bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TANGGUNG JAWAB ORANG TUA YANG SUDAH CERAI TERHADAP ANAK KANDUNGNYA DI TINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Subanrio Subanrio
Published: August 2023

AbstrakTanggung jawab perdata orang tua yang bercerai terhadap anak kandungnya ditinjau dari hukum Islam di kota Bengkulu. Perkawinan merupakan perjanjian sakral yang keutuhannya harus dijaga karena perkawinan bukanlah sesuatu yang bisa dipermainkan. Namun, dalam perjalanan pernikahan setiap orang tidak selalu berjalan mulus. Dalam pernikahan, ada masalah tertentu yang muncul. Ada yang mampu mempertahankan rumah tangganya, ada pula yang harus berakhir rumah tangganya sehingga terjadi perceraian. Meskipun perkawinan telah putus, pengasuhan anak tetap dilakukan oleh kedua orang tua. Merawat, merawat, dan mengasuh anak. Diatur dalam pasal 26 ayat (1) Undang-Undang nomor 35 Tahun 2014, secara harfiah dapat dilihat bahwa kewajiban dan tanggung jawab orang tua dilaksanakan sampai anak berusia 18 tahun. Faktanya masih banyak terjadi penelantaran dan pemberian nafkah bagi anak pasca perceraian orang tua. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode empiris, jenis pendekatan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap orang tua wajib menjaga anaknya meskipun perkawinan telah putus. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 41 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan yang berbunyi: (1). Baik ibu maupun ayah tetap berkewajiban mengasuh dan mendidik anak-anaknya, semata-mata atas dasar kepentingan anak, jika terjadi perselisihan mengenai penguasaan anak, Pengadilan memberikan putusan. (2). Ayah bertanggung jawab atas semua biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan yang diperlukan oleh anak, jika ternyata ayah tidak dapat memenuhi kewajiban tersebut, Pengadilan dapat menetapkan bahwa ibu bertanggung jawab atas biaya tersebut. (3). Pengadilan dapat mewajibkan mantan suami untuk memberikan biaya hidup dan/atau menetapkan kewajiban bagi mantan istri. Namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak orang tua yang lalai akan nafkah yang harus dipenuhi. Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan orang tua tidak melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya terhadap anak kandungnya: (1). Kurangnya komunikasi yang baik dari kedua orang tua pasca perceraian. (2). Ekonomi lemah. (3). Kurangnya pengetahuan agama dalam keluarga.Kata Kunci: Paraantes Tanggung Jawab Sipil, Cerai, Perkawinan
Model Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Adat Melalui Pranata Perdamaian Adat Kaum
Authors: Ma'akir Hamdani , Harijanto Andry , Subanrio Subanrio , Susetyanto Joko
Published: August 2023

Tujuan khusus penelitian adalah untuk menjelaskan dan menggambarkan: penyelesaian pelanggaran adat menurut Pranata Perdamaian Adat Kaum. Untuk mencapai tujuan khusus tersebut digunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan antropologi hukum. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Sedangkan analisis data adalah kualitatif, yang dilakukan secara terus menerus sejak awal penelitian sampai dengan akhir penelitian. Hasil penelitian adalah: Penyelesaian pelanggaran adat menurut Pranata Perdamaian Adat Kaum. Dalam penyelesaian sengketa ini pertamakali diselesaikan oleh para fungsionaris adat Kaum, yaitu terdiri dari Kepala Kaum,Wakil Kepala Kaum, Orang Tua Kaum, dan Pegawai Syarak Kaum. Apabila penyelesaian sengketa melalui fungsionaris adat Kaum tidak berhasil, maka sengketa tersebut akan dibawa oleh para pihak yang bersengketa melalui fungsionaris adat (Penghulu Adat) dari Badan Musyawarah Adat (BMA) di desa (kelurahan), kecamatan, dan kabupaten. Pranata perdamaian adat Kaum ini sifatnya tidak statis, artinya dalam menentukan denda adat setiap pelanggaran adat tidak selalu sama tetapi berdasarkan keadaan dan kemampuan para pihak yang bersengketa. Penentuan denda adat ini lebih bersifat sekunder, sedangkan yang bersifat primer adalah “damai”, yaitu adanya kehidupan antara warga adat Kaum, yang saling bantu membantu (tolong menolong atau gotomg royong), suasana persahabatan, suasana keakraban, dan hubungan kekeluargaan.
PELAKSANAAN PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK SARANG BURUNG WALET DI KABUPATEN KAUR
Authors: Octavia Mayolla , Simamora Jonny , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: August 2023

