bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free secondary legal aid as a method of implementing of constitutional humans rights within the criminal procedure
Authors: Harkusha Alina , Soldatenko Olena
Published: April 2021

The article investigates the functionality of the Institute of Secondary Legal Aid in the aspect of exercising a person's constitutional right to defense, comprehensively examines the status of a defender in the process of providing secondary legal aid. In addition, attention was paid to the legal basis and standardization of professional legal assistance. The authors of the article outline the key theoretical and practical problematic aspects of the provision of free secondary legal aid by authorized entities in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. Defender's status in the process of providing secondary secondary legal aid has been established. The article investigates that the bar is the main institution that provides protection, representation of interests of persons entitled to legal aid. In addition, it is considered to be the subject of quality assistance, because it is the lawyers who are directly involved in setting up a free secondary legal aid system. In the course of this study it is found that the term “legal aid” in the context of the Law of Ukraine “On Free Legal Aid” combines the person’s right “to have a defense counsel appointed when the interests of justice (the nature of the case, the consequences for the accused and his ability to defend on their own) require it or when the person does not have sufficient funds to pay for this defender”. The quality of free legal aid depends on many factors. First of all, from how responsibly and me-ticulously the lawyer will perform his work. In particular, the lawyers discussed the thesis of incentives to provide quality assistance, as the large number of cases in the lawyer, hinders concentration, and as a result, reduces the level of positive decisions. In addition, free legal aid does not provide support to citizens in applying to international courts, such as the European Court of Human Rights. Assistance at the international level can be provided by the system of public receptions of the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union.
Peculiarities of protection and ways of prevention and ways of prevention of falsification of documents identifying at the cross-border of Ukraine
Authors: Kosychenko Oleksandr , Maksymova Marharyta
Published: April 2021

