bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of Cultural Landscapes – Decision-Making and Perception Within Specific Ecological Settings
Authors: Dörfler Walter , Dreibrodt Stefan , Eriksen Berit Valentin , Feeser Ingo , Groß Daniel , Hofmann Robert , Ribeiro Artur , Schlütz Frank , Wieckowska-Lüth Magdalena , Wild Markus
Published: February 2024

This chapter starts with a theoretical introduction to the concept of the creation and perception of cultural landscapes. Niche construction theory and human agency, often treated as controverse concepts are discussed as complementary aspects of human environment relations. The DPSIR framework (the concept of Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses) is applied as valuable approach for the explanation of the transformations in human behaviour in reaction to environmental developments. Aspects of intended and unintended reactions to human agency and action are discussed as well as the temporal and spatial scales of transformations that consequently occured. Therefore, four examples are presented from case studies within the CRC 1266. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic use of natural resources will have left visible but short-lived traces in the landscape as first steps towards a cultural landscape. The role of humans in the spread of plants and the influence of human action on the plant distribution and composition are discussed in this context. The Neolithic transformation shows a new dimension of changes in the landscape. The producing economy leads to a wide range of resource extractions that enable a much higher population being nourished by the manipulated environment with anthropogenic open land as a new landscape element or niche. Bronze Age progression and intensification of land use in many areas lead to soil degradation and the widespread expansion of heathlands. Even though the process was too slow to be perceived consciously, associated economic adaptations to this new type of cultural landscape are observable. The fourth example explains an unexpected positive aspect of deforestation. In the context of Neolithic Trypillian megasites the soil developed towards a deep and fertile Chernozem. The role of earthworms is discussed as key factor for the soil development in the transition from a forest and forest steppe towards the agrarian steppe of today. The difference between human agency and human action is discussed for the presented examples as the awareness of the consequences of human behaviour very much depends the velocity of changes and human perception.
Depicting Trypillia: Emergence and Transformation of the Realistic Style
Authors: Shatilo Liudmyla , Hofmann Robert
Published: February 2024

