bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Enhancing the Value of Research for Dissemination and Implementation
Authors: Neta Gila , Glasgow Russell E. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Rabin Borsika A. , Fernandez Maria E. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: November 2014

A comprehensive guide that identifies critical evaluation and reporting elements necessary to move research into practice is needed. We propose a framework that highlights the domains required to enhance the value of dissemination and implementation research for end users. We emphasize the importance of transparent reporting on the planning phase of research in addition to delivery, evaluation, and long-term outcomes. We highlight key topics for which well-established reporting and assessment tools are underused (e.g., cost of intervention, implementation strategy, adoption) and where such tools are inadequate or lacking (e.g., context, sustainability, evolution) within the context of existing reporting guidelines. Consistent evaluation of and reporting on these issues with standardized approaches would enhance the value of research for practitioners and decision-makers.
Systematic Review of Prevalence of Young Child Overweight and Obesity in the United States–Affiliated Pacific Region Compared With the 48 Contiguous States: The Children’s Healthy Living Program
Authors: Novotny Rachel , Fialkowski Marie Kainoa , Li Fenfang , Paulino Yvette , Vargo Donald , Jim Rally , Coleman Patricia , Bersamin Andrea , Nigg Claudio R. , Leon Guerrero Rachael T. , Deenik Jonathan , Kim Jang Ho , Wilkens Lynne R.
Published: November 2014

We estimated overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence of children in US-Affiliated Pacific jurisdictions (USAP) of the Children’s Healthy Living Program compared with the contiguous United States.

We searched peer-reviewed literature and government reports (January 2001–April 2014) for OWOB prevalence of children aged 2 to 8 years in the USAP and found 24 sources. We used 3 articles from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for comparison. Mixed models regressed OWOB prevalence on an age polynomial to compare trends (n = 246 data points).

In the USAP, OWOB prevalence estimates increased with age, from 21% at age 2 years to 39% at age 8 years, increasing markedly at age 5 years; the proportion obese increased from 10% at age 2 years to 23% at age 8 years. The highest prevalence was in American Samoa and Guam.
Perceptions and Practices of Student Binge Drinking: An Observational Study of Residential College Students
Authors: Clinkinbeard Samantha S. , Johnson Michael A.
Published: November 2014

Professionals have debated the use of the term binge drinking over the past couple of decades, yet little attention has been paid to college student perceptions. We explored how students at one university qualitatively defined binge drinking; whether their own definitions coincided with those adopted by researchers; and whether students' own definitions varied according to their behavior. The most common definition provided by studesnts included a description of the consumption of a large, non-specific, amount of alcohol. Only half of the students who, by standard definition, participated in binge drinking in the previous 30 days actually identified their behavior as such. Finally, binge drinkers were more likely to define binge drinking in an extreme manner such that it results in vomiting or blacking out.
3D Simulation as a Learning Environment for Acquiring the Skill of Self-Management: An Experience Involving Spanish University Students of Education
Authors: Cela-Ranilla Jose María , Esteve-Gonzalez Vanessa , Esteve-Mon Francesc , Gisbert-Cervera Merce
Published: November 2014

In this study we analyze how 57 Spanish university students of Education developed a learning process in a virtual world by conducting activities that involved the skill of self-management. The learning experience comprised a serious game designed in a 3D simulation environment. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used in the analytical process. An analytical rubric was taken as a reference to enable an expert observer to collect the relevant information. Our results show that the students generally achieved good levels of self-management in this technological environment. Senior university students presented higher scores than freshmen in this particular skill. We also found that students tended to develop better learning activities that involved analytical work than those that involved action or development. The students' perceptions about 3D environments regarding self-management were mostly satisfactory, especially for planning activities. These results provide relevant information on how students develop activities that involve self-management components in a technological environment. However, the research design did not allow us to determine how this environment increases the level of this specific skill.
Dynamic Geometry Software Improves Mathematical Achievement: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chan Kan Kan , Leung Siu Wai
Published: November 2014

Dynamic geometry software (DGS) aims to enhance mathematics education. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quasi-experimental studies on the effectiveness of DGS-based instruction in improving students' mathematical achievement. Research articles published between 1990 and 2013 were identified from major databases according to a prespecified search strategy and selection criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted based on the random-effects model to evaluate the effectiveness of DGS-based instruction in terms of standardized mean differences (SMD) of achievement test scores as outcome measures. Nine quasi-experimental DGS studies with 587 participants were eligible. The overall effect size of DGS-based instruction on achievement scores (i.e., SMD) was distinctive (SMD, 1.02; 95% CI: 0.56–1.48) compared to traditional instruction. Subgroup analysis found some groups to have better effectiveness, for example, short-term instruction with DGS significantly improved the mathematical achievement of elementary school students.
Whole genome sequencing reveals potential spread of Clostridium difficile between humans and farm animals in the Netherlands, 2002 to 2011
Authors: Knetsch C W , Connor T R , Mutreja A , van Dorp S M , Sanders I M , Browne H P , Harris D , Lipman L , Keessen E C , Corver J , Kuijper E  J , Lawley T D
Published: November 2014

