bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Research on the Multilayer Wall Integrated with a PCM Layer
Authors: Tao Feng , Wang Ya , Meng Xi
Published: July 2015

The phase change material (PCM) used in a building wall can reduce building energy consumption and improve
the living comfort level. However, only when the temperature of the PCM layer is between phase transition temperature
ranges can it have the maximum effect to increase the thermal inertia. How to select the suitable PCM according to
the local weather and building wall always troubles building engineers and affects the wide use of PCM on building energy
efficiency. Aiming at present situation, this paper numerically analyzed the energy conservation of building multilayer
wall integrated with a PCM layer to optimize PCM thermophysical properties and wall structure under the Chengdu typical
climates of winter, summer and transition seasons. The numerical simulation used the heat transfer model of the enthalpy-
porosity technique, which was verified by the experiment. The results show that the PCM layer can decrease the
building annual load, increase the time lag, decrease the decrement factor and improve occupants' comfort. When the
phase change occurs under the suitable temperature conditions, high latent heat is conducive to decreasing the heat flow
fluctuation, increasing the time lag and improving inner surface temperature stability. It is more efficient that the PCM
layer is located next to the internal surface and under this condition, the optimum solidus and liquidus temperatures are
14°C and 26°C respectively, under the Chengdu climates. And the annual inner surface heat flow can be reduced up to
13.36% for the PCM layer of 30mm and 9.64% for the PCM layer of 20mm compared with no the PCM layer.
Research on Protection and Repair Technologies for the Wooden Architectures of Chinese Eastern Railway at Yimianpo
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Daping , Zhang Li
Published: July 2015

This paper teases the wooden architectures at Yimianpo in the period of Chinese Eastern Railway, analyzes the
construction of the wooden architectures, classifies them according to the wooden structure system, and uses relevant protection
and repair technologies for research according to their characteristics, in order to find reasonable protection and
repair technologies for the wooden architectures and provide more referable bases for the future protection and repair of
the wooden architectures of Chinese Eastern Railway at Yimianpo.
Observational methods to assess the effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing right colon cancer mortality risk: SCOLAR
Authors: Goodman Michael , Fletcher Robert H , Doria-Rose V Paul , Jensen Christopher D , Zebrowski Alexis M , Becerra Tracy A , Quinn Virginia P , Zauber Ann G , Corley Douglas A , Doubeni Chyke A
Published: July 2015

Aims:
Screening colonoscopy's effectiveness in reducing risk of death from right colon cancers remains unclear. Methodological challenges of existing observational studies addressing this issue motivated the design of ‘Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Average-Risk Adults (SCOLAR)’.
Methods:
SCOLAR is a nested case–control study based on two large integrated health systems. This affords access to a large, well-defined historical cohort linked to integrated data on cancer outcomes, patient eligibility, test indications and important confounders.
Results:
We found electronic data adequate for excluding ineligible patients (except family history), but not the detailed information needed for test indication assignment.
Conclusion:
The lessons of SCOLAR's design and implementation may be useful for future studies seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of screening tests in community settings.
Securitization and Insider Trading
Authors: Ryan Stephen G. , Tucker Jennifer Wu , Zhou Ying
Published: July 2015

Securitizations are complex and opaque transactions. We hypothesize that bank insiders trade on private information about banks': (1) securitization-related recourse risks, (2) not-yet-reported current-quarter securitization income, and (3) securitization-based business model sustainability. We provide evidence that proxies for each of these types of insider information are positively associated with insider trading. Specifically, we find that net insider sales in the 2001Q2–2007Q2 pre-financial crisis quarters predict not-yet-reported non-performing securitized loans and securitization income for those quarters, and that net insider sales during 2006Q4 predict write-downs of securitization-related assets during the 2007Q3–2008Q4 crisis period. We find that net insider sales are more negatively associated with banks' subsequent stock returns in their securitization quarters than in other quarters. In supplemental analysis, we show that the above findings are driven by trades by banks' CEOs and CFOs, and that insiders avoid larger stock price losses through 10b5-1 plan sales than through non-plan sales.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Glycemic Variability and Diabetes Complications: Does It Matter? Of Course It Does!
Authors: Hirsch Irl B.
Published: July 2015

