bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Cumulus Cloud Scenes from High‐resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Zhang Zili , Liang Xiaohui , Yuan Chunqiang , Li Frederick W.B.
Published: October 2017

We present a reconstruction framework, which fits physically‐based constraints to model large‐scale cloud scenes from satellite images. Applications include weather phenomena visualization, flight simulation, and weather spotter training. In our method, the cloud shape is assumed to be composed of a cloud top surface and a nearly flat cloud base surface. Based on this, an effective method of multi‐spectral data processing is developed to obtain relevant information for calculating the cloud base height and the cloud top height, including ground temperature, cloud top temperature and cloud shadow. A lapse rate model is proposed to formulate cloud shape as an implicit function of temperature lapse rate and cloud base temperature. After obtaining initial cloud shapes, we enrich the shapes by a fractal method and represent reconstructed clouds by a particle system. Experiment results demonstrate the capability of our method in generating physically sound large‐scale cloud scenes from high‐resolution satellite images.
Salivary C‐reactive protein and mean platelet volume in diagnosis of late‐onset neonatal pneumonia
Authors: Omran Ahmed , Ali Mohammed , Mohammad Mai H.S. , Zekry Osama
Published: October 2017

Background

Neonatal pneumonia is an important and major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide therefore; its early detection plays a crucial role in successful therapy. Analysis of saliva as a non‐invasive method for detection of neonatal diseases holds great promise for improving health care. Till now, salivary C‐reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets/lymphocytes ratio (PLR) have not been studied as markers of diagnosis in neonatal pneumonia.

Objective

To assess the applicability of salivary CRP, MPV, NLR and PLR as diagnostic markers in late‐onset neonatal pneumonia.

Methods

A prospective case control study of 70 full‐term neonates, 35 with late‐onset neonatal pneumonia and 35 healthy controls, was enrolled. Serum and salivary CRP concentrations were measured by ELISA, while MPV, NLR and PLR were measured by automated blood cell counter.

Results

This study showed a statistically significant difference between salivary CRP means in neonates with late‐onset neonatal pneumonia vs control neonates (6.2 ± 4.6 and 2.8 ± 1.9 ng/L) respectively. At the cutoff point of 3.8 ng/L, salivary CRP showed 91.4% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity. Salivary CRP also showed accuracy in predicting elevated serum CRP in neonates with pneumonia. MPV showed a significant difference between pneumonia and controls (mean = 10.2 ± 0.7, 8 ± 0.5) respectively. At cutoff point 9.0, it has 80% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

The present study showed for the first time that both salivary CRP and MPV are suitable as diagnostic markers in late‐onset neonatal pneumonia.
Venom is beneficial but not essential for development and survival of Nasonia
Authors: MARTINSON ELLEN O. , WERREN JOHN H.
Published: October 2017

1. Parasitoid wasps sting and inject venom into arthropod hosts, which alters host metabolism and development while keeping the host alive for several days, presumably to induce benefits for the parasitoid young.

2. This study investigates the consequences of host envenomation on development and fitness of wasp larvae in the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis, by comparing wasps reared on live unstung, previously stung, and cold‐killed hosts. Developmental arrest and suppression of host response to larvae are major venom effects that occur in both stung and cold‐killed hosts, but not in unstung hosts, whereas cold‐killed hosts lack venom effects that require a living host. Thus, cold‐killed hosts mimic some of the effects of venom, but not others.

3. Eggs placed on live unstung hosts have significantly higher mortality during development; however, successfully developing wasps from these hosts have similar lifetime fecundity to that of wasps from cold‐killed or stung hosts. Therefore, although venom is beneficial, it is not required for wasp survival.

4. While wasps developing on both cold‐killed and stung hosts have similar fitness levels, rearing multiple generations on cold‐killed hosts results in significant fitness reductions of wasps.

5. It is concluded that the largest benefits of venom are induction of host developmental arrest and suppression of host response to larva (e.g. immune responses), although more subtle benefits may accrue across generations or under stressful conditions.
Altered TDP‐43‐dependent splicing in HSPB8‐related distal hereditary motor neuropathy and myofibrillar myopathy
Authors: Cortese A. , Laurà M. , Casali C. , Nishino I. , Hayashi Y. K. , Magri S. , Taroni F. , Stuani C. , Saveri P. , Moggio M. , Ripolone M. , Prelle A. , Pisciotta C. , Sagnelli A. , Pichiecchio A. , Reilly M. M. , Buratti E. , Pareyson D.
Published: October 2017

Background and purpose

Mutations in the small heat‐shock protein 22 gene (HSPB8) have been associated with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2L, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) type IIa and, more recently, distal myopathy/myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) with protein aggregates and TDP‐43 inclusions. The aim was to report a novel family with HSPB8K141E‐related dHMN/MFM and to investigate, in a patient muscle biopsy, whether the presence of protein aggregates was paralleled by altered TDP‐43 function.