Salah satu sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Kaur adalah pemungutan terhadap Pajak Sarang Burung Walet yang diatur berdasarkan  Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Kaur Nomor 03 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pajak Sarang Burung Walet sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pemungutan Pajak Sarang Burung Walet. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pemungutan  Pajak Sarang Burung Walet belum berjalan dengan baik terlihat dari belum pernah terpenuhinya target pajak sarang burung walet setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi umum Pajak Daerah Kabupaten Kaur, pelaksanaan dan hambatan serta upaya yang dilakukan terhadap pelaksanaan Pemungutan Pajak Sarang Burung Walet di Kabupaten Kaur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris dan pendekatan non doktrinal. Yang mana hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara secara langsung kepada Kabid pendapatan BPKAD, Kepala KP2KP, dan 8 (delapan) orang Wajib Pajak.  Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pemungutan Pajak Sarang Burung Walet di Kabupaten Kaur belum terlaksana dengan baik yang disebabkan karena beberapa hambatan diantaranya belum maksimal dalam pengkajian dan pendataan oleh pemerintah daerah, kurangnya kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Kurangnya  pengadaan pejabat fungsional tertentu, Kurangnya informasi dan sosialisasi terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah, lemahnya pengawasan, dan tidak adanya sanksi yang tegas dan jelas bagi pelanggar.
 
Kata Kunci : Pajak Daerah, Sarang Burung Walet, Hambatan.
TÜRK JANDARMA TEŞKİLATI’NDA HUKUK EĞİTİMİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ
Authors: Demircioğlu İsmail Hakkı , Demircioğlu Ebru , Güven Onur , Kayıcı Kaan Özgür
Published: August 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Tanzimat Dönemi’yle birlikte iç güvenlik alanında attığı adımlar jandarma ve polis gibi kolluk kuvvetlerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağladı. Zaman içerisinde kolluk kuvvetlerini teşkilatlandırma noktasında gerçekleştirilen reform hareketleri, kolluk eğitimini geliştirme amacını taşıyordu. Bu kapsamda XIX. yüzyılın başlarında Balkan coğrafyasında kurulan Jandarma Mektepleri, ilerleyen dönemlerde Anadolu’nun çeşitli noktalarına yayılarak nitelikli jandarma personeli yetiştirmek için çalışmalar yapmıştır.

Jandarma Teşkilatı’nın kuruluşu itibariyle devlet içerisinde düzeni ve asayişi sağlamak gibi üstlendiği bazı görevleri bulunmaktadır.

Bu durumda Jandarma Okullarında yetişecek bir personelin kanun hükümlerini sahada tatbik edebilecek nitelikte hukuk bilgisine sahip olması gerekmektedir. Jandarma personeli edindiği hukuk bilgileri ölçüsünde çeşitli mülki, adli ve askeri görevler icra etmiştir. Personelin alacağı hukuk dersleri de bu noktada jandarma eğitiminin önemli bir merhalesini oluşturmaktadır.

Jandarma okullarında verilen örgün eğitimin her döneminde hukuk dersleri, eğitim müfredatında kendisine yer bulmuştur. Jandarma eğitiminde bu denli önemli rol oynayan hukuk derslerinin, bu okulların kuruluşundan günümüze kadar geçen süreçte nasıl bir değişim ve gelişim geçirdiğini irdelemek, nitelikli kolluk personeli yetiştirmede hukukun rolünü tarihsel bağlamda değerlendirmek açısından fayda sağlayacaktır. Makalede genel anlamda 1904 yılından günümüze kadar olan evrede jandarma subay ve astsubaylara verilen hukuk eğitiminin içeriği, yayımlanan müfredat programları kapsamında değerlendirilmesi, hukuk alanında okutulan ders kitapları, dönemin şartlarına göre jandarma eğitiminde yaşanan kırılma noktaları incelemeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Kullanılan kaynaklar çoğunlukla hukuk alanındaki ders müfredatlarından seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Jandarma Okullarının kuruluşundan günümüze jandarma subay ve astsubay eğitiminde okutulan hukuk derslerini değerlendirmektir. Makalede tarihsel yöntem kullanılmış; veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla elde edilmiştir.
Understanding the Under-Recognised Burden and Unmet Needs in Infants and Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Broadbent Lindsey , Moir Hannah
Published: August 2023

For this article, an interview was conducted by EMJ in June 2023 with key opinion leader, Lindsay Broadbent, Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Virology in the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. Broadbent specialises in respiratory virus–host interactions and subsequent innate immune responses, and the role of respiratory viruses in longer-term lung damage and the development of chronic lung disease.