Transformation processes have not only different scales, significance and aspects. They can also be reflected in social behavior, and thus also in material culture. This chapter examines various categories of objects of non-utilitarian nature with realistically depicted elements. By analysing a Trypillian group of ceramic objects and anthropomorphic figurines from the Middle and Late Neolithic tell Vinča-Belo Brdo, we can show their temporal and spatial change within the transformation of aggregated settlements during the periods with the highest population density. Our analysis of one of the components of material culture shows huge prospects for studying anatomy and different aspects of transformations and their reflections.
Search for charged-lepton flavor violation in Υ(2S) → ℓ∓τ± (ℓ = e, μ) decays at Belle
Authors:   The Belle collaboration, Dhamija R. , Nishida S. , Giri A. , Adachi I. , Aihara H. , Asner D. M. , Aushev T. , Ayad R. , Babu V. , Bahinipati S. , Banerjee Sw. , Bauer M. , Behera P. , Belous K. , Bennett J. , Bessner M. , Bhardwaj V. , Biswas D. , Bodrov D. , Borah J. , Bozek A. , Bračko M. , Branchini P. , Browder T. E. , Budano A. , Campajola M. , Červenkov D. , Chang M.-C. , Chang P. , Chekelian V. , Cheon B. G. , Chilikin K. , Cho H. E. , Cho K. , Choi S.-K. , Choi Y. , Choudhury S. , Cinabro D. , Das S. , De Nardo G. , De Pietro G. , Di Capua F. , Dingfelder J. , Doležal Z. , Dong T. V. , Ecker P. , Epifanov D. , Ferber T. , Ferlewicz D. , Fulsom B. G. , Garg R. , Gaur V. , Goldenzweig P. , Graziani E. , Gu T. , Guan Y. , Gudkova K. , Hadjivasiliou C. , Hayasaka K. , Hayashii H. , Hazra S. , Hedges M. T. , Herrmann D. , Hou W.-S. , Hsu C.-L. , Iijima T. , Inami K. , Ipsita N. , Ishikawa A. , Itoh R. , Iwasaki M. , Jacobs W. W. , Jang E.-J. , Jia S. , Jin Y. , Joo K. K. , Kaliyar A. B. , Kiesling C. , Kim C. H. , Kim D. Y. , Kim K.-H. , Kim Y.-K. , Kinoshita K. , Kodyš P. , Konno T. , Korobov A. , Korpar S. , Križan P. , Krokovny P. , Kumar M. , Kumar R. , Kumara K. , Kuzmin A. , Kwon Y.-J. , Lai Y.-T. , Lee S. C. , Levit D. , Lewis P. , Li L. K. , Gioi L. Li , Libby J. , Lieret K. , Lin Y.-R. , Liventsev D. , Ma Y. , Masuda M. , Matsuda T. , Maurya S. K. , Meier F. , Merola M. , Metzner F. , Miyabayashi K. , Mizuk R. , Mohanty G. B. , Nakamura I. , Nakao M. , Natochii A. , Nayak L. , Niiyama M. , Nisar N. K. , Ogawa S. , Pakhlov P. , Pakhlova G. , Pardi S. , Park H. , Park J. , Passeri A. , Patra S. , Paul S. , Pedlar T. K. , Pestotnik R. , Piilonen L. E. , Podobnik T. , Prencipe E. , Prim M. T. , Rout N. , Russo G. , Sandilya S. , Santelj L. , Savinov V. , Schnell G. , Schwanda C. , Seino Y. , Senyo K. , Sevior M. E. , Shan W. , Sharma C. , Shiu J.-G. , Shwartz B. , Sokolov A. , Solovieva E. , Starič M. , Stottler Z. S. , Sumihama M. , Takizawa M. , Tanida K. , Tenchini F. , Trabelsi K. , Uchida M. , Uglov T. , Unno Y. , Uno S. , Urquijo P. , Vahsen S. E. , Varvell K. E. , Vinokurova A. , Wang D. , Wang E. , Wang M.-Z. , Watanuki S. , Won E. , Xu X. , Yabsley B. D. , Yan W. , Yang S. B. , Yin J. H. , Yuan C. Z. , Yuan L. , Zhang Z. P. , Zhilich V. , Zhukova V.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We report a search for the charged-lepton flavor violation in Υ(2S) → ℓ∓τ± (ℓ = e, μ) decays using a 25 fb−1 Υ(2S) sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− asymmetric-energy collider. We find no evidence for a signal and set upper limits on the branching fractions ($$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
) at 90% confidence level. We obtain the most stringent upper limits: $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(Υ(2S) → μ∓τ±) < 0.23 × 10−6 and $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
(Υ(2S) → e∓τ±) < 1.12 × 10−6.
Cubic action for spinning black holes from massive higher-spin gauge symmetry
Authors: Skvortsov Evgeny , Tsulaia Mirian
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Scattering of two Kerr Black Holes emitting gravitational waves can be captured by an effective theory of a massive higher-spin field interacting with the gravitational field. While other compact objects should activate a multitude of non-minimal interactions it is the black holes that should be captured by the simplest minimal interaction. Implementing massive higher-spin symmetry via a string-inspired BRST approach we construct an action that reproduces the correct cubic amplitude of Arkani-Hamed-Huang-Huang. The same is achieved for the root-Kerr theory, i.e. for the minimal electromagnetic interaction of a massive higher-spin field.
Unified treatment of null and spatial infinity III: asymptotically minkowski space-times
Authors: Ashtekar Abhay , Khera Neev
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Spi framework provides a 4-dimensional approach to investigate the asymptotic properties of gravitational fields as one recedes from isolated systems in any space-like direction, without reference to a Cauchy surface [1]. It is well suited to unify descriptions at null and spatial infinity because $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
arises as the null cone of i°. The goal of this work is to complete this task by introducing a natural extension of the asymptotic conditions at null and spatial infinity of [2], by ‘gluing’ the two descriptions appropriately. Space-times satisfying these conditions are asymptotically flat in both regimes and thus represent isolated gravitating systems. They will be said to be Asymptotically Minkowskian at i°. We show that in these space-times the Spi group $$ \mathfrak{S} $$
S
as well as the BMS group $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
naturally reduce to a single Poincaré group, denoted by $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i^{{}^{\circ}}} $$

p

i
°

to highlight the fact that it arises from the gluing procedure at i°. The asymptotic conditions are sufficiently weak to allow for the possibility that the Newman-Penrose component $$ {\Psi}_1^{{}^{\circ}} $$

Ψ
1
°

diverges in the distant past along $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+. This can occur in astrophysical sources that are not asymptotically stationary in the past, e.g. in scattering situations. Nonetheless, as we show in the companion paper [5], the energy momentum and angular momentum defined at i° equals the sum of that defined at a cross-section C of $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+ and corresponding flux across $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+ to the past of C, when the quantities refer to the preferred Poincaré subgroup $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i^{{}^{\circ}}} $$

p

i
°

.
Quantum conformal gravity
Authors: Oda Ichiro , Ohta Misaki
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We present the manifestly covariant canonical operator formalism of a Weyl invariant (or equivalently, a locally scale invariant) gravity whose classical action consists of the well-known conformal gravity and Weyl invariant scalar-tensor gravity, on the basis of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyupin (BRST) formalism. It is shown that there exists a Poincaré-like IOSp(8|8) global symmetry as in Einstein’s general relativity, which should be contrasted to the case of only the Weyl invariant scalar-tensor gravity where we have a more extended Poincaré-like IOSp(10|10) global symmetry. This reduction of the global symmetry is attributed to the presence of the Stückelberg symmetry.
Rare tau decays via exchange of on-shell almost degenerate Majorana neutrinos, τ∓ → π∓Nj → π∓μ∓π± and τ∓ → π∓Nj → π∓μ±π∓
Authors: Cvetič Gorazd , Kim C. S.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We investigate rare decays of tau leptons that occur via exchange of heavy on-shell neutrinos Nj (j = 1, 2). These neutrinos can be either Dirac or Majorana, and are considered to be almost degenerate in mass. The decays can thus be either lepton number conserving (LNC), τ∓ → π∓Nj → π∓μ∓π±, or lepton number violating (LNV), τ∓ → π∓Nj → π∓μ±π∓. If neutrinos are Dirac, only LNC decays are possible. If they are Majorana, both LNC and LNV are possible. We derive the corresponding expressions for the effective decay widths $$ {\Gamma}_{\textrm{eff},\mp}^{\left(\textrm{X}\right)} $$

