bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wissenstransfer in disziplinärer und transdisziplinärer Forschung zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt am Beispiel der Transferwerkstatt „Wissen-schafft-Politik“
Authors: Nuske Jessica , Bleses Peter , Warsewa Günter
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit disziplinären und transdisziplinären Forschungslogiken und damit, wie diese sich in der Soziologie zueinander verhalten, was das für das Verständnis und die Praxis des Wissenstransfers bedeutet und welche Folgen wiederum für die soziologische Forschung zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt daraus resultieren. Der Beitrag geht dabei wie folgt vor: (1) Zum einen wird eine theoretisch-analytische Reflexion darüber vorgenommen, welche Rolle die Soziologie als Disziplin für gesellschaftliche Problembearbeitung – sowie die damit verbundenen Relevanz- und Nützlichkeitsforderungen – einnehmen kann beziehungsweise soll. Zu diesem Zweck werden wissenschaftssoziologische beziehungsweise transferwissenschaftliche Perspektiven dargelegt. (2) Darauf aufbauend werden disziplinäre und transdisziplinäre Forschungslogiken gegenübergestellt, um (3) anschließend am empirischen Beispiel der Transferwerkstatt »Wissen-schafft-Politik« erkenntnisorientiert zu skizzieren, was transdisziplinäre Forschung kennzeichnet. Die Schlussfolgerungen werden abschließend zusammengeführt, um (4) Synergien zwischen disziplinärer und transdisziplinärer Forschung und den daraus resultierenden Implikationen für die Forschung zum gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt herauszuarbeiten.
Transfer als wissenschaftliche Leistungsdimension und Element strategischer Hochschulentwicklung
Authors: Kessler Marte Sybil , Lehmann-Brauns Cornels
Published: April 2024

Von Wissenschaftseinrichtungen wird zunehmend gefordert, dass sie unmittelbar sicht- und messbare Beiträge zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und gesellschaftlichen Transformation leisten. Durch Aktivitäten im Wissens- und Technologietransfer sollen sie die Entwicklung von Innovationen und die Gründung von Unternehmen fördern. Darüber hinaus sollen sie zur Bewältigung „großer gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen“ beitragen und einen „Transfer in die Gesellschaft“ erbringen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sich die zunehmende Bedeutung von Transfer aus verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren und Entwicklungen speist. Hierzu gehören volkswirtschaftliche Motive, die Einführung eines neuen Steuerungsmodells an Hochschulen sowie die hohe Komplexität gegenwärtiger gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen. Die gezielte Orientierung an gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen kann zudem als Ausdruck eines grundlegenden Wandels im Rollenverständnis von Hochschulen und der Erwartungen an das Wissenschaftssystem als Ganzes verstanden werden. Der Beitrag fokussiert auf Transfer als Element strategischer Hochschulentwicklung und zeigt damit einhergehende Ansatzpunkte und Herausforderungen. Diese reichen von der Formulierung einer einrichtungsspezifischen Transferstrategie über die Gestaltung transferunterstützender Prozesse und Strukturen bis hin zur Frage, wie eine indikatorengestützte Erfolgs- und Leistungsmessung im Transfer erfolgreich umgesetzt werden kann.
Engagement und Distanzierung – Forschungsbasierter Wissenstransfer in der anwendungsorientierten Grundlagenforschung
Authors: Backhaus-Maul Holger , Nuske Jessica
Published: April 2024

Diskussionen über den forschungsbasierten Wissenstransfer fußen auf der grundlegenden Frage nach dem Selbstverständnis und der Rolle von Sozialwissenschaften in der Gesellschaft. Im vorliegenden Interview spricht Berthold Vogel mit den Herausgeber:innen Jessica Nuske und Holger Backhaus-Maul über den Wissenstransfer einer anwendungsorientierten Grundlagenforschung. Im Fokus stehen dabei die unterschiedlichen Erwartungshaltungen von Wissenschaft und Praxis, von Engagement und wissenschaftlicher Distanz im Forschungs- und Handlungsfeld sowie den Perspektiven eines forschungsbasierten Wissenstransfers.
Researching Weltbeziehung
Authors: Hollstein Bettina , Rosa Hartmut , Rüpke Jörg
Published: April 2024

The research programme related to Weltbeziehung aiming inter alia to understand the role of material, ideal, social, and cultural conditions for successful coexistence in plural societies, the creation of common languages for the narrative development of cultural heritage, und the understanding of essential value complexes and concepts in modernity, is the starting point for this volume. The German concept Weltbeziehung is used to point to the connectedness of self and world and the concept of self resulting from such relationships. “Resonance” can be used as a specific analytical concept which describes a particular form of relationship between subject and the “world”. This concept permits new insights in different disciplines and can be made fruitful in different areas of application, we present in this volume.
Relationship to the Good
Authors: Beier Kathi , Mieth Dietmar
Published: April 2024

