bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of elastic heterogeneity and phase evolution in 2D layered perovskites using coherent acoustic phonons
Authors: Wang Junzhong , Zhu Jiaqi , Jiang Yiqi , Li Mengying , Yu Kuai , Wang Guo Ping
Published: October 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic perovskites have shown interesting optical properties due to the natural quantum-well structures. The repetition of soft organic and hard inorganic intercalations also renders 2D perovskites rich phonon dynamics. Here, we investigated the coherent acoustic phonons in (PEA)2PbI4 perovskite films by time-resolved Brillouin spectroscopy. The coherent acoustic phonons were launched indirectly in perovskite films by exciting Au nanoplates which were used as optoacoustic transducers. A longitudinal sound velocity ν = 1937 ± 31 m/s, and an elastic modulus E = 9.84 GPa along the cross-plane direction of perovskites were obtained from analysis of the Brillouin oscillation frequency. Following a bead-spring model, we calculated a spring constant k ≈ 1.709 N m−1 for PEA cations which is comparably small for perovskites. We also demonstrated that coherent acoustic phonons are sensitive to differentiate structural heterogeneity and monitor dynamic phase evolution in perovskite films. Domains of PbI2-rich and PbI2-poor phases were identified. Under light stimulus, PbI2-poor phases were gradually disappearing and PbI2-rich phases became crystallized. The observations of structural and elastic heterogeneity and dynamic phase evolution using coherent acoustic phonons provide a toolbox for submicroscale elastic characterization of perovskites.
All-optical binary computation based on inverse design method
Authors: Qi Huixin , Du Zhuochen , Yang Jiayu , Hu Xiaoyong , Gong Qihuang
Published: October 2021

The development of information technology urgently requires ultrafast, ultra-low energy consumption and ultra-high-capacity data computing abilities. Traditional computing method of electronic chips is limited by the bottleneck of Moore’s Law. All-optical computing of photonic chips provides a promising way to realize such high-performance data computing abilities. Until now, it is still a huge challenge to realize all-optical four arithmetic operations at the same time on a photonic chip. Here, we propose a new encoding scheme for all-optical binary computation, including n-bit addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We theoretically present n-bit calculation and experimentally demonstrate 1 bit calculation. The computation part includes a half binary adder and a shifter, whose feature sizes are only 2 μm × 19.5 μm and 4 μm × 9 μm, respectively. The half binary adder and shifter consist of three low-loss basic devices through inverse design method. The distance between two adjacent basic devices is smaller than 1.5 μm, within wavelength magnitude scale. The response time is the propagation time of the signal light in a single device, within 100 fs. The threshold energy consumption is within 10 fJ/bit. Our results provide a new method to realize ultrafast, ultra-low energy consumption and ultra-high-capacity data processing abilities all-optical n-bit binary computing.
Reception through Polemics: The Internalization of Theological Otherness in Jerome’s Heresiology
Authors: Pålsson Katarina
Published: October 2021

Early Christian heresiology is, like polemics in general, a genre that has commonly been negatively perceived in scholarship. There is an idea of heresiological texts as not only historically unreliable, but also unproductive, in contrast to the creative thinking that can be found in theological treatises. Considering the understanding of heresiology as reactive and exclusive, it is not surprising that heresiological works have seldom been examined in reception studies. The present article wants to challenge the idea of heresiological work as merely rejecting heresies in the defence of a pre-existing orthodoxy, by applying a dialogical reading to the work Adversus Iovinianum by Jerome of Stridon, a treatise in which he defended the superiority of virginity over marriage against Jovinian’s idea of the equality of all the baptized. Building on the understanding of dialogue expressed by Mikhail Bakhtin, as well as his concept of hybridity, the article analyses how Jerome, instead of simply rejecting core elements of Jovinian’s ideas, such as the goodness of marriage and the natural condition of human beings, rather reappropriates them and integrates them into his making of orthodoxy. The result is a hybrid construction in which anti-ascetic arguments are integrated in a rhetoric of asceticism.
Ideas Matter
Authors: McNeill J. R.
Published: October 2021

Excerpts from a Current History essay published two decades ago.
Barriers and enablers of the use of digital technologies for sustainable agricultural development and food security
Authors: Sidibé Amadou , Olabisi Laura Schmitt , Doumbia Hawa , Touré Kadiatou , Niamba Cris Auguste
Published: October 2021

