bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Macrophage for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Li Lian , Liu Jie , She Hua
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that specifically affects motor neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis usually die from respiratory failure within 3 to 5 years from when the symptoms first appear. Currently, there is no cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dismantling of neuromuscular junction is an early event in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Conclusion:

It is starting to realized that macrophage malfunction contributes to the disruption of neuromuscular junction. Modulation of macrophage activation states may stabilize neuromuscular junction and provide protection against motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Mitochondrial Disorders Therapy: The Utility of Melatonin
Authors: Lopez Luis C. , Acuna-Castroviejo Dario , Pino Alberto del , Tejada Miguel , Escames Germaine
Published: April 2019

Mitochondria play a central role in the cell physiology. It is now recognized that, besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are enrolled in multiple cell functions including energy distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis control. Recently, evidence is accumulating for a direct participation of mitochondria in stem cell proliferation and/or differentiation. All these functions suggest that mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA may induce serious cell impairments, and there is now evidence of more than 200 mtDNA mutations responsible for human pathologies. Moreover, mitochondria are, simultaneously, the main producer and target of ROS and, thus, multiple mitochondrial diseases are related to ROSinduced mitochondrial injuries. Among these, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, and aging itself, are caused or accompanied by ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. With regard to its action spectrum as an antioxidant, melatonin may be regarded as a firstchoice agent for preventing and/or reducing the excess of ROS, thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown the protective role of melatonin on mitochondrial physiology, yielding a significant improvement in those diseases in which energy supply to the cell had been compromised. New lines of evidence suggest the participation of mitochondria in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and preliminary data support the role of melatonin in these processes. This review accounts for the multiple functions of mitochondria and the mechanisms involved in the numerous beneficial effects of melatonin to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.
A Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Different Fixation Techniques Using Gracilis and Semitendinosus Autograft
Authors: Apostolopoulos Ioannis , Pneumaticos Spyros , Korres Dimitrios , Markatos Konstantinos , Andreakos Anastasios
Published: April 2019

Background:

Hamstring tendons are widely used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Improvements in fixation materials have increased the success of the reconstruction procedures using this type of graft. The main advantage of the hamstring tendon autograft is the lower donor site morbidity associated with its harvesting. On the other hand, tunnel widening is reported more frequently with the use of hamstring tendon autograft compared to patellar or quadriceps tendons. The objective of the present study was to evaluate three different fixation techniques at a minimum of 2 years after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using gracilis and semitendinosus autograft.

Methods:

Between February 2012 and March 2016, 112 ACL reconstructions using double looped semitendinosus and gracilis graft were performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups in a randomized fashion. 98 patients were followed up for 2 years. In the first group (43 patients), suspensory fixation using Retrobutton (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida) was used. In the second group (30 patients), transcondylar graft fixation Bio-Transfix (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) was performed, and in the third group (25 patients), aperture fixation using AperFix (Cayenne Medical, Scottdale, Arizona, Biomet) was performed. Clinical evaluation was performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, Lysholm knee and Tegner activity level scores, as well as arthometer measurements. Tunnel enlargement and graft integrity were evaluated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6, 12 and 24 months.

Results:

Ten patients were completely lost to follow up, and four had undergone a revision ACL reconstruction before the two-year follow up period, leaving 98 patients for analysis. No statistically significant differences between the three groups were noted other than that the first group tended to have more tunnel enlargement than the other two groups, especially at the femoral tunnel (p=.026), but not at the tibial tunnel (p>0.408). Our results showed that almost 90% of the patients in the three groups had functionally normal or near normal IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores.

Conclusion:

The three different techniques yielded equal results as regards improved patient performance. The functional results as well as knee stability tests were not related with tunnel enlargement, at least in the short term.
Molecular Docking Using Chimera and Autodock Vina Software for Nonbioinformaticians (Preprint)
Authors: Butt Sania Safdar , Badshah Yasmin , Shabbir Maria , Rafiq Mehak
Published: April 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

In the field of drug discovery, many methods of molecular modeling have been employed to study complex biological and chemical systems. Experimental strategies are integrated with computational approaches for the identification, characterization, and development of novel drugs and compounds. In modern drug designing, molecular docking is an approach that explores the confirmation of a ligand within the binding site of a macromolecule. To date, many software and tools for docking have been employed. AutoDock Vina (in UCSF [University of California, San Francisco] Chimera) is one of the computationally fastest and most accurate software employed in docking. In this paper, a sequential demonstration of molecular docking of the ligand fisetin with the target protein Akt has been provided, using AutoDock Vina in UCSF Chimera 1.12. The first step involves target protein ID retrieval from the protein database, the second step involves visualization of the protein structure in UCSF Chimera, the third step involves preparation of the target protein for docking, the fourth step involves preparation of the ligand for docking, the fifth step involves docking of the ligand and the target protein as Mol.2 files in Chimera by using AutoDock Vina, and the final step involves interpretation and analysis of the docking results. By following the guidelines and steps outlined in this paper, researchers with no previous background in bioinformatics research can perform computational docking in an easier and more user-friendly manner.
Temporal Pattern Detection to Predict Adverse Events in Critical Care: Case Study With Acute Kidney Injury (Preprint)
Authors: Morid Mohammad Amin , Sheng Olivia R Liu , Del Fiol Guilherme , Facelli Julio C , Bray Bruce E , Abdelrahman Samir
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

