bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Interactive Response Systems in Economics: utility and factors influencing students’ attitudes
Authors: Bares López Lydia , Fernández Pérez Ana Mª , Ferrándiz León Esther , Flores Varo Mª Esther , León Rodríguez Mª Dolores
Published: April 2017

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) involves changing traditional methods to promote innovative teaching experiences. This paper has two main aims: a) to show evidence of the use of Interactive Response Systems (IRS) to identify gaps in the understanding of the course contents and b) to investigate factors influencing students’ attitudes towards the use of IRS. The experience was developed through a collective tutoring session in the subject of Economics using IRS. Economics is a first-year subject in the Degree of Business Administration and Management offered by the University of Cadiz, which includes contents of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics and uses economic models to explain the function of the economy and the behaviour of economic agents. Results show that IRS technique allows detecting gaps in learning and comprehension. From our econometric estimations, we also identify two strongly significant variables affecting students’ attitudes towards IRS: gender and received explanations regarding the use of IRS. Variables such as first enrolment in the subject and the number of hours devoted to studying have a positive and significant effect on the attitude to IRS, but at a lower level of significance (from 5% to 10%).
BIG-DATA and the Challenges for Statistical Inference and Economics Teaching and Learning
Authors: Peñaloza Figueroa J.L. , Vargas Perez C.
Published: April 2017

The  increasing  automation  in  data  collection,  either  in  structured  or

unstructured formats, as well as the development of reading, concatenation and comparison algorithms and the growing analytical skills which characterize the era of Big Data, cannot not only be considered a technological achievement, but an organizational, methodological and analytical challenge for knowledge as well, which is necessary to generate opportunities and added value.

In fact, exploiting the potential of Big-Data includes all fields of community activity; and given its ability to extract behaviour patterns, we are interested in the challenges for the field of teaching and learning, particularly in the field of statistical inference and economic theory.

Big-Data can improve the understanding of concepts, models and techniques used in both statistical inference and economic theory, and it can also generate reliable and robust short and long term predictions. These facts have led to the demand for analytical capabilities, which in turn encourages teachers and students to demand access to massive information produced by individuals, companies and public and private organizations in their transactions and inter- relationships.

