bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un monstrueux pervers sexuel ou deux ? Ethnographie d'un procès à la cour d’assises de São Paulo au Brésil
Authors: Schritzmeyer Ana Lúcia Pastore
Published: December 2019

En mai 2008, une jeune femme (Rose), alors âgée de 26 ans, a été condamnée à 26 ans et 2 mois de prison par une cour d’assises pour « complicité passive » dans des actes de torture et le meurtre de sa fille (Margot), décédée en juillet 2004 à l’âge de cinq ans. Son compagnon (Gaston), un officier de police, avait été jugé plusieurs mois auparavant et condamné à 40 ans de prison après avoir été reconnu être l’auteur de ces crimes. L’ethnographie de l’audience où l’accusée a comparu indique clairement qu’elle a été condamnée en raison de sa « morale sexuelle » jugée incompatible avec celle d’une « bonne mère », de sorte qu’elle n’était pas considérée comme une victime du policier, mais comme sa complice.
La circulation dans l’espace social de femmes de milieu populaire
Authors: Havard Duclos Bénédicte
Published: December 2019

À partir de la présentation de deux portraits de femmes de milieux populaires ayant un usage d’internet à des fins d’ouverture (diversification du réseau des interlocuteurs.trices, recherches d’informations en lien avec l’actualité), l’article montre, dans la perspective développée par Lahire (1998) combien les dispositions sociales incorporées déterminent les usages et les pratiques numériques. Le dispositif sociotechnique d’internet ne crée pas de toutes pièces des capacités à circuler dans l’espace social. Mais il accompagne des trajectoires de petites mobilités sociales, décuplant les possibilités d’entretenir et de développer des sociabilités diversifiées, et de satisfaire de fortes curiosités. L’article montre à quelles conditions internet peut participer d’un dépassement des assignations sociales et tenir sa promesse démocratique en autorisant ses utilisateurs.trices à circuler dans des espaces sociaux diversifiés au-delà de leur milieu d’appartenance. Ce faisant, cet article contribue également à une sociologie des classes populaires, de leur ouverture culturelle et de leur hétérogénéité.
Coder / décoder / recoder
Authors: Bastard Irène
Published: December 2019

La conversation d’actualité contribue à la réception des informations et à la formation de l’opinion publique. Cet article interroge le formalisme de ce « recodage » de l’actualité dans les réseaux socio-numériques et questionne l’élargissement de ce processus à des nouveaux profils, des nouveaux sujets, des nouvelles réceptions. On montre que, si le dispositif facilite la publication de statut avec des contenus d’actualité, ce n’est pas tant l’habileté numérique que l’expertise médiatique qui est nécessaire pour déclencher les statuts avec des contenus médias. Les sujets des médias occupent une place très stable dans les publications des internautes sur Facebook. La réception de ce recodage paraît se glisser dans des interactions opportunistes, ce qui accentue une réception de classe des actualités. La mise en visibilité de de la réception des actualités donne à voir un public de l’actualité et permet à chacun de situer sa place sociale et de là sa capacité d’action dans l’espace public.
Le Minitel et l’Étudiant
Authors: Demars Brice
Published: December 2019

Le Minitel a été utilisé par les étudiants opposés au projet de loi Devaquet de réforme des universités en 1986. Grâce à un service télématique hébergé par Libération, ils pouvaient s’échanger des messages et organiser leur lutte. C’est l’une des premières utilisations politiques d’un média numérique en France.
Colonialism and Victimization Narratives in the Context of Africa's Development
Authors: Ayodele Johnson Oluwole
Published: December 2019

The chapter appraises the implications of victimization inherent in colonialism for the development of Africa. It analyses pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial (decolonization, neo-colonial, meta-colonial, globalization, and meta-decolonization) periods. It holds that post-independence development failure of Africa is rooted in its history of predatory colonialism. The vestiges of colonial norms, institutions, and society are the perpetual contraptions that made postcolonial development bottlenecks inevitable in Africa. It suggests that Africa must liberate itself from the violence of cognitive imperialism that impedes the emergence of truly African development values. It should discard the existing bourgeois decolonization and adopt the meta-decolonization option which this chapter proposes. This will truly Africanize a development agenda in Africa, by Africans and for Africa. Thus, Africa's abundant resources will promote a broad-base for her inclusion in the global development contest as a productive independent key player.
Gender and Victimization
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwagbemiga Ezekiel
Published: December 2019

Studies on victimization are on gender differences with limited emphasis on the vulnerability of the victims. The chapter therefore examines the gender differences and vulnerability of victims around the world. The theoretical orientation of this chapter was based on the feminist theory and lifestyle routine-activities theory. Data for this study were obtained from secondary data and reviewed literature. The study established gender variation in victimization in different regions with respect to types of crimes. Individuals and contextual factors responsible for the gender differentials in the level of victimization were identified. The chapter suggests a useful policy that directs learning toward a more encircling rationalization of violence that incorporates both general and crime-specific factors based on gender differences.
Gender-Specific Burden of the Economic Cost of Victimization
Authors: Olowe Samuel Kolawole
Published: December 2019

