bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Platfoms To Support Students Teacher Improving Reading Skill
Authors: Auliya Prativi Khilyatul , Ardiyansah Tri Yuli , Muhammad Ribeh Najib
Published: June 2021

This study was investigating the platforms on Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) that mostly used by students teachers on first and second year to improve their reading skill. Qualitative research design which used questionnaire and interview was employed to gain and analyze the data. The result showed that 79.3% students benefited various platforms, while the rest never used any platforms to support improving their reading skill. The top-five platforms were; (1) Wattpad, (2) Social Media, (3) Duolingo, (4) U-Dictionary, and (5) Quora. Students favored those platforms due to its popularity, attractiveness, efficiency, and benefit. The up-to-date and popular platform such as various social media and Quora were used to improve reading skill by connecting them to communicate to English native. Attractive platform such as Wattpad, where they could read countless stories was demanded to please their soul of readers. The efficient ones, Duolingo and U-Dictionary were chosen by them who prefer to learn in organized way. Fortunately, all of those platforms offered advantages for students such as improving their vocabulary acquisition, grammar competence, reading speed, and reading comprehension as well.
Die Handschrift des Digestum vetus aus der Bibliothek in Kórnik (BK 824). Vom ikonographischen Programm der mittelalterlichen Künstler zur Hypothese über die Unterrichtsmethode
Authors: Dajczak Wojciech
Published: June 2021

The collection of the Kórnik Library includes the digestum vestus manuscript, the uniqueness of which is emphasized by art historians. There are two main reasons why it is unique. Firstly, because of the number of illuminations in the legal manuscript. Secondly, because of the confirmed fact that relevant part of illuminations was implementing an illustrative program. The paper starts with presenting the history of the manuscript. The main part of the paper focuses on the issues if and how the illustrative program has reflected the medieval teaching method based on the first 24 books of Justinian’s Digest (digestum vetus). The analysis of allocating the illuminations and links between illuminations and specific legal issues give rise to recognizing the main features of this method: central role of the tort (aquilian) liability, semi-systemic approach to the formation and performance of contract and marginal role of the texts related to legal method and general concepts of law at the beginning of the Digest. This hypothesis formulated on the basis of one, unique manuscript should inspire further debate about the fragmentary pragmatic nature of medieval law teaching based on the Digest.
The Importance and Challenges for Analytical Chemistry in Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Batiston Weliton , Carrilho Emanuel
Published: June 2021

Although Linus Pauling had an exceptional scientific contribution to the study of chemical bonds, reported in his book The Nature of Chemical Bond, the lousy image he got for the X-ray diffraction drove him to an unstable structure with an unreal DNA triple helix publication. Oppositely, for the consecration of James Watson & Francis Crick, they had the opportunity to enter science history using the right image of X-ray to propose the famous DNA double helix structure correctly. This chapter of science is an excellent example of how analytical chemistry performance affects horizons and scientific advances. Today the complexity of the systems is more significant and understanding how all proteins truly work into cells and organisms is the current challenge from proteomics. Comprehending how analysis is carried out and how instruments work could promote new insights to improve the analytical performance in proteomics. Here we described an overview based on our expertise on the analytical chemistry toolkit for proteomics analysis: shotgun, bottom-up, middle-down, top-down, and native proteomics, and their inherent instrumentation technologies. In addition, a detailed discussion of the analytical figures of merit in proteomics analysis is provided. We also address the limitations in multidimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry platforms. Furthermore, we present some perspectives in bioinformatics, mathematical modeling simulations, and chemometrics tools, as well.
Proteomic insights into the biology of Clinostomum piscidium from a fish, Colisa fasciatus in India using computational tools
Authors: Chauhan Bhumika , Chaudhary Anshu , Tyagi Anju , Sharma Bindu , Singh Hridaya S
Published: June 2021

Clinostomum is a fish-borne pathogen,digenetic trematode with worldwide distribution. Despite its zoonootic significance, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remains unknown. The present study deals with the proteome profile of the rDNA of Clinostomum piscidium using in silico workflow.The physicochemical properties, mass spectrometry ,atomic composition,estimated half-life in different hosts ,Grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY),extinction coefficient and instability index of the rDNA was studied.We identified hypothetical proteins(polar in nature) that showed similarities with proteins of Trichellina pseudospiralis and Melampsora laricipopulina.The functionality of these proteins revealed their role in intracellular signalling as a substrate for O - linked N - acetylglucosaminetransferases and death transcription factor(DIDO-1). This is the first report of our findings that aims to provide a better understanding of the mechanism by which this digenetic trematode adapts to extreme environments. It is expected that this study will lead to new insights into drug designing strategies and disease control.
Design and performance of subirrigation system in maize (Zea mays) in Kumulur farm, Trichy district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Selvaperumal A. , Thiyagarajan G. , S Thangamani. , S Vallalkannan , Ramaswamy K.
Published: June 2021

