bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the visual layout of university open space on students' behavior and satisfaction level: the case of Iran University of Science and Technology
Authors: Charousaei Masoomeh , Faizi Mohsen , Khakzand Mehdi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Visual aesthetics are a vital aspect of environmental quality. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the implementation of visibility analysis and visual quality standards on a campus to enhance productivity and effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has identified the most crucial and valuable metrics for evaluating the visual quality of open spaces through an analysis of theoretical foundations and relevant background information. To achieve research goal, a multi-method approach was employed, incorporating a survey, user satisfaction ratings and ISOVIST simulation techniques. Specifically, this study focused on assessing the quality of open spaces in three open areas located on the campus of the Iran University of Science and Technology.

Findings

Based on the study’s findings, the most significant factors that students considered when evaluating the visual quality of open spaces on the Iran University of Science and Technology campus were green areas, gathering spaces and architectural elements such as furniture, color and texture. Among the three open areas examined, “Open Space One” was identified as the most satisfactory location for students. According to the study, “sensory richness,” “complexity” and “mystery” were significant indicators of students' satisfaction in this area. This area also had the widest radius and field of view feasible, which gave it a feeling of openness and spaciousness.

Originality/value

This study explores the influence of students' experiences, behavioral patterns and visual analyses on their use of open spaces on university campuses, with a focus on the Iran University of Science and Technology. By assessing students' satisfaction levels with these spaces, this research provides valuable insights that can guide the initial analysis stage before the design process and facilitate design optimization during the development stages. The results highlight the importance of considering user experiences and visual analysis when planning and creating open spaces on university campuses.

Highlights

Conducting an initial analysis before developing a design plan can be very helpful in understanding how users think and behave.

The three criteria of visual quality that have the strongest correlation with students' satisfaction with “open space” are “mystery,” “sensory richness” and “complexity.”

Two factors, namely the “radius of vision” and the “area” index, significantly influence students' satisfaction with open spaces.

Outdoor designers should incorporate “green space” and “gathering spaces” into their designs since the presence of these is effective in attracting and satisfying students.

The number of people using an open space has little to do with how satisfied students are with it.

Half of the students use open areas between 11:00 and 14:00, so the provision of “canopy” and “shelter” in these spaces is essential.
Sustainable development through quality management: a multiple-case study analysis of triumphs, trials and tribulations
Authors: Antony Jiju , Bhat Shreeranga , Sony Michael , Fundin Anders , Sorqvist Lars , Molteni Raul
Published: February 2024

Purpose

In a highly competitive and globalised era, agile organisations proactively steer towards sustainability. This situation persuaded the organisations to align Quality Management (QM) initiatives to achieve sustainable outcomes. This study aims to explore quality–sustainability linkage, explicitly focusing on attaining the prestigious IAQ Quality Sustainability Award. Further it investigates, the impact of QM as a strategy for promoting sustainability to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the lack of substantial literature connecting QM to sustainability, the current research adopted an explanatory multiple-case study. Six cases were purposively chosen for the study. Three cases of those who have achieved the prestigious IAQ Quality Sustainability Award and remaining have been selected that have fallen short of receiving the award. A detailed within-case and cross-case examinations involving six cases that reported their QM achievements aligned with SDGs.

Findings

The findings demonstrate the significant role of QM adoption in achieving positive results from the perspective of SDGs, such as reduced environmental impacts, improved operational efficiency and enhanced quality of life. Effective stakeholder collaboration, proficiency in analytical tools and strategic alignment with SDGs emerged as critical success factors. Conversely, weak linkage with sustainability and unclear approaches were crucial challenges in attaining the IAQ Quality Sustainability Award.

Research limitations/implications

This paper outlines essential commandments for organisations actively seeking to promote sustainability. It offers valuable insights for decision-makers, facilitating a profound understanding of the challenges and opportunities in pursuing sustainable performance.

Originality/value

The distinctive nature of this study lies in its dedicated exploration of the intricate relationship between QM deployment and its true impact on the achievement of the SDGs.
Cruise tourism research: a horizon 2050 paper
Authors: Papathanassis Alexis
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to empower cruise academia to assert their role as enablers, and potentially drivers, of sustainable, responsible and resilient cruise futures.

Design/methodology/approach

This contribution represents a synthesis and a critical reflection of cruise-related research-review literature over the last four decades, assessing its impact and potential in terms of influencing the evolution and future developments of cruise tourism.

Findings

Cruise research between the 1980s and the first decade of this century could be characterised as “ship-centric” and managerially focused. Over the last decade and up to the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise research has become increasingly “cruise-destination centric”, with sustainability emerging as a dominant theme. Diverging somewhat from the public and media emphasis on environmental concerns and risks, academic research tends to focus on the economic aspects of sustainability. Nonetheless, and despite aiming for practical relevance, cruise research tends to remain reactive and lags behind industry trends.

