bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HHATL is differentially expressed in primary tumors and brain metastases in humans with breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We report here the differential expression of the hedgehog acyltransferase-like, encoded by HHATL, in the primary tumors and brain metastases of humans with breast cancer. HHATL mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. These data combined suggest that down-regulation of HHATL is a conserved event, both during transformation of breast tissues and progression to central nervous system metastasis and further point to potential importance of modulation of HHATL during progression of human breast cancer.
Memory and Credibility Perceptions of Alcohol and Other Drug Intoxicated Witnesses and Victims of Crime
Authors: Monds Lauren Ann , Cullen Hayley Joanne , Kloft Lilian , van Golde Celine , Harrison Anthony , Flowe Heather D
Published: December 2020

Research into juror perceptions regarding the impact of intoxication on eyewitness memory and credibility is scarce for substances other than alcohol. However, jurors are frequently told to draw on their personal beliefs and experience with intoxicating substances to infer their impact on the case. It is therefore important to investigate laypeople’s perceptions regarding witness and victim intoxication across a range of substances, and whether these perceptions are associated with substance familiarity. Participants (n = 470) completed a survey assessing familiarity and use of different substances, as well as perceptions regarding effects on the memory and credibility of intoxicated victims and witnesses. While participants most frequently reported believing that alcohol, hallucinogens, and polysubstance use of alcohol and cannabis have large negative effects on memory, they more frequently reported that they do not know the extent to which cannabis and cocaine affect memory. In addition, attitudes were found to vary based on substance familiarity. Differences with respect to the perceived impact on memory and credibility of various substances have relevance to court proceedings, particularly in terms of voir dire procedures and whether an expert witness may be required to educate the court on the impacts of different forms of intoxication.
Impact of cloud computing in small scale enterprises
Authors: Ravi Abinash
Published: December 2020

This research paper is about impact of cloud computing in small scale enterprises
Optimizing COVID-19 Health Campaigns: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Smith Rachel , Myrick Jessica Gall , Lennon Robert P. , Martin Molly A. , Small Meg L. , Van Scoy Lauren J. , Group DataAction Research
Published: December 2020

As the United States continues to be ravaged by COVID-19, it becomes increasingly important to implement effective public health campaigns to improve personal behaviors that help control the spread of the virus. To design effective campaigns, research is needed to understand the current mitigation intentions of the general public, diversity in those intentions, and theoretical predictors of them. COVID-19 campaigns will be particularly challenging because mitigation involves myriad, diverse behaviors. This study takes a person-centered approach to investigate data from a survey (N = 976) of Pennsylvania adults. Latent class analysis revealed five classes of mitigation: one marked by complete adherence with health recommendations (34% of the sample), one by complete refusal (9% of the sample), and three by a mixture of adherence and refusal. Statistically significant covariates of class membership included relatively negative injunctive norms, risk due to essential workers in the household, personal knowledge of someone who became infected with COVID-19, and belief that COVID-19 was a leaked biological weapon. Additionally, trait reactance was associated with non-adherence while health mavenism was associated with adherence. These findings may be used to good effect by local healthcare providers and institutions, and also inform broader policy-making decisions regarding public health campaigns to mitigate COVID-19.
Enemies of Democracy?: An exploration of the relationship between the authoritarian predisposition and attitudes toward democracy
Authors: Dunn Kris
Published: December 2020

Historically, authoritarianism has been synonymous with a fascistic or anti-democratic personality or outlook. The idea that the more authoritarian are hostile to democratic governance has continued from the first incarnation of the concept through to the more recent conceptualization of authoritarianism as a values orientation concerned with the trade-off between social conformity and individual autonomy. The research reported here explores how authoritarianism, as a values orientation, relates to attitudes toward democracy. Given the ‘dynamic’ relationship theorized between authoritarianism and social and political attitudes, this research also looks into whether and how perceived threat and societal views of democracy moderate the relationship between authoritarianism and attitudes toward democracy. Findings from analyses of data from Wave 6 or the World Values Survey indicate that 1.) authoritarianism is positively related to more favorable views of democracy; 2.) greater perceived threat is related to a more favorable view of democracy among the more authoritarian, while the more libertarian exhibit little variation across perceived threat; and 3.) aggregate support for democracy does not significantly change the relationship between authoritarianism and attitudes toward democracy. The importance of these findings on the literature and the current political events are discussed.
Allelopathic effects of invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination of paddy and wheat
Authors: Shrestha Binita , Thapa Chandra Bahadur
Published: December 2020

