bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Study of Steroidal Sapogenin â€œTigogeninâ€ Present in the Leaves of Agave americana Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: M. Abrahem Ruaa , J. Awad Zainab
Published: September 2022

The presence of the most important steroidal sapogenin â€œTigogeninâ€ in the leaves of Agave americana  cultivated in Iraq was detected. The absence of any study concerning the Tigogenin content of this medicinal plant in Iraq, and the industrial importance of Tigogenin depending on its role as a precursor in the synthesis of some steroidal drugs, acquired this study its value. This search include extraction,  isolation,  purification and dentification of Tigogenin from the leaves of Agave americana. Extraction of this compound was carried out using two methods. Identification of this compound is carried out by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) where three different mobile phase have been used. Detection is done by using  Libermann â€“ Burchard reagent .High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also used  for further identification of tigogenin and then this steroidal saponin was isolated and purified. Isolated Tigogenin  is identified by using Thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (M.P.),  Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . This study confirms the presence of Tigogenin in the leaves of Agave americana cultivated in Iraq. Also the result of this study showed that the  second extraction method is better, because the amount of  both tigogenin and extract obtained from method No.2 are  more than one extraction method.

Key words : Agave americana , Steroidal saponin , Tigogenin.
Preparation and Characterization of Montelukast Sodium ( SMLT ) as a Dual Sustained Release Buccal Strips
Authors: I.Khalil Yehia
Published: September 2022

An oral bi layer  sustained release (SR) strips of Sodium  Montelukast SMLT , which is selective  leukotriene  antagonist  , used  for  patients  suffered from mid-night asthma , were prepared successfully ,using different polymers, like guar  gum , carrageenan , and xanthan gum , by solvent casting method .

The results obtained by this study revealed  ,that best  fast  dissolving  film of  SMLT was  loaded  in carrageenan   polymer 57%  w\w (30mg.) ,  with  acceptable  physical properties, like film thickness , elastic endurance and  surface pH  .

Besides  to that , the  disintegration  time , and  cumulative  80%   drug  release  were estimated  22 seconds and 3.7 minutes , respectively .On the other hand , the sustained release film ( FSR6-7 )  as a second layer , appear to be the most promised  layer of SMLT loaded in 50 % w\w  (15mg.) PVP K17 , with respect to its film thickness, elastic endurance and , surface pH .

Moreover the , the disintegration time of the second layer film was 21seconds , and the time for 50% drug release  was 15 minutes  extended  for 4hours of 100% drug release .

Meanwhile , the  investigation of possible  interference  between the  drug , and, polymers used  revealed  no evidence of this effect ,using FTIR  , and SEM  technique . In an attempt to evaluate the extended release effect of the selected formula , SingulairÂ® plain tablet  as a marketed product was used , the result gave  more  than 4 hours  of  selected formula , compared with  30 minutes to marketed product SingulairÂ® .

The overall results candidates  the selected  FSR6-7  formula  as a promised  bi layer buccal fast , as compliance  and  extended therapy for asthmatic mid- night patients.

Keywords: Montelukast sodium, Dual buccal  strips, Guar gum, Xanthan gum, Carrageenan.
The Possible Cardio-Protective Effects of Ethanolic Artichoke Extract against 5- Fluorouracil Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats
Authors: T. Numan Intesar , N. Hamad Maha , A. Fadhil Ammar , M. Najim Safa
Published: September 2022

Cardiac toxicity can occur during the therapy with several cytotoxic drugs, including 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU). It is an antimetabolite that acts during the S phase of the cell cycle and is activated by thymidine phosphorylase into fluorodeoxyuridylate (5 fluoro 2'deoxyuridine 5'monophosphate, 5-FdUMP) that inhibits thymidylate synthase, thus preventing DNA synthesis that leads to imbalanced cell growth and ultimately cell death. It is still a widely used anticancer drug, since 1957. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible cardio-protective effects of ethanolic artichoke extract (Cynara scolymus L.) against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced cardio-toxicity in rats by evaluating serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzymes. Methods: Twenty -four female albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups each group with 6 rats. Group I: (negative control) received oral daily dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2 ml/kg /day) for 10 successive days. Group II: (positive control) received oral daily dose of DMSO (2 ml/kg /day) for 10 successive days and subsequently administered single dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection on 8th day in association with DMSO. Groups III: received oral daily dose of ethanolic artichoke extract (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days. Groups IV: received oral daily dose of ethanolic artichoke extract (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days with subsequently administered single intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) on 8th day in association with ethanolic extract. Results: Treatment of ethanolic artichoke extract prior 5-FU intoxication significantly attenuate the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes activities caused by 5-FU-induced cardio-toxicity in rats. Conclusions: Results of the present finding suggest that the ethanolic artichoke extract may be an effective modulator in mitigating 5-FU induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Keywords: Ethanolic artichoke extract, 5-Fluorouracil, Cardio-protection, AST, ALT and CK.
Trend of Antibiotics Usage in the Intensive Care Unit in the Medical City in Baghdad
Authors: M. Al-Nema Zeena
Published: September 2022

High frequencies of multidrug resistant organisms were observed worldwide in intensive care units which is a warning as to use the only few effective antimicrobials wisely to reduce selective pressure on sensitive strains.

The aim of the current study is to asses the compliance of the currently followed antibiotic prescribing pattern in the intensive care unit in an Iraqi hospital with the international guidelines.A cross-sectional study was done in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City in Bagdad from the 30th of November 2011 to the 5th of May 2012.Patients were followed until they were discharged or died to see any change in condition, response to drugs, devices used, and medications.

