bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Schöttle Point Is Consistently Located Distal to the Medial Femoral Physis in Pediatric Patients: A Digitally Reconstructed Radiographic Study
Authors: Featherall Joseph , Metz Allan K. , Froerer Devin L. , Rosenthal Reece M. , Mortensen Alexander J. , Ernat Justin J. , Maak Travis G. , Aoki Stephen K.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Significant controversy surrounds ideal tunnel position for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction (MPFLR) in the pediatric setting. The start point for femoral tunnel positioning (the Schöttle point) relative to the distal medial femoral physis is not well defined. Previous studies provide conflicting data regarding position of the MPFL origin and the Schöttle point relative to the distal femoral physis.

Hypothesis:

The Schöttle point would be consistently distal to the distal medial femoral physis.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The institutional picture archiving and communication system was queried for computed tomography (CT) imaging studies of pediatric knees. Data were imported to an open-source image computing platform. True lateral digitally reconstructed radiographs and 3-dimensional (3D) renderings were generated, and the Schöttle point was registered in 3D space. Then, 3D distance measurements were obtained from the Schöttle point to the distal medial femoral physis.

Results:

A total of 49 pediatric knee CT scans were included. Mean age was 13.0 ± 2.3 years. Mean minimum distance from the medial physis to the Schöttle point was 9.9 ± 3.0 mm (range, 3.4-16.1 mm). In 49 of 49 cases (100%), the Schöttle point was distal to the physis. Using a 6-mm reaming diameter would result in 3 of 49 (6%) femurs having violation of the distal medial femoral physis. Moving the start point 3 mm distally would result in 0 of 49 (0%) sustaining physeal injury.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance:

The Schöttle point is consistently distal to the distal medial femoral physis. The mean minimum distance from the Schöttle point to the physis on the medial cortex is 9.9 mm. The Schöttle point provides a safe and reliable radiographic landmark for pediatric MPFLR, although reaming diameter should be considered.
Places We Been
Authors: Beilharz Peter , Hogan Trevor
Published: October 2022

In response to the wonderful work of the editors and contributors to this special issue, we offer some combined reflections on the importance of place to the Thesis Eleven project, broadly defined, and including the textbooks that grew out of this field. We return to the impact and influence of two major intellectual resources in the work and thinking of Bernard Smith and George Seddon. These mavericks helped us to think our own sense of place, and to engage with the other places that we encountered and also sometimes think of as home. Place here nestles with movement as central conceptual coordinates.
Governance of Publicly Financed Adult Education in England and Spain – A Comparison
Authors: Bernhardt Anna Caroline , Kaufmann-Kuchta Katrin
Published: October 2022

International research on adult education systems reaches certain limitations when explaining differences between and within countries. Often, research within the multilevel system of adult education examines issues located at the macro-level, meaning policy and legal frameworks, and at the micro-level, dealing with impacts on learners. This article focuses on the meso-level of adult education in two sample countries, referring to providers and their educational offers of publicly financed basic and community education. Guided by the theoretical approaches of educational governance and neo-institutionalism, we identify governance regimes and organizational fields and analyze the impacts of legal and financial regulation on providers and their provision. Based on document review and expert interviews, relations at the national and regional levels are analyzed. We find a decentralized system supporting the regional provision of basic adult education in Spain and a mixture of national and regional regulations leading to regional provision based on learners’ needs in England.
SIAM: A model for service implementation analysis applied to the impact of telegraphy in Macaronesian ports
Authors: Jiménez Rafael Pérez , Castillo Lidia Aguiar , Navarro Francisco Quintana
Published: October 2022

Several factors have been considered to explain the success and pre-eminence of some ports over others, such as geography, telecommunications, taxation or the availability of local goods for trade. This is especially significant in the final period of the nineteenth century and the first years of the twentieth century, which corresponds to the rise of steam navigation and the laying of the world network of submarine telegraph cables. This article presents a model (the Service Implementation Analysis Model or SIAM) that aims to analyse the influence of communications technology within historical models of sea trade. To evaluate this model, the authors propose using a scheme based on technology acceptance models, which perform a cost–benefit comparison, and adding an ex post analysis, so that this study can explain further reasons for the incorporation of these solutions. This analysis is complemented by a series of evaluation factors, which form a feedback system to incorporate scientific advances, regulatory changes, the geostrategic context, and social acceptance or rejection. Using these feedback factors, it is possible to study how the economic model is modified as a function of technological factors within the co-evolution of science and society as inseparable elements. This model has been applied to explain the divergence in the evolution of maritime trade among Macaronesian archipelagos before the Great War. However, it can be directly extrapolated to other cases of historical analysis in which technological evolution played a significant role.
Towards Transformative Climate Relocation Initiatives
Authors: Ehrenfeucht Renia , Nelson Marla
Published: October 2022

