bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of intrathecal levobupivacaine-clonidine and bupivacaine in the quality of anesthesia for patients undergoing hernioplasty
Authors: Sayantan Dutta  , Sushmita Das  , Debasish Saha  , Nayak Jisnu
Published: October 2023

Background: Bupivacaine is most commonly used amino-amide drug for subarachnoid block in hernioplasty. Levobupivacaine has similar pharmacological activity to that of bupivacaine with minimal cardiotoxicity. Clonidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist, potentiates the action of local anesthetics when used intrathecally and enhances post-operative analgesia.
Aims and Objectives: This prospective, comparative, observational study was aimed to compare the effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine with clonidine and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing hernioplasty for the quality of surgical anesthesia and hemodynamic changes with any significant intraoperative complications.
Materials and Methods: After receiving approval from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent, 80 male patients aged between 18 and 60 years, BMI <30 kg/m2, height>150 cm, and American society of anesthesiologists physical status1 and 2 posted for elective hernioplasty were enrolled into two equal groups of 40 patients, group LC and group B. Patients in group LC received 15 mg 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with 30 μg clonidine and patients in group B received 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally. SPSS version 20 was used for analysis, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In group LC, onsets of both sensory and motor blocks were delayed, whereas durations of motor and sensory block with analgesia were longer. Tachycardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and shivering were observed greater in numbers in group B, whereas incidence of bradycardia was more in group LC.
Conclusion: Prolonged duration of sensory and motor block, prolonged analgesic effect, and hemodynamic stability without any significant adverse effects may make this combination a better alternative to hyperbaric bupivacaine for hernioplasty.
Study of spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Dey Ankita , Preeti Malpani  , Urvashi Channa
Published: October 2023

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has various complications among which one of the main organs to be affected is the hepatobiliary system ranging from mild liver function test derangements to significant hepatic abnormalities with marked hyperbilirubinemia.
Aims and Objectives: We studied the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement in children with SCD and its association with various factors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at M.Y Hospital Indore, a tertiary centre in central India. All old and new SCD patients under age of 18 years were enrolled sequentially, their detailed history and thorough clinical examination based on a pre-structured proforma noted. Laboratory investigations and radiological evaluation were performed to assess hepatobiliary involvement and its association with various factors was studied.
Results: Two hundred and two patients with SCD were enrolled during the study period and hepatobiliary involvement was seen in 84 (41.5%) subjects. The most common acute complication was acute hepatic crisis, (20; 9.9%) followed by hepatic sequestration and intrahepatic cholestasis (2; 0.9%). Cholelithiasis was the only chronic complication, seen in 60 (29.7%) patients. Maximum number of patients (53%) were in the age group of 6.1–12 years, least (22%) belonged to 6 months–6 years of age. In our study, 52.5% of patients were females. Symptoms with hepatobiliary involvement were yellowish discoloration of eyes (39.10%), fever (36.10%), abdominal pain (20.8%), vomiting (14.4%), and bleeding (0.9%). Indirect and direct bilirubin, liver enzymes were raised, coagulation profile deranged, and the synthetic function of liver reduced. The most common USG finding was hepatomegaly, seen in 111 (54.9%) patients. Significant association between hepatobiliary involvement with higher HbS concentration, increased frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis/year, and higher transfusion requirement was noted.
Conclusion: There is significant hepatobiliary involvement in patients with SCD, accounting for great morbidity and mortality requiring high degree of clinical suspicion for timely diagnosis and early treatment.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in adult immune thrombocytopenia patients
Authors: Suresh Kumar M  , Natarajan M  , Palanikumaran V  , Prakash V  , Vasantha Kalyani D
Published: October 2023

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria colonizing more than half of the world’s human stomachs. It is the causal agent of active chronic gastritis and the most common cause of peptic ulceration, including gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to the prevalence of H. pylori infection in adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients.
Materials and Methods: An interventional and prospective study was conducted over 6 months with over 50 ITP patients, including those admitted to the general medicine ward and those in regular follow-up in medicine outpatient department. In addition, in all primary ITP patients, a stool antigen test for H. pylori Ag and baseline complete blood count, including platelet count, were done. In addition, all patients’ platelet count was monitored twice weekly for 6 months.
Results: Of the 50 patients, 40 are female and 10 are male. The bleeding manifestation was present in 34 patients (68%) and absent in 16 (32%). Among 34 patients, purpura was more frequent (35.3%), followed by gum bleeding 17.6%. Fourteen people tested positive for the H. pylori antigen. Thirty-six patients were found to be H. pylori antigen negative. H. pylori positive frequency was 28%. Patients who receive both steroids and an H. pylori regimen are 9 (18%). Patients who received the H. pylori regimen were only 5 (10%). Patients only receiving steroid doses are 27 (54%).
Conclusion: We conclude that 28% of our study patients are infected with H. pylori, and eradicating this organism significantly improves the platelet count. However, a more extended follow-up period is needed to detect the true prevalence of H. pylori infection and the duration of remission.
Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among whole blood donors at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar
Authors: Rubiya Ryhan  , Hilal Ahmad Tali  , Falak Ara  , Irshad Ahmad Tali  , Kaneez Fatima  , Shabir Ahmad Shiekh
Published: October 2023

