bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caspase-2 in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lopez-Pascual Amaya , Cusachs Marc , Arechederra María , Berasain Carmen , Herrero Carmen , Ávila Matías A. , Fernández-Barrena Maite G.
Published: October 2022

Caspases are key factors in the regulation of the apoptotic and/or inflammatory responses, both crucial in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Caspase-2 is the most evolutionary conserved albeit functionally poorly defined member of the caspase family. The precise role of caspase-2 as an initiator or effector caspase is still unknown, but it has been involved in a wide variety of functions, from apoptosis to genomic stability, oxidative stress, metabolism, and cancer. However, many conflicting results render the exact function of this protease still unresolved. Although caspase-2 has several hundred substrates, the activation, processing, and activity on specific substrates remain poorly described. Recent evidence indicates that caspase-2 has a role in metabolic homeostasis and is required for lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes, contributing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Caspase-2 protein expression strongly localizes to injured/ballooned hepatocytes, correlating with NASH severity. Also, mice lacking caspase-2 showed protection from western diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Although there are no effective therapies for NASH and HCC, the evaluation of a pan-caspase inhibitor has reached a phase I/II in clinical trials for advanced liver disease. Nevertheless, a better understanding of caspase functions with the identification of specific proteolytic substrates is essential for future therapeutic developments. Bearing in mind the pressing need to identify new targets for NASH-HCC and its metabolic-related comorbidities, and the favorable effect of caspase-2 genetic inhibition in animal models, pharmacological caspase-2 inhibition arises as a promising strategy that should be further investigated.
Etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of cholestasis
Authors: Asensio Maitane , Ortiz-Rivero Sara , Morente-Carrasco Ana , Marin Jose J. G.
Published: October 2022

Normal hepatobiliary function depends on an adequate bile flow from the liver through the biliary tree to the gallbladder, where bile is stored and concentrated, and from the gallbladder to the duodenum when it is required for the digestive process. Interruption of this secretory function results in partial or complete cholestasis, which is accompanied by important repercussions due to the lack of bile acids in the intestine and their regurgitation from hepatocytes to blood together with potentially toxic compounds that are normally eliminated in bile. The presence of active and selective transporter proteins located at both poles of the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and epithelial cells of the ileal mucosa, together with the ability of hepatocytes to synthesize bile acids from cholesterol, enables the so-called bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which is essential in liver and gastrointestinal tract physiology. The presence in the ducts of the biliary tree of agents reducing their luminal diameter by external compression or space-occupying obstacles, either in the duct wall or its lumen, can result in total or partial obstructive cholestasis. The clinical impact and management of cholestasis are different depending on the intrahepatic or extrahepatic location of the obstacle. Thus, surgical interventions can often be helpful in removing extrahepatic obstructions and restoring normal bile flow to the duodenum. In contrast, hepatocyte or cholangiocyte damage, either global, restricted to subcellular compartments, or more specifically affecting the elements of the canalicular secretory machinery, may result in hepatocellular cholestasis or cholangiopathies. In these cases, bile flow interruption is usually partial and, except for extremely severe cases when liver transplantation is required, these patients often treated with pharmacological agents, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and rifampicin. The present review gathers updated information on the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiological aspects of different types of cholestasis.
Probiotic human alcohol dehydrogenase-4 expressing bacteria protects from diet-induced obesity and metabolic impairment: a new concept of disease prevention
Authors: Singh Rajnish Prakash , Kolton Max , Boker Mayan , David Noy Bar , Green Stefan , Helman Aharon , Tirosh Oren , Hayouka Zvi
Published: October 2022

Aim: Probiotic bacteria consumption for improving human health and for disease prevention is still controversial. There is a need to develop functional probiotic bacteria with proven efficacy for the human gastrointestinal (GI) system. The novel bacteria will lower the steady state of constant Ethanol production may lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and liver injuries.
Methods: Herein engineered probiotic bacterium B. subtilis to enhance the secretion of human alcohol dehydrogenase-4 (ADH4) by fusion of signal peptides (SPs) was constructed. As a result, higher ADH4 secretion and Ethanol removal rates were observed in phoB SP transformant SP-64, compared to other transformants. The engineered ADH4 expressing probiotic B. subtilis was delivered as spores to evaluate various physiological, biochemical, and immuno-histochemical parameters of mice under a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic impairment.
Results: The treatment ameliorated significantly weight gain, improved glucose utilization, and prevented HFD-induced pancreatic damage. Lastly, SP-64 inoculation altered the gut microbiota, and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, supporting better fitness under HFD.
Conclusions: SP-64 emerged as a potential probiotic that opens a new avenue for interventions against over-nutrition-induced metabolic disorders.
Fight fire with fire: the need for a vaccine based on intrinsic disorder and structural flexibility
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: October 2022