There is no argument that improving mean levels of glycemic control as judged by assays for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduces the risks of microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease events in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, observations in some trials have suggested that targeting HbA1c to suggested targets may not always result in improved outcomes for people with long-standing type 2 diabetes. The reasons why the glycemic control strategies that primarily use HbA1c in these studies did not have predicted outcomes are not clear. Thus, controversy remains as to whether there are glycemic metrics beyond HbA1c that can be defined as effective measures that can be used in addition to HbA1c to help in assessing the risk of an individual developing diabetes complications. In this regard, the concept of “glycemic variability” (GV) is one metric that has attracted a lot of attention. GV can be simply defined as the degree to which a patient’s blood glucose level fluctuates between high (peaks) and low (nadir) levels. The best and most precise way to assess GV is also one that is still debated. Thus, while there is universal agreement that HbA1c is the current gold standard for the primary clinical target, there is no consensus as to whether other proposed glycemic metrics hold promise to provide additional clinical data or whether there should be additional targets beyond HbA1c. Therefore, given the current controversy, we provide a Point-Counterpoint debate on this issue. In the point narrative below, Dr. Hirsch provides his argument that fluctuations in blood glucose as assessed by GV metrics are deleterious and control of GV should be a primary treatment target. In the following counterpoint narrative, Dr. Bergenstal argues that there are better markers to assess the risk of diabetes than GV and provides his consideration of other concepts.

—William T. Cefalu

Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Nepal earthquake 2015 – an overview
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: July 2015

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v2i1.13030Journal of Biomedical Sciences 2015;2(1): 1-2
Higher Division of Right Internal Thoracic Artery – a case report
Authors: Salve Vishal Manoharrao , Gitte Rashmi Narayan
Published: July 2015

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is the largest artery of the thoracic wall. ITA has become a conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass graft surgery because of its predictable intrathoracic course, anatomical proximity to the heart and excellent long-term patency. The rare and unexpected occurrence of anomalies of the internal thoracic artery such as the one reported here may complicate the entire procedure of revascularization of the myocardium. We conclude that knowledge of variation of internal thoracic artery is necessary during surgical procedures that involve thoracic region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v2i1.13032Journal of Biomedical Sciences 2015 Mar.; 2(1): 7-9
A Collaborative Quiz as an Opportunity for Self- and Other-Correction: Another Look at L2 Errors
Authors: Ewald Jennifer D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract:

Research has found that, during speaking activities, instances of students’ collaborative repair are most often lexicon-focused. Collaborative writing tasks have been credited with the potential to force students to confront broad issues, such as content and register, along with more narrow lexical and morphological choices. The present study explores interactions among 20 learners in an intermediate, university level Spanish course, as they collaborated on a small group quiz. The study reports the frequency of students’ error correction types, both self- and other-initiated, and analyzes the focus of their negotiations. Moreover, the investigation highlights this type of classroom assessment as an opportunity for learners to determine where linguistic difficulties lie and address them.
Network Route Choice Model for Battery Electric Vehicle Drivers with Different Risk Attitudes
Authors: Agrawal Sudesh K. , Boyles Stephen D. , Jiang Nan , Shahabi Mehrdad , Unnikrishnan Avinash
Published: July 2015

Research on the range anxiety of battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers is limited, and research on the route choice of such drivers has been restricted to a fixed range limit modeled as a distance constrained shortest path problem. In this paper, a more general network route choice model based on the range anxiety of BEV drivers is formulated as a nonadditive shortest path problem. More appropriate for BEVs, a tour-based analysis with a continuum of range limits is considered, and an outer approximation algorithm has been used to find the optimal path. Numerical experiments on a small network demonstrate how the routes taken by BEV drivers are influenced by their risk attitudes and uncertainty in the predicted range of the vehicle.
Optimal Parking Pricing in Many-to-One Park-and-Ride Network with Parking Space Constraints
Authors: Wang Hua , Meng Qiang , Zhang Xiao-Ning
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates an optimal parking pricing problem in a many-to-one (multiple origins to one destination) park-and-ride (P + R) network, taking into account practical parking space constraints. The proposed problem aims to minimize the total travel cost by setting optimal parking fees at P + R terminals. The problem is formulated as a bilevel programming model that comprises an upper-level problem of determining optimal parking fees and a lower-level problem of characterizing commuters’ travel equilibrium of departure time and path choices. For the lower-level problem, a user equilibrium model is developed to address the commuting patterns with and without parking space constraints in the many-to-one P + R network. In the commute equilibrium analysis, extra earlier departure times, defined by slack variables, are introduced to examine the conditions in which commuters need to compete for limited parking spots. Meanwhile, the parking spot ending time is used to describe how commuters from different origins compete with one another for the limited parking spots at the destination. Finally, numerical experiments show that the methods proposed in this study are effective in managing the P + R facilities.
Transferability of Models for Estimating Paddy Rice Biomass from Spatial Plant Height Data
Authors: Tilly Nora , Hoffmeister Dirk , Cao Qiang , Lenz-Wiedemann Victoria , Miao Yuxin , Bareth Georg
Published: July 2015