Mass data (Big Data) is changing the way people access, understand and organize knowledge, which in turn is causing a shift in the approach to statistics and economics teaching, considering them as a real way of thinking rather than just operational and technical disciplines. Hence, the question is how teachers can use automated collection and analytical skills to their advantage when teaching statistics and economics; and whether it will lead to a change in what is taught and how it is taught.
Impact of typhoons on the composition of the upper troposphere within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: the SWOP campaign in Lhasa 2013
Authors: Li Dan , Vogel Bärbel , Bian Jianchun , Müller Rolf , Pan Laura L. , Günther Gebhard , Bai Zhixuan , Li Qian , Zhang Jinqiang , Fan Qiujun , Vömel Holger
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In the frame of the SWOP (sounding water vapour, ozone, and particle) campaign during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), ozone and water vapour profiles were measured by balloon-borne sensors launched from Lhasa (29.66° N, 91.14° E, elevation 3650 m), China, in August 2013. In total, 24 soundings were launched, nearly half of which show strong variations in the relationship between ozone and water vapour in the tracer–tracer correlation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). For each sounding, 20-day backward trajectories were calculated using the trajectory module of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to analyse these variations. The trajectory calculations demonstrate that three tropical cyclones (tropical storm Jebi, typhoons Utor and Trami), which occurred over the western Pacific Ocean during August 2013, had a considerable impact on the vertical distribution of ozone and water vapour by uplifting marine air masses to altitudes of the ASM anticyclone. Air parcels subsequently arrived at the observation site via two primary pathways: firstly via direct horizontal transport from the location of the typhoon to the station within approximately 3 days, and secondly via transport following the clockwise wind flow of the ASM within a timescale of 1 week. Furthermore, the interplay between the spatial position of the ASM anticyclone and tropical cyclones plays a key role in controlling the transport pathways of air parcels from the boundary layer of the western Pacific to Lhasa in horizontal and vertical transport. Moreover, the statistical analysis shows that the strongest impact by typhoons is found at altitudes between 14.5 and 17 km (365–375 K). Low ozone values (50–80 ppbv) were observed between 370 and 380 K due to the strong vertical transport within tropical cyclones.
Spatial and temporal variability in MLT turbulence inferred from in situ and ground-based observations during the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign
Authors: Strelnikov Boris , Szewczyk Artur , Strelnikova Irina , Latteck Ralph , Baumgarten Gerd , Lübken Franz-Josef , Rapp Markus , Fasoulas Stefanos , Löhle Stefan , Eberhart Martin , Hoppe Ulf-Peter , Dunker Tim , Friedrich Martin , Hedin Jonas , Khaplanov Mikhail , Gumbel Jörg , Barjatya Aroh
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In summer 2013 the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center (ACS) in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E). Among other things, it addressed the question of the variability in mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) turbulence, both in time and space. A unique feature of the WADIS project was multi-point turbulence sounding applying different measurement techniques including rocket-borne ionization gauges, VHF MAARSY radar, and VHF EISCAT radar near Tromsø. This allowed for horizontal variability to be observed in the turbulence field in the MLT at scales from a few to 100 km. We found that the turbulence dissipation rate, ε varied in space in a wavelike manner both horizontally and in the vertical direction. This wavelike modulation reveals the same vertical wavelengths as those seen in gravity waves. We also found that the vertical mean value of radar observations of ε agrees reasonably with rocket-borne measurements. In this way defined 〈εradar〉 value reveals clear tidal modulation and results in variation by up to 2 orders of magnitude with periods of 24 h. The 〈εradar〉 value also shows 12 h and shorter (1 to a few hours) modulations resulting in one decade of variation in 〈εradar〉 magnitude. The 24 h modulation appeared to be in phase with tidal change of horizontal wind observed by SAURA-MF radar. Such wavelike and, in particular, tidal modulation of the turbulence dissipation field in the MLT region inferred from our analysis is a new finding of this work.
Methane exchange at the peatland forest floor – automatic chamber system exposes the dynamics of small fluxes
Authors: Korkiakoski Mika , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Aurela Mika , Koskinen Markku , Minkkinen Kari , Ojanen Paavo , Penttilä Timo , Rainne Juuso , Laurila Tuomas , Lohila Annalea
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We measured methane (CH4) exchange rates with automatic chambers at the forest floor of a nutrient-rich drained peatland in 2011–2013. The fen, located in southern Finland, was drained for forestry in 1969 and the tree stand is now a mixture of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and pubescent birch. Our measurement system consisted of six transparent chambers and stainless steel frames, positioned on a number of different field and moss layer compositions. Gas concentrations were measured with an online cavity ring-down spectroscopy gas analyzer. Fluxes were calculated with both linear and exponential regression. The use of linear regression resulted in systematically smaller CH4 fluxes by 10–45 % as compared to exponential regression. However, the use of exponential regression with small fluxes ( <  2.5 µg CH4 m−2 h−1) typically resulted in anomalously large absolute fluxes and high hour-to-hour deviations. Therefore, we recommend that fluxes are initially calculated with linear regression to determine the threshold for low fluxes and that higher fluxes are then recalculated using exponential regression. The exponential flux was clearly affected by the length of the fitting period when this period was  <  190 s, but stabilized with longer periods. Thus, we also recommend the use of a fitting period of several minutes to stabilize the results and decrease the flux detection limit. There were clear seasonal dynamics in the CH4 flux: the forest floor acted as a CH4 sink particularly from early summer until the end of the year, while in late winter the flux was very small and fluctuated around zero. However, the magnitude of fluxes was relatively small throughout the year, ranging mainly from −130 to +100 µg CH4 m−2 h−1. CH4 emission peaks were observed occasionally, mostly in summer during heavy rainfall events. Diurnal variation, showing a lower CH4 uptake rate during the daytime, was observed in all of the chambers, mainly in the summer and late spring, particularly in dry conditions. It was attributed more to changes in wind speed than air or soil temperature, which suggest that physical rather than biological phenomena are responsible for the observed variation. The annual net CH4 exchange varied from −104 ± 30 to −505 ± 39 mg CH4 m−2 yr−1 among the six chambers, with an average of −219 mg CH4 m−2 yr−1 over the 2-year measurement period.
Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport
Authors: Repschläger Janne , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Weinelt Mara , Schneider Ralph
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Previous studies suggested that short-term freshening events in the subpolar gyre can be counterbalanced by advection of saline waters from the subtropical gyre and thus stabilize the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, little is known about the inter-gyre transport pathways. Here, we infer changes in surface and subsurface transport between the subtropical and polar North Atlantic during the last 11 000 years, by combining new temperature and salinity reconstructions obtained from combined δ18O and Mg ∕ Ca measurements on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera with published foraminiferal abundance data from the subtropical North Atlantic, and with salinity and temperature data from the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic. This compilation implies an overall stable subtropical warm surface water transport since 10 ka BP. In contrast, subsurface warm water transport started at about 8 ka but still with subsurface heat storage in the subtropical gyre. The full strength of intergyre exchange was probably reached only after the onset of northward transport of warm saline subsurface waters at about 7 ka BP, associated with the onset of the modern AMOC mode. A critical evaluation of different potential forcing mechanisms leads to the assumption that freshwater supply from the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the main control on subtropical to subpolar ocean transport at surface and subsurface levels.
Comparative evaluation of rainfall-runoff modelling against flow
duration curves in semi-humid catchments
Authors: Kim Daeha , Jung Ilwon , Chun Jong Ahn
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Streamflow prediction using rainfall-runoff models has long been a special subject in hydrological sciences, and parameter identification is still challenging in ungauged catchments. In this study, we comparatively evaluated predictive performance of rainfall-runoff modelling against the flow duration curve (FDC), which is gaining attention as signature-based parameter identification, by comparing it with conventional hydrograph-based approaches for gauged and ungauged catchments. Using a parsimonious model GR4J under a Monte-Carlo framework, we conducted rainfall-runoff modelling against observed hydrographs and empirical FDCs for 45 gauged catchments in South Korea. By treating each catchment as ungauged, the parameter calibration against regional FDCs was compared with the proximity-based parameter regionalisation in terms of hydrograph and flow signature reproducibility. Results showed that the FDC calibration could lead to noticeably weaker performance and higher uncertainty in predictions in gauged catchments due to the absence of flow timing. The calibration against regional FDCs, which were estimated by a geostatistical method, also showed weaker performance than the proximity-based parameter regionalisation. A relative merit of the FDC calibration was high performance in predicting low flows. From the evaluation of signature reproducibility, it is suggested that metrics describing flow dynamics such as the rising limb density should be added as complementary constraints for improving rainfall-runoff modelling against FDCs.
Surface water floods in Switzerland: what insurance claim records
tell us about the caused damages in space and time
Authors: Bernet Daniel B. , Prasuhn Volker , Weingartner Rolf
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Surface water floods (SWFs) have received increasing attention in the recent years. Nevertheless, we still know relatively little about where, when and why such floods occur and cause damages, largely owed to a lack of data, but to some degree also because of terminological ambiguities. Therefore, in a preparatory step, we summarize related terms and identify the need for unequivocal terminology across disciplines and international boundaries in order to bring the science together. Thereafter, we introduce a large (n = 63'117), long (10–33 years) and representative (48 % of all Swiss buildings covered) data set of spatially explicit Swiss insurance flood claims. Based on registered flood damages to buildings, the main aims of this study are twofold: First, we introduce a methodology to differentiate damages caused by SWFs and fluvial floods based on the geographical location of each damaged object in relation to flood hazard maps and the hydrological network. Second, we analyze the data with respect to their spatial and temporal distributions aimed at quantitatively answering the fundamental questions of how relevant SWF damages really are, as well as where and when they occur in space and time. This study reveals that SWFs are responsible for at least 45 % of all flood damages to buildings and 23 % of the associated direct tangible losses, whereas lower losses per claim are responsible for the lower loss share. The Swiss lowlands are affected more heavily by SWFs than the alpine regions. At the same time, the results show that the damages are not evenly distributed within each region either. By far the most SWF damages occur during summer in almost all regions. The normalized damages of all regions show no significant upward trend of SWF damages between 1993–2013. We conclude that SWFs are in fact a highly relevant process in Switzerland that should receive similar attention like fluvial flood hazards. Moreover, as SWF damages almost always coincide with fluvial flood damages, we suggest to consider SWFs, just as fluvial floods, as integrated processes of our catchments.
Investigating the Real: Arthur Miller's Postmodernist Detectives
Authors: Leinster Ciarán
Published: April 2017