Methods

We reviewed clinical and genetic data. We assessed TDP‐43 expression by qPCR and alternative splicing of four previously validated direct TDP‐43 target exons in four genes by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The triplets and their mother presented in the second to third decade of life with progressive weakness affecting distal and proximal lower limb and truncal muscles. Nerve conduction study showed a motor axonal neuropathy. The clinical features, moderately raised creatin kinase levels, selective pattern of muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging and pathological changes on muscle biopsy, including the presence of protein aggregates, supported the diagnosis of a contemporary primary muscle involvement. In affected muscle tissue we observed a consistent alteration of TDP‐43‐dependent splicing in three out of four TDP‐43‐target transcripts (POLDIP3, FNIP1 and BRD8), as well as a significant decrease of TDP‐43 mRNA levels.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the role of mutated HSPB8 as a cause of a combined neuromuscular disorder encompassing dHMN and MFM with protein aggregates. We identified impaired RNA metabolism, secondary to TDP‐43 loss of function, as a possible pathological mechanism of HSPB8K141E toxicity, leading to muscle and nerve degeneration.
Public sector audit history in Britain and Australia
Authors: Bunn Michelle , Pilcher Robyn , Gilchrist David
Published: October 2017

The introduction of an independent public sector audit function was a critical element in the nineteenth century constitutional reforms of parliamentary and government accountability and created an essential precedent for current practice. By examining the extent of scholarly research on public sector audit history, findings reveal considerable research examined the teleological development of public sector audit and the modern history in a New Public Management context. However, there has been very little published regarding the complex rationales around the origins, development and importance of independent public sector audit notwithstanding that without an appreciation of these precedents it becomes very difficult to protect the Westminster‐based system of democratic government.
Inflammatory cell death in intestinal pathologies
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Kanneganti Thirumala‐Devi
Published: October 2017

The intestinal tract is a site of intense immune cell activity that is poised to mount an effective response against a pathogen and yet maintain tolerance toward commensal bacteria and innocuous dietary antigens. The role of cell death in gut pathologies is particularly important as the intestinal epithelium undergoes self‐renewal every 4‐7 days through a continuous process of cell death and cell division. Cell death is also required for removal of infected, damaged, and cancerous cells. Certain forms of cell death trigger inflammation through release of damage‐associated molecular patterns. Further, molecules involved in cell death decisions also moonlight as critical nodes in immune signaling. The manner of cell death is, therefore, highly instructive of the immunological consequences that ensue. Perturbations in cell death pathways can impact the regulation of the immune system with deleterious consequences. In this review, we discuss the various forms of cell death with a special emphasis on lytic cell death pathways of pyroptosis and necroptosis and their implications in inflammation and cancer in the gut. Understanding the implications of distinct cell death pathways will help in the development of therapeutic interventions in intestinal pathologies.
Reflective Drawing as a Tool for Reflection in Design Research
Authors: Calvo Mirian
Published: October 2017

This article explores the role of drawing as a tool for reflection. It reports on a PhD research project that aims to identify and analyse the value that co‐design processes can bring to participants and their communities. The research is associated with Leapfrog, a three‐year project funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). It aims to transform public engagement through activating participation using co‐design practices. The article reports on the analysis of initial research findings arising from a series of workshops with members of non‐profit organisations on the Isle of Mull, in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, in which co‐design practices were used. The article reflects on the use of drawing used as a tool to capture the author's reflections and her own personal development as a researcher. In this study the term ‘reflective drawing’ refers to the use of drawing as a tool to support the research reflection process within an ethnographic approach to the fieldwork. Reflective drawing is used in two different stages of the reflection process: (1) to record data during fieldwork enabling reflection‐in‐action, complementing field notes and disclosing visual and kinaesthetic learning; and (2) to recall lived experience during the reflection sessions conducted after the observed activity, which helps to establish a bridge between theory and practice. Reflection is defined as an intuitive process that enables the understanding of oneself within a context of practice. Hence, understanding reflective drawing requires exploration of the reflection process.
Is Anybody out There?: Understanding Masspersonal Communication through Expectations for Response across Social Media Platforms
Authors: French Megan , Bazarova Natalya N.
Published: October 2017

This work extends the masspersonal communication model (MPCM; O'Sullivan & Carr, 2017) by introducing anticipated interaction as a way to understand variations within the masspersonal continuum. Drawing from Thompson's mediated communication framework (1995), we argue that anticipated interaction paves the way for establishing a communicative relationship between interactants. In social media, this relationship is rooted in a sender's expectations for audience response and the imagined responsive audience. Using experience sampling, we show that anticipated interaction varies across social media. Further, we outline the relational and situational factors associated with expecting response and the specificity of imagined responsive audience. These variations and their sources characterize masspersonal communication as a socially and technologically situated practice shaped by multiple intersecting influences.
High prevalence of betanodavirus barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus as well as red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype in shellfish
Authors: Kim Y C , Kwon W J , Kim M S , Kim K I , Min J G , Jeong H D
Published: October 2017