Γ

eff
,
∓

X

(X=LNC, LNV) of these rare decays, where we account for N1-N2 overlap and oscillation effects and for the finite detector length effects. We then numerically evaluate these decay widths as well as the related CP violation asymmetry width $$ \Delta {\Gamma}_{\textrm{CP}}^{\left(\textrm{X}\right)}=\left({\Gamma}_{\textrm{eff},-}^{\left(\textrm{X}\right)}-{\Gamma}_{\textrm{eff},+}^{\left(\textrm{X}\right)}\right) $$
∆

Γ
CP

X

=

Γ

eff
,
−

X

−

Γ

eff
,
+

X

. We conclude that for certain, presently allowed, ranges of the heavy-light neutrino mixing parameters, such decays and asymmetries could be observed in Belle II experiment.
Do charged-pions condense in a magnetic field with rotation?
Authors: Chen Hao-Lei , Huang Xu-Guang , Mameda Kazuya
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We revisit the condensation scenario of charged pions in external magnetic field and rotation, which was first considered by Y. Liu and I. Zahed. Based on the Ginzburg-Landau analysis of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we find that the charged-pion condensation takes place only when both a strong coupling constant and negatively large baryon chemical potential are applied. Besides, our numerical calculation shows that the chiral restoration induced by the interplay between magnetic field and rotation (i.e., the rotational magnetic inhibition) interrupts the formation of the charged-pion condensate. This suggests that the analysis of such condensation requires a careful treatment of the inner structure of pions, which was not taken into account before. We also discuss the underlying physical mechanism of our finding and the indication of charged-rho condensation.
European society for trauma and emergency surgery member-identified research priorities in emergency surgery: a roadmap for future clinical research opportunities
Authors: Bass Gary Alan , Kaplan Lewis Jay , Gaarder Christine , Coimbra Raul , Klingensmith Nathan John , Kurihara Hayato , Zago Mauro , Cioffi Stefano Piero Bernardo , Mohseni Shahin , Sugrue Michael , Tolonen Matti , Valcarcel Cristina Rey , Tilsed Jonathan , Hildebrand Frank , Marzi Ingo
Published: February 2024

Background

European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) is the European community of clinicians providing care to the injured and critically ill surgical patient. ESTES has several interlinked missions – (1) the promotion of optimal emergency surgical care through networked advocacy, (2) promulgation of relevant clinical cognitive and technical skills, and (3) the advancement of scientific inquiry that closes knowledge gaps, iteratively improves upon surgical and perioperative practice, and guides decision-making rooted in scientific evidence. Faced with multitudinous opportunities for clinical research, ESTES undertook an exercise to determine member priorities for surgical research in the short-to-medium term; these research priorities were presented to a panel of experts to inform a ‘road map’ narrative review which anchored these research priorities in the contemporary surgical literature.

Methods

Individual ESTES members in active emergency surgery practice were polled as a representative sample of end-users and were asked to rank potential areas of future research according to their personal perceptions of priority. Using the modified eDelphi method, an invited panel of ESTES-associated experts in academic emergency surgery then crafted a narrative review highlighting potential research priorities for the Society.

Results

Seventy-two responding ESTES members from 23 countries provided feedback to guide the modified eDelphi expert consensus narrative review. Experts then crafted evidence-based mini-reviews highlighting knowledge gaps and areas of interest for future clinical research in emergency surgery: timing of surgery, inter-hospital transfer, diagnostic imaging in emergency surgery, the role of minimally-invasive surgical techniques and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, patient-reported outcome measures, risk-stratification methods, disparities in access to care, geriatric outcomes, data registry and snapshot audit evaluations, emerging technologies interrogation, and the delivery and benchmarking of emergency surgical training.

Conclusions

This manuscript presents the priorities for future clinical research in academic emergency surgery as determined by a sample of the membership of ESTES. While the precise basis for prioritization was not evident, it may be anchored in disease prevalence, controversy around aspects of current patient care, or indeed the identification of a knowledge gap. These expert-crafted evidence-based mini-reviews provide useful insights that may guide the direction of future academic emergency surgery research efforts.
Diagnostic performance and image quality of an image-based denoising algorithm applied to radiation dose-reduced CT in diagnosing acute appendicitis
Authors: Choi Hyeon Ui , Cho Jungheum , Hwang Jinhee , Lee Seungjae , Chang Won , Park Ji Hoon , Lee Kyoung Ho
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To evaluate diagnostic performance and image quality of ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) in diagnosing acute appendicitis with an image-based deep-learning denoising algorithm (IDLDA).

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study included 180 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 29 ± 9 years; 91 female) who underwent contrast-enhanced 2-mSv CT for suspected appendicitis from February 2014 to August 2016. We simulated ULDCT from 2-mSv CT, reducing the dose by at least 50%. Then we applied an IDLDA on ULDCT to produce denoised ULDCT (D-ULDCT). Six radiologists with different experience levels (three board-certified radiologists and three residents) independently reviewed the ULDCT and D-ULDCT. They rated the likelihood of appendicitis and subjective image qualities (subjective image noise, diagnostic acceptability, and artificial sensation). One radiologist measured image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests, and paired t-tests.

