bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews
Authors: Poonwassie Deo , Owen Michael , Blunt Adrian , Kachur Jerry , Moss Gwenna
Published: August 2020

The International Yearbook of Education, Productive work in education and training: A state-of-the-art in Eastern Africa by Wim Hoppers and Donatus Komba, A new partnership: Indigenous peoples and the United Nations by Judith P. Zinsser reviewed by Deo H. Poonwassie.

The University-Industry Relationship in Science and Technology by Jerome Doutriaux and Margaret Barker, reviewed by Michael Owen.

Protestant Educational Conceptions, Religious Ideology and Schooling Practices: Selected Papers edited by Jean-Pierre Bastian and Rosa del Carmen Bruno-Jofre, reviewed by Michael Owen.

Literacy, culture, and development: Becoming literate in Morocco by D.A. Wagner, reviewed by Adrian Blunt.

Alpha 94: Literacy and cultural development strategies in rural areas, edited by J. Hautecoeur, reviewed by Adrian Blunt.

Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections by Alan C. Kerckhoff, reviewed by Jerry Kachur.

Teaching Improvement Practices: Successful Strategies for Higher Education by W. Alan Wright and Associates, reviewed by Gwenna Moss.
Efficacy and safety of a new vedolizumab subcutaneous formulation in Japanese patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kobayashi Taku , Ito Hiroaki , Ashida Toshifumi , Yokoyama Tadashi , Nagahori Masakazu , Inaba Tomoki , Shikamura Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Takayoshi , Hori Tetsuharu , Pinton Philippe , Watanabe Mamoru , Hibi Toshifumi
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: A subgroup analysis was conducted in Japanese patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) enrolled in the phase 3 VISIBLE 1 study, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new vedolizumab subcutaneous (SC) formulation.Methods: Eligible patients received open-label infusions of vedolizumab 300 mg intravenous (IV) at weeks 0 and 2 in the induction phase. Patients with clinical response by complete Mayo score at week 6 entered the double-blind maintenance phase and were randomized to vedolizumab 108 mg SC every 2 weeks, placebo, or vedolizumab 300 mg IV every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical remission (complete Mayo score ≤ 2 points; no individual subscore > 1 point) at week 52.Results: Of 49 patients who entered the induction phase, 22 out of 49 patients (45%) had clinical response at week 6 and were randomized to vedolizumab 108 mg SC (n = 10), placebo (n = 10), or vedolizumab 300 mg IV (n = 2). At week 52, 4 out of 10 patients (40%) who received vedolizumab SC had clinical remission versus 2 out of 10 patients (20%) who received placebo (difference: 20% [95% confidence interval, –27.9 to 61.8]). Two patients (2/10, 20%) who received vedolizumab SC experienced an injection-site reaction versus none who received placebo.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the efficacy of vedolizumab SC in a subgroup of Japanese patients with UC are similar with those in the overall VISIBLE 1 study population, and with those established with vedolizumab IV. The safety and tolerability of vedolizumab SC were generally similar to that established for vedolizumab IV. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02611830; EudraCT 2015-000480-14)
Temporal trend in the natural history of ulcerative colitis in a country with a low incidence of ulcerative colitis from 2000 through 2018
Authors: Aniwan Satimai , Limsrivilai Julajak , Pongprasobchai Supot , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Prueksapanich Piyapan , Kongtub Natanong , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Thailand (crude incidence rate of 0.28 per 100,000 persons) is much lower than in the West. The burden of UC varies in different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural history of UC over the two decades in Bangkok, Thailand.Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were diagnosed with UC between 2000 and 2018 in 2 university hospitals. To evaluate changes in the disease course, we stratified patients into 2000–2009 cohort and 2010–2018 cohort. The cumulative probability of endoscopic healing, UC-related hospitalization and colectomy was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: A total of 291 UC patients were followed for total of 2,228 person-years. Comparison between 2 cohorts, there were no differences in disease pattern and severity whereas an increase in the combination use of oral and topical mesalamine and the early use of thiopurine was observed. Only 1% of patients for each cohort required biologic agent at 5 years. The rate of achieving mucosal healing increased from 15% to 46% at 3 years (P< 0.01). The rate of UC-related hospitalization decreased from 30% to 21% at 5 years (P< 0.05). The rate of colectomy decreased from 6% to 2% at 5 years (P< 0.05).Conclusions: The natural history of UC in a low incidence country was less aggressive than the West. Over the past two decades, the rates of UC-related hospitalization and colectomy have been decreasing which were similar to the West.
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Khanna Sahil
Published: August 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common diarrheal illness with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations and complications. The most common infectious complication associated with IBD is Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Active IBD predisposes to CDI due to alterations in the gut microbiome. C. difficile is a toxin producing bacterium leading to worsening of underlying IBD, increasing the risk of IBD treatment failure and an increased risk of hospitalization and surgery. Since the symptoms of CDI overlap with those of an IBD flare; it is prudent to recognize that the diagnosis of CDI is challenging and diagnostic tests (nucleic-acid and toxin-based assays) should be interpreted in context of symptoms and test performance. First line treatments for management of CDI in IBD include vancomycin or fidaxomicin. Recurrence prevention strategies should be implemented to mitigate recurrent CDI risk. One needs to monitor IBD disease progression and manage immunosuppression. The risk of recurrent CDI after a primary infection is higher in IBD compared to non-IBD patients. Microbiota restoration therapies are effective to prevent recurrent CDI in IBD patients. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, outcomes and management of both CDI and IBD, in CDI complicating IBD.
Factors determining parasite abundance in European perch, Perca fluviatilis, European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in an oligotrophic lake, southern Norway
Authors: Olk Tom Robin , Henriksen Ann-Cecilie , Dolven Solveig Irene , Haukø Mathias Leithe , Lydersen Espen , Mo Tor Atle
Published: August 2020