Subirrigation system can furnish water to plants. The upward flux and the discharge rate must satisfy the plant’s lifesaving irrigation needs during summer. The experiment was laid out in  A-block of Eastern farm, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu. Subirrigation system spacing was arrived using Moody's equation calculated as 10 m. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design with three replications. Four drain spacing levels (7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 m) were the main plot treatments and two levels of depth and diameter of drain pipes (75 cm, 60 cm & 75 mm, 63 mm) were the sub plot treatments. The highest volumetric water content was recorded in 7.5 m spacing + 45 cm soil depth + lower reach (S1T3T1). Capillary rise on water table management system under subirrigation mode was fixed as 33.5 cm and the average deep percolation loss was obtained in 0.3 cm/d at development stage of crop period. The highest maize yield (4.30 t/ha) was obtained in 7.5 m spacing + 60 cm drain depth + 75 mm diameter (S1D3). The highest water use efficiency of (0.86 kg/m3) was recorded in 7.5 m spacing + 60 cm drain depth + 75 mm drain diameter (S1D3). This subirrigation system could furnish water to plants due to upward flux and the same system also functioned efficiently under drainage modes and removed the waterlogging during wet periods.
A study on comfort properties of oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics
Authors: Lakhchaura Pallavi , Gahlot Manisha
Published: June 2021

Oak Tasar is wild silk with natural golden brown colour and unique texture available in Himalayan region of India. A lot of fibre waste is generated during hand spinning of oak Tasar silk yarn which can be utilized by blending it with compatible fibre to incorporate the properties of both fibres in the yarn.  The present study aimed to develop Oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics and study their comfort properties. The oak Tasar silk and acrylic blended plain weave and twill weave fabrics were prepared with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared fabrics were studied for comfort properties like thermal insulation (clo, TIV %), Q-max (warm/cool feeling), air permeability, water vapour transport rate and were statistically analysed. Results revealed that thermal insulation and clo value were found to be increased with increasing acrylic content in the fabric whereas Q- max, air permeability, water vapour permeability values were reduced with the addition of oak Tasar silk fiber in the blend. The 50:50 blended plain weave fabric among the blended fabrics had the highest clo value, i.e. 0.52 and 50:50 blended twill weave fabric had highest Q max value i.e. 0.109W/cm2. It was found from the study that the developed fabrics are comfortable and can be used for light winters.
Synthesis, characterization and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles: A review
Authors: Verma Devendra Kumar , Malik Rajdeep , Meena Jagram , Rameshwari Rashmi
Published: June 2021

Chitosan as a natural biopolymer has been produced to be the important host for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) because of its excellent characteristics like:- good stabilizing and capping ability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendly and non-toxicity properties. Chitosan can play a very important role for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, as chitosan is a cationic polymer. It attracts metal ions and reduces them and also Capps and stabilizes. So basically chitosan can be responsible for the controlled synthesis of metallic nanoparticle. Chitosan has a very good chelating property. This property is due to its –NH2 and –OH functional groups. Size and shape of metallic nanoparticles are much affected by chitosan concentration, molecular weight, time of reaction, degree of acetylation of chitosan, pH of the medium, method of synthesis and type of derivative of chitosan etc. Metallic nanoparticles`s properties and applications are much associated with their size and shape. Optimization of the metallic nanoparticle size and shape has been the subject of curiosity for nanotechnology scientist. Chitosan can solve this problem by applying the optimization conditions. But a very little work is reported about: - how chitosan can affect the size and shape of metallic nanoparticles and how can it reduce metal salts to prepare metallic nanoparticle, stablilized in chitosan metrics. This is very first report as a review article highlighting the effect of chitosan on synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and optimization conditions. This review will also be beneficial for scientist working on food sensing application of nanoparticles.  Various synthesis methods and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles have also been reported in details.
Isolation, characterization and optimization of bacterial isolate SARR1 for biodegradation of pretreated low density polyethylene
Authors: Rani Ritu , Jitender  , Singh Nater Pal , Santal Anita Rani
Published: June 2021