The main ways of protection of identity documents when crossing the state border of Ukraine are highlighted. It is determined that law enforcement agencies are increasingly detecting forged documents when crossing the state border. Document forgery is linked to an increase in the level of public danger, as it relates to different ways of investigating criminal offenses in Ukraine and abroad. This is facilitated not only by economic and political instability in the country, but also by the presence in circulation of passport docu-ments of old specimens in which the degree of protection against counterfeiting is not too high, as in the documents of the new specimen. It is impossible to investigate criminal offenses related to the use of fake passport documents without knowledge of the means of their forgery, the procedure of inspection and the peculiarities of conducting the relevant examinations. It should be noted that document forgery is constantly being improved, so law enforcement agencies need to use state-of-the-art technical devices to respond to the challenges of time. Not only insufficient funding from the state, but also inadequate professional training of employees who deal with identification of fake passport documents, the scraps do not have the proper level of use of technologies that enable identification of passport technologies, which complicates the implementation of the latest technologies in the activities of law enforcement agencies. In order to expose criminals falsifying passport documents, one must not only be thoroughly aware of criminal procedural law, but also be able to put it into practice. For detailed examination of passport documents at the border crossing, it is necessary to rely on both legislative acts and departmental instructions, which specifically explain certain aspects of detecting counterfeits. Exposing criminals, who use false documents will, in the future, counteract transnational crime, which poses a great deal of damage both nationally and internationally. In Ukraine, technical support for expert units remains a major problem, which is more outdated, but this does not prevent the main tasks from being fulfilled. It can be concluded that the modern document security instruments, as a whole, perform the function of protecting such documents from fraud, but there is a continuous improvement of security mechanisms through the introduction of the latest technologies and borrowing of international experience to improve the quality of Ukrainian documents. The law enforcement agency of Ukraine needs to modernize its technical means in accordance with the current realities and tasks of expert examination of documents.
Factors influencing national policy in operational-search activities
Authors: Mishchanynets Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The factors influencing the state policy in the field of operational-search activity have been studied. The author has noted that the reforms taking place in the law enforcement area have laid a new approach to combating crime, as the traditional perception of crime and combating it is changing. Combating crime requires, first of all, modern, perfect regulatory support. And first of all it concerns the sphere of operative-search activity as a priority direction of counteraction to crime. In this regard, the priority area of research is public policy, which takes place in the field of op-erational and investigative activities. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to identify the factors that influence the state policy in the field of operational and investigative activities and highlight the directions of formation of this policy. It is emphasized that this list is not exhaustive and can be supplemented, which, in turn, further determines the need for further in-depth scientific research in this area. Factors influencing the state policy in the field of operational and investigative activities should be taken into account when forming a single Concept of legal policy, which would reflect a holistic system of leading official views on its essence and content, would determine the priorities for further development. The development of the Concept of the state policy in the field of operative-investigative activity will make it possible to ensure the adoption of a system of laws that provide a complex, logically consistent legal regulation of certain phenomena of public life.
Problems of defining the concept of "public" in present jurisprudence
Authors: Khrystov Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The article deals with problems of defining the concept of "public" in present jurisprudence. The the article’s objective was to clarify the problems of defining the concept of "public" in present jurisprudence and to provide an understanding of this term. The author notes that today there is inconsistency of legal regulation, as well as arbitrariness, ine-quality and substitution of concepts in the application of this term both in different and within one branch of jurisprudence. The preparation of most legal acts on the participation of "public" in legal relations takes place without proper legal understanding of this term, the concept of which is not defined at all in the current national legislation. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of legal sciences due to the lack of definition of "public" in the legislation is based on arbitrary representation and does not reflect the unity of the aggregate features of this category. Its understanding by scholars through the prism of related (generic) legal concepts do not give an accurate meaningful reflection. Selective, and sometimes chaotic and unsystematic reference of legal scholars to philosophical, sociological, political, psychological and other sources of scientific knowledge about the essential characteristics of "public" in research on its place and role in legal relations indicate the lack of established conceptual approaches in today’s jurisprudence. Scientific inferences of legal scholars about this social institution are often reduced to the definition of the concept by identifying selective characteristics (features) without a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. The author has concluded that the “public” in jurisprudence should be understood as both individual citizens and their associations, which have a high level of legal consciousness and legal culture, as well as the basis of beliefs and ideology which are the building of the legal state and civil society. The author suggests to abandon in the theory of operational-search activities from the use of the concept of "public" as a category of operational-search activities forces, because: first, "public" is an abstract concept in contrast to other categories of operational-search activities forces, including law enforcement agencies operational units, secret full-time and part-time agents who have legal status; secondly, the public takes part in various branches of society, which are not characterized by the focus on assisting operational units in combating crime.
Basic Reproduction Number of Tuberculosis Spread Model in Lamongan With DOTS Strategy
Authors: Alfan Aris , Resmi Fitroh , Dewi Nihaya Alivia Coraima
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) will be a serious threat if not handled quickly and appropriately. The relatively long treatment in time and the high risk of death is a challenge in controlling the spread of this disease. The DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) strategy is considered capable of controlling the spread of TB because of the high success rate, reaching 91%. The mathematical model of the spread of TB has been widely studied to determine the potential for the spread of this disease in an area. The purpose of this study is to build a model of tuberculosis spread in Lamongan to determine the rate of its spread and to predict whether it will be endemic or not. Using disease spread mathematical model type SEITR, this research has examined based on 2018 and 2019 data from the Lamongan health office then simulates the result. The research begins with the construction of the model followed by a stability analysis of the model by determining the basic reproduction number ( ), which is simulated after the parameter approach was carried out. From the simulation results, the result shows that   means that TB will not endemic in Lamongan. Besides, the results of the effect of parameter ω on I(t) were obtained, which concluded that seeking and treating active TB alone would only reduce infected individuals but not reduce the length of time TB spread. Identification of the effect of parameter φ on I(t) has also been carried out which results in the conclusion that more treatment for susceptible individuals, in addition to reducing the number of infected individuals, will also reduce the length of time TB spreads in that area. This result will be a good suggestion for the government to deal faster with tuberculosis transmission.
Students Critical Thinking Reviewed from Field-Dependent and Field-Independent on Number Pattern Material
Authors: Arigawati Nur Hijjah , Kusnandi Kusnandi
Published: April 2021

One of the competencies or learning goals in the 2013 curriculum is to promote curiosity, creativity, and the ability to arranging problem to build critical thinking which are necessary for intelligent life. However, in reality, students's critical thinking skills in mathematics are still not satisfactory. Mathematic’ material and critical thinking skills are two things that cannot be separated because mathematics material can be understood through critical thinking which is trained through learning mathematics. Learning number patterns aims to equip students to think critically, analyze, creatively, logically, and systematically. Students' critical thinking skills have related to the existence of cognitive aspects like how to complete a task, make procedures design, and be able to give the right solution in solving problems. This study aims to understand how students of junior high school solve math problems with number pattern material reviewed from students's critical thinking with Field-Dependent (FD) and Field-Independent (FI) cognitive style. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method with case study design. From the results of study conducted on 14 students, there were 64% students in the Independent field category and 36% students in the Dependent field category. Of the 2 students, among them taken in the Independent field category, they have high-level critical thinking skills and medium-level critical thinking skills. There are 2 students among those taken in the Dependent field category have critical thinking skills on medium level and low level.
S. P. SHEVYREV’S UNPUBLISHED MESSAGE TO THE YOUNG PROFESSORS OF THE MOSCOW UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Berezkina S.V.
Published: April 2021

