bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of SARS‐CoV‐2 on semen parameters of infected infertile male in comparison with those that noninfected
Authors: Ali Baida Rihan , Atiyah Saad A. , T. Yser Heba , M. Khelewe Ahmed , Hameed Hameed N.
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS COV‐2 that has spread globally, the virus can cause different pathological alterations in many organs, such as the lung, kidney, and testis. The study aimed to determine the effect of COVID‐19 on the seminal fluid parameters of infected infertile males compared with those who are noninfected.

Methods

The study was performed in Al‐Hussein Teaching Hospital during the period from September to November, 2021 and it involved 318 patients. The patients’ info included age, address, and vaccination. The sperm count, activity, and morphology were detected using Computer‐assisted semen analysis CASA (Microptic‐Spain) according to the WHO manual.

Results

There were high significant differences between the infertile males who were infected with COVID‐ 19 and those who were vaccinated (X2 = 12.509, p = 0.001). A high significant relation (p < 0.001) was recorded between types of infection severity and volume of semen (p < 0.001) and nonprogress life sperm (C) (p < 0.001). While significant differences were shown in the moderate progression sperm (B) (p = 0.012), and morphology (p = 0.02), respectively. High significant differences were reported between the types of infection severity (count of the sperm, presence of pus, B, C and D), (p < 0.001), while a significant difference was shown between severity types in relation to A and morphology of the sperms (p = 0.021 and 0.015), respectively.

Conclusion

The severity of COVID‐19 has a significant impact on infertility and sperm parameters, particularly progression and sperm morphology, despite the fact that these parameters are unrelated to vaccination.
A case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and literature review
Authors: Han Yu , Ding Bingjie , Li Mengjuan , Song Xuewen , Liu Liu , Zhou Hu
Published: June 2022

Background

To discuss the clinical features of a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Methods

The clinical data of one patient with HHT are retrospectively analysed. In addition, we review the relevant literature.

Results

A 32‐year‐old male patient was admitted to the hematology outpatient department of our hospital and presented with intermittent epistaxis for 24 years. In recent years, he was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nasal endoscopic examination showed telangiectasia at the front of the right‐middle turbinate and the left nasal cavity. He had ENG genetic mutation positivity.

Conclusions

Patients with HHT may suffer from many complications, including bleeding, anemia, iron deficiency, and high‐output heart failure. These patients may have telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations in various organs.
Bone disease in early detected Gaucher Type I disease: A case report
Authors: Gragnaniello Vincenza , Burlina Alessandro P. , Manara Renzo , Cazzorla Chiara , Rubert Laura , Gueraldi Daniela , Toniolli Ermanno , Quaia Emilio , Burlina Alberto B.
Published: June 2022

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal disorder characterized by the storage of glucosylceramide in macrophages (“Gaucher cells”), particularly in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The most common phenotype, GD type 1, usually presents with hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, and sometimes bone involvement at variable age. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available and effective, but some severe manifestations are irreversible (e.g., osteonecrosis), so that early treatment is crucial. We describe a 4‐year‐old Albanian male with GD type 1, diagnosed through newborn screening (NBS), presented during follow up with multiple osteonecrotic areas in both femurs. He had no other symptoms or signs of disease, except for increasing of lyso‐Gb1 biomarker. Early initiation of ERT allowed a partial improvement of bone lesions. Our case highlights the importance of NBS for GD and of close follow‐up of presymptomatic patients, especially if biomarker levels are increasing. In the absence of NBS, GD should be considered in patients who present with bone lesions, also isolated. Early diagnosis and treatment improve the course of disease and avoid irreversible sequelae.
Using the daily change in the Southern Oscillation Index to develop analogues and the relationship to severe weather outbreaks
Authors: Renken Joseph S. , Brown Caleb L. , Kennedy Grace , Mainguy Jacques , Wergelas Nicholas , Lupo Anthony R.
Published: June 2022

The occurrence of severe weather is an annual problem for much of the United States and North America and maximizes from March through June. With the increased interest in subseasonal weather forecasting, there have been attempts to anticipate the occurrence of anomalous weather on the timescale of one to 4 weeks including the occurrence of severe weather. Previous research has shown that teleconnection indices, associated with long period Rossby wave activity, or persistent large‐scale flow regimes have been useful tools in this endeavour. Here, abrupt changes over a 24–72‐hr period (10 or more units per day or 20 or more units over 3 days) in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) time series will be used to demonstrate that these changes can be associated with the possible occurrence of major severe weather event‐days defined as; 20 or more tornado, 155 or more wind speed events >25.9 m·s−1, or 135 or more hail diameter larger than 25.4 mm, reports over the United States one to 3 weeks in advance, especially during the March through June period. The severe weather events obtained from the archive at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) from 1991 through 2020 were used. The results here demonstrate that more than 7 in 10 major severe weather occurrences were associated with abrupt positive and negative changes in the daily SOI when using signal detection methods.
Survival and fidelity of translocated and resident burrowing owls in Arizona
Authors: Doublet Dejeanne D. , Abadi Fitsum , Johnson David H. , Desmond Martha J.
Published: June 2022

