bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Study of Spectrum of Liver Diseases in Alcoholic with Respect to Predictors of Severity and Prognosis
Authors: Parate Tilottama , Chavan Pankaj , Parate Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common cause of mortality in humans every year occurring due to overconsumption of alcohol. The spectrum of ALD includes fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of ALD can generally be made based on clinical and laboratory features alone in patients with a history of significant alcohol consumption. Prognostic scores such as Child-Pugh classification, MELD, MELD-Na, and Maddrey’s discriminant function (MDF) are used commonly to predict mortality in patients with ALD.The aim of the study is to evaluate the spectrum of liver diseases in alcoholic patients and factors predicting severity and prognosis in such patients.

Material and Methods:

This was a prospective, longitudinal and observational study conducted on 83 patients with ALD admitted in medicine inpatient department from January 2019 to December 2020. Demographic data, biochemical parameters, and clinical features of the patients were evaluated. From the data obtained prognostic scores of Child-Pugh classification, MELD, MELD-Na, and MDF were calculated. Patients were clinically evaluated and all the biochemical parameters and scores were assessed on admission and after the 7th and 30th days.

Results:

The majority of the patients were males (95.18%) with a mean age of 49.44 ± 7.67. The mean duration of hospital stay of the patients was 34.33 ± 12.98 and approximately 76% of the patients were still consuming alcohol at the time of hospitalisation. Jaundice and ascites were present in all 83 patients, and loss of appetite (85.5%) and nausea and vomiting (78.3%) were the most common clinical features. Complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (85.5%) and oesophageal varices (80.72%) were common on admission. MELD and MELD-Na score > 24 was found in 59 patients and discriminant function (DF) score was more than 32 in 81 patients. Mortality analysis showed that 6 (7.2%) patients died within 1 week of admission and MELD was found to be the best predictor of mortality compared to CTP, MELD-Na, and DF by 7 days. Thirty-two (38.5%) patients died within 30 days of admission. MELD-Na was found to be the best predictor of mortality compared to CTP, MELD, and DF by 30 days.

Conclusion:

The presence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, high bilirubin, low albumin, high creatinine, high INR, and low sodium is found to be independent predictors of mortality. MELD and MELD-Na are good predictors of mortality over the short-term (7–30 days).
A Rare Presentation of Coronary Aneurysm following Bare-metal Stent
Authors: Chirde Satish Rameshrao , Dalal Rajat S.
Published: August 2022

We present a case of post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with a bare-metal stent to the right coronary artery (RCA). He presented with acute ST-elevation inferior wall myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed an aneurysm of proximal RCA extending from the proximal end of the stent to the distal end. There was a 90% discrete lesion beyond the stent with TIMI III flow. The development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) was reported even before the era of stents. CAA can develop after plain balloon angioplasty, after directional coronary atherectomy, and after bare-metal and drug-eluting stents also but not after coronary angiography. Kachru et al. reported an incidence of 0.2% (4 of 2408) per DES without routine angiographic follow-up and Rha et al. reported an incidence of 1.7% (five out of 296) per patient at 6-month routine angiographic follow-up. CAA is an uncommon and often accidental finding, we report a case of CAA which presented as acute myocardial infarction mimicking stent thrombosis.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF MARKETING SPECIALISTS DURING THE STUDY OF ENGLISH
Authors: Romanіuk Svitlana , Denysiuk Liliia , Danilova Nataliia
Published: August 2022

In the context of accelerating integration and globalization processes, English is a key competence of modern professionals. The development of international relations, the active introduction of foreign experience in various spheres of public life and other globalization trends determine the need for the formation of higher education student’s skills and abilities of academic and professional foreign language communication. The purpose of learning English is not only to master it as a means of communication, but also to acquire professionally oriented foreign language competence for the successful implementation of further professional activities. The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of English-language communicative competence in the training of marketers. It is established that the growing market demand for marketing professionals has led to an expansion of the offer of educational services in this area. The purpose of the article is to investigate the main scientific approaches to the formation of communicative competence of marketers in the process of learning English and to determine the main components of English communicative competence, methods of its formation. Communicative competence is seen as a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as the ability to apply them for effectively communication in certain communicative situations. One of the most important communicative competencies of a future marketer is knowledge of a foreign language: the ability to read professional literature, communicate with business partners, write and study in a foreign language. It is determined that the basic scientific approaches to the formation of communicative competence in marketers are competence, cultural and systemic. It is substantiated that a modern English teacher should have a wide range of teaching methods and technologies, which will facilitate the satisfaction of educational needs of higher education students.
VERBAL REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT DEMOCRATIC VALUES IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF B. OBAMA
Authors: Khudoliy Anatoliy
Published: August 2022