The absence of advancement in finding efficient vaccines for several human viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) despite 30, 40, and even 60 years of research, respectively, is unnerving. Among objective reasons for such failure are the highly glycosylated nature of proteins used as primary vaccine targets against these viruses and the presence of neotopes and cryptotopes, as well as high mutation rates of the RNA viruses HCV and HIV-1 and the capability to establish latency by HSVs. However, the lack of success in utilization of the structure-based reverse vaccinology for these viruses is likely to be related to the presence of highly flexible and intrinsically disordered regions in human antibodies (Abs) and the major immunogens of HIV-1, HCV, and HSVs, their surface glycoproteins. This clearly calls for moving from the rational structure-based vaccinology to the unstructural vaccinology based on the utilization of tools designed for the analysis of disordered and flexible proteins, while looking at intrinsically disordered viral antigens and their interactions with intrinsically disordered/flexible Abs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick Containing Alkanet Root as a Natural Colorant
Authors: Pavithra Thottlaganahalli Krishnappa , Kumar Bagepalli Srinivas Ashok , Mouna Anand , Munegowda Soujanya
Published: October 2022

From ancient time peoples were using lipstick, which was made by natural sources to protect and to increase the beauty of lips. Herbal lipstick contains pigments, antioxidants, waxes, oils, fragrance and preservatives. Alkanet root is used as natural source of red pigment in cosmetics, food and textile industries. Alkanet roots are traditionally used to treat aging, wounds, inflammation and herpes. The herbal lipstick was formulated and subjected to evaluation by different parameters like breaking, melting and, softening points, surface anomalies, aging and perfume stabilities, solubility test and pH. The herbal lipstick presents quintessential properties after application. It was concluded that the formulated herbal lipstick provides less side effects and further clinical investigation is required to assess for better efficacy.
Improved Synthesis of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Investigational Agent (E)-N-(4-Cyanobenzylidene)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (Cyanorona-20)
Authors: Rabie Amgad M.
Published: October 2022

Medicinal chemistry scientists` efforts and trials to discover a very potent anticoronaviral medicine specifically effective against the current frightening virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are not over yet. Synthetic organic chemistry will remain one of the most important branches in the entire drug discovery science. (E)-N-(4-Cyanobenzylidene)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (Cyanorona-20), a newly-discovered favipiravir analog/ derivative, is one of the promising synthetic organic compounds that displayed very strong nanomolar potencies against this fatal coronavirus, reaching an anticoronaviral-2 EC50 of nearly 450 nM or 0.45 μM. This compound was found to act against the SARS-CoV-2 mainly through the powerful inhibition of the coronaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), via competitively occupying and locking this enzyme`s major catalytic active site pocket (the suggested primary mechanism of action). Cyanorona-20 is still under progressive investigation as an attempt to continue developing it as a prospective remedy for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the previous literature synthetic procedures of Cyanorona-20 were criticized for several reasons like the harsh handling, difficult separation, small yield, and low purity. Herein in this short-communication or technical-note article, more reproducible and efficient novel synthetic method for Cyanorona-20 compound is presented, in an effort to address almost all of the problems which were accompanying the preceding methods.
Perancangan mesin pengaduk dengan posisi sudut vertikal 77,5o
Authors: Rumzi Yulisman
Published: October 2022

Mesin pengaduk merupakan salah satu komponen terpenting untuk melarutkan dan mencampur suatu larutan, pengaduk ini banyak ditemukan di pasar, namun dalam kondisi tertentu membutuhkan pengaduk yang harus menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, seperti; dimensi wadah, putaran pengaduk yang diharapkan, ukuran dan jenis pengaduk yang tepat serta parameter lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan parameter berupa data teknik yang dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan mesin pengaduk. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu membuat perancangan mesin tersebut dengan kebutuhan khusus yaitu menyesuaikan parameter kebutuhan yang tepat. Pada pembuatan mesin pengaduk ini, membutuhkan putaran dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan yang sudah ditentukan sebelumnya yaitu 80 putaran per menit, diameter poros 2” dengan material 18CrNi8, serta sudut mesin pengaduk 77,5o. Dari data tersebut, kemudian dibuat konsep rancangan mesin pengaduk berupa sket mesin pengaduk disertai dengan melakukan perhitungan untuk mengetahui kelayakan mesin, hingga didapat ukuran minimal poros berdiameter 16 mm dan ukuran maksimal ditentukan sebesar 2”, komponen utama menggunakan standar bearing tapper berukuran ∅50/∅90x25 dan ball bearing berukuran ∅50/∅90x20, serta kemiringan baling sebesar 5,27o. Data teknik ini sangat membantu dalam pembuatan rancangan mesin hingga menjadi mesin yang siap digunakan
Experimental Speech Recognition From Pathological Voices
Authors: Salah Hadji
Published: October 2022

Speech recognition has been the subject of quite a few research subjects as it is the adequate means for dynamic, efficient and interaction Human communication simultaneously using the two phenomena of phonation and hearing between speakers, the applications of its searches are enormous for example one can quote: the dictation, the speech synthesis within the Windows software, the speech recognition of the Google search engine at the Smartphone level …… ..etc. all its applications depend on the conditions of use in which they are implemented, to be done and to overcome the puzzles of imperfection it is necessary to be sure to properly characterize the speech signal by extracting the most relevant characters such as: the fundamental frequency (pitch in English), timbre, tonality, to extract them many techniques are possible, the most used of which are acoustic such as: MFCC, PLP, LPC, RASTA and other in the form of combination (hybridization) namely: PLP RASTA, MFCC PLP etc. They are used in data transmission, speaker recognition and even in speech synthesis.
Análisis del contexto legal en la publicidad generada por influencers en Instagram
Authors: Trelles Villanueva Alicia , Sarget Tarifa Marisa , Martín Cárdaba Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2022