Accumulation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has caused a threat to the environment because of its stable and inert nature as it cannot be degraded easily by microorganisms. Its lightweight, low cost, strength, durability, and its various other applications, have led to the wide usage of the polymer, which is exerting a negative effect on both marine and land biota. The development of an eco-friendly or a promising strategy is needed to reduce LDPE waste from both land and water. In the present study, observations have been made to isolate highly efficient LDPE degrading bacteria. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to predict the best optimization of media for the degradation of LDPE by isolate SARR1. The isolate SARR1 was selected through primary screening by weight loss method and secondary screening using CO2 evolution test, TTC and MATH Test. The isolate SARR1 showed 6.30 ± 0.25 g/L CO2 evolution. The microbial adhesion hydrophobicity (MATH) was observed during log phase (100 to 56.89 ± 0.97 %) and stationary phase (100 to 82.92 ± 1.24 %). An isolate SARR1 converted the TTC into red coloured insoluble triphenyl formazan (TPF) after incubation of 7 days. The isolated bacteria SARR1 showed 38.3 ± 1.27 % biodegradation efficiency in the pretreated LDPE strips at 37 °C and pH 7.0 under optimized conditions within 30 days of incubation. This bioremediation and biodegradation approach is eco-friendly and safe for the environment. The results of treatment with isolate SARR1 had a potential hope to degrade LDPE at higher rate than natural degradation.
FACETAS DO DOCENTE UNIVERSITÁRIO: CONHECIMENTO DIDÁTICO OU CONHECIMENTO PRÁTICO
Authors: Silva Souza Wagna
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo vem mostrar que o docente universitário é alguém que possui conhecimentos de diversas áreas, sejam elas de cunho prático ou didático. No entanto, observa-se na literatura atual que tais conhecimentos devem estar entrelaçados, pois não se pode apenas ter o conhecimento prático sem o didático para oportunizar conhecimento. Com base nessa premissa, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a importância desses conhecimentos andarem lado a lado nas salas de aula, nas universidades com foco numa aprendizagem significativa que ultrapasse a mera transmissão de conhecimento. Para a realização desse estudo foi feita uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, focando renomados teóricos da área e sintetizando suas principais ideias. Sendo assim, esse estudo traz importantes contribuições para os educadores que buscam melhorar cada dia mais sua prática pedagógica.
Anti-oedematous and antinociceptive activities assessment of stem bark aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) in rat and mice.
Authors: Nguemfo Edwige L. , Kennang Boris Junior N. , Bogning Calvin Z. , Magne Annie Laure F. , Dongmo Bertrand A.
Published: June 2021

Background: Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study is undertaken to assess the anti-oedematous and antinociceptive activities of the stem bark aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata in mice and rats. Methods: The anti-oedematous activity was investigated following carrageenan or histamine-induced rat paw oedema models. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test (1 %, 10 ml/kg), capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain (32 µg/mL, 30 µL) and formalin-induced test (1%, 20 µL). Extract was administrated orally at 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg. Results: Pre-treatment of rats with Ficus exasperata stem bark aqueous extract exhibited significant inhibition of paw oedema during all the phases of both carrageenan and histamine induced edema in rat. The maximum inhibition percentages were 94.75 % (3 h) and 30.64 % after one hour at the dose of 37.5 mg/kg, respectively, in carrageenan or histamine models. Antinociceptive activity showed that aqueous extract reduced signiﬁcantly (p < 0.001) the pain induced by acetic acid with an inhibition percentage of 70.8% (150 mg/kg). In the formalin-induced test, the extract also reduced signiﬁcantly (p < 0.001) licking time during neurogenic phase and inﬂammatory phase with inhibition percentages of 44.75% and 52.78% respectively at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg. In addition, aqueous extract of F. exasperata reduced signiﬁcantly (p < 0.001) neurogenic pain induced by capsaïcin by 71.28 % at the highest dose (150 mg/kg). Conclusion: This finding suggests that the stem bark aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata possess potent anti-oedematous and antinociceptive activities.
Assessing malingering and personality styles in dissociative identity disorder: A case study
Authors: Lanfranco Renzo Carlo , Martínez-Aguayo Juan Carlos , Arancibia Marcelo
Published: June 2021

Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is characterised by two or more identities that control a patient’s actions, each typically with a distinct personal history, self-awareness, and name. They are believed to be the result of trauma-related dissociative defence mechanisms. Substantial progress has been made to determine the psychometric signatures of dissociative identities. However, tools to discriminate genuine DID individuals from malingerers are still lacking. Here, we present the case of a DID patient who exhibited nine different identities. After clinically ruling out malingering and factitious behaviour, we assessed her primary identity and two alternate identities (a trauma identity and an avoidant identity) using the Millon Index of Personality Styles. We found three very distinct personality profiles, with evident differences between primary and alternate identities. The profiles had high consistency scores and moderate to low negative and positive impression scores, respectively, thus supporting the profile’s validity for interpretation. This was supported by a malingering test as well. Future studies should employ personality inventories that go beyond psychopathological symptoms to describe the consistency and adaptation style of dissociative identities when assessing malingering.
The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Effort Allocation: Modeling and Estimation
Authors: Wang Zhide , Chang Yanling , Schmeichel Brandon , Garcia Alfredo
Published: June 2021

