bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semiclassical orthogonal polynomial systems on nonuniform lattices, deformations of the Askey table, and analogues of isomonodromy
Authors: Witte N. S.
Published: October 2015

A 𝔻-semiclassical weight is one which satisfies a particular linear, first-order homogeneous equation in a divided-difference operator 𝔻. It is known that the system of polynomials, orthogonal with respect to this weight, and the associated functions satisfy a linear, first-order homogeneous matrix equation in the divided-difference operator termed thespectral equation. Attached to the spectral equation is a structure which constitutes a number of relations such as those arising from compatibility with the three-term recurrence relation. Here this structure is elucidated in the general case of quadratic lattices. The simplest examples of the 𝔻-semiclassical orthogonal polynomial systems are precisely those in the Askey table of hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. However within the 𝔻-semiclassical class it is entirely natural to define a generalization of the Askey table weights which involve a deformation with respect to new deformation variables. We completely construct the analogous structures arising from such deformations and their relations with the other elements of the theory. As an example we treat the first nontrivial deformation of the Askey–Wilson orthogonal polynomial system defined by the q-quadratic divided-difference operator, the Askey–Wilson operator, and derive the coupled first-order divided-difference equations characterizing its evolution in the deformation variable. We show that this system is a member of a sequence of classical solutions to theq-Painlevé system.
Careers and SEN pupils
Authors: Grant Annie
Published: October 2015

Making a successful transition from school to paid employment can be a challenge for students with SEN. Annie Grant visits a project that is helping them to break into the world of work
Dinutuximab and Panobinostat
Authors: Chasick Ashley , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: October 2015

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Approvals, Submission, and Important Labeling Changes for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: October 2015

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at danial.baker@wsu.edu .
Avascular Necrosis of Stapes Crura in One Case of Operated Otosclerosis
Authors: Erdoglija Milan , Sotirovic Jelena , Jacimovic Violeta , Vukomanovic Biserka
Published: October 2015

Unilateral otosclerosis combined with avascular necrosis of stapes crura is a rare entity. It should be considered in a case of high grade otosclerosis. Symptoms are the same as in patients who suffer from common otosclerosis. Patients complain on progressive hearing loss and tinnitus. The diagnosis is made clinically by conventional audiologic evaluation and radiologically by x-ray mastoid Schuller’s view and CT scan. HRCT scan makes visible all parts of ossicular chain and gives surgeon some information about ossicular chain damage. Surgery with stapedotomy and stapes prosthesis implantation in a case of otosclerosis with avascular necrosis of stapes crura can be success therapy to improve patient’s hearing.
The Effect of Mud-Bath Therapy on Bone Status in Rats During Adjuvant Subchronic Arthritis
Authors: Živná Helena , Maric Ljiljana , Gradošová Iveta , Švejkovská Klára , Hubená Soňa , Živný Pavel
Published: October 2015

Introduction: We studied influence of mud-bath on bone status in male Wistar rats with subchronic arthritis. Methods: Arthritis was induced by 2 subplantar injections of Freund’s adjuvans with heat-killed Streptoccocus pyogenes into paw. Groups: intact (int) on chippings; (con) arthritis on chippings; (san38) arthritis on hot sand; (mu38) arthritis on hot mud; (mu21) arthritis on mild mud. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and femurs were tested biomechanically. Bone markers osteocalcin (OC), PINP and CTX were analysed in bone. Results: BMD of right femur decreased vs. left in san38 (p = 0.030) and mu38 (p = 0.047). Fracture load of right/left femur (N) decreased in experimental groups, significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). Fracture threshold of neck decreased in right vs. left in experimental groups, but significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). OC decreased in mu38 vs. con (1.84 ± 0.14/2.62 ± 0.23). PINP decreased in int vs. san38 (p = 0.005) and mu21 (p < 0.001). CTX decreased in int vs. mu38 (p = 0.006) and mu21 (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The hot bath appears indifferent in relation to osteoporosis, while cold mud-bath shows good effect on bone metabolism. The cold mud-baths help to reduce arthritic inflammation and pain and thereby lead to higher mobility with positive consequence on bone.
Influence of selenium in drought-stressed wheat plants under greenhouse and field conditions
Authors: HAJIBOLAND Roghieh , SADEGHZADEH Noushin , EBRAHIMI Nashmin , SADEGHZADEH Behzad , MOHAMMADI Seyed Abolgasem
Published: October 2015

Effects of selenium (Na2SeO4) was studied in two wheat genotypes under well-watered and drought conditions in greenhouse (15 µg Se L-1) and field (20-60 60 g ha-1) experiments. Application of Se improved dry matter and grain yield under both well-watered and drought conditions. Se increased leaf concentration of pigments and photosynthesis rate under both well-watered and drought conditions. Our results indicated that Se alleviates drought stress via increased photosynthesis rate, protection of leaf photochemical events, accumulation of organic osmolytes and improvement of water use efficiency. Under well-watered condition, Se-mediated growth improvement was associated with higher photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, greater root length and diameter, and higher leaf water content.
A Review of Drying Processes in the Production of Pumpkin Powder
Authors: Roongruangsri Warawaran , Bronlund John E.
Published: October 2015

