bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The James Webb Space Telescope Absolute Flux Calibration. II. Mid-infrared Instrument Imaging and Coronagraphy
Authors: Gordon Karl D. , Sloan G. C. , Garcia Marin Macarena , Libralato Mattia , Rieke George , Aguilar Jonathan A. , Bohlin Ralph , Cracraft Misty , Decleir Marjorie , Gaspar Andras , Kendrew Sarah , Law David R. , Noriega-Crespo Alberto , Regan Michael
Published: December 2024

The absolute flux calibration of the Mid-Infrared Instrument imaging and coronagraphy is based on observations of multiple stars taken during the first 2.5 yr of James Webb Space Telescope operations. The observations were designed to ensure that the flux calibration is valid for a range of flux densities, different subarrays, and different types of stars. The flux calibration was measured by combining observed aperture photometry corrected to infinite aperture with predictions based on previous observations and models of stellar atmospheres. A subset of these observations was combined with model point-spread functions to measure the corrections to infinite aperture. Variations in the calibration factor with time, flux density, background level, type of star, subarray, integration time, rate, and well depth were investigated, and the only significant variations were with time and subarray. Observations of the same star taken approximately every month revealed a modest time-dependent response loss seen mainly at the longest wavelengths. This loss is well characterized by a decaying exponential with a time constant of ∼200 days. After correcting for the response loss, the band-dependent scatter around the corrected average (i.e., repeatability) was found to range from 0.1% to 1.2%. Signals in observations taken with different subarrays can be lower by up to 3.4% compared to FULL frame. After correcting for the time and subarray dependencies, the scatter in the calibration factors measured for individual stars ranges from 1% to 4% depending on the band. The formal uncertainties on the flux calibration averaged for all observations are 0.3%–1.0%, with longer-wavelength bands generally having larger uncertainties.
Origins of Super Jupiters: TOI-2145b has a Moderately Eccentric and Nearly Aligned Orbit
Authors: Dong Jiayin , Chontos Ashley , Zhou George , Stefansson Gudmundur , Wang Songhu , Huang Chelsea X. , Gupta Arvind F. , Halverson Samuel , Kanodia Shubham , Luhn Jacob K. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Monson Andrew , Alvarado-Montes Jaime A. , Ninan Joe P. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Wright Jason T.
Published: December 2024

Super Jupiters are giant planets with several Jupiter masses. It remains an open question whether these planets originate with such high masses or grow through collisions. Previous work demonstrates that warm super Jupiters tend to have more eccentric orbits compared to regular-mass warm Jupiters. This correlation between mass and eccentricity may indicate that planet–planet interactions significantly influence the warm giant planet demographics. Here, we conducted a detailed characterization of a warm super Jupiter, TOI-2145b. This analysis utilized previous observations from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer, enhanced by new Rossiter–McLaughlin effect data from the NEID spectrometer on the 3.5 m WIYN Telescope. TOI-2145b is a

5.68

−
0.34

+
0.37

M
Jup planet on a moderate eccentricity (e =

0.214

−
0.014

+
0.014

), 10.26 day orbit, orbiting an evolved A-star. We constrain the projected stellar obliquity to be λ =

6.8

−
3.8

+
2.9

° from two NEID observations. Our N-body simulations suggest that the formation of super Jupiter TOI-2145b could involve either of two scenarios: a high initial mass or growth via collisions. On a population level, however, the collision scenario can better describe the mass–eccentricity distribution of observed warm Jupiters.
The JCMT Legacy Release: SCUBA-2 850 μm Coadds and Catalogs
Authors: Graves Sarah F. , Dempsey Jessica T. , Bell Graham S. , Berry David S. , Coulson Iain M. , Currie Malcolm J. , Friberg Per , Jenness Tim , Johnstone Doug , Liu Junhao , Mairs Steven , Parsons Harriet A. L. , Pena Harold , Rawlings Mark G. , Thomas Holly S. , Wouterloot Jan G. A.
Published: December 2024

