bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of TPX2 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding TPX2, microtubule nucleation factor, TPX2, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. TPX2 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. TPX2 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Differential expression of TOMM34 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34, TOMM34, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. TOMM34 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TOMM34 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. TOMM34 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Differential expression of MMP7 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding matrix metallopeptidase 7, MMP7, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. MMP7 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of MMP7 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer whose tumors are depleted of B cells. MMP7 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Differential expression of TMEM206 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding transmembrane protein 206, TMEM206, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. TMEM206 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TMEM206 in rectal tumors was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with rectal cancer. TMEM206 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Eine Meditation über die Metamorphose des "Lebenswelt" zur "Lebenskrise"
Authors: ohadi haery mohammad
Published: March 2023

Wie verhindert der Bündnis von Vertreter von Wissenschaft und Politik, mit der Erschaffung einer Kluft zwischen Wissenschaft und Denken, die zu der Krise des modernen Menschen geführt hat, nun die Entstehung einer Denkweise der Zukunft?
Differential expression of SLC7A5 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding solute carrier family 7 member 5, SLC7A5, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. SLC7A5 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. SLC7A5 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Sự trở lại của những nhà thông thái đa năng
Authors: Hoàng Vương Quân , Hiệp Phạm
Published: March 2023

Tục ngữ Việt Nam có những câu như “Nhất nghệ tinh, nhất thân vinh” hay “Một nghề thì sống, đống nghề thì chết” để đề cao người biết một nghề và biết rất sâu, tới mức độ thành đạt, vinh quang với nghề.
Experiment ended
Authors: end exp
Published: March 2023

Experiment ended --
Metrics in Action: How Social Media Metrics Shape News Production on Facebook
Authors: Mukerjee Subhayan , Yang Tian , Peng Yilang
Published: March 2023

Social media metrics allow media outlets to get a granular, real-time understanding of audience preferences, and may therefore be used to decide what content to prioritize in the future. We test this mechanism in the context of Facebook, by using topic modelling and longitudinal data analysis on a large dataset comprising all posts published by major media outlets used by Americans (N ~ 2.23M, 2015–2019). We find that while the overall e˙ect of audience engagement on future news coverage is significant, there is substantial heterogeneity in how individual outlets respond to di˙erent kinds of topics. A handful of right-wing media outlets are more likely to respond to audience engagement metrics than other outlets, but with partisan politics topics and not with entertainment-oriented content. Our research sheds new light on how social media platforms have shaped journalistic practices and has implications for the future health of journalism in the United States.
Differential expression of CCDC86 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding coiled-coil domain containing 86, CCDC86, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. CCDC86 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CCDC86 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. CCDC86 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Children with developmental dyslexia have equivalent audiovisual speech perception performance but use different strategies
Authors: Gijbels Liesbeth , Lee Adrian KC , Yeatman Jason D.
Published: March 2023

As reading is inherently a multisensory, audiovisual (AV) process where visual symbols (i.e., letters) are connected to speech sounds, the question has been raised whether individuals with reading difficulties, like children with Developmental Dyslexia (DD), have broader impairments in multisensory processing. This question has been posed before, yet it remains unanswered due to a) the complexity and contentious etiology of DD along with b) lack of consensus on developmentally appropriate AV processing tasks. We created an ecologically valid task for measuring multisensory AV processing by leveraging the natural phenomenon that speech perception improves when listeners are provided visual information from mouth movements (particularly when the auditory signal is degraded). We designed this AV processing task with low cognitive and linguistic demands such that children with and without DD would have equal unimodal (auditory and visual) performance. We then collected data in a group of 135 children (age 6.5-15) with an AV speech perception task to answer the following questions: (1) How do AV speech perception benefits manifest in children, with and without DD? (2) Do children all use the same strategies to create AV speech perception benefits, and (3) what is the role of phonological processing in AV speech perception? We show that children with and without DD have equal AV speech perception benefits on this task, but that children with DD rely less on auditory processing in complex listening situations to create these benefits and weigh both incoming information streams differently. Lastly, any reported differences in speech perception in children with DD might be better explained by differences in phonological processing than differences in reading skills.
Comparison of logistic regression models for choice behavior using AIC weight
Authors: Kamiya Naoki
Published: March 2023

