bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Single Water Droplet Evaporation over Aluminium Surfaces Using High Speed Camera and Image Processing
Authors: Reddy V. Harshavardhan , Sadiq Shaik , Arunkumar S. , Venkatesan M.
Published: July 2014

The study of evaporation of water droplets over horizontal heated surfaces is an intense area of research because of its wide application in various fields of heat transfer. The characterization of the behavior of water droplets is important in studying the cooling effects produced over impinging surfaces. The present study focuses on analyzing the shape and size of the droplets by applying image processing techniques. In the present work, a fixed volume of single water droplet is made to impinge on a horizontal Aluminium surface using a designed microcontroller based syringe pump. The formation and the dynamics of bubbles are recorded using a high speed camera. Image processing technique is used to determine the droplet parameters such as contact angle, spreading radius and to study the shape of the droplet. The surface temperature is measured using a Thermocouple connected to an online Data acquisition system. The effect of the characteristics of droplet on the decrease in surface temperature can be seen from the temperature – time graph and the processed photographs taken using high speed camera. The decrease in base plate temperature is found to be depending on the behavior and the properties of the droplet.
Mixed Convection in Lid Driven Square Cavity Using Finite Volume Method
Authors: Hassan M.Ashique , Jamal Sarim
Published: July 2014

A Finite volume based numerical study on lid driven cavity flow having partially heated bottom wall with constant heat flux is presented. Effect of Rayleigh number between 103-106, Richardson number ranging between 0.5 to 8 and length of heating zone (0.2, 0.5 and 0.8) has been studied. Rayleigh number represents the extent of thermal input and its rise leads to strengthening of convection effect. Formation of secondary vortices in cavity slows down due to combined effect of thermal heating and top wall movement. Temperature distribution gets increasingly nonlinear with rise in Richardson number and peak shifts towards the centre. Any increase in lid velocity causes drop in Ri and centre of the vortex shifts towards right part of the cavity. The peak velocity is observed in right half of the cavity due to top wall movement in that direction.
Numerical Investigation of Heat and Mass Flux Effects on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Water in an Upward Flow Vertical Tube
Authors: Vinoth T. , Karuppasamy K. , Santhosh Kumar D. , Dhanuskodi R.
Published: July 2014

In the present work, the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical pressure water are numerically investigated in an upward flow vertical smooth tube. The numerical simulations are carried out by using Ansys-Fluent solver. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of heat flux and mass flux on heat transfer characteristics in supercritical water. In order to perform numerical simulation, experimental data of Mokry et al. [2] is considered. Various simulations were carried out for the inlet parameters of temperature 350°C, pressure 240bar; heat flux values ranging from 190 to 884kW/m2 and mass flux values ranging from 498 to 1499kg/m2s. Based on the available parameters of heat flux and mass flux, they are segregated as groups with heat flux to mass flux ratios of 0.39 and 0.67. According to computational data, the heat transfer enhancement and heat transfer deterioration phenomenon of supercritical water were analyzed and based on the comparison with experimental data; their occurrence and mechanism were addressed.
Numerical Investigation of Performance Studies on Single Pass PEM Fuel Cell with Various Flow Channel Design
Authors: Lakshminarayanan V. , Karthikeyan P. , Muthukumar M. , Senthil Kumar A.P. , Kavin B. , Kavyaraj A.
Published: July 2014

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell performance not only depends on the operating parameters like temperature, pressure, the stoichiometric ratio of reactants, relative humidity and back pressure on anode and cathode flow channels, but it also depends on design parameters like channel width to rib width, channel depth and number of passes on the flow channel. In this paper numerical analysis were carried out with six different cross-sections of the channel, namely square, triangle, parallelogram 14o, parallelogram 26o, trapezium and inverted trapezium of 1.25 cm2 active area with a constant cross sectional area of 0.01 cm2 of single pass PEM fuel cell. The model was created and simulated under various pressures and temperature with a constant mass flow rate by using fluent CFD and the influence of the single pass flow channel on the performance of PEM fuel cell has been investigated.
Numerical Studies on Natural Convection Heat Transfer – Fins with Closed Top
Authors: Balachandar C. , Arunkumar S. , Venkatesan M.
Published: July 2014

