bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SME ACCEPTANCE ON ISLAMIC SME FINANCING, AN OVERVIEW FROM ISLAMIC BANKING ATTRIBUTES
Authors: Hamzah Ahmad Aizuddin , Ibrahim Norhazlina , Shaharuddin Amir , Abd Aziz Sumaiyyah
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to integrate the theory of planned behavior—focusing on the variables of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—with the concept of Islamic banking attributes, including access to Islamic finance and product range. By doing so, it proposes a conceptual framework to determine the preferences for Islamic SME financing. The framework formulation is based on a comprehensive review of literature related to SME financing behavior and Islamic banking acceptance. This paper addresses the critical issue of inadequate financing faced by SMEs, which significantly hampers their growth potential. By identifying the existing gap in Islamic SME financing and proposing a framework to understand these preferences, this study contributes to the literature. The findings of this research will not only assist entrepreneurs in identifying alternative and reliable sources of financing to achieve their growth objectives but will also aid policymakers and other stakeholders in enhancing the lending infrastructure and related technologies for SME financing.
MOSQUE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MODEL: OPPORTUNITIES & OBSTACLES (CASE STUDY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MOSQUE)
Authors: Agusdiwana Suarni  , Nurdin Choiriah Muslimah , Nasrullah
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the financial management practices of the Muhammadiyah Mosque in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, as well as identify the challenges and opportunities that exist in mosque financial management. The qualitative research involved 35 mosques, with the mosque treasurer as the main informant. Initial findings show that the financial management of the Muhammadiyah Mosque in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, still uses simple recording methods. The Muhammadiyah Mosque in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has prepared financial reports, but they only cover cash inflows, cash outflows, and ending balances. The announcement of financial conditions is made before Friday prayers. SWOT analysis shows that one of the main obstacles is limited financial resources, while the opportunity is increasing congregational participation through awareness of the importance of financial support for mosques. This mosque must also anticipate threats such as changes in socio-economic conditions, which could affect the amount of donations received. By taking advantage of this opportunity and overcoming existing obstacles, the Muhammadiyah Mosque in Gowa Regency can improve its financial management, ensure operational continuity, and continue to provide benefits to its congregation and surrounding communities.
THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN ENCOURAGING THE MOTIVATION OF CONTRACT TEACHERS IN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS
Authors: Maulida Khusna Nur Aini  , Linando Jaya Addin
Published: November 2024

This study explores the impact of school facilities on the motivation of contract teachers within Islamic educational settings. It underscores the pivotal role of adequate infrastructure, including laboratories and technological resources, in significantly enhancing teacher motivation and performance by satisfying both their fundamental and professional needs, consistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Furthermore, positive interpersonal relationships among colleagues and the integration of Islamic values, such as cooperation and mutual support, are critical in cultivating a conducive work environment. The findings highlight the necessity of addressing facility inadequacies to promote a more motivated and effective teaching workforce.
DETERMINANTS OF CLIMATE-RELATED FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Wong Pei Shi  , Abdul Majid Jamaliah
Published: November 2024

As countries worldwide are concerned about climate change issues, the importance of climate-related financial disclosure has grown in recent years. The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) has published a framework to assist companies in preparing such reports. However, the quality of climate-related financial disclosure by companies is still discouraging. This study aims to review prior studies on the determinants of climate-related financial disclosure in alignment with TCFD recommendations. On the basis of the review, this study proposes environmental performance, corporate governance (i.e., CSR committee, chief sustainability officer, directors’ knowledge/expertise on sustainability issues) and share ownership (i.e., government share ownership and foreign share ownership), as key determinants of TCFD-aligned climate reporting. This study employs five theoretical frameworks, i.e., agency, signaling, legitimacy, stakeholder and institutional theories to formulate six hypotheses. Our conceptual analysis contributes to the literature by highlighting the relationships between these determinants and TCFD climate-related financial disclosure.
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH, LABUAN INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS
Authors: Samsulbahri Mohd Nasir , Masbaka Safiah , Awang Mohamad Dayang Nora Asmara , Stapah @ Salleh Maisyarah
Published: November 2024

Amidst Malaysia's notable unemployment challenges, there exists a burgeoning interest in harnessing entrepreneurship as a catalyst for job creation, economic advancement, and individual empowerment. This investigation endeavors to scrutinize the determinants shaping entrepreneurial inclinations among undergraduate students, particularly within the confines of Universiti Malaysia Sabah Labuan International Campus (UMSLIC). Leveraging the framework of the Theory Of Planned Behavior (TPB), this inquiry delves into the entrepreneurial aspirations of undergraduate cohorts, augmented by the incorporation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the need for achievement as pertinent variables. Data acquisition was facilitated through an online survey administered to 188 undergraduate participants at UMSLIC, employing a convenience sampling method. Subsequent hypothesis testing was carried out employing SPSS version 27. The outcomes reveal a positive correlation between Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA), Perceived Behavior Control (PBC), Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE), and Need for Achievement (NA) with Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among the targeted demographic. However, Subjective Norm (SN) was observed to bear no significant influence on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among undergraduates at UMSLIC. These empirical insights can be instrumental for policymakers in crafting tailored interventions and initiatives aimed at fostering and augmenting student engagement in entrepreneurial pursuits.
THE IMPACT TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON COMMITMENT TO CHANGE AMONG JORDANIAN GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTANT TOWARD IPSAS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Mohammad Abu Zraiq  , Masruki Rosnia
Published: November 2024