Las acciones publicitarias que realizan los influencers en Instagram se integran en el contenido provocando que, en muchas ocasiones, el receptor no sea consciente del intento persuasivo. Por este motivo la plataforma ha desarrollado una normativa específica y los gobiernos han creado leyes que regulan esta práctica. En el estudio realizado sobre la legislación en España, Estados Unidos, Alemania, Reino Unido y Japón se han hallado poco diferencias entre los países, siendo unos más restrictivos que otros. La mayoría de ellos hacen hincapié en la importancia de utilizar palabras suficientemente descriptivas y claras adaptadas al formato específico del mensaje.
From the Serengeti to the Bavarian Forest, and back again: Bernhard Grzimek, Celebrity Conservation, and the Transnational Politics of National Parks
Authors: Huggan Graham
Published: October 2022

This short piece focuses on the work of the German “celebrity conservationist,” Bernhard Grzimek, situating it in the context of historical and contemporary debates about the political and ecological importance of national parks. Grzimek’s role in the creation of Bavarian Forest National Park may not be as well-known as his public ministrations on behalf of the wild animals of the Serengeti, but in several ways his work in and for these two national parks, engaging with the fraught politics of the period, was intertwined. The essay looks at some of these overlaps, using them to make the case for national parks as complex geopolitical formations in which human and animal interests alternately collide and converge. The essay also makes the case for national parks as multi-scalar entities that need to be understood – politically and ecologically – in both local and global, both national and transnational terms. Finally, the essay cites the multiple roles of Grzimek to re-examine the ambivalent role of the celebrity conservationist as a media spokesperson and publicity-conscious advocate for the world’s wildlife.
Questions
Authors: Varma R. Sreejith
Published: October 2022

This is a nature poem set against the backdrop of a couple sitting near a riverside.
Francesco Aloe’s Climate Fiction: Ruins, Bodies and Memories from the Future in "L’ultima bambina d’Europa"
Authors: Chiafele Anna
Published: October 2022

L’ultima bambina d’Europa (The Last Girl of Europe), written by Francesco Aloe, is a captivating example of Italian cli-fi. Inspired by Pulitzer-prizewinning American novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy, L’ultima bambina d’Europa narrates the story of a young Italian family traveling southbound in an exhausting voyage toward Africa; presumably, there the sun is still visible, the wind is softly blowing, and water and food supplies have not run out, at least, not yet. In this article, I will analyze some of the main cli-fi topoi and I will connect them to the narrative and rhetorical construction employed by the author. Specifically, I will focus on the effect of estrangement, which will encourage readers to embrace a less anthropocentric gaze. Through the perspective of the main protagonists - mother, father and their daughter Sofia - readers will become aware of the gluttonous nature of capitalism that functions only for a few. In their voyage, these three characters traverse a barren and devastated landscape void of temporal and spatial references. However, in this unspecified gloomy future scenario, readers will recognize the ruins of our current society and of our petroculture, heavily influenced by the American model of consumerism. Sofia’s parents, who seem to suffer from “petro-melancholia” (LeMenager, Living Oil 102), recollect nostalgically the petrochemical culture in which they grew up. This is in stark contrast with Sofia’s perspective; she has no recollection of a capitalist society. Finally, this analysis will underline Aloe’s prowess in situating death among the living, the place where it rightfully belongs.
Editorial 13.2
Authors: Sullivan Heather
Published: October 2022

Editorial 13.2
Evaluasi Usability, Pedagogical dan User Experience My Brilian Menggunakan Metode Tuxel
Authors: Nirwana Andreansyah , Supriyanto Antok , Wardhanie Ayouvi
Published: October 2022

Universitas Dinamika memiliki e-Learning berbasis Moodle bernama My Brillian yang dapat di akses mahasiswa dan dosen. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, sejak tahun 2018 akhir My Brilian dikembangkan, belum terdapat evaluasi mendalam untuk mengetahui kualitas sistem yang digunakan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas sistem My Brilian dari persepsi mahasiswa sebagai pengguna.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode TUXEL yang digunakan khusus untuk mengevaluasi suatu e-Learning dengan menggunakan tiga kuesioner, yaitu tabel pelaporan masalah, evaluasi LMS umum, dan kuesioner pengalaman pengguna. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 12 responden dari berbagai fakultas, hasil usability inspection ditemukan 26 masalah dimana permasalah paling banyak pada login. Pada tahap pedagogical usability inspection ditemukan 26 permasalahan dimana paling banyak pada Help and Documentation. Pada tahap evaluasi user experience, dapat ditemukan nilai persepsi pengguna yang positif. Pada analisis hierarki kebutuhan pengguna, My Brilian dinilai cukup baik untuk menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran, namun kurang reliabel karena sering mengalami kendala teknis.
Efectividad de la implementación del gobierno electrónico y digital en la gestión institucional de gobiernos regionales
Authors: Quispe De La Cruz Egidio Félix
Published: October 2022