Fins are extended surfaces provided to enhance the heat transfer rate of a system. Several attempts have been made in the past to augment the heat transfer rate by using fins of various geometries. In the present study an array of rectangular fins with closed top, standing on a vertical base is analysed under natural convection conditions using commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT©. The numerical model is validated with the available experimental results for fins with open top under natural convection conditions. The plate fin heat sink is analysed for a constant heat duty of 60 W. The height, thickness and length of the fins are taken to be constant throughout the analysis. A detailed study is carried out to examine the dependency of the base plate temperature on the thickness of the closed top and on the number of fins. It is concluded based on the analysis that heat fins with closed top are found to have a decreased base plate temperature compared to the conventional rectangular fins.
Reliability Analysis of Overhauled Engines of Dumpers
Authors: Kishorilal Dinkar Brajeshkumar , Mukhopadhyay Alok Kumar
Published: July 2014

Mining industry in India currently occupies a coveted position in the world league table. Large scale mechanization has made major breakthroughs in this industry. Mechanization trends have introduced sophisticated off-road dumpers as the main ore/rock transporting equipment in opencast mines. To achieve targeted production and to survive intense competition in the mining industry, it is imperative that the dumper as an equipment and its different operating units should be reliable and maintained effectively to ensure its maximum availability. The diesel engine is the most critical operating unit of a dumper. To improve the performance and to reduce frequency of downtime, the engines need overhauling time to time. The engine after overhauling should be able to perform its desired function under stated condition for a specified period of time. The present study investigates reliability of overhauled engines in a fleet of dumpers used in an opencast mine. In this paper the operational reliability of overhauled engines, mean time to overhaul (MTO) and time between inspection (TBI) are examined. MTO and TBI values predicts the next time to overhaul and inspection respectively, which will aid in reducing the downtime of dumpers and thereby increasing their availability.
Simulation of Biomass Gasification
Authors: Balaji R. , Govindaraj A. , Karthikeyan C. , Raghupathy A.
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the modeling and analysis of drying of biomass in gasification. Biomass is a potential alternative for fossil fuels like coal, oil etc., to sustainably meet the increasing energy needs of the world. The different methods of conversion of biomass are anaerobic and thermo chemical conversion. Since, thermo chemical conversion is a reliable one we opted to choose it. The paper deals more with the analysis of the biomass drying and heat transfer towards the inlet air for combustion. The proposed work increases the efficiency of the drying chamber by increasing the temperature of the inlet air and also it analyses on increasing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger by changing the input values by simulation. Simulation is the initiation of the real world process or system overtime. It is also used with the scientific modeling of human system to gain insight. Here simulation is carried out using MATLAB. It is user friendly and adds real time values in coding.The results are plotted in the graph shows the comparative performance before and after preheating.
Strength Analysis and Optimization Methods for Four Cylinder Engine Crankshaft Based on CATIA and ANSYS
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Angra Surjit
Published: July 2014

Crankshaft is one of the most important components of an IC engine. Crankshaft should be checked carefully to ensure that its design is fully optimized. The main objective of this paper is to perform the static analysis on four cylinder engine crankshaft to find out its static strength and the maximum stress zone and analyzing the different methods for the optimization of crankshaft in terms of weight, stress and cost reduction. A three dimensional model of four cylinder engine crankshaft is prepared corresponding to actual conditions in Catia V5 software, static analysis is performed using Ansys under extreme operating conditions and the improvement methods for the optimum design are analyzed in terms of geometric improvement, appropriate material selection and methods used for manufacturing of crankshaft.
Working Characteristics of a DICI Engine by Using Water Emulsion Biodiesel Fuels
Authors: Rao Muthe Srinivasa , Anand R.B.
Published: July 2014

The present experimental investigation is carried out to establish the stability, compatibility and feasibility of working characteristics of DICI engine by using Jatropha biodiesel, Pongamia biodiesel and related water emulsion biodiesels. Experiments are carried out in two phases on a DICI engine test rig which includes CI engine, electric loading device, exhaust gas analysers, and a data-acquisition system. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are studied by using neat diesel, Jatropha and Pongamia biodiesel in the first phase, and similar experiments are conducted by water – biodiesel emulsion fuels in the second phase. The water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are prepared with the aid of a mechanical homogenizer in the proportion of 10% water, 88 % biodiesel, and 2 % surfactants (by volume). Sequentially, the stability characteristics of water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are analyzed. The results indicated that slight improvement in BTE and BSFC for water – biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to biodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of NOx and smoke opacity were decreased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels as compared to respective neat biodiesel and neat diesel. CO & unburned HC emissions were slightly increased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to respective neat biodiesels and less than of neat diesel.
An Overview of Biodiesel Extraction from the Third Generation Biomass Feedstock: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Kshirsagar Charudatta M. , Anand R.
Published: July 2014

