bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resolution of multiorgan sarcoid-like reaction after treatment of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Patil Monish , Breish Mohamed Omran , Madaan Sanjeev , Bhattacharjee Bikram
Published: July 2024

Sarcoid -like reactions (SLRs) can occur in several malignancies adjacent to primary tumour location or the draining lymph nodes. The presence of peritumoural and intratumoural SLR in patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reported in few instances. However, the association of RCC with SLR in spleen, liver and other organs in the absence of systemic sarcoidosis is very rare.

We present an unusual case of a gentleman in his 30s, who presented with a lesion in the left kidney along with non-specific lesions (likely granulomatous) in liver, spleen and lungs. Partial Nnephrectomy specimen confirmed conventional/clear cell RCC. The histopathology revealed an extensive epithelioid granulomatous reaction affecting both peritumoural and intratumoural areas. Follow-up images demonstrated an almost complete resolution of lesions in the spleen, liver and lungs. Our case supports the hypothesis that non-caseating granulomas of SLR could be a manifestation of an immunologically mediated antitumour response.
Quantitative assessment of colour fundus photography in hyperopia children based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Luo Ruiyu , Wang Zhirong , Li Zhidong , Xie Rui , Zhang Yuan , Ye Guitong , Chen Jianqi , Xiao Yue , Zhan Jinan , Zhu Yingting , Zhuo Yehong
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate optic nerve head and retinal vascular parameters in children with hyperopia in relation to age and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of colour fundus photographs (CFP).

Methods and analysis

This cross-sectional study included 324 children with hyperopia aged 3–12 years. Participants were divided into low hyperopia (SER+0.5 D to+2.0 D) and moderate-to-high hyperopia (SER≥+2.0 D) groups. Fundus parameters, such as optic disc area and mean vessel diameter, were automatically and quantitatively detected using AI. Significant variables (p<0.05) in the univariate analysis were included in a stepwise multiple linear regression.

Results

Overall, 324 children were included, 172 with low and 152 with moderate-to-high hyperopia. The median optic disc area and vessel diameter were 1.42 mm2and 65.09 µm, respectively. Children with high hyperopia had larger superior neuroretinal rim (NRR) width and larger vessel diameter than those with low and moderate hyperopia. In the univariate analysis, axial length was significantly associated with smaller superior NRR width (β=−3.030, p<0.001), smaller temporal NRR width (β=−1.469, p=0.020) and smaller vessel diameter (β=−0.076, p<0.001). A mild inverse correlation was observed between the optic disc area and vertical disc diameter with age.

Conclusion

AI-based CFP analysis showed that children with high hyperopia had larger mean vessel diameter but smaller vertical cup-to-disc ratio than those with low hyperopia. This suggests that AI can provide quantitative data on fundus parameters in children with hyperopia.
Neurological outcomes for patients meeting radiographic criteria for DEFUSE 3 and SELECT2
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy , Clemente Jonathan , Defilipp Gary , Patel Nikhil M , Bernard Joe , Stetler William , Parish Jonathan M , Albers Gregory W , Heit Jeremy J , Guzik Amy K , Wolfe Stacey Q , Hines Andrew , Patel Harsh N , Helms Anna Maria , Macko Lauren , Williams Laura , Retelski Julia , Asimos Andrew W
Published: July 2024

Background

The DEFUSE 3 and SELECT2 thrombectomy trials included some patients with similar radiographic profiles, although the rates of good functional outcomes differed widely between the studies.

Objective

To report neurological outcomes for patients who meet CT and CT perfusion (CTP) inclusion criteria common to both DEFUSE 3 and SELECT2.

Methods

Retrospective study of thrombectomy patients, presenting between November 2016 and December 2023 to a large health system, with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score ≥6, core infarction 50–69 mL, mismatch ratio ≥1.8, and mismatch volume ≥15 mL. The primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of the primary outcome.

Results

85 patients, with mean age 64.6 (16.6) years and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 18 (15–23), were included. Thirty-eight of 85 patients (44.7%) were functionally independent at 90 days. Predictors of functional independence included age (OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.908 to 0.980; P=0.003), initial glucose (OR=0.989, 95% CI 0.978 to 1.000; P=0.044), and time last known well to skin puncture (OR=0.997, 95% CI 0.994 to 1.000; P=0.028). The area under the curve for the multivariable model predicting the primary outcome was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.92).

Conclusion

Nearly half of patients meeting radiographic criteria common to DEFUSE 3 and SELECT2 are functionally independent at 90 days, similar to rates reported for the treated DEFUSE 3 cohort. This might be due to their moderate core volumes and large ischemic penumbra.
Effects of interventions implemented by occupational health professionals to prevent work-related stress complaints: a systematic review
Authors: Orhan Pees Suzanne , van Oostrom Sandra , Lettinga Hanneke , Schaafsma Frederieke , Proper Karin
Published: July 2024

Work-related stress complaints are a growing societal problem. Occupational health professionals often play a key role in its prevention. However, studies providing an overview of preventive interventions and their effectiveness are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions delivered by occupational health professionals to prevent work-related stress complaints.