Digitization in agriculture is gaining momentum in developing countries. Digital technology aims to improve linkages along the agriculture value chain, thereby enabling farming communities and systems to recover from stresses and to absorb shocks to which farmers are exposed. However, there is the concern that digital technologies have not benefited the agricultural sector in a sustainable way. Stakeholders along the agriculture value chain need significant amounts of information to which they do not have access. In Mali, smartphones and earth observation data are used to support the development of land tenure information services and to improve agriculture statistics. To multiply business opportunities, the scope of the use of these technologies is being expanded to include agronomic advisory next-gen, franchised farm extension services. This article aims to evaluate these initiatives to further understand the way digitization could contribute to sustainable agricultural development and food security. In addition, it aims to determine how effective these technologies are under different conditions and how they can contribute to better sustainable development outcomes. Most evaluation studies of agriculture technology place emphasis on the economic aspects of productivity, profitability, and technical efficiency of the technology and the implications for users’ livelihoods. This study considers technology as a socio-technical phenomenon to understand the underlying processes that may enable or constrain the takeoff and the sustainability of technology. Furthermore, understanding these processes provides valuable theoretical and methodological insights to stakeholders for necessary adjustments of technology to given biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural, and cognitive conditions.
A plebe à luz de intérpretes contemporâneos Ruda e Kristofory
Authors: Hernandez Hernandez Vivan Eichenberger
Published: October 2021

O presente texto busca reconstruir as interpretações de Frank Ruda e Tomas Kristofory a respeito do conceito de plebe delineado na Filosofia do Direito de Hegel. Ambos os autores propõem interpretações fundamentalmente antípodas cujo contraste contribui decisivamente no esclarecimento do papel da plebe na tessitura do pensamento de Hegel. Após a reconstrução apresenta-se a crítica a ambas e, por fim, esboça-se uma resposta ao mesmo problema.
Typology emerges from simplicity in representations and learning
Authors: Lambert Dakotah Jay , Rawski Jonathan , Heinz Jeffrey
Published: October 2021

We derive well-understood and well-studied subregular classes of formal languages purely from the computational perspective of algorithmic learning problems. We parameterise the learning problem along dimensions of representation and inference strategy. Of special interest are those classes of languages whose learning algorithms are necessarily not prohibitively expensive in space and time, since learners are often exposed to adverse conditions and sparse data. Learned natural language patterns are expected to be most like the patterns in these classes, an expectation supported by previous typological and linguistic research in phonology. A second result is that the learning algorithms presented here are completely agnostic to choice of linguistic representation. In the case of the subregular classes, the results fall out from traditional model-theoretic treatments of words and strings. The same learning algorithms, however, can be applied to model-theoretic treatments of other linguistic representations such as syntactic trees or autosegmental graphs, which opens a useful direction for future research.
Українки в збройних конфліктах: соціокультурний вимір
Authors: Байдак Мар’яна Степанівна
Published: October 2021

На широкому джерельному матеріалі проаналізовано різноманіття ролей, образів, функцій українських жінок у збройних конфліктах, представлено ключові суспільні стереотипи, пов’язані з військовим досвідом жінок. Наголошено на потребі досліджувати воєнний досвід українського жіноцтва, який включає в себе сукупність господарських, соціальних, політичних, культурних і світоглядних обставин, що визначали умови життя жінок, їхнє ставлення до влади/держави, розуміння ними перебігу й сенсу війни, впливали на емоційний стан, змушували шукати відповіді на питання про місце і роль жінок під час війни. В основу дослідження покладено думку про те, що жінки були активними учасницями суспільних перетворень, а їхня діяльність у роки збройних конфліктів визначала можливості для розвитку жіночого питання в майбутньому.
Impact of lead on the amount of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of Triticum durum and T. aestivum, Hordeum vulgare and Avena sativa
Authors: Souahi H.
Published: October 2021

Lead is one of the most dangerous pollutants to both the environment and humans. It causes structural changes in photosynthetic apparatus and reduced biosynthesis of chlorophyll pigments inhibits carbon metabolism. The aim of our study was to determine the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of wheat (Triticum durum and T. aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) at different lead acetate, Pb(CH3COO)2 levels: 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 g/L. The results of this research indicate that these concentrations significantly affected chlorophyll content of H. vulgare and A. sativa as compared to T. durum and T. aestivum. Analysis of variance showed that lead concentration and interaction between cereal species had a significant effect on all chlorophyll characteristics at 0.1% probability and on carotenoids contents at 1% significance. Lead acetate in 0.3 and 0.6 g/L concentrations had a highly significant effect on chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in H. vulgare seedlings, its carotenoid contents increased from 0.002 mg/g FW at 0 g/L to 0.107 mg/g FW at 0.6 g/L, whereas its chlorophyll content decreased under heavy metal stress, corresponding to the concentration of the metal ion. Carotenoids of A. sativa were not affected compared to Chl a and Chl b, while higher concentrations significantly increased chlorophyll contents of the seedlings from 1.384 mg/g FW of total chlorophyll at 0 g/L to 1.883 mg/g FW at 0.6 g/L. The increased amount of carotenoids was indicative of the formation of free radicals in plants under heavy metal stress, while decreased levels of chlorophyll content were an indication of reduction in the growth of the plants leading to decrease in the yield. It is suggested that chlorophyll content can be adopted as a very useful in vivo indicator of heavy metal toxicity.
Soluble curcumin ameliorates motility, adhesiveness and abrogate parthanatos in cadmium-exposed retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Gasso V. Y. , Agca C. A. , Sukharenko E. V.
Published: October 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential transition metal and one of the most toxic environmental pollutants. Industrial, agricultural and urban activities are the main sources of Cd environmental contamination. Multiple deleterious effects of Cd exposure were reported for different cell types and living organisms in a great number of research papers. Cd bioaccumulation hazard is mediated by the relatively long half-life of this metal in an organism. For example, in mammals its half-life lasts for about 10–30 years. Cd exposure affects many tissues. However, some of them, including the central nervous system and sensory organs, are most susceptible to its toxicity. The harmful effects of Cd could be linked to oxidative stress generation and consequently intracellular signalling disruption. Since Cd induces redox imbalance the antioxidants could be a prospective tool to ameliorate Cd cytotoxicity. In present work, we have studied the protective efficacy of soluble curcumin on Cd-caused retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells viability, reactive oxygen species production, adhesive and extracellular matrix proteins expression, cell migration and parthanatos level. Low dose (5 µM) of soluble curcumin ameliorated all aforementioned indices of Cd-induced cytotoxicity. Curcumin has restored the RPE cells motility as well as fibronectin and E-cadherin expression. Therefore, the modulation of RPE adhesiveness could be regarded as a cytoprotective effect of curcumin. Furthermore, Cd-caused poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) suppression and cleaved PARP-1 upregulation were ameliorated by curcumin exposure. Therefore, the protective effect of soluble curcumin could be related, at least partially, to the modulation of PARP activity and inhibition of parthanatos flux. The observed results have demonstrated that low doses of soluble curcumin are a promising tool to protect RPE cells against Cd-caused retinal injury.
Ecology of zoophilic flies in livestock biocenoses of Ukraine
Authors: Paliy A. P. , Mashkey A. N. , Faly L. I. , Kysterna O. S. , Rebenko H. I. , Palii A. P.
Published: October 2021

