bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic residues in goat and sheep dairy products
Authors: Jedziniak Piotr , Olejnik Małgorzata , Rola Jolanta G. , Szprengier-Juszkiewicz Teresa
Published: January 2016

A multiresidue method (LC-MS/MS) for determination of wide range of anthelmintics was developed. The method covered benzimidazoles: albendazole (and metabolites), cambendazole, fenbendazol (and metabolites), flubendazole (and metabolites), mebendazole (and metabolites), oxibendazole, thiabendazole (and metabolites), triclabendazole (and metabolites); macrocyclic lactones: abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, moxidectin; salicylanilides: closantel, ioxynil, nitroxynil, oxyclosamide, niclosamide, rafoxanid and others: clorsulon, derquantel, imidocarb, monepantel (and metabolites), morantel, praziquantel, and pyrantel. The method was used to examine the potential presence of anthelmintics in goat and sheep milk and dairy products from the Polish market. A total of 120 samples of milk, yoghurt, cottage cheese, cream cheese, and curd were analysed. None of the samples were found positive above CCα (1-10 μg/kg) except for one cottage cheese in which traces of albendazole sulfone were detected (5.2 ug/kg) and confirmed. The results of the study showed negligible anthelmintic residues in the goat and sheep milk and dairy products and confirm their good quality.
Occurrence of tetracyclines in feedingstuffs – results of a two-year study within the official control of feed
Authors: Przeniosło-Siwczyńska Monika , Patyra Ewelina , Chyłek-Purchała Maja , Kozak Beata , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

The paper describes a microbiological method for the detection of antibacterial substances in feedingstuffs. The method allowed detection of the main antibiotic groups, including tetracyclines. In 2013-2014, a total of 171 feed samples were analysed to determine antibacterial substances. Among the analysed samples 84 (49.1%) were suspected to contain tetracyclines. Out of the 84 feeds analysed using chromatography, 28 (33.3%) contained undeclared tetracyclines, which were identified at concentrations ranging from 0.32 mg kg-1 to 48.98 mg kg-1.
Usefulness of immature golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as a model for uterotrophic assay
Authors: Radko Lidia , Minta Maria , Jasik Agnieszka , Stypuła-Trębas Sylwia , Żmudzki Jan
Published: January 2016

The present study assessed the sensitivity of immature hamster uterotrophic assay to reference oestrogen agonists/antagonists in order to develop a sensitive model for evaluation of endocrine-active compounds in diets. After performing a baseline for control animals, the sensitivity of immature females (postnatal day 18) to reference compounds was evaluated in a three-day uterotrophic assay. The absolute and adjusted dry uterine weights, fold induction over control for absolute wet uterine weight, and wet uterine weight/body weight ratio (%) were used as endpoints. The significantly active doses for reference oestrogens were as follows: 0.6 μg/kg for 17α-ethinyloestradiol (s.c.); 1 μg/kg/day (s.c.) and 40 μg/kg (p.o.) for diethylstilboestrol; 40 mg/kg (s.c.) and 160 mg/kg (p.o.) for bisphenol A. Co-treatment with tamoxifen at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly antagonised the uterotrophic effect induced by 1 μg/kg 17α-ethinyloestradiol, and showed the attenuated proliferative effect in histopathological examination. We found immature hamster uterotrophic assay as a sensitive model that could be a good alternative to the rat assay.
Magnesium supplements affect selected cadmium toxic actions and uptake of repeated doses of cadmium
Authors: Grosicki Andrzej , Małagocki Paweł , Kycko Anna , Monkiewicz Jerzy , Korol Waldemar
Published: January 2016

The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium chloride (labelled with cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and cadmium; higher doses of cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.
Innervation of the chinchilla testis, epididymis, and vas deferens
Authors: Sienkiewicz Waldemar , Szczurkowski Aleksander , Dudek Agnieszka , Kaleczyc Jerzy
Published: January 2016

