sandia National Laboratory.Results. The RITM Virology laboratory is generally compliant to the basic biosafety standards. Laboratory staff has established competence and experience in handling specimens for diagnostic test by ELISA and PCR. The risk of infection with ZikV is found to range from very low to low, however, the risk of acquiring other blood-borne pathogens brought by handling serum samples is found to be higher.Conclusion.  We have analyzed the risk of acquiring Zika at the RITM Virology laboratory as part of the institute’s overall preparedness, through biological risk assessment as described in BMBL 5th Edition. The risk of acquiring ZikV infection while performing diagnostic tests range from very low to low. The risk of acquiring other blood borne pathogens is higher  compared to the risk of infection to the pathogen being assessed. Mitigation control measures against direct contact and percutaneous exposure must be implemented and monitored. This risk assessment strategy will further strengthen  RITM laboratory’s capacity to respond to infectious disease threats and increase staff confidence in dealing with infectious materials in the laboratory.
Intraoperative Frozen Section Assessment of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Six-Year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Tolentino-Molina Maria Kariza Laqui , Datay-Lim Sarah Jane , Alcazaren Elizabeth Ann
Published: June 2016

Objective. To determine the reliability of intraoperative frozen section (FS) assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer patients and describe the factors affecting its evaluation.Methodology.  Records of 245 breast cancer patients with FS of SLNs from December 2007 to December 2013 were retrieved and analyzed. The effect of discordant FS examination and pathology findings on axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was then evaluated.Results. Of the total 616 SLNs evaluated, 85 (13.80%) SLNs were positive on FS, with the majority having a histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (62.04%). Overall identification rate was 98.36%. Frozen section biopsies had good correlation with permanent sections, with a sensitivity (Sn) of 92.39%, specificity (Sp) of 100%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%. Negative cases on FS but were found positive on permanent sections were all cases of micrometastases, giving a false negative rate of 1.31% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.68%. Validation with ALND showed Sn of 100%, Sp of 50%, NPV of 100%, and PPV of 37.17%.Conclusion. The 6 year data on intraoperative FS reliably evaluated the SLN status of breast cancer patients with a negligible false negative rate. Factors affecting its effectiveness include the predictors of nodal involvement, multilevel sectioning, and size of metastases.
Exploration of ADHD Subtype Definitions and Co-Occurring Psychopathology in a Missouri Population-Based Large Sibship Sample
Authors: Reiersen Angela M. , Todorov Alexandre A.
Published: June 2016

Background: There is some debate regarding the utility of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes as currently defined. Differences in co-occurring psychopathology among subtypes would support the validity of subtype definitions.

Objective: To explore how ADHD subtype relates to co-occurring psychopathology in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents (n=5744).

Method: Parents completed the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal behavior (SWAN) questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Methods including discriminant analysis, principal components analysis, and fractional polynomial regression were used to examine the relationship between ADHD diagnostic subtypes and co-occurring psychopathology.

Results: Children with different ADHD subtypes show differences on several CBCL subscales. A combination of CBCL sub-scales and SRS score had good ability to discriminate ADHD subtypes. Conversely, for the same overall number of ADHD symptoms, individuals who present with both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms exhibit higher severity of co-occurring psychopathology on a summary measure derived from principal components analysis of the CBCL subscales and SRS. This includes some subjects who fail to meet the DSM-IV-TR ADHD symptom criterion due to having less than 6 inattentive and less than six hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, yet have ADHD symptom severity similar to those with the inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive subtype.

