bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KMHK 1762: Another star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud age gap
Authors: Gatto M. , Ripepi V. , Bellazzini M. , Tosi M. , Tortora C. , Cignoni M. , Dall’Ora M. , Cioni M.-R. L. , Cusano F. , Longo G. , Marconi M. , Musella I. , Schipani P. , Spavone M.
Published: August 2022

Context. The star cluster (SC) age distribution of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) exhibits a gap from ∼4 to 10 Gyr ago, with an almost total absence of SCs. Within this age gap, only two confirmed SCs have been identified hitherto. Nonetheless, the star field counterpart does not show the same characteristics, making the LMC a peculiar galaxy where the star formation history and cluster formation history appear to differ significantly.

Aims. We re-analysed the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the KMHK 1762 SC by using the deep optical photometry provided by the ‘Yes, Magellanic Clouds Again’ survey, so as to robustly assess its age.

Methods. First, we partially removed foreground and/or field stars by means of parallaxes and proper motions obtained from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. Then, we applied the Automated Stellar Cluster Analysis package to the cleaned photometric catalogue to identify the isochrone that best matches the CMD of KMHK 1762.

Results. The estimated age of KMHK 1762 is log(t)=9.74 ± 0.15 dex (∼5.5 Gyr), which is more than 2 Gyr older than the previous estimation which was obtained with shallower photometry. This value makes KMHK 1762 the third confirmed age-gap SC of the LMC.

Conclusions. The physical existence of a quiescent period of the LMC SC formation is questioned. We suggest it can be the result of an observational bias, originating from the combination of shallow photometry and limited investigation of the LMC periphery.
Dust depletion of metals from local to distant galaxies
Authors: Konstantopoulou Christina , De Cia Annalisa , Krogager Jens-Kristian , Ledoux Cédric , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Heintz Kasper E. , Watson Darach , Andersen Anja C. , Ramburuth-Hurt Tanita , Jermann Iris
Published: August 2022

Large fractions of metals are missing from the observable gas-phase in the interstellar medium (ISM) because they are incorporated into dust grains. This phenomenon is called dust depletion. It is important to study the depletion of metals into dust grains in the ISM to investigate the origin and evolution of metals and cosmic dust. We characterize the dust depletion of several metals from the Milky Way to distant galaxies. We collected measurements of ISM metal column densities from absorption-line spectroscopy in the literature, and in addition, we determined Ti and Ni column densities from a sample of 70 damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs) toward quasars that were observed at high spectral resolution with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). We used relative ISM abundances to estimate the dust depletion of 18 metals (C, P, O, Cl, Kr, S, Ge, Mg, Si, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni, Al, Ti, Zn, and Fe) for different environments (the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, and DLAs toward quasars and towards gamma-ray bursts). We observed overall linear relations between the depletion of each metal and the overall strength of the dust depletion, which we traced with the observed [Zn/Fe]. The slope of these dust depletion sequences correlates with the condensation temperature of the various elements, that is, the more refractory elements show steeper depletion sequences. In the neutral ISM of the Magellanic Clouds, small deviations from linearity are observed as an overabundance of the α-elements Ti, Mg, S, and an underabundance of Mn, including for metal-rich systems. The Ti, Mg, and Mn deviations completely disappear when we assume that all systems in our sample of OB stars observed toward the Magellanic Clouds have an α-element enhancement and Mn underabundance, regardless of their metallicity. This may imply that the Magellanic Clouds have recently been enriched in α-elements, potentially through recent bursts of star formation. We also observe an S overabundance in all local galaxies, which is an effect of ionization due to the contribution of their H ii regions to the measured S ii column densities. The observed strong correlations of the depletion sequences of the metals all the way from low-metallicity quasi-stellar object DLAs to the Milky Way suggest that cosmic dust has a common origin, regardless of the star formation history, which, in contrast, varies significantly between these different galaxies. This supports the importance of grain growth in the ISM as a significant process of dust production.
Effect of carbohydrate hydrolytic enzyme complex in combination with energy feed on rumen digestion, metabolism, productivity and fatty acid composition of milk fat in cows
Authors: Fomichev Yuri , Bogolyubova Nadezhda , Ermakov Igor
Published: August 2022

The research was carried out on 2 groups of dairy cows of 30 heads on the farm with the formation of technological groups according to the timing of calving and milking on the unit with individual accounting of milk yield. Cows of the experimental group in the period two weeks before calving and for 2 months after calving were added to the diet, respectively, 150 and 300 ml / head / day energy feed based on propylene glycol and glycerin with a complex of enzymes cellulase, xylase, beta-gluconase and glucoamylase activity (EFEC). The main diet consisted of traditional feed and was designed to receive an average daily milk yield of 25 kg of milk. EFEC had practically no effect on the pH and ammonia content in the rumen chyme, but increased the content of VFA in it by 3.6%. It had no effect on the total microbial mass, but reduced the population of infusoria by 23.5% and increased the bacterial population by 27.8%. EFEC had a positive effect on protein-nitrogen metabolism, liver function, antioxidant activity, hormonal status and hematology. As a result, during 3 months of lactation, the average daily milk yield in cows of the experimental group was 19.9, 20.9 and 21.1 kg of milk (P<0.001), which was higher than in the control by 13.0, 9.4 and 16.5%, respectively.
Assessment of the effectiveness of black-and-white cattle breeding in the regional aspect
Authors: Tikhonov Anatoly , Bautina Olga , Kovalenko Nikolay
Published: August 2022