In this interview, Broadbent discussed the global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a virus spread by micro-droplets. Broadbent highlighted RSV as a major cause of hospitalisations, particularly in children under the age of 1 year, which can impose a significant burden on health, particularly in infants, and healthcare systems globally. Broadbent provided insights into the leading risk factors of RSV, and emphasised the need for preventative measures to mitigate severe infections. Additionally, Broadbent highlighted the importance of improving the diagnosis and treatment options to address the unmet medical needs related with RSV. They called for increased awareness of RSV, and understanding of why certain infants are more susceptible to severe disease.
IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI MASYARAKAT (GELMAS) SESUAI PERATURAN BUPATI BIMA NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2019 DI KECAMATAN MONTA KABUPATEN BIMA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Suparjan Edy , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Irawan Roni
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan implementasi Program Gerakan Literasi Masyarakat (GELMAS) di Kecamatan Monta Kabupaten Bima yang didasarkan pada Peraturan Bupati Bima Nomor 35 Tahun 2019 Tentang Gerakan Literasi di Kabupaten Bima Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Desa Sakuru. Pemilihan objek tersebut disebabkan pada ketersediaan delapan indikator yang ada pada Peraturan Bupati Bima tersebut dibandingkan dengan 13 desa lain yang ada di kecamatan Monta. Manfaat penelitan ini diantaranya adalah untuk mengetahui pola implementasi gerakan literasi masyarakat di desa Sakuru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Desa, Sekertaris Desa, Kepala Urusan Kesejahteraan, Karang Taruna, Pengurus Perpustakaan Desa dan Tokoh masyarakat. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar wawancara, lembar observasi, dan alat dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif berupa triangulasi versi Miles Huberman. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa model Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Masyarakat di Desa Sakuru diantaranya adalah; (1) Kegiatan Ceramah dan Kajian Islam oleh Majelis Ta’alim; (2) Kegiatan Marawis Oleh Majelis Ta’alim dan Remaja Masjid; (3) Lomba Bacaan Ayat pendek oleh Majelis Ta’alim dan Remaja Masjid; (4) Pengenalan huruf Hijaiyah; dan (5) Bimbingan Belajar. (6) Lomba Kaligrafi; (7) Lomba Master of Ceremony.

Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Literasi, Peraturan Bupati
ANALISIS CLUSTERING DENGAN K-MEANS UNTUK PENGELOMPOKKAN PENJUALAN ELEKTRONIK PADA BATAM IT MART
Authors: Andrianto Andrianto , Elisa Erlin
Published: August 2023

This study aims to help Batam IT Mart in the process of grouping sales, and to find out data on the types of goods that are in demand and not in demand, with that sales data obtained by the store can be processed into useful information in the future. The method used in this research is the K-means Clustering which is done by grouping data into several groups and then carrying out a calculation process to get results in the form of groups of data on the types of goods that are very hot-selling, best-selling, and not-selling. The data used in this research is electronic sales data at Batam IT Mart from March 2019 to November 2022. The research has resulting 3 clusters such as cluster 0 that contained 19 items, cluster 1 that contained 2 items and cluster 2 that contained 4 items. So the conclusion drawn is the analysis and grouping using k-means clustering method can help in doing the segmentation and grouping of the sales data. From this research, it is obtained renewal in the form of a cluster that can assist in analyzing and providing segments for goods sold at Batam IT Mart.
PERANCANGAN AUGMENTED REALITY SEBAGAI PEMBELAJARAN ANATOMI MANUSIA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Apriyanto Apriyanto , Pangaribuan Hotma
Published: August 2023

Learning is a human effort in understanding basic knowledge. The learning process must meet the interactive, fun, and give students the ability to develop creativity. Interesting learning media must be applied. Human organ material is course that is not easy to understand, if you use books as a literature review. Human organ material is only limited to print media such as presentation, and books. This learning leads to a less interactive understanding, and is too monotonous, as well as learning becomes bored. Augmented reality is a medium that connects the virtual world with the real world. Augmented reality is used to facilitate learning by providing information virtually, not only used for the environment, but combining two-dimensional or three-dimensional virtual then projected into an object in real time. Augmented reality uses the android-based Marker Based Tracking method. Application creation using tools such as Unity, Vuforia, Blender. The system design method uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method or the waterfall method. The purpose of this study is the formation of an android-based augmented reality application as an interesting and more interactive learning medium for users
Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits
Authors: Wells Alicia C. , Lotfipour Shahrdad
Published: August 2023

Maternal tobacco use and nicotine exposure during pregnancy have been associated with adverse birth outcomes in infants and can lead to preventable pregnancy complications. Exposure to nicotine and other compounds in tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been shown to increases the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Additionally, recent data provided by clinical and pre-clinical research demonstrates that nicotine exposure during pregnancy may heighten the risk for adverse neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD), anxiety, and depression along with altering the infants underlying brain circuitry, response to neurotransmitters, and brain volume. In the United States, one in 14 women (7.2%) reported to have smoked cigarettes during their pregnancy with the global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy estimated to be 1.7%. Approximately 1.1% of women in the United States also reported to have used e-cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Due to the large percentage of women utilizing nicotine products during pregnancy in the United States and globally, this review seeks to centralize pre-clinical and clinical studies focused on the neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental complications associated with prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) such as alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NA), hippocampus, and caudate as well as changes to nAChR and cholinergic receptor signaling, long-term drug seeking behavior following PNE, and other related developmental disorders. Current literature analyzing the association between PNE and the risk for offspring developing schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, and obesity will also be discussed.
Planktonic foraminifera fluxes and their response to the Asian Monsoon: insights from the Maldives, Indian Ocean
Authors: Cariño Maria Caezare Mae R. , Peleo-Alampay Alyssa M. , Wiesner Martin G. , de Silva Leopoldo P. , Lahajnar Niko , Betzler Christian , Fikree Ibrahim , Lüdmann Thomas
Published: August 2023