Objective. The paper focuses on the concept Democratic values identified in speeches of ex-American president B. Obama. The concept serves as a mental foundation of American policy. Materials and Methods. The research represented in this paper is based on the analysis of the speeches delivered by Barack Obama during 2009-2011. Cognitive analysis helped to reconstruct American politician’s ideas about his perception of the world, political issues and the system of values. Context-situational method was useful for context interpretation of the speeches of the politician. Content analysis helped to identify notions related to the concept Democratic values. Results. Analyses of the selected speeches proved that the concept Democratic Values is an important part of American political culture. It is represented by lexemes. We described it in terms of lexico-semantic field that consists of the core and the periphery. The core covers the prototypical layers with most frequent units while less frequent units with more abstract features gravitate to the periphery of the concept. The notion of the concept Democratic values is regularly reproduced by American leader. The concept is quite stable and easily recognized. Conclusions. The concept Democratic values is logically structured. The concept is a combination of cultural and political marking, responsible for storage and transfer of data. The concept Democratic values has nation-specific features, it is a reflection of American political culture. The concept is codified in the consciousness of Americans, that’s why lexemes of the concept are widely used by American politicians. As an integral part of American mentality, the concept Democratic values affects not only the perception of American people, but also foreign policy of the USA.
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND E-LEARNING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS AND LECTURERS
Authors: Smal Oksana
Published: August 2022