Pumpkin is widely used as a valuable food source and is gaining the attention of healthcare consumers. Dried powdering pumpkin is an alternative way to increase the consumption. For these reasons, a sound knowledge of the processes for drying and powdering of pumpkin is needed. Therefore, the present review summarizes data from the literature and points out promising areas for further research. This review focused mainly on various processes of dried pumpkin powder, including pre-treatment techniques which can influence the quality of dried product. Impacts of drying and storage methods on quality changes were also revealed in dried pumpkin powder such as the loss of color, changes in texture or an off-flavor and decreases in carotenoids or other nutrients. Moreover, this review also collected the basic information about characterization of pumpkin fruit and also chemical characteristics and nutritional values of pumpkin. Finally, the review pointed out areas for future research to further elucidate the best methods of dried pumpkin powdering for the local companies.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats
Authors: Tag Hend M. , Khaled Howayda E. , Ismail Hayat A.A. , El-Shenawy Nahla S.
Published: October 2015

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by polyarticular symmetrical arthritis. The prevalence of RA is consistent worldwide, affecting about 0.5%–1.0% of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Saussurea lappa (costus) could ameliorate adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the rat for 21 days.

Methods: Animals were divided into eight groups (n=5/group). Group 1 acted as control, group 2 presented the AA rats (positive control), and groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with different doses of S. lappa (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, respectively), whereas groups 6, 7, and 8 were AA rats and orally administered with S. lappa (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, respectively). The changes caused by chronic inflammation were evaluated through the measurement of ankle circumference (AC). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), total oxidative capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined.

Results:
Saussurea lappa dose-dependently alleviated the severity of the disease based on the reduction in AC and on the clinical scores of the histological study. Histopathological examination proved that S. lappa decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia as well as protected joint destruction. Saussurea lappa reduced the serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, reduced the TOC, and improved the TAC as compared with AA rats.

Conclusions: The S. lappa extract has potentially useful anti-arthritic activity as well as improves the immune and antioxidant responses of adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats.
Melatonin and vitamin C exacerbate Cannabis sativa-induced testicular damage when administered separately but ameliorate it when combined in rats
Authors: Alagbonsi Isiaka A. , Olayaki Luqman A. , Salman Toyin M.
Published: October 2015

Background: The mechanisms involved in the spermatotoxic effect of Cannabis sativa are inconclusive. The involvement of oxidative stress in male factor infertility has been well documented, and the antioxidative potential of melatonin and vitamin C in many oxidative stress conditions has been well reported. This study sought to investigate whether melatonin and vitamin C will ameliorate C. sativa-induced spermatotoxicity or not.

Methods: Fifty-five (55) male albino rats (250–300 g) were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into five oral treatment groups as follows: group I (control, n=5) received 1 mL/kg of 10% ethanol for 30 days; groups IIa, IIb, and IIc (n=5 each) received 2 mg/kg C. sativa for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; groups IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc (n=5 each) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa and 4 mg/kg melatonin for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; groups IVa, IVb, and IVc (n=5 each) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa and 1.25 g/kg vitamin C for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; group V (n=5) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa, 4 mg/kg melatonin, and 1.25 g/kg vitamin C for 30 days.

Results: Cannabis treatments reduced the Johnsen score, sperm count, motility, morphology, paired testicular/body weight ratio, and total antioxidant capacity, but increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. In addition, supplementation of cannabis-treated rats with either melatonin or vitamin C exacerbates the effect of cannabis on those parameters, whereas combination of melatonin and vitamin C reversed the trend to the level comparable to control.

Conclusions: This study further showed the gonadotoxic effect of C. sativa, which could be mediated by oxidative stress. It also showed that melatonin and vitamin C exacerbate C. sativa-induced testicular damage when administered separately but ameliorate it when combined in rats.
Inhibition of AKT signaling by supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Ramachandran Cheppail , Portalatin Gilda , Quirin Karl-W , Escalon Enrique , Khatib Ziad , Melnick Steven J.
Published: October 2015

Background: Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is a less-investigated herb for anticancer properties than other related Curcuma species. AKT (a serine/threonine protein kinase B, originally identified as an oncogene in the transforming retrovirus AKT8) plays a central role in the development and promotion of cancer. In this investigation, we have analyzed the effect of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (CA) on the genetic pathways associated with AKT signaling in human glioblastoma cells.

Methods: The inhibitory effect of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (Curcuma amada) on AKT signaling was investigated in U-87MG glioblastoma cells.