It is known that plant height is a suitable parameter for estimating crop biomass. The aim of this study was to confirm the validity of spatial plant height data, which is derived from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), as a non-destructive estimator for biomass of paddy rice on the field scale. Beyond that, the spatial and temporal transferability of established biomass regression models were investigated to prove the robustness of the method and evaluate the suitability of linear and exponential functions. In each growing season of two years, three campaigns were carried out on a field experiment and on a farmer’s conventionally managed field. Crop surface models (CSMs) were generated from the TLS-derived point clouds for calculating plant height with a very high spatial resolution of 1 cm. High coefficients of determination between CSM-derived and manually measured plant heights (R2: 0.72 to 0.91) confirm the applicability of the approach. Yearly averaged differences between the measurements were ~7% and ~9%. Biomass regression models were established from the field experiment data sets, based on strong coefficients of determination between plant height and dry biomass (R2: 0.66 to 0.86 and 0.65 to 0.84 for linear and exponential models, respectively). The spatial and temporal transferability of the models to the farmer’s conventionally managed fields is supported by strong coefficients of determination between estimated and measured values (R2: 0.60 to 0.90 and 0.56 to 0.85 for linear and exponential models, respectively). Hence, the suitability of TLS-derived spatial plant height as a non-destructive estimator for biomass of paddy rice on the field scale was verified and the transferability demonstrated.
Machining Performance of Sputter-Deposited (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 High-Entropy Nitride Coatings
Authors: Shen Wan-Jui , Tsai Ming-Hung , Yeh Jien-Wei
Published: July 2015

(Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 high-entropy nitride coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering have been proved to have high hardness and superior oxidation resistance. Their thermal stability, adhesion strength, and cutting performance were investigated in this study. Hardness of the coating is 36 GPa, which only decreases slightly to 33 GPa after 900 °C annealing either in air or in vacuum for 2 h. No significant change in phase and microstructure were detected after annealing at 1000 °C. Rockwell C indentation and scratch tests shows that Ti interlayer provides a good adhesion between the nitride film and WC/Co substrates. In various milling tests, inserts coated with (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 have evidently smaller flank wear depth than commercial inserts coated with TiN and TiAlN, even with their smaller thickness. Therefore, the (Al0.34Cr0.22Nb0.11Si0.11Ti0.22)50N50 coating has great potential in hard coating applications.
A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging
Authors: Stees Melinda , Adjei Isaac , Labhasetwar Vinod
Published: July 2015

Our study presents a new method for tracking nanoparticle penetration through different layers of the skin using near-infrared dye-loaded nanoparticles (hydrodynamic diameter = 156 nm) and optical imaging. The dye-loaded nanoparticles were mixed in a topical skin cream, applied to human cadaver skin and incubated either for three or 24 h post-application, skin tissue was clipped between glass slides prior to imaging for signal intensity across the skin thickness using an optical imaging system. The data show that nanoparticles penetrate through all the layers of the skin but there is almost an exponential decay in the signal intensity from epidermis to dermis. Depending upon the incubation time, about 55%–59% of the total signal was seen in the epidermis and the remaining through dermis and hypodermis. The advantage of the method is that it allows quantitative analysis of the extent of penetration of nanoparticles through different layers of the skin without interference of any background signal from skin tissue, and without requiring extensive tissue processing. Our method could potentially be used to study the effect of nanoparticle properties and/or the use of different formulation additives on penetration of nanoparticles through different skin layers.
Scale-Invariant Rotating Black Holes in Quadratic Gravity
Authors: Cognola Guido , Rinaldi Massimiliano , Vanzo Luciano
Published: July 2015

Black hole solutions in pure quadratic theories of gravity are interesting since they allow the formulation of a set of scale-invariant thermodynamics laws. Recently, we have proven that static scale-invariant black holes have a well-defined entropy, which characterizes equivalent classes of solutions. In this paper, we generalize these results and explore the thermodynamics of rotating black holes in pure quadratic gravity.
The Evolvability of Cooperation under Local and Non-Local Mutations
Authors: Stewart Alexander , Plotkin Joshua
Published: July 2015

We study evolutionary dynamics in a population of individuals engaged in pairwise social interactions, encoded as iterated games. We consider evolution within the space of memory-1strategies, and we characterize all evolutionary robust outcomes, as well as their tendency to evolve under the evolutionary dynamics of the system. When mutations are restricted to be local, as opposed to non-local, then a wider range of evolutionary robust outcomes tend to emerge, but mutual cooperation is more difficult to evolve. When we further allow heritable mutations to the player’s investment level in each cooperative interaction, then co-evolution leads to changes in the payoff structure of the game itself and to specific pairings of robust games and strategies in the population. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of the genetic architectures that encode how an individual expresses its strategy or investment.
The Structural Determinants behind the Epigenetic Role of Histone Variants
Authors: Cheema Manjinder , Ausió Juan
Published: July 2015

