bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL PARA AS ATIVIDADES DA VIDA DIÁRIA DE IDOSOS USUÁRIOS DE UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Rodrigues Nathan Faleiro , Trelha Celita Salmaso , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade do , Pereira Daniel de Aguiar , Antunes Mateus Dias , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: November 2020

Esse presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de atividade física e a capacidade funcional dos idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de um município do noroeste paranaense. Estudo transversal, realizado com 654 idosos, de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados o International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a Escala de Katz e a Escala de Lawton. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis, “U” de Mann-Whitney e Spearman. Considerou-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os idosos com idade entre 60 a 69 anos e que procuram as UBS para consulta médica apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional nas atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) e nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). Os idosos não aposentados e com maior nível de atividade física apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional nas AIVD. Idosos sem histórico de quedas demonstraram melhor capacidade funcional nas ABVD. Existe tendência dos idosos com boa percepção de saúde e independência nas ABVD e AIVD terem nível de atividade física muito ativo/ativo. Variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde estão associadas ao nível de atividade física e à capacidade funcional de idosos
EFFECTIVENESS OF FORMOL AND AMMONIA ON DISINFECTION OF CHICKEN BED
Authors: Bampi Jaquiel , Bampi Monica Cuppini , Antonucci Antonio Mataresio
Published: November 2020

The Brazilian poultry industry is one of the largest in the world, and the country is the world's largest chicken exporter. With this, there is an increase in the amount of aviaries and their density, also increasing the number of pathogens and diseases. In this sense, it is of fundamental importance the use of efficient disinfectants against the different pathogens that cause diseases and negatively impact the production and the quality of the final product. The objective of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity between commercial disinfectants (quaternary ammonia and formaldehyde) against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli, in the presence of organic matter (aviary litter). Statistica 5.0 software was used to analyze the experimental data, adopting a confidence level of 95% (p
IMPORTÂNCIA DO PROFISSIONAL DE SAÚDE NO INCENTIVO AO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EM HOSPITAL AMIGO DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Menezes Izabella Vasconcelos de , Menezes Gabriella Vasconcelos de , Rezende Luana Aragão , Lopes Izailza Matos Dantas , Fonseca Adriana Barbosa de Lima
Published: November 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o incentivo ao aleitamento materno no pré-natal e no intra-hospitalar em Hospital pediátrico filantrópico de Aracaju-SE, entre Fevereiro a Abril de 2019. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, prospectiva, transversal de caráter exploratório realizada através de questionários aplicados a nutrizes de recém-nascido e lactentes até um ano levados a urgência pediátrica e ambulatório do Hospital em questão. Os dados foram colocados em tabelas através de distribuição proporcional, sumarizadas como frequência simples e seus intervalos de confiança para 95%, bicaudal e p ≤ a 0,05. As variáveis mais relevantes foram comparadas através do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher e Teste t-Student. O programa estatístico foi o SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciencies) 21. Observou-se na amostra que a faixa etária predominante entre as nutrizes variou entre 25 a 31 anos, apresentavam baixa escolaridade, eram desempregadas ou realizavam atividades diversas. Além disso eram naturais de Aracaju, raça parda e casadas. Entre o total, 63,6%(n=82) tiveram orientações sobre o aleitamento materno no pré-natal e 62% (n=80) no intra-hospitalar, a média de consultas foi de 6, sendo maior o número de consultas entre as pacientes que obtiveram orientações sobre o aleitamento materno. A prevalência do contato pele a pele foi de 59,8% (n=79), sendo que 65,1% (n=71), 34,9% (n=38) nos partos normais e cesarianos respectivamente. Conclui-se, portanto, que o papel do profissional de saúde no incentivo ao aleitamento materno precisa melhorar, pois a frequência do aleitamento materno permanece aquém do preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde.
DÍPTEROS SINANTRÓPICOS ENCONTRADOS EM GRANJA DE GALINHA POEDEIRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA ESPERANÇA, PARANÁ.
Authors: Antonucci Antonio Mataresio , Jurkevicz Rafaela Maria Boson , Santos Alan Moreno , Romani Isaac
Published: November 2020

