bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicina de Família e Comunidade, Atenção Primaria e Violência: Formação e ação em Iberoamerica
Authors: Anderson Maria Inez Padula , Romero Xavier Astudillo , Arias-Castillo Liliana , Moreno Cruz Bartolomé , Sinisterra Jhonathan Stick Guerrero , Martín Thomas Meoño , Segura Marcela Cuadrado , Jure Humberto , Hülse Sebastián Fuentes , De Oliveira Denize Ornelas Pereira Salvador de
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de médicos de família e comunidade, bem como outros profissionais, em 20 países que compõem a Confederação Ibero-americana de Medicina de Família (CIMF), sobre as formas mais prevalentes de violência em seu país e nas comunidades que atendem. Além disso, identificar a percepção sobre suas próprias motivação e capacitação, além daquelas dos médicos de família de seus países para abordar a violência e contribuir para a cultura da paz. Métodos: Estudo corte-transversal, exploratório, de abordagem descritiva e quantitativa, realizado nos 20 países membros da CIMF entre os meses de setembro 2017 a março de 2018. A pesquisa foi projetada com base em uma revisão da literatura sobre o fenômeno de estudo. Um questionário foi elaborado e validado com diferentes profissionais de medicina de família considerados especialistas no assunto e posteriormente disseminado com o apoio das diferentes sociedades científicas de Medicina de Família que compõem os 20 países do CIMF, alcançando 242 respostas. Resultados: Mais de 92% dos profissionais consideram que não possuem treinamento suficiente para lidar com a violência em seu cotidiano de trabalho e apenas 24% consideram que receberam treinamento suficiente na Cultura de Paz. Por outro lado, a percepção da prevalência, na região, dos diferentes tipos de violência, do ponto de vista pessoal, familiar e comunitário é alarmante. Conclusões: É necessário integrar na formação de médicos de família e os profissionais de cuidados primários, bem como nos currículos de graduação de Medicina, conteúdos relacionados com a abordagem à violência e a contribuição para a cultura da paz para a superação da mesma. A lacuna de conhecimento sobre essas questões é visível pelos médicos de família e outros profissionais que trabalham na Atenção Primára. Por outro lado, é notável, o benefício potencial de ter esses profissionais atuando nesse grave e prevalente problema de saúde, especialmente considerando seu contato frequente e longitudinal com pessoas, famílias e comunidades vítimas de violência.
Prevención cuaternaria: como hacer, como ensiñar
Authors: Almenas Marina , Hidalgo Esteban Cordero , Pineda Carlos Andrés , Muñoz Eliasin , Armadillo María de Lourdes Rojas , Salvatierra Elizabeth , Galindo Gisela , Cabezas Carmen
Published: September 2018

La prevención cuaternaria o P4 se define como las acciones que disminuyen los efectos de las intervenciones innecesarias, generadas por el contacto de las personas con los sistemas de salud. Se planteó como objetivo general desarrollar una estrategia para promover y difundir P4 em Iberoamérica; para cumplir dicha meta se realizó una investigación bibliográfica sobre los conceptos relacionados con P4; se aplicó una encuesta exploratoria para indagar sobre el conocimiento que tenían los participantes en la Cumbre y el Congreso respecto a P4. Existe múltiple literatura que define los términos relacionados con P4, lo que facilita su delimitación. Respecto a la encuesta, de las 309 personas que contestaron; 34% tenían entre 36 y 45 años; 88% eran profesionales en medicina; 69% conocía sobre P4 y más del 50% afirmó estar informado sobre los conceptos relacionados a P4; 92% consideró que P4 no es exclusiva de medicina familiar; 15% aseguró que después de la VI Cumbre se hicieron publicaciones sobre P4 en sus países; menos del 20% consideró que los políticos conocen sobre P4; 27% afirmó que los médicos de familia educan a los pacientes sobre P4. Se recomienda ampliar las campañas de educación sobre P4; facilitar el acceso a la información sobre P4 para profesionales del campo de la salud; incluir P4 en los programas académicos de pregrado y postgrado de las profesiones de la salud; crear alianzas con las entidades políticas de cada país para incluir P4 en políticas públicas.
Declaración de Cali
Authors: Hernández Jaime Matute , Díaz Temístocles , González Guillermo José González , Wasilckuk Maria Teresa Barán , Fraifer Sandra , Delgado Héctor Corratge
Published: September 2018

Las Ministras y Ministros participantes en la VII Cumbre Iberoamericana de Medicina Familiar, realizada en Cali, Colombia, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre el papel de la Medicina Familiar en los Sistemas de Salud basados en Atención Primaria, y específicamente en la atención de situaciones complejas de las personas, las familias y las comunidades como centro de estos Sistemas:
GAMES E EDUCAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE ASSASSIN’S CREED E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Leonardo Sena Severo Elvis , Cir Deborah Zaduski Jeong
Published: September 2018