Using two serially executed PCRs, the discriminative multiplex two‐step RT‐PCR (DMT‐2 RT‐PCR) following the detection seminested two‐step RT‐PCR (DSN‐2 RT‐PCR), we found a high frequency presence of BFNNV genotype as well as RGNNV in various domestic and imported shellfish. This was definitely different from the previous reports of outbreaks and asymptomatic infection only by the RGNNV genotype in cultured finfish in Korea. Cultivation of NNV entrapped in shellfish was performed successfully by a blind passage. Thus, in an attempt to elucidate the epidemiology of betanodavirus, experiments conducted on 969 shellfish samples concluded that (i) distribution of NNV genotype, especially BFNNV, in shellfish is clearly different from that found in finfish of the world; (ii) unlike RGNNV, which showed a high rate in summer, BFNNV showed no seasonal variation and this result suggests BFNNVs in the marine environment remain fairly constant throughout the year; and (iii) the entrapped virus in shellfish was alive and culturable in vitro. These results are the first report of high level prevalence of in vitro culturable NNV in shellfish, for both BFNNV and RGNNV, which may present a potential risk in transmitting nodaviruses to host species in a marine environment.
Psychological distress in post‐partum women after non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Japan
Authors: Takeda Eri , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Ebara Takeshi , Yotsumoto Junko , Kumagai Kyoko , Oseto Kumiko , Numabe Hironao , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi
Published: October 2017

Aim

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of psychological mental distress in post‐partum women after non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Japan.

Methods

Psychological mental distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We compared patients with (i) low pre‐NIPT K6 and low post‐partum K6 scores (control group), and (ii) low pre‐NIPT K6 and a high post‐partum K6 scores (case group).

Results

Among the 697 women who underwent NIPT, 29 (4.2%) had low pre‐NIPT K6 and high post‐partum K6 scores (case group) and 668 (95.8%) had low pre‐NIPT K6 and low post‐partum K6 scores (control). Among women with negative NIPT findings, post‐partum women with a high K6 score were compared to a control group of women with a low K6 score. Logistic regression analysis showed that primiparity (P = 0.007), low birthweight (P = 0.005) and use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (P = 0.02) and assisted reproductive technology (P = 0.05) were significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

Even if women do not feel mental distress before NIPT, they may develop mental stress post‐partum. In particular, primipara women who conceived through assisted reproductive technology (especially intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and gave birth to a low birthweight baby were more susceptible to developing post‐partum distress. Thus, it is important to educate women that support is available, with consultation with other healthcare professionals during genetic counseling if necessary. Further studies are needed in order to determine the factors associated with post‐partum mental distress.
The Economic Organization of Extended Family Households by Race or Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Reyes Adriana M.
Published: October 2017

This study examines differences in the amount of economic support or mutual benefit derived from extended family living arrangements by studying differences in monetary contributions to essential household expenditures across family units in extended family households. Using the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation, multivariate regression and selection models are estimated to assess racial differences in family contributions toward household expenses in extended family households. Extended family households have very unequal monetary contributions toward household rent and utilities, although Hispanics have less unequal monetary contributions when compared with other racial groups. Hispanic and Asian extended family households experience decreasing inequality in financial contributions as the income of each family increases, whereas no relationship between financial contributions and income is found for Whites or Blacks. This suggests a different cultural orientation to extended family living arrangements for Asians and Hispanics when compared with non‐Hispanic Whites.
Sexual Behavior and Heavy Episodic Drinking Across the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by College Attendance
Authors: Vasilenko Sara A. , Linden‐Carmichael Ashley , Lanza Stephanie T. , Patrick Megan E.
Published: October 2017

Despite a growing literature on college students’ sexual behaviors, little is known about how sexual behaviors, and their associations with alcohol, differ for college and noncollege attenders, and whether these patterns represent changes during college or an extension of pre‐college behaviors. This paper applied time‐varying effect models to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine (1) prevalence of four sexual behaviors from ages 14 to 24 and (2) how their association with frequent heavy episodic drinking varied across these ages for college and noncollege attenders. Nonattenders have higher prevalence of all sexual behaviors than college attenders across most ages; however, the association between heavy episodic drinking and sexual behaviors is stronger for college attenders during ages 18–20.
Usefulness of the index of NASH – ION for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver: An external validation study
Authors: Younes Ramy , Rosso Chiara , Petta Salvatore , Cucco Monica , Marietti Milena , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Ciancio Alessia , Abate Maria Lorena , Cammà Carlo , Smedile Antonina , Craxì Antonio , Saracco Giorgio Maria , Bugianesi Elisabetta
Published: October 2017

Background & Aims

The non‐invasive identification of steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients with Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is an unmet need in clinical practice. Index of NASH (ION) is a new tool for the prediction of NASH. We aimed to externally validate ION and to compare it with CK‐18. Since necroinflammation precedes fibrosis, we also tested ION in combination with non‐invasive tools for fibrosis.