O trabalho objetivou identificar as principais espécies de moscas que infestam uma granja comercial de galinhas poedeiras localizada no município de Nova Esperança, PR. As coletas foram realizadas na estação de verão e inverno em três diferentes épocas, totalizando seis tratamentos. Aleatoriamente selecionaram-se três galpões da propriedade, nos quais as armadilhas foram instaladas diretamente no solo em três terços (inicial, médio e final) de cada barracão, totalizando nove armadilhas. Essa rotina repetiu-se a cada sete dias durante vinte e um dias, totalizando 27 coletas em todo período experimental. Cada amostra foi depositada em coletores universais com álcool 70% e encaminhada ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária do Centro Universitário Ingá, onde foram contabilizadas e identificadas e, posteriormente, averigou-se a sazonalidade das infestações. Um total de 547 insetos foram capturados e a espécie mais comum nos dois períodos de coletas foi a Musca domestica (93,2%). Conclui-se, desta forma, que a frequência das infestações em granjas avícolas está associada ao notável crescimento da produção de ovos no Brasil e à produção em grande escala de substratos orgânicos favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de moscas sinantrópicas. Somado a isso, a má gestão sanitária realizada nas instalações de criação de animais favorece ainda mais a manutenção dos dípteros nos locais, servindo como focos de dispersão de moscas para as cidades.
CADERNETA DA GESTANTE: AVALIAÇÃO DOS DADOS PERINATAIS
Authors: Costa Yara Lima da , Nicácio Dayla Brito , Pedrosa Aldrya Ketly , Araújo Maria Anilda dos Santos , Mendonça Adriana de Lima
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o preenchimento dos dados perinatais contidos na Caderneta da Gestante de puérperas que tiveram seu parto realizado em uma maternidade de referência para alto risco em Alagoas. Método: estudo de caráter descritivo, delineamento transversal, com abordagem quantitativa com uma amostra de 72 cadernetas/cartões da gestante. Resultados: baixa adesão ao preenchimento das 24 variáveis estudadas, apesar disto foi possível quantificar aquelas que tiveram preenchimento, as não preenchidas e as incompletas. Foi posssível identificar diferenças altamente significativas (p-valor ≤0,0001) riscos como obesidade, raça/cor negra, idade >35 anos, estado civil “nenhum” foram identificados no pré-natal. Conclusão: uso inadequado do instrumento e déficit da gestão de saúde do estado.
ANÁLISE DO TEOR DE FORMALDEÍDO LIVRE EM ALISANTES CAPILARES
Authors: Rodrigues Ábia , Souza Fernanda Siqueira , Hamm Janice Botelho Souza
Published: November 2020

O formol é um ingrediente comum utilizado em alisantes capilares. Cabelereiros estão expostos ao perigo deste produto químico, por seu uso indevido e elevada concentração nas escovas progressivas. Através da análise qualitativa e quantitativa este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os teores de formaldeído livre em seis amostras de produtos capilares de quatro empresas diferentes, utilizando o reagente de Schiff e por titulação. Dos seis produtos analisados cinco apresentaram indícios de formaldeído acima do número permitido conforme resolução Nº 29 da ANVISA, na qual somente uma amostra apresentava o formol descrito no rótulo, ficando evidente a importância da avaliação e conhecimento do produto nos salões de beleza antes da aplicação, tanto para o profissional como para o usuário.
ENTRELAÇAMENTO ENTRE POSSIBILIDADES, AVANÇOS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE PARA O AUTISMO
Authors: Prazeres Freitas da Silva Jordan , Teles Dauer Érika , Fagundes Bezerra Anna Paula , Nágila Vasconcelos Carneiro Stânia
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as possibilidades e os avanços da teoria e da técnica psicanalítica no trabalho com o autismo; apresentando a primeira infância e seus possíveis impasses ao desenvolvimento da criança; descrevendo as possibilidades da teoria psicanalítica na clínica infantil, a partir da ferramenta IRDI, de um caso clínico da psicanalista Marie-Christine Laznik. Sobre o método, a pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, de revisão bibliográfica. A análise e coleta de dados são alcançadas por meio de leitura crítica e analítica do pesquisador, que associa ideias da obra confrontando-as e discutindo-as, a partir do referencial de teóricos psicanalistas. Assim, percebe-se como a temporalidade está em um campo importante na psicanálise e como a família (cuidador) desempenha papel significativo na formação psíquica do sujeito. Partindo dessa perspectiva, apresenta-se como um dos resultados do avanço da psicanálise a ferramenta “Indicadores Clínicos de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil” (IRDI), considerando que o valor do instrumento está em permitir a localização a tempo de riscos que, quando detectados e trabalhados em atendimento clínico, podem permitir à criança um processo de desenvolvimento com menos impasses. Ademais, através da pesquisa, é possível saber que existem no Brasil diversos programas e grupos de intervenção que trabalham com a temática do autismo na perspectiva psicanalítica.
PROPOSTA DE FLUXO DE PROCEDIMENTOS PARA O DEPARTAMENTO DE CAFÉ DE UMA COOPERATIVA SUL MINEIRA
Authors: Silva Sheldon William , Silva Sidney Verginio da , Piurcosky Fabricio Pelloso , Santos Antonio Carlos dos , Portugal Junior Pedro dos Santos
Published: November 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de venda de café em uma cooperativa agropecuária do sul do Estado de Minas Gerais e propor um fluxo de procedimentos para essa operação. Para alcançar esse propósito, foi realizado, por meio de um estudo de caso, um acompanhamento do processo que envolve o Departamento de Café da cooperativa, desde a emissão da nota de transferência até a venda do café do cooperado. Percebeu-se com os resultados que o procedimento realizado demonstrava falhas em processos de comunicação entre matriz, filiais e cooperados e ainda, falhas operacionais nos sistemas de informações gerenciais. Outrossim, destaca-se o funcionamento do sistema de classificação do café e os procedimentos adotados. Desse modo, foi proposto um fluxo de procedimentos para o Departamento de Café que visa minimizar as falhas de comunicação organizacional e conciliação de sistemas gerenciais e garantir eficiência operacional para a cooperativa.
CHANCHADAS, CINEJORNAIS, CANGAÇO E CINEMA NOVO: O NORDESTE NO CINEMA ENTRE OS ANOS 50 E 60
Authors: Gomes Ana Ângela Farias , Pereira Keline
Published: November 2020

