bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES FOR 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: THE CASE OF AGIOS ANTONIOS CHOMATAS (CRETE)
Authors: Alusik T. , Sovarova D.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The use of 3D sophisticated visualizations and reconstructions of any preserved architectural remains is becoming more frequent in the modern archaeology. However, it is still not common during the process of reconstruction or recreation of the appearance of any preserved architecture of prehistoric (Bronze Age) Crete. The bad condition of prehistoric sites (the bad preservation of the masonry) or structure is probably the main reason for this state. But let’s look at this problem from the other point of view: what is really necessary for the creation of an ideal 3D reconstruction of such sites, which complies with the up-to-date state of the archaeological and architectural knowledge and uses the modern software? In accordance with our experience and findings we think that for the creation of really good and up-to-date 3D reconstruction only the plan of the site (at least the schematic one), enough of general and detailed photos of the site (but not necessary the photogrammetric model) and architectural features, some photos of the site’s surroundings incl. the Google Earth image and some photos of similar sites and/or structures/architectural features (type of masonry, entrances etc.) are necessary. In case of accepting our findings and principles by the wider academic audience (especially by the archaeologists and architects) the creation of 3D reconstruction could be – as we hope – more commonly used or even become a standard of archaeological publications.
AUGMENTED REALITY TO PRESERVE HIDDEN VESTIGES IN HISTORICAL CITIES. A CASE STUDY
Authors: Martínez J. L. , Álvarez S. , Finat-Saez J. , Delgado F. J. , Finat J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Mobile devices provide an increasingly sophisticated support to enhanced experiences and understanding the remote past in an interactive way. The use of augmented reality technologies allows to develop mobile applications for indoor exploration of virtually reconstructed archaeological places. In our work we have built a virtual reconstruction of a Roman Villa with data arising from an urgent partial excavation which were performed in order to build a car parking in the historical city of Valladolid (Spain). In its current state, the archaeological site is covered by an urban garden. Localization and tracking are performed using a combination of GPS and inertial sensors of the mobile device. In this work we prove how to perform an interactive navigation around the 3D virtual model showing an interpretation of the way it was. The user experience is enhanced by answering some simple questions, performing minor tasks and puzzles which are presented with multimedia contents linked to key features of the archaeological site.
ROBOTIC MAPPING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES
Authors: Borrmann D. , Heß R. , Houshiar H. R. , Eck D. , Schilling K. , Nüchter A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In archaeological studies the use of new technologies has moved into focus in the past years creating new challenges such as the processing of the massive amounts of data. In this paper we present steps and processes for smart 3D modelling of environments by use of the mobile robot Irma3D. A robot that is equipped with multiple sensors, most importantly a photo camera and a laser scanner, enables the automation of most of the processes, including data acquisition and registration. The robot was tested in two scenarios, Ostia Antica and the Würzburg Residence. The paper describes the steps for creating 3D color reconstructions of these renown cultural heritage sites.
Geophysical mapping of palsa peatland permafrost
Authors: Sjöberg Y. , Marklund P. , Pettersson R. , Lyon S. W.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Permafrost peatlands are hydrological and biogeochemical hotspots in the discontinuous permafrost zone. Non-intrusive geophysical methods offer a possibility to map current permafrost spatial distributions in these environments. In this study, we estimate the depths to the permafrost table and base across a peatland in northern Sweden, using ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography. Seasonal thaw frost tables (at ~0.5 m depth), taliks (2.1–6.7 m deep), and the permafrost base (at ~16 m depth) could be detected. Higher occurrences of taliks were discovered at locations with a lower relative height of permafrost landforms, which is indicative of lower ground ice content at these locations. These results highlight the added value of combining geophysical techniques for assessing spatial distributions of permafrost within the rapidly changing sporadic permafrost zone. For example, based on a back-of-the-envelope calculation for the site considered here, we estimated that the permafrost could thaw completely within the next 3 centuries. Thus there is a clear need to benchmark current permafrost distributions and characteristics, particularly in under studied regions of the pan-Arctic.
La dimensión cognitiva y la adaptación a sus modelos de revitalización económica y urbana. El caso de la industria creativa del software en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara
Authors: Canobbio Rojas Claudia , González Romero Daniel
Published: March 2015

El advenimiento de la dimensión cognitiva y creativa en la actividad económica, significa una reconceptualización y reevaluación de la lógica espacial de la economía y la geografía urbana en el mundo moderno. La proliferación de agendas económicas y urbanas orientadas hacia la producción de los nuevos espacios para la economía creativa global, trae consigo un nuevo urbanismo de la creatividad que se proyecta como base estratégica de una era de revitalización económica y urbana a nivel internacional. Se analiza el estudio de caso de la industria de software de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara debido su la relevancia, contextual y temporal, a partir de su clasificación como una industria creativa.