More than 20% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) develop an adverse event (AE). No previous study has leveraged patients’ data to extract the temporal features using their structural temporal patterns, that is, trends.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to improve AE prediction methods by using structural temporal pattern detection that captures global and local temporal trends and to demonstrate these improvements in the detection of acute kidney injury (AKI).

METHODS

Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care dataset, containing 22,542 patients, we extracted both global and local trends using structural pattern detection methods to predict AKI (ie, binary prediction). Classifiers were built on 17 input features consisting of vital signs and laboratory test results using state-of-the-art models; the optimal classifier was selected for comparisons with previous approaches. The classifier with structural pattern detection features was compared with two baseline classifiers that used different temporal feature extraction approaches commonly used in the literature: (1) symbolic temporal pattern detection, which is the most common approach for multivariate time series classification; and (2) the last recorded value before the prediction point, which is the most common approach to extract temporal data in the AKI prediction literature. Moreover, we assessed the individual contribution of global and local trends. Classifier performance was measured in terms of accuracy (primary outcome), area under the curve, and F-measure. For all experiments, we employed 20-fold cross-validation.

RESULTS

Random forest was the best classifier using structural temporal pattern detection. The accuracy of the classifier with local and global trend features was significantly higher than that while using symbolic temporal pattern detection and the last recorded value (81.3% vs 70.6% vs 58.1%; P<.001). Excluding local or global features reduced the accuracy to 74.4% or 78.1%, respectively (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Classifiers using features obtained from structural temporal pattern detection significantly improved the prediction of AKI onset in ICU patients over two baselines based on common previous approaches. The proposed method is a generalizable approach to predict AEs in critical care that may be used to help clinicians intervene in a timely manner to prevent or mitigate AEs.
Investigating the Use of Mobile Health Interventions in Vulnerable Populations for Cardiovascular Disease Management: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wali Sahr , Hussain- Shamsy Neesha , Ross Heather , Cafazzo Joseph
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has grown to become one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The advancements of CVD-related treatments have led to a decline in CVD prevalence among individuals in high-income countries (HICs). However, these improvements do not reflect the state of individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and vulnerable subgroup populations in HICs, such as the Indigenous. To help minimize the health disparities in these populations, technology-based interventions have been offered as a potential solution, but there is concern regarding if they will be effective, or even needed, as these tools have been designed for use in HICs.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore how mobile health (mHealth) interventions currently assist individuals in Indigenous communities and LMICs with CVD management.

METHODS

A scoping review guided by the methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was conducted. A comprehensive search was completed by 2 reviewers in 5 electronic databases using keywords related to mobile health, cardiovascular disease, self-care, Indigenous communities, and LMICs. Studies were screened over 2 rounds and critically reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method. Descriptive data were categorized into thematic groups reflecting the major findings related to the study objective.

RESULTS

We identified a total of 11 original articles and 11 review papers that met the criteria for this scoping review. The majority of the studies included a telemonitoring- and text messaging (short message service, SMS)–related feature associated with the intervention. The use of SMS was the most common approach to effectively promote disease management among individuals in both LMICs and Indigenous communities. However, customizing for cultural considerations within the design of the intervention was highlighted as a pivotal component to encourage CVD management. Specifically, individuals emphasized that the inclusion of collaborative partnerships with community members would strengthen the effectiveness of the intervention by ensuring it was designed with the appropriate context.

CONCLUSIONS

Technology-based interventions used within Indigenous communities and LMICs have shown their potential to assist individuals with managing their condition. Although the literature available regarding this topic is limited, this review outlines key components to promote the effective use of these tools in the context of these vulnerable populations.
Long-Term Outcomes of a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Elevated Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Quasiexperimental, Pre-Postintervention Study (Preprint)
Authors: Economides Marcos , Ranta Kristian , Nazander Albert , Hilgert Outi , Goldin Philippe R , Raevuori Anu , Forman-Hoffman Valerie
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and severely impacts one’s physical, psychological, and social functioning. To address access barriers to care, we developed Ascend —a smartphone-delivered, therapist-supported, 8-week intervention based on several evidence-based psychological treatments for depression and anxiety. A previous feasibility study with 102 adults with elevated depression reported that Ascend is associated with a postintervention reduction in depression symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to examine whether Ascend is associated with a reduction in symptoms of anxiety, and importantly, whether reductions in symptoms of depression and anxiety are maintained up to 12 months postintervention.