The study was performed on six male chinchillas. The animals were anaesthetised with ether and the anaesthesia was deepened with nembuthal injected intraperitoneally. The chinchillas were then transcardially perfused with 0.4 L of 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, and testes, epididymides, and vasa deferentia were collected. The tunica albuginea from one testis from each chinchilla was stained as whole-mount preparation. The tissues were cut into 12 μm-thick cryostat sections, and processed for double-immunofluorescence method. In all organs studied, the most abundant nerve fibres were dopamine β hydroxylase positive (DβH+). Some of them contained neuropeptide Y (NPY). Sporadically NPY-positive-only nerve fibres were found. Single DβH+ nerve terminals contained also galanine. Small numbers of the nerve fibres supplying studied organs were stained for substance P (SP) and calitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Almost all SP+ fibres were also CGRP+, whereas single CGRP+ nerves were SPimmunonegative. Some nerve terminals were immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The organs studied were innervated unevenly. The highest density of the nerves was found in the areas of the tunica albuginea adjacent to the mesorchial border of the testis and their number gradually decreased towards the free border of the gonad. None of the vascular tissue of the testicular parenchyma was free of the nerve fibres, except sporadically encountered DβH+ nerves which supply seminiferous tubules. Within the head of the epididymis a moderate number of nerve terminals were found, but in the body and tail of the organ the number of nerves gradually increased. The vas deferens was supplied with very numerous nerve fibres. There were no differences in the density of the innervation between the funicular and abdominal part of the vas deferens.
Effect of HMB and 2-Ox administered during pregnancy on bone properties in primiparous and multiparous minks (Neivison vison)
Authors: Tomaszewska Ewa , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kostro Krzysztof , Jakubczak Andrzej , Taszkun Iwona , Jaworska-Adamu Jadwiga , Żmuda Andrzej , Rycerz Karol , Muszyński Siemowit
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the mechanical and geometric properties as well as bone tissue density of long bones in primiparous and multiparous dams of minks supplemented with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and/or 2-oxoketoglutarate (2-Ox) during gestation. Powdered 2-Ox was given at the daily dosage of 0.4 g/kg b.w. separately or simultaneously with HMB, which was administered at the daily dosage of 0.02 g/kg b.w. The study demonstrates for the first time that administration of 2-Ox and/or HMB to dams markedly influences bone tissue density and the mechanical and geometrical properties of mother`s bones in minks. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the supplementation was more effective in the thoracic limb, which was comprehensively used in contrast to the pelvic limb. The mechanical parameters and bone tissue density significantly increased in the humerus in multiparous minks. Only such diet may provide satisfactory production results in the animals. Nutritional deficiencies occurring during pregnancies may trigger body`s own reserves to cover the bone mass increase in developing foetuses and support milk production. This can prevent regeneration of dams’ organisms, which negatively affects their reproductive performance. 2-Ox or HMB may be regarded as a protective metabolite when administered orally to minks, counteracting the negative influences of pregnancy and lactation periods on bones condition. Both simultaneous treatment with 2-Ox and HMB and their separate administration were equally effective.
Do Auctions Improve Public Procurement? Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Kvasnička Michal , Staněk Rostislav , Krčál Ondřej
Published: January 2016

This paper explores the effect of various contract-awarding procedures in public procurement on the price of the contract. We provide a theoretical model that compares prices in different procedures and tests whether there is a significant price difference between the procedures using data from Czech public procurement. The model predicts that auctions are more efficient than negotiations given the same number of suppliers, and open procedures are more efficient than closed procedures if high-cost firms are selected for the closed procedure. In accordance with the first prediction, we find that open auctions are more efficient than open negotiations. Concerning the second prediction, we find that closed procedures are less efficient than open procedures, which suggests that procurers tend to select relatively more costly firms to participate in closed procedures. Comparing all four awarding procedures, we find that open auctions are the most efficient procedure used in the Czech Republic. We estimate that the inefficiencies due to the use of other contract-awarding procedures are substantial.
Contractual Penalty and the Right to Payment for Delays Caused by Force Majeure in Czech Civil Law under the New Civil Code
Authors: Janku Martin
Published: January 2016

In the context of the conclusion of contracts between entrepreneurs under the Czech Civil Code, it is a relatively common arrangement that the parties disclaim any and all liability for damage arising from non-compliance with contractual obligations, if they can prove that this failure was due to an obstacle independent of their will. This circumstance excluding liability for the damage is called force majeure by the theory. In many countries this circumstance is ruled upon directly by the legislation (höhere Gewalt, vis major). The Czech regulations represented by the new Civil Code of 2012 (CivC), however, contains only a framework provision that mentions discharging reasons. The paper deals with the – rather disputable – issue that the force majeure does not affect the obligation to pay a contractual penalty under the new rules of the CivC. It should be therefore reflected in the arrangements for contractual penalties inter partes. To this effect the paper analyses the concepts of contractual penalties and force majeure in civil law legislation. Afterwards it compares their mutual relationship and impact on the obligations of the Contracting Parties. Finally, it draws recommendations for practice from the perspective of the contracting process.
Morphology control of silica/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) hybrid nanoparticles via multiple-miniemulsion approach
Authors: Nazarabady Maryam Mohammadpour , Farzi Gholam Ali
Published: January 2016

