bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Noise Transfer Analysis of a Flexible Supported Gearbox Based on Impedance Model and Noise Transfer Function
Authors: Ren Yafeng , Chang Shan , Liu Geng , Wang Haiwei , Bao Xueliang
Published: March 2020

To investigate the gearbox radiation noise properties under various rotational speeds, a noise prediction method based on impedance model and noise transfer function (NTF) is proposed. One only needs to extract the NTF of the housing once rapid gearbox noise prediction under different working conditions is realized. Taking a flexible supported gearbox as a research object, the external excitation of the housing (the bearing excitation load and isolator excitation load) is calculated through a gear-housing-foundation-coupled impedance model, and the noise transfer function is simulated through the vibroacoustic-coupled boundary element model; then the radiation noise is obtained. Based on this model, the noise transfer analysis of the housing is carried out, different excitation components and NTF components are compared, and the contributions of different excitation components to noise are compared. Results show that the radiation noise of gearbox is mainly excited by the high-speed bearing, while the low-speed bearing and isolator have little influence on noise. At low speed, vertical force, axial force, and moment excitation of bearings all contribute to the radiation noise while at high speed, the gearbox radiation noise is mainly generated by vertical excitation force of bearings.
Antiexplosion Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composite Explosion‐Proof Wall
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Huang Wenjia , Feng Shuai
Published: March 2020

The antiexplosion performance of an explosion‐proof wall made of engineered cementitious composite was studied, using small‐scale explosion‐proof walls made of different materials and sizes that were subjected to on‐site blasting. The dynamic responses of these walls were evaluated under blast loading using overpressure test system, digital image correlation (DIC) full‐field strain testing, and high‐speed photography recording of the crushing process. Analysis of the results of the overpressure and strain tests revealed the effect of the wall height on the overpressure behind the wall. Increasing the height of the explosion‐proof wall can improve the protection ratio of the wall by more than 2%. The variation of full‐field strain of different materials at the same burst ratio was obtained. The engineered cementitious composite explosion‐proof wall was obviously superior to that of ordinary concrete in strain control on the back‐explosion surface. These theoretical results provide references for the design of explosion‐proof walls.
Optimization of Supplier Development under Market Dynamics
Authors: Dastyar Haniyeh , Rippel Daniel , Freitag Michael
Published: March 2020

Over the last decades, supplier development has become an increasingly important concept to remain competitive in today’s markets. Therefore, manufacturers invest resources in their suppliers to increase their abilities and, ultimately, to reduce their product prices. Thereby, most approaches found in the literature focus on long-term supplier development programs. Nevertheless, today’s volatile and dynamic markets require flexible approaches to deal with this complexity. We apply Model Predictive Control to optimize the number of supplier development projects in order to achieve flexibility while maintaining a certain level of security for all parties. Thereby, the article focusses on a multimanufacturer scenario, where two manufacturers aim to develop the same supplier. These manufacturers can establish different levels of horizontal collaboration. While previous results already show the benefits of applying this approach to a static scenario, this article extends this formulation by introducing market dynamics in the numerical simulations as well as into the optimization approach. Thus, the article proposes to derive regression models using real-world data. The article evaluates the effects of real-world market dynamics on two use cases: an automotive use case and a use case from the mobile phone sector. The results show that assuming market dynamics during the optimization leads to increased or at least close-to-equal revenues across the involved partners. The average increase ranges from approximately 1% to 5% depending on the type and magnitude of the dynamics. Thereby, the results differ depending on the selected collaboration scheme. While a full-cooperative collaboration scheme benefits the least from regarding dynamics in the optimization, it results in the highest overall revenue across all partners.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Revealing Renogastric Fistula: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mellagui Yassine , Haouli Inass , Ouachaou Jamal , Aabdi Mohammed , Bkiyar Houssam , Housni Brahim
Published: March 2020

A renogastric fistula is a rare complication defined by abnormal communication between the kidney and the stomach. We report the case of a patient admitted to the intensive care unit for hemorrhagic shock following upper gastrointestinal bleeding whose radiological investigations revealed a fistulated renal hematoma in the stomach.
Novel Deng’s Grey Development Relation Model Based on Information Difference and Its Application in Sanatorium Performance Evaluation
Authors: Huang Jinxin , Dang Yaoguo , Wang Junjie , Xue Qingyuan
Published: March 2020

In view of the varying amounts of information and the difference in information value in sanatorium performance evaluation, Deng’s development relation model based on information difference is proposed herein. Firstly, the definition of panel data on sanatorium performance evaluation and the construction criteria of its optimal vector are given. Simultaneously, the indicators are standardized. In order to objectively highlight the difference of effective information among indicators, the entropy weight method is introduced to determine the weight of performance evaluation indicators in sanatoriums on the basis of traditional Deng’s correlation model avoiding the limitation of subjective effects. Furthermore, the weight of the temporal index is employed to determine the weight of performance evaluation results in different years, based on the new information priority, to dynamically evaluate the development trend of annual sanatorium performance. Finally, the performances of TS, YZ, and XZ sanatoriums are dynamically evaluated by using the proposed new grey relational model. Combined with the weight of time index, the 5-year comprehensive performance value is given. It is found that the performance level of TS sanatorium is the highest followed by YZ sanatorium and XZ sanatorium, which verifies the practicability and effectiveness of the model.
Hierarchization of Physicochemical Factors during Simultaneous Removal of Lead and Copper from the Marrakech Municipal Discharge Soils
Authors: Aityoub Abdelaaziz , Abouelfida Abdessalem , Benyaich Abdelaziz , Elmeray Mohamed , Idouhli Rachid , Koumya Yassine , Khadiri Mohyeddine
Published: March 2020

