bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological synthesis of Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plants: Recent Studies
Authors: Gouramma Patil  , Sharanabasappa B Patil
Published: February 2021

In a recent trend, nanotechnology has been developed to be an important field of research in various fields like medicinal chemistry, pharmaceuticals and all. On the other hand, compared to chemical method of synthesis, method of synthesis of nanoparticles by green method is simple, effective & ecofriendly. Plant extracts are obtained from the plant, creep, cereals, etc. generally natural extracts are prepared by decoction method or solid powder formation method.  The natural extracts are very much effective in the medicinal approach. The study of Nano sized particles towards natural extracts has given a novel way in the field of medicines. So from the nanomaterials of natural extracts, one can expect still good effective results. As we know that preparation of nanoparticles through green approach is one of the good selections in the view of betterment of ecology. Therefore by taking aqueous extracts of medicinal plants’ parts and metal ions, nanoparticles can be synthesized. The plant extract and metal ions are taken in a fixed ratio and keep at room temperature for the reduction. The Changes in the Color confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, EPMA, XRD and FTIR data.
Does Hydroxychloroquine Improve Glycemic Status and Lipid Profile in Rheumatoid Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – An Observational Study
Authors: Kalyani Praba P  , Thamarai Selvi K  , Vijay Anand B  , Saravanan A
Published: February 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, causing chronic inflammation of small joints in hands and feet. The chronic inflammation and corticosteroid use in rheumatoid patients predispose them to insulin resistance and diabetes. Hydroxychloroquine, a proven drug in rheumatoid arthritis, seems to be beneficial in diabetes and also reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. This study was done to find out the role of hydroxychloroquine on the glycemic status and lipid profile in Rheumatoid patients having treatment with Diabetes mellitus. 50 patients with both RA and DM in the middle age group were categorized into HCQ and Non-HCQ group. Both the groups were followed up for 6 months. Their glycemic status and lipid profile were compared by measuring FBS, PPBS, HbA1C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL and HDL. Statistical analysis was done by student t test. The mean FBS, PPBS, HbA1C values in HCQ Group patients decreased significantly from 155.16, 200.12 and 8.26 to 135.80, 174.60 and 7.49 respectively in the follow-up period. In the Non-HCQ group, there was no significant change in mean FBS and PPBS after 6 months. Mean HbA1C increased from 8.13 to 8.33 in Non-HCQ group. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL also were found to be reduced in patients who had taken HCQ. In Rheumatoid patients with diabetes, use of HCQ improves their glycemic status and reduces the lipid abnormalities.
Usage of Lysosomal Nanoparticles in Delivering Antibody Cocktail to Developing Fetuses in HIV Mothers
Authors: Dhami Tejas , Jan Muhammad , Mohamed Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The placenta is a crucial organ which allows for transfer of nutrients between the mother and fetus. Importantly, the placenta allows for transport of antibodies to the fetal bloodstream through the FcRn receptors inducing passive immunity. However, in HIV-positive mothers who cannot produce antibodies, passive immunity against toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (T.O.R.C.H) infections in utero is not plausible. A potential solution utilizing new nanoparticle technology was researched in hopes of delivering IgG antibodies to the developing fetus.
Methods: We propose using a liposomal nanoparticle filled with the IgG antibody cocktail to deliver the antibodies necessary for the fetal development. We will use pl-chondroitin sulfate A binding protein (plCSA-BP) to guide our nanoparticle towards the FcRn receptors on the trophoblast membranes of the placenta. Once attached the nanoparticle will degrade after its half-life and release antibodies. We will measure the transfer of antibodies through the ex vivo placental lobule system in combination with western blot. Please note that one side of the placental lobule system would represent the fetal side and one would represent the maternal side.
Results: It's expected that the nanoparticles will attach to trophoblastic layers through the plCSA-BP. The natural FcRn receptors will transfer the antibodies across the placenta to the fetal bloodstream inducing passive immunity in an ex-vivo model.
Discussion: These results may have a noticeable impact on pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive mothers due their ability to enter the fetal system, which will offer passive immunity against T.O.R.C.H viral infections and prevent developmental issues. The absence of antibodies for the fetus can, in some cases, lead to fatality.
Conclusion: We expect the study to show the utility of our nanoparticle design in combating fetal infections, especially in HIV women. This research should be furthered via research into the impacts of medication administration at different trimesters as this has immense potential in advancing a field often on the outskirts of medicine.
Parameters of variation in the use of words in empirical research writing
Authors: Omidian Taha , Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Empirical research writing is one of the primary means of disseminating knowledge in academia. It is through this particular form of knowledge dissemination that a rich body of scientific knowledge about a given phenomenon is accumulated. This paper explores patterns of variation in the language of this specific sub-register of academic writing, as reflected in the use of words in different sections of empirical research articles from across ten disciplinary fields. An inductive approach was adopted through which patterns of specificity in vocabulary use were systematically identified, triangulated and verified using different methods of data analysis. The results presented in this study show that the lexical choices academics make in the process of composing their research papers are differentially affected by the standards and conventions of scholarly activities in their field. It was found that such conventions have the potential to govern the delineation of authors’ linguistic decisions at the most basic levels, such as the lexis.
Lexical fixedness and compositionality in L1 speakers’ and L2 learners’ intuitions about word combinations: Evidence from Italian
Authors: Fioravanti I , Senaldi MSG , Lenci A , Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

