bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot tandem conversion of monosaccharides and disaccharides to 2,5-diformylfuran using a Ru nanoparticle-supported H-beta catalyst
Authors: Sarmah Bhaskar , Satpati Biswarup , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: April 2018

Using a one-pot tandem approach, 2,5-diformylfuran is successfully synthesized in high yields from fructose, glucose and sucrose.
A comparative study of EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine on Aβ42 induced cognitive deficiency in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Che Hongxia , Li Qian , Zhang Tiantian , Ding Lin , Zhang Lingyu , Shi Haohao , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Xue Changhu , Chang Yaoguang , Wang Yuming
Published: April 2018

The possible molecular mechanism of EPA-pPE and EPA-PE on AD.
Hypercrosslinked microporous polymer sorbents for the efficient recycling of a soluble acid catalyst in cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Woodward Robert T. , Kessler Martin , Lima Sérgio , Rinaldi Roberto
Published: April 2018

The use of hypercrosslinked microporous polymers overcomes the difficulties in the recycling of soluble acid catalysts within the lignocellulosic biorefinery improving the sustainability of cellulose hydrolysis and several other transformations.
Modification of TiO2 nanotubes with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and its performances in nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Duong Hong Phan , Hung Chia-Hsiang , Dao Hung Cuong , Le Minh Duc , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: April 2018

Improved thermal, mechanical and anticorrosion characteristics of epoxy-based coatings.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots with high PLQY and enhanced carrier mobility through crystallinity control by solvent engineering and solid-state ligand exchange
Authors: Woo Choi Jin , Woo Hee Chul , Huang Xiaoguang , Jung Wan-Gil , Kim Bong-Joong , Jeon Sie-Wook , Yim Sang-Youp , Lee Jae-Suk , Lee Chang-Lyoul
Published: April 2018

PLQY and charge carrier mobility of perovskite quantum QDs were enhanced by the optimization of crystallinity and solid-state ligand exchange.
Long-range single domain array of a 5 nm pattern of supramolecules via solvent annealing in a double-sandwich cell
Authors: Kwon Kiok , Park Kangho , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: April 2018

Fabrication of a large-area single domain array of supramolecular columns via solvent annealing in a double-sandwich cell.
Hierarchical nanopores formed by block copolymer lithography on the surfaces of different materials pre-patterned by nanosphere lithography
Authors: Brassat Katharina , Kool Daniel , Bürger Julius , Lindner Jörg K. N.
Published: April 2018

Block copolymer lithography for the nanopatterning of Au, Pt and TiO2 surfaces is presented; by combining this technique with nanosphere lithography, we create hierarchical nanopores.
Buckminsterfullerene hybridized zinc oxide tetrapods: defects and charge transfer induced optical and electrical response
Authors: Smazna Daria , Rodrigues Joana , Shree Sindu , Postica Vasile , Neubüser Gero , Martins A. F. , Ben Sedrine N. , Jena Naresh K. , Siebert Leonard , Schütt Fabian , Lupan Oleg , Ahuja Rajeev , Correia M. R. , Monteiro Teresa , Kienle Lorenz , Yang Ya , Adelung Rainer , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: April 2018

ZnO tetrapods–C60 based hybrid materials show interesting defect mediated optical and electrical responses which could be suitable for various applications.
A long-chain protic ionic liquid inside silica nanopores: enhanced proton mobility due to efficient self-assembly and decoupled proton transport
Authors: Garaga Mounesha N. , Dracopoulos Vassilios , Werner-Zwanziger Ulrike , Zwanziger Josef W. , Maréchal Manuel , Persson Michael , Nordstierna Lars , Martinelli Anna
Published: April 2018

Enhanced protonic and ionic dynamics in an imidazole/protic ionic liquid mixture confined in nanopores.
Platinum nanoparticles: a non-toxic, effective and thermally stable alternative plasmonic material for cancer therapy and bioengineering
Authors: Samadi Akbar , Klingberg Henrik , Jauffred Liselotte , Kjær Andreas , Bendix Poul Martin , Oddershede Lene B.
Published: April 2018

Platinum nanoparticles strongly absorb near infrared (NIR) light which penetrates deep into biological tissue. Platinum nanoparticles easily reach high temperatures, are exceptionally thermally stable and non-toxic, thus making them highly attractive and effective for photo-thermal treatment of cancer.
Preparation of porous MoP-C microspheres without a hydrothermal process as a high capacity anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yang Xia , Li Qin , Wang Huijun , Feng Jing , Zhang Min , Yuan Ruo , Chai Yaqin
Published: April 2018

Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) is one promising electro-active material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in view of its high theoretical capacity.
Mechanistic studies on the atmosphere and light tuned synthesis of cyclobuta/penta[b]indoles
Authors: Cao Bo , Wei Yin , Ye Chen , Wu Li-Zhu , Shi Min
Published: April 2018

The mechanism of the atmosphere and light tuned highly diastereoselective synthesis of cyclobuta/penta[b]indoles has been systematically investigated using kinetic and spectroscopic methods.
2,3-Allenoic acids via palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of propargylic alcohols
Authors: Zheng Wei-Feng , Zhang Wanli , Huang Jianhao , Yu Yibo , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2018

