bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KHẢO SÁT SỰ TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA MỨC LỌC CẦU THẬN ƯỚC TÍNH SỬ DỤNG CÔNG THỨC MDRD VÀ CKD-EPI VỚI MỨC LỌC CẦU THẬN ĐO ĐƯỢC DỰA TRÊN ĐỘ THANH THẢI CREATININE NỘI SINH 12H
Authors: Duy Hưng Nguyễn , Thị Việt Hà Đặng , Gia Tuyển Đỗ , Trung Dũng Nghiêm
Published: September 2022

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu tiến hành với mục tiêu khảo sát sự tương quan giữa mức lọc cầu thận ước tính (eGFR) sử dụng công thức MDRD và CKD-EPI với mức lọc cầu thận đo được (mGFR) dựa trên độ thanh thải creatninine nội sinh. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang tiến cứu trên bệnh nhân bệnh thận mạn có làm xét nghiệm độ thanh thải creatinine 12h (ClCr12h), khảo sát sự đồng thuận qua hệ số tương quan. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu bao gồm 218 bệnh nhân, nam chiếm tỷ lệ 54,6% (n=119) và nữ chiếm tỷ lệ 45,4% (n=99). Tuổi trung bình của các đối tượng nghiên cứu là 66,64 ± 12,19 (27-94 tuổi). eGFR theo công thức MDRD có tương quan với ClCr12h tốt hơn CKD-EPI (r=0,924, r2=0,853, p<0,001 so với r=0,916, r2=0,839, p<0,001). Tương quan giữa eGFR theo công thức MDRD và CKD-EPI với ClCr12h giảm dần theo giai đoạn bệnh thận mạn từ giai đoạn 1 đến giai đoạn 5. Kết luận: Kết quả nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy có mối tương quan mức độ rất chặt giữa eGFR sử dụng công thức MDRD và CKD-EPI với mGFR dựa trên độ thanh thải creatnine nội sinh.
Safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus 0.03% in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Eltagoury Mahmoud , Abou Samra Waleed , Ghoneim Ehab
Published: September 2022

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, recurrent, chronic conjunctival inflammatory disease with seasonal exacerbations. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.03% eye ointment in the management of chronic VKC.

Methods: This was an open-label, prospective, non-randomized, comparative interventional study that enrolled 50 patients with chronic VKC, who were allocated to one of two groups. The first group was treated with tacrolimus 0.03% eye ointment twice daily for 2 months then once daily for 2 months, followed by once every other day for another 2 months. The control group was treated with standard anti-allergic drugs, topical fluorometholone 0.1% eye drops three times daily for 2 weeks and gradually tapered for another 2 weeks, with topical olopatadine 0.1% administered twice daily during the follow-up period. Disease severity was assessed using a four-point scale for symptoms and signs. Treatment efficacy was assessed by analyzing changes in symptoms and signs, and by clinical photography.

Results: Fifty patients with bilateral chronic VKC completed the follow-up. The mean (standard deviation) ages of the tacrolimus and control groups were comparable (16.20 [5.10] years versus 16.48 [4.19] years, P > 0.05). The most commonly reported symptom was itching, and the most common signs were papillary hypertrophy and conjunctival hyperemia. All symptoms and signs were significantly reduced after treatment in both groups. The tacrolimus group showed a more significant improvement at 3 and 6 months in the mean composite symptom score (both P < 0.05) and in the mean composite sign score (both P < 0.05). Regarding complications, one case of increased intraocular pressure occurred in the control group (4%) after 2 weeks of steroid treatment, while there were no complications in the tacrolimus group, except for some reports of stinging sensation, which was well tolerated.

Conclusions: Treatment of chronic bilateral VKC with tacrolimus 0.03% eye ointment is effective and safe. It could be considered an alternative treatment to reduce steroid-associated complications in patients with chronic VKC. Future double-blinded clinical trials with a longer follow-up period are necessary to confirm our findings and to determine the long-term safety of topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment in VKC.
Plan analysis of historical cities: a Sino-European comparison
Authors: Whitehand J.W.R. , Conzen Michael P. , Gu Kai
Published: September 2022

Until recently Chinese and European approaches to the study of historical urban form have differed markedly. Here a comparison is made of the historico-geographical development of the ground plans of the walled cities of Como, Italy and Pingyao, China. Adopting a largely Conzenian approach previously mainly employed in Europe, considerable use is made of field surveys and series of large-scale plans to map patterns of change over time in streets, plots and the ground plans of buildings. In both cities, series of planned developments over some 2000 years have left major physical legacies that have acted as frameworks for long-term morphological development and given rise to distinct intra-city patterns of present-day physical forms. Cross-cultural similarities in the processes of development are revealed, especially with regard to the influence of ancient street lines, plots and successive city walls. Among the significant contrasts between the two cities are those stemming from socio-cultural differences, notably relating to cosmological influences.
EUCAST v.12.0 review focused on changes
Authors: Song Sae Am
Published: September 2022