We present the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) 850 μm Legacy Release, containing uniformly reduced, coadded tiles, and catalogs of detected emission, for the 850 μm data from all Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) observations taken between 2011 February 2 and 2020 August 1. This release provides the fastest and easiest way to identify uniformly determined 850 μm detections and calibrated fluxes for any position observed by the JCMT. The coadded observations include 11,722 hr of observing time and cover 1516 square degrees of the sky, with detections of contiguous areas of emission at better than 5σ covering 2.46 square degrees of area. Within these regions 21,059 individual local maxima were detected. Fifteen tiles contain regions with a noise level better than 0.0025 mJy arcsec−2. The data are gridded onto HEALPix tiles of ≈1° a side, using the HEALPix projection with pixels of size ≈3.″22. The coadds have been calibrated into units of mJy arcsec−2 using the standard date-varying SCUBA-2 flux-conversion factor (FCF) from Mairs et al. (2021). We then examined the accuracy of this calibration for our data set by calculating self-derived FCF values for our two most-used standard sources, finding a result within the expected errors but with a larger standard deviation of 9%. The coadds and catalogs can be searched and retrieved via the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (project code: JCMT-LR). Combined catalogs of all detected regions and of all local maxima can be downloaded from the Canadian Advanced Network for Astronomy Research Data Publication Service (doi:10.11570/23.0013), along with masks showing the full area observed in this release and the full area of detected emission.
Dominance of 2 Minute Oscillations near the Alfvén Surface
Authors: Huang 黄 Zesen 泽森 , Velli Marco , Shi 时 Chen 辰 , Zhu 朱 Yingjie 英杰 , Chandran B. D. G. , Bowen Trevor , Réville Victor , Huang 黄 Jia 佳 , Hou 侯 Chuanpeng 传鹏 , Sioulas Nikos , Liu 刘 Mingzhe 明哲 , Pulupa Marc , Huang 黄 Sheng 胜 , Bale Stuart D.
Published: December 2024

Alfvén waves, considered one of the primary candidates for heating and accelerating the fast solar wind, are ubiquitous in spacecraft observations, yet their origin remains elusive. In this study, we analyze data from the first 19 encounters of the Parker Solar Probe and report the dominance of 2 minute oscillations near the Alfvén surface. The frequency-rectified trace magnetic power spectral density (PSD) of these oscillations indicates that the fluctuation energy is concentrated around 2 minutes for the “youngest” solar wind. Further analysis using wavelet spectrograms reveals that these oscillations primarily consist of outward-propagating, spherically polarized Alfvén wave bursts. Through Doppler analysis, we show that the wave frequency observed in the spacecraft frame can be mapped directly to the launch frequency at the base of the corona, where previous studies have identified a distinct peak around 2 minutes (~8 mHz) in the spectrum of swaying motions of coronal structures observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. These findings strongly suggest that the Alfvén waves originate from the solar atmosphere. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the PSD deformation beyond the Alfvén surface supports the idea of dynamic formation of the otherwise absent 1/f range in the solar wind turbulence spectrum.
On the critical points of solutions of PDE: The case of concentrating solutions on the sphere
Authors: Gladiali Francesca
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the number of critical points of solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in a domain $ D $ of the sphere and their index.
The geography of tuberculosis mortality in Belgium between 1889 and 1991: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Charlier Valentin , Devos Isabelle , Eggerickx Thierry , Vanwambeke Sophie O.
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of death in Western countries during the 18th and 19th centuries, rising with industrialization and urbanization, then declining in the 20th century due to improved living conditions, public health measures, and medical advances. While the epidemiology of TB in Belgium has been well described, the spatial and temporal features are less well known. In this article, we examine TB mortality data from “Le Mouvement de la Population et de l’État Civil” at the municipality level between 1889 and 1991. We map TB mortality trends using an intermediate degree of aggregation of 19th and 20th century municipalities across six periods. The results reveal important spatiotemporal disparities, with mortality hotspots in municipalities with healthcare institutions. Diverging socioeconomic trajectories in Flanders (Dutch-speaking North) and Wallonia (French-speaking South) contributed to shifting mortality rates, from the highest in Flanders in the early 20th century to the highest in Wallonia after 1950. A significant sex difference emerged in the second half of the 20th century, with men experiencing higher mortality. Despite an overall decline in TB from the mid-19th century, the decline was heterogeneous across regions and periods, suggesting a link between TB and socioeconomic conditions. Further research is needed to better understand the factors driving TB trends in Belgium from 1889 to 1991.
Effects of life-place trajectories based on municipality of residence on old-age mortality: evidence from sequence analysis in 20th century Netherlands
Authors: Sesma Carlos Dolores , Kok Jan , Oris Michel
Published: December 2024

Research has shown that the place of residence may affect health and wellbeing but there has been little attention on whether long life-place trajectories based on municipality of residence are associated with old-age mortality. By applying a "life course of place" approach to health in later life, our aims are to examine (a) what patterns in individuals’ life-place trajectories during the first fifty years of life were identified in terms of proximity to social support in the place of origin and residential context, (b) how old-age mortality was associated with these life-place trajectory patterns, and the extent to which early, adult and later-life factors mediated these associations, and (c) how these associations varied by marital status and through time. We used geocoded longitudinal data for all municipalities of residence in the Netherlands in a subsample of 20,359 persons (≥50 years old, 50% women) of Dutch cohorts, born between 1850 and 1922. Cluster Analysis was first applied to describe life-place trajectory patterns based on residential geographic proximity and residential context for each year of life from birth until age fifty. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed in a second step to estimate the associations between life-place trajectories and old-age mortality. They were first adjusted for gender, age and cohorts, then adjustment for early-life, adult and old-age factors were added. Interaction terms were applied to investigate the moderating effect of marital status and cohorts. Results showed that (a) after adjustment, life-place trajectories of moderate-long distance from birthplace had a significant association with higher risk of mortality in old age; (b) adult and elderly factors mediated the influence of these patterns on old age mortality; (c) marital status and birth cohorts moderated the associations. The conjoined effect of trajectories characterized by long distance from place of origin and widowhood, suggested a combination of two proxy measures of weak social relationships with detrimental consequences in later life. Conclusions: This study suggested mechanisms linking life-place trajectories according to municipality of residence to old-age mortality. Results highlighted the possible role of migrations’ histories, combined with marital status and changes over time, in survival at old-age.
The constitution of the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo megaregion in the context of contemporary regional urbanization
Authors: Tunes Regina
Published: December 2024

