bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tween 80 on the Electrocatalytic Performance of a Ti/PbO2‐MWCNTs Electrode
Authors: Zhu Wei , Chen Zhen , Yu Qiang , Guo Zhongcheng , Li Shuting , Li Huixi
Published: October 2024

In this work, Ti/PbO2‐MWCNTs anodes modified with different amount with different amount of Tween 80 (0.0–2.0 g/L) were prepared by the direct current electrodeposition method used as anode materials for Zinc electrowinning. The MWCNTs were dispersed in a lead nitrate solution with Tween 80, and the effects of the amount of added Tween 80 on the morphology, phase composition and electrocatalytical performance of lead dioxide coating were investigated. Physical characterizations show that with the increase of the amount of Tween 80, both grain size of PbO2 and carbon content in PbO2 layer firstly increased and then decreased, the preferential orientation and crystallinity of the PbO2 grain growth in the deposition process changed. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the optimal modified electrode achieved the minimum Eo value and maximum j0 of 2.038 V and 3.781×10−4 A, respectively, an increase of capacitance to 368.8 μF cm−2, and a decrease of charge transfer resistance to 92.74 Ω cm2, which is mainly attributed to the PbO2 electrode modified with Tween 80, coupled with the synergistic effects of MWCNTs doping.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting in Poly(vinylidene Fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/Barium Titanate Nanofibers and Ultrasonic Assisted Piezocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: C Joelin. , Praba Lakshmi , Kuppusamy Satheesh , R Tamilarasi. , R Magesh. , Woong Jung Jae , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran , Vidhya B. , Sakunthala A. , Rajesh S.
Published: October 2024

An innovative approach has been adopted through the synthesis of a cost‐effective ferroelectric host polymer, which was integrated with Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) to develop an efficient electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Hexafluoropropylene/BaTiO3 (PVdF‐HFP/BaTiO3) nanocomposite (PBT), designated for energy harvesting and piezocatalytic applications. FT‐IR affirmed the existence of the crystalline β‐phase within the nanofibers. SEM images showed that nanofiber diameter decreases as applied voltage is increased in electrospinning. The BaTiO3 nanoparticles were scattered evenly in PBT, but at lower voltages, they aggregate. PBT showed enhanced piezoelectric performance under higher voltage conditions, registering a maximum piezoelectric output of ~7.7 V and an output current of 0.77 μA. Moreover, the composite exhibited a power density of 14.15 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 20 MΩ. Fabricated piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) demonstrated practical utility in flexible electronics, notably in charging capacitors of 0.47 μF and 1 μF. Additionally, the piezocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) was effectively achieved using the electrospun nanofibers, with an impressive degradation rate of up to 99.6 % within 30 minutes under acidic conditions, and the material displayed notable reusability, maintaining up to 95.5 % efficiency after five cycles. DFT calculations and COMSOL simulations alongside a comparative examination of the electronic properties of PBT.
Green Synthesis of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Parthenium hysterophorus: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Ullah Amin , Al‐Qaaneh Ayman M. , Aman Komal , Bekhit Mounir M. , Ullah Izzat , Zengin Gokhan , Farid Arshad
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention for their unique properties and potential applications, particularly in medicine. This study aim to investigate the green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs) using Parthenium hestephorus extract and evaluate their biological activities. The synthesized NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, such as UV‐Vis spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles, with characteristic absorption peaks observed at 450 nm and 580 nm, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were also conducted. In antimicrobial evaluations, the silver and copper nanoparticles exhibited notable inhibitory zones ranging from 12–18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 27–30 mm against Escherichia coli bacteria. Furthermore, the nanoparticles’ potential as anticancer agents were tested on HepG2 human cancer cells using the MTT assay. The silver, copper nanoparticles, and control exhibited dose‐dependent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 35 μg/mL, 50 μg/ml, and 30 μg/ml, respectively, suggesting their promise in cancer treatment. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated through free radical scavenging assays, with silver and copper nanoparticles showing significant potential, inhibiting free radicals by 80 %, 70 %, and 90 %, respectively. It is concluded that the green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles using extract of Parthenium hestephorus presents an efficient and sustainable method for generating NPs with potent antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant capabilities.
Application of Albumin in Nanodrugs for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Shangshang , Xue Yunxin , Mao Chun , Wan Mimi , Zhang Shirong
Published: October 2024

Albumin, as a natural polymer, offers the advantages of non‐toxicity, degradability, and biocompatibility. It is widely used in formulating nanomedicines for cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the methods and drawbacks of albumin nanoparticles when albumin is utilized as a drug carrier. We summarize the advantages of albumin nanoparticles in cancer treatment, discuss the surface modification of nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles by coating albumin as a functional group, and focus on the new properties of nanoparticles imparted by in vitro prefabrication of protein crowns. Additionally, we elaborate on the application of albumin in cancer vaccines. Finally, the challenges and future trends of albumin‐based nanodrugs in cancer therapy are presented.
Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Nano CeO2 and Pr2O3 Rare Earth Element Oxides as Fertilizers on the Growth of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Tung Mai Hung Thanh , Hien Tran Thi Thu , Sharmaa Ajit , Cam Nguyen Thi Dieu , Manh Nguyen Van , Khan Dinh Thanh , Son Nguyen Le Truong , Chi Nguyen Thi Phuong Le , Ha Dang Thi Ngoc
Published: October 2024