Research limitations/implications

This paper proposes a shift from a “applied” to an “applicable” research paradigm, inspiring researchers to proactively shape the industry‘s future by embracing “what-ifs” in their thematic scope. Such a paradigm calls for a normativity-enriched methodological diversity, as well as the inclusion of transformational relevance as an indicator of research impact.

Originality/value

Public perceptions of cruise tourism have changed over the years, evolving from that of a promising holiday niche to a symbol of unsustainable mass tourism. In this context, cruise scholars are offered guidance for transcending the polarising debate of growth versus de-growth/limits while increasing the relevance and transformational impact of cruise scholarship.
The effect of switching on the thermal behavior and operating time of electrical windings
Authors: Hashemi Ali , Taheri Hamed , Dehghani Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To prevent the coil from burning or getting damaged, it is necessary to estimate the duration of its operation as long as its temperature does not exceed the permissible limit. This paper aims to investigate the effect of switching on the thermal behavior of impregnated and nonimpregnated windings. Also, the safe operating time for each winding is determined.

Design/methodology/approach

The power loss of the winding is expressed as a function of the winding specifications. Using homogenization techniques, the equivalent thermal properties for the homogenized winding are calculated and used in a proposed thermal equivalent circuit for winding modeling and analysis. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model are determined by comparing its analysis results and simulation and measurement results.

Findings

The results show that copper windings have better thermal behavior and lower temperature compared to aluminum windings. On the other hand, by impregnating or increasing the packing factor of the winding, the thermal behavior is improved. Also, by choosing the right duty cycle for the winding current source, it is possible to prevent the burning or damage of the winding and increase its lifespan. Comparing the measurement results with the analysis results shows that the proposed equivalent circuit has an error of less than 4% in the calculation of the winding center temperature.

Research limitations/implications

In this paper, the effect of temperature on the electrical resistance of the coil is ignored. Also, rectangular wires were not investigated. Research in these topics are considered as future work.

Originality/value

By calculating the thermal time constant of the winding, its safe operation time can be calculated so that its temperature does not exceed the tolerable value (150 °C). The proposed method analyzes both impregnated and nonimpregnated windings with various schemes. It investigates the effects of switching on their thermal behavior. Additionally, it determines the safe operating time for each type of winding.
Seismic communication data processing based on compressed sensing algorithm
Authors: Jiang Yuanjie , Xing Xuefeng
Published: February 2024

Geophysical prospecting signals encompass subsurface structural information and incorporate textual messages generated in accordance with a specific pattern. These signals can be employed in places without radio access to ensure public and worker safety. Therefore, the use of seismic signals to transmit information through the earth has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. Presently, achievements in seismic communication are mainly in the coding, generation, and propagation of seismic signals. Little work has been done on methods to convert seismic signals generated by vibroseis sources into text and broadcast them vocally. Therefore, we built a seismic communication system with 6‐bit code using the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. To better recommend the seismic communication system scheme, the origin, state and principles of seismic communication system are illustrated in detail. Then, a seismic transmitting system is devised with a 500 N vibroseis source, which compiles seismic signals through amplitude modulation. After seismic signals propagate through the earth, they are received by geophones and recorded in seismographs. Through data acquisition based on a compression algorithm, seismic signals are converted into text and voice signals, which significantly reduces the storage and transmission of seismic data.
Autogamy ensures reproductive success in the bromeliad Dyckia dissitiflora Schult.f., endemic to the Brazilian caatinga domain
Authors: Cardoso de Araujo Fagundes Adelly , de Souza Everton Hilo , Silveira Funch Ligia , Machado Isabel Cristina , Alves de Siqueira‐Filho José
Published: February 2024

The genus Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) is endemic to South America, and its species show important ecological roles in xeric environments. The flowering phenology as well as floral and reproductive biology were monitored monthly in Dyckia dissitiflora at two sites (Bela Vista: 11°42′03.4″ S 39°05′21.7″ W and Barra do Vento: 11°37′58.1″ S 39°03′33.7″ W) in the municipality of Serrinha, Bahia, Brazil. Flowering occurs in the early austral summer with a peculiar time of beginning of anthesis (10:00–11:00), offering resources 18 h after the first petal movements. Pollen viability was 98%, with a high production of pollen grains. Stigma receptivity is continuous from flower opening to senescence, and nectar production initiates at 04:00 and extends until 18:00. The species is self‐compatible and autogamous, but not agamospermic. Pollen tubes developed and reached the micropyle within 24 h in all of the reproductive tests. The hummingbird Chlorostilbon lucidus was the only floral visitor and pollinator (frequency = 0.82 ± 0.02). Fruiting occurs 3 days after anthesis, and the seeds are wind‐dispersed. Self‐compatibility and autogamy are essential strategies for the reproductive success of D. dissitiflora in light of the low number and visit frequency of its pollinators, and it is favored by slow floral movements and the position of the stigmas in relation to stamens.
Government regulation and China's natural gas price distortion: A sectoral perspective
Authors: Lu Xiangyi , Xiao Jianzhong , Wang Xiaolin , Wen Le , Peng Jiachao
Published: February 2024

