bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matatu Work
Authors: Ference Meghan E.
Published: January 2025

Focuses on the lives and labour of the men and women who work in Nairobi's publicly operated, privately owned minibus taxis, matatu.How can mass transit systems be designed in ways that respond to the needs of urban citizens in the midst of an impending climate crisis? What strategies can transport workers employ as they adapt to shifts in the global economy? This book focuses on the lives and labour of the men - and, importantly, women - who work in Nairobi's publicly operated, privately owned minibus taxis, matatu, to examine questions about access to urban public space, gendered regimes of work, and neoliberalism that lie at the heart of debates on the future of African cities.

Providing an in-depth view of workers' routines and the unwritten rules that govern informal transport sectors, this book is an ethnography of Nairobi's popular transportation workforce, with a focus on strategies that circulate both economic (cash, vehicle investments) and symbolic capital (new linguistic codes, music, and elements of style) in ways that keep the city moving. In the face of a rapidly changing urban and global landscapes Matatu Work considers the ways in which urban transport has provided expression of marginalized perspectives as well as decolonial struggles. Shedding new light on transportation practices and urban growth, the book invites the reader to take another look at the ways in which public transportation is not just an urban solution to practical problems of space and movement, but also how it is a place of sociability, performance, protest, and consumption and central to the making of sustainable cities.
The Musical Relationship between Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky
Authors: McFarland Mark
Published: January 2025

Stravinsky's influence on Debussy in 1910-13, rarely discussed, is demonstrated here in the many modernistic features of such works as the Preludes Book II, Khamma, and Jeux.

This book reassesses the relationship between Debussy and Stravinsky, two of the most important composers of the early twentieth century. When the Russian composer traveled to France in 1910 to attend the premiere of his first ballet, The Firebird, he was invited to dine at the French composer's house, and a photo of the two commemorates the beginning of their friendship. Stravinsky was already acquainted with many of Debussy's earlier works, and Debussy was introduced to the Russian composer's first three ballets between 1910 and 1913.

Stravinsky's early works contain Debussy-like passages, as in the opening measures of his opera The Nightingale, which echoes the opening measures of Debussy's "Nuages." As author Mark McFarland here shows, however, the adoption on Debussy's part of characteristics from Stravinsky's style is, perhaps surprisingly, no less substantial. Debussy borrowed motifs from both The Firebird and Petrushka as well as the Russian tradition of Leitharmony in his little-known ballet Khamma, and Stravinsky's ballets, including The Rite of Spring, seems to have sparked an exploration into octatonic harmony in Debussy's second book of piano preludes.

McFarland's close analysis of parallel passages and usages in works of the two composers also reveals that Debussy eventually distanced himself from Stravinsky, perhaps fearing to seem like an acolyte rather than an innovator. His borrowings from Stravinsky (and Russian style) gradually disappear, as McFarland demonstrates by close attention to passages in some of the late works, which move in the direction of a neoclassicism that Stravinsky himself would soon adopt and expand further.
Max Stirner and Nihilism
Authors: Dowdall Tim
Published: January 2025

A reassessment of the controversial, yet still influential nineteenth-century German philosopher that explores the contentious issue of whether he was, as his critics frequently claim, a nihilist.

Max Stirner (1806-1856) is often regarded as an enfant terrible of nineteenth-century German philosophy, but he has continued to exert an influence despite his marginalization as a nihilist. This study is the first to tackle head-on the question of whether Stirner can indeed reasonably be described as a nihilist. Although he is not known ever to have used the word "nihilism" or any of its derivatives, he was first accused of being a nihilist immediately after the publication of his magnum opus Der Einzige und sein Eigentum (translated in most English editions as The Ego and His Own) in 1844. Since then, the allegation has been repeated by well over a hundred writers and critics, with the result that it has become something of a truism. The book aims, first, to establish a clear understanding of the many meanings of the term nihilism; second, to examine the accusations leveled at Stirner in the light of those meanings; and third, to assess not only the fairness and accuracy of the imputation of nihilism but also its usefulness in understanding Stirner as a thinker. It thus provides new insights into Stirner's thought, challenges the orthodox view of him as a philosophical pariah, reassesses his ideas and their place in the history of philosophy, and addresses the recurrent issue of his contemporary relevance.
The Medicine of the Friars in Medieval England
Authors: Jones Peter Murray
Published: January 2025

Drawing upon a surprising wealth of evidence found in surviving manuscripts, this book restores friars to their rightful place in the history of English health care.
Friars are often overlooked in the picture of health care in late medieval England. Physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, barbers, midwives - these are the people we think of immediately as agents of healing; whilst we identify university teachers as authorities on medical writings. Yet from their first appearance in England in the 1220s to the dispersal of the friaries in the 1530s, four orders of friars were active as healers of every type. Their care extended beyond the circle of their own brethren: patients included royalty, nobles and bishops, and they also provided charitable aid and relief to the poor. They wrote about medicine too. Bartholomew the Englishman and Roger Bacon were arguably the most influential authors, alongside the Dominican Henry Daniel. Nor should we forget the anonymous Franciscan compilers of the Tabula medicine, a handbook of cures, which, amongst other items, contains case histories of friars practising medicine. Even after the Reformation, these texts continued to circulate and find new readers amongst practitioners and householders.

