bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Thermal Buffer Capacity as an Indicator of the Restoration Status of Protected Areas in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Aerts Raf , Wagendorp Tim , November Eva , Behailu Mintesinot , Deckers Jozef , Muys Bart
Published: November 2004

Restoration status of forest rehabilitation areas can be assessed by comparing their ecosystem characteristics with those of a reference system, most often what is considered the natural climax vegetation. However, comprehensive measurements needed for a traditional vegetation description are often hard or impractical in complex (sub)tropical ecosystems. Therefore, an alternative approach is the identification of simple indicators of ecosystem integrity. The use of such indicators can speed up the availability of resource inventories and thus contribute to the accelerated implementation of successful rehabilitation practices. Thermal buffer capacity (TBC) of ecosystems has been previously proposed as an overall indicator of ecosystem integrity. In this article, sequential surface‐temperature measurements are proposed as a method for TBC assessment of different land‐use types. Surface temperatures of seven land units in central Tigray (northern Ethiopia), each with a uniform land‐use type (degraded and bushy grazing land, enriched and non‐enriched rehabilitation area, and forest), were measured with a hand‐held infrared thermometer in the rainy and the dry season. Surface‐temperature models were derived by means of quadratic regression. Cross‐correlation functions were calculated for all possible pairs of land‐unit time‐series data. Instantaneous heat‐up rates, average TBC, and accumulated heat load were calculated. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to test the effect of aspect and protection status on TBC. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance by ranks for small samples was used to test the significance of differences in heat‐up rates and heat load among land‐use groups. Time lags between land‐unit surface temperatures are caused by differences in aspect rather than land‐use type. Protection status and aspect have a significant effect on the average TBC. Results clearly demonstrate a differentiation between protected (low heat‐up rate) and non‐protected areas (high heat‐up rate). Overall ranking suggests that the remnant forest has the highest TBC of all surveyed land‐use types, followed by the enriched protected area. Results of this study show that TBC quickly responds to area closure and can therefore be used to monitor the development of protected areas. It is strongly recommended that a detailed monitoring strategy for protected areas on the basis of this technology be devised, validated, and finally transferred to the local communities.
TRACE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURED BY A PROTON MICROPROBE AND A SYNCHROTRON RADIATION MICROPROBE
Authors: VIS R.D , TROS G.H.J. , VAN LANGEVELDE F.
Published: November 2004

After the development of PIXE in 19701 and its successful application in a variety of scientific areas, considerable effort has been directed towards the development of nuclear microprobes in order to have available an instrument capable of measuring trace element distributions with a spacial resolution of a few µm. These nuclear microprobes are now available for more than 10 years and besides very useful applications in biology, geology and materials science, the process of improving the facilities is still going on. More recently, on a few locations, synchrotron radiation has been focussed down to µm sized spots with the same aim, to measure trace element distributions, in this case using X-ray fluorescence. In this paper, the possibilities of these instruments will be described, examples will be given and a comparison between the instruments will be given.
PIXE ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN KIDNEY, CEREBRUM AND BREAST BONE
Authors: YUKAWA MASAE , KITAO KENSUKE
Published: November 2004

Scanning PIXE analysis using a proton beam was applied to study the distribution of elements in human kidney, cerebrum and sternum (breast bone) tissues. Relative amounts of P, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb and Cd were determined from PIXE spectra. The distribution of these elements is discussed in relation to the histological structure of each tissue.
FORTRAN 90 — A SUMMARY
Authors: METCALF MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

The fortunes of Fortran have changed markedly over the last two years. An increasingly gloomy outlook for the new standard, following publication of the first draft, culminated in a complete impasse in the summer of 1988. The deadlock was broken as the result of firm action by the international community and X3J3's positive response to that pressure, resulting in a second draft and period of public comment The final result, now renamed Fortran 90, is outlined.
Can Quantum Synchronizers Solve the Metastability Problem of Asynchronous Digital Systems?
Authors: MÄNNER REINHARD
Published: November 2004

The synchronization of asynchronous signals can lead to metastable behavior and malfunction of digital circuits. It is believed — but not proved — that metastability principally cannot be avoided. Confusion exists about its practical importance. This paper shows that metastable behavior can be avoided by usage of quantum synchronizers in principle, but not in practice, and that conventional synchronizers unavoidably show metastable behavior in principle, but not in practice, if properly designed.
The Development of Medical-Pharmaceutical Thought in China II
Authors: UNSCHULD PAUL U.
Published: November 2004

An overview is given of the scope and development of medical-pharmaceutical thought in China. The study of the Chinese medical-pharmaceutical literature can illuminate aspects of early Chinese culture, medical thought and scientific development. A discussion of Shen-nung, the concept of pen-ts'ao, is given.
Effects of the Second (Ethanol) Extract of Ginseng on the Cardiovascular Dynamics of Dogs During Halothane Anesthesia
Authors: LEE DO CHIL , KIM CHON YUL , LEE MYUNG O. , CLIFFORD DONALD H.
Published: November 2004

An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in a group of dogs. Subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with halothane (0.75%), and a second (ethanol) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Five dogs were anesthesized without the administration of ginseng.

Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCo2, Pa2, and base deficit were compared for two hours. Then heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased following ginseng. There were no other meaningful changes in either group.
On the Neurophysiological Explanation of Acupuncture Analgesia
Authors: Wancura Ingrid , König George
Published: November 2004

There are four points of attack for explaining the efficacy of acupuncture analgesia: presynaptical obstruction of the pain-conducting C-fibers by quickly conducting A-fibers. (inhibition of the feeling of pain by the sensation of pain), on the posterior horn, where rivalling stimuli from other receptors can cause deduction of pain. This is striking when vibratory stimuli are initiated simultaneously, on the base of the thalamus, i.e., in the nucleus ventralis posterior, where a mitigation and alleviation of pain from the body and face region take place by vibration and bradyesthesiae from the trigeminus area and the extremities. The cortical conduction of pain, the conduction of pain sensation, which is able to block the subcortical pain conduction, i.e., the construction of the feeling of pain.
Static Potential Analgesia Applied in Caesarean Sections
Authors: Kakizaki Kaname , Manaka Yoshio
Published: November 2004

Casearean sections performed on two female patients demonstrated "static potential analgesia" which is very similar to acupuncture analgesia in its effects, suggesting that "static potential change" or a mobile ion effect in the body might be responsible for mediation of the analgesic effect of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Analgesia in China
Authors: Spoerel W. E.
Published: November 2004

A delegation of ten Canadian anaesthetists visited the People's Republic of China in April and May 1974 and observed 87 surgical and 19 dental operations under acupuncture analgesia. In 80% of the cases observed the analgesia appeared adequate for the conduct for the planned surgery, The utilization of acupuncture analgesia varied from hospital to hospital; surgeons and aneasthetists appeared to have confidence in using it in a limited number of planned surgical operations. The techniqiue of induction varied from hospital to hospital, but a certain pattern became apparent; body needling was related to the site of operation and also based on ancient theories; using loci unrelated to the operative site, para-incisional needles were used to produce skin analgesia; ear needling alone was used in 19 cases and nose needling in one. No premedication was given for short cases and dental extractions. Most hospitals used electrical stimulation; in one insitution needles were left in place during induction and throughout surgery without stimulation with equal results. A considerable degree of analgesia appeared to be present immediately post-operative and patients moved without concern for the operative site.

It was felt that acupuncture analgesia represents in China an alternative to regional anaesthesia and that surgeons adapt their technique to the conscious patient in the operating room. It is essential that the patient cooperate and is prepared and motivated to withstand the emotional stress and unpleasant sensations associated with the surgery. Problems include inadequate suppression of visceral pain, lack of muscle relaxation and inadequate analgesia. In the author's opinion acupuncture analgesia has a very limited scope in our practice; it is time consuming and imposes considerable restrictions on the surgeon. However, the phenomenon is real and its investigation should contribute to a better understanding of the function of the nervous system.
The Effects of Acupuncture Needling on the Evoked Responses of Brain, Spinal Cord and Muscle in Man
Authors: Ikezono Etsutaro , Ohama Kazunori , Nagayama Kunzo , Sawa Takeshi , Yoshida Taneomi , Yokoyama Kuninori , Shimoji Koki
Published: November 2004

The effects of acupuncture (needling at the Stomach Meridian-36) on the somatosensory evoked responses from the brain (SER), from the spinal cord (EESG) and on the evoked electromyogram (EEMG) were studied in normal healthy man. Although amplitude of the early component of the SER was variable during the course of acupuncture and among the subjects, the inhibition of amplitude was seen during and after acupuncture needling. Late components of SER and the negative and positive waves of the EESG showed a high variability during the course of needling and among the subjects. The H-wave amplitude and H/M ratio were also variable, but decreased during and after the needling. The M-wave showed no significant changes. These results suggest that acupuncture reduced the excitablity of the specific sensory pathway.
Inhibition of the Cardiovascular Effects of Acupuncture (Moxibustion) by Phenotolamine in Dogs During Halothane Anesthesia
Authors: Lee Myung O. , Lee Do Chil , Clifford Donald H.
Published: November 2004

The cardiovascular effects of acupuncture, moxibustion by electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) and phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) alone were compared to phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) prior to moxibustion at Go-26 in groups of ten dogs under 0.75 percent halothane anesthesia. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressue, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured over a two hour period. A significant increase (5% level) in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and significant decrease in total peripheral resistance were observed following acupuncture, moxibustion with electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) in dogs under halothane anesthesia. These effects were inhibited by pretreatment with the alpha blocking agent, phentolamine (0.1mg/kg-i.v.). The cardiovascular effects of phentolamine (0.1mg/kg-i.v.) alone were similar to those of dogs in which phenotolamine was administered prior to moxibustion.
ECT and Acu-EST in the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Kurland Howard D.
Published: November 2004

This paper presents three brief case histories from a three year study comparing electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) with acupuncture treatment in functional psychoses. Acupuncture effects were augmented by the simultaneous, non-painful electrical stimulation of eight acupuncture needles. The resulting treatment is called Acupuncture Electric Stimulation Therapy (Acu-EST). Each patient was utilized as her own control, treating exacerbations of depression alternately with ECT and Acu-EST, Acu-EST was found to be a panacea and did not enable the discountinuation of antidepressant and neuroleptic medication. Individual Acu-EST treatments were often less effective than individual ECT treatments. However, series of Acu-EST did assist in producing significant remissions in depressive symptomatology. Because it did not produce the temporary disabling memory defects which occurred with ECT, Acu-EST was more easily adaptable to outpatient treatment.
The Involvement of Medullary Reticular Formation in the Hypotensive Effect of Extracts from Seeds of Cassia Tora
Authors: Chan Samuel H. H. , Koo Anthony , Li K. M.
Published: November 2004

