bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Achilles’ Heel of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Endocannabinoid Anandamide
Authors: Sionov Ronit Vogt , Banerjee Shreya , Bogomolov Sergei , Smoum Reem , Mechoulam Raphael , Steinberg Doron
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major health issue that requires new therapeutic approaches. Accumulating data suggest that it is possible to sensitize these bacteria to antibiotics by combining them with inhibitors targeting efflux pumps, the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein PBP2a, cell wall teichoic acid, or the cell division protein FtsZ. We have previously shown that the endocannabinoid Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) could sensitize drug-resistant S. aureus to a variety of antibiotics, among others, through growth arrest and inhibition of drug efflux. Here, we looked at biochemical alterations caused by AEA. We observed that AEA increased the intracellular drug concentration of a fluorescent penicillin and augmented its binding to membrane proteins with concomitant altered membrane distribution of these proteins. AEA also prevented the secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and reduced the cell wall teichoic acid content, both processes known to require transporter proteins. Notably, AEA was found to inhibit membrane ATPase activity that is necessary for transmembrane transport. AEA did not affect the membrane GTPase activity, and the GTPase cell division protein FtsZ formed the Z-ring of the divisome normally in the presence of AEA. Rather, AEA caused a reduction in murein hydrolase activities involved in daughter cell separation. Altogether, this study shows that AEA affects several biochemical processes that culminate in the sensitization of the drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics.
Phylogeny and Integrative Taxonomy of the Genera Gymnaetoides and Pseudotachycines (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)
Authors: Zhu Qidi , Wang Haijian , Zhou Zhijun , Shi Fuming
Published: July 2022

The genera Gymnaetoides and Pseudotachycines are endemic to China and are morphologically homogeneous. The few available diagnostic characters make species identification particularly challenging. Species cannot be classified according to the given generic diagnosis, and phylogenetic analyses have not been reported. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood and employ four approaches to delimit species. The results suggest that both Gymnaetoides and Pseudotachycines are paraphyletic. Therefore, we revise their taxonomy based on the combination of morphological characters and molecular data. A new genus Homotachycines Zhu & Shi gen. nov. is erected, and six new combinations are proposed. Species delimitation identifies 15 new species and one new subspecies: Gymnaetoides huangshanensis, G. petalus, G. yangmingensis, G. lushanensis, Pseudotachycines procerus, P. procerus guizhouensis, P. zhengi, P. nephrus, P. sagittus, P. fengyangshanensis, Homotachycines triangulus, H. quadratus, H. baokangensis, H. fusus, H. concavus, and H. qinlingensis sp. nov. Moreover, we find that the shapes of the dorsal lateral lobes and the dorsal median lobe of the male genitalia are also important characters for identifying these genera and that the shapes of the dorsal and lateral sclerites of the male genitalia are suitable for the classifications of species.
Tinea Gladiatorum: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Management
Authors: Zalewski Adam , Goldust Mohamad , Szepietowski Jacek Cezary
Published: July 2022

Tinea gladiatorum (TG) is a fungal skin infection that occurs among wrestlers and other contact sport athletes with a varied prevalence rate. The most common causative factor responsible as well for local outbreaks of the infection is an anthropophilic dermatophyte species—Trichophyton tonsurans (T. tonsurans). The purpose of this study was to gather current data about TG, including epidemiology, possible diagnosing methods, clinical features, treatment approaches, and potential prevention techniques. We also performed a systematic review of studies describing TG incidence. The prevalence of the disease varied from 2.4% up to 100%. That wide range of variability forces medical practitioners to update knowledge about TG and points to the fact that it still may be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Spreading awareness among athletes and trainers is one of the most important preventive steps.
Cell-Free Hemoglobin Concentration in Blood Prime Solution Is a Major Determinant of Cell-Free Hemoglobin Exposure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circulation in the Newborn
Authors: Jungner Åsa , Vallius Suvi , Gram Magnus , Ley David
Published: July 2022

Exposure to circulating cell-free hemoglobin is a ubiquitous feature of open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass circulation. This study aims to determine the origins and dynamics of circulating cell-free hemoglobin and its major scavenger proteins haptoglobin and hemopexin during neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass. Forty neonates with an isolated critical congenital heart defect were included in a single-center prospective observational study. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively, hourly during bypass circulation, after bypass separation, at admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, and at postoperative days 1–3. Concentrations of cell-free hemoglobin, haptoglobin and hemopexin were determined using ELISA. Neonates were exposed to significantly elevated plasma concentrations of cell-free hemoglobin and a concomitant depletion of scavenger protein supplies during open-heart surgery. The main predictor of cell-free hemoglobin exposure was the concentration of cell-free hemoglobin in blood prime solution. Concentrations of haptoglobin and hemopexin in prime solution were important determinants for intra- and postoperative circulating scavenger protein resources.
Think Digital—The New Era in the Dentistry Field
Authors: Di Fiore Adolfo
Published: July 2022