For all of the work that is published on Arthur Miller, very little seems to consider the potential for a postmodernist sensibility within his work. In this article, I argue that if we compare The New York Trilogy by Paul Auster to Miller's own detective plays, Some Kind of Love Story and Clara, then a new understanding of these plays can be reached through the lens of postmodernism. I contend that this latter phase of Miller's career began with The Archbishop's Ceiling, and draw on the work of Andrew Sofer and Ramón Espejo Romero, in particular, to advance my thesis that Miller's method of writing and thinking moved toward a postmodernist sensibility in his later years.
A Note on the Limits of Interpretation: Thoughts on Recent Miller Productions
Authors: Palmer David
Published: April 2017

Consider different interpretations of characters and themes in recent productions of All My Sons, Broken Glass, and A View from the Bridge. When does an interpretation provide new insights, and when does it tip over into a misunderstanding of the play?
Gender Studies in the Post-Theoretical Era: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: April 2017

After the decline of literary and cultural theory in the West, it has witnessed the coming of a post-theoretic era in which there is no such thing as a dominant theory as it used to be. The same is true of China where theory, especially that from the West, was extremely popular among Chinese literary and cultural theorists. But contrary to the situation in the West, some Western theories are still attractive to Chinese literary and cultural theorists, such as gender theory. In this article, the author argues that when theory travels to other places, its function and significance would change more or less, and sometimes, a different phenomenon would appear, which manifests itself in the continuous popularity and flourishing of theory in China in the past decades. Even in such a post-theoretical era, various theoretical and cultural trends still function in a limited sphere. But Western theory could function effectively in China only when it is contextualized. That is, it should be relocated in the Chinese context. This has been particularly proved by the popularity of gender theory, especially that of Judith Butler, and gender studies in present day China.
The Past Never Passes Away: The Literary Representation of Jewish Refugees in Shanghai
Authors: Qiao Guoqiang
Published: April 2017

The literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai plays an important part in Holocaust literature, which reflects Jewish suffering during World War II and traumatic memory in the wake of the war. In this essay, the author discusses the literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai from three aspects: wandering as second nature with Jews, Shanghai in Jewish refugees' literary representation, and their past recomposed as traumatic memory. The author wishes to suggest that the literary representation of Jewish refugees in Shanghai exposes not only the disaster in the past but also the complexity of translating the past into the present.
World Literature as Event: Ibsen and Modern Chinese Fiction
Authors: He Chengzhou
Published: April 2017