The spread of COVID-19 poses a threat to humanity, as this pandemic has forced many global activities to close, including educational activities. To reduce the spread of the virus, education institutions have been forced to switch to E-learning using intelligible and free educational platforms, despite the challenges facing this sudden transformation. The focus of this study is E-learning from the perspective of students and teachers on the use and implementation of E-learning systems in higher education institutions (HEIs) in foreign language teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to identify issues related to the use, advantages, disadvantages and barriers of E-learning programs at the university by comparing the views of students and teachers who use this method of learning in long-term unusual circumstances. Four aspects were identified and characterized, namely: the extent of the use of E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the advantages, disadvantages and obstacles of implementing E-learning in foreign language learning in in higher education institutions. In the course of our research, we have achieved some results that shed light on some of the problems, challenges and benefits of using E-learning systems instead of traditional education in higher education institutions in general and during emergencies. The most popular programs among teachers for online classes were highlighted and characterized in this article.
PECULIARITIES OF PHONETIC FORMATION ASPECT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A COMMUNICATIVE-LINGUISTIC SUBCOMPETENCY OF STUDENTS-PHILOLOGISTS AT LANGUAGE TRAINING HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Stetsko Iryna , Nychko Oksana
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the substantiation of theoretical aspects of teaching English phonetic competence. Its definitions and its structural components are given. The ways and methods of teaching phonetic competence that favour the development of pronunciation skills as part of the overall process of speech skills and abilities development in the process of learning a foreign language are identified. It has been proven that phonetic skills can be considered to be formed when phonemic hearing developed and connections established between the auditory and acoustic and phonemic aspects of speech, as a result of which the language acquires a sufficient degree of accuracy. A number of prerequisites for successful learning of phonetic material are examined: formation of auditory processing, rhythm and intonational skills, i.e. ability to listen and hear, development of phonemic hearing, pronunciation skills, i.e. automaticity of articulation base of a foreign language, ways of intonation, development of internal speech as a psychophysiological basis for external speech. The research is focused on the stages and content of pronunciation learning, which includes mastering the necessary knowledge of pronunciation of individual sounds and phrases, the formation of automaticity of sounds and sound combination perception, i.e. the shaping of their auditory images, assimilating the mechanisms of sounds and sound combination articulation – the need to get acquainted with intonation, phrasal stress and rhythm of a foreign language. The study aims the importance of adjusting the phonetic skills that the students have already acquired in accordance with the phonetic system of the language under study and the need to supplement it with those elements of pronunciation that are absent in the native language or a second one. The article presents examples of exercises for practice and correct phonetic design of different statement types. Fragments of formation of receptive rhythmic and intonation skills at training ascending and descending intonation to improve professionally oriented phonetic competency are illustrated.
PERIPHRASIS: A WAY TO SPEAK «DIFFERENTLY» AMONG PRECIOUS FRENCH AUTHORS
Authors: Gurmak Yuliya , Klyufinska Iryna
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the verbal presentation, stylistic characteristics and types of periphrasis and analysis of its use in fiction. Periphrasis is situated precisely within the framework of both linguistic and socio-cultural phenomena, which, while retaining their main characteristics, experience cultural and social influences, reflecting the development of human perceptions, expectations and instincts. Complexity of semantic structure of periphrasis, thanks to which the speech becomes richer and much more interesting, always attracts the attention of linguists. Periphrasis is a dynamic and interesting stylistic figure that gives a descriptive representation of objects, phenomena or people rather than their direct names. Periphrasis is semantically loaded and conveys not only the information message, but also its emotionally expressive and evaluative characteristics. This stylistic figure is used in fiction and by its types and functions it is close to euphemisms, metaphors, antiphrasis, and neologisms. Theoretical information about this artistic method is illustrated with examples from the texts of French authors of the period of preciosity. Periphrastic description served precious authors to «code» their works so that they became inaccessible to everyone. The article also presents the attempt to classify the periphrases used by precious authors according to semantic categories and to their role in the text, which helps to «put order» in the figurative lexicon of the precious and prove the seriousness of the precious language. In addition, the periphrasis is considered not only as a linguistic phenomenon, but also as the one of general culture.
STYLISTICS OF YURIY KOSACH NOVEL «THE RULER OF PONTIDA»
Authors: Zviahina Hanna , Solyanenko Olena
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of Yuriy Kosach adventure novel «The ruler of Pontida». It identifies its idea and issues, the place of this genre in the system of genre modifications and among the historical works of the author. A specific form of the work ‒ diary affects the merging of the image of the narrator and the image of the author. The novel is written on behalf of an imaginary historical figure using the «book» language of the XVIII century, which the author preserves with minor edits. All this determines the use of specific language tools that determine the style of the work and the features of individual authorial style. We consider Latinisms, Makaronizms, Polonisms and author’s neologisms which are forming the lexica of the work. We also study phraseological units, which are classified by origin and method of use. Foreign language borrowings call particular interest. The author submits them with an explanation or translation. We investigated transformed or individually-authorial novel’s phraseology. Attention is paid to stylistic figures in the novel and the purpose of their use. In particular, such as gradation, aposiopesis, polysyndeton, asyndeton, pleonasm, tautology, repetition, paronomasia, antithesis, rhetorical question, question and answer are considered. Among the syntactic means insert words are considered and six groups are distinguished in terms of their meaning. Attention is paid to the inserted constructions, ways of their introduction, structural expression (phrases, simple and different types of complex sentences) and complications (question marks, exclamations, citations and phrases). Their combination and sentences saturation by them are noted.
THE IMAGE OF MEXICO IN B. TRAVEN’S NOVEL «COTTON PICKERS»
Authors: Mandryko Olga
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the components of the image of Mexico in the novel «Cotton pickers» («Die Baumwollpflücker», 1925) by German writer B. Traven. This research introduces «Cotton pickers» as the first artistic acquaintance with Mexico for the Ukrainian readers in the year 1930, and clarifies the place of the novel in the Ukrainian culture of that time. The author aims to analyze the novel «Cotton pickers» as a «laboratory» of Mexican imagery of the writer and to trace the transformations of the figurative representations of this country. Depicting his hero in constant motion in search of work, the writer creates a unique image of Mexico, which mutually reflects society and geography, human habits and animal behavior, working conditions and climate. The research investigates the topic of labor in the novel and analyzes the socio-political attitude of its author. The article describes different ethnical images, presented by B. Traven, such as Germans, French, Indians, Americans. The research determines the direction of thematic development of the novel: from the description of strikes and difficult working conditions to the apotheosis of the beauty of Mexico and its inhabitants. Images of cotton pickers, confectioners, waiters, cattle drivers as well as bandits and whores are considered. The article analyzes the writer’s style, characterized by detailed descriptions of places, food, dances, city orchestras, railway stations. The scientific article shows the leading topos of B. Traven’s novels, including Mexican landscapes, streets and squares of Tampico, hostel, train, oil production etc. It is argued that the theme of the novel is broader than its title: the author creates an anthem for the country, summarizing its image in the dimensions of love and glorification. The research concluded that the content of the German novel reflects its task in the Ukrainian culture of the time: to present a realistic, true, devoid of exotic story about the overseas country.
WAYS TO DEVELOP FUTURE SEAFARERS’ SOFT SKILLS AT ESP CLASSES
Authors: Didenko Maria , Sybirko Oksana
Published: August 2022

