bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty representation and quantification for a nonlinear rotor/stator system with mixed uncertainties
Authors: Yang Lechang , Zhang Jianguo , Guo Yanling
Published: November 2016

A rotor-to-stator coupled system usually exhibits complicated dynamic behaviors due to its nonlinear nature. Moreover, the inherent uncertainty (aleatory uncertainty) and many undetermined factors either brought by manufacturing process or due to the lack of knowledge (epistemic uncertainty) make the analysis of system response a challenging task. Existing studies on rotor uncertainties are mostly focused on the stochastic variables, yet pay less attention to other forms of uncertain variables such as intervals. However, some physical parameters (e.g. friction coefficient) can be hardly assigned one specific probability distribution and often available in interval forms. To deal with this, the concept of likelihood is extended from classical discrete point value to interval variable in the presence of mixed uncertainties. A likelihood-based approach is carried out for the mixed uncertainties representation and quantification. In addition, a new single loop sampling algorithm is developed to reduce the computation cost. This framework could be applied in the field of industry manufacturing and mounting, especially take effect in risk assessment and product maintaining. A series of numerical cases are demonstrated for validation and comparison.
Recognition of rock–coal interface in top coal caving through tail beam vibrations by using stacked sparse autoencoders
Authors: Zhang Guoxin , Wang Zengcai , Zhao Lei
Published: November 2016

This paper provides a novel rock-coal interface recognition method based on stacked sparse autoencoders (SSAE). Given their different size and hardness, coal and rock generate different tail beam vibrations. Therefore, the rock-coal interface in top coal caving can be identified using an acceleration sensor to measure such vibrations. The end of the hydraulic support beam is an ideal location for installing the sensor, as proven by many experiments. To improve recognition accuracy, the following steps are performed. First, ensemble empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD) is used to decompose the vibration signals of the tail beam into several intrinsic mode functions to complete feature extraction. Second, the features extracted are preprocessed as the inputs of SSAE. Third, a greedy, layer-wise approach is employed to pretrain the weights of the entire deep network. Finally, fine tuning is employed to search the global optima by simultaneously altering the parameters of all layers. Test results indicate that the average recognition accuracy of coal and rock is 98.79 % under ideal caving conditions. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by comparing its performance with those of four other algorithms.
Seismic performance evaluation and improvement for damaged reinforcement concrete piers using a fiber steel composite plate
Authors: Han Kyoungbong , Cho Dooyong , Kim Jinsoo
Published: November 2016

The seismic performance evaluation and retrofit process are very important in damaged bridges. If the result is not appropriate, then retrofit process are required. In this paper, to validate the seismic performance of retrofitted bridge experimentally, an experimental study was conducted to verify the application and efficiency of the jacket retrofit method to ensure seismic performance of damaged reinforcement concrete (RC) bridge piers. A total of 4 RC bridge piers was made and then 3 piers were pre-loaded under the range of service load to be damaged. These piers were retrofitted and repaired using a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel plate, and fiber steel composite (FSC) plates. These retrofitted and repaired piers were subjected to monotonic loading. Hysteresis and ultimate behaviors of the 3 RC piers were evaluated and compared with those of 1 non-damaged pier (standard specimen). As a test result, the retrofitted and repaired RC bridge piers applied by the jacket retrofit method were ensured under the targeted displacement ductility and ultimate load. The ultimate load and displacement ductility of the pier retrofitted and repaired by FSC plate were higher than those of other piers by CFRP and steel plates and also the pier by FSC plate showed better energy dissipation capacity than others. Generally, RC bridge pier retrofitted and repaired with the jacket retrofit method has low ductility but it was found that the pier retrofitted and repaired by FSC plate combined with CFRP and steel wire had overcome effectively this disadvantage through ductility evaluation based on the concept of energy numerically. This experiment showed that one could improve the safety margin and targeted ductility by repairing the cracks, spalls, etc. of the damaged RC bridge piers appropriately and then retrofitting them with the high ductile materials. The responses of existing damage bridges are compared with those of retrofitted bridge by jacket method for earthquake of target level, and also seismic performances are evaluated. By the test and analysis results it can be concluded that the proposed seismic retrofit method was found to be valid.
Modal and dynamic responses of the human head-neck complex for impact applications
Authors: Yang Bin , Cao Li Bo , Tang Yong , Sun Ning , Tse Kwong-Ming , Lee Heow-Pueh
Published: November 2016

The human head-neck is the most complex structure in the human body and its behavior under vibration remain poorly understood. Therefore, a comprehensive theoretical or experimental analysis is needed. This study is mainly based on an available finite element human head-neck complex and concentrates on its modal and dynamic responses. Resonance frequencies and responses of the human head-neck complex’s finite element model in impact simulations have been analyzed. These dynamic responses show a very good agreement with the previous studies. The fundamental frequency of modal analysis of finite element model is 35.25 Hz which is reasonably close to existing literatures. However, our modal dynamic analysis of an elaborated human head-neck complex introduces supplementary dynamic responses like nasal sideward cartilages’ “flipping” modes and the mandible’s “mastication” modes. Modal validation is performed which indicates a requirement for elaborated modeling to make out all the extra resonance frequencies. Moreover, the influence of damping factor on biomechanical response or natural frequencies is also investigated. It can be found that damping factor has got an inverse proportionality between damping factor effect on natural frequency and that on biomechanical responses. This demonstrates the significance of identification of the suitable damping factor evaluating biomechanical response in modal dynamic analysis and validation.
Polymorphism of Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene and HOMA-β Level of Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Family History
Authors: Sahrani Waode Astria , Astuti Indwiani , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim
Published: November 2016

