bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Neuromorphic Sensory Systems from Intelligent Perception to Nervetronics
Authors: Boahen Elvis K. , Kweon Hyukmin , Oh Hayoung , Kim Ji Hong , Lim Hayoung , Kim Do Hwan
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the extensive signal processing capabilities of the human nervous system, neuromorphic artificial sensory systems have emerged as a pivotal technology in advancing brain‐like computing for applications in humanoid robotics, prosthetics, and wearable technologies. These systems mimic the functionalities of the central and peripheral nervous systems through the integration of sensory synaptic devices and neural network algorithms, enabling external stimuli to be converted into actionable electrical signals. This review delves into the intricate relationship between synaptic device technologies and neural network processing algorithms, highlighting their mutual influence on artificial intelligence capabilities. This study explores the latest advancements in artificial synaptic properties triggered by various stimuli, including optical, auditory, mechanical, and chemical inputs, and their subsequent processing through artificial neural networks for applications in image recognition and multimodal pattern recognition. The discussion extends to the emulation of biological perception via artificial synapses and concludes with future perspectives and challenges in neuromorphic system development, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of neural network processing to innovate and refine these complex systems.
MGAT4A/Galectin9‐Driven N‐Glycosylation Aberration as a Promoting Mechanism for Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer with TP53 Mutation
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Sun Jingya , Xu Weiqing , Zeng Qinghe , Feng Hanyi , Zang Lijuan , He Yinyan , He Xiao , Sheng Na , Ren Xuelian , Liu Guobin , Huang He , Huang Ruimin , Yan Jun
Published: November 2024

Emerging evidence recognizes aberrant glycosylation as the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, but little is known about glycogenes’ roles in endometrial carcinoma (EC), especially the most aggressive subtype carrying TP53 mutations. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, an 11‐glycogene cluster is identified to distinguish an EC subtype associated with frequent TP53 mutation and worse prognosis. Among them, MGAT4A (alpha‐1,3‐mannosyl‐glycoprotein 4‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase A) emerges as the most consistently overexpressed glycogene, contributing to EC aggressiveness. In the presence of galectin‐9, MGAT4A increases EC cell proliferation and invasion via promoting glucose metabolism. N‐glycoproteomics further revealed GLUT1, a glucose transporter, as a glycoprotein modified by MGAT4A. Binding of galectin‐9 to the MGAT4A‐branched N‐glycan on GLUT1 enhances its cell membrane distribution, leading to glucose uptake increase. In addition, oncogenic mutations of TP53 gene in EC cells upregulate MGAT4A expression by disrupting the regulatory oversight exerted by wild‐type p53 on tumor‐suppressive miRNAs, including miR‐34a and miR‐449a/b. The findings highlight a new molecular mechanism involving MGAT4A‐regulated N‐glycosylation on the key regulator of glucose metabolism in p53 mutants‐driven EC aggressiveness, which may provide a strategic avenue to combat advanced EC.
Low Computational Cost for Multiple Waypoints Trajectory Planning: A Time‐Optimal‐Based Approach
Authors: Lin‐Yang Da‐hui , Pastor Francisco , García‐Cerezo Alfonso J.
Published: November 2024

In the field of mobile robots, achieving minimum time in executing trajectories is crucial for applications like delivery, inspection, and search and rescue. In this article, a novel time‐optimal planner based on optimization methods is introduced. Despite the high computational cost associated with such methods, the solution calculates time‐optimal multi‐waypoint trajectories, achieving results in the order of milliseconds. The proposed method formulates a time‐optimal trajectory using the Pontryagin's maximum principle as a policy. By utilizing a point mass model, the planner generates trajectories that are adaptable to different robot models. The approach incorporates a definition of a search space to guarantee convergence while considering the system limits. Simulation and real‐world experiments are performed to validate the feasibility of our method with different configurations. Simulation results compared to a benchmark method demonstrate our approach's superior performance in terms of computational time, achieving near‐optimal solutions. In addition, in the real‐world experiments, the integration of the method into practical applications is validated.
Discovery and MD Simulation of a Triterpenoid Zj7 as GR Modulator Targeting Non‐Classical GRE with Potent Anti‐Obesity Activity
Authors: Song Yeonghun , Lee Junekyoung , Kim Seonghun , Lee Seunghee , Kim Sanghee
Published: November 2024

Despite the potential of non‐classical glucocorticoid response element (GRE)‐selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulators in biomedical sciences, progress has not yet been made. In this study, we discovered a first‐in‐class chemical modulator that selectively suppresses the transcriptional activity of the GR in a gene with a non‐classical GRE, but not with classical GREs. The orexigenic agouti‐related peptide (Agrp)‐gene with a non‐classical GRE was chosen for this study. Similarity‐implemented virtual screening and rational modification of the structure of the initial hit compounds led to the identification of a pentacyclic natural triterpenoid, Zj7 (2‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroylalphitolic acid). With this compound, we recently reported the verification of the orexigenic function and mechanism of action of GR in AgRP neurons. Herein, we describe the detailed discovery process leading to the identification of Zj7 and propose its molecular mode of action using molecular dynamics simulation.
Stepwise Conversion of a 10‐Membered Diketo Open‐Cage [60]Fullerene to a 10‐Membered Keto‐Lactone Open‐Cage [60]Fullerene
Authors: Wu Yiran , Wang Yaqiong , Guo Yulin , Yu Yuming , Su Jie , Qiu Yi , Gan Liangbing
Published: November 2024

