bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Water Hyacinth of Bangladesh IV: Comparative Study of Pollen Grains and Development of Seed in Both Long and Short Petioled Forms of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach
Authors: Khatun Rahima , Islam AS , Majid FZ
Published: August 2007

Pollen stainability was found to be more or less similar in long petioled form (LPs) and short petioled form (SPs) of water hyacinth but the size of both oval and round pollen grains was bigger in SPs in comparison to the LPs, the difference being statistically significant. In seed development, significant differences were observed between LPs and SPs at 1 % level only in respect of their average number of capsules and seeds in case of natural pollination. However, in case of artificial self and crosspollinated flowers, significant differences were observed between LPs and SPs at 1 % level in respect of their average number of capsules, seed-bearing capsules and also number of seeds per capsule.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 189-202, 2006
Air Entrainment through Free Surface: A Study of Scale Effects
Authors: Hoque Ashabul
Published: August 2007

This study investigates air entrainment through free surface both in vertical circular plunging jets and plunging breakers. Three scale modesldata of void fraction for identical froude numbers measured by Hoque and Chanson et al. have been used to investigate the scale effects. The results highlight the significant scale effects when the weber number is less than 1000 in vertical circular plunging jets, whereas it may be significant in the laboratory when the wave height is less than 0.30 m.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 207-218, 2006
Studies on the Characterization and Glyceride Composition of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Seed Oil
Authors: Rafiquzzaman M , Hossain M Altaf , Hasan AJM Moynul
Published: August 2007

Studies were carried out on the characterization and glyceride compositions of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil. It was observed that safflower seed grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains 32 % of golden yellow coloured oil. The physicochemical characteristics of the oil were studied by the conventional methods and the fatty acid composition by GLC. From the results it is revealed that the oil can be used suitably in paint, varnishes and soap manufacturing industries on account of its high linoleic acid content (75 %), iodine value (148) and saponification value (190). The oil was fractionated into mono-, di-, and triglycerides by silicic acid column choromatography. The trglycerides were accounted for over 90 % of total weight of the oil. Fraction of lipids into three major lipid groups, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was carried out by silicic acids column chromatography. The neutral lipids were averaged to 94 % of the total weight of the lipid applied. The percentage composition of individual fatty acids were found to be linoleic acid (75.0), oleic (12.6), palmitic acid (8.4), stearic acid (2.6) and myristic acid (1.4).

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 235-238, 2006
Analgesic and Diuretic Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Authors: Mahmood MK Hassan , Bachar Sitesh Chandra , Islam Md Saiful , Ali Mohammad Shawkat
Published: August 2007

The methanol extract of the dried rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) showed significant analgesic and diuretic activities on Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of the crude extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, exhibited 33.2 and 50.5% inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing in mice, respectively. Similar oral doses of the extract produced a maximum of 1.24 and 1.45 diuretic activity after 2 and 1 h of the study, respectively. The diuretic effect of the extract started after 1 h at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight of mice. It was observed that the diuretic activity increased with increasing the concentration of the test sample.

Key words: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Analgesic activity, Diuretic activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Cordyline terminalis
Authors: Ahmed Firoj , Das Prabir K , Islam M Aminul , Sadhu Samir K , Masud Mohammad Mehedi
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
A Benzofuranone from the Flowers of Nyctanthes arbortristis and its Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Khatune Naznin Ara , Mossadik M Asik , Rahman M Mukhlesur , Khondkar Proma , Haque M Ekramul , Gray Alexander I
Published: August 2007

A benzofuranone, 3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3a-hydroxy-6(2H)-benzofuranone (1), was isolated from the flower of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. The compound was identified by 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses. It showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The LC50 of the compound was found to be 8.73 mg/ml in brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Key words: Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nyctantheceae; 3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3a-hydroxy-6(2H)-benzofuranone, Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Effect of Manganese on the Activity of Antibiotic Against Microorganisms
Authors: Rahman S , Karim Pinky , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Hasnat Abul
Published: August 2007

Manganese is an important element in biological system. It is essential for enzymatic activity, maintaining three-dimensional structure of protein, for the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein etc. Deficiency of manganese causes different life threatening diseases. Because of this, the optimum level of manganese must be maintained in all biological system. This experiment, therefore, was designed to evaluate the effect of manganese on the activity of different antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, cephradine, amoxicillin, gentamycin, tetracycline, cloxacillin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, metronidazole and carbenicillin) against different microorganisms. It has been observed that antimicrobial activity of an antibiotic increased significantly with concomitant use of manganese salt ranging from 600-6000 ng per antibiotic disc (P < 0.05). It is revealed from the experiment that manganese increases the activity of antibiotic against bacterial strains.

