bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of biosynthetic dressings in treatment of superficial burns of II-IIIa degree
Authors: Salakhiddinov K Z , Alekseev A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To improve the treatment of patients with burns, provide the protection and creation of an optimal «wet» environment for wound healing. Methods. Results of «Biokol», «Biokol-gel» and «Gelepran» regenerative complexes use to treat burn wounds of II-IIIA degree were examined. 75 patients with burns of II-IIIA degree involving 4 to 80% of body surface were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group (main group) consisted of 40 patients who were treated using «Biokol» wound dressings and «Biokol-gel». The second group (control group) consisted of 35 patients in whom «Gelepran» hydrogel wound dressing was used. Treatment results were evaluated on the basis of clinical, cytological and microbiological examinations of wound content. Results. 4-5 days after treatment initiation a significant decrease of pathogenic microorganisms detection rate was registered in both groups accompanied by edge epithelization. The rate of Ps. aeruginosa, Рroteus, Kl. pneumonea detection varied from 2.5 to 5% in patients of the first group and from 2.5 to 8.5% - in patients of the second group. No cases of St. viridians detection were registered in patients of the first group. Cytologic picture was described as inflammatory in 76% of patients of the first group and in 59% of patients of the second group, as inflammatory-regenerative in 24 and 32% of cases accordingly. On the sixth day of treatment the detection rate for the inflammatory type of cytogram has reduced, resulting in reduction of neutrophils count to 62% in the first group and to 72% in the second group. An increase of fibroblasts number reaching 30% in the first group and 23% in the second group was also observed, corresponding to the clinical course. Conclusion. Combined use of wound dressing and gel (regenerative complex) showed the best result. «Biokol-gel» created a moist environment activating wound cleansing of residual fibrin and necrotizing tissues and reducing the epithelilization time compared to the «Gelepran» wound dressing. «Biokol» also acted as a mechanical protection and provided the maintenance of favorable conditions in the wound.
Ozone therapy in ophthalmology
Authors: Iskhakova R R , Saifullina F R
Published: November 2019

Currently, ozone therapy is a method of treatment used in various fields of medicine, e.g., in treatment of neuropathies, liver diseases, as well as in cosmetology, surgery, traumatology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, neurology, dentistry, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology. Recently, ozone therapy is increasingly used clinically as a complement to the classical treatment, which is contributed by the low cost and relative safety of the method. Ozone therapy as a modern and effective method of treatment continues to evolve, finding new areas of application, mechanisms of its action are being clarified, new techniques and new indications are offered. The main properties of ozone therapy are the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, hypoxia reduction and metabolism activation, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and improving blood circulation. Currently papers devoted to the application of ozone in ophthalmology in treatment of age-related macular degeneration, viral conjunctivitis and keratitis, corneal degenerations, purulent corneal ulcer, pigmentary retinal degeneration, optic neuritis and atrophy, degenerative changes of the choroid, high myopia, hemophthalmia, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy are known.
Scientific rationale for medical and preventive measures improvement in lyme disease endemic areas (based on the data of Udmurt Republic)
Authors: Guznischeva N G , Gilmanov A A , Zakirov I G
Published: November 2019

Aim. To provide the scientific rationale for medical and preventive measures improvement in Lyme disease endemic areas. Methods. Epidemiologic and biostatistical analysis of preventive measures holding in Lyme disease endemic areas was performed. Results. A decrease in mean longstanding prevalence of Lyme borreliosis by 31.5% was observed in the Udmurt Republic since 1999 to 2010. The tick-invaded area has increased by 25%, there was an increase in a borrelia-harboring ticks rate by 34.6%. The number of patients seeking medical aid because of the tick bites has increased by 25.4%, which can be attributed to increased social awareness. 62.5% of patients diagnosed with Lyme borreliosis were over 41 years old, the rate of unemployed patients was 61.1%. High prevalence of Lyme borreliosis in peasants living in highly endemic areas (southern part of the Udmurt Republic) related to low medical aid appealability due to tick bites and therefore untimely medical preventive measures, was registered. The prevalence of erythema migrans-free disease has increased 4.3 times. Among the Lyme borreliosis forms associated with erythema migrans, the 1.6 times increase in multiple erythema prevalence was observed, with increase by 24 times in the areas of high disease prevalence. The most severe disease course was observed in patients over 61 years old with erythema migrans-free disease. A single oral dose of doxycycline should be used for disease prevention in all patients seeking medical aid because of the tick bite. Conclusion. The offered preventive algorithm for Lyme disease allowed to prevent the disease development in 99.7% of all cases, the economical efficacy of doxycycline prophylaxis counted on 1 borrelia-harboring tick bite was estimated as 20 400 rubles.