In modern animal husbandry of Ukraine, there are still some unresolved issues related to the high number of zoophilic flies in the territories of facilities and the spread of animal infectious and parasitic diseases. A detailed study of bioecological peculiarities of the dominant zoophilic fly species contributes to improving the effectiveness of measures to control ectoparasites. 27 zoophilic fly species have been found in animal breeding complexes. The maximum number of parasitic Diptera species was recorded on cattle-keeping premises. The biological properties of Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius, 1781) (size, shape, colour, duration of preimaginal phase development) were studied. Also, we studied the dynamics of the number and daily activity of dominant fly species (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, M. autumnalis De Geer, 1776, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758)). When studying the intraspecies competition, a high-degree survival of M. domestica and M. autumnalis was determined in the conditions of critical nutritional deficiency (0.5 g of nutrient medium per larva) and increased density of individuals (the imago emergence was 38.6% and 34.0%, respectively). In similar maintenance conditions, the emergence of N. cornicina imago was low (14.6%). With a two-fold increase in the insectarium volume and in the amount of nutrient medium (1 g per larva), the imago emergence of M. domestica, M. autumnalis and N. cornicina increased to 64.0%, 39.2%, and 24.0%, respectively. With an even greater increase in the amount of nutrient medium (2 g per larva), the maximum emergence of imagoes of all the studied fly species was observed (M. domestica, M. autumnalis, and N. cornicina: 96.6%, 91.2% and 72.6%, respectively). In the conditions of interspecific competition, M. autumnalis suppressed N. cornicina even in conditions of a sufficient amount of nutrient substrate. In the competition between M. domestica and M. autumnalis, house fly dominated. Increasing the nutrient medium volume narrowed the gap between the competing species.
Selected Bibliography of the Publications of Professor Stanislav J. Kavka
Authors: Černý Miroslav
Published: October 2021

The paper presents a bibliography of the publications of Professor Stanislav Jindřich Kavka (1946 2015), a renowned Czech Anglicist and comparative linguist. The bibliography was compiled on the occasion of what would have been the year of his 75th birthday. It is meant to serve as a modest contribution to the history of English studies in Central Europe.
Compressive behavior of light–gauge steel tubes filled with concrete containing recycled aggregates
Authors: Sulaiman Alaa , Hunaiti Yasser , Abdel-Jaber Mu’tasim , Abdel-Jaber Ma’en
Published: October 2021

