bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Başlangıçlar veya İlkeler: İbnü’l-Hâcib’in Muhtasarü’l-Müntehâ’sındaki Mebâdî Kavramı Üzerine Şerh ve Haşiyeler
Authors: Tekin Kenan
Published: November 2023

Bu makale Aristotelesçi bilim teorisinin ve filozofların ilmî eserlere belirli konularla giriş yapma geleneğinin İslamî ilimlerin tasavvur edilmesi ve sunulmasında etkili olduğunu fıkıh usulü el kitaplarından Muhtasarü’l-Müntehâ’nın girişi üzerine yapılan tartışmalara binaen göstermektedir. Aristotelesçi bilim teorisi her ilmin konu, ilke ve meselelerden oluştuğunu ileri sürmekte, felsefî mukaddime yazma geleneği ise bir eserin konusunu, amacını ve sair belli başlı meselelerini ele alarak giriş yapma tarzını sunmaktaydı. Makale felsefî bilim teorisiyle ilmî eserlere mukaddime yazma geleneğinin, İbnü’l-Hâcib’in (ö. 646/1249) Muhtasarü’l-Müntehâ’sının girişi üzerine yapılan şerh ve haşiyelerde kesiştiklerini göstermektedir. Bu metne onlarca şerh ve haşiye yazılmıştır, fakat makalede bunlar içerisinden on üç ve on dördüncü yüzyıllarda Kâdî el-Beyzâvî (ö. 691/1291-92), Ziyâüddin et-Tûsî (ö. 706/1306-7), Kutbüddin eş-Şîrâzî (ö. 710/1311), Cemâleddin el-Hillî (ö. 726/1325), Bedreddin et-Tüsterî (ö. 732/1332), Adudüddin el-Îcî (ö. 756/1355), Sa‘deddin et-Teftâzânî (ö. 792/1390) ve Seyyid Şerif el-Cürcânî (ö. 816/1413) tarafından yazılanlar incelenmektedir. İbnü’l-Hâcib’in giriş mahiyetindeki iki cümlesi üzerine yapılan yorumlar mebâdî kelimesinin ilkeler ve başlangıçlar şeklindeki -ilki bilim teorisi ikincisi ise bilimlere giriş yazma geleneğiyle ilişkili olan- iki anlamı arasındaki gerilimi göstermektedir. Makale İbnü’l-Hâcib’in Muhtasar’ı üzerine yapılan şerh ve haşiyelerdeki tartışmalar üzerinden hem fıkıh usulünün tasavvur ve sunumunun felsefî bilim teorisi ve bilimlere giriş yazma geleneği doğrultusunda olduğunu hem de bu metnin mebâdî kavramının lügavî ve ıstılahî anlamlarını kapsayacak şekilde yeniden tasavvur edilmesini tetiklediğini ortaya koymaktadır. En nihayetinde, mebâdî üzerine yapılan tartışmaların bir bilimin birlik yönünü bilmeyi temellendiren etkili bir argümanı doğurduğu, ayrıca o dönemdeki yaygın bilim teorisine karşı ilimlerin esasında üç değil tek bir öğeden oluştuğu şeklinde bir eleştiriye yol açtığı gösterilmektedir.
Determinizmi Çözmek: İbn Sînâ Sonrası Özgür İrade Tartışmalarında Yeter Sebep İlkesinin Yeniden Ele Alınışı
Authors: Erdt Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

İbn Sînâ, Yeter Sebep İlkesi’ni (YSİ), yani her şeyin bir sebebi olduğu ve sebepsiz hiçbir varlığın var olamayacağı iddiasını savunan modern dönem öncesi filozoflarından biridir. YSİ’nin sonuçlarından biri de zorunlulukçuluktur (necessitarianism); yani gerçekte var olan her şeyin aynı zamanda zorunlu olarak var olduğu iddiasıdır. Bu fikre göre sebepler zincirinin her bir üyesi kendinden önceki sebepler tarafından belirlenir. Dolayısıyla YSİ, olayların başka türlü de olabileceğini telkin eden insan sezgisine karşı çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki amacım, İbn Sînâ sonrası yazarların insan iradesini dışlamak suretiyle YSİ’nin zorunlulukçu sonuçlarını hafifletmeye çalışıp çalışmadıklarını araştırmaktır. Nasîrüddin Tûsî’nin (ö. 672/1274) Cebr ve Kader adlı Farsça risalesi ile Tecrîdü’l-i‘tikâd adlı kelâm kitabı arasında bir karşılaştırma yapmaya odaklanacağım. Bu konuyu seçmemin öncelikli sebebi, insanların eylemlerinin bağımsız fâilleri olduklarını sezgisel olarak bildiklerine dair Tûsî’nin iddialarıdır ki bu, YSİ‘nin evrensel uygulanabilirliği ile çelişiyor gibi görünmektedir. Tûsî’nin özgür irade konusunda, metinlerin karakterine ve yazıldıkları döneme bağlı olarak, bazen İbn Sînâ ile tutarlılık arzeden bazen de Mu‘tezile’ye angaje olan farklı görüşler benimsediğini savunacağım. Tûsî’nin, bazen nedensel olarak etkin olmamasına rağmen insan özgürlüğüne nasıl yer bıraktığını göstereceğim. O, insan özgürlüğünü, insanın karşı karşıya kaldığı fiziksel veya ilahî diğer belirlenim türlerinden bağımsız olarak hareket edebilen farklı bir belirlenim türü olarak anlar. Genel olarak bu mesele, Tûsî’nin İbn Sînâ felsefesine ya da Şiî kelâmına bağlılığını test etmekte ve hatta onu bazı eserlerinde İbn Sînâ’nın bilgi görüşüne karşı bir duruş sergilemeye zorlamaktadır.
Dâvûd Karsî’nin el-Îsâgûcî el-Cedîd’i
Authors: Rouayheb Khaled
Published: November 2023

