bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Implementation of English Grammar Check and Error Correction Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Xiuhua , Zhong Weixuan
Published: January 2022

English as a universal language in the world will get more and more attention, but English is not our mother tongue, and there exist differences in culture and thinking. English grammar is the most difficult problem to solve. There are many English learners, and the number of English teachers is limited, and it is inevitable to use Internet technology to solve the problem of lack of resources. The article uses deep learning technology to propose an ASS grammar detection model, which can quickly and efficiently detect grammatical errors. The research results show the following. (1) This study selects data from the GEC evaluation task and analyzes the four modules of article, noun, verb, and preposition through algorithms under different models. The results indicate the accuracy of the four modules. The recall rate has been improved to a certain extent, the accuracy rate of nouns is the highest, which can reach 63.99%, the accuracy rate of prepositions is improved to a lesser extent, and the inspection accuracy rate after improvement is 12.79%. (2) In the experiment to verify the effectiveness of the ASS grammar detection model, compared with the detection effect of the ordinary model, the accuracy of the ASS comprehensive inspection has been greatly improved. The comprehensive accuracy of the ordinary detection model is 28.01%, and the ASS model’s comprehensive accuracy rate of the inspection was 82.82%, and the accuracy rate was increased by 54.81%. The result shows that the performance of the ASS inspection model has been improved by leaps and bounds compared with the traditional model. (3) After transforming and upgrading the ASS model, the three models and other models obtained were run on the test set and the mixed test set, respectively. The results show that the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of ASS model are the highest in the test set, which are 98.71%, 98.83%, 98.64%, and 98.73%, respectively, the Bayesian network check model has the lowest accuracy rate of 51.74%, and the ROC curve value and AUC value of the ASS model are both the largest. The accuracy of the ASS model on the mixed test set is also the highest, reaching 98.01%. The JaSt model on the mixed test set has a significant downward trend, with the accuracy rate dropping from 92.16% to 56.68%. It can be concluded that the ASS model can accurately and efficiently monitor grammatical errors.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Optimum Fiber Content for Basalt/Polyacrylonitrile Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Zeng Zhenhai , Li Chuanxi , Chen Zhuoyi , Ke Lu
Published: January 2022

In order to obtain the design method of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete with better mechanical properties, the hybrid effect of fiber and the optimal fiber dosage are studied. In this paper, basalt fiber (B fiber) and polyacrylonitrile fiber (P fiber) were adopted. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and bending toughness of concrete specimens with different fiber volumes were tested. The compressive strength, compressive modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, flexural capacity, and bending stress-strain curves of concrete with different fiber volumes were obtained, and the coefficient of hybrid effect and the ratio of toughness were calculated accordingly. The results show that the addition of fiber has little effect on the compressive modulus of elasticity of concrete, and the tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness ratio are significantly increased, but the compressive strength is slightly decreased. The mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness ratio, are better than those of single fiber reinforced concrete. The analysis of the fiber hybrid effect coefficient shows that there is a good hybrid effect between the two types of fibers. When the volume contents of B fiber and P fiber are, respectively, 0.15% and 0.11%, the comprehensive mechanical property of fiber reinforced concrete is the best. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the early-age concrete (3 d and 7 d) with this admixture are better than those of the plain concrete.
Transcriptomic Insight into Underground Floral Differentiation in Erythronium japonicum
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Zhang Lifan , Shen Peng , Liu Xuelian , Zhao Rengui , Zhu Junyi
Published: January 2022

