bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema asiaticum against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) under screen house and field conditions
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Pandey Shalini , Singh Ram
Published: August 2022

Background

The experiments were conducted at Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Infectivity and effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema asiaticum infective juveniles (IJs) were evaluated against the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) as foliar spray on cabbage plants in screen house with single (30,000 IJs per plant), two (15,000 + 15,000 IJs per plant) or three (10,000 + 10,000 + 10,000 IJs per plant) applications. In the field trial, S. asiaticum (25,000 or 50,000 IJs per plant) and Malathion 50 EC (0.05%) singly or in combination at half the concentrations were used.

Results

In screen house trial, all the treatments resulted in significantly high larval mortality than untreated plants. Split concentration application (15,000 + 15,000 IJs per plant) gave better DBM larval mortality (48.33%) compared to single application (36.00% at 30,000 IJs per plant). Comparing the two and three split applications, 15,000 IJs was significantly better (23.33% mortality) than 10,000 IJs (13.33%). In the field trial, S. asiaticum alone at 50,000 IJs resulted in 28.8% insect mortality compared to 18.0% in Malathion at 0.05%. Best results (37.5% mortality) were obtained by using nematode IJs at 25,000 per plant in combination with half the recommended concentration of Malathion (0.025%) leading to synergistic effect.

Conclusions

The study revealed that split application (15,000 + 15,000 IJs) of EPN S. asiaticum IJs proved better than single application of IJs at the same concentration (30,000 IJs) in the management of P. xylostella larvae in the screen house conditions. In the field experiment, the best effectiveness was obtained in combination of half the concentrations of EPN and insecticide (S. asiaticum IJs @ 25,000 per plant + Malathion @ 0.025%).
Dynamic changes of atrioventricular conduction during Covid-19 infection: Does inflammation matter?
Authors: Aryanti Risca Rini , Hermanto Dony Yugo , Yuniadi Yoga
Published: August 2022

Background

The primary manifestation of COVID-19 infection was pulmonary involvement. However, it can also manifest as a cardiovascular problem.

Methods

We report a case of 82-year-old male COVID-19 patient who experienced atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbance.

Results

The rhythm was degenerated from sinus rhythm to complete AV block. We observe dynamic AV node dysfunction associated with inflammatory response. His bundle pacing successfully captured distal His region.

Conclusion

The severe inflammatory response during COVID-19 infection might permanently damage cardiac conduction system resulted in a complete AV node block.
Longitudinal fecal microbiome and metabolite data demonstrate rapid shifts and subsequent stabilization after an abrupt dietary change in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Lin Ching-Yen , Jha Aashish R. , Oba Patrícia M. , Yotis Sofia M. , Shmalberg Justin , Honaker Ryan W. , Swanson Kelly S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Diet has a large influence on gut microbiota diversity and function. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome, longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome, microbial functions, and metabolite profiles post dietary interventions have been underexplored. How long these outcomes require to reach a steady-state, how they relate to one another, and their impact on host physiological changes are largely unknown. To address these unknowns, we collected longitudinal fecal samples following an abrupt dietary change in healthy adult beagles (n = 12, age: 5.16 ± 0.87 year, BW: 13.37 ± 0.68 kg) using a crossover design. All dogs were fed a kibble diet (control) from d1-14, and then fed that same diet supplemented with fiber (HFD) or a protein-rich canned diet (CD) from d15-27. Fresh fecal samples were collected on d13, 16, 20, 24, and 27 for metabolite and microbiome assessment. Fecal microbial diversity and composition, metabolite profiles, and microbial functions dramatically diverged and stabilized within a few days (2 d for metabolites; 6 d for microbiota) after dietary interventions. Fecal acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acids increased after change to HFD, while fecal isobutyrate, isovalerate, total branched-chain fatty acids, phenol, and indole increased after dogs consumed CD. Relative abundance of ~ 100 bacterial species mainly belonging to the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla increased in HFD. These shifts in gut microbiome diversity and composition were accompanied by functional changes. Transition to HFD led to increases in the relative abundance of KEGG orthology (KO) terms related to starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, while transition to CD resulted in increased relative abundance of KO terms pertaining to inositol phosphate metabolism and sulfur metabolism. Significant associations among fecal microbial taxa, KO terms, and metabolites were observed, allowing for high-accuracy prediction of diet group by random forest analysis.