In recent years the dental field has evolved incredibly due to the introduction of digital technology [...]
Frailty Status Improvement after 5-Month Multicomponent Program PROMUFRA in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barrachina-Igual Joaquín , Pablos Ana , Pérez-Ros Pilar , Flor-Rufino Cristina , Martínez-Arnau Francisco M.
Published: July 2022

A study was made of the effect of the PROMUFRA multicomponent frailty program upon physical frailty, kinanthropometry, pain and muscle function parameters in frail and pre-frail community-dwelling older people. Eighty-one participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG performed PROMUFRA for 20 weeks, using six strength exercises with three series of 8–12 repetitions until muscular failure, and seven myofascial exercises, with one set of 10 repetitions. The CG continued their routine. The frailty criteria number (FCN), kinanthropometric parameters and muscle function were measured at baseline and after the program. Between-group differences were found in the interaction for FCN, muscle mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass index, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), hip flexion with knee straight ROM, maximum isometric knee extension, maximum isotonic knee extension, maximum leg press and hand grip strength., and also on post-intervention frailty status. The IG showed a statistical trend towards decreased pain. In conclusion, the PROMUFRA program is a potential training approach that can bring benefits in physical frailty status, body composition, ROM and muscle function among frail or pre-frail community-dwelling older people.
Characterization of Cognitive, Language and Adaptive Profiles of Children and Adolescents with Malan Syndrome
Authors: Alfieri Paolo , Macchiaiolo Marina , Collotta Martina , Montanaro Federica Alice Maria , Caciolo Cristina , Cumbo Francesca , Galassi Paolo , Panfili Filippo Maria , Cortellessa Fabiana , Zollino Marcella , Accadia Maria , Seri Marco , Tartaglia Marco , Bartuli Andrea , Mammì Corrado , Vicari Stefano , Priolo Manuela
Published: July 2022

Malan Syndrome (MS) is an ultra-rare overgrowth genetic syndrome due to heterozygous variants or deletions in the Nuclear Factor I X (NFIX) gene. It is characterized by an unusual facial phenotype, generalized overgrowth, intellectual disability (ID) and behavioral problems. Even though limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning have been previously described, systematic studies on MS cohorts are still lacking. Here, we aim to define the cognitive and adaptive behavior profile of MS children and adolescents, providing quantitative data from standardized evaluations. Subjects included in this study were evaluated from October 2020 to January 2022 and the study is based on a retrospective data archive: fifteen MS individuals were recruited and underwent evaluation with Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Leiter International Performance Scales and Griffith Mental Development Scales for cognitive profiles and with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II Edition (VABS-II) for adaptive functioning. Language skills and visuomotor integration abilities were assessed too. Comparisons and correlations between scales and subtests were performed. All the assessed MS individuals showed both low cognitive and adaptive functioning. One subject presented with mild ID, five had moderate ID and eight showed severe ID. One female toddler received a diagnosis of psychomotor delay. Linguistic skills were impaired in all individuals, with language comprehension relatively more preserved. Results revealed significant differences between VABS-II subdomains and a strong relationship between cognitive and adaptive functioning. All subjects exhibited mild to moderate ID and adaptive behavior lower than normal, with communication skills being the most affected. Regarding the daily living skills domain, personal and community subscale scores were dramatically lower than for the domestic subdomain, highlighting the importance of considering behavior within developmental and environmental contexts. Our cognitive and adaptive MS characterization provides a more accurate quantitative MS profiling, which is expected to help clinicians to better understand the complexity of this rare disorder.
Dyslipidemia in Transplant Patients: Which Therapy?
Authors: Iannuzzo Gabriella , Cuomo Gianluigi , Di Lorenzo Anna , Tripaldella Maria , Mallardo Vania , Iaccarino Idelson Paola , Sagnelli Caterina , Sica Antonello , Creta Massimiliano , Baltar Javier , Crocetto Felice , Bresciani Alessandro , Gentile Marco , Calogero Armando , Giallauria Francesco
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of death worldwide in recent years; an increasing trend is also shown in organ transplant patients subjected to immunosuppressive therapies, in which cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most frequent causes of long-term mortality. This is also linked to immunosuppressant-induced dyslipidemia, which occurs in 27 to 71% of organ transplant recipients. The aim of this review is to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia in patients treated with immunosuppressants to identify immunosuppressive therapies which do not cause dyslipidemia or therapeutic pathways effective in reducing hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or both, without further adverse events.
Incidence of Sleep Bruxism in Different Phenotypes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Smardz Joanna , Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Wojakowska Anna , Michalek-Zrabkowska Monika , Poreba Rafal , Gac Pawel , Mazur Grzegorz , Martynowicz Helena
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a common sleep behavior. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder with potential long-term major neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. Although the co-occurrence of SB and OSA has been described previously, the exact relationship remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of SB in different phenotypes of OSA. (2) Methods: The participants of this study were adult patients referred to the Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology at the Wroclaw Medical University. They underwent a single-night video polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. The data related to common OSA phenotypes were analyzed in two separate groups of patients: body position related (n = 94) and rapid eye movement (REM) related (n = 85). (3) Results: The obtained results showed that the incidence of SB and severe SB was higher for body position-related OSA phenotype (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). No statistically significant differences were observed for REM-related OSA phenotype (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). (4) Conclusions: Body position-related OSA phenotype seems to be associated with higher SB and severe SB incidence, but the relationship is not independent. However, in the light of the unclear relationship between SB and sleep-disordered breathing, the topic needs further study.
Combined Effects of Botulinum Toxin Injection and Oral Appliance Therapy on Lower Facial Contouring: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Park YounJung , Ku Sang Kyun , Lee Debora H. , Kim Seong Taek
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is an esthetically effective and safe treatment for contouring the lower face. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of BoNT and supplementary oral appliance (OA) therapy on lower facial contouring. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial from January 2015 to June 2016 at the Yonsei University Dental Hospital. Volunteers aged 20–45 years with masseter hypertrophy were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the non-OA group and the OA group. The non-OA group received BoNT injections alone, whereas the OA group received an OA in addition to BoNT injections. Changes in the bulkiest height of the lower face were evaluated by three-dimensional laser scanning before and 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after injections in both groups. (3) Results: In both groups, the bulkiest height reductions decreased, with a significant interaction between group (p = 0.046) and time (p < 0.001), although the overall reduction was at a similar level at 24 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The pattern of the bulkiest height reduction of the lower face after BoNT injection differed between standalone treatment and OA therapy, implying a normalizing effect of OA on masseter muscle activity.
A Comparison of EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D Utilities of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders of Different Severity: A Health-Related Quality of Life Approach
Authors: Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos , Stamatopoulou Eleni , Gazi Sousana , Moschou Dimitra , Krikelis Michail , Talias Michael A.
Published: July 2022