Erythronium japonicum Decne (Liliaceae) flowers in early spring after overwintering. Its sexual reproduction process includes an underground development process of floral organs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are obscure. The present study is aimed at exploring the transcriptional changes and key genes involved at underground floral developmental stages, including flower primordium differentiation, perianth differentiation, stamen differentiation, and pistil differentiation in E. japonicum. Multistage high‐quality transcriptomic data resulted in identifying putative candidate genes for underground floral differentiation in E. japonicum. A total of 174,408 unigenes were identified, 28,508 of which were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different floral developmental stages, while only 44 genes were identified with conserved regulation between different stages. Further annotation of DEGs resulted in the identification of 270 DEGs specific to floral differentiation. In addition, ELF3, PHD, cullin 1, SE14, ZSWIM3, GIGNATEA, and SERPIN B were identified as potential candidate genes involved in the regulation of floral differentiation. Besides, we explored transcription factors with differential regulation at different developmental stages and identified bHLH, FAR1, mTERF, MYB-related, NAC, Tify, and WRKY TFs for their potential involvement in the underground floral differentiation process. Together, these results laid the foundation for future molecular works to improve our understanding of the underground floral differentiation process and its genetic regulation in E. japonicum.
Morphological Study of Root Canals of Maxillary Molars by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Magalhães Jackeline , Velozo Christianne , Albuquerque Diana , Soares Caio , Oliveira Hugo , Pontual Maria Luíza , Ramos-Perez Flávia , Pontual Andrea
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary molars by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using the classifications of Weine et al. and Vertucci and to correlate the findings with sex, age, position in the dental arch, and prevalence of a second canal in the mesiobuccal root (MB2). A total of 414 scans were evaluated, corresponding to 1,000 teeth. The assessment consisted of coronal, axial, and sagittal reconstructions using i-CAT Workstation®. Type 0 was assigned when neither classification could be applied. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS. The chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the distribution of root canal morphology classified using the two systems. Analysis of the distribution of Weine types showed a predominance of type III in mesiobuccal roots, while type 0 predominated in distobuccal and palatal roots. Vertucci type IV predominated in mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and type VII in palatal roots. There was no difference in the distribution of morphological canal types in permanent maxillary molars evaluated by CBCT according to sex, age group, or position in the dental arch of the patients. MB2 canals were identified in 68.4% of the teeth evaluated.
Impact of Swimming Gyrotactic Microorganisms and Viscous Dissipation on Nanoparticles Flow through a Permeable Medium: A Numerical Assessment
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Younis Jihad , Ali Kashif , Rizwan Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Abd El Salam Mohamed A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, heat and mass transportation flow of swimming gyrotactic microorganisms (microbes) and solid nanoparticles under the viscous dissipation effect is investigated. The flow model PDEs are renovated with ordinary ones using suitable boundary layer approximations. The system governing the flow model dimensionless equations as well as boundary conditions is numerically treated with the SOR (successive over relaxation) technique. The flow, heat, and mass transport characteristics are examined against the prime parameters. A comparison is examined to be in a good agreement with the earlier results. It is found here that flow and thermal characteristics of the problem are substantially affected by the porous medium. The outcomes evidently point out that porous medium causes an enhancement in the skin friction and density of the motile microbes. Further, the rate of heat transport is devaluated at the surface of sheet due to viscous dissipation and elevated due to suction.
Cotton Fabric Dyed with Self‐Dispersive and Reactive Nanocarbon Black for Enhanced Static Resistance and UV Protection
Authors: Qi Zhenming , Yu Wenhui , Tian Jialong , Wang Kuang , Chen Jiayi , Gao Dawei , Ren Yu , Wang Chunxia
Published: January 2022

Amino functionalized nanocarbon black (CB/KH550) was prepared in reaction between KH550 and nanocarbon black (CB). 2‐(4‐(4,6‐dichloro‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino)phenylsulfonyl)ethyl) sodium sulfate (SDTES) was synthesized and characterized. Self‐dispersive and reactive nanocarbon black (CB/KH550/SDTES) was prepared by nucleophile substitution reaction and characterized by FTIR, TEM, zeta potential, and TG analysis. Cotton fabric was dyed with CB/KH550/SDTES by dip‐dyeing method and was observed by SEM. Moreover, color depth, static resistance, UV protection, tensile property, and rub fastness of cotton fabric were measured and analyzed. Results showed that CB/KH550/SDTES demonstrated excellent dispersion stability. The dyed cotton fabric possessed adorable antiultraviolet and antistatic properties. The preparation mechanism of the cotton fabric dyed with CB/KH550/SDTES was proposed.
A Conservation Law Treatment of Nonlinear KdV Hierarchies
Authors: Jamal Sameerah , Maphanga Rivoningo
Published: January 2022

We study the hierarchy commonly defined as an infinite sequence of partial differential equations which begins with the Korteweg–de Vries equation and its modified version. An important feature of the hierarchy is its highly nonlinear property. In this regard, obtaining solutions for the members of the hierarchy poses a great problem. In this paper, we propose a method to allow for the construction of solutions to the full hierarchy. Our approach involves a recursion operator in the conservation law of the hierarchy. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by selected examples. In certain cases, we obtain snoidal solutions.
A Joint Technology Combining the Advantages of Capillary Microsampling with Mass Spectrometry Applied to the Trans-Resveratrol Pharmacokinetic Study in Mice
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Song-xia , Guo Jing , Chen Li-jie , Liou Yu-ligh , Rao Tai , Peng Jing-bo , Guo Ying , Huang Wei-hua , Tan Zhi-rong , Ou-yang Dong-sheng , Zhou Hong-hao , Zhang Wei , Chen Yao
Published: January 2022