This chapter explores the impact of specific burden of the economic cost of victimization on gender. Gender-related victimization is disproportionately concentrated on women and girls. Forms include sexual assaults, intimate-partner violence, incest, genital mutilation, homicide, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and other sexual offences. Costs of violence against women are widespread throughout society. Every recognizable effect of violence has a cost whether it is direct or indirect. Direct costs come from the use of goods and services for which a monetary exchange is made. Direct costs exist for capital, labour, and material inputs. Indirect costs stem from effects of violence against women that have an imputed monetary exchange, such as lost income or reduced profit. Effects of violence against women also include intangible costs such as premature death and pain and suffering for which there is no imputed monetary value in the economy.
Leadership Training for 21st Century Librarians Using INELI-SSAf Model as a Case Study
Authors: Ojo Rachel Ronke
Published: December 2019

Leadership is an integral aspect of successful organisations including libraries. Helping librarians to acquire leadership skills in order to adroitly navigate libraries through 21st century changes and challenges of the information environment is crucial. INELI (International Network for Emerging Library Innovators) was birthed globally as an initiative of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to provide young leaders in public libraries across the world the opportunities to connect, learn, and explore new ideas and services that can transform their communities. INELI Sub-Saharan Africa (INELI-SSAf), an offshoot of the initiative for African public librarians, is a leadership training program with the primary objectives of exposing participants to concepts and practices about innovative information services in current times and assisting them to create within and across border networks for peer leaning. The topics taught include time management, advocacy, data management, smart risks, and innovations in libraries. (INELI SSAf is run by African Library and Information Associations and Institutions (AfLIA)).
Emotion Recognition From Speech Using Perceptual Filter and Neural Network
Authors: A. Revathi , N. Sasikaladevi
Published: December 2019

This chapter on multi speaker independent emotion recognition encompasses the use of perceptual features with filters spaced in Equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) and BARK scale and vector quantization (VQ) classifier for classifying groups and artificial neural network with back propagation algorithm for emotion classification in a group. Performance can be improved by using the large amount of data in a pertinent emotion to adequately train the system. With the limited set of data, this proposed system has provided consistently better accuracy for the perceptual feature with critical band analysis done in ERB scale.
Industry 4.0 in Cultural Industry
Authors: Kargas Antonios , Varoutas Dimitrios
Published: December 2019

This chapter enlightens how Industry 4.0 is gradually implemented in Cultural Industry. Even though Industry 4.0 started from manufacturing, it soon expanded to less technologically consuming industries, such as the Cultural, creating new opportunities especially in the field of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technologies. Taking into account existing research on Industry 4.0 and its main technologies and existing research and projects on Cultural Heritage's aspects related with the 4th Industrial Revolution, the chapter investigates how Industry 4.0 is implemented into Cultural Sector from a technological point of view, but moreover to investigate its potential role.
Advanced Digital Processes for the Survey
Authors: Trizio Ilaria , Brusaporci Stefano , Savini Francesca , Maiezza Pamela , Tata Alessandra , Giannangeli Alessandro
Published: December 2019

This chapter presents a process for the study of an architectural and archaeological heritage. It is an interdisciplinary work carried on with the integration of different digital systems for surveying and managing data. An innovative methodological approach is presented, based on the HBIM for 3D digital management of data, related to the analysis of masonry techniques, of conservation and damage, paying particular attention to the masonries 3D stratigraphic study. A specific focus is on the use of HBIM to design the restoration yard. The case study is the church of San Cipriano, located near the small country of Castelvecchio Calvisio in the province of L'Aquila (Italy).
Semantics and Architecture
Authors: Cera Valeria
Published: December 2019

In the field of cultural heritage, a significant amount of research has been conducted to allow domain experts to represent semantic data while keeping spatial references. The organization of architectural shapes in significant concepts, in the context of semantic annotation, is carried out in various ways. This chapter analyzes them, highlighting some substantial questions: the semantic ambiguity and the uncertainty. These questions are addressed after a careful reflection on the theoretical basis for a semantic reading of architecture. The chapter proposes some operative solutions: the use of an international thesaurus to resolve linguistic ambiguity; the coding of semantic maps to solve the annotation uncertainty.
Concepts and Interactions of Personalization, Collaboration, and Adaptation in Digital Learning
Authors: Tadlaoui Mouenis Anouar , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: December 2019