Mental fatigue is usually accompanied by drops in task performance and reduced willingness for further exertion. A value-based theoretical account may help to explain such negative effects. In this view, mental fatigue influences perceived costs and rewards of exerting effort. However, no formal mathematical framework has yet been proposed to model and quantitatively estimate the effects of mental fatigue on subjective evaluations of effort expenditure, subject to possibly imperfect self-perceptions of internal fatigue states. We proposed a mathematical framework to model human cognitive effort allocations, assuming mental fatigue states are partially observable with semi-Markov dynamics. We modeled effort allocation decisions as consistent with the goal of maximizing cumulative subjective values over a given time horizon. We analyzed the proposed model structure and developed an estimation method to identify subjective values and hidden fatigue dynamics, which can be based on self-reports, psychophysiological indices, and behavioral effects associated with fatigue. The modeling and estimation method was tested using a simulated n-back task under a free choice paradigm, with model parameters fine-tuned from past studies. The proposed approach was able to recapitulate task performance and engagement patterns observed under mental fatigue. This work advances a reward/cost trade-off account for explaining the principles of effort exertion and suggests new avenues for both theoretically and empirically relevant understandings of how cognitive operations are affected by mental fatigue.
Adherence to and Motivations for Complying with Public Health Measures Among Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Craig Stephanie , Robillard Christina Lauren , Ames Megan , Feldman Samantha , Pepler Debra
Published: June 2021

Background: Public health measures (e.g., minimizing social interactions, social distancing, mask wearing) have been implemented in Canada to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Given that adolescents may be a high-risk demographic for spreading COVID-19, this study investigated adherence to and motivations for complying with public health measures among youth living in Canada at two points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Adolescents (N = 1484, 53% female, Mage = 15.73 [SD = 1.41]) completed an online survey in either Summer 2020 (W1; n = 809, 56% female) or Winter 2020/2021 (W2; n = 675, 50% female). Independent sample t-tests investigated differences in adherence across waves and regression analyses examined predictors of adherence. Results: Youth engaged in similar levels of social interactions at W1 and W2. Relative to W1, adolescents reported more mask wearing, but less social distancing at W2. At both waves, social responsibility and not wanting to get sick predicted mask wearing, and social responsibility predicted social distancing. Being concerned with population health predicted adherence to all public health measures at W1, whereas concern with family health predicted adherence to mask wearing and social distancing at W2. Conclusions: Youth engaged in more mask wearing but less social distancing as the pandemic progressed. Social responsibility and not wanting to get sick were consistent predictors of adherence throughout the pandemic. Youth shifted from adhering to public health measures due to concern with population health to concern with family health as the pandemic progressed. These results can inform targeted campaigns to bolster compliance with public health measures among adolescents.
Aleksandr Tvardovsky’s ‘two fathers’
Authors: Hosking G.
Published: June 2021

Tvardovsky’s evolution as writer and editor reflected the paradoxes of his epoch, and was crystalised in his relationship to ‘two fathers,’ his biological father and Stalin. In his youth in the 1930s he renounced the former because he idealised the latter’s ideology and programme. The renunciation caused him personal trauma, which was intensified by the experience of the arrest and condemnation of several of his close literary colleagues in the late 1930s. Those experiences raised in him questions he could not answer at the time. After 1953, however, as Stalin’s past crimes were gradually publicly revealed, Tvardovsky reassessed his admiration of him. He remained faithful to socialism as an ideal, but now aimed to clear the way for its future optimum development by using memory to rediscover and understand the Soviet Union’s true history. This process required him also to reassess the memory of his father, and to take full responsibility for having renounced him. He completed this evolution only with the composition of his last major work, By the Right of Memory [Po pravu pamyati].
Islamization of Human Knowledge in Theory and Practice: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects in the IIUM context
Authors: Hashim Rosnani , Ssekamanya Siraje Abdallah
Published: June 2021

The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) aims to become a leading international centre of educational excellence which seeks to restore the dynamic and progressive role of the Muslim Ummah in all branches of knowledge and intellectual discourse.Its mission has been crystallized during the period of Professor Mohd Kamal Hassan, its third Rector, as Islamization, Integration, Internationalization and Comprehensive Excellence or commonly known as Triple ICE. This paper deals with the achievements, challenges and prospects in the IIUM context of one of these four missions, namely, Islamization.

 

Abstrak

 

Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) berhasrat untuk menjadi pusat kecemerlangan pendidikan  bertaraf antarabangsa yang unggul yang berusaha untuk mengembalikan peranan umat Islam yang dinamik dan progresif dalam semua bidang ilmu dan wacana intelektual.  Misi ini telah dimurnikan kepada Islamisasi, Integrasi, Internasionalisasi dan Kecemerlangan komprehensif atau lebih dikenali dengan Triple ICE sempena singkatan abjadnya dalam Bahasa Inggeris, semasa pimpinan Rektor ketiga,  Profesor Mohd Kamal Hassan.  Makalah ini membicarakan tentang pencapaian, cabaran dan prospek bagi misi Islamisasi dalam konteks UIAM.
Estudio cienciométrico de tendencias en el aprovechamiento de los subproductos del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors:   Grupo de investigación USTAGRI, Facultad de Administración de Empresas Agropecuarias, Universidad Santo Tomás (USTA), Peñaloza Albarracín Diego Fernel , Laiton Daza Laura Jimena , Caballero Yáñez Daniel Felipe , Blanco Tirado Teresa del Socorro , Acevedo Argüello César
Published: June 2021