Background: Blood transfusion has become a specialized modality of patient management and every year saves the millions of lives. However, it is not always safe and may lead to many life threatening complications among which transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are most significant and detrimental for the recipients. Hence, an integrated strategy for blood safety is required for the elimination of TTIs and or provision of safe and adequate blood transfusion services to the people.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the seroprevalence of HIV infections among whole blood donors at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based study carried in the postgraduate department of blood transfusion and immunohematology SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. All donor samples were screened for HIV by the ELISA method.
Results: Overall, seroprevalence of HIV was found to be 0.013%. All the positive cases were male donors. Seroprevalence was the highest among replacement donors (0.011%) as compared to voluntary donors (0.001 %).
Conclusion: It is very important to continue the screening of donated blood with highly sensitive and specific tests and to counsel donors who are reactive to any of the infectious diseases (like HIV, hepatitis B virus, HCV, syphilis, or malaria) and conduct extensive public awareness programs and measures to make transfusion of blood and blood components safe.
A study of early experience with the use of buccal mucosa for substitution urethroplasty
Authors: Rajasekar Maruthamuthu  , Pugazhenthi Periasamy  , Jayaprakash Narashimman  , Kuladeep Vankadara
Published: October 2023

Background: The long-term results of internal urethrotomy are poor in stricture urethra. It requires repeated procedures followed up with repeated dilatation. Suprechko in 1886, was the first to describe the use of buccal mucosal graft (BMG). The new technique of dorsal on-lay graft Urethroplasty described by Barbagli in 1995, has been greeted with great amount of enthusiasm through the world.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of buccal mucosa graft in stricture urethra at our centre. The main objective of this study is to assess early complications in buccal mucosal Urethroplasty.
Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study conducted at Stanley medical college, Chennai from October 2011 to February 2013. A total of 13 patients were enrolled in the study.
Results: Out of 13 patients, 9 patients underwent dorsal on-lay BMG. 3 patients underwent dorsal on-lay+ventral meatotomy. 2 patients underwent dorsal on-lay+meatoplasty. Only two patients developed immediate post-operative wound infection. One patient developed 1 cm penile skin necrosis at ventral aspect of penis. None of the patient developed significant complications.
Conclusion: Dorsal on-lay is the preferred form of graft placement. BMG is the ideal substitute for urethra, especially in medium length urethral stricture. Oral cavity donor site had no significant complications. Failure rate was 15.38%, so dorsal on lay technique is ideal for urethral stricture with longer follow up required.
Measurement of head circumference, head length, head width, intercanthal distance, ear length, and distribution of low-set ear in a healthy newborn population of West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya , Chaudhury Subhramoy
Published: October 2023

Background: Anthropometry is a process of systemic measurement of the human body and its different parts. A reference dataset of craniofacial measurements of a particular geographic area and particular age group is useful for reconstructive surgery of the face, orthodontic research, criminal and racial identification, assessment of the nutritional status of children and diagnosing dysmorphogenesis conditions.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to obtain the measurements of craniofacial parameters, including head length, head width, head circumference, intercanthal distance, ear length, and ear position in normal- and low-birth-weight (BW) healthy newborn babies to prepare a dataset of these parameters. Another objective was to find out if there were statistically significant differences in the above parameters between male and female newborn population in normal- and low-BW (LBW) newborn groups.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the nursery, department of Pediatrics, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal (Eastern India), on 1571 healthy newborn babies (1-2 days old).
Results: We obtained the range and mean value of all the parameters in newborn. No statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed. The most common head shape was mesocephalic (45%). Low-set ear was found in 0.043–0.057% of cases, and no statistically significant difference was observed between normal and LBW newborn population regarding the distribution of low-set ear. Most of the craniofacial parameters had statistically significantly higher values in normal BW babies than in the low-birth-weight group.
Conclusion: These data sets can be used by clinicians, and researchers as a reference for the newborn population of West Bengal.
A study with focus on course and outcome of delayed neurological deterioration in mild head injury patients
Authors: Sachin Dhakad  , Abhilash Singh  , Kumar Deepak  , Pruthviraj CS  , Rashmi Thakur  , Vinod Yedalwar  , Sonpal Jindal
Published: October 2023