The first example of Pd-catalyzed carboxylation of propargylic alcohols in the presence of CO (1 atm) and water affording 2,3-allenoic acids has been developed.
Photoluminescence properties of a Ce3+ doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphor with good thermal stability
Authors: Wang Baochen , Liu Yangai , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao
Published: April 2018

This study mainly reports an investigation about the crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of a Ce3+ doped alkaline earth metal silicate Sr3MgSi2O8.
Simple and rapid monitoring of doxorubicin using streptavidin-modified microparticle-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay
Authors: Liang Junyu , Zhang Zhigao , Zhao Hui , Wan Shanhe , Zhai Xiangming , Zhou Jianwei , Liang Rongliang , Deng Qiaoting , Wu Yingsong , Lin Guanfeng
Published: April 2018

Simple, rapid SA-MPs based TRFIA, is applied in therapeutic drug monitoring and the analytical performance is comparable with LC-MS/MS.
Correction: β-Carotene: a natural osteogen to fabricate osteoinductive electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Dabouian Atiyeh , Bakhshi Hadi , Irani Shiva , Pezeshki-Modaress Mohamad
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘β-Carotene: a natural osteogen to fabricate osteoinductive electrospun scaffolds’ by Atiyeh Dabouian et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 9941–9945.
Highly dispersed and disordered nickel–iron layered hydroxides and sulphides: robust and high-activity water oxidation catalysts
Authors: Chatti Manjunath , Glushenkov Alexey M. , Gengenbach Thomas , Knowles Gregory P. , Mendes Tiago C. , Ellis Amanda V. , Spiccia Leone , Hocking Rosalie K. , Simonov Alexandr N.
Published: April 2018

A rapid low-temperature microwave-assisted synthesis of nickel(iron) layered hydroxides and sulphides that exhibit robust catalytic activity for electrooxidation of alkaline water is introduced.
Electrolyte solutions at heterogeneously charged substrates
Authors: Mußotter Maximilian , Bier Markus , Dietrich S.
Published: April 2018

Fluid density profiles sensitively depend on the type of interaction and on the lateral structure and distribution of interaction sites.
Near-infrared light-triggered drug release from UV-responsive diblock copolymer-coated upconversion nanoparticles with high monodispersity
Authors: Xiang Jun , Tong Xia , Shi Feng , Yan Qiang , Yu Bing , Zhao Yue
Published: April 2018

The preparation of a new near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanocarrier for controlled drug release is demonstrated.
The chemistry of CVD graphene
Authors: Plutnar Jan , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: April 2018

This review covers all aspects of possible graphene synthesis by CVD deposition and epitaxial growth, its doping and chemical modifications published to date.
Core/shell structured halloysite/polyaniline nanotubes with enhanced electrochromic properties
Authors: Hu Fei , Xu Jianlong , Zhang Sihang , Jiang Jie , Yan Bin , Gu Yingchun , Jiang Mengjin , Lin Shaojian , Chen Sheng
Published: April 2018

Novel halloysite/polyaniline core/shell structure nanocomposites with remarkable electrochromic performances are fabricated by in situ chemical polymerization for electrochromic applications.
Horizon detection in maritime images using scene parsing network
Authors: Jeong C.Y. , Yang H.S. , Moon K.D.
Published: April 2018

A method for horizon detection in maritime scenes using a scene parsing network is proposed. First, each pixel from an input image is segmented into corresponding semantic categories using a scene parsing network, which relies on a deep neural network. Then, the boundary information related to the horizon and the sea is extracted. Scene segmentation allows the proposed method to identify the horizon, regardless of whether the boundary between the sea and sky is smooth or blurry, or whether the image contains many line elements like the horizon. Moreover, least squares and median filtering are iteratively used to retrieve an accurate estimation of the horizon line. Experimental results demonstrate the superior accuracy of the proposed method to identify the horizon when compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Chance‐constrained scheduling model of grid‐connected microgrid based on probabilistic and robust optimisation
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Wang Xiuli , Guo Jingli , Huang Minghuang , Wu Xiong
Published: April 2018

This study presents a chance‐constrained scheduling model based on probabilistic and robust optimisation to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy generation and loads in microgrids. In order to generate appropriate scenarios, a large number of scenarios are generated by a Latin hypercube sampling Monte Carlo method and reduced by a fast forward selection algorithm. With the aggregated scenarios, a probabilistic scheduling model is established to obtain the expectation of schedules in different probability scenario. Aiming at taking full use of the generated scenarios, a robust optimisation is applied to the probabilistic model to consider the worst situations. The scheduling model proposed in this study combines the probabilistic and robust optimisation, in which the probabilistic one utilises the aggregated scenarios to introduce the probability characteristic of uncertainty and the robust one utilises the eliminated scenarios to consider the worst case of uncertainty. Finally, the proposed scheduling model is applied to a designed grid‐connected microgrid, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling model.
Facile synthesis of nano‐structured SnO2 films and their properties in ethanol gas sensing
Authors: Wang Ying , Yu Hongbin , Suo Hui , Wang Xinhong , Lu Ying , Zhu Suiyi , Yang Xia
Published: April 2018