The study aims to synthesize nano CeO2 and Pr2O3 materials to use as fertilizer for cultivation of the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which is also known as Danshen, an important medicinal plant in many Asian countries. The extraction experiments were also conducted to determine tanshinone IIA contents in the Danshen root to acutely explore effects of the nano‐materials on accumulation of valuable medicine in the plant. The obtained results indicated that nano CeO2 and Pr2O3 applications significantly induced both growth and tanshinone IIA contents of the Danshen. Firstly, the CeO2 application greatly induced side branch and root development of the Danshen rather than the height of the plant, while the Pr2O3 application greatly induced plant height and root growth of the Danshen rather than side branch development. In comparison, the CeO2 effectively induced root growth and tanshinone IIA content in the Danshen rather than the Pr2O3 did. Finally, simultaneous applications of nano Pr2O3 and CeO2 revealed synergic effects to greatly promote the growth of the Danshen. The tanshinone IIA content extracted from the roots of the mixture Pr2O3 and CeO2 exposed Danshen was approximately 0.4318 %, which was higher than those of single CeO2 and Pr2O3 exposed plants.
Al‐doped Mixed Transition Metal Ferrites Synthesis and Application in Adsorption of Dyes
Authors: Ayoub Mehnaz , Dosanjh Harmanjit Singh
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the preparation of Al‐doped mixed transition metal ferrite (AlxCo0.7Mn0.3Fe2−xO4 where x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) via a solution combustion method, followed by an application for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Various physicochemical techniques were employed to determine the morphological, structural, magnetic behaviour and adsorption characteristics of the synthesized ferrites by through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X‐ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra‐Red spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized ferrite materials were utilized for adsorbing dyes (Methylene blue (MB), Crystal violet (CV), Methyl orange (MO), and Congo red (CR)) from aqueous solutions, with the results reported using UV‐visible spectroscopy. The findings indicate that Al‐doped mixed transition metal ferrites serve as potential adsorbents for dye removal.
A Honeycomb Layered Na2SnO3 as Novel Photocatalyst for Degradation of Rose Bengal Dye
Authors: Kamble Ajit J. , Vhangutte Pravin P. , Madhale Ruth A. , Bhange Pallavi D. , Patil Shivajirao R. , Bhange Deu S.
Published: October 2024

A layered Na2SnO3 with honeycomb structure was synthesized by solid state route using sodium carbonate and tin oxide. The prepared sample was characterized by different physicochemical characterization techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), photoluminescence spectra (PL), N2 adsorption technique (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photodegradation of rose bengal dye under UV light was studied. Due to honeycomb structure and high surface area of Na2SnO3, the complete degradation of rose Bengal was observed in 90 min under UV light irradiation. Results of photocatalytic dye degradation reaction demonstrated that Na2SnO3 can be employed as photocatalyst under UV light irradiation.
Patterns and transitions of posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in trauma‐exposed youth: A latent transition analysis
Authors: Wan Jiachen , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Chen Chen , Wang Li
Published: October 2024

The present study examined the transition patterns in latent classes of Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post‐traumatic growth among a sample of youth 4–13 months after an explosion accident in China. Latent profile analyses identified consistent three classes (Resilient, Growing, and High‐Symptom) at both waves. Latent transition analysis found most Resilient individuals remained stable while most Growing and High‐symptom individuals transferred. Logistic regression predicting transition pathways suggests younger individuals, males, and those who lack social support are prone to experience reduced post‐traumatic growth, whereas individuals with higher trauma exposure are prone to develop PTSD. Our study provides empirical evidence supporting qualitative transitions in PTSD and post‐traumatic growth levels from a person‐centred perspective. This adds to the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of post‐traumatic responses of human beings and offers valuable guidance for post‐traumatic interventions among youths.
Promoted Two‐Step Ammonia Synthesis with CoOOH/Co foam at Ampere‐Level Current Density and Nearly 100% Faraday Efficiency from Air and Water
Authors: Li Hong‐Rui , Yi Jian‐Hui , Kang Xia , Shi Miao‐Miao , Gao Rui , Bi Bo , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing
Published: October 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is regarded as an essential hydrogen storage material in the new energy field, and plasma‐electrocatalytic synthesis of NH3 (PESA) is an alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. Here, a bifunctional catalyst CoOOH/CF is proposed to enhance the PESA process. Benefiting from the efficient activation of O2 by CoOOH/CF, NOx− yield rate can reach the highest value of 171.90 mmol h−1 to date. Additionally, CoOOH holds a more negative d‐band center, thereby exhibiting weaker adsorption toward NO*, lowering the energy barrier for the rate determining step, resulting in a high NH3 yield rate (302.55 mg h−1 cm−2 at −0.8 V) with ampere‐level NH3 current density (2.86 A cm−2 at −0.8 V) and nearly 100% Faraday efficiency (FE, 99.8% at −0.6 V). Moreover, CoOOH/CF achieves an excellent 4.54 g h−1 NH3 yield rate with 97.9% FE in an enlarged electrolyzer, demonstrating the feasibility of PESA on a large scale.
Fabrication of Microstructured Hydrogels via Dehydration for On‐Demand Applications
Authors: Zhu Pang , Surendra Yasindu Wickrama , Nekoonam Niloofar , Aziz Soroush , Hou Peilong , Bhagwat Sagar , Song Qingchuan , Helmer Dorothea , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: October 2024

