bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic Parasitic Lesions of Sheep Meat at Two Slaughterhouses in the North of Algeria
Authors: Dahmani As. , Aissi M. , Zenia S. , Harhoura K. , Kadour R. , Saadi A.
Published: October 2022

A total of 10,696 randomly selected sheep have been collected in two slaughterhouses in the north of Algeria (El Harrach and Boufarik) to determine the prevalence of muscular cysticercosis and macroscopic cysts of sarcosporidiosis, to find out the association between prevalence and potential risk factors, as well as to assess the distribution of these parasites in the surface’s muscles of slaughtered sheep. All of the slaughtered sheep carcasses were visually and carefully inspected. Cysticercosis and sarcosporidiosis were found in 220 (2.06 %) and 76 (0.7 %) sheep, respectively. For both diseases, the prevalence was significantly higher in females than males. The prevalence of Cysticercus ovis increased with age, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), while all infected animals were old (over 5 years old) for sarcosporidiosis. For C. ovis, it didn’t have significant difference between the seasons, however, all sheep were infected in the spring for sarcosporidiosis. All the detected cysts of C. ovis were non-viable, and were more frequently detected in the heart (51.82 %), followed by the diaphragm (30.77 %) and the oesophagus (17.41 %). This anatomical distribution of C. ovis cysts showed a significant variation (P < 0.001) in different predilection sites. Whereas, for sarcosporidiosis, the species involved was identified as S. gigantea by histology and were distributed in the organs as follows: the skeletal muscles (38.15 %), the oesophagus (31.57 %) and the diaphragm (30.26 %); no significant difference were noted between the 3 sites. The present study has revealed that these parasites are present in Algeria. Appropriate control measures need to be introduced to eradicate these parasites in sheep.
The Head and Neck Vascular Anatomical Variability in the Laboratory Rat and its Significance to Medical Science
Authors: Vdoviaková K. , Askin S. J. , Krešáková L. , Vrabec V. , Vrzgula M. , Danková M.
Published: October 2022

Laboratory rats are often used in experimental research of concern to human and veterinary medicine. There are several advantages of using rats as a scientific medium. In this study rats will be used as the scientific model as, previously discussed, they have proven their effectiveness in cardiovascular studies. The aim is to give a description of the cranial region, the head and neck of the rat as well as imaging of the vasculature of these regions to support the planning of surgical therapeutic methods to be applied to human and veterinary medical research. The research of the blood vessels morphology in anatomical studies is key to the prevention of ischemia during organ surgery. In recent times the laboratory rat has become one of the most popular models for experiments in medical research. Corrosion casts were prepared on the cranial arteries of the body of 20 adult Wistar rats using Duracryl Dental® and PUR SP as the casting medium. We found the absence of the brachiocephalic trunk in some cases. Thyroid arteries originated independently or by the short common trunk from the right and left common carotid artery. The facial artery originated by the short trunk with the maxillary artery, or by the linguofacial trunk with the lingual artery from the common carotid artery. The results of this study revealed that, the functional anatomical relationship between the rat neck and head structures are important for the development of medical research of concern to human and veterinary experimental medicine.
Behavioural Patterns and Growth Performance of Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke: Effects of Curcumin and Hesperidin
Authors: Adeleye O. O. , Dosumu O. A. , Akintunde J. K. , Ugwor E. I. , Abatan M. O. , James A. S. , Oyeniran A. O. , Ajetunmobi A. A. , Ilori O. T. , Eromosele C. O.
Published: October 2022

This study evaluated the behavioural responses of male Wistar rats to normal air or cigarette smoke (CS) and compared the effects of curcumin and hesperidin on growth performance. In experiment 1, male rats were randomised into two groups (n = 10): control and CS-exposed groups. During exposure (four weeks), the dietary and behavioural patterns were monitored. In experiment 2, forty-eight rats were distributed across eight groups (n = 6): normal control, CS control, CS + curcumin (10 mg.kg−1), CS + curcumin (20 mg.kg−1), CS + hesperidin (10 mg.kg−1), CS + hesperidin (20 mg.kg−1), curcumin (20 mg.kg−1), and hesperidin (20 mg.kg−1) for 6 weeks. Growth performance (feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio FCR) were assessed. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the body weight of the CS-exposed group compared to the normal control, whereas feed intake was significantly (P > 0.05) lower in the CS-group. The time to access feed and water was higher in the CS-group, while other behavioural responses (locomotion, stand upright, climbing, stand and stare, sniffing, sitting, and digging) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared with normal control, especially after two weeks. In the second experiment, weight gain, feed in-take, and FCR were significantly lower in the CS-exposed group compared to the control group, whereas treatment with curcumin and hesperidin, especially at the higher dose (20 mg.kg−1 b. wt.), significantly improved the growth performance of the CS-exposed groups. This study submits that CS exposure negatively impacts on the growth performance and behavioural patterns and demonstrates the potentials of curcumin and hesperidin in addressing these CS-provoked changes.
Efficacy of Disinfectants Usage at Daily Live Bird Markets in Four North-Western States of Nigeria
Authors: Hassan A. S. , Maikai B. V. , Kabir J. , Aliyu M. B.
Published: October 2022

