bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activities of Copper, Silver, and Zinc-Derived Nanoparticles and their Capacity to Enhance the Antimicrobial Activities of Antibiotics
Authors: Yancey-Gray Denise , Nyamwihura Rogers , Arslan Zikri , Ogungbe Ifedayo Victor
Published: May 2024

Nanoparticles derived from copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and silver (Ag) have bactericidal
activities, are biocompatible, and are malleable to different structural designs/shapes, making
them attractive as antibacterial agents. The development of new antibacterial agents is particularly
important because the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria driven by overuse,
misuse, and abuse of antibiotics has become a global problem. Drug resistance results in higher
mortality and morbidity, increase in treatment cost, and longer hospital stays. Unfortunately,
over the past three decades, the lack of adequate investments in developing new drugs to replace
current and ineffective ones has compounded the problem. This review provides a comprehensive
insight into the investigation of nanoparticles derived from Cu, Zn, and Ag as antibacterial
agents, especially when combined with antibiotics. It provides mechanistic details about the
activities of the nanoparticles and their limited structure-activity relationships. In addition, the
effect of doping and its impact on the antibacterial activity of the nanomaterials is discussed, as
well as the nanoparticles’ ability to inhibit or reduce bacterial growth on surfaces and prevent the
development of antibiotic resistance by biofilms.
Predicting Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis in the Tongue using Machine Learning: A Study of 186 Cases
Authors: Liskova Veronika , Liska Jan , Moztarzadeh Omid , Posta Petr , Topolcan Ondrej , Jamshidi Alireza , Hauer Lukas
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study examines the distribution of 186 Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis (CHC) cases verified by biopsy within the oral cavity, focusing on the prevalence in the tongue (72 cases) versus other oral locations (114 cases).

Methods

Utilizing the Random Forest Regressor (RFR), a robust machine learning algorithm, we analyze 16 unique risk factors to predict CHC incidence in the tongue. Linear regression is employed to evaluate the model's performance.

Results

The RFR demonstrates high accuracy in predicting CHC presence in various oral sites. The study highlights the impact of risk factors on CHC prevalence and the importance of CHC's location in the oral cavity for tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches. The findings suggest the Random Forest Regressor's potential as a tool for healthcare professionals in the early identification and diagnosis of CHC, enhancing disease understanding and improving patient care.

Conclusion

The RFR proves effective in predicting CHC occurrence in different oral areas. The clinical significance of Machine Learning method usage lies in the optimal evaluation of true pathogenetic factors and their relation patterns for CHC development in the tongue. Notably, most tongue CHC patients were non-smokers (63.9%), and female patients slightly outnumbered males (54.2%), challenging the common association of CHC with male smokers. A significant association exists between gastroesophageal reflux and tongue CHC (p=0.01), and a similar trend is noted for thyropathy in lingual lesions compared to other CHC locations (p=0.09). These findings underscore the necessity for clinicians to consider negative cultivations in lingual CHC cases (20.8% of cases), ensuring comprehensive evaluation and treatment.
Book Review: Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Biomedical
Industries
Authors: Sasikumar G. Kausalya , Thangadurai T. Daniel , Balla Putrakumar , Gangadharan T.K. Anusree , Pothu Ramya Krishna , Boddula Rajender
Published: May 2024

The book titled “Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Biomedical Industries,” edited by Inamuddin, was published by Springer in 2019. The book has 235 pages, and the print version has ISBN 978-3-030-06081-7. The eBook version has ISBN 978-3-030-06082-4 and is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06082-4. Ion exchange chromatography has be-come increasingly popular in recent years due to its use in various industries, including biotech-nology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the environment. The book "Applications of Ion Ex-change Materials in Biomedical Industries," edited by Inamuddin and published by Springer in 2019, covers the use of ion exchange materials in biomedical applications. The book outlines the principles of ion exchange chromatography (IEC), a crucial technology used to separate ionic chemicals through ion exclusion and partition. It also covers IEC in separating, purifying, identi-fying, and extracting substances, such as amino acids, morphine, nucleotides, nucleosides, sorbi-tol, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines. This book review will be useful to researchers, industrial-ists, medical professionals, and engineers in understanding the concept and applications of ion exchange materials.
Pharmaceutical Market Access in Latin America: Analyzing Approval
Requirements in Three Key Nations: Ecuador, Dominican Republic and
Nicaragua
Authors: Thakkar Jhanvi , Patel Ayush , Desai Jagruti , Patel Mehul , Shah Umang , Patel Ashish , Patel Krishi , Patel Swayamprakash
Published: May 2024

:

This article presents a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing the approval of pharmaceuticals in the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Nicaragua. It delves into the intricate scientific terminology and complex procedures inher-ent in these regulatory systems, shedding light on the demanding requirements that pharmaceu-tical companies must fulfil to secure market access in these countries. Employing a comparative approach, the article explores both the analogy and differences in the approval processes, focus-ing on factors such as safety standards, efficacy assessments, clinical trial prerequisites, post-marketing surveillance, and overall transparency. The findings contribute to a deeper under-standing of the scientific accuracy and ongoing efforts towards regulatory harmonisation within the pharmaceutical industry across these countries. Furthermore, this study aims to define the regulatory requirements for drug approval in the LATAM region, explicitly emphasising the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Nicaragua. It provides insights into the current pharmaceuti-cal market landscape in Latin America, compares the regulatory requirements for drug approval in these three countries, and offers guidance on preparing dossiers for obtaining authorisation of pharmaceutical drug products. By examining the similarities and differences in regulatory stand-ards, this article facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the stringency ratios between these countries and assists companies in navigating the specific regulatory landscapes to achieve suc-cessful drug approvals
Translational Approach using Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Mousavi Maryam Alsadat , Rezaei Maliheh , Pourhamzeh Mahsa , Salari Mehri , Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Shpichka Anastasia , Nabavi Seyed Massood , Timashev Peter , Vosough Massoud
Published: May 2024