There are several ways learners can interact when studying, and each of these ways requires a somewhat different mix of media and technology to be adapted to each learner in a personalized way. Through this chapter, the authors try to link personalization, collaboration, and adaptation in digital learning. To do so, they begin by defining digital learning after giving a historical overview of the concept. Then they define the notion of the group in learning and the place of the individual in the group. Also they describe the concept of personalization, and at the same time, they adjust the meaning of personalization in digital learning. To define the concept of collaboration, they situate the place of the individual in the group in digital learning, so they could define the notion of adaptation; and they define the role of adaptation in digital learning. Finally, they present the different interactions between the three concepts in digital learning.
Between Pedagogy and Andragogy
Authors: Khaldi Maha , Erradi Mohammad
Published: December 2019

In this chapter, the authors define pedagogy after having given an insight into so-called new pedagogies, comparing them with traditional pedagogy. Then they define the different types of pedagogies by offering examples each time. And they then define andragogy after proposing a historical overview of the concept. Then the authors define the principles of andragogy. Finally, they propose a comparison between pedagogy and andragogy according to the researchers' points of view by first proposing a comparison between the child and the adult.
Generative Adversarial Neural Networking of Agents
Authors: Soloviev Vladimir , Chernyshenko Vsevolod , Feklin Vadim , Zolotareva Ekaterina , Titov Nikita
Published: December 2019

The chapter is devoted to the problem of analytical analysis of implementation of generative-competitive neural networks in predicting the state of financial markets (particularly to predict future moments of changing market conditions) based on the use of convolutional and generative neural networks, as well as reinforcement training. An algorithm for predicting future moments of trend change under concrete market conditions based on generative adversarial networks was developed. Special software that realizes algorithms for predicting future moments of changing market conditions, based on the algorithms mentioned above was designed.
Avatar-Based Control and Development of Neuron Multi-Functional Platforms for Transformation Processes in the Digital Economy
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Chernyshenko Serge V. , Aleshina Ekaterina
Published: December 2019

The diverse sectors of the economy are subject to transformational processes in the digital economy. The reason for the rapid digital progress based on a functioning mechanism and the great attention to this transformation are the only economic reasons for reducing the costs of the transformation elements that are present in every product and, along with the transformation, affect mainly all sectors of the economy. For example, in the European Union there is a Permanent Forum on the digital teaching of environmental disciplines. In authors' opinion, the existing transformation models are extremely useful in connection with the decision of Russia and the EAEU member countries on the transformation of Digital Economy. This chapter sets the task of managing on the basis of avatars and developing neural multifunctional technological platforms for transformation processes in Digital Economy as based on the analysis of world experience in the use of digital technologies in teaching environmental disciplines and Triple H Avatar.
Emerging Perspectives on Using Avatar-Based Management Techniques for Internet User Investigations
Authors: Gamidullaeva Leyla Ayvarovna , Vasin Sergey Mikhailovich , Chernetsova Nadezhda , Shkarupeta Elena , Kharicheva Dina , Gerasimenko Maria
Published: December 2019

This chapter shows that statistics collection methods are the same for various types of websites. Often, a simple “counter” is used for both unique visitors to the site and the total number of hits to the site from unique and previously registered users. Speaking of a “digital” or “smart” economy, authors distinguish different categories (levels) of development: analysis, content of business intelligence, large data warehouses. Business analytics can be divided into a number of parts: modeling and analysis of system dynamics, expert systems and databases; knowledge and technology; geographic information (geo location); system analysis and design. The various methods and forms of information (statistical models) used to identify non-trivial patterns and propose solutions are often associated today with the concept of data mining. Intelligent data analysis involves the use of knowledge from a complex of data (databases). According to experts, data mining is one of the elements that is part of the process (database management system), which includes the analysis and cleaning of data.
Authentication of Smart Grid
Authors: Muñoz Melesio Calderón , Moh Melody
Published: December 2019

The electrical power grid forms the functional foundation of our modern societies, but in the near future our aging electrical infrastructure will not be able to keep pace with our demands. As a result, nations worldwide have started to convert their power grids into smart grids that will have improved communication and control systems. A smart grid will be better able to incorporate new forms of energy generation as well as be self-healing and more reliable. This paper investigates a threat to wireless communication networks from a fully realized quantum computer, and provides a means to avoid this problem in smart grid domains. We discuss and compare the security aspects, the complexities and the performance of authentication using public-key cryptography and using Merkel trees. As a result, we argue for the use of Merkle trees as opposed to public key encryption for authentication of devices in wireless mesh networks (WMN) used in smart grid applications.
A Pairing-based Homomorphic Encryption Scheme for Multi-User Settings
Authors: Wei Zhang
Published: December 2019

A new method is presented to privately outsource computation of different users. As a significant cryptographic primitive in cloud computing, homomorphic encryption (HE) can evaluate on ciphertext directly without decryption, thus avoid information leakage. However, most of the available HE schemes are single-user, which means that they could only evaluate on ciphertexts encrypted by the same public key. Adopting the idea of proxy re-encryption, and focusing on the compatibility of computation, the authors provide a pairing-based multi-user homomorphic encryption scheme. The scheme is a somewhat homomorphic one, which can do infinite additions and one multiplication operation. Security of the scheme is based on subgroup decision problem. The authors give a concrete security model and detailed security analysis.
Homomorphic Encryption as a Service for Outsourced Images in Mobile Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Ibtihal Mouhib , Driss El Ouadghiri , Hassan Naanani
Published: December 2019

