bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and their application in experimental embryology
Authors: Opiela J. , Samiec M.
Published: January 2014

The efficiency of somatic cell cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer; SCNT) as well as in vitro fertilization/in vitro embryo production (IVF/IVP) in mammals stay at relatively same level for over a decade. Despite plenty of different approaches none satisfactory break-through took place. In this article, we briefly summarize the implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for experimental embryology. The advantages of using MSCs as nuclear donors in somatic cell cloning and in vitro embryo culture are described. The description of results obtained with these cells in mammalian embryo genomic engineering is presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging assisted with fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of fibrosarcomas of the skull in dogs
Authors: Zhalniarovich Y. , Adamiak Z. , Przyborowska P. , Otrocka-Domagała D.
Published: January 2014

Five canine patients were directed to low-field magnetic resonance imaging due to different neurological defects. In each case there were heterogeneous extraaxial masses covering left or right dorsal parietal and occipital lobes that were isointense to the brain on T1-weighted Spin Echo images, isointense to hypointense to the brain on T2-weighted Fast Spin Echo sequences and hypointense to the brain on Flair sequence. After MRI study fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumors was performed. On the basis of the cytological examination fibrosarcomas with of moderate malignancy were diagnosed.
Airborne contact dermatitis and asthma in a nail art operator
Authors: Vaccaro Mario , Guarneri Fabrizio , Barbuzza Olga , Cannavò Serafinella
Published: January 2014

Nail art (creation and decoration of artificial nails) is a growing fashion trend. Proportionally to its popularity, the number of allergic reactions to the materials used has recently increased. We report the case of a nail art operator who developed occupational allergy to acrylates, manifested with the unusual simultaneous presence of asthma and dermatitis. Cutaneous lesions only affected areas not covered by individual protection devices or clothes, even if such areas were not in direct contact with acrylates, suggesting airborne allergic contact dermatitis. While respiratory problems were solved with the correct use of a mask at the workplace, facial dermatitis proved impossible to avoid or control and, for this reason, the patient had to change her work.
A new species of Hemipenthes LOEW (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) from Miocene Dominican amber
Authors: Evenhuis Neal L.
Published: January 2014

A new species of the genus Hemipenthes LOEW, H. dominicana sp. n. is described and illustrated from the Miocene Dominican amber. This marks the first record of this genus and the subfamily Anthracinae from Dominican amber.
Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressures in Children With and Without Sever Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta E. , Rodriguez-Sanz David
Published: January 2014

Background

Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease) has been reported to be the most common cause of heel pain in athletic children.

Objective

The study aim was to compare plantar pressure, plantar surface contact area, distribution of body weight across the lower extremities, and prevalence of gastrocnemius ankle equinus and gastrocnemius-soleus ankle equinus (which can cause decreases in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion) in children with and without Sever disease.

Design

This was a case-control study.

Methods

Participants were 56 male students enrolled in a soccer academy. Twenty-eight participants had Sever disease (Sever disease group), and 28 participants were healthy (control group). Dynamic and static peak plantar pressures, plantar surface contact area, and body weight distribution were assessed with pedobarography. A goniometer was used to assess gastrocnemius and gastrocnemius-soleus ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.

Results

Both maximum and average peak pressures and percentages of body weight supported by each heel were significantly higher in the symptomatic feet of participants in the Sever disease group than in the control group. Twenty-six participants with Sever disease but only 8 participants in the control group exhibited bilateral gastrocnemius ankle equinus.

Limitations

A limitation of the study is that measurements were obtained from participants who were symptomatic.

Conclusions

Higher heel plantar pressures under dynamic and static conditions appear to be associated with Sever disease. It is unclear, however, whether these higher pressures are a predisposing factor contributing to the disease or a result of the condition. Gastrocnemius ankle equinus also may be a predisposing factor for Sever disease. Further research is needed to identify other biomechanical factors associated with the disease to enhance prevention and treatment strategies.
A Modern Neuroscience Approach to Chronic Spinal Pain: Combining Pain Neuroscience Education With Cognition-Targeted Motor Control Training
Authors: Nijs Jo , Meeus Mira , Cagnie Barbara , Roussel Nathalie A. , Dolphens Mieke , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Danneels Lieven
Published: January 2014

Chronic spinal pain (CSP) is a severely disabling disorder, including nontraumatic chronic low back and neck pain, failed back surgery, and chronic whiplash-associated disorders. Much of the current therapy is focused on input mechanisms (treating peripheral elements such as muscles and joints) and output mechanisms (addressing motor control), while there is less attention to processing (central) mechanisms. In addition to the compelling evidence for impaired motor control of spinal muscles in patients with CSP, there is increasing evidence that central mechanisms (ie, hyperexcitability of the central nervous system and brain abnormalities) play a role in CSP. Hence, treatments for CSP should address not only peripheral dysfunctions but also the brain. Therefore, a modern neuroscience approach, comprising therapeutic pain neuroscience education followed by cognition-targeted motor control training, is proposed. This perspective article explains why and how such an approach to CSP can be applied in physical therapist practice.
A Comparative Study On 136 Opioid Abusers In India and Nepal
Authors: Aich TK , Saha I , Ram D , Ranjan S , Subedi S
Published: January 2014