This book restores friars to their rightful place in the history of English health care, exploring the complex, productive entanglement between care of the soul and healing of the body, in both theoretical and practical terms. Drawing upon the surprising wealth of evidence found in the surviving manuscripts, it brings to light individuals such as William Holme (c. 1400), and his patient the duke of York (d. 1402), who suffered from swollen legs. Holme also wrote about medicinal simples and gave instructions for dealing with eye and voice problems experienced by his brother Franciscans. Friars from the thirteenth century onwards wrote their medicine differently, reflecting their religious vocation as preachers and confessors.
Black Woman on Board
Authors: Nicol Donna J.
Published: January 2025

Offers a rare view inside the university boardroom, uncovering the vital role Black women educational leaders have played in ensuring access and equity for all.
WINNER: 2024 Best Indie Book Award in Non-Fiction: History, Politics, and Social SciencesBlack Woman on Board: Claudia Hampton, the California State University, and the Fight to Save Affirmative Action examines the leadership strategies that Black women educators have employed as influential power brokers in predominantly white colleges and universities in the United States. Author Donna J. Nicol tells the extraordinary story of Dr. Claudia H. Hampton, the California State University (CSU) system's first Black woman trustee, who later became the board's first woman chair, and her twenty-year fight (1974–94) to increase access within the CSU for historically marginalized and underrepresented groups. Amid a growing white backlash against changes brought on by the 1960s Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, Nicol argues that Hampton enacted "sly civility" to persuade fellow trustees, CSU system officials, and state lawmakers to enforce federal and state affirmative action mandates.

Black Woman on Board explores how Hampton methodically "played the game of boardsmanship," using the soft power she cultivated amongst her peers to remove barriers that might have impeded the implementation and expansion of affirmative action policies and programs. In illuminating the ways that Hampton transformed the CSU as the "affirmative action trustee," this remarkable book makes an important contribution to the history of higher education and to the historiography of Black women's educational leadership in the post-Civil Rights era.
Situating Medieval India
Authors: Singh Surinder
Published: January 2025

Explores state formation, social fabrics and cultural mores of medieval India from 1200-1800.
The states of medieval India operated under a ruling class that was largely Muslim, colouring our understanding of the history of the period. Increased availability of Persian chronicles, emergence of a class of professional historians and progressive forces emanating from the anti-colonial movement have led to new approaches to the period.

Situating Medieval India covers more than 6 centuries, from the Delhi Sultanate to the arrival of Europeans. Topics covered include approaches to exercise of sovereign power in medieval states and the social identity of government officers, Dulla Bhatti's revolt against the Mughal State, modes of resistance in the state of Punjab, and religious diversity in Agra. The author also examines scientific and technical innovations, and the artworks of Mushtaqi, Jahangir and Bhandari.

The book opens up medieval India in all its complexity and richness.
A Doctor’s Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust
Authors: Kessler Arthur
Published: January 2025

Based on notes kept while incarcerated in the concentration camps and ghettos of Transnistria, Dr. Kessler's gripping Holocaust memoir tells a story of calculated murder, resistance, and survival.

In the aftermath of the Romanian Holocaust, Transnistria, a little-known region north of Odessa, between the Dniester and Bug rivers, came to be known as "the forgotten cemetery." Between 1941 and 1944, an estimated 300,000 Jews were killed or died there from starvation and disease. This memoir by Dr. Arthur Kessler, based on daily notes he kept as a physician during his two-year imprisonment in Transnistria's Vapniarka concentration camp and Olgopol ghetto, provides a unique perspective of a Jewish medical doctor who witnessed murderous death as well as brave acts of resistance and survival.

Introduced and annotated by historian Leo Spitzer and translated from German by the late Margaret Robinson, Dr. Kessler's memoir provides an engrossing account of his infamous discovery that Vapniarka's Romanian authorities routinely, and it seems knowingly, fed camp inmates a daily soup containing toxic chickling peas (Lathyrus sativus) that induced paralysis, kidney failure, and oftentimes death. It reveals the daring by which he, together with fellow inmate medical associates, saved hundreds of lives by organizing a hunger strike that resulted in the camp's dissolution and the prisoners' relocation to ghettos throughout Transnistria. Kessler's narrative continues with an account of privileges attainable by deportees with useful skills and provides illuminating details about informal systems and practices that enabled many to survive and to provide care to fellow victims of genocidal persecution.

The memoir is illustrated with moving drawings produced by prisoners in the Vapniarka concentration camp and presented to Dr. Kessler in recognition of his brave work of healing.
Financial Failure in Early Modern England
Authors: Collins Aidan
Published: January 2025

Analyses how bankruptcy was litigated within the court to gain a more nuanced understanding of early modern bankruptcy.