This study describes seasonal changes in the fluxes of planktonic foraminifera in response to changes in environmental conditions during the Asian Monsoon. Sediment trap systems were deployed for a period of 1 year at two locations in the Maldives: Kardiva Channel and Inner Sea. Twenty-six (26) planktonic foraminifera were recognized, of which six species (Trilobatus sacculifer, Globorotalia menardii, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina siphonifera, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and G. bulloides) dominated the assemblage (82%–84%) in both sites. Planktonic foraminifera fluxes and chlorophyll-a concentrations are higher in the Inner Sea. Total planktonic foraminifera fluxes show preference to high nutrient conditions during monsoon periods. Planktonic foraminifera fluxes generally follow the trend of carbonate fluxes except during October-November 2014. Species flux generally reached maximum during the NE monsoon as a response to increase in nutrient concentration brought by the movement of the North Equatorial Current over the trap sites. The expansion of nutrient-rich surface waters, occurring eastward during the SW monsoon and westward during the NE monsoon, led to an increase in the population of species dwelling in both shallow (T. sacculifer and G. ruber) and deep waters (N. dutertrei and G. bulloides). Dominance of shallow-dwelling species T. sacculifer and G. ruber throughout the sampling period suggests stable stratification of the water column. This supports the idea of wind-mixing rather than local upwelling as the driving force for enrichment of nutrients and subsequent increase in planktonic foraminifera fluxes. Lateral advection and resuspension in settling of particles to the traps is evident based on the presence of benthic foraminifera in the Inner Sea samples. These processes, however, did not significantly mask climate and surface ocean signals since there remains a clear correlation between planktonic foraminifera fluxes and environmental conditions.
A fluid identification method for caved-fracture reservoirs based on the stacking model
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lin Zongpeng , Lai Qiang , Chen Weifeng , Wu Zhenguan
Published: August 2023

It is difficult to identify the fluid properties with one single logging curve in a caved-fracture reservoir due to multi-stage tectonism, diagenetic evolution, rapid lithology change, developed fractures, and significant heterogeneity. Therefore, a stack generalization-based method is proposed for improving fluid identification accuracy. First, a traditional method with cross-plots is adopted by coring and logging data, but it is found that the identification effect of the caved-fracture reservoir fluid is poor. Second, based on the cross-plot, a correlation analysis is conducted to select sensitive logging parameters such as resistivity, compensated neutron, density, acoustic, and total hydrocarbon, which reflect changes in fluid properties, as feature vectors for the identification of fluid types in caved-fracture reservoirs. Third, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, decision tree, and stochastic gradient descent classification are selected as the base learners. 80% of the data sample points and the remaining 20% are selected as training and test samples for building the stacking models to verify the prediction accuracy of the model. Finally, a fully connected neural network is used as a meta-learner to control the final output. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the stack generalization method can reach 88%. Compared with the cross-plot and single machine learning discriminant model, the fluid identification method based on the stack generalization model has a better effect and can improve the fluid identification effect of caved-fracture reservoirs in the study area.
Students’ technology acceptance of computer-based applications for analyzing animal behavior in an out-of-school lab
Authors: Henrich Marvin , Formella-Zimmermann Sandra , Gübert Jennifer , Dierkes Paul W.
Published: August 2023

Behavioral biology is a field that students find fascinating. To get the most out of the various benefits of teaching it, a practical approach should be followed. One way to do this is to use video recordings of animals which are analyzed using various software. However, learners will only benefit from this approach if they choose to actually use the provided technology. Therefore, it is critical to survey learners’ acceptance towards the use of software in the field of behavioral biology. For this purpose, 171 students were questioned at an out-of-school student lab called “KILab.” By applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we investigated students’ acceptance of authentic behavior evaluation software and possible factors influencing it. In addition, potential effects of the student lab on attitudes toward artificial intelligence and technology affinity were examined. The results show a high technology acceptance toward the used software and a dependence of this on the factors technology affinity and acceptance toward artificial intelligence. Furthermore, the use of the software has a positive impact on the self-assessed technology affinity and attitude toward artificial intelligence.The study thus shows that the use of video recordings and software for behavior analysis is generally suitable for educational use and can be a possible extension of the practical implementation of behavioral science education.
The association of hypogonadism with depression and its treatments
Authors: Indirli Rita , Lanzi Valeria , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Ferrante Emanuele
Published: August 2023

