bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical associations of mitral and aortic regurgitation in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Gjini Petro , Kenes Jodie F. , Chandrasekhar Mahesh , Hansen Ross , Dharod Ajay , Smith Stephen C. , Pu Min , Upadhya Bharathi , Stacey Richard Brandon
Published: December 2022

Background

Most guidelines directing clinicians to manage valve disease are directed at single valve lesions. Limited data exists to direct our understanding of how concomitant valve disease impacts the left ventricle (LV).

Methods

We identified 2817 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) from the echocardiography laboratory database between September 2012 and June 2018 who had a LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥50%. LV mass, LV mass index, LV systolic pressure (systolic blood pressure + peak aortic gradient). Covariates were collected from the electronic medical record. Multi‐variate analysis of covariance was used to generate adjusted comparisons.

Results

Our population was 66% female, 17% African‐American with a mean age of 65 years. Of note, 7.3% were noted to have significant (moderate/severe) aortic regurgitation (AR), and 11% had significant (moderate/severe) mitral regurgitation (MR). Adjusting for covariates at different levels, significant MR had a much stronger association with heart failure compared to those with significant AR (p < .001 vs. p = .313, respectively) at all levels of adjustment. Both significant mitral and AR exhibited an association with increasing left ventricular mass, even with adjustment for baseline demographics and clinical features (p < .001 vs. p = .007, respectively).

Conclusion

In patients with AS, 16% also experience at least moderate MR or AR. Further, significant MR has a stronger association with heart failure than significant AR, even though both increase left ventricular mass. Those with moderate AS and significant MR or AR experience similar or higher levels of heart failure compared to severe AS without regurgitation. Mixed valve disease merits further studies to direct longitudinal management.
Difference in thickness of vacuum‐formed mouthguards using ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin sheets
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Watarai Yuko , Suzuki Tatsuhiro
Published: December 2022

Background/Aim

Polyolefin sheets are fabricated in the same manner as ethylene vinyl acetate sheets. The aim of this study was to examine the difference of vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness according to each heating condition using ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin sheets.

Materials and Methods

Mouthguard sheets of 3.0 mm ethylene vinyl acetate and polyolefin were vacuum‐formed on working models at three heating temperatures: 85, 95, and 105°C. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, the buccal surface of the first molar, and occlusal surface of the first molar. Differences in the thickness of the mouthguards according to the sheet materials and the heating conditions were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance.

Results

Mouthguard thickness varied between the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets (p < .01), and the thickness of the ethylene vinyl acetate sheet was greater than that of the polyolefin sheet at all heating conditions. The thicknesses of mouthguards fabricated using the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets were not different for the three heating conditions in this study.

Conclusions

The thickness was greater for mouthguards fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate sheet than when polyolefin sheet was used. The thickness of the mouthguards was not different for the three heating temperatures for both the ethylene vinyl acetate and the polyolefin sheets.
Identification of endophytic fungi of grapevine with emphasis on the causal agents of grapevine trunk disease in the vineyards of Zanjan Province in Iran
Authors: Ghasemi Esfahlan Saeid , Hemmati Roghayeh , Mohebbi Shohreh , Batley Jacqueline , Arzanlou Mahdi
Published: December 2022

Trunk disease is a major problem on grapevine in Zanjan province, causing serious decline, despite which its aetiology remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors involved in grapevine decline in vineyards of Zanjan province. Samples were collected from twigs and branches of grapevines in the region between October and November 2018. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and ITS‐rDNA sequence data for selected isolates. The frequency and diversity of the fungal community recovered from grapevines in Darreh Sejin in Zanjan province were higher than in other regions. A total of 112 fungal isolates comprising 22 species were recovered. Phaeoacremonium minimum, Microsphaeropsis olivacea and Kalmusia variispora were identified as the dominant species in the region examined and could be considered the main trunk pathogens of grapevines in Zanjan region. In inoculation tests, M. olivacea was proved to be pathogenic on grapevine for the first time in this study.
Modern technologies and integrated observing systems are “instrumental” to fisheries oceanography: A brief history of ocean data collection
Authors: Schwing Franklin B.
Published: December 2022

