bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Camouflaged Histories
Authors: Welland Sasha Su-Ling
Published: March 2020

Lei Yan 雷燕, whose artistic practice was shaped by a decades-long career in the Chinese military, began a period of transition through participation in a 2002 restaging of the Communist Red Army’s 1934 Long March as a multi-sited international art project. Her resulting encounter with US feminist art icon Judy Chicago raised questions about the potential neocolonial influence of global feminist art. The work Lei subsequently produced performs an autoethnographic excavation of the sociohistorical categories—woman soldier, military artist, and woman artist—that made her as both artist and woman. She works from within a national representational corpus, subjecting it to various experiments to reveal the fields of violence it has enacted from the Sino-Vietnamese War to the Great Sichuan earthquake. Lei Yan’s meditation through photography upon national, revolutionary iconography evolved into soft sculpture objects in cloth and paper. Their arrested ephemerality decenters the human subject, drawing attention to haunting absences in conventional stories of art, feminism, and nation. In comparison with the monumental work of Ai Weiwei 艾未未, who also created pieces in response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Lei’s art serves not to admonish but to bring back into consciousness lost lives and camouflaged histories.
Οι συντελεστές στατικής τριβής και τριβής ολίσθησης – Πειραματικός προσδιορισμός τους
Authors: Λιαδή Αναστασία , Καραμαΐλή Μαρία Θηρεσία , Κορατζίνου Ευαγγελία , Δημόπουλος Βασίλης
Published: March 2020

Το προς μελέτη θέμα της εργασίας είναι ο προσδιορισμός συντελεστών στατικής τριβής και τριβής ολίσθησης ενός ξύλινου αντικειμένου που έρχεται σε επαφή με διαφορετικά υλικά, καθώς και ο έλεγχος της εξάρτησης του συντελεστή τριβής ολίσθησης από διάφορους παράγοντες. Για τον προσδιορισμό των συντελεστών τριβής χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένας αισθητήρας δύναμης, που συνδέθηκε με το σώμα. Με κατάλληλο λογισμικό απεικονίστηκε η γραφική παράσταση της τριβής συναρτήσει της δύναμης που ασκήθηκε μέσω του αισθητήρα και υπολογίστηκαν οι συντελεστές τριβής. Για τη μελέτη της εξάρτησης της τριβής ολίσθησης από διάφορους παράγοντες, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα σύστημα σωμάτων, που συνδέθηκε μεταξύ τους μέσω νήματος και τροχαλίας καθώς και ένα σύστημα φωτοπυλών. Η εξίσωση θέσης-χρόνου και η εφαρμογή των νόμων του Νεύτωνα οδήγησε στα συμπεράσματα ότι ο συντελεστής τριβής ολίσθησης δεν εξαρτάται από τοεμβαδόν της επιφάνειας επαφής αλλά έχει μικρή εξάρτηση από την ταχύτητα για μεγάλεςμεταβολές της.
Γιατί το μεταλλικό πόμολο μιας ξύλινης πόρτας μας φαίνεται ψυχρότερο από την πόρτα;
Authors: Γλεντής Γιώργος , Μπρκοβιτς Στέφανος , Πρόνιος Βασίλειος , Σταμέλου Εμμανουέλα , Δημητριάδης Παναγιώτης , Παπατσίμπα Λαμπρινή
Published: March 2020

Σε αυτή την εργασία θα απαντήσουμε στο ερώτημα γιατί όταν ακουμπάμε το μεταλλικό πόμολο μιας ξύλινης πόρτας αισθανόμαστε ότι έχει μικρότερη θερμοκρασία από την πόρτα, παρότι και τα δύο σώματα έχουν την ίδια θερμοκρασία (του περιβάλλοντος). Θα ερμηνεύσουμε αυτό το φαινόμενο με τους νόμους της φυσικής. Αρχικά θα διερευνήσουμε τους παράγοντες από τους οποίους εξαρτάται η θερμοκρασία θ που αποκτά η επιφάνεια επαφής δυο σωμάτων Α και Β διαφορετικής θερμοκρασίας θΑ και θΒ. Απλοποιώντας τη γεωμετρία του προβλήματος και συνδυάζοντας τους νόμους της θερμιδομετρίας και του Fourier για τη διάδοση της θερμότητα βρίσκουμε ότι η θερμοκρασία επαφής θ1 δίδεται από τη σχέση: ((θ_Α + θ_Β ∙ Λ))/(1+Λ) [1] . Η Λ είναι μια σταθερά που εξαρτάται από τις θερμικές ιδιότητες των δυο υλικών και θΑ>θΒ. Στη συνέχεια διερευνούμε την [1] για διάφορα υλικά.
Εφαρμογές της υπέρυθρης φωτογραφίας στη Φυσική
Authors: Πουρνάρα Σαββίνα , Λάζος Παναγιώτης
Published: March 2020

