bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the VRLA Battery Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication
Authors: Lu Rui , Lu Jiwu , Liu Ping , He Min , Liu Jiangwei
Published: August 2020

The VRLA (valve-regulated lead-acid) battery is an important part of a direct current (DC) power system. In order to resolve issues of large volume, complicated wiring, and single function for a battery monitoring system at present, we propose to build a novel intelligent-health-monitoring system. The system is based on the ZigBee wireless communication module for collecting voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and battery current in real-time. A general packet radio service (GPRS) network is employed for interacting data with the cloud-monitoring platform. The system can predict the remaining capacity of the battery combined with the software algorithm for realizing real-time monitoring of the battery’s health status and fault-warning, providing a basis for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the battery. In addition, the system effectively integrates most of the circuits of the battery status collector onto one chip, which greatly reduces the size and the power consumption of the collector and also provides a possibility for embedding each VRLA battery with a chip that can monitor the health status during the whole life. The test results indicate that the system has the characteristics of real-time monitoring, high precision, small-volume, and comprehensive functions.
Community-Based Tourism in Ecuador: Community Ventures of the Provincial and Cantonal Networks
Authors: Maldonado-Erazo Claudia Patricia , del Río-Rama María de la Cruz , Noboa-Viñan Patricio , Álvarez-García José
Published: August 2020

The aim of this work is to identify community the initiatives anchored to community-based tourism (CBT) in Ecuador with the aim of providing an overview of the current reality of community tourism in the country, in addition to publicizing the product lines under development within community initiatives. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis based on the review of secondary sources, which reflect the reality of the different tourism initiatives related to the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE) at the level of continental Ecuador. FEPTCE groups indigenous, Afro–Ecuadorian, Montubian and mestizo communities, who depend on their territory and have identified tourism as a mechanism to continue living with dignity within these territories, due to the option of economic diversification that is generated. Within the communities that belong to the FEPTCE, living with dignity implies achieving a good quality of life, which is not based on satisfying a series of basic needs, but implies going further, achieving the idea of “Good Living”, that is to say, reaching an appreciation of well-being, based on the conception of the full set of what culture is, in order to generate comprehensive sustainability of its spaces. Among the main results, the distribution and coverage that the FEPTCE has within continental Ecuador regarding community tourism is shown and analyzed. As a formal network of community-based tourism, it is made up of five networks at the regional level and nine at the provincial or cantonal level, which are analyzed in this study. The consolidation of the initiatives launched has been difficult with only 83 of the initial 121 being active and only 18 registered as community tourist centers. This case study shows that in Ecuador the network approach as the first step in the development of the CBT worked. Therefore, the development of the CBT must be approached from a network approach in which indigenous peoples (indigenous, mestizo, Afro-descendant, etc.) participate, administrations, the private sector, civil society, NGOs and tourist destinations, to which they must to join academic institutions by contributing solid data obtained through research that helps tourism development.
Causality Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Consumer Price of Veal: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Mat Burak , Arikan Mehmet Saltuk , Çevrimli Mustafa Bahadir , Akin Ahmet Cumhur , Tekindal Mustafa Agah
Published: August 2020

It is interesting to identify the reasons and the direction of the correlation between the input/output prices and the macro/micro parameters in animal production processes. In the present study, the time series of the monthly data between the years 2014 and 2019 were analyzed to examine the factors that affected the consumer price of carcass meat in Turkey. An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the consumer price of carcass meat and the prices of cattle fattening feed, the exchange rate of the dollar, producer price index (PPI), and the agricultural PPI, which were anticipated to affect the consumer price of carcass meat as determined by the Granger causality analysis. According to econometric analysis results, when there is a change in carcass producer price, cattle fattening feed and PPI in the short term, the consumer price of carcass meat is affected by this. The producer price of carcass and PPI variables are determined to be the cause of each other’s Granger. At the same time, the PPI variable and the consumer price of carcass meat and dollar rate variables were found to be the cause of each other’s Granger. If Turkey is to prevent the excessive fluctuations in the consumer- and producer-prices of carcass meat caused by macro variables, an effective price control mechanism should be put into practice. It seems that this change would be possible only by developing and implementing policies to lower the input prices and production costs.
Early Childhood Social Competence Scale (EC-SCS): Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Fernández-Castillo Antonio
Published: August 2020