Current therapeutic approaches for Huntington's disease (HD) focus on symptomatic
treatment. Therefore, the unavailability of efficient disease-modifying medicines is a significant
challenge. Regarding the molecular etiology, targeting the mutant gene or advanced translational
steps could be considered promising strategies. The evidence in gene therapy suggests various molecular
techniques, including knocking down mHTT expression using antisense oligonucleotides
and small interfering RNAs and gene editing with zinc finger proteins and CRISPR-Cas9-based
techniques. Several post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications have also been proposed.
However, the efficacy and long-term side effects of these modalities have yet to be verified.
Currently, cell therapy can be employed in combination with conventional treatment and could be
used for HD in which the structural and functional restoration of degenerated neurons can occur.
Several animal models have been established recently to develop cell-based therapies using renewable
cell sources such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stromal
cells, and neural stem cells. These models face numerous challenges in translation into clinics.
Nevertheless, investigations in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) open a promising
window for HD research and their clinical application. In this study, the ATMPs entry pathway in
HD management was highlighted, and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed.
Nonlinear dynamic modelling and performance of deployable telescopic tubular mast (TTM)
Authors: Sun Tongtong
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The aim of this work is to present the longitude and transverse vibrations of a deployable TTM, which is attached on a spacecraft system, considering the effect of rigid-flexible coupling phenomenon. The proposed model is derived based on the principle of virtual work and discretized by assumed mode method. To introduce the nonlinear effect, the von Kármán strain is adopted. Additionally, locking and restart behaviors are taken into account in the modelling procedure of the deploying process. Finally, the dynamic phenomena of the longitude and transverse displacements are analyzed at different deploying velocities.
Coupled thermoelastic analysis using 1D higher-order structural theories and finite elements
Authors: Santori M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper presents solutions to coupled thermoelastic dynamic problems of beams subjected to thermal loads over time. A higher-order one-dimensional (1D) model in the framework of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is used. The study aims to provide accurate predictions for displacement fields and temperature changes within homogeneous isotropic structures under thermal loads. A numerical test case describing the influence of sudden heating on the response of beam structure is presented. The results of the quasi-static analysis are compared with the dynamic response. Different two-dimensional Lagrange expansions are used to discretize the beam cross-section. The approach used in this work simplifies the complex three-dimensional (3D) problem into a computationally efficient 1D model.
Hybrid-triggered orbit-attitude coupled station keeping control of a spacecraft with pure thrusters
Authors: Xie Hongyi
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper introduces a specialized attitude-orbit control system designed for three-axis stabilized micro-spacecraft facing the challenge of maintaining orbit radius near small asteroids. Utilizing a fixed main thruster and inclined small thrusters, the system addresses intense orbit-attitude coupling. An intermittent hybrid-triggered control method optimizes main thruster alignment with the asteroid's center of gravity and maintains the spacecraft's orbit within a specified range. The system responds to attitude deviations by activating only the inclined thrusters and triggers overall control for specified orbital conditions, ensuring spacecraft safety. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed control system.
In situ space debris inspection: From observation to 3D reconstruction
Authors: Lion L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Amidst the exponential increase in space debris, Active Debris Removal and On-Orbit Servicing missions have gained paramount importance. The success of such endeavours pivots on the comprehension of the target's geometry and dynamic conditions, highlighting the indispensable nature of target inspection. In recent times, a variety of inspection missions have employed satellites of different classes. In this context, small satellites like CubeSats have emerged as a reasonable solution, due to cost-effectiveness and rapid development capabilities. This study explores a potential inspection mission utilizing a CubeSat to evaluate a non-cooperative target, where information on relative pose are not known a priori. The aim is to retrieve essential data for executing Close Proximity Operations safely. Manoeuvring around the target, the CubeSat captures two-dimensional (2D) RGB images from multiple angles to then reconstruct its three-dimensional (3D) geometry. Optical cameras are preferred during the inspection phase due to their cost-efficiency and low power requirements, different from other technologies like laser imaging. An experimental setup is designed and built to generate a dataset of 2D images simulating in orbit conditions. Standard computer vision algorithms are employed to perform the 3D reconstruction and Artificial Intelligence used to reconstruct the scene.
High-fidelity simulation and low-order analysis for planetary descent investigation of capsule-parachute interaction
Authors: Placco L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The project focuses on characterizing the unsteady dynamics of the parachute-capsule system during the descent phase of planetary entry in a supersonic flow regime. Currently, Large-Eddy Simulation, coupled with an Immersed-Boundary Method, is utilized to examine the time-evolving flow behavior of a rigid supersonic parachute trailing behind a reentry capsule as it descends through the Martian atmosphere. The flow is simulated at Ma=2 and Re=10^6. A massive GPU parallelization has been utilized to enable a high-fidelity resolution of the turbulent structures in the flow, essential for capturing its dynamic behavior. We demonstrate through low-order modeling of the unsteady turbulent wake of the capsule that low-frequency fluctuations within the wake are the primary trigger for flow instability in front of the canopy volume. Proper-Orthogonal Decomposition is utilized to investigate the system dynamics and analyze how various turbulence contributions influence the phenomenon.
Model based systems engineering and concurrent engineering for space systems
Authors: Mastropietro Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to present the rationale and application of Model Based System Engineering and Concurrent Engineering for space systems. In the context of the New Space Economy, characterized by disruptive technologies, standardization, and the entry of private investments into the industry, it is critical to manage space systems effectively among the different involved stakeholders. In order to address all related challenges, systems modelling approaches are used at different levels, from subsystems to satellites to complex mission architectures, like fractionated and federated systems.
Cislunar orbit dynamics with an application to space situational awareness
Authors: Bolis Mathilda
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Given the growing number of planned missions and satellite launches, it is clear the cislunar orbital domain gained great interest from both industries and space agencies in the last few years. The chaotic dynamics that characterise this area of space set new challenges that have not been considered for near-Earth space. An increasing number of space objects orbiting in the chaotic cislunar domain could lead to a more complex debris problem than is found near-Earth today, making the design of effective End-of-Life (EoL) disposal strategies more important than ever. This Ph.D. research aims to develop a dynamic cartography of cislunar space through tools derived from dynamical systems theory. Thus, it will be possible to characterise the long-term stability of different families of orbits in cislunar space, creating a catalogue of stable and unstable orbits; to develop a tool to define effective and customisable EoL strategies; and to analyse the behaviour of possible fragmentations in the cislunar domain.
Vision-based relative navigation system for autonomous proximity orbital operations
Authors: Forasassi Matteo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The paper presents the research project of the author, focused on developing, implementing and testing a vision based relative navigation system for spacecraft. A temporal organization of the project is presented, with tasks assigned to each year of the PhD programme, while at the same time two main technical stages, “final” and “far” rendezvous are introduced together with their scientific objectives. Being an experimental work, the envisioned implementation of the system on COTS computing platforms is introduced as well as the experiments planned to gather real imagery to validate the algorithms. Finally, possible fields of application of the project are discussed.
Fuel-optimal low-thrust CAM with eclipse constraints
Authors: Polli Eduardo Maria
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This works presents an optimal control direct method to design fuel-optimal low-thrust Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres (CAMs), imposing return to nominal conditions and including eclipse constraints. The methodology exploits the Hermite-Simpon integration scheme to impose the dynamics and the Squared Mahalanobis Distance (SMD) to ensure a collision probability lower than a prescribed value. The choice of using a direct method to solve the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) is justified by the inclusion of orbital perturbations.
Towards a greener cosmos: Tool for integrating life cycle costs and sustainability for future space systems development
Authors: Bandemegala Sai Tarun Prabhu
Published: May 2024