© The Author(s) 2020. The present investigation focuses on first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers’ sensitivity to lexical fixedness and compositionality of Italian word combinations. Two studies explored language users’ intuitions about three types of word combinations: free combinations, collocations, and idioms. In Study 1, Italian Verb+Noun combinations were embedded in sentential contexts, with control conditions created by substituting the verb with a synonym. L1 and L2 speakers rated sentence acceptability. In Study 2, the original verb was removed from sentences. Participants chose the verb from the list provided they felt was most acceptable. Computational measures were used to measure compositionality of word combinations. Mixed-effects modelling revealed that L1 and L2 speakers judged target word combinations differently in terms of lexical fixedness. In line with phraseological models, L1 speakers judged the use of a synonym as less acceptable in collocations than free combinations. On the contrary, L2 learners judged the use of a synonym as more acceptable in collocations than free combinations. However, all participants perceived idioms as least flexible of the three combination types. Results further showed an interesting effect of compositionality on the speakers’ intuitions about the use of word combinations. Taken together, the findings provide new insights into how L1 and L2 speakers perceive word combinations that vary along the continua of lexical fixedness and compositionality.
Multi-Word Expressions in Second Language Writing: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Learner Corpus Study
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Spina S
Published: February 2021

© 2019 Language Learning Research Club, University of Michigan In the present study, we sought to advance the field of learner corpus research by tracking the development of phrasal vocabulary in essays produced at two different points in time. To this aim, we employed a large pool of second language (L2) learners (N = 175) from three proficiency levels—beginner, elementary, and intermediate—and focused on an underrepresented L2 (Italian). Employing mixed-effects models, a flexible and powerful tool for corpus data analysis, we analyzed learner combinations in terms of five different measures: phrase frequency, mutual information, lexical gravity, delta Pforward, and delta Pbackward. Our findings suggest a complex picture, in which higher proficiency and greater exposure to the L2 do not result in more idiomatic and targetlike output, and may, in fact, result in greater reliance on low frequency combinations whose constituent words are non-associated or mutually attracted.
Eye movements in vocabulary research
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana , Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The field of vocabulary research is witnessing a growing interest in the use of eye-tracking to investigate topics that have traditionally been examined using offline measures, providing new insights into the processing and learning of vocabulary. During an eye-tracking experiment, participants’ eye movements are recorded while they attend to written or auditory input, resulting in a rich record of online processing behaviour. Because of its many benefits, eye-tracking is becoming a major research technique in vocabulary research. However, before this emerging trend of eye-tracking based vocabulary research continues to proliferate, it is important to step back and reflect on what current studies have shown about the processing and learning of vocabulary, and the ways in which we can use the technique in future research. To this aim, the present paper provides a comprehensive overview of current eye-tracking research findings, both in terms of the processing and learning of single words and formulaic sequences. Current research gaps and potential avenues for future research are also discussed.
Production of familiar phrases: Frequency effects in native speakers and second language learners
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Janssen N
Published: February 2021

© 2018 American Psychological Association. Current evidence suggests that native speakers and, to a lesser degree, second language learners are sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in language. Much of this evidence, however, comes from language comprehension. While a number of production studies have looked at phrase frequency effects in a first language, little evidence exists with respect to the production of phrases in a second language. The present study addressed this gap by examining the production of English binomial expressions by first and late second language speakers. In a phrase elicitation task, participants produced binomial expressions (bride and groom) and their reversed forms (groom and bride), which are identical in form and meaning but differ in frequency. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that native speakers' articulatory durations were modulated by phrase frequency, but not the type of stimulus (binomial vs. reversed). Nonnative speakers' articulatory durations were not affected either by phrase frequency or stimulus type. Our findings provide further evidence for the effect of multiword information on language production in native speakers, and raise important questions about the effects of phrase frequency on language production in second language learners.
Production of ambiguous idioms in English: A reading aloud study
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Lin PMS
Published: February 2021

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd In a reading-aloud experiment, we investigated the on-line processing of English idioms from a production perspective. The stimuli were ambiguous idioms used figuratively and literally, and matched novel control phrases. The analysis of the articulatory durations showed a processing advantage for idioms over controls. Further, we found that figurative meanings were articulated somewhat faster than their literal counterparts. The results suggest that the processing advantage for idioms over control phrases, previously reported in comprehension studies, is also present during their production. Unlike the comprehension idiom literature, however, the two idiom meanings might be processed differently during reading aloud. The study concludes with directions for future research, and a case is made for why this line of research is important for the field of applied linguistics.
Researching the teaching and learning of multi-word expressions
Authors: Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

No description supplied
Graeme Porte (ed), Replication Research in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Authors: Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

No description supplied
Adding more fuel to the fire: An eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speakers
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Conklin K , Schmitt N
Published: February 2021

