bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans-humanismo e distopia na novela "Tóquio", de Daniel Galera
Authors: Carmona Fernanda Mara Riera , Pereira Volmir Cardoso
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes dystopian elements and the theme of transhumanism present in the short novel “Tóquio”, part of O deus das avencas (2021), a book written by Daniel Galera. In our hypothesis, the short novel highlights the social and ethical dilemmas posed by high technology applied to the control and modification of human life, in a dystopian narrative that presents a dark future, marked by civilizational setbacks and climatic catastrophes. To analyze the work, we turned to the studies of Jacoby (2007), Marques (2014), Ferreira (2015) and other authors who discuss the dystopian genre, its criticality and social relevance as a literary production that gives warning signs about the negative consequences of actions performed in the period in which it is written. We also discuss the social, ethical and cultural implications that involve transhumanism, as an ideological vision inherent in contemporary neoliberal capitalism.
Vampiras, fatais, impiedosas: mulheres que ins(es)crevem mulheres na contística de Camila Fernandes
Authors: Carneiro Fabianna Simão Bellizzi
Published: September 2024

The 21st century has seen the emergence of female writers who, through the medium of horror, portray the anguish and scabrousness that many South American women go through: gender violence, mental illness, tyranny, unequal social and economic relations between genders, abandonment, femicide. We see authors who bring to light characters with their traumas and fears, and it's up to us, the readers, to deal with the pain that can also be ours. The aim of this work, therefore, is to make a critical-analytical reading of the short stories “Das Dores” and “Alho, cebola & sangue”, by Brazilian writer Camila Fernandes, in order to scrutinise how an unusual figure like the vampire woman can raise issues that afflict women in contemporary times. Through the unusual and horror, South American women's writing in the 21st century remains steadfast in its aim to create a space for denunciation, as can be seen throughout this article.
5 poemas
Authors: Santos Diogo Cardoso dos
Published: September 2024

5 poems by Diogo Cardoso:
[amo os nomes com que canto]
Felicidade
Antes de Nakba
Rêverie
[há os homens antigos que constroem casas]
Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism According to Baseline Frequency and Duration of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ARTESiA Trial
Authors: McIntyre William F. , Benz Alexander P. , Healey Jeff S. , Connolly Stuart J. , Yang Mu , Lee Shun Fu , Field Thalia S. , Alings Marco , Benezet-Mazuecos J. , Boriani Giuseppe , Nielsen J. Cosedis , Gold Michael R. , Pergolini Francesco , Glotzer Taya V. , Granger Christopher B. , Lopes Renato D.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

In the ARTESiA trial (Apixaban for the Reduction of Thromboembolism in Patients With Device-Detected Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation), apixaban, compared with aspirin, reduced stroke or systemic embolism in patients with device-detected subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF). Clinical guidelines recommend considering SCAF episode duration when deciding whether to prescribe oral anticoagulation for this population.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study in ARTESiA. Using Cox regression adjusted for CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score and treatment allocation (apixaban or aspirin), we assessed frequency of SCAF episodes and duration of the longest SCAF episode in the 6 months before randomization as predictors of stroke risk and of apixaban treatment effect.

RESULTS:

Among 3986 patients with complete baseline SCAF data, 703 (17.6%) had no SCAF episode ≥6 minutes in the 6 months before enrollment. Among 3283 patients (82.4%) with ≥1 episode of SCAF ≥6 minutes in the 6 months before enrollment, 2542 (77.4%) had up to 5 episodes, and 741 (22.6%) had ≥6 episodes. The longest episode lasted <1 hour in 1030 patients (31.4%), 1 to <6 hours in 1421 patients (43.3%), and >6 hours in 832 patients (25.3%). Higher baseline SCAF frequency was not associated with increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism: 1.1% for 1 to 5 episodes versus 1.2%/patient-year for ≥6 episodes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.59–1.34]). In an exploratory analysis, patients with previous SCAF but no episode ≥6 minutes in the 6 months before enrollment had a lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism than patients with at least one episode during that period (0.5% versus 1.1%/patient-year; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.27–0.85]). The frequency of SCAF did not modify the reduction in stroke or systemic embolism with apixaban (
P
interaction
=0.1). The duration of the longest SCAF episode in the 6 months before enrollment was not associated with the risk of stroke or systemic embolism during follow-up (<1 hour: 1.0%/patient-year [reference]; 1–6 hours: 1.2%/patient-year [adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27 (95% CI, 0.85–1.90)]; >6 hours: 1.0%/patient-year [adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.63–1.66)]). SCAF duration did not modify the reduction in stroke or systemic embolism with apixaban (
P
trend
=0.1).