Analysis of mortality in patients with stroke according to data of Republican hospital №1 (Tyva Republic)
Authors: Mongush Kh D , Ondar A B , Chylbak-ool R Ch , Kuular L Y , Balchir M B , Anay-ool T S
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the change in overall mortality in in-patients with stroke admitted to the department of neurology from 2010 to 2012. Methods. The analysis of the overall mortality in in-patients with stroke admitted to the department of neurology of Republican Hospital №1 was performed using the statistical data from 2010 to 2012. Results. In 2012 overall mortality from stroke has increased by 4.59% compared to 2011. Among the patients who died of stroke in 2012, patients with cerebral hemorrhage dominated over the patient with ischemic stroke. 14% of patients succumbed within first 24 hours, which can be explained by a severe condition of admitted patients. Arterial hypertension, alone and in combination with cerebral atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, was the most often concomitant condition in patients who died of stroke at the department of neurology. The reasons for death in patients with cerebral hemorrhage were cerebral edema associated with brain herniation, progression to intraventricular hemorrhage and brainstem hemorrhage. The reason for death in patients with ischemic stroke was recurrent cerebral infarction. There was 1 case of concomitant myocardial infarction in a patient with cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion. The number of patients who has died of stroke - 200, an autopsy was performed in 81%; the highest mortality was observed in patients aged 51-60 years, the lowest - in patients aged 18 to 30 years (1.5%). Discrepancy between clinical and postmortem diagnosis was observed in 2 cases.
The rational method of orthodontic treatment in rural school children
Authors: Shaydulin I M , Khamitova N Kh
Published: November 2019

Aim. To analyze the effect of orthodontic devices in treating malocclusion in rural schoolchildren. Methods. The first group consisted of 25 schoolchildren aged 9-10 years with malocclusions treated with Frankel functional regulator, the second group consisted of 25 schoolchildren of the comparable age treated with function generating bite. Treatment results were assessed after 12 months of treatment in both groups. The treatment success was defined by calculation of the Pont’s and Korkhaus indices of dental arch dimensions. An adaptation to orthodontic devices was controlled monthly. Results. Schoolchildren treated with Frankel functional regulator abandoned treatment in 24% of cases (6 out of 25 cases), while treated with function generating bite - in 8% of cases (2 out of 25 cases). Dental arch expansion was registered in both groups. In patients treated with Frankel functional regulator the dental arch expansion reached 2.4-3 mm (mean value 2.7±0.3 mm), with function generating bite - 2.8-3.2 mm (mean value 3.0±0.2 mm). Conclusion. Function generating bite was the most rational malocclusion treatment in rural schoolchildren, its use was associated with lesser number of dropouts due to discomfort and allowed to achieve better results.
The features of neuroendocrine changes in cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Meretskyy V M , Korda M M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the features of neuroendocrine regulation in cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 100 male white rats that were divided into the following groups: the first group (n=10) - control group consisted of 10 intact animals, the second group (n=40) - rats with simulated traumatic cranial injury, the third group (n=10) - rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, the fourth group (n=40) - rats with simulated traumatic cranial injury and experimental diabetes mellitus. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by a single streptozotocin solution intraperitoneal injection. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 3, 24 hours, 5 and 14 days after the traumatic cranial injury. The mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm variability was performed by ECG intervals data analysis. Corticosterone serum levels were measured using ELISA. Results. Based on a comprehensive ECG intervals data analysis, it was found that after experimental traumatic cranial injury the imbalance of autonomic nervous system with increased sympathetic autonomic nervous system function occurs, manifesting as a deregulation of cholinergic and adrenergic effects on sinoatrial node. In diabetes, an increase of the role of sympathetic effects on the sinus node functioning also occurred. Revealed autonomic nervous system deregulation after experimental traumatic cranial injury associated with experimental diabetes mellitus were associated with sympathetic autonomic nervous system over-function, parasympathetic autonomic nervous system exhausting and decreased recovery speed. There was a relevant increase in corticosterone serum concentration reaching its maximum 24 hours after traumatic cranial injury. Conclusion. A significant autonomic nervous system sympathetic shift and autonomic regulation intensifying characterizes the clinical course in traumatic cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus, a positive correlation of corticosterone serum concentration and sympathetic autonomic nervous system over-function was revealed in animals with experimental traumatic cranial injury, particularly when associated with experimental diabetes mellitus.