Bu makalenin [amacı], Osmanlı âlimlerinden Dâvûd Karsî’ye (ö. 1756 [?]) ait el-Îsâgûcî el-Cedîd’in t kikli neşrini ortaya koymaktır. Tahkik çalışması; eserin geniş bağlamını, müellifinin biyografisine genel bir bakışı ve içeriğinin bir incelemesiyle birlikte Ebherî’nin (ö. 663/1265) daha eski Îsâğûcî’si ile bir karşılaştırmasını içeren bir giriş ile başlamaktadır. Ebherî’nin orijinalinden yaklaşık iki kat daha uzun olan Karsî’nin eseri, 13. yüzyıldan itibaren Arabî mantık geleneğinde meydana gelen bazı önemli tartışmaların bir göstergesi konumundadır. Eser, müellifn kendi yapıtının, daha eski bir el kitabının “yeni” (cedîd) bir versiyonu olduğunu vurgulaması bakımından da dikkate değerdir ki bu, 18. yüzyılın ortalarında bir Osmanlı medrese âlimi tarafından cedîd kavramına biçilen olumlu değere işaret etmektedir.
Απομόνωση και τροποποίηση βιοπολυμερών θαλάσσιας προέλευσης και ανάπτυξη ικριωμάτων από μικρο-/νανοΐνες για τη θεραπεία της περιοδοντίτιδας
Authors: Ηλιού Κωνσταντίνα
Published: November 2023

Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής εφαρμόζοντας διαφορετικές μεθόδους εκχύλισης πραγματοποιήθηκε η απομόνωση καρραγενανών και φουκοϊδανών από διάφορα δείγματα του ροδοφύκους Chondracanthus teedei και του φαιοφύκους Cystoseira barbata, αντίστοιχα. Oι θαλάσσιοι θειικοί πολυσακχαρίτες που απομονώθηκαν χαρακτηρίστηκαν ως προς τη δομή τους με βάση την ανάλυση των φασματοσκοπικών τους δεδομένων χρησιμοποιώντας φασματοσκοπία υπερύθρου (FTIR). Επιπλέον, το ποσοστό των θειικών τους εστέρων προσδιορίστηκε με την θολωσιμετρική μέθοδο, ενώ το μέσο μοριακό τους βάρος μετρήθηκε με χρωματογραφία αποκλεισμού μεγεθών (SEC). Επίσης, πραγματοποιήθηκε μελέτη του ιξώδους υδατικών διαλυμάτων των καρραγενανών, ενώ πραγματοποιήθηκε και θερμική ανάλυση των πολυσακχαριτών με την χρήση θερμοσταθμικής ανάλυσης (TGA) και διαφορικής θερμιδομετρίας σάρωσης (DSC). Ακόμη, οι πολυσακχαρίτες υποβλήθηκαν σε κατεργασία με υπέρηχους υψηλής ισχύος ώστε να μελετηθεί η επίδραση των υπερήχων στο μοριακό τους βάρος και στο ποσοστό των θειικών τους εστέρων. Στην συνέχεια, παρασκευάστηκαν με επιτυχία δι- και τρι-στρωματικές νανοϊνώδεις μεμβράνες αποτελούμενες από μετ’ ασβεστίου ή μετά νατρίου άλατα καρραγενανών σε συνδυασμό με άλλα βιοσυμβατά πολυμερή, όπως το μετ’ ασβεστίου άλας του πολυ(L-γλουταμικού οξέος), το οξείδιο του πολυ(αιθυλενίου) και η πολυ(ε-καπρολακτόνη), ώστε να λειτουργήσουν ως μεμβράνες κατευθυνόμενης ιστικής/οστικής αναγέννησης (GTR/GBR) για την αντιμετώπιση της περιοδοντικής νόσου. Η μορφολογία των παρασκευασθεισών νανοϊνώδων μεμβρανών εξετάστηκε με ηλεκτρονική μικροσκοπία σάρωσης (SEM), η θερμική σταθερότητα τους προσδιορίστηκε μέσω θερμοσταθμικής ανάλυσης (TGA), ενώ αξιολογήθηκαν και οι μηχανικές τους ιδιότητες. Η αξιολόγηση του χρόνου αποικοδόμησης των μεμβρανών έδειξε ότι όλες οι μεμβράνες που παρασκευάστηκαν παρέμειναν σταθερές για τουλάχιστον 28 ημέρες έπειτα από παραμονή σε διάλυμα προσομοίωσης σιέλου στους 37 ℃. Ακόμη, παρουσίασαν παρατεταμένη απελευθέρωση ιόντων ασβεστίου για τουλάχιστον 3 εβδομάδες, υποδεικνύοντας την ικανότητα τους να λειτουργούν ως σταθερή πηγή ιόντων ασβεστίου για να προάγουν τον πολλαπλασιασμό των οστεοβλαστών και την οστεογένεση. Η ικανότητα των παρασκευασθεισών μεμβρανών να προάγουν την αναγέννηση του περιοδοντίου επιβεβαιώθηκε in vitro σε ανθρώπινα κύτταρα του περιοδοντικού συνδέσμου (PDL). Τέλος, ενσωματώθηκαν επιτυχώς αντιβιοτικοί παράγοντες στις νανοϊνώδεις μεμβράνες και προσδιορίστηκε ο ρυθμός απελευθέρωσης τους. Τα θετικά αποτελέσματα της μελέτης υποδεικνύουν ότι οι σχεδιασμένες νανοϊνώδεις μεμβράνες με βασικό συστατικό τα μετ’ ασβεστίου άλατα καρραγενανών μπορούν να λειτουργήσουν ως μεμβράνες κατευθυνόμενης ιστικής/οστικής αναγέννησης για την αντιμετώπιση της περιοδοντικής νόσου.
MRI evaluation of trigeminal neuralgia patients in a rural hospital of central India
Authors: Bora Nikita , Singh Parihar Pratap
Published: November 2023