In pentobarbital anesthezied rats, the medial portion of the medullary reticular formulation has been identified to be directly involved in the hypotensive effect of extracts from the seeds of Cassia tora. This conclusion was drawn from the observed decrease in arterial blood pressure following local injection of extracts of this herb into this reticular site and from its inability to promote hypotension when the same reticular site has been electrolytically lesioned. The role of the medullary reticular formation in the Cassia tora-induced hypotension was suggested to be one which modulates the basic cardiovascular reflexes, favoring a decrease in vasomotor tone.
Acupuncture Treatment of Drug Dependence in Pakistan
Authors: Shuaib Brig. M.
Published: November 2004

Wen's technique of electro-acupuncture was used successfuly for treatment of withdrawal symptoms of 19 drug abusers. The drug common to all was opium (eating as sell as smoking). Other drugs were amphetamine, methaqualone (mandrax) and barbiturates by mouth and cannabis (chars) smoking. The sample of the study is too small do draw statistical conclusion, but it is worth stating that all the cases showed a definite response to electro-acupuncture and that their withdrawal symptoms, especially those of opium were controlled within 30 minutes of the application. The need for subsequent treatment varied, but all patients were symptom free and chemical free on the 6th - 8th day of treatment. Thus, the period of active treatment was much shorter than that with codeine substitution therapy. It appears obvious that electro-acupuncture is an effective, simple and more economical method for the detoxification of opiate dependents.
A Comparative Study of Greek and Chinese Alchemy
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

According to an herbal cult of immortality in China, about 200 B.C., certain plants could make man immortal. Greek alchemy, the earliest record of which dated about 200 A.D., presents a similar version, was originally Chinese and was introduced by the Arabs who brought herbal drugs of longevity to Alexandra. The name of these drugs, Chin-I, dialectal Kim-Iya, was Arabicized as Kimiya and transliterated Chemeia by the Copts. Other terms were later influenced by Indians (Chumeia, 100 A.D.) and more directly by the Chinese (Chrusozomion, 200 A.D.). The 3 terms signify herbal elixirs of gold and the art related to them. Both early Chinese and Greek alchemies were not concerned with the making of bullion gold. In China the development of alchemy has been ruled by two theories: first, as like makes like, a perennial plant can make human life perennial; likewise, certain substances can prolong human life as they are rich in Life-force or Soul-content. From here, Blood was equated to Soul and later Redness to Soul. Jade, Cinnabar and eventually gold, more precisely Red-gold or Cinnabar-gold, a colloidal gold, became the ideal drug of immortality. Finally, alchemy can be defined as the art of making metal colloids as panaceae.
Treatment of Low Back Pain with Acupuncture
Authors: Leung P. C.
Published: November 2004

Twenty patients with low back pain were selected for treatment with acupuncture. Four standard acupuncture loci and a standard regime were used. The results were analyzed after a follow-up of 12 months. Initially, 16 patients responded favorably to the treatment while 4 did not respond at all. The degree of cure was not uniform. Instead they varied from complete cure in 4 to varying degrees of alleviation of pain in the rest. Recurrence of acute exacerbation of symptoms occurred in 13 of the 20 patients. Acupuncture was given to 11 of these patients and the results of treatment similated the initial course of acupuncture.
Experimental Studies of Effects of Acupuncture on Enterochromaffin Cells: Guinea Pig Enterochromaffin Cell Count After Electro-Acupuncture
Authors: Hwang Yann-Ching
Published: November 2004

Guinea pig acupuncture points located on the back of the animal, cranial and caudal to the last rib in the muscular groove between longissimus dorsi and iliocostalis, were treated by electro-acupuncture (EA). In the duodenum, when compared with the control, the EA-treated group showed a significant decrease of its enterochromaffin (EC) cell count. However, the sham-treated group also had a lower EC cell count compared to the control. Decreased EC counts were also observed in the jejunum and colon in both EA and sham treated groups: however, they were not significant except in the sham-treated colon. The present study demonstrated that in the normal guinea pigs electro-acupuncture on certain points tends to cause a decrease of the EC cell count in some parts of the gut; however, such results cannot be completely attributed to the effect of acupuncture.
Clinical Observation on the Uterotonic Effect of I-mu Ts'ao (Leonurus artemisia)
Authors: Chan Wei Chun , Wong Yuk Chu , Kong Yun Cheung , Chun Yui To , Chang Hang Tat , Chan Wei Fong
Published: November 2004

Normal fertile women gives an oral dose of I-mu Ts'ao decoction (30 g. dry weight equivalent) showed an increase in intra-uterine pressure in 41.3% of 121 cases. The increase ranged from 150% to over 300% of spontaneous activity before dosing. A slightly higher success rate was observed with 2 successive doses or with improved experimental skill in later cases. Ergonovine (0.2 mg i.m.) scored a success rate of 61%. Therefore, I-mu Ts'ao decoction appeared to have a relative potency of 91% compared with ergonovine when the highest success rate (55.5%) of the former is considered. Blank control with water yield a positive response rate of 2.7%. There are no observable side-effects apart from diuresis.
Plasma Lipid-lowering and Lipogenesis-stimulating Actions of Ginseng Saponins in Tumor-bearing Rats
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Kumagai Akira , Yamamura Yuichi
Published: November 2004