The invasive species are the major cause of crop loss, across the globe, mainly due to their allelopathic effects on the growth of crop plants. In this study, we explored the allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on germination of two major cereal crops of Nepal, Rice (Oryza sativa) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiment was conducted at laboratory of Department of Botany, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal during 2017. In laboratory, seeds of rice and wheat were treated with aqueous extracts of P. hysterophorus plant parts viz. root, stem, leaf, inflorescence and whole plant with concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicates of each test. The result suggests that the effect was more on wheat than on rice. The maximum inhibition in seed germination of rice was recorded by the inflorescence extract however, in wheat seed germination was inhibited by leaf extract. In both rice and wheat, roots were highly affected than shoots because root first encounters the toxic allelochemicals and absorbs it. The highest concentration (20%) of leaf, inflorescence and whole plant extract was found to be most pernicious whereas root and stem were recorded to have little effects.
The Importance and Power of Indigenous Representation in Literature
Authors: Tafoya Alexandria
Published: December 2020

This essay presents an Indigenous student’s perspective on contemporary teaching of eighteenth-century literature and Anglophone literature more generally. Noting the minimal representation of Indigenous writers in my own education, I argue for the importance and urgency of Indigenous representation in literature and academic environments. I encourage both Indigenous and non-Indigenous people to make the effort to lift up Indigenous perspectives. I explain that in order for a clear, proper perspective to be seen in education, non-Indigenous people need to listen to and project Indigenous voices. Indigenous people, in turn, need to continue encouraging and supporting one another to achieve scholarship and raise their voices. I note that efforts to include more Indigenous perspectives in predominantly colonial narratives can benefit students. Indigenous students can study and observe patterns in Indigenous literature, and non-Indigenous students can understand and appreciate the diversity in literature. Healing can spread from encouraging more Indigenous representation, and learning about and reading from past great Indigenous writers can in turn ignite a passion for future Indigenous writers.
Indigenous Perspectives in Eighteenth-Century Literature
Authors: Morgan Dawn
Published: December 2020

Attracting Indigenous scholars to the study of eighteenth-century literature is needed to open the discipline and the university itself to a future more reflective of scholarly findings and subject matter repositioned by Indigenous perspectives, historical and literary. An increase in Indigenous scholars is considered among other measures suggested by fellow CSECS and Early Americanist scholars, and by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015). The discipline can become more welcoming by valorizing collaborative scholarship with teachers of resurgent Indigenous languages, and by broadening normative objects of study to include those linked to existing Indigenous communities and geographic sites. An attempt to geographically locate and dialogically read Indigenous perspectives in Daniel Defoe’s Captain Singleton (1720) concludes with a textually-generated Indigenous perspective on Defoe’s two central pirates, who see themselves not as heroes but as historically stranded, ungrounded and offshore with their ill-gotten wealth and no place else to go.
Witnessing the Reversal of Indigenous Erasure: My Undergraduate Experience
Authors: Powell Mason Whitehorn
Published: December 2020

This essay addresses how eighteenth-century studies can be more inclusive of Indigenous scholarship and knowledge, and the possibility of decolonizing the field. It follows an autobiographical narrative of undergraduate courses and a research project concerning the oral traditions and history of the Osage Nation. My experience shows that individual professors’ mentoring and their inclusion of Native American literature, authors, and topics in course offerings are crucial to advancing the decolonization and reversal of Indigenous erasure in university settings. In the field of Indigenous studies and literature, the previous work of ethnologist Francis La Flesche, anthropologist Garrick Bailey, and historian Louis F. Burns on the Osages provides a foundation for future scholarship on this tribe. My conclusion is that the willingness of professors to offer courses on Indigenous literature, or considerations of how Native American issues relate to and influence their field of study, are key to developing BIPOC inclusion in literary academia.
Sagoyewatha and Metonymic Being
Authors: Debicki Kaitlin
Published: December 2020

Framed by the Haudenosaunee legal traditions of the Great Law of Peace and the Two Row-Covenant Chain Wampum, this article performs a close reading of Sagoyewatha’s (Redjacket’s) early diplomatic speeches at the Council of Tioga Point (1790) to Timothy Pickering over the murder of two Seneca citizens. I argue that American misinterpretation of the Two Row-Covenant Chain and Great Law of Peace as metaphors led them to miss opportunities for condolence, conciliation, and peaceful coexistence with their Haudenosaunee brethren. Sagoyewatha’s oratory, deeply grounded in Haudenosaunee cultural empiricism and discourses of good mindedness, respect, and strength in unity, offers an example of metonymic diplomacy and being that remains pertinent to present-day conflicts over Haudenosaunee—and more broadly, Indigenous—treaty rights, land title, self-determination, and sovereignty. I query whether the development of metonymic literacy in eighteenth-century poetics might have provided—and might still provide—settlers with a deeper understanding of their Two Row-Covenant Chain responsibilities based on a relationship of separateness, autonomy, difference, and solidarity.
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Epididymis: A Case Report of a Rare Paratesticular Neoplasm and Literature Review
Authors: Maatougui Jasser , Maatougui Jasser , Raboudi Mehdi , Taktak Tarek , Msakni Issam , Khiari Ramzi , Ghozzi Samir
Published: December 2020