Interdisciplinary data fuel fisheries oceanography research and the ecosystem‐based approaches to management and sustainable development it informs. Underlying this is a distributed ocean observing framework that is integrated, interoperable, interactive, and accessible. In recognition of the 30th anniversary of Fisheries Oceanography the journal, this paper reviews the evolution of observing instruments and platforms used in contemporary fisheries oceanography the science. Illustrated with personal anecdotes, past efforts to create or adopt observing technologies, and examples of their use in research, this highlights the spectrum of instruments, systems, and programs used to survey and monitor ocean ecosystems. Modern ocean observing systems are complex and varied, reflecting the range and diversity of data required by fisheries oceanographers. These systems require a large and ongoing investment and an interdisciplinary community of scientists, engineers, and technicians to design, build, install, operate, and maintain them. Common themes emerge from a review of past successful instrument R&D and deployments. It is a highly collaborative, integrative, and iterative process. Most systems are the result of vision, planning, and perseverance, backed by careful calibration and intercomparison. Long‐term support is essential; public–private partnerships that leverage funding, technology, and infrastructure are critical. Sustaining long time series for monitoring population and ecosystem change and to support fisheries oceanography research is a priority. Future areas of focus include continuously innovating and updating technologies, implementing a backbone of core observations, and maintaining a nimble infrastructure and R&D capacity to seize new opportunities and address emerging challenges.
An evaluation of crustacean and rotifer diversity and composition in a temporary pond metacommunity: Comparing results from field samples and a hatching experiment
Authors: Bisquert‐Ribes Maria , Martínez Alex , Castillo‐Escrivà Andreu , Gálvez Ángel , Iepure Sanda , de Manuel Berenice , Marinho Maria , Martins Fabio , Olmo Carla , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc , Armengol Xavier
Published: December 2022

Many aquatic invertebrates that inhabit temporary ponds produce resting forms to overcome the dry period, building up the egg bank. When the wet phase returns, the resting forms hatch and the community is restored, and then pioneer species may have a major influence on how the pond community will assemble. We aimed to evaluate the diversity of an initial pond metacommunity by comparing the early active metacommunity collected in the field and the egg bank metacommunity (by carrying out a hatching experiment) of 32 Mediterranean temporary ponds. We hypothesised that both metacommunities would be similar but also that species turnover may play an important role, and that γ diversity would be similar with both approaches.

After the identification and counting of rotifers and crustaceans in both metacommunities (i.e. the field vs. the experiment) we performed a Partial Triadic Analysis comparing the field metacommunity with those corresponding to each of the eight times the hatching experiment was checked for hatchlings. Furthermore, we compared the field and experimental metacommunities with a PROTEST analysis and identified the taxa responsible for differences between metacommunities with a SIMPER analysis. We assessed γ diversity using a size‐based rarefaction curve and an evenness profile and explored β diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) for the two metacommunities.

Our experimental results showed differences in the temporal pattern of emergence between groups of organisms, with copepods, rotifers, and anostracans appearing first, but ostracods and rotifers reaching the highest diversity at the end of the experiment. The active and experimental pioneer metacommunities were similar according to a Procrustes analysis. Nevertheless, β diversity was high in both metacommunities and the differences among ponds and between both assemblages were mostly explained by species turnover.

Both the active and experimental pond metacommunities showed some exclusive species that may be more difficult to uncover with only one type of approach. Furthermore, the high β diversity observed indicates that each temporary pond is an important contributor to γ diversity in the metacommunity.

These results show that hatching experiments provide information that is complementary to standard sampling of the active community, and consequently is a useful tool to uncover pond biodiversity.
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP‐SC) shapes gut microbiota richness, diversity and composition by modulating immunity in the house fly Musca domestica
Authors: Liang Yadi , Yang Lan , Wang Yongpeng , Tang Ting , Liu Fengsong , Zhang Feng
Published: December 2022

The gastrointestinal tract of all animals, including insects, is colonized by a remarkable array of microorganisms which are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. The hosts establish mutually beneficial interactions with the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms shaping these interactions remain to be better understood. Here, we investigated the roles of Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (MdPGRP‐SC), a secreted pattern recognition receptor, in shaping the gut microbial community structure by using biochemical and high‐throughput sequencing approaches. The recombinant MdPGRP‐SC (rMdPGRP‐SC) could strongly bind various pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide and D‐galactose, and exhibited mild affinity to β‐1, 3‐glucan and D‐mannose. Meanwhile, rMdPGRP‐SC could also bind different kinds of microorganisms, including gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Pichia pastoris). rMdPGRP‐SC also exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Knockdown of MdPGRP‐SC by RNAi reduced the persistence of ingested E. coli and a load of indigenous microbiota in the larval gut significantly. In addition, depleted MdPGRP‐SC also altered the gut microbiota composition and led to increased ratios of Gram‐negative bacteria. We hypothesize that MdPGRP‐SC is involved in maintaining gut homeostasis by modulating the immune intensity of the gut through multiple mechanisms, including degrading or neutralizing various PAMPs and selectively suppressing the growth of some bacteria. Considering the functional conservation of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family in insects, the catalytic PGRPs might be promising candidate targets not only for pest and vector control but also for the treatment of bacterial infection in insect farming.
Reciprocating instrumentation for endodontic treatment of primary molars: 24‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Marques Renata Pereira Samuel , Oliveira Natalia Matsuda , Barbosa Vanessa Ribeiro Pires , Bresolin Carmela Rampazzo , Mello‐Moura Anna Carolina Volpi , Lara Juan Sebastian , Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Mendes Fausto Medeiros
Published: December 2022

Background

Although reciprocating instrumentation has been extensively studied for permanent teeth, stronger evidence for its use in primary teeth is lacking.

