bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract Su701: The Influence of Public Assistance Among Patients Who Received Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Inoue Akihiko , Suga Masafumi , Ishihara Satoshi
Published: November 2024

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of public assistance on patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in Japan.

Methods:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the SAVE-J II study, a retrospective, multicenter registry study involving 36 participating institutions in Japan. Patients with cardiac arrest who received ECPR were divided into two groups depending on whether or not they had received public assistance. The primary outcome was 30-day survival. Secondary outcomes were as follows: 30-day favorable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category scores 1-2); survival at discharge; favorable neurological outcome at discharge; number of intensive care unit, hospital, ventilator, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days; medical expenses; proportion of percutaneous coronary intervention; target temperature management; mechanical circulatory support (MCS) device use; and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy.

Results:
Of 2,157 patients registered in the SAVE-J II study, 1,885 patients were enrolled in this study; 99 patients (5.3%) received public assistance and 1,786 patients (94.7%) did not. Multivariable logistic regression analysis did not show a significant difference in 30-day survival (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.77-1.95, p=0.40). The log-rank test for the Kaplan-Meiercurve on 30-day survival did not demonstrate a significant difference (p=0.46). Except for the use of MCS devices, there were no significant differences in secondary outcomes.

Conclusions:
The use of public assistance did not influence the prognoses of OHCA patients receiving ECPR. Treatment option during hospitalization may be affected by the use of public assistance.
Abstract Su703: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation after Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A NEMSIS Database Study
Authors: Lee Danielle , Couturier Katherine , Breyre Amelia , Nelson Alexander , Ingram Charles , Perman Sarah , Yang David
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death in the United States, with upwards of 360,000 OHCAs annually. Receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) almost doubles an individual’s odds of survival compared to those who don’t receive bystander CPR. Unfortunately, in the US, bystander application of CPR only occurs in 40% of OHCA. Improving the rate of bystander CPR and AED use will improve survival rates for OHCA.

Minoritized populations experience worse outcomes from OHCA. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, they are less likely to survive to hospital discharge. A cross-sectional study of witnessed OHCA patients found that Black and Hispanic patients had lower rates of bystander CPR. Less is known about disparities in care for Asian American persons who experience OHCA. Studies using the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epidemiologic Registry (ROC) and the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) have concluded discrepant results, with ROC finding that Asian Americans were less likely to receive bystander CPR and CARES finding that they were just as likely to receive bystander CPR compared to non-Hispanic Whites. To that end, we sought to evaluate the association between bystander CPR and Asian race after witnessed OHCA.

Objective:
To evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and the odds of receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (bCPR) after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods:
Data were obtained from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) database for adults (≥18 years) with a witnessed non-traumatic OHCA in the year 2022. Patients were separated into two groups: Non-Hispanic White and Asians. The primary outcome was the odds of receiving bCPR. Exclusions included traumatic etiology, do-not-resuscitate orders, and arrests witnessed by healthcare providers. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test significance.

Results:
A total of 73,215 witnessed OHCA activations were included in this study. Overall, bystander CPR rates were lower for the Asian group (59.8%) compared to the Non-Hispanic White group (65.0%). Pearson’s chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference between the bCPR rates of the Asian group and Non-Hispanic White group, with a p-value of less than 0.001.

Conclusion:
Racial/ethnic disparities exist for Asian individuals in the odds of receiving bCPR after a witnessed non-traumatic OHCA.
Abstract Su705: Predictive Model and Factors for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Geriatric Patients with insomnia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chen Chi-Hsin , Sung Chih-Wei , Chih Yun-Ting , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan
Published: November 2024

Background:
Previous studies have shown that geriatric insomnia can impact the quality of life and lead to various health risks and comorbidities, which may further result in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Therefore, assessing the risk of OHCA in elderly patients with insomnia is crucial.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that a predictive model incorporating demographic, clinical, and treatment adherence factors can effectively estimate the risk of OHCA among geriatric patients with insomnia.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for OHCA in geriatric patients with insomnia using a large-scale population-based analysis.

Method:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's Health and Welfare Data Science Center spanning from 2011 to 2020. The study included elderly patients diagnosed with insomnia who received medication. Predictors of OHCA, such as age, sex, comorbidities, medication adherence, and psychotherapy, were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with both internal and temporal validation.

