bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosiglitazone Maleate and Metformin Hydrochloride in Fixed Combination: What Role in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Farah Raymond
Published: November 2017

Traditional first-line intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and very poor glycemic control is insulin therapy or high doses of sulfanylureas if there is no evidence of volume depletion. This review assesses the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone and metformin fixed dose combination (avandamet) as initial therapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. This combination therapy achieved significant reduction in A1c and fasting plasma glucose compared with either rosiglitazone or metformin monotherapy as demonstrated by various studies. This combination was generally well tolerated as initial therapy, with no new tolerability issue identified with the fixed-dose combination, with tolerability profile similar to metformin alone. The marked benefit of this combination is the product of the complementary actions of these two agents.
Dexlansoprazole MR in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Olsen Keith M. , Hitzeman Margaret L.
Published: November 2017

Dexlansoprazole MR, an enantiomer of lansoprazole, is a unique proton pump inhibitor with a duel release mechanism. This release mechanism produces two distinct peak concentrations that result in a prolonged mean residence time with increased duration of plasma concentrations and a greater percent time the pH is maintained above 4. The prolonged residence time allows dexlansoprazole MR to be administered throughout the day without regards to meals or the timing before a meal. In two trials of patients with erosive esophagitis, dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg and 90 mg demonstrated comparable healing rates to lansoprazole 30 mg. In patients with healed EE, dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg (75%) and 60 mg (83%) were superior to placebo (27%; p < 0.0025) in maintenance of healing. Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg and 60 mg had a greater pecentage of heartburn-free days (91%-96%) and heartburn-free nights (96%-99%) than placebo (29%-72%) over the 6-month maintenance trial. Dexlansorpazole MR appears to be well tolerated with the safety profile being similar to lansoprazole with gastrointestinal adverse events being the most common. Dexlansoprazole MR provides a new treatment option for gastroesophageal reflux disease due to the flexible dosing, the unique release mechanisms and prologned pharmacodynamic effect.
Raltegravir: Its use in the Treatment of HIV Infection
Authors: Harris Marianne
Published: November 2017

Raltegravir is the first integrase strand transfer inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Administered orally in doses of 400 mg twice daily, it is well-tolerated and has minimal drug-drug interactions with coadministered antiretrovirals and other agents. In clinical trials including treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults, raltegravir in combination with other antiretroviral agents has demonstrated a rapid and potent virologic effect and a generally benign safety profile. Like other antiretrovirals, raltegravir should ideally be given with two additional agents to which the patient's virus is susceptible based on results of resistance testing. In this context, raltegravir offers a safe and effective option as a component of combination therapy in treatment-experienced patients who are infected with HIV-1 strains showing evidence of resistance to other antiretroviral agents. Pending the availability of longer-term efficacy and safety data, raltegravir cannot currently be recommended as part of first-line therapy for treatment-naïve patients.
Root Coverage in Miller Classes I and II associated with Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft: A comparative Clinical Trial of Two Techniques
Authors: Spada Vitor J , Nassar Patricia O , Cardoso Nahana , Caldato Khadidjia MB , Pandini Jordana H , Randon Deisy M , Nassar Carlos A
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Gingival recession is characterized by apical positioning of the gingival side in relation to the cementoenamel junction. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of two surgical techniques for root coverage in patients with gingival recession of Miller class I or II.

Materials and methods

A total of 13 patients were selected, from the age group of 20 to 50 years, with bilateral gingival recession Miller class I or II, totaling 34 recessions. When the basic periodontal treatment was accomplished, every recession was included in one of both selected groups according to the surgical technique: Control group—Subepithelial connective tissue graft associated with coronally positioned flap technique and test group—Subepithelial connective tissue graft associated with the modified envelope technique. Patients were evaluated for 180 days, and the periodontal parameters were analyzed in 0, 90, and 180 days.

Results

The results showed that both surgeries were effective since they kept probe depths with periodontal health and clinical attachment gain (p < 0.05) in both groups, up from 90 days. The reduction was kept for 180 days, mainly for the control group that showed a clinical attachment gain that was still statistically significant at 180 days (p < 0.05). Regarding the root coverage, the control group showed a 90.2% of coverage while the test group showed 89.5%.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that both techniques, after 180 days, were effective for the health of periodontal tissues; however, a greater emphasis can be observed on the subepithelial connective tissue graft-associated coronally positioned flap technique because this technique demonstrated a greater significant gain in the clinical attachment level.

Clinical significance

The subepithelial connective tissue graft is used for gaining the clinical attachment level in the root coverage of patients with gingival recession Miller classes I and II.

How to cite this article

Spada VJ, Nassar PO, Cardoso N, Caldato KMB, Pandini JH, Randon DM, Nassar CA. Root Coverage in Miller Classes I and II associated with Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft: A comparative Clinical Trial of Two Techniques. World J Dent 2017;8(4):248-254.
Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires
Authors: Talic Nabeel F
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of in vivo air-powder polishing on the surface roughness and topography of aged orthodontic stainless steel arch wires.