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint tables are commonly used as guidelines for the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. These are updated annually to reflect new and revised antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints. EUCAST v.12.0, which was published in January 2022, presents updated meropenem-vaborbactam breakpoints for Enterobacterales and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. It also suggests new breakpoints of susceptibility to various antibiotics for Vibrio spp. Flow charts were updated for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, and the breakpoints for anaerobic bacteria were divided according to each species. Furthermore, recommendations were made for cases without antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints and links to several rationale and guidance documents were provided for technical convenience.
On-field evaluation of exdia COVID-19 antigen point-of-care testing in the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yoo In Young , Lee Gun Dong , Chae Hyojin , Youn Chun Song , Oh Eun-Jee , Park Yeon-Joon
Published: September 2022

Background: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Exdia COVID-19 antigen test (Exdia Ag; Precision Biosensor Inc., Korea) as a point-of-care (POC) test performed in the emergency department (ED) for the rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in comparison with the performance of the Real-Q 2019-nCoV Detection KIT (Real-Q; BioSewoom, Korea). Methods: Exdia Ag and Real-Q assays were performed simultaneously for all patients who were admitted to the ED of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital with or without COVID-19 symptoms between December 2021 and March 2022. Results: Among the 2,523 samples analyzed by Real-Q assay, 149 samples (5.9%) showed positive results, and 2,374 samples showed negative results. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Exdia Ag assay were 77.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.6 – 83.7) and 99.8% (95% CI, 99.6 – 99.9), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.6% (95% CI, 91.5 – 98.7) and 98.6% (95% CI, 98.1 – 98.9), respectively. The cycle threshold value for 115 concordant Exdia Ag-positive/Real-Q-positive samples was significantly lower than that for 34 discordant Exdia Ag-negative/Real-Q-positive samples (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The Exdia Ag assay showed good diagnostic performance when the disease prevalence was high and may be useful for POC testing when the rapid detection of SARSCoV-2 is required for the isolation of patients in the ED.
The first case of bacteremia caused by Bordetella hinzii in Korea
Authors: Yu Joonsang , Kim Sihwan , Hur Kyu-Hwa , Sung Heungsup , Kim Mi-Na
Published: September 2022

Bordetella hinzii is a nonfermenting, gram-negative rod and a rare opportunistic pathogen that can cause respiratory infections, bacteremia, and cholangitis. Here, we report the first case of bacteremia caused by B. hinzii in Korea. A 59-year-old man was admitted for the biopsy of a mass lesion in the left lower lobe, which was detected during a health screening. The blood cultures collected from the patient with high fever (> 39℃), which developed 4 hours after the biopsy, yielded gram-negative rods. The gram-negative bacilli were identified as B. hinzii using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and PCR sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. After 9 days of antimicrobial treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, or meropenem, the patient improved and was discharged.
FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT INFECTIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: Petrenko T. S. , Novikova I. A.
Published: September 2022

The state of free-radical oxidation in the blood of 80 patients with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract has been analyzed. The analysis revealed the increased content of primary and intermediate heptane-soluble products of lipid peroxidation (DC, AT) caused by the increased concentration of Shiff bases at heptane phase as well as the increase in the phospholipoperaxidation parameters (DC, AT and SB in isopropanole extracts). The level of erythrocytes (catalyses) activity increased as well, yet the content of ceruloplasmin plasma in the patients was lower in comparison with that in healthy persons.
ORGAN-PRESERVING MICROSURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM SIALOLITHIASIS
Authors: Yadchenko V. N.
Published: September 2022

Sialolithiasis is one of the most frequent causes of salivary gland disorders. The main method of the management is surgical. The surgical operations can be performed externally and endorally at the extent of a complete or partial removal of the gland. The efficiency of the operation is defined by the absence of recurrent sialolithiasis and evidence of a surgical trauma. The article presents the characteristics of the traditional and newly developed methods of the surgical management of submandibular sialolithiasis.
FEATURES OF ANAMNESIS, CLINICAL COURSE OF PREGNANCY, DELIVERY AND POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN WOMEN WITH PREMATURE BIRTH
Authors: Nedoseykina M. S. , Zakharenkova T. N. , Baranovskaya E. I.
Published: September 2022

Premature birth is one of the main problems of present-day obstetrics. Genital and intrauterine infections play the main role in the development of premature birth. The present study made it possible to ascertain the anamnesis features in women, course of their pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and early neonatal period. Moreover, all the women were screened for the presence of perinatal infectious pathogens in urogenital tract and placenta. The course of pregnancy in the women with preterm childbirth was complicated by inflammatory diseases of reproductive system, development of chorioamnionitis. Premature babies were more likely to develop infectious complications. The study revealed a high rate of perinatal infections in the women with preterm delivery.
IMMUNOTOXIC AND IMMUNOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF LEAD IMPACT ON MAMMALS
Authors: Sheibak V. M. , Pavliukovets A. Y.
Published: September 2022