L’arribada de la dimensió cognitiva i la creativitat de l’activitat econòmica significa una reconceptualització i reavaluació de la lògica espacial de l’economia i la geografia urbana en el món modern. La proliferació d’agendes econòmiques i urbanes orientades cap a la producció de nous espais per l’economia creativa global, porta ella mateixa un nou urbanisme de la creativitat que es projecta com a base estratègica d’una era de revitalització econòmica i urbana a nivell internacional. Metodològicament es recurreix a la investigació documental com estratègia per l’anàlisi i reflexió sistemàtica sobre el desenvolupament de la fenomenologia; tenint com a finalitat aconseguir resultats entorn l’estudi de cas de la indústria de software de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara en el seu procés de cerca d’un model de desenvolupament ad hoc, així com per la seva rellevància contextual i temporal, a partir de la seva classificació com una indústria creativa.

The advent of cognitive and creative dimension in economic activity means a rethinking and a reassessment of the spatial logic of economics and urban geography in the modern world. The proliferation of economic and urban agendas geared towards the production of new spaces for the global creative economy brings new Urbanism, projecting creativity as a strategic base in an era of economic and urban regeneration in an international level. Methodologically draws on desk research as a strategy for the analysis and reflection on the development of phenomenology. The main purpose is to achieve results on the study case of the software industry in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara in its process of searching for an ad hoc model of development, as well as its contextual and temporal relevance as a creative industry.
Eclairages sur le marketing de demain : prises de décisions, efficacité et légitimité
Authors: Salerno Francis , Benavent Christophe , Volle Pierre , Manceau Delphine , Trinquecoste Jean-François , Vernette Éric , Tissier-Desbordes Élisabeth
Published: March 2015

A l’occasion des 20 ans de la revue Décisions Marketing , sept rédacteurs en chef successifs, de l’origine de la revue à nos jours, apportent leur éclairage sur l’évolution de la prise de décision en marketing et ses enjeux, et sur la difficile conciliation des objectifs d’efficacité et d’éthique, de la légitimité interne et externe, dans une société désormais liquide.
Apport de la démarche neuroscientifique à la mesure des émotions : importation d’une nouvelle méthode de mesure de l’activité électrodermale
Authors: Droulers Olivier , Lajante Mathieu , Badie Sophie
Published: March 2015

Les émotions jouent un rôle essentiel lors de la prise de décision du consommateur. L’activité électrodermale, comme mesure du niveau d’activation émotionnelle (arousal), intéresse les chercheurs en marketing depuis de nombreuses années. Si ce signal est facile à enregistrer, il demeure complexe à traiter et à quantifier. Dans cet article, nous proposons des recommandations d’usage, présentons une méthode de traitement du signal récemment développée en neuroscience et l’appliquons à l’étude de huit publicités télévisées. Les résultats obtenus nous conduisent à recommander aux chercheurs et aux chargés d’études l’utilisation de cette nouvelle méthode de mesure.
Tuning myosin-driven sorting on cellular actin networks
Authors: Hariadi Rizal F , Sommese Ruth F , Sivaramakrishnan Sivaraj
Published: March 2015

Myosin V and VI are antagonistic motors that cohabit membrane vesicles in cells. A systematic study of their collective function, however, is lacking and forms the focus of this study. We functionally reconstitute a two-dimensional actin-myosin interface using myosin V and VI precisely patterned on DNA nanostructures, in combination with a model keratocyte actin meshwork. While scaffolds display solely unidirectional movement, their directional flux is modulated by both actin architecture and the structural properties of the myosin lever arm. This directional flux can be finely-tuned by the relative number of myosin V and VI motors on each scaffold. Pairing computation with experimental observations suggests that the ratio of motor stall forces is a key determinant of the observed competitive outcomes. Overall, our study demonstrates an elegant mechanism for sorting of membrane cargo using equally matched antagonistic motors, simply by modulating the relative number of engagement sites for each motor type.
Emergency Allotments in SNAP and Food Hardship Among Households With Children
Authors: Austin Anna E. , Sokol Rebeccah L.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Households with children and minoritized racial and ethnic groups experience a disproportionate burden of food hardship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the US federal government implemented emergency allotments in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), increasing the amount of food purchasing assistance received by many participating households.

Objective

To examine the association of implementing emergency allotments in SNAP with food hardship among households with children overall and for households with Black, Hispanic, and White children by comparing income-eligible households that did and did not participate in SNAP.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This ecologic cross-sectional study used 2016-2022 National Survey of Children’s Health data and a difference-in-differences approach to compare changes in the risk of food hardship from before implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP (2016-2019) to during implementation (2020-2022). Households with children younger than 18 years and incomes 130% or less of the federal poverty level (FPL) in all 50 states and Washington, DC, were included.

Exposure

Implementation of emergency allotments in SNAP.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was caregiver report of household food hardship during the past 12 months.