Clarifying the relationship between government regulation and natural gas price distortion is conducive to providing reference for coordinating the relationship between government and market in the process of natural gas market reform. This study examines the impact of government regulation on natural gas price distortions in China, emphasizing sectoral differences in industrial, residential, and commercial sectors. Utilizing production function and equal calorific value methods, the research uncovers significant variations in price distortions across these sectors, with residential gas exhibiting the highest distortion due to prolonged government control and cross‐subsidization. Theoretical analysis, underpinned by the Peltzman model, reveals that price elasticity of end users and political returns significantly influence the extent of distortion. The empirical analysis, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, demonstrates that government regulations have a pronounced effect on residential gas prices, while marketization moderates distortions, benefiting the industrial sector but exacerbating distortions in the residential sector. The study suggests a strategic reduction in residential subsidies, alignment of commercial prices with international markets, and phased deregulation, particularly in the commercial sector, to stimulate competition and market efficiency. The findings underscore the necessity for a balanced approach in natural gas market reforms, integrating both government regulation and market forces to achieve sustainable energy transition and economic growth.
Recovery of small rodents from open‐pit marble mining: effects on communities, populations, and individuals
Authors: WU Nan , WANG Yao , WANG Jie , ZHANG Yaqian , HU Baoshuang , GUO Jinyu , ZHENG Zhenfei , ZHOU Youbing
Published: February 2024

Mining can significantly alter landscapes, impacting wildlife and ecosystem functionality. Natural recovery in open‐pit mines is vital for habitat restoration and ecosystem re‐establishment, although few empirical studies have examined this process. Here, we assessed temporal and spatial responses of small rodents at the community, population, and individual levels during natural mine recovery. We examined the abundance, reproductive potential, and individual health of small rodents at active mines and at former mine sites left to recover naturally for approx. 10 and 20 years. We also assessed the effects of disturbance on rodent recovery processes at three distances from the mine boundary. Rodent numbers peaked after 10–13 years of recovery and exhibited the strongest male bias in the sex ratio. The Chinese white‐bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) was the most abundant species, achieving its highest population abundance at sites abandoned for 10–13 years and thriving at locations closer to the mine boundary. Only Chevrier's field mouse exhibited morphological responses to the mine recovery category. Ectoparasite load was unaffected by mine or distance‐disturbance categories. Both Chevrier's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) and the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco) were affected significantly by vegetation layer cover during recovery succession. Our study highlights the complexities of ecological succession, with a peak in abundance as pioneer communities transition toward a climax seral stage. Careful prior planning and active site management are necessary to optimize abandoned mine recovery. Efforts to accelerate mine recovery through technical restoration should promote conditions that initiate and perpetuate the establishment and succession of wildlife assemblages.
Changes in vegetation complexity during the development of rice ecosystems affect orb‐weaving spider‐prey trophic networks
Authors: Saksongmuang Venus , Michalko Radek , Petcharad Booppa , Bumrungsri Sara
Published: February 2024

Temporal change in vegetation complexity and field management may interactively affect the structure of predator–prey networks in agroecosystems and consequently alter the biocontrol potential of predators. There is a limited number of studies that have addressed these questions for generalist predator–prey networks.

We investigated how vegetation complexity during crop development and management type (conventional vs. organic) affect the trophic networks of orb‐weaving spiders and their prey in rainfed lowland rice ecosystems in southern Thailand. Specifically, we investigated orb‐weaving spiders and prey composition, prey selectivity and network structure.

Overall, orb‐weaving spiders captured mostly detritus‐associated Diptera, aquatic‐associated Ephemeroptera and Hemiptera pests. The increasing vegetation complexity during rice development significantly restructured the network of orb‐weaving spiders and prey, while field management had only a marginal effect. The increased vegetation complexity during rice development led to an increased number of weak trophic interactions in comparison to few but strong interactions in simple vegetation.

Our results indicate that increasing the number of spider species per prey taxon (prey vulnerability) in late rice season may enhance their top‐down control of prey including rice pests. This study also highlights that the network complexity and the stability of rice ecosystems increased during the rice growing season as the vegetation became more complex.