Microstructured hydrogels show promising applications in various engineering fields from micromolds to anisotropic wetting surfaces and microfluidics. Although methods like molding by, e.g., casting as well as 3D printing are developed to fabricate microstructured hydrogels, developing fabrication methods with high controllability and low‐cost is an on‐going challenge. Here, a method is presented for creating microstructures through the dehydration of double network hydrogels. This method utilizes common acrylate monomers and a mask‐assisted photopolymerization process, requiring no complex equipment or laborious chemical synthesis process. The shape and profile of microstructures can be easily controlled by varying the exposure time and the mask used during photopolymerization. By altering the monomer and the mask used for fabricating the second network hydrogel, both convex and concave microstructures can be produced. To showcase the utility of this method, the patterned hydrogel is utilized as a mold to fabricate a polydimethylsiloxane microlens array via soft lithography for imaging application. In addition, a patterned hydrogel surface exhibiting obvious anisotropic wetting properties and open microfluidic devices which can achieve fast directional superspreading within milliseconds are also fabricated to demonstrate the versatility of the method for different engineering fields.
Thermally Induced Irreversible Disorder in Interlayer Stacking of γ‐GeSe
Authors: Kim Joonho , Lee Giyeok , Lee Sol , Park Jinsub , Lee Kihyun , Jung Joong‐Eon , Lim Seungjae , Jang Jeongsu , Bae Heesun , Lee Jae‐Ung , Im Seongil , Soon Aloysius , Kim Kwanpyo
Published: October 2024

The interlayer stacking shift in van der Waals (vdW) crystals represents an important degree of freedom to control various material properties, including magnetism, ferroelectricity, and electrical properties. On the other hand, the structural phase transitions driven by interlayer sliding in vdW crystals often exhibit thickness‐dependent, sample‐specific behaviors with significant hysteresis, complicating a clear understanding of their intrinsic nature. Here, the stacking configuration of the recently identified vdW crystal, γ‐GeSe, is investigated, and the disordering manipulation of stacking sequence is demonstrated. It is observed that the well‐ordered AB′ stacking configuration in as‐synthesized samples undergoes irreversible disordering upon Joule heating via electrical biasing or thermal treatment, as confirmed by atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Statistical analysis of STEM data reveal the emergence of stacking disorder, with samples subjected to high electrical bias reaching the maximum levels of disorder. The energies of various stacking configurations and energy barriers for interlayer sliding are examined using first‐principles calculation and a parameterized model to elucidate the key structural parameters related to stacking shift. The susceptibility of interlayer stacking to disorder through electrical or thermal treatments should be carefully considered to fully comprehend the structural and electrical properties of vdW crystals.
Bifunctional Portable Powder for Freshwater Production With Moisture Harvesting and Undrinkable Water Purification
Authors: Liu Yue , Tian Ye , Cao Wenqing , Zhao Shuaiheng , Qiu Yingqi , Feng Lin
Published: October 2024

Freshwater scarcity threatens human survival, particularly in extreme environments like deserts, oceans, and space. Compatible atmospheric water harvesting and undrinkable water purification offer an affordable approach to solving freshwater scarcity in these extreme environments. Nonetheless, developing composite sorbent to attain efficient atmospheric water harvesting and undrinkable water purification remains challenging. Hence, a portable hybrid hygroscopic powder (HLC powder) consisting of hydroxypropyl chitosan, dibenzaldehyde‐functional poly(ethylene glycol), lithium chloride (LiCl), and nano carbon black is proposed. The HLC powder with optimized LiCl load can capture moisture from the air, showing a high water uptake of 1.76 g g−1 at 34% relative humidity (RH) and appropriate over a wide humidity from 34% to 75% RH. pH‐responsive sol‐gel transition induced by Schiff base bonds transforms the HLC solution into hydrogel, inhibiting hydrated salt leakage. Meanwhile, to achieve efficient undrinkable water purification, the LiCl‐free hybrid powder is utilized to convert the undrinkable water, including seawater, dye water, and human urine, to photothermal hydrogel evaporators with low evaporation enthalpies and high evaporation rates ranging from 1.81 to 2.05 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun. This strategy establishes a new path to conveniently obtaining freshwater, breaking hydrological restrictions.
High Temperature‐Insensitive Electrostrain Obtained in (K, Na)NbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Piezoceramics
Authors: Liu Huan , Yang Ziqi , Su Bin , Hao Yijin , Feng Tian‐Yi , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: October 2024

