bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of reinforced concrete frame behavior subjected to progressive collapse
Authors: Paripour Mohammad Bagher , Budak Ahmet , Düzgün Oğuz Akın
Published: September 2018

Progressive collapse is defined as the spread of an initial local failure of a structure. This phenomenon, caused by the removal of one or more load-bearing element, is followed by a chain of failures through the structure and ultimately leads to partial or even full collapse of an entire structure. As a result, an accurate understanding of structural behavior subjected to large displacements, caused by progressive collapse, is essential to ensure a safe structural design. A progressive collapse in buildings often starts with the removal of one or more columns and continues with the collapse of adjoining structural elements. Experimental studies on progressive collapse are generally not recommended because of its cost and safety reasons. Today, as a result of progress in computer technology, more complicated problems can be investigated numerically. In this study, a numerical model is used for nonlinear analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame behavior subjected to progressive collapse. It is obtained that there is a good agreement between the results with those of the experimental study given in the literature. According to the results, it can be predicted numerically the response of an RC frame to progressive collapse at a highly accurate level.
Observation of the Effect of Gender on Children’s Concept of Motion; Sustainability Issue
Authors: Dam-o Punsiri , Gondek Joanna , Karbowiak Michał , Wibig Tadeusz
Published: September 2018

Determination of the parameters of the movement of surrounding objects, and in particular their speed, is one of the basic skills of a human being. The study of development of basic concepts of motion has been done for years with different methods and in different contexts. We have analyzed the effect of the physical/scientific image of the world introduced to children by school education and its long- and short-term cognitive consequences. Our studies showed that children differentiate the concept of speed into two more specific concepts: average speed and instantaneous velocity. In the present work we present how the gender context is superimposed on this general picture. We found that initial, genuine pre-school concept of speed of girls and boys is, on average, different. Our analysis shows also that this gender effect vanishes quickly together with the appearance of physical definitions of kinematical quantities in physics/science curricula. We discuss also methodological aspect of the statistical ‘gender gap’ measure and we calculated the gender effect chance probability, p-value, to be slightly less than 0.001. The importance of observed effect for the sustainable science teaching processes is discussed.
A Framework and a Web Application for Self-assessment of Sustainable Green ICT Practices in SMEs
Authors: Khan Farniba , Porras Jari
Published: September 2018

Green ICT has received significant attention in organizations to reduce global warming since last decade. Several maturity models have been proposed for tracking green ICT practices in organizations. Current literature shows that SMEs around the world try to follow some common strategies such as virtualization, consolidation of devices, energy efficiency and disposal of ICT equipment for greening ICT. The increasing interest for green ICT practices in organizations is not only due to the desire to attain environment-friendly atmosphere but mainly because of sustaining business goals such as cost reduction, competitive advantages and stakeholders’ pressure. Nevertheless, due to the lack of green ICT knowledge, organizations, specially SMEs, tend to ignore those practices. Therefore, this research proposes a framework that provides combination of existing green and sustainable ICT maturity models by mapping them with the strategies the businesses are already following. Out of this framework, a web application has been developed that provides questionnaire for SMEs to identify their present situation of green ICT practices and guidelines for improvement. The results have been analyzed by testing the application in some SMEs of Finland and Bangladesh. Finally, a survey has been conducted to attain SMEs’ perception about the possibility of sustainable development of businesses through this application.
Selective Uropathogenic E. coli Detection using Crossed Surface Relief Gratings
Authors: Nair Srijit , Gomez-Cruz Juan , Manjarrez-Hernandez Angel , Ascanio Gabriel , Sabat Ribal Georges , Escobedo Carlos
Published: September 2018

Given the rise in the number of cases and their recurrences, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are one of the major burdens on public healthcare worldwide. Rapid, inexpensive and selective detection of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), a major contributor to UTIs, is the need of the hour for effective treatment, given the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to improper diagnosis. Here we present a rapid, real-time, selective and label-free detection of UPEC using an integrated sensing platform based on Crossed Surface Relief Gratings (CSRGs) as nanoplasmonic sensors. Detection is achieved due to the unique Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based light energy exchange attributed to the CSRGs, allowing real-time sensing in a very narrow bandwidth of the incident light to pass where the SPR energy conversion occurs. The sensing ability of the platform is experimentally demonstrated by the detection of bulk Refractive Index (RI) changes, with a bulk sensitivity of 382.2 nm/RIU and a resolution in the order of 10-6 RIU. We demonstrate selective capture and detection of clinical concentration of UPEC, as opposed to other gram-negative bacteria, in real-time, a first for CSRGs. This work is particularly important for effective treatment of UTIs, allowing point-of-care diagnosis for economically disadvantaged regions around the world.
Orientation Compensation of an Inchworm Stage with Optical Navigation
Authors: Torii Akihiro ,   Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan, Mitsuyoshi Yuta , Mototani Suguru , Doki Kae
Published: September 2018