Abstract. As humanity ventures further into space exploration, the imperative for sustainability and cost-effectiveness intensifies. Accurate cost estimation is pivotal for project viability, funding, and stakeholder management. However, existing tools often fall short in integrating comprehensive data and sustainability considerations. This paper proposes the Sustainable Exploration Resource Toolkit (SERT), which integrates life cycle costs (LCC) analysis, sustainability principles, and technology evaluation to address these challenges. SERT aims to provide decision-makers with holistic insights into the financial implications of space missions, identifying cost-effective solutions for sustainable bioregenerative systems. By fostering cross-industry collaboration and complexity reduction strategies, SERT strives to revolutionize cost estimation for future space exploration endeavors, ensuring economic viability and environmental responsibility.
Digital optics and machine learning algorithms for aircraft maintenance
Authors: Merola Salvatore
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The objective of this study is to present a novel approach for airplane inspection to identify damages on the fuselage. Machine learning algorithms in the aeronautic industry can be used as an instrument for automating the process of inspection and detection, decreasing human error, and increasing productivity and security for operators. An overview of the problems, methods, and recent developments in the field of deep learning algorithms used for general damage detection on aircraft components is provided in this extended abstract. Data were collected using a high-quality acquisition system and the dataset was populated by collecting defect images from 2 typologies of aircraft: a commercial partial full-scale airplane fuselage section in primer paint and a general aviation fuselage white painted, both situated in the laboratory of heavy structures of University of Naples Federico II. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and machine learning models were trained on large datasets of annotated images, enabling them to learn complex features associated with different types of damage. Data augmentation techniques are adopted to add diversity to the training data. Transfer learning techniques, which leverage pre-trained models on large-scale image datasets, have also proved to be effective in achieving accurate and robust detection results.
Investigation of radiative needle flow dynamics with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Kainat Niba
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The flow pattern formed by the radiative needle moving in a fluid with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity is investigated in this paper considering the effects of viscous dissipation and nonlinear radiation. Under axial symmetry constraint, the governing equations are converted into a set of non-linear differential equations. Numerical results are presented discussing the influence of Prandtl number, viscosity and thermal conductivity on the heat transfer between the flow and the needle.
Continuum sensitivity analysis and improved Nelson’s method for beam shape eigensensitivities
Authors: Gagliardi Giuseppe Maurizio
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Gradient-based optimization techniques require accurate and efficient sensitivity or design derivative analysis. In general, numerical sensitivity methods such as finite differences are easy to implement but imprecise and computationally inefficient. In contrast, analytical sensitivity methods are highly accurate and efficient. Although these methods have been widely evaluated for static problems or dynamic analysis in the time domain, no analytical sensitivity methods have been developed for eigenvalue problems. In this paper, two different analytical methods for shape eigensensitivity analysis have been evaluated: the Continuum Sensitivity Analysis (CSA) and an enhanced version of Nelson’s method. They are both analytical techniques but differ in how the analytical differentiation is performed: before and after the discretization, respectively. CSA has been applied to eigenvalue problems for the first time, while Nelson’s method has been improved and adapted to shape optimizations. Both methods have been applied to different cases involving shape optimization of beams. Both vibration and buckling problems were analysed considering the eigenvalue as a design variable. Both methods have been successfully applied, and Nelson's method proved to be more convenient for this kind of problem.
Study of Budget Efficiency Related to Covid-19 Hospitalization Claim Policy in X Hospital Malang: A Case Study
Authors: Fitriasari Nikma , Hariyanto Engelbert , Kodriyah Lailatul , Retno Suryaningati Engelbertha , Silvaira Natasya
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection spread rapidly to more than 114 countries. Covid-19 spreading has a tremendous effect socially and economically, Indonesia included. Indonesian Government was issuing regulations about Technical Claim Instructions for anticipation. This Technical Claim Instruction was regulated on Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan (KMK) No HK 01.07/Menkes/238/2020, then renewed on KMK No HK.01.07/Menkes/446/2020. The purpose of this research is to analyze budget efficiency related to the change of Covid-19 hospitalization claim regulation. The research was done retrospectively, using secondary data such as claims and patient's medical records. Research conducted in October 2020 on X Hospital. The research sample used was every Covid-19 patient from March to September 2020 totaling 146. The data were analyzed using chi-square with the result showing that there is no correlation between changes of technical claim regulation with budget efficiency.
The development of educability motor-based warming model for long jump sports
Authors: Refiater Ucok Hasian , Haryanto Arief Ibnu
Published: May 2024