The paper is aimed to explore the available resources that a foreign language teacher can apply daily to meet higher education standards and develop soft skills as an integral part of the professional education of modern experts, and as a consequence, a tool for globalization and entry of the country the world stage. We conducted a theoretical analysis of the relevant resources and studied the requirements for modern specialists in terms of mastering soft skills. This led us to a symbiotic inclusion of linguistic approach to texts, vocabulary related to the field of future professionals, as well as skill formation approach to achieve the goals of professional education. We try to include the development of cooperation, motivation, decision making, prioritizing and self-development. Thus, we see that foreign languages are a good platform for the development of not only hard skills but also soft skills. The ability to discuss in English, express and prove your point of view, successfully address international issues are a powerful advantage in the competitive selection of specialists in any field in the labour market today. Active listening and critical thinking together with communication skills are the must-have abilities during English classes in a high educational establishment.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOICE OF THE TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF FUTURE ENGLISH TEACHERS
Authors: Khrystych Nina , Borysova Nataliia
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of the scientific research on the choice of effective technologies for teaching future English teachers. Under the concept of «teaching technology» the author understands the sequence of actions of a teacher and a student to achieve the educational goals in the study of the subject, which involves the use of a set of forms, methods and tools for implementing the content of education. The need to find the new teaching technologies is due, on the one hand, to the growing role of digital technologies in searching for information, the emergence of a large number of the open educational resources, and, on the other hand, to the limitations of face-to-face communication because of the Covid-19 pandemic. According to the author, the active use of digital teaching technologies significantly expands the possibilities of integrating traditional and innovative teaching tools in the process of teaching English. The main task of today’s Philology teacher is the necessity to vary the traditional methods of teaching the language with the modern effective teaching methods. Its realization can be possible mainly through the use of information and communication technologies. Based on the generalization of the positive experience in the use of traditional and innovative technologies in the process of forming English competence of the applicants for higher education, the author argues that teachers have an extensive experience in traditional teaching technologies, namely: explanatory-illustrative, problem-based, programmed and differentiated teaching technologies. The author proposes a rational integration of classical and modern methods of teaching English in higher education institutions. The author identifies the didactic and systemtechnical factors that influence on the choice of a particular technology in order to intensify the process of teaching English in the context of blended learning and analyzes the methods and techniques of presenting the new material using the traditional and innovative teaching technologies.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE DESIGN OF ONLINE LANGUAGE TEACHING THROUGH ZOOM
Authors: Rozhdestvenska Iryna , Cherniavska Olena
Published: August 2022

Since 2020, because of the Covid 19 pandemic, university education has been converted to a flipped classroom format, integrating asynchronous and synchronous forms. The change in the concept of learning required teachers to construct new lessons’ designs. Rethinking the didactic approach led us to choose social constructivism as a pedagogical method. The main points of social constructivism used in this article are: learning is learner-centered process; design of learning scenario is built to develop problem-solving, decision-making and innovation capabilities of students; interaction and collaboration play very important role in the learning process; knowledge is co-constructed during interaction with other people. We concluded that communicating about health care during a time of pandemic is a necessary sociocultural competence. Using communicative approaches (task-based and content and language integrated), a structured task was designed. The students worked synchronously on the Zoom platform on the topic “How to survive during pandemic Covid19?” They were offered to complete tasks that involved in-depth vocabulary study and developed skills of reception, production, interaction and mediation. Then, using Zoom’ breakout rooms function, the students were able to practice interviewing about the symptoms of diseases, simulating a dialogue with a doctor. Having learnt the vocabulary necessary for effective communication, at the next stage the students independently wrote a text on a given topic, as suggested by the homework assignment. This task fully realized the possibilities of the creative task to construct meaning. The results showed that using Zoom to develop sociocultural competencies for an online class offers students the needed opportunities for successful vocabulary acquisition.
PECULIARITIES OF A FOREIGN LITERATURE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Shtokhman Liliia M.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issue of teaching foreign literature. The role of literature in a classroom has been re-assessed recently and many now view literary texts as providing rich linguistic input, effective stimuli for students to express themselves in other languages and a potential source of learner motivation. The literature used in classrooms today is no longer restricted to canonical texts from certain countries e.g. UK, USA, but includes the work of writers from a diverse range of countries and cultures using different forms of English. Literary texts can be studied in their original forms or in simplified or abridged versions. An increasing number of stories in English are written specifically for learners of other languages. Literary texts provide opportunities for multi-sensorial classroom experiences and can appeal to learners with different learning styles. Literary texts offer a rich source of linguistic input and can help learners to practise the four skills – speaking, listening, reading and writing – in addition to exemplifying grammatical structures and presenting new vocabulary. Teachers should be ready to provide a background for the reading to take place. In an ideal situation, the preparation would help motivate the student to want to read, and a bit of creative imagination would also be required here.
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF AMERICAN AND UKRAINIAN STUDENT SLANG
Authors: Novoseletska Svitlana , Yakovchuk Tetiana
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes specific features of the use and functioning of youth slang in the United States and Ukraine. The origin of the concept of “slang” is covered, its types, semantic and functional characteristics of slang units, identification of semantic differences between slang and other layers of narrow vocabulary, features of their categories are named and slang terms in different areas are studied. Slang – which is below the standard; these words do not use the standard language or they have their own meaning. Slang words and expressions are emotional and often used as metaphors. Slang is a word, a vocabulary that changes very quickly. If a word is found to lose its novelty, it is replaced by new slang. This is a person’s vocabulary. Slang is characterized by the fact that it is always updated. Youth slang is characterized by liveliness, flexibility and unexpected wit. Slang is a constant formation of words that uses the principle of language play. It has been studied that slang is popular among young people. Young people live slang in everyday life because they strive to be modern and stylish. Many people use slang, any other means of communication.
THE GERMAN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT BASED ON LOANWORDS
Authors: Rys Larysa , Pasyk Lyudmyla , Bondarchuk Olena
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of lexical changes in the German language vocabulary, caused by loanwords. The research material is based on the last decade neologisms, which have come into the German language under the influence of foreign languages. They have been selected from the online dictionary of neologisms on the IDS OWID Internet portal using the continuous sampling method and classified according to the type of formation and morphological characteristics. It has been defined that more than half of loanwords are loanwords taken directly from foreign languages; others are reproduced by the German language according to foreign language models or are formed according to German structures using borrowed elements of word-formation. Semantic changes in lexical units under the influence of foreign languages are less frequent. According to the forms of loanwords, the following types are singled out: new loanwords, new linguistic calques, new linguistic half-calques, new meanings (first of all, borrowed ones) and derivational constructions based on borrowed derivational elements. Most loanwords come from the English language or are based on English examples. The lexical units borrowed from the English language are integrated into the German system of language and may be morphologically segmented relatively easily, which allows including them into the German system of word-formation. Linguistic calques, linguistic half-calques and derivational constructions based on borrowed derivational elements are considered to be the areas of the processes of borrowing and word-formation overlapping in the process on vocabulary enrichment. The borrowed lexical units are widely used in the German word-formation in the context of composition, less frequently – in derivation and contamination. Vocabulary enrichment occurs in different spheres of social life and is closely connected with changes in these spheres.
LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MODELS OF NADIYKA GERBISH’S EPITHET CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Dudenko Olena V.
Published: August 2022