El cacao es un cultivo estratégico para la política de desarrollo rural colombiano. Su cadena productiva desempeña un papel importante no solo en sectores económicos, sino también sociales y ambientales, en vista de que ha sido considerado para la sustitución de cultivos ilícitos y restitución de tierras. El grano de cacao colombiano es reconocido a nivel mundial por su calidad y aroma y es empleado como materia prima en las industrias de confitería y de producción de chocolates, cosméticos y farmacéuticos. En Colombia, más de 35.000 familias de pequeños productores derivan su sustento de este cultivo. Del fruto se aprovecha aproximadamente el 20% para la industria de derivados del cacao y el 80% restante se desecha como residuos en forma de cáscara, mucílago y cascarilla. Para determinar el potencial de los residuos de cacao como fuente de ingreso adicional para los cacaocultores, se emplearon técnicas cienciométricas como indicadores de actividad científica e inventiva. En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron indicadores cienciométricos y matrices relacionales a partir de una revisión de artículos y patentes que permitieron determinar el potencial de uso de los residuos de cacao, que enmarcado en los principios de la economía circular, puede derivar en ingresos adicionales para los cacaocultores. Dentro de los productos valorizados se identificaron compuestos químicos como polifenoles, alcaloides y polisacáridos de interés para las industrias alimentaria, cosmética y farmacéutica principalmente. También se destacan las aplicaciones ambientales que involucran el desarrollo de productos a partir de cáscaras de cacao para la biorremediación de suelos y aplicaciones agrícolas como el uso de cascarilla para la producción de biofertilizantes, biofungicidas y reguladores de crecimiento.
Oxígeno-temperatura en la incidencia de Streptococcus spp. en jaulas flotantes de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) en Malpaso, Chiapas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Villaflores, Chiapas, México., Hernández-Hernández, Mayra , Gutiérrez-Jiménez Javier , Ruiz-Sesma Benigno ,   Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México., Bautista-Trujillo Gerardo ,   Campo Experimental Centro de Chiapas-INIFAP. Ocozocuautla de Espinosa, Chiapas, México
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo describe la relación existente de dos componentes ambientales en la presentación de Estreptococosis en tilapia, que reporta altos índices de mortalidad en sistemas abiertos. Por esta razón, se evaluaron el oxígeno y temperatura de 10 unidades de producción acuícola de tilapia de sistemas de jaulas flotantes y la relación con el aislamiento de Streptococcus spp., en una de las principales presas hidroeléctricas conocida como Malpaso, ubicada en Chiapas, uno de los principales estados productores de tilapia en México. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo por órganos para la identificación de la bacteria y al mismo tiempo se tomó lectura del oxígeno y temperatura del agua, al igual que reportes de mortalidad y signos clínicos. El 80% de las unidades fue positivo a Streptococcus spp., con una mortalidad del 50% y signos clínicos en el 60% de las unidades de producción. Los parámetros promedio de oxígeno y temperatura se ubicaron en 5.5 mg / l y 30.7 °C, respectivamente. La relación del oxígeno a la incidencia de Streptococcus spp., se encontró a una concentración de 5-6.5 mg/l y a una temperatura > 31° C. Por ende, se concluye que las condiciones ambientales de los sistemas de jaulas flotantes para la producción de tilapia representan un riesgo para la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas, por la dinámica de la variación de los componentes biológicos que ponen en riesgo la integridad de los peces y predispone el hábitat para diversos agentes patógenos como Streptococcus spp.
Estimation of the Contribution of Dust Storm on April 16, 2020 to Radioactive Contamination of the Atmosphere During Forest Fires in the Exclusion Zone
Authors:   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Таlerko M. M. , Lev Т. D. ,   Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Кashpur V. O. ,   Institute for Safety of Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