Results:
Among 438,147 eligible elderly patients with insomnia, 7,666 experienced OHCA. Using data from 2011 to 2018 for model development, the AUROC for predicting OHCA within 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days ranged from 0.749 to 0.762 in the training set and 0.768 to 0.784 in the validation set. Key predictors included older age, male sex, prior medical resource use, hemodialysis, pre-existing comorbidities, medication possession ratio, medication changes, and recent psychotherapy (Figure 1). The model was also tested in 2019 and 2020 dataset (began of the COVID-19 in Taiwan), respectively, demonstrating consistent predictive performance (Figure 2). Specifically, the 7-day model in 2019 showed a sensitivity of 0.776, specificity of 0.632, and accuracy of 0.632, with a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 2.11, and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.36. In 2020, it achieved a sensitivity of 0.739, specificity of 0.661, accuracy of 0.661, PLR of 2.18, NLR of 0.40.

Conclusion:
The study developed a reliable predictive model for OHCA in geriatric patients with insomnia, highlighting significant predictors such as age, comorbidities, medication adherence, and recent psychotherapy. This model can aid clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and improving preventative care strategies.
Abstract Su706: New risk markers of sudden cardiac death in the young : insights from machine learning on EHR data
Authors: Laurenceau Thomas , Chocron Richard , BEGANTON Frankie , Youssfi Younes , Bougouin Wulfran , Empana Jean-Philippe , Jouven Xavier
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in young adults is a significant public health issue, with survival rates often less than 15%. Effective prevention is critical as many SCD cases go undetected due to nonspecific symptoms and ineffective risk stratification methods, especially among the youth.

Objective:
To explore risk markers specific to SCD in younger populations using Artificial Intelligence (AI) trained on systematically collected Electronic Health Records (EHR) data, and to compare these markers with those in older populations.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 46,060 participants in Paris and its inner suburbs, spanning 2011 to 2020. The cohort included 1,100 SCD cases and 1,100 controls aged 40 years or younger, and 21,930 SCD cases and 21,930 controls aged over 40. A machine learning model was developed, trained, and validated on these cohorts. We used the Catboost algorithm and evaluated model performance using AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. The SHAP algorithm was employed to elucidate the relationship between variables and predicted risk.

Results:
The model achieved on validation sets an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83) for the younger cohort and AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.83), for the older cohort. Neuropsychiatric drugs were the most influential predictors for the younger cohort, whereas age and cardiovascular drugs were most predictive for the older cohort. The results indicate that traditional cardiovascular risk factors play a secondary role in predicting SCD among younger individuals.

Conclusion:
In analyzing predictors of sudden death in individuals under 40, we developed a personalized SCD prediction model using EHR data tailored to this demographic. Psychiatric medications, and possibly underlying psychiatric conditions, emerged as significant predictors. Our findings emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to SCD prevention, integrating neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular considerations.
Abstract Su707: Sex Differences in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival to Hospital Discharge for Public Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in North Carolina and Singapore
Authors: Wee Glenda , Ostbye Truls , Hart Lauren , Hansen Carolina , Shahidah Nur , Starks Monique , Granger Christopher , Ong Marcus , Blewer Audrey
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Although it is known that women are less likely than men to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) in public, few studies have examined differences in receipt of BCPR and survival to hospital discharge for public out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) by patient sex between distinct regions.

Objectives:
We assessed if patient sex was associated with BCPR (primary outcome) and survival to hospital discharge (secondary outcome) for public OHCAs in North Carolina (NC) and Singapore (SG). We hypothesized that females in both regions would have lower receipt of BCPR and were less likely to survive to hospital discharge compared with men.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival dataset (NC, 2013-2022) and Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (SG, 2010-2020). We excluded pediatric, traumatic, emergency medical services (EMS) witnessed cases, arrests in healthcare facilities and residential cases. Using logistic regression, we examined the association of sex with BCPR and survival to hospital discharge controlling for potential confounding variables such as age, race and the year of arrest.

Results:
There were 65,627 OHCAs in NC; upon exclusion 6,828 remained (78% males; mean age: 57±15, males, 54.7±18, females). In SG, there were 24,177 OHCAs; upon exclusion 3,617 cases remained (87% males; mean age: 57±14, males, 61±16.4, females).

In NC, public BCPR rates were 48% for males and 44% for females. Females had a 13% adjusted lower odds of receiving less BCPR (adjusted OR 0.87 (CI 0.77, 0.99)). In SG, BCPR rates were 59% for males and 52% for females. Similarly, females had a 22% lower adjusted odds of receiving BCPR (adjusted OR 0.78 (CI 0.62, 0.98)).

In NC, survival to hospital discharge rates for public OHCAs were 24% for males and 26% for females. Females had a 17% lower adjusted odds ratio of survival to hospital discharge compared to males (adjusted OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35)). In SG, public survival to hospital discharge rates were 12% for males and 9% for females. Females had a 36% adjusted lower odds of survival to hospital discharge compared to males (adjusted OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.43, 0.94)).