Farm animals are a potential reservoir for human Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), particularly PCR ribotype 078 which is frequently found in animals and humans. Here, whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was used to study the evolutionary relatedness of C. difficile 078 isolated from humans and animals on Dutch pig farms. All sequenced genomes were surveyed for potential antimicrobial resistance determinants and linked to an antimicrobial resistance phenotype. We sequenced the whole genome of 65 C. difficile 078 isolates collected between 2002 and 2011 from pigs (n?=?19), asymptomatic farmers (n?=?15) and hospitalised patients (n?=?31) in the Netherlands. The collection included 12 pairs of human and pig isolates from 2011 collected at 12 different pig farms. A mutation rate of 1.1 SNPs per genome per year was determined for C. difficile 078. Importantly, we demonstrate that farmers and pigs were colonised with identical (no SNP differences) and nearly identical (less than two SNP differences) C. difficile clones. Identical tetracycline and streptomycin resistance determinants were present in human and animal C. difficile 078 isolates. Our observation that farmers and pigs share identical C. difficile strains suggests transmission between these populations, although we cannot exclude the possibility of transmission from a common environmental source.
Microstructure and Composition of Grain Boundary- and Intragranular Oxides in Low Alloy Mn-Cr, Mn-Al-Si and Si-Al-P Hot-rolled Steel Sheets
Authors: Praig V.G. , Haubner R. , Stöger-Pollach M.
Published: November 2014

During hot rolling, coiling and subsequent cooling of low-alloy steel sheets, internal oxides are formed at the grain boundaries (intergranular) and within the grains (intragranular) as a consequence of oxygen diffusion into the steel and segregating alloy elements. The assembly/microstructure and composition of the oxides found were investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss (EELS)- or energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy therein. Our spectroscopic data reveal various simple oxide species, located separately or side by side. Those findings apply to grain boundary oxides and intragranular oxides, for all the steel compositions investigated (Fe-Mn-Cr, Fe-Mn-Al-Si, Fe-Si-Al-P). For example, within the Mn-Cr-alloyed steel we find Mn oxide at all oxide locations (inter- and intragranular), but Cr oxide is not present always. We also discuss the sequences of oxide formation, which follow the thermodynamic rules of oxide formation.
A new thermal drilling system for high-altitude or temperate glaciers
Authors: Schwikowski Margit , Jenk Theo M. , Stampfli Dieter , Stampfli Felix
Published: November 2014

For ice-core drilling on high-elevation glaciers, lightweight and modular electromechanical (EM) drills are used to allow for transportation by porters or pack animals. However, application of EM drills is constrained to glaciers with temperatures well below the ice melting point. When drilling into temperate ice, liquid water accumulates in the borehole, hindering chip transport, filling the chip barrel and finally blocking the drill. Drilling into near-temperate ice is also problematic as pressure-induced melting can cause refreezing of meltwater on the drill which then easily gets stuck in the borehole. We developed a thermal drill compatible with the Fast Electromechanical Lightweight Ice Coring System (FELICS). The melting element consists of a coil heater, molded in an aluminum crown. Using the combined mechanical and thermal drill we obtained a 101 m surface-to-bedrock ice core from temperate Silvrettagletscher, Swiss Alps. The borehole with temperatures around 0°C was filled with meltwater. Power was supplied by two 2kW gasoline generators consuming a total of 70 L of alkylate fuel. Ice-core production rate was 1.8 mh−1. The drill produced non-fractured ice cores of excellent quality with a length of 70 cm and a diameter of 75–80 mm.
IceCube Enhanced Hot Water Drill functional description
Authors: Benson T. , Cherwinka J. , Duvernois M. , Elcheikh A. , Feyzi F. , Greenler L. , Haugen J. , Karle A. , Mulligan M. , Paulos R.
Published: November 2014

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory was constructed at the South Pole during the 2004/05 to 2010/11 austral summer seasons. IceCube transforms 1 km3 of Antarctic ice into an astrophysical particle detector composed of 86 cables (strings) of optical sensors buried deep beneath the surface. Each string required drilling a borehole ∼60 cm in diameter to a depth of 2500 m. The 5 MW Enhanced Hot Water Drill was designed and built specifically for this task, capable of producing the required boreholes at a rate of one hole per 48 hours. Hot-water drilling on this scale presented unique challenges and was rich in lessons learned, yielding a collection of notable developments and takeaways (e.g. fuel-saving measures, thermal modeling, firn drilling and closed-loop computer control). Descriptions of system functionality and of lessons learned from IceCube drilling are presented.
Modeling hole size, lifetime and fuel consumption in hot-water ice drilling
Authors: Greenler L. , Benson T. , Cherwinka J. , Elcheikh A. , Feyzi F. , Karle A. , Paulos R.
Published: November 2014

IceCube, a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector, was built at the South Pole using a hot-water drill system. Deep holes were drilled into the Antarctic ice sheet and filled with highly sensitive optical instrumentation. For the hot-water drilling, a computer model was developed to predict the hole sizes and hole lifetimes during construction. The goal was to predict ultimate size and freezeback rates based on water flow rate and temperature, drill speed, ice temperature and ream parameters (for a secondary operation where hot water continues to flow as the drill is withdrawn). This model proved to be very successful. It increased confidence that the holes would remain open long enough after drilling to allow the deployment of the necessary instrumentation. It also allowed for a decrease, over the course of the project, in the amount of overdrilling that was used as a margin against a too-rapid freeze-in. This resulted in significant fuel savings.
Simulation of the crystal growth of platelet sea ice with diffusive heat and mass transfer
Authors: Wongpan Pat , Langhorne Patricia J. , Dempsey David E. , Hahn-Woernle Lisa , Sun Zhifa
Published: November 2014