Climate-induced changes will become an increasingly important factor in development patterns and where people choose to live. Assisting residents as they make decisions about staying and whether or if to move, and where to go, will become a critical dimension of climate adaptation policy. Using global cases of relocation initiatives, this article examines how adaptive relocation policy can facilitate community-led opportunities for frontline communities—communities of color and those with lower incomes—as people move from and stay in risky environments. It then summarizes factors to consider when designing relocation initiatives to lead to outcomes that improve people's well-being.
Five Lives of a Holocaust Survivor: On Shifting Identities, the Search for Belonging, and Building Meaning
Authors: Dumitru Diana
Published: October 2022

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Biographies of Belonging in the Holocaust”, guest-edited by Natalia Aleksiun and Hana Kubátová.

This article examines the life story of Felicia Carmelly, a Holocaust survivor from southern Bukovina, and follows her geographic and demographic journey from Dorna to the deadly camps of Transnistria, to postwar Romania and Israel, and finally to contemporary Canada. By close reading of her two oral interviews and her later memoirs, it reconstructs a particular biography shaped by the violent uprooting of Felicia and her family from the places she called home and discusses multiple shifts in her identity and a changing sense of belonging. Her life offers us a window into the broader questions about Jewish survivors and migrants after World War II, the inherent contradictions surrounding the evolution of modern Jewish identities, and the (non)negotiable boundaries of individuals in various circumstances.
Late Bystander Testimonies in East Galicia: Between Memory, Identity, and Loyalties
Authors: Wylegała Anna
Published: October 2022

This article examines the advantages and limits of late non-Jewish witness testimonies in Holocaust research. Grounding my conclusions in more than 150 biographical interviews conducted in small communities of contemporary Western Ukraine (historically Eastern Galicia) in 2017–2019, I dwell on the specificity of such sources and offer guidelines on how to work with them. As I show, late witness testimonies typically consist of multiple layers that can only be understood when analyzed within the wider life story of the interviewee, and when read against a deep knowledge of local history. When following these introduced guidelines, late non-Jewish witness interviews can be an extremely valuable source, especially for rural communities where no Jewish testimonies are available. This source allows us to further examine the complexity of identity and belonging, estrangement and intimacy, in ethnically mixed communities during World War II and immediately after, but also memories of the nonexisting world today.
The Polish Countryside as a Gray Zone: Village Heads and the Meso Level of the General Government, 1939–1945
Authors: Frydel Tomasz
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on a cluster of institutions rooted in Polish rural life that were co-opted by the German authorities into the lowest level of rule in occupied Poland from 1939-1945. It identifies these institutions as key meso-level structures that shaped the behavior of individuals on the ground. Specifically, it places the axis of analysis on the figure of the village head ( sołtys). It argues that the village security system, combined with the introduction of collective responsibility and imminent violence, was at the heart of a process of community-making, in which village heads inescapably played an important role. In this new dynamic of accountability, notions of “community” and “belonging” evolved relative to notions of “security” and “self-preservation” in the changing circumstances of life under occupation. The reimagined community forged in this wartime crucible was one of transformed identities, ingrained ethnic categories, new lines of solidarity, and new antagonisms. A collective biographical approach to village heads in this period culminates in the collective ethical dilemma as a category of historical analysis. The article draws primarily on testimonies found in postwar August Decree trials of individuals tried for collaboration in historic Western Galicia or District Krakow of the General Government. It employs a thick description of the subject to map personal narratives onto the broader social processes under examination.
Are Your Hands Covered in Jewish Blood? Jewish Red Army Soldiers Encountering the Aftermath of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union
Authors: Shternshis Anna
Published: October 2022

Soldiers and officers of the Red Army were among the first military personnel to encounter the destruction of the Ukrainian and Belarussian Jewish communities late in World War II. A significant proportion of the hundreds of thousands of Jews who served in the Red Army between 1943 and 1945 learned of the deaths of their own family members while they were in active duty. By examining the historical details and literary conventions of a small number of autobiographies and oral history interviews, the chapter discusses the range of reactions of these combatants to the destruction of their communities, from immediate retaliation to working with Soviet authorities to identify and convict collaborators. In addition, the chapter examines how a narrator’s current country of residence appears to influence the framing of his memoir.
Purim Gifts from Russian Neighbors: Prewar Identity Formation and Wartime Survival among Young Jews from Soviet Vitebsk
Authors: Koerber Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Life under Stalinism in the 1930s challenged Jews, particularly the young, with innumerable compromises to their religious and ethnic identity, yielding unexpected responses during World War II and the Holocaust. This article analyzes how Jewish youth raised in 1930s Vitebsk in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic acquired firsthand knowledge of the language and customs of their Slavic neighbors, and how some of this cohort harnessed their experiences and understanding in their attempts to survive during the Holocaust. Bolshevik policies unique to Soviet Belarus affected its Jews in ways distinct from their counterparts elsewhere in the Soviet Union. Nationalities and religious policies as well as the Five-Year Plans and the Great Terror served as the context for this situation, shaping and distorting transmission of Jewish traditions along with changing the dynamics of the family and social relationships. Young Jews in Vitebsk learned Slavic languages and culture from their neighbors, in Soviet schools, and through other means. After the German invasion in 1941, the application of these skills and knowledge are a common thread through the survival narratives of young Holocaust survivors from Soviet Vitebsk.
Biographies of Belonging in the Holocaust
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia , Kubátová Hana
Published: October 2022