Aim

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating (RECIP) and manual (MAN) instrumentation techniques after 24 months.

Design

Primary molars with indication of endodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups: MAN and RECIP. Treatments were performed, and root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste. Teeth were later restored with bulk‐fill composite resin and re‐evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the success of the endodontic treatment evaluated by Cox regression analysis adjusted by cluster and success rate after 24 months in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. Instrumentation time, discomfort, postoperative pain, and quality of root canal filling were also evaluated as secondary endpoints.

Results

A total of 151 primary win 107 children were included, and 137 were followed up for 24 months. Success rate of teeth allocated to the MAN group was 57.3% and 55.3% for RECIP (p = .792); MAN instrumentation, however, was more time‐consuming (p = .005).

Conclusion

The efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating and manual instrumentation is similar after 24 months.
Enhanced piezoelectric performance in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15‐based bismuth‐layered ceramics by Nb/Mn doping modification
Authors: Mo Wen , Luo Xin , Zhang Yangyang , Niu Huiyan , Fang Ziyan , Hu Liangwei , Liu Kun , Li Qifan , Chen Yong , Shen Meng
Published: December 2022

In this work, Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y bismuth‐layered ferroelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of Nb5+ content on crystal morphology, electrical properties, and piezoelectric performance were systematically investigated. The results show that the introduction of Nb5+ into Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics to replace Ti4+ increases the ratio of b/a lattice parameter, leading to the TiO6 octahedral distortion and the structural transformation tendency from the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase, which facilitates dipole movements of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics. Therefore, the ferroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics are improved, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 30 pC/N combining great temperature stability with d33 value higher than 25 pC/N in the temperature range of 25°C–450°C has been realized in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics with x = 0.08 mol. Our work provides a good model for designing lead‐free ultrahigh Curie temperature piezoelectric devices that can be practically applied in extremely harsh environments.
Synergistic cytotoxicity of perifosine and ABT‐737 to colon cancer cells
Authors: Adamová Barbora , Říhová Kamila , Pokludová Jana , Beneš Petr , Šmarda Jan , Navrátilová Jarmila
Published: December 2022

An acidic environment and hypoxia within the tumour are hallmarks of cancer that contribute to cell resistance to therapy. Deregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is common in colon cancer. Numerous Akt‐targeted therapies are being developed, the activity of Akt‐inhibitors is, however, strongly pH‐dependent. Combination therapy thus represents an opportunity to increase their efficacy. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the Akt inhibitor perifosine and the Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibitor ABT‐737 was tested in colon cancer HT‐29 and HCT‐116 cells cultured in monolayer or in the form of spheroids. The efficacy of single drugs and their combination was analysed in different tumour‐specific environments including acidosis and hypoxia using a series of viability assays. Changes in protein content and distribution were determined by immunoblotting and a “peeling analysis” of immunohistochemical signals. While the cytotoxicity of single agents was influenced by the tumour‐specific microenvironment, perifosine and ABT‐737 in combination synergistically induced apoptosis in cells cultured in both 2D and 3D independently on pH and oxygen level. Thus, the combined therapy of perifosine and ABT‐737 could be considered as a potential treatment strategy for colon cancer.
Age‐specific reference intervals for routine biochemical parameters in healthy neonates, infants, and young children in Iran
Authors: Abdollahian Niloufar , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mohammadi‐Bajgiran Maryam , Pashirzad Mehran , Yaghooti Khorasani Mahdiyeh , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Steele Shannon , Roudi Fatemeh , Kamel Khodabandeh Atieh , Ghazi Zadeh Sara , Alami‐Arani Iman , Badakhshan Seyede Negin , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Assaran‐Darban Reza , Adeli Khosrow , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: December 2022

