bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity controlled by a segregated network prepared using carbon nanotube/polyamide 6 composite with glass bubbles
Authors: Kang Gu‐Hyeok , Shim Yoon‐Bo , Kim Myungsoo , Park Young‐Bin
Published: June 2023

In this study, a carbon nanotube‐glass bubble/polyamide 6 (CNT‐GB/PA6) multiscale hybrid composite was manufactured. Through a coagulation process including CNT and GB, a segregated network was formed to produce a composite structure with tunable thermal conductivity. Within the segregated network structure, a complex phenomenon of decrease and increase in thermal conductivity owing to the interaction by CNT and GB, and an equation to predict thermal conductivity through the contents of GB and CNT was formulated. A model to predict the thermal conductivity using the RSM analysis was presented, and the contents of GB and CNT were adjusted according to the required thermal conductivity. It was confirmed through the LFA thermal conductivity measurement that the thermal conductivity increased with GB and CNT contents. Moreover, when 30% of GB was added to the 5 wt% CNT composite, the thermal conductivity increased by about 17%. However, in the experiment to confirm the effect of GB alone, it was confirmed that the thermal conductivity decreased as the GB content increased. Thus, the size of the structural path, which was controlled by the GB content through which electrons pass, played an important role in this study. The results of this study can be used in astronautic fields that require insulation to save energy and in construction engineering where thermal insulation and heat emission are important.
Comments on “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification”
Authors: Anaya‐Ramírez R. C. , Rios‐Soberanis C. R. , Herrera‐Franco P. J.
Published: June 2023

In this article authors emphasize, with solid scientific foundations, the relevance of essential work of fracture (EWF) to obtain fracture toughness in natural fiber reinforced composites presented on paper “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification” [Polymer Composites (2023)]. The significance of fiber/matrix interface adhesion relies strongly on chemical interactions, which is of great importance for composite's potential applications. Therefore, fiber surface modification implies a profound study where mechanical behavior must be characterized. Further vital information has been considered in this article to support the results on such studies.
Investigation of the effects of hybridization types and temperature on the quasi‐static indentation properties of glass/flax hybrid composites for various test speeds
Authors: Korkmaz Mehmet , Karakuzu Ramazan
Published: June 2023

Hybridizing man‐made fiber composites with natural fibers has been chosen for numerous structural or semi‐structural applications over the last several decades. Even though several studies have been conducted to determine the mechanical properties of inter‐ply hybrid composites, the effects of hybridization on the out‐of‐plane mechanical properties of hybrid composites still need to be clarified. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites at low temperatures are another significant matter to be elucidated. In this study, E‐glass and flax yarns were used to produce woven fabrics to obtain intra‐ and inter‐ply hybrid composites. They were then subjected to the quasi‐static indentation test at −30°C, 25°C, and 60°C. It was concluded that, according to the hybridization type, an improvement or decrease can be obtained in the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The contact force and energy absorption properties of pure glass composite could be increased at 8.88% and 3.87% proportions respectively, thanks to the intra‐ply hybrid composite‐1 in the study. Furthermore, the through‐thickness properties and damage mechanisms of hybrid composites were profoundly affected by the temperature.
A new strategy for improvement of interface and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by grafting graphene oxide onto carbon fiber with hyperbranched polymers via thiol‐ene click chemistry
Authors: Xiong Min , Xiong Lei , Xiong Kun , Liu Fang
Published: June 2023

For the purpose of improving the interface and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, a new strategy was proposed to graft the graphene oxide (GO) onto carbon fiber (CF) surface fast and effectively via thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction using vinyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (VHBP) as bridging agent. The successful synthesis of the CF‐VHBP‐GO hybrid reinforcement was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The simultaneous introduction of GO and hyperbranched polymers changed the fiber surface morphology and improved the wettability and surface energy of CF. Judging from the results of the micro‐droplet test, the interfacial shear strength for epoxy (EP) based composite reinforced with CF‐VHBP‐GO was significantly increased by 137.8% compared to untreated CF/EP composite owing to the synergistic effect of VHBP and GO. In addition, the tensile and flexural strength for CF‐VHBP‐GO/EP composite were improved by 47.6% and 65.8%, respectively, compared to untreated CF/EP composite, respectively. This work offers a promising technique for developing high‐performance CF composites with excellent interface properties.
Experimental evaluation on the synergistic effect of PC/ABS/DGEBA blend in fracture toughness enhancement of CFRP composites at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Jayarajan Aravind , Krishnan Kutty Elsy Bai Reby Roy
Published: June 2023