At present the study of cause-and-effect relations between the development of pathobiochemical shifts in organism and environment is one of the most topical problems of biology and medicine. Lead is one of the most common heavy metals in environment. The immune system is one of the main targets for the toxic effects of lead. Its cations modulate the functional activity of immune competent cells. Depending on the concentration and biological availability of lead, as well as on its co-factors immunostimulating or immunosupressive effects can appear. The experimental studies that have been conducted up to now make it possible to single out the impact of lead on the morphofunctional components of the immune system as one of the mechanisms of its negative effects.
STROKE AT PERSONS IN YOUNG AGE
Authors: Usova N. N.
Published: September 2022

The review of the literary data on a problem of the stroke at persons of young age is made. The stroke of this patients has the etyology polymorphism, has features of flow and prognosis. Pathogenetic characteristics of stroke in young age demand the further specification.
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE INWARD PICTURE OF A DISEASE (literature review)
Authors: Gromyko E. V. , Sokolova E. A.
Published: September 2022

The given survey of national and foreign literature makes it possible to examine the historical aspects of the development of the study about the inward picture of a disease (IPD), factors influencing its formation, classification of the disease reaction types, typology of attitudes to diseases. The work shows the influence of IPD and premorbid personal features on the clinical course of the disease, importance of IPD for compliance. The main stages of the development of the studies about IPD have been outlined.
VEGETATIVE REGULATION OF CARDIAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER BEFORE THYROECTOMY
Authors: Tsitko E. V.
Published: September 2022

The changes arising in superfluous or insufficient maintenance of thyroid hormones in an organism are known to cause changes of the functional condition of cardiovascular system. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a modern method to assess the functional condition of cardiac activity and the way how vegetative nervous system influences it at various levels of thyroid hormones. The purpose of this work is to study the features of vegetative regulation of cardiac activity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) before thyroectomy. 102 patients with DTG aged from 18 till 55 (average age 43,3 ± 8,2) were examined before the performance of thyroectomy. The examined patients were divided into 3 groups according to the initial thyroid status (hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, hypothyroidism), the HRV indicators were assessed with analysis of temporary and frequency indicators. Thus, it was established that the DTG patients observed an increase in the average frequency of heart reductions and number of sinus tachycardia episodes regardless of the thyroid status. The DTG patients at a hyperthyroid state before the performance of thyroectomy had a significant decrease in the indicators characterizing the general HRV that pointed to a shift of vegetative balance towards the prevalence of sympathetic section, while there was tension of parasympathetic section. The patients with euthyroid or hyperthyroid condition before the performance of thyroectomy revealed the tension of sympathetic part without any significant changes from parasympathetic part in comparison with healthy people.
EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMATION OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE IN ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Lagun L. V.
Published: September 2022

The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is the one of the most widespread and clinically significant mechanism of resistance to modern β-lactams in the members of Enterobacteriaceae family. The aim of this review is to describe the ESBL of various groups (ТЕМ, SHV, OXA, CTX-M). The article gives the consideration of the data on spreading the ESBL in the etiologic agents of urinary tract infections and methods of their detection.
THE ROLE OF INTRAOPERATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN PRIMARY PARATHYROID SURGERY
Authors: Sleptsova E. A. , Velichko A. V. , Gonchar A. A.
Published: September 2022

The possibilities of intraoperative ultrasonic scanning from a mini access during invasive parathyroid surgery have been assessed. The exact intraoperative ultrasonic visualisation of the parathyroid tumour enables to get the mini access directly into the adenoma view. The removal of the parathyroid tumour through the mini-access (approximately 1,5 cm) makes it possible to achieve optimum results for primary hyperparathyroidism treatment, reduce the operation time and term of stay in hospital, to achieve good cosmetic effect.
RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM AND AMERICIUM ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Dovnar A. K. , Lysenkova A. B.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the principal methods used in radiochemical preparation of alpha-spectrometry samples as well as describes the major parameters of the methods, their advantages and drawbacks.
Factors affecting apparent survival and resighting probability of wintering mallards Anas platyrhynchos
Authors: Manikowska-Ślepowrońska Brygida , Meissner Włodzimierz
Published: September 2022

Survival of adults is a key demographic parameter affecting avian population dynamics. In urban areas, e.g., city parks, birds stay in winter in large numbers where they have access to a multitude of food sources due to human activities, which is one of the key factors that attract birds into the cities. Our study estimates apparent survival of mallard ducks Anas platyrhynchos between non-breeding seasons in a small town in the coldest region in north-eastern Poland between 2005 and 2017. We found lower survival estimates for females (juveniles: 0.54; adults: 0.59) than males (juveniles: 0.76; adults: 0.72) and probabilities of resighting individuals in the next non-breeding season were higher if the bird was resighted in the study area during the prior breeding period. Thus, we conclude that sedentary mallards from the local urban population have relatively high survival, which may be explained by lower pressure from raptors, lack of hunting and higher winter temperatures in the urban site. Additionally, winter temperature was negatively related to resighting probability in the next non-breeding season. Resighting probability was time-dependent with a bimodal pattern with maximal estimates of 0.48 in 2007/2008 and 0.98 in 2013/2014, 0.98 in 2014/2015, 1.00 in 2015/2016. These results are most likely related to volunteers’ activity that increased due to organized official competition with special awards during those seasons. Considering the fact that the type of ring (metal or plastic coloured) significantly influenced the probabilities of resighting of individuals, it is recommended that apparent survival studies on birds be conducted using colour rings. Moreover, we encourage to collect more capture-mark-recapture data to enable accurate estimations of duck survival, which not the least is a prerequisite for successful management and conservation efforts.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Ruang Anak RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan Tahun 2020
Authors: Utaminingtyas Farida , Siregar Nurelilasari , Pohan Sakinah Yusro
Published: September 2022