Four types of nano‐structured SnO2 thin films were synthesised via a facile one‐step hydrothermal method on Ti substrate. All the films were prepared by using SnCl4 and NaOH as the precursors with urea, mercaptoacetic acid or sodium citrate as the adjusting reagent. The prepared films were characterised by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their properties in ethanol gas sensing were examined. It was found that addition of organic reagents resulted in the formation of different nano‐scaled morphologies, i.e. nanowires, nanonets, transparent nanosheets and nanograsses. The characterisation of XPS indicated that SnO2 was successfully deposited. The gas sensing experiments revealed that morphologies of the nano‐SnO2 films had a great effect on their gas sensing properties. The possible reasons involved were presented.
Constructing a refined model of small bodies in the solar system
Authors: Li J. , Sun Y.-S.
Published: April 2018

Aims. We construct a new arc model to represent the global perturbation induced by the Jupiter Trojans for the development of the modern planetary ephemerides.

Methods. The Jupiter Trojans are divided into two groups: (1) the 226 biggest ones with absolute magnitudes H < 11, have well determined masses and are treated as individual bodies; (2) the remaining small ones with H ≥ 11, are modeled by two discrete arcs centered at Jupiter’s L4 and L5 points, respectively. Then we derived the parameters characterizing the arcs, such as the total mass, the mass ratio, and the spatial distributions. Uncertainties on the fitted parameters have also been taken into account.

Results. We find that the total mass of all the Jupiter Trojans, including the undiscovered ones, is most likely about 1.861 × 10−5 Earth mass. Then the global perturbation of the trojan population induced on the Earth–Mars distance is numerically estimated to be about 70 m during the 2014–2114 time interval. We also give a simple analytic expression. For the satellites of Mars and Jupiter, however, the change of the distance between the Earth and a satellite can be much more significant, reaching on tens of thousands of meters over one century, due to perturbations of the Jupiter Trojans.
Investigation the influences of B2O3and R2O on the structure and crystallization behaviors of CaO–Al2O3based F-free mold flux
Authors: Li Jiangling , Kong Bowen , Gao Xiangyu , Liu Qingcai , Shu Qifeng , Chou Kuochih
Published: April 2018

The influences of B2O3and R2O on the structure and crystallization of CaO–Al2O3based F-free mold flux were investigated by Raman Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique, respectively, for developing a new type of F-free mold flux. The results of structural investigations showed that B3+is mainly in the form of [BO3]. And [BO3] appears to form BIII–O–Al linkage which will produce a positive effect on forming [AlO4] network. The number of bridging oxygen and the degree of polymerization of [AlO4] network structure for CaO–Al2O3system were also increased with the increasing of B2O3. On the contrary, with the addition of R2O into CaO–Al2O3–B2O3system, the number of bridging oxygen and the degree of polymerization of [AlO4] network were decreased. DSC results showed that the crystallization process became more sluggish with the increase of B2O3, which indicated that the crystallization ability was weakened. While the quenched mold fluxes crystallized more rapidly when introducing R2O. In other word, the crystallization rates of CaO–Al2O3based slags were accelerated by the introduction of R2O. The liquidus temperature and crystallization temperature were decreased with the increasing amount of B2O3or by addition of R2O into CaO–Al2O3system. Only one kind of crystal was precipitated in 8% B2O3and %R2O-containing samples, which was CaAl2O4identified by SEM-EDS. When the content of B2O3increased from 8% to 16%, Ca3B2O6is clearly observed, demonstrating that the crystallization ability of Ca3B2O6is enhanced by the increasing concentration of B2O3in mold flux. The Ca/Al ratio of the generated calcium aluminate has been altered from 1:2 to 1:4 with the increasing of B2O3. The size of CaAl2O4crystal is gradually increased with the addition of R2O. The crystallization ability of CaAl2O4is promoted by R2O.
Application of hydrometallurgy techniques in quartz processing and purification: a review
Authors: Lin Min , Lei Shaomin , Pei Zhenyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Xia Zhangjie , Xie Feixiang
Published: April 2018

Although there have been numerous studies on separation and purification of metallic minerals by hydrometallurgy techniques, applications of the chemical techniques in separation and purification of non-metallic minerals are rarely reported. This paper reviews disparate areas of study into processing and purification of quartz (typical non-metallic ore) in an attempt to summarize current work, as well as to suggest potential for future consolidation in the field. The review encompasses chemical techniques of the quartz processing including situations, progresses, leaching mechanism, scopes of application, advantages and drawbacks of micro-bioleaching, high temperature leaching, high temperature pressure leaching and catalyzed high temperature pressure leaching. Traditional leaching techniques including micro-bioleaching and high temperature leaching are unequal to demand of modern glass industry for quality of quartz concentrate because the quartz products has to be further processed. High temperature pressure leaching and catalyzed high temperature pressure leaching provide new ways to produce high-grade quartz sand with only one process and lower acid consumption. Furthermore, the catalyzed high temperature pressure leaching realizes effective purification of quartz with extremely low acid consumption (no using HF or any fluoride). It is proposed that, by integrating the different chemical processes of quartz processing and expounding leaching mechanisms and scopes of application, the research field as a monopolized industry would benefit.
Enantioselective Biginelli Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid: A Key Step in the Synthesis of the Bicyclic Guanidine Core of Crambescin A and Batzelladine A
Authors: Guo Yongbiao , Zou Chuanpin , Gao Zhenhua , Fan Chongxu , Chen Jisheng , Li Junchen , Huang Yongpeng , Huang Guilan , Yu Huilan
Published: April 2018