METHODS

We assessed whether the previously reported, end-of-treatment improvements seen in the 102 adults with elevated symptoms of depression extended up to 12 months posttreatment for depression symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and up to 6 months posttreatment for anxiety symptoms (added to the intervention later and measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] scale). We used linear mixed effects models with Tukey contrasts to compare time points and reported intention-to-treat statistics with a sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS

The intervention was associated with reductions in symptoms of depression that were maintained 12 months after the program (6.67-point reduction in PHQ-9 score, 95% CI 5.59-7.75; P<.001; Hedges g=1.14, 95% CI 0.78-1.49). A total of 60% of the participants with PHQ-9 scores above the cutoff for major depression at baseline (PHQ≥10) reported clinically significant improvement at the 12-month follow-up (at least 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score and postprogram score <10). Participants also reported reductions in symptoms of anxiety that were maintained for at least 6 months after the program (4.26-point reduction in GAD-7 score, 95% CI 3.14-5.38; P<.001; Hedges g=0.91, 95% CI 0.54-1.28).

CONCLUSIONS

There is limited evidence on whether outcomes associated with smartphone-based interventions for common mental health problems are maintained posttreatment. Participants who enrolled in Ascend experienced clinically significant reductions in symptoms of depression and anxiety that were maintained for up to 1 year and 6 months after the intervention, respectively. Future randomized trials are warranted to test Ascend as a scalable solution to the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Associations of Social Media Use With Physical Activity and Sleep Adequacy Among Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Shimoga Sandhya V , Erlyana Erlyana , Rebello Vida
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Adolescents’ use of social media, which has increased considerably in the past decade, has both positive and negative influences on adolescents’ health and health behaviors. As social media is the most prominent communication tool of choice for adolescents, it is important to understand the relationship between the frequency of social media use and health behaviors among this population.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to examine the associations between the frequency of social media use and physical activity and sleep adequacy among middle and high school students.

METHODS

We used data from the Monitoring the Future survey (2014 and 2015), a nationally representative, annual, cross-sectional survey of American 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students (N=43,994). Health behaviors examined were frequency of vigorous physical activity and frequency of getting 7 hours of sleep (never/seldom, sometimes, and every day/nearly every day). We measured frequency of social media use using a Likert-like scale (never, a few times a year, 1-2 times a month, once a week, or every day). Multivariable generalized ordered logistic regressions examined the association of social media use with different levels of physical activity and sleep. We estimated marginal effects (MEs) for the main independent variable (social media use frequency) by holding all other variables at their observed values.

RESULTS

The study population comprised 51.13% (21,276/42,067) female students, 37.48% (17,160/43,994) from the South, and 80.07% (34,953/43,994) from a metropolitan area, with 76.90% (33,831/43,994) reporting using social media every day. Among physically active students, frequent social media use was associated with a higher likelihood of vigorous daily exercise (ME 50.1%, 95% CI 49.2%-51.0%). Among sedentary students, frequent social media use was associated with a lower likelihood of vigorous daily exercise (ME 15.8%, 95% CI 15.1%-16.4%). Moderately active students who used social media once or twice a month had the highest likelihood of reporting vigorous daily exercise (ME 42.0%, 95% CI 37.6%-46.3%). Among those who normally got adequate sleep, daily social media users were least likely to report adequate sleep (ME 41.3%, 95% CI 40.4%-42.1%). Among those who were usually sleep deprived, daily social media users were more likely to report adequate sleep (ME 18.3%, 95% CI 17.6%-19.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

Regular social media use every day was associated with a reinforcement of health behaviors at both extremes of health behaviors, whereas a medium intensity of social media use was associated with the highest levels of physical activity and lowest sleep adequacy among those with moderate health behaviors. Hence, finding an optimal level of social media use that is beneficial to a variety of health behaviors would be most beneficial to adolescents who are in the middle of the health behavior spectrum.
Performance of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Surveillance in Yemen: Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abdulmughni Jihan , Mahyoub Esam Mohammed , Alaghbari Abdulaziz Thabit , Al Serouri Abdulwahed Abdelgabar , Khader Yousef
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge to ending TB occurrence by 2035. In Yemen, the 2011 survey showed an MDR-TB prevalence of 1.4% among new cases and 14.4% among previously treated cases. The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) established four MDR-TB sentinel surveillance sites in 2013 to monitor the MDR-TB situation. In Yemen, the 2011 survey showed an MDR-TB prevalence of 1.4% among new cases and 14.4% among previously treated cases. The NTCP established four MDR-TB sentinel surveillance sites in 2013 to monitor the MDR-TB situation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the performance of MDR-TB surveillance and determine its strengths and weaknesses.

