bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to autologous and allogeneic muscle in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Authors: Kalovidouris Apostolos E. , Pourmand Rachman , Passo Murray H. , Plotkin Zoya
Published: February 2007

We examined the proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to autologous and homologous muscle homogenates in 21 patients with early, active, untreated polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), 8 patients with chronic PM/DM, 10 patients with myopathies other than PM/DM, 7 patients with connective tissue diseases without myositis, and 12 healthy individuals. PBMC from patients with PM/DM and from control subjects were incubated with various dilutions of autologous and homologous muscle homogenates. PBMC from patients with active PM/DM underwent significant proliferation on exposure to both the autologous muscle and the homologous muscle homogenates. In contrast, PBMC from patients with chronic PM/DM, other myopathies, connective tissue diseases without myositis, and from healthy individuals did not respond to either autologous or homologous muscle. Our findings demonstrate that the PBMC of patients with PM/DM are sensitized to muscle.
Lymphoid irradiation in intractable rheumatoid arthritis. Long‐term followup of patients treated with 750 rads or 2,000 rads
Authors: Soden Muriel , Hassan Jaythoon , Scott David L. , Hanly John G. , Moriarty Michael , Whelan Alex , Feighery Conleth , Bresnihan Barry
Published: February 2007

Twenty patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to receive 750 or 2,000 rads of lymphoid irradiation (LI) in a double‐blind comparative study, and were followed for a maximum of 48 months (mean 40 months) after treatment. During followup, sustained immunomodulation (including lymphopenia, particularly of the T helper cell subset; reduced ratio of helper cells to suppressor cells; and impaired in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen) was observed. Significant improvements in early morning stiffness, Ritchie articular index, pain score, grip strength, and 15‐meter walk time were observed in both treatment groups, but these were not sustained through the followup period. Progressive joint damage was observed radiologically in both groups during followup. Thus, LI induced sustained immunosuppression, but resulted in only shortlived clinical improvement and was associated with progressive joint erosion in these patients.
Enhanced production of interleukin‐6 in mice with type II collagen–induced arthritis
Authors: Takai Yasuyuki , Seki Nobuo , Senoh Hachiro , Yokota Takashi , Lee Frank , Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Fujiwara Hiromi
Published: February 2007

We established an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)–dependent cell line from murine plasmacytoma MOPC‐104E cells. This cell line (designated PIL‐6) was found to respond to murine and to human IL‐6, but not to any other cytokines. We used this cell line to investigate the involvement of IL‐6 production in type II collagen–induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Only marginal IL‐6 activity was detected in sera from DBA/1 mice inoculated with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) alone, with an unrelated protein (bovine serum albumin) plus FCA, or with type II collagen plus Freund's incomplete adjuvant. However, enhanced IL‐6 activity was observed in DBA/1 mice that had been injected with type II collagen plus FCA to induce arthritis. The elevated level of serum IL‐6 activity was associated with high levels of IL‐6 produced when lymph node cells from arthritic mice were stimulated in vitro with type II collagen. We also found that the L3T4+ T cell subset is responsible for the enhanced production of IL‐6 in arthritic mice. The results are discussed in the context of potential roles of IL‐6 in the induction and/or expression of chronic, progressive arthritis.
Therapy for systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with γ‐interferon: A pilot study of nine patients
Authors: Pernice W. , Schuchmann L. , Dippell J. , Suschke J. , Vogel P. , Truckenbrodt H. , Schindera F. , Humburg Ch. , Brzoska J.
Published: February 2007

Nine severely ill patients with a confirmed diagnosis of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were treated with recombinant γ‐interferon (γ‐IFN) in addition to the therapy they were previously receiving for their disease. Improvements in clinical symptoms were noted in 7 of the patients, and median laboratory values also showed a marked improvement after γ‐IFN treatment. A relapse occurred in 1 patient. The results of this study should stimulate further research on the use of γ‐IFN in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in determining the appropriate effective dosage.
Prophylactic treatment of canine osteoarthritis with glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester
Authors: Altman Roy D. , Dean David D. , Muniz Ofelia E. , Howell David S.
Published: February 2007

The prophylactic effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester (GAGPS) on cartilage lesions was studied using the Pond‐Nuki model of canine osteoarthritis. Starting 2 days after anterior cruciate transection, GAGPS or saline was administered intraarticularly twice weekly for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, gross and histologic medial femoral condylar lesions had developed to a lesser degree in GAGPS‐treated dogs than in saline‐treated dogs. The uronic acid and hydroxyproline levels in cartilage were significantly higher in the GAGPS‐treated dogs than in the saline‐treated dogs. Levels of active and latent collagenase in the cartilage of GAGPS‐treated dogs were lower than in the cartilage of saline‐treated dogs. With GAGPS treatment, swelling of the cartilage, an indicator of collagen network integrity, remained near control levels. Although increased synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen may account for some of these results, we propose that one mechanism of action of GAGPS is its ability to decrease collagen degradation, either by decreasing the synthesis of collagenase or by directly inhibiting the production of collagenase in cartilage.
Clinical and radiographic improvement of bone of the second lumbar vertebra in paget's disease following therapy with etidronate disodium: A case report
Authors: Nicholas John J. , Helfrich David J. , Cooperstein Lawrence , Goodman Mark
Published: February 2007

