bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitonic negative refraction mediated by magnetic orders
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Ma Jingwen , Wang Xiong , Hu Chong , Wang Qi , Feng Kai , Lin Zemeng , Ishihara Teruya , Yin Xiaobo , Zhang Shuang , Chen Zuxin , Liu Xiaoze , Cui Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Excitons are prevalent in many optical excitation processes and bosonic quantum phenomena in semiconductors. During their optical transitions, excitons not only emit or absorb photons, but also determine light propagation behaviours within the host medium. While the former has found numerous applications in light-emitting diodes1 and solar cells2, the latter capability of manipulating anomalous light propagation remains largely underexplored. As a quintessential example, negative refraction3-8—one of the most counterintuitive optical phenomena that bends light in the opposite direction to conventional refraction—has yet to be realized in any excitonic medium. Here, we observe excitonic negative refraction in an excitonic ‘indefinite medium’9-13, i.e., a van der Waals magnet namely chromium sulphide bromide (CrSBr)14-19. By harnessing this anomalous capability, we develop an excitonic hyperlens on an integrated nano-photonic chip, whose functionality is intriguingly mediated by the magnetic orders of CrSBr. Particularly, with the versatile tuneability through various degrees of freedom such as magnetic orders demonstrated here, excitons can fully exploit anomalous optical phenomena that are distinct from previous reports in plasmonic or phononic media. This discovery opens up exciting opportunities for sub-diffraction imaging, electromagnetic cloaking, integrated nano-photonics, and magneto-optical devices by leveraging unique properties of excitons in van der Waals magnets.
Lypd6b promotes colon tumorigenesis by inhibiting CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity through metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Liu Ting , Zeng Fanxin , Li Zuyin , Yan Xuanxuan , Cheng Leirong , Chen Haiqiang , Liu Qin , Li Xue , Li Zhao , Yao Jiaheng , Xu Dan , Chen Zhi-Nan , Wang Fengchao , Wang Jun
Published: September 2024

Lymphocyte antigen-plasminogen activator urokinase receptor domain-containing protein 6B (Lypd6b) is a newly discovered molecule associated with neuromodulation.
However, the specific role of Lypd6b in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. Here, Lypd6b knockout (Lypd6b−/−) mice were generated and an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model was established. Lypd6b−/− mice are sensitive to DSS-induced colitis but were resistant to AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis as evidenced by the decrease in the number and sizes of tumors. Lypd6b deficiency also inhibited MC38 tumor growth. Mechanistically, Lypd6b deficiency promoted activation and function of CD8+ T cells in anti-tumor response with increased glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a PI3K/mTOR/LDHA pathway-dependent manner. Furthermore, LYPD6B expression is significantly upregulated in CRC. CRC patients with low Lypd6b expression exhibited increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and altered glycolysis. Thus, Lypd6b as a negative regulator for T cell immunity promotes CRC development, providing a molecular target with therapeutic potential in CRC.
Uncovering the impact of infection routes on within-host MPXV dynamics: insights from a mathematical modeling study
Authors: Woldegerima Woldegebriel Assefa , Deng Qi , Zhang Wenjing , Asgary Ali , Kong Jude Dzevela , Flicker Sarah , Ogden Nicholas H. , Orbinski James , Bragazzi Nicola , Wu Jianhong
Published: September 2024

The unprecedented mpox outbreak in non-endemic regions during 2022-2023, which has seen a recent resurgence in late 2023-2024, poses a significant public health threat. Despite its global spread, the viral dynamics of mpox infection and the specific characteristics driving these outbreaks remain insufficiently explored. We develop mathematical models to examine the interactions between host immune responses and the virus across three distinct infection routes. These models are calibrated using viral load data from macaques infected through each of the three routes. Subsequently, we calculate the infectiousness of each infected macaque, finding that the proportion of asymptomatic infectiousness is highest in those infected via sexual contact, followed by skin-to-skin contact. These observations indicate that close contact during sexual activity is a significant route of viral transmission, with asymptomatic spread playing a crucial role in the 2022-2023 multi-country outbreak and potentially also in the 2023-2024 multi-source outbreak. Leveraging model predictions and infectiousness data, we assess the impact of antiviral drugs on interventions against mpox infection. Model simulations suggest that early administration of antiviral drugs can reduce peak viral loads, even in individuals with compromised immunity, particularly in cases of infection through skin-to-skin and sexual contact. These results underscore the importance of initiating antiviral treatment as early as possible for mpox-infected patients with compromised immune systems, such as those who are HIV-positive.
Diffusion-programmed catalysis in nanoporous material
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Panda Suvendu , Maity Tanmoy , Sarkar Susmita , Manna Arun , Mondal Jagannath
Published: September 2024