The modern structure of cattle breeding is largely determined by the level of realization of the productive potential of dairy cattle breeds. Most of the dairy herd of the country is represented by black-and-white cattle. Due to the scale of the territory of the Russian Federation and the wide variety of its natural and economic conditions, each region of the country has its own indicators of the dairy herd development. In this regard, we conducted a comparative assessment of the complex of indicators for the effectiveness of the use of black-and-white cows in the conditions of their maintenance in Russia, as well as in the Volga Federal District, the Republic of Bashkortostan and at a specific enterprise Kalinin AP LLC.
Technologies of DNA marking of target genes as a tool for selecting parental pairs in tomato breeding programs for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. ssp. Lycopersici.
Authors: Korzh Svetlana , Dubina Elena
Published: August 2022

Development of tomato varieties and hybrids with resistance to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f sp. Lycopersici is a priority in breeding of vegetable crops. Evaluation and selection of the initial material is important in effective breeding for resistance to a pathogen. To do this, along with classical methods in tomato breeding, the method of molecular marking is widely used. The purpose of this study was to screen the existing collection of tomatoes with molecular markers I-2/5, I2OH and At-2, which allow identification of resistance genes to the first and second races of the fusarium pathogen. As a result of the work, genotypes were identified that can be used as donors of resistance genes for further breeding work.
The effect of potassium humate and micronutrients on the yield of cucumber fruits in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Dzanagov S.H. , Dzheliev A.S. , Basiev A.E. , Kanukov Z.T. , Lazarov T.K.
Published: August 2022

A hybrid Svyatogor F1 of Dutch breeding was grown in a winter greenhouse for three turns. Studies have shown that pre-sowing seed soaking treatment and foliar top dressing of plants with potassium humate did not affect germination, but positively affected plant growth, except for lithium carbon dioxide. For potassium humate and PABA, the leaf area increased, while for lithium it decreased. Micro fertilizers, except lithium, had a positive effect on the formation of fruits, their weight and yield. The largest yield of cucumbers was obtained by PABA and potassium humate mixed with other trace elements: 33.63 and 34.0 kg/m2 with a control indicator of 30.75 kg/m2. One foliage fertilization with micro fertilizers also had a positive effect: in terms of yield, the variant of a mixture of all fertilizers was in the first place - 34.75, the PABA with a yield of 33.93 kg/m2 was in the second place, and 30.97 kg/m2 were in the control. Lithium had a retarding effect on all indicators.
Creation of the virus free nursery plantings of the genus prunus l. by the phytosanitary selection
Authors: Kukharchyk Natallia , Kastrytskaya Manana , Bazhydai Tatsiana , Kolbanova Elena
Published: August 2022

Diagnostic of 12 viral pathogens of stone fruit crops, including new to the certification scheme (Carnation ringspot tombusvirus (CRSV), Myrobalan latent ringspot nepovirus (MLRSV), Petunia asteroid mosaic tombusvirus (PeAMV), Tobacco ringspot nepovirus (TRSV)) by immune-enzyme analysis was carried out in the Institute for fruit growing in 2020 – 2021. Virus-free clones of varieties and rootstocks forms of stone fruit crops have been identified to create Nuclear stock collection, including: 10 varieties of plums, 3 - cherry plums, 7 - sour cherries, 14 - sweet cherries, 5 - apricots, 4 - peaches, 10 forms of rootstocks of stone crops. Varieties of peach and apricot, as well as rootstocks of these crops, for the creation of Nuclear stock collection were generated in 2021 in Belarus for the first time.
Development and testing of a vaccine against infectious atrophic rhinitis and pasteurellosis in pigs
Authors: Belyaeva Alexandra , Kapustin Andrei , Shastin Pavel , Ivanov Evgeniy , Laishevtsev Alexey
Published: August 2022

This work presents the results of the development and testing of a domestic vaccine against infectious atrophic rhinitis and pasteurellosis in pigs caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida type A and D. A drug was designed with the following antigenic composition: B. bronchiseptica (strain B-1341) - 6 * 109 m.c. / dose; antigen of P. multocida type A (strain B-1303) - 3 * 109 m.c. / dose; antigen of P. multocida type D (strain B-1308) - 3 * 109 m. c. / dose. A 3% solution of Aluminum hydroxide in a proportion of 10% was used as an adjuvant. One immunizing dose is 2 cm3. In the course of the study, it was found that the survival of piglets obtained from vaccinated sows is 97.16%, which is comparable with the same indicator in the group of animals immunized with the reference drug - 96.96%. Despite the fact that the average weight of piglets in the experimental group on the 45th day of life was 130 g less than of those in the control group, by the 180th day of life, the experimental piglets were 4.33 kg heavier than the animals in the control group. The average daily gain in the experimental group was 33 g more than the one in the control group. Thus, the selected antigenic composition for the inactivated vaccine is optimal, and is capable of providing high immunogenic and protective activity, both in a vivarium and in an industrial pig-breeding enterprise.
Molecular research in the tomato breeding for resistance to biotic stressors
Authors: Ovod Elena , Dubina Elena , Garkusha Sergey
Published: August 2022