Maintaining strict biosecurity measures are essential in preventing disease spread from live bird markets (LBMs), which serve as a major intermingling area for poultry from different sources. This study evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants used in daily live bird markets of four north-western states in Nigeria. Seven different disinfectants were identified as commonly used in the LBMs. They were analysed by suspension and surface disinfection tests against standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolates from swab samples of birds’ cages in the LBMs were initially subjected to biochemical tests and, subsequently, susceptibility tests against commercial disinfectants. All of the 7 (100 %) disinfectants used in the LBMs killed/inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus with the suspension test, while following the surface disinfection test, all 7 (100 %) killed/inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. Enteritidis but only 4 (57 %) killed/inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Seven (0.02 %) samples out of the 400 swabs were positive for E. coli comprising 1 (14 %), 2 (29 %), and 4 (57 %) from LBMs in Katsina, Kaduna, and Kano, respectively. There were varying growths of E. coli at different concentrations and exposure times. Six (17 %) of the LBMs sampled had and used disinfectants. E. coli was isolated from 1 (17 %) out of the 6 LBMs that had and used disinfectants and 5 (17 %) out of the 29 LBMs that did not have or use disinfect-ants. The standard organisms were most susceptible to orthobenzyl chlorophenol-based disinfectants and least susceptible to chlorophenol-based disinfectants. This study has shown the importance of the use of disinfect-ants in LBMs. There should be enforcement of disinfectants usage in LBMs for public safety.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Trypanosomes Infecting Traditionally Managed Cattle in the Tropic Warm Sub-Humid Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Kamani J. , Yakubu R. A. , Nnabuife H. E. , Msheliza E. G. , Bwala F. H. , Weka P. R.
Published: October 2022

Traditionally managed cattle constitutes the main source of animal protein to humans in Nigeria. However, seasonal migration in search of pasture exposes them to several vector-borne infections such as the African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT), which limits their productivity. In this study, blood samples from 130 cattle in Plateau and Nasarawa states collected from May to June, 2021 were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods to determine the prevalence of pathogenic trypanosomes. Overall, the DNA of T. vivax was detected in 19 out of the 130 (14.6 %) samples examined by the PCR. However, using the micro-hematocrit centrifugation technique, motile haemoparasites were detected in only six (4.6 %, confidence interval [CI] 0.5—6.9 %) of the samples. The higher prevalence of T. vivax was recorded in samples sourced from the abattoir than in samples submitted from the field in Plateau state (16.7 % versus 11.5 %). However, the reverse was the case in Nasarawa state (2.9 % versus 37.5 %). The difference in prevalence of T. vivax between the abattoir and field samples was significant (P = 0.009) in Nasarawa state, but not in Plateau state (P = 0.55). The mean PCV (Packed Cell Volume) of the trypanosome infected animals was lower than that of the non-infected animals, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.29). The internal transcribe spacer region (ITS) nucleotide sequences of T. vivax generated in this study were 100 % identical to each other and formed a monophyletic cluster with the sequences of T. vivax from different countries in the GenBank. AAT remains a major constraint to profitable cattle production and food security in Nigeria and deserves more attention.
Hereditary Eye Diseases in German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Zubrický P. , Trbolová A.
Published: October 2022

Hereditary eye diseases occur to varying degrees in all dog breeds. Individual purebred breeds have specific predispositions to various eye disorders. The German Shepherd is diagnosed mainly with chronic superficial keratitis/pannus, but also with: distichiasis, plasmoma/atypical pannus, corneal dystrophy, persistent pupillary membranes, cataract, cone degeneration, retinal dysplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia/micropapilla, and limbal melanoma. Individual ocular abnormalities are manifested by characteristic clinical manifestations and ophthalmological findings. Some eye diseases can lead to blindness, others affect the comfort of life or work use of the dog to varying degrees. A thorough knowledge of individual ocular pathologies in a particular breed leads not only to the identification of the diagnosis but also to the correct assessment of the dog’s breeding usability.
Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs – The Relationship Between Recovery and Timing of Surgery
Authors: Hermansen J. , Kuricová M. , Lipták T.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between functional recovery and timing of surgery in dogs diagnosed with intervertebral disc disease treated surgically. Intervertebral disc disease is the most common spinal disease in dogs; it plays a significant role in the scientific field by its high prevalence. There is also an existing hypothesis that the faster the surgery is performed, the better the outcome will be. The data were collected during two years at one institution. The patients were neurologically assessed using the modified Frankel score when they were first diagnosed with intervertebral disc disease at the clinic and later after the surgery and during the following weeks. A total of 36 dogs were included in this study, represented by 13 different dog breeds and crossbreeds. In total 17 were females and 19 males. The mean age of the patients was 6.9 ± 2.97 years (range 2—15 years) and the mean body condition score was 3.5 within a scale of 1—5. Out of the 36 evaluated dogs, surgery was performed on 25 of them. The mean time of duration of clinical signs before surgery was 9 ± 13 days. The main limitation of this study was the small group of investigated dogs. Although the study was based on a small number of participants, the findings suggested that the timing of the surgery and recovery had a positive Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.39; implying that the timing of the surgery may have affected the recovery.
Cytogenetic Analysis of a Mare and Her Foal with Suspected Genetic Causes of Disability
Authors: Kulíková N. , Holečková B. , Kakalejčíková S. , Bučan J. , Korim F.
Published: October 2022