Results

Of 44 753 households with incomes 130% or less of the FPL, a weighted 23.4% had Black children, 56.7% had White children, and 19.9% had children of other races. More than one-third of households (37.8%) had Hispanic children, and 31.8% had young children aged 0 to 5 years. The percentage of households that experienced food hardship decreased from 2016 to 2021 (from 62.9% to 48.2% among SNAP-participating households and from 44.3% to 38.9% among income-eligible nonparticipating households) but increased in 2022 (to 58.0% among SNAP-participating households and to 47.5% among nonparticipating households). Adjusting for confounders, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating compared with nonparticipating households (risk ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96). Implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among SNAP-participating households with Hispanic (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.02) and White (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94) children compared with nonparticipating households but not among households with Black children (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.87-1.23).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this ecologic cross-sectional study, implementing emergency allotments in SNAP was associated with a decreased risk of food hardship among households with children. Efforts are needed to ensure that all populations benefit from economic policies.
Thermal Expansion Challenges and Solution Strategies for Phase Change Material Encapsulation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Xu Mingjian , Shi Chenwu , Li Peihang , Guo Xiaojie , Wang Binghui , Zou Deqiu
Published: August 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted increasing attention due to their efficient heat storage capability and small temperature fluctuation. And encapsulation has been recognized as an effective method to solve issues such as corrosion and leakage. For a long time, restricted by thermal expansion, encapsulation of PCMs has remained in the low‐temperature field and liquid‐state coating. In recent years, with the expansion of PCMs encapsulation into the medium and high temperature field and the development of solid‐state coating technology, encapsulation methods that consider thermal expansion have greatly improved the cycle life of encapsulated PCMs and make solid‐state coating of medium and high temperature PCMs possible. Herein, first, this paper summarizes the thermal expansion rates of common core and shell materials, as well as the thermal expansion behavior and stress analysis within confined spaces, proposing the necessity to solve thermal expansion issues. Subsequently, the solution strategies for solving thermal expansion issues in both macrocapsules and microcapsules are introduced. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy have been compared, and the applications of encapsulated PCMs after resolving thermal expansion issues have been introduced. Finally, the current issues, corresponding solutions, and future research directions have been put forward.
Transferred Chiroptical Transitions in Chiral Binaphthyl /π‐Conjugated Polymer Hybrid Films: Significance of Aromatic Solvent‐Mediated Co‐Crystallization
Authors: Lee Hanna , Takele Wassie M. , Kwon Jong Ik , Choi Changsoon , Kim Danbi , Cho Jeong Ho , Habteyes Terefe G. , Lim Jung Ah
Published: August 2024

For advancing next‐generation optoelectronics, a versatile strategy for fabricating π‐conjugated polymer (π‐CP)/chiral‐small molecule (SM) hybrid films through co‐crystallization‐mediated chirality transfer is reported. The transfer of optical chirality from 1,1′‐binaphthyl–2,2′‐diamine (BN), a representative chiral inducer SM, to thin films of various achiral π‐CPs, including non‐fluorene π‐CPs, is achieved by simply blending the π‐CPs with BN using aromatic organic solvents. The resulting π‐CP/chiral‐SM hybrid films exhibit chiroptical responses at the main electronic absorption bands of various π‐CPs. Studies of the morphology, crystalline structure, and phase‐separation structure of a representative hybrid system of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and BN reveal that these hybrid films exhibit a characteristic lamellar structure where the π‐CPs co‐crystallize with chiral BN molecules, facilitated by aromatic solvent‐assisted intermolecular π–π interactions. In‐depth photophysical analysis suggests that BN molecules co‐crystallized in the P3HT lamellar structure induce asymmetrically misaligned transition dipoles along the P3HT conjugated backbone, transferring optical chirality from BN to P3HT under circularly polarized light illumination. As a proof‐of‐concept, chiroptical photodiodes based on π‐CP/chiral‐SM hybrid films and printed micropatterns, exhibiting a distinguishable photocurrent response depending on the direction of circularly polarized light are successfully demonstrated.
3D Printed Miniaturized Magnetic Actuator for Micro‐Area Temperature Sensing
Authors: Peng Sida , Sun Shengzhi , Zhu Yi , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Huayong
Published: August 2024

Actuators containing sensors are developed for various applications. However, it is still challenging to equip miniaturized high‐precision sensors with actuators at the micrometer scale to achieve micro‐environment detection. Here, a two‐in‐one processing strategy to construct a sensor‐equipped magnetic actuator (SEMA) is proposed. The design of magnetic actuators is continuously optimized to achieve less resistance and faster acceleration. Besides, the temperature‐dependent properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are used to fabricate the temperature‐sensitive unit (TSU), with a sensitivity of up to 111 pm °C−1. Finally, as a proof of concept, the real‐time temperature detection of arbitrary micro‐area in microchannels is achieved. This method of equipping sensors with microactuators will bring many potential applications in microenvironment sensing, micro‐mechanical manipulating, and microcargo transporting.
Synthesis of Ladderanes by Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyclodimerization of Allenynes: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Nieto‐Carmona Juan C. , Quirós M. Teresa , Arribas‐Álvarez Iván , Pérez‐Maseda Fernando , van der Kolk Marnix R. , Martín Castro Ana M. , Labrador‐Santiago Jorge , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J.
Published: August 2024