Since choice is no more than the voluntary substitution of one particular response to another, experimental procedures and data on choice behavior are important for analyzing the distribution of behavior. The analysis of choice behavior data in behavior analysis has been performed by three main types of methods. They are logit analysis, probit analysis and complementary log-log analysis. These analyses are often discussed in comparison with the predictions of the generalized matching law (Baum, 1974, 1979). In this study, nine types of data were artificially generated that follow the generalized matching law, and three types of logistic regression analyses (logit, probit, and complementary log-log function model) were performed. A comparison of the results of these analyses with AIC weight revealed that there are appropriate variable transformations depending on the statistical characteristics of the data being analyzed and that a particular transformation model does not always make good predictions.
History repeating: A roadmap to address common problems in psychedelic science
Authors: van Elk Michiel , Fried Eiko I
Published: March 2023

Research in the last decade has expressed considerable optimism about the clinical potential of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders. This optimism is reflected in a considerable increase in research papers, investments by pharmaceutical companies, patents, media coverage, as well as political and legislative changes. However, psychedelic science is facing serious challenges that threaten the validity of core findings and raise doubt regarding clinical efficacy and safety. In this paper, we introduce the 10 most pressing challenges, grouped into easy, moderate, and hard problems. We show how these problems threaten internal validity (treatment effects are due to factors unrelated to the treatment), external validity (lack of generalizability), construct validity (unclear working mechanism) or statistical conclusion validity (conclusions do not follow from the data and methods). These problems tend to co-occur in psychedelic studies, strongly limiting conclusions that can be drawn about the safety and efficacy of psychedelic therapy. We provide a roadmap for tackling these challenges in the next decade of psychedelic science, and share a checklist that researchers, journalists, funders, policy makers, and other stakeholders can use to assess the quality of psychedelic science. Addressing today’s problems is necessary to find out whether the optimism regarding the potential of psychedelics has been warranted and to avoid history repeating itself.
Mental Health and Resilience in the Climate Crisis: A case study of well-being courses targeting college students
Authors: Dobkins Karen R. , Dickenson Janna , Lindsay Debra , Bondi Taylor
Published: March 2023

Our society is facing an unprecedented mental health crisis, with nearly one in two people being affected by mental health issues over their lifespan. This trend is especially noticeable among college students, who undergo significant shifts in social, familial, and academic responsibilities. Exacerbating these mental health issues is the emerging climate crisis. Although college students appear to have a heightened awareness of the climate crisis, such awareness can incite and exacerbate feelings of depression and helplessness, which – in turn – can impede their ability to affect climate change action. In response to these colliding crises of growing mental health and climate-related concerns, we need a comprehensive solution that goes beyond the current models of college mental health services. We propose an alternative preventative mental health approach, which aims to prevent the onset of mental health concerns and build resilience in the face of colliding crises. Specifically, we argue that colleges can aid in building mental health resilience by creating for-credit courses that teach students the skills they need to be conscious, responsible, and flourishing human beings. Toward this end, we created an experiential, workshop-style, 1 unit, P/NP course, entitled “Learning Sustainable Well-being” (LSW), which guides students to explore, improve, and sustain their mental health. The principles taught in this course combine the wisdoms of several disciplines, including mindfulness, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, religion, poetry, and cinema. The following community case study reflects on the journey of our “LSW initiative”, starting from the creation of the course in 2014 to the current mission of scaling up the offering as part of an institution-wide LSW program. To this end, we describe the LSW course modules/content, our pedagogical approach, potential limitations, and then provide data demonstrating its efficacy in improving student well-being. As a final note, we present the challenges we have faced, and the lessons learned, while on this journey. We hope that presenting this community case study will facilitate the growing dialogue across colleges about creating (and perhaps requiring) courses like LSW in order to improve students’ mental health and resilience in the face of the climate crisis.
MDMA, Internal Family Systems therapy, and the Minnesota model in the resolution of C-PTSD-induced alcohol and diazepam addiction—A retrospective case study
Authors: Turkia Mika
Published: March 2023