Based on Franco Moretti's conception of distant reading, I propose that world literature is not an object, but is rather an act or event that is temporally and spatially constituted, destined to undergo a process of changes and transformations in different local contexts. World literature should address at least three major issues: first, the otherness of the foreign author or his texts in local context; second, the inventiveness of the specific narratives in the local writings; third, the creative power of the works for their readers and the society they live in. In this article, Ibsen in China is studied from a new perspective of event in world literature. The focus of the analysis is on the event of female protagonists reading A Doll's House in modern Chinese novels. Questions analyzed include: Who are those people reading A Doll's House in modern Chinese novels? How do the Chinese female protagonists perform as Nora and fight for their independence and freedom? What impact do the fictional works have on the New Culture Movement in China? Moreover, how does this study of Ibsen and Nora in China provoke new reflections on world literature?
Memories and Their Literary Representations: A Comparative Reading of Red Sorghum and True History of the Kelly Gang
Authors: Peng Qinglong
Published: April 2017

Mo Yan and Peter Carey are internationally acclaimed writers who have written a number of historical novels. They share many similarities in their characterization and narrative skills as they subvert official narrative memories; however, they differ in their explorations of their respective national psyches. Mo Yan's Red Sorghum and Carey's True History of the Kelly Gang represent memories of historical events and figures which depict their bandits, Yu Zhan'ao (Red Sorghum) and Ned Kelly (Kelly Gang), as heroes in dark and turbulent periods. This article suggests that these characters are a reflection of the cruel histories that Chinese and Australian peoples have experienced in fighting against their enemies. Through Mo Yan and Carey's literary representation of memories within the characters of Zhan'ao and Kelly, the aesthetic value of the fiction brings the histories to life.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-(3-CHROMENYL)-4-ETHOXYCARBONYL-1-(4-FLUOROBENZYL)-5-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 3-OXIDES
Authors: Razgulyaev Vladislav I. , Nikitina Polina A. , Koldaeva Tatiana Yu. , Miroshnikov Vladimir S. , Perevalov Valery P.
Published: April 2017

In addition to our search for probable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in the series of imidazole derivatives a possibility of preparation of 2-(3-chromenyl)substituted imidazole 3-oxides containing fluorobenzyl moiety in position 1 of imidazole ring as a potential pharmacophore was demonstrated. 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyl-2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)imidazole 3-oxide 4a and 4-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyli-midazole 3-oxide 4b were synthesized starting with fluorobenzylamine 1, ethyl 2-(hydroxyimino)-3-oxobutanoate 2 and 4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-carbaldehyde 3a or 6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-carbaldehyde 3b, respectively. The condensation was carried out at room temperature in glacial acetic acid. Two novel imidazole N-oxides were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. It should be noted that in 1H NMR spectra of the discussed imidazole N-oxides (recorded in deuterated DMSO) the singlet of the proton in the position 2 of chromenyl ring is shifted to lower field (8.70 and 8.78, respectively) as compared with the signals of other aromatic protons. Such deshielding is typical for this kind of heterocyclic system and may be explained by the influence of the electron-withdrawing of N-oxide moiety. In the IR spectrum of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methyl-2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)imidazole 3-oxide 4a the absorption bands corresponding to the carbonyl groups appear at 1641 cm-1 (for C=O in the position 4 of chromenyl ring) and 1641 cm-1 (C=O of the ester moiety). In the IR spectrum of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methylimidazole 3-oxide 4b the position of the former band remains practically unchanged (1646 cm-1), whereas the latter band is shifted to higher frequencies (1715 cm-1) due to intermolecular interactions with OH-group in the position 6 of the chromene. The absorption band for this group appears as a broad band with medium intensity and maximum absorption at 3228 cm-1. In the mass spectra of imidazole N-oxides under consideration peaks of the molecular ions (M+) and peaks (M-16) are observed. The demonstrated possibility of the synthesis of the titled compounds allows the further planning of the synthesis of a series of such structures varying the substituents in both chromenyl and imidazole rings. Forcitation:Razgulyaev V.I., Nikitina P.A., Koldaeva T.Yu., Miroshnikov V.S., Perevalov V.P. Synthesisof  2-(3-chromenyl)-4-ethoxycarbo-nyl-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-methylimidazole 3-oxides. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 2. P. 17-19.
De Kingston à Montréal
Authors: Gallichan Gilles
Published: April 2017

L’union du Haut et du Bas-Canada en 1840 a ouvert un long débat sur la ville qui deviendrait la capitale de la nouvelle province du Canada-Uni. En 1841, le gouverneur Sydenham a choisi Kingston, une petite ville du Haut-Canada située à l’est du lac Ontario. Ce choix s’est rapidement avéré malheureux et a déplu à toute la classe politique, mais les députés et conseillers législatifs ne s’entendaient pas sur la ville qui pourrait devenir le nouveau siège du gouvernement. Après Sydenham, les gouverneurs Charles Bagot (1841-1842) et Charles Metcalfe (1842-1845) ont dû arbitrer et choisir Montréal qui est devenue la nouvelle capitale en 1843, non sans soulever plusieurs contestations.
La Centrale d’artisanat du Québec à Montréal
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: April 2017