We have developed a Ni‐catalyzed cyclodimerization of 1,6‐allenyenes which affords pentacyclic derivatives containing a [3]‐ladderane. Six new carbon‐carbon bonds are formed in a single operation which is fully atom‐economical. The reaction proceeds with an inexpensive catalyst and shows a broad scope in the alkyne, the allene and the tethering group. A computational and experimental study on the reaction mechanism suggests that this process proceeds by oxidative cyclometallation of the allenyne coordinated to Ni(0) followed by reductive elimination leading to cyclobutenes. Then, two of these molecules are coupled following a related cyclometallation‐reductive elimination sequence, the latter being the rate‐limiting step.
Rhodium Catalysts Based on Phenyl Substituted Cp Ligands for Indole Synthesis via Oxidative Coupling of Acetanilides and Alkynes
Authors: Kharitonov Vladimir B. , Muratov Dmitry V. , Rodionov Alexey N. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Navasardyan Mher A. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Loginov Dmitry A.
Published: August 2024

Rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of acetanilides and alkynes via C−H activation is the most powerful synthetic tool for producing the indole motif from commercially available precursors. However, this reaction usually requires large catalyst loadings (5 mol% of rhodium). In this study, a 1,2‐diphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand‐based catalyst was developed that works well at 1 mol% loading of rhodium. DFT calculations of the C−H activation step provided insight into its high catalytic activity. The catalyst efficiency was also demonstrated in the synthesis of naturally occurring isocoumarins, such as polygonolide, tubakialactone B and penicimarine F. The developed catalytic protocols tolerate a wide range of functional groups, for example, halide, nitro, hydroxy, and alkoxy.
Insights on SEI Growth and Properties in Na‐Ion Batteries via Physically Driven Kinetic Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Hankins Kie , Putra Miftahussurur Hamidi , Wagner‐Henke Janika , Groß Axel , Krewer Ulrike
Published: August 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show promise for the next generation of energy storage technology but face significant challenges in regards to stability due in part to uncontrolled degradation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) modeling is uniquely suited to provide molecular‐scale insight on the phenomena that influence SEI growth and behavior in SIBs over full charge. In this work, spatially‐ and time‐dependent electrical potential is incorporated into kMC modeling for the first time, which enables the precise study of electrochemical reactivity and SEI growth during charging. A reaction network for a carbonate/NaPF6 electrolyte developed using density functional theory is used to power the kMC simulations. The decomposition of NaPF6 and formation of NaF is unfavorable at standard conditions, suggesting that water or other contaminants are required to facilitate the reaction. The SEI is shown to be primarily made of Na2CO3. SEIs with low electric conductivities exhibit the most ideal behavior and high C‐rates generate thinner SEIs with greater fractions of organic species. Dissolution of SEI species is shown to occur rapidly, even during formation. The results of the model correspond well to the SEI behavior known in the literature, and reveal the fundamental mechanisms that influence cell behavior.
Beware! Different methods lead to divergent results on yawn contagion modulation in bonobos
Authors: De Vittoris Sara , Caselli Marta , Demuru Elisa , Gillespie Lisa , Norscia Ivan
Published: August 2024

Contagious yawning (CY)—linked to physiological synchronization and possibly emotional contagion—occurs when one individual's yawn induces yawning in others. CY was investigated over different time windows (minutes from the triggering stimulus) via naturalistic or experimental studies (using real and video yawns, respectively) with contrasting results, especially in bonobos. We verified whether in bonobos result divergences may derive from different methods. We gathered yawning data on 13 bonobos at Twycross Zoo (UK) via a naturalistic (all‐occurrences observations) and experimental approach (by showing yawn/control video stimuli). Based on literature, we used 1‐ and 3‐min windows to detect CY. Due to fission‐fusion management, individuals could form permanent or non‐permanent associations (more/less familiar subjects under naturalistic setting). Video yawn stimuli may come from group mates/stranger models (more/less familiar subjects under the experimental setting). Stimulus type and time window affected CY modulating factors but not CY detection. Familiarity and age effect on CY showed opposite trends in 3‐min trials and 1‐min observations. CY was highest in oldest, non‐permanently (rather than permanently) associated subjects in the naturalistic setting, but in the youngest subjects and with ingroup (rather than outgroup) models in trials. The age effect differences on CY might be due to decontextualized yawns and immature subject curiosity toward videos. The reversed familiarity effect suggests CY's context‐dependent function in promoting social synchronization with socially distant group mates, as failing to coordinate as a group may lead to social disruption. Complementary methods are needed to fully understand motor replication phenomena.
Potent and Protease Resistant Azapeptide Agonists of the GLP‐1 and GIP Receptors
Authors: Dinsmore Tristan C. , Liu Jamie , Miao Jiayuan , Ünsal Özge , Sürmeli Damla , Beinborn Martin , Lin Yu‐Shan , Kumar Krishna
Published: August 2024

The gut‐derived peptide hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) play important physiological roles including glucose homeostasis and appetite suppression. Stabilized agonists of the GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) and dual agonists of GLP‐1R and GIP receptor (GIPR) for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity have generated widespread enthusiasm and have become blockbuster drugs. These therapeutics are refractory to the action of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4), that catalyzes rapid removal of the two N‐terminal residues of the native peptides, in turn severely diminishing their activity profiles. Here we report that a single atom change from carbon to nitrogen in the backbone of the entire peptide makes them refractory to DPP4 action while still retaining full potency and efficacy at their respective receptors. This was accomplished by use of aza‐amino acids, that are bioisosteric replacements for α‐amino acids that perturb the structural backbone and local side chain conformations. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that aza‐amino acid can populate the same conformational space that GLP‐1 adopts when bound to the GLP‐1R. The insertion of an aza‐amino acid at the second position from the N‐terminus in semaglutide and in a dual agonist of GLP‐1R and GIPR further demonstrates its capability as a viable alternative to current DPP4 resistance strategies while offering additional structural variation that may influence downstream signaling.
Self‐Initiated Nano‐Micelles Mediated Covalent Modification of mRNA for Labeling and Treatment of Tumors
Authors: Li Yong , Lei Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , Zhang Bin , Hu Yong‐Guo , Guan Meng , Cheng Kai , Chen Wei , Liu Bo , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Zhao Yuan‐Di
Published: August 2024