Background: Malignant mesothelioma of the epididymis is an extremely rare neoplasm with a poor
prognosis and high potential of recurrence.
Case Presentation: We report a case of a 28-year-old male with a left painless epididymal nodule. Scrotal
ultrasound revealed a nodular mass with mixed echogenicity and Doppler showed increased vascularity.
Radical orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination concluded to a malignant
mesothelioma involving the epididymis. Metastatic workup was negative. The patient has undergone a
regular follow-up and has been disease-free within 6 months.
Conclusion: Malignant mesothelium of the epididymis is a diagnosis challenge. Surgery remains the main
treatment. A multidisciplinary management should be offered in those cases.
Approach to placing reclousers in distribution networks
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kozyrsky V. , Gai A. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Petrov P. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Today, the electricity supplier is not able to declare the possible level of reliability of electricity supply, and the consumer simply does not have the opportunity to buy such “reliable” electricity. In such conditions, a differentiated approach to tariff formation is inevitable, which has been implemented in practice today, albeit in its infancy. Further improvement of the tariff-forming mechanism is impossible without creating a "flexible" dependence of the tariff on the indicators of the consumer's power supply reliability. Reliability indicators, in turn, are based, on the one hand, on the methods and approaches for their determination, and on the other, on statistically reliable data on the reliability of the elements that make up the equipment in the "generation-consumer" chain. Localization by automatic sectioning points at the design stage in the context of RAB tariff setting (incentive tariff setting) ensures the target nature of reducing SAIDI (index of average duration of outages in the system) and, as a result, assessing the possibility of achieving the target ENS (estimated volume of non-supplied electrical energy) significantly reduces the cost of network design and reconfiguration. In this regard, it is necessary to revise the state and topology of problem networks, including the operated partitioning hardware; to define support services in the energy company; be trained in software (for example, TELARM) as a design tool; to create the standards of the company (group of companies), taking into account the experience of colleagues from Moldova, the Security Council, the Baltic States, far abroad. As part of a scientific search, an approach was proposed, which is the basis for calculations to determine the optimal installation locations for automatic sectioning points for an average air line, as well as a parallel-serial air line with "targeted" automatic reserve input, corresponding to the optimal SAIDI value. The results obtained are presented in the framework of a joint technical meeting of leading specialists of operating enterprises, the customer and the staff of the Department of Power Supply named after A. V.M. Sinkova NULES of Ukraine.
Influence of voltage difference on energy characteristics of ventilation plants
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Savchenko V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pylypchuk O. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Melnyk M. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Deviation of voltage from the nominal value leads to losses that have an electromagnetic and technological component. Due to the voltage deviation, the angular velocity of the motor changes, which causes a change in the technological characteristics of the fan. However, no studies have been conducted on the effect of voltage deviation on the energy performance of ventilation systems. The purpose of the study is to establish the effect of voltage deviation on energy characteristics of ventilation systems. When the voltage deviates, the constant and variable losses in the asynchronous motor are change. It is proposed to conduct an energy assessment of the ventilation unit for the specific power consumption. Theoretical and experimental researches of influence of voltage deviation on power characteristics of ventilating installations are carried out. The dependences of productivity, power of the ventilation installation and specific consumption of electricity on voltage are obtained. It is established that when the voltage is reduced by 20 %, the productivity of the ventilation system is reduced to 3 %, power - up to 8 %, and the specific power consumption increases by 15%.
Identification of the mathematical model of the laboratory unit of the quadrocopter link
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Romasevych Yu. , Loveikin V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Shevchuk O. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The paper describes a laboratory setup of a quadrocopter link, which is a nonlinear plant. Experimental studies on the control of the movement of the installation were carried out and an array of experimental data was obtained. In order to perform the identification of the mathematical model of the installation, the array was processed. The procedure is consisted of separate stages. At the beginning of the calculations, measurement errors were eliminated. Subsequently, an array of discrete values of the angular velocity of the rod (quadrocopter link) movement is determined. After that, the resulting array was filtered and data was generated in a format suitable for training an artificial neural network. Such data included the pairs: „current value of the voltage drive, current value of the angle, current value of the angular velocity” - „subsequent value of the angle, subsequent value of the angular velocity”. The neural network (predictor) was a single-layer feedforward network with three inputs and two outputs. Artificial neural network has been trained according to the paradigm of supervised training. As a result, a predictor has been obtained that allows predicting the behavior of the plant under a certain control (drive supply voltage). The quality of the predictor's work was estimated based on the analysis of graphical dependencies and in terms of the standard deviations of the experimental (in the case of angular velocity – calculated) and predicted values. It gives grounds to state that the obtained predictor (mathematical model of the plant) may be used in order to synthesize control systems.
Development of an intelligent control system for a dairy plant to ensure energy efficient use of technological equipment
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Zaiets N. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Shtepa V. ,   POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY, Gritsenko N. ,   NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGIES
Published: December 2020