Diare merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada balita di dunia setelah penyakit pneumonia. Di Indonesia angka kematian balita yang disebabkan karena diare mencapai 1,5 juta per tahun. Insiden terbesarnya terjadi pada 2 tahun pertama kehidupan dan menurun seiring dengan pertumbuhan anak. Di kota Padangsidimpuan jumlah angka kesakitan diare berjumlah 4.556. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dengan Kejadian Diare pada di ruang anak RSUD Padangsdimpuan tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelasi, karena peneliti ingin melihat hubungan antara independen dengan varibel dependen dengan dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Karena pada penelitian ini diamati pada periode (waktu) yang sama.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita sebanyak 48 ibu,sampel dan teknik pengambilan sampel nya dengan cara total sampling yaitu 48 ibu. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu univariat dan bivariat . Uji statistik untuk analisis bivariat yaitu uji chisquare. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan responden dengan kejadian diare pada Balita di RSUD ruang anak tahun 2020 dengan P Value 0.024, ada hubungan sikap responden dengan kejadian diare pada Balita di RSUD ruang anak tahun 2020 dengan P Value 0.000. Bagi ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuannya dnegan cara membaca buku- buku kesehatan
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN DENGAN INSOMNIA PADA LANSIA DI PANTI JOMPO MAJELIS TA’LIM BASSILAM BARU TAPANULI SELATAN TAHUN 2021
Authors: Napitupulu Mastiur , Ahmad Haslinah
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAK
Insomnia adalah suatu kondisi ketika seseorang mengalami kesulitan untuk jatuh tidur atau tidak cukup tidur. Kecemasan adalah kekhawatiran dan rasa takut yang intens, berlebihan dan terus-menerus sehubungan dengan sutuasi sehari-hari. Rasa cemas dapat bersifat normal jika terjadi dalam situasi yang dianggap meneganggkan oleh seseorang. Lansia merupakan tahap terjadinya penurunan berbagai fungsi tubuh, sebagian besar lansia mengalami kemunduran fisik sedikit demi sedikit sampai tidak dapat melakukan aktivtas sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dengan insomnia pada lansia di Panti jompo Majelis Ta’lim Bassilambaru Tapanuli Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi yaitu penelitian yang diarahkan mencari hubungan antara variabel independent yaitu tingkat kecemasan dan dependent yaitu insomnia. Responden dipilih melalui teknik Probability Sampling dengan teknik Total Sampling, yaitu seluruh anggota populasi diambil untuk dijadikan sampel penelitian. Hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan tingkat insomnia di uji menggunakan computer dengan uji Pearson Product Moment. Uji analitik ini menggunakan Korelasi Pearson Product Moment, didapatkan hasil p value= 0,000 yaitu p<0,05 dengan Pearson Correlation 0.605 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan pada lansia dengan kejadian insomnia pada lansia di Panti Jompo Majelis Ta’lim Bassilam Baru Tapanuli Selatan.
ABSTRACT
Insomnia is a condition when someone is having trouble to fall asleep or not enough sleep. Anxiety is worry and intense fear, excessive and persistent relation to everyday situation. Anxiety can be normal if: happen in situation that someone finds outrageous. The elderly are stage of decline various body function most of the elderly experiencing physical decline little by little until they are unnable to carry out their daily activities. The purpose of this research to find out the correlation between anxiety and insomnia in the elderly in The Bassilam Baru Ta’lim Assembly Nursing Home in South Tapanuli. This type of research is quantitative research with research design used in this study is descriptive correlation that is research directed look for the relation between the independent is anxiety levels and dependent variable is insomnia. Respondent are selected trough the Probability Sampling technique with the Total Sampling technique, is all member of the population taken to be used as research samples. Correlation of anxiety and insomnia tested using a computer the Pearson Product Moment Test. This analytical test used Pearson Product Moment Test obtained test value p=0.000 this significant value p<0.05, with Pearson Correlation 0.605so it can be concluded that there was correlation between anxiety levels of elderly with the severity insomnia in elderly.
Keywords: Anxiety, Insomnia, Elderly
EnVision: understanding why our closest neighbour is so different 
Authors: Widemann Thomas , Straume-Lindner Anne Grete , Ocampo Adriana C. , Voirin Thomas , Vandaele Ann Carine , Moreira Alberto , Campbell Bruce , Dumoulin Caroline , Marcq Emmanuel , Gilli Gabriella , Helbert Jörn , Kiefer Walter , Carter Lynn , Bruzzone Lorenzo , Mason Philippa , Hensley Scott , Bocanegra-Bahamon Tatiana
Published: September 2022