Heavy metals became a great concern for scientists due to their harmful action on the environment and human life. EDTA and NTA chelation capacity were used to assess soil decontamination. The effect of pH, ligand, soil solution contact time with agitation, soil solution ratio, and particle size were investigated, in order to prioritize them, using the design of experiment methodology (Doe): pH was the most influential factor while the ratio mass of the soil by the volume of the solution and particle size were of equal importance. EDTA was more effective as a chelator than NTA in removing metals from the soil. The contact time was not a significant factor; a contact time of 10 minutes was sufficient to extract the two metals studied. An extraction efficiency of 45% was achieved for Pb and 85% for Cu without optimization process.
A Novel Restricted Boltzmann Machine Training Algorithm with Fast Gibbs Sampling Policy
Authors: Wang Qianglong , Gao Xiaoguang , Wan Kaifang , Li Fei , Hu Zijian
Published: March 2020

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of the widely used basic models in the field of deep learning. Although many indexes are available for evaluating the advantages of RBM training algorithms, the classification accuracy is the most convincing index that can most effectively reflect its advantages. RBM training algorithms are sampling algorithms essentially based on Gibbs sampling. Studies focused on algorithmic improvements have mainly faced challenges in improving the classification accuracy of the RBM training algorithms. To address the above problem, in this paper, we propose a fast Gibbs sampling (FGS) algorithm to learn the RBM by adding accelerated weights and adjustment coefficient. An important link based on Gibbs sampling theory was established between the update of the network weights and mixing rate of Gibbs sampling chain. The proposed FGS method was used to accelerate the mixing rate of Gibbs sampling chain by adding accelerated weights and adjustment coefficients. To further validate the FGS method, numerous experiments were performed to facilitate comparisons with the classical RBM algorithm. The experiments involved learning the RBM based on standard data. The results showed that the proposed FGS method outperformed the CD, PCD, PT5, PT10, and DGS algorithms, particularly with respect to the handwriting database. The findings of our study suggest the potential applications of FGS to real-world problems and demonstrate that the proposed method can build an improved RBM for classification.
Infrared Spectrum Analysis of Goji Berry during Electrohydrodynamic Drying
Authors: Ni Jiabao , Ding Changjiang , Zhang Yaming , Cao Zhiyuan , Song Zhiqing , Hu Xiuzhen , Hao Tingjie
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to study the effects of different needle spacings on goji berry structure during electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying. The drying characteristics and the product quality parameters of goji berry during the drying process were measured. The infrared spectrum of the dried product was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the average drying rate of goji berry under different needle spacing conditions was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the average drying rate decreased with the increase of needle spacing. The change of needle spacing has great influence on goji berry polysaccharide content and flavonoid content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the infrared spectra of goji berry in each treatment group were generally similar. The first-order infrared spectra of different treatment groups were mainly different in the range of 1740 cm−1 and 2800 cm−1–2950 cm−1. The shape and intensity of the absorption peaks of the second derivative infrared spectrum of goji berry in different needle spacing treatment groups were different. When the needle spacing is 2 cm and 4 cm, there is a highly variant peak ratio and a low common peak ratio, which proves that the best drying effect is at 2 cm and 4 cm. It provides experimental and theoretical basis for the study of the application and drying mechanism of infrared spectroscopy in the field of electrohydrodynamic drying.
Study on Microscopic Roadbed Grouting Mechanism Based on CFD-DEM Coupling Algorithm
Authors: Yang Changwei , Guo Jinhao , Lian Jing , Wang Zhimeng
Published: March 2020

Grouting reinforcement technology gradually has been widely used to repair the subgrade settlement diseases, but the current single application of discrete element software or finite element software cannot effectively simulate the grouting process. Therefore, one new method is put forward in the research of grouting based on the CFD-DEM coupling principle. And then, one typical subgrade section in the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway is used to simulate the grouting process and diffusion mechanism of slurry from microlevel. Based on the results of site survey, some findings are shown as follows: First, the new method is feasible which integrates the favorable aspects of discrete elements, finite elements, and boundary elements. Second, the greater the grouting pressure, the greater the influence range of grouting, and it shows six petals shape. When the grouting pressure is small, the grouting generally shows penetration or extrusion grouting, and its influence range is small. When the grouting pressure is large enough, it is characterized by splitting grouting, and the influence range of grouting is getting larger and larger. Third, the growth rates of influence range gradually increase with the increasement of grouting pressures, and the reasonable selection of grouting pressures is very important.
Estimating Rice Panicle Temperature with Three-Layer Model
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Oue Hiroki , Luo Zhijun , Chen Ming , Liu Shiyu , Zhou Chunhuo , He Xiaowu
Published: March 2020