Key words: Antibiotics, Manganese, Antibacterial activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Release Kinetics Studies of Ibuprofen from Sustained Release Microcapsules
Authors: Hossain M Belal , Rashid M , Ahmed M , Shaheen SM , Motahar AKM
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
In vitro Studies on Toxicological Property of the Root and Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum
Authors: Chowdhury Nargis Sultana , Karim Md Rezaul , Rana Md Sohel
Published: August 2007

This research work was carried out to investigate the toxicological activities of the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. It was found that the root and stem extracts of the plant contained some constituents that were toxic for the brine shrimp nauplii. The ether and alcohol extracts may have cytotoxic properties as well as other pharmacological activities but the ethyl acetate extract was not so active. The results are discussed with reference to the indication of using the plant extracts as an anti-mutagenic agent and appeared to be well-supported by their chemical constituents.

Key words: Oroxylum indicum, Toxicological activity, Brine shrimp lethality

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Some Azetidinone and Thiazolidinone Derivatives of Coumarins
Authors: Subudhi BB , Panda PK , Tosh BK , Sahu S , Majhi P
Published: August 2007

Keeping in view the pharmacological potential of azetidinones, thiazolidinones and coumarins, the title compounds containing these nuclei were synthesized. The 4-methyl -7-hydroxy coumarin (1) on treatment with hydrazine hydrate affords 2-hydrazo- 4-methyl -7-hydroxy coumarin (2). The N- (2-imino-4-methyl-7-hydroxy coummarinyl)-imino substituted benzene (3) was synthesized by reaction of compound 2 with various aromatic aldehydes. Condensation of compound 3 with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of 1,4-dioxan and triethyl amine yields the 3-chloro-4- (substituted)-1-(2-imino-4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarinyl) azetidin-2-one (4a-d). Further more condensation of 3 with thioglycollic acid in presence of 1,4-dioxan and anhydrous aluminium chloride gives 2-(substituted phenyl)-3-(2-imino-4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarinyl)-1,3-thiazolidinone (4a-d). Elemental and spectral characterization established the identity of these compounds. All the products were screened in vitro for their anti microbial activity against different strains of urinary tract pathogens. All compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity compared to the standard drug nitrofurantoin.

Key words: Azetidinones, thiazolidinone, coumarin, nitrofurantoin, E. coli, P. auregenosa, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis E. faecalis, and S.aureus.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Films of Salbutamol Sulphate
Authors: Tanwar YS
Published: August 2007

Transdermal drug delivery systems of salbutamol sulphate using eudragit RL100 and PVP were developed by solvent casting technique employing mercury as a substrate. Propylene glycol was used as a plasticizer. The prepared films exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. In vitro permeation profiles across the guinea-pig dorsal skin using K-C diffusion cell are reported. Incorporating PEG-400 and tween 60 into the films enhanced the permeation across guinea-pig skin; permeation rate was greater with films containing PEG-400. The permeation followed zero order kinetics and mechanism was found to be matrix diffusion.

Key words: Salbutamol sulphate, Guinea pig skin, Permeation enhancer.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Phytochemical and Biological Investigations of Phyllanthus reticulatus
Authors: Begum Taslima , Rahman Mohammad S , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2007

Scopoletin (1) was isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the stem bark of Phyllanthus reticulates (Family: Euphorbiaceae). The petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of this methanol extract were subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. All of the partitionates showed moderate to strong inhibitory activity to microbial growth while the chloroform soluble fraction showed strongest cytotoxicity having LC50 1.99 ?g/ml.

Key words: Phyllanthus reticulates, Euphorbiaceae, Scopoletin, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, Antimicrobial

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
In vitro and In vivo Interactions of Diltiazem with Ibuprofen and Naproxen in Aqueous Medium and Rabbits
Authors: Amran Md. Shah , Bari AHM Rashidul , Hossain Md. Amjad
Published: August 2007

A common practice in the medical science is the prescription of multiple drugs at a time, which may sometimes be neither safe nor effective and may be deleterious. The present study was aimed to evaluate such a combination of diltiazem with ibuprofen and naproxen. The invitro interaction of diltiazem with ibuprofen and naproxen has been studied at room temperature and at different pH in the aqueous medium by spectroscopic and conductometric methods, and the invivo study was done in the rabbit by measuring blood pressure using a mercury manometer. It has been found that diltiazem formed stable 1 : 1 complexes with ibuprofen and naproxen along with some intermediates. The Ardons spectrophotometric method was employed to confirm the formation of 1 : 1 complex and for the calculation of the stability constants. The invivo study was carried out to evaluate the influence of ibuprofen and naproxen on the antihypertensive activity of diltiazem in the rabbit. Concurrent administration of ibuprofen and naproxen with diltizem did not make any significant change in the antihypertensive activity of diltiazem. It is thus inferred that co-administration of diltiazem with ibuprofen and naproxen may be considered as safe and effective.