Using eye-tracking, we investigate on-line processing of idioms in a biasing story context by native and non-native speakers of English. The stimuli are idioms used figuratively (at the end of the day - 'eventually'), literally (at the end of the day - 'in the evening'), and novel phrases (at the end of the war). Native speaker results indicate a processing advantage for idioms over novel phrases, as evidenced by fewer and shorter fixations. Further, no processing advantage is found for figurative idiom uses over literal ones in a full idiom analysis or in a recognition point analysis. Contrary to native speaker results, non-native findings suggest that L2 speakers process idioms at a similar speed to novel phrases. Further, figurative uses are processed more slowly than literal ones. Importantly, the recognition point analysis allows us to establish where non-natives slow down when processing the figurative meaning. © The Author(s) 2011.
Fairness in transport policy: A new approach to applying distributive justice theories
Authors: Randal E , Shaw C , Woodward A , Howden-Chapman P , Macmillan A , Hosking J , Chapman Ralph , Waa AM , Keall M
Published: February 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The transport system influences everyone’s wellbeing on a daily basis. These impacts are both positive and negative and are borne directly and indirectly at a range of spatial and temporal scales and across different groups in society. Furthermore, they are often distributed unfairly and the people who are least able to use transport networks frequently bear the greatest costs. People also have various transport needs and these needs change throughout their lives. Due to these complexities, there is no straightforward answer as to how we should provide transport fairly. Policies and actions to decarbonise the transport system are urgently needed, but their equity effects are also important. We give a brief overview of distributive justice and equity in transport literature. We then develop a conceptual framework of distributive justice and a set of four principles to guide the application of the framework to transport policy. We then apply these to recent transport policies in Aotearoa/New Zealand, a country that shares common features with most highly motorised countries. We apply the Capabilities Approach to transport policy in a novel way that conceptualises transport policy as a social conversion factor which influences people’s ability to convert resources and opportunities into the things (‘beings and doings’) that they have reason to value. The consideration of transport policy as a conversion factor, rather than focusing on a specific capability, emphasises the role of transport policy as a promoter of a wide range of capabilities and highlights the inequitable distribution of positive and negative effects on people’s health and wellbeing. It also illuminates issues of power structures and procedural fairness in transport policy that are otherwise not covered by distributive justice approaches. Taking a broader view of distributive justice theory in transport provides a clearer picture of the impacts of transport on wellbeing and provides theory-based guidance on the actions to improve transport justice that can be readily integrated into existing policy institutions.
Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vardoulakis Sotiris , Giagloglou Evanthia , Steinle Susanne , Davis Alice , Sleeuwenhoek Anne , Galea Karen S , Dixon Ken , Crawford Joanne
Published: February 2021

Background: There is increasing awareness that the quality of the indoor environment affects our health and well-being. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in particular has an impact on multiple health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular illness, allergic symptoms, cancers, and premature mortality. (2) Methods: We carried out a global systematic literature review on indoor exposure to selected air pollutants associated with adverse health effects, and related household characteristics, seasonal influences and occupancy patterns. We screened records from six bibliographic databases: ABI/INFORM, Environment Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, PubMed, ProQuest Biological and Health Professional, and Scopus. (3) Results: Information on indoor exposure levels and determinants, emission sources, and associated health effects was extracted from 141 studies from 29 countries. The most-studied pollutants were particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, xylenes and formaldehyde; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene. Identified indoor PM2.5 sources include smoking, cooking, heating, use of incense, candles, and insecticides, while cleaning, housework, presence of pets and movement of people were the main sources of coarse particles. Outdoor air is a major PM2.5 source in rooms with natural ventilation in roadside households. Major sources of NO2 indoors are unvented gas heaters and cookers. Predictors of indoor NO2 are ventilation, season, and outdoor NO2 levels. VOCs are emitted from a wide range of indoor and outdoor sources, including smoking, solvent use, renovations, and household products. Formaldehyde levels are higher in newer houses and in the presence of new furniture, while PAH levels are higher in smoking households. High indoor particulate matter, NO2 and VOC levels were typically associated with respiratory symptoms, particularly asthma symptoms in children. (4) Conclusions: Household characteristics and occupant activities play a large role in indoor exposure, particularly cigarette smoking for PM2.5, gas appliances for NO2, and household products for VOCs and PAHs. Home location near high-traffic-density roads, redecoration, and small house size contribute to high indoor air pollution. In most studies, air exchange rates are negatively associated with indoor air pollution. These findings can inform interventions aiming to improve IAQ in residential properties in a variety of settings.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AS A RESULT OF TECHNOGENIC FACTORS (IN SAMARKAND REGION)
Authors:   National university of Uzbekistan, Ibragimova Ranо , Pirnazarova Sokhiba
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the impact of technogenic factors on the environment as a result of human activities. The problems that occur in nature as a result of technogenic factors and their solution is described in this article
Cisticercosis cerebral
Authors: A Edgar , Guarderas G
Published: February 2021

Se efectuó un estudio de la cisticercosis cerebral en nuestro medio, en el Hospital “Eugenio Espejo” de la ciudad de Quito, habiéndose encontrado 43 pacientes desde abril de 1970 a diciembre de 1971, que representa el 6% del total de enfermos admitidos al Servicio de Neurocirugía.

Este parásito se desarrolla habitualmente en el cerdo y desde este huésped pasa el hombre por medio de los alimentos contaminados con los huevecillos, siendo el portador principal la lechuga. Los huevecillos se destruyen en el estómago y pasan a la circulación general para alojarse definitivamente en el cerebro.

