bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge odd graceful of alternate snake graphs
Authors: Soleha M , Purwanto  , Rahmadani D
Published: January 2022

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G), edge set E(G), and the number of edges q. An edge odd graceful labeling of G is a bijection f : E(G) → {1,3,5, …,2q − 1} so that induced mapping f
+ : V(G) → {0,1,2, …,2q − 1} given by f
+(x) = ∑
xy∈E(G)
f(xy) (mod 2q) is injective. A graph which admits an edge odd graceful labeling is called edge odd graceful. An alternate triangular snake graph

A
(

C
3
m

)

is a graph obtained from a path u
1
u
2
u
3 … u
2m
by joining every u
2i−1 and u
2i
to a new vertex υi
, 1 ≤ i ≤ m. An alternate quadrilateral snake graph

A
(

C
4
m

)

is a graph obtained from vertices u
1, u
2,u
3,…,u
2m
by joining every u
2i−1 and u
2i
to two vertices υi
and wi
,1 ≤ i ≤ m, and joining every u
2i
to u
2i+1 with 1 ≤ i ≤ m − 1. In this paper, we show that alternate triangular snake and alternate quadrilateral snake graphs are edge odd graceful.
Implementation of the greedy algorithm on graph coloring
Authors: Sipayung T N , Suwilo S , Gultom P , Mardiningsih
Published: January 2022

Graph theory is part of the field of mathematics that can be applied in various other fields of science to solve problems. One of them is the problem of determining the color on the map. The map that will be colored here is a map of the Deli Serdang regency which consists of 22 sub-districts. The coloring of the map is done by first modeling it in the form of a graph. One way to determine the minimum color of a graph is to use a greedy algorithm. From the map, we get a dual graph with 22 vertices and 41 edges. Based on the greedy algorithm that has been applied, the minimum number of colors is obtained as many as four colors, namely blue, green, red, and yellow with each district directly bordering having a different color. The results of map coloring by applying the greedy algorithm are also obtained with the help of the python 3.7 programming language.
On r-dynamic coloring of central vertex join of path, cycle with certain graphs
Authors: Mohanapriya N , Kalaiselvi K , Aparna V , Dafik  , Agustin I H
Published: January 2022

Let G = (V, E) be a simple finite connected and undirected graph with n vertices and m edges. The n vertices are assigned the colors through mapping c : V [G] → I
+. An r-dynamic coloring is a proper k-coloring of a graph G such that each vertex of G receive colors in at least min{deg(υ),r} different color classes. The minimum k such that the graph G has r-dynamic k coloring is called the r-dynamic chromatic number of graph G denoted as χ

r
(G). Let G
1 and G
2 be a graphs with n
1 and n
2 vertices and m
1 and m
2 edges. The central vertex join of G1 and G
2 is the graph

G
1

 

V
˙

 

G
2

is obtained from C(G
1) and G
2 joining each vertex of G
1 with every vertex of G
2. The aim of this paper is to obtain the lower bound for r-dynamic chromatic number of central vertex join of path with a graph G, central vertex join of cycle with a graph G and r-dynamic chromatic number of

P
m

V
˙

 

P
n

,
 

P
m

V
˙

 

K
n

,
 

P
m

V
˙

 

K
n

,
 

P
m

V
˙

 

C
n

,
 

C
m

V
˙

 

K
n

and

C
m

V
˙

 

C
n

respectively.
Anonymously tracking covid-19 patient using labeling graph approach and GPS tracking technology
Authors: Azizah Nuril Lutvi , Indahyanti Uce
Published: January 2022

The increasing number of patient infected by Covid-19 viruses in Indonesia, causing each personal to be more vigilant in doing activities outside. Many patients who are positively exposed to the corona viruses are self isolating in their own house because the hospital is full. Patiens who have recovered and tested negative from the corona viruses can work outside the house. The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding patients infected with Covid-19 in certain area through a tracing application. This apllication can help public to find out how many individuals are infected with Covid-19 in the surrounding environment by priorizing patient privacy and in real time anonymously. The method used is a combination of labelling graph theory and the GPS tracing system applied to the gadget. The programming language use in this gadget cases is flutter. The stages that will be carried out are starting from tracing patients infected with Covid-19 based on the position of tracing area, then predicted through a graph model approach based on distance and percentage of transmission. The result of this research is the percentage of prediction about personal vulnerability. The initiation of prediction divide into saveral categories, including vulnerable, moderate, or safe.
Determination of bulog regional sub-division in east java using connected domination number theory
Authors: Umilasari Reni , Saifudin Ilham
Published: January 2022

Bulog is a state-owned public company engaged in food logistics. There are about 18 Bulog warehouses in East Java Province with an uneven distribution. Because the scope of Bulog’s business includes logistics or warehousing, surveys and pest eradication, provision of plastic bags, transportation business, food commodity trading and retail business, there must be good coordination between regional sub-divisions and warehouse complexes. In this study, the minimum regional sub-division recommendations in the East Java region were determined using the theory of connected domination number in graphs. The location of the warehouse complex is described as the vertex and adjacent warehouse complexes are connected by edges. In this research, we also determine the connected domination number of unicyclic graph and vertex amalgamation operations for several classes of graphs.
Graphs with strong 3-rainbow index equals 2
Authors: Salman A N M , Awanis Z Y , Saputro S W
Published: January 2022