The orientation compensation of a three-degrees-of-freedom inchworm stage with optical navigation is described. As the stage does not use any guide or preload, a closed loop feedback control system is employed to retain the accurate orientation of the stage. The stage consists of piezoelectric actuators (piezos) for thrusting and electromagnets for positioning. A non-excited electromagnet is moved by the deformation of piezos, and excited electromagnets retain their positions. However, a weak electromagnetic force prevents the stage from retaining its accurate position. In addition, a friction force reduces the displacement of the non-excited electromagnet. Therefore, the orientation of the stage is measured using a light source and an optical detector, and the deformation of the piezos is controlled. The orientation error is reduced by using optical navigation.
TOKSISITAS DAN AKTIVITAS REPELLEN EKSTRAK DAUN TITONIA TERHADAP KUTU PUTIH
Authors: Widyastuti Rahma , Susanti Dian , Wijayanti Retno
Published: September 2018

Titonia (Tithonia diversifolia) is a wild species commonly found in the medium to high altidudes. Titonia leaves contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, and tannins that can act as a botanical fungicide and insecticides, antifeedant, as well as antioviposition. The bioactive content in the titonia leaf can be used to control whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii), the important insect pest of iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides). The research was conducted to determine the toxicity and repellency of tithonia leaf extracts against whiteflies. Tithonia leaf was extracted with infundation method using water as a solvent.  The study was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with concentrations of tithonia leaves extract was 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg.l-1, repeated five times. The toxicity was tested by spraying water extract of T. diversifolia leaves on whiteflies (0.5 ml/adult insect). After 60 minutes of application, the whiteflies then were inserted into a chamber containing P. scutellarioides. The repellency was examined by multiple choice method using four P. scutellarioides plants sprayed with water extract of T. diversifolia leaves (250 ml/plant). The observation on toxicity performed everyday for seven days, while the repellency was observed for 48 hours. The extracts water of T. diversifolia leaf 4 mg.l-1 was toxic to whiteflies as contact poison with LC50 was 3.192 mg.l-1 and LT50 was 4.169 days. Moreover, concentration of 0.5 mg.l-1 was effective as repellent for whiteflies. Botanical insecticide containing water extract of T. diversifolia leaves can be used to prevent and control whiteflies attack on P. scutellarioides.
A prática das oficinas terapêuticas aplicadas ao Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no Vale do Jequitinhonha
Authors: Matos Nadaby De Oliveira , Caldeira Ana Luísa De Paulo , Lima Antonio Moacir de Jesus
Published: September 2018

Trata-se de um relato de experiência de acadêmicos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem como monitores das oficinas terapêuticas e no horizonte que se abre no contexto do tratamento psiquiátrico por meio da realização das mesmas. As oficinas ocorreram no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Renascer, na região dovale do Jequitinhonha em Minas Gerais, e se caracterizaram como agentes potencializadores da reinserção social, buscando sempre estabelecer a autonomia dos usuários, estímulo do autocuidado e interação com o processo medicamentoso e psicoterápico do tratamento adotado.
STUDY OF DENDRITIC CELL MIGRATION USING CELL-IQ ANALYSIS SYSTEM
Authors: Nekhaeva T. L. , Danilova A. B. , Baldueva I. A.
Published: September 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) belong to specialized pool of antigen-presenting cells with high functional plasticity and manifest with immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive potential  depending on sequence and combination of microenvironment stimuli, which determine their  differentiation, maturation and activation. The use of antitumor DCs vaccines is based  on the ability of DCs specifically activated in vitro migrate for antigen presentation to T- lymphocytes. We studied the components of the tumor microenvironment that are capable of inhibiting DCs migration. The study of the mobility of DCs in Cell-IQ experimental  analytical system showed the presence of an inverse correlation of high strength between  the average trajectory speed and the level  of immunosuppressive factors (ISFs) in  supernatants of cultured skin melanoma cells (TGFβ1, IL-10, IL-18, VEGF-A, EGF, FGF, HGF,  sFASL (p<0.01). An inverse relation of high force was found between the movement angle of the DCs population and the expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) and other tumor- associated antigens (TAAs) on tumor cells (Melan A, tyrosinase, families of MAGE, BAGE, NY- ESO-1 (p<0.01)). The speed of DCs movement in culture system with melanoma cells #894  was 30.10±2.23 μm/h and differed from that in the presence of IL-10 1 ng/ml (10.45±0.52  μm/h), TGFβ1 10 ng/ml (14.32±0.42 μm/h), VEGF 50 ng/ml (18.7±1.89 μm/h) (p<0.05).  One can assume that content of this ISFs in the blood is one of the factors determining clinical efficacy of DCs immune therapy.
INDUCTION OF EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN MCF-7-SNAI1 CELLS LEADS TO REORGANIZATION OF ADHERENS JUNCTIONS AND ACQUISITION OF MIGRATORY ACTIVITY
Authors: Zhitnyak I. Y. , Litovka N. I. , Rubtsova S. N. , Gloushankova N. A.
Published: September 2018

