bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exergaming in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Compared to Conventional Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Blasco-Peris Carles , Fuertes-Kenneally Laura , Vetrovsky Tomas , Sarabia José , Climent-Paya Vicente , Manresa-Rocamora Agustín
Published: March 2022

Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are used for improving prognosis and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonetheless, adherence to these programs is low, and exercise-based CR programs based on virtual reality (i.e., exergaming) have been proposed as an alternative to conventional CR programs. However, whether exergaming programs are superior to conventional CR programs in patients with CVD is not known. Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to explore whether exergaming enhances exercise capacity, quality of life, mental health, motivation, and exercise adherence to a greater extent than conventional CR programs in patients with CVD. Method: Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases up to June 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using robust variance estimation with small-sample corrections. The effect sizes were calculated as the mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) as appropriate. The SMD magnitude was classified as trivial (<0.20), small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), or large (≥0.80). Heterogeneity was interpreted based on the I2 statistics as low (25%), moderate (50%), or high (75%). Results: Pooled analyses showed no differences between exergaming and conventional CR programs for enhancing exercise capacity (i.e., distance covered in the six-minute walk test) (MD+ = 14.07 m (95% confidence interval (CI) −38.18 to 66.32 m); p = 0.426) and mental health (SMD+ = 0.17 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.70); p = 0.358). The results showed a small, statistically nonsignificant improvement in quality of life in favor of exergaming (SMD+ = 0.22 (95% CI = −0.37 to 0.81); p = 0.294). Moderate heterogeneity was found for exercise capacity (I2 = 53.7%), while no heterogeneity was found for quality of life (I2 = 3.3%) and mental health (I2 = 0.0%). Conclusions: Exergaming seems not to be superior to conventional CR programs for improving exercise capacity, quality of life, or mental health in patients with CVD.
A Qualitative Exploration of Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Participation among Chinese Retired Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Huang Ying , Ng Oi-Lam , Ha Amy S. C.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers associated with physical activity participation among retired Chinese adults in Hong Kong. This study adopts an interview research design in order to generate an in-depth understanding and insights into the participants’ thoughts, motivators and experiences of physical activity participation. Independent, semi-structured interviews with 10 retired participants (aged 54–74) were conducted based on an interview protocol with open-ended questions prompting the participants to describe their experiences. Transcribed texts were analysed using thematic analysis, combining both deductive and inductive analysis techniques. Common physical activities reported were walking, stretching exercise and jogging/running. Participants responded that their physical activity level increased since their retirement. We report the interview results according to the themes which emerged from the analysis: (1) physical and mental health, (2) socio-emotional factors, (3) environmental context, (4) family responsibilities. We found that the themes (1), (2) and (3) act either as a facilitator or a barrier for the participants interviewed, while theme (4) family responsibilities act as a barrier. The findings suggested that future physical activity interventions for retired Chinese adults should include more physical activity knowledge, such as the benefits to physical and mental health brought by physical activity and social elements, considering the specific challenges that participants are confronted with (from the family side).
Data Science in Healthcare: COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Hulsen Tim
Published: March 2022

Data science is an interdisciplinary field that applies numerous techniques, such as machine learning (ML), neural networks (NN) and artificial intelligence (AI), to create value, based on extracting knowledge and insights from available ‘big’ data [...]
Involvement of IL-33 in the Pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Review
Authors: Sarrand Julie , Soyfoo Muhammad
Published: March 2022

IL-33 is a newly discovered cytokine displaying pleiotropic localizations and functions. More specifically, it also functions as an alarmin, following its release from cells undergoing cell death or necrosis, to alert the innate immune system. The role of IL-33 has been underlined in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The expressions of IL-33 as well as its receptor, ST2, are significantly upregulated in SLE patients and in patients with lupus nephritis. This review discusses the involvement of IL-33 in the pathology of SLE.
Regulation of Ferroptosis by Non-Coding RNAs in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Ling , Chao Shih-Chi , Chu Pei-Ming , Yu Cheng-Chia
Published: March 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly identified mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron-associated accumulation of lipid peroxides. Emerging research on ferroptosis has suggested its implication in tumorigenesis and stemness of cancer. On the other hand, non-coding RNAs have been shown to play a pivotal role in the modulation of various genes that affect the progression of cancer cells and ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the theoretical modeling of ferroptosis and its relationship between non-coding RNAs and head and neck cancers. Aside from the significance of ferroptosis-related non-coding RNAs in prognostic relevance, we also review how these non-coding RNAs participate in the regulation of iron, lipid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. We aim to provide a thorough grounding in the function of ferroptosis-related non-coding RNAs based on current knowledge in an effort to develop effective therapeutic strategies for head and neck cancers.
Xenograft of Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Recovery from Chronic Ischemic Stroke in Rats
Authors: Fu Yu-Show , Yeh Chang-Ching , Chu Pei-Ming , Chang Wen-Hsing , Lin Maan-Yuh Anya , Lin Yung-Yang
Published: March 2022