An efficient chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of optically pure 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones has been developed, with a wide range of the desired products being obtained in moderate to high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee after one recrystallization). The synthetic utility of this reaction is illustrated in various aliphatic bicyclic guanidine compounds, which is applied in the formal synthesis of the bicyclic guanidine core of crambescin A and batzelladine A.
Copper-Catalyzed S-Arylation of Arylthioureas by Using Diaryl­iodonium Salts
Authors: Li Yue-Sheng , Dong Zhi-Bing , Zhu Hui , Liu Xing , Cheng Yu , Peng Han-Ying
Published: April 2018

A convenient and efficient copper-catalyzed S-arylation of arylthioureas using diaryliodonium salts is reported. The desired arylisothioureas were synthesized in good yields in the presence of CuCl as catalyst and K2CO3 as base, and a wide variety of functional groups on the arylthioureas and diaryliodonium salts were tolerated. The protocol affords an alternative synthesis of some potentially useful biological and pharmaceutical compounds.
The Role of Lung Ultrasound in Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Yousef Nadya , De Luca Daniele
Published: April 2018

Despite being a bedside technique under rapid development and diffusion, lung ultrasound has not been often used in the management of viral low respiratory tract infections, although these infections represent a significant burden of care in neonatology and pediatrics. The aim of this article is to review the lung ultrasound findings and the evidence-based data available on this topic. Guidance on bedside imaging interpretation and future research direction are also discussed in this article.
Is Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Necessary or “Only” Helpful or Just a Fashion?
Authors: Bresesti Ilia , Fabbri Laura , Lista Gianluca
Published: April 2018

In the 1990s, the most relevant pillars in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have been improvements in ventilation strategies, the introduction of exogenous surfactant replacement therapy, and the use of antenatal steroids. Lately, in addition to the standard INSURE (INtubation–SURfactant administration–Extubation) method to administer surfactant, a new technique has been gaining increasing popularity. It is the so-called less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) method, which has shown promising results in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia development and in reducing mortality in preterm neonates. The rationale behind this technique is to avoid positive pressure ventilation and the endotracheal tube, being surfactant delivered through a thin catheter while the neonate is maintained on continuous positive airway pressure. Given the paucity of large-scale randomized trials on LISA method to prove its effects on short- and long-term outcomes, some questions still remain unanswered. Then, uncertainty regarding the feasibility of this maneuver needs to be better clarified before gaining wide acceptance in routine clinical practice. In our report, we aim at hypothesizing the main mechanisms behind the efficacy of LISA, considering it as a single maneuver in a comprehensive approach for RDS management in the delivery room.
Predicting the Future: Delivery Room Planning of Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosed by Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Donofrio Mary
Published: April 2018

Advances in prenatal imaging have improved the examination of the fetal cardiovascular system. Fetal echocardiography facilitates the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) and through sequential examination, allows assessment of fetal cardiac hemodynamics, predicting the evolution of anatomical and functional cardiovascular abnormalities in utero and during the transition to a postnatal circulation at delivery. This approach allows detailed diagnosis with prenatal counseling and enables planning to define perinatal management, selecting the fetuses at a risk of postnatal hemodynamic instability who are likely to require a specialized delivery plan. The prenatal diagnosis and management of critical neonatal CHD has been shown to play an important role in improving the outcome of newborns with these conditions, allowing timely stabilization of the circulation prior to cardiac intervention or surgery, thus reducing the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic protocols aimed at risk-stratifying severity and potential postnatal compromise in fetuses with CHD have been developed to identify those who may require special intervention at birth or within the first days of life. In addition, new methodologies are being studied to improve the accuracy of prediction of disease severity. Perinatal management of neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD requires a close collaboration between obstetric, neonatal, and cardiology services. In this article, the management of fetuses with CHD will be discussed, along with summarizing the in utero and fetal echocardiographic findings used for risk stratification of newborns with CHD and reviewing the basic principles used for planning for neonatal resuscitation and initial transitional care of these complex newborns.
The Mother–Child Relationship during the First Months of Life: Preliminary Considerations in Preterm as Compared with Term Mother–Infant Dyads
Authors: Spairani S. , Pisoni C. , Ariaudo G. , Moncecchi M. , Balottin U. , Tinelli C. , Gardella B. , Politi P. , Tzialla Chryssoula , Stronati Mauro , Orcesi S. , Manzoni Paolo
Published: April 2018

Introduction From the prognostic perspective, the quality of the mother–child relationship during the first months of life has been variously associated with different factors such as the child's psychomotor/cognitive development and emotional–behavioral disorders.