This study compares EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D utilities in patients with different musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, also differing in disease severity as defined by valid clinical indexes. Utilities were measured from a cross-sectional sample of rheumatoid arthritis (N = 114), psoriatic arthritis (N = 57), ankylosing spondylitis (N = 49), and osteopenia/osteoporosis (N = 95) patients. For the first three groups, disease activity (severity) was measured with the DAS-28, DAPSA, and BASDAI clinical indexes, respectively. Mean differences and effect sizes were measured, and agreement between utilities was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. Higher agreement was observed between EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D, compared to EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D, in all MSK disorder groups and severity levels. In groups with moderate to high severity, agreement between EQ-5D-3L/SF-6D and EQ-5D-5L/SF-6D was between low and fair, and both EQ-5D-3L and 5L utilities were lower than SF-6D (p < 0.001). On the other hand, in remission or low activity groups, agreement was excellent, and SF-6D utilities were again typically higher than EQ-5D-3L/5L, but not significantly. In more severe patients, SF-6D generated significantly higher utilities than EQ-5D-3L and 5L, which is consistent with most previous studies. Such discrepancies could have implications on economic evaluations of interventions targeting patients with MSK disorders.
Macrophages Loaded with Fe Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photothermal Ablation of Tumors
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhu Shuntao , Qin Kun , Fan Xueyu , An Lu
Published: July 2022