Stretching and warming up are crucial in every training session or competition in long jump athletics. This study was aimed at developing a warm-up model based on motor educability for the long jump sport. This research is a type of development with a research model procedure using Borg Gall's five steps of the adaptation of the IOWA Brace Test to motor educability. The samples used in this research were media experts and material experts, each consisting of one person. For small group trials, there were 9 (nine) students from the Sports Science Study Program and for large group trials, there were 39 (thirty-nine) students from the Sports Coaching Education Study Program who took athletics courses. The instruments used were the 11 IOWA Brace Test motor educability items and the Standing Broad Jump test to examine effectiveness using the paired sample t test. As a result, in the expert validation step, revision, the design product has been declared feasible by the expert as well as during large and small group trials. The effectiveness test also revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean of paired samples. The results of this development also recommend several movements, namely: side learning rest, one knee balance, stroke stand, double heel kick, hop forward, forward hand kick, half squat-arm circle, side kick, russian dance, single squat balance, and jump foot. The conclusion is that of the eleven movements it is feasible to use in warm-up for the long jump sport. Future research needs to examine how this model supports athletes in improving physical fitness components.
The differences between static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on flexibility: a gender review
Authors: Fenanlampir Albertus , Lumba Andreas J. F , Mutohir Toho Cholik , Jiménez José Vicente García
Published: May 2024

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is the latest method used in flexibility training. This study shows something different from other studies.  The purpose of this study was whether there were differences in flexibility in male and female students as a result of the static stretching training method and the PNF stretching training method. The samples in this study were 80 male and female students, which were taken randomly from the male population of 56 people and the female population of 45 people, so that a total of 101 people. The results showed that the two methods showed a significant improvement. However, the PNF stretching training method was more effective than the static stretching training method in increasing flexibility. Both applied to male students and female students. Although the PNF stretching training method has been proven to increase flexibility in both males and females, students and physical education teachers need to pay attention to this training method and do it regularly and continuously by considering the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The suggestions for further research are to carry out further, complete research, which is related to this research, by taking into account the essential differences between males and females, such as physical and physiological growth and development.
„Jók leszünk!” – Hogyan formál társadalmi lénnyé az iskola? Összehasonlító kritikai etnográfia mindenkinek
Authors: Mészáros György
Published: May 2024

Az iskola világa mindnyájunk közös tapasztalata, hiszen éveket töltünk oktatási intézmények padjaiban. Joggal érezhetjük tehát úgy, hogy ismerjük a társadalomnak ezt az alapvető intézményét. Mészáros György könyve azonban felteszi nekünk a kérdést, hogy valóban ismerjük-e az iskolát, és jól látjuk-e társadalmi létre nevelő szerepét. Tudunk-e más szemmel, eddig nem megszokott nézőpontok alapján tekinteni rá? A szerző határozott szándéka, hogy az olvasóban kérdéseket ébresszen, és felajánljon egy olyan kritikai gondolkodási keretet, amely nem számít megszokottnak a hazai oktatásra vonatkozó értelmezésekben. Munkája kutatásra alapozott írás, amely azonban meg akar szólítani minden oktatás iránt érdeklődő embert. MÉSZÁROS GYÖRGY – majd három éven át – két egymástól merőben eltérő iskolai közegben végzett résztvevő megfigyelésre építő (etnográfiai) kutatást, bekapcsolódva az intézmények mindennapjaiba. Az egyik egy szegregátumközeli „gettóiskola”, a másik egy átlagos, középosztálybeli diákokat befogadó középiskola. Terepnaplójából kirajzolódnak e két intézmény sajátosságai, eltérő szocializációs útjai. „De ugye jók vagyunk? Jókat írjon!” – mondják neki a gyerekek. A szerző arra mutat rá, hogy a fogalmaink arról, mit jelent jónak lenni, alapvetően társadalmilag beágyazottak, és a „Jók leszünk!” felkiáltás is a hatalomnak és a rendszernek megfelelni igyekvés ideológiai kifejeződése. Provokatív állításaival könyve elgondolkodtató látleletet nyújt a hazai oktatás valóságáról, miközben kivezető utakat világít meg egy társadalmilag tudatosabb pedagógia felé.
Legal Custom in Russian Law: the Genesis of Conceptual Foundations and Modern Status
Authors: Minina N. V. , Pyltcina M. V.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The role of legal custom in the Russian system of sources of law is ambiguous even today, although historically it has long acted as the main regulator of public relations. If in ancient times the custom was used everywhere, now it is widespread in private law and some complex branches of Russian law, and its application in the public legal sphere still requires scientific argumentation.

Purpose: to study the genesis of the conceptual foundations and the current status of legal custom in Russia.

Objectives: to study the origin, essence and meaning of legal custom in the Russian system of sources of law.

Methodology. On the basis of the dialectical method of scientific cognition, as well as a combination of methods of analysis and synthesis, a set of general scientific research methods, as well as private scientific and special legal ones, such as: historical, system-structural, formal-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc.