On April 16, 2020, a strong dust storm was observed in the northern regions of Ukraine, which coincided with the period of intense wildland fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone. The activity of 137Cs in aerosol particles released into the atmosphere as a result of resuspension from burned areas in the meadow biocenoses in the exclusion zone is evaluated in the article. Resuspension of radioactively contaminated particles from burned areas formed after fires in meadow biocenoses of the exclusion zone can be a powerful source of air contamination in the zone itself, as well as increase of the radionuclides transport outside it. The total 137Cs activity that entered the atmosphere during the dust storm was estimated to be about 162 GBq, i. e. up to 20% of the total activity emitted in the air during the entire period of forest fires on April 3–20, 2020. The 137Cs emission from burned areas during the dust storm on April 16 and 17 amounted to 0.24% of the total stock of 137Cs activity in this territory. According to the results of modeling, the relative contribution of wildland fires and resuspension due to the dust storm on April 16 and 17 significantly depends on the distance to the emission sources. It was found that the resuspension of radioactive particles from burned areas during the dust storm determined 80–95% of the 137Cs activity concentration in the surface air near Chornobyl nuclear power plant and in Chornobyl city and the rest was due to the continuing forest fires in neighboring territories. The maximum 3-hour averaged value of the 137Cs activity concentration in the air due to resuspension from the burned areas was obtained for the location of the monitoring post VRP-750 of SSE “Ecocenter” to be about 28 mBq/m3 for the period 9–12 hours on April 16. In Kyiv, the 3-hour averaged 137Cs activity concentration due to the dust storm in the Exclusion Zone was calculated as 44 μBq/m3 in the period from 9 to 12 hours on April 17, 2020. This value was only about 4% of the total 137Cs activity in the air in this period.
STUDY OF KINETICS OF COPPER OXIDATION BY ELECTROLYSIS UNDER NON-STATIONARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Mamyrbekova А. , Mamyrbekova А. , Kassymova M.К. , Aitbayeva A.Zh. , Chechina O.N.
Published: June 2021

Data on the study of the kinetics and mechanism of copper electro-oxidation -reduction processes in alkaline and neutral solutions were obtained in this work. Patterns of the electrochemical oxidation of copper using alternating current were established. Based on the data of polarisation measurements kinetic parameters were calculated: the heterogeneous rate constant, the effective activation energy of copper electro-oxidation, which allow to establish the course of the metal oxidation process in alkaline and neutral environments and its characteristics. Potentiodynamic measurements in alkaline solutions at a copper anode indicate the formation of Cu2O, CuO и Cu(OH)2. Anodic dissolution of copper in neutral salt solutions includes two main stages: the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions. It was found that the product of oxidation at high potentials is the Cu(II) ion. The nature of the anion electrolyte affects the rate of copper anodic oxidation, while the process occurs more efficiently in solutions of sulfate and sodium chloride and is accompanied by significant polarisation. Based on the study of kinetics the possibility of obtaining powders of metal oxide was shown, which further allowed to determine the parameters of the electrolysis process in non-stationary conditions in order to obtain highly dispersed materials based on copper oxides with specific physico-chemical properties.
RESEARCH OF MALTING PROPERTIES OF KAZAKHSTAN TRITIKALE GRAIN VARIETIES FOR USE IN THE BEVERAGE INDUSTRY
Authors: Madet G. , Bayazitova M.M.
Published: June 2021

Today the beverage industry occupies an important place in the processing industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is one of the most attractive investment sectors of the economy. However, this industry is still not provided in sufficient quantities with its own, domestic high-quality raw materials - rye and / or barley malt. For example, fermented malt is used as a source of colors and aromas. It is the main raw material in the preparation of kvass, kvass wort concentrate and kvass bread, the rate of application of this type of malt is from 40 to 60%, depending on the method of production of this type of product. The processing of cereals with a high protein content (above 12%) and a low starch content and extractiveness is economically disadvantageous, and undesirable from a quality point of view. The most important directions in solving this problem should be recognized as the improvement and development of new resource-saving technologies of malt using non-traditional types of raw materials. Currently, the use of triticale grain in the fermentation industry in the production of malt and the further replacement of traditional types of malt for the preparation of alcohol, beer, kvass is promising. In recent years, new varieties of triticale have been obtained in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which are distinguished by high technological properties, which are included in the State Register. In this regard, it is obvious that the performance of work related to theoretical and experimental research aimed at the development of new technological modes of preparation of malt from triticale is one of the urgent tasks, the decision of which, to create an assortment of drinks. The purpose of the research work is to study the malting properties of Kazakhstani varieties of triticale grain.
DISSOLUTION OF STAINLESS STEEL IN SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION AT POLARIZATION BY NON-STATIONARY CURRENT
Authors: Nurdillayeva R.N. , Sauirbay Zh.G. , Bayeshov A.B.
Published: June 2021

Stainless steel is in great demand due to its mechanical strength, heat resistance, and resistance to corrosive environments. This article presents the result of a study of the electrochemical dissolution behavior of a stainless steel electrode (12X18H10T) at polarization by 50 Hz alternating current in a neutral medium (NaCl). Preliminary experiments have shown that the main processes do not take place when two stainless steel electrodes are polarized with an alternating current. It was observed that by the polarization of the “stainless steel – titanium” pair electrodes with alternating current, the alloy is intensively dissolved with the formation of iron (II) and chromium (III) ions. This is due to the "valve" properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. A change in the value of the current density of the titanium and steel electrodes significantly affects the process of electrochemical dissolution of the alloy. At high current densities, the dissolution rate of the alloy decreases due to the deterioration of the current correcting properties of titanium. With an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the current efficiency is reduced as salt passivation occurs. A maximum value of the current efficiency of dissolution of stainless steel was observed at a current frequency of 50 Hz. High frequencies of the alternating current do not provide an adjustable duration of the anodic half-cycle for the oxidation reaction due to the frequent change of halfcycles of the alternating current. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the electrolyte reduces the current efficiency of the electrochemical dissolution of stainless steel electrodes. The effects of main electrochemical parameters on the electrolysis process have been investigated, and the optimal conditions of the alloy dissolution were established (іТі = 60 kA/m2 , іSS = 800 A/m2 , [NaCl] = 2.0 M, t = 30, ν = 50 Hz.).
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF THE SURFACE OF THE BURNT ROCK BY VARIOUS MODIFIERS
Authors: Rakhimberlinova Zh.B. , Kulakov I.V. , Alimzhanova A.Zh. , Mussirepov M.М. , Nakypbekova N.E.
Published: June 2021