This book examines cases involving bankruptcy brought before the court of Chancery - a court of equity which dealt with civil disputes - between 1674 and 1750. It uncovers the numerous meanings attached to financial failure in early modern England. In its simplest sense, personal financial failure occurred when an individual defaulted on their debts. Because they had not fulfilled their responsibilities and behaved in a trustworthy and credible manner, bankrupt individuals were seen to be immoral. And yet bankruptcy was linked to wider notions of credibility, trustworthiness, and morality. Financial failure was described and debated not just in economic terms, but came to rely on a combination of social, community, and religious values.

Bankruptcy cases involved an interconnected network of indebtedness, often including relatives, neighbours, and traders from the local community. As such, conceptions of failure implicated individuals beyond just the bankrupt. As people began to look back and appraise the actions and words of those involved in trade, a far wider network of creditors, debtors, and middlemen were blamed for the knock-on effect of an individual failure. Ultimately, the book investigates the negative aspects of early modern trade networks and the active role of the court when such networks broke down, providing unique access to contemporary understandings of what was considered right and wrong, honourable and deceitful, and criminal and compassionate within the moral landscape of debt recovery during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Italian Opera Singing at the Time of Verismo
Authors: Gentili Barbara
Published: January 2025

Connects discussions of vocality and operatic culture with broader aesthetic and cultural shifts in society.

In the decades that span the turn of the twentieth century, the Italian tradition of operatic singing became 'modern'. This book identifies and explores the formative elements of this multifaceted 'modernity', and its connections with the emergence of verismo, a realistic trend that affected every aspect of creative and intellectual life in fin-de-siècle Italy. Thisnovel approach to artistic representation meant that singers had to redefine the operatic voice, exchanging the bel canto ideal of 'pure' vocal quality with an irreversible gendered connotation and an erotically charged expressive force. Pivotal to this shift was the gradual development of a homogeneous vocal colour through the compass, an aesthetic principle that was alien to the voice culture of the previous centuries. Star singers such as Enrico Caruso, Titta Ruffo, Emma Carelli and Eugenia Burzio were instrumental in this radical transition.

The book explores how and why modern singers consciously pursued a new vocal expressivity, illuminating the ways in which the changes they introduced in their vocal techniques yielded novel stylistic gestures, and ultimately shaped operatic culture.Through a comparative analysis of early vocal recordings and late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century vocal methods and drawing on archival research in London, Milan, Rome and Buenos Aires, the book connects discussions of vocality and operatic culture with broader aesthetic and cultural shifts in society. Italian Opera Singing at the Time of Verismo, will be of interest to scholars and students of opera history, performance studies and recording history, as well as voice coaches and professional singers.
“La playa es la playa”: influencia de la costa de Barcelona en el bienestar de sus habitantes
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España., Soriano-García Javier
Published: January 2025

La costa y playas urbanas de la ciudad de Barcelona tienen una historia relativamente reciente, habiendo sido parte de la industria portuaria hasta la celebración de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992, cuando se abrieron al uso público. Su desarrollo y estudio en las últimas décadas ha estado íntimamente ligado a su potencial económico y turístico, olvidándose la forma en que experimentan la costa las personas residentes de Barcelona. Este estudio parte de la consideración de los blue spaces, defendidos por la Psicología Ambiental como espacios caracterizados por la presencia de agua que sirven para la restauración emocional de quienes los frecuentan. Plantea estudiar el impacto del litoral de Barcelona en el bienestar de sus habitantes, y su potencialidad como blue space, mediante una metodología etnográfica con entrevistas. Los resultados demuestran la variedad del uso que la población barcelonesa hace de su costa y su influencia restaurativa.
Espacio público y desigualdad urbana. Análisis espacial del acceso al espacio público en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú., Velarde Franklin
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza la desigualdad urbana desde el acceso al espacio público, construyendo una narrativa relacional mediante el análisis cartográfico y cuantitativo de distintas capas socioespaciales. Para esto, se toma como caso de estudio la Provincia Constitucional del Callao, examinando la distribución, calidad y cobertura territorial de sus espacios públicos. A continuación, se calculan los metros cuadrados de espacio público a los que pueden acceder peatonalmente los habitantes, a quince minutos desde sus viviendas. La información resultante se correlaciona con otras variables como la evolución urbana, el nivel de consolidación del hábitat, la localización de los estratos socioeconómicos y la calidad de los espacios públicos. Entre los hallazgos se destaca la caracterización de tres tipos de desigualdad con relación al acceso al espacio público. Además, se evidencia que la población más vulnerable enfrenta desigualdades en la calidad de los espacios disponibles, intensificando la superposición de asimetrías y la concentración de inequidades territoriales.
Inverse Monsef Distribution: Statistical Properties, Estimation and Application
Authors: Mohamed Aya A.A. , El-Monsef Mohamed M.E. Abd , Fergany Soad M. , AboGabal Hamdy A.
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a new inverse distribution called the Inverse Monsef Distribution (IMON), which is an extension of the Monsef distribution. Most of the statistical and reliability properties of the proposed distribution are derived. The parameters are estimated using two different methods: the maximum likelihood and Cramér-von Mises methods. The proposed distribution demonstrates excellent flexibility in modeling certain types of lifetime data. To illustrate its effectiveness, three real datasets are analyzed and compared with several well-known distributions. Additionally, the reliability properties of the inverse Monsef distribution are discussed. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the parameter estimates.
Effect of Recommended and Graded Doses of Biochar with and without ZMB Biofertilizer and Zinc on the Growth Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shukla Shwetank , Kumar Suresh , Singh Praveen Kumar , Tripathi Kaushlendra Mani , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Singh Jay
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023 at the Students' Instructional Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, to assess the impact of graded doses of biochar, varying fertility levels, and the addition of biofertilizers and zinc on rice cultivation under partially reclaimed sodic soils. Nine treatments were applied, including combinations of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF), biochar (5 t ha⁻¹ and 2.5 t ha⁻¹), biofertilizer (ZMB), and zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: T1 (Control), T2 (100% RDF), T3 (50% RDF), T4 (50% RDF + 5 t ha⁻¹ biochar), T5 (50% RDF + 5 t ha⁻¹ biochar + ZMB), T6 (50% RDF + 5 t ha⁻¹ biochar + ZMB + ZnSO₄), T7 (100% RDF + 2.5 t ha⁻¹ biochar), T8 (100% RDF + 2.5 t ha⁻¹ biochar + ZMB), and T9 (100% RDF + 2.5 t ha⁻¹ biochar + ZMB + ZnSO₄). The rice variety NDR 2065 was used as the test crop. Growth parameters such as plant height, dry matter accumulation, root length, root volume, number of tillers, and panicle length were evaluated. The results showed that the treatment T9 (100% RDF + 2.5 t ha⁻¹ biochar + ZMB + ZnSO₄) produced the highest growth and quality parameters, indicating a significant improvement in rice performance. The study suggests combining biochar, biofertilizers, and zinc under reduced fertilizer levels can enhance rice growth and productivity in sodic soils, offering a sustainable approach to soil fertility management.
Costs and Returns of Potato Cultivation in Kannauj District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Kushwaha R. R. , Singh Vinay Kumar , Mourya K. K. , Verma Seema , Yadav Bhartendu , Kumar Pushpendra
Published: January 2025