IPSAS was accepted by Jordan's government in accordance with worldwide trends. The Jordanian Ministry of Finance launched cash-basis IPSAS in 2015 and plans to implement accrual accounting by January 1, 2021. However, the commitment to change remains uneven, hindering the full shift. Moving from old accounting processes to new ones is tough. Even then, it hasn't been implemented, creating a gap due to the difficulty in committing to new accounting standards throughout implementation due to obstacles. Thus, knowing government accountants' issues is essential to applying IPSAS in government accounting. This study examines how transformational leadership affects government accountants' commitment to IPSAS adoption in Jordan's public sector. This study used a quantitative approach to survey Jordanian Ministry of Finance accountants. The 384-person study had a 78% response rate. Additionally, PLS-SEM was used to confirm variable relationships. Transformational leadership positively predicted IPSAS implementation, according to the study.
Blockchain Technology and Sanitary Aspects of the Water Supply
Authors:   Computer Science, Information Systems and Technology, London campus, Ulster, Solent and Roehampton Universities UK, J Herzog David , J Herzog Nitsa ,   Data Science Technology Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, London campus, UK
Published: November 2024

Technological advances in the last decades have led to the realization of the concept of a smart environment. A significant
part of this development is decentralized ledger technology and its variant, a blockchain. The blockchain database is
immutable, open to all stakeholders, secure by architecture and robust. Applying a blockchain in water supply sanitary
control creates opportunities for optimization, higher quality of service, cost reduction, better sanitary standards
and public control. Physical, chemical, and biological water supply contamination is a great source of public health
hazards. Implementation of a blockchain for water supply IoT, from the source point to the consumption point, enables
effective response to changing environments, possible cross-contamination, stormwater management or disaster and
emergency action. The chapter encompasses all fundamental elements and principles of water collection, distribution
and consumption, with a focus on the health hazards and sanitary requirements for potable water. The chapter listed the
main contaminants, methods of their registration and elimination, and requirements for drinking water in accordance
with WHO, EU Drinking Water Directive and EPA standards. Blockchain technology solutions are described for smart
water supply, including smart supply management, smart contracts, tokenization, smart compliance systems, and, most
importantly, effective utilization of distributed ledger technologies for sanitary monitoring of water sources, water
treatment, and water distribution systems.
Successful Conservative Management of Warfarin-Induced Coagulopathy in an Elderly Male with Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Ghahfarokhi Shirin Shams , Ghaedamini-Asadabadi Mohammadhossein ,   Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Ghaedamini-Asadabadi Amirhossein ,   Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Published: November 2024

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is a rare complication of anticoagulant therapy that often requires aggressive treatment. We
report the case of an elderly male with a history of Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) who presented with cough and dyspnea and
was treated for exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and PTE. During his hospital stay, he developed
a retroperitoneal hematoma as a complication of warfarin therapy. Despite the high risk of mortality and his advanced age, the
patient was managed conservatively without the need for surgical intervention. With appropriate monitoring and supportive care,
his hematoma resolved, and he was discharged in stable condition. This case underscores the potential for successful conservative
management of warfarin-induced retroperitoneal hematomas in high-risk elderly patients
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: An Epidemiological and Clinical Study About 60 Cases
Authors:   Department of Dermatology and venereology, University Hassan II Casablanca Faculte De Medecine ET DE Pharmacie Casablanca, Grand Casablanca, Morocco, Habibi Yousra , El Fatoiki Fatima-Zahra , Hali Fouzia , Chiheb Soumia ,   Department of Dermatology and venereology, University Hassan II Casablanca Faculte De Medecine ET DE Pharmacie Casablanca, Grand Casablanca, Morocco
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral disease generally affecting children under the age of 7. It is mainly caused by
Enterovirus A or Coxsackie virus. Diagnosis is clinical, based on the occurrence of low-grade fever with a maculopapular or
papulovesicular rash on the hands and soles, and painful oral ulcerations. We report a case series of 60 patients with HFMD.
Methods
This is a retrospective case series, spanning a period of 6 years, from the year 2018 to March 2023, of foot-hand-mouth
syndrome in children, identified during the pediatric dermatology consultation.
Results
A total of 60 children with HFMD were identified. The mean age was 21.7 months. Male predominance was noted, with a
sex ratio (M/F) of 1.75. Four patients had atopic dermatitis, sixteen patients had a precessive infectious episode of the upper
respiratory tract. Twenty-seven patients had fever. Clinical examination revealed a localized papulovesicular rash on the hands,
feet and buttocks, as well as localized erosive and scabby lesions in the perioral region in 34 patients. Lesions were generalized
in 26 patients. One patient had purpuric lesions and another had recurrent PMBS. Nail involvement such as onychomadesis and
Beau's line was found in 11 patients. Treatment was symptomatic, with antipyretics and emollient creams.
Discussion
Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome is a widespread infection in children, although some cases have been described in adults.
Transmission is via the feco-oral route and respiratory secretions. Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome is a clinical diagnosis.
Treatment is symptomatic. The course is generally favorable, and complete resolution usually occurs within 10 days.
Conclusion
Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually involves the hands, feet, mouth, and sometimes the genitals and buttocks. In rare cases,
patients may have neurologic or cardiopulmonary complications. The best methods to prevent the spread of hand-foot-andmouth disease are handwashing and disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces and fomites.
Importance of Complex BMV in Public Health: Safe Passage: Carotid Protection During BMV in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis with Left Atrial Appendage Clot
Authors:   Senior Resident Doctor, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, Nath Saha Rupendra , Duggal Bhanu ,   Professor/Doctor, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Published: November 2024