The Early Childhood Social Competence Scale (EC-SCS) was elaborated to evaluate social behavior on behalf of others in infantile populations. Due to the emergence and development of these behaviors from very early ages, the interest in its assessment is high from a developmental, educational, and applied perspective. The aim of the present study is to develop a Spanish population version of the scale, considering a specific dimensional structure. It was tested with a sample of 504 children of ages between 3 and 5 years, enrolled in school centers of infantile education. The results show that the new version of the instrument is a suitable measure for the assessment of social competence behaviors in early infancy. The joint consideration of prosocial and unfriendly behavior is important as it allows for the promotion of social competence behaviors and optimizes the detection of and intervention in behavioral problems later in life.
Physical Activity Levels for Girls and Young Adult Women versus Boys and Young Adult Men in Spain: A Gender Gap Analysis
Authors: Mayo Xian , Luque-Casado Antonio , Jimenez Alfonso , del Villar Fernando
Published: August 2020

Despite that the health benefits of physical activity (PA) are clear, during the last years, a noticeable plateau or slight increase in physical inactivity levels in Spanish adolescents and young adults has been reported. In addition, there seems to be a progressive reduction of the total PA performed with age in both adolescent and young women as well as adult men. We aimed to analyze these changes with age in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a sample of Spanish adolescents and young adults within the age range of 15–24 years old (n = 7827), considering the gender and using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. For that, we implemented a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) considering both the gender and the age group surveyed. Generally, our findings showed a reduction in the daily MVPA performed from adolescence to young adulthood in Spaniards. Within these reductions, girls reduce their PA levels at a different age and pace in adolescence and young adulthood in comparison to boys. Though girls were less active than boys in the 15–18 year age range, these differences were no longer significant at older ages. Our results point out the necessity of implementing different policy approaches based on gender (i.e., for girls and young women), since reductions in the MVPA performed occur at particular ages and paces in comparison to boys and young men. This difference indicates that the traditional approach during adolescence and young adulthood is inadequate for tackling physical inactivity without considering the population’s gender.
Innovative Methods for Small Mixed Batches Production System Improvement: The Case of a Bakery Machine Manufacturer
Authors: Zgodavova Kristina , Bober Peter , Majstorovic Vidosav , Monkova Katarina , Santos Gilberto , Juhaszova Darina
Published: August 2020

One of the common problems of organizations with turn-key projects is the high scrap rate. There exist such traditional methods as Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and DMAIC tools that analyze causes and suggest solutions. New emerging intelligent technologies should influence these methods and tools as they affect many areas of our life. The purpose of this paper is to present the innovative Small Mixed Batches (SMB). The standard set of LSS tools is extended by intelligent technologies such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and machine learning. The proposed method uses the data-driven quality strategy to improve the turning process at the bakery machine manufacturer. The case study shows the step-by-step DMAIC procedure of critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics improvement. Findings from the data analysis lead to a change of measurement instrument, training of operators, and lathe machine set-up correction. However, the scrap rate did not decrease significantly. Therefore the advanced mathematical model based on ANN was built. This model predicts the CTQ characteristics from the inspection certificate of the input material. The prediction model is a part of a newly designed process control scheme using machine learning algorithms to reduce the variability even for input material with different properties from new suppliers. Further research will be focused on the validation of the proposed control scheme, and acquired experiences will be used to support business sustainability.
Restoration of a Historic Building in Order to Improve Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving—Case Study—The Dining Room within the Žiča Monastery Property
Authors: Šekularac Nenad , Ivanović-Šekularac Jelena , Petrovski Aleksandar , Macut Nikola , Radojević Milan
Published: August 2020

A proper systematic approach to the restoration of historic buildings is crucial in the preservation of heritage buildings. This paper presents the unity between the restoration of a historic building and sustainability. The aim of the research is to establish an effective method for the restoration of historic buildings and their reuse and sustainable renovation in terms of energy efficiency, in accordance with modern needs and conservation requirements while maintaining the authentic appearance. The main method in the paper is the observation of a historic building during its restoration and exploitation, analysis and evaluation of the results achieved in improving energy efficiency and energy saving in the example of the building within the Žica Monastery in Serbia, a cultural monument of exceptional importance. The subject of the research is the Dining Room within the Žiča Monastery and the analysis of the restoration results in order to ensure energy refurbishment and cultural heritage enhancement. The research findings are recommendations for the restoration and adaptive re-use of historic buildings, in accordance with modern requirements for comfort and environmental protection. The greatest contribution of this paper is the practical verification of energy refurbishment of the restored historic building, the Dining Room, by applying the principles and measures of energy efficiency, maintaining the authentic appearance of the building, in accordance with the conservation requirements.
The Willingness to Pay in the Food Sector. Testing the Hypothesis of Consumer Preferences for Some Made in Italy Products
Authors: Cappelli Lucio , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Arezzo Maria Felice , Ruggieri Roberto , Gorelova Irina
Published: August 2020

