bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twistocaloric effect versus elastocaloric effect in shape memory alloys for low-force mechanocaloric design
Authors: Zheng Jiaxing , Li Zeyi , Lv Chao , Li Guanqi , Huo Xueyi , Wang Bin , Zhang Kaichao , Bao Rui , Gan Bin , Zhao Xinqing , Hou Huilong
Published: November 2024

The mechanocaloric effect refers to the reversible thermal effect under an external mechanical field and includes the elastocaloric effect (under the uniaxial stress field) and the twistocaloric effect (under the torsional stress field). In mechanocaloric designs, the elastocaloric effect has been the mainstream of the field with an emphasis on enhancing the performance of the elastocaloric materials and implementing them into elastocaloric systems. The twistocaloric effect has been recognized in materials implementation and exhibits the potential of miniaturized design. In this report, we compare the elastocaloric effect to the twistocaloric effect in the aspects of 1) superelastic behaviors including the critical transformation stress, transformation plateau, and transformation hysteresis, 2) reversible thermal behaviors, and 3) distribution of stress and temperature. We have provided the threshold of applied force for the twistocaloric effect under a combined set of strain and strain rates. Compared to the elastocaloric effect, the twistocaloric effect requires less force for the comparable temperature change and at a similar level of applied force generates a higher temperature change. To capture the distribution of the mechanical and thermal fields, we have conducted simulation and in-situ experiments to drive insights into the low-field activated transformation process in twistocaloric design compared to elastocaloric design. These results provide mechanical and thermal information on comparing the elastocaloric and twistocaloric effects and can facilitate the advanced mechanocaloric design for solid-state cooling technologies.
A UAV-based framework for quick recognition of pipeline defects
Authors: Ma Yinghan , Zhao Hong , Miao Xingyuan , Gao Boxuan , Song Fulin
Published: November 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based visual inspection is frequently employed for surface defect recognition. However, the recognition accuracy of UAVs is diminished by the presence of background interference and the small size of defects. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel framework that comprises an online image preprocessing module and the Pipe-MobileNet neural-network-based model. The preprocessing module aims to generate images without background interference, while the Pipe-MobileNet model incorporates a customized depthwise convolution operator that classifies convolution kernels, making it more efficient in defect classification. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a series of experiments was conducted on two realistic DN100 and DN200 pipelines. These results underscore the method’s marked improvements in recognition accuracy and computational efficiency.
Educational device for demonstrating Lenz’s law
Authors: Boháč Radek , Kopecký Václav , Primas Jiří , Malík Michal , Slavík Lubomír
Published: November 2024

Presented article is focused on the design of a suitable device for a simple demonstration of Lenz’s law of induction for theoretical and practical lessons in electromagnetism. Two simple experiments with the device are proposed as a way to demonstrate the basic principle. When designing the device and selecting the appropriate experiments, the emphasis is placed on simplicity and clarity. Another goal is to provide the device with suitable sensors and measuring system able to quickly obtain data from each ongoing experiment. Then the data should be easily uploaded and subsequently processed providing continuous information about the measured physical quantities. This requires a connection with a PC where the obtained data can be visualized in a graph for further ease of understanding.
Examination of factors affecting strain tolerance of multifilament MgB2 wires with Fe barrier
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Kodama Motomune , Suzuki Takaaki , Kotaki Hiroshi , Nishijima Gen , Matsumoto Akiyoshi , Sugano Michinaka
Published: November 2024

There are two fabrication processes, the wind and react method and the react and wind method, that are used to manufacture magnesium diboride (MgB2) magnets. The react and wind method is more desirable to simplify the coil fabrication process, but the understanding of the strain tolerance of the sintered MgB2 wire is insufficient. Hence, this study focused on determining the main factors that contribute to the strain tolerance of the MgB2 wire with Fe barrier. It is generally thought that irreversible strain of sintered MgB2 wire is mainly determined from the residual strain of MgB2 filament, which is caused by the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion among MgB2 and metal sheaths. To estimate the residual strain of MgB2 wire, the effect of yielded material must be considered. We calculated the residual strain of each constituent material used in the ten filament MgB2 wire in which copper was yielded during the cooling process from sintering temperature to room temperature. The calculated residual strains of metal sheaths except copper were compared with yield strains, and whether they yield was confirmed. The estimated residual strain of the MgB2 filament was also compared with the experimentally obtained irreversible strain, and the difference in these strains suggests the strain tolerance of the MgB2 filament. By measuring the irreversible strains of the MgB2 with different sintering times but the same residual strain, it was confirmed that the effect of the mechanical strength of the MgB2 filament on the strain tolerance of the MgB2 wire is slight but certain.
Modified quantum regression theorem and consistency with Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition
Authors: Khan Sakil , Agarwalla Bijay Kumar , Jain Sachin
Published: November 2024