During the period of the study, there were 46 patients admitted to the ICU of whom 23 (50%) were males and 23 (50%) were females. The age range of patients was between 16 and 85 years. The mean of age of patients was 44.52 (SDÂ±18.45) years. All patients underwent culture and sensitivity test as soon as they were admitted to the ICU, but out of 46 patients only 16 (34.78%) of them have culture and sensitivity tests results retrieved.The number of patients, in whom the antibiotics were prescribed or changed according to culture and sensitivity tests, was six patients only (13.04%). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic as an empiric treatment followed by ampicillin-cloxacillin combination and meropenem, while clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin were among the least used. The bacterial culture and sensitivity tests of different samples obtained from the patients showed that the most effective antibiotic was tobramycin (90%) followed by ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (69.2%) for each and the least effective (bacterial resistance) was ceftriaxone (33.3%) and cefotaxime (28.5) among others.

In conclusion, there is a critical need for reviewing the trend of antibiotic use in the ICUs depending more on lab. tests to identify the most effective drugs and to minimize the emergence of resistant infection.

Keywords: ICU, Antibiotic resistance, Culture and sensitivity tests.
Design, Synthesis and Kinetic Study of Coumarin-Based Mutual Prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil and Dichloroacetic acid
Authors: F. Mustafa Yasser , A. Al-Omari Nohad
Published: September 2022

On the basis of known coumarin-based prodrug system, a novel coumarin-based mutual prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and dichloroacetic acid was designed, synthesized and evaluated as a promising oral chemotherapeutic agent basing on in vitro stability study in HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), as well as in vitro release study in human serum. The chemical structure of prodrug was confirmed by analyzing its FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS-ESI spectra. The results of in vitro kinetic study indicated that the prodrug was significantly stable in HCl and in phosphate buffers, and was hydrolyzed in human serum followed pseudo first order kinetics.

Keywords: Coumarin-based prodrug, 5-fluorouracil, Dichloroacetate, kinetics.
Asociación de los niveles de ácidos biliares y hormonas tiroideas en la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo
Authors: Golbasi Ceren , Golbasi Hakan , Bayraktar Burak , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Ekin Atalay
Published: September 2022

La colestasis intrahepática del embarazo (CIE) conduce a resultados perinatales adversos y estos resultados se ven afectados por los niveles elevados de ácido biliar total (ABT). Los estudios han demostrado que las hormonas tiroideas regulan el metabolismo de los ácidos biliares. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado el papel de las hormonas tiroideas en la CIE. Objetivo: Evaluar la función tiroidea junto con los niveles de ABT en la CIE. Métodos. En este estudio retrospectivo, se evaluaron 252 mujeres embarazadas, incluyendo 126 CIE y 126 controles. Se determinaron los niveles de ABT, hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) y tiroxina libre (fT4) del tercer trimestre de todas las embarazadas. Se examinó la correlación entre los niveles de ABT, fT4 y TSH. Además, se estudiaron los resultados perinatales de ambos grupos. Resultados. Los niveles de fT4 fueron significativamente mayores en la CIE. También hubo una correlación positiva entre los niveles de fT4 y ABT. Los niveles de TSH fueron similares en ambos grupos y no hubo una correlación significativa con los niveles de ABT. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en cuanto a enfermedades tiroideas en el tercer trimestre. Conclusiones. Un mayor nivel de fT4 se asoció a un mayor nivel de ABT y el nivel de fT4 se asoció a un mayor riesgo de CIE y a la gravedad de la CIE, pero el nivel de TSH no se asoció a un mayor riesgo de ABT y de CIE.
MARIA SOB A SOMBRA DE EVA
Authors: Eidt Valdir
Published: September 2022

Este artigo discute imagens e representações femininas presentes nos discursos das três únicas mulheres cujas vozes se fizeram ouvir em pelo menos um dos Congressos Católicos realizados entre os anos de 1898 e 1940 nas zonas de imigração alemã no sul do Brasil. Os discursos dessas mulheres se afinam em larga medida ao ideário tradicional da igreja católica acerca da condição feminina e replicam o assim chamado “elogio da maternidade”, que praticamente identifica a mulher com a mãe.
Investigation of E. coli O157:H7 Presence in Lettuce Served for Consumption in Aydın Province
Authors: TURGUT Nalan
Published: September 2022

In this study, the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was investigated for the first time in lettuce samples taken from the neighborhood markets and markets in Aydın, and isolation and identification studies were carried out. Since E. coli O157:H7, which is important for public health, is one of the food-borne pathogenic microorganisms, it is aimed to create an important data source for regions with similar climatic characteristics with the prevalence and contamination status of the pathogen. As a result of isolation and identification studies of 100 lettuce samples taken from neighborhood markets and markets, a total of 17 (17%) E. coli O157:H7 samples were isolated and identified from all samples, 12 (12%) of pathogens were from markets, 5 (5%) were were obtained from samples taken from the markets. In line with the results obtained, it was stated that while the lettuce purchased from markets and markets poses a risk in terms of the presence of E. coli O157:H7, it is stated that preventive measures should be taken in the stages of cultivation, fertilization, irrigation, transportation and storage.
Yapay Sinir Ağı Sınıflayıcıyla Elektronik Burun Veri Seti Kullanarak Kardiyovasküler Hastalıkların Sınıflandırılması
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Cemaleddin , YILMAZ Ahmet , TOZLU Bilge Han , AYDEMİR Önder , KARAVELİOĞLU Yusuf
Published: September 2022

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar dünya çapında ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Kalp ve damar hastalıklarının artması ve yaşam üzerindeki etkileri ile birlikte teşhis için doğru ve hızlı sonuç alınması büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Günümüzde makine öğrenmesi teknikleri, çeşitli hastalıklar için bilgileri veya farklı ölçüm tekniklerini yorumlamak ve sınıflandırmak için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Diğerlerinin yanı sıra kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, özellikle miyokard enfarktüsü için dakikalar bile önemli olduğundan, zamana ve kesinliğe en duyarlı vakalardan biridir.