Πολλά φυσικά φαινόμενα είναι αόρατα στην παρατήρηση διά του οφθαλμού. Με την βοήθεια, ωστόσο, της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας και της υπέρυθρης ακτινοβολίας μπορούμε να εντοπίσουμε και να μελετήσουμε μία σειρά από ενδιαφέροντα φαινόμενα στην καθημερινή ζωή και όχι μόνο. Η υπέρυθρη ακτινοβολία είναι ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία με μεγαλύτερα μήκη κύματος από εκείνα του ορατού φωτός. Στην εργασία μας παρουσιάζονται και αναλύονται φωτογραφίες που έχουν ληφθεί στο εγγύς υπέρυθρο φάσμα (Near Infrared Radiation, NIR) με μία ψηφιακή κάμερα η οποία έχει μετατραπεί κατάλληλα. Η μετατροπή πραγματοποιήθηκε με την αντικατάσταση του φίλτρου αποκοπής της υπέρυθρης ακτινοβολίας εμπρός από τον αισθητήρα από κατάλληλο φίλτρο που επιτρέπει τη διέλευσή της. Σε αυτήν τα αντικείμενα της εργασίας μελετιούνται με βάση πως την ανακλούν, εκπέμπουν και απορροφούν προκειμένου να μελετήσουμε τη βλάστηση, τη σύνθεση του εδάφους ή ακόμα να ανακαλύψουμε το υπέρυθρο ουράνιο τόξο. Η ανακλαστικότητα των φυτών οφείλεται στις ιδιότητες των φυλλωμάτων τους, την εσωτερική τους δομή και τα βιοχημικά τους συστατικά. Μέρος της φωτεινής ενέργειας που απορροφάται για τη φωτοσύνθεση επανεκπέμπεται μέσω φαινομένων φθορισμού και οι μεταβολές στον φωτοσυνθετικό ρυθμό προκαλούν αλλοιώσεις στην εκπομπή φθορισμού. Έτσι μπορούμε εύκολα με υπέρυθρη φωτογραφία να διακρίνουμε τη παρουσία φυτών, το πόσο υγιή είναι ή τις καλλιεργήσιμες εκτάσεις που υπάρχουν σε δορυφορικές IR φωτογραφίες. Επιπλέον είναι εφικτό να παρατηρήσουμε το υπέρυθρο τμήμα από το ουράνιο τόξο αλλά και να εντοπίσουμε αντικείμενα με μεγάλη θερμοκρασία στο απόλυτο σκοτάδι (π.χ. ηλεκτρικό κολλητήρι, αναμμένα ηλεκτρικά μάτια κουζίνας, νήμα λαμπτήρα πυρακτώσεως που έχει μόλις σβήσει κλπ).
Μετάδοση μηνυμάτων με ορατό φως: Η περίπτωση των οπτικών ινών
Authors: Διαμαντάκος Ιάσονας , Ζαχαράτος Σπύρος , Κάσδαγλη Έλμα , Καστής Γιώργος , Κωνσταντίνου Νεφέλη , Κωνσταντίνου Φώτης , Μαρματσούρη Ευαγγελία , Γράψας Ιωάννης , Γάτσιος Ιωάννης
Published: March 2020

Οι οπτικές ίνες είναι το κύριο μέσο μετάδοσης σήματος στη σύγχρονη επικοινωνία. Παράλληλα τα LED χρησιμοποιούνται σε πάρα πολλές εφαρμογές εγκαταστάσεων και εξοπλισμού, λόγω των πολλών πλεονεκτημάτων τους. Η κατασκευή ενός λειτουργικού προσομοιώματος οπτικής ίνας στο σχολικό εργαστήριο και η χρήση της για τη μετάδοση μηνυμάτων με ορατό φως, αποτελεί την ερευνητική εργασία που έχουμε αναλάβει. Η διαδικασία περιλαμβάνει την επίλυση προβλημάτων που σχετίζονται τόσο με την κατασκευή της οπτικής ίνας, όσο και με την κατασκευή συστοιχίας λαμπτήρων LED για την παραγωγή μιας ποικιλίας φωτεινών μηνυμάτων, αλλά και με ζητήματα, όπως η κωδικοποίηση και η καταγραφή των μηνυμάτων που μεταδίδονται με τη βοήθεια της οπτικής ίνας. Η ολοκλήρωση της κατασκευής του προσομοιώματος οπτικής ίνας και των διατάξεων που επιτρέπουν την παραγωγή και την καταγραφή κωδικοποιημένων μηνυμάτων, αναμένεται να αποτελέσει μια πειστική προσομοίωση της σύγχρονης τεχνολογίας επικοινωνιών.
Characteristics of back pain in young adults and their relationship with dehydration: a cross sectional study
Authors: ul-Haq Faizan- , Yaqoob Uzair , Mehmood Muniba , Siddiqui Adeel Ahmed , Usama Syed Muhammad , Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Khan Muhammad Mannan Ali
Published: March 2020

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major factors impairing the quality of life and is the most frequent cause of disability. Inadequate water intake is believed to be the predisposing factor for LBP particularly in the younger population. It is commonly seen that the incidence of LBP has been on the rise in people between 20-40 years of age. Thus, the basic aim of this study is to find a potential relationship between dehydration and LBP among young adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from the medical students and practicing doctors of 21-39 years from March-May 2019. Characteristics of pain along with the daily activities of patients were assessed. The severity was assessed by using the Graded Chronic pain scale (GCPS).