An urgent problem in tomato breeding is the development of universal varieties and hybrids that combine high yields and good fruit quality with group resistance to a number of diseases. The purpose of this study is to develop tomato breeding material resistant to biotic stressors, basing on modern postgenomic technologies using molecular markers. At the initial stage, we tested microsatellite markers from foreign literature sources, the primers used in the study were synthesized by Syntol LLC, samples from the collection of FSBSI Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection and FSBSI Federal Scientific Rice Centre were studied under the conditions of Krasnodar region. PCR conditions for identifying the target Ph -3 gene in the tomato plant material used in the breeding process were optimized. Thus, in our study on the testing of microsatellite markers to identify the target Ph-3 resistance gene in the tomato genetic material, we selected 3 informative microsatellite markers R2M1S, G8-1, R1-3U, which reveal the allelic difference between susceptible and resistant samples.
Heavy metals in the "soil-plant" system when using sewage sludge
Authors: Schiptsova Nadezhda , Vasilyev Oleg , Larionov Gennady , Mardareva Natalia , Fadeeva Natalya
Published: August 2022

This article presents the results of studies of the content of chemical elements in the "soil-plant" system when various doses of sewage sludge are introduced into the soil. The degree of soil contamination with heavy metals was assessed, chemical concentration coefficients were calculated, the soils were classified by permissible pollution, with the possibility of use for any agricultural crops, and theoretical calculations of the maximum possible one-time dose of sewage sludge to the soil according to the limiting indicator of the concentration of heavy metals were given. The concentration of heavy metals in the carrot and table beet biomass has been studied. It was found that the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer affected the content of dry matter, ash and chemical elements in carrot, the dynamics of migration of heavy metals into plant biomass correlates with an increase in their concentration in the soil, and the accumulation of chemical elements in the photosynthetic part is more intense.
Application of a complex probiotic preparation based on B. subtilis and B. licheniformis in the technology of edible eggs' production
Authors: Boronin Valery , Semenov Vladimir , Simurzina Elena , Luzova Anna , Ivanova Raisa
Published: August 2022

This paper highlights the study results on the usage effectiveness of the domestic complex probiotic preparation Immunoflor developed by PC KROS Farm LLC on Dekalb White egg cross chickens in the production of edible eggs. The work was carried out in the conditions of the agricultural production cooperative "Gornomariyskaya Poultry Farm" of the Republic of Mari El. During the experiment, it was found that eggs from laying hens with the highest weight and more close to the ideal shape were obtained in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. Indicators of weight, elastic shell strain, albumen index were higher in the experimental groups relative to the control. By the end of the productive period, the yolk index was higher in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups than in the control by 0.12 and 0.7%, respectively. An increase in the albumen height and the indicator of Haugh units was noted in the eggs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups relative to the control. It was found that egg mass loss decreased when they were stored for 14 days. Thus, the weight of eggs increased and their morphological indicators improved against the background of using a complex probiotic preparation in young poultry.
The influence of growth regulators on the yield of potato tubers of seed material in the conditions of the mountainous zone of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Authors: Nazranov Husen , Orzalieva Mayya , Kudaev Ruslan , Rasulov Abdulabek , Khamokov Khazhset
Published: August 2022

With sufficient provision of mineral macro elements of the soil and an optimized fertilizer system, growth regulators contribute to an increase in the number of tubers laid on one bush. The use of growth regulators dampens the influence of the weather conditions of the year on the diet of plants, which contributes to the growth and development of potatoes. The complex application of growth regulators contributes to the production of leveled seed material, to increase the yield of the seed fraction twice. The effectiveness of using Agrovin Mg-Zn-B is higher than Agrovin Ca by 13%, in terms of total productivity, and in terms of seed yield by 7.8%. Agrovin Ca, in comparison with Agrovin Mg-Zn-B, has a more directed effect on increasing the mass of the tuber than on the number of tubers per plant. The complex use of Agrovin Micro 0.5l/t + Agrovin Mg-Zn-B is more suitable in seed plantation technology, and Agrovin Micro 0.5l/t + Agrovin Sa for the production of table potatoes.
The influence of preparations based on biologically active substances on the yield and quality indicators of potatoes in the conditions of the mountainous zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Khanieva Irina , Magomedov Kamaludin , Boziev Aliy , Abidova Galimat , Abidov Azamat
Published: August 2022