Patterns of eye structural and functional changes in presbyopia
Authors: Rozanova O I , Shchuko A G , Mishchenko T S , Mishchenko O P , Mikhalevich I M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To identify patterns of structural and functional interrelationship in the eye in presbyopia formation. Methods. 60 patients with emmetropia without eye diseases in two age groups: from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old were examined. In addition to the standard ophthalmic examinations the following methods were used: assessment the pupil size in different lighting conditions, examination of the anterior and middle segment of the eye by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy and using a rotating Scheimpflug camera («Pentacam»). Results. Patients with presbyopia showed lens enlargement with simultaneous shortening of anterior portion of Zinn ligament, reduction of anterior chamber depth and volume, decrease of an adjunction angle between the iris and the cornea, ciliary body thickness reduction, and the increased distance between trabeculae and the crown of the ciliary body. The most pronounced decrease of the thickness of the ciliary body, length of the Zinn ligament and the increase of distance between trabeculae and ciliary processes were noted in the horizontal plane with a maximum change in the internal segment. The spatial deformation of the posterior chamber and changes of the anterior chamber angle were more pronounced in the lower and outer quadrants. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the vanishing of a significant number of correlations, characteristic for the physiologically properly formed eye with a proportionate refraction and the appearance of new relationships, directed to preserve the normal physiology of intraocular fluid, and stability of visual image receiving. Conclusion. Presbyopia development is characterized by a set of structural and functional changes, the spatial transformation of the eyeball that must be considered when performing surgical interventions in patients with presbyopia.
Technology of phacoemulsification in extensive zonular defects of zinn ligament fibers
Authors: Ivanov D I , Bardasov D B
Published: November 2019

Aim. To describe the technique and to assess the results of phacoemulsification in eyes with extensive zonular defects of Zinn ligament fibers. Methods. Phacoemulsification was performed through a 2.2- mm corneal tunnel incision on adhesive viscoelastic bed. The lens was stabilized with a capsular tension ring. The operation was finished with intraocular implantation and its suturing to the iris. The study included 36 patients [42 eyes, 23 males (63.9%), 13 females (36.1%)] in whom phacoemulsification has been performed. Visual acuity before surgery ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 (mean 0.2±0.18). Intraocular pressure ranged from 15 to 25 mm Hg (mean 19.2±4.5 mm Hg). Corneal astigmatism value before surgery ranged from 0 to 2.25 D (mean 0.87±0.63 D). Results. Postoperatively the following complications were observed: an inflammatory reaction in 3 eyes (7.1%), inflammation of Descemet’s membrane in 3 (7.1%) cases, ocular hypertension in 9 (21.4%) eyes. All the complications were drug treated within 3-5 days. On the second day mean visual acuity was assessed as 0.56±0.12,1 month after surgery - 0.70±0.16,6 months after surgery - 0.75±0.21, and 1 year after surgery - 0.74±0.19. Corneal induced astigmatism 1 year after the surgery ranged from 0.0 to 1.5 D (mean 0.39±0.16 D). Conclusion. The presented technology of phacoemulsification is relatively safe, effective and provides a possibility to rehabilitate patients with cataract combined with extensive zonular defects of Zinn ligament fibers in minimal terms.
Conjunctival melanoma. What has changed over 55 years?
Authors: Grishina E E , Andreichenko A M , Fedotova O F
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the changes of conjunctival melanoma clinical characteristics over 55 years according to data of oncological department of Moscow ophthalmological clinical hospital. Methods. The change of conjunctival melanoma clinical characteristics over 55 years was studied. Two patient groups were compared. Group I included patients who were treated and observed in Moscow ophthalmological clinical hospital in 1956-1970, group II included patients who were treated and observed in Moscow ophthalmological clinical hospital in 1982-2013. Medical charts (i.e., case records, clinical histories, pathohistological reports, questionnaires of patients who received beta-applicator therapy etc.) were analyzed. Results. Over 55 years, the prevalence of conjunctival melanoma did not increase. In recent years, conjunctival melanoma has been diagnosed mainly in older patients, however, sex distribution has not changed. Nowadays, small size tumors dominated in primary patients while tumor pigmentation remain unchanged. Tumors localized at corneal limbus and bulbar conjunctiva, i.e. at palpebral fissure, as well as at lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris, were still the most frequent, which is associated with intensive insolation of these areas. Total 10-year survival rate in conjunctival melanoma patients was high (80%) over the whole period. Conclusion. Small size tumors predominance indicates that conjunctival pigment tumors diagnostics improved over recent decade due to ophthalmic equipment development, oncological suspicion increase and the possibility to refer patients to specialized ophthalmic oncological centers.
Clinical effectiveness of reamberin in treating outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lakotsenina O Yu , Voit L N , Sokolova E A , Grankina M A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To investigate the clinical effectiveness of meglumine sodium succinate in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in an outpatient setting. Methods. 93 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were examined. The influence of 3-month combined treatment with long-acting M-anticholinergic drug (tiotropium bromide), combination of salmeterol and fluticasone (Seretide) and antihypoxant drug - meglumine sodium succinate (Reamberin) in combination with breathing exercises on functional parameters of respiratory, cardiovascular system and quality of life was studied. Results. Signs of deceased pulmonary ventilation due to obstruction were revealed. Pulmonary hypertension and decreased right ventricle diastolic function were diagnosed in 89% of patients. Patients taking meglumine sodium succinate (Reamberin) showed statistically significant improvement of functional indices of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as better quality of life after the treatment. In patients who were not taking meglumine sodium succinate, those changes were less prominent. Conclusion. Adding meglumine sodium succinate (Reamberin) to complex treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease supports the improvement in pulmonary function and macrocirculation, which demonstrates the improvement of pulmonary gas exchange function and improves quality of life.