Ascited hepatoma (AH41C or AH130) was transplanted to male rats Donryu, strain. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels were reduced with oral administration of ginseng principle fraction 3 (saponin content, ca. 1/5). Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipids and fatty acids in adipose tissue was increased by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing rats. The incorporation increased in earlier stage of tumor growth and decreased in the later one. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipid, free and esterified cholesterol, TG and phospholipid in the liver was also enhanced by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing animals. In vitro addition of ginseng principle fraction 4 (saponin content, ca. 1/2) increased incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fraction is adipose tissue and liver. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fractions in ascites hepatoma cells remained unchanged with both oral administration of fraction 3 and in vitro addition of fraction 4. DNA and protein synthesis in the tumor cells was not changed with in vitro addition of fraction 4.
Acupuncture and Developing Countries
Authors: Ul-Hassan Zaffar
Published: November 2004

Promotion of Acupuncture is the need of time but due to lack of integrated efforts, this target has not been achieved. Acupuncture may prove helpful in solving the basic health problems of developing countries so its promotion is more important for them. Ways and means to promote the art of Acunpuncture internationally are discussed in this article.
B.C.L. and Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Sein G.M. , Phil M.
Published: November 2004

The effects of Korean herbal medicine (B.C.L.) on some parametrs of immunological response were studied in mice, B.C.L. pretreatment given either intraperitoneally subcutaneously in a dose of 0.75 mg/mouse did not significantly inhibit lymphocyte transformation induced by concanavalin A. However, B.C.L. pretreatment in a dose of 2.25 mg/mouse was found to reduce significantly both the plaque-forming cells to sheep red blood cells immunisation as well as total splee cell population.

Thus, B.C.L. pretreatment with a higher does (2.25 mg/mouse) can selectively depress the humoral immune response. It is unclear, however, whether this action is mediated by the parent compound or its metabolities.
Effects of Sophora flavescens Ait: on Haemodynamics and Ventricular Fibrillation Threshold in Anaesthized Dogs
Authors: Dai Soter , Chan Mo-Yin , Lee Shiuh-Sheng , Pharm B. , Ogle Clive W.
Published: November 2004

The effects of an ethanol extract of the plant Sophora flavescens Ait. on haemodynamics and ventricular fibrillation threshold were studied in pentobarbitone-anesthetized dogs. It was found that intravenous injection of the extract, 120 mg/kg, caused transient but significant depression in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular pressure and dL VP/dtmax, as well as elevation of ventricular fibrillation threshold. These preliminary findings suggest that the ethanal extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. possess pharmacological activites resembling those of antiarrhythmic agents, but the mechanisms of action are unclear.
Tibetan Medicine Part 1: Introduction to Tibetan Medicine and the rGyud-bzi (Fourth Tantra)
Authors: Steiner R. Prasaad
Published: November 2004

Tibetan medicine is one example of a traditional cultural health care system. Unitl recently, geographic barriers have permitted this medicial tradition to evolve in an uninterrupted way. This history, concepts, and foundations of Tibertan medicine are closely interwoven with those of Buddhism in Tibet (1-15). The following essay is an introductory overview of Tibetan medicine. The purpose of this essay is to provide a conceptual framework and a proper perspective for understanding a highly edited translation of one chapter from a traditional Tibetan medical text.
Hachimijiogan and Tokishakuyakusan Enhance Deoxyribonucleic Acid α-Nucleitidyltransferase Activity in Relationship to DNA Synthesis by Ovarian Follicles via A Cyclic AMP System
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The ovaries resected from twenty-nine day old female rats primed with 10 IU of PMS for 48 hours were incubated for 120 minutes with 2-20 μg/ml of Hachimijogan (HZ) and Tokishakuyakusan (TS). The animals in another group were injected intravenously with 20 μg of HZ and TS 48 hours after PMS injection, and 20 minutes later decapitated. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) α-nucleotidyltransferase activity and cyclic AMP accumulation in ovarian tissue were significantly increased by HZ and TS. These results suggest that HZ and TS enhance DNA α-nucleotidyltransferase activity via cyclic AMP by ovarian follicles.
Effects of Moxibustion on Cellular Immunocomptence of γ-Irradiated Mice
Authors: Hau Dou-Mong , Wu Jing-Chong , Chang Yung-Hsien , Hwang Jen-Tzw
Published: November 2004

The effects of moxibustion on cellular immunocompetence of γ-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. A total of 240 male young mice (ICR strain), 6–8 weeks of age, were chosen and divided into three groups. Group A was the normal control. Group B, the experimental control, was treated with 400 rad whole body γ-irradiation. Group C, the experimental group, was treated with moxibustion (MT) after being exposed to γ-irradiation. Six to eight mice from each group were sacrified on days 1, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33 post-irradiation. The body and splenic weights of mice in each group were measured. The cellular immunocompetence was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake in each experimental mouse. The results revealed that 400 rad of γ-ray irridiation inhibited the increase of body and splenic weights, and exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on the incorporative rates of 3H-thymidine after being stimulated by mitogens such as PHA, PWM, Con A and LPS in the splenic lymphoid cells. MT seemed to help the recovery of the cellular immunocompetence in the γ-ray irradiated mice.
Yeuhchukene—An Indole Derivative Interacting with Guinea Pig Reproduction
Authors: Hammartstrom M. , Venemalm L. , Bergman J. , Eneroth P.
Published: November 2004