In the realm of heterogeneous catalysis, the diffusion of reactants into catalytically active sites stands as a pivotal determinant influencing both turnover frequency and geometric selectivity in product formation. While accelerated diffusion of reactants can elevate reaction rates, it often entails a compromise in geometric selectivity. Porous catalysts, including metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks, confront formidable obstacles in regulating reactant diffusion rates. Consequently, the chemical functionality of the catalysts typically governs turnover frequency and selectivity. This study presents an approach harnessing diffusion length to achieve improved selectivity and manipulation of reactant-active site residence time at active sites to augment reaction kinetics. Through the deployment of a thin film composed of a porous metal-organic framework catalyst, we illustrate how programming reactant diffusion within a cross-flow microfluidic catalytic reactor can concurrently amplify turnover frequency (exceeding 1000-fold) and enhance geometric selectivity (~ 2-fold) relative to conventional nano/microcrystals of catalyst in one-pot reactor. This diffusion-programed strategy represents a robust solution to surmount the constraints imposed by bulk nano/microcrystals of catalysts, marking advancement in the design of porous catalyst-driven organic reactions.
Current Use Value of Medicine Plants in three 1 maya communities of the Yucatan
Authors: Arguello Keyla Moo , Valle Nuria Torrescano , Gómez Laura Huicochea , Islebe Gerald
Published: September 2024

Twenty diseases were identified as being treated with herbal remedies, predominantly gastrointestinal issues (diarrhea, vomiting, stomachache, colitis, and dysentery) and chronic degenerative conditions (cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension). Cultural diseases (bad air, evil eye, fright, cold sweat) remain reported. Eighty plant species across 43 families were documented for medicinal purposes. The most culturally valued and frequently used species include rue (Ruta graveolens) with 0.42 UV and 43% FL, sour orange (Citrus aurantium) with 0.42 UV and 43% FL, oak (Ehretia tinifolia) with 0.39 UV and 39% FL, and Ts’uts’uk (Diphysa yucatanensis) with 0.36 UV and 36% FL. While the use of introduced plants is rising, native species still hold significance. Herbal medicine remains widely practiced, especially among individuals over 35, who possess the most knowledge. These Mayan communities in the Yucatan Peninsula are experiencing constant change, driven by diverse political and economic forces. The region’s rich natural resources and significant tourist value contribute to the gradual abandonment of traditional plant medicine.
The Implementation of a Hybrid Large Language Model for Adaptive Cryptographic Cyber Defense
Authors: Blackwood Ammi , Carrington Jonathan , Baryshevsky Stefan , Morrison Gregory
Published: September 2024

Cybersecurity threats have become increasingly complex and adaptive, requiring dynamic defense mechanisms that can keep pace with evolving attack vectors. The proposed hybrid cryptographic defense framework integrates machine learning through Llama, an open-source large language model, with traditional cryptographic techniques, enabling real-time adjustments to encryption protocols based on identified threats. This approach offers a novel solution to the challenge of responding to unpredictable cyberattacks, significantly enhancing the system’s ability to detect and mitigate threats with minimal latency and high accuracy. Extensive experimentation demonstrated that the hybrid algorithm outperforms baseline methods in key areas, including resource utilization, false positive and negative rates, and adaptive encryption strength. The framework’s scalability and efficiency were also highlighted through its ability to handle large data volumes in real-time, making it a robust solution for cryptographic defense in modern network environments. Through combining machine learning with cryptographic operations, the system achieves a higher level of responsiveness and resilience, addressing critical gaps in current cybersecurity solutions.
The prevalence of hypertension in people living with HIV at Senkatana ART Clinic, Maseru, Lesotho.
Authors: Selebalo Mosa , Bryden Ben , Thompson David , Sanders Jill
Published: September 2024

Background
Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney disease among other complications[1]. Hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have emerged among people living with HIV (PLHIV) as the most important prevalent contributors of non-AIDS related mortality [2, 3]. Unfortunately, limited data is available regarding the prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors associated with HTN among PLHIV in Lesotho. In this study we aim to determine the prevalence of HTN and identify risk factors associated with HTN in PLHIV in Maseru, Lesotho.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2022 at Senkatana ART clinic, Maseru, Lesotho. Participants randomly selected from among PLHIV who attended the clinic were aged 18 years and above, were on HAART for at least 12 months and provided consent. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on the socio-demographic, medical, family and behavioral history. Height, Weight and blood pressure (BP) were measured and Body mass index (BMI) calculated. HTN was defined as a systolic BP of ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥ 90 mmHg or a self-reported use of antihypertensive medication(s). Data analysis was done using excel and SAS statistical software (v9.4). Bivariable and multivariable analyses identified risk factors associated with HTN.
Results
300 patients participated in the study, of which 64% were females and 36% male. The mean age was 51 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 57% (exact 95% CI: 51.2%, 62.7%). Of those with HTN, 33.3% were newly diagnosed during this study (exact 95% CI: 26.3%, 40.9%). 69% of participants previously diagnosed with HTN had uncontrolled HTN at enrollment (exact 95% CI: 60.0%, 77.6%). Age and BMI were independent risk factors for HTN in this sample.
Conclusion
According to this study, HTN is prevalent and poorly controlled in PLHIV attending Senkatana ART Clinic and 33 percent of those with HTN were newly diagnosed. Introduction of routine hypertension prevention, diagnostic and treatment measures have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality within this population. This study provides a model for future investigation of the prevalence and management of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to determine optimal clinical practice guidelines for Lesotho. It also shows that siloed single disease oriented care misses critical co-morbidities and therefore brings evidence to support a model of comprehensive healthcare delivery.
Robust Defense Mechanisms Against Adversarial Ransomware Attacks: Implementing a Universal Network-Level Detection Filter
Authors: Schmaltz Kathrine , Thompson Samuel , Mendes Daniel , Carvalho James
Published: September 2024