Future practices could look for a way to support the densities of detritus and aquatic insects and to artificially increase habitat complexity during the early stage of rice development to improve the biocontrol services provided by the orb‐weaving spiders.
Computed tomography and three dimensional anatomical study of the liver in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Dilek Ömer Gürkan , Dimitrov Rosen , Stamatova‐Yovcheva Kamelia , Ersen Mehmet , Yovchev David , Sabancı Seyyid Said , Karakurum Emine
Published: February 2024

Few instances of neoplastic formations in the liver of chinchillas have been found, even though the species is widely used in different scientific experiments. In the present article we investigate the anatomical features of the chinchilla's liver using CT and three dimension (3D) imaging. For the trials we used 12 (six males and six females) clinically healthy chinchillas all at 18 months of age. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency. We used Th8 to L2 vertebrae and the sternum as bone markers for the transverse CT study. The investigated anatomical landmarks for the CT coronal study were the vertebrae, costal arch, soft abdominal wall, diaphragm, stomach and the right kidney. 3D reconstructions were accomplished with a specific imaging software. On transverse and coronal CT images, the chinchilla's liver was composed of lobus hepatis sinister lateralis, ‘middle lobe’–without proper Latin term in NAV 2017, lobus hepatis dexter and lobus caudatus. The ‘middle lobe’ was separated into the ‘left middle lobe’ and the ‘right middle lobe’. Lobus hepatis dexter consisted of lobus hepatis dexter medialis and lobus hepatis dexter lateralis. There was an anatomical relation between the liver, fundus ventriculi and corpus ventriculi. Proc. caudatus was in close contact with the right kidney. Vesica fellea was elongated and ellipsoid. 3D reformatted images confirmed the results obtained by transverse and coronal CT studies. The CT density of the liver in HU was 195.6 ± 73.1. The CT and 3D reconstructed images were visualized at high resolution. This data could be used as a basis for further morphological and imaging studies.
Phenotypic characteristics of Danish patients with achromatopsia
Authors: Andersen Mette K. G. , Bertelsen Mette , Gundestrup Svend , Grønskov Karen , Kessel Line
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To describe the phenotype of Danish patients with genetically verified achromatopsia (ACHM) with special focus on signs of progression on structural or functional parameters, and possible genotype–phenotype correlations.

Methods

Forty‐eight patients were identified, with disease‐causing variants in five different genes: CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C and PDE6H. Longitudinal evaluation was possible for 11 patients and 27 patients participated in a renewed in‐depth phenotyping consisting of visual acuity assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, colour vision evaluation, contrast sensitivity, mesopic microperimetry and full‐field electroretinography. Foveal morphology was evaluated based on OCT images for all 48 patients using a grading system based on the integrity of the hyperreflective photoreceptor band, the inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISe). Signs of progression were evaluated based on longitudinal data and correlation with age.

Results

We found a statistically significant positive correlation between OCT grade and age (Spearman ρ = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and we observed changes in the foveal morphology in 2 of 11 patients with ≥5 years of follow‐up. We did not find any convincing correlation between age and functional parameters (visual acuity, retinal sensitivity and contrast sensitivity) nor did we find correlation between structural and functional parameters, or any clear genotype–phenotype correlation.

Conclusions

Some patients with ACHM demonstrate signs of progressive foveal changes in OCT characteristics with increasing age. This is relevant in terms of possible new treatments. However, functional characteristics, such as visual acuity, remained stable despite changing foveal structure. Thus, seen from a patient perspective, ACHM can still be considered a non‐progressive condition.
Ghrelin and depressive symptoms in patients with first‐episode drug‐naïve major depressive disorder: The mediating role of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis
Authors: Zhang Chuhao , Dong Yeqing , Li ShuHua , Li Meijuan , Gao Ying , Liu Yuan , Liu Xueying , Zhou Chi , Li Jie
Published: February 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the global burdens of disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. An increasing amount of research indicates that ghrelin regulates mood in patients with MDD. Still, current results are inconsistent, and the mechanisms underlying how ghrelin modulates depressive symptoms are inconclusive, especially in first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD patients. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship and potential mechanism between ghrelin and first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD.

Methods

Ninety first‐episode drug‐naïve MDD patients and 65 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐17) as a measure of depressive symptoms. Plasma levels of ghrelin and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA‐axis) hormones were measured in all participants.