Time and spatial variations in macroparasite status were investigated in European perch, Perca fluviatilis, European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus in Lake Norsjø (Southern Norway), based on gillnet fishing in three locations in the spring, summer, and fall 2018. In addition, length, weigth, age, sex, δ13C, and δ15N were determined. Parasite abundance was modelled using negative binomial generalized linear models in relation to fish metrics, season, and sampling location. The most prevalent parasite species were determined by the diet and habitat of the host. European perch was mainly infected by acanthocephalans, European whitefish mainly infected by acanthocephalans and cestodes, and Arctic charr mainly infected by cestodes. The most prevalent parasites in European perch are transmitted by benthic animals. Parasites in European whitefish are transmitted by both benthic animals and copepods, while the most prevalent parasites in Arctic charr are copepod transmitted. This corresponds well with the δ13C signatures in the three species, indicating that European perch primarily fed in the littoral zone (δ13C: -24.9 ± 2.5 ‰), Arctic charr in the pelagic and profundal zone (δ13C: -29.4 ± 1.1 ‰), while European whitefish both fed in the littoral and pelagic zone (δ13C: -28.3 ± 2.3 ‰) of Lake Norsjø. Individual abundances of parasites depended on host age, length, sex, δ15N, and season. Positive correlations between parasite abundance and host age, length, or trophic level measured as δ15N were most common, and occurred in all three host species. Many parasites accumulate with age, and larger hosts provide more diverse habitats for parasites.
ascenso “pacífico” de China: la moral en la política exterior hacia América Latina
Authors: Fierro De Jesús Tonatiuh
Published: August 2020

El artículo analiza el uso recurrente de la retórica moral en la política exterior de China hacia América Latina en los gobiernos de Hu Jintao y Xi Jinping, con el fin de procurar y mantener un ambiente “pacífico”, para lograr el plan de rejuvenecimiento nacional en 2049. Argumenta que frente a las hipótesis de la “amenaza china” hechas en Occidente, China ha recurrido a los valores morales para disuadir tales temores en sus relaciones políticas internacionales. Después de estudiar la vinculación entre la moral y la política exterior desde la problematización teórica, se examina cómo se integra y ejecuta la moralidad en la política exterior económica y en la política multilateral de China en la CELAC y la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta. Concluye que existe un desfase y una tensión persistente entre el discurso moral del gobierno chino con el no reconocimiento y la responsabilidad de proteger los derechos de las comunidades locales y el medioambiente en los territorios latinoamericanos de Estados frágiles, donde tienen presencia sus proyectos económicos.
Congruencia de los BRICS en la agenda de seguridad internacional. El caso del conflicto armado sirio (período 2011–2015)
Authors: Guillermo Guerrero Mario
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo parte del postulado teórico de que la institucionalización de las dinámicas asociativas entre los agentes aumenta su cooperación y acción colectiva, incluso cuando hablamos de cooperación internacional entre naciones. Por ende, nuestro propósito es analizar este fenómeno a escala internacional, observando cómo Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica, hicieron uso del espacio institucional de los BRICS con los fines de construir un posicionamiento conjunto frente a temáticas de la agenda política internacional, en este caso respecto del conflicto sirio. Para ello, se realizará un análisis del discurso que permita sistematizar el posicionamiento del grupo, partiendo del estudio de la documentación oficial de los BRICS (específicamente hablando, las summits presidenciales surgidas en el seno de las reuniones anuales del grupo) respecto de las posiciones adoptadas frente al Caso Siria a lo largo del período 2011–2015.
Partnership among Librarians: Reflection on Observations, Interviews and Research Reports from Three Universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe
Authors: Enakrire Rexwhite T. , Chisita Collence T. , Adeyinka Tella
Published: August 2020