Ransomware has emerged as one of the most pervasive threats in modern cybersecurity, causing significant damage through the encryption of critical data and subsequent demands for ransom payments. A novel universal network-level filter has been introduced to address the limitations of traditional detection systems, which often fail to adapt to the evolving techniques used by adversarial attacks. Through the integration of machine learning models and real-time network traffic analysis, the proposed filter dynamically identifies and mitigates both known and novel ransomware threats with minimal latency. The system's ability to generalize across diverse network environments, coupled with its scalability and adaptability, positions it as a critical advancement in ransomware defense. Experimental results demonstrate the filter’s effectiveness in reducing false negatives and maintaining high detection accuracy, even under adversarial conditions and high-traffic scenarios, highlighting its robustness and practical application in enhancing network security infrastructures.
Treinamento de suporte básico de vida: uma capacitação aos professores e funcionários da educação infantil
Authors: CARLETTO Carina Pereira de Oliveira , DIAS Rodolfo Jesus , SOBRAL Beatriz Lopes , SILVA Karoline Santana , OKADA Kamila Miwa , CANGUSSU Iara Ramony Matos
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho tem como propósito descrever a experiência vivenciada por estudantes da graduação de medicina na capacitação de professores do ensino infantil para o primeiro atendimento em relação a acidentes em ambiente escolar e munir esses profissionais de instrumentos para reduzir a cultura da hospitalização e os gastos públicos desnecessários. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de natureza descritiva do tipo relato de experiência, acerca da capacitação de Suporte Básico de Vida ministrada pelos discentes do curso de Medicina da Faculdade Pitágoras de Eunápolis e direcionada para os funcionários da educação infantil do município de Eunápolis. As experiências realizadas pelos discentes tiveram uma aceitação positiva por parte dos professores e funcionários da escola, porém, ainda é desafiadora, uma vez que, o emprego efetivo dentro das escolas, principalmente públicas, requer interesse e investimento do poder público vigente.
Preservação e conservação do Córrego da Prata: a educação ambiental como agente transformador para sociedade
Authors: MAGRI Rômulo Amaral Faustino , MELO Andiara Helena , SOUZA Guilherme Silva de , SOARES Pedro Augusto
Published: September 2024

Em Pratápolis-MG, nasce e percorre o Córrego da Prata, manancial de muita importância para a cidade. Apesar disso, o córrego encontra-se degradado com grande parte de sua mata ciliar desmatada e lançamento de esgoto. Diante disso, este trabalho promoveu a educação ambiental em escolas públicas do município, enfatizando a conservação e preservação do Córrego da Prata, por meio de palestras e atividades práticas (oficinas, visitas em campo com observação dos problemas ambientas e plantio de mudas nativas nas margens do córrego). Após a realização das atividades, notou-se que os alunos se sentiram agentes contribuintes para com o meio ambiente, além de levantarem dados importantes para análises macroscópica do córrego e para o monitoramento dos recursos hídricos. Indiretamente, o projeto teve um impacto positivo nas famílias dos participantes, uma vez que esses se tornaram multiplicadores de ideias. A comunidade local também foi beneficiada com as atividades de revitalização do córrego.
O vínculo terapêutico com o paciente com deficiência do desenvolvimento: reflexões de um projeto de extensão
Authors: VILAÇA Ênio Lacerda , CONSTANTINO Júlia Villemberg Turini , FERREIRA Amanda de Paula , MARTINS Maria Barros Lima , ANDRADE Júlia Rodrigues , LIMA Lucas Ambrósio , GUERRA Júlia Freitas Viana , COIMBRA Mariana Ramos , BATISTA Victor Santos , HORTA Rafaela Airoldi Dias , LIMA Maria Eduarda Palhares , CARVALHO Thayná Caroline Franças de Pinho , AGUIAR Felipe Diniz , SARAIVA Isadora Lima , ALVES Lucas Wagner Lima , TEIXEIRA Victoria Leonardo Machado Saber , LORENZ Gustavo Lottermann , SANTOS Cauã Gabriel dos , CASTILHO Lia Silva de
Published: September 2024