Conclusion:
In public OHCAs, females were less likely to receive BCPR than males in both regions. However, females were less likely to survive to hospital discharge in SG, whereas the opposite was seen in NC. Further research is needed to elucidate factors for these differences.
Abstract Su901: Association of Hemoglobin and Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood on Survival and Neurologic Outcomes in In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Koul Rudra , Gupta Vasu , Qadeer Nasheeta , Patel Jignesh
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lower hemoglobin levels have been associated with poor outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Pre-arrest hemoglobin (within 24 hours) and its association with outcomes and PaO2 in in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of pre-arrest hemoglobin levels with survival and neurologic outcomes, and intra-arrest PaO2 levels in adults with IHCA.

Methods:
The study population included adults with IHCA undergoing resuscitation at an academic tertiary medical center from 2011-2019. Hemoglobin levels were obtained within 24 hours prior to arrest, and PaO2 levels were obtained intra-arrest via arterial blood gas samples. Patients were classified based upon three pre-arrest hemoglobin (Hgb) levels: Hgb < 8.5, Hgb 8.5-10.5, Hgb > 10.5. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to discharge, favorable neurological outcome (defined as a Glasgow Outcome Score of 4-5), and association with PaO2 served as outcomes of interest.

Results:
Of the 799 patients studied, 493 patients had pre-arrest hemoglobin data and 164 had intra-arrest PaO2 data. Of those patients that had pre-arrest hemoglobin data, 145 (29.4%) had Hgb < 8.5, 178 (36.1%) had Hgb 8.5-10.5, 170 (34.5%) had Hgb >10.5. Charlson Comorbidity Score was similar across each hemoglobin group. Most patients had PEA/Asystole as the initial rhythm at onset of cardiac arrest, and the number was similar across each hemoglobin group. Mean intra-arrest PaO2 was higher in the Hgb < 8.5 group. Compared to Hgb < 8.5, higher hemoglobin levels were associated with higher rates of ROSC in both univariate (Hgb < 8.5: 46.9% vs. Hgb 8.5-10.5: 59.6% vs. Hgb > 10.5: 62.9%, p = 0.012) and multivariate (Hgb 8.5-10.5: OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.96-2.39; Hgb > 10.5: OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.10-2.79) analyses. Higher hemoglobin levels were associated with higher rates of favorable neurologic outcome in the univariate analysis only (Hgb < 8.5: 10.5% vs. Hgb 8.5-10.5: 11.8% vs. Hgb > 10.5: 19.4%, p = 0.043). There was no significant correlation between pre-arrest hemoglobin and intra-arrest PaO2.

Conclusions:
In this contemporary registry of adults with IHCA, higher hemoglobin values were associated with higher rates of ROSC. There may be an association between higher hemoglobin levels and favorable neurologic outcome. There was no association between pre-arrest hemoglobin and intra-arrest PaO2.
Abstract Su908: Unfavorable prognostic features and temporal trends in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCA) presenting to an Academic Center at the Border in El Paso
Authors: Sekhar Aravind , Sharma Sahithi , Zakhireh Bobby , Carrasco Mario , Srinivas Sunil , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Early recognition of cardiac arrest with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and early defibrillation when appropriate, can improve outcomes after Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Data from the national registries indicate there are both regional as well racial and ethnic differences in rates of bystander CPR in witnessed OHCA cases with significantly lower rates of bystander CPR in non-white persons. However, Hispanic as well border populations are underrepresented in these studies. University Medical Center (UMC) El Paso, Texas is an academic medical center located 1 mile from the US- Mexico border which is also the only not for profit safety net hospital with a Level1 trauma center.

Research Question:
Outcomes after OHCA are strongly affected by peri-arrest circumstances including bystander CPR and certain features portend poor outcomes. We performed a descriptive observational study of OHCA cases presenting to UMC to analyze temporal trends in these factors in our community as local data from El Paso is currently not reported in any registries.

Methods:
We collaborated with the El Paso Fire Department (EPFD) to obtain resuscitation data on patients who suffered OHCA and were brought to the University Medical Center (UMC)Emergency Department (ED) and created a registry of patients who suffered OHCA in El Paso FROM 2017 to Nov 2021.

Results:
Initial analysis identified around 698 predominantly Hispanic patients who suffered OHCA. Of these 115 were due to non-cardiac causes such as trauma, and 583 were possible cardiac etiology. OHCA cases peaked in 2020 coinciding with COVID 19 surge. Less than one third (31.5%) had bystander CPR with only 11.9% having a shockable rhythm. 64% did not achieve Return of spontaneous circulation in the field. 39% expired in the ED or in the field. We also performed a temporal analysis of these features and bystander CPR rates peaked in 2019 (38.1%to 24.8% in 2021).