Antarctic coastal sea ice often grows in water that has been supercooled by interaction with an ice shelf. In these situations, ice crystals can form at depth, rise and deposit under the sea-ice cover to form a porous layer that eventually consolidates near the base of the existing sea ice. The least consolidated portion is called the sub-ice platelet layer. Congelation growth eventually causes the sub-ice platelet layer to become frozen into the sea-ice cover as incorporated platelet ice. In this study, we simulate these processes in three dimensions using Voronoi dynamics to govern crystal growth kinetics. Platelet deposition, in situ growth and incorporation into the sea-ice cover are integrated into the model. Heat and mass transfer are controlled by diffusion. We extract and compare spatial-temporal distributions of porosity, salinity, temperature and crystallographic c-axes with observations from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The model captures the crystallographic structure of incorporated platelet ice as well as the topology of the sub-ice platelet layer. The solid fraction, which has previously been poorly constrained, is simulated to be ∼0.22, in good agreement with an earlier estimate of 0.25 ± 0.06. This property of the sub-ice platelet layer is important for biological processes, and for the freeboard-thickness relationship around Antarctica.
An Optimization Model for Large–Scale Wind Power Grid Connection Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Tan Zhongfu , Li Huanhuan , Ju Liwei , Song Yihang
Published: November 2014

To reduce the influence of wind power output uncertainty on power system stability, demand response (DRPs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) are introduced while solving scheduling optimization problems. To simulate wind power scenarios, this paper uses Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate the initial scenario set and constructs a scenario reduction strategy based on Kantorovich distance. Since DRPs and ESSs can influence the distribution of demand load, this paper constructs a joint scheduling optimization model for wind power, ESSs and DRPs under the objective of minimizing total coal cost, and constraints of power demand and supply balance, users’ demand elasticity, thermal units’ startup-shutdown, thermal units’ output power climbing and wind power backup service. To analyze the influences of ESSs and DRPs on system wind power consumption capacity, example simulation is made in a 10 thermal units system with a 1000 MW wind farm and 400 MW energy storage systems under four simulation scenarios. The simulation results show that the introduction of DRPs and ESSs could promote system wind power consumption capacity with significantly economic and environment benefits, which include less coal consumption and less pollutant emission; and the optimization effect reaches the optimum when DRPs and ESSs are both introduced.
Association of Weekly Suicide Rates with Temperature Anomalies in Two Different Climate Types
Authors: Dixon P. , Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Levitt Anthony , Haney Christa , Ellis Kelsey , Sheridan Scott
Published: November 2014

Annual suicide deaths outnumber the total deaths from homicide and war combined. Suicide is a complex behavioral endpoint, and a simple cause-and-effect model seems highly unlikely, but relationships with weather could yield important insight into the biopsychosocial mechanisms involved in suicide deaths. This study has been designed to test for a relationship between air temperature and suicide frequency that is consistent enough to offer some predictive abilities. Weekly suicide death totals and anomalies from Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1986–2009) and Jackson, Mississippi, USA (1980–2006) are analyzed for relationships by using temperature anomaly data and a distributed lag nonlinear model. For both analysis methods, anomalously cool weeks show low probabilities of experiencing high-end suicide totals while warmer weeks are more likely to experience high-end suicide totals. This result is consistent for Toronto and Jackson. Weekly suicide totals demonstrate a sufficient association with temperature anomalies to allow some prediction of weeks with or without increased suicide frequency. While this finding alone is unlikely to have immediate clinical implications, these results are an important step toward clarifying the biopsychosocial mechanisms of suicidal behavior through a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between temperature and suicide.
Genome-Wide Transcriptome Profiles of Rice Hybrids and Their Parents
Authors: E Zhiguo , Huang Shanshan , Zhang Yuping , Ge Lei , Wang Lei
Published: November 2014

Heterosis is a widely studied phenomenon in several plant species. However, its genetic basis still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used RNA-seq data from two rice genotypes and their reciprocal hybrids, and used a combination of transcriptome profiling and allele-specific expression analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in the hybrids and their parents or expressed in an allele-specific manner. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by a pairwise comparison of the four genotypes. Detailed annotation of DEGs suggested that these genes showed enrichment in some gene ontology categories, and they tend to have tissue-specific expression patterns compared to all genes. A total of 1033 (10.24%) of 10,195 genes with informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified as ASE genes. These allele-specific expessed (ASE) genes showed a broader expression breadth suggesting that they function in diverse developmental stages. Among 1033 ASE genes, we also identified 45 ASE transcription factors belonging to 17 transcription factor families. These ASE transcription factors may act in trans to regulate gene expression in filial 1 (F1) hybrids. Our analyses provide a comprehensive transcriptome profile of rice hybrids and their parents, and would be a useful resource for the rice research community.
Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Serum Selenium Concentrations Predict WHO Stages 3, 4 or Death but not Virologic Failure Post-Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Shivakoti Rupak , Gupte Nikhil , Yang Wei-Teng , Mwelase Noluthando , Kanyama Cecilia , Tang Alice , Pillay Sandy , Samaneka Wadzanai , Riviere Cynthia , Berendes Sima , Lama Javier , Cardoso Sandra , Sugandhavesa Patcharaphan , Semba Richard , Christian Parul , Campbell Thomas , Gupta Amita
Published: November 2014