Magnetic iron nanoparticle-based theranostics agents have attracted much attention due to their good magnetism and biocompatibility. However, efficiently enriching tumors with iron nanoparticles to enhance the treatment effect remains a pressing challenge. Herein, based on the targeting and high phagocytosis of macrophages, an Fe nanoparticle-loaded macrophage delivery system was designed and constructed to efficiently deliver iron nanoparticles to tumors. Hydrophilic Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a core-shell structure were synthesized by pyrolysis and ligand exchange strategy. Subsequently, they were loaded into macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) using a co-incubation method. After loading into RAW264.7, the photothermal performance of Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were significantly enhanced. In addition, Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded into the macrophage RAW264.7 (Fe@Fe3O4@RAW) exhibited a good T2-weighted MRI contrast effect and clear tumor imaging in vivo due to the tumor targeting tendency of macrophages. More importantly, after being intravenously injected with Fe@Fe3O4@RAW and subjected to laser irradiation, the tumor growth was effectively inhibited, indicating that macrophage loading could enhance the tumor photothermal ablation ability of Fe@Fe3O4. The macrophage mediated delivery strategy for Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles was able to enhance the treatment effect, and has great potential in tumor theranostics.
The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Burrell Louise M. , Brook Rowena , Nandurkar Harshal H. , Donnan Geoffrey , Ho Prahlad
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the era of modern medicine despite major advancements in this field. Current available clinical surrogate markers and blood tests do not adequately predict individual risk of cardiovascular disease. A more precise and sophisticated tool that can reliably predict the thrombosis and bleeding risks at an individual level is required in order for clinicians to confidently recommend early interventions with a favorable risk–benefit profile. Critical to the development of this tool is the assessment and understanding of Virchow’s triad and its complex interactions between hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and vessel flow, a fundamental concept to the development of thrombosis. This review explores the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease stemming from the triad of factors and how individualized risk assessment can be improved through the multimodal use of tools such as global coagulation assays, endothelial biomarkers and vessel flow assessment.
Neurogenic Bowel and Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rodriguez Gianna M. , Gater David R.
Published: July 2022

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from the sequela of neurogenic bowel and its disabling complications primarily constipation, fecal incontinence, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Neurogenic bowel is a functional bowel disorder with a spectrum of defecatory disorders as well as colonic and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. This manuscript will review the anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal innervation, as well as the pathophysiology associated with SCI. It will provide essential information on the recent guidelines for neurogenic bowel assessment and medical management. This will allow medical providers to partner with their patients to develop an individualized bowel plan utilizing a combination of various pharmacological, mechanical and surgical interventions that prevent complications and ensure successful management and compliance. For people with SCI and neurogenic bowel dysfunction, the fundamental goal is to maintain health and well-being, promote a good quality of life and support active, fulfilled lives in their homes and communities.
Increased Risk of NAFLD in Adults with Glomerular Hyperfiltration: An 8-Year Cohort Study Based on 147,162 Koreans
Authors: Koo Dae-Jeong , Lee Mi Yeon , Jung Inha , Moon Sun Joon , Kwon Hyemi , Rhee Eun-Jung , Park Cheol-Young , Lee Won-Young , Oh Ki Won , Park Se Eun
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated whether glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) could predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis. A longitudinal cohort study including 147,479 participants aged 20–65 years without NAFLD and kidney disease at baseline was performed. GHF cutoff values were defined as age- and sex-specific estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRs) above the 95th percentile, and eGFR values between the 50th and 65th percentiles were used as reference groups. NAFLD was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasonography, and the fibrosis status was evaluated using the NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4. During 598,745 person years of follow-up (median, 4.6 years), subjects with GHF at baseline had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for the development of NAFLD (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.14–1.29) and fibrosis progression (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.11–1.82) after adjusting for confounding factors. A higher baseline eGFR percentile maintained a higher risk of NAFLD and fibrosis probability. The persistent GHF group during follow-up had the highest HR for NAFLD compared to the persistent non-GHF group (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.14–1.51). These results were consistent in all subgroups and statistically more prominent in participants without diabetes. GHF was positively associated with increased risk of NAFLD and probability of liver fibrosis in healthy adults.
Changes in the Incidence Rates of Gastrointestinal Diseases Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: A Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kang Ho Suk , Lim Hyun , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Ji Hee , Cho Seong-Jin , Nam Eun Sook , Min Kyueng-Whan , Park Ha Young , Kim Nan Young , Kwon Mi Jung
Published: July 2022

We investigated whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in conjunction with public health measures, influenced the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases according to age and sex during the pandemic. Changes in the monthly incidence rates (January 2018 to June 2021) of common gastrointestinal diseases were assessed using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service by comparing the data of two periods: before COVID-19 (January 2018–February 2020) and during COVID-19 (March 2020–June 2021). The Mann–Whitney U test and Levene’s test were used to compare the differences in the incidences before and during the pandemic. In the pandemic period, compared to in the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence rates of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cholelithiasis, and esophageal reflux significantly increased, whereas those of infective enteritis and irritable bowel syndrome decreased, regardless of age or sex. There were no significant changes in the incidence rates of pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, liver cirrhosis, and hemorrhoids. No seasonal variations in gastrointestinal disease occurrence were observed. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic may have had unprecedented and long-term impacts on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal disease. These changes may indicate a substantial future burden on healthcare resources during the recovery phase of the pandemic and thereafter.
Land Use Transformation Based on Production−Living−Ecological Space and Associated Eco-Environment Effects: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Beiying , Xiao Weidong , Lu Yong
Published: July 2022