An appropriate approach has been used for the preparation of silica/P(MMA-co-St) hybrid nanoparticles through converting previously prepared inverse miniemulsions into a direct miniemulsion and consequently, using the droplet nucleation polymerization technique. In the early stage of the procedure, silica particles were synthesized from TEOS in the presence of NH4OH or HCl as a catalyst through a base or acid-catalyzed sol-gel process. TEOS, ethanol and tirmethoxyvinylsilan were mixed in MMA:St (50:50) to create the inverse miniemulsion I, similarly CTAB, NH4OH/HCl and distilled water were dispersed into MMA:St (50:50) and called inverse miniemulsion II. Then, the two mentioned inverse miniemulsions were emulsified in water to achieve direct miniemulsion. The nature of the catalyst and TEOS concentration varied, for the aims of investigation, their effect on the morphology and size of hybrid nanoparticles. This route provided a unique process for silica/polymer hybrid nanoparticles production, avoiding organic solvents. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that, the morphology of the hybrid nanoparticles can be controlled by the nature of the catalyst.
Historic Urbanscapes for Tomorrow, Two Italian Cases: Genoa and Bologna
Authors: Bonfantini G. Bertrando
Published: January 2016

After a rather long silence, in the last fifteen years, heritage has progressively returned to urban agendas, and not just in Europe.

The following pages reflect on the possible updated “structural” function of the historic parts of contemporary cities through the examples provided by two medium-sized Italian cities – Genoa and Bologna – characterized by the presence of an important urban heritage and specific urban policies and plans focused on renewing their possible role.
Staircase To Sustainable Development
Authors: Doorasamy Mishelle
Published: January 2016

The aim of this article to provide a theoretical framework on the concepts of Sustainable Development and the process that companies need to follow in order to ensure the future sustainability of business operations. Various secondary sources and previous literature was reviewed to clearly identify why companies are finding it difficult to conduct their business operations in a sustainable manner. Stricter legislation and regulations, increased competition, depletion of natural resources and market pressures have placed organisations under increased pressure to improve environmental performance and achieve eco-efficiency. This paper provides comprehensive overview of how companies can achieve the ‘Triple bottom line’ by committing to continuous improvement and adhering to the regulations stipulated according to the International Standards of Organisations (ISO14001).
The Effect Of The Use Of Mobile Technologies By Management In Polish Manufacturing Enterprises On The Efficiency Of Knowledge Transfer Within A Company
Authors: Patalas-Maliszewska Justyna
Published: January 2016

This article elaborates an existence of a positive effect of the use of mobile technologies by managers, according to their competences, on the efficiency of explicit knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company. It focuses on the set of the competences of managers, who use the mobile technologies in manufacturing companies and is based on a survey and data obtained from 119 Polish manufacturing enterprises. This article develops a framework of how managers can determinate the knowledge transfer in a manufacturing company and further discusses the research results.
The Importance That Customers Place On Service Attributes Of Sale Personnel In The Retail Sector
Authors: van Scheers Louise
Published: January 2016

When examining retail patronage, customer satisfaction must also be considered. Secondary resources (American Marketing Association, 2007; Berman, 2011; Berry, 2008; Chang, 2006:209; Helgesen & Nesset, 2007: 129 and Kong and Jogaratnam, 2007:279) observed that customer satisfaction is the degree to which a customer’s expectations agree with the actual performance of the product and or service. South African consumers situated in Gauteng consider a sales person’s product knowledge as the most important attribute when making purchasing decisions. American consumers in contrast consider sales person respect as the most important attribute when making purchasing decisions. The implications for marketers and sales managers are that marketers and sales managers must provide adequate training for their sales personnel in order for them to treat customers in such a way to obtain their loyalty. The quality of the products sold at the retailer does not form part of the trade-off options that customers are presented with.
Combining Ability Studies for Development of New Sunflower Hybrids Based on Diverse Cytoplasmic Sources
Authors: Dhillon S. K. , Tyagi Vikrant
Published: January 2016

The experiment involved 7 different cms analogues as a female parent and 6 restores lines as male parent to synthesis of a set of these 42 hybrids. The experiment was conducted during spring season 2012 in Line×Tester breeding design and evaluated for combining ability of 7 morphological, physiological and important sunflower yield components traits. The results based on GCA effects of parents for different characters revealed that among the lines DV-10A and among testers P93R, P143R and RHA83R6 were found to be the good general combiners for seed yield and oil content with early maturing except P143R, which is good combiner for flowering and late maturity. The crosses CMS-XA×RHA83R6 and PRUN-29A×RHA83R6 were found to be superior and exhibited highest SCA effects with highest mean values for oil content but for seed yield having negative SCA effects with average for seed yield. The hybrids PKU-2A×RHA83R6 and E002-91A×P93R having high mean seed yield with high SCA effects.
Incubation methods for the detection of fungi associated with caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds
Authors: Tylkowska Krystyna , Serbiak Paweł , Szopińska Dorota
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Infestation with fungi may significantly affect the quality of seeds. However, there is no standard method for caraway (Carum carvi L.) seed health testing.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the most efficient method of the detection of fungi associatyed with caraway seeds.