A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression after ART initiation. Cases were HIV-1 infected adults with either clinical failure (incident World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) or virologic failure by 24 months. Risk factors for serum selenium deficiency (<85 μg/L) pre-ART and its association with outcomes were examined. Median serum selenium concentration was 82.04 μg/L (Interquartile range (IQR): 57.28–99.89) and serum selenium deficiency was 53%, varying widely by country from 0% to 100%. In multivariable models, risk factors for serum selenium deficiency were country, previous tuberculosis, anemia, and elevated C-reactive protein. Serum selenium deficiency was not associated with either clinical failure or virologic failure in multivariable models. However, relative to people in the third quartile (74.86–95.10 μg/L) of serum selenium, we observed increased hazards (adjusted hazards ratio (HR): 3.50; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.30–9.42) of clinical failure but not virologic failure for people in the highest quartile. If future studies confirm this relationship of high serum selenium with increased clinical failure, a cautious approach to selenium supplementation might be needed, especially in HIV-infected populations with sufficient or unknown levels of selenium.
Structural Diversity and Function of Xyloglucan Sidechain Substituents
Authors: Schultink Alex , Liu Lifeng , Zhu Lei , Pauly Markus
Published: November 2014

Xyloglucan (XyG) is a hemicellulose found in the cell walls of all land plants including early-divergent groups such as liverworts, hornworts and mosses. The basic structure of XyG, a xylosylated glucan, is similar in all of these plants but additional substituents can vary depending on plant family, tissue, and developmental stage. A comprehensive list of known XyG sidechain substituents is assembled including their occurrence within plant families, thereby providing insight into the evolutionary origin of the various sidechains. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have enabled comparative genomics approaches for the identification of XyG biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in non-model plant species. Characterization of these biosynthetic genes not only allows the determination of their substrate specificity but also provides insights into the function of the various substituents in plant growth and development.
Social Network Site Usage and Personal Relations of Migrants
Authors: Damian Elena , Van Ingen Erik
Published: November 2014

In this study, we examine the relation between social network site (SNS) usage and the personal networks of immigrants, using a unique dataset composed of a representative sample of immigrants living in the Netherlands. In theory, SNSs can be a helpful tool for immigrants, because they may help establish social ties in the destination country and help maintain ties with people in the country of origin. We examine whether this is also true in practice by analyzing whether the frequency of using two SNSs—Facebook and Hyves (a Dutch SNS)—is associated with the number of ingroup and outgroup ties, as well as the quality of social relations. In addition, we test whether general emotional disclosure boosts the effect of SNS usage on the quality of relationships. We find that SNS usage is associated with more outgroup ties, but not with more ingroup ties. Our analyses also show that SNS usage is associated with greater quality social relationships among migrants. Contrary to our expectations, we found no interaction between general emotional disclosure and SNS usage on satisfaction with social relations. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Exosomes secreted by cortical neurons upon glutamatergic synapse activation specifically interact with neurons
Authors: Chivet Mathilde , Javalet Charlotte , Laulagnier Karine , Blot Béatrice , Hemming Fiona J. , Sadoul Rémy
Published: November 2014

Exosomes are nano‐sized vesicles of endocytic origin released into the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Exosomes represent a novel mechanism of cell–cell communication allowing direct transfer of proteins, lipids and RNAs. In the nervous system, both glial and neuronal cells secrete exosomes in a way regulated by glutamate. It has been hypothesized that exosomes can be used for interneuronal communication implying that neuronal exosomes should bind to other neurons with some kind of specificity. Here, dissociated hippocampal cells were used to compare the specificity of binding of exosomes secreted by neuroblastoma cells to that of exosomes secreted by cortical neurons. We found that exosomes from neuroblastoma cells bind indiscriminately to neurons and glial cells and could be endocytosed preferentially by glial cells. In contrast, exosomes secreted from stimulated cortical neurons bound to and were endocytosed only by neurons. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that exosomes released upon synaptic activation do not bind to glial cells but selectively to other neurons suggesting that they can underlie a novel aspect of interneuronal communication.
Les Jeux Olympiques, l'événement spatial par excellence (The Olympic Games, the quintessential spatial event)
Authors: Augustin Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2014

Les Jeux Olympiques (J.O.) offrent aux villes choisies une occasion exceptionnelle de valoriser leur attractivité grâce à la construction d'infrastructures d'accueil, de transports et de communication qui participent aux transformations urbaines. En ce sens, ils sont l 'événement spatial par excellence présentant deux caractéristiques : la première est liée à l'engagement de respecter un calendrier précis pour la réalisation en projet urbain. Les J.O. de Pékin 2008 sont un bon exemple de ces événements caractérisés par les traces durables qu 'elles laissent dans la ville, même si les points noirs et le coût social des rénovations ne doivent pas être occultés.
Les hubs de fret aérien express. (Express freight hubs.)
Authors: Boquet Yves
Published: November 2014

