bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCHE1 accelerated the initiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma through enhancing PAK2 expression by sponging miR‐922
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Tong Junjie , Lin Haozhi , Ma Lei , Xu Yaoxiang
Published: January 2020

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a normal form of mouth cancer, comprising the majority of oral cancers. A large number of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported due to their oncogenic function in cancers. Recent studies show that lncRNA CCHE1 is an oncogene in a wide range of cancers. Whether CCHE1 accelerates the progression of OSCC is still undiscovered.

Methods

The qRT‐PCR analysis was used to determine CCHE1, miR‐922, and PAK2 expression levels. CCK8 and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate OSCC cell proliferative ability. Transwell assay was performed to investigate the capability of cell migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The distribution of CCHE1 in OSCC cells was confirmed via subcellular fractionation assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the connection between miR‐922 and CCHE1 or PAK2.

Results

qRT‐PCR analysis identified the upregulation of CCHE1 in OSCC cells. Knockdown of CCHE1 curbed the proliferation, migration, and invasion and hastened the apoptosis in OSCC cell lines. Moreover, it was found that miR‐922 could interact with CCHE1. Besides, PAK2 was identified as the target gene of miR‐922 and its expression was negatively modulated by miR‐922 and positively regulated by CCHE1. Restoration assay manifested that the suppressing influence of CCHE1 depletion on OSCC progression was rescued by amplified PAK2.

Conclusions

CCHE1 increases the expression of PAK2 to promote the progression of OSCC by competitively binding to miR‐922 in OSCC cells.
Patients' experiences of cognitive functioning in recurrent depression: A qualitative study
Authors: Crowe Marie , Porter Richard , Douglas Katie , Inder Maree , Lacey Cameron , Jordan Jennifer , Wells Hayley
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

Recurrent depressive episodes involve significant morbidity, suicide risk and recurrent hospitalizations.

In both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, there are significant impairments in functioning following resolution of acute symptoms.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper provides an in‐depth qualitative understanding of the subjective experience of cognitive impairment following a depressive episode in a recurrent mood disorder.

It identifies descriptions of two types of experience (being stuck and being preoccupied with one's thoughts) that led to impairments in concentration, memory, organization and decision‐making.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses need to develop an awareness of the impact of cognitive difficulties in the process of recovery from recurrent mood disorders.

Mental health nurses need to provide knowledgeable reassurance, information and interventions to people who experience cognitive difficulties to provide a framework of understanding that promotes recovery.

Introduction

People who experience recurrent depressive episodes often have ongoing cognitive problems that impact on their functional recovery. These cognitive difficulties have been identified as impacting on social, interpersonal and occupational functioning and can result in vulnerability to relapse.

Aim

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore participants' subjective experiences of cognitive impairment after discharge from mental health services following treatment for recurrent depression.

Methods

The study was designed as a qualitative study in order to best capture participants' subjective experiences. Data were collected by semi‐structured interviews and were analysed using a process of thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty participants took part in this study. All participants described experiences of either 1) “being stuck”; or 2) “being preoccupied with own thoughts”; however, all participants described the experiences in the third theme: “it stops you living to your potential.”

Implications for practice

In order to promote recovery in a meaningful way, mental health nurses need to provide information about and strategies for managing cognitive difficulties associated with recurrent mood disorders.
Factors influencing adequate and effective clinical supervision for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development: An integrative review
Authors: Howard Vickie , Eddy‐Imishue Gesi‐ere Kindah
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject

CS was developed to give healthcare professionals a space to reflect, problem solve and recognise their own practice. It is different from managerial supervision as it is for the benefit of the individual staff member's personal and professional development firstly, but can potentially benefit the quality of care delivered by the organisation.

There have been a range of problems associated with inpatient mental health nurses' engagement in CS and in experiencing the benefits of CS. This is concerning for the delivery of high quality care and the recruitment and retention of inpatient mental health nurses.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

This paper explores and identifies factors influencing adequate and effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development. It identifies 6 themes incorporating enablers and barriers for inpatient mental health nurses' CS which lead to practice recommendations for improvement.

What are the implications for practice

This paper advocates a needs analysis to improve access to CS for inpatient mental health nurses. This review specifically adds further knowledge relating to inpatient mental health nurses' engagement with CS which the application of the needs analysis could influence.

Introduction

Clinical supervision (CS) has been recognized as a reflective mechanism in inpatient mental health nursing practice; however, it remains unclear what adequate and effective supervision entails for inpatient mental health nurses.

Aim

To explore factors which influence adequate and effective clinical supervision for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development.

Method

Whittemore and Knafl's model for ensuring rigour was utilized. This included stages to address problem identification, literature searching, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. Seven electronic databases were searched with hand searching/Internet searching. Fourteen retrieved articles were selected and appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The data extracted from the papers were analysed thematically.