Over the last decades, notable progress is achieved in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoceramics. However, more studies are conducted to increase its piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33). For actuator applications, piezoceramics need high electric‐field induced strain under low electric fields while maintaining exceptional temperature stability across a wide temperature range. In this study, this work developes Li/Sb‐codoped KNN (LKNNS) ceramics with high electrostrain by defect engineering and domain engineering. A remarkable strain of 0.43%, along with a giant d33* value of 2177 pm V−1, is attained in the LKNNS ceramic at 20 kV cm−1. The ceramic exhibits a minimal performance decrease of less than 15% over a temperature range from room temperature to 150 °C. The exceptional strain is attributed to the presence of A‐site vacancy‐oxygen vacancy () defect dipoles and the increase in nano‐domains. The hierarchical domain configuration and defect dipoles impede the switched domains from reverting to their original state as temperature increases, furthermore, the elongated dipole moments of caused by rising temperatures compensate for strain reduction results in exceptional temperature stability. This study provides a model for designing piezoelectric materials with exceptional overall performance under low electric fields and across a wide temperature range.
Color Tunable Three Terminal (3‐T) Vertically Stacked Tandem Organic Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Gaur Nrita , Misra Manas , Singh Mohit Kumar , Kabra Dinesh
Published: October 2024

Traditional full‐color displays typically use a pixel layout with three side‐by‐side subpixels emitting red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors. However, this configuration limits the resolution especially in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. To address the issue of low pixel density in display technology, this study demonstrated vertically stacked three‐terminal (3‐T) bottom‐emitting tandem OLEDs (sOLED). These OLEDs offer color tunability, facilitated by individually controlled colour units. This study demonstrates two combinations: G+B and R+G. Incorporating three generations of OLED's materials phosphorescent (R), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) (G), and hyperfluorescent (B). The OLEDs achieve maximum current efficiencies of approximately 11 cd/A, 52.4 cd/A, and 40.7 cd/A for R, G, and B, respectively, in their respective tandem configurations. A wide range of colors can be achieved by blending G+B and R+G color spectrum by adjusting the voltage of independent color unit. The optimal mix results in a fine cyan color with CIE coordinates (0.273,0.5) in G+B sOLED and a warm white with CIE coordinates (0.416,0.518)in R+G sOLED. This work demonstrate a better performing 3‐T sOLED utilizing three different generations OLED materials, offering an individual control within a single pixel providing enhanced pixel density for display technology.
Ti3C2Tx MXene‐Polyaniline Nanocomposite as an Adsorbent in Microextraction by Packed Sorbent for the Analysis of Parabens in Water and Juice Samples
Authors: Mousavi Kobra Zavar , Yamini Yadollah , Ghaemmaghami Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Herein, a novel Ti3C2Tx MXene and polyaniline nanocomposite is successfully synthesized and used for the highly efficient extraction of parabens. Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers have formed a porous and peculiar π–π conjugated structure on hydrophilic MXene sheets, providing numerous adsorption sites for microextraction of analytes with moderate polarities such as parabens. The method is simple and sensitive, using microextraction by packed sorbent coupled with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector. Under the optimal conditions, the method provides suitable preconcentrating factors of 28–35, ultrahigh sensitivity with low limits of detection of 0.3–0.5 µg/L, wide linearity of 0.3.0–200 µg/L with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.9983, and satisfactory precision with relative standard deviations ≤ 10.7%. The outstanding performance has been confirmed in well water and orange juice samples, with recoveries in the range of 93.1%–101.2% for water and 90.6%–103.4% for orange juice samples, respectively.
Moderate Deviation Principle for the Determinant of Sample Correlation Matrix
Authors: Bai Yansong , Zhang Yong , Li Jingyu
Published: October 2024

Let be a sequence of independence random vectors from with population correlation matrix , and its sample correlation matrix is denoted as , where the matrix element represents the Pearson correlation coefficient between the and columns of the data matrix . is an interesting part in multivariate analysis, and the likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic used to test the complete independence of all components of can be expressed as a function of . On this basis, under the condition that the sample size and the dimension satisfy as , we derive the moderate deviation principle (MDP) of the LRT statistic for the hypothesis testing problem vs .
Nonlinear Model for LTB Prediction of RHS Beams Under Combined Axial and Bending Loads With Distortional Deformation Allowed
Authors: Saoula Abdelkader , Aldosari Salem Mohammed , Meftah Sid Ahmed , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Cuong‐Le Thanh
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient and accurate analytical model for the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) prediction of RHS beams. To this end, a coherent nonlinear geometric theory is formulated assuming large torsion angles. This theory is based on a new kinematic model that incorporates the distortion deformations in addition to the bending and torsion ones. Ritz's method is employed to discretize the governing equilibrium equations basing on trigonometric shape functions, and then the eigenvalue problem is defined according to the fundamental state. The Buckling loads are obtained by imposing the singularity condition of the tangential stiffness matrix. The numerical investigation is carried out to prove the accuracy of the proposed model in LTB load evaluation, when compared with the nonlinear shell finite element simulation using Abaqus software. The numerical results reveal that the classical linear models associated with moderate torsion angles, such as those provided by Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and the classical eigenvalue shell finite element method, tend to underestimate the correct value of LTB loads of simply supported RHS beams. In accordance with linear and non‐linear models, the numerical study is focused on the impact of load height, intensity of introduced compressive load and section ratio b/h in the LTB loads prediction.
Design Method of a Novel Interface Connection Device for Multiscale Test Model Considering Multiparametric Similarity of Internal Forces
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Rui , Dong Zhi‐Qian , Yu Ding‐Hao , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Han , Li Jia‐Long
Published: October 2024