LetGbe an edge-colored connected graph of ordern≥ 3, where adjacent edges may be colored the same. Letkbe an integer with 2 ≤k≤nandS⊆V(G) with |S| =k. The Steiner distanced(S) ofSis the minimum size of a tree inGconnectingS. The strongk-rainbow indexsrxk(G) ofGis the minimum number of colors required to color the edges ofGso that every setSinGis connected by a tree of sized(S) whose edges have distinct colors. We focus onk= 3. In this paper, we first characterize the graphsGwithsrx3(G) = 2. According to the definition, it is clearly that ‖G‖ is the trivial upper bound forsrx3(G). Several previous researchers have shown that there exist some connected graphsGsuch thatsrx3(G) = ‖G‖. Hence, in this paper, we provide another graphGsuch thatsrx3(G) = ‖G‖.
On the resolving strong domination number of some wheel related graphs
Authors: Humaizah R , Dafik  , Kristiana A I , Agustin I H , Kurniawati E Y
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyse the resolving strong dominating set. This concept combinations of two notions, they are metric dimension and strong domination set. By a resolving strong domination set, we mean a set D
s ⊂ V(G) which satisfies the definition of strong dominating set as well as resolving set. The resolving strong domination number of graph G, denoted by γrst
(G), is the minimum cardinality of resolving strong dominating set of G. In this paper, we determine the resolving strong domination number of some wheel related graphs, namely helm graph Hn
, gear graph Gn
, and flower graph Fln
. Through this paper, we will use the notations γst
(G) and dim(G) which show the strong domination and dimension numbers.
On local vertex irregular reflexive coloring of graphs
Authors: Dafik  , Koesoemawati D J , Agustin I H , Kurniawati E Y , Nisviasari R
Published: January 2022

Let χ(G) be a chromatic number of proper coloring on G. For an injection f : V (G) → {0, 2, . . . ; 2kυg
} and f : E(G) → }1, 2, . . . , ke
}, where k = max{ke
, 2kχ
} for kυ
, ke
are natural number. The associated weight of a vertex u, υ ∈ V (G) under f is w(u) = f(u) + ∑
uυ∈E(G)f(uυ). The function f is called a local vertex irregular reflexive k-labeling if every two adjacent vertices has distinct weight. When we assign each vertex of G with a color of the vertex weight w(uυ), thus we say the graph G admits a local vertex irregular reflexive coloring. The smallest number of vertex weights needed to color the vertices of G such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color is called a local vertex irregular reflexive chromatic number, denoted by
χirvs
(G). Furthermore, the minimum k required such that
χlrvs
(G) = χ(G) is called a local reflexive vertex color strength, denoted by lrvcs(G). In this paper, we will obtain the lrvcs(G) and characterize the existence of a graph with given its local reflexive vertex color strength.
H-infinity for autonomous surface vehicle position estimation
Authors: Herlambang T , Rahmalia D , Suryowinoto A , Yudianto F , Susanto F A , Anshori M Y
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is a country with a very prominent marine charm, and it is the largest archipelago in the world, covering about 50% of the coral triangle area, providing marine tourist resorts. Therefore tourism development is quite promising. For that purpose, simple boats are of necessity for tourists to enjoy the beauty of such marine tourism. One solution to support such marine tourism sector is the availability of Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV). This vehicle will be the interest of this paper. This study used Touristant ASV with dimensions of 1.5 m in diameter, 4 meters in length and 1.3 meters in height. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study with a focus on the estimation of ASV position with ASV motion influenced by wind speed and wave height by applying the H-infinity method. The position error generated from the simulation shows that the position error has an accuracy of about 96%.
Estimation of shoulder and elbow joint angle from linear quadratic tracking based on six muscle force vectors
Authors: Herlambang T , Rahmalia D , Nurhadi H , Suryowinoto A , Karya D F
Published: January 2022

Two dimensional human’s arm is one of the optimal control application. This arm model consists of joint angles consisting of shoulder joint and elbow joint. Beside that, there are also muscle force vectors consisting of pectoralis major, posterior deltoid, brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and longhead of triceps. Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) is constructed to obtain solution of state and optimal control. From state solution and optimal control obtained, they will be used estimation by Backpropagation and ANFIS. From data resulted from LQT simulation, the input used are muscle force vectors. They will be used for estimation the output i.e. angle of shoulder joint and angle of elbow joint. From the LQT simulation, the angle position can follow the given reference function. Then Backpropagation and ANFIS can make estimation in angle of shoulder joint and angle of elbow joint based on six muscle force vectors with small RMSE. In Backpropagation, the estimation result of angle of shoulder joint between target and output with RMSE is 0.0954 and the estimation result of angle elbow joint between target and output with RMSE is 0.2528. In ANFIS, the estimation result of angle of shoulder joint between target and output with RMSE is 0.0062 and the estimation result of angle elbow joint between target and output with RMSE is 0.0526.
The quality of coffee bean classification system based on color by using k-nearest neighbor method
Authors: Adiwijaya Nelly Oktavia , Romadhon Hammam Iqomatuddin , Putra Januar Adi , Kuswanto Dewangga Putra
Published: January 2022