Facing the confirmation of the significant changes that are insert in the contemporary society through
technological advances and within this context, the occurrence of new interactions of the educational and
learning process, the goal of this paper is to consider the possibilities that the game Assassin’s Creed has
offered to the teaching practice inside the classroom. The qualitative study was based on a bibliographical
review in which questions were investigated as: The emergence and the digital native characteristics and
how frequent its experiences with technology are been considered in teaching planning. The relevance of
games use inside the educational environment and the abyss presented by the traditional school to not
value a resource that is part of its new student’s routine, a resource that has great potential to cognitive
development when considering the performance environment that gamers/students are put into during its
practice. Finally the text aims to show the potentialities that Assassin’s Creed franchise has to pedagogy
when discoursing about a new teaching project developed in a Brazilian educational context which
obtained success while using this game as a didactic resource.
ESTÁ ME CHAMANDO DE DOENTE? O DISCURSO MEDICALIZANTE DO TDAH NA ESCOLA: UMA
REVISÃO
Authors: Henrique Manfre Ademir
Published: September 2018

This article is the result of a bibliographical review on the topics: medicalization, instrumentalization of
thought, and school education. The questions that promote this debate are: What set of institutional
knowledge and practices have led us to think that medicine administration in our children solve the
educational problems? Are we transforming behaviors such as disobedience, distraction, restlessness,
impulsivity, and socially undesirable hyperactivity in pathologies? It is, therefore, a theoretical essay in
which we elaborate some critics to the medicalization of the complaint of behavior in Brazilian school
context. We ground our analysis on the interweaving of the theoretical contributions coming from the
criticism of the medicalization of the school complaint. Theorists who support the critical argumentation of
medicalization are: Moysés & Collares (1996), Garrido (2010), Signor & Santana (2016), Furtado (2014),
Leonardi (2010), among others. At first, we draw a theoretical track in order to place the way in which the
school medicalization presented in the context of the Brazilian educational debate. Next, we stress the
limits of the medicalization of life in such context. Finally, we emphasize the importance to think about a
type of school that problematizes the so-called "learning problems", adopting a critical position in relation
to the Brazilian bibliographic production that relates "learning problems" of the "disease". Our proposal
entails to rethink the way that the relationship between institutionalized knowledge and the other is made
in a way of elaborating pedagogical strategies that accommodate the multiplicity of modes of being that
make up each individual.
O VIDEODOCUMENTÁRIO COMO REGISTRO DOS 30 ANOS DE TRABALHO DA LUMEN ET FIDES NO
ATENDIMENTO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Junior Santos do Nascimento Weverson , Sallum Bacco Thaisa , Carlos Marcelino Murici Wesley , Silva Garbal Rafaela , Indayara Duda Attar Shorrayla
Published: September 2018

The present research had as a goal to document the work of the Development Association of the Limited
Children - Lumen et Fides which has offered for 30 years the treatment in the health and education fields
helping children and adults with multiple deficiencies and disorder of the spectrum of the autism in the
habilitation process. The research intends to take to the society‘s knowledge through a video documentary,
the existence of the attendances offered and how the institution is able to contribute in the life of the
deficient person. This study used the qualitative approach and as a method the study of case. The data
collecting instruments were: bibliographic research, field research with deep interviews through a semi
open script and documental research and analysis. The analysis of the data was done through the
triangulation technique to document the work done by the institution. All the collected information served
as a basis for the composition of the theoretical cut and also of the practical play entitled ― Dreams of
May, with duration of 67 minutes, leading through humanized journalism discloses to society the
contributions of the institution in the life of the disabled person.
Review of the Maluku Islands species of the lanternfly genus Birdantis Stål, 1863, with a new species and identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Constant Jérôme
Published: September 2018

A new species of the genus Birdantis Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), B. bhaskarai sp. nov. from Larat Island (Tanimbar), is described. Birdantis collaris (Walker, 1870) stat. rev. and B. trilineata (Schmidt, 1926) stat. rev. are reinstated as valid species, respectively from status of subspecies and as junior synonym of B. delibuta Stål, 1863. These four species, as well as the other one previously described from the Maluku Islands, B. decens Stål, 1863, are illustrated from their type specimens. An identification key, a distribution map, illustrations of habitus and details of male genitalia are provided. The synonymy between Myrilla Distant, 1888 and Birdantis is formally reinstated and all species formerly placed in the subgenus Birdantis (Myrilla) are transferred to Birdantis sensu stricto. Birdantis is transferred to the subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 and now contains eighteen species distributed in Maluku (five species), New Guinea and neighbouring islands (ten species) and Australia (three species).
Les deux types de destructions du patrimoine religieux
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: September 2018

On associe souvent la Révolution française à la destruction et au pillage d’oeuvres religieuses. Pour une historiographie antirévolutionnaire, cette destruction a été systématique, entreprise concertée des jacobins qui auraient été les fers de lance d’un vaste complot. Les historiens républicains s’opposent à cette vision, assurant qu’il s’agit de « boniments », que les destructions ont été limitées et accidentelles. Le débat est en fait profondément politique. La notion même de déchristianisation est une invention historiographique, tout comme l’idée qu’il y eut une volonté de célébrer partout des cultes révolutionnaires. Il conviendrait donc plutôt de parler de « défanatisation ».
Le patrimoine qui attise les conflits
Authors: Even-Zohar Itamar
Published: September 2018