The multiscale model of building structures, as a balanced solution between accuracy and cost, has been widely used in the analysis of structural seismic performance. A reasonable interface connection method can accurately ensure load transfer and motion coordination between models of different scales. In this paper, a novel interface connection device and the corresponding design method for a multiscale test model of building structures were proposed, in which the upper structure with smaller sized components was replaced by a simplified story‐scale model, and the lower structure was adopted as a component‐scale model. The overall and local equations of motion for this multiscale model were established. For the interface connection between different scale models, a design method considering multiparametric similarity of shear force, axial force, and bending moment was proposed. In this method, the internal nodes at the interface of the component scale model were decomposed, and the coupling relationship of internal force between two adjacent nodes was established. The axial force of each node was decoupled into the interstory shear force and bending moment provided together. Additionally, the overturning moment is provided by adding the overlapping domain. According to the equilibrium relationships of the nodes at the interface, the corresponding transfer matrix was provided, and the design method of the interface connection device was proposed. The accuracy and feasibility of the method were validated by static and shaking table tests on a frame structure.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 76
Authors: Applequist Wendy L.
Published: October 2024

The following nine generic names are recommended for conservation: Abelmoschus vs. Laguna, Botryopteris Renault vs. Botryopteris C. Presl, Myrtophyllum Heer vs. Myrtophyllum Turcz. and with conserved type, Pavonia vs. Malvaviscus and Malachra, Serissa vs. Buchozia, Sinningia vs. Paliavana, Soda vs. Sevada, Sticherus with conserved type, and Vanilla with conserved type. The following two generic names are not recommended for conservation: Exostema vs. Coutarea and Selaginella with conserved type. The following 25 species names are recommended for conservation: Agrostis lazica with conserved type, Amorphophallus spectabilis (Miq.) Engl. vs. A. spectabilis W. Bull, Anacardium spruceanum vs. A. braziliense, Arundo multiplex with conserved type, Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret vs. B. cordifolia L. Laurent, Boehmeria puya with conserved type, Bombax candolleanum vs. B. sexdigitatum, Cheiranthus trilobus with conserved type, Crotalaria ferruginea vs. C. leioloba, Didymocarpus missionis with conserved type, Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser‐Jenk. vs. D. affinis Kinahan, Frankenia ericifolia C. Sm. ex DC. vs. F. ericifolia Salisb., Jatropha pelargoniifolia vs. Adenoropium forskaolii, Juniperus macrocarpa with conserved type, Millettia thyrsiflora vs. Dalbergia alata, Philodendron chanchamayense with that spelling, Pleopeltis thunbergiana vs. P. elongata, Polpoda capensis vs. Camphorosma paleacea, Polycnemum majus vs. Camphorosma acuta, Ranunculus isthmicus vs. R. schowii, Ranunculus rionii vs. R. bauhini, Rubus repens (L.) Kuntze vs. R. repens Weston, Rumex tianschanicus with that spelling, Stellaria cerastoides with conserved type, and Trillium erectum with conserved type. The following two species names are not recommended for conservation: Aster annuus with conserved type and Tildenia mexicana vs. Peperomia galeottiana. The following eight species names are recommended for rejection: Amorphophallus peyri, Bauhinia cordifolia, Oenothera muricata, Plantago strictissima, Robinia pyramidata, Rubus pseudoidaeus, Salicornia arabica, and Urtica fruticosa. The species name Muscari strangwaysii is not recommended for rejection because the proposal is unnecessary. The varietal name Acorus calamus var. americanus, basionym of A. americanus, is recommended for conservation with conserved type. It is recommended that the names Sabbata and Sabatia, and Lycopodium filicaule and L. filicaulon, not be treated as confusable. It is recommended that the names Actinostephanos and Actinostephanus be treated as confusable. The Committee recommends the suppression of Lanessan's “Bois. Cochinchine.” and “Flore. Cochinchine.” in Les plantes utiles des colonies françaises.
Recent Developments in Copper‐Catalyzed Annulations for Synthesis of Spirooxindoles
Authors: Feng Jinzan , Wang Yue , Li Er‐Qing , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2024