In February 2023, Australia became the first country in the world to allow psychiatrists to prescribe 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This may have left interested clinicians looking for practical examples of the use of MDMA. In the 1950s and 1960s, psychedelics were successfully utilized in the treatment of alcoholism. This case study, the first of its kind in recent years, illustrates in detail how and why MDMA, combined with Internal Family Systems therapy (IFS), can promote abstinence. The case features a man in his forties with a long history of addiction to alcohol and diazepam. The addiction appeared as an attempt to avoid emotional pain caused by witnessing severe, chronic domestic violence in early childhood perpetrated by an alcoholic stepfather. While alcohol temporarily suppressed complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD)-related anxiety, it also created intolerable shame and a feeling of inadequacy, which in turn resulted in increased use of alcohol. SSRI medications initially helped somewhat but failed to resolve the issues in the long term. C-PTSD presented itself not only as anxiety and depression but also as physical tensions and pains, and their relaxation with various substances caused intense pleasure, leading to addiction. Later, diazepam was prescribed as a substitute for alcohol. While alcohol use was reduced, an addiction to diazepam emerged instead. There appeared to be a lack of understanding about the causal relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the addiction, as well as the severity of the condition. Eventually, after several failed attempts at quitting and a suicidal period, the patient accepted that he needed more intensive external help, enrolled in a 28-day retreat utilizing the Minnesota abstinence model, felt unprecedented safety and acceptance, gained insight about the ACEs as a cause of his alcoholism, and was able to give up alcohol and diazepam, but the abstinence was fragile and stressful to maintain. Regardless, 'the most painful issues' caused by witnessing life-threatening domestic violence remained unresolved. A single session combining MDMA and IFS therapy allowed him to safely re-experience these events in an embodied manner. A later IFS session without MDMA complemented the outcome of resolving his C-PTSD and stabilizing his abstinence. (Initial version: January 5, 2023; https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31521.48480)
Critical Periods and Developmental Neurosimulation
Authors: Alicea Bradly
Published: March 2023

Simulating development has a number of benefits for understanding the acquisition of intelligent behavior. Yet development is not simply a generic form of generativity or emergence. Development is an inherently embodied and interactive process that unfolds in a limited time span. While embodied development provides a basis for grounding intelligent behavior, it also serves as a means to differentiate various behaviors with respect to the origins of phenotypic characteristics. Agentive development requires both morphogenetic and behavioral acquisitions which can be dependent upon one another. On the other hand, development requires innate and invariant features which interact with but are distinct from the environment. We propose a set of models that define critical period acquisition in an embodied developmental context. Critical periods are periods of enhanced acquisition that shape future learning and experience. Leading to contingencies that affect the ability of an agent to integrate environmental information, critical periods also require the acquisition of the phenotype itself. leading to contingencies that affect the ability of an agent to integrate environmental information. This work is presented in light of the Developmental Neurosimulation paradigm, in addition to understanding agentive development from a biologically-inspired perspective.
Resilience and depressive symptoms in inpatients with depression: a cross-lagged panel model
Authors: Meule Adrian , Lieb Klaus , Chmitorz Andrea , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Resilience—the ability to bounce back or quickly recover from stress—has been found to predict treatment outcome in patients with mental disorders such as depression. Yet, there are mixed findings whether resilience itself changes during treatment and whether resilience exclusively predicts changes in depressive symptoms or whether depressive symptoms also predict changes in resilience. Inpatients with depression (N = 2165; average length of stay M = 60 days, SD = 32) completed the Brief Resilience Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale at admission and discharge. Resilience increased and depressive symptoms decreased from admission to discharge. Cross-sectionally, higher resilience related to lower depressive symptoms at admission and discharge. Prospectively, a cross-lagged panel model revealed that higher resilience at admission predicted stronger decreases in depressive symptoms and that higher depressive symptoms at admission predicted smaller increases in resilience. The current study further supports that resilience is not only related to fewer mental health problems cross-sectionally but is also sensitive to change and a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with mental disorders. Given this pivotal role in mental health, the current findings highlight the importance of prevention and intervention approaches for promoting resilience in the general population and in persons with mental disorders in particular.
Object-based encoding constrains storage in visual working memory
Authors: Ngiam William Xiang Quan , Loetscher Krystian , Awh Ed
Published: March 2023