Results

The area under the ROC curves (AUC) for diagnosing appendicitis ranged 0.90–0.97 for ULDCT and 0.94–0.97 for D-ULDCT. The AUCs of two residents were significantly higher on D-ULDCT (AUC difference = 0.06 [95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.11; p = .022] and 0.05 [0.00–0.10; p = .046], respectively). D-ULDCT provided better subjective image noise and diagnostic acceptability to all six readers. However, the response of board-certified radiologists and residents differed in artificial sensation (all p ≤ .003). D-ULDCT showed significantly lower image noise, higher SNR, and higher CNR (all p < .001).

Conclusion

An IDLDA can provide better ULDCT image quality and enhance diagnostic performance for less-experienced radiologists.
Causal oceanic feedbacks onto the winter NAO
Authors: Kolstad Erik W. , O’Reilly Christopher H.
Published: February 2024

Of the climate variability patterns that influence the weather in the North Atlantic region in winter, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the most dominant. The effects of the NAO span from cold air outbreaks to unseasonably warm conditions and unusual precipitation, with significant impacts on human activities and ecosystems. While a connection between the NAO and antecedent sea surface temperature (SST) conditions has been recognised for decades, the precise causal interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere remains enigmatic. In this study we uncover a robust statistical relationship between North Atlantic SSTs in November and the NAO throughout the subsequent winter in the extended ERA5 reanalysis back to 1940. We apply a well-established causal inference technique called mediation analysis, commonly used in social science and now adopted in climate research. This analysis highlights the roles of low-level baroclinicity, latent heat fluxes, and latent heat release in mediating the effect of November SSTs on the NAO in January and February. It is important to recognise that these mediators are interrelated. Moreover, our analysis reveals bidirectional relationships, where the NAO reciprocally mediates the effects of the November SSTs on these variables. This is evidence of a complex web of feedback mechanisms which collectively contribute to the response of the winter NAO to late autumn/early winter SSTs.
FGD1-related Aarskog–Scott syndrome: Identification of four novel variations and a literature review of clinical and molecular aspects
Authors: Li Sujuan , Tian Anran , Wen Yu , Gu Wei , Li Wei , Qiao Xiaohong , Zhang Cai , Luo Xiaoping
Published: February 2024

Patients with Aarskog–Scott syndrome (AAS) have short stature, facial anomalies, skeletal deformities, and genitourinary malformations. FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing 1 (FGD1) is the only known causative gene of AAS. However, the diagnosis of AAS remains difficult, and specific treatments are still absent. Patients suspected with AAS were recruited, and clinical information was collected. Genetic testing and functional analysis were carried out for the diagnosis. By literature review, we summarized the clinical and genetic characteristics of FGD1-related AAS and analyzed the genotype–phenotype correlation. Five patients were recruited, and four novel FGD1 variants were identified. The diagnosis of AAS was confirmed by genetic analysis and functional study. Three patients treated with growth hormone showed improved heights during the follow-up period. By literature review, clinical features of AAS patients with FGD1 variants were summarized. Regarding FGD1 variations, substitutions were the most common form, and among them, missense variants were the most frequent. Moreover, we found patients with drastic variants showed higher incidences of foot and genitourinary malformations. Missense variants in DH domain were related to a lower incidence of cryptorchidism.

  Conclusion: We reported four novel pathogenic FGD1 variations in AAS patients and confirmed the efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment in FGD1-related AAS patients with growth hormone deficiency. Additionally, our literature review suggested the crucial role of DH domain in FGD1 function.

What is Known:• Aarskog–Scott syndrome is a rare genetic disease, and the only known cause is the variant in FGD1 gene. The typical clinical manifestations of AAS include facial, skeletal, and urogenital deformities and short stature.

What is New:• We reported four novel FGD1 variants and reported the treatment of growth hormone in FGD1-related AAS patients. Our genotype–phenotype correlation analysis suggested the crucial role of DH domain in FGD1 function.
Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells activate sebocytes through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 pathway to accelerate wound healing
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Zouboulis Christos C. , Xiao Zhibo
Published: February 2024

Sebocyte regeneration after injury is considered a key element of functional skin repair. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-EXO) accelerate wound healing by promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts. However, the effects of ADSCs-EXO on sebocytes are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of ADSCs-EXO on sebocyte proliferation and migration were evaluated. The levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), AKT, sterol regulatory-element binding protein (SREBP), and perilipin-1 (PLIN-1) were detected with immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differential gene expression between the ADSCs-EXO group and the control group under anaerobic conditions. Lipogenesis was assessed with Nile red staining. In animal studies, full-thickness skin wounds in BALB/c mice were treated with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel-loaded sebocytes alone or in combination with ADSCs-EXO. Histopathological assessments of the wound tissues were performed Masson Trichrome staining, Immunohistochemical staining and so on. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway blocker LY294002 inhibited the effects of ADSCs-EXO on p-AKT and sebocytes proliferation. ADSCs-EXO also regulated the expression of SREBP-1 and PLIN-1 through the PI3K/AKT pathway in an oxygen level-dependent manner. In BALB/c mice, ADSCs-EXO accelerated sebocyte-assisted wound healing and regeneration. These in vitro and in vivo results supported that ADSCs-EXO can promote the regeneration of fully functional skin after injury through the PI3K/AKT-dependent activation of sebocytes.