The works of Nadiyka Gerbish, a young Ukrainian writer, have already gained recognition, but have little been studied. The article reveals the specifics of this author’s epithet constructions, in particular their lexical and grammatical models in the artistic discourse of short stories in the collection “Warm stories for coffee”. The article is based on a broad view of epithets considered not only as artistic definitions-adjectives that serve to describe objects (O. Veselovskyi, V. Zhyrmunskyi, V. Moskvin, etc.), but also as circumstances that “figuratively depict the action or the phenomenon or express an emotional attitude to them” (L. Matsko, and I. Arnold, L. Bulakhovskyi, O. Ponomariv, O. Selivanova, etc.). It is noted that in the writer’s artistic discourse the epithet-adjective is not the only model of expression, as the short stories of the collection contain epithets denoted by adverbs, nouns, noun-prepositional constructions, adjective and participial clauses. The study pay special attention to the epithets of the substantive nature known as occasional as they perform the function of attribute expressed by noun, as well as to constructions represented by nouns in genitive or instrumental case that function as uncoordinated attributes. The author often uses cross-cutting epithets (repeated many times in the same context), chains of epithet constructions (when one object is marked by two, three or more epithets that reinforce each other). It is stated that the writer applies permanent and free, common and the author’s epithets. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the writer’s epithet constructions allow to state that the epithet is one of the dominants of Nadiyka Gerbish’s idiostyle.
BORROWINGS IN THE LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUP "CLOTHES AND FOOTWEAR" (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF ACTIVE VOCABULARY OF MODERN STUDENTS)
Authors: Klymova Kateryna
Published: August 2022

The article describes lexical units of foreign origin denoting the names of modern clothes and shoes. From the point of view of sociolinguistics, the author examines the speech of Ukrainian students, using the examination method. The analysis of the respondents' answers showed: 1) the tendency reflected in the active vocabulary of students to choose comfortable and universal clothes in the style of unisex; 2) a significant amount of barbarism in the names of youth clothing and footwear, due to globalization in the fashion industry; 3) unclear interpretations, despite the active mechanical memorization by students of borrowed lexical units; 4) fewer borrowed lexical units to denote outerwear compared to the names of casual / sports off-season and summer clothing / footwear; 5) Usage of different names of containers for the accessories; 6) Active usage of the names of military clothing and footwear of the Armed Forces, among which a small number of borrowings. Based on sociolinguistic research, the author draws a general conclusion about the influence of borrowed vocabulary on the active vocabulary of future professionals within the lexical-semantic group "Clothing and Footwear" and outlines prospects for researching other aspects of the global picture in the minds of modern Ukrainian students.
TARAS SHEVCHENKO’S IDEOLOGIC MAXIMS OF IN THE PERCEPTION OF DMYTRO DONTSOV
Authors: Mykytyuk Oksana
Published: August 2022