This introduction highlights the analytical potential of “belonging” for those studying the social processes of Jewish exclusion in the Holocaust. It does so by proposing a tripartite definition of “belonging,” one that bridges emotions, everyday practices, and generational memory. Offering a close reading of diaries, memoirs, memorial books, testimonies, trial records, oral interviews, and individual and group chronicles, articles included in this special section capture the experiences of those who have been rejected from historically multiethnic and multireligious communities and the ways in which this process took place at the time and was narrated later. By examining physical and symbolic encounters between individuals and groups, we show how those at the margins negotiated and expressed their changing place in the broader community, how they interpreted and appropriated social engineering by the regime, and how they responded to their categorization by neighbors and the authorities which ultimately marked them for murder. The advantage of this approach lies in inviting and enabling comparison, and in its relevance for individuals and groups that were either included in or excluded from the locally redrawn categories of “national communities.”
Who’s Quitting? Who Needs Additional Support? Cessation Disparities by Race, Education, and Income, 2007 to 2018
Authors: JH Kingsbury , RG Boyle , D’Silva Joanne , MJ Parks
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The current study (1) examines how disparities in quitting cigarette and other tobacco product use have changed by race and socioeconomic status and (2) utilizes an expanded measure, any tobacco quit ratio (aQR), that extends previous work on cigarette quit ratios and captures use and cessation in a growing tobacco marketplace.

Design

Repeated cross-sectional representative survey; Setting: Minnesota

Subjects

Adult Minnesotans from the 2007 and 2018 Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey (combined N=9,258)

Measures

Cigarette QR (cQR), aQR (cigarette, cigar, smokeless, pipe, e-cigarette, hookah), past year quit attempts, and recent cessation.

Analysis

Weights ensured statewide representativeness. Regression analyses tested for differences by race (Black vs White), income (low vs medium/high), and education (low vs medium/high) across survey years.

Results

cQRs and aQRs were relatively high among White respondents and those with medium-high education and income. The disparity in aQR between White and Black respondents decreased from 2007 to 2018. Black respondents were more likely to try to quit than White respondents but were less likely to report recent cessation.

Conclusion

Cessation disparities by race and socioeconomic status have changed little between 2007 and 2018, and the magnitude of the disparity for several cessation indicators remains large. Public health professionals and medical practitioners can play a key role in reducing disparities by supporting public policies and cessation interventions that target social determinants of health and associated barriers to quitting.
Family Carers of People with Dementia in Japan, Spain, and the UK: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Relationships between Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and Carer Depression
Authors: Kishita Naoko , Morimoto Hiroshi , Márquez-González María , Barrera-Caballero Samara , Vara-García Carlos , Van Hout Elien , Contreras Milena , Losada-Baltar Andrés
Published: October 2022

Objective and research design This study investigated whether the relationship between experiential avoidance and carer depression is mediated by cognitive fusion using path analysis and whether this model differs between family carers from Japan, Spain, and the UK using multi-group path analysis.

Results The whole sample model ( N = 745) showed a good fit to the data. The direct effect of experiential avoidance on carer depression ( β = .10) and its indirect effect on carer depression through cognitive fusion ( β = .15) were significant. Examined variables accounted for 45% of the variance of depression. Multi-group path analysis confirmed the same pattern of indirect path across 3 countries, while the direct path was no longer significant in Spanish and UK samples.