Methods

We analysed data from 292 Italian patients (169 Southern cohort, and 123 Northern cohort) with an histological diagnosis of NAFLD. The ION, FIB‐4 and NFS scores were calculated according to published algorithms. Serum cytokeratin18‐Aspartate396 levels and liver stiffness (LS) by Fibroscan were assessed within three months from liver biopsy.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy of ION for the identification of NASH was not as satisfactory as reported (area under the ROC curve, AUROC = 0.687 [95% CI = 0.62‐0.75]). The proposed cut‐off value ≥50 showed a poor sensitivity (Se) (28%) and a good specificity (Sp) (92%), with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 30%. A new cut‐off value >26 improved Se (73%) but decreased Sp (60%) (PPV of 84% and a NPV of 43%). ION performed slightly better in obese NAFLD (AUROC = 0.700). The combination of ION and markers of fibrosis did not improve the identification of advanced liver disease.

Conclusions

ION is not feasible for the non‐invasive diagnosis of NASH across different populations of NAFLD patients, mainly because its limited reproducibility in non‐obese subjects.
Prediction and scale in savanna ecosystems
Authors: Staver A. Carla
Published: October 2017

Contents

Summary
52

I.
Introduction
52

II.
Determinants of savanna vegetation structure
53

III.
Are trees in savannas really more heterogeneous?
53

IV.
Are trees in savannas a ‘slow’ variable?
54

V.
Are trees in savannas spatially patterned?
55

VI.
Conclusions
55

Acknowledgements
55

References
56

Savannas are highly variable systems, and predicting variation, especially in the tree layer, represents a major unresolved challenge for forecasting biosphere responses to global change. Prediction to date has focused on disentangling interactions between resource limitation and chronic disturbances to identify what determines local savanna vegetation heterogeneity. By focusing at too fine a scale, this approach overlooks: sample size limitation arising from sparse tree distributions; stochasticity in demographic and environmental processes that is preserved as heterogeneity among tree populations with slow dynamics; and spatial self‐organization. Renewed focus on large (1–50 ha) permanent plots and on spatial patterns of tree‐layer variability at even larger landscape spatial scales (≥1000s of ha) promises to resolve these limitations, consistent with the goal of predicting large‐scale biosphere responses to global change.
Non‐Classical Knowledge
Authors: Jerzak Ethan
Published: October 2017

The Knower paradox purports to place surprising a priori limitations on what we can know. According to orthodoxy, it shows that we need to abandon one of three plausible and widely‐held ideas: that knowledge is factive, that we can know that knowledge is factive, and that we can use logical/mathematical reasoning to extend our knowledge via very weak single‐premise closure principles. I argue that classical logic, not any of these epistemic principles, is the culprit. I develop a consistent theory validating all these principles by combining Hartry Field's theory of truth with a modal enrichment developed for a different purpose by Michael Caie. The only casualty is classical logic: the theory avoids paradox by using a weaker‐than‐classical K3 logic.

I then assess the philosophical merits of this approach. I argue that, unlike the traditional semantic paradoxes involving extensional notions like truth, its plausibility depends on the way in which sentences are referred to—whether in natural languages via direct sentential reference, or in mathematical theories via indirect sentential reference by Gödel coding. In particular, I argue that from the perspective of natural language, my non‐classical treatment of knowledge as a predicate is plausible, while from the perspective of mathematical theories, its plausibility depends on unresolved questions about the limits of our idealized deductive capacities.
Knowledge From Forgetting
Authors: Bernecker Sven , Grundmann Thomas
Published: October 2017

This paper provides a novel argument for granting memory the status of a generative source of justification and knowledge. Memory can produce justified output beliefs and knowledge on the basis of unjustified input beliefs alone. The key to understanding how memory can generate justification and knowledge, memory generativism, is to bear in mind that memory frequently omits part of the stored information. The proposed argument depends on a broadly reliabilist approach to justification.
Cyclophilin A expression and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakano Noriyuki , Sakashita Shingo , Matsuoka Ryota , Murata Yoshihiko , Shiba‐Ishii Aya , Kobayashi Naohiro , Sato Yukio , Noguchi Masayuki
Published: October 2017