Graphical abstract
Juvenile Uveitis
Authors: Eidherr Markus , Jarz-Lackner Hildrun , Bolz Matthias , Barisani-Asenbauer Talin , Strauß Rupert W.
Published: February 2024

Etwa 5–10 % aller Uveitisfälle treten bei Kindern auf. Die Erkrankung verläuft oft ohne Symptome, was zu einer verzögerten Diagnose und möglichen Schäden an den Augen führen kann. Infektiöse und nichtinfektiöse Ursachen können zur Uveitis führen, wobei die juvenile idiopathische Arthritis die häufigste Ursache bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist. Die Behandlung hängt von der Ursache ab und kann eine Immunsuppression beinhalten. Katarakt, Glaukom und Amblyopie sind die häufigsten Komplikationen, die das Sehvermögen beeinträchtigen können. Regelmäßige Kontrollen sind auch nach Inaktivität der Uveitis wichtig, um erneute Entzündungsschübe frühzeitig zu erkennen und die Therapie anzupassen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über das klinische Erscheinungsbild, potenzielle Ursachen, Therapiemöglichkeiten und Komplikationen der Uveitis bei Kindern zu geben.
A novel deep learning-based perspective for tooth numbering and caries detection
Authors: Ayhan Baturalp , Ayan Enes , Bayraktar Yusuf
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was automatically detecting and numbering teeth in digital bitewing radiographs obtained from patients, and evaluating the diagnostic efficiency of decayed teeth in real time, using deep learning algorithms.

Methods

The dataset consisted of 1170 anonymized digital bitewing radiographs randomly obtained from faculty archives. After image evaluation and labeling process, the dataset was split into training and test datasets. This study proposed an end-to-end pipeline architecture consisting of three stages for matching tooth numbers and caries lesions to enhance treatment outcomes and prevent potential issues. Initially, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) utilized to determine the side of the bitewing images. Then, an improved CNN model YOLOv7 was proposed for tooth numbering and caries detection. In the final stage, our developed algorithm assessed which teeth have caries by comparing the numbered teeth with the detected caries, using the intersection over union value for the matching process.

Results

According to test results, the recall, precision, and F1-score values were 0.994, 0.987 and 0.99 for teeth detection, 0.974, 0.985 and 0.979 for teeth numbering, and 0.833, 0.866 and 0.822 for caries detection, respectively. For teeth numbering and caries detection matching performance; the accuracy, recall, specificity, precision and F1—Score values were 0.934, 0.834, 0.961, 0.851 and 0.842, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed model exhibited good achievement, highlighting the potential use of CNNs for tooth detection, numbering, and caries detection, concurrently.

Clinical significance

CNNs can provide valuable support to clinicians by automating the detection and numbering of teeth, as well as the detection of caries on bitewing radiographs. By enhancing overall performance, these algorithms have the capacity to efficiently save time and play a significant role in the assessment process.
Playing well with others: lessons from theatre for the health professions about collaboration, creativity and community
Authors: Gray Julia , Cartmill Carrie , Whitehead Cynthia
Published: February 2024

Despite collaboration among different professions being recognized as fundamentally important to contemporary and future healthcare practice, the concept is woefully undertheorized. This has implications for how health professions educators might best introduce students to interprofessional collaboration and support their transition into interprofessional, collaborative workplaces. To address this, we engage in a conceptual analysis of published collaborative, interprofessional practices and conceptual understandings in theatre, as a highly collaborative art form and industry, to advance thinking in the health professions, specifically to inform interprofessional education. Our analysis advances a conceptualization of collaboration that takes place within a work culture of creativity and community, that includes four modes of collaboration, or the ways theatre practitioners collaborate, by: (1) paying attention to and traversing roles and hierarchies; (2) engaging in reciprocal listening and challenging of others; (3) developing trust and communication, and; (4) navigating uncertainty, risk and failure. We conclude by inviting those working in the health professions to consider what might be gleaned from our conceptualization, where the embodied and human-centred aspects of working together are attended to alongside structural and organizational aspects.
Marginal effects for non-linear prediction functions
Authors: Scholbeck Christian A. , Casalicchio Giuseppe , Molnar Christoph , Bischl Bernd , Heumann Christian
Published: February 2024