Given the rapid pace of urbanization, mitigation translocations are increasingly being used to reduce human‐wildlife conflicts, especially to move animals out of the path of land development. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are commonly subjected to translocations because of their association with flat, open lands that are attractive to development. But outcomes of burrowing owl translocations and the effects they have on their demographic parameters are seldom documented. From 2017–2019, we tracked the fates of 42 resident (non‐translocated) burrowing owls and 43 translocated owls using very high frequency radio‐telemetry across 4 release sites in southcentral Arizona, USA. Translocations were conducted by Wild At Heart (WAH), a non‐profit raptor rehabilitation program, and owls were moved from areas with planned development activities to release sites that contained artificial burrows. Each year, WAH held translocated owls in groups of 6–10 owls with varying male to female ratios in aviaries prior to taking the owls to release sites where the owls stayed in soft‐release tents for an acclimation period of 30 days before release. Resident owls were located at or near the 4 release sites. We used the joint live encounter and dead recovery model to evaluate differences in survival and fidelity probabilities between resident (non‐translocated) and translocated burrowing owls and to assess factors that influenced these probabilities including sex, year, site, captivity duration, and the number of males in release cohorts for translocated owls. Annual survival was consistently lower for translocated owls (0.35, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.61 and 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.03 for 2017 and 2018, respectively) compared to resident owls (0.68, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.92 and 0.69, 95% CI = 0.47, 0.90 for 2017 and 2018, respectively). Annual fidelity was lower for translocated owls (0.05, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.15) compared to resident owls (0.79, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.00) in 2018, but fidelity did not differ significantly between translocated (0.54, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.89) and resident owls (0.62, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.87) in 2017. For translocated owls, the number of males in release cohorts negatively affected survival ( = −0.74, 95% CI = −1.07, −0.40) and fidelity ( = −0.73, 95% CI = −1.17, −0.29). Our results indicate the need for substantial changes to the current translocation methodology for burrowing owls in Arizona. Breeding season releases that included owl groups and multiple males within cohorts resulted in agonistic interactions, high mortality, and low fidelity. Translocations of this territorial species should be restricted to male‐female pairs or single individuals. Earlier releases may allow owls time to become established on release sites prior to the breeding season, which could promote fidelity. We recommend these changes be implemented and evaluated along with an examination of other release methods.
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse brood success and chick survival in a wind‐energy landscape
Authors: Proett Matt , Roberts Shane B. , Messmer Terry A.
Published: June 2022

Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) have experienced range‐wide population declines, primarily as a result of habitat loss or degradation, and currently occupy <10% of their historical range. Expansion of wind‐energy development across the current, occupied Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse range is a potential threat to the subspecies. To assess the potential effects of wind‐energy development on vital rates of Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse offspring, we monitored 68 broods of radio‐marked females captured at 11 leks in restored grasslands within 14 km of a 215‐turbine wind‐energy development complex in eastern Idaho, USA from 2014–2015. We assessed the influence of wind turbine density, habitat characteristics, brood‐rearing female age, hatch date, and weather on brood success and chick survival using an information‐theoretic model selection approach. Wind turbine density did not influence early (14‐day) brood success, but there was weak evidence for a negative effect of wind turbine density on late (42‐day) brood success. There was strong evidence that increasing turbine density within the late brood‐rearing home range negatively affected chick survival to 42 days after hatch. The probability of an individual chick surviving to 42 days decreased by 50% when there were ≥10 wind turbines within 2,100 m of the nest. Late brood success and chick survival increased with earlier hatch dates. There was weak evidence for positive effects of post‐hatch precipitation on early brood success and chick survival and weak evidence that adult females had higher early brood success than yearlings. Habitat characteristics such as vegetation composition in restored grasslands were poor predictors of offspring survival. Multiple variables, including wind‐energy development, are important to Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse brood success and chick survival. Wildlife managers should consider the potential for negative impacts of wind‐energy development on Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse recruitment when addressing wind‐energy siting and mitigation.
Solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bacterial outer membrane proteins in natively excreted vesicles using engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Mouhib Mohammed , Chi Celestine N.
Published: June 2022

