bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upstream Oil and Gas Production and Community COVID‐19 Case and Mortality Rates in California, USA
Authors: Archer Helena , González David J. X. , Walsh Julia , English Paul , Reynolds Peggy , Boscardin W. John , Carpenter Catherine , Morello‐Frosch Rachel
Published: November 2024

Higher concentrations of ambient air pollutants, including PM2.5 and NO2, and other pollutants have been found near active oil and gas wells and may be associated with adverse COVID‐19 outcomes. We assessed whether residential exposure to nearby oil and gas production was associated with higher rates of the respiratory infection COVID‐19 and related mortality using a population‐based ecological study in California. Using gridded population estimates, we estimated area‐level exposure to annual average oil and gas production volume from active wells within 1 kilometer (km) of populated areas within census block groups from 2018 to 2020. We geocoded confirmed cases and associated deaths to assess block group case and mortality rates from COVID‐19 from February 2020 to January 2021. We fit hierarchical Poisson models with individual and area covariates (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic disadvantage), and included time and other interactions to assess additional variation (e.g., testing, reporting rates). In the first 4 months of the study period (February–May 2020), block groups in the highest tertile of oil and gas production exposure had 34% higher case rates (IRR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.20, 1.49) and 55% higher mortality rates (MRR: 1.52 95%: CI: 1.14, 2.03) than those with no estimated production, after accounting for area‐level covariates. Over the entire study period, we observed moderately higher mortality rates in the highest group (MRR: 1.16 95%: CI: 1.01, 1.33) and null associations for case rates.
Unraveling the Geodynamic Evolution of the Pre– and Early–Andean Margin: Insights From Numerical Modeling
Authors: Arvizu Harim , Manea Vlad Constantin , Oliveros Verónica , Vásquez Paulina
Published: November 2024

An outstanding question in the geological evolution of the Chilean Andes is the cause of the westward shift and relocation of magmatism from the High Andes (HA) to the Coastal Cordillera (CC) during the Late Triassic, Pre–Andean stage. The spatiotemporal distribution of Permian–Triassic–Jurassic igneous rocks in northern‐central Chile (20°S–32°S) reveals a significant westward magmatic shift of ∼120 km during the Norian time. Despite diverse proposed models, the precise geodynamic mechanism behind this shift remains unclear. To address this, we used 2D numerical modeling to investigate two contrasting scenarios: (a) subduction rollback and (b) subduction transference/jump and reinitiation by terrane accretion. Our modeling results strongly support Scenario B, where mantle density and the size of the oceanic plateau are crucial for triggering subduction jump and reinitiation. This model aligns with geological and geophysical evidence and offers new insights into unraveling the Pre– and Early–Andean evolution.
Discriminating Landslide Waveforms in Continuous Seismic Data Using Power Spectral Density Analysis
Authors: Rekapalli Rajesh , Yezarla Mahesh , Rao N. Purnachandra
Published: November 2024

Discriminating landslides from other events in seismic records is challenging due to unclear phases and overlapped frequency content. We analyze the seismic waveform power spectral density (PSD) and its skewness to discriminate landslides from earthquakes and background noise. By comparing PSDs of landslides with small‐magnitude earthquakes and noise in the Alaskan region, we find distinct power decay trends in the 0.01–5 Hz frequency range. The method was successfully tested on the seismic waveforms of seven global landslides. Further, the statistical significance of the approach was tested on 835 landslide waveforms using probability density, skewness and crosscorrelation of waveform PSD. This novel integration of seismic waveform PSDs and their skewness analysis is found to be robust and statistically significant for automatic landslide detection in continuous seismic data, with vast potential for early warning through real‐time seismic networks.
Spatiotemporal Topic Modeling Reveals Storm‐Driven Advection and Stirring Control Plankton Community Variability in an Open Ocean Eddy
Authors: San Soucie John E. , Girdhar Yogesh , Johnson Leah , Peacock Emily E. , Shalapyonok Alexi , Sosik Heidi M.
Published: November 2024