Beta coefficients for linear regression models represent the ideal form of an interpretable feature effect. However, for non-linear models such as generalized linear models, the estimated coefficients cannot be interpreted as a direct feature effect on the predicted outcome. Hence, marginal effects are typically used as approximations for feature effects, either as derivatives of the prediction function or forward differences in prediction due to changes in feature values. While marginal effects are commonly used in many scientific fields, they have not yet been adopted as a general model-agnostic interpretation method for machine learning models. This may stem from the ambiguity surrounding marginal effects and their inability to deal with the non-linearities found in black box models. We introduce a unified definition of forward marginal effects (FMEs) that includes univariate and multivariate, as well as continuous, categorical, and mixed-type features. To account for the non-linearity of prediction functions, we introduce a non-linearity measure for FMEs. Furthermore, we argue against summarizing feature effects of a non-linear prediction function in a single metric such as the average marginal effect. Instead, we propose to average homogeneous FMEs within population subgroups, which serve as conditional feature effect estimates.
Do catadromous thinlip grey mullet benefit from shifting to freshwater? A perspective from fatty acid signature analysis
Authors: Pereira Esmeralda , Jorge André , Quintella Bernardo , da Silva Marco Gomes , Almeida Pedro R. , Lança Maria João
Published: February 2024

To investigate the potential benefits of the catadromous thinlip grey mullet (Chelon ramada Risso, 1827) migration to freshwater, the total lipid content and fatty acid (FA) profile of female’s muscle and gonads caught in both the estuary and river were analyzed. The freshwater contingent presented a higher body condition, greater muscle gross energy, and larger gonads with higher lipid reserves. These animals showed a muscle profile rich in C16:1n-7 and lower LC-PUFA that contrast with the higher relative amount of C18:1n-9, n-3 FA, and unsaturated LC-PUFA, such as C18 and C20 FA found in the estuarine contingent. The gonads of both contingents showed a constant and high relative amount of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, 37%). However, in terms of essential fatty acids (EFAs), the estuarine contingent had a higher relative amount of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3. On the other hand, the freshwater contingent showed a higher relative amount of n-3 FA precursors, namely C18:3n-3, and a still low relative amount of C22:6n-3. This suggests a mismatch between the metabolic omega-3 pathway and the physiological maturity stages, similar to a phenomenon of dormancy. In this sense, not all these individuals may reproduce annually, and the later stages of gonad development will require supplementary energy derived from feeding at the estuary. Thus, freshwater migration may promote a reproductive strategy enabling adults to take advantage of the warm and food-rich summer/autumn period, adjust spawning and juvenile appearance, and reduce the population’s exposure to habitat changes and/or stochastic events.
Attraction opportunities for enotourism among international travellers to Spanish wine PDO regions
Authors: Jannes Gil , Barreal Jesús
Published: February 2024

We analyze why the impact of wine tourism in Spain lags behind France and Italy. We argue that a key factor is a lack of attraction of foreign enotourists, especially among tourists who visit a wine PDO region anyway. The international tourist profiles visiting such Spanish wine PDOs are identified and segmented with the ultimate objective of fine-tuning the gastro-touristic offer in these regions. In particular, an innovative two-step Latent Class Model (LCM) with covariates is developed. The first step concerns the sociodemographic profiles of potential international enotourists, which is therefore complementary to existing segmentations of actual enotourists. The second step uses touristic activities in order to profile the possible ways of reaching different types of tourists. The daily expenditure and the tourists' valuation are included as covariates, allowing to predict the probability of class membership, and thus to define priority target profiles for market positioning.
Promoting Student Engagement in Online Education: Online Learning Experiences of Dutch University Students
Authors: Vermeulen Emma J. , Volman Monique L. L.
Published: February 2024

Student engagement is an important factor in higher education learning, but engaging students in online learning settings has been found to be challenging. Little research has been conducted yet into how online learning activities can engage students. In this study, students’ experiences with online education were examined during the COVID-19 pandemic to find out what online learning activities promoted their engagement and what underlying engagement mechanisms informed those activities. Six online focus groups were held via Zoom with students (N = 25) from different social sciences programs at the University of Amsterdam. Findings revealed synchronous and asynchronous online learning activities that stimulated three dimensions of engagement and their underlying mechanisms. Behavioral engagement was stimulated through activities that promote attention and focus, inspire effort, break barriers, and provide flexibility. Affective engagement was stimulated through activities that promote a group feeling, encourage interaction, and create a sense of empathy and trust. And cognitive engagement was stimulated through activities that generate discussion and personalization. This research provides teachers with insights into how to promote student engagement in online education.
Development of teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy expectations for inclusive mathematics instruction: effects of online and blended learning programs
Authors: Nührenbörger Marcus , Wember Franz B. , Wollenweber Tobias , Frischemeier Daniel , Korten Laura , Selter Christoph
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the results of a quantitative study investigating the development of teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy expectations for inclusive mathematics instruction in the context of an in-service training that was designed in a blended learning format and compared to an unsupported online offer. In the blended learning format, 101 teachers participated in an in-service training, designed as a combination of six workshops with concrete activities based on materials for inclusive mathematics teaching and intermittent practical phases with collaborative learning environments for children aged 6–12 years. The teachers' attitudes toward inclusive mathematics instruction and self-efficacy expectations are collected by using published scales (KIESEL) and scales under development. The effects of the blended learning program are analyzed by the t test for dependent samples or the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and compared to the effects of an online offer without further guidance and support. On the one hand, the results indicate the importance of the blended learning program in comparison with the unsupported online offer. On the other hand, they show insights into the relevance of the participants' interaction with the materials during the concrete activities as well as of their try outs in and their reflection on teaching practice during the intermittent practical phases.
Young Mothers and Dating Violence: An Examination of Depressive Symptomatology and Interpersonal Competency
Authors: Wallace Lauren C. , Jones Meredith C. , Angelone D. J. , Fife Dustin
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Young mothers are an understudied group at high risk for dating violence (DV) victimization and perpetration. Prior research has investigated depressive symptomatology as a predictor of DV in female adolescents and young women; however, minimal research focuses on young mothers, and the specific mechanisms influencing the relationship between depressive symptomatology and DV for young mothers remain elusive. Interpersonal competency is one potential mechanism given its role in creating healthy foundations for romantic relationships. The present study examined interpersonal competency as a potential mechanism linking depressive symptomatology and DV victimization and perpetration in a sample of young mothers. We hypothesized young mothers with elevated depressive symptomatology would report higher rates of DV victimization and perpetration, and that these associations would be mediated by interpersonal competence.