Background: Though opioid abuse is a common clinical entity, only few published articles are available in Nepal.   Aim: To compare the pattern of drugs and opioid abuse amongst patients at two de-addiction centres in India and Nepal   Methods: Seventy-six opioid abusers at CIP, Ranchi, India and 60 opioid abusers at UCMS, Bhairahawa, Nepal were recruited for the present study. Demographic and clinical profiles of patients at these two places are studied and compared.   Results: Mean age of patients at Bhairahawa, Nepal was significantly lower than their counterpart in Ranchi. While majority of patients at Ranchi reported alone for treatment, patients at Bhairahawa were mostly accompanied by their guardians/relatives or friends. Patients at Ranchi had more lifetime diagnosis of opioid abuse while patients at Nepal had more lifetime diagnosis of poly-substance abuse. Patients at Bhairahawa, Nepal had significantly more history of Injectable drug abuse and had more history of IDU related side effects. Approximately 40% of opioid abusers in Nepal centre responded that the opportunity to work abroad was the highest motivating factor for seeking treatment. Opioid withdrawal delirium appeared to a valid clinical entity with history of 5 cases and 2 cases of withdrawal delirium in Ranchi and Bhairahawa center respectively. Symptom of "Koro" during opioid withdrawal period was reported by at least one patient each at Ranchi and Nepal center.   Conclusions: Opioid abusers at both the centres appear to have similar social and clinical characteristics except on few social and clinical parameters.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9719 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 11-17
The study of Psychiatric Disorders in patients with Thyroid Disorder at the tertiary care centre in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Thapa DK , Upadhyaya TL , Lamichhane N , Subedi S
Published: January 2014

Background:Recent advances in biotechnology have led to an improved understanding of the impact of thyroid functions on the adult, mature brain. This development has been particularly helpful in elucidating the role of thyroid hormones in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of various psychiatric disorders in adult patients affected by different thyroid disorders.   Methods and materials:This was a descriptive, cross- sectional, hospital based and a collaborative study between the internal medicine and the psychiatry department at Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. Based on the ICD- 10 psychiatric diagnosis, 60 consecutive consenting subjects of any gender above 18 years of age were included in the study. The duration of the study was 6 months.   Results:The total numbers of subjects enrolled in the study were 60. The female consisted of 81.7% (49). The mean age was 39.62 ± 12.85 years. Regarding the thyroid disorder; 76.7% (46) had hypothyroidism, 15% (9) had sub clinical hypothyroidism, and both the hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis were found in 3.3% (2) of the cases while papillary carcinoma was found in 1.7% (1) case. Determination of psychiatric co-morbidity showed that; greater numbers of the subjects i.e. 48.3% (29) had neurotic, stress- related and somatoform disorders (F40- F48), 26.7% (16) had mood (affective) disorder (F30- F39), 13.3% (8) had simultaneously two psychiatric disorder, 10% (6) had headache and only 1.7% (1) had lack or loss of sexual desire (F52.0).   Conclusion: Compared to males, Females are more likely to have thyroid disorder. Clinician has to be alert to the possible underlying psychiatric disorder in subjects with any thyroid disorder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9723 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 29-34
Department of Psychiatry, IOM up to 2013: Contributions and achievements
Authors: Sharma VD
Published: January 2014

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9731 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 54-56
The Scourge of Plagiary: Perversions of Imitation in the English Renaissance
Authors: Cook Trevor
Published: January 2014

When satirists first used the Latin legal term plagiary (literally “kidnapper”) as a metaphor for literary misappropriation in English at the turn of the seventeenth century, their mistaken belief that it derived from the word for whip (plaga) fit well with their humanist education: students were beaten for their failures to imitate successfully in the same way that kidnappers had presumably been punished in ancient Rome; they were whipped. This folk etymology helps explain why the earliest recorded accusations of plagiarism in English take place in satires associated with the scourge; it also illustrates how definitions and accusations of plagiarism were themselves often plagiarized. England’s satirists publicly whipped each other for their own private failures of imitation as they had learned to do in the early modern grammar school in ways that resonate with how plagiarism is identified and punished today.
Assessment of a noninvasive cerebral oxygenation monitor in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rosenthal Guy , Furmanov Alex , Itshayek Eyal , Shoshan Yigal , Singh Vineeta
Published: January 2014

Object

Development of a noninvasive monitor to assess cerebral oxygenation has long been a goal in neurocritical care. The authors evaluated the feasibility and utility of a noninvasive cerebral oxygenation monitor, the CerOx 3110, which uses near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound to measure regional cerebral tissue oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and compared measurements obtained using this device to those obtained using invasive cerebral monitoring.