A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Medline was performed in May 2023 based on PICO (population, intervention, control and outcomes) elements. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed papers with a randomised controlled trial design, quasi-experimental design and pre-post evaluations with a control group; working populations not on sick leave; interventions delivered by occupational health professionals; and stress outcomes. Data were extracted using a predefined extraction form, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB-2) and Risk of Bias in non-randomised Studies-of Interventions tool, and a narrative analysis was performed to summarise data.

Nine studies were included in this review and encompassed a diverse range of populations, interventions and professionals involved, outcome measures, and effects observed. Five studies found either mixed effects on stress outcomes, short-term positive effects, or positive effects in a subgroup of participants demonstrating high adherence to the intervention.

As the results show mixed findings, a high risk of bias, and a limited number of studies was available, more research is needed to the effectiveness of the interventions and the factors underlying this.
Assessment of catheter position using chest CT in adults undergoing erector spinae plane analgesia for rib fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Maylyn , Barrak Charbel , Forrest Patrick , Rizzo Derek , Guerra-Londono Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Background

Continuous erector spinae plane (ESP) analgesia is a common adjuvant for patients with traumatic rib fracture pain and success relies on the ESP catheter remaining within the correct fascial plane for the duration of its placement. However, knowledge on postplacement position of indwelling ESP catheters is largely absent. We hypothesized that migration of over-the-needle ESP catheters was common and detectable with coincidental postprocedure CT.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, adults admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for traumatic rib fractures between January 2020 and July 2022 were screened. Those receiving continuous ESP analgesia via indwelling catheter and undergoing subsequent chest CT were included. The primary outcome was the proportion of catheters that migrated outside the ESP. The secondary outcome was the distance between the catheter tip and the nearest transverse process (TP) or fascial plane.

Results

160 medical records were screened for eligibility and 15 patients (18 catheters) met the inclusion criteria. 16 of 18 catheters reviewed were found outside the ESP. Furthermore, catheter position was reported as intramuscular in 14 catheters and subcutaneous in 4 catheters. The median distance between catheter tip and the nearest TP (or the ESP) was 23.20 mm sagittally and 25.05 mm axially.

Conclusions

Most ESP catheters were found superficial to the fascial plane in the days following their placement. The median distance between the catheter and the ESP is between 23 and 25 mm. Prospective studies should address catheter migration concerns and propose solutions to this common issue.
Determinants of prehospital and in-hospital delay in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis and their influence on the outcome after elective carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Kirchhoff Felix , Knappich Christoph , Kallmayer Michael , Bohmann Bianca , Lohe Vanessa , Tsantilas Pavlos , Naher Shamsun , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Kühnl Andreas
Published: July 2024

Background

This study analyses the determinants of prehospital (index event to admission) and in-hospital delay (admission to carotid endarterectomy (CEA)). In addition, the analysis addresses the association between prehospital or in-hospital delay and outcomes after CEA for symptomatic patients in German hospitals.

Materials and methods

This retrospective analysis is based on the nationwide German statutory quality assurance database. 55 437 patients were included in the analysis. Prehospital delay was grouped as follows: 180–15, 14–8, 7–3, 2–0 days or ‘in-hospital index event’. In-hospital delay was divided into: 0–1, 2–3 and >3 days. The primary outcome event (POE) was in-hospital stroke or death. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed for statistical analysis. The slope of the linear regression line is given as the β-value, and the rate parameter of the logistic regression is given as the adjusted OR (aOR).

Results

Prehospital delay was 0–2 days in 34.9%, 3–14 days in 29.5% and >14 days in 18.6%. Higher age (β=−1.08, p<0.001) and a more severe index event (transitory ischaemic attack: β=−4.41, p<0.001; stroke: β=−6.05, p<0.001, Ref: amaurosis fugax) were determinants of shorter prehospital delay. Higher age (β=0.28, p<0.001) and female sex (β=0.09, p=0.014) were associated with a longer in-hospital delay. Index event after admission (aOR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.47) and an intermediate in-hospital delay of 2–3 days (aOR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.33) were associated with an increased POE risk.