S. P. Shevyrev’s message «V narode, k znaniyu gotovom…» («Amid the folk eager to be educated...»), written to honor the promulgation of the new University Charter of 1835, is published in the article. The poem is addressed to the young professors of the Moscow University, being a response to an important event in the life of the Russian academic community. The message testifi es to Shevyrev’s wholehearted support of the Uvarov Triad, which served as the foundation for the Ministry of Public Education policies.
THE THEME OF THE EMERGENCE OF ART AND VARIATIONS ON SHAKESPEARE IN PASTERNAK’S CYCLE "A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM"
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow, Polivanova D.K. , Polivanov K.M. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow
Published: April 2021

The article offers an interpretation of six poems from the cycle A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Son v Letniuiu Noch’), one of the most «obscure» cycles in Boris L. Pasternak’s fourth poetry collection Themes and Variations (Temy i Variatsii). The authors demonstrate that the themes of the emergence of art and the circumstances of the fi rst post-revolutionary years — the central themes for the entire volume — may be linked to the Shakespeare’s comedy from which the cycle’s name is drawn.
А. М. REMIZOV AND HIS STRUGGLE FOR «DREAM»
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Obatnina E.R.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes several events pertaining to the writer’s participation in the literary life of the Russian Paris, as refl ected in his album Foreign Censorship (1924–1931), a collection of manuscript fragments and personal correspondence with the editors. Precedents of negative perception of Remizov’s work by the editorial boards of various periodicals have been discovered. The case studies outline the links between the formation of Remizov’s autobiographical principle and the problem of legitimizing the genre of «dreams». Remizov’s tactics and methods as he struggled for his own literary credo are detailed.
THEATRICAL ALBUMS BY M. A. BULGAKOV IN THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow, Penskaya E.N.
Published: April 2021

Bulgakov’s theatrical album is both a creative laboratory and a diary. One of the fi rst questions to be asked concerns the semiotic nature of a theatrical album, which has its own specifi c language. The theatrical album as a unique complex phenomenon and combination of styles has not yet been studied. This article is an attempt to fi ll the gap.
ADDENDA
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bogomolov N.A. , Ponomareva E.A. ,   Moscow State Pushkin Museum
Published: April 2021

A letter from I. N. Rozanov to his wife, where he writes about A. A. Akhmatova, is published in the article. The data is instrumental for clarifying the existing ideas about Akhmatova’s studies of the French sources of Eugene Onegin, and in particular of A. Chenier.
CONCERNING A RESPONSE TO REINER MARIA RILKE’S DEATH: THE “RUSSIAN” P.S.
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Koreneva M. Iu.
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the responses to the death of R.M. Rilke in the context of his cult following that flourished during his lifetime and the pervading interest in Dostoyevsky in Germany in the 1920s. It influenced the perception of Rilke as a dangerous “Russophile” responsible, along with others, for the ideological and moral “fall” of the German culture. Special attention is paid to the first publication of Rilke’s private letter to a Russian correspondent in the «Rigasche Rundschau» and its link to the book “«Idiotenführer durch die russische Literatur» (“A Guide to the Idiots of the Russian Literature”) by B. Eckstein-Diener.
Literary Societies in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century: Approaches to an Interdisciplinary Description
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bodrova A. S. ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The review article systematizes the principle achievements in the studies of the literary societies and associations in the Russian and foreign historiography of the 1990–2010s, and analyzes approaches to this material within the framework of various disciplines and methodologies. The author suggests an institutional approach as the basis for the development of a conceptual and fact-fortified language for describing the literary societies in Russia in the fi rst half of the 19th century. An institutional approach provides an opportunity to link the history of the literary associations with the broader socio-historical context and to describe the role played by the literary societies in the formation of the «public sphere» and civil society in the 19th-century Russia
"THE DISCOURSE ON INSTABILITY AND CHAOS" BY MAXIM THE GREEK. AT THE SOURCES OF VASILIJA’S LAMENTATION
Authors:   University of Florence (Italy), Garzaniti Marcello
Published: April 2021