According to World Health Organization estimates, 5% of the adult population worldwide suffers from depression. In addition to the affective, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms which characterize this mood disorder, sexual dysfunction has been frequently reported among men suffering from depression. The most common sexual manifestations are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and orgasmic disorder. In addition, epidemiological studies have documented a reduction of testosterone concentrations in men with depression and, for these reasons, depressive disorders appear as one possible cause of male functional hypogonadism. Moreover, some largely used antidepressant medications can cause or worsen sexual complaints, thus depression and its treatments rise several andrological-relevant issues. The other way round, men with hypogonadism can manifest depressed mood, anxiety, insomnia, memory impairment which, if mild, may respond to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, the prevalence of functional hypogonadism in depression, and of depressive symptoms in hypogonadal men, is not known. Severe depressive symptoms do not respond to TRT, while the effect of treating major depression on functional hypogonadism, has not been investigated. Overall, the clinical relevance of each condition to the other, as well as the physiopathological underpinnings of their relationship, are still to be clarified. The present review summarizes current evidence on the influence of testosterone on mood and of depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis; the clinical association between male hypogonadism and depression; and the reciprocal effects of respective treatments.
Impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Shangyu , Zhang Ruya , Carr Richard David , Deacon Carolyn F. , Zheng Yiman , Rajpathak Swapnil , Chen Jingya , Yu Miao
Published: August 2023

Aims

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) confers a variety of metabolic benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on GIP levels in T2DM patients.

Methods

Medline (PubMed), CENTER (Cochrane Library), and Embase (Ovid) were searched and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of DPP4 inhibitors on fasting and postprandial GIP levels were obtained. For postprandial GIP, only studies with the data of GIP changes reported as the total area under the curve (AUCGIP) using a meal or oral glucose tolerance test were included. A random-effects model was used for data pooling after incorporating heterogeneity.

Results

Overall, 14 RCTs with 541 T2DM patients were included. Compared to placebo/no treatment, the use of DPP4 inhibitors significantly increased the fasting GIP level (standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–1.05, P<0.001; I2 = 52%) and postprandial AUCGIP (SMD: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.64, P<0.001; I2 = 65%). Influence analysis by excluding one dataset at a time showed consistent results. Sensitivity analyses only including studies with radioimmunoassay showed also consistent results (fasting GIP: SMD: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.51–1.00, P<0.001; I2 = 0%; and postprandial AUCGIP: SMD: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.18–1.78, P<0.001; I2 = 54%). Further subgroup analyses demonstrated that the influence of DPP4 inhibitors on fasting and postprandial GIP levels in T2DM patients was not significantly changed by study characteristics such as study design, patient mean age, baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration, body mass index (BMI), background treatment, treatment duration, or method for postprandial GIP measurement (all P for subgroup effects <0.05).

Conclusion

The use of DPP4 inhibitors effectively increases the fasting and postprandial GIP concentrations in T2DM patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022356716.
Predictors of successful outcome after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism
Authors: Saadi Ahmed , Bedoui Mohamed Ali , Zaghbib Selim , Boussaffa Hamza , Mokaddem Seif , Nacef Ibtissem Ben , Ayed Haroun , Derouiche Amine , Khiari Karima , Chakroun Marouene , Ben Slama Riadh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) is the most frequent surgically curable form of endocrine hypertension. Adrenalectomy is the cornerstone of treatment for UPA, but outcomes after surgery are variable. The cause of resistant hypertension after surgery is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate cure rates after surgery and to evaluate preoperative factors that might influence the surgical outcome.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2021, the charts of 71 Tunisian patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for UPA were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative medical records were collected and follow-up data (1-158 months) were registered. Antihypertensive medication doses were calculated using defined daily doses (DDD) and postoperative outcomes were assessed using the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criterion.

Results

Of 91 enrolled patients, 71 (59% women, mean age 46 years, median length of follow-up 21 months) were suitable for evaluation. Thirty-four patients (48%) had complete clinical success according to the PASO criteria. The most relevant factors associated with complete clinical success on univariate analysis were: absence of diabetes (p= 0.007), low body mass index (BMI) (p= 0.001), lower preoperative DDD (p= 0.01), preoperatively controlled blood pressure (p= 0.024), higher plasma aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) (p= 0.001), adenoma subtyping (p <0.001) and aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) (p= 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the major predictors of complete clinical success were absence of diabetes (OR: 5.205), a BMI < 30 (OR: 4.930), a plasma ARR > 332 (OR: 4.554) and an ARS ≥ 3 (OR: 2.056).

Conclusion

Complete and partial clinical response rates were achieved in respectively 48 and 43% of cases. The main predictors of complete resolution of hypertension were absence of diabetes, low BMI, high plasma ARR and high ARS. Taking these factors into account may help identify patients at risk of persistent postoperative hypertension who may require long-term surveillance and medication.
Assessment of dyspneic sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mizab Chadia , Sánchez Enric , Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla Liliana , Balsells Núria , Arqué Anaïs , Ruano Raquel , Mateu Magda , Zorzano-Martínez Marta , Pomés Anna , García-Aguilera Esther , Martí Raquel , Manzanares José María , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael , Lecube Albert
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be considered a susceptible group for pulmonary dysfunction. So, we aimed to evaluate the sensation of breathlessness in this population by administering two well-validated questionnaires.

