bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Analysis and Optimization of Four Degrees of Freedom of Parallel Gripper Mechanism for Industrial Automation
Authors: Ganesh Shankar ,   Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rao Y Seetha Rama , Raja G Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To obtain the positions, velocities, and acceleration of actuators of the 4-DOF of the parallel gripper, and optimization of the mechanism is carried out to find the optimal dimensions of the mechanism. Methods: Kinematic analysis is carried out to find the positions and velocities of the gripper of the mechanism. The method used to solve the position of the mechanism is inverse kinematics. A source code is written in MATLAB software to find the positions and velocities of the gripper. This software is a computing platform which can solve large size matrices easily which is most suitable for robots. A model of the mechanism is created in CATIA with constraints. The developed CATIA model is used in ANSYS software for structural analysis. The method used for finding optimal dimensions is Genetic algorithms. Optimization is carried out using Genetic Algorithms (GA’s) using the Energy Manipulation Index as an objective for obtaining the optimal dimensions of the parallel gripper mechanism. Finally, ADAMs software is used to simulate the mechanism. Findings: using inverse kinematic equations the results of displacements, velocities, and accelerations obtained for in-plane horizontal motion, and in-plane vertical motion s plotted. After checking the gripper performance, It is observed that the in-plane vertical transmission is better than the in-plane horizontal transmission. Based on the Energy Manipulation Index (EMI), the performance-to-effort ratio of the gripper object is calculated. It tells about the physical significance of energy transfer efficiency. If the energy occupied by the end-effector is higher than the 4-DOF Parallel Gripper achieves higher efficiency and possesses better manipulability performance. Maximum EMI is taken as an objective for optimization using GA. Simulation is carried out using ADAMS software to determine the driving forces or torques. Novelty/improvement: In this paper the performance index EMI is taken as objective to find the optimal dimensions of the 4-DOF of parallel gripper. Keywords: ­ DOF parallel gripper, In­hand manipulation, In­hand twisting, Driving force, Energy Manipulation Index (EMI)
Inventory Optimization Model with Quadratic Demand Pattern and Non-instantaneous Deterioration Rate with Mixed Cash and Advance Payment Scheme
Authors: Sharma Anshu ,   Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, Gill Sumeet , Taneja Anil Kumar
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To develop a mathematical model for cost minimization by examining a scenario involving a seasonal product retail market, evaluating the outcome, and providing solutions to unanswered queries of existing models are the highlights of this present work. Methods: 1. Using dynamic differential equations with initial and boundary conditions, we mathematically model a retail market scenario for perishable commodities and determine the retailer's total cost. 2. We consider a quadratic function of time to precisely describe the maintenance cost and demand function. Also, a combination of cash and advance payment schemes is implemented in our model. 3. Our model was numerically formulated using a dataset deduced from earlier research. We have included a sensitivity analysis and a numerical example with a graphical depiction of the total cost function that highlights the most and least influential factors. 4. Based on the Hessian matrix condition and the calculus derivative approach, we developed an algorithm to calculate the optimal cost. Findings: This model provides retailers with insights for effective stock management while optimizing the cost of retailing perishable commodities with non-linear demand patterns. Sensitivity analysis showed that the two factors that have the biggest impact on retailers' overall costs are non-linear demand and holding cost parameters. The smaller optimal inventory cycle time and the large value of time at which a shortage happens raise the overall cost. Additionally, because of higher demand, the time-dependent deterioration rate has the least impact on overall cost. Additionally, a three-dimensional graph of cost minimization is offered to illustrate the convexity of total cost. Novelty: Implementation of Quadratic time-dependent demand and non-linear holding costs under a mixed cash advance payment structure, along with time-dependent deterioration and partial backlog shortages. Keywords: Quadratic Demand pattern, Non­instantaneous decay rate, Cash and Advance Payment scheme, Partial Backlog Shortages
Effectiveness of Community Forest Management as an Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Nepal
Authors: Rijal Sushila ,   Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, 90110, Thailand, Sinutok Sutinee
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study attempted to explore the effectiveness of community forest (CF) management as an ecosystem based adaptation (EbA) strategy in combating and adapting with the climate change impacts upon local ecosystems and communities. Method: In order to identify EbA options, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, governance and socioeconomic function of CF were analyzed. Effectiveness and sustainability were examined and compared through Land Use Land Cover (LULC) database during 1996 and 2021. Efficiency was explored through the economic valuation of provisioning and cultural services, using economic approach–revealed price (market price) method. Socioeconomic functions and governance were examined through the existing plans/policies and secondary data review. Findings: CF is effectively and sustainably managing the available resources. It has increased forest cover, water body, grassland and remarkable decline in bush and sand area. Bush area (79.25 ha in 1996) dropped (to 6.52 ha in 2021) while forest cover increased from 340.46 ha to 375.54 ha. Waterbody (pond or lake area) was limited to 0.88 ha that expanded to 5.04 ha in 2021 due to the conservation oriented management practices. Meanwhile, economic value of provisioning services is USD 7182 accounting wood and timber the highest (average annual USD 4800) among the provisioning services while average annual value of firewood and poles is USD 1367 and NTFP (fish and rubber) is USD 1015 whereas the economic value of cultural services is USD 18803. Novelty: The novelty of the research work lies in the unique methodology and the selection of CF for the EbA case study, which is least explored. By exposing the integration of ecological and socio-economic considerations, this research underscores the significance CF as EbA option in shaping sustainable development pathway in Nepalese context. Keywords: Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Based Adaptation, Community Forest, Nepal, Land Management