The study analyzes D. Dontsov's deep interest in Ukrainian history, in particular Cossacks’ and the Hetmans’ times, and his search for ideas that are basic for the life of the state. One of the defining aspects of argumentation in Dontsov's texts are the individualі in whose views he found worldview kinship or saw complete incompatibility. The basis for the creation of D. Dontsov’s ideological guidelines is Taras Shevchenko personage. It is proved that the linguistic and political worldview of Dontsov's linguoperson is an ideological continuation of T. Shevchenko's thoughts. The article offers the following interpretation of the term “maxim”: an individual speech symbol, used mostly with a positive connotation, which the author presents as an ideological dominant. For example, the maxim ‘truth’ is important for building an independent state, the maxim ‘faith’ is a source of spirituality, the maxim ‘strength’ is revealed as an expression of the Cossack heroic past. It is important that T. Shevchenko and D. Dontsov advocate the worldview of struggle, and the maxim of ‘love’ is inextricably linked with Ukraine. It has been shown that both thinkers form a national spirit and inspire faith in God's providence. It is established that the figure of Shevchenko is the core for the formation of the D. Dontsov’s individual-authorial worldview. The urgency of Taras Shevchenko's ideological maxims through the prism of Dontsov's linguoperson makes it possible to learn from our history. On the basis of D. Dontsov's vivid journalism is reproduced the socio-political and cultural-historical background of the epoch, and the nation-building ideas on which the he relied in his culturological and national-philosophical works are shown.
THE LANGUAGE HORIZONS (LINGUOSYNERGETICS) OF MYKOLA VINGRANOVSKYI’S IDOLOGY
Authors: Mirchenko Mykola V.
Published: August 2022

Among the linguistic studies of recent decades, synergetic studies posess a prominent place, the literary text in which, is interpreted as an open nonlinear dynamic system. It should be noted that linguosynergetics studies and analyzes the language-speech system and the language personality of the author as a complex, open, nonlinear system, which algorithm ensures the interaction of its own subsystems and external factors of the ethnos, its culture and society. The aim of the article is to analyze the figurative language palette of Mykola Vingranovskyi’s idiosyncrasy, comprehending his connection of the energy of cognition into the word he created. It is focused on linguosynergetics, the energy of the word through the prism of the author's work, the author's aphorisms, which convey the unique semantics, affect the emotions, the aesthetic tastes of a person who partakes by the poetic language of the author.
NOTION SEXISM IN THE TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF HUMANITARISTICS AND GENDER LINGUISTICS
Authors: Patriarkh Viktoriia
Published: August 2022

The language functions in the sociological context and creates different types of its` correlation with the main social institutions, connected with the actualization of the gender and sexism problem. These notions are reflected in the language, being actively studied in the sphere of gender linguistics, which is considered to be one of the main spheres in the system of humanitaristics. Gender linguistics has the status of a new linguistic branch, which brought a lot of underinvestigated problems. This research is dedicated to the studying of interpretation peculiarities of such terms as sexism and sexism in language in the modern scientific discourse, especially in the linguistic one. The interpretation of these terms and the definitions, fixed in dictionaries of terms and a thesaurus, are singled out on the different stages of the actualized problem for the analysis. The interpretation of such terms as sexism and sexism in language with their correlated notions are highlighted here. Two different approaches of sexism interpretation are observed, being widespread among the representatives of feminism in linguistics. The actualization of sexism is highlighted by the corresponding verbal and non-verbal means. Attained results and conclusions will help us to create a special terminological dictionary of gender linguistics.
PECULIARITIES OF VERBALIZATION OF A SEPARATE GUSTATORY COMPONENT IN A LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Shymanska Viktoriia
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of lexical compounds with a component of synesthesia perception. The relevance of the intelligence is not disputed given that mental basis of the nomination cannot be narrowed to the interests of ethnolinguistics, as the nomination of qualitative categories reveals not only national specifics of the text, but must be considered through the prism of an individual cognition with its subjective and effective factors of world perception as a certain domain of the conceptual and linguistic view of the world of a particular ethnic group. The article emphasizes that the construction of lexical compounds with a component of taste (“sweet”) is based largely on a motivated secondary nomination, generated by the brainwork of an individual, who somehow absorbs into his language creativity basic definitions and concepts of his nation. It is proved that the loss of “gustativity” of lexical compounds with the component “sweet” is due to rethinking direct nomination by layering additional semantic nuances and associative series, resulting in new metaphorical combinations with a certain assessment of a particular phenomenon or fact, which most vividly express both the peculiarities of the national mentality and the specifics of the language personality. It is determined that synesthesia worldview contributes not only to the formation of non-standard ideas about the world around us, but also generates further in-depth interest of researchers from different fields of knowledge about the existence of the concept of “objective reality”; emphasizes the definition of facts, processes, actions, qualities and gives them an original qualitative feature; allows fine differentiation of human states; organizes unexpected principles of lexical cohesion of literary speech, which, in turn, certainly nourishes the language.
THE PHENOMENON OF TRANSITIONAL PARTS OF SPEECH IN MODERN UKRAINIAN GRAMMAR SCIENCE
Authors: Knight Nadiia
Published: August 2022