Histone variants are an important part of the histone contribution to chromatin epigenetics. In this review, we describe how the known structural differences of these variants from their canonical histone counterparts impart a chromatin signature ultimately responsible for their epigenetic contribution. In terms of the core histones, H2A histone variants are major players while H3 variant CenH3, with a controversial role in the nucleosome conformation, remains the genuine epigenetic histone variant. Linker histone variants (histone H1 family) haven’t often been studied for their role in epigenetics. However, the micro-heterogeneity of the somatic canonical forms of linker histones appears to play an important role in maintaining the cell-differentiated states, while the cell cycle independent linker histone variants are involved in development. A picture starts to emerge in which histone H2A variants, in addition to their individual specific contributions to the nucleosome structure and dynamics, globally impair the accessibility of linker histones to defined chromatin locations and may have important consequences for determining different states of chromatin metabolism.
Full Genome Sequence Analysis of Two Isolates Reveals a Novel Xanthomonas Species Close to the Sugarcane Pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans
Authors: Pieretti Isabelle , Cociancich Stéphane , Bolot Stéphanie , Carrère Sébastien , Morisset Alexandre , Rott Philippe , Royer Monique
Published: July 2015

Xanthomonas albilineans is the bacterium responsible for leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. Within the Xanthomonas genus, X. albilineans exhibits distinctive genomic characteristics including the presence of significant genome erosion, a non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) locus involved in albicidin biosynthesis, and a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of the Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) family. We sequenced two X. albilineans-like strains isolated from unusual environments, i.e., from dew droplets on sugarcane leaves and from the wild grass Paspalum dilatatum, and compared these genomes sequences with those of two strains of X. albilineans and three of Xanthomonas sacchari. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) showed that both X. albilineans-like strains belong to a new species close to X. albilineans that we have named “Xanthomonas pseudalbilineans”. X. albilineans and “X. pseudalbilineans” share many genomic features including (i) the lack of genes encoding a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity type 3 secretion system (Hrp-T3SS), and (ii) genome erosion that probably occurred in a common progenitor of both species. Our comparative analyses also revealed specific genomic features that may help X. albilineans interact with sugarcane, e.g., a PglA endoglucanase, three TonB-dependent transporters and a glycogen metabolism gene cluster. Other specific genomic features found in the “X. pseudalbilineans” genome may contribute to its fitness and specific ecological niche.
Association between Three Mutations, F1565C, V1023G and S996P, in the Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channel Gene and Knockdown Resistance in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wuliandari Juli , Lee Siu , White Vanessa , Tantowijoyo Warsito , Hoffmann Ary , Endersby-Harshman Nancy
Published: July 2015

Mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (Vssc) have been identified in Aedes aegypti and some have been associated with pyrethroid insecticide resistance. Whether these mutations cause resistance, alone or in combination with other alleles, remains unclear, but must be understood if mutations are to become markers for resistance monitoring. We describe High Resolution Melt (HRM) genotyping assays for assessing mutations found in Ae. aegypti in Indonesia (F1565C, V1023G, S996P) and use them to test for associations with pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes from Yogyakarta, a city where insecticide use is widespread. Such knowledge is important because Yogyakarta is a target area for releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes with virus-blocking traits for dengue suppression. We identify three alleles across Yogyakarta putatively linked to resistance in previous research. By comparing resistant and susceptible mosquitoes from bioassays, we show that the 1023G allele is associated with resistance to type I and type II pyrethroids. In contrast, F1565C homozygotes were rare and there was only a weak association between individuals heterozygous for the mutation and resistance to a type I pyrethroid. As the heterozygote is expected to be incompletely recessive, it is likely that this association was due to a different resistance mechanism being present. A resistance advantage conferred to V1023G homozygotes through addition of the S996P allele in the homozygous form was suggested for the Type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin. Screening of V1023G and S996P should assist resistance monitoring in Ae. aegypti from Yogyakarta, and these mutations should be maintained in Wolbachia strains destined for release in this city to ensure that these virus-blocking strains of mosquitoes are not disadvantaged, relative to resident populations.
Tunneling Performance Increases at Lower Temperatures for Solenopsis invicta (Buren) but not for Nylanderia fulva (Mayr)
Authors: Bentley Michael , Oi Faith , Gezan Salvador , Hahn Daniel
Published: July 2015

Nylanderia fulva (Mayr), the tawny crazy ant, is an invasive pest established in Florida and several other Gulf Coast states. In their invasive ranges in the Southeastern USA, large N. fulva populations have reduced species abundance, even displacing another invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren). In North Florida, N. fulva populations survive winter temperatures that reach below freezing for extended periods. However, the shallow littoral debris used by N. fulva for nest construction offers little insulation to brood and reproductives when exposed to freezing temperatures. Field populations of N. fulva in North Florida were observed tunneling below ground, a previously undescribed behavior. Other invasive ants exhibit similar subterranean tunneling behavior as a means of thermoregulation. To test the hypothesis that N. fulva has the capacity to construct subterranean tunnels across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures, tunneling performance for N. fulva and S. invicta, another invasive ant that tunnels extensively, were compared at four temperatures (15.0, 18.0, 20.0, and 22.0 °C). Overall, N. fulva tunneled significantly less than S. invicta. Nylanderia fulva tunneled furthest at warmer temperatures whereas S. invicta tunneled furthest at cooler temperatures. However, N. fulva constructed subterranean tunnels at all temperatures evaluated. These data support the hypothesis that N. fulva is capable of tunneling in temperatures as low as 15.0 °C, confirming that this ant can also perform a behavior that is used by other ants for cold avoidance.
Microwave Imaging Sensor Using Compact Metamaterial UWB Antenna with a High Correlation Factor
Authors: Islam Md. , Islam Mohammad , Faruque Mohammad , Samsuzzaman Md. , Misran Norbahiah , Arshad Haslina
Published: July 2015