Results: CA was highly cytotoxic to glioblastoma cell line (IC50=4.92±0.81 µg/mL) compared to mHypoE-N1 normal mouse hypothalamus cell line (IC50=40.57±0.06 µg/mL). CA inhibits AKT (protein Kinase B) and adenosine monophophate -activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) phosphorylation significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The cell migration which is necessary for invasion and metastasis was also inhibited by CA treatment, with about 43% reduction at 20 µg/mL concentration. Analysis of mRNA and protein expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis showed that CA modulates expression of genes associated with apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, BNIP3, caspase-3, mutant p53 and p21), cell proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and AMPKα genes interacting with the AKT signaling pathway were also downregulated by CA treatment.

Conclusions: These results indicate the molecular targets and mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of CA in human glioblastoma cells.
Korelasi Antara Pelanggaran Etika dan Penegakan Hukum (Analisis Kasus Nikah Sirri dan Singkat Bupati Garut)
Authors: Purkon Arip
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The correlation Between Ethical Abuse and Law Enforcement. Ethic and law are two interrelated things. Ethic is a measure of something based on conformity with the values ​​of kindness, decency and propriety. While the law is right or wrong assessment is generally based on the written norm. When the law is understood as a technical procedural and formal, then the ethical aspect is often forgotten. There are actions that are considered unlawful, but it is still perceived good ethics. Moreover, vice versa, there are actions that are considered unethical, but it does not violate the procedural and formal law. Two things need to be synchronized in order to avoid dualism between ethical and legal meaning. Abstrak: Korelasi Antara Pelanggaran Etika dan Penegakan Hukum. Etika dan hukum merupakan dua hal yang saling berkaitan. Etika merupakan tolak ukur sesuatu berdasarkan kesesuaiannya dengan nilai-nilai kebaikan, kesopanan dan kepantasan. Sementara hukum merupakan penilaian benar atau salah yang umumnya berdasarkan norma tertulis. Ketika hukum hanya dipahami sebagai teknis prosedural dan formal, maka aspek etika sering terlupakan. Ada perbuatan yang dianggap melanggar hukum, tetapi secara etika masih dipersepsikan baik. Dan juga sebaliknya, ada yang perbuatan yang dianggap melanggar etika, tetapi secara prosedural dan formal tidak melanggar hukum. Dua hal ini perlu disinkronkan agar tidak terjadi dualisme antara pemaknaan etika dan hukum  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1464
Severe Central Sleep Apnea in Vici Syndrome
Authors: El-Kersh Karim , Jungbluth Heinz , Gringras Paul , Senthilvel Egambaram
Published: October 2015

Vici syndrome is a rare congenital multisystem disorder due to recessive mutations in the key autophagy regulator EPG5. Vici syndrome is characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypopigmentation, immunodeficiency, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy, with variable additional multisystem involvement. Here we report on a 5-year-old girl who presented with global developmental delay, seizures, callosal agenesis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, hypopigmentation, and immunodeficiency with a low CD4 count and recurrent infections. EPG5 sequencing (prompted by suggestive clinical features) revealed a homozygous missense mutation, c.1007A>G (p.Gln336Arg). The patient was referred to our center for evaluation of nocturnal apnea. Overnight polysomnography showed severe central sleep apnea (CSA) with an overall apnea-hypopnea index of 100.5 events per hour of sleep (central apnea index of 97.5, mixed apnea index of 2, and obstructive hypopnea index of 1). The patient responded to bilevel positive airway pressure therapy with a backup rate with normalization of the apnea-hypopnea index and maintenance of oxygen saturation >90%. Despite successful control of the severe CSA, the patient was eventually started on nocturnal oxygen therapy due to excessive upper airway secretions and the high risk of possible aspiration with positive airway pressure therapy. This is the first report of EPG5-related Vici syndrome associated with CSA. We discuss the polysomnographic findings in our patient in the context of a brief literature review of the reported sleep abnormalities in Vici syndrome.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Williams Janet F. , Smith Vincent C. ,   the COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Published: October 2015

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can damage the developing fetus and is the leading preventable cause of birth defects and intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities. In 1973, fetal alcohol syndrome was first described as a specific cluster of birth defects resulting from alcohol exposure in utero. Subsequently, research unequivocally revealed that prenatal alcohol exposure causes a broad range of adverse developmental effects. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the general term that encompasses the range of adverse effects associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. The diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome are specific, and comprehensive efforts are ongoing to establish definitive criteria for diagnosing the other FASDs. A large and growing body of research has led to evidence-based FASD education of professionals and the public, broader prevention initiatives, and recommended treatment approaches based on the following premises: Alcohol-related birth defects and developmental disabilities are completely preventable when pregnant women abstain from alcohol use.Neurocognitive and behavioral problems resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure are lifelong.Early recognition, diagnosis, and therapy for any condition along the FASD continuum can result in improved outcomes.During pregnancy:○ no amount of alcohol intake should be considered safe; ○ there is no safe trimester to drink alcohol; ○ all forms of alcohol, such as beer, wine, and liquor, pose similar risk; and ○ binge drinking poses dose-related risk to the developing fetus.
Prognozowanie zmian udziału użytków rolnych w powierzchni ogólnej Krakowa
Authors: Luchter Bogusław , Walkosz Anna
Published: October 2015