Methods

Patients with severe TBI admitted to the intensive care unit at Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital requiring intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and advanced neuromonitoring were included in this study. The authors assessed 18 patients with severe TBI using the CerOx monitor and invasive advanced cerebral monitors.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 45.3 ± 23.7 years and the median Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 5 (interquartile range 3–7). Eight patients underwent unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy and 1 patient underwent craniotomy. Sixteen patients underwent insertion of a jugular bulb venous catheter, and 18 patients underwent insertion of a Licox brain tissue oxygen monitor. The authors found a strong correlation (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) between the jugular bulb venous saturation from the venous blood gas and the CerOx measure of regional cerebral tissue saturation on the side ipsilateral to the catheter. A multivariate analysis revealed that among the physiological parameters of mean arterial blood pressure, ICP, brain tissue oxygen tension, and CerOx measurements on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides, only ipsilateral CerOx measurements were significantly correlated to jugular bulb venous saturation (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Measuring regional cerebral tissue oxygenation with the CerOx monitor in a noninvasive manner is feasible in patients with severe TBI in the neurointensive care unit. The correlation between the CerOx measurements and the jugular bulb venous measurements of oxygen saturation indicate that the CerOx may be able to provide an estimation of cerebral oxygenation status in a noninvasive manner.
An extent of resection threshold for recurrent glioblastoma and its risk for neurological morbidity
Authors: Oppenlander Mark E. , Wolf Andrew B. , Snyder Laura A. , Bina Robert , Wilson Jeffrey R. , Coons Stephen W. , Ashby Lynn S. , Brachman David , Nakaji Peter , Porter Randall W. , Smith Kris A. , Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader
Published: January 2014

Object

Despite improvements in the medical and surgical management of patients with glioblastoma, tumor recurrence remains inevitable. For recurrent glioblastoma, however, the clinical value of a second resection remains uncertain. Specifically, what proportion of contrast-enhancing recurrent glioblastoma tissue must be removed to improve overall survival and what is the neurological cost of incremental resection beyond this threshold?

Methods

The authors identified 170 consecutive patients with recurrent supratentorial glioblastomas treated at the Barrow Neurological Institute from 2001 to 2011. All patients previously had a de novo glioblastoma and following their initial resection received standard temozolomide and fractionated radiotherapy.

Results

The mean clinical follow-up was 22.6 months and no patient was lost to follow-up. At the time of recurrence, the median preoperative tumor volume was 26.1 cm3. Following re-resection, median postoperative tumor volume was 3.1 cm3, equating to an 87.4% extent of resection (EOR). The median overall survival was 19.0 months, with a median progression-free survival following re-resection of 5.2 months. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, the variables of age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and EOR were predictive of survival following repeat resection (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, a significant survival advantage was noted with as little as 80% EOR. Recursive partitioning analysis validated these findings and provided additional risk stratification at the highest levels of EOR. Overall, at 7 days after surgery, a deterioration in the NIH stroke scale score by 1 point or more was observed in 39.1% of patients with EOR ≥ 80% as compared with 16.7% for those with EOR < 80% (p = 0.0049). This disparity in neurological morbidity, however, did not endure beyond 30 days postoperatively (p = 0.1279).

Conclusions

For recurrent glioblastomas, an improvement in overall survival can be attained beyond an 80% EOR. This survival benefit must be balanced against the risk of neurological morbidity, which does increase with more aggressive cytoreduction, but only in the early postoperative period. Interestingly, this putative EOR threshold closely approximates that reported for newly diagnosed glioblastomas, suggesting that for a subset of patients, the survival benefit of microsurgical resection does not diminish despite biological progression.
Awake mapping for low-grade gliomas involving the left sagittal stratum: anatomofunctional and surgical considerations
Authors: Chan-Seng Emilie , Moritz-Gasser Sylvie , Duffau Hugues
Published: January 2014

Object

Preserving function while optimizing the extent of resection is the main goal in surgery for diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG). This is particularly relevant for DLGG involving the sagittal stratum (SS), where damage can have severe consequences. Indeed, this structure is a major crossroad in which several important fascicles run. Thus, its complex functional anatomy is still poorly understood. Subcortical electrical stimulation during awake surgery provides a unique opportunity to investigate white matter pathways. This study reports the findings on anatomofunctional correlations evoked by stimulation during resection for gliomas involving the left SS. Surgical outcomes are also detailed.

Methods

The authors performed a review of patients who underwent awake surgery for histopathologically confirmed WHO Grade II glioma involving the left SS in the neurosurgery department between August 2008 and August 2012. Information regarding clinicoradiological features, surgical procedures, and outcomes was collected and analyzed. Intraoperative electrostimulation was used to map the eloquent structures within the SS.

Results

Eight consecutive patients were included in this study. There were 6 men and 2 women, whose mean age was 41.7 years (range 32–61 years). Diagnosis was made because of seizures in 7 cases and slight language disorders in 1 case. After cortical mapping, subcortical stimulation detected functional fibers running in the SS in all patients: semantic paraphasia was generated by stimulating the inferior frontooccipital fascicle in 8 cases; alexia was elicited by stimulating the inferior longitudinal fascicle in 3 cases; visual disorders were induced by stimulating the optic radiations in 5 cases. Moreover, in front of the SS, phonemic paraphasia was evoked by stimulating the temporal part of the arcuate fascicle in 5 patients. The resection was stopped according to these functional limits in the 8 patients. After a transient postsurgical worsening, all patients recovered to normal results on examination, except for the persistence of a right superior quadrantanopia in 5 cases, with no consequences for quality of life. The 8 patients returned to a normal social and professional life. Total or subtotal resection was achieved in all cases but one.