Background Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by repetitive paroxysmal electric shock-like pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. The most common cause implicated in this condition is neurovascular conflict, primarily by the superior cerebellar artery in the prepontine cistern. Other common causes include cerebellopontine angle tumours and aneurysms at the brainstem level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice in evaluating trigeminal neuralgia, with 3D-FIESTA (Fast Imaging employing steady-state acquisition) being the mainstay for assessing neurovascular conflict. This study’s objective is to assess the role of MRI in evaluating trigeminal neuralgia and to study the spectrum of MRI findings associated with various causes. Methods The study type is a cross-sectional observational prospective study conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, on 41 patients coming to the Radiology department with clinical suspicion of trigeminal neuralgia. Descriptive statistics will summarize participants’ imaging characteristics. At the same time, comparison tests will be employed to assess the association between imaging features and diagnosis of MRI with the distribution of patient symptoms, laterality, aetiology, artery, and branch of trigeminal nerve involved. Considering ethical concerns, participants’ privacy will be protected, and all data will be handled with the utmost confidentiality.
JUGUETES ARQUITECTÓNICOS: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN LÚDICA DE LA ARQUITECTURA
Authors: Ginoulhiac Marco
Published: November 2023

La unidad curricular Architectural toys – A construção lúdica da Arquitectura se imparte en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Oporto desde 2012. En sus más de diez años de existencia, ha ido creando y organizando su propio cuerpo de contenidos y ha producido una gran cantidad de trabajos académicos. Nacido de una hipótesis que articulaba la condición lúdica con el proyecto de Arquitectura, ha ido desvelando, gracias a la constante reorganización de las clases y a la contribución del alumnado, una red de conexiones que recorre la cultura arquitectónica desvelando narrativas históricas y conceptuales vinculadas a los fenómenos de la educación y la enseñanza.
ALDO VAN EYCK: EL NIÑO, LA CIUDAD Y EL ARTISTA
Authors: Lacomba Montes Paula
Published: November 2023

Entre 1960 y 1962, el arquitecto holandés Aldo van Eyck (1918-1999) redactó The Child, the City, and the Artist, un ensayo que, en sus palabras, “apela a la imaginación” y describe su visión poética del mundo y su pensamiento arquitectónico. Los editores Vincent Ligtelijn y Francis Strauven publicaron por primera vez el libro en 2008, en su versión inglesa original, pero con algunas modificaciones que lo alejaban del manuscrito. En 2021, la Fundación Arquia, con Alejandro Campos Uribe como editor, han realizado un viaje de vuelta al original con la publicación de El niño, la ciudad y el artista dentro de su colección La Cimbra. Esta reseña presenta un libro que podría ser leído al modo cortazariano, una lectura imprescindible para comprender la teoría que sostiene la obra de Van Eyck y que es, además, susceptible de iluminar múltiples nuevas interpretaciones
The Dynamic Informativeness of Scheduled News
Authors: Crego Julio A. , Gider Jasmin
Published: November 2023

We propose a method to identify the informativeness of a future scheduled announcement at the daily level, exploiting the discontinuity it creates in the term structure of option volatility. We implement the strategy in a panel data model to estimate the relation between prior signals and the future announcement. This method allows us to separate substitutes from complements, it can isolate multiple signals within the same quarter, and it can condition on the timing and signal characteristics. We find that analyst forecasts substitute earnings announcement information and that recommendations do not provide extra information on top of forecasts. Moreover, our evidence suggests that insiders sell to avoid uncertainty when the announcement is far away but pull forward earnings information when they trade one month before.

This paper was accepted by Eric So, accounting.

Funding: This publication is part of the project “Eliciting the properties of private signals” (with project number VI.Veni.201E.029 of the research program VENI SGW, which is (partly) financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4970 .
Improving Envy Freeness up to Any Good Guarantees Through Rainbow Cycle Number
Authors: Chaudhury Bhaskar Ray , Garg Jugal , Mehlhorn Kurt , Mehta Ruta , Misra Pranabendu
Published: November 2023

We study the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among n agents with additive valuations. Envy freeness up to any good (EFX) is arguably the most compelling fairness notion in this context. However, the existence of an EFX allocation has not been settled and is one of the most important problems in fair division. Toward resolving this question, many impressive results show the existence of its relaxations. In particular, it is known that 0.618-EFX allocations exist and that EFX allocation exists if we do not allocate at most (n-1) goods. Reducing the number of unallocated goods has emerged as a systematic way to tackle the main question. For example, follow-up works on three- and four-agents cases, respectively, allocated two more unallocated goods through an involved procedure. In this paper, we study the general case and achieve sublinear numbers of unallocated goods. Through a new approach, we show that for every [Formula: see text], there always exists a [Formula: see text]-EFX allocation with sublinear number of unallocated goods and high Nash welfare. For this, we reduce the EFX problem to a novel problem in extremal graph theory. We define the notion of rainbow cycle number [Formula: see text] in directed graphs. For all [Formula: see text] is the largest k such that there exists a k-partite graph [Formula: see text], in which each part has at most d vertices (i.e., [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]); for any two parts Vi and Vj, each vertex in Vi has an incoming edge from some vertex in Vj and vice versa; and there exists no cycle in G that contains at most one vertex from each part. We show that any upper bound on [Formula: see text] directly translates to a sublinear bound on the number of unallocated goods. We establish a polynomial upper bound on [Formula: see text], yielding our main result. Furthermore, our approach is constructive, which also gives a polynomial-time algorithm for finding such an allocation.