Cyclophilin A (CypA) has been reported to be upregulated in malignant tumors. CypA expression is thought to be associated with acquisition of tumor growth and anti‐apoptotic function. Although upregulation of CypA has been reported in lung adenocarcinoma, its clinicopathological significance and roles in malignant progression remain unclear. Here we investigated the implications of CypA expression for outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma specimens from 198 cases were selected and reclassified according to the World Health Organization classification (4th edition) and the Noguchi classification. CypA expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the H‐score was calculated on the basis of intensity and proportion. The specificity of the antibody used was confirmed by Western blotting and the cut‐off point was determined from the ROC curve. Sixty‐seven cases (33.8%) had low CypA expression (CypA‐L group) and 131 (66.2%) had high CypA expression (CypA‐H group). Many cases of adenocarcinoma in situ were CypA‐L, and advanced adenocarcinomas tended to be classified as CypA‐H. Clinically, patients with CypA‐H tumors showed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with CypA‐L tumors. This is the first investigation of the implications of the CypA expression level in terms of the clinical characteristics of resected lung adenocarcinomas.
Catholicism and the building of Latin American culture: The reflections of Alberto Methol Ferré
Authors: Díaz Bárbara , Podetti Ramiro
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we present the special relationship between Catholicism and Latin American history, as seen by a Latin American thinker, Alberto Methol Ferré (Uruguay, 1919–2009). It is difficult to classify Alberto Methol Ferré within a specific discipline, due to the variety of the issues that he addressed: from Theology to Philosophy, from History to Politics and Geopolitics. Closely connected to his own time, he was fully engaged with the challenging features of the century he lived in. In this article, we shall first look into Methol Ferre's intellectual sources and examine his ideas on God and on people, in particular Latin American people. We shall then explore his theological interpretation of Latin American history and sketch a perspective of the relationship between the Catholic Church and Latin America, as he perceived it.
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein‐1 (block 2), glutamate‐rich protein and sexual stage antigen Pfs25 from Chandigarh, North India
Authors: Kaur Hargobinder , Sehgal Rakesh , Goyal Kapil , Makkar Nikita , Yadav Richa , Bharti Praveen K. , Singh Neeru , Sarmah Nilanju P. , Mohapatra Pradyumna K. , Mahanta Jagadish , Bansal Devendra , Sultan Ali A. , Kanwar Jagat R.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To elucidate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in residual transmission foci of northern India.

Methods

Clinically suspected patients with malaria were screened for malaria infection by microscopy. 48 P. falciparum‐infected patients were enrolled from tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, India. Blood samples were collected from enrolled patients, genomic DNA extraction and nested PCR was performed for further species confirmation. Sanger sequencing was carried out using block 2 region of msp1, R2 region of glurp and pfs25‐specific primers.

Results

Extensive diversity was found in msp1 alleles with predominantly RO33 alleles. Overall allelic prevalence was 55.8% for RO33, 39.5% for MAD20 and 4.7% for K1. Six variants were observed in MAD20, whereas no variant was found in RO33 and K1 alleles. A phylogenetic analysis of RO33 alleles indicated more similarity to South African isolates, whereas MAD20 alleles showed similarity with South‐East Asian isolates. In glurp, extensive variation was observed with eleven different alleles based on the AAU repeats. However, pfs25 showed less diversity and was the most stable among the targeted genes.

Conclusion

Our findings document the genetic diversity among circulating strains of P. falciparum in an area of India with low malaria transmission and could have implications for control strategies to reach the national goal of malaria elimination.
Causal Relationship between Agricultural Exports and Exchange Rate: Evidence for India
Authors: Ozdemir Dicle
Published: October 2017

In this paper we empirically investigate the causal link between agricultural exports and real exchange rate in India employing linear and nonlinear causality analysis. We carry out our investigation using annual index of the quantity of agricultural exports in India and real US Dollar to Rupee exchange rate data which cover the period between 1961 and 2013. We find that there are no significant changes in the linear and nonlinear causal relations between agricultural exports and exchange rates over the sample period under investigation. However, our investigation does not provide any evidence of bidirectional or unidirectional causality between the agricultural exports to real exchange rate in India. It can be concluded that one of the key reasons for high levels of the quantity of agricultural exports in India is long-term economic growth, rather than the real value of Indian Rupee.
The Relationship between Reflective Thinking Tendencies and Social Problem Solving Abilities of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Sivaci Sadık Yüksel
Published: October 2017

The ability of reflecting thinking and problem solving are two qualities that are thought effective in education of qualitative teachers and regulations of their educational status. In this study, our aim is to examine the pre-service teachers' levels of reflective thinking and problem solving and to determine if there is a significant relationship between reflective thinking and problem solving. From this aspect, this study has the quality of relational screening model. The sample of this study includes 438 pre-service teachers studying at Kırşehir Ahi Evran University in 2015-2016 academic year. As a data collecting tool, "Reflective Thinking Scale (RTS)" and "Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)" have been used. In the study, it was seen that pre-service teachers had a moderate and above positive relationship between the reflective thinking tendencies and the scores they got from the subscales of the problem solving skills and the general scores they got from the scales. It was determined that there is a significant positive relationship between reflective thinking and problem solving. In general, it is concluded that the pre-service teachers' abilities of reflective thinking and problem solving are high.
The association between hip dysfunction and lower quarter injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Olivier Benita , Naidoo Vaneshveri , Tau Monica , Quinn Samantha-Lynn , Stewart Aimee
Published: October 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this review is to establish the association between hip dysfunction and lower quarter (low back and lower limb) injuries in long distance runners. Specifically the review question is: Are long distance runners with hip dysfunction at risk of lower quarter (low back and lower limb) injuries?
Web-based therapeutic interventions for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gibson Odette , Reilly Rachel , Harfield Stephen , Tufanaru Catalin , Ward James
Published: October 2017

Review objectives/questions:

The objective of the scoping review is to map the international scientific literature on web-based therapeutic interventions (WBTI) used by Indigenous people for assessing, managing and treating health conditions. The focus of this review is WBTIs for a broad range of health conditions, including but not limited to, communicable and non-communicable diseases, mental health conditions (including the broader concept of social and emotional wellbeing), use of harmful substances and gambling.