O artigo aborda a produção cinematográfica brasileira entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960 para investigar os modos como o Nordeste é tematizado. Ora espaço do arcaísmo nacional, ora representação do Brasil real com todas as suas complexidades, o Nordeste no cinema deste período reflete as forças sociais em movimento no país. Há a tentativa de uma indústria nacional cinematográfica que copia a estética hollywoodiana através das chanchadas e do Nordestern; a política assistencialista enaltecida nos cinejornais; e a revolução estético-política proposta pelo Cinema Novo, presente principalmente nos filmes de Glauber Rocha.
RIO SÃO FRANCISCO E CIDADE: INTERAÇÃO SÓCIO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Hermano Vivian Mendes
Published: November 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar os tipos de atividades realizadas nas margens do rio, no trecho que corresponde a parte da área urbana das cidades de Pirapora/MG e Buritizeiro/MG. A ideia é compreender a relação da população das cidades pesquisadas com o rio, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória no campo dos estudos sócio ambientais. O trecho de estudo compreende a região do alto São Francisco, e as cidades oferecem condições socioambientais que influenciam o modo de vida, levando à diversificação das atividades sociais. O conjunto metodológico da pesquisa constitui-se em duas frentes: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a observação direta da realidade. O aprofundamento teórico e a caracterização da área de estudo foram desenvolvidos a partir do ambiente hidrográfico e urbano, buscando apresentar as características das atividades. No trecho analisado, as categorias identificadas foram: balneário, bares e restaurantes, agricultura de subsistência e pesca. Os principais usos foram os recreativos, doméstico e comercial. Foram identificadas poucas ações públicas de melhoraria para a relação população e o rio. Esta pesquisa teve a duração de um ano (2017/2018) e foi financiada pela Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES).
SUPERESTRUTURA JURÍDICA E IMUNIDADE PENAL DA ELITE ECONÔMICA BRASILEIRA NO CRIME DE TRABALHO ESCRAVO
Authors: Silva Artenira da Silva e , Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa , Santos Nonnato Masson Mendes dos
Published: November 2020

RESUMO

presente artigo problematiza o fenômeno das agências de controle penal acessarem mecanismos despenalizadores quando se trata de condutas criminalizadas cujos autores são em sua maioria membros da elite econômica, se valendo, para tanto, de categorias marxianas e marxistas que compreendem essas agências de controle como parte de uma superestrutura jurídica baseada na infraestrutura econômica garantidora da imunidade penal de determinados grupos que, por regra do sistema, devem ser imunes, posto que a referida engenharia de poder controla os corpos daqueles que podem vir a sublevar o status quo.

Palavras-chave: Agências de controle penal; Seletividade penal; Poder Judiciário.
FORMING RISK-ORIENTED COMPETENCE OF MILITARY SERVICES IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO WORLD SAFETY STANDARDS
Authors: Artemov V. , Lytvynenko N.
Published: November 2020