The chemical reactivity of a 10‐membered diketo open‐cage fullerene C60(O)2(OOtBu)4 was investigated in an effort to reveal the unique reaction pattern of fullerene derivatives. Selective cleavage of peroxo O−O bonds was observed under thermolysis in the presence of iodine to form epoxy groups around the orifice. Opening of the epoxy groups leads to vicinal diol moiety, oxidation of which resulted in a new 10‐membered keto‐lactone open‐cage fullerene derivative. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the size of the rectangular orifice is around 2.96×4.66 Å.
The Effect of Sampling Schedule on Assessment of Dietary Measures: Evidence From Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni)
Authors: Johnston Amanda , Cords Marina
Published: November 2024

Accurately assessing primate diets is important in studies of behavioral ecology and evolution. While previous research has compared sampling methods (scan, focal), we examined how sampling schedule influences accuracy of dietary measures. We define sampling schedule as the combined distribution (random vs. consecutive) and frequency of sampling days within a given month. Under field conditions, time may be required to locate a study group, and we therefore also subtracted 1, 2, or 3 h from the beginning of all non‐consecutive days in each sampling schedule to mimic observation time lost to search. From a dense (near daily) 5‐year record of feeding behavior derived from focal animal follows of adult females in five wild blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) groups, we created data subsets matching various sampling schedules, and compared monthly dietary measures calculated from each subset to those based on the full data set. These measures included (1) the proportion of observation time feeding on fruit, (2) diet composition (three top‐ranked food items), (3) species richness of plant diet, (4) Shannon–Wiener diversity index based on plant species, and (5) Holmes–Pitelka index expressing dietary overlap with the previous month. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess how frequency and sampling type (a combination of distribution and hours lost) relate to a subset's deviation from the full data set, where a smaller deviation (or higher chance of matching, for diet composition) implies greater accuracy. For all dietary measures, increasing observation frequency increased accuracy. The response to distribution varied among measures, but sampling types generally differed more at lower frequencies. Deviation varied widely within and between dietary measures, and some sampling schedules resulted in values with large percentage differences from the “full” data. Accordingly, when designing and comparing studies, researchers should consider how sampling schedules may influence the accuracy of the dietary measures of interest.
Training in trauma surgical techniques using cryopreserved porcine organs
Authors: Fujikawa Tsubasa , Homma Hiroshi , Ishii Yuri , Tanino Yusuke , Ishigami Yuta , Suzuki Shoji , Sano Hidefumi , Tsurukiri Junya
Published: November 2024

Aim

To develop a trauma surgery training program using porcine organs and evaluate its usefulness. This program allows participants to experience the tactile sensation of organs and bleeding, which are impossible in trauma surgery training using a cadaver.

Methods

Resected organs (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, bladder, and external carotid artery) from slaughtered pigs for medical research were perfused with saline solution, flash‐frozen in a deep freezer, and thawed naturally on the morning of training. The training program consisted of half‐day practical training in suture repair of artificially created damage to the parenchymal organs and suture or anastomotic repair of damage to the luminal organs. We injected the parenchymal organs' arteries with porcine blood and the renal ureters with saline solution to create models of organ hemorrhage and urinary leakage. The training's usefulness was evaluated using a participant questionnaire that included an 11‐point self‐assessment of confidence level (SACL) form.

Results

Nine training seminars were conducted from September 2018 to February 2023, attended by 67 participants who were in their 1st to 20th post‐graduate year. The mean SACL significantly increased immediately after the seminar but decreased half‐year thereafter. However, it was maintained for those with surgical residency. It was also maintained for those with no surgical residency through seminar repetition.

Conclusions

Training in trauma surgical techniques using porcine organs is beneficial regardless of whether the participant has prior surgical residency.
Upcycling Polyethylene to High‐Purity Hydrogen under Ambient Conditions via Mechanocatalysis
Authors: Gu Ruiqian , Wang Tonghui , Ma Yue , Wang Tong‐Xing , Yao Rui‐Qi , Zhao Yingnan , Wen Zi , Han Gao‐Feng , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing
Published: November 2024

Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundant plastic waste, and its conversion to hydrogen (H2) offers a promising route for clean energy generation. However, PE decomposition typically requires high temperatures due to its strong chemical bonds, leading to significant carbon emissions and low H2 selectivity (theoretically less than 75 vol % after accounting for further steam‐reforming reactions). Here, we report a mechanocatalytic strategy that upcycles PE into high‐purity H2 (99.4 vol %) with an exceptional H2 recovery ratio of 98.5 % (versus 15.7 % via thermocatalysis), using manganese as a catalyst at a low temperature of 45 °C. This method achieves a reaction rate 3 orders of magnitude higher than thermocatalysis. The marked improvement in H2 recovery ratio is mainly due to metal carbides formation induced by the mechanocatalytic process, which does not catalyze hydrocarbons formation. This work is expected to advance studies of the conversion of polyolefins to high‐purity H2 with net‐zero carbon emissions.
Ultra‐rapid Synthesis of High‐entropy MAX Phases and Their Derivative MXenes for Battery Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Huicong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Chunxue , Sun Yifei , Zhang Yiyuan , Fang Zhen , He Jiangang , Wang Rongming , Jiang Kai , Chen Di
Published: November 2024

High‐entropy materials hold immense promise for energy storage, owing to their varied compositions and unforeseen physicochemical properties, yet, which poses challenges in synthesis due to tendentious phase separation and extended sintering durations. Herein, an ultra‐rapid strategy based on spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques is proposed to synthesize high‐entropy MAX phases within 15 minutes, including a new phase of (Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2)4AlC3 and several phases of 413‐type TiVNbMoAlC3, TiVCrMoAlC3 and (Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)4AlC3, achieving utmost purity level up to 99.54 %. Under high temperature, the overfeed of Al with low melt point (~660 °C) can foster a liquid environment, which remits the immiscibility among starting materials and benefits to diffusion dynamics to some extents. Theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the thermodynamic preponderance of high‐entropy MAX phases in the intricate multi‐element systems. Meanwhile, the varied stacking modes among MX slabs in high‐entropy MAX phases and the distinct topological transformations to their derivative MXenes can be observed directly at the atomic level. Moreover, four high‐entropy MXenes as electrode materials were investigated for rechargeable batteries. Among them, TiVNbMoC3 electrode demonstrates superior lithium‐ion storage capabilities with 725 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, triggering the edification to the application of high‐entropy MXenes for energy domain.
Twisted‐Planar Molecular Engineering with Sonication‐Induced J‐Aggregation To Design Near‐Infrared J‐Aggregates for Enhanced Phototherapy
Authors: Liu Yubo , Song Yuchen , Zhu Zhong‐Hong , Ji Chao , Li Jianqing , Jia Hanyu , Shi Yang , Hu Fang , Zhao Zujin , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong , Feng Guangxue
Published: November 2024

J‐aggregates show great promise in phototherapy, but are limited to specific molecular skeletons and poor molecular self‐assembly controllability. Herein, we report a twisted‐planar molecular strategy with sonication‐induced J‐aggregation to develop donor–acceptor (D–A) type J‐aggregates for phototherapy. With propeller aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) moieties as the twisted subunits and thiophene as the planar π‐bridge, the optimal twisted‐planar π‐interaction in MTSIC induces appropriate slip angle and J‐aggregates formation, redshifting the absorption from 624 nm to 790 nm. In contrast, shorter π‐planarity results in amorphous aggregates, and elongation promotes charge transfer (CT) coupled J‐aggregates. Sonication was demonstrated to be effective in controlling self‐assembly behaviors of MTSIC, which enables the transformation from amorphous aggregates to H‐intermediates, and finally to stable J‐aggregates. After encapsulation with lipid‐PEG, the resultant J‐dots show enhanced phototherapeutic effects over amorphous dots, including brightness, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photothermal conversion, delivering superior cancer phototherapy performance. This work not only advances D–A type J‐aggregates design but also provides a promising strategy for supramolecular assembly development.
Influence of Chloride and Electrolyte Stability on Passivation Layer Evolution at the Negative Electrode of Mg Batteries Revealed by operando EQCM‐D
Authors: Schick Benjamin W. , Vanoppen Viktor , Uhl Matthias , Kruck Matthias , Riedel Sibylle , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Berg Erik J. , Hou Xu , Jacob Timo
Published: November 2024

Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising for future energy storage. However, among other challenges, their practical application is hindered by low coulombic efficiencies of magnesium plating and stripping. Fundamental processes such as the formation, structure, and stability of passivation layers and the influence of different electrolyte components on them are still not fully understood. In this work, we gain unique insights into the initial Mg plating and stripping cycles by comparing magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2)‐ and magnesium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate (Mg[B(hfip)4]2)‐based electrolytes, each with and without MgCl2, on gold electrodes by highly sensitive operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM−D) applying hydrodynamic spectroscopy. With the stable Mg[B(hfip)4]2‐based electrolytes, highly efficient and interphase‐free cycling is possible and passivation layers are attributed to electrolyte contaminants. These are forming and degrading during the so‐called initial conditioning process. With the more reactive Mg(TFSI)2‐based electrolyte, thick passivation layers with small pores are growing during cycling. We demonstrate that the addition of chloride lowers the amount of passivated Mg deposits in these electrolytes and accelerates the currentless dissolution of the passivation layer. This has a positive effect since we observe the most efficient cycling and uniform deposition when no interphase is present on the electrode.
Efficient Near‐Infrared to Blue Photon Upconversion by Ultrafast Spin Flip and Triplet Energy Transfer at Organic/2D Semiconductor Interface
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Sun Cheng , Xiang Guoyu , Zhang Yongqing , He Siyu , Li Shuangshuang , Jin Yizheng , Zhang Delong , Zhu Haiming
Published: November 2024