Phytoplankton communities in the open ocean are high‐dimensional, sparse, and spatiotemporally heterogeneous. The advent of automated imaging systems has enabled high‐resolution observation of these communities, but the amounts of data and their statistical properties make analysis with traditional approaches challenging. Spatiotemporal topic models offer an unsupervised and interpretable approach to dimensionality reduction of sparse, high‐dimensional categorical data. Here we use topic modeling to analyze neural‐network‐classified phytoplankton imagery taken in and around a retentive eddy during the 2021 North Atlantic EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign. We investigate the role physical‐biological interactions play in altering plankton community composition within the eddy. Analysis of a water mass mixing framework suggests that storm‐driven surface advection and stirring were major drivers of the progression of the eddy plankton community away from a diatom bloom over the course of the cruise.
Comprehensive snapshots of natural killer cells functions, signaling, molecular mechanisms and clinical utilization
Authors: Chen Sumei , Zhu Haitao , Jounaidi Youssef
Published: November 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells, initially identified for their rapid virus-infected and leukemia cell killing and tumor destruction, are pivotal in immunity. They exhibit multifaceted roles in cancer, viral infections, autoimmunity, pregnancy, wound healing, and more. Derived from a common lymphoid progenitor, they lack CD3, B-cell, or T-cell receptors but wield high cytotoxicity via perforin and granzymes. NK cells orchestrate immune responses, secreting inflammatory IFNγ or immunosuppressive TGFβ and IL-10. CD56dimand CD56brightNK cells execute cytotoxicity, while CD56brightcells also regulate immunity. However, beyond the CD56 dichotomy, detailed phenotypic diversity reveals many functional subsets that may not be optimal for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide comprehensive and detailed snapshots of NK cells’ functions and states of activation and inhibitions in cancer, autoimmunity, angiogenesis, wound healing, pregnancy and fertility, aging, and senescence mediated by complex signaling and ligand-receptor interactions, including the impact of the environment. As the use of engineered NK cells for cancer immunotherapy accelerates, often in the footsteps of T-cell-derived engineering, we examine the interactions of NK cells with other immune effectors and relevant signaling and the limitations in the tumor microenvironment, intending to understand how to enhance their cytolytic activities specifically for cancer immunotherapy.
Targeting of TAMs: can we be more clever than cancer cells?
Authors: Kzhyshkowska Julia , Shen Jiaxin , Larionova Irina
Published: November 2024

Аbstract

With increasing incidence and geography, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, reduced quality of life and disability worldwide. Principal progress in the development of new anticancer therapies, in improving the efficiency of immunotherapeutic tools, and in the personification of conventional therapies needs to consider cancer-specific and patient-specific programming of innate immunity. Intratumoral TAMs and their precursors, resident macrophages and monocytes, are principal regulators of tumor progression and therapy resistance. Our review summarizes the accumulated evidence for the subpopulations of TAMs and their increasing number of biomarkers, indicating their predictive value for the clinical parameters of carcinogenesis and therapy resistance, with a focus on solid cancers of non-infectious etiology. We present the state-of-the-art knowledge about the tumor-supporting functions of TAMs at all stages of tumor progression and highlight biomarkers, recently identified by single-cell and spatial analytical methods, that discriminate between tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting TAMs, where both subtypes express a combination of prototype M1 and M2 genes. Our review focuses on novel mechanisms involved in the crosstalk among epigenetic, signaling, transcriptional and metabolic pathways in TAMs. Particular attention has been given to the recently identified link between cancer cell metabolism and the epigenetic programming of TAMs by histone lactylation, which can be responsible for the unlimited protumoral programming of TAMs. Finally, we explain how TAMs interfere with currently used anticancer therapeutics and summarize the most advanced data from clinical trials, which we divide into four categories: inhibition of TAM survival and differentiation, inhibition of monocyte/TAM recruitment into tumors, functional reprogramming of TAMs, and genetic enhancement of macrophages.
Critical and differential roles of eIF4A1 and eIF4A2 in B-cell development and function
Authors: Du Ying , Xie Jun , Liu Dewang , Zhao Jiayi , Chen Pengda , He Xiaoyu , Hong Peicheng , Fu Yubing , Hong Yazhen , Liu Wen-Hsien , Xiao Changchun
Published: November 2024

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4 A (eIF4A) plays critical roles during translation initiation of cellular mRNAs by forming the cap-binding eIF4F complex, recruiting the 40S small ribosome subunit, and scanning the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) for the start codon. eIF4A1 and eIF4A2, two isoforms of eIF4A, are highly conserved and exchange freely within eIF4F complexes. The understanding of their biological and molecular functions remains incomplete if not fragmentary. In this study, we showed that eIF4A1 and eIF4A2 exhibit different expression patterns during B-cell development and activation. Mouse genetic analyses showed that they play critical but differential roles during B-cell development and humoral immune responses. While eIF4A1 controls global protein synthesis, eIF4A2 regulates the biogenesis of 18S ribosomal RNA and the 40S ribosome subunit. This study demonstrates the distinct cellular and molecular functions of eIF4A1 and eIF4A2 and reveals a new role of eIF4A2 in controlling 40S ribosome biogenesis.
How grid reinforcement costs differ by the income of electric vehicle users
Authors: Steinbach Sarah A. , Blaschke Maximilian J.
Published: November 2024

The simultaneous charging of many electric vehicles in future mobility scenarios may lead to peaks and overloads threatening grid stability. The necessary infrastructure investments vary by the number and model type of vehicles driven and the residents’ charging preferences. These attributes significantly depend on socio-economic factors such as income. Using power flow simulations based on real-life driving profiles, we predict massive cost asymmetries with an investment demand up to 33-fold in higher-income compared to lower-income neighborhoods. Many grid operators may redistribute these costs through an across-the-board electricity price increase for all households. In times of rising electricity prices, these unwanted inequitable costing allocations could lead to severe challenges and energy poverty. Policymakers should consider countermeasures like dynamic electricity pricing schemes, income-based electric vehicle subsidies, or improved charging network access to ensure energy equity in future mobility scenarios. Our analysis of the impact of socio-economic factors on electric vehicle grid infrastructure and their quantification contributes to the energy equity discussion.
Cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes modulate the tumor-immune microenvironment and are associated with skin cancer malignancy
Authors: Forsthuber Agnes , Aschenbrenner Bertram , Korosec Ana , Jacob Tina , Annusver Karl , Krajic Natalia , Kholodniuk Daria , Frech Sophie , Zhu Shaohua , Purkhauser Kim , Lipp Katharina , Werner Franziska , Nguyen Vy , Griss Johannes , Bauer Wolfgang , Soler Cardona Ana , Weber Benedikt , Weninger Wolfgang , Gesslbauer Bernhard , Staud Clement , Nedomansky Jakob , Radtke Christine , Wagner Stephan N. , Petzelbauer Peter , Kasper Maria , Lichtenberger Beate M.
Published: November 2024