La naissance de la Centrale d’artisanat du Québec, en 1950, est l’aboutissement d’un cheminement éducatif et sociopolitique dans le contexte d’après-guerre, favorable à la prospérité. Jean-Marie Gauvreau, son président fondateur, est à sa tête jusqu’en 1963. Durant l’effervescente période des années 1970, une autre figure de proue marque particulièrement l’évolution de l’organisme : l’architecte-designer Cyril Simard, qui y est directeur pendant sept ans. Gauvreau et Simard s’efforcent de présenter un Québec contemporain, inspiré de techniques traditionnelles, mais dans une production réinventée et modernisée. Ils croient profondément au pouvoir économique des artisans et des créateurs des métiers d’art. Les associations culture-économie et traditioncréation déterminent leur pensée et leurs actions. La Centrale d’artisanat témoigne de la reconnaissance d’un artisanat domestique et professionnel, puis, à la lumière de nouveaux concepts et sous une nouvelle appellation, des métiers d’art. Elle vise à promouvoir la qualité Québec et à favoriser le développement des économies régionales.
Les Chroniques musicales de Gilles Marcotte
Authors: Lefebvre Marie-Thérèse
Published: April 2017

Gilles Marcotte a été un brillant écrivain et critique des littératures québécoise et française et son oeuvre a marqué plusieurs générations d’étudiants. Il a également été un chroniqueur musical apprécié des lecteurs de la revue Liberté pour laquelle il a publié, entre 1985 et 1999, 73 chroniques sous le titre L’amateur de musique, en plus des références à la musique qui parsèment plusieurs de ses textes journalistiques. D’où lui est venu cet intérêt pour l’art musical ? Comment en parle-t-il ? Quels sont ses liens avec la littérature ? C’est à ces questions que nous souhaitons répondre en proposant dans un premier temps le parcours biographique, depuis Sherbrooke, sa ville natale jusqu’à Montréal où il s’installe en 1948, suivi dans un second temps, de l’analyse des chroniques musicales : l’importance qu’il accorde à la provenance du son, les instruments qu’il affectionne particulièrement, le répertoire fréquenté et ses propos sur la modernité et la musique contemporaine. L’article se termine par quelques observations sur le style littéraire qu’utilise Gilles Marcotte, « l’allure du parler », cette manière toute particulière d’entrer dans l’intimité du lecteur, et sur l’humour qui teinte agréablement plusieurs de ses textes.
1917 : une première célébration de la fondation de Montréal
Authors: Lacroix Laurier
Published: April 2017

Les efforts combinés de la Société historique de Montréal, de la Société d’archéologie et de numismatique et de l’Association catholique de la Jeunesse Canadienne, sous le leadership de Victor Morin, vont permettre de réaliser la première célébration officielle de fondation de Montréal en 1917. À l’occasion du 275e anniversaire de la ville, ces associations développent un programme qui réunit origine religieuse et valeurs patriotiques, commémoration et développement historique de Ville-Marie. Différentes activités : messe épiscopale, visite guidée du Vieux Montréal, commémoration de la mémoire des fondatrices des communautés religieuses et réunion fournissent l’occasion aux représentants civils et religieux d’énoncer leur position face à Montréal et à la société canadienne. Les propos tenus lors de ces fêtes des 17 et 18 mai offrent un condensé des positions idéologiques de l’élite cléricale, canadienne — tant des francophones que des anglophones —, et française. Montréal devient un carrefour des valeurs en présence dans la société québécoise entre bonententisme et nationalisme, francophilie et impérialisme britannique.
Escolarização da infância em cidades de colonização recente de Mato Grosso
Authors: Figueiredo de Sá Elizabeth , Lira Perin Clailton , Kunntz Beck Katia Maria
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo se insere nas discussões sobre os processos históricos de fundação e constituição da educação em cidades de Mato Grosso, colonizadas no século XX, de modo a conhecer, analisar e contribuir para com o entendimento da seguinte problemática: Como fora tratada a escolarização da infância durante o “estímulo” à ocupação territorial do estado entre os anos de 1960 a 1980? A pesquisa se desenvolveu na perspectiva da Nova História Cultural. A delimitação do estudo justifica-se em razão do processo de colonização por empresas privadas terem iniciado seus trabalhos a partir da década de 1960, ocasionando acentuado processo migratório para o território mato-grossense, principalmente para as regiões que receberam um forte estímulo do estado para tornar essas localidades produtivas economicamente. Para tal, as cidades de Tangará da Serra e Alta Floresta serviram de lócus para tal investigação, por terem sido criadas e administradas por colonizadoras privadas que atraíram a migração de colonos da região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil para trabalhar com o cultivo de terras no estado de Mato Grosso. As empresas colonizadoras buscavam concretizar seus interesses, e, para tal, assumiam a responsabilidade de todo o empreendimento como as obras de infraestrutura, medição e demarcação das terras, abertura de estradas vicinais, implantação de núcleos urbanos, instalações de serviço de saúde, educação, ações sociais, entre outros. A pesquisa possibilitou perceber que as iniciativas voltadas para a escolarização da infância, embora contassem com o compromisso do estado e das colonizadoras, foram resultantes de iniciativas dos próprios migrantes.
Educação especial em Roraima: impacto dos processos migratórios na constituição da área
Authors: Romano Siems Marcondes Maria Edith
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo apresentamos nossa compreensão de como os processos migratórios ocorridos no Território Federal de Roraima entre as décadas de 1970 e 1990 impactaram na constituição dos serviços especializados em educação especial daquele território. Este, é parte de pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral compreender os processos históricos de constituição da educação especial em Roraima oferecidos, em sua totalidade, como parte das atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão gestor da educação. O processo de pesquisa foi desenvolvido na perspectiva de E. P. Thompson de uma “história vista de baixo”; teve como participantes professores e técnicos atuantes naqueles serviços à época de sua implantação, com os quais foram realizadas entrevistas e mapeados documentos do cotidiano laboral. Foi possível constatar que a chegada de profissionais especializados em áreas como a fonoaudiologia, fisioterapia, educação física e psicologia, oriundos de estados do sul e do nordeste do Brasil, impactaram diretamente nos processos de estruturação dos serviços sendo, inclusive, em alguns casos, esses processos migratórios induzidos pelos próprios gestores, no intuito de captar profissionais especializados aptos a atender demandas da área. Os resultados possibilitam ainda, refletir sobre como a entrada de profissionais migrantes de outras regiões, em que a educação especial se constituía como atividade terapêutica e assistencial, altera os processos de trabalho realizados, levando práticas que em seu nascedouro priorizavam a escolarização dos estudantes com deficiência, sejam transformadas em práticas com foco clínico e terapêutico, acompanhando a tendência das instituições filantrópicas atuantes nos demais estados brasileiros.
Successful Excision of Cutaneous Horns in the Foot and Application of a Full-Thickness Pinch Skin Graft for Primary Closure
Authors: Lalehparvar Sanaz , Mohiuddin Ayesha , Labib Irene
Published: April 2017