The fundamental unit of visual working memory (WM) has been debated for decades. WM could be object-based, such that capacity is set by the number of individuated objects, or feature-based, such that capacity is determined by the total number of feature values stored. The goal in the present work was to examine whether object- or feature-based models would best explain how multi-feature objects (i.e., color/orientation or color/shape) are encoded into visual WM. If maximum capacity is limited by the number of individuated objects, then above-chance performance should be restricted to the same number of items as in a single feature condition. By contrast, if the capacity is determined by independent storage resources for distinct features – without respect to the objects that contain those features – then successful storage of feature values could be distributed across a larger number of objects than when only a single feature is relevant. We conducted a whole-report task in which subjects reported both features from every item in a six-item array. As in past work, we observed an object-based benefit – substantially more feature values were stored with multi-featured objects compared to single-feature objects. In addition, observers had a strong tendency to report the items in descending order of memory quality, replicating Adam et al. (2017). Finally, the crucial finding was that above-chance reports of multi-feature objects were concentrated within the first three responses, while the final three responses were best modeled as guesses. Thus, whole-report procedures reveal object-based encoding into visual working memory.
Engaging Students with Interactive Education: The Motivational Qualities of Student Response Systems
Authors: David Loukia , Weinstein Netta
Published: March 2023

Educators have incorporated technologies designed to ‘gamify’ or increase the fun and reward in classroom learning. One of them, the student response systems (SRS), is increasingly used, but little is known about how it can best be employed to create positive learning climates. Informed by self-determination theory (SDT), a study - separated into two experiments - investigated the role of SRS as an educational tool and its relationship with academic well-being outcomes that have previously been linked to positive learning environments. Participants (n=30) in a pilot study were randomly assigned to a two-month experiment with two conditions: half used the SRS while the rest were taught the same syllabus with the traditional way. We found that academic well-being increased in the SRS class but stayed stable in the traditional class. Study 1 further investigated the role of SRS as an educational tool and its relationship with support for autonomy, relatedness, and competence needs of SDT and downstream academic well-being outcomes. Students (n=120) participated in five within-subject conditions that compared the motivational climates of teamwork, competition, and choice to anonymous SRS engagement and traditional learning. Results showed that students’ psychological need satisfaction, and in turn their academic well-being was increased when SRS was implemented using supportive motivational climates.
Object geometry serves humans’ intuitive physics of stability
Authors: Liu Yaxin , Ayzenberg Vladislav , Lourenco Stella F.
Published: March 2023

How do humans judge physical stability? A prevalent account emphasizes the mental simulation of physical events implemented by an intuitive physics engine in the mind. Here we test the extent to which the perceptual features of object geometry are sufficient for supporting judgments of falling direction. In all experiments, adults and children judged the falling direction of a tilted object and, across experiments, objects differed in the geometric features (i.e., geometric centroid, object height, base size and/or aspect ratio) relevant to the judgment. Participants’ performance was compared to computational models trained on geometric features, as well as a deep convolutional neural network (ResNet-50), none of which incorporated mental simulation. Adult and child participants’ performance was well fit by models of object geometry, particularly the geometric centroid. ResNet-50 also provided a good account of human performance. Altogether, our findings suggest that object geometry is sufficient for judging the falling direction of tilted objects, independent of mental simulation.
Unpredictable Needs are Associated with Lower Expectations of Repayment
Authors: Guevara Beltran Diego , Mercado Denise , Ayers Jessica Daphne , Van Horn Andrew , alcock Joe , Todd Peter M. , Cronk Lee , Aktipis Athena
Published: March 2023

Sometimes people help one another expecting to be repaid, while at other times people help without an expectation of repayment. What might underlie this difference in expectations of repayment? We investigate this question in a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 915), and find that people are more likely to expect repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable. We then replicate these findings in a new sample of US adults (N = 417), and show that people have higher expectations of repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable because people assign greater responsibility to others for experiencing such predictable needs (e.g., needing money for utilities). This is consistent with previous work based on smaller-scale societies, which shows that the predictability of needs influences expectations of repayment. Our results also add to this previous work by (1) showing that the positive relationship between predictability of needs and expectations of repayment previously found in smaller-scale communities is generalizable to the US population, and (2) showing that attributions of responsibility partially mediate this relationship. This work shows that the predictability of needs and attributions of responsibility for that need are important factors underlying the psychology of helping in times of need.
How convincing are AI-generated moral arguments for climate action?
Authors: Nisbett Nicole , Spaiser Viktoria
Published: March 2023