Using DIC and confocal microscopy, changes in morphology, migratory characteristics and adherence junctions (AJs) were analyzed in the mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7-SNAI1  after activation of the EMT transcription factor SNAI1. Western Blot analysis showed that  after removal of tetracycline from the cell culture medium expression of SNAI1 reached its  peak in 24 hours and then plateaued for 7 days. During the 7 days the cells continued to  express E-cadherin; however, tangential AJs typical for cells with stable cell-cell adhesion,  changed into radial AJs. The radial AJs continued to accumulate E-cadherin during 24‑72  hours after tetracycline removal. As a result of SNAI1 activation, the cells underwent  epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and became migratory. On a two-dimensional  substrate, cells exhibited both individual and collective migration. As the tetracycline  washout period progressed, the fraction of the cells capable of migrating through migration chamber membranes increased; on the contrary, cells’ ability to invade an epithelial  monolayer decreased. These results demonstrate that retaining a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal  phenotype and accumulation of E-cadherin in AJs during early stages of EMT do not impede  disruption of stable cell-cell adhesion and cells’ acquisition of migratory activity.
COLON AND RECTAL CANCER ARE DIFFERENT TUMOR ENTITIES ACCORDING TO EPIDEMIOLOGY, CARCINOGENESIS, MOLECULAR- AND TUMOR BIOLOGY, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION: PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Jafarov S. , Link K. H.
Published: September 2018

Introduction.Colon and rectal cancer (CC, RC) are different entities from a clinical and tumor biological point of view. Up to now, both, CC and RC, are synonymously called  “Colorectal Cancer” (CRC). With our experience in basic and clinical research and routine  work in this field we now have come to the opinion, that the term “CRC” should definitely be questioned, and if justified, be abandoned.

Materials/Methods.We analyzed the actual available data from the literature and our own  results from the Ulm based study group FOGT to proof or reject our hypothesis.

Results.The following evident differences were recognized: Anatomically, the risk to  develop RC is 4× higher than for CC. Molecular changes in carcinogenesis in CC are different from RC. Physical activity helps to prevent CC, not RC. Pathologically there are differences between RC and CC. In addition, there are also major clinical differences  between CC and RC, such as in surgical topography and– procedures, multimodal treatment  (MMT) approaches (RC in MMT is less sensitive to chemotherapy than CC), and prognostic  factors for the spontaneous course and for success of MMT (e.g. TS or DPD ). Discussion. CC ´sand RC´s definitely are different in parameters of causal and formal carcinogenesis, effectivity of primary prevention by physical activity, conventional and  molecular pathology.According to our findings we can demand from the preclinical point of  view that CC and RC are two different tumor entities in terms of various representative  biological characteristics.CC and RC are also differing substantially in many clinical features, as outlined in a separate paper from our group.

Conclusion.“CRC” should no longer be used in basic and clinical research and other fields  of cancer classification as a single disease entity. CC is not the same as RC. CC might even be divided into right and left CC.
Contemporary Public Spaces As Meeting Places
Authors: PALUS Kinga , ZABAWA-KRZYPKOWSKA Joanna
Published: September 2018

Examples presented in the paper are focused on functional and formal elements that have a positive impact on the attractiveness of the use of public space in the city. They show how in different scale and using various architectural and urban elements to create or transform a space that has gained acceptance and responded to the needs of different user groups. The study used methods of observation and comparison of selected examples in different locations in the world and the method of analysis of the sources. Based on observation and analysis of literature the authors have drawn up a list of criteria allowing the assessment of the quality of space with emphasis on the validity of the social aspect.
Passive Systems In Raising Energy Efficiency of Public Utility Buildings – Action Simulations
Authors: WOŁOSZYN Marek A.
Published: September 2018

Public utility buildings are formally, structurally and functionally complex entities. Frequently the process of their design involves retroactive reconsideration of energy engineering issues, once a building concept has already been completed. At that stage minor formal corrections are made along with the design of the external layer of the building, satisfying or even exceeding applicable standards. Architecture students do the same when designing assigned public utility buildings. It can be demonstrated on a few examples that transforming the form, structure and function of a building can significantly affect its energy efficiency. In order to prove such a thesis the following assumption was made: both prior to and following the incorporation of changes, the analysed building features external layers of the same thermal insulating. Thus, the building is fitted with external envelopes of the same coefficients of thermal transmittance – U. The following aspects needed to be examined in the analysed buildings: the location in relation to the directions of the world, in order to open it to the insolation from the south and to maximally close it from the north, to improve the function layout in order to enable room temperate zoning, to use passive systems of solar energy gain (direct, indirect and compilation gain systems) from the southern side and to design the control of warm and cool air masses in the building.
Preventing Irregularity Effects of Infills Through Modifying Architectural Drawings
Authors: NOORIFARD Azadeh , TABESHPOUR Mohammad Reza , SARADJ Fatemeh Mehdizadeh
Published: September 2018