Methods The main aim of this study was to describe, at term age and 3 months of corrected age, the features and the prevalent patterns of the mother–child relationship in a group of 20 mother–preterm infant dyads and to compare them with those of a group of 20 mother–term infant dyads.

Results A relatively high rate of inadequate dyadic synchrony was found in our sample of preterms at 40 weeks of gestational age (half of the sample analyzed). The quality of the dyadic relationship and the prevalent patterns of the mother–child relationship were found to differ between the two groups we studied; moreover, the subjects at risk of relational problems remained substantially the same during the first 3 months of life.

Discussion These data underline that in preterm children, the first weeks of life, coinciding with their hospitalization, represent a crucial time for establishing a valid dyadic relationship and for considering and planning any preventive interventions; after all, the earlier the risk of relational problems becomes a real possibility, the more likely it is to negatively impact on a child's overall development.
Determining Inappropriate Medication Alerts from “Inaccurate Warning” Overrides in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rehr Christine , Wong Adrian , Seger Diane , Bates David
Published: April 2018

Objective This article aims to understand provider behavior around the use of the override reason “Inaccurate warning,” specifically whether it is an effective way of identifying unhelpful medication alerts.

Materials and Methods We analyzed alert overrides that occurred in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a major academic medical center between June and November 2016, focused on the following high-significance alert types: dose, drug-allergy alerts, and drug–drug interactions (DDI). Override appropriateness was analyzed by two independent reviewers using predetermined criteria.

Results A total of 268 of 26,501 ICU overrides (1.0%) used the reason “Inaccurate warning,” with 93 of these overrides associated with our included alert types. Sixty-one of these overrides (66%) were identified to be appropriate. Twenty-one of 30 (70%) dose alert overrides were appropriate. Forty of 48 drug-allergy alert overrides (83%) were appropriate, for reasons ranging from prior tolerance (n = 30) to inaccurate ingredient matches (n = 5). None of the 15 DDI overrides were appropriate.

Conclusion The “Inaccurate warning” reason was selectively used by a small proportion of providers and overrides using this reason identified important opportunities to reduce excess alerts. Potential opportunities include improved evaluation of dosing mechanisms based on patient characteristics, inclusion of institutional dosing protocols to alert logic, and evaluation of a patient's prior tolerance to a medication that they have a documented allergy for. This resource is not yet routinely used for alert tailoring at our institution but may prove to be a valuable resource to evaluate available alerts.
Catheter-Related Arterial Thrombosis in Neonates and Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rizzi Mattia , Goldenberg Neil , Bonduel Mariana , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Amankwah Ernest , Albisetti Manuela
Published: April 2018

Catheter-related arterial thrombosis (CAT) is increasingly recognized in children. Available data are scarce and based on expert opinions. This systematic review aimed to identify knowledge on paediatric CAT. Among 3,484 publications, 22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen reported on CAT due to umbilical arterial catheter (UAC), two to extremity indwelling catheter (EIC), one to both and five to cardiac catheter (CC). The overall cumulative incidence of CAT was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13–31) with a relative incidence of 20% (95% CI, 10–33) for UAC and 11% (95% CI, 3–21) for CC-related CAT. The incidence of EIC-related CAT ranged from 3.4 to 63%. Clinical presentation of CAT included symptoms of acute limb ischaemia (79%, 95% CI, 54–97), arterial hypertension (55%, 95% CI, 23–86) and congestive heart failure (28%, 95% CI, 7–53). Underlying conditions of UAC-related CAT included prematurity (70%, 95% CI, 31–98), respiratory distress syndrome (56%, 95% CI, 46–65), asphyxia (41%, 95% CI, 15–69), infection (32%, 95% CI, 13–55), persistent ductus arteriosus (28%, 95% CI, 13–45), meconium aspiration (16%, 95% CI, 8–25) and congenital heart disease (9%, 95% CI, 2–19). Congenital heart disease was the likely condition in EIC- and CC-related CAT. Antithrombotic treatment included thrombolysis (71%, 95% CI, 47–91), heparin (70%, 95% CI, 41–94) and thrombectomy (46%, 95% CI, 10–95) alone or in combination. Complete resolution rate of CAT was 82% (95% CI, 65–96). Long-term complications included arterial hypertension (26%, 95% CI, 0–66) and limb amputation (12%, 95% CI, 1–31). The overall all-cause mortality rate was 7% (95% CI, 2–14). In conclusion, CAT occurs at an increased incidence in neonates and children and is potentially associated with poor outcome. However, limited data are available on paediatric CAT. This systematic review identifies the rationale for further studies on CAT in paediatric patients.
The Performance of CT versus MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Xu Weilin , Gao Liansheng , Li Tao , Ramdoyal Neha , Zhang Jianmin , Shao Anwen
Published: April 2018

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease, and with poor prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most commonly used image modalities for patients with non-specific neurologic symptoms. We present here a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of CT and MRI in the differential diagnosis of CVT and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Materials and Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases was conducted prior to March 20, 2017. In this report, we assess the methodological quality of each article individually and perform a meta-analysis to obtain the summary of the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in correctly identifying CVT and CVST.