Sorting coffee bean nowadays is still done manually, although there is already a support machine for separation through size, but to determine the quality of the seeds remain manual using human power. This coffee bean sorting is in the spotlight to research whether it can be more effective if there is a tool that can directly find out the quality of coffee. This system will make it easier for workers in the field. In addition to saving time, costs will decrease and also the work of workers will be reduced. This paper present the implementation of machine learning method to classify the coffee bean quality. The dataset use 90 coffee bean for three classes and 30 for each class. From the experimental result, the highest accuracy obtain 83%.
Combination of high order kernel estimators for estimation of fruit trees biomass on critical land
Authors: Zulfikar  , Munawarah  , Susanti Ambar
Published: January 2022

This study aims to estimate fruit tree biomass with a high-order Gaussian kernel estimator. The source of the data was obtained by estimating the relationship between tree diameter (x) and tree biomass (y) which was obtained through the allometric equation y = 0.11ρx2.62 for branched trees. Data samples were taken as many as 250 obtained from 5 sub-district locations in critical land on longan and mango fruit tree vegetation. The relationship between x and y is then estimated in the form of an equation yi = m (xi) + εi where, i = 1, 2, n. The results of the analysis using the kernel estimator showed that the tree biomass estimation resulted in a smooth regression curve at an optimal bandwidth (h) score of 1.3 (GCV = 122.92) longan and 2.6 (GCV = 3523.25) mango. The relationship between MSE and bandwidth shows a very strong negative correlation with a score of r = -0.959 (p.value = 0.04) in the estimated longan biomass and r = -0.964 (p.value = 0.03) in the estimated mango biomass and is significant (α = 0.05). This means that a parallel increase in the bandwidth score will decrease the MSE score when GCV is controlled.
Microplastics in Digestive System of Little-black cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) in Pulau Rambut Sanctuary
Authors: Susanti N K Y , Mardiastuti A , Hariyadi S
Published: January 2022

Microplastics have been found in many seabirds in various areas in the world, but there has been no report from Indonesia. The objective of this research was to discover whether there were microplastics in the Indonesian Seabirds, represented by the Little-black cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris). The study site was Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary, a small island in Jakarta Bay, where a big colony of the cormorants’ nests together with other waterbirds. The gastrointestinal tract of a sample Little-black cormorant was collected to find macroplastic, mesoplastic, or microplastic. Microplastics were detected through NaCl dilution, followed by observation using 10x10 magnification and SRCC. There was no macroplastic and mesoplastic found in the sampled bird. As for microplastic, 16 microplastic particles of different types, sizes, and colours were found, giving an estimation of 320 particles/bird. Microplastic film type were dominant (75.0%), followed by fiber (18.7%) and fragment (6.3%). The size of the microplastic was mostly (68.7%) between 100-1,000 μm. Color-wise, more than half (56.2%) were transparent. Other colors found were red (18.7%), black (12.5%), yellow and blue (6.2% each), no brown or green.
Quantification of Riverbank Macroplastic Contamination in The Lower Citarum River
Authors: Hidayat H , Aisyah S , Rahmadya A , Husrin S , Hermana I S , Hurley R , Olsen M
Published: January 2022

Plastic waste generation has been increasing over the last decades. Rivers represent complex environments where plastics may be stored and remobilized. Studies on riverine plastic, including riverbank contamination, are still lacking. Riverbank surveys were carried out in the Citarum River, Indonesia, at three river sections in Purwakarta, Karawang, and Muara Gembong in March-April 2021. The aim was to quantify the abundance of plastic waste at different points in the riverbank zone. The sample ‘monolith’ was taken by digging a quadrat of 30x30x10 cm3. All material was then weighed. Three replicates along the length of the bank and three replicates across the bank were taken. The non-plastic fraction was weighed and its composition was estimated. Plastic fraction was classified into categories, counted, and weighed. The result show that plastic litter was found in all monolith ranging from 0.7-301 g of plastic litter per monolith. The largest proportion of plastic contaminant was found in Karawang with 2.85% of plastic in a single monolith and the largest average plastic contaminant was about 0.78% of the total monolith weight, showing that plastic contamination is prevalent. Enhancing waste management, reducing single-use plastics, and plastic recycling are recommended to tackle plastic contamination in the study area.
Observation of Floating Inorganic Macro-debris in The Downstream Citarum River using Manual Counting
Authors: Aisyah S , Hidayat H , Rahmadya A , Husrin S , Hurley R , Olsen M
Published: January 2022

