bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seguindo as pegadas de Sherlock Holmes: uma proposta de atividade investigativa utilizando novas tecnologias
Authors: Santos Souza Paulo Victor , Dos Santos Neto Fernando , Maximo-Pereira Marta
Published: April 2021

Repensar o papel das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) no ensino e refletir sobre a forma de se trabalhar assuntos da Cinemática no Ensino Médio são duas questões que estão colocadas para a pesquisa em Ensino de Física. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de atividade investigativa experimental que envolve o uso das TIC na elaboração de um modelo para o caminhar de uma pessoa. A questão que dá ensejo à atividade se baseia em um fragmento do livro “Um estudo em vermelho”, no qual o famoso personagem Sherlock Holmes fez sua estreia na literatura. Os dados do experimento são obtidos e tratados mediante o uso dos softwares livres Tracker e LibreOffice/Calc. Este artigo busca mostrar que as TIC podem fornecer uma importante contribuição à aprendizagem de conhecimentos e de práticas que caracterizam o fazer científico, desde que sejam utilizadas no contexto de atividades elaboradas para tais finalidades, sendo o ensino por investigação uma abordagem didática apropriada para isso.
Limbo legal en la aplicación del criterio de oportunidad. La mediación antes y durante el proceso penal
Authors: Vargas-Téllez Geormar
Published: April 2021

El proceso penal da inicio con la realización de la audiencia preliminar cuando el investigado esté privado de libertad y con la audiencia inicial con características de preliminar cuando el investigado esté en libertad (Nicaragua, Asamblea Nacional, Ley No.406, arts.254-265).
Las bases conceptuales de los derechos humanos: Hacia una teoría crítica
Authors: Gatti Franco
Published: April 2021

Los derechos humanos, como discurso de la dignidad humana, han sido históricamente identificados con la naturaleza humana y calificados como innatos, universales, imprescriptibles e inderogables. Sin embargo, las conquistas más sustanciosas de nuestros tiempos demuestran que solo desde una perspectiva crítica es posible desafiar a las estructuras teóricas tradicionales y conservadoras. En efecto, resulta imperioso colocar el énfasis en los necesarios debates que deben librarse alrededor del concepto y los fundamentos de los derechos humanos, incluso desde la propia óptica del Sistema Interamericano de Protección.
Análise dos recursos de organizações de base tecnológica pela ótica da Visão Baseada em Recursos: o caso do ecossistema de inovação de Minas Gerais
Authors: Aquino Rafael Vítor Gonçalves de , Da Silva Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Objective: this study aimed to analyze the innovation ecosystem of Minas Gerais, limited to incubators and accelerators, from the perspective of the Resource Based View, in order to promote a better understanding of the resources offered by accelerators and incubators in Minas Gerais, and how these organizations distinguish and complement each other.Methodology: the method of investigation in the research was the case study, in an exploratory-descriptive perspective, with a qualitative approach. The instruments of evidence collection were results from interviews with managers of the investigated organizations and analysis of documents.Originality: for delving into a point little explored in the literature, which is to evaluate the resources offered by business incubators and accelerators, from the perspective of the resource-based view, the study approaches in an innovative way how these resources overlap or complement each other.Results: the research found that both incubators and accelerators deliver valuable resources to assisted ventures, and these two actors in the innovation ecosystem complement each other positively in preparing new businesses for the market.Theoretical contributions: this article adds positively to the strategy and innovation literature, due to the unique approach of evaluating valuable resources offered by organizations that propel nascent ventures to success in their respective markets.Contributions to management: in possession of the results of this study, managers who make up innovation ecosystems, especially those of incubators and accelerators, can offer better resources directed to the profile of the assisted companies.
Achieving Equity: An Evaluation of a Multi-Component, Lower Division Student Success Program
Authors: Love Mary Beth , Ali Kased Rama , Kumari Malik Savita , Taylor Sherria D. , Legion Vicki , Graterol Celia , Shada Alycia , Previde Paul , Wirth Patricia