Hereditary diseases represent a serious problem in horses, especially in terms of sport use and breeding. Nowadays, we know the genetic basis of several breed-specific inherited diseases. In this study, we focused on the cytogenetic analysis of the clinical case of a healthy mare and her foal with numerous malformations in order to confirm or disprove the suspicion of genetic causes of a disability in this offspring. We used conventional metaphase staining to analyse chromosomal aberrations – breaks and gaps. In general, the number of breaks exceeding the norm (2—3 breaks/100 meta-phases) may indicate the influence of the external environment with a potential teratogenic effect on the offspring during its mother gravidity. Compared to the norm, we found a slightly increased percentage of chromosomal aberrations in both the mother and the foal. As another method, we used karyotyping to assess the number and morphology of chromosomes, where in addition to conventional staining, we also applied differential staining of metaphases (G-banding). Multiplication, loss or rearrangement of chromosome segments are almost always associated with pathology. In the karyotypes we constructed, we observed changes in both individuals, compared to the international standard; in the mare, we probably recorded the mosaic form of her karyotype. In the foal, we found 64, XX with a suspected morphological change which was probably related to autosomal chromosome pair 31. The cytogenetic analysis of suspected individuals is also very beneficial for horse owners and breeders. Thanks to the combination of cytogenetic and modern molecular-genetic methods, we were able to identify individuals unsuitable for breeding.
Effect of Xylene Oral Exposure on the Mouse Uterus – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Štefancová D. , Lecová M. , Andrejčáková Z. , Sopková D. , Sirotkin A. V. , Vlčková R.
Published: October 2022

Xylene is one of the environmental pollutants with a negative impact mainly on several organ systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of xylene on the uterus of mice. The study was performed on 12 adult female mice. Control mice (n = 6) were fed shredded pellets at a dose of 4 g per day. Xylene mice (n = 6) were fed the same diet at the same dose and orally administered xylene at 10 μl per day for 14 days. The mice were synchronized using the Whit-ten effect and introduced to males before the end of the procedure. Mice of both groups with no copulation plug were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The uteri were collected for routine histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The endometrial epithelium demonstrated vacuolar degeneration, mitotic cell activity, and the presence of leukocytes typical of metoestrus. Reductions of the endometrium, stroma, and myometrium were observed in the xylene mice. The xylene application did not have a significant effect on the superficial epithelium, or the size and number of uterine tubular glands. The immunohistochemical analysis of a proliferation marker PCNA revealed that the xylene increased its expression in the stroma, endometrial and myometrial cells, but did not significantly affect the superficial epithelial cells. The expression of an anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-xl in the xylene mice was stronger in the superficial epithelial, stromal, and endometrial cells. The Bcl-xl expression in the myometrial cells was similar to the controls. The results showed that the application of xylene stimulated the proliferation and exerted an anti-apoptotic effect on the uterine cells. However, the increased proliferation can lead to the malignant transformation of cells, resulting in their uncontrollable division.
Are the Variations of the Vascular System in Neurology Underestimated ?
Authors: Korim F. , Kuricová M.
Published: October 2022

