bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview on the Use of Artificial Lighting for Sustainable Lettuce and Microgreens Production in an Indoor Vertical Farming System
Authors: Budavári Noémi , Pék Zoltán , Helyes Lajos , Takács Sándor , Nemeskéri Eszter
Published: September 2024

With the global population projected to reach 8.6 billion by 2050 and urbanization on the rise, sustainable food production in cities becomes imperative. Vertical farming presents a promising solution to meet this challenge by utilizing space-efficient, controlled-environment agriculture techniques. In a vertical farming system, high quality, high nutritional value products can be produced with minimum water consumption, using LEDs as energy-efficient light sources. Microgreens are a new market category of vegetables among sprouts and baby leaf greens. The most critical challenge in their cultivation is the choice of growing medium, lighting, and light spectrum, which affect photosynthesis, plant growth, and yield. This review explores various cultivation methods, including hydroponics, within the context of vertical farming. Using current research, it investigates the effect of LED lighting on the physiological properties and growth of microgreens and baby leaf lettuce, but further research is needed to determine the response of the varieties and the optimal light spectrum ratios to meet their needs.
Screening 60Co-γ Irradiated Camellia oleifera Lines for Anthracnose-Resistant
Authors: Shen Jiancai , Xun Chengfeng , Ma Xiaofan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Zhen , He Zhilong , He Yimin , Yang Dayu , Lai Hanggui , Wang Rui , Chen Yongzhong
Published: September 2024

Camellia oleifera C. Abel is a woody oil crop with multiple purposes. This study aims to investigate the mutagenic effects of 60Co-γ radiation on C. oleifera seedlings and to screen anthracnose-resistant mutants. Two C. oleifera varieties were investigated: ‘Xianglin 1’ (XL1) and ‘Xianglin 210’ (XL210). Seeds were irradiated with 0 Gy, 30 Gy, 50 Gy, and 80 Gy of 60Co-γ, and after one year of planting, the mutagenic lines were studied, and disease-resistant mutants were screened. Results showed that as the radiation intensity was increased, the emergence percentage of both C. oleifera XL210 and XL1 was significantly decreased. Radiation significantly changed the SOD and POD activities in both varieties. Furthermore, 80 Gy irradiated lines showed reduced anthracnose resistance in both varieties. However, 50 Gy irradiated lines showed enhanced disease resistance in XL210 while reducing it in XL1. The 30 Gy irradiated lines did not affect the disease resistance of either variety. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection tests were conducted on 94 mutant C. oleifera seedlings, resulting in 8 highly resistant mutants (A3, A8, A10, A19, A21, A32, A35, B17) and 3 susceptible mutants (A4, B15, B27) in XL210 and XL1. Differences in SOD and POD activities led to variations in disease resistance among different mutants. Additionally, the expression levels of CoSOD1, CoPOD, CoIDD4, and CoWKRY78 were varied among the different mutants. This study delivers the screening of disease-resistant mutants in C. oleifera through mutagenic breeding, providing material for the development of new C. oleifera varieties and serving as a resource for further research in mutagenic breeding.
Concentrations of F−, Na+, and K+ in Groundwater before and after an Earthquake: A Case Study on Tenerife Island, Spain
Authors: de Miguel-García Eduardo , Gómez-González José Francisco
Published: September 2024

Freshwater, vital for life and ecosystems, accounts for only 2.5% of Earth’s water, and is primarily located in polar caps, underground reservoirs, and surface water. Its quality varies due to environmental interactions, especially in groundwater. Tenerife, located in the Canary Islands, Spain, relies mainly on underground aquifers and tunnels capturing 51.6 cubic hectometers annually. Ensuring safe drinking water is a global challenge due to health risks from poor water quality, including diseases and cancer. Fluoride, sodium, and potassium are essential for health, and are mainly derived from groundwater as fluoride ions (F−) and sodium and potassium cations (Na+, K+). However, excessive F−, Na+, and K+ in drinking water is harmful. The World Health Organization limits F− to 1.5 mg/L, Na+ to 8.70 meq/L, and K+ to 0.31 meq/L. Geological, climatic, and human factors control the presence and transport of F−, Na+, and K+ in groundwater. Seismic events can impact water quality, with long-term effects linked to aquifer structure and transient effects from gas and fluid expansion during earthquakes. This study was motivated by a 3.8 mbLg earthquake in Tenerife in 2012, which allowed its impact on groundwater quality, specifically F−, Na+, and K− concentrations, to be examined. Post-earthquake, F− levels alarmingly increased to 8.367 meq/L, while Na+ and K+ showed no significant changes. This research quantifies the influence of earthquakes on increasing F− levels and evaluates F− reduction during low seismic activity, emphasizing the importance of water management on volcanic islands.
Experiences Accessing Health and Social Services during and after Natural Disasters among People Who Use Drugs in Houston, Texas
Authors: Paquette Catherine E. , Danns Tasia , Bordeaux Margaret , Cullins Zaire , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren
Published: September 2024