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an academic support program that aims to improve persistence and graduation for lower-division students who are low income, first generation, and/or underrepresented. Students were organized in 10 academies that serve as a “school within a school” and have three main elements: a pathway of two linked general education courses that students follow, cohort-style, over four semesters; wraparound student services integrated into the classroom; and a 45-hour faculty development process. Program participants (n = 2,281) were compared to a matched comparison group (n = 2,276). Multimodal logistic regression analyses showed that program participants statistically significantly outperformed the comparison group on every outcome measure: GPA, completion of developmental coursework, persistence toward graduation, and graduation rates.
proposta de instrumento de avaliação pedagógica da preceptoria para residências em Medicina de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Miranda Pollyane Rodrigues , Romano Valéria Ferreira
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Desde a Conferência de Alma-Ata, a importância do cuidado centrado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) foi consolidada como objetivo mundial. No Brasil, a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), composta por equipes multiprofissionais, visa à reorganização da APS, sendo o especialista em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) o médico indicado para atuação neste campo. A residência em MFC é considerada o padrão ouro da formação desse profissional, porém, para expansão da residência é necessário expansão da preceptoria. Preceptores são profissionais que utilizam seu conhecimento e sua experiência profissional para atuação docente junto aos residentes. No município do Rio de Janeiro houve expansão da APS, com aumento da cobertura ESF de 3,5% para 69,43% em 2018, o que trouxe a necessidade de investimento para expansão da residência, e, desta forma, demandou mais preceptores. No entanto, não pôde ser realizada uma capacitação completa em tempo hábil, sendo desejável que os preceptores continuassem sua qualificação concomitante à preceptoria. Dentre as atividades do preceptor, destacam-se os atributos pedagógicos, relacionados à responsabilidade docente no processo ensino-aprendizagem do residente. Objetivo: Apresentar uma proposta de instrumento para avaliação dos atributos pedagógicos da preceptoria das residências em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Métodos: Para elaboração da proposta de instrumento para avaliação dos atributos pedagógicos foram realizadas entrevistas compreensivas, com preceptores em Medicina de Família e Comunidade da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, segundo um roteiro semiestruturado. Resultados: As entrevistas geraram espaços de reflexão sobre as práticas pedagógicas dos preceptores, motivando-os a construírem novos planos pedagógicos e a repensarem as potencialidades e os obstáculos enfrentados no trabalho pedagógico da preceptoria em MFC. Conclusão: A proposta de um instrumento para avaliação pedagógica se apresentou como formativa para a preceptoria em MFC no âmbito da APS do município do Rio de Janeiro, fazendo supor que produziu ressignificação, precursor de motivação e esperança.
DESIGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NA FORMAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL STRICTO SENSU
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia Aparecida Avelar , Nunes Simone Costa
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a intersecção de gênero/raça/classe como veículo de desigualdade social no Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do portal da Capes (2018), numa abordagem quantitativa, tendo como recorte mulheres discentes, brancas e negras, ingressas em instituições de ensino superior. Enfatiza-se a importância das políticas públicas e do debate acerca do acesso à educação e ao mercado de trabalho dessas mulheres negras. A contribuição do estudo está em apresentar um retrato das desigualdades existentes entre mulheres negras e mulheres brancas, em termos da formação educacional stricto sensu, além de cobrir uma lacuna na área da Administração, ao trazer a questão da educação como empecilho para a inserção ao mercado de trabalho, cada vez mais competitivo e com subjetividades em seu interior, relacionadas ao sexismo e o racismo.
Cesarean Section and Breastfeeding Outcomes
Authors: Antonakou Angeliki , Papoutsis Dimitrios
Published: April 2021