Modified Slope Rotatability for Balanced Ternary Designs of Second Order Response Surfaces
Authors: Chiranjeevi P ,   Department of Mathematics & Humanities, R V R & J C College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, 522019, Andhra Pradesh, India, Sulochana B , Jyostna P
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the best optimal solutions of modified Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs (SOSRD) using Balanced Ternary Designs (BTD) and to compare with different methods of Modified SOSRD for 3≤v≤8. Methods: To estimate the parameters of the response surface design of second order the principle of least squares was applied for design of experiments, we also evaluated modified slope rotatable value and variance of estimated responses. Findings: The outcome of this research reveals the influence of various design parameters on key aspects such as the variance of the estimated response, slope rotatable value, axial points, central points and also total number of design points of modified SOSRD framework. Novelty: The variance of the estimated responses in the new method of Modified SOSRD using BTD provides the best optimal solutions with minimum variances while compared to different methods of Modified SOSRD. Keywords: Response ­ Surface Experimental Designs, Second Order Rotatable Designs, Second ­ Order Slope ­ Rotatability, Second ­ Order Modified Slope ­ Rotatability, Balanced Ternary Designs
Application of Improved Class of Weighted Averaging Operators in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ann Guided MAGDM E-Commerce Problems
Authors: Robinson P John ,   Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Bishop Heber College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, Prakash P Wilson Arul
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To propose a novel and improvised Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique to solve Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) problems and an improved class of Aggregation operators for combining Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) matrices for the ANN algorithm. Methods: A novel class of improved aggregation operators namely the Improved Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Arithmetic Averaging (IM-IFWAA) operator and the Improved Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordered Weighted Averaging (IM-IFOWA) operator are proposed in this work. The proposed improved class of aggregation operators will aggregate the IFS matrix data sets appearing in the form of matrices and then the revised input vectors which is then fed into the ANN algorithm following Delta, Perceptron, and Hebb Learning Rule for the next phase. Findings: Aggregating the Intuitionistic Fuzzy set information or data in today’s digital world is a tedious task in the field of MAGDM problem-solving. In this work, two new classes of operators for aggregating the data sets are proposed namely the IM-IFWAA operator and the IM-IFOWA operator which will improve the performance of the ANN. Necessary theorems for the proposed operators are proved to provide consistency of the same. The input created using the aforementioned operators is then fed into the novel ANN algorithm for further computations. Varieties of learning rules are then engaged for ranking of the best alternative for the decision problem. The developed theory is supported by a numerical example which is computed using all the proposed techniques. Novelty: Most of the research done on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Artificial Neural Network models are based on learning rules or using some other calculations. The proposed methods of using novel and improvised aggregation operators for ANN are used to find the inputs for ANN where varieties of learning rules for ANN are employed for effective decision analysis. Keywords: ANN, Learning Rules, MAGDM, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Weighted Aggregation Operator
The Role of Digital Touchpoints in Car Purchasing - An Empirical Research Concerning the Indian Market
Authors: Prabaharan M ,   Research scholar, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Selvalakshmi M , Nithilia R Christina Jeya
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The present research aims to study how digital touchpoints impact the exploration of purchase opportunities for customers in car purchases. Another purpose is to explore how customers use digital touchpoints to gather information and how it influences their purchase decisions. It also aims to explore the potential mediation effect of "exciting pursuit" on the relationship between using digital touchpoints and exploring purchase opportunities. Methods: The study employed a descriptive approach. A structured online questionnaire was framed that encompassed digital touchpoint usage, information search experience, and purchase opportunities. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data from 605 car owners and prospective buyers across five high-selling states in India. Data analysis via SPSS & SMART-PLS confirmed construct validity, revealed the direct and indirect effects of the model. Findings: Websites and non-official websites emerged as preferred digital touchpoints for information search. Most customers were male (61.4%), aged between 30 and 35 (35.4%). Customers' age is associated with the official websites (p=0.001, χ =14.21) and YouTube (p=0.007, χ =18.698) usage. Enabling digital content search (EDCS; β=0.311, t =7.331), appropriateness of digital information (AOI; β=0.594, t =11.556) positively impact Exciting Pursuit (EP; β=0.629, t =27.610) and the customer's interest in exploring various purchase opportunities (EPO). EP (t=28.525) significantly influences EPO and act as a mediator between EDCS/AOI (t=11.834/t = 7.399) and EPO. Novelty: This research focuses on the role of digital touchpoints in the car purchase journey in India. It focuses on the customer's emotional response to the digital touchpoints, which are used to gather information for their purchase, and it is creating a mediating effect of exciting pursuit in the relationship between digital touchpoints and purchase opportunities. By leveraging the S-O-R model, this study contributes to the current discussion regarding the changing role of digital touchpoints in the automobile industry. Keywords: Digital Touchpoints, Digital Marketing, Stimuli­Organism­Response Model, Car Buyer Behaviour, Automobile Industry, Structural Equation Modelling
General Total Protein Sample Preparation Protocol for the Immunodetection of Auxenochlorella protothecoides Proteins. v1
Authors: Camacho Dimitrios , S. Merchant Sabeeha
Published: July 2024