Conclusions

This study revealed that older age, higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) stage, increasing severity of symptoms and ipsilateral moderate stenosis were associated with shorter prehospital delay. Non-specific symptoms were associated with a longer prehospital delay. Regarding in-hospital delay, older age, higher ASA stage, contralateral occlusion, preprocedural examination by a neurologist and admission on Fridays or Saturdays were associated with lagged treatment. A very short (<2 days) prehospital and intermediate in-hospital delay (2–3 days) were associated with increased risk of perioperative stroke or death.
Women working in violence intervention and outreach: providing space for emotional vulnerability and empathy
Authors: Keegan Grace , Jones LaCrisha , Sholi Collette , Campbell Paige-Ashley , Zakrison Tanya L , Hoefer Lea E
Published: July 2024

Introduction

There is a growing presence of violence intervention workers who identify as women, yet their unique strengths and challenges have not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to characterize the intersections of gender and violence intervention work.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study of women working in violence intervention via focus groups. Perceived strengths and risks were explored using a semistructured interviewing technique. Focus groups were transcribed and coded by two separate evaluators. Grounded theory methodology was used for thematic analysis.

Results

17 violence intervention and outreach specialists who identify as women were included in three focus groups. Common challenges include a sense of powerlessness when faced with inequitable structural limitations and vicarious trauma. When discussing the role of their gender identity in the work, the women reported that men seem more willing to be emotionally vulnerable with women, including disclosures of a history of sexual abuse. Women also experience a lack of respect personally and professionally in their role related to gender. The women revealed a need for leadership opportunities to leverage their strengths and for enhanced training, especially for male colleagues who may benefit from the insights of colleagues who are women.

Conclusions

Women bring unique strengths to roles as violence intervention specialists to deal with trauma and prevent future violence. These findings suggest a need for specific curricula to support women working in violence intervention and further studies that explore the intersectional role of race as well as gender in violence intervention work.

Level of Evidence

6
Overcoming barriers in eating disorder care: advances, gaps, and recommendations for equitable assessment and treatment
Authors: Mittertreiner Em J.E. , Couturier Jennifer , Simone Melissa , Small Charlynn , Courtney-Martin Glenda , Moisey Lesley , Panahi Shirin , Lacroix Emilie
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of topics discussed by clinicians and researchers invited to speak at the Canadian Nutrition Society's Thematic Conference 2023, which was centered on advances in research and practice in the assessment and treatment of disordered eating and eating disorders. Presenters emphasized the importance of understanding how systemic factors such as racism, weight stigma, and COVID-19 affect the assessment and treatment of eating disorders, and proposed strategies for addressing these inequities. In this paper, we provide actionable recommendations for clinicians working with individuals with eating disorders; professional development, cultural competence, and equitable assessment and treatment practices are discussed.
Revisiting cosmological constraints on supersymmetric SuperWIMPs
Authors: Deshpande Meera , Hamann Jan , Sengupta Dipan , White Martin , Williams Anthony G. , Wong Yvonne Y. Y.
Published: July 2024

SuperWIMPs are extremely weakly interacting massive particles that inherit their relic abundance from late decays of frozen-out parent particles. Within supersymmetric models, gravitinos and axinos represent two of the most well motivated superWIMPs. In this paper we revisit constraints on these scenarios from a variety of cosmological observations that probe their production mechanisms as well as the superWIMP kinematic properties in the early Universe. We consider in particular observables of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Microwave Background (spectral distortion and anisotropies), which limit the fractional energy injection from the late decays, as well as warm and mixed dark matter constraints derived from the Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
forest and other small-scale structure observables. We discuss complementary constraints from collider experiments, and argue that cosmological considerations rule out a significant part of the gravitino and the axino superWIMP parameter space.
Multiplicity distribution and entropy of produced gluons in deep inelastic scattering at high energies
Authors: Levin Eugene
Published: July 2024

In this paper we found the multiplicity distribution of the produced gluons in deep inelastic scattering at large $$z=\ln \left( Q^2_s/Q^2\right) \,\,\gg \,\,1$$

z
=
ln

Q
s
2

/

Q
2

≫

1

where $$ Q_s $$

Q
s

is the saturation momentum and $$Q^2$$

Q
2

is the photon virtuality. It turns out that this distribution at large $$n > \bar{n}$$

n
>

n

¯

almost reproduces the KNO scaling behaviour with the average number of gluons $$ \bar{n} \propto \exp \left( z^2/2 \kappa \right) $$

n

¯

∝
exp

z
2

/
2
κ

, where $$\kappa = 4.88 $$

κ
=
4.88

in the leading order of perturbative QCD. The KNO function $$\Psi \left( \frac{n}{\bar{n}}\right) = \exp \left( -\,n/\bar{n}\right) $$

Ψ

n

n

¯

=
exp

-

n
/

n

¯

. For $$n < \bar{n}$$

n
<

n

¯

we found that $$\sigma _n \propto \Big ( z - \sqrt{2 \,\kappa \,\ln (n-1)}\Big )/(n-1)$$

σ
n

∝

(

z
-

2

κ

ln
(
n
-
1
)

)

/

(
n
-
1
)

. Such small n determine the value of entropy of produced gluons $$S_E = 0.3\, z^2/(2\,\kappa )$$