The cesarean section rates in the developed countries are well above the 5% to 15% rate of all births as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 and currently range widely between 25% and 50%. Moreover, the WHO guidance promotes early breastfeeding initiation during the first hour postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding up until the 6th month and maintaining breastfeeding at least up to the second year of the infant’s life. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on whether a cesarean section interferes with the initiation and the long-term duration of breastfeeding practice among new mothers. The literature shows that a cesarean birth does have a detrimental effect on breastfeeding outcomes, however it is not per se a negative factor. It rather seems that infants who have feeding difficulties in the immediate postpartum period may experience long term problems. Therefore, interventions are discussed to promote breastfeeding after cesarean section for health professionals. Emphasis is given on promoting early skin-to-skin contact and on counseling new mothers about the advantages of breastfeeding as well as providing practical support and guidance throughout the early postpartum period.
Design and High-Throughput Screening of High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Wu Yaqi , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2021

A balanced parameter was proposed to design the high entropy alloys (HEAs), which defined by average melting temperature Tm times entropy of mixing ΔSm over enthalpy of mixing ΔHm, Ω=TmΔSm/ΔHm, if Ω is larger than 1.1, we can predict that the entropy is high enough to overcome the enthalpy, and solid solution is likely to form rather than the intermetallic ordered phases. The composition can be further refined by using high-throughput screening by preparing the compositional gradient films. Multiple targets co-sputtering is usually used to prepare the films, and physical masking can separate the samples independently, chemical masking can also applied if possible. One example is the self-sharpening screening by using nanoindentations, the serration behaviors may related to the self-sharpening compositions.
Priming the Pathway: Combining Oxytocin and Behavioral Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kuhl Meltzoff Stavropoulos Katherine , Baker Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social-communication deficits and the presence of restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors. There are currently no psychopharmacological agents approved to treat core symptoms of ASD. As such, behavioral interventions are the most effective method for improving symptoms. In the current chapter, we propose that administering the neuropeptide oxytocin in conjunction with evidence-based behavioral interventions may lead to improved outcomes in social-communication for children with ASD. From a mechanistic perspective, we hypothesize that oxytocin may “prime” social reward circuitry in the brain, thereby allowing behavioral interventions designed to increase social motivation/initiation to be more effective. Extant literature related to theories of ASD, oxytocin administration in children with ASD, and behavioral intervention outcomes are reviewed, and considerations for individual characteristics (e.g., genetics, oxytocin availability, age, behavioral profile, etc.) that may affect efficacy are discussed.
A Hybrid Image Fusion Algorithm for Medical Applications
Authors: Geetha Devi Appari , Prasada Rao Borra Surya , Vidya Sagar Kalapala
Published: April 2021

The main objective of medical imaging is to get a extremely informative image for higher designation. One modality of medical image cannot offer correct and complete data in several cases. In brain medical imaging, resonance Imaging (MRI) image shows structural data of the brain with none useful information, wherever as pc imaging (CT) image describes useful data of the brain however with low spatial resolution particularly with low dose CT scan, that is helpful to scale back the radiation impact to physique. Within the field of diagnosing, Image fusion plays a really very important role. Fusing the CT and tomography pictures provides a whole data concerning each soft and exhausting tissues of the physique. This paper proposes a 2 stage hybrid fusion formula. Initial stage deals with the sweetening of a coffee dose CT scan image exploitation totally different image sweetening techniques viz., bar graph Equalization and adaptation bar graph deed. Within the second stage, the improved low dose CT scan image is united with tomography image exploitation totally different fusion algorithms viz., distinct rippling rework (DWT) and Principal element Analysis (PCA). The projected formula has been evaluated and compared exploitation totally different quality metrics.
Opinion Dynamics and the Inevitability of a Polarised and Homophilic Society
Authors: Prieto Curiel Rafael
Published: April 2021

A polarised society is frequently observed among ideological extremes, despite individual and collective efforts to reach a consensual opinion. Human factors, such as the tendency to interact with similar people and the reinforcement of such homophilic interactions or the selective exposure and assimilation to distinct views are some of the mechanisms why opinions might evolve into a more divergent distribution. A complex model in which individuals are exposed to alternating waves of propaganda which fully support different extreme views is considered here within an opinion dynamics model. People exposed to different extreme narratives adopt and share them with their peers based on the persuasiveness of the propaganda and are mixed with their previous opinions based on the volatility of opinions to form a new individual view. Social networks help capture elements such as homophily, whilst persuasiveness and memory capture bias assimilation and the exposure to ideas inside and outside echo chambers. The social levels of homophily and polarisation after iterations of people being exposed to extreme narratives define distinct trajectories of society becoming more or less homophilic and reaching extremism or consensus. There is extreme sensitivity to the parameters so that a small perturbation to the persuasiveness or the memory of a network in which consensus is reached could lead to the polarisation of opinions, but there is also unpredictability of the system since even under the same starting point, a society could follow substantially different trajectories and end with a consensual opinion or with extreme polarising views.
How to Reduce Sedentary Behavior at All Life Domains
Authors: López Torres Olga , Lobo Pablo , Baigún Valeria , F. De Roia Gabriela
Published: April 2021

Lifestyle has changed in the last century increasingly promoting sedentary behaviors. Prolonged sitting time is related to increased all-cause mortality risk. Therefore, scientific research aimed at understanding the effects of sitting on health has increased to find effective interventions that can be carried out in life domains (study, work, transport, and free time). The interaction between physical activity and sitting time plays a key role in the development of strategies to promote physical activity practice and reduce sedentary behavior. Accepting that the modern societies incite to spend long periods seated, the aim seems to find a balance between all the areas during the 24 h of the day. Maintaining sleep time, reducing screen leisure time to 3 h/day, and breaking prolonged sedentary time for 2–3 min every 30 min-1 h of sitting, as well as reaching the physical activity recommendation may help counteract the potential negative effect of too much sitting time. Governments must provide active free time options to promote active leisure time and help reduce screen time. At workplaces, managers and companies should encourage sitting breaks and work standing options, and for the special population such as children or older adults, new strategies must be considered to reduce sitting time.
Employment of Organic Residues for Methane Production: The Use of Wastes of the Pulp and Paper Industry to Produce Biogas - A Case Study
Authors: de Jesús Martínez-Roldán Alfredo , Dolores Josefina Rodríguez-Rosales María , Valle Cervantes Sergio , Azucena Mendez-Perez Thania
Published: April 2021

