bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can social dominance orientation predict intergroup hostility and aggression in South Africa? Testing the applicability of the SDO7(s) Scale
Authors: Gordon Steven Lawrence
Published: June 2021

What role does social dominance orientation theory play in explaining anti-immigrant violence in the South African context? Despite its popularity, studies of intergroup conflict in South Africa have tended to ignore the role of social dominance orientation theory in predicting aggression against minority groups. The article explores this role by examining whether a social dominance orientation can act as a determinant of mass opinion on, and personal engagement in, violence against foreign nationals in a large heterogeneous population. The impact of social dominance orientation will be assessed using the SDO7(s) Scale. Data from the 2018 round of the South African Social Attitudes Survey ( N = 2885) was utilised for this study. Rejection of group-based dominance and a preference for outgroup inclusion was found to be quite normative among the general public. Social dominance orientation proves to be a valid correlate of hostility against foreign nationals. The present study demonstrated that a social dominance orientation was positively associated with individual participation in anti-immigrant violence. In addition, the study showed that the SDO7(s) was negatively correlated with both positive contact with foreign nationals and a welcoming predisposition towards this group. The research demonstrates the applicability of the SDO7(s) Scale in a South African context.
Do alternative approaches work in surgical septal myectomy?
Authors: Varma Praveen Kerala , Krishna Neethu , Jose Rajesh , Gopal Kirun , Ahamed Hisham
Published: June 2021

Trans-aortic septal myectomy is the gold standard for septal reduction therapy. This technique has low peri-procedural mortality and excellent long-term survival. Moreover, it relieves the heart failure symptoms and improves the quality of life. Secondary chordal cutting along with septal myectomy has shown to improve the outcome but can potentially cause deterioration of left ventricular function. In patients with relatively thin inter-ventricular septum, abnormalities of mitral valve apparatus may be the main reason for systolic anterior motion and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. These patients may require additional procedures on the mitral valve to shift the coaptation plane away from outflow tract. Mitral valve replacement should be performed only in patients with intrinsic mitral valve abnormalities that are not suitable for repair and its routine use along with limited septal myectomy should be discouraged. Minimal access surgery although attractive in concept requires more robust data before universal application.
The American Review of Public Administration: A Biography
Authors: DiPadova-Stocks Laurie N. , Frederickson H. George , Thomas John Clayton
Published: June 2021

This article is an intellectual history of the noble endeavors and challenges involved in the creation and evolution of the American Review of Public Administration. It traces the journal’s development from its beginning as the Midwest Review of Public Administration ( MRPA) under the leadership of Park College professor Jerzy Hauptmann, a Polish intellectual who entered the United States at the end of World War II. Hauptmann launched MRPA with a regional focus, welcoming contributions from a variety of voices in public service–related occupations. A political scientist suspicious of the power of national governments, Hauptmann favored a less top-down regional approach. The article provides insights from the late 1960s into the growing field of public administration. Behind the scenes, the article chronicles the financial challenges, details of manuscript review processes, and more in an initially low-technology world. This history is also multi-institutional, detailing the journal’s transfer from a small college to a team of scholars, including coauthor John Clayton Thomas, at the three public administration programs of the University of Missouri—in Columbia, Kansas City, and St. Louis. We are indebted to our now-departed colleague and coauthor, George Frederickson, for the idea of writing this article.
Gun Dealer Motivations for Complying with the Law: Lessons from the Australian Experience of Gun Control
Authors: Fay Suzanna
Published: June 2021

Gun reform after a major mass shooting in Australia has largely been heralded as a success. However, understanding how compliance is encouraged among the gun owning community with a history of opposing regulation is currently limited in systematic sociological research. Gun dealers in particular appear to be important for understanding levels of compliance and possibilities for promoting compliance, as they are simultaneously involved in the compliance process and subject to its enforcement as members of the gun owning community. This paper positions gun dealers as street-level bureaucrats responsible for implementing gun regulations and uses a Compliance Motivation framework to explore the possible motivations for compliance and their role in promoting compliance within the gun owning community. Findings are based on 28 in-depth interviews with gun dealers across Australia and demonstrate the challenging but important role that gun dealer’s play in enacting gun control policy.
Prevalence and Correlates of Gray Market Use for Aging and Dementia Long-Term Care in the U.S
Authors: Shih Regina A. , Friedman Esther M. , Chen Emily K. , Whiting Grace C.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To estimate the national prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of gray market utilization, consisting of paid providers who are unrelated to the recipient, not working for a regulated agency, and potentially unscreened and untrained, for aging and dementia-related long-term care.

Methods

We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,037 American Life Panel respondents aged 18 years and older.

Results

Nearly a third of Americans who arranged paid care sought gray market care for persons with dementia, and most (65%) combined it with unpaid care. Respondents who arranged gray market care had 66% lower odds of currently working, and those living in rural areas had an almost 5-times higher odds of arranging dementia gray market care.

Discussion

Gray market care represents a substantial proportion of paid, long-term care for older adults and may fill gaps in access to care.
Consumer survey on the final consumer behavior concerning the disposal of WEEE in Germany
Authors: Kummer Sina , Löhle Stephan , Schmiedel Ute
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of the waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) collection masses in relation to the amounts placed on the market shows comparably low rates of about 43 to 45% in Germany for the last years. Since a minimum collection rate of 65% has to be achieved from 2019 onward, it is important to ask how the current low rates can be explained. In light of these low rates, the disposal behavior of consumers might play a significant role which is examined in this study. A survey was conducted at the end of February 2018 to assess the consumers’ behavior concerning the individual disposal of WEEE. The residents’ knowledge about the known return possibilities and the collection systems for WEEE were investigated and if disposal routes differ for large and for small devices. On top of that regional differences in disposal behavior within Germany were considered to explain in all the existing deficits in the collection rate. The consumer survey showed that predominantly regular routes for the disposal of WEEE are used and relevant quantities are not only physically “lost,” but that there are also significant deficits in the monitoring itself.
Not biology or culture alone: Response to El-Hout et al. (2021)
Authors: Stewart-Williams Steve , Halsey Lewis G
Published: June 2021

We respond to El-Hout et al.’s commentary on our paper ‘Men, Women and STEM: Why the Differences and What Should Be Done?’. El-Hout et al. challenge several aspects of the position we present in the paper and outline their recent work on the concept of ‘masculine defaults’: a plausible contributor to the gender gaps found in some STEM fields. For the most part, El-Hout et al. present our views fairly and accurately. In a number of places, however, they misdescribe them, especially when it comes to policy options. In this response, we clarify and expand on our earlier arguments and explore various interesting issues raised by El-Hout et al.’s commentary.
“Where My Gays At?” The Status of LGBTQ People and Queer Theory in Nonprofit Research
Authors: Meyer Seth J. , Dale Elizabeth J. , Willis Kareem K. M.
Published: June 2021

This article critically examines academic scholarship in the field of nonprofit studies that pertains to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people and issues. We introduce the key tenets of queer theory, a critical theory which encourages questioning social constructs, to nonprofit studies as a lens through which to examine the nonprofit sector. Using a queer approach, we analyze the past research on LGBTQ issues along the continuums of whether the research subjects are active or passive participants, and whether the focus on LGBTQ issues is ancillary or central. We find a minority of articles, most written between 2015 and 2019, which position LGBTQ people as central and active participants in the research. We conclude by providing a research agenda for how queer theory can be applied to the nonprofit sector and argue that placing LGBTQ people and organizations as central constituencies in nonprofit research will facilitate social change.
A CAD model for the tolerancing of mechanical assemblies considering non-rigid joints between parts with defects
Authors: Korbi Anis , Tlija Mehdi , Louhichi Borhen
Published: June 2021

During the design stage, the ideal simulation and visualization of the mechanical assemblies behavior require the modeling of parts with dimensional and geometrical defects. However, the deviations caused by parts deformations can generate an important difference between the ideal assembly and the real product. In this regard, this paper proposes a tolerance analysis method of CAD assemblies considering non-rigid joints between parts with defects. The determination of realistic rigid components with dimensional and geometrical defects is based on the worst case tolerancing approach and the Small Displacement Torsor (SDT) parameters. The Finite Element (FE) computation is executed to determine deformations of realistic non-rigid part models under external loads. Sub-algorithms to define non-rigid joints between realistic parts are developed. The tolerance analysis is established using the realistic CAD assembly. A case study is presented to evaluate the proposed model.
Ideology in the linguistic landscape: Towards a quantitative approach
Authors: Fabiszak Małgorzata , Buchstaller Isabelle , Brzezińska Anna Weronika , Alvanides Seraphim , Griese Frauke , Schneider Carolin
Published: June 2021

Past approaches to ideological commemorative street naming have taken for granted the concept of ideology, focusing on the policy decisions and the debates surrounding individual and more concerted resemioticisations. In this paper, we demonstrate that the concept of ideology in the context of commemorative street renaming is by no means unequivocal by illustrating how different decisions on what is or is not an ideological street name change influences the shape and the scope of ‘the ideological robe of the city’ (Zieliński, 1994). More specifically, we report on methodological decisions and their implications for representational politics in two towns, Zbąszyń in Poland and Annaberg-Buchholz in Germany, during consecutive waves of regime changes since the First World War. We rely on a complex data-set consisting of maps, town hall documents, street directories, newspapers and interviews with administrative officials. Visualisation of geographical patterns allows us to illustrate the outcomes of different definitions of ideology and explore how these definitions affect our analysis. Our primary aim is to arrive at systematic, and thus supra-locally operationalizable, analytical procedure for distinguishing ideological from non-ideological street naming practices.
Exploring students’ attitudes toward university e-textbooks: Experiences, expectations, and preferences
Authors: Su Shiao-Feng
Published: June 2021