Key words: Drug interaction, complexation, co-administration, diltiazem, naproxen, ibuprofen, stability constant

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Heterologous Expression of a Human Cap-Binding Protein eIF4E in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rahman Maliha , Karim Md. Manurul
Published: August 2007

A crucial step in the initiation of cap dependent translation of eukaryotic mRNA is the interaction of the mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF4E, with eIF4G, two integral components of the mRNA cap-binding complex. The present study was aimed to express human eIF4E at high level in E. coli. For high-level expression, the E. coli cells were first transformed with an expression vector that contains the cloned gene, human eIF4E. Following transformation, the recombinant plasmid was purified and stepwise digestion of the recombinant plasmid revealed that the plasmid was harboring an insert, equal to the length of the eIF4E gene. As the vector contained a heat-inducible promoter, high-level expression of human eIF4E was carried out by heat induction at 42°C. Expression of recombinant protein was observed by comparing the cell extracts collected before and after heat induction and their subsequent analysis on a denatured polyacrylamide gel. The appearance of a 24-kDa protein following induction of transformed cells confirmed the expression of the cloned gene, human eIF4E.

Key words: Translation initiation, cap-binding protein, eIF4E

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Acute Gall Bladder Disease
Authors: Maitra TK , Alam NA , Haque E , Khan MH , Chowdhury HK
Published: August 2007

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the procedures through which gall bladder can be removed. Acute cholecystitis was considered a contraindication for laparoscopic procedure but with time and experience this shortcoming is now overcome. Here is a study of 32 patients who were selected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among them, 29 patients were operated by laparoscopic method and rest three patients were converted. This study showed the appropriate time for surgery, technical difficulties and the complication of surgery. It may be concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and beneficial to the patient with acute cholecystitis in its early phase, if necessary support and expertise is available.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 10-13)
Near-Miss/Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM): A new concept in maternal care
Authors: Jahan S , Begum K , Shaheen N , Khandokar M
Published: August 2007

A near-miss obstetric morbidity means a woman (in pregnancy/labour/puerperium) who almost died but survived. The near-miss: mortality ratio is a possible new indicator of maternal care and could be used to compare improvements in treatments more accurately than mortality date alone. Criteria to define and identify the cases vary greatly. The incidence ranges from 0.07% to 8.23% and the case fatality ratio from 0.02% to 37%. Massive obstetric haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are two important primary obstetric causes of near-miss morbidity. Mortality index (MI) in one of the potential method of assessing the care received by SAMM cases. Population based surveys are considered preferable to collect informations of near-miss.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 29-33)
Double Intervention in Single Sitting in a Girl with Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Case Report
Authors: Fatema NN , Rahman SMM , Karim MR , Haque M
Published: August 2007

Atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are commonly encountered problems and constitute about 20% of all congenital heart lesions. Association of these two conditions in a single patient is not very uncommon. Both these conditions can be treated by placing intracardiac devices. Double interventional closure of Atrial Septal Defect (secundum type) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus was performed in single sitting in a 12 year-old girl in Catheterization Laboratory of CMH Dhaka. This is the first ever-reported double interventional closure of two separate diseases in a single patient in single setting, which led writing this report.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 34-37)
Treatment of a Breast Cancer with Pregnancy Preserving her Breast and Baby
Authors: Akhtar PS , Rahman MM , Nahar K , Islam MA , Day SN
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 38-41
Oral Versus Vaginal Misoprostol for Induction of Labour
Authors: Sultana N , Rouf S , Rashid M
Published: August 2007

It is sometimes difficult to select the most effective, easy to use, safest, widely accepted and less expensive method for induction of labour and thereby spontaneous vaginal delivery. Prostaglandin E1 analogue ie misoprostol as a successful method both in oral and vaginal form has been used for induction of labour. The present study was conducted with an aim to compare the efficacy and safety of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol tablets for cervical ripening and induction of labour in pregnant women using similar dosing regimen in two groups of pregnant women. A prospective randomized trial was done on one hundred pregnant women for the purpose. They were between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation and unfavourable cervix (modified Bishops score of 4 or less) in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical college Hospital during the period between February 2003 and March 2004. The mode of delivery did not vary significantly between the two groups. Mean induction delivery interval, mean doses of misoprostol, number of women delivered within 24 hours, oxytocin requirement and mean time to delivery were nearly similar in the two groups. Only nulliparous women in oral group took longer time to deliver than vaginal group though it was not statistically significant. The mode of delivery also did not differ significantly. The proportion of emergency caesarean section was high in vaginal group than oral group. Neonatal outcome was satisfactory and the results were comparable.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 44-49)
Study of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Ahmed S , Chowdhury MN , Rahman M , Bhuiyan FK , Muqueet MA , Majumder MA
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24 : 93-96)
Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in Preterm Babies
Authors: Ahmed SS , Chowdhury MAKA , Hoque MM , Begum D , Ahmed ASMNU
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24 : 97-104)
Epidemiology and Clinical characterstics of Children with Persistent Diarrhoea
Authors: Roy RR , Roy E , Sultana S , Kawser CA
Published: August 2007

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006: 24: 105-109)
Job control, substantive complexity, and risk for low birth weight and preterm delivery: An analysis from a state birth registry
Authors: Meyer John D. , Warren Nicholas , Reisine Susan
Published: August 2007

Background

Indices of job strain have demonstrated a variable relationship to low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity, with conflicting study results. This study sought to examine the associations of psychosocial work environment characteristics with adverse pregnancy outcomes using and comparing the demand‐control model and job attributes derived from the O*NET.