Partnership is not a new phenomenon in the university environment. It embraces strategies used by people with common interest to harvest knowledge in terms of sharing or collaboration. However, the case differs with collaborations in Library and Information Science (LIS) research in Africa, especially LIS scholars in African universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Paucity of empirical literature is available on research collaboration among LIS scholars in Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The purpose of the study was to examine partnership among librarians, with reflection on observation and interview research reports in three universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach using interview to gather data from librarians drawn from three Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The qualitative research approach grounded on content analysis of documents/literature, observation and interview method was use for the study. The observation focus on the authors’ exposition in the sampled universities environment, while the interview were key informants from each of the three countries universities sampled. The study consider the collaborative theory through grounded method. The findings of the study revealed lack of trust in the individual or groups collaborator; team members have the feeling that the project they are collaborating on is of little benefit, due to poor relationship. Team members see themselves as contender or challenger; which has affected leadership issue and involvement of long meetings and inability to address the truth. In terms of the influence of collaboration on professional growth of librarians, result demonstrated enhancement of teaching aspect of librarianship, learning and research quality; promote cooperation, coordination, which in turn increased level of intensity, tenacity and interaction among members. Linkage among LIS professional ranges from networking, cooperation, alliances, coordination and partnership, coalition and eventually collaboration. Challenges reported include catastrophic consequent on negative effect of work, culture and stylistic parameters including concept, attitude and professional hindrances. dominance impact of policies and procedures of collaboration, exploitation of the weak members, lack of clarity and rationale behind the collaboration, unwillingness to change by members in collaboration, lack of socialisation, largeness of the group, wrong membership and jettisoning of members ideas which eventually make some members take the decision of quitting the team. The study recommends inter-disciplinary, intra-institutional and inter-institutional collaboration among various stakeholders in LIS education and training.
Junior baccalaureate nursing students: Factors that predict success
Authors: Smith Ellen M.T.
Published: August 2020

Baccalaureate nursing education strives toward comprehensive preparation of diverse nursing students to meet current healthcare workforce demands. Identification of factors that predict academic success is imperative to meet this goal. The purpose of this study was to discover whether specific academic and noncognitive variables predicted baccalaureate nursing students’ academic success, as defined by junior-year grade point average (GPA) and persistence in nursing education. This post-facto correlational study was conducted over two semesters. Junior year nursing students (N = 150) answered the Short Grit Survey and the Noncognitive Questionnaire, and their academic records were examined for previous college grades (GPAs) and SAT scores. Demographic groups were compared using t-tests, and the data were regressed on junior-year student GPAs and persistence in the major to determine predictors of success. Several significant differences between the participant group responses were noted. Only early-college GPAs predicted junior-year success. SAT scores, grit and noncognitive factors, as well as demographic variables, did not predict academic success. These results inform baccalaureate education programs about priorities for admitting and advising students, and support the use of early-college GPAs to predict the academic success of junior-year baccalaureate nursing students.
Relationships between Students’ Socioeconomic Status, Parental Support, Students’ Hindering, Teachers’ Hindering and Students’ Literacy Scores: PISA 2018
Authors: Çoban Ömür
Published: August 2020

This research was conducted in Turkey and it examined the relationships between fifteen-year-old students’ PISA 2018 literacy scores and student-level and school-level variables. This study aimed to examine the relationships between students’ hindering, teachers’ hindering, socioeconomic status, parental support and student achievement. The research is a correlational study. A relational screening model was used in this research. Six thousand eight hundred and ninety students from one hundred and eighty-six schools in twelve regions of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) Level 1 joined PISA 2018 in Turkey. OECD selected these students randomly. In PISA 2018, school sampling was determined by a stratified random sampling method. Teachers’ hindering, students’ hindering questionnaires are from the school principals’ questionnaire and the parental support questionnaire was taken from the student questionnaire. Additionally, students’ genders and their socioeconomic status were taken from the background questionnaire. To analyze these variables, a hierarchic linear model was used. Multilevel structural modeling (MSEM) was selected and Bayesian estimation with latent variables was performed. There are direct relationships between students’ genders, socioeconomic status, teachers’ hindering behaviors, students’ hindering behaviors, parental support and Turkish students’ reading skill scores. There is also an indirect relationship between teachers’ hindering behavior and students’ reading skill scores via students’ hindering behavior.
On the Effect of Inferiority on Love in Of Human Bondage Based on Inferiority Compensation Theory
Authors: Zeng Xiu
Published: August 2020

Of Human Bondage, one of W. S. Maugham’s great works, is supposed to be created on the basis of the real life of the author. It centers on the psychological growth of the hero, Philip, from a crippled boy to a mentally matured man. Following Alfred Adler’s theory of inferiority compensation, through a close look into Philip’s experiences with different women in his life, this paper tries to probe into the effect that the initial inferiority in Philip could produce on his view of love and also on his mentality and aims to explore the compensation Philip seeks to get for what he is deprived of in his early age.
The Effects of Integrating Board Games into Ice-breaking Activities in a Fifth-Grade English Class to Reduce Students’ Anxieties
Authors: Chao Chung-yi , Fan Sa-hui
Published: August 2020