Funding: J. Garg was supported by the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering [Grant CCF-1942321]. R. Mehta was supported by the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering [Grant CCF-1750436].
Hiding in Plain Sight: Co-Enacting the Sustainable Worker Schema in a Consulting Firm
Authors: Heaphy Emily D. , Trefalt Špela
Published: November 2023

This inductive study of 44 consultants in a prominent consulting firm examines how consultants set work-life boundaries without getting stigmatized and how they develop their workplace relationships into sources of help for this process. Within this organization, dominated by the ideal worker norm, we found a hidden, self-sustaining network of consultants who delivered excellent work while violating the ideal worker norm without stigmatization. Their way of working was based on a coherent set of beliefs about work and the work-life interface we named the sustainable worker schema, which contrasted with the ideal worker schema in all ways except in the ultimate goals: high performance and excellent work. Essential to this way of working was not only effective management of boundaries between work and life outside of work (work-life boundaries) but also effective management of boundaries around each work task or project (work boundaries). Consultants who embraced the sustainable worker schema worked fewer hours and achieved higher satisfaction with work-life balance than their counterparts. Together, these findings highlight the importance of embracing the centrality of work in work-life research; underscore the power of invisibility when challenging the ideal worker norm; and paint a rich picture of boundary work as a network-level phenomenon.

Funding: This work was supported by Simmons University [Diane K. Trust Chair in Leadership Development, President’s Fund for Faculty Excellence] and University of Massachusetts Amherst [John F. Kennedy Faculty Fellowship].
CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS E AS AGLOMERAÇÕES DO SETOR DE SERVIÇOS E DA IND´ÚSTRIA : uma análise espacial
Authors: Raiher Augusta Pelinski
Published: November 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto das aglomerações de determinados segmentos do setor de serviços e do setor industrial no crescimento econômico dos municípios brasileiros. De forma específica, focou-se nas empresas de prestação de serviços de negócios intensivos em conhecimento (ECS) e nas empresas de prestação de serviços de negócios não intensivos em conhecimento (ENCS), utilizando painel espacial, com a inclusão de variáveis instrumentais. Como corolário, as aglomerações industriais se apresentaram importantes na determinação do crescimento econômico ao longo do Brasil; já as ENCS e ECS não foram estatisticamente significativas, não afetando a dinâmica das economias locais. No caso das aglomerações de ECS, regionalmente se teve impacto no grupo formando pelo Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, ou seja, nas regiões com maior dinamismo econômico.
ESPECIALIZAÇÃO E COMPETITIVIDADE SETORIAL DOS TERRITÓRIOS DE PLANEJAMENTO DE SERGIPE NA ARRECADAÇÃO DO ICMS
Authors: Silva Pedrosa Lucas , Carlos de Santana Ribeiro Luiz , Mercado Alvarenga Samia
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho analisa se houve mudança na participação de diferentes setores dos territórios de planejamento de Sergipe por meio da arrecadação do ICMS no período 2016-2020. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método diferencial-estrutural com a mudança proposta por Esteban-Marquillas (1972). Os principais resultados indicam que, apesar de a região da Grande Aracaju ainda ser o principal motor produtivo do estado, houve expressiva interiorização de alguns setores, como agricultura e comércio, que se tornaram especializados e competitivos em diversos territórios do planejamento do estado. A indústria e os serviços, por sua vez, apesar de ainda apresentarem vantagem competitiva na maioria dos territórios, vêm perdendo seu grau de especialização ao longo do período.
O ESQUEMATISMO EPIDÉRMICO DE FANON E AS VIDAS QUE IMPORTAM
Authors: Pereira de Queiroz Ivo , Falabretti Ericson Savio
Published: November 2023

RESUMO: Alarmadas pelos bombardeios russos sobre cidades ucranianas, as massas populares, aterrorizadas, saíram em debandada. Inicialmente, procuravam refúgio nos países vizinhos. Em meio à profusão de relatos sobre os efeitos materiais e emocionais dos ataques, causas e efeitos do conflito, chegaram ao conhecimento público o racismo ucraniano contra pessoas negras. Estas, estavam sendo impedidas de deixar a Ucrânia porque as autoridades decidiram que, primeiramente, deveriam proteger e salvar as pessoas brancas. Algumas semanas antes, na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, um homem negro foi morto pelo vizinho, militar da Marinha, após o atirador achar que se tratava de um assaltante. Naturalizou-se matança de pessoas negras, no Brasil, e os protestos contra esta barbárie são vistos com maus olhos. O que estes episódios, afastados geograficamente por milhares de quilômetros, têm em comum com a fenomenologia do racismo desenvolvida por Frantz Fanon?  A análise desta aproximação será feita através do levantamento de reflexões de Fanon sobre as metafísicas da brancura e da negrura, do esquematismo epidérmico e do racismo cultural.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura. Esquema Epidérmico. Fenomenologia. Racismo.