Rice panicle temperature (Tp) is a key factor for studying high temperature impacts on spikelet sterility. Comparing with measuring Tp by hand, a Tp simulation model could obtain Tp data readily. The two-layer energy budget model which divides the soil layer and canopy layer was widely used to predict rice canopy temperature (Tc), but panicle existed mostly in the upper layer canopy, and we have proved that Tc was different from the upper layer canopy temperature (Tc1), and the upper layer must be separated from the whole canopy for the purpose of estimating Tp. Thus, we developed the three-layer model, contained upper canopy layer with panicle (50–100 cm), lower rice canopy layer (10–40 cm), and water surface layer (≤10 cm) to estimate Tp with general meteorological and vegetation growth data. There were two steps to estimate Tp. The first step was calculating Tc1 and lower layer canopy temperature (Tc2) by solving heat balance equations with canopy resistances. And the second step was estimating Tp with following parameters: (a) the inclination factors of leaves and panicles (F1, F2, and Fp) which were decided by fitting the calculated transmissivity of downward solar radiation (TDSR) to the measured TDSR, (b) the aerodynamic resistance between the panicle and atmosphere (rap) denoted by wind speed, (c) the panicle resistance for transpiration (rp) denoted by days after heading, and (d) air temperature and humidity at the panicle’s height (Tac1 and eac1) calculated from the resistances of the pathways of sensible and latent heat fluxes in accordance with Ohm’s law. The model simulated fairly well the Tc1, Tc2, and Tp with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.76°C, 0.75°C, and 0.81°C, respectively, where RMSE of measured Tp and predicted Tp by integrated micrometeorology model for panicle and canopy temperature (IM2PACT) including two-layer model was 1.27°C. This model was validated well by two other rice cultivars, and thus, it demonstrated the three-layer model was a new feasible way to estimate Tp.
Effect of Zolpidem in the Aftermath of Traumatic Brain Injury: An MEG Study
Authors: Sripad Praveen , Rosenberg Jessica , Boers Frank , Filss Christian P. , Galldiks Norbert , Langen Karl-Josef , Clauss Ralf , Shah N. Jon , Dammers Jürgen
Published: March 2020

In the past two decades, many studies have shown the paradoxical efficacy of zolpidem, a hypnotic used to induce sleep, in transiently alleviating various disorders of consciousness such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), dystonia, and Parkinson’s disease. The mechanism of action of this effect of zolpidem is of great research interest. In this case study, we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate a fully conscious, ex-coma patient who suffered from neurological difficulties for a few years due to traumatic brain injury. For a few years after injury, the patient was under medication with zolpidem that drastically improved his symptoms. MEG recordings taken before and after zolpidem showed a reduction in power in the theta-alpha (4–12 Hz) and lower beta (15–20 Hz) frequency bands. An increase in power after zolpidem intake was found in the higher beta/lower gamma (20–43 Hz) frequency band. Source level functional connectivity measured using weighted-phase lag index showed changes after zolpidem intake. Stronger connectivity between left frontal and temporal brain regions was observed. We report that zolpidem induces a change in MEG resting power and functional connectivity in the patient. MEG is an informative and sensitive tool to detect changes in brain activity for TBI.
Complete Remission of Multiple Brain Metastases in a Patient with EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with First-Line Osimertinib without Radiotherapy
Authors: Ameku Koken , Higa Mariko
Published: March 2020

Osimertinib has demonstrated efficacy against stable or asymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials that allowed prior CNS radiotherapy. However, the efficacy of osimertinib only or the optimal treatment combination or sequence of radiotherapy has not been investigated. A 74-year-old woman diagnosed with T4N1M1c Stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation presented with a left upper lobe mass and multiple bilateral lung metastases. A total of more than 20 asymptomatic multiple brain metastases with a maximum diameter of 12 mm were diagnosed simultaneously. Osimertinib was administered as first-line treatment. Whole brain radiotherapy was deferred because she had no neurological symptoms. After 5 weeks, the multiple brain metastases disappeared completely, together with the response in the lung lesions. This case demonstrated that first-line treatment with osimertinib could even achieve complete remission of multiple brain metastases comprising as many as twenty lesions of EGFR-mutated NSCLC without radiation therapy. Radiation therapy for brain metastases can be deferred or even withheld. A new treatment strategy for EGFR mutated NSCLC with CNS metastases should be investigated using osimertinib, especially regarding optimal combination or sequence of radiotherapy.
Neuroprotection against Amyloid-β-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Mediated by Multiple Retinoic Acid-Dependent Pathways
Authors: Colas Julien , Chessel Natacha , Ouared Allaeddine , Gruz-Gibelli Emmanuelle , Marin Pascale , Herrmann François R. , Savioz Armand
Published: March 2020