Çoğu durumda, miyokard enfarktüsünün teşhisi sadece elektrokardiyograma bakarak yapılabilir. Ancak bazı durumlarda doktorlar bir elektrokardiyogram testi ile miyokard enfarktüsünün durumunu belirleyemeyebilirler; bu nedenle, tamamlanması 40-60 dakika süren bir kan testi bir zorunluluk haline gelir. Önceki çalışmalardan birinde mevcut zaman alıcı sürecin üstesinden gelmek için, hızlı sonuç vaat eden bir yöntem olan MI, stabil koroner arter hastalığı ve sağlıklı bireyleri sınıflandırmak için elektronik bir burun kullanılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, yukarıda bahsedilen çalışmada kullanılan veri seti kullanılarak sınıflandırma algoritmasına odaklanılmıştır. Klinik sonuçları etkileme potansiyeline sahip sürecin karmaşıklığını azaltırken, sınıflandırma doğruluğu performans iyileştirmesi için bir yer olabileceğini fark ettik. Önerilen algoritmanın sonuçları, tek bir sınıflandırma adımıyla bile uygun bir sığ sinir ağı kullanılarak işlemin karmaşıklığı azaltılırken, gelişmiş genel sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde etmenin mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity in Direct Arylation Reaction of the Benzimidazole-Functionalized PEPPSI-type Pd(II)NHC Complexes bearing 4-Vynylbenzyl Group
Authors: DAŞGIN Semra , GÖK Yetkin , AKTAŞ Aydın
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, 4-vinilbenzil grubunu içeren bir dizi benzimidazol fonksiyonelli PEPPSI (PEPPSI, Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization, and Initiation) tipi Pd(II)NHC (NHC, N-heterocyclic Carbene) kompleksinin sentezini ve karakterizasyonunu içerir. Bu kompleksler 4-vinilbenzil grubu taşıyan benzimidazolyum tuzları, paladyum klorür (PdCl2), baz olarak potasyum karbonat (K2CO3) ve 3-kloropiridinden sentezlendi. Tüm komplekslerin yapıları 1H NMR, 13C NMR ve FTIR spektroskopik teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edildi. Karkterizasyon sonucu elde edilen veriler önerilen formüller ile tutarlıydı. Özellikle NMR spektrumlarında başlangıç materyali olarak kullanılan 4-vinilbenzil grubu taşıyan benzimidazolyum tuzlarına ait karakteristik proton ve karbon piklerinin gözlenmemesi, bunu yerine benzimidazolyum ligandının palladyum metaline koordinasyonu sonucu karbon NMR spektrumunda daha düşük alanda karben piklerinin varlığı komplekslerin oluşumunu kanıtlamaktadır. Ayrıca, tüm 4-vinil benzil grubu içeren benzimidazolyum fonsiyonelli PEPPSI tipi Pd(II)NHC komplekslerinin doğrudan arilasyon tepkimelerindeki katalitik aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Aril bromürlerin, furan ve tiofen türevi bileşikler ile tepkimelerinde katalizör olarak kullanılan tüm komplekslerin bu reaksiyonlarda orta ve yüksek derecede aktif katalizörler oldukları görülmüştür.
Sinüs Toplam Modeli ile Küresel Güneş Radyasyon Tahmini
Authors: KAPLAN Ayşe Gül
Published: September 2022

Renewable and clean energy sources are currently needed for the long-term growth of nations and to decrease the negative environmental effects of fossil fuels. One of the most significant sources of energy is solar energy. Understanding the radiation properties of the solar energy is crucial for making the most use of solar energy in a certain region. In addition, reliable solar energy measurements are necessary for research into climate change, one of the most pressing problems confronting humanity today. Nowadays, solar energy harvesting systems are widely used to satisfy the world's increasing energy needs. Satellite-based solar radiation forecasts currently provide the high spatial and temporal resolution, global, diffuse, and direct sunlight data needed for solar power system planning and efficient utilization. In this study, the solar radiation values of the determined area were estimated using sum of sine model for n=1,n=2,n=3 in the Matlab program. Several statistical error analysis tests were used to evaluate the performance of the developed models. The estimated solar radiation values demonstrate how effectively the proposed prediction models performs.
Ecological features of permanent ectoparasites
Authors: Balashov Yu.S.
Published: September 2022

There are more than 9000 species of permanent ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates among insects and acarines. Permanent ectoparasites spend entire life time or only part of their life cycle on and inside the skin, hairs and feathers of their hosts. Such ectoparasites feed on blood, lymph, products of dermal glands and particles of skin, hairs and feathers. Permanent ectoparasites can be characterized by the following features: often consumption of small amounts of food, small to moderate fecundity, short period of development of one generation, short life span and incapability to starvation for a long period of time. They infest new host individuals through the direct contact between hosts or by the phoretic way.
Strategies of search behaviuor in trematode Cercariae
Authors: Prokofiev V.V. , Galaktionov K.V.
Published: September 2022