In the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, in the mountainous zone, field studies were carried out to identify the effectiveness of the use of drugs based on biologically active substances on the yield and quality indicators of potatoes in the mountainous zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The following potato varieties Goryanka and Nart 1 were studied as objects of research. The following preparations were the subject of research: Lignohumate AM, Polydon iodine, Fulvigrain Stimulus Pro, Zircon and BisolbiSan, Zh, Succinic acid. Analysis of the data obtained in the course of the research shows that in the variants of the combined use of Lignohumate AM and preparations based on biologically active substances, a stable and high increase in potato yield was noted in all years of the study. The highest yield for the Goryanka variety was noted in the variants of joint application with the Zircon preparation - 8.1 t/ha or 34.5%, for the Nart 1 variety in the variant of the combined application of BisolbiSan - 10.7 t/ha or 36.0%. The use of the drug Lignohumate AM led to an increase in the yield of tubers for varieties Goryanka and Nart 1 by 22.6% and 26.3%, respectively.
Analyse des visions de l’agriculture urbaine et péri-urbaine tunisienne en vue de proposer un programme de formation
Authors: Saied Saoussen , Grenier Pierre , Geoffriau Emmanuel , Pölling Bernd , Kezeya Bruno , Rejeb Hichem
Published: August 2022

La question de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine (AUP) est aujourd’hui d’actualité en Tunisie parce qu’elle devient une préoccupation des politiques territoriales et des stratégies agri-urbaines en termes de gestion et de durabilité des milieux. Mais cette thématique multidisciplinaire présente encore des imprécisions et des tautologies dans les terminologies et dans l’acceptabilité de ce champ de production hybride agricole et urbain. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail est entrepris pour cerner la vision de l’AUP par les acteurs publics, parapublics et privés. Les enquêtes menées directement (en face à face) auprès d’une population représentative de 85 acteurs révèlent un dualisme caractérisé à la fois par une « distanciation » et une « non distanciation » dans les différentes qualifications de l’AUP. La tendance montre plutôt une crise dans sa professionnalisation et dans sa visibilité, toutes deux réduites. Cependant, l’ensemble des populations enquêtées converge vers l’affirmation de l’intérêt de l’AUP, dans une vision limitée au productivisme de l’agriculture. Pour 58 % des acteurs publics, l’AUP est utile, mais plutôt dans une vision de production agricole résiduelle ; 30 % des acteurs publics la considèrent plutôt comme étant une activité en transition, de latence, de stock, ou de réserve foncière. Les acteurs parapublics présentent un ancrage dans les dimensions socio-spatiales, et ce, dans une logique agri-paysagère environnementaliste. Cette qualification est identifiée chez les trois quarts des acteurs parapublics et chez 50 % des acteurs publics. Une toute autre qualification est exprimée par les acteurs privés, plutôt tenants d’un urbanisme vert, car plus des deux tiers privilégient les services agroécologiques de médiation, les métiers verts et de l’obtention de produits agricoles de qualité et de proximité.
Le biocontrôle en France : de quoi parle-t-on ?
Authors: Deguine Jean-Philippe , Ledouble Hélène
Published: August 2022

L’utilisation des pesticides chimiques de synthèse dans la protection des cultures a aujourd’hui clairement montré ses limites : risques sanitaires, effets négatifs sur l’environnement, déséquilibres écologiques, pertes d’efficacité et coûts élevés. C’est pourquoi la forte réduction de ces pesticides est maintenant un objectif généralement admis par la plupart des acteurs professionnels et politiques. En France, le biocontrôle est un concept de protection des cultures apparu lors de la dernière décennie et présenté comme une solution permettant de réduire l’utilisation de pesticides. La présente synthèse vise à dresser un état des lieux de ce que recouvre le terme de « biocontrôle » en France. Derrière une définition officielle, la revue des définitions du biocontrôle en France montre une instabilité terminologique significative. La diversité des acceptions du terme de « biocontrôle » est à l’origine d’interprétations variables selon les acteurs. Par ailleurs, l’analyse de l’utilisation du terme « biocontrôle » en France au cours de la dernière décennie montre l’intérêt grandissant du biocontrôle auprès du grand public, des professionnels du monde agricole et agropharmaceutique, des politiques et de la communauté scientifique. L’augmentation de l’usage de ce terme a été observée parallèlement à la diminution de l’usage du terme « lutte biologique », un concept reconnu et stable depuis plus d’un siècle. Enfin, cette diversité des définitions du biocontrôle et cette augmentation de l’utilisation du terme « biocontrôle » induisent des problématiques dans le domaine de la protection des cultures qui sont évoquées dans cette synthèse.
Absolute salinity determination by oscillation-type densimetry and refractometry
Authors: Furtado Andreia , Napoleão Andreia , Pereira Jorge , Moura Sara , Quendera Raquel , Pellegrino Olivier
Published: August 2022