Materials and methods

A total of 20 stainless steel arch wires were used in this study. Ten wires (experimental) were aged and exposed to air-powder polishing, and 10 wires asreceived from the manufacturer served as the controls. The experimental group of wires was aged in the patient's oral cavity for an average of 5.3 ± 2.7 months. An air-powder polishing system was used to remove external stains and plaque deposits. The powder was sodium bicarbonate. The surface topography measurements were performed using an optical profilometer. Following the profilometer analysis, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the experimental and control arch wires.

Results

The average roughness (Sa) of the experimental upper and lower surfaces exposed to air-powder polishing was significantly higher than the control arch wires (p < 0.01). The root mean square of the surface topography (Sq) and the 10-point height of the surface topography (Sz) were significantly higher on the upper and lower surfaces of the experimental arch wires compared with the controls (p < 0.05 and <0.01 respectively). The SEM photomicrographs of the experimental and control arch wires indicated that the experimental arch wires were pitted and filled with surface impurities.

Conclusion

An air-powder polishing system using sodium bicarbonate powder alters the surface topography and increases the surface roughness of aged orthodontic arch wires in vitro.

Clinical significance

The air-powder polishing system used along with scaling alters the surface roughness of orthodontic wire.

How to cite this article

Talic NF. Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires. World J Dent 2017;8(4):262-266.
Quantity Differences of Secondary Metabolites (Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids) from Binahong Plant Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) treated and untreated with Colchicines that play a Role in Wound Healing
Authors: Hanafiah Olivia A , Hanafiah Diana S , Bayu Eva S , Ilyas Syafrudin , Nainggolan Marline , Syamsudin Endang
Published: November 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to compare whether there are differences in the value content of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, and flavonoids) between the group treated with Binahong leaves (administration of colchicines) and the group treated with Binahong leaves without the application of colchicines.

Materials and methods

The design of this study is an experimental research laboratory study. This research was done in four different places in which colchicines were applied to improve the quality of Binahong, conducted in the USU Agricultural Faculty's Greenhouse, whereas no application of colchicines was done in the Desa Simpang Pergendangan Kelurahan Tiga Binanga Kabupaten Karo harvesting Binahong plant. The pharmacy faculty of USU was chosen as a place to obtain the extract and the Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (Balitro) was where the phytochemical analysis was conducted.

Results

The results showed that there were differences in the descriptive values of secondary metabolites in the Binahong leaf extract, such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, wherein the group with colchicines was higher than groups without colchicines, but there was no statistical differences between the groups treated with colchicines and those not treated with colchicines (value p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Administration of colchicines can improve the content of secondary metabolites in Binahong leaf extract and the plant morphology without affecting the content of the plant extract.

Clinical significance

Secondary metabolites in herbal plants, such as saponins, flavonoids, and tannins are able to speed up the healing process. One of the plants that have all three of these active compounds is Binahong (Anredera cordifolia). Binahong leaf extract can stimulate the process of fibroblasts and collagen formation that will accelerate the process of wound healing. Colchicine as a reagent for the mutation is able to affect the number of leaves and morphological characteristics of the Binahong plant.

How to cite this article

Hanafiah OA, Hanafiah DS, Bayu ES, Abidin T, Ilyas S, Nainggolan M, Syamsudin E. Quantity Differences of Secondary Metabolites (Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids) from Binahong Plant Extract (Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) treated and untreated with Colchicines that play a Role in Wound Healing. World J Dent 2017;8(4):296-299.
Equation between Incisor Inclination Correction and Anteroposterior Movement of Point A to determine the Actual Magnitude of Maxillomandibular Difference
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sathyashree , Mehta Pooja
Published: November 2017

Aim

To determine the actual position of point A by performing incisor inclination correction in class II division 2 and class III. Also, to determine the relation between the degree of incisor inclination correction and anteroposterior movement of point A by studying pre- and postalignment lateral cephalograms.

Materials and methods

The pre- and postalignment lateral cephalograms of 33 class II division 2 and 33 class III patients treated orthodontically were traced manually and analyzed. The linear anteroposterior measurements of point A and center of rotation in relation to the vertical reference plane and angular measurements of upper incisor to maxillary plane were calculated.

Results

In class II division 2 category, the mean change in inclination from pre- to postalignment was 15.27°, mean change in position of center of rotation was -1.29 mm, and mean change in position of point A from pre- to postalignment was -2.67 mm. In class III category, the mean change in inclination from pre- to postalignment was -5.85°, mean change in position of center of rotation from pre- to postalignment was 1.94 mm, and mean change in position of point A from pre- to postalignment was 1.77 mm.