The article suggests that the female protagonist of the Lamentation, supposedly written in the mid-17th century, is an allegorical personifi cation of «power», a woman named Vasilija, dressed in widowhood and surrounded by wild beasts. Her lamentation contains numerous references to the prophecies of the Old Testament prophets. The character evokes the image of the «virgin caste» of Pauline origin (2 Cor. 11, 1–2), used by Savonarola in his canzone De Ruina Ecclesiae. Maxim elaborates this Savonarolian model, taking into account the canzone De Ruina Mundi, on the basis of a complex and neatly orchestrated biblical exegesis that highlights the allegory not only in relation to the Russian State, but as projected on the universal history, illustrating the relationship between earthly power and the «kingdom of heaven» in eschatological terms.
IVAN CHEMNITZER’S FABLE «THE STUDENT OF METAPHYSICS»: MAKINGS OF THE PLOT
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Trakhtenberg L.A.
Published: April 2021

The article traces the sources of Ivan Chemnitzer’s fable «The Student of Metaphysics». Its plot is based on Aesop’s fable «The Astrologer» (Perry 40) and the folk anecdote «The Learned Son» (AT 1628). C. F. Gellert’s fable «The Peasant and his Son» (Perry 707) might have provided the pattern for the plot synthesis. Combining Aesop’s plot with the personae of the anecdote, Chemnitzer formulates the problem of false enlightenment, considered important in the 18th century, in the language of literary and folklore archetypes
Strategic stakeholder management: theoretical concept and features of application
Authors: Halushka Zoia
Published: April 2021

The article examines the development of the theoretical concept of stakeholders, a comparative analysis of approaches to the definition and grouping of stakeholders depending on their impact on the functioning of the organisation. The objective nature of the emergence of strategic stakeholder management as a modern concept of organisation management, operating in an unstable environment, is substantiated. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to substantiation of the essence of the concept of stakeholder management, the necessity and peculiarities of its application in strategic management of organisations in modern business conditions are shown. The main task of stakeholder management is identified, which is not just to maintain mutually beneficial interaction between all stakeholders, but to find mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of joint activities as a holistic system that includes the interests of all stakeholders. Based on the generalisation of all tools and mechanisms of strategic stakeholder management, two main approaches are identified - resource and relationship. It is noted that the relational approach means the formation of social capital, which in itself is a strategic resource, as it ensures the reputation of the business and promotes competitive advantage. It was found that in strategic management there are already certain principles of stakeholder management: systematic relationships, strategic orientation of all stakeholders to develop business strategies that take into account the interests, values and long-term goals of the organisation; mutual benefit of relations with stakeholders; the need to balance the interests of stakeholders; proactive management; focus on sustainable development and long-term relationships; transparency and accountability in non-financial relationships. It is substantiated that the result of effective stakeholder management is the value of the organisation. It is created by the joint efforts of all stakeholders on the basis of their interaction and depends on the availability, sufficiency and effectiveness of management of all resources and types of capital.
Adaptation of the marketing communication policy of trade enterprises to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Burdyak Oleh , Cherdantseva Irуna
Published: April 2021

The article discovers the nature and significance of the complex of marketing communications in the market activities of trade retail enterprises of Ukraine and analyzes the features and key indicators of the development of the food retail market in recent years. Based on the results of a consumer survey and statistics on the cost of marketing communications of enterprises in 2020, individual changes in customer purchasing behavior caused by quarantine restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic are characterized. Among these changes, attempts to reduce the number of visits and minimize the time spent in the store are highlighted, an increase in the volume of simultaneous purchases of "necessary" goods and a decrease in the number of spontaneous and unplanned purchases, a change in priorities regarding store formats and their remoteness, an increase in the popularity of online shopping and delivery services, and so on.
The influence of the identified changes on the attitude of customers to marketing communications of retail trade entities is determined and possible directions for adapting the communication policy of enterprises to work in quarantine conditions are indicated. In particular, the possibilities of adapting individual advertising tools at the place of sale, advertising in social media and instant messengers, sales promotion measures, commercial propaganda and sponsorship are defined.
Development of Venture Philanthropy in Ukraine in the Context of Strengthening of the Social Responsibility of Civil Society Organizations
Authors: Tkachuk Iryna
Published: April 2021