Many organic residues are being wasted since they are not given a comprehensive management; anaerobic digestion is an alternative to reduce the impact of these residues, and to produce biogas. The chapter includes the state of art about biogas and energy production, and later, the analysis of a study case focusing on the use of pulp and paper wastes to produce biogas. The study was carried out through anaerobic digestion at a bench scale using three temperature phases to treat primary and secondary sludge, establishing operational parameters such as temperature, retention time, and organic loadings. Monitoring of volume, methane concentration in the biogas, volatile solids reduction, volatile fatty acids during the process, the performance of the process in function of methane produced per volatile solids removed is calculated. This case study shows that it is feasible to use the sludge from the company’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the generation of biogas, thus reducing waste management problems.
Topographic Distribution of Intracranial Meningioma’s Recurrences: Localized Versus Diffuse-Multicentric
Authors: Maiuri Francesco , Corvino Sergio , Guadagno Elia , Del Basso De Caro Marialaura
Published: April 2021

Meningiomas recur with a rate of 10–32% at ten years. Several features influence the risk of recurrence. Our aim is to define the pathological and surgical features at risk of diffuse-multicentric versus local-peripheral recurrence. Thirty-three cases of multicentric-diffuse recurrence of intracranial meningiomas were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 50 cases who experienced local-peripheral recurrence. The analyzed factors included age and sex, tumor location and shape, brain-tumor interface, entity of resection, WHO grade, Ki67 MIB1, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, number of reoperations, progression of WHO grade, and outcome. The multicentric-diffuse recurrences were mainly related to flat-shaped and Ki67 Li greater than 4% features at first surgery. Among patients with multicentric-diffuse recurrences, 25 underwent one to three reoperations; among them, 17 are alive with local tumor control or slow progression 2 to 25 years after the initial surgery versus only 2 out of 8 who did not undergo surgery. We conclude that flat-shaped meningiomas and those with Ki67 Li greater than 4% are at higher risk to recur in multicentric-diffuse pattern. Even multiple reoperations over a period of several years may obtain rather long survivals in selected patients with prevalent intradural not anaplastic tumors and not too extensive dural infiltration.
Prevalence and Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Studies of PRIME-MD and PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) in Japan
Authors: Muramatsu Kumiko , Miyaoka Hitoshi , Kamijima Kunitoshi , Muramatsu Yoshiyuki , Fuse Katsuya , Yoshimine Fumitoshi , Mashima Ichiro , Tanaka Yutaka , Hosaka Michio , Toshiaki Kikuchi , Shimizu Natsue , Baba Shigeji
Published: April 2021

We examine two studies on the prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in Japanese patients in primary care settings. The PRIME-MD study (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) in Japan was conducted in seven primary care sites. The sample group included 601 adult patients (249 males, 352 females, mean age = 58.9 years, SD = 16.5). Of the 12.5% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.0% (n = 29) were major depressive disorder, and 6.7% (n = 40) were minor depressive disorder. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with generalized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with anxiety disorders (NOS) was 11.5 (95% CI: 2.17–18.45) and 8.00 (95% CI: 3.19–20.07), respectively. The PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) study in Japan was conducted in eleven primary care sites. A total of 1409 adult patients (611 males, 797 females; mean age: 56.2 years, SD: ±20.4) completed the PHQ in full. The prevalence of diagnosis of any mood disorder or any anxiety disorder was 25.0%. Of the 15.8% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.3% were for major depression and 8.4% for other depressive disorders. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with other anxiety disorders was 30.4 (95% CI: 13.19–70.28).
Artificial Intelligence and Water Cycle Management
Authors: Massarelli Carmine , Campanale Claudia , Felice Uricchio Vito
Published: April 2021

Artificial intelligence applications play a crucial role in improving environmental quality from all points of view. Digital technologies have revolutionized our way of life as they are permeated to a capillary level in our daily life. On the other hand, the data produced every second cannot be managed by a human mind due to a certain physical and temporal impossibility, so artificial intelligence, algorithms written by men to perform human reasoning, they can accomplish this arduous task. In this chapter we will address the potential of artificial intelligence to process important amounts of data and analyze existing relationships also through a focus on the conservation capacity of one of the most precious resources: water.
Middleware Application, Suitable to Build an Automated and Connected Smart Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Rao Muzaffar , Newe Thomas
Published: April 2021