This protocol describes a general method for quickly preparing and storing protein samples for the immunodetection of Auxenochlorella protothecoides proteins. The protocol was developed for metal free applications where the metal contents ofAuxenochlorellaprotothecoides cells are of importance to the proteins studied. This protocol should be adapted to optimize sampling conditions for each protein of interest.
Evaluación del riesgo asociado a la movilización manual de pacientes en personal de enfermería de una red hospitalaria en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad del Rosario, Perdomo Hernández Mónica Mildred , Murcia Soriano Luisa Fernanda ,   Hospital Universitario Mayor - Méderi
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Describir el riesgo derivado de la movilización manual de pacientes en el personal de enfermería en dos hospitales —en áreas de hospitalización, unidad de cuidados intermedios, cuidados intensivos, cuidados coronarios y urgencias— de alta y mediana complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. El nivel de riesgo biomecánico fue evaluado mediante el método Movement and assistance of hospital patients (mapo), por profesionales de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de las instituciones, en ocho áreas, con 413 trabajadores (117 profesionales y 296 auxiliares de enfermería) que realizaban movilización manual para 796 pacientes. Resultados: Se identificó un nivel de riesgo alto (> 5) en todas las áreas evaluadas, exceptuando el servicio de cuidados coronarios (riesgo medio), observando como factores de riesgo principales los relacionados con pacientes parcialmente o no colaboradores, y la necesidad de formación para la movilización de ayudas menores y de elevación. En el hospital de alta complejidad se identificó un nivel de riesgo alto, principalmente en las áreas de hospitalización (índice mapo 22,75), cuidados intermedios (índice mapo 9,50) y urgencias (índice mapo 12,90). Conclusiones: El personal de profesionales de enfermería y auxiliares de las distintas áreas asistenciales están expuestos a riesgo biomecánico elevado, por la movilización manual de pacientes que requieren de estrategias de intervención inmediata. Por ello, es necesario garantizar la continuidad de las intervenciones que se implementen, el seguimiento a las mismas y la formación en torno a ellas.
Escala para racismo moderno: adaptación y evidencias psicométricas en universitarios de Cartagena de Indias
Authors:   Institución Universitaria Mayor de Bolívar, Álvarez-Merlano Nicolás , Tezón Mariana Inés ,   Universidad de Cartagena,   Institución Universitaria Mayor de Bolívar
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Identificar la consistencia y validez interna de la escala para racismo moderno adaptada por los autores en universitarios de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Metodología: Se diseñaron dos estudios de validación de la escala, en el que participaron 250 estudiantes de una universidad colombiana. El desempeño psicométrico se evaluó, en el primer estudio, mediante la consistencia interna, el análisis factorial exploratorio, el análisis paralelo, y los análisis basados en autovalores y en la aceleración del factor; y en el segundo estudio, por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio y la consistencia interna. Resultados: La versión adaptada de la escala para racismo moderno de 10 ítems aplicada en el primer estudio exhibió un modelo tetradimensional y bidimensional deficiente, y un modelo unidimensional aceptable, con un factor responsable del 32,83 % de la varianza total, una consistencia interna mediocre y una estructura interna aceptable. La versión adaptada y reducida de la misma escala (ítems 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8) presentó un factor principal que explicó el 50,24 % de la varianza total, una consistencia interna satisfactoria, una estructura interna admisible y unos indicadores de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios. Conclusiones: La versión adaptada y reducida de la escala para racismo moderno, elaborada por los autores, muestra un mejor desempeño que la versión original adaptada al español hispanoamericano. Esta investigación aporta un instrumento reducido capaz de evaluar un constructo como el racismo moderno en una muestra poblacional con alta incidencia en territorio colombiano (migrantes venezolanos).
Regulaciones en ergonomía y trastornos musculoesqueléticos laborales de extremidades superiores en Chile (2009-2019): impactos según género
Authors:   Universidad de Atacama, Astudillo Cornejo Pamela ,   Universidad del Valle, Ibarra Villanueva Carlos ,   Universidad de Atacama,   Universidad del Valle, Ramos Pison María José ,   Universidad de Atacama, Aguilera Olivares Forlin ,   Universidad de Atacama, Ramos Harris Sergio ,   Mutual de Seguridad Cámara Chilena de la Construcción
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de casos de trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral en extremidades superiores en Chile, durante un periodo de 10 años (2009-2019), así como el nivel de cumplimiento de la Norma Trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo, a fin de determinar los impactos que han tenido las regulaciones en ergonomía según género. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre los casos registrados en bases de datos de alcance nacional, en relación con la implementación de políticas de vigilancia, control y prevención que incorporan métodos de evaluación en ergonomía. También analiza la fiscalización de riesgos laborales por la Autoridad Sanitaria (2017-2020). Resultados: Se observaron cambios significativos en los primeros años de implementación de normas hasta 2016, seguidos por un declive en el reconocimiento de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, especialmente en mujeres. La epicondilitis lateral (25,7 %) y “Otras sinovitis y tenosinovitis” (19 %) fueron los diagnósticos más comunes, existiendo diferencias significativas según sexo (p < 0,01). La media de días de reposo aumenta con la edad, siendo mayor para hombres (p < 0,01). Empresas más pequeñas y con más mujeres muestran un mayor porcentaje de no realizar identificación y evaluación de riesgos. Conclusiones: Las normas de control de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en Chile no han logrado aumentar significativamente el reconocimiento de estos trastornos. De hecho, han empeorado la situación, especialmente para mujeres y a quienes trabajan en empresas más pequeñas. Esto representa un desafío para la ergonomía y la salud pública, requiriendo el diseño de métodos y modelos de vigilancia que promuevan una mayor equidad en el diagnóstico y la prevención de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos.
Ovarian germ cell tumors in children and adolescents (literature review)
Authors: Sibirskaya E. V. , Shaykhrazieva Yu. E.
Published: July 2024