Gaining structural information on membrane proteins in their native lipid environment is a long‐standing challenge in molecular biology. Instead, it is common to employ membrane mimetics, which has been shown to affect protein structure, dynamics, and function severely. Here, we describe the incorporation of a bacterial outer membrane protein (OmpW) into natively excreted membrane vesicles for solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using a mutant Escherichia coli strain with a high outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production rate. We collected NMR spectra from both vesicles containing overexpressed OmpW and vesicles from a control strain to account for the presence of physiologically relevant outer membrane proteins in vesicles and observed distinct resonance signals from OmpW. Due to the increased production of OMVs and the use of non‐uniform sampling techniques we were able to obtain high‐resolution 2D (HSQC) and 3D (HNCO) NMR spectra of our target protein inside its native lipid environment. While this workflow is not yet sufficient to achieve in situ structure determination, our results pave the way for further research on vesicle‐based solution NMR spectroscopy.
Comprehensive evaluation of dosimetric impact against position errors in accelerator‐based BNCT under different treatment parameter settings
Authors: Kakino Ryo , Hu Naonori , Isohashi Kayako , Aihara Teruhito , Nihei Keiji , Ono Koji
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients who undergo accelerator‐based (AB) boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for head and neck cancer in the sitting position are generally uncomfortably immobilized, and patient motion during this treatment may be greater than that in other radiotherapy techniques. Furthermore, the treatment time of BNCT is relatively long (up to approximately 1 h), which increases the possibility of patient movement during treatment. As most BNCT irradiations are performed in a single fraction, the dosimetric error due to patient motion is of greater consequence and needs to be evaluated and accounted for. Several treatment parameters are required for BNCT dose calculation.

Purpose

To investigate the dosimetric impacts (DIs) against position errors using a simple cylindrical phantom for an AB‐BNCT system under different treatment parameter settings.

Methods

The treatment plans were created in RayStation and the dose calculation was performed using the NeuCure® dose engine. A cylindrical phantom (16 cm diameter × 20 cm height) made of soft tissue was modeled. Dummy tumors in the form of a 3‐cm‐diameter sphere were arranged at depths of 2.5 and 6.5 cm (denoted by T2.5 and T6.5, respectively). Reference plans were created by setting the following parameters: collimator size = 10, 12, or 15 cm in diameter, collimator‐to‐surface distance (CSD) = 4.0 or 8.0 cm, tumor‐to‐blood ratio (T/B ratio) using 18F‐fluoro‐borono‐phenylalanine = 2.5 or 5.0, and 10B concentration in blood = 20, 25, or 30 ppm. The prescribed dose was D95% ≥ 20 Gy‐eq for both T2.5 and T6.5. Based on the reference plans, phantom‐shifted plans were created in 26 directions [all combinations of left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP), and superior–inferior (SI) directions) and three distances (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm). The DIs were evaluated at D80% of the tumors. The shift direction dependency of the DI in the LR, AP, and SI directions was evaluated by conducting a multiple regression analysis (MRA) and other analyses where required.

Results

The coefficients of the MRA of the DIs for LR, AP, and SI shifts were −0.08, 2.16, and −0.04 (p‐values = 0.084, <0.01, and 0.334) for T2.5 and −0.05, 2.08, and 0.15 (p‐values = 0.526, <0.01, and 0.065) for T6.5, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that DIs due to the AP shift were significantly greater for smaller collimator sizes on T2.5 and smaller CSD on T6.5. Dose reduction due to SI or LR (lateral) shifts was significantly greater for smaller collimator sizes on both T2.5 and T6.5 and smaller CSD on T2.5, according to the Student's t‐test. There were no significant differences in the DIs against both the AP shift and the lateral shift between the different T/B ratios and 10B concentrations.

Conclusion

The DIs were largely affected by the shift in the AP direction and were influenced by the different treatment parameters.
Effect of boron compounds on the biological effectiveness of proton therapy
Authors: Manandhar Mandira , Bright Scott J. , Flint David B. , Martinus David K. J. , Kolachina Rishab V. , Ben Kacem Mariam , Titt Uwe , Martin Tioga J. , Lee Chad L. , Morrison Kendall , Shaitelman Simona F. , Sawakuchi Gabriel O.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

We assessed whether adding sodium borocaptate (BSH) or 4‐borono‐l‐phenylalanine (BPA) to cells irradiated with proton beams influenced the biological effectiveness of those beams against prostate cancer cells to investigate if the alpha particles generated through proton–boron nuclear reactions would be sufficient to enhance the biological effectiveness of the proton beams.

Methods

We measured clonogenic survival in DU145 cells treated with 80.4‐ppm BSH or 86.9‐ppm BPA, or their respective vehicles, after irradiation with 6‐MV X‐rays, 1.2‐keV/μm (low linear energy transfer [LET]) protons, or 9.9‐keV/μm (high‐LET) protons. We also measured γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in treated cells at 1 and 24 h after irradiation with the same conditions.

Results

We found that BSH radiosensitized DU145 cells across all radiation types. However, no difference was found in relative radiosensitization, characterized by the sensitization enhancement ratio or the relative biological effectiveness, for vehicle‐ versus BSH‐treated cells. No differences were found in numbers of γH2AX or 53BP1 foci or γH2AX/53BP1 colocalized foci for vehicle‐ versus BSH‐treated cells across radiation types. BPA did not radiosensitize DU145 cells nor induced any significant differences when comparing vehicle‐ versus BPA‐treated cells for clonogenic cell survival or γH2AX and 53BP1 foci or γH2AX/53BP1 colocalized foci.