People who use drugs (PWUD) disproportionately experience health-related and social vulnerabilities, which may affect service needs and access during and after natural disasters. We conducted qualitative interviews with N = 18 PWUD recruited via a syringe services program in Houston, Texas. We assessed their health and social service needs, as well as related service access experiences, during and after natural disasters using a combined inductive–deductive approach. Participants described a range of service-related needs related to illicit drug use, poverty, neighborhood disadvantage, acute and chronic health problems, and housing insecurity. They endorsed decreased access to medical and substance-related services and difficulty accessing disaster relief aid. Interviews highlighted the importance of mutual aid for sharing harm reduction supplies and meeting practical needs. Results suggest that some PWUD experience disproportionate vulnerability after natural disasters related to multiple marginalized identities that intersect with illicit drug use.
Renoprotective Effects of Daprodustat in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Anemia
Authors: Shimada Yoshitaka , Izumi Yuichiro , Yasuoka Yukiko , Oshima Tomomi , Nagaba Yasushi , Nanami Masayoshi , Sands Jeff M. , Takahashi Noriko , Kawahara Katsumasa , Nonoguchi Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Many large-scale studies revealed that exogenous erythropoietin, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, have no renoprotective effects. We reported the renoprotective effects of endogenous erythropoietin production on renal function in ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) of the kidney using the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor, Roxadustat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daprodustat on the progression of chronic renal failure. We retrospectively investigated the effects of daprodustat on the progression of chronic renal failure and renal anemia in patients with stages 3a-5 chronic kidney diseases (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The results show that daprodustat largely slowed the reduction in eGFR. The recovery of renal function was observed in some patients. Daprodustat is useful not only for renal anemia but also for the preservation of renal function. The renoprotective effect of daprodustat was small in patients with serum creatinine larger than 3–4 mg/dL because of low residual renal function. The appearance of renal anemia would be a sign of the time to start using daprodustat.
Genetic and Environmental Factors Co-Contributing to Behavioral Abnormalities in adnp/adnp2 Mutant Zebrafish
Authors: Wang Yongxin , Sun Xiaoyun , Xiong Bo , Duan Ming , Sun Yuhua
Published: September 2024

Human mutations of ADNP and ADNP2 are known to be associated with neural developmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we generated adnp and adnp2 mutant zebrafish models, which exhibited developmental delays, brain deficits, and core behavioral features of NDDs. RNA sequencing analysis of adnpa−/−; adnpb−/− and adnp2a−/−; adnp2b−/− larval brains revealed altered gene expression profiles affecting synaptic transmission, autophagy, apoptosis, microtubule dynamics, hormone signaling, and circadian rhythm regulation. Validation using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) corroborated these findings, supporting the RNA-seq results. Additionally, loss of adnp and adnp2 resulted in significant downregulation of pan-neuronal HuC and neuronal fiber network α-Tubulin signals. Importantly, prolonged low-dose exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) aggravated behavioral abnormalities in adnp and adnp2 mutants. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of the complex interplay between genetic mutations and environmental factors in NDDs. Our findings provide novel insights and experimental foundations into the roles of adnp and adnp2 in neurodevelopment and behavioral regulation, offering a framework for future preclinical drug screening aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of NDDs and related conditions.
Transcription Factor VlbZIP14 Inhibits Postharvest Grape Berry Abscission by Directly Activating VlCOMT and Promoting Lignin Biosynthesis
Authors: Yu Peng , Li Songqi , Sun Yadan , Meng Xiangxuan , Shi Qiaofang , Zhao Xiaochun , Yu Yihe
Published: September 2024

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the most effective preservative for table grapes as it reduces the respiratory intensity of berries and inhibits mold growth. However, excessive SO2 causes berry abscission during storage, resulting in an economic loss postharvest. In this study, grapes were exogenously treated with SO2, SO2 + 1.5% chitosan, SO2 + 1.5% eugenol, and SO2 + eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SN). In comparison to SO2 treatment, SN treatment reduced the berries’ abscission rate by 74% while maintaining the quality of the berries. Among the treatments, SN treatment most effectively inhibited berry abscission and maintained berry quality. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that SN treatment promoted the expression of genes related to cell wall metabolism. Among these genes, VlCOMT was detected as the central gene, playing a key role in mediating the effects of SN. Dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays demonstrated that VlbZIP14 directly activated VlCOMT by binding to the G-box motif in the latter’s promoter, which then participated in lignin synthesis. Our results provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the SN-mediated inhibition of berry abscission and could be used to improve the commercial value of SO2-treated postharvest table grapes.
Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogels Can Reduce In Vitro Chemokine Expression in Oral Cells
Authors: Wang Lei , dos Santos Sanches Natalia , Panahipour Layla , Imani Atefe , Yao Yili , Zhang Yan , Li Lingli , Gruber Reinhard
Published: September 2024

