bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Tumor-Derived CCL5 Recruits Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dunbar Karen J. , Karakasheva Tatiana A. , Tang Qiaosi , Efe Gizem , Lin Eric W. , Harris Michael , Sahu Varun , Sachdeva Uma M. , Hu Jianhua , Klein-Szanto Andres J. , Henick Brian , Diehl J. Alan , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Rustgi Anil K.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Our objective was to identify secreted factor(s) that mediate the communication between CAFs and ESCC tumor cells with the aim of identifying potential druggable targets. Through unbiased cytokine arrays, we have identified CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as a secreted factor that is increased upon co-culture of ESCC cells and CAFs, which we replicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) with CAFs. Loss of tumor-cell-derived CCL5 reduces ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and we propose this is mediated, in part, by a reduction in ERK1/2 signaling. Loss of tumor-derived CCL5 reduces the percentage of CAFs recruited to xenograft tumors in vivo. CCL5 is a ligand for the CC motif receptor 5 (CCR5), for which a clinically approved inhibitor exists, namely Maraviroc. Maraviroc treatment reduced tumor volume, CAF recruitment, and ERK1/2 signaling in vivo, thus, mimicking the effects observed with genetic loss of CCL5. High CCL5 or CCR5 expression is associated with worse prognosis in low-grade esophageal carcinomas.
Implications:
These data highlight the role of CCL5 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of targeting the CCL5–CCR5 axis in ESCC.
Data from Reallocating Cervical Cancer Preventive Service Spending from Low- to High-Value Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Rockwell Michelle S. , Armbruster Shannon D. , Capucao Jillian C. , Russell Kyle B. , Rockwell John A. , Perkins Karen E. , Huffstetler Alison N. , Mafi John N. , Fendrick A. Mark
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Timely follow-up care after an abnormal cervical cancer screening test result is critical to the prevention and early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The current inadequate and inequitable delivery of these potentially life-saving services is attributed to several factors, including patient out-of-pocket costs. Waiving of consumer cost-sharing for follow-up testing (e.g., colposcopy and related cervical services) is likely to improve access and uptake, especially among underserved populations. One approach to defray the incremental costs of providing more generous coverage for follow-up testing is reducing expenditures on “low-value” cervical cancer screening services. To explore the potential fiscal implications of a policy that redirects cervical cancer screening resources from potentially low- to high-value clinical scenarios, we analyzed 2019 claims from the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database to quantify (i) total spending on low-value cervical cancer screening and (ii) out-of-pocket costs associated with colposcopy and related cervical services among commercially insured Virginians. In a cohort of 1,806,921 female patients (ages 48.1 ± 24.8 years), 295,193 claims for cervical cancer screening were reported, 100,567 (34.0%) of which were determined to be low-value ($4,394,361 total; $4,172,777 for payers and $221,584 out-of-pocket [$2/patient]). Claims for 52,369 colposcopy and related cervical services were reported ($40,994,016 total; $33,457,518 for payers and $7,536,498 out-of-pocket [$144/patient]). These findings suggest that reallocating savings incurred from unnecessary spending to fund more generous coverage of necessary follow-up care is a feasible approach to enhancing cervical cancer prevention equity and outcomes.
Prevention Relevance:
Out-of-pocket fees are a barrier to follow-up care after an abnormal cervical cancer screening test. Among commercially insured Virginians, out-of-pocket costs for follow-up services averaged $144/patient; 34% of cervical cancer screenings were classified as low value. Reallocating low-value cervical cancer screening expenditures to enhance coverage for follow-up care can improve screening outcomes.

See related Spotlight, p. 363
Avoiding Low-Value Care and Patient Financial Harm in Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Sawaya George F. , Dorismond Vanessa G.
Published: July 2023

The provision of low-value care remains a significant concern in healthcare. The negative impacts resulting from low-value cervical cancer screenings are extensive at the population level and can lead to harms and substantial out-of-pocket expenses for patients. Inattention to the financial implications of screening poses a serious threat to low-income populations that depend on affordable screening services, and it may exacerbate existing healthcare disparities and inequities. Identifying and implementing strategies that promote high-value care and reduce patient out-of-pocket expenses are important to ensure that all people, regardless of their socioeconomic status, have access to effective and affordable preventive care.