The axial capacity of light–gauge steel tube columns filled with concrete including recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) was investigated. A total of 51 specimens, including 6 bare steel tubes, 30 composite columns and 15 concrete-only columns were tested under uniaxial load. Fifteen concrete mixes were considered by replacing the weight of natural coarse aggregates (NA) with RCA and RAP at replacement levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. In addition, RAP and RCA were combined in the same mixes with replacement levels of (1) 20% RAP and 80% RCA; (2) 40% RAP and 60% RCA; (3) 60% RAP and 40% RCA; and (4) 80% RAP and 20% RCA. Experimental results were analyzed by reporting the ultimate capacities and the patterns of failure. Moreover, the predictions of EUROCODE 4 (EC4) and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) codes were checked. ABAQUS software was used to perform a finite element analysis (FEA) of the tested composite specimens. The results showed that using recycled aggregates decreased the carrying capacity of columns. Carrying capacity of light–gauge steel tubes filled with concrete including different combinations of RCA, NA and RAP aggregates can be conservatively predicted by the AISC and EC4 recommendations. Results of FEA showed a good agreement with the experimental results.
DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC LOSSES BASED ON FLOW SIMULATION IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A GAS TURBINE ENGINE
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, Aleksandrov Yuri , The Dat Nguyen ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, Mingazov Bilal ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the study of hydraulic characteristics using the example of the combustion chamber of the aircraft engine PS-90A. A mathematical model of gas dynamics of the combustion chamber based on the equations of one-dimensional stationary flow is considered. In a one-dimensional formulation, the change in parameters along the path of the combustion chamber is analyzed for various modes of engine operation, from idle to takeoff. The boundary conditions for each model were obtained based on the results of thermogasdynamic calculations. All modes of operation of the combustion cham-ber were considered with combustion and without combustion of liquid fuel. The numerical three-dimensional model provided for the calculation of one sector of the combustion chamber containing one flame tube of a tubular-annular type with a concentrical-ly installed two-row swirler. The grid model was selected based on the calculation results from several options according to the condition of grid independence of the selected parameters. The calculation took into account the effects of turbulence, chemical interaction of fuel with air supplied from the engine compressor. For the reliability of the temperature distribution in the area of the flame tube, a calculation was made taking into account the model of radiant heat transfer. The calculation of the combustion of a premixed mixture was carried out in a non-adiabatic formulation using the model of a thin flame front and in the gas-phase approximation. The main features of the flow and changes in pressures and flow rates in the flow path of the combustion cham-ber are described. It has been established that the main losses occur in the diffuser and the frontal arrangement of the combus-tion chamber. A comparison of the results obtained in a one-dimensional formulation with numerical calculations in a three-dimensional formulation was made, which showed their correspondence with each other with the permissible level of deviation.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE OXYGEN LANCE CUTTING PROCESS
Authors:   LLC “Small Innovative Enterprise “Innovation”, Tsvetkov Jurii , Savin Maxim ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Vasilenko Vladimir ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Tsvetkov Gennadii ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Vahrameev Evgenij ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: October 2021

The material cutting is very important and actual industry problem. The oxygen lance cutting is one of the types of most efficiency and cheapest cutting methods. This article has short preview of material cutting methods and has evaluative re-searches of the oxygen lances cutting efficiency. Mathematical model and numerical model is created with two forms: full form with solving of oxygen flow in lance tube and short form with replace lance to surface heat source. Basic theses of the short form and boundary conditions creating with heat transfer theory are showed in the article. The analysis of modeling complexity is represented in the article and the article has numerical solution results of oxygen lance cutting process for steel plate, latten alloy and aluminium oxide plate. The main target of solutions is evaluative processes analysis, numerical model validation and calculation of the approximately prototypes cutting time. The prototype absorbed heat flux and the phase change heat (from sol-id to liquid) is analyzed in these calculations aside from the cutting time. The criterion of quality estimation for calculating results is firing tests for experimental oxygen lances. The article has short comment and the firing tests description with results of the steel tube and steel plate cutting. The cutting time and the cutting velocity was estimated. Additionally the experimental lance usage efficiency (with core rods) was showed for one of the prototypes. This efficiency was compared to the efficiency of tradi-tional oxygen lance.
Association Between Religious Index and Risky Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents
Authors: Tirol – Namoc Janice Aurora B. , Casabal Gloria T.
Published: October 2021

“Adolescence” is a transition period where individuals experience various physiological changes, such as pubertal changes, brain structure changes, and sexual interest. The research intended to ascertain the association between the religious index and risky sexual behaviors among adolescents of the University of Bohol in School Year 2018-2019. The study utilized the descriptive normative survey method. There were 378 respondents included in this study within the age range of 18-21, taking a 95% confidence interval with 4.88 degrees of error. The research study used a tool modified from the national survey on the University of the Philippines Population Institute’s (U.P.P.I.) research on Young Adult Fertility Study (Y.A.F.S.). The researchers ensured the utmost confidentiality of the data. The overall religious index of the respondents is relatively high (3.06). Results revealed that the age and sex of the respondents are directly proportional to premarital sex. Premarital sex also increases with age. In particular, results showed an inverse association between the sex of the respondents and premarital sex, sex of the respondents and unprotected sex, sex of the respondents, and multiple sexual partnerships. It also showed that the overall religiosity index was not significantly correlated with premarital sex, unprotected sex, multiple sex partners. There is a need to establish a concrete connection between religious beliefs and religious practices in coming up with the respondents’ sound decisions on their sexual behaviors. Still, sound decision-making needs to be anchored on firmed-up distillation between religious beliefs and religious practices.
Nucleation of Twinning Dislocation Loop in Pt: A Computational Approach
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Pulagam Sri Sadgun Reddy , Dutta Amlan
Published: October 2021