Conclusions: Several convergent lines of analysis provide support for the continued use of ADHD subtypes (or current presentation symptom profiles), as evidenced by differences in co-existing psychopathlogy. We also found that current diagnostic criteria may fail to identify a potentially impaired group of individuals who have low-to-moderate levels of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Under the upcoming DSM-5, it will be important for clinicians to consider the option of giving an ADHD “not elsewhere classified” diagnosis to such children.
A ESCRITA BIOGRÁFICA: IMPASSES, TENSÕES E NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Muniz Junior João
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho é uma adaptação de um dos capítulos da nossa Dissertação de Mestrado, intitulada “Biografia e história: panteonização e iconoclastia em narrativas de Raimundo Magalhães Junior”, defendida no ano de 2015 junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis – UNESP. Visto que a discussão sobre a temática biográfica se amplificou nos últimos anos, seria impraticável em um texto como um artigo explorar detalhadamente os avanços e recuos, os usos e desusos que o biografismo sofreu ao longo do tempo, em especial, nas últimas décadas. Sendo assim, decidimos elencar pontos que envolvem a discussão em torno do gênero biográfico a fim de tecermos algumas análises e considerações. Ainda assim, alertamos que apesar de considerarmos apenas algumas questões para o nosso debate, este será conduzido de maneira sucinta, comedida. O objetivo do artigo é discutir, em um primeiro momento, aspectos que envolvem a narrativa biográfica e a escrita da história, tomando como ponto de partida a discussão da questão do hibridismo que marca o biografismo, misto de história e de literatura, e tocando ainda na questão ética do ofício do biógrafo; em seguida, problematizamos o chamado retorno do gênero e a ideia de que fora abandonado pelos Annales; por fim, passamos a uma reflexão sobre as novas perspectivas para confecção de narrativas de vidas, que envolvem, entre outras possibilidades, o uso de uma hermenêutica do tempo, o conceito de biografemas cunhado por Roland Barthes, e ainda, a ideia de pluralização das identidades. DOI: 10.21665/2318-3888.v3n6p14-50
“BRASILEIRO DE MEIA COR E MEIA CLASSE”: A VIDA DE GONÇALVES DIAS POR LÚCIA MIGUEL PEREIRA
Authors: Fernandes Andréa Camila de Faria , Gonçalves Marcia de Almeida
Published: June 2016

Ao longo das décadas de 1920 a 1950, na sociedade brasileira, a escrita biográfica adquiriu novas formas e funções entre intelectuais, editores, empreendedores do mundo dos livros e leitores. Assistiu-se à significativa proliferação editorial de biografias, fato que foi acompanhado pelo debate acerca da emergência da biografia moderna em terras brasileiras. O debate não se configurou apenas como a problematização de uma nova biografia, foi também, para alguns intelectuais, a perspectiva de redimensionar a escrita da história nacional. Nesse sentido, se a história, enquanto conhecimento disciplinar era, por excelência, um instrumento basilar na configuração da identidade nacional, a discussão de como ela deveria ser escrita, e de que sujeitos deveriam protagonizá-la, acabava por cruzar com o debate sobre a emergência de uma nova biografia, na delimitação de quem de fato construíra ou havia construído para edificação da nação, suas singularidades políticas e referências culturais. Entre os autores que estiveram envolvidos com essas questões, destacamos Lúcia Miguel Pereira. Autora de biografia de Machado de Assis e de Gonçalves Dias, Lúcia Miguel Pereira desenvolveu trabalhos onde buscava “fazer viver” seu biografado, apresentando-os como sujeitos imersos nas incertezas das circunstâncias históricas. Para a autora, a biografia era o melhor meio de se fazer história, pois, em função de determinados recursos retóricos, produziria efeitos sensibilizadores sobre seus leitores, tornando os brasileiros mais interessados pelas grandes figuras de sua terra. Lucia Miguel Pereira buscava na biografia o que julgava faltar no ensaio histórico e entendia que o hibridismo das biografias modernas, “nem romance nem história”, instituía o equilíbrio necessário e sedutor. Nesse artigo analisaremos a biografia “A vida de Gonçalves Dias”, publicada por Lúcia Miguel Pereira em 1943, entendendo que esse texto possibilita não apenas investigar um novo modelo de escrita biográfica, mas também analisar os processos de canonização e de construção das imagens de Gonçalves Dias associadas à galeria dos “brasileiros ideais”. DOI: 10.21665/2318-3888.v3n6p191-211