Conclusions

Treatment with 11B, at concentrations of 80.4 ppm from BSH or 86.9 ppm from BPA, had no effect on the biological effectiveness of proton beams in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Our results agree with published theoretical calculations indicating that the contribution of alpha particles from such reactions to the total absorbed dose and biological effectiveness is negligible. We also found that BSH radiosensitized DU145 cells to X‐rays, low‐LET protons, and high‐LET protons but that the radiosensitization was not related to DNA damage.
MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of deep myometrial invasion of FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Mingli , Wen Feng , Shi Jiaxin , Song Jing , Zhao Jiaqi , Song Qingling , Lai Qingyuan , Luo Yahong , Yu Tao , Jiang Xiran , Jiang Wenyan , Dong Yue
Published: June 2022

Background

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies with an increasing incidence, and an accurate preoperative diagnosis of deep myometrial invasion (DMI) is crucial for personalized treatment.

Objective

To determine the predictive value of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics nomogram for the presence of DMI in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I EC.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 163 patients with pathologically confirmed stage I EC from two centers and divided all samples into a training group (Center 1) and a validation group (Center 2). Clinical and routine imaging indicators were analyzed by logistical regression to construct a conventional diagnostic model (M1). Radiomics features extracted from the axial T2‐weighted and axial contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CE‐T1W) images were treated with the intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression analysis with Akaike information criterion to build a combined radiomics signature (M2). A nomogram (M3) was constructed by M1 and M2. Calibration and decision curves were drawn to evaluate the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. The diagnostic performance of each indicator and model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Result

The four most significant radiomics features were finally selected from the CE‐T1W MRI. For the diagnosis of DMI, the AUCT/AUCV of M1 was 0.798/0.738, the AUCT/AUCV of M2 was 0.880/0.852, and the AUCT/AUCV of M3 was 0.936/0.871 in the training and validation groups, respectively. The calibration curves showed that M3 was in good agreement with the ideal values. The decision curve analysis suggested potential clinical application values of the nomogram.

Conclusion

A nomogram based on MRI radiomics and clinical imaging indicators can improve the diagnosis of DMI in patients with FIGO stage I EC.
Tracking the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK: A methodological report from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study
Authors: McBride Orla , Butter Sarah , Murphy Jamie , Hartman Todd K. , McKay Ryan , Hyland Philip , Shevlin Mark , Bennett Kate M. , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Lloyd Alex , Gibson‐Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Mason Liam , Martinez Anton P. , Vallières Frédérique , Karatzias Thanos , Bentall Richard P.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study was established in March 2020 to monitor the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 5 (March–April 2021).

Methods

The survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adults who participated in any previous wave (N = 4949) were re‐invited to participate. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors.

Results

Overall, 2520 adults participated. A total of 2377 adults who participated in the previous survey wave (November–December 2020) were re‐interviewed at Wave 5 (61.5% retention rate). Attrition between these two waves was predicted by younger age, lower household income, children living in the household, and treatment for mental health difficulties. Of the adults recruited into the C19PRC study at baseline, 57.4% (N = 1162) participated in Wave 5. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.5% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics.

Conclusion

This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research.
Kinetic analysis of multi‐resolution hyperpolarized 13C human brain MRI to study cerebral metabolism
Authors: Hu Jasmine Y. , Kim Yaewon , Autry Adam W. , Frost Mary M. , Bok Robert A. , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Xu Duan , Li Yan , Larson Peder E. Z. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Gordon Jeremy W.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To investigate multi‐resolution hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate MRI for measuring kinetic conversion rates in the human brain.

Methods

HP [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI was acquired in 6 subjects with a multi‐resolution EPI sequence at 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 resolution for pyruvate and 15 × 15 mm2 resolution for lactate and bicarbonate. With the same lactate data, 2 quantitative maps of pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion (kPL) maps were generated: 1 using 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 resolution pyruvate data and the other using synthetic 15 × 15 mm2 resolution pyruvate data to simulate a standard constant resolution acquisition. To examine local kPL values, 4 voxels were manually selected in each study representing brain tissue near arteries, brain tissue near veins, white matter, and gray matter.

Results

High resolution 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 pyruvate images increased the spatial delineation of brain structures and decreased partial volume effects compared to coarser resolution 15 × 15 mm2 pyruvate images. Voxels near arteries, veins and in white matter exhibited higher calculated kPL for multi‐resolution images.