Experiences of past earthquakes show that some designed and constructed buildings by engineers have been damaged during earthquakes because of negative effects of infill walls. The main aim of this paper is to prevent the amount of overall detrimental effects of infill walls such as torsion and soft story in a conventional residential building based on seismic codes of some countries and to use the maximum potential of walls. The results show that building in construction condition may suffer torsion because infills which are not modelled in design process are attached to the structure in construction phase. Contrary to the initial impression that there is a soft story in municipal buildings because of parking on ground floor, in buildings with architectural plan similar to the analyzed one, soft story would not happen. Furthermore, this case study proves that it is possible to prevent irregularity effects of infills through modifying architectural drawings without fundamental changes in concept, functional and aesthetic aspects. For modifying architectural drawings an algorithm is proposed in this research.
The Influence of Water Matrix On The Separation of Bisphenol A With Low And High Pressure Driven Membrane Techniques
Authors: DUDZIAK Mariusz , BURDZIK-NIEMIEC Edyta
Published: September 2018

The unrestricted access to clean and inexpensive water is perceived as one of the most basic humanitarian objectives; however, it still remains a challenge in 21st century due to many factors such as constantly increasing pollution of surface water. One of the remedies for this situation might be so called in-depth municipal waste water treatment. The objective of this paper was to examine the efficacy of the pressure-driven membrane filtration (ultra- and nanofiltration) to remove bisphenol A from a variety of environmental matrices including real effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. The process of pressure-driven membrane filtration was realized through dead-end flow filtration with the use of different commercial membranes. It has been proved that bisphenol A retention coefficient depended both on the process type and the physical and chemical properties of the membrane applied. The type of water matrix was also significant. It has been determined that efficient bisphenol A removal is possible only in the process of nanofiltration. However, in this case the selection of an appropriate membrane is of a great importance because of the physical and chemical parameters that determine both separation properties and the intensity of adverse reactions that accompany pressure-driven filtration processes.
Application of Hierarchical Analysis Method To Design The Structural Partitions With Different Material And Structural Solutions For Window Glazing
Authors: NOWOŚWIAT Artur , LESZCZYŃSKA Monika
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to use AHP method to analyze seven types of windows in terms of cost-effectiveness of their designing in building partitions. The analysis referred to price as well as thermal and acoustic insulation for various construction and material solutions of window glazing. Using the analysis it was verified what windows are profitable to be used for various structural solutions in the existing buildings and how the thermal and acoustic coefficient is shaped at given structural solutions. Currently employed requirements for technical parameters of window and door frames adopted in regulations and standards are firmly tightened, including one saying that, since 1.01.2014 heat transfer coefficient for the window cannot be higher than 1.3 W/(m2K), (Polish requirement) which is why all producers’ offers analyzed in this study have high standard technical features. of course, among them there are better and worse offers, but each of them is sufficient in the light of the provisions and standards. That is why the work uses the price per set of two windows as a decisive and most essential criterion. The employed research method involves selecting windows available on the market with different thermal, acoustic parameters and price, and then using the AHP method the best solution was chosen for a wide variety of structural walls significantly different in heat transfer coefficient. The result of the work is to determine the windows parameters applied for a variety of wall constructions.
Chronopotentiometric Characterization of Electrodialysis Module
Authors: KOTER Stanisław , GÜLER Çağlar , KOTER Izabela
Published: September 2018

Classical and chronopotentiometric characterization of the electrodialysis module at the same concentrations of diluate and concentrate was performed. Limiting current was determined from the Cowan-Brown plot, the current efficiency and the mean transport number of counterions – from the concentration changes on the exit of the ED module. The electric resistance was determined from the chronopotentiometric curve. For electric currents higher than the limiting one, the transition time (inflection point) was observed. Thus, having such curves for different values of electric current, the limiting current can be roughly estimated. To estimate a mean counterion transport number from the transition time, an equation, analogous to the Sand equation, should be developed which include both types of membrane.
Prediction of The Chromium (III) Separation From Acidic Salt Solutions On Nanofiltration Membranes Using Donnan And Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) Model
Authors: KOWALIK-KLIMCZAK Anna , ZALEWSKI Mariusz , GIERYCZ Paweł
Published: September 2018