S
E

=
0.3

z
2

/

(
2

κ
)

at large z. The factor 0.3 stems from the non-perturbative corrections that provide the correct behaviour of the saturation momentum at large b.
Downscaling spatial interaction with socioeconomic attributes
Authors: Tang Chengling , Dong Lei , Guo Hao , Wang Xuechen , Chen Xiao-Jian , Dong Quanhua , Liu Yu
Published: July 2024

A variety of complex socioeconomic phenomena, for example, migration, commuting, and trade can be abstracted by spatial interaction networks, where nodes represent geographic locations and weighted edges convey the interaction and its strength. However, obtaining fine-grained spatial interaction data is very challenging in practice due to limitations in collection methods and costs, so spatial interaction data such as transportation data and trade data are often only available at a coarse scale. Here, we propose a gravity downscaling (GD) method based on readily accessible socioeconomic data and the gravity law to infer fine-grained interactions from coarse-grained data. GD assumes that interactions of different spatial scales are governed by the similar gravity law and thus can transfer the parameters estimated from coarse-grained regions to fine-grained regions. Results show that GD has an average improvement of 24.6% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error over alternative downscaling methods (i.e., the areal-weighted method and machine learning models) across datasets with different spatial scales and in various regions. Using simple assumptions, GD enables accurate downscaling of spatial interactions, making it applicable to a wide range of fields, including human mobility, transportation, and trade.
A robust study of the dynamics of tumor–immune interaction for public health via fractional framework
Authors: Shutaywi Meshal , Shah Zahir , Jan Rashid
Published: July 2024

It is evident that a tumor is a dangerous lump of tissue developed through the uncontrollable division of cells, replacing healthy tissue with abnormal tissue. It is cancerous and spreads through the lymphatic system or blood within the body of a host individual while the human immune system, consisting of interrelated special cells, tissues, and organs, is employed for the protection of the body from microorganisms, foreign diseases, infections, and toxins. Thus, the conceptualization and understanding of the intersections of tumor–immune cells are valuable. In this article, the natural process of tumor–immune cell interactions is formulated through a mathematical framework. The intricate dynamics of tumor–immune interactions are then represented by means of operators of fractional calculus involving nonlocal and nonsingular kernels. The definitions and basic properties of non-integer derivatives are introduced for the investigation of the proposed system. In addition, a new numerical scheme is introduced for the dynamics, showing the chaos and oscillation of the tumor–immune system. The proposed dynamics of tumor–immune interaction are highlighted with the effect of different input factors. Our findings not only contribute to a thorough comprehension of the complex interactions between input parameters and tumor dynamics, but critical factors that have a major impact on the dynamics are also identified. These outcomes are pivotal for refining and optimizing the proposed system to enhance its predictive accuracy and efficacy in modeling tumor behavior.
How deep learning is complementing deep thinking in ATLAS
Authors: Kar Deepak
Published: July 2024

ATLAS collaboration uses machine learning (ML) algorithms in many different ways in its physics programme, starting from object reconstruction, simulation of calorimeter showers, signal to background discrimination in searches and measurements, tagging jets based on their origin and so on. Anomaly detection (AD) techniques are also gaining popularity where they are used to find hidden patterns in the data, with lesser dependence on simulated samples as in the case of supervised learning-based methods. ML methods used in detector simulation and in jet tagging in ATLAS will be discussed, along with four searches using ML/AD techniques.
Vehicle dynamics model in tunnel entrance area based on social forces and artificial potential field under connected vehicle environment
Authors: Chai Jihao , Zhao Min , Zhang Yicai , Sun Dihua , Zhang Pengfei
Published: July 2024

The traffic environment in tunnel entrance area is complex, with prominent issues related to safety and efficiency. However, existing models find it difficult to accurately capture the traffic situation in this area. Therefore, this paper establishes a vehicle dynamics model for the entrance area of a tunnel based on the social force model and artificial potential field. This model can characterize the deceleration behavior of vehicles at the entrance of the tunnel and the interaction between vehicles. By considering the special effects of the tunnel environment, the simulation experiments successfully reproduce the congestion phenomenon in the entrance of the tunnel. Based on this model, this paper proposes a coordinated driving model under vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication environment, and the simulation results show that this model can effectively alleviate the congestion in the entrance area of the tunnel and improve traffic efficiency.
On Spanning Wide Diameter of Spider Web Networks
Authors: Wang Yameng , Sabir Eminjan
Published: July 2024

For any bipartite graph [Formula: see text] with bipartition [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a [Formula: see text]-container [Formula: see text] is a set of [Formula: see text] internally disjoint paths [Formula: see text] between two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], i.e., [Formula: see text]. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] is called a spanning [Formula: see text]-container, denoted by [Formula: see text]. The length of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. Besides, [Formula: see text] is spanning [Formula: see text]-laceable if there exists a spanning [Formula: see text]-container between any two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. Assume that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are two distinct vertices in a spanning [Formula: see text]-laceable graph [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the collection of all [Formula: see text]’s. Define the spanning [Formula: see text]-wide distance between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the spanning [Formula: see text]-wide diameter of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In particular, the spanning wide diameter of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the connectivity of [Formula: see text]. In the paper we first provide the lower and upper bounds of the wide diameter of a bipartite graph, and then determine the exact values of the spanning wide diameters of the spider web networks [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].
Quantum corrections to binding energies of BPS vortices
Authors: Weigel Herbert
Published: July 2024