Virtues are necessary to successful Weltbeziehungen since they bring the virtuous person into a stable relation with the good and the right. The chapter explains why this is so. First, the concepts of world, relation, and virtue are analysed. Second, it is shown in general terms how and by what means virtues contribute to good self- and world relations (Weltbeziehungen). Third, the general claim is illustrated by reference to three individual virtues: Prudence combines true thinking with good action; it enables us to find the right answer to the question of how to realise the good here and now through our own actions. Charity ensures that we want and do what is good for the other person; it works interpersonally as well as between God and humans. Serenity is the basic attitude of proper self-distance and trustful surrender to God.
The Transformation of the Refugee Category and the Dialectics of Solidarity in Europe
Authors: Alhachem Nancy
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I sketch the formation and transformation of the ‘refugee’ category in legal and historical discourses, as well as the necessity of a new view on migration in all its different groupings. For expressing solidarity in terms of a resonant “Weltbeziehung” (Rosa 2018; 2019), we can say that a 'healthy' Weltbeziehung is one in which the relevant political and legal measures take into account the reality of migration. Where the line between forced and voluntary movement is not always clear. And therefore, the persistence of solidarity beyond euphoric Willkomensmomentum is conditioned by this transformation of Weltbeziehung. Hence, this contribution addresses how the modern refugee regime is still based on unequal sovereignties and egocentric politics. Pleading hereafter, for a solidarity that transcends national interests, and the double standard view on movement.
Timolol in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds: a comprehensive review
Authors: Cornwell David , Goldstein Zachary , Chrea Bopha , McLafferty Robert
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The aims of this study were to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of the off-label use of topical timolol as an adjunct treatment for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. Furthermore, to review and analyse the existing literature regarding the use of topical timolol on wounds of varying aetiologies.

Method:

A systematic review of literature in the English language published between May 1961–May 2021 on the application of topical timolol for hard-to-heal wounds in adults was performed. Each research study was evaluated by two reviewers independently. Studies eligible for inclusion in the review were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, observational studies of at least 4 weeks' duration, case series and case studies. Search strategies were performed according to PRISMA guidelines and included MeSH terms and keyword searches.

Results:

An initial 878 articles were identified from a search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and SCOPUS. Of these, 699 were reviewed for eligibility, 19 were read in full-text, and 12 were selected for inclusion in the review. In total, two RCTs and 10 observational studies, including five case studies, were analysed. All studies demonstrated efficacy and safety of topical timolol; however, statistical analysis remained limited by lack of blinding and small sample sizes.

Conclusion:

This review concludes with all currently available evidence that topical timolol may be considered as an effective and safe adjunct treatment for refractory wounds, primarily venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Given the overall safety, low cost and ease of application of topical timolol, this review provides evidence in favour of off-label use and should prompt further, more rigorous studies.
Hospital-acquired pressure injury: our seven years of experience
Authors: Oztas Pinar , Demirci Emine Karabulut , Aksakal F Nur Baran , Yildiz Mucahit
Published: April 2024

Objective:

A pressure injury (PI) happens on the skin and in deeper tissues. Generally, it occurs due to prolonged compression over bony structures. A PI, when occurring during a hospital stay, is regarded as a hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI), and is considered as a marker for patient care quality. It might cause medical, legal or economic problems, and could be a burden on health systems. In this study we evaluate the factors contributing to HAPI formation.

Method:

Between June 2014–June 2021, we retrospectively investigated the files of patients who were hospitalised with different medical conditions in Bayindir Sögütözü Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, for patients' age, sex, Waterlow scale score, mobilisation status, application of zinc-containing and/or barrier creams (ZnBC), airbed usage, hospitalisation period, and the day of wound opening.

Results:

The study cohort comprised 2327 hospitalised patients: 303 (13%) developed Stage 2 and deeper PIs; 2024 patients were hospitalised and discharged without wound opening. We found an increased risk in male patients and a lack of efficacy of ZnBC in protection from HAPI in our study population. However, we observed that ZnBC helped to delay wound opening and that the most protective treatment was the use of airbeds.

Conclusion:

Health professionals should be more aware of HAPI formation with prolonged hospitalisation periods. Only the use of an airbed for a patient hospitalised for a long period appears to be protective against PI formation. On the other hand, use of ZnBC delays wound opening. However, further research is needed to demonstrate the protective effect of ZnBC, due to the lack of randomisation in our study and the lack of some nursing records.
Mild aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL)-type reactions also present in patients with failed knee prostheses
Authors: Rajamäki Anni , Lehtovirta Lari , Niemeläinen Mika , Reito Aleksi , Parkkinen Jyrki , Peräniemi Sirpa , Vepsäläinen Jouko , Eskelinen Antti
Published: April 2024

Aims

Metal particles detached from metal-on-metal hip prostheses (MoM-THA) have been shown to cause inflammation and destruction of tissues. To further explore this, we investigated the histopathology (aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL) score) and metal concentrations of the periprosthetic tissues obtained from patients who underwent revision knee arthroplasty. We also aimed to investigate whether accumulated metal debris was associated with ALVAL-type reactions in the synovium.