See related article by Rockwell et al., p. 385
Data from mWTX-330, an IL-12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Nirschl Christopher J. , Brodkin Heather R. , Domonkos Celesztina , Dwyer Connor J. , Hicklin Daniel J. , Ismail Nesreen , Seidel-Dugan Cynthia , Steiner Philipp , Steuert Zoe , Sullivan Jenna M. , Winston William M. , Salmeron Andres
Published: July 2023

Abstract
IL-12 is a pleotropic inflammatory cytokine, which has broad stimulatory effects on various immune cell populations, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However, despite generating robust antitumor activity in syngeneic murine tumor models, clinical administration of IL-12 has been limited by severe toxicity. mWTX-330 is a selectively inducible INDUKINE molecule comprised of a half-life extension domain and an inactivation domain linked to chimeric IL-12 by tumor protease–sensitive linkers. Systemic administration of mWTX-330 in mice was well tolerated, resulted in robust antitumor immunity in multiple tumor models, and preferentially activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells rather than immune cells present in peripheral tissues. Antitumor activity was dependent on in vivo processing of the protease cleavable linkers and required CD8+ T cells for full efficacy. Within the tumor, mWTX-330 increased the frequency of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC), activated natural killer (NK) cells, skewed conventional CD4+ T cells toward a T helper 1 (TH1) phenotype, drove regulatory T cells (Treg) fragility, and increased the frequency of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells. mWTX-330 treatment also increased the clonality of tumor-infiltrating T cells by expanding underrepresented T-cell receptor (TCR) clones, drove CD8+ T and NK cells towards increased mitochondrial respiration and fitness, and decreased the frequency of TOX+ exhausted CD8+ T cells within the tumor. A fully human version of this INDUKINE molecule was stable in human serum, was reliably and selectively processed by human tumor samples, and is currently in clinical development.
Data from Single-Cell Profiling of CD8+ T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals a Continuous Spectrum of Differentiation and Clonal Hyperexpansion
Authors: Desai Poonam N. , Wang Bofei , Fonseca Andre , Borges Pamella , Jelloul Fatima Zahra , Reville Patrick K. , Lee Eric , Ly Christopher , Basi Akshay , Root Jessica , Baran Natalia , Post Sean M. , Deng Qing , Sun Hanxiao , Harmanci Arif O. , Burks Jared K. , Gomez Javier A. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Daver Naval G. , Alatrash Gheath , Konopleva Marina , Green Michael R. , Antunes Dinler A. , Futreal Andrew , Hao Dapeng , Abbas Hussein A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Comprehensive investigation of CD8+ T cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is essential for developing immunotherapeutic strategies beyond immune checkpoint blockade. Herein, we performed single-cell RNA profiling of CD8+ T cells from 3 healthy bone marrow donors and 23 newly diagnosed (NewlyDx) and 8 relapsed/refractory (RelRef) patients with AML. Cells coexpressing canonical exhaustion markers formed a cluster constituting <1% of all CD8+ T cells. We identified two effector CD8+ T-cell subsets characterized by distinct cytokine and metabolic profiles that were differentially enriched in NewlyDx and RelRef patients. We refined a 25-gene CD8-derived signature correlating with therapy resistance, including genes associated with activation, chemoresistance, and terminal differentiation. Pseudotemporal trajectory analysis supported enrichment of a terminally differentiated state in CD8+ T cells with high CD8-derived signature expression at relapse or refractory disease. Higher expression of the 25-gene CD8 AML signature correlated with poorer outcomes in previously untreated patients with AML, suggesting that the bona fide state of CD8+ T cells and their degree of differentiation are clinically relevant. Immune clonotype tracking revealed more phenotypic transitions in CD8 clonotypes in NewlyDx than in RelRef patients. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells from RelRef patients had a higher degree of clonal hyperexpansion associated with terminal differentiation and higher CD8-derived signature expression. Clonotype-derived antigen prediction revealed that most previously unreported clonotypes were patient-specific, suggesting significant heterogeneity in AML immunogenicity. Thus, immunologic reconstitution in AML is likely to be most successful at earlier disease stages when CD8+ T cells are less differentiated and have greater capacity for clonotype transitions.
Data from Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Guenther Kerstin , Andersson Borje S. , Mendrzyk Regina , Alpert Amir , Wagner Claudia , Nowak Anna , Aslan Katrin , Satelli Arun , Richter Fabian , Kuttruff-Coqui Sabrina , Schoor Oliver , Fritsche Jens , Coughlin Zoe , Mohamed Ali S. , Sieger Kerry , Norris Becky , Ort Rita , Beck Jennifer , Vo Henry Hiep , Hoffgaard Franziska , Ruh Manuel , Backert Linus , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Fuhrmann David , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Morris Van Karlyle , Kee Bryan K. , Halperin Daniel M. , Nogueras-Gonzalez Graciela M. , Kebriaei Partow , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Vining David , Hwu Patrick , Singh Harpreet , Reinhardt Carsten , Britten Cedrik M. , Hilf Norbert , Weinschenk Toni , Maurer Dominik , Walter Steffen
Published: July 2023