The current study confirms that modified carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have higher fracture toughness than unmodified CFRP composites achieved by exploiting the synergistic effect of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend in toughening the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. The CFRP composite specimens are tested at near cryogenic temperatures using TMA, DMA, and microcrack analysis to determine the best‐suited concentration of ABS in the PC/ABS blend. TMA and DMA results, as well as microcrack analysis at cryogenic temperatures (CT), confirm that the blend 90/10 is effective in reducing the brittle nature of DGEBA resin and increasing bond strength, resulting in the fracture toughness enhancement of CFRP specimens at CT. Further investigation of 90/10 modified CFRP (90/10 m‐CFRP) and unmodified CFRP specimens using Mode II fracture using ENF test and SEM analysis reveal significant reduction in brittle characteristics of matrix with increase in elongation at failure and fracture surface morphologies confirm nano web‐like structures bridging the CF layers, proving to improve fiber/matrix bond strength. This study concludes the effectiveness of hybrid PC/ABS blend in synergistically‐modifying DGEBA resin for improved fracture toughness of CFRP laminates across a wide temperature range (−150°C to 150°C).
A rare case of isolated right atrial enlargement and TBX5 mutation associated with Holt–Oram syndrome
Authors: Kikano Sandra D. , Belay Wubishet , Kavanaugh‐McHugh Ann
Published: June 2023

Holt–Oram syndrome or atriodigital dysplasia is commonly associated with cardiac malformations, most often with defects of the muscular septum. We describe the case of a fetus referred for fetal cardiology evaluation in the setting of right atrial enlargement without tricuspid valve abnormalities with small muscular VSDs, and without other significant cardiac lesions. On serial fetal echocardiograms, isolated right atrial enlargement was persistent as was relative fetal bradycardia without apparent AV block or other signs of abnormal conduction. Limb or other anatomic abnormalities were also not visualized on prenatal scans. A postnatal diagnosis of Holt–Oram Syndrome was made. In the setting of isolated right atrial enlargement, we suggest a comprehensive sonographic search for upper limb abnormalities as well as genetic evaluation.
Prenatal testing for Imprinting Disorders: A clinical perspective
Authors: Dufke Andreas , Eggermann Thomas , Kagan Karl Oliver , Hoopmann Markus , Elbracht Miriam
Published: June 2023

Imprinting Disorders (ImpDis) are a group of congenital conditions caused by aberrant imprinting resulting in disturbed expression of parentally imprinted genes. ImpDis are rarely associated with major malformations, but pre‐ and/or postnatal growth and nutrition are often affected. In some ImpDis, behavioral, developmental, metabolic and neurological symptoms might present in the perinatal context or later in life, and in single ImpDis, there is a higher risk of tumors in childhood. Prognosis depends in part on the molecular cause of each ImpDis, but due to high clinical variability and (epi)genetic mosaicism, predicting the clinical outcome of a pregnancy solely based on the underlying molecular disturbance is difficult. Therefore, interdisciplinary care and treatment approaches play an important role in the management and decision making of affected pregnancies, especially taking into account fetal imaging in addition to genetic findings. Prenatal findings influence perinatal management, and thereby improve the prognosis of ImpDis associated with severe but sometimes transient clinical complications in the neonatal period. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis can be crucial for appropriate management not only to the pregnancy itself but might also have a life‐long effect.
Experimental investigation of fibroin content in polymethyl methacrylate‐based membranes for removal of heavy metals in aqueous solutions
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Usman , Mehdi Muhammad Shozab , Zaman Shafiq Uz , Younas Mohammad , Ullah Hezb , Aqif Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Membrane technology has recently been given extensive consideration for the treatment of effluent to remove suspended solids, organic compounds and inorganic contaminants such as heavy metals. The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and test membranes made of silk fibroin (SF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend with different wt% ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%), respectively. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion scheme using water as non‐solvent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to find chemical interactions between polymer matrix and fibroin. The mechanical property of synthesized membranes was also carried out. The surface roughness, and finger‐like pore geometry developed by impregnation of fibroin filler in membrane matrix were depicted by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Surface porosity improved from 4.5% ± 1.9% to 30.0% ± 2.8%, water contact angle reduced from 68° ± 3.0° to 38° ± 1.2°, and highest pure water permeation value (31 L m−2 h−1) was obtained with the addition of fibroin loading. The membrane showed a greater affinity for Cr(VI) in comparison with Pb(II). The highest % rejection was evaluated to be 83% and 56% for Cr(VI), and Pb(II) by utilizing 1.70 wt% fibroin filler in membrane composition, respectively.
Registration of ‘PVL02’ rice
Authors: Angira Brijesh , Linscombe Steven D. , Webster Eric P. , Harrell Dustin L. , Groth Donald E. , Zaunbrecher Richard E. , Dartez Valerie , Williams Brady , Theunissen Brent , Bearb Karen , Famoso Adam
Published: June 2023