Solid state photon upconversion by triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA), particularly near‐infrared (NIR)‐to‐blue upconversion, holds instant promise for enhancing optoelectronic and photochemical applications. Despite extensive studies, NIR‐to‐blue upconversion has remained particularly challenging and elusive due to inherent multiple energy‐downhill processes in TTA upconversion. In this study, using atomically thin two dimensional (2D) monolayer semiconductor as a triplet sensitizer, we demonstrate an efficient and robust solid‐state NIR‐to‐blue photon upconversion system. The ultrathin and flexible organic/2D bilayer heterostructure exhibits a NIR‐to‐blue upconversion with high quantum yield (ΦUC=1.2 %, out of 50 %), low threshold power density (Ith=110 mW/cm2) and a record‐high apparent anti‐Stokes shift of 1.12 eV. Further spin‐ and time‐resolved spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast (<500 fs) electron spin flip to triplet‐like excitons in semiconductor sensitizer and subsequent picosecond (~6×1010 s−1) interfacial Dexter energy transfer to annihilator molecules. The triplet energy transfer rate and efficiency depend strongly on driving force, exhibiting Marcus normal region behavior. This work demonstrates 2D monolayer semiconductor as a superior ultrathin light harvesting and triplet sensitization layer and reveals the key knob to overcome the compromise between upconversion efficiency and energy loss, offering a viable pathway to efficient solid state NIR‐to‐blue photon upconversion and implementation.
Cinnamon oil value addition in natural rubber latex‐organic peroxide vulcanization system
Authors: Abeygunawardana H. N. A. B. , Perera I. C. , Kuruwita‐Mudiyanselage T. D.
Published: November 2024

Natural rubber is a sustainable material which plays a vital role in a wide variety of applications. Value additions to this natural material enhance its horizons of utilization and encompass multiple advantages. This endeavor focuses on elevating the properties of the natural rubber latex (NRL)‐dicumyl peroxide vulcanization system with the utilization of cinnamon oil (CIN‐OIL). CIN‐OIL was characterized by GCMS, FTIR, and UV–Vis. The FTIR and TGA have confirmed the incorporation of the CIN‐OIL into the NRL. Swelling studies confirmed that the addition of CIN‐OIL has not interfered with the process of peroxy crosslinking. The adhesive peel test and facial tissue test clearly concluded that CIN‐OIL has reduced the initial tackiness of the material which is apparent in peroxy NR vulcanizates. Tear strength and modulus values were increased with CIN‐OIL due to the formation of physical crosslinking. Weathering tests confirmed the higher degradability of the CIN‐OIL‐added NRL samples. Furthermore, films were tested positive for antibacterial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Along with the enhanced degradability, antibacterial activity, reduced initial tackiness, and enhanced mechanical properties, CIN‐OIL in NRL has enriched its qualities.
Step‐wise non‐solvent induced phase separation of polyacrylonitrile/thermoplastic polyurethane self‐supportive filtration membranes
Authors: Yu Yuxiu , Li Jin , Liu Yaodong
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the fabrication of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes using non‐solvent induced phase separation methods, with the addition of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as an additive. The incorporation of TPU and the utilization of stepwise induced phase separation techniques resulted in notable improvements in membrane structure and water filtration performance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that membranes with TPU exhibited a denser pore network and finer primary channels, leading to enhanced water flux and protein rejection rates. Mechanical testing indicated that TPU addition improved the membrane's mechanical properties, particularly its elongation at break and tensile strength, especially under wet conditions. Additionally, optimization of the coagulation bath involved methanol spraying followed by water immersion, resulting in membranes with further enhanced flux and rejection properties. Compared with neat PAN membranes, the membranes with TPU exhibited increased water flux from 405 to 539 L/m2 h, as well as improved elongation at break and tensile strength in both dry and wet conditions. Furthermore, the combination of stepwise induced phase separation significantly enhanced the water flux from 342.7 to 483.0 L/m2 h, while also improving the retention rate of ovalbumin from 25.7% to 31.5%.
Electrochemical Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of Cinnamic Acids Revisited: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Goto Natsuki , Uchida Hirotaka , Yasui Takeshi
Published: November 2024