Despite of the fact that the first and the second generation biomass feedstock are attractive options for the biofuel production, these production schemes are considered unsustainable. As the demand for renewable energy grows exponentially, the practicability of the production of these energy carriers becomes tentative and limited since large arable croplands in tropical and tempe-rate regions are required for their cultivation. Moreover, the conversion processes (i.e. thermo-chemical and bio-chemical) associated with the second generation biomass feedstock are far more complex and sophisticated because of the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The biofuels, thus, derived are not cost-competitive with existing petroleum derived fuels. In future, the integra-tion of various biochemical and bioprocessing technologies will be supporting the establishment of biomass energy programs. This paper is an attempt to review the potential of microalgal biodiesel in comparison to the first and the second generation biomass feedstock and its global prospects. Keywords : microalgae biomass, pretreatment, biofuels, clean energy
Aerodynamic Performance Comparison of Airfoils by Varying Angle of Attack Using Fluent and Gambit
Authors: Srinivas G. , Gowda B.P. Madhu
Published: July 2014

Any aircraft wing is the major component which will play vital role in the generation of lift and at different maneuvering moments throughout the flight. So to maintain this good maneuverability the aircraft wing has to undergo deferent deflections called angle of attack such that the high lift and low drag or vice versa can be settled in the flight. Taking this as the motivation the analysis was carried out on the standard wing airfoil comparing with new designed airfoil. Analyze the numerical simulation values like coefficient of lift, coefficient of Drag, Lift, Drag, and Energy parameters with wind tunnel data to predict accuracy for both the airfoils. Through the selected public literature standard airfoil data and designed airfoil data has been chosen, the geometry was created in the GAMBIT and also the meshing by selecting the suitable c-grid and rectangular grid for the better flow analysis in the FLUENT. The mesh file was imported into the FLUENT software there suitable boundary conditions and operating conditions are given for successful flow convergence. Finally analyzing these results are expecting to be best suitable for good aeromechanical features.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Cooling Fan Noise
Authors: Seshagiri Rao G.V.R. , Rao Venkata V. Subba , Rao C. Prabakara
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the noise of marine application pump axial flow fan. Axial flow fan is verified by both geometrical and experimental approaches. This section includes grid system used in geometric simulation, and boundary conditions. In order to know the complicate and complex physical features of an axial flow fan, a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT, is utilized to perform the flow field analysis, which solves the Navier–Stokes equation using an amorphous finite volume-method. As a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT has been extensively used in many turbo machinery applications. In this paper the noise predicted according to geometrical results will be compare with investigational results.
Miniature Four Hole Probe for Three Dimensional Boundary Layer Measurements
Authors: Sitaram N. , Jangir Ravirai , Gajanan C.T.
Published: July 2014

The design, fabrication and calibration details of a miniature four hole probe for three-dimensional boundary layer measurements are presented in this paper. The probe has a nominal measuring area of 1 mm2 and has a nominal dimension of 0.4 mm in the boundary layer direction thus minimizing pressure and velocity gradient errors and wall vicinity errors. The probe is calibrated in an open jet calibration tunnel at a velocity of 50 m/s in the yaw and pitch angle range of + 40O at 5O interval. The calibration coefficients are defined, calculated and presented. The sensitivity of the calibration coefficients is also calculated and presented.
Performance Analysis of Directional Control Valve: An Overview
Authors: Paswan Ramashankar , Das Jayanta , Kumar N. , Kumar Ajit , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Sujit Kumar
Published: July 2014

Directional control valves start, stop or change the direction of flow in compressed air applications. To understand the different applications of compressed air and how valves are used, one must first have knowledge of the kinds and types of valves used by industries. This paper studies local valve control of the electro-hydraulic system. The slow response of hydraulic control valve usually becomes the hold-up of whole system performance. Although fast valves (e.g. high-bandwidth servo-valves) are available, they are far more expensive than slow valves (e.g. proportional directional control valves). To improve the performance of proportional directional control valves, three different types of controllers are synthesized. Firstly, based on the pole zero cancellation technique, an open loop compensator is designed which requires the accurate valve dynamic model information; Secondly, a full state feedback adaptive robust controller (ARC) is synthesized, which effectively takes into account the effect of parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities such as friction force and flow force. Finally, an output feedback ARC controller is synthesized to address the problem of un measurable states. Keywords: valve, hydraulic device, Simulink.
A New Reactive Hybrid Membership Function in Fuzzy Approach for Identification of Inclined Edge Crack in Cantilever Beam Using Vibration Signatures
Authors: Ranjan K.B. , Sahu Sasmita , Parhi Dayal R.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the crack identification using smart technique (by several hybrid membership functions in a fuzzy controller) has been developed for inverse analysis of the vibration signatures (like modal frequencies, mode shapes) and crack parameters (like crack depth, crack location and crack inclination) of an inclined edge crack cantilever beam. The modal frequencies are obtained from finite element (using ANSYS) and experimental analysis which are used as inputs to the hybrid fuzzy controller. The hybrid fuzzy system is designed by taking different types of membership functions (MF) to determine the crack parameters. The calculated first three modal frequencies are used to create number of fuzzy rules with the three output crack parameters. Finally, the proposed hybrid technique is validated by comparing the results obtained from trapezoidal and Gaussian fuzzy controllers, FEA and experimental results. The outcomes obtained from hybrid fuzzy controller are in good agreement with experimental results.
Nomenclature
Effect of Fiber Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Banana-Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Santhanam V. , Chandrasekaran M. , Venkateshwaran N.
Published: July 2014