Elementary-level English teachers in Taiwan were facing problems caused by students’ bimodal distribution of English achievements. Many of the teachers tried new teaching tools to eliminate the obstacles of teaching. This study was based on a quasi-experimental research design and supplemented by qualitative feedback to explore how the new teaching method, ice-breaking board games, could reduce students’ anxieties of learning English. The researchers combined popular board games, Halli Galli and Alles Tomate, with English words and sentences in ice-breaking activities for 10 weeks in two fifth-grade English classes in Taiwan. Forty-eight fifth-grade students were invited to participate in the study and randomly divided into two equal-sized classes. One class was selected as the experimental group, and the other as the control group. The study lasted for 10 weeks. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) developed by Horwitz et al. (1986) was employed as the instrument to measure students’ English learning anxieties. Quantitative data were analyzed by using independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests as well as descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data (which included the participating students’ feedback and teacher’s reflection notes) were analyzed through content analysis. The research findings suggested that integrating board games in English teaching as ice-breaking activities did not effectively reduce students’ overall foreign language anxiety. However, the descriptive statistics and qualitative data revealed that the constructs of anxiety for both groups had changed in opposite directions, and ice-breaking board games appeared to be more impactful in reducing certain aspects of anxiety construct, namely, communication apprehension.
Neoliberal Policies and English Language Education in Turkey
Authors: Ulum Omer Gokhan
Published: August 2020

Turkey has adopted a new trend regarding English-medium education in recent decades. The development of capitalism has also affected Turkey and the Turkish education system. The Turkish Council of Higher Education has aspired to make higher education in Turkey more global and international. Therefore, the British Council has prepared a report to show the situation of English in Turkey. It has been found that Turkey needs serious ameliorations in many ways in the sphere of English-medium instruction. The report findings show that Turkey can develop economically more if it can endorse English-based education. The popularity of neoliberalism has shown its effects in Turkish higher education. Therefore, English has been prioritized as a result of neoliberalism. In the future, the situation of English can be evaluated by teachers, scholars, students, policymakers, and international organizations. The findings also show that The Turkish Council of Higher Education believes that the British Council has contributed to the development of English in Turkey following neoliberal policies.
The Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Enhancing Saudi Students’ Competence in Paragraph Writing
Authors: AlRouji O
Published: August 2020

Blended learning approach has become an emerging trend in the field of education and has caught the attention and interest of many researchers as a new approach to encourage students in their learning process. The present study aimed at examining the effectiveness of blended learning in improving Saudi EFL students’ English paragraph writing at Shaqra University. The sample of the study consists of 70 EFL students at Shaqra University. The experiment was conducted for six weeks (2018). A pre-test and post-paragraph writing test was used to measure the effectiveness of the blended learning in enhancing paragraph writing skills. Results showed that there were significant differences in the mean scores of the control group (traditional teaching mode) and the experimental group (blended learning) in favor of the experimental group. This proved the effectiveness of blended learning approach in developing Saudi students’ competence in paragraph writing.
Genre Analysis of Saudi Universities’ Websites: Analysis of Rhetorical Moves and Discursive Strategies for Marketization Purposes
Authors: Alhojailan Ahmad I.
Published: August 2020

The field of education has experienced numerous shifts, including internationalization, greater competitiveness and collaboration, and globalization. Today, higher education branding has become a common trend. To differentiate themselves in the business world, universities apply different branding techniques and this study aims to examine how some Saudi universities advertise themselves. Incorporating Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study analyzes the “About Us” sections of seven Saudi universities’ websites to explore the rhetorical moves and discursive strategies employed for marketization purposes. The selected universities all featured in the top 1000 universities in the QS World University Rankings 2020. The results show diversity in these universities’ choices of implemented rhetorical moves and sub-moves. They used eight rhetorical moves and 13 sub-moves, with only one of these sub-moves occurring on all seven universities’ websites. The discursive strategies were employed to foster self-promotion, while the results demonstrated that the “About Us” sections of all universities were promotional. Finally, some recommendations are provided for universities for marketization purposes if they want to be global and compete with other international universities in the higher education market, in addition to providing suggestions for future studies.
Het vaststellen van wilsonbekwaamheid bij patiënten met dementie ter zake van beslissingen over het beëindigen van hun leven
Authors: Rozemond N.
Published: August 2020

Het vaststellen van wilsonbekwaamheid bij patiënten met dementie ter zake van beslissingen over het beëindigen van hun leven

Volgens de Wet levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding is euthanasie bij wilsonbekwame patiënten met dementie toegestaan op grond van een schriftelijke wilsverklaring. Voor het vaststellen van wilsonbekwaamheid kunnen de regels daarvoor worden gevolgd uit de Wet zorg en dwang psychogeriatrische en geestelijk gehandicapte cliënten.
Naschrift bij reactie Van Rossum c.s. op ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’
Authors: van der Most J.M.
Published: August 2020