Conclusion

The results of the study confirmed that for every 10° proclination of the upper incisor in class II division 2, point A moves 0.3 mm palatally and for every 10° retroclination of the upper incisor in class III, point A moves 0.73 mm labially.

Clinical significance

In the clinical scenario of severely retroclined/proclined incisors, point A cannot depict the actual anterior limit of maxilla. Hence, when we use SNA to determine the anteroposterior position of maxilla and ANB to determine maxillomandibular difference, invariably we get altered values. Therefore, it is necessary to find an equation between the degree of incisor inclination correction and anteroposterior movement of point A.

How to cite this article

Shivamurthy PG, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta P, Mathew S. Equation between Incisor Inclination Correction and Anteroposterior Movement of Point A to determine the Actual Magnitude of Maxillomandibular Difference. World J Dent 2017;8(4):300-303.
Patterns of Substance Use in First Year and Final Year Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jaiswal Himanshu , Jain Sonam , Jaiswal Shreyansh
Published: November 2017

Aim: The aim of this article is to compare substance use and abuse in medical students of a tertiary care hospital involved in various undergraduate and postgraduate teaching programs.

Materials and methods: Using a structured epidemiological survey questionnaire for psychoactive substance use based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria, 50 medical students in the first year and 50 medical students in the final year were compared.

Results: One-fourth of all students reported nonmedical substance use. The substances used were alcohol, tobacco smoking, caffeine, etc. Most frequent substance use was alcohol and tobacco smoking due to easy availability. Their use mostly began after entry into medical college. Also, it was for a longer duration in final year students.

Conclusion: Substance use disorders among medical students should be taken more seriously because they may influence their professional behavior. A well-planned program should be designed and implemented to train the medical students helping them develop coping skills and educating them about social, legal, and ethical impacts of substance use.
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome: Antenatal Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Thakur Hemant , Vaidya Shirish
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the antenatal ultrasound appearances of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), which typically manifests as large echogenic lungs acquiring whole of the thorax and dilatation of the trachea distal to the obstruction and causing intrinsic laryngeal/tracheal obstruction.

Case report: A 30-year-old pregnant female with 24 weeks gestation come for routine absolute neutrophil count (ANC) scan. Ultrasonography (USG) was performed, and large echogenic lungs occupying whole of the thoracic cavity compressing the heart in between and causing inversion of the bilateral domes of the diaphragm were found. There was dilatation of the tracheal distal to the lesion and polyhydramnios.

Conclusion: The described USG finding of CHAOS may be useful in deciding when to include this entity in the differential diagnosis of enlarged echogenic lungs.
Double Retroaortic Left Renal Vein
Authors: Junejo Shoaib , Singh Sandeep , Tuli Sandeep
Published: November 2017

Double left renal vein is a rare venous anomaly. Usually, it remains clinically silent until discovered accidently during an operation or imaging. We present a case of a double retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV). This variation is rare and has been very rarely reported.
Ultrasound and Elastographic Features predicting Axillary Nodal Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Phatak Suresh , Shinde Raju , Gupta Nipun , Pawar Gaurangi , Phatak Pallavi
Published: November 2017

Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in cases of carcinoma breast. In this pictorial essay, various sonographic and elastographic signs of lymph node metastasis are described with classical images.
Do We have an Aimer to put the Tibial and Femoral Tunnels in the Same Line to reduce Mechanical Strain in Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
Authors: Elmajri Khalifa
Published: November 2017