On the base of analysis of original and literature data four basic strategies were distinguished in host-search behaviour of trematode cercariae. There are active search (1), passive waiting (2), active waiting (3) and prey mimetism (4). Many of the Xiphidiocercaria, cercariae of some Echinostomatidae, Psilostomatidae, Acanthocolpidae and Lepocreadiidae as well as cercariae of Fasciolidae, Haploporidae, Notocotylidae, Pronocephalidae, Gladorchiidae and some Haplosplanchnidae encysting on surface of underwater substrates follow the first strategy. These cercariae demonstrate a continuous swimming and photo-, geo- and sometimes chemoreactivity. The second strategy is characteristic for cercariae of Microcerca group with ambuscade behaviour. These cercariae exhibit pronounced oscilloreactions whereas other orienting reactions are feebly marked or even absent. Cercariae of Bucephalidae and Hemiuroidea which float passively in the water column also follow the strategy of passive waiting. The strategy of active waiting is characteristic of cercariae (Furcocercaria, Pleurolophocerca, Parapleurolophocerca, etc.) with an intermittent type of locomotion, where periods of active movement alternate regularly with periods of repose. These cercariae demonstrate a wide range of orienting reactions. The pray mimetism strategy exhibit cercariae of some trematodes (Azygiidae, Bivesiculidae, some Echinostomatidae, Heterophyidae, Lepocreadiidae, Gyliauchinidae, etc.) infecting their hosts passively per os. The active searching cercariae (strategy 1) usually infect sedentary animals or mobile ones but during periods of their minimal locomotory activity. The cercariae exploiting strategies 2–4 predominantly infect mobile animals. It was emphasized that the model of foraging strategies produced by Schoener (1971) and Huey and Pianka (1981) for free-living animals could be applied to analysis of cercarial hostsearch behaviour.
Patterns in the dynamics and distribution of parasite abundance in small mammals
Authors: Ieshko E.P. , Bugmyrin S.V. , Anikanova V.S. , Pavlov Ju.L.
Published: September 2022

Abundance distribution patterns of the cestode Ditestolepis diaphana (Colodkowsky, 1906) in the common shrew Sorex araneus L., 1758 and the nematode Heligmosomum mixtum (Schulz, 1952) in the bank vole Myodes glareolus (Schreber 1780) populations were investigated. We prove that in most cases parasite abundances are modeled by negative binomial distribution (NBD). The patterns revealed for the parasite species studied evidence relations in the host–parasite system to be quite steady. An attempt was made to interpret NBD parameters describing variations of mean abundance and variance of the parasite abundances, which are apparently due to differences in host susceptibility.
Radiological Characteristics of Low-Grade Lytic Spondylolisthesis: Similarity to Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Cho Sung Tan , Kim Jin Hwan
Published: September 2022

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the etiology of low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis based on the radiologic features of the vertebra.Overview of Literature: According to the Marchetti-Bartolozzi classification scheme, high-grade lytic spondylolisthesis (Meyerding grade 3–5) is classified as dysplastic. However, determination of the etiology for low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis as developmental or traumatic remains controversial.Methods: Patients admitted and treated for one-level (L4/5 or L5/S1) low-grade spondylolisthesis were included in the study. A total of 135 patients were divided into the degenerative or lytic spondylolisthesis groups according to their condition (81 patients [degenerative group] vs. 54 patients [lytic group]). To assess the level of similarity in the radiological findings between low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis and dysplastic spondylolisthesis, the pedicle diameters and vertebral heights of the L4 and L5 vertebrae were measured on computed tomography images. Measurements were then converted to each vertebra’s ratio to reduce confounding factors among individuals.Results: The affected vertebra had a smaller sagittal pedicle diameter/transverse pedicle diameter ratio in the low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis group compared to the degenerative group, and the posterior vertebral height/anterior vertebral height ratio of L5 was smaller in the L5/S1 lytic spondylolisthesis group compared to the degenerative spondylolisthesis group.Conclusions: Low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis and dysplastic spondylolisthesis demonstrated similar radiological findings. Hence, surgeons should be attentive to the morphology of the vertebral body and posterior column during preoperative planning for the treatment of low-grade lytic spondylolisthesis.
Rare Species and Plant Communities in the Objects of the Nature-Conservation Fund of Kamianka District of Cherkasy Region
Authors: Spriahailo O. V. , Spriahailo O. A. , Shevchyk V. L.
Published: September 2022

Rare Species and Plant Communities in the Objects of the Nature-Conservation Fund of Kamianka District of Cherkasy Region
Les représentations de la maladie : choix des outils de mesure et applications dans le champ du cancer
Authors: Restivo L. , Apostolidis T. , Julian-Reynier C.
Published: September 2022

Objectif : Dresser un bilan des outils quantitatifs disponibles pour mesurer les représentations de la maladie et analyser leur utilisation empirique auprès de patients atteints de cancer.

Matériel et méthodes : Revue de la littérature.

Résultats : Sept outils de mesure des représentations de la maladie existent dont un spécifique au cancer. L’Illness Perception Questionnaire est utilisé dans 29 des 33 études retenues.

Conclusion : Associer ces échelles avec des méthodes reposant sur des approches davantage centrées sur le contexte socioculturel semble à privilégier.
« We-ness, we-disease » : impact sur la résilience sexuelle des couples confrontés au cancer du sein
Authors: Normandin T. , Stulz A.
Published: September 2022

Cet article présente notre travail de recherche, effectué en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme interuniversitaire de sexologie.