Methods

Young mothers ages 18–21 in the United States (n = 238) completed questionnaires pertaining to our primary variables of interest via an online, cross-sectional survey. We conducted a mediation analysis to examine the average causal mediation and average direct effects.

Results

DV experiences were related to depressive symptomatology and interpersonal competency. Interpersonal competency was not a mediator; however, direct effects were present between depressive symptomatology and DV victimization and perpetration.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that prevention interventions should target depressive symptomatology (i.e., hopelessness, feeling easily bothered, social isolation) and interpersonal competency (i.e., initiation, disclosure, emotional support) to reduce young mothers’ DV experiences.
An Experimental Study on how Messaging from CDC Affects Attitudes toward Mandatory MMR Vaccination for Schoolchildren
Authors: Viskupič Filip , Wiltse David L.
Published: February 2024

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health institutions, particularly the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were frequently attacked by politicians. Popular trust in these institutions declined, particularly among self-identified Republicans. Therefore, the effectiveness of public health institutions as vaccination messengers might have been weakened in the post-COVID-19 period. We conducted a survey experiment examining the effectiveness of messaging from the CDC in shaping people’s attitudes toward mandatory MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccination for schoolchildren.

Methods

The experiment was embedded in a survey fielded in South Dakota, a “red state” with a population predisposed to distrust the CDC. Using registration-sampling, we received 747 responses. We used difference-in-means tests and multivariate regression to analyze the data.

Results

We found that participants who received a message from the CDC were more likely to support MMR vaccine mandate for schoolchildren than participants who received the same prompt from a state agency. Further analyses showed that messaging from the CDC was particularly effective among Republicans.

Discussion

Overall, our study showed that although the CDC was caught up in the political skirmishes during the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains an authoritative source of public health information.

Conclusions

Public health officials at the local and state levels should not shy away from referring to the CDC in their vaccination messaging.
Barriers to immaterial property rights development in research organizations: an explorative study from Finland
Authors: Suominen Arho , Deschryvere Matthias
Published: February 2024

This study analyses immaterial property rights related organizational processes in public research organizations. The study investigates the structural barriers limiting intellectual property rights development and commercialization. In addition, the study focuses on how different types of public research organizations, namely universities, research and technology organizations, and polytechnics, differ in this respect. The study was implemented as a survey with 493 respondents. The study found that lack of awareness and questions around the impact IPR are the main barriers to immaterial property rights development. The study also found differences in organizational practices between RTOs and universities.
Electrochromic windows based on luminescent acrylate/ionosilicas
Authors: Pinheiro Daniela , Pereira Rui F. P. , Gonçalves Alexandra , Correia Sandra F. H. , Silva M. Manuela , Fortunato Elvira , Gonçalves Maria Cristina , Ferreira Rute A. S. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica
Published: February 2024

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based composite films doped with lanthanide-doped sol–gel derived imidazolium-based ionosilicas (IS-Ln) were recently proposed as active layers of luminescent down shifting (LDS) layers, but subsequent work demonstrated also their potential as electrolytes for electrochromic devices (ECDs) with foreseen application in smart windows of energy-efficient buildings. Nevertheless, some challenges remained to be addressed in the latter devices, the most critical one being the poor solubility of PMMA in the ionic liquid used in the formulation of these materials. To avoid this drawback, in the present work we propose novel lanthanide-containing acrylate/ionosilicas (AC/IS-Ln, Ln = Tb3+, Eu3+). The transparent, homogeneous, and luminescent hybrid materials synthesized are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, ionic conductivity, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Optimized samples are successfully employed as electrolytes in luminescent ECD prototypes. The ECD device doped with AC/IS-Eu shows good cycling stability with reproducible bleaching/coloring over 50 chronoamperometry cycles, high coloration efficiency (CE) values CEin/CEout in the visible (−89/+98 cm2 C−1), and near-infrared (−126/138 cm2 C−1) spectral regions, and outstanding memory effect.

