bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДИНАМІКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ РОТОВОЇ РІДИНИ ТА КЛІНІЧНОГО СТАНУ ТКАНИН ПАРОДОНТА У ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ГІНГІВІТОМ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ЛІКУВАЛЬНО-ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДІВ
Authors: Avdeev O. V. , Zmarko Y. K. , Boykiv A. B. , Drevnitska R. O.
Published: May 2017

Ураховуючи високу поширеність запальних процесів у пародонті дітей різного віку, слід зробити висновок про недостатню ефективність профілактичних і лікувальних заходів.Мета дослідження – провести порівняльну оцінку традиційного лікування гінгівіту з терапією із використанням протизапального гелю з неовітином.Матеріали і методи. 47 дітей, хворих на хронічний катаральний гінгівіт, було взято під диспансерне спостереження та поділено на групи: основну (23 дитини) і порівняльну (24 дитини). Усім дітям проводили загальноприйняту терапію згідно з протоколами надання медичної допомоги – базова терапія. В основній групі протягом місяця застосовували засоби патогенетичної спрямованості – протизапальний гель із неовітином, рекомендовані засоби гігієни. В порівняльній групі для місцевої терапії використали 3 % розчин пероксиду водню; для полоскань ротової порожнини (протягом першого тижня лікування) – “Ротокан”, лікувально-профілактична зубна паста. Контрольні огляди та обстеження із визначенням гігієнічного стану порожнини рота за гігієнічним індексом Федорова–Володкіної, поширеності та інтенсивності запального процесу в яснах оцінювали за допомогою проби Шиллера–Писарєва та індексу РМА, показників ротової рідини (вміст загального глутатіону, окисненого та відновленого глутатіону, редокс-індекс глутатіону).Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Після проведеного лікування ліквідація процесу запалення ясен у хворих основної групи супроводжувалась зменшенням індексу РМА у 2,8 раза; ГІ – в 1,6 раза. Встановлено скорочення терміну лікування дітей при застосуванні запропонованої лікувальної схеми. Через 0,5 року вміст загального глутатіону в основній групі достовірно був більшим як від показника порівняльної групи до лікування (у 1,2 раза), так і від показника порівняльної групи через 0,5 року (1,2 раза). Також достовірною була різниця між вмістом відновленого глутатіону в дітей основної і порівняльної груп – у 1,2 раза, редокс-індекс глутатіону в основній групі зріс і навіть достовірно перевищив показник контрольної групи.Висновки. Застосування запропонованої терапії із використанням гелю з неовітином сприяло кращим результатам лікування: зменшенню ступеня запалення ясен, кількості відвідувань лікаря, поліпшенню показників антиоксидантного захисту в ротовій рідині дітей, причому, більшою мірою через півроку після проведеного лікування.
ВПЛИВ ВОДИ ВІД’ЄМНОГО ОКИСНО-ВІДНОВНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ НА ФУНКЦІЮ НИРОК В ОЛІГУРИЧНІЙ СТАДІЇ СУЛЕМОВОЇ НЕФРОПАТІЇ
Authors: Rohovyi Yu. Ye. , Kolesnik O. V. , Bocharov A. V.
Published: May 2017

Відомо, що зниження окисно-відновного потенціалу води на кожні 59 мВ призводить до збільшення кількості електронів у 10 разів.Мета дослідження – з’ясувати вплив навантаження водою від’ємного окисно-відновного потенціалу на показники функції нирок, порівняно з індукованим діурезом звичайною водогінною водою в олігуричній стадії сулемової нефропатії.Матеріали і методи. У дослідах на 40 білих нелінійних статевозрілих щурах-самцях в олігуричній стадії сулемової нефропатії, яку моделювали за умов гіпонатрієвого раціону харчування шляхом підшкірного введення сулеми в дозі 5мг/кг, при навантаженні водою від’ємного окисно-відновного потенціалу (-232,0±25,12) мВ, порівняно з індукованим діурезом звичайною водогінною водою (окисно-відновний потенціал (88,7±18,35) мВ, який вимірювали ОВП-метром, досліджено екскреторну, іонорегулювальну та кислоторегулювальну функції нирок.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За умов досліду встановлено гальмування діурезу та відносного діурезу, що поліпшенням покращанням реабсорбції іонів натрію в проксимальних і дистальних канальцях за рахунок збільшення постачання електронів до канальців нирок. Зазначене положення підтверджено за допомогою багатофакторного регресійного аналізу, оскільки тенденції до наростання дистальної та проксимальної реабсорбції іонів натрію призвели до зменшення синдрому втрати іонів натрію з сечею із тенденцією наростання його концентрації в плазмі крові та встановленням  достовірних корелятивних зв’язків (р<0,05) між вищезазначеними показниками. Покращання енергетичного стану проксимального відділу нефрона за умов досліду призвело до поліпшення реабсорбції білка та зменшення його екскреції з сечею. У результаті зазначених змін відбулося зниження постачання іонів натрію до macula densa дистального відділу нефрона, гальмування тубуло-гломерулярного зворотного зв’язку із зниженням реактивності ренін-ангіотензин-альдостеронової системи та зменшенням концентрації і екскреції іонів калію із сечею.  Зниження екскреції аміаку зумовлені олужнювальними властивостями мікрогідрину, що викликало гальмування амоніогенезу, який зазвичай активується при некомпенсованих ацидозах.
КЛІНІКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ СЛИННИХ ЗАЛОЗ НА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАТУС У ХВОРИХ ІЗ ГЕПАТОБІЛІАРНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: Levitsky A. P. , Boris G. Z. , Furdychko A. I.
Published: May 2017