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), originally proposed to treat multiple sclerosis, is considered to have a spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects that effectively control periodontitis, mainly when applied with a hydrogel delivery system. Chemokine expression by gingival fibroblasts is a significant driver of periodontitis; thus, hydrogel-based strategies to deliver DMF, which in turn dampen chemokine expression, are of potential clinical relevance. To test this approach, we have established a bioassay where chemokine expression is induced by exposing gingival fibroblast to IL1β and TNFα, or with saliva. We show herein that DMF effectively reduced the expression of CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2—and lowered the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK—without affecting cell viability. This observation was confirmed by immunoassays with CXCL8. Consistently, the forced chemokine expression in HSC2 oral squamous epithelial cells was greatly diminished by DMF. To implement our hydrogel-based delivery system, gingival fibroblasts were cocultured with gellan gum hydrogels enriched for DMF. In support of our strategy, DMF-enriched gellan gum hydrogels significantly reduced the forced chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. Our data suggest that DMF exerts its anti-inflammatory activity in periodontal cells when released from gellan gum hydrogels, suggesting a potential clinical relevance to control overshooting chemokine expression under chronic inflammatory conditions.
Precise Insertion of AttB Sequences in Goat Genome Using Enhanced Prime Editor
Authors: Li Aicong , Zhu Zhenliang , Yang Jing , Liu Yayi , Zhang Yong , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

Prime editor, an editing tool based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, allows for all 12 types of nucleotide exchanges and arbitrary indels in genomic sequences without the need for inducing DNA double-strand breaks. Despite its flexibility and precision, prime editing efficiency is still low and hindered by various factors such as target sites, editing types, and the length of the primer binding site. In this study, we developed a prime editing system by incorporating an RNA motif at the 3′ terminal of the pegRNA and integrating all twin prime editor factors into a single plasmid. These two strategies enhanced prime editing efficiency at target sites by up to 3.58-fold and 2.19-fold, respectively. Subsequently, enhanced prime editor was employed in goat cells and embryos to efficiently insert a 38 bp attB sequence into the Gt(ROSA)26Sor (Rosa26) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) loci. The enhanced prime editor can mediate 11.9% and 6.8% editing efficiency in parthenogenetic activation of embryos through embryo microinjection. In summary, our study introduces a modified prime editing system with improved editing and transfection efficiency, making it more suitable for inserting foreign sequences into primary cells and embryos. These results broaden the potential applications of prime editing technologies in the production of transgenic animals.
MicroRNAs in Genitourinary Malignancies: An Exciting Frontier of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Kathuria-Prakash Nikhita , Dave Pranali , Garcia Lizette , Brown Paige , Drakaki Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including prostate, urothelial, kidney, testicular, penile, and adrenocortical cancers, comprise a significant burden of cancers worldwide. While many practice-changing advances have been made in the management of GU malignancies in the last decade, there is still significant room for improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcription gene expression and which have been implicated in multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Therefore, they have the potential to revolutionize personalized cancer therapy, with several ongoing preclinical and clinical studies underway to investigate their efficacy. In this review, we describe the current landscape of miRNAs as diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomarkers of response for GU malignancies, reflecting a novel frontier in cancer treatment.
Lymphocyte T Subsets and Outcome of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Patients: An Oncologist’s Perspective on Current Knowledge
Authors: Martínez-Vila Clara , González-Navarro Europa Azucena , Teixido Cristina , Martin Roberto , Aya Francisco , Juan Manel , Arance Ana
Published: September 2024

Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, and its incidence has been steadily increasing over the past few decades, particularly in the Caucasian population. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), anti-PD-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-CTLA-4, and more recently, anti-PD-1 plus anti-LAG-3 have changed the clinical evolution of this disease. However, a significant percentage of patients do not benefit from these therapies. Therefore, to improve patient selection, it is imperative to look for novel biomarkers. Immune subsets, particularly the quantification of lymphocyte T populations, could contribute to the identification of ICI responders. The main purpose of this review is to thoroughly examine significant published data on the potential role of lymphocyte T subset distribution in peripheral blood (PB) or intratumorally as prognostic and predictive of response biomarkers in advanced melanoma patients treated with ICI regardless of BRAFV600 mutational status.
Genomic Insights into Pseudomonas protegens E1BL2 from Giant Jala Maize: A Novel Bioresource for Sustainable Agriculture and Efficient Management of Fungal Phytopathogens
Authors: De la Vega-Camarillo Esaú , Sotelo-Aguilar Josimar , González-Silva Adilene , Hernández-García Juan Alfredo , Mercado-Flores Yuridia , Villa-Tanaca Lourdes , Hernández-Rodríguez César
Published: September 2024