El cuadro clínico fue variado y múltiple, yendo desde la aparente normalidad hasta cuadros con signos focalizadores e hipertensión endocraneal; dependiendo todo esto del número y localización de los cisticercos asàcomo de la reacción inflamatoria del tejido nerviosos. En 40 pacientes se efectuó estudio del líquido céfalo raquídeo, en diagnóstico de cisticercosis. A todos se les estudió radiológicamente encontrando calcificaciones en 3 casos y obteniendo calcificaciones en 3 casos y obteniendo de esta manera el diagnóstico, en 25 signos radiológicos de hipertensión endocraneana. Se realizaron estudios de contraste como neumoencefalografías, ventriculografías y angiografías, encontrando de preferencia hidrocefalia por obstrucción a nivel del sistema ventricular y/o espacios subaracnoides.

El tratamiento clínico fue sintomático administrándose prednisona, dihidroclorotiacida y difenilhidantoinato de sodio con resultados aceptables. En otros enfermos hubo necesidad de efectuar tratamiento quirúrgico sea para ir a desalojar quistes en diferentes localidades o bien para ir a suprimir la hipertensión intracraneal, completándose con tratamiento corticoesteroide de preferencia. La mortalidad fue del 13,9%.
LA AUDITORIA TRIBUTARIA PREVENTIVA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA EVITAR RIESGOS TRIBUTARIOS
Authors: Callohuanca Avalos Edgar Dario , Flores Quispe Ludwing Roald
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de estudio fue analizar la auditoria tributaria preventiva y su incidencia en los riesgos tributarios de las clínicas privadas en la región de Puno de los periodos 2019 - 2020, para tal fin se aplicó el diseño no experimental de tipo causal. Los resultados obtenidos de acuerdo a la correlación de Pearson nos muestran que hay una correlación positiva baja entre las obligaciones tributarias y las infracciones y sanciones tributarias, como lo señala el valor de la correlación R de Pearson en 0,388 y la correlación entre las normas tributarias y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones formales y sustanciales tiene una correlación positiva moderada, como lo señala el valor de la correlación R de Pearson en 0,698. Se concluye que: después de análisis e interpretación de los resultados obtenidos se ha determinado que la auditoría tributaria preventiva influye moderadamente en los riesgos tributarios en las clínicas en la región de Puno, además se determina que la auditoria tributaria preventiva ayuda a detectar y sobre todo a reducir los riesgos tributarios.
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA IBU SEBAGAI ALAT KOMUNIKASI PENGANTAR BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Widodo Ginanjar
Published: February 2021

Bahasa ibu (Mother Tongue) merupakan bahasa yang umum pertama kali kita pakai sebagai kegiatan komunikasi dilingkungan sekitar. Sebagian besar peserta didik sekolah dasar yang memasuki awal sekolah mencakup sedikit atau tanpa bahasa Indonesia. Dalam situasi ini, perkembangan kognitif dan konseptual dalam memperoleh kefasihan dalam berbahasa Indonesia akan terhambat atau mengalami kesulitan. Karena itu, bahasa ibu digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah di atas, terutama penggunaan bahasa Jawa (ngoko). Penggunaan bahasa Jawa sebagai bahasa ibu di kelas dapat menjadi dukungan luar biasa bagi peserta didik yang belajar bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua. Alasan lain menggunakan bahasa ibu untuk belajar memungkinkan peserta didik untuk mendapatkan pengalaman bahasa total mereka dan melanjutkan pengembangan konseptual mereka, untuk memberikan lingkungan sosial-emosional dimana kondisi dasar untuk belajar dapat terjadi, dan itu adalah praktik sistem pendidikan yang baik untuk membangun kompetensi dan kemampuan peserta didik. Tujuan dari penggunaan  ini adalah (1) mengetahui peran penggunaan bahasa ibu untuk mendukung peserta didik belajar bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua, (2) peran menggunakan bahasa ibu untuk meningkatkan pengembangan konseptual peserta didik, dan (3) peran menggunakan bahasa ibu untuk membangun kompetensi dan kemampuan peserta didik dalam semua materi pelajaran.
METODE LEARNING BY DOING DALAM MENGOPTILALISASI KUALITAS BELAJAR SISWA SMP
Authors: Robani Melia Erba , Rachim Fia Anisa , Febriani Amelia , A Ega Rizqi Fitri
Published: February 2021

Metode learning by doing dalam mengoptimalisasi kualitas belajar siswa SMP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode learning by doing dalam mengoptimalisasikan kualitas belajar siswa SMP. Model pembelajaran learning by doing merupakan konsep belajar dengan melakukan, yaitu suatu pandangan pendidikan pragmatis berdasarkan dua alasan penting: pertama suatu takdir tuhan bahwa anak adalah makhluk aktif, kedua melalui bekerja anak  by doing yaitu bahwa siswa perlu terlibat dalam proses belajar secara spontan. Dengan ini akan membantu siswa untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan belajar aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif. Desain rancangan penelitian disusun oleh peneliti menggunakan kajian literatur. Harapan dari study literatur ini mampu menunjukan optimalisasi kualitas belajar melalui metode learning by doing pada siswa SMP.
PENDIDIKAN SANGAT BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP SUKU ANAK DALAM
Authors: Suharti Suharti
Published: February 2021