‘PVL02’ (Reg. no. CV‐158, PI 691607), a Provisia (BASF) long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and approved for release in 2019. PVL02 is the second rice cultivar released as part of the Provisia Rice System with resistance to Provisia herbicide, containing the active ingredient quizalofop‐p‐ethyl, an AACase (Group 1) herbicide. PVL02 was derived from the cross ‘Cheniere’/BASF1‐5 and advanced as an F2:3 row based on agronomic characteristics. Testing in the Provisia preliminary yield trial in 2014 and the Provisia multi‐location test in 2015 indicated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, PVL02 was evaluated in 26 replicated trials across seven locations in Louisiana. Four high‐yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Jupiter’, ‘CL153’, ‘Cheniere’, and ‘PVL01’. The grain yield of PVL02 was 8.2 t ha−1 compared with 9.2 t ha−1 for Jupiter, 8.6 t ha−1 for CL153, 8.5 t ha−1 for Cheniere, and 7.6 t ha−1 for PVL01. PVL02 was taller than the checks. The milled grain length was shorter than typical long grains, with a length‐to‐width ratio of 2.81. It has a typical US long‐grain rice cooking quality with intermediate amylose and gel temperature. PVL02 is moderately susceptible to sheath blight, Cercospora spp., and leaf blast and susceptible to bacterial panicle blight.
Asset integrity management in mature process plants
Authors: de Souza Matheus Giulia , Correia Juberto R. , Morais Tatiana B. , Vazzoler Alex
Published: June 2023

Several plants in Brazil have mature assets or use equipment that comes from decommissioned facilities. In addition, the culture of process safety in Brazil is an under‐researched topic that has only recently begun to attract corporate attention. Since catastrophic accidents are not very common, any accident related to the process can result in very large losses in terms of damage to equipment and loss of human and social capital. In mature process plants, these issues are even more sensitive because their organization may not yet have developed an effective integrity management program. Nevertheless, it is a proven fact that the assets of these plants are often nearing the end of their residual lifetime. Therefore, the present work aims to develop a high‐level checklist to evaluate the mechanical integrity and identify possible failures in the integrity management of vessels and tanks, based in good engineering practices, Regulatory Standard 13 (NR 13), API 579‐1/ASME FFS‐1, API RP 580, API RP 581, HSE (Health and Safety Executive) requirements, and other relevant standards as references. The checklist ts divided into six sections, namely (1) Brazilian Regulatory Standard 13 (NR 13); (2) Design and manufacturing; (3) Operation; (4) Management systems; (5) Deterioration mechanism; and (6) Risk‐based inspection, as the most relevant criteria for evaluating the integrity of mature pressure vessels and tanks.
Structural insight into Bacillus thuringiensis Sip1Ab reveals its similarity to ETX_MTX2 family beta‐pore‐forming toxin
Authors: Chen Zhe , Shi Yiting , Wang Dongdong , Liu Xiaoyu , Jiao Xuyao , Gao Xiang , Jiang Kun
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Microbially derived, protein‐based biopesticides are an important approach for sustainable pest management. The secreted insecticidal proteins (Sips) produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit potent insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and are, therefore, attractive as candidate biopesticides. However, the modes‐of‐action of Sips are unclear as comprehensive structural information for these proteins is lacking.

RESULTS

Using X‐ray crystallography, we elucidated the structure of monomeric Sip1Ab at 2.28 Å resolution. Structural analyses revealed that Sip1Ab has the three domains and conserved fold characteristic of other aerolysin‐like beta‐pore‐forming toxins (β‐PFTs). Based on the sequence and structural similarities between Sip1Ab and other ETX_MTX2 subfamily toxins, we suggested the mechanism of these proteins and proposed that it is common to them all.

CONCLUSION

The atomic‐level structural data for Sip1Ab generated by the present study could facilitate future structural and mechanistic research on Sips as well as their application in sustainable insect pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa supplementation: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kavyani Zeynab , Musazadeh Vali , Safaei Ehsan , Mohammadi Asmaroud Mina , Khashakichafi Fatemeh , Ahrabi Sana Sedgh , Dehghan Parvin
Published: June 2023

Clinical studies have suggested that Nigella Sativa (N. sativa) supplementation may effectively reduce blood pressure, but the findings are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of N. sativa on blood pressure in adults. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase databases, and Google Scholar were searched till August 2022. To analyze weighted mean differences (WMDs), a random‐effects model was utilized. Nonlinear dose–response analysis and a meta‐regression were conducted. N. sativa supplementation was effective in reducing both systolic (WMD: −3.06 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.89 to −2.22, p < 0.001; I2 = 84.7%, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = −2.69 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.72, −1.66, p < 0.001; I2 = 97.3%, p < 0.001). The current meta‐analysis suggests that N. sativa supplementation can improve blood pressure and claims that N. sativa could be used as an effective approach to blood pressure management.
Current status of genome‐wide epigenetic profiling of mammalian preimplantation embryos
Authors: Ikeda Shuntaro
Published: June 2023

Background

Genome‐wide information on epigenetic modifications in mammalian preimplantation embryos was an unexplored sanctuary of valuable research insights protected by the difficulty of its analysis. However, that is no longer the case, and many epigenome maps are now available for sightseeing there.