Paget's disease of bone is most commonly seen in the spine; it may either be asymptomatic or may cause pain and neurologic impairment. We describe a patient with back pain due to Paget's disease of the second lumbar vertebra and spinal stenosis. The patient had a dramatic clinical and radiographic response to 2 courses of etidronate disodium, which was evidenced by resolution of the back pain and improvement in bony spinal stenosis. Etidronate may be effective in reversing bony spinal stenosis due to Paget's disease.
Identification of t cells in early dermal lymphocytic infiltrates in avian scleroderma
Authors: Van De Water Judy , Haapanen Lori , Boyd Richard , Abplanalp Hans , Eric Gershwin M.
Published: February 2007

University of California, Davis (UCD) line 200 chickens spontaneously develop a progressive fibrotic syndrome with features similar to those observed in human autoimmune connective tissue diseases, including fibrosis, vascular occlusion, and lymphocytic infiltration of the comb, skin, digits, and viscera. Beginning at 2 weeks post hatch, line 200 chickens develop intense lymphocytic infiltration of the comb and dorsal neck skin. To further characterize the nature of these cellular infiltrates, weekly serial skin biopsy specimens from line 200 and control birds were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining and indirect immunofluorescence with a library of mouse anti‐chicken monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte markers. In situ staining performed on serial skin sections revealed the presence of large groups of T cells beginning at 2 weeks of age. Further characterization of these infiltrates demonstrated the presence of both T helper and T cytotoxic/ suppressor cells with a mean ± SD T4:T8 ratio of 1.44 ± 0.29 by 4 weeks of age. As the lesions progressed, the infiltrates also contained distinct groups of B cells as characterized by MUI 36. In addition, the lesions were strongly positive for B‐L (Ia) antigen, which was noted on B cells, monocytes/macrophages, activated T cells, and fibroblasts. The skin sections were negative for 2 different macrophage monoclonal antibodies at all time‐points. Upon extraction from affected skin, 42.0 ± 13.06% (mean ± SD) of these cells were positive for B‐L, 35.10 ± 6.51% were T cells, and 31.25 ± 3.14% were recognized by MUI 36. Although positive staining for IgG was not found in these extracted cells, 7% of the isolated cells were positive for surface IgM.
An adsorption procedure to increase the specificity of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for lyme disease without decreasing sensitivity
Authors: Fawcett Paul T. , O'brien Ann E. , Doughty Robert A.
Published: February 2007

Previous efforts to use adsorption techniques to enhance the specificity of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to the spirochete that causes Lyme disease resulted in unacceptable reductions in assay sensitivity. We present here evidence that preadsorption of serum with Escherichia coli can enhance test specificity without significantly reducing test sensitivity.
Immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with reactive arthritis
Authors: Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J.
Published: February 2007

In reactive arthritis (ReA), including Reiter's syndrome, a close relationship between chronic enteric and genitourinary infections and the clinical features of enthesitis has been described. In contrast, in Lyme arthritis, a distinct clinical entity, chronic infection with the tick‐transmitted spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has been associated with the disease. In a prospective study, 51 patients with ReA were tested for evidence of chlamydial and spirochetal infection. The presence of Chlamydia was determined by culture in 8 patients, and 7 additional patients had markedly elevated antibody titers. In 9 patients, antibodies specific to B burgdorferi were found. Purified peripheral blood T lymphocytes of all 9 patients proliferated specifically to stimulation with macrophages pre‐pulsed with B burgdorferi antigens. Compared with other protein antigens, higher numbers of antigen‐pulsed macrophages were necessary to activate B burgdorferi–specific T cells. Although antibody titers decreased in response to antibiotic treatment in 8 of 9 patients, second‐line therapy with sulfasalazine or methotrexate was required to obtain clinical remission. These data suggest that chronic infection with B burgdorferi can cause ReA. In predisposed individuals, the arthritogenic immune response might be triggered by persisting infectious agents independent of their antigenic specificities.
Electron microscopic analysis of sequential liver biopsy samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation with light microscopic findings
Authors: Kremer Joel M. , Kaye Gordon I.
Published: February 2007

We used electron microscopy (EM) to analyze 52 biopsy samples from 22 patients who were receiving long‐term weekly oral doses of methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Forty‐eight biopsy samples were obtained after 2–6 years of continuous treatment, and 4 samples were obtained before treatment was begun. Specimens were graded for neutral fat, secondary and tertiary lysosomes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in hepatocytes, and for collagen in the perisinusoidal space (Disse's space). We examined the correlations between the EM findings and the light microscopic (LM) findings in the same biopsy specimens, and between the EM findings and the results of simultaneous monthly measures of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin levels, as well as history of alcohol consumption before MTX treatment and monthly assessments of clinical status during the course of treatment. The presence of collagen was minimally increased in these sequential biopsy samples, whereas fat, lysosomes, and SER were decreased. The SER decrease was statistically significant. EM findings of collagen in the space of Disse did not correlate with early fibrotic changes observed with LM. Thus, after as long as 6 years of weekly oral treatment with MTX, hepatic ultrastructural changes are minimal and are not clinically significant. The use of EM for sequential biopsy studies allows the quantitation of long‐term hepatic changes that may be more limited than the impression gained after LM analysis.
Immunoglobulin kappa genotype confers risk of rheumatoid arthritis among hla–dr4 negative individuals
Authors: Moxley George
Published: February 2007