Conclusion These findings suggest that targeting cognitive fusion may be particularly critical in culturally diverse carers and pre-emptive efforts to reduce experiential avoidance using psychological techniques may be beneficial among family carers prone to cognitive fusion regardless of cultural differences.
Characterization of Opioid Use in the Intensive Care Unit and Its Impact Across Care Transitions: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hauser Christian D. , Bell Carolyn M. , Zamora R. Amanda , Mazur Joseph , Neyens Ron R.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The objective of this study is to characterize opioid intensity in the intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with opioid utilization across care transitions. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Medically ill ICU patients with complete medication histories who survived to discharge were included. Opioid intensity was characterized based on IV morphine milligram equivalents (IV MME). Primary outcomes were opioid prescribing upon ICU and hospital discharge. Results: Opioids were prescribed to 34.1% and 31.1% of patients upon ICU and hospital discharge. Within the ≥50 mean IV MME/ICU day cohort, 64.7% of patients received opioids after ICU discharge compared to 45.8% and 13.6% in the 1-49 mean IV MME/ICU day and no opioid groups ( P < .05). Within the ≥50 mean IV MME/ICU day cohort, 70.6% of patients were prescribed opioids after hospitalization compared to 37.3% and 13.6% of patients who received less or no opioids. ( P < .05). Within the ≥50 mean IV MME/ICU day cohort, 29.4% of patients were opioid naïve and discharged with an opioid, which is over double compared to patients with lower opioid requirements ( P < .05). Conclusion: Patients with higher mean daily ICU opioid requirements had increased opioid prescribing across care transitions despite preadmission opioid use.
Faceless, voiceless child – Ethics of visual anonymity in research with children and young people
Authors: Korkiamäki Riikka , Kaukko Mervi
Published: October 2022

The anonymisation of research participants is a standardised ethical practice, but researchers sometimes struggle to find an ethical balance between the practice of anonymisation and participants’ wishes to reveal their identities. In the Australian and Finnish studies utilising visuality, the participating asylum-seeking and refugee children and youths wished to reveal their faces and claim ownership for their work. The hindrance of this caused disappointment for the participants and inhibited them from telling their message. Unproblematised anonymisation may have unplanned consequences for children and present them not only as faceless but also as voiceless, thus leading to further ethical problems.
The ‘Grey Zone’ at the Interface of Work and Home: Theorizing Adaptations Required by Precarious Work
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Morgan Glenn
Published: October 2022

This conceptual article develops a framework based on the ‘total social organization of labour’ for analysing the implications precarious work in the public sphere has for the reorganization of the private domestic sphere. The core proposition is that a ‘grey zone’ of unpaid labour exists which needs to be negotiated – or at least tolerated – within a household to engage in precarious paid work. A ‘grey zone’ is theorized as a necessary transition space under conditions of precarious work requiring temporal and spatial adaptations within the family household. The article explains how adaptations in ‘time’ and ‘space’ within a ‘grey zone’ context in the private domestic sphere entail new forms of unpaid labour. Employers have increasingly divested themselves of responsibilities to provide security through the wage relation; families and their pre-existing socio-economic position have adapted to support the unpaid labour necessary to access and survive under precarious work conditions.
Investigation of the machinability of B4C+TiB2/Al 2024 composite manufactured by powder metallurgy with EDM
Authors: Özerkan Hacı Bekir , Subaşı Mehmet , Pul Muharrem
Published: October 2022

In this study, the machinability of B4C and TiB2 reinforced Al 2024 based composites produced by powder metallurgy was investigated with EDM (Electro Discharge Machining) method using two different copper electrodes. For this purpose, composite samples were produced at 6% TiB2+12% B4C reinforcement ratios. Then, scanning electron microscopy images were taken to examine the microstructure of the composite samples. Also EDAX analyzes were performed during SEM images. In EDM machinability experiments of the composite material two different electrodes; pure copper and beryllium copper were used. The experiments were carried out using three different current (I) and arc pulse on time ( ton) and two different arc pulse off time ( toff) parameters. As a result of EDM experiments, roughness measurements of the machined surfaces were made and SEM images of the machined surfaces were taken again. According to the experimental findings, material removal rate increased in machining with CuBe tool compared to machining made with pure Cu and CuBe tools showed higher wear tendency than Cu tool sunder the same machining conditions and roughness values in CuBe electrodes were lower than machining made with pure Cu. And the roughness values of CuBe are lower than the machinings with pure Cu.
Vibration of the horn affects the Rayleigh jet breakup
Authors: Fang Yanshen , Hu Liang , She Lei , Liu Chengwei , Su Rui , Fu Xin
Published: October 2022