Spirooxindoles represent a special scaffold for pharmaceuticals and natural products, and significant advancements have been achieved in their synthesis in recent years. Among these, transition metal catalysis, particularly copper catalysis, has emerged as an efficient and reliable method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles. Based on different reaction types, two distinct substrate types have been summarized and classified by us for constructing spirooxindole scaffolds via intramolecular and intermolecular annulations. This review outlines the latest advancements in copper‐catalyzed cyclization reactions for synthesizing spirooxindoles and provides detailed insights into the types of annulation reactions and their possible reaction mechanisms.
Organic Electrolyte Additives for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Progress and Outlook
Authors: Wang Conghui , Zhang Dan , Yue Shi , Jia Shaofeng , Li Hao , Liu Wanxin , Li Le
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered one of the most prospective new‐generation electrochemical energy storage devices with the advantages of high specific capacity, good safety, and high economic efficiency. Nevertheless, the enduring problems of low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and inadequate cycling stability of zinc anodes, originating from dendrites, hydrogen precipitation and passivation, are closely tied to their thermodynamic instability in aqueous electrolytes, which significantly shortens the cycle life of the battery. Electrolyte additives can solve the above difficulties and are important for the advancement of affordable and reliable AZIBs. Organic electrolyte additives have attracted widespread attention due to their unique properties, however, there is a lack of systematic discussion on the performance and mechanism of action of organic electrolyte additives. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the application of organic electrolyte additives in AZIBs is presented. The role of organic electrolyte additives in stabilizing zinc anodes is described and evaluated. Finally, further potential directions and prospects for improving and directing organic electrolyte additives for AZIBs are presented.
Comprehensive Review of Fly Ash: Environmental Impact and Applications
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Dash Subhakanta , Gupta Piyush
Published: October 2024

Fly ash (FyA), a byproduct from coal combustion in power plants, has become increasingly valuable due to its pozzolanic properties. Primarily, FyA finds applications in the construction industry, including road and brick construction, forest road building, and the cement industry. When added to concrete, it enhances splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, and workability, while also reducing the environmental impact of cement production. Beyond construction, FyA is utilized for air pollutant removal and serves as an adsorbent for various contaminants. It also plays a role in creating geopolymers and nanocomposites, promoting the development of eco‐friendly construction materials. This review article presents current data on thermal power plants (ThPPs) in India, the challenges in FyA management, and its environmental impact. It also discusses relevant Indian policies and highlights ongoing research aimed at improving the efficiency and expanding the applications of FyA in various industrial sectors, such as battery manufacturing, zeolite synthesis, and cenosphere extraction. These efforts underscore FyA's potential in supporting sustainable practices. The findings of this review address critical issues related to FyA. By reducing the environmental footprint of cement manufacturing, removing air pollutants, and acting as an adsorbent for various contaminants, FyA demonstrates significant potential in pollution mitigation. It also contributes to the development of eco‐friendly construction materials and promotes sustainability in the construction sector. Effective management practices are essential to minimize FyA's negative impact on human health and the environment. The article emphasizes the need for greater awareness and implementation of policies to address these issues comprehensively. By providing a detailed understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with FyA, it aims to pave the way for more effective and sustainable utilization of this industrial byproduct.
Disclosures 19: Diving deeper into internal requests
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: October 2024

Last month's column concluded by suggesting that you might want to consider providing examples of what a valid legitimate educational interest is as part of a written policy on internal FERPA disclosures to your school officials.
Nanotechnology for Targeted Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Weng Meng‐Tzu , Hsiung Chia‐Yueh , Wei Shu‐Chen , Chen Yunching
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and recurring inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract and is influenced by genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, the gut microbiota, and environmental factors. Advanced therapies, such as biologics and small molecules, target diverse immune pathways to manage IBD. Nanoparticle (NP)‐based drugs have emerged as effective tools, offering controlled drug release and targeted delivery. This review highlights NP modifications for anti‐inflammatory purposes, utilizing changes such as those in size, charge, redox reactions, and ligand–receptor interactions in drug delivery systems. By using pathological and microenvironmental cues to guide NP design, precise targeting can be achieved. In IBD, a crucial aspect of NP intervention is targeting specific types of cells, such as immune and epithelial cells, to address compromised intestinal barrier function and reduce overactive immune responses. This review also addresses current challenges and future prospects, with the goal of advancing the development of NP‐mediated strategies for IBD treatment.
La11Si11P21Te5 and La20.667Si18P46Te11.333: Two Novel 3D‐Polyanionic Lanthanum Compounds Following the Zintl‐Klemm Concept
Authors: Djendjur Patrik , Anschütz Zoë A. , Niewa Rainer , Schleid Thomas
Published: October 2024