A study was carried out with the goal of determining the worth and significance of the Potato crop as well as the income and jobs it creates through its production, disposal. Analyze the main objectives were the cost & income measures of Potato cultivation. With the use of purposive cum random sampling, 100 respondents were chosen from the Kannauj District of Uttar Pradesh. Data were gathered using a scheduled programme and personal interviews. For the purpose of presenting the results, tabular and functional analyses were performed. Chosen respondents were divided into 61, 29, and 10percent from marginal, small, and medium categories. Data was analyzed and found that Average holding Size 1.41 ha, Varying from 0.80 to 3.91 ha. Cropping intensity of sample farms was to 227.45 percent which was found highest on Marginal farms 255.26 percent followed by Small 220.48 percent and Medium 201.48 percent respectively. On an Average cost of cultivation was Rs.92294.88 per/ha. The gross & Net income on over all farms where found to be Rs.181012.50 and 88717.62 per ha respectively. The input and output ratio was found to be 1:1.96 On cost C3. study was characterized by decreasing return to scale.
The Impact of the Iran-China Strategic Partnership Agreement on Facilitating Iran’s Foreign Trade: A Case Study of Selected Goods Exports
Authors: Mohseni Reza , Negintagi Zarir , Darvishi Aramchehr
Published: January 2025

One of the main goals of developing countries, such as Iran is to achieve economic growth. According to theory, trade is an important determinant of economic growth and development. To increase economic trade volume, Iran has signed several agreements globally and one of the most important trading allies in recent years is China. This article seeks to assess how strategic partnership agreements in the Iran-China 25-year Cooperation Program and the progress of the Belt and Road Initiative influence the export of selected goods, specifically in the categories of iron, copper, steel, and alloy products. Based on the gravity model and the combined data approach from 2001 to 2021, the findings reveal that trade facilitation, gross domestic product, and China’s population have a significant positive influence on Iran’s foreign trade. Conversely, Iran’s population shows a negative and substantial influence on the country’s foreign trade.
O ACORDO DE PRINCÍPIO MERCOSUL-UNIÃO EUROPEIA E OS CONFLITOS SOCIAIS EM TORNO DO SEU AVANÇO E RATIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Berringer Tatiana , Granato Leonardo
Published: January 2025