In this study, we have investigated the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as a neuroprotective agent against Aβ1-42-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal SH-SY5Y and astrocytic DI TNC1 cell lines and in murine brain tissues, by single-cell gel electrophoresis. We showed that RA does not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs, as already known, but also prevents their occurrence. This effect is independent of that of other antioxidants studied, such as vitamin C, and appears to be mediated, at least in part, by changes in expression, not of the RARα, but of the PPARβ/δ and of antiamyloidogenic proteins, such as ADAM10, implying a decreased production of endogenous Aβ. Whereas Aβ1-42 needs transcription and translation for DSB production, RA protects against Aβ1-42-induced DSBs at the posttranslational level through both the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors as demonstrated by using specific antagonists. Furthermore, it could be shown by a proximity ligation assay that the PPARβ/δ-RXR interactions, not the RARα/β/γ-RXR interactions, increased in the cells when a 10 min RA treatment was followed by a 20 min Aβ1-42 treatment. Thus, the PPARβ/δ receptor, known for its antiapoptotic function, might for these short-time treatments play a role in neuroprotection via PPARβ/δ-RXR heterodimerization and possibly expression of antiamyloidogenic genes. Overall, this study shows that RA can not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs but also prevent them via the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors. It suggests that the RA-dependent pathways belong to an anti-DSB Adaptative Gene Expression (DSB-AGE) system that can be targeted by prevention strategies to preserve memory in Alzheimer’s disease and aging.
Targeting Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Anoikis and Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Progression
Authors: Sawyer Brandon T. , Qamar Lubna , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , McMellen Alexandra , Watson Zachary L. , Richer Jennifer K. , Behbakht Kian , Schlaepfer Isabel R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: March 2020

Epithelial-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Roughly 80% of patients are diagnosed with late-stage disease, which is defined by wide-spread cancer dissemination throughout the pelvic and peritoneal cavities. HGSOC dissemination is dependent on tumor cells acquiring the ability to resist anoikis (apoptosis triggered by cell detachment). Epithelial cell detachment from the underlying basement membrane or extracellular matrix leads to cellular stress, including nutrient deprivation. In this report, we examined the contribution of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in supporting anoikis resistance. We examined expression Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in a panel of HGSOC cell lines cultured in adherent and suspension conditions. With CPT1A knockdown cells, we evaluated anoikis by caspase 3/7 activity, cleaved caspase 3 immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and colony formation. We assessed CPT1A-dependent mitochondrial activity and tested the effect of exogenous oleic acid on anoikis and mitochondrial activity. In a patient-derived xenograft model, we administered etomoxir, an FAO inhibitor, and/or platinum-based chemotherapy. CPT1A is overexpressed in HGSOC, correlates with poor overall survival, and is upregulated in HGSOC cells cultured in suspension. CPT1A knockdown promoted anoikis and reduced viability of cells cultured in suspension. HGSOC cells in suspension culture are dependent on CPT1A for mitochondrial activity. In a patient-derived xenograft model of HGSOC, etomoxir significantly inhibited tumor progression.

Implications:

Targeting FAO in HGSOC to promote anoikis and attenuate dissemination is a potential approach to promote a more durable antitumor response and improve patient outcomes.
Annexin A1 Expression Capacity as a Determinant for Disease Severity in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Reischl Stefan , Troger Jasmin , Jesinghaus Moritz , Kasajima Atsuko , Wilhelm Dirk Felix , Friess Helmut , Neumann Philipp-Alexander
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by relapsing intestinal inflammation. The anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been linked to inflammatory processes in the gut. Objective: To examine ANXA1 expression patterns in the inflamed intestine of patients with CD and associate ANXA1 expression capacity with disease characteristics. Methods: Surgical specimens of patients with CD operated between 2003 and 2015 were examined. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to delineate ANXA1 expression. Those with pronounced ANXA1 expression were included in further analysis by qPCR. ANXA1 mRNA expression ratio of the inflamed to non-inflamed tissue was determined and defined as expression capacity of the tissue. Depending on their expression capacity, patients were divided into 2 groups (ANXA1-low vs. ANXA1-high), which were associated with clinical characteristics. Results: Immunohistochemical ANXA1 expression was localized in inflamed regions of the intestine. In immunofluorescence, ANXA1 costained with myeloperoxidase as neutrophil marker, CD4 and CD8 as T cell marker but not CD20 as B cell marker or CD68 as macrophage marker. In qPCR, ANXA1 mRNA expression was upregulated by 20-fold in inflamed to noninflamed tissues. Patients with higher intrinsic ANXA1 expression capacity had significantly less severity of inflammation. Furthermore, the ANXA1-high group had significantly more locally restricted disease (p = 0.0070), more stricturating disease (p = 0.0037), and was less frequently treated by preoperative steroid therapy (p = 0.030). Conclusions: ANXA1 expression was strongly associated with intestinal inflammation and expressed in T cells and neutrophils of the CD tissues. Patients with higher intrinsic ANXA1 expression capacity of the inflamed tissue presented milder inflammatory changes and indolent clinical course.
Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis in a Patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Akagawa Mai , Hattori Yuki , Mizutani Yoko , Shu En , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Seishima Mariko
Published: March 2020