During attempts to synthesize La3PTe3, after participation of the SiO2‐container material, two so far unknown compounds could be isolated, which both follow the Zintl‐Klemm concept. The novel quaternary lanthanum tellurides La11Si11P21Te5 and La20.667Si18P46Te11.333 crystallize hexagonally in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P
c with the unit‐cell parameters a=1204.97(6) pm and c=1802.38(9) pm (c/a=1.496) or a=1205.78(6) pm and c=1802.16(9) pm (c/a=1.495), respectively. Their very similar crystal structures can be divided into two interpenetrating three‐dimensional sublattices,
{[La11Te5]23+} (d(La3+−Te2−)=314–335 pm plus 352 pm) and
{[Si11P21]23−} (d(Si−P)=221–225 pm, d(Si−Si)=230–231 pm, d(P−P)=220–221 pm) for La11Si11P21Te5 (Z=2), displaying unique structural features as compared to related compounds. The linkage of these two sublattices occurs through attractive La3+−Si− and La3+−P− interactions (d(La−Si)=333 pm, d(La−P)=298–318 pm). For La20.667Si18P46Te11.333 (Z=1), 4/3 out of 22 La3+cations in the doubled formula La22Si22P42Te10 have to be omitted, while the four Si− anions need to be replaced with phosphorus atoms. The La3+ vacancies are filled up with tellurium, partly forming [Te2]2− dumbbells (d(Te−Te)=274 pm). La11Si11P21Te5 can be obtained on target by reacting the elements (La, Si, P and Te) in their respective amounts with an excess of potassium chloride as fluxing agent in evacuated and torch‐sealed glassy silica ampoules for four days at 900 °C as black pillars or thick plates with hexagonal cross‐section.
Bioconvective magnetized flow analysis of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with nonuniform source/sink over an exponentially porous stretching sheet
Authors: Ahsan Naveed , Khan Muhammad Naveed , Alqurashi Maram Salem , Ali Naim Ben , Elkotb Mohamed Abdelghany
Published: October 2024

This study use numerical method to investigate the transportation of a bioconvective magnetized tangent hyperbolic nanofluid across an exponentially porous stretched sheet. The flow model takes into account the important contributions of Joule heating, thermal radiation, activation energy, and nonuniform heat source/sink. Moreover, slip boundary conditions with gyrotactic microorganisms are taken into flow analysis. The flow model is converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity variables. The bvp4c approach in MATLAB is used to get numerical solutions for this system. The study evaluates the influence of different parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism profile via graphical representations. The results indicate that increasing the mixed convection parameters accelerates the velocity profile, whereas raising the magnetic parameter slows it down. The temperature profile increases with higher values of radiation parameter, however, it decreases as the Prandtl number and thermal slip parameter increase. Furthermore, the microorganism profile decreases as the bioconvection Lewis number and microorganism slip parameter increase.
How viable is a QCD axion near 10 MeV?
Authors: Girmohanta Sudhakantha , Nakagawa Shota , Nakai Yuichiro , Xu Junxuan
Published: October 2024

Abstract

There has been an attempt to revive the visible QCD axion at the 10 MeV scale assuming that it exclusively couples to the first-generation quarks and the electron. This variant of the QCD axion is claimed to remain phenomenologically viable, partly due to a clever model construction that induces tree-level pion-phobia and exploits uncertainties inherent in the chiral perturbation theory. We confront this model with the cosmological domain wall problem, the quality issue and constraints arising from the electron electric dipole moment. It is also pointed out that the gluon loop-generated axion-top coupling can provide a very large contribution to rare B-meson decays, such that the present LHCb data for B0 → K*0e+e− rule out the model for the axion mass larger than 30 MeV. There is a strong motivation for pushing the experimental analysis of B → K(*)e+e− to a lower e+e− invariant mass window, which will conclusively determine the fate of the model, as its contribution to this branching ratio significantly exceeds the Standard Model prediction.
Tribological properties and related effects of compressed, thermally modified and wax-impregnated wood
Authors: Waßmann O. , Ahmed S.I.-U.
Published: October 2024

This paper develops a process for the preparation of modified wood with low friction and low wear for tribological applications such as self-lubricating bearings. Two types of wood, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia), have been studied and the results compared with naturally lubricated native lignum vitae. The process developed consists of plasticisation followed by compression in a mould, thermal modification and subsequent wax impregnation. Plasticisation was carried out by conditioning the samples to a low equilibrium moisture content of 10%, followed by heating to a sample core temperature of 80 °C. This process protects the internal wood structure from mechanical damage during densification. After plasticisation, the wood was compressed in a press mould. A low springback effect (SBE), resulting in compression of up to 40%, was achieved by unloading the mould without opening it. This step optimises compressive strength and hardness. Subsequent heat treatment reduces thickness swelling by up to 85%. Finally, a wax impregnation was applied to reduce friction. Sliding wear tests on modified beech wood have shown that the lowest wear occurs in the cross-sectional orientation (load perpendicular to the fibre ends; rxt orientation). Sliding friction studies using a steel ball on a ball-on-disc tribometer showed that compressed and thermally modified samples impregnated with rapeseed wax or beeswax exhibited coefficients of friction in a range of 0.08 to 0.09. These values are almost four times lower than those of plain compressed wood and even lower than those of lignum vitae, which was used for plain bearings decades ago. This study clearly demonstrates the high potential of compressed, thermally modified and wax-impregnated wood.
On the effectiveness of partially deterministic Bayesian neural networks
Authors: Andrade Daniel , Sato Koki
Published: October 2024