Cutaneous horns (cornu cutaneum) are chronic, dense, hyperkeratotic cutaneous lesions resembling the horn of an animal. These lesions are associated with a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant cutaneous diseases. Cutaneous horns are often found on the upper parts of the body, such as the face, neck, and shoulders. These lesions rarely occur in areas with no sun exposure, such as the feet. We present the case of a 51-year-old man with two cutaneous horns on the lateral aspect of the third digit of the left foot. Treatment consisted of excision of the lesions and application of a full-thickness skin graft from the ipsilateral sinus tarsi.
Age Estimation Based on a Radiographic Study of the Growing Foot
Authors: Gómez-Martín Beatriz , Escamilla-Martínez Elena , Fernández-Seguín Lourdes María , Santiago-Sáez Andrés , Sánchez-Sánchez José Antonio , Díaz-Mancha Juan Antonio
Published: April 2017

Background:

We sought to determine a predictive model of data, differentiated by sex, from a radiographic study of the skeleton of the foot as an alternative to the classic study of the hand.

Methods:

The study included 2,476 digital radiographs from 816 participants aged 0 to 21 years. The radiographs were from the Radiology Diagnostic Services of the Public Health System of Extremadura (Spain) from 2007 to 2011. The method used for their analysis consisted of assigning a numerical code to each ossification center of each growing bone of the foot and subsequently subjecting the data to a multivariate, decision tree, statistical analysis.

Results:

The decision tree study identified the bones that have a common age-dependent pattern of growth (as determined by a comparison of means test with P < .01) among individuals of the same sex. The quality of the decision tree predictions was evaluated in terms of the r2 coefficient. These values were r2 = 0.897 for females and r2 = 0.890 for males, thus establishing the predictive goodness of the model of bone data to provide a specific estimate of the individual's age.

Conclusions:

The foot is a good predictor of an individual's age from birth to complete bone maturity.
Roundabout receptor 2 maintains inhibitory control of the adult midbrain
Authors: Gore Bryan B , Miller Samara M , Jo Yong Sang , Baird Madison A , Hoon Mrinalini , Sanford Christina A , Hunker Avery , Lu Weining , Wong Rachel O , Zweifel Larry S
Published: April 2017

The maintenance of excitatory and inhibitory balance in the brain is essential for its function. Here we find that the developmental axon guidance receptor Roundabout 2 (Robo2) is critical for the maintenance of inhibitory synapses in the adult ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region important for the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Following selective genetic inactivation of Robo2 in the adult VTA of mice, reduced inhibitory control results in altered neural activity patterns, enhanced phasic dopamine release, behavioral hyperactivity, associative learning deficits, and a paradoxical inversion of psychostimulant responses. These behavioral phenotypes could be phenocopied by selective inactivation of synaptic transmission from local GABAergic neurons of the VTA, demonstrating an important function for Robo2 in regulating the excitatory and inhibitory balance of the adult brain.
Methylation profiling of paediatric pilocytic astrocytoma reveals variants specifically associated with tumour location and predictive of recurrence
Authors: Sexton‐Oates Alexandra , Dodgshun Andrew , Hovestadt Volker , Jones David T. W. , Ashley David M. , Sullivan Michael , MacGregor Duncan , Saffery Richard
Published: April 2017