Methods

Job characteristics were imputed to maternal occupation recorded in the 2000 Connecticut state birth registry for 26,408 singleton births, using scores for psychological job demands, control, and physical demands derived from the Job Content Questionnaire, and for substantive complexity of work and physical demands using variables derived from O*NET job attributes. Odds ratios for LBW and preterm delivery were estimated while controlling for relevant covariates.

Results

High psychological demands were not associated with pregnancy outcomes, while high physical demand scores from the O*NET were associated with LBW. Associations of term‐ and all‐LBW with both low control and low substantive complexity were attenuated by adjustment for educational and demographic covariates. A gradient with lower scores was seen for term LBW and substantive complexity, and for prematurity and control. Both constructs were correlated with maternal education.

Conclusions

These results suggest that low maternal job control and substantive complexity may be modestly associated with LBW and, to a lesser extent, prematurity. A greater association with control may explain why a weak link of birth outcomes to high‐strain work has been noted in past studies. Observed associations with occupational are reduced after adjustment for relevant confounding variables, in particular educational level and race/ethnicity. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:664–675, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent upper airway obstruction is a diagnostic feature of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations (Hall type) with further evidence for dominant inheritance
Authors: Park Soo‐Mi , Hall Christine M. , Gray Roger , Firth Helen V.
Published: August 2007

The spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMD) are a group of skeletal dysplasias of variable severity with a heterogeneous genetic aetiology. SEMD with multiple dislocations (Hall type) is a recently identified disorder (OMIM 603546) which is characterized by striking epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes of the long bones and joint laxity with multiple dislocations of the large joints. We report on persistent inspiratory stridor in a child with this type of SEMD in the second reported family with dominant transmission of this disorder. Microlaryngoscopy showed laryngeal stenosis due to failure of abduction of the vocal cords and a tracheostomy was required to provide a satisfactory airway. Since airway compromise has been reported previously in a small series of patients (total of five out of 13 cases so far), the evidence to date supports the association of upper airway obstruction in early childhood with the Hall type of SEMD. We therefore suggest that this is a clinically important diagnostic feature of this disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebellar atrophy in Schimke‐immuno‐osseous dysplasia
Authors: Lücke Thomas , Clewing Johanna M. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Hartmann Hans , Das Anibh M. , Knauth Michael , Becker Hartmut , Donnerstag Frank
Published: August 2007

Schimke‐immuno‐osseous dysplasia is an autosomal‐recessive multisystem disorder with the prominent clinical features disproportionate growth failure, progressive renal failure, and T‐cell immunodeficiency. Neurological symptoms caused by transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and strokes are a typical clinical finding in severe SIOD. Cerebral ischemia and white matter changes, moyamoya phenomena and absence of a cerebellar hemisphere and partial absence of the cerebellar vermis have been described in patients with severe SIOD. We present three SIOD patients with atrophy of the caudal parts of the cerebellar vermis (posterior lobule) and of the cerebellar hemispheres. We hypothesize that these cerebellar abnormalities are a continuum of the ongoing vascular disease in severe SIOD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mining opinions from the Web: Beyond relevance retrieval
Authors: Ku Lun‐Wei , Chen Hsin‐Hsi
Published: August 2007

Documents discussing public affairs, common themes, interesting products, and so on, are reported and distributed on the Web. Positive and negative opinions embedded in documents are useful references and feedbacks for governments to improve their services, for companies to market their products, and for customers to purchase their objects. Web opinion mining aims to extract, summarize, and track various aspects of subjective information on the Web. Mining subjective information enables traditional information retrieval (IR) systems to retrieve more data from human viewpoints and provide information with finer granularity. Opinion extraction identifies opinion holders, extracts the relevant opinion sentences, and decides their polarities. Opinion summarization recognizes the major events embedded in documents and summarizes the supportive and the nonsupportive evidence. Opinion tracking captures subjective information from various genres and monitors the developments of opinions from spatial and temporal dimensions. To demonstrate and evaluate the proposed opinion mining algorithms, news and bloggers' articles are adopted. Documents in the evaluation corpora are tagged in different granularities from words, sentences to documents. In the experiments, positive and negative sentiment words and their weights are mined on the basis of Chinese word structures. The f‐measure is 73.18% and 63.75% for verbs and nouns, respectively. Utilizing the sentiment words mined together with topical words, we achieve f‐measure 62.16% at the sentence level and 74.37% at the document level.
DIN 1052:2004 – Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 1: Material‐ und Werkstoffverhalten
Authors: Lißner Karin , Rug Wolfgang , Steinmetz Dieter
Published: August 2007