METHODS

We used the updated Center for Diseases Control and Prevention guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Interviews were conducted with NTCP managers and Regional MDR-TB centers’ staff using a semistructured questionnaire. We used a 5-point Likert scale to assess the usefulness and other attributes (eg, simplicity and flexibility). The mean percentage was calculated for each attribute and used for the final rank of the performance: poor (<60%), average (60%-80%), and good (>80%).

RESULTS

The MDR-TB surveillance system achieved good performance in usefulness (87%), acceptability (82%), and data quality (91%); average performance in flexibility (61%) and simplicity (72%); and poor performance in stability (55%). The overall performance score was average (74%). Although strong commitment, good monitoring, and well-trained staff are the main strengths, depending on an external fund is a major weakness along with unavailability of the MDR-TB unit at the governorate level.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the MDR-TB surveillance system has achieved an average overall performance, more efforts are required to improve its stability by ensuring constant power supply to enable laboratories to perform necessary diagnostic and follow-up tests. Gradual replacement of donors’ funds by the government is recommended. Scaling up of MDR-TB services and removing access barriers are crucial.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Synaptic Injury and Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tarawneh Rawan
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Synaptic loss is the best surrogate for cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is more closely associated with cognitive function than amyloid or tau pathologies. Neurogranin (Ng) and synaptosome–associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) have demonstrated utility as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of synaptic injury in presymptomatic and symptomatic AD. While these synaptic markers have been shown to correlate with cognitive impairment and whole brain or regional atrophy in previous studies of AD, to our knowledge, the relationship between fluid markers of synaptic injury and functional brain imaging has not been previously investigated.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between CSF markers of synaptic injury (Ng and SNAP-25) and functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode and semantic memory networks in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to AD (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0.5-1) and cognitively normal controls (CDR 0), adjusting for age, gender, and the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype. Secondary objectives include investigating the associations between CSF markers of amyloid and tau pathology (CSF tau, p-tau181, and Aβ42) and FC in the default mode and semantic memory networks in AD (CDR 0.5-1) and controls (CDR 0), adjusting for age, gender, and the APOE4 genotype.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study of individuals with MCI or mild dementia due to AD (CDR 0.5-1; n=20), and cognitively normal controls (CDR 0; n=20). Participants will undergo detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments, CSF biomarker assessments (CSF Ng, SNAP-25, tau, p-tau181, and Aβ42 levels) and functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments, using a Siemens 3.0 Tesla Prisma scanner, during resting state and during the performance of a semantic memory task. All study procedures will be completed within 4 months of enrollment. Partial correlation analyses will examine associations of CSF biomarker measures with FC in the default mode and semantic memory networks in AD and controls.

RESULTS

This study was funded by the Chronic Brain Injury Discovery Themes of the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Study enrollment began in April 2018. Study procedures and data analysis are currently underway. Results are expected by December 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this study will further support the utility of CSF Ng and SNAP-25 as markers of synaptic injury by examining their associations with functional alterations in cortical networks affected by early AD pathology.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/14302
Populism & Political Participation
Authors: Ph.D. (Economics) Peter Bearse,
Published: April 2019

This article defines both populism and political participation, tells why they are both important and how they interact and interrelate. Program and policy implications are drawn.
PENTA POLITIKA INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH PERADABAN MASA LALU DAN MASA KINI
Authors: Salamah Umi
Published: April 2019

Founding Father negara Indonesia memberikan contoh bagaimana menghargai sejarah peradaban bangsa sendiri seiring kemajuan ilmu pengetehuan dan teknologi dalam merumuskan landasan kenegaraan dan citacita kemerdekaan. Sejarah kejayaan dan keruntuhan peradaban bangsa digunakan sebagai tata buku masa lalu dalam menyusun rencana pembangunan peradaban bangsa di masa depan agar kedaulatan politik, kemandirian ekonomi, dan kepribadian yang berbudaya kuat, berdaulat, dan bermartabat. Sebagai salah satu bukti, bahwa peradaban bangsa Indonesia di masa lalu lebih maju dari bangsa Eropa adalah ditemukannya prasasti konsep pemilahan kekuasaan sejak Abad-12, sementara di Eropa digaungkan dalam tulisan John Locke dan Montesquieu mulai akhir Abad 17. Carut-marutnya, perpolitikan di negara Indonesia saat ini, lebih disebabkan oleh pemahaman yang dangkal para elit politik terhadap substansi sejarah peradaban dan budaya masa lalu yang telah dirumuskan oleh para pendiri bangsa Indonesia dalam cita-cita Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Preambule UUD 1945, Batang Tubuh UUD 1945, dan ideologi Pancasila. Para elit enggan mengkaji substansi nilai-nilai dan pesan yang terkandung dalam dokumen tersebut. Mereka lebih suka “Membeli Produk Instan” peradaban luar negeri demi kepentingan pribadi dan kelompoknya. Tidak mengherankan jika pragmatisme politik, produk Barat itu lebih berkembang daripada tata berpolitik yang beretika sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh para leluhur kejayaan Nusantara dan para pendiri bangsa. Prinsip yang harus dipegang kuat adalah ketika belajar dari peradaban bangsa lain bukan berarti menghilangkan eksistensi budaya sendiri.
Film dan Identitas Nasional Korea Selatan: Studi Komparasi pada Film My Little Hero dan Secretly Greatly
Authors: Thalib Amirah Anis
Published: April 2019