The questions for the scoping review are:

1. What types of WBTI used for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations have been reported in the literature?

2. What conclusions and interpretations with regards to the uptake and the effects of WBTI used for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations have been reported in the literature?

3. What recommendations for practice with regards to the use of WBTI for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations have been reported in the literature?

4. What explanations have been reported in the literature for the observed uptake of WBTI used for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations?

5. What types of outcomes have been reported in the literature for the use of WBTI for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations?

6. What explanations have been reported in the literature for the observed outcomes of WBTI used for assessing, managing and treating health conditions in Indigenous populations?
Forgiveness facilitation in palliative care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Silva Rita Santos , Caldeira Sílvia , Coelho Adriana Neves , Apóstolo João Luís Alves
Published: October 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this scoping review is to map the nature and extent of forgiveness facilitation interventions that have been implemented and evaluated in palliative care contexts. More specifically, the review questions are:

1. Which activities have been implemented and evaluated to provide the forgiveness facilitation intervention in palliative care?

2. What are the characteristics of this intervention (single or/and related activities, name, resources, frequency, duration, cultural or spiritual background)?

3. Which members of the healthcare team provide forgiveness facilitation?

4. Which outcomes (topics) have been assessed after the intervention?
Diagnostic test accuracy of self-reported frailty screening instruments in identifying community-dwelling older people at risk of frailty and pre-frailty: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ambagtsheer Rachel C. , Thompson Mark Q. , Archibald Mandy M. , Casey Mavourneen G. , Schultz Timothy J.
Published: October 2017

Review question/objective:

: The question of this systematic review is: What is the diagnostic test accuracy of self-reported frailty screening instruments among community-dwelling older people against any of the following reference standard tests: the frailty phenotype, frailty index and comprehensive geriatric assessment?
Adolescents’ decision to pursue bariatric surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Garcia Mayra G. , Watt Jennifer L.
Published: October 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this qualitative review is to identify what motivates an adolescent to pursue bariatric surgery.
ESTADO, VIVIENDA DE INTERÉS SOCIAL E INMOBILIARIAS EN MÉXICO
Authors: Merchand Rojas Marco Antonio
Published: October 2017

El objetivo este ensayo es analizar cómo el Estado mexicano, desde inicio de la década del noventa hasta mediados de 2016, ha aplicado los fundamentos del modelo neoliberal mediante reformas en política de vivienda encaminadas a privatizar el suelo rural-urbano. Para llevar a cabo esta instrumentación, el Estado deja su papel activo-interventor en la construcción de vivienda de interés social y traspasa el compromiso a los promotores inmobiliarios y a la industria de la construcción. En este artículo se utiliza el abordaje teórico y conceptual denominado modelo neoliberal para explicar las razones por las que el Estado instrumenta una política neoliberalen favor de los capitales inmobiliarios y hasta qué grado el Estado ha operado como intermediario, valido de la coerción extraeconómica o expropiación ―expulsión― y ocupación de suelos o espacios para asegurar la rentabilidad al capital inmobiliario. Se concluye que el efecto de dicho modelo neoliberal no se ha cumplido por parte de las inmobiliarias, pues no se han ofrecido casas que cumplan con los requisitos mínimos habitables (usan materiales de ínfima calidad y sus construcciones no sobrepasan los 60 m). Además, la mayoría de estos conjuntos habitacionales carecen de centros comerciales, escuelas, centros culturales y lugares de esparcimiento, por lo que se convierten en grandes dormitorios aislados de la ciudad.
Agenda building. Revisión de la literatura sobre el proceso de construcción de la agenda mediática
Authors: Aruguete Natalia
Published: October 2017

Este artículo propone una revisión bibliográfica que permite reflexionar acerca de los factores endógenos y exógenos que intervienen, con mayor o menor efectividad, en el proceso de construcción de la agenda mediática. El análisis se centra en el vínculo que hay entre los medios y los tomadores de decisiones; en la activa participación de los medios en el campo político; en la capacidad de las fuentes de información de instalar la agenda de los quiénes (Charron, 1998), y en los niveles de influencia que distintos actores ejercen sobre la agenda mediática, instalando u ocultando un asunto, y promoviendo una determinada definición de la realidad.
Aportes de la investigación-acción participativa a una teología de los signos de los tiempos en América Latina
Authors: Bacher-Martínez Carolina
Published: October 2017