 

ABSTRACT: Alarmed by Russian bombings of the Ukrainian cities, terrified masses of people fled. Initially, sought refuge in the neighboring countries.  Amidst of the profusion of reports about the material and emotional effects of the attacks, causes and effects of the conflict, the Ukrainian racism against black people came to public attention. These were being prevented from leaving Ukraine because the authorities decided they had to protect and save white people first. A few weeks earlier, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, a black man was killed by his neighbor, a Navy soldier, after the shooter thought that he was an assailant. The killing of black people has become naturalized in Brazil, and protests about this barbarity are viewed with bad eyes. What does these episodes, geographically separated by thousands of kilometers, have in common with the phenomenology of racism developed by Frantz Fanon? The analysis of this approximation will be done through a survey of Fanon's reflections of the metaphysics of whiteness and blackness, epidermal schematism and cultural racism.

KEYWORDS: Culture. Epidermal Schematism. Phenomenology. Racism.
DEVIR DIASPÓRICO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM UNIVERSALISMO HÍBRIDO
Authors: Vilhena Adeilson Lobato
Published: November 2023

Buscar-se-á neste artigo elementos teóricos que ajude a pensar o conceito de um novo modelo de universalismo, todavia, que não seja aos moldes do universalismo unilateral, apresentado pelo pensamento ocidental, e que teve a razão como guia unificadora das experiências individuais. Nossa hipótese é de que há um devir poético negro, portanto, diaspórico que se mostra em travessia que, ao se encontrar com outros devires, ou com outras humanidades   passa a reconfigurar o universalismo, agora, de feição híbrida. Para tanto, partimos de uma abertura conceitual na configuração da metafísica tradicional, empreendida por Bergson, que nos ajuda a conceber ontologicamente o sentido de devir vital. Ver-se-á que a irradiação do pensamento de Bergson lança luz à estrutura teórica desenvolvida por Senghor em seu empreendimento de melhor pensar a constituição de um universal pós-colonial, uma vez que esse universal é atravessado e movido pelo que o poeta da négritude vem chamar de devir negro. Tal devir possibilita ânimo à construção de outra universalidade, aliás, é dele que vem a principal contribuição d’ África negra à civilização do universal.

Palavras-chave: Bergson; Senghor; Devir; Universalismo.
Consideraciones bioéticas para la investigación sobre los programas de residencias médicas
Authors: Díaz Torres Sofía Teresa
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo argumenta que es necesaria la investigación sobre los programas de residencias médicas para mejorar el entorno laboral y académico que viven los médicos y médicas en su formación como especialistas. Por lo que se proponen algunas consideraciones para garantizar una investigación ética. Para ello, el artículo sigue la estructura de dos premisas y una conclusión, donde cada premisa se fundamenta analíticamente. La primera premisa es que los factores estructurales de los programas de residencias médicas conducen a una condición de vulnerabilidad, se sustenta la primera premisa al explorar los factores estructurales que contribuyen a su vulnerabilidad desde el análisis del contexto mexicano y el marco teórico de la interseccionalidad. Así, se presentan algunas de las características que se entrecruzan y determinan la forma en la que los y las residentes experimentan en sus espacios sociales y ambientes de desarrollo. La segunda premisa es que la investigación de un grupo vulnerable conduce al desarrollo de estrategias para el cambio. El artículo reconoce la necesidad de investigar y desarrollar intervenciones para los grupos sociales vulnerables con el fin de mejorar su situación y proporcionar un entorno más seguro.
Gender (in)equality, maritime economies, and numeracy development in Greece during the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Alexopoulou Kleoniki , Baten Joerg
Published: November 2023

We study the history of human capital in Greece during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We investigate the numeracy skills of the population both at national and regional levels. Furthermore, we test the effect of gender equality, as well as geographic, demographic and socio-economic factors such as agricultural specialisation (crops, livestock), trade and industry development, urbanisation, and migration on numeracy. We find that in Greece the gender gap is highly correlated with numeracy and its effect fades out around 1910. We show that maritime orientation of the island economies was highly complementary with early numerical human capital and increasing gender equality.
From sickle to hammer: the decline of production frictions and the industrialization of Russia
Authors: Blasco-i-Piles Guillem , Tadei Federico
Published: November 2023

Cheremukhin et al. (2017) suggest that a reduction in frictions in the production process accounted for most of the structural change experienced by the Russian economy in 1885– 1940. Yet, what was responsible for this reduction? In this paper, we first reconstruct an annual time series of production frictions in 1885–1940, complementing the data provided by Cheremukhin et al. (2017). Then, we verify whether the trends in such frictions are consistent with the set of policies implemented by the different governments (Tsarism, War communism, The New Economic Policy, and Stalin’s policies) by using a decomposition and regression analysis. Our findings, though speculative, indicate that the reduction in production frictions correlates with the implementation of Stalin’s industrial policies, i.e., high level of investments, lax provision of bank credit to the heavy industry state-owned enterprises, and high production objectives.
Introduction: “Theory and econometrics in historical analysis”
Authors: Cappelli Gabriele , Benos Nikos , Goletsis Yorgos
Published: November 2023