Conclusions

Longitudinal sampling and a multi-modal approach to characterizing the gastrointestinal environment allowed us to demonstrate how drastically and quickly dietary changes impact the fecal microbiome and metabolite profiles of dogs following an abrupt dietary change and identify key microbe-metabolite relationships that allowed for treatment prediction.
Hymen-saving hymenotomy of imperforate hymen in neonates and adolescents: tertiary medical center experience
Authors: Aljahdali Ettedal A. , Kurdi Mazen O.
Published: August 2022

Background

Imperforate hymen (IH) is the most common obstructive anomaly of female genital tract. Hymen saving has a great importance for both cultural and religious reasons. Conventional surgical treatment for this condition is cruciate incision hymenotomy or hymen-saving central annular hymenotomy (HSCAH). This study aimed to review presentations and management of neonate and adolescents with IH at one tertiary hospital over 12 year’s period. The aim also was to stress upon importance of hymen saving to our Muslim community and improve knowledge, enable targeted education, and reduce unnecessary tests and diagnostic delay for this condition.

Methods

Twenty-five patients with IH were diagnosed and treated in this retrospective cohort study over 12 years, from January 2010 till December 2021. Demographic characteristics of the patients, their symptoms and signs, investigations, type of operations, recurrence, and infections were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Saudi accounted for the majority of IH cases (88%). There were fifteen adolescents, and ten were neonates. Bulging imperforate hymen, pelvic/abdominopelvic mass, constipation, acute urine retention, abdominal discomfort, and lower abdominal distension were among the signs and symptoms. All 25 patients had HSCAH, 21 of whom had primary HSCAH and four of whom had secondary HSCAH due to recurrence. To avoid recurrence, HSCAH was performed with suturing of the inner vaginal mucosa to the exterior vestibular mucosa.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis of imperforate hymen for neonate and adolescent girls and prompt definitive HSCAH could have positive impact on treatment outcome and decrease complications and fulfill integrity of hymen as virginity of high importance in our Muslim community and other similar culture, where hymen-sparing procedure is preferred by most of these patients and families.
Introduction to this special section: Hydrogeophysics
Authors: Day-Lewis Frederick D. , Bathija Arpita P.
Published: August 2022

Hydrogeophysics is a crossdisciplinary field integrating hydrogeology with geophysics for more efficient, cost-effective, and minimally invasive characterization and monitoring. Hydrogeophysics aims to provide basic insight to guide understanding of hydrologic processes and applied insight to support the assessment and (or) management of water resources and ecosystem services across multiple scales, as reviewed by Binley et al. (2015) . As in geophysical investigations for mineral and fossil energy resources, geophysical applications to hydrologic problems seek to characterize subsurface structure and (or) monitor time-varying conditions (i.e., saturation or concentration); this information provides constraints or calibration data for both conceptual and simulation models of flow and transport. Recent interests and technological advances have expanded the use of geophysics dramatically in many areas of hydrology, including groundwater remediation monitoring (e.g., Kessouri et al., 2022 ), groundwater/surface-water exchange (e.g., McLachlan et al., 2017 ), cold regions hydrology (e.g., Briggs et al., 2017 ), coastal hydrology (e.g., Goebel et al., 2017 ), and many others.
Synthetic modeling and field GPR survey to understand the near-surface deformation induced by coseismic groundwater dynamics following the 2019 Mirpur earthquake in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Younis , Hwang Jongha , Min Dong-Joo , Turab Syed Ali , Jan Irfan Ullah
Published: August 2022

The Mirpur earthquake of Mw 5.8 on 24 September 2019 severely damaged villages in the epicentral area. The earthquake-triggered ground dynamics produced widespread liquefaction features on the surface (e.g., fractured road structure and sand boils) and in the shallow subsurface (e.g., elevated groundwater table, fractures, and sand dikes). Due to complexity of liquefaction-induced deformation and timing of field surveys, the structural and hydrogeologic features that develop in the near surface during seismic events are often poorly resolved on ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) profiles. To track and delineate the internal architecture and coseismic changes in groundwater levels and/or pressures due to liquefaction, a GPR survey was carried out soon after the Mirpur earthquake. The sudden pore water pressure changes in the shallow aquifer system caused a rise in the water table via upward groundwater movement and fracturing followed by rapid infiltration. This cascade phenomenon has adverse effects on soil, water resources, civil infrastructure, and public health and safety. To better understand induced changes in the physical properties of road infrastructure and the shallow subsurface, we performed synthetic modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. Based on the available information at multiple scales (borehole and geophysical), subsurface physical models representing the most common and important coseismic features were considered for synthetic modeling. Likewise, synthetic tests of paved road were conducted to simulate the radar response of structural discontinuities (fractures) developed at different angles. To validate synthetic results by identifying a similar dynamic response of the induced hydrogeologic changes in the form of coseismic liquefaction features, a field GPR survey was conducted. Our results clearly demonstrate that the GPR technique is a potential candidate for hydrogeophysical detection and characterization of features of interest in the case of paved roads as well as agricultural and residential areas. Additionally, the successful application of GPR proves it to be a cost-effective, high-resolution, and speedy tool for better assessment of hydrogeologic hazard, socioeconomic consequences, and mitigation in the Mirpur area. The proposed approach may find applications in other seismically active regions around the world.
Non-Arrhenius barrier crossing dynamics of non-equilibrium non-Markovian systems
Authors: Lavacchi Laura , Daldrop J. O. , Netz Roland R.
Published: August 2022