The main aim of the article is to highlight the venture philanthropy in the context of strengthening the social responsibility of non-governmental organizations in countries that are at the initial stage of developing a culture of charity.
Design/methodology/approach. In fulfilling the purpose of the study a set of general and special research methods were used (methods of analogy and comparison, induction and deduction, scientific abstraction (to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the problem under study, and to justify the benefits of venture philanthropy compared to the traditional approach to charity); logical generalization and systematization (to justify the use of crowdfunding approach for projects that have not passed the initial competitive selection in the social purpose organization), etc.).
Research results. The article discusses the national Ukrainian features of the social responsibility of non-governmental organizations. It also highlights some existing approaches to the interpretation of the content of venture philanthropy and substantiates its main differences from the traditional approach to charity. The author explains that criticism of venture philanthropy is mainly caused by the lack of understanding of its content and the possibility of applying venture approaches in charity. The author also substantiates the importance of applying a venture approach to charity as one that helps to solve the root causes of existing problems in society. Given the initial stage of development of venture philanthropy in Ukraine, the author proposes to introduce it in combination with a crowdfunding approach. Such a mechanism will contribute not only to the faster introduction of venture philanthropy into domestic charity practice, but also to a significant increase in the social responsibility of NGOs and citizens involved in the processes.
The elements of scientific novelty. The article substantiates the feasibility of using a venture approach to charity in comparison with the traditional approach. For the first time in Ukrainian practice, the peculiarities of the formation of venture philanthropy in Ukraine from a scientific point of view are studied and it is proposed to use its flexibility to improve the charity process and the development of philanthropy culture in Ukraine. This can be achieved through a combination of venture and crowdfunding approaches to charity.
Practical significance. The main results of the study can be used as the basis for further scientific research devoted to the problems of the activities of NGOs, and will also be useful for decision-making process for development of the civil society policy in Ukraine creation.
Phase II (NAVIGATE-AD study) Results of LY3202626 Effects on Patients with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia
Authors: Lo Albert C. , Evans Cynthia Duggan , Mancini Michele , Wang Hong , Shcherbinin Sergey , Lu Ming , Natanegara Fanni , Willis Brian A.
Published: April 2021

Background:

LY3202626 is a small molecule inhibitor of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE)1 shown to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ)1–40 and Aβ1–42 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

To assess the change from baseline in flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) after treatment with LY3202626 compared with placebo in patients with mild AD dementia.

Methods:

Patients received daily 3 mg or 12 mg doses of LY3202626 or placebo for 52 weeks. The primary outcome was assessment of cerebral neurofibrillary tangle load by flortaucipir PET. The study was terminated early following an interim analysis due to a low probability of identifying a statistically significant slowing of cognitive and/or functional decline.

Results:

A total of 316 patients were randomized and 47 completed the study. There was no statistically significant difference between placebo and either dose of LY3202626 from baseline to 52 weeks, or in annualized change for flortaucipir PET. There was no clinically meaningful difference between placebo and LY3202626 doses on efficacy measures of cognition and function. No deaths or serious adverse events considered related to LY3202626 were reported. A statistically significant increase in treatment-emergent adverse events in the psychiatric disorders system organ class was reported for both LY3202626 doses compared to placebo.

Conclusion:

LY3202626 tested at doses generating 70–90% BACE inhibition was generally well tolerated in this study. LY3202626 treatment did not result in a clinically significant change in cerebral tau burden as measured by flortaucipir nor in change of functional or cognitive decline compared to placebo.
Incidental Prostate Cancer in Radical Cystoprostatectomy Specimens is Associated with Worse Overall Survival
Authors: Kimura Takahiro , Onuma Hajime , Sato Shun , Inaba Hiroyuki , Fukuokaya Wataru , Urabe Fumihiko , Kimura Shoji , Tashiro Kojiro , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Miki Jun , Furuta Akira , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Egawa Shin
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

The impact of incidental prostate cancer (IPC) on oncological outcomes after radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) specimens from patients with bladder cancer (BC) remains controversial. This relationship has not been well elucidated in Asian countries, where the incidence of prostate cancer has recently shown dramatic increases.

OBJECTIVES:

This study retrospectively compared pathological features and oncological outcomes between BC patients with and without IPC in the RCP specimens.

METHODS:

This study included 142 men who underwent RCP for BC. Men who were previously diagnosed with prostate cancer were excluded. Each prostate gland and seminal vesicle was processed as whole mounts and 4-mm close-step sectioning was performed. A single genitourinary pathologist diagnosed IPC. The pathological features and oncological outcomes such as overall survival (OS), bladder cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between patients with IPC (IPC+group, n = 45) and without IPC (IPC- group, n = 97). P values less than 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance for patients’ characteristics. Because of multi-primary endpoint, P values less than 0.0167 was considered statistical significance for oncological outcomes.