As a promising gene therapy strategy, controllable small molecule‐mRNA covalent modification in tumor cells could be initiated by singlet oxygen (1O2) to complete the modification process. However, in vivo generation of 1O2 is usually dependent on excitation of external light, and the limited light penetration of tissues greatly interferes the development of deep tumor photo therapy. Here, we constructed a tumor‐targeting nano‐micelle for the spontaneous intracellular generation of 1O2 without the need for external light, and inducing a high level of covalent modification of mRNA in tumor cells. Luminol and Ce6 were chemically bonded to produce 1O2 by chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) triggered by high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The sufficient 1O2 oxidized the loaded furan to highly reactive dicarbonyl moiety, which underwent cycloaddition reaction with adenine (A), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) on the mRNA for interfering with the tumor cell protein expression, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that this self‐initiated gene therapy nano‐micelle could induce covalent modification of mRNA by 1O2 without external light, and the process could be monitored in real time by fluorescence imaging, which provided an effective strategy for RNA‐based tumor gene therapy.
A new application of MoS2@AG@PA prepared by irradiation: Synergizing with magnesium hydroxide to enhance fire safety and other key properties of EVA composites
Authors: Zhang Tongwei , Qin Huijie , Bao Lihong , Xu Mingkao , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi
Published: August 2024

Two‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are seen as highly promising nanofillers for enhancing polymer properties, yet there is a need for methods that are low‐cost, simple, and environmentally friendly to facilitate the large‐scale production of MoS2 nanosheets. Furthermore, it is necessary to functionalize the MoS2 surface to ensure good interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix. In this study, MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids were created by generating silver nanoparticles directly on the surface of MoS2 via radiation, followed by encapsulation on the surface of MoS2@Ag through the chelating properties of phytic acid. It is significant to note that, due to the excellent lubrication and physical cross‐linking effects of the MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids, adding one part of MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids can enhance the melt flow rate and elongation at break of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/MH composites by 140% and 17.3%, respectively. The simultaneous addition of one part of MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids decreased the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of the EVA composites by 48.7%, 42.7%, and 41.2%, respectively. Moreover, the toxic gasses (e.g., CO) generated by burning EVA composites were significantly reduced compared to pure EVA, indicating improved fire safety. This research not only provides significant opportunities for the green mass production of MoS2 nanosheets but also expands their potential applications in high‐performance nanocomposites.
Functional expression and characterization of CAPA receptor in the digestive tract and life stages of Drosophila suzukii, and differential activities with insect PRXamide peptides
Authors: Price Briana E. , Jang Hyo Sang , Parks Ryssa K. , Choi Man‐Yeon
Published: August 2024

Spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive vinegar fly that is a major threat to the small fruits industries globally. Insect capa genes encode multiple neuropeptides, including CAPA‐periviscerokinin (CAPA‐PVK) peptides, that are specifically known to cause diuresis or anti‐diuresis in various organisms. Here we identified and characterized a corresponding G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) of the D. suzukii CAPA‐PVK peptides: CAPA receptor (CAPA‐R). To better characterize the behavior of D. suzukii CAPA‐R, we used insect cell‐based functional expression assays to evaluate responses of CAPA‐R against D. suzukii CAPA‐PVKs, CAPA‐PVKs from five species in Insecta, one species from Mollusca, modified CAPA‐PVK peptides, and some PRXamide family peptides: pyrokinin (PK), diapause hormone (DH), and ecdysis‐triggering hormone (ETH). Functional studies revealed that the D. suzukii CAPA‐R is strongly activated by both of its own natural D. suzukii CAPA‐PVKs, and interestingly, it was strongly activated by other CAPA‐PVK peptides from Frankliniella occidentallis (Thysanoptera), Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera), Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera). However, D. suzukii CAPA‐R was not activated by Mollusca CAPA‐PVK or the other PRXamide peptides. Gene expression analyses showed that the CAPA‐R was highly expressed in the Malpighian tubules and moderately in hindgut compared to other digestive organs or the rest of body, supporting diuretic/antidiuretic functionality. When compared across life stages of D. suzukii, expression of CAPA‐R was approximately 1.5x greater in the third instar than the other stages and minimally detected in the eggs, 4‐day old pupae and 3‐day old adults. Our results functionally characterized the D. suzukii CAPA‐R and a few short peptides were identified as potential biological targets to exploit the CAPA‐R for D. suzukii management.
Evidence for the O−H⋅⋅⋅O=C Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bond in Tropolones and Quantification of its σ‐ and π‐Components Using Molecular Tailoring Approach
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Rusinska‐Roszak Danuta
Published: August 2024

