bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Low Back Pain Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Perspective
Authors: Knauer Stefanie R. , Freburger Janet K. , Carey Timothy S.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of chronic low back pain (LBP) in older North Carolinians, describe their health and health care utilization, and compare these findings with younger subgroups. Method: A cross-sectional, telephone survey of 5,357 households was conducted to identify 732 adults with chronic, impairing LBP. Results: Chronic LBP prevalence in older adults was significantly higher than the 21-to-44-year age group (12.3% vs. 6.5%, p < .001). Older adults were more disabled, had longer symptom duration, and were less depressed. Chronic LBP care seeking in older adults was significantly lower than the 45-to-64-year age group (80.6% vs. 88.6%, p = .02). Older adults were less likely to receive bed rest, spinal manipulation, heat/cold treatments, electrical stimulation, and massage therapy. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, strong narcotics, and antidepressants was significantly lower in the older age group. Discussion: There are age-related differences in health and health care use among individuals with chronic LBP.
Observational Cohort Study of Pediatric Inpatients With Central Venous Catheters at “Intermediate Risk” of Thrombosis and Eligible for Anticoagulant Prophylaxis
Authors: Harney Kathy M. , McCabe Margaret , Branowicki Patricia , Kalish Leslie A. , Neufeld Ellis J.
Published: July 2010

The risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among hospitalized children is rising.The optimal approach to DVT prophylaxis in children is unclear. This study set out to ascertain the prevalence of DVT among pediatric inpatients who neither have contraindications to nor absolute indications for prophylactic therapy. A prospective surveillance of at-risk children plus a retrospective chart review were conducted. Patients were considered to be at risk after the first 2 days of their admission. Of 1,637patients reviewed, 198 patients met criteria; among these, 84% did not receive prophylaxis. Of 2,354 observed days at risk for nonprophylaxed patients (including days at risk prior to initiating prophylaxis among prophlyaxed patients), there were 9 DVT events, for a rate 3.82/1,000 days observed. A total of 31 patients received prophylaxis. Three of these patients experienced a DVT. One patient had a bleeding event, hematuria. These results describe patients who may be eligible for prophylaxis and should be screened for further risk factors.
A Research Agenda for Alternative Licensure Programs in Music Education
Authors: Hellman Daniel S. , Resch Barbara J. , Aguilar Carla E. , McDowell Carol , Artesani Laura
Published: July 2010

Over the past 25 years, alternative certification has emerged as a realistic option for obtaining teacher certification in music. Although advocated by policy makers and embraced by career changers, music teacher educators have frequently viewed the role of content knowledge and pedagogical training in these programs with a high degree of skepticism. This article provides an overview of the organizational schemes used in graduate and nondegree alternative certification programs at universities, school districts, and other entities. A research agenda is provided that is designed to stimulate academic scholarship on alternative certification policies and programs and their impact on candidate quality, music education programs, and the music education profession overall.
Traversability: A Case Study for Learning and Perceiving Affordances in Robots
Authors: Uğur Emre , Şahin Erol
Published: July 2010

The concept of affordances, introduced in psychology by J. J. Gibson, has recently attracted interest in the development of cognitive systems in autonomous robotics. In earlier work (Sahin, Çakmak, Dogar, Ugur, & Üçoluk), we reviewed the uses of this concept in different fields and proposed a formalism to use affordances at different levels of robot control. In this article, we first review studies in ecological psychology on the learning and perception of traversability in organisms and describe how the existence of traversability was judged to exist. We then describe the implementation of one part of the affordance formalism for the learning and perception of traversability affordances on a mobile robot equipped with range sensing ability. Through experiments inspired by ecological psychology, we show that the robot, by interacting with its environment, can learn to perceive the traversability affordances. Moreover, we claim that three of the main attributes that are commonly associated with affordances, that is, affordances being relative to the environment, providing perceptual economy, and providing general information, are simply consequences of learning from the interactions of the robot with the environment.
Cardiac Protection During On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Ischemic Versus Isoflurane Preconditioning
Authors: Amr Yasser Mohamed , Yassin Ibrahim M.
Published: July 2010

Objectives. To compare the cardioprotective effects of anesthetic preconditioning by isoflurane with ischemic preconditioning. Methods. A total of 45 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were randomized to preconditioning either by 3 episodes of 1-minute aortic cross-clamping followed by 4 minutes of reperfusion after each episode, a 10-minute exposure to isoflurane 2.5% followed by 5 minutes of washout, or no preconditioning technique (control group). Hemodynamic data, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) release, need for inotropic support, hospital stay, and adverse cardiac events were measured and recorded. Results. Preconditioned patients showed marked improvement in hemodynamic data, less need for inotropic support, and less postoperative increase in the serum levels of CK-MB and cTnI. No significant difference in hospital stay was found. Also, 4 patients in the control group had adverse cardiac events versus 1 patient in the isoflurane and ischemic groups in 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions. Based on this very small sample size, these data support a cardioprotective effect of isoflurane and ischemic preconditioning during CABG surgery.
An Analysis of Academic Leadership in Hospitality and Tourism Journals
Authors: Law Rob , Leung Rosanna , Buhalis Dimitrios
Published: July 2010