O Acordo Mercosul-União Europeia está em discussão há mais de vinte anos entre os dois blocos. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar os conflitos domésticos e setoriais nos âmbitos dos dois blocos face ao avanço do acordo de princípio. Com base na análise bibliográfica e documental, apresenta-se um quadro das divergências sociopolíticas que podem explicar as dificuldades para ratificar o acordo, e aponta-se para um novo abismo nas relações Norte-Sul.
RACISMO E AÇÃO SINDICAL ENTRE OS BANCÁRIOS
Authors: Batista da Silva Jair , Resende Renato
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca discutir a percepção das dirigentes sindicais negras sobre a problemática racial no sindicalismo bancário e a presença de negros no sistema financeiro brasileiro. Para isso nos baseamos em questionário contendo treze perguntas aplicado em um universo de 135 participantes do VII Fórum Nacional pela Visibilidade Negra no Sistema Financeiro. Deste universo, 61 participantes aceitaram responder às questões. O contingente mais significativo de respondentes foi o das dirigentes sindicais negras. É sobre a percepção destas dirigentes sobre a presença de negros no sistema, a ação sindical bancária sobre o preconceito, discriminação e desigualdade racial que o artigo se debruça. Apontando como a luta antirracista está presente no sindicalismo bancário, evidenciando uma situação contraditória permeado de persistências e avanços.
PRECARIEDADE, GÊNERO E RACIALIDADE: experiências de trabalho no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Estanque Elísio , Sousa Barbosa Agnaldo , Lúcia Vannuchi Maria , Marques Mendes Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Este artigo apresenta um breve retrato que ilustra alguns dos contornos de vidas precárias estruturadas através do trabalho. Trazemos aqui elementos de luta e de subjetividades acomodadas aos modos de vida e formas de adaptação que o capitalismo promove e reproduz. Os três casos em análise – em Franca-SP; São João da Madeira, Portugal; e o setor das trabalhadoras domésticas, em Salvador-BA – ilustram realidades diversas, mas que espelham formas de aceitação e precariedade estruturadas por modalidades de dominação e opressão vinculadas ao mesmo sistema econômico neoliberal. A condição subalterna a que foram remetidos esses segmentos espelha combinações complexas de fatores, em que se reúnem a classe, a raça e o gênero, oscilando a força de cada um deles em função de cada um dos casos. Enquanto a discriminação racial e de gênero são mais evidentes no caso das domésticas, as dimensões de classe conjugadas com as subjetividades e identidades mostraram-se mais fortes na indústria calçadista.
PRECARIEDADE, TRABALHADORES MIGRANTES E PRECONCEITO ÉTNICO-RACIAL EM PORTUGAL: mudanças no emprego e respostas sindicais
Authors: Fonseca Dora , Soeiro José
Published: January 2025

A composição da força de trabalho em Portugal tem sofrido nas últimas décadas alterações estruturais, que caminham a par de mudanças de fundo na regulação do trabalho. Entre elas, destaca-se o significativo aumento da população estrangeira residente, que ultrapassava um quinto da classe trabalhadora em 2023. A reflexão sobre a precarização do trabalho não pode ignorar a presença crescente de trabalhadores migrantes, nomeadamente em setores como a administração e serviços de apoio, o alojamento e a restauração, a construção, as indústrias transformadoras, o trabalho em plataformas digitais (transporte de passageiros e entrega de comida) e a agricultura intensiva, designadamente quando marcada pela informalidade laboral e pelo trabalho clandestino. Pode dizer-se que a precariedade em Portugal, seja em setores tradicionais seja nos que resultam da digitalização do trabalho, é um fenómeno que só pode ser plenamente compreendido tendo em conta os fluxos de mão de obra, a divisão internacional do trabalho e o trabalho racializado, com as múltiplas discriminações que tecem a intersecção entre raça, classe e género na estrutura das desigualdades. O presente artigo apresenta um diagnóstico sobre o trabalho em Portugal e as suas transformações, identificando também o modo como os programas de ação das confederações sindicais e os Instrumentos de Regulamentação Coletiva de Trabalho, ao nível setorial, incorporam (ou não) as temáticas do trabalho protagonizado por migrantes e do combate ao preconceito étnico-racial.
PRECARIEDADES SUBJETIVAS: politizar a saúde mental na atualidade
Authors: Corbanezi Elton
Published: January 2025

O artigo aborda a noção de precariedade subjetiva, a fim de contribuir para uma compreensão sociológica dos problemas de saúde mental na atualidade. A precariedade subjetiva constitui uma condição individual típica proveniente das transformações das sociedades capitalistas contemporâneas, que estabeleceram e sacralizaram categorias como incerteza, instabilidade, adaptação, autonomia, autorrealização, provisoriedade, fluidez, mobilidade, velocidade, flexibilidade e risco. Esperamos mostrar que, para além de fatores socioeconômicos que explicam a incidência dos problemas de saúde mental, a própria concepção de vida intrínseca ao imaginário neoliberal pode contribuir para a interpretação do fenômeno. Inicialmente, apresentamos como o neoliberalismo se tornou uma cultura, em termos de produção de valores sociais que orientam os modos de vida individuais. Em seguida, analisamos de que forma a precariedade subjetiva devém uma norma social contra a qual o indivíduo é instado a voltar-se isoladamente. Por fim, procuramos assinalar experiências coletivas alternativas e diversas que podem confrontar a precariedade subjetiva. Dessa forma, pretendemos politizar o sofrimento psíquico como experiência social, diferentemente das explicações da psiquiatria e da cultura neoliberal, as quais o reduzem, em geral, ao indivíduo.
SAÚDE MENTAL INFANTIL E O TDAH COMO EXPRESSÃO DE EMBATES NO SETOR
Authors: Da Silva Mazon Marcia
Published: January 2025