We show that the long-time limit of the two-point correlation function obtained via the standard quantum regression theorem (QRT), a standard tool to compute correlation functions in open quantum systems, does not respect the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger equilibrium condition to the non-zero order of the system-bath coupling. We then follow the recently developed Heisenberg operator method for open quantum systems and by applying a ‘weak’ Markov approximation, derive a new modified version of the QRT that not only respects the KMS condition but further predicts exact answers for certain paradigmatic models in specific limits. We also show that in cases where the modified QRT does not match with exact answers, it always performs better than the standard QRT.
Spin relaxation in persistent spin textures
Authors: Dou Mingbo , Li Huinan , Tao L L
Published: November 2024

Spin relaxation due to the combined diffuse scattering and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) plays a crucial role for the efficient spin transport, which is a prerequisite for spintronic devices. Here, we investigate the spin relaxation in two-dimensional systems with different types of SOC, with a particular focus on the SOC with persistent spin texture (PSO). Based on the Boltzmann transport theory, we calculate spin diffusion matrices within the framework of Dyakonov–Perel mechanism. In the uniform case, it is found that the in-plane and out-of-plane spin relaxations for all considered SOCs are independent. Interestingly, the in-plane spin relaxation for certain PSOs reveals significant anisotropy characterized by the infinite spin relaxation time for the spin oriented along the direction of spin–orbit field. In the non-uniform case, we show that there always exists the static solution for the PSO with SU(2) symmetry, which corresponds the persistent spin helix in real space. Our work is expected to enrich the fundamental understanding of spin relaxation mechanism and provide new guidelines to design spin–orbitronic devices.
Entropic partial orderings of quantum measurements
Authors: Teixidó-Bonfill Adam , Schindler Joseph , Šafránek Dominik
Published: November 2024

We investigate four partial orderings on the space of quantum measurements (i.e. on POVMs or positive operator valued measures), describing four notions of coarse/fine-ness of measurement. These are the partial orderings induced by: (1) classical post-processing, (2) measured relative entropy, (3) observational entropy, and (4) linear relation of POVMs. The orderings form a hierarchy of implication, where e.g. post-processing relation implies all the others. We show that this hierarchy is strict for general POVMs, with examples showing that all four orderings are strictly inequivalent. Restricted to projective measurements, all are equivalent. Finally we show that observational entropy equality S

M
= S

N
(for all ρ) holds if and only if POVMs M ≡ N are post-processing equivalent, which shows that the first three orderings induce identical equivalence classes.
Interacting models of dark energy and dark matter in Einstein scalar Gauss Bonnet gravity
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Arora Simran , Rana Yamuna , Rose Benjamin , Wang Anzhong
Published: November 2024

We study the dynamics of the interacting models between the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupled scalar field and the dark matter fluid in a homogeneous and isotropic background. A key feature of GB coupling models is the varying speed of gravitational waves (GWs). We utilize recent constraints on the GW speed and conduct our analysis in two primary scenarios: model-dependent and model-independent. In the model-dependent scenario, where determining the GW speed requires a specific GB coupling functional form, we choose an exponential GB coupling. We adopt a dynamical system analysis to obtain the necessary constraints on the model parameters that describe different phases of the universe and produce a stable late-time accelerating solution following the GW constraint, and find that to satisfy all these constraints, fine-tuning of the free parameters involved in the models is often needed. In the model-independent scenario, the GW speed is fixed to one, and we construct the autonomous system to identify the late-time stable accelerating critical points. Furthermore, we adopt a Bayesian inference method using late-time observational data sets, including 31 data points from cosmic chronometer data (Hubble data) and 1701 data points from Pantheon+ and find that all the observational constraints can be satisfied without fine-tuning. In addition, we also utilize simulated binned Roman and LSST data to study the evolution of the universe in the model-independent scenario. We find that the model shows significant deviation at higher redshifts from ΛCDM and fits the current data much better than ΛCDM within the error bars.
Relativistic interacting fluids in cosmology
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos , Jensko Erik , Koivisto Tomi S.
Published: November 2024

Motivated by cosmological applications for interacting matters, an extension
of the action functional for relativistic fluids is proposed to incorporate the
physics of non-adiabatic processes and chemical reactions. The former
are characterised by entropy growth, while the latter violate
particle number conservation.
The relevance of these physics is demonstrated in the contexts of
self-interacting fluids, fluids interacting with scalar fields, and
hyperhydrodynamical interactions with geometry. The possible cosmological
applications range from early-universe phase transitions to astrophysical
phenomena, and from matter creation inflationary alternatives to interacting
dark sector alternatives to the ΛCDM model that aim to address its tensions.
As an example of the latter, a single fluid model of a unified dark sector is presented. The simple action of the model features one field and one parameter, yet it can both reproduce the ΛCDM cosmology and predict new phenomenology.
Leptogenesis via bubble collisions
Authors: Cataldi Martina , Shakya Bibhushan
Published: November 2024