The determination of salinity values from SI traceable densimetry and refractometry measurement results enable SI traceability of the former. In this work, a short study of the metrological compatibility of salinity determinations via these two methods for sodium chloride in ultrapure water solutions and two different standard seawaters (OSIL and ERM) solutions, in the [35.0; 215.0] g kg−1 interval, is presented. It evidenced the metrological compatibility of the salinity determinations in the referred interval. The largest salinity values enabled to test the matrix effect upon the determinations and concluded the preferable use of densimetry technique, when occurring.
Retraction Note: Autogenous Healing in Ultra-High-Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete: application in two reduced scale water reservoirs
Authors: Caballero-Jorna Marta , Doostkami Hesam , Roig-Flores Marta , Serna Pedro
Published: August 2022

This paper is formally retracted because it was accidentally published twice in the same volume and the correct paper has now been published in its place. Request approved by the proceedings Editor and the Publisher on July 27, 2022.
Application of MOORA & COPRAS integrated with entropy method for multi-criteria decision making in dry turning process of Nimonic C263
Authors: Krishna Munuswamy , Kumar Sathuvachari Devarajan , Ezilarasan Chakaravarthy , Sudarsan Perumalsamy Vishnu , Anandan Viswanathan , Palani Sivaprakasam , Jayaseelan Veerasundram
Published: August 2022

This article presents an integrated multi-criteria decision making using Entropy, MOORA and COPRAS methods for turning Nimonic C263. Experiments were performed under L27 Taguchi orthogonal array. Dry turning was performed and cubic boron nitride (CBN) was used to turn the alloy. The variables speed, feed and depth of cut were chosen as factors. For each experiment, the shear force component was measured during on line. The insert flank wear was measured after every experiment. The main objective of this paper is to identify the suitable trial to ensure minimum force and flank wear simultaneously. Because of the cost reduction and quality improvement, the controlling factors level should be selected appropriately. Hence, the integrated MCDM technique using MOORA, COPRAS and Entropy was chosen to determine the best experiment out of 27 experiments. Alternatives were ranked and the results were evaluated. The best experiment for minimization of force and flank wear is found to be 125 m/min, 0.055 mm/rev and 0.25 mm. The experimental test were observed with lesser deviation and confirmed that proposal found is more suitable to obtain minimum force and flank wear.
Recent Metal-Catalyzed Methods for Thioether Synthesis
Authors: Fleischer Ivana , Geiger Valentin J. , Oechsner Regina M. , Gehrtz Paul H.
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes the more recent methods (since 2015) for the synthesis of thioethers using homogeneous metals as catalysts. The thioether moiety can be found in numerous compounds for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or material applications and it is therefore important to develop new, efficient methods for their synthesis. The recent efforts in this field focus on the use of non-precious metal catalysts, as well as on the development of new bond-forming processes.

1 Introduction

2 Cross-Couplings

3 C–H Activation

4 Hydrothiolation

5 Carbothiolation

6 Miscellaneous

7 Conclusion
Most Frequent Compressive Limb Neuropathies: A Literature Review
Authors: Silva Donizete Tavares da , Cronemberger Pedro Jorge Luz Alves , Moura Matheus Henrique de Sousa , Garcez Barhbara Brenda Dias , Pereira Márcio da Silva , Brito José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Peripheral nerve injuries vary in length and severity, and they can occur secondary to trauma, compression and ischemia, leading to both motor and sensory neurological deficits. Nerve compression can occur in both the upper and lower limbs. These injuries can affect the quality of life, including the total or partial loss of the individual's productive capacity. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical criteria, but they may also include imaging and electroneurophysiological studies. A clinical examination using the Tinel and Phalen tests, for example, may suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. Complementary exams are used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possibilities, and the most used are electroneuromyography (ENMG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US). Depending on the type of injury, recovery may be spontaneous or may require conservative or surgical treatment.
Stress among Parents of Children with Hearing Loss and How They Deal with It: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gunjawate Dhanshree R. , Ravi Rohit , Driscoll Carlie
Published: August 2022

Introduction Parenting a child with hearing loss may be accompanied by high stress levels and several challenges.

Objectives The present systematic review was performed to compile the existing literature pertaining to parental stress in parents of children with hearing loss and coping strategies.

Data synthesis The databases searched include PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing, and Allied Health Literature. The systematic review was designed and performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines. The screening for studies was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality appraisal was done using the Mixed methods appraisal tool. Twenty-eight studies were identified and included in the present review, which discussed the stress factors and coping mechanism associated with having child with hearing loss reported by parents. The factors leading to stress were thematically classified into parent/family-related factors, child-related factors, and professionals/service-related factors. The coping strategies were thematically classified into improved support systems and better professional resources.

Conclusion The present systematic review was an attempt at exploring the various stress causing factors among parents of children with hearing loss. The various coping strategies would help in better planning services for these parents and helping to lessen the stress.
Early Results of Type I Tympanoplasty in Underprivileged Nepalese Children and Factors Influencing the Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Maharjan Milan , Shrestha Mana , Bajracharya Rosy
Published: August 2022

Introduction Type I Tympanoplasty is a common ear surgery performed in Nepalese children, but no studies have been published about the success rate of the procedure and the factors affecting surgical outcomes.