Methods

Periprosthetic metal concentrations in the synovia and histopathological samples were analyzed from 230 patients from our institution from October 2016 to December 2019. An ordinal regression model was calculated to investigate the effect of the accumulated metals on the histopathological reaction of the synovia.

Results

Median metal concentrations were as follows: cobalt: 0.69 μg/g (interquartile range (IQR) 0.10 to 6.10); chromium: 1.1 μg/g (IQR 0.27 to 4.10); and titanium: 1.6 μg/g (IQR 0.90 to 4.07). Moderate ALVAL scores were found in 30% (n = 39) of the revised knees. There were ten patients with an ALVAL score of 6 or more who were revised for suspected periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), aseptic loosening, or osteolysis. R2 varied between 0.269 and 0.369 for the ordinal regression models. The most important variables were model type, indication for revision, and cobalt and chromium in the ordinal regression models.

Conclusion

We found that metal particles released from the knee prosthesis can accumulate in the periprosthetic tissues. Several patients revised for suspected culture-negative PJI had features of an ALVAL reaction, which is a novel finding. Therefore, ALVAL-type reactions can also be found around knee prostheses, but they are mostly mild and less common than those found around metal-on-metal prostheses.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(4):149–156.
Bronze Art, Cultural Norms, and Group Identity: A Group of Late Western Zhou and Early Spring and Autumn He Vessels Analyzed in Their Temporal and Spatial Contexts
Authors: Hua Xia , Shelach-Lavi Gideon
Published: April 2024

abstract: A new generation of scholars has called into question the homogeneous nature of Western Zhou culture and the sweeping imposition of this culture over a large region that covers much of present-day China. Our study contributes to this debate by focusing on a coherent group of bronze vessels dated to the end of the Western Zhou and beginning of the Spring and Autumn periods. He (盉) vessels with drum-shaped bodies, bird-like lids, and human-like legs are among the most unique and artistically innovative artifacts of this period. While these unique artifacts have been found in and near the center of the Western Zhou polity, they are not associated with the rituals of the royal house, but rather with those of other aristocratic lineages. We argue that the artistic style of the vessels was part of the culture developed around the royal Zhou house and in areas close to it, although it is not strictly representative of the royal culture of the Western Zhou, being instead associated with minor lineages. A multi-dimensional analysis of this group of vessels, addressing their geographical distribution, location within their archaeological context, and social associations, combined with an analysis of their decorative scheme and the inscriptions cast inside them, enables us to better understand the sociocultural landscape of this period. Our study suggests that diversity existed not only in remote border areas or among the lower strata of society, but also within the cultural core of the Western Zhou polity and among the highest echelons of the aristocracy. Such processes of diversification are associated with the development of local and regional identities and with the growth of the political independence of aristocratic lineages during the final years of the transition from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn periods.
El costumbrismo como ensayo de conocimiento social: Francisco Javier Ortego y la vida cotidiana de la ciudad decimonónica
Authors: Gómez-Pellón Eloy
Published: April 2024

Resumen: Entre 1830 y 1870, en los años áureos del costumbrismo en España, la ciudad se convertirá en un espacio discursivo en el cual los literatos y los artistas diseccionan la realidad social con sorprendente profundidad. El objetivo de este texto será doble, y consistirá, por un lado, en elucidar el valor del costumbrismo como ensayo de conocimiento social sustanciado en un innovador uso de la observación, y, por otro lado, en examinar la valiosa aportación del costumbrismo al análisis de la vida cotidiana en la ciudad decimonónica. A efectos metodológicos, se ha tomado como referencia la obra de Francisco Javier Ortego, recogida en las más relevantes publicaciones periódicas de la época, la cual revela una magistral exploración de la vida cotidiana de Madrid a mediados del siglo XIX. Este artículo muestra que el costumbrismo constituye un ensayo de análisis de las representaciones colectivas, que compartirá intereses con las nacientes ciencias sociales. Abstract: Between 1830 and 1870, in the golden years of costumbrismo in Spain, the city became a discursive space in which literati and artists dissected social reality with surprising depth. The objective of this essay is twofold: on the one hand, to elucidate the value of costumbrismo as a test of social knowledge substantiated through an innovative use of observation; and, on the other, to examine the valuable contribution of costumbrismo to the analysis of everyday life in the nineteenth-century city. For methodological purposes, the work of Francisco Javier Ortego, gathered in the most relevant periodicals of the time, has been taken as a reference. His work reveals a masterful exploration of the daily life of Madrid in the mid-nineteenth century. This article shows that costumbrismo constitutes an analysis of collective representations, which share interests with the emerging social sciences.
A Tree of Lies: Approaches to Mendacity in Part One of the Conde Lucanor ( Exemplo 26 and Other Tales)
Authors: Giles Ryan D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article first considers precedents and contexts for understanding tale 26 in Juan Manuel's Conde Lucanor , "De lo que contesçió al árvol de la mentira," including one that has gone unnoticed by critics: the figure of a tree of lies in John of Capua's thirteenth-century Directorium humanae vitae . It then shows how Patronio's general view of mendacity in Part One of the collection, as exemplified by tale 26, can be compared to the account of and prohibition against lying found in works by Augustine that informed Thomas Aquinas's treatment of mendacity in the Summa Theologica . I go on to demonstrate how a number of other tales in the Conde Lucanor advocate an alternative, more permissible approach to telling untruths that was to some extent anticipated in writings of the early Church, and that corresponds with politicized, utilitarian views emerging later in the Middle Ages, as seen in John of Salisbury's Policratus .
A Learning Organization in Action: Applying Senge’s Five Disciplines to a Collections Diversity Audit
Authors: Springmier Kaitlin , Fonseca Catherine , Krier Laura , Premo Rita , Smith Hilary , Wegmann Mary
Published: April 2024