Le fret aérien express, dont la croissance accompagne la division internationale du travail et l 'essor du e-commerce, est dominé par quatre grandes compagnies internationales, dont les réseaux d'envergure planétaire s'organisent autour de hubs continentaux relayés par des hubs régionaux et une desserte terrestre assurée par camions. Ces hubs sont situés dans le Middle-West américain, le cœur originel de l'Union Européenne et les deux régions-clés de l'économie chinoise, qui prennent le relais des hubs philippins.
Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films
Authors: Grochowska Katarzyna , Siuzdak Katarzyna , Atanasov Peter A , Bittencourt Carla , Dikovska Anna , Nedyalkov Nikolay N , Śliwiński Gerard
Published: November 2014

A brief description of research advances in the area of short-pulse-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films is followed by examples of experimental data and a discussion of our results on the characterization of structural and optical properties of gold nanostructures. These consist of partially spherical or spheroidal nanoparticles (NPs) which have a size distribution (80 ± 42 nm) and self-organization characterized by a short-distance order (length scale ≈140 nm). For the NP shapes produced, an observably broader tuning range (of about 150 nm) of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band is obtained by renewal thin film deposition and laser annealing of the NP array. Despite the broadened SPR bands, which indicate damping confirmed by short dephasing times not exceeding 4 fs, the self-organized Au NP structures reveal quite a strong enhancement of the optical signal. This was consistent with the near-field modeling and micro-Raman measurements as well as a test of the electrochemical sensing capability.
Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine
Authors: Salila Vijayalal Mohan Hari Krishna , An Jianing , Zheng Lianxi
Published: November 2014

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have been explored for use as biological/chemical sensors. Dopamine (DA) is a biomolecule with great clinical significance for disease diagnosis, however, SWCNT FETs lack responsivity and selectivity for its detection due to the presence of interfering compounds such as uric acid (UA). Surface modification of CNTs using single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) renders the surface responsive to DA and screens the interferent.Due to the presence of different bases in ssDNA, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sequence on the FET-based molecular recognition of DA. SWCNT FETs were decorated with homo- and repeated-base ssDNA sequences, and the electrical response induced by DA in the presence and absence of UA was gauged in terms of the variation in transistor electrical parameters including conductance, transconductance, threshold voltage and hysteresis gap. Our results showed that the response of ssDNA-decorated devices to DA, irrespective of the presence or absence of UA, was DNA sequence dependent and exhibited the trend: G > A > C and GA > GT > AC > CT, for homo- and repeated-base sequences, respectively. The different response of various SWCNT–ssDNA systems to DA underlines the sequence selectivity, whereas the detection of DA in the presence of UA highlights the molecular selectivity of the ssDNA-decorated devices.
Présentation. Henri Piéron (1881-1964) de face et de profil
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel
Published: November 2014

Il y a cinquante ans, mourait Henri Piéron, dont la mémoire est encore vivace par les institutions qu’il a fondées ou contribué à créer, entre autres, l’Institut de psychologie, l’Institut national d’orientation professionnelle, la bibliothèque qui porte son nom et une activité scientifique intense dans la recherche, l’enseignement et l’application d’une « psychologie objective », qu’il caractérisait comme ayant renoncé à l’étude de l’homme total pour celle des fonctions isolées, permettant, selon lui, d’établir des lois. Il était également un ami du Bulletin de psychologie , qui lui consacra, d’ailleurs, un numéro spécial d’hommage en 1951 et qui ne pouvait omettre d’accompagner cet anniversaire. Après une présentation, où sont brièvement résumées la vie, l’œuvre et la personnalité d’Henri Piéron, Michel Huteau et Serge Blanchard, Serge Nicolas, Annick Ohayon et Thérèse Charmasson proposent une vision contemporaine d’une œuvre et d’un homme, à qui la psychologie doit, en partie, son indépendance.
« Ce travail acharné, ce labeur gris et sans repos... » Benjamin Britten, compositeur au travail
Authors: Couderc Gilles
Published: November 2014

L’œuvre foisonnante du britannique Benjamin Britten (1913-1976), qui pratique tous les genres musicaux, ne compte pas moins de 95 numéros d’opus, bilan considérable pour notre époque, avec notamment douze opéras. Les diverses biographies du musicien et de ses journaux, carnets intimes et correspondance annotée donnent le vertige devant la masse de travail abattue par ce compositeur, chef d’une troupe d’opéra, directeur d’un festival de musique, pianiste soliste, accompagnateur et chef d’orchestre qui parcourt l’Europe entre 1945 et 1972, perpétuellement sous le harnais. Quelques points saillants peuvent expliquer cette frénésie : son éthique du travail inculquée dès l’enfance, un profond besoin de reconnaissance alimenté par les ambitions maternelles, sa conception de l’art-parabole et de l’artiste au service de ses contemporains, son désir de reconnaissance dû à son pacifisme en temps de guerre et à son homosexualité comme à sa volonté d’être reconnu en tant que musicien et artiste dans une société britannique encore très conservatrice.
Quand je n'y arrive plus...
Authors: Chaineau Pierre
Published: November 2014

Il y a encore peu, une salle d’accouchement dans une clinique était dénommée salle de travail. Le travail est bien l’enjeu d’une naissance et même d’une triple reconnaissance : de soi dans ce que l’on fait, des autres via l’objet d’échange et de soi par soi en tant que son propre référent. Les pathologies actuelles du travail sont étroitement liées aux défaillances de ces mécanismes de reconnaissance. Deux facteurs sont illustrés : la résonance émotionnelle et l’impossible appartenance.
Victoires et déboires du journal intime
Authors: Lecarme Jacques
Published: November 2014