Слинні залози  відіграють значну роль у підтриманні нормального гомеостазу тканин і органів порожнини рота. Захворювання гепатобіліарної системи займають центральне місце серед усіх соматичних патологій  людського організму. В разі ушкодження бар’єрної та антимікробної функцій печінки із кишечника через портальну кров відбувається транслокація  умовно патогенних бактерій. Як наслідок, відомі гепаторенальний, гепатопульмональний,  гепатомукозальний та гепатооральний симптоми. Встановлено, що ризик виникнення порушення стану слинних залоз  при  гепатобіліарній патології значно вищий. У таких хворих обов’язково присутні такі стоматологічні захворювання, як катаральний та атрофічний гінгівіт, пародонтит, глосит, гіпосалівація та гіперестезія  емалі та дентину.Мета дослідження вивчити стан слинних залоз та їх вплив на стоматологічний статус у хворих із гепатобіліарною патологією.Матеріали і методи Було обстежено 40  осіб, яких поділили на 3 групи. Першу групу – контрольну (здорові люди) склали 11 осіб. Другу групу – хворі (10 осіб) із хронічним запаленням жовчного міхура. Третя група (19 осіб) – пацієнти з хронічним холециститом у поєднанні з гострим гіалоденітом. Вік обстежуваних – 20–45 років. Обстеження складалось із збору анамнезу, об’єктивного обстеження порожнини рота та визначення індексів гігієни (Гріна–Вермільйона, Федорова–Володкіної). Проводили збір нестимульованої слини впродовж 15 хв натще. Стан гепатобіліарної системи оцінювали за допомогою біохімічного дослідження сироватки крові у  пацієнтів гастроентерологічного відділення.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. За  даними проведених  досліджень, доведено, що у пацієнтів із гепатобіліарною патологією збільшується  ймовірність виникнення захворювання слинних залоз та стоматологічної патології.Висновки. За допомогою проведених клініко-лабораторних досліджень  ми переконались, що при гіпосалівації збільшується  ймовірність виникнення стоматологічних захворювань. У результаті зменшення  об’єму  слини,   знижується її кількість у порожнині рота, як наслідок мікробний фактор перемагає над захисними властивостями з розвитком патологічних процесів.
СЕРЦЕВА НЕДОСТАТНІСТЬ І ТОЛЕРАНТНІСТЬ ДО ФІЗИЧНИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ У ХВОРИХ НА ТОКСИЧНИЙ ЗОБ
Authors: Smiian S. I. , Kravtsiv V. V.
Published: May 2017

Тиреоїдні гормони мають кардіотропний вплив. Їх надлишок викликає гіперфункцію серця, має токсичну дію на серцевий м’яз і серцево-судинну систему. В її основі лежать процеси гіперфункції, гіпертрофії, дистрофії та кардіосклерозу.Мета дослідження – вивчення толерантності до фізичних навантажень і тяжкості серцевої недостатності хворих на токсичний зоб різного ступеня тяжкості та їх змін на фоні тиреостатичної терапії і після тиреоїдектомії.Матеріали і методи. У якості показника толерантності до фізичних навантажень та оцінки тяжкості серцевої недостатності використали показники тесту шестихвилинної ходьби.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. З наростанням тяжкості тиреотоксикозу зменшуються довжина пройденої відстані, показники споживання кисню, приросту частоти серцевих скорочень і частоти дихання. Під впливом лікування настає покращення толерантності до фізичних навантажень.Висновки. Тест шестихвилинної ходьби об’єктивно відображає тяжкість серцевої недостатності та толерантність до фізичних навантажень. Перспективним є продовження досліджень для вивчення предикторів прогнозування віддалених результатів лікування хворих на токсичний зоб.
Гендерні особливості впливу гіпергомоцистеїнемії на метаболізм сірковмісних амінокислот та гідроген сульфіду в печінці
Authors: Melnik A. V. , Zaichko N. V.
Published: May 2017