Results

Compared to HCs, the ghrelin levels were higher in the MDD (p < .001) and still showed significance after covarying for sex, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Ghrelin was positively related to corticotropin‐releasing‐hormone (CRH) levels (r = .867, p < .001), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels (r = .830, p < .001), and cortisol levels (r = .902, p < .001) in partial correlation analysis. In addition, there was a positive correlation between HAMD total score and ghrelin levels (r = .240, p = .026). Other than that, the HAMD total score also had a positive correlation with the CRH (r = .333, p = .002) and cortisol (r = .307, p = .004) levels. Further mediation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score was mediated by CRH (ab‐path; β = .4457, 95% CI = 0.0780–1.0253, c‐path; β = .2447, p = .0260, c′‐path; β = −.2009, p = .3427).

Conclusions

These findings revealed that plasma ghrelin provides a pivotal link to depressive symptoms in first‐episode drug‐naive MDD patients. CRH mediated the relationship between ghrelin and HAMD total score. It might provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of MDD, contributing to intervention and treatment from this approach.
Editorial: Enhancing frailty assessment in liver transplantation candidates—The role of the Duke Activity Status Index in predicting mortality and guiding prehabilitation
Authors: Harris Sara J. , Stine Jonathan G.
Published: February 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Williams et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17834 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17874
Multi‐proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Skagerrak from the Lateglacial to Middle Holocene
Authors: Ownsworth Emma , Moros Matthias , Lloyd Jeremy , Bennike Ole , Jensen Jørn Bo , Blanz Thomas , Selby David
Published: February 2024

This study uses a multiproxy approach including the first use of 187Os/188Os, %C37:4 biomarkers, carbonate content, sedimentological grain size, geochemical X‐ray fluorescence and microfossil benthic foraminifera species combined with radiocarbon dating, measured on six cores from across the Skagerrak, in order to study the Lateglacial to Middle Holocene history of the area. A new chronostratigraphic framework is developed based on the appearance of specific benthic foraminifera species along with changes in carbonate/X‐ray fluorescence and grain size data. This allowed the correlation of cores based on a series of radiocarbon dated tie points. Analysing the cores together reveals several events recorded in the Skagerrak including: (i) an increased freshwater input (bracketed between 13.3 and 11.3 cal. ka BP) signified by radiogenic 187Os/188Os values, high %C37:4 values and an increase in sand content; (ii) the Glomma drainage event, signified by a sudden appearance of Valvulineria as well as higher %C37:4; and (iii) the opening of the Danish Straits and English Channel leading to the development of modern‐day conditions and circulation patterns in the Skagerrak, signified by the appearance of Hyalinea balthica and a fall in %C37:4.
TREM2 gene induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and promotes neuronal repair via TGF‐β activation in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liang Hanbai , Liu Ping , Wang Zijing , Xiong Huan , Yin Cheng , Zhao Dongdong , Wu Chunhui , Chen Longyi
Published: February 2024

Objective

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold a promising potential for rescuing dopaminergic neurons in therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study clarifies a TREM2‐dependent mechanism explaining the function of iPSC differentiation in neuronal repair of PD.

Methods

PD‐related differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analyses and their expression was verified using RT‐qPCR in nigral tissues of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice. Following ectopic expression and depletion experiments in iPSCs, cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons as well as the expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT was measured. Stereotaxic injection of 6‐OHDA was used to develop a mouse model of PD, which was injected with iPSC suspension overexpressing TREM2 to verify the effect of TREM2 on neuronal repair.

Results

TREM2 was poorly expressed in the nigral tissues of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice. In the presence of TREM2 overexpression, the iPSCs showed increased expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT, which facilitated the differentiation of iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TREM2 activated the TGF‐β pathway and induced iPSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. In vivo data showed that iPSCs overexpressing TREM2 enhanced neuronal repair in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned mice.

Conclusion

This work identifies a mechanistic insight for TREM2‐mediated TGF‐β activation in the regulation of neuronal repair in PD and suggests novel strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
Calcium‐induced structural transitions are central to the folding, function, and processing of serratiopeptidase zymogen into mature form
Authors: Srivastava Vishal , Bandhu Sheetal , Mishra Shivam , Chaudhuri Tapan K.
Published: February 2024