Family history has considered as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Transcription factor-7 like 2 (TCF7L2) hasrole to regulates insulin secretion and blood glucose homeostasis. The aim of current study was to determine thers7903146 polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene and homeostatic model assessment-β (HOMA-β) level on individual withand without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) family history. This work is a case-control study. Thirty six subjectswith type 2 DM family history and 36 subjects without type 2 DM family history were recruited. HOMA-βmeasure to analyze the insulin secretion. Polymorphisms of TCF7L2 gene was analyzed by using PCR-RFLPmethod. Statistical analysis was performed by using T-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square with signifi cancelevel 0.05. The frequency of the T allele of the cases were 4.2% and the controls were 2.8% (p=0.500). The oddratio was 0.649 (CI;95%:0.106-4.055). The HOMA-β levels of the cases were signifi cant low (132.56±62.48)compared with the controls (266.09±1.68) with p=0.000. The subjects with type 2 DM family history have asimilar frequency of having T alleles and CT/TT genotypes. The subjects with type 2 DM family history hassignifi cantly lower HOMA-β levels than subject without DM family history.
Perbanyakan Bahan Tanam Karet Juvenil di China
Authors: Atminingsih Atminingsih
Published: November 2016

China merupakan konsumen karet alam terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, China juga menghasilkan karet alam dalam jumlah yang kecil. Budidaya karet di China umumnya dapat dikembangkan di wilayah selatan yang memiliki iklim tropis dengan suhu udara masih memungkinkan untuk pertumbuhan karet. Tanaman karet dijumpai di provinsi Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, dan Fujian. Kondisi alam yang kurang optimal menyebabkan tidak semua klon yang diintroduksi dapat berkembang di China. Klon yang banyak dibudidayakan umumnya yang relatif tahan terhadap serangan angin seperti GT 1 dan PR 107 serta beberapa klon lokal (Heiken 1 dan Heiken 2). Penelitian terus dilakukan secara intensif oleh lembaga-lembaga penelitian, perguruan tinggi maupun sekolah-sekolah teknik untuk mendapatkan jenis klon dan bahan tanam yang sesuai dengan kondisi iklim setempat. Salah satu hasil penelitian yang telah mendapat pengakuan dari pemerintah dan dunia adalah perbanyakan bahan tanam karet juvenil. Perbanyakan dilakukan dengan sangat dini saat umur batang bawah 15-20 hari dan entres menggunakan planlet dari hasil kultur anther. Perbanyakan dengan cara ini memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang cukup tinggi sekitar 70%, juga memudahkan dalam transportasi (terutama entres). Bahan tanaman juvenil yang dihasilkan mempunyai daya tumbuh yang lebih cepat, pertumbuhan batang seperti seedling, dan produkstivitas 20% di atas tanaman asalnya.
PERKEMBANGAN PENELITIAN KLON KARET UNGGUL IRR SERI 100 SEBAGAI PENGHASIL LATEKS DAN KAYU
Authors: Daslin Aidi
Published: November 2016

Klon unggul merupakan salah satu komponen teknologi terpenting yang secara langsung berperan dalam meningkatkan potensi hasil tanaman. Sejalan dengan berkembangnya industri kayu karet, sasaran program pemuliaan tidak hanya menghasilkan klon unggul yang memiliki potensi hasil lateks tinggi tetapi juga produksi kayu yang tinggi. Penelitian untuk menghasilkan klon-klon karet unggul baru telah memperlihatkan kemajuan yang signifikan dalam hal peningkatan potensi produksi, pemendekan masa tanaman belum menghasilkan dan peningkatan potensi biomassa kayu. Kegiatan pemuliaan karet  sudah berjalan selama empat generasi (1910-2010) dan pada generasi keempat telah menghasilkan beberapa klon unggul  dengan produktivitas yang tinggi sebagai penghasil lateks dan kayu,  yang terdiri atas klon  IRR 107, IRR 112, IRR 118 dan IRR 119. Pertumbuhan klon-klon ini cukup jagur, rata-rata pada umur empat tahun telah dapat dibuka sadap dibanding klon-klon konvensional (klon yang umum ditanam pada saat ini) mencapai lima sampai enam tahun. Potensi biomassa kayu  pada saat peremajaan cukup tinggi, mencapai 300 m3/ha dibanding dengan klon-klon konvensional hanya 150-200 m3/ha. Produktivitas karet kering kumulatif per hektar selama sepuluh tahun sadap adalah 19,4 ton untuk klon IRR 107,  20,5 ton untuk IRR 112,  19,2 ton untuk IRR 118,  17,5 ton untuk IRR 119, lebih tinggi  dibanding klon  konvensional  PB 260 (17,1 ton) dan BPM 24 (15,8 ton).  Klon-klon ini harus dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya oleh perkebunan rakyat maupun perkebunan besar dalam program peremajaan karet. Untuk mendapatkan produktivitas yang optimal dan membangun industri  perkebunan karet yang sehat dan berdaya saing tinggi, penanaman klon unggul lateks dan kayu harus dikembangkan dengan dukungan teknologi yang tepat.
ALTERNATIF PENYEDIAAN BAHAN TANAM KARET DENGAN SISTEM ROOT TRAINER
Authors: Ardika Risal , Herlinawati Eva
Published: November 2016