There have been a number of studies on the Plateau–Rayleigh instability and the influence of the initial jet perturbation on the jet breakup. Our study observed that the threshold lengths of jet breakup varied with the voltage applied to the piezoelectric sheets during the droplet generation for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) source and wafer cleaning. Combining acoustics and fluid mechanics, we investigated the process and mechanism to interpret the impact of the horn vibration on the jet breakup. The whole process of the vibration delivery from the horn to the jet was summarized: generated by the horn, the vibration transmits into the water, spreads in the chamber, stimulates the jet through the orifice, and grows continuously, causing the jet breakup. In order to validate the analysis, a series of experiments were carried out and compared with the theoretical predictions. The vibration mode and amplitude of the horn were determined by the scanning laser vibrometer. With the hydrophone detection, the distribution of the vibration in the axial direction at the nozzle outlet was studied, and the delivery of the vibration in the chamber was discussed. To verify the influence of the vibration in the chamber on the jet breakup, we compared the results of jet breakup under different sound pressures. Besides, a theoretical model of the jet breakup length versus the piezoelectric sheet voltage was proposed. The study of the whole process provides guidance for changing the jet breakup length by adjusting the voltage and helps to investigate other parameters of the jet breakup process.
Relative motion relationship and collision mechanism of slipper-retainer assembly of axial piston machines
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Min , Zeng Yishan , Shong Shouxu , Liu Changhai , Liu Rui
Published: October 2022

Under high-speed rotation, the retainer-slipper assembly has serious collision interference, which affects the performance of the key friction pair of the piston pump. And abnormal wear of the retainer and slipper is observed in the faulty piston pump, even with fracture of the retainer and severe wear of the slipper neck. Based on the master-slave principle of the slipper and the retainer, a mathematical model of the relative motion relationship between the slipper-retainer is established. And the collision law between the slipper and the retainer is obtained by combining the relative motion velocity equation of the slipper. The effects of swashplate angle and pump shaft speed on the relative motion trajectory and collision strength of the slipper-retainer assembly are analyzed. The coordinates of all contact points between the slipper and the retainer during one piston cycle are calculated. These results clearly show the friction area of the retainer hole. Researches show that the rotation angle of the power slipper at the transition point is reduced with increasing swashplate angle. The increase of pump shaft speed has no influence on the contact law of the assembly. The collision strength of the assembly increases with the swashplate angle and pump shaft speed. A parametric investigation of the contact and collision between the slipper and the retainer is realized, providing a design method for analyzing the wearing character and mechanical properties of the axial piston pump.
Investigation on the misalignment of full ceramic ball bearing rotor system caused by varying gap in wide temperature ranges
Authors: Bai Xiaotian , Zheng Hao , Wang Zinan , Oancea Gheorghe , Hou Lingling , Xiao Zhaoyang
Published: October 2022

The temperature-varying gap between the full ceramic ball bearings and the steel pedestal in wide temperature ranges leads to misalignment of the bearing rotor system, and there is a significant impact on the vibration of the rotor system. In this paper, the dynamic model considering the temperature-varying gap and time-varying contact between the full ceramic ball bearing and the steel pedestal in wide temperature ranges is proposed. The rigid body elements and the inner rings are coupled in the model, and the influence of the temperature-varying gap is analyzed. Results show that the increased gap at high temperatures brings about the looseness of the full ceramic ball bearing, the misalignment occurs between the axes of the two full ceramic ball bearings due to the looseness. The interaction between the full ceramic ball bearing and the steel pedestal becomes more significant, which causes the vibration of the rotor system to rise. Appropriately increase the interference between the full ceramic ball bearing and the steel pedestal helps reduce the gap at high temperature, thus avoiding the excessive vibration caused by misalignment and improving the rotation accuracy of the rotor system. The research results provide a reference basis for the use of full ceramic ball bearings in wide temperature ranges.
Modeling of tensioner hysteresis for belt accessory drive system under random excitations
Authors: Li Tao , Shangguan Wen-Bin
Published: October 2022

Tensioner is one of the key components of a belt accessory drive system (BADS), so accurately characterizing its hysteresis characteristics is important for calculating dynamic responses of a BADS. The existing tensioner models have some disadvantages, such as ignoring the variations of friction coefficient of the friction pair inside a tensioner during working, and cannot characterize the output torque of tensioner with the excited amplitude and frequency. Based on Duhem model, a unified model for tensioner considering the variations of friction coefficient inside tensioner is proposed in this paper, and the variations of friction coefficient in a tensioner are characterized by Stribeck effect in the unified model. The already published tensioner models, such as Duhem model and dry friction model, are special cases of the unified model. According to the oscillation state of tensioner arm, a method for estimating dynamic responses of tensioner under random excitations is proposed. The proposed method deals with the issue of how to determine the output torque of unified model under excitations without steady excited amplitude. Under harmonic excitations and random excitations, the measured and calculated output torque of a tensioner are compared to validate the unified model. The K-V model, dry friction model and Masing model, which are commonly used tensioner models, are compared with the unified model by comparing their dynamic responses. Taking a single-degree-of-freedom system containing a tensioner as a studying example, the step response and random response of the system are calculated and analyzed when different tensioner models are utilized.
Analysis of rotary ventricular assist devices using CFD technique—A Review
Authors: Shukla Pravin Kumar , Mishra Rakesh , Tewari Ravi Prakash
Published: October 2022