Serratia marcescens is an emerging health‐threatening, gram‐negative opportunistic pathogen associated with a wide variety of localized and life‐threatening systemic infections. One of the most crucial virulence factors produced by S. marcescens is serratiopeptidase, a 50.2‐kDa repeats‐in‐toxin (RTX) family broad‐specificity zinc metalloprotease. RTX family proteins are functionally diverse exoproteins of gram‐negative bacteria that exhibit calcium‐dependent structural dynamicity and are secreted through a common type‐1 secretion system (T1SS) machinery. To evaluate the impact of various divalent ligands on the folding and maturation of serratiopeptidase zymogen, the protein was purified and a series of structural and functional investigations were undertaken. The results indicate that calcium binding to the C‐terminal RTX domain acts as a folding switch, triggering a disordered‐to‐ordered transition in the enzyme's conformation. Further, the auto‐processing of the 16‐amino acid N‐terminal pro‐peptide results in the maturation of the enzyme. The binding of calcium ions to serratiopeptidase causes a highly cooperative conformational transition in its structure, which is essential for the enzyme's activation and maturation. This conformational change is accompanied by an increase in solubility and enzymatic activity. For efficient secretion and to minimize intracellular toxicity, the enzyme needs to be in an unfolded extended form. The calcium‐rich extracellular environment favors the folding and processing of zymogen into mature serratiopeptidase, i.e., the holo‐form required by S. marcescens to establish infections and survive in different environmental niches.
Multifaceted well‐being experienced by community dwelling older adults engaged in volunteering activities of frailty prevention in Japan
Authors: Matsuda Yaka , Baba Ayako , Sugawara Ikuko , Son Bo‐Kyung , Iijima Katsuya
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study aims to elucidate what volunteering activities mean for older adults in Japan by analyzing their emotions and evaluations from hedonic (e.g., happiness), eudaimonic (e.g., self‐growth), and social (e.g., social coherence) well‐being.

Methods

The qualitative research was conducted to describe the subjective experience of older adults' volunteering activities (frailty checkups) in the community‐setting. Eight older adults were interviewed about their experiences during these activities. The interview data were analyzed from two assumption frameworks: first, three aspects of well‐being, and second, timeframes of well‐being, during the activity, medium‐term, and long‐term. Previous studies have not focused on the polysemy or the timeframe of well‐being.

Results

Our results showed that hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being are not independent, but overlap. Furthermore, even if older adults experience certain emotions at a point of time, they may change in the long term. This implies that it is important to analyze older adults' feelings and experiences from not only one aspect but from different perspectives and measure their feelings not just at a particular moment but in the long term. This is the first empirical study to examine qualitatively the holistic experiences of well‐being among older adults who volunteer.

Conclusions

We conclude that this study is unique in that it attempted to associate empirically the experiences of older adults during volunteering with their general psychological status of well‐being. These findings could help make volunteering activities more meaningful for older adults and create or promote an active community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 273–278.
‘I am proud of how I handled it’. Exploring the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions on well‐being of adults with severe mental illness using qualitative methods
Authors: van Rijn L. , Metz M. J. , van der Velden P. R. , Mathijsen P. , Swildens W. E. , Schellekens A. F. A. , Cahn W. , Milota M. M. , Zinkstok J. R.
Published: February 2024

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and related restrictions globally impacted mental health, particularly for those with pre‐existing severe mental illness (SMI). This qualitative study examined how adults with SMI perceived the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions in the Netherlands, focusing on their personal recovery, well‐being and daily life, including an exploration of factors influencing these effects.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied. Purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity of individuals with SMI (i.e., age, gender, diagnosis, cultural background and mental healthcare institution).

Results

Twenty participants (median age: 45 years [SD: 12, 8]; 11 females) were interviewed between May and July 2023. Findings revealed a wide range of experiences: while some individuals reported a negative impact on their existing psychiatric symptoms, others described adaptability, resilience and even positive effects of COVID‐19 restrictions on their mental health and well‐being. Factors influencing the heterogeneic perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions include the availability of trusted social relationships and enduring interactions with health professionals.

Conclusion

Personalised support, both socially and professionally, is crucial for addressing fears, building resilience, reducing isolation and encouraging positive coping strategies for individuals with SMI during external crises. In this project, a participatory research approach that integrated the lived experience perspective helped uncover the unique perceptions of people with SMI with regard to the pandemic and related restrictions.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study used a participatory action research approach, with experts‐by‐experience involved in every stage of the project as part of the research team. This included engagement with the funding application process, recruitment strategies for interviews, developing the interview guide, piloting the interview, interpreting findings, and knowledge dissemination activities.
Mental health recovery in a collectivist society: Saudi consumers, carers and nurses' shared perspectives
Authors: Hawsawi Tahani , Appleton Jessica , Al‐Adah Rawan , Al‐Mutairy Abdulraheem , Sinclair Peter , Wilson Amanda
Published: February 2024