We investigate the eco-environmental effects and the driving factors of transforming the production–living–ecological space (PLES) land use function and offer a scientific foundation for developing regional territorial area and environmental preservation. Eco-environment quality index and ecological contribution ratio are used to analyze the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics and eco-environment effects of land use transformation in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) over the three time periods of 2000, 2010, and 2020, and the geographic detectors are used to analyze the factors that influence the spatial difference of eco-environment quality (EEQ). The findings indicate the following: (1) The land use transformation of YRDUA is primarily shown in the shrinkage of the production land area, the stability of ecological land, and the rapid increase of living land. The area of ecological land, such as water, forest, and pasture, has remained relatively steady from the perspective of secondary land types. In contrast, the area of urban and rural living land has significantly increased. (2) Most land use environment comprises the lower-value zone, accounting for about 50%. The area of the low-value zone has continued to rise owing to the rapid urban and rural living land development, tending to continuous growth. (3) Both the ecological improvement and degradation trends are present simultaneously, although the ecological improvement trend is less prominent than the environmental degradation trend. The primary factor is improving the eco-environment by transforming agricultural production land into forest, water, and ecological pasture land. The degradation of the regional EEQ is mostly due to the occupation of agricultural production land by urban and rural living land. (4) Considering natural elements such as altitude, precipitation, and slope, the extent of land use impacts the EEQ. The combination of several factors has changed the EEQ of the YRDUA. The effect of any two elements is stronger than that of a single factor.
Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity and Identification of Its Influencing Factors Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi
Authors: Zhu Zhiyuan , Mei Zhikun , Li Shilin , Ren Guangxin , Feng Yongzhong
Published: July 2022

Ecological carrying capacity (ECC), which requires simple scientific evaluation methods, is an important evaluation index for assessing the sustainability of ecosystems. We integrate an innovative research method. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) were used to evaluate the ECC of the Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi (YRBS) and to identify the underlying factors that influence it. A calculation method that combines RS and GIS data to estimate ECC based on net primary productivity (NPP) was established. The Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach model was applied to estimate NPP. The NPP of each land type was used as an indicator to determine the yield factors. The ECC of the watershed was calculated with the carrying capacities of each land-use type. The geographical detector model was used to study the influencing factors of ECC, which provides a scientific basis for the formulation of ecological management policies in YRBS. The results show that from 2000 to 2010, it first decreased by 45.46%, and then increased by 37.06% in 2020, an overall decrease of 13.49 × 105 wha in 20 years. Precipitation is the dominant factor that affects ECC, while the impact of human activities on ECC was significantly enhanced during the study period. The developed method based on RS data serves as a reference for ecological evaluation in other similar regions.
3-Amino-4-(diphenylamino)-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one
Authors: Quiroga-Suavita Felipe , Rodríguez Ricaurte , León Omar
Published: July 2022

Various synthetic methodologies to obtain 3,4-diaminoisocumarin nucleus have been reported and described. However, mechanistic analysis based on experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, we report the synthesis of the novel 3-amino-4-(diphenylamino)-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one using a two-step methodology with a new mechanistic proposal to explain the formation of the latter based on previously reported precursors and the established conditions. This compound was afforded in 80% yield.
Underwater Processing of Materials
Authors: Fydrych Dariusz , Tomków Jacek
Published: July 2022

Technological processes carried out in the water environment include the production and processing of engineering materials and giving them specific properties [...]
Numerical Analysis of Transient Pressure Damping in Viscoelastic Pipes at Different Water Temperatures
Authors: Sun Qiang , Zhang Zhilin , Wu Yuebin , Xu Ying , Liang Huan
Published: July 2022

Water temperature affects the peak pressure damping of transient flows in viscoelastic pipes. Owing to the viscoelastic properties of pipes, the accuracy of peak pressure damping simulations hinges on both viscoelastic and frictional factors. In simulations, the influence of both factors on peak pressure damping at different water temperatures is unclear. In this study, the Kelvin–Voigt model with both a quasi-steady friction model and modified Brunone model was employed. Based on experimental data, the accuracy of simulated peak pressure damping was verified at four different water temperatures (13.8, 25, 31, and 38.5 °C). From the perspective of energy transfer and dissipation, the influence of viscoelastic and frictional factors on peak pressure damping were clarified, and the applicability of different friction models was determined based on the contributions of viscoelastic and frictional factors to peak pressure damping. The numerical results indicate that the viscoelastic properties of pipes have a greater impact on peak pressure damping than their frictional properties at 25, 31, and 38.5 °C. Higher temperatures result in a delay in the rate of work and a decrease in the frequency of work performed by viscoelastic pipes. Viscoelastic properties play a more important role than frictional ones in calculating peak pressure damping as the water temperature increases. In addition, the one-dimensional quasi-steady friction model can accurately simulate peak pressure damping within a specified water temperature range.
Carbon-Based Composite Materials for Electrodes
Authors: Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Uslu Bengi
Published: July 2022