The professional training of the modern military serviceman of the Armed Forces is an ongoing process that involves the formation of a person with high moral and business qualities, capable of qualitatively solving complex military and professional tasks in peacetime and special period. The training of military personnel is carried out against the background of global confrontation and hybrid aggression by the northern neighbor. One of the important components of the Armed Forces reform is the long-awaited reform for noncommissioned officers. It is planned to change the functionality of the sergeant corps, in essence, to form the necessary risk-oriented competencies for the sergeant, to make him an effective assistant to the middle-level commander and to create additional motivation for the citizens of Ukraine to undergo military service under a contract, which will facilitate the transition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. However, the issue of risk-oriented competency formation for military personnel in the context of the transition to global security standards has still received little attention. The purpose of the article is to create a scientific foundation for the formation of risk-oriented competence of military personnel in the conditions of transition to the world security standards. On the whole, it can be stated that the level and quality of professional training of military personnel in Ukraine is at a satisfactory level, but needs improvement. Today, the military education system has received practical training, the advanced training methods of the NATO Member States' Armed Forces, as well as distance learning technologies have been introduced into the educational process, military education institutions are equipped with modern methods, but educational and methodological support for the risk orientation. According to current ideas, risk-based thinking and risk-oriented competence should be shared by every member of society. However, above all, this applies to those whose professional activity depends on the security of the state and society.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS IN PROVIDING THE QUALITY OF SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TRAINING OF FUTURE TACTICAL LEVEL OFFICERS
Authors: Buryy S. , Bura Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals and substantiates the pedagogical conditions that determine the providing quality professional training of future officers, namely: didactic, academic pedagogical conditions in the educational process of higher military educational institution. Pedagogical conditions in the educational process of military management training form the basis in the formation of high military professionalism, which has the following components: system of professional knowledge and skills in the management of the unit, education and training of subordinate personnel; system of behavior qualities; system of moral and psychological qualities. The management culture of the officer and its practical importance for the officer in fulfilling the socially important professional duties are theoretically substantiated in the article. Organizational and methodological pedagogical conditions of the formation of management culture of future officers are measures of the educational process that ensure the subjective behavior of cadets, create favorable conditions for them as a full-fledged subject of the educational process. Methodological and organizational conditions of the educational process of higher military educational institution are the use of professionally oriented methods and didactic technologies of educational activities, which have a methodological reason to stimulate the development and improvement of thinking processes taking into account the age peculiarities, military-professional and management experience, future career prospects and job competencies of future officers; ensuring the development of the bases of management culture of cadets in educational activity. The organizational and pedagogical conditions of the formation of management culture of future officers include the creation of a professionally oriented learning environment in higher military educational institution; providing cross-curricular links between the disciplines that create favorable organizational conditions for the purposeful development of the educational process of military educational institution in the training of tactical level officers. Pedagogical conditions are the basis for mastering professional general theoretical disciplines by a future officer of the tactical level in education and the basis of management training as a military commander.
THE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS AND TASKS OF MODERN MILITARY EDUCATION
Authors: Popkov B.
Published: November 2020

The scientific article presents a theoretical-practical analysis of the pedagogical issue on the prior directions and objectives for the development of military education in Ukraine under the conditions of integrating the Armed Forces of Ukraine into the structure of both NATO-members and partners and the ongoing conduct of the Operation of United Forces in the East of Ukraine. The system of military education is to promote the restoring of the staff and personnel potential of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, create and establish the necessary preconditions for a definite and qualitive staffing procedure, with personnel capable of professional performance of the set tasks under the conditions of both peace and war. For a professional, disciplined, equipped with modern military equipment and mobile Armed Forces staffed with personnel conscious of the high patriotic duties to be performed is one of the crucial elements for the stable and sustainable development of our state. One of the prior directions of modern development for military education is the responsibility and transparent feedback of the educational authorities and the military educational institutions to the state and society for the quality of training military specialists in terms of assuring their capabilities and readiness to effectively and efficiently perform the service related combat functions as an integral part of troops (forces) in accordance with their positions under the conditions of peace and war. Based upon the scientific-practical analysis of literature, personal scientific and military experience the prior directions and ways of development of military education have been determined, namely the rule of law, the appropriate meeting of the normative-legal basis of military education to both national and European standards as well as the peculiarities of development of the main elements of the security and defense sector of Ukraine in terms of their interoperability with the structure of NATO-member countries; the integration of military education into an overall educational system nation-wide; the integration of the military education of Ukraine with the European military-educational area under the preconditions of maintaining and developing the progressive achievements of national military educational system, a natural connection and link between the military education and the national and world history, culture and traditions; the accessibility and competitiveness in the process of obtaining military education. The perspectives of further scientific research are the following: implementing the set tasks and objectives in terms of developing modern military education due to the development of authentic methods and practical recommendations including the development of the military-political situation in Ukraine.
METHODOLOGY OF SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO GUARANTEE THE QUALITY OF
TRAINING FOR OFFICERS IN MILITARY UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Ryzhykov V. , Popkov B. , Horiacheva K. , Sokolina O.
Published: November 2020

he methodology of systematic approach of guaranteeing the quality of training for military specialists in higher militaryeducational institutions is disclosed in the article. It was determined that the process of education and upbringing takes placeunder conditions of change of pedagogical goals in any pedagogical system. This process is accompanied by the emergence ofnew tasks in the field of education and education as society develops. There is a constant updating of scientific information, inthe conditions of improvement of existing ones and creation of new methods of teaching and upbringing. There is a constantupdate of the student and teacher contingent throughout the learning and upbringing process.The systematic approach as a methodological basis for the development of quality assurance systems for the training ofmilitary specialists in higher military educational institutions is revealed. It is found that the systematic approach does not existin the form of a clear methodology with a defined logical concept. This system, formed from a set of logical techniques,methodological rules and principles of theoretical research, thus performs a heuristic function in the general system of scientificknowledge.The functioning of the system is the process of professional training of future military specialists in higher militaryeducational establishments. An important result of the functioning of the system is the high level of readiness of future militaryspecialists for practical activity. This can be achieved by ordering the system based on certain principles. These principlesinclude: the principle of objectivity, completeness, specific-historical (genetic) approach, systematic, contradictory pedagogicalexperience.
Changes in the material and technical equipment of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in the context of deepening of European integration relations
Authors: Georgieva Mariia
Published: November 2020