Objectif :L’objectif de notre étude est d’observer le lien entre le sens du « we-ness, we-disease » et la résilience sexuelle du couple confronté au cancer du sein.

Matériel et méthodes : La méthodologie a été qualitative et observationnelle. Cinq couples ont été inclus dans l’étude, et ont chacun participé à un entretien de couple. Les retranscriptions verbatim des entretiens ont été analysées grâce à la « We-ness Coding Scale » (Reid) et à une analyse de contenu thématique de la vie intime et sexuelle.

Résultats : Pour trois couples, l’analyse de contenu des entretiens montre un lien entre un niveau élevé du sens du « we-disease » et la résilience sexuelle du couple. Pour les deux autres couples, nous n’observons pas de lien entre le niveau du sens du « we-disease » et la résilience sexuelle. Des antécédents individuels — propres à la patiente et à son partenaire — et dyadiques, pourraient en partie expliquer nos observations.

Conclusion : De futures recherches, menées avec des échantillons de population plus conséquents, pourraient permettre d’étudier plus précisément le lien entre le sens du « we-ness, we-disease » et un modèle de résilience sexuelle des couples, après un cancer du sein.
Anatomical study of the thoracolumbar radiculomedullary arteries, including the Adamkiewicz artery and supporting radiculomedullary arteries
Authors: Alvernia Jorge E. , Simon Emile , Khandelwal Krishnakant , Ramos Cara D. , Perkins Eddie , Kim Patrick , Mertens Patrick , Messina Raffaella , Luzardo Gustavo , Diaz Orlando
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to identify and characterize all the segmental radiculomedullary arteries (RMAs) that supply the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.

METHODS

All RMAs from T4 to L5 were studied systematically in 25 cadaveric specimens. The RMA with the greatest diameter in each specimen was termed the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA). Other supporting RMAs were also identified and characterized.

RESULTS

A total of 27 AKAs were found in 25 specimens. Twenty-two AKAs (81%) originated from a left thoracic or a left lumbar radicular branch, and 5 (19%) arose from the right. Two specimens (8%) had two AKAs each: one specimen with two AKAs on the left side and the other specimen with one AKA on each side. Eight cadaveric specimens (32%) had 10 additional RMAs; among those, a single additional RMA was found in 6 specimens (75%), and 2 additional RMAs were found in each of the remaining 2 specimens (25%). Of those specimens with a single additional RMA, the supporting RMA was ipsilateral to the AKA in 5 specimens (83%) and contralateral in only 1 specimen (17%). The specimens containing 2 additional RMAs were all (100%) ipsilateral to their respective AKAs.

CONCLUSIONS

The segmental RMAs supplying the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord can be unilateral, bilateral, or multiple. Multiple AKAs or additional RMAs supplying a single anterior spinal artery are common and should be considered when dealing with the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar level.
Efficacy and safety of oblique posterior endplate resection for wider decompression (trumpet-shaped decompression) during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Suk-Kyu , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon Sung , Yang Jae Jun , Kim Kook Jong , Park Jae Hong , Park Sehan
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) provides a limited workspace, and surgeons often need to access the posterior aspect of the vertebral body to achieve sufficient decompression. Oblique resection of the posterior endplate (trumpet-shaped decompression [TSD]) widens the workspace, enabling removal of lesions behind the vertebral body. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oblique posterior endplate resection for wider decompression.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, 227 patients who underwent ACDF for the treatment of cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy caused by spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and were followed up for ≥ 1 year were included. Patient characteristics, fusion rates, subsidence, and patient-reported outcome measures, including the neck pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, arm pain VAS score, and Neck Disability Index (NDI), were assessed. Patients who underwent TSD during ACDF (TSD group) and those who underwent surgery without TSD (non-TSD group) were compared.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven patients (25.1%) were included in the TSD group and 170 patients (74.9%) in the non-TSD group. In the TSD group, 28.2% ± 5.5% of the endplate was resected, and 26.0% ± 6.1% of the region behind the vertebral body could be visualized via the TSD technique. The resection angle was 26.9° ± 5.9°. The fusion rate assessed on the basis of interspinous motion, intragraft bone bridging, and extragraft bone bridging did not significantly differ between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no significant intergroup differences in subsidence. The patient-reported outcome measures at the 1-year follow-up were also not significantly different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

TSD widened the workspace during ACDF, and 26% of the region posterior to the vertebral body could be accessed using this technique. The construct stability was not adversely affected by TSD as demonstrated by the similar fusion and subsidence rates among patients who underwent TSD and those who did not. Therefore, TSD can be safely applied during ACDF when compressive lesions extend behind the vertebral body and are not limited to the disc space, enabling adequate decompression without disrupting the construct stability.
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF DRAINAGE WATER CLEANING AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FROM IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Domashenko Yu. E. , Protsenko N. N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: September 2022