Es werden die Materialeigenschaften von Holz als ein biologisches Material, welches im Wald entsteht, beschrieben. Bauholz ist ein nichthomogenes Material, das wachstumsbedingte Fehler in Form von sten, einem nichtparallelen Faserverlauf usw. enthält. Daraus folgend werden die nichthomogenen Eigenschaften, der Einfluß von Fehlern auf die Festigkeitseigenschaften, die Bedeutung der Holzfeuchte und der Festigkeitssortierung sowie die Prinzipien der Dauerhaftigkeit behandelt.
Logistik im Verkehrswegebau – elektronischer Bautagesbericht und Lieferschein als Bestandteil einer prozessorientierten Restrukturierung
Authors: Hildebrand Wolf‐Christian , Sparmann Jochen
Published: August 2007

Die Unterstützung durch Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) während der Auftragsabwicklung im Verkehrswegebau führt nachhaltig zu einer Modernisierung der Bauabläufe und zur Steigerung der Effizienz. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt zunächst die Prozessorientierung unter Zuhilfenahme von Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologien im Verkehrswegebau unter besonderer Berücksichtung des Bautagesberichts und der Lieferscheine.

Anhand erster Untersuchungsergebnisse in Bezug auf die Auswirkungen der Implementierung von elektronischen Bautagesberichten und Lieferscheinen im Verkehrswegebauunternehmen EUROVIA wird gezeigt, dass die mit der Bauausführung verbundenen Prozesse effizienter sind und durch die Prozessorientierung eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Qualität der Daten erreicht werden kann.
Synthesis, Aggregation and Cellular Investigations of Porphyrin–Cobaltacarborane Conjugates
Authors: Hao Erhong , Sibrian‐Vazquez Martha , Serem Wilson , Garno Jayne C. , Fronczek Frank R. , Vicente M. Graça H.
Published: August 2007

A new series of porphyrin‐cobaltacarborane conjugates (1–5) that contain four to sixteen carborane clusters per porphyrin macrocycle, were prepared in excellent yields (90–97 %) by means of a ring‐opening reaction of the zwitterionic cobaltacarborane [3,3′‐Co(8‐C4H8O2‐‐1,2‐C2B9H10)(1′,2′‐C2B9H11)]. The X‐ray structure of one conjugate (3) is presented. The aggregation properties of these conjugates were investigated by using absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometry, and the stages of microcrystal formation were captured by using atomic force microscopy. All conjugates were found to aggregate in aqueous solutions, to form a broad dispersity of particle sizes. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and preferential sites of subcellular localization of this series of conjugates were evaluated in human carcinoma HEp2 cells. The extent of conjugate cellular uptake depends on the number of cobaltacarborane units at the porphyrin periphery, their distribution, and the conjugate aggregation behavior. Conjugates 2 and 4, bearing either two adjacent or three 3,5‐dicobaltacarboranephenyl groups, accumulated the most within HEp2 cells and are, therefore, the most promising boron neutron capture therapy agents. All conjugates showed very low dark‐ and photo‐toxicity, probably due to their strong tendency for aggregation in aqueous solutions, and localized subcellularly within vesicles that correlated, to some extent, with the cell lysosomes.
Residual strains in the arterial wall: A 3D finite element model
Authors: He Fan , Li Xiao‐Yang
Published: August 2007

The objective of the study is to set up a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model to study the effects of residual strains on the circumferential stresses and strains in the arterial wall. The 3D model will make numerical calculations of interaction between blood and the vessel wall with residual strains easier in the future. The arterial wall was assumed to be isotropic and linear elastic, and then residual strains were applied in three steps while the physiological point was set to 100 mmHg. The measurements of the circumferential stress and strain distributions were performed under six different blood pressures, namely 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 and 200 mmHg. The circumferential stress levels changed from 50–150 kPa to −11–80 kPa, but the circumferential strain levels remained 0.05–0.15 in the 80–200 mmHg pressure range. The opening angle of the arterial ring was 7°. Residual strains make the circumferential stress and strain distributions in the arterial wall more uniform across the wall thickness. The proposed 3D finite element model gives valid results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed crystal of bis(μ2‐N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S,S′)‐bis(N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)‐di‐zinc(II) and bis(μ2‐N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiopercarbamato‐S,O,O′)‐bis(N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)‐di‐zinc(II)
Authors: Emmerling F. , Becker R. , Reck G.
Published: August 2007