CONCLUSIONS:

In ARTESiA, baseline SCAF frequency and longest episode duration were not associated with risk of stroke or systemic embolism and did not modify the effect of apixaban on reduction of stroke or systemic embolism.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01938248.
SEEP: Training Dynamics Grounds Latent Representation Search for Mitigating Backdoor Poisoning Attacks
Authors: He Xuanli , Xu Qiongkai , Wang Jun , Rubinstein Benjamin I. P. , Cohn Trevor
Published: September 2024

Modern NLP models are often trained on public datasets drawn from diverse sources, rendering them vulnerable to data poisoning attacks. These attacks can manipulate the model’s behavior in ways engineered by the attacker. One such tactic involves the implantation of backdoors, achieved by poisoning specific training instances with a textual trigger and a target class label. Several strategies have been proposed to mitigate the risks associated with backdoor attacks by identifying and removing suspected poisoned examples. However, we observe that these strategies fail to offer effective protection against several advanced backdoor attacks. To remedy this deficiency, we propose a novel defensive mechanism that first exploits training dynamics to identify poisoned samples with high precision, followed by a label propagation step to improve recall and thus remove the majority of poisoned instances. Compared with recent advanced defense methods, our method considerably reduces the success rates of several backdoor attacks while maintaining high classification accuracy on clean test sets.
Do LLMs Exhibit Human-like Response Biases? A Case Study in Survey Design
Authors: Tjuatja Lindia , Chen Valerie , Wu Tongshuang , Talwalkwar Ameet , Neubig Graham
Published: September 2024

One widely cited barrier to the adoption of LLMs as proxies for humans in subjective tasks is their sensitivity to prompt wording—but interestingly, humans also display sensitivities to instruction changes in the form of response biases. We investigate the extent to which LLMs reflect human response biases, if at all. We look to survey design, where human response biases caused by changes in the wordings of “prompts” have been extensively explored in social psychology literature. Drawing from these works, we design a dataset and framework to evaluate whether LLMs exhibit human-like response biases in survey questionnaires. Our comprehensive evaluation of nine models shows that popular open and commercial LLMs generally fail to reflect human-like behavior, particularly in models that have undergone RLHF. Furthermore, even if a model shows a significant change in the same direction as humans, we find that they are sensitive to perturbations that do not elicit significant changes in humans. These results highlight the pitfalls of using LLMs as human proxies, and underscore the need for finer-grained characterizations of model behavior.1
The Establishment of Science-Policy Interfaces for the Global Plastics Treaty: Reflections on Small Island Developing States’ Perspectives
Authors: Stöfen-O’Brien Aleke , Graham Roxanne
Published: September 2024

On 2 March 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) requested the Executive Director of UNEP to convene an international negotiating committee (INC) charged with moving towards the negotiation of an international legally binding instrument on plastics by 2024. Due to the complex environmental, societal, and human health impacts of plastic pollution, the work undertaken ought to consider the best available science, traditional knowledge, and local knowledge systems in the context of scientific and socioeconomic assessments. This article explores the importance of specifically considering the challenges faced by small island developing States in the development of a Science-Policy Interface (SPI) as is envisaged by the INC. It is argued that in the creation of a global SPI on plastic pollution, a vision for the co-creation and co-design of traditional and local stakeholders’ knowledge must be integrated from the beginning.
Assessment of the Trends of Human Trafficking in Ethiopia: The Case of Metema Woreda
Authors: Tafere Megbaru Abeje , Engdaw Besfat
Published: September 2024

Human trafficking, as an illegal movement of people using coercions, frauds, and forces, is considered modern-day slavery. The world nowadays is experiencing severe socio-economic and cultural problems as a result of human trafficking. This study examines the trends of human trafficking in Metema Woreda, Ethiopia. The study also investigates actors and modus operandi of human trafficking in Metema woreda. A qualitative research method was employed—both descriptive and case study research designs were also used. Accordingly, primary data were collected by conducting key informant interviews with residents, victims, and public officials. Secondary data were collected from state documents, records, reports, articles, and official statistics. The collected data were thematically analysed. The study finally concludes that despite there had been increasing trends in the past, the current trend of human trafficking in Metema shows slight decreasing. The study identified traffickers, political leaders, shekaba, shekama, residents of transit places, government officials, and security forces as actors facilitating the human trafficking process. Moreover, extreme poverty and high unemployment rates are driving forces that make individuals, particularly young women, become victims of human trafficking. Generally, the study recommends the local and higher governments to address human trafficking by enforcing laws more effectively, implementing robust local security measures, generating employment prospects, and alleviating poverty. The study also recommends the local community to stop collaborating the illegal traffickers and stand for fight against the human trafficking.
Two novel species of Kirschsteiniothelia from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: JIN YAN , CHEN YANPENG , TIAN WENHUI , LIU JIAN-KUI , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S. N.
Published: September 2024