We present a novel realization of leptogenesis from the decays of sterile (right-handed)
neutrinos (RHNs) produced from runaway bubble collisions at a first order phase transition. Such
configurations can produce heavy RHNs with mass many orders of magnitude above the scale of
symmetry breaking as well as the temperature of the plasma, thereby enabling high scale
leptogenesis without the need for high reheat temperatures while also naturally suppressing
washout effects. This mechanism is also efficient for RHN masses ≳ 1014 GeV, the
natural scale for type-I seesaw with 𝒪(1) couplings, where standard thermal
leptogenesis faces strong suppression from washout processes in equilibrium. The corresponding
phase transitions are at scales ≳ 109 GeV and produce gravitational wave signals that
could be detected by future experiments.
Geometrical quantum time in the U(1)3 model of Euclidean quantum gravity
Authors: Bakhoda Sepideh , Ma Yongge
Published: November 2024

Loop quantum gravity faces challenges in constructing a well-defined Hamiltonian constraint and understanding the quantum notion of time. In this paper these issues are studied by quantizing the U(1)3 model, a simplified system exhibiting features similar to general relativity. By isolating a holonomy component within the Hamiltonian constraint, a discrete relative time evolution equation for quantum states is obtained. Then, a Shrödinger-like equation is derived in the continuum limit. Thus, the physical states solving this Shrödinger-like equation can be written out. The emergence of the time parameter and its corresponding quantum operator are analyzed. It indicates the notion of a geometrical quantum time for quantum gravity.
Increased population exposure to extreme droughts in Iberia due to 0.5 °C additional anthropogenic warming
Authors: Russo Ana , Bento Virgílio A , Ribeiro Andreia F S , Lima Daniela C A , Careto João A M , Soares Pedro M M , Libonati Renata , Trigo Ricardo M , Gouveia Célia M
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of incremental global warming, specifically the transition from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C, on drought conditions in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). Our findings confirm a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts in the IP due to anthropogenic climate change. We highlight the importance of temperature in drought representation and underscore the urgent need to limit global warming below 1.5 °C, in line with international climate policies. The analysis reveals that the exacerbation of drought conditions is more pronounced under higher emission scenarios, particularly RCP8.5, emphasizing the critical role of emission reduction in climate change mitigation. Furthermore, a substantial increase in affected land area and population exposure to drought is observed, especially under the higher-emission scenario. Climate change emerges as the primary factor contributing to increased drought exposure, with emission reduction efforts offering potential mitigation. To overcome limitations associated with model uncertainties, a multi-model multi-variable ensemble approach was employed to enhance the regional specificity of the findings. This provides valuable insights for local climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. Results suggest that mitigating anthropogenic warming by 0.5 °C to achieve the 1.5 °C warmer climate rather than 2.0 °C may provide benefits for future drought risks and impacts in the IP and underscore the urgency of implementing stringent climate policies. By offering a comprehensive assessment of drought conditions and population exposure, this study informs decision-making and climate resilience strategies, emphasizing the need for immediate action to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems and human populations.
Gauged Skyrme analogue of Chern-Pontryagin
Authors: Tchrakian D H
Published: November 2024

An analogue of the Chern–Pontryagin density for SO(D) gauged

O
(
D
+
1
)

Skyrme systems, referred to as Skyrme–Chern–Pontryagin (SCP) densities is known for dimensions

D
=
2
,
3
,
4

. Since these are defined only through a prescription, it is necessary to extend the realisation to higher D, which is carried out here for D = 5. The construction of SCP densities in

D
=
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

is presented here in a unified pattern with the aim of pointing out to the possible extrapolation to all dimensions.
A comprehensive analysis of the water distribution network by using waterGEMS software
Authors: Brahmamiah Borigarla , Surendra K. , Vani P.
Published: November 2024