The title compounds Zn2[S2CN(n‐C4H9)2]4 1 and Zn2[(S(SO)CN(n‐C4H9)2)(S2CN(n‐C4H9)2)]2 3 build mixed crystals in the ratio 0.42: 0.58. Each compound forms dimers, in which the monomer moieties are related via a two‐fold axis, coinciding with that of the monoclinic space group C2/c. The lattice parameters are a = 23.581(9), b = 17.112(5), c = 16.372(9) Å, and β = 128.33(3)°. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of zinc oxide crystals with different shapes from zincate aqueous solutions stabilized with triethanolamine
Authors: Ban Takayuki , Sakai Tomoyuki , Ohya Yutaka
Published: August 2007

ZnO crystals were synthesized from basic aqueous solutions including zincate ions stabilized with triethanolamine (N(C2H4OH)3, teaH3) by heating at 60°C. The influence of the basicity of the solutions on the morphology of the ZnO crystals was examined. The aqueous solutions were prepared using ZnSO4·7H2O, N(CH3)4OH (TMAOH), and teaH3 as a zinc source, a base, and a stabilizer, respectively, at a zinc concentration of 0.2 M at a teaH3 / Zn molar ratio of 4. Clear solutions were obtained at a molar ratio of TMAOH / Zn ≥ 3.0. When the clear solutions, in which glass or polyester substrates were placed, were heated at 60°C, agglomerates of ZnO crystals were deposited on the substrates in the TMAOH / Zn range from 3.0 to 3.6. With increasing the TMAOH / Zn ratio, the shape of the resulting ZnO crystals changed from a short asymmetric column with a hexagonal flat edge and a rounded one, through a rocket‐like shape formed by intergrowth, to a hexagonal rod. Although no films of ZnO were formed, ZnO crystals with different shapes were synthesized. When the glass substrates pre‐coated with a ZnO thin film by a sol‐gel method were used, highly oriented, dense ZnO films were formed. The films consisted of rod‐like crystals aligned normal to the substrate surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Benzene‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates as conformationally constrained analogs of Pseudomonas lipase substrates
Authors: Lin Ming‐Cheng , Hwang Mei‐Ting , Chang Han‐Ging , Lin Chung‐Sheng , Lin Gialih
Published: August 2007

Benzene‐1,2‐, ‐1,3‐, and ‐1,4‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates (1–15) are synthesized as the constrained analogs of gauche, eclipsed, and anti conformations of diesters of ethylene glycol, respectively. Carbamates 1–15 are characterized as the pseudo‐substrate inhibitors of Pseudomonas species lipase. Long‐chain carbamates are more potent inhibitors than short‐chain ones. Different geometries of benzene‐di‐substituted carbamates, such as benzene‐1,2‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (3) (ortho compound), benzene‐1,3‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (8) (meta compound), and benzene‐1,4‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (13) (para compound), show similar inhibitory potencies for the enzyme. In other words, kinetic data suggest that the enzyme does not discriminate ortho, meta, and para geometries of these constrained analogs.
High‐sensitivity detection of biological amines using fast Hadamard transform CE coupled with photolytic optical gating
Authors: Braun Kevin L. , Hapuarachchi Suminda , Fernandez Facundo M. , Aspinwall Craig A.
Published: August 2007

Here, we report the first utilization of Hadamard transform CE (HTCE), a high‐sensitivity, multiplexed CE technique, with photolytic optical gating sample injection of caged fluorescent labels for the detection of biologically important amines. Previous implementations of HTCE have relied upon photobleaching optical gating sample injection of fluorescent dyes. Photolysis of caged fluorescent labels reduces the fluorescence background, providing marked enhancements in sensitivity compared to photobleaching. Application of fast Hadamard transform CE (fHTCE) for fluorescein‐based dyes yields a ten‐fold higher sensitivity for photolytic injections compared to photobleaching injections, due primarily to the reduced fluorescent background provided by caged fluorescent dyes. Detection limits as low as 5 pM (ca. 18 molecules per injection event) were obtained with on‐column LIF detection using fHTCE in less than 25 s, with the capacity for continuous, online separations. Detection limits for glutamate and aspartate below 150 pM (1–2 amol/injection event) were obtained using photolytic sample injection, with separation efficiencies exceeding 1×106 plates/m and total multiplexed separation times as low as 8 s. These results strongly support the feasibility of this approach for high‐sensitivity dynamic chemical monitoring applications.
Dating currency crises with ad hoc and extreme value‐based thresholds: East Asia 1970–2002 [Dating currency crises]
Authors: Lestano  , Jacobs Jan P. A. M.
Published: August 2007