Background: Mild head injury (MHI) complicated by an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cause of hospital admission after head trauma. The majority of patients get non-operative care, maintain neurological stability, and are successfully discharged. However, a small proportion of people experience delayed neurological deterioration (DND). The characteristics of DND following an MHI exacerbated by ICH are poorly understood.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the temporal course and outcome of MHI patients with respect to DND.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed on all adult patients presenting over 15 consecutive months with MHI. Patients who were treated conservatively after initial head computed tomography and had a subsequent DND (Glasgow Coma Scale score decrease ≥2) were identified. Demographics, neurological status, clinical and temporal course, radiographic findings, and outcome data were collected.
Results: Over 15 months, 150 patients with MHI were included in the study for observation; of these, 49 patients experienced DND. 31.33% of patients deteriorated within 24 h after admission. 14 patients (9.37%) died. Variables significantly associated with mortality included age >60 years delayed presentation at tertiary center, progressive intracranial bleed, or increase in cerebral edema.
Conclusion: The incidence of DND after MHI with ICH is low and usually occurs within 24 h after admission. It results in significant morbidity and mortality if it is the result of progressive ICH. Further research is needed to identify risk factors that can allow early detection and improve outcomes in these patients
Prospective observational comparative study of outcomes between single-layer versus double-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis
Authors: Md Hakim Mia  , Kuiri Shib Shankar , Kanchan Kundu  , Sayan Chakrabarty
Published: October 2023

Background: In elective gastric surgeries, gastrojejunostomy is the most common anastomosis being done in both benign and malignant conditions. Anastomotic leak, bleeding, wound infection, and anastomotic stricture are important complications associated with intestinal anastomosis. Both double-layer and single-layer anastomosis are well-established techniques for gastrojejunostomy. Till now, there are no definite concluding findings that determine the suitability of either technique.
Aims and Objectives: To compare the utility of single-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis versus double-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis in terms of post-operative outcome.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective comparative study was conducted in the department of general surgery BSMCH with a time frame of about 1/2 years. A total no of 52 patients of the adult age group (18–80 years) admitted in the department of general surgery underwent gastrointestinal anastomosis has been studied.
Results: Twenty-six (50%) patients underwent single-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis. The rest 26 (50%) underwent double-layer anastomosis. There is no statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of post-operative nausea vomiting (P=0.73419), wound infection (P=0.385332), anastomotic leak (P=0.552003), and pelvic abscess (P=0.4924). However, the duration of surgery (P<0.0001) and hospital stay (P=0.0179) was significantly less in single-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis.
Conclusion: Double-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis offers no definite advantage over single-layer anastomosis in terms of post-operative complications. Considering the duration of the anastomosis procedure and hospital stay, single-layer gastrointestinal anastomosis may prove the optimal choice in most surgical situations.
A comparative study of cytomorphological features of primary and metastatic hepatic lesions - A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Sujitha R  , Mohamed Hamza A  , Kandibanda Sai Sri Ram Rao  , Vashista Sai Kumar G
Published: October 2023

Background: Ultrasonography (USG)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the liver is a primary diagnostic procedure for primary and metastatic hepatic lesions. It is a minimally invasive and accurate technique and renders timely diagnosis for further management.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the cytomorphological features of primary and metastatic hepatic lesions.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. 50 cases of clinically suspicious cases for hepatic malignancy were radiologically confirmed by USG and were subjected to FNAC under USG guidance with simultaneous cell block preparation in 35 cases. Relevant biochemical and serological data were retrieved from laboratory investigation archives.
Results: The study was conducted on 50 cases of hepatic lesion. Majority of cases were male patients. All liver lesions were diagnosed on USG scan. Out of 50 cases diagnosed cytomorphologically, 8 cases (16%) were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. Among metastatic lesions, more prevalent lesions were adenocarcinoma 20 (40%). The rest of metastatic deposits included poorly differentiated carcinoma 12 (24%), mucinous carcinoma 4 (8%), malignant lymphoma 3 (6%), neuroendocrine tumor 2 (4%), and malignant melanoma 1 (2%). Primary site for metastatic lesions was diagnosed in 22 cases (52.4%) and unknown in 20 cases (47.6%).
Conclusion: FNAC is a quick, feasible, and reliable procedure which enables the interpretation of cytological features of malignant hepatic masses.
Tuberculous lymph node in neck chain: A study of common entity at a tertiary care level in south Gujarat, Surat
Authors: Sapana S Jain  , Bhoomika D Patel  , Grinish P Tamakuwala  , Parul K Vadgama  , Chintan R Patel  , Srishty M Agarwal  , Rahul N Patel
Published: October 2023