Conclusions

The authors suggest that the use of intrasurgical electrical mapping of the white matter pathways in awake patients opens the door to extensive resection of DLGG within the left SS while preserving the quality of life. Further anatomical, clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological studies are needed for a better understanding of the functional anatomy of this complex region.
Le voyage du frère mort ou le mariage qui tue.
Authors: Xanthakou Margarita
Published: January 2014

L'auteur commente et confronte les variantes maniotes (Sud-Péloponèse) et d'autres versions balkaniques (grecques ou non) d'une légende connue au moins dans plusieurs régions de l'europe orientale. La comparaison lui fournit, pour l'essentiel, quelques nouveaux indices de la spécificité d'un fantasme ethnique qui, d'après certains résultats de ses précédentes recherches de terrain, caractériserait localement — en tout cas par le degré de sa singulière prégnance sur divers registres — la culture du Magne traditionnel. Il s'agit en l'occurrence de l'expression, dans l'imaginaire culturel, de tensions particulièrement fortes liées aux dangers des alliances matrimoniales entre des groupes qu'oppose toujours dans cette région une vive hostilité, latente ou manifeste (les célèbres vendettas maniotes en sont la manifestation critique).
Reproduction interdite. La dimension symbolique de la domination économique
Authors: Bourdieu Pierre
Published: January 2014

Forbidden Reproduction : The Symbolic Dimension of Economic Domination

Owing to the unification of the market of symbolic and economic goods, the conditions have vanished that underlaid the existence of peasant values, capable of opposing dominant values. For peasants, the matrimonial market gives an opportunity to discover that their social price has plummeted. Owing to the unification of this market, the institution that used to be the keystone of the whole system of reproduction strategies has plunged into a crisis ; and the "household" 's very existence is threatened. The person who remains single, thus leaving land without any heir, achieves what the mere effects of economic domination and of the relative degradation of farm incomes have not been able to do.
Human Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid Cells are Able to Create Embryoid Body-Like Structures in Vitro and to Show Typical Expression Profiles of Embryonic and Primordial Germ Cells
Authors: Antonucci Ivana , Di Pietro Roberta , Alfonsi Melissa , Centurione Maria Antonietta , Centurione Lucia , Sancilio Silvia , Pelagatti Francesca , D'amico Maria Angela , Di Baldassarre Angela , Piattelli Adriano , Tetè Stefano , Palka Giandomenico , Borlongan Cesar V. , Stuppia Liborio
Published: January 2014

Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) represent a novel class of broadly multipotent stem cells sharing characteristics of both embryonic and adult stem cells. However, both the origin of these cells and their actual properties in terms of pluripotent differentiation potential are still debated. In order to verify the presence of features of pluripotency in human second trimester AFSCs, we have investigated the ability of these cells to form in vitro three-dimensional aggregates, known as embryoid bodies (EBs), and to express specific genes of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). EBs were obtained after 5 days of AFSC culture in suspension and showed positivity for alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining and for specific markers of pluripotency (OCT4 and SOX2). Moreover, EB-derived cells showed the expression of specific transcripts of the three germ layers. RT-PCR analysis, carried out at different culture times (second, third, fourth, fifth, and eighth passages), revealed the presence of specific markers of ESCs (such as FGF4 and DAPPA4), as well as of markers typical of PGCs and, in particular, genes involved in early stages of germ cell development (Fragilis, Stella, Vasa, c-Kit, Rnf17). Finally, the expression of genes related to the control of DNA methylation (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, DNMT3L, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, MDB4, MeCP2), as well as the lack of inactivation of the X-chromosome in female samples, was also demonstrated. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for the presence of common features among human AFSCs, PGCs, and ESCs.
Alan Turing: ¿personaje del siglo XX?
Authors: Sánchez Ron José M.
Published: January 2014

En diciembre de 1999, la revista Time eligió a Albert Einstein “The Person of the Century”. Fue, no cabe duda, una elección razonable, pero, como se argumenta en este artículo, existen también buenos argumentos para sostener que Turing podría haber recibido tal honor. En apoyo de semejante tesis están sus trabajos puramente científicos, que se esbozan aquí, trabajos que entroncan con la mejor tradición matemática, y cómo afectaron al desarrollo matemático, siendo finalmente instrumentales en la configuración de un nuevo mundo tecnológico, tanto en lo que al cálculo y manejo de información se refiere, como en lo relativo al establecimiento de nuevas formas de relaciones sociales. Relacionadas con lo anterior, se encuentran las aportaciones que hizo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial al desciframiento de códigos secretos, que, en cierto sentido, metafórico, se pueden considerar como una nueva herramienta para socavar la privacidad, ese derecho civil cuya negación arruinó su propia vida.
Haciéndolo realidad: ganador del Premio Loebner del diseño chatbot
Authors: Wilcox Bruce , Wilcox Sue
Published: January 2014