Methods: Seven incubation methods for evaluation of health of these seeds were compared: deep freeze blotter test, blotter test with mannitol, blotter test with polyethylene glycol, agar tests on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and on reduced PDA (RPDA) without seed disinfection, and agar tests on PDA and RPDA after seed disinfection. The evaluation was performed after 10 and 14 days of incubation.

Results: Thirty two fungal genera were associated with the seeds. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium spp. and Rhizopus nigricans were identified most frequently. Prolongation of incubation time favoured growth of Fusarium spp. and R. nigricans to the highest extent.

Conclusions: The greatest seed infestation with fungi, especially Alternaria spp., was observed in the deep freeze blotter test followed by the blotter test with mannitol. Both of them could be recommended for further study on caraway seed health testing.
Antibacterial activity of rosemary, caraway and fennel essential oils
Authors: Kwiatkowski Paweł , Giedrys-Kalemba Stefania , Mizielińska Małgorzata , Bartkowiak Artur
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Recently, interest in essential oils used in natural medicine, has been increasing. Essential oils are still being tested for their potential uses as an alternative remedies for the treatment of many infectious diseases.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate antibacterial properties of commercial essential oils (rosemary, caraway and fennel) to reduce the number of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Methods: The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by agar dilution method.

Results: The result of experiments showed that essential oils contained in microbiological media significantly reduced the number of S. aureus and E. coli cells. The best antibacterial properties possessed caraway oil: 1 mg/g for S. aureus and 10 mg/g for E. coli, weaker rosemary (5 mg/g) and fennel (20 mg/g) oils.

Conclusion: Results confirmed the inhibiting effect of commercial essential oils on S. aureus and E. coli and provide a scientific ground for future research.
Antioxidant activity of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Borage) grown and eaten as food in Ordu, Turkey
Authors: Ayvaz Melek Col
Published: January 2016

Introductıon: Instead of synthetic antioxidants, using of natural products with antioxidant activity is demanded.

Objectıve: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Trachystemon orientalis (borage) obtained from Ordu.

Methods: The water and ethanol extracts of the borage plant were investigated by using several in vitro antioxidant activity tests such as total antioxidant capacity, O2
•−, •OH, DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activities, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, FRAP, Fe2+ chelating and reducing power assays in order to make effective comparisons.

Results: Water extract of the T. orientalis had the more phenolic (90 mg GA/g extract) and flavonoid (56.88 mg CT/g extract) contents than ethanol extract. Furthermore, both of the extracts showed strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities determined by different in vitro models. The highest total antioxidant capacity as ascorbic acid equivalents of 244.50 mg/g extract was also calculated for water extract. Generally, a relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was established. It is also an important finding for an edible food source that the phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidative activities for water extract was higher than the ethanol extract.

Conclusıon: T. orientalis could be used as a food ingredient instead of synthetic antioxidants and all results will contribute to the recent increase in investigations on using natural products in many areas such as food, pharmacy, alternative medicine and natural therapy.
Why helping the victims of disasters makes me a better person: Towards an anthropological theory of humanitarian action
Authors: Kalokairinou Eleni M
Published: January 2016

In this paper I examine which is the most appropriate moral theory for dealing with disaster bioethics contexts. It is pointed out that, contrary to what is usually believed, moral theories of right action cannot actually guide us in such difficult situations. Instead, it is claimed that a virtue ethics theory of an Aristotelian version, which gives emphasis not only on the virtuous person but also on the relevant developmental process of becoming virtuous, can provide us with the right theoretical framework for coping with the problems which the victims of such disastrous situations face.
Disaster issues in non-utilitarian consequentialism (ethics of social consequences)1
Authors: Gluchman Vasil
Published: January 2016

The ethics of social consequences is a means of satisficing non-utilitarian consequentialism that can be used to approach disaster issues. The primary values in the ethics of social consequences are humanity, human dignity and moral rights, and these are developed and realized to achieve positive social consequences. The secondary values found in the ethics of social consequences include justice, responsibility, moral duty and tolerance. Their role and purpose is given by their ability to help achieve and realize moral good. Fair treatment within moral issues stems from applying primary as well as secondary values. The nature of these values cannot be determined exclusively in ordinary circumstances. However, in extraordinary circumstances (disasters), not all the requirements relating to the value structure of the ethics of social consequences need be considered in its entirety. In extraordinary circumstances, values are prioritised and realized. Primary values are realized prior to secondary ones. When prioritizing primary values, the realization of positive social consequences, or at least minimizing the negative social consequences, takes priority over other primary values. In disaster bioethics especially, it is often necessary to find a way to minimize the negative social consequences; thus, actions where positive social consequences are prevalent are preferred.
Healing of the Carbuncle Phenomenon for AUSMDV Scheme on Triangular Grids
Authors: Phongthanapanich Sutthisak
Published: January 2016