The spinal cord issues affect dogs and cats very commonly. The right diagnostics, therapy, and patient’s managements are challenging for almost all veterinarians. There exist many vascular anomalies such as: the vertebral arteries ectasia, hypoplasia and subclavian steal syndrome. These anomalies affect the patient’s neurological status directly. The modern diagnostic approaches (Computed Tomography [CT], and Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]) help with the diagnosis of the vascular abnormalities of the spinal cord and various other vascular anomalies. The cervical part of the spinal cord is supplied with the spinal branches from the vertebral arteries. The vertebral arteries as the first branches arise separately from the subclavian artery and they exit the thoracic aperture and enter into the transverse foramen of the sixth cervical vertebra. The arterial system of dogs was studied in 14 dogs (carcasses), the average age of which was 7 years. The carcasses were divided into two groups: 11 dogs were studied by the corrosion casting method (Duracryl Plus) and 3 dogs were studied by contrast radiography (Urografin 76 %). We confirmed the standard origin and course of the left vertebral for all but one case. The right vertebral artery originated as an independent branch in 57.14 % of the cases; in the rest of them, we reported on the variability in origin and formation of inconstant branches. The formation of anastomoses was reported also. Our work contributed new information about the thoracic and cervical arterial system in dogs.
Mucormycosis, a post-COVID infection: possible adjunctive herbal therapeutics for the realigning of impaired immune-metabolism in diabetic subjects
Authors: Panchamoorthy Rajasekar , Prabhakar Prathinisha
Published: October 2022

Cytokine storm is believed as a major root cause for multi-organ failure and death in severely infected diabetic patients with COVID-19. This condition is treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly steroids, to recover people from critical conditions. However, steroid therapy causes immune suppression and uncontrolled hyper-glycaemia in post-COVID. This altered immune-metabolism provides a fertile environment for the infection of a black fungus, Rhizopus arrhizus which causes mucormycosis in diabetic patients. It is a life-threatening infection causing death in different countries. It is treated either with anti-fungal drugs, surgical debridement, or adjunctive therapies. The available therapies for mucormycosis have been associated with several drawbacks. Thus, the present review has explored and suggested herbs-spices based adjunctive therapy for possible realignment of the impaired immune system in the post-COVID diabetic subjects. The consumption of herbal therapeutics after COVID-19 could realign the impaired immune-metabolism in the post-COVID and thereby exert prophylactic effects against mucormycosis. Furthermore, the suggested herbal sources could help in the discovery of novel therapeutics against the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical qualitative analysis of Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey.
Authors: Singh Mahabir , Rajput Minakshi , Yadav Kuldeep , Singh Narender
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey of the Ephedraceae family is an evergreen shrub distributed throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia. It has been a characteristic source of alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and other related mixes, which are of great importance for their biological and pharmacological potential.

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical constituents studies on stem, leaves and flowers extracts of E. foliata.

Method: The air-dried plant sample was powdered with an electric grinder, then extracted successively with solvents, namely petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The solid matter was separated by filtration and then solvents were evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain the crude extracts. Freshly prepared crude extracts were subjected to the standard procedures of preliminary phytochemical screening for the investigation of the presence or absence of different phytoconstituents. The result showed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was determined by agar well diffusion method.

Results: Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus pneumonia, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium herbarum and Candida tropicalis). All five extracts inhibited the growth of Y. enterocolitica.

Conclusion: The antimicrobial properties of E. foliata extracts are of great interest in light of the ongoing threat of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Phytoconstituents present in the E. foliata extracts might be a good alternative to modern antimicrobials as a natural compound.
Valorisation of morphological and agricultural traits of 21 varieties of flaxLinum usitatissimumL.
Authors: Silska Grażyna
Published: October 2022

Introduction:Valorisation of the genetic resources of crop plants is related to the protection of biodiversity.

Objective:The morphological and agricultural valorisation of 21 genotypes of flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) was carried out. Ten accessions of fibre flax were investigated: Fortuna, Izolda, Lazur, Swadzimski, Zwisły, Ariadna, Bryta, Waza, Milenium, Golęciński from Poland; Jordan, Tabor from Czech Republic; Argos, Venus from France; Baltuciai, Vega 2 from Lithuania: Irma, Persey from Ukraine; Rusicz from Russia and Alba from The Netherlands. The evaluation was also made for one linseed varieties from France, Drakkar.

Methods:The studied genotypes of flax were the research material in two locations: in 2010 in Pętkowo and in 2011 in Wojciechów. The valorisation of the tested morphological and agricultural traits was carried out traditionally. Some of the valorised morphological features were also presented in the form of data for the International Flax Database.

Results:Venus, Argos, Tabor and Jordan are varieties with a high fibre content in the stem. The highest fibre yield was found in Vega 2 in Pętkowo and Milenium in Wojciechów, and the lowest in Lazur in Pętkowo and Drakkar in Wojciechów. In both locations and years, the following cultivars were characterized by the highest seed yields: Lazur, Jordan, Argos, Vega 2, Golęciński and Persey. Cultivars Milenium in Pętkowo and Bryta in Wojciechów were the least valuable in terms of seed yield.