Childhood pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) are low‐grade tumours with an excellent prognosis. However, a minority, particularly those in surgically inaccessible locations, have poorer long‐term outcome. At present, it is unclear whether anatomical location in isolation, or in combination with underlying biological variation, determines clinical behaviour. Here, we have tested the utility of DNA methylation profiling to inform tumour biology and to predict behaviour in paediatric PA. Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles were generated for 117 paediatric PAs. Using a combination of analyses, we identified DNA methylation variants specific to tumour location and predictive of behaviour. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was used to test the predictive utility of clinical and/or DNA methylation features to classify tumour behaviour at diagnosis. Unsupervised analysis distinguished three methylation clusters associated with tumour location (cortical, midline and infratentorial). Differential methylation of 5404 sites identified enrichment of genes involved in ‘embryonic nervous system development’. Specific hypermethylation of NEUROG1 and NR2E1 was identified as a feature of cortical tumours. A highly accurate method to classify tumours according to behaviour, which combined three clinical features (age, location and extent of resection) and methylation level at a single site, was identified. Our findings show location‐specific epigenetic profiles for PAs, potentially reflecting their cell type of origin. This may account for differences in clinical behaviour according to location independent of histopathology. We also defined an accurate method to predict tumour behaviour at diagnosis. This warrants further testing in similar patient cohorts.
Evidence for distributed clockwise rotation of the crust in the northwestern United States from fault geometries and focal mechanisms
Authors: Brocher Thomas M. , Wells Ray E. , Lamb Andrew P. , Weaver Craig S.
Published: April 2017

Paleomagnetic and GPS data indicate that Washington and Oregon have rotated clockwise for the past 16 Myr. Late Cenozoic and Quaternary fault geometries, seismicity lineaments, and focal mechanisms provide evidence that this rotation is accommodated by north directed thrusting and right‐lateral strike‐slip faulting in Washington, and SW to W directed normal faulting and right‐lateral strike‐slip faulting to the east. Several curvilinear NW to NNW trending high‐angle strike‐slip faults and seismicity lineaments in Washington and NW Oregon define a geologic pole (117.7°W, 47.9°N) of rotation relative to North America. Many faults and focal mechanisms throughout northwestern U.S. and southwestern British Columbia have orientations consistent with this geologic pole as do GPS surface velocities corrected for elastic Cascadia subduction zone coupling. Large Quaternary normal faults radial to the geologic pole, which appear to accommodate crustal rotation via crustal extension, are widespread and can be found along the Lewis and Clark zone in Montana, within the Centennial fault system north of the Snake River Plain in Idaho and Montana, to the west of the Wasatch Front in Utah, and within the northern Basin and Range in Oregon and Nevada. Distributed strike‐slip faults are most prominent in western Washington and Oregon and may serve to transfer slip between faults throughout the northwestern U.S.
Sketching with Glass: A Return to the Hand‐Driven Workflow
Authors: Gallagher Sean A
Published: April 2017

Does digital design constitute a death‐knell for drawing? On the contrary, argues Sean A Gallagher, Director of Sustainable Design at Diller Scofidio + Renfro. This well‐known New York architecture practice retains a strong culture of sketching at all stages, due to its immediacy in recording ideas and its efficiency in communicating them. But the firm's members embrace new technology at the same time. iPads, for instance, offer easy transportability and can capture smooth movements of the hand; while new interfaces can enhance fluidity and allow complex layering.
The Fifth Dimension: Architect‐Led Design‐Build
Authors: Wong Stacie
Published: April 2017

Engaging contractors early in a design process can resolve apparent mismatches between budget and programme and even enrich the design. But there are further benefits when this cooperation is followed through, with architects overseeing construction from a fully informed perspective – solving rather than creating problems for builders. Stacie Wong, a principal at New York design‐build practice GLUCK+, explains.
Putting BIM at the Heart of a Small Practice
Authors: Miller David
Published: April 2017

There can be advantages to being small. When the fledgling team of David Miller Architects in London realised that integrating building information modelling (BIM) into their workflow could enhance their efficiency and collaborative potential, they were able to bring about the changes much faster than their more established competitors might. Principal David Miller here describes the initiative – from an effective training schedule, to an interaction‐inducing office environment, to a Best Practice Management System that helps keep up with RIBA protocols. Multiple repeat clients, and endorsements from external accreditation auditors, prove the effort was worth it.
Understanding Architectural Workflows in Global Practice
Authors: Deutsch Randy
Published: April 2017

Standard architectural education today rarely covers workflows. Yet successful architecture practice is as much about collaboration, communication and organisation as it is about design. To achieve this, it is crucial to ask the right questions. Here, Chicago‐based architect and University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign associate professor Randy Deutsch examines projects across the US and in London – from governmental and diplomatic buildings to sports and music facilities and an airport – to demonstrate how five firms have evolved their working process in order to fulfil challenging briefs.
Expansive Workflows: Downstream Coordination in the Design of Sporting Facilities
Authors: Mallie Jonathan
Published: April 2017