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in cancer progression and treatment outcome. This study dissects the intra-tumoral diversity of CAFs in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma using molecular and spatial single-cell analysis. We identify three distinct CAF subtypes: myofibroblast-like RGS5+ CAFs, matrix CAFs (mCAFs), and immunomodulatory CAFs (iCAFs). Large-cohort tissue analysis reveals significant shifts in CAF subtype patterns with increasing malignancy. Two CAF subtypes exhibit immunomodulatory properties via different mechanisms. mCAFs sythesize extracellular matrix and may restrict T cell invasion in low-grade tumors via ensheathing tumor nests, while iCAFs are enriched in late-stage tumors, and express high levels of cytokines and chemokines to aid immune cell recruitment and activation. This is supported by the induction of an iCAF-like phenotype with immunomodulatory functions in primary healthy fibroblasts exposed to skin cancer cell secretomes. Thus, targeting CAF variants holds promise to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in skin cancers.
Novel tools to quantify total, phospho-Ser129 and aggregated alpha-synuclein in the mouse brain
Authors: Trist Benjamin Guy , Wright Courtney Jade , Rangel Alejandra , Cottle Louise , Prasad Asheeta , Jensen Nanna Møller , Gram Hjalte , Dzamko Nicolas , Jensen Poul Henning , Kirik Deniz
Published: November 2024

Assays for quantifying aggregated and phosphorylated (S129) human α-synuclein protein are widely used to evaluate pathological burden in patients suffering from synucleinopathy disorders. Many of these assays, however, do not cross-react with mouse α-synuclein or exhibit poor sensitivity for this target, which is problematic considering the preponderance of mouse models at the forefront of pre-clinical α-synuclein research. In this project, we addressed this unmet need by reformulating two existing AlphaLISA® SureFire® Ultra™ total and pS129 α-synuclein assay kits to yield robust and ultrasensitive (LLoQ ≤ 0.5 pg/mL) quantification of mouse and human wild-type and pS129 α-synuclein protein. We then employed these assays, together with the BioLegend α-synuclein aggregate ELISA, to assess α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation and aggregation in different mouse brain tissue preparations. Overall, we highlight the compatibility of these new immunoassays with rodent models and demonstrate their potential to advance knowledge surrounding α-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregation in synucleinopathies.
Frequent rainfall-induced new particle formation within the canopy in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Machado Luiz A. T. , Unfer Gabriela R. , Brill Sebastian , Hildmann Stefanie , Pöhlker Christopher , Cheng Yafang , Williams Jonathan , Hartwig Harder , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Curtius Joachim , Franco Marco A. , Cecchini Micael A. , Edtbauer Achim , Hoffmann Thorsten , Holanda Bruna , Khadir Théodore , Krejci Radovan , Kremper Leslie A. , Liu Yunfan , Meller Bruno B. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Quesada Carlos A. , Ringsdorf Akima , Riipinen Ilona , Trumbore Susan , Wolff Stefan , Lelieveld Jos , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: November 2024