Results: Out of a total of 426 participants, 84.74% had LBP. Of these, 44.3% complained of having it more than once a week, with duration usually between 1-7 days. More than half of the patients had their routines disturbed because of this pain. Most of the participants complained of an episodic increase in summers. The majority (75.9%, n=274) drank 5-9 glasses of water a day, 64.5% of them were of opinion that their daily water consumption was enough, while 61.5% felt an association between dehydration and LBP. According to the GCPS, one-third of the population had chronic pain of grade I and the other third had grade IV.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that with the increase in the pace of life many individuals who belong to the above mentioned age group have a reduced intake of water, and due to a probable relationship between LBP and dehydration, this might be a reason of the increasing propensity of LBP in them. There is a need for further work in this regard.
Familia Herlechini – motyw czarnych jeźdźców w kulturze średniowiecznego Zachodu (XI-XII w.), jego narodziny, znaczenie symboliczne i funkcje ideologicznze
Authors: Bubczyk Robert
Published: March 2020

Familia Herlechini – the Motif of Black Riders in the Western Medieval Culture (11th-12th Centuries): Its Birth, Symbolism and Ideological Functions

The aim of the article is the historical and socio-cultural analysis of the phenomenon of the motif of black riders which functioned in the Middle Ages. In particular, the author tries to determine the symbolic and ideological role it fulfilled in those days. This problem has not been fully researched and described and many of its aspects still await description and analysis. Research on the topic is practically absent in Polish mediaeval historiography, with one exception of a study by Leszek Słupecki. The present article analyses these issues against a broad cultural background. The analysis of the phenomenon of the black riders leads the author to a conclusion that in high Middle Ages it played very important cultural and social functions and was a useful tool of describing the reality of those times.
Smart Spray Analytical System for Orchard Sprayer Calibration: A-Proof-of-Concept and Preliminary Results
Authors: Bahlol Haitham Y. , Chandel Abhilash K. , Hoheisel Gwen-Alyn , Khot Lav R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Efficient chemical spray applications are vital to reduce off-target drift, economic losses to tree fruit growers, and negative environmental impacts. It is thus important to adequately calibrate and adjust orchard sprayers for intended applications. This technical note describes the design, prototyping, and field evaluation of a sensor-based smart spray analytical system (SSAS). The SSAS is equipped with units for spray capturing and volumetric quantification, air-assist velocity measurement, system actuation and control, and data acquisition and wireless transmission. The spray liquid and air-assist velocity quantification units are assembled on a custom-made mobile frame for vertical stop-and-go movement to provide measurements at eight distinct sampling heights above ground level. The data acquisition and transmission units autonomously log the data on-board and transmit wirelessly to a receiving computer with time and height stamps for real-time graphical visualization. All these autonomous processes are guided by a custom programmable single-board computer. The SSAS was preliminarily evaluated for spray liquid and air-assist velocity pattern assessment of an air-assisted orchard sprayer in four sets of spray trials. An average spray liquid recovery of 14.03% and pertinent coefficient of variation (CV) of 10.73% were observed. An average CV of 11.93% was observed in the air-assist velocity patterns. Overall, the SSAS provided measurements within acceptable ranges of variation. This system can thus minimize the experimental errors, time, and efforts involved in conventional assessments of sprayer attributes, thereby providing a reliable solution for orchard sprayer calibration and adjustment. Keywords: Air-assist velocity pattern, Airblast sprayer calibration, Data storage and transmission, Graphical visualization, Smart spray analytical system, Spray liquid pattern.
Multi-wavelength output based on gold nanoparticles in erbium-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Hu Xichen , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Yani , Liu Jishu , Shu Yiqing , Li Sai , Liu Yaokang , Zhang Xinzhi
Published: March 2020

A multi-wavelength fiber laser can be used as an ideal light source device for optical communication of wavelength-division multiplexing. A type of combined filter composed of a gold nanoparticle saturated absorber and three-wave polarization controller was constructed. Its multi-wavelength laser output is realized in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser. We studied the degradation of single-wavelength, dual-wavelength, and triple-wavelength output in the range of 1555–1565 nm, the tunability of three wavelengths, and the spectral periodicity of 1 min 57 s. The interesting phenomena of subregional transmission of gold nanoparticles were discovered. We have a clearer understanding of the filtering process of gold nanosaturable absorbers and the special state between pulsed and non-pulsed when using them to achieve ultra-short pulsed lasers.
Ultra-high-temperature resistant distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser based on type II-IR fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Pham Xuantung , Si Jinhai , Chen Tao , Niu Zhen , Hou Xun
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser that is capable of long-term operation at ultra-high temperatures. To form the laser cavity, a piece of Er-doped fiber is fusion spliced to a pair of type II-IR gratings, which are written using a femtosecond laser with a phase mask. Saturated gratings with different reflectivities are fabricated by varying the position of the grating region relative to the fiber core center. An eccentric grating with a relatively low reflectivity is chosen as the laser output coupler, while a regular grating with a higher reflectivity is used as the laser’s high-reflection reflector. After an annealing process, the laser performance is tested at high temperatures. The results show that the laser can operate with a stable output wavelength and no output power degradation at high temperatures up to 1000°C.
Further improvement of the light efficiency of LCDs via the asymmetric reflection of metallic nanowire gratings
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Zheng Jun
Published: March 2020