abstract: For more than 30 years, Peter Senge’s theory of learning organizations has influenced the study of leadership and organizations. Researchers have studied various components of his framework: team cognition and mental models, team learning, shared vision, systems thinking, and personal mastery. But few articles have explored what it looks like in practice when the five disciplines of the learning organization are enacted in an organization. This article explores the ways in which these disciplines influenced the implementation and outcomes of a collection diversity audit at Sonoma State University Library. The authors discuss the ways that Senge’s learning organization framework enabled them to create a sustainable model for evaluating diversity in selection and acquisition practices.
Race, revival and revolution: defining the Irish Celt
Authors: Brinkman-Schwartz Caitlyn
Published: April 2024

This article considers how the idea of the ‘Celt’ came into being and how the term was leveraged both in service of racism and as a tool for constructing ethnic and political identities. ‘Celt’ is a broad category and this paper focuses specifically on Ireland. Definitions of Celticity came from both within and outside Irish culture and had a diversity of aims. This paper provides a necessary overview of the history of this broad and kaleidoscopic term. It will equip scholars with a better understanding of its use throughout history, particularly in the early twentieth century. After outlining the development of the ‘Celt’ as a racial and cultural category, the paper considers the meaning of Celticity as Ireland approached independence, with particular attention to the revolutionary era, c. 1913–23. The article examines the interplay between Anglo-Irish and revolutionary understandings of the ‘Celt’, and how the idea of a Celtic race was deployed selectively in diverse political and cultural contexts in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In some contexts, the word emphasised solidarity with global independence movements and anti-racist struggles, whilst in others it bolstered the logic of white supremacy. Rather than focusing solely on new engagements with primary texts, one of the aims of this article is to synthesise existing research into a broader narrative of ever-changing classifications and identities. Examining the meanings and uses of this kaleidoscopic term enhances our understanding of Irish identity in a period of political transition.
Trehalose and its dihydrate: terahertz insights from solid to solution states
Authors: Zhang Boyan , Hou Zeyu , Yan Bingxin , Zhao Yuhan , Peng Bo , Qian Siyu , Li Kai , Su Bo , Zhang Cunlin
Published: April 2024

Carbohydrates are pivotal biomolecules in biochemistry; this study employs terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to investigate the spectral characteristics of trehalose and its hydrate across the 0.1 to 2.2 THz frequency range. Notable differences in spectra between the two compounds were observed. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations of the crystal structure were conducted to elucidate this phenomenon. The consistency between experimental results and simulations substantiates the reliability of the experimental findings. Additionally, the spectral characteristics of these carbohydrates in solution were examined using microfluidic chip technology. This approach facilitates a comprehensive comparison of their behaviors in both solid and solution states.
A novel biomarker selection method using multimodal neuroimaging data
Authors: Wang Yue , Yen Pei-Shan , Ajilore Olusola A. , Bhaumik Dulal K.
Published: April 2024

Identifying biomarkers is essential to obtain the optimal therapeutic benefit while treating patients with late-life depression (LLD). We compare LLD patients with healthy controls (HC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging data to identify neuroimaging biomarkers that may be potentially associated with the underlying pathophysiology of LLD. We implement a Bayesian multimodal local false discovery rate approach for functional connectivity, borrowing strength from structural connectivity to identify disrupted functional connectivity of LLD compared to HC. In the Bayesian framework, we develop an algorithm to control the overall false discovery rate of our findings. We compare our findings with the literature and show that our approach can better detect some regions never discovered before for LLD patients. The Hub of our discovery related to various neurobehavioral disorders can be used to develop behavioral interventions to treat LLD patients who do not respond to antidepressants.
Predictive models for short-term load forecasting in the UK’s electrical grid
Authors: Sha’aban Yusuf A.
Published: April 2024