Nonlinear field theories often possess the so-called soliton solutions that have localized energy densities and that are characterized by topological charges n. To explore the stability of solitons with [Formula: see text], we consider vortices in scalar electrodynamics which is one of the rare renormalizable models that contain soliton type solutions with different topological charges. We focus on the BPS case which is particularly interesting because the quantum corrections decide on the stability of vortices with [Formula: see text]. We also explain how to overcome technical obstacles that are encountered when computing these corrections and that arise from the singular structure of the vortex profiles.
Transverse distortion and single-spin asymmetries for low-lying octet baryons
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Dahiya Harleen
Published: July 2024

Being the fountainhead of transverse distortion and asymmetries in accordance to “[Formula: see text]”, we study the spin-flip generalized parton distribution. We demonstrate this transverse deformation by using the quark-scalar diquark model and unveil a comparison among the low-lying strange baryons for distinct feasible combinations of quark–diquark pairs. Final-state interaction originating the correlation of a target spin and a virtual photon to the generated pion plane in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering has also been analyzed.
Fermions with electric dipole moment in curved space–time
Authors: Araújo Filho A. A. , Hassanabadi H. , Reis J. A. A. S. , Lisboa-Santos L.
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the relativistic behavior of spin-half particles possessing an Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) in a curved space–time background induced by a spiral dislocation. A thorough review of the mathematical formulation of the Dirac spinor in the framework of quantum field theory sets the foundation for our investigation. By deriving the action that governs the interaction between the spinor field, the background space–time, and an external electric field, we establish a framework to study the dynamics of the system. Solving the resulting wave equation reveals a set of coupled equations for the radial components of the Dirac spinor, which give rise to a modified energy spectrum attributed to the EDM. To validate our findings, we apply them to the geometric phase and thermodynamics.
Medical X-Ray Image Enhancement Using Global Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization
Authors: Nia Sohrab Namazi , Shih Frank Y.
Published: July 2024

In medical imaging, accurate diagnosis heavily relies on effective image enhancement techniques, particularly for X-ray images. Existing methods often suffer from various challenges such as sacrificing global image characteristics over local image characteristics or vice versa. In this paper, we present a novel approach, called G-CLAHE (Global-Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization), which perfectly suits medical imaging with a focus on X-rays. This method adapts from Global Histogram Equalization (GHE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to take both advantages and avoid weakness to preserve local and global characteristics. Experimental results show that it can significantly improve current state-of-the-art algorithms to effectively address their limitations and enhance the contrast and quality of X-ray images for diagnostic accuracy.
Configurable Customized Information Extraction and Processing Pipeline
Authors: Kim Seok , Lai Pierce , Khan Dariyan , Zhao Kevin , Le Brian , Luchianov Alex , Yu Margaret , Wang Patrick
Published: July 2024

Extracting information from scanned business documents, while a necessary commercial task, continues to be mostly done manually, requiring significant human effort. Current solutions for automated document information extraction still have limited capabilities in regards to user-required customizability and extraction of dataset-specific information, leaving the area as a very active field of research. In this paper, we propose modifications and improvements to our previously developed custom pipeline for extracting and tabulating key-value pairs from commercial invoice documents. Our design changes and additions adapt the pipeline to a wider variety of document types and use cases, primarily through the implementation of dataset-specific configuration files that promote customizability along with new technical modules that address both general and dataset-specific complexities. We compare our pipeline’s performance against current machine learning and commercial solutions on a real-world dataset, and demonstrate that it is able to extract a wider variety of fields while maintaining competitive or greater accuracies compared to the alternate solutions.
Sliding Homoclinic Bifurcations in a Class of Three-Dimensional Piecewise Affine Systems
Authors: Wu Tiantian , Zhao Zhe , Huan Songmei
Published: July 2024