Metallic nanowire gratings have been proposed for use as transmitted-type non-absorptive colorfilters and polarizers that take the place of the conventional absorptive ones in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which can improve the light efficiency by recycling the reflected lights. To achieve a high recycling rate, the designed reflected light should be as high as possible, meaning absorption should be as low as possible. In this work, we find that higher reflection and lower loss can be obtained for the light incident to the grating side than to the substrate side in bi-layered aluminum nanowire gratings (BANGs), by decreasing light localization and waveguiding loss in the substrate. Taking full advantage of the reflection characteristics, we firstly demonstrate that when a BANG-based integrated polarizer and colorfilter is placed with its grating side facing the backlight in LCDs, more than a 30% light enhancement is obtained than the case with the substrate side facing the backlight. This work affords an essential guide for the design of eco-displays by using MNGs.
Noise and bias in optical coherence tomography intensity signal decorrelation
Authors: Uribe-Patarroyo Néstor , Post Anouk L. , Ruiz-Lopera Sebastián , Faber Dirk J. , Bouma Brett E.
Published: March 2020

Functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging based on the decorrelation of the intensity signal has been used extensively in angiography and is finding use in flowmetry and therapy monitoring. In this work, we present a rigorous analysis of the autocorrelation function, introduce the concepts of contrast bias, statistical bias and variability, and identify the optimal definition of the second-order autocorrelation function (ACF) g(2) to improve its estimation from limited data. We benchmark different averaging strategies in reducing statistical bias and variability. We also developed an analytical correction for the noise contributions to the decorrelation of the ACF in OCT that extends the signal-to-noise ratio range in which ACF analysis can be used. We demonstrate the use of all the tools developed in the experimental determination of the lateral speckle size depth dependence in a rotational endoscopic probe with low NA, and we show the ability to more accurately determine the rotational speed of an endoscopic probe to implement NURD detection. We finally present g(2)-based angiography of the finger nailbed, demonstrating the improved results from noise correction and the optimal bias mitigation strategies.
High-resolution melting curve analysis for infectious bronchitis virus strain differentiation
Authors: Ababneh Mustafa , Ababneh Ola , Al-Zghoul Mohammad Borhan
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: Belonging to the Coronaviridae family, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in poultry. Preventative measures lie mainly in vaccination, while the gold standard for IBV classification and differentiation is based on the sequence analysis of the spike 1 (S1) gene. In this study, we tested a new assay for IBV strain classification that is less expensive and requires reduced time and effort to perform. We carried out a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by high-resolution melting (qRT-PCR/HRM) curve analysis.

Materials and Methods: In this study, qRT-PCR was conducted on a partial fragment S1 gene followed by a high resolution melting curve analysis (qRT-PCR/HRM) on 23 IBV-positive samples in Jordan. For this assay, we utilized the most common IBV vaccine strains (Mass and 4/91) as a reference in the HRM assay. To evaluate the discrimination power of the qRT-PCR/ HRM, we did the sequencing of the partial S1 gene.

Results: It was shown that HRM was able to classify IBV samples into four clusters based on the degree of similarity between their melting points: The first cluster exhibited the highest similarity to the 4/91 strain, while the second was similar to the Mass-related IBV strain. Although the third cluster contained the highest number of samples, it displayed no similarity to any of the reference vaccine strains, and, after comparing them with the sequencing results, we found that the samples in the third cluster were similar to the variant II-like (IS-1494-06) IBV field strain. Finally, the fourth cluster comprised one unique sample that was found to belong to the Q1 IBV strain.

Conclusion: Our developed qRT-PCR/HRM curve analysis was able to detect and rapidly identify novel and vaccine-related IBV strains as confirmed by S1 gene nucleotide sequences, making it a rapid and cost-effective tool.
POLUTAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM EKOSISTEM MANGROVE
Authors: Lestari Lestari
Published: March 2020

HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM. Mangrove is an unique tropical ecosystem with the marine, riverine, terrestrial and atmosphericcomponents influencing the occurrence, speciation, bioavailability and fate of trace chemicals. Mangrove ecosystem are one of the most threatened tropical environment due to habitat loss, aquaculture expansion, overharvesting and increase of pollution load. In this paper, the role of mangrove to act as a sink of pollutants, accumulation and biomagnifications of heavy metals is discussed.
PERKEMBANGAN METODE PEMBENIHAN KEPITING BAKAU
Authors: Permadi Sandi
Published: March 2020

DEVELOPMENT OF MUD CRAB HATCHING METHODS. Indonesia is one of the mud crab exporters. The demand of mud crab products is high, but these products are still dominated by natural catches. Although there are many cultivation efforts, the seeds are still using the catch from nature, which may lead to an unsustainable business. In order to maintain the existing mud crab cultivation business, it is necessary to undertake mass production of crab seeds in an artificial environment, such as in the hatchery or in the laboratory. The research of mud crab larvae maintenance has been carried out in Indonesia since the last four decades, but the results have not been able to produce crab seeds in a mass scale. Therefore, the efforts of hatching crabs in hatcheries must continue for improvement, with techniques and methods should be developed to support sustainable crab enlargement cultivation.
Polydactyly Of The Foot Repair With Circumferential Racquet-Shaped Incision Technique And Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: Case Report And Literature Reviews
Authors: Subarno Saktrio D. , Ibnu Ikhsan M. Idris
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Polydactyly of the foot is the most common anomaly in congenital diseases. This abnormality is characterized by the presence of additional digits outside the normal complement of the foot. Polydactyly has reported about 1 in 1,000 births. The Watanabe classification is used in assessing polydactyly in the feet as a fifth ray duplication. Various operating techniques can sometimes be an option. Each method has advantages and disadvantages that can be considered in the selection of surgical in the correction polydactyly.