The relationships between plants and bacteria are essential in agroecosystems and bioinoculant development. The leaf endophytic Pseudomonas protegens E1BL2 was previously isolated from giant Jala maize, which is a native Zea mays landrace of Nayarit, Mexico. Using different Mexican maize landraces, this work evaluated the strain’s plant growth promotion and biocontrol against eight phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Also, a plant field trial was conducted on irrigated fields using the hybrid maize Supremo. The grain productivity in this assay increased compared with the control treatment. The genome analysis of P. protegens E1BL2 showed putative genes involved in metabolite synthesis that facilitated its beneficial roles in plant health and environmental adaptation (bdhA, acoR, trpE, speE, potA); siderophores (ptaA, pchC); and extracellular enzymes relevant for PGPB mechanisms (cel3, chi14), protection against oxidative stress (hscA, htpG), nitrogen metabolism (nirD, nit1, hmpA), inductors of plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR) (flaA, flaG, rffA, rfaP), fungal biocontrol (phlD, prtD, prnD, hcnA-1), pest control (vgrG-1, higB-2, aprE, pslA, ppkA), and the establishment of plant-bacteria symbiosis (pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, exbD). Our findings suggest that P. protegens E1BL2 significantly promotes maize growth and offers biocontrol benefits, which highlights its potential as a bioinoculant.
Gastric Cancer and Intestinal Metaplasia: Differential Metabolic Landscapes and New Pathways to Diagnosis
Authors: Choi Seong Ji , Choi Hyuk Soon , Kim Hyunil , Lee Jae Min , Kim Seung Han , Yoon Jai Hoon , Keum Bora , Kim Hyo Jung , Chun Hoon Jai , Park Youngja H.
Published: September 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early detection is crucial for improving survival rates and treatment outcomes. However, accurate GC-specific biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the metabolic differences between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and GC to determine the pathways involved in GC. A metabolic analysis of IM and tissue samples from 37 patients with GC was conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, 665 and 278 significant features were identified in the aqueous and 278 organic phases, respectively, using false discovery rate analysis, which controls the expected proportion of false positives among the significant results. sPLS-DA revealed a clear separation between IM and GC samples. Steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism were the most significantly altered pathways. The intensity of 11 metabolites, including N1, N2-diacetylspermine, creatine riboside, and N-formylkynurenine, showed significant elevation in more advanced GC. Based on pathway enrichment analysis and cancer stage-specific alterations, we identified six potential candidates as diagnostic biomarkers: aldosterone, N-formylkynurenine, guanosine triphosphate, arginine, S-adenosylmethioninamine, and creatine riboside. These metabolic differences between IM and GC provide valuable insights into gastric carcinogenesis. Further validation is needed to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools and targeted therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with GC.
Cyclodextrin Complexes for the Treatment of Chagas Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Taio Fabrice , Converti Attilio , Lima Ádley Antonini Neves de
Published: September 2024

Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped sugars used as additives in medications to improve solubility, stability, and sensory characteristics. Despite being widespread, Chagas disease is neglected because of the limitations of available medications. This study aims to review the compounds used in the formation of inclusion complexes for the treatment of Chagas disease, analyzing the incorporated compounds and advancements in related studies. The databases consulted include Scielo, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, and Embase. The keywords used were “cyclodextrin AND Chagas AND disease” and “cyclodextrin complex against Trypanosoma cruzi”. Additionally, a statistical analysis of studies on Chagas disease over the last five years was conducted, highlighting the importance of research in this area. This review focused on articles that emphasize how cyclodextrins can improve the bioavailability, therapeutic action, toxicity, and solubility of medications. Initially, 380 articles were identified with the keyword “cyclodextrin AND Chagas disease”; 356 were excluded for not being directly related to the topic, using the keyword “cyclodextrin complex against Trypanosoma cruzi”. Over the last five years, a total of 13,075 studies on Chagas disease treatment were found in our literature analysis. The studies also showed interest in molecules derived from natural products and vegetable oils. Research on cyclodextrins, particularly in the context of Chagas disease treatment, has advanced significantly, with studies highlighting the efficacy of molecules in cyclodextrin complexes and indicating promising advances in disease treatment.
Structural and Phylogenetic In Silico Characterization of Vitis vinifera PRR Protein as Potential Target for Plasmopara viticola Infection
Authors: Martínez-Navarro Sofía M. , de Iceta Soler Xavier , Martínez-Martínez Mónica , Olazábal-Morán Manuel , Santos-Moriano Paloma , Gómez Sara
Published: September 2024

Fungi infection, especially derived from Plasmopara viticola, causes severe grapevine economic losses worldwide. Despite the availability of chemical treatments, looking for eco-friendly ways to control Vitis vinifera infection is gaining much more attention. When a plant is infected, multiple disease-control molecular mechanisms are activated. PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and particularly RLKs (receptor-like kinases) take part in the first barrier of the immune system, and, as a consequence, the kinase signaling cascade is activated, resulting in an immune response. In this context, discovering new lectin-RLK (LecRLK) membrane-bounded proteins has emerged as a promising strategy. The genome-wide localization of potential LecRLKs involved in disease defense was reported in two grapevine varieties of great economic impact: Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. A total of 23 potential amino acid sequences were identified, exhibiting high-sequence homology and evolution related to tandem events. Based on the domain architecture, a carbohydrate specificity ligand assay was conducted with docking, revealing two sequences as candidates for specific Vitis vinifera–Plasmopara viticola host–pathogen interaction. This study confers a starting point for designing new effective antifungal treatments directed at LecRLK targets in Vitis vinifera.
Shell Distribution of Vitamin K3 within Reinforced Electrospun Nanofibers for Improved Photo-Antibacterial Performance
Authors: Gong Wenjian , Wang Meng-Long , Liu Yanan , Yu Deng-Guang , Bligh Sim Wan Annie
Published: September 2024