Carbon-Based Composite Materials for Electrodes is a new open Special Issue of Materials, which has the goal of publishing original research and review articles focused on carbon nanotubes, graphene, activated carbon, graphite, pencil graphite, graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, pyrolytic graphite, organic mass derived carbon, fullerenes, diamond, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, and other composites for electrode preparation and its applications [...]
Investigation of a Novel Hydrogen Depressurization Structure Constituted by an Orifice Plate with Tesla-Type Channels
Authors: Li Bei , Liu Yu , Li Jiaqing , Liu Bin , Wang Xingxing , Deng Guanyu
Published: July 2022

A hydrogen depressurization system is required to supply the hydrogen to the fuel cell stack from the storage. In this study, a Tesla-type depressurization construction is proposed. Parallel Tesla-type channels are integrated with the traditional orifice plate structure. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is applied to simulate high-pressure hydrogen flow through the proposed structure, using a commercial software package, ANSYS-Fluent (version 19.2, ANSYS, Inc. Southpointe, Canonsburg, PA, USA). The Peng–Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) is incorporated into the CFD model to provide an accurate thermophysical property estimation. The construction is optimized by the parametric analysis. The results show that the pressure reduction performance is improved greatly without a significant increase in size. The flow impeding effect of the Tesla-type orifice structure is primarily responsible for the pressure reduction improvement. To enhance the flow impeding effect, modifications are introduced to the Tesla-type channel and the pressure reduction performance has been further improved. Compared to a standard orifice plate, the Tesla-type orifice structure can improve the pressure reduction by 237%. Under low inlet mass flow rates, introduction of a secondary Tesla-type orifice construction can achieve better performance of pressure reduction. Additionally, increasing parallel Tesla-type channels can effectively reduce the maximum Mach number. To further improve the pressure reduction performance, a second set of Tesla-type channels can be introduced to form a two-stage Tesla-type orifice structure. The study provides a feasible structure design to achieve high-efficiency hydrogen depressurization in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs).
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the TIG (A-TIG) Welding of Dissimilar Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Qin Bo , Qu Rui , Xie Yanfeng , Liu Sheng
Published: July 2022

The welding experiments and numerical simulation analysis of dissimilar magnesium alloy AZ61-AM60 were carried out by TIG and A-TIG methods. The mathematical model of welding pool under three-dimensional transient moving heat source has been established, and the temperature field has been numerically simulated. The influence of welding process parameters on the surface forming quality of welded joints has been discussed. The simulation results show that temperature field distribution of dissimilar magnesium alloy AZ61-AM60 during the TIG welding process presents a certain asymmetry and the shape distribution of the melting field on both sides of the molten pool is asymmetrical. When A-TIG welding was coated with activating flux, the surface of the molten pool is ingot-shaped. These simulation results are verified through experiment investigation. The consistency between the experimental results and the simulation results reveals the variation law of temperature field and molten pool shape in the welding process, which provides an effective guidance for the optimization of welding process parameters of dissimilar magnesium alloys.
Exact Solutions for Gravity-Segregated Flows in Porous Media
Authors: Bedrikovetsky Pavel , Borazjani Sara
Published: July 2022

The review is devoted to exact analytical solutions for quasi-2D gravity segregated flows or gravity currents in subterranean porous formations. The problems under consideration are quasi-linear. The driving forces are two components of the buoyancy—one exerting the bulk of the light fluid and one due to the curvilinearity of the interface between the fluids. In the case of homogeneous formation or where the seal slope is negligible, the transport equation is parabolic and allows for a wide set of self-similar solutions. In a large-scale approximation of the buoyancy domination, the governing equation is hyperbolic; the method of characteristics allows for a detailed analytical description of gravity current propagation with final accumulation in the geological trap. Analytical models for leakage via the caprock seal are also discussed. The work was completed by formulating some unsolved problems in segregated flows in porous media.
Effect of Ni-Coated Carbon Nanotubes Additions on the Eutectic Sn-0.7Cu Lead-Free Composite Solder
Authors: Liu Xin , Lu Guoge , Ji Zhe , Wei Fuxiang , Yao Chuandang , Wang Jiajian
Published: July 2022