Mice are the most frequently used animals in pharmacokinetic studies; however, collecting series of blood samples from mice is difficult because of their small sizes and tiny vessels. In addition, due to the small sample size, it is problematic to perform high required quantification. Thus, present work aims to find an effective strategy for overcoming these challenges using trans-resveratrol as a tool drug. Based on the idea of a joint technology, the capillary microsampling (CMS) was chosen for blood sample collection from mice after delivery of trans-resveratrol (150 mg/kg) by gavage, and a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of trans-resveratrol and its main metabolites. All the mouse blood samples were exactly collected by CMS without obvious deviation. This provided credible samples for subsequent quantitative analysis. The HPLC-MS/MS method was found to be sensitive, accurate, and repeatable, and the pharmacokinetic parameters for all analytes were comparable with those reported in previous studies. However, the present joint technology offers the advantages of less animal damage, easy for sample preparation, and improved reliability. It has overcome some of the major limitations revealed in previous pharmacokinetic studies in mice and therefore provides a more effective option for future studies.
Research on Effects of Oropharyngeal Aspiration on Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage in ICU
Authors: Qi Linli , Guo Xiaoxia , Nie Chunyan , Lv Xin , Zhang Miao
Published: January 2022

Cerebral hemorrhage is a kind of intracranial hemorrhage caused by nontraumatic vascular rupture of the cerebral parenchyma, which is a common cerebrovascular disease with a high disability rate and mortality. This study aimed to explore the effects of oropharyngeal aspiration in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in ICU. In this study, 96 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the subjects. They received surgical treatment, and then they were transferred into ICU of Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from December 2019 to March 2020. The patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, with 48 in each group. The intervention group received periodic oropharyngeal aspiration, while the control group received routine nursing measures. After the intervention, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the positive rate of amylase α-trachea cannula specimens were recorded and compared between the two groups. After the intervention, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 14.89% in the intervention group and 39.58% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference. And, the α-amylase positive rate, mechanical ventilation time, and ICU care duration of endotrachea cannula specimens in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In conclusion, oropharyngeal aspiration can effectively reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia after cerebral hemorrhage and shorten mechanical ventilation and ICU care duration. It promotes the rehabilitation of patients.
Effect of Oral Vasopressors Used for Liberation from Intravenous Vasopressors in Intensive Care Unit Patients Recovering from Spinal Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmed Ali Ahmed Talaat , Abd EL-Aziz Mervat Anwar , Mohamed Abdelhafez Ahmed , Ahmed Thabet Amr Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Background. Early vasopressor utilization has been associated with improved outcomes of patients with spinal shock; however, there are difficulties in weaning off vasopressors, in which patients after recovery from spinal shock develop a state of persistent vasodilation, which may take a few days to resolve and delays the discharge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis using two oral vasopressors (midodrine and minirin) to facilitate weaning off intravenous vasopressors, reducing the ICU length of stay, and compare them for more efficacy. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the trauma ICU at the Assiut University Hospital in Egypt in patients with spinal shock who required intravenous vasopressor for ≥24 h. A convenience sample was classified into three groups, in which 30 patients were included for each group. The midodrine group received midodrine 10 mg per oral every 8 h with gradual weaning off intravenous (IV) vasopressor (noradrenaline) after receiving 4 doses, the minirin group received minirin 60 μg per oral every 8 h with gradual weaning off IV vasopressor after receiving 4 doses, whereas the control group received IV vasopressor (noradrenaline) with gradual weaning according to the routine hospital care without adding oral vasopressors. The primary outcome was shortening the duration of IV vasopressor requirements. The secondary outcome was reducing the ICU length of stay. Results. Our results showed that the duration of IV vasopressor requirements in the midodrine (3.3 ± 1.32) and minirin groups (4.8 ± 1.83) was significantly lower than in the control group (6.93 ± 2.32). Additionally, the ICU length of stay (days) in the midodrine (5.13 ± 1.83) and minirin groups (5.5 ± 1.91) was significantly lower than in the control group (9.03 ± 3.74). Conclusion. Midodrine and minirin accelerated liberation from intravenous noradrenaline and effective in reducing the ICU length of stay in patients with spinal shock.
Data-Driven Teaching Model Design of College English Translation Using Intelligent Processing Technology
Authors: Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

DDL (data-driven learning) advocates a deep integration of modern information technology and resources based on corpora and search engines with education and teaching, opening up a new path for college English translation instruction. The concept and characteristics of DDL theory are discussed in this paper. This system proposes an automatic scoring model of English translation based on mixed vector space, which comprehensively analyzes the target translation from two aspects: grammatical errors and semantic relevance, in order to address the shortcomings of current algorithms. The findings of this study show that using a combination of English fragmentation translation and adaptive resource push, learners can learn English reading using mobile terminals in fragmented learning situations, as well as receive targeted training for weak links in English reading in fragmented learning time and space, improving their learning efficiency and effect.
Computed Tomography Image Segmentation of the Proximal Colon by U-Net for the Clinical Study of Somatostatin Combined with Intestinal Obstruction Catheter
Authors: Dou Chunpeng , Li Kuiwu , Wang Liang
Published: January 2022