The design of a compact metamaterial ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a goal towards application in microwave imaging systems for detecting unwanted cells in human tissue, such as in cases of breast cancer, heart failure and brain stroke detection is proposed. This proposed UWB antenna is made of four metamaterial unit cells, where each cell is an integration of a modified split ring resonator (SRR), capacitive loaded strip (CLS) and wire, to attain a design layout that simultaneously exhibits both a negative magnetic permeability and a negative electrical permittivity. This design results in an astonishing negative refractive index that enables amplification of the radiated power of this reported antenna, and therefore, high antenna performance. A low-cost FR4 substrate material is used to design and print this reported antenna, and has the following characteristics: thickness of 1.6 mm, relative permeability of one, relative permittivity of 4.60 and loss tangent of 0.02. The overall antenna size is 19.36 mm × 27.72 mm × 1.6 mm where the electrical dimension is 0.20 λ × 0.28 λ × 0.016 λ at the 3.05 GHz lower frequency band. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) measurements have illustrated that this antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth from 3.05 GHz to more than 15 GHz for VSWR < 2 with an average gain of 4.38 dBi throughout the operating frequency band. The simulations (both HFSS and computer simulation technology (CST)) and the measurements are in high agreement. A high correlation factor and the capability of detecting tumour simulants confirm that this reported UWB antenna can be used as an imaging sensor.
Copper Recovery from Polluted Soils Using Acidic Washing and Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Fedje Karin , Modin Oskar , Strömvall Ann-Margret
Published: July 2015

Excavation followed by landfilling is the most common method for treating soils contaminated by metals. However, as this solution is not sustainable, alternative techniques are required. Chemical soil washing is one such alternative. The aim of this experimental lab-scale study is to develop a remediation and metal recovery method for Cu contaminated sites. The method is based on the washing of soil or ash (combusted soil/bark) with acidic waste liquids followed by electrolytic Cu recovery by means of bioelectrochemical systems (BES). The results demonstrate that a one- or two-step acidic leaching process followed by water washing removes >80 wt. % of the Cu. Copper with 99.7–99.9 wt. % purity was recovered from the acidic leachates using BES. In all experiments, electrical power was generated during the reduction of Cu. This clearly indicates that Cu can also be recovered from dilute solutions. Additionally, the method has the potential to wash co-pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxy-PAHs.
Recent Developments and Biological Activities of N-Substituted Carbazole Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Bashir Maryam , Bano Afifa , Ijaz Abdul , Chaudhary Bashir
Published: July 2015

Carbazoles represent an important class of heterocycles. These have been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiepileptic, antihistaminic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, neuroprotective and pancreatic lipase inhibition properties. A series of carbazole derivatives such as N-substituted carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, furocarbazoles, pyrrolocarbazoles, indolocarbazoles, imidazocarbazoles, etc. have been synthesized. The N-substituted derivatives have gained the attention of researchers due to their therapeutic potential against neurological disorders and cell proliferation. Herein an attempt is made to review the medicinal importance of recently synthesized N-substituted carbazoles.
Consumption Patterns of Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Dietary Nutrient Density among French Children and Adults
Authors: Francou Aurée , Hebel Pascale , Braesco Véronique , Drewnowski Adam
Published: July 2015

Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption is a marker of higher-quality diets; less is known about the contribution of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) to diet quality. Objective: To explore FVJ consumption patterns in relation to dietary nutrient density among French children (aged 3–14 years old) and adults (≥21 years old). Methods: Analyses were based on the nationally representative 2013 CCAF (Comportements et Consommations Alimentaires en France) survey of 1930 respondents, stratified by age group, FVJ consumption, and socioeconomic status (SES). Dietary nutrient density was based on the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) index, adjusted for gender and age. Results: Mean total consumption of fruits and vegetables was 2.6 servings/day for children and 3.8 servings/day for adults. Mean population consumption of FVJ was 83 mL/day for children and 54.6 mL/day for adults, equivalent to 0.4 servings/day and 0.3 servings/day respectively. FVJ consumers had higher quality diets than did non-consumers, after adjusting for covariates. The respective NRF9.3 values were 486.4 ± 4.3 vs. 428.7 ± 7.5 for children and 460.7 ± 4.4 vs. 435.4 ± 4.4 for adults. FVJ consumers had similar or higher intakes of fruits and vegetables than did non-consumers. The socioeconomic gradient for FVJ consumption was much weaker (p < 0.046) than for whole fruit (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample of French children and adults, fruit and vegetable consumption fell short of recommended values. Higher FVJ consumption was associated with higher-quality diets and better compliance with the French National Plan for Nutrition and Health (PNNS).
Higher Body Iron Is Associated with Greater Depression Symptoms among Young Adult Men but not Women: Observational Data from the Daily Life Study
Authors: Richardson Aimee , Heath Anne-Louise , Haszard Jillian , Polak Maria , Houghton Lisa , Conner Tamlin
Published: July 2015

Studies investigating possible associations between iron status and mood or depressive symptoms have reported inconsistent results. However, they have neither used body iron to measure iron status nor measured mood using daily measures. We investigated whether body iron was associated with depressive symptoms, daily mood, daily tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and stress in young adult women and men. Young adult (17–25 years) women (n = 562) and men (n = 323) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, then reported negative and positive mood, and other states daily for 13 days. Non-fasting venous blood was collected to determine hemoglobin, serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (to calculate body iron), C-reactive protein, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration. Regression models tested linear associations between body iron and the outcome variables, controlling for possible confounders. No associations were found between body iron and the outcome variables in women. However, higher body iron was associated with more depressive symptoms in men (3.4% more per body iron mg/kg; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.8%, 5.9%). In young adult women, body iron is unlikely to be associated with significant deficits in mood or depressive symptoms. However, higher body iron may be associated with more depressive symptoms in young adult men.
Graphene Plasmonic Waveguides for Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation on a Chip
Authors: Gorbach Andrey
Published: July 2015

Using perturbation expansion of Maxwell equations with the nonlinear boundary condition, a generic propagation equation is derived to describe nonlinear effects, including spectral broadening of pulses, in graphene surface plasmon (GSP) waveguides. A considerable spectral broadening of an initial 100 fs pulse with 0.5 mW peak power in a 25 nm wide and 150 nm long waveguide is demonstrated. The generated supercontinuum covers the spectral range from 6 μm to 13 μm .
Entering the Mindset of Violent Religious Activists
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark
Published: July 2015

How can one enter the mindset of religious activists whose worldview and values are different from one’s own? This is the challenge for analyzing contemporary violent religious movements and individuals around the world. This essay suggests guidelines, based on the author’s interview experience, for entering religious minds through informative encounters, relational knowledge, bracketing assumptions, and constructing a view of the whole.
Selective Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Organophosphorus Sensor Employing a Host-Guest Self-Assembly Monolayer of β-Cyclodextrin Derivative
Authors: Pan Yong , Mu Ning , Shao Shengyu , Yang Liu , Wang Wen , Xie Xiao , He Shitang
Published: July 2015

Self-assembly and molecular imprinting technologies are very attractive technologies for the development of artificial recognition systems and provide chemical recognition based on need and not happenstance. In this paper, we employed a b-cyclodextrin derivative surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor for detecting the chemical warfare agents (CWAs) sarin (O-Isoprophyl methylphosphonofluoridate, GB). Using sarin acid (isoprophyl hydrogen methylphosphonate) as an imprinting template, mono[6-deoxy-6-[(mercaptodecamethylene)thio]]-β-cyclodextrin was prepared by self-assembled method on one of the SAW oscillators. After templates’ removal, a sensitive and selective molecular imprinting (MIP) monolayer for GB was prepared. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to characterize this film. Comparing the detection results to GB by MIP film and non-MIP film, the molecularly imprinting effect was also proved. The resulting SAW sensor could detect sarin as low as 0.10 mg/m3 at room temperature and the frequency shift was about 300 Hz. The response frequency increased linearly with increasing sarin concentration in the range of 0.7 mg/m3~3.0 mg/m3. When sarin was detected under different temperatures, the SAW sensor exhibited outstanding sensitivity and reliability.
Development of a Plug-and-Play Monitoring System for Cabled Observatories in the East China Sea
Authors: Yu Yang , Xu Huiping , Xu Changwei
Published: July 2015