The article highlights the experience of Bulgaria in the field of public administration and regulation of logistical support of the agricultural sector of the economy under European integration conditions. The legislative bases of support of the national agricultural machine-building are analyzed with the aim of determining the factors of increasing the efficiency of agrarian production, depending on its logistical support in the conditions of European integration. In the course of the study, extensive methodological tools were used, in particular, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, unity of logical and historical approaches, comparative law, historical law and formal law. Main results: It has been found that in order to ensure high efficiency of agricultural production, a wide range of Bulgarian production equipment should be created. State support was provided by financing targeted programs aimed at improving the logistical base of the Bulgarian village. The state policy of promoting the development of innovative activity of agricultural producers has been investigated. Practical meaning: The author’s proposals to improve the logistics and increase the efficiency of agricultural machinery use by agricultural producers can be used in the formation of national state support policy in the formation of the material base of the Ukrainian village. Originality: For the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the Bulgarian experience of logistical support of the agrarian producer in the conditions of European integration has been investigated and generalized. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the Bulgarian experience in organizing the system of state support for logistics and supply of the agricultural sector of the economy. The structure of logistical support of the Bulgarian village is revealed through the system of legislative acts and targeted programs. The regularities of state support of logistical support of agriculture have been studied. It is substantiated that the logistics of agricultural production affects its efficiency and effectiveness.
Integrating Treatment for Autism: Etiology and Life Cycle
Authors: Tsipan R.M. , Parenteau C.I. , Hendren R.L.
Published: November 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is linked to a multitude of genes, epigenetics, and environmental factors, which contribute to the complexities of treating ASD. A large body of literature suggests benefits from perinatal, early, and later intervention. It is common for physicians to struggle with making a diagnosis of ASD, but once it is made, parents who have been taught effective strategies can be impactful in their child’s positive development. Neuroimaging studies of children, adolescents and young adults with ASD suggest that their brain structures change over time and are also capable of being shaped through appropriate interventions. Interventions are also being adapted for adults with ASD to better address their needs, such as employment training programs. We review the wide array of risk factors and interventions to mitigate the challenges individuals with ASD face in their daily lives.
A Meta-Category “People” and Limits of Cognition in the Science of Constitutional Law
Authors: Kostogryzov P. I.
Published: November 2020

Based on approaches existing in domestic science to the interpretation of the term “a people”, the author concludes that in constitutional law the term under consideration is used in at least two different meanings: 1.as a source of power; and 2. as a subject of constitutional rights. The author highlights the irreducibility of this duality and substantiates the thesis that the concept of the people as a source of power is one of the limiting concepts of constitutional law and, therefore, cannot be defined within its framework. Awareness of this problem leads some Russian lawyers to denying the principle of popular sovereignty, and other scholars try to equate the concept of “a people as a source of power” with the concept of electoral corps. Arguing both these approaches, the author highlights that according to Gödel’s theorem on incompleteness, constitutional law as a system of formally defined norms cannot be complete and uncontroversial at the same time. Attempts to construct a “pure” constitutional-legal theory free of any extra-legal elements where definitions of all concepts the theory operates would be derived from the theory itself lead to intractable contradictions. If the system of constitutional law is built as non-contradictory, it is inevitably incomplete, in particular it uses concepts that cannot be defined within its framework. The author investigates such concepts and categories belonging to a higher level of abstraction as meta-categories, or marginal concepts, of the science of constitutional law. The category “the people as a source of power” is one of them. Concerning the dilemma of completeness and consistency of constitutional law as a system of formally defined norms, the author prioritizes consistency.
Experience of Legislative Regulation of Secessions in Three Countries: The USSR, China, and Canada
Authors: Andreeva G. N.
Published: November 2020