Sichuan Province is recognized as one of the richest biodiversity hotspots of plants and animals in the world. However, fungal diversity in this region has been largely overlooked, prompting us to investigate it further. During a long-term survey of fungal diversity, two morphologically similar hyphomycetous fungi were collected. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and morphological examinations confirmed that these two collections are new to the genus Kirschsteiniothelia, designated as K. pini sp. nov. and K. sichuanensis sp. nov. Both species showed significant differences in sequence identities of the ITS barcode. Additionally, Kirschsteiniothelia sichuanensis, collected from decaying branches of an unidentified woody plant, differs from the phylogenetically close species K. extensum by having shorter conidia. Kirschsteiniothelia pini, collected from decaying branches of Pinus sp., differs from phylogenetically close species K. aquatica by having shorter and wider conidia and from K. cangshanensis by having shorter conidiophores. The study provided detailed descriptions, photographs of the new species, and an updated phylogeny for Kirschsteiniothelia.
A case report of human infection with avian influenza H10N3 with a complex respiratory disease history
Authors: Zhao Zhenxi , Luo Siyi , Gao Yudong , Dai Min , Yan Jun , Yang Ying , Li Hongwei , Zhang Yan , Mao Zhipeng
Published: September 2024

Background

On March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3.

Case presentation

A 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People's Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient's respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6–99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022).

Conclusions

According to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.
Trends and inequalities in antenatal care coverage in Benin (2006–2017): an application of World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Okyere Joshua , Ackah Josephine Akua , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Between 2006 and 2017, antenatal care (ANC) coverage in Benin declined, potentially exacerbating inequalities and substantiating the need for health inequality monitoring. This study examines inequalities in ANC attendance in Benin, disaggregated by women’s age, educational level, economic status, place of residence, region of residence, and the extent to which they have changed over time.

Methods

Three rounds of the Benin Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011–12, and 2017–18) were analyzed to examine inequalities in ANC coverage. An exploratory descriptive approach was adopted for the analysis. Simple [difference (D) and ratio (R)] and complex [population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable fraction (PAF)] measures of inequalities were computed using the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO’s HEAT) online platform. The measures were computed separately for each of the three surveys, and their estimates were compared.

Results

The findings revealed an 8.4% decline in at least four ANC visits between 2006 and 2017–18. The decline occurred irrespective of age, educational status, economic status, place of residence, and region. Region-related inequalities were the largest and increased slightly between 2006 (D = 54.6; R = 2.6; PAF = 47.8, PAR = 29.0) and 2017–18 (D = 55.8; R = 3.1; PAF = 57.2, PAR = 29.8). Education (2006: D = 31.3, R = 1.6, PAF = 40.5, PAR = 24.5; 2017–18: D = 25.2, R = 1.6, PAF = 34.9, PAR = 18.1) and rural-urban (2006: D = 16.8, R = 1.3, PAF = 17.8, PAR = 10.8; 2017–18: D = 11.2, R = 1.2, PAF = 13.1, PAR = 6.8) inequalities reduced while economic status inequalities did not improve (2006: D = 48, R = 2.2, PAF = 44.5, PAR = 26.9; 2017–18: D = 43.9, R = 2.4, PAF = 45.0, PAR = 23.4). Age inequalities were very minimal.

Conclusion

ANC inequalities remain deeply ingrained in Benin. Addressing their varying levels requires comprehensive strategies that encompass both supply—and demand-side interventions, focusing on reaching uneducated women in the poorest households and those residing in rural areas and Atacora.
Uncovering the key working mechanisms of a complex community-based obesity prevention programme in the Netherlands using ripple effects mapping
Authors: Huiberts Irma , Collard Dorine , Singh Amika , Hendriks Mara , Chinapaw Mai J. M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Much remains unknown about how complex community-based programmes can successfully achieve long-term impact. More insight is needed to understand the key mechanisms through which these programmes work. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth study in five communities that implemented the Healthy Youth, Healthy Future (JOGG) approach, a Dutch community-based obesity prevention programme. We aimed to identify perceived outcomes and long-term impacts among local stakeholders and explore potential causal pathways and working mechanisms.

Methods

We used ripple effects mapping (REM), a qualitative participatory method to map outcomes and identify causal pathways, in five communities. We involved 26 stakeholders, professionals and policy-makers affiliated with the local JOGG approach, spread over eight REM sessions and conducted individual interviews with 24 additional stakeholders. To uncover working mechanisms, we compared outcomes and causal pathways across communities.

Results

Over 5–9 years of implementation, participants perceived that JOGG had improved ownership of local stakeholders, health policies, intersectoral collaboration and social norms towards promoting healthy lifestyles. Causal pathways comprised small initial outcomes that created the preconditions to enable the achievement of long-term impact. Although exact JOGG actions varied widely between communities, we identified five common working mechanisms through which the JOGG approach contributed to causal pathways: (1) creating a positive connotation with JOGG, (2) mobilizing stakeholders to participate in the JOGG approach, (3) facilitating projects to promote knowledge and awareness among stakeholders while creating successful experiences with promoting healthy lifestyles, (4) connecting stakeholders, thereby stimulating intersectoral collaboration and (5) sharing stakeholder successes that promote healthy lifestyles, which gradually created a social norm of participation.