Heightening user experience is a key aim for global architecture practice Populous, specialists in designing sports and entertainment venues. Jonathan Mallie, lead principal in their New York office, outlines their working process. The digital realm plays an important part: from building information modelling, to immersive technologies that imaginatively engage communities in the creative process. But such large‐scale, time‐sensitive projects as the Jacksonville Jaguars American football facility in Florida would be impossible without also establishing a team spirit among all those involved.
Ruptured Flows: an Argument for Nonlinear Workflows
Authors: Ayatar Kutan
Published: April 2017

Does the quest for efficiency in design‐to‐fabrication software risk producing a sterile, homogenised built environment? Not if architects are prepared to disrupt digital workflows at key stages, spurring alternative aesthetics. New York practice Young & Ayata have a particular interest in the opportunities for reinterpretation and redirection that are opened up by moments of transition between mediums. Kutan Ayata, one of the firm's founding partners, outlines their approach, illustrating it through two projects on vastly differing scales where they have sought to exploit these shifts.
Ecological Workflows: Zhangdu Lake Farm, Hubei Province, China
Authors: Garber Richard
Published: April 2017

Amid China's snowballing commercial success, feeding and housing the burgeoning population may be a challenge, but it is also a great urbanistic opportunity. With the right approach, it is possible to couple new urban development with land‐use practices that are sustainable on both human and environmental levels. Zhangdu Lake Farm ecological village, by GRO Architects in association with the New Jersey Institute of Technology, is a case in point. Guest‐Editor and GRO Principal Richard Garber describes how a combination of community engagement, digital technologies and green thinking are guiding its evolution.
Advanced Engineering with Building Information Modelling: Establishing Flexible Frameworks for the Design and Documentation of Complex Buildings
Authors: Goldup Ken , Kostura Zak , Tavolaro Tabitha , Wolfe Seth
Published: April 2017

Arup is known worldwide for being at the cutting edge of engineering and design development in the built environment. Building information modelling is at the heart of all the firm's projects. As Arup team members Ken Goldup, Zak Kostura, Tabitha Tavolaro and Seth Wolfe explain, flexibility is particularly important when establishing a workflow for those that involve complex programmes or irregular geometries: being able to transfer data between platforms can be crucial to optimising the design. Their argument is illustrated by two recent Arup projects in the United States: an airport terminal and a Manhattan subway transit hub.
Social and demographic correlates of male androgen levels in wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Schaebs Franka S. , Perry Susan E. , Cohen Don , Mundry Roger , Deschner Tobias
Published: April 2017

The Challenge Hypothesis, designed originally to explain the patterning of competitive behavior and androgen levels in seasonally breeding birds, predicts that males will increase their androgen levels in order to become more competitive in reproductive contexts. Here we test predictions derived from the Challenge Hypothesis in white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus), a species that has somewhat seasonal reproduction. We analyzed demographic and hormonal data collected over a 5.25‐year period, from 18 males in nine social groups living in or near Lomas Barbudal Biological Reserve, Costa Rica. Alpha males had higher androgen levels than subordinates. Contrary to our predictions, neither the number of breeding‐age males nor the number of potentially fertile females was obviously associated with androgen levels. Furthermore, male androgen levels were not significantly linked to social stability, as measured by stability of male group membership or recency of change in the alpha male position. Androgen levels changed seasonally, but not in a manner that had an obvious relationship to predictions from the Challenge Hypothesis: levels were generally at their lowest near the beginning of the conception season, but instead of peaking when reproductive opportunities were greatest, they were at their highest near the end of the conception season or shortly thereafter. This lack of correspondence to the timing of conceptions suggests that there may be ecological factors not yet identified that influence ifA levels. We expected that the presence of offspring who were young enough to be vulnerable to infanticide during an alpha male takeover might influence androgen levels, at least in the alpha male, but this variable did not significantly impact results.
Gold Nanowire Chiral Ultrathin Films with Ultrastrong and Broadband Optical Activity
Authors: Lv Jiawei , Hou Ke , Ding Defang , Wang Dawei , Han Bing , Gao Xiaoqing , Zhao Man , Shi Lin , Guo Jun , Zheng Yonglong , Zhang Xi , Lu Chenguang , Huang Ling , Huang Wei , Tang Zhiyong
Published: April 2017

An ultrastrong and broadband chiroptical response is key but remains challenging for many device applications. A simple and cost‐effective bottom‐up method is introduced to fabricate large‐area long‐range ordered chiral ultrathin films with the Langmuir–Schaeffer technique using gold nanowires as building blocks. Significantly, as‐prepared ultrathin films display giant optical activity across a broad wavelength range covering visible and near infrared regions with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.285, which is the record value for bottom‐up techniques. Detailed experimental result and theoretical analysis disclose that such remarkable optical activity originates from birefringence and dichroism of the well‐aligned Au nanowire layers in the ultrathin films. The universality of this facile strategy for constructing chiral ultrathin films is further demonstrated with many other one‐dimensional nanomaterials.