Despite the wide recognition of the importance of research in the academic community, the existing hospitality and tourism literature contains no published articles on the academic leadership of editors, associate editors, and editorial board members. This article presents the findings of a study that analyzed regional and institutional contributions to major research journals in the hospitality and tourism field. The empirical findings show that North America, and in particular the United States, has the largest regional and national share of editors, associate editors, and editorial board members, demonstrating the country’s clear academic leadership. When individual institutes are considered, it is evident that very few universities in the world can demonstrate leadership and that those that do are naturally universities that have a major specialization in tourism and hospitality.
Religion and International Relations theory
Authors: Sandal Nukhet A. , James Patrick
Published: July 2010

Until the end of the Cold War, it is not an exaggeration to say that only a few theorists of International Relations (IR) or policy-makers engaged in either substantial investigation or articulation of the links between cultural variables like religion and ethnicity on one hand and international affairs on the other. In our article, we argue that this pattern does not do justice to the nature of mainstream IR theories. Although studies are accumulating, how (or whether) religion as a variable can be integrated into mainstream IR thinking still remains in question. We look at three main traditions in IR theory — classical realism, structural realism and neoliberalism — to see how religion can contribute to our understanding of international affairs within those frameworks. We claim that, without stretching the limits of theories or disturbing their intellectual coherence, possibilities for two-way interactions between the frameworks and identity-related variables like religion can be identified.
The Psychological Impact of Genital Herpes Stigma
Authors: Merin Abigail , Pachankis John E.
Published: July 2010

This article reviews the psychological consequences of genital herpes infection through the lens of a recently proposed framework for conceptualizing concealable stigmas. We incorporate research on identity, stigma, and the connection between psychological and physical health to outline how negative stigma-related psychological consequences perpetuate distress associated with genital herpes. Our review of the research suggests a model linking negative affect and poor coping to frequent recurrences of genital herpes outbreaks. Frequent outbreaks, in turn, increase the salience of the stigma, reinforcing a stigmatized self-schema, thereby creating negative psychological consequences, continuing the cycle. We conclude by discussing the implications of this model for future research and mental health treatment.
Women’s Reasons for Seeking Breast Reduction
Authors: Reardon Rhona , Grogan Sarah
Published: July 2010

This study explored experiences of women with large breasts who were considering or had had breast reduction surgery. Open-ended questionnaires were returned via email from 32 women, 13 of whom were seeking breast reduction and 19 who had already undergone breast reduction surgery. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Themes arising from this analysis included physical symptoms, information, and body image and self-esteem. Implications for Health Psychology are discussed, including the necessity to assist women to cope with pain prior to breast reduction, and assisting health professionals to develop more effective communication skills.
Benefit Finding After Cancer
Authors: Dunn Jeff , Occhipinti Stefano , Campbell Alistair , Ferguson Megan , Chambers Suzanne K.
Published: July 2010

Purpose: Benefit finding after cancer is common. The mechanism for this may include cognitive processing of the cancer trauma within a supportive social context. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 439 cancer patients assessing optimism, intrusion, avoidance, social support and constraints, anxiety, depression, QOL, benefit finding. Results: Benefit finding was predicted by female gender, greater optimism, high intrusive thinking, high social support and constraints. Conclusions: The role of social constraints in the generation of benefit finding is unclear. Future research should assess how the specific nature of intrusive thoughts may influence benefit finding over time and how social environment interacts with this.
Antibiotic-Loaded Cement Beads for Charcot Ankle Osteomyelitis
Authors: Ramanujam Crystal L. , Zgonis Thomas
Published: July 2010

The concomitant presence of osteomyelitis and diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle places those patients affected at increased risk for limb loss. Antibiotic-loaded cement has been reported to be useful in the treatment of deep soft tissue and joint infections. The authors present an overview of this adjunctive treatment modality and present a case report using antibiotic-loaded cement beads in staged reconstruction for Charcot ankle osteomyelitis.
Critical Conversations
Authors: Davis Hugh , Eddy Virginia A. , Finder Stuart , Fox Mark D. , Maldonado Lawrence , Osborne Molly , Riedinger Mary , Stone Susan C. , Hackner Dani
Published: July 2010

Vignette

Background: Sharon is a 56-year-old woman who has been complaining of bloating and discomfort for years. While descending steps from her hillside home, she recently fell and fractured her pelvis. A CT of the pelvis revealed a large ovarian mass with smaller masses in the peritoneum, and studies of the chest and upper abdomen revealed masses in the liver and lung. A recent biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated cells. She was diagnosed with metastatic ovarian carcinoma and managed conservatively for the pelvic fracture. Until last month Sharon ran a preschool, but she has been homebound for weeks.