Purpose: the retrospective analysis of technological and technical solutions on purification and treatment of drainage water from irrigation systems. Discussions. Three technological complexes to ensure the safe reuse of drainage water are distinguished in world practice. The first complex is based on the removal of suspended and soluble organic pollutants from drainage waters. The second complex includes traditional methods of desalination – reverse osmosis, electromembrane methods, etc. The third technological complex allows removing toxic contaminants. When developing technologies for drainage water purification and treatment to irrigate agricultural crops, it was taken into account that they include organic and inorganic compounds and toxic compounds of salts. The technology based on the use of solar reservoirs is the most promising. This complex includes accumulators-evaporators of drainage waters, a brine evaporator, mineralization from 10–15 to 200–250 g/dm³ is acceptable. The technological schemes and methods of purification and treatment of drainage water from irrigation systems described in the article allow solving the issue of saline wastewater disposal by returning them to the irrigation cycle and preventing their discharge into surface water bodies. Conclusions. As the analysis of technological solutions for drainage water treatment shows, complex technical solutions based on physicochemical and biological treatment methods are promising. The most common approach to the drainage water treatment is preliminary mechanical cleaning with further adsorption on natural sorbents.
LAYOUT AND DESIGN SOLUTION OF THE KOCHETOVSKY FISH PASSAGE AND SPAWNING CHANNEL WITH A LONGSHORE LOCATION OF ITS PASSAGE
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shevchenko A. V. , Shkura V. N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: September 2022

Purpose: justification and development of a layout and design solution for a fish passage and spawning channel as part of the Kochetovsky waterworks facility on the river Don. Materials and methods. The factual base of the development was the materials of complex surveys collected during the development of a draft design of the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel. When developing a technical solution, technologies for the search design of engineering structures were used. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of the collected data on the initial fishery, hydrological, topographic and socio-economic conditions of the territory of the Kochetovsky waterworks, an option of the fish passage and spawning channel arrangement with its location within the right-bank strip of the water protection zone of the river Don was proposed. The structure of the fish passage channel provides for the arrangement of hydraulic structures that ensure its functioning: inlet and outlet (for fish) heads and channel passage with a total length of 8120 m with fish recreation and spawning zones. The flow rate of the fish passage and spawning channel is assumed to be 90 m³/s with an average flow velocity along its tract of 0.95 m/s. The cross section of the passage is assumed to be trapezoidal with a bottom width of 30.0 m, with an average water flow depth of 2.6 m. The surface of the channel bottom and slopes is covered with a gravel-pebble-stone mixture of different fractional sizes, which is a fastening and spawning substrate for lithophilic fish species. The average slope of the canal passage bottom is assumed to be 0.00034. Conclusion. A layout and design solution for a fish passage and spawning channel providing favorable conditions for the pass and spawning of anadromous-migratory, anadromous, semi-anadromous and non-migratory fish species along the river Don through the Kochetovsky waterworks section line has been developed.
Identification and Mitigation of Risks using Quality Risk Assessment Tools for Formulation Development of Pazopanib HCl Extrudates by using HME Technique: A Systematic QbD Approach
Authors: Gupta Amit , Dahima Rashmi
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Pharmaceutical development ensures to design a valued product and robust manufacturing process to consistently deliver intended performance. It is necessary to recognize that quality cannot be tested into drug products but it should be built in during formulation design and development. Pazopanib HCl is a protein kinase inhibitor molecule approved by USFDA and European agencies for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and other renal malignancies, but it has very poor aqueous solubility and drug release. Therefore, it is essential need to improve the solubility and in vitro dissolution characteristics. Objective/Aim: The main objective of this study was to prepare stable Pazopanib HCl extrudates (PZP-Ex) by using the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Method: Pazopanib HCl extrudates (PZP-Ex) was manufactured using hot melt extrusion technique. Initially, the quality target product profile (QTPP) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) were identified, and then risk assessment was done using a heat map and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) approach. A full factorial design (FFD) was used to study the impact of two continuous variables i.e., level of polymer, milling speed and one categorical (milling screen type) factor on particle size distribution (PSD), disintegration time and dissolution of extrudates. Results: The significance (p) value for studied response variables i.e., percent retention on 40 mesh ASTM sieve (420 µ), disintegration time and percent drug release in 15 min were 0.006, 0.0243 and 0.0355 respectively from the actual by a predicted plot which signifies that the model is significant. The polymer-to-drug ratio has a significant impact on drug release and disintegration time of extrudates. Conclusion: Pazopanib HCl extrudates were successfully prepared by HME technique. Critical formulation and process parameters such as polymer to drug ratio, milling screen size and milling speed were optimized using FFD.
PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE BERKELANJUTAN DI HOLTE CAMP KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Warpur Maklon , Kalor John D. , Rumbiak Kristhopholus , Paiki Kalvin , Wanimbo Efray , Hamuna Baigo , Mandey Vera K.
Published: September 2022

Ekosistem mangrove Teluk Youtefa memiliki peranan yang sangat vital terhadap kelangsungan hidup penduduk Kota Jayapura, teristimewa masyarakat pesisir yang bermukim di sepanjang garis pantai teluk ini. Kegiatan ini dilakukan sebagai salah satu bentuk kepedulian kampus untuk mendukung pemerintah dalam upaya pelesteraian ekosistem mangrove Holte Camp. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode: 1). Observasi lokasi; 2). Diskusi Kelompok Terpadu (DKP); 3). Penyuluhan Perikanan Peduli Ekositem Mangrove Berkelanjutan; 4). Evaluasi Kegiatan. Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 9 September 2017 di Kantor Desa Holte Camp dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 22 orang. Hasil kegiatan diskusi perencanaan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove, dari 59,1% masyarakat yang paham pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove kemudian meningkat menjadi 86,4% setelah mengikuti kegiatan. Dari 77,2% peserta berkomitmen akan merencanakan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di pantai Holte Camp dan akan membantu orang lain dalam menyebarluaskan informasi penting ini. Pemerintah dan masyarakat Holte Kamp telah bersepakat dan membentuk organisasi konservasi mangrove.Kata kunci: Ekosistem mangrove, Teluk Youtefa, Hate Camp.
Nilai Ekonomi Ikan Pelagis Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan Di Perairan Teluk Youtefa, Kota Jayapura
Authors: Kainama Tamara L.J. , Hamuna Baigo , Dimara Lisiard
Published: September 2022