Abstract
IMA101 is an actively personalized, multi-targeted adoptive cell therapy (ACT), whereby autologous T cells are directed against multiple novel defined peptide-HLA (pHLA) cancer targets. HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors expressing ≥1 of 8 predefined targets underwent leukapheresis. Endogenous T cells specific for up to 4 targets were primed and expanded in vitro. Patients received lymphodepletion (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide), followed by T-cell infusion and low-dose IL2 (Cohort 1). Patients in Cohort 2 received atezolizumab for up to 1 year (NCT02876510). Overall, 214 patients were screened, 15 received lymphodepletion (13 women, 2 men; median age, 44 years), and 14 were treated with T-cell products. IMA101 treatment was feasible and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (Grade 1, n = 6; Grade 2, n = 4) and expected cytopenias. No patient died during the first 100 days after T-cell therapy. No neurotoxicity was observed. No objective responses were noted. Prolonged disease stabilization was noted in three patients lasting for 13.7, 12.9, and 7.3 months. High frequencies of target-specific T cells (up to 78.7% of CD8+ cells) were detected in the blood of treated patients, persisted for >1 year, and were detectable in posttreatment tumor tissue. Individual T-cell receptors (TCR) contained in T-cell products exhibited broad variation in TCR avidity, with the majority being low avidity. High-avidity TCRs were identified in some patients’ products. This study demonstrates the feasibility and tolerability of an actively personalized ACT directed to multiple defined pHLA cancer targets. Results warrant further evaluation of multi-target ACT approaches using potent high-avidity TCRs.

See related Spotlight by Uslu and June, p. 865
Abnormal wiring of the structural connectome in adults with ADHD
Authors: Tolonen Tuija , Roine Timo , Alho Kimmo , Leppämäki Sami , Tani Pekka , Koski Anniina , Laine Matti , Salmi Juha
Published: July 2023

Current knowledge of white matter changes in large-scale brain networks in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is scarce. We collected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in 40 adults with ADHD and 36 neurotypical controls and used constrained spherical deconvolution–based tractography to reconstruct whole-brain structural connectivity networks. We used network-based statistic (NBS) and graph theoretical analysis to investigate differences in these networks between the ADHD and control groups, as well as associations between structural connectivity and ADHD symptoms assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale or performance in the Conners Continuous Performance Test 2 (CPT-2). NBS revealed decreased connectivity in the ADHD group compared to the neurotypical controls in widespread unilateral networks, which included subcortical and corticocortical structures and encompassed dorsal and ventral attention networks and visual and somatomotor systems. Furthermore, hypoconnectivity in a predominantly left-frontal network was associated with higher amount of commission errors in CPT-2. Graph theoretical analysis did not reveal topological differences between the groups or associations between topological properties and ADHD symptoms or task performance. Our results suggest that abnormal structural wiring of the brain in adult ADHD is manifested as widespread intrahemispheric hypoconnectivity in networks previously associated with ADHD in functional neuroimaging studies.
How Much Do Language Models Copy From Their Training Data? Evaluating Linguistic Novelty in Text Generation Using RAVEN
Authors: McCoy R. Thomas , Smolensky Paul , Linzen Tal , Gao Jianfeng , Celikyilmaz Asli
Published: July 2023

Current language models can generate high-quality text. Are they simply copying text they have seen before, or have they learned generalizable linguistic abstractions? To tease apart these possibilities, we introduce RAVEN, a suite of analyses for assessing the novelty of generated text, focusing on sequential structure (n-grams) and syntactic structure. We apply these analyses to four neural language models trained on English (an LSTM, a Transformer, Transformer-XL, and GPT-2). For local structure—e.g., individual dependencies—text generated with a standard sampling scheme is substantially less novel than our baseline of human-generated text from each model’s test set. For larger-scale structure—e.g., overall sentence structure—model-generated text is as novel or even more novel than the human-generated baseline, but models still sometimes copy substantially, in some cases duplicating passages over 1,000 words long from the training set. We also perform extensive manual analysis, finding evidence that GPT-2 uses both compositional and analogical generalization mechanisms and showing that GPT-2’s novel text is usually well-formed morphologically and syntactically but has reasonably frequent semantic issues (e.g., being self-contradictory).
Supervised Gradual Machine Learning for Aspect-Term Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Chen Qun , Ahmed Murtadha H.M. , Chen Zhaoqiang , Su Jing , Pan Wei , Li Zhanhuai
Published: July 2023