Inorganic Macro-debris (IMD) such as plastics can negatively affect aquatic life and human wellbeing. Information about IMD transport in river systems is required to optimize prevention, mitigation, and reduction strategies. However, this data is currently lacking. Manual counting technique can be used to quantify and characterize macro-debris contamination and its transport in rivers. We demonstrate how this method can provide a rapid and cost-effective tool for characterization and quantification of floating macro-debris. This study aims to quantify the abundance of IMD, explore the spatio-temporal trends, and identify the composition of floating IMD in the downstream section of the Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out in March and May 2021. Observations were performed between 8 AM and 5 PM across the whole river width across several days. Results showed that IMD transport varies between days, ranging from 60 to 350 pieces in March and 40 to 4700 IMD pieces per day in May. The magnitude of macro-debris is correlated with precipitation (r = 0.793 and 0.622 for March and May, respectively). Spatially, concentration of macro-debris fluxes was observed close to river shores across the channel widths. The most frequent IMD category observed in March and May 2021 was Polystyrene (60% to 70%).
Diversity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Pulau Pari and their potential roles for bioremediation
Authors: Sudiana I M , Idris I , Napitupulu T P , Ikhwani A Z N , Sumerta I N , Sugiharto A , Sulistiyani T R , Masrukhin  , Meliah S , Kanti A , Purbani D C , Noerdjito D R , Suyadi
Published: January 2022

Oil spill accidents occur several times in the Indonesian sea, including Jakarta Bay. Studies on the application of oil spill bio-degradation techniques need to be developed but require baseline data on microbe species diversity and functions. We isolated several bacteria from Pulau Pari that can degrade hydrocarbons (hexadecane, phenantrene, and dibenzothiophene) by using two step enrichment culture technique. The isolated microbes belong to several taxa, including α-subclass Proteobacteria, β-subclass Proteobacteria, γ-subclass Proteobacteria, the gram-positive high GC content (Actinobacteria), and Bacillus group. These marine bacteria degrade not only alkanes but also polyaromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene). Alpha and gamma Proteobacteria were predominant alkane and polyaromatic hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria. The ability of those bacteria to degrade both alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbon is a key-important trait for enhancing bioremediation of oil spills.
Peatland characteristics and oil palm productivity at Siak Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Purnamayani R , Tarigan S D , Sudradjat  , Syahbuddin H , Dariah A
Published: January 2022

The utilization of peatland as a source of livelihood from the agricultural sector is still important, especially for peatland-dominated areas. One example of its utilization is for oil palm commodities. The objective of this study was to analyze the existing condition of peatland in oil palm plantation in Siak Regency of Riau Province. The research method was field survey, literature study and interviews. The data collected was the chemical and physical properties of peat soil, groundwater table depth and oil palm productivity. The field study was carried out at 4 blocks representing sapric and hemic peat maturity. The study found that the depth of the groundwater table varies depending on the rainfall. Even though the canal blocking system has been implemented, the depth of the groundwater level still fluctuated. The productivity of oil palm increased with age and the highest was reached at the age of 14 years. The results of the chemical properties analysis showed that the land was categorized in good fertility, because of good agricultural practices management. Further research is needed regarding the dominant factor of peatland that causes fluctuations in water level depth.
Utilization of cow urine waste for the manufacture of urine as a form of environmentally friendly dairy farming business
Authors: Vebriyanti E , Arief I I , Salundik  , Dewi Panca
Published: January 2022

Bio urine is a liquid organic fertilizer that comes from processing livestock waste. Bio urine is very useful and valuable. Processing of urine waste into Bio urine is one of the steps to overcome the problem of environmental pollution caused by the livestock sector. This study aims to determine the quality of Bio urine derived from local microorganisms (MOL) of animal, vegetable and liquid organic fertilizers which were seen from microbiological elements and Fe levels, so that they can be used as environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. Animal mole is made from rumen contents, molasses and water, then fermented aerobically for 14 days. Indigenous microorganism (IMO) from nabati is made from tomato waste, brown sugar, rice washing water, coconut water and fermented with the same aerobic system for 14 days. The research method used a randomized block design with 5 treatments, namely A+: Cow urine + EM4, A-: Cow urine only, B: Cow urine + 100% animal MOL, C: Cow urine + 100% vegetable MOL, D: Cow urine animal MOL 50%+ 100% vegetable MOL Cow Urine, each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters observed included pH, total microbial and Fe content. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on pH, total colonies and Fe levels, with the results of the study that cow urine added animal MOL, vegetable MOL and the combination gave a pH value of 8.43-9.98, total microbial log 72.363-80.333 and Fe content 0.0002-0.0007 ppm. The results showed that cow urine with the addition of Animal MOL, Vegetable MOL and the combination of the two did not give significantly different effects on P (phosphorus) content, N (Nitrogen) content, and K (Calcium) content.
Rice Waste Hydrolyzation at Subcritical Temperature to Produce Bioherbicide to Control Terrestrial Weeds
Authors: Agusta H , Guntoro D , Arifin B , Syakir M , Yunindanova M B
Published: January 2022