Clinical course of neurological disorders in experimental hemorrhagic stroke after treatment with interleukin-2 (ronkoleukinum)
Authors: Suprun E V , But N A , Tereshchenko S V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the influence of recombinant interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum) on indicators of oxidative protein modification and severity of neurologic signs in rats with experimental hemorrhagic stroke. Methods. Oxidative protein modification (by aldehyde and carboxyl products), the survival rate, neurological deficit by McGrow Stroke-index and animal psychophysiological status were studied on the model of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats after treatment with 0.01 mg/kg of interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum). Results. The progression of experimental hemorrhagic stroke in rats was accompanied with typical pathophysiological signs - oxidative protein modification with following neurological and cognitive disorders, followed by death of experimental animals. Administration of interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum) 0.01 mg/kg hampered the processes of free radical proteins damage, therefore decreasing the mortality rate in animals with intracerebral hemorrhage. Animals that were administered interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum) died only during the first 24 hours after the stroke, with mortality rate significantly lower compared to controls starting form the 4th day of the experiment (р 0.05). The use of interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum) also statistically significantly decreased the severity of post-ischemic behavioral, neurological and cognitive disorders, improving the movement activity, psychoneurological status assessed by McGrow scale, stabilizing the memory and passive avoidance reflex recovery. Conclusion: interleukin-2 (Ronkoleukinum) can effectively prevent the formation of post-stroke neuronal disorders, so its use as a nosotropic nootropic agent seems to have a good perspective.
Experience of surgical treatment of internal postoperative complications after median sternotomy
Authors: Shvedova M V , Dambaev G Ts , Vusik A N , Gulyaev V M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the results of treatment in patients with deep postoperative complications after median sternotomy. Methods. The study included 33 patients: 25 males and 8 females (mean age 58.63±6.29 and 60.3±12.9 years, respectively). X-ray, helical computed tomography of the chest, sternum and anterior mediastinum ultrasound, echocardiography, pulmonary function test, bacteriology, clinical and laboratory tests were used to assess pre- and post-operative conditions of the patients. Fistulography and sternum scintigraphy with 99mTc-technetril were performed if necessary. Complications included anterior mediastinitis, sternal osteomyelitis, sternal diastasis, chest bones instability and sternal fragmentation. Some patients also developed superficial wound infection together with internal complications. The first stage of treatment included secondary surgical debridement, metal suture osteosynthesis, surgical sternal reconstruction by titanium nickelide plexiform tubulous implant and VRAM flap thoracomyoplasty. Results. Secondary surgical debridement was performed as the first stage of treatment in 51.51% patients (n=17) including 29.4% patients who were operated for the second time. Metal suture osteosynthesis as step 1 surgery was performed in 33.3% of patients (n=11); 54.5% of patients (n=6) were re-operated. Metal suture or clamp osteosynthesis did not lead to the sternal reconstruction in 80% of cases. Chest surgical reconstruction by titanium nickelide implants as step 1 surgery was performed in 12.12% of patients (n=4) resulting in chest stabilization, sternal diastasis elimination, and correction of sterno-mediastinitis. VRAM flap thoracomyoplasty was performed in 1 patient. Conclusions. The step-wise approach surgery was preferable (step 1 - secondary surgical debridement and antibiotics, step 2 - surgical sternal reconstruction). Sternal reconstruction by titanium nickelide implants is indicated for treating patients without severe sternal fragmentation and offers good early results.
Rationale for effectiveness of a new method of radial sphincterotomy during obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: Yusifzade K R
Published: November 2019

Aim. Determination of the effectiveness of the improved method of sphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis, called radial sphincterotomy. Methods. Analyzed were results of 38 operations performed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with a diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. In the first group (23 patients) performed a standard sphincterotomy, in the second group - radial sphincterotomy. 21 patients of the first group had gallstones up to 20 mm, 2 patients - more than 20 mm; in 6 patients (out of 15) of a second group gallstones sizes exceeded 20 mm, the other patients had stones sizes 15-20 mm. Results. The technique developed radial sphincterotomy allows multiple incisions towards 11, 12 and 13 hour clock directions. Thus, the main incision can be made to the transverse folds, and other radial incisions should be carried out below it, not going beyond the proposed location of the intramural common bile duct. Anatomical and mathematical justifications of the method of radial sphincterotomy were presented. Depending on the cut and shape of papillae, the severity of the upper transverse folds defining a safe distance from the hole until it papillae, performed lateral radial incisions, thereby achieving an increase of sphincterotomy cut altogether. Neither group registered death. In 2 (8.7%) patients of the first group bleeding occurred during the procedure, after the operation pancreatitis has developed in 1 (4.3%) patients in first group and in 1 (6.7%) patients in the second group. Conclusion. The proposed technique of radial sphincterotomy is a safe way to increase the area of dissected papillae to provide high efficiency for removal of large gallstones.