Sn-0.7Cu-based (all in wt.% unless specified otherwise) composite solders functionalized with Ni-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with various weight proportions ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 wt.% were successfully produced. The Ni-coated CNTs were synthesized with discontinuous nickel coating by an improved electroless nickel plating technique. The microstructural, melting and wetting properties of Sn-0.7Cu-based composite solders were evaluated as a function of different amounts of Ni-coated CNTs addition. Compared to Sn-0.7Cu, it was observed that the microstructure of the composite solder added to the Ni-coated CNTs was still composed of the intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 in a β-Sn matrix, but the micromorphology changed greatly. When 0.05 wt.% Ni-coated CNTs were added, the rod-shaped Cu6Sn5 particles disappeared, and all appeared in a form of dot-shaped Cu6Sn5 particles. DSC results showed only a slight decrease in the melting behavior of the composite solder. Experimental results unveiled that the addition of Ni-coated CNTs to Sn-0.7Cu solder could improve the wettability. With the addition of 0.05 wt.% Ni-coated CNTs, the wetting angle decreased by 13.35%, and an optimum wetting angle of 25.44° was achieved.
Isotope Calculation Gadgets: A Series of Software for Isotope-Tracing Experiments in Garuda Platform
Authors: Okahashi Nobuyuki , Yamada Yuki , Iida Junko , Matsuda Fumio
Published: July 2022

Isotope tracing is a powerful technique for elucidating intracellular metabolism. Experiments utilizing this technique involve various processes, such as the correction of natural isotopes. Although some previously developed software are available for these procedures, there are still time-consuming steps in isotope tracing including the creation of an isotope measurement method in mass spectrometry (MS) and the interpretation of obtained labeling data. Additionally, these multi-step tasks often require data format conversion, which is also time-consuming. In this study, the Isotope Calculation Gadgets, a series of software that supports an entire workflow of isotope-tracing experiments, was developed in the Garuda platform, an open community. Garuda is a graphical user interface-based platform that allows individual operations to be sequentially performed, without data format conversion, which significantly reduces the required time and effort. The developed software includes new features that construct channels for isotopomer measurements, as well as conventional functions such as natural isotope correction, the calculation of fractional labeling and split ratio, and data mapping, thus facilitating an overall workflow of isotope-tracing experiments through smooth functional integration.
Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Al-Amarat Wesam , Abukhalil Mohammad H. , Alruhaimi Reem S. , Alqhtani Haifa A. , Aldawood Nouf , Alfwuaires Manal A. , Althunibat Osama Y. , Aladaileh Saleem H. , Algefare Abdulmohsen I. , Alanezi Abdulkareem A. , AbouEl-ezz Ali M. , Ahmeda Ahmad F. , Mahmoud Ayman M.
Published: July 2022

Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histopathological changes in CP-intoxicated rats. API suppressed ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, Bax, and caspase-3 in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, API enhanced hepatic antioxidants and Bcl-2 and boosted the Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance and protein. In conclusion, API is effective in preventing CP hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The hepatoprotective efficacy of API was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
A Multi-Electrode Pixel Structure for Quick-Response Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Tian Lixia , Lai Shufa , Zhang Taiyuan , Li Wei , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: July 2022

A new reflective display technology, the electrowetting display (EWD), has the advantages of high contrast ratio, high reflectivity, and ultralow power consumption. The response speed of EWDs has an important influence on optical performance, and pixel structure is one of the key factors affecting the response speed of EWDs. In order to improve the response speed, a new multi-electrode pixel structure is proposed in this paper. This structure was realized by dividing the pixel into four square-shaped sub-electrodes, and a three-dimensional EWD simulation model was established. In this model, a driving voltage was first applied to one of these sub-electrodes, and the oil was ruptured. Then, its two adjacent sub-electrodes were also supplied with driving voltages, so as to spur the oil to move to a pixel corner quickly. Simulation results showed that the response speed of EWDs can be effectively improved by using the proposed multi-electrode pixel structure. Compared with a single-electrode pixel structure, the oil rupture response time of the multi-electrode pixel structure was advanced by 0.6 ms. The pixel achieved a 2.7 ms faster response time than the single-electrode pixel for reaching a 50% aperture ratio in an opening process, and the maximum aperture ratio was increased by 6.2%.
Optimized Design of a Self-Biased Amplifier for Seizure Detection Supplied by Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: Metaheuristic Algorithms versus ANN-Assisted Goal Attainment Method
Authors: Devi Swagata , Guha Koushik , Jakšić Olga , Baishnab Krishna Lal , Jakšić Zoran
Published: July 2022