Relato de experiência de uma atividade coletiva entre os participantes do Projeto de Extensão “Atendimento Odontológico à Pessoa com Deficiência do Desenvolvimento” na qual objetivou-se conhecer, a partir dos artigos publicados durante a duração do projeto, experiências que contemplassem o vínculo terapêutico entre profissional/paciente. Foram observadas várias vivências que abrangem os domínios da Vinculação Terapêutica: gestão dos serviços da atenção básica, ações específicas da atenção básica, assistência terapêutica, participação e democratização dos serviços, competência/formação profissional e práticas educativas na Atenção Primária em Saúde e que contemplam também as diretrizes da Extensão Universitária: relação dialógica com a sociedade, impacto e transformação social, impacto na formação do estudante, interdisciplinariedade e indissociabilidade ensino/pesquisa/extensão.
STUDY OF SERUM AMMONIA IN HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SEVERITY
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru., Sreenivas MD Meghana , Jayaprakash MD Alva ,   Professor, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru.
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) encompasses a spectrum of manifestations ranging confusion and coma. Data on correlation of serum ammonia levels with grades of HE is inconsistent. This study was undertaken to find the correlation between serum ammonia levels and grades of HE. Methodology: This hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of General Medicine, from a tertiary care hospital situated in South Karnataka from November 2018 to May 2020. A total of 86 patients with HE were included in the study. Results: Majority of the patients (83.72%) were males and the male to female ratio was 5.14:1. The mean age was 54.01±11.55 years and most of the patients (36.05%) were aged from 51 to 60 years. Most of the patients had lack of awareness (47.67%) followed by disorientation (24.42%). According to West heaven criteria, most of the patients (47.67%) had grade 1 HE followed by grade 2 (24.42%), grade 3 (23.26%) and grade 4 (4.65%). The mean serum ammonia levels were 105.43±49.66 and 88.65 µg/dl. Majority of the patients (96.51%) had serum ammonia levels of >60 µg/dl. There was strong positive correlation between HE grades and serum ammonia levels (ρ=0.752; R 2 =0.455; p<0.001). Also, mean serum ammonia levels in grade 4 HE (203.50±107.87 µg/dl) were significantly high compared to grade 3 (139.20±41.48µg/dl), 2 (112.57±36.91µg/dl) and 1 (75.75±20.20µg/dl) (p<0.001). Conclusion and Interpretation: The serum ammonia level were elevated in patients with HE. There is strong positive correlation between HE grades and serum ammonia levels which corresponds to the severity of HE.
A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON STAKEHOLDER THEORY
Authors:   Laboratory for Studies and Research in Management Sciences (Lersg)., Abdeladim Nezha , Yahyaoui Taoufiq ,   Agdal Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences Mohammed V University, Rabat.
Published: September 2024