Natural yuehchukene in doses of 10mg/kg/day induced a 40% reduction of pregrancies in the guinea pig as compared with controls (p<0.05>). Yuehchukene also caused a reduction in litter size which, however, was not significant indicating limited toxicity of the drug. An inhibition of ovum fertilization and/or implantation is suggested as the mechanism of action.
Treatment of Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome in Dogs with Electroacupuncture Stimulation of Stomach 36
Authors: Lin J. H. , Su H. L. , Chang S. H. , Shien Y. S. , Wu L. S.
Published: November 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) on the recovery of adrenocortical function from Iatrogenic Cushings Syndrome (ICS) in dogs. Experiment I: Selection of the most effective Acupuncture point to treat ICS — Six healthy adult female dogs were treated bilaterally with EA for 15 minutes at loci BL22 + BL23 + BL24, ST36, or a non-locus control point on M. brachialis. Each dog was tested at all three sites in rotation. Blood samples were collected before and 0, 15 and 60 minutes after EA, and the serum cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data showed that EA at ST 36 resulted in the highest response of serum cortisol levels among the three treatments.

Experiment II: Evaluation of the effectiveness of EA ST36 in the treatment of ICS in dogs - Eight healthy adult female dogs were given prednisolone acetate 2mg/kg/day IM for 3 weeks. They were then randomly divided into ST36 and control groups of 4 dogs each. In the ST36 group, ST36 was treated bilaterally with EA for 30 minutes, 3 times per week, for 3 consecutive weeks. For the control, a non-locus point on M. brachialis was treated bilaterally with the same protocol. After the first week of EA, the serum cortisol levels of the ST36 and control groups were 0.9±0.1 and 0.5 ± 0.1 μg/dl ( P < 0.005) baseline and 2.5±0.2 and 1.4 ±0.4 μg/dl ( p < 0.05) and after ACTH stimulation test, respectively. After the third week of EA treatment, the results were 1.0±0.1 and 0.6±0.2 μg/dl ( p < 0.05) baseline and 4.0±0.5 and 1.7±0.5 μg/dl ( p < 0.001) after ACTH stimulation respectively. These data indicated that EA at ST36 could restore the adrenocortical hypofunction resulting from ICS in dogs.
Study of the Activity of Differentiation-Induction in a Chinese Herb-Viscum alniformosanae Part 1: In vitro induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cell line by conditioned medium secreted from viscum alniformosanae-stimulated mononuclear cells
Authors: Yang Ling-ling , Hsiao Kuo-I , Su Jenn-long , Liu Jacqueline , Chen Po-min
Published: November 2004

A conditioned medium(CM), designated as 572-CMF-, was a Chinese herb viscum alniformosanae (V.A.) stimulated mononuclear cells. This CM has the capacity to induce the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to differentiate into morphologically and functionally mature monocytoid cells. However, our results on the effect of a combination of 572 conditioned medium and IFN-r, TNF and IL-2 were neither synergistic nor additive. Further investigation of the nature of this conditioned medium remains to be performed.
Cucurbitacin Contents in Hemsleya dolichocarpa
Authors: Yang Peiquan , Liu Songyu , Cao Zhihong , Chang Wenjin , Che Chun-tao
Published: November 2004

Hemsleya dolichocarpa was studied for its cucurbitacin contents during growing period. A colorimetric method was used to determine the total cucurbitacin levels, and a TLC densitometric assay was employed for estimating dihydrocucurbitacin F and its acetate, two active principles in Hemsleya plants. Cucurbitacin contents rise progressively from May to November; the month of November is thus the most desirable time for harvesting plant materials for medicinal uses. It was noticed that the spoiled plant samples gave an intense color reaction while dihydrocucurbitacin F and its acetate levels were not significantly altered. The accuracy of the assays is discussed.
Effects of Herbal Components of Tokishakuyakusan on Progesterone Secretion by Corpus Luteum In Vitro
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

Twenty-seven-day old female rats received 20 IU PMS and 56 hours later, 40 IU hCG. Seven days after hCG treatment, the resected ovaries were incubated in vitro with herbal components of Tokishakuyakusan (TS). Mixture of hoelen + peony root + alisma rhizone + Japanese angelica root or hoelen + Japanese angelica root or Japanese angelica root + cnidium rhizome significantly increased progesterone secretion, and these levels tended to exceed the level by TS alone. These results suggest an exquisitely blended effect of herbal components of TS on progesterone secretion by corpora lutea.
Moxibustion and Breech Presentation: Preliminary Results
Authors: Cardini F. , Basevi V. , Valentini A. , Martellato A.
Published: November 2004