With the increasing focus on reducing deaths because of heart ailments, considerable emphasis has been directed toward the development of ventricular assist devices (VADs) that work on the principle of mechanical pumps for supporting an infirm heart. The VADs are used primarily to assist the left ventricle, but their use has been extended for supporting the right ventricle as well as for supporting both ventricles simultaneously. In this connection, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has evolved as an efficient technique for the design, development, evaluation, and optimization of VADs, enabling the prediction of operational characteristics of VADs as well as detailed global and local flow characteristics for an extensive set of working environments even before the manufacture and use of the actual device. CFD techniques yield valuable insight into the VADs’ effectiveness that enhances its operational behavior and decreases the risk associated with the use of the device, and at the same time decreases the manufacturing lead time and costs associated with the device. CFD has been quite beneficially used for the performance evaluation of VADs, but it still needs further development as hemolysis and thrombosis models cannot be easily integrated with the flow simulations. This review article presents abrief introduction to rotary VADs with a primary focus on the current status of CFD analysis of axial VADs, which provide the most suitable methods for computational design and optimization of VADs. It also identifies critical knowledge gaps and outlines the hematological models and the difficulties encountered in integrating them into CFD. Finally, future work based on the current scenario is also included.
The numerical study of nanofluid flow with energy and mass transfer over a stretching/shrinking wedge
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. , Bilal Muhammad , Allogmany Reem , Ali Aatif
Published: October 2022

For nanomaterials aggregation impacts, the Falkner–Skan problem for shrinking/stretching wedge is generalized. The simulation is performed in the presence of a heat source, magnetic field, chemical reaction, suction/injection, and thermal radiation effects. Modifications of the Krieger–Dougherty model, as well as the Bruggeman and Maxwell models, are developed to approximate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of TiO2/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid (NF) to accommodate for nanoparticle (NP) aggregation influences. The system of equations describing the Falkner–Skan dilemma for wedges with NP aggregation impacts is translated using resemblance substitution and computed using the “parametric continuation method (PCM)” algorithm. The outcomes are justified by comparing them to the existing literature and the “bvp4c” package. The NP aggregation consequences are seen to be significantly strong even when the NP concentration is modest, as prior published experimental research has revealed. In comparison to the lack of NP aggregation effects, the heat transference rate of TiO2/EG NF is greater. The velocity, thermal efficiency, and mass transition rate of TiO2/EG NF boost with the inclusion of titanium dioxide NPs in the working fluid EG.
An investigation on thermo-mechanical characterization of activated carbon/coconut shell powder reinforced natural composites
Authors: Manikandan R , Suresh G , Abbas S Mohamed , Selvi S , Begum S Suberiya , Vezhavendhan R , Kumaresan G
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this study is that, to develop the possibility of exploration on the usage of coconut shell (CS) and its derivative of natural activated carbon (AC) filler material, in the motive to fabricate the natural filler reinforced hybrid composite. In this particular study, E-Glass fiber has been chosen as the primary reinforcement and various proportions of CS and AC powder have been selected as the filler components along with the epoxy resin (matrix). Six variants of laminates have been fabricated (GFE, 3% CS, 6% CS, 3% AC, 6% AC and 6% CS/AC) by keeping the E-glass fiber and epoxy as the constant mixture. Besides that, to validate the physical and thermal stability of the composites tests like, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope, Tensile, Flexural, Impact, Heat Deflection Test (HDT), Thermal conductivity and Moisture absorption tests have been conducted on all combinations. During the tests, it has been observed that tensile (3% AC—384 MPa), flexural (3% AC—435 MPa), impact (3% AC—19.5 kJ/m2), HDT and moisture values (0% Particulate—0.475%) have shown a significant surge in hybrid composites by slightly compromising the fall of value in moisture absorption on AC composites. Simultaneously, thermal conductivity (6% AC—2.67 W/mK), and TGA (of 6% AC—440°C) values have been found higher in AC epoxy compounds out of all combinations.
Evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles on the tribological and thermophysical properties of bio-lubricants
Authors: Chinnachamy Rajaganapathy , Durairaj Vasudevan , Saravanamuthu Murugapoopathi , Rajagopal Varthini
Published: October 2022

In this article, the effect of infusion of silver nanoparticles into the base oil lubricants was investigated. In this study, Jatropha and Pongamia oils were used as base oils and silver nanoparticles infused at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% weight-percentage of the base oils to create nano-based bio-lubricants. The influence of silver nanoparticles on the Tribological and Thermophysical properties of the base oils was analyzed through various test procedures. The Pin-on-disc tribometer test was done to measure friction and wear at various loads. Pin made of Aluminum metal matrix composite fabricated by stir casting method was used and the results revealed that the inclusion of silver nanoparticles significantly improved the friction and wear properties of the base oils. Pin-worn surface morphology was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity of nano-based bio-lubricants were evaluated as per ASTM standards and the results showed that both the thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity increased with the infusion of silver nanoparticles.
Additive manufacturing for metal-based bio-implant development: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yadav Lalit Kumar , Misra Joy Prakash , Kumar Vishwajeet , Saxena Kuldeep Kumar , Buddhi Dharam
Published: October 2022