Introduction. Sulfur amino acid disorders are recognized as metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular pathology. However, the question of the involvement of sulfur amino acids in the formation of the gender-defined pathology of cardiovascular system remains unclear.The aim of the study – research the impact of thiolactone hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) on blood levels of sulfur-containing metabolites and enzymes activity in metabolism of homocysteine, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide in the liver of rats of both sexes.Methods of the research. Experiments were conducted on 40 white laboratory rats of both sexes weighing 220–280 g. Hyperhomocysteinemia was modeled by long-term intragastric administration of thiolactone D,L-homocysteine, dosage 100 mg / kg, in 1 % starch solution once per day for 28 days. The research determines the content of homocysteine, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide in blood serum and activity of enzymes in the liver – cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase, cysteine aminotransferase, methionine adenosyltransferase, cysteine dioxygenase and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase.Results and Discussion. Hyperhomocysteinemia initiates gender-defined changes in the content of sulfur-containing metabolites in the serum of rats: increase homocysteine and cysteine and reduction of hydrogen sulfide is 111; 59.2 and 59.4 % in males (females – 82.4, 38.0 and 47.5 %, p<0.05) respectively compared to the control group.HHC in males has led to a more distinct decreased in liver enzyme activity of homocysteine methylation and transsulfuration (on 20.5–24.8 % in males and on 13.4–15.4 % in females, p <0.05), enzymes of cysteine degradation in oxidative and conjugation ways (in 21.1–22.0 % in males and on 13.4–15.3 % in females, p<0.05) and H2S-synthesizing enzymes (20.6–25.9 % in males and on 13.5–17.5 % in females, p<0.05) compared to the control group.Conclusions. It was shown, thiolactone homocysteine administration is accompanied by the rise of homocysteine, cysteine and the reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide in blood in individuals of both sexes, but more significant changes were observed in males. In addition, gender defined changes in the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds in the liver were registered: male rats showed significantly greater decrease in liver enzyme activity of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration, cysteine degradation enzymes and synthesis of hydrogen sulfide in the liver compared to female rats.
Вплив тиреоїдних гормонів на процеси реметилування та транссульфування сірковмісних амінокислот в органах щурів
Authors: Nechyporuk V. M. , Zaichko N. V. , Korda М. М.
Published: May 2017

Introduction. Sulfur-containing amino acids affect the vital processes of cells and methylation processes support the redox potential and integrity of cellular systems, incapacitate toxicants and free radicals. Disorders of sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism is associated with different pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, malignant tumors, neural tube defects, kidneys diseases. The increase of sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteine in the blood is a serious risk factor of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, venous thrombosis. Regulation of sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism is carried out at different levels, including thyroid hormones. It was shown that hypothyroidism is an independent factor leading to an increase in the concentration of homocysteine in the blood and the risk of cardiovascular diseases development. However, specific molecular mechanisms of the effect of thyroid hormones on sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism are still unknown.The aim of the study – to investigate experimentally the effect of thyroid hormones on remethylation and transsulfuration pathways in the liver and kidneys, homocysteine, cysteine and hidrogen sulfide contents in the blood serum of experimental animals.Methods of the research. L-thyroxine and Mercazolil were used for the modeling of hyper- and hypothyroidism, which were confirmed by the content of free thyroxine, free triiod othyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum.Results and Discussion. In the liver and kidneys of animals with hypothyroidism a decrease in the activity of remethylation cycle enzymes (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase), as well as transsulfuration pathway enzymes (cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, cysteine transaminase) was observed. At the same time, introduction of L-thyroxine increased the activity of these enzymes in the liver and kidney tissues. Hyperthyroidism caused the decrease of homocysteine concentration whereas hypothyroidism increased the levels of homocysteine, cysteine and decreased the hydrogen sulpide content in blood.Conclusions. Disorders of remethylation and transsulfuration of sulfur-containing amino acids in organs might be important risk factors of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulation development.
Oligogalacturonic Acid Inhibits Vascular Calcification by Two Mechanisms
Authors: Hodroge Ahmed , Trécherel Eric , Cornu Marjorie , Darwiche Walaa , Mansour Ali , Ait-Mohand Katia , Verissimo Thomas , Gomila Cathy , Schembri Carole , Da Nascimento Sophie , Elboutachfaiti Redouan , Boullier Agnès , Lorne Emmanuel , Courtois Josiane , Petit Emmanuel , Toumieux Sylvestre , Kovensky José , Sonnet Pascal , Massy Ziad A. , Kamel Saïd , Rossi Claire , Ausseil Jérôme
Published: May 2017

Objective—

Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Calcification of the vessel wall is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients having many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease. Vascular calcification is actively regulated by inductive and inhibitory mechanisms (including vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation) and results from an active osteogenic process. During the calcification process, extracellular vesicles (also known as matrix vesicles) released by vascular smooth muscle cells interact with type I collagen and then act as nucleating foci for calcium crystallization. Our primary objective was to identify new, natural molecules that inhibit the vascular calcification process.

Approach and Results—

We have found that oligogalacturonic acids (obtained by the acid hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid) reduce in vitro inorganic phosphate–induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by 80% and inorganic phosphate–induced calcification of isolated rat aortic rings by 50%. A specific oligogalacturonic acid with a degree of polymerization of 8 (DP8) was found to inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and, thus, prevent the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. We also evidenced in biochemical and immunofluorescence assays a direct interaction between matrix vesicles and type I collagen via the GFOGER sequence (where single letter amino acid nomenclature is used, O=hydroxyproline) thought to be involved in interactions with several pairs of integrins.

Conclusions—

DP8 inhibits vascular calcification development mainly by inhibition of osteogenic marker expression but also partly by masking the GFOGER sequence—thereby, preventing matrix vesicles from binding to type I collagen.
Clinical Relevance and Role of Neuronal AT
1
Receptors in ADAM17-Mediated ACE2 Shedding in Neurogenic Hypertension
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Sriramula Srinivas , Xia Huijing , Moreno-Walton Lisa , Culicchia Frank , Domenig Oliver , Poglitsch Marko , Lazartigues Eric
Published: May 2017

Rationale:

Neurogenic hypertension is characterized by an increase in sympathetic activity and often resistance to drug treatments. We previously reported that it is also associated with a reduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) and an increase in a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) activity in experimental hypertension. In addition, while multiple cells within the central nervous system have been involved in the development of neurogenic hypertension, the contribution of ADAM17 has not been investigated.