Background: The microbiological diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is quite difficult because of paucibacillary load and required radiological, cytohistopathological tests for confirmation along with clinical suspicion in case of cervical TB lymph node, body fluid examination such as pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, ascitic fluid in cases of TB pleurisy, TB meningitis, and abdominal Koch’s and was quiet challenging before inclusion of CBNAAT.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study epidemiological, clinical profile and pathological diagnosis and management of TB cervical lymph node patients coming to a tertiary care center where, 60 patients were enrolled during a 2.5-month period and were followed up for 8 months. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done by in EP Info (version 7.0). Descriptive statistics was applied in the form of percentage, proportion, and measures of central tendency. Test of significance was applied.
Materials and Methods: To study epidemiological, clinical profile and pathological diagnosis and management of TB cervical lymph node patients coming to a tertiary care center where, 60 patients were enrolled during a 2.5-month period and were followed up for 8 months. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel, and analysis was done by in EP Info (version 7.0). Descriptive statistics was applied in the form of percentage, proportion, and measures of central tendency. Test of significance was applied.
Results: In this study, 23 cases (38.3%) were male and 37 cases (61.7%) were females, with a female preponderance. The mean age was 27.33 years, with a SD of 93. In this study, maximum number of cases, i.e., 44 cases (73.3%) were seen in the age group of 19–28 years. Neck swelling was the chief presenting complaint among them followed by fever, 36 patients (60%), weight loss 31 (51.7%), anorexia in 28 (46.7%), and cough in 7 patients (11.7%). 75% patients improved after taking antitubercular therapy for 6 months and 5% patients not responded to the treatment till 8 months.
Conclusion: There is high incidence of TB cervical lymphadenopathy in developing countries like India.
Predictors of symptom persistence and respiratory sequelae in respiratory symptomatics presenting to a post-COVID clinic
Authors: Athulya S Kumar  , Venugopal KP  , Sajitha M  , John Sonia
Published: October 2023

Background: COVID-19 infection causes the persistence of respiratory symptoms and functional impairment, which require prolonged follow-up care. Identification of individuals at risk for respiratory sequelae helps in optimal follow-up and early identification of complications.
Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to find the clinical profile, predictors of respiratory symptom persistence, and functional impairment in post-COVID patients.
Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study was done on patients who attended the post-COVID clinic in the pulmonary medicine outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care center in central Kerala from June 2021 to August 2021 with persisting respiratory symptoms after becoming COVID-19 negative and evaluated with a proforma regarding clinical history and symptoms. Patients were followed up at one and 3 months. Clinical, functional, and radiological factors were assessed. They were reassessed at 3 months. Spirometry was done in those with persistent symptoms at 3 months. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in those with significant desaturation on 6-min walk test (6MWT).
Results: Of 348 patients, 6 died, 4 lost follow-up, 12 patients had alternative diagnoses during the study period. About 29.4% were symptomatic at 3 months. CT severity score improved over 3 months and the proportion of patients with exercise-induced desaturation in 6MWT decreased over 3 months. All patients showed a restrictive abnormality except two. A significant association was found between the persistence of symptoms at 3 months and type 2 diabetes mellitus, severe illness during the initial phase, persistent elevation of inflammatory markers, and increased radiological involvement. Alternative diagnosis and treatment-related complication was seen in 12 patients, which included infections such as tuberculosis, nocardia and fungal infection, malignancy, CTEPH, and post-intubation tracheal stenosis.
Conclusion: A minor group of severe COVID-19 pneumonia survivors have delayed resolution of symptoms with functional impairment. Improvement in spirometry lags behind clinical and radiological improvement.
An analysis of recent trends of tuberculosis using drug sales data in a Shajapur district of Central India
Authors: Shukla Yogesh , Yadav Shobhana , Agarwal Sanjay , Nayak Anirudh
Published: October 2023

Background: There is a pressing need for systematic approaches for monitoring how much tuberculosis (TB) treatment is ongoing in the public and private sectors in India, Both to shed light on the true scale of the problem and to help monitor the progress of interventions currently being planned to address this problem.
Aims and Objectives: (1) To estimate the incidence of TB in 2021 by using drug utilization data in the public and private sectors of the Shajapur district. (2) To calculate the decline in patient months from the base year 2015 to 2021; (3) To find out the recent trends and volumes (patient months) using drug sales data in the public and private sectors.
Materials and Methods: Secondary data verification was done from December 2021 to March 2022 in Shajapur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The district-level data on drug consumption in the public was obtained from the drug store records of the district TB Center and drug sales in the private sector were obtained from the DTO, which was prepared by the drug inspector in compliance with the letter of the Directorate of Health services, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, and CMHO Shajapur for the review of drug sale data in the private sector for subnational certification.
Results: The incidence of TB increased from 113.7/lakh population in 2015 to 151.5 lakh population in 2021. The patient month of the public sector is increasing from 2015 (patient months 3653.4) to 2021 (patient months 6064.84), which indirectly denotes that more patients are taking antitubercular treatment form the government sector as compared to the private sector in the current year. The private sector sale of the drugs is decreasing from 2015 (patient months:- 9507) to 2021 (patient months: 2012.61), but still 24.91% of antitubercular drugs are provided by the private sector.
Conclusion: Subnational verification of claims by Shajapur district for progress toward TB-free status in India showed that the incidence of TB is increasing from the base year to the year 2021. So it was not recommended for an award in the silver category by the verification team.
Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology reporting using international academy of cytology Yokohama system: A single institution experience
Authors: Sreevidyalatha GM  , Balaji TG  , Manjunath L  , Shashikala P Krishnamurthy
Published: October 2023