Secession in the 20th-21st centuries have become subject to legal regulation at the level of current legislation issued on the basis of the provisions of the national Constitution. The paper analyzes three of the laws on secession. Two of them (the USSR and Canada) regulate the implementation of secession from the state, the third (China) prohibits secession. All the three acts are based on the interpretation of relevant constitutional norms. An analysis of these laws in terms of the purpose for their issuance, content, features, and the degree of achievement of the officially formulated goals shows a significant discrepancy between the officially set goals and the legal tools of legislative techniques used to achieve them. Despite the different names and officially stated goals for secession laws adoption, all the three laws are aimed at either preventing secession or significantly delaying the process. In the Soviet and Canadian laws that formally permit secession, the main role in the process of "delaying" the issue is assigned to the central authorities of the state, which are given broad powers and opportunities to recognize the results of a referendum held by the relevant region as invalid. Due to the nature of Taiwan’s status and its relationship with China the PRC law can hardly be seen as an attempt to create a legal mechanism of counteraction of secession. It is rather a political warning, made in the form of a legal act, of the inadmissibility, in the opinion of the PRC, the international legal formalization of the independence of Taiwan. The legislative regulation of secession issues does not yet contain new mechanisms that clearly ensure the democratic nature of state decision-making. However, no matter how weak the legislative regulation of secession issues is, it is a step forward in comparison with the use of force to solve regional problems.
La Polarización Mediática en Latinoamérica
Authors: Guijarro Piedra Marco
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad, la población ecuatoriana convive bajo una polarización mediática —sin precedentes— que está marcada por la lucha de clases heredada desde la época colonial. Vivimos una nueva era tecnológica, de información digital y de decadencia de medios tradicionales, donde la proliferación de noticias falsas, analfabetismo mediático y el sesgo en la información son “pan de cada día” en la opinión pública. Este artículo desnuda la relación entre polarización mediática y grupos de presión, analizando la influencia de tendencias políticas contrapuestas en el periodo de 2007 a 2017. Para ello, se empleó una metodología de estudio cualitativa, basada en entrevistas con expertos en el campo y análisis de literatura y estadísticas del

tema. Los resultados revelan una clara conexión entre la polarización mediática y la lucha por ejercer el poder y se resalta, además, la necesidad de una alfabetización mediática en Ecuador.
Reinventando la crónica: el uso del género en narrativas interculturales
Authors: Andrade Sánchez María Belén
Published: November 2020

A lo largo de los últimos 20 años, el auge de la crónica periodística latinoamericana supone una serie de procesos de transición y transmutación basados en el posicionamiento de la web como medio prominente de publicación. En Ecuador, esta ola ha alumbrado un conjunto de proyectos de periodismo digital de propuesta

alternativa, que acentúan la narrativa, la investigación y la utilización de recursos multimedia para potencializar la fuerza de los relatos. Mediante la valorización matricial de contenidos digitales, esta investigación esclarece la asiduidad con la cual se hace uso de elementos multimedia, hipertextuales e interactivos en varias

crónicas publicadas por tres de los medios nativos web más sobresalientes. Como resultado, se halló ciertas inobservancias en cuanto a su constitución como formatos de naturaleza digital.
Comparison of the Skill of Emergency Medical Technicians in Terms of Advanced Airway Management Using Endotracheal Tube vs Laryngeal Mask Airway in an OSCE Using a Mannequin
Authors: Saberian Peyman , Karimialavijeh Ehsan , Sadeghi Mostafa , Rahimi Mojgan , Hasani-Sharamin Parisa , Sotoodehnia Mehran
Published: November 2020

Background: Supraglottic airway management tools such as the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have recently emerged as the first choice in pre-hospital and hospital airway management guidelines as well as an alternative strategy after endotracheal tube (ETT) placement failure. However, the pros and cons of the LMA compared to endotracheal intubation are still debated.
Given that no study has been conducted to date on the skills of emergency medical technician (EMT) in airway management using LMA compared to endotracheal intubation, we decided to do a study in this regard.
Methods: In this objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), EMTs who had a degree of associate or bachelor were participated. The examiner asked the examinees the required information and entered it in the pre-prepared checklists. The participants took part in a two-stage exam. In the first stage, the airway management of the simulated trauma patient was performed by endotracheal intubation, and in the second stage, the same scenario was performed with LMA. At each stage, the examiner evaluated the examinee's performance in 4 fields of Preparation, Pre-oxygenation, Position and Placement, and Post-intubation management using a standard checklist. In addition, the duration of the procedure from the beginning to the time of fixing the ETT or LMA was recorded and compared.
Results: Totally, 105 EMTs participated in this study, of whom, 102 were male (97.1%). The mean age of the subjects was 36.4± 7.3 years old. Of the total participants, 72 passed both practical exams successfully, and they generally insert the LMA faster; so that the duration of intubation and LMA insertion in 1.4% and 30.6% were <1 min, respectively (p< 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in terms of the mean time (p= 0.427).
Conclusion: In the present study, the skills of the technicians participating in the study in performing advanced airway procedures were moderate, and also, it was found that their skills in LMA insertion were less than endotracheal tube insertion.
Hyperglycemic Response of Non-diabetic Women Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy Who Have Received Prophylactic Dexamethasone to Alleviate Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Samimi Sadeh Saghar , Bastanhagh Ehsan , Mohammadi Somayeh , Shariat Moharari Reza , Pourfakhr Pejman , Smith Jane
Published: November 2020