Addressing stakeholder theory involves highlighting the close relationship between observed facts and their theoretical conceptualization. This requires an indispensable transition from a superficial approach, which merely skims over various texts and points of view, to an in-depth analysis that explores the underlying fundamentals in detail. This approach invites a more nuanced understanding of how stakeholders interact with the organization, examining not only the various interests at stake but also the ethical and strategic implications of these interactions. This reveals the richness and complexity of the theory, often masked by simplified interpretations.
ADVANCES IN NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF GONARTHROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   Hassan II University Hospital, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Idrissi Ouali Oumaima , Khalil Jnyah Mohammed ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Akasbi Nessrine ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., El Mezouar Imane ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Harzy Taoufik ,   Hassan II University Hospital, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is typically the result of wear and tear andprogressive loss of articular cartilage and may eventually lead to disability. Treatment forKOA begins with conservative methods and progresses to surgical treatmentoptions when conservative treatment fails. This systematic review aims to highlight the latestadvancements in non-surgical interventions to improve the management of this commonmusculoskeletal disorder. Methods: A comprehensive search of sources available in both English and Frenchencompassing various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medicaljournals in addition to recommendations provided by prominent organizations(EULAR, ACR, SFR, SOFMER, OARSI, ESCEO, NICE, PANLAR, AAOS). Inclusion criteria were good quality systematic reviews, meta-analyses, practice guidelinesexcludingsurgicalKOA treatment. Results:We thoroughly examined a large set of 545 articles and meticulously selected 117 for detailed analysis. This carefully selected set comprised randomized controlled trials, consensus statements, international guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and reviews. Qualitative synthesis revealed widely approved nonpharmacological therapies such as information/education programs, weight loss, and physicalactivity. Most agreed on pharmacological therapies were oral and local NSAIDs, Paracetamol, and intra articular corticosteroid injection. Other treatment options were subject to controversy. Conclusion:Various options are available for the treatment of KOA. However, KOA remains a commonglobal health challenge, affecting millions and compromising the quality of life through pain, functional limitations, and associated morbidities. A comprehensive and personalized approach seems crucial in order to reduce pain, improve knee function over the long term.
Stable word complexes of comparative semantics with a component-demonym in the Swedish and Russian languages
Authors:   The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Alyoshin Aleksey , Zinovieva Elena ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to identifying of general patterns and distinctive features in the structure, meaning and evaluation of stable verbal complexes of comparative semantics of the Swedish and Russian languages with a component-demonym. Stable verbal complexes of comparative semantics with a demonic component are present in both the Swedish and Russian languages. There is a significant quantitative disproportion between stable comparisons and paremias of comparative semantics of both languages, but in the Swedish language in favor of proverbs, and in Russian — in favor of stable comparisons. It can be assumed that the names of evil spirits are more taboo in Swedish stable comparisons, and also comparative phraseological units in general were less subject to lexicographic fixation. The studied proverbs of the Swedish and Russian languages are quantitatively comparable. Structurally, the similarity of the proverbs of the two languages is manifested in the presence of such models as sentences with opposition introduced by adversative conjunctions, and sentences with the presence of a component in the comparative degree. But the analyzed Swedish proverbs are characterized by such models as sentences with adjacent components, identity sentences and sentences built according to the syntactic model “better… than…”, which are absent in the studied material of the Russian language. In turn, in the analyzed Russian proverbs one can note models that are absent in Swedish ones: sentences built on the principle of syntactic parallelism and collapsed comparison.
Drawings by Cornelis Moninckx in the Hermitage collection
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Statkevich Vladislav ,   State Hermitage Museum
Published: September 2024

The article analyses three drawings by the Dutch artist of the middle of the 17th century Cornelis Moninckx (1623–1666) from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum. Cornelis Moninckx (1623–1666) from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum are analysed. The sheets presented are published for the first time. The drawings come from three different collections, which are important components of the museum’s graphic collections. They are executed in a technique characteristic of the artist: black chalk on parchment; two drawings are signed by the author, and another was attributed by the author of this article on the basis of the stylistic features of Cornelis Moninckx’s work. Only a corpus of genre drawings, a few engravings and a design for a sculpture have survived from the master’s artistic legacy. Three finished and large-format sheets from the Hermitage collection considerably expand the known field of the master’s works. The study of Moninckx’s works from the national collection gives grounds for assumptions about the reading of the subjects. The themes chosen by the master are inextricably linked with pictorial tradition and folk humour. Moninckx turned to the work of the masters of the 16th century, in particular Pieter Bruegel the Elder, and was interested in the work of his contemporaries: Adriaen Braughel the Elder, Adriaen Brauwer, Adriaen van Ostade and others. In this scientific article, the master’s drawings are analysed from both the point of view of iconography, and formal and stylistic method, and a comparative analysis is applied. The works are put in line with other known works by the artist.
Appeal to Chinese and Foreign Culture in Dong Xi’s Novel “Echo”
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rodionova Oxana P.
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the precedent phenomena that form the cultural and historical space of the novel by the modern Chinese writer Dong Xi “Echo” (2021). In Chinese literature, references to other texts have been widely used at all times, and this tradition continues to this day. Writers of Dong Xi’s (b. 1966) generation all as one acknowledge the influence of foreign literature on their fiction. Echoes of background knowledge in one form or another fill the space of their works. The novel “Echo” is a clear confirmation of this. On its pages we found more than 80 precedent names, about 40 titles of literary and other works, as well as 15 citations. Thanks to their active use, precedent phenomena, both of Chinese and foreign origin, not only get rooted in the language, but are preserved in cultural memory and public consciousness. The wide use of precedent texts, situations, names and sayings from Chinese and foreign sources in this novel makes it possible to conduct a representative analysis and determine the content of such inclusions, their role and functions, as well as to characterize the main ways of introducing them into the fabric of the narrative. The classification of precedent phenomena according to their origin allowed us to determine the scale of the development of various cultures, as well as the peculiarities of their perception in the worldview picture of Dong Xi. Along with this, foreign readers get the opportunity to figure a cultural portrait of a modern, educated Chinese. The proposed study gives an idea of the scale and nature of the development of foreign culture in China, and also reveals the state of intercultural relations in a certain historical period. In addition, the introduction of precedent phenomena into the text of the novel can be considered as a manifestation of intertextuality in its various aspects, including a kind of game between the writer and the reader, which makes it possible to reveal the commonality of background knowledge with the author of the work.
UK legislative discrimination and the impact on Romany & Traveller WASH inequalities
Authors: Eminson Regan John
Published: September 2024