El trabajo postula la convergencia entre una teología de los signos de los tiempos en América Latina y el método de la investigación-acción participativa, cuyo referente principal en sociología es el colombiano Orlando Fals Borda. Para ello correlaciona los fundamentos y los procedimientos que constituyen sendos marcos teóricos y elabora una propuesta teológico-pastoral de recepción preliminar, ofreciendo una ponderación de las posibilidades y dificultades que conlleva la práctica teológica de este enfoque.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg 070885 and Its Linalool-Adapted Mutant
Authors: Hollander Amit , Kalily Emmanuel , Shachar Dina , Yaron Sima , Danin-Poleg Yael
Published: October 2017

Here we report the genome sequences of both
Salmonella
Senftenberg 070885, a clinical isolate from the 2007 outbreak linked to basil, and its mutant linalool-adapted
S
. Senftenberg (LASS). These draft genomes of
S
. Senftenberg may enable the identification of bacterial genes responsible for resistance to basil oil.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis GF610, a Producer of Potent Anti-
Listeria
Agents
Authors: Gerst Michelle M. , Dudley Edward G. , Xiaoli Lingzi , Yousef Ahmed E.
Published: October 2017

Bacillus velezensis
GF610 was isolated from soil in Illinois, USA, and found to produce amyloliquecidin GF610, a potent two-component antimicrobial peptide. We report here the GF610 strain draft genome sequence, which contains 4.29 Mb and an overall GC content of 45.91%.
Detection and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Zoonotic G8P[14] Rotavirus Strain Isolated from a Child with Diarrhea
Authors: Steyer Andrej , Naglič Tina , Jamnikar-Ciglenečki Urška , Kuhar Urška
Published: October 2017

The group A rotavirus strain SI-2987/09 was detected in a child with severe diarrhea. The whole-genome analysis revealed the G8-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 genome constellation, which reflects the zoonotic transmission of the strain most probably from the ungulate group. This was also confirmed by the high nucleotide identity to those animal rotavirus strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum Oregon-R-modENCODE Strain BDGP2 Isolated from Drosophila melanogaster Gut
Authors: Wan Kenneth H. , Yu Charles , Park Soo , Hammonds Ann S. , Booth Benjamin W. , Celniker Susan E.
Published: October 2017

Lactobacillus plantarum
Oregon-R-modENCODE strain BDGP2 was isolated from the gut of
Drosophila melanogaster
for functional host microbial interaction studies. The complete genome comprised a single circular genome of 3,407,160 bp, with a G+C content of 44%, and four plasmids.
Three Draft Genome Sequences of Vibrio coralliilyticus Strains Isolated from Bivalve Hatcheries
Authors: Kehlet-Delgado Hanna , Richards Gary P. , Häse Claudia , Mueller Ryan S.
Published: October 2017

Reported here are the genome sequences of three
Vibrio coralliilyticus
isolates RE87, AIC-7, and 080116A. Each strain was isolated in association with oyster larvae in commercial aquaculture systems. These draft genomes will be useful for further studies in understanding the genomic features contributing to
V. coralliilyticus
pathogenicity.
Ruptured aneurysm of the artery of Adamkiewicz: is conservative management the standard of treatment in the current era?
Authors: Aguilar-Salinas Pedro , Lima Jussie , Brasiliense Leonardo B C , Hanel Ricardo A , Sauvageau Eric
Published: October 2017

Spinal aneurysms are rare lesions, and their natural history is not well known. In particular, aneurysms arising from the artery of Adamkiewicz (AA) are an extremely rare phenomenon, and given the lack of solid evidence its management remains unclear. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A spinal angiogram demonstrated a fusiform aneurysm arising from the AA. Based on the location, the absence of evident collateral circulation to the anterior spinal artery, and the available literature supporting spontaneous thrombosis, we opted for conservative management. Fifteen days after the diagnosis, a spinal angiogram demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm with no visualization of the AA. At 10-month follow-up, the patient was able to walk without assistance. Management should be done on a case-by-case basis with the goal of preserving spinal cord perfusion. Similar to previous articles, our report reinforces conservative management as a valid strategy.
Disfiguring facial pyoderma vegetans with an excellent outcome
Authors: Keitley James , Griffin Liezel , Motta Luisa , Ferguson Janice , Young Helen
Published: October 2017

We describe a case of disfiguring facial pyoderma vegetans in order to highlight the challenges in managing this rare skin condition and review the literature.