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability. In our previous study, transplantation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in Wharton’s jelly in the acute phase of ischemic stroke promotes recovery in rats. Unfortunately, there is no cure for chronic stroke. Patients with chronic stroke can only be treated with rehabilitation or supportive interventions. This study aimed to investigate the potential of xenograft of HUMSCs for treating chronic stroke in rats. Rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfusion to mimic ischemic cerebral stroke. On day 14 following stroke, HUMSCs were transplanted into the damaged cerebral cortex. The motor function in rats of the Stroke + HUMSCs group exhibited significant improvement compared to that of the Stroke + Saline group, and the trend persisted until day 56 post stroke. The cerebral cortex changes were tracked using magnetic resonance imaging, showing that cerebral atrophy was found starting on day 7 and was reduced significantly in rats receiving HUMSCs compared to that in the Stroke + Saline group from day 21 to day 56. HUMSCs were found to be existed in the rats’ cerebral cortex on day 56, with signs of migration. The grafted HUMSCs did not differentiate into neurons or astrocytes and may release cytokines to improve neuroprotection, decrease inflammation and increase angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that xeno-transplantation of HUMSCs has therapeutic benefits for chronic ischemic stroke. Most importantly, patients do not need to use their own HUMSCs, which is a gospel thing for clinical patients.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Preincubated with Green Tea EGCG Enhance Pancreatic Tissue Regeneration in Rats with Type 1 Diabetes through ROS/Sirt1 Signaling Regulation
Authors: Chen Tung-Sheng , Liao Wei-Yu , Huang Chi-Wen , Chang Chin-Hsien
Published: March 2022

Type 1 diabetes stem-cell-based therapy is one of the best therapeutic approaches for pancreatic damage treatment due to stem cell tissue regeneration. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the active components found in green tea. Experimental results suggest that EGCG shows beneficial effects on cell protection. This study explores whether a better pancreatic regeneration therapeutic effect could be found in mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with EGCG compared to stem cells without EGCG pretreatment. A cell model confirmed that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) incubated with EGCG increase cell viability under high-glucose (HG) stress. This is due to survival marker p-Akt expression. In an animal model, type 1 diabetes induced the activation of several pathological signals, including islet size reduction, extracellular fibrotic collagen deposition, oxidative stress elevation, survival pathway suppression, apoptosis signaling induction, and Sirt1 antioxidant pathway downregulation. Ordinary ADSC transplantation slightly improved the above pathological signals. Further, EGCG-pretreated ADSC transplantation significantly improved the above pathological conditions. Taken together, EGCG-pretreated ADSCs show clinical potential in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes through the regeneration of damaged pancreatic tissues.
Grain Size Associated Genes and the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Rice
Authors: Jiang Hongzhen , Zhang Anpeng , Liu Xintong , Chen Jingguang
Published: March 2022

Grain size is a quantitative trait that is controlled by multiple genes. It is not only a yield trait, but also an important appearance quality of rice. In addition, grain size is easy to be selected in evolution, which is also a significant trait for studying rice evolution. In recent years, many quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes for rice grain size were isolated by map-based cloning or genome-wide association studies, which revealed the genetic and molecular mechanism of grain size regulation in part. Here, we summarized the QTL/genes cloned for grain size and the regulation mechanism with a view to provide the theoretical basis for improving rice yield and breeding superior varieties.
Drug Metabolism for the Identification of Clinical Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Costa Bárbara , Vale Nuno
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is classified into four major molecular subtypes, and is considered a heterogenous disease. The risk profiles and treatment of breast cancer differ according to these subtypes. Early detection dramatically improves the prospects of successful treatment, resulting in a reduction in overall mortality rates. However, almost 30% of women primarily diagnosed with the early-stage disease will eventually develop metastasis or resistance to chemotherapies. Immunotherapies are among the most promising cancer treatment options; however, long-term clinical benefit has only been observed in a small subset of responding patients. The current strategies for diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on histopathological examination and molecular diagnosis, disregarding the tumor microenvironment and microbiome involving cancer cells. In this review, we aim to praise the use of pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics as a strategy to identify potential biomarkers for guiding and monitoring therapy in real-time. The finding of these biomarkers can be performed by studying the metabolism of drugs, more specifically, immunometabolism, and its relationship with the microbiome, without neglecting the information provided by genetics. A larger understanding of cancer biology has the potential to improve patient care, enable clinical decisions, and deliver personalized medicine.
Behavioural Responses of Male Aedes albopictus to Different Volatile Chemical Compounds
Authors: Carraretto Davide , Soresinetti Laura , Rossi Irene , Malacrida Anna R. , Gasperi Giuliano , Gomulski Ludvik M.
Published: March 2022