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has attracted more attention since the outbreak of the epidemic in 2019. Advanced nano techniques, such as electrospinning, can provide new routes for developing novel PPE. However, electrospun antibacterial PPE is not easily obtained. Fibers loaded with photosensitizers prepared using single-fluid electrospinning have a relatively low utilization rate due to the influence of embedding and their inadequate mechanical properties. For this study, monolithic nanofibers and core–shell nanofibers were prepared and compared. Monolithic F1 fibers comprising polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE), and the photo-antibacterial agent vitamin K3 (VK3) were created using a single-fluid blending process. Core–shell F2 nanofibers were prepared using coaxial electrospinning, in which the extensible material PEO was set as the core section, and a composite consisting of PEO, PVA-co-PE, and VK3 was set as the shell section. Both F1 and F2 fibers with the designed structural properties had an average diameter of approximately 1.0 μm, as determined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. VK3 was amorphously dispersed within the polymeric matrices of F1 and F2 fibers in a compatible manner, as revealed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Monolithic F1 fibers had a higher tensile strength of 2.917 ± 0.091 MPa, whereas the core–shell F2 fibers had a longer elongation with a break rate of 194.567 ± 0.091%. Photoreaction tests showed that, with their adjustment, core–shell F2 nanofibers could produce 0.222 μmol/L ·OH upon illumination. F2 fibers had slightly better antibacterial performance than F1 fibers, with inhibition zones of 1.361 ± 0.012 cm and 1.296 ± 0.022 cm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, but with less VK3. The intentional tailoring of the components and compositions of the core–shell nanostructures can improve the process–structure–performance relationship of electrospun nanofibers for potential sunlight-activated antibacterial PPE.
Effect of Motivational Factors on the Use of Integrated Mobility Applications: Behavioral Intentions and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Tae Il Joon , Broillet-Schlesinger Alexandra , Kim Bo Young
Published: September 2024

The digital advancement of “as a service” models has led to the rapid emergence of mozbility as a service (MaaS) in transportation. This study aims to identify the motivational factors used among users of integrated mobility application services and empirically determine their attitudes regarding use and customer loyalty over the long term. To do this, four motivations for using integrated mobility mobile application services—social, habit-congruence, economic, and innovation acceptance—were identified. A total of 311 actual users of integrated mobility app services in South Korea were sampled and analyzed. Social motivation was found to have the greatest impact on positive attitudes and behavioral intentions to use integrated mobility apps. This is followed by habit-congruence motivation, which users perceived as essential for use determination. It was found that active users of integrated mobility apps, who have used them for years, have a positive attitude about them, viewing them as part of a regular transportation system of daily life rather than an innovative service. This study suggests practical implications for integrated mobility applications and service strategies for transportation-related governments and businesses.
Feasibility and Usability of an Occupation-Based Immersive Virtual Reality Protocol for Older Adults
Authors: Benham Sara , Cruz Alexis , Oliva Ashley , Osol Franz , Strona Elizabeth , Kolakowsky-Hayner Stephanie , Potter Ann Marie
Published: September 2024

The growing population of aging adults, coupled with the widespread adoption of technology, including within virtual environments, prompts the need to understand technology engagement preferences among older adults. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of older adults engaging with a client-centered immersive virtual reality (IVR) protocol tailored to their specific occupational interests. Employing a mixed methods approach, the research combined the quantitative System Usability Scale (SUS) assessment with qualitative interviews to examine the feasibility, usability, and learning experiences of community-dwelling older adults. Fifteen (n = 15) older adult participants trialed an IVR session tailored to match their chosen occupations of importance. Findings revealed that the usability of IVR varied significantly among participants, with an average SUS score of 55, indicating a need for further investigation into usability issues. Qualitative analysis identified three themes: IVR is usable when it is intuitive and with training, balance the apps for success, and overall lasting impressions were related to the perceived implementation for the participant. The incorporation of meaningful occupations in IVR programming is feasible and can be integrated into healthy aging-in-place programming; however, expanding available leisure-based apps and increasing the learning time before engagement should be considered.
The Surgical Outcome of Infective Endocarditis in South Africa over 10 Years: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Nel Riaan , Janson Jacques , Esterhuizen Tonya , van der Westhuizen Clinton
Published: September 2024