There are global efforts to deploy Electric Vehicles (EVs) because of the role they promise to play in energy transition. These efforts underscore the e-mobility paradigm, representing an interplay between renewable energy resources, smart technologies, and networked transportation. However, there are concerns that these initiatives could burden the electricity grid due to increased demand. Hence, the need for accurate short-term load forecasting is pivotal for the efficient planning, operation, and control of the grid and associated power systems. This study presents robust models for forecasting half-hourly and hourly loads in the UK’s power system. The work leverages machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to develop robust prediction models using the net imports dataset from 2010 to 2020. The models were evaluated based on metrics like Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Prediction Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), and the Correlation of Determination (R2). For half-hourly forecasts, SVR performed best with an R-value of 99.85%, followed closely by GPR and ANN. But, for hourly forecasts, ANN led with an R-value of 99.71%. The findings affirm the reliability and precision of machine learning methods in short-term load forecasting, particularly highlighting the superior accuracy of the SVR model for half-hourly forecasts and the ANN model for hourly forecasts.
Influencing factors and countermeasures on intelligent transformation and upgrading of logistics firms: A case study in China
Authors: Fan Sixia
Published: April 2024

This study explores the influencing factors on intelligent transformation and upgrading of China’s logistics firms under smart logistics, and designs the corresponding framework to guide the practice of firms. By analyzing the characteristics of smart logistics and the transformation and upgrading needs of traditional logistics, from the micro perspective of logistics firms, this paper constructs influencing factor index system of smart transformation and development from four dimensions: logistics technology innovation, logistics big data sharing, logistics management upgrading and logistics decision-making transformation. Logistics firms are divided into firms with medium scale and above and small and medium-sized firms according to their scale. Then EWIF-AHP model is proposed to measure the weight of index system and score the decision-making, so as to evaluate the impact of various influencing factors on transformation and development of logistics firms. The results show that, for logistics firms above medium scale, logistics technology innovation and logistics big data sharing have the most significant impact on transformation and development, followed by logistics management upgrading and logistics decision-making transformation. For small and medium-sized logistics firms, the biggest factor is the upgrading of logistics management, followed by the upgrading of logistics technology, which is almost as important as the influencing factors of the upgrading of logistics management, and followed by the sharing of logistics big data and the transformation of logistics decision-making. Therefore, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for intelligent transformation of logistics firms have been put forward.
Research on potential disruptive technology identification based on technology network
Authors: Ding Mingli , Yu Wangke , Li Ran , Wang Zhenzhen , Li Jianing
Published: April 2024

Three evident and meaningful characteristics of disruptive technology are the zeroing effect that causes sustaining technology useless for its remarkable and unprecedented progress, reshaping the landscape of technology and economy, and leading the future mainstream of technology system, all of which have profound impacts and positive influences. The identification of disruptive technology is a universally difficult task. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance the technical relevance of potential disruptive technology identification results and improve the granularity and effectiveness of potential disruptive technology identification topics. According to the life cycle theory, dividing the time stage, then constructing and analyzing the dynamic of technology networks to identify potential disruptive technology. Thereby, using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model further to clarify the topic content of potential disruptive technologies. This paper takes the large civil unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. The results show that the potential disruptive technology in this field is the data acquisition, main equipment, and ground platform intelligence.
Neutralizing antibody responses to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with Ad5-nCoV (CanSino) in the Mexican population
Authors: Hernández-Bello Jorge , Lorenzo-Leal Ana C. , Muñoz-Valle José F. , Morales-Núñez José J. , Díaz-Pérez Saul A. , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Bach Horacio
Published: April 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine was applied to the Mexican population before the WHO approved it. In a transversal study, we compare the CanSino vaccine efficacy and a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Guadalajara, Mexico. Participants between 30–60 years were included in the study and classified into three groups: 1) Natural immunity (unvaccinated), 2) Vaccine-induced immunity (vaccinated individuals without a COVID-19 history), and 3) Natural immunity + vaccine-induced immunity. These groups were matched by age and gender. We assessed the ability of individuals’ serum to neutralize the Delta variant and compared the results of the different groups using a neutralization test followed by plaque-forming units. Results showed that 39% of individuals’ serum with a history of COVID-19 (natural immunity, Group 1) could not neutralize the Delta variant, compared to 33% in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 (vaccine immunity, Group 2). In contrast, only 7% of vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 (natural + vaccine immunities) could not neutralize the Delta variant. We concluded that the effectiveness of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant is comparable to that of natural infection (61% vs. 67%). However, in individuals with both forms of immunity (Group 3), it increased to 93%. Based on these results, despite the Ad5-nCoV vaccine originally being designed as a single-dose regimen, it could be recommended that even those who have recovered from COVID-19 should consider vaccination to boost their immunity against this variant.
Cooperative Distributed Uplink Cache over B5G small cell networks
Authors: Ur Rehman Waheed , Sufyan Mubarak Mohammed Al-Ezzi , Salam Tabinda , Al-Salehi AbdulRahman , Ali Qazi Ejaz , Malik Abdul Haseeb
Published: April 2024