Generally a currency crisis is defined to occur if an index of currency pressure exceeds a threshold. This paper compares currency crisis dating methods. For two definitions of currency pressure we contrast ad hoc and extreme value‐based thresholds. We illustrate the methods with data of six East Asian countries for the January 1970–December 2002 period, and evaluate the methods on the basis of the IMF chronology of the Asia crisis in 1997–1999. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public debt indexation and denomination, the case of Brazil: a comment
Authors: Cysne Rubens Penha
Published: August 2007

In this work I analyse the model proposed by Goldfajn to study the choice of the denomination of the public debt. The main purpose of the analysis is to point out possible reasons why new empirical evidence provided by Bevilacqua et al., regarding a more recent time period, gives less empirical support to the model. I also provide a measure of the overestimation of welfare gains from hedging the debt caused by the simplified time frame of Goldfajn's model. Assuming a time‐preference parameter of 0.9, for instance, consumption gains associated with a hedge to the debt that reduces by half a one‐time 20%‐of‐GDP shock to government spending run around 1.43% under the no‐tax‐smoothing structure of the model. Under a Ramsey allocation, though, consumption increases by just 0.05%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic videodensitometric parameters correlate with abnormalities of left ventricular filling in hypertensive patients assessed via doppler tissue imaging
Authors: Coulon Paul , Lasserre Raphael , Gosse Philippe
Published: August 2007

Purpose

Using a videodensitometric technique developed in our center we investigated whether the amplitude of variation of gray levels in the interventricular septum was related to functional parameters, especially ventricular filling as studied by doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in hypertensive patients.

Methods and Results

We included 35 hypertensive patients from whom we recorded a two dimensional sequence of the left ventricle from the short axis parasternal view and a doppler tissue scan of the mitral ring. Two‐dimensional sections were then analyzed with Iodp software to measure variations in levels of gray in the septum. We observed significant correlations between these variations and the velocity of the Ea wave on DTI of the lateral wall (r = 0.49, p < 0.002). On dividing this population into three sub‐groups according to the Appleton classification of ventricular filling, we noted a tendency to a reduction in amplitude of variations of gray of the septum in cases with abnormalities of relaxation. This was even more marked in cases with a restrictive or pseudo‐normal profile.

Conclusion

These observations point to the interest of sonographic videodensitometry in the evaluation of hypertensive cardiopathy. Further studies will be required to determine whether it can define the extent of the abnormalities of myocardial structure and the degree of fibrosis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Maximum number of colorings of (2k, k2)‐graphs
Authors: Lazebnik Felix , Pikhurko Oleg , Woldar Andrew
Published: August 2007

Let ${\cal F}_{{2}{k},{k}^{2}}$ consist of all simple graphs on 2k vertices and ${k}^{2}$ edges. For a simple graph G and a positive integer $\lambda$, let ${P}_{G}(\lambda)$ denote the number of proper vertex colorings of G in at most $\lambda$ colors, and let $f(2k, k^{2}, \lambda) = {\rm max} \{{P}_{G}(\lambda):{G} \in {\cal F}_{{2}{k},{k}^{2}}\}$. We prove that $f(2{k}, {k}^{2}, 3) = {P}_{{K}_{{k}, {k}}}(3)$ and ${K}_{{k},{k}}$ is the only extremal graph. We also prove that $f({2}{k}, {k}^{2}, 4) = ({6}+{o}(1)){4}^{k}$ as ${k}\to \infty$. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 135–148, 2007
In vitro analysis of an allogenic scaffold for tissue‐engineered meniscus replacement
Authors: Maier Dirk , Braeun Klaus , Steinhauser Erwin , Ueblacker Peter , Oberst Michael , Kreuz Peter C. , Roos Nadine , Martinek Vladimir , Imhoff Andreas B.
Published: August 2007

Scaffolds play a key role in the field of tissue engineering. Particularly for meniscus replacement, optimal scaffold properties are critical. The aim of our study was to develop a novel scaffold for replacement of meniscal tissue by means of tissue engineering. Emphasis was put on biomechanical properties comparable to native meniscus, nonimmunogenecity, and the possibility of seeding cells into and cultivating them within the scaffold (nontoxicity). For this purpose, native ovine menisci were treated in vitro in a self‐developed enzymatic process. Complete cell removal was achieved and shown both histologically and electron microscopically (n = 15). Immunohistochemical reaction (MHC 1/MHC 2) was positive for native ovine meniscus and negative for the scaffold. Compared to native meniscus (25.8 N/mm) stiffness of the scaffold was significantly increased (30.2 N/mm, p < 0.05, n = 10). We determined the compression (%) of the native meniscus and the scaffold under a load of 7 N. The compression was 23% for native meniscus and 29% for the scaffold (p < 0.05, n = 10). Residual force of the scaffold was significantly lower (5.2 N vs. 4.9 N, p < 0.05, n = 10). Autologous fibrochondrocytes were needle injected and successfully cultivated within the scaffolds over a period of 4 weeks (n = 10). To our knowledge, this study is the first to remove cells and immunogenetic proteins (MHC 1/MHC 2) completely out of native meniscus and preserve important biomechanical properties. Also, injected cells could be successfully cultivated within the scaffold. Further in vitro and in vivo animal studies are necessary to establish optimal cell sources, sterilization, and seeding techniques. Cell differentiation, matrix production, in vivo remodeling of the construct, and possible immunological reactions after implantation are subject of further studies. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1598–1608, 2007
Functional tissue engineering for tendon repair: A multidisciplinary strategy using mesenchymal stem cells, bioscaffolds, and mechanical stimulation
Authors: Butler David L. , Juncosa‐Melvin Natalia , Boivin Gregory P. , Galloway Marc T. , Shearn Jason T. , Gooch Cynthia , Awad Hani
Published: August 2007