Methods

This review overviews the current status of genome‐wide epigenetic profiling in terms of DNA methylome and histone modifications in mammalian preimplantation embryos.

Main findings

As the sensitivity of methods for analyzing epigenetic modifications increased, pioneering work began to explore the genome‐wide epigenetic landscape in the mid‐2010s, first for DNA methylation and then for histone modifications. Since then, a huge amount of data has accumulated, revealing typical epigenetic profiles in preimplantation development and, more recently, changes in response to environmental interventions.

Conclusions

These accumulating data may be used to improve the quality of preimplantation embryos, both in terms of their short‐term developmental competence and their subsequent long‐term health implications.
Decentralized control for a class of interconnected delayed systems with nonlinear disturbance and control input saturation
Authors: Yu Zhongming , Chen Keyu , Sun Yue , Dai Xin
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the problems of the exponential stability and the decentralized control for a class of interconnected delayed systems subject to nonlinear disturbance and control input saturation. Firstly, a model of the interconnected system with time delays, nonlinear disturbance and input saturation is established. Secondly, based on stability theory, Newton–Leibnitz formula and relevant inequality technique, some useful lemmas are derived, and stability analysis of the interconnected system is presented. Meanwhile, a decentralized controller with two control laws is designed. The obtained stability results can also be used for physical systems such as multi‐area interconnected power systems and chaotic systems. At last, the effectiveness of the stability results and the proposed control method is demonstrated by a few examples.
Reversible random walks on dynamic graphs
Authors: Shimizu Nobutaka , Shiraga Takeharu
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses random walks on edge‐changing dynamic graphs. We prove general and improved bounds for mixing, hitting, and cover times for a random walk according to a sequence of irreducible and reversible transition matrices with the time‐invariant stationary distribution. An interesting consequence is the tight bounds of the lazy Metropolis walk on any dynamic connected graph. We also prove bounds for multiple random walks on dynamic graphs. Our results extend previous upper bounds for simple random walks on dynamic graphs and give improved and tight upper bounds in several cases. Our results reinforce the observation that time‐inhomogeneous Markov chains with an invariant stationary distribution behave almost identically to a time‐homogeneous chain.
Single‐world intervention graphs for defining, identifying, and communicating estimands in clinical trials
Authors: Ocampo Alex , Bather Jemar R.
Published: June 2023

Confusion often arises when attempting to articulate target estimand(s) of a clinical trial in plain language. We aim to rectify this confusion by using a type of causal graph called the Single‐World Intervention Graph (SWIG) to provide a visual representation of the estimand that can be effectively communicated to interdisciplinary stakeholders. These graphs not only display estimands, but also illustrate the assumptions under which a causal estimand is identifiable by presenting the graphical relationships between the treatment, intercurrent events, and clinical outcomes. To demonstrate its usefulness in pharmaceutical research, we present examples of SWIGs for various intercurrent event strategies specified in the ICH E9(R1) addendum, as well as an example from a real‐world clinical trial for chronic pain. code to generate all the SWIGs shown is this paper is made available. We advocate clinical trialists adopt the use of SWIGs in their estimand discussions during the planning stages of their studies.
Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diodes Utilizing Schiff Base Compounds and Metal Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Halder Shibashis
Published: June 2023

Fabrications of different kinds of diodes with various types of materials are the trends of modern research. In recent times organic materials and metal complexes containing organic ligands are chosen preferably for the fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes. Utilizations of Schiff‐base compounds and Schiff base containing metal complexes in the making of Schottky barrier diodes are immensely appreciated because the syntheses of Schiff‐base compounds are quite straightforward, less expensive and require less time. Large scale production of Schiff base materials is comparatively easier because their syntheses involve facile condensation reaction and their optical properties can be easily tuned by introducing simple substituent groups. Designing appropriate molecular structure plays pivotal role in the conducting properties of the materials. The molecular systems with exiting conducting properties can be utilized for the fabrication of such active electronic device. Sometimes, the specific structural arrangements enhance the charge flow upon illumination of light. These materials can be used in making photosensitive diode devices. In this context, this review, comprising of a collection of research articles regarding Schottky diode device based on Schiff bases and metal complexes with Schiff base ligands, may be helpful for the researchers of the relevant field.
Meta‐OTf‐Substituted Diaryliodonium Salts Enabled Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions of Furans via Aryne Intermediates**
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Chen Huangguan , Liu Xu , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: June 2023