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) shows various clinical features and is histologically characterized by palisaded granulomas surrounding degenerated collagen. PNGD is known to be associated with a variety of systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, PNGD has been reported to be associated with antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis. Here, we report a case of PNGD associated with GPA, which showed the infiltration of CD163-positive M2 macrophages in the skin lesion with elevated serum level of soluble CD163 (sCD163). The serum sCD163 level was reduced to normal range after systemic steroid therapy. Thus, M2 macrophages may play a role in the pathomechanisms of PNGD associated with GPA.
Carotid Artery Stenosis Is Associated with Better Intracranial Collateral Circulation in Stroke Patients
Authors: Pienimäki Juha-Pekka , Sillanpää Niko , Jolma Pasi , Protto Sara
Published: March 2020

Background: Adequate collateral circulation improves the clinical outcome of ischemic stroke patients. We evaluated the influence of ipsilateral carotid stenosis on intracranial collateral circulation in acute stroke patients. Methods: We collected the data of 385 consecutive acute stroke patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy after multimodal computed tomography (CT) imaging in a single high-volume stroke center. Patients with occlusion of the first segment (M1) segment of the middle cerebral artery were included. We recorded baseline clinical, laboratory, procedural, and imaging variables and technical, imaging, and clinical outcomes. The effect of carotid stenosis on intracranial collateral circulation was studied with appropriate statistical tests and ordinal regression analysis. Results: Fifty out of the 247 patients eligible for analysis had severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis (≥75%). These patients were 4-times more likely to have very good intracranial collaterals (Collateral Score 3–4, p = 0.001) than the nonstenotic and slightly stenotic (<75%) patients. The severely stenotic patients had a longer mean operation time (41 vs. 29 min to reperfusion, respectively, p = 0.001). Nevertheless, 54% of severely stenotic patients had good 3-month clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Carotid artery stenosis of over 75% of vessel diameter was associated with better intracranial collateral circulation of patients with acute ischemic stroke. This did not significantly change the 3-month clinical outcome.
Calculation of Prognostic Scores, Using Delayed Imaging, Outperforms Baseline Assessments in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lun Ronda , Yogendrakumar Vignan , Demchuk Andrew M. , Aviv Richard I. , Rodriguez-Luna David , Molina Carlos A. , Silva Yolanda , Dzialowski Imanuel , Kobayashi Adam , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Gubitz Gordon , Srivastava Padma , Roy Jayanta , Kase Carlos S. , Bhatia Rohit , Hill Michael D. , Dowlatshahi Dar
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose—

Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are often subject to rapid deterioration due to hematoma expansion. Current prognostic scores are largely based on the assessment of baseline radiographic characteristics and do not account for subsequent changes. We propose that calculation of prognostic scores using delayed imaging will have better predictive values for long-term mortality compared with baseline assessments.

Methods—

We analyzed prospectively collected data from the multicenter PREDICT study (Prediction of Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using the CT-Angiography Spot Sign). We calculated the ICH Score, Functional Outcome in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage (FUNC) Score, and modified ICH Score using imaging data at initial presentation and at 24 hours. The primary outcome was mortality at 90 days. We generated receiver operating characteristic curves for all 3 scores, both at baseline and at 24 hours, and assessed predictive accuracy for 90-day mortality with their respective area under the curve. Competing curves were assessed with nonparametric methods.

Results—

The analysis included 280 patients, with a 90-day mortality rate of 25.4%. All 3 prognostic scores calculated using 24-hour imaging were more predictive of mortality as compared with baseline: the area under the curve was 0.82 at 24 hours (95% CI, 0.76–0.87) compared with 0.78 at baseline (95% CI, 0.72–0.84) for ICH Score, 0.84 at 24 hours (95% CI, 0.79–0.89) compared with 0.76 at baseline (95% CI, 0.70–0.83) for FUNC, and 0.82 at 24 hours (95% CI, 0.76–0.88) compared with 0.74 at baseline (95% CI, 0.67–0.81) for modified ICH Score.

Conclusions—

Calculation of the ICH Score, FUNC Score, and modified ICH Score using 24-hour imaging demonstrated better prognostic value in predicting 90-day mortality compared with those calculated at presentation.
ÇALIŞMA ORTAMI VE SAĞLIK GÖZETİMİ HİZMETLERİ ETKİNLİĞİNİN ÇALIŞAN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ÖZEL GÜVENLİK SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ARPAT Bülent , BERTAN Beyza
Published: March 2020