Previous publications have shown that Italian consumers are willing to pay a premium price for certain categories of Made in Italy products. The premium price has proven to be higher in the food sector. This study provides an extensive literature review on the topic and aims to test a hypothesis regarding consumer preferences towards some Made in Italy food products of mass consumption (olive oil, meat and fish), with specific reference to the value systems that influence the purchase. This paper studies the correlation between the potential willingness to pay a premium price for the mentioned products and the characteristics of consumers’ sample. The results obtained confirm the willingness to pay for Made in Italy products and correlate the willingness to pay a premium price with the level of education of the respondents to the questionnaire. Thus, these findings show that consumers with a higher educational level tend to make more sustainable food choices and by doing so lean toward a sustainable lifestyle.
Key Factors in Measuring Ammonia Emissions with Dynamic Flux Chamber in Barns
Authors: Kang Seongmin , Hong Yoonjung , Im Moon Soon , Kim Seong-Dong , Jeon Eui-Chan
Published: August 2020

In this study, measurement methods for estimating the NH3 emissions in barns and the development of different emission factors were reviewed, and the factors to be considered when applying a dynamic flux chamber approach were analyzed. First, one of the factors to be considered when applying the dynamic flux chamber was determined as the stabilization time in the chamber. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the concentration in the chamber stabilized after 45 min. This is considered to take longer than the stabilization time of 20 min suggested in the previous study. The second is the choice of the measurement method. This method includes real-time measurement and the indophenol method. As a result of the experiment in both methods, the ammonia flux showed a difference of about 10%, so both methods are considered to be considered. Therefore, it is judged that the methodology should be selected according to the situation, such as weather or electric power secured at the barn site. In the future, if studies on whether the stabilization time in the chamber can be changed according to seasonal factors and ambient temperature, and based on a sufficiently large sample size, the results will contribute to improving the reliability of the estimated ammonia(NH3) emissions and the development of an emissions factor for use in the livestock sector in Korea.
Terminating Basic Hypergeometric Representations and Transformations for the Askey–Wilson Polynomials
Authors: Cohl Howard S. , Costas-Santos Roberto S. , Ge Linus
Published: August 2020

In this survey paper, we exhaustively explore the terminating basic hypergeometric representations of the Askey–Wilson polynomials and the corresponding terminating basic hypergeometric transformations that these polynomials satisfy.
The Acid-Base Through-the-Cage Interaction as an Example of an Inversion in a Cage Isomerism
Authors: Dobrowolski Jan Cz. , Ostrowski Sławomir
Published: August 2020

We define a new inversion in a cage isomerism (ic): X@C⋯Y₪icY@C⋯X, (₪ is the isomerism relation) as an isomerism in the three-component system of molecules X, Y, and a cage C, in which one of the molecules is located inside and the other outside the cage. The ic isomerism is similar to the endo-exo one, which occurs only if either the interior or exterior of C is empty. By contrast, ic occurs only if neither the interior nor the exterior of C is empty. We also discuss the other closely related types of isomerisms are also discussed. Calculations of the XH⋯NH3@C60 and NH3⋯HX@C60ic isomers were performed at the ωB97XD/Def2TZVP level. The calculated energies demonstrated that the systems with the HX acid outside (X = F, Cl) and the NH3 base inside the cage, XH⋯NH3@C60, are more stable than their ic isomers, NH3⋯HX@C60, by about 4–8 kcal/mol. This is because NH3 is more stabilized inside the cage than HX (a matter of 6.5 kcal/mol). In the studied systems and subsystems, the HX molecules are Lewis acids and the NH3 molecule is always a Lewis base. The C60 molecule with HX inside or outside the cage is also an acid for the NH3 base positioned outside or inside the cage. On the other hand, the C60 cage is truly amphoteric because it is simultaneously an acid and a base.
On One Controllability of the Schrödinger Equation as Coupled with the Atomic-Level Mannesmann Effect
Authors: Perna Tomáš
Published: August 2020

In this paper we outline a certain way of understanding of macroscopically uncontrollable emergence of the so called Mannesmann effect by means of its induced controllable quantum-mechanical background. In other words, we factually present a modus operandi of how to avoid macroscopic models of specific atomic-level cavity origin based consequently on a classical fracture mechanics theory. Under such circumstances, the target solution of the controllable microscopic model cannot be determined, since it can obviously arise only as a macroscopic state of the structurally disturbed rolled metal semi-product during the Mannesmann process. We obtain this irrelevance of the target solution, using a very special kind of control of the famous Schrödinger equation employed as a fundamental model equation here. We show contextually that such control follows from some very elementary aspects of the group theory conditioning a physical meaning of the Schrödinger equation written in a controllable form. We specially emerge primary cyclic groups of symmetry of special solutions to the Schrödinger equation. Their imaginary part is given by a control satisfying the Klein-Gordon equation which can be driven (through a specific avoidance of the cyclic group Z4) into a connection with the characteristic series of primary cyclic groups and/or torsion groups respectively. We obtain a physically controllable special results representing a strange correspondence between a certain LET (Linear Energy Transfer) and “quantum-like” tunnelling interpreted for some “everyday” objects, particularly for the considered Mannesmann piercing process with a torsion known from metallurgy. The process violations are shown and further reflected via a standard finite element method (FEM) simulation.
A Method to Account for Personnel Risk Attitudes in System Design and Maintenance Activity Development
Authors: Rathwell Benjamin W. , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Pollman Anthony , Sweeney Joseph
Published: August 2020