The carbuncle phenomenon, commonly occurring in solutions of compressible Euler equations, is a numerical instability associated with shock-induced anomalies. It is associated with several shock-capturing finite-volume methods designed to preserve the contact discontinuities. Due to the lack of theoretical knowledge of the carbuncle phenomenon, it is not known which numerical scheme is affected or under what circumstances that the phenomenon occur. The objective of this article is to study the numerical instability of advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) family schemes so called the AUSMD, AUSMV and AUSMDV schemes in two-dimensional structured triangular grids by examining the shock-induced anomalies produced by these original schemes in different test cases. A multidimensional dissipation technique is proposed for these schemes. The evolution of perturbations is also studied by means of a linearized discrete analysis to the odd–even decoupling problem. The recursive equations show that the AUSMDV-family schemes with the dissipation technique are less sensitive to these anomalies than the original schemes. Finally, the dissipation technique is extended to the second-order schemes and tested by several test cases.
A GIS based approach for the prediction of the dam break flood hazard – A case study of Zardezas reservoir “Skikda, Algeria”
Authors: Derdous Oussama , Djemili Lakhdar , Bouchehed Hamza , Tachi Salah Eddine
Published: January 2016

The construction of dams in rivers can offer many advantages, however the consequences resulting from their failure could result in major damage, including loss of life and property destruction. To mitigate the threats of dam break it is essential to appreciate the characteristics of the potential flood in realistic manner. In this study an approach based on the integration of hydraulic modelling and GIS has been used to assess the risks resulting from a potential failure of Zardezas dam, a concrete dam located in Skikda, in the North East of Algeria. HEC-GeoRAS within GIS was used to extract geometric information from a digital elevation model and then imported into HEC-RAS. Flow simulation of the dam break was performed using HEC-RAS and results were mapped using the GIS. Finally, a flood hazard map based on water depth and flow velocity maps was created in GIS environment. According to this map the potential failure of Zardezas dam will place a large number in people in danger. The present study has shown that Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques in integration with hydraulic modelling can significantly reduce the time and the resources required to forecast potential dam break flood hazard which can play a crucial role in improving both flood disaster management and land use planning downstream of dams.
The stability of soil aggregates in tilled fallow areas in Hyderabad district, Pakistan
Authors: Tagar Ahmed , Adamowski Jan
Published: January 2016

Arid areas are particularly susceptible to soil erosion due to long dry periods and sudden heavy downpours. This study investigates the aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability of twelve tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. This study determined aggregate size distribution by dry sieving to evaluate the seedbed condition and aggregate stability using wet sieving to assess the susceptibility of tilled fallow areas to soil erosion. The aggregate size distribution of the soils of the selected areas was highly variable. Gulistan-e-Sarmast had the largest number of clods (51.0%) followed by Kohsar (49.0%), Latifabad # 10 (41.10%) and Daman-e-Kohsar (39.0%). Fazal Sun City, the left side of the Indus River, the Village Nooral Detha and the left side of the Abdullah Sports city had a greater number of large (>8.0 mm) and small aggregates (<0.5 mm). The optimum aggregate size distribution was found in the left side of the channel, which had the largest number of aggregates (50.50%) in the 0.5–8.0 mm sieve size range. Maximum aggregate stability (AS) was found in Gulistan-e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) and Latifabad # 10 (34%), while all other soils had minimum aggregate stability (<14%). The minimum aggregate stabilities demonstrate that the tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district are highly susceptible to erosion. Therefore, the present study suggests investigating potential ways to enhance the aggregate stabilities of soils.
Jespersen Cycles on Malekula
Authors: Barbour Julie
Published: January 2016

In the indigenous languages of Malekula Island, members of Oceanic, diverse standard negation strategies have been identified, including double negation, simple preverbal negators, and simple postverbal negators. Individual languages may display more than one strategy. In this article, evidence from Malekula is considered for the typological hypothesis known as the Jespersen Cycle(s). Six standard negation strategies are described in detail and illustrated using data from a sample of Malekula languages. Here, the Jespersen Cycle hypothesis is employed to understand diversity in the synchronic patterning of standard negation in a comparative analysis of the sample: the diverse standard negation strategies found both language-internally and comparatively can be understood as iterations of the Jespersen Cycle(s).
Structural and electrical properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Kumbhar S.S. , Mahadik M.A. , Chougule P.K. , Mohite V.S. , Hunge Y.M. , Rajpure K.Y. , Moholkar A.V. , Bhosale C.H.
Published: January 2016