Twinning plays a critical part in the plastic deformation of the materials and the strengthening mechanisms and is hence considered as one of the most prevalent deformation mechanisms in metals. Because to the high stacking fault energy of the fcc metals like Al, Pd, and Pt, the extended
dislocations are believed to be energetically favored over isolated partials, thereby rendering deformation twinning unfeasible. Nevertheless, some recent experimental researches have confirmed a potential deformation twinning pathway in nanocrystalline platinum. This alternate-shear mechanism
has a much lower energy barrier than the usual layer-by-layer twinning. We utilize computations involving atomistic calculations and continuum modeling in this study to examine the genesis of deformation twins in Pt. Atomistic simulations provides the generalized planer fault energy using
an EAM (embedded-atom-model) potential. Moreover, a potential energy-based method, namely; a nudged-elastic band (chain of states) has been used to compute the activation energy barrier for the nucleation of the twinning dislocation loop in the alternate-shear model. The critical stress needed
for the nucleation of the twinning dislocation loop in platinum is estimated using some of the parameters acquired from atomistic calculations and using them as fitting parameters in the continuum model. The minimum-energy path between the two end states can be identified using this methodology.
Through the unusual alternate-shear approach, the results provide a rudimentary but essential dislocationbased perspective of the occurrence of deformation twins in fcc metals.
Non-destructive assessment of basic parts of the plant grown in hydroponic medium using image processing algorithms
Authors: Kumari Shubhashri , Nirala Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

In the proposed work, laser biospeckle technique has been used for visual inspection as well as quantitative evaluation of basics parts of the plant grown in hydroponic medium for the first time. Co-Occurrence matrix, Inertia Moment, Absolute Value Difference and Parameterized Global
Average Fujii algorithms have been used for biospeckle activity analysis. It is concluded that biospeckle activity obtained using the algorithms can be used for visual inspection as well as quantitative evaluation successfully. In addition, it is also concluded that biospeckle activity has
been found highest in the roots and more in leaf in comparison to stem and seed.
Recommendation of RILEM TC 258-AAA: RILEM AAR-0 outline guide to the use of RILEM methods in the assessment of the alkali-reactivity potential of concrete
Authors: Rønning Terje F. , Wigum Børge Johannes , Lindgård Jan , Nixon Philip , Sims Ian
Published: October 2021

This outline guide, RILEM AAR-0, describes how to use the following test methods in the assessment of the alkali reactivity potential of aggregates and concrete. The test methods included are:

AAR-1.1 Petrographic examination method (2016)

AAR-1.2 Recommended guidance (Atlas) (2016)

AAR-2 Accelerated mortar-bar method (2016)

AAR-3.1 & AAR-3.2 Concrete prism test—38 °C (2016)

AAR-4.1 Concrete prism test—60 °C (2016)

AAR-5 Screening test for carbonate aggregates (2016)

AAR-8 Determination of alkalis releasable by aggregates in concrete (2021)

AAR-10.1 & 10.2 Concrete prism test—38 °C (2021)

AAR-11.1, 11.2 & 11.3 Concrete prisms test—60 °C test method (2021)

AAR-12.1, 12.2 & 12.3 Concrete prisms—60 °C test method with alkali supply (2021)

AAR-13 Application of alkali-wrapping for concrete prism testing (2021)

This recommendation has been prepared by a working group within RILEM TC 258-AAA. The recommendation has been reviewed and approved by all members of the TC.
Forecasting traffic speed using spatio-temporal hybrid dilated graph convolutional network
Authors: Zhang Lei , Guo Quansheng , Li Dong , Pan Jiaxing , Wei Chuyuan , Lin Jianxin
Published: October 2021

Due to the complex routes and the dynamic changing factors in transportation, precise traffic speed prediction is very difficult. Traditional prediction methods only focus on a single monitoring site, without establishing a relationship between different sites, so the precision is poor. The deep learning method can model traffic networks well, but suffers from information loss and the disadvantage of single input data. A multisource spatio-temporal hybrid dilated graph convolutional network (GCN) for forecasting traffic speed is proposed in this paper. A GCN based on hybrid dilated convolution can extract the influence of adjacent information and capture dynamic spatial and non-linear temporal correlations. Considering multisource data will increase the forecasting precision and improve the generalisation ability. Using a real-world data set, the performance of the proposed model was validated against other baselines (a fully connected neural network, convolutional neural network and spatio-temporal GCN). The proposed model was found to be superior to other models as it considers proximity information, which is often overlooked, and multifactorial influence.
Stereotactic‐EEG‐guided radiofrequency multiple hippocampal transection (SEEG‐guided‐RF‐MHT) for the treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a minimally invasive method for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Losarcos Naiara Garcia , Miller Jonathan , Fastenau Philip , Amina Shahram , Bailey Christopher , Deveraux Michael , Vaca Guadalupe Fernandez‐Baca , Eyring Lauren Ghanma , Lacuey Nuria , Park Jun , Rose Michael , Shahid Asim , Thyagaraj Suraj , Zande Jonathan , Lüders Hans
Published: October 2021

Objective. For the treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy on the language‐dominant side in patients at high risk of memory decline, we propose a minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment technique, adopting the principles of multiple hippocampal transections (MHT) using stereo‐electroencephalography‐guided radiofrequency (SEEG‐guided‐RF‐MHT). This new technique allows targeting of the longitudinal fibers in the hippocampus critical for seizure spreading, while sparing the transverse circuits which are considered important for memory processing and avoiding discomfort and longer post‐operatory recovery time associated with craniotomies. We report the efficacy and safety of this procedure in a preliminary observational study of cases.

