bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Archives of Idi Amin
Authors: Taylor Edgar C. , Abiti Nelson A. , Peterson Derek R. , Vokes Richard
Published: February 2022

This report describes the official photographic archives of Idi Amin’s government held by the Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC). During his reign from 1971 to 1979, Idi Amin embraced visual media as a tool for archiving the achievements of populist military rule as his government sought to reorient Ugandans’ relationship with the state. Only a handful of the resulting images were ever printed or seen, reflecting the regime’s archival impulse undergirded by paranoia of unauthorized ways of seeing. The UBC’s newly opened collection of over 60,000 negatives from Amin’s photographers, alongside files at the Uganda National Archives, offers the first comprehensive opportunity to study the Ugandan state under Amin’s dictatorship through the lens of its own documentarians.
Reckoning with Continuum Idealizations: Some Lessons from Soil Hydrology
Authors: Holmes Travis
Published: February 2022

In scientific modeling, continuum idealizations bridge scales but at the cost of fundamentally misrepresenting the microstructure of the system. This engenders a mystery. If continuum idealizations are dispensable in principle, this de-problematizes their representational inaccuracy, since continuum properties reduce to lower-scale properties, but the mystery of how this reduction could be carried out endures. Alternatively, if continuum idealizations are indispensable in principle, this is consistent with their explanatory and predictive success but renders their representational inaccuracy mysterious. I argue for a deflationary solution, enlisting the applied scientific method of upscaling as demonstrated in a case from soil hydrology.
What Are Neural Representations? A Cummins Functions Approach
Authors: Hacohen Ori
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces the Cummins Functions Approach to neural representations (CFA), which aims to capture the notion of representation that is relevant to contemporary neuroscientific practice. CFA shares the common view that “to be a representation of X” amounts to “having thefunctionoftrackingX,” but maintains that the relevant notion offunctionis defined by Robert Cummins’s account. Thus, CFA offers a notion of neural representation that is dependent on explanatory context. I argue that CFA can account for the normativity of neural representations, and defend its dependence on explanations.
Rethinking Ethnography for Philosophy of Science
Authors: Nersessian Nancy J. , MacLeod Miles
Published: February 2022

We lay groundwork for applying ethnographic methods in philosophy of science. We frame our analysis in terms of two tasks: (1) to identify the benefits of an ethnographic approach in philosophy of science and (2) to structure an ethnographic approach for philosophical investigation best adapted to provide information relevant to philosophical interests and epistemic values. To this end, we advocate for a purpose-guided form of cognitive ethnography that mediates between the explanatory and normative interests of philosophy of science, while maintaining openness and independence when framing such an investigation to achieve robust unbiased results.
Responsibility for Collective Epistemic Harms
Authors: Fleisher Will , Šešelja Dunja
Published: February 2022

Discussion of epistemic responsibility typically focuses on belief formation and actions leading to it. Similarly, accounts of collective epistemic responsibility have addressed the issue of collective belief formation and associated actions. However, there has been little discussion of collective responsibility for preventing epistemic harms, particularly those preventable only by the action of an unorganized group. We propose an account of collective epistemic responsibility that fills this gap. Building on Hindriks’s (2019) account of collective moral responsibility, we introduce the epistemic duty to join forces. Our theory provides an account of the responsibilities of scientists to prevent epistemic harms during inquiry.
Fish oil supplementation may improve attention, working memory and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Lundbergh Bjørn , Enevoldsen Ann Sofi , Stark Ken D. , Ritz Christian , Lauritzen Lotte
Published: February 2022

Marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3LCPUFA) have shown neurocognitive benefits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few trials have examined effects in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored, if n-3LCPUFA affect cognitive functions in adults with ASD, and if effects are modified by comorbid ADHD. In a 2 × 4 week crossover study, twenty-six participants were randomised to sequence of supplementation with fish oil (FO, 5·2 g/d n-3PUFA) and safflower oil (SO). At baseline and after each period, we measured primary outcomes: attention (d2-test) and spatial working memory (Corsi test) and secondary outcomes: flexibility (Stroop word-colour test), ADHD symptoms (Conners scales), executive functions (Behavioural Inventory of Executive Function) and social behaviour (Social Responsiveness Scale). The dropout rate was 15 %. Compliance was 94 % and correlated with whole-blood n-3LCPUFA. Corsi scores improved by ∼0·3 × sd (P = 0·032) after FO v. SO, and the odds for d2 errors were 30 % lower (P = 0·016), which was supported by improved Conners scores of attention (P = 0·023). Improvement in Conners ADHD symptom score was limited to participants with ADHD (–3·5(–6·0; –1·0), n 10 v. −0·2(–2·5;2·2), n 11 without ADHD, Pinteraction = 0·096), who also improved their behavioural regulation index by 0·3 × sd after FO (Pinteraction = 0·016). Participants without ADHD gained most in d2 test performance (OR = 0·4(0·2;0·7) v. 0·9(0·6;1·3) in those with ADHD, Pinteraction = 0·002), but their executive function score was exacerbated after FO (5·9(0·0,11·8), Pinteraction = 0·039). Our results did not show any effects on ASD symptoms, but suggest that FO may improve attention and working memory in adults with ASD and ameliorate ADHD symptoms in those with comorbid ADHD.
Irrational-slope versions of thompson's groups T and V
Authors: Burillo José , Nucinkis Brita , Reeves Lawrence
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we consider the $T$- and $V$-versions, ${T_\tau }$ and ${V_\tau }$, of the irrational slope Thompson group ${F_\tau }$ considered in J. Burillo, B. Nucinkis and L. Reeves [An irrational-slope Thompson's group, Publ. Mat. 65 (2021), 809–839]. We give infinite presentations for these groups and show how they can be represented by tree-pair diagrams similar to those for $T$ and $V$. We also show that ${T_\tau }$ and ${V_\tau }$ have index-$2$ normal subgroups, unlike their original Thompson counterparts $T$ and $V$. These index-$2$ subgroups are shown to be simple.
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida from refrigerated raw milk: genetic diversity and lipoproteolytic activity
Authors: Longhi Rosana De , Correia Selma de Souza , Bruzaroski Samera Rafaela , Poli-Frederico Regina Celia , Fagnani Rafael , Santana Elsa Helena Walter de
Published: February 2022