Minat dalam berkebun karet saat ini cukup tinggi karena hasil lateks yang memiliki harga jual yang tinggi. Kondisi ini mendorong suatu upaya untuk menyediakan bahan tanam yang berkualitas. Bahan tanam yang umum digunakan berasal dari stum mata tidur atau bibit polibag dengan beberapa kelemahan. Teknik penyediaan bahan tanam dengan root trainer merupakan suatu alternatif dalam penyediaan bahan tanam, yang diharapkan mampu meminimalkan efek negatif pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bibit di lapangan. Keuntungan menggunakan root trainer nampak dari segi keragaan tanaman maupun finansial. Akar lateral yang terbentuk dari bibit yang berasal dari root trainer lebih banyak dan memberikan pertumbuhan yang baik di lapangan karena penyerapan unsur hara untuk metabolisme dalam tanaman lebih optimal. Disamping itu, root trainer dapat menghemat tenaga kerja, dapat digunakan berulang kali, dan biaya rendah pada proses transportasi dan distribusi.
PERAN UNSUR MIKRO BAGI TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Stevanus Charlos Togi , Saputra Jamin , Wijaya Thomas
Published: November 2016

Pemupukan merupakan kegiatan penting bagi perkebunan karet. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan pada tanaman karet berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan, status hara, peningkatan produksi dan ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Pemupukan yang intensif pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan karet akan meningkatkan ''nutrient bank”, sehingga setidaknya beberapa tahun setelah tanaman masuk ke tahap tanaman menghasilkan, pemupukan dapat diminimalkan sepanjang status hara yang tinggi dapat dipertahankan. Namun demikian, umumnya kegiatan pemupukan tanaman karet hanya mempertimbangkan unsur makro saja (N, P, K, Ca, dan Mg) sehingga mulai gejala defisiensi unsur mikro (B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, dan Fe) terlihat di beberapa perkebunan karet setelah beberapa kali siklus penanaman karet.Selain itu, sistem manajemen budidaya perkebunan karet untuk beberapa dekade terakhir ini seperti penggunaan klon-klon unggul, penerapan tanaman sela diantara tanaman karet dan lahan yang telah digunakam beberapa kali siklus penanaman karet juga ikut menjadi penyebab terjadi defisiensi unsur mikro. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran penting unsur mikro pada pertumbuhan karet dan bagaimana gejala defisiensi unsur mikro yang terjadi di perkebunan karet.
Possible reaction pathways of the lincomycin molecule according to the DFT calculation method
Authors: Eren Bahar , Gurkan Yelda
Published: November 2016

Human-used antibiotics are eliminated from the body with little or no transformation at all. Traces of eliminated antibiotics enter the receiving environment directly since they cannot be treated in prevalent wastewater treatment facilities. Thus, wastewaters containing traces of antibiotics have to be treated accordingly. Lincomycin is subsequently isolated from Streptomyces lincolnensis. Lincomycin and its derivatives are antibiotics exhibiting biological activity against Gram-positive bacteria, and are natural antibiotics in the environment as pollutants. This study aims to predict the degradation mechanism of lincomycin molecule in the gaseous phase and aqueous media. Probable reaction path of lincomycin molecule with OH radicals was analyzed. Optimized geometry was calculated via Gauss View 5. Subsequently, the lowest energy status was determined through geometric optimization via Gaussian 09 program. Aiming to determine the intermediates in photocatalytic degradation mechanism of lincomycin, geometric optimization of the molecule was realized through DFT method. Activation energy for the probable reaction path was calculated, and their most stable state from the thermodynamic perspective determined for the gaseous phase and aqueous media. Impact of water solvent was investigated using the conductor-like screening solvation model (COSMO). The predicted mechanism was confirmed by comparison with experimental results on simple structures reported in literature.
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in adults - diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Jocic Tatiana , Latinovic-Bosnjak Olgica , Zivojinov Mirjana , Stojsic Mirjana , Ilic-Sabo Jelena
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder, characterized by abnormal dilation of intestinal lymphatic vessels and extensive enteric loss of lymph rich in plasma proteins, lymphocytes and chylomicrons. The main characteristics of the disease are hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia, and more rarely, the deficit of liposoluble vitamins and anemia. Except for primary, there are secondary lymphangiectasia, associated with celiac disease, malignant, infective and inflammatory diseases of the small intestine, fibrosis, liver and cardiovascular diseases. Case report. A male, 33 years of age, presented for his medical examination suffering from diarrhea and edema. The diagnosis was established upon the histological examination of a small intestine biopsy during double balloon enteroscopy, which revealed changes only in one segment of the intestine examined. Such a finding was later confirmed by the video endoscopy capsule. Conclusion. The diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia is usually established before the age of 3, but it can also be diagnosed in adults. The diagnosis is based on the histological analysis of the intestinal mucosa biopsy, obtained by endoscopic procedures. The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is also made upon the exclusion of secondary causes.
Streptococcus mutans adhesion on nickel titanium (NiTi) and copper-NiTi archwires: A comparative prospective clinical study
Authors: Abraham Kirubaharan S. , Jagdish Nithya , Kailasam Vignesh , Padmanabhan Sridevi
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

To compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to nickel titanium (NiTi) and copper-NiTi (Cu-NiTi) archwires and to correlate the adhesion to surface characteristics (surface free energy and surface roughness) of these wires.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 16 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with preadjusted edgewise appliances were included in the study. 0.016” and 0.016” × 0.022” NiTi and Cu-NiTi archwires in as-received condition and after 4 weeks of intraoral use were studied for S mutans adhesion using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Surface roughness and surface free energy were studied by three-dimensional surface profilometry and dynamic contact angle analysis, respectively.

Results:

S mutans adhesion was more in Cu-NiTi archwires. These wires exhibited rougher surface and higher surface free energy when compared to NiTi archwires.

Conclusions:

S mutans adhesion, surface roughness, and surface free energy were greater in Cu-NiTi than NiTi archwires. Surface roughness and surface free energy increased after 4 weeks of intraoral exposure for all of the archwires studied. A predominantly negative correlation was seen between the cycle threshold value of adherent bacteria and surface characteristics.
A Proposal for an Out-of-Range Glycemic Population Health Safety Measure for Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Pogach Leonard , Tseng Chin-Lin , Soroka Orysya , Maney Miriam , Aron David
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate patient-level glycemic control and facility variation of a proposed out-of-range (OOR) measure (overtreatment [OT] [HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol)] or undertreatment [UT] [>9% (75 mmol/mol)]) compared with the standard measure (SM) (HbA1c <8% [64 mmol/mol]) in high-risk older adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Veterans Health Administration patients ≥65 years of age in 2012 who were taking antihyperglycemic agents in 2013 were identified. Patient-level rates and facility-level rates/rankings were calculated by age and comorbid illness burden.

RESULTS

We identified 303,097 patients who were taking antiglycemic agents other than metformin only. The study population comprised 193,689 patients with at least one significant medical, neurological, or mental health condition; 98.2% were taking a sulfonylurea and/or insulin; 55.2% were aged 65–75 years; and 44.8% were aged >75 years. The 47.4% of patients 65–75 years met the OOR measure (33.4% OT, 14% UT), and 65.7% met the SM. For patients aged >75 years, rates were 48.1% for OOR (39.2% OT; 8.9% UT) and 73.2% for SM. Facility-level rates for OOR for patients aged 65–75 years ranged from 33.7 to 60.4% (median 47.4%), with a strong inverse correlation (ρ = −0.41) between SM and OOR performance rankings. Among the best-performing 20% facilities on the SM, 14 of 28 ranked in the worst-performing 20% on the OOR measure; 12 of 27 of the worst-performing 20% facilities on the SM ranked in the best-performing 20% on the OOR measure.

CONCLUSIONS

Facility rankings that are based on an SM (potential benefits) and OOR measure (potential risks) differ substantially. An OOR for high-risk populations can focus quality improvement on individual patient evaluation to reduce the risk for short-term harms.
The Ward of 1812: Major John Richardson—Child Soldier, War Historian, and the Father of Canadian Literature
Authors: Hurley Michael
Published: November 2016

Now that the dust is settling after the anniversary of one of the key game-changers in Canada's history, the legendary War of 1812, it has become even clearer that this conflict has been best chronicled perhaps by an actual Canadian combatant in a historical text published in 1842, which is certainly one of the first such publications, and first memorialized in fiction in Canada's first national epic completed two years earlier at the beginning of our literary tradition—both written by the same person, Major John Richardson. Dubbed the “father of Canadian literature,” Richardson, a favourite of both General Brock and Tecumseh, is both a remarkable early war historian and one of the ancestral voices of the Canadian imagination.
Nest and nest characteristics of common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and white-throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) in Bangladesh
Authors: Naher Habibon , Sarker Noor Jahan
Published: November 2016

This study was on nest and its site, measurement and building time of Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) in Bangladesh. After pair formation, both species chose nearly 900 sloppy sandy-loam areas for nesting. The nests were tunnel-like, the length of which were 31 to 48 cm (median 36.5 cm, n = 8) for Common Kingfisher and 44 to 86 cm (median 59.25 cm, n = 10) for White-throated Kingfisher. The horizontal diameter of the outer opening of the hole of White-throated Kingfisher was almost double (6.5 to 14 cm, median 9.5 cm, n = 10) than Common Kingfisher (3.8 to 5 cm, median 4.25 cm, n = 8), whereas the vertical diameter was almost same (Common: 7.7 to 10 cm, median 4.25 cm, n = 8; and White-throated: 7.5 to 12 cm, median 10.5 cm, n = 10). The average horizontal and vertical diameters of ovalshaped egg chamber of Common Kingfisher were, 11 to 15 cm, respectively (median 12.7 cm, n = 8) and 11 to 13 cm (median 11.6 cm, n = 8) and Whitethroated Kingfisher 11 to 21 cm (median 17 cm, n = 10) and 10 to 16 cm (median 12 cm, n = 10). Both species reused old nests through cleaning (37.5% in Common Kingfisher and 50% in White-throated Kingfisher) and the nest building periods were 12 to 20 days (16.1 ± 2.5 days, n = 8) and 8 to 18 days (13.2 ± 3.5 days, n = 10), respectively.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 99-109, 2016
Factor influencing the spatio-tempoaral distribution of zooplankton biomass in the Merbok estuary, Malaysia
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Omar Wan Maznah Wan , Isa Mansor Mat , Ahmad Md Omar
Published: November 2016

Spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton biomass in the Merbok estuary were studied. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from January to December 2011 at six sampling stations along the river stretch by using 0.13 m diameter plankton net (150 ?m mesh size) in horizontal towing. Average zooplankton biomass ranged from 0.1143 to 1.8217 g dry wt.m-3. The maximum and minimum zooplankton biomass recorded in February and October 2011, respectively. The highest zooplankton biomass was found at Station 6 (downstream) and the lowest in Station 1 (upstream). Zooplankton biomass varied from upstream to downstream. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that distribution of zooplankton biomass among the sampling months was significantly different (p < 0.05). Spearmans rank correlation analysis revealed significant correlation among zooplankton biomass, chl a concentration and nutrients (p < 0·01).Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 147-152, 2016
Small-scale mud crab Scylla sp. fattening in Shyam-nagar, Satkhira
Authors: Rahman Md Mijanur
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 163-166, 2016
Investigating the Influence of Plasma-Treated SiO2 Nanofillers on the Electrical Treeing Performance of Silicone-Rubber
Authors: Musa Fatin , Bashir Nouruddeen , Ahmad Mohd , Buntat Zolkafle , Piah Mohamed
Published: November 2016

This study presents an investigation of electrical tree performance as well as the effect of filler concentration of silicone rubber (SiR) filled with atmospheric-pressure plasma-treated silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofiller. Atmospheric-pressure plasma was used to treat the SiO2 nanofiller surfaces to enhance compatibility with SiR matrices. A fixed AC voltage of 10 kV, 50 Hz was applied to untreated, silane-treated, and plasma-treated nanocomposites with filler concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt % to investigate their electrical performance during electrical treeing. The result showed that plasma-treated SiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly well dispersed and formed strong covalent bonds with the molecules of the SiR polymer matrix. The plasma-treated nanocomposites were able to resist the electrical treeing better than the untreated or silane-treated nanocomposites. The increase in filler concentration enhanced the electrical tree performances of the nanocomposites. The result from this study reveals that the plasma-treated nanocomposites exhibited the best result in inhibiting the growth of electrical treeing compared to the existing surface treatment methods used in this study.
Structural and Quantitative Investigation of Perovskite Pore Filling in Mesoporous Metal Oxides
Authors: Gamliel Shany , Popov Inna , Cohen Bat-El , Uvarov Vladimir , Etgar Lioz
Published: November 2016

In recent years, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite light absorbers have attracted much attention in the field of solar cells due to their optoelectronic characteristics that enable high power conversion efficiencies. Perovskite-based solar cells’ efficiency has increased dramatically from 3.8% to more than 20% in just a few years, making them a promising low-cost alternative for photovoltaic applications. The deposition of perovskite into a mesoporous metal oxide is an influential factor affecting solar cell performance. Full coverage and pore filling into the porous metal oxide are important issues in the fabrication of highly-efficient mesoporous perovskite solar cells. In this work, we carry out a structural and quantitative investigation of CH3NH3PbI3 pore filling deposited via sequential two-step deposition into two different mesoporous metal oxides—TiO2 and Al2O3. We avoid using a hole conductor in the perovskite solar cells studied in this work to eliminate undesirable end results. Filling oxide pores with perovskite was characterized by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) on cross-sectional focused ion beam (FIB) lamellae. Complete pore filling of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite into the metal oxide pores was observed down to X-depth, showing the presence of Pb and I inside the pores. The observations reported in this work are particularly important for mesoporous Al2O3 perovskite solar cells, as pore filling is essential for the operation of this solar cell structure. This work presents structural and quantitative proof of complete pore filling into mesoporous perovskite-based solar cells, substantiating their high power conversion efficiency.
Endogenous Intoxication and Saliva Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Bel’skaya Lyudmila , Kosenok Victor , Massard Gilbert
Published: November 2016

This research was aimed at a search for regularities in changes to parameters of endogenous intoxication and saliva lipid peroxidation in patients with lung cancer, non-malignant lung diseases, and apparently healthy people. All patients went through saliva sampling at an amount of 1 mL. A concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured according to a reaction with thiobarbituric acid, and a level of middle molecules (MM) was measured with UV spectroscopy at 254 and 280 nm, while the content of lipid peroxidation products was measured according to a degree of heptane extract light absorption at wavelengths of 220, 232, 278, and 400 nm. It has been revealed that in the context of lung cancer, the level of diene conjugates decreases, increasing the level of triene conjugates, Schiff’s bases, and MM. As a tumor grows, there is a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation primary products and an increase in endotoxemia phenomena. The process is more apparent when going from local to locally advanced disease states. The nature of the MDA change is nonlinearly associated with tumor progression. The findings might be used to optimize traditional aids of diagnostics, in disease state forecasting, in treatment monitoring, etc.
Assessment of Forest Management in Protected Areas Based on Multidisciplinary Research
Authors: Machar Ivo , Simon Jaroslav , Rejsek Klement , Pechanec Vilem , Brus Jan , Kilianova Helena
Published: November 2016