Conclusions

The JOGG approach seems to work through activating initial stakeholder participation and bolstering the process towards ownership, policy change, and intersectoral collaboration to promote healthy lifestyles. Key working mechanisms can inform further development of JOGG as well as other complex community-based prevention programmes.
The effects of a quality improvement project to reduce caesarean sections in selected private hospitals in Brazil
Authors: do Carmo Leal Maria , Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Fonseca Thaís Cristina Oliveira , Leite Tatiana Henriques , Figueiró Ana Claudia , Pereira Ana Paula Esteves , Theme-Filha Mariza Miranda , da Silva Ayres Bárbara Vasques , Scott Oliver , de Cássia Sanchez Rita , Borem Paulo , de Maio Osti Maria Carolina , Rosa Marcos Wengrover , Andrade Amanda S. , Filho Fernando Maia Peixoto , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Torres Jacqueline Alves
Published: September 2024

Background

Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of caesarean sections (CS), reaching almost 90% of births in the private sector. A quality improvement project called “Adequate Childbirth Project (PPA)” was conceived to reduce CS in the private sector. This project consisted of four primary components: “Governance”, “Participation of Women”, “Reorganization of Care” and “Monitoring”. This paper aims to evaluate: (1) which specific activities of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery; (2) which primary component of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of vaginal delivery and (3) which scenarios combining the implementation of different activities planned in the PPA had a higher effect on the probability of vaginal delivery.

Methods

A sample of 12 private hospitals participating in the PPA was evaluated. We used a Bayesian Network (BN) to capture both non-linearities and complex cause-effect relations. The BN integrated knowledge from experts and data from women to estimate 26 model parameters. The PPA was evaluated in 2473 women belonging to groups 1–4 of the Robson classification, who were divided into two groups: those participating or not participating in the PPA.

Results

The probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery was 37.7% higher in women participating in the PPA. The most important component of the project that led to an increase in the probability of vaginal delivery was “Reorganization of Care”, leading to a 73% probability of vaginal delivery among women in labor. The activity that had the greatest effect on the type of delivery was access to best practices during labor, with a 72% probability of vaginal delivery. Considering the 12 scenarios combining the different activities of the PPA, the best scenarios included: a non-scheduled delivery, access to information about best practices, access to at least 4 best practices during labor and respect of the birth plan, with an 80% probability of vaginal delivery in the best combinations.

Conclusion

PPA has been shown to be an effective quality improvement program, increasing the likelihood of vaginal delivery in private Brazilian hospitals.
Update to the study protocol: minimisation of dialysis risk in hospital patients with chronic kidney disease (MinDial): a multicentre, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stelzer D. , Binder H. , Glattacker M. , Graf E. , Hahn M. , Hollenbeck M. , Kaier K. , Kowall B. , Kuklik N. , Metzner G. , Mueller N. , Seiler L. , Stolpe S. , Blume C.
Published: September 2024

This document reports a brief update to the previously published protocol of the MinDial study.

Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029691. Registered on 12 Sept. 2022, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00029691.
Effect of perioperative sigh ventilation on postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications after on-pump cardiac surgery (E-SIGHT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Zhichang , Cheng Qiyu , Huang Shenglun , Sun Jie , Xu Jingyuan , Xie Jianfeng , Cao Hailong , Guo Fengmei
Published: September 2024

Background

Postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications remain a frequent event after on-pump cardiac surgery and mostly characterized by pulmonary atelectasis. Surfactant dysfunction or hyposecretion happens prior to atelectasis formation, and sigh represents the strongest stimulus for surfactant secretion. The role of sigh breaths added to conventional lung protective ventilation in reducing postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications among cardiac surgery is unknown.

Methods

The perioperative sigh ventilation in cardiac surgery (E-SIGHT) trial is a single-center, two-arm, randomized controlled trial. In total, 192 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamp will be randomized into one of the two treatment arms. In the experimental group, besides conventional lung protective ventilation, sigh volumes producing plateau pressures of 35 cmH2O (or 40 cmH2O for patients with body mass index > 35 kg/m2) delivered once every 6 min from intubation to extubation. In the control group, conventional lung protective ventilation without preplanned recruitment maneuvers is used. Lung protective ventilation (LPV) consists of low tidal volumes (6–8 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting according to low PEEP/FiO2 table for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary endpoint is time-weighted average SpO2/FiO2 ratio during the initial post-extubation hour. Main secondary endpoint is the severity of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) computed by postoperative day 7.