Composite materials are widely used for their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, low density etc. Due to environmental issues the eco-friendly composites are being explored. Natural fibers as reinforcement for polymer composites are widely studied. But natural fibers lack better mechanical properties when compared with synthetic fibers. Hence mixing the natural fiber with a synthetic fiber such as glass fiber will improve mechanical properties of the composites. In this study banana fiber is mixed with glass fiber, and the mixture is used as reinforcement in epoxy matrix. The composite specimens were prepared using hand layup technique, the fibers were randomly oriented. Further the fiber length was varied as 10, 15, 20 and 25mm and volume fraction as 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Experiments were conducted to find the effect of fiber length and volume fraction on tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption properties of the composites. It is observed that a fiber length of 20mm and 20% fiber volume fraction gave better mechanical properties.
Effect of Thickness of Damping Material on Vibration Control of Structural Vibration in Constrained Layer Damping Treatment
Authors: Hujare Pravin P. , Sahasrabudhe Anil D.
Published: July 2014

The reduction of noise and vibration is a major requirement for performance of any vibratory system. Passive damping technology using viscoelastic materials is classically used to control vibrations. Viscoelastic material among the damping materials is widely used to dissipate the structural vibration energy. Three-layer sandwich beams, made of two elastic outer layers and a viscoelastic layer sandwiched between them, are considered as damping structural elements. This paper presents the effect of thickness of constrained damping material on modal loss factor of vibrating structures. Measurements are performed on sandwich beam structure. In order to understand the effectiveness of the sandwich structures, the dynamics of beam with constrained viscoelastic layers are investigated. Comparisons of the experimental and the Numerical results confirm that the damping levels and the natural frequencies of damped structures are well corroborated.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Travelling Beam Subjected to Multi-Frequency Parametric Excitation
Authors: Sahoo Bamadev , Panda L.N. , Pohit Goutam
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with two frequency parametric excitation in presence of internal resonance. The cubic nonlinearity is inserted into the equation of motion by considering the mid-line stretching of the beam. The perturbation method of multiple scales is applied directly to the governing nonlinear fourth order integro-partial differential equation of motion. This leads to a set of first order differential equations known as the reduced equations or normalized reduced equations, which are utilized to determine the additional instability zones, appeared in the trivial state stability plot, the bifurcation and stability of fixed-points, periodic, quasi-periodic, mixed mode and chaotic responses. The transition of system behaviour from stable periodic to unstable chaotic occurs through intermittency route
Vibration Analysis of a Laminated Composite Magnetorheological Elastomer Sandwich Beam
Authors: Ramesh Babu V. , Vasudevan R. , Kumar Naveen B.
Published: July 2014

In this study, the vibration analysis of a laminated composite magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) sandwich beam is presented. The governing differential equations of motion of a sandwich beam embedding a MRE layer as core layer and laminated composite beams as the face layers are presented in a finite element formulation. The validity of the developed finite element formulation is demonstrated by comparing results in terms of the natural frequencies derived from the present finite element formulation with those in the available literature. Various parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the variation of the natural frequencies and loss factors of the MR elastomer composite sandwich beam under various boundary conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the thickness of the MR elastomer layer on the variation of the natural frequencies and loss factors are studied. The study suggested that the natural frequency increases with increasing magnetic field, irrespective of the boundary conditions.
A Real Time Quality Monitoring System for Engineering Industry: A Practical and Rapid Approach Using Embedded Vision System with LabVIEW
Authors: Ravi V.R. , Baig A.M.Adil , Udhaya Karthick G. , Thiruchittrambalam S.
Published: July 2014