Thermal anaerobic hydrolyzation process on rice husk with higher lignin content produced organic complexes constituents including phenolic groups. Phenolic groups expose herbicide effects on growing vegetations, where the process in nature mainly require anaerobic condition. The degradation rate in nature is very slow with very low concentration availability. Thermal hydrolyzation is an appropriate choice to produce phenolics herbicide for sustainable pesticide management and application. This study aimed to identify the potency of rice husk extract by thermal hydrolyzation process as an organic herbicide to control terrestrial weeds. The hydrolyzation was processed in 60-90 bars and 280±20 °C for 30±10 minutes. The existence of the phenolic groups in the hydrolysate was considered for generic active ingredients to control weed in the terrestrial ecosystem. Its damage impact was tested on Borreria alata, Eleusine indica, Cyperus kyllingia, Paspalum conjugatum, Asystasia intrusa, and Axonopus compressus. The assay covered the growth at pre-emergence, early post-emergence, and post-emergence growing stages. The rice waste hydrolysate was capable to suppress the growth of the weed growth especially at the pre-emergence stage at 30-64%, and at early post-emergence stages at the suppressing rate of 77-100%. However, the suppressing affectivity is lower at the post-emergence stage which only 17-25%.
Waterbird community in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary, Jakarta Bay: Review on species composition and population size after thirty years
Authors: Mardiastuti A
Published: January 2022

In the Jakarta Bay area, Pulau Rambut, a 25-ha island, has been known as an important breeding/nesting site for 15 waterbird species. Land-use change and habitat deterioration potentially have some impact on the waterbird population. The objective of this research was to compare species composition and population size of waterbirds nesting in Pulau Rambut after 30 years (1990-2020), and provide an analysis on the possible causes of the change. Secondary data on population size and species composition were used for analysis. Habitat changes in the foraging habitat were observed intermittently. Black-headed ibis and Little-pied cormorant were extirpated from the island, thus the species number was decreased to 13. Population size of all waterbirds was greatly decreased (from 10,180 to 4,950 individuals). However, the population of the endangered Milky stork has increased, from 24 (0.2%) to 78 (1.6%) individuals, possibly due to additional birds migrating from the eastern coast of Sumatra. There was a significant change in the species composition (paired t-test; t=0.488, P<0.01), with Cormorants still dominated the community. Possible causes of the population decrease were the shrinking wetlands in Java as waterbirds’ foraging habitat, and deterioration of mangroves as nest trees in Pulau Rambut due oil pollution.
Beef cattle-based farming pattern in dry land, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Etika A P W , Siska W , Sunandar N , Rohaeni E S
Published: January 2022

A cropping pattern is an effort to plant things on a plot of land by arranging the layout and order of plants for a certain period of time. Cropping patterns and or intercropping can be done with the aim of utilizing resources optimally and to avoid the risk of crop failure and market risk. Diversified cropping patterns are farming diversification with the aim of increasing agricultural yields so that income is maintained. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of farming patterns based on beef cattle, the impact of farming patterns on business objectives, and the income generated from the Decent Living Needs (KHL) that applies on dry land. Decent Living Needs (KHL) is the standard of needs of a single worker/labor to be able to live physically decently in 1 month. KHL is also the basis for determining the Minimum Wage. The study was carried out in Takisung District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. A survey and focus group discussions were used as research methods. Income, livestock waste for fertilizer, agricultural waste for feed, utilization of agricultural land, forage area, and livestock weight gain are the business objectives that are determined and analyzed. The analysis used is analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test will be used to determine the contribution of income to the KHL. The research found six dominant cattle-based farming patterns. Farming patterns have a significant impact on business objectives such as income, agricultural waste utilization for animal feed, and agricultural land utilization. The conclusion of this research is that there are 6 dominant farming patterns in the research location, namely paddy and cattle; paddy, rubber and cattle; paddy, rubber, soybeans and cattle; Paddy, soybeans and cattle; paddy, soybeans, peanut and cattle; paddy, corn and cattle. The pattern of business that produces the highest income is the pattern of rice, rubber and cattle and the second is rice, soybean, rubber and cattle. The recommended business is business diversification with several commodities so that the necessities of life can be achieved and sustainable.
Industrial development and greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia
Authors: Mulatsih Sri
Published: January 2022

The manufacturing industry is the main source of Indonesia’s economic growth. Its contribution to national GDP (gross domestic product) in 2012 is 22%, and it is expected to reach 30% in 2035. On the other hand, the industrial sector consumes energy which produces greenhouse gases. In 2017, the final energy consumption of the industrial sector was 232 million BOE (barrels of oil equivalent), slightly below the transportation sector, which was 362 million BOE. This study analyses the relationship between economic growth in the industrial sector and greenhouse gas emissions. Data for the period 2002-2018, with a cross section of 8 manufacturing industry subsectors, was analysed using regression models. The results of the analysis show that economic growth is positively related to greenhouse gas emissions, namely in the chemical fertilizer and rubber goods industries; cement and non-metal minerals industries; as well as raw metals iron and steel industries.
Green Open Space Development Based On Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Malang City
Authors: Kusumaningrum K W , Saraswati R , Wibowo A
Published: January 2022