The current manufacturing transformation is represented by using different terms like; Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs), and the Model-Based enterprise. This transformation involves integrated and collaborative manufacturing systems. These manufacturing systems should meet the demands changing in real-time in the smart factory environment. Here, this manufacturing transformation is represented by the term ‘Smart Manufacturing’. Smart manufacturing can optimize the manufacturing process using different technologies like IoT, Analytics, Manufacturing Intelligence, Cloud, Supplier Platforms, and Manufacturing Execution System (MES). In the cell-based manufacturing environment of the smart industry, the best way to transfer the goods between cells is through automation (mobile robots). That is why automation is the core of the smart industry i.e. industry 4.0. In a smart industrial environment, mobile-robots can safely operate with repeatability; also can take decisions based on detailed production sequences defined by Manufacturing Execution System (MES). This work focuses on the development of a middleware application using LabVIEW for mobile-robots, in a cell-based manufacturing environment. This application works as middleware to connect mobile robots with the MES system.
Secured Message Broadcasting in VANET using Blowfish Algorithm with Oppositional Deer Hunting Optimization
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of computer science, S.T. Hindu College, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli., Selvi M. , Ramakrishnan B.
Published: April 2021

Emergency Message broadcasting is an important process in VANET. Security and reliable transmission are the two major concerns in message broadcasting. VANET is open to unauthorized nodes, hackers, misbehaving vehicles, malicious attackers etc without security. Without valid confirmation of authorized vehicles, these types of attacks may occur. To enhance the reliability in message broadcasting, some existing techniques are used. They transmit the data without much delay but they didn’t provide any trusted authentication. So hackers, malicious nodes, unauthorized vehicles may easily interrupt the emergency messages. Also Brute force attack, Man in Middle attack are not identified and eliminated. In this research, a trust based secured broadcasting mechanism is developed which ensures the metrics such as security, privacy, integrity, trust etc. The major intension of this research is to reduce latency and provide high reliable, secure and efficient communication over the vehicles. The data such as vehicle position, location, speed, and other traffic information’s are generated and stored in a separate table. A network is created with varying densities. A path is generated for message broadcasting between source and destination based on the specific gateway estimated. Here, Optimal Wireless Access in Vanet (OWAV) Protocol is employed to gather vehicle related information to reduce the delay. Blowfish encryption algorithm along with Oppositional Deer Hunting Optimization (ODHO) is used to store the trusted vehicles location to avoid unauthorized tracking. The performance of the proposed research is analyzed with various metrics such as Packet delivery ratio (PDR), transmission delay, encryption time, hroughput, computational overhead etc. The efficiency of the research is compared with other existing methods.
Transient Process at Atmospheric Discharge into the Landline and the Appearance of an Electric Arc in the Switch
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, N. Bjelić Slobodan , Marković Filip N. , Marković Nenad A.
Published: April 2021

This document proposes a model of the process of atmospheric discharge of overhead lines followed by an electric arc. The intensity of atmospheric discharges, followed by electric arc and destruction, is determined by the difference in potential and current. Such a structure and form of discharge make it difficult to analyze the transient process and obtain adequate solutions. That is why the model of the transient process in the electric arc of the switch under the conditions of interruption of the AC circuit is specially analyzed. Simple equivalent schemes for the analysis of phenomena with given values of linear parameters are presented, which are very simple to apply. All influential parameters by which the overvoltage values in the model can be estimated were also taken into account. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed using the adapted MATLAB program psbsurlightcuurent for atmospheric electrical discharge, which contains a high frequency current source. The verified simulation method was used to verify the results as part of a method derived from artificial intelligence algorithms. The process simulation program, the obtained voltage and current diagrams confirm the application of the simulation algorithm model.
Investigation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine Human Sentiment Using Twitter Data
Authors:   East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mostafa Golam , Ahmed Ikhtiar , Junayed Masum Shah
Published: April 2021

In recent years, with the advancement of the internet, social media is a promising platform to explore what going on around the world, sharing opinions and personal development. Now, Sentiment analysis, also known as text mining is widely used in the data science sector. It is an analysis of textual data that describes subjective information available in the source and allows an organization to identify the thoughts and feelings of their brand or goods or services while monitoring conversations and reviews online. Sentiment analysis of Twitter data is a very popular research work nowadays. Twitter is that kind of social media where many users express their opinion and feelings through small tweets and different machine learning classifier algorithms can be used to analyze those tweets. In this paper, some selected machine learning classifier algorithms were applied on crawled Twitter data after applying different types of preprocessors and encoding techniques, which ended up with satisfying accuracy. Later a comparison between the achieved accuracies was showed. Experimental evaluations show that the Neural Network Classifier’ algorithm provides a remarkable accuracy of 81.33% compared with other classifiers.
Monuments of cultural heritage from the perspective residents – a case study of Mikulčice (Czechia) and Vlkolínec (Slovakia)
Authors: Lněnička Libor , Dvořáková Lenka
Published: April 2021