Systems engineering practices in the maritime industry and the Navy consider operational availability as a system attribute determined by system components and a maintenance concept. A better understanding of the risk attitudes of system operators and maintainers may be useful in understanding potential impacts the system operators and maintainers have on operational availability. This article contributes to the literature a method that synthesizes the concepts of system reliability, and operator and maintainer risk attitudes to provide insight into the effect that risk attitudes of systems operators and maintainers have on system operational availability. The method consists of four steps providing the engineer with a risk-attitude-adjusted insight into the system’s potential operational availability. Systems engineers may use the method to iterate a system’s design or maintenance concept to improve expected operational availability. If it is deemed necessary to redesign a system, systems engineers will likely choose new system components and/or alter their configuration; however, redesign is not limited to physical alteration of the system. Several other options may be more practical depending the system’s stage in the life cycle to address low risk-adjusted operational availability such as changes to maintenance programs and system supportability rather than on component and system reliability. A simple representative example implementation is provided to demonstrate the method and discussion of the potential implications for Navy ship availability are discussed. Potential future work is also discussed.
Single-Round Infectious Particle Production by DNA-Launched Infectious Clones of Bungowannah Pestivirus
Authors: Dalmann Anja , Wernike Kerstin , Snijder Eric J. , Oreshkova Nadia , Reimann Ilona , Beer Martin
Published: August 2020

Reverse genetics systems are powerful tools for functional studies of viral genes or for vaccine development. Here, we established DNA-launched reverse genetics for the pestivirus Bungowannah virus (BuPV), where cDNA flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme sequence at the 5′ end and the hepatitis delta ribozyme at the 3′ end was placed under the control of the CMV RNA polymerase II promoter. Infectious recombinant BuPV could be rescued from pBuPV-DNA-transfected SK-6 cells and it had very similar growth characteristics to BuPV generated by conventional RNA-based reverse genetics and wild type BuPV. Subsequently, DNA-based ERNS deleted BuPV split genomes (pBuPV∆ERNS/ERNS)—co-expressing the ERNS protein from a separate synthetic CAG promoter—were constructed and characterized in vitro. Overall, DNA-launched BuPV genomes enable a rapid and cost-effective generation of recombinant BuPV and virus mutants, however, the protein expression efficiency of the DNA-launched systems after transfection is very low and needs further optimization in the future to allow the use e.g., as vaccine platform.
Fact and Fiction about 1%: Next Generation Sequencing and the Detection of Minor Drug Resistant Variants in HIV-1 Populations with and without Unique Molecular Identifiers
Authors: Zhou Shuntai , Swanstrom Ronald
Published: August 2020

Next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have the ability to generate almost limitless numbers of sequence reads starting with a PCR product. This gives the illusion that it is possible to analyze minor variants in a viral population. However, including a PCR step obscures the sampling depth of the viral population, the key parameter needed to understand the utility of the data set for finding minor variants. Also, these high throughput sequencing platforms are error prone at the level where minor variants are of interest, confounding the interpretation of detected minor variants. A simple strategy has been applied in multiple applications of NGS to solve these problems. Prior to PCR, individual molecules are “tagged” with a unique molecular identifier (UMI) that can be used to establish the actual sample size of viral genomes sequenced after PCR and sequencing. In addition, since PCR generates many copies of each sequence tagged to a specific UMI, a template consensus sequence (TCS) can be created from the many reads of each template, removing virtually all of the method error. From this perspective we examine our own use of a UMI, called Primer ID, in the detection of minor drug resistant variants in HIV-1 populations.
Maximization of Livestock Anthrax Vaccination Coverage in Bangladesh: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Sarker M. Shahjahan A. , El Zowalaty Mohamed E. , Shahid M. Ahosanul Haque , Sarker M. Asaduzzaman , Rahman M. Bahanur , Järhult Josef D. , Nazir K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain
Published: August 2020