The article constitutes an attempt to forecast the share of farmland area in an overall area, using Cracow as an example. In fact, under the centrally planned economy, Cracow took over a large part of farmland areas, which recently have become subject to intensive development. The research was done in the years 1977-2012 within the town limits as laid out for each respective census year. The analysis takes into consideration the four former districts: Krowodrza, Nowa Huta, Podgórze and Sródmieście, all of which were preserved as cadastral units for survey balance purposes. The forecast was done for the period 2012-2022.So as to determine long-term changes in land use, taking as example the total farmland area, we have applied the linear trend method which forecasts development tendencies based upon a longer time span. The verification confirms the statistical significance of the mathematical functions used. Generally speaking, for the years 2012-2022, the research shows that the share of farmland to the total area will decrease not only for Cracow as a whole but also in its respective districts.
Modern Athletes’ Preparation for the Olympic Games
Authors: Karoblis Povilas , Balčiūnas Egidijus , Petkus Einius , Tamulevičius Robertas
Published: October 2015

Sport training process has its own problems related to different sport disciplines, thus, it is essential effectively to employ sport scientists’ and coaches’ initiatives as well as their researches and gained experience. The most important sport science function is to accept and share new technologies and good practices through sport training theory and didactics alongside to the new challenges for high performance sport that settle new requirements for coaches’ competency. Such tendencies are already reflected in present scientific studies and training modes of high performance athletes. Coaching more and more appears to come as many-angled process for athletes, who strive for elite level and must be prepared to stay at this level for many years ahead; and this involves not only coach’s specific, profession-related, and general competencies but also other parties-scientists, medics, managers-alongside to national support.

When planning athletes’ training process for the Olympic Games, it is necessary to take into consideration the tendencies of sport and event perspectives as well as tendencies to anticipate results. The data of athlete’s main characteristics analysis, changes in sport training methods and its strategy, the development of increasing training loads, material facilities and technical equipment must be considered too. After analysing this, the training and participation in competitions of athletes and other participants has to be acquainted and summarized; then coach’s insights that are prognostic for sport results can be welcomed. Eventually, qualitative criteria for training evaluation must be settled, considering its scientific relevance, originality, influence to new scientific researches as well as scientists’ public behaviour, tolerance, and proper area-related growth stimulation.
GIS system and livestock field survey as tools to manage the potential reducing of fuel load for fire prevention
Authors: Pecora Giovanni , Musto Mauro , D’adamo Carmine , Adduci Francesco , Freschi Pierangelo , Cosentino Carlo
Published: October 2015

This study would mark the potential role of grazing by Podolian cattle for reducing fuel load of fire prevention and propagation. The interconnection of Geographic Information System (GIS) and livestock field survey allowed to monitor different grazing and no-grazing areas in Basilicata region.

Fifteen grazing areas were monitored for five years during the summer pasture, when the Podolian cattle graze on green grazing areas. These areas were monitored by using GIS system and GPS application. The potential impact of Podolian cattle was monitored for the same time period. The cattle consistency allowed to calculate different parameters: livestock unit, dry matter intake and stocking estimation of potential amount of dry matter intake to understand the removal biomass in order to reduce the fuel load for fire prevention.

The spatial analysis (GIS) showed that there were only four grazing areas burned during the time sampling, compared to the surrounding areas used as control (no-grazing area). Therefore an efficient management of grazing by Podolian cattle could be an important tool to prevent the fire propagation.
Development of D.M. Zubairov ideas by the Chita school of hemostasis
Authors: Kuznik Boris Ilyich
Published: October 2015