Emergency BMV is a high-risk procedure often done in critically
sick patients with rheumatic Mitral stenosis. It is often a lifesaving procedure, especially in a middle and low-income country
like ours. Unfortunately, the practice is dying out partly due to
rheumatic heart disease being mainly a disease of lower socioeconomic strata and partly due to the non-availability of essential
equipment like Inoue balloon. Still, a few public hospitals
regularly do such complicated balloon mitral valvotomies, and we
are presenting such a case.
A Systematic Review of Enhancing CNN Performance in Automated Fabric Defect Detection Through Sampling Techniques for Imbalanced Datasets with the Developed CNN Model
Authors: Saleem Saima , Williams David , Prakash Satya ,   Department of artificial intelligence, Ireland
Published: November 2024

In the textile industry, manual fabric inspection poses significant challenges. Incomplete and faulty inspections can compromise
both product cost and quality. With the advancements in deep learning, various machine learning algorithms have emerged
as successful tools for image classification and analysis tasks. Nevertheless, there are several persistent issues, including the
complexity and time-consuming nature of training methods, the requirement for large datasets, and difficulties in achieving
generalization. What's needed is an accurate and swift automatic machine learning algorithm suitable for real-time detection
in industrial setups. To tackle these challenges, this research successfully developed a straightforward Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) machine learning algorithm.
The algorithm's performance was evaluated on two different image sizes: 150 x 700, and 245 x 345. It became evident that
image size significantly influences the model's performance. Additionally, the dataset's inherent imbalance had an adverse
impact on the model's performance due to inadequate training and overfitting. To address the issue of imbalanced dataset and
enhance the model's performance, various sampling techniques were experimented with. Among these, the CNN model exhibited
its most outstanding performance when paired with a smaller image size of 245x345 and when utilizing the SMOTEENN
sampling technique. The results demonstrated remarkable accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, with values of 98.00%,
98.00%, 98.00%, and 98.00%, respectively. Moreover, the time required for modelling and prediction was impressively low,
at 1.57 seconds and 0.09 seconds, respectively. The research also proposed a method to deploy the algorithm and automate
the entire quality inspection process within the textile industry
Health Benefits and Medicinal Value of Pentaclethra Macrophylla
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Technology, Michel Okpara University of Agriculture, Nigeria, Ojimelukwe Philippa C
Published: November 2024

The Pentaclethra macrophylla tree is a presently underutilized medicinal plant despite its potentials. It has a wide range of
medicinal uses (dyslipidaemia, antisicking, antimicrobial, wound healing, antihelminthic, analgesic, anti-diabetic, antidiarrhea, antinoniceptive, fertility promoting properties etc) in different ethnobotanical settings. There is scientific evidence
for the antisickling, antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, antinoniceptive, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-hyperlipidaemic
properties. These potential medical claims are not yet sufficiently studied and clinical studies have not been conducted
on them. A major bioactive compound found in the leaf is extract is phenanthranone while a significant amount of
6-octadecanoic acid is found in the stem bark. P macrophylla is also rich in oil (44-47% oil) made up of 75% saturated
fatty acids and 25% unsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic and linolenic acids). The crude protein content is high (36.2-
43.89%), and the essential amino acid profile is good except for sulphur containing amino acids. The seed oil contains a lot
of sisoterol. Paucine and caffeoyl putrescience (harmful substances) found in the seeds are detoxified by the fermentation
process. Several bioactive compounds in P. marophylla such as bergenin and citronellol possess medicinal value (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and wound healing properties etc.). A lot of research input is still required to
elucidate the health benefits and medicinal value of P. macrophylla. While the bioactive compounds in the stem bark and
seeds have been, elucidated bioactive compounds in the roots have not been studied. Most of the medicinal uses of this
plant are based on ethnobotanical practices and require studies with animal models as well as clinical studies for their
authentication.
Reverse Pharmacology and Network Pharmacology: Principles and Applications in Herbal Medicine
Authors:   School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, South West Ethiopia Peoples’ Region, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia, Nureye Dejen
Published: November 2024