Objective:

To assess the clinical relevance of this ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in hypertensive patients and further identify the cell types and signaling pathways involved in this process.

Methods and Results:

Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we identified ACE2 as the main enzyme converting angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1–7) in human cerebrospinal fluid. We also observed an increase in ACE2 activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypertensive patients, which was correlated with systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the increased level of tumor necrosis factor-α in those cerebrospinal fluid samples confirmed that ADAM17 was upregulated in the brain of hypertensive patients. To further assess the interaction between brain renin–angiotensin system and ADAM17, we generated mice lacking angiotensin II type 1 receptors specifically on neurons. Our data reveal that despite expression on astrocytes and other cells types in the brain, ADAM17 upregulation during deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertension occurs selectively on neurons, and neuronal angiotensin II type 1 receptors are indispensable to this process. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal-regulated kinase were found to mediate ADAM17 activation.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II type 1 receptors promote ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in the brain of hypertensive patients, leading to a loss in compensatory activity during neurogenic hypertension.
Deconstruction of Interhospital Transfer Workflow in Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Ng Felix C. , Low Essie , Andrew Emily , Smith Karen , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Hand Peter J. , Crompton Douglas E. , Wijeratne Tissa , Dewey Helen M. , Choi Philip M.
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose—

Interhospital transfer is a critical component in the treatment of acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke transferred for mechanical thrombectomy. Real-world data for benchmarking and theoretical modeling are limited. We sought to characterize transfer workflow from primary stroke center (PSC) to comprehensive stroke center after the publication of positive thrombectomy trials.

Methods—

Consecutive patients transferred from 3 high-volume PSCs to a single comprehensive stroke center between January 2015 and August 2016 were included in a retrospective study. Factors associated with key time metrics were analyzed with emphasis on PSC intrahospital workflow.

Results—

Sixty-seven patients were identified. Median age was 74 years (interquartile range [IQR], 63.5–78) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 17 (IQR, 12–21). Median transfer time measured by PSC-door-to-comprehensive stroke center-door was 128 minutes (IQR, 107–164), of which 82.8% was spent at PSCs (door-in-door-out [DIDO]; 106 minutes; IQR, 86–143). The lengthiest component of DIDO was computed-tomography-to-retrieval-request (median 59.5 minutes; IQR, 44–83). The 37.3% had DIDO exceeding 120 minutes. DIDO times differed significantly between PSCs (
P
=0.01). In multivariate analyses, rerecruiting the initial ambulance crew for transfer (
P
<0.01) and presentation during working hours (
P
=0.04) were associated with shorter DIDO times.

Conclusions—

In a metropolitan hub-and-spoke network, PSC-door-to-comprehensive stroke center-door and DIDO times are long even in high-volume PSCs. Improving PSC workflow represents a major opportunity to expedite mechanical thrombectomy and improve patient outcomes.
Self-Organization of Vocabularies under Different Interaction Orders
Authors: Vera Javier
Published: May 2017

Traditionally, the formation of vocabularies has been studied by agent-based models (primarily, the naming game) in which random pairs of agents negotiate word-meaning associations at each discrete time step. This article proposes a first approximation to a novel question: To what extent is the negotiation of word-meaning associations influenced by the order in which agents interact? Automata networks provide the adequate mathematical framework to explore this question. Computer simulations suggest that on two-dimensional lattices the typical features of the formation of word-meaning associations are recovered under random schemes that update small fractions of the population at the same time; by contrast, if larger subsets of the population are updated, a periodic behavior may appear.
The authorship and nomenclature of Vincetoxicum rossicum (Cynanchum rossicum) and V. meoticum (C. meoticum) (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae), with considerations on nomenclatural uncertainties in determining the validity of names
Authors: L. MOSYAKIN SERGEI , A. DAVYDOV DENIS , M. SHIYAN NATALIA
Published: May 2017

It is demonstrated that the name Cynanchum rossicum was invalidly published by Kleopow (1929) as a provisional name. In the same article he validly published C. meoticum as “Cynanchum (Vincetoxicum) meoticum”, probably with an intention to create a corresponding alternative name in Vincetoxicum. However, our analysis of the protologue demonstrates that, regardless of Kleopow’s intentions, he did not validly publish any alternative names in Vincetoxicum. After considering publications in which the name Cynanchum rossicum (or Vincetoxicum rossicum) was accepted, we conclude that C. rossicum was validated (probably inadvertently) in Index Kewensis Supplement 8 (Hill 1933). Consequently, the combination V. rossicum made by Barbaricz in 1950 through indirect reference should be cited with the authorship “(Kleopow) Barbar.” However, if validations of names in Index Kewensis supplements starting from Supplement 4 are effectively excluded, following the proposal by Sennikov et al. (2015), then under possible acceptance of that proposal at the XIX International Botanical Congress in 2017 the name V. rossicum will be attributed to Barbaricz, and C. rossicum will become illegitimate (because of its validation in 1941 with an earlier binomial V. schmalhausenii cited in synonymy). General aspects of uncertainties present in the current ICN regarding the conditions of valid publication of names are discussed, especially provisions covering alternative names and indirect reference.
A new species and new combinations of Memecylon in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: WIJEDASA LAHIRU S. , HUGHES MARK
Published: May 2017