This article aims to highlight the impact of the Policing, Crime, Sentencing and Courts (PCSC) Act 2022 through the lens of historical UK anti-Romany & Traveller legislation on WASH inequalities. Of which, key aspects of 500 years of discriminatory legislation from the Tudor era to modern Britain contextualises the primary data collected in this study. Data for this study was collected via online surveys, hosted by the software Qualtrics, which was distributed by the method of snowball sampling through social media posts on the platform X, formerly Twitter, for the purpose of gathering qualitative and quantitative data regarding the experiences of discrimination relating to WASH access and the perceived impact of the PCSC Act. Respondents, of which there were 20 of predominantly ethnic Romany & Traveller backgrounds, alluded to a perceived relationship between discrimination and WASH access, and expressed concerns regarding the potential impact the PCSC Act will have upon decreasing WASH accessibility through further increasing the acceptability of anti-Romany & Traveller discrimination. Furthermore, it is concluded that the implementation of such a legislation and its culminative predecessors can be considered persecutive and a violation of the human rights to access water and sanitation.
Performance comparison of four daily weather generators for historical period and downscaling future GCM scenarios
Authors: Khazaei Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

Weather generators (WG) are one of the major tools for downscaling future scenarios of general circulation models (GCMs) for regional, especially hydrological, climate change impact assessment. A key capability of WGs in the downscaling process is their ability to transfer changes in the various statistical characteristics of weather variables, as projected by GCMs, to the downscaled series. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of four WGs for transferring the delta change of various statistical characteristics of weather variables predicted by GCMs to downscaled series. The performances of the WGs for downscaling shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 119, SSP 370, and SSP 585 scenarios of the Canadian Earth System Model version-5 (CanESM5) in six sites are evaluated. The WGs include LARS-WG, M-LARS-WG, IWG2, and D-IWG. Based on the results, overall, the performance of all the WGs in downscaling future GCM scenarios is reduced compared to the historical series simulation. However, IWG2 and M-LARS-WG by having monthly components performed better than D-IWG and LARS-WG, respectively. So, it is suggested that in addition to evaluating the performance of WGs in the simulation of historical variables, their performance in downscaling the future scenarios of the climate models should also be evaluated.
The relationship between well-being, social engagement, and the role of the state in realizing civic happiness
Authors: Fahmi Rizal , Suryadi Karim
Published: September 2024

Happiness is an important aspect of a country's life, even in the study of public policy making happiness the main goal. Happiness comes from internal factors that come from personal motivation and motivation for something, while external factors come from various conditions outside of oneself, the focus in this research is external factors (such as government public policy). The problem of making public policy only limited to political decisions results in neglecting the happiness of citizens. This research aims to examine social aspects based on various previous studies that have contributed to citizen happiness. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature studies, materials derived from journals and books are the main sources used as units of analysis. The results show that social aspects, such as population, welfare, religion, social capital, and social engagement have an impact on happiness. Creating public space in developing various social aspects is an important thing that needs to be done so that citizens have broad access to develop themselves and feel happiness in the public space created by the state.
Transformation of Pancasila Student Profile: Integration of religious dimensions through school culture and character education in elementary schools
Authors: Indriani Fitri , Cahyanti Ganis , Tumiran Mohd Amzari
Published: September 2024

The transformation of the Pancasila Student Profile is a key effort in shaping the character and national identity of students in Indonesia. This study explores integrating religious dimensions into school culture to strengthen the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile at the elementary school level. The research method used is a literature study, in-depth analysis of educational policies, school practices, and relevant character education theories. The focus of this study is on implementing religious values as an integral part of school culture and its impact on the formation of student attitudes and behaviours through the Pancasila Student Profile. The literature reviewed includes various studies and reports highlighting the importance of religious values in character education and models of success from schools that have successfully integrated this dimension. The study results indicate that integrating religious values into school culture significantly strengthens students' commitment to the principles of Pancasila and contributes to the formation of characters that are more virtuous, responsible, and caring about the social environment. This study concludes that effective transformation of the Pancasila Student Profile requires a holistic approach involving all school elements in instilling positive religious and cultural values. Practical recommendations for educators and policymakers include developing curricula sensitive to religious values and increased training for teachers to support effective integration in school settings.
Improving critical thinking skills in civic education based on project citizen building awareness of environmental issues
Authors: Rafzan Rafzan , Belladonna Aprillio Poppy , Saputra Endarman
Published: September 2024

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French Versions of 4 English Questionnaires on Problematic Smartphone Use: Cross-Cultural Linguistic Translation and Adaptation Study
Authors: El Boudi Islam , Riant Mathilde , Bellier Alexandre , Vuillerme Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Background

Excessive use of smartphones is recognized as a major problem in our modern society and can have dramatic consequences on the health of adolescents and young adults. Measuring problematic smartphone use in research and clinical practice is generally operationalized with self-reported questionnaires. In order to comprehensively assess the issue of problematic smartphone usage within the French population, it is imperative to employ validated French-language questionnaires. However, at this point, existing questionnaires are primarily available in English. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, these English questionnaires have yet to undergo validation processes for French-speaking cohorts.