Durante los últimos tres años, nuestros chatbots han conseguido dos veces el primer puesto y una el segundo en el concurso Premio Loebner, con un personaje distinto cada año (Suzette, Rosette, Angela). Suzette, incluso consiguió engañar a un juez humano.
Un chatbot de clase mundial debe contar la historia de su vida, tener una personalidad coherente y responder emocionalmente. Se necesita una gran cantidad de secuencias de comandos así como un motor de gran alcance diseñado para apoyar el procesamiento del lenguaje natural en diferentes maneras y lograr que le resulte relativamente fácil al autor toda esa secuencia de comandos.
En este artículo se analiza brevemente ChatScript, el código abierto Natural Language en el que programar y poner en marcha nuestros robots. A continuación, se describe cómo construimos chatbots y lo que hemos aprendido hasta ahora.
Suicidio en azul con negra mancha. Breve historia de un balazo en la pintura de Pablo Picasso
Authors: Godoy C. Ivan
Published: January 2014

París 1901: por el amor de una mujer, se suicida de un balazo en la cabeza Carles Casagemas, amigo íntimo de juventud de Pablo Picasso. Este trágico suceso producirá un gran dolor en el artista, el cual, lo hará internarse en el tema de la muerte y elaborar su “duelo” apoyado en su pintura. El “hoyo a bala” en la sien de su amigo se desplazará simbólicamente a varios espacios de la vida del joven Picasso y devendrá en “vacío profundo” y “melancolía”, permeando diferentes ámbitos dentro de la pintura de Picasso, dando comienzo a su mentado período azul.
Sexo y Modernidad en la España de la Segunda República. Los discursos de la ciencia
Authors: Huertas Rafael , Novella Enric
Published: January 2014

Este artículo pretende estudiar los contenidos científicos del movimiento de “reforma sexual” que tuvo lugar en España en los años veinte y treinta y que culminó durante la Segunda República. Se abordan, al respecto, tres aspectos fundamentales: 1) la introducción de la nueva ciencia sexológica; 2) el interés por la educación sexual de los niños; y 3) la promulgación de una nueva legislación matrimonial (la ley de divorcio de 1932). Se identifican discursos científicos, asimilados a una “modernización” de las costumbres, siempre desde presupuestos laicos y progresistas. Se apunta la confrontación entre enfoques biologicistas o endocrinológicos y planteamientos psicoanalíticos, estableciéndose como eje argumental el fomento de una vivencia consciente y sana de la sexualidad. Temas como paternidad responsable, control de la natalidad, prevención de los trastornos mentales (ligados a vivencias sexuales traumáticas), etc., son analizados a la luz de fuentes médicas, psicológicas y jurídicas en relación con la reforma de las costumbres sexuales y la superación de la doble moral burguesa.
Effect of mixing techniques on bacterial attachment and disinfection time of polyether impression material
Authors: Guler Umut , Budak Yasemin , Ruh Emrah , Ocal Yesim , Canay Senay , Akyon Yakut
Published: January 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was 2-fold. The first aim was to evaluate the effects of mixing technique (hand-mixing or auto-mixing) on bacterial attachment to polyether impression materials. The second aim was to determine whether bacterial attachment to these materials was affected by length of exposure to disinfection solutions. Materials and Methods: Polyether impression material samples (n = 144) were prepared by hand-mixing or auto-mixing. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used in testing. After incubation, the bacterial colonies were counted and then disinfectant solution was applied. The effect of disinfection solution was evaluated just after the polymerization of impression material and 30 min after polymerization. Differences in adherence of bacteria to the samples prepared by hand-mixing and to those prepared by auto-mixing were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. For evaluating the efficiency of the disinfectant, Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparisons test was used. Results: E. coli counts were higher in hand-mixed materials (p < 0.05); no other statistically significant differences were found between hand- and auto-mixed materials. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, significant differences were found between the disinfection procedures (Z > 2.394). Conclusions: The methods used for mixing polyether impression material did not affect bacterial attachment to impression surfaces. In contrast, the disinfection procedure greatly affects decontamination of the impression surface.
Effect of operator variability on microleakage with different adhesive systems
Authors: Karaman Emel , Yazici A. Ruya , Aksoy Burak , Karabulut Erdem , Ozgunaltay Gul , Dayangac Berrin
Published: January 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of operator variability on microleakage with different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 standardized Class V cavities were prepared on facial and lingual of 90 extracted human premolar teeth and randomly assigned to five groups according to the adhesive systems used (n = 36): Prime and Bond NT (PB), Single Bond (SB), Futura Bond NR, Xeno III (XE) and Adper Prompt-L-Pop (LP). The adhesive groups were then further subdivided into three operator groups according to level of clinical experience (n = 12): An undergraduate student, a research assistant and a faculty member. All cavities were restored with same composite resin. The restored teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5-55°C) then immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin and measured for leakage under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Significant inter-operator variation was found in the enamel margins in the XE group with significantly higher microleakage when used by the undergraduate student (p < 0.05). Although no significant differences in microleakage were found between adhesive systems for the research assistant and faculty member (p > 0.05), significant differences were observed between PB and LP, PB and XE, SB and LP and SB and XE in the enamel margins for the undergraduate student (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Microleakage of adhesive systems is more dependent on interactions between the operator and adhesive material than on the choice of adhesive material.
Isolated oligodontia in monozygotic twins
Authors: Halicioglu Koray , Sahin Hakan , Corekci Bayram , Irgin Celal , Toptas Orcun
Published: January 2014