Low vaccination coverage of livestock is one of the major challenges to control anthrax in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to assess an alternate approach to maximize vaccination coverage. The method included traditional vaccination campaigns, livestock census, interviews, focus group discussions of cattle farmers, vaccination and livestock personnel, and validation workshops. It was observed that a mass vaccination program covered only 44% of the cattle population. It was found that 54.1% of the respondents did not bring their cattle to mass vaccination programs due to the difficulties of handling cattle and that there was no male member in the household. Only 12.5% of respondents acknowledged that they were not aware of the vaccine, and 3% of the respondents claimed that they ignored vaccination due to cost. All of the respondents from livestock personnel agreed that manpower was not enough to cover the total area. Further, 20% of vaccinators mentioned that they did not get enough vaccines. For an effective vaccination program, 58.33% of respondents recommended door-to-door service, and 54.16% of respondents suggested to arrange regular vaccination campaigns in six-month intervals. Thus, regular campaigns with door-to-door vaccination services are suggested to control anthrax outbreaks in Bangladesh.
Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (γδTCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG
Authors: de Sousa Thamires Rodrigues , Victor Jefferson Russo
Published: August 2020

A γδ T cell acquires functional properties in response to the gamma delta T cell receptor γδTCR signal strength during its development in the thymus. The elucidation of the potential ligands of γδ T cell receptors are of extreme importance; however, they are still not understood. Here we revise the actual state of the art of candidates to exert the function of γδTCR ligands, and propose a theoretical contribution about new potential ligands of γδTCRs, based on biological and hypothetical pieces of evidence in the literature. In conclusion, we hypothetically suggest a possible role of induced antibodies according to the individual’s immune status, mainly of the IgG subclass, acting as γδTCR ligands. Considering that IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, and almost all vaccination protocols, our discussion opens a new and broad field to further exploration.
Development of a SWAT Hydropower Operation Routine and Its Application to Assessing Hydrological Alterations in the Mekong
Authors: Shrestha Jayandra P. , Pahlow Markus , Cochrane Thomas A.
Published: August 2020

Reservoir operations and climate change can alter natural river flow regimes. To assess impacts of climate and hydropower operations on downstream flows and energy generation, an integrated hydropower operations and catchment hydrological model is needed. The widely used hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is ideal for catchment hydrology, but provides only limited reservoir operation functions. A hydropower reservoir operation routine (HydROR) was thus developed for SWAT to analyze complex reservoir systems under different policies. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Reservoir System Simulation (HEC-ResSim) model, a well-established reservoir simulation model, was used to indirectly evaluate functionality of the HydROR. A comparison between HydROR and HEC-ResSim under a range of operation rule curves resulted in R2 values exceeding 0.99. The HydROR was then applied to assess hydrological alterations due to combined impacts of climate change and reservoir operations of 38 hydropower dams in the 3S basin of the Mekong River. Hydropower production under climate change varied from −1.6% to 2.3%, depending on the general circulation model chosen. Changing the hydropower operation policy from maximizing energy production to maintaining ecological flows resulted in a production change of 13%. The calculation of hydrological alteration indices at the outlet of the 3S basin revealed that over 113% alteration in the natural river outflow regime occurred from the combined impacts of climate change and reservoir operations. Furthermore, seasonal flows and extreme water conditions changed by 154% and 104%, respectively. Alterations were also significant within the basin, and, as expected, were larger for high-head and small-river reservoirs. These alterations will adversely affect ecological dynamics, in particular, habitat availability. HydROR proved to be a valuable addition to SWAT for the analyses of complex reservoir systems under different policies and climate change scenarios.
A MATLAB-Based Application for Modeling and Simulation of Solar Slurry Photocatalytic Reactors for Environmental Applications
Authors: Acosta-Herazo Raúl , Cañaveral-Velásquez Briyith , Pérez-Giraldo Katrin , Mueses Miguel A. , Pinzón-Cárdenas María H. , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman
Published: August 2020

Because of the complexity caused by photochemical reactions and radiation transport, accomplishing photoreactor modeling usually poses a barrier for young researchers or research works that focus on experimental developments, although it may be a crucial tool for reducing experimental efforts and carrying out a more comprehensive analysis of the results. This work presents PHOTOREAC, an open-access application developed in the graphical user interface of Matlab, which allows a user-friendly evaluation of the solar photoreactors operation. The app includes several solar photoreactor configurations and kinetics models as well as two variants of a radiation absorption-scattering model. Moreover, PHOTOREAC incorporates a database of 26 of experimental solar photodegradation datasets with a variety of operational conditions (model pollutants, photocatalyst concentrations, initial pollutant concentrations); additionally, users can introduce their new experimental data. The implementation of PHOTOREAC is presented using three example cases of solar photoreactor operation in which the impact of the operational parameters is explored, kinetic constants are estimated according to experimental data, and comparisons are made between the available models. Finally, the impact of the application on young researchers’ projects in photocatalysis at the University of Cartagena was investigated. PHOTOREAC is available upon request from Professor Miguel Mueses.
Analisis Wacana Politik Debat Publik Calon Presiden dan Calon Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Farid
Published: August 2020