For a series of tropolones, the nature of the intramolecular O−H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bond closing the five‐membered quasi‐cycle was studied. Enhancement of conjugation in the hydrogen‐bonded rotamer was revealed. Quantification of hydrogen bond energy in tropolones via the molecular tailoring approach yields values in the range from 15 to 20 kcal/mol suggesting that the intramolecular interaction in tropolones has nature of the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond. The total resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond energy in the tropolones was divided into σ‐ and π‐components. The magnitudes of total energy of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the substituted tropolones can be controlled by the electronic properties of the substituents at the tropone ring. In 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐substituted tropolones, the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond energy is raised due to electron‐donating substituents and lowered due to electron‐withdrawing ones. The opposite trend is observed in 7‐substituted tropolones. The size of the π‐shares plays a crucial role in establishing the total energy of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond. The reason for the occurrence of a resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the tropolones is the molecular backbone aromaticity, since, in accordance with the Hückel rule, 10 π‐electrons are delocalized.
Design of a Doherty power amplifier based on extended continuous class‐GF mode for broadband applications
Authors: Xuan Xuefei , Cheng Zhiqun , Hayes Brendan , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Ziming , Gong Tingwei , Le Chao
Published: August 2024

In this article, a systematic theory and design approach are presented to achieve bandwidth expansion of the Doherty power amplifier (DPA) by using extended continuous Class‐GF (ECCGF) power amplifiers (PAs) as carrier PAs. The results of the theoretical analysis indicate that compared to conventional DPA, introducing ECCGF PA as carrier PA into the DPA design can establish two larger target impedance spaces with overlapping regions for saturation and output back‐off (OBO) power levels, which can reduce the design complexity of impedance inverter networks (IINs) while achieving DPA bandwidth expansion. Based on this, the proposed design theory is validated in the design and fabrication of a prototype DPA employing the CGH40010F GaN HEMT provided by MACOM. The measured results show that under continuous wave excitation, the designed DPA delivers a saturated output power of 43.1–44.2 dBm in the range of 1.3–2.7 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 70%. The drain efficiencies of 61.2%–73.2% and 42.5%–52.7% are achieved over the entire band at the saturation and 6‐dB OBO power levels, respectively. The measured results also confirmed the theoretical findings.
Systematic approach to improve performance of asymmetrical 21‐level inverter with fewer components
Authors: Das Madan Kumar , Mahish Priyatosh , Buduma Parusharamulu , Mishra Sukumar
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a systematic approach to enhance the performance of a 21‐level asymmetrical multilevel inverter (MLI) with less power electronics switches and DC voltage sources. In the first step (Configuration 1), the voltage level is improved at the cost of DC‐link voltage utilization. In the second step (Configuration 2), the ratio of the DC‐link voltages is modified to improve the utilization of DC‐link voltage, with an insignificant reduction of voltage levels as compared to Configuration 1. Finally, another modification of the MLI configuration is proposed (Configuration 3), by incorporating an H‐bridge in place of a T‐type module for further improvement of DC source utilization and increasing the number of voltage levels. Thus, Configuration 3 improves the inverter's total standing voltage (TSV) and efficiency. To reduce the number of DC sources, the output voltage levels are obtained in Configuration 3 by adding and subtracting the input DC sources. Moreover, conducting switches are reduced to minimize conduction loss and maximize efficiency. The DS1103‐based digital controller is used to verify the performance of the proposed configurations, which are compared with the literature‐based MLI models.
Assessment of suspended sediment export and dynamics using in‐line turbidity sensors and time series statistical models
Authors: Tye Andrew M. , Leeming Kathryn A. , Gong Mengyi , Marchant Benjamin , Hurst Martin D.
Published: August 2024

The Coln is an ecologically sensitive river in a limestone dominated catchment with no major tributaries. Three in‐line turbidity sensors were installed to monitor changes in the dynamics of suspended sediment transport from headwaters to the confluence. The aims were to (i) provide estimates of yield (t km−2 year−1) and likely drivers of suspended sediment over ~3 years and (ii) assess turbidity dynamics during storm events in different parts of the catchment. In addition, the sensor installation allowed a novel wavelet analysis based on identifying groups of turbidity peaks to estimate transport times of suspended sediment through the catchment. Yearly suspended sediment yields calculated for the upper catchment were typically less than 4 t ha−1 year−1 being similar to other UK limestone or chalk‐based rivers. Time series autoregressive integrated moving average models including explanatory variable regression modelling indicated that river discharge, groundwater level and water temperature were all significant predictors of turbidity levels throughout the year. However, high model residuals demonstrate that the models failed to capture random turbidity events. Five parts of the time series data were used to examine sediment dynamics. Plots of scaled discharge verses turbidity demonstrated that in the upper catchment, after initial suspended sediment generation, sediment quickly became limited. In the lower catchment, hysteresis analysis suggested that sediment dilution occurred, due to increasing base flow. The novel wavelet analysis demonstrated that during winter ‘sediment events’ identified as groups of turbidity peaks, took ~18 h to pass from the first sensor in the upper catchment to the second sensor (10.3 km downstream of sensor 1) and 24 h to the third sensor (23.3 km from sensor 1). The work demonstrates the potential for using multiple turbidity sensors and time series statistical techniques in developing greater understanding of suspended sediment dynamics and associated poor water quality in ecologically sensitive rivers.
Advancements in covalent organic framework‐based nanocomposites: Pioneering materials for CO2 reduction and storage
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Dave Pragnesh N
Published: August 2024