Universities have been proactively exploring e-textbooks to resolve the issue of high textbook prices. The study examined students’ attitudes toward using e-textbooks through a questionnaire survey of 324 randomly sampled students from eight universities. The analysis highlighted students’ expectations from a library in terms of textbook provision and the preferred format, their intentions and behaviors toward the textbook purchase, perceived equitable discounts in price and ideal preview mechanisms offered by e-textbooks, assessment of e-textbooks, assessment of features in terms of usefulness and practicality, and the extrinsic and intrinsic motivators of adopting e-textbooks. Students in the West and East are similar in expecting libraries to underwrite their textbook access. The students prefer e-textbook over print for the library collection, but vice versa for individually owned textbooks. In the fast-growing virtual learning environment, direct library provision of e-textbooks has become essential, particularly during the pandemic and probably post-pandemic era. Big-screen mobile devices, such as laptops and tablets, are students’ most preferred options for reading e-textbooks. The students perceived e-textbooks as not yet mature and expected improvement. They also lack confidence in their self-control ability to read e-textbooks without distraction in the Internet environment. The findings suggest the design of motivator type of engagement features may focus on individual attainment.
How to reconnect different small worlds: Deconstructing the past that divides, pursuing a future that unites
Authors: Rohman Abdul
Published: June 2021

Violence associated with religion is prevalent globally. Informed by the concept of small world, in which people learn about beliefs and values to judge what information is relevant to them, this study investigates how information sharing helps a religiously polarized society depolarize after a series of violence. Based on 54 interviews and participant observations in Ambon, Indonesia, this study found that, after the violence ended, deconstructing fear of the other religious community conditioned the Ambonese to rethink the relevance of living in the small world. As one community managed to meaningfully interact with the other, opportunities for exchanging views and rebuilding relationships emerged. Re-establishing common values enabled the disparate communities to unite as a society for the sake of their collective future. These findings broadly offer insights as to how to reconcile differences in competing small worlds, especially where religion is an imminent threat to social cohesion.
Service Delivery and Accountability of Urban Officials: Evidence from Urban-based Local Government in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan A. H. M. Kamrul , Walters Peter , Khan Md. Adil
Published: June 2021

This study compares the state of city government service delivery for communities living in different areas with different level of affluence in Rajshahi City in Bangladesh. Based on the results of a qualitative study, we found a significant service disparity between the affluent and the poor communities. This disparity is due to the inability of the poor to hold service providers accountable, attributable to a lack of knowledge about services and a lack of social status. Lack of quality monitoring and a marked bias in the quality of interactions between the poor and the affluent contribute to the service disparity This disparity is largely invisible to the poor who, instead of comparing themselves with the affluent citizens, compare themselves with a similar class of people.
Creating Stakeholder Legitimacy in the Eyes of Stakeholders: The Case of Havana’s Paladares
Authors: Alvarez Sharon , Newman Arielle Badger , Barney Jay , Plomaritis Alexander
Published: June 2021

In desperation for survival, the Cuban government legalized limited forms of self-employment in the fall of 1993, and the Paladar industry (in home restaurants) was born and their numbers proliferated. For the next 25 years, the state oscillated between legalizing entrepreneurship to outright forbidding it; yet, the paladares thrived. This work explores and documents how different stakeholder evaluations of legitimacy of an entrepreneurial endeavor change over time and how these endeavors shape stakeholder’s evaluations of legitimacy. Utilizing archival data, in addition to firsthand interviews with various stakeholders, this paper documents key stakeholder evaluations of legitimacy in an endeavor’s context, the differences in these evaluations, how they change over time, and how these endeavors responded to and shaped these conflicts. The endeavors in our context shaped stakeholder views of legitimacy in ways that enabled them to gain access to the resources they needed to survive and prosper. This work brings a nuanced understanding of how stakeholders evaluate the legitimacy of entrepreneurial endeavors in contexts that are changing and emerging and how these evaluations are co-created in an iterative process between stakeholders and the endeavor.
Simulation With Standardized Patients Designed as Interventions to Develop Nursing Students’ Cultural Competence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qin Yang , Chaimongkol Nujjaree
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Nursing education is challenged to improve students’ cultural competence. Clinical simulation using standardized patients (SPs) may be an effective learning intervention. This systematic review was to identify current evidence on the use of simulations with SPs as learning interventions that have been developed to improve nursing students’ cultural competence and on the effectiveness of those interventions.

Method:

Using published guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of studies on simulation using SPs to teach cultural competence.

Results:

Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes of simulation with SPs increased levels of nursing students’ cultural competence. Simulations with SPs were used in theoretical and practicum courses of nursing students’ cultural competence, often combined with case-study and video presentations. Other forms of cultural education also improved cultural competence.

Discussion:

This study supports that a combination of lecture, case-based learning, and simulation with SPs can increase nursing students’ cultural competence.
Collapsible fluid-filled fabric shock absorber with constant force
Authors: Vahid Alizadeh Hossein , Fanton Michael , Camarillo David B
Published: June 2021

Energy absorption is an important challenge shared by multiple different industries including manufacturing, transportation, and protective equipment. This paper presents a novel shock absorption system based on woven fabrics designed to fully collapse and absorb energy at a near-minimum force level. The proposed system exerts an approximately constant force across different impact velocities. This system utilizes a fixed-orifice hydraulic shock absorber with variable contact area over its displacement to provide a nearly-constant force which scales with impact energy. Using analytical fluid dynamics, the contact area needed to produce a constant minimum force is derived. A finite element model of this shock absorber is created to validate the concept. Different impact conditions are simulated. The results confirm that the proposed fabric shock absorber is capable of producing a nearly-constant force across different impact energies. In simulation, the fabric shock absorber follows the ideal constant force profile with an averaged efficiency of 77.8% ± 3.4% which is far above standard foams which have efficiency of only approximately 20%–40%. The proposed system is compared with a cylindrical damper to show performance improvements gained through variable area geometry. Potential applications of this technology include soft devices for space-constrained applications such as contact sport helmets.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Calcaneoplasty for Insertional Achilles Tendon Problems
Authors: Ferranti Stefano , Migliorini Filippo , Liuni Federico Maria , Corzani Marco , Azzarà Alfio , Polliano Flavio , Tawfiq Abusaa Saher Sami , Maffulli Nicola
Published: June 2021

Background:

Percutaneous procedures have been used recently to treat insertional Achilles tendon problems. The present study reports our results of this treatment approach.

Methods:

Patients undergoing percutaneous calcaneoplasty for insertional Achilles tendon problems were retrieved. Patients completed the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire before the operative procedure and at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, we asked the patients whether they were completely satisfied, moderately satisfied, or unsatisfied after the procedure. Complications were also recorded.

Results:

A total of 27 patients were enrolled. The average follow-up was 26.5 months (range 6-68). The mean age of patients was 56.2 years (24-82). The mean VAS score before surgery was 8.1 ± 0.9 decreasing by the last follow-up to 2.4 ± 2.3 ( P < .0001). The mean VISA-A score improved from 20.7 ± 5.4 to 75.7 ± 25.5 at last follow-up, an improvement of 55% ( P < .0001). At the last follow-up, 84.5% (22 of 27) patients were completely satisfied with the procedure, 7.4% (2 of 27) moderately satisfied, and 11.1% (3 of 27) were not satisfied. These last 3 patients presented recurrence of symptoms, requiring revision surgery.

Conclusion:

For the selected patients, we found percutaneous calcaneoplasty to be an effective treatment for insertional Achilles tendon problems

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective study.
Multivariate Base Rates and Concussion Detection: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gaudet Charles E.
Published: June 2021

Recent research has yielded multivariate base rates (MBRs) of low scores in healthy populations using a widely adopted concussion screening measure, Immediate Postconcussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). However, the extent to which individuals with concussion obtain reliable changes at divergent frequencies relative to healthy individuals is largely unknown. The present study examined whether MBRs of reliable change accurately discriminated between those with and without concussion. This archival review consisted of 129 healthy individuals and 81 individuals with concussion. MBRs of reliable change scores were examined at varying cutoffs and frequencies between those with and without concussion. Composites showed small to medium effect sizes in differentiating between those with and without concussion. MBRs of reliable change scores on ImPACT provided limited discriminative utility in isolation. Computations of posttest probabilities using Bayes’ Theorem yielded evidence for incremental gains when utilizing MBRs of reliable change under certain constraints.
The Equity Paradox Typology: An Application of Critical Race Methodology to Redress Racial Harm Against Faculty of Color
Authors: James Marlon C. , Williams John A. , Díaz Beltrán Ana Carolina , Vásquez Neshyba Mónica , Ogletree Quinita , Young Jemimah
Published: June 2021