En el marco de la modernización de Gestión Pública, el Gobierno Electrónico y Digital se entiende como una transformación de la gestión gubernamental y uso intensivo de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación, tanto en la gestión como en la planificación y administración. Este estudio analiza la efectividad de la implementación del gobierno electrónico y digital en la gestión institucional en gobiernos regionales. Para ello, se utilizó el método analítico sintético a fin de analizar las teorías sobre la efectividad, sobre gobierno electrónico, sobre la planificación, gestión institucional, transparencia y control. En ese sentido, para la efectividad del gobierno electrónico y digital pretende cerrar la brecha tecnológica, tanto en el equipamiento como en el manejo de equipos tecnológicos. Se concluye que el gobierno electrónico y digital, garantiza una gestión pública efectiva y transparente evitando la burocracia en todos los procesos administrativos; asimismo, busca optimizar los recursos con que cuenta las instituciones públicas y coadyuvar al desarrollo de la sociedad.
Buenas prácticas agrícolas para los estudiantes de educación media vocacional de la I.E.R.D San Nicolás del municipio de San Juan de Rioseco en Cundinamarca
Authors: Huertas Ochoa Elkin Mauricio
Published: October 2022

La presente investigación procuró, a partir del diseño, creación y desarrollo de una estrategia didáctica, que permitió la apropiación y generación de Buenas Prácticas Agropecuarias (BPA), por parte de los estudiantes de Media Vocacional en Producción Agrícola, pertenecientes al sistema educativo del municipio de San Juan de Rioseco en Cundinamarca.

En este trabajo, se desarrolló una estrategia didáctica mediada por las TIC, que desde la escolaridad de los jóvenes de educación media de la I.E.R.D de la región mencionada, promoviera el conocimiento y fundara las bases para la implementación de las Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA), a partir de la implementación de talleres didácticos mediados por las TIC, los cuales permitieron desarrollar en los estudiantes nuevas perspectivas, actitudes y aptitudes frente a la implementación de las BPA, tanto en los proyectos productivos pedagógicos como en los personales que adelantan.

Se logró la identificar y re-direccionar conceptuales y prácticos, con relación a la producción agrícola sustentable en los estudiantes de la institución intervenida enfocándolos hacia la implementación de las BPA.
Phubbing: revisión sistemática exploratoria
Authors: Soriano González Arabi Eduardo , Bellacetin Pedraza Samantha Elizabeth del Carmen
Published: October 2022

El uso desmedido de los smartphones ha originado conductas problemáticas y desadaptativas desencadenando conflictos con las personas que interactúan con su empleo. Las investigaciones sobre los efectos de los smartphones se identifica el fenómeno del phubbing que consiste en desprestigiar o ignorar a otra persona empleando estos dispositivos. La presente revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar las investigaciones sobre el tema, se generó un documento que plasma los resultados de 60 documentos analizados que se obtuvieron de las bases de datos PudMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Redalyc y Dialnet. Resultados: Se identifica autores y líneas de investigación entre ellas se observa la adaptación y validación de instrumentos; los efectos de los dispositivos smartphones en las relaciones de pareja, relaciones entre padres e hijos, también se observa investigaciones que analizan el fenómeno como predictores en los efectos psicoemocionales, en las implicaciones de los procesos de socialización, con impacto emocional de quien está involucrado, consumo adictivo a los dispositivos, y efectos en las formas de crianza y en el aprendizaje social de las personas, en síntesis, se observa un abordaje actual del fenómeno y con ello se dio respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué es lo que se ha investigado del fenómeno Phubbing
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS ASPETOS CULTURAIS NO PAPEL DO PAI DURANTE A GRAVIDEZ: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Colaço Débora Cristiana Mascote , Pereira Leandro Miguel dos Santos , Frias Ana Maria Aguiar
Published: October 2022