This paper studies sliding homoclinic bifurcations in a class of symmetric three-zone three-dimensional piecewise affine systems. The systems have one parameter and the unperturbed systems have a pair of sliding homoclinic orbits to a saddle. Based on the analysis of the one-dimensional Poincaré maps, two types of sliding cycles are obtained from the sliding homoclinic bifurcations of the systems. In addition, two examples of sliding homoclinic orbits and sliding cycles are provided with simulations to illustrate the effectiveness of the theorems.
Bifurcation and Instability of a Spatial Epidemic Model
Authors: Yuan Hailong , Zhou You , Yang Xiaoyi , Lv Yang , Guo Gaihui
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with a spatial [Formula: see text] epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate. First, the existence of the equilibrium is discussed in different conditions. Then the main criteria for the stability and instability of the constant steady-state solutions are presented. In addition, the effect of diffusion coefficients on Turing instability is described. Next, by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem, the existence and direction of Hopf bifurcation for the ordinary differential equations system and the partial differential equations system are given, respectively. The bifurcation diagrams of Hopf and Turing bifurcations are shown. Moreover, a priori estimates and local steady-state bifurcation are investigated. Furthermore, our analysis focuses on providing specific conditions that can determine the local bifurcation direction and extend the local bifurcation to the global one. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate that the intrinsic growth rate, denoted as [Formula: see text], has significant influence on the spatial pattern. Specifically, different patterns appear, with the increase of [Formula: see text]. The obtained results greatly expand on the discovery of pattern formation in the epidemic model.
Memristor-Based Progressive Hierarchical Conformer Architecture for Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Zhao Tianhao , Zhou Yue , Hu Xiaofang
Published: July 2024

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a challenging task characterized by the diversity and complexity of emotional expression. Due to its powerful feature extraction capabilities, Transformer Network (TN) demonstrates advantages and potential in SER. However, the limited size of available datasets and the difficulty of decoupling emotional features restrain its performance and present challenges in implementing SER on edge devices. To address these issues, we present a Memristor-based Progressive Hierarchical Conformer Architecture (MPCA) and design a conformer submodule that leverages convolution to mitigate TN’s limitations in SER. We propose attention-based feature decoupling, employing hierarchical extraction to decouple speaker characteristics and retain the relevant components, thereby obtaining reliable emotional features. Furthermore, we propose a reconfigurable circuit implementation scheme for MPCA based on operator multiplexing achieving flexible modules that can be dynamically adjusted based on the resources of edge devices, and the stability of the designed circuit is analyzed by simulation experiments with PSPICE. We show that the suggested MPCA demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in SER while significantly reducing system power consumption, offering a solution for SER implementation on edge devices.
Axial view on pseudo-composition algebras and train algebras of rank 3
Authors: Gorshkov Ilya , Mamontov Andrey , Staroletov Alexey
Published: July 2024

We show that pseudo-composition algebras and train algebras of rank 3 generated by idempotents are characterized as axial algebras with fusion laws derived from the Peirce decompositions of idempotents in these classes of algebras. The corresponding axial algebras are called [Formula: see text]-axial algebras, where [Formula: see text] is an element of the ground field. As a first step toward their classification, we describe the 2- and 3-generated subalgebras of such algebras.
On the representation of fields as sums of two proper subfields
Authors: Kȩpczyk Marek
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study which field F can be represented as sums of two proper subfields. We prove that a field F is a sum of two proper subfields if and only if the transcendence degree of F over its prime subfield is infinite. This answers a question posed in the paper [M. Kȩpczyk and R. Mazurek, On the representation of fields as finite sums of proper subfields, Results Math. 75(2) (2020) 65].
Economic Data Forecasting Through Interval Data Analysis
Authors: Cheng Yan , Su Jinwen
Published: July 2024

As an important reflection of the national economy system, stock market is closely related to the development of a country, which has received widespread attention of researchers in the economics. With the daily trading of the stock market, stock price forecasting has gradually been one of the common concerns in the economic analysis. Compared with traditional forecasting task, the stock price is interval data which can be handled by interval data regression or multi-output regression. Previous stock forecasting merely considers the stock price in homogeneous scenarios. However, the price distributions from different stocks may be heterogeneous. It is a challenging task to analyze the relationship between different stocks which follow heterogeneous distributions. In order to forecast stocks in heterogeneous scenarios, this paper introduces multi-output transfer learning into stock price forecasting. Compared with traditional regression or multi-output regression models, the multi-output transfer regression can predict opening price, closing price, highest price and lowest price of stocks and utilize source domain of a known stock to enhance the prediction of target stock price which may have limited known data in training set. The experimental results on four public market indices demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-output transfer regression for stock price forecasting.
Generalized uncertainty principle for entangled states of two identical particles
Authors: Lemos Filho K. C. , Dilem B. B. , Francisco R. O. , Fabris J. C. , Nogueira J. A.
Published: July 2024

In this work we determine the consequences of the quantum entanglement of a system of two identical particles when a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) is considered. GUPs are usually associated with the existence of a minimal length. We focus on the main GUPs (KMM, ADV, Pedram and Nouicer) and then we determine the minimal uncertainties in position induced by those modified GUPs. Our results point out that the minimal uncertainty is reduced by half of its usual value independently of the GUP employed. This implies that the minimal length is also reduced by half. On the other hand, it is generally expected that the minimal length must not depend on physical system. We overcome this apparent paradox by realizing that the entangled system is composed by two particles so that an effective parameter related to the minimal length must be employed.
An alpha decay study of superheavy nuclei within a Coulomb and proximity potential model including a Q-value dependent surface diffuseness parameter
Authors: Babu Ananya , Damodaran Lisha , Suresh T. P. , Prathapan K.
Published: July 2024