This inquiry unearths the stratified nature of racial harm in higher education by applying counterstorytelling to fashion an equity case study on racial harm. Racial harm consists of four conditions (hyper-cognition, hyper-isolation, hyper-distress, and hyper-reactivity) brought on by persistent exposure to racial discrimination embedded subtlety within academic departments as a series of racialized conflicts (diversity & curriculum clashes, and relational & power dynamics). To advance the use of qualitative research to end racism in higher education, we offer a true-telling framework, a guide for talking back, a research typology to unearth the pandemic of racism infecting faculty relations.
Still Following Our North Star: The Necessity of Black Women’s Spiritual (Re)Membering in Qualitative (Re)search
Authors: Dillard Cynthia B. , Neal Amber M.
Published: June 2021

Qualitative researchers often engage inquiry with attention to the mind, a bit to the body, and scant attention to the spirit, ignoring the complex role that our inner lives play in conducting research. Black/endarkened feminist scholars center (re)search as an academic, political, and spiritual endeavor that necessitates the ethical practice of (re)membering, Thus, acknowledging spirit is at the center of inquiry, a tool of survival, and self-definition against enduring anti-Black oppressions and structures. This article explores how Black women (re)searchers who (re)member the spirit in qualitative (re)search can articulate new questions of qualitative (re)search centered on race, personhood, and spirit.
Online data analysis and reduction: An important Co-design motif for extreme-scale computers
Authors: Foster Ian , Ainsworth Mark , Bessac Julie , Cappello Franck , Choi Jong , Di Sheng , Di Zichao , Gok Ali M , Guo Hanqi , Huck Kevin A , Kelly Christopher , Klasky Scott , Kleese van Dam Kerstin , Liang Xin , Mehta Kshitij , Parashar Manish , Peterka Tom , Pouchard Line , Shu Tong , Tugluk Ozan , van Dam Hubertus , Wan Lipeng , Wolf Matthew , Wozniak Justin M , Xu Wei , Yakushin Igor , Yoo Shinjae , Munson Todd
Published: June 2021

A growing disparity between supercomputer computation speeds and I/O rates means that it is rapidly becoming infeasible to analyze supercomputer application output only after that output has been written to a file system. Instead, data-generating applications must run concurrently with data reduction and/or analysis operations, with which they exchange information via high-speed methods such as interprocess communications. The resulting parallel computing motif, online data analysis and reduction (ODAR), has important implications for both application and HPC systems design. Here we introduce the ODAR motif and its co-design concerns, describe a co-design process for identifying and addressing those concerns, present tools that assist in the co-design process, and present case studies to illustrate the use of the process and tools in practical settings.
Early treatment with dexamethasone intravitreal implants in diabetic macular edema: Naïve versus refractory patients
Authors: Bux Anna V , Fortunato Francesca , Barone Antonio , Russo Vincenzo , Delle Noci Nicola , Iaculli Cristiana
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To assess the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone 0.7 mg implants (DEX-I) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) either naïve to therapy or refractory to anti-VEGF treatment, in a single-center, real-world setting.

Methods:

Patients diagnosed with DME and treated with DEX-I were retrospectively enrolled in the study and split in two groups: naïve (Group 1, n = 64) and refractory (Group 2, n = 64) to treatment. Patients were evaluated at baseline, at 1 month, and every 3 months after each DEX-I implant. Main outcome measures were change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline to follow-up visits.

Results:

Significant improvements in BCVA were observed in treatment-naïve patients at 6 months following the first and second DEX-I injection ( p = 0.0023 and p = 0.0063, respectively), with significant reductions in mean CMT at 6 months after all DEX implants. In treatment-refractory patients, mean CMT was significantly reduced from baseline to 6 months ( p < 0.05) after all DEX-I injections, although no changes were observed in BCVA.

Conclusions:

DEX-I improved visual acuity and macular edema mostly in treatment-naïve patients, suggesting DEX-I may be a viable first-line treatment option in DME.
The red eye
Authors: Bonini Stefano
Published: June 2021

The red eye is one of the most common cause encountered in ophthalmic practice but a red eye is not always related to eye diseases, instead, it may be a clinical sign of several systemic diseases which may the alarmin signal of sight-threatening or life-threatening condition. Frequently, GPs, pediatricians, immunologists, and rheumatologists are the first landing of patients with a “red eye.” This paper is addressed to non-ophthalmic specialists who may be faced with patients having a red eye. Inspection of the external eye under standard office lighting or with a bright light can be easily and accurately made by a general practitioner. Three major caveats should alert the GPs to promptly refer the patient to the ophthalmologist: the presence of pain; the loss of the natural corneal transparency and specular reflex; and any patient-described reduction of visual acuity. In most cases, a red eye is due to occasional and mild ocular surface reaction as consequence of exposure of the external eye to irritants and naturally occurring environmental agents. In these cases washing the eye with a tear lubricant may help in relief of symptoms. If this treatment fails within a few days, a consultation with an ophthalmologist is suggested. The role of the general physician is crucial in the decision making to judge the severity of the ocular condition. Managing a red eye often requires the support of other specialists. Our goal is not only to preserve vision but to globally cure the patient health.
Acute hepatitis post arteriovenous graft thrombectomy of hemodialysis vascular access
Authors: Rodríguez-Espinosa Diana , Rodas Lida , Cuadrado Elena , Hermida Evelyn , Piñeiro Gastón Julio , Molina Alicia , Broseta José Jesús , Fontseré Néstor , Maduell Francisco
Published: June 2021