Mobilizing broad support for climate action is paramount for solving the climate crisis. Research suggests that people can be persuaded to support climate action when presented with certain moral arguments, but which moral arguments are most convincing across the population? With this pilot study, we aim to understand which types of moral arguments based on an extended Moral Foundation Theory are most effective at convincing people to support climate action. Additionally, we explore to what extent Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) models can be employed to generate bespoke moral statements. We find statements appealing to compassion, fairness and good ancestors are the most convincing to participants across the population, including to participants who identify as politically right-leaning, who otherwise respond least to moral arguments. Negative statements appear to be more convincing than positive ones. Statements appealing to other moral foundations can be convincing, but only to specific social groups. GPT-3-generated statements are generally more convincing than human-generated statements, but the language model struggles with creating novel arguments.
Spurious prospective effect of self-efficacy on academic performance: Reanalysis of a meta-analytic cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Bo
Published: March 2023

An earlier meta-analysis found a positive cross-lagged effect of initial self-efficacy on subsequent academic performance while adjusting for initial performance and the authors concluded that their findings reflected the generative or mobilizing power of self-efficacy. However, it is known that such adjusted cross-lagged effects may be due to correlations with residuals and regression to the mean rather than due to true increasing or decreasing effects. In the present reanalysis of the same meta-analytic data as in the challenged study, we found the prospective effect of self-efficacy on subsequent academic performance to be spurious. The present findings agree with earlier suggestions that self-efficacy may be a consequence, but not a cause, of performance.
The cost of social influence: Own-gender and gender-stereotype social learning biases in adolescents and adults
Authors: Cunningham Sheila J , Hutchison Jacqui , Ellis Natalie , Hezelyova Ivana , Wood Lara
Published: March 2023

Pervasive gender gaps in academic subject and career choices are likely to be underpinned by social influences, including gender stereotypes of competence in academic and career domains (e.g., men excel at engineering, women excel at care), and model-based social learning biases (i.e., selective copying of particular individuals). Here, we explore the influence of gender stereotypes on social learning decisions in adolescent and adult males and females. Participants (Exp 1: N=69 adolescents; Exp 2: N=265 adults) were presented with 16 difficult multiple-choice questions from stereotypically feminine (e.g., care) and masculine (e.g., engineering) domains. The answer choices included the correct response and three incorrect responses paired with a male model, a female model, or no model. Participants’ gender stereotype knowledge and endorsement were measured, and adolescents (Exp. 1) listed their academic subject choices. As predicted, there was a bias towards copying answers paired with a model (Exp.1: 74%, Exp. 2: 65% ps <.001). This resulted in less success than would be expected by chance (Exp. 1: 12%, Exp. 2: 16% ps <.001), demonstrating a negative consequence of social information. Adults (Exp 2) showed gender stereotyped social learning biases; they were more likely to copy a male model in masculine questions and a female model in feminine questions (p = .014). However, adolescents (Exp 1) showed no evidence of this stereotype bias; rather, there was a tendency for male adolescents to copy male models regardless of domain (p = .004). This own-gender bias was not apparent in female adolescents. In Exp 1, endorsement of masculine stereotypes was positively associated with selecting more own-gender typical academic subjects at school and copying significantly more male models in the male questions. The current study provides evidence for the first time that decision-making in both adolescence and adulthood is impacted by gender biases.
Compositionality in visual perception
Authors: Hafri Alon , Green E. J. , Firestone Chaz
Published: March 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al.’s wide-ranging defense of LoT argues that vision traffics in abstract, structured representational formats. We agree: Vision, like language, is compositional—just as words compose into phrases, many visual representations contain discrete constituents that combine in systematic ways. Here, we amass evidence extending this proposal, and explore its implications for how vision interfaces with the rest of the mind.
Sub-second timing irregularities in a simple motor task in autism spectrum disorder: preliminary effects of intermittent light stimulation.
Authors: Carmo Joana C. , Filipe Carlos N.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Several authors have now contributed to the neurocognitive understanding of timing. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on the other hand little is known about timing representations and its functioning. In this study we have adapted a simple finger-tapping motor task, with a timing component, as we aim at understanding whether the processing of time is preserved in this population. METHODS: We have tested a group of people on the spectrum of autism without intellectual disabilities and a control sample recruited from the general population, matched for age, gender, schooling and general cognitive abilities on this task with a learning and testing phase. In the testing phase we have added two exploratory conditions where participants were exposed to intermittent light stimulation of 4Hz and 8Hz. RESULTS: Results show that both in the learning and testing phase, besides troubles in the motor component encountered by the people on the spectrum, their timing component performance was also problematic. This reveals to be specially true for time intervals below the 1 second range, whereas performance in longer intervals is clearly preserved. It was also observed that, the exposure to intermittent light stimulation specifically overcomes the difficulties observed in the autistic group, at the timing components at this millisecond time range.CONCLUSION: The observed timing difficulties in this group seem to be restricted to the system responsible for the processing of time intervals in the milliseconds range, which helps accommodating disparate findings in the literature.
Bayesianism and Wishful Thinking are Compatible
Authors: Melnikoff David , Strohminger Nina
Published: March 2023

