bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of L-Theanine, a Constituent of Tea, on Cognitive Functions and Attention
Authors: Karunaratne U. W. , Karunaratne D. , Karunaratne S. , Karunasena G. , Kodikara S. , Kaushalya H. , Wikum C. , Navakulan K. , Kaflay H. , Kathriarachchi S. , Kiriwandala R. , Dassanayake T. L.
Published: August 2022

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a historically and economically important beverage for Sri Lanka; and is traditionally believed to have relaxing or calming effects. Some evidence attributes these effects to a constituent of tea leaves; L-theanine, a non-protein-forming amino acid structurally similar to glutamic acid. Over the years, research has found L-theanine to also have effects on various cognitive functions, including attention. This review focuses on the research conducted thus far on the acute effects of L-theanine on neurobehavioral, neurophysiological, and functional neuroimaging indices, cognition and attention. Despite the heterogeneity of testing paradigms across studies, experimental evidence increasingly suggests that L-theanine could improve visual selective attention. Contrary to traditional belief, the amount of L-theanine in a cup of tea (4.5-22.5mg) seems to cause no significant effects; and attentional improvement is more prominent with much higher doses (100-500mg). This makes it worth exploring the possibility of enriching tea with L-theanine, while preserving the unique flavour of the product. L-theanine has an additive effect with caffeine in enhancing attention, but unlike caffeine, L-theanine can be ingested in high doses with no risk of adverse effects, tolerance or dependence. The evidence on attentional effects of L-theanine is almost entirely based on healthy samples who have undergone laboratory-based attentional tasks that employed abstract stimuli.  When translating these laboratory findings to real-life scenarios, incorporating more real-life-based stimulus paradigms (i.e., simulated driving scenarios) is warranted. The clinical relevance of L-theanine research could also be improved by exploring the effects of L-theanine in cognitively compromised groups of individuals.
Post-pandemic recovery from economic, health and social impact; Lessons to learn from global scenario
Authors: Weerasinghe V. , Yasaratne D.
Published: August 2022

No abstract available
Introduction and summary
Authors: Bingham-Koslowski N , Dafoe L T , St-Onge M
R , Turner E C , Haggart J W , Gregersen U , Keen C E , Bent A L , Harrison J C
Published: August 2022

The papers contained in this bulletin provide a comprehensive summary and updated understanding of the onshore geology and evolution of Baffin Island, the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and surrounding onshore regions. This introductory paper summarizes and links the
geological and tectonic events that took place to develop the craton and subsequent Proterozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary basins. Specifically, the Precambrian and Paleozoic geology of Baffin Island and localized occurrences underlying the adjacent Labrador-Baffin Seaway, the Mesozoic to Cenozoic
stratigraphy and rift history that records the opening and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, the seismicity of the region, as well as both the mineral (Baffin Island) and hydrocarbon (onshore and offshore) resource potential are discussed.
Stratigraphy of the Labrador margin: a synthesis and new perspectives
Authors: Dafoe L T , Dickie K , Williams G L , McCartney T
Published: August 2022

The Labrador Sea formed during rifting between North America and Greenland beginning in the Early Cretaceous, with subsequent seafloor spreading from the Maastrichtian (chron C31) to Early Paleocene (chron C27n) that ended by chron C13 (earliest Oligocene). Early
Cretaceous rifting resulted in accumulation of Alexis Formation basalt units and Bjarni Formation nonmarine and marginal marine clastic rocks. In the Late Cretaceous, extension focused further offshore as sag basin conditions formed across the shelf, with a basinwide transgression of Markland
Formation shale and localized Freydis Member sandstone development. A Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene regression formed Gudrid Formation shoreline sandstone units, with correlative Cartwright Formation marine shale units. This was followed by an Early Eocene transgression of the Kenamu Formation
and Middle Eocene Leif Member shoreline development. During the Late Eocene through Pleistocene, transgression took place once again at the base of the Mokami Formation, with subsequent development of the partly correlative shallow-marine sandstone units of the Saglek
Formation.
Rifting and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway
Authors: Keen C E , Dickie K , Dafoe L T , Funck T , Welford J K , Dehler S
A , Gregersen U , DesRoches K
J
Published: August 2022

The evolution of the 2000 km long Mesozoic rift system underlying the Labrador-Baffin Seaway is described, with emphasis on results from geophysical data sets, which provide the timing, sediment thickness, and crustal structure of the system. The data sets
include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, and magnetic data, with additional constraints provided by near-surface geology and well data. Many features that characterize rift systems globally are displayed, including: wide and narrow rift zones; magma-rich and magma-poor margin segments;
exhumation of continental mantle in distal, magma-poor zones; and occurrences of thick basalts, associated with the development of seaward-dipping reflectors, and magmatic underplating. The magma-rich regions were affected by Paleogene volcanism, perhaps associated with a hotspot or plume. Plate
reconstructions help elucidate the plate tectonic history and modes of rifting in the region; however, many questions remain unanswered with respect to this rift system.
Mineral and carving-stone resources of Baffin Island
Authors: Harrison J C , Saumur B M , Skipton D R
Published: August 2022