Patient and Method: we report a case of polydactyly of the foot reconstruction using circumferential racquet-shaped incision, osteotomy and collateral ligament reconstruction that was carried out at Bahteramas Hospital, Kendari. A circumferential racquet-shaped incision design was performed over the sixth MTP joint. Complete excision of the lateral sixth toe was performed, followed by osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal lateral head with a micro-sagittal oscillating saw. The collateral ligament was reconstructed using ligamentoperiosteal flap and fixed using syringe needle to replace K-Wire.

Result : After postoperative control for 3 months the patient was declared good wound healingConclusion: Optimal surgical planning, good patient orientation and surgical techniques that are carefully considered are essential for optimal results. Herein, we report a case of polydactyly and racquet shaped incision technique performed to reconstruct the polydactyly.
Pure Propaganda or Great Art, Patriotism and Civic Engagement? How Aeschylus and Euripides Used Their Plots to Support Athenian Politics towards the Allies
Authors: Śmiechowicz Olga
Published: March 2020

In this article I would like to focus on one research topic: how ancient tragedians manipulated their drama plots (based on Greek mythology) so as to use them for influencing Athenian “international policies.” Those were not any mistakes or airs of nonchalance on the part of the Athenian tragedians; it was just their carefully premeditated strategy of creating persuasive messages to function as pure propaganda. I am chiefly directing my attention to the topic of how the Athenians established their relations with the allies. Meaning the closest neighbours as well as some of those who did not belong in the circle of the Hellenic civilization. I have decided to devote all of my attention to Aeschylus’ and Euripides’ works, as both of them were obvious supporters of the democratic faction. I focused my attention on the texts: Aeschylus: The Suppliants, Oresteia; Euripides: Heracleidae, Andromache, Archelaus,Temenos.
The Sacred and the Poetic: The Use of Religious Terminology in Ovid’s Words
Authors: Kaczor Idaliana
Published: March 2020

The article investigates Ovid’s use of religious terminology and imagery, in particular in the Fasti and the Metamorphoses. As an educated Roman citizen, Ovid was conversant with Roman ritual practices and frequently drew on facets of the Roman religious experience in his writing, exploring topics such as ritual performance, religious nomenclature, festivals, customs and traditions. In the article, I argue that Ovid’s treatment of religious material is deliberately uneven. The poet, well-versed in the Roman ritual nomenclature, nevertheless flaunted his technical competence only in the rite-oriented Fasti: in his other works, above all in the myth-laden Metamorphoses, he abandoned drier technical details for artistic flair and poetic imagery, unconstrained by traditional practices of Roman piety. The mythological setting of the latter poem gave Ovid a chance to comment upon universal truths of human nature, espousing the prevailing Roman belief that maintaining good relations with the gods (pax deorum) through collective piety would win Rome divine favour in all her initiatives.
Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarokhani Diana , Sarokhani Mandana , Hasanpour Dehkordi Ali , Ghanei Gheshlagh Reza , Fakhri Moloud
Published: March 2020

Background

Obesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis.

Methods

A number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I2index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1.

Results

In the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6–20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10%–12%) (in girls 8% [95% CI: 7%–10%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 10%–13%]). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%–13%) (in girls 13% [95% CI: 11%–14%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 18%–30%]). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%–16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%–14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%–9%) in high school students.

Conclusions

The prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students.
On nominal tense
Authors: Bertinetto Pier Marco
Published: March 2020

Nordlinger & Sadler’s (2004. Nominal tense in crosslinguistic perspective.Language80. 776–806) seminal work fostered an intense debate on the semantics of nominal tense systems, with the side effect of widening the typological coverage of this grammatical feature. This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate. In contrast with work by Tonhauser, who excluded ‘tense’ as a semantic component of the Paraguayan Guaraní nominal tense system, the paper claims that all TAM dimensions are involved – temporality, aspect, modality – with different proportions in the individual markers. Most importantly, it claims that nominal tense does not presuppose a semantics of its own, other than the one needed for verbal tenses. Moreover, the paper presents evidence that the semantic component of aspect, besides being necessarily activated in any nominal tense marker, is also directly conveyed by some of them, which can legitimately be called ‘nominal aspect’ markers. This integrates Nordlinger & Sadler’s (2004) survey, in which aspect was notably absent. In addition, the paper points out possible cases of nominal actionality (a.k.a. Aktionsart). Finally, the paper suggests that the pervasive presence of aspect (and also, but rarely, actionality) among nominal tense markers finds interesting parallels in some types of deverbal nominalizations, although these belong in another grammatical drawer.
KLIMPRAX Stadtklima: Ansätze für eine hitzeangepasste Stadtplanung
Authors: Hoeckner Harald , Stecking Michaela , Singer-Posern Sonja
Published: March 2020

Verursacht durch den Klimawandel steigen die Temperaturen und belasten die Bewohner unserer Städte. Nicht alle Menschen leiden gleich unter Hitze. Alter und Armut können zu intensiverer Belastung führen. Die Stadtplanung ist gefragt, dieser Problematik entgegenzuwirken. Das vorliegende Projekt stellt eine Methodik vor, die Rückschlüsse auf das gesundheitliche Risiko durch Hitze besonderer Gruppen erlaubt, demografische, sozioökonomische und Klimadaten kombiniert und Planungshinweise gibt.
Intersektorale Zusammenarbeit zum Thema Klima in einer Kommunalverwaltung
Authors: Looks Peggy , Reinfried Franziska , Geishecker Freya
Published: March 2020