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has become one of the most important invasive vectors for disease pathogens such as the viruses that cause chikungunya and dengue. Given the medical importance of this disease vector, a number of control programmes involving the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) have been proposed. The identification of chemical compounds that attract males can be very useful for trapping purposes, especially for monitoring the makeup of the male population during control programmes, such as those involving the use of the SIT. Twenty-eight chemical compounds from different chemical classes were evaluated using a dual-port olfactometer assay. The compounds included known animal, fungal and plant host volatiles, and components of a putative Aedes aegypti pheromone. Many of the compounds were repellent for male mosquitoes, especially at the highest concentration. One compound, decanoic acid, acted as an attractant for males at an intermediate concentration. Decanoic acid did not elicit a significant response from female mosquitoes.
Different Distribution Patterns of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) Along Altitudinal Gradients in Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (Italy)
Authors: Sommaggio Daniele , Zanotelli Livia , Vettorazzo Enrico , Burgio Giovanni , Fontana Paolo
Published: March 2022

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are two key taxa for plant pollination. In the present research, the altitudinal distribution of these taxa was studied along two gradients (elevation range: 780–2130 m) in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (Northeastern Italy). Pan traps were used as a sampling device to collect both hoverflies and bees. Other than altitude, the effect of landscape complexity and plant diversity were considered as potential predictors of hoverfly and bee richness and abundance along the two gradients. A total of 68 species of hoverflies and 67 of bees were collected during one sampling year, confirming the efficacy of pan traps as a sampling device to study these taxa. Altitude was the main variable affecting both hoverfly and bee distribution. The two taxa show different distribution patterns: hoverflies have a unimodal distribution (richness and abundance) with peak at middle altitude (1500 m), while bees have a monotonic decline (richness and abundance) with increasing altitude. Both hoverfly and bee populations change with the increasing altitude, but the change in hoverflies is more pronounced than in bees. Species turnover dominates the β-diversity both for hoverflies and bees; therefore, the hoverfly and bee communities at higher altitudes are not subsamples of species at lower altitude but are characterized by different species. This poses important conservation consequences. Some rare species, typical of an alpine habitat were recorded; the present research represents important baseline data to plan a monitoring scheme aimed at evaluating the effect of climate change on pollinators in these fragile habitats.
Cognitive and Adaptive Effects of Early Growth Hormone Treatment in Prader–Willi Syndrome Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ayet-Roger Aitana , Joga-Elvira Lorena , Caixàs Assumpta , Corripio Raquel
Published: March 2022

Background: Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetically based neurodevelopmental disease characterized by obesity, hyperphagia, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Treatment with growth hormone (GH) could provide cognitive benefits. The objective of the present study was to compare the cognitive and adaptive performance of 31 patients with genetically confirmed PWS grouped in two cohorts, one treated with GH before 2 years old (Group 1) and the other receiving the treatment later (Group 2). Method: We compared two variables necessary to diagnose intellectual disability: intellectual performance, using the Weschler scales, and adaptive behavior, using the DABS scale. The scores were analyzed by means of non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Group 1 (n = 10) obtained higher and statistically significant scores in Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ), General Ability Index (GAI), and General Adaptive Behavior (GAB), implying better cognitive and adaptive performance compared to Group 2. Conclusions: Treatment with GH should be administered in the early stage of development (before 2 years old) to obtain greater benefits at the cognitive and adaptive levels.
Caveolin-3 and Arrhythmias: Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: He Miaomiao , Qiu Jie , Wang Yan , Bai Yang , Chen Guangzhi
Published: March 2022

Caveolin-3 is a muscle-specific protein on the membrane of myocytes correlated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. It is now clear that the caveolin-3 plays a critical role in the cardiovascular system and a significant role in cardiac protective signaling. Mutations in the gene encoding caveolin-3 cause a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, ranging from persistent elevations in the serum levels of creatine kinase in asymptomatic humans to cardiomyopathy. The influence of Caveolin-3(CAV-3) mutations on current density parallels the effect on channel trafficking. For example, mutations in the CAV-3 gene promote ventricular arrhythmogenesis in long QT syndrome 9 by a combined decrease in the loss of the inward rectifier current (IK1) and gain of the late sodium current (INa-L). The functional significance of the caveolin-3 has proved that caveolin-3 overexpression or knockdown contributes to the occurrence and development of arrhythmias. Caveolin-3 overexpression could lead to reduced diastolic spontaneous Ca2+ waves, thus leading to the abnormal L-Type calcium channel current-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Moreover, CAV-3 knockdown resulted in a shift to more negative values in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide channel 4 current (IHCN4) activation curve and a significant decrease in IHCN4 whole-cell current density. Recent evidence indicates that caveolin-3 plays a significant role in adipose tissue and is related to obesity development. The role of caveolin-3 in glucose homeostasis has attracted increasing attention. This review highlights the underlining mechanisms of caveolin-3 in arrhythmia. Progress in this field may contribute to novel therapeutic approaches for patients prone to developing arrhythmia.
Increased Prognostic Yield by Combined Assessment of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Markers of Antithrombotic-Related Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Gupta Himanshu , Morotti Andrea , Beshara Simon , Patil Tushar , Al-Zahrani Saeed , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Dowlatshahi Dariush , Goldstein Joshua N. , Charidimou Andreas , Shoamanesh Ashkan
Published: March 2022