Indices of physical activity, quality of life and psychological characteristics in patients with amputated lower limb
Authors: Biktimirova F M , Fedorenko M V , Aukhadeev E I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the physical activity in disabled patients who underwent an amputation of the lower limb in a late period of rehabilitation and prosthetics. Methods. The study included patients with structural and functional disorders of limbs. 308 patients aged 18 to 66 years were randomly selected to participate in the study as they were referred to Prosthetic and orthopedics center «Reabilitaciya invalidov», Kazan, Russia from 2008 to 2010. Patients were allocated to five age groups: 19 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years old and older than 60 years. Activity level, depending on the motor capacity was investigated in 308 patients who were offered prosthetics according to the classification subdividing locomotor activity on five levels. SF-36 questionnaire (quality of life), Spielberger-Hanin reactive and personal anxiety scales, Beck Depression Inventory, the Mehrabian Achieving Tendency Scale, Smisek-Leonhard characterological test were administered. Quality of lower limbs prostheses were assessed by «TWO LEGS» prosthesis evaluation questionnaire on a 5-point scale. Results. The majority of patients who were at the remote stage of rehabilitation after prosthesis had high level of physical activity - 141 (45.7%) patients, average activity level - 81 (26.2%) patients, reduced level of activity - 63 (20.5%) patients. High level of physical activity, depending on the locomotor activity, was more typical for the second (20-29) and third (30-39 years) age groups - 60 and 54%, respectively. Very high and high levels of physical activity was equally observed in patients with one and both amputated both lower legs: 8.4 and 7%, respectively. Conclusion. Level of amputation, age and psychological characteristics, as well as prosthesis quality and the term of prosthesis use were essential for motor activity, quality of life and functional independence of the disabled with structural and functional of the lower limb disorders.
Clinical significance of regulatory antibodies content evaluation in pregnant women with fetal growth retardation
Authors: Lazareva V K , Zamaleeva R S , Cherepanova N A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To identify the possibility of fetal growth retardation prediction at early stages of pregnancy by revealing changes in the content of some regulatory autoantibodies. Methods. A comprehensive examination of 388 pregnant women at risk of gestational complications was performed. After standardization of groups 185 pregnant women were selected for the analysis. Out of these, 80 patients with fetal growth retardation were included into the main group, 80 matched pairs were selected from the group of pregnant women at risk of fetal growth retardation (comparison group). The control group consisted of 25 healthy pregnant women with physiological pregnancy and childbirth. Patients with fetal growth retardation were divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of 40 pregnant women with grade I of fetal growth retardation, 24 pregnant women with grade II of fetal growth retardation formed the second subgroup, and 16 pregnant women with grade III of fetal growth retardation were included into the third subgroup. Along with the standard methods of examination the serum levels of regulatory class G antibodies binding with double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, β2-glycoprotein, total phospholipids, human chorionic gonadotropin, collagen, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, insulin, and the level of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, on the dates of 11-14 and 26-28 weeks of pregnancy. Results. The peculiarities of the regulatory autoantibodies content in pregnant women with fetal growth retardation and in women at risk of this condition were revealed. Pregnant women with grade I and II of fetal growth retardation had higher values of autoantibodies, whereas severe forms of fetal growth retardation were characterized by diverse changes of the examined regulatory autoantibodies with a predominance of low values. In case of pregnant women at risk of fetal growth retardation changes in the content of regulatory autoantibodies were diverse. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the content of regulatory autoantibodies can be used for prediction of fetal growth retardation in pregnant women.
Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical expression profiles of some antigens in cervical cancer
Authors: Kosenko I A , Litvinova T M , Smolyakova R M , Vasilevskiy A P , Pischik N N
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical expression profile of some antigens in patients with cancer of the cervix. Methods. Analysed was the data of primary medical records (medical history and hospital records) and information of the Belarusian Cancer Registry of the 100 women who received special treatment in the Republican Scientific and Practical Centre of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after Alexandrov and in Grodno Regional Clinical Hospital. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the content of markers Ki-67, Her2/neu, Bcl-2 and p53 in tumors (archival paraffin blocks) were performed. Results. Low level of expression of Ki-67 was detected in 44, moderate - in 19, high - in 37 of patients. Low levels of expression of the mutant p53 protein was detected in 44, moderate - 16, high - 29 of women. Low level of expression of Bcl-2 antigen was found in 92, moderate - in 6, high - in 2 patients. The absence of relationship between the level of the protein HER2/neu and stage cervical cancer was showen. The most prognostic significance had the proliferative activity (the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells), since an increase of this index by 1 unit decreased overall survival observed in 0.9884 times. Multivariate analysis of the cumulative impact of the studied oncogenes on overall survival observed in view of the degree of spread of the tumor process has allowed to develop a formula for calculating the risk of disease progression in a specific clinical observations. Conclusion. The expression of markers Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, in conjunction with the degree of tumor spread are prognostic criteria of cervical cancer.