This article presents the results of experimental studies of the process of grafting humic acids and their functional derivatives on modified and unmodified surfaces of burnt rock. It is shown that the inoculation of humic acids on inorganic carriers is more successful with the preliminary activation of the surface of burnt rocks. The acidic and sorption properties of grafted surfaces of humic sorbents with respect to heavy metal ions have been studied. It is shown that many of the modifying additives on the surface of the inorganic carrier can increase these properties by 1.2-2.0 times in comparison with the original rock. Surface modification was carried out by means of impregnation with water solutions of the modifier and subsequent heat treatment; heating at boiling point in water solutions with subsequent heat treatment of precipitation. The interaction of modifiers with the surface occurs by the type of ion exchange for silanol or aluminol groups with weak acidity. It is also possible to connect via hydrogen bonds or dipole-dipole and induction interactions. It was found that the degree of grafting of humic compounds is significantly higher on the activated surfaces of the burnt rock. The content of the modifier on the surface of the carrier is 10-40%, depending on the experimental conditions and the nature of the modifier. The most active modifiers are sodium phosphate and potassium carbonate. The kinetics of the interaction of the surface of the burnt rock with potassium carbonate of different concentrations to reduce the specific electrical conductivity of the reaction mixture over time is studied. A comparative study of the sorption properties of grafted surfaces was carried out, depending on the nature of the functional groups of the humic component of the sorbent, the nature and concentration of the metal ion. The degree of sorption of metal ions with mineral carriers increases from 12-15% to 20-90%, depending on various factors. The highest sorbability of new huminomineral sorbents was noted for lead ions.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING OZONE FOR DECONTAMINATION OF WAREHOUSE AIR
Authors: Abisheva Abisheva Aigul Aslanbekovna , Bokanova Aliya Abylgazievna , Kamardin Alexey Ivanovich , Mataev Umirbek Mataevich , Meshheryakova Tatyana Yuryevna
Published: June 2021

The object of the research is the development of optimal conditions for the creation of the ozone elements. He provides decontamination of warehouse air. The aim of the work is the safety of food and non-food products when treated with ozone. This article presents the calculations and development of a mathematical model of the optimal characteristics of innovative technical means for producing ozone. Ozone is designed to neutralize mold fungi, harmful and toxic waste in various industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All over the world, both in the near and far abroad, aconsumeruse of the ozone elements for cleaning and decontamination air, water and food products. Ozone has an oxide ability, a powerful bactericidal effect, neutralizes various types of mold fungi and yeast, toxic components, etc. This article discusses the optimal conditions for the production of ozone in ozone devices. The authors develop small-sized ozone devices that will reduce energy and capital costs for the technological lain by 5-10 times compared to foreign analogues. The creation of small-sized ozone devices is achieved due to the production of ozone as a result of a corona discharge from a micro wire whose diameter does not exceed 100 microns. The material for the article on the use of ozone in the agricultural sector, light industry and other industries that ensure the safety of food and non-food products was the research of scientists from near and far abroad, as the work of the authors. The article includes the results of calculations for obtaining the optimal dimensions of corona wires. Depending on the demand for ozone, not only the size, but also the number of ozone cells devices calculated. To vary the size and other parameters of the ozone cells, a mathematical modeling technique was used, which allowed us to obtain the current-voltage characteristics of the ozone cell. To control the mode of the ozonator, a circuit with a control unit is developed.
“Sowing the Seeds”: Exploring parents’ experiences of an early intervention programme for children with Down Syndrome
Authors: O’Loughlin Claire , Carroll Clare , Caulfield Mari
Published: June 2021

Objective: To establish the value of an early intervention programme designed for families of children with Down Syndrome. Method: The present study adopted a qualitative research design in keeping with the principles of Grounded Theory through the use of a semi-structured interview strategy and coding techniques. Six parents who had completed the programme participated in the study. Main results: The participants collectively viewed the programme as “a learning experience”, and in particular valued the social aspect of the programme. Some parents spoke of perceived barriers which contributed to a potentially negative experience, such as lack of information. Furthermore, the importance of collaboration between parents and professionals echoed throughout the present study. Conclusion: This paper enhances our current understanding of parents’ experiences of early intervention programmes and, in turn, highlights various factors which may positively impact on or detract from caregivers’ experiences of healthcare services.
A Main Concept Analysis for Aphasic Discourse in Irish-English Speakers
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin , Ross Abigail , Pettigrew Catharine
Published: June 2021