Arynes are highly reactive intermediates that may be trapped with arynophilic reagents. However, the generation of benzyne necessitates stringent reaction conditions. The cycloaddition reaction of traditional benzyne precursors including diaryliodonium salts with arynophiles under strongly basic conditions encounters the limitations in tolerance of labile functional groups. To overcome this issue, the modulation of diaryliodonium structures are considered by incorporation of specific groups for activation of vinical C−H bond, enabling the generation of aryne intermediates in cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. In this study, we reported meta‐trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) substituted diaryliodonium salts as benzyne precursor, in which the activation of C−I bond and selectively deprotonation of neighboring C−H bond generate highly reactive aryne intermediates for cycloaddition reactions with furans. This approach offers a simple and efficient method for synthesizing bridged ring compounds under mild reaction conditions with good functional group tolerance.
Benchmarking the Effect of Particle Size on Silicon Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Feng , Dong Yu , Su Yuefeng , Wei Chenxi , Chen Tongren , Yan Wengang , Ma Siyuan , Ma Liang , Wang Bin , Chen Lai , Huang Qing , Cao Duanyun , Lu Yun , Wang Meng , Wang Lian , Tan Guoqiang , Wang Jionghui , Li Ning
Published: June 2023

High‐capacity silicon has been regarded as one of the most promising anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. However, it suffers from severe volume expansion, particle pulverization, and repeated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, which leads to rapid electrochemical failure, while the particle size also plays key role here and its effects remain elusive. In this paper, through multiple‐physical, chemical, and synchrotron‐based characterizations, the evolutions of the composition, structure, morphology, and surface chemistry of silicon anodes with the particle size ranging from 50 to 5 µm upon cycling are benchmarked, which greatly link to their electrochemical failure discrepancies. It is found that the nano‐ and micro‐silicon anodes undergo similar crystal to amorphous phase transition, but quite different composition transition upon de‐/lithiation; at the same time, the nano‐ and 1 µm‐silicon samples present obviously different mechanochemical behaviors from the 5 µm‐silicon sample, such as electrode crack, particle pulverization/crack as well as volume expansion; in addition, the micro‐silicon samples possess much thinner SEI layer than the nano‐silicon samples upon cycling, and also differences in SEI compositions. It is hoped this comprehensive study and understanding should offer critical insights into the exclusive and customized modification strategies to diverse silicon anodes ranging from nano to microscale.
CMOS‐Compatible Tellurium/Silicon Ultra‐Fast Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Li Linlin , Xu Hao , Li Zhexin , Liu Lingchen , Lou Zheng , Wang Lili
Published: June 2023

High‐quality photodetectors are always the main way to obtain external information, especially near‐infrared sensors play an important role in remote sensing communication. However, due to the limitation of Silicon (Si) wide bandgap and the incompatibility of most near infrared photoelectric materials with traditional integrated circuits, the development of high performance and wide detection spectrum near infrared detectors suitable for miniaturization and integration is still facing many obstacles. Herein, the monolithic integration of large area tellurium optoelectronic functional units is realized by magnetron sputtering technology. Taking advantage of the type II heterojunction constructed by tellurium (Te) and silicon (Si), the photogenerated carriers are effectively separated, which prolongs the carrier lifetime and improves the photoresponse by several orders of magnitude. The tellurium/silicon (Te/Si) heterojunction photodetector demonstrates excellent detectivity and ultra‐fast turn‐on time. Importantly, an imaging array (20 × 20 pixels) based on the Te/Si heterojunction is demonstrated and high‐contrast photoelectric imaging is realized. Because of the high contrast obtained by the Te/Si array, in comparison with the Si arrays, it significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the subsequent processing tasks when the electronic pictures are applied to artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate the artificial vision system.
A Cationic Copolymer Enhances Responsiveness and Robustness of DNA Circuits
Authors: Wang Jun , Raito Hayashi , Shimada Naohiko , Maruyama Atsushi
Published: June 2023

Toehold‐mediated DNA circuits are extensively employed to construct diverse DNA nanodevices and signal amplifiers. However, operations of these circuits are slow and highly susceptive to molecular noise such as the interference from bystander DNA strands. Herein, this work investigates the effects of a series of cationic copolymers on DNA catalytic hairpin assembly, a representative toehold‐mediated DNA circuit. One copolymer, poly(L‐lysine)‐graft‐dextran, significantly enhances the reaction rate by 30‐fold due to its electrostatic interaction with DNA. Moreover, the copolymer considerably alleviates the circuit's dependency on the length and GC content of toehold, thereby enhancing the robustness of circuit operation against molecular noise. The general effectiveness of poly(L‐lysine)‐graft‐dextran is demonstrated through kinetic characterization of a DNA AND logic circuit. Therefore, use of a cationic copolymer is a versatile and efficient approach to enhance the operation rate and robustness of toehold‐mediated DNA circuits, paving the way for more flexible design and broader application.
Creating the conditions for thriving at a Catholic Hispanic‐Serving Institution (C‐HSI) through culturally engaging ministry
Authors: DeCostanza John , Garcia Gina A.
Published: June 2023