Results

The review synthesis resulted in identifying six themes: (a) what makes CS effective; (b) reflection; (c) the facilitation of professional identity and knowledge through CS; (d) participation; (e) knowledge and understanding of CS; and (f) the facilitation of personal awareness and coping.

Discussion

This review adds further knowledge on the identification of effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses as a defined occupational healthcare group.

Implications for practice

A suggested needs analysis is presented to improve access to CS options with the aim of promoting effective CS and increased engagement.
Isolipidic replacement of krabok oil by whole krabok seed reduces in vitro methanogenesis, but negatively affects fermentation
Authors: Panyakaew Paiwan , Schonewille J. Thomas , Cone John W. , Pellikaan Wilbert F. , Fievez Veerle , Yuangklang Chalermpon , Hendriks Wouter H.
Published: January 2020

The background of the current in vitro study involves the issue of methane (CH4) production inherent to rumen fermentation. One of the dietary strategies to reduce enteric CH4 production by ruminants involves the supplementation of medium‐chain fatty acids in diets. As such, oils containing high amounts of MCFA, such as coconut, palm kernel and krabok oil, are of much interest to formulate energy efficient and environmentally friendly rations for ruminants. Krabok oil (KO) reduces methanogenesis, but the appropriate inclusion level of dietary KO is unclear. We therefore investigated the dose–response relationship between krabok oil and CH4 production. In practice, the use of whole krabok seed (WKS), instead of KO, is easier, but the efficacy of WKS to inhibit methanogenesis was hitherto unknown. Thus, we also investigated whether WKS provides an alternative tool to inhibit CH4 production. The experimental substrates contained either KO, WKS, the residue of WKS after fat extraction residue (FER) or FER + KO. Appropriate amounts of WKS or its derivatives were added to a basal substrate so as to attain either a low, medium or high content of KO, that is, 37–46, 90–94 and 146–153 g/kg dry matter respectively. The experimental substrates were formulated to keep the amounts of incubated fat‐free OM, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre constant in order to avoid biased results through potential differences in fermentability between WKS and its derivatives, and the basal substrate. The latter resembled the ingredient composition of a total mixed ration commonly used in Thai dairy cows. Fully automated gas production (GP) equipment was used to measure gas‐ and CH4 production. Irrespective of the type of substrate (p ≥ .115), both the absolute (ml/g fat‐free OM) and relative (% of total GP) CH4 production was reduced at the highest inclusion level of WKS or its derivatives (p ≤ .019). Total GP (ml/g fat‐free OM), however, was reduced after incubation of FER, FER + KO, and WKS, but not KO, at the highest inclusion level of the respective substrates (p = .019). Volatile fatty acids were likewise affected (p ≤ .001). Krabok oil can inhibit CH4 production but only when the dietary KO content is at least 9.4% (DM). Supplementation of KO in the form of WKS, however, is considered not opportune because the fat extracted residue of WKS is poorly degraded during fermentation.
Unraveling the Dimensions of Supplier Involvement and their Effects on NPD Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Suurmond Robert , Wynstra Finn , Dul Jan
Published: January 2020

We study the relationship between supplier involvement in new product development and performance. The current literature is scattered and fragmented with studies reporting mixed empirical evidence for a variety of concepts related to “Early Supplier Involvement.” We conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the existing literature to reconcile conflicted findings, revise and refine theoretical perspectives, and provide evidence‐based scholarly and practical implications. To achieve these aims, we unravel the general relationship by considering three factors. First, we delineate different types of performance outcomes, mainly related to NPD efficiency (e.g., speed) and NPD effectiveness (e.g., product quality). Second, we distinguish between the moment and the extent of supplier involvement, related to different theoretical perspectives on external knowledge integration. Third, we disentangle multiple levels of analysis that are seemingly obscured in the literature, specifically the project and organizational levels. We find that extensive supplier involvement has positive effects on NPD efficiency and effectiveness, whereas earlier supplier involvement only to some degree affects NPD efficiency and not effectiveness. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis based on 11,420 observations from 51 studies provides strong theoretical and practical insights on the important phenomenon of supplier involvement.
Dried blood spots perform well to identify patients with active HCV infection in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tram Hong , Nguyen Binh Thanh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Pham Tram Thi Phuong , Nguyen Trang Thi Thu , Mai Hong Thi Bich , Pham Hien Ba , Nguyen Thai Minh , Phan Huong Thi Thu , Do Nhan Thi , Ait‐Ahmed Mohand , Taieb Fabien , Madec Yoann
Published: January 2020