This case report defines a case of isolated oligodontia of 9 and 10 permanent teeth in 9-year-old monozygotic twin sisters and gives information about the possible genetic and environmental etiology, related dental anomalies and treatment options. The twins have a negative family history of hypodontia and oligodontia in their parents, as well as their paternal and maternal grandmothers and first cousins. No other dental anomalies could be detected in either of the twins. With the occurrence of similarly located tooth agenesis, except for one tooth, in monozygotic twins, one may consider the influence of genetic and/or environmental factors in their etiology. Hereditary relationships associated with oligodontia could help the clinicians to predict the possibility of its occurrence in other family members and in the next generations. However, clinicians should consider oligodontia when it is not hereditary.
Can dentin surfaces be bonded safely with total-etch and self-etch systems?
Authors: Akin Mehmet , Baka Zeliha Muge , Ileri Zehra , Basciftci Faruk Ayhan
Published: January 2014

Objective: To assess and compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel and dentin surfaces by using total-etching and 3 different self-etching adhesives. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 extracted mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups. In Group I, the hard tissue was etched with 37% phosphoric acid; in Group II, Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TSEP) system was used; in Group III, Clearfil Tri-S Bond Plus was used; and, in Group IV, AdheSE was used. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: The enamel surfaces were conditioned in subgroup-A, and the dentin surfaces were conditioned in subgroup-B. The samples were stored in water for 24 h at 37°C and then thermocycled. The SBS in megapascals (MPa) was determined by a shear test with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed, and failure types were classified with modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. The data were analyzed with two-way analyses of variance, Tukey′s, and Chi-square tests at the 0.05 level. Results: The mean SBS value of subgroup-A in Group I was significantly higher than the mean values in the other groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the SBS values in the other groups (P>0.05). Significant differences were found in the ARI between subgroup-A in Group I and the other groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: When used on the enamel, the self-etch systems did not have bond strengths as high as that in the conventional method. However, the self-etch systems can be used as successfully as the conventional method on dentin surfaces.
The Municipality as Controlling Shareholder and the Applicability of Law Relating to Groups of Companies
Authors: Podgorelec Peter , Bratina Borut
Published: January 2014

In the opinion of the authors, the rules of concern law (law relating to groups of companies) included in the Slovenian Companies Act (ZGD-1) must also be applied analogically in cases where municipalities become controlling shareholder in a company. The municipality and one or more companies in which the municipality is a controlling shareholder, form a de facto concern. This gives rise to a number of legal consequences, most importantly to the obligation to draw up a dependence report, to the liability of the municipality and the mayor for damages to the controlled company and to the right of every controlled company’s shareholders to file actio pro socio. Accordingly, legal protection of the controlled company, its minority shareholders and creditors is increased, coinciding with the purpose of concern law. The rules of concern law are, however, relevant only with regard to those influences on the controlled company exercised by the municipality as the controlling shareholder, and not in the case of a municipality exercising its regulatory prerogatives.
Análise do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional de instituições de ensino superior participantes da Associação de Universidades Grupo Montevideo – AUGM
Authors: Mello Junior de , Madruga Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama , Ávila Lucas Veiga , Beuron Thiago Antônio
Published: January 2014

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de planejamento, denominado de Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional - PDI e o contexto de três universidades participantes da Associação de Universidades Grupo Montevideo - AUGM, localizadas em países da América Latina - Argentina, Brasil e Chile. Quanto ao método, o presente estudo classifica-se como multicaso e caracteriza-se como qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, utilizando-se fonte de dados primários e secundários, coletadas na reunião do Núcleo Disciplinar de Avaliação Institucional, Planejamento Estratégico e Gestão Universitária da AUGM, realizada em agosto de 2012 na cidade de Assunção, Paraguai. Os resultados evidenciaram que as universidades consideram o processo de planejamento fundamental para orientar o seu processo de gestão e desenvolveram processos participativos utilizando-se de pesquisas, reuniões, seminários e consultas à comunidade universitária. As Instituições procuram desenvolver mecanismos para acompanhamento do PDI de modo a torná-lo ferramenta efetiva de gestão. O Núcleo de Planejamento da AUGM mantém discussões importantes sobre o tema. Destacou-se também que existe disparidades na forma de implementação e execução do planejamento entre as universidades participantes, ocorrendo problemas similares.
As políticas de assistência estudantil: experiências comparadas em universidades públicas brasileiras
Authors: Assis Anna Carolina Lili de , Sanabio Marcos Tanure , Magaldi Carolina Alves , Machado Carla Silva
Published: January 2014