This paper presents experimental and modelling analysis of the application of nanofiltration for separation of chromium (III) from acidic salt solution. In the studies commercial nanofiltration HL membrane has been used. The experimental results have been interpreted by, based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation, Donnan and Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) model. The obtained results showed satisfactory agreement between experimental and modelling data for the pressure range 10-24 bar and different concentrations of chloride and sulfate ions. It means that the DSP model may be helpful for the monitoring of nanofiltration applied to treatment of chromium wastewater.
Changes of The Eu And Polish Legislation Concerning Pollution of The Aquatic Environment In 2010–2016
Authors: SMUDA Krystian , DUDZIAK Mariusz
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the changes to the legislation on pollution of the aquatic environment in 2010–2016, including priority and hazardous substances. Both EU regulations (Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, Directive 2008/105/EC, Directive 2013/39/EU) and Polish (Journal of Laws Ordinance of 2014 Item 1800) were discussed and evaluated. Additionally, an outlook for further changes concerning pollution of the aquatic environment is given.
The Use of High Moisture Sewage Sludge In The Chp Unit Integrated With Biomass Drying And Gasification
Authors: UCHMAN Wojciech , JOB Marcin , SKOREK-OSIKOWSKA Anna
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the evaluation of the possibility of the use of a biomass with high moisture content in a cogeneration plant with gas piston engine. The dried sewage sludge-derived syngas is used as a fuel. Sewage sludge are characterized by about 70 wt% of moisture content after the dewatering process. The drying process which is applied as the next step requires great amount of energy. For this reason the thermal integration of the drying process with a piston engine which produce a significant amount of waste heat is proposed. The legal situation of the sewage sludge treatment is briefly explained. The thermodynamic analysis of the cogeneration plant based on the gas piston engine integrated with drying and gasification units was conducted. The models of individual components of the system were developed using Engineering Equation Solver and MS Excel software. The maximum moisture of the fuel acceptable for the autonomic operation of the plant is calculated. The influence of the plant’s scale for the acceptable moisture content in the biomass is studied. The analyzes revealed, that the waste heat from the engine is not sufficient for the drying unit. The operation of cogeneration plant requires an additional source of energy or drying the sewage sludge in an independent installation to moisture content about 50-55%.
Daylighting In Sustainable Interior Design of Offices
Authors: CELADYN Magdalena
Published: September 2018

The paper presents issues concerning realization of paradigm of sustainable design in the achitectural design of offices. Special attention is given to relevant technical, formal and functional solutions, being the domain of interior architects creating the built environments of adequate indoor quality with substantial reduction of negative impact on natural environment. Presented sustainable architectural interiors, completed in the last decade, have gained cerificates established by independent scientific institutions, assuring their accordance with exigencies of rating systems. The paper analyzes the formal methods of proper space planning, which assure high indoor environment quality parameters for the end users of office interiors in terms of optimum daylighyting of workstations and recreational areas as well as workers’ visual contact with natural valuable surroundings. These requirements can be satisfactorily met by properly shaped inner space elements including partitions, ceilings, space-dividing structures as well as rational and effective use of finishing and building materials. Technical and technological devices incorporated into the inner space mentioned in the paper are supposed to be essential complement of these design methods assuring proper daylight transmission and distribution in workspaces. Discussed examples indicate the necessity of collaboration of interior architects with other professionals and consultants (i.e. green building accredited consultants), whose design contributions should be accepted and respected. Integrated interior design process assured fulfilment of imperatives for sustainable architectural design of interiors.
Senior Cohousing In Cross-Cutting Research
Authors: LABUS Agnieszka
Published: September 2018

This paper concerns the issues of senior cohousing with a particular emphasis on the residents’ gender. Senior cohousing is an alternative way of living for older people in the 21th century. It is referred to as a community or cooperative, which is created by people aged 50+, who have already retired and those professionally active, who, for various reasons, want to live with people with similar views and co-decide about what their living environment looks like. Literature review shows the slight scope of the conducted studies on senior cohousing, in particular with regard to gender. The research methodology in this paper is based on the literature analysis, review of the current literature and own experiences from the participation in a workshops about cohousing, as well as experiences from the study visits in cohousing groups in the US and UK. The author of this paper has used the historical-interpretative method in the conducted studies, what resulted in the identification of the gender and age “lens” over the years in senior cohousing. This knowledge can be used in the future as the base to carry out the empirical research on concrete examples of the cohousing building.
Analysis of Oscillatory Motion of Sin Girders With Semirigid Joints
Authors: BASIŃSKI Witold
Published: September 2018

n girders with corrugated web, semirigid joints alter damping and vibrational frequency, which indirectly produces a change in the integrated stiffness of girders K, thus diversifying the magnitude of displacement amplitudes of forced vibration [4, 5, 6]. On the basis of investigations relying on the method of vibration measurements, rotational stiffness of semirigid end-plate connections was determined [2, 3]. Using two viscoelastic material models, namely the Voigt–Kelvin and the Hook–Voigt–Kelvin ones, an analysis of oscillatory motion of the eight SIN WTA 500/300×15 girders with semirigid joints at the midspan of concern was made. The pattern of displacement amplitude of forced vibration was analysed. The effect of variation in rotational stiffness of connections Sj on integrated stiffness of girders K and on damping was shown.
Analysis of Selected Methods Used For The Reverberation Time Estimation
Authors: OLECHOWSKA Marcelina , ŚLUSAREK Jan
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a comparison of the reverberation time of two boxed rooms considered in two variants. The purpose of the paper is the comparison of the reverberation time measurements results with the results obtained of the available equations and simulation in the ODEON software. The differences between the applicable models and computer simulation and measurement were analyzed. The determined values of the residual analysis were used to develop the rules for granting points to formulas or acoustic simulation. On this basis the choice of the best formula or acoustic simulation for a given octave frequency compared with the measured value was made.
Displacements of Cable-Stayed Bridge Measured With The Use of Traditional And Modern Techniques
Authors: SALAMAK Marek , OWERKO Tomasz , ŁAZIŃSKI Piotr
Published: September 2018