 

EnVision was selected as ESA's 5th Medium-class mission in the Agency's Cosmic Vision plan, targeting a launch in the early 2030s. EnVision's overarching science questions are to explore the full range of geoscientific processes operating on Venus. It will investigate Venus from its inner core to its atmosphere at an unprecedented scale of resolution, characterising in particular core and mantle structure, signs of past geologic processes, and looking for evidence of past liquid water. Far more than a simple radar mission, this suite of investigations works together to comprehensively assess surface and subsurface geological processes, interior geophysics and geodynamics, and atmospheric pathways of key volcanogenic gases, which together illuminate how and why Venus turned out so differently to Earth. Recent modeling studies strongly suggest that the evolution of the atmosphere and interior of Venus are coupled, emphasizing the need to study the atmosphere, surface, and interior of Venus as a system. 

EnVision is an ESA Venus orbiter mission formulated in collaboration with NASA; As a key partner in the mission, NASA provides the Synthetic Aperture Radar, VenSAR. The EnVision payload consists of five instruments provided by European and US institutions. The five instruments comprise a comprehensive measurement suite spanning infrared, ultraviolet- visible, microwave and high frequency wavelengths, complemented by the Radio Science investigation exploiting the spacecraft TT&C system. All instruments in the payload have substantial heritage and robust margins relative to the requirements with designs suitable for operation in the Venus environment. This suite of instruments was chosen to meet the broad spectrum of measurement requirements needed to support EnVision science investigations.
Stromatolites from extreme environment as tools for astrobiological exploration, study case of Lake Ashenge, East African Rift system
Authors: Cardoso Dorneles Victor Amir , Hickman-Lewis Keyron , Haileselasie Tsegazeab , Cavalazzi Barbara
Published: September 2022

Stromatolites are ideal ecosystems of microbe–sediment synergy and, therefore, represent a fundamental resource for the recognition of biosignatures and investigation of astrobiological targets with regard to environment and life interactions. Even though they are one of the oldest records of life on Earth, at present, modern occurrences of stromatolites are restricted to extreme environments, such as hypersaline lakes. This work aims to characterize stromatolite features that can be used as biosignatures, seeking to understand their morphogenetic and preservation processes. Samples were collected in Lake Ashenge, a hyperalkaline high-altitude lake located in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.

Two distinct microfacies were observed in the Lake Ashenge stromatolites: a) columnar stromatolites; and b) bulbous stromatolites. Both microfacies feature of slightly laminated microfabric composed of intercalated thicker layers of microsparite and thinner layers of calcite micrite within which exceptionally well-preserved microbial fossils including filamentous and coccoidal cyanobacteria-dominated colonies were recognized. Columnar stromatolite layers show mostly parallel or interlaced vertical arrangements of filamentous microbes which suggest different directions of water flow, demonstrating that the spatial arrangements of microbes reflect the dynamics of the environment. Bulbous structures are composed either of colonies of shrub-like filaments along their entire length and height grading into a vertical parallel arrangement at the top. This type of arrangement suggests self-sustainability of the microbial community, improving the resistance of the structures, in order to endure physical processes in the environment such as currents and wave action or predation. All samples show extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microbes normally associated with filamentous microbes. In this context, EPS may serve to support and stabilise the biofilm and contribute to the formation of columnar and bulbous structures.

Mars 2020 Perseverance rover recorded carbonate occurrences in Martian paleoenvironments from Jezero Crater which have been compared with microbialites and tufas with the potential to preserve biosignatures similar to those found in Lake Ashenge samples. Therefore, although stromatolite morphology itself configures a macroscopic biosignature which may be detected in Mars rover images, the two scales of observation (millimetres- centimetres vs micrometric) identified biosignatures in the stromatolites of Lake Ashenge could also reflect different conditions of the dynamic environment during their development. In this regard, Lake Ashenge illustrates an important modern environment for astrobiological studies and has potential analogy to ancient lacustrine environments on Mars.
Titanium chemistry in WASP-121 b revealed by high-resolution day-side spectroscopy
Authors: Hoeijmakers Jens , Kitzmann Daniel , Prinoth Bibiana , Lee Elspeth , Borsato Nicholas , Thorsbro Brian
Published: September 2022

Ultra-hot Jupiters form a new class of exoplanets that tend to orbit hot early type stars in short periods, and may be heated to temperatures much greater than 2,000K on their day-sides. The extreme temperature dissociates all but the most strongly bound molecules and a significant fraction of the atomic gas may be thermally ionised. Under these circumstances, line absorption lines by metals and some molecules are dominant sources of short-wave opacity, causing strong thermal inversions. These inversions have consequences for atmospheric chemistry, as well as global circulation of gas and heat. Excitingly, due to the highly elevated temperatures, thermal inversion layers cause strong emission lines, that can be observed using high-resolution spectroscopy. This allows the chemical and thermal structure of the atmospheric to be constrained, in principle in three dimensions. 