Recent work has shown that Aspect-Term Sentiment Analysis (ATSA) can be effectively performed by Gradual Machine Learning (GML). However, the performance of the current unsupervised solution is limited by inaccurate and insufficient knowledge conveyance. In this paper, we propose a supervised GML approach for ATSA, which can effectively exploit labeled training data to improve knowledge conveyance. It leverages binary polarity relations between instances, which can be either similar or opposite, to enable supervised knowledge conveyance. Besides the explicit polarity relations indicated by discourse structures, it also separately supervises a polarity classification DNN and a binary Siamese network to extract implicit polarity relations. The proposed approach fulfills knowledge conveyance by modeling detected relations as binary features in a factor graph. Our extensive experiments on real benchmark data show that it achieves the state-of-the-art performance across all the test workloads. Our work demonstrates clearly that, in collaboration with DNN for feature extraction, GML outperforms pure DNN solutions.
Effect of Perceived Importance according to the Visual Image of Tropicalesque Flower Landscape on the Loyalty of Horticulture Majors and Workers in Related Fields
Authors: Jang Hye Sook , Suh Jung Nam , Kang Yun-Im , Seo Kyung Hye , Ahn Myung Suk
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the psychological effect of the visual image of tropicalesque flower landscape and the preference for plants, and the effect of the importance of plants on loyalty.Methods: A survey was conducted with 105 participants who attended a symposium on tropicalesque flower landscaping, and the results were analyzed.Results: As a result of comparatively analyzing the psychological indices of plants in terms of the level of gardening activity (3 factors such as gardening experience, plant preference tendency, and plant-related event) between horticulture majors and workers in related fields and general people, it was found that horticulture majors and workers in related fields showed a higher level of gardening activity than general people, with gardening experience particularly showing statistical significance (p < .05). Preference for ‘Pretoria’ was the highest among four varieties of Canna × generalis. Preference for mixed planting of tropicalesque and indoor foliage plants was highest among three types of tropicalesque flower landscape. Preference for tropicalesque flower landscape was highest in the 50s among all age groups, and in the group with an average monthly income of 4.01-5 million won, showing statistical significance. Among 6 factors of perceived importance of plants, esthetics and emotional relaxation for improved quality of life showed high scores in the survey measuring perceived importance of plants. As a result of conducting a regression analysis to examine the effect of the level of gardening activity, importance of plants, preference for tropicalesque flower landscape, and demographic variables (control variables) on loyalty, flower landscape preference was the most influential variable, followed by esthetics among the 6 factors of importance.Conclusion: These results suggest that by increasing the formation of tropicalesque flower landscape, a natural landscape that can reduce negative factors such as increased stress and depression since the COVID-19 pandemic, it will be possible to reduce fatigue caused by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and improve the quality of life for citizens.
Comparison of Growth and Leaf Color Quality of Mesembryanthemum cordifolium f. variegata as Affected by Shading Levels
Authors: Lee Jae Hwan , Nam Sang Yong
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: Mesembryanthemum cordifolium is a plant belonging to the Aizoaceae family and is native to South Africa and Namibia. As a CAM plant, M. cordifolium exhibits strong resistance to drought stress and can be utilized for the removal of soil salinity and heavy metals. Furthermore, it is an important medicinal crop with anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects. However, despite its potential benefits, research on the optimal growth environment for M. cordifolium remains scarce.Methods: Therefore, this study selected M. cordifolium f. variegata with high ornamental value as the experimental plant and compared the effects of different shading levels on the growth and leaf color quality of variegated baby sun rose (M. cordifolium f. variegata). Six shading levels (0, 35, 45, 60, 75, and 99%, respectively) were designed using polyethylene (PE) shading films.Results: The results showed that the shoot height, shoot width, dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD units) were highest under the 60% shading level, while leaf length, leaf width, and fresh weight were highest under the 75% shading level. On the other hand, growth was relatively lower under the 0% shading level, which suggests that M. cordifolium f. variegata prefers shade over direct sunlight. On the contrary, M. cordifolium f. variegata showed growth even under the 99% shading level, proving to have strong shade tolerance, but the leaf color quality was lowerst.Conclusion: In conclusion, to significantly increase the size and biomass of plants and improve leaf color quality when cultivating M. cordifolium f. variegata under shading treatment, it is recommended to cultivate it under 60-75% shading levels.
Analysis of Horticultural Activity Programs in Research Articles on Horticultural Therapy for Children in Korean Journals
Authors: Lee Suk Young , Jang Eu Jean , Kim Jongyun