With increased expectations for engineering products of high quality and safety standards, the need for accurate, fast and objective quality determination of these characteristics in engineering products continues to grow. Embedded vision provides one alternative for an automated, non-destructive, fast and cost-effective technique to accomplish these requirements. In this work, the authors are developed an integrated system which has two major components: an Embedded Vision System (EVS) and a Real Time Monitoring System (RTMS). This work describes design and development of prototyped Production Line System (PLS) based on a practical and fast approach using EVS and LabVIEW with IMAQ Vision Assistant as image processing tool. Experimental results show that this integrated system is faster and produces a lower error rate than humans produce in the quality inspection process.
Effect of Operational Parameters on AA2014 Friction Stir Weldments Using Plain Cylindrical Tool
Authors: Ramesh Nallavelli , Reddy K. Palaksha
Published: July 2014

Aluminum alloys are mostly used for high strength structural applications utilized in aircraft structure, trucks body, military vehicles, bridges and weapons manufacture. Conventional fusion welding of aluminum alloy produces porosity and hot cracks in the welded joint due to incorrect selection of consumables and parameters, which may lead to lower weld toughness and defects in the mechanical properties. The mostly adopted method for welding AA 2014-T6 is solid state joining process. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an emerging solid state of joining process which avoids bulk melting of the basic material, hot cracking and porosity. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding weld quality. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to understand the various influences of tool rotational speed, welding speed and pin profile of the tool on friction stir processed (FSP) zone formation in joining of AA2014 aluminum alloy. High Carbon High Chromium steel tool of plain cylindrical pin profile is used to fabricate the joints. The average grey relation grade for each level of each factor are calculated and it was found that the optimal settings of the levels of factors Tool rotation speed (A), Weld speed (B) and Tilt angle (C) are A1-B3-C3. The findings from these investigations will be presented and discussed.
Input Shaping for Feedforward Control of a Flexible Polymethyl Methacrylate Beam Manipulator
Authors: Singh Bajwa Roodra Pratap , Manivannan P.V.
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research work is to model a dynamical system that can undergo flexible deformations along with the general rigid-body motions. For the system to be able to provide precise outputs when excited by an input, the modal shapes need to be examined and a suitable control strategy is required to make the manipulator adapt to a particular use. The input shaping parameters have been analyzed for specific modes of vibrations. The model uses a Gaussian input torque and power spectral density plots are developed with suitable sampling frequency to show the variation of PSD for the modes of vibration under consideration, thereby providing an insight into the shaping parameters of the Gaussian input.
Performance Analysis of QAM with MEMS Based SCIR for Indoor Optical Wireless Communication
Authors: Prabakaran M.P. , Sivasubramanian A. , Chitra K.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the systematic evaluation of performance of indoor optical wireless communication using different modulation schemes and micro electro mechanical systems - single channel imaging receiver (MEMS-SCIR). For the future modern world, indoor optical wireless communications (OWC) play a vital role. The main objective is to compare the performance of various modulation schemes in terms of their bit error probability. On -off keying (OOK) and pulse position modulation (PPM) are widely used in optical wireless communication for its simplicity. Here different digital modulation schemes are approached; bit error rate (BER) is calculated over additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). M-quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) gives a better BER performance compared to the M- phase shift keying (MPSK). Thus, MQAM based MEMS-SCIR provides better performance in indoor optical wireless communications.
A Haar Wavelet Based Approach for State Analysis of Disk Drive Read System
Authors: Sheetal Sheetal , Mittal Monika
Published: July 2014

In this paper, computational savings by an Haar wavelet method for state analysis of disk-drive system is presented. Based upon useful properties of Haar functions like operational matrix of integration, analysis of disk drive system is done. Computational savings in system analysis achieved with the non-recursive operational matrix as compared to recursive operational matrix have been verified using MATLAB PROFILER for different resolutions.
Effect of Drive Side Contact Ratio on Direct Design Asymmetric High Contact Ratio Spur Gear Based on Load Sharing
Authors: Marimuthu P. , Muthuveerappan G.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect on direct design asymmetric high contact ratio spur gear based on tooth load sharing. A unique Ansys parametric design language code is developed for this study. The load sharing based bending and contact stresses are determined for different drive side contact ratios. In addition to that the location of critical loading point is determined. Because the critical loading point for high contact ratio spur gear not lies on fixed point like normal contact ratio spur gears namely highest point of single tooth contact. In conclusion an increase in drive side contact ratio leads to increase in the load sharing based bending stress and decrease in the contact stress at the critical loading point.
Modeling and Simulation of Jetpipe Servovalve Torque Motor
Authors: Sharan A.S. , Hiremath Somashekhar S. , Venkatesh C.S.
Published: July 2014