Using the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model (CPPM) and a Q-value dependent surface diffuseness parameter in the proximity potential, the alpha decay half-lives of 75 experimentally synthesized superheavy nuclei were determined. Comparisons are made between the obtained results and experimentally determined alpha decay half-lives, as well as the predictions of Yang et al.’s recent study [Nucl. Phys. A 1014 (2021) 122250], which is based on the Unified Fission Model (UFM) with a new preformation parameter. The lowest standard deviation of 0.621 is obtained for CPPM calculations with Q-value-dependent surface diffuseness parameter. The calculation is extended further to estimate the alpha decay half-lives [Formula: see text]119 and [Formula: see text]120 superheavy isotopes and compared with the predictions of UFM. Finally, the results of the calculations are compared to the predictions of the UDL formula [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 072501] and the modified Hutsukawa formula [Nucl. Part. Phys. Proc. 339 (2023) 92].
Uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems with supercritical growth in ramified domains
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Passaseo Donato
Published: July 2024

We show that there exists only one solution (the trivial identically zero solution) for some nonlinear elliptic Dirichlet problems, involving the p-Laplacian operator and nonlinear terms with supercritical growth, in bounded contractible ramified domains, that is domains of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], close to a prescribed subset of [Formula: see text], which is contractible in itself and consists of a finite number of smooth curves. In dimension [Formula: see text] we expect that this result might be extended to cover all the bounded contractible domains of [Formula: see text]. On the contrary, this extension is not possible in dimension [Formula: see text] because of some counterexamples concerning existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions in some contractible domains that may be even arbitrarily close to starshaped domains (where the well-known Pohozaev nonexistence result holds). However, also for [Formula: see text] our result allows us to prove nonexistence of nontrivial solutions in bounded contractible domains that may be very different from the starshaped ones and even arbitrarily close to some noncontractible domains where there exist many positive and nodal solutions.
Towards continuity: Universal frequency-preserving KAM persistence and remaining regularity in nearly non-integrable Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Tong Zhicheng , Li Yong
Published: July 2024

Beyond Hölder’s type, this paper mainly concerns the persistence and the remaining regularity of an individual frequency-preserving KAM torus in a finitely differentiable Hamiltonian system, even allowing the non-integrable part to be critically finitely smooth. To achieve this goal, besides investigating the Jackson approximation theorem towards only the modulus of continuity, we demonstrate an abstract regularity theorem adapting to the new iterative scheme. Via these tools, we obtain a KAM theorem with sharp differentiability hypotheses, asserting that the persistent torus keeps the prescribed universal Diophantine frequency unchanged. Further, the non-Hölder regularity for the invariant KAM torus as well as the conjugation is explicitly shown by introducing asymptotic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first approach to KAM on these aspects in a continuous sense, and we also provide two systems, which cannot be studied by previous KAM but by ours.
Effects of Uneven Subgrade Settlement on the Dynamics of Train-CRTS III Slab Track Nonlinear Coupling System
Authors: Xu Qingyuan , Wang Xi , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Ze , Sun Shengwei
Published: July 2024