Graphical Abstract
Isoconversional analysis of thermally stimulated events on pillared cyanometallates
Authors: Avila Y. , Ramírez Erick , Morgado P. A. , Ibarra Ilich A. , Rodríguez-Hernández J. , Balmaseda Jorge
Published: February 2024

We report the analysis, by the advanced isoconversional method of Vyazovkin, of the thermal events of pyridine molecule loss and spin crossover occurring in the two-dimensional compounds of molecular formulas: Fe(Pyridine)2[Fe(CN)5NO] and Fe(Pyridine)2[Ni(CN)4]. Experimental thermogravimetric data were used to analyze the thermal evolution of pyridine molecules in both compounds. Calorimetry was used to study the spin crossover in Fe(Pyridine)2[Ni(CN)4], while SQUID magnetometric for Fe(Pyridine)2[Fe(CN)5NO]. The analysis of the effective activation energy of the pyridine loss process suggested that, in both compounds, the thermal evolution of these molecules is highly influenced by the particle size due to the occurrence of a structural transformation of the gate-opening type. The effective activation energy of the latter technique applied to compound Fe(Pyridine)2[Ni(CN)4] showed a behavior very similar to that expected for a solid–solid transition that occurs by the nucleation mechanism. The results obtained shed light on the way towards the application of the studied compounds in sensors and switches devises for molecular detection.
Epigenetic-related transcriptional reprogramming elucidated by identification and validation of a novel reference gene combination for RT-qPCR studies in porcine oocytes of contrasting quality
Authors: Haug Linda Marijke , Wilson Robert C. , Alm-Kristiansen Anne Hege
Published: February 2024

Background

Reliable RT-qPCR results are dependent on appropriate normalisation. Oocyte maturation studies can be challenging in this respect, as the stage of development can distinctively affect reference gene transcript abundance. The aim of this study was to validate the use of reference genes in oocyte in vitro maturation RT-qPCR studies, and thereafter, examine the abundance of transcripts supporting histone modification during oocyte and early embryo development in oocytes of contrasting quality.

Methods and results

Total RNA from oocytes from prepubertal gilts and sows was extracted either directly succeeding follicle aspiration or after 44 h in vitro maturation, followed by RT-qPCR. The stability of YWHAG, HPRT1, ACTB, GAPDH, HMBS and PFKP, was analysed by NormFinder and further cross-validated by assessing results generated following application of different combinations of potential reference genes for normalisation of the RT-qPCR data. Combining ACTB and PFKP generated high stability according to NormFinder and concordant results. Applying this normalisation, gilt derived oocytes displayed significantly higher abundance than oocytes from sows of almost all the epigenetic-related transcripts studied (HDAC2, SIRT1, SALL4, KDM1A, KDM1B, KDM5A), both before and after maturation.

Conclusions

This study identified the combined use of ACTB and PFKP as the optimal normalisation for porcine oocyte RT-qPCR data. In oocytes collected from prepubertal gilts, transcription did not appear to be silenced at the time of aspiration, and accumulation of transcripts supporting histone modification facilitating proper fertilization and further embryo development seemed delayed. The results imply the epigenetic-related transcripts may have potential as markers of oocyte quality.
Compounding effects of changing sea level and rainfall regimes on pluvial flooding in New York City
Authors: Ghanbari Mahshid , Dell Tyler , Saleh Firas , Chen Ziyu , Cherrier Jennifer , Colle Brian , Hacker Joshua , Madaus Luke , Orton Philip , Arabi Mazdak
Published: February 2024

Coastal urban areas like New York City (NYC) are more vulnerable to urban pluvial flooding particularly because the rapid runoff from extreme rainfall events can be further compounded by the co-occurrence of high sea-level conditions either from tide or storm surge leading to compound flooding events. Present-day urban pluvial flooding is a significant challenge for NYC and this challenge is expected to become more severe with the greater frequency and intensity of storms and sea-level rise (SLR) in the future. In this study, we advance NYC’s assessment of present and future exposure to urban pluvial flooding through simulating various storm scenarios using a citywide hydrologic and hydraulic model. This is the first citywide analysis using NYC’s drainage models focusing on rainfall-induced flooding. We showed that the city’s stormwater system is highly vulnerable to high-intensity short-duration “cloudburst” events, with the extent and volume of flooding being the largest during these events. We further showed that rainfall events coupled with higher sea-level conditions, either from SLR or storm surge, could significantly increase the volume and extent of flooding in the city. We also assessed flood exposure in terms of the number of buildings and length of roads exposed to flooding as well as the number of the affected population. This study informs NYC’s residents of their current and future flood risk and enables the development of tailored solutions to manage increasing flood risk in the city.
Collective emotions and the distributed emotion framework
Authors: Thonhauser Gerhard
Published: February 2024

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of the distributed emotion framework and to conceptualize collective emotions within that framework. According to the presented account, dynamics of mutual affecting and being affected might couple individuals such that macro-level self-organization of a distributed cognitive system emerges. The paper suggests calling a distributed self-organizing system consisting of several emoters a “collective.” The emergence of a collective with a distributed affective process enables the involved individuals to enact emotions together. Accordingly, the suggestion is to conceptualize collective emotions as mereologically complex affective processes consisting of contributions which are distributed among several individuals and integrated through ongoing macro-level self-organization. To spell-out this account, the paper combines key conceptual resources from dynamical systems theory, enactive cognitive science, ecological psychology, and phenomenology. A second aim of the paper is distinguishing collective emotions from group-based emotions and suggesting an understanding of shared emotions as a subtype of collective emotions within the distributed emotion framework.