Ultrasound for breast condition monitoring in females using levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine systems for 5 years
Authors: Terent’eva O I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the breast condition in females using levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system (20 μg) for 5-year period, by repeated ultrasound monitoring. Methods. Results of regular clinical examination and breast ultrasound repeated during 5 years of follow up in 118 women aged 30 to 55 years, continuously using levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system (20 μg) for 5-year period, were analyzed. Results. According to the results of 5-year sonographic monitoring of breast condition in females using levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system, breast cancer was diagnosed in 2 (1.7%) patients during the first 6 months of the research; no other cases were discovered during the subsequent follow-up. Fibroadenoma of the breast was diagnosed in 3 (2.5%) women, which was lower compared to statistical prevalence in general population (5%). By the end of the follow-up period, no mammary gland adenosis foci were found at ultrasound. The number of patients with breast cysts decreased, as well as the number of breast cysts in single patient, which were found in 41 (34.7%) female patients before the treatment and in 13 (11.0%) patients after a year of treatment with levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system. No mammary gland dilatation was diagnosed before levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system was administered, during the first year of treatment it was revealed in 16 (13.5%) patients. According to the results of ultrasonography, maximal size of fibrous glandular complex after 5 years of treatment was 16.2 mm, mean - 10.2 mm (before the treatment - 18.2 and 14.2 mm respectively, after 1 year of treatment - 17.4 and 13.3 mm respectively. Conclusion. The use of levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system was associated with favorable effects on breast condition. No adenosis foci were further found, the number of patients with mammary gland cysts decreased as well as the number of the cysts, the fibrous glandular complex thickness has decreased, revealing the downward trend for breast focal masses formation.
Experimental rationale for colocolonic anastomosis formation by a compression suturing device
Authors: Vlasov A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To experimentally compare the durability and biological integrity of compressional and manually made anastomoses, and to find out morphological features of their regeneration. Methods. Experimental studies were performed on 54 non-pedigree dogs of both gender and on autopsied specimens in prosectorium. Colocolonic anastomoses were formed by compression suturing device, Ziganshin-Gunter device, compression anastomosis device, and manually. Results. Compression anastomoses had higher durability compared to manual sutures (р 0.05). A test for microbial penetration showed only minimal signs of bacterial contamination of colocolonic anastomoses made by compression suturing device. Bacterial contamination of colocolonic anastomoses performed by compression anastomosis device and compression suturing device, was significantly less common compared to anastomoses formed by Ziganshin-Gunter device and manually (р 0.05). Examination of compression anastomoses morphogenesis revealed that healing of colocolonic anastomoses is accompanied by homogenous standard morphologic pattern. No scarring occurs due to absence of inflammation and low amount of connective tissue at the anastomosis region. Study of colocolonic anastomoses formation by compression devices on an autopsied specimens confirmed the opportunity for anastomosis formation on any part of colon. Conclusion. Compression colocolonic anastomosis formed by compression suturing device is characterized by low bacterial permeability, provides good durability and does not cause scarring in the anastomosis region. Revealed advantages of compression colonic suture allow recommending it for clinical use.
Functional and metabolic neutrophils activity in patients with acute intestinal infections and the influence of selimakcid
Authors: Murtazina G Kh , Fazylov V Kh , Ivanov A V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To explore the functional activity of neutrophils in healthy individuals and patients with acute intestinal infections and the effect of selimakcid on it in vitro. Methods. 48 patients with acute intestinal infections aged 20 to 60 years were examined. The control group consisted of 10 healthy people of the same age. Functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils was studied by a nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test and by «BURSTTEST» (Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Test). Results. Examination of the functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils in patients with acute intestinal infections revealed increased results of spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test in acute period of the disease. The same changes were discovered while studying the Serratia marcescens stimulated cell activity in patients with dysentery. However, in patients with salmonellosis neutrophils activity in induced nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test did not differ from that of healthy controls. The number of neutrophils synthesizing reactive oxidants recorded by «BURSTTEST» in patients corresponded to the indicators of the induced nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test and did not differ in patients with different nosologies. Studying the effect of selimakcid on neutrophils functional activity in healthy controls and patients with acute intestinal infections by nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test and «BURSTTEST» showed that pre-incubation of neutrophils with selimakcid intensified the response to Serratia marcescens. The ability of the drug to modulate the neutrophils activity in patients with acute intestinal infections was higher compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion. Increased functional activity of neutrophils associated with reduced reserve capacity was revealed in patients with salmonellosis and shigellosis of moderate severity. Selimakcid showed immunomodulatory effect, increasing the functional and metabolic potential of neutrophils in patients with acute intestinal infections in vitro.