O presente artigo apresenta uma discussão comparada entre as políticas de Assistência Estudantil em 11 Universidades Públicas, estaduais e federais, a partir da trajetória do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), das intervenções e participação do Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Assuntos Comunitários e Estudantis (FONAPRACE), na qual, as abordagens das políticas são pautadas no resgate da cidadania e do direito social, e não apenas no caráter assistencialista. No estudo, adotam-se metodologias qualitativas e estudo de caso como mecanismos da interpretação do fenômeno pesquisado. Observa-se que as Universidades pesquisas procuram implantar políticas de Assistência Estudantil em uma visão ampla de atendimento das necessidades dos seus alunos adotando um elenco de tipologias de bolsas como: moradia, alimentação, saúde, lazer, cultura, educação, entre outros, e de forma integrada.
Distribuição regional das instituições de ensino superior gratuito no Estado de Santa Catarina: a lacuna na Mesorregião do Vale do Itajaí e as contradições das políticas públicas de expansão de vagas
Authors: Reis Clóvis , Silva Jamile Delagnelo Fagundes da , Staloch Rubens
Published: January 2014

O debate sobre democratização do Ensino Superior no Brasil é um tema recorrente, sendo que a garantia do acesso é uma das questões centrais destas discussões. Tratar da “democratização do ensino superior” implica no enfrentamento de questões ligadas ao acesso de um maior número de estudantes a esse grau de ensino. O presente artigo tem como objeto central analisar as políticas públicas de acesso com base no mapeamento das Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas gratuitas no Estado de Santa Catarina, considerando para o mapeamento a divisão geopolítica mesorregional do IBGE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo interpretativo. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por dados do IBGE e informações disponibilizadas pelas instituições. Após a análise dos dados, se pode dizer que 37,5% das IES públicas gratuitas que oferta mais de três cursos superiores estão concentradas na mesorregião da Grande Florianópolis, em detrimento de outras regiões do território catarinense. Verifica-se que apenas 3,39% dos municípios do Estado possuem IES pública gratuita que oferta mais de três cursos superiores.
O PDCA como ferramenta de apoio à implementação do planejamento estratégico em uma instituição de ensino
Authors: Zandavalli Carla , Mello Marta Inês Caldart de , Souza Ana Clara Medina Menezes de , Andreolla Veruschka Rocha Medeiros , Jubini Gilberto Mazoco
Published: January 2014

A presente pesquisa configurar-se como um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo que tem como objetivo identificar as contribuições que o ciclo PDCA pode trazer na fase de implementação do planejamento estratégico na Instituição de Ensino em estudo. Foram aplicados 17 questionários na área estratégica da Instituição e levantou-se as possíveis contribuições da aplicação do ciclo PDCA nesta fase. O estudo revelou que 64,7 % dos gestores tem formação de curta duração em gestão e nenhum gestor tem graduação na área, sendo que 94,1 % dos gestores adquirem conhecimentos sobre gestão com a prática do dia-a-dia. Observa-se que 94,1 % dos gestores responderam que é “muito importante”  a existência de uma ferramenta de apoio na execução da estratégia. Quanto a aplicação do ciclo PDCA, como uma ferramenta de apoio a fase de implementação do PE, observou-se que há contribuições quanto aos procedimentos que facilitem a execução da estratégia, incentivo ao aperfeiçoamento contínuo, apoio a sistemas de informação, acompanhamento da execução da estratégia, necessidade de desdobramento de estratégias e ações entre os níveis da instituição.Não pode ser evidenciado que o método contribui diretamente nas questões relacionadas à estrutura, comunicação, liderança e cultura na organização.
Implementación de la carrera académica como medio de integración del NSPT a la Universidad
Authors: Geromini Noemi Susana , Lovallo Carlo Gustavo
Published: January 2014