Naschrift bij reactie Van Rossum c.s. op ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’

Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van huisarts geschiedt te zijnen behoeve met de patiënt als derde. De kosten zijn daarom kosten van huisartsenzorg die vallen onder de vrijstelling van het eigen risico voor diens zorg.
Kroniek rechtspraak zorgverzekeringsrecht
Authors: van Balen C. , Michels C.M.E.
Published: August 2020

Kroniek rechtspraak zorgverzekeringsrecht

Deze kroniek bevat een selectie van gepubliceerde rechtspraak die betrekking heeft op de Zorgverzekeringwet (Zvw), de Algemene Wet Bijzondere Ziektekosten (AWBZ) en de Wet langdurige zorg (Wlz), en beslaat de periode 1 januari 2019 tot 1 april 2020.
Ethiek, liberalisme en gemeenschap
Authors: De Witte Pieter
Published: August 2020

Ethics, liberalism and community – Some thoughts about restorative justice and the ethics of care

This article considers Christopher D. Marshall’s proposal to draw a connection between the ethics of care and restorative justice. The ethics of care tradition is critical of the modern liberal interpretation of morality as a rational endeavor based on universal principles. The article attempts to spell out the ethical and political implications of adopting this fundamental viewpoint in the context of restorative justice. On the ethical level, the ethics of care may remind the tradition of restorative justice of its essential reliance on the concrete moral practices and competences of people that precede any conceptualized normative ethics. On the political level, an ethics of care approach to restorative justice seems to lead to a certain deadlock in that it fails (and refuses) to offer a rational justification of restorative justice practices. On a closer look, the ethics of care can provide such a justification, be it a ‘communitarian’ one.
“I was fed up with this beauty and warmth”. Patointelligence and its helicopter parents
Authors: Galanciak Sylwia , Siwici Marek
Published: August 2020

The article, inspired by the discussion around the song Patointeligencja by Michał Matczak, is an attempt to analyse the basis of the rebellion of teenagers from the so-called good families in the face of parents' expectations and requirements. The context for the analysis is, among others, a phenomenon referred to as helicopter parenthood, which in the case of parents of adolescent children takes the form of excessive interference with their life plans and hinders independence.
Crossing the higher educational divide for people with intellectual disability
Authors: O’Brien Patricia
Published: August 2020

In this paper university life for people with intellectual disability will be described across international boundaries, with a particular emphasis on the model of inclusion at the University of Sydney. How the latter model was developed, researched and implemented will be included in the presentation followed by a critique of positive and challenging outcomes reported by universities that have opened their doors to students with intellectual disability. The student voice and that of lecturing staff will be digitally heard within the presentation exemplifying how unity in diversity has enabled students to self-actualize, through increasing their responsibilities and autonomy as adult learners. In keeping with the philosophy of the Maria Grzegorzewska University it will be argued that inclusion at the higher education level means a “good university for all”. Within the presentation the work of the Inclusive Research Network (IRN) at the Centre for Disability Studies will illustrate how in real life both co-design and co-researching between people with intellectual disabilities and people without can add to the concept of both building unity across diversity and crossing the divide.
Person-centeredness - A Paradigm Shift for Healthcare? From Disease as a “Structural Problem” to Health, Illness and Disease as the “Emergent Outcomes of Complex Adaptive Physiological Network Function”
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim
Published: August 2020

Health and disease are largely seen as structural phenomena - visible changes in tissues and organs, rather than the result of complex adaptive physiological dynamics within the person, constrained by his internal structures and external environments. Health and disease are ecological phenomena; internal structures and external environments provide the landscapes in which the functions - physiological network interactions at the micro and behavioural interactions at the macro level - occur. These interactions are the functional responses in the quest for health and life.Embracing the person as a whole, that is, being person-centered, is thus an expression of a paradigm shift, a shift from the reductionist focus on disease to the complex-adaptive understandings of the person experiencing health, illness and disease.
docility of mind, nobility of soul, sublimity of spirit
Authors: Pheby John
Published: August 2020

No abstract
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). our falling and wretchedness EJPCH 8 (2) 260-262
Authors: Pheby Derek
Published: August 2020

No abstract
yes. and no.
Authors: Pheby John
Published: August 2020

No abstract
Bankroll management in Sit and go poker tournaments
Authors: Lantz Björn
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on Sit and go poker tournaments, where a player with an advantage over her opponents needs to manage her bankroll properly. The study applies the Kelly criterion to games that have several outcomes, where the organizer charges a rake. The premise is that an advantage itself is not enough for a poker player to play at any stakes, because risking too large a fraction of the bankroll will result in a negative expected growth rate, even though the game itself is characterized by a positive expected value. Accordingly, this study uses a formula-based approach to address the challenge of identifying games where the player’s current bankroll has the highest expected growth rate, while also considering differences in the rake.
A Public Choice Perspective on the Legalization of Casino Gaming
Authors: He Miao , Siu Ricardo C. S.
Published: August 2020