Conclusion:
In our Hispanic underserved population in El Paso, we identified poor outcomes after OHCA, with non-shockable rhythm being the most common adverse feature and decreased rates of bystander CPR (31.5%) with further decrease after 2019. Local community level data which is critical for appropriate local resource allocation to improve OHCA outcomes is missing from underserved populations and additional resources are required improve outcomes.
Research on the Upgrading of China’s Manufacturing under the Value-Added Capability and Correlation Effect of Global Value Chain
Authors: Gao Yang , Rong Jiurui
Published: November 2024

China’s manufacturing has developed rapidly due to the integration of the global value chain (GVC) production division system. But the early OEM and processing can hardly meet the needs of high-quality development of the manufacturing. The “low-end lock-in” and “double squeeze” faced by China’s manufacturing will impede the pace of upgrading the manufacturing. From the perspective of GVC accounting, this paper studies the industrial chain upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry through four indicators: GVC participation, GVC division of labor status index, share of foreign value added in domestic exports, and manufacturing ‘servitization’ index, which from the value chain value added effect at the national level and industrial chain correlation effect at the industrial level, and drawing on the WWYZ method of Wang Zhi et al. (2017) and the input-output method of Leontief (1936). Through the research, it is found that the servitization level of the mid and high-tech industry and high-tech industry of China has been steadily improved, gradually getting rid of the “low-end lock-in” of developed countries and climbing to the high value added production links; Not only do the reindustrialization strategy of developed countries provide the obstacle to the upgrading of the industrial chain and value chain of China’s high-tech industry, but also promote domestic talent training and technological innovation. The linkage and integration of the industrial chain of low-tech industry and low and mid-tech industry have been further improved, which plays a favorable role in relevant industry’s value chain climbing and industrial chain upgrading. China’s manufacturing is progressively improving its own value-added capability and international competitive advantage, further enhancing the two-way integration of the industrial chain, and gradually transitioning to both sides of the “smile curve”, to achieve high-quality development of the manufacturing.
Remote Hearing in Morocco: Limits of Technology and Their Impact on the Fairness of Trials
Authors: Hatim Anouar
Published: November 2024

Moroccan courthouses are increasingly using videoconferencing technology to connect an accused remotely to a judicial hearing. While videoconferencing is more than just a technological tool, it continues to raise several legal concerns due to the seriousness of the legal rights and principles at stake.

This article examines how videoconferencing technology is faithful in enshrining a natural and effective defence for the accused appearing at a distance. It analyses the transformations generated by this technology both in the ritual framework of the trial and in the perceptions of the various participants in the hearing, which may have an impact on the fairness of the trial and, more generally, on the image of justice.
Defining Chymistry through Insults?
Authors: Lang Sarah
Published: November 2024

This article investigates Michael Maier’s (1569–1622) strategic use of invectives in his self-fashioning as an expert in the marketplace of entrepreneurial alchemy. Maier’s insults not only represent performances of expertise but also defend aurum potabile as a medical strategy. Building upon the adage that “the best defense is a good offense”, this study explores how chymists utilized the pervasive notion of alchemical fraud to their advantage. To that end, it examines Maier’s works Coelidonia (1609), De Circulo Physico Quadrato (1616), Jocus Severus (1617), and Examen Fucorum Pseudo-Chymicorum (1617) as well as his English friend Francis Anthony’s Apologia (1616), to which he contributed material.
Political Performativity in Performance Culture: Xenophon’s Hipparchikos and the Dithyrambic Chorus
Authors: Zuckerman Vladimir Gildin
Published: November 2024

This article examines Xenophon’s suggestion for conducting cavalry displays in Eq. mag. 3 and develops the argument that the text is a significant document of Xenophon’s thought about political performativity as well as of 4th century Athenian political culture. I argue that one of Xenophon’s strategies to reform the relationship between the Athenian demos and the ideologically fraught elite institution of the cavalry was to conduct public displays that draw on the aesthetics and formal features of New Dithyramb. On the basis of my analysis, I argue that understanding political performances requires closer attention to specific audience expectations, aesthetic norms, and cultural power, and suggest that Xenophon was a political thinker and actor who was highly attentive to such issues in the Athenian context.
Praxis as Property: the Concept of Justice in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Klein L.J.A.
Published: November 2024