Bayesian principles show up across many domains of human cognition, but wishful thinking—where beliefs are updated in the direction of desired outcomes rather than what the evidence implies—seems to threaten the universality of Bayesian approaches to the mind. In this paper, we show that Bayesian optimality and wishful thinking are, despite first appearances, compatible. The setting of opposing goals can cause two groups of people with identical prior beliefs to reach opposite conclusions about the same evidence through fully Bayesian calculations. We show that this is possible because, when people set goals, they receive privileged information in the form of affective experiences, and this information systematically supports goal-consistent conclusions. We ground this idea in a formal, Bayesian model in which affective prediction errors drive wishful thinking. We obtain empirical support for our model across five studies.
Violent conflict and hostility towards ethno-religious outgroups in Nigeria
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: March 2023

Although Nigeria has a high incidence of violent conflict and is divided along ethno-religious lines, no study has, to the best of my knowledge, examined the effect of violent conflict on hostility towards ethnic and religious outgroups using representative data for Nigeria, nor the differential effects of violent conflict on outgroup hostility among Nigeria’s Muslim and Christian populations. This study does so. To measure outgroup hostility, I developed an additive indicator by combining the responses to two survey questions probing the respondents’ willingness to have people from other religions and ethnic groups as neighbors. I measured exposure to violent conflict using the total number of conflict incidents within the 30km buffer around the respondents’ dwellings. The instrumental variable regression results showed that among Nigeria’s population, violent conflict has a positive effect on outgroup hostility. A plausible mechanism through which this occurs is that violent conflict erodes trust and makes ethnic and religious fault lines salient, which in turn leads to outgroup hostility. When I broke down the data based on religious affiliation and estimated some models using the Muslim and Christian subsamples of respondents, the analysis showed that violent conflict has a positive effect on outgroup hostility among Christians. These results are robust to alternative operationalizations of outgroup hostility, different buffer sizes, and different estimation techniques. Among Muslims, violent conflict rather had a weak positive effect; however, this result was not robust to alternative operationalizations of outgroup hostility.
Resisting Protestant hegemony: Privileging coverage in religion reporting
Authors: Montalbano Kathryn , Perreault Gregory P
Published: March 2023

The present study explores how religion reporters in the United States (n=20) define religion and privilege religious identities, at times also working to combat dominant hegemonic narratives about some of these religious groups. We find that some religion reporters covered religion in ways that reflect the institutional power of religious traditions, whereas others aimed to combat the hegemonic power structures of dominant religious identities by covering less prominent groups or usurping stereotypical framings of other groups. This paper (1) provides a window into the evolving landscape of religious news in the United States, tracing how many of these journalists aim or at least recognize the need to overcome White, Protestant hegemonic lenses for understanding religion in the United States through their reporting, and (2) demonstrates how religion reporters’ approaches to covering religion, even while drawing from secular principles and values of journalism, are a byproduct of religion itself.
Coronavirus and Journalism: A Meta-analysis of Early Research on Journalism in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Perreault Gregory P , Hackett Ella , Handler Alexis
Published: March 2023