The remnants of primeval Norway spruce forests in the European temperate zone are crucial for maintaining forest biodiversity in high mountain landscapes. This paper presents results of a multidisciplinary research and evaluation project on the management practices for mountain spruce forests in the Natura 2000 site (National Nature Reserve Serak-Keprnik in the Hruby Jesenik Mountains, the Czech Republic). Results are based on combining research on the historical development of the forest ecosystem and predictions of future dynamics using a forest growth simulation model. The presented results show that a non-intervention management strategy for mountain spruce forest in the next 50 years complies with the Natura 2000 requirement to maintain the existing character of the forest habitat. Thus, the results indicate that the current management plan for the spruce forests does not require significant corrections in the context of its conservation goals (i.e., maintaining biodiversity and current character of the forest ecosystem dominated by Norway spruce). The results of this study suggest that combining the knowledge of historical development with forest inventory data using forest growth simulation represents a suitable support tool for the assessment of management practices for forest habitats in protected areas.
Complexes Tickling the $ubject
Authors: Gildersleeve Matthew
Published: November 2016

This article continues my earlier work of reading Jung with Lacan. This article will develop Zizek’s work on Lacan’s concept of objet petit a by relating it to a phenomenological interpretation of Jung. I use a number of different examples, including Zizek’s interpretation of Francis Bacon, Edvard Munch, Hans Holbein and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, to describe the objet petit a and its relationship to a phenomenological interpretation of complexes. By integrating other Lacanian concepts, such as subject, drive, fantasy, jouissance, gaze, desire, and ego as well as the imaginary, symbolic and Real, this work also highlights how Hegel and Heidegger can elucidate the relationship between objet petit a and complexes. Jung’s transcendent function and the Rosarium Philosophorum also elucidate the relationship between Jung and Lacan.
Effects of Asian Dust Particles on the Early-Stage Antigen-Induced Immune Response of Asthma in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Kurai Jun , Watanabe Masanari , Sano Hiroyuki , Hantan Degejirihu , Tohda Yuji , Shimizu Eiji
Published: November 2016

Asian dust (AD) can aggravate airway inflammation in asthma, but the association between AD and the development of asthma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AD on the early stage of antigen sensitization using a mouse model of asthma, as well as the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in antigen-induced airway inflammation potentiated by AD particles. NC/Nga mice were co-sensitized by intranasal instillation of AD particles and/or Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) for five consecutive days. Df-sensitized mice were stimulated with an intranasal Df challenge at seven days. Mice were treated with the type 1 cysteinyl LT (CysLT1) receptor antagonist orally 4 h before and 1 h after the allergen challenge. At 24 h post-challenge, the differential leukocyte count, inflammatory cytokines, and LTs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed, and airway inflammation was evaluated histopathologically. AD augmented neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation with increased CysLTs and dihydroxy-LT in a mouse model of asthma. The CysLT1 receptor antagonist was shown to attenuate both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation augmented by AD. Therefore, exposure to AD may be associated with the development of asthma and LTs may play important roles in airway inflammation augmented by AD.
Tension in Cancer
Authors: Löffek Stefanie , Franzke Claus-Werner , Helfrich Iris
Published: November 2016

Integrins represent a large family of cell receptors that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby modulating a variety of cellular functions that are required for proliferation, migration, malignant conversion and invasiveness. During tumorigenesis the conversion of a tumor cell from sessile, stationary phenotype to an invasive phenotype requires the ability of tumor cells to interact with their environment in order to transduce signals from the ECM into the cells. Hence, there is increasing evidence that changes in the composition, topography and tension of tumor matrix can be sensed by integrin receptors, leading to the regulation of intracellular signalling events which subsequently help to fuel cancer progression. The fact that intracellular signals perceived from integrin ligand binding impact on almost all steps of tumor progression, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastatic dissemination and colonization of a metastatic niche, renders integrins as ideal candidates for the development of therapeutic agents. In this review we summarize the role of integrins in cancer with the special focus on cancer therapies and the recent progress that has been made in the understanding of “integrin-induced tension in cancer”. Finally, we conclude with clinical evidence for the role of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in the development of therapy-resistant tumors.
Characterizing Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Faverio Paola , Stainer Anna , Bonaiti Giulia , Zucchetti Stefano , Simonetta Edoardo , Lapadula Giuseppe , Marruchella Almerico , Gori Andrea , Blasi Francesco , Codecasa Luigi , Pesci Alberto , Chalmers James , Loebinger Michael , Aliberti Stefano
Published: November 2016