Fabrikasi film tidak semata-mata ditujukan untuk menghibur penonton namun juga untuk mempengaruhi penonton melalui gagasan sang kreator yang salah satunya adalah gagasan mengenai identitas nsional. Penulis akan memaparkan bagaimana identitas nasional dihadirkan dalam dua film produksi Korea Selatan pada tahun 2013 yaitu A Wonderful Life dan Secretly Greatly. Melalui analisis yang dilakukan terhadap tiap karakter utama di kedua film, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kegalauan atas konsep identitas nasional Korea Selatan
Romantisme Perempuan Muda Sasak dalam Antologi Puisi Eulogi
Authors: Mahyudi Johan , Agusman Agusman
Published: April 2019

Tujuan utama tulisan ini ialah menguraikan kombinasi pendekatan penelitian impresionistik, estetik, dan romantik sebagai metode yang memadai untuk menguraikan ideologi yang termuat di dalam sebuah antologi puisi. Metode estetik-romantik digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi bahasa-bahasa khas yang ditemukan dalam antologi Eulogi, yang jika dikaitkan dengan gagasan Shelley, Ingarden, dan Eagleton, optimalisasi bahasanya hanya bisa dinilai dari seberapa mampu puisi tersebut mendorong pembacanya berkontemplasi dengan menghadirkan bahasa yang indah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, Karwayu menulis puisi-puisi dalam antologi Eulogi bertujuan mengungkapkan perikehidupan rahasianya. Ungkapan rahasia kehidupan peribadi dengan bahasa yang indah tersebut, kian mudah dipahami berkat pengaturan urutan puisi oleh editor yang mudah menuntun pembaca untuk menemukan narasi pemberontakan jiwa perempuan Sasak dalam plot yang bergerak maju menuju akhir yang mengejutkan. Dari kelima puluh puisi yang terjalin kuat membangun romantisme perempuan Sasak, puisi-puisi tertentu bergerak pada level romantik yang lebih tinggi, yaitu pengungkapan prinsip-prinsip filosofis. Salah satu prinsip ideologis yang menonjol ialah pernyataan tegas Karwayu menolak segala upaya merusak perdamaian, apalagi jika dilakukan oleh pemuka agama dengan memanfaatkan mimbar di rumah ibadah. Mimbar dari seribu masjid di Pulau Lombok, menurutnya hal itu harus tetap dijaga agar menjadi sumber energi perdamaian di nusantara.
Refleksi dan Evaluasi Stigma 5 Festival Monolog Nasional di Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Marciano Roci
Published: April 2019

Monolog dalam seni teater dan drama penting untuk di pelajari saat ini, karena memberikan dampak positif bagi seorang aktor, baik itu di atas panggung, maupun pada kehidupan itu sendiri. Kecerdasan yang bisa dipelajari dalam belajar monolog tentu saja bukan hanya berani tampil sendirian di atas panggung dengan menyampaikan kisah. tetapi nilai yang paling berharga adalah ketika seorang manusia mampu menghapalkan hasil pemikiran seorang penulis naskah, merespon segala tatanan artistik dengan kecerdasan lahiriah dan batiniah sebagai perangkat keaktoran untuk disampaikan kepada penonton. Refleksi dan evaluasi perlombaan, perlu disampaikan demi kemajuan para pelaku monolog.
HIV INFECTION AND COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA. CAUSES OF DEATH
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Vdoushkina E. S. , Borodulin B. E. , Povalyaeva L. V.
Published: April 2019