The integration of cloud computing with mobile computing and internet has given birth to mobile cloud computing. This technology offers many advantages to users, like Storage capacity, Reliability, Scalability and Real time data availability. Therefore, it is s increasing fast and it is inevitably integrated into everyday life. In MCC, data processing and data storage can be migrated into the cloud servers. However, the confidentiality of images and data is most important in today's environment. In this paper, we mainly focus on secure outsourcing of images. For this purpose, we propose a secure architecture composed by two clouds a private cloud dedicated for encryption/decryption and a second public cloud dedicated for storage. We have implemented the first cloud using openstack while respecting the encryption as a service concept. As an encryption scheme, we have used paillier's homomorphic cryptosystem designed specifically for images. The test of the homomorphic property is done by applying the Watermarking algorithm DWT.
The Development of Industrial Districts in Ecuador
Authors: Martín Mayoral Fernando , Curiazi Roberta , Barrera Cinthya
Published: December 2019

This chapter analyses the leather goods and leather wear conglomerate of Quisapincha, Province of Tunguragua (Ecuador), in order to establish its contribution to the socio-economic development of the territory and determine whether it can be considered an industrial district in the Marshallian-Becattinian sense, represented by Prato. The main results of the qualitative analysis show that the Quisapincha conglomerate is still in a state of embryonic development of the district model, where there is no industrial atmosphere that allows for collective efficiency. The formation of micro-networks among some of its companies, which could potentially generate a district effect as in the case of Prato, clashes with an almost absent panorama of subcontracting initiatives and adequate institutional support. The economic decline evidenced in recent years could be reversed by encouraging vertical and horizontal integration processes between companies with a potential coordinating agent (the Italian ‘Impannatore'), represented by the firm Curtiembre Quisapincha.
Digital Transformation and Change Management at Organizations in the Textile Industry
Authors: De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen
Published: December 2019

Organizational changes are required for the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) at firms operating in the textile industry. Technologies for a new way of doing things will not provide good results if applied to an old established process. ICT allows putting into action processes in a different way, which may result in many cases, in more efficient and convenient process from the perspective of customer value generation. Textile firms highly invest in digital transformation to get new business models that constitute a challenge for traditional ways to operate. For that, they must face organisational changes. Change management implies leaving a group of structures, procedures, and behaviours and the adoption of new ones. Organizations must be able to identify potential efficient processes as a consequence of the application of new technologies. An appropriate management of more tangible aspects—equipment, financial resources—and intangible ones—people, users, and perceptions—will have impact on change management results.
Etnika
Authors: Varela Sandra C. , Pilamunga Marcelo , Santamaría Jorge L.
Published: December 2019

Currently, the Ecuadorian footwear industry faces competitiveness problems with products that enter the country with advantages in terms of quality, design, and price, factors that have captured the preference of local consumers. The purpose of this work is to highlight the value of design in the footwear industry in Ecuador, contributing with a proposal focused on ethnic fashion, using typical and traditional Ecuadorian elements and forms as a strategy of differentiation in the generation of products with identity, which allow competitiveness within the national market and subsequently international. For this purpose, Etnika was born, a brand of traditional Ecuadorian women's casual footwear, that proposes the application of a business model focused on “slow fashion” based on a specific market study, which has shown preference in aspects that involve factors such as new materials, design ethics, eco-friendly manufacturing processes, fair trade, quality, and added value.
Analysis of the Ethical (and Aesthetic) Framework and Its Relation to Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Luque Arturo
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is not to produce a treatise on corporate social responsibility (CSR), but to go to a deeper level, exploring its evolution, analyzing its context, and providing a snapshot of its application and deployment in the textile sector. This study analyzes the functioning of transnational textile companies and their relationship with a favorable regulatory framework, together with their adaptation to globalization processes designed to promote their interests. This sector is characterized by elevated levels of textile production that place great demand on resources, which in turn triggers effects on the markets, environment, and working conditions in the contexts in which they operate. The exploration of this new field of legal asymmetry is necessary in order to identify its implications and to generate certainty in a large part of society. The conclusion examines the future outlook and possible consequences of emerging developments in the transnational textile sector.
Emergy Analysis and Supply Chains
Authors: Alkhuzaim Lojain , Sarkis Joseph
Published: December 2019