In this research communication the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas fluorescens (n = 67) and Pseudomonas putida (n = 44) isolated from refrigerated raw milk from bulk tank trucks were verified. The relationship between the genetic profile of the isolates and their lipoproteolytic potential was evaluated using skim milk agar and tributyrin agar (21°C/72 h). The lipoproteolytic potential (low or high), evaluated by the diameter of the halos (cm), was correlated with the number of milk producing properties that contributed to each sample (one sample = one bulk tank truck; 8−80 producers/sample) and the distance between the dairy properties and the processing plant (21−370 km). P. fluorescens was confirmed in all samples, while P. putida in 60% samples. For both species, two clusters (I and II) were observed, and the first one showed lower genotypic diversity and the presence of isolates with 100% similarity. P. fluorescens isolates presenting at least 70% similarity were 83.9% in Cluster I (n = 31) and 44.4% in Cluster II. In both clusters (I and II) observed in the P. fluorescens dendrogram, the occurrence of high proteolytic and lipolytic potential were equivalent. The higher the number of farms per milk sample, the greater the lipoproteolytic intensity of P. fluorescens isolates. In relation to P. putida isolates, 74% presented at least 50% similarity in Cluster I (n = 27) and only 35% in Cluster II (n = 17). The occurrence of high proteolysis linked to P. putida was proportional between both Clusters, but the occurrence of high lipolysis was greater in Cluster II. No significant association was detected between P. putida isolates and the variables studied. The results indicate the circulation of P. putida and P. fluorescens with 100% similarity in different milk producing regions. The level of genetic diversity was related only to the lipolytic capacity of P. putida.
Architectural research in university schools of architecture: Cambridge and the Bartlett, 1960–9
Authors: Ruamsanitwong Natcha , Campbell James W. P.
Published: February 2022

In November 2004, the University of Cambridge announced its intention to close the Architecture Department,1 following a drop from a 5 to a 4 in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), which aimed to measure the quality of research activity across the Higher Education sector in the UK.2 Other departments in the University of Cambridge achieved a 5 or a 5* rating in the same exercise. In 2004 the University’s General Board, which oversees academic standards within the University, came to the conclusion that the Department of Architecture was making ‘insufficient progress towards meeting Cambridge standards in terms of research quality’ and advised that it should be shut down.3 While this remained a recommendation, with no official action having yet been made, the threat of closure sparked an outrage both within and outside Cambridge. After a campaign in the national press, the architecture department was saved [1, 2].
Setting the terms of state intervention: employers, unions and the politics of inclusiveness in Austrian and Danish vocational education institutions
Authors: Carstensen Martin B. , Emmenegger Patrick , Unterweger Daniel F.
Published: February 2022

How do coalitional dynamics matter for the capacity of states to maintain social inclusion in coordinated models of capitalism? Taking its departure in scholarship emphasizing the influence of employers on the extent of state intervention in post-industrial economies, this paper argues that employer influence depends on which actors they team up with – unions or parties. If unions depend on employers for their organizational influence in a policy field, unions become a strong coalitional partner for employers in weakening demands for inclusiveness from the parliamentary arena. Conversely, if unions have influence independent of any coalition with employers, both unions and employers are likely to team up with political parties aligned with their preferences. This makes the level of inclusion resulting from increased state intervention more fluctuating, depending on who holds government power. A comparative study of reforms of Danish and Austrian vocational education institutions corroborates the empirical purchase of the argument.
Streamer Discharges in the Atmosphere of Primordial Earth
Authors: Köhn C. , Chanrion O. , Enghoff M. Bødker , Dujko S.
Published: February 2022