Atmospheric aerosol particles are essential for forming clouds and precipitation, thereby influencing Earth’s energy budget, water cycle and climate on regional and global scales. However, the origin of aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest during the wet season is poorly understood. Earlier studies showed new particle formation in the outflow of deep convective clouds and suggested a downward flux of aerosol particles during precipitation events. Here we use comprehensive aerosol, trace gas and meteorological data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory to show that rainfall regularly induces bursts of nanoparticles in the nucleation size range. This can be attributed to rain-related scavenging of larger particles and a corresponding reduction of the condensation sink, along with an ozone injection into the forest canopy, which could increase the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, especially terpenes, and enhance new particle formation. During and after rainfall, the nucleation particle concentrations directly above the canopy are greater than those higher up. This gradient persists throughout the wet season for the nucleation size range, indicating continuous particle formation within the canopy, a net upward flux of newly formed particles and a paradigm shift in understanding aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions in the Amazon. Particle bursts provide a plausible explanation for the formation of cloud condensation nuclei, leading to the local formation of green-ocean clouds and precipitation. Our findings suggest that an interplay of a rain-related reduction in the condensation sink, primary emissions of gases, mainly terpenes, and particles from the forest canopy, and convective cloud processing determines the population of cloud condensation nuclei in pristine rainforest air.
Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization
Authors: Kasturiratna K. T. A. Sandeeshwara , Hartanto Andree , Chen Crystal H. Y. , Tong Eddie M. W. , Majeed Nadyanna M.
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of cyberbullying victimization has become a commonplace issue globally. Although research has explored various predictors and consequences of cyberbullying victimization, most focus on a narrow range of variables or contexts, highlighting the need to comprehensively review and synthesize the wealth of empirical findings. We conducted a systematic review of meta-analyses on cyberbullying victimization, incorporating 56 meta-analyses and 296 effect sizes (sample size range 421–1,136,080, sample size median 53,183; searched via EBSCOhost ERIC, EBSCOhost PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, 13 cyberbullying-related journals, Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) to address the following critical questions: (1) What are the crucial sociodemographic and psychological profiles of cyberbullying victims? (2) What critical contextual and environmental factors are associated with cyberbullying victimization? (3) What are the key psychological and behavioural consequences of cyberbullying victimization? (4) How effective are existing interventions in mitigating impacts of cyberbullying? Included meta-analyses had to focus on cyberbullying victimization and report at least one predictor or consequence. A quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Findings suggest that females, school-aged populations, traditional bullying victims and frequent internet users were more likely to be cyberbullied. Unregulated school environments and unsupportive parental relationships were also associated with increased cyberbullying victimization. Cyberbullying victimization was consistently associated with negative psychological outcomes, lower school performance and maladaptive coping behaviours. More importantly, the current review found that cyberbullying intervention programmes show promising results. The current review underscores the importance of devoting adequate resources to mitigating cyberbullying victimization.
CartoMark: a benchmark dataset for map pattern recognition and map content retrieval with machine intelligence
Authors: Zhou Xiran , Wen Yi , Shao Zhenfeng , Li Wenwen , Li Kaiyuan , Li Honghao , Xie Xiao , Yan Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Maps are fundamental medium to visualize and represent the real word in a simple and philosophical way. The emergence of the big data tide has made a proportion of maps generated from multiple sources, significantly enriching the dimensions and perspectives for understanding the characteristics of the real world. However, a majority of these map datasets remain undiscovered, unacquired and ineffectively used, which arises from the lack of numerous well-labelled benchmark datasets, which are of significance to implement the deep learning techniques into identifying complicated map content. To address this issue, we develop a large-scale benchmark dataset involving well-labelled datasets to employ the state-of-the-art machine intelligence technologies for map text annotation recognition, map scene classification, map super-resolution reconstruction, and map style transferring. Furthermore, these well-labelled datasets would facilitate map feature detection, map pattern recognition and map content retrieval. We hope our efforts would provide well-labelled data resources for advancing the ability to recognize and discover valuable map content.
Circular dichroism in multiphoton ionization of resonantly excited helium ions near channel closing
Authors: Wagner René , Ilchen Markus , Douguet Nicolas , Schmidt Philipp , Wieland Niclas , Callegari Carlo , Delk Zachary , Demidovich Alexander , De Ninno Giovanni , Di Fraia Michele , Hofbrucker Jiri , Manfredda Michele , Music Valerija , Plekan Oksana , Prince Kevin C. , Rivas Daniel E. , Zangrando Marco , Grum-Grzhimailo Alexei N. , Bartschat Klaus , Meyer Michael
Published: November 2024

The circular dichroism (CD) of photoelectrons generated by near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses using multiphoton ionization of excited He+ ions in the 3p(m= +1) state is investigated. The ions were prepared by circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. For circularly polarized NIR pulses co- and counter-rotating relative to the polarization of the XUV pulse, a complex variation of the CD is observed as a result of intensity- and polarization-dependent Freeman resonances, with and without additional dichroic AC-Stark shifts. The experimental results are compared with numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation to identify and interpret the pronounced variation of the experimentally observed CD.
Visualizing the human olfactory projection and ancillary structures in a 3D reconstruction
Authors: Low Victoria F. , Lin Chinchien , Su Shan , Osanlouy Mahyar , Khan Mona , Safaei Soroush , Maso Talou Gonzalo , Curtis Maurice A. , Mombaerts Peter
Published: November 2024

Visualizing in 3D the histological microanatomy of the human olfactory projection from the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs in the cranial cavity necessitates a workflow for handling a great many sections. Here, we assembled a 3D reconstruction of a 7.45 cm3en-bloc specimen extracted from an embalmed human cadaver. A series of 10 µm coronal sections was stained with quadruple fluorescence histology and scanned in four channels. A trained anatomist manually segmented six structures of interest in a subset of the sections to generate the ground truth. Six convolutional neural networks were then trained for automatic segmentation of these structures in 1234 sections. A high-performance computing solution was engineered to register the sections based on the fluorescence signal and segmented structures. The resulting 3D visualization offers several novel didactic opportunities of interactive exploration and virtual manipulation. By extrapolating manual counts of OSNs in a subset of sections to the calculated volume of the envelope of the entire olfactory epithelium, we computed a total of ~2.7 million OSNs in the specimen. Such empirically derived information helps assess the extent to which the organizational principles of the human olfactory projection may differ from those in mice.
Carbon-based Nanomaterials for the Removal of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Danial Wan Hazman , Hamzah Nurasyikin , Ismail Mohamad Wafiuddin , Aminudin Nurul Iman , Shafiee Saiful Arifin , Iqbal Anwar
Published: November 2024