The strain between the ACL graft tissue and the osteochondral tissue at the tunnel entrances would lead to postoperative deviation of the femoral and/or tibial insertion of the ACL graft. Postoperative changes of the 3D orientation of the ACL graft affect its physiometry leading to failure of graft tension. A conception of an aimer is suggested to insure straightening of the intraosseous (tibial and femoral) and intra-articular parts of the graft at the tunnel entry point to overcome the postoperative angulation of intraosseous and intra-articular graft parts
Characterization of free amino acids, bacteria and fungi in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols in boreal forest: seasonal patterns, abundances and size distributions
Authors: Helin Aku , Sietiö Outi-Maaria , Heinonsalo Jussi , Bäck Jaana , Riekkola Marja-Liisa , Parshintsev Jevgeni
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and constitute ∼ 30 % of atmospheric aerosol particle mass in sizes  > 1 µm. PBAP components, such as bacteria, fungi and pollen, may affect the climate by acting as cloud-active particles, thus having an effect on cloud and precipitation formation processes. In this study, size-segregated aerosol samples (< 1.0, 1–2.5, 2.5–10 and  > 10 µm) were collected in boreal forest (Hyytiälä, Finland) during a 9-month period covering all seasons and analysed for free amino acids (FAAs), DNA concentration and microorganism (bacteria, Pseudomonas and fungi). Measurements were performed using tandem mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry and qPCR, respectively. Meteorological parameters and statistical analysis were used to study their atmospheric implication for results. Distinct annual patterns of PBAP components were observed, late spring and autumn being seasons of dominant occurrence. Elevated abundances of FAAs and bacteria were observed during the local pollen season, whereas fungi were observed at the highest level during autumn. Meteorological parameters such as air and soil temperature, radiation and rainfall were observed to possess a close relationship with PBAP abundances on an annual scale.
Aircraft and ground measurements of dust aerosols over the West Africa coast in summer 2015 during ICE-D and AER-D
Authors: Liu Dantong , Taylor Jonathan W. , Crosier Jonathan , Marsden Nicholas , Bower Keith N. , Lloyd Gary , Ryder Claire L. , Brooke Jennifer , Cotton Richard , Marenco Franco , Blyth Alan , Cui Zhiqiang , Estelles Victor , Gallagher Martin , Coe Hugh , Choularton Tom W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. During summertime, dust from the Sahara can be efficiently transported westwards within the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). This can lead to high aerosol loadings being observed above a relatively clean marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. These dust layers can impart significant radiative effects through strong visible and IR light absorption and scattering, and can also have indirect impacts by altering cloud properties. The processing of the dust aerosol can result in changes in both direct and indirect radiative effect, leading to significant uncertainty in climate prediction in this region. During August 2015, measurements of aerosol and cloud properties were conducted off the coast of West Africa as part of the ICE-D and AER-D campaign. Observations were obtained over a 4-week period using the FAAM Bae146 aircraft based on Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Ground based observations were collected from Praia, also located on Santiago Island. The dust in the SAL was mostly sampled in situ at altitudes of 2–4 km, and the potential dust age was estimated by backward trajectory analysis. The particle mass concentration (at diameter d = 0.1–20 µm) decreased with transport time. Mean effective diameter (Deff) for super-micron SAL dust (d = 1–20 µm) was found to be 5–6 µm regardless of dust age, whereas submicron Deff (d = 0.1–1 µm) showed a decreasing trend with longer transport. For the first time, an airborne laser-induced incandescence instrument (the single particle soot photometer, SP2) was deployed to measure the hematite content of dust. For the Sahel-influenced dust in the SAL, the observed hematite mass fraction of dust (FHm) was found to be anti-correlated with the single scattering albedo (SSA, λ = 550 nm, for particles d
Estimation of land-use change using a Bayesian data assimilation approach
Authors: Levy Peter , Van Oijen Marcel , Buys Gwen , Tomlinson Sam
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We present a method for estimating land-use change using a Bayesian data assimilation approach. The approach provides a general framework for combining multiple disparate data sources with a simple model. This allows us to constrain estimates of gross land-use change with reliable national-scale census data, whilst retaining the detailed information available from several other sources. Eight different data sources, with three different data structures, were combined in our posterior estimate of land-use and land-use change, and other data sources could easily be added in future. The tendency for observations to underestimate gross land-use change is accounted for by allowing for a skewed distribution in the likelihood function. The data structure produced has high temporal and spatial resolution, and is appropriate for dynamic process-based modelling. Uncertainty is propagated appropriately into the output, so we have a full posterior distribution of output and parameters. The data are available in the widely used netCDF file format from http://eidc.ceh.ac.uk/ (doi pending).
Model predictions of long-lived storage of organic carbon in river deposits
Authors: Torres Mark A. , Limaye Ajay B. , Ganti Vamsi , Lamb Michael P. , West A. Joshua , Fischer Woodward W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The mass of carbon stored as organic matter in terrestrial systems is sufficiently large to play an important role in the global biogeochemical cycling of CO2 and O2. Field measurements of radiocarbon-depleted particulate organic carbon (POC) in rivers suggest that terrestrial organic matter persists in surface environments over millennial (or greater) timescales, but the exact mechanisms behind these long storage times remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a numerical model for the radiocarbon content of riverine POC that accounts for both the duration of sediment storage in river deposits and the effects of POC cycling. We specifically target rivers because sediment transport influences the maximum amount of time organic matter can persist in the terrestrial realm and river catchment areas are large relative to the spatial scale of variability in biogeochemical processes.Our results show that rivers preferentially erode young deposits, which, at steady state, requires that the oldest river deposits are stored for longer than expected for a well-mixed sedimentary reservoir. This geometric relationship can be described by an exponentially tempered power-law distribution of sediment storage durations, which allows for significant aging of biospheric POC. While OC cycling partially limits the effects of sediment storage, the consistency between our model predictions and a compilation of field data highlights the important role of storage in setting the radiocarbon content of riverine POC. The results of this study imply that the controls on the terrestrial OC cycle are not limited to the factors that affect rates of primary productivity and respiration but also include the dynamics of terrestrial sedimentary systems.
Making better sense of the mosaic of environmental measurement networks: a system-of-systems approach and quantitative assessment
Authors: Thorne Peter W. , Madonna Fabio , Schulz Joerg , Oakley Tim , Ingleby Bruce , Rosoldi Marco , Tramutola Emanuele , Arola Antti , Buschmann Matthias , Mikalsen Anna C. , Davy Richard , Voces Corinne , Kreher Karin , De Maziere Martine , Pappalardo Gelsomina
Published: November 2017