Results Twenty-four eligible articles comprising 48 studies (4,595 cases) were included. The pooled sensitivity for CT–CVT/CT–CVST groups is 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 0.82)/0.81(95% CI: 0.78, 0.84), and pooled specificity is 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.91)/0.89 (0.88, 0.91), with an area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of 0.9314/0.9161, respectively. No significant heterogeneity and publication bias was observed across each study. For MRI–CVT/MRI–CVST, the pooled sensitivity is 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.85)/0.80 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.83), and pooled specificity is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.94)/0.91(0.89, 0.92), with an AUC for the SROC of 0.9221/0.9273, respectively.

Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that both CT and MRI have a high level of diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of CVT and CVST, independent of stage, target for analysis or analysis methods. They could be chosen as alternative sub-optimal gold standards for diagnosing CVT and CVST, especially in emergency.
Besser als Genexpressionstests?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2018

Zirkulierende Tumorzellen (Circulating Tumor Cells; CTC) sind Prädiktoren von Spät-rezidiven bei Frauen mit einem Hormonrezeptor-positiven (HR-positiv), HER2-negativen frühen Mammakarzinom. Dies ergab eine Proof-of-Concept-Studie, die von Dr. Joseph Sparano, New York, auf dem SABCS 2017 vorgestellt wurde. Spätrezidive machen etwa die Hälfte aller Östrogenrezeptor-positiven Rezidive aus. Genexpressionstests können zwar das Risiko eines Rezidivs insgesamt quantifizieren. Sparanos Arbeitsgruppe glaubt aber, dass CTC bessere Biomarker für Spätrezidive sind.
Activity statistics in a colloidal glass former: Experimental evidence for a dynamical transition
Authors: Abou Bérengère , Colin Rémy , Lecomte Vivien , Pitard Estelle , van Wijland Frédéric
Published: April 2018

In a dense colloidal suspension at a volume fraction below the glass transition, we follow the trajectories of an assembly of tracers over a large time window. We define a local activity, which quantifies the local tendency of the system to rearrange. We determine the statistics of the time integrated activity, and we argue that it develops a low activity tail that comes together with the onset of glassy-like behavior and heterogeneous dynamics. These rare events may be interpreted as the reflection of an underlying dynamic phase transition.
Intrinsic luminescence and core structure of freshly introduced a-screw dislocations in n-GaN
Authors: Medvedev O. , Vyvenko O. , Ubyivovk E. , Shapenkov S. , Bondarenko A. , Saring P. , Seibt M.
Published: April 2018

Dislocations introduced by the scratching or by the indentation of the basal and prismatic surfaces of low-ohmic unintentionally n-type doped GaN crystals were investigated by means of cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A strong luminescence of straight segments of a-screw dislocations was observed in the temperature range of 70–420 K. The spectrum of dislocation related luminescence (DRL) consisted of a doublet of narrow lines red shifted by about 0.3 eV with respect to the band gap. TEM revealed dissociated character of the screw dislocations and the formation of extended nodes at their intersection. From the analysis of the DRL spectral doublet temperature, power and strain dependences DRL was ascribed to direct and indirect excitons bound by 1D quantum wells formed by partials and stacking fault (SF) ribbon of dissociated screw dislocation.
2D scrape-off layer turbulence measurement using Deuterium beam emission spectroscopy on KSTAR
Authors: Lampert M. , Zoletnik S. , Bak J. G. , Nam Y. U. ,   KSTAR Team
Published: April 2018

Intermittent events in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of magnetically confined plasmas, often called blobs and holes, contribute significantly to the particle and heat loss across the magnetic field lines. In this article, the results of the scrape-off layer and edge turbulence measurements are presented with the two-dimensional Deuterium Beam Emission Spectroscopy system (DBES) at KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research). The properties of blobs and holes are determined in an L-mode and an H-mode shot with statistical tools and conditional averaging. These results show the capabilities and limitations of the SOL turbulence measurement of a 2D BES system. The results from the BES study were compared with the analysis of probe measurements. It was found that while probes offer a better signal-to-noise ratio and can measure blobs down to 3 mm size, BES can monitor the two-dimensional dynamics of larger events continuously during full discharges, and the measurement is not limited to the SOL on KSTAR.
Structure formation in Ag-X (X = Au, Cu) alloys synthesized far-from-equilibrium
Authors: Elofsson V. , Almyras G. A. , Lü B. , Garbrecht M. , Boyd R. D. , Sarakinos K.
Published: April 2018

We employ sub-monolayer, pulsed Ag and Au vapor fluxes, along with deterministic growth simulations, and nanoscale probes to study structure formation in miscible Ag-Au films synthesized under far-from-equilibrium conditions. Our results show that nanoscale atomic arrangement is primarily determined by roughness build up at the film growth front, whereby larger roughness leads to increased intermixing between Ag and Au. These findings suggest a different structure formation pathway as compared to the immiscible Ag-Cu system for which the present study, in combination with previously published data, reveals that no significant roughness is developed, and the local atomic structure is predominantly determined by the tendency of Ag and Cu to phase-separate.
Full-color tuning in binary polymer:perovskite nanocrystals organic-inorganic hybrid blends
Authors: Perulli A. , Balena A. , Fernandez M. , Nedelcu G. , Cretí A. , Kovalenko M. V. , Lomascolo M. , Anni M.
Published: April 2018