This study conducts a meta-analysis of journalism studies research of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an analysis of research published during the early stages of the pandemic (n=21) in Tier 1 and Tier 2 Communication journals, the study synthesizes extant findings to reflect the role of the pandemic on journalists financially, emotionally, and practically, the role of the pandemic on journalistic audiences and finally, the central mediating role of social media during the pandemic. Through the lens of field theory, these findings reflect both the adaptable nature of the journalistic field--adaptability that allows journalism to be, at times, unstable but also allow for resourceful adaptation in the face of tragedy.
When Emotions Work: A Single-Case Analysis of De-escalation
Authors: Sorge David C.
Published: March 2023

The central question confronting all proponents of non- violence remains whether it is possible to curb violence non-violently. The study of naturally-occurring cases of de-escalation is an essential part of answering this question. In this paper, I analyze an interaction that took place in Atlanta in August 2013. A gunman entered a school, threatening to kill everyone there, but after a 30 minute conversation with the school’s bookkeeper, laid down his weapons and submitted to arrest. Using audio and video recordings, court documents, and a participant’s memoir to reconstruct the interaction, I argue that the central turning point of the event arose as a result of two emotional processes, one resulting in enhanced emotional and interpretive resources for the bookkeeper, the other resulting in exhaustion and despair on the part of the gunman. The bookkeeper was able to use the opening provided by these emotional processes to help the gunman engage in productive deliberation about alternative outcomes, identity repair, and a process of ‘doing being normal’ leading to the gunman’s peaceful surrender. Methodologically, this study is one of the first to empirically integrate analyses of internal and external conversation.
Threat and Enhancement: Strength of Gamer Identity Moderates Affective Response to Messages about Gaming
Authors: Lynch Teresa , Erxleben Matthew R. , Perreault Gregory P
Published: March 2023

Advancing hypotheses derived from social identity theory, we investigated the influence of gamer identity affiliation on affective responses to identity threats and enhancements. Participants viewed a message that either devalued (i.e., threatened) or elevated (i.e., enhanced) the status of gamers when associating them with a mass shooting event. Relative to a control condition that neither threatened nor enhanced identity, our data demonstrated that gamer identity affiliation moderated affect. Specifically, greater gamer affiliation increased negative affect experienced after a threatening message. By contrast, greater gamer affiliation increased positive affect and reduced negative affect experienced after an enhancement message. Analyses of participants’ emotional reactions to the messages revealed that individuals with stronger gamer identity affiliation reported relatively more homogeneous emotions relative to individuals less affiliated with gamer identity. We discuss these response patterns with respect to how emotions may shape intergroup interaction in online communication.
Socialists as "Other": The Political Utility of Polysemous "Anti-Americans"
Authors: Perry Samuel , Whitehead Andrew L , Grubbs Joshua B.
Published: March 2023

Identifying “others” to revile as the “anti-nation” has been essential to mobilizing reactionary movements throughout American history. Though sociologists have focused attention on communists, Blacks, immigrants, atheists, Muslims, and LGBTQ persons as groups especially targeted for fear-mongering, we examine “socialists” as the superlative contemporary “anti-Americans.” Current polls and original survey data show Americans express greater political and cultural prejudice toward socialists than other cultural outsiders. Americans also express colder feelings toward socialists in general and as potential marriage partners compared to other political or ideological groups. Examining core drivers of Americans’ aversion, neoliberal economic ideology is the strongest predictor of antipathy toward socialists. However, anti-socialist views are also racialized, driven by white political conservatism, white Christian nationalism, and belief in imminent discrimination against whites and Christians while perceiving Blacks as protected. As with the polysemic slur “communist” in decades past, we propose Americans’ distrust and antipathy toward “socialists” stems from the term representing multiple overlapping categories of “anti-American,” including economic collectivism and degradation, cultural atheism, and overturning ethno-cultural and racial hierarchies. The term “socialist” thus represents an increasingly strategic slur for the right, evoking perceptions of threat across multiple domains while avoiding charges of explicit racial or religious bigotry.
It Takes a Village: Economic Decay, Rootedness, and Voting
Authors: Ciccolini Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Peripheral regions facing economic decline are key to the success of the far right. Ethnographic evidence – primarily from the American context – suggests that this might be the product of a stronger presence of place-based community rootedness, meaning a particular combination of social capital and place attachment. Yet research based on quantitative data or which considers the European context is much scarcer. To address this shortcoming, I investigate whether rootedness amplifies the impact of economic decline resulting from international trade competition on far-right electoral success in the 2018 Italian election. To do so, I create a composite indicator of rootedness, after conducting a factor analysis and leveraging a variety of data sources including census and phone directory data. I find that economic decline benefits the far right in municipalities featuring fairly high rootedness levels, while localities with below-average levels are immune to this dynamic. This does not extend to other populist parties. Interestingly, the far right also mobilizes voters that, in the absence of rootedness, would have otherwise acquiesced to economic decay. This study advances scholarly understanding of the relevance of place to cultural cleavage. It also calls for reflection on the social and political responses to regional economic divergence.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ДОПОМІЖНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ТРЕНУВАННЯ В ЛЕГКІЙ АТЛЕТИЦІ
Authors: Адамчук Вадим , Кульчицька Ірина , Овчарук Василь , Овчарук Віра
Published: March 2023