Objectives To find out the surgical outcome of type I tympanoplasty and to evaluate the factors affecting the success of the surgery in Nepalese children.

Methods This is a retrospective study conducted by analyzing the medical records of a five-year period. Children aged 8–16 years who underwent type I tympanoplasty were included in the study. Surgical pro-forma and records of pre and post-operative pure tone audiometry were documented. Outcome of the surgery was considered a success in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement six months after surgery.

Results Out of 629 children who underwent type I tympanoplasty, anatomical success was observed in 93.32% (n = 587) and functional success in 76% (n = 478). Factors such as age, site and size of the perforation, status of the middle ear and contralateral ear, surgical approach, and the graft used were not the predictors of the surgical outcome.

Conclusions The surgical outcome of type I tympanoplasty in Nepalese children was good. Although surgical outcome was better with older children, post-aural approach, temporalis fascia, inferiorly positioned perforations, and in children with dry middle ear mucosa, none of the parameters considered in this study were found to be a significant predictive factor of the surgical outcome.
A Comparative Study between Peptic Ulcer Perforation Score, Mannheim Peritonitis Index, ASA Score, and Jabalpur Score in Predicting the Mortality in Perforated Peptic Ulcers
Authors: Koranne Aboli , Byakodi K G. , Teggimani Vasant , Kamat Vijay V. , Hiregoudar Abhijith
Published: August 2022

Introduction Peptic ulcer disease continues to be a major public health in most developing countries despite the advances in medical management. The incidence of perforations remains high and has the highest mortality rate of any complication of ulcer disease. Risk stratification of cases will lead to better preoperative management and efficient utilization of intensive care unit resources. The purpose of the present study is to compare different existing scoring systems and identify the most accurate predictor of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) cases.

Materials and Methods This is an observational study conducted in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, India. All cases of PPU disease admitted from December 2017 to August 2019 who were treated surgically were included in the study. Demographic data were collected and peptic ulcer perforation (PULP) score, Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Jabalpur score (JS) were calculated for individual patient and compared. The patient was followed up during the postoperative period.

Observation A total of 45 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 42.5 years. Most of the patients presented with 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was noted in 8.9% patients, and steroid use was present in 2.2% patients. Of the 45 patients, 7 deaths were reported. Between the various scoring systems, the MPI and JS were better predictors of mortality with a p-value of <0.001 and 0.007, respectively. In contrast, the PULP and ASA scores had p-value not statistically significant. However, the PULP score was a better predictor of postoperative complication with a p-value of 0.047.

Conclusion Of the four scoring systems validated, the MPI and JS were better predictors of mortality in the given population. PULP score is a better predictor of postoperative complications in the present study.
Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Life in the Pretreatment of Head and Neck Cancer Patients According to Tumor Site
Authors: Cruz Marla S. P. , Reis Tercio G. , Nunes Jackeline Sena , Oliveira Antoniel C. , Teixeira Ágda Braga , Costa Karina Silva , Oliveira Márcio C.
Published: August 2022

Introduction Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment can cause physical, psychological, and quality of life (QoL) damage, because it can disturb the physiology of eating, breathing, speaking, and compromise self-image.

Objective To evaluate the QoL of the pretreatment of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer according to the anatomical location of the tumor.

Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 144 patients undergoing pretreatment for cancer from February 2017 to July 2019. The University of Washington QoL Questionnaire (version 4) was used to assess the QoL. The anatomical location data were obtained from medical records. The ANOVA test was used to compare the differences in QoL according to tumor location.

Results A total of 144 participants were included, 66 (45.5%) of whom had the primary tumor located in the mouth. The median age of the patients was 62 years, with a higher prevalence of male (75.7%), Black (78.5%), single/divorced/widowed people (59%), and illiterates (32.6%); most of them were smokers (84.7%) and alcohol drinkers (79.2%). The mean QoL score was 830 for mouth cancer, 858 for pharynx cancer, and 891 for laryngeal cancer patients.

Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the QoL of patients with head and neck cancer was not influenced by tumor location. The most affected domains in the three groups were pain, appearance, chewing, swallowing, and speech (p < 0.05).
Preferências e práticas de ortopedistas brasileiros por técnicas de tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia total do joelho: Levantamento entre membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Joelho (SBCJ)
Authors: Maradei-Pereira João Alberto Ramos , Barbosa Mateus Costa , Newbery Derek Frederick Silva , Torres Marcelo Rodrigues , Kuhn André , Demange Marco Kawamura
Published: August 2022

Objetivo Descrever as preferências e práticas atuais de uma amostra de cirurgiões de joelho do Brasil quanto à forma de tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ).

Método Na presente pesquisa realizada pela internet, cirurgiões associados à Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Joelho (SBCJ) foram convidados a responder voluntariamente a um questionário anônimo incluindo o tempo de experiência cirúrgica pessoal, percepções sobre as melhores opções de tromboprofilaxia e as reais práticas no ambiente onde trabalham.