RESULTS:

We detected IPC in 45 RCP specimens (31.6%). Patients in the IPC- group were significantly younger at surgery than those in the IPC+group ( P < 0.001). The pathological features of the RCP specimens did not differ significantly. In multivariable analyses, presence of IPC was significantly associated with worse OS ( P = 0.005), but not with either BCSS or PFS ( P = 0.038 and 0.326, respectively). In Kaplan–Meier analyses, OS tended to be longer in the IPC- group than that in the IPC+group (NR vs 65 months, P = 0.0017).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggested significantly better OS in patients without IPC than that in those with IPC.
Escuelas de Dirección de Empresas
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: April 2021

.
La evolución del salario ante el Plan de Estabilización económica
Authors: Baldasano Manuel
Published: April 2021

.
I.- Crónica Social de España
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: April 2021

.
A STUDY ON RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS AND ITS OUTCOME IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Valsalan Abhijith , Kavalakat Alfie J , Gopal Gowri , P John Thomas , Vakiyath Rashifa , M V Suresh
Published: April 2021

Background: Respiratory complications are frequent in acute pancreatitis, and respiratory dysfunction, presenting as Acute lung injury (ALI) or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), with a frequent need for ventilator support, which contributes to early death in severe acute pancreatitis. The current study was done with the objective of assessing the morbidity and mortality of acute pancreatitis cases with respiratory complications and to find out whether there is any association between the aetiology of acute pancreatitis and respiratory complications.

Methodology: It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre in Kerala. All participants admitted with symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis were screened for potential enrolment. The inclusion criteria employed were that the patients should be aged above 18 years, and presenting with the first episode of pancreatitis, irrespective of aetiology. All the patients who were admitted were monitored daily for the worsening of any respiratory complications and provided with adequate respiratory supports.

Results: Out of the 101 participants recruited, males were 84.2%. Mean (SD) age was 42.1 (11.4) years. Majority of cases (61%) had alcoholic aetiology. Fourteen patients required high flow nasal oxygen support, four patients were given face mask support, five patients required ventilator support and three patients required tracheostomy support. Respiratory complications and requirement of support were found to be associated with higher morbidity as well as mortality. Respiratory complications were higher in those with alcoholic etiology but this was not significant in univariate analysis.

Conclusion: Respiratory complications pose challenges in clinical course of acute pancreatitis in terms of morbidity as well as mortality. Aetiology did not seem to play a major role in development of respiratory complications.
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF INTENTIONAL REPLANTATION OF TEETH UTILIZING ATRAUMATIC EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE AND BIODENTIN AS ROOT END RESTORATIVE MATERIAL. AN IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Tomer Anil K. , Mushtaq Hysum , Tyagi Ayush , Poonia Sachin , Sabharwal Geetika , Singh Supriya , Jain Shivangi
Published: April 2021

Aims: Aim is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of Intentional Replantation of teeth utilizing Atraumatic extraction technique and Biodentin as root end restorative material

Materials and Methods: Any patients irrespective of age & sex who reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences & Research with the post endodontic treatment periapical pathology where orthograde retreatment and apical surgery was unfeasible or declined by patients and where extraction be the last resort was selected for the procedure. Informed consent was taken. Retention and healed status without complications (periapical radiolucency, external root resorption, ankylosis, signs/symptoms, probing <6 mm) was recorded and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model (P < .05). Bivariate associations of the investigated variables with the main complications (ankylosis, periapical radiolucency, external root resorption) evaluated. 

Results: Cumulative healed rates from 60% at 6 months to 92% at 12months seen. Complications leading to extraction observed in 1 of 15 attending teeth. The Kaplan-Meier survival function suggested an expected 1-year cumulative retention rate of 92%. Among the 15 teeth, 1 tooth with complication was due to persistent periapical radiolucency and mobility.

Null hypothesis was that IR is to preserve the natural dentition, there by upholding the main goal of Conservative treatment.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, after analyzing the results and obtaining a complete follow up of 12 months radiographically and clinically, it can be concluded that Intentional replantation is an alternative treatment and should be included in the savior procedures as it has shown a success rate of 92%.