The growth in stakeholder pressures, broader sustainable supply chain management practices, and new economic models such as circular economy, has made sustainability a priority for organizations and their supply chains. To be able to manage their activities, programs, processes, and strategies, organizations have adopted and developed performance measures. Unlike other performance measures, emergy analysis quantitatively provides a real value for the work of nature to evaluate performance beyond the traditional measures that have been traditionally presented in the supply chain literature. This chapter offers an introductory explanation of how and what emergy analysis can offer in evaluating the environmental performance of supply chains. It will also consider not only the capabilities of emergy analysis but also the limitations and much-needed research to advance both fields, EA and SSCM.
Triggering Specialised Knowledge in the Software Development Process
Authors: Dreyer Hanna , Wynn Martin George , Bown Robin
Published: December 2019

Many factors determine the success of software development projects. The exchange and harnessing of specialized knowledge amongst and between the project team members is one of these. To explore this situation, an ethnographic case study of the product-testing phase of a new human resources management system was undertaken. Extempore verbal exchanges occur through the interplay of project team members in weekly meetings, as the software was tested, analyzed, and altered in accordance with the customer's needs. Utilizing tacit knowledge from the project members as well as the group, new tacit knowledge surfaces and spirals, which allows it to build over time. Five extempore triggers surfaced during the research generated through explicit stimuli, allowing project members to share and create new knowledge. The theoretical development places these learning triggers in an interpretive framework, which could add value to other software development and project management contexts.
Online Database Use by Science Research Scholars of Alagappa University, Karaikudi
Authors: Suresh M. , Ravi S.
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this chapter is to create awareness among the researchers about online database resources and to promote effective access to electronic products. A well-equipped and well managed library is the foundation of modern education structure. It is said that education without library services is like a body without soul, a vehicle without and engine, and building with bricks but no cement. The library is the chief instrument for accumulating and using our intellectual heritage. This research work will bring out tremendous changes in the working style of the libraries. University library is a way of making educational and research data and information available to faculty, researchers, students, and others at the institutions and worldwide. A well-structured questionnaire was employed to test the variables using statistical tools.
Impact of Social Networking Sites Among College Students With Special Reference to Rural Areas in India
Authors: Balamurugan T. , Aravinthan M.
Published: December 2019

Social networking sites over the years have changed from a few user-based sites into a phenomena that has become a platform for a huge number of users. However, the growth and development of social networking sites have brought great concerns on parents and educational authorities with respect to potential risks that are facing the university students as they use online social networking frequently for gathering information. The use of social networking sites among the university students requires much attention with increasing number of students creating profile and feeding their personal information into the sites. The increasing activity on the sites by student community can negatively impact the normal activity of students' lives. This can also become a hindrance to the academic development as well as social engagement of students. Therefore, there is a need to study, assess, and evaluate the issues revolving the usage of social networking sites among the student community. The study shows that the distribution of respondents according to their influence of SNS. It shows both section-wise distribution and their composite scores. Also, the table shows the respective mean scores and standard deviation. It may be inferred that 77.50% of the respondents have stated that the influence of SNS are high, 18.55% of the respondents have stated that the influence of SNS is moderate, and 3.95% of the respondents have stated that the influence of SNS is low. However, the composite mean score (2.72), standard deviation (0.530) depicts that the respondents have stated that the influence of SNS is high.
Crime Hotspot Detection
Authors: Eftelioglu Emre , Shekhar Shashi , Tang Xun
Published: December 2019

Given a set of crime locations, a statistically significant crime hotspot is an area where the concentration of crimes inside is significantly higher than outside. The motivation of crime hotspot detection is twofold: detecting crime hotspots to focus the deployment of police enforcement and predicting the potential residence of a serial criminal. Crime hotspot detection is computationally challenging due to the difficulty of enumerating all potential hotspot areas, selecting an interest measure to compare these with the overall crime intensity, and testing for statistical significance to reduce chance patterns. This chapter focuses on statistical significant crime hotspots. First, the foundations of spatial scan statistics and its applications (i.e. SaTScan) to circular hotspot detection are reviewed. Next, ring-shaped hotspot detection is introduced. Third, linear hotspot detection is described since most crimes occur along a road network. The chapter concludes with future research directions in crime hotspot detection.
Fruit-Fly Optimization Algorithm for Disability-Specific Teaching Based on Interval Trapezoidal Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Aeloor Deepak
Published: December 2019

Student-centric learning methodology is vital in handling specific learning disabilities (SLD) that spotlight students for the teaching-learning process, improve the effectiveness of the learning and respond to the student's need. The educational psychologist with diverse skills diagnoses a SLD in different ways which contribute to decision-making. As a result, the deviation between each decision maker matrix has to be lowered to find the optimal weights. The proposed model develops the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) based on the interval trapezoidal type-2 fuzzy number (ITrT2FN). Since the problem is multi-attribute decision making, the proposal was for a group decision-making model based on ITrT2FNs and a multi-attributive border approximation area comparison method. The model helps to ease the decision making related to the type of teaching-learning methodologies to be followed for a student with SLD. The model is tested with a ten attribute SLD problem, and a comparative study is made to measure the efficiency of the FOA.
Boosting of Deep Convolutional Architectures for Arabic Handwriting Recognition
Authors: Elleuch Mohamed , Kherallah Monji
Published: December 2019