Authors discuss how educators have designed a cultural community service high‐impact practice culturally relevant to Latine students at a Catholic Hispanic‐Serving Institution and offer a series of recommendations for practice for faith‐based colleges and universities while paying close attention to the institutional context.
Model‐based architecting evaluation method for the delivery of complex nuclear projects
Authors: Bourdon Jérémy , Couturier Pierre , Chapurlat Vincent , Plana Robert , Richet Victor , Baudouin Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Facing the organizational and technological complexity of nuclear infrastructures (NI), the public reluctance in nuclear technology and the increasing restrictive regulatory environment, improving the conceptualization and evaluation of NI architecture is crucial for the successful completion of NI projects. Indeed, many technical engineering difficulties or delays in delivery can be avoided by deepening the design and evaluation of NI architectures. In a context where model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is becoming more and more relevant, it is interesting to integrate evaluation into this process. Although the architecture evaluation (AE) process is rather well defined in the literature and linked to system analysis practices, it is quite difficult to deploy and pilot within complex NI projects. This article proposes a model‐based method, EVAluation for Critical Infrastructure Model Based System Engineering (EVA‐CIME), to facilitate the deployment of AE processes on a project. The components of this method are described and illustrated in a study of a NI design. The benefits and limitations of EVA‐CIME in its state of development are discussed and lead to the conclusion that the method should be extended to foster an AE culture within the company itself.
Identification and characterization of extracted microplastics from agricultural soil near industrial area: FTIR and X‐ray diffraction method
Authors: Thakur Babita , Singh Jaswinder , Singh Joginder , Angmo Deachen , Vig Adarsh Pal
Published: June 2023

Microplastics have been found in large quantities in agricultural soil and now become a major global issue. Different types of microplastic have adverse effects on agricultural soil. The most widely used method for the extraction of microplastics in agricultural soil is the density floatation method by using saturated NaCl solution. This method includes the pre‐digestion of soil samples with H2O2 to remove all the organic matter present in the soil. Different types of microplastic particles were extracted and identified by using ATR‐FTIR viz polypropylene, polybutylene tetrapthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene tetrapthalate. The crystalline nature of extracted microplastic was checked by employing XRD analytical technique. Floatation with higher density saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution recovered approximately 80% MPs from soil. Floatation methods were found to be effective for extracting microplastics from soils.
From waste to value‐added products: A review of opportunities for fish waste valorization
Authors: Rigueto Cesar Vinicus Toniciolli , de Oliveira Rafaela , Gomes Karolynne Sousa , Alessandretti Ingridy , Nazari Mateus Torres , Rosseto Marieli , Krein Daniela Dal Castel , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Dettmer Aline
Published: June 2023

The fishing industry is responsible for generating large amounts of organic waste rich in compounds of commercial interest. This review aimed to present the state of the art about the possibilities of using solid waste to obtain value‐added products. Skins, fins, and scales have been used to obtain gelatin and collagen, a promising compound for use as an additive in yogurts and creams, as well as for the synthesis of biodegradable packaging that, if applicable, can reduce the environmental impact caused by petroleum packaging. Other parts, such as the head and the viscera, contain polyunsaturated fatty acids and other fat‐soluble vitamins that have been studied for the production of omega‐3 capsules for the pharmaceutical industry, but when the extracted oil does not fit the feeding parameters, it can be applied for the production of biodiesel. Furthermore, fishes are a promising source of astaxanthin, a carotenoid with high antioxidant properties. The use of combined techniques such as chemical and enzymatic methods can increase the extraction yield and favor the obtaining of more purified compounds, in addition to promoting the reduction of chemicals that are aggressive to the environment. In general, conscious production in the fishing industry through the valorization of waste generated for use as inputs for other value chains encompasses aspects of the circular economy, which can positively impact several Sustainable Development Goals.
The effects of household water insecurity on child health and well‐being
Authors: Rhue Steven J. , Torrico Giulia , Amuzie Chioma , Collins Shalean M. , Lemaitre Andrea , Workman Cassandra L. , Rosinger Asher Y. , Pearson Amber L. , Piperata Barbara A. , Wutich Amber , Brewis Alexandra , Stoler Justin
Published: June 2023

We extend the conceptualization of the social and health burdens of household water insecurity on children beyond the traditional narrow lens of microbiological pathogens and diarrhea. The global burden of disease associated with water insecurity has traditionally focused on diarrheal disease as the most significant driver of infant and child mortality. However, there are many other pathways through which children experience adverse health and social consequences from inadequate or unsafe household water. We synthesize evidence of a broad range of health impacts, affecting children from infancy to late adolescence, across four domains: exposure to unsafe water; interruptions to growth and development through poor nutrition and hydration; negative social effects such as school absenteeism and interpersonal violence; and other non‐communicable health issues such as mental health, injuries, and reproductive health. The growing burden and urgency of these issues is implicated by forecasted increases in climate‐ and conflict‐induced water scarcity, human displacement, and environmental contamination in the decades ahead.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation

Human Water > Rights to Water
A review on computational modeling of instability and degradation issues of halide perovskite photovoltaic materials
Authors: Bhatt Pranjul , Pandey Ayush Kumar , Rajput Ashutosh , Sharma Kshitij Kumar , Moyez Abdul , Tewari Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Hybrid halide perovskite solar cells have been recognized as one of the most promising future photovoltaic technologies due to their demonstrated high‐power conversion efficiency, versatile stoichiometry and low cost. However, degradation caused by environmental exposure and structural instability due to ionic defect migration hinders the commercialization of this technology. While the experimental studies try to understand the phenomenology of the degradation mechanisms and devise practical measures to improve the stability of these materials, theoretical studies have attempted to bridge the gaps in our understanding of the fundamental degradation mechanisms at different time and length scales. A deeper understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena at an atomic level through multiscale materials modeling is going to be crucial for the knowledge‐based prognosis and design of future halide perovskites. There have been increased efforts in this direction in the last few years. However, the instability fundamentals explored through atomistic modeling and simulation methods have not been reviewed comprehensively in the literature yet. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to present a critical review, while identifying the existing gaps and opportunities in the investigation of the degradation and instability issues of the halide perovskites using computational methods. The review will primarily focus on the instability caused due to the intrinsic ionic defect migration and degradation due to thermal, moisture and light exposure. The findings from the simulation studies conducted primarily using density functional theory, ab initio molecular dynamics, classical molecular dynamics and machine learning methods will be presented.

This article is categorized under:

Software > Molecular Modeling

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science

Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Synergies between China's Whole County photovoltaic program and rural heat pump adoption
Authors: Hove Anders
Published: June 2023

Electrification of heating, particularly with highly‐efficient heat pumps, is increasingly viewed as essential for reaching the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement. China has promoted replacement of dirty coal heating in rural areas. More recently China has also begun promoting distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) energy as a rural development strategy, particularly with the launch of the Whole County PV pilot program in 2021. While several studies have examined the economics of heat pump adoption, with or without solar PV, the Whole County PV program has not been specifically studied. Further, many prior studies utilize monthly average solar production or temperature ranges. This study examines the economics of heat pumps in participating counties in the Whole County PV program, employing hourly data for both PV output and ambient temperature in participating counties. The analysis shows that pairing residential heat pumps with PV in counties in Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu would result in short economic payback periods versus gas or resistance heat, while also increasing self‐consumption of PV. The results suggest that expanding the Whole County PV program to incorporate energy efficiency and heating/cooling measures represents an economically attractive way to accelerate the rural energy transition and improve rural livelihoods. Such a policy would help accelerate the low‐carbon energy transition, reduce air pollutant emissions, and help address oversupply of midday PV output in local areas. Barriers to the approach include involvement of different government ministries, the cost of upgrading building insulation, the design of building codes, and the structure of electricity tariffs.

This article is categorized under:

Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy

Energy and Power Systems > Electrification

Cities and Transportation > Buildings
Procuring Advanced Weapon Systems and Platforms: Four Types of Procurement Considered
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael
Published: June 2023

Major weapon systems and platforms, by nature, tend to be extremely complex and long-term purchases, incorporating cutting edge technology that is both developmentally complex and very expensive, often only being developed as the platform is built, put into service and updated, as has often been the case with new generations of fighter aircraft and warships. It is also the case with such systems that, like a hydroelectric dam or nuclear reactor, they cannot be acquired piecemeal but must be purchased and constructed all in one piece. This complexity, high costs and the lack of severability of contracts once signed are characteristics of procurement processes that generally trigger hard-fought political battles about costs, benefits and platform choices. The chapter lays out a four-fold categorization of procurement to address these complexities.
Analysis: Military Platform Procurement Strategies and the Need for Political and Doctrinal Alignment in Type 4 Purchases
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael
Published: June 2023