β‐(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes are potentially useful building blocks for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds because their electron‐deficient C=C double bonds can undergo diverse transformations. One of the most practical methods for preparing β‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes is the decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of readily available cinnamic acid derivatives using the Langlois reagent as a less expensive trifluoromethyl source. We revisited the electrochemical decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acid derivatives to identify modified conditions that reduce the loading of the Langlois reagent without additional additives. The reaction mechanism was computationally investigated to gain insight into the dependence of the product yields on the aryl terminal groups. The synthetic utility of the obtained β‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes was demonstrated by their transformation into 4‐aryl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines.
Luminescent Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Using Couroupita guianensis Flower Extract: Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential
Authors: Saritha P. , Arunprakash S. , Srinivasan P. , Al‐Ansari Mysoon M. , Singh Subhav , Dixit Saurav
Published: November 2024

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has become a significant area of research, driven by the demand for sustainable, economical, and environmentally friendly processes, particularly in biomedical applications. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using 10 g of Couroupita guianensis flower extract through a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS techniques, confirming their successful formation and structural properties. The antibacterial efficacy of the AgNPs was assessed against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, achieving 99.5% inactivation for E. coli and 99.3% inactivation for L. monocytogenes after 120 min of visible light exposure. Additionally, the AgNPs showed notable anticancer effects against breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), displaying a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability, with reductions of 15%, 30%, 72%, and 86% observed at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The spherical morphology of the synthesized AgNPs contributed to enhanced interactions with bacterial and cancer cells, underpinning their effectiveness. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these antibacterial and anticancer effects were analyzed, highlighting the unique phytochemical properties of the extract that assist in biosynthesis and activity enhancement. These findings suggest that green‐synthesized AgNPs derived from C. guianensis flower extract hold significant potential for use in biomedical applications, particularly in antibacterial and anticancer therapies.
Electrospun gelatin/hyaluronic acid nanofibers as a platform for uric acid delivery to neural tissue
Authors: Street Reva M. , Kung Frank H. , Beringer Laura T. , Amchin Daniel B. , Firestein Bonnie L. , Schauer Caroline L.
Published: November 2024

Uric acid (UA) is an antioxidant that has been reported to be a neuroprotective compound for injuries and diseases, and specifically, diseases of the central nervous system. However, uric acid is highly insoluble in aqueous solutions, and high levels in the serum lead to gout, which limits its use in humans. Here, we develop a novel drug delivery platform that will release uric acid in a sustained manner for application to neural tissue. We demonstrate that one‐step incorporation of UA into an electrospun gelatin/hyaluronic acid nanofiber mat results in controlled release of UA in culture medium. Taking a unique approach, we made solutions of 12% gelatin and 1% hyaluronic acid in a formic acid solvent and added UA for production of nanofiber mats. We then dehydrothermally crosslinked the mats and tested for release of UA into physiological cell culture medium. To test whether the mats have any detrimental effects on healthy nervous system tissue, we cultured spinal cord explants on the mats extended and assessed extensions from the explants. We observed that comparable numbers and lengths of dendrites are extended from the spinal cord tissue, regardless of the amount UA content in the mats. Our results suggest that electrospun gelatin/hyaluronic acid nanofibers can be used as a platform for sustained uric acid delivery to neural tissue without detrimental effects.
A thematic analysis of the involvement of children and families in Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews in England
Authors: Harrison Cassy , Barker Claire
Published: November 2024

The need to involve children and families in Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews (CSPRs) is set out within the current statutory guidance. However, there remains limited guidance that sets out how this should be done and the available research indicates that children and families are often excluded or choose not to be involved. The aim of this study was to explore how children and families are currently being involved in CSPRs in order to support the development of best practice approaches. The study was conducted by undertaking a thematic analysis of the involvement of children and families in the CSPRs published on the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) repository since the implementation of the guidance in 2018. The analyses identified four themes: ‘reports do not mention family involvement’, ‘children and families were excluded’, ‘children and families were invited but were not involved’ and ‘children and families were invited and at least one member was involved’. The study concludes that there is a necessity for clearer guidance regarding how, when and who will engage with the children and families, taking an individualised approach that offers flexibility, provides support and addresses trauma.
Imbalanced Value Perception Enhances Secondhand Luxury Purchase: Evidence From Chinese Consumers
Authors: Wang Chun‐Chieh , Chen Jie , Fan Wenjian
Published: November 2024

The secondhand luxury market has experienced significant growth in the past few years. Unlike the well‐known knowledge on consumers' luxury consumption, the motivations for purchasing secondhand luxury items remain underexplored. To address this gap, the present study examines how and when Chinese consumers' perceived values affect their purchase intention of secondhand luxury products. We propose that the imbalanced luxury value perception is superior to the balanced one in boosting customer purchase. This hypothesis received convergent support from two studies adopting different methodologies. Specifically, Study 1 was a lab experiment that verified that the imbalance value perception, that is, either a salient financial or symbolic value of a secondhand luxury product, can increase consumers' purchase intention. However, when the two values are highlighted, purchase intention decreases instead. Furthermore, Study 2 adopted a questionnaire survey to test the moderating effects of product risks. Specifically, when the level of product quality (fit) risk is high, a financial‐focused (symbolic‐focused) imbalanced value perception is most effective in improving consumers' purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature on luxury value and risk perception and benefits the marketing practice of secondhand luxury.
Three New Sesquiterpenes from the Leaves of Aglaia elaeagnoidea with NO Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Huy Hoang Nguyen , Thi Trang Do , Anh Bang Ngo , Hai Yen Pham , Thi Dung Duong , Xuan Nhiem Nguyen , Thi Huyen Le , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Hai Yen Duong Thi , Huu Tai Bui , Van Kiem Phan
Published: November 2024