Region, a concept so widely discussed in Geography and the Social Sciences and then ostracised for a long time in science in general, has reappeared as fundamental in analytical interpretations of the urban and in the practice of urban and regional planning since the end of the last century. This means considering that reflecting on the problem of the urban today requires a theoretical exercise and careful observation of reality, considering that everyday life no longer takes place and is reproduced only in cities, but in regions with strong internal cohesion, intense circulation, increasingly large dimensions and full of socio-spatial differentiations. Although the change in the geographical scale of social processes is part of the process, it is salutary to understand that what is being recognised is also a transformation in the nature of social relations in the sense of the so-called regional urbanisation process. Based on this context, the aim of this article is to analyze the metropolitan regionalization process in Brazil, through the hypothesis that the Rio de Janeiro – São Paulo megaregion is the most complete form of regional urbanization and the concentration and centralization of capital.
Georges Canguilhem, 1942-1943, 1962-1963 : « La philosophie est […] philosophie des valeurs »
Authors: Fichant Michel
Published: December 2024

En 1942-1943, alors qu’il achevait sa thèse de doctorat en médecine, Georges Canguilhem a donné un cours à la Faculté des Lettres de Strasbourg repliée à Clermont-Ferrand sur Les normes et le normal. En 1962-1963, il donna de nouveau un cours à la Sorbonne intitulé cette fois La norme et le normal. Le premier de ces cours permet d’identifier le « démon philosophique » qui inspire aussi la thèse de médecine : il s’agit de faire de la philosophie une philosophie des valeurs. Le second n’abandonne rien de cet engagement. Canguilhem en tire la conséquence que la philosophie, ayant en charge le règlement critique des conflits de valeurs, ne peut avoir elle-même une de ces valeurs pour norme. D’où l’apparent paradoxe qu’« il n’y a pas de vérité philosophique ».
L’enjeu philosophique et politique du Congrès Descartes (1937)
Authors: Mehl Édouard
Published: December 2024

L’étude porte sur la signification politique du « Congrès Descartes » de 1937, en l’inscrivant dans le sillage des précédents congrès internationaux de philosophie, en particulier le Congrès de Prague de 1934 – date à laquelle chacun sait déjà ce que représente l’« hitlérisme » sur le plan intellectuel, idéologique et politique. Les relations intellectuelles entre la France et l’Allemagne sont détériorées par une politique répressive allemande, qui interdit notamment à Husserl de venir en France en 1937, en dépit de l’invitation qui lui a été adressée par le Comité d’organisation du Congrès de Paris. En 1937, l’attention se focalise sur la constitution de la délégation allemande, et la participation de Heidegger. Une étude des échanges entre Heidegger et le chef de la délégation, Hans Heyse, permet de soutenir l’hypothèse qu’Heidegger a très tôt refusé de cautionner la réception idéologique et l’interprétation « völkisch » de Être et Temps, telle qu’on la trouve chez Heyse ou d’autres.
Entre princes et marchands
Authors: Lloret Sylvain
Published: December 2024

Entre 1702 et 1793, onze hommes occupèrent la fonction d’agent général de la Marine et du Commerce de France à Madrid, créée après l’avènement du Bourbon Philippe V au trône d’Espagne. Agissant sans statut officiel, à l’interface entre les milieux d’affaires et le monde politique, ces envoyés du secrétaire d’État de la Marine étaient la clé de voûte du réseau consulaire français dans la Péninsule et les véritables artisans d’une diplomatie commerciale franco-espagnole au xviiie siècle. Informateurs, négociateurs et médiateurs, ces intermédiaires au contact des pouvoirs politique et économique œuvrèrent en faveur d’un rapprochement commercial entre les deux monarchies, tout en cherchant à concilier des intérêts marchands et princiers parfois contradictoires. Ils interrogent alors les interactions croissantes entre le commerce, l’expertise économique et les relations internationales à l’époque moderne, ainsi que le cheminement qui conduisait de l’information à la négociation, d’une diplomatie d’en bas à la discussion entre gouvernements.
Creativity in the global Hong Kong diaspora - A discussion
Authors: Song Chris , Cheung Anna , Keung Sean Wai
Published: December 2024