Abstract. There are numerous networks and initiatives concerned with the non-satellite-observing segment of Earth observation. These are owned and operated by various entities and organisations often with different practices, norms, data policies, etc. The Horizon 2020 project GAIA–CLIM is working to improve our collective ability to use an appropriate subset of these observations to rigorously characterise satellite observations. The first fundamental question is which observations from the mosaic of non-satellite observational capabilities are appropriate for such an application. This requires an assessment of the relevant, quantifiable aspects of the measurement series which are available. While fundamentally poor or incorrect measurements can be relatively easily identified, it is metrologically impossible to be sure that a measurement series is correct. Certain assessable aspects of the measurement series can, however, build confidence in their scientific maturity and appropriateness for given applications. These are aspects such as that it is well documented, well understood, representative, updated, publicly available and maintains rich metadata. Entities such as the Global Climate Observing System have suggested a hierarchy of networks whereby different subsets of the observational capabilities are assigned to different layers based on such assessable aspects. Herein, we make a first attempt to formalise both such a system-of-systems networks concept and a means by which to, as objectively as possible, assess where in this framework different networks may reside. In this study, we concentrate on networks measuring primarily a subset of the atmospheric Essential Climate Variables of interest to GAIA–CLIM activities. We show assessment results from our application of the guidance and how we plan to use this in downstream example applications of the GAIA–CLIM project. However, the approach laid out should be more widely applicable across a broad range of application areas. If broadly adopted, the system-of-systems approach will have potential benefits in guiding users to the most appropriate set of observations for their needs and in highlighting to network owners and operators areas for potential improvement.
Using Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections to evaluate interannual rainfall variability over China in the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 6.0 and Global Coupled 2.0 configurations
Authors: Stephan Claudia Christine , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Turner Andrew G. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Guo Liang
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Six climate simulations of the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 6.0 and Global Coupled 2.0 configurations are evaluated against observations and reanalysis data for their ability to simulate the mean state and year-to-year variability of precipitation over China. To analyze the sensitivity to air-sea coupling and horizontal resolution, atmosphere-only and coupled integrations at atmospheric horizontal resolutions of N96, N216 and N512 (corresponding to ~ 200, 90, and 40 km in the zonal direction at the equator, respectively) are analyzed. The mean and interannual variance of seasonal precipitation are too high in all simulations over China, but improve with finer resolution and coupling. Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection (EOT) analysis is applied to simulated and observed precipitation to identify spatial patterns of temporally coherent interannual variability in seasonal precipitation. To connect these patterns to large-scale atmospheric and coupled air-sea processes, atmospheric and oceanic fields are regressed onto the corresponding seasonal-mean timeseries. All simulations reproduce the observed leading pattern of interannual rainfall variability in winter, spring and autumn; the leading pattern in summer is present in all but one simulation. However, only in two simulations are the four leading patterns associated with the observed physical mechanisms. Coupled simulations capture more observed patterns of variability and associate more of them with the correct physical mechanism, compared to atmosphere-only simulations at the same resolution. However, finer resolution does not improve the fidelity of these patterns or their associated mechanisms. This shows that evaluating climate models by only geographical distribution of mean precipitation and its interannual variance is insufficient. The EOT analysis adds knowledge about coherent variability and associated mechanisms.
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) migration in polar ice: data synthesis and theory
Authors: Osman Matthew , Das Sarah B. , Marchal Olivier , Evans Matthew J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA; CH3SO3H) in polar ice is a unique proxy of marine primary productivity, synoptic atmospheric transport, and regional sea-ice behavior. However, MSA can be mobile within the firn and ice matrix, a post-depositional process that is well known but poorly understood and documented, leading to uncertainties in the integrity of the MSA paleoclimatic signal. Here, we use a compilation of 22 ice core MSA records from Greenland and Antarctica and a model of soluble impurity transport in order to comprehensively investigate the vertical migration of MSA from summer layers, where MSA is originally deposited, to adjacent winter layers in polar ice. We find that the shallowest depth of MSA migration in our compilation varies over a wide range (∼ 2 to 400 m) and is positively correlated with snow accumulation rate and negatively correlated with ice concentration of Na+ (typically the most abundant marine cation). Although the considered soluble impurity transport model provides a useful mechanistic framework for studying MSA migration, it remains limited by inadequate constraints on key physico-chemical parameters – most notably, the diffusion coefficient of MSA in cold ice (DMS). We derive a simplified version of the model, which includes DMS as the sole parameter, in order to illuminate aspects of the migration process. Using this model, we show that the progressive phase alignment of MSA and Na+ concentration peaks observed along a high-resolution West Antarctic core is most consistent with 10−12 m2 s−1 < DMS < 10−11 m2 s−1, which is 1 order of magnitude greater than the DMS values previously estimated from laboratory studies. More generally, our data synthesis and model results suggest that (i) MSA migration may be fairly ubiquitous, particularly at coastal and (or) high-accumulation regions across Greenland and Antarctica; and (ii) can significantly change annual and multiyear MSA concentration averages. Thus, in most cases, caution should be exercised when interpreting polar ice core MSA records, although records that have undergone severe migration could still be useful for inferring decadal and lower-frequency climate variability.
"Crimen corruptionis". Justicia y corrupción en la cultura del "ius commune". (Corona de Castilla, siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Garriga Carlos
Published: November 2017