Sebuah tulisan sangat penting bagi setiap makhluk hidup di dunia salah satunya yaitu kita sebagai manusia. Karena manusia sebagai makhluk hidup yang memiliki nalar dan pikiran untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia itu sendiri. Tulisan dapat mensupport kehidupan seseorang maupun kategori orang. Di dalam sebuah pemikiran secara universal suatu pendidikan dan pengajaran terhadap setiap manusia sangat penting tidak terkecuali bagi suku anak dalam. Suku anak dalam sangatlah membutuhkan pengajaran yang cocok untuk dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraannya dalam menjalani kehidupan. Terkait pembelajaran tentang analisis data yang dilakukan secara literatur ditemukan sebagai persoalan mengenai minimnya pengajaran di tingkat suku anak dalam. Dari hasil analisis tersebut di harapkan supaya pemerintah dapat menciptakan pengajaran yang mengarah terhadap pengaplikasian pengajaran di daerah pelosok suku anak dalam.
Karakteristik Edible Film Selulosa Batang Jagung (Zea mays) dengan Penambahan Sorbitol
Authors: Afriyanti Afriyanti , Asmoro Novian Wely , Widyastuti Retno , Arifin Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Cellulose is the main constituent of cell walls in plants, cellulose (C6H10O5) n is a long-chain polymer of polysaccharides, 1,4-beta-D-glucose. Cellulose can be extracted from corn stalks with a yield of 35.61%. This cellulose can be used as a base for making edible films other than starch. Improving the physicochemical quality of edible film can be done by adding a plasticizer, such as sorbitol. The aim of this research is to produce edible film from cellulose corn stalks with the addition of sorbitol as a plasticizer. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the concentration of Sorbitol (A) with 6 treatment levels, namely A1 = 0% (control), A2 = 1 ml; A3 = 2 ml; A4 = 3 ml; A5 = 4 ml and A6 = 5 mL. Each treatment was repeated three times in order to obtain experimental units 6 x 3 = 18 experimental units. The product analysis carried out was the thickness, tensile strength, and pH of the edible film. The results showed that the best edible with the highest tensile strength value was obtained when the addition of 4 ml sorbitol was 9.45 MPa.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Bunga Telang terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik pada Produk Minuman Cendol
Authors: Fizriani Atia , Quddus Ati Atul , Hariadi Hari
Published: February 2021