Considering and deciding of future same territory is a complicated task requiring the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders and institutions. When it comes to deciding in the areas or sites under UNESCO patronage, it is a process sensitive to other inputs, comments, evaluations and attention from all sides. The following paper provides a description of the main results of questionnaire survey aimed at obtaining data on traditional natural and cultural values in carrying out the protection and care of UNESCO monuments. The model territory were on the Slovak side of Vlkolínec (for 25 years on the list of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage) and on the Czech side of the Slavonic fortified settlement in Mikulčice, which is a potential candidate for registration on the UNESCO list.
Regional Geography Education in Poland
Authors: Świętek Agnieszka , Osuch Wiktor
Published: April 2021

Education in regional geography in Poland takes place at public schools from the earliest educational stages and is compulsory until young people reach the age of adulthood. Reforms of the Polish education system, resulting in changes in the core curriculum of general education, likewise resulted in changes in the concept of education in the field of regional geography. The subject of the authors’ article is education in regional geography in the Polish education system at various educational stages. The authors’ analysis has two research goals. The first concerns changes in the education of regional geography at Polish schools; here the analysis and evaluation of the current content of education in the field of regional geography are offered. The second one is the study of the model of regional geography education in geographical studies in Poland on the example of the geographyat the Pedagogical University of Cracow. Although elements of education about one’s own region already appear in a kindergarten, they are most strongly implemented at a primary school in the form of educational paths, e.g. “Regional education – cultural heritage in the region”, and at a lower-secondary school (gymnasium) during geography classes. Owing to the current education reform, liquidating gymnasium (a lower secondary school level) and re-introducing the division of public schools into an 8-year primary school and a longer secondary school, the concept of education in regional education has inevitably changed. Currently, it is implemented in accordance with a multidisciplinary model of education consisting in weaving the content of regional education into the core curricula of various school subjects, and thus building the image of the whole region by means of viewing from different perspectives and inevitable cooperation of teachers of diverse subjects. Invariably, however, content in the field of regional geography is carried out at a primary and secondary school during geography classes. At university level, selected students – in geographical studies – receive a regional geography training. As an appropriate example one can offer A. Świętek’s original classes in “Regional Education” for geography students of a teaching specialty consisting of students designing and completing an educational trail in the area of Nowa Huta in Cracow.
Didactic Aspect of Teaching Environmental Geography (The Draft of Environmental Geography Textbook for Primary Schools)
Authors: Strišková Michaela , Oremusová Dáša , Němčíková Magdaléna
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, we can observe that there is still not sufficient amount of textbooks in various areas of Education. One of these areas is also Environmental geography which is an important part of geography lessons at primary school. Therefore, our main intention in this contribution is to introduce design of the textbook for Environmental geography. Textbook that we have created introduces and solves environmental problems on global, regional and local level in a very detailed way. The aim of the textbook is to applicate all of the dimensions of environmental geography into each class at the second grade of primary schools in Slovakia. We have created didactic material which helps teachers during their teaching, as well as material interesting and engaging for students. The proposed textbook could be motivating because of many additional illustrations, various games and tasks using not only classical, but also modern didactic methods.
Inquiry-based learning and its using in geography at the second level of primary schools
Authors: Vilinová Katarína , Kabátová Veronika
Published: April 2021

Current social needs emphasize the education of a person with creative thinking, capable of not only finding problems but also solving them. Different strategies are applied in the educational process according to the society's requirements for an educated individual. On this basis, the appropriate content of education, organizational forms, didactic methods and the use of the latest didactic techniques are also determined. One way to achieve this is to introduce other teaching methods, such as inquiry-based teaching, into the teaching process. Inquiry-based learning aims to make science lessons more effective, especially at primary schools, and at the same time seeks to attract students to study them. It has an irreplaceable role in new, modern and successful ways of teaching science. The aim of the paper is to design methodological sheets in the 5th year of elementary school in terms of inquiry-based learning and their application to the teaching process.
Secret potential of the ecosystem services in lower secondary education in Slovakia
Authors: Vrbičanová Gréta , Szabová Lucia , Močko Matěj , Kaisová Dominika , Jakab Imrich
Published: April 2021