Scholarship on the Republic has tended to stress the centrality of the tripartite soul to the Republic’s conception of justice. Yet since Socrates’s task in the dialogue is to show the desirability of justice in the ordinary Athenian sense, any emphasis on idiosyncratic psychology would render his account of justice fundamentally beside the point. This paper suggests a way out of this dilemma. It argues that Platonic justice in the Republic represents a shrewd twist on the entirely conventional, distributive Athenian notion of justice as refraining from seizing for oneself what belongs to another. Plato’s twist is to substitute the performance of one’s own activity (πρᾶξις τα ἑαυτοῦ) for the possession of one’s household goods (ἕξις τα ἑαυτοῦ) as the proper object of justice. The paper then shows how this account of Platonic justice makes sense both textually and contextually, before concluding.
Animal Emotionality and Selfhood in Old Norse Textual Culture
Authors: Bourns Timothy
Published: November 2024

In the Old Norse-Icelandic literary context, animals are understood to be capable of emotional experience, but they are generally unable to communicate their feelings through a language which people might understand. To resolve this issue and express animal emotionality, Old Norse authors used several strategies: emotion words, inference through behaviour, and emotive gestures, both naturalistic affective responses of animal bodies and affective anthropomorphisation – recognisably human emotive displays. Medieval romance offers a vehicle for cross-cultural comparison: a study of the lion’s tears in the various translations and reinventions of Chrétien’s Yvain further establishes the literary popularity of animal emotionality in the medieval North. Emotive performativity was reformulated through translation and acculturation, acting as a tool for medieval authors to imbue animals with textual subjectivity and literary selfhood. However, there are limitations to the human ability to comprehend animal cognition and emotional experience, and in the Old Norse context, animals textually experience a finite range of emotions, indicating a limited medieval understanding of animal selfhood, with implications for how we understand humanity’s historical subjugation of the nonhuman.
Looting and Learning: War and the Qur’an in European Oriental Studies
Authors: Babinski Paul , Loop Jan
Published: November 2024

This essay examines the relationship between war and European Qur’anic studies from the mediaeval period to the nineteenth century. It surveys manuscript sources that bear traces of wartime looting and the work of Muslim captives and converts. It argues that war played a recurring role in European oriental studies, helping to shape its practices, aims, and geography. In their early stages, war contributed to a broader shift in academic oriental studies toward the study of the Qur’an in its multilingual Islamic intellectual contexts. Later, as colonial expansion facilitated access to new sources, illicitly acquired manuscripts, especially early Qur’an fragments, were instrumental for historical scholarship on the Qur’an.
The Circulation of Arabic Books from Ifrīqiya in Europe after the Sack of Tunis (1535)
Authors: Hinrichsen Laura
Published: November 2024

Among the spoils from the Tunis campaign of 1535, a large number of Arabic books were taken to Europe. At a time before the Ottoman Empire became the centre of gravity for collection efforts, the arrival of looted Tunisian manuscripts was a momentous event for European scholars and collectors. However, undocumented in official loot registers or mis-catalogued in library records, many of these Tunisian books fell into oblivion over time and are virtually absent from modern historiography. By tracing the movement of these North African books among collectors in early modern Europe, this article explores the networks and policies of the first orientalists.
The Great Turkish War and the Study of the Qur’an: the case of Matthias Friedrich Beck (1649–1701)
Authors: Ben-Tov Asaph
Published: November 2024

The Great Turkish War, which began with the Ottoman Siege of Vienna in 1683, ended sixteenth years later with substantial territorial gains for the Habsburgs and their allies, greatly diminishing the European domains of the Ottoman Empire. This protracted struggle also occasioned an influx into Europe of Türkenbeute, Ottoman manuscripts and artefacts with considerable consequences for European scholarship. This article concentrates on the case of the Augsburg orientalist and Lutheran preacher Matthias Friedrich Beck, tracing how the War in the East inspired his interest in the Qur’an and enabled his Specimen arabicum (1688). This case study also illustrates the scholarly and broader public interest in the war and in the looted objects making their way to European collections and the studies of seventeenth-century scholars.
Türkenbeute in Halle: The Spoils of War and the Study of Islam in an Eighteenth-Century Pietist Orphanage
Authors: Mills Simon
Published: November 2024

This article explores the history of the Türkenbeute manuscripts in Halle. The decades following the Ottoman defeat at Vienna in 1683 witnessed an influx into Central-Europe of Qur’ans, prayer books, Qur’anic commentaries, and legal compendia that had been looted from battlefields and conquered cities. Many such items found their way to Halle, where they came to stock the libraries attached to the complex of schools and the orphanage founded in 1698 by the Pietist theologian, August Hermann Francke (1663–1727). Following a sketch of the manuscripts’ provenance, the article summarises the factors that encouraged the study of the ‘Oriental’ languages at Halle in the early eighteenth century. It then documents the work of two Pietist students of Arabic, Christian Benedict Michaelis (1680–1764) and Johann Heinrich Callenberg (1694–1760), in order to show how the spoils of war could be put to use to further the aspirations of scholarship.
STELLARIA RAJBHANDARII (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM NEPAL AND RESURRECTION OF STELLARIA NEOTOMENTOSA
Authors: KAFLE RASHIKA , PANDEY NEELAM , PARMAR GAURAV
Published: November 2024