The aim was to study the characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with HIV infection, depending on the outcome of the disease and to identify significant predictors of death. Materials and methods. The study included 80 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and HIV-infection. Two groups were formed in accordance with the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia. 1 group (study group) — 40 deceased patients, 2 group (comparison group) — 40 patients discharged from the hospital with improvement. Inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years of age, diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, diagnosis of HIV infection, informed consent of the patient. Patients with diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded at the stage of examination and treatment. Results. Patients with HIV infection entered the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia of severe degree in 65% of cases, 71,25% of cases with respiratory insufficiency of II and III degrees, in 16,25% of cases with critically low oxygen saturation (less than 85%). The majority of patients had bilateral pneumonia (78,75%), in 28,75% of cases complicated by pleural effusion. Patients needed respiratory support at different levels-the chambers of the pulmonology ward in 3625% of cases, indications for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the intensive care unit (ICU) were noted in 80% of cases, ventilation in the ICU in 56,25% of cases. Deceased patients were significantly more likely to be injecting drug users, reported weight loss of more than 10% in six months, CD4+ cells did not exceed 50/μl, bilateral lung damage, pleural effusion, oxygen saturation less than 90%. The conclusion. Treatment and diagnosis of comorbid patients with community-acquired pneumonia and HIV infection is complex, in the stage of pronounced immunosuppression can lead to death. Early onset of NIV in the presence of severe respiratory failure may improve the survival prognosis.
CASES OF SCABIES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Gadzhimuradov M. N. , Alieva M. G. , Mamasheva G. D. , Gunasheva A. A.
Published: April 2019

There are presented clinical observations of scabies in HIV-infected men 40 and 25 years old. Scabies was atypical. Parasitic disease in both cases was very widespread and involving face and hairy part of the head. And the typical itching trails were not found. Efflorescences were manifestated by strongly expressed exudative elements-vesicles, papules, urticariform exanthems. One of the patients, who has been suffering for more then two months from the disease,was misdiagnosed common eczema. Desensitizing therapy was ineffective. In the same time antiscabial therapy caused strengthening of infiltration in the base of elements and puffiness. Nevertheless,exanthems gradually regressed after the course of external therapy. The itch disappeared. The second patient’s exanthems also regressed during a week after the local therapy. But the itch episodically appeared onetwo times a day on some days. In this way, practicing dermatologists have to make differential diagnostics of HIV-infected patients with itching dermatoses (eczema, urticaria, pruritus) and scabies.
Calidad bacteriológica del agua en las playas de Arica (Chile)
Authors: Campos P. Victoriano , Lund. B. Freddy , Lund. B. Freddy
Published: April 2019

Se estudió la calidad del agua de las playas de Arica, por medio de indicadores microbiológicos, como los coliformes totales y coliformes fecales. Mediante la técnica del número más probable, se observó que las playas Miramar y Chinchorro presentan un alto grado de contaminación, superando ampliamente la norma nacional Las playas Corazones, La Lisera y El Laucho presentan valores bajo la norma nacional.
Degradasi Zat Warna Malachite Green Secara Ozonolisis Dengan Penambahan Katalis TiO2 â€“ anatase dan ZnO
Authors: Bhernama Bhayu Gita
Published: April 2019

Degradation of malachite green has been done. In this research, degradation process of malachite green was done by ozonolisis method, using TiO2- anatase and ZnO catalyst. The residu of malachite green was centrifuged and measured by spectroscopy UV / Vis at 200-800 nm after degradation. 6 mg / L malachite green diozonolisis for 5 minutes obtained pH optimum at pH 7. 6 mg / L malachite green was added 0.025 mg TiO2-anatase catalyst, and 0.025 mg ZnO at pH 7 with a variation time obtained optimum time of 5 minutes. Percent degradation of malachite green is generated by the addition of 0.0250 grams of TiO2-anatase 99.77% and 0.0250 grams of ZnO 93.59%. Percent of the results showed that the degradation of degradation with the addition of TiO2-anatase is greater than the addition of ZnO, because of the stability of TiO2- anatase is large.
Rate-Based End-to End Closed Loop Control for ABR Traffic Management
Authors: Djalal Elvina
Published: April 2019

ATM has one common feature which guarantees its success, namely the possibility to transport any ATM service, irrespective of its characteristics such as the bit rate, its quality requirements or its bursty nature. ATM also has high flexibility in allocate the bandwidth, and thus allows more calls to enter the network. Unfortunately, this advantage has a negative consequences. ATM presents congestion problems in the network as well as in the end terminals. This research describes about congestion control mechanism that will be applied for Available Bit Rate (ABR) Service in ATM networks, namely, the Rate-Based Congestion Control Scheme. This method supports end-to-end closed-loop control and has been indentified as the most appropriate for the support of this service by ATM Forum. ABR Service is a new ATM Service category. This kind of service automatically and dynamically allocates the available bandwidth to users by controlling the traffic flow based on feedback information. The source increases or decreases the source rate of cells transmission based on the information in the feedback Resource Management (RM) cell it receives. This method minimizes the duties of intermediate nodes and the destination node, so it is expected the source will receive the feedback information faster.
Evaluasi Penerapan Safety Climate Menggunakan NOSAQ-50 Di Perusahaan Perkebunan PT. XYZ
Authors: Hasibuan Chalis Fajri , Lubis Nurhamidah Rizki
Published: April 2019