Résumé « Le chanteur, non la chanson » : les moyens techniques du direct, du live et de l’immédiateté conspirent dans tous les domaines de création à mettre en valeur l’auteur, et son « vécu », bien plus que l’œuvre en sa distance. D’où un changement de portage dans le littéraire : correspondance et journaux intimes font fureur. Histoire d’une réhabilitation.
Questions d'un Huron sur le quai Branly
Authors: Dubé Philippe
Published: November 2014

Résumé Machine à transmettre, le musée est aussi une machine à transformer un objet de croyance vécue en objet de spectacle ou d’étude. Jusqu’où aller dans cette métamorphose, quand c’est des peuples oubliés dont il s’agit ? En février 2006 s’ouvrira au quai Branly, en bordure de Seine, un magnifique musée, consacré aux arts dits primitifs. Un spécialiste canadien s’en inquiète déjà.
Le médium cerveau est-il remplaçable ?
Authors: Hofstadter Douglas
Published: November 2014

Résumé Les rapports de notre cerveau biologique avec notre pensée sont-ils du même ordre que ceux du médium avec le message ? Jusqu’où pouvons-nous améliorer les performances du software en changeant de hardware , par exemple en remplaçant nos neurones par du silicium ? Ce remarquable article de l’auteur de Gödel Escher Bach (prix Pulitzer 1979), célèbre chercheur en intelligence artificielle (I A), répond à de retentissantes annonces qui extrapolent à partir des foudroyantes avancées de l’ordinateur. Un problème médiologique radical s’y trouve saisi à bras-le-corps, à travers un récit personnel et familier : quel lien entre l’esprit et les machines ?
L'indomptable résilience de la belote
Authors: d’Huy Pierre
Published: November 2014

Résumé La notion de résilience – passe-partout serviable sur lequel nous reviendrons bientôt – est de nature à éclairer la transmission au quotidien, ses déchirures et ses sutures. Il n’y a pas que des ruptures de chaîne irréparables. Il peut y avoir des accidents heureux. Le jeu de cartes en fait partie. Affaire sérieuse.
Le numérique contre les maths
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Yves
Published: November 2014

Résumé La « société du numérique » est celle des nombres, et donc, a priori, celle des mathématiques. Or l’enseignement de celles-ci est en crise, et les amphithéâtres des universités dans cette discipline sont clairsemés. On interroge le paradoxe : ce conflit de préséance entre l’effet et la cause.
Le couvre-chef
Authors: Soriano Paul
Published: November 2014

Résumé Le chapeau orne un chef en même temps qu’il le protège des intempéries. Mais il a bien d’autres utilités et significations.
Blog et travail du deuil
Authors: Bougnoux Daniel
Published: November 2014

On a beaucoup écrit, touchant le tournant numérique, sur les diverses formes du e-love ou du e-learning , mais rien à ma connaissance sur le e-wake ou le e-mourning , sur le deuil assisté par les nouvelles technologies. Plusieurs affinités pourtant rapprochent le rythme ou les formats du blog et le travail du deuil.
Épépé : histoire sans parole
Authors: Dumas Robert
Published: November 2014

Contemporain d’Imre Kertész, Ferenc Karinthy est né à Budapest en 1921. Traducteur de Molière et de Machiavel, il écrit essentiellement pour le théâtre. Outre Épépé , son roman publié en 1970 qui connut au moins cinq éditions françaises, très peu d’ouvrages sont disponibles dans notre langue. Il est mort à Budapest en 1992.
Comptabiliser l'intellect général
Authors: Spence Crawford
Published: November 2014

Résumé Cet article soutient que la célébration autonomiste du travail immatériel est prématurée. En montrant de quelles façons les calculs comptables pénètrent la vie sociale et continuent à organiser l’expropriation systématique du general intellect , il suggère qu’il y a des obstacles réels à la transcendance de la discipline capitaliste. Plus la socialisation du travail le rend hors-mesure, plus agités et plus élaborés sont les efforts du capital pour le mesurer et le contrôler.
Le pouvoir paradoxal du batteur de jazz
Authors: Sauvanet Pierre
Published: November 2014

Résumé Le groupe de compositeurs-improvisateurs que constitue un ensemble de jazz représente une sorte de micro-utopie sociale dans laquelle le batteur n’est pas un chef, mais le simple médiateur du temps commun. Non coercitif, le pouvoir de cohésion du rythme passe notamment par la finesse de la pulsation. Le batteur n’est pas un métronome, mais toujours à la fois dans et hors la pulsation. Le jeu de Jack DeJohnette illustre ce pouvoir paradoxal.
Le double obscur de Prométhée
Authors: Manchev Boyan
Published: November 2014

Résumé Le mythe d’Arachné, tel que le raconte Ovide, présente la potentialité de la vie comme inséparable du mouvement de la métamorphose. La métamorphose immanente de l’araignée ( arakhné ) démontre la puissance technique du corps – ou bien la tekhné en tant que sa seule puissance primitive. Ce mythe est donc beaucoup plus qu’une allégorie de la prise du pouvoir sur le corps – l’opération de fond de toute (bio)politique. Il trace les contours d’une autre opération, d’une contre-opération, l’opération de la métamorphose : le corps ne se transforme qu’à travers l’invention de nouvelles techniques par lesquelles le corps lui-même devient une nouvelle arme. Comme si le mythe d’Arachné avait complété Deleuze deux mille ans en avance : il nous faut de nouvelles armes, il nous faut donc de nouveaux corps. Telle est la leçon – et l’exemple – d’Arachné, le double obscur de Prométhée.
Des corps en public
Authors: Butler Judith , Citton Yves
Published: November 2014