This article introduces the special issue of the Revista de Historia Industrial – Industrial History Review on theory and econometrics in historical analysis. First, it briefly reviews the literature on the evolution of economic history since the so-called cliometric revolution, i.e., the growing use of theory to frame historical evidence and the increasing use of quantitative techniques, particularly to study causality. Secondly, it provides an overview of how a potential data revolution – prompted by technological progress in historical-data collection and processing – may be affecting the field. Lastly, the introduction provides a succinct summary of the articles included in the special issue, which highlight how economic theory and new quantitative analysis can be used to explore a range of issues within economic history, spanning different countries and time periods.
Anna Kouppanou: Author–Cyprus
Authors: Kouppanou Anna
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "My books care to offer a space in which children can experience moments of safety within a world that is just coming into being, a world that invites them to think for themselves and to change it—if they wish to do so."
Gilles Bachelet: Illustrator–France
Authors: Bachelet Gilles
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Sometimes a sentence amuses me and I look for an image that can illustrate it, but it is often the desire to draw a particular situation that will determine the text."
Joko Iwase: Author–Japan
Authors: Iwase Joko
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I myself certainly have focused on my own childhood. I have never stopped wondering what it meant for me to be a child. Indeed, my impression is that being a child means simultaneously living and being destroyed…"
Lee Geum-yi: Author–Republic of Korea
Authors: Geum-yi Lee
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I know that books exist in this world because of readers, and as a writer, I would like to share with young readers the joy and comfort I experienced reading books as a child."
Damijan Stepančič: Illustrator–Slovenia
Authors: Stepančič Damijan
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I ground my work on close reading, reading between the lines, constantly thinking about things and combining them. […] You don't have to have the same opinion as me, but do engage yourself in the world, don't just stay quiet. I try to take a stand in what I do."
Jackie Morris: Illustrator–United Kingdom
Authors: Morris Jackie
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Sometimes when I have paintings in a gallery, people say that one made them cry. And sometimes they come back later and say that they had to buy a picture because it was in their dreams… That really is a privilege, to be able to get into people's dreams."
Raim Hakimzoda Farkhadi: Author–Uzbekistan
Authors: Farkhadi Raim Hakimzoda
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I've come up with a formula for myself; it is to write as for adults, but even better, in a language that is understandable to children as much as possible, to speak to them as equals, to be their peer. But without a big heart, sympathizing, and empathizing, it is impossible to achieve that. Only then you do begin to be trusted, you become their own."
Finding Common Barriers and Facilitators for Cervical Cancer Screening in Sexual and Gender Diverse People: An Integrative Review
Authors: Francis Isabel J.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Background. Sexual and gender diverse (SGD) people have lower rates of cervical cancer screening than cisgender, heterosexual people, putting them at greater risk for disease. Few, if any, studies have examined facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening common to all subgroups of SGD people with a cervix. Methods. An integrative review regarding cervical cancer screening by SGD people was conducted using Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The National Institutes of Health's Sexual and Gender Minorities Health Disparities Research Framework was used to interpret the findings. An electronic database search identified 17 peer-reviewed articles for inclusion. Results. Quantitative and qualitative studies and reviews took various approaches. Barriers common to all subgroups exist at the personal, interpersonal, community, and societal levels, including lack of insurance, lack of primary care provider, poor provider communication, discrimination, and insufficient provider education. Conclusion. Identification of common barriers and facilitators can be used to enhance educational curricula and intervention development to increase cervical cancer screening among SGD people.
Unmet Need for School-Based Substance Use Prevention Strategies Among Secondary Schools in Orlu, Imo State
Authors: Aguocha Chinyere M , Merenu Irene
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Background. In Nigeria, the use of psychoactive substances has reached an epidemic proportion while substance use prevention remains inadequate or unavailable. Methods. Cross-sectional data from 300 Junior Secondary School students in Imo state were analyzed to evaluate the unmet need for school-based substance use prevention strategies among secondary school students in Orlu, Imo state. Information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results. Substance use was common with easy access to psychoactive substances for young people. There was a perceived need for substance use prevention strategies in their school with most students lacking access to basic preventive strategies. Conclusion. Though there was a high need for preventive strategies for substance abuse among secondary school students in Orlu, few strategies were in place to meet the needs of the students.
Teledentistry Acceptability Among Latina/o/x Adults in Rural Southwest Virginia
Authors: García Dina T. , Ruiz Stacey Y. , Siles Kimberly , Akinkugbe Aderonke A.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Inequitable access to dental care remains a barrier to optimal health for rural populations. With the COVID-19 pandemic, teledentistry to improve the delivery of oral health care has been emphasized. Few previous investigations of teledentistry acceptability have included Latina/o/x populations in rural areas of the United States. We recruited Latina/o/x adults (N=91) in rural southwest Virginia to participate in a survey to assess correlates related to teledentistry acceptability. More than half of participants (57%) reported no interest in using teledentistry if it were available. Having a yearly household income above $24,000 and not having dental insurance were positively associated with telehealth acceptability (p=.04 and p=.01, respectively). Inequitable access to dental care may persist even with broad availability of teledentistry services unless there is explicit integration of health equity.
A Quasi-experimental Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis Prevention at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Kamulegeya Adriane , Rwenyonyi Charles Mugisha , Orem Jackson , Nakanjako Damalie
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Introduction. Low-cost interventions such as cryotherapy are not routinely practiced in sub-Saharan Africa to prevent chemotherapeutic-induced oral mucositis. We investigated the feasibility and effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Methods. This was a quasi-experimental nonequivalent research study design. We had two groups with each group meant to have 100 participants. We analyzed based on participants who underwent the protocol procedures. Results. Only cancer types were significantly different between the control and intervention groups (χ2=31.09, df =18, p=.030). Twenty percent (n=19) out of the 95, while 8.2% (n=7) out of the 85 in the control and intervention groups respectively developed moderate to severe mucositis (Mantel-Cox and Generalized Wilcoxon p= .026 and p=.031, respectively). Conclusion. The use of cryotherapy in our local setting and many sub-Saharan African countries is feasible and affordable to prevent and control chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
Addressing Legal Needs as Violence Prevention: A National Survey of Legal Services Offered through Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs
Authors: Gallen Kate , Loughran Carly , Smith MJ , Schille Caitlin , Schuster Kirsten , Reese Mildred , Sonnenberg Jake , Song Ji Seon , Kaufman Elinore , Hall Erin C.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) provide comprehensive services to survivors of community violence to address social determinants of health (SDOH) as risks factors for future violence. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) integrate lawyers into health care teams to address SDOH through the application of the law. Despite shared purposes, it is unknown if HVIP-MLPs exist. We sought to quantify the existing landscape of legal services provided by HVIPs, identify HVIP-MLPs, and characterize barriers to formation. Surveys and interviews were conducted in 2020 with 35 HVIPs of the Health Alliance for Violence Intervention (HAVI) concerning civil legal services. Most HVIPs screened for civil legal needs though none had an official MLP. Common civil legal needs included housing, mental health, and education. Barriers included no memorandum of understanding, legal confusion, funding, and overwhelming need. In 2021, no HVIP-MLP partnerships existed within HAVI. Establishing HVIP-MLPs may further support survivors of violence and address health inequity.
Measuring Progress Toward Equity in Health Care
Authors: McPherson Marianne , De Maio Fernando
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In this commentary, we consider the need for measurement approaches that support efforts to advance health care equity nationwide in a meaningful and sustained way. The authors of this piece are co-chairs of the Measurement Steering Committee of Rise to Health: A National Coalition for Equity in Health Care (www.risetohealthequity.org), and our writing is directly informed by our work in the Coalition. We present three foundational questions and our recommendations for addressing them: 1.) Tracking progress: Will we be able to see if change occurs? 2.) Ensuring accountability: Are we measuring only what is easy to measure or what is meaningful? 3.) Inspiring and sustaining collective action: What will hold a diverse set of institutions together?
The Case for Community-Based Global Oral Health Immersive Experiences
Authors: Farokhi Moshtagh R. , Rosenfeld Jason , Sillan Donna , Zhou Michelle , Seiler David Luke , Berggren Ruth
Published: November 2023