This study discusses to examine the phenomenon of political communication during the presidential and vice-presidential elections in 2019. From cases that occur during the campaign period, there are often symptoms of lack of argumentation, lack of credibility, and lack of ability to communicate through debate. This research uses The Functional Debate Campaign theory stated by William, L. Benoit. It is including the use of research methods and analytical techniques developed by Benoit. From the results of this study it is known that all candidates for President and Vice President mostly direct their political discourse into policy rather than turn up their characters, but in conveying their political messages still have shortcomings from verbal and nonverbal aspects. Whereas in terms of functional strategy it is considered to be sufficient because it has used several techniques, but it has not been evenly displayed by all candidates. There is also a weakness that appears in all candidates seen from the debate strategy which is less able to build good acclaim to build election by candidates by trying to attack and defend when attacked. The implications of the research on this candidate's debate, show that the use of candidate debates on television as a political communication forum was attracted the media and voters, however, it has not yet an ideal primary means for voters to see the credibility and capability of the prospective leader.
Peran Detasemen Gegana Satuan Brimob Polda Sumatera Utara Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme
Authors: Hidayat Ghofur , Eddy Triono , Sahari Alpi
Published: August 2020

The eradication of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is very intensively carried out due to the threat of terror, causing many casualties and public unrest at the strata of society. Therefore the government issued various regulations to overcome the criminal acts of terrorism. The eradication of the crime of terrorism certainly requires facilities and infrastructure, one of which is the bomb disposal unit. A detachment of the Gegana Brimob Bomb disposal unit is tasked with defusing bombs which are usually used by terrorists in carrying out their actions. This paper aims to analyze or examine the role of the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in the handling of terrorism crimes and the obstacles experienced by the North Sumatra Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in dealing with terrorism crime. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps Gegagana is carried out by bomb disposal which is carried out through the stages of preparation, implementation, and consolidation. The barriers experienced by the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment Unit consisted of several internal and external factors.
Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Perataan Laba oleh Perusahaan Manufaktur
Authors: Purba Felino Pernando , Sinaga Hotmaria , Munawarah Munawarah
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to test or analyze the accuracy of the Return On Assets, Firm Size, Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio for Income Smoothing actions on corporate manufacturing published on the Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. In this study using the theories of financial statement analysis, financial management related to Return On Assets, Firm Size, Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio. In this study using a quantitative observation process. In this observation also applies the process of observing data such as financial statements contained on the IDX website. This observation involved 153 corporate manufactures as a population, which each year experienced a profit in 2015-2017. The technique in citing samples in the observation, namely by using purposive sampling techniques so that 37 samples were multiplied for 3 years, 111 research samples were obtained. Simultaneous results with F test shows a significant effect on income smoothing, with the coefficient of determination test results of 4.2% so that the results of the research hypothesis Return On Assets, Firm Size, Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio had no significant impact on income smoothing. And the T test produces a firm size variable that has a partial effect on income smoothing actions.
Representasi dan Komodifikasi Kepiluan dalam Film Dancing In The Rain
Authors: Tamsil Ilma Saakinah
Published: August 2020

The film tells stories and theme about the suffering of others as a humanist always aim to arouse the emotions and feelings of the audiences. This Film get a lot of positive responses from various parties, especially films that emphasize the sorrow. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the narrative structure of the film Dancing In The Rain as a representation and commodification of depression for the audience. The author uses a qualitative descriptive study in which the representation and commodification of heartache in Dancing In The Rain movie is analyzed through the analysis of narrative structure according to Tzvetan Todorov, the presentation of moral values in the film, and the relation with the culture industry as a medium for image formation. How the sadness and heartache of autistic sufferers is commodified as a product that entertains and motivates the audiences. The conclusion, the reality in the film will be a learning through representation and the commodification of heartache give a description of the conditions, experiences and problems faced by the main character (autistic sufferers) struggling to faced life.
Chemical Mechanisms of Prebiotic Chirality Amplification
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P.
Published: August 2020