Methods

This is a crosssectional study with 592 people without known respiratory disease (353 with T2D) who answered the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire. In addition, 47% also responded to the St George Respiratory Questionnaire, a specific instrument designed to be applied to patients with obstructive airway disease.

Results

Patients with T2D showed a higher mMRC score in comparison to the control group [1.0 (0.0 – 4.0) vs. 0.0 (0.0 – 4.0), p<0.001]. A higher prevalence of subjects with mMRC ≥2 was observed in T2D that in the control group (20.2% vs. 11.6%, p=0.004). Participants with T2D and mMRC ≥2 showed a higher HbA1c (8.2 ± 1.6% vs. 7.8 ± 1.6%, p=0.048), longer T2D evolution and higher prevalence of nephropathy. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of T2D [OR=1.95 (1.19 to 3.22), p=0.008] in all the population, and HbA1c [OR=1.19 (1.01 to 1.41), p=0.034] and the presence of diabetic nephropathy [OR=2.00 (1.14 to 3.52), p=0.015] in patients with T2D, predicted a mMRC ≥2. Finally, no differences were observed regarding the SGRQ score among groups.

Conclusions

Patients with T2D showed a greater sensation of dyspnea than subjects with normal carbohydrate metabolism. Risk factors included poor metabolic control and the presence of renal disease.
Satisfaction evaluation of a just energy transition policy: evidence from China
Authors: Cheng Haiyun , Dong Mingniu , Zhou Cheng
Published: August 2023

China has declared that it will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and energy transition will play a primary role in this process. This transition will encourage leapfrog development in efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. However, energy transition is often accompanied by social risks and injustices, which can be effectively addressed only by incorporating a just energy transition (JET) into the policy process. In this paper, three policy dimensions (material compensation, livelihood maintenance, and social development) associated with 13 policies designed to promote a JET in China are categorized. In addition, the satisfaction of vulnerable groups with these policy approaches is evaluated according to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and via second-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). The results of a satisfaction evaluation of 1,329 vulnerable people who have been laid off, forced to immigrate, fallen into energy poverty, had their rights and interests violated, etc., indicate that the overall satisfaction rate with a JET is 0.404 (the total values of “very satisfied” and “satisfied”), i.e., less than half. Accordingly, China still faces clear JET challenges and should rely on the collaborative promotion of four multi-responsible actors: the government, enterprises and trade unions, social organizations, and individuals. Only through this process can social resources be widely absorbed and mobilized to foster cross-boundary discussions and ensure that no vulnerable populations are left behind. This study thus enriches policy research on energy transition, providing an opportunity to expand the academic horizon of JET as a research field. Furthermore, this study may also inspire policymakers to pay more attention to JET, offering references for subsequent policy improvement.
Are farmers willing to enter the forestry property market? Evidence from collective forest areas in southern China
Authors: Han Yaqing , Wang Qiangqiang , Wei Yuanzhu
Published: August 2023

The Chinese government encourages farmers to enter the forestry property market for forestry property trading and promotes the standardization of the forestry property trading market. Unfortunately, the development of the forestry property market is still very slow. Farmers are the most important subject of mountain and forest management and the micro foundation of forestry property market operation, and their active market participation is the key to the healthy development of forestry property market. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper used the survey data of farmers in collective forest areas in three southern provinces of China to reveal the psychological decision-making process of farmers entering the forestry property market by structural equation model (SEM). The research results show that: (1) Farmers’ behavioral attitudes (AB), subjective norms (SN) and perceptual behavioral control (PBC) positively influence farmers’ willingness to enter the forestry property market. (2) An important reason why farmers’ intentions are largely not effectively translated into behavior is the constraint of PBC. (3) Reducing the risk of transfer and maintaining the interests of both parties constitute the main factors of AB, and the greatest external pressure on farmers’ willingness to enter the forestry property market comes from the opinions of village collectives. (4) PBC has a significant impact on behavior, where unfamiliarity with the forestry property market is the main factor affecting farmers’ PBC. Therefore, the government should further strengthen the propaganda of forestry property right market, improve the market service system, reduce the transaction cost, introduce specific encouragement policies and measures, and effectively consider farmers’ interest demands on forestry property trading; in addition, the power of grassroots organizations should be emphasized when formulating forestry property trading policies.
Impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination on female ovarian reserve: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Jialyu , Guan Tianshu , Tian Lifeng , Xia Leizhen , Xu Dingfei , Wu Xingwu , Huang Lingling , Chen Mengyi , Fang Zheng , Xiong Chaoyi , Nie Liju , Wang Shuang , Li Zengming , Zhao Yan , Wu Qiongfang
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To explore the impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination on ovarian reserve as assessed by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration.

Methods

A total of 3160 women were included in this single-center retrospective cohort study between June 2021 and October 2022. Vaccination information were collected from official immunization records available in personal mobile apps. Serum AMH was qualified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and compared with previous measurement data within three years. Women were categorized to the vaccinated group if they received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm or Sinovac) between AMH tests (n = 488), and to the control group if not vaccinated (n = 2672). Propensity score matching and multivariate linear regression were performed to control for potential confounders. The main outcome measures were the numeric AMH change and percentage AMH change between the two tests.