Drugs that were therapeutic were frequently unintentionally found in medicinal plants during the early days of
pharmacology. Cost, time, and toxicity are the three main bottlenecks that can be reduced by the recently developed
academic field of reverse pharmacology. Reversing the typical “laboratory-to-clinic” drug discovery pipeline
approach to “clinic-to-laboratories” is the idea behind reverse pharmacology, which was influenced by traditional
knowledge. Reverse pharmacology aims to optimise the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of natural product leads by
studying their mechanisms of action at various levels of biological organisation and by applying pertinent sciences to
these findings. New Chemical Entities must go through the drawn-out pre-clinical and clinical research phases of the
traditional drug discovery and development process. Conversely, the reverse pharmacology path represents a cyclical
approach to drug discovery and development. Drug development from natural products, such as anti-malarial, antihypertensive, and anti-Parkinson’s medicines, can benefit from the application of reverse pharmacology. The one drug,
one target, and one illness method used in drug discovery today is becoming less and less effective. Drug research is
quickly embracing the idea of developing multi-target therapeutics to treat complex illnesses. In this context, disease
mechanisms are defined by network pharmacology as networks that are best targeted by a combination of treatments
that function in concert. Recently, network pharmacology has gained popularity as a means of better understanding
the mode of action of herbal remedies. Network pharmacology has several benefits, such as controlling the signalling
route through several channels, improving therapeutic efficacy, lowering adverse effects, raising clinical trial success
rates, and lowering drug discovery expenses. The field of network pharmacology has its roots in traditional Chinese
medicine and has developed alongside it. Static networks and dynamic networks are the two broad groups into which
network pharmacology-based techniques fall. The main goals of network pharmacology research are to find genes
linked to compounds and diseases, build a network, and then analyse and visualise the network. In order to properly
validate the interaction between highly active constituents and their potential targets, further network validation is
carried out in the end. Several applications for network pharmacology can be found in drug research, pharmacology,
and traditional medicine.
Evaluation of A Fish Hydrolysate Protein-Superoxide Dismutase Combination (Anxivet®) For Cat Behaviour: A Pet Owners' Perspective
Authors:   Marketing and Communication, MP Labo, 06130 Grasse, France, Lacreusette Marlène , Muller Sarah , Navarro Christelle ,   Marketing and Communication, MP Labo, 06130 Grasse, France, Jahier Bruno ,   Scientific Affairs, MP Labo, 06130 Grasse, France, Gard Carole ,   Pharmaceutical Affairs, Destaing, 06130 Grasse, France
Published: November 2024

This survey assessed the effectiveness of a combination of hydrolysed fish proteins and melon superoxide dismutase
in reducing inappropriate behaviours in cats. Forty-eight privately-owned cats with abnormal emotional behaviour,
as reported by their owners, were administered a complementary feed (Anxivet®, MP Labo, France) once daily for
28 days. Owners completed questionnaires before (D0) and after (D2, D7, D14, and D28) initiating the product,
assessing animal behaviour, interaction with surroundings, and discomfort levels. They also evaluated product effectiveness, satisfaction, and ease of administration. By D28, 12 out of 24 behavioural signs showed improvement,
with a significant decrease in excessive mewing (p = 0.0485). Enhanced interaction with surroundings was observed
in 19%, 29%, and 34% of cats on D2, D7, and D14, respectively, with significant improvement from D2 to D14 (p
< 0.025). Discomfort decreased in 23%, 30%, and 34% of cats on D2, D7, and D14, respectively, with a significant
difference between D2 and D14 (p < 0.01). Owners rated product efficacy as 7.7/10 at D28, with satisfaction scores
increasing from 6.4 at D2 to 7.4 at D14 (p < 0.0339). This survey suggests the tested combination reduces cats' discomfort levels, though further confirmation via controlled randomised studies is warranted.
Growth of Light-Seed Black Holes in Gas-Rich Galaxies at High Redshift
Authors: Mehta Daxal , Regan John A. , Prole Lewis
Published: November 2024