The public choice theory is applied in this study to explore the effects of the expected economic benefits and cost of voters in the process of casino legalization. It is shown that in contrast to most voting processes, the emotional inclination of voters and the related changes have an explicit role in determining the decision made on a ballot for casino legalization. A model is therefore proposed based on the existing literature (for e.g., Morton, 1991; Olson, 1965; Riker and Ordeshook, 1968) to show the interactions and decision making process of related policy makers, and beneficiary and anti-gaming groups. The arguments are elaborated and verified by using evidence from New Jersey and Taiwan, where state-wide referendums were adopted as part of the legalization process of casino gaming.
The Demand For Sports Lottery: Evidence from the City of Kumasi in Ghana
Authors: Aflakpui Akofa Adzo , OTENG-ABAYIE ERIC Fosu
Published: August 2020

Formalised sports lottery is fast becoming a craze in Ghana, especially amongst the male populace. There is however no documented research on the demand for this product as well as its effects on the population and economy of Ghana as a whole. This study sought to investigate the factors that influence the demand for sports lottery in Ghana. Based on the expected utility hypothesis, a model was constructed using a binary logistic regression to analyse the characteristics that influence the demand for sports lottery in Ghana. Four hundred respondents were employed in this study where it was realized that 92% out of the about 96% males engaged in sports lottery in Ghana were within the age bracket of 21-40 years. Furthermore, 53.6% of those engaged in sports lottery were reported to be unemployed. Price, gender, age, employment status, monthly income and whether a person has won a bet before were discovered to be significant factors of the demand for sports lottery in Ghana. The study also realized that online lotteries were such as MyBet and Supabet were the most preferred to the offline lottery offered by the National Lottery Authority. Therefore the NLA must redesign their product to meet the demand preferences of the patrons.
Late Money and Betting Market Efficiency: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Gramm Marshall , McKinney C. Nicholas , Parker Randall E.
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the empirical importance of late money on market efficiency in horse race gambling. Our inquiry into the effect of late money on parimutuel pools uses data from Australian thoroughbred horse races over the entire 2006 racing season and includes every race at all thoroughbred tracks. This amounts to 14,854 races with an average of 10.37 starters per race. The evidence overwhelmingly supports the hypotheses that late money is smart money and late money improves market efficiency.
Balancing the book: Is it necessary and sufficient?
Authors: Stark Dudley , Cortis Dominic
Published: August 2020

The solvency of bookmakers has only recently been placed in the spotlight even if it is a multibillion dollar sector. It is industry knowledge that bookmakers attempt to 'balance the book' by adjusting odds in relation to wagers made. This paper proves that the only way that profits are known with certainty is if and only if wagers are in proportion to probabilities implied by odds.
Australian Government Fiscal stimulus programs and gambling activity levels; an analysis of high-ethnic and low-ethnic communities
Authors: D'Rosario Michael
Published: August 2020

The appropriateness of fiscal stimulus programs has come into question in light of the Global financial crisis. Indeed the austerity movement has called into question the economic benefits of large public spending programs. There is, however, a genuine dearth of research considering the impact of fiscal stimulus activities employed during the global financial crisis on spending behaviours, particularly when considering Australian stimulus programs. Much of the extant literature focuses on key matters such as quantitative easing and credit easing. The extant literature relating to fiscal stimulus research is typified by the utilisation qualitative methods to analyse the impact of the stimulus on economic activity. Most studies concern themselves with a handful of pertinent macroeconomic factors in an effort to surmise whether any possess any explanatory power, employing qualitative frameworks for analysis. The current study considers the impact of a discretionary stimulus program is affording a once off payment to Australian citizens on spending behaviour specifically the study shall consider the impact of government stimulus activities on gambling behaviours. Employing dynamic panel estimation methods, specifically the system GMM estimator, the study finds that fiscal stimulus significantly increased gambling activity in Australia, pertinently noting differential impacts within high ethnic and low ethnic communities.
jackpot rollover and lottery regressivity
Authors: Lee Sukhun , Han Ki C , Suk David , Sung Hyunmo
Published: August 2020