A gravidez envolve a necessidade de adaptação face a todo o processo de transição, pois envolve a definição de novos papéis e novos conceitos. O envolvimento do pai no processo de gravidez e fases seguintes culmina numa melhor prestação de cuidados pela confiança depositada no profissional de saúde, melhorando a ligação entre casal e o mesmo e promovendo uma adaptação positiva à parentalidade. A multiculturalidade num país ocidental engloba diferentes envolvimentos paternos na gravidez e processos de transição, sendo necessário um estudo mais aprofundado. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura os tipos de culturas mais presentes em Portugal e clarificá-los, de modo a facilitar a atuação do Enfermeiro Especialista em Saúde Materna e Obstétrica. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com pesquisa de 72 artigos nas diversas bases de dados científicas, culminando na análise de 7 artigos após aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após a análise dos artigos e de obras de referência verificou-se a importância da consciencialização do enfermeiro no contexto de multiculturalidade no período gravídico, de modo a incluir o pai nos cuidados, confirmando-se a relevância do seu papel na tríade.
MONITORAMENTO DA GLICEMIA CAPILAR DURANTE A GRAVIDEZ: UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA PREVENIR AS COMPLICAÇÕES DA DIABETES MELITTUS GESTACIONAL
Authors: Amaral Gabriel Merrighi de Figueiredo , Souza Isabella Monteiro Barbosa de , Fernandes Isabella , Araújo Maria Clara Mendes , Correa Cristiane Rodrigues
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Evidenciar e revisar a importância da monitorização da glicemia em gestantes e os impactos que a hiperglicemia pode trazer à mãe e ao bebê, durante e após a gravidez. Métodos: Revisão da literatura com buscas nas bases de dados “PubMed”, "SciELO", "Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde" e "LILACs", com os descritores “Gestational diabetes mellitus”, “Glycemia” e“Impacts” utilizando artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2022. Foram selecionados 6 artigos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, dentre os 34 analisados. Resultados: Segundo análises, o peso materno, o IMC materno e o peso placentário foram maiores nas mães com Diabetes Melittus Gestacional (DMG). Além disso, após o nascimento do bebê, foram observadas complicações como hiperbilirrubinemia e infecção neonatal em filhos de mães diabéticas. Por fim, foi constatado que níveis anormais de T3 e T4, somados ao alto peso materno pré gravidez, podem ser fatores de risco para a mãe desenvolver DMG e, do mesmo modo, podem causar complicações para o bebê, como o atraso no aleitamento materno. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento da DMG se mostrou um risco tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto desenvolverem distúrbios durante e após a gestação. Diversas evidências mostram as consequências da hiperglicemia nesse cenário, como a hipertensão materna e a ameaça de parto prematuro. Diante disso, conclui-se que o metabolismo anormal provocado pela DMG tem impactos para a mãe e para o filho e, portanto, uma mudança no estilo de vida e o monitoramento da glicemia materna são de extrema importância para evitar esse quadro clínico.
Literacia em saúde para uma gravidez saudável: promoção da saúde no período pré-natal
Authors: Frias Ana Maria Aguiar , Barros Maria da Luz Ferreira
Published: October 2022

A literacia em saúde, tem vindo a ser alvo de investimento a nível nacional e internacional de modo a causar impacto na saúde das populações, dando também resposta aos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável previstos na Agenda 2030 da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Neste sentido o livro “Literacia em saúde para uma gravidez saudável: promoção da saúde no período pré-natal” pretende assinalar um passo determinante na literacia em saúde da mulher e ser uma fonte de informação que contribua para o conhecimento atualizado e o desempenho dos profissionais na área da Saúde Materna.
Esta obra resulta de um trabalho colaborativo entre profissionais de saúde, professores e estudantes do Ensino Superior, partindo de ações de incentivo à pesquisa nas diversas áreas do conhecimento e nas diferentes áreas da saúde durante o período pré-natal e pretende contribuir para a prevenção e promoção da saúde assim como para a melhoria dos cuidados e da qualidade de vida da mulher/casal/família.
O livro, composto por temas que são apresentados em 15 capítulos, fornece informações úteis e conceitos que contribuirão para o bem-estar materno-fetal e que ajudarão a orientar os procedimentos e cuidados a prestar. Será, certamente, um instrumento de trabalho útil para profissionais da saúde.
Agradecemos aos autores (enfermeiros, psicólogos e professores) que, com interesse e corresponsabilidade revelaram, nesta obra, a importância da vigilância pré-natal e da educação para a saúde, relacionando-as com as questões culturais, o papel do pai e o bem-estar materno-fetal. Os temas sobre a imagem corporal, a autoestima e a sexualidade da grávida não foram esquecidos. O livro relata, ainda, algumas pesquisas e revisões da literatura relacionadas com o conforto e desconforto da gravidez, exercício físico, a importância da nutrição e dos suplementos e evidenciam a importância da monitorização da glicemia em gestantes. Foram pesquisados os comportamentos de risco e os efeitos negativos do uso de substâncias aditivas lícitas e ilícitas. Abordou-se, também, a intervenção do psicólogo como figura de proteção dos direitos da mulher entre outros assuntos de interesse coletivo. Pretende-se, assim, que este livro seja um instrumento didático-pedagógico em busca de mais o conhecimento.
Numerical Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Nonlinear Stretching Sheet with Viscous Dissipation, Joule Heating Effects
Authors: Sulochana C  , Geeta C Shivapuji
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this article is to explore magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet. Mathematical model is developed by revisiting the work done by previous study and extended the same model for hybrid nanofluid flow scenario with viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects. Choosing appropriate similarity variables governing equations are transformed into system of ordinary differential equation and thereby solved by using shooting mechanism. Impact of various physical parameters on momentum, temperature and concentration profiles are shown through graphs. Important engineering quantities like skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number etc. are computed and discussed. In order to verify the code, the computed results are compared with existing literature and acceptable convergence notified in obtained results. Comparative analysis for mono particle nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is explained for all flow parameters.
Computational Fluid Flow Model for the Development of an Arterial Bypass Graft
Authors: Hashem Shatnawi
Published: October 2022