Keywords: endodontic complications, intentional replantation, physics forceps, Biodentin
The Effect of Executive Functions on Tolerance and Quality of Life of MS Patients: Path Analysis Pattern
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran., Tofighian1 Shohreh , Khanehkeshi Ali ,   Department of Psychology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran., Akbarnataj Bisheh Kolsom ,   Department of Medical Science, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease is a chronic, debilitating, and often progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is affected by cognitive and emotional dimensions, and also, this disease affects these dimensions. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effect of executive functions on the tolerance and quality of life of MS patients. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 290 MS patients were selected as the sample size by simple random sampling method from the statistical population consisted of all 687 patients with MS disease in Gorgan’s MS Association, Gorgan City, Iran, in 2020. To collect data, we used Nejati’s executive functions questionnaire, McGuigan and Hutchinson’s quality of life questionnaire, and Simons and Gaher’s tolerance scale. Path analysis by SPSS V.18 and AMOS V.23 software was used for data processing. Results: According to the results of path analysis, executive functions affect -0.371 and tolerance -0.257 on the quality of life (P=0.01), and in total, that can explain 44% of the variance. Also, tolerance mediates the relationship between executive function and quality of life. Conclusion: Executive function is related to the quality of life of MS patients by the mediating role of tolerance, in the sense that a higher ability to tolerate increases the constructive effect of executive function on improving the quality of life.
The Effect of Herniarin on Spatial Working Memory, Pain Threshold, and Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Hypoperfusion Model in Rats
Authors:   Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran., Nazari Barchestani Zahra , Rafieirad Maryam ,   Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Background: Ischemia causes severe neuronal damage and induces oxidative stress, memory impairment, and reduces pain threshold. Herniarin is a powerful antioxidant. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herniarin on memory, pain, and oxidative stress in an ischemia model in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this study, 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups of control, sham, ischemic, and two other ischemic groups, which received herniarin at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg by gavage for 14 days. Behavioral tests were performed by shuttle box, and Y-maze and pain tests were performed by Tail-Flick test. Then, the rats’ brains were extracted to evaluate lipid peroxidation and measure the levels of thiol and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampus and striatum tissues. The results were expressed as Mean±SEM and then analyzed using suitable statistical methods of ANOVA and least significant difference post-hoc test in SPSS V. 20. Results: Herniarin significantly increased the avoidance memory, spatial memory, and pain thresholds of ischemic rats at different concentrations (P<0.001). Besides, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol in the ischemic group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). Also, in the ischemic group, GPX (P<0.001) significantly decreased. Decreased MDA (P<0.001) and thiol (P<0.001) and increased GPX levels were observed with herniarin administration (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to this study’s results, herniarin can remove free radicals and oxidant substances from the brain. Thus, it improves memory and pain thresholds in the brain hypoperfusion ischemia model.
Anti-myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein in Aquaporin-4 Negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Shaygannejad Vahid , Barzegar Mahdi ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Manouchehri Navid ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Esmaeil Nafiseh ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Nehzat Nasim ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Badihian Shervin ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Ashtari Fereshteh ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Mirmosayyeb Omid ,   Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Background: The absence of Aquaporin-4 Antibody (AQP4-Ab) in a fraction of the Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) patients has led to a search for other serologic markers. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) is a protein component of the myelin sheets encapsulating the neural fibers. Objectives: We aimed to compare the presence and levels of anti-MOG (Ig-G) in a group of seronegative NMOSD patients with a healthy control group. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 NMOSD patients with negative AQP-Ab status, who were referred to the Neurology Clinic of Kashani University Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran, from March 2015 to March 2016, and 26 healthy controls were consecutively recruited. Their baseline demographic and clinical data were recorded. Serum anti-MOG levels were measured in both groups. The obtained data were analyzed using the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Chisquare test in SPSS V. 18. Results: The anti-MOG test results were statistically higher in patients (n=12, 37.5%) compared to controls (n=0, 0%) (P<0.0001). The level of anti-MOG in Healthy Control (HC) was higher compared to patients with negative anti-MOG (P<0.0001) and was lower than patients with positive anti-MOG (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study showed that nearly one-third of seronegative NMOSD patients were positive for MOG-Ab. Further studies are needed to assess the characteristics and outcome of these patients.
Effect of a 6-week Aerobic Exercise Program on High-mobility Group Box 1 Gene Expression in Aortic Tissue of Diabetic Rats
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Hassanpour Soleimani Samira , Abbassi Daloii Asiyeh ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Abdi Ahmed ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran., Zilaei Bori Sheerin ,   Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Masjed-Soliman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Aims: Type 2 diabetes is a rising problem and a significant risk factor for small and large vessel disease. The present study aims to investigate the effect of a 6-week aerobic exercise program on High-mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) gene expression in aortic tissue of diabetic rats. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 40 male rats aged 8 weeks were randomly selected. Once familiarized with the exercise protocol, they were divided into four groups of healthy-control (n=10), diabetic-control (n=10), healthy-exercise (n=10), and diabetic-exercise (n=10). Type 2 diabetes was first induced, and then the rats run on a treadmill for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week. After 12-14 h of fasting and 72 h after the last session, aortic tissue sampling was performed for HMGB1 analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT PCR) technique. Data analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the significant level of P<0.05. Findings: Induction of type 2 diabetes led to a significant increase in HMGB1 gene expression in rats (P=0.001), significantly reduced following aerobic exercise (P=0.003). Aerobic exercise also reduced the expression of the HMGB1 gene in healthy rats (P=0.000). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise may have a protective effect by reducing the HMGB1 gene expression in the aortic tissue of diabetic rats. It can be used as an effective non-pharmacological method to improve diabetes-induced inflammation and prevent vascular disorders.
The Utilization of Areca Skin Fiber - Pumice and Epoxy Resin Towards The Characterization of Concrete Polymer
Authors: Hakim Lukman
Published: April 2021