The non-equilibrium non-Markovian barrier crossing dynamics of a one-dimensional massive coordinate, described by the non-equilibrium version of the generalized Langevin equation with unequal random and friction relaxation times, is studied by simulations and analytical methods. Within a harmonic approximation, a general formula for the barrier crossing time is derived which agrees favorably with simulations. Non-equilibrium random forces with a relaxation time longer than the friction relaxation time induce non-Arrhenius behavior and dramatically increase the barrier crossing time; within the harmonic theory this corresponds to a reduced effective temperature which also modifies the spatial and velocity distributions.
Roles of phosphatidylserine and phospholipase C in the activation of TOR complex 2 signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nomura Wataru , Ng Su-Ping , Takahara Terunao , Maeda Tatsuya , Kawada Teruo , Goto Tsuyoshi , Inoue Yoshiharu
Published: August 2022

Target of rapamycin (TOR) forms two distinct complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, to exert its essential functions in cellular growth and homeostasis. TORC1 signaling is regulated in response to nutrients such as amino acids and glucose; however, the mechanisms underlying the activation of TORC2 signaling are still poorly understood compared to those for TORC1 signaling. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC2 targets the protein kinases Ypk1 and Ypk2 (hereafter Ypk1/2), and Pkc1 for phosphorylation. Plasma membrane stress is known to activate TORC2–Ypk1/2 signaling. We have previously reported that methylglyoxal (MG), a metabolite derived from glycolysis, activates TORC2–Pkc1 signaling. In this study, we found that MG activates the TORC2–Ypk1/2 and TORC2–Pkc1 signaling, and that phosphatidylserine is involved in the activation of both signaling pathways. We also demonstrated that the Rho family GTPase Cdc42 contributes to the plasma membrane stress-induced activation of TORC2–Ypk1/2 signaling. Furthermore, we revealed that phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, Plc1, contributes to the activation of both TORC2–Ypk1/2 and TORC2–Pkc1 signaling.
Designing Socio-Technical Systems Using the System Paradigm in the Context of Nano-, Bio-, Information Technology and Cognitive Science Convergence
Authors: Sydorova Elena , Pahomova Antonina , Halász Sandor
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for designing socio-technical systems using the system paradigm in the context of nano-, bio-, information technology and cognitive science convergence.
Methodology/Approach: The systemic paradigm is used. The optimization is carried out according to the integral indicator of resource consumption and system energy efficiency. Fractal socio-technical systems are created that provide the maximum correlation between the needs of individuals and the activities of society, taking into account the dynamics of the formation of needs for the purpose of self-development with restrictions on safety factors and material resources.
Findings: The proposed methodology makes it possible to develop socio-technical systems with a high level of security, ensuring sustainable spiral self-development and integration of scientific knowledge on the basis of adaptive, innovative, intuitive and analytical elements of the system.
Research Limitation/Implication: A general concept for designing socio-technical systems using the system paradigm in the context of nano-, bio-, information technology and cognitive science convergence is presented that requires further research.
Originality/Value of paper: A methodology for designing socio-technical systems using the system paradigm in the context of nano-, bio-, information technology and cognitive science convergence was first proposed.
Analysis and Possibilities of Innovation of the Business Model Called Central Regulation Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Gimerská Vladimíra , Šoltés Michal
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This paper clearly describes the possibilities of digitising a purchasing group’s processes using blockchain technology. The main focus lies on its core business, financial service called central regulation and other services.
Methodology/Approach: After reviewing the literature, the most prominent blockchain projects in recent years in large companies were depicted to identify successful adoptions. The processes of purchasing group were described with the extension of innovative blockchain technology. A summary of potential advantages is presented in a table.
Findings: The conclusions could potentially be of a benefit to the management of purchasing groups as evidence suggests an increase in transparency in the whole process of the supply chain and, at the same time, bring effectiveness in payment processing. Combining permissioned and permissionless blockchain could be a viable solution for a purchasing group which uses a central payment system.
Research Limitation/Implication: The main limitation is the impossibility of testing the usage of blockchain technology in real-life conditions on a full scale. However, a sample of processes could be modelled further to test and develop the improvements and measure various parameters.
Originality/Value of paper: This approach is the first of its kind as there is no literature or publication on the usage of blockchain technology in the central regulation system. This paper can help with the decision-making process at the management level.
The Moderating Role of IT Development on the Relationship between Internal Control and the Quality Performance of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Sofyani Hafiez , Abu Hasan Haslida , Saleh Zakiah
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study examines the extent to which IT development for internal control purposes has been implemented. Also, it investigates the moderating effect of IT development on the relationship between internal control implementation and Higher Education Institution (HEI) quality performance.
Methodology/Approach: This research employed a survey method by distributing questionnaires to HEIs in all 34 provinces of Indonesia. As a result, 191 HEIs participated in this study. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the second-order analysis was utilised to test the relationship among the variables.