Presentation: Now, a month after the fracture, Sharon has developed increasing shortness of breath and has been admitted to the hospital with fever and pulmonary infiltrates bilaterally. She appears weak and delirious and has a raspy cough and signs on examination of extensive lung consolidation. She has lost a substantial amount of weight since last month. She is receiving high-flow oxygen 100% in the ICU, as well as antibiotics and vasopressors.

At Sharon’s bedside is her 24-year-old daughter, who lives with her and works at the preschool. Her 30-year-old son, who has been working in South America, has not seen his mother in years. He arrives from the airport tonight. Sharon’s spouse Frank cannot be with her as he had been hospitalized only days earlier due to complications of Parkinson’s. Sharon has no written advance directive documented.

The primary physician on the case, her oncologist, has requested the assistance of a pulmonologist and an orthopedist. The charge nurse asks the attending-of-record to consider involving the palliative care service, but the physician responds that “this is not the time.” A night shift nurse places a call to Clinical Ethics.
Being a Successful Medically Trained Surgical Intensivist
Authors: Savel Richard H. , Lavotshkin Simon , Shiloh Ariel L. , Carlese Anthony J. , Gropper Michael A.
Published: July 2010

Despite the growing demand for board- certified intensivists in the United States, the roles for medically trained intensivists (MTIs) in leadership positions in surgical ICUs remain limited. This report explores some of the challenges facing internal medicine (IM) critical care fellows who are considering careers as surgical intensivists or MTIs who are moving to a surgical ICU. A practical framework is provided for attaining these jobs and thriving in these positions once obtained. The article explores the nuances between medical and surgical ICUs and concludes by describing how surgical critical care can be a gratifying career for the IM-trained intensivist and an asset to the surgical ICU.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic health conditions after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study
Authors: Sun Can-Lan , Francisco Liton , Kawashima Toana , Leisenring Wendy , Robison Leslie L. , Baker K. Scott , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Forman Stephen J. , Bhatia Smita
Published: July 2010

Long-term survival is now an expected outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, the burden of morbidity long-term after HCT remains unknown. We examined the magnitude of risk of chronic health conditions reported by 1022 HCT survivors and their siblings (n = 309). A severity score (grades 1 [mild] through 4 [life-threatening]) was assigned to each health condition using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3. Sixty-six percent of the HCT survivors reported at least one chronic condition; 18% reported severe/life-threatening conditions; comparable values in siblings were 39% and 8%, respectively (P < .001). The cumulative incidence of a chronic health condition among HCT survivors was 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56%-62%) at 10 years after HCT; for severe/life-threatening conditions or death from chronic health conditions, the 10-year cumulative incidence approached 35% (95% CI, 32%-39%). HCT survivors were twice as likely as siblings to develop a chronic condition (95% CI, 1.6-2.1), and 3.5 times to develop severe/life-threatening conditions (95% CI, 2.3-5.4). HCT survivors with chronic graft-versus-host disease were 4.7 times as likely to develop severe/life-threatening conditions (95% CI, 3.0-7.2). The burden of long-term morbidity borne by HCT survivors is substantial, and long-term follow-up of patients who received transplantation is recommended.
Molecular characterization of the PhoPQ-PmrD-PmrAB mediated pathway regulating polymyxin B resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43
Authors: Cheng Hsin-Yao , Chen Yi-Fong , Peng Hwei-Ling
Published: July 2010

Background

The cationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin has recently been reevaluated in the treatment of severe infections caused by gram negative bacteria.

Methods

In this study, the genetic determinants for capsular polysaccharide level and lipopolysaccharide modification involved in polymyxin B resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae were characterized. The expressional control of the genes responsible for the resistance was assessed by a LacZ reporter system. The PmrD connector-mediated regulation for the expression of pmr genes involved in polymyxin B resistance was also demonstrated by DNA EMSA, two-hybrid analysis and in vitro phosphor-transfer assay.

Results

Deletion of the rcsB, which encoded an activator for the production of capsular polysaccharide, had a minor effect on K. pneumoniae resistance to polymyxin B. On the other hand, deletion of ugd or pmrF gene resulted in a drastic reduction of the resistance. The polymyxin B resistance was shown to be regulated by the two-component response regulators PhoP and PmrA at low magnesium and high iron, respectively. Similar to the control identified in Salmonella, expression of pmrD in K. pneumoniae was dependent on PhoP, the activated PmrD would then bind to PmrA to prolong the phosphorylation state of the PmrA, and eventually turn on the expression of pmr for the resistance to polymyxin B.