Analisamos, neste artigo, aspectos institucionais da saúde mental infantil no Brasil no momento recente. Embora os moldes do diagnóstico e tratamento medicamentoso do TDAH possam ser identificados pelo modelo estadunidense tanto do DSM como pelas formas de ação da indústria farmacêutica, esses processos não deixam de expressar os embates no setor de saúde mental. O artigo aponta uma disputa entre o discurso do subdiagnóstico e o do sobrediagnóstico. No entanto, se as conferências de saúde da década de 1980 caminhavam para uma autonomia dos usuários de saúde, no momento presente prevalece um ambiente público mais opaco na era do consumidor paciente e no contexto da campanha de apelo ao uso racional de medicamentos pela OMS e na qual o consumo da Ritalina é emblemático.
Patient Portal Use Among Older Adults With Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Gleason Kelly T. , Wu Mingche M. J. , Wec Aleksandra , Powell Danielle S. , Zhang Talan , Wolff Jennifer L.
Published: June 2023

This cohort study assesses the level of engagement with an electronic health management system among patients with recently diagnosed dementia and their caregivers.
Use of Mechanical Ventilation Across 3 Countries
Authors: Jivraj Naheed K. , Hill Andrea D. , Shieh Meng-Shiou , Hua May , Gershengorn Hayley B. , Ferrando-Vivas Paloma , Harrison David , Rowan Kathy , Lindenauer Peter K. , Wunsch Hannah
Published: June 2023

Importance

The ability to provide invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a mainstay of modern intensive care; however, whether rates of IMV vary among countries is unclear.

Objective

To estimate the per capita rates of IMV in adults across 3 high-income countries with large variation in per capita intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study examined 2018 data of patients aged 20 years or older who received IMV in England, Canada, and the US.

Exposure

The country in which IMV was received.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the age-standardized rate of IMV and ICU admissions in each country. Rates were stratified by age, specific diagnoses (acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, upper gastrointestinal bleed), and comorbidities (dementia, dialysis dependence). Data analyses were conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 1, 2022.

Results

The study included 59 873 hospital admissions with IMV in England (median [IQR] patient age, 61 [47-72] years; 59% men, 41% women), 70 250 in Canada (median [IQR] patient age, 65 [54-74] years; 64% men, 36% women), and 1 614 768 in the US (median [IQR] patient age, 65 [54-74] years; 57% men, 43% women). The age-standardized rate per 100 000 population of IMV was the lowest in England (131; 95% CI, 130-132) compared with Canada (290; 95% CI, 288-292) and the US (614; 95% CI, 614-615). Stratified by age, per capita rates of IMV were more similar across countries among younger patients and diverged markedly in older patients. Among patients aged 80 years or older, the crude rate of IMV per 100 000 population was highest in the US (1788; 95% CI, 1781-1796) compared with Canada (694; 95% CI, 679-709) and England (209; 95% CI, 203-214). Concerning measured comorbidities, 6.3% of admitted patients who received IMV in the US had a diagnosis of dementia (vs 1.4% in England and 1.3% in Canada). Similarly, 5.6% of admitted patients in the US were dependent on dialysis prior to receiving IMV (vs 1.3% in England and 0.3% in Canada).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that patients in the US received IMV at a rate 4 times higher than in England and twice that in Canada in 2018. The greatest divergence was in the use of IMV among older adults, and patient characteristics among those who received IMV varied markedly. The differences in overall use of IMV among these countries highlight the need to better understand patient-, clinician-, and systems-level choices associated with the varied use of a limited and expensive resource.
Mortality in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Patrova Jekaterina , Mannheimer Buster , Lindh Jonatan D. , Falhammar Henrik
Published: June 2023

Importance

It is unclear if nonfunctional adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) are associated with increased mortality.

Objective

To analyze mortality and causes of death in patients with NFAA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A national retrospective register-based case-control study was conducted and included 17 726 patients with a diagnosis of adrenal adenoma in Sweden from 2005 to 2019 who were identified and followed up until death or 2020 as well as 124 366 controls without adrenal adenoma. Individuals with diagnoses indicating adrenal hormonal excess or cancer were excluded. Follow-up started after 3 months of cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups of individuals for whom it was assumed that controls would also have undergone computed tomography: those with acute appendicitis (for whom it was assumed that there was no concern of cancer) and in patients with a combination of gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas disorders and 6-month and 12-month cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. The data were analyzed in 2022.

Exposures

Diagnosis of NFAA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality among patients with NFAA after adjustment for comorbidities and socioeconomic factors. Secondary outcomes were mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Results

Among 17 726 cases, 10 777 (60.8%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 65 (57-73) years; among 124 366 controls, 69 514 (55.9%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (58-73) years. Among cases, overall mortality during the follow-up period (median, 6.2 years [IQR, 3.3-9.6 years]) was higher compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43; 95 CI, 1.38-1.48; adjusted HR [aHR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16-1.26). The relative association of NFAA with overall mortality was similar in women and men (aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15-1.28] vs 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.26]; P < .001 in both groups). In contrast, NFAA was associated with a larger increase in mortality among individuals younger than 65 years (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31-1.58) than in older individuals (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20; P < .001 for interaction). Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was increased (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.29), as was mortality due to cancer (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.42-1.67). The association between NFAA and mortality remained significant and of similar magnitude in all sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this case-control study suggest that NFAA was associated with an increased overall mortality and mortality of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The increase was more pronounced among younger individuals.
Changes in Registration Parameters for Ongoing Clinical Trials in Ukraine After 2022 Russian Invasion
Authors: Gujinović Diana , Viđak Tomislav , Melnikova Mariia , de Sousa Nelson Joaquim Fortuna , Marušić Ana
Published: June 2023

Importance

Clinical trial activity in Ukraine was seriously affected by the Russian invasion. However, data are lacking on how this conflict affects clinical trials.