A partir del significado de la voz corrupción en el Antiguo Régimen, el trabajo analiza la figura del crimen corruptionis (o repetundarum o barattaria) en la cultura del ius commune, con especial referencia a la jurisprudencia castellana de los siglos XVI-XVII (baratería, cohecho).
Acusaciones de corrupción y prácticas sociales infamantes. Quince años en la vida de Agustín Mesa y Ayala (1670-1685), contador de la Real Hacienda de Quito
Authors: Ponce Leiva Pilar
Published: November 2017

El presente texto analiza el proceso seguido entre 1678 y 1685 contra Agustín Mesa y Ayala, contador de la Real Hacienda de Quito, como consecuencia de la denuncia puesta por el fraile mercedario José Hurtado. Junto a la consideración de la corrupción como un fenómeno social, se pone de manifiesto la existencia de mecanismos de control oficiales que funcionaban incluso cuando se hacía un mal uso de ellos por intereses personales. El interés que presenta el caso es que permite observar comportamientos sociales, vínculos interpersonales, cambiantes equilibrios en el poder detentado por los individuos y, sobre todo, un sistema de valores en el que la ausencia de la virtud-como norte y guía del comportamiento social-afectaba tanto a los agentes de la administración como a los particulares.
La escucha: elemento fundamental en la atención espiritual del cuidado paliativo
Authors: Rosas Jiménez Carlos Alberto , Díaz Díaz Álvaro
Published: November 2017

Los cuidados paliativos buscan ofrecer una atención holística para brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los enfermos, especialmente cuando se aproximan al fin de su existencia. Profundizar en la dimensión espiritual de la persona humana resulta atractivo puesto que ofrece respuestas al sentido de la vida. Se ha constatado que la atención espiritual aporta grandes beneficios para el paciente. Es por eso que en este trabajo hemos querido profundizar en la importancia de la dimensión espiritual en los cuidados paliativos; se destaca la actitud de la escucha como pieza clave de dicha atención espiritual, lo que evidencia que el burnout de los médicos es el principal obstáculo para potenciar la escucha como una adecuada disposición que resulte consoladora y sanadora.
Medisinsk fødselsregisters fødsel og senere vekst; noen observasjoner og refleksjoner fra hornet på veggen
Authors: Irgens Lorentz M.
Published: November 2017

Da «Medisinsk melding om fødsel» ble etablert 1. januar 1967, var dette en melderutine som representertenoe nytt ikke bare i et norsk, men også i et internasjonalt perspektiv. Bakgrunnen var thalidomid-katastrofensom hadde rystet verden noen år tidligere. Men man hadde fra begynnelsen også et ønske om å skaffe etkunnskapsbasert grunnlag for fremtidens obstetrikk, neonatalogi og habilitering. Initiativet ble tatt av Helsedirektoratet.I den opprinnelige planen skulle fødselsmeldingene bearbeides og analyseres i Statistisk sentralbyrå(SSB), men det ble tidlig klart at dette ville sprenge de rammene SSB vanligvis arbeidet innenfor. SSBhadde heller ikke den medisinske kompetansen som var en forutsetning for en fullverdig utnyttelse av deinnsamlede data. På denne tiden arbeidet dr.med. Tor Bjerkedal som medisinsk statistisk konsulent/forsker Ii SSB. Da han i 1969 tiltrådte sitt professorat ved Institutt for hygiene og sosialmedisin (IHS), Universitetet iBergen (UiB), brakte han MFRs første årganger av fødselsmeldinger med seg. I en avtale med helsedirektørKarl Evang ble Bjerkedal gitt i oppdrag å opprette og drive et register basert på meldingene. I informasjonsteknologiensbarndom representerte denne oppgaven en pionerinnsats. Meldeskjemaets data ble punchet pået 80 karakterers hullkort som ble prosessert i UiBs store sentrale regnemaskin. Arbeidet ble utført av enliten, men entusiastisk gruppe medarbeidere, i det alt vesentlige finansiert ved hjelp av lokale UiB-ressurser.I tillegg gikk Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd de første årene inn med midler, dels fordi ITaspekteneble sett på som innovative, dels fordi man forsto at de innsamlede data ville få stor forskningsmessigverdi. MFR ble raskt operativt med et system for overvåking av medfødte misdannelser og andreuønskede svangerskapsutfall. For å sikre oppfølgning av barn med behov for spesielle medisinske hjelpetiltakble det startet prøveprosjekter med elektronisk registrering av data fra helsestasjonenes 1-års og 4-årsundersøkelser samtidig som data fra vaksinasjonsprogrammet ble registrert, videreført i det nåværendeSYSVAK. Etablering av alle driftsrutinene knyttet til MFR krevet omfattende innsats. Derfor ble denforskningsmessige utnyttelsen av de innsamlede data til å begynne med relativt beskjeden. Men etter hvertvokste det frem en omfattende vitenskapelig produksjon samtidig som antall ansatte økte; de første årene var6-8 personer tilknyttet MFR mens i 2002 da MFR ble integrert som en avdeling i Folkehelseinstituttet varca. 60 personer ansatt, herunder stipendiater. Virksomheten ved MFR kom til å bli avgjørende for atregisterbasert epidemiologi ble et prioritert innsatsområde for Det medisinske fakultet ved UiB og for denvidere etablering av helseregistre ved Folkehelseinstituttet i Bergen.
“Men are made of the dust of the earth”: Time, Space, Matter, and Meaning in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian
Authors: Hanssen Ken R.
Published: November 2017