Ovarian germ cell tumors account for 30 % of germ cell tumors of other localizations and 70 % of all ovarian neoplasms. The aim of this review is to study and systematize clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian germ cell tumors in childhood and adolescence on the basis of current foreign and domestic studies.
The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy for cosmetic results after immediate breast reconstruction based on the tissue expander and permanent implant
Authors: Bryantseva Zh. V. , Novikov S. N. , Ulrikh D. G. , Krivorotko P. V. , Akulova I. A. , Yaganova T. S. , Tabagua T. T. , Zernov K. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Background. One of the causes of complications in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT).

Aim. Retrospective analysis of the results of IBR, and evaluating the effect of PMRT on the frequency and type of complications.

Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2021, 798 patients underwent IBR with tissue expander or implant in N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia. PMRT was performed in 375 patients (group 1). The remaining 423 patients did not receive PMRT (group 2). Complications, including reconstructive failure (RF), Baker grade III/IV capsular contracture (CC), were recorded and analyzed.

Results. Finally, cosmetic result analyzed in 521 patients. In 281 patients of PMRT group (group 1) IBR with expander or implant were performed in 144 and 137 cases, respectively. In the 240 patients without PMRT (group 2), IBR with expander was performed in 81 patients, with implant – in 159 cases. Pooled analysis revealed that overall rate of complications in the PMRT group was 33.8 % (in 95 of 281 patients), in non-irradiation patients – 22.9 % (in 55 of 240 patients), p <0.01. In group 1, RF were recorded in 67 (23.8 %) patients, in group 2 – in 44 (18.3 %) patients, p >0.05. CC in group 1 were detected in 28 (10 %) patients, in group 2 in 11 (4.6 %) patients, p <0.05. In patients with permanent implants RF were detected in 21 (14.6 %) of irradiation patients and in 22 (13.8 %) non-irradiation patients (p >0.2). On the contrary, CC were mentioned in 22 (16.1 %) of irradiated patient and in 8 (5 %) patients that didn’t receive PMRT, p <0.005. After reconstruction with expander RF were diagnosed in 46 (31.9 %) patients after PMRT and in 22 (27.2 %) non-irradiation patients, p >0.2. CC were observed in 6 (4.2 %) patients from PMRT group and in 3 (3.7 %) patients treated without PMRT, p >0.2.