This
review article
surveys the recent experimental findings that suggest alternative chemical models of directed chirality amplification at the early, prebiotic Earth. It is believed that the chirality amplification step followed the initial emergence of small enantiomeric imbalance and preceded (as a necessary condition) the occurrence of homochiral biopolymers, assembled from enantiomerically pure building blocks. This work focuses on the chemical nature of possible mechanisms of primordial chirality enhancement, without going into detail of the preceding and subsequent phases of origination of biological homochirality and life on Earth. These mechanisms are discussed through the prism of integrity of biological natural selection and chemical kinetic selection.
Catheter-related blood stream infections in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hadian Babak , Zafarmohtashami Azita , Razani Mahdi
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Proper care of vascular access in hemodialysis patients is important. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), is a life-threatening complication of hemodialysis. Objectives: Sufficient data about microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics in hemodialysis patients is necessary for handling of CRBSI; therefore, this study performed for better management of patients. Patients and Methods: All hemodialysis patients from March 2015 to March 2018 who had cultures of catheter and blood samples were studied. Clinical records of 122 patients were reviewed for variables such as catheter and blood culture microorganism types, antibiotic resistance, age, gender, site, comorbidities, and various clinical signs. Results: Eighty-four cases of catheter cultures were positive for bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common organism (36%) since Staphylococcus aureus was the second one (28%). In some cases, multidrug resistant organisms such as Enterobacter baumannii or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) organisms were grown. Twenty-one percent of S. aureus organisms were MRSA. No significant association between important diagnostic data (fever, chills or WBC count) and bacteremia were shown. Gender of patients had a significant statistical association with CRBSI. Conclusion: Given the necessity of proper management, physicians must empirically initiate antibiotic therapy as soon as possible, until receiving definite culture results, in hemodialysis patients suspected of bacteremia. In our study, both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were common. Hence, when initial empirical treatment is indicated, the coverage of both gram positive and gram negative organisms must be considered. Vancomycin or other antibiotics that are effective on MRSA must be included in empirical treatment.
Chevalior Sivaji Ganesan’s Tamil Film Songs Not Only Emulated the Quality of the Movie But also Contains Ethical Imports that can be Compared with Ethical Theories – A Retrospective Reflection
Authors: Sarvaharana P. , Manikandan Dr. S. , Thiyagarajan Dr. P.
Published: August 2020

This is a research work that discusses the great contributions made by Chevalior Shivaji Ganesan to the Tamil Cinema. It was observed that Chevalior Sivaji film songs reflect the theoretical domain such as (i) equity and social justice and (ii) the practice of virtue in the society. In this research work attention has been made to conceptualize the ethical ideas and compare it with the ethical theories using a novel methodology wherein the ideas contained in the film song are compared with the ethical theory. Few songs with the uncompromising premise of patni (chastity of women) with the four important charateristics of women of Tamil culture i.e. acham, madam, nanam and payirpu that leads to the great concept of chastity practiced by exalting woman like Kannagi has also been dealt with. The ethical ideas that contain in the selection of songs were made out from the selected movies acted by Chevalier Shivaji giving preference to the songs that contain the above unique concept of ethics.
Results of the Sweet Taste Cognitive Threshold Test of 38 Peoples who Participated in the Sweet Teste Test using Teste-Disks at the University Festival
Authors: Hirabayashi Mayumi , Ito Akemi , Katayama Naomi
Published: August 2020