All parts of speech belong to a single lexical and grammatical system, but are not closed categories of words – there are certain relationships and close connections between them. These natural relationships are manifested primarily in the transitions and transformations of one part of speech into another. Transients characterize the transformation in the system, the development of language, its life. Without them, the system would freeze, become immobile. In the modern Ukrainian language, as well as in other modern Slavic languages, there are many transitional phenomena. They cover the scope of almost all parts of speech. The problem of transition in the field of parts of speech is one of the most actual in modern linguistics. It originated in the XIX century, but linguists increased attention to it only in the twentieth century. Investigating the process of transition, scientists use different terms to denote it: transition (V. Vinogradov, A. Vostokov, N. Grech, G. Pavsky), transitionity (A. Bednyakov, N. Kalamova, M. Lukin), diachronic transformation (B Migirin, E. Sidorenko), transposition (O. Kim, V. Nikitevych), conversion (O. Smyrnytsky, V. Sobolev). Our research is based on the updated semantic-morphological-syntactic classification of parts of speech of functional-categorical grammar of I. R. Vykhovanets, as well as on productive theoretical ideas, which is the result of generalization of national and world linguistic achievements. Ivan Vykhovanets distinguishes three components of the process of transposition: transposed – the initial source form of the word, transpositor – a means of transition, transposite – a newly formed derivative form of the word, the result of the transition. Depending on the nature of changes in the word, and which transposer participated in the formation of a new word, researchers who support the studies of functional-category grammar, distinguish three main degrees of transposition (syntactic, morphological and semantic). The phenomenon of morphological transposition can be achieved by adding a morpheme or affix (affixation) or changing only the paradigm of the word without formal changes (conversion).
TRANSFORMATION OF EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY IN FOREIGN LITERATURE OF THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE WORKS OF R. BACH AND P. COELHO)
Authors: Ozdemir Oksana
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issue of transformation of existential philosophical issues in foreign literature of the late 20th century, on the example of the works of R. Bach (“Jonathan Livingston Seagull”, “Illusions”) and P. Coelho (“The Alchemist”, “Veronika Decides to Die”) in particular. The specifics of the study of this problem in domestic and foreign literary criticism are analysed and the relevance and prospects of further research in this field are clarified since arising at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries existential issues continue to actively pulsate in foreign literature of the turn of 20th–21st centuries, serving as one of the unifying factors of the literature of modernism and postmodernism. Existentialists closely ask the question of how and in what sphere a person can find confidence, that is, to find his true purpose (being) and its meaning. This is the most important issue of humanity in all periods of its existence, but attention to it is increasing in transitional moments, moments of change, when the anxiety for the future, tomorrow is growing. It is in this transitional period of the turn of the twentieth and nineteenth centuries that R. Bach and P. Coelho wrote their works, intensifying this issue with them. In the works of R. Bach and P. Coelho the existential problems are pronounced, namely: the search for the truth of existence through the prism of their own existence, freedom of choice, responsibility for their choice, the existence of God, “borderline situation”, death and more. In each of them they are revealed in their own way. Both writers emphasize the importance of knowing one’s “Self”: R. Bach – through the constant pursuit of perfection, P. Coelho – through the realization of dreams, both ways, in their opinion, in fact, are “the way to yourself”. The difference between the views of both writers from the views of existentialists of the early 20th century mainly consists of a life-affirming, optimistic conception of man’s place in the world and how he perceives this world. R. Bach and P. Coelho insist that life can be what we want it to be.
LINGUISTIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF ARGUMENTATIVE IMPACT ON THE ADDRESSEE IN THE ENGLISH ADVERTISING DISCOURSE
Authors: Makiedonova Olha
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the speech implementation of the strategy of argumentative impact on the addressee in the English advertising discourse, which is a combination of peculiarly organized texts, which according to the type of speech impact are conditionally divided into informative, argumentative, suggestive and manipulative. The strategy of argumentative impact is to convince the addressee of the feasibility of choosing a particular product (service), based on the use of rational and psychological arguments and is implemented through appropriate tactics. Tactics of creating a logical chain involves the use of logical arguments aimed at highlighting the important properties of the product (service). Tactics of detailing is a thorough description of the positive characteristics of the product (service) with the involvement of factual information. Tactics of motivation is to highlight an important motive, because it is the motive is an internal psychological state that motivates the individual to take action. Typical linguistic and stylistic means of implementing tactics of argumentative strategy are usually the use of neologisms to denote favorable arguments to the addressee, numerals with specific clarifications, syntactic constructions with subordinate causes, goals, modes of action, expressing logical arguments, sentences with homogeneous components.
Effect of Dead Space Reduction in Pilonidal Sinus Surgery: Introduction of a Novel Technique
Authors: Kartal Abdulcabbar , Yalçın Metin , Kıvılcım Taner , Uzunköy Ali
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Pilonidal sinus (PNS) disease affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the natal cleft of the buttocks. The treatment is variable and depends on presentation and the extent of disease. The mainstay of surgical management for PNS disease is to excise all sinus tracts and pits. There are numerous surgical techniques and none of them are considered optimal. Residual dead space is responsible for the majority of complications in PNS surgery. Objective. In this study, the authors describe a modified technique of the Karydakis procedure and investigate the effects of this new method. Materials and Methods. In this trial, 80 patients were included between January 2014 and January 2015. A new technique in PNS surgery, which can be described as a modified Karydakis procedure, was performed. In this technique, following total sinus excision, the excised defect was closed with the standard Karydakis method, but in order to reduce the dead space under the standard Karydakis flap, an advancement tissue flap with additional skin excision was performed. During a mean follow-up period of 20 months, some complications occurred, including wound dehiscence, the formation of a seroma, the formation of a hematoma, and infection. These complications were monitored. Results. There were 19 female and 61 male patients with a mean age of 24 years (range, 18–49 years). The mean volume of the sinus was 26 cc (range, 8–80 cc). A total of 10 patients (12.5%) experienced complications. All complications were managed successfully with follow-up treatment and appropriate wound care. Conclusions. The results of this pilot study suggest this technique may be considered as an alternative surgical method in PNS surgery, provided the results are corroborated by further randomized controlled trials.
Performance of Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix vs Collagen-chondroitin Silicone Bilayer Dermal Regeneration Substitutes in Soft Tissue Wound Healing: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wu Shannon , Wells Michael , Ascha Mona , Gatherwright James , Chepla Kyle
Published: August 2022