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the current research trends in horticultural therapy for children by examining articles published in Korean journals over the past 20 years.Methods: A total of 76 experimental articles from 22 journals were analyzed to determine the publication status, horticultural activity programs, and plant species used in the programs.Results: The results showed that the Journal of People, Plants, and Environment (57.9%) and horticulture majors (43.4%) showed the biggest number of publications of articles related to horticultural therapy for children. Most horticultural activity programs for children consisted of 11 to 15 sessions (36.4%), held once a week (61.0%), and lasted for ten weeks or less (33.8%), with each session lasting 31 to 60 minutes (53.2%). Most programs had groups of ten or fewer participants (40.3%) and were conducted indoors (75.3%). Although the activities varied among journals and authors’ majors, arts and crafts activities (41.5%) were the most common type of horticultural activity program for children. The analysis of plant species used in horticultural activities for children revealed that flowers were the most frequently used (49.5%), followed by vegetables (19.4%). Regarding the types of plant usage, cut flowers (33.5%) and seedlings (33.1%) were most frequently used, which is because cut flowers were mostly used in arts and crafts, and seedlings in cultivation activities. However, 53.8% of the plant materials were not clearly identified in the articles, indicating a lack of consideration for the plant materials used. According to the analysis of the sources of plants used in the horticultural activities, over 80% of flowers and 60% of vegetables were obtained through purchase for the program.Conclusion: In conclusion, it is necessary to increase the ratio of plant cultivation and observation activities to preserve the essence of horticultural therapy, as well as to select suitable plant species and develop effective programs for horticultural therapy to bring various beneficial effects to children.
Analysis of Performance Factors According to the Operation of Care Farms
Authors: Hong In-Kyoung , Yoo Eun-Ha , Moon Ji-Won , Lee Sang-Mi , Jeong Sun-Jin
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to understand the current status and performance factors of domestic agricultural management in order to develop a business model that meets the needs of the times along with the newly emerging demand for agro-healingMethods: An online survey was conducted on 170 care farming business entities nationwide, and the collected data were frequency-coded using SPSS Ver.25. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to extract performance factors, and a reliability analysis was performed to verify internal consistency for each factor.Results: The factors that determine the performance of care farms, such as sales and profits, were classified into seven performance determinants (X1 to X7). Factor 1 was classified as one factor by grouping X2(excellence in use of animals/ plants), X6 (program excellence), X5(quality of facility), and X3 (size of facility) together, and Factor 2 was classified as one factor by grouping two items, X7 (governmental support) and X1(location) together, showing high internal consistency between all Cronbach’s α. The correlation between the factors determining care farm performance did not have statistically significant results between X7 (governmental support), X2 (excellence in use of animals/ plants), and X6 (excellence in program), but overall, there was a correlation between items that was statistically significant. A regression analysis was conducted to determine the variables affecting the performance factors of care farms, and at the 95% confidence level, both the location and sales of care farms were statistically significant.Conclusion: Care farms that provide care farming services were often operated on a small scale because they didn’t have a sufficient base of profit, with the exception of farms operated in connection with former rural education farms. In the future, it is considered for care farms necessary to utilize factors of regional differentiation, such as the locational environment and the characteristics of the region, or to link with multiple targets and institutions in the region.
A Study on Understanding Placeness and Immigrant-related Social Issues in Rural Areas and Determining the Overarching Characteristics
Authors: Kim Du-Won , Nam Jinvo , Jung Nam-Sik , Kim Jin-Hyen
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: The influx of foreign workers has also increased in South Korea over the past 20 years due to the global labour movement between countries and the labour shortage caused by the aging of South Korea. In the case of rural areas, the youth age group was insufficient, and the aging population was more serious, so the dependence on foreign manpower was inevitably higher. In rural areas through the influx of foreign workers, spaces reflecting their culture are emerging. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for resolving issues of overseas migrants by analysing recent Korean and foreign research trends and characteristics of overseas migrants in rural areas, with a focus on placeness.Methods: To address the aim this study utilised bibliometric analysis employing visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer program for overseas research collected from Scopus document search and Netminer program for South Korea research drawn from Korean Citation Index (KCI) database.Results: This study determined that first, since the 2000s, there has been an increase in related overseas research. However, there were only 382 studies covering all of ‘place,’ ‘immigrant,’ and ‘rural,’ and the number was even lower in South Korea. Second, in research on overseas immigrants in rural areas based on place, community and health were identified as major issues. Third, the difference in research issues between overseas and South Korea was analysed by the degree of community and the approach to health issues. As a result, this study concluded that social inclusion should be addressed first through community and health issues.Conclusion: Through research characteristics related to ‘place’, ‘immigrant’ and ‘rural’ at home and abroad, the placeness of overseas immigrants in rural areas has brought up issues of community and health. However, more importantly, concluding remark is that social consensus on social inclusion should be prioritised to contextualise these issues.
Disabilities in Higher Education: Beyond ‘Accommodation’
Authors: Zhou Ziqian
Published: July 2023