Methods. Five patients at high risk of memory decline, including three with non‐lesional hippocampi on MRI, had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) necessitating depth electrode implantation. A new strategy of SEEG electrode placement was used to mimic MHT. After confirming hippocampal seizure onset, all the patients had three linear ablations perpendicular to the amigdalohippocampal complex. The procedure was performed at the patient's bedside with the patient awake during the full length of the procedure.

Results. Four out of five patients were seizure‐free (average follow up: 14–18 months). There were no associated complications. Visual inspection of brain MRI of patients at six months following SEEG‐guided RF‐MHT showed significant hippocampal volume preservation. Subjects who received the procedure in the dominant side reported no subjective memory complaints in the follow‐up clinic assessments at six months.

Significance. Our preliminary seizure outcome seems very promising since the majority of our patients (four out of five patients) were seizure‐free. Since no lesions are made outside the amygdalo‐hippocampal complex using this technique and the temporal stem remains intact, more favorable memory and language outcome is expected in patients at high risk of memory decline.
Musicogenic epilepsy in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: a video‐EEG case report
Authors: Morano Alessandra , Orlando Biagio , Fanella Martina , Irelli Emanuele Cerulli , Colonnese Claudio , Quarato Pierpaolo , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Bonaventura Carlo
Published: October 2021

Musicogenic epilepsy (ME), a peculiar form of reflex epilepsy, represents a neurological rarity and yet another demonstration of the extraordinary power of music on the human brain. Despite the heterogeneity of the reported musical triggers, patients' emotional response to music is thought to play a crucial role in provoking seizures. Accordingly, the mesial temporal structures (especially of the non‐dominant hemisphere) appear most involved in seizure generation, although a more complex fronto‐temporal epileptogenic network was documented in some cases. Autoimmune encephalitis has been recently included among the many possible aetiologies of ME based on a few reports of music‐induced seizures in patients with anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies. Here, we describe the case of a 25‐year‐old man, educated in music over a long period of time, who had suffered from drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy following seronegative limbic encephalitis related to non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Along with spontaneous events, the patient also developed musicogenic seizures later in the disease course. After detecting five music‐induced episodes via 24‐hour ambulatory EEG, we performed prolonged video‐EEG monitoring during which the patient presented a right temporal seizure (characterized by déjà‐vu, piloerection and gustatory hallucinations) while listening to a hard rock song through headphones (which he had not previously heard). This observation allowed us to confirm the provoking effect of the music on our patient's seizures, despite the lack of any emotional drive, which suggests that a “cognitive” trigger was more likely in this case. Our report further highlights that autoimmune encephalitis should be investigated as a novel potential cause of musicogenic epilepsy, regardless of autoantibody status.
Evaluation of absences and myoclonic seizures in adults with genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy: a comparison between self‐evaluation and objective evaluation based on home video‐EEG telemetry
Authors: Elmali Ayse Deniz , Begley Kate , Chester Helen , Cooper Jade , Moreira Claudia , Sharma Simeran , Whelan Aoife , Leschziner Guy , Richardson Mark Philip , Stern Wiliam , Koutroumanidis Michalis
Published: October 2021

Objective. People with focal epilepsies are known to under‐document their seizures, but there is no data on self‐documentation in adults with genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy (GGE/IGE). We assessed the accuracy of self‐evaluation of typical absences (TA) or myoclonic seizures (MS) in adults with IGE based on home video‐EEG telemetry (HVET).

Methods. Patients' own estimates were compared to the objective count of definite TA and MS, performed visually. We considered definite TA as generalized spike‐wave discharges (GSWD) that met any of the following criteria: 1) coinciding with clear behavioural arrest on video, 2) followed after a few seconds by positive indication that an absence occurred, or 3) in the absence of video, consistently coinciding with clear motor arrest, as evidenced by interruption of continuous muscle activity. For each patient, we also classified probable TA as GSWDs that were longer than those corresponding to the shortest definite TA on HVET or based on the most recent sleep‐deprived EEG (SDEEG).

Results. From the first 300 consecutive adults who had HVET, 24 had IGE with TA and / or MS; 23 were women. Only one patient had newly diagnosed IGE. Erroneous self‐assessment of TA and MS was noted in 16/24 patients (66.7%). Seizures were overestimated in nine (37.5%) and underestimated in seven (29.2%). Only one patient (4.2%) documented all her TA and MS without false‐positive estimates. Overestimation (but not underestimation) of TA on HVET could be predicted when patients reported daily or multiple weekly TA and a recent SDEEG was either normal or contained only subclinical GSWD (p=0.0095).