The seminal Miller‐Urey experiment suggests that lightning may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth through the formation of amino acids and carbon acids. We here focus on the early stages of lightning in the atmosphere of Primordial Earth, so‐called streamer discharges. We discuss rate coefficients for electrons and study electron avalanches and avalanche‐to‐streamer transitions by modeling the motion of electrons with a 2.5 D particle‐in‐cell Monte Carlo code in the strongly reducing atmosphere used by Miller and Urey (MU) and the weakly reducing atmospheric suggested more recently (by Kasting (1993),https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11536547) for Earth 3.8 Ga ago and compare results with conditions on Modern Earth. Our simulations show that streamers incept at fields of 140–180 Td in Kasting's mixture and at fields of ≈114 Td in the MU mixture, thus their inception is more difficult in Kasting's mixture. Conclusively, discharges on Primordial Earth might have been more challenging to incept.
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor knockout in mice attenuates fear responses in contextual or cued but not compound context-cue fear conditioning
Authors: Bouchekioua Youcef , Nebuka Mao , Sasamori Hitomi , Nishitani Naoya , Sugiura Chiaki , Sato Masaaki , Yoshioka Mitsuhiro , Ohmura Yu
Published: February 2022

Previous findings have proposed that drugs targeting 5-HT2C receptors could be promising candidates in the treatment of trauma- and stress-related disorders. However, the reduction of conditioned freezing observed in 5-HT2C receptor knock-out (KO) mice in previous studies could alternatively be accounted for by increased locomotor activity. To neutralize the confound of individual differences in locomotor activity, we measured a ratio of fear responses during versus before the presentation of a conditioned stimulus previously paired with a footshock (as a fear measure) by utilizing a conditioned licking suppression paradigm. We first confirmed that 5-HT2C receptor gene KO attenuated fear responses to distinct types of single conditioned stimuli (context or tone) independently of locomotor activity. We then assessed the effects of 5-HT2C receptor gene KO on compound fear responses by examining mice that were jointly conditioned to a context and a tone and later re-exposed separately to each. We found that separate re-exposure to individual components of a complex fear memory (i.e., context and tone) failed to elicit contextual fear extinction in both 5-HT2C receptor gene KO and wild-type mice, and also abolished differences between genotypes in tone-cued fear extinction. This study delineates a previously overlooked role of 5-HT2C receptors in conditioned fear responses, and invites caution in the future assessment of molecular targets and candidate therapies for the treatment of PTSD.
Urgent dental care use in the North East and Cumbria: predicting repeat attendance
Authors: Currie Charlotte , Stone Simon , Pearce Mark , Landes David , Durham Justin
Published: February 2022

Abstract

IntroductionAround one-third of the UK population are 'problem-orientated dental attenders', only seeking care when suffering with dental pain and often on a repeated basis to secondary care. Little is known about attendance in primary care. The aim here was to examine the period prevalence of repeat urgent care attenders and establish predictors of repeat attendance in primary care.

MethodsData on urgent and emergency dental care attendances in primary dental care in the North East and Cumbria were analysed from 2013-2019. Variables included: patient sex; ten-year age band; lower super output area; and Index of Multiple Deprivation. Period prevalence was calculated and data were considered year by year to identify trends in attendances. Analysis was with descriptive statistics and predictors of repeat attendance were identified using logistic regression modelling.

ResultsOver the six-year period, there were 601,432 attendances for urgent primary dental care, equating to a period prevalence of 2.76% for the geographic population studied. In total, 16.15% of attendances were repeat attendances (period prevalence 0.45%) and predictors included being a woman and residence in deprived and rural areas. All urgent care attendances decreased over the six-year period, with one-off attendances beginning to increase again in 2019, while repeat attendances stabilised.

ConclusionInterventions to encourage regular dental attendances should be targeted at patients from the most deprived and rural areas of the North East and Cumbria; however, a decrease in repeat attendance was noted in these areas.
Lapcin, a potent dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitor discovered by soil metagenome guided total chemical synthesis
Authors: Wang Zongqiang , Forelli Nicholas , Hernandez Yozen , Ternei Melinda , Brady Sean F.
Published: February 2022

In natural product discovery programs, the power of synthetic chemistry is often leveraged for the total synthesis and diversification of characterized metabolites. The synthesis of structures that are bioinformatically predicted to arise from uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provides a means for synthetic chemistry to enter this process at an early stage. The recent identification of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) containing multiple ρ-aminobenzoic acids (PABAs) led us to search soil metagenomes for BGCs that polymerize PABA. Here, we use PABA-specific adenylation-domain sequences to guide the cloning of the lap BGC directly from soil. This BGC was predicted to encode a unique N-acylated PABA and thiazole containing structure. Chemical synthesis of this structure gave lapcin, a dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitor with nM to pM IC50s against diverse cancer cell lines. The discovery of lapcin highlights the power of coupling metagenomics, bioinformatics and total chemical synthesis to unlock the biosynthetic potential contained in even complex uncharacterized BGCs.
Time- and site-resolved kinetic NMR for real-time monitoring of off-equilibrium reactions by 2D spectrotemporal correlations
Authors: Jaroszewicz Michael J. , Liu Mengxiao , Kim Jihyun , Zhang Guannan , Kim Yaewon , Hilty Christian , Frydman Lucio
Published: February 2022