Based on distinctive morphology, Stellaria rajbhandarii is described as a new species from Nepal, and S. neotomentosa is resurrected since it is a species distinct from S. nepalensis. This study has provided the diagnosis as well as a complete description, phenology, distribution, habitat, and photoplates of both species.
Two new Themistoclesia (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) from Peru
Authors: LUTEYN JAMES L. , ORTIZ EDGARDO M. , PEDRAZA-PEÑALOSA PAOLA
Published: November 2024

Themistoclesia david-smithii and T. gigantiflora (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park located in central Peru, are described and illustrated.
Quantitative Analysis of the Polyphenols Contained in the Mucilage Extracted from Barks and Baobab Leaves (Adansonia digitata L)
Authors: Yatte Babacar , Sarr Diégane , Diaw Pape , Diop Youssoupha , DiéganeThiaré Diène , Sakho Mohamed , Delattre François , Coly Atanasse
Published: November 2024

This work focuses on a phytochemical study of the mucilage contained in the leaves and barks of African baobab (adansonia digitata L). The objective of this phytochemical study is to determine the presence of polyphenols in the mucilage derived from baobab leaves and bark. These phenolic compounds are vital for maintaining optimal health, as they combat the presence of fats and cardiovascular disease. To achieve this, we used several samples. The leaves or barks samples were collected from three different sites: Boof Poupouye (Fatick region), Ngohé (Diourbel region) and Tanime (Thiès region). Ethanol and acetone were used as extraction solvents. To extract total polyphenols or each type of polyphenol contained in the mucilage, appropriate extraction methods was performed. Thus, to determine the rates of total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and water-soluble tannins contained in the mucilage extracted from barks and leaves, we used respectively the method of Folin-Ciocalteu, Marinova and collaborators, and one based on the reaction with iron trichloride and the colorimetric method. The content of polyphenols depends to many factors such as the site, the extraction solvent and plant organs (barks or leaves). Indeed, in all the sites studied, the results showed that the concentration of total polyphenols and flavonoids were relatively higher in the leaves than in the barks. A similar result was obtained for tannins within the sites of Boof Poupouye and Tanime. On the other hand, in the Ngohé site, the rates of condensed tannins and water-soluble tannins were higher in the barks. In all the cases studied, the highest rates were noted in the ethanolic extracts. The predominance of some factors (site, extraction solvent and plant organ) on variations of polyphenols and flavonoids was confirmed by statistical studies (ANOVA) while the tannins difference were more relatives to the chemical nature or operating methods.
Agronomic Practices for Management of Ginger Bacterial wilt Disease: A Review
Authors: Abayneh Behailu
Published: November 2024

Ginger is one of the most important spices, particularly for small-scale farmers in Ethiopia. However, bacterial wilt is a major constraint to ginger production, and it was reported for the first time in 2012. The disease is caused by the bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. Common symptoms in infected plants include wilting, stunting, yellowing of foliage, and rhizome rot. The disease is now widespread across all ginger-growing regions worldwide, spreading through soil, water, infected rhizomes, and plant debris. A major challenge in managing bacterial wilt has been the lack of effective control methods. This review primarily focuses on recent advances in control measures, including agronomic and cultural practices such as soil amendment, rhizome treatment, and other cultural practices. Soil and rhizome solarization has proven to be a cost-effective method that is compatible with other pest management tactics. Furthermore, the use of organic matter such as crop residue and animal manure has been investigated as a means of inducing R. solanacearum suppression since it enhances the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil. The application of certain plants and their essential oils as bio-fumigants has also been examined as an alternative approach to managing bacterial wilt as part of an integrated disease management system. Crop rotation, tillage, and field sanitation play vital roles in disease management. Furthermore, other farm practices, such as the use of healthy seeds, cultivation in disease-free areas, cover crops, bio-mulch, and regular field inspection, also contribute to the suppression of this pathogen. Overall, employing agronomic and cultural practices in combination with an integrated disease management strategy offers a promising approach for controlling bacterial wilt and ensuring sustainable ginger production.
Correlation Between Serum Copeptin and NTproBNP Levels in Heart Failure
Authors: Sen Rudra , Thakur Manisha , Rani Anita
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Heart Failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is associated with upregulation and dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system and the vasopressin system. In heart failure, the levels of vasopressin are elevated and out of sync with the osmotic status. Arginine Vasopressin has a half-life of only 20 minutes and is bound to circulating platelets. Hence, it is not useful as a biomarker. Copeptin, a by-product of vasopressin metabolism has been used as a surrogate marker for Arginine Vasopressin in clinical practice. Thus, our study aims to find the use of copeptin in studying heart failure and its use in predicting severity. We also sought to correlate copeptin with NTproBNP the standard biomarker used in heart failure. Methods: Our study was a single-centre cross-sectional observational study involving 90 admitted heart failure patients over 18 months. NYHA Class was used to assess the severity of heart failure. Copeptin levels were measured using Human Copeptin ELISA Kit. Results: In these patients, elevated levels of copeptin and NTproBNP were found. In patients with higher NYHA Class, a greater rise in serum copeptin and NTproBNP levels was noted. Moreover, a strong positive correlation between NTproBNP and copeptin (rho = 0.7) was found in our study. Conclusion: Our study puts forward copeptin as a simple additional cost-effective biomarker for predicting the severity of heart failure.
Dropout from Maternity Continuum of Care and Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth After War in Adigrat Town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2024
Authors: Teka Maezu , Werde Weldu , Kahisay Niguse , Weldeyohans Kiflay , Weldegebreal Znabu
Published: November 2024