Now there is a need to improve the automated control system by creating an intelligent system that will comprehensively assess the technical and economic performance of the technological complex of multi-range production and form a plan for energy efficient management of technological equipment. To achieve this goal, it is advisable to use decision support systems based on the use of algorithms, procedures, methods of cognitive approach based on neural networks The purpose of the study is to develop information support for an intelligent dairy management system to ensure energy efficient use of technological equipment. The article presents the development of an intelligent control system for high-quality assortment production using an intelligent system for energy-efficient control of technological equipment, which quickly and efficiently in real time makes an optimal decision on the management of a dairy production complex and contributes to improving the efficiency of its functioning. The structure of the database of the intelligent system has been formed and the stages of creating an intelligent control system for the energy efficient use of technological equipment, which takes into account the peculiarities of the functioning of individual units of the technological complex, have been determined. The calculation of energy savings in the manufacture of certain types of products for a week was carried out to compare the energy efficiency of the enterprise according to the scenario set by the intelligent system and in normal mode.
Design of meteorological information database for forecasting and clustering in microgrid system
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Osypenko V. , Kiktev N. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Lendiel T. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

To build Microgrid systems, it is necessary to obtain data from the meteorological service, process them and make decisions about which source of electricity is advisable to use at a given time of day, season, under current weather conditions. The aim of the study is to develop and create a distributed information system database for cluster analysis, processing and storage of incoming meteorological data, a weather forecasting algorithm based on the values of the selected indicators to further determine the type of alternative energy sources used based on the forecast. The article describes designed and implemented distributed information system for reading from the Internet, storing and further processing meteorological data for any region with the aim of forecasting for the effective use of renewable energy sources in Microgrid system. The project is implemented on the basis of a relational database Microsoft SQL Server. Each of the tables has fields that describe the weather conditions necessary to solve the task – to determine the source of electricity, the use of which is cost-effective in a given period of the year, time of day, geographical location and weather conditions. The application that operates with a database has been developed in C # according to the Windows Forms Application template. The distribution of temperature indicators is realized depending on the time of the conducted research for a certain period using cluster analysis. Forecasting weather data is performed using an autoregressive time series model. The user interface was created with Microsoft Visual Studio tools. All data processing is performed on the local server side.
Improvement of protection of distribution of sectioned lines with distributed generation sources (DGS)
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Omelchuk A. , Voloshchyn S. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Martyniuk L. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kaidenko Yu. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

When powered from a backup source, the short-circuit currents in the protected area are much lower than the current cutoff insert installed at the sectioning point, therefore, in this case, the current cutoff is ineffective. In cases where the maximum current directional protection (MCDP) does not provide the required sensitivity, it is advisable to use distance protection with dependent exposure on sectioned lines and lines from distributed generation sources (DGS) in a significant decrease in voltage on the DGS buses during external short circuits through a relatively large reactance of small and medium power. Different modes of operation of sectioned lines from DGS are characterized by a change in the direction of flow of the load current and short-circuit current. Therefore, on such lines, maximum current directional protections can be applied, which provide selective action of adjacent sets of line protection in different modes of their operation. The use of definite time protection leads to the accumulation of a long time delay for the protection installed on the main switch (especially when several sectioning switches are installed on the line), which complicates the coordination of the protection of the main sections of the lines from the protection of the supply substations. The article deals with the problems of improving relay protection for distribution networks with distributed generation sources (DGS). Paying attention to the peculiarities of protection operation under different operating modes of such networks, namely: normal and post-emergency. The protection of lines from DGS must meet the general requirements for ensuring the necessary sensitivity, selectivity of action for different types of damage. Difficulties in ensuring the required sensitivity when using overcurrent protection and current cutoff in such networks are caused by the low level of short-circuit currents from backup sources. The features of the implementation of relay protection in sectioned networks when they are powered from the DGS are given. The expediency of using remote triggering devices for distance protection to increase the sensitivity of protection of sectioned lines from DGS has been substantiated.
Shunt failure clusters: an analysis of multiple, frequent shunt failures
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Waldrop Raymond P. , Shamblin Isaac , Arynchyna Anastasia A. , Hopson Betsy , Kerr Tammie , Johnston James M. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Blount Jeffrey P.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Repeated failure of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) is a problem familiar to pediatric neurosurgeons and patients. While there have been many studies to determine what factors are associated with the first shunt failure, studies of subsequent failures are much less common. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of clustered shunt failures (defined as 3 or more VPS operations within 3 months).