Youtefa Bay is one of the coastal areas which is rich in fisheries and marine resources. The activity which commonly carries out at the Youtefa Bay is pelagic fish fisheries. Pelagic fish that is occurred in the waters of Youtefa Bay, has a high economic value which is adequate to comply with the income of society. The aims of this research were to determine the economic value of pelagic fish in the waters of Youtefa Bay, Jayapura City, Papua. This research was done from December 2018 to May 2019, located at Youtefa Bay, Jayapura City. The methods used were through field observation and interviews with the fishermen and society. The results of this research show that the pelagic fish in the Youtefa Bay dominated by small and medium fish. The pelagic fish which is found in the waters of Youtefa Bay has a high economic value. The types of pelagic fish, e.g. Caranx ignobilis, Caranx bartholomaei, Rastrelliger, Hemiramphus brasiliensis, Euthynnus affinis, Sardinella, and Scomberomorini.Key Words: Pelagic fish; Economic value; Papuan fisherman; Youtefa bay
Ageizm – problem XXI wieku
Authors: Michalak Piotr , Zarzecki Andrzej , Zarzecka Joanna
Published: September 2022

Starzenie się społeczeństwa jest procesem globalnym i przybierającym na sile, a jakość starzenia się jest istotnym parametrem tego procesu. Prognozuje się, że w latach 2015-2050 dojdzie do podwojenia odsetka ludzi w wieku starszym. Celem pracy była analiza piśmiennictwa dotycząca zachowań dyskryminacyjnych ze względu na wiek tzw. ageizm, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zachowań w obrębie ochrony zdrowia, w tym również lekarzy dentystów. Ageizm może być ważnym czynnikiem wpływającym na zdrowie i samopoczucie osób starszych, co powinno być brane pod uwagę przy opracowywaniu strategii wspierania zdrowszego i szczęśliwszego starzenia się. W badaniu ankietowym populacji Polskiej wykazano, że 26% uczestników powyżej 65. roku życia uważa grupę swoich rówieśników za dyskryminowaną, a 8% było świadkami dyskryminacji. Podkreśla się, że niechęć do ludzi starszych i ich dyskryminacja w placówkach medycznych jest częściej obserwowana w sytuacjach presji czasowej i niedoboru personelu medycznego. Starsi ludzie coraz częściej zachowują naturalne uzębienie, w związku z tym rośnie zapotrzebowanie na przeszkolonych lekarzy zajmujących się kompleksową opieką nad pacjentami w starszym wieku. Pomimo to wskazuje się, że sama poprawa wiedzy na temat procesu starzenia nie zmienia postawy wobec pacjentów seniorów. Po analizie piśmiennictwa należy zauważyć znikomą ilość badań poświęconych tematyce ageizmu prowadzonych poza USA. Badania prowadzone w dziedzinie stomatologii odnoszące się do tej tematyki najczęściej ograniczane są do badania postaw studentów. Obecny czas pandemii COVID-19 uwypuklił nieprawidłowe zachowania obarczone ageizmem.
Polityka rodzinna państwa polskiego w czasie tzw. pierwszej fali pandemii wirusa SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nowicka Urszula
Published: September 2022

Pandemia wirusa SARS-CoV-2, z którym cały świat mierzy się od niemal roku, powoduje negatywne skutki w każdej dziedzinie życia. Oprócz oczywistego zagrożenia dla zdrowia i życia ludzkiego, niesie za sobą poważne konsekwencje dla gospodarki i stosunków społecznych, w tym również rodzinnych. Dobrze funkcjonujące państwo musi w takich okolicznościach reagować, oferując obywatelom i rodzinom konkretną pomoc. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza działań rządu polskiego podejmowanych na rzecz rodziny w czasie epidemii koronawirusa. Ponieważ jednak epidemia cały czas trwa, podjęte rozważania ograniczają się do działań rządu podejmowanych podczas tzw. pierwszej fali koronawirusa, jaka miała miejsce wiosną i latem 2020 r. Celem tej analizy jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na dwa zasadnicze pytania: jakie działania podjął polski rząd na rzecz polskiej rodziny dotkniętej epidemią COVID-19? Oraz czy w praktyce te działania stanowią realną pomoc dla polskich rodzin? Analiza ta jest przeprowadzona w oparciu o trzy konkretne formy pomocy; są to: dodatkowy zasiłek opiekuńczy, działania dotyczące pomocy alimentacyjnej oraz szczególne wsparcie dla ofiar przemocy w rodzinie.
Prawne aspekty wdrożenia systemu Compliance w sektorze publicznym na przykładzie sektora górniczego
Authors: Szewczak Marcin
Published: September 2022