Over the past 8 years, our group has been continuously improving tendon repair using a functional tissue engineering (FTE) paradigm. This paradigm was motivated by inconsistent clinical results after tendon repair and reconstruction, and the modest biomechanical improvements we observed after repair of rabbit central patellar tendon defects using mesenchymal stem cell‐gel‐suture constructs. Although possessing a significantly higher stiffness and failure force than for natural healing, these first generation constructs were quite weak compared to normal tendon. Fundamental to the new FTE paradigm was the need to determine in vivo forces to which the repair tissue might be exposed. We first recorded these force patterns in two normal tendon models and then compared these peak forces to those for repairs of central defects in the rabbit patellar tendon model (PT). Replacing the suture with end‐posts in culture and lowering the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) concentration of these constructs resulted in failure forces greater than peak in vivo forces that were measured for all the studied activities. Augmenting the gel with a type I collagen sponge further increased repair stiffness and maximum force, and resulted in the repair tangent stiffness matching normal stiffness up to peak in vivo forces. Mechanically stimulating these constructs in bioreactors further enhanced repair biomechanics compared to normal. We are now optimizing components of the mechanical signal that is delivered in culture to further improve construct and repair outcome. Our contributions in the area of tendon functional tissue engineering have the potential to create functional load‐bearing repairs that will revolutionize surgical reconstruction after tendon and ligament injury. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1–9, 2008
Resistance to aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage inoculated with and without homofermentative or heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Nishino Naoki , Hattori Hirotaka
Published: August 2007

Wet brewers grains were stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) in laboratory silos with lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugar beet pulp, soya bean meal and molasses at 5:1:1:1:1:1 on fresh weight basis. The TMR mixture was inoculated with or without Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri to obtain silages with differing fermentation and stability after exposure to air. In the first experiment, ensiling was stopped at 10, 20 and 60 days, and the stability was tested for the following 7 days. Ethanol and lactic acid were the main products in untreated TMR silage, while addition of L. casei and L. buchneri increased lactic and acetic acid, respectively. No silages deteriorated in the presence of air over 7 days, regardless of inoculation, ensiling period and the level of yeasts determined at unloading. In the second experiment, silos were opened at 14 days and then subjected to aerobic stability test for 14 days. Resistance to deterioration was sustained in the untreated control, even with a high population (>104 cfu g−1) of yeasts throughout the 14‐day test. Spoilage was found in L. casei‐treated silage at about 5 days, while increase of yeasts preceded the distinct heating (degradation). In L. buchneri‐treated silage, no yeasts were detected at unloading or after exposure to air. These results suggest that substantial stability can be expected in TMR silage with or without inoculation of lactic acid bacteria. This property is not associated with the counts of yeasts at loading and the characteristics of silage such as alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of granule‐bound starch synthase in developing rice grain
Authors: Jeng Toong Long , Wang Chang Sheng , Tseng Tung Hai , Sung Jih Min
Published: August 2007

The expression of granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS) in rice (Oryza sativa) genotype Tainung 67 (200 g kg−1 grain amylose content) and its two NaN3‐induced mutants SA419 and SA418 were examined. G/T polymorphism analysis indicated that SA418 (300 g kg−1 grain amylose content) carried Wxa allele. The insertion of 23 base pairs sequence was found only in SA419 (80 g kg−1 grain amylose content), suggesting that it was a waxy mutant. Microsatellite polymorphisms (CT)n were also detected on the Wx gene encoding GBSS in the tested genotypes. The activities of several key enzymes involving starch biosynthesis in developing grains of field‐grown rice plants were also compared during grain filling period. Significant genotypic differences were only found in the expression of GBSS. The content of amylose in SA418 grain was higher than Tainung 67 and SA419 grains throughout the entire grain filling period, possibly due to its superiority to synthesize amylose through GBSS. The lowest amylose content of SA 419 grain was attributable to its extremely low activity of GBSS in comparison with the two other genotypes. The mutation effects on the expression of GBSS were confirmed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry