bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renal traumas in childhood: a five years experience of tertiary care hospital in Turkey
Authors: Tuncer Ahmet A. , Gökbaş Hülya , Deniz Samet , Ozkan Elif , Kocataş Hüsne B. , Kahya Onur C. , Demirci Şeyma N. , Boyacı Evrim Ozkaraca , Embleton Didem Baskın , Çetinkurşun Salih
Published: April 2018

Background: In this study, the experiences of kidney trauma of a third step hospital in a city at the junction of the road will be discussed with the current literature.Methods: Pediatric trauma patients admitted to Afyon Kocatepe University Hospital between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2017 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with renal injuries were included in the study. Patients with renal injury were examined in terms of age, gender, type of trauma, degree of renal injury, additional organ damage, treatment method, duration of hospitalization, cost and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program. The p >0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 30 patients (m:23, f:7) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 12.10±5.70. The mean duration of hospitalization was 10.23±17.067 days. The reasons of kidney injury were determined as; traffic accident outside of the vehicle (n=9), fall (n=8), traffic accident inside the vehicle (n=6), bicycle-motorcycle accident (n=5), and firearm injury (n=2). Hematuria (n=8), grade 1 (n=12), grade 2 (n=2), grade 4 (n=5), and grade 5 (n=3) kidney injuries were detected in the patients. Isolated renal injuries were found in 7 patients. Additional organ injuries were found as lung injury (n=3), head injury (N=5), pelvic injury (n=5), spleen injury (n=8), spine injury (n=7), liver injury (n=7), intestinal injury (n=7), and extremity injury (n=7). The average cost was 4948.37 ± 10198.51 TL. One patient had nephrectomy and JJ catheter was placed to one patient due to the development of urinoma and hematoma. All other patients were treated conservatively. The cost and duration of hospitalization of patients with shock status at the time of admission to the hospital were statistically higher than those without shock status (p=0.001; p=0.025). Morbidity and cost of patients with high grades (grade 4 or 5) were higher than those with low grades (p=0.008 and p=0.027, respectively). There was no mortality except for a patient who underwent splenectomy and had concomitant brain parenchymal damage.Conclusions: Conservative treatment of kidney injuries for children is effective and safe. Additional injuries, shock status and high-grade cause morbidity, mortality and cost increases.
Estimation of length of endotracheal tube insertion by foot length in newborns
Authors: Hannan Nabeela , . Prema , H. S. Surabhi
Published: April 2018

Background: Intubation is a common procedure for neonates. This study was designed to determine whether the foot length (FL) can predict the depth of endotracheal (ET) tube insertion in newborns.Methods: This one year prospective cross-sectional study was done on 50 neonates admitted to NICU under the Department of Paediatrics, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore from January 2016 to June 2017. The FL was measured and compared with the optimal depth of ET tube insertion. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: The mean FL was 7.42±0.75cms and mean optimal ET tube length was 7.70±0.71cm. The correlation between optimal ET tube length and foot length was noted in 70% of the babies and significant strong positive correlation was noted between optimal ET tube length and FL (r=0.780; p<0.001; R2=0.607). Significant differences were noted in mean FL and mean optimal depth of ET tube in term newborns (p=0.013) and those with normal weight (p=0.016).Conclusions: Foot length could be used as a simple and easy predictor in the estimation of endotracheal tube length in newborns.
Epidemiological profile and outcome of pediatric poisoning: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care center
Authors: Reddy A. Bhaskar , Reddy K. Venkataramana , Soren C. , Eluzai Zion , Srikanth M.
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute poisoning in children is one of the common causes for emergency hospital visit in developing countries. Objectives of the present research was aimed to study the magnitude, nature, age, sex, socioeconomic status and outcome of poisoning in children aged <15 years.Methods: This prospective study was conducted for a period of 1 year between January 2017 to December 2017, at S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana. All poisoning cases under the age of 15 years were included in this study.Results: Out of 1975 admitted patients, 98 (5%) cases were due to acute poisoning, 52 (53.1%) were males and 46 (46.9%) were females. The majority of the poisoning was accidental (78, 79.6%) in nature and found to be common in the age group of 0-5 years (69, 70.4%). Majority of children belonged to upper lower (35, 44.9%) and lower (20, 25.6%) socio-economic status. Kerosene (40, 40.8%) was the most common poisoning agent, followed by household compounds (22, 22.4%). 82 (83.7%) children had complete recovery, whereas 5 (5.5%) children died, all due to late visit to the hospital.Conclusions: Kerosene is the most common agent in paediatric poisoning in children, followed by household compounds. It is common in 0-5 years of age group and mostly accidental in nature. Corrosives were the common agent involved in suicidal poisoning.
Study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Kangaroo mother care among post-natal mothers in a tertiary care centre of North Kerala, India
Authors: K. V. Urmila , . Ravikumar , Karunakaran Usha
Published: April 2018

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a practical low-cost intervention which is very cost effective in developing countries for babies weighing less than 2500 g. This study is aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices about KMC in the post-natal mothers of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm babies before and after a teaching session by a trained staff in a tertiary care center in North KeralaMethods: A cross sectional descriptive study of 201 mothers whose neonates were admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of tertiary care centre from June 2014 to June 2015. Mothers were interviewed at enrolment to assess their knowledge of KMC and were then oriented on its practice. Data about their perceptions, attitudes and practices of KMC were recorded before they were discharged from the hospital.Results: At recruitment (95.4%) mothers didn’t know about KMC. 80% of mothers could follow the verbal instructions in first sitting. 92.8% of mothers reflected photo exhibition would have been better than verbal explanation, 91.8% of mothers thought that KMC is beneficial for their babies and 89% thought that it was beneficial for them too. At discharge 99% were willing to continue KMC at home with 93.1% willing to practice at night. 100% would recommend KMC to other mothers. All of them were practicing intermittent KMC and believed that other family members especially grandmothers could also be KMC providers as well.Conclusions: Maternal knowledge of KMC was low before enrolment, but after initiation mothers were happily practicing KMC in hospital with assurance to continue same from home and involve other family members in KMC care.
Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease among malnourished children in South Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Mandot Sanjay
Published: April 2018

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is the most common genetically related food intolerance, worldwide. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence and clinical profile of malnourished children.Methods: It was a prospective and observational study. The present study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Two hundred and one children were studied. All malnourished children were initially selected and those fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. A detailed interview of all the children/parents was conducted regarding symptoms commonly associated with celiac disease. All cases found positive for t-TGA (>10au/ml) were subjected to upper GI Endoscopy.  Subjects were labelled as celiac disease if tissue trans-glutaminase IgA antibodies were >10 au/ml and histopathology was suggestive. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA test and Chi-square as per requirements also Fisher exact and Man Whitney were applied.Results: Celiac disease was present in 23.9% of malnourished patients. Most common presenting symptoms were diarrhoea (40.2%), abdominal distension (39.9%) and abdominal pain (36.8%) and most common clinical sign was pallor, which was present in more than three-fourth of the patients (85.9%) followed by multivitamin deficiency (25.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of Celiac disease in malnourished children. Screening for Celiac disease (especially in presence of diarrhoea and abdominal distension, pain abdomen) should be an essential part of work-up in all malnourished children.
A study of lipid profile and carotid artery and abdominal aorta intima-media thickness in children with parental history of premature ischemic heart disease
Authors: Pai Puneeth K. , K. Nagendra , Ramaraj Savitha Mysore
Published: April 2018

Background: Children born to parents with ischemic heart disease (IHD) can have dyslipidemia, a marker for IHD, detectable in early childhood and track to adulthood. Dyslipidemia along with factors like BMI, diet, sedentary activity increases risk of child developing IHD in adulthood. Early detection with non-invasive methods such as B mode ultrasound to measure carotid artery and abdominal aorta intima-media thickness can help in modification of these risk factors by suitable interventional strategies. The objectives of this study was to study the lipid profile and carotid artery and abdominal aorta intima-media thickness among children in the age group 5-18 years born to parents with history of premature IHD.Methods: 23 children of parents with premature IHD and aged matched 28 controls without any family history of IHD were analyzed for cardiovascular risk factors: lipid profile and carotid and abdominal aorta intima-media thickness. The carotid intima-media thickness and abdominal aorta intima-media thickness was found by using B mode ultrasound.Results: Mean abdominal aorta intima-media thickness was significantly higher among children with parental history of premature IHD than in those without it. Abdominal aorta intima-media thickness also showed significant positive correlation with total cholesterol. Carotid intima-media thickness showed positive correlation with the waist circumference. Mean total cholesterol levels (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) were higher in children with family history as compared to children without family history but it was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Abdominal aortic IMT is significantly more among children with parental history of premature ischemic heart disease compared to children without parental history of premature ischemic heart disease. Abdominal aortic intima-media thickness has significant association with total cholesterol while carotid intima-media thickness is significantly associated with waist circumference.
A study on status of neonatal transport to a level III neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Sampathkumar P. Sampathkumar , Gobinathan S.
Published: April 2018

Background: In the past decade, great advancements in Neonatal care contributed to a fall in IMR. A further fall in IMR can only be achieved by improving the neonatal transport facilities. Hence to assess the current status of neonatal transport we undertook this study.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 75 neonates transported to our NICU. For all the babies, data regarding the place of birth, mode of delivery, mode of transport, etc. were collected. On admission parameters like blood glucose, temperature, CRT, SPO2, the presence of cyanosis, shock was assessed.Results: In the present study 64% of neonates came to our NICU on their conveyance. 67% of referrals from PHCs did not utilize ambulance facility. 30% of neonates had hypothermia on arrival. 35%had hypoglycemia on arrival. 15% had a low oxygen saturation on arrival. 15% had prolonged CRT on arrival. Only 8% of neonates received prior treatment. 11% babies did not have any referral slip. Only a very few had complete and proper referral advice.Conclusions: To further reduce the neonatal mortality rate, the neonatal transport facilities should be upgraded. A standard protocol should be formulated for interfacility transport. A separate fleet of neonatal ambulances well equipped and manned by trained personnel is the need of the hour.
A study on new-born foot length measurement to identify high risk neonate
Authors: Sampathkumar P. , Devi S. Amudha
Published: April 2018

Background: In India, most of the neonatal mortality is due to low birth weight and prematurity. Since the majority of deliveries were conducted at the peripheral level, logistic constraints make it difficult for early and reliable identification of low birth weight babies who require extra care. There are so many studies have been conducted to find out an alternative anthropometric measurement for birth weight and Gestational age. One such innovation is the Foot length measurement. Various studies have been conducted on foot length reliability as a proxy measurement. The aim of the present study is to study the correlation between foot length and other variables like birth weight, gestational age, chest circumference and head circumference among small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age and to determine utility of using foot length as a screening tool to identify small babies (LBW/premature) in need of extra care.Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 2000 neonate conducted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. Babies with lower limb anomaly were excluded from the study. The foot length, head & chest circumference, birth weight and gestational age of the study population were collected by using standard methods. The study group was categorized based on their sex, maturity and gestational age.Results: The study group included 53.7% of male and 46.3% female babies. There were 81.4% term and 18.6% preterm babies. In this study group, there were 85.1%, 14.3% and 0.6% of AGA, SGA and LGA babies respectively. The mean foot length for term babies observed in this study is 6.91 cm with the standard deviation of 0.44. The mean foot length for preterm babies is 5.94 cm with a standard deviation of 0.43. Statistically, by performing Scheffe’s multiple comparisons tests the foot length was found to be significantly different in AGA, SGA and LGA babies.Conclusions: Foot length is a simple and more reliable anthropometric measurement to assess the birth weight and gestational age in newborn babies. Foot length can emerge as an important anthropometric measurement in neonates and can be used to screen prematurity and SGA babies in need of care.
PHACES syndrome with Ectopia cordis
Authors: Sharma Rambabu , Bagri Dhan Raj , Jangid Narendra
Published: April 2018

PHACES syndrome is an acronym for, P, posterior fossa anomalies as Dandy- Walker malformation; H, hemangioma (capillary segmental faces); A, arterial lesions of the head and neck (the most common ones include aberrant origin or course, hypoplasia, dysplasia and agenesis); C, cardiac abnormalities as coarctation of aorta; E, abnormalities of the eye and S, sternal defect. The constellation of findings of PHACES syndrome may vary significantly in different patients. Complete sternal cleft with ectopia cordis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly failed ventral migration and fusion of the two-lateral mesodermal sternal bands between the sixth and ninth weeks of gestation. We are reporting a rare case of PHACES syndrome, with partial ectopia cordis as a midline defect, who is in our follow up since birth. Survival of the child without surgical intervention with epithelialization over the defect and Leucomatous corneal opacity are interesting findings.
Educação integral ou educação de tempo integral? Uma análise do Programa Mais Educação e do Projeto Guaporé de Educação Integral nas Escolas Estaduais de Rolim de Moura - RO
Authors: Ferla Valdiane Cardoso , Batista Eraldo Carlos , Souza Marilda Miranda de
Published: April 2018

O artigo discute as contradições entre educação integral e educação em tempo integral e analisar as concepções, as condições de oferta e os resultados da educação integral implantada pelo Programa Mais Educação e pelo Projeto Guaporé nas escolas do Município de Rolim de Moura, RO, a partir dos princípios da educação omnilateral. Como abordagem metodológica, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo método do materialismo histórico e dialético, por considerar que a realidade não pode ser entendida de imediato, mas é resultado de múltiplos fatores. Os resultados apontaram que o Programa Mais Educação e o Projeto Guaporé de Educação Integral implantados no Município de Rolim de Moura são essencialmente de caráter assistencialista e compensatório, uma vez que atuam com o objetivo de diminuir a vulnerabilidade social e o abandono escolar e possuem o intuito de aumentar o IDEB. A ampliação da carga horária escolar não significa, fundamentalmente, a existência de práticas pedagógicas na perspectiva de educação integral. À luz dessa concepção, é preciso que a escola que recebe as políticas de educação integral repense suas práticas no contraturno escolar para que a educação integral não perca seu significado político.
Prospective teachers’ metacognitive awareness levels of reading strategies
Authors: Aşıkcan Mehmet , Saban Ahmet
Published: April 2018

The main purpose of this study is to determine prospective teachers’ metacognitive awareness levels of reading strategies. A quantitative surve method was used. Participants consisted of 150 prospective primary teachers and 150 prospective Turkish language teachers from Necmettin Erbakan University in Turkey. The data were collected through Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory during the spring semester of the 2014–2015 academic year. Results show that prospective teachers’ global reading and problem solving strategies levels are high while their support reading strategies level is medium. Female participants’ metacognitive awareness level was found to be higher compared to males. Prospective Turkish language teachers’ problem solving strategies level is higher than that of prospective primary teachers. Prospective primary teachers preferred historical and psychological books more while prospective Turkish Language teachers favoured all types of books equally. The metacognitive awareness levels of participants reading book everyday and sometimes are significantly higher than those of reading book never.

 

Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, reading strategies, prospective teachers.
Application examples and student views on active learning approach integrated with branches of art
Authors: Orak Seval , Demirci Cavide
Published: April 2018

This study aims to analyse the views of elementary school students on active learning integrated with art branches in core courses (Turkish, mathematics, science and social studies). The research was conducted in the province of Bursa during the academic year 2015–2016, and the study sample comprised of 22 students, including 15 male and 7 female students. The core courses of elementary school were taught using active learning techniques, and the subjects taught during the lessons were evaluated through art branches. The research data obtained through observation and by means of an interview form were analysed and interpreted by descriptive analysis method. The frequencies and percentages of the data obtained using qualitative analysis were calculated. Through active learning approaches, the students learnt better and in a more enjoyable way, their self-esteem also increased. Thus, the elementary school students had positive views on active learning integrated with art branches in core courses.

 

Keywords: Active learning approach, arts branches, student views, interdisciplinary teaching.
Failure Characteristics Induced by Unloading Disturbance and Corresponding Mechanical Mechanism of the Coal Seam Floor in Deep Mining
Authors: Jiazhuo Li , Guangxiang Xie , Lei Wang
Published: April 2018

Failure characteristics induced by unloading disturbance and the corresponding mechanical mechanism of the coal seam floor are important theoretical bases for water-bursting prevention from the floor of the coal seam and rock burst alarm in deep mining. However, the existing two-dimensional ground-pressure-control theory based on shallow mining cannot sufficiently guide deep-mining practices. In this study, the redistribution of mining-induced stress field in rocks surrounding the longwall face and mechanical behaviors of strata in deep mining are investigated through a combination of numerical simulation, physical simulation, and field measurement. Results demonstrate that mining-induced stress fields in the floor of the longwall face differ in space and time. Vertical stress unloading from top to bottom of the floor and horizontal stress unloading are relatively low. A concentration zone of high horizontal stress exists at stope boundaries. The critical yield load of rock stratum in the floor is determined through thin plate yield theory. Under the combined effect of concentrated high horizontal and vertical resilience stresses, strata in the floor fracture from seam to seam if the load increases to the minimum critical buckling value. Fractured strata slide along the fracture surface, which leads to floor heave. The stope floor shows evident time-delay progressive failure characteristics. The stress shell in the stope floor in deep mining is found to be a sensitive mechanical parameter that produces three-dimensional ground-pressure behavior in the floor. This ground-pressure behavior in the stope floor is controlled by the existence of the corresponding stress shell and effects induced by its space–time evolution. This study provides theoretical basis for the dynamic control of a hazard-inducing environment in engineering and minimizing or altering disaster-occurrence conditions during the construction engineering of the coal seam floor.
Reaching Out to Rural Caregivers and Veterans with Dementia Utilizing Clinical Video-Telehealth
Authors: Powers James S. , Buckner Jennifer
Published: April 2018

Context: A clinical video telehealth (CVT) program was implemented improve access and quality of dementia care to patients and their caregivers in rural areas. The program was offered as part of an established dementia clinic/geriatric primary care clinic in collaboration with five community-based outpatient clinics (CBOC’s) affiliated with the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (TVHS) in middle Tennessee. Telehealth support was provided by a physician – social worker team visit. Methods: Telehealth training and equipment were provided to clinic personnel, functioning part-time with other collateral clinical duties. Patients and caregivers were referred by primary care providers and had an average of 1 to 2 CVT encounters originating at their local CBOC lasting 20 to 30 minutes. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients and caregivers receiving CVT support were collected by retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) review. Results: Over a 3-year period 45 CVT encounters were performed on patient-caregiver pairs, followed for a mean of 15 (1-36) months. Some 80% patients had dementia confirmed and 89% of these had serious medical comorbidities, took an average of 8 medications, and resided at a distance of 103 (76-148) miles from the medical center. Dementia patients included 33% with late stage dementia, 25% received additional care from a mental health provider, 23% took antipsychotic medications, 19% transitioned to a higher level of care, and 19% expired an average of 10.2 months following consultation. Caregiver distress was present in 47% of family members. Consult recommendations included 64% community-based long-term care services and supports (LTSS), 36% medications, and 22% further diagnostic testing. Acceptance of the CVT encounter was 98%, with 8770 travel miles saved. Conclusion: CVT is well received and may be helpful in providing dementia care and supporting dementia caregivers to obtain LTSS for high-need older adults in rural areas.
Origin of the Fine Scale Tortuosity in Sparks and Lightning Channels
Authors: Cooray Vernon
Published: April 2018

Physical reason for the small scale tortuosity observed in sparks and lightning channels is unknown at present. In this paper it is suggested that the small scale tortuosity of the discharge channels is caused by the natural tendency for subsequent leader streamer bursts to avoid each other but at the same time to align as much as possible along the direction of the background electric field. This process will give rise to a discharge channel that re-orients in space during each streamer burst creating the small scale tortuosity.
Lévi-Strauss and the Opera
Authors: Kotnik Vlado
Published: April 2018

This paper is dedicated to Claude Lévi-Strauss and his structural reading of opera as metaphorical ‘composing’ of an anthropological grand opera, materialized in the four-volume study of Mythologiques, which refers to Wagner’s tetralogy of The Ring. He created a type of comparative view of the function and structure of myth schemes in Amerindian culture and the orchestral scores of Wagner’s operas, and implicitly signalled that European music, with its eminent representation – opera – has had the same value or similar symbolic position in the mind and life of a contemporary European that myth has had in ‘the savage mind’. Through this, he can lead us to the understanding of opera as myth and metaphor. However, the paper extends the discussion on Lévi-Strauss to a broader historical picture of the relationship between opera and mythology as two symbolic systems of European culture.
Claude Levi-Strauss: Mask and Myth
Authors: Kovač Senka
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses a relationship between mask and myth and how the appropriate analysis by Claude Levi-Strauss may make clearer a complex field of masks in the part of North America. Claude Levi-Strauss stressed the multi-layered character of myth structure. Similar multi-layered character can be seen at the level of expression, content and meaning of Salish, Kwakiutl and other unique masks of this part of North America. Claude Levi-Strauss analysed certain myths trying to explain ‘the path’ of the masks that belong to the people with similar languages, or those who lived nearby. The mythology of Tsimshian, Tlingit and Haïda people have certain common characteristics that point to the similarities with the nearby groups (Kwakiutl). Despite differences that exist at the level of meanings of the masks, there is also common ‘mythological heritage’ of the people who used to live in the Northern Pacific Coast. Claude Levi-Strauss showed that there is no final solution in the myth analysis, and that there is no possibility that the dissection of the problem will reveal some hidden unity. “As mythical though does not want to start clearly somewhere and come somewhere, it never goes through its whole trajectory: there is always something waiting to be fulfilled The same way as rituals, myths are infinite.” It seems that Levi-Strauss explanation of the Path of masks goes in that direction.
Climate change impacts on water balance in Western Bohemia and options for adaptation
Authors: Beran Adam , Hanel Martin , Nesládková Magdalena , Vizina Adam , Vyskoč Petr , Kožín Roman
Published: April 2018

Several basins in Western Bohemia are regularly confronted with water scarcity problems during dry periods that have far-reaching impacts on stream ecology and the availability of drinking water for users. This paper presents a hydrological balance assessment of catchments in Western Bohemia for present and future conditions together with possible directions for climate change adaptation at the local scale. Assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological balance components using an ensemble of regional climate models revealed an increase in air temperature for all months during the year leading to an increase in evaporation. Along with changes in precipitation distribution during the year (increasing winter precipitation and decreasing summer precipitation), groundwater recharge and groundwater storage in general both decrease. Adaptation measures such as water transfers and the construction of water reservoirs are assessed with respect to the goal of increasing water availability in the Western Bohemia region during dry periods.
Utilização de geotecnologias para anílise de uso da terra no PA Matupi, Amazonas
Authors: CORREIA Rodrigo Nascimento , LEAL Matheus Lucas Maciel , DA SILVA Viviane Vidal , DA SILVA Tatiana Acácio , FERNANDES Wanessa Monteiro
Published: April 2018

Os assentamentos rurais estão entre as principais variáveis relacionadas a devastação da Amazônia Legal, principalmente em função da prática da atividade pecuária.  Esse cenário tem sido estudado por diferentes áreas como biologia, ciências sociais e geociências. Este artigo objetiva analisar e quantificar o uso e ocupação da terra no Projeto de Assentamento Matupi, localizado na mesorregião do Sul Amazonense, no município de Manicoré/AM. Foram delimitadas como classes de uso da terra para este estudo: Floresta, Pastagem abandonada e Pastagem. Utilizou-se uma cena do satélite Landsat-8 sensor OLI, e com o auxílio do software de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), QGIS 2.8.1, obteve-se a classificação digital da cena da área em estudo, gerando como produto um mapa temático. Verifica-se que 42,35% da área total do assentamento é composta por Floresta, 23,43% de Pastagem abandonada e 34,22% de Pastagem. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que esta localidade apresenta alto índice de desmatamento, o qual se deve a predominância das classes de Pastagem, que totalizam 57,65% da área total do assentamento.
Efeitos do manejo da cobertura do solo na maturação da videira Merlot cultivada em região de elevada altitude
Authors: WURZ Douglas André , MARCON FILHO José Luiz , ALLEBRANDT Ricardo , DE BEM Betina Pereira , RUFATO Leo , KRETZSCHMAR Aike Anneliese
Published: April 2018

Tem-se como objetivo deste trabalho comparar a maturação tecnológica e fenólica da videira Merlot em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina cultivada em com solo coberto por vegetação e solo sem cobertura vegeta. O presente trabalho foi realizado na safra 2014/2015 em um vinhedo comercial situado no munícipio de São Joaquim – Santa Catarina. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e dez plantas por bloco. Foi utilizado um vinhedo da variedade Merlot, enxertada sobre ‘Paulsen 1103’. Os tratamentos consistiram em manter a linha de cultivo com cobertura vegetal natural e manter a linha de cultivo sem cobertura vegetal. Para manter a linha de cultivo sem cobertura vegetal foi realizado capina manual a partir do estágio fenológico virada de cor, sendo esta operação repetida a cada 15 dias até o momento da colheita. Avaliou-se a maturação tecnológica e fenólica das bagas, além da massa de baga e relação casca/baga. Observou-se efeito da cobertura do solo na maturação da videira Merlot, em solo sem cobertura vegetal na linha de cultivo, houve incremento da relação casca/baga, pH e antocianinas. Portanto o solo sem cobertura vegetal resultou em uma melhor maturação da videira Merlot cultivada em região de elevada altitude.
Propagação vegetativa via estaquia caulinar de espécies do gênero Tibouchina spp. nas estações do ano
Authors: LATOH Leandro Porto , DALLAGRANA July Franchesca , PORTES Deborah Cristina , MAGGIONI Renata de Almeida , ZUFFELLATO-RIBAS Katia Christina
Published: April 2018

Tibouchina aff.fothergillae, T.granulosa, T.heteromalla, T.moricandiana var.vinaceae e T.sellowiana, são espécies nativas recomendadas para recuperação de ecossistemas degradados. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o enraizamento destas espécies a partir da técnica de estaquia caulinar nas quatro estações do ano. O material vegetal foi coletado em Curitiba-PR no inverno/2015, primavera/2015, verão/2016 e outono/2016, sendo confeccionados propágulos com 10cm de comprimento, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzidas à metade. Os propágulos foram tratados com ácido indol butírico nas concentrações de 0,1500 e 3000mgL-1 e logo após acondicionados em tubetes de 53cm³, após 60 dias de permanência em casa de vegetação foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de enraizamento, número e comprimento médio de raízes/estaca, porcentagem de estacas com calos, sobrevivência, mortalidade, porcentagem de manutenção das folhas iniciais e de estacas brotadas. O enraizamento foi acima de 90% para T.aff.fothergillae sem interferência das estações de coleta. Para T.granulosa o melhor enraizamento ocorreu no verão (45,25%); T.heteromalla apresentou enraizamento acima de 87,5% em todas as estações. Para T.moricandiana var.vinaceae o outono (91,25%) e primavera (98,33%) foram as estações que apresentaram o maior enraizamento e para T.sellowiana o inverno (35,25%) e verão (38,33%) foram as estações indicadas para coleta de material. O uso de IBA é recomendado para T.granulosa nas concentrações de 1500mgL-1 e 3000mgL-1 podendo a espécie ser considerada como relativamente fácil de enraizar. T. aff.fothergillae, T.moricandiana var.vinaceae e T.heteromalla podem ser consideradas espécies de fácil enraizamento, não necessitando da utilização de auxina sintética, enquanto que T.sellowiana pode ser considerada de difícil rizogênese.
Diversidade e potencial de utilização de plantas alimentícias não convencionais no Vale do Taquari,RS
Authors: BIONDO Elaine , FLECK Matheus , KOLCHINSKI Eliane Maria , SANT'ANNA Voltaire , POLESI Rejane Giacomolli
Published: April 2018

Plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs) são espécies nativas ou cultivadas cujas flores, folhas, caule, pólen ou raízes são comestíveis, mas não convencionalmente utilizadas na alimentação humana, possuem grande importância ecológica e econômica, muitas vezes consideradas invasoras, ou inços, pois ocorrem em monoculturas comerciais, gerando competição e perdas agrícolas. São adaptadas a condições de solo e clima local, características importantes para o melhoramento genético. Além disto, muitas das espécies de panc’s, especialmente as nativas, apresentam distribuição limitada e restrita a determinadas localidades ou regiões, influenciando fortemente na cultura alimentar das comunidades. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento da diversidade de espécies de panc´s nativas e cultivadas ocorrentes no Vale do Taquari, identifica-las e discutir o potencial alimentar de algumas das espécies nativas. Foram realizadas viagens de coletas de março de 2013 a dezembro de 2015, nas margens de rodovias estaduais na região, na beiras de estradas secundárias, formações florestais e matas ciliares. As espécies foram coletadas e organizadas em exsicatas, a identificação botânica foi realizada em literatura especializada e inseridas no Herbário Uenc, além de revisão bibliográfica sobre potencial alimentar. Foram identificadas 39 espécies de panc´s, sendo as mais observadas as mais observadas a campo o mamãozinho-do-mato, crem, capuchinha, bertalha-coração, serralha, inhame, cará, ananás. A revisão bibliográfica mostrou que ocorrem na região cerca de 104 espécies nativas e cultivadas com potencial alimentício, havendo necessidade de continuidade das coletas na região. Conclui-se que há ampla diversidade de panc´s, sendo fundamental aprofundar o conhecimento do seu uso potencial como alimento.
Pharmacoepigenetics and Pharmacoepigenomics: An Overview
Authors: Peedicayil Jacob
Published: April 2018

Background:

The rapid and major advances being made in epigenetics are impacting
pharmacology, giving rise to new sub-disciplines in pharmacology, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of
the epigenetic basis of variation in response to drugs; and pharmacoepigenomics, the application of
pharmacoepigenetics on a genome-wide scale.

Methods:

This article highlights the following aspects of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics:
epigenetic therapy, the role of epigenetics in pharmacokinetics, the relevance of epigenetics to adverse drug
reactions, personalized medicine, drug addiction, and drug resistance, and the use of epigenetic biomarkers
in drug therapy.

Results:

Epigenetics is having an increasing impact on several areas of pharmacology.

Conclusion:

Pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics are new sub-disciplines in pharmacology
and are likely to have an increasing impact on the use of drugs in clinical practice.
Genoprotective Effect of New Triazine Derivatives in Endosulfan Mediated Toxicity, an In vivo and In vitro Study
Authors: Naderi Nima , Najarkolaee Seyed Mostafa Ghasemi , Modanlookordi Mona , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Irannejad Hamid
Published: April 2018

Background:

Recently, we reported synthesis and neuroprotective activity of some new
1,2,4-triazine derivatives against H2O2 and β-amyloid toxicity in two neurotic cell lines, SHSY5Y
and PC12.

Methods:

The promising results obtained prompted us to further study on these potent neuroprotective
agents. In the current study, in vivo anti-inflammatory effect and also genoprotective activity of
these compounds in endosulfan-mediated toxicity were investigated. Compounds RT and SMO
exhibited high anti-inflammatory effect at 3 and 4 hours after injection in 20 mg/kg, and were even
more effective than Indomethacin (20 mg/kg).

Results:

Interestingly, compound SMO in 200 µM was the best compound in reducing micronuclei
significantly (P value <0.0001) in lymphocytes treated with endosulfan compared to control group.

Conclusion:

Herein, we report SMO as a genoprotective agent and a new drug candidate for endosulfan
mediated toxicity.
Stereocomplexation Assisted Assembly of Poly(γ-glutamic Acid)-graft-polylactide Nano-micelles and Their Efficacy as Anticancer Drug Carrier
Authors: Dai Shulin , Feng Yucheng , Li Shuyi , Chen Yuxiao , Liu Meiqing , Zhang Chao , Zhang Wei , Yin Yihua
Published: April 2018

Background:

Micelles as drug carriers are characterized by their inherent instability due to the weak
physical interactions that facilitate the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. As one of the strong
physical interactions, the stereocomplexation between the equal molar of enantiomeric polylactides, i.e., the
poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), may be harnessed to obtain micelles with enhanced stability
and drug loading capacity and consequent sustained release.

Aims/Methods: In this paper, stereocomplexed micelles gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles) were fabricated from the
stereocomplexation between poly(gama-glutamic acid)-graft-PLLA gama-PGA-g-PLA) and poly(gamaglutamic
acid)-graft-PDLA gama-PGA-g-PLA). These stereocomplexed micelles exhibited a lower CMC than
the corresponding enantiomeric micelles.

Result:

Furthermore, they showed higher drug loading content and drug loading efficiency in addition to more
sustained drug release profile in vitro. In vivo imaging confirmed that the DiR-encapsulated stereocomplexed
gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles can deliver anti-cancer drug to tumors with enhanced tissue penetration. Overall,
gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles exhibited greater anti-cancer effects as compared with the free drug and the stereocomplexation
may be a promising strategy for fabrication of anti-cancer drug carriers with significantly enhanced
efficacy.
VDAC1 Mediated Anticancer Activity of Gallic Acid in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells
Authors: Maimaiti Aikebaier , Aili Amier , Kuerban Hureshitanmu , Li Xuejun
Published: April 2018

Aims: Gallic acid (GA) is generally distributed in a variety of plants and foods, and possesses
cell growth-inhibiting activities in cancer cell lines. In the present study, the impact of GA on cell viability,
apoptosis induction and possible molecular mechanisms in cultured A549 lung carcinoma cells was investigated.

Methods:

In vitro experiments showed that treating A549 cells with various concentrations of GA inhibited cell
viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In order to understand the mechanism by which
GA inhibits cell viability, comparative proteomic analysis was applied. The changed proteins were identified by
Western blot and siRNA methods.

Results:

Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed changes that occurred to the cells when treated with or
without GA. Four up-regulated protein spots were clearly identified as malate dehydrogenase (MDH), voltagedependent,
anion-selective channel protein 1(VDAC1), calreticulin (CRT) and brain acid soluble protein
1(BASP1). VDAC1 in A549 cells was reconfirmed by western blot. Transfection with VDAC1 siRNA significantly
increased cell viability after the treatment of GA. Further investigation showed that GA down regulated
PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These data strongly suggest that up-regulation of VDAC1 by GA may play an
important role in GA-induced, inhibitory effects on A549 cell viability.
Structure and Performance Evaluation of Fractional Lower-Order Covariance Method in Alpha-Stable Noise Environments
Authors: Ahmed Areeb , Savaci Ferit Acar
Published: April 2018

Background:

All existing time delay estimation methods, i.e. correlation and covariance,
depend on second or higher-order statistics which are inapplicable for the correlation of alpha-stable
noise signals. Therefore, fractional lower order covariance is the most appropriate method to measure
the similarity between the alpha-stable noise signals.

Methods:

In this paper, the effects of skewness and impulsiveness parameters of alpha-stable distributed
noise on fractional lower order covariance method have been analyzed.

Results:

It has been found that auto-correlation, i.e. auto fractional lower order covariance,\ of non
delayed alpha-stable noise signals follows a specific trend for specific ranges of impulsiveness and
skewness parameters of alpha-stable distributed noise. The results also depict that, by maintaining the
skewness and impulsiveness parameters of α-stable noise signals in a certain suggested range, better
auto-correlation can be obtained between the transmitted and the received alpha-stable noise signals in
the absence and presence of additive white Gaussian noise.