While the narrative of Cormac McCarthy's novel Blood Meridian is expansive and involved, suggesting an unearthly realm of deeply resonant symbolic meaning, the lack of a reflective consciousness at the mimetic level leaves description the only form of convincing representation, opening up on an evolutionary vista beyond human valuation. But description in the novel is not wholly disembodied, outside time and space; it receives its impetus from the movement of characters through the landscape, the world of natural and cultural phenomena. Through his engagement with the exhaustive particularity of this chronotopic continuum, McCarthy is able to go beyond both metaphysical speculation and evolutionary determinism and offer a view of the individual in his proper relation to human history and the natural world, harnessing his ostensibly senseless narrative of violence to an ongoing struggle for meaning and moral articulation.
Resolving Ambiguity of Some Egyptian Political Jokes Contemporaneous with 2011 Revolution
Authors: Ebaid Hanan
Published: November 2017

This paper focuses on resolving ambiguous jokes that were contemporaneous with 2011 revolution in Egypt. It observes that some jokes are easily understood by some and are unintelligible to others. The current study is a qualitative descriptive research that depends on collecting and analysing qualitative data. The data is classified into three groups each of which represents a group of ambiguous jokes corresponding to a degree on a proposed scale of specificity. This scale comprises linguistic and socio-pragmatic aspects that contribute to disambiguating such jokes and achieving the humorous effect. It finds that understanding a joke in general and an ambiguous one in particular depends not only on linguistic aspects. It also finds that the integration of the scale of specificity into the analysis proves crucial. The degrees on the scale help explain why a joke is understood by some and incomprehensible to others. Those degrees are relative in that what is deemed as a general degree may be regarded as a specific one to others.
THE USE OF EU FUNDS FOR TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Authors: Rolbiecki Ryszard , Książkiewicz Dorota
Published: November 2017

Significant backlog of transport infrastructure development in Poland is
to a great extent a consequence of small capital spending on transport development.
Since Poland entered the EU, European funds are an important source of support
to infrastructure investments in transport sector. Financial support from the European
Regional Development Fund and the Cohesion Fund optained by Poland
in years 2004–2006 and 2007–2013, allowed for a substantial increase in investment
expenditure on transport infrastructure and as a result, allowed for accelerating
infrastructure modernization. Also in the current budgetary perspective of 2014–
2020 there are no delays in the use of the structural funds and the Cohesion Fund.
The processes of signing funding agreements and the submission of applications
for refund are smoothly covered.
Do Professional Learning Communities reify or interrupt the language of pedagogical practice?
Authors: Philpott Carey
Published: November 2017

In Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) teachers discuss observed classroom practice with the intention of improving it. The research reported in this paper considers how these discussions either reify or interrupt (Little 2003) teachers’ language of practice. Reification will tend to constrain learning within existing ways of linguistically construing sense. Disruption might establish a new discourse for practice that will enable learning. The data is transcriptions of PLCs from two schools in Scotland.
SUPPLY CHAINS – A THEORETICAL
AND METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ciesielski Marek
Published: November 2017