The following paper reports the case of a woman on in-center hemodialysis through an arteriovenous graft, who attended with an acute vascular access thrombosis. Post percutaneous thrombectomy, the patient presented a rare case of self-limited acute hepatitis secondary to the revascularization procedure. We explain the probable trigger for this complication, its pathophysiology, management, and evolution.
Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Mao Kailin , Lin Fang , Zhang Yingai , Zhou Hailong
Published: June 2021

Gefitinib resistance is a serious threat in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapies to overcome gefitinib resistance is urgently needed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the gene expression profile GSE122005 between gefitinib-sensitive and resistant samples. GO and KEGG analyses were performed with DAVID. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to visualize DEGs and screen hub genes. The functional roles of CCL20 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were examined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in inflammatory, cell chemotaxis, and PI3K signal regulation. Ten hub genes were identified based on the PPI network. The survival analysis of the hub genes showed that CCL20 had a significant effect on the prognosis of LUAD patients. GSEA analysis showed that CCL20 high expression group was mainly enriched in cytokine-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that changes in inflammation and cytokine-related signaling pathways are closely related to gefitinib resistance in patients with lung cancer. The CCL20 gene may promote the formation of gefitinib resistance, which may serve as a new biomarker for predicting gefitinib resistance in patients with lung cancer.
Pathways for sexual health promotion among Indigenous boys and men: stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Biderman Maya , Doria Nicole , Sinno Jad , Rand Jenny Rebekah , Hackett Lisa , Miller Arthur Dave , McMillan Jane , Lekas Scott , Numer Matthew
Published: June 2021

The sexual health of Indigenous Peoples in Canada has been identified as an important community and public health concern; however, there is a lack of research on the sexual health needs of Indigenous boys and men. This article shares results from interviews conducted with six stakeholders to explore pathways for sexual health promotion and considers the impacts of colonialism and other socio-political contextual factors on Indigenous boys’ and men’s sexual health. The study employed thematic analysis, and the findings indicate the following three pathways for sexual health promotion of Indigenous boys and men: (1) developing healthy relationships and highlighting role models, (2) providing access to comprehensive sexual health information, and (3) fostering open communication among Indigenous boys and men. Sexual health promotion with Indigenous boys and men in Atlantic Canada should include addressing the impacts of colonization and their unique socio-cultural contexts.
Global Hypertrophic Calcification of Shoulder Joint Capsule
Authors: Aldehaim Abdulkarim Yousef , Alarfaj Abdurhman Saud
Published: June 2021

Background:

Calcification around the shoulder joint usually occur inside or around the tendons of the rotator cuff. We herein report on a case of global hypertrophic calcification of shoulder joint capsule in a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis.

Case Report:

An 86 years-old male with a long-standing history of seropositive Rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment for his Rheumatoid arthritis included Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine initially, but due lack of control, adalimumab was added with excellent control of his arthritis. He has progressively experienced an increasing pain and stiffness in his shoulders, in addition to an increasing limitation of shoulder movement. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed severe arthritis with remoulding deformity with extensive capsular calcification, intra-articular loose-bodies.

Discussion:

This phenomenon of calcification of shoulder capsule has not been reported before. The pathophysiology of calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder remains controversial. The calcific deposits consist of poorly-crystallized hydroxyapatite.

Conclusion:

Global hypertrophic calcification of shoulder joint capsule is unique and unreported in the literature. We can postulate that the long-standing inflammation of the synovial lining of the capsules had a major part. Moreover, Diabetes Mellitus, smoking, and repetitive manoeuvres are recognized contributing factors as well for similar conditions. Genetic predisposition seems to play a role as well. We think all those have played part in the development of this unprecedented presentation. Management should be tailored to target specific symptoms for pain, rigidity, and decreasing calcification size. Several options are available, including Kinesiotherapy, electrotherapy modalities, iontophoresis, electroshock wave therapy, and finally surgical approaches for progressive and refractory cases.
First language versus second language effect on memory for motion events: The role of language type and proficiency
Authors: Filipović Luna
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives/purpose/research question:

This research probes for language effects on witness memory in bilingual speakers whose languages are typologically distinct, English and Spanish. The key question is whether speakers’ memory for agentive motion events is influenced by first language (L1) or second language (L2) patterns, or both, when the L2 is used for descriptions.