The persistent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration poses a significant contemporary challenge. Contemporary chemistry is heavily focused on sustainable solutions, particularly the photo‐/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and its utilization for energy storage. Despite promising prospects, efficient chemical CO2 conversion faces obstacles such as ineffective CO2 uptake/activation and catalyst mass transport. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as potential catalysts due to their precise structural design, functionalizable chemical environments, and robust architectures. COF‐based materials, especially those incorporating diverse active sites like single metal sites, metal nanoparticles, and metal oxides, hold promise for CO2 conversion and energy storage. This review sheds light on CO2 photoreduction/electroreduction and storage in Li‐CO2 batteries catalyzed by COF‐based composites, focusing on recent advancements in integrating COFs with nanoparticles for CO2 reduction. It discusses design principles, synthesis methods, and catalytic mechanisms driving the enhanced performance of COF‐based nanocomposites across various applications, including electrochemical reduction, photocatalysis, and lithium CO2 batteries. The review also addresses challenges and prospects of COF‐based catalysts for efficient CO2 utilization, aiming to steer the development of innovative COF‐based nanocomposites, thus advancing sustainable energy technologies and environmental stewardship. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fossile Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern II. Arten aus den Gattungen Ebenoxylon Felix und Eudiospyroxylon gen. nov.
Authors: Müller‐Stoll Wolfgang R. , Mädel‐Angeliewa Erika
Published: August 2024

Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden die Ebenaceen behandelt; sie gehören ebenfalls zu den Hölzern mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern. Es wird hier Ebenoxylon diospyroides Felix emend, sowie Eudiospyroxylon multiradiadum (Felix) comb. nov. beschriehen. Beide Hölzer stammen aus der Schliffsammlung Felix in Leipzig und gehören zu den Stücken von der Insel Antigua (Kleine Antillen). Letzteres ist das zweite Holz der Gruppe Eudiospyroxylon; das erste stammt aus Nordamerika und wird als E. washingtonianum (Prakash & Barghoorn) comb. nov. bezeichnet.
Fossile Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern, III. Die Sapotaceae‐Gattung Chrysophylloxylon gen. nov.
Authors: Müller‐Stoll Wolfgang R. , Mädel‐Angeliewa Erika
Published: August 2024

Im dritten Teil der Arbeit werden die Sapotaceae behandelt. Es handelt sich um ein neues Holz aus Ungarn, Chrysophylloxylon reticulatum gen. nov., sp. nov., von Szakal im Komitat Nógrád. Die Schliffe gehören dem Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main, die Stücke dagegen der Ungarischen Geologischen Anstalt in Budapest. Am Schluß wird eine Übersicht über alle bisher bekannten Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern gegeben. Diese Übersicht bezieht sich auf alle drei Teile dieser Arbeit.
A survey of the ruderal plant communities of Western Slovakia I.1)
Authors: Eliásn Pavol
Published: August 2024

Short characteristics of the plant nitrophilous communities occurring in Western Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, are presented in the form of the syntaxonomical survey. The survey contains about 130 ruderal associations belonging to the classes Bidentetea tripatiti Tx., Lohmeyer et Preising in Tx. 1950, Sisymbrietea officinalis Gutte et Hilbig 1975 em., Polygono‐Chenopodietea (Lohmeyer, J. et R. Tx. 1961) Eliáš 1983, Meliloto‐Artemisietea absinthii Eliáš 1980. Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer, Preising et Tx. in Tx. 1950 em. Eliáš 1981, Agropyretea repentis Oberdorfer, Th. Müller et Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967, Polygono‐Poetea annuae Rivas‐Martínez 1975 and Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 em. 1970.

First typifying of the ruderal communities on the basis prevailing life‐forms, on the basis their seasonal dynamics and synphenology as well as on the basis of their position within the successional serie is given. The classification of the anthropogenic habitats of the ruderal communities in the region is also presented. The paper contains complete bibliography of the phytoeenological literature on Slovak ruderal vegetation.
The taxonomic position of Ceraria Pears. & Steph., Portulacaria Jacq, and Silvaea Phil.
Authors: Nyananyo B. Louis , Olowokudejo J. Dele
Published: August 2024

Prior to this study, Ceraria Pearson & Stephens, Portulacaria Jacquin and Silvaea Philippi are generally regarded as genera of uncertain taxonomic affinity. They are usually placed between the Basellaceae and Portulacaceae. Evidence is adduced to indicate that these genera are closer to the .Portulacaceae, especially in respect of pollen morphology, leaf flavonoids embryo position and habit.
Floral anatomy of two Lentibulariaceae
Authors: Narayana L. L. , Satyavathi D. V. Laxmi
Published: August 2024