Abstract: We designed and implemented a collaborative immersion in Ethiopia as a service learning experience for a team of interprofessional (IP) learners. The IP team of four dental students, one dental faculty, nine medical students, two medical student leaders, and one global health faculty fully experienced this immersion. The setting was in rural Ethiopia, and the immersive experience included ecological accommodations by the Common River Non-Governmental Organization (CR-NGO).
不定冠词“个”与江西上饶广丰话的 三种无定名词短语 (In Chinese)
Authors: Zhang Qingwen , Jiang Cui
Published: November 2023

As a variety of west Wu dialect, Guangfeng dialect of Shangrao, Jiangxi is distinctive from others in indefiniteness encoding: Aside from ie ʔ5‘ Classifier N and Classifier N phrases frequently observed in other dialects, Guangfeng dialect also takes k ɤʔ 5 个 Classifier N phrases to encode indefinite n ess. Pho no logical, syntactic and semantic examinations of the three types indefinite noun phrases suggest that ie ʔ 5 ‘one’ and k ɤʔ 5 are indefinite articles tho ugh their quantity interpretations remain. What is striking is that k ɤʔ 5 个 ) in k ɤʔ 5 个 Classifier N has been grammaticalized into an indefinite article from a general classifier, which is in contrast with the previous findings that Classifier N phrases are used to encode definite ness and classifiers in this structure is being changed into a q uas i definite article. This finding is an important supplement to the studies of the referentiality system of Chinese dialects and the grammatical properties of classifiers. Currently, ie ʔ 5 classifier noun and k ɤʔ 5 classifier noun phrases co exist in Guangfeng dialect and are competing with each other. Such a situation is assumed to be t he consequence of language con tact among Guangfeng dialect, Shangrao dialect and dialects in northern central areas of Fujian.
BRDF modeling and optimization of a target surface based on the gradient descent algorithm
Authors: Li Yanhui , Yang Pengfei , Bai Lu , Zhang Zifei
Published: November 2023

Addressing the current challenges in modeling and optimizing the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for the target surface, an improved six-parameter semi-empirical model is proposed based on an existing five-parameter semi-empirical model. In comparison with the original five-parameter model, the new, to the best of our knowledge, model considers reciprocity, and the results demonstrate that as the incident angle increases, the fitting accuracy of the six parameters gradually surpasses that of the five parameters. Additionally, this paper employs a machine learning optimization algorithm, namely, the gradient descent method, for optimizing the BRDF. The algorithm was comprehensively compared with other optimization methods, revealing that for the same dataset, the gradient descent method exhibited the smallest fitting errors. Subsequently, utilizing this algorithm for fitting experimental data resulted in errors consistently within 3%, confirming the reliability and accuracy of this optimization algorithm.
Asynchronous topological phase transition in trimer lattices
Authors: Dang Yu , Zhang Jin , Jiang Tao , Xin Guoguo , Yang Junhao , Zhang Wenjing , Qi Xinyuan
Published: November 2023

We propose a model of a non-reciprocal double-layer trimer photonic lattice. In this model, two types of topological phases are presented. By adjusting the imaginary coupling coefficients and intra-cell coupling coefficients in this model, two topological phases appear in different coefficient ranges. They exhibit asynchronous topological phase transitions as the coupling coefficients change. We discover that these asynchronous topological phase transitions can impact the light transmission properties of the system. When the coupling coefficients are adjusted to put the system in a topologically non-trivial state, the injected light beam tends to localize at the edge. Moreover, before and after the phase transition, the lowest energy band exhibits oscillatory and non-oscillatory behavior in the evolution of the light beam at the boundary. Asynchronous topological phase transitions can be utilized to manipulate the light transmission properties of the system, offering potential applications in optical communication and the development of photonic integrated circuits.
Accurate method for correcting the translation position error of ptychography based on quantum particle swarm optimization
Authors: Dou Jiantai , Pei Zihao , Hu Youyou , Yang Zhongming
Published: November 2023