Water is essential for various human activities, and the water need has dramatically increased with population growth and lifestyle changes. This increased demand underscores the importance of sustainable and efficient water management strategies. This study aimed to create robust, efficient systems to meet growing communities’ current and future water needs. WaterGEMS software was used to identify high- and low-pressure zones in junctions and assess water flow velocity in pipes to evaluate hydraulic performance. The results showed considerable differences in water demand, pressure, elevation, and hydraulic grade at various intersections. The minimum and maximum demand of 1.0 L/min and 19.0 L/min were found at J-2 and J-31, respectively. The elevation varied from 33.78 to 67.38 meters, with the lowest at J-20 and the highest at J-31. Hydraulic grade ranged from 39.40 to 110.04 meters, with the weakest at J-30 and the highest at J-41. Furthermore, the multi-linear regression model constructed to forecast head loss in the water distribution network had significant coefficients and an R-squared value of 0.965, indicating an excellent match to the data. All coefficients had significant p-values (p < 0.05), indicating the model’s reliability.
Emission of carbon footprint from building construction materials: A review
Authors: Dighade Rajendra , Gomase Virendra , Peshattiwar Radha , Selokar Anchal , Sangidwar Nilay , Peshattiwar Savi , Malve Sameer
Published: November 2024

The construction industry, a cornerstone of global development, is also a notable contributor to environmental degradation. A staggering 39% of the total carbon footprint stems from the production and construction processes, emphasizing the urgency to address this issue. This review narrows its focus on residential building construction, a critical segment of the construction sector. Examining the carbon emissions within residential construction unveils the pivotal role played by various construction materials. Concrete, steel, and traditional bricks, while indispensable, contribute significantly to the sector’s carbon footprint. This necessitates a thorough investigation into alternative materials that can mitigate this impact. In this context, the study delves into innovative solutions and alternative materials that hold the potential to substantially reduce carbon emissions. This review emphasizes the importance of recognizing the carbon emissions stemming from construction materials used in residential buildings. It underscores the pressing need to shift towards more sustainable approaches. Identifying and embracing alternative materials is a pivotal measure in addressing the environmental risks linked to building construction. Ultimately, this research adds to the ongoing conversation about sustainable construction methods, to lead the path towards an eco-friendlier and environmentally aware future in residential building construction.
Optimizing roofing efficiency: utilizing GGBS and coir fibre in cement tile production
Authors: Jagannadha Rao K. , Sastri M.V.S.S. , Swetha T. , Poojita Ch.
Published: November 2024

The roof of a dwelling is the most significant and expensive. Low-cost heavy roofing construction frequently resulted in higher costs. The potential usage for coir, an eco-friendly building material, is as a raw material for corrugated roofing sheets and tiles. This study deals with the effects of using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement in cement roof tile production. The work is based on an experimental study of roofing tiles produced with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (OPC) replaced by GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag). The optimum combination of fibre of 0.8% and replacement of GGBS of 40% in tiles was found optimum.
Municipal solid waste management practices vs public opinion study of Telangana State during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: LaxmiMaddhinni Vasantha , Mushti Jyothi
Published: November 2024

Municipal solid waste management is an important environmental concern of the new era. The fast-evolvinglifestyles of the people, rapid population growth and industrialization, and a certain amount of unawareness and negligence on the part of the public add to the MSW management issues. Many studies indicated that a greater amount of municipal solid waste is not effectively managed. An efficient management of municipal solid waste is therefore called for to protect the public and environment from waste hazards. The current paper proposes to offer a holistic view of efficient practices for municipal solid waste management in Telangana. An online survey has been conducted with the help of Google Formsusing social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Snapchat to understand the concerns of the society about proper methods of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Telangana. The number of responses received is 219 in a total of 32 districts in Telangana state. Statistical analysis has been carried out with the help of the Chi-square test at a 5% level of significance to identify the existence of a significant relation between Municipal Solid Waste management aspects and the demographic variables namely gender and place of residence.
Innovative HDPE plastic aggregates in concrete: enhancing sustainability
Authors: Kumar Ratod Vinod , Kumar Dhondy Rupesh
Published: November 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable construction practices, the integration of recycled materials into concrete production emerges as a pivotal strategy. This research delves into the integration of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic aggregates into concrete mixes, with the aim of bolstering both the mechanical properties and ecological sustainability of concrete structures. The study meticulously examines the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, along with Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, of concrete specimens incorporating recycled HDPE plastic aggregates. Notably, a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.25 was employed in the concrete mix formulation, optimizing the material’s performance. The plastic aggregates utilized in this study were meticulously prepared, comprising 50% recycled HDPE plastic and 50% sand, resulting in a balanced 1:1 ratio for the first type, while the second type featured a 1:2 ratio. Through rigorous experimentation and analysis, the findings elucidate the transformative potential of recycled HDPE plastic aggregates in reshaping conventional concrete production paradigms. This research underscores the viability of recycled HDPE plastic aggregates as a sustainable substitute for traditional aggregates, offering a compelling avenue for reducing environmental impact while enhancing structural integrity. The implications of this study extend beyond the laboratory, signalling a paradigm shift towards more environmentally conscious construction practices. As the construction industry continues to grapple with sustainability challenges, the integration of recycled materials such as HDPE plastic aggregates holds immense promise for fostering a greener and more resilient built environment.
Revolutionizing concrete construction: Harnessing the potential of low-shrinkage over-burnt clay bricks as sustainable coarse aggregate
Authors: Selwyn Babu J. , Hemanth D.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a study on the feasibility of using low-shrinkage over-burnt clay bricks as a sustainable coarse aggregate in concrete mixes. The research encompasses a thorough evaluation of mechanical and durability properties to assess the performance of these mixes in structural and durable applications. Mechanical strength tests, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, were conducted to evaluate structural behaviour. The results indicate that the mix with 30% brick aggregate replacement demonstrated competitive compressive strength at 28 days, showing promise for structural use. Additionally, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity displayed favourable trends over time, suggesting improved structural performance. Durability properties assessment focused on concrete bond strength, water absorption, permeable voids, sorptivity, and resistance to chloride diffusion. The mix with 30% replacement exhibited the highest bond strength at 28 days and the lowest water absorption, indicating enhanced durability. Sorptivity values showed reduced water absorption rates, particularly for mixes with higher replacement levels, highlighting improved resistance to moisture ingress. Resistance to chloride diffusion varied with replacement levels, with the 30% replacement mix demonstrating satisfactory performance. Overall, the concrete mixes with varying levels of brick aggregate replacement, particularly the 30% replacement mix, exhibited favourable performance across mechanical and durability tests. These findings suggest the potential of low-shrinkage over-burnt clay bricks as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, offering enhanced structural strength and durability for sustainable construction practices.
Treatment of wastewater using rice husk ash
Authors: Rayabharapu Vijay Kumar , Manjunatha B. , Petluru Prasanthi , Mella Bharat Sai
Published: November 2024