The presence of emerging pollutants in water, including pesticides, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and unregulated compounds, has raised serious concerns due to their potential harm to human health and the environment, even at low concentrations. Traditional wastewater treatment methods struggle to completely eliminate these pollutants, necessitating innovative solutions. This chapter investigates the critical role of carbon-based nanomaterials, such as activated carbon nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, graphene and its oxides, carbon and graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, and carbon aerogel, in addressing the challenge of emerging pollutant removal. Carbon nanomaterials are highlighted for their exceptional surface properties, adaptability, large surface area, adjustable structural modifications, and high chemical stability, making them ideal candidates for the removal of emerging pollutants. This chapter is expected to pave the way towards offering novel prospects for increasing the utilization of carbon-based nanomaterials and it may serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers, and policymakers, seeking to address the pressing issue of emerging water pollutants and enhance the protection of our vital water resources and public well-being.
Application of Nanoparticles in the Mitigation of Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Iqbal A. , Yanto D. H. Y. , Mohammad-Noor N. , Thoha H. , Ismail M. W. , Abu Bakar N. H. H. , Roziawati M. R. , Abu-Romman S. , Sweiss M. A.
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles have many applications across multiple fields because of their remarkable properties. Nevertheless, despite their great promise in this field, their involvement in preventing harmful algal blooms (HABs) has not been as well investigated as in other areas. The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the difficulties that HABs present, particularly the fact that they are common in many different geographical areas. It looks in detail at the fundamental ideas behind physical and chemical approaches, namely adsorption and photocatalysis, as ways to use nanoparticles to mitigate HABs effectively.
EigenRF: an improved metabolomics normalization method with scores for reproducibility evaluation on importance rankings of differential metabolites
Authors: Tang Chencheng , Huang Dongfang , Xing Xudong , Yang Hua
Published: November 2024

A metabolomics normalization method combining singular value decomposition and random forest regression was developed to improve the classification ability and reproducibility of differential metabolites.
Aliphatic polycarbonates with acid degradable ketal side groups as multi-pH-responsive immunodrug nanocarriers
Authors: Hauck Adrian V. , Komforth Patric , Erlenbusch Jessica , Stickdorn Judith , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger , Besenius Pol , Van Herck Simon , Nuhn Lutz
Published: November 2024

Controled release of immunodrugs from a nanocarriers enhances their efficiacy and improves pharmacokinetics and biodistributions.
A glucose responsive multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial properties and real-time monitoring for diabetic wound treatment
Authors: Yang Zhifei , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Chen , Yu Fangzheng , Yu Wen , Zhao Zheng
Published: November 2024

The healing of complex diabetic wounds with a hyperglycemic microenvironment and bacterial infection is considered an important clinical issue.
Direct π-extension of a conjugated carbon nanohoop using a zipper method
Authors: Wei Kang , Cheng Zaitian , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Qiang , Du Pingwu
Published: November 2024

A large π-extended carbon nanoring is synthesized by a direct zipper method, in which a long linear phenyl chain is fused onto the cycloparaphenylene backbone. Its interesting physical properties are further studied.
Synthesis of heteroleptic bis-phosphine bis-NHC iron (0) complexes: a strategy to enhance small molecule activation
Authors: Andre Christian M. , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: November 2024

We report low-valent iron complexes containing bis-NHC and bis-phosphine donor ligands that coordinate and strongly activate N2 and CO.
Effects of surface oxygen vacancy on CO2 adsorption and its activation towards C2H4 using metal (Cu, Pd, CuPd) cluster-loaded TiO2 catalysts: a first principles study
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Zhang Lina , Xie Zhengzheng , Yang Jianjun , Li Qiuye
Published: November 2024

The hydrogenation of CO2 to C2H4 using CuPd/TiO2–VO catalysts, where CuPd cluster sites do not favor the C–C coupling reaction.
Development of polyoxometalate-loaded MOFs for heterogeneous catalysis and enhanced dye adsorption
Authors: Maru Ketan , Kalla Sarita , Jangir Ritambhara
Published: November 2024

A suitably designed POM@MOF i.e. Mo8O26@MIL-117 catalyses oxidative C–N bond formation and Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis with high yields. The composite material was also employed for dye removal, specifically targeting MB and RHB.
Interfacial adsorption and dynamics of fluorotelomers with soil minerals – mechanistic insights
Authors: Loganathan Narasimhan , Ashby Libby , Schumm Christina E. , Wilson Angela K.
Published: November 2024

This study determines the critical interactions that dictate the adsorption characteristics of fluorotelomers in the confined pores of neutral, low and high charged clay minerals in soil.
Synergistic effects of exogenous melatonin and zinc oxide nanoparticles in alleviating cobalt stress in Brassica napus: insights from stress-related markers and antioxidant machinery
Authors: Ali Skhawat , Ali Basharat , Sajid Imtiaz Ahmad , Ahmad Shoaib , Yousaf Muhammad Arslan , Ulhassan Zaid , Zhang Kangni , Ali Shafaqat , Zhou Weijun , Mao Bizeng
Published: November 2024