Because DNA polymorphisms of immunoglobulin kappa confer risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and not all persons with RA have the HLA–DR4 marker, genomic polymorphisms of immunoglobulin kappa and HLA–DRβ were determined in white patients with RA. Compared with control subjects matched for DRβ genotype, the homozygous genotype of the constant segment of immunoglobulin kappa (Cκ) was more frequent in the subgroups of RA patients without the DRβ genotype corresponding to HLA–DR4 (relative risk 6.2, P < 0.01) and patients without DR4 or DR1 (relative risk 6.7, P = 0.013), but not in the DR4+ RA subgroup. Therefore, RA may be a genetically heterogeneous disease, with HLA–DR4 marking one genetic subset and the homozygous Cκ genotype marking another.
Antigenic specificity of rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes
Authors: Pope Richard M. , Pahlavani Mohammad A. , Lacour Edmund , Sambol Susan , Desai Basavaraj V.
Published: February 2007

The majority of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) demonstrate markers that are suggestive of prior activation. While the mechanism(s) responsible is unknown, prior studies have suggested that certain Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) antigens may preferentially activate SFL in vitro. We therefore examined the ability of RA SFL to respond to purified protein derivative and an acetone‐precipitable MT antigenic complex (AP‐MT) and compared this with the responses by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The responses were contrasted with those elicited with tetanus toxoid (TT) and mitogenic anti‐CD3. In patients with RA, the SF proliferative responses to both TT and anti‐CD3 were reduced compared with responses by PB. In contrast, the SF response to purified protein derivative was maintained, and that to AP‐MT was significantly increased, compared with PB. SF responses to AP‐MT antigens were significantly greater than those to TT. The AP‐MT activation of T lymphocytes from RA SF was characterized by an earlier peak proliferative response than that noted with matched PB. AP‐MT responsiveness was not restricted to HLA–DR4 positive patients. These observations suggest that an epitope(s) contained within the MT complex of antigens, and enriched in the AP‐MT complex, may be important in maintaining the chronic inflammation in at least some patients with RA.
Chondrolysis of the hip joint in a patient receiving long‐term hemodialysis: Histologic and biochemical evaluation
Authors: Mitrovic Dragoslav R. , Darmon Nicole , Barbara Alain , Riera Humberto , Bardin Thomas
Published: February 2007

We describe a patient undergoing long‐term hemodialysis, in whom severe chondrolysis of the hip joint developed. The chondrolysis evolved in the absence of synovial inflammation and articular chondrocalcinosis. Biochemical studies of articular cartilage retained at surgery revealed deposition of exclusively small proteoglycans in the matrix. This may have been an important factor leading to the rapid chondrolysis in this patient.
Cost‐effectiveness of inpatient and intensive outpatient treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Helewa Antoine , Bombardier Claire , Goldsmith Charles H. , Menchions Bruce , Smythe Hugh A.
Published: February 2007

Women with active rheumatoid arthritis who were judged to be in need of hospitalization were assigned at random to receive inpatient therapy (n = 35) or intensive outpatient therapy (n = 36). All relevant costs of treatment were measured. At 19 weeks, clinical outcomes, as summarized in a pooled index, were significantly better in the inpatient group (pooled index units: inpatient 0.72, outpatient 0.25; F[1,69] = 10.9, P = 0.002). Inpatient therapy produced a sustained threefold increase in efficacy, at a 2.5‐fold increase in cost to society.
Immune complex formation between IgM rheumatoid factor and IgG generated by hyaluronic acid
Authors: Faaber P. , Van Den Bersselaar L. A. M. , Van De Putte L. B. A. , Van Den Berg W. B.
Published: February 2007

Immunoglobulin inclusions are regularly detected in granulocytes obtained from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In contrast, granulocytes isolated from the blood of the same patients usually contain no immunoglobulin inclusions. Using the indirect granulocyte phagocytosis test (IGPT), we obtained evidence that this discrepancy can be explained by the finding that hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of synovial fluid, increases the avidity of rheumatoid factor (RF), resulting in the formation of IgG–IgM‐RF complexes. The addition of HA to RA sera and subsequent testing by IGPT revealed an increased uptake of the induced immune complexes by these cells, which was dependent on the HA dose. Furthermore, supplementation of normal human serum with purified IgM‐RF generated a positive IGPT result in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of HA. We conclude that HA, a component of synovial fluid, might facilitate immune complex formation in the joint cavity, resulting in the inflammatory reaction in the joints of RA patients.
Interleukin‐1–inhibitory IgG in sera from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Akama Takao , Okane Masato , Kono Ichiro , Matsui Yoshiki , Yamane Kazuhide , Kashiwagi Heihachiro
Published: February 2007