Background: Maternity continuum of care is the continuity of maternal health care services given to mothers during antenatal period, child birth and post natal period. It is one of the strategic programs meant to lower the death rates of mothers, newborns, and children. In spite of this, a large number of moms discontinue their participation in maternal continuum care. Dropout from the maternity continuum of care is prevalent public health issue in underdeveloped nations, such as Ethiopia. Methods: Community based quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out among 357 mothers who gave birth in the 12 months in Adigrat town. Systematic sampling method was used to obtain study participants. Data was collected using pretested, semi- structured and face to face interviewer administered questioner. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted. Variables having p-value less than 0.2 in bivariable analysis was entered to multivariable logistic regression model. In multivariable logistic regression adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine strength and direction of the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The overall magnitude of drop out from the maternity continuum of care was 237 (66.4%) [95%CI (61.3-70.9)], 60.6% drop out from ANC visit, 5.6% drop out from skill birth attendant and 58.9% drop out from PNC. Mothers never heard on maternal health care service (AOR=4.179 (1.107, 15.783), service out of health facility (AOR =5.136 (1.988, 13.267) noabortionhistory (AOR=1.424 (1.113, 12.133), unplannedpregnancy (AOR=5.478 (1.902, 15.777), less than 4 ANC visit (AOR= 5.583 (2.598, 11. 997) and mothers attitude (AOR=15.049 (2.489, 32.997) were statically significant factors associated with drop out from maternity continuum of care. Conclusion and discussion: This study showed that magnitude of drop out from maternity continuum of care was high as compared to WHO recommendations. As a result concerned stakeholders and policy makers should initiate more than four ANC visit, create awareness on harmful traditional practice, bad pregnancy history, support mothers to use family planning to prevent unplanned pregnancy, and work on attitude change of the community.
The Practice of Project-Based Learning in a Management Information Systems Course for Graduate Students
Authors: Shen Bo
Published: November 2024

The Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a contextualized learning method based on constructivist theory, enabling students to learn knowledge by applying knowledge and conducting experiments. Most researcher in PBL focused on the K-12 and undergraude students, less focused on graduate students. This article integrates PBL into the teaching practice activities of a management information systems (MIS) course for graduate students and constructs a PBL process consisting of four stages: startup period, middle period, presentation period, and closing period. It aims to address the practical application of relevant theories of MIS and the application of emerging information technologies in solving practical problems, so as to improve students' active construction ability of course knowledge and effectively enhance their team collaboration ability.
Bifurcation Analysis and Multiobjective Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Sustainable Ecosystems
Authors: Sridhar Lakshmi
Published: November 2024