Design/methodology/approach:

Four groups were tested in an event verbalisation and recognition memory task: English monolinguals, Spanish monolinguals, Late L1 English/L2 Spanish bilinguals and late L1 Spanish/L2 English bilinguals. The video stimuli depicted complex motion events (three manners of motion per event) because complex rather than simple events have been shown to elicit language effects.

Data and analysis:

The data for analyses include (a) the number of mentions and the type of detail included in the verbalisation of the manner of motion (the key typological difference) and (b) recognition error rates in the memory task. Recognition errors occurred when the pairs of target videos were deemed the same while in fact they were not.

Findings/conclusions:

Speaking in a L2 that makes it difficult to verbalise a component of an event (manner of motion) can have a negative effect on the memory for that specific component in L2 speakers, while at the same time benefiting memory for some other event features.

Originality:

This work shows, for the first time, negative effects of a L2 on memory for motion events and offers a hitherto elusive explanation and theoretical justification for the reasons when and why we do, or do not, get beneficial effects on memory in bilinguals.

Significance/implications:

The findings contribute to understanding of the effects of late (adult L2) acquisition on cognition. They support predictions of the Complex Adaptive System Principles (CASP) for Bilingualism model, advocating fine-grained typological approaches to lexicalisation of cognitive domains and explicit teaching of typological differences that affect information content.
Child and family health nurses’ roles in the care of infants and children: A scoping review
Authors: Wightman Louise , Hutton Alison , Grant Julian
Published: June 2021

Child and family health nurses (CFHNs) work in a variety of settings with families to promote optimal growth and development in infants and children from birth to 5 years. Literature is available about models of care that CFHNs use in their work, but there is limited information about how CFHNs enact care specifically for infants and children. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and contextualize existing knowledge of how CFHNs, both in Australia and internationally, care for infants and children. Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) framework was used to review 27 studies from Australia, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark and Canada. It was identified that CFHNs, equipped with a range of assessment tools for early intervention and health promotion, use a partnership approach when working with parents to promote the health and well-being of infants and children. The literature revealed the complexity of the roles undertaken by CFHNs when caring for infants and children. Review findings indicated that CFHNs’ work is distinctive because it is conducted in home and community settings, is relational and salutogenic in nature and is also located in the domain of preventative health and early intervention.
Security as care: communitarianism, social reproduction and gender in southern Israel
Authors: Aharoni Sarai B. , Sa’ar Amalia , Lewin Alisa C.
Published: June 2021

The article engages with feminist care theories and practices of community building in the context of armed conflict. Based on an ethnographic study (2016–2018) of the security concerns of Israeli citizens living in the Gaza Envelope and their positions regarding the siege on Gaza, we find that in this region, vernacular security is closely linked with care, social reproduction and communitarianism. Communitarian ethics is intertwined with separatist, state-centred discourses on national ‘trauma and resilience’. In this context, Jewish-Israeli women care for their own communities as a way to ensure survival and civilian resilience. They generally disengage from moral dilemmas concerning the suffering of Palestinians. On a deeper level, the practice of security as care combines the hegemonic Israeli security paradigm of women’s soldierhood with an institutional and cultural obsession with trauma-oriented activities. Showing strong ethno-nationalist identifications, these women tend to overlook and even support the state’s violent siege on Gaza, which is seen as a zero-sum game. We conclude that the gendered dimensions of communitarian ethics in Israel are relevant for understanding the limitations and challenges of contemporary cosmopolitan feminism and a global politics of care.
Liner development at low technology readiness level utilizing the advanced noise control fan
Authors: Sutliff Daniel L
Published: June 2021

The Advanced Noise Control Fan (ANCF) was utilized in the design, test, and evaluation for technical risk mitigation for many of the innovative ducted acoustic liner technologies developed by NASA over the past 20 years. The ANCF is a low-speed ducted fan test bed for measuring and understanding fan-generated aeroacoustics, duct propagation, and radiation to the farfield. It is considered a low Technology Readiness Level testbed. The international aeroacoustics research community employed the ANCF to facilitate advancement of liner concepts, liner measurement technologies, and for liner code validation. From 1994 to 2016, it was located in the NASA Glenn Research Center’s Applied Aero Propulsion Laboratory. In 2016 the ANCF was transferred to the University of Notre Dame where it is expected to continue to positively impact research in the liner area. This paper summarizes the capabilities and contributions of the ANCF to the field of liner development by documenting its history.
Defect detection in guided wave signals using nonlinear autoregressive exogenous method
Authors: Wang Kangwei , Zhang Jie , Shen Yi , Karkera Benjamin , Croxford Anthony J , Wilcox Paul D
Published: June 2021