Cet article traite des conséquences préjudiciables de certaines pratiques patrimoniales dans les relations de groupes au long de l’histoire humaine. Son objectif est de mettre en évidence les conflits intergroupes qui sont enflammés par le patrimoine. En tant que bien symbolique assurant prestige et avantages à ceux qui le possèdent, le patrimoine a servi depuis des temps immémoriaux à mobiliser la population pour obtenir des gains stratégiques lors des conflits. Il n’est certainement ni la source ni la cause de la plupart des conflits, mais lorsqu’un conflit se déroule, enflammer les sentiments par l’excitation du patrimoine contribue à élever le niveau d’engagement des membres du groupe impliqué. L’utilisation du patrimoine pour attiser les comportements conflictuels provoque évidemment des dommages aux groupes impliqués, mais en même temps évite au patrimoine de perdre complètement son pouvoir de générer ou de maintenir la cohésion socioculturelle.
Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads
Authors: García-Fernández Alfredo , Manzano Pablo , Seoane Javier , Azcárate Francisco M , Iriondo José M , Peco Begoña
Published: September 2018

Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity conservation and productivity, that are mediated by direct human impact. Its consequences include genetic depauperation, including phenomena such as inbreeding depression or reduction in genetic diversity. While the capacity of wild and domestic herbivores to sustain long-distance dispersal has been proven, the impact of herbivore corridors in plant population genetics remains to be observed. We conducted this study in the Conquense Drove Road in Spain, with a sustained use by livestock during centuries where transiting herds passed by twice a year en route to winter and summer pastures. We compared genetic descriptors of Plantago lagopus populations in the drove road with populations in the surrounding agricultural matrix, at varying distances from human settlements. We observed significant differences for coefficients of inbreeding between the drove road and the agricultural matrix, as well as significant trends for higher genetic diversity around human settlements. Trends for higher genetic diversity in drove roads may be present, although they were not significant with the available sample size. The resulting functional landscape has human settlements as dispersal hotspots, while the drove road act as a pollinator reservoir and possibly also as a linear structure facilitating long-distance dispersal in an agricultural matrix where local P. lagopus populations depend rather on short-distance dispersal. These results highlight the role of herbivore corridors for conserving the migration capacity of plants, and they contribute as well in understanding the role of human dispersal for the spread of invasive species.
Multiple ecological processes jointly drive the soil microbial community assembly in subalpine coniferous forests
Authors: Zhao Pengyu , Bao Jiabing , Wang Xue , Liu Yi , Li Cui , Chai Baofeng
Published: September 2018

The mechanisms underlying community dynamics, which govern the complicated biogeographical patterns of microbes, have long been a research hotspot in community ecology. However, the mixing of multiple ecological processes and the one-sidedness of analytical methods make it difficult to draw inferences about the community assembly mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the driving forces of the soil microbial community in subalpine coniferous forests of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, China, by integrating multiple analytical methods. The results of the null model demonstrated that deterministic processes (especially interspecific relationships) were the main driving force of the soil microbial community assembly in this study area, relative to stochastic processes. Based on the results of the net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI), we inferred that historical and evolutionary factors, such as climate change and local diversification, may have similar effects on microbial community structure based on the climatic niche conservatism. Based on the results of a functional traits analysis, we found that the effects of ongoing ecological processes on the microbial community assembly varied among sites. Therefore, the functional structures seemed to be more related to ongoing ecological processes, whereas the phylogenetic structures seemed to be more related to historical and evolutionary factors, as well as the tradeoff between deterministic and stochastic processes. The functional and phylogenetic structures were mainly shaped by different ecological processes. By integrating multiple ecological processes, our results provide more details of the mechanisms driving the community assembly
Reduced colonic mucin degradation in breastfed infants colonized by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001
Authors: Karav Sercan , Casaburi Giorgio , Frese Steven A.
Published: September 2018

Mucin glycoproteins play an important role in protecting the gut epithelium by keeping gut microbes from direct contact with the gut epithelium while allowing for diffusion of small molecules from the lumen to the epithelium. The mucin glycocalyx can be degraded by gut bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia, but other bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis, cannot consume mucin glycans. Untargeted mass spectrometry profiles were compared to microbiome profiles to assess how different gut microbiomes affect colonic mucin degradation. Samples obtained from nine infants colonized by Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 and from 10 infants colonized by higher levels of mucolytic taxa (controls), including Bacteroides, were compared. Previously performed untargeted nano‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐chip/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify glycans originating from colonic mucin. Colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans from control infants composed 37.68% (± 3.14% SD) of the total glycan structure pool, whereas colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans made up of only 1.78% (± 0.038% SD) of the total in B. infantis EVC001 samples. The relative abundance of these colonic mucin‐derived O‐glycans in the total glycan pool was higher among control, 26.98% (± 8.48% SD), relative to B. infantis‐colonized infants, 1.68% (± 1.12% SD). Key taxa, such as Bacteroidaceae, were significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of these structures, while Bifidobacteriaceae were significantly and negatively associated with these structures. These results suggest that colonization of infants by B. infantis may diminish colonic glycan degradation and help maintain barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract of infants.
Decreased plasma C‐reactive protein levels in APOE ε4 allele carriers
Authors: Martiskainen Henna , Takalo Mari , Solomon Alina , Stančáková Alena , Marttinen Mikael , Natunen Teemu , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Herukka Sanna‐Kaisa , Kuusisto Johanna , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Laakso Markku , Hiltunen Mikko
Published: September 2018