Findings: The results revealed that the IT development for internal control purposes was generally moderate. Additionally, IT development was positively associated with internal control implementation and strengthened the relationship between internal control and HEI quality performance.
Research Limitation/Implication: This study was based solely on a weak survey study regarding depth and breadth of exploration. Additionally, it did not cross-validated by re-testing the proposed model with secondary data.
Originality/Value of paper: This study adds to the body of knowledge on the moderating role of IT development. Also, the results of this research can be a meaningful input for HEI management since many consider internal control carried out manually to be sufficient without the role of IT. In fact, IT development can strengthen (be a moderator) the positive relationship between internal control and HEI quality performance.
Developing a Quality 4.0 Maturity Index for Improved Business Operational Efficiency and Performance
Authors: Mtotywa Matolwandile Mzuvukile
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Technological advances and increased environmental turbulence require a transition in quality management. The study aimed at developing a Quality 4.0 maturity index for improved business operational efficiency and performance.
Methodology/Approach: This conceptual paper introduces a theoretical business evaluative model that allows an integrated analysis of technology-driven, quality management dimensions. The model is based on theoretical and empirical information and describes Quality 4.0 business analysis by a theoretical central business dimensional concept, formal statistical analytical methods and uses these data to assign a maturity index score to the business.
Findings: The study builds the Quality 4.0 maturity index following the analysis of seven continuous quality improvement dimensions. The maturity of these dimensions in the business is assessed with a five-point maturity level. The effectiveness of the index should be confirmed with fit as covariation and a composite score for the level of Quality 4.0 maturity.
Research Limitation/Implication: The research is based on theory and has not been validated with empirical data. It is recommended that a validation study be conducted based on the approach and guidelines provided in the paper.
Originality/Value of paper: The study helped develop a theoretical aspect of total quality management during an era of the fourth industrial revolution. It also aimed at practically benefiting a business by focussing on improved business capacity and capability to mitigate the environmental turbulence associated with pandemics. The paper provides novel work, as it describes one of the first Quality 4.0 maturity index models that may be used to improve business.
How Can the Check Standard Influence Measurement Process Capability
Authors: Palenčár Jakub , Dovica Miroslav , Palenčár Rudolf , Halaj Martin , Kováčiková Anna , Šooš Ľubomír
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The main objective of the paper is an analysis of the behaviour of capability indices under different conditions. It is assumed that the metrological properties of a check standard are correct, however, the uncertainty of the check standard affects the evaluation of the measurement process capability. The paper analyses individual cases of the influence of the check standard bias and its influence on the measurement process capability.
Methodology/Approach: Statistical analysis of both the measurement process and the check standard is provided at the beginning. Development and analysis of possible cases, when the bias of a check standard affects the calculated capability index of a measurement process follows.
Findings: The paper confirmed the theoretical assumption that a bias of a check standard can affect the calculated capability index of a measurement process, thus shifting the judgment on the measurement process capability.
Research Limitation/Implication: The paper is based on the theoretical assumptions of the measurement process capability as well as on the analysis of the possible behaviour of a respective check standard.
Originality/Value of paper: The paper clarifies that several particular and specifically selected cases of bias of a check standard may affect the resulting capability index negatively/positively, which may lead to inaccurate decisions on measurement process capability. This is confirmed by simulations of a biased check standard, clearly visualizing the shifts in capability indices.
A task segment framework to study keylogged translation processes
Authors: Muñoz Martín Ricardo , Apfelthaler Matthias
Published: August 2022

The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup, mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF, operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS (task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
Integrated Layout and Cable Routing in Wind Farm Optimal Design
Authors: Fischetti Martina , Fischetti Matteo
Published: August 2022

We address a very important problem in offshore wind farm design, namely, the combined optimization of the turbine location and of the connection cables required to bring the electrical power produced by the turbines to a given substation, and eventually to shore. We first describe a mixed-integer linear programming model that combines previous proposals from the literature. Then we improve it by a number of additional inequalities intended to strengthen its linear programming relaxation. In particular, we propose new classes of Benders-like cuts derived from an induced-clique substructure of the problem. The validity of these cuts is established in a purely combinatorial way, without resorting to Benders’s standard duality theory, and efficient separation procedures are proposed. The practical effectiveness of the proposed cuts is established through computational tests, showing that they do improve very significantly the dual bound provided by the standard model. We also present an exact branch-and-cut solver for the problem, which separates the new cuts at run time. Computational results confirm that the new cuts are instrumental for the success of our exact solver.