The combined synergistic effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in alleviating cobalt (Co) stress in Brassica napus (ZS 758).
The chemistry of oleates and related compounds in the 2020s
Authors: Ivchenko Pavel V. , Nifant'ev Ilya E.
Published: November 2024

In this tutorial review, the most important and actual issues of oleochemistry, including the preparation of oleates and related compounds and their transformation with and without breaking of the CC bond, are addressed and discussed.
Targeted and precise drug delivery using a glutathione-responsive ultra-short peptide-based injectable hydrogel as a breast cancer cure
Authors: Halder Satyajit , Das Tanushree , Kushwaha Ritvika , Misra Anup Kumar , Jana Kuladip , Das Debapratim
Published: November 2024

An ultra-short peptide-based injectable hydrogel delivers doxorubicin (DOX) in response to the local glutathione (GSH). A single injection reduced the tumor volume by approximately 75% within 18 days without any side effects.
Mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes and application in photoredox catalysis in a ball-mill
Authors: Luttringer Florian , Lavayssiere Matthieu , Rastoder Enita , Salov Nikita , Gravelet Tristan , Quintin François , Pinaud Julien , Lamaty Frédéric , Bantreil Xavier
Published: November 2024

Ball-milling allowed the efficient preparation of ruthenium complexes with photoredox properties. With a transparent and chemically resistant milling jar in epoxy resin, photoreductive dehalogenation was realized efficiently in a solventless manner.
Thiadiazolophenanthroline-based hole-transporter for durable and efficient perovskite solar cells: atomic-level insights for performance enhancement
Authors: Sun Zhu-Zhu , Li Yang , Zhang Yunhai , Li Quan-Song , Ding Wei-Lu
Published: November 2024

A novel thiadiazolophenanthroline unit is exploited as the acceptor of D–A–D HTMs, and newly designed SM-4 shows much better performance than typical SM-1 in terms of energy levels, mobility and interfacial properties.
Biomass-derived substrate hydrogenation over rhodium nanoparticles supported on functionalized mesoporous silica
Authors: Pulido-Díaz Israel T. , Martínez Draco , Salas-Martin Karla P. , Portales-Martínez Benjamín , Agustin Dominique , Reina Antonio , Guerrero-Ríos Itzel
Published: November 2024

RhNPs on N-functionalized SBA-15 enable biomass transformation. An imidazolium-based ionic liquid improves catalytic performance by limiting Rh–silanol interactions, underscoring the importance of stabilizers in optimizing catalyst activity.
Development of chiral ferrocenyl P,P,N,N,O-ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Xu Lei , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: November 2024

Chiral ferrocenyl P,P,N,N,O-ligands have been designed and synthesized through a one-step transformation. Their ruthenium complex showed high reactivity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones.
Sequence-defined structural transitions by calcium-responsive proteins
Authors: Chang Marina P. , Huang Winnie , Shambharkar Gatha M. , Hernandez Kenny M. , Mai Danielle J.
Published: November 2024

Recombinant protein engineering accelerated the synthesis of sequence-defined, calcium-responsive biopolymers. A mutation panel of repeats-in-toxin (RTX) proteins revealed sequence-dependent disorder, calcium sensitivity, and structural transitions.
Tunable luminescence via Cr3+–Yb3+/Nd3+ energy transfer in Cr3+ and Yb3+/Nd3+ coactivated NIR phosphors for non-destructive analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Sun Dashuai , Luo Pengcheng , Zhou Luhui , Lu Zheng , Liu Jia , Fan Congcong , Ye Xinyu , You Hongpeng
Published: November 2024

Novel high-efficiency near-infrared phosphors with tunable luminescence via Cr3+–Yb3+/Nd3+ energy transfer for non-destructive analysis.
Spiro-[4,5]-cyclohexadiene-8-one polymers: photoactivated crosslinking and switch-on fluorescence for lithography
Authors: Yuan Yi , Chao Mi , Shang Yunyi , Gao Yujia , Niu Guangle , Fang Wanggang , He Liqing , Wang Hui
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of dual-photoresponsive polymers was achieved through [2+2+1] cycloadditive polymerization. The polymers exhibit photoactivated crosslinking and switch-on fluorescence, demonstrating their significance in advancing 2D/3D lithography.
Probing intersystem crossing in multi-brominated eumelanin through transient absorption and surface hopping dynamics
Authors: Vinod Kavya , Hakeem K. Lukhmanul , Thomas Diana , Das Pallavi Panthakkal , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: November 2024

Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) followed by internal conversion in multi-brominated eumelanin monomers. The rate of ISC (kISC) in the tri-brominated monomer is higher than that in the di-brominated monomer due to an enhanced heavy atom effect.
Eco-friendly self-cleaning coatings: fundamentals, fabrication, applications, and sustainability
Authors: Chavan Tanaji K. , Sethi Sushanta K.
Published: November 2024