have found the lottery to be a regressive form of taxation that varies by game and whose regressivity declines at higher jackpot size.  This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the effect of consumer spending on lottery regressivity during the Mega Millions rollover sequence and reports the following findings.  First, regressivity among six games examined in the paper varies by game and is inversely related to the prize/jackpot size of the game.  Second, an increase in the jackpot size reduces the regressivity for the Mega Millions game, but not for the other five games.  Third, the impact of household income distribution on lottery sales varies by game, and in the case of Mega Millions, by jackpot size as well.  We did not find a significant difference in the demand for the Mega Millions game between below middle-income households and high-income households.  However, the demand by middle and upper-middle income households is significantly higher than the demand by high-income households, especially at a higher jackpot size.  Lastly, as the jackpot size grows over $100 million and higher, a large cash inflow from states with no Mega Millions flows into the New Jersey lottery market.  The majority of the additional cash inflow is spent on the Mega Millions game and there does not appear to be a significant spillover to other New Jersey lottery games.
Slot Revenue Growth in Nevada: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Boylan Scott
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the economic effects of changes in technology on gaming revenue in Nevada between 1984 and 2015. Slots outperformed table games in terms or revenue growth during that time-period. The paper provides evidence that those performance gains are attributable both to increased capacity and increased efficiency. Gains attributable to increased capacity, measured by units-in-service, are indicative of successful industry efforts to tap new market segments. Gains attributable to increased efficiency, measured by revenue-per-unit, are indicative of successful industry efforts to expedite gaming productivity. Additional analysis shows that most of the growth in slot revenue occurred prior to 2002, and was primarily attributable to increased capacity. Between 2002 and 2007, revenue growth was more modest, with most of the gains attributed to improved efficiency. Finally, beginning in 2008, slots began to reflect the effects of the Great Recession, surrendering a significant portion of their revenue gains, with decreases in both capacity and efficiency. These results should be of interest to policy makers and others interested in the determinants of gaming revenue.
Interdependent lotteries and the jackpot model of lottery demand
Authors: Geronikolaou George
Published: August 2020

Bettors may view different gambles either as substitutes or complements. Assuming that the grand prize is the main driver of the demand for multi-prize lottery bets, this paper presents a theory of lottery sales maximization considering possible complementarity or substitutability among different lottery gambles offered by a single operator. Optimal payout ratios are derived accounting not only for interrelation among games but also for their relative popularity. The new profit optimization rule is then applied to a dataset of two Greek lotteries.
The Optimality and Statistical Detection of Price Rigging in Betting Markets
Authors: Schnytzer Adi , Shilony Yuval
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to determine empirically whether or not there is systematic price rigging in three Australian betting markets: Horse, harness and greyhound racing.  We present a simple model which shows the conditions under which it is optimal for insiders to rig prices by deliberate under-performance in some races.  We then show how an empirical analysis of the relationship between win and place probabilities in conjunction with observed patterns of betting behavior, may be used to establish the presence of price rigging.  It is shown that there is no significant systematic price rigging in these markets.
SP Betting as a Self-Enforcing Implicit Cartel
Authors: Schnytzer Adi , Snir Avichai
Published: August 2020

A large share of the UK off-course horse racing betting market involves winning payouts determined at Starting Prices (SP). This implies that gamblers can bet with off-course bookies on any horse before a race at the final pre-race odds as set by on-course bookies for that horse.Given the oligopolistic structure of the off-course gambling market in the UK, a market that is dominated by a small number of large bookmaking firms, we study the phenomenon of SP as a type of self-enforcing implicit collusion. We show that given the uncertainty about a race outcome, and their ability to influence the prices set by on-course bookies, agreeing to lay bets at SP is superior for off-course bookies as compared with offering fixed odds. We thus extend the results of Rotemberg and Saloner (1990) to markets with uncertainty about both demand and outcomes,We test our model by studying the predicted effects of SP betting on the behavior of on-course bookies. Using data drawn from both the UK and Australian on-course betting markets, we show that the differences between these markets are consistent with the predicted effects of SP betting in the UK off-course market and its absence from the Australian market.
Herding in Imperfect Betting Markets with Inside Traders
Authors: Schnytzer Adi , Snir Avichai
Published: August 2020

Herding is often considered as a phenomenon that drives prices of risky assets away from their equilibrium levels. In this paper we study the on-course UK and Australian horse betting markets. These are simple examples of imperfect markets for state-contingent assets. We provide strong evidence of herding behavior and show that the effects of herding are occasionally sufficient to render the markets inefficient even in the weak sense. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that traders with inside information are not always able to arbitrage away the effects of herding.
The Effect of Casinos on Local Labor Markets: A County Level Analysis
Authors: Cotti Chad
Published: August 2020