Objective

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a well‐established risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we assessed the effects of APOE polymorphism on cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammation‐related parameters in population‐based cohorts.

Methods

Association of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammation‐related parameters with the APOE polymorphism in a large Finnish Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort and Finnish Geriatric Intervention study to prevent cognitive impairment and disability (FINGER) were investigated. Brain‐specific effects were addressed in postmortem brain samples.

Results

Individuals carrying the APOE ε4 allele displayed significantly elevated serum/plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels. APOE ε3ε4 and ε4ε4 significantly associated with lower levels of plasma high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). Plasma amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) and reduced hs‐CRP levels showed an association independently of the APOE status.

Interpretation

These data suggest that the APOE ε4 allele associates with lower levels of hs‐CRP in individuals without dementia. Moreover, Aβ42 may encompass anti‐inflammatory effects reflected by reduced hs‐CRP levels.
2D Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wu Qing , Zhang Feng , Chen Lingling , Jin Xinxin , Hu Yuwei , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Han
Published: September 2018

2D nanomaterials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrashort‐pulse fiber laser technology. This review presents a catalog of the factors affecting the nonlinear optical properties of 2D nanomaterials and the recent progress in processing and integration strategies into saturable absorber devices as versatile, wideband ultrafast optical switches for fiber‐based‐laser short‐pulse generation. Particular focus is on black phosphorus, and a summary of the current status of black‐phosphorus‐based pulsed lasers is given, which provide new potential efficacy for this and other 2D nanomaterials in ultrafast photonic technology.
Colloidal Self‐Assembly Concepts for Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Mayer Martin , Schnepf Max J. , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas
Published: September 2018

Metallic nanostructures exhibit strong interactions with electromagnetic radiation, known as the localized surface plasmon resonance. In recent years, there is significant interest and growth in the area of coupled metallic nanostructures. In such assemblies, short‐ and long‐range coupling effects can be tailored and emergent properties, e.g., metamaterial effects, can be realized. The term “plasmonic metasurfaces” is used for this novel class of assemblies deposited on planar surfaces. Herein, the focus is on plasmonic metasurfaces formed from colloidal particles. These are formed by self‐assembly and can meet the demands of low‐cost manufacturing of large‐area, flexible, and ultrathin devices. The advances in high optical quality of the colloidal building blocks and methods for controlling their self‐assembly on surfaces will lead to novel functional devices for dynamic light modulators, pulse sharpening, subwavelength imaging, sensing, and quantum devices. This progress report focuses on predicting optical properties of single colloidal building blocks and their assemblies, wet‐chemical synthesis, and directed self‐assembly of colloidal particles. The report concludes with a discussion of the perspectives toward expanding the colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces concept by integrating them with quantum emitters (gain materials) or mechanically responsive structures.
Enantioselective Lewis Acid Catalyzed ortho Photocycloaddition of Olefins to Phenanthrene‐9‐carboxaldehydes
Authors: Stegbauer Simone , Jandl Christian , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2018

Visible‐light irradiation (λ=457 nm) enabled the enantioselective ortho photocycloaddition of olefins to phenanthrene‐9‐carboxaldehydes (15 examples, 46–93 % yield, 82–98 % ee). A chiral oxazaborolidine Lewis acid (20 mol %) was employed as the catalyst. It operates by coordination to the aldehyde inducing a bathochromic absorption shift beyond the nπ* absorption of the uncomplexed aldehyde. At long wavelengths the Lewis acid complex is exclusively excited; within the complex, one enantiotopic face of the aromatic aldehyde is efficiently shielded. Lewis acid coordination also alters the type selectivity and the simple diastereoselectivity of the photocycloaddition.
All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality Trends of End‐Stage Renal Disease Due to Lupus Nephritis From 1995 to 2014
Authors: Jorge April , Wallace Zachary S. , Zhang Yuqing , Lu Na , Costenbader Karen H. , Choi Hyon K.
Published: September 2018

Objective

A prior study showed that premature mortality among patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephritis (LN) persisted in the US between 1995 and 2006. The present study was undertaken to extend this analysis through 2014 to examine more recent trends, including key cause‐specific mortality trends.

Methods

Using the national registry of patients with ESRD, we identified all patients with incident ESRD due to LN between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014, divided into four 5‐year cohorts of ESRD onset by calendar year (1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014). We assessed mortality within each cohort. Temporal trends in all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality were examined, adjusting for covariates.