Intimal hyperplasia, an aberrant proliferation of smooth muscle cells that causes stenosis and graft occlusion, is the primary cause of the failure of grafts after a few years. In this way, and using the constructal design method, this study looks at how the stenosis degree, junction angle, and diameter ratio affect the flow through a bypass graft that goes around an idealised coronary artery partially blocked. The results show that the flow effect by several factors: Stenosis ratio (S), Bypass Attachment Point (L2), Bypass Angle (α), and Bypass Diameter (D1). The results indicate that the pressure drop is reduced when S is low, the optimal attachment point L2 = 4 Artery diameter (D), the optimal angle α = 30°, and the optimal D1 = 1.25D.
Correlating CT Chest with RT-PCR in Diagnosing COVID-19: Experience at a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Raja Riffat , Khaliq Maria , Khan Muhammad Imran , Khan Nasir , Riaz Khoala , Arooj Sadaf
Published: October 2022

Objective: To establish the accuracy of computed tomography(CT) chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia by taking reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) as a reference standard and to analyze discordant CT chest and RT-PCR results.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients presented to a tertiary health care hospital in Punjab, Pakistan for CT examination with suspicion of COVID-19 from April 1, to June 30, 2020. Each CT chest was categorized as positive/negative for COVID-19 pneumonia and the results were compared with the RT-PCR test. Discordant CT chest and PCR results were also investigated.Results: The study population had a mean age of 48 years ± 6.6 years with 54.5% males and 45.4% females. Sensitivity(Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of CT in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia taking RT- PCR as the gold standard was 92.5%, 46.6%%, 82.2%, 70%, and 80% respectively. Conclusion: CT chest has high sensitivity but modest specificity in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. It can be employed as an adjunctive screening and diagnostic test for early diagnosis of disease in places where disease prevalence is high.
Assessment of Hearing Loss by Audiometry - Our Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Yazdani Mehboob Khan , Ashfaq Ahmed Hasan , Arshad Muhammad , Ashfaq Umair , Aslam Salman , Malik Jawad Faisal
Published: October 2022

Objective: To analyze the results of pure tone audiometry in the terms of age, sex, and type of hearing loss attending the hospital with the complaint of hearing loss. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients attending Benazir Bhutto hospital with complaints of hearing loss were included. The data analysis was done under the terms of age, sex and unilateral/bilateral, and type of loss after pure tone audiometry of every case. The type of hearing loss was determined as conductive, SNHL, and mixed hearing loss.Results: There were 47 patients. Males were 34 (72.34%) outnumbering13females 13(27.66). Adults were44 (93.61%) and children were 3(6.34%). Mixed hearing loss was28 (59.57%)% compared to conductive hearing loss 15 (31.91) and SNHL4 (8.51%). Conclusion: Hearing loss is more common in adults and more prevalent in males. It is mostly bilateral. Mixed hearing loss is more common as compared to conductive and SNHL respectively. Sociacusis is to be taken seriously.
Efficacy of Melatonin and Pentoxifylline combination therapy in treatment of endotoxin induced hepatic dysfunction in white albino mice
Authors: Khan Ammara , Afzal Ayesha , Azam Zahid , Rafique Saima
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Despite major expansion and elaboration in treatment protocols of septic patients, mortality rate is still very high due to multiple organ damage including hepatotoxicity. We in study evaluated the role of two strong anti-inflammatory agents, melatonin and pentoxifylline, as a combined treatment in lipopolysaccharide induced hepatic dysfunction in white albino mice.

Material and Methods:

Endotoxemia was reproduced in white albino mice through intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of serotype E.Coli. Therapeutic potential of the both melatonin and pentoxifylline alone and as combined therapy was adjudged by administering agents 2 hours after LPS delivering. The extent of liver damage was evaluated via serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) estimation along with histopathological examination of liver tissue.

Results: Lipopolysaccharide administration (Group 2) resulted in marked hepatotoxicity as evident by statistically raised serum ALT ((p≤0.01) and AST (p≤0.01) at the end of experimentation. Also liver cross section examination showed marked distortion of liver parenchyma. Melatonin (Group 3) was prosperous in aversion of LPS invoked hepatotoxicity as proved by lessening of augmented ALT (p≤0.01) and AST (p≤0.01) along with restoration of pathological changes on liver sections (p≤0.05). Pentoxifylline generated similar results and serum ALT, AST and histological alteration abated considerably (p≤ 0.05).Combination therapy in animals of Group 5 also tapered LPS evoked hepatic dysfunction statistically considerably.

Conclusion: Melatonin and pentoxifylline alone and as combination therapy as effective in countering LPS induced hepatotoxicity. However the combination therapy did not yield synergistic effects.

Keywords:

Lipopolysaccharides, Endotoxin, Hepatotoxicity, Melatonin, Pentoxifylline.
Comparison of Topical Silymarin with Hydroquinone in the Treatment of Melasma
Authors: Abdullah Sumaira , Ahmed Mahwish , Khan Mahvish Aftab , Iqbal Tayaba , Sharif Shawana , Rehman Farhat
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical silymarin 0.7% with topical hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma.