Cendol is a typical beverage product which is much popular among children and adults. A usual colour of cendol is green. Concern for some consumers of the colours found in cendol is a produced by artificial colorant that may have a negative impact for consumen. The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). pigmetns, antocyanin, can be used as alternative for natural food coloring. This research aims to determine the influence addition of the butterfly pea extracts to proximate value, antocyanin total, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic test such as the color, flavor, aroma, and texture. The product of cendol was made from various the addition of 0.25 g, 0.50 g, and 0.75 grams flowers extract. The result showed that cendol with addition of 0,75 g flower extract was the higest total antocyanin content (235,24 mg/L) which had moisture content 82,34%, ash content 1,10%, protein 2,16%, fat 4,18%, carbohydrate 11,95%, and the result of organoleptic test were score of color 2,02; taste 1,94; aroma 1,80 and texture 1,94.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATOTYPE AND LONGITUDINAL
BODY SIZES IN THE PRACTICALLY HEALTHY CHILDREN OF 6-8
YEARS OLD AND THEIR YEARLING WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Vitaliy Kashuba , Dmitriy Afanasiev
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Somatotype is a form of manifestation the natural biological
diversity, which is discrete and determines natural composition different variants of the
constitution typology. Somatotype reflects main features in the dynamics of
ontogenesis, metabolism, reactivity of the organism. These properties form individual
features of the structure and, consequently, functions of the organism, determine its
response to ever-changing environmental factors.
Aim is to study relationship between somatotype in the children of 6-8 years and
longitudinal dimensions of their bodies.
Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and
methodological literature, anthropometric measurements included determining length
and weight of the body, chest, shoulder, waist and thighs, measuring thickness of the
skin and fat folds of the biceps, triceps, forearms, shoulder blades, abdomen, legs and
thighs. Determination of somatotype was carried out by W.H. Sheldon: digestive,
muscular, thoracic, asthenoid. Attention was focused on the development and ratio of
such features as shape of the back, chest, abdomen, legs, state of development the bone,
muscle and adipose tissue, statistical analysis.
Results. There are measured and analyzed differences between the longitudinal
body sizes in a practically healthy children and children of 6-8 years with hearing
impairment depending on their somatotypes. Correlation analysis of a longitudinal
body size allowed to determine common for all groups of children tendency to a direct
dependence length of the body and torso on the somatotype in the examined children.
At the same time, it is shown inverse relationship between somatotype of children with
length of the upper and lower extremities, forearms, hands and legs.
Conclusions. Cluster analysis confirmed that formation four subgroups of
somatotypes in the children of 6-8 years determined by a longitudinal size of their body.
Unlike practically healthy, at the children with disturbance of hearing with asthenoid
and thoracic somatotypes, there are no differences between length of the body and
length of the forearm, and in the children with thoracic and digestive somatotypes – between lengths of the hand. There is a different relationship between type of
somatotype in the children of 6-8 years with a longitudinal size of their body, which
did not depend on the gender and presence of hearing impairment. It is confirmed, that
children with higher body and body characteristics belong to the muscular or digestive,
and with higher extremities – to the asthenoid and thoracic somatotypes
İç Isı Değiştiricili Bir Organik Rankin Çevriminin Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi
Authors: ŞENCAN ŞAHİN Arzu , AĞ Cihanşah , ÖZYURT Osman , ASLAN Yasin
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada R1234yf, R1234ze ve R134a çalışma akışkanlarının kullanıldığı iç ısı değiştiricili bir Organik Rankine Çevriminin (ORC) enerji ve ekserji analizi yapılmıştır. Farklı çalışma sıcaklıkları için ORC sisteminin enerji ve ekserji performansları analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizden kazan, yoğuşturucu ve aşırı soğutma sıcaklıklarının hem enerji hem de ekserji verimlerini önemli derecede etkilediği görülmüştür. Kazan ve aşırı soğutma sıcaklığının artmasıyla enerji ve ekserji verimlerinin arttığı, yoğuşturucu sıcaklığının artmasıyla enerji ve ekserji verimlerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca her bir elemana ait ekserji yıkımları belirlenmiştir. Türbin ve pompa izentropik kabul edildiği için bu elemanlardaki ekserji yıkımları ihmal edilmiştir. En fazla ekerji yıkımının %72 oranında yoğuşturucuda, en düşük ekserji yıkımının da %1 oranında ısı değiştiricide olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, R134a çalışma akışkanına alternatif olarak seçilen R1234yf akışkanının ORC sistemi için kullanılabilecek en uygun akışkan olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
HEDEF MALİYETLEME UYGULAMALARINDA YAŞANAN SORUNLAR VE ÇOK BOYUTLU NEDENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR TARTIŞMA
Authors: TERZİ Ahmet
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki Hedef Maliyetleme Yöntemi uygulamalarında yaşanan aksaklıkları ve bu aksaklıkların nedenlerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, yaşanan sorunların nedeninin yalnızca kültürel farklılıklar, örgüt kültürünün yöntem için elverişsiz oluşu, iş etiği ile ilgili sorunlar, niteliksiz iş gücü gibi bilinen ve üzerinde çok tartışılan iddiaların olmadığı, tüm bunların yanı sıra, ülkelerin ekonomik durumlarının (enflasyon ve faiz oranı, döviz kuru, ekonomideki belirsizlik düzeyi vs.) üretim biçimlerinin, üretilen ürünlerin niteliğinin, iş gücünün sektörel dağılımı gibi faktörlerin de en az kültürel farklılıklar kadar önem arz ettiği yorumu üzerinden akademik bir tartışma yapmaktır. Çalışmada, ekonomik büyüklükleri ve coğrafi konumları da gözönünde bulundurularak belirlenen 7 ülke tablo yardımı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bunun dışında da 10 farklı ülkenin (Irak, Ürdün, Nijerya, Macaristan, Hollanda, Hindistan, İrlanda, Birleşik Krallık, Yeni Zelanda ve Avustralya) ekonomik yapıları ve üretim biçimleri ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Yapılan tartışma sonucunda, yöntemin uygulanmasında başarı elde eden ülkelerin ekonomilerinin ve üretimlerinin, uygulamada başarı sağlamakta zorlanan ülkelerinin ekonomik yapılarından ve üretim biçimlerinden farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
التعليل بوصف "تغيير خلق الله" في عمليات التجميل التحسينية
Authors: الكيلاني جمال أحمد زيد , مناع عمار كمال محمد
Published: February 2021

أهداف البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة مدى اعتبار التغيير للحسن والجمال وصفًا يصلح للتعليل؛ ليُقاس عليه كل ما هو جديد في المسألة. منهج الدراسة: اتبع الباحثان المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي والنقدي المقارن؛ لإنجاز أهداف الدراسة والإجابة عن مشكلتها. النتائج: توصلنا إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: أن التزين والتجمل يعد من العادات والمعاملات، وهو مما يلتفت فيه إلى المعاني والتعليل والقياس، وليس في وصف "تغيير خلق الله" نص يدل عليه صراحة أو دلالة، أو إجماع، كما لا يصلح عِلَّة يُبنى عليها حكم عمليات التجميل التحسينية، فلا بد من البحث عن علة أخرى تصلح لبناء الحكم عليها. أصالة البحث: امتاز هذا البحث بتناوله مسألة التعليل بوصف تغيير خلق الله من ناحية أصولية، واختبار هذا الوصف وعرضه على مسالك العلة؛ لمعرفة مدى صلوحه لأن يكون عِلَّة ابتداء، قبل البحث في ضابطه وتحديد معناه.
APPLICATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL TIME MODEL TO DYNAMICAL RELATION OF POISSON SPIKE TRAINS IN NEURAL ION CURRENT MODELS AND FORMATION OF NON-CANONICAL BASES, ISLANDS, AND G-QUADRUPLEXES IN DNA, MRNA, AND RNA AT OR NEAR THE TRANSCRIPTION
Authors: Fundator Michael
Published: February 2021