The paper describes an experiment involving a comparison of a few selected techniques for measuring the displacements of points on the span and pylon of the large cable-stayed bridge. It presents the measuring equipment and the process of static and dynamic tests. The results obtained from several measuring methods including the interferometric radar were compared and summarised. The experiment showed that in the case of large bridges, like tested cable-stayed structure, the best method is non-contact measurements like interferometric radar which is the least sensitive to the distance from a target. It allows the use of higher sampling frequency and at the same time requires relatively little preparation work.
Diffusion And Osmosis In Potassium Nitrate Synthesis By Electrodialysis Metathesis
Authors: JAROSZEK Hanna , DYDO Piotr
Published: September 2018

The experimental results of the chosen salts permeation with selected heterogeneous and homogenous membranes were analysed as a part of modelling of mass transport in electrodialysis metathesis process (ED-M) for synthesis of KNO3. Heterogeneous membranes swelled more in aqueous solutions and they had higher water uptake than homogeneous membranes. Heterogeneous membranes were also more permeable for both the solute and the solvent, which was attributed to higher solubility of salts in heterogeneous membrane’s material. Diffusion coefficients in ion-exchange membranes tested in this study were found to be dependent on concentration of the upstream solution, with an exception of Ca2+ in anion-exchange membranes and NO3- in cation-exchange membranes. The role of osmosis in water transport in ED-M process was found negligible.
Organizing Of Historical And Inactive Urban Cemeteries To Become Tourist Attractions (Case Study: Zahir-Od-Dowleh Cemetery In Tehran)
Authors: Okhovat Hanie
Published: September 2018

This paper is an applied research and the data analysis has been conducted using qualitative and quantitative method. The approach of the study is criticism of forgetting the urban cemetery of Zahir-od-dowleh in north of Tehran aiming at revival of this cultural-historical complex. Therefore, we start the study with a survey on the way of identity revival of the main cemeteries in other countries and changing them to tourism centers. The study will be continued by a texture analysis and using SWOT strategic model. Finally, we will use an organizing approach to change the cemetery into a cultural-historical tourism complex. In this regard, the author has proposed a framework containing seven promotion and organizing goals, including promotion of natural, socio-cultural, economic, management, access, physic-spatial and strategic services, and policy making structures.
Innovative Systems Of Corrugated Shells Rationalizing The Design And Erection Processes For Free Building Forms
Authors: Prokopska Aleksandra , Abramczyk Jacek
Published: September 2018

An innovative method of shaping free architectural forms of buildings and their morphological systems roofed with complex shells made up of folded steel sheets transformed from plane into shell shapes is presented. An interdisciplinary character of the paper results from the diversity and complexity of the considered issues. Complex morphological systems of the buildings formed of integrated multi-segment shell roofs and plane-walled elevations are achieved with the help of the geometrical method. The method demands to create a spatial parametric network composed of many complete tetrahedral compositions so that an architectural form could be consistent, attractive and easily adapted to various boundary conditions including environmental conditions. The net and the algorithm of the method enable rationalizing the design and erection processes. The systems proposed may provide the aesthetic and comfort of the developed built environment. The complexity of the geometrical forms of the buildings and the shape changes of the roof sheets transformed into shell shapes require elaborating complex mathematic formulae and innovative computer programs aiding the process of shaping the free forms.
Use Of Casing Soil From Spent Mushroom Compost For Energy Recovery Purposes In Poland
Authors: Czop Monika , PikoŃ Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Use of spent mushroom substrate (SMC) for energy production appears as a response to the problem with the utilization of this waste throughout the whole year. In the Polish national energy supply system, which is based mainly on hard coal and lignite, use of biomass may contribute to limiting CO2 emissions. The work presents a comparative analysis of the unit emission of CO2, CO, SO2, NOx and particle matter referred to the unit of energy produced from the referenced hard coal, spent mushroom substrate and their mixture prepared for the process of co-combustion. The results from the performed tests proved that the SMC used for the cultivation of mushroom can be called “an ecologic energy carrier” as the CO and CO2 emission indexes are lower than the same indexes for the referenced coal.
Cadmium And Lead Content In The Barrier Dusts Sampled From The Noise Barriers Located Near To PoznaŃ (Poland) – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Karbowska Bożena , Sydow Mateusz , Zembrzuski Włodzimierz
Published: September 2018