Objective. U-Net technology is implemented for image segmentation to diagnose cases of intestinal obstruction. To evaluate the application value of somatostatin combined with transanal intestinal obstruction decompression catheter in the treatment of distal colonic malignant intestinal obstruction and to explore the therapeutic effect of somatostatin on acute abdomen surgery in patients with intestinal obstruction. Methods. After the segmentation technique, a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with acute and complete distal colonic malignant obstruction treated by surgery was divided into a control group and an observation group according to a random number table. The treatment efficiency, clinical symptoms, disappearance time after treatment, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups of patients. Results. The image segmentation using U-Net can effectively assist in the medical diagnosis of the colon. Our study found that patients with combined treatment with somatostatin and anal intestinal obstruction catheter were relieved of preoperative abdominal pain and abdominal distension; compared with the abdominal circumference at the time of admission, the abdominal circumference was significantly reduced. Abdominal examination was performed 3 days after comprehensive treatment, and combined with computed tomography (CT), we observed that the measured maximum transverse diameter of the proximal colon was significantly smaller than that before treatment. Before treatment, all patients were divided into a control group and a treatment group. After treatment, the symptoms of the two groups of patients were alleviated. The treatment effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%, and the treatment effective rate of the control group was 73.3%. The effective rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions. Through the use of image segmentation technology, somatostatin treatment of early inflammatory bowel obstruction after acute abdomen surgery can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of patients, shorten the disappearance of clinical symptoms, reduce the incidence of complications, and have a significant therapeutic effect, which is worthy of clinical application. Somatostatin combined with enteral obstruction catheter treatment is safe and effective for elderly patients with acute distal large bowel malignant intestinal obstruction. It has a higher completion rate of laparoscopic surgery and a first-stage anastomosis power, which reduces the risk of perioperative period and reduces the patient’s financial burden.
Improving the Security of Reversible Data Hiding Using Multiple Histogram Modification
Authors: Chen HaiShan , Wang Jinye , Zhou Yiqing , Chang TingCheng , Shi KunQuan , Yuan JunYing
Published: January 2022

Reversible data hiding (RDH) allows carrying secret information in cover media without introducing permanent distortion. For a RDH method, the important performance measurements are embedding capacity and image quality. Since embedding capacity is an important requirement in the field of data hiding, it is necessary to consider the security of data embedding in RDH applications. In general, RDH algorithms usually prefer data embedding in simple image regions with low local complexity. As a result, image degradation is alleviated at the cost of poor embedding security. In this study, a novel RDH method is proposed to embed data into complex image regions, wherein the data hiding becomes more secure in defending against modern steganalysis. To measure regional local complexity, the harmonic mean of directional local variances is employed to combine directional pixel differences. To embed data into complex regions instead of smooth regions, multiple histogram modification is adopted and updated for optimized data embedding with higher complexity. Experiment results show that embedding security is significantly improved with a considerable amount of payload and well-preserved image quality.
Field Determination of Phosphate in Environmental Water by Using a Hand-Powered Paper Centrifuge for Preconcentration and Digital Image Colorimetric Sensing
Authors: Pan Zhen , Nong Xiaozhan , Xie Yajing , Li Yan , Zeng Hui , Liang Ying , Zhang Min
Published: January 2022

Phosphate concentration in natural water has been used as a water quality indicator, as it is one of the major nutrients for aquatic plants. However, the traditional phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) method has limited sensitivity for visual or camera-based detection, leading to underestimation of the phosphate concentration. We present an ultralow-cost, rapid field preconcentration and digital image colorimetric sensing of low-concentration phosphate method for water analysis. A novel hand-powered paper centrifuge (paperfuge) is used for sample preparation and preconcentration. This paperfuge is made of two circular paper discs and a string. Six centrifuge tubes (CTs) originally used as glue dispensing tips with a sample capacity of ∼230 μL, are loaded on the paperfuge. After sampling, phosphate in the water sample is reacted to form PMB. Then, the reacted sample is drawn into a CT using an autopipette before the CT bottom is sealed by glue. After Oasis® HLB sorbents are added through the top of the CT, the CT top is also sealed with glue. The HLB sorbents adsorb PMB and are accumulated in the CT tip through centrifugation. The CT tips are cut and analyzed with the ImageJ software. It was found that the blue color intensity of sorbents is in a linear relationship to the phosphate concentration, with a linear range of 0–5 μM (r2 = 0.9921) and limit of detection of 0.19 μM. In addition, this method has been applied to in-field water analysis. The results are in agreement with the standard PMB method.
Purification of Crocin-I from Gardenia Yellow by Macroporous Resin Columns In-Series and Its Antidepressant-Like Effect
Authors: Jiang Yu , Lin Susu , Li Qiaoqiao , Tong Yingpeng , Wang Ping
Published: January 2022