Water is a critical issue in the present world. Agricultural development, industrialization, and urbanization cause the drying up of most river basins in India and elsewhere further resulting in severe water shortages. In most cities in India, the estimated amount of sewage generated is around 40000 million liters per day (MLD). However, the sewage treatment capacity is only a mere 11786 MLD. To address this problem, several cost-effective and sustainable wastewater treatment methods are being researched. One such method is adsorption using Rice Husk Ash (RHA), an industrial by-product abundantly available at a very low cost. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of activated carbon for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), colour, turbidity from municipal wastewater by using RHA. A set of four samples were selected and analyzed under both conditions: (1) before treatment with RHA and (2) after treatment with RHA. Our analysis showed that the addition of RHA as a coagulant to wastewater treated it efficiently as evident from the results obtained in the aforementioned laboratory tests.
Navigating Cityscapes: Innovations in Urban Mobility and Infrastructure
Authors: Kumaravel Priyanka , Velkennedy R.
Published: November 2024

The nature and broadening of road transportation infrastructure influence a nation’s ability to grow sustainably. Due to the combined impacts of poor maintenance and structural weaknesses to meet the demands of an increase in traffic intensity and loads, India’s enormous network of existing roads, which were built at considerable expense, is starting to exhibit signs of distress failure before the design period. Maintenance directly affects a pavement’s longevity. The Pavement Maintenance Management System (PMMS) is a scientific strategy for assessing the current state of pavement in a specific area. To provide a more flexible approach that allows tasks to be accomplished more successfully, this project intends to provide a Pavement Maintenance Management System that provides an organized approach for the maintenance, improvement, and operation of city pavements and tools. As part of this study, an initial survey is carried out from Thanakankulam to Thiruparankundram. The World Bank created HDM-4, a software program that may be used internationally to identify the best repair itinerary for highway pavements. To identify the Pavement Quality Index and associated techniques, the HDM-4 tool will conduct further investigations.
Shear capacity enhancement of slab-column joint of a flat slab system
Authors: Tangudu Manoj , Bommisetty Jagadeesh , Keertan Tirukovela Sai , Krishna P.V.V.S.S.R.
Published: November 2024

The need for beam-less space structures has been increasing globally in recent times to meet the demand new construction method is being used popularly known as Flat slab. Flat Slab has many advantages such as ease of application of formwork, more space to occupy, and shorter duration for construction. Implementing efficient load-bearing structures is an often-underestimated measure with enormous saving potential compared to conventional, but rather criteria such as construction costs the possibility of integrating building services components must be socially sustainable including safety, functionality, and adaptability. To construct commercial buildings mostly Flat slabs are economical compared with conventional slabs. The present work involves finding out the equivalent space framework with slab and column elements to reduce the effect of shear. Outcomes of RC Slab-Column joints with Shear Reinforcement from FE (Finite Element) analysis are presented. Three Interior Slab-Column Joints were modelled and analyzed in ANSYS. One slab specimen is without drop and shear reinforcement the second specimen is with drop and without shear reinforcement and the third specimen is without drop and with shear reinforcement. Similarly, three Exterior and three Edge Joints were modelled and analysed. In this study, the enhancement of principal stress, shear stress, principal strain, and shear strain of the slab-column assemblies by provision of shear reinforcement were discussed. The provision of shear reinforcement at slab-column assembly exhibited a maximum shear stress reduction of 42% at the edge joint.
Rehabilitation and restoration of the historic church using the conventional method
Authors: Monica D. , Brindha D.
Published: November 2024