Objective: Various methods for the collection of aphasic discourse samples, including single and sequential picture description, storytelling, interactive conversation and monologic recounts, have been reported. The first aim of this study is to examine the cultural appropriateness of the Main Concept Analysis (MCA; Kong, 2009), a discourse analysis developed for Chinese speakers in Hong Kong, for the Irish population. The second aim is to provide preliminary evidence on the clinical applicability of the tool. A case study of using the MCA to assess an Irish-English (IE) speaker with aphasia and a control speaker is presented. Method: Five therapists, who were native IE speakers, were recruited to comment on whether the MCA pictures and scoring criteria were culturally appropriate to the Irish population. The MCA was piloted on six typical native IE speakers and the modified MCA was used to assess one participant with Broca’s aphasia and a matched control to evaluate their performance differences. Main results: The MCA was considered to be culturally appropriate to the Irish population. Preliminary results of the case study indicated that it could differentiate between normal and aphasic discourse production. Conclusion: Future extension should recruit a larger number of participants and should establish reliability and validity of the MCA.
Parents’ Perspectives of an Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Service in Ireland
Authors: Langford Fionnuala , Carroll Clare , Brooks Phillappa , Byrne Amanda , Carthy Sinead , Garvey-Cecchetti Breda , Laundon Olive
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aimed to explore parents’ perspectives of an autism diagnostic service in Ireland. Method: A qualitative research design was chosen for the study. Eleven parents of children with autism spectrum disorders took part in semistructured interviews. They talked about their experiences and perceptions of the service they received. The data was analyzed using the framework approach. Main results: Parents expressed satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the service. Parents expressed satisfaction with the time taken to receive a diagnosis and the age at which the diagnosis was made. However, parents expressed dissatisfaction with the location of the disclosure interview, lack of information, lack of support following the diagnosis and with the disjointed nature of services. Conclusion and clinical implications: The findings provide evidence to prove that parental satisfaction would be increased by improvements in the diagnostic process such as providing counselling support through the diagnostic process and following the diagnosis, increasing collaboration between professionals, reducing the length of the process and involving parents in the process to facilitate their understanding and awareness. This study provides an example of giving parents a voice to inform changes in practice and to understand parents’ perspectives of a service in the Irish context.
Towards an Evidence Base for /r/- therapy in English
Authors: Ball Martin J. , Müller Nicole , Granese Angela
Published: June 2021

Objective: This article aims to explore /r/ therapy and the need for an evidence base when choosing which tongue shape to teach in remediation. It also aims to explore specifically Irish-English aspects of /r/ and intervention for /r/ errors. Method: We critically appraise the claim that there are separate consonantal and vocalic /r/s in rhotic accents (over and above the rhotic vowels). We describe the various tongue shapes speakers can adopt to produce the percept of /r/. The implications for therapy of the different tongue shapes are highlighted, and the need for an evidence base emphasized. The small number of studies (instrumental and non-instrumental) that have looked at therapy with /r/ and which have mentioned tongue shape are reviewed. We then describe a pilot study of 200 speech language pathologists that surveyed a range of information about the therapists, the clients, and the tongue shape in therapy for /r/ together with comparative success rates. Main results: The results of the survey demonstrate considerable differences in terms of tongue shape used in therapy and probable difficulties encountered by the respondents in describing /r/ errors. However, several limitations to the survey reported here became obvious. Conclusion: We conclude with an examination of tongue shape used in Irish English and the responses to the survey by speech language pathologists based in Ireland. The need for a revised survey of a greater number of SLTs is highlighted.
Characterizing the Experiences of Parents whose Children have been Diagnosed with Deafness in Ireland
Authors: O’Mahoney Sarah , Fourie Robert
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the experiences of parents whose children have been diagnosed with deafness in Ireland. This is relevant for future planning and development of the professions related to audiology. Method: The researchers analyzed 16 letters to the Health Services Executive (HSE) National Audiology Review Group (NARG), which voice the experiences of parents with deaf children. These invited letters are in the public domain and available in Appendix A of the NARG report. Specifically, the researchers analyzed these letters using the psychological phenomenological approach. Main results: Phenomenological analysis highlighted a range of parental experiences in relation to their children’s deafness. Although some parents reported their experiences of being supported, coping, resilience and resourcefulness, most expressed anger, resentment and bitterness towards inefficient diagnostic processes, dissatisfaction with services, and inadequate information and counselling in relation to options and prognosis. In many cases, parents expressed loneliness, uncertainty, and a fear of an unsure future for their child. Conclusion: Parents believed that a great deal of change was necessary to instil confidence and satisfaction in the Irish audiology service.