This paper generally indicates the need to improve the methodological order
in the studies on supply chains. It discusses the following issues: defining, hypotheses
and detailed theorems, generalizations, existing theoretical achievements,
hypothetical models in research, usability of the theory for economic practice. This
approach towards the research process allows to view it globally, from defining
the object of research to the practical application of its results. Thus, the article
proposes several recommendations for beginning researchers. The overall result
of this study is to identify the need for greater order of methodological research
on supply chains.
PROCESS-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
ON LOGISTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Nedeliaková Eva , Panák Michal , Kudlácˇ Štefan
Published: November 2017

This article is focused on research results within logistics systems in railway
transport application. These views strive to encourage modern process-oriented
management approaches that should be applied for supporting carriers’ competitiveness
on the transport market. It emphasises the importance of their using and
permanent monitoring of quality services. Facing tough competition from other
means of transport, railway carriers should be able to provide their customers with
a full range of well-prepared transport services. Process-oriented model, solved
in the research, verified in practice, can be used in a uniform manner. It is unified
and thus applicable in different branches and types of business.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE LOGISTICS
DECISION GAMES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS –
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDIES
Authors: Tundys Blanka , Rzeczycki Andrzej
Published: November 2017

The development of information technology has contributed to changes in
the approach to the learning process. Increasingly, in the framework of teaching
is using modern methods of activating education. These can include: hardware
simulators, educational decision games, and simulation. They can be classified
into the so-called group: serious games. Numerous studies show the effectiveness
of this type of solution, not only in the teaching process, as the element is
diversified activities, but also in developing and improving social competence,
skills and knowledge of the participant. The submitted considerations present
the effectiveness of this kind of technology in the educational process of students
of Logistics the University of Szczecin. The aim is not only to acquire the skills and
taking quick decisions by using the environment and IT tools, but also to check
the effectiveness of this type of solution, in terms of changes to knowledge skills and
social competence. In addition, the teachers during the classes, carry out the surveys
(input at the semester beginning and output at the end of the semester), whose
purpose is to indicate the extent to which, during a 15-hour module are changed
competence of students.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-DRIVING TRANSPORT
VEHICLES ON THE FIELD OF LOGISTICS
Authors: Wieczorek Adam
Published: November 2017

The demands for transport are presently at quite high level. There are few
transport branches which are used now, but in fact the road transport is the one
used most. Transport actions are ought to deliver goods from point A to point B,
and thus they influence the goals of logistics referred as 5R. Providing the right
resource, in right place, on the right time, in right cost and in right quality, depend
mostly on transport services. Using of the autonomous technology in transport
allow to achieve better results in the field of logistics services. The purpose of this
article was to present the benefits of autonomous transport and its influence on
the logistics. Theoretical considerations were summarized with conclusions, which
may become during the deliberation about the usage of autonomous transport
vehicles.
Predation among microorganisms: A huge potential of interspecies dependencies
Authors: Kowalska Justyna , Włodarczyk Marcin
Published: November 2017

There are many interactions between species (including bacteria) in the environment. One of them is predation, which always leads to the death of a prey. Described in this review Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (Deltaproteobacteria) and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus (Alfaproteobacteria) are uniflagellate, rod shaped and curved obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria. Both species belong to the group of BALOs (Bdellovibrio and like organisms). B. bacteriovorus use periplasmic predatory strategy and M. aeruginosavorus are epibiotic hunters. BALOs have found application in both medicine in combating microorganisms responsible for food poisoning and outside of medicine (agriculture and food) as plant protection products and as measures used to prevent the spoiling of food. As a result of searching for effective therapies in the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant strains of bacteria, it has been shown that predators feed on pathogenic bacteria without showing immunogenicity to humans. Predatory bacteria are able to destroy the multi – and single-species biofilms. Recent studies have indicated the possibility of B. bacteriovorus to destroy the biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus. It is postulated that a double predatory strategy of B. bacteriovorus and harmless BALOs
towards mammalian cells could be used to treat infections in vivo, particularly in those cases
when standard therapy fails.
Man or Monster? On the Banality of Evil
Authors: Varghese Mathew A
Published: November 2017

Book review of Man or Monster? The Trial of a Khmer Rouge Torturer by Alexander Laban Hinton, Durham N.C.: Duke University Press, 2016.
Introducció al mètode neosocràtic i el seu ús en educació
Authors: Casacuberta Sevilla David
Published: November 2017

Presentem aquí de forma resumida l’anomenat mètode neo-socràtic, un mètode d’inspiració
filosòfica que facilita la descoberta del coneixement en un procès de diàleg on es descobreixen els principis centrals d’una disciplina aplicada treballant des d’un exemple concret. El mètode neo-socràtic té moltes aplicacions i pot ser en moltes ocasions una bona alternativa a les classes
magistral.

We present here a summary of the so-called neo-Socratic method, a method of philosophical inspiration that facilitates the discovery of knowledge in a process of dialogue where one discovers the core principles of an applied discipline working from a specific example. The neo-Socratic method has many applications and can often be a good alternative to lectures.