Background: Worldwide breast malignancy is the major cause for mortality among women. Screening and early detection are crucial. Grey zones of uncertainty in cytomorphological differentiation of benign from malignant lesions can be overcome by Yokohama system of classification.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To categorize Breast fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples according to the international academy of cytology (IAC) Yokohama system. (2) To assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 144 breast FNAC cases with histopathological diagnosis was done based on Yokohama System from January 2018 to December 2020. ROM in each category was calculated. The study results were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) considering histological diagnosis as the gold standard.
Results: Recategorization of 144 cases with histopathological diagnosis was done according to Yokohama system as insufficient material, benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. The respective ROM for each category was, 7.6% for Category-1 (Insufficient), 15.26% for Category-2 (Benign), 65.38% for Category-3 (Atypical), 83.33% for Category-4 (Suspicious), and 99.18% for Category-5 (Malignant). Considering malignant cases as positive, sensitivity – 86.75%, specificity – 97.32%, PPV – 99.19%, NPV – 66.06%, and accuracy of 88.96% were deduced.
Conclusion: Incorporation of IAC Yokohama system to categorize breast cytopathology using uniform terminologies provides diagnostic clarity, consistency, and accuracy in reporting, which in turn helps the clinician to predict the ROM and patient outcome.
A study to assess the self-care practices among hypertensive patients in a tertiary care center, Chennai
Authors: Sivakumar Krithiga , Megavi Ramasamy  , Mayadevi Thankayyan  , Seenivasan P
Published: October 2023

Background: Hypertension is one of the important chronic diseases. Blood pressure (BP) control depends on adherence to self-care practices. Hence, the factors associated with poor adherence can help the policymakers in formulating and directing interventions at specific groups.
Aims and Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess the self-care practices and to explore the factors associated with them.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 hypertensive patients who attended the outpatient department between July 2022 and September 2022 using a semi-structured interview schedule containing information on sociodemographic characteristics, morbidity profile, and self-care practices. Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS16. Chi-square test and Fisher’ exact test were used wherever appropriate. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the study participants, 19.3% (23) had poor adherence to self-care practices and 80.7% (96) had good adherence to self-care practices (medication adherence=80.5%, regular monitoring of BP=89.1%, alcohol abstinence=94.1%, non-smoking=93.3%, diet modification=71.4%, and physical exercise=45.4%). Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, occupation, education, family income, duration of hypertension, and place of purchase of medicine were found to be statistically significant to at least one of the recommended self-care practices.
Conclusion: Overall adherence to self-care practices was found to be good in the majority of the study participants. Among the self-care practices, adherence to medication, monitoring BP, alcohol abstinence, non-smoking, and diet modification were found satisfactory (>70%). However, engagement in physical exercise still needs improvement. Health education and other interventions to promote physical exercise, especially among high-risk groups are suggested.
Drinking Water Quality from Different Sources at Squatter Settlements of Bagmati River Corridors in Kathmandu, Nepal: An Assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI)
Authors: Adhikari Bijaya , Pradhananga Achut Ram , Shakya Bindra Devi , Karki Deepak Chhetry , Pant Dipesh Raj , Maharjan Jasana , Yadav Pramod Kumar , Shakya Pawan Raj
Published: October 2023

People living in squatter settlements are more vulnerable to health hazards due to a lack of potable drinking water. The key mission of this study was to evaluate the water quality from different sources at squatter settlements of Bagmati river corridors in Kathmandu. For this, a total of 131 water samples (24 KUKL pipelines, 29 wells, 35 tube wells, 9 stone spouts, 15 tankers, and 19 jars) were collected from different communities of the settlements from December 2021 to May 2022. The water quality of these sources was assessed using physicochemical and microbiological parameters. The water quality index (WQI) was also used to classify the suitability of different water sources. The results of all parameters were compared against the safe limits of the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005). Out of 131 water samples, 11.5%, 24.4%, 11.5%, 16.0%, 28.2%, and 16.8% exceeded the NDWQS safe limits for total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, ammonia, iron, and manganese respectively. Likewise, 11.5% and 31.3% of the total water samples were contaminated with fecal and total coliform respectively. Tube well source was found highly contaminated both in physicochemical and microbiological form whereas jar water demonstrated more suitability for drinking purposes. Estimated WQI values also revealed well and tube well sources as poor, KUKL pipeline, stone spout, tanker sources as good, and jar as an excellent class of water. Since most of the water sources in this study were polluted, the implementation of appropriate water treatment processes as well as regular monitoring of water sources are strongly recommended.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(3): 158-170.
Education in Periodontology: Current Scenario and Way Ahead
Authors: Humagain Manoj , Gupta Sujaya
Published: October 2023