Moxibustion at the Zhiyin acupuncture point (67 B) is an ancient method of obtaining the version of abnormal presentation of the fetus during the last three months of pregnancy. The authors reviewed the Chinese references on this subject and stressed the importance of parity and gestational age in testing the efficacy of this therapy. Preliminary results are described and compared with those reported in Chinese articles. Success rates in version by moxibustion versus spontaneous version are also compared.
Effect of Tokishakuyakusan on Corpus Luteum Endothelin
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The presence of endothelin-1 (ET) and effect of Tokishakuyakusan (TS) on ET in rat corpora lutea (CL) was investigated in superovulated ovaries, induced with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. A high concentration of ET was found in the CL. The level of ET was significantly lower in the CL from TS-treated rats than that in TS-untreated rats (402.68 versus 575.60 pg/g wet weight, p < 0.05). In contrast, the ET levels in plasma were by far lower than those in CL. These data indicate an inhibitory effect of TS on ET, an intraovarian peptide, production or accumulation in the CL.
Studies on Folk Medicine "Thang-kau-tin" from Taiwan (I) The Anti-inflammatory and Liver-protective Effect
Authors: Lin Chun-Ching , Lin Jer-Min , Chiu Hui-Fen
Published: November 2004

Five species of crude drugs are used as "Thang-kau-tin" on Taiwan market: (1) the stem of Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell. -Arg, (2) the stem and root of M. repandus (Willd.) Muell. -Arg, (3) the stem of Bauhinia championii Benth, (4) the stem with hooks of Uncaria hirsuta Haviland and (5) the stem with hooks of U. rhynchophylla Miquel. To clarify the effect of these crude drugs as anti-inflammatory and liver-protective agents, studies were conducted on water extracts of these five crude drugs. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated that the stem of M. repandus showed the best anti-inflammatory activity against the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Nevertheless, the acute increase of GOT and GPT levels caused by CCl 4 were markedly decreased by the treatment of M. repandus (stem), B. championii and U. hirsuta as a recipe group. The pathological changes around the central vein including fatty change, ballooning degeneration, cell necrosis, the increase in lymphocytes and Kupffer cells were improved by the treatment with the group of crude drugs as mentioned above.
Effect of Acupuncture at Right HoKu Point on the Bilateral Vibration-Induced Finger Flexion Reflex in Man
Authors: Takakura Nobuari , Kanamaru Arata , Sibuya Masato , Homma Ikuo
Published: November 2004

Vibration applied to the volar side of the finger tip has been reported to induce finger flexion reflex. Acupuncture is reported to inhibit this vibration-induced finger flexion reflex (VFR) in the ipsilateral hand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral acupuncture in the hand on VFR in both hands. As no systematic study on the relationship between VFR and the force of voluntary contraction with no vibration (Initial Force: IF) has been reported, this relationship was studied prior to the present study on acupuncture. VFR was induced by mechanical vibration on the volar side of the middle finger tip with 10 g to 500 g IF. With approximately 300 g IF, VFR was consistent. Therefore, approximately 300 g IF was applied for VFR induction to study the effect of acupuncture on VFR. A stainless steel needle was inserted into the right Hoku point and remained inserted (in-situ technique) for 10 minutes. VFR in both hands was significantly decreased by acupuncture at the right Hoku point (% control force of VFR: right, 67.8.%; left, 74.6%). The present results suggest that acupuncture in the unilateral hand influences the bilateral reflex arc of VFR.
Cardiovascular Effect of a Senso (Toad Venom)-Containing Drug in Anesthetized Dogs (2): Influence of Propranolol
Authors: Ojiri Yoshihiko , Chibana Takao , Noguchi Katsuhiko , Sakanashi Matao
Published: November 2004

Effects of a Senso (toad venom)-containing drug KY on systemic hemodynamics were examined, and participation of β-adrenoceptor in its action was evaluated by using propranolol in anesthetized dogs. KY produced a positive inotropic action, and decreased total peripheral (TPR) and coronary vascular resistances (CR), while renal vascular resistance (RR) was increased. After propranolol, KY significantly increased TPR, CR, vertebral vascular resistance and RR. KY-induced positive inotropic action was partly diminished but not abolished by β-blockade. These results indicate that the β-adrenergic action may be involved in the vasodilating effect of KY and partly in the positive inotropic action.
Study of the Activities of Chinese Herb Viscum alniformosanae Part II: the Components of Conditioned Medium Produced by Viscum alniformosanae-Stimulated Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Chen Po-min , Hsiao Kuo-I , Su Jenn-long , Liu Jacqueline , Yang Ling-ling
Published: November 2004

The human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 can be induced to monocytoid terminal differentiation by several conditioned media produced by lectin-stimulated mononuclear cells. We reported previously that a 572-conditioned medium (CM) secreted from viscum alniformosanae-stimulated mononuclear cells also had the capacity of inducing HL-60 leukemic cells into mature monocytes. In the present study, we showed that 572-CM did not contain IFN-r, TNF, IL-1 and IL-2 as determined by using ELISA tests. This CM was unable to induce granulocyte-macrophage colony formation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electroporesis (SDS-PAGE) was used to detect the components of this CM. After running the acrylamide gels, a wide band protein, in the 65-80 kd range was obtained and it was different from those of other mitogens.
Observations on Blood Pressure Responses to Injections of Medicinal Plant Extracts in Rats
Authors: Chiu K. W. , Wong S. W. , Sham S. K.
Published: November 2004