Umweltbezogene Gesundheitsvorsorge wird zunehmend ein Thema des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes. Um die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels angehen zu können, bedarf es ämterübergreifender Zusammenarbeit. Dies benötigt Voraussetzungen sowohl auf Seiten der Beschäftigten als auch auf Seiten der Verwaltungsstruktur. Das theoretische Konzept des Health in all Policies bildet die Grundlage für das Handeln. Am Beispiel der Stadt Dresden wird beschrieben, wie dies gelingen kann.
Auswirkungen extremer Wetterereignisse auf die psychische Gesundheit – eine Erörterung von Effekten im Globalen Süden
Authors: Rataj Elisabeth , Garthus-Niegel habil. Susan
Published: March 2020

Extremwetterereignisse nehmen durch den Klimawandel zu. Zu den gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen zählen psychische Erkrankungen. Diese stellen besonders im Globalen Süden eine hohe Gesundheitslast dar. Sie sind ungenügend erfasst und erforscht.
Insights into the neuropathology of cerebral ischemia and its mechanisms
Authors: Ahad Mohamad Anuar , Kumaran Kesevan Rajah , Ning Tiang , Mansor Nur Izzati , Effendy Mohamad Azmeer , Damodaran Thenmoly , Lingam Kamilla , Wahab Habibah Abdul , Nordin Norshariza , Liao Ping , Müller Christian P. , Hassan Zurina
Published: March 2020

Cerebral ischemia is a result of insufficient blood flow to the brain. It leads to limited supply of oxygen and other nutrients to meet metabolic demands. These phenomena lead to brain damage. There are two types of cerebral ischemia: focal and global ischemia. This condition has significant impact on patient’s health and health care system requirements. Animal models such as transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and permanent occlusion of extracranial vessels have been established to mimic the conditions of the respective type of cerebral ischemia and to further understand pathophysiological mechanisms of these ischemic conditions. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia in order to identify therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment. Here, we review the neuropathologies that are caused by cerebral ischemia and discuss the mechanisms that occur in cerebral ischemia such as reduction of cerebral blood flow, hippocampal damage, white matter lesions, neuronal cell death, cholinergic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, cytotoxic oedema, a decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), malfunctioning of Na+/K+-ATPase, and the blood-brain barrier breakdown. Altogether, the information provided can be used to guide therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia.
METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING THE MODEL OF COMPUTING PROCESSBASED ON PETRI NET
Authors: Paulin Oleg N. , Komleva Nataliia O. , Marulin Stanislav U. , Nikolenko Anatolii O.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the work is to improve the quality of the computational process that solves the problem, due to its modeling and debugging based on the Petri net. The quality of the computational process is understood as the absence of errors (looping, paralysis, unreliability of some fragment, etc.) and its optimization according to the criterion of minimum complexity. The new approach to the analysis of the computational process, based on preliminary modeling by Petri nets of both fragments of computational processes and complete computational processes, is proposed. This will reveal many errors at the stage of modeling the computational process. The computational process is considered as a set of macrooperations, which are functionally, completed operations of various hierarchical levels. To locate macrooperations in a computational process, it is decomposed into elementary (basic) computational constructions. A statement that any computing process can be constructed on the basis of a relatively small number of macrooperations is formulated. To implement the new approach, the task of developing a method for constructing a Petri net according to a given computational process is formulated and solved. The essence of the proposed method consists in dividing the computational process into macrooperations, building a Petri net fragment for each macrooperation, modeling all fragments, assembling a complete Petri net from network fragments and modeling it. To implement the method, a procedure for constructing a computational process model is being developed. The stages of this procedure are described: decomposition of the computational process into macrooperations according to the proposed rules, translation of macrooperations into fragments of the Petri net and their modeling, collection of the complete Petri net by the proposed rules, and modeling the resulting Petri net. The results of the implementation of all stages of the procedure are recorded in the library, the aim of which is the accumulation of knowledge about the computational processes corresponding to them Petri nets and modeling results. This allows us to simplify the process of modeling a new computing process through the use of already debugged fragments. If the computational process contains errors or is not optimal, it is corrected, which allows to improve its quality according to the above criteria. By the example of sorting by inserts, the correctness of the operation of the constructed Petri net using the declared method is experimentally confirmed.
THE STRATEGY OF METACOGNITION TO IMPROVE PROBLEM SOLVING COMPETENCY IN KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
Authors: Himawan Nur Arviyanto , Winarti Winarti
Published: March 2020