 

Previous transit observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121 b have revealed a rich spectrum of various metals, including iron and vanadium, but with a notable absence of titanium and titanium-oxide, which may be depleted due to condensation processes. In this talk I will present our recent observations of the emission spectrum of the planet’s dayside, which, beside showing a collection of emitting metals, provide strong direct evidence of the fate of titanium-bearing species on the cooler night-side of the planet (Fig. 1).

 

 

Fig. 1:

 

 
Reprocessing Pioneer Venus Orbiter radio occultation data
Authors: Pätzold Martin , Hahn Matthias , Oschlisniok Janusz , Peter Kerstin , Tellmann Silvia
Published: September 2022

RIU-Planetary Reseach has won funding support for the reprocessing and the interpretation of the original raw open-loop occultation data taken by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter radio science experiment ORO from 1979 to 1988. These original raw open-loop data are available from the PDS while original processed atmospheric and ionospheric (temperature and electron density, respectively) profiles from the Venus atmosphere are not. 

We shall apply modern software code together with a new version of the Venus gravity field and newly processed orbit data available as SPICE kernels.

A review of the original data sets showed a variety of observation lengths ranging from a few minutes to about 20 minutes duration. The longer observation sets contain presumably ingress and egress data. We shall present atmospheric and ionospheric profiles processed from exemplary original Pioneer Venus Orbiter raw open-loop data setsand compare them with VEX VeRa radio occultation profiles for comparable observation conditions. 

 
The planetary system of Proxima Centauri seen with ESPRESSO
Authors: González Hernández Jonay I. ,   ESPRESSO consortium
Published: September 2022

During last decade there have been a tremendous increase in detection and characterization of low-mass exoplanets, reaching the Earth size and mass domain, in particular those orbiting M dwarf stars, due to their smaller sizes and masses, resulting in planet larger transit amplitude and radial velocity signals. Extremely precise instruments such as the ESPRESSO spectrograph are designed to detect Earth-like planets, requiring in addition a detailed modeling of the stellar activity.

ESPRESSO is an ultra-stable high-resolution spectrograph, designed and developed involving institutions from Switzerland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and ESO, which is located in the combined Coudé Lab of the VLT at ESO, and is able to operate either using one 8.2m-VLT UT or simultaneously with the four VLT UTs. ESPRESSO started routine operations in October 2018 at ESO, and is designed to achieve a radial velocity precision of 10 cm/s, thus opening the possibility to explore new frontiers in science such as the search for rocky planets and the measurement of the variation of physical constants (Pepe et al. 2021). ESPRESSO is considered a precursor of the ultra-stable high-resolution spectrograph ANDES (formerly known as HIRES) for the 39m-ELT telescope (Marconi et al. 2021).

ESPRESSO has been very successful so far in detecting and characterizing low-mass planets demonstrating the sub-m/s capabilities of the instrument, providing a unique ground-based facility with great synergy with exoplanet dedicated satellites such as Kepler (Toledo Padrón et al. 2020), TESS (Demangeon et al. 2021) and CHEOPS (Leleu et al. 2021). One of the most relevant recent achievement of ESPRESSO is the confirmation of the 11.2d Earth mass planet Proxima b in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, previously reported in Anglada-Escudé et al. (2016), and the discovery of the sub-Earth mass planet Proxima d in  a 5.1d orbit with a semiamplitude velocity of 40 cm/s together with a simultaneous, precise characterization of the activity of the star (Suárez Mascareño et al. 2020; Faria et al. 2022). This discovery together with the 5yr period super-Earth planet candidate Proxima c reported in Damasso et al. (2020) composes the currently known planetary system in the nearest stellar neighbour to our Sun, encouraging new detail studies of this star with current and future facilities such as ANDES@ELT. In this talk I will briefly summarize the main features of ESPRESSO performance focusing on revealing the planetary system around Proxima Centauri and future prospects.
Ice Giant Missions as Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: Soyuer Deniz , Zwick Lorenz , D'Orazio Daniel , Saha Prasenjit
Published: September 2022