This abstract outline the restoration process of St. Michael and All Angels Church, which was constructed in the Thoothukudi region of Tamil Nadu in 1883. The church is a significant landmark and an important example of local ecclesiastical architecture. The project aims to use a methodical restoration approach to preserve the building’s historical and architectural identity. The first step in the process is to identify any structural deficiencies, which will then be addressed using traditional techniques. Traditional materials will also be used to replace any damaged parts, such as timber fittings, stained glass windows, and decorative elements, to maintain authenticity. The building will be assessed using a standard penetration radar test (GPR). The restoration work will use lime mortar consisting of lime (CaO), sand (SiO2), and juice extract from gall nut and jaggery, similar to the existing structure. The roof will be restored using a 5-layer protective coating. Special measures will be taken to preserve the historic significance of the building.
Experimental Investigation on Reactive Powder Concrete Designed with Micro silica and Alccofine1203
Authors: Abrahimi Ahmadshah , Bhikshma V.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the incorporation of micro silica and alccofine1203 as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC). Optimization of normal RPC mix is performed using the modified Andreassen model by the Elkem Material Mix Analyzer (EMMA), alongside experiments involving 0–30% SCM replacement and different quartz sand size combinations. Rigorous assessments cover compressive strength, density, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and flow diameter. The study underscores the effectiveness of the modified Andreassen model and suggests a blend of 10% micro silica and 20% alccofine1203 in RPC under normal curing conditions. The study achieved 127 MPa, 18 MPa, and 10 MPa compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength, respectively, by utilizing a blend of micro silica and alccofine. These values show 5%, 7%, and 9% increments, respectively, compared to the maximum values of only micro silica (20%) and alccofine1203 (20%) mixes. The study also identifies the impact of high-content (>2%) superplasticizer on early strength as well as the role of mixing duration, particularly in low-speed mixers for RPC.
The Role of Simulations in Teaching Policy
Authors: Wu Chi-Fang , Laursen Tiffany
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the use of simulations to engage macro social work students in situations where public policy, community organizations, and social work practice intersect. The primary focus is on enhancing students’ proficiency in defining social problems faced by clients and subsequently identifying and connecting them with appropriate services and interventions. Students found the simulations beneficial in improving their understanding of how policy influences the lives of communities and individuals. This chapter highlights the pivotal role of simulations in preparing future macro social workers, emphasizing the profound insights gained by students into the intricate relationship between policy and practice and the varied approaches to addressing social issues. Students have expressed their interest in engaging with societal challenges and have identified the need for more simulations that address social justice, race relations, and intersectionality. Practical recommendations based on valuable student experiences are also provided.
Using Online Simulations in the Social Work Classroom
Authors: Cintrón Valerie , Sun Kang
Published: November 2024

Amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) has proactively promoted the adoption of online simulation-based learning (SBL) as a pedagogical tool. Simulation as a legitimate means for field training has been put to the test when implemented online. This chapter delves into the benefits of utilizing online simulation series for social work training, providing valuable insights into creating a comprehensive and engaging learning experience for students. By implementing these strategies, learners will be better equipped to navigate the complex social work landscape. It highlights both class design aspects and student-centered participation and reflection to provide insights into developing effective online SBL experiences.
Impact of the Crisis on Fiscal Positions
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki
Published: November 2024

The adverse effects of macroeconomic uncertainties arising due to the ongoing war and the pandemic are still unfolding and manifesting themselves through many channels and are wide-ranging. These comprise falling revenues, both tax and non-tax, rising non-discretionary and discretionary expenditures, a one-time increase in health spending and curtailed social sector expenditures in other sectors. The cumulative upshot of buffeting from different directions can be serious. The adverse impact of the crisis on the rate of economic growth and rising unemployment could be socially unsettling. The combined effect has resulted in swelling fiscal deficits and escalating public debt. This chapter discusses the impact of the crisis on the fiscal position.
Crisis and Public Debt Management
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki
Published: November 2024