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides detailed information about dynamic processes through line-shape changes, which are traditionally limited to equilibrium conditions. However, a wealth of information is available by studying chemical reactions under off-equilibrium conditions—e.g., in states that arise upon mixing reactants that subsequently undergo chemical changes—and in monitoring the reactants and products in real time. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a time-resolved kinetic NMR experiment that combines rapid mixing techniques, continuous flow, and single-scan spectroscopic imaging methods, leading in unison to a 2D spectrotemporal NMR correlation that provides high-quality kinetic information of off-equilibrium chemical reactions. These kinetic 2D NMR spectra possess a high-resolution spectral dimension revealing the individual chemical sites, correlated with a time-independent, steady-state spatial axis that delivers information concerning temporal changes along the reaction coordinate. A comprehensive description of the kinetic, spectroscopic, and experimental features associated with these spectrotemporal NMR analyses is presented. Experimental demonstrations are carried out using an enzymatically catalyzed reaction leading to site- and time-resolved kinetic NMR data, that are in excellent agreement with control experiments and literature values.
Development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live vaccine for varicella
Authors: Wang Wei , Pan Dequan , Fu Wenkun , Ye Xiangzhong , Han Jinle , Yang Lianwei , Jia Jizong , Liu Jian , Zhu Rui , Zhang Yali , Liu Che , Ye Jianghui , Selariu Anca , Que Yuqiong , Zhao Qinjian , Wu Ting , Li Yimin , Zhang Jun , Cheng Tong , Zhu Hua , Xia Ningshao
Published: February 2022

Varicella caused by the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) exerts a considerable disease burden globally. Current varicella vaccines consisting of the live-attenuated vOka strain of VZV are generally safe and effective. However, vOka retains full neurovirulence and can establish latency and reactivate to cause herpes zoster in vaccine recipients, raising safety concerns. Here, we rationally design a live-attenuated varicella vaccine candidate, v7D. This virus replicates like wild-type virus in MRC-5 fibroblasts and human PBMCs, the carrier for VZV dissemination, but is severely impaired for infection of human skin and neuronal cells. Meanwhile, v7D shows immunogenicity comparable to vOka both in vitro and in multiple small animal species. Finally, v7D is proven well-tolerated and immunogenic in nonhuman primates. Our preclinical data suggest that v7D is a promising candidate as a safer live varicella vaccine with reduced risk of vaccine-related complications, and could inform the design of other herpes virus vaccines.
Data-informed discovery of hydrolytic nanozymes
Authors: Li Sirong , Zhou Zijun , Tie Zuoxiu , Wang Bing , Ye Meng , Du Lei , Cui Ran , Liu Wei , Wan Cuihong , Liu Quanyi , Zhao Sheng , Wang Quan , Zhang Yihong , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Huigang , Du Yan , Wei Hui
Published: February 2022

Nanozyme is a collection of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity but higher environmental tolerance and long-term stability than their natural counterparts. Improving the catalytic activity and expanding the category of nanozymes are prerequisites to complement or even supersede enzymes. However, the development of hydrolytic nanozymes is still challenged by diverse hydrolytic substrates and following complicated mechanisms. Here, two strategies are informed by data to screen and predict catalytic active sites of MOF (metal–organic framework) based hydrolytic nanozymes: (1) to increase the intrinsic activity by finely tuned Lewis acidity of the metal clusters; (2) to improve the density of active sites by shortening the length of ligands. Finally, as-obtained Ce-FMA-MOF-based hydrolytic nanozyme is capable of cleaving phosphate bonds, amide bonds, glycosidic bonds, and even their mixture, biofilms. This work provides a rational methodology to design hydrolytic nanozyme, enriches the diversity of nanozymes, and potentially sheds light on future evolution of enzyme engineering.
Deep learning-based high-accuracy quantitation for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration from MRI
Authors: Zheng Hua-Dong , Sun Yue-Li , Kong De-Wei , Yin Meng-Chen , Chen Jiang , Lin Yong-Peng , Ma Xue-Feng , Wang Hong-Shen , Yuan Guang-Jie , Yao Min , Cui Xue-Jun , Tian Ying-Zhong , Wang Yong-Jun
Published: February 2022

To help doctors and patients evaluate lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) accurately and efficiently, we propose a segmentation network and a quantitation method for IVDD from T2MRI. A semantic segmentation network (BianqueNet) composed of three innovative modules achieves high-precision segmentation of IVDD-related regions. A quantitative method is used to calculate the signal intensity and geometric features of IVDD. Manual measurements have excellent agreement with automatic calculations, but the latter have better repeatability and efficiency. We investigate the relationship between IVDD parameters and demographic information (age, gender, position and IVDD grade) in a large population. Considering these parameters present strong correlation with IVDD grade, we establish a quantitative criterion for IVDD. This fully automated quantitation system for IVDD may provide more precise information for clinical practice, clinical trials, and mechanism investigation. It also would increase the number of patients that can be monitored.
Heterogeneous repolarization creates ventricular tachycardia circuits in healed myocardial infarction scar
Authors: Kelemen Kamilla , Greener Ian D. , Wan Xiaoping , Parajuli Shankar , Donahue J. Kevin
Published: February 2022