The results of the study are of a theoretical and applied nature, as they allow us to recognize legal custom as the original source of law, which historically gave rise to the entire existing system of forms of law. The signs of legal custom are revealed, its place and role in the system of sources of law are determined. The issues of the application of legal custom in civil, business and international private law are studied.

Conclusions. The study of the genesis of the conceptual foundations and the modern status of legal custom has shown that it is rightfully recognized as an integral fundamental part of the system of sources of Russian law, has a subsidiary law-enforcement character and should be inferior in legal force to a normative act and a contract.
Violent Crime Against Persons in Modern Russia: State and Problems of Criminological Characteristics
Authors: Yakhontova Y. S.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Violent crimes that infringe on unshakable human values, namely life and health, are an integral part of society's life. The rapid change in social, economic and political conditions leads to the intensification of social tension of the population and can provoke an increase in the level of violent crime. Modern realities make it necessary to study and analyze up-to-date information about the state of violent crime, as well as to identify existing shortcomings of the accounting system for the crimes under consideration.

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies based on a systematic study of the criminological characteristics of violent crime against the individual, its state and dynamics in modern Russia, including identifying existing shortcomings in the system of accounting for violent crimes by internal affairs agencies and developing ways to overcome them.

The objectives of the study are to identify the real state of violent crime against the individual in modern Russia; to identify changes in its state in the period from 2018 to 2022; to establish the main factors that can have a significant impact on official statistics and accounting and registration discipline in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and their accounting.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, systematic, statistical.

Results. The article provides an analysis of the main criminological indicators of violent crime in modern Russia. Particular factors affecting the effectiveness of the crime accounting system are considered, ways of entering information by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that may affect the reliability of official statistical data are considered and classified.

Conclusion. Within the framework of the study, the range of crimes classified as violent was determined, the validity of attributing crimes committed with the use of instrumental violence to the category of violent crimes against the person was considered. The necessity of introducing separate statistical forms aimed at collecting information about violent crime is substantiated.

Factors that may have an impact on the reliability and accuracy of official data are considered, special attention was paid to such a phenomenon as artificial latency of crimes. The interrelation of the method of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies with the phenomenon of artificial latency of crimes is analyzed. In our opinion, a real reduction in the level of artificial latent crime could be influenced by a change in the accounting system for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies.
The Religiosity of Soviet youth in the Mirror of Domestic Social Studies of the 1920-1970s.
Authors: Apanasenok A. V.
Published: May 2024

The relevance of the work is related to the heuristic significance of clarifying the religious values place in the life of Soviet society, as well as the need for a historiographical understanding of the process of relaying confessional traditions in the Soviet Union.

The purpose of the research: a critical analysis of information on religiosity level of Soviet youth, published by Russian authors in the 1920–1970s.

Objectives: to study the statistical data of domestic social scientists regarding the religiosity of Soviet youth in the 1920–1970s; to consider the factors that influenced such statistics; to assess the correspondence of the published statistics to the real picture of the younger generations of Soviet citizens attitude to confessional values.

Methods. During the preparation of the paper the author relied on the traditional methodology of historical and sociological research: historical-statistical, comparative-historical methods, as well as the method of historical induction.

Results. The paper examines the dynamics of changes in data on the religiosity of young USSR citizens obtained by Soviet social scientists during surveys of the 1920–1970s, examines the causes of a sharp drop in the declared level of religiosity of schoolchildren and students since the 1930s, compares published and unpublished information about the attitude of representatives of these social categories to confessional culture.

Conclusions. The research shows that the level of youth religiosity demonstrated by Soviet social studies has decreased tenfold over the past five decades. It is concluded that the data on the relevant issues were published by voters, reflecting only the results of the polls acceptable from an ideological point of view. To obtain such results, social scientists were usually helped by the interviewees themselves, who sought to remain "conscious" citizens in the eyes of the observing authorities. At the same time, the outwardly demonstrated skepticism of religion by young people often hid doubts about the atheistic picture of the world or interest in confessional traditions as one of the foundations of culture.
Analysis of the Fulfillment of the Tasks of the X Five-Year Plan (1976-1980) Industrial Enterprises of the Kursk Regionviziltir
Authors: Irmakova D. A.
Published: May 2024

Relevance. In the years of the X five-year plan the country's industry was faced with the task of improving the efficiency and quality of production at minimal cost by introducing new technologies, mechanizing production and reducing manual labor. But the administrative and command management system turned out to be unable to respond quickly, new technologies were poorly implemented, and existing equipment was outdated. Using the example of the implementation of the tasks of the X five-year plan at the industrial enterprises of the Kursk region, it is possible to assess the positive and negative sides of the Soviet production management system.