Declines in biodiversity have corroborated view of scientists to promote ecosystem services to gain support for conservation of the nature from people of all ages all over the world. The ecosystem services are sparsely characterized in education literature and they are not included in the most recent iteration of Slovak standards for lower secondary education. In this paper we are introducing the concept of ecosystem services and discuss why it is an important idea to teach in lower secondary education. Main aim is to present set of conceptual ideas of how to include interdisciplinary field of ecosystem services into geography. Our approach provides an opportunity to use several teaching methods to help students make connections between modern technology and ecological, geographical and social systems. Simultaneously, it is a brand-new approach of connecting students through modern technology and ecosystem services with landscape and improve their perception in the regional geography.
Regional and Geographic Features of pro-poor growth in Africa
Authors: Hamáček Jaromír , Frličková Barbora
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on regional and geographic features of pro-poor growth in African countries. The concept of pro-poor growth interconnects and examines mutual relationships between income growth, income poverty and income inequality. Using the World Bank’s income data, we calculate and interpret indicators of pro-poor growth for individual African countries. Then we analyze the results in terms of African regionalization and we investigate possible associations between pro-poor growth categories and selected geographic factors such as location, population size or population density. We show that higher pro-poorness of growth is typical for countries of Northern and Western Africa. The results also indicate that some of the geographic factors are significantly associated with pro-poor growth across African countries.
Comparison of map reading skills and geographical knowledge of future officers and geography teachers
Authors: Hubáček Martin , Čapek Jaromír , Mertová Iva
Published: April 2021

Map reading is an important skill of the human population which varies from person to person depending on the age, education and many other circumstances. It is expected that some groups of adult population have higher skills in this area. Soldiers, architects, geography teachers and others belong to this group of people. The skills in reading paper maps are disappearing in current digital world. This is also observed in the case of students of the University of Defense in Brno. 228 students were tested in map reading and geographical knowledge of the Czech Republic to verify this fact. The examination of the map reading skills took place over a standard topographic map at a scale of 1 : 25 000 from the production of the Geographic Service of ACR. Testing of geographical knowledge of the Czech Republic was focused on drawing the map of district towns, rivers and geomorphological units of the Czech Republic. The results confirmed the initial assumptions about the decreasing level of these skills. In addition, there were also significant differences between individual groups of students caused mostly because of previous education as well as the currently studied specialization. The same testing was done on students of the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno to confirm these conclusions. This group of students achieved worse results in map reading, but on the other hand, they have better knowledge of the geography of the Czech Republic.
A Kantian Interpretation of the Infinite Manifoldness of Evil Incentives in Real Human Life
Authors: Lu Chao ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Kant defined moral evil as reversing the order between self-love and morality. For many critics, however, his egoistically-orientated notion of self-love fails to make sense of the infinitely manifold incentives of evil under the human condition. Against this criticism, my article will re-interpret Kantian self-love and empirical self-conception from both the transcendental and empirical level, thus offering a transcendental grounding for the empirical manifestations of evil. In this way I will argue that we can explain rather sufficiently the infinite manifoldness of evil incentives in real human life with Kant’s prima facie simplistic definition of evil.
Quis non tristitia carere optet? (Cypr. Mortal. 5)
Authors: Malgeri Graciano María ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2021

The article addresses Saint Cyprian’s Work De mortalitate, making, a contextualization of the work, to later discuss each one of the chapters of this books, highlighting the diverse perspective that Saint Cyprian has of death and adversities in contrast with the pagan philosophical view. Subsequently, the article points out the four reasons that cause fear when facing trials or death, such as the imbecilitas animi, the parvitas fidei, the dulcedo saecularis and the error veritatis. The article makes an application of Saint Cyprian’s thoughts on adversity and death to the current context of Covid-19.
Augustine on Temptation to suicide
Authors: Chabi Kolawole ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2021

The article discusses Augustine’s teaching on suicide, especially in the way he exposed it when a Christian facing despair is tempted to take his own life. In the first part, the article examines some basic aspects of Augustine’s teaching on suicide in some of his works outside the letter 244. In a second part, the article presents an analytic reading Augustine’s Letter 244 to Chrisimus. The article also discusses some important remarks to show the relevance of Augustine’s recommendations nowadays.
The Christological hermeneutics of Augustine in Benedict XVI’s Mind
Authors: Caparas Radni ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2021

This article attempts to explore the Christological hermeneutics of Augustine in Benedict XVI’s method of reading Christ. The study is divided into three parts. The first part explores the Christological issues and methods since Vatican II. The proliferation of the Christological hermeneutics ignited the Church (Dei Verbum and Pontifical Biblical Commission) to set some guidelines and controls in order to pave the way to a better quest for the real Jesus. Within this context, Benedict XVI proposed a Christological hermeneutics which present a convincing figure of the real Jesus of Nazareth. The second part of the article deals with the commonalities and distinction of the hermeneutics of Augustine and of Benedict XVI. It highlights the similarities of the theological context of both theologians. Likewise, it presents the continuity of the thought of Augustine and Benedict XVI. The last part explains the Christological Hermeneutics of Augustine in the mind of Benedict XVI. It investigates and defines the Augustinian method of knowing Christ within the framework of Benedict XVI’s personal quest for Christ.
The Pasio Vincentii in Augustine’s Sermones de Sanctis
Authors: Clemence William ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2021