Mineral resources of Baffin Island include iron (Mary River), diamonds, carbonate-hosted zinc and lead (Nanisivik), nickel, copper, platinum group elements, uranium, thorium, gemstones (sapphire, spinel, lapis lazuli), carving stone, and coal. Iron deposits
include the Mary River No. 1 to 4 deposits of northern Baffin Island, which came into production in 2015 and contain 586 Mt grading 66% Fe. The Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin hosts the Nanisivik deposit, mined between 1976 and 2002; this is a Mississippi Valley-type deposit and contains 9.0%
Zn, 0.7% Pb, and 41 ppm Ag. Diamond-rich kimberlite occurs as sheets and small pipes at Chidliak on Hall Peninsula; largest by area is the CH-1 (6 ha) pipe. At least 32 carving-stone localities are known; 7 communities on Baffin Island have good access to quarried material. Coal occurs in the
Cretaceous-Paleogene Eclipse Trough of Bylot and northwestern Baffin islands. Exposures near Pond Inlet have been excavated for local use.
Introduction et sommaire
Authors: Bingham-Koslowski N , Dafoe L T , St-Onge M
R , Turner E C , Haggart J W , Gregersen U , Keen C E , Bent A L , Harrison J C
Published: August 2022

Les articles contenus dans le présent bulletin offrent un résumé complet et une mise à jour de nos connaissances de la géologie côtière et de l'évolution de l'île de Baffin, du bras de mer Labrador-Baffin et des
régions côtières environnantes. Cet article d'introduction résume et relie les événements géologiques et tectoniques qui ont contribué à l'évolution du craton et des bassins sédimentaires subséquents s'échelonnant du
Protérozoïque au Cénozoïque. Plus précisément, nous examinons la géologie du Précambrien et du Paléozoïque de l'île de Baffin et celle d'occurrences localisées de roches de ces âges dans le sous-sol du bras de mer Labrador-Baffin
adjacent; la stratigraphie du Mésozoïque-Cénozoïque ainsi que l'histoire du rift qui rend compte de l'ouverture et de l'évolution du bras de mer Labrador-Baffin; la sismicité de la région; ainsi que le potentiel en ressources minérales (île de Baffin) et
en hydrocarbures (à terre et en mer).
The Dasātīr and the “Āẕar Kaivān school” in Historical Context: Origin and Later Development
Authors: Aoki Takeshi
Published: August 2022

The present paper aims to offer a new understanding of the so-called “Zoroastrian Illuminative philosophers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,” namely the Āẕar Kaivān school. In the twentieth century, this school was understood to be a Zoroastrian phenomenon originating from Āẕar Kaivān (1533–1618), who is believed to have been born at Estakhr (Iran) and later to have immigrated to Patna (India). One way to sketch their texts is to notice their contents as the Zoroastrian Illuminative school, as H. Corbin did. But it may be more likely that the first principle for this school is a matter of ancient Persian culture, especially the Āsmānī language. Until recently, we knew little for certain about the origin of this Āsmānī vocabulary, except the inference that it might be the product of Āẕar Kaivān himself. But Sadeghi (2020) shows that the earliest mention of what would become the Āsmānī vocabulary can be confirmed in the Persian dictionary Farhang-e Mo’aiyid al-Fożalāʾ, compiled in India in 1519. The origin of the essential points of the Āẕar Kaivān school is not Āẕar Kaivān himself, but there were probably some pioneers in the Delhi Sultanate in India before him. Adding to this, a closer look at their writings shows that this school is not a monolith, but a complex of various preceding elements. The Illuminative Philosophy is just one of them. As such, it becomes possible to arrive at the conclusion that the Āẕar Kaivān school is not Āẕar Kaivān’s school. He simply put together the various elements that preceded him.
Pengaruh People, Process, Physical Evidence Dan Promotion Terhadap Keputusan Siswa Memilih Kompetensi Keahlian
Authors: Wijaya Ikhsan , Tasri Evi Susanti
Published: August 2022

The basis of the author's consideration of conducting research on the influence of people, process, promotion, and physical evidence on students' decisions to choose a skill program at SMKN 1 Lubuk Attitude is because they see the attractiveness of each skill competency which is increasingly diverse and so that each skill competency will certainly choose marketing strategy in competition to attract students as well as the efforts of each competency in maintaining and increasing student acceptance. The ultimate goal in this study is to test theories, build facts, show relationships and effects as well as comparisons between variables, provide statistical descriptions, interpret and predict the results. The population of this study was students of SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Attitude in class X in the Odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year, amounting to 492 people with a minimum sample of 100 people. Data processing using SEM-PLS. In this study it was found that People, Process, Physical evidence and Promotion had a positive and significant influence on the decision to select expertise competencies at SMKN 1 Lubuk Attitude. quality in the future, it is recommended that more efforts are made to improve the quality of people, process, physical evidence and promotion, because the results of this study have proven that people, process, physical evidence and promotion variables are important variables that influence student decisions in choosing skill competencies. at SMK Negeri 1 Lubuksikaping
Wound Dressings on Red Maple and American Elm: Effectiveness After Five Years
Authors: Shigo Alex , Wilson Charles
Published: August 2022