Aqueous extracts of plant species from different families produced dose dependent decreases in blood pressure in rat within the first minute (immediate hypotensive response) and in duration of this hypotensive response following i.v. injection, while the subsequent response could be either hypotensive or hypertensive depending on plant species. The subsequent response was not dose-related in both magnitude and duration. The immediate hypotensive response was not due to the vehicle (NaCl solution) nor the common cations present in the extracts. It represented probably a reflex response with chemicals in the plant extracts acting on the peripheral chemoreceptors, or in the pacemaker and/or cardiac tissue, leading to a decrease in heart rate and tension. The subsequent hypotensive/hypertensive response was due to the chemicals acting on targets in different parts of various body systems.
Effect of Acupuncture at the Hoku Point on Vibration-induced Finger Flexion Reflex in Man: Comparison between Press Needle Technique, Electroacupuncture, and In-Situ Technique
Authors: Takakura Nobuari , Ogawa Hajime , Iijima Satoshi , Nishimura Keiichi , Kanamaru Arata , Sibuya Masato , Homma Ikuo
Published: November 2004

Effects of press needle technique (PN), electroacupuncture (EA), or in-situ technique (IS) on vibration-induced finger flexion reflex (VFR) were examined in 31 healthy adults. VFR, which is tonic finger flexion evoked by vibration applied to the finger tip, was induced by vibrating the volar side of the middle finger tip before and after acupuncture. Acupuncture was applied to the Hoku point on both sides. The three techniques, each studied on separate days, inhibited VFR and there was no significant difference in VFR inhibition among the three techniques (percentage of pre-acupuncture VFR was 71.5 ± SE 2.2% after PN, 72.6 ± SE 2.4% after EA, and 75.6 ± SE 2.8% after IS). The results suggest that afferent signals from muscles contracting due to electrical stimulation had no significant effect on the reflex arcs of VFR; and that the intradermal stimulation by acupuncture played a significant role in VFR inhibition.
Pharmacotherapeutic Effects of Toki-shakuyaku-san on Leukorrhagia in Young Women
Authors: Sakamoto Shinobu , Kudo Hideki , Suzuki Satoe , Sassa Shuji , Yoshimura Shintarou , Nakayama Tohru , Maemura Masatoshi , Mitamura Tadasu , Qi Zeng , Liu Xie-dong , Yagishita Youichi , Asai Akira
Published: November 2004

Toki-shakuyaku-san is a traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions that is composed of 6 herbal plants, i.e., peony root, atractylodes lancea rhizome, alisma rhizome, hoelen, cnidium rhizome and Japanese angelica root. Administration with Toki-shakuyaku-san normalized irregular menstrual cycle, healed cervical pseudo-erosion and reduced leukorrhagia in young women who had insufficient luteal function.
Antitussive Effect of Herbal Medicine Bakumondo-to: A Case Report
Authors: Mizushima Yutaka , Hirata Atsushi , Hori Tooru , Sawazaki Shigeki , Sugiyama Eiji , Kobayashi Masashi
Published: November 2004

A 50 year-old woman with progressive systemic sclerosis accompanied by interstitial pneumonia complained of a dry cough. A variety of antitussive agents were given for the dry cough over a one year period, but her symptoms continued. However, when a herbal medicine Bakumondo-to was administered, her intractable dry cough subsided dramatically within 10 days. Bakumondo-to may be a good antitussive agent for interstitial pneumonia associated with a dry cough that is resistant to other antitussives.
DETERMINATION OF αs USING THE PLANAR TRIPLE ENERGY CORRELATION AND THE ENERGY-CORRELATION ASYMMETRY
Authors: CHEN M. , GARRIDO L. , HÜSER-TEUCHERT D.
Published: November 2004

We use the MARK-J data on the asymmetry of the energy-energy correlation and the triple energy correlation to determine the strong coupling constant αs to complete second order of QCD. We compare these results with all the existing measurements and point out many approximations used by previous measurements.
W-BOSON PAIR PRODUCTION CROSS SECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF W-MASS
Authors: AOKI KEN-ICHI
Published: November 2004

The W-pair production cross section in e+e− collision is investigated as a measuring tool for the W-mass. Against the recent argument, the cross section itself is not useful for determining the parameter of the electroweak theory. Also the leading logarithmic correction to the cross section is shown to be small.
THE 3P0-VERSUS 3S1-MODELS FOR QUARK-ANTIQUARK ANNIHILATION
Authors: GREEN A.M. , NISKANEN J.A.
Published: November 2004

A comparison is made between the 3S1- and 3P0-models for quark-antiquark annihilation or creation. Even though the former appears, at first sight, to be superior for [Formula: see text] annihilation into two mesons, it is argued from their effects in meson decays that this conclusion is premature.
THE PRODUCTION OF WEAK INTERMEDIATE BOSONS IN e-p REACTIONS
Authors: GABRIELLI EMIDIO
Published: November 2004

The calculations of production cross sections of W’ s and Z0’ s in e-p reactions at HERA energies and beyond are revised, improved and updated. Comparison with previous calculations show that in some cases the cross sections were considerably overestimated. The effects of a possible deviation of the W anomalous magnetic moment from the standard model value are also discussed.
CONFORMAL INVARIANCE AND OPEN STRING IN QED
Authors: KOLOKOLOV I.V. , PALCHIK M. YA.
Published: November 2004

The properties of gauge strings [Formula: see text] in the conformal Euclidean QED are analyzed. The Green function 〈Aμ(x3)ψ(x1x2)〉 is found. The nontrivial criterion of conformal theory self-consistence is derived and verified. The average 〈ψ(x1x2)〉 is shown to have a form of free massless QED propagator by means of dynamic equations.
PSEUDOSCALAR QUARK ANNIHILATION DIAGRAM AND THE U(1) η0 MASS
Authors: CHOUDHURY S.R. , SCADRON M.D.
Published: November 2004