Results

We identified 20,974 individuals with incident ESRD due to LN from 1995 through 2014. The mortality rate per 100 patient‐years declined from 11.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.4–11.8) in 1995–1999 to 6.7 (95% CI 6.2–7.2) in 2010–2014 (P for trend < 0.01). Adjusted mortality hazard ratios in 2010–2014, compared with 1995–1999, were 0.68 (95% CI 0.58–0.78) for white patients, 0.67 (95% CI 0.57–0.78) for African American patients, and 0.51 (95% CI 0.38–0.69) for Hispanic patients. Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infection declined by 44% and 63%, respectively, from 1995–1999 to 2010–2014 (P for trend < 0.01 for both).

Conclusion

In the more recent years of the period 1995–2014, there was a considerable reduction in all‐cause mortality among white, African American, and Hispanic patients, with reduced risk of death from CVD and infection. Collectively, these trends provide an important benchmark of improving care in this high‐risk population.
Evidence for Genetic Contribution to Variation in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Chinzei Nobuaki , Rai Muhammad Farooq , Hashimoto Shingo , Schmidt Eric J. , Takebe Ken , Cheverud James M. , Sandell Linda J.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Recombinant inbred mouse strains generated from an LG/J and SM/J intercross offer a unique resource to study complex genetic traits such as osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine the susceptibility of 14 strains to various phenotypes characteristic of posttraumatic OA. We hypothesized that phenotypic variability is associated with genetic variability.

Methods

Ten‐week‐old male mice underwent surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce posttraumatic OA. Mice were killed 8 weeks after surgery, and knee joints were processed for histology to score cartilage degeneration and synovitis. Micro–computed tomography was used to analyze trabecular bone parameters including subchondral bone plate thickness and synovial ectopic calcifications. Gene expression in the knees was assessed using a QuantiGene Plex assay.

Results

Broad‐sense heritability ranged from 0.18 to 0.58, which suggested that the responses to surgery were moderately heritable. The LGXSM‐33, LGXSM‐5, LGXSM‐46, and SM/J strains were highly susceptible to OA, while the LGXSM‐131b, LGXSM‐163, LGXSM‐35, LGXSM‐128a, LGXSM‐6, and LG/J strains were relatively OA resistant. This study was the first to accomplish measurement of genetic correlations of phenotypes that are characteristic of posttraumatic OA. Cartilage degeneration was significantly positively associated with synovitis (r = 0.83–0.92), and subchondral bone plate thickness was negatively correlated with ectopic calcifications (r = −0.59). Moreover, we showed that 40 of the 78 genes tested were significantly correlated with various OA phenotypes. However, unlike the OA phenotypes, there was no evidence for genetic variation in differences in gene expression levels between DMM‐operated and sham‐operated knees.

Conclusion

For these mouse strains, various characteristics of posttraumatic OA varied with genetic composition, which demonstrated a genetic basis for susceptibility to posttraumatic OA. The heritability of posttraumatic OA was established. Phenotypes exhibited various degrees of correlations; cartilage degeneration was positively correlated with synovitis, but not with the formation of ectopic calcifications. Further investigation of the genome regions that contain genes implicated in OA, as well as further investigation of gene expression data, will be useful for studying mechanisms of OA and identifying therapeutic targets.
Continuous Finite‐Time Sliding Mode Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Applications to DC‐DC Buck Converters
Authors: Zhao Zhenhua , Li Shihua , Yang Jun
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the continuous finite‐time control problem of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances through the terminal sliding mode control method. By constructing a novel dynamic terminal sliding manifold based on the disturbance estimations of high‐order sliding mode observers, a continuous finite‐time terminal sliding mode control method is developed to counteract mismatched disturbances. To avoid discontinuous control action, the switching terms of a dynamic terminal sliding manifold are designed to appear only in the derivative term of the control variable. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed control method is applied to a DC‐DC buck converter system. The experimental results show the proposed method exhibits better control performance than a chattering free controller, such as mismatched disturbances rejection and smaller steady‐state fluctuations.
Bayesian statistical process control for Phase I count type data
Authors: Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis , Hawkins Douglas M.
Published: September 2018

Count data, most often modeled by a Poisson distribution, are common in statistical process control. They are traditionally monitored by frequentistcorucharts, by cumulative sum and by exponentially weighted moving average charts. These charts all assume that the in‐control true mean is known, a common fiction that is addressed by gathering a large Phase I sample and using it to estimate the mean. “Self‐starting” proposals that ameliorate the need for a large Phase I sample have also appeared. All these methods are frequentist, ie, they allow only retrospective inference during Phase I, and they have no coherent way to incorporate less‐than‐perfect prior information about the in‐control mean. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian procedure that can incorporate prior information, allow online inference, and should be particularly attractive for short‐run settings where large Phase I calibration exercises are impossible or unreasonable.
First detection and molecular characterization of a DENV‐1/DENV‐4 co‐infection during an epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Bruycker‐Nogueira Fernanda , Faria Nieli Rodrigues da Costa , Nunes Priscila Conrado Guerra , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , dos Santos Flavia Barreto
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