Background: This study has been designed to assess the hyperglycemic response in non-diabetic patients in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy; who have received a prophylactic dose of dexamethasone to alleviate post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
Methods: This was a double blind randomized clinical trial involving seventy women who were candidates for abdominal hysterectomy. The women were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A received 8mgs (in 50 mls normal saline) of IV dexamethasone; post-anesthetic induction and pre-surgery. Group B received 50 mls of normal saline post-anesthetic induction and pre-surgery. Patients were asked whether they had any nausea and vomiting during recovery. The patients’ blood sugar (BS) levels were assessed before surgery, during recovery and then 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery.
Results: Thirty-three women in each group were monitored. Assessment of the results indicates that nausea and vomiting were not significantly different between the two groups. The age and BS before surgery of the patients were not significantly different. BS levels after surgery were significantly higher for the group receiving dexamethasone; with the exception of the levels during the first hour.
Conclusion: The BS of women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy is significantly higher for those receiving a single dose of dexamethasone, post-operatively, compared to patients receiving a placebo. The finding of this study does not support the role of dexamethasone in the prophylactic anti-emetic treatment in abdominal hysterectomy.
Comparison the Efficacy of EMLA Cream versus EMLA with High Frequency Sonophoresis in Decreasing Onset Time to Topical Anaesthesia in Adult Volunteers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Adabala Vijay , Kumar Ajit , Talawar Praveen , Dhar Mridul , Ravi Gandham
Published: November 2020