Age and sex need to be considered in the establishment of reference intervals (RIs), especially in early life when there are dynamic physiological changes. Since data for important biomarkers in healthy neonates and infants are limited, particularly in Iranian populations, we have determined age‐specific RIs for 7 laboratory biochemical parameters. This cross‐sectional study comprised a total of 344 paediatric participants (males: 158, females: 186) between the ages of 3 days and 30 months (mean age: 12.91 ± 7.15 months). Serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured using an Alpha classic‐AT plus auto‐analyser. We determined age‐specific RIs using CLSI Ep28‐A3 and C28‐A3 guidelines. No sex partitioning was required for any of the biomarkers. Age partitioning was required for kidney function tests and phosphate. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine increased with age, while phosphate and uric acid decreased with age. Age partitioning was not required for serum calcium, vitamin D, and hs‐CRP, which remained relatively constant throughout the age range. Age‐specific RIs for 7 routine biochemical markers were determined to address critical gaps in RIs in early life to help improve clinical interpretation of blood test results in young children, including neonates. Established age partitions demonstrate the biochemical changes that take place during child growth and development. These novel data will ultimately better disease management in the Iranian paediatric population and can be of value to clinical and hospital laboratories with similar populations.
Wrist accelerometer temporal analysis as a prognostic tool for aged care residents: A sub‐study of the ReMInDAR trial
Authors: Andrade Andre Q. , Lim Renly , Kelly Thu‐Lan , Parfitt Gaynor , Pratt Nicole , Roughead Elizabeth E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Objective measures for screening, prioritizing, and planning care for frail individuals are essential for appropriate aged care provision. This study evaluates metrics derived from actigraphy measures (captured by wrist accelerometer) as a digital biomarker to identify frail individuals at risk of adverse outcomes, including death, hospitalization, and cognitive decline.

Methods

This was a secondary study using data from a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of an ongoing pharmacist service in residential aged care facilities. Three metrics are studied and compared: the Frailty Index, the daily time spent in light time activity, and the temporal correlation of the actigraphy signal, measured by detrended fluctuation analysis. The association between actigraphy‐derived metrics at baseline and adverse events within 12 months (death, cognitive decline, and hospitalizations) was assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Actigraphy records were available for 213 participants living in aged‐care, median age of 85 years. Individuals with higher temporal correlation (activity is less random) were at lower risk of death (Standardized OR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.34, 0.7, p < 0.001) and hospitalization (Standardized OR: 0.57; 95% CI 0.42, 0.77, p < 0.001) in 12 months, but there was no difference in cognitive decline (Standardized OR: 1; 95% CI 0.74, 1.35, p = 0.98). The predictive model that included temporal correlation had an area under the curve of 0.70 (CI 0.60–0.80) for death and 0.64 (CI 0.54–0.72) for hospitalization.

Conclusion

Temporal correlation of the actigraphy signal from aged care residents was strongly associated with death and hospitalization, but not cognitive decline. Digital biomarkers may have a place as an objective, accurate, and low‐cost patient metric to support risk stratification and clinical planning.
Clin‐STAR corner: Practice changing advances in cardiology
Authors: Husaini Mustafa , Rich Michael W.
Published: December 2022

Although cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and major disability in older adults, older patients have been consistently under‐represented in most cardiovascular clinical trials. This article summarizes the results of four trials published from 2020 to 2022 with practice‐changing implications directly applicable to the care of older adults. The key findings from these trials were that: (1) an initial conservative approach to managing selected patients with stable ischemic heart disease is reasonable, even in the setting of moderate or severe ischemia; (2) empagliflozin is effective in reducing heart failure hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, with or without diabetes; (3) an individually tailored physical rehabilitation program reduces deconditioning and functional decline in older patients hospitalized with heart failure; and (4) restricting dietary sodium intake to less than 1500 mg/day is unlikely to improve outcomes in most patients with heart failure.
Integrated mental health treatment guidelines for prescribers in intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Caoili Andrea , Hecker Melanie , Klick Susan , McLaren Jennifer , Beasley Joan , Barnhill Jarrett
Published: December 2022

Few healthcare providers receive guidance on the unique needs of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities and mental healthcare needs. Our aim was to develop a tool for health care providers to use as a guide to address the complex needs of this patient population. The development of the Integrated Mental Health Treatment Guidelines for Prescribers in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities consisted of five steps: focus groups, draft of the guidelines, evaluation of the guidelines, finalization, and dissemination of the guidelines. The focus groups revealed themes in five domains: (1) relationships, communication, and openness; (2) understanding the person, their environment, and culture; (3) importance of an integrated care and wellness approach; (4) consideration of treatment modifications; (5) recommendations from focus group participants regarding the guidelines. These focus groups informed the development of the guidelines. Forty‐three prescribers evaluated the guidelines noting multiple strengths and some recommendations. Based on this feedback the guidelines were modified as needed, finalized, and disseminated. This paper describes the development of the Integrated Mental Health Treatment Guidelines for Prescribers in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. An evidence‐informed, easy‐to‐use, web‐based guide with links to best practice resources. These guidelines incorporate integrated health, other mental health approaches, and the input of patients.
Golovinomyces cichoracearum effector‐associated nuclear localization of RPW8.2 amplifies its expression to boost immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Jing‐Hao , Huang Yan‐Yan , Wang He , Yang Xue‐Mei , Li Yan , Pu Mei , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Li Guo‐Bang , Hassan Beenish , Hu Xiao‐Hong , Chen Xuewei , Xiao Shunyuan , Wu Xian‐Jun , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming
Published: December 2022

Arabidopsis RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is specifically induced by the powdery mildew (PM) fungus (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) in the infected epidermal cells to activate immunity. However, the mechanism of RPW8.2‐induction is not well understood.