Conclusions:Morphological and agricultural valorisation differed in both locations and years. The conducted experiment confirms the literature data that the valorisation results of flax accessions depend on agrometeorological conditions.
Use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, obesity and cancer
Authors: Przerwa Filip , Kukowka Arnold , Niezgoda Joanna , Kotrych Katarzyna , Uzar Izabela
Published: October 2022

Fatty acids are important structural and functional elements of human body. We can distinguish several types: among others polyunsaturated fatty acids, which include omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) and omega-6 fatty acids(ω-6PUFA). The first group has pleiotropic health-promoting effects, while the second group, ω-6PUFA, negatively affects the homeostasis of the human body and contributes to the development of numerous diseases. Both the amount and the relative ratio of these acids in the diet is an important factor affecting health and quality of life.

Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that ω-3PUFA have a positive effect on the therapy of illnesses such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ω-3 PUFA supplementation also appears to have a helpful effect in the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer and recovery.
Response of Monarda citriodora L. plant to foliar spraying with extracts of moringa leaves and peels of the pomegranate
Authors: Wahba Hend El-Sayed , Hendawy Saber Fayez , Ebrahem Ahmed El-Gohary , Hussein Mohamed Salah
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Monarda citriodora L. plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is a medicinal and aromatic plant, an annual herb, one of important sources of thymol compound. This plant has various purposes such as medicinal properties, food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals industry, a  powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Objective: There is an ongoing need to find safe, natural sources of plant nutrients. Moringa leaves and pomegranate peels extracts are being used as a secure source of natural nutrients, and natural growth regulators on the growth and productivity of plants. Applying these bio stimulants helps avoid the excessive use of industrial materials in agriculture. So, this experiment was carried out to determine the effect of both moringa leaves extract, and pomegranate peels extract as a bio regulator on the productivity of M. citriodora plant.

Methods: This experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at the Experimental Station of Adlya Farm, Sekem Company, ElSharkia Governorate, Egypt, to study the influence of some natural extracts of moringa leaves and pomegranate peels on growth, yield as well as some chemical constituents of the dry herbs, such as total carbohydrate, total flavonoids compounds, total phenolic content, NPK content and essential oil contents and its components and determination of free radical scavenging activity of M. citriodora L. plant.

Results: Both extracts of moringa leaves and pomegranate peels positively affected growth, yield, and chemical constituents compared to untreated plants. Moringa leaves extract had more effect compared with pomegranate peels extract. The main essential oil constituents were thymol, p-cymene, and carvacrol compounds.

Conclusion: The application of bio-stimulants of moringa leaves extract (MLE) and pomegranate peels extract (PPE) positively affect the growth and production of M. citriodora plant.
Comparative cytological studies of naturally grown plants and in vitro grown plants of Gynura procumbens – an important medicinal plant species
Authors: Majumder Sweety , Biswas Animesh , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Gynura procumbens is an important medicinal plant that contains different types of chemical constituents that show tremendous curative effects.

Objective: The aim of this research work was comparative karyomorphological analysis between in vitro and in vivo grown selected medicinal plant species.

Methods: The roots were collected properly from naturally grown plants and in vitro propagated plants and pretreated with 1,4-para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) for 2.00 – 3.00 hours at room temperature. After pretreating with PDB the roots were washed thoroughly and kept in 1:3 (v/v) aceto-alcohol for 24 hours and then, transferred to 70% alcohol (v/v) for preservation. After that completing staining process, prepared slides were observed under microscope for karyotype analysis & ideogram preparation.

Results: This research work reveled that both mother plant and tissue culture raised plants had 2n=20 chromosomes in somatic cell. No telocentric or acrocentric chromosome observed in the basic set of chromosomes. Both plants had 3 submetacentric and 7 metacentric chromosomes in the basic set of chromosomes. The centromeric formula for both plants was 3sm + 7m. The length of individual chromosome of in vivo plants ranged from 6.20 to 11.24 µm, whereas chromosome length of in vitro grown plants ranged from 6.08 to 11.22 µm. The total form percent (TF%) of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same (43.93%). Mother plant had 2A type of karyotype, the formula being 2Lsm + 4Msm + 4Mm + 10Sm. In vitro grown plant had also 2A type of karyotype which could be expressed by the formula, 2Lsm + 4Msm + 2Mm + 12Sm.

Conclusion: The results of cytological studies point out that chromosome numbers of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same. There were very little karyotypic variations observed in case of both micropropagated and mother plants.
FTIR-ATR based fingerprinting and chemometrics analysis of metabolites profile of Phyllanthus niruri L. affected by fertilization with NPK-chitosan nanopolymer and harvesting age
Authors: Shiyan Shaum , Lt Jessica Nathasia , Safitri Indah Nur , Wahyudatama Tri , Ramadhan  , Qurniasi Eva
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Phyllanthus niruri L. (PnL) is a herbaceous plant containing flavonoid quercetin and can be used as an immunomodulator to prevent Covid-19. However, the flavonoid content and yield of herbs extract were not maximized. Therefore, PnL herbs were planted in various harvest periods and application of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer to estimate these parameters.