Review is dedicated to the influence D.M. Zubairov ideas on the further research of hemostasis system in Chita scientific school. Even in 1957, D.M. Zubairov showed that the state of coagulation largely depends upon the reflex reactions from chemo- and baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch. Building on this theory, we established that reflex reactions of hemostatic system can arise not only from known receptor zones, but also originate from the vessels of kidney, liver, lung and other organs. D.M. Zubairov et al. in 1963 dispelled the myth of the non-wetting vascular endothelium, ostensibly to retain the liquid state of the blood. Later we have shown that the increase in the potential difference between the intima and adventitia increased regardless of primary or secondary hypercoagulability. Our data indicate that when the crash syndrome lymph fibrinolysis is 23 times faster compared to the blood, which indicates a better adaptability against thrombosis. We have established the proof for the role of hemostatic system as a cellular regulator of the functional activity and survival. Pathological conditions associated with significant increase in the coagulation process, may not only lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation but also blood, extracellular fluid and cytoplasm of cells coagulation - a syndrome of intra- and extravasal coagulation. To date we can not tell the threshold determining when the hemostasis system is a cell regulator and when «executioner». Development of D.M. Zubairov ideas have led to new concepts of the «continuous liquid coagulation», «common transport system of the body», which helped to produce effective prophylactic and therapeutic methods for a significant umber of life threatening conditions.
Verbalizator dobry/ dobro as the representant of interpersonal relationships in the text ... "About Russia in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich”
Authors: Shchemelinina I.N.
Published: October 2015

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Verbalizator dobry/ dobro as the representant of interpersonal relationships in the text ... "About Russia in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich".
An Investigation into the Impact of International Trade in the Growth of Nigeria’s Economy
Authors: Owolabi-Merus O. , Odediran O.K. , Inuk U.E.
Published: October 2015

International trade has become an inevitable activity in today’s world. A country such as Nigeria generates a substantial portion of its revenue through the exportation of oil and agricultural produce. Likewise, through importation the country is able to satisfy the domestic needs for mechanised and technological products which it lacks the capacity and technical know-how to produce. It is based on this premise that this study conducts an investigation into the impact that international trade (through import and export channels) has on Nigeria’s economy. Through the Johansen Cointegration test on data from 1971 to 2012, this study finds a long run relationship existing between international trade and economic growth in Nigeria. The Ordinary Least Square results suggest that export is positively associated with economic growth while imports connotes otherwise. The Granger causality test finds a unidirectional causation running from GDP to Import. However, the test failed to find a mutual correlation between Export and economic growth. This study therefore suggests that export promotion strategies should be put in place in order to encourage local farmers and producers to increase production which in turn will stimulate exports and enhance economic prosperity in Nigeria.
Measuring the Productivity of Capital in the Industrial Sector of Sistan and Baloochestan State, Iran
Authors: Rahbar Farhad , Sargolzaei Mostafa , Khalighi Faramarz , Roshanro Mohammad
Published: October 2015

This working paper strives to measure analyze and the productivity of capital in the industrial sector in the case of the State of Sistan and Baloochestan over the period 1982-2009. Three production functions (Debertin, Cobb-Douglas and Transcendental logarithm (Translog)) are estimated by relevant variables such as labor, capital and GDP. Akaike, Schwarz information criteria and LR test indicate that the Cobb-Douglas model should be preferred. In order to avoid a spurious regressing Johansen test detects a cointegration. According to this detection the cointegration term (-0.46) indicates that the deviation from long-run equilibrium is rectified gradually through a series of partial short term adjustments after or so two years.The results of this function reveal that there's been a diminishing trend in productivity of capital since 1982.So it demonstrates the lack of attention to capital productivity. Thus we can conclude that Sistan suffers from the absence of comprehensive strategy and segregation between trade and production policies.
The Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Conditions, Severe Storms Zab Basin in Iran (A Case Study of Cut off Low Synoptic Pattern)
Authors: Parvin Nader , Asheri Emam Ali , Mesgari Ebrahim , Ahmadi Abdolla
Published: October 2015

Atmospheric circulation patterns is the most important method of identification of environmental change that, it is useful For purposes such as weather forecasting, predict natural events (air pollution, floods, drought, etc). The aim of this study is to analyze the synoptic conditions of severe storms is Zab basin. Daily data of wind speed over the period 1364/01/01 to 1390/12/29 of three synoptic stations was taken from the department of meteorology. Given the scale of temporal and spatial distribution, wind speed and comprehensiveness of the three threshold size and calculate the 90th percentile wind speed, 40 days pervasive and severe storms were selected. Sea level pressure data on the network with a size 5.2°*5.2° that was located on Cornell 0-80 degrees east longitude and 0-80 degrees northern latitude from the database NCEP/NCAR were extracted. Matrix was formed in the dimensions of 40*864 with storm was on the rows and elevation data middle levels of the atmosphere, was on the columns. A principal component analysis was performed on data matrix elevation and six factors were identified that about 97.4% of the Pressure elevation changes of 500hp level was explained. To identify synoptic patterns, cluster analysis integration "ward's" was performed on these components.The results showed that, Cut off low synoptic pattern of the upper atmosphere with an abundance of 47.5% in May and December had the highest frequency. Irregularities in the movement and position of the polar vortex caused the jet stream and storm paths meridional winds greater control and troughs are driven towards the low latitudes deeper. As a result, the pressure gradient and energy exchange at its maximum reached compression Isobaric lines and Strong winds in the catchment area level has been created. All patterns are identified for the winds mainly from the west and southwest.
Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Vieira David Brandão
Published: October 2015