Recently, treatment advances in direct‐acting antivirals have radically changed the management of HCV patients. However, in resource‐limited countries, identification of patients with active HCV infection is still challenging in remote settings due to the limited access to laboratories able to measure HCV viral load. This study evaluated whether dried blood spots (DBS) transferred to a central laboratory could overcome this challenge. A total of 315 HCV‐infected patients, naïve to anti‐HCV treatment, provided each three type of samples: plasma, DBS with calibrated quantities of venous blood and DBS with uncalibrated quantities of capillary blood. Qualitative comparison was conducted in terms of detection of HCV viral load on DBS as opposed to plasma to estimate sensitivity and specificity. Quantitative comparisons were conducted by means of correlation estimation. Of the 250 patients with detected plasma HCV viral load, 245 also had detectable DBS HCV viral load (capillary or venous) leading to a sensitivity of 98.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.4%‐99.3%); importantly, all measurements with a plasma HCV viral load >118 IU/mL were also detected in DBS. When HCV was not detected in plasma, it was also not detected in DBS resulting in 100% specificity (95% CI: 94.5%‐100%). Quantitative HCV viral load results were very similar when utilizing plasma or DBS sample types as illustrated by correlations >0.99. In conclusion, DBS sample types, with either uncalibrated capillary blood or calibrated venous blood, performed well to distinguish patients with active HCV infection, and who therefore need treatment, from other patients.
Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and severe renal impairment
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Lin Woan‐Tyy , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng
Published: January 2020

Data are limited regarding the real‐world effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and severe renal impairment (RI). We aimed to evaluate the performance of GLE/PIB in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 or 5 in Taiwan. 108 chronic HCV patients with CKD stage 4 (n = 32) or 5 (n = 76) receiving GLE/PIB for 8‐12 weeks were retrospectively recruited at 4 academic centres in Taiwan. The effectiveness was determined by sustained virologic response at off‐therapy week 12 (SVR12) for evaluable (EP) and per‐protocol populations (PP). The safety profiles were also assessed. By EP and PP analyses, the SVR12 rate was 99.1% (107 of 108 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 94.9%‐99.8%) and 100% (107 of 107 patients; 95% CI: 96.5%‐100%). The SVR12 rates were 100% (95% CI: 89.3%‐100%) and 98.7% (95% CI: 92.9%‐99.8%) in patients with CKD stage 4 and 5, respectively. One patient, who declined off‐therapy follow‐up after permanently discontinuing GLE/PIB at on‐treatment week 9 due to scheduled cardiac surgery, had nonvirologic failure. Sixteen (14.8%) patients had serious adverse events (AEs), which were judged not related to GLE/PIB. The three most common AEs were pruritus (19.4%), fatigue (15.7%) and nausea (13.9%). None had ≥3‐fold upper limit of normal for total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels. None of the 9 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection developed HBV‐associated hepatitis. In conclusion, GLE/PIB for 8‐12 weeks is effective and well‐tolerated in HCV patients with severe RI.
Extreme site fidelity of the olm (Proteus anguinus) revealed by a long‐term capture–mark–recapture study
Authors: Balázs G. , Lewarne B. , Herczeg G.
Published: January 2020

The biology of cave‐dwelling species is a fascinating area, yet it is understudied due to logistic constraints, especially in regard to aquatic organisms. The olm (Proteus anguinus) is the largest known troglobiont vertebrate, showing extreme life‐history characteristics such as a possible lifespan of over 100 years and a reproductive cycle of over 12 years. However, most studies carried out on the species to date are based on laboratory studies, resulting in a severe lack of ecological data from natural populations studied in their original habitat. We applied a capture–mark–recapture approach on an Eastern Herzegovinian population for eight years to reveal its spatial strategy and general movement patterns. We found thatP. anguinusis sedentary, can often be found within a few square metres over several years, and their moving distance is uncorrelated with the time elapsed between recaptures. Previous laboratory studies constrained to confined space and artificial environments have already suggested site fidelity and our results from a natural population confirm this. The low reproductive activity of the species together with the reported extreme site fidelity makes this top predator of aquatic cave communities highly vulnerable and a sensitive bio‐indicator of habitat‐changing human activities.
Do Explicit Instruction and High Variability Phonetic Training Improve Nonnative Speakers’ Mandarin Tone Productions?
Authors: WIENER SETH , CHAN MARJORIE K. M. , ITO KIWAKO
Published: January 2020