Conclusion

Acquiring HP 13C pyruvate metabolic data with a multi‐resolution approach minimized partial volume effects from vascular pyruvate signals while maintaining the SNR of downstream metabolites. Higher resolution pyruvate images for kinetic fitting resulted in increased kinetic rate values, particularly around the superior sagittal sinus and cerebral arteries, by reducing extracellular pyruvate signal contributions from adjacent blood vessels. This HP 13C study showed that acquiring pyruvate with finer resolution improved the quantification of kinetic rates throughout the human brain.
Pediatric paleoradiology: Applications and best practice protocols for image acquisition and reporting
Authors: Van Schaik Katherine D. , Tsai Andy , Liston Maria A. , Conlogue Gerald
Published: June 2022

This paper aggregates and summarizes studies that use paleoradiology techniques in the analysis of pediatric remains. Building on these findings, we offer evidence‐based, best‐practice protocols for the use of radiographic techniques in the assessment of pediatric remains from archaeological contexts. We also provide a recommended reporting worksheet for recording findings in a standardized way. After reviewing studies of pediatric remains that used radiographic techniques, with a focus on three major bioarchaeological journals, PubMed, and the Yearbook of Mummy Studies, we identified areas for improvement in the acquisition and reporting of paleoradiographic findings in pediatric remains. Although radiological techniques are used with increasing frequency in the assessment of pediatric remains, no standardized pediatric imaging protocols presently exist. We combine insights gained from existing literature with current clinical imaging protocols in order to provide best‐practice protocols for the acquisition and reporting of radiographic findings from archeological contexts, specific to pediatric remains. This is, as far as we know, the first proposal of imaging protocols specifically tailored for the assessment of pediatric remains from bioarchaeological contexts. Recognizing the limitations faced by archaeologists around the use of imaging technologies in their fieldwork (including lack of funding, equipment access, and permit acquisition, among others), this review is offered not to criticize previous work, but in the hope that the need for appropriate radiographic study can be incorporated into research plans and funding applications from the beginning, and that granting agencies will encourage and support these types of analyses in skeletal studies. It holds implications for how paleoradiology techniques might be systematically used and applied to pediatric remains from multiple time periods, across the world. Our proposed imaging acquisition and reporting protocols are primarily based on English‐language sources. Further assessment of the proposed protocols, following systematic application in multiple contexts, is recommended.
Modelling the current and future potential distribution of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with increasingly serious damage to soybean
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Wang Ying , Wang Zhengbing , Ding Weili , Xu Kedong , Li Lili , Wang Yueying , Li Jinbu , Yang Mingsheng , Liu Xiaomeng , Huang Xinzheng
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, has received intense attention in recent years because of its involvement in increasing outbreaks of staygreen syndrome in soybean (Glycine max (L.)), often causing almost 100% loss of soybean yield in China. However, for this pest of great economic importance, potential current and future distribution patterns and their underlying driving factors remain unclear.

RESULTS

Maxent modelling under climate, elevation and land‐use (including the distribution information of G. max) variables showed that the current potential distribution covered a vast geographic range, primarily including most parts of south, South East and east Asia. Under future environmental scenarios, suitable habitat expanded markedly. Areas that would become highly suitable for R. pedestris were primarily located in north‐east China and west India. Five bioclimatic (BIO13, BIO08, BIO18, BIO02 and BIO07) and one land‐use (C3 annual crops) predictors contributed approximately 95% to the modelling, and analyses of curve responses showed that to a certain extent, R. pedestris preferred relatively high temperature and precipitation. Our results indicate that a high risk of R. pedestris outbreaks is present in parts of Asia, especially in the soybean‐growing regions of China, and this risk will continue in the future.

CONCLUSION

The predicted distribution pattern and key regulating factors identified herein could provide a vital reference for developing pest management policies and further alleviate the incidence of staygreen syndrome in soybean. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantized stabilization of event‐triggered systems under independent and identical distributed packet dropouts
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ling Qiang
Published: June 2022

This article studies the quantized control problem of a scalar continuous‐time linear system over a digital network. The network is subject to bounded transmission delay and independent and identically distributed packet dropouts. Event‐triggered sampling is implemented in the system. We first derive a lower bound on the necessary bit rate for any event‐triggered strategy by analyzing the evolution of the uncertainty set of the system state. Then we propose a control strategy which combines both event‐triggering and time‐triggering to stabilize the system. Note that our control strategy implements a dynamic encoding policy, under which the number of quantization bits is dependent on dropouts. Although the average bit rate occupied by our control strategy is higher than the obtained lower stabilizing bit rate bound, their gap can arbitrarily approach zero by relaxing the integer requirement of the number of quantization bits. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the derived results.
Multifunctional Mesoporous Polyaniline/Graphene Nanosheets for Flexible Planar Integrated Microsystem of Zinc Ion Microbattery and Gas Sensor
Authors: Wang Xiao , Qin Jieqiong , Hu Qi , Das Pratteek , Wen Pengchao , Zheng Shuanghao , Zhou Feng , Feng Liang , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: June 2022