The development of facilities and infrastructure in Malang is triggering green open space (GOS) into built-up land. However, the development causes an urban heat island phenomenon (UHI). Therefore, to overcome the increase in environmental temperature, it is necessary to develop green open space. This study aims to identify existing green open spaces in Malang City, identify areas with UHI in Malang City, and determine green open spaces in Malang City. The identification of existing GOS based on land cover data generated through on-screen digitizing Google Earth while identifying UHI generated from the analysis of land surface temperature. The analysis shows that the total green open space in Malang City is 4.214 hectares, consisting of private GOS covering 3.635 hectares (34%) and public GOS covering 579 hectares (5%). Meanwhile, the UHI phenomenon in Malang City already covers 59% of the area of Malang City. Therefore, based on some criteria, 30 urban villages can be developed with green open space and arranged into three priority groups to become priority one covering four villages, priority two covering 14 villages and priority three covering 12 villages.
Tourism Potential in West Beach Coastal Area of Banten Province Based on Land Use Spatial Pattern
Authors: Wartono A , Muntasib E K S H , Arifin H S
Published: January 2022

The west beach coastal area of Banten province is very productive. Local governments use this area for various development activities, tourism in particular. This study aims to determine the tourism potential of the west coast of Banten Province based on the spatial pattern of land use by local regulations. Thus, the development of coastal tourism can develop in an integrated and sustainable manner. The research methodology used is literature study, interviews, field verification, spatial analysis (Arc-GIS), and policy analysis based on the Banten Province Spatial Plan. Based on policy analysis related to regional spatial planning in Banten Province, there are three strategic tourism areas on the west coast, including; (a) Sumur Beach corridor, (b) Pandeglang West Coast corridor (Carita-Cigeulis), and (c) Serang West Coast Corridor (Anyer-Cinangka). The West Coast Corridor of The criteria for the physical type of beach suitable for tourism activities is wide beaches, not rocky, freshwater, and far from the highway. The west coast corridor area these criteria is the Serang West Coast Corridor (Anyer - Cinangka), precisely at Anyer Beach and Anyer Kidul Beach.
Directions of Settlement Development in Banda Aceh City based on Land Capability
Authors: Zahara Sylvia , Darmawan  , Tjahjono Boedi
Published: January 2022

Banda Aceh City is the center of government and economic activity of Aceh Province. Designated as central city of Aceh Province, Banda aceh often faces a problem of not considering the population growth and land availability. This research is based on the increasing need of land caused by population growth, while the potential land for development continues to decrease. The land capability analysis aims to assess the level of land capability for development based on physical aspects so that land use can be carried out optimally and sustainably. The physical aspects of land capability are then called land capability unit. From the nine units analyzed, mostly represent high land capability class, except drainage and natural disaster unit. The results of the land capability analysis dividing Banda Aceh City into two classes. Class D or area with high development capability takes the widest part or 4,394 Ha (74.4%) and the rest 1,508 Ha (25.6%) is Class C or moderate development capability. Based on this condition, the direction of settlement development could be developed is about 26% or 190.3 Ha. Therefore, appropriate direction is needed for the sustainability of settlements in the future.
Future Spatial Prediction of Invasive Plant Merremia peltata in Indonesia
Authors: Yudaputra A
Published: January 2022

Merremia peltata is a woody vine that considered as invasive plant. It causes serious threats to the regeneration of native plant. Many strategies to control its invasiveness have been continuously implemented, but climate change causes complicated problems. This study aimed to understand the impact of climate change to its current and future distribution. Ensemble model by combining Random Forest and Support Vector Machine was used to predict its distribution. There were 33 occurrence records derived from Global Biodiversity Information Facility and reliable scientific journals. The 19 climatic variables were tested using a multicollinearity test. AUC and TSS were used to evaluate the model. Multicollinearity test using 0.7 threshold produces 7 selected climatic variables. AUC and TSS have the value >0.80 indicating the model has good performance. The predictive future distribution map shows that its distribution shifts to other regions in 2070 compared to the predictive current distribution. The predictive current distribution covers 30.4 % of the total land areas of Indonesia, while the predictive future distribution (RCP 4.5) covers 28.12 % and RCP 8.5 covers 23.59 %. It indicates that the suitable geographic distribution areas of M. peltata reduces around 3-7 % of the total areas of Indonesia in 2070.
Optimum Tuning Parameter Selection in Generalized lasso for Clustering with Spatially Varying Coefficient Models
Authors: Rahardiantoro S , Sakamoto Wataru
Published: January 2022