Aglanoideas A−C (1–3), three undescribed sesquiterpenes and eleven known compounds (4–14) were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia elaeagnoidea. Their structures including absolute configurations were characterized by using IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, and experimental and calculating ECD methods. Compounds 3–5, and 7 showed moderate nitric oxide inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 53.7 to 72.5 μM.
Effect of pH shifting and temperature on the functional properties of a commercial pea protein isolate
Authors: Higa Federica , Nickerson Colten , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

In the present study, the effect of a pH‐shifting method in combination with heat was investigated for its effects on the resulting surface and functional properties of a commercial pea protein isolate. The pH shifting process was performed at both acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 10) pH and then adjusted back to neutrality. The heat‐treated samples were further subjected to heating and later neutralized at pH 7.

Findings

The results of these treatments indicated that an alkaline pH shifting, as well as its combination with heat, resulted in a significant increase in the solubility of the proteins, whereas an acidic pH shifting, and in combination with heat, reduced the stability of the proteins in solution. Additionally, some functional properties were enhanced by pH shifting, such as foaming capacity or emulsion stability, while other properties showed no alteration or were negatively impacted, such as foaming stability. Furthermore, analysis of the bubble structure of foams using a dynamic foam analyzer revealed that bubble sizes for samples shifted at pH 2 in combination with heat presented the biggest increase in bubble growth over time, creating a less stable foam.

Conclusions

The application of pH shifting and the use of heat can aid in the improvement of pea protein functionality and allow tailoring of these proteins for specific applications.

Significance and Novelty

This study utilized a simple method to achieve modifications in the protein structures, providing insights into the application of pea proteins into food products as emulsifying and foaming agents.
Emerging role of IRE1α in vascular diseases
Authors: Shi Jia , He Fan , Du Xiaogang
Published: November 2024

A mounting body of evidence suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are involved in the underlying mechanisms responsible for vascular diseases. Inositol‐requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), the most ancient branch among the UPR‐related signaling pathways, can possess both serine/threonine kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activity and can perform physiological and pathological functions. The IRE1α‐signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathology of various vascular diseases. In this review, we provide a general overview of the physiological function of IRE1α and its pathophysiological role in vascular diseases.
Coprecipitation of Sn and Al Precursors to Create Additional Acid Sites of Pt/Sn‐Al2O3 Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Xu , Wang Haowei , Xie Ya‐Dong , Lu An‐Hui
Published: November 2024

Alumina‐supported PtSn catalysts have been industrialized as the major catalysts for propane dehydrogenation, where Sn serves as an essential promoter. Herein, we synthesized a variety of Sn‐doped alumina supports by regulating the precipitation order of Sn and Al precursors as follows: Sn precursor precipitated before Al, coprecipitated with Al, precipitated immediately after Al, or precipitates after 2 h of Al. The effect of Sn promoter on the surface acidic properties of alumina and, ultimately, on propane dehydrogenation was further investigated. The Sn species introduced by coprecipitation in alumina created additional surface strong acid sites, attributed to more Sn4+ species on the surface, which are able to remain stable during the subsequent treatment. Consequently, the coprecipitated Sn species in the corresponding catalyst donate more electrons to Pt and reduce the metal particle size. As a result, the catalyst with Pt supported on the coprecipitated support (Sn+Al) exhibits superior initial propane conversion (43.2%) and stability (kd = 0.035 h−1). This study provides new insight into the interaction between the two key components, tin promoter and alumina support, of Pt/Sn‐Al2O3 catalysts.
Planting time and variety effects on biomass, harvest index, and yield of irrigated soybean in mid‐Southern United States
Authors: Pieralisi Brian , Sharma Ramandeep Kumar , Golden Bobby , Bond Jason , Cook Don , Irby Jon , Cox Mike , Dhillon Jagmandeep
Published: November 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] biomass and grain yield has increased over the past several decades in the mid‐southern United States. This is attributable to technological advances and improved management strategies. However, a better understanding of biomass accumulation and partitioning is needed to improve our knowledge base of varietal growth habits relative to yield, planting date, and harvest index (HI). Field experiments within a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design were established in 2017 and 2018 in Stoneville, MS. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of early (late‐April or mid‐May) and late (late‐May) planting on biomass, HI, and yield amongst eight soybean varieties. Soybean total biomass accumulation was collected at multiple development stages, including V4, R2, mid R5, mid R6, and R8, and partitioned into senesced leaves, pods, and seeds. Overall, the planting date had no effect on yield, HI, and biomass accumulation at any of the growth stages. Yet, the interaction between planting date and variety significantly affected biomass accumulation at the mid R5 stage. Contrarily, the variety selection significantly affected yield, HI, and biomass accumulation at all growth stages except mid R6. The total biomass accumulation at R8 was greatest for Asgrow 46X6, Asgrow 4632, Terral 4857X, Terral 48A76, and Credenz 4748, when pooled over planting dates. Averaged across two planting dates, the greatest yield was produced by Terral 48A76, Asgrow 4632, and Asgrow 46X6. Furthermore, averaged across site‐years, HI was greatest for Asgrow 4632 and Terral 48A76. Based on the results of this study, evaluating soybean HI rather than overall biomass accumulation may be more beneficial for variety selection decisions.
Crop sequence affects horseweed density and productivity in oats
Authors: Schmer Marty , Varvel Gary , Swanson Steve , Fann Ben
Published: November 2024