In recent years, deep learning (DL) based systems have become very popular for constructing hierarchical representations from unlabeled data. Moreover, DL approaches have been shown to exceed foregoing state of the art machine learning models in various areas, by pattern recognition being one of the more important cases. This paper applies Convolutional Deep Belief Networks (CDBN) to textual image data containing Arabic handwritten script (AHS) and evaluated it on two different databases characterized by the low/high-dimension property. In addition to the benefits provided by deep networks, the system is protected against over-fitting. Experimentally, the authors demonstrated that the extracted features are effective for handwritten character recognition and show very good performance comparable to the state of the art on handwritten text recognition. Yet using Dropout, the proposed CDBN architectures achieved a promising accuracy rates of 91.55% and 98.86% when applied to IFN/ENIT and HACDB databases, respectively.
Applying Digital Forensics to Service Oriented Architecture
Authors: Akremi Aymen , Sallay Hassen , Rouached Mohsen , Bouaziz Rafik
Published: December 2019

Digital forensics is an emerging research field involving critical technologies for obtaining evidence in digital crime investigations. Several methodologies, tools, and techniques have been developed to deal with the acquisition, preservation, examination, analysis, and presentation of digital evidence from different sources. However, new emerging infrastructures such as service-oriented architecture has brought new serious challenges for digital forensic research to ensure that evidence will be neutral, comprehensive, and reliable in such complex environment is a challenging research task. To address this issue, the authors propose in this article a generic conceptual model for digital forensics methodologies to enable their application in a service-oriented architecture. Challenges and requirements to construct a forensically sound evidence management framework for these environments are also discussed. Finally, the authors show how digital forensics standards and recommendations can be mapped to service-oriented architecture.
Alcian blue staining to track the intracellular fate of hyaluronic-acid-based nanoparticles at transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Carton Flavia , Repellin Mathieu , Lollo Giovanna , Malatesta Manuela
Published: December 2019

The main step in the assessment of nanomaterial safety and suitability for biomedical use is the location and the dynamic tracking of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells or tissues. To precisely investigate the uptake mechanisms and intracellular fate of NPs, transmission electron microscopy is the technique of choice; however, the detection of NPs may sometimes be problematic. In fact, while NPs containing strongly electron dense (e.g., metal) components do not require specific detection methods at the ultrastructural level, organic NPs are hardly detectable in the intracellular environment due to their intrinsic moderate electron density. In this study, the critical-electrolyte-concentration Alcian Blue method set up by Schofield et al. in 1975 was applied to track hyaluronic-acid-based NPs in muscle cells in vitro. This long-established histochemical method proved to be a powerful tool allowing to identify not only whole NPs while entering cells and moving into the cytoplasm, but also their remnants following lysosomal degradation and extrusion.
Geological and geochemical data from Mackenzie corridor. Part X: reference sections of Middle-Upper
Devonian strata at Prohibition Creek, Norman Range, Northwest Territories
Authors: Kabanov P , VandenBerg R , Gouwy S , van der Boon A , Thallner D , Biggin A
Published: December 2019

The 2019 field work on Prohibition Creek (SE of Norman Wells), a joint effort of GSC-Calgary and the DEEP research group of the University of Liverpool (UK), aimed to remeasure and sample the Eifelian-Frasnian succession of the Hume Formation and the Horn River
Group. The latter is well exposed along Prohibition Creek and recommended as a reference section for the 'Canol shale play' in the adjacent Mackenzie Valley as rocks in studied outcrops occur in the zone of relatively low thermal maturity with high possibility of good preservation of primary
paleo-magnetic, organic-matter, and geochemical signals. This report delivers illustrated baseline descriptions, gamma spectrometry logs, and correlation of measured sections (=field stations), and gives startup information on the field sampling based research. Match of sections from 2019 with
sections measured in 2015 identifies a few miscorrelations in earlier versions, leading to improved gamma spectrometry empowered correlation with the subsurface.
Emerging Role of Biosimilars in Oncology-Hematology in Saudi Arabia: A Practical Perspective
Authors: Khan Mansoor A. , Aseeri Mohammed A. , Alshamrani Majed A. , Alnatsheh Abdelmajid H. , Alhamdan Hani S.
Published: December 2019