Objective: All optimal control work involving ecological models involves single objective optimization. In this work, we perform multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control (MNLMPC) in conjunction with bifurcation analysis on an ecosystem model. Methods: Bifurcation analysis was performed using the MATLAB software MATCONT while the multi-objective nonlinear model predictive control was performed by using the optimization language PYOMO. Results: Rigorous proof showing the existence of bifurcation (branch) points is presented along with computational validation. It is also demonstrated (both numerically and analytically) that the presence of the branch points was instrumental in obtaining the Utopia solution when the multiobjective nonlinear model prediction calculations were performed. Conclusions: The main conclusions of this work are that one can attain the utopia point in MNLMPC calculations because of the branch points that occur in the ecosystem model and the presence of the branch point can be proved analytically. The use of rigorous mathematics to enhance sustainability will be a significant step in encouraging sustainable development. The main practical implication of this work is that the strategies developed here can be used by all researchers involved in maximizing sustainability The future work will involve using these mathematical strategies to other ecosystem models and food chain models which will be a huge step in developing strategies to address problems involving nutrition.
The Effects of Intra-Operative Lidocaine Infusion on Post Operative Pain and Morphine Consumption Following Major Gynaecological Surgeries Under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Uchechukwu Agwu , Ezeikel Oyewole , Ebere Agu , William Adeyemi , Olung Achi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Major gynaecological surgeries are associated with considerable postoperative pain, which remains a challenge for many practitioners. Multimodal forms of analgesia significantly reduce the requirement of opioids for pain management. Despite its local anaesthetic effects, lidocaine infusion improves postoperative pain and morphine consumption following gynaecological surgeries. Materials and methods: Sixty patients were assigned randomly into 2 groups (A and B) with 30 patients per group. Group A received intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg at induction via a bolus injection and 1.5 mg/kg/hr in normal saline infusion from onset of surgery to the end of surgery, while the control group (Group B) received equal volume of normal saline at the same timelines. Pain scores were assessed postoperatively using the numerical rating scale and the cumulative morphine consumed postoperatively were also measured. Results: The mean pain scores were significantly higher in the Saline Group than in the Lidocaine group. The cumulative morphine consumption after 48 hours was significantly reduced in the study group 4.87 ± 1.80 mg vs 14.13 ± 4.10 mg (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The administration of a bolus dose (1.5 mg/kg) of intravenous lidocaine at induction and a continuous intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/hr from onset of surgery till skin closure reduced the postoperative pain intensity and morphine consumption in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgeries under general anaesthesia.
The Immunomodulatory Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Licorice Extract on Giant Salamander
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Liu Pin , Ning Yue , Feng Yalong , Dou Lingling , Wang Ping , Xi Ruimin , Yan Minfei
Published: November 2024

The effect of licorice extract on non-specific immune function of giant salamanders was studied by intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that the lysozyme activity in the drug group increased, and the lysozyme activity increased with the increase of dose. From the 7th day onwards, each sampling of the drug group showed significant differences compared to the control group (P<0.05). The phagocytic activity of macrophages in the drug group showed some fluctuations, but there was no significant difference compared to the control group. The white blood cell volume value of the high-dose group gradually increased in the first three samplings, and showed a significant difference compared to the control group at 14 days (P<0.05). It decreased slightly in the last two samplings, but was still higher than the control group at the same time. The spleen organ coefficient of the low-dose group was (0.7 ± 0.01) % at 28 days, higher than that of the control group (0.4 ± 0.05) %, and the high-dose group was (0.7 ± 0.07) % at 14 days, higher than that of the control group (0.4 ± 0.02) %. Both differences were significant (P<0.05). After the last sampling (28 days), artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria resulted in a mortality rate of 80% in the control group, 50% in the low-dose group, and 30% in the high-dose group, all lower than the control group. The drug group also had higher immune protection rates than the control group. The results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of licorice extract can improve the immune function and disease resistance of giant salamanders to a certain extent.
Understanding community resilience during the drinking water contamination event on Oahu, Hawaii, 2021–2022: a mixed mode approach
Authors: Parasram Vidisha , Smith Amanda R. , Bolduc Michele L. F. , Rayman Jamie , Poniatowski Alex , Mintz Nicole , Jarvis Madeline , Troeschel Alyssa N. , Miko Shanna , Surasi Krishna , Edge Charles , Gerhardstein Benjamin , Felton Diana , Orr Maureen F.
Published: November 2024

Background

A petroleum leak into the Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam water system on Oahu, Hawaii in November 2021 contaminated the drinking water of approximately 93,000 users, causing many to relocate for months. Perceptions of health and wellbeing were captured using the Centers for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (CDC/ATSDR) Assessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) cross-sectional survey in collaboration with the Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH).

Methods

Responses from the ACE online survey of community members, businesses, schools, health care and veterinary care organizations during the contamination event, containing quantitative questions and qualitative information from an open text field, were analyzed. Separately, a qualitative key informant questionnaire was administered to community establishments. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze and identify prominent themes from the ACE open text field and the key informant responses that were triangulated by the quantitative data when the themes aligned.

Results

Six major themes of disruption, communication, trust, stress, support, and ongoing needs were identified. Burdensome logistics from obtaining alternate water, negative financial impacts from relocation or losing business, distrust of information, perceived lack of support from response entities and uncertainty of long-term health impact caused significant disruption, stress and mental health. Individuals reported needing water, shelter, and mental health care while establishments wanted financial reimbursement and a resolution.

Conclusions

The findings show that environmental disasters have significant disruptive and mental health impacts from stress. Identified themes can inform and improve emergency response and communication strategies and increase trust with community members during and after large chemical exposure events.