Here, we identify a G. cichoracearum effector that interacts with RPW8.2, named Gc‐RPW8.2 interacting protein 1 (GcR8IP1), by a yeast two‐hybrid screen of an Arabidopsis cDNA library.

GcR8IP1 is physically associated with RPW8.2 with its REALLY INTERESTING NEW GENE finger domain that is essential and sufficient for the association. GcR8IP1 was secreted and translocated into the nucleus of host cell infected with PM. Association of GcR8IP1 with RPW8.2 led to an increase in RPW8.2 in the nucleus. In turn, the nucleus‐localized RPW8.2 promoted the activity of the RPW8.2 promoter, resulting in transcriptional self‐amplification of RPW8.2 to boost immunity at infection sites. Additionally, ectopic expression or host‐induced gene silencing of GcR8IP1 supported its role as a virulence factor in PM.

Altogether, our results reveal a mechanism of RPW8.2‐dependent defense strengthening via altered partitioning of RPW8.2 and transcriptional self‐amplification triggered by a PM fungal effector, which exemplifies an atypical form of effector‐triggered immunity.
A Novel and Open Classification Emphasizing on Osteoligamentous Complex for Distal Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Han Zhihua , Dong Jingming , Wu Jianhong , Bi Chun , Wang Qiugeng , Lin Haodong , Zhang Lei , Wu Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

Objective

Current X‐ray‐based classification methods cannot describe all distal clavicle fracture (DCF) patterns, especially the osteoligamentous injury pattern of DCFs. We aimed to develop a novel classification based on the osteoligamentous injury pattern of the DCFs and investigated its reliability.

Methods

All DCFs from January 2017 to January 2022 were respectively screened and 45 cases (mean age 20–78; male 31, female 14) met the including criteria and were enrolled. Based on their Zanca view X‐ray radiograph and three‐dimensional CT construction images, we analyzed the osteoligamentous injury pattern of each case, particularly the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular ligaments and their bone attachment. Then we developed a novel classification method, five types in total, sorting all DCFs according to their lesion manifestations of osteoligamentous complex. Also, we investigated the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability using kappa value.

Results

A novel classification method for DCF was developed, manifesting the avulsion or rupture of conoid and trapezoid ligaments, and involvement of AC joint. Forty‐five cases of DCFs were included in this study. Among them, 11 (24.4%) were Type 1 fracture, three (6.7%) cases were Type 2, six cases (13.3%) were Type 3, 21 (46.7%) were Type 4, four (8.9%) were Type 5. Kappa values for inter‐observer agreement were 0.57 after first evaluation and 0.61 after second evaluation. Intra‐observer agreement was 0.72 for experienced shoulder specialist and 0.63 for radiologist.

Conclusion

This new classification method is reliable to use, supplementary to current classification systems, and emphasizes on the osteoligamentous complex injury when opting for the treatment.
Translating and validating the Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey in Japan
Authors: Inata Yu , Nakagami‐Yamaguchi Etsuko
Published: December 2022

Background

The Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey (Child HCAHPS) assesses the experiences of pediatric patients and their parents or guardians with inpatient care. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Child HCAHPS and to examine its validity and reliability.

Methods

A Japanese version draft of the Child HCAHPS was produced in a conceptually equivalent and culturally appropriate manner. Using the draft Japanese version, the survey was administered using a push‐to‐web method to eligible parents/guardians of children (aged 0–17 years) discharged from a tertiary children's hospital in Osaka, Japan in December 2021 through March 2022. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were tested.

Results

Of 1300 eligible candidates to whom survey invitations were mailed, 460 returned complete surveys (response rate 35%). The validity of a composite “Involving teens in their care” remained unproven. However, with the remaining composites, confirmatory factor analysis indicated fair goodness of fit of the same factor structure as that of the original Child HCAHPS (the comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.90, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.052). The Cronbach coefficient was close to or above 0.7 for most of the items, indicating good reliability.