Objectives: Determine the effect of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer and harvesting age on herb extracts also determine the grouping pattern and correlation between responses based on FTIR-ATR spectral pattern using a chemometric approach.

Methods: Each group consisted of 50 plants. The formulation of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer based on the dose of NPK consisting of the first dose is 15.5 grams/group, the second dose is 31 grams/group, and the third dose is 7.5 grams/group. Grouping of differences in harvesting age for plants consisted of 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the plant (WAP). Extraction used ultrasound-assisted extraction, and data were analyzed using a chemometric approach.

Results: Extract with the highest yield was found in second harvest time and third doses of fertilizer (W2D3) which is 9.73 %, and the highest TFC obtained in an extract with second harvest time and first doses of fertilizer (W2D1) is 17.34 mg QE/g. Total flavonoid content and extract yield were influenced by functional groups at wavenumbers 3486.77–3157.12 cm−1 (1); 1740.96–1670.34 cm-1 (3); 1425.02–1272.62 cm-1 (5); 1257,753–1138,81 cm−1 (6); 1131.38–945.53 cm-1 (7); 711.36–529.23 cm-1 (8).

Conclusions: The results showed that harvest time and fertilizer dose affected the growth parameters of PnL, total flavonoid content, and yield of extract. Functional groups in IR spectra also have positive and negative correlations with total flavonoid and yield extract responses.
Identification of causal agent of wilt of common sage (Salvia officinalis L.)
Authors: Wilkos Anna , Mirzwa-Mróz Ewa , Abramczyk Izabela , Jabłońska Emilia , Wit Marcin , Wakuliński Wojciech , Paduch-Cichal Elżbieta
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Common sage is cultivated in Europe and North America. It has strong antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. This plant can be infected by different pathogenic fungi species, such as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum), Phomopsis sclarea and Botrytis cinerea. Those species are the most frequently isolated fungi from sage stem base.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of common sage wilt disease.

Methods: Studies were carried out in 2018–2020. 23 fungal isolates were identified based on their morphology and with use of PCR technique. Length and width of 100 conidia growing on SNA medium were measured after 7 days. Koch’s postulates were checked and the development of one fungus isolate (no. 13) was compared on seven media: the CMA, MEA, OA, PCA, SNA, PDA and Czapek medium. Sequences of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were used to identify the pathogen.

Results: The fungus formed 3 kinds of spores: thin-walled, hyaline, slightly folded at the base, mostly 4-cell macroconidia, oblong, hyaline one- or two-cell microconidia and oval thick-walled chlamydospores. The Koch’s postulates were fulfilled. The fungus formed the most abundant aerial mycelium on the Czapek medium, and the least on the CMA medium. On the SNA medium, the mycelium grew into the medium and the aerial mycelium was not formed. The obtained RPB2 nucleotide sequence was 100% similar to the Fusarium oxysporum sequence deposited in GenBank (NCBI).

Conclusions: The results of this research can be used in further studies on the biological diversity of this species.
Antioxidant potential of various extracts from 5 common European mosses and its correlation with phenolic compounds
Authors: Smolińska-Kondla Dorota , Zych Maria , Ramos Paweł , Wacławek Stanisław , Stebel Adam
Published: October 2022

Introduction:This paper presents the results of research about the antioxidant properties of extracts from 5 moss species, namelyBrachythecium rutabulum,Callicladium haldanianum,Hypnum cupressiforme,Orthodicranum montanumandPolytrichastrum formosum. The macerates of each above mentioned species in water and ethanol (50% and 96%) solutions were analysed.

Objective:Total phenolic acids, total flavonoids and total flavonols concentrations and content of carotenoids was determined. Also some phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC.

Methods:The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) formation inhibition were studied.

Results:The obtained results showed that the extracts prepared with 50% ethanol had the strongest radical scavenging activities. Every 50% ethanol extract also inhibited formation of AOPP. 96% ethanol extracts had the lowest free radical scavenging activities, althoughB. rutabulumextract strongly inhibited protein oxidation. Pearson’s correlation showed that the radical scavenging effects of water extracts and extracts prepared with 50% ethanol are dependent on the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids.

Conclusion:The results suggest the moss extracts as materials for potential use in pharmacy or cosmetology.
Analysis of the Concept of Disinformation from Peirce’s Semiotics
Authors: Ripoll Leonardo , Ohlson Márcia , Romanini Vinicius
Published: October 2022