Ground breaking application of mathematics and biochemistry to explain formation of non-canonical bases, islands, G-quadruplex structures, and analog bases in DNA and mRNA at or near the transcription with connection to neural networks is implemented using statistical and stochastic methods apparatus with the addition of quantum principles. As a result the usual transience of Poisson spike trains (PST) becomes very instrumental tool for finding periodical type of solutions to Fokker-Plank (FP) stochastic differential equation (SDE). The present study develops new multidimensional methods of finding solutions to SDE. This is based on more rigorous approach to mathematical apparatus through Kolmogorov-Chentsov continuity theorem (KCCT) that allows the stochastic processes with jumps under certain conditions to have  γ-Holder continuous modification, which is used as basis for finding analogous parallels in dynamics of formation of CpG and non-CpG islands (CpGI or non CpGI), repeats of G-quadruplexes, and non canonical bases during DNA (de)- methylation and neural networks.
EVALUATING THE COOLING EFFECT AND THERMAL COMFORT OF SMALL URBAN GREEN SPACES ON THE CITY PEOPLE: THE CASE OF PLANNED RESIDENTIAL AREA OF UTTARA, DHAKA
Authors: Jhumur Saniya Tabassum
Published: February 2021

Urban Green spaces explore innovative approaches to increase the quality of urban settings, enhance livability and promote sustainable lifestyles. They provide environmental benefits through their effects on negating urban heat, increase comfort and the cooling impact of surrounding area. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms by which these benefits accrue. There is, thus, a need for proper planning of urban greenery to increase the benefits sought with the needs of the community and the functionality that the urban green space will serve. In Dhaka the overall situation of urban greenery and Park greenery is in a very poor state. In this research three small parks in the planned residential area of Uttara have been selected to find out their cooling effect and the level of comfort they exert on community people. Simulation studies were also done, to check the environmental performances of the Parks and on their surroundings.  The analysis identifies that these Parks have an impact, the intensity of which depends on the type and quality of its vegetation, its design parameters, connectivity and of course on surrounding urban morphology. Thus, the paper offers a planning for urban park design for planned areas of Dhaka city.
PROTESTI PROTIV FIRME BATA: PRILOG PROUČAVANJU ANTIINDUSTRIJSKIH PROCESA U KRALJEVINI SRBA, HRVATA I SLOVENACA/JUGOSLAVIJI
Authors: Balaban Milan , Savić Dalibor , Herman Jan
Published: February 2021

U članku se predstavljaju antiindustrijski procesi u Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (Kraljevina SHS), kasnije Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. U tom kontekstu posebna pažnja je posvećena protestima protiv firme Bata, koja je svojim dolaskom na tržište Kraljevine SHS potisnula domaću industrijsku i zanatlijsku proizvodnju u kožarskoj industriji, to jest produbila nepovoljan socijalni položaj stanovništva egzistencijalno zavisnog od domaće proizvodnje obuće. U radu se razmatraju i regulatorne mjere koje su preduzimale vlasti Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije u nastojanju da olakšaju položaj domaćih zanatlija usljed tržišne ekspanzije firme Bata. Istraživanje je zasnovano na analizi neobjavljene arhivske građe iz arhiva u Češkoj Republici, Srbiji i Hrvatskoj, odnosno analizi relevantne naučne literature posvećene navedenoj problematici. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je i pored organizovanog otpora zanatlija i regulatornih mjera firma Bata do kraja 1930-ih uspjela da postigne praktični monopol u proizvodnji i prodaji obuće na tržištu Kraljevine Jugoslavije.
SAVEZ KOMUNISTA JUGOSLAVIJE I XII KONGRES KOMUNISTIČKE PARTIJE ITALIJE 1969. GODINE – POČECI TREĆEG PUTA SOCIJALIZMA U EVROPI
Authors: Filipović Luka
Published: February 2021

Formiranje ideologije evrokomunizma i evolucija odnosa koje je Jugoslavija imala sa komunističkim partijama Zapadne Evrope bili su kompleksni istorijski procesi dugog trajanja, u okviru kojih XII kongres Komunističke partije Italije (KPI) predstavlja samo jedan od prvih značajnih događaja. Članak pokušava da doprinese postavljanju geopolitičkih, društveno-strukturalnih i ideološko-teorijskih okvira ovog događaja. Rad je nastao prvenstveno na osnovu istraživanja arhivske građe Međunarodne komisije Centralnog komiteta Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (CK SKJ). Kroz analizu izveštaja CK razmatra se percepcija XII kongresa KPI od strane SKJ, dok analiza diplomatske prepiske i razgovora koji su vođeni tokom kongresa pomaže pri formiranju slike o trenutnim interesima SKJ i KPI. Komparacija ovih interesa kao i savremenih viđenja događaja koji su prethodili XII kongresu KPI služi boljem razumevanju okvira buduće izgradnje odnosa Jugoslavije i evrokomunističkih partija. Naposletku, u oblikovanju slike o geopolitičkim i društveno-istorijskim kontekstima ovih događaja korišćena je istorijska, sociološka i politikološka literatura nastala tokom prethodnih decenija.
PARALELNA VLADA RISTE MATKOVIĆA 1992. PRILOG PROUČAVANJU POLITIČKIH SUKOBA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ KRAJINI
Authors: Gulić Milan
Published: February 2021