Memecylon corticosum is re-circumscribed to include M. kratense as a variety, and M. caudatum is considered synonymous with M. corticosum var. corticosum. A new combination has been made for M. pauciflorum var. brevifolium as it is considered conspecific to M. scutellatum, and is recognised as a variety. Finally, the new species M. perplexum is described from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.
Unravelling a century of misuse: typification of the name Himantoglossum caprinum (Orchidaceae: Orchideae)
Authors: SRAMKÓ GÁBOR , ÓVÁRI MIKLÓS , YENA ANDRIY V. , SENNIKOV ALEXANDER N. , SOMLYAY LAJOS , BATEMAN RICHARD M. , V. ATTILA MOLNÁR
Published: May 2017

There are two morphologically similar and closely related eastern species of lizard orchids of the Eurasian Himantoglossum Sprengel (1826: 694) that, according to current literature (Sundermann 1980, Buttler 1996, Kreutz 1998, Baumann et al. 2006, Delforge 2006), can easily be distinguished by anthocyanin markings on the labella (‘lips’) of their flowers, H. caprinum (Marschall von Bieberstein 1819: 602) Sprengel (1826: 694) is said to have papillate red spots on the lip, whereas H. affine (Boissier 1882: 56) Schlechter (1918: 287) lacks such marks. We consider the length of labellar papillae as another character separating them; the former has up to 0.5 mm long papillae, whereas in the latter they rarely reach 0.1 mm. Furthermore, two quantitative morphological characters consistently mentioned in the literature are said to show little if any overlap between—and therefore be diagnostic of—the two species: (i) the length of the lateral lobe of the labellum, and (ii) the length of the labellar spur.
A 150 year-old mystery solved: Transfer of the rheophytic endemic liverwort Myriocolea irrorata to Colura
Authors: HEINRICHS JOCHEN , DONG SHANSHAN , YU YING , SCHÄFER-VERWIMP ALFONS , PÓCS TAMÁS , FELDBERG KATHRIN , HENTSCHEL JÖRN , SCHMIDT ALEXANDER R. , SCHNEIDER HARALD
Published: May 2017

Myriocolea irrorata is an endemic rheophytic liverwort known from a few localities in the Eastern Andes of Ecuador. Morphologically it belongs to the Cololejeunea-Tuyamaella clade of Lejeuneaceae, however, due to its exclusively Radula-type branching, transversely inserted, hollow leaves, large size, and an extremely high number of clustered gynoecia it has often been regarded as an isolated element of this group. Phylogenetic analyses of a molecular dataset consisting of three markers (nuclear ribosomal ITS region, plastidic trnL-F region and rbcL gene) and 20 accessions resolved Myriocolea in one of the main clades of Colura, sister to the generitype Colura calyptrifolia. Based on the molecular topology and a reinterpretation of morphological traits, Myriocolea irrorata is transferred to Colura, as Colura irrorata. The example Myriocolea/Colura adds to growing evidence that rheophytic liverworts may develop unusual morphologies that hamper their classification using exclusively morphology.
Morphological features of larvae of Pandalus eous, P. goniurus, and P. tridents (Decapoda, Pandalidae) from planktonic samples taken in marine waters near Kamchatka Peninsula
Authors: SEDOVA NINA , GRIGORIEV SERGEY
Published: May 2017

Description of larvae of three species: Pandalus eous, P. goniurus and P. tridens (family Pandalidae) from planktonic samples taken in the Okhotsk Sea, Avacha Gulf, and in the Bering Sea is given. Morphological features of larvae for the purpose of their identification are compared. Features which are not subject to significant intraspecific variation, and which is useful for the separation of these species in larval period are discussed. The most important features for identification of larvae of these species may be the structure of the rostrum, the presence or absence of denticles on the carapace and abdomen, the number of setae on different legs. The most reliable feature for the separation of larvae of these species into stages of zoea is the structure of the maxilla. A key to identify of species in larval stages and drawings of separate stages are given.
Integrative taxonomy reveals two sympatric species of the genus Eucriotettix Hebard, 1930 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , STOROZHENKO SERGEY YU , HWANG WEI SONG , MEIER RUDOLF
Published: May 2017

Limno-terrestrial pygmy grasshoppers are mostly recognised using morphology but characters used are not always clear-cut for species identification. From a faunistic survey in Singapore, Eucriotettix were collected and two new species are identified and described here: E. guentheri sp. nov. and E. simulans sp. nov. This was done by iteratively incorporating morphological, molecular, morphometric, and ecological data. Mitochondrial COI trees, COI cluster analysis, microhabitat preference, and morphometric analyses provide strong enough indirect evidence that the specimens comprise a pair of species. A key to species of Eucriotettix from Singapore is also provided.
Revision of Tomocerus similis Chen & Ma, with discussion of the kinoshitai complex and the distal tibiotarsal chaetae in Tomocerinae (Collembola, Tomoceridae)
Authors: YU DAOYUAN , DING YINHUAN , MA YITONG
Published: May 2017