Place and Duration: This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted at dermatology OPD of Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bara Kahu, Islamabad, in a period of one year from April 2020 to April 2021.

Patients and Methods: Female patients having melasma were included in the study. The severity of melasma was assessed using MASI score. Group A was treated with silymarin 0.7% cream and group B was treated with topical hydroquinone 4% cream. Treatment was given for 3 months and was followed up for the next 3 months to observe relapse. Clinical efficacy was assessed in terms of percent reduction in MASI score from baseline.

Results: The mean age in group A (Silymarin 0.7%)  was 35.13 ± 3.87 and in group B (Hydroquinone 4%)  was 34.16 ± 3.90. Epidermal type of melasma was most common (76.8% vs 62.5%) in both groups. There was no significant (p-value < 0.05) difference between both groups after one and two months treatment but mean MASI score of Hydroquinone 4% group (10.59 ± 5.74) become significantly (p-value < 0.05) less than Silymarin 0.7% group (8.20 ± 4.41) after 3 months. Similar (p-value > 0.05) therapeutic response was observed after one and two months treatment but it become significantly better in Hydroquinone 4% group after three months treatment. Significantly, (P-value < 0.05) higher adverse effects were detected in patients treated with hydroquinone. There was no difference (P-value > 0.05) in recurrence rate and patients satisfaction between both groups.

Conclusion: topical silymarin has equal efficacy for the treatment of melasma with comparatively very less adverse effects as compared to hydroquinone.
Prognostic Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Outcome of Idiopathic full thickness Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Haseeb Uzma , Haseeb Muhammad , Rehman Aziz Ur , Mehmood Tauseef
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of Optical Coherence Tomography indices preoperatively in outcome of idiopathic full thickness macular hole surgery.

Material & Methods:  A Quasi experimental study was carried out at Al Ibrahim eye hospital, Karachi from June 2019 to Feb 2020. Patients between 50 to 70 years of age, including both genders with full thickness idiopathic macular hole on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) were included while patients with secondary causes of macular hole like trauma, myopia, detachment of retina with macular hole, macular hole with other causes of poor vision like corneal scaring, Age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were excluded. OCT measurements are basal diameter, height of macular hole, right and left arm length and derived indices are macular hole index (MHI) and hole form factor (HFF).

Results: A total 33 patients including 23 (69.6%) male and 10(30.3%) females of idiopathic full thickness macular hole were taken. Patients  mean age was 55.25±6.9. Among 33 patients, MHI (>0.5) was found in 21(63.6%) patients while 12 (36.3%) patients had MHI (< 0.5). In 25 patients HFF calculation was possible. 17(68%) patients had HFF (>0.9) while 8  (32%) patients had HFF (< 0.9). Anatomical and visual outcomes were assessed at 1st and 3rd month follow-up. Of 21 patients for MHI >0.5, vision improved (i.e. ≥ 6/18) in 15 (71.4%). Similarly, out of 17 patients for HFF > 0.9, 13 (76.47%) patients had improved vision post-operatively.

Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography indices can be helpful to predict surgical outcomes of idiopathic full thickness macular hole surgery.
Faculty Satisfication Regarding Modular Teaching
Authors: Rahman Inayat Ur , Mansoor Sumreena , Meraj Lubna , Ahmad Mumtaz , Dodhy Mobina Ahsan , Sattar Hina
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Recently many medical institutes have been shifted to integrated curriculum; however, the implementation of integrated curriculum has faced problems due to both faculty and student’s satisfaction. Though faculty gives value to it, still certain believe that it’s not as effective as the traditional system. This study aims to evaluate the satisfactory level regarding modular teaching among faculty members at three different medical institutes in Pakistan. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study where the senior faculty members from three different medical institutes were included. After written consent from participants the data was collected through semi-structured questionnaire. Total of 88 faculty members were included through convenient sampling technique. Data analyzed by SPSS version-22. Results: Overall 50% participants agreed that strength of modular teaching is the integration process & clinical application. 38% agreed that modular teaching provides better understanding & clarity of concepts. Regarding weaknesses 44% agreed that modular teaching requires more trained faculty, 27% said that more resources are required. On the other hand, 84% showed satisfaction that students get more benefits from modular teaching as compare to conventional teaching & 72% agreed that teacher biasness is less, 82% agreed that students become a lifelong learner, 85% agreed that more applied knowledge is delivered through this system.Conclusion: The majority of participating faculties were satisfied with modular teaching as it has a good clinical application, provides better understanding & a student-centered approach.
Novel Disease but responding to an Old Drug: Role of Prolonged Corticosteroid Use in Prevention and Treatment of Post-Covid Interstitial Lung Disease (PC-ILD)
Authors: Muhammad Waseem, Maryam Rafiq Muhammad Waseem, Maryam Rafiq
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus has affected more than 128 million humans worldwide with invasionsin 129 countries across the globe. About 5-10 percent of these patients have pulmonary involvement in the form of COVID Pneumonia leading to ARDS. Although there are no statistics at the moment, trends show that majority will get rid of acute COVID respiratory involvement without any long-term pulmonary complications however several patients will face COVID sequel in the form of post-COVID fibrosis or post-COVID interstitial lung disease. With more and more survivors of COVID-19, long-term pulmonary complications of this infection especially Post-COVID ILD are being recognized by treating physicians ashavinga great impact on patients’functionality and quality of life. Since there is no research-based internationally accepted strategy to prevent and treat Post-COVID ILD, a strategy based upon observations of treating pulmonologists was devised in the COVID management unit at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal to prevent and treat Post COVID interstitial lung disease.Keywords:Anti-fibrotic, Fibrosis, Post-COVID sequelae, Post-COVID fibrosis, Post-COVID ILD.
Comparison of Materials used in Facilitating External Cephalic Version
Authors: Majeed Noreen , Safdar Faiza , Nisa Khair Un , Tariq Shamsa , Shabana Nargis , Bibji Saana
Published: October 2022