Arrhythmias originating in scarred ventricular myocardium are a major cause of death, but the underlying mechanism allowing these rhythms to exist remains unknown. This gap in knowledge critically limits identification of at-risk patients and treatment once arrhythmias become manifest. Here we show that potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunits 3 and 4 (KCNE3, KCNE4) are uniquely upregulated at arrhythmia sites within scarred myocardium. Ventricular arrhythmias occur in areas with a distinctive cardiomyocyte repolarization pattern, where myocyte tracts with short repolarization times connect to myocytes tracts with long repolarization times. We found this unique pattern of repolarization heterogeneity only in ventricular arrhythmia circuits. In contrast, conduction abnormalities were ubiquitous within scar. These repolarization heterogeneities are consistent with known functional effects of KCNE3 and KCNE4 on the slow delayed-rectifier potassium current. We observed repolarization heterogeneity using conventional cardiac electrophysiologic techniques that could potentially translate to identification of at-risk patients. The neutralization of the repolarization heterogeneities could represent a potential strategy for the elimination of ventricular arrhythmia circuits.
The spatial transcriptomic landscape of the healing mouse intestine following damage
Authors: Parigi Sara M. , Larsson Ludvig , Das Srustidhar , Ramirez Flores Ricardo O. , Frede Annika , Tripathi Kumar P. , Diaz Oscar E. , Selin Katja , Morales Rodrigo A. , Luo Xinxin , Monasterio Gustavo , Engblom Camilla , Gagliani Nicola , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Lundeberg Joakim , Villablanca Eduardo J.
Published: February 2022

The intestinal barrier is composed of a complex cell network defining highly compartmentalized and specialized structures. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to define how the transcriptomic landscape is spatially organized in the steady state and healing murine colon. At steady state conditions, we demonstrate a previously unappreciated molecular regionalization of the colon, which dramatically changes during mucosal healing. Here, we identified spatially-organized transcriptional programs defining compartmentalized mucosal healing, and regions with dominant wired pathways. Furthermore, we showed that decreased p53 activation defined areas with increased presence of proliferating epithelial stem cells. Finally, we mapped transcriptomics modules associated with human diseases demonstrating the translational potential of our dataset. Overall, we provide a publicly available resource defining principles of transcriptomic regionalization of the colon during mucosal healing and a framework to develop and progress further hypotheses.
Micro-mechanical blood clot testing using smartphones
Authors: Chan Justin , Michaelsen Kelly , Estergreen Joanne K. , Sabath Daniel E. , Gollakota Shyamnath
Published: February 2022

Frequent prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) testing is critical for millions of people on lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin. Currently, testing is performed in hospital laboratories or with expensive point-of-care devices limiting the ability to test frequently and affordably. We report a proof-of-concept PT/INR testing system that uses the vibration motor and camera on smartphones to track micro-mechanical movements of a copper particle. The smartphone system computed the PT/INR with inter-class correlation coefficients of 0.963 and 0.966, compared to a clinical-grade coagulation analyzer for 140 plasma samples and demonstrated similar results for 80 whole blood samples using a single drop of blood (10 μl). When tested with 79 blood samples with coagulopathic conditions, the smartphone system demonstrated a correlation of 0.974 for both PT/INR. Given the ubiquity of smartphones in the global setting, this proof-of-concept technology may provide affordable and effective PT and INR testing in low-resource environments.
PEBP balances apoptosis and autophagy in whitefly upon arbovirus infection
Authors: Wang Shifan , Guo Huijuan , Zhu-Salzman Keyan , Ge Feng , Sun Yucheng
Published: February 2022

Apoptosis and autophagy are two common forms of programmed cell death (PCD) used by host organisms to fight against virus infection. PCD in arthropod vectors can be manipulated by arboviruses, leading to arbovirus-vector coexistence, although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we find that coat protein (CP) of an insect-borne plant virus TYLCV directly interacts with a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) in its vector whitefly to downregulate MAPK signaling cascade. As a result, apoptosis is activated in the whitefly increasing viral load. Simultaneously, the PEBP4-CP interaction releases ATG8, a hallmark of autophagy initiation, which reduces arbovirus levels. Furthermore, apoptosis-promoted virus amplification is prevented by agonist-induced autophagy, whereas the autophagy-suppressed virus load is unaffected by manipulating apoptosis, suggesting that the viral load is predominantly determined by autophagy rather than by apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that a mild intracellular immune response including balanced apoptosis and autophagy might facilitate arbovirus preservation within its whitefly insect vector.
Colocalized, bidirectional optogenetic modulations in freely behaving mice with a wireless dual-color optoelectronic probe
Authors: Li Lizhu , Lu Lihui , Ren Yuqi , Tang Guo , Zhao Yu , Cai Xue , Shi Zhao , Ding He , Liu Changbo , Cheng Dali , Xie Yang , Wang Huachun , Fu Xin , Yin Lan , Luo Minmin , Sheng Xing
Published: February 2022