In this study, the purification of crocin-I from Gardenia yellow by macroporous resin columns in-series was systematically investigated. The in-series macroporous adsorption resins consisting of XAD 4 and XAD 1600N resins were selected on the basis of the evaluation of performance and separation characteristics of 17 kinds of resins, including the adsorption capacities, desorption ratio, and separation degree. According to the analysis results, the optimum conditions were as follows: bed volume ratio of XAD 4 and XAD 1600N resins, sample volume, flow rate, and methanol concentration were 3 : 1, 5 BV, 15 BV/h, and 70%, respectively (BV was the bed volume of XAD 4 resin). After one run treatment, the separation degree of crocin-I at 254 nm and 440 nm decreased from 1.92 to 0.08 (

D

C
−
254
 
nm

) and from 0.71 to 0.36 (

D

C
−
440
 
nm

), respectively. The results showed that the in-series macroporous resins revealed a high capacity in the purification of crocin-I. Meanwhile, in the animal experiment, the forced swimming tests were regulated by crocin-I and Gardenia yellow, which demonstrated that crocin-I was the main constituent of Gardenia yellow and had potential antidepressant biological activities.
Hyperparameter Tuning of Machine Learning Algorithms Using Response Surface Methodology: A Case Study of ANN, SVM, and DBN
Authors: Pannakkong Warut , Thiwa-Anont Kwanluck , Singthong Kasidit , Parthanadee Parthana , Buddhakulsomsiri Jirachai
Published: January 2022

This study applies response surface methodology (RSM) to the hyperparameter fine-tuning of three machine learning (ML) algorithms: artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and deep belief network (DBN). The purpose is to demonstrate RSM effectiveness in maintaining ML algorithm performance while reducing the number of runs required to reach effective hyperparameter settings in comparison with the commonly used grid search (GS). The ML algorithms are applied to a case study dataset from a food producer in Thailand. The objective is to predict a raw material quality measured on a numerical scale. K-fold cross-validation is performed to ensure that the ML algorithm performance is robust to the data partitioning process in the training, validation, and testing sets. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the validation set is used as the prediction accuracy measurement. The reliability of the hyperparameter values from GS and RSM is evaluated using confirmation runs. Statistical analysis shows that (1) the prediction accuracy of the three ML algorithms tuned by GS and RSM is similar, (2) hyperparameter settings from GS are 80% reliable for ANN and DBN, and settings from RSM are 90% and 100% reliable for ANN and DBN, respectively, and (3) savings in the number of runs required by RSM over GS are 97.79%, 97.81%, and 80.69% for ANN, SVM, and DBN, respectively.
Blockchain Technology on Smart Grid, Energy Trading, and Big Data: Security Issues, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Alkhalifah Ali , Islam Shayla , Babiker Nissrein B. M. , Habib A. K. M. Ahasan , Aman Azana Hafizah Mohd , Hossain Md. Arif
Published: January 2022

The smart grid idea was implemented as a modern interpretation of the traditional power grid to find out the most efficient way to combine renewable energy and storage technologies. Throughout this way, big data and the Internet always provide a revolutionary solution for ensuring that electrical energy linked intelligent grid, also known as the energy Internet. The blockchain has some significant features, making it an applicable technology for smart grid standards to solve the security issues and trust challenges. This study will present a rigorous review of blockchain implementations with the cyber security perception and energy data protections in smart grids. As a result, we describe the major security issues of smart grid scenarios that big data and blockchain can solve. Then, we identify a variety of recent blockchain-based research works published in various literature and discuss security concerns on smart grid systems. We also discuss numerous similar practical designs, experiments, and items that have recently been developed. Finally, we go through some of the most important research problems and possible directions for using blockchain to address smart grid security concerns.
Construction of an Improved English Teaching Model Based on Cellular Automata
Authors: Wang Chunyan
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the effect of college English teaching reform, this paper puts cellular automata English into English teaching simulation and uses the cellular automata model to study the behavior of complex teaching systems. Moreover, this article uses the method of man-machine combination to establish the corresponding dynamic evolution model and design the local evolution rules of the complex system to simulate the English teaching process, including the movement of students and teachers, the interaction of the teaching process, the development of teaching activities, and the processing of teaching resources. In addition, this paper constructs the functional structure of the system and conducts system verification through experimental research. The experimental research results show that the English classroom teaching evaluation system based on the cellular automaton proposed in this article is very effective, and it has a certain role in promoting English teaching.
Protective Effects of Quercetin on Clothianidin-Induced Liver Damage in the Rat Model
Authors: Gheshlaghi-Ghadim Amin , Mohammadi Vahid , Zadeh-Hashem Elham
Published: January 2022