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope confirm the existence of massive black holes ( >106 ) beyond the redshift of z=10. However, their formation mechanism(s) still remain an open question. Light seed black holes are one such formation pathway, forming as the end stage of metal-free (Population III) stars. Light seed black holes can grow into massive black holes as long as they accrete near the Eddington limit for substantial periods or undergo several bursts of super-Eddington accretion. In this work, our aim is to ascertain if light seeds can grow in gas rich galaxies - similar to those expected at high redshift (z ≳10). Using the Arepo code, we follow self-consistently the formation of Population III stars and black holes in galaxies with total masses in the range 108 . We find that in the absence of feedback, black holes can grow to 105 in just 104 years. These black holes do not decouple from the gas clumps in which they are born and are able to accrete at hyper-Eddington rates. In the presence of supernova feedback, the number of actively growing black holes diminishes by an order of magnitude. However, we still observe hyper-Eddington accretion in approximately 1 % of the black hole population despite supernova feedback. This (idealised) work lays the foundation for future works, where we will test our models in a cosmological framework. In this work, we neglect radiative feedback processes from stellar evolution and from accretion onto the growing black holes. This likely means that our results represent an upper limit to light seed growth. We will address these shortcomings in a future work.
Dialogic pedagogy versus punitive approaches through school rules?: School practitioners’ perspectives in two schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nurwanto Nurwanto , Makrufi Anisa Dwi , Wiyono Giri
Published: November 2024

This article aims to investigate how dialogic pedagogy was practiced while punitive approaches were dominant towards students who violated school rules as well as the student code of conduct. Previous studies primarily focused on the extent of effectiveness or the influential factors for students to comply with as well as violate student code of conduct. On the other hand, this writing highlights the importance of dialogic practices in school environments. As a case study, this study investigated two senior high schools, that is the public and private schools in Yogyakarta municipality. Through the documentary and interview analysis, the study found that even if the student code of conduct was punitive approach-based, it contains the potential for school practitioners to develop communications or dialogues, for example, between school practitioners themselves; and between school practitioners (school leaders and educators) and parents; and between school practitioners and students. More importantly, several school leaders and educators emphasized how dialogues could be practiced with students considered as the offenders of the school rules. This article concludes that empathetic and critical dialogues seem to be an alternative of student discipline enforcement, which has been largely practiced through the school rules.
Analisis Pendapatan, Laba Dan Pajak Pada Sektor Industri Makanan Dan Minuman Di BEI Dan SGX Tahun 2018 - 2023
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Jaya Hendry , Permata Ayu , Putri Hadiatul Fakhdina
Published: November 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pendapatan, Laba Sebelum Pajak dan Beban Pajak Penghasilan pada sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan Singapore Exchange (SGX). Sampel ditentukan menggunakan nmetode purposive sampling dan didapatkan masing-masing 20 perusahaan dari Bursa Eefek Indonesia (BEI) dan 20 perusahaan dari Singapore Exchange (SGX). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, penelitian ini dilakuan dengan menggambarkan suatu keadaan dengan menggunakan angka-angka. Analisa dibantu dengan penggunaan grafik dan tabel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan industri sektor makanan dan minuman di BEI dan SGX terus bertumbuh bahkan tahun 2020 dimana puncaknya pandemi Covid-19 tidak terjadi penurunan pendapatan, namun industri sektor minuman dan makanan di SGX menurun -12,1% tahun 2023. Pertumbuhan Laba Sebelum Pajak, dan Beban Pajak Penghasilan bergerak lebih landai dan cenderung mendatar dibandingkan pergerakan pendapatan selama tahun 2018 -2023, fenomena ini berlaku sama baik di BEI maupun di SGX. Sedangkan Pretax Margin Ratio terdapat perbedaan yang cukup signifkan, dimana perusahaan-perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang ada di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) memiliki Pretax Margin Ratio rata-rata yang lebih tinggi yaitu 25,6%, dan perusahaan-perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang ada di Singapore Exchange (SGX) meiliki Pretax Margin Ratio rata-rata 15,9%, hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh tarif pajak yang berbeda diantara kedua negara,
Optimasi masalah transportasi yang mengandung biaya variabel dan biaya tetap menggunakan metode Branching
Authors: Muhtarulloh Fahrudin , Rahayu Nizmi Fitri , Nuraiman Dian , Sukaesih Esih
Published: November 2024

Perkembang bidang industri menyebabkan masalah transportasi menjadi salah satu permasalahan penting yang perlu diperhatikan oleh perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari nilai optimasi biaya transportasi yang dapat meminimumkan biaya transportasi. Salah satu kasus khusus dalam masalah transportasi adalah masalah transportasi biaya tetap, di mana pada masalah transportasi ini terdapat dua komponen biaya yaitu biaya tetap dan biaya variabel. Dalam hal ini diterapkan pendekatan linier Balinski menggunakan Metode Branching. Metode Branching diawali dengan pembentukan tabel Balinski RTP dan menyelesaikannya sebagai masalah transportasi klasik, kemudian dibentuk cabang secara bertahap dengan memuat atau mengecualikan sel yang dipilih untuk mencari solusi optimal global dari masalah transportasi biaya tetap. Pada pembahasan kali ini, dilakukan studi kasus menggunakan kasus tidak seimbang berukuran 3 x 8. Biaya tetapnya adalah biaya sewa kendaraan dan biaya variabelnya adalah biaya bahan bakar. Diperoleh solusi optimal untuk studi kasus tersebut sebesar Rp 11.511.411.768.000. Dari hasil studi kasus yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Metode Branching dapat menyelesaikan masalah transportasi biaya tetap dengan memperoleh solusi optimal.
Rancang produk asuransi jiwa berjangka dengan metode Kostaki melalui model True Fractional Premiums
Authors: Novika Fanny , Suryamika Putu Egawastu
Published: November 2024