This work is dedicated to parameter optimization for a self-biased amplifier to be used in preamplifiers for the diagnosis of seizures in neuro-diseases such as epilepsy. For the sake of maximum compactness, which is obligatory for all implantable devices, power is to be supplied by a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). Several meta-heuristic optimization algorithms and an ANN (artificial neural network)-assisted goal attainment method were applied to the circuit, aiming to provide us with the set of optimal design parameters which ensure the minimal overall area of the preamplifier. These parameters are the slew rate, load capacitor, gain–bandwidth product, maximal input voltage, minimal input voltage, input voltage, reference voltage, and dissipation power. The results are re-evaluated and compared in the Cadence 180 nm SCL environment. It has been observed that, among the metaheuristic algorithms, the whale optimization technique reached the best values at low computational cost, decreased complexity, and the highest convergence speed. However, all metaheuristic algorithms were outperformed by the ANN-assisted goal attainment method, which produced a roughly 50% smaller overall area of the preamplifier. All the techniques described here are applicable to the design and optimization of wearable or implantable circuits.
Ballen Quartz in Jänisjärvi Impact Melt Rock with High Concentrations of Fe, Mg, and Al: EPMA, EDS, EBSD, CL, and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zamiatina Daria A. , Zamyatin Dmitry A. , Mikhalevskii Georgii B.
Published: July 2022

Ballen quartz is a spherical aggregate that is typical for impactites. Previous studies of ballen quartz in different impact structures have revealed the presence of Fe, K, Al, Mg, and Ca in the contact zone between individual ballen only. In the present study, we describe ballen quartz found in a sample from a Jänisjärvi impact structure with a high concentration of Al2O3 (up to 4.56 wt.%), FeO (6.43 wt.%), and MgO (2.12 wt.%) in individual ballen. Microbeam methods: EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis), EDS (Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy), BSE (Back-scattered Electrons), EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction), CL (Cathodoluminescence), and Raman spectroscopy were used to understand the atypical compositions of ballen quartz and its formation processes. Ballen quartz in our sample consists of unaltered quartz (domain A), which was formed as a result of shock heating, and hydrothermally altered quartz (domain B). The abundance of Fe, Mg, and Al in domain B is associated with submicron-sized inclusions of chlorite or other Fe-Mg minerals. Misorientations in subgrains in ballen quartz type A and B reach 1° and 7°, respectively. The micrometer-sized orientational inhomogeneity in ballen quartz type B is comparable in size to the micrometer-sized blocks separated by the grid of microfractures. The new data obtained expand the diversity of the ballen quartz studied and could be used for an understanding the mechanisms of their formation.
Facile and Rapid Synthesis of Porous Hydrated V2O5 Nanoflakes for High-Performance Zinc Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Guo Kai , Cheng Wenchong , Chen Haoxiong , Li Hanbin , Chen Jinxue , Liu Haiyuan , Tu Yunliang , She Wenhao , Huang Zhengkai , Wan Yinpeng , Zou Lixia , Li Zhuyao , Zhong Xing , Wu Yongchuan , Wang Xianfu , Yu Neng
Published: July 2022

Hydrated V2O5 with unique physical and chemical characteristics has been widely used in various function devices, including solar cells, catalysts, electrochromic windows, supercapacitors, and batteries. Recently, it has attracted extensive attention because of the enormous potential for the high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery cathode. Although great progress has been made in developing applications of hydrated V2O5, little research focuses on improving current synthesis methods, which have disadvantages of massive energy consumption, tedious reaction time, and/or low efficiency. Herein, an improved synthesis method is developed for hydrated V2O5 nanoflakes according to the phenomenon that the reactions between V2O5 and peroxide can be dramatically accelerated with low-temperature heating. Porous hydrated V2O5 nanoflake gel was obtained from cheap raw materials at 40 °C in 30 min. It shows a high specific capacity, of 346.6 mAh/g, at 0.1 A/g; retains 55.2% of that at 20 A/g; and retains a specific capacity of 221.0 mAh/g after 1800 charging/discharging cycles at 1 A/g as an aqueous zinc ion battery cathode material. This work provides a highly facile and rapid synthesis method for hydrated V2O5, which may favor its applications in energy storage and other functional devices.
Altering Terahertz Sound Propagation in a Liquid upon Nanoparticle Immersion
Authors: De Francesco Alessio , Formisano Ferdinando , Scaccia Luisa , Guarini Eleonora , Bafile Ubaldo , Maccarini Marco , Nykypanchuck Dmytro , Suvorov Alexei , Cai Yong Q. , Lynch Scott T. , Cunsolo Alessandro
Published: July 2022

One of the grand challenges of new generation Condensed Matter physicists is the development of novel devices enabling the control of sound propagation at terahertz frequency. Indeed, phonon excitations in this frequency window are the leading conveyor of heat transfer in insulators. Their manipulation is thus critical to implementing heat management based on the structural design. To explore the possibility of controlling the damping of sound waves, we used high spectral contrast Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS) to comparatively study terahertz acoustic damping in a dilute suspension of 50 nm nanospheres in glycerol and on pure glycerol. Bayesian inference-based modeling of measured spectra indicates that, at sufficiently large distances, the spectral contribution of collective modes in the glycerol suspension becomes barely detectable due to the enhanced damping, the weakening, and the slight softening of the dominant acoustic mode.