The history of kazan medical scientific societies and their role in solving crucial questions of medicine and healthcare
Authors: Abrosimova M Yu , Artemyeva I Yu , Pospelova E Yu
Published: November 2019

The second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century is rightly named «The Golden Age of Russian science». At this time, scientific schools in Russia, including Kazan Emperor’s University and its medical faculty, established at May 14, 1814, were uprising. On the eve of 200-year jubilee of Kazan State Medical University the study of cooperation between Kazan medical scientific schools with medical scientific societies is of major importance. Their shared impact in public healthcare development is the subject of the article. The first medical scientific society established in 1868 was the society of Kazan doctors. Its history can be divided to 3 periods. The first period - 1868 to 1875 - is the establishment of the society as an independent scientific institution. The second - 1877 to 1917 - is the activity affiliated with Kazan University. The third - 1917 to 1931 - activities during the Soviet era, associated with establishment of a novel healthcare system. After the first Russian revolution (1905-1907) the process of creating specialized medical scientific societies, intimately connected to the appropriate medical scientific schools, has started. In 1931, the society of Kazan doctors was reorganized into the Regional association of medical scientific societies. Together with the society of Kazan doctors, there were: a society of natural scientists in Kazan University (1869), Kazan society of military medicine and sanitation (1886), Kazan branch of the Russian society of the healthcare (1880), Kazan society for fighting with children’s mortality and infective diseases (1909), League for fighting tuberculosis (1912) and sexually transmitted diseases (1918), also making an impact in developing medicine and healthcare. Independent medical scientific societies are created in the thirties of the XX century. Kazan medical scientific societies had a great impact in healthcare development in the XIX-XX centuries and promoted the development of Kazan medical scientific schools. Medical faculty of Kazan Emperor’s University, Kazan State Medical Institute and Kazan State Medical University played a great role in foundation and development of medical scientific societies in the Republic of Tatarstan.
Ideas of V.Z. Golubev - freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s university - in modern studies of renal microcirculation
Authors: Kaplunova O A
Published: November 2019

In 1894 V.Z. Golubev, freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s University, presented his thesis «Of the renal blood vessels in mammals and humans». In this work, V.Z. Golubev described the structure of two capillary networks of the renal cortex: glomerular and peritubular. He has identified true straight arterioles, false straight arterioles and direct venules of pyramids as parts of the renal medulla direct vessels. V.Z. Golubev described glomerular capillaries, located along the arcuate arteries of the kidney in the boundary layer and assigned these to the perivascular circulation, as well as noted the important role of the true direct arteriolar blood circulation to the kidneys. According to scientific researches of the second half of the XX century, the structure of the renal circulatory system is subordinated to differentiated renal blood flow in the cortex and medulla, and this is achieved by cortical and juxtamedullary blood flow. Significant increase and the duration of juxtaglomerular bypass cause severe circulatory disorders of the surface layers of kidney cortex and acute renal failure. Modern data on renal blood circulation prepared by researches of V.Z. Golubev, explain the development mechanism of various pathological conditions: acute blood loss, hydronephrosis, vasorenal hypertension, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cardiogenic shock, cardiorenal syndrome in uncontrolled coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, sudden cardiac death etc. V.Z. Golubev created a scientific basis for further studies of renal microcirculation. The principles, outlined in his thesis, anticipated later researches of renal juxtamedullary circulation and renal circulation in healthy people and in case of a disease. The thesis of V.Z. Golubev, published 120 years ago, is still of present interest and highlights the problems requiring further research.