The torque motor is a precision mechatronic component used to convert low electric signal into linear mechanical displacement of the Jetpipe. Such torque motors are categorized under multi disciplinary engineering systems, which are complex in nature and also induces challenges to integrate with hydraulic system. This paper applies model-based system design approach of jetpipe servovalve torque motor to study the effect of critical parameters like armature length and air gap, feedback spring stiffness, and flexure tube stiffness on the dynamic performance of the were studied.
Correlation between Absorber Plate Thickness δ and Collector Efficiency Factor Fˈ of Solar Flat-Plate Collector
Authors: Meena Chandan Swaroop , Meena Sunita , Bajpai V.K.
Published: July 2014

Solar collectors are the key component of active solar-heating systems. They collect the sun's energy, transform its radiation into heat, and then transfer that heat to a fluid. The solar thermal energy can be used in solar water-heating systems, solar pool heaters, and solar space-heating systems. The configuration of the Flat Plate Collector (FPC) is very important parameter which affects collector performance. The collector efficiency factor is directly affecting the efficiency of the solar flat-plate collector, this collector efficiency factor influenced with few other parameters, i.e. the center to center distance of absorber tubes W and thickness of absorber plate δ and heat loss coefficient UL. This paper focuses on the relation between δ with the collector efficiency factor of serpentine tube solar flat-plate collector. This study shows that if we increase the δ then Fˈ increases.
Optical Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector with Flat Concentrating Photovoltaic Receiver
Authors: Kamnapure Nikhilesh R , Reddy K. Srinivas
Published: July 2014

In this paper, an optical analysis of parabolic trough collector with flat concentrating photovoltaic receiver is carried out by utilizing non-uniform intensity distribution model of the solar disk. The optical system simulation tool ASAP is used to analyze the parabolic trough system with single axis tracking having a mirror aperture of 1m and length of 3m. The impact of random errors including slope error, apparent change in sun’s width, tracking errors on the optical performance of trough system is carried out. The errors are assumed to follow Gaussian (normal) distribution and analyzed statistically. It is found that intercept factor increases with rim angle for given total error of 5, 10 and 20 mrad. Geometrical concentration ratio is varied to see the effect on the intercept factor and compared for various error values. The numerical results show that for De-focused performance (L=0.1f) the local concentration ratio value is 23 for the 45° rim angle. Numerical results are compared with the analytical data available in the literature which show good agreement.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Solar Parabolic Dish Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Muthu Gunalan , Shanmugam Subramaniam , Veerappan Arunachalam R.
Published: July 2014

The Performance of a thermal system is generally analysed by carrying out energy and exergy analysis of its different subsystems. In the present study the performance of subsystem namely PDC, receiver plate and PDC in a system of solar parabolic dish thermoelectric generator is studied. It is found that the energy and exergy loss are minimum in the receiver plate as compared to PDC and thermoelectric generator (TEG) at a particular direct normal irradiation (DNI). The exergy and energy efficiency in the PDC and TEG increase with increase in concentration ratio.
Analysis of Chemical Degradative Effects on Low Voltage PVC Insulation Using DSC
Authors: Balasubramanian K.R. , Sivapirakasham S.P. , Mathew Jiss
Published: July 2014

PVC insulation has extensively been used for insulating low voltage electrical cables. They offer superior insulating properties but how ageing and exposure could affect their insulation properties is a matter of concern. Chemical exposure related failure modes are known but have received only limited study. The traditional testing methods like insulation testing could only test whether the present properties are satisfactory. The application of thermal analysis methods like differential scanning calorimetry could identify the variation in thermal characteristics with respect to ageing and chemical exposure. Polluted environments may cause a direct attack upon a polymer. It has been concluded that significant changes in the behavior of insulation occurs in acidic environment that may lead to insulation failures.
Strategies for Controlling Welding Fumes at the Source - A Review
Authors: Mohan Sreejith , Sivapirakasham S.P. , Bineesh P. , Satpathy K. K.
Published: July 2014

Exposure to welding fumes and its related hazards has always been a matter of serious concern. The mass and composition of fumes from welding depends on several factors. A detailed knowledge of these factors is necessary for understanding the mechanism of fume formation and developing suitable control strategies. This paper gives a literature overview on the various factors affecting welding fumes and strategies for controlling it. The paper focus on types of welding process like Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) or Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW), Gas and Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). The research in the area of controlling fumes at the source has grown rapidly recently. Still, effective methods have hardly been explored. Improving arc stability by addition of materials with low ionization potential to the welding electrode lead to promising new research directions.
Seismic Qualification of the Unconventional Valve by Shake Table Testing
Authors: Kumar R. Suresh , Sajish S.D. , Kumar Sanjeev , Chellapandi P. , Selvaraj P. , Raghupathy S.
Published: July 2014