Optogenetic methods provide efficient cell-specific modulations, and the ability of simultaneous neural activation and inhibition in the same brain region of freely moving animals is highly desirable. Here we report bidirectional neuronal activity manipulation accomplished by a wireless, dual-color optogenetic probe in synergy with the co-expression of two spectrally distinct opsins (ChrimsonR and stGtACR2) in a rodent model. The flexible probe comprises vertically assembled, thin-film microscale light-emitting diodes with a lateral dimension of 125 × 180 µm2, showing colocalized red and blue emissions and enabling chronic in vivo operations with desirable biocompatibilities. Red or blue irradiations deterministically evoke or silence neurons co-expressing the two opsins. The probe interferes with dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of mice, increasing or decreasing dopamine levels. Such bidirectional regulations further generate rewarding and aversive behaviors and interrogate social interactions among multiple mice. These technologies create numerous opportunities and implications for brain research.
Sensitivity of the electronic and magnetic structures of cuprate superconductors to density functional approximations
Authors: Pokharel Kanun , Lane Christopher , Furness James W. , Zhang Ruiqi , Ning Jinliang , Barbiellini Bernardo , Markiewicz Robert S. , Zhang Yubo , Bansil Arun , Sun Jianwei
Published: February 2022

We discuss the crystal, electronic, and magnetic structures of La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) for x = 0.0 and x = 0.25 employing 13 density functional approximations, representing the local, semi-local, and hybrid exchange-correlation approximations within the Perdew–Schmidt hierarchy. The meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) class of functionals is found to perform well in capturing the key properties of LSCO, a prototypical high-temperature cuprate superconductor. In contrast, the localspin-density approximation, GGA, and the hybrid density functional fail to capture the metal-insulator transition under doping.
Identification of milk from different animal and plant sources by desorption electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-MS)
Authors: Hong Yunhe , Birse Nicholas , Quinn Brian , Montgomery Holly , Wu Di , Rosas da Silva Gonçalo , van Ruth Saskia M. , Elliott Christopher T.
Published: February 2022

This study used desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyse and detect and classify biomarkers in five different animal and plant sources of milk for the first time. A range of differences in terms of features was observed in the spectra of cow milk, goat milk, camel milk, soya milk, and oat milk. Chemometric modelling was then used to classify the mass spectra data, enabling unique or significant markers for each milk source to be identified. The classification of different milk sources was achieved with a cross-validation percentage rate of 100% through linear discriminate analysis (LDA) with high sensitivity to adulteration (0.1–5% v/v). The DESI-MS results from the milk samples analysed show the methodology to have high classification accuracy, and in the absence of complex sample clean-up which is often associated with authenticity testing, to be a rapid and efficient approach for milk fraud control.
Copper(II)-β-cyclodextrin immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a highly effective catalyst for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols
Authors: Ghafuri Hossein , Rashidizadeh Afsaneh , Gorab Mostafa Ghafori , Jafari Ghazaleh
Published: February 2022

In this study, an efficient catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) and copper(II) supported β-cyclodextrin (β-CD/Cu(II)) was synthesized and used for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols. In this regard, CN was functionalized by β-CD/Cu(II) via 1,3-dibromopropane linker (CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II)). The prepared catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, ICP-OES, BET, and TEM analyses. CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II) was subsequently applied in a direct oxidative amidation reaction and it was observed that different benzyl alcohols were converted to desire amides with good to excellent efficiency. This reaction was performed in the presence of amine hydrochloride salts, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and Ca2CO3 in acetonitrile (CH3CN) under nitrogen atmosphere. CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II) can be recycled and reused five times without significant reduction in reaction efficiency.
The role of temporal distance of the events on the spatiotemporal dynamics of mental time travel to one’s personal past and future
Authors: Colás-Blanco I. , Mioche J. , La Corte V. , Piolino P.
Published: February 2022

Mental time travel to personal past and future events shows remarkable cognitive and neural similarities. Both temporalities seem to rely on the same core network involving episodic binding and monitoring processes. However, it is still unclear in what way the temporal distance of the simulated events modulates the recruitment of this network when mental time-travelling to the past and the future. The present study explored the electrophysiological correlates of remembering and imagining personal events at two temporal distances from the present moment (near and far). Temporal distance modulated the late parietal component (LPC) and the late frontal effect (LFE), respectively involved in episodic and monitoring processes. Interestingly, temporal distance modulations differed in the past and future event simulation, suggesting greater episodic processing for near as opposed to far future situations (with no differences on near and far past), and the implementation of greater post-simulation monitoring processes for near past as compared to far past events (with high demands on both near and far future). These findings show that both past and future event simulations are affected by the temporal distance of the events, although not exactly in a mirrored way. They are discussed according to the increasing role of semantic memory in episodic mental time travel to farther temporal distances from the present.
Aged related human skin microbiome and mycobiome in Korean women
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Oh Han Na , Park Taehun , Kim Hanbyul , Lee Hyun Gee , An Susun , Sul Woo Jun
Published: February 2022