This paper was accepted by Chung-Piaw Teo, optimization.

Funding: This work of Matteo Fischetti was supported by the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MiUR), Italy [PRIN Project].

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4470 .
Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties
Authors: Cai Wei , Gallani Susanna , Shin Jee-Eun
Published: August 2022

We examine the incentive effects of subjectivity in allocating tournament-based rewards and punishments. We use data from a company where reward and punishment decisions are based on a combination of objective metrics and subjective performance assessments. Rankings based on the objective metrics and the ultimate payoff allocations are disclosed to all members of the organization. This information allows employees to observe whether and how managers subjectively override the objective rankings. Consistent with expectancy theory, we predict and find that subjective rewards and punishments manifesting as favorable (unfavorable) deviations from formula-based payoff expectations are associated with subsequent performance improvements (declines). These performance responses are incremental to the effects of receiving a reward or punishment per se. Our results suggest that managers can benefit from using subjective rewards, but using subjective punishments can be very costly in the absence of sufficiently strong ex ante incentive effects associated with the prospect of subjective penalties. Our findings contribute to the literature on subjectivity in performance evaluations and have important practical implications for designing incentive systems.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: The authors appreciate the Harvard Business School for financial support during the development of this study.

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4501 .
The engagement of orthopaedic surgeons in diabetic foot care in England
Authors: Robinson A. H. N. , Garg Parag , Kirmani Sayyied , Allen Patricia
Published: August 2022

Aims

Diabetic foot care is a significant burden on the NHS in England. We have conducted a nationwide survey to determine the current participation of orthopaedic surgeons in diabetic foot care in England.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to all 136 NHS trusts audited in the 2018 National Diabetic Foot Audit (NDFA). The questionnaire asked about the structure of diabetic foot care services.

Results

Overall, 123 trusts responded, of which 117 admitted patients with diabetic foot disease and 113 had an orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon. A total of 90 trusts (77%) stated that the admission involved medicine, with 53 (45%) of these admissions being exclusively under medicine, and 37 (32%) as joint admissions. Of the joint admissions, 16 (14%) were combined with vascular and 12(10%) with orthopaedic surgery. Admission is solely under vascular surgery in 12 trusts (10%) and orthopaedic surgery in 7 (6%). Diabetic foot abscesses were drained by orthopaedic surgeons in 61 trusts (52%) and vascular surgeons in 47 (40%).