The uneven subgrade settlement affects the running of high-speed trains on slab tracks. However, the dynamics for the coupling system under subgrade settlement lack in-depth research. A nonlinear train-CRTS III slab track coupling dynamic model under uneven subgrade settlement, which considers the interface contact nonlinearity, is developed in ANSYS and validated by a MATLAB program. The initial track statuses and system dynamics under different settlement amplitudes and positions are extensively researched and analyzed using the model. Some conclusions are drawn: (1) Voids occur in slab track with large subgrade settlements, and nonlinear contact elements are needed to model them. (2) The ratios of initial statuses of slab track induced by uneven subgrade settlement are high for most items. (3) The maximum response distributions differ for different items. Some occur around the settlement boundaries. (4) The effect laws of settlement amplitude and position on the system dynamics differ for different items. (5) The tension force of fastener, tension stress of concrete base, and pressure stress on subgrade will exceed the allowable value when the uneven settlement amplitudes exceed 17, 11, and 18[Formula: see text]mm, respectively.
Research on Vibration and Secondary Noise Characteristics of Sensitive Buildings Along Metro Lines Induced by Metro Operation
Authors: Wu Yuexing , Pu Qianhua , Luo Wenjun , Zhou Jianting , Ge Jianfei , Wang Xinzhong
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of urban rail transit, the environmental vibration and secondary noise induced by metro train operation have become increasingly serious, posing stricter requirements on the vibration and secondary noise of sensitive building office (SBO) and sensitive building school (SBS). To predict and control the vibrations and secondary noise in sensitive buildings along the metro line induced by metro train operations. A prediction method for the vibration and secondary noise of sensitive buildings along the metro line during metro train operation has been proposed. The sub-model of train-track system coupled dynamics and the sub-model of track-tunnel-soil-building system dynamics are included. The influence of metro train operation on the vibration and secondary noise of SBO and SBS is studied. The influence of the distance between the metro line and the building on the vibration and secondary noise of the sensitive building is discussed, and an effective control scheme of vibration and secondary noise is proposed. Results show that the vibration frequencies of the SBS and the SBO caused by the metro train operation are concentrated at about 8[Formula: see text]Hz and 63[Formula: see text]Hz. The vibration below the second floor of SBO caused by the metro train operation exceeds the limit, and the secondary noise below the third floor of SBS exceeds the limit. The secondary noise inside the building of each floor of SBO exceeded the limit. Using secondary noise to evaluate the environmental impact of metro train operations is more stringent than relying solely on vibration assessments. secondary noise is recommended in engineering to assess the impact of metro train operation on sensitive buildings along line. Combined with vibration, secondary noise and construction requirements, SBS and SBO are recommended to be no less than 72[Formula: see text]m and 74[Formula: see text]m away from the metro line, respectively.
Free and Forced Vibration Analysis of Uniform and Stepped Conical Shell Based on Jacobi–Ritz Time Domain Semi-Analytical Method
Authors: Zheng Jiajun , Gao Cong , Pang Fuzhen , Tang Yang , Zhao Zhe , Li Haichao , Du Yuan
Published: July 2024

Under arbitrary boundary conditions, a Jacobi–Ritz time domain semi-analytical method is proposed to study the vibration behaviors of uniform and stepped conical shells. Based on the idea of the differential element method and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the vibration analysis models of uniform and stepped conical shell structures are established. The axial and circumferential displacement tolerance functions are expressed by the Jacobi polynomial and the Fourier series. The complex boundary conditions are simulated by using artificial spring technology. In light of the Ritz method and the Newmark-[Formula: see text] integral method, the free and forced vibration results of the structure can be figured out in the time domain. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent accuracy and remarkable dependability when compared to the finite element method (FEM). Numerical examples are used to examine the forced and free vibration behaviors under various boundary conditions, semi-vertex angles, thicknesses, and load characteristics.
Seismic Performance of a Suspension Bridge Considering Saddle–Cable Slippage
Authors: Liu Xiaoxian , Zhang Xuejian , Guang Xinchao , Xiang Nailiang , He Min
Published: July 2024

In a suspension bridge, slippage may occur at the saddle–cable interface during an earthquake. A refined finite element model of the saddle–cable interface is proposed which considers the compressive force and friction force at the curved contact surface. To investigate the saddle–cable slippage during an earthquake, the finite element model of a suspension bridge was built, and nonlinear time history analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the effects of the friction coefficient at the saddle–cable interface, the pounding between the suspension bridge and the approach bridges, the fluid viscous damper, and the rigid central buckle were evaluated by parametric analysis. The result shows that the saddle–cable slippage affects the overall seismic response of the suspension bridge slightly. The saddle–cable slippage is affected significantly by the friction coefficient of the saddle–cable interface, fluid viscous damper, and the rigid central buckle.
Motion Analysis of Impact Oscillators with Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Rigid Constraints in Two-Parameter Bifurcation Plane
Authors: Shi Yuqing , Ma Xinhao , Luo Guanwei , Lyu Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

The excited, one-degree-of-freedom mechanical system with symmetrical and asymmetrical rigid constraints, is investigated in a two-parameter bifurcation plane [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]. Decision conditions for the chattering-sticking motion of the system are given. The analytical solution of [Formula: see text] periodic motion and the linearization matrix of the Poincaré map are derived. The bifurcation characteristics of the [Formula: see text] periodic motion are analyzed theoretically by the position of the eigenvalue passing through the unit circle. The multiplicity and evolution of periodic motions of the system with symmetrical and asymmetrical constraints are explained by zones of their occurrence and stability in the plane of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]. Special attention is given to the complex dynamics near the singular points [Formula: see text] and the mutual transfer law of adjacent [Formula: see text] motion. The singular point is a codimensional-2 grazing bifurcation point related to [Formula: see text] type, and also a codimensional-2 flip-fold bifurcation point related to [Formula: see text] motion. The mutual evolution of adjacent [Formula: see text] motion is reversible only at the singular point [Formula: see text]. For symmetrical system, motions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and their evolutions emerge in the ligulate zone. For an asymmetrical system, a cluster of abnormal basic groups gathers in the low-frequency. The symmetrical constraint model is a special case of the asymmetrical model. The obtained results have reference value for reducing component wear, noise, and improving the operational reliability of mechanical systems with clearance couplings.