Background and aims: The utility of proposed non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers for the prediction of hematoma expansion in patients with antithrombotic-related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is limited. Additionally, there is significant overlap between different suggested ICH shape and density markers. Methods: We assessed the prognostic yield for hematoma expansion of a combined score incorporating features of ICH shape irregularity (satellite sign and/or Barras score ≥ 3), heterogeneous ICH density (swirl sign and/or Barras score ≥ 3) on baseline NCCT and timing from ICH onset to NCCT. Results: We evaluated data from 79 patients with antithrombotic-related spontaneous ICH (32% with hematoma expansion). Swirl (84% vs. 39%) and satellite signs (20% vs. 7%) on baseline NCCT were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.001) in patients with hematoma expansion. Patients with hematoma expansion had more irregular and heterogeneous bleeds on baseline NCCT scans, as quantified by higher (p < 0.001) Barras shape (4 (4–5) vs. 3 (2–4)) and density scores (4 (3–5) vs. 2 (1–3)), respectively. The overall diagnostic yield of the combined score (area under the curve: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.78–0.94) significantly outperformed (p < 0.001) the diagnostic yield of each individual marker. Scores of 4 or 5 in the combined score were associated with a sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 90.7%, overall diagnostic accuracy of 81.0%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 6.48, negative LR of 0.44, positive predictive value (PV) of 0.76 and negative PV of 0.83. Conclusion: Combined NCCT marker assessment seems to increase the prognostic accuracy for hematoma expansion in antithrombotic-related spontaneous ICH patients.
Mental Health and Quality of Life for Disaster Service Workers in a Province under COVID-19
Authors: Na Ji-Won , Yang Chan-Mo , Lee Sang-Yeol , Jang Seung-Ho
Published: March 2022

Objective: Healthcare workers and disaster service workers have been reported to be vulnerable to mental health problems during outbreaks of infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial characteristics of disaster service workers in charge of COVID-19-related work and also identify the factors affecting their quality of life. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, a survey was conducted of 526 disaster service workers in charge of COVID-19-related work. This included those working in public health care centers (PHC), 119 rescue and emergency medical services (119 REMS), public servants of city hall (PS), and police officers. The Korean version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument brief form were used. A one-way ANOVA was conducted, and a stepwise regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors affecting quality of life. Results: Regarding quality of life, 119 REMS (180.64 ± 26.20) scored significantly higher than PHC (165.76 ± 23.73) and PS (163.90 ± 23.60), while police officers (176.87 ± 23.17) scored significantly higher than PS (163.90 ± 23.60) (F = 12.373, p < 0.001). Resilience (β = 0.897, p < 0.01) was the most significant explanatory variable, and together with insomnia (β = 0.154, p < 0.01), depression (β = −0.152, p < 0.01), and COVID-19 anxiety (β = −0.057, p < 0.01) accounted for 91.8% of the explanatory variance with regard to quality of life. Discussion: Quality of life was found to be negatively correlated with insomnia, depression, and COVID-19 anxiety while being positively correlated with resilience. Therefore, active interventions are needed to improve the resilience of disaster service workers.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Riding the Crest of the Wave
Authors: Ramos Fernando
Published: March 2022