Inhibition of interleukin‐1°aL (IL‐1°aL) activity was detected in 7 of 41 serum samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These 7 sera inhibited not only IL‐1°aL–induced endothelial cell adherence to neutrophils, but also IL‐1°bT–induced endothelial cell adherence, although to a lesser extent. These sera showed no influence on tumor necrosis factor–induced endothelial cell adherence. No inhibitory activity was found in 40 sera from normal control subjects. Studies to further examine these effects included gel filtration analysis of 2 of the RA sera. The inhibitory activity was eluted near Mr 158 kd and above Mr 250 kd. Analysis by protein A affinity chromatography showed that IL‐1–inhibitory activity was present in protein A–binding fractions. Purified IgG (by DE‐52 column chromatography) from RA patients was found to be as potent an inhibitor as the protein A–binding fractions, which suggests that the major inhibitory activity in RA sera is attributable to IgG molecules. These purified IgG molecules also inhibited IL‐1–induced proliferation of mouse thymocytes but did not influence IL‐2–dependent proliferation of the CTLL‐2 murine T cell line. The 7 patients whose sera showed IL‐1–inhibitory activity had mild RA and low titers of rheumatoid factor. The findings, taken together, suggest a possible regulatory role of IL‐1–inhibitory IgG in RA disease activity.
Association of HLA–DR5 with recurrent spontaneous abortion in women treated with paternal leukocytes. Possible subclinical autoimmune disease
Authors: Bruce Smith J. , Susan Cowchock F. , Hankinson Barbara , Iftekhar Anwerunisa
Published: February 2007

The incidence of pregnancy loss is higher in patients with various autoimmune diseases than in the general population. The causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) are unknown; however, the presence of antinuclear antibodies and other antibodies in some women with RSA who are otherwise healthy suggests the possibility of underlying autoimmune disease. Because autoimmune diseases are often associated with an increased incidence of certain histocompatibility antigens, we examined the occurrence of specific HLA antigens in patients who had been treated for RSA. We found HLA–DR5 to be significantly overrepresented in the patients with RSA who aborted again after treatment with paternal mononuclear cell immunotherapy, compared with the incidence of this phenotype in a control population. Neither antinuclear antibodies nor antilymphocyte antibodies segregated with DR5. However, DR5+ patients who developed antilymphocyte antibodies after immunotherapy were more likely than all other treated patients to experience subsequent abortion (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest the possibility of an underlying autoimmune disease in these women.
Can the provision of information to patients with osteoarthritis improve functional status?. A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Weinberger Morris , Tierney William M. , Booher Patricia , Katz Barry P.
Published: February 2007

After we assessed the functional status of 439 patients with osteoarthritis, we randomly assigned them to 1 of 3 intervention groups or to a control group. The interventions consisted of providing information, and differed only in the method of delivery: by phone, in person at the clinic, or both. Physical health improved (P = 0.02), pain was reduced (P = 0.02), and psychological health improved marginally (P = 0.10) in patients contacted by phone compared with those not contacted by phone. In those contacted only at the clinic, physical health worsened (P = 0.02), but neither pain (P = 0.80) nor psychological health (P = 0.90) differed from the values in patients not contacted at the clinic. We conclude that telephone contact is a useful intervention that can enhance the functional status of patients with osteoarthritis.
Lack of association between scleroderma and types I and III procollagen gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Authors: Kratz Lisa E. , Boughman Joann A. , Needleman Barbara White
Published: February 2007

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in types I and III procollagen genes were studied in 62 scleroderma patients and 138 healthy controls. Allelic frequencies were determined for each RFLP, and comparisons were made between the 2 populations, stratifying them by race when appropriate. No statistically significant differences were observed for the frequencies of any of the RFLPs studied.
IgG subclasses of antibodies to the collagen‐like region of C1q in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Uwatoko Shu , Mannik Mart
Published: February 2007

Low molecular weight C1q‐binding IgG in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus consists of autoantibodies to the collagen‐like region of C1q. In this study, the IgG subclass distribution of these autoantibodies was examined by radial immunodiffusion with polyclonal antibodies specific for each subclass. The purified antibodies to the collagen‐like region of C1q possessed the IgG subclass distribution present in normal serum.
Untrained, unpaid, and unacknowledged: The patient as worker
Authors: Wiener Carolyn
Published: February 2007

This article considers the patient as the central worker in his or her own care. It traces the history of a concept called “illness trajectory,” explaining how this concept has been questioned, reformulated, and expanded through research among people with chronic illness. The trajectory concept illuminates the manner in which living with a chronic illness imposes on‐the‐job training on the unskilled patient as worker, who must learn to integrate biographical work, illness‐related work, and everyday life work. That this patient work is unpaid renders it invisible to a society accustomed to valuing work only as it is connected to monetary exchange. Finally, by virtue of this invisible dimension, the work patients do remains unacknowledged and unappreciated by the larger society.
Problems in access to benefits and services among persons with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Coulton Claudia J. , Zborowsky Elizabeth , Lipton Judith , Kushner Irving , Moskowitz Roland W.
Published: February 2007