Résumé Si l’espoir est une revendication impossible, alors nous exigeons l’impossible. Mais la vérité, c’est qu’il n’y a effectivement pas ici de revendications qui puissent être soumises à un arbitrage quelconque, parce que nous ne sommes pas réunis simplement pour exiger la justice économique et l’égalité sociale. Nous composons une communauté de corps ralliés dans les rues et dans les parcs.
Ethnographie de l'acampada
Authors: Serrano-Moreno Juan Enrique
Published: November 2014

Résumé Cet article traite des campements organisés par les Indignés espagnols de mai à juin 2011. L’observation ethnographique montre que derrière l’hétérogénéité des profils des campeurs se trouve une dimension générationnelle de cette mobilisation sans précédent en Espagne. L’expérience d’avoir participé aux campements a été vécue par des nombreux jeunes espagnols condamnés au chômage comme un réveil politique, un apprentissage accéléré de savoirs et d’actions, notamment ceux issus de la culture autogestionnaire.
« Soulèvements des estomacs », marches sur les frontières, occupations
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine
Published: November 2014

Résumé Des artistes, militants radicaux, artivistes se mobilisent dans les Territoires Palestiniens (de Gaza à Ramallah) dans des formes de protestation inédites dans cet espace. Bien au-delà de la critique classique contre l’occupation israélienne (comme le montre le mouvement de graphistes pour la libération des prisonniers palestiniens), la critique radicale porte sur la libéralisation du processus d’indépendance et de la construction de l’Etat Palestinien. Ils demandent que l’Etat Palestinien ait un contenu en terme de justice sociale, reconnaisse le pluralisme démocratique et les formes nouvelles de subjectivités. De nouveaux répertoires d’action concernent l’occupation de l’espace public, les marches sur les frontières et la configuration d’un espace critique et de débat au moyen de l’art.
X. et Y. c/préfet de...
Authors: Chérel Emmanuelle
Published: November 2014

« Deux avocats s’arment de l’hospitalité du droit d’auteur pour forcer l’hostilité du droit des étrangers. Là où la Préfecture voit en X. un étranger, nous voyons d’abord un auteur, tel est le déplacement introduit par les avocats Sylvia Preuss-Laussinotte et Sébastien Canevet, spécialisés respectivement en droit public des étrangers et en droit civil de la propriété intellectuelle. » Jouant avec les formes de la performance, X. et Y. c/préfet de..., dispositif des artistes Olive Martin et Patrick Bernier, se déploie sous la forme d’une plaidoirie. Emmanuelle Chérel présente une analyse de cette expérience menée aux confins de la justice et de l’art comme champs de discours particuliers. Construite à partir d’une investigation extrêmement précise du « mal nommé droit » des étrangers mais également du droit d’auteur, la Plaidoirie prolonge la réflexion sur la construction du signe artistique et son implication dans le contexte où il apparaît.
Design et écosophie
Authors: Antonioli Manola
Published: November 2014

À travers une lecture de deux textes peu connus de Félix Guattari, l’article vise à montrer les points de convergence qui existent entre le projet écosophique qu’il était en train de développer à la fin de sa vie et les enjeux contemporains du design. Un nouveau design (« mineur ») devrait aspirer à produire des « artefacts-interfaces » resingularisés et resingularisants, lieux d’une hétérogenèse qui associe éléments naturels et culturels, subjectifs et techniques. Une fois sorti de son « ère paléolithique », le design pourrait ainsi devenir (selon Guattari) un « art majeur » de l’écosophie.
Le design de la fin des marchandises
Authors: Beaucé Patrick
Published: November 2014

À travers le mouvement des Fab Labs la société civile parvient à mobiliser forces productives, savoirs scientifiques et techniques. Ces ateliers ouverts sur la cité sont une promesse d’émancipation. Les objets qu’on y conçoit et fabrique ne découpent plus des fonctions dans le tissu de nos actes mais augmentent la perception humaine, produisent de nouvelles formes de la sensibilité. Cette situation nouvelle donne au design l’opportunité de rompre avec le paradigme du « standard ».
Un romantisme de la démocratie
Authors: Laugier Sandra
Published: November 2014

Dans un texte dédié à Thoreau, Emerson, Stanley Cavell et Terrence Malick, Sandra Laugier décrit un romantisme de la démocratie, nouveau et sceptique, par lequel l’éloignement du monde se résout dans l’appropriation du commun. Voilà qui exige de renoncer au romantisme « européen » de l’exaltation du moi et de l’affect.
William Morris, romantique révolutionnaire
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: November 2014

La caractéristique centrale du romantisme comme vision du monde est la protestation culturelle contre la civilisation industrielle capitaliste moderne au nom de certaines valeurs du passé. Le socialiste anglais William Morris (1834-1896), artiste, écrivain, penseur politique, auteur du célèbre roman utopique Nouvelles de nulle part , est un des plus éminents représentants de la variante révolutionnaire du romantisme.
L'invention démocratique dans les pratiques minoritaires
Authors: Vertongen Youri Lou
Published: November 2014