To make Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) more acceptable by the public, there is a need to conform to the stringent safety criteria evolved continuously. Among the several safety aspects, the seismically induced effects call more attention at the present scenario. But the adequate full scale testing of the critical components can render a more realistic simulation. Extensively shake table testing is used for the seismic qualification and research purposes. It provides the means to excite structures in such a way that they are subjected to conditions representative of true earthquake ground motions. The seismic qualification tests were conducted as per the test procedure given in IEEE STD 344-1987 standards: IEEE recommended practice for seismic qualification of class 1E equipment for Nuclear Power Generating Station.
Valves are one of the active components in the SFR system. The seismic operability of active components can be established only by shake table testing. Shake table testing includes fixing of the equipment into the shake table, exiting the table with a seismic excitation equal to or larger than the design earthquake, resonance search test in all the three directions for 1 to 50 Hz to identify the system frequencies and assessment of the functionality and structural integrity of the valve during and at the end of the test. The valve that has been experimentally qualified completed type test for OBE & SSE cycles, the same will not be utilized in the reactor application.
The methodology involved in the seismic qualification of the unconventional valve presented in this paper. Among the various shake table experiments carried out for the seismic qualification unconventional valves, the experiment carried out for the Inclined Fuel Transfer Machine (IFTM) Gate valve is referred in this paper for the above purpose. It is one of the unconventional type large in size and heavy gate valve available in the SFR system
Fuzzy Quantitative Approach to Prioritize Green Factors in Supply Chain
Authors: Anand K.R. , Ramalingaiah Ramalingaiah , Parthiban P.
Published: July 2014

Eco Design integrates environmental thinking into product design and packaging including in its production, consumption and disposal of the product life cycle in the supply chain. In today’s scenario eco design is very important for saving our environment. This papers aims to investigate the technology, organization and environment factors of the eco design that influence the adoption of Green Supply Chain Management using Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (FQFD). Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving methodology used to translate customer requirements (CRs) into technical requirements (TRs) in the Course of new product development (NPD). In the proposed model, fifteen fundamental requirements of customers are identified and eight main factors of eco design are derived to satisfy the overall requirements as detailed. The importance of the customer requirements and relationship strength were identified as linguistic data. We have collected data for the criteria from the decision makers of the automotive industry. Under different situation the values of subjective data are often inaccurate so we have applied Fuzzy Quantitative Approach to overcome this deficiency of high subjectivity and low reliability. This study shows the fuzzy logic using Quality Function Deployment for easy decision making. So this proposed method shows the final ranking of the important eco design factors that influences the adoption of Green Supply Chain Management in the automotive industry. The final result of paper gives Stakeholder Cooperation is the most important factors of eco design.
Green Manufacturing Approaches for the Foundry Sector
Authors: Iyer Abishek V. , Bhat H. Adithya , Krishna Kumar K. , Anbuudayasankar S.P.
Published: July 2014

Green manufacturing is a sustainable approach, designed to use energy, water and other resources more efficiently thereby reducing the overall impact on the environment. Improved quality of life, better health conditions and diminished costs are other benefits. This paper focuses mainly on the foundry industry, as being very energy intensive, it offers immense scope for the application of green concepts. A case study conducted in a foundry in Tamil Nadu, gives an over view as to how green manufacturing can be made possible in the foundry industry. Each process involved in the foundry was analyzed using green concepts and alternatives and suggestions were made. Additional green strategies have also been discussed.
Experimental Investigation on Formability of Cryorolled and Room Temperature Rolled AA 6061 Sheet Metal with 50% and 75% Thickness Reduction
Authors: Saju Tinu P.
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the formability of AA 6061 sheet metal. The forming limit diagram of precipitation hardenable Al–Mg–Si alloy namely AA 6061 was evaluated for sheets rolled at two different temperature media namely room temperature and cryogenic temperature. The sheets were subjected to solutionising, rolling either in room temperature or cryogenic temperature with 50% or 75% reduction and short annealing before forming operation. The forming limit diagrams of the rolled sheets were plotted together to obtain a clear idea about their comparative formability.
Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials
Authors: Sathish S. , Ganapathy T. , Bhoopathy Thiyagarajan
Published: July 2014

In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.
Gravitational Search Algorithm - Based Optimization of Process Parameters in Micro Turning Process
Authors: Durairaj M. , Gowri S.
Published: July 2014