Each procurement situation has different payoffs and costs for governments, both administratively and politically. Large-scale procurement, given its duration and size, has the possibility of highly uncertain benefits along with potentially high costs. The Type 26 frigate and F-35 aircraft cases in Canada and Australia show that for successful procurement/implementation to occur what is needed is a clear set of objectives and targets established by a government which can then be matched to specific tools and tool calibrations by delivery departments or agencies and for this congruence to be maintained over time and through changes in government. The Canadian case studies demonstrate how the beginning of the twenty-first century brought with it rapidly shifting strategic priorities that left the CAF in difficulty due to its inflexible forces’ doctrine within the context of changing government strategic goals and objectives in the post-Cold War period. In Australia, however, dealing with the same weapons systems at the same time, the alignment of government policy and forces’ doctrine was maintained, resulting in projects proceeding faster, and with all-party agreement, than was the case or existed in Canada.
Eine Methode zum Einsatz von bestärkenden Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung
Authors: Lang Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Wie in der Schlussbetrachtung zum Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik beschrieben, existiert bisher noch keine systematische Vorgehensweise, wie bestärkende Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung einsetzbar gemacht werden können. Basierend auf der theoretischen Fundierung in den Kapiteln 2 und 3 soll im Folgenden eine Methode herausgearbeitet werden, die das Vorgehen zum Einsatz von bestärkenden Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung formalisiert. In Abschnitt 5.1 soll zunächst der aktuelle Prozess der Produktionsablaufplanung als Ausgangspunkt reflektiert werden, an welchen die zu entwickelnde Methode anknüpfen möchte.
Evaluation der entwickelten Methode
Authors: Lang Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Die in Kapitel 5 vorgestellte Methode wurde mit der Zielstellung entworfen, Produktions- und Logistikplaner*innen sowie Wirtschaftsinformatiker*innen bei der Entwicklung und Integration von RL-trainierten agentenbasierten Produktionsablaufsteuerungen zu unterstützen. Die resultierenden Entscheidungssysteme sollen insbesondere eine kurzfristige operative Produktionsablaufplanung begünstigen, unter Berücksichtigung eines dynamischen stochastischen Auftragshorizonts sowie enger Zeitfenster für die Entscheidungsfindung. Im Folgenden soll anhand von drei Fallstudien nachgewiesen werden, dass durch die konsequente Anwendung der Methode Produktionsablaufsteuerungen entwickelt werden können, welche die beschriebenen Eigenschaften erfüllen. Zudem sollen anhand von jeder Fallstudie unterschiedliche Konzepte, die im Rahmen der Methode entwickelt wurden, evaluiert werden.
Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Lang Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Abschließend soll ein Resümee der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit gezogen werden. Hierbei ist Abschnitt 7.1 der inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung der Arbeit sowie der Beantwortung der in Abschnitt 1.2 formulierten Forschungsfragen gewidmet. In Abschnitt 7.2 wird ein Ausblick auf weitere Forschungsbedarfe und zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten gegeben.
Reservoir Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei
Published: June 2023

Organic matter-rich Marine shale is mostly gray-black stone-containing carbon or silica-rich rock phase.
Constant Pressure Injection
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei
Published: June 2023

In practical hydraulic fracturing, limited by the operating power of the syringe pump and long transportation of pipelines, it is often difficult to maintain high pumping fluid pressure to crack the reservoir rock in deep formation.
Fracture Propagation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei
Published: June 2023

In previous theories regarding hydraulic fracture propagation, it is usually assumed the fluid pressure within the hydraulic fracture is constant in the calculation of the surrounding stress field. The actual fluid pressure during fracturing process, however, is often fluctuating, due to the disturbance of the irregular surface of rock fracture and the viscous flow of fracturing fluid.
Settlement and Mediation
Authors: Zhang Chenyang
Published: June 2023

Chinese courts, influenced by the concept “Harmony is the Top Priority” in Chinese culture, have always been encouraging the parties to resolve disputes by means of settlement and/or court-connected mediation. In order to prevent the other party from reneging after signing a settlement or mediation agreement, the parties need to obtain effective legal documents from the court so that they can apply with the court for enforcement where necessary. In the process of settlement and mediation, the concessions made by the parties that are unfavorable to themselves cannot be deemed as a self-admission of the parties. However, it is necessary for the parties to take certain measures to prove that these concessions are indeed made in the process of settlement and mediation. Generally, the information involved in settlement and mediation is confidential.
Case Filing and Determination of the Adjudicatory Personnel
Authors: Zhang Chenyang
Published: June 2023

After determining the competent court, the plaintiff can bring the lawsuit by submitting the statement of claim, necessary evidence, and other formality documents to the court. However, it is noteworthy that foreign parties, especially foreign companies and other institutions, need to prepare a series of formality documents as required by the Chinese court to participate in litigation, which can sometimes be somewhat cumbersome. Therefore, it is necessary to spare sufficient time to get ready. Upon receipt of the plaintiff’s materials, the Chinese court shall examine them to limited extent, and file the case upon satisfaction of certain statutory conditions. To facilitate foreign parties to submit filing materials online, the SPC establishes an Internet platform for foreign parties and streamlines the case-filing procedures from several aspects. Due to some concerns, however, we would advise that foreign organizations prepare paper materials in the traditional way, and seek help from Chinese lawyers for case filing. After the case filing, Chinese courts generally determine the judge(s) for a case through the computer-based random allocation, but under special circumstances, Chinese courts will directly appoint the judge(s) for a case. There is no jury system in China, and the facts and legal issues involved in the case should be decided by the collegial panel or the sole judge. Nevertheless, Chinese citizens can participate in the trial by joining the collegial panel as people’s assessors. The power of people’s assessors is generally the same as that of judges, but in some cases, they only have the right to vote on the finding of facts.