The prosperity of smart portable microdevices urgently requires an advanced integrated microsystem equipped with cost‐effective safe microbatteries and ultra‐stable sensitive sensors. However, the practical application of smart microdevices is limited by complex active materials with single function. Here, the two‐dimensional (2D) mesoporous nanosheets of polyaniline decorated on graphene with large specific surface area of 141 m2 g−1, ample active sites, comparable conductivity, and ordered mesopores of 18 nm for a new‐type co‐planar integrated microsystem of zinc ion microbattery and gas sensor are developed. These unique triple‐function mesoporous nanosheets are well proved for dendrite‐free zinc anode with long cyclability (>500 h) and small overpotential (48 mV), a high performance cathode of zinc ion microbattery with outstanding volumetric capacity of 78 mAh cm–3 outperforming their counterparts reported, and a highly sensitive gas sensor with a resistance response (ΔR/R0%) of 118% for 20 ppm NH3. Moreover, the co‐planar battery‐sensor integrated microsystem exhibits superior mechanical stability and smart integration. Therefore, this work will open many opportunities to develop multifunctional 2D mesoporous materials for high performance smart integrated microsystems.
Transient Dynamics of Charges and Excitons in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Jaeyoul , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Hyunho , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: June 2022

Wide interest in quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) for potential application to display devices and light sources has led to their rapid advancement in device performance. Despite such progress, detailed operation mechanisms of QLEDs, which are necessary for the fundamental understanding and further improvements, have been still uncertain because of the intricate interaction between charges and excitons in electrical operation. In this work, the transient electroluminescence (TREL) signals of dichromatic QLEDs which are purposely designed to consist of two different color‐emitting QD layers are analyzed. As a result, not only can the charge injection and exciton recombination processes be visualized but the electron mobility of the QD layer can also be estimated. Furthermore, the effects of Förster resonant energy transfer between two QDs and exciton quenching near the QD layer are quantitatively measured in QLED operation. The authors believe that their results based on TREL analyses will contribute to the understanding and development of high‐performance QLEDs.
Saccharification Efficiency Improvement by Eurotium cristatum and its Mechanism Study during the Glutinous Rice Wine Fermentation
Authors: Yang Qin , Feng‐ying Yang
Published: June 2022

To verify whether Eurotium cristatum promotes the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine is the aim of this study. Thus, Anhua black tea (containing substantial E. cristatum) is used for co‐fermentation with liqueur koji in glutinous rice fermentation. The glutinous rice starch is analyzed to infer the effect of E. cristatum on saccharification efficiency, and the quality of co‐fermented glutinous rice wine is evaluated. The results show that E. cristatum can contribute to the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine. Saccharification efficiency reaches a maximum at 40 g 100 g−1 when 1.0 g liqueur koji and 0.6 g Anhua black tea are added in 100 g glutinous rice during the fermentation process at 32 °C for 3 days. In the glutinous rice starch, co‐fermentation by E. cristatum results in increased amylose content, decreased molecular weight, smaller starch particles, and obvious crystal structure. These phenomena in the starch molecules express the mechanism of saccharification efficiency promotion by E. cristatum. What's more, the glutinous rice wine co‐fermented by Anhua black tea has potential health functions for the human body and presents better sensory evaluation than the traditional one. Therefore, it is feasible and significant for the co‐fermentation with E. cristatum during glutinous rice wine production.
Dynamic Optimization of on‐Grid Integrated Energy System Considering Peak‐Shaving Demand Via Learning Methods
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Yijin , Li Duanchao , Wang Haiwei
Published: June 2022

An integrated energy system (IES) is combined with electricity, gas and heating subnetworks to satisfy various loads, which results in a complicated energy coupling. Considering the power interaction between IES and power grid, the real‐time dynamic optimal dispatch policies for the on‐grid IES are proposed and compared by learning methods to improve the operation economic and peak‐shaving performances in this study. Owing to the uncertainties of the load demands and real‐time peak‐shaving demand and renewable energy, together with the sequential operation of the controllable sources, the energy dispatch optimization problem of the IES is described as a stochastic dynamic optimization process. A source‐load collaborative operation mode is proposed as the coupling of thermal energy and electrical power in the IES and compared with different energy dispatching mode. And reinforcement learning methods are adopted to achieve the dynamic optimal policy. Since the multiple systems with energy coupling would result in modeling difficulty and dimension curse during the optimization, a deep reinforcement learning method (DDQN) is used to solve this problem. A numerical analysis is performed by comprehensively comparing the different learning algorithms and operation modes, and the simulation results show that the derived dispatch policy achieved by DDQN method with source‐load collaboration can effectively improve the performance of the IES in the stochastic environment. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Modeling of physical fields by means of the Cosserat continuum
Authors: Ivanova Elena A.
Published: June 2022