Results

There were 474 women left in each group after matching all baseline characteristics. The mean interval from the first to second AMH measurement was 508.0 ± 250.2 and 507.5 ± 253.6 days for vaccinated and unvaccinated women, respectively (P = 0.680). Both groups had a significant AMH decrease in the second test compared with the first test (P = 0.001). However, the second AMH level remained comparable between groups (3.26 ± 2.80 vs. 3.24 ± 2.61 ng/mL, P = 0.757). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in numerical (-0.14 ± 1.32 vs. -0.20 ± 1.56 ng/mL, P = 0.945) and percentage (2.33 ± 58.65 vs. 0.35 ± 48.42%, P = 0.777) AMH changes. The results were consistent in sub-analyses for women aged <35 and ≥35 years. There were also no significant differences when vaccinated women were divided according to the time interval after vaccination: ≤30, 31–60, 61–90, and ≥91 days.

Conclusion

Our study provides the first evidence that inactivated COVID-19 vaccination has no measurable detrimental effect on ovarian reserve, regardless of female age and vaccination interval. This reassuring finding adds to the safety evidence of COVID-19 vaccine in fertility, and should be useful to promote vaccine acceptance. Multicenter prospective cohort studies are needed to validate our conclusion.
Myeloid-associated differentiation marker is associated with type 2 asthma and is upregulated by human rhinovirus infection
Authors: Tanyaratsrisakul Sasipa , Dy Alane Blythe C. , Polverino Francesca , Numata Mari , Ledford Julie G.
Published: August 2023

Background

Human rhinoviruses are known to predispose infants to asthma development during childhood and are often associated with exacerbations in asthma patients. MYADM epithelial expression has been shown to associate with asthma severity. The goal of this study was to determine if MYADM expression patterns were altered in asthma and/or rhinovirus infection and if increased MYADM expression is associated with increased asthma-associated factors.

Methods

Utilizing H1HeLa cells and differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells (AECs), we measured the expression of MYADM and inflammatory genes by qRT-PCR in the presence or absence of RV-1B infection or poly I:C treatment and with siRNA knockdown of MYADM. Expression of MYADM in the asthmatic lung was determined in the ovalbumin (ova)-challenged murine model.

Results

MYADM expression was upregulated in the lungs from ova-treated mice and in particular on the subsurface vesicle membrane in airway epithelial cells. Upon infection with RV-1B, human AECs grown at an air–liquid interface had increased the MYADM expression predominantly detected in ciliated cells. We found that the presence of MYADM was required for expression of several inflammatory genes both in a resting state and after RV-1B or poly I:C treatments.

Conclusions

Our studies show that in a mouse model of asthma and during RV-1B infection of primary human AECs, increased MYADM expression is observed. In the mouse model of asthma, MYADM expression was predominantly on the luminal side of airway epithelial cells. Additionally, MYADM expression was strongly associated with increases in inflammatory genes, which may contribute to more severe asthma and RV-linked asthma exacerbations.
Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: a research review
Authors: Su Min , Tang Ting , Tang Weiwei , Long Yu , Wang Lin , Liu Meiling
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a significant chronic endocrine/metabolism disorder that can result in a number of life-threatening consequences. According to research, the gut microbiota is strongly linked to the development of diabetes, making it a viable target for diabetes treatment. The intestinal microbiota affects intestinal barrier function, organism immunity, and thus glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. According to research, a disruption in the intestinal microbiota causes a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alters the metabolism of bile acids (BAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and endotoxin secretion, resulting in insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Astragali Radix is a medicinal herb of the same genus as food that has been extensively researched for treating diabetes mellitus with promising results in recent years. Polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and other components are important. Among them, Astragaloside has a role in protecting the cellular integrity of the pancreas and liver, can leading to alleviation of insulin resistance and reducing blood glucose and triglyceride (TC) levels; The primary impact of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on diabetes is a decrease in insulin resistance, encouragement of islet cell proliferation, and suppression of islet β cell death; Astragali Radix flavonoids are known to enhance immunity, anti-inflammatory, regulate glucose metabolism and control the progression of diabetes. This study summarizes recent studies on Astragali Radix and its group formulations in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
Jasmonates disrupt carrageenan synthesis during carposporogenesis in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata
Authors: Del Rosario-Santana Diana , Robaina Rafael , Garcia-Jimenez Pilar
Published: August 2023