Ficha Catalográfica
Efficacy testing of in vitro diazotrophic activity of Acinetobacter on the field growth of soybean
Authors: Bhawsar S. D. , Patil S. D.
Published: October 2015

Nitrogenase enzyme activity as a measure of nitrogen fixation by Acinetobacter genospecies3 A15 was found to be 49.56 μmoles ethylene/96h at 28°C. Efficacy testing of diazotrophic A15 inoculum for growth promotion at field I showed early germination, podding and flowering, increased post harvest parameters, freedom from weeds and diseases but complete absence of nitrogen fixing root nodules. The control plants were infected with mildew, stem rot and blights causing 36% mortality. The average yield of inoculated soybean was 12% over control. At field II, inoculated plants were poorly nodulated without indication of promotion of growth parameters or yield unlike control.
Population dynamics of sucking insect pests of cotton and its correlation with abiotic factors
Authors: Kalkal Deepika , Lal Roshan , Dahiya K. K. , Singh Maan , Kumar Ankit
Published: October 2015

The research was conducted during kharif seasons of 2008 and 2009. Nineteen genotypes comprising of seventeen Bt hybrids, one conventional hybrid and one variety were evaluated for their reaction to sucking insect pests, under unsprayed condition. Observations on sucking pests were recorded at weekly intervals. The highest population of leaf hopper was recorded during 28th and 32nd standard weeks. The highest mean incidence was recorded in H-1226. Whitefly population remained below economic threshold level (ETL) during 2008 while during 2009 it crossed ETL in RCH 134 BG-II (6.00-6.23 adults/leaf). Mean highest population was recorded in IT-905 Bt and RCH-134 BG-II. Leafhopper and whitefly population were significantly and positively correlated with temperature while negatively correlated with rainfall. Among the genotypes, it was observed that there was no significant difference in population of the sucking pests.
Influence of environmental factors on the biology of tamarind bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) on groundnut
Authors: Sujatha P. , Rao A. Ganeswara , Vardhani B. P. , Radhika K. , Rahman S. J.
Published: October 2015

A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the influence of seasonal variations on the life stages of Caryedon serratus under ambient storage conditions both on the pods as well as kernels of groundnut for the efficient management of this pest throughout the year. The variations in the duration of each stage was correlated with the environmental factors like temperature and relative humidity. The January-February months, with 26.76°C maximum and 24.63°C minimum temperatures and 76.00% relative humidity recorded maximum durations for egg (14.60 days), larva (49.00 days), pupa (15.00 days) and adult longevity (21.60 days). Higher per cent of egg viability (58.80), larval survival (56.80) and adult emergence (86.60) were recorded during September-October during which lowest relative humidities (73.11% and 71.40%, at 7 am and 2 pm, respectively) were recorded. November-December recorded higher fecundity (29.20 eggs female-1) when the minimum temperature was lowest (22.66°C). The period from September to February with 30.73-26.76°C and 22.66-25.75°C, maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively and 71.40-76.00% relative humidity was found to be most optimum and congenial for the bruchid growth and development. These findings revealed that proper control strategies could be planned for the management of Caryedon serratus from September to February to avoid post harvest losses in stored groundnut.
Engineering properties of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsitum L.)
Authors: Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Sandhya
Published: October 2015

Different physical and thermal properties of chaffed and ground cotton stalks were evaluated. The moisture content of chaffed and ground cotton stalk was 10.01 and 12.31% respectively. The size of chaffed cotton stalk was 40.3 mm, whereas the equivalent diameter of chaffed and ground cotton stalk was estimated as 30.5 and 4.5 mm respectively. The mean value of bulk density of chaffed and ground cotton stalks was 206.16 and 217.30 kg/m3, whereas true density varied between 727.70 and 313.60 kg/m3. The porosity of chaffed cotton stalks was estimated to be greater than ground cotton stalks. Angles of repose for chaffed and ground cotton stalks were 43.18 and 34.35o respectively. The coefficient of internal friction for ground cotton stalks was 0.85, whereas coefficient of external friction for chaffed and ground cotton stalks was estimated to be 0.54 and 0 .68 respectively. The calorific value of chaffed and ground cotton stalks came out to be 16.70, 16.79MJ/kg respectively. Ash content of both chaffed and ground cotton stalks were almost same i.e. 6.93 and 6.87 % respectively.
Evaluation of some insecticides against pigeonpea pod fly Melanagromyza obtusa Mall
Authors: Pathade Mahesh P. , Salunke Pankaj B. , Borkar S. L.
Published: October 2015