Clothianidin (CTD) is a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticides. This study was performed to determine the effect of quercetin on clothianidin-induced liver injury (CTD) in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal control (saline), a CTD control-treated group (20 mg/kg) every 3 days for 21 days, and CTD + quercetin-treated groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 35 days intraperitoneally. Enzyme activity, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was measured by spectrophotometry in serum samples by an automatic biochemical analyzer using commercial kits. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate-nitrite were measured in homogeneous liver tissue samples of animals. A significant increase in ALT and AST enzyme activity was observed in the CTD group in comparison with that of the control groups. In the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) group, the ALT and AST enzyme levels decreased compared to the clothianidin control group significantly

P
<
0.05

. The MDA value of the liver increased in the clothianidin-treated group compared to that of the control groups

P
<
0.05

. Decreased tissue TAC level was observed in the CTD-treated group in comparison with that of the control groups

P
<
0.05

. The MDA level of the liver decreased in the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) group compared to that of the CTD control group

P
<
0.05

. Quercetin significantly raised the level of TAC in the liver tissue of the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) treated group compared to that of the clothianidin control group

P
<
0.05

. Liver nitrate-nitrite measurement showed a significant increase in the clothianidin group compared to that of the normal control group

P
<
0.05

. Nitrate-nitrite level in the liver was decreased in clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) compared to that of the clothianidin control group significantly

P
<
0.05

. Histopathological investigation revealed that contact to the CTD induced tissue disorganization and inflammatory cell infiltration, but minor histopathological alterations in the liver tissues of rats treated with CTD and quercetin (10 mg/kg) were detected.
The Synthesis of Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for the Removal of Reactive Orange 12 Dye
Authors: Alsaiari Norah Salem , Amari Abdelfattah , Katubi Khadijah Mohammedsaleh , Alzahrani Fatimah Mohammed , Rebah Faouzi Ben , Tahoon Mohamed A.
Published: January 2022

Herein, we report the nanofabrication of magnetic calcium ferrite (CaFe2O4) with nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (N-GO) via facile ultrasonication method to produce CaFe2O4/N-GO nanocomposite for the potential removal of reactive orange 12 (RO12) dye from aqueous solution. The successful construction of the nanocomposite was confirmed using different characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicating ferromagnetic behavior of the synthesized materials that facilitate their separation using an external magnetic field after adsorption treatment. The addition of N-GO to CaFe2O4 nanoparticles enhanced the BET surface area from 24 to 52.93 m2/g as resulted from the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The adsorption of the synthesized nanomaterials is controlled by several parameters (initial concentration of dye, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH), and the RO12 dye removal on the surface of CaFe2O4 nanoparticles and CaFe2O4/N-GO nanocomposite was reached through the chemisorption process as indicated from the kinetic study. The adsorption isotherm study indicated that the adsorption process of RO12 dye was best described through the Langmuir isotherm approving the monolayer adsorption. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity for RO12 was 250 and 333.33 mg/g for CaFe2O4 nanoparticles and CaFe2O4/N-GO nanocomposite, respectively. The adsorption capacity offered by CaFe2O4/N-GO nanocomposite was higher than reported in the literature for adsorbent materials. Additionally, the regeneration study indicated that CaFe2O4/N-GO nanocomposite is reusable and cost-effective adsorbent. Therefore, the nanofabricated CaFe2O4/N-GO hybrid material is a promising adsorbent for water treatment.
Experimental Study on the Property Degradation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Sandstone under Dry-Wet Cycles
Authors: Song Zhaoyang , Sun Lihui , Cheng Shouye , Liu Zhiqiang , Tan Jie , Ning Fangbo
Published: January 2022