Tabel Mortalitas merupakan salah satu instrumen yang digunakan dalam perhitungan premi Asuransi Jiwa. Tabel Mortalitas yang digunakan untuk menghitung premi Asuransi Jiwa sangatlah beragam. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan mengeluarkan Tabel Mortalitas dengan asumsi baru pada tahun 2022. Tabel Mortalitas ini dirancang secara ringkas dengan interpolasi menggunakan Metode Kostaki. Hasil interpolasi ini kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung premi Asuransi Jiwa Berjangka 10 tahun menggunakan teknik pembayaran True Fractional Premium. Dari hasil perhitungan yang dilakukan, diperoleh 6 tabel yang berisi harga premi Asuransi Jiwa berjangka 10 tahun dengan besaran bunga 5.75%. Tabel ini dibagi berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan 3 besar manfaat yang berbeda yaitu Rp. 300,000,000.00 , Rp. 500,000,000.00 , Rp. 1,000,000,000.00 dan didalamnya memuat 4 jenis pilihan pembayaran premi fraksional dalam setahun (Tahunan, Semesteran, Triwulanan, dan Bulanan).
FAKTOR PENYEBAB TANAH LONGSOR PADA WILAYAH KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Ardes Wilda , Mizwar Zuherna , Rahmat Putra Rusnardi
Published: November 2024

Kabupaten Sijunjung merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan kondisi topografi wilayah memiliki ciri yang berbukit-bukit, berada pada ketinggian antara 120 sampai 1.335 m di atas permukaan laut. Pada tahun 2018 tercatat 22 kejadian tanah longsor di Kabupaten Sijunjung diantara-nya di Nagari Tanjung Gadang dan Nagari Timbulun kecamatan Tanjung Gadang yang mengakibatkan korban jiwa dan rusaknya rumah warga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab dan faktor dominan penyebab potensi longsor di Kabupaten Sijunjung. Metode penelitian adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara terhadap informan yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan longsor. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literature, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian terdapat 9 faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan potensi longsor, faktor dominannya yaitu curah hujan yang tinggi, kondisi lereng yang curam, kondisi tanah yang rawan erosi, alih fungsi lahan, penebangan hutan secara liar, dan pembangunan jalan yang memotong lereng.
Chapter 12. The first day of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war: an attempt to reconstruct the events
Authors: Trofymovych Volodymyr , Trofymovych Lilya
Published: November 2024

The article attempts to retrace the main events of the first day of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. It began at around 3.40–4.00 a.m. on February 24, 2022. The armed forces of the Russian Federation attacked the borders in the regions adjacent to Russia, Belarus, the occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Around 5 a.m., Russian President Vladimir Putin released a statement in which he deceptively justified the reason for the full-scale invasion, calling it a «special military operation».

In order to weaken Ukrainian resistance and demoralize the population, the Russian armed forces launched an operation to destroy the critical facilities.

The article describes the specific actions and decisions of the military and political leadership of Ukraine in response to the unprovoked Russian aggression. Being informed about the full-scale invasion, the President of Ukraine, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy immediately convened the Military Cabinet and the National Security and Defense Council, where important decisions were made to protect the state. On the same day, by his Decree, the President put into effect the Defense Plan of Ukraine and the Consolidated Plan of Territorial Defense of Ukraine in accordance with Article 107 of the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, Zelenskyy signed a decree introducing martial law for 30 days. On February 24, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine signed decrees on the general mobilization and the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. It highlights the heroic defense of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Sumy, and other Ukrainian cities.