The emergence of content-centric network has resulted in a substantial increase in data transmission in both uplink and downlink directions. To tackle the ensuing challenges of network congestion and bottlenecks in backhaul links within Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) networks, data caching has emerged as a popular solution. However, caching for uplink transmission in a distributed B5G scenario poses several challenges, including duplicate content matching and users’ obliviousness about cached contents. Furthermore, it is important to maximize available space by caching the most popular contents in a distributed manner. In this paper, we propose two schemes for uplink transmission in distributed B5G SCNs. The first scheme focuses on content matching to eliminate duplicate contents among distributed caches, while the second scheme redistributes un-duplicated cached contents among distributed caches based on their available space and content’s size. These approaches aim to enhance energy and spectral efficiency by reducing unnecessary uploads and optimizing distributed content caching, in addition to improve the content delivery. The analysis shows that the proposed schemes outperform the existing schemes by improving the cache hit ratio, cache hit probability, overall distributed cache efficiency, and diversity by 29.17%, 74.89%, 24.17%, and, 80%, respectively. Furthermore, the average throughput, Spectrum Efficiency (SE), and Energy Efficiency (EE) of the access network is improved by 17.78%, 18%, and 78%, respectively. Besides that, the EE and SE of both the sidehaul and backhaul links of the SBSs are also improved.
A social image recommendation system based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Ahmadkhani Somaye , Moghaddam Mohsen Ebrahimi
Published: April 2024

Today, due to the expansion of the Internet and social networks, people are faced with a vast amount of dynamic information. To mitigate the issue of information overload, recommender systems have become pivotal by analyzing users’ activity histories to discern their interests and preferences. However, most available social image recommender systems utilize a static strategy, meaning they do not adapt to changes in user preferences. To overcome this challenge, our paper introduces a dynamic image recommender system that leverages a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework, enriched with a novel set of features including emotion, style, and personality. These features, uncommon in existing systems, are instrumental in crafting a user’s characteristic vector, offering a personalized recommendation experience. Additionally, we overcome the challenge of state representation definition in reinforcement learning by introducing a new state representation. The experimental results show that our proposed method, compared to some related works, significantly improves Recall@k and Precision@k by approximately 7%–10% (for the top 100 images recommended) for personalized image recommendation.
Reciprocity in ambiguous situations: Default psychological strategies underlying ambiguity resolution in moral decision-making
Authors: Galvan Elijah , Sanfey Alan
Published: April 2024

When deciding whether to reciprocate trust, people are typically strongly influenced by how much trust their interaction partner has originally shown them. If a partner has placed a lot of trust in you, there is a strong motivation to reciprocate, and indeed this factor often outweighs pro-self considerations to maximize one’s own financial payout. However, one important unanswered question in this regard is what people decide to do when this prior information is ambiguous; that is, when they do not know for sure exactly how trusting their partner has been. How then do people decide to reciprocate? This study utilizes a novel version of the Trust Game to directly address this question. Here, we develop, and validate, a computational model-based approach to quantify and categorize how participants assessed the trustworthiness of an unfamiliar partner when making reciprocity decisions. We find that participants spontaneously use their prior experience about the trustingness of game partners in general to inform their reciprocity decisions, even when they had the opportunity to strategically assume that their new, unfamiliar, partners were untrusting, and hence could have justified lower reciprocation rates.
Political participation among deaf youth in Great Britain
Authors: Espinoza Francisco , Young Alys , Dodds Claire
Published: April 2024

Variations in political participation are linked to demographic factors, socioeconomic disparities, and cultural-ethnic diversity. Existing research has primarily explored reduced political involvement among individuals with disabilities, particularly in electoral politics. However, little research has attended the involvement of deaf people specifically. This is of interest because deaf youth are at an intersection of disability, language and cultural identity with their language affiliations and rejection or acceptance of disability evolving through childhood. This study draws from original data collected via an online survey, comprising 163 deaf young respondents aged 16-19 in Great Britain. We compare their levels of political participation with those of general population peers to explore how sociodemographic factors, alongside variations in self-identification as deaf, and meaningful interactions with other deaf people contribute to explain their political engagement. The results challenge conventional wisdom by demonstrating that deaf youth participate more actively in politics than their hearing peers in various forms of political involvement, including collective, contact, and institutional activism. We also recognize differences among deaf youth and propose that social aspects of identity formation, particularly embracing a deaf identity and having deaf friends, can boost certain forms of political engagement. In summary, this study underscores the importance of acknowledging the diversity of deaf youth in terms of affiliation with various forms of deaf identity, rendering their experience different from both disabled and hearing youth. By identifying the factors driving heightened political participation, policymakers and advocates can develop strategies to enhance political engagement among all young people, regardless of their hearing status.
Selection, engineering, and in vivo testing of a human leukocyte antigen–independent T-cell receptor recognizing human mesothelin
Authors: Hiscox Martyn J. , Wasmuth Alexandra , Williams Chris L. , Foot Jaelle N. , Wiedermann Guy E. , Fadda Valeria , Boiani Sara , Cornforth Terri V. , Wikiert Karolina A. , Bruton Shaun , Cartwright Neil , Anderson Victoria Elizabeth , Barnes Christopher S. , Vieira Joao V. , Birch-Machin Ian , Gerry Andrew B. , Miller Karen , Pumphrey Nicholas J.
Published: April 2024