Discussion

The E-SIGHT trial will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of perioperative sigh ventilation on the postoperative outcomes after on-pump cardiac surgery. The trial will introduce and assess a novel perioperative ventilation approach to mitigate the risk of postoperative hypoxemia and PPCs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Also provide the basis for a future larger trial aiming at verifying the impact of sigh ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06248320. Registered on January 30, 2024. Last updated February 26, 2024.
Comparing hospitalized adult patients with chronic anorexia nervosa with versus without prior hospitalizations
Authors: Martinelli Mary K. , Schreyer Colleen C. , Guarda Angela S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, from which recovery is often protracted. The role of prior specialized inpatient treatment on subsequent treatment attempts for adults with chronic AN and predictors of treatment response for severe and enduring AN (SE-AN) are needed to improve outcomes.

Method

Participants (N = 135) with chronic AN (ill ≥7 years) admitted to an integrated inpatient-partial hospitalization eating disorders (ED) unit with prior ED hospitalization(s) (+ PH; n = 100) were compared to those without prior ED hospitalizations (-PH; n = 35) on admission characteristics (BMI, length of illness, outpatient ED treatment history, symptomatology (ED, anxiety, and depressive), history of suicide attempts or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)), treatment motivation and recovery self-efficacy, and discharge outcomes (discharge BMI, rate of weight gain, length of stay, clinical improvement).

Results

Groups were similar with regard to age, years ill, and admission BMI. The + PH group had lower desired weight, lifetime nadir BMI and self-efficacy for normative eating, and higher state and trait anxiety than the -PH group. +PH were also more likely to endorse history of NSSI and suicide attempt. Regarding discharge outcomes, most patients achieved weight restoration at program discharge (mean discharge BMI = 19.8 kg/m2). Groups did not differ on rate of weight gain, likelihood of attending partial hospital, partial hospital length of stay, program discharge BMI, or likelihood of clinical improvement (p’s > 0.05) although inpatient length of stay was longer for the + PH group.

Conclusions

Participants with chronic AN + PH exhibited more severe psychiatric comorbidity and lower self-efficacy for normative eating than AN -PH, however short-term discharge outcomes were similar. Future research should determine whether weight restoration and targeting comorbidities impacts relapse risk or need for rehospitalization among chronic and severe + PH. Despite similar illness durations, those with chronic AN -PH may be able to transition to partial hospital earlier. Conversely there is risk of undertreatment of chronic AN + PH given the recent shift promoting briefer self-directed admissions for adults with SE-AN. Research comparing + PH and -PH adults with chronic AN may facilitate efforts to individualize care and characterize relapse risk following intensive treatment.
Abscopal effect: from a rare phenomenon to a new frontier in cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Xueying , Zhang Haoyu , XinZhang  , Liu Yong
Published: September 2024

Radiotherapy (RT) controls local lesions, meantime it has the capability to induce systemic response to inhibit distant, metastatic, non-radiated tumors, which is referred to as the “abscopal effect”. It is widely recognized that radiotherapy can stimulate systemic immune response. This provides a compelling theoretical basis for the combination of immune therapy combined with radiotherapy(iRT). Indeed, this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical treatment, bringing significant clinical benefits to patients, and a series of basic studies are underway to amplify this effect. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune response induced by RT, determination of the optimal treatment regimen for iRT, and how to amplify the abscopal effect. In order to amplify and utilize this effect in clinical management, these key issues require to be well addressed; In this review, we comprehensively summarize the growing consensus and emphasize the emerging limitations of enhancing the abscopal effect with radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and barriers to the current clinical translational applications.
Measuring unit for synchronously collecting air dose rate and measurement position
Authors: Kawabata Kuniaki , Imabuchi Takashi , Shirasaki Norihito , Suzuki Soichiro , Ito Rintaro , Aoki Yuto , Omori Takazumi
Published: September 2024

This paper describes a measuring unit for synchronously collecting the air dose rate and measurement position for efficient dosimetry surveying and data logging. The developed prototype comprises a three-dimensional light detection and ranging-based mapping part and dosimetry part, which are integrated into a single measuring unit through an embedded computer that installs a ROS (robot operating system) framework. The unit can function as a standalone system with embedded batteries. Since it is portable, on-line data gathering in the workspace can be realized, thereby maintaining consistency between the air dose rate and measurement position. In this paper, we describe the functional requirements for the measuring unit, the prototype system configuration, and the experimental results obtained in the mockup environment and nuclear facility to discuss its performance.
Risk of Incident Melanoma Among Individuals With Low-Count Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis
Authors: Vallejo Bryan A. , Ansari Ahmed , Parikh Sameer A. , Achenbach Sara J. , Rabe Kari G. , Norman Aaron D. , Olson Janet E. , Kay Neil E. , Braggio Esteban , Hanson Curtis A. , Vachon Celine M. , Cerhan James R. , Baum Cristian L. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Slager Susan L.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)–phenotype monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a premalignant condition that is roughly 500-fold more common than CLL. It is unknown whether the two-fold increased risk of developing melanoma associated with CLL extends to individuals with MBL.