Safety Climate merupakan persepsi bersama antara manajemen perusahaan dan pekerja dalam menangani masalah terkait dengan keselamatan kerja di dalam perusahaan. Safety Climate yang tinggi menggambarkan bahwa perusahaan sudah memiliki persepsi yang sama. Sedangkan Safety Climate yang rendah menggambarkan bahwa perusahaan masih memiliki persepsi yang berbeda. Dan perbedaan persepsi di dalam perusahaan menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Karena kecelakaan kerja berawal dari perilaku tidak aman, dan perilaku tidak aman berawal dari persepsi kerja yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keselamatan kerja di Perusahaan Perkebunan PT XYZ dimana setiap tahunnya masih terjadi kecelakaan kerja. Pengukuran ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode The Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) yang terdiri dari 7 dimensi iklim kerja. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann Whitney dan Kruskal Wallis dinyatakan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan Safety Climate di kelompok jabatan, jenis kelamin, umur dan lama bekerja. Sedangkan pada kelompok pendidikan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk dimensi pemberdayaan keselamatan kerja, sehingga perlu diberikan suatu usulan perbaikan iklim keselamatan untuk meningkatkan iklim keselamatan di perusahaan agar tidak terjadi lagi kecelakaan kerja di tahun beriktunya.The safety climate is a shared perception between company management and workers in dealing with safety-related issues within the company. A high level of safety reflects that companies already have the same perception. While the low work safety climate illustrates that companies still have different perceptions. And differences in perception within the company cause work accidents. Because work accidents stem from unsafe behavior, and unsafe behavior begins with different perceptions of work. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the safety of work at Factory Plant where every year there are work accidents. This measurement is done by using The Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) which consists of 7 working climate dimensions Based on test results Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis stated there is no significant difference in work safety climate in the occupational group, sex, age and duration of work. While in the education group there is a significant difference for the dimension of the empowerment of work safety, so it needs to be given a suggestion of improvement of the safety climate to improve the safety climate in the company in order to avoid more work accidents in the next year.
Is South African Manufacturing SMMEs Ready for the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
Authors: Mabotja Lizzie L.
Published: April 2019

The fourth industrial revolution is unquestionably resulting in significant changes in the workforce landscape, technological advancements, industry relations and it affects all aspects of society and the economy. This research paper is based on results from an earlier study focused on the challenges faced by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs), sharing results from survey data and in-depth interview analyses conducted. A sample of 66 SMMEs was selected purposefully from the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA)â€™s database where manufacturing SMMEs alluded to some of the critical challenges they are facing. A key finding from the research was that technological advancement and digital manufacturing are significant challenges for manufacturing SMMEs in South Africa. Small businesses are critical to South Africaâ€™s ability to participate profitably in the fourth industrial revolution. The research shows that there are significant challenges for manufacturing SMMEs and that should be urgently addressed if South Africa is to participate advantageously in the fourth industrial revolution. This study recommends embedding technology into education and embracing new advancements and machinery within the education system. A change in the education system will help create a supply for future skills needed in the manufacturing sector. Manufacturing SMMEs contribute to a stronger economy and should embrace automation and artificial intelligence; this requires determined and collaborative efforts from government, its agencies and private sector through broader information sharing, planning for future skills and a dedicated fund for technology and modern machinery funding across various industries, particularly manufacturing.
The Baby Hearts Study – a case-control methodology with data linkage to evaluate risk and protective factors for congenital heart disease
Authors: McCullough Nichola , Dolk Helen , Loane Maria , Lagan Briege M , Casey Frank , Craig Brian
Published: April 2019

IntroductionThe Baby Hearts study aimed to investigate risk and protective factors for congenital heart disease (CHD), and to investigate the health behaviours of a representative sample of pregnant women in Northern Ireland.

ObjectivesWe describe and evaluate the population-based case-control design enhanced with data linkage to administrative health data.

MethodsCases (mothers of babies with CHD, n=286) were recruited following diagnosis prenatally or postnatally. Controls (mothers of babies without CHD, n=966) were recruited at 18-22 weeks gestation, from all women attending each maternity unit during a designated month. Hybrid data collection methods were used, including a self-administered iPad/postal questionnaire, and linkage to maternity and prescription records.