Significance. Under‐ and over‐self‐documentation of TA and MS occurred in two thirds of adults with GGE/IGE, with substantial impact on their outpatient management and treatment. Diagnostic HVET is a useful tool for the detection of erroneous self‐evaluation in these patients.
Early‐onset bradykinetic rigid syndrome and reflex seizures in a child with PURA syndrome
Authors: Solazzi Roberta , Fiorini Elena , Parrini Elena , Guerrini Renzo , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Nardocci Nardo , Cantalupo Gaetano
Published: October 2021

PURA syndrome is a distinct form of developmental encephalopathy, characterized by early‐onset hypotonia, severe developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy and respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. We report a child with PURA syndrome, harbouring a previously described mutation, whose phenotype included two peculiar aspects: (1) hypokinetic‐rigid syndrome, which was part of the clinical presentation from an early stage of the disease, and (2) reflex seizures, consisting of a series of spasms. We provide detailed clinical description and video recordings demonstrating both these aspects that are newly described in PURA syndrome. The early clinical features described here may therefore be included in the complex phenotype associated with PURA gene mutations and may help in the early diagnosis of patients. Furthermore, PURA syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early‐onset bradykinetic rigid syndromes.
Composición química y morfología de raíces de cinco especies arbustivas nativas y su influencia en la fijación del suelo
Authors: Fernández-Villarreal Brenda , Zavala-González Rebeca , Cantú-Silva Israel , González-Rodríguez Humberto
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of vegetation is a recurrent practice for fixing soil and will depend on the characteristics of root and the root system.
Question and hypothesis: Root chemical composition is different among species, and it is influenced by root diameter. Morphological classification is different among species.
Studied Species: Broussonetia papyrifera, Decatropis bicolor, Dalea hospes, Caesalpinia mexicana and Zanthoxylum fagara.
Study area and dates: Submontane scrub Chipinque Ecological Park, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo Leon. June to November 2019.
Methods: Roots by species were classified into three diameter categories (I 0.1-2.9 mm; II 3-5.9 mm; III 6-9.9 mm). Prior to chemical analysis, the bark was removed from the roots. The chemical composition was determined by sequential fractionation of the cell wall. Root morphology was classified by comparison with established methodologies.
Results: A decreasing relationship was found in the hemicellulose and cellulose content with the increase in the root diameter, in all the species they were higher in the diametric categories I (0.1-2.9 mm). The highest lignin contents were found in category III (6-9.9 mm). The order of importance in terms of cellulose content for soil protection was: Dalea hospes > Broussonetia papyrifera > Caesalpinia mexicana > Decatropis bicolor > Zanthoxylum fagara.
Conclusions: Based on root chemical composition and root system morphology, a revegetation method is proposed for soil fixation, Dalea hospes and Decatropis bicolor at the top of the slope, Zanthoxylum fagara and Caesalpinia mexicana in the middle and Broussonetia papyrifera at the foot of hillside.
DIE MOONTLIKHEID VAN VERPLIGTE MIV-TOETSING VIR SEKSWERKERS IN SUID-AFRIKA NA DEKRIMINALISERING
Authors: Rinda Botha  , Johann Pienaar
Published: October 2021

At present, the possibility of the decriminalization of the sex trade enjoys serious consideration by the South African Law Commission. With the spread of HIV still a big concern in South Africa, this article investigates the constitutionality of compelling sex workers to undergo HIV-testing, should the sex trade be decriminalized. This is done by examining existing South African case law and legislation in the field of compulsory HIV-testing. The South African position is followed by a comparative study with Nevada (USA) and Victoria (Australia) where sex work has been practised as a legal occupation for several years. Authors are of the opinion that the legislationof both these countries set a good example for South Africa in combating the spread of HIV through the sex industry, once decriminalized.
SPRING WAS REBELLIOUS, BUT IT’S ALL OVER NOW – PUBLIC ART, POLITICS AND THE LAW IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA – PART TWO
Authors: Stephen Allister Peté  , Sarah Pudifin
Published: October 2021

As pointed out in part one of this article, politics, art and the law make uncomfortable bedfellows, and the commissioning of public art by public bodies often gives rise to bitter controversy. Part one traced a recent ongoing public spat in the Durban area concerning a sculpture of three large elephants by the acclaimed international artist, Andries Botha. Using that case as a lens, part one attempted to situate the central issues surrounding the commissioning of public art by public bodies in post-apartheid South Africa within a broad historical, political and constitutional framework. Part two of this article examines certain of the more specific and salient legal issues which the authors believe South African courts dealing with matters of this kind will need to address. The possible legal rights of both the South African public when confronted with undue state interference in matters of public art, as well as those of individual artists involved in such matters, are discussed. In relation to the rights of the South African public, the constitutionality of the commissioning process itself (that is, potential constitutional constraint on the actions of public officials who commission public works of art), as well as the potential right of the general public to the preservation of works of art of “recognized stature”, is discussed. As for the rights ofindividual South African artists, a number of areas of the law – constitutional, contractual and statutory – as possible sources for such rights are examined. In particular, the “moral rights” of South African artists, protected in terms of statute, are analysed and discussed in detail. The authors conclude that the funding and commissioning of public art by public bodies in South Africa should be arms-length, and that artists should be maximally free to determine the content of their creative expression. Furthermore, public art should be as diverse as possible within South Africa’s constitutional democracy, reflective of the beautiful diversity of the country’s people. Direct political interference in matters of public art should be strenuously avoided.
THE PAYMENT FOR AN ORGAN AND THE ADMISSION OF GUILT BY A SOUTH AFRICAN HOSPITAL The State v Netcare Kwa-Zulu Natal (Pty) Ltd – Agreement in terms of section 105A(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, Netcare Kwa-Zulu (Pty) Ltd and the State, Commer
Authors: Magda Slabbert  , Hennie Oosthuizen
Published: October 2021