The trend of growth and global population expansion generate new issues in health care, demanding rapid solutions tailored to specific clinical needs. Additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving technology for biomedical applications and metal implant fabrication. Additive manufacturing allows the development of complex structures with biomimicry attributes in reduced lead time. This article comprises a general overview of the implementation of various additive manufacturing technologies in biomedical applications. In addition, the research area under examination has also been described using bibliometric analysis, which includes the number of publications each year and in terms of regional distribution, top-cited documents, citation mapping of journals and researchers, co-occurrence mapping, keyword analysis, country-wise publications, cluster assessment, content analysis, etc. Moreover, future study directions are highlighted with an objective to recuperate the curiosity of the global research community to mature this technique further.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in hospitalized people living with HIV in the late antiretroviral therapy era in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Bogoni Giuliane , Lucas Júnior Rodovaldo M , Reis Schneider Gustavo Arthur , Castanheira de Souza Nidyanara F , Carvalho Maria Kassab , Marcusso Rosa Maria , Vidal José Ernesto
Published: October 2022

Background

There is scarce information on AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of active CMV retinitis in severely immunosuppressed people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and to describe its main features.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary center in São Paulo, Brazil. We included hospitalized adults PLWHIV with CD4 count ≤100 cells/μL, ≥ one quantitation of CMV DNA in plasma, and indirect ophthalmoscopy evaluation.

Results

Thirty-eight (21.6%) of 176 participants had at least an ophthalmoscopy diagnosis and only 3 (1.7%) individuals presented active CMV retinitis. All these participants were male, and retinitis was asymptomatic in 2 cases. Two participants had extraocular end-organ CMV disease and detectable CMV DNA in plasma.

Conclusions

These results show a low prevalence of active CMV retinitis in the evaluated population. However, 2 of 3 participants had asymptomatic active CMV retinitis and a fifth of participants had at least one ophthalmoscopy diagnosis, suggesting the need for routine ophthalmologic evaluation in hospitalized severely immunosuppressed PLWHIV. The profile of participants with active CMV retinitis was similar to that described in the pre-ART era and quantitation of CMV DNA in plasma was variable.
A Multigroup Analysis of Active and Passive Job Seekers Using Social Media
Authors: Subbarao N. V. , Chhabra Bindu , Mishra Manit
Published: October 2022

Despite rapid proliferation of social media, not much is understood about its usage behaviour in job search. This study (n = 517) examines the impact of information provisioning (IP), perceived image (IM) and perceived trendiness (TR) on intention to use social media in job search (IU), and subsequently its actual use (AU) using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study further investigates through multigroup analysis the role of type of job seeker as a moderating variable, with active and passive job seekers as two different cohorts. The study offers the following key insights: (a) for job seekers IP, IM and TR influence IU which has cascading impact on AU; (b) IP is the most important determinant of IU; (c) for active job seekers, IP and TR are key determinants of IU; (d) for passive job seekers, IP and IM are key determinants of IU; (e) active vis-à-vis passive job search moderates the influence of IP and IM on IU; (f) however, the relationships between TR and IU, and between IU and AU are not moderated by active vs passive job search. The study offers new perspectives in recruitment and enhances the employer understanding of social media usage of different types of job seekers.
Are ESG Disclosures Value Relevant? A Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) Approach
Authors: Kumawat Renuka , Patel Nikunj
Published: October 2022

Due to rising sustainability concerns across the globe, corporations are now offering voluntary environment, social, and governance (ESG) information to serve stakeholders’ interests. These voluntary ESG disclosures aid investors in making investment decisions by evaluating the firms’ sustainability. However, ESG reporting is still in its infancy and there are no regulatory standards; consequently, it is crucial to understanding the value relevance of ESG disclosures. Using panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs), the study investigates the impact of ESG disclosures on cost of capital. The sample of the study covers listed firms from NSE 500 from 2011 to 2020, that is, 10 years. The present analysis offers the value relevance of enhanced ESG disclosure in the form of reduced cost of capital through reduced information asymmetry. In this study, we employed voluntary disclosure theory and legitimacy theory to investigate disclosure level in emerging market. The study found a negative association between ESG disclosures and cost of capital, following the notion that non-financial disclosures reduce information asymmetry and ultimately cost of capital ( Chauhan & Kumar, 2018 ; Francis et al., 2008 ). However, individual E, S and G disclosure scores were not found significant.
Peroral Exposure to Cannabis Sativa Ethanol Extract Caused Neuronal Degeneration and Astrogliosis in Wistar Rats’ Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Yinka Olatunji Sunday , Olubunmi Ogunnaike Philip , Zabdiel Abijo Ayodeji , Oladele Owolabi Joshua , Taiye Adelodun Stephen , Ayodele Adeoye , Adetutu Fasesan Oluwatoyin , Afees Olanrewaju John , Kayode Adegbite Ademola
Published: October 2022