In the 80s, dengue viruses type 1 and 4 (DENV‐1 and 4) were isolated in North region of Brazil. However, it was only after the DENV‐1 introduction in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in mid‐1980s, that dengue became a nationwide public health problem. In 2009, this serotype re‐emerged causing an explosive epidemic in the country. DENV‐4 was first detected in RJ in 2011 and in 2012, and DENV‐1 and 4 were co‐circulating and responsible for a high number of cases notifications. Here, we describe the detection and molecular characterization of a DENV‐1/4 co‐infection in sample of 2012 in RJ.
Process Modeling, Simulation and Optimization: From Single Solutions to a Multitude of Solutions to Support Decision Making
Authors: Asprion Norbert , Bortz Michael
Published: September 2018

Besides experimentation process simulation is a key technology in process development. Process simulation supports design, analysis and operation of chemical processes and plants. A systematic use of process simulation and optimization in the process development workflow is beneficial for both the process model and experiments and enables to be more efficient and effective in process design. In the following it will be discussed how the application of process simulation and optimization has to be broadened to provide decision support for process development.
Efficacy and safety of short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (≤6 months) after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Abo‐Aly Mohamed , Kim Sun Moon , Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Abdel‐Latif Ahmed , Ziada Khaled M.
Published: September 2018

Background

Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk for subsequent ischemic events.

Hypothesis

Short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (≤6 months) is inferior to standard or long‐term DAPT in patients who undergo PCI for ACS events.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared short‐term (≤6 months) to long‐term (≥12 months) DAPT after PCI for ACS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database.

Results

Ten randomized controlled trials, including a total of 12 696 patients, met our inclusion criteria. For short‐term DAPT, duration of therapy ranged from 3 to 6 months, while long‐term DAPT ranged from 12 to 24 months. The majority of studies used clopidogrel and second‐generation drug‐eluting stents. No statistically significant difference was found between short‐term and long‐term DAPT with regard to myocardial infarction (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 0.94‐1.57; P = 0.14), stent thrombosis (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.00‐2.38; P = 0.052), or major bleeding events (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.49‐1.11; P = 0.14). There was no significant difference in all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, or net adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that short‐term DAPT (<6 months) after PCI for ACS was not associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis when compared to long‐term DAPT.
An Update on Patents Covering Agents That Interfere with the Cancer Glycolytic Cascade
Authors: Fortunato Serena , Bononi Giulia , Granchi Carlotta , Minutolo Filippo
Published: September 2018

Many tumors exhibit altered metabolic characteristics relative to normal and healthy tissues. Their metabolic profile highlights a strong prevalence of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, regardless of their exposure to different oxygen levels (the Warburg effect). This condition originates from a set of gene regulations, consisting of the overexpression of some enzymes or transporters involved in the glycolytic pathway. Therefore, these effectors may constitute appealing targets for the implementation of selective therapeutic interventions against cancer. Recently, significant progress has been made in the discovery of molecules that act at various levels of the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells. So far, some of the most widely explored targets of the glycolytic cascade are represented by glucose transporters, hexokinase, 6‐phosphofructokinase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and monocarboxylate transporters. The purpose of this minireview is to provide an update on some of the most recently patented bioactive molecules that are able to interfere with cancer glycolysis, and on their use in specific combination therapies.
Molecular investigation of FGFR3 gene mutation and its correlation with clinicopathological findings in Indian bladder cancer patients
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Mahal Vishal , Verma Geeta , Bhatia Simi , Das Bibhu Ranjan
Published: September 2018

Background

Molecular alteration of FGFR3 gene is the most common genetic event currently known in bladder cancer. Notably, FGFR3 mutation has emerged as a promising molecular biomarker for recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.

Aim

The present study explored the frequency and distribution pattern of FGFR3 mutation in 100 Indian bladder cancer patients.

Methods and results

Exons 7, 10, and 15 were subjected to nested PCR followed by bidirectional sequencing of the PCR products. Overall, FGFR3 gene mutations were identified in 19 bladder cancer patients (19%, 19 of 100). Most of the mutations were noted in exon 7 (15%), followed by exon 10 (4%). All mutations detected were missense in nature affecting amino acids at codons 248, 249, and 373. The S249C mutations were the most recurrent mutation seen in exon 7, while Y373C was commonly observed in exon 10. In contrast to exons 7 and 10, no mutations were seen in exon 15 in this study. Females and older age patients tend to show increased frequency of FGFR3 mutations. Furthermore, FGFR3 mutations were more common in low pathological stage (6/20 pTa and 13/71 pT1) and low‐grade tumors (13/46). This predominance in low‐grade tumors were significantly high in comparison to high‐grade tumor (P = .04). Likewise, FGFR3 mutations were significantly higher in well‐differentiated tumors (32.6%, 14/43) in comparison to moderately differentiated tumors (11.3%, 5/44), and poorly differentiated tumor (0%, 0/13) (P = .007). No other association of FGFR3 with tumor size, necrosis, and variant histology was noted.