STRATEGI METAKOGNISI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MATERI TEORI KINETIK GASAbstractMetacognition is the most important part of problem solving, in which students control consciously the cognition activity in planning, monitoring and evaluating the physics problem solving. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of metacognition strategies to problem solving ability. This research is quasi experiment with nonequivalent control grup design. The sample consist of class XI MIPA 1 as a control class and XI MIPA 2 as experiment class. The test technique used is form of a description sheet to obtain problem solving skill data, while the nontest technique used is form of an observation sheet to obtain learning activity data. Problem solving skill data is analyzed by quantitative method using descriptive statistic. The result of  research indicates that there is an influence of metacognition strategies to student problem solving skill. There is an increase in problem solving ability in experiment class with 0.61 of N-Gain grade (medium), which is higher than control class. Observation result indicates that student learning activity in experiment class is higher than that in control class.AbstrakMetakognisi merupakan bagian penting dalam proses pemecahan masalah, dimana siswa secara sadar mengontrol aktivitas kognisi dalam merencanakan, memantau serta mengevaluasi pemecahan masalah fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi metakognisi terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan nonequivalent control grup design. Sampel terdiri dari kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Digunakan teknik tes berupa lembar soal uraian untuk memperoleh data kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan teknik non tes berupa lembar observasi untuk memperoleh data tentang aktivitas belajar. Data kemampuan pemecahan masalah dianalisis dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi metakognisi terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada kelas eksperimen dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,61 (sedang), yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Hasil observasi menunjukkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM CONSTRUCTING EXPLANATIONS AND DESIGNING SOLUTIONS MATERI GERAK DAN GAYA
Authors: Cahyanti Tiara Obrilian , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: March 2020

ANALYSIS OF THE ABILITY IN CONSTRUCTING EXPLANATIONS AND DESIGNING SOLUTIONS OF STUDENTS ON FORCE AND MOTION AbstractThis study is aimed to determine the Constructing explanations and designing solutions ability among students in Force and Motion  subject. The result was analyzed by descriptive methode to describe the Constructing explanations and designing solutions ability among junior high school student. The sample of this study included 128 students of four junior high schools; SMP N 1 Jaten, SMP N 1 Kebakkramat, SMP N 3 Surakarta, and SMP N 5 Surakarta. The results showed that the ability of students in constructing explanations and designing solutions in each aspect below 55%. The percentage of the student’s Constructing explanations and designing solutions ability in each sub-subject was on the moderate category, then there should be a treatment to improve the students' Constructing explanations and designing solutions ability. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kemampuan siswa dalam Constructing explanations and designing solutions pada materi Gerak dan Gaya kelas VIII SMP. Penelitian ini menerapkan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kemampuan siswa dalam Constructing explanations and designing solutions. Subjek penelitian adalah 128 siswa SMP yang terdiri dari 4 sekolah yaitu SMP N 1 Jaten, SMP N 1 Kebakkramat, SMP N 3 Surakarta, dan SMP N 5 Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam constructing explanations and designing solutions pada masing-masing aspek dibawah 55%.  Selain itu persentase kemampuan siswa dalam Constructing explanations and designing solutions pada masing-masing sub materi masuk dalam kategori sedang, sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam Constructing explanations and designing solutions.
TYPICAL INVESTIGATORY SITUATIONS AND TACTICAL TASKS
WHEN INQUIRING INTO THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
ON FINANCIAL RESOURCES FRAUD
Authors: Hryhorovych P. O.
Published: March 2020

The article proposes the tactics of actions of the investigator (head of the investigative unit) of the bodies, which exercise control over the observance of tax legislation, based on the nature of the known circumstances about the criminal offense and persons involved in its commission. The following investigative situations were distinguished by the results of consideration of allegations and reports of criminal offenses: signs of a crime were found to be the basis for entering information in the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations and the commencement of pre-trial investigation; no crime was detected, why to carry out verification measures in view of Part 1 of Art. 214 of the CPC of Ukraine and in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Operational Investigation Activities”; the fact of committing a criminal offense is not confirmed by the materials of the audit (with the conclusion drawn). It is emphasized that the source of information about the identity of the offender can be considered the search for witnesses, forensic investigation of documents that fixed the registration of the movement of funds from the moment of their unlawful withdrawal from the bank account before carrying out operations on their legalization (laundering). It has been determined that the development of forensic methods of investigation of fraud with financial resources are dominant tactical tasks, while others are subordinate. The analysis of investigative practice shows that cognitive tactical tasks of investigation differ from each other not only in content but also in degree of complexity and, accordingly, by means of solution. It is concluded that the complex application of procedural, operational, search and organizational measures to solve the tactical tasks of the initial stage of investigation of fraud with financial resources are not exhaustive, since it is impossible to formulate universal investigation schemes applicable in any case, how it is impossible to predict the actions of criminals in advance. Therefore, each specific situation of investigation requires the investigator, first of all, creative activity within the framework of criminal procedural regulation on the basis of the generalized practices in science, theoretical provisions and methodological recommendations.
GENERAL-SOCIAL PREVENTION OF ALLEGED MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGES
ON THREATS TO CITIZENS’ SAFETY, DESTRUCTION, OR DAMAGE TO OBJECTS
Authors: Dordiai V. I.
Published: March 2020

The article looks at the main groups of measures to prevent deliberately false messages about threats to citizens’ security, destruction or damage to property at the social level. Social prevention includes a system of economic, political, legal, cultural and educational measures aimed at overcoming crisis processes in society, in particular, such as unemployment, social inequality, political tension, legal nihilism, moral decline and the spiritual crisis. The implementation of such measures also influences the factors that cause crime, which can reduce the level of the latter. It is emphasized that general social prevention has an important criminological aspect, because it is the foundation, the basis of special criminological prevention. Socio-economic measures to prevent deliberately misrepresenting threats to the safety of citizens, destroying or damaging property are analyzed. It is emphasized that these measures occupy one of the central places in the system of preventive activity of the general social level. It is stated that, according to the constitutional approach, socially oriented policy is a part of internal state policy. It is summarized that practically all socio-economic transformations of our society at the present stage belong to all-social crime prevention measures. The general social level of crime prevention is largely determined by the state of the state’s economy, political situation, and the level of material state of the population. Among the socio-political measures are highlighted overcoming the political crisis, resolving the military conflict, overcoming corruption in public authorities. The most important cultural and educational activities are the organization of leisure, educational work, promotion of healthy lifestyles and sports. As a conclusion, it is stated that socially oriented and economically justified state policy by itself contains a set of general social measures for prevention of crimes, including – deliberately false reports about threat to the safety of citizens, destruction or damage to property objects.
Task Closings in L2 Text-Chat Interactions
Authors: Abe Makoto , Roever Carsten
Published: March 2020