Conclusion

Orthopaedic surgeons make a significant contribution to both acute and elective diabetic foot care currently in the UK. This contribution is likely to increase with the movement of vascular surgery to a hub and spoke model, and measures should be put in place to increase the team based approach to the diabetic foot, for example with the introduction of a best practice tariff. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):618–622.
Detection of virulence factor encoding genes on Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chicken in Blitar District, Indonesia
Authors: EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , FARIDAH HAYYUN DURROTUL , WIBISONO FRESHINDY MARISSA , WIBISONO FRESHINTA JELLIA , NISA NABILATUN , FATIMAH FATIMAH , UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Efendi MH, Faridah HD, Wibisono FM, Wibisono FJ, Nisa N, Fatimah F, Ugbo EN. 2022. Detection of virulence factor encoding genes on Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chicken in Blitar District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3437-3442. Broiler chicken is a source of protein that is widely consumed by the public. However, broiler chicken production sometimes decreases due to infectious diseases such as colibacillosis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli possessing virulence genes. Virulence factors function to facilitate colonization and invasion of host cells to cause disease. The presence of these virulence factors is encoded by various genes such asthe increased serum survival gene and P fimbriae gene which plays a role in surface adhesion. The present study aims to detect the presence of virulence genes from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli isolated from broiler chickens in the Blitar District. A total of 110 cloacal swabs collected by systematic random sampling from broiler poultry farms in four different sub-districts were screened for ESBL-producing E. coli and virulence genes by phenotypic and molecular methods, respectively. Out of 110 E.coli recovered, 95 (86.4%) were observed to show a high level of resistance to the tested antibiotics, and 34 (35.7%) were ESBL-producers. Among ESBL producing E. coli isolates, 22 (73.5%) and 1 (2.9%) were found to have the iss and papC gene virulence factors, respectively using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results of this study indicate that virulence genes can be found in E. coli from poultry farms. The iss gene is the most predominant virulence gene. The reportof these virulence factors in E. coli isolated from broiler could impose a serious potential public health problem.
Isolation of indigenous microorganisms from the liquid produced by the bioprocess of corn straw as direct fed microbials
Authors: TASRIPIN DIDIN SUPRIAT , YUNIARTI ENDAH , MUTAQIN BAMBANG KHOLIQ
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Tasripin DS, Yuniarti E, Mutaqin BK. 2022. Isolation of indigenous microorganisms from the liquid produced by the bioprocess of corn straw as direct fed microbials. Biodiversitas 23: 3452-3456. Digestion of ruminants is highly dependent on microbial activity of rumen. Rumen microbes are responsible for degrading food nutrients into simpler components that can be easily utilized by the body. In order to improve the rumen ecosystem, the Direct Fed Microbials (DFM) was added. The addition of DFM to feed can be in the form of a mixture of several beneficial microbes (such as from the group of bacteria, yeast, and fungi) for the body of livestock. This group of microorganisms can be obtained from the results of the bioprocess of bioprocessed materials such as corn straw. In order to obtain the right microorganisms to be used as DFM, it is necessary to isolate the results of the bioprocess. The analysis was carried out by purification of indigenous microorganisms from the bioprocess of corn straw. Microbial purification can be done by isolation of microbes on agar media such as Nutrient Agar, MRS, and PDA by incubation to obtain a single cell. The results showed that isolation of the liquid from the bioprocess of corn straw was obtained in the form of Coccus and Bacilli which included gram-positive bacteria which were found to be dominant after incubation and microbial staining.
Characterization, potential and conservation of Pisang Kates (Musa cv. ABB), a unique local banana cultivar from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: HAPSARI LIA , DAMAIYANI JANIS , YULISTYARINI TITUT , AULIYA ITSAR , GUSMIATI LUTFIANA HASANAH , ZARO ROSHINDY MALFRIDATUL
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Hapsari L, Damaiyani J, Yulistyarini T, Auliya I, Gusmiati LH, Zaro RM. 2022. Characterization, potential and conservation of Pisang Kates (Musa cv. ABB), a unique local banana cultivar from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3521-3532. Characterization of local banana (Musa spp.) germplasm is fundamental for identification and provides information on traits that support their sustainable conservation and optimum utilization. This study aims to characterize and discuss the potential and conservation of Pisang Kates,a local cultivar originatingfrom Tutur, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. The observed characteristics include morphology, molecular, agronomy and yield performance, leaf anatomy and stomata, pollen morphology and viability, fruit total soluble solids and nutrients. Results showed that Pisang Kates hasa unique fruit shape ovoid to globose, weight of40-150 g, appear solitary and randomly attached directly to peduncle, like papaya. It was molecularly by Internal Transcribed Spacer barcode confirmed as ABB genotype. It is tolerant to drought and banana bunchy top virus, but susceptible to wilts. Leaf anatomy has three palisades and isodiametric polygonal epidermals. Leaf stomata is amphistomatic, tetracytic on adaxial,and paracytic on abaxial. Pollen unit is monad, very large, subspheroidal, monocolpate aperture, granulum ornamentation, and low viability. Fruit moderately sweet with nutrient contents equal to dessert banana. Pisang Kates has potential as one serving consumer size fruit, ornamental fruit plant, female parent for breeding,and pioneer plant for rehabilitation programs. Both ex-situ and on-farm conservation strategies of this valuable local banana genetic resource are encouraged.
Analysis of nutritional content and heavy metals of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) in Lake Sidenreng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hasrianti Hasrianti , M Armayani , Surianti Surianti , Putri A Rini Sahni , Akbar Abd Hakim
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Hasrianti, Armayani M, Surianti, Putri ARS, Akbar AH. 2022. Analysis of nutritional content and heavy metals of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) in Lake Sidenreng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3539-3545. Suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) is one type of freshwater fish that belongs to the category of invasive fish (invasive alien species) in Indonesia based on the regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number PER.17/MEN/2009. The presence of suckermouth catfish in Lake Sidenreng with a high population level and increasing over time has resulted in this species dominating the waters. The many impacts caused and the solution has not been found to eradicate the fish, so we need an alternative that can be used to utilize suckermouth catfish, for example, as food to be processed into fishery products. In order to be used as raw material for processed food, a study is needed to determine the nutritional content and heavy metal content in suckermouth catfish. Based on the results of the analysis of the content of crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate content in the meat of a large (40.3 cm), the content values were 14.52%, 0.49% and 0.21%, while the crude protein, crude fat and fat content were Carbohydrates contained in the meat of suckermouth catfish which are smaller in size (21 cm) are 14.58%, 0.52% and 0.09%. Heavy metals Pb, As, Cd and Hg contained in the meat and scales of suckermouth catfish are also below the metal contamination threshold required based on SNI 2729:2013 so that the fish can be categorized as fish fit for consumption and can be processed into various fishery products with economic value.