Seafloor observatories enable long term, continuous and multidisciplinary observations, promising major breakthroughs in marine environment research. The effort to remotely control in situ multidisciplinary equipment performing individual and cooperative tasks is both a challenge and a guarantee for the stable operations of functional observatories. With China starting to establish ocean observatory sensor networks, in this study we describe a monitoring system for cabled observatories in the East China Sea (ESOMS) that enables this effort in a plug and play way. An information oriented monitoring architecture for ESOMS was first introduced, derived from a layered control model for ocean observatory sensor network. The architecture contained three components and enabled bidirectional information flow of observation data and commands, based on which architecture components were designed to enable plug-and-play control within related model layers. A control method enabled by general junction box (GJB) and ocean sensor markup language (OSML) was thus proposed as the plug-and-play solution for implementing ESOMS. The GJB-OSML enabled control method (GOE Control Method) mainly actualized two processes, one of which was that the in situ GJB interfaced and represented every attached sensor as a Sensing Endpoint in the cabled observatory network. The other process was that the remote ESOMS utilized the same IP/Port related information modeled by OSML to create/operate a Function Node acted as agent of the in situ sensor. A case study for using ESOMS in the Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory was finally presented to prove its performance and applicability. Given this successful engineering trial, the ESOMS design and implementation could be applicable and beneficial for similar efforts in future construction of seafloor observatory network both at home and abroad.
Zn(II)-Coordinated Quantum Dot-FRET Nanosensors for the Detection of Protein Kinase Activity
Authors: Lim Butaek , Park Ji-In , Lee Kyung , Lee Jin-Won , Kim Tae-Wuk , Kim Young-Pil
Published: July 2015

We report a simple detection of protein kinase activity using Zn(II)-mediated fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots (QDs) and dye-tethered peptides. With neither complex chemical ligands nor surface modification of QDs, Zn(II) was the only metal ion that enabled the phosphorylated peptides to be strongly attached on the carboxyl groups of the QD surface via metal coordination, thus leading to a significant FRET efficiency. As a result, protein kinase activity in intermixed solution was efficiently detected by QD-FRET via Zn(II) coordination, especially when the peptide substrate was combined with affinity-based purification. We also found that mono- and di-phosphorylation in the peptide substrate could be discriminated by the Zn(II)-mediated QD-FRET. Our approach is expected to find applications for studying physiological function and signal transduction with respect to protein kinase activity.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of Gene Clusters for the Biosynthesis of Indole-Diterpenes in Penicillium crustosum and P. janthinellum
Authors: Nicholson Matthew , Eaton Carla , Stärkel Cornelia , Tapper Brian , Cox Murray , Scott Barry
Published: July 2015

The penitremane and janthitremane families of indole-diterpenes are abundant natural products synthesized by Penicillium crustosum and P. janthinellum. Using a combination of PCR, cosmid library screening, and Illumina sequencing we have identified gene clusters encoding enzymes for the synthesis of these compounds. Targeted deletion of penP in P. crustosum abolished the synthesis of penitrems A, B, D, E, and F, and led to accumulation of paspaline, a key intermediate for paxilline biosynthesis in P. paxilli. Similarly, deletion of janP and janD in P. janthinellum abolished the synthesis of prenyl-elaborated indole-diterpenes, and led to accumulation in the latter of 13-desoxypaxilline, a key intermediate for the synthesis of the structurally related aflatremanes synthesized by Aspergillus flavus. This study helps resolve the genetic basis for the complexity of indole-diterpene natural products found within the Penicillium and Aspergillus species. All indole-diterpene gene clusters identified to date have a core set of genes for the synthesis of paspaline and a suite of genes encoding multi-functional cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, FAD dependent monooxygenases, and prenyl transferases that catalyse various regio- and stereo- specific oxidations that give rise to the diversity of indole-diterpene products synthesized by this group of fungi.
International Contexts of War in Ukraine
Authors: Eichler Jan
Published: July 2015

The article deals with the international context of the latent war in Ukraine. It explains the recent history of the post-Soviet area in the light of Galutng's theory of positive and negative peace. It continues by the annexation of the Crimean peninsula and its international consequences. At the same time, it examines key features of the debate in the USA as well as other NATO countries. It focuses also the debate about the livraison of arms to the Ukrainian government and explains the arguments of proponents as well of the opponents of this controversial project.
Intuitive Decision Making as the Culmination of Continuing Education: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Payne Leslie Karns
Published: July 2015

The ability to make sound clinical decisions is the cornerstone of excellent nursing care and the goal of continuing nurse educators. Research has revealed that expert nurses make fewer errors in decision making; it also has shown differences in the decision-making process of expert nurses, compared with novice nurses. Specifically, expert nurses report a greater use of intuitive decision making. Accordingly, an important goal for continuing nurse educators is the development of intuitive decision making by nurses. This article proposes a pattern-based, constructivist educational framework that synthesizes Benner’s novice to expert (NTE) theory, Damascio’s somatic marker hypothesis (SMH), and Hammond’s cognitive continuum theory (CCT). This framework provides a foundation for continuing education that fosters the development of intuitive decision making in nurses. Although this framework needs further empirical validation, it is theoretically sound and applicable to all areas of nursing, and its implementation could help reduce errors in decision making by nurses, thus improving patient outcomes.