Taking the weakly cemented sandstone of Ordos, China, as the research object, the evolution law between the relative stress of weakly cemented sandstone and the multiparameters of the acoustic emission under different dry-wet cycles was explored, and the critical failure identification mode of weakly cemented sandstone under dry-wet cycle was established. The results show that as the number of dry-wet cycles increases, the wave velocity loss rate gradually increases. Overall, the longitudinal wave loss rate is larger than the shear wave loss rate, indicating that the longitudinal wave is more sensitive to the degradation of weakly cemented sandstone. With an increase in the number of dry-wet cycles, the crack is mainly caused by the main crack penetration failure, and the secondary crack is significantly reduced. The fractal dimension decreases with an increase in the dry-wet cycles and reaches its maximum at 0 dry-wet cycles, which means that 0 dry-wet cycles witness the most complex morphology of fractures within the weakly cemented sandstone. This finding indicates that the dry-wet cycle inhibits the generation and expansion of fractures. The event rate appears to be close to 0 before the rupture, and then the platform oscillates, followed by a sudden increase. The acoustic emission b value is relatively high during the initial stage and then decreases, which is the initial damage process. The elastoplastic phase rises again, the peak stage decreases rapidly, and the weakly cemented sandstone undergoes unstable damage. The change in the acoustic emission entropy value is exactly the opposite of the b value change law. When the weakly cemented sandstone reaches the critical failure state under different dry-wet cycles, the relative stress value is 95%. The test results provide new methods and a basis for the damage evolution mechanism and fracture prediction of weakly cemented sandstone under dry-wet cycles.
Indoor Localization with a Single Access Point Based on TDoA and AoA
Authors: Deng Zhian , Wu Junchao , Wang Shengao , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2022

Indoor localization in 5G and the Internet of Things has been paid increasing attentions. Recent advances have demonstrated reasonable localization accuracy that can be provided by using a single access point (AP). Yet, existing single AP localization solutions require frequency hopping or suffer from degraded accuracy performance due to complicated indoor propagation environment. This paper proposes a new single AP indoor localization method based on time difference of arrival (TDoA) and angle of arrival (AoA). We divide multiple antennas into two groups, one group with close distance for AoA estimation and the other group with the farther distance for TDoA estimation. Then, a joint estimation of AoA and ToA is carried by a spatial smoothing-based multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Finally, we propose a weighted least squares method based on TDoA and AoA estimations to achieve indoor localization. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed single AP localization method.
Prognostic Value and Immune-Infiltration Pattern of KIF4A in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhujuan , Shen Xiaoqing , Luo Shanhui , Li Yi
Published: January 2022

Background. With the development of sequencing technology, an increasing number of biomarkers has been identified in endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, there have been few comprehensive analyses of the KIF4A gene in patients with EC. Methods. Based on raw data in public databases, the KIF4A gene and protein expression in EC were validated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations between clinical characteristics and the KIF4A expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to explore the difference in survival in clinical subgroups. Meanwhile, we used meta-analysis in multiple datasets to investigate the prognostic value of KIF4A. In addition, Cox regression analysis was used to confirm the independent prognostic value of KIF4A, and we constructed a nomogram based on KIF4A expression. Subsequently, we used ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithms to excavate the correlation between KIF4A, tumour-infiltrating immune cells, and related gene markers of immune cells. Moreover, the potential biological functions of KIF4A were investigated by gene function annotation. Finally, we identified the hub genes interacting with KIF4A by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and screening differential genes (DEGs). Results. In the pan-cancer analysis, KIF4A was upregulated in most tumors (21/33). Similarly, the overexpression of KIF4A in EC patients was confirmed in the TCGA cohort, the GEO cohort, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, upregulated KIF4A is associated with age, survival status, grade, FIGO stage, histological type, tumour invasion, and TCGA molecular subtypes (

p
<
0.05

). KIF4A overexpression was correlated with the grade, histological type, and pathological stage according to logistic regression analysis (

p
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, survival analysis and meta-analysis revealed that KIF4A was associated with a poor prognosis and acted as an independent prognostic marker in EC patients (

p
<
0.05

). KIF4A is associated to immune response and may have a function in controlling immune cell infiltration in EC (20/24,

p
<
0.05

). This is noteworthy given that gene enrichment analysis suggested KIF4A may be involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, etc. Finally, we identified transcription factors which have a potential interaction with KIF4A. Conclusion. We provided robust evidences that KIF4A is an indicator of poor prognosis and a potential target for immunotherapy in patients with EC.
Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) Protects against Myocardial Injury Induced by Myocardial Infarction in Rats via Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Jing , Zhou Bo , Jiang Xiaojing , Tang Yanrong , Zhang Zhenzhen
Published: January 2022