Conclusions

The Japanese Child HCAHPS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for assessing patient and family experiences in a Japanese tertiary children's hospital. However, several items and composites with suboptimal properties warrant further validation in future multicenter surveys.
Cardiovascular stress reactivity, habituation, and adiposity
Authors: Moore Melody M. , Tyra Alexandra T. , Young Danielle A. , Ginty Annie T.
Published: December 2022

The relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality is complex. One pathway through which adiposity may influence future health outcomes is by altering how biological systems respond to stress. The current study aimed to examine the association between two metrics of adiposity (body mass index and waist‐hip ratio) and two indices of cardiovascular stress responses (reactivity and habituation). A sample of 455 participants (Mean age = 19.47, SD = 1.25 years; BMI = 24.32, SD = 5.04 kg/m2; 62% female; 17.9% Hispanic/Latino; 65.2% White, 18.7% Asian, 7.9% Black, 0.2% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 7% other) completed two acute psychosocial stress tasks. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded throughout each stressor. In unadjusted and adjusted models, there were no statistically significant associations between adiposity and HR, SBP, or DBP stress reactivity or habituation. The current data do not support the hypothesis that adiposity influences health by altering cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. Results are at odds with prior population‐level studies and the single prior study examining adiposity and habituation. At the same time, results are in line with mounting evidence that adiposity itself does not drive poor cardiovascular outcomes seen in people classified as overweight or obese.
Face emotional expressions influence interhemispheric inhibition
Authors: Loi Nicola , Ginatempo Francesca , Carta Miriam , Melis Francesco , Manca Andrea , Deriu Franca
Published: December 2022

The processing of face expressions is a key ability to perform social interactions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the excitability of the hand primary motor cortex (M1) increases following the view of negative faces expressions. Interhemispheric interactions and sensory‐motor integration are cortical processes involving M1, which are known to be modulated by emotional and social behaviors. Whether these processes may mediate the effects of face emotional expressions on M1 excitability is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the passive viewing of face emotional expressions on M1 interhemispheric connections and sensory‐motor integration using standardized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols. Nineteen healthy subjects participated in the study. Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and short‐afferent inhibition (SAI) were probed in the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle 300 ms after the randomized presentation of seven different face expressions (neutral, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise and happiness). Results showed a significantly reduced IHI following the passive viewing of fearful faces compared to neutral (p = .001) and happy (p = .035) faces and following the view of sad faces compared to neutral faces (p = .008). No effect of emotional faces was detected on SAI. Data suggest that sensory‐motor integration process does not mediate the increased excitability of M1 induced by the view of negative face expressions. By contrast, it may be underpinned by a depression of IHI, which from a functional point of view may promote symmetrical avoiding movements of the hands in response to aversive stimuli.
Linearizable Abel equations and the Gurevich–Pitaevskii problem
Authors: Opanasenko Stanislav , Ferapontov Evgeny V.
Published: December 2022

Applying symmetry reduction to a class of ‐invariant third‐order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we obtain Abel equations whose general solution can be parameterized by hypergeometric functions. Particular case of this construction provides a general parametric solution to the Kudashev equation, an ODE arising in the Gurevich–Pitaevskii problem, thus giving the first term of a large‐time asymptotic expansion of its solution in the oscillatory (Whitham) zone.
Radiometric mapping of the Berg River estuary
Authors: Henrico Ivan , Henrico Susan , le Roux Rikus , Bezuidenhout Jacques
Published: December 2022

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) consists of various tools to perform spatial analyses in a wide variety of disciplines, including radiometric analysis to characterize the distribution of natural radionuclide concentrations. Recently, open‐source GIS has become popular among geospatial users because it can be freely used, and powerful tools are constantly developed to enhance software capabilities. Gamma‐ray spectroscopy was used to measure the concentrations of these natural radionuclides by dragging a Delta Underwater Gamma System (DUGS) among the sediment in the Berg River estuary located in Velddrif, South Africa. In this study, QGIS was used to visually illustrate and interpret the distribution of natural radionuclides, that is, potassium (K40), thorium (Th232), and uranium (U238). These concentrations can be used to investigate various geographical and geological phenomena, which include sediment processes. The data were then interpreted to derive sediment characteristics. Various features of tidal estuaries were demonstrated by the results.
Downregulation of HbFPS1 affects rubber biosynthesis of Hevea brasiliensis suffering from tapping panel dryness
Authors: Nie Zhiyi , Kang Guijuan , Yan Dong , Qin Huaide , Yang Lifu , Zeng Rizhong
Published: December 2022

Tapping panel dryness (TPD) is a century‐old problem that has plagued the natural rubber production of Hevea brasiliensis. TPD may result from self‐protective mechanisms of H. brasiliensis in response to stresses such as excessive hormone stimulation and mechanical wounding (bark tapping). It has been hypothesized that TPD impairs rubber biosynthesis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we firstly verified that TPD‐affected rubber trees exhibited lower rubber biosynthesis activity and greater rubber molecular weight compared to healthy rubber trees. We then demonstrated that HbFPS1, a key gene of rubber biosynthesis, and its expression products were downregulated in the latex of TPD‐affected rubber trees, as revealed by transcriptome sequencing and iTRAQ‐based proteome analysis. We further discovered that the farnesyl diphosphate synthase HbFPS1 could be recruited to small rubber particles by HbSRPP1 through protein–protein interactions to catalyze farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthesis and facilitate rubber biosynthesis initiation. FPP content in the latex of TPD‐affected rubber trees was significantly decreased with the downregulation of HbFPS1, ultimately resulting in abnormal development of rubber particles, decreased rubber biosynthesis activity, and increased rubber molecular weight. Upstream regulator assays indicated that a novel regulator, MYB2‐like, may be an important regulator of downregulation of HbFPS1 in the latex of TPD‐affected rubber trees. Our findings not only provide new directions for studying the molecular events involved in rubber biosynthesis and TPD syndrome and contribute to rubber management strategies, but also broaden our knowledge of plant isoprenoid metabolism and its regulatory networks.
Experimental models of bone marrow lesions in ovine femoral condyles
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Selberg Kurt T. , Puttlitz Christian M. , Nakamura Lucas K. , Johnson Jimmy W. , Kawcak Christopher E.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To develop an in vivo experimental model for bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in ovine femorotibial joints.