This study examines the putative benefits of explicit phonetic instruction, high variability phonetic training, and their effects on adult nonnative speakers’ Mandarin tone productions. Monolingual first language (L1) English speakers (n= 80), intermediate second language (L2) Mandarin learners (n= 40), and L1 Mandarin speakers (n= 40) took part in a multiday Mandarin‐like artificial language learning task. Participants were asked to repeat a syllable–tone combination immediately after hearing it. Half of all participants were exposed to speech from 1 talker (low variability) while the other half heard speech from 4 talkers (high variability). Half of the L1 English participants were given daily explicit instruction on Mandarin tone contours, while the other half were not. Tone accuracy was measured by L1 Mandarin raters (n= 104) who classified productions according to their perceived tonal category. Explicit instruction of tone contours facilitated L1 English participants’ production of rising and falling tone contours. High variability input alone had no main effect on participants’ productions but interacted with explicit instruction to improve participants’ productions of high‐level tone contours. These results motivate an L2 tone production training approach that consists of explicit tone instruction followed by gradual exposure to more variable speech.
Syntactic Complexity in Adapted Teaching Materials: Differences Among Grade Levels and Implications for Benchmarking
Authors: JIN TAN , LU XIAOFEI , NI JING
Published: January 2020

An extensive body of research has investigated the role of syntactic complexity in gauging the linguistic complexity of reading texts, particularly for the purpose of determining their grade appropriateness. However, little such research has focused on adapted teaching materials for English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts, and to date there has been no systematic effort in establishing syntactic complexity benchmarks to guide text adaptation practices in such contexts. This paper reports on a large‐scale study that assessed the quantitative differences in syntactic complexity among adapted teaching materials for different grade levels in the EFL curricula in China. Our data consisted of 3,368 adapted English texts solicited from a corpus of teaching materials approved for use in the 12 primary and secondary grade levels in China by the Chinese Ministry of Education. All texts were analyzed using 8 syntactic complexity measures representing different dimensions of syntactic complexity. All 8 measures showed significant between‐level differences with moderate to large effect sizes and nonuniform patterns of progression, and 5 measures were identified as significant predictors of grade levels in a logistic regression analysis. The implications of our results for establishing syntactic complexity benchmarks to inform future text adaptation practices are discussed.
Language Learning Motivation as a Complex Dynamic System: A Global Perspective of Truth, Control, and Value
Authors: PAPI MOSTAFA , HIVER PHIL
Published: January 2020

Research on language learning motivation has typically focused on the strength of different motives in isolation and often out of context. The present study aims to explore the applicability of one global framework of motivation to integrate different perspectives. We investigated how adaptive interactions between learners’ motivations for value, truth, and control effectiveness, and contextual factors led to varying motivational trajectories and patterns of emergent stability at different stages of the language‐learning experiences of 6 Iranian graduate students learning English in the United States. Using a retrospective‐longitudinal design, quasi‐narrative accounts of key phases of the learners’ language‐learning histories were documented through interviews. These data were analyzed following an analytic inductive approach to identify the main events within different contexts, themes associated with each setting, and other bottom‐up conceptual categories. Using a process‐tracing procedure our results showed that dynamic processes and adaptive or competitive interactions between value‐, control‐, and truth‐related motivations and the context in which they emerged resulted in specific motivational trajectories that shaped these learners’ language‐learning choices and experiences. We discuss the contribution of these novel frameworks for understanding the complex motivational development of language learners.
Climatic limits of temperate rainforest tree species are explained by xylem embolism resistance among angiosperms but not among conifers
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. , Delzon Sylvain , Clearwater Michael J. , Bellingham Peter J. , McGlone Matthew S. , Richardson Sarah J.
Published: January 2020

Hydraulic failure explains much of the increased rates of drought‐induced tree mortality around the world, underlining the importance of understanding how species distributions are shaped by their vulnerability to embolism. Here we determined which physiological traits explain species climatic limits among temperate rainforest trees in a region where chronic water limitation is uncommon.

We quantified the variation in stem embolism vulnerability and leaf turgor loss point among 55 temperate rainforest tree species in New Zealand and tested which traits were most strongly related to species climatic limits.

Leaf turgor loss point and stem P50 (tension at which hydraulic conductance is at 50% of maximum) were uncorrelated. Stem P50 and hydraulic safety margin were the most strongly related physiological traits to climatic limits among angiosperms, but not among conifers. Morphological traits such as wood density and leaf dry matter content did not explain species climatic limits.

Stem embolism resistance and leaf turgor loss point appear to have evolved independently. Embolism resistance is the most useful predictor of the climatic limits of angiosperm trees. High embolism resistance in the curiously overbuilt New Zealand conifers suggests that their xylem properties may be more closely related to growing slowly under nutrient limitation and to resistance to microbial decomposition.
The hemisphere of fear: the presence of sharks influences the three dimensional behaviour of large mesopredators in a coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Lester Emily K. , Langlois Tim J. , Simpson Stephen D. , McCormick Mark I. , Meekan Mark G.
Published: January 2020