We consider a special type Cosserat continuum and suggest analogies between quantities characterizing the stress–strain state of the continuum and quantities characterizing physical processes. Such an approach provides us with the ability to derive equations describing electricity, magnetism, and other physical phenomena. This study continues the line of our earlier research. In the present paper, we obtain equations that can be treated as a generalization of Maxwell's equations. The main difference between the proposed equations and classical Maxwell's equations is in the description of magnetic phenomena. In particular, we introduce the concept of a magnetic charge vector and show that this quantity, like the electric charge, satisfies the conservation law and the Gauss law. We are convinced that the magnetic charge vector is the most appropriate physical quantity to characterize the state of a magnetized body. In addition to modeling the electromagnetic field, we make assumptions about how the proposed model can describe the field corresponding to the strong interaction.
The Evolution of Glocal Governance
Authors: Mihr Anja
Published: June 2022

The concept of glocal governance started in the early 1990s after the end of the old Cold War. With new democracies emerging across the world and the rise of economic globalization on the one side, and the emergence of local civil society organizations, activist, and public–private partnerships on the other side, glocal governance was seen as a possible form of governance altogether. Think global, act locally! has since become the slogan of the glocalization process and practice, meaning that local actors adhere to universal norms and implement them. Glocal modes of governance can be found in business and the public sectors alike, such as in the education, health, and even security sectors alike.
The Glocal Between the Local and the Global
Authors: Mihr Anja
Published: June 2022

The glocal is a mixed concept of globally shared norms, attitudes, behavior, and actions, that allow individuals as well as groups and organizations to take decisions and resolve issues locally. Glocalizations is the process of norm diffusion and habits from the local to the global level, through IT and other means of communication, and from the global and international level to the local. Glocalism is the state of the art and the situation by which actors respond and act according to global norms. Moreover, glocality is a theoretical notion that explains how and by which mode local actors such as city majors solve urban problems in response to universally agreed human rights or labor norms. Glocality is also bridgebuilder and an act of connectivity between the Western way of life that is often seen as a lead in glocalization, and the non-western world.
The System of Glocal Governance
Authors: Mihr Anja
Published: June 2022

Glocal governance is a political system and a concept at the same time. It is a conceptual and intellectual framework and hence notion of how to govern beyond Nation-States. It became a new and systematic form of day-to-day governance practice, when filling existing power and the governance vacuums in dysfunctional or failing states and even during wartimes. For democratic countries it is a proposal to add quality to existing democratic practice in the period of digitalization. For non-democratic, corrupt, and dysfunctional countries and societies glocal governance is a way to introduce good governance principles and human rights compliance through the bottom-up approach to maintain basic elements of human security.
Intensivmedizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit akuter Intoxikation in Deutschland – ein Rückblick über 20 Jahre
Authors: Bremen Kristin , Wirtz Theresa H. , Brozat Jonathan F. , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Hohlstein Philipp , Pollmanns Maike , Buendgens Lukas , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Die vorliegende Studie präsentiert ein Kollektiv akut intoxikierter Patienten, die in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten auf eine medizinische Intensivstation eines tertiären Versorgungszentrums in Deutschland aufgenommen wurden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Ziel der Studie bestand darin, einen Überblick zur akuten Intoxikation als relevantes intensivmedizinisches Krankheitsbild und hiermit assoziierte klinische Charakteristika sowie die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten zu bieten.

Material und Methoden

Die Studienkohorte umfasst 1030 Patienten, die in den Jahren1999–2019 aufgrund einer akuten Vergiftung auf die medizinische Intensivstation der Uniklinik RWTH Aachen aufgenommen wurden. Demographische und klinische Merkmale sowie das klinische Management wurden detailliert analysiert und zwischen alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Untergruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Suizidversuche stellten die häufigste Ursache für die intensivmedizinische Aufnahme intoxikierter Patienten dar. Insbesondere führten Medikamente, v. a. Antidepressiva, zu einer akuten Vergiftung. Die Substanzen variierten hierbei je nach Geschlecht und Alter der betroffenen Patienten. In der Subgruppe der älteren Patienten stellten Benzodiazepine die am häufigsten verwendeten Substanzen dar. 286 Patienten (28 %) entwickelten ≥ 1 Organversagen. Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 2,6 %. Im Vergleich der ersten (1999–2009) mit der zweiten Dekade (2010–2019) des Beobachtungszeitraums zeigte sich ein Trend zu einer häufigeren Einnahme von Antidepressiva und Alkohol, während die Verwendung von Benzodiazepinen rückläufig war.