The present investigation was conducted during kharif 2011-12 on field of Department of Agricultural Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experiment was planned in randomized block design with gross plot size 4.2 x 4.4 m2 and net plot size 3.0 x 4.0 m2 with twelve treatments replicated thrice with the object to study the effect of some insecticides against pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtuse. In evaluation studyten treatments were tested against pod fly, Melanagromyza obtuse. on pigeonpea. The result revealed that treatment Deltamethrin 1 EC + Triazophos 35 EC emerged as the most effective treatment against M. obtusa in minimizing the damage to green and drypods as well as grains. Thiaclopride 21.7 SC and Profenophos 50 EC were found significantly effective in minimizing the cumulative mean per cent infestation of pod flyof pigeonpea. These findings indicate that the pigeonpea crop required two sprays of newer insecticides from pod initiation stage at 15 days interval for the management of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa.
Growth, phenology and thermal indices of mungbean as influenced by sowing time, varieties and planting geometry
Authors: Singh Harinder , Singh Guriqbal
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 to assess the effects of sowing time (1, 10, 20, and 30 July) and planting geometry (30 cm × 10 cm and 22.5 cm × 10 cm) on the growth, phenology and thermal indices of mungbean varieties (PAU 911 and ML 818). The crop sown on 1 July recorded higher plant height and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and required higher thermal indices viz. accumulated growing degree days (AGDD), accumulated photothermal units (APTU) and accumulated heliothermal units (AHTU) to complete various phenological stages as compared to all other sowing times. Mungbean variety PAU 911 took lesser days to complete various phenological stages and required lesser AGDD, AHTU and APTU as compared to ML 818. Plants in planting geometry of 30 cm ×10 cm recorded significantly higher DMA and attained significantly higher AGDD, AHTU and APTU as compared to in 22.5 cm ×10 cm geometry.
What Actually Controls SRV? Three Concepts to Debate a Stimulation or Stimulate a Debate!
Authors: Stephenson B. , Cartwright J. , Hooker J. , Hnat J.
Published: October 2015

It is generally believed that creating a Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) is a good thing. Completion engineers talk about creating complexity, geologists talk about stimulating a natural fracture network, geomechanicists highlight the importance of low stress anisotropy. But how much do these concepts matter and can we actually do anything about them, or do we get what we're given?

A review of producing formations from plays across North America shows that there are three primary types of sub-surface heterogeneity at the length-scale of a well-bore that should be considered together as controls on SRV: natural fractures, bedding (layering) anisotropy and stress changes. Typically bedding and stress variability are over-looked as SRV controls. The impact of each form of heterogeneity on SRV depends more on the magnitude of the change rather than the existence of the heterogeneity within the rock.

Natural fractures may contribute to a SRV where there is a geometrically-connected network in the presence of low horizontal stress anisotropy, however the contribution would be mostly unpropped conductivity. A low horizontal stress anisotropy alone, without natural fractures, is not likely to enhance a SRV because the most stress-anisotropic lithology may not be the optimal landing zone for a lateral. Bedding anisotropy (e.g. fine-scale layering, or laminations) and vertical stress changes can be the source of fracture initiation and propagation problems, and may cause an "apparent SRV" in some plays, when treating pressure is close to, but not necessarily exceeding overburden.

After a critical assessment of each control, in the form of a debate, it is concluded that if a rock has the potential for a SRV to be generated, as indicated from microseismic, then; a) not every type of complexity necessarily creates value, b) it is difficult to optimize the conductivity within an SRV, and c) it is possible to severely limit the SRV potential of a rock by not accounting for the three main sub-surface controls, together.
A Simulation Approach to Modelling and Understanding Fracture Geometry with Respect to Well Spacing in Multi Well Pads in the Duvernay – A Case Study
Authors: Ramanathan V. , Boskovic D. , Zhmodik A. , Li Q. , Ansarizadeh M. , Perez Michi O. , Garcia G.
Published: October 2015

Hydraulic fracturing in multi stage horizontal unconventional wells is perhaps one of the most important if not the most important in the drilling and completion cycle of these wells. It's also the most applied technique repeatedly in multiple formations throughout the world and yet the question that looms large over us, do we understand the fracture geometry in these unconventional environments. Year on year most unconventional formations seem to fall in line with the industry trend of increasing lateral lengths and pumping more stages to improve production and recovery. Again, we need to ask ourselves if this is sustainable. Introspection of data available from public data seems to indicate that a significant chunk of these wells buck the trend of increased lateral lengths and stages and we still continue to apply these techniques especially in a price sensitive oil market. What if we could challenge this paradigm through a systematic engineering process that could relate the impact of fracture geometry and well spacing? We selected one of the up and coming plays in Canada that is on the road to development called the Duvernay.

The Duvernay Formation is a unit of the Woodbend Group and is considered as the source rock for prolific reservoirs such as the Leduc reefs. Duvernay formation holds an estimated 443 trillion cubic feet of gas and 61.7 billion barrels of oil.