The economic outcomes surrounding the dramatic spread of “Las Vegas” style casinos in the United States has become a point of great interest and inquiry both politically and academically. Prior research has tended to focus on regional studies and provided uniform conclusions regardless of differences in the nature of the community. Moreover, much of the previous empirical work fails to account for local level trends during estimation. By using a comprehensive data set on employment and earnings from across the US, and by including county-specific trends, this research hopes to alleviate these earlier concerns, as well as help reconcile differences in the early literature surrounding casino effects on related industrial sectors. Basic findings suggest that counties experience an increase in employment after a casino opens, but there seems to be no measurable effect on average earnings. More detailed analysis reveals that the effect on industries related to casinos is somewhat mixed, but in general mildly positive, as casinos provide a positive employment and earnings spillovers into the surrounding local community. Intertemporal estimation suggests that the casino effect changes over time, but also finds that time effects vary across sectors. Estimates of how overall effects vary across different population sizes find that employment growth is inversely related to county population. Finally, additional estimation finds little impact on employment levels in neighboring counties, although there are some small effects in certain industries.I would like to thank Scott Adams, Scott Drewianka, John Heywood, James Peoples, McKinley Blackburn, Keith Bender, Don Siegel, Gary Anders, Doug Walker, and Mike Wentz for their helpful suggestions.  I would also thank David Mustard and Earl Grinols for their help with the data.  Dain Johnson provided valuable research assistance.
EXPLORING VARIATIONS IN ODDS BIAS ACROSS BETTING MEDIA
Authors: Smith Michael A
Published: August 2020

The favourite-longshot bias is estimated for bookmaker odds from 9,006 UK Flat races, and compared to the bias evident in a sample of betting exchange odds from 6,000 races during the same period. The results are compared to similar studies of bias in Tote odds and US pari-mutuel odds. It is suggested that an information model only partially explains variations in the degree of bias between alternative betting media.
A MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE PROBABILITIES OF SOCCER GAME RESULTS
Authors: Ben-David Nissim
Published: August 2020

In this paper, using Israeli soccer tournament results from 2009/2010 and an ordered dependent estimation model I calculated for each team, in each game played during the season, the a priori probability of a win, loss or a tie as a function of lag performance.  Given these probabilities, the average probability that each team would end a game with a win, loss or a tie can be calculated.
MODELING CONSUMERS' PARTICIPATION IN GAMBLING MARKETS AND FREQUENCY OF GAMBLING
Authors: Humphreys Brad , Lee Yang Seung , Soebbing Brian P.
Published: August 2020

Survey data on participation in gambling typically contain many zeros. The presence of many zeros presents methodological problems for the analysis of participation in gambling markets and gambling expenditure. The most common techniques for handling zeros in gambling data have been the Tobit estimator and the Heckman selectivity estimator. Recent research indicates that hurdle models (Jones 1989, 2000) and the Cragg (1971) model, are better suited to analyze participation in gambling. We apply these models to gambling participation in Canada and find that the double hurdle model is preferred in two of the three forms of gambling examined.
ASSESSMENT TOOL TO MEASURE AND EVALUATE THE RISK POTENTIAL OF GAMBLING PRODUCTS: ASTERIG
Authors: Peren Franz W
Published: August 2020

Within an elementary decision of March 28th, 2006 the German Federal Constitutional Court implemented the following: “According to the status quo of research it is certain, that gambling and bets can result in morbid addictive be-haviour. ... However different gambling products exhibit different addictive poten-tials.” Up to now a specific identification of the addictive potential of a concrete gambling product was nearly impossible. This being said, the Wissenschaftliches Forum Glücksspiel (Gambling Scientific Forum) developed a globally applicable assessment tool to measure and evaluate the risk potential of gambling products. AsTERiG is developed by the Gambling Scientific Forum in the years 2006-2010. At the completion of this final version as well as in the composition of this survey the following scien-tists were involved: Prof. Dr. Reiner Clement, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University; Prof. Dr. Jörg Ennuschat, University of Konstanz; Prof. Jörg Häfeli, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts; Prof. Dr. Gerhard Meyer, University of Bremen; Chantal Mörsen, Charité Berlin; Prof. Dr. Dr. Franz W. Peren, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University; Prof. Dr. Wiltrud Terlau, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University.
A TEST OF UNBIASEDNESS AND SPORTS BOOK PROFITS IN THE NFL POINT SPREAD BETTING MARKET USING CIRCADIAN ADVANTAGE
Authors: Chin Daniel M
Published: August 2020

Medical research shows that the human body typically performs at its best during late afternoon hours, and that the results of National Football League (NFL) games can partly be explained by differences in these levels of performance, coined the circadian advantage, when teams based in different time zones play against each other.  This paper uses an augmented version of Dare and Holland’s (2004) generalized model to provide evidence that a circadian advantage bias exists in the NFL betting market.  Detailed betting data used here supports results from Levitt (2004) and Paul and Weinbach (2007) by showing that sports books make use of the bias by setting odds that bait bettors who are unaware of the circadian advantage into making what tends to be a losing wager on the disadvantaged team.
EVALUATION OF THE PATHOLOGIC POTENTIAL OF GAMBLING PRODUCTS
Authors: Peren Franz W , Clement Prof Dr
Published: August 2020

In discussions of gambling addiction to specific games, the market size and the proceeds generated by the game are usually disregarded. Inclusion of these parameters results in a relativization of the picture of gambling addiction. A fundamental principle for such an analysis is the separation between absolute numbers and ratios, which is a common procedure in economic contexts.