We examined differences in the skin microbiome of two separate age groups to find key microbial and skin physiological indicators associated with aging. We recruited healthy Korean women 19–28 years old (Y-group) and 60–63 years old (O-group) and evaluated their cheek and forehead skin microbiome, including bacteria and fungi. The microbiome was significantly different by age group, with bacterial and fungal communities displaying higher alpha-diversity in the O-group than in the Y-group. We identified amplicon sequence variants affiliated with Cutibacterium and Lactobacillus and fungi Malassezia restricta as microbial biomarkers showing significant differences between the Y and O-group. There are more microbial communities and metabolic processes related to skin health in the Y-group than in the O-group, and there are more microbial interactions to increase the stability of the network structure of the skin. Skin physical metadata, including transepidermal water loss and sebum content, differed by two age groups. The crucial skin microbes, skin physical parameters, and microbial network found through this research will be useful key indicators in associating skin aging and skin microbiome research.
Investigation of thermal performance of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid boundary value problem in vertical porous surface via finite element approach
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , El-Zahar Essam R. , Elhag S. H. , Bayones Fatimah S. , Nazir Umar , Sohail Muhammad , Kumam Poom
Published: February 2022

The study of thermo-physical characteristics is essential to observe the impact of several influential parameters on temperature and velocity fields. The transportation of heat in fluid flows and thermal instability/stability is a charming area of research due to their wider applications and physical significance because of their utilization in different engineering systems. This report is prepared to study thermal transportation in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid past over an infinite stretchable vertical porous sheet. An inclusion of hybrid nanofluid is performed to monitor the aspects of thermal transportation. Keeping in mind the advantages of thermal failure, non-Fourier theory for heat flux model is utilized. Aspects of external heat source are also considered. The mathematical formulation for the considered model with certain important physical aspects results in the form of coupled nonlinear PDEs system. The obtained system is reduced by engaging boundary layer approximation. Afterwards, transformations have been utilized to convert the modeled PDEs system into ODEs system. The converted nonlinear ODEs system is then handled via finite element method coded in symbolic computational package MAPLE 18.0. Grid independent survey is presented for the validation of used approach and the comparative analysis has been done to confirm the reliability of obtained solution. The obtained solution is discussed and physical aspects have been explored and recorded against numerous involved influential variables. Motion into hybrid nanoparticles and nanoparticles becomes slow down versus higher values of Forchheimer and Darcy’s porous numbers. Thermal growth is enhanced for the case of hybrid nano-structures rather than for case of nanofluid. Thickness regarding momentum layer is dominated for hybrid nanoparticles rather than case of nanoparticles.
Simultaneous realization of polarization conversion for reflected and transmitted waves with bi-functional metasurface
Authors: Huang Xiaojun , Ma Xia , Li Xuewen , Fan Jingdao , Guo Liang , Yang Helin
Published: February 2022

Manipulating the polarizations of electroagnetic waves by flexible and diverse means is desirable for myriad microwave systems. More recently, metasurfaces have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional polarization manipulation components because the flexibility of their geometry means that they can be arbitrarily customized. In this context, a bilayered metasurface is presented to simultaneously manipulate the polarized states of reflected and transmitted microwaves. Regardless of whether an incident electromagnetic wave is x-polarized or y-polarized, the reflected and transmitted waves are converted into their orthogonal waves at the operating frequency. The designed metasurface has a high polarization conversion rate, above 90%, for both normal and oblique incidences. Experimental results verify the correctness of the simulated results. Finally, the axial ratio and surface current distributions are employed to reveal the physics of the polarization manipulation. The proposed metasurface will be beneficial in the design of flexible and versatile polarization converters, has great potential for applications in polarization-controlled devices and is believed to be extendable to higher frequency regimes.
Congenital collagenopathies increased the risk of inguinal hernia developing and repair: analysis from a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chang Hao-Han , Juan Yung-Shun , Li Ching-Chia , Lee Hsiang-Ying , Chen Jian-Han
Published: February 2022

Herein, we aimed to explore whether male patients with congenital collagen diseases had a higher risk of inguinal herniation than patients without these diseases. Data were retrospectively collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The study cohort included 1,801 male patients diagnosed with congenital collagen diseases based on the ICD-9 CM diagnostic codes; after propensity score matching, the control group comprised 6,493 men without congenital collagen diseases. The primary endpoint was inguinal hernia repair during the observation period. During a median follow-up period of 133.9 months, the risk of inguinal herniation in the collagen group was significantly higher than that in the control group (HR = 2.237, 95% CI 1.646–3.291, p < 0.001). This phenomenon was observed in patients younger than 18 years (HR: 3.040, 95% CI 1.819–5.083, p < 0.001) and in those aged 18–80 years (HR: 1.909, 95% CI 1.186–3.073, p < 0.001). Asian men with congenital collagen diseases are at a high risk of developing inguinal hernias, regardless of age. Detailed physical examination and patient education should be performed for these patients to prevent inguinal herniation.
Slow and soft passage through tipping point of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing climate
Authors: Kim Soong-Ki , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Dijkstra Henk A. , An Soon-Il
Published: February 2022