The manufacturing and characterization of polymer concrete made from the mixture of areca fiber, pumice and sand as an aggregate and epoxy resin as a binder material has been conducted. The mixture of sand, pumice and areca shell fiber varies with (50:50:0) g, (49:49:2) g, (48:48:4) g, (47:47:6) g, (46:46:8) g, (45:45:10) g respectively, and epoxy resin (25.30) g in every variation of aggregate (sand + pumice + areca fiber). The results reveal that the best mixture composition in accordance to the experiment was a mixture of sand and areca shell with a ratio of 48:48:2 g as well as the addition of 30 g epoxy resin. The physical properties of polymer concrete were analyzed. The density was 1.81 (g.cmˉ³) and porosity was 1%. Moreover, the mechanical properties were also analyzed by performing the impact test with the result of 7.5 KJ/m² and bending strength test was 16.94 MPa. The XRD analysis indicated the presence of quartz, pumice stone, quartz, pumice stone hexagonal, while the areca fiber has an amorphous crystal shape.
Difference in the Amount of Voltage between Solid and Liquid Form of Bilimbi Fruit as an Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Elisa
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to discover whether there was a difference in the amount of voltage between liquid bilimbi and fresh bilimbi fruit as an alternative energy source. The research samples were 100 grams of fresh bilimbi and 100 grams of liquid bilimbi. The samples were connected to a multimeter through zinc plate and copper plate using a crocodile clip cable. After connected, the voltage measurement of the bilimbi was carried out five times in order to obtain accurate data. The collected data were averaged, and the difference between the two samples was calculated. The results showed that the average amount of voltage from liquid bilimbi was 0.72 V while the average amount of voltage from fresh bilimbi was 1.42 V. Thus, the difference between the two forms of bilimbi was 0.7 V. In conclusion, there was a difference in the amount of voltage produced by liquid bilimbi and fresh bilimbi fruit as an alternative energy source in which fresh bilimbi fruit had a higher amount of voltage than the liquid bilimbi.
A Study of Strength Activity Index of Pozzolan and Silica Sand with Ordinary Portland Cement Using ASTM C595 / C595M-12 Method
Authors: Susanti Nova
Published: April 2021

Strength Activity Index (SAI) is a method that aims to see the quality of additional materials mixed into the cement. The additional materials examined in this study were pozzolan from Lubuk Alung, pozzolan from Sicincin, and silica sand from Payakumbuh. This study refers to the ASTM C595/C595M-12 standard. The process started with placing specimens and mold (on a base plate) in a humid room or closet and protecting the surface from water droplets. After the mold was removed from the humid room or closet, the cubes were removed from the mold. The cubes were placed in suitable metal or glass containers, and the containers were sealed and stored at a temperature of 38.0±2.00C for 27 days. The specimens were cooled to 23.0±2.00C before the tests were carried out. The compressive strength results of pozzolan from Lubuk Alung, pozzolan from Sicincin, and silica sand from Payakumbuh were 327 kg⁄cm2, 296 kg⁄cm2 and 199 kg⁄cm2 respectively. Thus, the specimens which fulfilled the SAI requirement according to ASTM C-618 were pozzolan from Lubuk Alung and pozzolan from Sicincin with 91.34% and 82.68%, respectively. In contrast, silica sand from Payakumbuh did not fulfill the requirement of ASTM C-618 at a minimum of 75% because the result obtained was only 55.58%.