Objective

The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural translation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Problematic Use of Mobile Phones scale, and Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale to French.

Methods

The translation process was performed using the forward/backward method. The first translation phase involved asking 4 independent French translators to translate the original English version of the questionnaires into French. In the second phase, the French version was backtranslated to English by a native English speaker. In the third phase, 2 concept experts were asked to comment and suggest modifications to the statements if necessary. Finally, the last version of the translated questionnaires was presented to 18 participants to assess the clarity, intelligibility, and acceptability of the translations.

Results

During the forward translation step, the translation differences were minor. During the backward translation, the English native speaker correctly backtranslated 18 of the 33 items of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, 17 of the 20 items of the Problematic Use of Mobile Phones scale, and 13 of the 15 items of the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale. Backtranslation for the Nomophobia Questionnaire was less satisfactory, with only 10 out of 20 items that were correctly backtranslated. The linguistic verification step revealed a minimal modification for the 4 questionnaires. The participants also suggested few improvements that we have considered for the final version. We produced the final version directly after this step.

Conclusions

We successfully adapted and effectively translated 4 questionnaires that assess problematic smartphone use to French. This step is a prerequisite for the validation of the French questionnaires. These adapted measures can serve as valuable research instruments for investigating and addressing issues related to problematic smartphone use in French-speaking countries and for making international comparisons.
Translation Effectiveness of Offset Heart Rate Biofeedback as a Mindless Intervention for Alcohol Craving Among Risky Drinkers: Controlled Experiment
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Arora Jatin , Tao Yujie , Miller Dave B , Adams Alexander T , Choudhury Tanzeem
Published: September 2024

Background

Digital and wearable intervention systems promise to improve how people manage their behavioral health conditions by making interventions available when the user can best benefit from them. However, existing interventions are obtrusive because they require attention and motivation to engage in, limiting the effectiveness of such systems in demanding contexts, such as when the user experiences alcohol craving. Mindless interventions, developed by the human-computer interaction community, offer an opportunity to intervene unobtrusively. Offset heart rate biofeedback is an iconic type of mindless intervention powered by entrainment and can mitigate the physiological and psychological response to stressors.

Objective

This work aimed to characterize the translational effectiveness of offset heart rate biofeedback on cue-elicit alcohol craving among risky drinkers.

Methods

We conducted an out-of-lab, between-group, controlled experiment with 26 participants who performed harmful or hazardous drinking. The control group served as negative control and received no intervention, while the experimental group received offset heart rate biofeedback during alcohol exposure and recovery. We elicited alcohol cravings through a series of alcohol cues, including performing mental imagery, viewing alcohol images, and sniffing alcohol. We measured the physiological response to alcohol (ie, heart rate variability), self-reported craving, and self-reported anxiety. We constructed linear mixed-effects models to understand the effect of intervention during alcohol exposure and alcohol recovery after exposure. Following the linear mixed effect model, we conducted pair-wise comparisons for measures between the control and experimental groups.

Results

We found that offset heart rate biofeedback significantly reduced the increase in heart rate variability (P=.01 and P=.052) and self-reported craving (P=.04 and P=.02) in response to alcohol cues. Participants’ anxiety was not affected by either the alcohol cues or the offset heart rate biofeedback.

Conclusions

Offset heart rate biofeedback has the potential to immediately and unobtrusively mitigate cue-elicit alcohol craving among risky drinkers. The results of this study opened new opportunities for digital and wearable interventions to mitigate alcohol craving, either as wellness apps for risky drinkers or as digital prescriptions and integration with sensing systems for people with alcohol dependency.
Pediatric Sleep Quality and Parental Stress in Neuromuscular Disorders: Descriptive Analytical Study
Authors: Khaksar Sajjad , Jafari-Oori Mehdi , Sarhangi Forogh , Moayed Malihe Sadat
Published: September 2024

Background

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle fibers, resulting in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and reduced mobility. These conditions significantly affect patients’ quality of life and impose a substantial burden on caregivers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a relatively common NMD in children that presents in various types with varying degrees of severity.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of children with NMDs, particularly SMA types 1, 2, and 3 and assess the stress levels experienced by their parents.