Closure and internal compartmentalization of wounds on red maple and American elm were not stimulated by dressings of an asphalt-based material, orange shellac, or polyurethane varnish. After 5 years, decay fungi had infected many treated and control wounds. Some trees closed woun­ds rapidly; others closed wounds slowly regardless of the treatments.
Hand Sign Language Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dr. Sunil L. Bangare  , Rohit P. Gaikwad  , Mehtab Siddiqui  , Omkar M. Ghag  , Akash R. Tarote
Published: August 2022

Hearing loss affects millions of people all over the world. This big number highlights the significance of developing a sign language recognition system that converts sign language to text so that it may be understood without the use of a translation. Based on Sign Language, the CNN Algorithm is proposed. Sign Language is a kind of communication in which we use hand movements and gestures to communicate with persons who are mostly deaf and dumb.
Estratégias metacognitivas para leitura de textos científicos: avaliação de um modelo utilizado em aulas virtuais síncronas
Authors: Ribeiro Cássia de Andrade Gomes , Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da , Zoch Alana Neto
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo investiga o uso de estratégias metacognitivas para leitura de textos científicos associadas ao ensino de Ciências/Física, analisando a sua contribuição para alterar a consciência metacognitiva dos estudantes e a viabilidade didática de seu uso em sala de aula. O modelo estruturado se diferencia dos presentes na literatura por incluir momentos explícitos de tomada de consciência dos sujeitos sobre seus próprios conhecimentos, agregando-os à operação de controlar e regular a própria compreensão. O proposto no estudo foi aplicado em uma turma de nono ano do ensino fundamental no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, envolvendo cinco encontros remotos síncronos e a leitura de três textos científicos. Como instrumentos para produção dos dados foram utilizados um teste envolvendo a consciência metacognitiva dos estudantes, aplicado no início e ao final das atividades; entrevistas semiestruturadas com esses mesmos estudantes; e registros de uma das pesquisadoras em seu diário de bordo. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo de estratégias metacognitivas de leitura se revela pertinente na medida em que possibilita aos estudantes um processo de tomada de consciência sobre seus próprios conhecimentos, oportuniza planejar e avaliar as ações visando atingir o objetivo de compreensão do texto, além de propiciar o envolvimento dos estudantes com a atividade de leitura e com a aprendizagem dos conhecimentos específicos em discussão.
História e Filosofia da Ciência e sua (não) presença na Base Nacional Comum para a Formação de Professores (BNC-Formação)
Authors: Siqueira Rafael Moreira , Pinheiro Laiza Ribeiro
Published: August 2022

Neste estudo discutimos sobre a inserção da História e Filosofia das Ciências (HFC) nas novas diretrizes curriculares nacionais (DCN) para a formação de professores e na atual Base Nacional Comum da Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (BNC-Formação), aprovadas em dezembro de 2019 com o objetivo de promover mudanças, supostamente necessárias, na formação inicial dos professores nos diferentes sistemas de ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter documental, em que, por meio da metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo (AC), buscamos identificar de que forma a HFC é inserida na Resolução CNE/CP nº 2/2019, que definiu e instituiu as novas DCN e a BNC-Formação, analisando trechos do documento que possam apresentar traços de sua possível presença de acordo com as categorias analíticas desenhadas para a pesquisa. Para fundamentar o debate deste artigo, inicialmente abordamos sobre a inclusão da HFC em programas de Ensino de Ciências e de formação de professores de Ciências e, em seguida, descrevemos o contexto de formulação, as exigências normativas, a estrutura e o conteúdo da resolução. Os resultados obtidos em nossa pesquisa indicaram que há poucas menções da História e Filosofia das Ciências no documento analisado, nos quais os registros encontrados, em sua maioria, aparecem como parte das competências e habilidades e estão relacionados ao papel social e cultural da ciência. Com discussões rasas, práticas e superficiais, concluímos que há uma não-presença da HFC no documento, com severas lacunas que podem impossibilitar uma formação crítica dos educadores e de seus educandos.
IMPROVING THE BASIC MOVEMENT OF BACK BOLSTERS USING THE TPACK-BASED PBL MODEL FOR GRADE V STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI SIEM, ACEH BESAR DISTRICT
Authors: Alazzraq Ali Salim Ali , Pranata Didi Yudha , Khairulrijal Khairulrijal
Published: August 2022

Physical education, health and sports is a very complete subject because it is able to develop all aspects that exist in students. Elementary school students are students who must be well shaped by all aspects that exist in themselves, namely aspects of skills, social, emotional and personality. However, at SD Negeri Siem, in class V, there is a problem, namely the back roll material. The problem that arises is in the aspect of student skills, students have not been able to do a back roll well. Based on the existing problems, an idea was born as a solution to the problem, namely Improving the Back Rolling Basic Motion Using the TPACK-based PBL model for Class V students of SD Negeri Siem, Aceh Besar District. The formulation of the problem is as follows; Can the TPACK-based PBL model improve the basic back bladder movement for Class V students at SD Negeri Siem, Aceh Besar District? The purpose of this study was to find out that the TPACK-based PBL model could improve the basic movements of the back bladder for fifth graders at SD Negeri Siem, Aceh Besar District. This research uses classroom action research method. The results of this study, namely in Cycle I, it was known that the number of students was 26 people with a total score of 1775, the average value of students was 68.27 with the highest score of 80 and the lowest score of 50. 50%) and 13 people (50%) who did not complete it. And the second cycle is known that the number of students as many as 26 people with a total score of 1985, the average value of students is 76.35 with the highest score of 90 and the lowest score of 50. So it can be seen also that the students who completed are 24 people (92.31% ) and 2 people who did not complete it (7.69%). The conclusion is that the TPACK-Based PBL Model can improve the basic movements of the back bladder for Class V students of SD Negeri Siem, Aceh Besar District.
Shaking the Leaves of Identity
Authors: Kantlaht’ant Elm Rosalyn , Bandara Janaki
Published: August 2022