In 2019, the World Health Organization urged a global shift towards recovery‐focused practices in mental health care. In Western nations, this transition often prioritised individualism over collectivism. In contrast, collectivist societies prioritise recovery through community and social support. This study explored mental health recovery from the perspectives of consumers, carers and registered nurses in a mainly collectivist society (Saudi Arabia) using a qualitative exploratory descriptive design. Sixteen consumers, ten carers and eight registered nurses participated in online semi‐structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyse English‐translated versions of the 34 interviews. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies 32‐item checklist were used. The study found that recovery was perceived as a process of transforming towards living a meaningful life of goals and values supported by trusted people who share moments of comfort and empowerment. A unique finding was the ‘bond of recovery’ a collectivist value that aid consumers' community integration in society. Saudi consumers' experiences of recovery were similar to consumers' movement narratives of recovery. Future research should establish a recovery‐focused educational program that incorporates our findings into a recovery‐oriented approach. This will facilitate providing a collaborative care between consumers, carers and nurses that centres around consumers' recovery goals and values.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of adverse outcomes in heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kroshian Garen , Joseph Jacob , Kinlay Scott , Peralta Adelqui O. , Hoffmeister Peter S. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Yuyun Matthew F.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently co‐exist. Contemporary classification of HF categorizes it into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Aggregate data comparing the risk profile of AF between these three HF categories are lacking.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed at determining any significant differences in AF‐associated all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, cardiovascular mortality (CV), and stroke between HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until February 28, 2023. Data were combined using DerSimonian‐Laird random effects model.

Results

A total of 22 studies comprising 248 323 patients were retained: HFrEF 123 331 (49.7%), HFmrEF 40 995 (16.5%), and HFpEF 83 997 (33.8%). Pooled baseline AF prevalence was 36% total population, 30% HFrEF, 36% HFmrEF, and 42% HFpEF. AF was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality in the total population with pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07−1.21), HFmrEF (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05−1.50) and HFpEF (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09−1.24), but not HFrEF (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.93−1.14). AF was associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalizations in the total population (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14−1.46), HFmrEF (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20−2.24), and HFpEF (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17−1.83), but not HFrEF (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87−1.18). AF was only associated with CV in the HFpEF subcategory but was associated with stroke in all three HF subtypes.

Conclusions

AF appears to be associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization in HFmrEF and HFpEF. With these findings, the paucity of data and treatment guidelines on AF in the HFmrEF subgroup becomes even more significant and warrant further investigations.
Gut bacterial community of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is driven by rice varieties
Authors: Lin Sheng , Zhang Bang , Li Qiang , Li Xue‐wen , Guo Qi‐tang , Chen Wen‐le , Jiao Hui‐yu , Akutse Komivi Senyo , Zhu Xiang‐zhen
Published: February 2024

To understand the effect of diet on gut bacteria of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaf folder, RLF), we compared the composition and diversity of gut bacterial community in C. medinalis larvae collected from three different rice variety fields of Minghui 82 (RLF1), Youngyong 15 (RLF2) and Minghui 2155 (RLF3), using culture‐independent PCR (V3 variable region)‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) methods and hypervariable region (V4) of 16S rRNA sequenced by Illumina HiSeq platform. The DGGE result showed that the bacteria genera Asaia, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter and Serratia coexisted in the guts of RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3, while Cedecea, Burkholderia and Acinetobacter coexisted in the guts of RLF2 and RLF3. However, only the genus Enterococcus existed in the guts of RLF1, and Pantoea, Wolbachia and Tumebacillus in RLF3 larvae. A total of 25 bacterial phyla, 48 classes, 127 orders, 223 families, and 406 genera were identified when using 16s RNA sequencing, with 35 genera coexisted in RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3 larval guts, while 83, 36, 141 unique genera existed in RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3, respectively. The indices of ACE and Shannon were not significantly different among RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3. The dominant bacterial taxa were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and Acinetobacter and Wolbachia at the genus level. The relative genus abundance for the genera with relative abundance (≥0.01) was significantly different among RLF1, RLF2 and RLF3. The findings indicated that different rice varieties had significant effects on the relative abundance of gut bacteria in RLF, which could provide new insights into the relationship between insect gut bacteria and their associated host plants.
Assessing effectiveness of adding niosomal atorvastatin 1% ointment to topical calcineurin inhibitor treatment in non‐segmental vitiligo
Authors: Zartab Hamed , Aflatoonian Mahin , Shamsi‐Meymandi Simin , Pardakhty Abbas , Isazadeh Ahdie , Firooz Alireza , Amiri Rezvan
Published: February 2024

Background

Treatment of vitiligo is still a big challenge for dermatologists. The efficacy of statins in the treatment of vitiligo is controversial.

Aim and Objective

We studied possible therapeutic effect of topical 1% niosomal atorvastatin ointment combined with topical 0.1% tacrolimus in treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo.

Methods

This is a triple blind, pilot, randomized placebo‐controlled trial (RCT) that was performed in dermatology clinic. All the patients used topical 0.1% tacrolimus cream twice daily (BD). Moreover, the intervention group participants used topical 1% niosomal atorvastatin ointment, and control group participants were prescribed placebo ointment, BD. Patients were evaluated using vitiligo area surface index (VASI) score and patients' satisfaction at baseline and after 3 months treatment.