This paper is an attempt to model and understand complex hydraulic fractures in a multi well pad environment coupled with production modelling to understand drainage patterns. Public data from the IHS database was used to construct and build a geocellular model and wells that had petrophysical and geomechanical data were used to build a representative well pad model. Using the model built complex fractures using the unconventional fracture models were simulated in a multi well pad environment. Impact on reservoir drainage has been assessed with various simulations by changing different parameters with respect to hydraulic fracturing. The results of these various simulations are presented in the paper and these simulations act as a tool to understand when possible interference may occur in these pads. Spacing of wells and frac sizes can be adjusted to minimize competitive drainage between wells.
Designing an Optimized Surfactant Flood in the Bakken
Authors: Dawson Matthew , Nguyen Duy , Champion Nalco , Li Huina
Published: October 2015

The Bakken is one of the most prolific plays in North America, but even with the deployment of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, anticipated recovery factors under primary depletion are usually in the range of 10% to 20%. Waterflooding has been a nearly ubiquitously deployed technology in conventional reservoirs to enhance recovery beyond primary depletion. However, the Bakken's ultra-tight, largely oil-wet nature limits the potential of waterflooding. Moreover, the challenges associated with sweep after the formation has been hydraulically stimulated must also be overcome. To address these challenges an optimally-spaced well to well surfactant flooding technology is proposed. Optimal well spacing, from a flooding perspective, can mitigate rapid breakthrough while minimizing the distance through the matrix that the injection fluid must travel. An optimally designed chemical system can enhance imbibition rates and favorably alter wettability to enable economic recovery. Moreover, environmental and community benefits can be realized by utilizing abundant produced water to operate a surfactant flooding process in the Bakken.

This paper discusses a comprehensive experimental program exploring the potential of surfactant flooding in the Bakken along with a field communication study and corresponding scaled-up, well-to-well flooding models for an optimized surfactant flooding process. Results from the experimental program are provided which showcase the potential of advanced chemical systems. A brief overview of a core-scale natural fracture study and field-scale well-to-well communication study is provided. Lastly, up-scaled models, showing the potential societal and economic benefits that can be attained from an optimally designed surfactant flood, are presented.
Multi-Scale Rock Characterization and Modeling for Surfactant EOR in the Bakken
Authors: Li Huina , Dawson Matthew , Standnes Dag Chun
Published: October 2015

Low primary recovery factors in ultratight unconventional reservoirs such as the Bakken, usually in the range of 5-15%, present a potential opportunity for developing effective and economic Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. Identified as one of the leading EOR methods for the Bakken, surfactant injection has shown good potential in the laboratory due to its capability to alter wettability, lower interfacial tension (IFT), and reduce residual oil saturation. However, successful implementation of surfactant EOR requires in-depth characterization of the rock-fluid system at multiple scales, ranging from pore scale, to core scale, to field scale. This paper presents a comprehensive study that systematically characterizes Bakken rock properties at the pore scale and the core scale, with the goal of understanding the impact of the pore structure and static and dynamic rock properties on the EOR potential for surfactant injection.

At the pore scale, high-resolution 3D X-ray microtomography (microCT) imaging was acquired to evaluate microstructure, interconnected porosity, and fluid distribution. Fluid saturation mapping, before and after surfactant Spontaneous Imbibition (SI), provides fundamental insights into pore-scale recovery efficiency.

At the core scale, techniques for measuring static rock properties, including porosity, permeability, and saturation in the Middle Bakken, are reviewed, with a particular focus on measuring matrix permeability across a broad range of values. Fluid properties critical to surfactant injection, such as water salinity and oil polarity, are also discussed. Results from SI experiments are presented with the goal of evaluating imbibition rate and oil recovery with proper scaling. To address the challenges of measuring dynamic rock properties such as imbibition capillary pressure and relative permeability, a plug-scale simulation model was used to history match the laboratory experiment and derive dynamic rock properties that govern the recovery process. The calibrated model was used to address plug-scale recovery efficiency and evaluate recovery uncertainty range, providing fundamental flow characteristics that can be incorporated into upscaled field-scale studies.
Articulating Rotational Mast Improves Operational Efficiency for Coiled Tubing Operations on Multi-Well Pads
Authors: Sato Kris , Edillon Lemuel
Published: October 2015

An increase in multi-well pad drilling in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) has created a need for reducing the transition time between wells (TBW) associated with servicing multiple wells on a pad with coiled tubing (CT). Reducing TBW current CT operations - utilizing a conventional crane to suspend the CT injector - is becoming a challenge as the crane and CT equipment spread is already streamlined in efficiency. However, a new piece of equipment has been developed to replace a conventional crane: The Articulating Rotational Mast (ARM). The introduction of the ARM on a conventional CT spread was designed to improve safety and increase efficiency by reducing the overall TBW on multi-well pads.