Employing a CA-inspired methodological approach, this study investigates L2 learners’ interactional competence for dyadic interaction via text chat. Fiftythree dyads of Japanese learners of English at three proficiency levels (high, mid, and low) participated in this study, where they worked on three discussion tasks in L2 English. The data were 97 participant-generated task closings, which were analyzed in terms of linguistic repertoire and sequence organizations of terminal exchanges between participants in a dyad, and summonsanswer sequences between participants and the researcher. The data showed that the participants recurrently implemented a sequence of soliciting and providing an agreement on the idea for task accomplishment to signal a forthcoming closing of task talk. The findings indicated that more proficient learners produced more extended sequences in conducting closing rituals. Some highproficiency learners explicitly mentioned, or interacted with, the researcher, a third party, to initiate task closing or reformulate crossed messages in closing the talk. These findings provide insights into online L2 interactional competence in text-based CMC media.
Researching Identity and L2 Pragmatics in Digital Stories
Authors: García-Pastor María Dolores
Published: March 2020

This study explores college EFL learners’ construction of identity through the analysis of their pragmatic choices in digital stories, in which they narrated their relationship with another person they had helped in the past. More specifically, such choices were examined following Relational Dialectics Theory in learners’ enactments of "connection" with and "autonomy" from this person. A specific view of identity in language education, the notion of "relational work" in (im)politeness research, and a social semiotic framework were also employed in data analysis. Learners’ pragmatic choices ranged from the selection of the topic of their narratives according to types of social bonds, to the use of specific semiotic resources to build identities in conflict episodes of their stories (i.e., positive identities for themselves and positive and negative identities for their relational partners). The construction of these identities paralleled relational parties’ convergent and divergent moves towards connection and autonomy, revealing their relational work. Learners used different semiotic resources in resolution episodes, which enabled them to craft positive identities for themselves as experts, teachers, and learners as well as position their relational partner as a competent agent and shape the connection-autonomy dialectic as "superiority-equality".
Introducción
Authors: Falgueras-Sorauren Ignacio
Published: March 2020

Este texto introduce la sección monográfica del presente volumen de Studia Poliana dedicada a los temas de economía y empresa.
Dialogicity of faith: Tomáš Halík, Joseph Ratzinger and Józef Tischner
Authors: Manikowski Maciej
Published: March 2020

In the philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of faith, especially in the context of the man in whose life the faith is the response, we concluded that faith has the dialogical character, that means that faith existed only in the dialog – in the dialog with God, in the dialog with another man, in the dialog with community. The dialogical faith points that the man, like in the patristic and contemporary orthodox theology, is the being which exists only for the another, and existed in that kind it is truly the person. This is also the main thesis of the philosophy of dialogue.
EVALUASI UJI PROFISIENSI WEPAL 2015.1 PADA CUPLIKAN TANAH
Authors: Syahfitri Woro Yatu Niken , Kurniawati Syukria , Adventini Natalia , Damastuti Endah , Lestiani Diah Dwiana , Santoso Muhayatun
Published: March 2020

EVALUASI UJI PROFISIENSI WEPAL 2015.1 PADA CUPLIKAN TANAH. Pengendalian kualitas prosedur analitik sangat penting untuk menghasilkan data analisis yang andal.  Partisipasi dalam program uji profisiensi yang diselenggarakan oleh WEPAL (Wageningen Evaluating Programmes for Analytical Laboratories) 2015.1, merupakan salah satu proses penting untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan ketepatan teknik analisis yang digunakan di laboratorium serta dalam peningkatan pemanfaatan reaktor riset. Cuplikan ISE (International Soil Analytical Exchange) diiradiasi pada fasilitas rabbit system dan dianalisis menggunakan metode AAN (Analisis Aktivasi Neutron). Evaluasi kinerja metode dilakukan dengan uji akurasi dan Z-score. Unsur yang dilaporkan sebanyak 14 unsur yang meliputi  Al, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sc, Ti, V dan Zn. Berdasarkan hasil analisis14 unsur yang dilaporkan, 57,1-78,6% memuaskan dengan |Z| ≤ 2; 7,14-21,4% dipertanyakan dengan 2<|Z|<3 dan 21,4-35,7% tidak memuaskan dengan |Z| ≥ 3. Pada hasil yang tidak memuaskan/outlier dilakukan tindakan perbaikan dan hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat kesesuaian dengan nilai Z-score berkisar antara -2<Z<2. Secara umum, metode AAN baik untuk analisis multielemen matrik tanah dengan hasil analisis yang andal dan tingkat validitas yang baik.Kata kunci : uji profisiensi, AAN, tanah.