Spatial clustering with spatially varying coefficient models is useful for determining the region with common effects of variables in spatial data. This study focuses on selecting the optimum tuning parameter of the generalized lasso for clustering with the spatially varying coefficient model. The k-fold cross-validation (CV) may fail to split spatial data into a training set and a testing set, if a region contains only a few observations. Moreover, the k-fold CV is known to give a biased estimate of the out-of-sample prediction error. Therefore, we investigated the performance of approximate leave-one-out cross-validation (ALOCV) in comparison with k-fold CV for selecting the tuning parameter in a simulation study on 2-dimensional grid. The ALOCV yielded smaller error than k-fold CV and could detect edges with differences shrunk by generalized lasso appropriately. Then, the ALOCV for selecting the optimum tuning parameter of the generalized lasso in fitting the spatially varying coefficient model is applied to the Chicago crime data. The result of selection by ALOCV was in accordance with the conclusion suggested in the preceding literature. Clustering into regions in advance for making k-fold CV feasible may lead to a wrong result of clustering with a spatially varying coefficient model.
The dynamics of rice-field conversion in the surroundings Cipali toll-roads of Subang Regency
Authors: Fiqriyati A R , Panuju D R , Mulya S P
Published: January 2022

The increasing need of land for building roads, settlements, and other facilities leads to the changes of agricultural land to other uses. Uncontrolled changes in rice fields may negatively impact economic, social, and environmental aspects. This study aims (1) to analyze the dynamics of land-use change for lowland rice in the surrounding Cipali toll road of Subang Regency; (2) to delineate rice-fields being converted to other uses in the vicinity of the Cipali toll road; (3) to assess the impact of rice-fields conversion to rice production; and (4) to understand monitoring system for rice field conversion being implemented in Subang Regency. This research employed random forest classifier, post-classification change analysis, and analytic hierarchy process. Three Landsat imageries were used to identify change processes, span between 2000 and 2020. Random forest classifiers generated accuracy at 99%, 96%, and 96% in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The results showed a decrease of rice fields in the surrounding toll roads by 560.36 hectares from 2000 to 2010, followed by an increase in the next decade by 98.79 hectares. Revitalization of regional farm fields appears to effectively sustain production areas, albeit conversion occurred in the surrounding toll roads. Generally, rice field conversions were controlled following the regulation that was enacted to sustain land for crop production.
Creating a “Logical intelligent plant care system” in digital agriculture based on Mivar approach
Authors: Aladin D V , Aladina E V , Chuvikov D A , Varlamov O O , Adamova L E
Published: January 2022

This work is devoted to developing an automated information processing and management system based on logical artificial intelligence. The proposed system has been designed to support the process of growing agricultural and house plants. This research is one of the global trends of intelligent tools and services application in the agricultural industry for improving human environmental and food safety. This work is a practical demonstration on mivar expert systems operation in the control loop with cyclic and calendar planning of processes. The results obtained in this work can be used as an information basis for implementing automated farms in urban environments. This implementation is based on mivar knowledge base platform which allows considering individual characteristics of crop growth, making decisions in conditions of heterogeneous sensor data, and timely adjusting the process of plants growing.
Optimization of separation of two-component mixtures of seeds under horizontal vibration
Authors: Alekseev V V , Mitryukhin E L , Mitryukhin L K , Chuchkalov S I
Published: January 2022

The paper presents data on the separation of two-component mixtures of agricultural seeds by means of low-frequency horizontal vibration. Experiments were carried out with beans, peas and sunflower seeds. Modelling of the separation process of mixtures by the method studied in this work shows that the trajectory of a particle is a vortex along an ascending or descending line, depending on the combination of the properties of the components and operating parameters. The studies have shown that the minimum time for complete separation of the mixture into components is achieved when the container inclination angle is approximately equal to the repose angle of mixture components. The separation process is carried out only at amplitudes smaller than the particle size of the mixture.
Ensuring the safety of transportation of goods for the needs of industry and agriculture taking into account the climatic and territorial characteristics of Russia
Authors: Bakhmutov S V , Girutskiy O I , Kirillov K A
Published: January 2022

To ensure the safe transportation of agricultural products and raw materials, it is necessary to regularly monitor the condition of the vehicles used for this. This article analyzes the current statistics on the fleet of vehicles in Russia, taking into account technical malfunctions at the end of 2020, as well as the prospects for the development of a safety control system for the structure of vehicles in operation. An updated position on the issue of making changes to the design of vehicles is presented. The monitored safety parameters of the vehicle structure are considered and described in detail. Conclusions are made about the most informative, less costly and, as a result, more effective means of control. It is indicated that the type and main technical characteristics of the means of technical diagnostics are not legally defined. Fulfillment of the requirements of the technical regulation of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” 018/2011 will cover a significant stage in the life cycle of a vehicle.
Modes of treating pre-sowing grain seeds with ozone
Authors: Baskakov I V , Orobinsky V I , Gievsky A M , Chernyshov A V , Gulevsky V A
Published: January 2022