This exploratory survey of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was conducted (1) to learn about the types and frequencies of disability law‐related problems encountered as a result of having RA, and (2) to assess the respective relationships between the number of disability law‐related problems reported and the patients' sociodemographic and RA disease characteristics. The underlying concern of health care and legal professionals was that the often protracted exclusionary RA diagnostic process and the episodic nature of RA could make it more difficult to establish a precise clinical diagnosis and level of disability. Therefore, patients with RA would encounter difficulties in accessing entitlements and benefits provided under disability laws. The findings from this survey were used to develop a legal manual to empower health care professionals and people with arthritis to take litigative, legislative, social action, and self‐help measures to redress the disability‐law related problems.
Compliance with treatment regimens for pediatric rheumatic diseases
Authors: Rapoff Michael A.
Published: February 2007

Children with pediatric rheumatic diseases (PRDsj are required to comply with long‐term treatment regimens that may not have immediate beneficial effects or may be required primarily to prevent further morbidity. As with other chronic disease regimens, compliance can be a significant problem that interferes with treatment efficacy and adequate clinical outcomes. This paper reviews (1 j the prevalence and types of compliance problems in the management of PRDs; (2) patient/family, disease, and regimen /actors that may be associated with treatment noncompliance; and (3) strategies for improving compliance with regimens for PRDs.
Compliance and quality of life: Confessions of a difficult patient
Authors: Liang Matthew H.
Published: February 2007

Noncompliance has been treated as a deviant behavior. This paper argues that nonadherence is more complex and is the expression of independence and a judgment about the utility of any medical, surgical, or rehabilitation intervention. The quality of one's life is a personally defined concept and so too are the reasons why a patient refuses to do what is recommended. Appropriate health behavior should be thought of as a behavior that meets the person's goals and achieves some mutually definable outcome.
Family stress and coping in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Foxall Martha J. , Kollasch Connie , McDermott Sandra
Published: February 2007

Stress and coping were examined in a sample of 30 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and their 30 spouses. Two components of stress were measured: concerns and help needs. Results showed a significant agreement between patients and spouses on total concerns. The area of greatest concern for both groups was wondering about the future. The only help need that showed a significant difference between groups was diet and nutrition. Need for information about RA was the greatest need cited by both groups. Patients used significantly more coping strategies than spouses in dealing with RA‐related stressors. Overall, cognitive restructuring was used most often by both groups. The study suggests that RA patients and spouses have similar concerns and help needs, and that while families may have lived with the RA for an extended period of time, health professionals should continuously assess concerns about the future and information needs in these families. The study results also suggest that spouses may need assistance in the use of effective coping strategies.
Improving compliance with prednisone therapy in pediatric patients with rheumatic disease
Authors: Pieper Kathryn B. , Rapoff Michael A. , Purviance Mark R. , Lindsley Carol B.
Published: February 2007

Compliance with regimens for pediatric rheumatic diseases is often poor, and few studies have evaluated strategies for improving compliance. This study utilized relatively simple behavioral and educational strategies to improve compliance with prednisone for three patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases (systemic lupus erthematosus and dermatomyositis). These strategies were implemented in a pediatric rheumatology setting and resulted in improved compliance that was maintained at 6‐ and 12‐month follow up. During baseline, patients were found to be overmedicating as well as undermedicating. This study is a systematic replication of an earlier study that demonstrated that behavioral and educational strategies can improve compliance with medications for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It also raises the possibility of overmedicating as a compliance problem to be managed.
Multivariate outcome research in arthritis implications for sample sizes
Authors: Hewett John E. , Anderson Sharon K. , Johnson Cynthia S.
Published: February 2007

Planning appropriate sample sizes prior to data collection is critical to the overall success of a research project. However, the investigator often encounters practical limitations regarding the number of subjects available. While the literature discusses the various options of analysis of clinical trial data, there is little discussion as to the sample size implications of the statistical method chosen. Since the analysis technique employed affects the required sample size, the investigator should select the analysis that is most appropriate for the data and has the most efficient sample size requirement. This paper addresses the sample size implications of three commonly used methods for comparing two populations when there are two or more outcome measures (multivariate outcome). The concepts and methods are illustrated using a Pain Management Study that was conducted using people with rheumatoid arthritis as subjects.
A novel phenotypic marker for ATM‐deficient 129S6/SvEvTac‐ATMtm1Awb/J mice
Authors: Hibma Jody C. , Neufeld Daniel A. , Halaby Marie‐Jo , Yang Da‐Qing
Published: February 2007