Conclusion. PMRT in patients after IBR with simultaneous installation of a permanent implant is characterized by a decrease in the incidence of RF, but an increase in the incidence of CC.
Prevention of the development of diastasis of the wound edges during two-stage breast reconstruction
Authors: Ismagilov A. Kh. , Kamaletdinov I. F. , Akhmetzyanov A. M. , Dobrov V. S. , Gabdrakhmanova A. R.
Published: July 2024

The main problem of breast reconstruction after a mastectomy is the complete destruction of all structural elements of the breast and the lack of integumentary tissues that do not allow carrying out one-stage breast reconstruction. To solve this problem, usually performing a two-stage reconstruction, which today is the most commonly used method of breast reconstruction. The peculiarity of this method is that after removal of the expander, during the second stage of reconstruction, some retraction of the skin and a decrease in the area of the prepared skin cover are observed. Thus, after installing a permanent implant and suturing the surgical wound, the skin sheath is tightened around the installed endoprosthesis, while the greater the retraction of the skin, the more pronounced the tension appears and, accordingly, the load on the sutured wound increases. As a result, the risks of developing diastasis of the wound edges with the exposure of the endoprosthesis increase, which leads to the need to remove the implant. Therefore, when carrying out the second stage of breast reconstruction, a very important moment of the operation is the suturing of the postoperative wound, the competent implementation of which allows the prevention of implant extrusion.
Tumour budding, MELF-pattern and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as possible pathomorphological parameters of the course of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus
Authors: Zinovkin D. A. , Veyalkin I. V. , Achinovich S. L. , Slepokurova I. I. , Lyzikova Yu. A. , Farooq A.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluatethe role tumour budding (TB), MELF-pattern and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as possible prognostic factors of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus.

Materials and methods. A single-centre, retrospective, observational study was conducted involving 188 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine body. 40 patients who had disease recurrence or died directly from progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine body were the unfavourable outcome group, 148 patients without progression and death from this tumour were the favourable outcome group. Fisher, Yates exact two-sided criteria were used to analyze the data. Survival analysis was performed using log-rank test. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) were estimated using single-factor analysis with log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results. TB was observed predominantly in the group of patients with unfavourable outcome (р <0.0001) Survival analysis revealed statistically significant decreased survival in cases with TB (HR 5.3; 95 % CI 2.2–12.7; р <0.0001). MELF-pattern was statistically significantly more frequent in the group of patients with unfavourable outcome (р <0.0001), a decreased survival of patients was observed in the presence of MELF-pattern (HR 5.8; 95 % CI 2.1–16.2; р <0.0001). Comparison of groups according to the number of TILs revealed statistically significant differences (р = 0.0242). When analyzing survival relative to the threshold value of the number of TILs, statistically significant differences were also observed (HR 3.7; 95 % CI 1.7–7.9; р = 0.021). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that only TB and MELF-pattern had prognostic significance for recurrence-free survival (HR 3.7; 95 % CI 1.8–7.4; р <0.001).

Conclusion. TB and MELF-pattern are specific changes in the stroma of endometrioid adenocarcinoma stroma of the uterine corpus that can be used as pathomorphological predictors of clinical outcome.
The possibilities of predicting the individual risk of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age using mathematical modeling
Authors: Klyukina L. A. , Sosnova E. A. , Ishchenko A. A. , Davydov M. M.
Published: July 2024

Background. Cervical cancer (CC) refers to cancer of visual localization and in women of reproductive age remains one of the most common oncological diseases. The carcinogenesis of CC is caused by the persistence of highly oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV), the level of carcinogenicity of which is the highest based on the criteria of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, cervical carcinogenesis does not occur in all cases of persistence of highly oncogenic types of HPV. This, in turn, determines the need for a thorough search, study and analysis of possible cofactors that can lead to neoplastic changes in the cervix.

Aim. To develop a model for predicting the individual risk of CC in women of reproductive age, taking into account clinical, anamnestic, laboratory and histological data.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was retrospective examination data from 251 patients of reproductive age who were treated at the Center for Gynecology and Reproductive Technologies of the National Medical Research Center “Medical and Rehabilitation Center”, Ministry of Health of Russia in the period 2015–2022. Results. Highly oncogenic HPV types were significantly more common in the group of patients with verified СС who took combined oral contraceptives (COC), compared with patients who did not take COC (p = 0.035). Multifactorial analysis allowed us to determine that long-term use of СОС for a total of more than 7 years is associated with a tendency to increase the risk of developing СС (hazard ratio 1.68; 95 % confidence interval 1.1–2.5; p = 0.010). According to the results of statistical calculation, the values of regression coefficients were obtained and the tendency to increase the risk of developing CC was predicted in the presence of such factors as: HPV type 16 persistence, body mass index, and the duration of COC intake in years.