Artykuł poświęcony został prawnym aspektom wdrażania systemu zarządzania Compliance w sektorze publicznym na przykładzie sektora górniczego. Autor uwzględniając dorobek prawa administracyjnego i prawa Unii Europejskiej wskazuje na nowe zagadnienie prawne, znajdujące się na etapie wdrażania w krajowy system prawa. Realizując cel badawczy autor dokonuje analizy prawnych aspektów wdrażania systemu zarządzania Compliance przez podmioty publiczne. W szczególności autor dokonuje analizy systemów zarządzania Compliance w dwóch giełdowych spółkach z sektora górniczego. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy prawnej autor doszedł do wniosku, że prawne podstawy wdrażania systemów zarządzania Compliance w sektorze górniczym powinny mieć swoją podstawę prawną w prawie geologicznym i górniczym.
Ochrona bioróżnorodności a pandemia Covid-19 – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors: Żuchowska-Grzywacz Monika
Published: September 2022

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania: czy obecne przepisy, mające chronić bioróżnorodność, są efektywne i mają charakter systemowy? czy w czasie pandemii Covid-19 zostały podjęte działania w tym sektorze na szczeblu unijnym i krajowym? w jakim kierunku, wobec skali zagrożenia koronawirusem, powinny podążać zmiany legislacyjne, aby w sposób skuteczny wspierać ochronę bioróżnorodności? w jakim wymiarze skuteczne zabezpieczenie regulacjami prawnymi ochrony bioróżnorodności może mieć wpływ na minimalizację ryzyka wystąpienia globalnych pandemii w przyszłości? Tematyka ta jest szczególnie aktualna i istotna ze społecznego punktu widzenia wobec pogarszającej się sytuacji pandemicznej, a szukanie rozwiązań, które mogą zabezpieczać świat przed tą sytuacją w przyszłości są priorytetowe.
Regulacje prawne lustracji spółdzielni
Authors: Dąbrowski Tomasz
Published: September 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano regulacje prawne dotyczące lustracji spółdzielni, których źródłem są zarówno akty rangi ustawowej, jak i uchwały KRS. Omówiono cele, rodzaje i podmioty uprawnione do przeprowadzenia lustracji, a także wymogi dotyczące kompetencji lustratora. W dalszej części przestawiono przebieg lustracji. Wywód poszerzają wnioski de lege ferenda oraz omówienie orzecznictwa związanego z tym tematem.
Realizacja zasady kontradyktoryjności w kanonicznych procesach o nieważność małżeństwa w warunkach pandemii
Authors: Greszata-Telusiewicz Marta
Published: September 2022

Zasada kontradyktoryjności, nazywana również zasadą sporności, jest nadrzędnym celem wszystkich działań procesowych, stanowi sine qua non każdego procesu spornego. Jej właściwą treścią jest dążenie do prawdy obiektywnej poprzez stawianie tezy przeciwnej, co wyraża się w wypowiedzeniu przez jeden z podmiotów tezy A, przy jednoczesnym wypowiadaniu przez drugi podmiot tezy nie-A. Aktywność procesowa w kontekście realizacji zasady kontradyktoryjności jest wieloaspektowa. Oczywiście ta aktywność, ze względu na zaistnienie trudności technicznych w obszarze relacji międzyludzkich z uwagi na pandemię, może mieć nieco zmniejszoną dynamikę. Niemniej jednak nie powinno to mieć wpływu na kontradyktoryjny wymiar procesu. W niektórych przypadkach możemy zauważyć pewne niuanse procesowe, o których można dyskutować, czy one jeszcze są tym, czym być powinny, czy też raczej już tym nie są. W niektórych sytuacjach na przykład zasada bezpośredniości może ulec pewnym modyfikacjom, gdyż spotkanie online stron procesowych z sędzią kościelnym, przy słabym przekazie internetowym, może w bardzo istotny sposób wpłynąć na brak staranności w dotarciu do prawdy obiektywnej. Również brak emocji związanych z osobistym spotkaniem może mieć na to duży wpływ, co należy potraktować jako negatywną stronę tego, co niesie za sobą rzeczywistość pandemiczna. Emocje negatywne w relacjach międzyludzkich są zwykle oceniane w sposób jednoznaczny, jednakże należy na nie spojrzeć z innej perspektywy, gdyż bywają one pobudką do działania. Podmioty poruszone jakimś faktem uaktywniają swój intelekt i intensyfikują swoje czynności procesowe, a przy takiej okazji można od nich wydobyć większą ilość faktów, które mogą się przyczynić do wydania sprawiedliwego wyroku.
Forschen mit Videovignetten zur Erfassung digitaler Unterrichtskompetenzen im Berufsfeld Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft
Authors: Miesera Susanne , Heinze Lena , Nerdel Claudia
Published: September 2022

Die digitale Transformation der Berufswelt und die sich wandelnden Kompetenzanforderungen an Auszubildende erfordern zusätzliche Unterrichtskompetenzen von Lehrkräften. Der Beforschung von Hochschulangeboten in der Lehrkräftebildung und -fortbildung hochschuldidaktischer Vermittlungsformate widmet sich dieser Beitrag. Es wird ein Konzept der Erfassung digitaler Unterrichtskompetenzen mit Videovignetten vorgestellt.
Mathematische Kompetenzen bei Auszubildenden in nahrungsgewerblichen Berufen
Authors: Zigalenko Anna
Published: September 2022

Mathematik bereitet auf zahlreiche Lebensanforderungen vor, auch auf das zukünftige Berufsleben. In der Erstausbildung ist der Unterricht auf einen Ausbildungsberuf ausgerichtet. Der Mathematikunterricht dient der beruflichen und fachlichen Qualifizierung. Der Frage, welche mathematischen Kompetenzen bezogen auf einen Ausbildungsberuf gefördert werden sollten, wird in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel nahrungsgewerblicher Ausbildungsberufe nachgegangen.