Conclusions

The current study highlights the spectrum of FGFR3 mutation in Indian patients, and the data presented here are similar to those reported from across the globe.
Interfacial Sulfur Functionalization Anchoring SnO2 and CH3NH3PbI3 for Enhanced Stability and Trap Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Huey Ng Chi , Yang Fu , Pandey Manish , Kapil Gaurav , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi
Published: September 2018

Trap states at the interface or in bulk perovskite materials critically influence perovskite solar cells performance and long‐term stability. Here, a strategy for efficiently passivating charge traps and mitigating interfacial recombination by SnO2 surface sulfur functionalization is reported, which utilizes xanthate decomposition on the SnO2 surface at low temperature. The results show that functionalized sulfur atoms can coordinate with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions near the interface. After device fabrication under more than 60 % humidity in ambient air, the efficiency of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells based on sulfur‐functionalized SnO2 increased from 16.56 % to 18.41 % with suppressed hysteresis, which resulted from the accelerated interfacial charge transport kinetics and decreased traps in bulk perovskite by interfacial sulfur functionalization. Additionally, thermally stimulated current studies show the decreased trap density in the shallow trap area after interfacial sulfur functionalization. The interfacial sulfur functionalized solar cells without sealing also exhibited considerable retardation of solar cell degradation with only 10 % degradation after 70 days air storage. This work demonstrates a facile sulfur functionalization strategy by using xanthate decomposition on SnO2 surfaces to obtain highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
Is mild asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction always predictive of adverse events in high‐risk populations? Insights from the DAVID‐Berg study
Authors: Gori Mauro , Redfield Margaret M. , Calabrese Alice , Canova Paolo , Cioffi Giovanni , De Maria Renata , Grosu Aurelia , Fontana Alessandra , Iacovoni Attilio , Ferrari Paola , Parati Gianfranco , Gavazzi Antonello , Senni Michele
Published: September 2018

Background

Mild asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD) may be associated with incident heart failure (HF). However, this gray zone group needs incremental risk refinement. We hypothesized that diastolic dysfunction (DD) may refine HF and death risk prediction in mild ALVSD.

Methods and results

Among 4047 subjects aged ≥55/≤80 years followed by 10 general practitioners in northern Italy, the DAVID‐Berg study prospectively enrolled 623 asymptomatic outpatients at increased risk for HF. Baseline evaluation included clinical visit, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, and echocardiogram. Based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and DD, subjects were classified as: control group (normal LVEF, n = 459, 76%), mild ALVSD (LVEF ≥40%/<53%) without DD (n = 89, 15%) and with DD (n = 54, 9%). Subjects with LVEF <40% or without full echocardiographic data were excluded from the analysis (n = 21). Mean age of the population was 69 ±7 years, 56% were men, mostly hypertensive, mean LVEF was 61%. During a median follow‐up of 5.7 years, 88 subjects (15%) experienced HF/death events (59 HF events and 29 deaths). Compared to the control group, mild ALVSD was associated with a higher risk of incident HF/death (hazard ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.93, adjusted P = 0.019) according to the Cox proportional hazards model. However, this higher risk was present only in subjects with combined DD (P = 0.005) and not in those without it (P = 0.30). Results were consistent even considering the individual components of the primary outcome.

Conclusion

In a high‐risk population, an echocardiographic exam is normally performed to assess systolic dysfunction. Our data underline the importance of also relying on DD to risk stratify mild ALVSD. Mild ALVSD might be a predictor of adverse events mainly in subjects with combined DD, though further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Reform of New Source Review Under the Trump Administration
Authors: Beauvais Joel
Published: September 2018

The Clean Air Act's New Source Review (NSR) program affects virtually every major power plant and manufacturing and energy facility in the United States, as well as smaller facilities in certain areas with poor air quality.
Trump Administration Attempting Major Changes to Clean Air Act Priorities
Authors: Jordan David R.
Published: September 2018

The advent of the Trump administration has resulted in a dramatic change in direction for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
IoT Will Not Deliver on Potential Without Solving This Challenge
Authors: Sim Harry
Published: September 2018

Lack of data visibility in existing plants hinders Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) deployment, but noninvasive instrumentation upgrade is a key part of the solution.
Natural Gas and Greenhouse Gases—What's the Connection?
Authors: Makholm Jeff D.
Published: September 2018

In 2013, Ernest Moniz—now celebrated for his role in the Iran nuclear deal but then director of the MIT Energy Initiative—spoke about shale gas as a “game changer” and a “bridge to a lower‐carbon planet.”
Systematic identification of lincRNA‐based prognostic biomarkers by integrating lincRNA expression and copy number variation in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Li , Zhao Hongying , Xu Yingqi , Li Jing , Deng Chunyu , Deng Yulan , Bai Jing , Li Xia , Xiao Yun , Zhang Yunpeng
Published: September 2018