In most of the countries the cumulative impact of monetary and fiscal measures in managing the crisis is reflected in the magnitude of public debt. The stress on public debt could be the result of financial sector vulnerabilities and fiscal stimulus or through their mutually reinforcing nature. Global public debt appears to have increased manifold, mainly on account of fiscal stimulus in advanced economies. It is undeniable that new dimensions of public debt in the global economy have emerged from the global financial crises and magnified further during the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter argues that the management of public debt in future should capture recent developments in global financial architecture and the outlook for global public debt. Against this background, the tasks and challenges ahead for management of public debt are listed in the concluding part of the chapter.
Alkenylboronic acid derivatives as monomers for radical polymerization leading to polymer synthesis via side-chain replacement and development of boron-based functions
Authors: Nishikawa Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2024

Vacant p-orbital of boron is often utilized for design of unique organic reactions based on its stabilization of adjacent carbon radical and Lewis acidity for interactions with internal or external base. In this study, these unique properties of boron were utilized to design vinyl monomers for chain-growth polymerization. The author found that alkenylboronic acid derivatives, where boron is connected to a vinyl moiety, exhibit radical (co)polymerization abilities due to the stabilization of the chain-growth radical by the p-orbital of boron. The resulting polymers have boron atoms attached to the main chain, and the replacement of boron pendants with other elements in the post-polymerization transformation step enabled the synthesis of novel polymers that are difficult to access by conventional methods [e.g. poly(α-methyl vinyl alcohol), branched poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene-co-acrylate)]. Furthermore, boron on the main chain served not only as a replaceable side chain but also as a Lewis acidic moiety for developing novel polymer functions such as stimuli-responsive backbone degradation and side-chain cooperative polymer catalysts. The concept of boron-based monomer design thus opens new avenues in polymer chemistry and materials science.
Entropy-driven formation of a self-assembled molecular capsule through release of amine from ammonium carboxylate salt
Authors: Asada Yuki , Kobayashi Amane , Ueda Masahiro , Ban Hayato , Kimura Masaki , Naito Masaya , Tokunaga Yuji
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigated the formation of a self-assembling hetero-porphyrin capsule, stabilized through aminoquinolinium/carboxylate salt bridge interactions, in the presence of amines. The formation of the capsule, accompanied by the release of 4 amine molecules from the carboxylate salt, is driven by entropy when excess amines are present, and entropy and enthalpy of the capsule formation can be regulated with varying amounts of amine. Notably, increasing the size of the added amines enhanced the entropy.
Impact of Revised Diagnostic Testing Algorithms and Case Definitions on Lyme Disease Surveillance in a Low-Incidence State: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Lee Gayoung , Hollingsworth Brandon D , Giandomenico Dana A , Fisher Teresa G , Williams Carl , Boyce Ross M
Published: November 2024

We evaluated the impact of the endorsement of modified 2-tiered testing and its inclusion in updated Lyme disease case definitions in North Carolina using surveillance data from 2017–2023. After the implementation of modified 2-tiered testing, confirmed cases increased by 117%, with comparable decreases in probable cases compared with prior periods.
Noninferiority Study of Purified Vero Rabies Vaccine—Serum Free in 3-dose and 2-dose Preexposure Prophylaxis Regimens in Comparison With Licensed Rabies Vaccines
Authors: Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Huoi Catherine , Tantawichien Terapong , Mootsikapun Piroon , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Ratanasuwan Winai , Vangelisti Manuel , Laot Thelma , Huang Youjun , Petit Celine , Pineda-Peña Andrea-Clemencia , Frago Carina
Published: November 2024

Background

A next-generation, serum-free, highly purified Vero cell rabies vaccine, PVRV-NG2, is in development.

Methods

This multicenter, observer-blind, phase 3 study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of PVRV-NG2, compared with 2 licensed rabies vaccines (purified Vero cell rabies vaccine [PVRV] and human diploid cell vaccine [HDCV]), as a preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen. Participants were randomized 3:1:1 to PVRV-NG2, PVRV, or HDCV, as a 3-dose (cohort 1; children and adults; day [D] 0, D7, and D28) or 2-dose (cohort 2; adults; D0 and D7) PrEP regimen. The primary objective was noninferiority of PVRV-NG2 to PVRV and HDCV as 3-dose PrEP, based on the proportion of participants with rabies virus–neutralizing antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL at D42. Noninferiority of immune responses for 2-dose PrEP at D28 and noninferiority of 2-dose (D28) versus 3-dose (D42) HDCV were also assessed as secondary immunogenicity objectives. Safety was assessed throughout.