Prerastanje Srpske autonomne oblasti Krajine u Republiku Srpsku Krajinu bilo je praćeno međunarodnim pritiscima radi prihvatanja plana američkog diplomate Sajrusa Vensa i otpočinjanja mirovne operacije Ujedinjenih nacija, ali i pritiscima vlasti u Beogradu na rukovodstvo srpskih institucija u Kninu. Takva atmosfera dovela je i do značajnih političkih sukoba u Krajini. Smjenjivanje prvog predsjednika Republike Srpske Krajine Milana Babića i obaranje Vlade kojom je rukovodio, a zatim njegovo odbijanje da prihvati smjenu, doveli su do stvaranja „paralelne“ Vlade Krajine, na čije čelo je postavljen dotadašnji ministar pravosuđa i uprave Risto Matković. Vlada je potrajala svega nekoliko mjeseci, djelujući paralelno sa Vladom Zdravka Zečevića, i za to vrijeme nije ostvarila gotovo nikakav uticaj izvan Knina, u kojem su opštinske vlasti bile u rukama Milana Babića i njegovih političkih pristalica. Rad je zasnovan na arhivskoj građi, objavljenim dokumentima, štampi, relevantnoj literaturi i sjećanjima učesnika događaja.
AN ANALYSIS OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND THE NEAR EAST COUNTRIES IN 1955‒1970
Authors: Purat Andrzej , Bielicki Paweł
Published: February 2021

The article represents an analysis of Yugoslavia’s diplomatic relations with the Middle East in 1955-1970. The text is an introduction to in-depth research on the subject. It is extremely important for Yugoslavia’s foreign policy because it was at this time that this country’s diplomacy began to play an important role on the international stage. The text is based on documents available from the US Department of State, Wilson Center Digital Archive. In addition, we took advantage of available international scientific periodicals, literature in English, Serbian, and Polish, incl. papers by Alvin Rubinstein, Dragan Bogetić, Jože Pirjevec, Pero Simić, and Michał Zacharias.
The Use of Electromagnetic Forces of the Earth in Manual and Physiotherapy
Authors: Pmvovarenko Yuri
Published: February 2021

Physiotherapists usually ignore the electric polarization of human bodies that occurs under the influence of the electromagnetic forces of the Earth. This is irrational, since the positive or negative electrification of human tissues has the opposite effect on both their properties and functional activity. How physiotherapists must take into account the polarizing effect of the electromagnetic forces of the Earth when analysing the functional states of the tissues of the human body is shown here. It also shows how these electromagnetic forces can be used by manual and physiotherapists.
Seasonal Variation of Immune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: ÖZBALCI Demircan , ALANOĞLU Emine Güçhan , SAK Ruveyda
Published: February 2021

Aim: Immune hemolytic anemia is an autoimmune disease that is related to autoantibodies against erythrocytes. Such antibodies appear for a variety of reasons such as hematologic and oncologic malignancies, infections, and connective tissue diseases but in many cases, a true etiologic agent has not been discovered. Many hematologic, as well as rheumatologic disorders, have seasonal variations but there have not been many studies evaluating the possibility of seasonal variation of immune hemolytic anemia.Methods: It was investigated whether the patients with immune hemolytic anemia who were diagnosed and followed in the hematology outpatient and inpatient clinic of Suleyman Demirel University from 2002 to 2018 had a significant seasonality. We also evaluated whether there was any seasonality relationship between gender and beginning of the hemolytic attacks.Results: There was no significant difference when seasons were grouped as spring, summer, autumn and winter, according to gender (p = 0,122). The evaluation of seasons in two groups as autumn-winter and spring-Summer revealed that male patients tended to suffer immune hemolytic anemia in autumn-winter, whereas females, significantly, tend to contract the disease in spring-Summer (p=0,046).Conclusion: Immune hemolytic anemia had significant seasonality pattern depending on gender. More prospective studies are needed to support these findings in this study.
Studi Numerik dan Eksperimen Aerodinamika Airfoil NACA 24112
Authors: Perdana Dhedhek Wahyu Aji , Effendy Marwan
Published: February 2021

This study aims to investigate experimentally and numerically the characteristics of the NACA 24112 airfoil. This study focuses on investigations of lift coefficient (CL), drag coefficient (CD), and CL / CD ratio and pressure, including flow visualisation around the airfoil. The study was conducted at an angle of attack ranging to -15°-20° and various Mach number at  0.0728 and 0.0809. The experimental test used a test specimen with a span dimension of 20 cm and a chord of 10 cm with an open wind tunnel. A total of 376,500 square elements with values ∆y + to 9.6 were successfully generated to achieve the accuracy of the simulation. The results showed that the CL and CD values obtained from the experimental and simulation results showed a similar trend. The CD value of the experimental results is greater than the simulation results. The CL and CD values will increase with increasing flow velocity and increasing the angle of attack. A stall occurs at an attack angle of 20°.
Studi Komparasi Performa Mesin SI Berbahan Bakar Pertalite dan Plastic Pyrolysis Oil (PPO)
Authors: Saputra Eqwar , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: February 2021

This study aims to evaluate the performance of gasoline engines using pure fuel (pertalite) with plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) fuel from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste. The test was carried out on a four stroke, single cylinder test bed machine. The research begins with the manufacture of fuel from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste using the pyrolysis method. The performance parameters evaluated are torque, power and specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The results of the test show that the engine performance using LDPE type plastic waste fuel is relatively lower than pertalite. However, the consumption of LDPE fuel is lower than pertalite.