Background

Canonical α/β T-cell receptors (TCRs) bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) displaying antigenic peptides to elicit T cell−mediated cytotoxicity. TCR-engineered T-cell immunotherapies targeting cancer-specific peptide-HLA complexes (pHLA) are generating exciting clinical responses, but owing to HLA restriction they are only able to target a subset of antigen-positive patients. More recently, evidence has been published indicating that naturally occurring α/β TCRs can target cell surface proteins other than pHLA, which would address the challenges of HLA restriction. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to identify and engineer so-called HLA-independent TCRs (HiTs) against the tumor-associated antigen mesothelin.

Methods

Using phage display, we identified a HiT that bound well to mesothelin, which when expressed in primary T cells, caused activation and cytotoxicity. We subsequently engineered this HiT to modulate the T-cell response to varying levels of mesothelin on the cell surface.

Results

The isolated HiT shows cytotoxic activity and demonstrates killing of both mesothelin-expressing cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Additionally, we demonstrated that HiT-transduced T cells do not require CD4 or CD8 co-receptors and, unlike a TCR fusion construct, are not inhibited by soluble mesothelin. Finally, we showed that HiT-transduced T cells are highly efficacious in vivo, completely eradicating xenografted human solid tumors.

Conclusion

HiTs can be isolated from fully human TCR–displaying phage libraries against cell surface-expressed antigens. HiTs are able to fully activate primary T cells both in vivo and in vitro. HiTs may enable the efficacy seen with pHLA-targeting TCRs in solid tumors to be translated to cell surface antigens.
Estimating the incidence of Venezuelan migration and other socioeconomic factors on urban growth in Colombia
Authors: Silva Barbosa Pablo Blas Tupac , Peña-Galindo Andrés , Sampayo Andrés Miguel , Londoño-Méndez Sebastian , Contreras Cala Ivan Enrique , Granada Donato David , Beltrán Pérez Jenny Rocío , Feged-Rivadeneira Alejandro
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the intricate relationship between Venezuelan migration and urban growth in Colombia from 2018 to 2021. The study employs remote sensing data and social network metrics to uncover migration patterns and their impact on urban expansion. The methodology consists of three stages. Firstly, nighttime satellite imagery is used to analyze year-over-year urban growth in Colombia. Secondly, social network data estimates Venezuelan migration, overcoming challenges of underreporting and informal border crossings. Lastly, an econometric analysis explores the quantitative link between Venezuelan migration and urban growth, integrating socioeconomic variables to address endogeneity. The findings reveal the complex interplay of Venezuelan migration, socioeconomic factors, and urban growth. The study outlines remote sensing analysis, introducing the Anthropogenic Footprint Expansion Index (AFEI) to quantify urban growth. Facebook API data estimates migration trends and explores socioeconomic impacts on urban expansion. The analysis uncovers migration, poverty, aging, and urban population proportion as key factors affecting Colombia’s urban landscape. Furthermore, the research underscores how Venezuelan migration affected short-term urban expansion pre- and post-COVID-19. Migration had a notable effect before the pandemic, but this influence waned afterward. The study highlights migration’s short-term nature and emphasizes age demographics’ role in medium-term dynamics.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of chikungunya virus among dengue-negative patients in Kolkata, India
Authors: Chatterjee Rajendra Prasad , Chatterjee Aroni , Ansari Sabbir , Chatterjee Shilpa , Chatterjee Shyamalendu , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: April 2024