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on the outcome of left-sided cardiac valve surgery for infective endocarditis in South Africa. It is hypothesized that outcomes may be poorer compared to international standards due to differences in disease burden, timing of surgery, organism prevalence, and co-morbidities. Method: This is a retrospective study of 160 patients with left heart valve endocarditis who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic, operative, and admission-related parameters were assessed to determine their association with all-cause mortality during the early post-operative (<30 days) and late post-operative (>30 days) periods. Results: Early post-operative mortality (<30 days) was 8.8% and late post-operative mortality (>30 days) was 13.1%. Late survival showed 77.5% of the patients were alive with a mean follow-up period of 41 months. Increased age (p = 0.04), critical illness (p < 0.001), and higher urgency of intervention (p < 0.001) were associated with higher early post-operative mortality. Peri-operative organ failure, including cardiac (p = 0.025), renal (p = 0.016), and respiratory failure (p < 0.001), contributed significantly to both early and late mortality. Pre-operative antibiotics for fewer days (p = 0.024), ongoing sepsis (p = 0.022), and para-valvular extension (p = 0.046) were associated with higher early mortality. Conclusions: Infective endocarditis is a common indication for cardiac valve surgery in South Africa. Goal-directed medical management and clinical optimization prior to surgery were crucial to achieving better outcomes. Salvage procedures and critical illness with organ failure prior to surgery were associated with poorer outcomes. Despite unique challenges, cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis at Tygerberg Hospital compares favorably to international standards.
Comparison of Various Surface Treatment Procedures on the Roughness and Susceptibility to Staining of Provisional Prosthodontic Materials
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B. , Albarqi Abdullah Turki , Alamodi Abdulellah Gharmallah , Alamri Abdulmajeed Ali , Aldail Saad Awdah , Al-Qarni Mohammed A. , AlQahtani Saeed M. , Alqahtani Nasser M.
Published: September 2024

Esthetically pleasing temporary prostheses are often necessary for extended periods in a variety of clinical scenarios. Adjustments to the occlusion or margins are commonly needed before cementing the temporary prosthesis. Therefore, it is clinically necessary to repolish the rough surface to avoid biological and esthetic issues associated with rough surfaces. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the impact of various polishing protocols on the surface roughness and color stability of three resin materials used for provisional crowns. A total of 150 specimens were fabricated from auto-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate, bis-acryl composite, and Methyl methacrylate-LC resin using a stainless steel mold. Each material group was divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the applied surface treatment: positive control group (G1): no roughening or surface treatment, Negative control group (G2): acrylic bur-roughened surface without any polishing, the different surface treatment groups of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide stone polishing (G3), diamond-coated rubber twist (G4), and Surface Glaze (G5). An optical profilometer was used to assess the surface roughness of all samples. After undergoing 6000 cycles of thermocycling followed by immersion in a coffee solution for 15 days at 37 °C, color parameters were measured using a spectrophotometer both before and after a storage period to evaluate color differences. A two-way ANOVA test with α = 0.05 significance level was carried out to determine the impacts of both the materials utilized and the polishing protocol. Among the three types of resin examined, the bisacryl group exhibited superior surface quality in positive control groups, while PMMA resin demonstrated higher polishability. The diamond-coated rubber twits resulted in lower Ra values of 0.36 (0.01) µm, 0.52 (0.11) µm, and 0.28 (0.05) µm for PMMA, BAMA, and MMLC resins, respectively. The application of photo-polymerized surface glaze led to a plaque accumulation threshold of 0.2 µm across all resin groups. The greatest mean color change occurred in the negative control group, indicating a propensity for more staining on rougher surfaces. The Bisacryl resin exhibited higher ΔE values, whereas PMMA showed better color stability. The lowest ΔE values were found when the surface glaze was applied to all of the provisional crown resins. Untreated Bisacryl resin exhibited the lowest Ra values, while PMMA resins demonstrated superior surface morphology after polishing. PMMA provisional crown resins showed increased resistance to staining. The use of surface glaze enhanced both smoothness and color stability on the surfaces.
Detection and Tracking of Low-Frame-Rate Water Surface Dynamic Multi-Target Based on the YOLOv7-DeepSORT Fusion Algorithm
Authors: Han Xingcheng , Fu Shiwen , Han Junxuan
Published: September 2024

This study aims to address the problem in tracking technology in which targeted cruising ships or submarines sailing near the water surface are tracked at low frame rates or with some frames missing in the video image, so that the tracked targets have a large gap between frames, leading to a decrease in tracking accuracy and inefficiency. Thus, in this study, we proposed a water surface dynamic multi-target tracking algorithm based on the fusion of YOLOv7 and DeepSORT. The algorithm first introduces the super-resolution reconstruction network. The network can eliminate the interference of clouds and waves in images to improve the quality of tracking target images and clarify the target characteristics in the image. Then, the shuffle attention module is introduced into YOLOv7 to enhance the feature extraction ability of the target features in the recognition network. Finally, Euclidean distance matching is introduced into the cascade matching of the DeepSORT algorithm to replace the distance matching of IOU to improve the target tracking accuracy. Simulation results showed that the algorithm proposed in this study has a good tracking effect, with an improvement of 9.4% in the improved YOLOv7 model relative to the mAP50-95 value and an improvement of 13.1% in the tracking accuracy in the DeepSORT tracking network compared with the SORT tracking accuracy.
High-Level Feature Fusion Deep Learning Model for Fault Detection in Handling Equipment in Dry Bulk Ports
Authors: Tian Qi , Wang Wenyuan , Peng Yun , Xu Xinglu
Published: September 2024