Chronic airway infection is a key aspect of the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. A growing interest has been raised on non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. We aimed at describing the clinical characteristics, diagnostic process, therapeutic options and outcomes of bronchiectasis patients with pulmonary NTM (pNTM) disease. This was a prospective, observational study enrolling 261 adult bronchiectasis patients during the stable state at the San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy, from 2012 to 2015. Three groups were identified: pNTM disease; chronic P. aeruginosa infection; chronic infection due to bacteria other than P. aeruginosa. NTM were isolated in 32 (12%) patients, and among them, a diagnosis of pNTM disease was reached in 23 cases. When compared to chronic P. aeruginosa infection, patients with pNTM were more likely to have cylindrical bronchiectasis and a “tree-in-bud” pattern, a history of weight loss, a lower disease severity and a lower number of pulmonary exacerbations. Among pNTM patients who started treatment, 68% showed a radiological improvement, and 37% achieved culture conversion without recurrence, while 21% showed NTM isolation recurrence. NTM isolation seems to be a frequent event in bronchiectasis patients, and few parameters might help to suspect NTM infection. Treatment indications and monitoring still remain an important area for future research.
Editorial: Analysis of the Interaction of Dp44mT with Human Serum Albumin and Calf Thymus DNA Using Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Drummen Gregor , Christov Christo
Published: November 2016

This Editorial refers to:
Response to the Letter to the Editor by D. Richardson: Analysis of the Interaction of Dp44mT with Human Serum Albumin and Calf Thymus DNA Using Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Liu Youxun , Zhou Sufeng , Fu Yun , Li Changzheng
Published: November 2016

This response refers to:
How Thumbelina Knows
Authors: De Michelis Giorgio
Published: November 2016

In this paper, I take the book by Michel Serres, “Thumbelina”, as an occasion for reflection on the conceptual basis of knowledge management, as was built by Nonaka and co-workers. The direct access to knowledge that Thumbelina practices together with her peers is, in fact, for me, and is a good observation point to bring Nonaka’s reflection further towards the discovery of a new understanding of knowledge and knowing processes. If the digital revolution is the third step, after writing and printing, regarding the soft changes in the relations between human beings and knowledge, then it highlights the urgent problem of deepening our understanding of what knowledge and intelligence are, changing our practices at the educational level, and designing new digital tools to support our knowledge management processes.
Separation of Hydrogen from Carbon Dioxide through Porous Ceramics
Authors: Shimonosono Taro , Imada Hikari , Maeda Hikaru , Hirata Yoshihiro
Published: November 2016

The gas permeability of α-alumina, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and silicon carbide porous ceramics toward H2, CO2, and H2–CO2 mixtures were investigated at room temperature. The permeation of H2 and CO2 single gases occurred above a critical pressure gradient, which was smaller for H2 gas than for CO2 gas. When the Knudsen number (λ/r ratio, λ: molecular mean free path, r: pore radius) of a single gas was larger than unity, Knudsen flow became the dominant gas transportation process. The H2 fraction for the mixed gas of (20%–80%) H2–(80%–20%) CO2 through porous Al2O3, YSZ, and SiC approached unity with decreasing pressure gradient. The high fraction of H2 gas was closely related to the difference in the critical pressure gradient values of H2 and CO2 single gas, the inlet mixed gas composition, and the gas flow mechanism of the mixed gas. Moisture in the atmosphere adsorbed easily on the porous ceramics and affected the critical pressure gradient, leading to the increased selectivity of H2 gas.
Methods and Research for Multi-Component Cutting Force Sensing Devices and Approaches in Machining
Authors: Liang Qiaokang , Zhang Dan , Wu Wanneng , Zou Kunlin
Published: November 2016

Multi-component cutting force sensing systems in manufacturing processes applied to cutting tools are gradually becoming the most significant monitoring indicator. Their signals have been extensively applied to evaluate the machinability of workpiece materials, predict cutter breakage, estimate cutting tool wear, control machine tool chatter, determine stable machining parameters, and improve surface finish. Robust and effective sensing systems with capability of monitoring the cutting force in machine operations in real time are crucial for realizing the full potential of cutting capabilities of computer numerically controlled (CNC) tools. The main objective of this paper is to present a brief review of the existing achievements in the field of multi-component cutting force sensing systems in modern manufacturing.
How Do Mega Projects Alter the City to Be More Sustainable? Spatial Changes Following the Seoul Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project in South Korea
Authors: Ryu Chehyun , Kwon Youngsang
Published: November 2016

Urban megaprojects change the city in various ways over a long period of time. These changes may be very clear and calculable, but it is the changes that follow which are unpredictable and extensive. Especially in fast-changing cities like Seoul, Korea, projects like the Cheonggyecheon Restoration have massive effects on the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial changes in the downtown area after the Cheonggycheon Restoration Project (2005). The economic; social, and physical effect and the outcome of the restoration project have been studied before the restoration, but the actual changes that occurred afterwards were understudied. Since subsequent spatial changes in the surrounding area occur over a long period, continuous observation on the physical effects should be made. Thus, unlike most studies that focus on the immediate before and after effect of the Cheonggycheon Restoration Project, this study focuses on the ten years of physical changes that followed the restoration. The study covers roughly fourteen large blocks, which were divided into seven categories based on current land use and the historical background of the city form. Physical changes of newly-built buildings, the number of renovations or building extensions, and socio-spatial changes, such as the rise and fall of urban industries, changes in building use, and overall changes in the characteristic of the blocks, were analyzed in accordance with their historical development of the city form. Commemorating the 10th anniversary of the Cheonggyecheon Restoration project, this study provides a better understanding of the overall effect of the project.
Effect of the Resolution of Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge and Calculation Method on Rainfall Intensities in an Andean Mountain Gradient
Authors: Muñoz Paul , Célleri Rolando , Feyen Jan
Published: November 2016