We present a self-consistent second order gluon annihilation diagram calculation for the U(1) singlet η0 mass based on a once-subtracted dispersion relation. A value in the same range as the one obtained by particle mixing considerations is obtained.
EVALUATION OF ELASTIC NΔ SCATTERING AMPLITUDE FROM INELASTIC pp→NΔ AMPLITUDE
Authors: HIROSHIGE N. , KAWASAKI M. , WATARI W. , YONEZAWA M.
Published: November 2004

In the dibaryon energy region we have evaluated the NΔ→NΔ (5S2) partial-wave S-matrix element from recently obtained pp→NΔ transition amplitude by combining with the information on pp→pp, pp→πd, and πd→πd scattering amplitudes in the three-channel approximation. One of the two solutions allowed by the unitarity shows an anticlockwise rotating behavior.
P-CELL GAUGE THEORIES, MANIFOLD SPACE, AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL INTEGRABILITY
Authors: LARSSON T.A.
Published: November 2004

We construct lattice gauge theories where the gauge potentials live on p-cells, using ideas from the theory of multi-dimensional lattice integrability. The classical limit of these models can naturally be considered as chiral models in the space ΩPM of p-dimensional manifolds on M, or alternatively as gauge theories in ΩP−1M. The continuum models have an infinite set of functionally conserved currents in ΩPM, which are classical analogs of the simplex equations of lattice integrable systems.
A LATTICE GLOBAL CHIRAL INVARIANT REGULARIZATION OF THE CHIRAL SCHWINGER MODEL
Authors: ALONSO J.L. , CORTÈS J.-L. , RIVAS E. , BOVCAUD Ph.
Published: November 2004

Working à la Wilson it is not possible to regularize a Chiral Gauge Theory maintaining the global chiral invariance. We propose a new Lattice fermionic regularization procedure preserving, besides the global chiral invariance, all the symmetries the Wilson method preserves. We apply this proposal to the Chiral Schwinger Model.
SOME RELATIONS INVOLVING NEUTRAL AND CHARGED CURRENT STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS
Authors: KAMRAN MUJAHID
Published: November 2004

Several relations involving neutral and charged current structure functions in [Formula: see text] deep inelastic scattering are obtained. These include sum rules and inequalities. An estimate of [Formula: see text] and a lower limit on [Formula: see text] is given.
NUCLEON-NUCLEON POTENTIAL FROM THE QUARK MODEL
Authors: RAJASEKARAN M. , GANESAMURTHY K. , DEVANATHAN V.
Published: November 2004

Assuming the nucleon to consist of three valence quarks and a large number of sea quarks and gluons at high temperature, the nucleon-nucleon potential is deduced. This potential exhibits all the qualitative features of the r dependence of the nucleon-nucleon potential viz., a repulsive soft core followed by an attractive well.
PRE-EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS IN BLOCKING LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS
Authors: BONETTI R. , CHIESA C.
Published: November 2004

It is suggested that, although direct measurement of pre-equilibrium reaction lifetimes cannot be carried out, blocking lifetime experiments may contain information on such intermediate processes. Numerical examples are presented for the 16O+12C system at 120 MeV.
LEADING-ORDER FERMION-NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION IN THE (1+1)-DIMENSIONAL ABELIAN HIGGS MODEL
Authors: KRIPFGANZ J. , RINGWALD A.
Published: November 2004

We consider fermion-number violating Green’s functions involving also gauge and Higgs bosons in the axial (1+1)-dimensional Abelian Higgs model. We show that the Fourier transform of the classical vortex solution has (in the unitary gauge) an isolated pole at the position of the Higgs and gauge boson mass. In a certain sense the vortex, an Euclidean pseudoparticle, is capable to describe particles, i.e. physical gauge and Higgs bosons. From that it follows that, in the leading-order semiclassical approximation around the unit winding number vortex solution, the S-matrix elements for the fermion-number violating processes are local and of order [Formula: see text], where ν is the vacuum expectation value and n is the number of external boson legs. This suggests that, at high energy, fermion-number violating processes with associated production of many gauge and Higgs bosons have large probabilities reaching the unitarity limit, and puts the recent observation of a similar phenomenon in the standard electroweak theory on much firmer ground.
CHARMONIUM NON-POTENTIAL EXCITATIONS
Authors: BORUE V. YU. , KHOKHLACHEV S.B.
Published: November 2004

Within the framework of an effective theory of quantum gluodynamics formulated earlier in terms of the glueball degrees of freedom, the excitations of gluon bunch formed by heavy quark and antiquark are considered. It is shown that these excitations correspond to the vibration of the gluon bunch shape and lie nearly 800 MeV higher than the charmonium ground state. The consequences of the existence of these excitations are discussed.
QUANTUM THEORY OF SPACE-TIMES WITH ONE KILLING FIELD
Authors: HUSAIN VIQAR , PULLIN JORGE
Published: November 2004

We describe the canonical quantization of Einstein gravity for space-times with one killing vector field. We use the new canonical variables introduced by Ashtekar. Both the connection and loop space representations for the quantum theory are considered. We find that the physical state space has a characterization in terms of equivalence classes of Eulerian graphs.