Over the past ten years a growing number of writers and artists from Hong Kong have established themselves elsewhere in the global Hong Kong diaspora. As a result of dwindling freedoms in the former British colony, this tendency can only intensify. In the autumn of 2023, a discussion at the University of St Andrews, led by Gregory Lee, addressed the evolution and future of creativity in the evolving Hong Kong Chinese diaspora.
Fabulation as Healing: Reading Dung Kai-cheung’s Hong Kong Type Diasporically
Authors: Tsang Michael
Published: December 2024

This article aims to offer a diasporic reading of Dung Kai-cheung’s 2021 novel, Hong Kong Type 香港字 (Hoeng1 Gong2 Zi6). Although set in post-2019 Hong Kong, the novel offers constructive ways for Hongkongers living abroad to think about the relationship between their diasporic locality and Hong Kong culture. The novel features a female protagonist recovering from her mental health issues (triggered, as insinuated in the novel, by the protests) through helping out at an exhibition on Hong Kong’s first lead movable types for printing in Chinese, manufactured by the London Missionary Society in the 1800s. In the process, the protagonist finds out more about her own family history, as well as hallucinates a dialogue with those lead types who teach her Hong Kong’s publishing history. Thus, weaving together Hong Kong cultural history with personal family history, the protagonist’s ‘hallucinations’ become part of her journey of healing. Furthermore, such hallucinations, I argue, can be read allegorically for any Hongkonger affected by the protests, whether for those who remain and those who have left. With reference to Deleuze and Guattari’s formulation of ‘fabulation’ or ‘myth-making’, which sheds light on how myths are collectively produced for communities, I will highlight how literature (that is, storytelling understood as fabulation) reminds Hongkongers that wherever they are, an engagement with Hong Kong culture and history is a vital coping mechanism in the post-protest era.
Des études universitaires à l’enseignement du français en Italie dans les années 1950
Authors: Barsi Monica
Published: December 2024

Dans les années 1950, au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le prestige de la langue française en Italie reprend toute son ancienne vigueur. Nombre de candidats ayant une maîtrise en langue et littérature françaises deviennent professeurs de français. Essayer de reconstruire en amont la formation linguistique qu’ils avaient reçue et en aval les cours qu’ils dispensaient permet de comprendre un segment de l’histoire de la didactique des langues vivantes en Italie. L’exemple des deux universités milanaises, où le français était enseigné dans des cursus complets – l’Università degli Studi di Milano et l’Università commerciale “Luigi Bocconi”–, sera pris en considération, ainsi que le Catalogue des bibliothèques italiennes, où sont enregistrés environ 500 ‘manuels’ publiés en Italie entre 1950 et 1959 pour l’enseignement de la langue française. On constatera un écart entre la formation des professeurs et la nécessité d’enseigner le français comme langue de spécialité, en raison de l’essor économique du pays.
Compass Pointing Examination of Digital Revolution in Smart Healthcare
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: December 2024

Smart healthcare is shaping global health through a complete revolution by integrating emerging technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). In healthcare, AR and VR enable a deeper connection to medical training, diagnostics and patient care utilizing immersive, interactive environments. These are changing the way medical practitioners perform operations, making complex procedures in a safe environment and handling 3D patient data translating better-performing precision. Patients can receive immersive therapies through AR/VR such as- pain management, mental stimulus-based health treatments etc. and hence benefit from personalized gamified healthcare experiences. Beyond this, these technologies are integral to remote healthcare delivery including telemedicine and virtual consultations that not only transcend geographical barriers but also make quality care more accessible. This chapter comprehensively explores AR and VR in examination of digital transformation in smart healthcare.
Medical Procedures for PTSD Treatment
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: December 2024

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health problem that can occur following an overwhelming experience, or series of events. The disorder comes with symptoms that include flashbacks, nightmares and fear so severe that it can cripple people's lives. This disease affects a sizeable fraction of the population globally, with estimates indicating that 7 to 8% of individuals will experience PTSD in their lifetime. Among military veterans, survivors of violent crime and individuals who have lived through natural disasters or brutal accidents, the incidence is alarmingly high. The effects of [PTSD] go beyond the individual to societal and economic levels. This chapter comprehensively explores the diverse aspects on Medical Procedures for PTSD Treatment for Healthcare and Wellness via Augmented and Virtual Reality Modules.
Impending Transformation of Untethered Care Focusing Patient Management
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Kaunert Christian , Raghav Anjali
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of ubiquitous Sensors with healthcare system creating an environmentally aware system for patient management, focusing on patient-centric applications, emphasizes the transformative impact of remote care. Elder care and fall detection are feasible to detect falls in elderly people by using wireless sensors. These sensors can notify emergency services or caretakers in the event of a fall since they are made to recognize sudden movements or changes in posture. Monitoring patients' adherence to prescribed drug regimens can be tracked by integrating wireless sensors into pill dispensers or medication management packages. Remote Diagnostics With the use of wireless sensors, medical experts may evaluate a patient's status without having to see them in person. Thus, this chapter focuses on the wireless sensor technology being incorporated into prosthetics and smart implants to improve functionality and offer real-time information on patient health and device usage.
Behavioral Finance in the Digital Era
Authors: Sarin Asheetu Bhatia
Published: December 2024