Conclusion. Thus, taking into account all possible risk factors for CC, the negative effect of cofactors, namely increased body mass index and prolonged intake of COC, on the course of HPV as the leading etiological factor of breast cancer, will allow us to identify groups at increased risk of developing CC, form an individual algorithm for monitoring and examination throughout the entire period of taking COC, as well as conduct individual cancer prevention by limiting the duration of taking COC.
Causality in Italian Criminal Law
Authors: Klepitskij I. A.
Published: July 2024

Modern Italian criminal law doctrine is dominated by the concept of equivalence of conditions as interpreted in the context of «scientific theory» developed in German theory in the 19th century. It is believed that when establishing a causal relationship, it is necessary to use the method of exclusion, focusing primarily on data from the natural sciences, then on data from other sciences and the maxims of general experience. When establishing a causal relationship, the determining factor is the probability of the occurrence of a consequence, while the question of the degree of probability remains controversial. The theories of adequate causation and human causation are rejected by Italian criminal law doctrine. The German theory of objective imputability is considered in the legal literature, it has supporters, but in practice, it is not accepted. The shortcomings of the «scientific theory» of causation are due to methodological errors. Causality is not a scientific category, but a philosophical one. Different sciences, natural and otherwise, have different criteria for establishing a causal relationship that are suitable for these sciences. In the natural sciences, repeatability, which can be assessed statistically, is of decisive importance for establishing a causal relationship. It is impossible to mechanically transfer the methodology of natural sciences to jurisprudence.
The Concept of Truth in Criminology
Authors: Semenovskiy A. I.
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the concept of truth in criminology as a dichotomous concept in relation to lies. The author concludes that the concept of «truth» can act as problematic knowledge, containing probable true knowledge, partly corresponding to reality, in which the person accepting it believes. This understanding of the concept should be considered as the goal and result of search and cognitive activity in a criminal case, which is a component of subsequently obtaining reliable, true forensically significant information. The truth, in the noted understanding, can also act as a factor that significantly determines the search and cognitive activity of the investigator in criminal proceedings. From the point of view of communicative interaction, truth can be considered as information, the addressee of which seeks to convey information that he evaluates as true, in order to create in the addressee a complete and true idea of some reality, taking into account his own ideas about such completeness and truth. This definition is applicable to solving problems of procedural actions in which the main method of obtaining information is questioning, as well as to minimizing errors in obtaining true information during the production of these actions. In philosophical knowledge, truth is also studied as an ideal of ethics. Considering that the concept of ethics in criminology is highly debatable, consideration of truth as an ethical ideal so far seems inconclusive. The ideas set forth in the paper may be significant in the context of a comprehensive consideration of the concept of «truth» in criminology and the development of a theory of truth as a phenomenon of criminal proceedings as opposed to lies.
Imaging of bones dysbarogenic changes in navy divers
Authors: Dimiev Vil V. , Zheleznyak Igor S. , Kireeva Elena B. , Mozhina Maria N.
Published: July 2024

The number of diving descents in the world is steadily growing, as is the complexity of the work performed under conditions of increased environmental pressure. Also, in order to increase efficiency and expand the range of tasks performed, the intensity, depth of dives and the time divers spend in hyperbaric conditions are increasing. These factors contribute to an increase in the number of diving pathologies, including damage to the skeletal bones of dysbarogenic genesis. X-ray diagnostic methods used during annual medical examinations of divers do not always allow the detection of dysbarogenic changes in the bones; in addition, the clinical manifestations of this pathology do not have obvious specificity. In this regard, it can be assumed that the occurrence of this pathology among divers has not been reliably established to date. This article is devoted to a review of the literature on the possibilities of radiodiagnosis of dysbarogenic changes in skeletal bones in specialists whose work involves being in conditions of high environmental pressure. The article highlights the results of a literature review of English-language and Russian-language publications presented in the databases of PubMed and scientific electronic libraries of Russia (eLIBRARY.RU and CYBERLENINKA.RU). In order to determine the optimal methods of radiation diagnostics, the etiological and pathogenetic aspects of the development of dysbarogenic degenerative and necrotic changes in the bones of the skeleton, as well as the experience of scientists in determining the corresponding radiation semiotics, were analyzed. Considering that the worst manifestation of bone pathology of dysbarogenic origin is dysbaric (aseptic) osteonecrosis, we studied the literature on the issues of its clinical and instrumental diagnosis. One of the directions in scientific research was the work of authors exploring the possibilities of early instrumental diagnosis of changes in bone tissue, in particular the possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of dysbaric osteonecrosis. In addition, data on modern x-ray methods were analyzed, which may be promising as a screening diagnosis of dysbarogenic degenerative and necrotic changes in the bones of the skeleton.
Immunophenotyping of a population of cultured human umbilical cord cells from Wharton's jelly
Authors: Chernov Vladimir E. , Sokolova Margarita O. , Kokorina Arina A. , Pendinen Galina I.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Against the background of many existing methods of defect replacement in post-traumatic injuries the methods of repair of damaged tissues based on methods using products of tissue engineering and cultures of artificially cultured human cells are becoming more and more widespread in medical practice. The literature reports weak immunogenic activity of human umbilical cord tissues, which makes these cells promising components of regenerative medicine products. Due to possible errors in explant selection and cell transformation in the process of cultivation, it is necessary to reliably determine the phenotype of cells obtained as a result of tissue explantation and their further cultivation. Thus, the specificity of obtaining multipotent mesenchymal cells from human umbilical cord Warton's stool tissues requires reliable identification of the type of the obtained cells.
AIM: To obtain reliable features of mesenchymal stem cells in the cell population obtained from human umbilical cord stool tissue.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Methods of cell cultivation, flow cytofluorimetry, immunocytochemistry for determination of surface and intracellular markers of mesenchymal stem cells were used in the study.
RESULTS: In the course of work on the identification of cells of the population obtained by culturing explants from human umbilical cord Wharton stool, the heterogeneity of the type of cells constituting the cell population was established. Most of them are mesenchymal stem cells carrying fluorescent markers CD45, CD73, CD34, CD29, CD90, CD44, CD105, which agrees with the immunophenotype of mesenchymal stem cells defined by the International Society for Cell Therapy. The ratio of the applied markers allows us to refer the population of cells obtained by direct explantation of Varton's gelatin tissue fragments to mesenchymal stem cells. Visual control confirmed the localisation of labelled antibodies on the surface of cultured cells. And also, it was shown that there were no vascular muscle cells in the obtained culture.
CONCLUSION: As a result of experiments on identification of the cells obtained during explantation of Wharton's jelly tissue fragments and their further cultivation, their belonging to mesenchymal stem cells was established by immunofluorescence cytophotometry.
Unveiling Teachers’ Perception: Cultural Influences on Educators' Decision-Making in High-Stakes Exams
Authors: Puspitasari Maya , Pelawi Muhammad Arifin
Published: July 2024