Resultados Entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, 243 participantes responderam ao questionário completo. Exceto por 3 (1,2%) participantes, todos declararam praticar tromboprofilaxia, a maioria (76%) combinando as formas farmacológica e mecânica. A droga mais prescrita é a enoxaparina (87%), com modificação para rivaroxabana (65%) após a alta. O momento de início da tromboprofilaxia variou conforme o tempo de formação do cirurgião de joelho (p ≤ 0,03) e as preferências e práticas variaram conforme a região do país (p < 0,05) e o sistema de saúde no qual trabalham os cirurgiões (público ou privado; p = 0,024). A opção por tromboprofilaxia mecânica também dependeu do tempo de formação do cirurgião.

Conclusão As preferências e práticas de tromboprofilaxia na ATJ são diversas nas regiões do Brasil e sistemas de saúde (público ou privado). Dada a inexistência de uma diretriz clínica nacional, a maior parte dos ortopedistas segue ou a diretriz de seu próprio hospital ou nenhuma. O método de profilaxia mecânica e a pouca utilização do ácido acetilsalicílico são os pontos que mais destoam das diretrizes e práticas internacionais.
Avaliação dos resultados clínicos do tratamento artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador pela técnica de suture bridge modificada
Authors: Fonseca Filho João Manoel , Sella Guilherme do Val , Souza Luis Henrique Lima de , Miyadahira Renato , Rosa João Roberto Polydoro , Miyazaki Alberto Naoki
Published: August 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos pós-operatórios do reparo artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador com uma configuração de sutura desenvolvida por nós a partir de modificação do Suture Bridge (Arthrex, Naples, FL, Estados Unidos).

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 28 pacientes do gênero masculino (41,2%) e 40 do gênero feminino (58,8%), com média de idade de 60 anos. Todos foram submetidos a reparo do manguito rotador com a técnica Suture Bridge modificada e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 18 meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente através da Escala de Ombro da University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Resultados A amplitude de movimento média no pós-operatório foi elevação de 134 ° (variação: 110° a 140°), rotação lateral de 58° (variação: 40° a 70°), e rotação medial de T10 (variação: L4 a T7). O aumento médio de elevação foi de 15°, o de rotação lateral, de 14°, e o de rotação medial, de 2 níveis vertebrais. Os resultados foram considerados excelentes em 61 casos (83,6%) e bons, em 8 (10,9%). Em 4 casos (5,5%), o resultado foi regular.

Conclusão Os resultados clínicos pós-operatórios do reparo artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador, pela técnica Suture Bridge modificada, foram excelentes e bons na maioria dos casos (69; 94,5%).
Thermocoagulation for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Sarkis Cristiano Mendonça , Amaral Jordana Gonçalves de Miranda , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: August 2022

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are two psychiatric disorders that often overlap or are diagnosed as distinct disorders in the same individual. Although neurosurgical treatment is currently reserved for patients with refractory chronic OCD, it has been evidenced that it is also effective for the treatment of AN, since these two disorders share some pathophysiological neurocircuits. The present study aimed to report the case of a patient with AN, OCD, schizophrenia, and comorbid depression who underwent thermocoagulation of the nucleus accumbens associated with anterior cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy, all of them bilaterally. Follow-up, performed 16 months after the procedure, showed substantial improvement in AN, OCD, and schizophrenia symptoms, demonstrating the effectiveness of this type of intervention in patients refractory to conservative treatment.
Effect of Intramuscular Injection of Vitamin D on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, Glycaemic Control, and Liver Enzymes in Libyan Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alemam Hafsa M. , ElJilani Mouna M. , Bashein Abdulla M.
Published: August 2022

Background Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone that plays an important role in glycaemic control. In addition, it has a positive effect on improving liver enzyme function.

Aim This study was performed to examine the effect of intramuscular injection of vitamin D on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, glycemic control, and liver enzymes in Libyan patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with vitamin D deficiency.

Methods and Materials This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 T2DM (50 males and 50 females). Their serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and liver enzymes were measured at the baseline and 12 weeks after treatment with vitamin D (200,000 IU) injection monthly for 3 months. Data analysis involved the estimation of mean ± standard error (SE) and comparison of means between pre and post-treatment values using paired t-test. Independent t-test was used to compare the means between males and females. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results Females had a lower 25(OH)D blood levels than males at baseline (7.03 ± 0.25 ng/mL versus 7.86 ± 0.26 ng/mL, respectively p < 0.02). 25(OH)D levels in both sexes was increased significantly from 7.45 ± 0.18 ng/mL to 26.69 ± 0.24 ng/mL after 12 weeks of vitamin D injections (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between male and females. FBG levels in both sexes was significantly decreased from 144.68 ± 1.84 mg/dL to 85.96 ± 0.34 mg/dL post treatment (p < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased from 10.24 ± 0.17 U/L at baseline to 20.34 ± 1.15 U/L post treatment (p < 0.001). Similarly, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was increased from 11.23 ± 0.21 to 20.57 ± 0.22 U/L (p < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was decreased from 124.95 ± 1.15 U/L to 111.17 ± 1.27 U/L (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between male and female liver enzymes either pre- or post-vitamin D injections