Although sugar intake did not directly lead to diabetes, the results will vary depending on age, sex, individual differences, and the nature of sugar ingested.However, the change in blood glucose level and the accumulation of fat in the body cannot neglected about the sugar intake. Also, if the sweetness recognition threshold increases, the intake of sugar may increase. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a sweetness cognitive threshold test to understand the sensitivity of the general public to sweetness. The acceptable range (sugar concentration of 2.5% or less) was 25 out of 38 participants who recognized sweetness, 65.8% of the total. Two of the 14 male participants were unrecognizable even at the sweetest concentration of 80.0%. Females had better sweetness perception threshold results than males. In the future, we think it would be good to use a questionnaire to investigate the usual eating habits and compare it with the wetness cognitive threshold test results.
Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Prosedur Dengan Model "Picture and Picture"
Authors: Aminah Siti
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini akan membahas tentang pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur dengan model pembelajaran picture and picture. Materi teks prosedur yang digunakan adalah tentang pencak silat Cimande. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur, materi pencak silat Cimande, dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran picture and picture dikategorikan dengan baik. Terbukti pada kemampuan siswa atau nilai rata-rata siswa dalam proses pembelajaran tersbut sudah mencapai KKM 75,00%. Nilai yang diperoleh siswa mulai dari yang terendah 20 sampai nilai tertinggi yaitu 90.  Hasil angket menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya respon siswa positif terhadap penggunaan model pembelajaran picture and picture tersebut dan sementara pada materi pencak silat Cimande pada umumnya respon siswa kurang baik.Kata kunci: teks prosedur, silat Cimande, model picture and pictureThis article will discuss about learning to write procedure texts with a picture and picture learning model. The procedure text material used was about pencak silat Cimande. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that learning to write procedure text, Cimande pencak silat material, using the picture and picture learning model is well categorized. Evidenced by the ability of students or the average value of students in the learning process has reached 75.00% KKM. The scores obtained by students ranging from the lowest 20 to the highest value is 90. The results of the questionnaire showed that in general the students' responses were positive towards the use of the picture and picture learning model and while in Cimande pencak silat material students generally responded poorly.Keywords: procedure text, Cimande silat, model picture and picture
El proceso espacial de la migración forzada de mexicanos a Estados Unidos (1900-2018)
Authors: Jiménez Maya Iván
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se parte del término migración forzada, a partir de la propuesta conceptual de Raúl Humberto Márquez Covarrubias (2012) y Raúl Delgado Wise (2012), en función de problematizar el largo proceso espacial de la migración de mexicanos a Estados Unidos (EE.UU.), a lo largo del siglo XX y principios del XXI, enmarcado en las características propias del desarrollo capitalista mexicano y del estadounidense, con énfasis en el primero, lo que conlleva una serie de condiciones objetivas que sostienen este flujo migratorio, específicamente desde los espacios rurales en México, a lo largo del tiempo. La constancia que distingue a este proceso migratorio, con sus distintas particularidades epocales, implicó el análisis y la caracterización de los elementos, más significativos, que lo conforman. Se concluye que la migración forzada de mexicanos a EE.UU., se ve alentada por las distintas influencias del contexto estructural tanto mexicano como estadounidense y que da forma a esta larga historia binacional migratoria con todas las implicaciones que para nuestro país.
Representaciones sociales del concepto de sexualidad en adolescentes de secundaria
Authors: Valle Solís Martha Ofelia , Olea Gutiérrez Cinthia Viridiana , Zavala Pérez Ian Coahtepetzin
Published: August 2020

Las Representaciones Sociales (RS) sobre la salud, es el resultado de la articulación entre las representaciones y las experiencias sobre el cuerpo, y las concepciones y/o prácticas sanitarias. Objetivo: Identificar la estructura y organización de la palabra sexualidad en adolescente de secundaria con el fin de aportar elementos sobre sexualidad para la prevención de conductas sexuales de riesgo y embarazo en grupos vulnerables. Diseño desde la Perspectiva estructural de las representaciones sociales. El estudio se realizó en estudiantes de una entidad de Nayarit, fueron 17 hombres y 17 mujeres, entre los 12 y 14 años. Se integró un muestro propositivo. El instrumento que se utilizó fue una técnica asociativa para la colecta de la información. Listados libres; estos favorecen la expresión espontánea de los sujetos y, por ello, se espera que el contenido evocado esté más libre de racionalizaciones, sesgos de defensa o deseabilidad social. Para la estrategia de análisis se utilizó el Análisis prototípico, una vez obtenido de los listados libres y se identificó la Salience de cada término a través del índice de Smith. Este cálculo se basa en la frecuencia de mención del término como en el rango de la ubicación que le otorgó cada informante a cada palabra. Para su obtención; se utilizó el software Anthropac versión de MS Dos y análisis procesual. De 153 palabras evocadas para el término inductor “sexualidad” 78 términos fueron obtenidos de los hombres y 73 fueron referidos por las mujeres. La palabra con el rango de frecuencia más alta fue “Sexo” con 13 (38.20) evocaciones y la más baja “cama” con 1 (2.90) evocación. En el primer cuadrante, los elementos primeros y más frecuentes a ser evocados son considerados centrales y representan los elementos estables en las representaciones sociales. De manera general fueron: Sexo, Hombre, Mujer, Hijos, Amor, Género y Protección. Dichos elementos en el prototípico general fueron: Comunicación, Condón, Atracción, Pareja, Riesgo, Cuerpo, Infancia, Abuso, Personas, Respeto, Besos, Igualdad y Tolerancia. Los elementos mencionados por los hombres en este cuadrante son: Género, Mujer, Cuerpo, Pareja, Personas, Respeto, Amor, Igualdad e Infancia. Las mujeres a cambio evocan: Riesgo, Hijos, Sexo, Besos y Tolerancia. Las evocaciones para el prototípico general fueron: Amistad, Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), Homosexualidad, Orientación sexual, Pornografía, Confianza, Decisión, Responsabilidad y Vagina. Segregado por sexo los hombres en el último cuadrante refieren elementos como: Pornografía, Decisión, Homosexualidad, Responsabilidad, ITS y Vagina. Las mujeres por su parte expresan los siguientes elementos: Confianza, ITS, Orientación, Pareja., Hombre, Mujer, Amor, Protección, Comunicación, Género y Atracción.