Eco-friendly self-cleaning coatings have garnered significant attention due to their potential to address environmental concerns while offering remarkable properties.
Nanoparticles based image-guided thermal therapy and temperature feedback
Authors: Jacinto Carlos , Silva Wagner F. , Garcia Joel , Zaragosa Gelo P. , Ilem Carlo Nonato D. , Sales Tasso O. , Santos Harrisson D. A. , Conde Blessed Isaac C. , Barbosa Helliomar Pereira , Malik Sonia , Sharma Surender Kumar
Published: November 2024

This review explores nanoparticles in image-guided thermal therapy, highlighting their targeted treatment potential, temperature feedback, nanomaterial architectures, and applications in hyperthermia and precision medicine.
Tailoring electromagnetic interference shielding, electrical and thermal properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) based hybrid nanocomposites with carbon nanofiber and magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Sabu Aleena , Narayanan B. Sabarish , Annamalai Pratheep Kumar , Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava Ramanujam
Published: November 2024

Enhanced dispersion of magnetite nanoparticles and carbon nanofibers in poly(vinylidene fluoride) helps in tailoring the electrical, mechanical, thermal and EMI shielding properties of hybrid nanocomposites for microwave absorption application.
Divergent roles of DRY and NPxxY motifs in selective activation of downstream signalling by the apelin receptor
Authors: Murali Subhashree , Aradhyam Gopala Krishna
Published: November 2024

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as critical communication hubs, translating a wide range of extracellular signals into intracellular responses that govern numerous physiological processes. In class-A GPCRs, conserved motifs mediate conformational changes of the active states of the receptor, and signal transduction is achieved by selectively binding to Gα proteins and/or adapter protein, arrestin. Apelin receptor (APJR) is a class-A GPCR that regulates a wide range of intracellular signalling cascades in response to apelin and elabela peptide ligands. Understanding how conserved motifs within APJR mediate activation and signal specificity remains unexplored. This study focuses on the functional roles of the DRY and NPxxY motifs within APJR by analyzing their impact on downstream signaling pathways across the receptor's conformational ensembles. Our findings provide compelling evidence that mutations within the conserved DRY and NPxxY motifs of APJR significantly alter its conformational preferences where modification of DRY motif leads to abrogation of G-protein coupling and mutation of NPxxY motif causing abolition of β-arrestin-2 recruitment. These observations shed light on the importance of these motifs in APJR activation and its potential for functional selectivity, highlighting the role of DRY/NPxxY as conformational switches of APJR signalling.
Knowledge maps as a complementary tool to learn and teach surgical anatomy in virtual reality: A case study in dental implantology
Authors: Lúcio Inês M. , de Faria Bernardo G. , Raidou Renata G. , Proença Luís , Zagalo Carlos , Mendes José João , Rodrigues Pedro , Lopes Daniel Simões
Published: November 2024

A thorough understanding of surgical anatomy is essential for preparing and training medical students to become competent and skilled surgeons. While Virtual Reality (VR) has shown to be a suitable interaction paradigm for surgical training, traditional anatomical VR models often rely on simple labels and arrows pointing to relevant landmarks. Yet, studies have indicated that such visual settings could benefit from knowledge maps as such representations explicitly illustrate the conceptual connections between anatomical landmarks. In this article, a VR educational tool is presented designed to explore the potential of knowledge maps as a complementary visual encoding for labeled 3D anatomy models. Focusing on surgical anatomy for implantology, it was investigated whether integrating knowledge maps within a VR environment could improve students' understanding and retention of complex anatomical relationships. The study involved 30 master's students in dentistry and 3 anatomy teachers, who used the tool and were subsequently assessed through surgical anatomy quizzes (measuring both completion times and scores) and subjective feedback (assessing user satisfaction, preferences, system usability, and task workload). The results showed that using knowledge maps in an immersive environment facilitates learning and teaching surgical anatomy applied to implantology, serving as a complementary tool to conventional VR educational methods.
Discovery of the preferred direction of electric vector position angle rotations in blazars
Authors: Shishkina E. V. , Savchenko S. S. , Morozova D. A. , Jorstad S. G. , Blinov D. A. , Borman G. A. , Grishina T. S. , Kopatskaya E. N. , Larionova E. G. , Novikova P. A. , Shkodkina E. A. , Smith P. S. , Troitskiy I. S. , Troitskaya Yu. V. , Vasilyev A. A. , Zhovtan A. V.
Published: November 2024

Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with a high optical linear polarization that originates in relativistic jets. Polarization parameters such as the degree of polarization (PD) and the electric vector position angle (EVPA) are directly related to the properties of the magnetic field in the jets. A study of the optical polarization of blazars allows conclusions to be drawn about the field geometry, its evolution, and its relation to the emission properties of the blazars. The periods of ordered changes in the electric vector position angle, so-called rotations, are of particular interest. We used a new method to determine EVPA rotations and to estimate their statistical significance with the aim to analyze long-term polarimetric observations of five blazars: OJ 287, S5 0716+71, 3C 454.3, CTA 102, and PG 1553+113. This resultes in the identification of 256 EVPA rotations. We found possible tendencies for the EVPA rotations to occur in a preferred direction in each of these sources: clockwise for OJ 287 and CTA 102, and counterclockwise for the others. The EVPA rotations can be explained by the spiral structure of the magnetic field in the jet. In this case, the observed preferred direction of rotations reflects the global structure of the magnetic field, which can be associated with the direction of rotation of either the black hole ergosphere or the accretion disk.
What makes the duduk special
Authors: Maugeais Sylvain , Dalmont Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2024