L’auteur analyse l’agir politique du Comité d’Actions et de Soutien (CAS) aux migrants « sans papiers », entre 2008 et 2010 à Bruxelles. Le CAS démontre une capacité à « inventer » des pratiques de lutte lui permettant de déjouer les rapports de pouvoir entre les participants du collectif et ainsi vérifier le postulat d’égalité des intelligences dans son organisation interne, qualifiée ici de dissensuelle , au sens où l’entend Jacques Rancière. La tension amenée par ce dissensus constitutif apparaît comme une des conditions d’existence du CAS, ce qui permet son ouverture sur l’extérieur, le maintien d’une hétérogénéité interne et une pratique politique guidée par l’impératif d’expérimentation collective.
Furry Fandom : trouble dans l'espèce
Authors: Julien-Saavedra Quentin
Published: November 2014

Le Furry Fandom et sa production artistique prolifique basée sur le zoomorphisme méritent d’être découverts. Cet article présente une cartographie de cette subculture néomédiatique, mais lance aussi la réflexion sur ses spécificités : la proximité des Furries avec les médias actuels, le trouble dans l’espèce qu’ils explorent, et l’expression collective nouvelle qu’ils rendent possible.
Jésus, mari imaginaire et ressource thérapeutique
Authors: Cailleau Françoise
Published: November 2014

La médicalisation de la procréation humaine permet aux futurs parents de contourner les impasses de l’infertilité afin de mener à bien leur projet d’enfant. Toutefois, elle ne les protège pas des impondérables et les confronte, parfois, à des choix paradoxaux comme celui de l’interruption médicale de grossesse. Cet article propose de suivre le parcours d’un couple dans cette impensable fracture que représente l’arrêt d’un projet de vie et montre comment le couple a pu mobiliser ses ressources et, grâce au génogramme imaginaire, dépasser les conflits des croyances religieuses et des valeurs pour participer à la création d’un mythe commun.
The Specialized Proresolving Mediator 17-HDHA Enhances the Antibody-Mediated Immune Response against Influenza Virus: A New Class of Adjuvant?
Authors: Ramon Sesquile , Baker Steven F. , Sahler Julie M. , Kim Nina , Feldsott Eric A. , Serhan Charles N. , Martínez-Sobrido Luis , Topham David J. , Phipps Richard P.
Published: November 2014

Influenza viruses remain a critical global health concern. More efficacious vaccines are needed to protect against influenza virus, yet few adjuvants are approved for routine use. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are powerful endogenous bioactive regulators of inflammation, with great clinical translational properties. In this study, we investigated the ability of the SPM 17-HDHA to enhance the adaptive immune response using an OVA immunization model and a preclinical influenza vaccination mouse model. Our findings revealed that mice immunized with OVA plus 17-HDHA or with H1N1-derived HA protein plus 17-HDHA increased Ag-specific Ab titers. 17-HDHA increased the number of Ab-secreting cells in vitro and the number of HA-specific Ab-secreting cells present in the bone marrow. Importantly, the 17-HDHA–mediated increased Ab production was more protective against live pH1N1 influenza infection in mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biological effects of ω-3-derived SPMs on the humoral immune response. These findings illustrate a previously unknown biological link between proresolution signals and the adaptive immune system. Furthermore, this work has important implications for the understanding of B cell biology, as well as the development of new potential vaccine adjuvants.
Nonenzymatic Conversion of ADP-Ribosylated Arginines to Ornithine Alters the Biological Activities of Human Neutrophil Peptide-1
Authors: Stevens Linda A. , Barbieri Joseph T. , Piszczek Grzegorz , Otuonye Amy N. , Levine Rodney L. , Zheng Gang , Moss Joel
Published: November 2014

Activated neutrophils, recruited to the airway of diseased lung, release human neutrophil peptides (HNP1–4) that are cytotoxic to airway cells as well as microbes. Airway epithelial cells express arginine-specific ADP ribosyltransferase (ART)-1, a GPI-anchored ART that transfers ADP-ribose from NAD to arginines 14 and 24 of HNP-1. We previously reported that ADP-ribosyl-arginine is converted nonenzymatically to ornithine and that ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 and ADP-ribosyl-HNP-(ornithine) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, indicating that these reactions occur in vivo. To determine effects of HNP-ornithine on the airway, three analogs of HNP-1, HNP-(R14orn), HNP-(R24orn), and HNP-(R14,24orn), were tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus; their cytotoxic effects on A549, NCI-H441, small airway epithelial-like cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts; and their ability to stimulate IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells, and to serve as ART1 substrates. HNP and the three analogs had similar effects on IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells and were all cytotoxic for small airway epithelial cells, NCI-H441, and normal human lung fibroblasts. HNP-(R14,24orn), when compared with HNP-1 and HNP-1 with a single ornithine substitution for arginine 14 or 24, exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, but it enhanced proliferation of A549 cells and had antibacterial activity. Thus, arginines 14 and 24, which can be ADP ribosylated by ART1, are critical to the regulation of the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of HNP-1. The HNP analog, HNP-(R14,24orn), lacks the epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HNP-1, but partially retains its antibacterial activity and thus may have clinical applications in airway disease.