Plain Language Summary

Diversified crop rotations can provide many benefits that include greater yield stability, better nutrient cycling, and improved pest management. In a long‐term experiment, we observed weed differences in oat that was the result of whether the previous crop was corn or grain sorghum. Horseweed, a common weed in North America, was more prevalent in oat when the previous crop was corn. We speculate that grain sorghum, considered to have allelopathic compounds, suppressed horseweed the following year better than corn. We show that crop sequence within diversified can result in distinct differences in weed presence and production.
Synthesis of Clickable Isotactic Poly(vinyl ether)s through Organocatalytic Stereoselective Cationic Copolymerization
Authors: Liao Yun , Yan Xi , Zhu Hui , Zhou Shuai , Liao Saihu
Published: November 2024

By virtue of the high reliability of click chemistry, polymers with clickable groups provide a useful platform for the rapid synthesis of polymer materials with diverse functionalities and architectures. However, the polymerization of clickable vinyl monomers with a concurrent regulation on tacticity remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report the successful development of a stereoselective cationic copolymerization of C−C triple bond‐containing vinyl ethers with simple alkyl vinyl ethers by employing confined Brønsted acid as catalyst, which allows for the synthesis of alkyne‐functionalized vinyl ether copolymers with high isotacticity (up to 90 % m), controlled molecular weight, and variable content of C−C triple bonds. Further transformation of the pendant clickable alkyne groups via thiol‐yne click reactions and copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction enables a modular access to isotactic polymers with various functional groups.
Tetraphenylethylene‐Derived Tetracarboxylate Featuring AIE Properties for Dual Ion Sensing and Mechanochromic Self‐Erasable Writing
Authors: Zhang Qiaona , Dang Xiaoman , Cui Fengyao , Wu Zhiying , Li Zheng‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Xiao Tangxin , Wang Leyong
Published: November 2024

The integration of multiple functions within a single fluorescent molecule provides a promising platform for developing versatile, efficient, and cost‐effective materials with enhanced performance across diverse applications. In this study, we introduce TPEC, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule derived from tetraphenylethylene‐based tetracarboxylate, which demonstrates multifunctional capabilities, including metal ion sensing and self‐erasable writing. TPEC exhibits amphiphilicity in water, self‐assembling into single‐layer nanosheets with robust blue fluorescence. Notably, the aqueous solution of TPEC displays a fluorescence colorimetric response to Al3+ ions and fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe3+ ions. Additionally, TPEC powders undergo fluorescence colorimetric changes under mechanical stimulation, enabling self‐erasable writing on prepared paper. This study presents a straightforward strategy for the development of multifunctional luminescent materials based on the self‐assembly of a single‐component fluorophore.
A study on the adequacy of some actinides adsorption on a modified guanidine Schiff base from laboratory effluents
Authors: El‐Gamasy Sabreen M. , Mubark Amal E. , Razek Samar E. Abd‐El , Eliwa Ahmed A.
Published: November 2024

Besides the distinctive features and medicinal benefits of guanidine Schiff bases, the possibility of their use as a sorbent for radioactive contents of effluents was developed in the current study. A series of adsorption experiments were performed with 2,2‐benzene‐1,4‐dildiguanidine di‐salicylate synthesized sorbent from sulphate feed solutions containing UO22+ and ThSO42+ species each separately. Infrared studies demonstrated that the sorbent links to both actinides via the azomethine nitrogen atom and the hydroxyl groups on the sorbent. Thermal analyses were also performed. Using the greatest adsorption results, UO22+ and ThSO42+ were able to bind to modified guanidine Schiff base (MGSB) sorbent with uptake capacities of 98 and 54 mg/g respectively. The maximal uptake was achieved at pH 5.5 and 3.5 and 90 min contact time for UO22+ and ThSO42+, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results for UO22+ and ThSO42+ were in good agreement with Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo‐second‐order reaction model and demonstrated the endothermic nature and kinetic improvement by increasing temperatures. All kinetic and isotherm results demonstrated the chemical adsorption of both UO22+ and ThSO42+ at the MGSB active sites. Positive ∆H (40.54 and 40.16 kJ/mol for UO22+ and ThSO42+, respectively) proved the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.
Exaggerated T‐wave alternans in children with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Tamilia Eleonora , Makaram Navaneethakrishna , Ntolkeras Georgios , Chericoni Assia , Holst Sebastian , Hipp Joerg , Rotenberg Alexander
Published: November 2024

Objective

We aimed to test whether T‐wave alternans (TWA), which is a marker of susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation, is abnormal in children with Angelman syndrome (AS) compared with typically developing children (TDC), and whether it can be used as a biomarker of AS.