A 54-year-old woman presented to dermatology clinic with a 3-month history of a left-sided facial lesion, which had been treated as an infected sebaceous cyst. The lesion had dramatically increased in size in the weeks prior to presentation. There was a history of Crohn’s disease and ileal adenocarcinoma, both of which were in remission. A clinical diagnosis of pyoderma vegetans was made and the patient responded well to immunosuppressive therapy with oral ciclosporin. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing to residual scarring contributed to an excellent cosmetic result.
Isolated left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and recurrent strokes: to anticoagulate or not to anticoagulate, that is the question
Authors: Subahi Ahmed , Hassan Abubaker A I , Abubakar Hossam , Ibrahim Walid
Published: October 2017

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is an uncommon primary cardiomyopathy associated with significant risk of thromboembolic stroke. We report a case of a 69-year-old man with a medical history of ischaemic stroke who presented with a stroke for the second time, and during stroke workup transthoracic echo was suggestive of increased apical trabeculation. He underwent cardiac MRI study to evaluate the left ventricular structure, which revealed LVNC cardiomyopathy, which we believe is the main culprit of his recurrent strokes. Given the high risk of stroke recurrence, antiplatelets followed by anticoagulation for secondary prevention were initiated. This case demonstrates the association between LVNC and recurrent stroke, with a literature review trying to address the dilemma facing the clinician to decide on anticoagulation in such patients.
Strategies for developing sustainable health research capacity in low and middle-income countries: a prospective, qualitative study investigating the barriers and enablers to locally led clinical trial conduct in Ethiopia, Cameroon and Sri Lanka
Authors: Franzen Samuel R P , Chandler Clare , Siribaddana Sisira , Atashili Julius , Angus Brian , Lang Trudie
Published: October 2017

Objectives

In 2013, the WHO stated that unless low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) become producers of research, health goals would be hard to achieve. Among the capacities required to build a local evidence base, ability to conduct clinical trials is important. There is no evidence-based guidance for the best ways to develop locally led trial capacity. This research aims to identify the barriers and enablers to locally led clinical trial conduct in LMICs and determine strategies for their sustainable development.

Design

Prospective, multiple case study design consisting of interviews (n=34), focus group discussions (n=13) and process mapping exercises (n=10).

Setting

Case studies took place in Ethiopia (2011), Cameroon (2012) and Sri Lanka (2013).

Participants

Local health researchers with previous experiences of clinical trials or stakeholders with an interest in trials were purposively selected through registration searches and snowball sampling (n=100).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Discussion notes and transcripts were analysed using thematic coding analysis. Key themes and mechanisms were identified.

Results

Institutions and individuals were variably successful at conducting trials, but there were strong commonalities in the barriers and enablers across all levels and functions of the research systems. Transferable mechanisms were summarised into the necessary conditions for trial undertaking, which included: awareness of research, motivation, knowledge and technical skills, leadership capabilities, forming collaborations, inclusive trial operations, policy relevance and uptake and macro and institutional strengthening.

Conclusions

Barriers and enablers to locally led trial undertaking exist at all levels and functions of LMIC research systems. Establishing the necessary conditions to facilitate this research will require multiple, coordinated interventions that seek to resolve them in a systemic manner. The strategies presented in the discussion provide an evidence-based framework for a self-sustaining capacity development approach. This represents an important contribution to the literature that will be relevant for research funders, users and producers.
Longitudinal associations between marine omega-3 supplement users and coronary heart disease in a UK population-based cohort
Authors: Lentjes Marleen A H , Keogh Ruth H , Welch Ailsa A , Mulligan Angela A , Luben Robert N , Wareham Nicholas J , Khaw Kay-Tee
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Assess the association between marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake from supplements, mainly cod liver oil, and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality.

Design

Prospective cohort study, with three exposure measurements over 22 years.

Setting

Norfolk-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk, UK).

Participants

22 035 men and women from the general population, 39–79 years at recruitment.

Exposure

Supplement use was assessed in three questionnaires (1993–1998; 2002–2004; 2004–2011). Participants were grouped into non-supplement users (NSU), n-3 PUFA supplement users (SU+n3) and non–n-3 PUFA supplement users (SU-n3). Cox regression adjusted for time-point specific variables: age, smoking, prevalent illnesses, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity and season and baseline assessments of sex, social class, education and dietary intake (7-day diet diary).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

During a median of 19-year follow-up, 1562 CHD deaths were registered for 22 035 included participants.

Results

Baseline supplement use was not associated with CHD mortality, but baseline food and supplement intake of n-3 PUFA was inversely associated with CHD mortality after adjustment for fish consumption. Using time-varying covariate analysis, significant associations were observed for SU+n3 (HR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.84), but not for SU-n3 versus NSU. In further analyses, the association for SU+n3 persisted in those who did not take other supplements (HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97). Those who became SU+n3 over time or were consistent SU+n3 versus consistent NSU had a lower hazard of CHD mortality; no association with CHD was observed in those who stopped using n-3 PUFA-containing supplements.

Conclusions

Recent use of n-3 PUFA supplements was associated with a lower hazard of CHD mortality in this general population with low fish consumption. Residual confounding cannot be excluded, but the findings observed may be explained by postulated biological mechanisms and the results were specific to SU+n3.