J Contin Educ Nurs. 2015;46(7):326–332.
Patient-Centered Leadership
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: July 2015

Patient-centered care has garnered new attention, as it is linked to health system reimbursement. The background for patient-centered care has evolved from a rich history of evidence, indicating that the patient experience matters. This article addresses the history of patient-centered care and the evidence supporting patient-centered leadership.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(7):297–298.
Incorporating Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Into Nursing Staff Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Kutzin Jared M. , Janicke Patricia
Published: July 2015

Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) is an innovative concept used to teach a sequence of predetermined skills to learners in a short period of time. When implemented correctly, learners build on their actions (deliberate practice) repeatedly, over a short period of time (rapid cycle). Incorporating RCDP into a nursing mandatory education program has improved both the satisfaction of the staff attending a mandatory education day and improved their response to patients in cardiac arrest.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(7):299–301.
Psychopharmacologic Agents to Enhance Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Atri Alireza , Stern Theodore A.
Published: July 2015

Cognitive dysfunction in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significantly affects their interactions, independence, behavior, health, wellness, and quality of life; care providers also experience quality of life issues as a result. This review summarizes clinical data on agents associated with cognitive enhancement in AD, particularly the currently approved anti-AD medications including the acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) and the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, memantine. Initiation and maintenance of stage-appropriate monotherapy or combination therapy with a ChEI and memantine provides the best pharmacologic approach to stem the expected inexorable course of cognitive decline. Discontinuation of agents that impair cognition and treatment of comorbid conditions (eg, sleep disorders, dehydration, depression, anxiety, pain, as well as metabolic, hormone, and vitamin derangements) may also improve cognition. The preponderance of evidence regarding ChEIs, memantine, and vitamin E strongly supports modest, but clinically relevant, “disease-course modifying” effects of cognitive enhancement (eg, improvement, stabilization, or shifting of the trajectory of cognitive or functional decline) in patients who receive appropriate and persistent treatment.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(7):354–367.]
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Diagnosis to Prognosis
Authors: Alperstein Warren , Boren Mary , McNeer Jennifer L.
Published: July 2015

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer. Although the appearance of the disease is often quite dramatic, there are many patients who present much more indolently, creating a diagnostic dilemma for the primary care pediatrician. The appropriate diagnostic work-up assesses the initial extent of disease and stability of a patient, and provides information that is important for risk stratification. Such information includes patient age and white blood cell count at diagnosis, leukemia immunophenotype, presence or absence of extramedullary disease, and blast cytogenetic abnormalities. After therapy is initiated, the response of the disease to treatment is key for predicting outcomes. Altogether, this information is used to guide overall treatment intensity. Chemotherapy is administered in sequential blocks or phases, and lasts for several years. In general, outcomes are excellent and the majority of patients survive, but there are still subsets of patients who do not fare as well, either due to resistant or recurrent disease, or due to long-term and late effects of therapy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(7):e168–e174.]
Diagnostic Criteria and Evaluation of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in the Neonate
Authors: Diamond Carrie E. , Sanchez Matthew J. , LaBelle James L.
Published: July 2015

Severe combined immunodeficiency disorders (SCID) are a group of primary immunodeficiencies resulting from any one of a diverse group of mutations impacting T-cell development. SCID is diagnosed and classified through assessment of the lymphocyte subset(s) affected and by the mechanisms responsible for the primary immune defect. Regardless of the genetics involved, patients invariably succumb to an early death without medical intervention. In the past, patients were primarily identified either by previous family history, physical manifestations, or after the onset of symptoms. However, the introduction of newborn screening for SCID has allowed the pediatrician to identify these patients at a much earlier age, greatly improving their survival. Currently, 23 states include SCID testing for T-cell deficiencies in their newborn screening platform. Protocols for confirmatory testing and medical intervention after a positive screen vary slightly from state-to-state. However, the standard curative treatment remains stem cell transplantation, although depending on the genetic cause of the disease, enzyme replacement and gene therapy may also be considered.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(7):e181–e187.]
Uncertainties Revisited
Authors: Huybrechts Liesbeth , Dreessen Katrien , Schepers Selina
Published: July 2015

In this article the authors use Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to explore the relationship between uncertainties in co-design processes and the quality of participation. They investigate discussion of uncertainties in social processes concerning the nature of actors, actions, objects, facts/matters of concern and the study of the social. To discuss uncertainties in co-design, and more specifically in infrastructuring processes, this article groups the diversity of articulations of the role and place of uncertainty in co-design into four uncertainty models: the (1) neoliberal uncertainty model, (2) uncertainty management model, (3) disruptive uncertainty model and (4) open uncertainty model. The authors qualitatively evaluate the relationship between the role and place of uncertainty in two infrastructuring processes in the domain of design for healthcare and the quality of these processes. They elaborate on how ANT supported them in developing a ‘lens' to assess how uncertainties hinder or contribute to the quality of participation.