Not available
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Infection Control among Undergraduate Dental Students at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Acharya Pujan , Baral Ratna , Shrestha Sajeev , Baral Dharanidhar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In academic institutes, dental students are not only involved in academic activities, but also in the management of patient care. This calls for inculcation of adequate knowledge and positive attitude among them so that a good clinical practice is implemented in the dental setting.
Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude regarding infection control among undergraduate dental students of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal.
Methods: An online analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at BPKIHS from 2021 February to 2021 April among undergraduate students from third year, fourth year, and internship by using a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms. Census method was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.
Results: A total of 136 undergraduate dental students participated out of which 107 (78.70%) were found to have adequate knowledge while 101 (74.30%) participants showed ‘positive’ attitude. Mean age of the participants with adequate knowledge was significantly higher than participants with inadequate knowledge (P=0.047). The difference in knowledge among participants was statistically significant (P=0.001) in academic years. Adequate knowledge was shown by 47 (90.4%) interns followed by 36 (83.7%) fourth year and 24 (58.7%) third year students. The difference in attitude was also statistically significant (P=0.011) across the academic years. Positive attitude was shown by 39 (90.4%) fourth year students followed by 28 (68.3%) third year students and 34 (65.4 %) interns.
Conclusions: The present study reports adequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding infection control among undergraduate dental students in BPKIHS.
Parental Knowledge and Practices Regarding Oral Hygiene of School Children of a School in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Poudel Samikshya , Guragain Manjeev , Sthapit Tuladhar Sabita , Dahal Samarika , Shrestha Rejina , Bhochhibhoya Amar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The influence of the parents that will determine the future of their children’s oral health. Parents are responsible for better oral hygiene practice of their children. There are very few studies accessing the knowledge regarding oral hygiene among the parents of schoolchildren.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice on oral hygiene among the parents of under five children.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted for three months from 2017 June to 2017 August. A questionnaire was given to 102 parents of children below five years studying in Vidya Sadan High School. Questions related to demographic information and knowledge were asked. Knowledge score was calculated by allocating one point for each correct answer and zero point for each wrong answer. Then, calculated total knowledge scores were divided in four categories based on percentage.
Results: Among 102 parents 42 (41.18%) were fathers, 64 (62.7%) of parents were literate. The median score about knowledge and practice on oral hygiene of the parents of under five children was identified, where the father’s score was six. Likewise, the comparison of ethnicity was also done and the median score of Newar was six.
Conclusions: Most of the parents in the study had good knowledge and attitudes towards oral health of their children. However, some of them did not follow the recommendations for preventive paediatric dental care.
Tattoo Inoculated Cutaneous Tuberculosis: Case Report
Authors: Tandon Megha
Published: October 2023

Tattooing is an ancient custom that has been popular for ornamental, religious, and traditional purposes in various countries and cultures since time immemorial. The surge in cases of tattoo-associated adverse reactions is an alarming situation, especially with this increasing trend of tattooing for cosmetic purposes among the youth. Tattoo‐associated tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections have been reported uncommonly in literature. Here an occurrence of tattoo-inoculated cutaneous tuberculosis presenting as lupus vulgaris developing to red ink tattoo in a young male is reported who responded to standard antitubercular therapy.
Lichen Planus Pigmentosus with Atypical Presentation- A Case Report
Authors: Patankar Akshay , Mane Akshata A , Morgaonkar Manjaree
Published: October 2023

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a chronic pigmentary disorder that shows diffuse or reticulated hyperpigmented, dark brown macules and patches on the sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck and other flexural folds. Clinically, it is different from classical lichen planus because LPP has a longer clinical course and it manifests with dark brown macules. In case of LPP, involvement of the scalp, nail or mucosal area is rare. The histopathological findings of the lesions show an atrophic epidermis, the presence of melanophages and a vacuolar alteration of the basal cell layer with a sparse lymphohistiocytic lichenoid infiltration. Here we report a case of lichen planus pigmentosus over sun protected areas sparing sun exposed and flexural folds.
A Case Study of Khaptad Tourism
Authors: Khadka Bhim Bahadur , Bhattarai Jibaraj
Published: October 2023

Nepal is one of the most beautiful country in between two big countries China and India. It is also known as the third pole of the earth, because of having world’s highest peak Mt. Everest. Culturally it is the land of emblem of peace- Lord Buddha. Furthermore, it is the land of spectacular mesmerizing nature and unique culture among the world. However, it is sacred and mysterious land and still remains to explore thousands of issues. Among them the Ecotourism is one of the prominent issue. Thus to find out the socio economic status of ecotourism with the reference to Khaptad National park the case study on non-participatory approach in data collection have been conducted. Scenic Attraction, Pleasant Climate, Vegetation, Flora and Fauna, Buki Daha, Danfekot, Patan and Panoramic View, Nagdhunga or Lokhada, Khaptad Daha, Khapar Mando, Sahasra Linga, Upper Triveni River, and the Ashram of Khaptad swami are the basic centre of ecotourism in Khaptad Zone.
Opportunities and Challenges of Buddhist Education
Authors: Bhandari Deepika
Published: October 2023