The past year has seen many papers underlining the significance of a space mission to Uranus and Neptune. Proposed mission plans usually involve a ~10 year cruise time to the ice giants. This cruise time can be utilized to search for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) by observing the Doppler shift caused by them in the Earth-spacecraft radio link. We calculate the sensitivity of prospective ice giant missions to GWs in comparison to former planetary missions which searched for GWs. Then, adopting a steady-state black hole binary population, we derive a conservative estimate for the detection rate of extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), supermassive- (SMBH) and stellar mass binary black hole (sBBH) mergers. For a total of ten 40-day observations during the cruise of a single spacecraft, approximately 0.5 detections of SMBH mergers are likely, if Allan deviation of Cassini-era noise is improved by ~102 in the 10−5 − 10−3 Hz range. For EMRIs the number of detections lies between O(0.1) − O(100). Furthermore, ice giant missions combined with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) would improve the GW source localisation by an order of magnitude compared to LISA by itself. With a significant improvement in the total Allan deviation, a Doppler tracking experiment might become as capable as LISA at such low frequencies, and help bridge the gap between mHz detectors and Pulsar Timing Arrays. Thus, ice giant missions could play a critical role in expanding the horizon of gravitational wave searches and maybe even be the first to detect the first SMBH merger.
Moonraker - an Enceladus Multiple Flyby Mission Submitted to the ESA 2021 M-class Call
Authors: Mousis Olivier , Bouquet Alexis , Langevin Yves , André Nicolas , Durry Georges , Hartogh Paul , Helbert Jörn , Iess Luciano , Kempf Sascha , Masters Adam , Postberg Frank , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Vernazza Pierre , Vorburger Audrey , Wurz Peter ,   Moonraker team
Published: September 2022

Context: Enceladus, an icy moon of Saturn, possesses an internal water ocean and geysers expelling ocean material into space. Cassini investigations indicated the ocean could be habitable and has a complex interaction with the rocky core. Further investigation of the composition of the plume formed by the geysers is necessary to fully understand the ocean, its possible habitability, and what it tells us about Enceladus’ origin.

Mission profile: Moonraker has been proposed as an ESA M-class mission designed to orbit Saturn and perform multiple flybys of Enceladus, focusing on traversals of the plume. Moonraker consists of an ESA-built platform, with strong heritage from JUICE (and Mars Sample Return for solar power), and carrying a suite of instruments dedicated to plume and surface analysis. The nominal Moonraker mission includes a 23-flyby segment, with the possibility of expanding the mission with additional similar segments, depending on available resources.

Objectives and expected impact: Moonraker is devoted to the investigation of i) the habitability conditions of present- day Enceladus and its internal ocean, ii) the mechanisms at play for the communication between the internal ocean and the surface of the South Polar Terrain, and iii) the formation conditions of the moon in the context of the formation of the Saturnian system. Moonraker, thanks to state-of-the-art instruments that represent a vast improvement over Cassini’s payload, would quantify the abundance of key species in the plume, isotopic ratios, and physical parameters of the plume and the surface. Such a mission would allow to solve the standing questions left by Cassini on the aforementioned topics as well as pave the way for a possible future lander mission.
Trans-Neptunian Object discoveries at KMTNet-CTIO
Authors: JeongAhn Youngmin , Moon Hong-Kyu , Kim Myung-Jin , Choi Young-Jun
Published: September 2022

We report a multi-opposition discovery of 17 Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) with the Chilean node of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet-CTIO) which has a 1.6 m wide-field optical telescope covering 2x2 square degree field of view. The first survey observations were made with 4 fields around (RA,DEC = 197.6°, -7.9°) every other day from April 5 to April 15, 2019, and recovery observations were carried out every year since then. More than half of the 17 objects were not initially observed in 2019 but were discovered in later years. The observed R magnitudes of discovered TNOs are from ~22 to ~24 and their H magnitudes are estimated to be from 6.6 to 8.5. Of the 17 TNOs, two objects, 2021 GU122 and 2022 GV6, have been found to be detached objects with perihelion distance greater than 40 AU. 2022 GV6 has an estimated semi-major axis of 110 AU and is currently passing near its perihelion. Most objects have current heliocentric distance around 40 AU but one object, 2022 FA7, is at ~ 50 AU. In addition to the 17 multi-opposition objects, 7 more single-opposition objects received their provisional designations by Minor Planet Center. This marked the first TNO discovery in South Korea although the telescope itself is located overseas.
A re-analysis of the lithospheric flexure on Mars
Authors: Root Bart , Qin Weilun
Published: September 2022

Mars hosts the largest volcano in our solar system, Mons Olympus. This volcano is part of a huge volcanic complex, named Tharsis Rise, which is situated several kilometers higher than the average surface. Flexural isostasy is commonly used to understand the relationship between observed topography, crustal structure, and gravity, revealing structures that support the volcanic complex.

After NASA’s Insight mission, new information about the Martian lithosphere has been discovered, which deserves a re-analysis of the lithosphere flexure models. Our study of Mars suggests that the red planet has a rigid lithosphere. Mars is smaller than the Earth, resulting in a stronger curvature. Therefore, the lithosphere is best modeled with the thin shell method taking into account this curvature effect responsible for supporting its surface loads. We see that the need for local compensation (based on buoyancy) is even lower at long wavelength than that of the classic infinite plate model. This has consequences for the interpretation of density structure underneath the volcanic regions.