In this study, we monitored changes in cell wall sulfated galactans in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata after the rapid (48 h) induction of cystocarp maturation and carpospore development by the volatile hormone methyl jasmonate (MEJA). Synthesis of sulfated galactans, carrageenans, which requires sulfated UDP galactose, was followed by expression analysis of genes encoding phosphoglucomutase (PGM), galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), and those responsible for sulfate assimilation (S-transporter and sulfate adenylyltransferase, SAT). In addition, the expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase and galactose-6-sulfurylase responsible for the addition and removal of sulfate groups to the galactans backbone were evaluated. Structural changes, such as thallus softening, were analyzed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, and ploidy was assessed using flow cytometry. The results showed downregulation of most of the genes encoding precursors or those in charge of transformation into sulfated hexoses for cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, alterations in the FTIR spectrum of carrageenan from MEJA-induced fertile thalli, such as the disappearance and flattening of absorption bands, were observed. The promptness of these events and the ploidy of thalli and spores seem to confirm the induction of mitotic production of haploid spores by MEJA.
Diving on damage—the muscle transcriptome of parasitic infested harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) hints at oxidative stress but not hypoxia
Authors: Dönmez Eda Merve , Siebert Ursula , Fabrizius Andrej
Published: August 2023

The only native cetacean in German waters, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), is impacted by numerous pathological lesions in the respiratory tract mainly caused by parasites or bacteria. Although harbor porpoises have been observed to not use their complete lung volume, it has not been studied whether this insufficiency leads to lower oxygen uptake, impaired diving ability, and, ultimately, reduced foraging success. This project aims to analyze whether harbor porpoises developed novel molecular adaptations to compensate impairments in oxygen supply, thus remaining viable and competitive despite the high parasitic load. Here, initial comparative transcriptome RNA sequencing (NextSeq 2000, Illumina) was performed on muscles of harbor porpoises with a respiratory tract considered as healthy and of harbor porpoises that suffered from more severe lesions and parasitic infestations in the respiratory tract. Our findings suggest an elevated response to oxidative stress in the muscles of parasitic infested harbor porpoises compared with that of healthy animals. Higher antioxidant and antiapoptotic gene expression in the muscles of non-healthy harbor porpoises might function as a compensatory effect to enhanced reactive oxygen species production and accumulation in the muscles. Simultaneously enhanced selective proteasomal degradation and myogenesis suggest a tightly controlled, finely tuned switch of the intrinsic muscle response to stress. Lipid metabolism pathways and rate-limiting transcripts involved in glycolysis were upregulated and may uphold muscle energy supply for tissue function and energy-consuming regenerative and biosynthetic processes. These preliminary results hint at a defined response of the muscle to oxidative stress that may be caused by lung tissue with more severe pathological lesions and may indicate a possible adaptation in cetaceans.
Case report: Familial foveal retinoschisis caused by CRB1 gene mutation in a family with recessive inheritance
Authors: Liu Shu , Ren Yue , Wang Di , Xiao Dan , Li Zhuang , Xu Dan , Sun Yan , Wang Zhuoshi , Pang Jijing
Published: August 2023

X-linked retinoschisis is more common in male children and rare in females. Clinically, male patients mainly present with early onset visual impairment or vision loss, and retinal retinoschisis due to division of the inner retina. We report a long-term observation of a female patient with familial foveal retinoschisis (FFR) caused by CRB1 gene with complex heterozygotic mutation. The initial symptoms of the female patient reported in this study were very similar to some early manifestations of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) caused by RS1 mutations involving macular fovea. However, as time going on, the splitting height at retinal fovea of FFR gradually decreased, and the splitting extent at retinal fovea of FFR gradually decreased.
Impact of hyperparathyroidism and its different subtypes on long term graft outcome: a single Transplant Center cohort study
Authors: Molinari Paolo , Regalia Anna , Leoni Alessandro , Campise Mariarosaria , Cresseri Donata , Cicero Elisa , Vettoretti Simone , Nardelli Luca , Brigati Emilietta , Favi Evaldo , Messa Piergiorgio , Castellano Giuseppe , Alfieri Carlo M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

We studied the association between parathormone (PTH) levels and long-term graft loss in RTx patients (RTx-p).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 871 RTx-p, transplanted in our unit from Jan-2004 to Dec-2020 assessing renal function and mineral metabolism parameters at 1, 6, and 12 months after RTx. Graft loss and death with functioning graft during follow-up (FU, 8.3[5.4–11.4] years) were checked.

Results

At month-1, 79% had HPT, of which 63% with secondary HPT (SHPT) and 16% tertiary HPT (THPT); at month-6, HPT prevalence was 80% of which SHPT 64% and THPT 16%; at month-12 HPT prevalence was 77% of which SHPT 62% and THPT 15%. A strong significant correlation was found between HPT type, PTH levels and graft loss at every time point. Mean PTH exposure remained strongly and independently associated to long term graft loss (OR 3.1 [1.4–7.1], p = 0.008). THPT was independently associated with graft loss at month-1 when compared to HPT absence and at every time point when compared to SHPT. No correlation was found with RTx-p death. Discriminatory analyses identified the best mean PTH cut-off to predict long-term graft loss to be between 88.6 and 89.9 pg/mL (AUC = 0.658). Cox regression analyses highlighted that THPT was strongly associated with shorter long-term graft survival at every time-point considered.

Conclusion

High PTH levels during 1st year of RTx seem to be associated with long term graft loss.