İşyeri tehlike sınıfları tebliğine
göre özel güvenlik görevlilerinin gerçekleştirdikleri iş ve işlemler “tehlikeli”
sınıfta değerlendirilmektedir. Özel güvenlik sektörü, yaklaşık 300 bin
çalışanıyla hizmet sektörü içinde en büyük istihdamı oluşturmaktadır. Hizmet
sektörü, çeşitli etkinlik ve çalışmaların yapıldığı, somut madde üretiminin
bulunmadığı insan merkezli bir sektördür. İş kazası ve meslek hastalığı riski,
çeşitli risk faktörleri tarafından bu sektör çalışanlarını da sürekli olarak tehdit
etmektedir. Bu sebeple çalışma ortamlarında tespit edilen kaza ve hastalık
tehdidi içeren eksikliklerin giderilmesi üzerine çalışan görüşlerini alıp,
çalışma ortamlarının sağlık ve güvenlik açısından değerlendirilmesi önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, ortak sağlık ve güvenlik birimlerinde (OSGB) görev
yapan iş güvenliği uzmanları ve işyeri hekimlerinin çalışma ortamı ve sağlık
gözetimi faaliyetlerinin etkinliğini güvenlik sektörü çalışanları perspektifinden
değerlendirmektir. Araştırma örneklemi, İstanbul ili Anadolu yakasında faaliyet
gösteren bir özel güvenlik firması olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama
amacıyla anket yöntem, kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen yanıtlarla, özel güvenlik
sektöründe ortaya çıkan İSG ihtiyaçları tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, günümüzde
giderek artan sayıda ortaya çıkmaya başlayan hizmet sektörüne ait tehlike ve
risklerin belirlenmesi ve giderilebilmesine katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.
Çalışma nicel araştırma deseninde ve kesitsel yapıdadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama
yöntemleri kullanılarak sonuca gidilmiştir. Araştırmanın analizinde betimsel
yöntemler ile çıkarımsal yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre çalışma
ortamı gözetiminin etkinliği sağlık gözetimi etkinliğine göre daha yüksek
düzeydedir. Cinsiyet, medeni durum ve eğitim düzeyleri ile çalışma ortamı gözetimi
etkinliği arasında ilişki tespit edilmemiş iken, yaş bakımından anlamlı bir
ilişki bulgulanmıştır. İşyeri hekimi ziyaretleri ile yürütülen sağlık gözetimi ile
cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyleri arasında ilişki tespit edilmemiş iken, medeni
durum ve yaş ile ilişkili olduğu bulgulanmıştır.
KUR KRİZLERİ TANIMI VE TÜRKİYE 2006-2018 DÖNEMİ KUR KRİZLERİ
Authors: YOKUŞ Turgut , AY Ahmet
Published: March 2020

Ekonomistler arasında kur krizi vakasının tanımı konusunda, kesin bir görüş birliği sağlanamamıştır. Ancak kur krizi, literatürde genel tanım olarak; nominal kur, reel kur, döviz rezervleri, faiz, enflasyon gibi değişkenlerden oluşturulan bir endeks değerinin geçmiş trende bağlı belirlenen bir eşik değerden büyük bir oranda sapması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, literatür kapsamında kur krizi tanımları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca başarılı ve başarısız spekülatif kur ataklarını da dikkate alan Kur Piyasa Baskı Endeksi (Exchange Market Pressure Index: EMPI) kapsamında Türkiye 2006Q1-2018Q4 verileri, 10 farklı EMPI hesaplanarak kur krizi vakaları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Türkiye ekonomisinin 2006Q1-2018Q4 arasındaki 54 çeyreklik dönemde 10 farklı kur krizi tanımından en az birine giren 8 kur krizi dönemi tespit edilmiştir. Bu 10 farklı kur krizi tanımının tamamında tespit edilen kur krizi ise, 2018Q3 döneminde gerçekleşmiştir.
No Gender Polarity in Arabic Numeral Phrases
Authors: Alqarni Muteb
Published: March 2020

Gender polarity is an intriguing morphological phenomenon in Arabic. The numerals 3–10 take the gender opposite to that of their count nouns; that is, when the count noun is feminine, the numerals 3–10 appear in the masculine form, and vice versa. Earlier analyses (see, e.g., Alqassas 2013, 2017, Alqarni 2015) proposed that the numerals 3–10 bear an inherent feminine feature, which is deleted by an impoverishment rule in the presence of a feminine feature on the count noun, yielding gender polarity. This article provides empirical counterevidence to these analyses and the concept of gender polarity on the whole. It shows that the numerals 3–10 do not interact with the gender of the count noun; rather, they interact with the count noun’s morphology—that is, whether the count noun bears the morpheme /at/ or /a:tu/-/a:ti/ in its structure. These findings suggest that gender polarity in Arabic is a misnomer; the phenomenon should instead be termed morpheme polarity. Rather than implementing the impoverishment rules proposed in earlier analyses, this article uses readjustment rules to account for the morpheme polarity at hand.
The Masculinity of Jeremiah
Authors: Asikainen Susanna
Published: March 2020

Although the majority of the Hebrew Bible prophets are men, their masculinity has rarely been examined. This article analyzes the masculinity of Jeremiah vis-à-vis traditional hegemonic ideals of masculinity. These ideals include sexual, physical, and inner strength as well as authority and persuasive speech. The book of Jeremiah values these traditional ideals but Jeremiah himself is not a hegemonically masculine man. He does not exhibit sexual strength since he is not married and has no children. He lacks masculine authority when he does not succeed in persuading his opponents. Whereas God shows masculine physical strength, Jeremiah does not defend himself against his opponents. Jeremiah also lacks inner strength when he complains to God in his so-called confessions.
Conserving Wolves by Transforming Them? The Transformative Effects of Technologies of Government in Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Stokland Håkon B.
Published: March 2020