The digital era has revolutionized nearly every aspect of financial markets, from how investors interact with financial instruments to how trades are executed. Behavioral finance, a field that explores how psychological factors influence financial decision-making, must now consider the profound impact of digital technologies. As financial technology (FinTech) platforms, social media, and algorithmic trading gain prominence, understanding investor behavior in the digital age becomes increasingly crucial. This chapter examines the role of digital advancements in shaping behavioral biases and market psychology, and their implications for both individual investors and the broader financial system.
Technological Innovation in Investment Strategies
Authors: Singh Partap
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of AI, machine learning (ML), and blockchain on investment strategies. Using a mixed methods approach with survey data from 90 financial professionals, secondary data, and 12 case studies, the study employed SWOT analysis, percentile method, chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis H-test for analysis. Findings reveal that 38.9% of respondents find traditional strategies less effective compared to modern approaches. Technological innovations have notably improved portfolio performance and risk management. A substantial 77.8% believe these technologies have transformed traditional strategies. However, data security remains a major concern for 70% of respondents. The study underscores the importance of AI, ML, and blockchain in modernizing investment strategies and highlights the need for robust security measures and further research on long-term impacts. It offers actionable recommendations for investors, policymakers, and researchers to leverage these technologies effectively.
A Critical Review of Influence of Technology on Financial Decision Making and Investor Psychology
Authors: Mondal Sumana , Kumar Sree
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the ways that technological developments have changed market dynamics, decision-making procedures, and investing patterns. The rapid development of fintech, algorithmic trading, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) has had a profound effect on how investors research markets, obtain information, and make financial decisions. The democratization of access to financial data brought about by technology allows individual investors to engage in markets that were previously controlled by institutional players. Although technology improves accessibility and efficiency, the results indicate that it also adds complications that call for a more thorough comprehension of investor behavior in a tech-driven financial environment. The study's conclusion suggests directions for future investigation into reducing the psychological risks connected to technology-driven financial decision-making.
Cognitive and Emotional Triggers of Collective Investment Patterns in Stock Markets
Authors: Ze Yang , Loang Ooi Kok
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the cognitive and emotional factors influencing collective investment behaviors in stock markets, focusing on how biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, social influence, and the fear of missing out (FOMO) contribute to herding behavior. Behavioral finance suggests that cognitive and emotional stimuli can lead to investment patterns that deviate from rational decision-making models. By examining how these psychological triggers interact in financial markets, the study addresses gaps in understanding the combined effect of biases on collective market behavior. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehending these biases to mitigate their negative impact on market efficiency and stability, particularly in a technology-driven trading environment. Future research should explore cross-cultural influences and the role of technology in intensifying herding dynamics.
Investor Biases and Reaction Dynamics Exploring the Psychological Mechanisms Behind Market Fluctuations
Authors: Ze Yang , Loang Ooi Kok
Published: December 2024

This study explores the psychological mechanisms driving market fluctuations, focusing on how cognitive biases, such as investor sentiment, confirmation bias, risk perception, and the anchoring effect, contribute to market overreaction. By analyzing the interplay between these biases, the research challenges traditional financial theories like the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and highlights the behavioral influences that lead to excessive market volatility. The findings suggest that investor psychology plays a critical role in market inefficiencies, with emotions such as fear and greed leading to irrational decision-making. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory measures and investor education to mitigate the impact of these biases, ensuring more stable financial markets.
Emerging Markets Dynamics effect on Ethical Investment Behavior With Mediation of Investment Strategies in Ethiopia
Authors: Kant Shashi , Adula Metasebia , Nimbrain Nitu , Kumari Mona
Published: December 2024

With an emphasis on the mediating function of investment strategies in the context of Ethiopia, this study investigates the impact of rising market dynamics on moral investing behavior. A survey was conducted with a sample of 400 participants, comprising individual investors in Ethiopia, investment managers, and financial advisers. To find the underlying dimensions, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. The data's appropriateness for factor analysis was evaluated using Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy. After that, the mediating function of investment strategies was investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study's findings offer important new insights into how the adoption and development of ethical investing practices in Ethiopia's financial sector might be influenced by the changing dynamics of developing markets in conjunction with the tactical application of investment strategies.
Sustainable and Ethical Investment With the Technological Innovation and Emerging Markets
Authors: Nandhana M. , Saravanakumaran B. , Visalakshmi S.
Published: December 2024