Objective

To evaluate whether registered changes to trial information reflect war-related disturbances to trials in Ukraine.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included noncompleted trials conducted in Ukraine from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2023. Trials conducted in Estonia and Slovakia were also analyzed for comparison. Study records within the ClinicalTrials.gov archive were accessed by using the change history feature in the tabular view for each record.

Exposure

Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The frequency of changes to the protocol and results registration parameters before and after the start of the war, February 24, 2022.

Results

A total of 888 ongoing trials conducted only in Ukraine (5.2%) or in multiple countries (94.8%), and enrolling a median of 348 participants were analyzed. Almost all sponsors for 775 industry-funded trials were non-Ukrainian (99.6%). On February 24, 2023, 267 trials (30.1%) were without any recorded update in the registry after the war. In 15 (1.7%) multisite trials, Ukraine was removed as a location country after mean (SD) of 9.4 (3.0) postwar months. The rates of changes in 20 parameters 1 year before and after the war started had a mean (SD) absolute difference of 3.0% (2.5%). Besides study status changes in each study record version, the contacts and locations field was the most frequently modified (56.1%), with a higher rate for multisite (58.2%) than in only Ukrainian (17.4%) trials. This finding was consistent for all analyzed registration parameters. In trials conducted solely in Ukraine, the median number of record versions was the year before (95% CI, 0-0) and after February 2022 (95% CI, 0-1), similar to registered trials from Estonia and Slovakia.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest that war-related changes in trial conduct in Ukraine may not be completely visible in the largest public trial registry, which is expected to present accurate and timely information on clinical trials. These findings raise questions regarding the updating practices for registration information, which should be mandatory, especially in times of crises, to ensure the safety and the rights of trial participants in a war zone.
Ceramics, Glass Structure, and Properties
Authors: Le Bourhis Eric
Published: June 2023

Inorganic glasses are important ceramic materials. They are produced so as to freeze their random liquid‐like structure. There exist a vast range of inorganic glasses categorized according to the type of anion. Their attractive properties reviewed here have permitted their use in beverage containers, window panes, and automobile windshields. As well as increasingly, in high‐technology applications.
Waxes
Authors: Krendlinger Ernst
Published: June 2023

The article Waxes delves into the fascinating world of waxes and their diverse applications in various industries. It provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of waxes, their properties, and applications. The reader will learn about how natural waxes like beeswax, carnauba wax, and montan wax are harvested/manufactured and utilized in the cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, paint, candle, and other industries. The article also explores synthetic waxes like polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax, and Fischer–Tropsch wax and their pros and cons compared to natural waxes. It covers their applications in various industries and products like printing inks, shoe polishes, polishes, lubricants, coatings, and other products. The summary of the article offers the reader a quick and concise overview of the book's contents, including the key topics and insights. It is an essential reference for anyone interested in the chemistry, technology, and application of waxes.
The importance of open data describing prey item species lists for endangered species
Authors: Lortie C. J. , Braun Jenna , King Rachel , Westphal M.
Published: June 2023

Open data and code can be transformative tools in supporting evidence‐informed solutions for stakeholders. Data can take many forms of evidence in the discipline of applied ecology including tables, lists, maps and visualizations to name a few.

Endangered and listed species are often a catalyst for research, conservation and planning. Here, a novel, open data set summarizing all the reported diet and prey items for all endangered, terrestrial dryland species listed in central California is provided as a case study. These data highlight the critical need for sharing data rapidly and transparently to support ecological solution science.

Systematic review practices were used, data were compiled and the resulting data set was published in an open access, federated data repository using ecological metadata language and FAIR principles. The goal is to show that these data can now be used and analysed by applied ecologists and stakeholders to identify not only the habitat and spatial needs for the endangered species but to widen the conservation protection net to include prey species.

Conserving viable habitat with higher likelihoods of prey presence will better support conservation of endangered species, and data describing reported species are a crucial first step. Interactive tables, local species lists and maps are simple tools that can now be developed regionally with open data such as these.
Evaluation of sentinel lymph node localization in malignant melanoma by preoperative semiconductor gamma camera and planar lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Assam Isong , Dierck Simon P. , Zhao Yi , Jüptner Michael , Siebert Frank‐André , Zuhayra Maaz , Lützen Ulf
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Performing lymphoscintigraphy in a separate room, frees up the conventional gamma camera, coupled with the desire to directly localize sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in the operating theatre has led to the development of high‐resolution semiconductor‐detector based handheld gamma‐cameras, CrystalCam.