To perform long-term structural health monitoring, a method based on a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous network is used to learn the features present in signals acquired from a pristine structure. When a subsequent measured signal is input to the trained nonlinear autoregressive exogenous network, the output is a prediction of the equivalent signal from a pristine structure. The residual when the pristine predicted signal is subtracted from the measured signal is used for defect detection and localization. A methodology of how to train, test and assess a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous network for guided wave signals is introduced and applied to experimental data obtained over a period of 8 years from a sparse array of guided wave sensors deployed on a steel storage tank. A separate nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model is trained for each sensor pair in the array using data captured in 2012. The method is first tested using data from a single pair of sensors. Defect signals are synthesized by superposing simulated responses from defects onto later experimental signals obtained from the real structure. The test results for the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous method show better detection performance than those from the optimal baseline selection method, in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves. The detection performance of the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous method is further assessed on signals from the whole sensor array, again with simulated defect responses superposed. It is shown that good detection and localization performance can be achieved by combining the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous residual signals from different sensor pairs. The nonlinear autoregressive exogenous method is tested on experimental data acquired at intervals over the following 7 years as the condition of the tank naturally degrades. Indications from localized corrosion are observed. Finally, an artificial localized anomaly is added to the tank and is visible at the correct location in the image formed using the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous method.
Damage imaging in skin-stringer composite aircraft panel by ultrasonic-guided waves using deep learning with convolutional neural network
Authors: Cui Ranting , Azuara Guillermo , Lanza di Scalea Francesco , Barrera Eduardo
Published: June 2021

The detection and localization of structural damage in a stiffened skin-to-stringer composite panel typical of modern aircraft construction can be addressed by ultrasonic-guided wave transducer arrays. However, the geometrical and material complexities of this part make it quite difficult to utilize physics-based concepts of wave scattering. A data-driven deep learning (DL) approach based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is used instead for this application. The DL technique automatically selects the most sensitive wave features based on the learned training data. In addition, the generalization abilities of the network allow for detection of damage that can be different from the training scenarios. This article describes a specific 1D-CNN algorithm that has been designed for this application, and it demonstrates its ability to image damage in key regions of the stiffened composite test panel, particularly the skin region, the stringer’s flange region, and the stringer’s cap region. Covering the stringer’s regions from guided wave transducers located solely on the skin is a particularly attractive feature of the proposed SHM approach for this kind of complex structure.
Shared decision-making in patient–doctor consultations – How does it relate to other patient-centred aspects and satisfaction?
Authors: Bodegård Helene , Helgesson Gert , Olsson Daniel , Juth Niklas , Lynøe Niels
Published: June 2021

Background

This study was designed to investigate how patient-reported shared decision-making relates to other aspects of patient centredness and satisfaction.

Methods

Questionnaire study with patients. Consecutive patients in primary care responding post visit. Associations are presented as proportions, positive predictive values, with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

223 patient questionnaires were included. 62% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 55–69) of the patients indicated the highest possible rating of being involved in the decisions about their ongoing care (self-reported SDM). Self-reported SDM had a positive predictive value (PPV) of between 85% (CI: 77–90) and 95% (CI: 90–98) for five other patient-centred aspects and satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results suggest that shared decision making is the patient-centred aspect hardest to achieve and that a patient-centred process leading up to the decision-making increases the chance of the patient being involved in the decision-making.
Investigating the relationship between moral sensitivity and attitude towards euthanasia in nursing students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Yazdanparast Elnaz , Davoudi Malihe , Ghorbani Seyed Hasan , Akbarian Amirhossein , Chenari Hadi Ahmadi
Published: June 2021

Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues in medical ethics and one of the ten major ethical challenges in medicine and health sciences. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between moral sensitivity and attitudes toward euthanasia among nursing students at Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Birjand University of Medical Sciences has four nursing schools. Cluster sampling method was used for selection of samples. After sampling Ferdows nursing school was selected. Nursing students of Ferdows School were 156 person which 144 participated in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Students completed demographic information questionnaire, moral sensitivity questionnaire and euthanasia attitude questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS software version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings of this study showed that among nursing students, the mean score of moral sensitivity was 59.59 ± 11.21 and was moderate. The mean score of attitudes towards euthanasia was 0.981 ± 0.336. In addition, according to the results, correlation test showed that there is a significant direct but weak relationship between moral sensitivity and attitude to euthanasia in students (P < 0.01, R = 0.219). According to the findings of the present study, moral sensitivity as a scientific concept is one of the determining factors in attitudes toward euthanasia, but other factors can also affect nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia, which should be investigated and determined in future research.