Biologics are significant drivers of globally escalating healthcare costs. Biosimilars have potential to offer cost savings with comparable efficacy and safety to innovator products and increase the access of treatment to more patients. This study aimed to increase understanding and perception of biosimilars concept. It also described the pharmacoeconomic impact of biosimilar in oncology and formulary consideration of oncology biosimilars substituting with their originators in major oncology centers in the Saudi Arabia. A biosimilar is a biological product that is similar to a reference biopharmaceutical product. As the manufacturing process hinders the ability to identically replicate the structure of the original product, biosimilar cannot be described as an absolute equivalent of the original medication. Different regulatory agencies such as United States Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Saudi Food and Drug Authority have approved several biosimilars of oncology biologics. The experience of biosimilar use in Europe and USA provides valuable insights into the use of biosimilars. The widespread use of biosimilars has the potential to reduce healthcare expenditure, as well as improving access without compromising patient outcomes. There is a need for increasing awareness about biosimilars to improve acceptance rates. The use of biosimilar filgrastim in Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia, has resulted in a significant cost saving annually. It was proposed that further substitution and switching to biosimilars in oncology would lead to major savings in resources.
Galois Groups of Even Sextic Polynomials
Authors: Awtrey Chad , Jakes Peter
Published: December 2019

Let $f(x)=x^{6}+ax^{4}+bx^{2}+c$ be an irreducible sextic polynomial with coefficients from a field $F$ of characteristic $\neq 2$, and let $g(x)=x^{3}+ax^{2}+bx+c$. We show how to identify the conjugacy class in $S_{6}$ of the Galois group of $f$ over $F$ using only the discriminants of $f$ and $g$ and the reducibility of a related sextic polynomial. We demonstrate that our method is useful for producing one-parameter families of even sextic polynomials with a specified Galois group.
An Eneolithic pottery hoard from Turnišče, NE Slovenia
Authors: Tomaž Alenka
Published: December 2019

“Pottery depot”, as a buried group of vessels, is well known term within the Bronze Age archaeology however in Neolithic and Eneolithic archaeologies the term comes into attention only rarely. In article we are discussing the case-study of Pit PO 118, discovered at site Turnišče. In the past, Pit PO 118 has been interpreted as potential storage pit or as remnants of past economic activities. In article we are considering the possibilities of its different interpretation.
Hungary
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: December 2019

Selected Issues
Annual variation characteristics of Eurasian hydrologic elements and their linkage with climate and environment changes during 1951–2015
Authors: Qin Jia , Ding Yongjian , Han Tianding , Li Junhao , Wang Shaoping , Chang Yaping
Published: December 2019

Abstract. In this paper, the variations of the lowest monthly discharge (LD), mean monthly discharge (MD), and highest monthly discharge value (HD) during 1951–2015, as well as spring snowmelt water and winter river ice change, in eleven major rivers, distributed respectively in the high-latitudes (55° N–70° N), middle latitudes (40° N–55° N), and lower latitudes (30° N–40° N) of Eurasia, were analysed. Energy and water budgets in different watersheds were compared to detect the reasons for Eurasian hydrological changes. We found that the annual LD in most Eurasian rivers was increasing since the 1950s, with rates of (5 %–8 %) per decade. But the increase rate slowed down after the late 1990s in the middle latitudes of Eurasia. Both the MD and HD in the lower latitudes of Eurasia had increasing trends during 1951–2015, while they had little changes in the high and middle latitudes. The river ice thickness and volume have been continuously reducing since the 1950s, as well as the maximum snow water equivalent. And ice period of the Eurasian rivers has shortened about 24 days. The LD trend is mostly dominated by temperature via impacting river ice thickness and extent, while the HD is mostly impacted by snowmelt water and rainfall respectively in different latitudes. Annual MD trend is controlled by evapotranspiration, especially after the late 1990s. After the late 1990s, a warm Arctic-large discharge pattern existed in the lower and high latitudes of Eurasia, but a warm Arctic- few discharge pattern in the middle latitudes (except the winter).
El negocio de las noticias falsas. El caso de "El Mundo Today"
Authors: Ufarte Ruiz María José , Sidorenko Bautista Pavel , Cantero de Julián Juan Ignacio
Published: December 2019

La finalidad de esta investigación es analizar la estructura, composición y funcionamiento de "El Mundo Today", así como sus procesos productivos y el impacto de su actividad para la empresa. Para alcanzar este objetivo se utilizará una metodología mixta, con procedimientos de tipo cuantitativo, como el cuestionario, y cualitativo, como las entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad y la observación no participante, que se aplicará sobre este diario. Se trata de una triangulación de técnicas que permitirá extraer conclusiones y aportar ejemplos de interés a la investigación. Los resultados revelan que este proyecto nació como una startup, aunque rápidamente se consolidó como empresa independiente, sostenible y rentable, que ha encontrado diferentes vías de ingresos y cuenta con equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares.
Efecto de los post en Facebook de los principales candidatos españoles en las elecciones generales de 2016 sobre la polarización de la sociedad
Authors: Abejón Mendoza Paloma , Carrasco Polaino Rafael , Garralón Miguel L.
Published: December 2019