A review on opportunities and challenges of Buddhists Education is a study to review the Buddhist education. It is difficult to review the challenges and opportunities of overall Buddhist education; however, the review has started its research. It is a qualitative library research based on available resources. Thus it has not tested any hypothesis and visited filed to collect data. In conclusion, there are many opportunities and challenges in Buddhist education in postmodern world. Thus everyone has to grab the opportunities and minimize the challenges as mention in the study.
Social Shocks of Khatwe Women in Simardahi Village of Matihani Municipality in Nepal
Authors: Pasa Rajan Binayek , Dwivedy Dip Narayan
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to analyze causes and consequences of social shocks of Khatwe (Marginalized Dalit Community of Dhanusha District) women in Nepal. The quantitative approach and case study research design through household survey techniques were applied. The self-administered questionnaires were filled up by 100 respondents in between January 15 to February 25, 2022. It is an applied descriptive statistical (frequency and Likert scale tabulation) method of data analysis. The study found that Khatwe women are suffering from multiple educational shocks such as Cultural, learning, occupational, and status conscious shocks. Due to the shocks, quality parenting role is not effective that can be noticed in school dropout rate of children and their involvement in household chores. Due to the occupational and status conscious shocks, Khatwe women are encouraging children for joining foreign employment to improve family life and livelihood. However, from learning and cultural shocks, Khatwe children are not getting motivational environment from parents or teachers and compelled to dropouts from higher/educational voyage. The empirical findings are well supported by Marxian perspective on education as well as goral oriented and social capital theories and empirical evidences. Therefore, the study can be a reference for making evidence based policy to the local government for addressing the educational shocks of Khatwe women.
Perbandingan Metode Klasifikasi pada Data dengan Imbalance Class dan Missing Value
Authors: Istiana Nofita , Mustafiril Arief
Published: October 2023

Imbalance class dan missing value merupakan beberapa permasalahan dalam metode klasifikasi. Imbalance class berdampak pada hasil prediksi dimana kelas minoritas sering disalahklasifikasikan sebagai kelas mayoritas. Missing value menyebabkan beberapa algoritma dalam metode klasifikasi tidak dapat dijalankan. Pada penelitian ini, imbalance class ditangani dengan SMOTE, sedangkan missing value ditangani dengan imputasi rataan dan binning peubah. Metode klasifikasi yang dibandingkan dalam kasus ini adalah regresi logistik, bagging, boosting, random forest, dan support vector machine yang diaplikasikan pada data dummy status kolektibilitas debitur. Metode klasifikasi tersebut akan cenderung memprediksi data kelas mayor (debitur berstatus kolektibilitas baik), sehingga prediksi kelas minor (debitur berstatus kolektibilitas buruk) cenderung sedikit. Metode yang memberikan akurasi tertinggi yaitu random forest (missing value diimputasi dengan nilai rataan), yang menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 0.801, sensitivitas sebesar 0.593, dan spesivitas sebesar 0.807. Imbalance class and missing value are some of the problems in classification method. Imbalance class causes the prediction of the minority class to be misclassified as the majority class. Missing value causes several algorithms in classification method cannot be run. In this study, imbalance class is handled by SMOTE, while missing value is handled by mean imputation and binning variable. The classification methods being compared in this study are logistic regression, bagging, boosting, random forest, and support vector machines which are applied to dummy data on debtors' collectibility status with total data 12459. The data contains 97.48 debtors with good collectibility status and 2.52 percent of debtors with bad collectibility status. The method that provides the highest accuracy is random forest (missing value imputed by mean value), which results in accuracy of 80.1 percent, sensitivity of 59.3 percent, and specificity of 80.7 percent.
Роль курсу «Педагогіка партнерства та супервізії» у фаховій підготовці майбутніх учителів початкової школи
Authors: Коханко Оксана
Published: October 2023