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of clonal disorders that arise in pluripotent bone marrow stem cells and present with characteristic phenotypical features (both morphological and flow cytometrical), as well as genotypical abnormalities [...]
Temporomandibular Disk Dislocation Impacts the Stomatognathic System: Comparative Study Based on Biexponential Quantitative T2 Maps
Authors: Regulski Piotr A. , Zielinski Jakub , Szopinski Kazimierz T.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed to assess the potential impact of temporomandibular disk displacement on anatomical structures of the stomatognathic system using biexponential T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps. Fifty separate MRI scans of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of 25 patients were acquired with eight echo times. Biexponential T2 maps were created by weighted reconstruction based on Powell’s conjugate direction method and divided into two groups: the TMJ without (32 images) and with (18 images) disk displacement. The disk, retrodiscal tissue, condylar bone marrow, masseter muscle, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles and dental pulp of the first and second molars were manually segmented twice. The intrarater reliability was assessed. The averages and standard deviations of the T2 times and fractions of each segmented region for each group were calculated and analysed with multiple Student’s t-tests. Significant differences between groups were observed in the retrodiscal tissue, medial pterygoid muscle and bone marrow. The pulp short T2 component showed a trend toward statistical significance. The segmentation reliability was excellent (93.6%). The relationship between disk displacement and quantitative MRI features of stomatognathic structures can be useful in the combined treatment of articular disk displacement, pterygoid muscle tension and occlusive reconstruction.
Changes in Ventilation Practices for Bronchiolitis in the Hospital Ward and Need for ICU Transfer over the Last Decade
Authors: Solana-Gracia Ruth , Modesto i Alapont Vicent , Bueso-Inchausti Leticia , Luna-Arana María , Möller-Díez Ariadna , Medina Alberto , Pérez-Moneo Begoña
Published: March 2022

There is limited evidence of the potential benefits of the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the management of bronchiolitis in the ward. Our aim is to describe the ventilation trends for bronchiolitis in our hospital along with the introduction of an HFNC ward protocol and to determine the need for respiratory support escalation and transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU). A retrospective analytical observational study of children < 12 months old requiring admission for a first RSV bronchiolitis episode in a single centre from January 2009 to December 2018. The sample was divided into four groups according to the type of respiratory support that would ensure the clinical stability of the infants on admission. A total of 502 infants were recruited. The total number and percentage of patients admitted in the ward grew progressively over time. Simultaneously, there was an increase in HFNC and, paradoxically, an increase in ICU transfers. The risk of failure was higher for those who required HFNC or CPAP for clinical stabilisation in the first 12 h after admission. Moreover, the risk of failure was also higher in children with standard oxygen therapy promptly escalated to HFNC, especially if they had atelectasis/viral pneumonia, coinfections or a history of prematurity. Despite the limitations of a retrospective analysis, our study reflects usual clinical practice and no correlation was found between the usage of HFNC and a shorter length of hospital stay or less time spent on oxygen therapy.
Cardiovascular Health Does Not Change Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Kiel Ida Almenning , Jones Helen , Lionett Sofie , Røsbjørgen Ragnhild , Lydersen Stian , Vanky Eszter , Moholdt Trine
Published: March 2022

Introduction: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. First-line therapy for PCOS is lifestyle changes including exercise. We compared CVD risk factors between women with and without PCOS and examined the responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: women with PCOS were randomized to HIIT (n = 41) or a non-exercise control group (n = 23) for 16 weeks. Women without PCOS (n = 15) were age- and BMI-matched to participants with PCOS and completed 16 weeks of HIIT. CVD markers included blood pressure, heart rate, flow mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and circulating concentrations of lipids, glucose, insulin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Results: resting heart rate was higher in women with PCOS than without PCOS (p =0.011) and was reduced after HIIT in women with PCOS (−2.8 beats/min, 95% CI: −5.4, −0.2, p = 0.037). FMD was not significantly different between women with PCOS (5.5%, SD 4.1) and those without PCOS (8.2%, SD 3.9) at baseline. HIIT reduced time-to-peak dilatation of the brachial artery in women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS (−55 s, 95% CI: −96, −13, p = 0.012). Conclusions: we found little difference in CVD risk factors between women with and without PCOS at baseline, but some indications of endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS.
The Survival of Septic Patients with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Is Not Inferior to That of Septic Patients without Liver Cirrhosis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Chang Ya-Chun , Fang Ying-Tang , Chen Hung-Cheng , Lin Chiung-Yu , Chang Yu-Ping , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Chen Yu-Mu , Huang Kuo-Tung , Chang Huang-Chih , Wang Chin-Chou , Lin Meng-Chih , Fang Wen-Feng
Published: March 2022

Background: We aimed to determine whether septic patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) had worse survival than septic patients without liver cirrhosis (WLC). We also investigated the survival of septic patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC) and decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). Methods: This study enrolled 776 consecutive adult patients with sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care units of a tertiary referral hospital. Clinical factors and laboratory data were collected for analysis. Propensity scoring was also used for the control of selection bias. The variables included in the propensity model were age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, APCHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, hemoglobin, and platelet data on the day when sepsis was confirmed. Seven-day, ICU, and hospital mortality were analyzed after correcting for these confounding factors. Results: Of the 776 septic patients, 64 (8.2%) septic patients presented with LC. Patients were divided into two groups—LC (n = 64) and WLC (n = 712)—which presented different rates of hospital mortality (LC: 62.5% vs. WLC: 41.0%, p = 0.001). We further separated septic patients with LC into two groups: patients with CLC (n = 24) and those with DLC (n = 40). After propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC (63.6%) was not inferior to patients WLC (54.5%) (p = 0.411). Patients with DLC had more hospital mortality, even after matching (p < 0.05). The Quick SOFA (qSOFA) score, SOFA score, and sub-SOFA score were also comparable between groups. SOFA scores were not significantly different between the CLC and WLC groups after matching. Poor SOFA scores were observed in the DLC group on days 3 and 7 after matching (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Septic patients with LC had higher mortality compared to patients WLC before matching. However, after propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC was non-inferior to patients WLC.
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk over Time in HCM Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: Klopotowski Mariusz , Kukula Krzysztof , Jamiolkowski Jacek , Oreziak Artur , Dabrowski Maciej , Chmielak Zbigniew , Witkowski Adam
Published: March 2022