The tremendous heroic resistance to the invaders on February 24 convincingly proved that the Kremlin would not be able to realize its strategic plan for a lightning-fast and victorious war
Chapter 15. LARGE-SCALE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE (2022 – 2023): SERIOUS ABOUT CURIOUS
Authors: Kutska Оlesya
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes certain facts of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which caused humorous comments among a wide range of the Ukrainian population. An attempt is made to explain these cases from the point of logic, rationality and prudence. In particular, it is noted that hand-made elements of modernization of military equipment
(for example, self-made protective cope cages) are the result of adaptation to the appearance of unmanned aerial vehicles on the field, and the camouflage of aircraft with improvised means (for example, car tires) is caused by the lack of a sufficient number of shelters facilities for them. Placing anti-aircraft defenses on non-typical elevations (houses, pedestals) is caused by the desire to increase their range. The use of morally outdated weapons and equipment during battles is caused by the lack of modern samples and the presence of them in large quantities in warehouses. The desire of the civilian population of Ukraine to help their armed forces in the fight against the enemy and, at the same time, the carelessness of the Russian troops on foreign territory caused the repeated abduction or confiscation of Russian equipment and weapons. Evacuation of captured equipment using the national economy –has formed a humorous «tractor» type of troops. It was determined that the Russian troops were quite poorly prepared in the matter of topographic support - they used outdated maps. In this regard, they wandered in the area. Their disorientation was reinforced by measures to dismantle and «put into effect» mocking road signs. The ill-conceitedness of the Russian strategic plan for the invasion of Ukraine led to errors in the deployment of troops (for example, the airfield in the village of Chornobayivka), which forced them to occupy unfavorable positions, where they were hit by the Ukrainian Armed Forces and suffered significant losses.
Chapter 3. GERMAN AND FRENCH WAR PREPARATIONS ON THE WESTERN FRONT IN SEPTEMBER 1939
Authors: Korzeniowski Paweł
Published: November 2024

One of the biggest misrepresentations functioning in Polish historiography is the alleged weakness of the Wehrmacht in the west in September 1939. This view is often combined with the narrative of the alleged vast superiority of French forces, which stood idly by on the border, conducting only sluggish actions of a local scale. This is alleged to testify to the cynicism and betrayal of Paris, passively watching the tragedy unfolding in Poland. Many even speak of the betrayal of the «West» and the deliberate targeting of German aggression to the East.

The above theses were heavily embedded in the popular image of September 1939. However, an analysis of the German grouping in the west allows us to conclude that Germany had enough forces to secure the border with France. That is why the French war plan included only limited operations in the first days of the war. They were to occupy the German forces in combat until mobilization was complete, and the main forces had been concentrated. However, the planned offensive never materialized. By the time the French forces completed their preparations, the campaign in the east had been concluded, and the entry of the Red Army sealed Poland's fate. So could the French have done more to help Poland? Undoubtedly yes, but it is unlikely that it would have affected the final outcome of the 1939 campaign. Poland's defeat was not the result of «betrayal» by the Allies, but a consequence of the overwhelming superiority of our opponents.
Social Phobia: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors:   The Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Gorbis Eda , Gorbis Alexander ,   The Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Mandava Neha ,   University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Published: November 2024

Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social
situations where individuals fear being scrutinized by others. This condition can lead to significant
impairment in various aspects of life, including social and occupational functioning. A subtype,
Generalized Social Phobia (GSP), involves a more pervasive fear of social situations and is associated
with greater distress and functional impairment. Social phobia often co-occurs with other psychiatric
disorders such as major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and avoidant personality
disorder (APD). APD shares several features with social phobia, including the fear of rejection and
criticism, but presents with broader and often more severe symptoms.
Effective treatment for social phobia includes cognitive restructuring techniques, exposure therapy, and
social skills training (SST). Exposure therapy helps patients confront and reduce their fears by gradually
exposing them to anxiety-provoking situations, while SST addresses performance deficits and cognitive
distortions. Additionally, mindfulness-based therapies, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
(MBSR) and Mindfulness Behavior Therapy (MBBT), have been shown to reduce distress and improve
mental health outcomes in individuals with social phobia and related disorders.
Diagnosis and treatment require a focus on the individual's specific symptoms, comorbid conditions, and
the level of functional impairment. By employing a structured and individualized approach, incorporating
exposure exercises, mindfulness practices, and social skills training, clinicians can significantly enhance
treatment outcomes, helping individuals with social phobia manage their symptoms and lead more
fulfilling lives.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gingival Enlargement in a Patient with Williams Syndrome: Case Report
Authors:   Second Year Resident, Specialty of Periodontology, Catholic University of Honduras, Republic of Honduras, de Vicente Aguilera Guillermo , Umanzor Bonilla Vilma ,   Periodontology and Implantology, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous, Santely Katherine ,   First Year Resident, Specialty of Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Catholic University of Honduras, Republic of, Peraza Linsey ,   Second Year Resident, Specialty of Periodontology, Catholic University of Honduras, Republic of Honduras, Romero Hugo ,   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease that affects approximately
1,20,000 live births. Patients with WS have specific skeletal deformities, distinctive facial features,
growth retardation, mild to moderate intellectual disability, structural cardiovascular anomalies,
abnormalities in dental morphology such as: peg-shaped incisors, bud-shaped maxillary first molars,
microdontia, dental fusion and enamel hypoplasia, they also present class II and III malocclusion,
anterior open bite, deep bite, anterior crossbite, tongue thrust, excessive interdental spaces and gingival
enlargement. Case presentation: A 17-year-old male patient presented to the Periodontics Specialty of
the Dental Hospital of the Catholic University of Honduras. Obtaining medical history revealed that
the patient was diagnosed with WS immediately after birth. Upon questioning, the patient reported
congenital heart disease; aortic stenosis and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Due to the multiple
manifestations in patients with Williams syndrome, it is important to make a thorough diagnosis and
multidisciplinary treatment.
Clinical Ischemic Heart Scombroid Syndrome: A Presumed Case of Kounis Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”,, Piccolo A , Strati P , Taglieri A ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”, Reggio di Calabria, Italy, Bava A ,   Department of Cardiology and Cardicac Intensive Care Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”,, Adornato E ,   ²Department of Emergency Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”, Reggio di Calabria, Italy, Macheda S ,   Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”,, Tescione M ,   Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi Melacrino Morelli”,
Published: November 2024