Adopting the perspective of Peircean semiotics, the work proposes to analyze the concept of disin-formation based on the phenomenon of fake news and the “post-truth” neologism associated with it. We review some contemporary informational theories, which start from the relationship between communication, computing, society and technologies, to demonstrate the need to broaden the strictly analytical view of the concept of information, albeit grounded in cybernetics, to include the reflection of semiotics and pragmatism of Peirce. We will briefly present the foundations of semiotics, mainly in its relation to the concepts of beliefs and truth that form the framework of pragmatism. We propose, in particular, three complementary dimensions of the term disinformation based on some semiotic precepts that, in our view, allow a better understanding of its manifestation in the communicative processes present in social media.
“Dualismo digital” no ativismo contemporâneo: uma abordagem discursiva da #elenão
Authors: Costa Julia Lourenço
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this paper is to analyze, from a linguistic perspective and more specifically from discourse theories, the contemporary political claims that take place in the intense traffic between the internet and the urban space. The hashtag #elenão was selected as the place of observation, collection and analysis of the corpus, both for its relevance in the Brazilian context and for its functioning, which provides an understanding of the various manifestations of the corpus established between the utterance and the enunciation. We understand that the tension caused between online and offline, addressed by the language sciences based on the concept of “digital dualism”, can promote relevant theoretical and methodological, as well as political and social discussions.
The Continuum of Life on Facebook’s Virtual Memorials
Authors: Almeida Cândida
Published: October 2022

This article examines the semiotic implications of social media interactive processes established when Facebook profiles are memorialized following the user’s death. It also observes the communication processes that occur through the deceased’s contacts interactions with the virtual memorial page. It points to Facebook’s symbolic and systemic organization structure role in creating a specific comprehension of online and offline identities in the social media environment. The theoretical framework focuses on C. S. Peirce’s signs and semiosis studies to help understand the communication’s phenomenology revealed in this context as well as the process of continuity of the physical life through its symbolic representations on digital networks.
There is a group of political tweeters that nobody is studying: the detached
Authors: González-List Verónica
Published: October 2022

Through a review of the literature, the present article outlines the interaction forms that happen on Twitter when the participation is political, intending to show that the conversations made by the most significant collective on Twitter which is formed by ordinary users that post tweets 24/7 any given day with the sole intention to make public its political views, are invisible for the social studies. The actual political conversations attended by the social studies are related to parties, civic organizations, street manifestation, social activism, or some political manifestation that requires organization. The subject is important because these ordinary users with no agendas related to the formal or informal forms of political conversations known by the social studies form the biggest sector in the political social network par excellence, and no one is studying them. We propose the adjective ‘detached’ users to refer to these Twitter users.
Queering Bolsonaro’s mediatic discourse: Strengthening Brazilian LGBTQIA+ communities through language education
Authors: de Mello Ferraz Daniel , Miquelon Lucas Cardoso
Published: October 2022

Contemporary societies, especially some Western countries, have faced the return of neoconservatism, along with a desire for homogeneity, consensus, standardization, polarizations, and universalism in several social relations. With the election of alt-right, authoritarian, misogynist, and homophobe Jair Bolsonaro in 2018, many Brazilian citizens have faced a herculean challenge in relation to the maintenance of democracy and the provision of citizenship and critical education. The purpose of this paper is to problematize some media discourse produced by Bolsonaro and to investigate how such discourse has influenced the lives and education of our research participants (pre-service teachers). The first section investigates discourses and regimes of truth by explaining how discourses and ideologies influence our students’ lives and their future career. Section two points to the urgency of problematizing homophobic discourses, and section three queers Bolsonaro as an act of resistance.
Towards a systemic functional approach to context collapse
Authors: Farhat Theodoro C.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an initial systemic functional interpretation of the nuclear features of the phenomenon known as “context collapse”, which occurs when multiple online audiences (such as family, friends and coworkers) are “flattened” into a single group of potential recipients. After introducing the fundamental systemic functional dimensions of stratification and instantiation, we briefly present Hasan’s systemic description of the contextual parameter of Tenor, which deals with the potential relations and roles enacted by the participants of an interaction. We propose that such a contextual system enables us to describe with theoretical precision the nuclear features of context collapse: besides one-way digital contact in Mode, the selection of [addressee: absent: category] in the system of TEXTUAL ROLES and a generalized vagueness in the system of SOCIAL ROLES. Finally, we outline two major strategies employed to circumvent it: enactment--based and activation-based.
Semiotic Boundary Spaces: An Exercise in Decolonial Aesthesis
Authors: Machado Irene
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of this essay is the analysis of the discourses expressed between Jaider Esbell’s Brazilian artistic sculptures and the monuments of the urban space. Based on J. Lotman’s notion of semiotic boundary space of culture, the analysis focuses on the controversial discursive relationships, such as intelligibility and unintelligibility; translation and untranslatability, and so on, observed from the historical tensioning of cultural languages. This analytical path leads us to intercultural relationships in which artistic languages in semiotic boundary spaces manifest the Aesthesis condition that has given the theoretical foundations for the Decolonial studies and the arising of a new episteme in the understanding of intercultural relationships. Thus, the semiotic concept of boundary space allows us to analyse various discursive relationships in historical-political contexts in the contemporary debate.
Craving for Polymorphous Perverse Relationships
Authors: Kogan Ilany
Published: October 2022