METHODS

Using the Mayo Clinic Biobank, we identified participants who were 40 years or older with no previous hematological malignancies, who resided in the 27 counties around Mayo Clinic, and who had available biospecimens for screening. Eight-color flow cytometry was used to screen for MBL. Individuals with MBL were classified as low-count MBL (LC-MBL) or high-count MBL on the basis of clonal B-cell percent. Incident melanomas were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes and confirmed via medical records review. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI.

RESULTS

Of the 7,334 participants screened, 1,151 were identified with a CD5-positive MBL, of whom 1,098 had LC-MBL. After a median follow-up of 3.2 years (range, 0-13.5), 131 participants developed melanoma, of whom 36 individuals were positive for MBL. The estimated 5-year cumulative incidence of melanoma was 3.4% and 2.0% among those with and without MBL, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and history of previous melanoma, individuals with MBL exhibited a 1.86-fold (95% CI, 1.25 to 2.78) risk of melanoma. This elevated risk persisted when analysis was restricted to those without a history of melanoma (HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.30 to 3.23]). Individuals with LC-MBL had a 1.92-fold (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.87) increased risk of developing melanoma overall and a 2.74-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.50 to 5.03) of melanoma in situ compared with those without MBL.

CONCLUSION

LC-MBL is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of melanoma overall and a 2.74-fold increased risk of melanoma in situ.
The Endless Hustle; or, Saul Goodman Out of Time
Authors: Szalay Michael
Published: September 2024

This essay argues that the alternating rhythms with which AMC's Better Call Saul moves though time, and the alternating temporal frames of reference with which it represents Saul Goodman's “hustling” specifically, represent self-conscious efforts to clarify the narrative affordances of the serial television medium. These temporal experiments also elucidate the felt endlessness of waged work in the context of go-nowhere careers. In both capacities, Better Call Saul adumbrates formal and thematic concerns central not only to Breaking Bad, but also to twenty-five years of prestige TV.
Serial Time and Finance Capital in Anthony Trollope and HBO's Succession
Authors: Hipsky Martin
Published: September 2024

Global Anglophone culture of the twenty-first century has seen a popular resurgence of serialized fiction not witnessed since the English-language apogee of the Victorian serialized novel, as embodied in the monthly packets of chapters published by Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, and others. This time around, it is weekly televisual and streaming installments that debut the eagerly awaited episodes and seasons of our culture's most influential long-format narratives. Despite any residual disrespect for television/streaming as a cultural medium, this transposition of serial narratives from print to screen does not always entail a reduction or simplification of fictive narratives’ literary capacity for implicit socioeconomic critique, or for subtle and illuminative registers of the era's political unconscious. There is no Anglophone televisual series of the 2020s that better illustrates the potential of long-format streaming narrative to parallel the critical power of the best Victorian serial novels than showrunner Jesse Armstrong's Succession (HBO, 2018 – 23). The aim of this essay is to ground an interpretation of Succession in the thematic and formal homologies that it shares with the best nineteenth-century serial novels in general, and Trollope's The Way We Live Now (1873 – 74) in particular.
Tropes of Jewish Humor in Women-Led Digital Streaming Productions (2010 – 2019)
Authors: Miller Thaïs
Published: September 2024

The influx of digital streaming platforms from 2005 to 2008 enabled more nuanced representations of Jewish cultures, rituals, and subjects than on traditional distribution platforms. In front of and behind the camera, Jewish women, once marginalized, are now taking center stage and portraying the complexities of Jewish American life. Ilana Glazer and Abbi Jacobson (creators of Broad City) and Rachel Bloom (creator of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend) successfully navigated open-access digital streaming platforms to promote their comedic work, then modified their content to meet the needs of broadcast and cable networks and later subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) platforms. These content creators adapted traditional motifs of Jewish humor by infusing their work with contemporary, popular feminist sensibilities and applying narrative tactics specific to digital technology. This article examines the new common tropes produced by these Jewish American women creators of comedic digital streaming content as well as the historical, technological, and economic factors that gave rise to those tropes. Glazer, Jacobson, and Bloom inspired numerous subsequent content creators such as Jenji Kohan (creator of Orange Is the New Black), Joey Soloway (creator of Transparent), Amy Sherman-Palladino (creator of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel), Tiffany Haddish (creator of the comedy special Black Mitzvah), and Natasha Lyonne (cocreator of Russian Doll), who have also incorporated these tropes and been at the forefront of Jewish comedy, particularly in twenty-first-century digital streaming programs.
Η προστασία του κατηγορουμένου μεταξύ του κοινού και του εκκλησιαστικού ποινικού δικαίου
Authors: Παπανικολάου Γεώργιος-Γαβριήλ
Published: September 2024