The article makes a brief exposition of the context of the first persecutions against the Christians, particularly highlighting the persecution of Diocletian, to later analyze the effects of the Constantinian peace. The importance that within the context of the Constantinian peace acquired the cult of martyrs, like the first Christian heroes, is exposed. Later the importance of the literature about martyrs of the first centuries is revealed. In a second part of the article, the sermons that Saint Augustine dedicated to Saint Vincent are studied, namely, sermons 4; 274-277 / A; 359 / B. A detailed study is made of each one of them, both at the rhetorical level and mainly in terms of content, to highlight the ideas and Augustine’s theology. The role that the sermons of Saint Augustine played in the transmission of the Passio Vincentii is particularly stressed.
Landscapes of Technological Thoughts
Authors: Lemmens Pieter , Hui Yuk ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2021

In this dialogue with Yuk Hui, Pieter Lemmens explains the discipline called philosophy of technology and gives a concise overview of the most important contemporary approaches within this field. He also offers a critical evaluation of what are probably the two most salient characteristics of contemporary philosophy of technology, the so-called “empirical turn” and the “ethical turn,” which are deeply related and partly reflect the discipline’s on-going alignment with the global neoliberal agenda of exclusively profit-driven technological innovation. He also critically reflects on recent developments in the molecular and informational life sciences such as genomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and synthetic biology.
For a Strategic Primitivism
Authors: Viveiros de Castro Eduardo , Hui Yuk ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2021

In this dialogue with Yuk Hui, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro discusses his work on the Amerindian perspectivism, multinaturalism; the relation between nature, culture and technics in his ethnographic studies; as well as the necessity of a non-anthropocentric definition of technology. He also discusses a haunting futurism of ecological crisis and automation of the Anthropocene, and explores a “strategic primitivism” as survival tool.
Elements for a Neganthropology of Automatic Man
Authors: Stiegler Bernard , Ross Daniel ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2021

Ours is an age of general automation. The factory that produced proletarians now extends to the biosphere; consequently, disautomatization is needed, which is the real meaning of autonomy. Autonomy and automatism must be reconceived as a composition rather than an opposition. Knowledge depends on hypomnesic automatisms that open up the possibility of what Socrates called “thinking for oneself”; digitalization thus requires a new epistemology that entails questions of political and libidinal economy. Today, automatization serves the autonomization of technics more than noetic autonomy, but reconceiving the latter necessarily involves reconsidering the meaning and character of desire. Greta Thunberg’s diagnosis of the irresponsibility of the generation before hers exposes the fact that the knowledge necessary to combat the consequences of contemporary technological development has been destroyed. The only possible counter to this irresponsibility lies in the reconstitution of knowledge, understood as the means by which humans struggle against entropy and anthropy.
On the Limit of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hui Yuk ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2021

This article asks how can we articulate the limit of artificial intelligence, which virtually has no limit? Or maybe the definition of AI already implies its limit, how Marvin Minsky once declared that there is no generally accepted theory of intelligence, and that AI is only one particular way of modelling it. This article revisits the debate between Minsky and Hubert Dreyfus and repositions them in terms of an opposition between mechanism and organism, in order to expose the limit of Dreyfus’s Heideggerian critique. It suggests reflecting on the relation between noodiversity and technodiversity to methodologically broaden the concept of intelligence, and on how different concepts of intelligence could be thought by introducing the Chinese philosopher Mou Zongsan’s interpretation of Kant’s intellectual intuition.
Entry by Birth Alone?
Authors: Lindauer Matthew ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2021

This article argues that citizens have a basic right to invite family members and spouses into their society on the basis of Rawlsian egalitarian premises. This right is argued to be just as basic as other recognized basic rights, such as freedom of speech. The argument suggests further that we must treat immigration and family reunification, in particular, as central issues of domestic justice. The article also examines the implications of these points for the importance of immigration in liberal domestic justice and suggests avenues for further research on the interplay of considerations of justice towards citizens and non-citizens.
Experiments in Living
Authors: Manor Aylon R. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2021

A number of liberal and libertarian philosophers make the moral case for laissez-faire polycentricity—a political order centered around voluntary association. Some of these philosophers further present epistemic arguments in favor of polycentric forms of organization. Initially, one might think that the epistemic arguments reinforce the moral ones, resulting in a philosophically robust case for laissez-faire polycentricity. This paper argues against this conclusion. Through examining the intersection between epistemic considerations and institutional arrangements, I show that the epistemic arguments point away from laissez-faire polycentricity and toward alternative forms of polycentric order.