The flexibility of handling equipment in dry bulk ports is poor, and frequent equipment fault induced by the high-load and high-power working conditions greatly impacts the overall port handling operations, making accurate fault detection play an important role in improving the efficiency and stability of dry bulk port operations. However, as we know, most fault detection methods for port handling equipment depend heavily on monitoring sensor data, which is not applicable in the dry bulk port due to high configuration and maintenance cost, as well as the high false alarm rate of monitoring sensors caused by strong background noise. To solve the problem, this study proposes a High-Level Feature Fusion Deep Learning Model, which uses different deep learning sub-models to extract features of structured and unstructured data. It fuses the extracted feature vectors to achieve fault detection in the handling equipment, establishing the mapping relationship between the fault (e.g., waiting for the pre-loading process, equipment fault, and others) and multi-source heterogeneous operation and maintenance data for the handling equipment, including reclaimers, belt conveyors, dumpers, and ship loaders. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the actual data of a coal port in Northern China is employed as an example. The results show the deep learning model can achieve high prediction accuracy (over 86%) with high efficiency (0.5 s for each sample), which provides decision support for the fault detection in dry bulk port handling equipment.
Two Sugarcane Expansin Protein-Coding Genes Contribute to Stomatal Aperture Associated with Structural Resistance to Sugarcane Smut
Authors: Liu Zongling , Yu Zhuoxin , Li Xiufang , Cheng Qin , Li Ru
Published: September 2024

Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic fungus responsible for inducing sugarcane smut disease that results in significant reductions in sugarcane yield. Resistance mechanisms against sugarcane smut can be categorized into structural, biochemical, and physiological resistance. However, structural resistance has been relatively understudied. This study found that sugarcane variety ZZ9 displayed structural resistance compared to variety GT42 when subjected to different inoculation methods for assessing resistance to smut disease. Furthermore, the stomatal aperture and density of smut-susceptible varieties (ROC22 and GT42) were significantly higher than those of smut-resistant varieties (ZZ1, ZZ6, and ZZ9). Notably, S. scitamineum was found to be capable of entering sugarcane through the stomata on buds. According to the RNA sequencing of the buds of GT42 and ZZ9, seven Expansin protein-encoding genes were identified, of which six were significantly upregulated in GT42. The two genes c111037.graph_c0 and c113583.graph_c0, belonging to the α-Expansin and β-Expansin families, respectively, were functionally characterized, revealing their role in increasing the stomatal aperture. Therefore, these two sugarcane Expansin protein-coding genes contribute to the stomatal aperture, implying their potential roles in structural resistance to sugarcane smut. Our findings deepen the understanding of the role of the stomata in structural resistance to sugarcane smut and highlight their potential in sugarcane breeding for disease resistance.
The Total Economic Value of Lands with Civic Uses as a Tool for Their Protection and Enhancement: A Case Study in Tuscany
Authors: Marone Enrico , Marinelli Nicola , Sacchelli Sandro
Published: September 2024

This study aims to quantify the economic value of environmental externalities by proposing an approach tailored to areas designated for “civic uses”. These areas fall within the broader category of “collective goods” on which the legislator places particular emphasis, especially in regard to their protection and enhancement. The technique applied in this study is the total economic value (TEV), quantified through a spatialization and modeling of socioeconomic and environmental variables on Geographic Information Systems. The methodology was used for a specific case study area, the forests of Land Association “Bosco dei Bardi” in the Tuscany region of central Italy. This area exhibits the same characteristics and fulfills the same functions as those designated for civic uses. The results demonstrate the importance of providing public decision-makers with appropriate tools to protect and enhance these areas. The results also underscore the economic significance of forest ecosystem services compared to average regional values. The study finally confirms that Land Associations present a promising avenue for revitalizing abandoned territories, consistent with civic use objectives.
Monitoring of Glacier Area Changes in the Ili River Basin during 1992–2020 Based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Zhang Qinqin , Zhang Zihui , Wang Xiaofei , Xu Zhonglin , Wang Yao
Published: September 2024