Τα δικαιώματα του κατηγορουμένου στην εκκλησιαστική δίκη δεν προκύπτουν από τη Σύμβαση των ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων. Αυτά θεμελιώνονται και προστατεύονται ήδη στους ιερούς κανόνες, οι οποίοι εφαρμόζουν το χριστιανικό πνεύμα και τη θεώρηση του ανθρώπου ως πρόσωπο δημιουργηθέν κατ’ εικόνα Θεού. Η απόδοση της Εκκλησιαστικής Δικαιοσύνης γίνεται με παρόμοια ένδικα μέσα με αυτά της Κοινής Ποινικής Δικαιοσύνης, οι ποινές όμως που επιβάλλει έχουν διαφορετικό πνεύμα, δεν είναι τιμωρητικές ή σωφρονιστικές, αλλά κυρίως θεραπευτικές. Το εκκλησιαστικό δίκαιο προστατεύει κυρίως πνευματικά αγαθά, αφού όλες οι παραβάσεις και αδικήματα συνεπάγονται στέρηση από τη Θεία Λειτουργία, γι’ αυτό προβλέπεται μία σειρά πρακτικών μετανοίας και μεταμέλειας για την επανένταξη του παραβάτη στην μυστηριακή ζωή της Εκκλησίας.
A Dynamic, D-dimer-based Thromboprophylaxis Strategy in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Bhoopat Lantarima , Martynova Anastasia , Choi April , Pattharanitima Pattharawin , Han Semi , Du Senxi , Syed Ibrahim , Chan Catherine , Oh Esther E , Borok Zea , Liebler Janice , Wilson Melissa Lee , Tantiyavarong Pichaya , Connell Casey O
Published: September 2024

Background COVID-19 pandemics increases venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk during hospitalization, despite prophylactic anticoagulation. Limited radiological diagnosis in pandemic requires a guided protocol for anticoagulant adjustment. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center as part of a quality improvement program evaluating the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation protocols. The study focused on implementing a guideline for anticoagulant dosing protocol based on dynamic changes in D-dimer levels in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The dosing guideline allowed for dose escalation from standard prophylactic levels to escalated prophylactic or therapeutic levels, depending on the patient's risk profile for VTE. The primary endpoints included in-hospital survival comparing between fix and dynamic adjustment treatment groups. Secondary endpoints encompassed major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB) events, incidence of breakthrough thrombosis, length of hospitalization and ICU stay, days of mechanical ventilator use, and survival duration. Findings Among the 260 COVID-19-infected patients hospitalized between March 15th and June 15th, 2020. The patients received fixed anticoagulant dosage in 188, 72.3%) patients, while 72 (27.7%) were up-titrated according to the protocol. In-hospital survival at 30 days demonstrated superiority among patients whose anticoagulation was up-titrated to either escalated prophylactic or therapeutic (80.2%) compared to receiving fixed anticoagulant dosage (51.3%) (p=0.01). Bleeding events were significantly higher in up-titrate group (12.5%) compared to fixed anticoagulant dosage group (2.13%). Most of them are CRNMB. Conclusion A dynamic, D-dimer-based dose escalation of anticoagulation for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 holds promise in improving in-hospital mortality rates without a significant increase in fatal bleeding events.
The Concept of “Collectivity/Unity” in Russian Phraseology as an Important Element of Communication in the Russian-Speaking Space
Authors: Shaklein V. , Zhang Min
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the following issues: firstly, an analysis of the concepts “Individual” and “Collectivity” is presented, including a study of their role and place in modern society and an analysis of their relationship from a dialectical point of view; secondly, the importance and historical foundations of the “Collectivism” value concept in Russian civilization, its prospects for the development of modern Russia and society are studied; thirdly, a study was conducted on the semantics of the words “Collectivity” and “Unity”, their synonyms, antonyms and associative images in the Russian language; fourthly, phraseological units with this concept are selected from Russian phraseological dictionaries. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of phraseological units as a tool for conveying the characteristics of Russian culture in communication within the framework of the “Collectivity/Unity” concept. To achieve this goal, a qualitative study is carried out, which includes descriptive, associative methods, methods of synthesis and generalization, semantic and conceptual analysis. The conducted research shows that phraseological units with the “Collectivity/Unity” meaning reflect the Russian mentality, history, culture, national consciousness, and the idea of the Russian people about solidarity and friendship. Studying these phraseological units allows foreign students to expand their vocabulary, gain a deeper understanding of the Russian nature, culture, history, and civilization, apply this knowledge in intercultural communication.
Translation of Terminology in the Field of Inclusive Educational Communication
Authors: Runova N.
Published: September 2024

The inclusion model is one of the most promising strategies in world pedagogy as it provides students with equal access to knowledge, taking into account the diversity of their educational and communication needs and abilities. Special concepts that arise in the process of inclusive educational communication are fixed in terms whose scope of meaning may not coincide in the educational systems of different countries, which causes translation difficulties and, ultimately, hinders the effectiveness of international cooperation in this area. In addition, the relevance of the study lies in the current shortage of modern bilingual English-Russian terminological dictionaries in the field of inclusive education.