Predators can exert strong ecological effects on their prey either via consumption or by altering their behaviour and morphology. In marine systems, predators and their prey co‐occur in a three‐dimensional environment, but to date predator–prey studies have largely focussed on behaviours of prey on horizontal (distance from shelter) rather than vertical (height in water column) axes. We used life‐size shape‐models of a blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus (threatening shape‐model), a juvenile coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (non‐threatening shape‐model) and a shape‐control to examine the impact of perceived instantaneous (measured by time to first feeding) versus sustained (measured by time to consume the entire bait) predation threats on the feeding behaviour and three‐dimensional use of space by mesopredatory reef fishes in a coral reef environment. We found that mesopredatory fishes such as red snapper Lutjanus bohar and spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus took longer to begin feeding and to consume predation assays (fish baits) at greater distances from the shelter of a patch reef across both horizontal and vertical axes and that this phenomenon was stronger in the vertical axis than the horizontal. The presence of a life‐size shape‐model of a shark, which we used to increase the perception of predator threat, magnified the instantaneous effect compared to non‐threatening models, but not the sustained effect. We found no evidence for a difference in the level of predation risk posed by the shape‐model of the juvenile coral trout (a non‐threatening reef fish) and a negative control (no shape‐model). Our study suggests that mesopredators modify their behaviours in response to the perceived risk of predation across both horizontal and vertical axes away from shelter, and that this response is most severe on the vertical axis, potentially limiting daytime foraging behaviour to a hemisphere around shelter sites.
Herbivore phenology can predict response to changes in plant quality by livestock grazing
Authors: Zhu Yu , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Wang Deli , Wang Ling , Zhong Zhiwei , Ma Quanhui , Li Heng , Li Xincheng , Pan Duofeng , Bakker Elisabeth S.
Published: January 2020

Livestock grazing can have a strong impact on herbivore abundance, distribution and community. However, not all species of herbivores respond the same way to livestock grazing, and we still have a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving these differential responses. Here, we investigate the effect of light intensity cattle grazing on the abundance of two grasshoppers (Euchorthippus cheuiandE. unicolor) that co‐occur in the same grasslands and feed on the same food plant (the dominant grassLeymus chinensis). The two grasshopper species differ in phenology so that their peak abundances are separated into early‐ and late‐growing seasons. We used an exclosure experiment to monitor grasshopper abundance and food quality in the field under grazed and ungrazed conditions, and performed feeding trials to examine grasshopper preference for grazed or ungrazed food plants in the laboratory. We found that the nitrogen content ofL. chinensisleaves continuously declined in the ungrazed areas, but was significantly enhanced by cattle grazing over the growing season. Cattle grazing facilitated the early‐season grasshopperE. cheui, whereas it suppressed the late‐season grasshopperE. unicolor. Moreover, feeding trials showed thatE. cheuipreferredL. chinensisfrom grazed plots, whileE. unicolorpreferred the leaves from ungrazed plots. We conclude that livestock grazing has opposite effects on the two grasshopper species, and that these effects may be driven by grazing‐induced changes in plant nutrient content and the unique nutritional niches of the grasshoppers. These results suggest that insects that belong to the same guild can have opposite nutrient requirements, related to their distinct phenologies, and that this can ultimately affect their response to cattle grazing. Our results show that phenology may link insect physiological needs to local resource availabilities, and should be given more attention in future work on interactions between large herbivores and insects.
Temporomandibular disorders: a review of current concepts in aetiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Kapos F.P. , Exposto F.G. , Oyarzo J.F. , Durham J.
Published: January 2020

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term for a group of musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and/or dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and associated structures. It is the most common type of non‐odontogenic orofacial pain and patients can present with pain affecting the face/head, TMJ and/or teeth, limitations in jaw movement and sounds in the TMJ during jaw movements. Comorbid painful and non‐painful conditions are also common among individuals with TMD. The diagnosis of TMD have significantly improved over time with the recent Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) being reliable and valid for most common diagnoses, and an efficient way to communicate in multidisciplinary settings. This classification covers 12 most common TMD, including painful (myalgia, arthralgia and headache attributed to TMD) as well as the non‐painful (disc displacements, degenerative joint disease and subluxation) TMD diagnoses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of common painful TMD is biopsychosocial and multifactorial, where no one factor is responsible for its development. Importantly, research has suggested different predisposing, initiating and perpetuating factors, including both peripheral and central mechanisms. This is an active field of investigation and future studies will not only seek to clarify specific causal pathways but translate this knowledge into mechanism‐directed diagnosis and treatment. In accordance with this complex aetiology, current evidence supports primarily conservative multidisciplinary treatment including self‐management strategies, behavioural therapy, physical therapy and pharmacotherapy. The aim of this review is to present an overview of most recent developments in aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of TMD.
Pathological tissue in follicles of surgically exposed un‐erupted teeth: which is the fate?
Authors: Pippi R. , Fino F. , Bosco D.
Published: January 2020

Objective

A retrospective analysis of a case series of permanent teeth with impaired eruption, in which follicular histological changes were found, was performed.