Background: In patients with HCM at high risk of SCD, an ICD should be considered as a standard of care. Current risk approximation algorithms recommended by ESC 2014 criteria indicate that SCD risk is not stable. The aim of the study was to investigate how the calculated SCD risk in HCM patients with an ICD implanted in the past changed over time. Methods: We analyzed 64 HCM patients with ICD for primary prevention, referred for ICD re-implantation, and 32 HCM patients referred for a first-time ICD placement during the same period. The 5-year-SCD risk was assessed for suitable patients using the recommended ESC calculator. Results: The first-time group had a higher 5-year-SCD risk than those referred for ICD re-implantation: 7.50 (IQR 5.98–10.46) vs. 4.88 (IQR 3.42–7.25), p < 0.05. Out of the patients with an initial calculated risk below 4%, the risk increased in 22% of cases, reaching the 4–6% range. In 78% of patients, the risk remained stable and low. In 31% of patients with an initial calculated SCD risk ≥ 6%, the risk decreased over time to below 6%, and in 14% of the cases, below 4%. Conclusions: SCD risk in HCM patients is usually stable or gets lower. Our data suggest it is important to re-evaluate the risk profile for patients with HCM when ICD re-implantation is considered.
Applications and Clinical Behavior of BioHPP in Prosthetic Dentistry: A Short Review
Authors: Reda Rodolfo , Zanza Alessio , Galli Massimo , De Biase Alberto , Testarelli Luca , Di Nardo Dario
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: BioHPP® (Bredent, UK) is a partially crystalline poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) that is strengthened using ceramic. PEEK and its various formulations represent a very interesting alternative, and has been in-depth with its literature in recent years; (2) Methods: A PubMed and Scopus search for the term “BioHPP” yielded 73 results and 42 articles which were included in this short review. Considering the scarce literature on the subject, each article was considered in this review; (3) Results: the articles analyzed are very recent, all published in the last 5 years. Their clinical evaluation of BioHPP® highlights many positive aspects, and few articles have highlighted critical issues in its multiple clinical applications; (4) Conclusions: this material is not only extremely interesting for the future, but possesses characteristics suitable for clinical application today, for endocrowns, small adhesive bridges, temporary prostheses and for immediate loads on implant restorations. The excellent aesthetics and the possibility of simple reprocessing of the restorations made with this material invite its clinical application.
Application of Radar Image Fusion Method to Near-Field Sea Ice Warning for Autonomous Ships in the Polar Region
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Hsuan , Li Bo , Wang Shengzheng , Liu Wei
Published: March 2022

Mastering the real-time dynamics of near-field sea ice is the primary condition to guaranteeing the navigation safety of autonomous ships in the polar region. In this study, a radar image fusion process combining marine radar and ice radar is proposed, which can effectively solve the problems of redundant information and spatial registration during image fusion. Then, using the fused radar images, this study proposes a set of near-field sea ice risk assessment and warning processes applicable to both low- and high-sea-ice-concentration situations. The sea ice risk indexes in these two situations are constructed by using four variables: sea ice area, sea ice grayscale, distance between sea ice and the own-ship, and relative bearing of sea ice and the own-ship. Finally, visualization processing is carried out according to the size of the risk index values of each piece of sea ice to achieve a better near-field sea ice risk assessment and warning effect. According to the example demonstration results, through the radar image fusion process and the set of near-field sea ice risk assessment and warning processes proposed in this study, the sea ice risk distribution in the near-field area of the ship can be well obtained, which provides effective support for the assisted decision-making of autonomous navigation in the polar region.
Incidence of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed NTM and TB—A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Klinting Frederik P. , Laursen Christian B. , Titlestad Ingrid L.
Published: March 2022