Conclusion:

The obtained results would improve signal processing in alpha-stable noise environment
which is used extensively to model impulsive noise in many noise-based systems. Mainly, it would
optimize the performance of random noise-based covert communication, i.e. random communication.
Substance Use Disorder Related to Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use in Malaysia
Authors: Singh Darshan , Abdullah Mohammad F.I.L. , Vicknasingam Balasingam K. , Müller Christian P.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Kratom is a traditional medicinal herb with mild addictive properties.
Nevertheless, current available data on substance use disorder related to kratom use is
scarce. This study aims to clinically evaluate and identify factors that are associated with
kratom use disorder among regular kratom tea/juice users in traditional settings in Malaysia.

Method: 150 regular kratom users were recruited through convenient sampling for this crosssectional
study. They were interviewed with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
(M.I.N.I.) to diagnose substance use disorder related to kratom use, while the Ketum Dependence
Scale (KDS) and Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) were administered to
evaluate kratom dependence and withdrawal severity.

Results:

All subjects were males with the majority being Malays (99%, n=148/150). More
than half were single (n=84/150), had secondary education (91%, n=136/150), and were employed
(93%, n=139/150). Almost all (99%) fulfilled the criteria for substance use disorder
related to kratom use, 95% reported withdrawal symptoms on abstinence, 87% reported
tolerance, and 93% craving for kratom. Results from Chi-square analysis indicated that higher
quantity (>3 glasses) of daily kratom tea/juice consumption was significantly associated
with severe kratom dependence (OR: 2.1: 1.0-4.5: p<.041) and moderate withdrawal (OR:
3.1: 1.5-6.3: p<.002). Similarly, those who consumed >3 glasses of brewed kratom tea daily
had higher odds of reporting longer kratom use history (>7 years) (OR: 4.4: 2.2-8.8: p<.001)
and higher frequency of daily kratom use (>5 times) (p<.001), compared to those who consumed
less than three glasses of kratom daily.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicated that regular and chronic (>3 glasses daily) kratom
tea/juice consumption was associated with kratom use disorder, severe kratom dependence
and moderate withdrawal.
The impact of the substrate material on the optical properties of 2D WSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- monolayers
Authors: Schneider L.M. , Lippert S. , Kuhnert J. , Renaud D. , Kang K.N. , Ajayi O. , Halbich M.-U. , Abdulmunem O.M. , Lin X. , Hassoon K. , Edalati-Boostan S. , Kim Y.D. , Heimbrodt W. , Yang E.H. , Hone J.C. , Rahimi-Iman A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract2D-materials, especially transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their remarkable characteristics rendering them a promising candidate for optical applications. While the basic properties are understood up to now, the influence of the environment has not been studied in detail, yet. Here we highlight a systematic comparison of the optical properties of tungsten diselenide monolayers on different substrates. Subtle changes in the emission spectrum and Raman signature have been found as well as surprisingly pronounced differences in the pump-power-dependent and time-resolved output at higher excitation densities. For all samples, exciton–exciton annihilation can be obtained. Nevertheless an analysis of different pump-dependent decay rates suggests substrate-dependent changes in the diffusion constant as well as exciton Bohr radius.
Air-oxidation of Nb Nano-Films
Authors: Lubenchenko A.V. , Batrakov A.A. , Ivanov D.A. , Lubenchenko O.I. , Lashkov I.A. , Pavolotsky A.B. , Schleicher B. , Albert N. , Nielsch K.
Published: April 2018

AbstractX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth chemical and phase profiling of air-oxidized niobium nanofilms has been performed. It is found that oxide layer thicknesses depend on the initial thickness of the niobium nanofilm. The increase in thickness of the initial Nb nano-layer is due to increase in thickness of an oxidized layer.
Суперсверхтонкая структура спектров ЭПР примесных ионов Nd-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- во флюорите CaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Аминов Л.К. , Гафуров М.Р. , Куркин И.Н. , Малкин Б.З. , Родионов А.А.
Published: April 2018

AbstractEPR spectra of a CaF_2 single crystal that was grown from melt containing a small addition of NdF_3 were studied. Signals corresponding to tetragonal centers of Nd^3+ ions and cubic centers of Er3+ and Yb3+ ions were found. Superhyperfine structure (SHFS) in the spectra of the Nd^3+ ions was observed for the first time in this crystal; parameters of the superhyperfine interaction of the Nd^3+ ions with the nearest nine fluorine ions were determined. The dependence of the resolution of the Nd^3+ EPR spectrum SHFS on the incident microwave power at the temperature of T ≈ 6 K was studied. Obtained results are discussed and compared with the literature data.
Исследование пиролизата фталоцианина Fe методами мессбауэровской спектроскопии и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии
Authors: Козлов В.С. , Семенов В.Г. , Каратеева К.Г. , Байрамуков В.Ю.
Published: April 2018

AbstractA pyrolyzate of iron phthalocyanine is studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The phase composition and magnetic state were found for pyrolysis products (α-Fe, γ-Fe, Fe_3C, and magnetite). Morphological features of carbon and iron-containing phases (metal particles of various shapes and sizes, as well as carbon nanotubes, carbon hollow nanopolihedra, and nongraphitized carbon) are determined. The morphology and structure of iron phthalocyanine pyrolyzates and diphthalocyanines of rare-earth elements are analyzed.