This study analyses the diverse motives of educators entering the teaching profession and their impact on pedagogical decisions during high-stakes exams. Semi-structured interviews with eight participants (six male and two female teachers) from secondary schools in Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, lasted up to forty minutes. These interviews aimed to elicit insights into the participants' beliefs on their professional calling.Three key themes emerged from the interviews' thematic analysis: the trajectory of a teacher's personal history, the influential role of degree choice, and the weight of accountability. Furthermore, the findings highlighted how gender identity not only influenced the teachers but also echoed across their familial spheres, guiding them towards a profession in education.This investigation underlined the critical significance of cultural beliefs in developing educators' motivations, which serve as the foundation of their professional identity. As a result, this identification has a substantial impact on their pedagogical practises in the classroom, particularly when confronted with the demands imposed by high-stakes exams. This study sheds insight into the intricacies underpinning educators' decision-making processes, particularly in circumstances typified by rigorous assessments, by providing a comprehensive view of the delicate interplay between cultural factors, individual motives, and professional practice.
Penerapan Konsep Among Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam Mengoptimalkan Keterampilan Berbahasa Siswa
Authors: Maf’ula Dewi , Suherjanto Indra
Published: July 2024

The use of Indonesian language in the school environment that has not been optimal makes teachers make efforts to develop language skills and encourage students' critical and creative thinking abilities. This study aims to examine and analyze the application of Ki Hajar Dewantara's Among concept in Indonesian language learning as an effort to optimize students' language skills holistically. The method used is a literature study by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources on the concept of Among and Indonesian language learning. The results show that the application of the Among concept which emphasizes teacher exemplary, motivation, guidance, family approach, and democratic principles has high relevance in optimizing students' language skills. Teachers play an important role in applying this concept by being role models, motivators, and mentors for students. Learning strategies and techniques that are aligned with the Among concept such as project-based, collaborative, and contextual learning can be applied to increase students' interest and motivation to learn and develop language skills as a whole. In conclusion, the application of Ki Hajar Dewantara's Among concept in Indonesian language learning is the right solution to realize meaningful, contextual, and aligned learning with national education goals.
Materi Tata Bahasa dalam Buku Teks Bahasa Indonesia Tingkat SMP Kelas VIII
Authors: Akyun Qurrota , Pratiwi Yuni
Published: July 2024