Paleo-proxy records suggest that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exhibits a threshold for an abrupt change, a so-called tipping point. A classical bifurcation theory, a basis of the tipping dynamics of AMOC implicitly assumes that the tipping point is fixed. However, when a system is subjected to time-varying forcing (e.g., AMOC exposed to ice meltwater) an actual tipping point can be overshot due to delayed tipping, referred to as the slow passage effect. Here, using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity and a low-order model with freshwater forcing, we show that the tipping point of AMOC is largely delayed by the slow passage effect. It causes a large tipping lag of up to 1300 years, and strongly relaxes the abruptness of tipping as well. We further demonstrate that the tipping modulation can actively occur in past, present, and future climates by quantifying the effect during Dansgaard-Oeschger events, meltwater pulse 1A (MWP-1A), and current Greenland ice sheet melting. The suggested slow passage effect may explain the observed lagged AMOC collapse to MWP-1A of about 1000 years and provides implications tipping risk in the future.
Three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics uncovers cell type localizations in the human rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Authors: Vickovic Sanja , Schapiro Denis , Carlberg Konstantin , Lötstedt Britta , Larsson Ludvig , Hildebrandt Franziska , Korotkova Marina , Hensvold Aase H. , Catrina Anca I. , Sorger Peter K. , Malmström Vivianne , Regev Aviv , Ståhl Patrik L.
Published: February 2022

The inflamed rheumatic joint is a highly heterogeneous and complex tissue with dynamic recruitment and expansion of multiple cell types that interact in multifaceted ways within a localized area. Rheumatoid arthritis synovium has primarily been studied either by immunostaining or by molecular profiling after tissue homogenization. Here, we use Spatial Transcriptomics, where tissue-resident RNA is spatially labeled in situ with barcodes in a transcriptome-wide fashion, to study local tissue interactions at the site of chronic synovial inflammation. We report comprehensive spatial RNA-Seq data coupled to cell type-specific localization patterns at and around organized structures of infiltrating leukocyte cells in the synovium. Combining morphological features and high-throughput spatially resolved transcriptomics may be able to provide higher statistical power and more insights into monitoring disease severity and treatment-specific responses in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.
In vitro reconstitution of an efficient nucleotide excision repair system using mesophilic enzymes from Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Seck Anna , De Bonis Salvatore , Saint-Pierre Christine , Gasparutto Didier , Ravanat Jean-Luc , Timmins Joanna
Published: February 2022

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a universal and versatile DNA repair pathway, capable of removing a very wide range of lesions, including UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and bulky adducts. In bacteria, NER involves the sequential action of the UvrA, UvrB and UvrC proteins to release a short 12- or 13-nucleotide DNA fragment containing the damaged site. Although bacterial NER has been the focus of numerous studies over the past 40 years, a number of key questions remain unanswered regarding the mechanisms underlying DNA damage recognition by UvrA, the handoff to UvrB and the site-specific incision by UvrC. In the present study, we have successfully reconstituted in vitro a robust NER system using the UvrABC proteins from the radiation resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans. We have investigated the influence of various parameters, including temperature, salt, protein and ATP concentrations, protein purity and metal cations, on the dual incision by UvrABC, so as to find the optimal conditions for the efficient release of the short lesion-containing oligonucleotide. This newly developed assay relying on the use of an original, doubly-labelled DNA substrate has allowed us to probe the kinetics of repair on different DNA substrates and to determine the order and precise sites of incisions on the 5′ and 3′ sides of the lesion. This new assay thus constitutes a valuable tool to further decipher the NER pathway in bacteria.
Enzyme kinetics in confined geometries at the single enzyme level
Authors: Murahara Hisashi , Kaji Noritada , Tokeshi Manabu , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: February 2022

Different confinement, femtoliter chambers and molecular crowders revealed the effects on the catalytic rates of β-galactosidase at the single molecule level.
An entropy-driven signal-off DNA circuit for label-free, visual detection of small molecules with enhanced accuracy
Authors: Li Tuqiang , Wang Yulan , Zhang Yanan , Zhou Guobao , Li Lei
Published: February 2022

A signal-off DNA circuit assay was proposed for the label-free, visible detection of small molecules with enhanced sensitivity and accuracy.
A self-immolative linker that releases thiols detects penicillin amidase and nitroreductase with high sensitivity via absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Espinoza Eli M. , Røise Joachim J. , He Maomao , Li I-Che , Agatep Alvin K. , Udenyi Patrick , Han Hesong , Jackson Nicole , Kerr D. Lucas , Chen Dake , Stentzel Michael R. , Ruan Emily , Riley Lee , Murthy Niren
Published: February 2022

This article reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel self-immolative linker, based on thiocarbonates, which releases a free thiol upon activation via enzymes.
Selective direct conversion of aqueous ethanol into butadiene via rational design of multifunctional catalysts
Authors: Wang Kangzhou , Peng Xiaobo , Wang Chengwei , Gao Weizhe , Liu Na , Guo Xiaoyu , He Yingluo , Yang Guohui , Jiang Lilong , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: February 2022

The highly efficient multifunctional 3% Y–Zn0.02Zr0.02/Si-beta catalyst possessed superior butadiene selectivity and ethanol conversion in direct conversion of aqueous ethanol into butadiene.
Fabrication of tailored rod-shaped carbon nitride, g-C3N4, decorated with MoSe2 flowers for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenol, organic dye degradation and biocompatibility studies
Authors: Sarma Liza , Mann Garima , Datta Anupama , Thirumal Meganathan
Published: February 2022

A facile hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize a self-assembled tailored rod-shaped g-C3N4 anchored with molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) flowers.