Study design

Randomized, prospective experimental study.

Animals

Eighteen healthy, skeletally‐mature Dorper cross ewes.

Methods

One medial femoral condyle was penetrated with a 1.1 mm pin, and the contralateral medial femoral condyle was treated with transcutaneous extracorporeal shockwave (ESW) at 0.39 ± 0.04 mJ/mm2. Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and histopathological analyses were used to detect and characterize the development and progression of BMLs in the medial femoral condyle at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post‐surgery.

Results

Pin penetration induced a BML detected on MRI within 2 weeks and lasted at least 12 weeks. BMLs were not observed in ESW‐treated condyles. Histologically, BMLs were characterized by hemorrhage and inflammatory cellular infiltrate, and progressed to more dense fibrous tissue over time. Pathological changes were not observed in the articular cartilage overlying the region of BMLs.

Conclusions

Direct, focal trauma to all layers of the osteochondral unit was sufficient to create an experimentally‐induced BML which persisted for at least 90 days. The protocol used for ESW in this study did not induce BMLs.

Clinical significance

Experimental induction of BMLs is possible and mimicked naturally occurring disease states. Volumetric imaging is a sensitive method for characterization of the dynamic nature of these lesions.
Incorporation of Transgenic Microalgae Harbouring Vaccines into Feed to Improve the Efficacy of Oral Vaccination: A Review
Authors: Noorhisham Nor Izzati Husna , Balia Yusof Zetty Norhana
Published: December 2022

The aquaculture industry has been rapidly progressive and is contributing to economic growth in many countries worldwide. However, one of the factors that is affecting the aquaculture industry are diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The utilization of antibiotics has been one of the measures taken in controlling fish diseases. However, continuous treatment with antibiotics for a long period of time will lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens which can cause harm to the well-being of humans, animals, and the environment as well. An alternative method in combating fish diseases is through vaccination. Vaccination for fish is commonly done by injection and is known to be very effective in protecting fishes from various ailments. However, this method is labour intensive, costly, stressful to the fish and not suitable for juvenile fish. Therefore, other methods are necessary to be performed for vaccinating the fish. This review aims to demonstrate effective methods of delivering vaccine to the fish using transgenic microalgae, specifically via oral vaccination. This review article summarizes the challenges faced in the aquaculture industry which could be mitigated via improved vaccination procedures. In addition to that, the potentials of incorporating transgenic microalgae whole cells into fish feed formulation as an alternative method of disease control is also outlined.
The Corrosion of Stressed Alloy-Steel Bars by High-Temperature Steam
Authors: Solberg H. L. , Potter A. A. , Hawkins G. A. , Agnew J. T.
Published: December 2022

An investigation was undertaken at Purdue University of the corrosion by steam of various stressed samples of steels which are available for high-temperature service. Apparatus was constructed and techniques developed for measuring the amount of corrosion on stressed specimens. Data are presented in this paper, showing the effect of stress upon the corrosion of Carbon-Moly, 1.25 Cr-Moly, 2 Cr-Moly, 7 Cr-Moly, 9 Cr-Moly, and 18-8 stainless-steel samples. Within the range of the test conditions stress does not influence the penetration or corrosion due to high-temperature steam. No intergranular attack took place except for a small amount in the case of Carbon-Moly steel during a 2000-hr test. Chromium content increases the resistance of steels to corrosion by high-temperature steam.
Modern Applications of Overfire Air
Authors: Carroll H. C.
Published: December 2022

Overfire air supplied by steam jets has in the past proved to be an economical and effective means for improving combustion in furnaces. More recently high-pressure air jets supplied by power-driven fans have been employed with great success. After stating the requirements, this paper deals with typical applications of overfire air to furnaces equipped with various types of stokers. The use of the portable ultimate-gas-analysis machine in studying combustion conditions in furnaces and in making heat-balance tests is also described.
Elastic Properties of Curved Tubes
Authors: Vigness Irwin
Published: December 2022