Introduction: External cephalic version (ECV) is a procedure to manipulate a fetus with breech presentation to cephalic presentation through maternal abdomen under ultrasound guidance. It is done to reduce the number of assisted breech deliveries and caesarean sections for breech presentation. Talcum powder or aqueous gel is frequently used to facilitate ECV. We compared powder with gel in attaining a successful version and level of practitioner satisfaction with powder versus gel use.Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted by Wah Medical College in POF hospital (affiliated with WMC) , Wah Cantt from 10th Oct 2015- 10th Oct 2019. Total of 56 low risk gravid women underwent ECV after selection on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. By using convenient consecutive sampling, powder or gel during ECV was allocated accordingly. ECV was performed by the single experienced practitioner in labour room with cardiotocograph and emergency caesarean facilities . Powder and gel use was compared in attaining a successful version. ECV was declared successful on confirming head of fetus in lower uterine segment on ultrasound. Unsuccessful ECVs were reattempted with crossover use to the other aid. Practitioner satisfaction was defined as, ease experienced by the practitioner in performing ECV. It was graded as high, medium and low on the base of ease or difficulty experienced by the practitioner while using powder or gel during ECV. The data was recorded & analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics with Chi-square test is applied to find out the association between successful version & practitioner satisfaction level with powder versus gel use.Results: In the powder use group, 9 ECVs were successful and 19 ECV’s were unsuccessful. In gel use group, 12 ECVs were successful and 16 were unsuccessful. There were more successful ECV’s in gel group but the association was not significant (P-value .408). Practitioner satisfaction was significantly high with gel than the powder use(P-value .<.001).Conclusion: Powder or gel is not superior over the other as an aid for achieving successful ECV though gel use is more satisfying for the provider than powder use in performing ECV. More studies are required regarding aids used in performing ECV for recommendations in clinical practice.
Impact of Topical Nepafenac on Macular Thickness after Phacoemulsification with Intraocular Lens Implantation in Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Arooj Amjad, Muhammad Shaheer, Hassan Tariq, Ammarah Rasheed Arooj Amjad, Muhammad Shaheer, Hassan Tariq, Ammarah Rasheed
Published: October 2022

Objective: To study the effect of post-operative Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) eye drops on macular thickness in patients without diabetic retinopathy measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) after cataract surgery.Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.Place & Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department/Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 15-01-2019 to 31-12-2021.Materials & Methods: Diabetic patients without retinopathy who required cataract surgery for visual rehabilitation were included in the study. They were then divided into two groups. Group A included patients who received routine steroid+antibiotic post-operative drops while Group B comprised patients who received nepafenac (0.1%) eye drops eight hourly in addition to routine post-operative eye drops. All patients underwent standard phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation followed by the use of NSAID eye drops for a month. OCT measurements were done pre-operatively, 7 and 28 days post-operatively.Results: Comparison of central macular thickness between groups was significant at (Pre & 7-day post-op) and insignificant at (7th day & 28th day post-op) and (Pre & 28th day post op) i.e. 0.043, 0.834, and 0.084 respectively. However, a difference in mean central macular thickness was significant in all follow-up periods i.e. 0.003, 0.006, and 0.000Conclusion: Post-operative NSAID in diabetic patients without retinopathy leads to a significant decrease in macular thickness as compared to those who do not receive post-operative NSAID after cataract surgery.Keywords: Phacoemulsification, Optical Coherence Tomography, Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents.
Resenha da obra “Responsabilidade civil e direito de família - o direito de danos na parentalidade e conjugalidade”
Authors: Tito Karenina Carvalho
Published: October 2022

É fato indiscutível que a família, a mais importante das instituições civilistas, vem sofrendo modificações de efeitos incalculáveis ao longo dos anos. De modo a compreender melhor o remodelamento ocorrido, convém segmentar o estudo em dois grandes grupos: a conjugalidade e a parentalidade. Se traçarmos uma linha histórica no que tange à conjugalidade, perceberemos que esta, no primeiro Código Civil Brasileiro, de 1916, era vista dentro de um modelo de família patriarcal fundado no casamento indissolúvel, ou seja, no vínculo eterno entre os cônjuges.