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) with computationally expensive Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling methods are often considered to provide better predictive performance than the maximum a posterior (MAP) solution. Here, as an alternative to sampling all parameters of a BNN (full-random), we experimentally evaluate partially deterministic BNNs that fix some part of the neural network parameters to their MAP solution. In particular, we consider various strategies for fixing half, or all parameters of a layer to the MAP-solution. Over a wide variety of regression and classification tasks, we find that partially deterministic BNNs often significantly improve predictive performance over the MAP-solution, with up to around 24% reduction in negative log-likelihood. Notably, we also find that partially deterministic BNNs that fix half of the parameters in each layer can also reduce under-fitting of full-random BNNs, resulting in up to 7% reduction in negative log-likelihood.
Evaluating the performance of multi-omics integration: a thyroid toxicity case study
Authors: Canzler Sebastian , Schubert Kristin , Rolle-Kampczyk Ulrike E. , Wang Zhipeng , Schreiber Stephan , Seitz Hervé , Mockly Sophie , Kamp Hennicke , Haake Volker , Huisinga Maike , Bergen Martin von , Buesen Roland , Hackermüller Jörg
Published: October 2024

Multi-omics data integration has been repeatedly discussed as the way forward to more comprehensively cover the molecular responses of cells or organisms to chemical exposure in systems toxicology and regulatory risk assessment. In Canzler et al. (Arch Toxicol 94(2):371–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02656-y), we reviewed the state of the art in applying multi-omics approaches in toxicological research and chemical risk assessment. We developed best practices for the experimental design of multi-omics studies, omics data acquisition, and subsequent omics data integration. We found that multi-omics data sets for toxicological research questions were generally rare, with no data sets comprising more than two omics layers adhering to these best practices. Due to these limitations, we could not fully assess the benefits of different data integration approaches or quantitatively evaluate the contribution of various omics layers for toxicological research questions. Here, we report on a multi-omics study on thyroid toxicity that we conducted in compliance with these best practices. We induced direct and indirect thyroid toxicity through Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Phenytoin, respectively, in a 28-day plus 14-day recovery oral rat toxicity study. We collected clinical and histopathological data and six omics layers, including the long and short transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome from plasma, thyroid, and liver. We demonstrate that the multi-omics approach is superior to single-omics in detecting responses at the regulatory pathway level. We also show how combining omics data with clinical and histopathological parameters facilitates the interpretation of the data. Furthermore, we illustrate how multi-omics integration can hint at the involvement of non-coding RNAs in post-transcriptional regulation. Also, we show that multi-omics facilitates grouping, and we assess how much information individual and combinations of omics layers contribute to this approach.
Rapid identification of antibiotic residues in bovine kidney using coated blade spray-mass spectrometry
Authors: Jager Josha , Rasker Sjors , Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga Ane , Boerrigter-Eenling Rita , Rapallini Michel , Blokland Marco
Published: October 2024

The use of certain antibiotics in food-producing animals is allowed in Europe following Regulation (EU) 2017/625. However, use could result in antibiotic residues in foodstuffs of animal origin. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) are in place to protect consumers. For monitoring purposes, animal matrices are tested to verify their compliance with these MRLs. Initially, matrices of (slaughtered) food animals are screened, often using a microbiological assay. Faster screening tests for antibiotics would be an advantage for control laboratories. Therefore, the present study describes, for the first time, the use of coated blade spray (CBS) followed by direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis for the screening of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides residues from the renal area of intact bovine kidneys. An optimized workflow using two different desorption/ionization solutions per blade allowed screening of target compounds within 1 min per sample. The proof-of-principle of the CBS-MS method is validated according to (EU) 2021/808, presenting CCβ screening values of 0.1 × MRL for 43 analytes, 0.5 × MRL for 4 analytes, and 2.5 µg kg−1 for the prohibited substance dapsone, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to seven official control samples of bovine kidneys. One of these samples was found to be positive using the CBS-MS method, which was confirmed as a true positive by LC-MSMS analysis. The developed method demonstrates that CBS devices can directly extract and analyze kidney samples for food safety testing.
Radioanatomical evaluation of the subtympanic sinus in children under five years old and its clinical implications - high resolution computed tomography study
Authors: Wojciechowski Tomasz , Szeliga Stanisław , Skadorwa Tymon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate subtympanic sinus (STS) and its vicinity in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of children under five years old with non-diseased temporal bones.

Material and method

We divided the whole group into children under 24 months of age (first stage of pneumatisation development) and between 25 and 60 (second stage). We have determined the width of the entrance to STS, depth of the STS, type in relation to facial nerve according to Anschuetz classification, the pneumatisation of posterior and medial air cell tracts, and jugular bulb position. All the HRCTs (280 temporal bones) were analyzed according to the multiplanar reconstruction protocol with symmetrization.

Results

STS’s mean width and depth were 2.71 ± 0.60 mm and 3.26 ± 1.11 mm, respectively. The most common STS type was type A (59.3%), followed by type B (30.7%) and type C (10%). The posterior air cell tract (retrofacial cells) was present in 39.3%. The medial air cell tract (hypotympanic cells) was present in 30.7% The jugular bulb position affected the final shape of STS in 17.5%.

Conclusion

The results support the necessity of the classification for the STS. Our study may help with surgical planning regarding endoscopic ear procedures and gives a broader understanding of how pneumatization or jugular bulb might correlate with the final shape of the retrotympanum. The historical remarks track the term’s origin for clarity in research and respect for earlier investigators.