Background:

Despite widespread concerns about its possible side effects, notably on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which mediates cognitive processes, the use of Cannabis sativa as a medicinal and recreational drug is expanding exponentially. This study evaluated possible behavioral alterations, neurotransmitter levels, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in the PFC of Wistar rats exposed to Cannabis sativa.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of graded doses of Cannabis sativa on the PFC using behavioural, histological, and immunohistochemical approaches.

Methods:

Twenty-eight juvenile male Wistar rats weighing between 70 g and 100 g were procured and assigned into groups A-D ( n = 7 each). Group A served as control which received distilled water only as a placebo; rats in groups B, C, and D which were the treatment groups were orally exposed to graded doses of Cannabis sativa (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Rats in all experimental groups were exposed to Cannabis sativa for 21 days, followed by behavioral tests using the open field test for locomotor, anxiety, and exploratory activities, while the Y-maze test was for spatial memory assessment. Rats for biochemical analysis were cervically dislocated and rats for tissue processing were intracardially perfused following neurobehavioral tests. Sequel to sacrifice, brain tissues were excised and prefrontal cortices were obtained for the neurotransmitter (glutamate, acetylcholine, and dopamine) and enzymatic assay (Cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and Glucose 6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase-G-6-PDH). Brain tissues were fixed in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF) for histological demonstration of the PFC cytoarchitecture using H&E and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocyte evaluation.

Results:

Glutamate and dopamine levels were significantly increased ( F = 24.44, P = .0132) in groups D, and B, C, and D, respectively, compared to control; likewise, the activities of CcO and G-6-PDH were also significantly elevated ( F = 96.28, P = .0001) ( F = 167.5, P = .0001) in groups C and D compared to the control. Cannabis sativa impaired locomotor activity and spatial memory in B and D and D, respectively. All Cannabis sativa exposed groups demonstrated evidence of neurodegeneration in the exposed groups; GFAP immunoexpression was evident in all groups with a marked increase in group D.

Conclusion:

Cannabis sativa altered neurotransmitter levels, energy metabolism, locomotor, and exploratory activity, and spatial working memory, with neuronal degeneration as well as reactive astrogliosis in the PFC.
Episodic Relatedness in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Families Where a Parent has Multiple Diagnoses
Authors: Søndergaard Elisabeth , Reventlow Susanne , Mogensen Hanne Overgaard
Published: October 2022

There is a strong association between social relationships and health. In this article, we ask how a view of social relationships played out in time can help to nuance the role of patients’ social networks in their healthcare-seeking behavior. We investigate this link by exploring the dynamics of relatedness in socioeconomically vulnerable young families with a multimorbid parent and their extended networks. Data were generated through repeated semi-structured and open-ended interviews and participant observation. The study found that, for much of their lives, participants experienced life as a series of events that happened to them and were out of their control. This way of being-in-the-world was linked to a consistent pattern of intense and then suddenly discontinued relationships. The relevance for health professionals is that there is a growing trend in healthcare systems worldwide to involve relatives and extended networks in a patient’s treatment process. Our findings indicate challenges to this approach and recommend that health professionals are aware that for socioeconomically vulnerable patients with multimorbidity, important relationships can change dramatically, quickly, and repeatedly, over short periods of time.
Bringing “Class” into the Classroom: Addressing Social Class Privilege Through Management Education
Authors: Moergen Kristie J. N. , Kish-Gephart Jennifer J.
Published: October 2022

Research increasingly acknowledges the far-reaching impact of social class and the many ways in which it can meaningfully shape individuals’ work and working lives. As such, social class and concomitant class privilege represent relevant and necessary content for the management classroom. In this paper, we begin by offering an overview of select research addressing social class and work, which helps to emphasize the significance of social class in organizational life. Next, to help educators bring “class” into the management classroom, we present teaching resources from across disciplines. We also advocate for educator reflexivity, the development of broader vocabularies around social class, and engagement with activities that increase students’ understanding of class-based inequalities at the individual, institutional, and social or cultural levels. Overall, we bring together research and resources that relate to social class and work, to not only inspire and inform management educators, but also to offer resources that help students prepare for navigating a class-diverse workplace.