Purpose. To investigate the results of the X five-year plan in the industrial production of the Kursk region and identify the results of the main directions of industrial development set by the XXV Congress of the CPSU at the regional level.

Objectives: to analyze the reports of industrial enterprises of the region to assess the results of production activities based on the results of the X five-year plan.

Methodology. Scientific methods were used in the research: synthesis, analysis, comparison, analogy, generalization, induction, deduction.

Results. The tasks of the X five-year plan at the industrial enterprises of the region were not fulfilled in full. In the food industry, there was a failure to meet targets for the volume of products produced. The introduction of new technologies and automation were carried out at a slow pace, as a result of which labor productivity increased slightly. Mechanical engineering turned out to be the most promising industry in the region.

Conclusion. The all-Union trends aimed at fulfilling the ten-year plan have found expression in the Kursk region. But the efforts made by the management of enterprises did not always give a positive result. Almost all the studied enterprises in the region slightly exceeded the planned indicators. The most promising enterprises turned out to be in the machine-building industry, where new equipment was introduced, production processes were mechanized, there was an influx of labor and labor productivity increased.
Legal Regulation of Entrepreneurial Activity in Special Economic Zones: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Konstantin G. Balashov K. G. , Kravchenko N. V.
Published: May 2024

Relevance.The development of territories defined as special economic zones in the Russian Federation continues to be in the focus of the state policy aimed at attracting investments of both domestic and international nature in various sectors of economic activity: from manufacturing to tourism and innovative technologies. Under these conditions, the task of quality legal regulation of entrepreneurial initiatives and ensuring conditions for the successful operation and protection of business assistants in SEZ territories becomes more relevant.

The purposeof the study is to assess the existing regulatory mechanisms, identify problems in the sphere of SEZ residents' activities, and determine promising directions for further development of legal relations that contribute to the increase of investment potential in the territory of the country.

Objectives.Analysis of the existing mechanisms of control and legal regulation of the activities of economic entities with the status of SEZ residents, the study of shortcomings in the legal framework concerning the procedures for depriving business structures of the SEZ resident status, which directly affects the stability of their functioning.

Methodology. To achieve the set objectives, we used various methodological approaches, in particular, deductive, system-analytical, formal-logical, which allowed us to review the current mechanisms of regulating the activities of economic entities-residents of SEZs, and from the general theoretical provisions to draw specific conclusions about the prospects for the development of the legal environment for the regulation of entrepreneurial activity in SEZs.

Resultsof the study are a critical understanding of the existing approaches to legal regulation and support of SEZ activities, as well as the adjustment of the regulatory framework taking into account the identified shortcomings, which will improve the effectiveness of the SEZ institution and contribute to a balanced economic development of regions and stabilisation of the investment environment at the macro level.

Conclusion.The article presents proposals for amendments aimed at eliminating the identified problems concerning the clarification of the legal status of residents and mechanisms for controlling their activities, which should contribute to improving the effectiveness of legal regulation and ensuring the stability of entrepreneurial structures in SEZs.
Expanding a Behavioral View on Digital Health Access: Drivers and Strategies to Promote Equity
Authors: Kepper Maura M , Fowler Lauren A , Kusters Isabelle S , Davis Jean W , Baqer Manal , Sagui-Henson Sara , Xiao Yunyu , Tarfa Adati , Yi Jean C , Gibson Bryan , Heron Kristin E , Alberts Nicole M , Burgermaster Marissa , Njie-Carr Veronica PS , Klesges Lisa M
Published: May 2024

The potential and threat of digital tools to achieve health equity has been highlighted for over a decade, but the success of achieving equitable access to health technologies remains challenging. Our paper addresses renewed concerns regarding equity in digital health access that were deepened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our viewpoint is that (1) digital health tools have the potential to improve health equity if equitable access is achieved, and (2) improving access and equity in digital health can be strengthened by considering behavioral science–based strategies embedded in all phases of tool development. Using behavioral, equity, and access frameworks allowed for a unique and comprehensive exploration of current drivers of digital health inequities. This paper aims to present a compilation of strategies that can potentially have an actionable impact on digital health equity. Multilevel factors drive unequal access, so strategies require action from tool developers, individual delivery agents, organizations, and systems to effect change. Strategies were shaped with a behavioral medicine focus as the field has a unique role in improving digital health access; arguably, all digital tools require the user (individual, provider, and health system) to change behavior by engaging with the technology to generate impact. This paper presents a model that emphasizes using multilevel strategies across design, delivery, dissemination, and sustainment stages to advance digital health access and foster health equity.
The Effect of a Novel Video Game on Young Soccer Players' Sports Performance and Attention: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Feria-Madueño Adrian , Monterrubio-Fernández Germán , Mateo Cortes Jesus , Carnero-Diaz Angel
Published: May 2024

Background

Currently, the fusion of technology and sports is inevitable. The integration of various systems and devices has brought about significant transformations in established sports practices, impacting not only the rules but also physiological, biomechanical, and even psychological aspects.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an attention intervention through a video game on young soccer players.