Short communication: Germination monitoring of selected Annonaceae seeds: Seed bank collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: PRATIWI ALIFFIA , LESTARI DEWI AYU , ROMDHONAH YAYU
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Pratiwi A, Lestari DA, Romdhonah Y. 2022. Short communication: Germination monitoring of selected Annonaceae seeds: Seed bank collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3567-3572. Monitoring activities are an essential aspect to determine the viability and germination of seeds after storage for a certain period. The seed bank of Purwodadi Botanic Garden collected 20 seeds of 11 different species of Annonaceae. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the seed viability of 11 selected species of Annonaceae after being stored for a certain time. Twenty seeds with three replications, i.e., 60 seeds in total were sown. Meanwhile, for genera of Uvaria consisted of U. purpurea, U. rufa, and Uvaria sp. were sown at 30 seeds in total, which means 10 seeds with three replications. The observed parameters were percentage of germination, seed viability, initial germination, and germination type. The results showed only 4 out of 11 selected species of Annonaceae were germinated, namely A. montana, F. latifolium, U. micranthum, and U. purpurea. These four species have epigeal germination types, and monitoring activities included stock rejuvenation, and evaluation of storage procedures for Alphonsea javanica, Annona glabra, Orophea enneandra, Polyalthia littoralis, U. rufa, and Uvaria sp. Furthermore, P. longifolia requires collection regeneration due to its recalcitrant character, and the number of empty seeds from the cut test was >75%. We suggested that P. longifolia seeds might be better to be stored in the refrigerator.
Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Arthrobotrys musiformis as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne hapla on tomato plant
Authors: Purba Reza T. Triyanto , Fauzi Fachri , Sari Retno Widia , Naibaho Desy Christine , Putri Qisti Aqila , Maulana Arbi , Hastuti Liana Dwi Sri , Punnapayak Hunsa
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Purba RTT, Dauzi F, Sari RW, Naibaho DC, Putri QA, Maulana A, Hastutui LDS, Punnapayak H. 2022. Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Arthrobotrys musiformis as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne hapla on tomato plant. Biodiversitas 23: 3659-3666. The use of nematode-trapping fungi as a biocontrol agent is an environmental-friendly step in controlling Meloidogyne hapla on plants. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of A. thaumasia and A. musiformis as biocontrol agents in reducing the attack of M. hapla on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The isolates were tested for their biocontrol ability against M. hapla using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments: K+ (positive control), K- (negative control), KBF (Carbofuran), and two treatments of nematode-trapping fungi (A. thaumasia and A. musiformis). Root length, root weight, stem length, and stem weight of tomato plants were observed. The results showed that A. thaumasia and A. musiformis could reduce M. hapla in tomato plants up to 93% and 97%, respectively. Number of root-knot infections caused by M. hapla in tomato was found lower in JPN2 treatment, followed by JPN1 treatment. It was also recorded that JPN2 isolate treatment was able to produce the highest values of root length, root wet and dry weight, stem length, and stem wet and dry weight as compared to JPN1 isolate treatment.
Floristic diversity, structure, and carbon stock of mangroves in a tropical lagoon ecosystem at Setiu, Malaysia
Authors: ISLAM MOHAMMAD AHSANUL , IDRIS MOHD HANAFI , BHUIYAN MD KHURSHID ALAM , ALI MOHD SHAROL , ABDULLAH MOHAMAD TARMIZI , KAMAL ABU HENA MUSTAFA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Islam MA, Idris MH, Bhuiyan MKA, Ali MS, Abdullah MT, Kamal AHM. 2022. Floristic diversity, structure, and carbon stock of mangroves in a tropical lagoon ecosystem at Setiu, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 3685-3697. Mangroves in lagoon habitats play an important role in ecosystem functions. Many studies on mangrove habitats are available in coastal habitats, however, the information on the lagoon ecosystems in tropical climates is scanty, especially regarding its vegetation and carbon storage. This study was carried out to assess the status of species diversity, composition, zonal structure and carbon storage of mangrove vegetation in Setiu lagoon, Malaysia. We used the transect line plots method in representative landward and small fringe island areas. The results showed that the floristic diversity of mangroves comprised 18 true mangroves and 11 associates, of which Avicennia rumphiana and Ceriops decandra were listed as threatened by IUCN. The stem density and basal area ranged from 1533 to 3800 individuals. ha-1 and 18.98-37.97 m2 ha-1, respectively. The mean tree diameter was 9.80 ± 2.85 cm, with a tree height of 10.35 ± 2.14 m. The mangrove species with the highest importance value index (IVI) was Rhizophora mucronata with 134.86, while the lowest was Acanthus ebracteatus with 13.23. The study revealed that small fringe islands in the lagoon were more diverse with biodiversity index values always higher than the landward zone. Total biomass from the dominant mangrove species was estimated at 522.9 t ha-1 with estimated carbon storage of 261.45 t ha-1 and sequestration potential of 959.54 t CO2 ha-1. Compared to the other mangrove ecosystems elsewhere, this study recommends that the Setiu lagoon is considered to be a healthy and newly generated mangrove forest. Therefore, proper monitoring is needed to ensure mangrove ecosystem health and functions.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf
Authors: LISDIANI LISDIANI , SUSANTO DWI , MANURUNG HETTY
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Lisdiani, Susanto D, Manurung H. 2022. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf. Biodiversitas 23: 3827-3835. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds, total flavonoid, and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg (or tanikkara) leaves. Sample D. excelsa leaves were obtained from swamp forests in Melintang Village, Muara Wis sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. This research includes sample preparation, extraction and maceration, extract concentration using a rotary evaporator, phytochemical test, total phenolic andflavonoid content test, and antioxidant activity test using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods (FRAP). The results of this study indicate that the methanolic extract of D. excelsa leaves contains secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins. The total phenolic content was 181.25 g GAE/g extract, while the total flavonoid content was 36 g QE/g extract. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of D. excelsa leaf DPPH method had moderate activity strength with a value of IC50is 145 ppm, while the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of D. excelsa leaf using the FRAP method has the highest antioxidant activity value at a concentration of 100 ppm with a value of 70.833%. The result indicated that the methanolic extract D. excelsa leaves had many metabolites and potentially an antioxidant.
Care ensembles: examining relational aspects of care in the context of home care
Authors: Martin-Matthews Anne , Torrejón María-José
Published: August 2022