Sustainable and Ethical Investment is a growing investment approach that considers Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors alongside financial returns. By aligning investments with personal values, investors can contribute to a positive impact on society and the environment while potentially earning competitive returns. Technological advancements like AI, blockchain, and renewable energy technologies are reshaping the landscape of ethical investment, enabling data-driven investing and creating new investment opportunities. This chapter covers the key aspects of sustainable and ethical investment, including ESG factors, technological advancements, and the benefits of integrating sustainability principles into investment strategies. The integration of sustainability principles into investment strategies is becoming increasingly essential for long-term value creation and a more resilient future.
Digital Divide Factors for User Engagement
Authors: Kang Seok , Reddick Christopher G. , Enriquez Roger , Harris Richard
Published: December 2024

This study examines the digital divide in older adults in a minority-majority urban community. Grounded in resources and appropriation theory, this study predicts that categorical disparities in society produce an unequal distribution of resources and that an unequal distribution of resources leads to unequal Internet use. To investigate the relationships in an older adult sample, personal (ethnicity and gender), positional factors (income, education, employment, and retirement), and appropriation factors (attitude, access, skills, and usage) were included in analyzing data from a community where minority ethnic groups are the majority. Data was collected from older adults in an urban area in the Southern United States. Hispanics' Internet skill levels were higher than the other ethnicities. More positive attitudes, access, skills, and usage were found in wealthier residential locations, higher income, and higher education. The results also underscored the crucial role of attitudinal factors in improving material access, Internet skills, and usage in the minority-majority community.
Seeking Liver Fibrosis in Biliary Atresia using De Ritis Ratio
Authors: Farahdina Farahdina , Prihaningtyas Rendi Aji , Setyoboedi Bagus , Sera Agnescia Clarissa , Arief Sjamsul
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare and devastating pediatric liver disorder characterized by progressive obstruction or absence of the extrahepatic bile ducts within infants. One crucial aspect of understanding the disease process is the assessment of liver fibrosis. The De Ritis ratio can serve as an early screening tool for clinicians that assists in identifying patients at risk of progressive fibrosis. Combining this ratio with other noninvasive markers and imaging techniques may further enhance its accuracy in assessing the severity of fibrosis. Our study aims to investigate the utility of the De Ritis (aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and serum albumin levels as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in BA.

Methods:

This research was a cross-sectional study utilizing medical record data of pediatric patients with BA from November 1, 2022, to November 30, 2023. Sex, age, presence of malnutrition, and blood parameters including hemoglobin, leucocytes, and platelets (Plts) were collected. AST/ALT ratio and other laboratory parameters’ correlations were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation.

Results:

There was a positive correlation between the De Ritis ratio and Plts (P < 0.001, r = 1.000), activated partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.001, r = 1.000), partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.001, r = 0.999), and albumin (P < 0.001, r = 1.000).

Conclusion:

The De Ritis ratio and albumin levels have association with liver fibrosis formation might suggesting their potential use as predictive markers for disease progression in children with BA optimizing the patient’s nutritional well-being.
The Effect of Load-based Exercise Intensity on Testicular Malondialdehyde Concentration, Testicular Caspase-3 Expression, and Sperm Quality in Mice (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Intan Priscilia Pratami , I'tishom Reny , Lie Vellyana , Margiana Ria , Fuad Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad , Sari Gadis Meinar
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Studies over the past decades reveal the global decline of sperm quality among unselected men, particularly in its concentration. The impacts of exercise on sperm quality are still ambiguous. This study aims to analyze the effects of different exercise intensities on testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular caspase-3, and sperm quality in mice. This study might result in the recommendation of exercise intensity that improves and protects sperm quality.

Methods:

Male Deutschland–Denken–Yoken mice were divided into four groups: a control group and three intervention groups with different loads (low, moderate, and high) based on 3%, 6%, and 9% of body weight. MDA level by ELISA and caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry were assessed from the testicles. The sperm characteristics and quality were analyzed using the WHO standards. The multivariate data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis.