Molecular analysis and a detailed morphological comparison revealed that Tomocerus similis Chen & Ma was described from individuals belonging to several species from several localities. Based on both old and new material from Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, China, T. similis is redescribed and two new species are described. The three species are morphologically similar. Tomocerus persimilis sp. nov. differs from the others by the presence of central macrochaeta on head and of several distinct distal inner teeth on unguis. Tomocerus dissimilis sp. nov. is characterised by pointed tenent hairs on anterior legs. Remarks are made on the systematics and ecology of the kinoshitai complex, and on the taxonomic value of tenent hair and its adjacent chaetae.
First record of Cephenniitae in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, with description of new species of Cephennodes and Cephennomicrus of Mussau and Manus Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: May 2017

The supertribe Cephenniitae and the tribe Cephenniini are for the first time recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Cephennodes (s. str.) mussauinsularis sp. n. and Cephennomicrus manusianus sp. n. are described, based on specimens collected respectively on Mussau Island (New Ireland Province) and Manus Island (Manus Province).
One new species and one new recorded species of the genus Kuzicus (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Meconematini) from China
Authors: ZHU QI-DI , SHI FU-MING
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a new species of the genus Kuzicus from China, Kuzicus (Kuzicus) leptocercus sp. nov., is described, with a new recorded species, Kuzicus (Kuzicus) koeppeli Sänger & Helfert, 2004 from China. The distribution data and morphological photographs of Kuzicus (Kuzicus) leptocercus sp. nov. and Kuzicus (Kuzicus) koeppeli Sänger & Helfert, 2004 are provided. All specimens are preserved in the Museum of Hebei University.
A new species and a new record of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: genus Choroterpes Eaton, 1881) from India
Authors: SELVAKUMAR C. , SUBRAMANIAN K. A. , CHANDRA KAILASH , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. G. , JEHAMALAR E. EYARIN , SINHA BIKRAMJIT
Published: May 2017

A new species belonging to the subgenus Dilatognathus of the genus Choroterpes is described based on larvae collected from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Choroterpes (Dilatognathus) nicobarensis n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Dilatognathus by the absence of a tusk on the maxillary apex, has ventro-apical flange and dentiseta directed distally, as in Choroterpes other than Dilatognathus. Choroterpes (Dilatognathus) nigella (Kang & Yang 1994) is newly recorded based on larvae collected in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal. Remarks on the evolution of the mouth apparatus of the subgenus Dilatognathus are given.
Turbulence Measurements from Compliant Moorings. Part II: Motion Correction
Authors: Kilcher Levi F. , Thomson Jim , Harding Samuel , Nylund Sven
Published: May 2017

Acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) are a valuable tool for making high-precision measurements of turbulence, and moorings are a convenient and ubiquitous platform for making many kinds of measurements in the ocean. However, because of concerns that mooring motion can contaminate turbulence measurements and that acoustic Doppler profilers make middepth velocity measurements relatively easy, ADVs are not frequently deployed from moorings. This work demonstrates that inertial motion measurements can be used to reduce motion contamination from moored ADV velocity measurements. Three distinct mooring platforms were deployed in a tidal channel with inertial-motion-sensor-equipped ADVs. In each case, motion correction based on the inertial measurements reduces mooring motion contamination of velocity measurements. The spectra from these measurements are consistent with other measurements in tidal channels and have an slope at high frequencies—consistent with Kolmogorov’s theory of isotropic turbulence. Motion correction also improves estimates of cross spectra and Reynolds stresses. A comparison of turbulence dissipation with flow speed and turbulence production indicates a bottom boundary layer production–dissipation balance during ebb and flood that is consistent with the strong tidal forcing at the site. These results indicate that inertial-motion-sensor-equipped ADVs are a valuable new tool for making high-precision turbulence measurements from moorings.
A Machine Learning Approach to Modeling Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Uncertainty
Authors: Loridan Thomas , Crompton Ryan P. , Dubossarsky Eugene
Published: May 2017

Tropical cyclone (TC) risk assessment models and probabilistic forecasting systems rely on large ensembles to simulate the track trajectories, intensities, and spatial distributions of damaging winds from severe events. Given computational constraints associated with the generation of such ensembles, the representation of TC winds is typically based on very simple parametric formulations. Such models strongly underestimate the full range of TC wind field variability and thus do not allow for accurate representation of the risk profile. With this in mind, this study explores the potential of machine learning algorithms as an alternative to current parametric methods. First, a catalog of high-resolution TC wind simulations is assembled for the western North Pacific using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulated wind fields are then decomposed via principal component analysis (PCA) and a quantile regression forest model is trained to predict the conditional distributions of the first three principal component (PC) weights. With this model, predictions can be made for any quantiles in the distributions of the PC weights thereby providing a way to account for uncertainty in the modeled wind fields. By repeatedly sampling the quantile values, probabilistic maps for the likelihood of attaining given wind speed thresholds can be easily generated. Similarly the inclusion of such a model as part of a TC risk assessment framework can greatly increase the range of wind field patterns sampled, providing a broader view of the threat posed by TC winds.
WMO Assessment of Weather and Climate Mortality Extremes: Lightning, Tropical Cyclones, Tornadoes, and Hail
Authors: Cerveny Randall S. , Bessemoulin Pierre , Burt Christopher C. , Cooper Mary Ann , Cunjie Zhang , Dewan Ashraf , Finch Jonathan , Holle Ronald L. , Kalkstein Laurence , Kruger Andries , Lee Tsz-cheung , Martínez Rodney , Mohapatra M. , Pattanaik D. R. , Peterson Thomas C. , Sheridan Scott , Trewin Blair , Tait Andrew , Wahab M. M. Abdel
Published: May 2017