Ozonation enables to abandon the pre-sowing seeds treatment with pesticides, reduce their possible use. The effectiveness of ozone application equals to that of chemical disinfection. However, during pre-sowing ozone treatment of seeds, it is difficult to maintain the specified operating modes of the ozonizer. Therefore, it is much easier to vary the operation time with regards to the capabilities of a particular ozonation plant. Thus, the most rational modes of pre-sowing ozone treatment of seeds were determined based on the crop and the average concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture. The ozonation time should be in the range 23 … 41, 32 … 52, 40 … 60 and 17 … 45 min during pre-sowing ozone treatment of the seeds of winter wheat, spring barley, oats and maize with ozone concentration in the ozone-air mixture equal to 4.21, 2.57, 1.45 and 1.87 mg/m3, respectively. If the ozonizer fails to maintain a specified operating mode, then the dose of ozone treatment should be regarded. The ozone treatment dose for winter wheat varies from 96 to 234 min mg/m3, for spring barley – from 84 to 116 min mg/m3, for oats – from 45 to 86 min mg/m3, for maize – from 32 to 75 min mg/m3. In this case, it will be necessary to calculate the ozonation time depending on the actual concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture. The average duration of pre-sowing ozone treatment of grain crops is 38 minutes.
Forecasting characteristics affecting the reliability of the operation of the machine and tractor fleet over time
Authors: Bodyakina T V , Boloev P A , Shelkunova N O , Krivtsov S N , Krivtsova T I
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the prediction of the characteristics of the technical condition of machines and their effectiveness. The task of predicting the parameters of the changes the technical state of agricultural machinery during operation is to determine the numerical characteristics for future points in time. When choosing and justifying a mathematical model, it is necessary to take into account the physical nature of the phenomena that lead to a change in characteristics during operation. A model reflecting the rate of change of parameters is used to describe the processes. In forecasting, to increase the efficiency of the mathematical model, generalized physical laws are used that determine the process of changing the resource. Based on this model, it is possible to build a methodology for calculating the reliability. The set of process characteristics characterizes the change in parameters and makes it possible to predict torque functions during operation.
Improving the efficiency of using straw as a fertilizer
Authors: Bogdanchikov I Yu , Bachurin A N , Drozhzhin K N , Oleynik D O
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of investigations carried out within the framework of the research project commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation in 2020. In August 2019, a field experiment was laid for the disposal of straw of spring barley of Vladimir variety using a special machine for this, i.e. a unit for utilizing the non-grain part of the crop as a fertilizer. When disposing straw, it was processed with biopreparations-destructors: Agrinos-1 (2 l/ha), Sternifag SP (0.08 kg/ha), Biocomplex BTU (1 l/ha), humic product Ekorost (0.4 l/ha). The straw was crushed and embedded in the soil on the control plot without treatment with biological preparations. It was found that the process of straw decomposition is more intensive compared to that of 2018-2019 on average by 5 %. The variants with Agrinos 1 and Sternifag SP treatment showed better results and accelerated the degradation process by 20 % compared to the control. The biological productivity of spring oats of Skakun variety showed that all studied biological products had a positive effect on the increase in yield. The best indicators were achieved on the variants with Agrinos-1 and Sternifag SP equal to 48.9 dt/ha and 45.4 dt/ha, respectively (the control was 36.4 dt/ha).
The technology of meat snacks using CO2 spice extracts in their formulations
Authors: Danyliv M M , Ozherelyeva O N , Vasilenko O A , Derkanosova N M
Published: January 2022

In this research work, the technology for meat snacks with increased antioxidant activity has been developed due to the use of CO2-extracts of dry spices of the same name in their formulations. The authors have determined the physicochemical parameters of CO2-extracts; in particular, the ether and acid numbers, refractive indices, density, solubility. Dry matter content have been determined. Applying computer modeling, formulations of meat snacks (thins) with high antioxidant activity have been developed, which amounted to 425 for CO2-extract of basil; 483 - for CO2-extract of coriander; 435, 420, 430 - for CO2-extracts of marjoram, black allspice, and paprika, respectively. The work also defines the conditions for the sorption on edible salt affected by CO2-extracts for the purpose of using in meat thins technology.
Regression analysis of ploughshare parameters for different depth sowing of seeds and fertilizers
Authors: Demchuk E V , Golovanov D A , Myalo V V , Bardola A S
Published: January 2022

The study reveals the disadvantages of technical units intended for sowing grain crops. Vectors of modernization of existing and the design of new working bodies of sowing equipment were identified. The arrangement and principle of ploughshare operation for different depth sowing of seeds and fertilizers is described. The results of the planned experiment are presented, the regression equations are obtained describing the process of changing the uniformity of seeds distribution along the length and width of the planted furrow. Based on regression equations, response surfaces, uniformity of seed distribution along the length and width of the planted furrow are built depending on the design parameters of a ploughshare. The experimental studies revealed that the uniformity of seed distribution (85.5 % in length and 76.3 % in width of the planted furrow) is achieved with the following ploughshare parameters: drift angle α=15 degrees; roll angle β=15 degrees; cutout length of a lower edge of a leg L=50 mm. With these design parameters, the proposed ploughshare provides a uniform depth of seeding-down and meets the corresponding agricultural requirements. At the same time, mineral fertilizers are embedded below the horizon of the main crop at 30…40 mm.