METHODS

The authors reviewed prospectively collected records from all patients who underwent VPS surgery from 2008 to 2017 at their institution and included only those children who had received all of their hydrocephalus care at that institution. Demographics, etiology of hydrocephalus, history of endoscopic third ventriculostomy or temporizing procedure, initial valve type, age at shunt placement, and other factors were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to test for the association of each variable with a history of shunt failure cluster.

RESULTS

Of the 465 included children, 28 (6.0%) had experienced at least one cluster of shunt failures. Among time-independent variables, etiology of hydrocephalus (OR 0.27 for non–intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH], nonmyelomeningocele, nonaqueductal stenosis etiology vs IVH, 95% CI 0.11–0.65; p = 0.003), younger gestational age at birth (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97; p = 0.003), history of a temporizing procedure (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.12–6.85; p = 0.028), and smaller head circumference at time of initial shunt placement (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99; p = 0.044) showed significant association with shunt failure cluster on univariate analysis. None of these variables maintained significance in a multivariate model. Among children with a history of a shunt failure cluster, 21 (75%) had a shunt infection either prior to or during the shunt failure cluster. A comparison of the infecting organism between these children and 62 children with a history of infection but without a shunt failure cluster showed an association of cluster with gram-negative rod species.

CONCLUSIONS

Six percent of children in this institutional sample had at least one shunt failure cluster. These children accounted for 30% of the total shunt revisions in the sample. Shunt infection is an important factor associated with shunt failure cluster. Children with a history of prematurity and IVH may have a higher risk for failure cluster.
Matas test revisited: carotid compression for embolization of high-flow pediatric pial arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Demartini Zeferino , Koppe Gelson Luis , Corrêa de Almeida Teixeira Bernardo , Keijiro Adriano , Francisco Alexandre Novicki , Maranha Gatto Luana Antunes
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular malformation and may cause hemorrhage and neurological deficit. The presence of high-flow shunts constitutes a challenge when performing the endovascular technique, due to risk of distal embolization. The authors report a simple maneuver, adapted from the Matas test, that was successfully applied to treat a child with two pial AVFs.

METHODS

An 8-year-old boy presented with headache and vomiting due to two single-channel high-flow intracerebral pial AVFs. He was treated with an endovascular approach using brief, gentle compression of the ipsilateral cervical carotid artery. The temporary flow arrest ensured proper placement of the first coil, allowing definitive obliteration of the shunt.

RESULTS

There were no complications with the procedure, and the patient recovered uneventfully. Throughout the 9-month follow-up, the patient experienced a stable neurological condition, with both fistulas occluded and improvement of local circulation.

CONCLUSIONS

This easy-to-perform maneuver allows precise positioning of embolic material into high-flow shunts to facilitate treatment of pial AVF.
Folate fortification and supplementation in prevention of folate-sensitive neural tube defects: a systematic review of policy
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A. , LoPresti Melissa A. , Du Rebecca Y. , Lam Sandi
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital neurological defects, resulting in mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life for patients and caregivers. While public health interventions that increase folate consumption among women who are or plan to become pregnant are shown to reduce folate-sensitive NTDs, public health policy reflecting the scientific evidence lags behind. The authors aimed to identify the types of policies applied, associated outcomes, and impact of folate fortification and supplementation on NTDs worldwide. By identifying effective legislation, the authors aim to focus advocacy efforts to more broadly effect change, reducing the burden of NTDs in neurosurgery.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted exploring folate fortification and supplementation policies using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Titles and abstracts from articles identified were read and selected for full-text review. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed in full and analyzed for study design, aim, population, interventions, and outcomes.