Copy number alterations (CNAs) of lincRNAs act as one of important mechanisms in disrupting lincRNA expression which may play critical roles during tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The copy number alterations of lincRNAs can mark the spectrum of cancer progression and may serve as biomarkers for prognosis in LUAD, however it is rarely studied. We analyzed RNASeq data for 488 LUAD patients from TCGA portal and 58 healthy subjects to identify prognostic lincRNAs predictive of patient survival. Computational analysis entailing integration of expression and copy number alteration data revealed five prognostic lincRNAs: RBPMS‐AS1, TDRKH‐AS1, LINC00578, RP11‐470 M17.2 and LINC00941. The copy number alterations in the LINC00578 and RP11‐470 M17.2 genes were positively associated with the longer overall survival of LUAD patients. The CNA in LINC00941 was negatively associated with the longer overall survival. Copy number amplification significantly correlated with increased expression of TDRKH‐AS1, which regulates telomere organization and EZH2‐mediated epigenetic silencing of CDKN1A, CDKN1B and IL24. Decreased survival of LUAD patients was associated with high LINC00941 expression. The LINC00941 regulates the PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway, focal adhesion by influencing potential targets, such as KRAS proto‐oncogene GTPase and VEGFC. These lincRNA‐based prognostic biomarkers may destroy important cancer‐related biological processes contributing to LUAD prognosis. In summary, we demonstrate the prognostic potential of four differentially expressed lincRNAs with copy number alterations (RBPMS‐AS1, TDRKH‐AS1, LINC00578 and RP11‐470 M17.2) that are positively associated with longer overall survival of LUAD patients. One differentially expressed lincRNA LINC00941 with copy number alterations was negatively associated with longer overall survival of LUAD patients.
Four years of the FIGO postpartum intrauterine device initiative in Sri Lanka: Pilot initiative to national policy
Authors: Weerasekera Deepal S. , Senanayeke Lakshmen , Ratnasiri Pushpananda U. , Perera Gamini Y. , Lanerolle Sanath , Godakandage Sanjeeva S. , de Silva Ranjith , Fernando Lakshan
Published: September 2018

Objective

To analyze the difficulties and challenges arising from introduction of postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services into the Sri Lankan health system.

Methods

Phase I of a FIGO PPIUD initiative was implemented in 2013 in six hospitals; phase II began in 12 hospitals in 2015. During this period, 915 Medical Officers were trained in PPIUD insertion and 5370 personnel were trained in PPIUD counseling. Women were followed up at 4–6 weeks after insertion.

Results

A total of 184 433 women (62.4% of hospital deliveries) were interviewed about PPIUD as a method of contraception. Of those interviewed, 116 159 (63.0%) received counseling on PPIUD and 11 339 (6.1%) consented to PPIUD insertion. Of consenting women, 9346 (82.4%) had a PPIUD inserted. There were no significant complications reported at insertion. Expulsion rates were 2.9% and removal rates were 4.1%.

Conclusion

PPIUD as a method of contraception was successfully introduced into the 18 participating hospitals. Given the success of this pilot intervention and the safety profile demonstrated, PPIUD was added to the national family planning program in 2017.
The impact of using nurses to perform postpartum intrauterine device insertions in Kalyani Hospital, India
Authors: Bhadra Banasree , Burman Sougata K. , Purandare Chittaranjan N. , Divakar Hema , Sequeira Thelma , Bhardwaj Ajey
Published: September 2018

In the postpartum period women are vulnerable to unintended pregnancy, which may lead to legal or illegal abortion and impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although several postpartum family planning options are available, lack of access to and availability of family planning services and trained staff pose serious challenges. Peripheral centers may not have a doctor; however, they will have nursing staff that can be trained to offer family planning counselling and services. The present study demonstrates how task sharing with nurses to provide postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services worked to give women a convenient and safe contraceptive method. PPIUD insertion provides women the additional advantage of leaving hospital with appropriate long‐term contraception after institutional delivery, and also decreases the costs borne by patients and the government. This approach also impacts maternal and newborn health by avoiding unwanted pregnancy.
Maximal orbital analysis of molecular wavefunctions
Authors: Dupuis Michel , Nallapu Meghana
Published: September 2018

We describe a new way to decompose one‐electron orbitals of a molecule into atom‐centered or fragment‐centered orbitals by an approach that we call “maximal orbital analysis” (MOA). The MOA analysis is based on the corresponding orbital transformation (COT) that has the unique mathematical property of maximizing any sub‐trace of the overlap matrix, in Hilbert metric sense, between two sets of nonorthogonal orbitals. Here, one set comprises the molecule orbitals (Hartree–Fock, Kohn–Sham, complete‐active‐space, or any set of orthonormal molecular orbitals), the other set comprises the basis functions associated with an atom or a group of atoms. We show in prototypical molecular systems such as a water dimer, metal carbonyl complexes, and a mixed‐valent transition metal complex, that the MOA orbitals capture very well key aspects of wavefunctions and the ensuing chemical concepts that govern electronic interactions in molecules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.