Background: Sonophoresis or phonophoresis is a well-known transdermal drug delivery mechanism. Usage of high frequency ultrasound for sonophoresis was initiated in late 1950s while the usage of low-frequency sonophoresis was investigated significantly during the past two decades. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of high frequency ultrasound probe in the penetration of EMLA cream in decreasing onset time for topical anaesthesia in adult healthy volunteers.
Methods: A prospective, open labelled, comparative study was conducted on patients reporting at the Pain Clinic our institute. Subjects received the intervention USG probe with EMLA either on the left or the right hand based on a random number chart, with the other hand of the same subject acting as a control. In group USG, the probe was applied directly on the cream without any added pressure. Sensory testing was done every 10 minutes by pin prick on both the hands of the patients NRS scores of both the hands were recorded at 10.20,30 and 40 minutes.
Results: Total 20 patients were selected for the study. Although a significant decrease in the pain scores in both the groups was observed after 40minutes, (p<0.05) both the groups are comparable at each point of time. We could not find any significant decrease in pain scores when groups are compared in intervals during the study period.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference in decreasing the intensity of pain scores upon application of ultrasound over EMLA in an adult population. Further studies have to be done to prove the efficacy in a larger population and pediatric ones.
Balloon eustachian tuboplasty for patients with chronic eustachian tube dysfunction: a novel method for Iranian samples
Authors: Mohamadi Mahnaz , Motasaddi Zarandy Masoud , Mohammadi Ardehali Mojtaba , Motasaddi Zarandy Mina
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Balloon eustachian tub­oplasty (BET) is a recently developed and app­roved method for management of chronic eus­tachian tube dysfunction (ETD). In the present study we aimed to evaluate the safety and effi­cacy of this method in Iranian samples.
Methods: In this prospective case-series study, we included 15 adult patients with chronic ETD who were resistant to previous medical manage­ments and/or ventilation tube use. All patients underwent baseline audiometry (pure tone audio­metry and tympanometry), Valsalva maneuver, EDT questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7), and physical examination. Three to six months after the BET procedure, all patients underwent four evaluation methods again.
Results: We found a significant improvement in the mean ETDQ-7 scores comparing pre- and post-test scores (p < 0.0001). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the average air-bone gap from 40.55 at baseline to 27.22 after treatment (p < 0.001). In the Valsalva test, 17 out of 18 study ears (92.3%) had a positive result after the surgery. Under tympanographic evalu­ation, 9 ears (50%) reported a conversion from type B to type A after treatment, 2 ears (11%) had a conversion from type B to C, and 7 ears (39%) showed no any change and stayed in type B after BET.
Conclusion: As a novel method in Iran, BET can be an alternative safe treatment option for chro­nic ETD.
Keywords: Balloon eustachian tuboplasty; eustachian tube dysfunction; Iranian
Effect of sinusoidally amplitude modulated broadband noise stimuli on stream segregation in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Antony P Jawahar , Barman Animesh
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Auditory stream segre­gation is a phenomenon that splits sounds into different streams. The temporal cues that contri­bute for stream segregation have been previ­ously studied in normal hearing people. In peo­ple with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the cues for temporal envelope coding is not usually affected, while the temporal fine structure cues are affected. These two temporal cues depend on the amplitude modulation frequency. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sin­usoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) broadband noises on stream segregation in individuals with SNHL.
Methods: Thirty normal hearing subjects and 30 subjects with mild to moderate bilateral SNHL participated in the study. Two experi­ments were performed; in the first experiment, the AB sequence of broadband SAM stimuli was presented, while in the second experiment, only B sequence was presented. A low (16 Hz) and a high (256 kHz) standard modulation fre­quency were used in these experiments. The subjects were asked to find the irregularities in the rhythmic sequence.
Results: Both the study groups could identify the irregularities similarly in both the experi­ments. The minimum cumulative delay was sli­ghtly higher in the SNHL group.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the temporal cues provided by the broadband SAM noises for low and high standard modulation frequencies were not used for stream segregation by either normal hearing subjects or those with SNHL.
Keywords: Stream segregation; sinusoidal amplitude modulation; sensorineural hearing loss
Investigation of Registered Work-related Accidents for Urban Sanitation Workers of Kashan Municipality from 2015 to 2018
Authors: CHAVOSHI Ahmad , KARAMALI Fahimeh , RAHIMI Habiballah , MORAVVEJI Alireza , POUYAKIAN Mostafa
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Urban sanitation workers, including waste disposal workers and street cleaners, are exposed to a wide range of occupational hazards and accidents. No study regarding such accidents has been carried out so far in Kashan city. Therefore, the incidents that occurred for this group of workers at the Kashan municipality from 2015 to 2018 were examine in this study.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Demographic data and injury data were collected through periodic medical examination reports of workers who were injured in a work-related accident during the period of this study. Also, official accident forms completed by authorities were used for gathering information about the accidents. Descriptive and analytical statistics were utilized to analyze data.
Results: Two out of 95 occupational accidents resulted in death. Garbage collection workers (69.5%) had the highest amount of accidents. Among those, individuals who were involved in accidents, those who had work experience of one year (45.26%), those who had primary school education (43.2%), those having two children (32.6%), and were in the age group of 30 to 39 years had the highest number of accidents. The most common cause and type of accidents were the sharp objects injuries into hands and feet (26.3%) and sprains/strains (50.5%). Most accidents injured limbs (hands and feet). There was a statistically significant correlation between the cause and effect of accidents (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that urban sanitation workers suffer from occupational injuries more commonly from bruises and sprains/strains that require medical interventions. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is widely accepted as an essential factor in preventing occupational injuries. Therefore, the application of this equipment is recommended.
Consumo e Desenvolvimento Sustentável: um olhar sobre o comportamento de estudantes universitários em relação aos hábitos de consumo e de descarte de aparelho celulares
Authors: Morigi Josimari De Brito , Jesus Marcos Junio Ferreira de
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo almeja realizar uma análise do comportamento de estudantes universitários em relação aos hábitos de consumo e de descarte de aparelhos celulares em desuso, e tem como foco principal a preocupação com os aparelhos celulares que não recebem um descarte ambientalmente correto. Realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico e a aplicação de questionários estruturados junto aos estudantes do curso de Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, localizada na Mesorregião Centro Ocidental - Paranaense. Os resultados evidenciam que o público investigado, em sua maioria, busca trocar de aparelho celular com certa frequência, especialmente para obter benefícios atrelados à evolução da tecnologia: aparelhos mais modernos, rápidos e eficientes, com uma funcionalidade melhor em relação ao espaço da memória e o uso de aplicativos, e também pela curta vida útil dos aparelhos. Também se constatou que o nível de conhecimento da maioria dos estudantes em relação ao descarte ecologicamente correto é satisfatório, porém, a grande maioria afirmou que obtém na internet as informações sobre o descarte de celulares. Ademais, vários estudantes atestaram que possuem um ou mais aparelhos celulares em desuso guardados em suas residências, demonstrando, portanto, a necessidade de ações por parte das empresas fabricantes e comercializadoras de tais produtos e do poder público no sentido de informar os riscos e os prejuízos que o descarte incorreto do lixo eletrônico pode acarretar e também indicar e disponibilizar os locais adequados para se fazer o descarte.
Propuesta para la aplicación de métodos ágiles en el diseño conceptual de un dron
Authors: Barragán Germán , Urrea Germán , Niño Navia Juliana Andrea
Published: November 2020

Cuando se desarrolla un nuevo producto aeroespacial, es esencial evaluar su rendimiento. Los drones se consideran un producto noble con un enorme potencial de impacto en la industria de la aviación en los próximos años. El diseño de un dron certificado es una actividad compleja en la que interactúan varias áreas del conocimiento. Normalmente se plantea en fases que abarcan desde la viabilidad hasta la producción. En este artículo se propone el uso de metodologías ágiles para el diseño conceptual de un dron. Diversos estudios han demostrado el potencial para abordar desafíos similares mediante el uso de métodos análogos a aquellos que fueron empleados en el desarrollo de software (como las metodologías ágiles). El Scrum fue el método ágil seleccionado para su adaptación al diseño del dron con el fin de gestionar mejor la complejidad del proceso de diseño (incluyendo las alteraciones de este). Finalmente, se presenta una propuesta para la aplicación de este método mostrando las diferentes etapas diseño y sus beneficios potenciales.