RESULTS

Of 1637 resultant articles, 54 were included. Mandatory folate fortification was effective at reducing folate-sensitive NTDs. Mandatory fortification also decreased hospitalization rates and deaths after discharge and increased 1st-year survival for infants with NTDs. Recommended folate supplementation also resulted in decreased NTDs; however, issues with compliance and adherence were a concern and impacted effectiveness. Folate fortification and/or supplementation resulted in decreased NTD prevalence, although more change was attributed to fortification. Dual policies may hold the most promise. Furthermore, reductions in NTDs were associated with significant cost savings over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Both mandatory folate fortification and recommended supplementation policies were found to effectively decrease folate-sensitive NTD rates when applied. A comprehensive approach incorporating mandatory folate fortification, appropriate folate supplementation, and improved infrastructure and access to prenatal care may lead to decreased NTDs worldwide. This approach should be context-specific, emphasize education, and account for regional access to healthcare and social determinants of health. With wide implications for NTDs, associated health outcomes, quality of life of patients and caregivers, and economic impacts, policy changes can drastically improve global NTD outcomes. As caretakers of children with NTDs, the authors as neurosurgeons advocate for a comprehensive policy, the engagement of stakeholders, and a broader global impact.
Predicting postoperative quality-of-life outcomes in patients with metastatic spine disease: who benefits?
Authors: Feghali James , Pennington Zach , Ehresman Jeff , Lubelski Daniel , Cottrill Ethan , Ahmed A. Karim , Schilling Andrew , Sciubba Daniel M.
Published: December 2020

Symptomatic spinal metastasis occurs in around 10% of all cancer patients, 5%–10% of whom will require operative management. While postoperative survival has been extensively evaluated, postoperative health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes have remained relatively understudied. Available tools that measure HRQOL are heterogeneous and may emphasize different aspects of HRQOL. The authors of this paper recommend the use of the EQ-5D and Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ), given their extensive validation, to capture the QOL effects of systemic disease and spine metastases. Recent studies have identified preoperative QOL, baseline functional status, and neurological function as potential predictors of postoperative QOL outcomes, but heterogeneity across studies limits the ability to derive meaningful conclusions from the data. Future development of a valid and reliable prognostic model will likely require the application of a standardized protocol in the context of a multicenter study design.
The association between patient rating of their spine surgeon and quality of postoperative outcome
Authors: Rabah Nicholas M. , Khan Hammad A. , Levin Jay M. , Winkelman Robert D. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey was developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a result of their value-based purchasing initiative. It allows patients to rate their experience with their provider in the outpatient setting. This presents a unique situation in healthcare in which the patient experience drives the marketplace, and since its creation, providers have sought to improve patient satisfaction. Within the spine surgery setting, however, the question remains whether improved patient satisfaction correlates with improved outcomes.

METHODS

All patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery between 2009 and 2017 and who completed a CG-CAHPS survey after their procedure were studied. Demographic and surgical characteristics were then obtained. The primary outcomes of this study include patient-reported health outcomes measures such as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS-GH) surveys for both mental health (PROMIS-GH-MH) and physical health (PROMIS-GH-PH), and the visual analog scale for back pain (VAS-BP). A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess whether patient satisfaction with their provider was associated with changes in each health status measure after adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS

The study population included 647 patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery. Of these, 564 (87%) indicated that they were satisfied with the care they received. Demographic and surgical characteristics were largely similar between the two groups. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that patient satisfaction with their provider was not a significant predictor of change in two of the three patient-reported outcomes (PROMIS-GH-MH and PROMIS-GH-PH) assessed at 1 year. However, top-box patient satisfaction with their provider was a significant predictor of improvement in VAS-BP scores at 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found that after adjusting for patient-level covariates such as age, diagnosis of disc displacement, self-reported mental health, self-reported overall health, and preoperative patient-reported outcome measure status, a significant association was observed between top-box overall provider rating and 1-year improvement in VAS-BP, but no such association was observed for PROMIS-GH-PH and PROMIS-GH-MH. This suggests that pain-related outcome measures may serve as better predictors of patients’ satisfaction with their spine surgeons. Furthermore, this suggests that the current method by which patient satisfaction is being assessed and publicly reported may not necessarily correlate with validated measures that are used within the spine surgery setting to assess surgical efficacy.
Fragmenti
o djelovanju Komisije za istarska pitanja pri Predsjedništvu Narodne vlade
Hrvatske tijekom 1945. godine
Authors: Bukvić Nenad
Published: December 2020