Materials and methods

All cases in which any pathological changes, with the exception of cyst, were found at microscopic examination of follicles of teeth delayed in eruption, surgically treated in the range of time from January 2009 to December 2016, were collected.

Results

Eleven pathologic follicles from six patients, whose average age was 14.5 ± 4.1, were found. Involved teeth were nine second and two third molars. The most frequently diagnosed pathologic alteration was an odontogenic fibroma. No clinical and radiographic alterations were found in all treated areas at follow‐up, both in cases where follicles were only partially removed and in those where the entire follicle was removed together with the tooth.

Conclusion

In young people, pathological tissue possibly left in situ after surgical exposure of teeth with impaired eruption seems to undergo atrophy, involution or otherwise metaplasia/transformation into normal epithelium during tooth eruption.
A polysaccharide deacetylase from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important pathogenicity gene that suppresses plant immunity
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wang Jianfeng , Zhao Jinren , Xu Jinghua , Sun Shutian , Zhang Huifei , Wu JiaJie , Tang Chunlei , Kang Zhensheng , Wang Xiaojie
Published: January 2020

The cell wall of filamentous fungi, comprised of chitin, polysaccharide and glycoproteins, maintains the integrity of hyphae and protect them from defence responses by potential host plants. Here, we report that one polysaccharide deacetylase of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), Pst_13661, suppresses Bax‐induced cell death in plants and Pst_13661 is highly induced during early stages of the interaction between wheat and Pst. Importantly, the transgenic wheat expressing the RNA interference (RNAi) construct of Pst_13661 exhibits high resistance to major Pst epidemic races CYR31, CYR32 and CYR33 by inhibiting growth and development of Pst, indicating that Pst_13661 is an available pathogenicity factor and is a potential target for generating broad‐spectrum resistance breeding material of wheat. It forms a homo‐polymer and has high affinity for chitin and germ tubes of Pst compared with the control. Besides, Pst_13661 suppresses chitin‐induced plant defence in plants. Hence, we infer that Pst_13661 may modify the fungal cell wall to prevent recognition by apoplastic surveillance systems in plants. This study opens new approaches for developing durable disease‐resistant germplasm by disturbing the growth and development of fungi and develops novel strategies to control crop diseases.
Natural variation and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutation in GmPRR37 affect photoperiodic flowering and contribute to regional adaptation of soybean
Authors: Wang Liwei , Sun Shi , Wu Tingting , Liu Luping , Sun Xuegang , Cai Yupeng , Li Jicun , Jia Hongchang , Yuan Shan , Chen Li , Jiang Bingjun , Wu Cunxiang , Hou Wensheng , Han Tianfu
Published: January 2020

Flowering time is a critical determinant of the geographic distribution and regional adaptability of soybean (Glycine max) and is strongly regulated by photoperiod and temperature. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and subsequent candidate gene analysis revealed that GmPRR37, encoding a pseudo‐response regulator protein, is responsible for the major QTL qFT12‐2, which was identified from a population of 308 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a very late‐flowering soybean cultivar, ‘Zigongdongdou (ZGDD)’, and an extremely early‐flowering cultivar, ‘Heihe27 (HH27)’, in multiple environments. Comparative analysis of parental sequencing data confirmed that HH27 contains a non‐sense mutation that causes the loss of the CCT domain in the GmPRR37 protein. CRISPR/Cas9‐induced Gmprr37‐ZGDD mutants in soybean exhibited early flowering under natural long‐day (NLD) conditions. Overexpression of GmPRR37 significantly delayed the flowering of transgenic soybean plants compared with wild‐type under long photoperiod conditions. In addition, both the knockout and overexpression of GmPRR37 in soybean showed no significant phenotypic alterations in flowering time under short‐day (SD) conditions. Furthermore, GmPRR37 down‐regulated the expression of the flowering‐promoting FT homologues GmFT2a and GmFT5a, and up‐regulated flowering‐inhibiting FT homologue GmFT1a expression under long‐day (LD) conditions. We analysed haplotypes of GmPRR37 among 180 cultivars collected across China and found natural Gmprr37 mutants flower earlier and enable soybean to be cultivated at higher latitudes. This study demonstrates that GmPRR37 controls soybean photoperiodic flowering and provides opportunities to breed optimized cultivars with adaptation to specific regions and farming systems.
Soybean adaption to high‐latitude regions is associated with natural variations of GmFT2b, an ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T
Authors: Chen Li , Cai Yupeng , Qu Mengnan , Wang Liwei , Sun Hongbo , Jiang Bingjun , Wu Tingting , Liu Luping , Sun Shi , Wu Cunxiang , Yao Weiwei , Yuan Shan , Han Tianfu , Hou Wensheng
Published: January 2020