This article seeks to present a study of gender and sexuality based on an Indigenous and theologically interpreted understanding of ourselves, wonderfully made by God, who formed our inward parts and knit us together in our mother’s wombs. If we understand personhood in general and gender in particular to be a matter of lived experience rather than merely a matter of physicality, biology, and physiology, then our hearts and our spirits can be open to experiencing all people as Creator made them rather than through very limiting, merely mortal definitions. This article accesses the lived experience of Anglican Archdeacon Venerable Rosalyn Kantlaht’ant Elm, born of the Oneida Nation, Bear Clan, whose name Kantlaht’ant means “One who Shakes the Leaves,” and who is identified by the Haudenosaunee term laksá. The concept of the Resurrection Body from Pauline scripture and a traditional hermeneutical lens are used to affirm that all that Creator makes has been, is, and always shall be glorious.
مسئلۂ تکفیر۔ امام ابن تیمیہؒ کے افکار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Authors: Mughal Dr. Hafiz Noman Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Takfir means to name a person Kafir because of his beliefs in the light of Islamic terminology. Nowadays, there are some militant Jihadist organizations in all over the world who have misinterpreted the Fatwas of Ibn-e-Taymiyyah (1263-1328) and have started to wreck the people and their properties violently. They carry out their armed activities in the name of Islamic Jihad against Muslim public and authorities, imposing the fatwa of disbelief (Kufr) on them, declaring them obligatory to kill. According to these movements the prevailing democratic system and governments in Muslim countries are representative of disbelief instead of Islamic system, therefore it is necessary to eliminate all those people who support this system and also this system through Jihad. In order to achieve these goals, they carry out armed operations against Muslims based on few Fatwas of Ibn-e-Taymiyyah, especially Mardin Fatwa, calling Muslims infidels and the political system a tyrant and do not even refrain from suicide attacks. So it’s need of the hour to understand the real soul of Ibn-e-Taymiyyah’s religion interpretations study to the core of his Fatwas regarding Takfir.
Homosexuality and its Interventions (Intersectional, liberal, biological, Religious)
Authors: Saeed Omer Farooq , Abbas Muhammad Zain
Published: August 2022

Homosexuality is not just a matter of personal feelings. It has an impact on human individualism, behaviour, family system and public health. The structure of the human community and its norms has been affected. Early from history, the sexual orientation of developing children had been directed by the parental, cultural and religious nourishment.
In this article, we placed out four important interventions on homosexuality. These are intersection, liberalism, biology, and religion. The intersectional analysis put light on the inclination of impetus and expression of the act of which the latter is placed at the stake of critique. The comparison of freedom of expression of human psychosocial behaviours is under talk in liberal analysis. We alert the nation, especially the young people and their parents on the biological and psychological health dangers inherent in adopting a lesbian, gay, queer, bisexual, or transgender identity. The rulings of religions including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam vary from escape path to following the divine commandants that are obvious in restriction of expression of homoeroticism.
THE FACTUAL NOTION OF WOMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM: A STUDY OF PAKISTANI SOCIETY
Authors: Rustam Iqra , Rizwan Muhammad , Bibi Sundas
Published: August 2022

Islam considers both man and woman equal in practicing their deeds; even women, in many ways, are being treated in more respectable manner. However, like most of the under developed societies, in Pakistan women rights are usually maltreated by the dominating male majority of the society. Present study will try to answer that how in spite of religious barriers, a woman is often treated as a second class citizen of the society? How constitutional guarantees have often been overlooked? Above all how this culture may change in the light of Islamic injunctions? By using mainly qualitative method of research and with the help of both primary and secondary sources including Quran, Hadith, Constitution of Pakistan and other related books and journals etc, it is an attempt to analyze the status of Pakistani women in the light of Islam. With the spread of education and awareness, the practicing deeds are reflecting the desired values to some extent if not greater. Islam which provides an inspirational power to mold the public opinion have often been neglected to provide the women their due rights. In point of fact, negation of true Islamic injunctions along with constitution which reflects the same picture as Islam do is the main cause of misconceptions prevailing in Pakistani society.
عہد نبوی میں غیرآباد زمینوں کی تقسیم اور آباد کاری، موجودہ مسائل کی روشنی میں خصوصی مطالعہ
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad Abubakar Siddique
Published: August 2022