Results

Overall, 1708 participants were enrolled (cohort 1: 505 children, 505 adults; cohort 2: 698 adults). All participants had rabies virus–neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5 IU/mL after 3-dose PVRV-NG2 (D42), with noninferiority to PVRV and HDCV demonstrated. All secondary immunogenicity objectives were achieved, including noninferiority of 2-dose PVRV-NG2 versus 2-dose PVRV and HDCV (D28) and 3-dose HDCV (D42), and noninferiority of 2-dose HDCV versus 3-dose HDCV. The safety profile of PVRV-NG2 was comparable to those of PVRV and HDCV.

Conclusions

This study supports the use of PVRV-NG2 in 2- or 3-dose PrEP regimens, with no safety concerns identified.

Clinical Trials Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04127786; EudraCT: 2019-000973-22; WHO: U1111-1217-3241.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model to reduce exomass-related metal artefacts in cone-beam CT: an ex vivo study using porcine mandibles
Authors: Oliveira Matheus L , Schaub Susanne , Dagassan-Berndt Dorothea , Bieder Florentin , Cattin Philippe C , Bornstein Michael M
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to reduce metal artefacts originating from the exomass in cone-beam CT (CBCT) of the jaws.

Methods

Five porcine mandibles, each featuring six tubes filled with a radiopaque solution, were scanned using four CBCT units before and after the incremental insertion of up to three titanium, titanium-zirconium, and zirconia dental implants in the exomass of a small field of view. A conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model, using DL techniques, was employed to correct axial images from exomass-related metal artefacts across the CBCT units and implant scenarios. Three examiners independently scored the image quality of all datasets, including those without an implant (ground truth), with implants in the exomass (original), and DL-generated ones. Quantitative analysis compared contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) to validate artefact reduction using repeated measures analysis of variance in a factorial design followed by Tukey test (α = .05).

Results

The visualisation of the hard tissues and overall image quality was reduced in the original and increased in the DL-generated images. The score variation observed in the original images was not observed in the DL-generated images, which generally scored higher than the original images. DL-generated images revealed significantly greater CNR than both the ground truth and their corresponding original images, regardless of the material and quantity of dental implants and the CBCT unit (P < .05). Original images revealed significantly lower CNR than the ground truth (P < .05).

Conclusions

The developed DL model using porcine mandibles demonstrated promising performance in correcting exomass-related metal artefacts in CBCT, serving as a proof-of-principle for future applications of this approach.
Sling fiber preservation during POEM reduces incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Khalaf Kareem , May Gary R , Teshima Christopher W
Published: November 2024

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been a limiting factor with POEM. Sling-fiber preservation during POEM was reported to reduce postoperative GERD in Japan. This study investigates the efficacy of this technique in a western population. This is a retrospective, single-center study of patients undergoing POEM from October 2017 to January 2023. The initial cohort of patients were treated by conventional POEM, after which a second cohort underwent POEM with sling-fiber preservation. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. The secondary outcomes were clinical success rate (Eckardt score ≤ 3), procedure time, and adverse events rate. Multivariate regression was then performed to identify factors associated with the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. One hundred and forty eight POEM cases (52.5 ± 15.6 y/o, female: 61[43%]) were included. The mean procedure time (108.6 ± 34.5 vs. 109.1 ± 45.7 min, P = 0.93) was similar between the groups. In the sling-fiber preservation group, gastric myotomy length was significantly longer (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8 cm, P < 0.05), yet the incidence rate of postoperative reflux symptoms at follow-up was significantly lower (22.4% vs. 42.3%, P < 0.05). The clinical success rate was similar between groups (89.5% vs. 83.1%, P = 0.32), and the rate of adverse events requiring intervention (13.5% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.36) was similar. Regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for other risk factors of postoperative GERD, sling-fiber preservation during POEM had an odds ratio of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85, P < 0.05) for the incidence of reflux symptoms. Sling-fiber preservation during POEM reduces the incidence of postoperative reflux symptoms. As such, sling-fiber preservation may be a useful solution to reduce post-POEM GERD in western populations.
Nutrient-dependent regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes
Authors: Ma Yanlin , Xiao Chengbin , Liu Jianquan , Ren Guangpeng
Published: November 2024

Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and development, playing a critical role in the mutualistic symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Legumes have evolved intricate signaling pathways that respond to various mineral nutrients, selectively activating genes involved in nodulation and nutrient uptake during symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Key minerals, including nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), are vital throughout the SNF process, influencing signal recognition, nodule formation, the regulation of nodule numbers, and the prevention of nodule early senescence. Here we review recent advancements in nutrient-dependent regulation of root nodule symbiosis, focusing on the systemic autoregulation of nodulation (AON) in nitrate-dependent symbiosis, the roles of NIN-like proteins (NLPs), and the function of essential nutrients and their associated transporters in legume symbiosis. Additionally, we discuss several key research areas that require further exploration to deepen our understanding of nutrient-dependent mechanisms in SNF.