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films have been prepared using the spray pyrolysis method. The films were deposited onto a glass substrate at varying substrate temperature ranging from 250 to 350 °C with the interval of 50 °C. The structural, morphological, electrical and dielectric properties of the deposited films have been studied. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films with a cubic crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a good agreement of the thin films stoichiometry with BaTiO3. A presence of Ba, Ti and O in the BaTiO3 thin films was observed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the heterogeneous distribution of cubical grains all over the substrate. The grain size decreased with an increase in substrate temperature. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed the dispersion behaviour as a function of frequency, measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The AC conductivity (σac) measurement showed the linear nature of obtained films, which confirms conduction mechanism due to small polarons. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the electrical behaviour of BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop has been recorded at room temperature.
Investigation on the preparation and mechanical properties of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy for a molten carbonate fuel cell
Authors: Li Cong , Chen Jian , Li Wei , Ren Yanjie , He Jianjun
Published: January 2016

The preparation process of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy was studied in this paper. The effect of ball milling time and sintering temperature on the porosity of Cu35Ni15Cr alloy was identified. It was found that 18 h ball milling and 950 °C sintering are the most promising parameters for the preparation of porous Cu35Ni15Cr alloy. The products have a ~62 % porosity. The alloy consists of an α phase and β phase. The influence of deformation temperature and loading rate on the mechanical properties of Cu35Ni15Cr alloys was investigated. The results show that with decreasing deformation temperature, the yield strength and elastic modulus of the porous alloy increase. With the increase of loading rate, the yield strength of these alloys shows an increasing trend, but the elastic modulus is on a steady level.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C18H17CIO
Authors: Dong Meng-Ya , Mei Xiang-Dong , Li Yao-Fa , Zhang Lan-Xiang , Pan Wen-Liang , Gao Zhan-Lin , Ning Jun
Published: January 2016

C18H17ClO, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 5.9172(3) Å, b = 7.5758(6) Å, c = 33.1334(16) Å, β = 93.666(5)°, V = 1482.2(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0453, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1116, T = 180 K.
Analysis of surface properties of semiconducting (Ti,Pd,Eu)Ox thin films
Authors: Wojcieszak D. , Kaczmarek D. , Domaradzki J.
Published: January 2016

In this paper an analysis of the surface properties of (Ti,Pd,Eu)O
Side-pumped neodymium laser with self-adaptive, nonreciprocal cavity
Authors: Kaskow M. , Galecki L. , Zendzian W. , Gorajek L. , Jabczynski J.K.
Published: January 2016

We demonstrate the generation of a near-diffraction-limited beam in a diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with a nonreciprocal, self-adaptive cavity. The energy output of 228 mJ with 17.2% slope efficiency and 17.3% optical-to-optical efficiency was obtained.
Low-temperature growth of GaSb epilayers on GaAs (001) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Benyahia D. , Kubiszyn Ł. , Michalczewski K. , Kębłowski A. , Martyniuk P. , Piotrowski J. , Rogalski A.
Published: January 2016

Non-intentionally doped GaSb epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on highly mismatched semi-insulating GaAs substrate (001) with 2 offcut towards [110]. The effects of substrate temperature and the Sb/Ga flux ratio on the crystalline quality, surface morphology and electrical properties were investigated by Nomarski optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Hall measurements, respectively. Besides, differential Hall was used to investigate the hole concentration behaviour along the GaSb epilayer. It is found that the crystal quality, electrical properties and surface morphology are markedly dependent on the growth temperature and the group V/III flux ratio. Under the optimized parameters, we demonstrate a low hole concentration at very low growth temperature. Unfortunately, the layers grown at low temperature are characterized by wide FWHM and low Hall mobility.
Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment
Authors: Savage David A.
Published: January 2016

While behavioural economics has become part of mainstream economic theory, showing systematic deviations from the standard homo economicius in normal environments, there has been little exploration of behaviour in the extreme – such as conflict, disasters or war zones. This has led to the underdevelopment of behavioural theory examining the choices or motivations of individuals within these environments, resulting in sub-optimal models and policy. This work provides an entry point for the application of behavioural economics within conflict zones, specifically the examination of decision-making of non-combatant individuals. Additionally, it provides insight into the related disaster research field, detailing current studies, overview methodological approaches, approaches and limitations. Concluding with a general discussion and potential implications for policy.
The Dynamics Of Time Series Of Real Estate Prices
Authors: Belej Miroslaw , Kulesza Slawomir
Published: January 2016

The presented research aims to contribute to the concerns regarding the evolutionary dynamics of the real estate market, seen as an open system flowing from one equilibrium state into another. In such quasi-stable states, real estate markets are thought to change only slightly with elapsed time, but occasionally, a sudden jump, during which the markets undergo changes of structural origin, might occur as well. Hence, the paper contains an analysis of the dynamics of time series of housing prices in order to distinguish between processes of different time scales. Research was performed assuming a priori distributions of the variables, and using the autocorrelation function together with the partial autocorrelation function for detailed data analysis.
Die orthodoxe Kirchenmusik als ein bedeutendes Erbe von Byzanz und ihre moderne Rezeption im Westen am Beispiel des „Byzantinischen Kantorenchores München“
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Konstantin
Published: January 2016