У статті розкрито досвід впровадження навчального курсу «Педагогіка партнерства та супервізії» в освітній процес підготовки здобувачів другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти освітньо-професійної програми «Початкова освіта» Українського державного університету імені Михайла Драгоманова.Сьогодні є актуальним не тільки питання реалізації педагогіки партнерства у освітніх закладах, а й внесення змін у освітні програми та навчальні плани підготовки майбутніх учителів і формування їх професійної компетентності до педагогічного партнерства. Саме тому в даній публікації узагальнено досвід фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів до реалізації партнерської взаємодії в умовах НУШ, проаналізовано її зміст на магістерському рівні та представлено досвід впровадження навчального курсу «Педагогіка партнерства та супервізії».Аналіз досвіду підготовки здобувачів магістерського рівня вищої освіти спеціальності 013 Початкова освіта до впровадження педагогіки партнерства в українських ЗВО показав, що в окремих вишах є навчальні курси, що безпосередньо сприяють формуванню відповідних компетентностей («Педагогіка партнерства», «Педагогічне партнерство з різними соціальними інститутами», «Психолого-педагогічні основи партнерської взаємодії в освітньому процесі»), а є навчальні курси, що опосередковано готують майбутнього вчителя до педагогічного партнерства (технології навчання освітніх галузей у початковій школі, педагогічні інновації, інклюзивна освіта).У статті охарактеризовано мету, завдання та програмні результати вивчення курсу «Педагогіка партнерства та супервізії» освітньої програми «Початкова освіта» магістерського рівня в УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова. Розкрито особливості змістового наповнення курсу, що охоплює такі важливі питання як історія розвитку педагогіки партнерства та реалізація її ідей в умовах НУШ, партнерська взаємодія вчителя з учнями та батьківською громадою, педагогічні конфлікти та їх вирішення засобами педагогіки партнерства, сутність та призначення партнерської супервізії та наставництва, нормативно-правове забезпечення наставництва і супервізії в НУШ, роль та відповідальності супервізора, наставника.Узагальнено досвід упровадження традиційних та інтерактивних методів та форм навчання студентів у рамках курсу «Педагогіка партнерства та супервізії», що сприяли формуванню їх фахової компетентності до педагогічного партнерства.
Готовність майбутнього вихователя до інноваційної педагогічної діяльності: шлях від професійного успіху до професійного досвіду
Authors: Шулигіна Раїса
Published: October 2023

У статті здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз проблеми готовності майбутнього педагога-вихователя до інноваційної діяльності з позиції багатовекторності її сприйняття у наукових колах та вивчення різноманітних підходів науковців до дослідження сутності ключових понять, їх взаємозв’язку, зокрема «готовність», «інноваційна діяльність», «готовність до інноваційної педагогічної діяльності» тощо.Розглянуто зв’язок з педагогічною діяльністю педагога-вихователя, яка спрямовується на дотримання норм і положень, що визначають державні вимоги до рівня розвиненості, освіченості та вихованості дитини дошкільного віку крізь призму державних документів, зокрема Законів України «Про освіту», «Про вищу освіту», «Про дошкільну освіту», Базового компоненту дошкільної освіти в Україні. З’ясовано, що готовність педагога-вихователя до інноваційної діяльності пов’язана з проблематикою особистісного розвитку, професійної спрямованості та самовизначення, а суперечності між внутрішніми відчуттями професійної успішності та незадоволеністю молодим фахівцем результатами власної діяльності запускають механізми особистісно-професійного самовдосконалення, що з часом призводять до успіху. Зосереджено увагу на інтегративному, цілісному характері інноваційної діяльності, взаємодоповнюючих й перспективних методологічних підходах: системно-синергетичному, особистісно-діяльнісному, культурологічному, проблемно-інтегративному, а також духовно-моральному, реалізація яких впливає на професійну компетентність майбутніх фахівців. Констатовано, що шлях від професійного успіху до професійного досвіду майбутнього педагога-вихователя має супроводжуватись психолого-педагогічною підтримкою, яка для набуття професійної зрілості може відбуватися у різний спосіб, як-то академічна мобільність, стажування, післядипломна освіта, вітчизняна і зарубіжна проектна діяльність тощо.Доведено, що здобуття професійного успіху, становлення професійної зрілості педагога-вихователя неможливе без його готовності до інноваційної діяльності, оскільки в сучасних умовах саме інноваційна діяльність є найважливішою сферою діяльності педагога, без якого неможливо досягти професійного досвіду.
Административно-правовое регулирование защиты человека от семейно- бытового насилия в Казахстане и международной практике
Authors: Суркова С.С. , Сактаганова И.С. , Zoll F.
Published: October 2023

В статье рассмотрены основные правовые полномочия компетентных органов по защите прав человека от бытового насилия в семьях Республики Казахстан и в международном праве. Изучена законодательная практика стран постсоветского пространства. В то же время в зарубежных странах существует отработанная система по урегулированию вопросов защиты человека от семейно-бытового насилия. Последствия домашнего насилия имеют ряд отрицательных последствий в дальнейшем, что пагубно сказывается на общественном развитии. Анализируя данный аспект, на наш взгляд, необходимо тщательно исследовать международный опыт в борьбе с бытовым насилием, и полученные выводы использовать в казахстанской практике. Важным аспектом остается подробное рассмотрение работы органов полиции, а также нововведения в законодательство, предусмотренные в Послании народу Казахстана от 2019 года. Кроме того, представлены данные исследований о нынешнем состоянии бытового насилия в Казахстане. В настоящей статье исследованы актуальные вопросы применения компетентными органами норм по защите прав человека в бытовом насилии, в том числе и на примере международной практики. В статье использован метод сравнительного анализа норм законодательства в области бытового насилия. В заключение статьи предложен ряд выводов, согласно поставленным за-дачам.