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a human autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration as well as many other physiological and somatic defects. ATM (A‐T, mutated), the gene mutated in A‐T, encodes a 370 kDa protein kinase. ATM knockout mouse models (ATM−/−) show growth retardation, infertility, neurological dysfunction, defects in T‐lymphocytes, and extreme sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We have recently established multiple ATM+/− breeding pairs and discovered that all ATM−/− offspring exhibit a nonpigmented section of tail, usually at or near the tip. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a phenotype of nonpigmented tail has been reported in ATM−/− knockout mice. We believe that the sections of nonpigmented tail of 129S6/SvEvTac‐ATMtm1Awb/J mice provide a novel phenotypic marker for research using this ATM knockout mouse model. Results from histochemistry and immunoblotting analysis further demonstrate that while melanocyte precursors or melanoblasts are present in the nonpigmented tail tissue of ATM−/− mice, they fail to differentiate fully into mature melanocytes. The potential connection between this phenotype and other clinical symptoms caused by ATM deficiency, such as progressive neuronal degeneration, is discussed in this article. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The problem of therapeutic evaluation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wallace Stanley L. , Ragan Charles
Published: February 2007

The difficulties encountered in the evaluation of therapy for rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed. The authors stress the necessity for controlled studies, blind comparisons of untested agents, appropriate methods for measurement of therapeutic response and statistical evaluation of results.

Le difficultates incontrate in le evalutation de therapias pro arthritis rheumatoide es delineate. Le autores sublinea le necessitate de studios a controlo, de comparationes “occultate” de nove agentes, de appropriate methodos pro le mesuration del responsa therapeutic, e del evalutation statistic del resultatos.
Salicylates and adrenocortical function in man
Authors: Peterson Ralph E. , Black Roger L. , Bunim Joseph T.
Published: February 2007

The administration of moderate doses of salicylate for a few days to normal subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced no alteration in adrenal function or hydrocortisone metabolism. Subjects given large doses of salicylate for 30 or more days showed a decreased rate of metabolism and synthesis of hydrocortisone.

Five normal controls, and four patients with active rheumatoid arthritis served as the subjects of this study.

Le administration de moderate doses de salicylatos, durante alicun dies, a subjectos normal e a patientes con arthritis rheumatoide produceva nulle alteration in le function adrenal o in le metabolismo de hydrocortisona. Individuos recipiente grande doses de salicylatos, durante periodos de 30 dies o plus, monstrava un reduction del metabolismo e del synthese de hydrocortisona.

Quatro patientes con active arthritis rheumatoide e cinque normal individuos de controlo esseva le subjectos de iste studio.
Peripheral neuritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Irby Robert , Adams Raymond A. , Toone Elam C.
Published: February 2007

Involvement of peripheral nerves has, thus far, received too little attention as a systemic manifestation of rheumatoid disease. This article describes peripheral neuropathy in six patients with rheumatoid arthritis, all of whom were receiving or had received adrenal steroid therapy. Histologic studies revealed diffuse angiitis and suggested that vascular involvement of the nerve trunk contributed to the pathogenesis of the neuropathy.

Le affection de nervos peripheric como manifestation de morbo rheumatoide non ha, usque nunc, habite le attention que illo merita. Iste articulo describe neuropathia peripheric in sex patientes con arthritis rheumatoide qui omnes recipeva o habeva recipite therapia adreno‐steroide. Studios histologic rvelava diffuse angiitis e suggereva que un affection vascular del trunco nervose contribueva al pathogenese del neuropathia.
The latex fixation test using whole serum and an euglobulin fraction in various arthritic disorders
Authors: Olsen C. Robert , Rantz Lowell A.
Published: February 2007

The euglobulin fraction of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis gave a higher percentage of positive latex fixation tests than whole sera. The results of such tests correlated with the number of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis present.

Le fraction euglobulinic de seros ab patientes con arthritis rheumatoide rendeva un plus alte procentage de tests positive de fixation a latex que seros integre. Le resultatos de tal tests se correlationava con le numero del incontrate criterios diagnostic pro arthritis rheumatoide.
Leukocyte disc method for L.E. cell test in serum and serum fractions
Authors: Fallet Georges H. , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

A simplified technic for the demonstration of the L.E. factor is described in which living granylocyte discs are deposited on glass slides and incubated with serum or serum fractions. The method was found satisfactory in 458 of 478 tests and produced results similar to other technics.

Es describite un simplificate technica pro le demonstration del factor lupo‐erythematose (L.E.). In illo, discos de vive granulocytos es deponite super plattas de vitro e incubate con sero o fractiones seral. Le methodo se provava satisfactory in 458 ex 478 tests e produceva resultatos simile a altere technicas.
Fixation of S35 in the skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: Denko Charles W. , Stoughton Richard B.
Published: February 2007

A preliminary study of the fate of radioactive sulfur (Na2S35O4) given intravenously to patients with progressive systemic sclerosis has revealed an appreciably greater radioactivity in the involved skin. The evidence presented suggests an abnormal rate of uptake of sulfur in the sclerotic skin even in the absence of progression.