High levels of heavy metals in the environment are dangerous for humans due to possible bioaccumulation of such contaminants by edible plants and herbivores. In this study, total content of cadmium and lead in the barrier dusts sampled from three noise barriers located along E261 expressway in Poland (near Poznań) was determined using flow-injection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (FIA DP-ASV). The results indicate that total content of the studied metals ranged from 0.09 to 0.6 mg kg-1 (in relation to cadmium) and from 11.873 to 38.193 mg kg-1 (in relation to lead) and depended on the structure of the barriers (i.e. their length) and height of the sampling point. The highest metal contents were detected in samples originated from lower sections (0.0-0.5 m) of the longest noise barrier (1700 m). The results indicate the need for a continuous monitoring of heavy metal contents in the barrier dusts and surrounding agricultural soils.
A Non-Linear Shaped Architecture In Urban Space
Authors: Januszkiewicz Krystyna , Kowalski Karol G.
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with the modernization and adaptation to the new features of existing objects in the urban fabric. In the twenty-first century the digital design tools, which are interfaced with the production of computer technology, have opened the new opportunities that not only are shaping the architectural objects, but also interferencing in the buildings’ structures. The selected objects are examined, which have been implemented in the European cities centers, and the new design approaches, which are taken to induce the new strong interactive effects, are indicated. The analyzed objects are: the Extention of German Historical Museum (1997–2004) in Berlin, the Weltstadthaus (2003–2005) in Cologne, the King Cross Station (2005–2012) in London, the Palazzo Unione Militare (2010–2013) in Rome, the headquarters of the Pathé Foundation (2006–2014) in Paris. Each of the enumerated examples shows a diverse approach to designing, and what combines them is the use of the digital tools especially the topological ones in the constructing the parametric forms, which reflect the age of digital technologies and the information society.
Ergonomics Of Laboratory Rooms – Case Studies Based On The Geotechnical Laboratories At The Silesian University Of Technology
Authors: WINNICKA-JASŁOWSKA Dorota , JASTRZĘBSKA Małgorzata , TYMKIEWICZ Joanna
Published: September 2018

The paper is the first, introductory part to the description of an interdisciplinary research project in the modernization of laboratories at The Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology. The scope of the paper is to disseminate the current state of knowledge of ergonomics and issues involved in the technology of laboratory processes, describing the methodology of experiments carried out in geotechnical laboratories, their equipment and spatial requirements in view of the users – research staff. The course and results of the pre-design studies are presented in: PRE-DESIGN STUDIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MODERNIZATION OF GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORIES
Silesian Conurbation As A Polycentric Structure Of Urban Districts
Authors: Stangel Michał , CieliŃska Agnieszka , Harat Łukasz
Published: September 2018

The Silesian conurbation consists of cities, which in many aspects function as one metropolitan organism. This paper is an attempt to characterise the structure of the Silesian conurbation not as composed of cities, but as a system of districts, in the context of the theory of polycentric systems and the importance of quarters for modern urban areas. The authors present a model of the Silesian Conurbation as a set of quarters of various characteristics: housing estates, local centres, industrial districts, etc. The transition from the conurbation into quarters is discussed and the search for elements that combine and bind the quarters space with external elements in view of social and spatial structures. Within such structures, a description of a typical urban quarter – Rokitnica in Zabrze is given, together with a concept of the revitalization of a local quarter centre. The elaborations were prepared within the study subjects “Urban Revitalization and Regeneration” and “Regional Planning” at the Faculty of Architecture, Silesian University of Technology (course coordinator: Professor Krzysztof Gasidło, teacher: Michał Stangel).
Reliability Analysis Of Rigid Pile Caps Using An Iterative Strut-And-Tie Model
Authors: AraÚjo José Milton de
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work is to present a new strut-and-tie model for design of rigid pile caps based on the concept of magnified area under the column. In this magnified area, compressive stresses have been reduced enough not to cause crushing of the struts. An iterative algorithm is used to determine the required depth of the magnified area. The model considers both failure by crushing of the compressed struts and by yielding of the tie reinforcement. A large number of experimental results available in the literature is used to test the model. The partial safety factors method is employed for pile caps design and structural safety is evaluated by means of the reliability index. The small failure probability, estimated through the reliability index, demonstrates the safety of the proposed method. A numerical example of practical use of the model is also presented.
Acoustic Evaluation Of A New Modular System For Green Roofs And Green Walls
Authors: Manso Maria , Castro-Gomes João Paulo , Marchacz Michal , GÓrski Marcin , Dulak Leszek , Zuchowski Rafal
Published: September 2018

Environmental noise is a major problem that affects citizen’s health and comfort mainly in densely populated urban areas. There are some ways to reduce environmental noise pollution through the use of materials with good acoustic insulation properties in buildings envelope. Recent studies have shown that green surfaces, e.g. in the form of green roofs and green walls, can contribute to decrease noise levels.