Micro turning is a scaled down version of conventional turning process, but operating on the micro scale of machining parameters to produce micro components. This paper deals with CNC Micro turning of Inconel 600 alloy with titanium carbide coated tool. Two conflicting objectives, surface roughness and tool flank wear, are simultaneously optimized. Full factorial experiments were taken with several combinations of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. In this report, a new optimization algorithm based on the law of gravitation and mass interactions, namely Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is aimed to predict the optimal parameter conditions for controlling tool flank wear and better surface finish.
Influence of Experimental Environment on the Enhancement of Ultra Fine Grain Structure with Optimum Ductility of Equal Channel Angular Pressed Copper
Authors: Vijayashakthivel A.T. , Srikantha Dath T.N. , Ravishankar B.
Published: July 2014

Strengthening the engineering material through Severe Plastic Deformation and associated structural refinement is an established practice. Among the Severe Plastic Deformation process, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) assumes a significant place. In this, it is possible to attain even ultra fine grain (UFG) structure through high deformation in bulk material working mode. However ECAPed material suffers lack of ductility, structural inhomogenity and even thermodynamically unstable structure, as evidenced in the published literature on ECAP of copper. The present study on ECAP of commercial purity copper aimed to attain a structure of higher hardness by shedding little ductility is deviated from the past work; in this, commercial quality copper is ECAPed at 3000 C with a die geometry channel angle of 1100 and corner angle of 200 necessitating less local/working stress. During certain number of passes (six passes), the material experiences higher hardness with fair amount of ductility. The material does not exhibit any further strengthening beyond six passes, which is possibly due to dislocations annihilation/recovery. The increased strength and loss of ductility of the material results in degrading the material when it undergoes tenth pass.
An Assessment on Friction Stir Welding of High Melting Temperature Materials
Authors: Ramachandran K.K. , Murugan N. , Shashi Kumar S.
Published: July 2014

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) as a joining technique with regard to low melting temperature materials such as aluminum alloys has already been established and implemented in the industry. But, with regard to high melting temperature metals and alloys the major issue still to get successfully addressed is a pertinent tool material for a class of work materials and to get their operating parameters optimized. This paper presents a detailed assessment on the FSW of high melting temperature (HMT) materials, giving emphasis on the tool materials, tool geometry and FSW equipment aspects based on the information gathered from experimental studies and research publications.
Investigation of Laser Dressed Super Abrasive Grinding Wheel by Using SEM & Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Joel Johnson R. Deepak , Ugrasen G.
Published: July 2014

In this present work, Investigation was carried on the surface of laser dressed super abrasive grinding wheel to study the topography of the super abrasive wheel surface, the residual stress distribution on the laser dressed surface of the wheel and to analyse the heat affected zone of the wheel surface. To investigate all this terms the experimental study of Scanning Electron Microscope and Raman Spectroscopy on the laser dressed wheel surface were done and objective of this work is also to show the effectiveness of laser dressing by measuring the surface roughness of the workpiece before and after laser dressing operation.
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Friction Stir Welding of AA5052
Authors: Chanakyan C. , Babu P. Dinesh , Jenarthanan M.P. , Jagathesh K.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this project is to study the micro-structural and mechanical property changes during friction stir welding [FSW] with a special focus on AA5052. The objective of this project is to experimentally investigate the influence of tool pin profiles (straight cylinder, fluted cylinder and pentagonal cylinders) and welding input parameters (rotational speed and traverse speed) on microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness) of AA5052 Al in FSW process. The detailed micro-structural analyses are carried out on the base metal and welded zone (nugget zone), Thermo mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone. The mechanical properties such as, tensile and hardness are studied before and after FSW process.
Modeling of Material Removal Mechanism in Micro Electric Discharge Milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Kuriachen Basil , Mathew Jose
Published: July 2014

Micro EDM milling process is accruing a lot of importance in micro fabrication of difficult to machine materials. Any complex shape can be generated with the help of the controlled cylindrical tool in the pre determined path. Due to the complex material removal mechanism on the tool and the work piece, a detailed parametric study is required. In this study, the influence of various process parameters on material removal mechanism is investigated. Experiments were planned as per Response Surface Methodology (RSM) – Box Behnken design and performed under different cutting conditions of gap voltage, capacitance, electrode rotation speed and feed rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the level of importance of machining parameters on the material removal rate. Maximum material removal rate was obtained at Voltage (115V), Capacitance (0.4μF), Electrode rotational Speed (1000rpm), and Feed rate (18mm/min). In addition, a mathematical model is created to predict the material removal