Introduction. This study compared outcomes of soft tissue reconstruction using biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) and collagen-chondroitin silicone (CCS) skin substitutes. Objective. In this study, the authors compared wound healing rates and complication rates between BTM and CCS. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study reviewed outcomes for adult patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with either BTM or CCS skin substitutes between 2015 and 2020. Demographics, wound characteristics, surgical details, and complications were recorded. Results. Ninety-seven patients were included, of whom 51 (52.6%) were treated with BTM graft and 46 (47.4%) with CCS bilayer graft. The mean patient age was 48.2 years (range, 18–93 years). Wound etiologies included burn, trauma, iatrogenic, compartment syndrome, skin cancer, and osteomyelitis. The median template size was 147 cm2 and 100 cm2 for BTM and CCS, respectively (P =.337). Skin grafts were applied to 39 patients (84.8%) treated with CCS compared with 28 (54.9%) treated with BTM (P =.006); the remaining wounds healing secondarily. The template-related and skin graft-related complications of infection, dehiscence, and hematoma or seroma were comparable between groups. The rate of skin graft failure was significantly higher in the CCS cohort (n = 9 [23.1%]) compared with the BTM group (n = 1 [3.6%]) (P =.006). More secondary procedures were required after CCS placement (mean ± standard deviation, 1.9 ± 1.8; range, 0–9) than after BTM (mean, 1.0 ± 0.9; range 0–4) (P =.002). There was no statistical significance in the frequency of definitive closure between BTM and CCS (n = 31 [60.8%] vs n = 28 [60.9%], respectively; P =.655). Conclusions. Compared with CCS, BTM had comparable closure and complication rates and required fewer secondary procedures and/or subsequent skin grafting.