Results

The mean patient satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 5 ± 1.4 and 3.5 ± 1.9; the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.9). We found statistically significant difference in VASI score before and after treatment in both intervention and control groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). However, comparison of the VASI score between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). We also found no significant correlation between VASI score and other variables.

Conclusion

The result of this study indicates that adding of niosomal atorvastatin 1% ointment to topical calcineurin inhibitor has no additional effect on non‐segmental type of vitiligo. Further large studies with different combinations are recommended before any conclusive result can be concluded on efficacy of statins in vitiligo.
Ethnicity and UK graduate migration: An identity economics approach
Authors: Brophy Sean
Published: February 2024

This paper reports on the employment migration behavior of non‐White ethnic minority graduates in the United Kingdom for the 2018/2019 graduation cohort, which is the last cohort to enter the labor market before the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using data from the new Graduate Outcomes survey and controlling for a rich set of background characteristics, the findings indicate that ethnic minority graduates are more likely than their White counterparts to find work in ethnically diverse areas of the United Kingdom after leaving higher education. An identity utility framework is then formalized that combines identity economics with traditional approaches of human capital theory and job search theory. A test of an ethnic identity‐based hypothesis reveals that Asian, Black, and Mixed‐background graduates are comparatively more likely to migrate to areas with higher ethnic diversity levels, rather than less diverse areas. In addition to traditional explanations based on human capital theory and job search theory, this paper argues that these patterns are best explained by ethnic identity norms, which introduce a preference for working in ethnically diverse places. However, the results should be interpreted with some caution because of concerns related to heterogeneity within the ethnic group classifications used in the paper and possible omitted and unobserved variables.
Correlation between urine anion gap and urine ammonia‐creatinine ratio in healthy cats and cats with kidney disease
Authors: Berman Alyssa R. , Specht Andrew J. , Castro Rebeca A. , Cooke Kirsten L. , Gilor Shir , Harris Autumn N.
Published: February 2024

Background

Ammonium excretion decreases as kidney function decreases in several species, including cats, and may have predictive or prognostic value in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urine ammonia measurement is not readily available in clinical practice, and urine anion gap (UAG) has been proposed as a surrogate test.

Objectives

Evaluate the correlation between urine ammonia‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) and UAG in healthy cats and those with CKD and determine if a significant difference exists between UAG of healthy cats and cats with CKD.

Animals

Urine samples collected from healthy client‐owned cats (n = 59) and those with stable CKD (n = 17).

Methods

Urine electrolyte concentrations were measured using a commercial chemistry analyzer and UAG was calculated as ([sodium] + [potassium]) − [chloride]. Urine ammonia and creatinine concentrations had been measured previously using commercially available enzymatic assays and used to calculate UACR. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between UAG and UACR was calculated for both groups. The UAG values of healthy cats and cats with CKD were assessed using the Mann‐Whitney test (P < .05).

Results

The UAG was inversely correlated with UACR in healthy cats (P < .002, r0 = −0.40) but not in cats with CKD (P = .55; r0 = −0.15). A significant difference was found between UAG in healthy cats and those with CKD (P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The UAG calculation cannot be used as a substitute for UACR in cats. The clinical relevance of UAG differences between healthy cats and those with CKD remains unknown.
Interindividual variation among Culex pipiens larvae in terms of thermal response
Authors: Sakaci Zafer , Talay Sengul , Erguler Kamil , Korkmaz Adil , Sirin Deniz , Er Aylin , Alten Bulent , Kar Sirri
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the phenological characteristics of thermal responses in the larvae of a Culex pipiens complex field population at the individual level under the influence of thermal regime of its habitat. The analysis is based on a structured population model quantifying the thermal responses of development time and survival under variable conditions and characterising the variety between the larvae (interindividual variety). During the study performed in Turkish Thrace on a monthly basis between May 2021 and June 2022, a total of 3744 larvae were reared as peer larval cohorts and 2330 larvae as siblings in artificial containers to be fully exposed to the natural thermal condition that was recorded hourly. The development process of larvae was monitored daily from egg to adult. As a result, a total of 4788 adult mosquitoes emerged, with a development period ranging from 8 to 52 days in the females and 7 to 50 days in the males, and the survival rate was found to range from 0% to 100%. Both parameters varied by month and individuals, and the variations manifested itself, particularly in the colder periods. The results indicate that the variation between the individuals in terms of thermal response in the larvae of C. pipiens, along with the thermal acclimation ability, appears to be fate determinant in resisting fluctuating thermal regimes, surviving in concurrent climate change and adapting to new conditions with modifications in the seasonal phenology, such as maintaining reproductive dynamics throughout the winter thanks to global warming.