A theory of flexibility of pipe bends perpendicular to the plane of the bend has been established. Experimental results are given in this paper verifying the derived bending equations. Results show the pipes to be more flexible than expected from the application of the “rod” theory. A flexibility factor is obtained which is identical with that found for the bending of pipe in the plane of its bend. The increased flexibility is caused by a distortion of the cross section of the pipe. There is no change in the torsional rigidity of the curved tube as compared with the rod theory. Transverse stresses similar to those caused by bending in the plane of the bend are set up in the pipe wall. Longitudinal stresses are concentrated at their point of maximum value and are of greater magnitude than expected from ordinary theory. The theory of bending of two-dimensional pipe systems in the plane of their bends is given additional experimental verification.
Antifriction-Bearing Developments for Aviation Engines
Authors: Barish Thomas
Published: December 2022

Rapid advances in aircraft-engine design for higher powers have required corresponding improvements in antifriction bearings. From an intimate knowledge of the requirements the author presents a comprehensive outline of the progress made in bearing developments with particular reference to current practice. The discussion includes details of bearings for the following services: crankshaft, propeller thrust, rocker arm, supercharger, and controllable propeller.
Stress Analysis of Passenger-Car Trucks
Authors: Travilia J. C. , Burdick W. E.
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses the Reuleaux loadings as applied to railroad passenger-car trucks, together with the effect of modern high-speed brakes. The importance of laboratory verification of stresses is emphasized and test methods described.
Results of Tests on Volumeters for Liquid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Pigott R. J. S. , Ambrosius E. E. , Jacobson E. W.
Published: December 2022

This paper gives the results of the continuation of a test program begun in May, 1939, by the A.S.M.E. Special Research Committee on Fluid Meters, to determine the characteristics of displacement-type mechanical meters for measuring liquid hydrocarbons. Subsequently a Special Subcommittee to guide the volumeter research work was appointed and later expanded to include members from the Petroleum Institute and the meter-manufacturing companies. Meter-calibration test work, which is the first phase of the volumeter research program now under way, has been virtually completed. The essentials of the preliminary study of test results are contained in this paper. Later complete supporting data for the results will be given. The test work conducted shows that displacement meters are subject to viscosity and temperature effects, and if close measurement is to be obtained, suitable calibration equipment must be provided to test each meter at the viscosity, near the temperature, and throughout the flow range at which it is to be operated.
Tests of Steam-Pipe Insulation
Authors: Allcut E. A.
Published: December 2022

In connection with various war projects some questions arose which made it necessary to design an apparatus suitable for testing the heat transmission through cylindrical samples of various kinds of thermal insulating material used for protecting hot pipes. With this apparatus the properties of spun rock wool (which is used as an alternative to magnesia) were investigated with regard to the effects of density, binder, and thickness. Other experiments were made on glass wool and corrugated asbestos. The influence of wind and the protection of the outer surface of the insulation by metallic coverings were investigated, as also was the protection of fabric coverings by paints of various kinds and colors. It was found that even bright metals such as copper and aluminum made but slight difference in the heat losses, and that most paints increased the losses as compared with those from the unpainted fabric. The details are given in the seven tables and seventeen curves accompanying this paper.
Process Lags in Automatic-Control Circuits
Authors: Ziegler J. G. , Nichols N. B.
Published: December 2022

Methods are given for quantitative determination of time lags in automatically controlled processes. The area under recovery curves is taken as a direct measure of process difficulty, and this area is shown to vary as the second power of the time lag. A “recovery-factor” term, part of a complete expression for controllability, is introduced which makes possible a classification of processes in dimensions of the process itself, regardless of controller or valve mechanism used. Values of this recovery factor from various industrial applications are given in tabular form. Several processes are examined for the time lag, and means of reducing this unfavorable characteristic are demonstrated. It is felt that this paper will be useful to engineers who are interested in improving the controllability of the processes which they design.
Mechanical Tests of Cellulose Acetate—III
Authors: Findley W. N.
Published: December 2022

Data are presented from additional mechanical tests of specimens taken from the same sheet of cellulose acetate for which tests have been reported in two previous papers by the author. The tests were conducted in a laboratory maintained at a constant temperature of 77 F and a relative humidity of 50 per cent: (1) Repeated bending (fatigue) tests were made at different speeds of testing and different ranges of stress, which demonstrate that both of these variables are important. The effect of different shapes of fatigue specimens (circular, square, and rectangular cross sections) on the endurance limit is also discussed. (2) Static compression tests of preconditioned specimens tested at intervals of time up to 10 months show the effect of initial moisture content and time on the yield point and the weight. (3) Static torsion, tension, and compression tests, conducted at the same rate of strain, indicate the effect of rate of strain and type of loading on the strength properties of the material. (4) Static tension tests of a specimen containing a transverse hole show the effect of a stress concentration on the tensile strength.