Methods

A descriptive analytical study was conducted from February to October 2023, in selected hospitals and dystrophy associations in Tehran and Isfahan, Iran. A total of 207 children aged 1‐14 years with various NMDs were included in the study. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire with 3 parts: demographic information, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire to assess children’s sleep, and the Stress Response Inventory to measure parental stress. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, with an α level of .05.

Results

Significant differences in sleep quality were found among SMA types, with mean scores of 74.76 (SD 7.48) for SMA type 1, 76.4 (SD 7.29) for SMA type 2, 72.88 (SD 6.73) for SMA type 3, and 75.87 (SD 5.74) for other NMDs (P=.02). A correlation was found between sleep and length of hospital stay (r=0.234, P<.001)and between sleep and the child’s sex (r=−0.140, P=.04). Parental stress scores averaged 95.73 (SD 32.12). There was not a statistically significant difference in parental stress scores among the 4 groups (P=.78). This suggests that parental stress levels were similar across different NMD groups.

Conclusions

Sleep disorders are prevalent among children with NMDs, especially SMA. Parents experience high levels of stress that can affect the care they provide. Therefore, interventions to improve children’s sleep and address parental stress are crucial. Regular screening, counseling, and tailored support are recommended to enhance the well-being of children with NMDs and their families.
Investigating the Use of Telemedicine by Health Care Providers to Diagnose and Manage Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Vincent Raphaël , Charron Maxime , Lafrance Simon , Cormier Audrey-Anne , Kairy Dahlia , Desmeules François
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Access to care is a major challenge for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs). Telemedicine is one of the solutions to improve access to care. However, initial remote diagnosis of MSKDs involves some challenges, such as the impossibility of touching the patient during the physical examination, which makes it more complex to obtain a valid diagnosis. No meta-analysis has been performed to date to synthesize evidence regarding the initial assessment including a physical evaluation using telemedicine to diagnose patients with MSKDs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to appraise the evidence on diagnostic and treatment plan concordance between remote assessment using synchronous or asynchronous forms of telemedicine and usual in-person assessment for the initial evaluation of various MSKDs.

METHODS

An electronic search was conducted up to August 2023 using terms related to telemedicine and assessment of MSKDs. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Random-effect model meta-analyses were performed. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework was used to synthesize the quality and certainty of the evidence.

RESULTS

A total of 23 concordance studies were eligible and included adult participants (N=1493) with various MSKDs. On the basis of high certainty, pooled κ and prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted κ for the diagnostic concordance between remote and in-person assessments of MSKDs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.72-0.89; 7 studies, 353 patients) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.89; 6 studies, 306 patients). On the basis of moderate certainty, pooled Gwet AC1 for treatment plan concordance between remote and in-person assessments of MSKDs was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80-0.99; 2 studies, 142 patients).

CONCLUSIONS

The diagnostic concordance for MSKDs is good to very good. Treatment plan concordance is probably good to excellent. Studies evaluating the accuracy to detect red and yellow flags as well as the potential increase in associated health care resources use, such as imaging tests, are needed.
Assessing Internet Quality across Public Health Centre in Indonesia: An Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Setiawan Agus Heri , Lokopessy Alfiano Fawwaz , Mayadewi Chyntia Aryanti , Endryantoro M Thoriqul Aziz , Wibowo Viktor , Disviana Sarah , Laksana Indra , Aviandito Mohammad , Kozlakidis Zisis , Manikam Logan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary health care (Puskesmas) is an integrated healthcare service that serves to improve individual health, preventing and curing disease, and also providing health promotion in Indonesia. To support these roles, the provision of technology infrastructure in Puskesmas is highly important, including the availability of internet connection. Thus, assessing the availability and quality of internet connection among Puskesmas is essential to understand the capacity of Puskesmas to undergo its role in providing optimum health service for the community.

OBJECTIVE

This paper provides a thorough examination of the quality of internet connectivity and its relevant information technology infrastructure in Indonesian Puskesmas.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was taken throughout all Puskesmas (10,382) in 34 provinces in Indonesia, using an online questionnaire. Categorization was done to analyze internet quality level results.

RESULTS

A total of 10,378 public health centres (99.96%) participated in this study, with 745 (7.18%) did not have internet access, 1,487 (14,33%) have limited internet access, 5,567 (53.64%) have sufficient internet access, and 2,579 (24.85%) have sufficient and fast internet access. Moreover, 832 Puskesmas (8.02%) do not have 24-hour electricity, 44,196 (43.7%) have CPU with i3 specifications, 43,044 (42.56%) have 512 GB hard disk capacity, and 67,272 (66,5%) uses antivirus.

CONCLUSIONS

Although 79% of Puskesmas in Indonesia already had sufficient internet access, 21% still have limited and insufficient access. To ensure universal internet availability, it is essential to build collaborative support among internet providers and government to foster the availability and utilisation of internet satellites, high-quality computers, and electrical power to support internet connectivity.