Conclusion Treatment with vitamin D injection showed a significant increase in 25(OH)D accompanied by decreased FBG and ALP levels and increased ALT and AST levels. Vitamin D levels should be monitored and adjusted in diabetic patients.
Evaluation of Bone Metabolism in Children Using Antiseizure Drugs: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tekin Emine , Gül Ülkü Şiraz , Aydın Sultan Köker , Köksoy Adem Yasin
Published: August 2022

The effect of anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) on bone mineral density (BMD) is a controversial topic. This study investigated the effect of monotherapy and polytherapy drugs separately. Patients with a history of epilepsy treated with the same ASDs for more than 6 months were included in the study. Data regarding patient demographics, biochemical markers related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D), and BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected and compared. In total, 104 children with epilepsy using valproic acid (VPA), levetiracetam (LEV), carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or in combination and 22 healthy controls were evaluated. The ages of the children (64 boys, 62 girls) ranged between 2 and 17, with a mean of 9.50 ± 4.03 years. BMD or Z-scores did not differ among the monotherapy groups or between them and the polytherapy group. The lowest mean Z-score was in the VPA group but without statistical significance. Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the group using CBZ. Calcium levels significantly differed between the groups (p = 0.001). The CBZ and LEV groups had the lowest calcium levels. However, phosphorus and vitamin D measurements did not significantly differ by ASDs used. Unfortunately, low vitamin D levels were evident in all children with epilepsy and even among controls. Physical activity, sun exposure, and calcium intake might be recommended in children treated with ACDs and in combination with additional risk factors monitoring via DXA should be considered. Further studies in a large population are necessary to judge which ASDs are more at risk to reduce bone mineralization than others.
Preoperative Surgical Site Hair Removal for Elective Abdominal Surgery: Does It Have Impact on Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Dhamnaskar Suchin , Mandal Sumit , Koranne Mandar , Patil Pratik
Published: August 2022

Introduction Postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) forms the major burden of nosocomial infections in surgical patients. There is prevalent practice of surgical site hair shaving as a part of preoperative preparation. There is uncertainty regarding the benefit versus harm of shaving for SSIs. Hairs at surgical sites are removed prior to surgery most often by shaving. We performed this study to look for what impact preoperative hair removal by shaving has on postoperative SSI.

Methods We performed prospective comparative cohort study in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries. We included clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in immunocompetent patients of which half were shaved and other half not shaved prior to surgery. Other confounding factors like skin cleaning, aseptic technique of surgery, antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment, and postoperative wound care were as per care. Patients were assessed for presence and grade of SSI postoperatively on day 7, 14, and 30. Results were analyzed statistically using chi-square and Fischer's exact tests for significance in entire sample as well as in demographic subgroups.

Results Overall SSI rate was 11.42%. There was no statistically significant difference in SSI rates between patients who underwent preoperative surgical site hair removal by shaving (232) and who did not have shaving (232) on all the three different assessment timelines in postoperative period, namely, day 7, 14, and 30. Although the absolute number of patients who had SSI was more in those who underwent preoperative surgical site hair removal by shaving, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). But on subgroup analysis patients with clean-contaminated surgeries (p = 0.037) and patients with surgeries lasting for less than 2 hours (Fischer's exact = 0.034) had significantly higher SSI in the shaved group compared with unshaved on day 14.

Conclusion As per our results, preoperative shaving did not significantly increase overall SSI except in subgroup of clean-contaminated surgeries and in surgeries of less than 2 hours' duration. So especially in these patients avoiding preoperative surgical site hair shaving may be used as one of the infection control measures.
Post-COVID-19-Invasive Pulmonary Mycosis
Authors: Swain Satish , Sharma Kunal , Ray Animesh , Vyas Surabhi , Singh Gagandeep , Joshi Mohit , Jain Deepali , Xess Immaculata , Sinha Sanjeev , Wig Naveet
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has been associated with myriad manifestations as well as adverse outcomes. One of the less commonly reported consequences of COVID-19 is the occurrence of secondary infections in patients suffering acutely from COVID-19 or in those recuperating. Secondary invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have also been observed earlier in other viral infections such as influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus infections. Severe lung damage and immunologic derangement resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection predispose to superinfections. Risk factors for secondary IFI includes immunologic derangement and immunoparalysis resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, neutropenia, or lymphopenia, poorly controlled diabetes, structural lung disease fungal colonization, and drugs such as corticosteroids or immunomodulators given as therapies for COVID-19. Invasive aspergillosis following COVID-19 is most commonly described fungal infection but other non-Aspergillus fungal infections (including mucormycosis) has also been reported. Herein we describe two interesting cases of secondary infections developing in patients beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 who had similar presentations but with different diagnoses and requiring different management strategies. Patient in case 1 developed COVID-19-associated subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (SAIA) and patient in case 2 had COVID-19 associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM). We have also described the various postulated immune-pathogenesis of the super-added fungal infections in COVID-19 patients.