Institutions of higher learning have seen considerable improvements in opportunities for students with disabilities to participate and learn. Despite these improvements, challenges remain within this movement. Students with disabilities continue to face disadvantages as a result of ‘attitudinal barriers’ or discriminatory perceptions. This paper offers a diagnosis of such attitudinal barriers and proposes a correction in the form of what disability scholars christen the ‘social model’ of disability. This research ends with several implications that will be relevant to university administrators, staff and teaching faculty in their attempt to promote greater inclusion.
Plant collecting in Mozambique from 1900 to 1929: collectors, collections, herbaria, and why this period was considered to have been unproductive
Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: July 2023

The collecting of botanical specimens in Mozambique for depositing in herbaria during the period from 1900 to 1929, i.e., up to the appointment of institutional collectors, such as António de Figueiredo Gomes e Sousa, is investigated. A comprehensive catalogue of collectors who were active in the country in the first ca. 30 years of the 20th century is provided. In addition, biographical information about the collectors and information regarding their activities, employment, collections, and herbaria where their collections are kept are catalogued. The analysis is presented in an historical context and we reflect on the reasons why this period has been referred to as having been “somewhat unproductive”.
Isotrema guangdongense (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Guangdong, South China
Authors: XU LIAN-SHENG , LI TIAN , XU YE-CHUN , CHEN YOU-SHENG
Published: July 2023

Isotrema guangdongense (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, South China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to I. kwangsiense in its habit, cordate leaves, and yellow throat of calyx tube. However, it differs from the latter by its leaves puberulous or glabrous adaxially, abaxially densely villous (vs. both surfaces moderately to densely hirsute), flower usually solitary (vs. racemes 2–3 flowered), pedicel 4–7 cm long (vs. pedicel 2.5–3.5 cm long), calyx abaxially whitish with purple-red stripes and yellow to brown villous (vs. yellowish, abaxially densely rusty hirsute), limb adaxially white with dense big purple spinous processes while abaxially pale white (vs. adaxially dark purple with dense big purple spinous processes while abaxially pale yellowish green), and throat of calyx limb ca. 10–17 mm in diam. (vs. 5–6 mm in diam.).
Orthoseira groenlandica sp. nov., a new aerophilic diatom (Orthoseirales, Bacillariophyta) species from Greenland
Authors: GOEYERS CHARLOTTE , KOCHMAN-KĘDZIORA NATALIA , VAN DE VIJVER BART
Published: July 2023

During the survey of the moss-inhabiting diatoms in samples from Greenland, an unknown Orthoseira taxon was observed that was originally identified as O. roeseana but differed from the recently published lectotype population of the latter. Comparison with all known Orthoseira taxa worldwide showed that the unknown taxon represented a new species that is described as O. groenlandica, sp. nov. based on detailed light and scanning electron microscopy. The combination of the unique, rather chaotic valve face and mantle surface ornamentation, the absence of caverns and marginal pore fields, the presence of robust, short spines, and the absence of chain-like colonies has not been observed so far in any known Orthoseira species. The morphology of the new species is discussed comparing it with the morphology of all other Orthoseira species worldwide by carefully analysing the different morphological features observed so far in members of the genus Orthoseira. Brief notes on the ecology of the sample where the new species was found are added.
Depression, Complicated Grief, and Suicide Ideation Following Bereavement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Drucker Adva , Levi-Belz Yossi , Hamdan Sami
Published: July 2023

Many people lost a relative during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a loss may have deleterious implications due to the circumstances of bereavement during lockdowns and social distancing. This study aimed to explore depressive symptoms, complicated grief, and suicidal ideation in the grieving process among 104 bereaved jewish adults who had lost relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic by completing self-reported questionnaires. The results indicate high suicidal ideation, complicated grief, and depression among them. Bereaved with suicidal ideation have an avoidant attachment and a close relationship with the deceased. These results highlight the adverse implication of COVID-19 on the grief process.
Living Apart Together (LAT): A New Family Form in Urban India
Authors: Gangopadhyay Jagriti
Published: July 2023

With the rise of globalisation, a considerable number of married couples are opting to live apart from each other post marriage. Several studies in the West have examined the concept of living apart together (LAT). However, this marriage arrangement has not received much attention in Indian scholarship. LAT is being adopted in both (arranged and love) forms of marriage systems in India. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to understand why this form of a marriage system is gaining prominence among educated urban couples in India. Using Anthony Giddens’s theory of pure relationships and relying on in-depth qualitative interviews, the study will highlight the formation of a new form of intimacy among couples practicing LAT. Finally, the study will demonstrate how the role of the family, changing gender norms and individual aspirations shape LAT in urban India.
Triaging cases of fever with vesicular rash relevant to the monkeypox epidemic
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Sachdeva Soumya , Narula Soumya , Gogate Siddharth
Published: July 2023

Fever with a vesicular rash is a common clinical scenario and monkeypox (MPX) characteristically presents as a fever with a vesiculopustular rash. The clinical morphology of MPX mimics many infectious and non-infectious disorders, and narrowing down the differentials of vesiculopustular rash necessitates thorough history taking and physical examination. The clinical evaluation involves the assessment of the primary skin lesions, sites of involvement, distribution, number and size of lesions, and pattern of progression of the rash, along with the onset of the rash relative to the occurrence of fever and other systemic signs. Common disorders which are close differentials include Varicella, Erythema Multiforme, enteroviral exanthems, and disseminated herpes simplex. Distinct clinical indicators of MPX include the presence of deep-seated umbilicated vesiculopustules, lymphadenopathy, involvement of the palms and soles, centrifugal spread, and genital involvement. We delineate and enlist features of common disorders presenting as vesiculopustular rash, which can help the clinician differentiate them from MPX.
Heart Failure Family Caregivers’ Perspectives of Physical Activity Engagement: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Baker Christina , Coats Heather , Jankowski Catherine M. , Baik Dawon
Published: July 2023