Day length has an important influence on flowering and growth habit in many plant species. In crops such as soybean, photoperiod sensitivity determines the geographical range over which a given cultivar can grow and flower. The soybean genome contains ~10 genes homologous to FT, a central regulator of flowering from Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the precise roles of these soybean FTs are not clearly. Here we show that one such gene, GmFT2b, promotes flowering under long‐days (LDs). Overexpression of GmFT2b upregulates expression of flowering‐related genes which are important in regulating flowering time. We propose a ‘weight’ model for soybean flowering under short‐day (SD) and LD conditions. Furthermore, we examine GmFT2b sequences in 195 soybean cultivars, as well as flowering phenotypes, geographical distributions and maturity groups. We found that Hap3, a major GmFT2b haplotype, is associated with significantly earlier flowering at higher latitudes. We anticipate our assay to provide important resources for the genetic improvement of soybean, including new germplasm for soybean breeding, and also increase our understanding of functional diversity in the soybean FT gene family.
Peter Winch in India 1986 Lecture on Simone Weil
Authors: Winch Peter
Published: January 2020

This is a talk given by Peter Winch in 1986 when he would have been nearing completion of his Simone Weil:“The just Balance” (1989). The talk was given to a small group in Mahabaleshwar in the Indian state of Maharashtra, and the transcription by Michael Campbell is from a recording made by Prabodh Parikh who, with Probal Dasgupta and Michael McGhee, initiated the Convivium series of meetings between Indian and Western philosophers.
A Framework for Analyzing the U.S. Coin Supply Chain
Authors: Huang Yiwei , Zhu Yunxia , Kumar Subodha , Shetty Bala , Sriskandarajah Chelliah
Published: January 2020

We study a coin supply chain problem in the context of improving efficiency. While most consumer products are distributed in one direction, coins are recirculated and reused through the economy. The Federal Reserve System (FRS), the central banking system of the United States, plays a crucial role in managing the U.S. coin supply chain (CSC). It spends a significant fraction of its annual budget on operating the U.S. CSC in order to provide banking services to depository institutions (DIs) and the public. The objective of this study is to provide a near‐optimal or an optimal operating policy that minimizes the total cost of producing, supplying, and managing coin inventory in the U.S. CSC. The study demonstrates a modeling approach that not only can be applied for effectively and efficiently managing the coin supply in the United States, but also for managing similar coin supply chains around the world. The extensive tools and insights developed in this study may prove to be beneficial to the Federal Reserve’s Cash Product Office (CPO) that manages the distribution of the nation’s coin inventory. Managing demand uncertainty and streamlining its processes to be more adaptable to changes in demand are critical for the CPO to reduce supply chain costs. The robust optimization framework and the resulting insights presented in this study could potentially help the CPO to manage shifts in coin demand and achieve its cost reduction goals.
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in penaeid shrimp
Authors: Kumar Ramya , Ng Tze Hann , Wang Han‐Ching
Published: January 2020

Asian countries are the major producers of cultured Penaeid shrimps such as Penaeus monodon and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. In recent years, shrimp production has declined due to the emergence of a bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This disease is mainly caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, but other Vibrio species are also known to cause AHPND in shrimps. Here, in addition to reviewing recent developments in the field of AHPND diagnosis, host responses to AHPND, the role of microbiota during AHPND infection and the current treatment options for AHPND, we also describe a model of AHPND pathogenesis.
Toward a social psychophysiology of vagally mediated heart rate variability: Concepts and methods in self‐regulation, emotion, and interpersonal processes
Authors: Smith Timothy W. , Deits‐Lebehn Carlene , Williams Paula G. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Uchino Bert N.
Published: January 2020

Theory and research on self‐regulation, emotional adjustment, and interpersonal processes focus increasingly on parasympathetic functioning, using measures of vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This review describes models of vmHRV in these areas, and issues in measurement and analysis. We propose a framework organizing theory and research as examining (a) vmHRV as an individual difference or a situational response, and (b) resting, reactive, or recovery levels. Evidence supports interpretation of individual differences in resting vmHRV as a broad biomarker for adaptive functioning, but its specificity and underlying mechanisms require elaboration. Individual differences in vagal reactivity (i.e., trait‐like differences in vmHRV decreases during challenge or stress) are less commonly studied in adults and results are mixed. Many stressors and challenges evoke temporary decreases in vmHRV, and in some research self‐regulatory effort evokes increases. In a smaller literature, positive interpersonal experiences and some restorative processes increase resting vmHRV, whereas depletion of self‐regulatory capacity through related effort decreases it. Greater attention to conceptual distinctions regarding vmHRV constructs and several methodological issues will strengthen future research. Importantly, researchers should exercise caution in equating vmHRV with specific psychosocial constructs, especially in the absence of converging assessments and precise experimental manipulations.
Promoting mathematical proof from collective argumentation in primary school
Authors: Cervantes-Barraza Jonathan Alberto , Hernandez Moreno Antonia , Rumsey Chepina
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to promote the construction of mathematical proof from argumentation at the primary level. To show this is a viable instructional strategy at the primary level, we use a teaching experiment methodology and a task related to geometric proof in this research study. To model and analyze the collective argumentation that took place in the classroom, we reconstructed the discussion using the extended Toulmin model. Collective argumentation at the primary level is a valuable opportunity for primary students and their teachers to generate mathematical proof through collaboration.
Textbook representations of radian angle measure: The need to build on the quantitative view of angle
Authors: Alyami Hanan
Published: January 2020