U fondovima i zbirkama Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva u Zagrebu,
središnje arhivske ustanove u Republici Hrvatskoj, čuvaju se i vrijedni dokumenti
o povijesti Istre. Među gradivom za istraživanje razdoblja Drugoga svjetskog rata
i poraća nalazi se i manja količina gradiva (jedna arhivska mapa) nastaloga ili
prikupljenog djelatnošću Komisije za istarska pitanja pri Predsjedništvu
Narodne vlade Hrvatske tijekom 1945. godine. Gradivo je u Hrvatski državni
arhiv preuzeto po službenoj dužnosti od Ureda za opće poslove Vlade Republike
Hrvatske i Hrvatskoga državnog sabora 1998. godine i oblikovano u zasebni
arhivski fond (HR-HDA-1165). Iako je sačuvano fragmentarno, ono predstavlja
vrijedan izvor za istraživanje tema u svezi s organizacijom vlasti i
svakodnevnoga života u hrvatskome dijelu Istre, koji je temeljem Beogradskoga
sporazuma od 9. lipnja 1945. o privremenoj podjeli graničnoga područja
Jugoslavije i Italije na dvije okupacijske zone stavljen pod jugoslavensku
vojnu upravu. Akti o osnivanju Komisije, djelovanju i prestanku s radom nisu
objavljeni u službenim glasilima. No, temeljem uvida u arhivske dokumente može
se zaključiti da je započela s djelovanjem u lipnju 1945. i da je djelovala
tijekom druge polovice te godine. Obavljala je savjetodavne poslove i poslove
koordinacije u odnosu na Oblasni narodni odbor za Istru, mjerodavna
ministarstva i druga tijela u svezi s rješavanjem pitanja oko nacionalnih,
kulturnih i gospodarskih interesa dijela Istre koji je bio pod jugoslavenskom
vojnom upravom. Aktivnosti Komisije najvećim su se dijelom odnosile na
posredovanje u izdavanju propusnica za putovanja na područje Istre te
organizaciju i popunjavanje službeničkih mjesta u tamošnjoj civilnoj upravi. Komisija
je bila angažirana i oko opskrbe hranom te opremom i sredstvima za rad tamošnjih
ustanova. Nastojala je steći što cjelovitiji uvid u političke, administrativne
(upravne), sudske, gospodarske, obrazovne, kulturne i druge prilike na tom
području. To ilustriraju i tri dokumenta čiji se cjeloviti prijepisi donose u
članku, uz poštivanje uobičajenih načela pri objavljivanju arhivskoga gradiva.
Prvi se dokument odnosi na organizaciju financijske službe u Istri, a drugi na
razvoj turizma i obnovu hotelijersko-ugostiteljske infrastrukture na Opatijskoj
rivijeri. Treći je dokument rukom pisani osvrt Ante Rojnića povodom 25. obljetnice
potpisivanja Rapallskoga ugovora.
METODOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Wahidah Zumrotul
Published: December 2020

This study discusses the Islamic legal methodology used by Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali was the first to formulate methodological theory of Islamic law. In addition, Al-Ghazali is a very influential scholar in the Muslim community ini the word who is addressed through his works. Therefore, it is interesting to study the differences from other scholars in the method is library research is library research method by analizing various sources of literature related to this research. The result of this research is that the method used by Al-Ghazali has a different view, even against the Imam of the mazhab, one of which is about the argument of Maslahah al-Mursalah as a legal argument if the mashlalah is at the dharuriyah level. For the methodology agreed upon by Al-Ghazali, namely al-Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’ and Nalar reasionable/ istishab. Meanwhile, Islamic legal methods that not agreed upon are syar’u man qablana, istihsan, qaul sahaby, and mashalahah mursalah/ istishlah.Keywords: Al-Ghazali; Islamic law; methodology.Penelitian ini membahas tentang metodologi hukum Islam yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali merupakan merupakan orang pertama yang merumuskan dalam teori metodologi hukum Islam. Selain itu, Al-Ghazali merupakan ulama yang sangat berpengaruh dalam kalangan masyarakat Muslim di dunia yang ditujukan melalui karya-karyanya.  Oleh karena itu, menarik untuk dikaji perbedaan dari ulama-ulama lain dalam metode hukum Islam yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan menganalisis dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah metode yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali memiliki pandangan yang berbeda, bahkan berlawanan imam mazhab salah satunya tentang hujjah Mashlahah al-Mursalah sebagai dalil hukum apabila mashlahah tersebut pada tingkatan dharuriyah. Untuk metodologi yang disepakati oleh Al-Ghazali yaitu al-Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’ dan Nalar akal/istishab. Sedangkan metode hukum Islam yang tidak disepakati yaitu syar’u man qablana, istihsan, qaul sahaby, dan mashlahah mursalat/istishlah.
«Inspiration May Not Necessarily Fly High…» (A. P. Sumarokov’s "Fable Lack of Time" and G. R. Derzhanin’s "Ode Felitsa")
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Kukushkina E. D.
Published: December 2020