Diskussion

Obwohl die Gesamtmortalität im beobachteten Kollektiv gering ist, repräsentieren akut vergiftete Patienten fast 10 % aller Einweisungen auf die Intensivstation und beanspruchen insbesondere in Zeiten begrenzter Intensivkapazitäten wertvolle Ressourcen.
A free mind cannot be digitally transferred
Authors: Génova Gonzalo , Moreno Valentín , Parra Eugenio
Published: June 2022

The digital transfer of the mind to a computer system (i.e., mind uploading) requires representing the mind as a finite sequence of bits (1s and 0s). The classic “stored-program computer” paradigm, in turn, implies the equivalence between program and data, so that the sequence of bits themselves can be interpreted as a program, which will be algorithmically executed in the receiving device. Now, according to a previous proof, on which this paper is based, a computational or algorithmic machine, however complex, cannot be free (in the sense of ‘self-determined’). Consequently, a finite sequence of bits cannot adequately represent a free mind and, therefore, a free mind cannot be digitally transferred, quod erat demonstrandum. The impossibility of making this transfer, as demonstrated here, should be a concern especially for those who wish to achieve it. Since we intend this to be a rigorous demonstration, we must give precise definitions and conditions of validity. The most important part of the paper is devoted to explaining the meaning and reasonableness of these definitions and conditions (for example that being truly free means being self-determined). Special attention is paid, also, to the philosophical implications of the demonstration. Finally, this thesis is distinguished from other closely related issues (such as other possible technological difficulties to “discretize” the mind; or, whether it is possible to transfer the mind from one material support to another one in a non-digital way).
Optimisation of tool path shape in trochoidal milling using B-spline curves
Authors: Jacso Adam , Sikarwar Basant Singh , Phanden Rakesh Kumar , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Sahu Govind N.
Published: June 2022

In recent years, trochoidal milling has become greatly widespread since it provides high productivity and long tool life, especially when cutting difficult-to-machine materials. Numerous studies have dealt with the analytical description and the experimental investigation of the evolution of cutting force, temperature, tool wear, chatter stability, etc. However, most of these analyses are focusing on the conventional circular and cycloid-shape trajectories. Only a few studies address the potential of improving the efficiency by modifying the tool path shape, leaving significant reserves untapped. If the mathematical formulation of the trajectory cannot be described easily, then a sophisticated optimisation algorithm is needed to determine the appropriate tool path shape. To overcome these difficulties at trochoidal milling of straight slots, the present work proposes a new tool path generation algorithm that can maximize the average material removal rate (MRR) while controlling the tool load. In this approach, the tool path is modelled by a B-spline curve whose control points are optimised using a differential evolution algorithm. The developed tool path generation strategy was compared through simulations and experiments with two widely used solutions viz the traditional cycloid-shaped tool path and a modern approach used in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. The results reveal that the developed method is able to control the tool load and the smoothness of the tool path, and most importantly, also exceeds the existing methods in terms of productivity.
mTOR pathway mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in septic mice
Authors: Bai Guangxu , Wang Hao , Cui Na
Published: June 2022

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been well documented to participate in the pathophysiological processes of apoptosis in many diseases. Inhibition of ERS ameliorates pathological organ injury. However, the upstream signaling pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of which are still unknown. mTOR, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, is a key regulator of apoptosis. Hence, in this study, a classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was constructed by using the T cell-specific knockout mTOR and TSC1 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, the inhibitor of mTOR signaling pathway) mice to explore the underlying signaling pathway and molecular mechanism of host immune imbalance caused by apoptosis in sepsis. We found that mTOR may modulate septic T cell apoptosis by regulating Akt–IRE1–JNK pathway. To further clarify the possible mechanism, the specific inhibitors of PI3K-Akt and IRE1–JNK were used to intervene in mice before/after CLP, respectively. By analyzing the proteins of mTOR-ERS signaling pathway and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and genes, we found that mTOR mediated the ER stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice by negatively regulating the Akt–IRE1–JNK-Caspase 3 signaling cascades. These results indicate that mTOR–Akt–IRE1α–JNK signaling pathway mediated the Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice.
Horizontal Variations of Nocturnal Temperature and Turbulence Over Microtopography
Authors: Mahrt L.
Published: June 2022

Nocturnal spatial variation of temperature, wind, and turbulence over microtopography is generally poorly understood. Low amplitude microtopography covers much of the Earth’s surface and, with very stable conditions, can produce significant spatial variations of temperature and turbulence. We examine such variations over gentle terrain that include two shallow gullies that feed into a small valley. The gullies are covered by a sub-network of seven flux stations that is embedded within a larger network that covers the valley. The measurements indicate that gullies of only 2–5-m depth and 100-m width can often lead to spatial variations of temperature of several kelvin or more. Such variations depend on ambient wind speed and direction and the near-surface stratification. We investigate the surprising importance of microscale lee turbulence occurring over the gentle microtopography with slopes of only 5%. Near-surface stratification unexpectedly tends to increase with surface elevation on the slopes. We examine the potential causes of this puzzling behaviour of the near-surface stratification.