Results:

The testicular MDA level and caspase-3 expression were lower in the exercise groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Increasing intensity increased the MDA level (P < 0.05) and expression of caspase-3 (P < 0.05), and the lowest measurements were in the low group (P < 0.05). Sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and viability were no different between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Different exercise intensities have different but linear effects on testicular MDA and caspase-3. The lower exercise intensity, the lower testicular MDA and caspase-3. However, their impact on sperm quality needs more exploration.
Rapid Progression of Plasmacytoma to Multiple Myeloma after Cervical Laminectomy
Authors: Lupito Dudung , Notodipuro Paulus Budiono , Purwaningtyas Raissa Manika
Published: December 2024

Solitary plasmacytoma has a variable prognosis, with some patients recovering and others developing multiple myeloma years later. This case report describes a case of solitary plasmacytoma that develops into multiple myeloma after cervical laminectomy. A 55-year-old woman came to the hospital with complaints of pain in the neck approximately 5 years ago, and the complaint felt worse during activity and improved when resting. The patient has a history of cervical laminectomy after being diagnosed with plasmacytoma. Pathological examination found a malignant round-cell tumor with a definitive diagnosis of plasmacytoma. The results of serum protein electrophoresis showed an increase in the beta fraction with a tapered shape. Bone marrow aspiration examination revealed hypoplastic multiple myeloma. To help provide better health services, early diagnosis, treatment, and careful monitoring can be carried out, thereby improving the quality of life of those affected by this disease.
Comparison of the Accuracy and Precision of Digital Scans for Implant-Supported Maxillary Hybrid Prosthesis: An in vitro Study
Authors: Guzelce Sultanoğlu E , Keleş B
Published: December 2024

Background:

Numerous intraoral scanners (IOS) devices are currently used for intraoral impressions in prosthodontics. It is crucial to assess the accuracy and precision of these devices for clinical use.

Aim:

This in vitro study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy and precision of six IOS in the all-on-4 treatment concept. Trueness evaluation involved aligning the data from six dental scanners with the reference model. Precision analysis encompassed aligning the data from all six scanners within their respective groups.

Methods:

An edentulous maxillary model was utilized, with four implants placed at 12, 15, 22, and 25 teeth positions, simulating the all-on-4 approach using resin acrylic. Following the placement of scanbodies, each of the six IOSs (Primescan, Trios 3, Trios 4, Trios 5, Virtuo Vivo, and Medit i 700) performed eight scans of the model. An industrial scanner was employed for the control group. Data alignment and comparison were executed using the CloudCompare software (v2.11.3, General Public License of Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France). Statistical scrutiny encompassed the Shapiro–Wilk, Levene’s, and Games–Howell tests.

Results:

Among the scanners, Primescan exhibited the highest trueness (35.75 ± 26.08 μm), whereas the Medit i700 demonstrated superior precision (0.163 μm).

Conclusion:

IOS can be used to make dental impressions within the all-on-4 concept. More comprehensive and clinical studies are needed on this subject.
Immunohistochemistry Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in Colorectal Carcinoma among Nigerians
Authors: Badmos KB , Odukoya LA , Khramtsova GF , Adebayo LA , Olopade OI , Abdulkareem FB
Published: December 2024

Background:

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in Nigeria with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Interactions between the CD8+ T-lymphocytes and the immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressions are important. Novel antibodies have been developed against these immune checkpoints and have been found to improve clinical outcome in many solid organ malignancies.

Aim:

We aimed to determine immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in resected CRC cases assembled on tissue microarray blocks.

Methods:

Representative blocks and clinical information of resected CRC cases between 2010 and 2019 were retrieved from the archives of our department. Tissue microarray (6 × 4) blocks were constructed with 2 mm core needles. Immunohistochemistry using anti-PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone EPR19759 #213524, 1:200 Abcam, MA, USA) was carried out according to manufacturer’s instruction.

Results:

The study included 170 cases, of which 144 cases had sufficient tissue for analysis. The peak incidence was observed in the 50–59 age group. Approximately 80.1% of the cases were in T3 and T4 stages. Only 8 (5.6%) out of 144 cases were positive for PD-L1. All the PD-L1 positive cases were either right-sided CRC (6/68) or rectal cancer (2/3). Of the seven positive cases with available histological grading, four were poorly differentiated/mucinous variants and three cases were moderately differentiated.

Conclusion:

PD-L1 expression in CRC was low (5.6%) and showed strong associations with higher tumor grades (P < 0.013), right-sided tumors (P < 0.002), and rectal cancer. There was no association with age, tumor stage, and lymph node status.
An In-vitro Evaluation of Tooth Discoloration and Shear Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement Bonded to Tooth Surface Pretreated with Silver Diamine Fluoride and Glutathione Biomolecule
Authors: Al-Azar IC , Girish MS , Devraj IM , Shylaja KC , Dhull KS
Published: December 2024

Background:

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is employed in caries prevention and treatment; however, tooth discoloration post treatment is a significant disadvantage, which can be reduced using glutathione (GSH), a water soluble tripeptide.

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the effect of glutathione biomolecule (GSH) and potassium iodide (KI) along with SDF on tooth discoloration and shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the tooth surface.

Methods:

Artificial caries were created on 48 extracted unblemished premolars and divided into four groups (SDF, SDF + KI, SDF + GSH, and Water). The solutions were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the samples were incubated for 24 hours. The color assessment was recorded on days 1, 7, and 14 by using a spectrophotometer. Following the color assessment, all the treated samples were bonded with GIC. The shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine.