The Ili River Basin, a crucial transboundary river in the arid region of Central Asia, plays a significant role in the region’s ecology and water resources. However, current methods for monitoring glacier area changes in this region face challenges in automation and accuracy due to the complex terrain and climatic conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for monitoring glacier area changes in the Ili River Basin from 1992 to 2020, with a focus on improving data accuracy and processing efficiency. Utilizing the Landsat data series, we employed the random forest (RF) classification algorithm within the GEE platform to extract glacier areas, optimizing a multidimensional feature set using the Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance method, and applied visual interpretation for data refinement. Our results demonstrated that the GEE platform, combined with the RF algorithm, provided high accuracy in glacier monitoring, achieving an overall accuracy of 89% and a kappa coefficient of 0.85. During the study period, the glacier area in the Ili River Basin decreased by 184.76 km2, with an average annual retreat rate of 6.84 km2, most notably between 3800 and 4400 m in elevation. The analysis revealed that temperature changes had a more pronounced impact on glacier dynamics than precipitation. This approach significantly enhances image utilization efficiency and data processing speed, offering a reliable tool for monitoring glacier dynamics. Future research should focus on integrating additional environmental variables and extending the temporal scope to further refine glacier dynamics modeling and predictions.
Land-Based Carbon Effects and Human Well-Being Nexus
Authors: Wang Kexin , He Keren , Wang Xue-Chao , Xie Linglin , Dong Xiaobin , Lei Fan , Gong Changshuo , Liu Mengxue
Published: September 2024

In light of international climate agreements and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there is a growing need to enhance the understanding of the linkages among land use/cover change (LUCC) and its carbon effects (CEs), as well as human well-being (HW). While existing studies have primarily focused on the impacts of LUCC on CEs or ecosystem services, there remains a gap in systematically elucidating the complex relationships among LUCC, CEs, and HW. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the nexus between land-based CEs and HW, examining: (1) the correlation between LUCC and CEs, encompassing methodologies for investigating LUCC CEs; (2) the association between CEs and HW, introducing the concept of “low-carbon human well-being” and evaluation framework; and (3) the proposed framework of “LUCC-CEs-HW,” which delves into the intricate connections among three elements. The study identifies research gaps and outlines potential future directions, including assessments of LUCC CEs and low-carbon HW, exploration of the “LUCC-CEs-HW” nexus, and the development of standardized measurement approaches. Key opportunities for further investigation include establishing a unified evaluation index system and developing scalable methods. This paper elucidates the relationships among LUCC, CEs, and HW, offering insights for future works.
Retelling the Story of the Birds and the Bees in the Age of Biodiversity Extinction
Authors: Alexander Richard John
Published: September 2024

John Lovejoy coined the term biological diversity in 1980, made the first projection of global extinction rates, and 43 years later we are still discussing biodiversity and extinction in an inconsequential fashion. Extinction signs include the loss of millions of birds in the UK since 1970 and the decline in insects. Goulson summarizes in detail the scientific and biological evidence for the many species extinctions. Although most people do not notice the declines in insects, the loss of bees has been noted when bees’ use as pollinators began to be harnessed as a corporate and commercial activity. This is linked to intensive agricultural practices. The lobbying power of agrochemical companies shapes agricultural practices that directly impact the well-being of all species. Critical ecological discourse analysis of insect decline and the issues related to it is employed, going back to the famous speech given by Michael Halliday. Then corpus linguistic methods scrutinize material from the website of Syngenta, an agrochemical company. We ask whether the website of such a firm can uncover the necessary circumstances for such biodiversity. A corpus-assisted critical analysis of Syngenta’s business report, looks at computer-generated concordances of some of the relevant content words, like ‘crop’, ‘sustainable’, ‘soil’, ‘control’, ‘biodiversity’ and ‘water’. Hopefully, this study will encourage researchers to provide more indications of the disappearance of so many species, and not just birds and insects. But, to really achieve effective protection of biodiversity much more is needed.
The Dependence of NiMo/Cu Catalyst Composition on Its Catalytic Activity in Sodium Borohydride Hydrolysis Reactions
Authors: Sukackienė Zita , Valeckytė Gitana , Kepenienė Virginija , Stalnionienė Irena , Jasulaitiene Vitalija , Vaičiūnienė Jūratė , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Pakštas Vidas , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: September 2024

The production of high-purity hydrogen from hydrogen storage materials with further direct use of generated hydrogen in fuel cells is still a relevant research field. For this purpose, nickel-molybdenum-plated copper catalysts (NiMo/Cu), comprising between 1 and 20 wt.% molybdenum, as catalytic materials for hydrogen generation, were prepared using a low-cost, straightforward electroless metal deposition method by using citrate plating baths containing Ni2+–Mo6+ ions as a metal source and morpholine borane as a reducing agent. The catalytic activity of the prepared NiMo/Cu catalysts toward alkaline sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis increased with the increase in the content of molybdenum present in the catalysts. The hydrogen generation rate of 6.48 L min−1 gcat−1 was achieved by employing NiMo/Cu comprising 20 wt.% at a temperature of 343 K and a calculated activation energy of 60.49 kJ mol−1 with remarkable stability, retaining 94% of its initial catalytic activity for NaBH4 hydrolysis following the completion of the fifth cycle. The synergetic effect between nickel and molybdenum, in addition to the formation of solid-state solutions between metals, promoted the hydrogen generation reaction.