High competition in athletics in theinternational sports arena stimulated theconduct of fundamental works, which addresscurrent issues of modern sport and theintroduction of various achievements ofscientific and technological progress in thetraining of athletes. But, despite the significantamount of research on the development oftheoretical and methodological foundations forthe training of athletes with the use of aids, theproblem remains largely unresolved. Thepurpose. Rationally integrate aids to optimizeand stimulate the recovery process afterexercise through targeted effects on therespiratory system, adaptation processes andspine functions in athletes involved inathletics. Material and research methods.The study was conducted on the basis of theVinnytsia Youth Sports School №1 and theVinnytsia Athletics School during thepreparatory period of 2022. The followingresearch methods were used: analysis,generalization of scientific-methodical andspecial literature, pedagogical experiment.Results. The reviewed scientific publicationsreveal sufficient arguments for thedifferentiated use of EMC, DENS and dosedtraction of the spine in the training process.After conducting a pedagogical experiment,we determined the feasibility of using athleteswho specialize in athletics training aids,depending on the period of the annual cycleand the specific tasks of the training process.Conclusions. The analysis of scientificmethodicaland special literature allowed tostudy the aspects of the use of training aids in athletics and their direct or indirect impact onimproving the skills of athletes and thedevelopment of physical and functionalfitness.
ХАРАКТЕРНІ ПОМИЛКИ, ЩО ДОПУСКАЮТЬ ЮНІ СПОРТСМЕНИ, ЯКІ СПЕЦІАЛІЗУЮТЬСЯ В РУКОПАШНОМУ БОЮ, ПРИ ОСВОЄННІ УДАРІВ НОГАМИ
Authors: Вако Ілля
Published: March 2023

Relevance of the research topic. Today,according to many experts, one of thepromising areas for solving the problem ofimproving the efficiency of the training systemof athletes is the formation and improvementof motor techniques, which is an important andintegral component of a holistic system ofsports training, as technique is one of thedecisive factors in motor potential. athlete. Thepurpose of the article is to identify thecharacteristic mistakes made by young athleteswho specialize in hand-to-hand combat in thedevelopment of kicks. Material and researchmethods. The expert assessment wasconducted with the participation of 20 experts(trainers with more than 5 years of experience).To achieve this goal, we used the analysis ofscientific and methodological literature anddocumentary materials, qualimetry - themethod of expert evaluations. Results of work.According to the expert assessment, youngathletes most often make typical mistakeswhen mastering a direct left kick from the leftpost: "the athlete does not tolerate a bent hip inthe knee, and a straight leg" and second rankplaces). The least common mistakes whenperforming this technique are: "the weight ofthe athlete's body on the kicking leg, not on thesupport", "when hitting the athlete is at fullfoot" third and fourth place. Conclusions.Existing approaches to teaching the basictechnique of motor actions of young athleteswho specialize in hand-to-hand combat,require clarifications, additions, detailedtheoretical and methodological analysis,generalization of best practices of coaches,special research aimed at developing thecontent of the material. tactical actions ofathletes.