Results:

Mixing SDF with GSH initially reduced tooth discoloration. Although there was an increase in the discoloration after 2 weeks, it was still less when compared to the SDF group. The application of GSH and KI post SDF application had no significant difference in the shear bond strength of GIC on the tooth surface.

Conclusions:

The use of GSH along with SDF helps in reducing the discoloration without compromising the shear bond strength.
Effects of Maternal Dyslipidemia on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Obodo CE , Agu PU , Ugwu EO , Ezegwui HU , Nkwo PO , Eze MI , Eleje GU , Ekwuazi KE , Ugwu AO , Ekwueme PC , Anigbo CS
Published: December 2024

Background:

Maternal dyslipidemia is one of the consistent metabolic changes during pregnancy. There is a controversy as to whether maternal lipid disturbances in early pregnancy are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.

Aim:

To determine the effects of maternal dyslipidemia on maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods:

A prospective observational cohort study of eligible pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at two tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. The attendees blood samples were collected for lipid profile analysis and those who met the criteria for dyslipidemia constituted the study (exposed) group, while those with normal lipid levels were the control (unexposed group). Both groups were followed up throughout pregnancy and in labor to determine the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Results:

Compared with pregnant women with normal lipid profile, those with dyslipidemia were at higher risk of low birth weight (LBW) (RR: 9.40, CI 95%: 1.3-70.2, P = 0.005), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) (RR: 5.98; 95% CI: 0.8-46.9; P = 0.04), still birth (RR: 6.84, CI 95%: 8.9-52.7, P = 0.03), and birth asphyxia (RR: 10.26, CI 95%:1.4-76.0, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Maternal dyslipidemia is associated with some adverse perinatal outcomes such as LBW, IUFD, still birth, and birth asphyxia. These findings would guide in the care of pregnant women with dyslipidemia.
Histopathological Comparison of Various Tongue Base Reduction Processes
Authors: Cobden SB , Ozcan İ , Altıparmak S , Kuru A , Senel F , Kantekın Y , Kaya A
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Tongue base reduction surgery is the only minimally invasive technique that can be performed under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure, especially to treat obstructive sleep apnea caused by hypopharyngeal obstruction. Studies reported that various devices could be used for tongue base reduction, but comparisons of these methods are limited in the literature. Our study aimed to compare the histological effects of tongue base reduction methods performed with the Celon radiofrequency, monopolar cautery, Coblator, and Sutter devices on the tissue.

Methods:

This study included 23 female rats (aged 4–8 months). Rats were divided into five groups. Tongue base reduction was performed with monopolar cautery in the first group (5 rats), then Celon radiofrequency in the second group (5 rats), the Coblator in the third group (5 rats), and the Sutter in the fourth group (5 rats). The fifth group was the control group, which comprised three rats. The rats’ tongues were resected for histological examination 1 week after procedures.

Results:

While the highest amount of fibrosis was seen in the Sutter group, fibrosis was also relatively high in the Coblator group. A significant difference was observed in all groups when compared with the control group regarding tissue thickness. While the average tissue thicknesses of the monopolar, celon rf, and Coblator groups were almost the same, tissue reduction was more marked in the Sutter group.

Conclusion:

Although we observed that all the methods used were safe, the method that produced the most fibrosis and tissue reduction was the Sutter method.
Implementation of Standard setting in the Assessment of Examinations in a Postgraduate Medical College: Opinions, Experiences and Prospects
Authors: Ekekezie Oyenike Oyeronke , Charles-Eromosele Titilope Oyinlola , Olatona Foluke Adenike , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze
Published: December 2024

Context:

The world over, there has been a paradigm shift in medical education from the traditional curriculum to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), of which the application of standard setting in assessments is an integral part. Standard setting is the process used to define an acceptable level of performance and to establish a pass score for the defined levels of performance in the competency domains assessed by an examination.

Aims:

This study was designed to assess the opinions and experiences of key judges for implementation of standard setting and to outline its prospects from their perspective.

Settings and Design:

A descriptive cross-sectional study on the opinions, experiences and prospects for standard setting in the assessment of college examinations.

Methods:

A total population survey of Faculty Officers for the year 2024.

Data Analysis:

Descriptive statistics using SPSS Version 27.

Results:

The use of an arbitrary 50% pass mark was not supported as 80% of the respondents felt it was neither just nor equitable; 84% opined that it will not correctly separate competent from incompetent candidates and 76% felt it was not defensible. Over 90% of the respondents supported the shift to standard setting, though 31% and 51%, respectively, believed that it was difficult to implement and strenuous. Training and retraining of faculty and examiners was advocated by 98% of the respondents.

Conclusion:

Standard setting is more appropriate in determining true competence than using arbitrary pass scores. Training and retraining of faculty and examiners is required to improve understanding of the process and concepts.