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a severe and underdiagnosed pulmonary fungal infection with a significant overlap in symptoms and imaging findings of mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Infection with TB or NTM is a predisposing underlying condition for CPA in approximately one-third of patients. A previously published study from Uganda showed increased incidence and complication rate of CPA with respect to pre-existing radiographic cavitation in a post-treatment TB population. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of CPA in a low-endemic population of confirmed or suspected TB and NTM patients. We manually reviewed 172 patients referred on suspicion or for treatment of TB or NTM at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital during the period of 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. We found no CPA amongst TB patients as opposed to an incidence of 8.2% (n = 4) in NTM-infected patients. We identified possible investigatory differences in Aspergillus blood sample screening protocols depending on NTM or TB, initiated at the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Odense University Hospital. A focused screening and investigatory protocol in NTM patients with persisting or developing symptoms is warranted in relation to suspected CPA.
Effects of Physical Prehabilitation on the Dynamics of the Markers of Endothelial Function in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Argunova Yulia , Belik Ekaterina , Gruzdeva Olga , Ivanov Sergey , Pomeshkina Svetlana , Barbarash Olga
Published: March 2022

Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of physical training performed before CABG on the perioperative dynamics of the serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) of patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients in the preoperative period were randomized into two groups: the training group (n = 43) underwent high-intensity treadmill training; the patients in the control group (n = 35) received no training before the procedure. The serum concentrations of ADMA and ET-1 were determined in the perioperative period, and the course of the early postoperative period was analyzed. In the training group, we found a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications during hospital stays (p = 0.013). At the end of the training program, the ADMA levels were 1.8 times higher in the controls than in the training group (p = 0.001). We found that type 2 diabetes increased the probability of complications by 12 times (OR: 12.3; 95% CI: 1.24–121.5; p = 0.03), as well as elevating the concentration of ET-1 on the eve of surgery (OR: 10.7; 95% CI: 1.4–81.3; p = 0.02). Physical prehabilitation reduced the likelihood of complications nine times (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02–0.83; p = 0.03). The AUC was 0.851 ± 0.07 (95% CI: 0.71–0.98). The obtained results indicate the benefit of physical training during the prehabilitation stage since it can help to preserve endothelial function.
Coastal Dunes Geomorphosites to Develop the Geotourism in a Volcanic Subtropical Oceanic Island, Tenerife, Spain
Authors: Marrero-Rodríguez Néstor , Dóniz-Páez Javier
Published: March 2022

Coastal areas are exposed to high levels of human occupation, which has led to their degradation. Coastal dunes have been greatly altered by different historical and current land uses, causing the loss of their natural and cultural values. On the coast of Tenerife there are volcanic and organogenic sand active and relict dunes with multiple land uses, the most prominent of which is tourism (also the main cause of their deterioration). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relevance of geomorphosites associated to the aeolian depositional systems of Tenerife as volcanic geoheritage through the application of international methodologies used for these evaluations, and to propose geotourism uses that will contribute to their sustainability. In Tenerife there are thirteen aeolian system geomorphosites in which palaeodunes, active dunes and a combination of both have been identified, 53.9% of which are protected. The main historical and current uses are related to grazing, sand mining and tourism. These different land uses have produced the degradation of these landforms, which have induced the loss of some of their scientific and additional values. The average score for the scientific values (0.58) is higher than for the additional values (0.41) in most of the thirteen selected geomorphosites; the values lie in the middle of the range and there is no correlation between the scientific and additional values (R2 = 0.17). The geotourism proposal presented in this study is associate to the volcanic diversity of the coast of Tenerife and should be aimed at both the general public and specialists. The number of visitors should be restricted and sustainable according to the zoning laws for the regulations and use of the protected areas; and it should use the net of authorized paths which already exists in the geomorphosites. To this end, certain facilities will be required to help disseminate and promote the heritage of Tenerife’s dune geomorphosites through panels, websites, apps or QR codes.
Landslide Hazard and Environment Risk Assessment
Authors: Miccadei Enrico , Carabella Cristiano , Paglia Giorgio
Published: March 2022

Landslides are among the most widespread and frequent natural hazards that lead to fatalities, socioeconomic losses, and property damage globally [...]
Acquiring French Intonation against the Backdrop of Heritage Bilingualism: The Case of German–Turkish Learners
Authors: Grünke Jonas , Gabriel Christoph
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the intonation of L3 French, produced by six bilingual learners (ages: 15–17) who speak Turkish as a heritage language (HL) along with German and six same-aged monolingual German learners. We examined of a corpus of read speech in two respects: first, we determined the number of accentual phrases (APs) and, second, we extracted F0 values for each segment, normalized them, and calculated the deviations from the average values produced by three native controls (age: 21–23). Although the bilinguals were expected to outperform the monolinguals due to certain similarities between the intonational systems of French and Turkish, their mean deviation from the native contours was only slightly smaller than that of the monolinguals (difference not significant). To determine how strongly the bilinguals’ Turkish intonation was influenced by German and whether it could serve as a basis for positive transfer whatsoever, we compared their production in Turkish with data recorded from three monolingual Turkish L1 speakers (ages: 21–32) and five German learners of L2 Turkish (ages: 22–43). Results show that the bilinguals’ Turkish intonation does not deviate substantially from the monolinguals’ one, in contrast to the contours produced by the L2 learners. This suggests that metalinguistic and prosodic awareness should be fostered in heritage bilinguals to make them benefit from their full linguistic repertoire.
Metabolic Bone Disorders in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Olczyk Mariusz , Czkwianianc Elżbieta , Socha-Banasiak Anna
Published: March 2022