While discussing lyric poetry in his theoretical treatise, G. R. Derzhavin mentioned various types of inspiration he experienced while writing poetry. Derzhavin’s contemporaries, and later the critics, noted the poet’s outstanding ability to inundate well-known literary plots, themes, and even words with new content. Satirical poem by A. P. Sumarokov on the topical issue of the noblemen’s attitude to service and leisure was perceived by Derzhavin polemically, and prompted him to write the ode "Felitsa".
Textological Principles of Publishing F. M. Dostoevsky’s Novel The Idiot in the Academic Complete Works: Punctuation
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Barsht K. A.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the grammar used to reproduce the fundamental works of the 19th century literature in academic publications, with Volume 8 of the Complete Works by F. M. Dostoevsky in 35 Volumes, currently in preparation at Pushkinskij Dom (The Idiot), used as a case study. Certain textual solutions embodied in this text are analyzed, with the emphasis on the attempt to preserve the punctuation of the first printed text. The article outlines the cases where textual literalism distorts the meaning of Dostoevsky’s writing, violating academic traditions as well as the textual guidelines for the publication, that imply that the writer’s texts should be reproduced in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language.
Concerning the Prototype of the Protagonist of A. M. Remizov’s Story "Bebka"
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Lindeberg O. A.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a personality outline and a brief biography of Ippolit Leopoldovich Zalivsky (1897–1959), who was the prototype of the protagonist of A. M. Remizov’s story "Bebka", and shows how subtly the writer has perceived the boy’s future hobbies.
«The First» or «The Failure»: On the Impact of the Translation of "Le ciel est, par-dessus le toit…" by Paul Verlaine on the Creative Career of Fyodor Sologub
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Misnikevich T. V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the translation of the poem "Le ciel est, par-dessus le toit..." by Paul Verlaine (collection Sagesse (Wisdom), 1880), which marked the beginning of Fyodor Sologub’s career as one of the most successful Russian translators of the French poet’s verse. The creative history of the translation is reconstructed, using the data from the Sologub Archive that document the history of the emergence of various versions of his text. Presumable reasons why the attention of Sologub the translator was attracted by this poem by Verlaine are considered in the context of Sologub’s original work.
«Pushkin — CENTRIFUGE». The Story of an Unpublished Book
Authors:   Moscow State University, Bogomolov N. A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with a project by a notorious futuristic publishing house, the book Pushkin — CENTRIFUGE. The origins of its artistic concept are traced; the initial course of work on it by V. Ya. Bryusov and the reasons why the publication never came out are analyzed.
A Book by a Researcher from London on the Russian Literary Theory
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Kirzhaeva V. P. , Osovskiy O. E. ,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2020

[Review]: Tihanov G. The Birth and Death of Literary Theory: Regimes of Relevance in Russia and Beyond. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019. 272 p.
Dostoevsky in the Labyrinths of the Self
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (the Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Kibal’nik S. A.
Published: December 2020

[Review]: Corrigan Yu. Dostoevsky and the Riddle of the Self. Evanstone, Illinois: Northwestern Univerisity Press, 2017. 238 p.
VALIDITAS ANGKET FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PADA SISWA SMA SWASTA SE-KOTA PADANG
Authors: Nela Nela Sari Yolanda , Yessy Marzona
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecanduan bermain game online. Melihat perkembangan game online saat ini, dampak negatifnya yaitu kecanduan. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah angket untuk melihat tingkat kecanduan siswa SMA swasta se-kota Padang. Sebelum angket disebarkan maka perlu diperlukan validasi terhadap angket. Angket di validasi oleh 3 validator yaitu 2 ahli matematika dan 1 ahli Bahasa. Aspek-aspek yang dinilai oleh validator adalah aspek Bahasa, aspek permasalahan dan aspek tujuan. Hasil validasi  menunjukkan bahwa angket sudah valid dari setiap aspek yang dinilai.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete in the Complex Environment of China-Laos (Moding-Vientiane) Railway
Authors: Zhang Youhao , Hou Wenqi , Xi Jihong
Published: December 2020

In order to make different strength grades of concrete which meet the requirements of the complex engineering environment of China-Laos (Moding-Vientiane) Railway, the raw materials such as cement fabricated in Laos and water reducing agent made in China were chosen, the effect rules of size and the effect rules of different fly ash contents on the mechanical properties of C55 concrete were studied through the concrete mix proportion design and the mechanical property tests of different strength index. And the concrete mix proportion of C20∼C60 was determined. The results showed that the concrete which meet the requirements of China railway standards (TB10424-2010) can be configured according to the mix proportion in this paper. In the case of the additive is fly ash only, the appropriate content of fly ash in C55 concrete for China-Laos (Moding-Vientiane) Railway bridges was determined to be 15%. The test results in this paper had been successfully applied to the concrete construction of real bridges.