The aim of the study is to analyze the translation strategies of existing terms of inclusive education and to translate new terminological units from English into Russian.

The research methods include pre-translation semantic analysis of terms and their classification based on formation, regularity and conceptual content.

As a result of the work, a critical analysis of the existing English-Russian dictionary in the field of inclusive education is presented, techniques and strategies for translating terms are summarized, and the translation of new English terms into Russian is proposed. The conclusion is drawn about the urgent need to streamline the terminology of inclusive education in English and Russian.

The scientific novelty lies in the fact that due to the absence of studies devoted to the translation of the terminology of inclusive education from English into Russian, it is attempted to give a critical assessment of the current inclusive terminology in bilingual communication and to replenish the glossary with new translated versions.

The practical significance lies in active use of new terminological units in translation when implementing international communication in the field of inclusive education, as well as in lexicographic practice when editing existing terminological dictionaries or compiling new ones.
Piotr Abelard w Gesta Friderici Ottona z Fryzyngi
Authors: Szymczyk Tomasz
Published: September 2024

In his chronicle, Gesta Friderici, Bishop Otto of Freising dedicated a brief passage to Peter Abelard, essentially a digression. The article aims to determine how the German Bishop perceived the philosopher and from which sources he might have derived his knowledge of him. The main primary sources used in this article originate from Abelard himself, his apprentice Berengar of Poitiers, and his primary opponents. The article shows that Otto of Freising’s attitude towards Abelard appears to be balanced, containing both praise for the philosopher’s mind and criticism of his approach to theological questions. The chronicler made use of writings unfavourable to the thinker (in his work, he quotes some letters exchanged between the French Episcopate and the Pope), as well as the Apologia of Master Peter, which survives only in fragments, and probably also The Story of My Misfortunes. This selection of sources arguably contributed to the fact that Abelard was an ambiguous figure in the eyes of Otto of Freising. Since the author was a German noble of high rank, his text may indicate how the elite of the Empire viewed the Breton thinker. The chronicler mainly recounts facts known from other accounts, concentrating on theological questions and the circumstances of Peter Abelard’s condemnation at the Councils of Soissons and Sens. He only briefly outlines the scholar’s views, mentions his teachers, makes no mention of Heloise and is vague about the mutilation of Master Peter. Although, in general, Otto’s judgements about Abelard seem to be correct, he made several errors on less critical matters. The time of writing the Apology „Ne juxta Boethianum” and the place where the thinker died, as given by the Bishop, are incompatible, and his philosophical views were equated with a clearly different position of Roscelin. The mention of Abelard’s condemnation, charged for Sabellianism in Soissons, also raises justifiable doubts.
Wizerunek lady Jane Grey w szesnastowiecznej historiografii i literaturze
Authors: Walczyk Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

This article aims to analyse the legend of Jane Grey, which began to be shaped shortly after her execution in 1554. In the years following her death, the image of the “nineday queen” in historiographical and literary works changed depending on the political situation in England. The religious beliefs of the authors of each work were also not insignificant, as Catholics and Protestants described quite differently the events that took place in England after the death of Edward VI. Jane Grey, the granddaughter of Mary Tudor, Henry VIII’s youngest sister, belonged to the aristocratic elite of the time. It should also be noted that she was included in the succession acts issued by the monarch, although after Edward’s childless death, she would have been fourth in the line to the throne. However, towards the end of his life, Edward VI decided to change the succession law and appoint Jane Grey as heir to the throne. This decision brought England to the brink of civil war and led to the tragic death of Jane Grey, and consequently to the forming of her legend, portraying her as an innocent Protestant martyr and victim of the Catholic Queen Mary. The article presents the results of analysing chronicles, state papers, biographies and ballads from the 16th century that describe the life and reign of Jane Grey. The primary sources used include i.a., the chronicles of John Stow, Charles Wriothesley and Raphael Holinshed, the accounts of Michelangelo Florio and John Aylmer, the biographical work of John Foxe, as well as literary works created after the Queen’s death. The analysed works present Jane Gray primarily as a victim of her father-in-law’s and father’s ambitions or as a Protestant martyr. Very few sources shed any light on what kind of person Lady Jane Gray was. An image of a talented, educated and very religious woman emerges from the accounts of her contemporaries. The legend of Jane as a victim of her family’s ambition and the archetypal English martyr carried on in the following centuries, possibly expanding to include descriptions of the love that was supposed to connect her with her husband, Guildford Dudley, but which never really transpired.