Resettlement of uninhabited or uncultivated lands means utilizing the land resources of the state which are not being used for any purpose. Such lands should be made cultivable or used for a purpose which is in the best interest of the state or the people.
Modern approaches about better use of land resources are emerging in modern times. The question arises as to what instructions Islam has given regarding the settlement of lands?
The principles and rules derived from the biography of the Prophet (S.A.W.) are important among the guidelines of Islam regarding the better use of lands in the sense that it was the best and purest form of Islamic teachings. The present research contains numerous articles on Islamic teachings on better use of land, but no special study of Sirah has been presented. This study presents a special study of Sira on the above subject.
This study concludes that special measures were taken for resettlement of uninhabited lands during the Prophet's time. In view of the public needs, these lands were utilized for the betterment of the society.
HONORED AND EMPOWERED WOMEN: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Raja Dr. Bushra Inayat , Haider Waqas Ali
Published: August 2022

The under representation of women in senior management positions is well recognized globally and locally. Research on the factors affecting women’s career progression has been proceeding continuously over the years and there is a significant literature regarding this issue. Different studies focus on similar factors held responsible for women’s lack of progress to senior positions across nations and societies. In the Islamic perspective there is a perception that Islam does not allow Muslim women to participate in different activities. Is does so? Based on the literature review this paper provides a brief account of the position of Muslim women from a religious perspective based on original and authentic sources in Islam. This aims to provide an analysis of the teachings of Islam regarding the role of women in society. We have come to the Conclusion in this article that during the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) women were engaged in Islamic and economic activities and Islam has honored and empowered women in all spheres of life. This paper also provides examples of remarkable Muslim women leaders of that time and since.
اسلامی تصور معاد اور انسانی زندگی پر اس کے اثرات کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Ud Din Dr. Zia , Bacha Shah Room , Ur Rahman Shakeel
Published: August 2022

The Doctrine of Eschatology has always been the core issue among world religions. The Concept of Resurrection, being essential element of the doctrine of Eschatology, had been expounded by world religions in different way. Some are of the view that there is no resurrection at all, while other perceives it as reunion of soul and body after death and transmigration of soul as per actions being performed in previous life. The aim of research study is to expound the concept of belief in resurrection and its impact on human life. Various Textual and empirical evidences are analyzed to comprehend the concept of resurrection and its necessity. It is found that Islamic teachings have discussed the doctrine of resurrection in detail. Since Allah SWT is the Omnipotent, so it is not difficult for Him to reunite the segregated soul and flesh, as He created it from non-existence. The study showed that behavior, attitude, and actions of those who believe and of those who don’t believe in doctrine of resurrection are quite different. It is concluded that belief in resurrection makes human as a responsible being, consequently, his/her actions and attitude creates a positive impact on his/her behavior towards others and by large on humanity as well. Contrary to this, the actions of those who don’t believe in resurrection results negative impact on human behavior and actions.
Obesidad. Un análisis desde la perspectiva médico-pedagógica
Authors: Alexander Cedeño Yubber
Published: August 2022