Empirical studies of angle, angle measure, and radian angle measure have primarily focused on documenting students' and teachers' conceptions. Representations of angle measure have the potential to inform and build on these conceptions. To gain insight into the concept of radian angle measure from a curricular perspective, I investigated the representations of radian angle measure in eight widely used U.S. high school mathematics textbooks. The data for this study are the 20 figures and the 8 definitions of radian angle measure in the textbooks. Inductive content analysis was used to identify the frequency of observable characteristics in the representations. Textbook figures of radian angle measure most frequently focus on a one‐radian angle. Textbook figures also demonstrated radian angle measures in terms of π, in standard position, even when the Cartesian‐coordinate plane was not in the figure. The frequently used characteristics of radian representations could inadvertently reinforce a qualitative concept of angle, instead of fostering the quantitative attributes of radian angle measure. Moving forward, analyzing conceptions that are evoked by the frequently used representations of radian angle measure could build a link between evidence from this study and studies of learning.
Teachers’ responses to student mathematical thinking in Chinese elementary mathematics classrooms
Authors: Sun Li
Published: January 2020

Recent research on teachers’ use of student mathematical thinking (SMT) and recommendations for effective mathematics instruction claim that how teachers respond to SMT has great impact on student mathematical learning in the classroom. This study examined some Chinese mathematics teachers’ responses to student in‐the‐moment mathematical thinking that emerged during whole class discussion. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of Chinese elementary mathematics teachers in the data involved the whole group of students to make sense of in‐the‐moment SMT. They either invited students to digest SMT involved in the instance or provided an extension of the instance to further develop student mathematical understanding.
Exploring the state of science stereotypes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the Draw‐A‐Scientist Checklist
Authors: Ferguson Sarah L. , Lezotte Stephanie M.
Published: January 2020

This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined recent articles that have used the 1995 Draw‐A‐Scientist Checklist (DAST‐C). This study was focused on the current state of students' stereotypes of scientists and the appropriateness of the DAST‐C as a tool to assess these perceptions. Articles included in the review were published between 2003 and 2018, resulting in n = 30 studies. Mean results across studies are presented to describe current stereotypes of scientists, and the current format of the DAST‐C is evaluated. Findings suggest that students' perceptions of scientists have largely remained consistent across time: scientists are still perceived as Caucasian, middle‐aged or elderly males who wear lab coats and work indoors. However, while the DAST‐C is a generally appropriate measure to assess students' perceptions of scientists, recommended revisions to the DAST‐C could assist in capturing more modern scientist stereotypes and culturally bound perceptions of scientists.
On the Syntax and Semantics of the Transitivity of Prepositional Verbs in Arabic
Authors: Al‐Raba'a Basem Ibrahim Malawi
Published: January 2020

Arabic Prepositional verbs, verbs obligatorily forming a combination with a certain preposition they select, differ from single (one‐word) transitive verbs or intransitive verbs in that they display distinctive syntactic behaviors concerning theta and Case assignment. This article will offer a syntactic account of the transitivity feature of prepositional verbs by examining their structural configuration and thematic representation. I will show that prepositional verbs are two‐place predicates, that the prepositions in such constructions are semantically vacuous but serve a Case‐checking function, and that such prepositions are defective due to their being obligatorily selected by the verb, which results in the formation of a head‐licensing chain that renders them transparent to theta and Case assignment. While I will argue that theta licensing allows the verb to directly theta‐mark the object of the preposition, Case licensing of objects of prepositions differs in that the preposition obligatorily assigns genitive Case only to the specifier of its complement, optionally permitting the verb to assign accusative Case to the rest of the elements in the complement. Such theta and Case licensing is possible only in configurations wherein a prepositional phrase occurs as a complement of the verb.
Identification of the novel allele, HLA‐DPB1*906:01, in a Caucasian individual by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Glenn Melissa L. , Sherrill Jeremy B. , Cereb Nezih , Ho Chak‐Sum
Published: January 2020

Novel allele HLA‐DPB1*906:01 is possibly a recombinant between DPB1*04:02:01:01 and DPB1*06:01:01:01.