Research on caregiver burden and related psychological distress has been widely studied. However, little research has focused on perspectives and experiences of older family caregivers of persons with heart failure on engaging in physical exercise to improve their health and wellness. We investigated barriers and facilitators influencing physical activity engagement for older family caregivers of persons with heart failure through a qualitative descriptive study design utilizing participant interviews. The social cognitive theory framework guided the thematic analysis. Identified themes and subthemes that emerged were centered around the framework’s interrelated personal, environmental, and behavioral factors. Self-efficacy emerged as a central construct facilitating engagement in physical activity. The older family caregivers embraced technology for physical activity interventions more readily since the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged increased technology use. The age-related and caregiving barriers to physical activity found in this study highlight considerations for an older family caregiver and guide interventions for future family caregivers’ engagement.
Populist disruption and the fourth age of political communication
Authors: Sorensen Lone
Published: July 2023

This paper argues that understanding populism as a communicative process and contextualising its modern forms in relation to our current political communication environment improves our understanding of how it grips citizens. The paper identifies the disruptive communicative practices of modern populist politicians as characteristic of a digital media-dominated fourth age of political communication in extension of Blumler's account. It explores the reaction of the current wave of populism against institutional norms of political communication and its recognition and construction of a perceived disconnect between public representatives and citizens. The paper identifies three aspects of modern populist communication that, through this oppositional positioning, erode institutional communication in the fourth age: a populist pragmatics of disruptive symbolic action, an ontology that sees directness as the only means of breaching the divide between appearance and reality in politics, and an epistemological stance that replaces expertise with authenticity. These constitute an injection of grassroots communicative forms into institutional politics. The result is the exposition but also deepening of the lopsided efficacy of the fourth age whereby citizens feel inefficacious in relation to institutional politics but increasingly able to participate at a grassroots level.
How do mobility device users integrate their devices into occupational performance? A narrative literature review
Authors: Helle Tina , Brandt Åse , Larsen Stina Meyer
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Knowledge about how mobility devices are integrated into occupational performance is important to improve participation in daily life among users and assistive technology provision. This study aimed to identify and synthesise literature on how mobility device users integrate their devices into occupational performance.

Methods:

A narrative review was conducted with a systematic search in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SocINDEX for scientific, original, peer-reviewed journal publications in the English or Scandinavian languages. Following search terms were used: mobility devices, occupational performance and synonyms. Publications were screened and read, and data were extracted by two authors independently.

Results:

A total of 4088 hits led to the identification of six publications. Two categories were identified: (1) how mobility devices are integrated into occupational performance and (2) for what types of occupations beyond mobility are mobility devices used for; seven types were revealed.

Conclusion:

Mobility devices are integrated into occupations in unique ways to the individual users, shaping how occupations are performed and are used for different types of occupations beyond mobility. Since mobility device use is situational, it is suggested to investigate assistive technology use, applying a transactional perspective to improve assistive technology provision to increase fulfilment of users’ needs and preferences.
Potential new therapeutic targets: Association of microRNA with atherosclerotic plaque stability
Authors: Huang Pan
Published: July 2023

Cardiovascular disease represents a major threat to human health with vascular atherosclerosis contributing significantly to its cause, particularly due to the ease of rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. The stability of atherosclerotic plaques is influenced by a variety of factors, including intraplaque neovascularization, the inflammatory response, smooth muscle cells and macrophages, and core lipid volumes. Thus, the investigation of factors affecting the stability of atherosclerotic plaques is of great significance for the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. MicroRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs between 17 and 22 nucleotides in length. They are translated together with the untranslated region (UTR) of the target gene mRNA, where the completeness of base-pairing can influence the translation or degradation of the target genes. MicroRNAs can thus regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been demonstrated to be extensively involved in the regulation of various factors affecting plaque stability. In this paper, we review microRNA development, factors affecting atherosclerotic plaque stability, and the relationship between microRNAs and plaque stability, with the aim of describing the mechanisms by which microRNAs affect gene and protein expression in relation to atherosclerosis progression (including plaque rupture) to suggest new therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic disease.
Spatial Cognition Effects of IVE Teaching Resources on Red-Green Color Blindness
Authors: Wang Jun , Jin Shuaizhen , Zhong Zheng , Feng Sijia , Deng Yaxin , Li Ruining
Published: July 2023