The excellent optical and electronic properties of metal halide perovskites recently proposed these materials as interesting active materials for optoelectronic applications. In particular, the high color purity of perovskite colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) had recently motivated their exploration as active materials for light emitting diodes with tunable emission across the visible range. In this work, we investigated the emission properties of binary blends of conjugated polymers and perovskite NCs. We demonstrate that the emission color of the blends is determined by the superposition of the component photoluminescence spectra, allowing color tuning by acting on the blend relative composition. The use of two different polymers, two different perovskite NCs, and different blend compositions is exploited to tune the blend color in the blue-green, yellow-red, and blue-red ranges, including white light generation.
Effects of the pulse-driven magnetic field detuning on the calibration of coil constants while using noble gases
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Binquan , Chen Linlin , Wu Wenfeng , Fang Jiancheng
Published: April 2018

In the calibration of coil constants using the Free Induction Decay (FID) signal of noble gases, we analyse the effects of the pulse-driven magnetic field detuning on the calibration results. This method is based on the inverse relation between the π/2 pulse duration and its amplitude. We confirmed that obtaining a precise frequency is a prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of research using the initial amplitude of the FID signal. In this paper, the spin dynamics of noble gases and its time-domain solution under the driving pulse have been discussed with regard to different detuning ranges. Experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions, which indicate the correctness of our theoretical deduction. Therefore, the frequency of the pulse-driven magnetic field is an important factor to the calibration of coil constants, it should be determined with a high degree of accuracy.
Willingness to Provide a Hair Sample for Drug Testing among Electronic Dance Music Party Attendees
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Salomone Alberto , Cleland Charles M. , Sherman Scott
Published: April 2018

Background: Nondisclosure of drug use on surveys is common, and many drug users unknowingly ingest adulterant or replacement drugs, which leads to underreporting of use of these drugs. Biological testing can complement survey research, and hair testing is an appealing method, as many drugs are detectable for months post-use. We examined willingness to donate a hair sample to be tested among those surveyed in a population at high risk for consuming adulterated drugs—electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees. Methods: We surveyed 933 adults entering EDM parties in New York City in 2017. Hair donation response rates and reasons for refusal were examined from this cross-sectional study. Results: A third ( n = 312; 33.4%) provided a hair sample. Lack of interest (21.0%), lack of time (19.8%), not wanting a lock of hair cut (17.7%), and disinterest in having hair cut in public (13.8%) were the main reported reasons for refusal; 4.7% refused because they could not receive results. Past-year drug users were more likely to fear identification than nonusers ( P < .001). Asian participants were at lower odds of providing a hair sample (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32–0.87), and those reporting past-year use of LSD (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11–2.35), opioids (nonmedical; aOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.25–2.99), and/or methamphetamine (aOR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.36–8.62) were at higher odds of providing a sample than nonusers of these drugs. Conclusions: Only a third of participants provided a hair sample, and we found individual-level differences regarding willingness to provide a sample. Factors contributing to refusal should be considered to increase response rates and generalizability of results.
Validity of student’s misconceptions diagnosis on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases using three-tier diagnostic test
Authors: Jauhariyah M N R , Zulfa I , Harizah Z , Setyarsih W
Published: April 2018

In the learning process, students still have misconceptions although the concept has been taught by the teacher. One of the causes of misconceptions comes from the students themselves. The teacher often does not know that students have misconceptions because the assessment that has been given does not review the cause of misconception that occurs in students. Students have misconception especially in Abstract concept like in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Because of that, this study made three tier diagnostic instrument test to diagnose student’s misconception in chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases. Moreover, it is also done an analysis in order to know the quality of instrument that has been made. According to the trials, the percentage of average internal validity is about 84.6% which means it is in proper to use and the reliability of instrument is 0.752, meaning reliable to use. This instrument used to diagnose the students’ misconceptions on chapter Kinetic Theory of Gases.
Giardia/Cryptosporidium QUIK CHEK Assay Is More Specific Than Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid Point-of-care Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis in Infants in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Mamun , Ahmed Emtiaz , Hossain Biplob , Alam Masud , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Taniuchi Mami , Gilchrist Carol A , Houpt Eric R , Faruque A S G , Petri William A , Haque Rashidul
Published: April 2018

Background

Cryptosporidium is a major cause of childhood diarrhea. Current modes of cryptosporidiosis diagnosis involve procedures that are costly and require both a well-equipped laboratory and technical expertise. Therefore, a cost-effective, user-friendly, and rapid method for point-of-care detection of Cryptosporidium is desirable.

Methods

A total of 832 diarrheal stool specimens collected from 200 children aged <2 years were tested by Giardia/Cryptosporidium QUIK CHEK, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to compare the performance of the individual techniques. We also tested for the presence of other diarrheal pathogens in qPCR-positive samples with a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) to assess whether Cryptosporidium was the sole causative agent for the diarrheal episodes.