This article investigates the construction of instruments and techniques employed in the management of Norwegian wolves since the early 1980s by construing the tools as technologies of government. The proliferation of such instruments and techniques, constructed to effect protection in practice, has transformed Norwegian wolves in significant ways. Unlike the historic population, which often went through large variations in numbers and was spread throughout large parts of the country, the current population of wolves is regulated to stay at a fixed number and within a relatively small wolf-zone. The current population is also highly amenable to detailed government; the number and location of the wolves, and even the genetic composition of the population over the longer term, can be reconfigured in detail. The article further argues that the general proliferation of governmental technologies in biodiversity conservation has meant similar transformations of a great number of endangered organisms.
Attitude Analysis of Child-Constructed Scenes Depicting Human Interactions with Unpopular Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Zhbanova Ksenia S. , Leffler Jeffrey L. , Rule Audrey C.
Published: March 2020

This study tested a tool that could reveal children’s attitudes toward unpopular nonhuman animals through a content analysis of constructed clipart scenes arranged and described by elementary students. Pictures were analyzed for clipart choices, pictorial themes, themes of attitudes toward nonhuman animals, and other components of verbalized statements. Most (79%) students created scenes showing humans standing surrounded by animals. Boys made more statements concerning weapons, traps, or poison and about performing violent actions against animals than girls. Girls made more statements about liking animals than boys. Ecologistic, naturalistic, humanistic, moralistic, and aesthetic themes (displaying “feminine” attitudes) were more common in the female participants’ verbalizations, while scientistic, utilitarian, dominionistic, negativistic, and neutralistic themes (displaying “masculine” attitudes) occurred more frequently in the male explanations. Both genders exhibited similar levels of “feminine” attitudes, but boys exhibited more “masculine” attitudes than girls.
Hidden for Their Protection
Authors: Decker Andrea
Published: March 2020

Dangdut, Indonesia’s most popular music genre, is a realm of gender contestation. Since the 1990s, the role of professional dangdut singer—once equally filled by men and women—has been dominated by women. In an atmosphere of increasing Islamic fervour, pious consumption, and moral panic, the public perception of gender and sexuality has serious implications for men who sing dangdut on television. Regardless of their gender identity and sexual orientation, male singers must prove themselves to be properly gendered to maintain their positions as entertainers. However, proper masculinity is a difficult target to hit, especially considering the gender diversity of off-air and backstage realities. Men use several tactics to boost perceptions of masculinity and acceptability. One way in which men who sing dangdut endeavour to prove themselves cowok banget, or super manly, is by employing symbols of Islam and the Middle East—filtered through an Indonesian lens—to communicate masculinity.
Pop Culture as Argument and Aspiration
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: March 2020

The scholarship on post-authoritarian Indonesia has taken a relatively passive attitude to theorizing popular culture—either presupposing the category absolutely, or invoking prior theorists as authorities without querying the coherence or applicability of their accounts and terminology. As the contributions to this special issue mean to suggest, the question of popular culture may require more careful consideration—not least given its alleged importance for our understanding of recent developments in politics, religion and the economy. This introductory essay provides a brief synopsis of the articles and a survey of the key issues addressed.
Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Preface
Authors: GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: March 2020

During the past 20 decades, many taxonomic and ecological studies were undertaken on different taxa of a fascinating, biologically diverse group of insects, the aculeate wasps, in different areas of the Arabian Peninsula. These wasps comprise all Aculeata, except for the ants (Formicidae) and bees (Anthophila) which are specialized monophyletic groups that have attracted more focused attention across the world. The Arabian studies have been published in the form of scattered articles in various journals, newsletters, book chapters, etc., many being rather obscure and difficult to trace. Recently, the number of such studies has increased as a result of targeted collecting projects. The results of most of these have now been published, making this an opportune time to collect all the available information into a single volume that makes it more accessible to researchers interested in this group of insects. In the process, this provides us an opportunity to estimate the diversity and distributions of aculeate wasps in the Arabian countries. This is also important for the development of the Arabian national collections, especially in aggregating taxonomic changes with their subsequent synonymous forms and pointing out the very many gaps in sampling, so indicating where additional work is needed.
Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Overview
Authors: GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: March 2020

The current knowledge of the distribution and diversity of extant aculeate wasps (Aculeata excluding ants and bees) in the Arabian Peninsula (and Socotra) is reviewed. The number of species (1096 of which about 28% are apparently endemic) represents about 3% of the world fauna, with Crabronidae the most diverse family (about 35% of Arabian species). Most species (46%) are Afrotropical, 37% are Palaearctic, and 17% are Indo-Malayan (Oriental).
Maintaining Places of Social Inclusion: Ebola and the Emergency Department
Authors: Wright April L. , Meyer Alan D. , Reay Trish , Staggs Jonathan
Published: March 2020