La obesidad está asociada a dificultades con la regulación de la energía que conlleva exceso de peso corporal, cuyo incremento puede constituirse en un complejo problema de salud. En la actualidad la obesidad tiene una alta incidencia a nivel internacional como factor de riesgo de diversas enfermedades en el hombre, de ahí que sea un tema de interés de investigadores, médicos, educadores, higienistas y población en general. Debido a su gran complejidad como problema de salud, es necesario abordar la obesidad desde una perspectiva intersectorial para lograr mayor eficacia en la prevención de la enfermedad y la efectividad de las acciones de promoción de salud. En el presente trabajo se propone como objetivo, fundamentar una estrategia médico-pedagógica para fortalecer las capacidades de las instituciones y de la población con la finalidad de elevar la cultura para la salud en relación con la obesidad, sus causas, daños a la salud y el conocimiento de las medidas para minimizar su impacto. Desde esta perspectiva, se profundiza en la teoría y en la práctica para diseñar estrategias que complementen la integración de acciones sanitarias educativas en el enfrentamiento de la obesidad.
Sources and processes of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic aerosol in cold season in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Sun Yele , Chen Chun , You Bo , Du Aodong , Xu Weiqi , Li Yan , Li Zhijie , Lei Lu , Zhou Wei , Sun Jiaxing , Qiu Yanmei , Wei Lianfang , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Water-soluble and water-insoluble organic aerosol (WSOA and WIOA) constitute a large fraction of fine particles in winter in northern China, yet our understanding of their sources and processes are still limited. Here we have a comprehensive characterization of WSOA in cold season in Beijing. Particularly, we present the first mass spectral characterization of WIOA by integrating online and offline organic aerosol measurements from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer. Our results showed that WSOA on average accounted for 59 % of the total OA and comprised dominantly secondary OA (SOA, 69 %). The WSOA composition showed significant changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. While the photochemical-related SOA dominated WSOA (51 %) in early November, the oxidized SOA from biomass burning increased substantially from
8 % to 29 % during the heating season. Comparatively, local primary OA dominantly from cooking aerosol contributed the major fraction of WSOA during clean periods. WIOA showed largely different spectral patterns from WSOA which were characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series and low oxygen-to-carbon (O/C = 0.19) and organic mass-to-organic carbon (OM/OC = 1.39) ratios. The nighttime WIOA showed less oxidized properties (O/C = 0.16 vs. 0.24) with more pronounced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) signals than daytime, indicating the impacts of enhanced coal combustion emissions on WIOA. The evolution process of WSOA and WIOA was further demonstrated by the triangle plot of f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA) vs. f43, f44 vs. f60, and the Van Krevelen diagram (H/C vs. O/C). We also found more oxidized WSOA and an increased contribution of SOA in WSOA compared with previous winter studies in Beijing, indicating that the changes in OA composition due to clean air act have affected the sources and properties of WSOA.
Quality Assessment of Meta-Analyses on Soil Organic Carbon
Authors: Fohrafellner Julia , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Murugan Rajasekaran , Valkama Elena
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle and is a potential sink for carbon dioxide. Agricultural management practices can support carbon sequestration and therefore offer potential removal strategies, whilst improving overall soil quality. Meta-analysis allows to summarize results from primary articles by calculating an overall effect size and hence to reveal the source of variation across studies. The number of meta-analyses published in the field of agriculture is continuously rising. At the same time, more and more articles refer to their synthesis work as a meta-analysis, despite applying less than rigorous methodologies. As a result, poor quality meta-analyses are published, which may lead to questionable conclusions and recommendations to scientists, policymakers and farmers. This study aims at quantitatively analyzing 31 meta-analyses, published between the years 2005–2020, studying the effects of different management practices on SOC. We compiled a quality criteria-set, suitable for soil and agricultural sciences, by adapting existing meta-analytical guidelines from other disciplines. The set is supported by a scoring scheme, which allows a quantitative analysis. The retrieved meta-analyses were structured according to 11 management categories, such as tillage, cover crops, residue management, biochar application etc., which allowed us to assess the state-of-knowledge on these categories. Major deficiencies were found in the use of standard metrics for effect size calculation, independence of effect sizes, standard deviation extraction for each study and weighting by the inverse of variance. Only one out of 31 SOC meta-analyses, which studied the effects of no-till/reduced tillage compared to conventional tillage, was found to be of high quality. Therefore, improved meta-analyses on the effects of e.g., organic agriculture, biochar, fertilization or crop diversification on SOC are urgently needed. We conclude that, despite the efforts over the last 15 years, the quality of meta-analyses on SOC research is still low. In order for the scientific community to provide high quality synthesis work and to make advancements in the sustainable management of agricultural soils, we need to adapt rigorous methodologies of meta-analysis as quickly as possible.
Mid-Holocene reinforcement of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation variability from a western Baltic lake sediment record
Authors: Czymzik Markus , Tjallingii Rik , Plessen Birgit , Feldens Peter , Theuerkauf Martin , Moros Matthias , Schwab Markus J. , Nantke Carla K. M. , Pinkerneil Silvia , Brauer Achim , Arz Helge W.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Knowledge about timing, amplitude and spatial gradients of Holocene environmental variability in the Circum-Baltic region is key to understand its responses to ongoing climate change. Based on a multi-dating and proxy approach, we reconstruct changes in productivity from TOC contents in sediments of Lake Kälksjön (KKJ) in west-central Sweden spanning the last 9612 (+255/-144) years. An exception is the period from AD 1878 until today, in which sedimentation was dominated by anthropogenic lake level lowering and land use. In-lake productivity was higher during periods of warmer winters with shortened ice cover and prolonged growing seasons. A multi-millennial increase in productivity throughout the last ~9600 years is associated with progressively warmer winters in north-western Europe, likely triggered by the coinciding increase in Northern Hemisphere winter insolation. Decadal to centennial periods of higher productivity in KKJ correspond to warmer winters during a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) polarity, as reconstructed for the last 5200 years. In consequence, we assume our decadal to centennial productivity record from KKJ sediments for the complete ~9600 years to provide a qualitative record of NAO polarity. A shift towards higher productivity variability at ~5450 cal. a BP is hypothesized to reflect a reinforcement of NAO-like atmospheric circulation variability, possibly driven by more vigorous changes in North Atlantic deep water formation.
GEB v0.1: A large-scale agent-based socio-hydrological model – simulating 10 million individual farming households in a fully distributed hydrological model
Authors: de Bruijn Jens A. , Smilovic Mikhail , Burek Peter , Guillaumot Luca , Wada Yoshihide , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Humans play a large role in the hydrological system; for example, by extracting large amounts of water for irrigation, often resulting in water stress and ecosystem degradation. By implementing large-scale adaptation measures, such as the construction of irrigation reservoirs, water stress and ecosystem degradation can be reduced. Yet we know that many decisions, such as the adoption of more effective irrigation techniques or changing crop types, are made at the farm level by a heterogeneous farmer population. While these decisions are often advantageous for an individual farmer or their community, detrimental effects are frequently experienced downstream. Therefore, to fully comprehend how the human-natural water system evolves over time and space, and to explore which interventions are suitable to reduce water stress, it is important to consider human behaviour and feedbacks to the hydrological system simultaneously at the local household and large basin scales. Therefore, we present the Geographical, Environmental and Behavioural model (GEB), a coupled agent-based hydrological model that simulates the behaviour and daily bi-directional interaction of up to ~10 million individual farm households with the hydrological system on a personal laptop. GEB is dynamically linked with the spatially distributed grid-based hydrological model CWatM at 30’’ resolution (< 1 km at the equator). Because many small-holder farmer fields are much smaller than 1×1 km, CWatM was specifically adapted to implement dynamically sized hydrological response units (HRUs) at the farm level, providing each agent with an independently operated hydrological environment. While the model could be applied globally, we explore its implementation in the heavily managed Krishna basin in India, which encompasses ~8 % of India’s land area and ~11.1 million farmers. Here, we show how six combinations of storylines with endogenous and exogenous drivers of adaptation affect both the hydrological system and the farmer population.
Formation and geophysical character of transitional crust at the passive continental margin around Walvis Ridge, Namibia
Authors: Franz Gesa , Jegen Marion , Moorkamp Max , Berndt Christian , Rabbel Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. When interpreting geophysical models, we need to establish a link between the models’ physical parameters and geological units. To define these connections, it is crucial to consider and compare geophysical models with multiple, independent parameters. Particularly in complex geological scenarios, such as the rifted passive margin offshore Namibia, multi-parameter analysis and joint inversion are key techniques for comprehensive geological inferences. The models resulting from joint inversion enable the definition of specific parameter combinations, which can then be ascribed to geological units. Here we perform a user-unbiased clustering analysis of the parameters electrical resistivity and density from two models derived in a joint inversion along the Namibian passive margin. We link the resulting parameter combinations to break-up related lithology, and infer the history of margin formation. This analysis enables us to clearly differentiate two types of sediment cover. Namely, one of near-shore, thick, clastic sediments, and a second one of further offshore located, more biogenic, marine sediments. Furthermore, we clearly identify areas of interlayered massive, and weathered volcanic flows, which are usually only identified in reflection seismic studies as seaward dipping reflectors. Lastly, we find a distinct difference in the signature of the transitional crust south of- and along the supposed hot-spot track Walvis Ridge. We ascribe this contrast to an increase in magmatic activity above the volcanic centre along Walvis Ridge, and potentially a change in melt sources or depth of melting. This characterizes a rift-related southern complex, and a plume-driven Walvis Ridge regime. All of these observations demonstrate the importance of multi-parameter geophysical analysis for large-scale geological interpretations. Furthermore, our results may improve future joint inversions using direct parameter coupling, by providing a guideline for the complex passive margins parameter correlations.
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity functions in karst regions by particle swarm optimization with application to lake Vrana, Croatia
Authors: Travaš Vanja , Zaharija Luka , Stipanić Davor , Družeta Siniša
Published: August 2022