Methods

Twelve young male soccer players (age: mean 8.5, SD 1 years) were divided into 2 groups: a control group (CG; n=10) and an experimental group (EG; n=10). During the 6-week training program, the EG received attention training through a video game twice a week for 15 minutes per session. Pre- and postintervention measurements included a specific decision-making soccer test and interviews with coaching staff. Additionally, success in the video game, muscular activity, and sweat levels were monitored.

Results

The EG demonstrated a significant improvement in video game success following the intervention program, as indicated by the achieved level (P<.001). However, no significant differences were found between groups regarding electromyographic (EMG) activity (P=.21) and sweating (P=.20). Prior to implementing the attention training program, both groups exhibited similar data for variables related to decision-making and execution mechanisms (≤10%). Only 2 decision-making variables exceeded 10% but remained below 15% (Shot_D=13.35%; Marking_with_Ball_D=−12.64%). Furthermore, changes in attacking action variables were more pronounced in execution-related variables, except for dribbling and fixing. Conversely, in defensive action variables, changes were greater in decision-related variables, except for marking with the ball and marking without the ball.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that incorporating a specific attentional video game into a soccer training program enhances decision-making compared to a program without the video game. Therefore, it is advisable for practitioners to consider using this tool due to its high efficiency in terms of economic and temporal costs, particularly in improving a key psychological variable.
Assessing Privacy Vulnerabilities in Genetic Data Sets: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Thomas Mara , Mackes Nuria , Preuss-Dodhy Asad , Wieland Thomas , Bundschus Markus
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Genetic data are widely considered inherently identifiable. However, genetic data sets come in many shapes and sizes, and the feasibility of privacy attacks depends on their specific content. Assessing the reidentification risk of genetic data is complex, yet there is a lack of guidelines or recommendations that support data processors in performing such an evaluation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the privacy vulnerabilities of genetic data and create a summary that can guide data processors in assessing the privacy risk of genetic data sets.

METHODS

We conducted a 2-step search, in which we first identified 21 reviews published between 2017 and 2023 on the topic of genomic privacy and then analyzed all references cited in the reviews (n=1645) to identify 42 unique original research studies that demonstrate a privacy attack on genetic data. We then evaluated the type and components of genetic data exploited for these attacks as well as the effort and resources needed for their implementation and their probability of success.

RESULTS

From our literature review, we derived 9 nonmutually exclusive features of genetic data that are both inherent to any genetic data set and informative about privacy risk: biological modality, experimental assay, data format or level of processing, germline versus somatic variation content, content of single nucleotide polymorphisms, short tandem repeats, aggregated sample measures, structural variants, and rare single nucleotide variants.

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of our literature review, the evaluation of these 9 features covers the great majority of privacy-critical aspects of genetic data and thus provides a foundation and guidance for assessing genetic data risk.
Correction: Developing and Testing the Usability of a Novel Child Abuse Clinical Decision Support System: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Thomas Amy , Asnes Andrea , Libby Kyle , Hsiao Allen , Tiyyagura Gunjan
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Pengaruh Penggunaan Grid terhadap Kualitas Hasil Rontgen Anjing dan Kucing Pasien RSH Prof. Soeparwi FKH UGM
Authors: Pramono Agung Budi , Mulyani Guntari Titik , Martathama Gadis
Published: May 2024

Dokter hewan praktisi sering menjumpai permasalahan dalam penegakan diagnosis, salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan rontgen atau hasil X-ray yang belum optimal. Kualitas radiografi itu sendiri meliputi densitas, kontras, ketajaman dan distorsi, sedangkan salah satu penyebab yang dapat menurunkan kualitas radiografi adalah radiasi hambur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas radiograf dengan mengurangi radiasi hambur sinar-x menggunakan grid. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor anjing dan 10 ekor kucing dengan berat badan bervariasi dan fokus rontgen yang berbeda. Setiap hewan dilakukan pengambilan sampel xray sebanyak 2 kali, yaitu foto rontgen menggunakan grid dan tanpa grid pada posisi lateral dan anterior-posterior. Hasil rontgen dibandingkan antara foto rontgen dengan grid dan tanpa grid. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa pengujian foto rontgen menggunakan grid mampu mengurangi radiasi hambur sehingga lebih mengoptimalkan radiograf dan membantu dokter hewan dalam penegakan diagnosa.