Dengue and chikungunya are co-circulating vector-borne diseases that share a significant number of clinical symptoms. To identify variables to aid physicians in making rapid and effective diagnostic decisions, we performed molecular diagnosis of the chikungunya virus and examined the clinical manifestations of chikungunya cases to identify the prevalence among dengue-negative individuals in Kolkata. Dengue suspected patients’ samples were collected during January 2020—December 2021 and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have been performed to confirm the prevalence of chikungunya infection among dengue-negative patients. By performing phylogenetic analysis, comparing clinical classifications, identifying disease aetiology using clinical and laboratory factors, and evaluating the time course of several clinical variables, we have evaluated the clinical manifestations linked to dengue and chikungunya virus infections. Chikungunya infection was found in 15.1% and 6.3% of the 635 dengue-negative patients, as determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Arthritis and myalgia were more common in chikungunya-infected patients at the time of hospital admission while conjunctivitis, photosensitivity, arthralgia, Anorexia, fatigue, retro-orbital pain, vomiting, dermatitis, or swollen glands were significantly presented as an overlapping symptom. Although dengue and chikungunya infections have significant clinical overlap, basic clinical and laboratory criteria can predict these diseases at presentation for proper management. Effective management enables doctors to treat and care for patients properly and contributes to the development of control measures for these infections in a medical setting.
The role of advanced practice nurses in improving healthcare outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Nozu Hanako , Tamura Haruka , Kudo Takemi , Araki Tomoko , Sato Hidetaka , Watanabe Takao , Sasagawa Isoji
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The number of patients with chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide; previous studies have suggested that advanced practice nurses, including nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists, with expert practice skills can provide high-quality care and solve complex healthcare problems. In general, nurse practitioners are generalist nurses who work as autonomous clinicians with whole personal care. Clinical nurse specialists, in contrast, are nurses with advanced nursing knowledge and skills for individuals or specific populations. Their roles are independent and different; however, similarities exist in their role in potentially improving healthcare outcomes. Although two previous studies described the role of nephrology nurse practitioners, they were systematic reviews, and their outcomes were limited. To clarify the overall aspect of advanced practice nurses’ role, it is necessary to extract the studies illustrating advanced practice nurses’ practices for patients with chronic kidney disease.

Objective

This study aims to map the literature describing the role of advanced practice nurses in improving healthcare outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease.

Materials and methods

This scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping review. Online databases will be searched across MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Only studies published in English will be included, and no date limit will be set. Chronic kidney disease, renal replacement therapy, and advanced practice nurses as keywords and related search terms will be used. Two independent reviewers will screen the title and abstract/full-text; in case of discrepancy, a third reviewer will make the final decision. The results will be extracted and presented following the review question concerning the study characteristics, patients’ characteristics, condition of chronic kidney disease, and role of advanced practice nurses.
A Mutilação Genital Feminina na Imprensa Online Portuguesa
Authors: Rua Inês
Published: April 2024

A Mutilação Genital Feminina (MGF) é uma prática complexa, que vem menear todos os alicerces em que se apoiam os Direitos Humanos: por um lado, é vista como uma violação dos direitos das mulheres e das crianças e um atentado ao direito à saúde; por outro, é uma parte intrínseca dos direitos culturais, da liberdade religiosa e da autodeterminação. Os media têm definido a MGF como um problema social que constitui um abuso de Direitos Humanos. Nesta abordagem, não só os/as jornalistas devem exercer o seu papel de informar o público e de fomentar o conhecimento sobre esta prática, como também assegurar a sua responsabilidade em educar e sensibilizar. Neste sentido, esta investigação tem como propósito responder à questão: qual é a representação da MGF nos media noticiosos portugueses?
TIC, motivación y rendimiento académico en educación primaria
Authors: Ábalos-Aguilera Francisco , Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. , Bernal Bravo César
Published: April 2024

Al igual que está ocurriendo en países como Suecia, algunos centros españoles se encuentran en la diatriba de retirar los dispositivos digitales de las aulas de primaria. El reciente informe PISA 2023 alerta de un desplome del rendimiento académico de los alumnos españoles, identificando que la creciente exposición a las pantallas podría contribuir a que los estudiantes estén “más tiempos distraídos”. En la misma línea, el informe PIRLS de 2021 ya concluía que los alumnos españoles de entre 9 y 10 años han experimentado una disminución de 7 puntos en los últimos años, asociándolo a las distracciones que la exposición a pantallas y la conexión a Internet pueden estar generando en clase. La presente investigación busca examinar, mediante un meta-análisis y revisión de la literatura científica, las posiciones de los investigadores en el último lustro (2019-2023) acerca de la incorporación de las TIC en las aulas de educación primaria. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de los estudios cuasi-experimentales (n=10) sobre la correlación entre el uso de recursos digitales, el engagement y el rendimiento académico ha sido positivo, sobre todo si esta incorporación de las TIC viene acompañada de estrategias metodológicas como la gamificación, el flipped classroom o el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP). Factores como el diseño de los recursos digitales, la edad del profesorado y la falta de formación efectiva, se identifican como determinantes en la preferencia por metodologías convencionales en lugar de la adopción de recursos digitales. Esta investigación pone de manifiesto que la simple inclusión de las TIC no es un predictor de mejoramiento, que tantos autores han alegado, quizá con demasiado entusiasmo, y en cierta medida con algunas perspectivas utópicas.