We adapt the concept of the ‘consumption ensemble’ to capture the nuanced collaborations between actors in the provision and receipt of home care. Data were from a ten-year study of home care clients, family carers and workers in selected Canadian provinces. Using the lens of the ‘ensemble’, we analysed interviews with 24 dyads (carers and clients) and reviewed findings of our previously published research. Evidence of agency as collective endeavour supporting client autonomy and of improvisation in the ensemble informed a revision of our previous interactive model of care, emphasising the bidirectional nature of care relationships.
The consequences for unpaid carers of unmet need for long-term care services in England
Authors: Brimblecombe Nicola
Published: August 2022

Under-provision of long-term care services for people with support needs may have consequences for both them and their unpaid carers. Using in-depth interviews with 23 co-resident carers living in England, our study aimed to explore the impacts of unmet need on unpaid carers and how such impacts occur. Unmet need for services – services not being received or gaps between provision and need – had multidimensional impacts on carers. Key mechanisms were constrained opportunities through limited time or emotional resources, and constrained choices about whether and how to provide care, as well as over multiple other aspects of their lives.
Producing feminist solidarities in practice
Authors: Rawłuszko Marta
Published: August 2022

The aim of this article is to provide empirical insights into the process of building solidarity. I focus on the way in which feminist movements are funded and discuss the question of the structural conditions for building feminist solidarities within movements that already display different hierarchies of income, visibility and recognition. My key message is that feminist solidarities are more easily produced if feminist movements challenge traditional alliances of money, expertise and power, and thus propose an alternative to ‘NGO-isation’. I outline the particular practices of participatory grant-making of the Polish Feminist Fund and argue that such organisation practices may foster greater solidarities across different identities, issues and locations, and result in the more politically oriented redistribution of funds to those who are in most pressing need of support.
Few-mode fiber design for multiple-input-multiple-output-less mode division multiplexing by machine learning
Authors: Cheng Yudan , Guo Yinghao , Cao Min , Jiang Youchao , Ren Wenhua , Ren Guobin
Published: August 2022

Neural networks (NNs), random forests (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) are applied separately to inversely design the ring-core few-mode fiber (FMF) with a desired weakly coupled performance. We demonstrate the procedure of inverse designing of FMF via machine learning (ML) algorithms and evaluate the prediction accuracy of the above ML algorithms. Compared with RF and XGBoost, the NN performs the highest prediction accuracy. For the NN, RF, and XGBoost, the correlation coefficients of the mode effective index difference are 0.99993, 0.99857, and 0.99937, respectively. Subsequently, by utilizing the method of permuting feature importance ranking, we obtain the high-correlation fiber structural features with the mode effective index difference. Moreover, we analyze the effect of the minimum index difference between two adjacent modes

(
Δ

n

e
f
f
,
m
i
n

)

on the structural parameters and get consistent feature attribution via permuting feature importance ranking above. Finally, we design a weakly coupled ring-core fiber that supports four modes (

H
E

11

,

T
E

01

,

H
E

21

,

T
M

01

) based on the NN algorithm, which could be successfully applied in vector mode division multiplexing.