Abstract. To examine the effectiveness of various technical solutions for minimizing the adverse effects of salt water intrusion in lake Vrana, Croatia, a reliable mathematical model for describing the exchange of fresh and salt water between the lake and its surroundings is needed. For this purpose, a system of two ordinary and nonlinear differential equation is used. The variable coefficients represents hydraulic conductivity functions that are used to quantify groundwater flow and should be appropriately estimated by relying on data obtained by in situ measurements. In the abstract space of all possible hydraulic conductivity functions, the method of particle swarm optimization was used to search for functions which will minimize the difference between the predicted (modeled) and realized (measured) water surface elevation in the lake through the time span of 5 years (which includes relevant hydrological extremes – droughts and floods). The associated procedure requires the parameterization of conductivity functions which will define the number of dimensions of the search space. Although the considered mass exchange processes are significantly nonlinear, and the parametrization of hydraulic conductivity functions can define a search space with relatively large number of dimensions (60 dimensions were used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity functions of Vrana lake), the presented example confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Landsat, MODIS, and VIIRS snow cover mapping algorithm performance as validated by airborne lidar datasets
Authors: Stillinger Timbo , Rittger Karl , Raleigh Mark S. , Michell Alex , Davis Robert E. , Bair Edward H.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Snow cover mapping algorithms utilizing multispectral satellite data at various spatial resolutions are available, each treating subpixel variation differently. Past evaluations of snow mapping accuracy typically relied on satellite data collected at a higher spatial resolution than the data in question. However, these optical data cannot characterize snow cover mapping performance under forest canopies or at the meter scale. Here, we use 3 m spatial resolution snow depth maps collected on 116 days by an aerial laser scanner to validate band ratio and spectral mixture snow cover mapping algorithms. Such a comprehensive evaluation of sub-canopy snow mapping performance has not been undertaken previously. The following standard (produced operationally by an agency) products are evaluated: NASA gap-filled Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD10A1F, NASA gap-filled Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) VNP10A1F, and USGS Landsat 8 Level-3 Fractional Snow Covered Area. Two spectral unmixing approaches are also evaluated: Snow Covered Area and Grain size (SCAG) and Snow Property Inversion from Remote Sensing (SPIReS), both of which are gap-filled MODIS products and are also run on Landsat 8. We assess subpixel snow mapping performance while considering the fractional snow covered area (fSCA), canopy cover, sensor zenith angle, and other variables within six global seasonal snow classes. Metrics are calculated at the pixel and basin scales, including the root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias, and F statistic (a detection measure). The newer MOD10A1F Version 61 and VNP10A1F Version 1 product biases (-7.1 %, -9.5 %) improve significantly when linear equations developed for older products are applied (2.8 %, -2.7 %) to convert band ratios to fSCA. The F statistics are unchanged (94.4 %, 93.1 %) and the VNP10A1F RMSE improves (18.6 % to 15.7 %) while the MOD10A1F RMSE worsens (12.7 % to 13.7 %). Consistent with previous studies, spectral mixture approaches (SCAG, SPIReS) show lower biases (-0.1 %, -0.1 %) and RMSE (12.1 %,12.0 %), with higher F statistics (95.6 %, 96.1 %) relative to the band ratio approaches for MODIS. Landsat 8 products are all spectral mixture methods with low biases (-0.4 to 0.3 %), low RMSE (11.4 to 15.8 %), and high F statistics (97.3 to 99.1 %). Spectral unmixing methods can improve snow cover mapping at the global scale.
Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: YILDIRIM Kasım , ÇAĞLAYAN Savaş
Published: August 2022