Scombroid poisoning is a type of food poisoning that results from the consumption of fish with high levels
of histamine due to improper storage. The implementation of proper food handling and storage practices
in the fishing industry, distribution, and retail sectors plays a crucial role in preventing scombroid
poisoning. It is generally not considered life-threatening, but its symptoms can be uncomfortable and,
in some cases, severe. Ischemic heart Scombroid Syndrome is a rare, usually transient, complication
of scombroid poisoning, caused by coronary vasospasm in response to a nitroxide-mediated histamineinduced tissue hypoperfusion. We present the case of a 21 – years old female with no history of coronary
artery disease (CAD) or atopy, who entered the Emergency Department after eating cooked tuna. She
was immediately treated with intravenous antihistamine and cortisone. However, she suffered chest
pain and severe hypotension, needing admission in the Intensive Care Unit and blood pressure support
with vasopressors. Patient’s final diagnosis was vasospastic angina due to presumed scombroid fish
poisoning (SFP), a rare form of acute myocardial damage with nonobstructive coronary arteries
secondary to coronary vasospasm, also known as “Ischemic heart Scombroid Syndrome” (ISS), causing
a Kounis Syndrome type 1. Prompt recognition and management of both the allergic reaction and
cardiovascular symptoms are crucial in the treatment of Ischemic heart Scombroid Syndrome.
Functional characterization of glucose transporter 4 involved in glucose uptake in Clonorchis sinensis
Authors: Jun Hojong , Mazigo Ernest , Lee Wang-Jong , Park Yun-Kyu , Han Jin-Hee , Cha Seok Ho
Published: November 2024

Clonorchis sinensis, which causes clonorchiasis, is prevalent in East Asian countries and poses notable health risks, including bile duct complications. Although praziquantel is the primary treatment for the disease, the emerging resistance among trematodes highlights the need for alternative strategies. Understanding the nutrient uptake mechanisms in trematodes, including C. sinensis, is crucial for developing future effective treatments. This study aimed to characterize the function of C. sinensis glucose transporter 4 (CsGTP4) and determine its role in nutrient uptake employing synthesized cDNA of adult C. sinensis worms. The functional characterization of CsGTP4 involved injecting its cRNA into Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzing the deoxy-D-glucose uptake levels. The results demonstrated that deoxy-D-glucose uptake depended on the deoxy-D-glucose incubation and CsGTP4 expression time, but not sodium-dependent. The concentration-dependent uptake followed the Michaelis–Menten equation, with a Km value of 2.7 mM and a Vmax value of 476 pmol/oocyte/h based on the Lineweaver–Burk analysis. No uptake of radiolabeled α-ketoglutarate, p-aminohippurate, taurocholate, arginine, or carnitine was observed. The uptake of deoxy-D-glucose by CsGTP4 was significantly inhibited by unlabeled glucose and galactose in a concentration-dependent manner. It was significantly inhibited under strongly acidic and basic conditions. These insights into the glucose uptake kinetics and pH dependency of CsGTP4 provide a deeper understanding of nutrient acquisition in trematodes. This study contributes to the development of novel antiparasitic agents, addressing a considerable socioeconomic challenge in affected regions.
Allyl isothiocyanate exacerbates acute toxoplasmosis through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Lin Qiu-Mei , Long Hong-Bin , He Jun-Ting , Zhang Zhi-hao , Nam Ho-Woo , Quan Fu-Shi , Zhong Qi , Liu Xu-Qing , Yang Zhao-Shou
Published: November 2024

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product commonly used in food preservation and pharmaceutical applications. Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, is prevalent globally while the impact of AITC on toxoplasmosis is unclear. We explored the effect of AITC on acute toxoplasmosis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with T. gondii type I RH strain following AITC administration. On the 4th day after infection, which corresponds to the initial stage of infection, we collected serum for the determination of inflammatory cytokine levels. The mice serum of the AITC-administered group contained significantly lower levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-23 subunit p19, IL-4, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The lifespan of the mice in the AITC-administered group was significantly reduced. In vitro experiments showed that AITC promoted the proliferation of intracellular T. gondii accompanied by the inhibition of IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that AITC facilitated T. gondii infection in the early stage by inhibiting the production of several inflammatory cytokines.