As the first of its kind in plea bargaining, a South African private hospital group pleaded guilty on charges of trafficking in human organs. The Commercial Crimes Court of the Kwa-Zulu Regional Court (a Specialised Unit of the National Prosecuting Authority of South Africa) made an order in November 2010 in terms of which Netcare Kwa-Zulu (Pty) Ltd (Netcare) entered into a plea and sentence agreement with the state whereby Netcare pleaded guilty to 109 counts related to charges of illegal kidney transplantoperations. Charged with the St Augustine’s Private Hospital in Durban were the parent company Netcare (Pty) Ltd, its Chief Executive Officer, Richard Friedland, and eight others: four transplant doctors, a nephrologist, two transplant administrative co-ordinators, and a translator. The admission of guilt by the group relates to illegal kidney transplants which took place between June 2001 and November 2003 whereby Israeli patients in need of kidney transplants were brought to South Africa for such transplants to be performed at St Augustine’s Private Hospital. The kidneys were bought from Romanian and Brazilian citizens who were willing to sell their organs.
THE MEANING OF “EXPENDITURE” FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 11(A) AND (GA) OF THE INCOME TAX ACT 58 OF 1962 CSARS v Labat Africa Ltd [2011] ZASCA 157
Authors: SP van Zyl
Published: October 2021

It is trite that a taxpayer may deduct, from his/her gross income, any expenditure or losses that were actually incurred, in the year of assessment, in relation to the taxpayer’s trade and in the production of income, provided that the expenditure is not of a capital nature. Section 11(a) does not require that the expenditure must have been incurred in the year of assessment. The courts have, however, interpreted this provision as restricting the deductibility of expenditure to expenses incurred in the year of assessment. It often happens that a taxpayer will engage in a transaction where goods are exchanged for services, or services for other services, or goods for rights. Conversely, barter, or agreements akin thereto, are still a common phenomenon in modern-day business. The question often arises whether or not payment in kind satisfies the requirement of “expenditure” actually incurred to determine the deductibility of the “expense” in terms of the general-deduction formula. The term “expenditure” is not defined in the Act. The Supreme Court of Appeal was recently called on in CSARS v Labat Africa Ltd to interpret the meaning of “expenditure” and to determine whether or not the allotment and issuing of shares in a company in exchange for intellectual property rights, satisfies the “expenditure” requirement in terms of the general deduction formula (or in terms of s 11(gA)), and if so, what value would be attached to such expenditure. This case discussion will also critically discuss the application of the judgment on modern-day barter transactions or where substitutive performance is made to satisfy an obligation.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA AND NIGERIA (PART 2)
Authors: Elijah Adewale Taiwo  , Avinash Govindjee
Published: October 2021

This is the concluding part of the two articles dealing with the implementation of the right to education in South Africa and Nigeria. While the first article examines legislative measures put in place towards implementing the right to education, this follow-up article examines the non-legislative measures, that is, administrative and other measures. The article also identifies some problems such as inadequate planning, poor implementation of policies, inadequate resources and commitments as the prime factors hampering the effective implementation of the right to education in the two countries. It concludes by submitting that solving these problems andmaking the right to an education realizable call for a renewed government commitment and investment of appropriate human and financial resources on education.
ONCE AGAIN IUSTUS ERROR AND SURETYSHIPS Absa Bank Ltd v Trzebiatowsky 2012 (5) SA 134 (ECP)
Authors: C-J Pretorius
Published: October 2021

In Absa Bank Ltd v Trzebiatowsky (2012 (5) SA 134 (ECP)) the court was faced with a defence that has become all too common within the context of suretyship agreements, namely that of iustus error, or rather material and reasonable mistake rendering the contract void. Traditionally the courts have been wary of releasing a signatory of a contractual document from liability in the absence of some form of misrepresentation on the part of the contract assertor, but in Brink v Humphries & Jewell (Pty) Ltd (2005 (2) SA 419 (SCA)) the Supreme Court of Appeal adopted a far more lenient approach, one which opened the door for potential abuse of this defence, especially it seems so where suretyships are involved. The Trzebiatowsky decision is relevant for confirming the more traditional approach as opposed to the one largely ushered in by Brink and for sensibly reflecting the issues relevant to adjudicating these cases.