Kültürel farklılıkları bilme ve anlama, yaşam kalitesi ve sosyal kültürel iyi oluş hali için çok önemlidir. Çünkü bu süreç farklı kültürlerden insanların kültürlerarası diyalog vasıtası ile toplumsal anlama ve kabul perspektifinin gelişimine katkıda bulunmalarına yardımcı olur. Bu kültürlerarası anlamayı geliştirmek için gerekli olan becerilerden birisi de kültürlerarası duyarlılıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kültürlerarası duyarlılık ölçeğinin Türkçe diline uyarlamasına yönelik geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışmalarını gerçekleştirmektir. Faktör analizi ve güvenirlik çalışmaları için 375 üniversite öğrencisinden veri toplanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda 35 maddeden oluşan altı faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Uyarlanan ölçme aracının iç tutarlılık katsayısı tüm ölçek için .82 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin alt faktörlerine ilişkin güvenirlik değerlerinin .50 ve .69 arasında değiştiği görülmektedir. Güvenirlilikle ilgili çok yüksek değerler ortaya çıkmamasına rağmen ölçeğin alt faktörlerine ilişkin güvenirlilik değerlerin kabul edilebilir sınırlarda olduğu ifade edilebilir. Başka bir deyişle ölçekteki maddelerin birbirleriyle ilişkili (homojen) olduğu ve aynı yapıyı ölçtüğü söylenebilir. Bunun yanında yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden elde edilen uyum iyilik değerleri (CFI, TLI, RMSA, SRMR) uyarlanan ölçeğin bu yapıda Türkçe dili kontekstinde de kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Sosyal Bilişim Perspektifinden Bireyselleşme ve Yalnızlaşma Sorunu Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: BÜYÜKBİNGÖL Abdulkadir
Published: August 2022

Determinist yaklaşım, toplumların, kullandıkları teknolojiler tarafından belirlendiklerini ifade etmektedir. Dijital toplum kavramı, birinci endüstri devriminden itibaren teknolojilerin, söz konusu etkiyi giderek arttırmasının bir göstergesidir. Günümüzde dijital bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri artık toplumsal yapının bir elementi haline geldiği düşünülebilir. Bu teknolojinin toplumsal iletişim ve etkileşiminde kullanılması, kültürel yapının buna göre şekillenmesini getirmektedir. Buna karşın sanayi devrimlerinin birey ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri de devam etmektedir. Bireyselleşme ve yalnızlaşma bu sorunlardandır. Toplumdan kopmadan toplumsallaşmanın bir yolu olarak da alınabilen bireysellikte, davranışların yalnızlaşmayla sonuçlanması, toplumsal bir varlık olan insanda psikolojik ve sosyolojik travmalara sebep olabilmektedir. Özellikle yaşlı nüfusun olumsuz etkilendiği yalnızlaşmaya karşı bir takım çözümlerin sunulması, bu travmaların engellenebileceği saikiyle önem arz etmektedir. Hali hazırdaki çalışmada, yalnızlaşmaya götüren bir süreç olarak olumsuz bireyselleşme bir sorun olarak algılanmakta ve bu sorunun çözümleri üzerinde durulmaktır. Literatür taraması yöntemiyle araştırılan konu kapsamında ulaşılan veriler nitel yaklaşım sınırları içinde kavramsal bir bütün oluşturacak şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ulaşılan sonuca göre içinde bulunduğumuz bilgi toplumundan bir sonraki aşama olduğu kaydedilen ve inşa edilmiş bir teknolojik toplum olarak tarif edilen Toplum 5.0’da, sosyal bilişim (social informatics) biliminden destek alınarak yalnızlaşmaya karşı bir takım çözümlerin geliştirilebildiği tespit edilmiştir. Dijital teknolojilerin sunduğu olanaklarla bu çözümlerin uygulanması durumunda, genç ve yaşlı nüfus, bir arada, kabiliyetlerine uygun olarak istedikleri biçimlerde ekonomik ve sosyal etkinliklerde bulunabilmektedir. Belirli işbirlikleri çerçevesinde gerçekleşen bu faaliyetler, hem sosyal hem de ekonomik olarak kümülatif bir değere dönüşebilmektedir. Böylece bireysel davranışlar yalnızlaşmaya götüren bir eylem olmaktan çıktığı gibi olası sosyal ve psikolojik travmaların da önüne geçilebilir.