Un studio preliminari del destino de sulfure radioactive (Na2S35O4), administrate intravenosemente a patientes con progressive sclerosis systemic ha revelate un appreciabilemente plus forte radio‐activitate in le pelle afficite. Le observationes reportate suggere que pelle sclerotic, mesmo in le absentia de progression del processo, accepta un proportion anormal del sulfure.
Relation of “agammaglobulinemia” sera to rheumatoid agglutination reactions
Authors: Vaughan John H. , Good Robert A.
Published: February 2007

In an effort to elucidate the nature of the polyarthritis and other systemic Lesions occurring during the course of hypogammaglobulinemia, sera from patients with hypogammaglobulinemia were tested by serveral procedures for demonstration of the rheumatoid factor or its inhibitor. Neither agglutinator of inhibitor was present in the twelve patients studied, six of whom had arthritis. A possible relationship between the arthritis of agammaglobulinemia and rheumatoid arthritis culd not be confirmed. However, for reasons described, such a relationship could not be excluded.

Con le objectivo de elucidar le natura del polyarthritis e del altere lesiones systemic que occurre in le curso de hypogammaglobulinemia, seros ab patientes con hypogammaglobulinemia esseva testate per varie technicas pro le presentia del factor rheumatoide o de su inhibitor. In le dece‐duo patientes studiate, incluse sex con arthritis, ni agglutinator ni inhibitor esseva presente. Le existentia possibile de un relation inter le arthritis de agammaglobulinemia e arthritis rheumatoide non poteva esser confirmate. Tamen, pro rationes describite, excluder le existentia de ille relation esseva etiam impossibile.
Peptic ulcer in rheumatoid patients on corticosteroid therapy. A clinical, experimental and radiologic study
Authors: Kammerer William H. , Freiberger Robert H. , Rivelis Abraham L.
Published: February 2007

An extensive study of the relationship of peptic ulcer to adrenal steroid therapy has led to the conclusion that certain corticosteroids are responsible for gastric ulceration, probably as a result of direct effects on the mucosa.

Peptic ulcer was observed radiographically in 31 per cent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving adrenal steroids but in only 9 per cent of patients not treated and 5 per cent of nonrheumatoid controls. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion were not influenced significantly by the administration of corticosteroids.

Un extense studio del relation inter ulcere peptic e therapia adreno‐steroide ha resultate in le conclusion que certe corticosteroides es responsabile pro ulceration gastric, probabilemente in consequentia de effectos directe super le mucosa.

Ulcere peptic esseva observate radio‐graphicamente in 31 pro cento de patientes con arthritis rheumatoide qui recipeva steroides adrenal sed solmente in 9 pro cento de tal patientes qui non recipeva steroides adrenal e in 5 pro cento de non‐rheumatoide subjectos de controlo. Le secretion de acido hydrochloric e de pepsina non esseva influentiate a grados significative per le administration de corticosteroides.
The latex fixation test for rheumatoid arthritis using patients' own gamma globulin
Authors: Singer Jacques M. , Plotz Charles M.
Published: February 2007

The originators of the “latex fixation test” for rheumatoid arthritis have observed that modifications of their original procedure can increase the number of positive results to 90 per cent of rheumatoid patients without increasing the frequency of false positive reactions. An ammonium sulfate fraction of the patient's own serum serves as the “reactant,” eliminating the necessity of using commercially prepared gamma globulin.

Le originators del “test de fixation a latex” pro arthritis rheumatoide ha observate que modificationes de lor technica original pote augmentar le numero del resultatos positive a 90 pro cento del patientes rheumatoide, sin augmentar le frequentia de reactiones falsemente positive. Un fraction a sulfato de ammonium obtenite ab le sero del patiente mesme servi como “reactante,” eliminante le requirimento de globulina gamma de preparation commercial.
Sialic acid in normal and arthritic human synovial fluids
Authors: Pigman Ward , Hawkins William L. , Blair Mary Grace , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

The authors report careful and significant studies of the synovial fluid concentrations of sialic acid, a term which is applied to a group of related compounds first isolated from saliva. The nature of such compounds is reviewed.

Since available methods for determining sialic acid are not specific, two colorimetric procedures were applied. A critical discussion of methodology is presented.

Increased concentrations of sialic acid were observed in both the synovial fluids and sera of rheumatoid patients.

Le autores reporta meticulose e significative studios in re le concentration—in le fluido synovial—del si‐appellate acido sialic. Iste termino es applicate a un gruppo de inter‐relationate compositos primo isolate ab specimens de saliva. Le natura de tal compositos es passate in revista.

Viste que le nunc disponibile methodos pro determinar acido sialic non es specific, duo technicas colorimetric esseva applicate. Es presentate un discussion critic del methodologia.

Augmentate concentrationes de acido sialic esseva observate in le fluidos synovial e in le seros de patientes rheumatoide.
On renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus and other so‐called collagen diseases
Authors: Pollak Victor E. , Pirani Conrad L. , Muehrcke Robert C. , Pulos Peter C. , Kark Robert M. , Steck Irving E.
Published: February 2007

Microscopic studies of renal lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and scleroderma have provided additional information concerning involvement of the kidney in these connective tissue diseases. A detailed description of the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosiis has been made possible by a technic for serial renal biopsy.