Materials and Methods

Using surface electrocardiogram (ECG), we calculated TWA in AS and compared it between AS and TDC (Wilcoxon rank sum test). We then performed logistic regression to test TWA ability to distinguish AS from TDC.

Results

We observed higher TWA in AS than TDC (44 vs. 33 uV, p = 0.009), while heart rate did not differ (p = 0.26), nor its variability (p = 0.72). TWA values enabled discrimination between AS and TDC (p = 0.0008) with accuracy of 81%, positive predictive value of 72%, and negative predictive value of 100%.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that ECG in children with AS contains evidence of acquired cardiac abnormality via pathologically increased TWA.
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease in children
Authors: Saylam Ezgi , Ramani Praveen Kumar , Duvuru Ruthwik , Haley Brett , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan
Published: November 2024

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease represents a diverse group of inherited neuropathies with a broad spectrum of symptoms. It is the most prevalent inherited neuropathy, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 9.7 to 82 cases per 100,000 individuals. Despite this, CMT comprises only 118 of 853 inherited neuropathy entries in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. This comprehensive review offers a thorough examination of CMT's clinical features, subtypes, genetic underpinnings, and pathomechanisms in pediatric cases. CMT typically manifests as progressively worsening muscle weakness and atrophy, primarily affecting the distal extremities. Patients may also experience foot and ankle deformities, hand atrophy, and other systemic issues. To accurately diagnose CMT, a detailed family history, comprehensive clinical evaluation, nerve conduction studies, and relevant genetic testing are essential. Importantly, establishing a differential diagnosis is crucial during evaluation to rule out other conditions with similar presentations. This review aims to provide clinicians with a valuable resource for diagnosing and managing CMT, emphasizing the need for a streamlined and standardized approach considering advancements in genetic testing and the identification of various subtypes.
The Analysis of Vibrational Spectra: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Parker Stewart F.
Published: November 2024

Vibrational spectroscopy can be said to have started with the seminal work of Coblentz in the 1900s, who recorded the first recognisable infrared spectra. Today, vibrational spectroscopy is ubiquitous and there are many ways to measure a vibrational spectrum. But this is usually only the first step, almost always there is a need to assign the resulting spectra: “what property of the system results in a feature at this energy”? How this question has been answered has changed over the last century, as our understanding of the fundamental physics of matter has evolved. In this Perspective, I will present my view of how the analysis of vibrational spectra has evolved over time. The article is divided into three sections: past, present and future. The “past” section consists of a very brief history of vibrational spectroscopy. The “present” is centered around ab initio studies, particularly with density functional theory (DFT) and I will describe how this has become almost routine. For the “future”, I will extrapolate current trends and also speculate as to what might come next.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Oral Health Behaviors Among Children in Iran
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Razmjouei Faranak , Fayazi Fatemesadat , Rafiee Azade , Vossoughi Mehrdad
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Parents are responsible for their children's oral health. This study evaluated parents' knowledge, attitudes, and performance on their children's oral health before and after an educational intervention and the impact of COVID‐19 on these variables.

Material and Methods

This quasi‐experimental study included 227 children aged 6–8 years who were referred to 11 Shiraz medical centers from July to December 2021. Data were collected from questionnaires and interviews. After completing the questionnaire, oral health education was provided immediately and then monthly thereafter using dental models and pamphlets. After 3 months, a questionnaire assessed the education's effectiveness. Data were analyzed using independent t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t‐tests, and Pearson's correlation.

Results

A total of 163 participants (71.80%) completed all phases, including the second questionnaire. Participants showed moderate knowledge (77.30%), attitude (89.00%), and performance (80.40%). Neither knowledge nor attitude before the intervention had a significant association with demographic characteristics. Parents' education, number of children, and maternal employment were significantly associated with performance (p = 0.002, p = 0.040, p < 0.001, respectively). The intervention significantly enhanced these variables (p < 0.001). In terms of COVID‐19, 72.40% of participants expressed good knowledge about transmission, 52.80% showed moderate concern, and 54% had poor performance. Parental knowledge, attitude, and performance changed significantly following the intervention (p = 0.030, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Educational intervention significantly improved parents' knowledge, attitudes, and performance toward children's oral health. Because of the poor performance of parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we recommend the implementation of continuing education and preventive oral health programs.