The Byzantine Music was created within the liturgical life of Orthodoxy and has been developed accordingly in the Eastern Church Worship. Together with the hymnography the Byzantine Music in Orthodoxy has from the beginning taken a central place, especially since there is absolutely no orthodox worship without psalmodic accompaniment. It is one of the most notable achievements in the Byzantine era, for which in the last decades also in Western Europe a great interest is awakened.
How Many Concepts of Intentionality?
Authors: Dąbrowski Andrzej
Published: January 2016

The current discussion of the intentionality nature has become more sophisticated and complex. In this paper I will delineate a number of approaches to intentionality in contemporary philosophy: 1 mentalistic; 2 semantic / linguistic; 3 pragmatic; 4 somatic; 5 and naturalistic. Although philosophers identify and analyse many concepts of intentionality, from the author point of view, there is only one intentionality: mentalistic intentionality (conscious mental states are intentional). Furthermore, there are the pre-intentionality in the physical world and the meta-intentionality (or the derived intentionality) in the world of culture.
The Swarm Computing Approach to Business Intelligence
Authors: Schumann Andrew , Pancerz Krzysztof , Szelc Andrzej
Published: January 2016

We have proposed to use some features of swarm behaviours in modelling business processes. Due to these features we deal with a propagation of business processes in all accessible directions. This propagation is involved into our formalization instead of communicating sequential processes. As a result, we have constructed a business process diagram language based on the swarm behavior and an extension of that language in the form of reflexive management language.
Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Expanded Glass As Lightweight Aggregates
Authors: Khatib Jamal , Jefimiuk Adrian , Khatib Sammy
Published: January 2016

The flexural properties of reinforced concrete beams containing expanded glass as a partial fine aggregate (sand) replacement are investigated. Four concrete mixes were employed to conduct this study. The fine aggregate was replaced with 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% (by volume) expanded glass. The results suggest that the incorporation of 50% expanded glass increased the workability of the concrete. The compressive strength was decreasing linearly with the increasing amount of expanded glass. The ductility of the concrete beam significantly improved with the incorporation of the expanded glass. However, the load-carrying capacity of the beam and load at which the first crack occurs was reduced. It was concluded that the inclusion of expanded glass in structural concrete applications is feasible.
Estimation Of Young’s Modulus Of Elesticity By The Form Finding Of Grid Shell Structures By The Dynamic Relaxation Method
Authors: Grančičová Ivana , Brodniansky Ján
Published: January 2016

The paper is basically focused on the process of form finding by the dynamic relaxation method (DRM) with the aid of computational tools that enable us to make many calculations with different inputs. There are many important input values with a significant impact on the course of the calculations and the resulting displacement of a structure. One of these values is Young’s modulus of elasticity. This value has a considerable impact on the final displacement of a grid shell structure and the resulting internal forces.
Co-infection of Primary Syphilis and HIV after a Single Exposure - a Case Report
Authors: Geleki Stamatina , Platsidaki Eftychia , Antoniou Christina , Paparizos Vasilios
Published: January 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1- infected patients with syphilis are among the most important transmitters of HIV-1 infection due to biological effects of genital ulcerations, and aggravation due to their continued risky behavior. The association between primary syphilis and acute HIV-1 co-infection is not well documented, and reports on isolated cases are raising special interest and indicate that this double primary co-infection may occur. We present a case of a 31-year-old man with no past medical history who presented with fever, papular rash on the face which lasted for a few days, and a single genital ulcer. He was diagnosed with primary syphilis and primary HIV-1 infection after a single exposure with an infected female sex worker. Male-to-female HIV transmission during vaginal intercourse is significantly more likely than female-to-male HIV transmission. However, high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers contributed to high HIV transmission probability, as in our case.

As far as the available world literature is concerned, this is the first case of co-infection of primary syphilis and HIV.
Entropy-Based Algorithms in the Analysis of Biomedical Signals
Authors: Borowska Marta
Published: January 2016

Biomedical signals are frequently noisy and incomplete. They produce complex and high-dimensional data sets. In these mentioned cases, the results of traditional methods of signal processing can be skewed by noise or interference present in the signal. Information entropy, as a measure of disorder or uncertainty in the data, was introduced by Shannon. To date, many different types of entropy methods have appeared with many different application areas. The purpose of this paper is to present a short overview of some methods of entropy analysis and to discuss their suitability for use in the analysis of biomedical signals.
The Use of Cluster Analysis for Non-Continuous Variables in the Assessment of Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activities in Primary School Children
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Genowska Agnieszka , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Nowak Rafał , Szpak Andrzej , Maciorkowska Elżbieta
Published: January 2016