ResultsRefusal rates were low (8%). iPad questionnaire completion at clinic or home visit had high acceptability whereas postal questionnaires were poorly returned leading to a further 9-10% loss of eligible cases/controls. In total, 61% of eligible cases and 68% of eligible controls were recruited, closely representative of the Northern Ireland population, with no evidence of selection bias. Of those recruited, 97% gave consent for linkage to medical records. Thirty-three percent of women had an unplanned pregnancy and 76% suspected they were pregnant by 5 weeks gestation, with no significant differences between cases and controls. There was considerable discordance between self-report, maternity and prescription records regarding medications obtained/taken in the first trimester, but no evidence of differences between cases and controls that would indicate substantial recall bias. Although there was high concordance between self-report and maternity records regarding folic acid supplementation, cases had significantly lower concordance than controls.

ConclusionsOur results suggest hybrid data collection approaches are a useful way forward for aetiological studies to reduce responder burden and address and estimate recall bias, and that the Baby Hearts study protocol is suitable for replication in other populations, modified to the local context.
Kuntowijoyo’s Prophetic Social Science (Chalenges and Consequences)
Authors: Khashogi Luqman Rico
Published: April 2019

The dynamics of social science in Indonesia today is likely looking for the ideal form. Kuntowijoyo, in this case, becomes one of the Indonesian Muslim figures who brings fresh air for the social sciences by integrating Islamic paradigm that is transcendental/divine (prophetic). The working device is expected to be applicable in the future in order to look at the social dynamics of the Muslims; its culture, its history of the social and political movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to see the importance of the Islamic paradigm in the social sciences and also to assure that the application of the scientific framework (that is called by Kuntowijoyo) Prophetic Social Sciences should be started as soon as possible. Therefore, this study is descriptive-comparative. Kuntowijoyo ideas provide a comparison among the opinions of other social scientists to see the relevance of his thoughts within the dynamics of value-laden social science. This study presents that the social observation of the Muslim society so far is not only always value-laden, but also full of certain messages and also unwittingly spread the used paradigm, it is not only pure interpretation. Thus, the working device of developing social science today does not only need critical examination, but also need to be improved to scrape a variety of Muslim social problems; culture, history, social movements, and political. The prophetic values require provocative motion (da'wah), professionalism (jihad), and strong integrity (amanah).
On Calculation of the First Integrals for Three-dimensional ODE Systems
Authors: Kavinov A. V.
Published: April 2019

The search for solutions of nonlinear stationary systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE) is sometimes very complicated. It is not always possible to obtain a general solution in an analytical form. As a consequence, a qualitative theory of nonlinear dynamical systems has been developed. Its methods allow us to investigate the properties of solutions without finding a general solution. Numerical methods of investigation are also widely used.

In the case when it is impossible to find an analytically general solution of the ODE system, sometimes, nevertheless, it is possible to find its first integral. There is a number of known results that make it possible to obtain the first integral for certain special cases.

The article deals with the method for obtaining the first integrals of ODE systems of the third order, based on the fact of integrability of the involutive distribution.

The method proposed in the paper allows us to obtain the first integral of a nonlinear ODE system of the third order in the case when a vector field, which generates an involutive distribution of dimension 2 together with the vector field of the right-hand side of a given ODE system, is known. In this case, the solution of a certain sequence of Cauchy problems allows us to construct a level surface of the function of the first integral containing the given point of the state space of the system. Using the method of least squares, in a number of cases it is possible to obtain an analytic expression for the first integral.

The article gives examples of the method application to two ODE systems, namely to a simple nonlinear third-order system and to the Lorentz system with special parameter values. The article shows how the first integrals can be obtained analytically using the method developed for the two systems mentioned above.
Oblique Derivative Problem Solution for the Lavrentyev-Bitsadze Equation in a Half-Plane
Authors: Kopaev A. V.
Published: April 2019

The paper solves the boundary value problem of an oblique derivative for the Lavrent'ev – Bitsadze equation in a half-plane. The Lavrent'ev – Bitsadze equation is an equation of mixed (elliptic-hyperbolic) type. Mixed-type equations arise when solving many applied problems (for example, when simulating transonic flows of a compressible medium).

In the paper, the domain of ellipticity is a half-plane, and that of hyperbolicity is its adjacent strip. On one of the straight lines bounding the strip, an oblique derivative is specified (in the direction that forms an acute angle with this straight line), and on the other straight line, which is the interface between the strip and the half-plane, the solutions are matched by boundary conditions of the fourth kind. In the hyperbolicity strip, the solution is represented by the d'Alembert formula, and in the half-plane, where the equation is elliptic, the bounded solution is represented by the Poisson integral with unknown density. For this unknown density of the Poisson integral, a singular integral equation is obtained, which is reduced to the Riemann boundary value problem with a shift for holomorphic functions. The solution of the Riemann problem is reduced to the solution of two functional equations. Solutions of these functional equations and the Sokhotsky formula for an integral of Cauchy type allowed us to find the unknown density of the Poisson integral. This allowed us to find a solution to the oblique derivative problem as the sum of a functional series (up to an arbitrary constant term).