Según Hallin y Mancini (2004), el sistema mediático español encaja en el modelo denominado como pluralismo polarizado, que describe una situación en la que los medios de comunicación no actúan como elementos independientes del poder político, sino que se entregan al proselitismo y el ataque al adversario. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar cómo se comporta la red social Facebook en relación al fenómeno de la polarización política. Se analizarán cualitativamente los post de los cuatros principales candidatos a la presidencia del Gobierno en las últimas elecciones generales (26 de Junio de 2016) durante una semana de la campaña electoral (del 19 al 25 de junio) y se valorará el nivel de polarización que generaron atendiendo al número de comentarios recibidos.
Ética en vivo. Sobre el trabajo ético en el Diagnóstico Genético Premplantatorio (PGD) en Argentina
Authors: Ariza Lucía
Published: December 2019

Este artículo presenta resultados preliminares de un estudio sobre el uso del Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantatorio (PGD) en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El PGD es una técnica utilizada en la medicina reproductiva que permite conocer la composición genética del embrión antes de su transferencia al útero. Su objetivo principal es descartar la presencia de anomalías genéticas en el óvulo fertilizado a implantar. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer de qué maneras los/as profesionales dedicados a proveer el PGD en clínicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires negocian los aspectos éticos de esta técnica. Se realizaron siete entrevistas a profesionales del campo reproductivo encargados/as de proveer PGD en el ámbito porteño. Basándose en el análisis de tres escenas que ilustran el tipo de trabajo ético que se realiza en las clínicas de fertilidad, se argumenta que las decisiones sobre qué curso de acción tomar (transferir solo un embrión sano, transferir o no embriones con anomalías) no se basan simplemente en lo que aconsejen los protocolos éticos consensuados o en el resultado obtenido en el test. Antes bien, estas decisiones están influenciadas por otros aspectos clínicos e inherentes a la situación a evaluar, como son la historia reproductiva de la persona o de la pareja, la cantidad de embriones disponibles o el tipo de conocimiento del que se dispone sobre la anomalía eventualmente encontrada. En conjunto, estos resultados iluminan la importancia de estudiar los aspectos éticos de la práctica reproductiva en su contexto específico de ocurrencia, así como contribuyen a considerar la imbricación entre las negociaciones éticas de los/as médicos/as y técnicos/as de la fertilidad y los dispositivos materiales, sociotécnicos y cognoscitivos que conforman los servicios de reproducción asistida en su conjunto.
La reproducción asistida en el contexto español: la ovodonación como motor de un modelo de negocio heteronormativo
Authors: Lafuente-Funes Sara
Published: December 2019

La reproducción asistida ha transformado la forma en que un número creciente de personas se reproduce, así como los imaginarios sociales sobre la reproducción y su potencial medicalización y comercialización. En el Estado español el sector privado ha acogido la mayor parte de los tratamientos, si bien existe también cobertura pública de los mismos (dentro de la cual se cubren un gran número de técnicas, pero existen largas listas de espera y limitaciones de acceso heteronormativas y por edad). En este artículo analizamos la expansión de la reproducción asistida unificando una revisión de la literatura existente (tanto médica como social), haciendo una revisión crítica de los datos de uso existentes (procedentes de la Sociedad Española de Fertilidad) y presentado algunos resultados de un trabajo de tipo cualitativo que analiza el papel de la donación de óvulos en las clínicas de reproducción asistida a partir de entrevistas a profesionales de las mismas. A través del análisis de estos datos cualitativos, mostramos las formas en que estas técnicas están involucradas en la reproducción de un statu quo heteronormativo, que afianza y naturaliza los roles de género intrafamiliares, a nivel tanto humano como celular.
Qué es la seguridad para el Estado chileno: análisis de discurso 1990-2016
Authors: Jorquera-Álvarez Tamara , Íñiguez Rueda Lupicinio , Piper Shafir Isabel
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer cómo se ha entendido la seguridad desde el Estado chileno durante el periodo postdictatorial. Para ello, hemos analizado un corpus de 55 documentos elaborados por distintas instancias estatales, vigentes o creados entre los años 1990 y 2016. A partir de las nociones de discurso y de dispositivo de Foucault, analizamos estos documentos en perspectiva diacrónica identificando elementos de continuidad y de cambio, delineando tres formas de entender la seguridad que han estado presentes durante el periodo estudiado: la seguridad del Estado, la seguridad de las personas y sus bienes y la seguridad en tensión con los derechos humanos. La primera de estas formas, cercana a las nociones teóricas de orden público, predomina en los discursos estatales de la primera década de postdictadura; no obstante, continúa vigente posteriormente como un sentido común. La segunda forma se vincula a los estudios de seguridad ciudadana, incorpora las percepciones de la ciudadanía y la involucra en posición de víctima. Luego, en respuesta a la visión de la seguridad como amenaza para los derechos humanos, especialmente en el marco de las manifestaciones públicas, se va construyendo una tríada de equivalencia seguridad=carabinero=derecho que busca aliar a las audiencias en contra del enemigo de este periodo: el/la manifestante, quien abre la puerta a las agresiones contra carabineros ocurridas durante las protestas callejeras.