Methods

This work consists of phantom and clinical studies. For the first part, a Jaszczak phantom with hollow spheres of various volumes were filled with the 99mTc and the camera's sensitivity was measured at various distances to assess the possibilities and limitations of the device. The clinical study evaluates the effectiveness of CrystalCam in localizing SLN in 40 consecutive malignant melanoma patients compared to both conventional planar lymphoscintigraphy and hybrid SPECT/CT. SLNs detected by planar lymphoscintigraphy were marked on the patients’ skin using a UV‐marker. CrystalCam images were acquired in another room by another examiner and the SLNs were marked with a felt pen. The detected nodes by both camera systems were evaluated using UV‐lamp and normal light to visualize the UV‐ and felt pen marks respectively. The concordance rate of the SLNs and higher‐echelon nodes localized by both planar scintigraphy and CrystalCam imaging with respect to the total SLNs and higher‐echelon nodes detected by SPECT/CT imaging are compared and statistically analyzed.

Results

The results of the phantom study show a good correlation between activity and count‐rates for all distancesSPECT/CT, CrystalCamm, and planar lymphoscintigraphy detected 69, 58, and 61 SLNs respectively. The concordance rate of 95.65% by the CrystalCam and planar scintigraphy implies both cameras are statistically coequal in preoperative SLN detection of malignant melanoma. For the higher‐echelon nodes, SPECT/CT, planar and CrystalCam imaging systems identified 82, 48, and 13 respectively; thus, CrystalCam was statistically inferior to planar imaging.

Conclusion

The handheld CrystalCam is a reliable instrument for localizing SLNs in surgical centers without an on‐site nuclear medicine department.
Risk of Malnutrition in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis‐Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Treated With Nintedanib in the Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled SENSCIS Trial
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R. , McMahan Zsuzsanna H. , Smith Vanessa , Jouneau Stéphane , Miede Corinna , Alves Margarida , Herrick Ariane L. ,   the SENSCIS Trial Investigators
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess adverse events (AEs) in relation to baseline body mass index (BMI) and the risk of malnutrition in patients with systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease (SSc–ILD) treated with nintedanib.

Methods

Among patients with SSc–ILD randomized to receive nintedanib or placebo in the SENSCIS trial, we assessed AEs in subgroups by baseline BMI ≤20 kg/m2 and BMI >20 kg/m2, and the risk of malnutrition using a modified version of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), over 52 weeks.

Results

The AE profile of nintedanib was similar between subgroups with a baseline BMI ≤20 kg/m2 (n = 61) and a baseline BMI >20 kg/m2 (n = 515). In these subgroups, respectively, AEs led to treatment discontinuation in 16.7% and 15.9% of the nintedanib group and 13.5% and 8.0% of the placebo group, respectively. Based on the modified MUST, the proportions of patients who had a low risk of malnutrition at baseline and at their last assessment were 74.0% in the nintedanib group and 78.1% in the placebo group, while the proportions who were classified as at low risk at baseline but at high risk by their last assessment were 4.5% in the nintedanib group and 1.0% in the placebo group.

Conclusion

In the SENSCIS trial, most patients with SSc–ILD remained at low risk of malnutrition over 52 weeks, but the proportion at high risk was higher in patients who received treatment with nintedanib compared to those who received placebo. Management of disease manifestations and AEs that may be associated with weight loss is important to reduce the risk of malnutrition in patients with SSc–ILD.
Real‐World Evidence Assessing Psoriatic Arthritis by Disease Domain: An Evaluation of the CorEvitas Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , O'Brien Jacqueline , Middaugh Nicole , Kricorian Gregory , Stryker Scott , Collier David H. , Ogdie Alexis
Published: June 2023

Objective

Real‐world studies assessing treatment response by psoriatic arthritis (PsA) domains are limited. This study aimed to describe the patient characteristics, frequency and combinations of disease domains, disease activity, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) by PsA domains in patients who initiated treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) or interleukin‐17 inhibitor (IL‐17i).

Methods

Adults with PsA who initiated treatment with a TNFi or an IL‐17i between January 2013 and January 2021 and had a 6 (±3)–month follow‐up were included. The prevalence of PsA domains, the most common domain combinations, treatment persistence, and unadjusted change in disease activity and PROs from baseline to 6 months for each PsA domain were summarized descriptively.

Results

Of the 1005 eligible patients, 63% were receiving TNFi and 37% were receiving IL‐17i. Forty percent of TNFi and 14% of IL‐17i initiators received these treatments as first‐line therapy. Peripheral arthritis and skin disease were the most common PsA domains identified in 86% and 82% of patients, respectively, and the triad of peripheral arthritis, skin disease, and nail psoriasis was the most common domain combination observed in 14% of patients. More than two thirds (68%) of patients remained on therapy at 6 months’ follow‐up. Improvements in disease activity and PROs were observed across all PsA domains in those receiving TNFi or IL‐17i.

Conclusion

This real‐world analysis highlights the heterogeneity in domain presentation; therefore, assessing all PsA domains is important for optimal disease management. Improvements in outcomes across all PsA domains demonstrate the effectiveness of TNFi and IL‐17i in diverse patient groups exhibiting different phenotypes of PsA.