A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology international panel was convened to examine and assess the available evidence associated with five weather-related mortality extremes: 1) lightning (indirect), 2) lightning (direct), 3) tropical cyclones, 4) tornadoes, and 5) hail. After recommending for acceptance of only events after 1873 (the formation of the predecessor of the WMO), the committee evaluated and accepted the following mortality extremes: 1) “highest mortality (indirect strike) associated with lightning” as the 469 people killed in a lightning-caused oil tank fire in Dronka, Egypt, on 2 November 1994; 2) “highest mortality directly associated with a single lightning flash” as the lightning flash that killed 21 people in a hut in Manica Tribal Trust Lands, Zimbabwe (at time of incident, eastern Rhodesia), on 23 December 1975; 3) “highest mortality associated with a tropical cyclone” as the Bangladesh (at time of incident, East Pakistan) cyclone of 12–13 November 1970 with an estimated death toll of 300 000 people; 4) “highest mortality associated with a tornado” as the 26 April 1989 tornado that destroyed the Manikganj district, Bangladesh, with an estimated death toll of 1300 individuals; and 5) “highest mortality associated with a hailstorm” as the storm occurring near Moradabad, India, on 30 April 1888 that killed 246 people. These mortality extremes serve to further atmospheric science by giving baseline mortality values for comparison to future weather-related catastrophes and also allow for adjudication of new meteorological information as it becomes available.
The Intercultural Communicative Competence and Digital Education
Authors: Elboubekri Abdellah
Published: May 2017

Developing an intercultural competence, where language is seen as a cultural construct, seems to be consensually advocated by contemporary theories in teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Given its grounding on cultural studies, intercultural education focuses its pedagogical orientation and strategies on popular cultures that are not included within the recognized canons. It also adopts the critical pedagogy that feeds on comparative and reflective practices for the sake of fostering cultural awareness of the world. Apparently, digital education and the ample opportunities initiated by social media and the various forms of Information Communication Technology (ICT) allow for connecting English learners with speakers of English from other cultures, a possibility that is absent in the ordinary reality experienced in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Based on these premises, the present research article argues for enhancing intercultural competence among Moroccan university students of English as a viable strategy to overcome the remarkable low achievement in exam scores and language proficiency. It posits that students’ expectation vis-à-vis the learning and teaching materials are not adequately met. Furthermore, it both predicts and confirms that students have a strong predilection for cultural integration in their English studies. As students have positive attitudes of ICTs, especially social media, the article proposes blending the traditional classroom mode of teaching with the cooperative and collaborative online learning practices. To face the inevitable challenges to this suggestion, it is recommended that the teachers should be engaged in preservice and in-service training in the content and the methodology of such blended learning that targets intercultural competence improvement.
Experience of exclusion: A framework analysis of socioeconomic factors affecting cardiac rehabilitation participation among patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Pedersen Maria , Overgaard Dorthe , Andersen Ingelise , Baastrup Marie , Egerod Ingrid
Published: May 2017

Background:

The Danish public healthcare system provides comprehensive care based on the principle of equal access. However, it is well documented that patients with low socioeconomic position are less likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation. More knowledge is needed to understand this phenomenon. The aim of the study was to explore the patient experience of barriers to completion of phase II cardiac rehabilitation, and to investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on completion of cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods:

The study had a qualitative explorative design using semi-structured individual or dyadic interviews with patients ( n = 24) and close relatives ( n = 12). Informants were sampled from a quantitative prospective study of 302 patients with acute coronary syndrome and data were analyzed using the framework method.

Results:

Patients in different socioeconomic groups were challenged by a rigid and non-individualized rehabilitation program. A total of five themes were identified that might explain non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation: exclusion by time and place, exclusion by health beliefs, exclusion from counseling, exclusion by alienation, and exclusion of relatives. The themes were described in a matrix of socioeconomic factors of age, sex, education and employment.

Conclusions:

Patients in various socioeconomic subgroups felt excluded from cardiac rehabilitation for different reasons. This study supports earlier findings and provides examples of real-life issues that need to be addressed to prevent attrition and encourage participation. Equal access to cardiac rehabilitation can only be reached if the physical and psychological needs of patient and family are met by tailoring therapy to consider age, sex, education and employment groups.
Higher Education, Women, and Sociocultural Change: A Closer Look at the Statistics
Authors: Parvazian Somayeh , Gill Judith , Chiera Belinda
Published: May 2017