We introduce the concept of places of social inclusion—institutions endowed by a society or a community with material resources, meaning, and values at geographic sites where citizens can access services for specific needs—as taken-for-granted, essential, and inherently precarious. Based on our study of an emergency department that was disrupted by the threat of the Ebola virus in 2014, we develop a process model to explain how a place of social inclusion can be maintained by custodians. We show how these custodians—in our fieldsite, doctors and nurses—experience and engage in institutional work to manage different levels of tension between the value of inclusion and the reality of finite resources, as well as tension between inclusion and the desire for safety. We also demonstrate how the interplay of custodians’ emotions is integral to maintaining the place of social inclusion. The primary contribution of our study is to shine light on places of social inclusion as important institutions in democratic society. We also reveal the theoretical and practical importance of places as institutions, deepen understanding of custodians and custodianship as a form of institutional work, and offer new insight into the dynamic processes that connect emotions and institutional work.
State Interest and the State-Centered Approach to Competition Law in China
Authors: Ng Wendy
Published: March 2020

There have long been concerns and speculation that China’s competition authorities are using the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) to pursue public interest objectives and prioritizing them over competition. This article explores whether and how public interest factors are relevant to the administrative enforcement of the AML. It shows that, rather than public interest, it is “state interest” and China’s state-centered approach to competition law that more aptly explains the AML and its administrative enforcement.
Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Primpke Sebastian , Cross Richard K. , Mintenig Svenja M. , Simon Marta , Vianello Alvise , Gerdts Gunnar , Vollertsen Jes
Published: March 2020

Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous within the environment, but the approaches to analysis of this contaminant are currently quite diverse, with a number of analytical methods available. The comparability of results is hindered as even for a single analytical method such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) the different instruments currently available do not allow a harmonized analysis. To overcome this limitation, a new free of charge software tool, allowing the systematic identification of MP in the environment (siMPle) was developed. This software tool allows a rapid and harmonized analysis of MP across FT-IR systems from different manufacturers (Bruker Hyperion 3000, Agilent Cary 620/670, PerkinElmer Spotlight 400, and Thermo Fischer Scientific Nicolet iN10). Using the same database and the automated analysis pipeline in siMPle, MP were identified in samples that were analyzed with instruments with different detector systems as well as optical resolutions and the results discussed.
A forensic evaluation of plague – a re-emerging infectious disease with biowarfare potential
Authors: Byard Roger W.
Published: March 2020

Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the gram-negative cocco-bacillus Yersinia pestis. It has been responsible for 200 million deaths throughout history with three major pandemics. There are three forms: bubonic, septicaemic and pneumonic, each carrying a significant mortality rate. The usual transmission is from fleas carried by rodents. Recently, it has been listed as one of the reemerging infectious diseases globally, with a potential use in bioterrorism. At autopsy there may be lymphadenopathy, fulminant pneumonia or diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. However any organ may be affected with myocarditis, meningitis, pharyngitis and hepatic and splenic necrosis. The lethality of plague with the resurgence in numbers of cases, development of antibiotic resistance, recent occurrence in urban areas and the lack of a vaccine make it a disease not to be missed in the mortuary.
Is There Crowd Wisdom in Accounting? Evidence From Forecasts in Equity-Based Crowdfunding
Authors: Jo Koren M. , Yang Shuo
Published: March 2020

In this article, we study detailed financial forecasts provided by entrepreneurs who seek funds via equity-based crowdfunding on a leading U.K. platform. We investigate (a) what forecast signals investors react to, (b) whether investors can filter out the optimistic bias in forecasts, and (c) whether forecasts are predictive of a venture’s likelihood of survival. We provide strong evidence that entrepreneurs systematically overestimate sales, earnings, profit margin, and assets, and underestimate leverage. Despite the poor forecast quality, investors incorporate forecasted sales, subsequent equity and debt financing, and dividend payments in their investment decisions, but they do not react strongly to other signals. Some evidence suggests that investors are able to detect ex post optimistically biased forecasts among funded projects. However, none of the forecast signals investors react to can predict a higher likelihood of a venture’s survival. Overall, we find mixed evidence regarding crowd wisdom in accounting in the equity-based crowdfunding market.
Can Firms Be Both Broad and Deep? Exploring Interdependencies Between Horizontal and Vertical Firm Scope
Authors: Brahm Francisco , Parmigiani Anne , Tarziján Jorge
Published: March 2020

Firms can be horizontally diversified, with considerable breadth, or vertically integrated, with great depth. This study explores how breadth and depth affect each other as influenced by capability requirements and coordination demands. Using construction industry data, we assess the interdependence between contractors’ portfolios of building types (horizontal scope) and the extent of integration of the activities needed to complete each project (vertical scope). We find that vertical and horizontal scope have a negative interdependency only when contractors face managerial constraints due to coordination challenges. Further, we show that this effect can be mitigated through organizational structures that centralize key functions. Our findings highlight the importance of coordination in the theory of the firm, as we link firm boundaries to managerial coordination and internal organization.