The role of the Kazan university in formation of medical faculty at Novorossiysk university
Authors: Vasilyev K K , Vasilyev Y K
Published: November 2019

The medical faculty at Novorossiysk University in Odessa (nowadays - Odessa National Medical University) was established in 1900. The aim of the review is to outline the impact of medical scientists from Kazan University on forming the lecturing staff of the medical faculty in Odessa. The article reviews previously published and newly discovered source data. The first head of the department of diagnostic medicine and propaedeutics of the medical faculty was Sergey Vasilyevich Levashov, professor of Kazan University. He took up the position of professor at the department of internal medicine of the teaching hospital of Kazan University in June of 1886. In January of 1903, he was transferred to Novorossiysk University, which was a solid addition for the new faculty. Professor Leontiy Ivanovich Uskov followed professor Levashov on his way from Kazan to Odessa. In 1889 he graduated from gymnasium in Tambov, in 1894 - from medical faculty of Kazan State University magna cum laude, worked as a military doctor, since 1900 - as an ordinary resident of professor Levashov at the department of internal medicine of the teaching hospital of Kazan University. In 1903, Professor Nikolay Mikhaylovich Popov (in 1894-1903 - professor of the department of mental diseases at Kazan University) also transferred to Odessa. Professor Popov was the founder and the first head of the department of neurology and mental diseases in Odessa. Alexey Erastovich Yanishevsky, who was the student of Professor N.M. Popov in Kazan, followed him to Odessa. Another student of Professor Popov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Obraztsov, who graduated from medical faculty of Kazan University in 1898 and was recommended by Professor Popov for extraordinary residency at the department of mental diseases at Kazan University a year after, transferred to Odessa in 1904. Another alumnus of Kazan University, Bronislav Ivanovich Vorotynsky, was teaching at Novorossiysk University. In 1901 he left the position of extraordinary assistant professor of the department of mental diseases at Kazan University after being appointed as a head doctor of the Odessa city mental hospital; since 1905 he was a freelance university lecturer of the department of neurology and mental diseases at Novorossiysk University. Therefore, the lecturing staff of one of the country’s oldest medical schools contributed to establishing the new site of higher medical education in Russia.
Studies of neurotrophism morphological basis - developing traditions of Kazan medical school
Authors: Shvalev V N , Rogoza A N , Reutov V P , Sosunov A A , Kovalev V P , Batyrshyn T R
Published: November 2019

Ending second century of higher medical education in Kazan is characterized by a significant impact of its alumni to studies of nervism. The student of K.A. Arnshtein N. Lavdovsky, professors A.E. Smirnov and A.S. Dogel, students of A.N. Mislavsky B.I. Lavrentyev and N.G. Kolosov, their colleagues Yu.M. Lazovsky, A.Ya. Khabarova and V.N. Shvalev expanded knowledge on heart innervation. We summed up the results of decades-long analysis of changes of autonomous nervous system, reviewed the innervation of the cardiovascular system during the ontogenesis, level of NO-synthase in heart ganglions in health and disease, as well as functional data. The basis of our studies was set on the department of histology of Kazan State Medical University, headed by A.N. Mislavsky. Increasing with age loss of sympathetic innervation of cardiovascular system, which is compensated by humor factors according to Cannon-Rosenblueth rule, was discovered in quantitative neurohystochemical studies. Loosing sympathetic innervation, allowing to immediately mobilize their activity and activating neurotrophic factors, myocardial fibers produce more and more adrenoreceptors, reacting on catecholamines brought with the bloodstream. We were able to reveal intimate relation with central and peripheral nervous system damage while studying patients with cardiomyopathies. Firstly, antibodies to the components of the nervous system were found by immunocytochemistry in blood serum drawn from patients with various forms of cardiomyopathies. Secondly, our own quantitative neurohystochemical studies revealed that myocardial damage is associated with the deep lesions of its sympathetic nerve plexus, and there is de-afference (receptor degenerative damage) together with sympathetic denervation. The studying of the basis of the neurotrophism performed by Kazan neurohistologists and physiologists are deepened: conceptions of neurotrophic control are developed, the role of the neuroregulins - cytokines, produced in neurons - is studied, stimulating of neuroregulation using genic neurotrophic factors is used, direct cell gene therapy in patients with spinal injury is applied, molecular aspects of nerve regeneration stimulation are examined.
SVCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecules and heart structural and functional changes in patients with acute left ventricular aneurism following myocardial infarction
Authors: Kiselev S M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the expression of sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules in patients with acute left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction and assess the relationship with the processes of heart remodeling. Methods. 170 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction in the presence of Q-wave were examined. The expression of sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, electrocardiogram and Doppler echocardiography changes were studied depending on comorbidities and the development of acute left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction. Results. ST-segment elevation was still detectable in patients with left ventricular aneurysm compared to patients with no aneurism on the 3rd and 5th day after the disease onset, its amplitude was significantly higher, no dynamic changes of the T-wave in the anterior chest leads were registered. The prevalence of left ventricular dilatation, mitral regurgitation, reduced systolic function of left ventricle and type II diastolic dysfunction was higher in patients with left ventricular aneurysm. The relationship between sVCAM-1 vascular adhesion molecules expression with early remodeling after the myocardial infarction and left ventricular aneurysm development in acute stage of myocardial infarction in the presence of Q-wave was revealed. Conclusion. In the presence of such comorbidities as hypertension and diabetes, a higher level of sVCAM-1 vascular adhesion molecules expression was revealed in patients with left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction. ST-segment elevation and no dynamic changes of the T-wave were still registered by electrocardiography till the 5th day after the disease onset. Amplitudes of ST-segment and T-wave were significantly higher in patients with left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction compared to patients with no complications of myocardial infarction.