After conducting spectral analysis on the topographic and gravity results from the flexural models, we found that the gravitational signal of Martian topography with thin shell compensation fits well with the observed free-air anomaly for degrees, n ≥ 2. The best-fit elastic thickness (Te) is found to be 158 km, which is larger than 34 km for the Earth. Despite the use of the thin shell flexure model, we notice a mismatch between modeled and observed gravity field between n = 2-4 degrees, which suggests active large-scale dynamic support of the Tharsis Rise. This could explain relatively young geologic evidence for surface volcanism on Mars.
The atmosphere and architecture of WASP-189 b probed by its CHEOPS phase curve
Authors: Deline Adrien ,   CHEOPS consortium
Published: September 2022

Gas giants orbiting close to hot and massive early-type stars can reach dayside temperatures that are comparable to those of the coldest stars. These “ultra-hot Jupiters” have atmospheres made of ions and dissociated molecules and feature strong day-to-night temperature gradients. Photometric observations of such planets at different orbital phases (e.g. transits, eclipses) provide insights on their atmospheric properties.

In this talk, we present the analysis of the photometric observations of WASP-189 acquired with the instrument CHEOPS, from which we derive constraints on the system architecture and the planetary atmosphere. We describe our implementation of a light curve model suited for asymmetric transit shape caused by the gravity-darkened photosphere of the fast-rotating host star. Our approach also includes modelling of the reflective and thermal components of the planetary flux, and precise timing of the transit and eclipse events by accounting for stellar oblateness and light-travel time. In addition, the model corrects for systematic noise typical for CHEOPS observations and features a Gaussian process to fit for stellar activity.

From the asymmetric transit, we measure the size of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b, Rp = 1.600+0.017-0.016 RJ, with a precision of 1%, and the true orbital obliquity of the planetary system Ψp = 89.6 ± 1.2 deg, which is fully consistent with a polar orbit. The phase curve does not feature any significant hotspot offset (-7 ± 17 deg) and we robustly constrain its amplitude from the eclipse depth δecl = 96.5+4.5-5.0 ppm. This value provides an upper limit on the geometric albedo of WASP-189 b: Ag < 0.48. We find that thermal emission only is marginally consistent (at 1.6 σ) with such an eclipse providing hints that the atmosphere either has extremely low Bond albedo and heat redistribution efficiency or is quite reflective. Finally, we attribute the photometric variability detected in the data to the star and its rotation, which can be explained by either superficial inhomogeneities or resonance couplings between the convective core and the radiative envelope.

Based on the derived system architecture, we predict the eclipse depth in the upcoming TESS observations to be up to ∼ 165 ppm. High-precision detection of the eclipse in both CHEOPS and TESS passbands might help disentangle between reflective and thermal contributions. We also expect the right ascension of the ascending node of the orbit to precess due to the perturbations induced by the stellar quadrupole moment J2 (oblateness). This effect can be directly quantified by a variation of the impact parameter.
The Production of Dust-Ice-Pebbles
Authors: Brecher Noria , Kreuzig Christopher , Gundlach Bastian , Blum Jürgen
Published: September 2022

In the CoPhyLab at the TU Braunschweig, the goal is to simulate the physical behaviour of comets on Earth. Therefore, we are currently producing pebbles from silicate dust and water ice in order to subsequently investigate their properties and behaviour in various experiments. The pebbles we are producing consist of a mixture of water ice and dust, but also of pure water ice.

Figure 1: Sieved pebbles with diameters of 1mm to 1.6mm consisting of a mixture of dust and water ice with a ratio 3:1.

The materials are mixed and then shaken while low temperatures are secured. For a homogenous mixture some nitrogen is added during the mixing procedure. In order to be able to form the largest possible number of pebbles from a mixture, it is necessary to understand the process of pebble formation. Therefore, we have studied the formation behaviour of pebbles from mixtures with different mixing ratios and by using different shaking techniques. Recent experiments have shown that mixtures with different weight ratios of dust-to-water ice can form pebbles. Also, adding a certain amount of graphite to darken the mixture has no effect on the formation process.

To study and to quantify the properties of the pebbles, such as compressive strength and thawing behaviour, it is important to know the particle size distribution. For this purpose, the pebbles must be sieved. This has been successfully carried out at the TU Braunschweig. With the samples obtained in this way, it has already been possible to gain initial insights into, among other things, the thawing behaviour and porosity of the pebbles. It was found, for example, that pebbles with an higher dust content retain their structure and a baking effect occurs, which leads to a hardening of the material, whereas pebbles with a low dust content collapse.

During this conference we will present our pebble making technique and our findings about the formation of pebbles. Further, we want to introduce the audience to our shaking machine. The latest results about the thawing behaviour as well as other properties of the pebbles will be presented, too. 
Diversity and Inclusion from Ground Up
Authors: Doran Rosa
Published: September 2022

Diversity and Inclusion in science are big words. Inclusiveness means paving the way to facilitate the participation of all audiences, regardless of their social background, expertise, race and other hundred characteristics. Diversity is embracing our uniqueness. Many research and education projects claim that diversity and inclusion are an integral part of their actions. But are they really? This presentation intends to open the discussion on how to ensure the path towards a career in science is accessible to all, how to start paving the way from ground up. The journey starts in school and success stories of an inclusive and diverse path are not often told. What is your experience?