Physical activity, along with proper nutrition, is a very important element in child development. Lack of everyday, regular physical activity among young people is a public health problem. The aim of the study was to use cluster analysis to assess the relationship between nutrition and physical activity levels of primary school children. The study included 682 students from randomly selected elementary schools and was performed using a proprietary questionnaire during the 2013/2014 school year. The questionnaire contained questions about eating habits and physical activity, as well as the socio-economic conditions of families. Clusters of students of similar dietary habits were identified using cluster analysis and subsequently compared in terms of physical activity level. We identified four clusters, characterized by relative internal homogeneity and at the same time variability between one another in terms of number of meals throughout the day and time of their consumption. The most important characteristic of Cluster 1 was eating four meals a day including breakfast, which is the most important meal of the day. The diets of children in Cluster 2 abounded with raw vegetables and fruits. Students in Cluster 3 were characterized by a regular and varied diet. The least appropriate behaviour in the field of nutrition was observed among students belonging to Cluster 4. Cluster analysis in the studied population allowed relationships between dietary habits and physical activity to be described. By using the UIAF indicator (Moderate to Intense Physical Activity), a statistically significant association between the eating habits of the children and their physical activity levels was observed. A sufficient level of physical activity was observed in most students belonging to Cluster 3, and high levels of physical activity were observed in a small percentage of children belonging Cluster 4. An average level of physical activity was observed in a high percentage of children belonging to Cluster 4. Low levels of physical activity were most frequently observed in Clusters 4 and 1 and least frequently observed in Cluster 3. All of the identified active forms of free-time activity were most commonly acknowledged in Cluster 3. The study supports a beneficial relationship between students’ eating behaviours and physical activity.
The Computer-Assisted Web Interview Method as Used in the National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland – Reflections on a Case Study
Authors: Sowa Paweł , Pędziński Bartosz , Krzyżak Michalina , Maślach Dominik , Wójcik Sylwia , Szpak Andrzej
Published: January 2016

The development and widespread use of ICT in society are reflected by the way research is designed and conducted. The Computer Assisted Web Interview method is becoming more attractive and is a frequently used method in health sciences. The National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland was conducted using this method. The aim of this paper is to present the major advantages and disadvantages of web surveys. Technical aspects of methodology and important stages of the aforementioned study, as well as key elements for its procedure, are mentioned. The authors also provide reflections based on their analysis of this national study, conducted between January and April 2014.
Using 2D and 3D Computer Games to Detect Colorblindness – a Comparative Study
Authors: Laskowski Maciej
Published: January 2016

Computer games have accompanied the development of computer technologies since the very beginning. Despite their basic, purely entertainment-targeted appliance, games can also be used for many other purposes. Medical applications are especially interesting, as games (especially different kinds of simulations) are widely used for training personnel, e.g. to perform certain procedures or in learning to use equipment. This allows the trainees to gain knowledge and proper habits, as well as test themselves in different situations without any risk. Computer games can also be used as a diagnostic tool, although this topic is still insufficiently researched. This paper discusses the possibility of using serious games for diagnosing color vision disorders, focusing especially on two problems: differences in diagnosing colorblindness using 2D and 3D environments, and the influence of individual features, such as reflex or agility, on the diagnostic process.
CFD Simulation Of Air-Flow Over A „Quarter-Circular” Object Valided By Experimental Measurement
Authors: Králik Juraj , Hubová Oľga , Konečná Lenka
Published: January 2016

A Computer-Fluid-Dynamic (CFD) simulation of air-flow around quarter-circular object using commercial software ANSYS Fluent was used to study iteration of building to air-flow. Several, well know transient turbulence models were used and results were compared to experimental measurement of this object in Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) of Slovak University of Technology (SUT) in Bratislava. Main focus of this article is to compare pressure values from CFD in three different elevations, which were obtained from experimental measurement. Polyhedral mesh type was used in the simulation. Best results on the windward face elevations were obtained using LES turbulence model, where the averaged difference was around 7.71 %. On the leeward face elevations it was SAS turbulence model and averaged differences from was 15.91 %. On the circular face it was SAS turbulence model and averaged differences from all elevations was 12.93 %.
Analytical Simplify Models Of The Key Elements In The Alternative Load Path Within The Frame In Accidental Situation
Authors: Luu Nguyen Nam Hai
Published: January 2016

The present document is dedicated to global behavior of a frame further to the loss of a column, taking into account the redistribution of the internal forces. Structural elements, transfer the load to the foundation, are isolated as key elements. Two possible alternative load paths in the investigated event are described. The proposal on the local investigation of the important sub structure instead of full global frame’s assessment reveal the internal forces distribution along the alternative load path is demonstrated.