A laser-optical disdrometer served as reference to assess the absolute percent bias of calculated rainfall intensity using the data of different-resolution tipping-bucket rain gauges classically applied by climatologists and hydrologists in the Andean region. Additionally, the impact of the calculation method (tip counting versus cubic spline interpolation) was examined. The combined effect was assessed for different rainfall intensity classes (0–0.99, 1–1.99, 2–4.99, and 5–10 mm·h−1) and timescales (5, 10, 30, and 60 min). Additionally, the variation in percent absolute bias of the Davis rain gauge, the collector most widely used in the study region, was defined with respect to the Texas rain gauge along an elevation gradient between 3300 and 4000 m a.s.l. Results reveal that the value of the percent absolute bias is largest for small rainfall intensities (≤2 mm·h−1) and short timescales (≤10 min), and decreases when the cubic spline interpolation is used. No relation was found between the error, the elevation, and rainfall depth along the gradient. Based on the research findings, it is recommended to measure precipitation in the high Andean mountain region with a high-resolution sensor and to consider cubic spline for the computation of intensities.
Unified Analysis of Multi-Chamber Contact Tanks and Mixing Efficiency Evaluation Based on Vorticity Field. Part II: Transport Analysis
Authors: Demirel Ender , Aral Mustafa
Published: November 2016

Mixing characteristics of multi-chambered contact tank are analyzed employing the validated three-dimensional numerical model developed in the companion paper. Based on the flow characterization, novel volumetric mixing efficiency definitions are proposed for the assessment of the hydrodynamic and chemical transport properties of the contact tank and its chambers. Residence time distribution functions are analyzed not only at the outlet of each chamber but also inside the chambers using the efficiency definitions for both Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) results. A novel tracer mixing index is defined to characterize short circuiting and mixing effects of the contact system. Comparisons of the results of these indexes for RANS and LES solutions indicate that mixing characteristics are stronger in LES due to the unsteady turbulent eddy mixing even though short circuiting effects are also more prominent in LES results. This result indicates that the mixing analysis based on the LES results simulates the mixing characteristics instantaneously, which is more realistic than that in RANS. Since LES analysis can capture turbulent eddy mixing better than RANS analysis, the interaction of recirculation and jet zones are captured more effectively in LES, which tends to predict higher turbulent mixing in the contact system. The analysis also shows that the mixing efficiency of each chamber of the contact tank is different, thus it is necessary to consider distinct chemical release and volumetric designs for each chamber in order to maximize the mixing efficiency of the overall process in a contact tank system.
Computed tomography and radio-graphic assessment of congruity between the ulnar trochlear notch and humeral trochlea in large breed dogs
Authors: Ginja Mário , Fernandes Armando , Ferreira António , Melo-Pinto Pedro , Colaço Bruno , Alves-Pimenta Sofia
Published: November 2016

Objective: Assess the fit between the ulnar trochlear notch (UTN) and humeral trochlea (HT) in elbow radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images by measuring the curvature radii in normal joints.

Methods: Mediolateral extended view (MLE) and CT were performed on 16 elbows from cadaveric dogs weighing over 20 kg. Curves were traced at the subchondral level from the UTN central ridge and the HT sagittal groove related to the UTN on ~132° joint extension. Curvature radii were achieved using appropriate computer software.

Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient between MLE/CT measurements were statistically significant, with lower limits of a 95% confidence interval (CI) >0.75. The mean differences between MLE/CT measurements were -0.71 mm (95% CI: -0.97 to -0.45) for UTN and -1.04 mm (95% CI: -1.21 to -0.87) for HT. The UTN and HT curvature radii typology were similar, with maximum radius values at the starting point and two intermediate peaks. The UTN curvature radii were bigger than the HT radii, with the largest differences in the most proximal aspect of the joint and in the second intermediate peak.

Clinical significance: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on humeroulnar congruity through curvature radii evaluation. The software and methodology proposed enabled an adequate UTN and HT radii curvature assessment in MLE and CT images. Comparative studies in normal and dysplastic dogs of various breeds could better clarify the role of UTN and HT curvature radii in elbow incongruity and dysplasia.
Revision of a BFX total hip replacement stem using a Kyon stem and a head adaptor in two dogs
Authors: Bazzo Sara , Vezzoni Aldo , Vezzoni Luca
Published: November 2016

Objective: To report revision of BFX cementless press-fit stem loosening with a Kyon cementless stem and a head adaptor in two dogs.

Methods: Total hip arthroplasty stem revision was performed in two dogs with loosening of a previously implanted Biomedtrix press-fit BFX stem. Both dogs had a well-integrated BFX cup and single stage revision was performed using a standard Kyon stem and a head adaptor in order to couple with a 17 mm head and maintain the BFX cup.

Results: Revisions resulted in a stable functional prosthesis with successful bone integration at the one-year postoperative reevaluation.

Conclusions: Use of a Kyon stem with a head adaptor may be a successful option to provide immediate stem stability for revision of a loosened BFX stem with a properly osseo integrated cup.