Immersive Virtual Environments can provide users with a sense of spatial presence and experience. But learners with Color Vision Deficiency cannot receive information entirely in the environments because they are difficult to distinguish some or all colors. This study selects learners with red-green color blindness as the sample, and designs three kinds of barrier-free Teaching Resources based on a color scheme and color contrast to explore their impacts on spatial cognition and learning experience. The experimental results show that the Color Adjusted Teaching Resources has significant differences both in learning satisfaction and technology acceptance, and the Contrast Adjusted Teaching Resources performs an important role in improving spatial cognition and technology acceptance. In addition, the Color and Contrast Adjusted Teaching Resources is significantly different from the Color Adjusted Teaching Resources in spatial cognition. Therefore, the findings indicated that the barrier-free color scheme and higher contrast of Teaching Resources can significantly improve spatial cognition, learning satisfaction, and technology acceptance of learners with red-green color blindness. To some extent, the research results can contribute to the design of barrier-free Teaching Resources about red-green color blindness.
Rebuilding Public Housing in Regent Park: The Shifting Dynamics of Financialized Redevelopment Models
Authors: Brail Shauna , Lorinc John
Published: July 2023

This article examines the redevelopment of Toronto’s Regent Park, a neighborhood formerly comprised exclusively of public housing. Since 2006, it has been undergoing a transformation into a mixed income neighborhood. Through interviews and document analysis, the paper traces the complex and changing development agreements as redevelopment progresses, highlighting the state’s entrepreneurial efforts and the dynamic nature of urban planning and policy. We find that practices of financializing public land are highly fluid, and that efforts to derive public value from public housing redevelopment are tied to shifting community expectations regarding the return of benefits to residents.
Aluminium nodes for timber gridshells: Parametric detailing of node principles
Authors: Dyvik Steinar Hillersøy , Haakonsen Sverre Magnus , Luczkowski Marcin , Komiyama Yosuke
Published: July 2023

Gridshell nodes are key elements regarding structural performance, visual appearance and assembly of any gridshell that have been given little attention in recent research. This paper explores aluminium as a material for timber gridshell nodes. First, existing gridshell nodes are categorised regarding bulk materials, gripper types and connection methods and based on this, a set of novel node principles in aluminium are deducted and proposed for a timber gridshell on the geometry of the British Museum Great Court. A finite element analysis is done on the proposals to increase the understanding of the node principles’ structural behaviour and feasibility. Together, the set of node principles, their evaluation and the utilised procedure can provide new options in the future design of gridshells and gridshell nodes.
LQR force command planning–based sliding mode control for active suspension system
Authors: Zhao Zankui , Wang Chengwen , Zhao Junqi , Du Wei
Published: July 2023

In this article, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based sliding model control strategy was proposed for the commercial vehicle seat suspension system. First, the multiple degrees of freedom mechanical dynamics model of a quarter suspension system was built. Then, the LQR force command planner was designed based on mechanical dynamics to ensure driver comfort. Second, considering the mechanical dynamics augmented with hydraulic actuator dynamics, a proportional-integral sliding mode control strategy was developed to track the reference force, which was calculated by the LQR force command planner in real time. Taking the problems of noise disturbances and unavailable full states feedback into consideration, the Kalman filter and tracking differentiator were designed and integrated into the control algorithm. Finally, the quarter suspension AMESim model was built, and the proposed control strategy was implemented and verified in the AMESim-Matlab/Simulink co-simulation environment. Comprehensive simulations were carried out. The simulation results, both from time domain and frequency domain perspective, indicated that the seat ride comfort can be effectively improved with the proposed method.
Social Determinants of Health in Early Otologic and Audiologic Evaluation in an Interdisciplinary Cleft-Craniofacial Clinic
Authors: Awad Daniel R. , Jabbour Noel , Ford Matthew , McCoy Jennifer L. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E. , Shaffer Amber D.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Investigate associations between socioeconomic indicators of healthcare access with family compliance with cleft-related otologic and audiologic care within an interdisciplinary model.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Subjects and Setting

Children born 2005–2015 who presented to the Cleft-Craniofacial Clinic (CCC) at a quaternary care children's hospital.

Interventions

Associations between main outcome measures and Area Deprivation Index (ADI), median household income for zip code, distance from hospital, and insurance status were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measures

Cleft types, ages at presentation to outpatient clinic (cleft, otolaryngology, and audiology), and ages at procedures (first tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI), lip repair, and palatoplasty) were measured.

Results

Most patients were male (147/230, 64%) with cleft lip and palate (157/230, 68%). Median age at first cleft, otolaryngology, and audiology visits were 7 days, 86 days, and 5.9 months, respectively. Private insurance predicted lower no-show rates (p = .04). Age at first CCC visit was younger for patients with private insurance (p = .04) and older for those who lived further from the hospital (p = .002). Age at lip repair was positively correlated with national ADI (p = .03). However, no socioeconomic status (SES) proxy or proximity to hospital was associated with delays in first otolaryngology or audiology examination or TTI.

Conclusion

Once children become established within an interdisciplinary CCC, SES appears to bear little influence on cleft-related otologic and audiologic care. Future efforts should aim to elucidate which aspects of the interdisciplinary model maximize multisystem cleft care coordination and increase access for higher risk populations.