In ptychography, the translation position error will cause the periodic grid deviation and tremendously decrease the reconstruction quality. It is crucial to attain the precise translation position of the probe with respect to the object. The current correction methods may fall into a local optimal value, and miss the better results. An accurate method based on the quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed to globally correct the translation position error and add the randomness to avoid trapping in local optimum. In our proposed method, particles in a quantum bound state can appear at any point in the solution space with a certain probability density. In order words, the corrected translation position can be spread over the searching space, which can acquire the possibility of jumping out of the local optimum. Experiments are conducted to verify that our proposed method can be used to enhance the correction accuracy of the translation position error as well as avoid local optimum.
Orthogonal spatial coding with stimulated parametric down-conversion
Authors: Xu Yang , Tang Sirui , Nicholas Black A. , Boyd Robert W.
Published: November 2023

Orthogonal optical coding is widely used in classical multi-user communication networks. Using the phase conjugation property of stimulated parametric down-conversion, we extend the current time-domain orthogonal optical coding scheme to the spatial domain to encode and decode image information. In this process, the idler beam inherits the complex conjugate of the field information encoded in the seed beam. An encoding phase mask introduced onto the input seed beam blurs the image transferred to the idler. The original image is restored by passing the coded transferred image through a corrective phase mask placed in the momentum space of the idler beam. We expect that this scheme can also inspire new techniques in secure image transmission, aberration cancellation, and frequency conversion imaging.
GaN vortex metasurface for interference and broadband characteristics
Authors: Su Vin-Cent , Xu Kai-Lun
Published: November 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a highly efficient metasurface-based optical vortex beam (OVB) composed of high-aspect-ratio gallium nitride (GaN) meta-structures with an exceptional simulated absolute polarization conversion efficiency (APCE) of up to 98%. A flower-like interference pattern emerges at the converging distance of the device with the helicity switching in spiral and dislocation interference patterns beyond this point, as confirmed through meticulous Mach-Zehnder interferometer analysis. The device also performs broadband capabilities across visible wavelengths. Experimentally demonstrated, the annular shape adeptly expands its diameter with increasing incident wavelengths. This phenomenon is rooted in the fascinating anomalous refractive and reflective characteristics inherent to subwavelength-period metasurfaces.
Accuracy improvement of multi-view 3D laser scanning measurements based on point cloud error correction and global calibration optimization
Authors: Wan Maosen , Zheng Renhao , Zhao Huining , Yu Liandong
Published: November 2023

Multi-camera laser scanning measurement is emerging as a pivotal element in three-dimensional (3D) optical measurements. It reduces occlusion and enables the gathering of more 3D data. However, it also increases the difficulty of system algorithms in obtaining high measurement accuracy. To improve the measurement accuracy, there is an urgent need to address global calibration and error correction issues caused by the employment of multi-view systems. An accuracy improvement method for multi-view 3D laser scanning measurements based on point cloud error correction and global calibration optimization is then proposed. First, a planar asymmetric circular grid target is designed to calibrate the cameras, laser planes, and initial global transformation matrices of the multi-view 3D laser scanning probe simultaneously. The influence of the position of the laser plane on the measurement error is analyzed and what we believe to be novel mathematical error influencing factors are then modelled for point accuracy. Furthermore, a believed to be novel error model based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network is established for the regression analysis of the mathematical error influencing factors and measurement deviations for each point based on the standard sphere plate measurement. The final measurement is optimized by the correction of point cloud for each camera of the multi-view system and the global calibration optimization based on the error model. The proposed method is reliable and easy to implement, since it only requires a standard sphere plate and a planar target. Several experiments show that the method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of multi-view 3D laser scanning probe through point cloud error correction and calibration optimization.
Parametrically amplified nonreciprocal magnon laser in a hybrid cavity optomagnonical system
Authors: He Xiao-Wei , Wang Zheng-Yang , Han Xue , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong-Fu
Published: November 2023

We propose a scheme to achieve a tunable nonreciprocal magnon laser with parametric amplification in a hybrid cavity optomagnonical system, which consists a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and a spinning resonator. We demonstrate the control of magnon laser can be enhanced via parametric amplification, which make easier and more convenient to control the magnon laser. Moreover, we analyze and evaluate the effects of pump light input direction and amplification amplitude on the magnon gain and laser threshold power. The results indicate that we can obtian a higher magnon gain and a broader range of threshold power of the magnon laser. In our scheme both the nonreciprocity and magnon gain of the magnon laser can be increased significantly. Our proposal provides a way to obtain a novel nonreciprocal magnon laser and offers new possibilities for both nonreciprocal optics and spin-electronics applications.
Controlled generation of harmonic states in mid-infrared quantum cascade laser frequency combs by external cavity optical feedback
Authors: Huang Baichuan , Kosan Nicholas , Wysocki Gerard
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the implementation of external cavity optical feedback to improve coherence and promote generation of harmonic states by a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser frequency comb. In particular, we present a Vernier-like scheme to realize harmonic comb states that increase the repetition rate of the comb by a factor of up to 6 and broaden spectral coverages from 46 cm-1 to 92 cm-1. Intermode beatnote and dual comb characterization indicate that the coherence of the comb has greatly improved for sub-optimal devices when the comb is operated in these harmonic states. This approach to control the generation of harmonic states and improve comb performance can be readily incorporated to various sensing systems and has great potential in spectroscopic measurements that require high repetition rates and/or broad optical bandwidth.