Con el fin de mejorar la calidad académica de su cuerpo docente, el Instituto Nacional Superior del Profesorado Técnico -INSPT-, como Institución de Educación Superior  no Universitaria, considera necesaria la planificación de estrategias que permitan generar espacios de pertenencia a sus docentes, que les otorguen estabilidad laboral y posibilidades de proyección, mediante el establecimiento de reglas claras e imparciales que protejan a la comunidad académica. La calidad académica se logra por medio de una clara definición de las características esperadas de los docentes y la excelencia se fomenta con procesos de evaluación continuos de todas las activida-des de la vida académica: enseñanza, investigación, extensión y gestión. La Carrera Académica, sistema que establece ingreso, permanencia y promoción de los docentes, resulta ser el recurso más adecuado para estimular la mejora continua de la tarea docente y lograr la excelencia académica, haciendo posible la integración de una institución no universitaria al sistema universitario. Mediante un exhaustivo análisis de la idiosincrasia de la comunidad educativa del INSPT, y aten-diendo a las características esperables de sus docentes, el Instituto procura adaptarse al régimen docente universitario vigente en la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional  -UTN. Para lograr este objetivo, se han analizado el Estatuto Universitario, la Ordenanza 1182 del Consejo Superior y se ha elaborado un documento que, por un lado, fundamenta la necesidad de adecuar el régimen de ingreso, permanencia y promoción docente del INSPT a la Carrera Académica de la Universidad, y por otro, propone los pasos a seguir para su implementación, con el convencimiento de que su aplicación redundará en una continua mejora de la calidad académica del Instituto. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos, por un lado, fundamentar y describir el proceso de ade-cuación del régimen docente del INSPT, a la Carrera Académica de la UTN, resaltando su valor como medio de integración del Instituto a la Universidad y a la vez, presentar una propuesta de im-plementación de la Carrera Académica al Instituto.
Enhancement of aerosols in UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau induced by deep convection during the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: He Q. S. , Li C. C. , Ma J. Z. , Wang H. Q. , Yan X. L. , Liang Z. R. , Qi G. M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients were measured by an Micro Pulse Lidar at Naqu (31.5° N, 92.1° E, 4508 m a.m.s.l.), a meteorological station located on the central part of the Tibetan Plateau during summer 2011. Observations show a persistent maximum in aerosol extinction coefficients in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) within an anticyclone during the Asian summer monsoon. These aerosol layers were generally located at an altitude of 18–19 km m.s.l., 1–2 km higher than the tropopause, with broad layer depth ranging approximately 3–4 km. Variations in these aerosols are found to be closely related to the intensity of underlying deep convection. Efficient vertical transport resulting from the most intensive convection is considered to be most important for the enhancement of aerosols observed near the tropopause. Temporal variations in aerosol layer in UTLS over the Plateau show a significant peak at midnight. This further indicates that deep convection plays an important role in the accumulation of aerosols in UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau.
Spectrometric monitoring of atmospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) above the Jungfraujoch station since 1989: evidence of continued increase but at a slowing rate
Authors: Mahieu E. , Zander R. , Toon G. C. , Vollmer M. K. , Reimann S. , Mühle J. , Bader W. , Bovy B. , Lejeune B. , Servais C. , Demoulin P. , Roland G. , Bernath P. F. , Boone C. D. , Walker K. A. , Duchatelet P.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The long-term evolution of the vertical column abundance of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) above the high-altitude Jungfraujoch station (Swiss Alps, 46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580 m a.s.l.) has been derived from the spectrometric analysis of Fourier transform infrared solar spectra recorded at that site between 1989 and 2012. The investigation is based on a multi-microwindow approach, two encompassing pairs of absorption lines belonging to the R-branch of the strong ν3 band of CF4 centered at 1283 cm−1, and two additional ones to optimally account for weak but overlapping HNO3 interferences. The analysis reveals a steady accumulation of the very long-lived CF4 above the Jungfraujoch at mean rates of (1.38 ± 0.11) × 1013 molec cm−2 yr−1 from 1989 to 1997, and (0.98 ± 0.02) × 1013 molec cm−2 yr−1 from 1998 to 2012, which correspond to linear growth rates of 1.71 ± 0.14 and 1.04 ± 0.02% yr−1 respectively referenced to 1989 and 1998. Related global CF4 anthropogenic emissions required to sustain these mean increases correspond to 15.8 ± 1.3 and 11.1 ± 0.2 Gg yr−1 over the above specified time intervals. Findings reported here are compared and discussed with respect to relevant northern mid-latitude results obtained remotely from space and balloons as well as in situ at the ground, including new gas chromatography mass spectrometry measurements performed at the Jungfraujoch since 2010.
Biogeochemical variability during the past 3.6 million years recorded by FTIR spectroscopy in the sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic
Authors: Meyer-Jacob C. , Vogel H. , Gebhardt A. C. , Wennrich V. , Melles M. , Rosén P.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. A number of studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) can be applied to quantitatively assess lacustrine sediment constituents. In this study, we developed calibration models based on FTIRS for the quantitative determination of biogenic silica (BSi; n = 420; gradient: 0.9–56.5%), total organic carbon (TOC; n = 309; gradient: 0–2.9%), and total inorganic carbon (TIC; n= 152; gradient: 0–0.4%) in a 318 m-long sediment record with a basal age of 3.6 million years from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic. The developed partial least squares (PLS) regression models yield high cross-validated (CV) R2CV = 0.86–0.91 and low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) (3.1–7.0% of the gradient for the different properties). By applying these models to 6771 samples from the entire sediment record, we obtained detailed insight into bioproductivity variations in Lake El'gygytgyn throughout the middle to late Pliocene and Quaternary. High accumulation rates of BSi indicate a productivity maximum during the middle Pliocene (3.6–3.3 Ma), followed by gradually decreasing rates during the late Pliocene and Quaternary. The average BSi accumulation during the middle Pliocene was ~3 times higher than maximum accumulation rates during the past 1.5 million years. The indicated progressive deterioration of environmental and climatic conditions in the Siberian Arctic starting at ca. 3.3 Ma is consistent with the first occurrence of glacial periods and the finally complete establishment of glacial–interglacial cycles during the Quaternary.