This article reports an analysis of the relationship between women’s increased participation in higher education and other recent social changes over the last four decades. To date, women’s increased involvement in higher education has been studied as either a force for or a consequence of other sociocultural changes. Drawing on data from key international data sets and with a focus on a range of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries, this article details an exploratory factor analysis of women’s higher education participation and a range of other variables identified as indicators of or mediators for social change. This analysis reveals the existence of four underlying factors showing the structural interrelationship between the variables.
Social-Ecological Determinants of Elite Student Athletes’ Dual Career Development in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Sum Raymond Kim Wai , Tsai Hsiu-Hua , Ching Ha Amy Sau , Cheng Chih-fu , Wang Fong-jia , Li Minghui
Published: May 2017

Previous research has encouraged a cultural specific framework to be developed through research in Asian countries, such as China, to help internationalize the findings and help athletes to adapt them to their society and culture. Based on a socioecological framework, this study investigated how social-ecological determinants affect elite student athletes’ (ESA) experience of the socialization process of dual career development in Hong Kong and Taiwan. We interviewed eight ESAs who trained at the national level, studying simultaneously at universities in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Grounded theory techniques and procedures were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that ESAs are affected by interrelated determinants at different levels: individual (career aims, identities, roles, characters, self-efficacy, and motivation), micro-level (coaches, teammates, parents, siblings, physical education [PE] teachers, other teachers, alumni, seniors, and classmates), meso-level (interrelations between individual and micro-level), exo-level (government, financial, policy, academic, medical, and parent–teacher association), macro-level (attitudes, norms, values, beliefs, resources, and culture), and chrono-level (transition).
Can Non-HLA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Help Stratify Risk in TrialNet Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Steck Andrea K , Xu Ping , Geyer Susan , Redondo Maria J , Antinozzi Peter , Wentworth John M , Sosenko Jay , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Chen Wei-Min , Rich Stephen S , Pugliese Alberto ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: May 2017

Context

Genome-wide association studies identified >50 type 1 diabetes (T1D) associated non-human leukocyte antigens (non-HLA) loci.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to risk of disease progression.

Design and Setting

The TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study follows relatives of T1D patients for development of autoantibodies (Abs) and T1D.

Participants

Using the Immunochip, we analyzed 53 diabetes-associated, non-HLA SNPs in 1016 Ab-positive, at-risk non-Hispanic white relatives.

Main Outcome Measure

Effect of SNPs on the development of multiple Abs and T1D.

Results

Cox proportional analyses included all substantial non-HLA SNPs, HLA genotypes, relationship to proband, sex, age at initial screening, initial Ab type, and number. Factors involved in progression from single to multiple Abs included age at screening, relationship to proband, HLA genotypes, and rs3087243 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4). Significant factors for diabetes progression included age at screening, Ab number, HLA genotypes, rs6476839 [GLIS family zinc finger 3 (GLIS3)], and rs3184504 [SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3)]. When glucose area under the curve (AUC) was included, factors involved in disease progression included glucose AUC, age at screening, Ab number, relationship to proband, HLA genotypes, rs6476839 (GLIS3), and rs7221109 (CCR7). In stratified analyses by age, glucose AUC, age at screening, sibling, HLA genotypes, rs6476839 (GLIS3), and rs4900384 (C14orf64) were significantly associated with progression to diabetes in participants <12 years old, whereas glucose AUC, sibling, rs3184504 (SH2B3), and rs4900384 (C14orf64) were significant in those ≥12.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we identified five non-HLA SNPs associated with increased risk of progression from Ab positivity to disease that may improve risk stratification for prevention trials.
Patient Blood Management in Major Orthopedic Surgery: Less Erythropoietin and More Iron?
Authors: Rineau Emmanuel , Stoyanov Alexandra , Samson Emmanuel , Hubert Laurent , Lasocki Sigismond
Published: May 2017

Erythropoietin (EPO) is proposed preoperatively to reduce blood transfusion in anemic patients (hemoglobin < 13 g/dL) scheduled for a major orthopedic surgery. New intravenous iron formulations allow infusion of higher doses, increasing EPO response. In that context, we evaluated in a before-after study (n = 62 and 65 patients for each period) a new EPO administration protocol (2 injections 4 and 3 weeks before surgery, and a third if hemoglobin <13 g/dL instead of <15 g/dL 2 weeks before surgery). After this protocol implementation, the mean (standard deviation) number of EPO injections decreased from 2.8 (0.5) to 2.2 (0.4)/patient (P < .0001) without changing transfusion rates (3% in the 2 periods).
Respiratory function and mechanics in pinnipeds and cetaceans
Authors: Fahlman Andreas , Moore Michael J. , Garcia-Parraga Daniel
Published: May 2017

In this Review, we focus on the functional properties of the respiratory system of pinnipeds and cetaceans, and briefly summarize the underlying anatomy; in doing so, we provide an overview of what is currently known about their respiratory physiology and mechanics. While exposure to high pressure is a common challenge among breath-hold divers, there is a large variation in respiratory anatomy, function and capacity between species – how are these traits adapted to allow the animals to withstand the physiological challenges faced during dives? The ultra-deep diving feats of some marine mammals defy our current understanding of respiratory physiology and lung mechanics. These animals cope daily with lung compression, alveolar collapse, transient hyperoxia and extreme hypoxia. By improving our understanding of respiratory physiology under these conditions, we will be better able to define the physiological constraints imposed on these animals, and how these limitations may affect the survival of marine mammals in a changing environment. Many of the respiratory traits to survive exposure to an extreme environment may inspire novel treatments for a variety of respiratory problems in humans.