Studios microscopic de lesiones renal in patientes con systemic lupus erythematose, arthritis rheumatoide, purpura thrombocytopenic thrombotic, e scleroderma ha producite informationes additional in re le affection del ren in iste morbos del histos conjunctive. Un detaliate description del nephritis de systemic lupus erythematose ha devenite possibile gratias a un technica de biopsias renal in serie.
The effects of serum complement and its components on the rheumatoid latex fixation test
Authors: Brine Katherine L. , Wedgwood Ralph J. , Clark William S.
Published: February 2007

In the application of the rheumatoid latex fixation test, agglutination may fail to occur in the presence of high concentrations of positive sera in a pattern resembling the prozone of some antigen‐antibody reactions. The serum factors responsible for the prozone phenomenon in the rheumatoid latex fixation test have the properties of the second and fourth components of human complement.

In le application del test rheumatoide de fixation a latex, non‐agglutination pote occurrer in le presentia de alte concentrationes de seros positive. Le configuration resimila alora le prozona de certe reactiones de antigeno e anti‐corpore. Le factores seral que es responsabile pro le phenomeno prozonal in le test rheumatoide de fixation a latex ha le proprietates del secunde e del quarte componente de complemento human.
The genetically determined serum haptoglobins in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Allison A. C. , Blumberg B. S.
Published: February 2007

Serum haptoglobin concentrations were found elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The frequencies of haptoglobin types which are determined genetically were the same in rheumatoid patients as in controls. The nature of haptoglobins and methods of determination are discussed.

Esseva constatate que le concentrationes del haptoglobinas seral esseva elevate in patientes con arthritis rheumatoide. Le frequentia del typos de haptoglobina a determination genetic esseva le rnesme in patientes rheumatoide e subjectos de controlo. Le natura del haptoglobinas e methodos pro lor determination es discutite.
Observations on the treatment of rheumatic fever with salicylate, ACTH and cortisone. II. Combined salicylate and corticoid therapy and attempts at rebound suppression
Authors: Fischel Edward E. , Frank Charles W. , Boltax Adolph J. , Arcasoy Mufit
Published: February 2007

The administration of adrenal hormones combined with salicylate to 41 patients having acute rheumatic fever resulted in prompt and sustained remissions of rheumatic activity. Following cessation of hormone therapy, suppression of the disease was achieved by the continuous administration of salicylate. Although relative effectiveness of this method of treatment could not be firmly established, the observed results suggest that a combination of antirheumatic agents is beneficial.
Two‐year comparative study of serial hemagglutination tests done on groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: De Forest Gideon K. , Mucci Mary B. , Boisvert Paul L.
Published: February 2007

Additional evidence is presented which indicates a relationship between the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis and a positive hemagglutination test. Grade I remissions in cases of “definite” rheumatoid arthritis are usually accompanied by negative tests which revert to positive with exacerbation of the disease. Progressive disease in patients with “definite” rheumatoid arthritis is associated with sustained positive tests, while patients classified as having “possible” rheumatoid arthritis have negative tests.
Studies concerning the relationship of phenylbutazone to pituitary‐adrenal cortical function and metabolism of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids
Authors: Good Thomas A. , Kelley Vincent C.
Published: February 2007

Measurements of the effects of phenylbutazone on the adrenal cortex and on corticosteroid metabolism of experimental animals have indicated that therapeutic activity of this drug is probably not related to changes in adrenocortical function. Additional data concerning the influence of phenylbutazone on renal excretory activity were obtained which with previously reported observations suggested that the physiologic effects on the kidney are a result of changes in the binding capacity of body protein systems.
Observations on osteoarthritis
Authors: Waine Hans
Published: February 2007

Modern concepts of osteoarthritis are summarized by a physician who has had a sustained interest in this form of joint disease for many years. The various aspects of osteoarthritis that are reviewed include definitions, pathogenesis, pertinent research and clinicopathologic correlations in generalized osteoarthritis.
Results of a clinical trial of g‐28315, a sulfoxide analog of phenylbutazone, as a uricosuric agent in gouty subjects
Authors: Yü T. F. , Burns J. J. , Gutman Alexander B.
Published: February 2007

Two analogs of phenylbutazone, labelled G‐25671 and G‐28315, have been shown to have potent uricosuric effects. This report concerns the therapeutic properties in 44 patients of G‐28315, which is a sulfoxide metabolite of G‐25671. Although the effects of this agent compared favorably with probenecid, the periods of administration were not sufficiently long to exclude toxicity.
The incidence of leukemia and related diseases in patients with rheumatoid (ankylosing) spondylitis treated with X‐ray therapy
Authors: Silberberg Donald H. , Frohman Lawrence A. , Duff Ivan F.
Published: February 2007

In a series of 496 rheumatoid spondylitis patients treated with x‐ray, the authors have reported an incidence of leukemia over 17 times greater than expected in a comparable population. No conclusion can be drawn with respect to the exact nature of dose‐response relationship in leukemogenesis. Four of the reported leukemias arose from myeloid reticular elements of the bone marrow; the fifth case is of undetermined origin. Since the chief use of x‐ray therapy under these circumstances is as an analgesic, it would seem unwise to compound the risk of developing leukemia in these patients by its continued use unless all other forms of symptomatic treatment have failed and the patient and the physician mutually accept the possibility of this increased hazard.