The floral anatomy of Utricularia bifida L. and U. albocaerulea Dalz, has been studied. The flower is strongly zygomorphic with connation, adnation and reduction of floral parts and their traces. The vascular anatomy of the flower reveals the pentamerous plan of the flower (except the gynoecium). The sepals are 3‐traced and the petals and the stamens are single traced. A spur is developed from the anterior corolla lobe. There is no external or anatomical evidence for the suppressed stamens. The ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular with ovules on free central placentation. The carpels are 5‐traced. The anterior stigmatic lobe alone is fertile. Stalked glandular hairs with a multicellular head arc present on the bract, bracteoles, sepals and the inner surface of the spur cavity.
Observations botaniques sur quelques Marigots en Republique du Mali
Authors: Aberlin Jean‐Pierre
Published: August 2024

L'étude floristique de 14 marigots du Mali central montre la grande diversité de plantes (375) observées dans cette formation.

Une Sous‐Alliance et deux Associations latitudinalement distinctes sont définies.
The ruderal vegetation of Baškiria
Authors: Mirkin B. M. , Solomešč A. I. , Išbirdin A. R. , Sachapov M. T.
Published: August 2024

The ruderal vegetation of Baškiria has been investigated. The environments of this republic arc very different‐natural vegetation changes from conifer woods to steppe and soils from podzolic to chernozem. The syntaxonomy of ruderal communities drawn up in accordance with Braun‐Blanquet principles on the base of more than five thousands of relevés and includes five classes of the traditional Central European system (Bidentetea tripartiti, Chenopodietea. Artemisielea vulgaris, Agropyretea repentis, Plantaginetea majoris) and one new class Polygono‐Artemisietca austriacae – the xerophytic vicariant of Plantaginetea majoris. The phytosociological tables for associations arc given and syntaxonomical, syndynamical and ecological relations of these units are discussed.
Some Considerations on the late Miocene Flora from Vienna‐Türkenschanze (Austria)
Authors: Givulescu R.
Published: August 2024

Vegetation, ecology and climate are investigated on leaf flora of the late Miocene flora from Türkenschanze — Vienna (Austria), Arguments for a xeromorphic, short period of extremely aride climate are invalid. The fossil plant record, and the percentage of entire margined leaves indicates a warm temperate, of variable humidity, climate without remarkable dry season.
Die Pflanzengesellschaften der Stehenden Gewässer im Norden der DDR Teil I. Die Gesellschaften des offenen Wassers (Characeen‐Gesellschaften)
Authors: Doll R.
Published: August 2024

In dieser Arbeit werden die Characeen‐Gesellschaften des nördlichen Teils der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik erfaßt und diskutiert.

Es wurden die folgenden Gesellschaften unterschieden: Nitelletum flexilis Corill, 57, Nitelletum opacac Corill. 57, Nitelletum mucronatae Doll. ass. nov., Nitello‐Vaucherietum dichotomae (Pass. 04) Krausch 64, Charetum asperae Corill. 57, Charetum contrariae Corill. 57, Charetum ‘macrotelis’. Schmidt 81, Charetum delicatulae Doll ass. nov., Charetum intermediae A. Melzkr 77, Charetum tomentosac (Sauer 37) Corill. 57, Charetum polyacanthae Dambska 66, Charetum fragilis Fijalk. 60, Charetum jubatae Krausch 64, Charetum rudis Dambska 66, Charetum hispidae Corill. 57, Charetum equisetinae Schmidt 81, Nitellopsidetum obtusae Damuska 61, Charetum vulgaris Krause 69, Nitelletum gracilis Corill. 57, Nitelletum capillaris Corill. 57, Charetum canescentis Corill. 57, Chara baltica‐Gesellschaft ss. Lindner 78.

Außerdem werden vorgestellt:

Najadetum intermediae (Koch 26) Lang 73, Potamogeto‐Najadetum marinae Horv. et Mic. in Horv. 63, Najadetum minoris Ubriszy (48) 61.
Friendship stings: Jealousy behind a close friend's extraordinary experiences
Authors: Wang Liangyan , Nie Xinyu , Chan Eugene Y.
Published: August 2024

People believe that close friends will naturally share their positive feelings, such as the pleasure of extraordinary experiences. But is that true? We find that people are more likely to be jealous of close friends' extraordinary experiences than those of acquaintances (Study 1). This is because close friends (vs. acquaintances) are more likely to make comparisons, which ultimately leads to jealousy (Studies 2, 5). But this does not mean that keeping secrets from close friends is a better choice. The secrecy of our close friends' extraordinary experiences actually amplifies jealousy (Studies 3, 5), with implications for consumer purchase intentions (Study 4). These studies suggest that close friendships may sting you in some unexpected situations (i.e., extraordinary experiences).
Washington state has shorter waits for competency evaluations
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2024

Following a decade‐long challenge involving long wait times for offenders with mental illness awaiting mental competency and evaluation hearings, Washington state health officials and advocates said they are pleased with the much‐needed improvements in decreased wait times for those hearings. Additionally, a new behavioral health facility is slated to open in 2025 in response to the increasing demand for people in jail waiting for competency services.