The duduk is a double reed instrument with cylindrical bore originating from Armenia. It is characterized by a deep and melancholic sound that has become one of the characteristics of Armenian music. Although its physical characteristics bring it close to the oboe (double reed) and the clarinet (cylindrical bore), its timbre make the duduk a distinct instrument. The present article aims at explaining this particularity by calibrating the parameters of a reed wind instrument model adapted for the duduk that can capture the main characteristics of the duduk sound. For this, physical measurements are made using an artificial mouth. Simulations are in good agreement with experiments and show that a clarinet model with a low reed resonance frequency is able to reproduce the main features of the duduk. This low reed frequency appears to be the main specificity of the duduk.
Incorporating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Building Environment-Related Business Models: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Usanova Kseniia Iurevna , Anuradha Kodali , Prasad Rajendra , Gandhi Ayush , Kalele Girish , Pawaiya Ashita
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the incorporation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into business models (BM) associated to Building Environment (BEs) in order to promote sustainable development, innovation, and resilient infrastructure. Through an analysis of business models released from 2016 to 2019, we explore the integration of important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as affordable, green energy (SDG 7), sustainable growth (SDG 8), industrialization and innovation (SDG 9), and resilient cities (SDG 11) into the operational and strategic frameworks of various business designs. Evidence from case studies conducted in different nations demonstrates how business models may be modified to include sustainable practices and frameworks motivated by values. Furthermore, this text presents guidelines for integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into upcoming Blue Models (BMs), emphasizing their significance in circular economies, green energy projects, and socially inclusive urban development. This paper provides important information to the stakeholders in the constructed environment as the legislators, developers, and academics who would wish to align their business agendas with the global sustainability goals. The research evidence suggests that business models associated with the SDGs allow for the management of modern sustainability challenges together with encouraging innovation and economic growth.
Advanced Pore Structure Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles via Electron Microscopy: Implications for Functional Optimization
Authors: Singh Preetjot , Ojha Varun , Sharma Prashant , Mittal Aman , Nautiyal Rishi Dev , Bandhavi Ch. , Singh Sandeep , Hamza Laeth H.J.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, quantitative analysis of the pore structure of AgNPs is presented by combined analysis of advanced electron microscopy techniques. The synchrotron-based analysis of silver nanoparticles with 18-30 nm in size confirmed detailed information about the internal structure of their porous nature of the nanoparticles and their surface characteristics. Although the pore volume of AgNPs changed from 28 nm³ to 40 nm³, pore size ranged between 3 nm to 10 nm. Specific pore volume values referring to AgNP mass were within 10–26 nm 2 /g depending on nanoparticle size. Furthermore, the surface area values varied between 25 m²/g and 50 m²/g evidencing the influence of nanoparticle size on internal as well as exterior surface area. Taken together, the findings suggest a direct dependency of size dependent nanoparticle on the pore structure and surface area of the support material: Diameter of AgNP has direct impact on porosity of the samples. These findings are useful for optimizing internal porosity and surface properties of AgNPs for particular uses such as catalysis, drug delivery, and sensing. This vast study provides a framework for synthesising AgNPs with any types of pore structures to improve nanotechnology applications through careful tailoring of materials.
Nano-Enhanced Fertilizers for Energy-Efficient Rice Farming: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kumar P.S. Satheesh , Rao Vittel , Kavitha N. , Balamurugan C. , Indira K.P. , Banga V.K.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the differences in Oryza sativa (rice) growth, as cultivated on conventional pig manure relative to that on nano-enhanced poultry manure mixed with sesbania. Improving nutrient delivery and achieving better chemical reactions in the soil resulted in increased plant growth and sustainability when nanomaterials were added to poultry manure. The experimental field area covered 1000 square feet, divided into two groups: Group 1 is working with nano-enhanced poultry manure together with Sesbania, while Group 2 is using only pig dung. A total of 40 samples consisted of 20 samples from each group. Using G- power, the sample size of 80% power and 95% confidence interval was established, with statistical analysis performed in SPSS software. With 105– 150 days, the average plant height of nano-enhanced poultry manures along with Sesbania reached 87 cm, whereas the pig manure had just 70 cm, stated the results. The variation showed an p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating it was statistically significant.

The improved performance of the manure is attributed to its greater chemical interactions and efficient nutrient absorption thanks to nanotechnology. This work provides important information on energy-efficient, high-yield farming techniques by bringing attention to the potential benefits of merging nanotechnology with organic fertilizers for sustainable rice cultivation. Results indicate that combining organic inputs with innovative technologies may greatly improve the quality of soil and nutrient supply, benefiting energy-efficient agriculture and sustainable manufacturing.