The aim of this research is to identify how factors such as substrate and plants, variety and height of plants, affect the sound absorption of a modular system for green surfaces in simulated conditions. The results show that introduction substrate (S2) can improve the weighted sound absorption coefficient in 15% and the addition of plants (S3) improves it 20% more. However, if a variety of smaller and higher plants is used (S4) the weighted sound absorption coefficient (αw) can reach to 0.80 and an absorption class B can be obtained.
Effect Of Metakaolin Developed From Local Natural Material Soorh On Workability, Compressive Strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity And Drying Shrinkage Of Concrete
Authors: Saand Abdullah , Keerio Manthar Ali , Bangwar Daddan khan
Published: September 2018

The utilization of pozzolanic materials like metakaolin (MK) in cement mortar and concrete is growing in construction industry all around the world to reduce the CO2 release into the atmosphere and reduce energy consumption. This study instigates the performance of concrete containing locally developed metakaolin in terms of workability, unit weight, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage of concrete. The Portland cement (PC) is replaced by inclusion of developed local metakaolin (calcined Soorh at 800°C for 2 hours duration) with dosages range; 5% to 25% with increment of 5% (by weight of cement). The investigation revealed that concrete made with 15% replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with locally developed metakaolin (MK) has significant influance on workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements and drying shrinkage of concrete as compared to OPC concrete.
On-Site Diagnostics Of The Mechanical Ventilation In Office Buildings
Authors: Blaszczok Monika , KrÓl Małgorzata , Hurnik Maria
Published: September 2018

The methodology for inspecting the ventilation system and on-site measurements for office buildings has been proposed under the project “Development of thermal diagnostics of buildings”. The inspections of the ventilation system in two office buildings were conducted. The design documentations were compared with the existing state of the installations. The measurements of the air flow volume, of the temperature of ventilation air and of the volume flow of the heating medium and its temperature were performed. The measurements allowed to determine the power of the heater referring to the heating medium and to the air. On the basis of the inspection and measurements performed, the technical condition of the ventilation system was determined and its utilization in each of the buildings.
CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGES AND LODGES IN HIGH MOUNTAINS BASED ON THE HIMALAYAS
Authors: PAWEŁCZYK Anna
Published: September 2018

The essence of the studies are present-day mountain shelters, lodges that are open for business and the impact of global tourism on their architecture. While analyzing an aspect of living in time and place context, the types of construction objects found there were determined. The spatial layout of mountain villages was submitted for analysis and the distinguishing characteristics of Himalayan shelters were indicated, based on those located in the Mount Everest area. The paper presents potential directions for development of these types of buildings.
RESEARCH ON THE NEW CFRP PRESTRESSING SYSTEM FOR STRENGTHENING OF RC STRUCTURES
Authors: PIĄTEK Bartosz , SIWOWSKI Tomasz
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a research on the new Polish CFRP prestressing system for strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. The system is called Neoxe Prestressing System II (NPS II). NPS II consists of two main elements: a special steel anchorages mounted on both ends of a single CFRP strip and a tensioning device. The anchorage is made of two steel plates. CFRP strip end is fixed between steel plates through bonding by epoxy resin and gripping by bolts. The tensioning device compatible with anchorages can generate maximum prestressing force of 170 kN. The research on NPS II comprised a series of static and fatigue tests on anchorages themselves, system mounted on strengthened beams as well as on-site, i.e. on actual RC bridge. The system has been examined, its efficiency has been confirmed in laboratory and in field tests and now it is ready to use in strengthening purposes.
THAUMASITE NON-SULPHATE ATTACK AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
Authors: SŁOMKA-SŁUPIK Barbara , ZYBURA Adam
Published: September 2018

One of the products of concrete sulphate corrosion, besides gypsum and ettringite, is thaumasite. The thaumasite is a very dangerous, non binding crystalline phase, which is forming at the expense of C-S-H phase. There was a conviction that the conditions required for the formation of thaumasite in concrete are: source of calcium silicate, sulfate ions, carbonate ions and a very wet, cold (below 15°C) environment. The corrosion of concrete caused by the external source of sulphate ions during which thaumasite is formed was called thaumasite sulphate attack (shortly TSA). While the TSA is recognized, the thau- masite non-sulphate attack (T n S A ) must be highlighted, because is also possible. The purpose of this work is to show that thaumasite, or solid solutions of Ett-Th (ettringite with thaumasite) are able to form in hardened cement paste without external source of sulphate ions, at ambient temperature and pressure (25±2°C (298.15 K) and 102±1 kPa). The experiment appeared on thaumasite formation in corroded specimen made of CEM I (Portland cement) and of CEM III (slag cement) after 4 days of immersion in saturated water solution of NH4Cl.