Results

Of 832 samples, 4.4% were found positive for Cryptosporidium by QUIK CHEK, 3.6% by ELISA, and 8.8% by qPCR. Using TAC-attributed Cryptosporidium diarrhea as the gold standard, the sensitivities of QUIK CHEK, ELISA, and qPCR were 92.3%, 71.8%, and 100%, respectively; the specificities were 97.1%, 94.3%, and 0%, respectively. Analysis of the qPCR-positive and QUIK CHEK–negative samples by TAC identified other enteropathogens as more likely than Cryptosporidium to be the causative agents of diarrhea.

Conclusions

QUIK CHEK was more sensitive and specific than ELISA. While qPCR detected Cryptosporidium in more samples than QUIK CHEK, most of these were instances of qPCR detecting small quantities of Cryptosporidium DNA in a diarrheal episode caused by another enteropathogen. We concluded that QUIK CHEK was comparable in sensitivity and superior in specificity to qPCR for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium diarrhea.
Disparities and Determinants of Cancer Treatment in Elderly Americans Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS
Authors: Rositch Anne F , Jiang Shuai , Coghill Anna E , Suneja Gita , Engels Eric A
Published: April 2018

Background

Previous studies suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected cancer patients are less likely to receive cancer treatment. The extent to which this disparity affects the growing population of elderly individuals is unknown and factors that mediate these treatment differences have not been explored.

Methods

We studied 930359 Americans aged 66–99 years who were diagnosed with 10 common cancers. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare claims from 1991 to 2011 were used to determine HIV status and receipt of cancer treatment in 6 months following diagnosis. Mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the direct effect of HIV, and indirect effect through cancer stage at diagnosis and comorbidities, on cancer treatment.

Results

HIV-infected individuals (n = 687) were less likely to receive cancer treatment (70% vs 75% HIV uninfected; P < .01). This difference was larger in individuals aged 66–70 years, among whom only 65% were treated (vs 81% in HIV uninfected; P < .01), and time from cancer diagnosis to treatment was longer (median, 42.5 vs 36 days in HIV uninfected; P < .01). Accounting for potential confounders, HIV-infected individuals aged 66–70 years remained 20% less likely to receive cancer treatment (hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% confidence interval, .71–.92]). Seventy-five percent of this total effect was due to HIV itself, with a nonsignificant 24% mediated by cancer stage and comorbidities.

Conclusions

Lowest cancer treatment rates were seen in the younger subset of HIV-infected individuals, who would likely benefit most from treatment in terms of life expectancy.
Delayed Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis Has a Lower 30-Day Adverse Event Rate: Analysis From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Kochar Bharati , Barnes Edward L , Peery Anne F , Cools Katherine S , Galanko Joseph , Koruda Mark , Herfarth Hans H
Published: April 2018

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients requiring colectomy often have a staged ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). There are no prospective data comparing timing of pouch creation. We aimed to compare 30-day adverse event rates for pouch creation at the time of colectomy (PTC) with delayed pouch creation (DPC).

Methods

Using prospectively collected data from 2011–2015 through the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we conducted a cohort study including subjects aged ≥18 years with a postoperative diagnosis of UC. We assessed 30-day postoperative rates of unplanned readmissions, reoperations, and major and minor adverse events (AEs), comparing the stage of the surgery where the pouch creation took place. Using a modified Poisson regression model, we estimated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, albumin, and comorbidities.

Results

Of 2390 IPAA procedures, 1571 were PTC and 819 were DPC. In the PTC group, 51% were on chronic immunosuppression preoperatively, compared with 15% in the DPC group (P < 0.01). After controlling for confounders, patients who had DPC were significantly less likely to have unplanned reoperations (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.75), major AEs (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99), and minor AEs (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32–0.73) than PTC.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing delayed pouch creation were at lower risk for unplanned reoperations and major and minor adverse events compared with patients undergoing pouch creation at the time of colectomy.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human NPC1 Influence Filovirus Entry Into Cells
Authors: Kondoh Tatsunari , Letko Michael , Munster Vincent J , Manzoor Rashid , Maruyama Junki , Furuyama Wakako , Miyamoto Hiroko , Shigeno Asako , Fujikura Daisuke , Takadate Yoshihiro , Yoshida Reiko , Igarashi Manabu , Feldmann Heinz , Marzi Andrea , Takada Ayato
Published: April 2018

Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a host receptor involved in the envelope glycoprotein (GP)–mediated entry of filoviruses into cells, is believed to be a major determinant of cell susceptibility to filovirus infection. It is known that proteolytically digested Ebola virus (EBOV) GP interacts with 2 protruding loops in domain C of NPC1. Using previously published structural data and the National Center for Biotechnology Information Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) database, we identified 10 naturally occurring missense SNPs in human NPC1. To investigate whether these SNPs affect cell susceptibility to filovirus infection, we generated Vero E6 cell lines stably expressing NPC1 with SNP substitutions and compared their susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with filovirus GPs and infectious EBOV. We found that some of the substitutions resulted in reduced susceptibility to filoviruses, as indicated by the lower titers and smaller plaque/focus sizes of the viruses. Our data suggest that human NPC1 SNPs may likely affect host susceptibility to filoviruses.