Objective. Heart failure and ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are important factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Therefore, we expected to explore the therapeutic target of AMI by studying the effect of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) on AMI rat model. Materials and Methods. We used male Sprague-Dawley rats to make AMI model, and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 d, we detect the success rate of modeling and the expression change of DAPK1 through 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, myocardial injury markers detection, echocardiographic detection, and histological experiment. In addition, we determined the effect of DAPK1 on AMI by subcutaneous injection of the DAPK1 inhibitor (TC-DAPK 6). The effect of DAPK1 on cardiomyocytes has also been verified in cell experiments on H9c2 cells. Results. The expression of DAPK1 in AMI rats was significantly higher than that in sham group, and it increased with time. The expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in AMI rats treated by TC-DAPK 6 was reduced. In addition, TC-DAPK 6 also reduced the activity of malonaldehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase. The expression of antioxidant molecules such as peroxiredoxin1/4 and glutathione peroxidase1/3 was also promoted by TC-DAPK 6. In H9c2 cells, TC-DAPK 6 also reduced its oxidative stress level. Conclusions. The increase of DAPK1 may be related to the pathogenesis of AMI. DAPK1 inhibitors protect cardiomyocytes from AMI-induced myocardial injury by reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in myocardial tissue and cells.
A Brief Talk on the Design of Biopharmaceutical Separation and Purification Technology Course
Authors: He Ying , White Marvin , Gang Wu , Yan Song
Published: January 2022

Biological separation and purification technology is the basic technology of modern biotechnology, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially the biopharmaceutical industry. In recent years, the biopharmaceutical industry has had a lot of room for development in the development of science and technology in South Korea, and the research on biopharmaceutical equipment and pharmaceutical technology has also achieved good research results. This article proposes a brief discussion on the design of biopharmaceutical separation and purification technology courses. In this study, by analyzing the synthesis potential of the secondary metabolites of the strain, using the α-glucosidase inhibition rate as an inspection indicator, the fermentation medium of the strain was optimized, and batch fermentation was carried out, and then, the metabolites were separated and purified, and the following conclusion was obtained: the α-glucosidase inhibition rate of the crude extract of the strain in the optimized fermentation medium is 35% higher than that of the initial medium.
Chemotherapy Triggers T Cells to Remodel the Extracellular Matrix and Promote Metastasis
Authors: Kolonin Mikhail G. , Woodward Wendy A.
Published: January 2022

Chemotherapy can impede cancer progression and is a well-demonstrated component of curative care for some patients with nonmetastatic cancer. However, cancer often relapses in high-risk patients due to acquired chemoresistance and progression to an incurable metastatic stage. There is building evidence from mouse models suggesting a possible stimulatory effect of chemotherapy on metastasis. While clinical trial data from patients with cancer supports the benefits of chemotherapy, the potential adverse effects of chemotherapeutics in a yet unidentified subset of patients are important to consider. In a study by Haj-Shomaly and colleagues, the interaction between the immune system and extracellular matrix remodeling is investigated for its role in the process. The study sheds light on the role of lysyl oxidase secreted by CD8+ T cells in priming the lung microenvironment for metastatic cell seeding, which may represent a targetable axis to further enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy agents.

See related article by Haj-Shomaly et al., p. 278
ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets Driving Targeted Treatment in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Verdaguer Helena , Saurí Tamara , Acosta Daniel Alejandro , Guardiola Magdalena , Sierra Alexandre , Hernando Jorge , Nuciforo Paulo , Miquel Josep M. , Molero Cristina , Peiró Sandra , Serra-Camprubí Queralt , Villacampa Guillermo , Aguilar Susana , Vivancos Ana , Tabernero Josep , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Macarulla Teresa
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Treatment options for advanced cholangiocarcinoma are limited and prognosis is poor. Cholangiocarcinomas are highly heterogeneous at the molecular level, with divergent patterns between intrahepatic and extrahepatic forms, intrahepatic being particularly rich in actionable alterations. We compared survival in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma harboring alterations matched to targeted drugs, with patients harboring nonactionable alterations.

Experimental Design:

Patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated between 2011 and 2020 at one institution, with available molecular analyses, were retrospectively reviewed. Genomic alteration actionability was classified according to the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT) and correlated with efficacy endpoints.

Results:

Of 327 patients included, 78.9% had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 97.9% had received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Actionable molecular alterations per ESCAT were identified in 184 patients (56.3%), including IDH1 mutations and FGFR2 fusions (23.1% and 8.0% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, respectively). Median overall survival in 50 patients with ESCAT I-IV alterations who received matched therapy (48 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) was 22.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 20.1–32.8], compared with 14.3 months (95% CI 11.9–18.1) in 130 patients without actionable ESCAT alterations (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.85; P = 0.005). Among patients receiving matched targeted therapy, median progression-free survival was longer for patients with alterations classified as ESCAT I-II compared with ESCAT III-IV (5.0 vs. 1.9 months; HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15–0.87; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

ESCAT represents a tool to guide clinicians in fine-tuning use of molecular profiling data to choose matched targeted therapies. Our data demonstrate that targeted treatment administered per alteration actionability according to ESCAT is associated with improved survival in cholangiocarcinoma, particularly in ESCAT I-II intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.