This essay explores the craving for polymorphous perverse relationships of a son of a Holocaust survivor mother. The material presents the interplay of two levels which shaped the patient’s character structure and object-relating: the active behavior of the mother to her developing child and the mother’s internal struggles, which the son could not help but sense and accommodate. This theme is illustrated by means of a detailed description of the first phases of a case study, in which the patient realized that he enacted his own pathological relationship with his mother, as well as his mother’s traumatic Holocaust past through his polymorphous perverse relationships. This enactment, which was also expressed in the transference, was achieved by means of a compulsive, repetitive technique of intimacy, which served to hide a weak, unintegrated self, and which decreased his sexual and affective needs.
Psychic Retreat and the Dynamics of Groups and Organisations
Authors: Rosenbaum Bent
Published: October 2022

The notion of ‘retreat’ is often connected to war and other confrontational situations. As a verb, it may signify the dynamic aspect of ‘moving’; as a noun, a static aspect prevails: a place to hide, isolate and defend oneself, but also a possibility for bringing something new to life. Psychic retreat implies dynamic relations, not only intrapsychically and in terms of subject-other, but also in dominance-submission relations between subject and group. Some implications of the concept of psychic retreat will be drawn when we turn our eyes to our psychoanalytic institutions and cultures and their impact on the desire of an individual to become a psychoanalyst.
The Fragility of the Space-Time Unit in an Institutional Context
Authors: Cuc Bogdan Sebastian
Published: October 2022

The space-time unit, as the basis of institutional construction, a place and a time in which anxieties, conflicts, the thanatic impulses or the drives of the Eros can be updated, conceived, integrated, is in a relationship of dependence with the context, a context in which it grants its functionality. This conditioning highlights the fragility of the space-time unit, under the pressure of multiple affiliations, of the polysemantism of representations, of uncertainty. Starting from an institutional perspective on the analytical setting, built as a unit of space-time, I propose a foray into the dream universe under particular existential pressures, together with Charlotte Beradt and her impressive testimony from the book “The Third Reich of Dreams” (Das Dritte Reich des Traums), in which she managed to collect 300 dreams of ordinary people who lived during Hitler’s regime.
The Institutional Space: Belonging and Transmission
Authors: Luca Daniela
Published: October 2022

Psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic institution are inseparable from analytical training and practice. However, the two terms are not equivalent. Psychoanalysis refers firstly – or should refer – to the work of the analyst, in their office – their own – space, with their analysts. However, the analyst belongs to another space: a professional group, a community, respectively an association or a society – an institution. The psychoanalytic institution, in turn, guarantees the transmission of the rules of the profession of the analyst. Psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic institution are linked to the professional activity and ethical principles of its members. The founding power of psychoanalysts, that is, the power to set up an institution and make it evolve, is based on the professional activity and the commonly created and respected deontological matrix. The vitality and sustainability of this activity depends mainly on the quality of the shared common psychoanalytic space, on the processes of psychoanalysis containment, transformation, and transmission by each analyst and by the whole group, at the same time. These are some of the lines of debate that we propose in this paper on psychoanalytic groups and institutions.
The Rapport Between Institution and Humanity
Authors: Lazăr Ioana
Published: October 2022

This article explores the representational power of the myth put forward by Freud in his work „Totem and tabu” as well as its function in establishing the evolution towards language and henceforth humanity, understood as the ability to contain the violence of the primitive drives by binding them. It also examines the parallel between the inner (psychosis) and the outer limits (totalitarianism, burnout) of this process and it questions possible solutions for the institutions in order to maintain their fundamental function – to support humanity.
Individual-Group Dynamics in Contemporary Crises
Authors: Zerfas Codruța
Published: October 2022

The topic of the article aims to address, from the perspective of some theoretical considerations, how the nature of human interactions is metamorphosing, transforming, when interfaced with current realities. We will make a few references starting from the meanings arising from the linguistic semantics of the terms, then going through the semiotics and logic of functioning of the binomial “individual-group”, which vectors the intersubjective specificity of a crowd, then we will go on with “mapping” the psychodynamics of the human cartography, applied to some samples of reality, of those we face today. We begin with the presentation of some conceptual condensations in order to offer to the understanding that we propose afterwards, an interpretative theoretical filter, starting with Freudian landmarks and continuing with some ideas of contemporary psychoanalysis. Our perspective aims at the parameters of the processes of “triangulation”, from the early period until the completion of the Oedipus, as the foundation of the later constellation of relationships, both at the individual and at the group level. We consider the interdependence of the mechanisms of functioning of the two categories, when facing the vicissitudes of internal and/or external reality, respectively, the prevalence of the mechanisms of the schizoparanoid position in the existential crisis dynamics.