Tata bahasa merupakan sistem aturan yang mengatur struktur dan penggunaan bahasa, memastikan bahasa dapat digunakan dengan baik dan benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan materi tata bahasa yang terdapat dalam buku teks Bahasa Indonesia untuk kelas VIII berdasarkan Kurikulum Merdeka. Buku teks Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran utama yang disediakan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, yang menekankan pada pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis, kreatif, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi (4C) serta karakter positif peserta didik. Kurikulum Merdeka menekankan pendekatan yang holistik dalam pendidikan, dengan tujuan mengembangkan potensi penuh peserta didik, baik dari segi akademik maupun karakter. Meskipun penelitian sebelumnya telah menyoroti pentingnya materi tata bahasa dalam buku teks, penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman lebih mendalam mengenai pemetaan materi tata bahasa yang ada dalam buku teks bahasa Indonesia untuk kelas VIII berdasarkan Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi untuk mengkaji sejauh mana buku teks tersebut memenuhi standar kurikulum dan bagaimana materi tata bahasa disajikan untuk mendukung pengembangan keterampilan 4C dan karakter positif. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan pendidikan bahasa di tingkat sekolah menengah, serta mendukung pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang lebih efektif dan bermakna. Dengan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang materi tata bahasa dalam buku teks, para pendidik dapat merancang strategi pengajaran yang lebih baik dan relevan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga dapat menjadi acuan bagi pengembangan buku teks di masa depan, memastikan bahwa materi tata bahasa disajikan secara komprehensif dan mendukung tujuan Kurikulum Merdeka. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini tidak hanya memberikan wawasan teoritis tetapi juga aplikasi praktis dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.
Efektivitas Implementasi Scaffolding terhadap Hasil Belajar Seni Budaya Di SMA
Authors: Yusuf Ahmad , Wiyono Handi , Rahayuningtyas Wida
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan scaffolding ter­hadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran seni budaya pada siswa kelas 12 IPS 1, 12 Bahasa, 12 IPA 4, dan 12 IPA 6 di SMA Negeri 8 Malang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peng­gunaan scaffolding terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar seni budaya. Strategi pembelajaran ini memungkinkan siswa untuk belajar secara lebih terstruktur dan mendalam, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan pemahaman dan hasil belajar mereka. Penerapan scaffolding yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik tidak hanya membantu mereka mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal, tetapi juga menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih kondusif dan suportif. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpul­kan bahwa pembelajaran seni budaya dengan strategi scaffolding memberikan dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas hasil belajar siswa. Pendekatan ini juga me­mungkinkan guru untuk memberikan bimbingan yang lebih terarah dan adaptif, yang sangat penting dalam mendukung proses belajar siswa. Implementasi scaffolding yang efektif dapat menjadi model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan secara lebih luas untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar di berbagai mata pelajaran lainnya.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Jaring Laba-Laba Diksi Berbasis E-LKPD Aplikasi Canva pada Keterampilan Menulis Puisi Di Kelas VIII
Authors: Ayaturrahman Annisa’ , Karkono Karkono
Published: July 2024

Kurangnya penguasaan kosakata dan ketidakmampuan siswa untuk menemukan diksi yang sesuai dengan tema adalah beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya keber­hasilan siswa dalam menciptakan puisi. Selain itu, penggunaan metode pengajaran yang tidak tepat juga mempengaruhi pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengoptimalkan kreativitas siswa dalam menciptakan puisi dan mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diinginkan, salah satu solusi yang dapat ditawarkan adalah mene­rapkan metode pengajaran jaring laba-laba diksi. Metode ini berfungsi sebagai panduan bagi siswa dalam membuat kerangka puisi, membantu mereka secara sistematis memilih diksi yang sesuai dengan tema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan pustaka komprehensif mengenai analisis penerapan metode pengajaran jaring laba-laba diksi berbasis aplikasi e-LKPD Canva dalam keterampilan menulis puisi di Kelas VIII C SMP Laboratorium. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari berbagai artikel, terlihat bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode jaring laba-laba diksi dapat secara signifikan memaksimalkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa. Metode ini terbukti menjadi pilihan efektif untuk mengatasi kesulitan siswa dalam menentukan diksi yang sesuai dengan tema puisi yang diberikan. Dengan mengorganisir pemikiran dan ide-ide mereka dalam kerangka yang terstruktur, siswa dapat lebih memahami seluk-beluk penulisan puisi. Lebih jauh lagi, mengintegrasikan metode ini dengan aplikasi e-LKPD Canva membuat proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih interaktif dan menarik. Canva me­nyediakan platform serbaguna di mana siswa dapat memvisualisasikan ide-ide mereka dan mengeksplorasi cara-cara kreatif untuk menyajikan puisi mereka. Kom­binasi meto­de jaring laba-laba diksi dan alat teknologi Canva tidak hanya meningkatkan pemaham­an teoritis siswa tetapi juga membuat pembelajaran menjadi menyenangkan dan ber­manfaat. Akibatnya, siswa lebih termotivasi dan lebih siap untuk menulis puisi dengan diksi yang lebih baik dan kreativitas yang lebih tinggi. Pendekatan terpadu ini memas­tikan perkembangan holistik keterampilan menulis puisi siswa, dengan meng­atasi keterbatasan kosakata mereka dan kebutuhan akan metode pengajaran yang efektif.