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in the pediatric population. Entry observations demonstrate anemia, malabsorption, deficiencies in vitamin D and calcium. These aspects, together with the systemic action of pro-inflammatory cytokines and steroid therapy are widely recognized as factors influencing bone metabolism. Presently, however, there are very few studies that can be found in the scientific literature on metabolic disorders in patients with IBD, especially in the pediatric population as the coexistence has not been sufficiently examined and understood. This review aims to summarize the currently available literature, as well as assess which areas have information gaps and need further research.
Beyond the Trauma Triad of Death—New Advances in Our Knowledge of Pathophysiology as a Basis for New Perspectives in Support Therapy
Authors: Ietto Giuseppe , Franchi Caterina , Soldini Gabriele , Amico Francesco
Published: March 2022

The history of staged laparotomy, the basic idea behind the so called “Damage Control Surgery (DCS)” attitude, leans on the experience developed during the treatment of major hepatic trauma that was sustained by Pringle’s pioneering attempts to achieve hemostasis on liver wounds via packing in 1908 [...]
Predicting Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Steel Strips Using Micro-Magnetic NDT Technologies
Authors: Sheng Hongwei , Wang Ping , Tang Chenglong
Published: March 2022

Multiple micro-magnetic non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies are suitable candidates for predicting the mechanical properties of cold-rolled steel strips. In this work, based on magnetic domain dynamics behavior and magnetization theory, the correlation between electromagnetic characteristics extracted by multiple micro-magnetic NDT technologies and the influence factors was investigated. It was found that temperature and tension can subsequently affect the electromagnetic parameters by altering the domain structure and domain walls’ motion properties. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were employed to reflect the dependence of micromagnetic characteristics on influencing factors. The lift-off was determined as the largest influence factor among influence factors. A pseudo-static detection was reached by polynomial fitting, which could eliminate the influence of lift-off on the detection results. The number of training models was optimized, and the detection accuracy was improved via the improved Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model, based on the Gaussian Mixture Clustering (GMC) algorithm.
Proteomics Disclose the Potential of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) as a Source of Biomarkers for Severe Periodontitis
Authors: Bellei Elisa , Bertoldi Carlo , Monari Emanuela , Bergamini Stefania
Published: March 2022

Periodontal disease is a widespread disorder comprising gingivitis, a mild early gum inflammation, and periodontitis, a more severe multifactorial inflammatory disease that, if left untreated, can lead to the gradual destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. To date, effective etiopathogenetic models fully explaining the clinical features of periodontal disease are not available. Obviously, a better understanding of periodontal disease could facilitate its diagnosis and improve its treatment. The purpose of this study was to employ a proteomic approach to analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with severe periodontitis, in search of potential biomarkers. GCF samples, collected from both periodontally healthy sites (H-GCF) and the periodontal pocket (D-GCF), were subjected to a comparison analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A total of 26 significantly different proteins, 14 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated in D-GCF vs. H-GCF, were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main expressed proteins were inflammatory molecules, immune responders, and host enzymes. Most of these proteins were functionally connected using the STRING analysis database. Once validated in a large scale-study, these proteins could represent a cluster of promising biomarkers capable of making a valuable contribution for a better assessment of periodontitis.
Effect of Intercritical Tempering Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of High Strength and Toughness Medium Manganese Steel
Authors: Liang Xiaokai , Fu Hang , Cui Mei , Liu Gang
Published: March 2022

The effect of intercritical tempering temperature (TT) on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 3.6Mn medium manganese steel, which contained martensite and austenite, was investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, as well as Thermo-Calc calculation. The results showed that the volume fraction of reversed austenite (RA) increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing TT in the range of 550~650 °C. When the TT was below 620 °C, lath-like RA with good stability was mainly displayed between martensite laths and its size is about 100 nm. When the TT was higher than 650 °C, larger-size and block RA was formed in the martensite block boundaries, and part of the RA transformed into fresh martensite during cooling. The yield strength and tensile strength of the experimental steels decreased gradually as the TT increased, but the tensile strength increased gradually with the formation of block RA and fresh martensite. Lath-like RA could significantly improve the toughness and plasticity with slight loss of yield strength, but block RA decreased slightly them.