Conclusions

The study reports a role of the capsular polysaccharide level and the pmr genes for K. pneumoniae resistance to polymyxin B. The PmrD connector-mediated pathway in governing the regulation of pmr expression was demonstrated. In comparison to the pmr regulation in Salmonella, PhoP in K. pneumoniae plays a major regulatory role in polymyxin B resistance.
Density estimation and adaptive bandwidths: A primer for public health practitioners
Authors: Carlos Heather A , Shi Xun , Sargent James , Tanski Susanne , Berke Ethan M
Published: July 2010

Background

Geographic information systems have advanced the ability to both visualize and analyze point data. While point-based maps can be aggregated to differing areal units and examined at varying resolutions, two problems arise 1) the modifiable areal unit problem and 2) any corresponding data must be available both at the scale of analysis and in the same geographic units. Kernel density estimation (KDE) produces a smooth, continuous surface where each location in the study area is assigned a density value irrespective of arbitrary administrative boundaries. We review KDE, and introduce the technique of utilizing an adaptive bandwidth to address the underlying heterogeneous population distributions common in public health research.

Results

The density of occurrences should not be interpreted without knowledge of the underlying population distribution. When the effect of the background population is successfully accounted for, differences in point patterns in similar population areas are more discernible; it is generally these variations that are of most interest. A static bandwidth KDE does not distinguish the spatial extents of interesting areas, nor does it expose patterns above and beyond those due to geographic variations in the density of the underlying population. An adaptive bandwidth method uses background population data to calculate a kernel of varying size for each individual case. This limits the influence of a single case to a small spatial extent where the population density is high as the bandwidth is small. If the primary concern is distance, a static bandwidth is preferable because it may be better to define the "neighborhood" or exposure risk based on distance. If the primary concern is differences in exposure across the population, a bandwidth adapting to the population is preferred.

Conclusions

Kernel density estimation is a useful way to consider exposure at any point within a spatial frame, irrespective of administrative boundaries. Utilization of an adaptive bandwidth may be particularly useful in comparing two similarly populated areas when studying health disparities or other issues comparing populations in public health.
A group II intron encodes a functional LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease and self-splices under moderate temperature and ionic conditions
Authors: Mullineux Sahra-Taylor , Costa Maria , Bassi Gurminder S. , Michel François , Hausner Georg
Published: July 2010

A group II intron encoding a protein belonging to the LAGLIDADG family of homing endonucleases was identified in the mitochondrial rns gene of the filamentous fungus Leptographium truncatum, and the catalytic activities of both the intron and its encoded protein were characterized. A model of the RNA secondary structure indicates that the intron is a member of the IIB1 subclass and the open reading frame is inserted in ribozyme domain III. In vitro assays carried out with two versions of the intron, one in which the open reading frame was removed and the other in which it was present, demonstrate that both versions of the intron readily self-splice at 37°C and at a concentration of MgCl2 as low as 6 mM. The open reading frame encodes a functional LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease that cleaves 2 (top strand) and 6 (bottom strand) nucleotides (nt) upstream of the intron insertion site, generating 4 nt 3′ OH overhangs. In vitro splicing assays carried out in the absence and presence of the intron-encoded protein indicate that the protein does not enhance intron splicing, and RNA-binding assays show that the protein does not appear to bind to the intron RNA precursor transcript. These findings raise intriguing questions concerning the functional and evolutionary relationships of the two components of this unique composite element.
Mucinous Adenocarcinomas with Intra-Abdominal Dissemination: A Review of Current Therapy
Authors: Winder Thomas , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: July 2010

Peritoneal carcinomatosis has been considered a terminal disease with a median survival time of 5.2–12.6 months. Systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) have long been used to treat macroscopic disease, with limited success. However, a comprehensive treatment approach involving cytroreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has evolved into a novel approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Surgery removes the primary cancer and any dissemination within the peritoneal cavity and adjuvant HIPEC eradicates macroscopic or microscopic tumor residue, thus reducing the risk for recurrence. This approach offers a new potential treatment option for patients with metastatic disease confined to the peritoneum. The present review provides an update of the most recent data on the current therapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) with metastatic disease confined to the peritoneum.
Obesity and Price Sensitivity at the Supermarket
Authors: Gandal Neil , Shabelansky Anastasia
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we employ a rich data set at the individual level in order to examine which factors are most highly correlated with obesity. Our main result is that, even after controlling for income levels and other factors, high price-sensitivity for food products is associated with high obesity rates. We find that a woman of average height who stated that prices were not important at all when purchasing food products had a weight circumference 4.5 centimeters (roughly 1.8 inches) smaller than those who stated that price was very important. We also show that this price effect is not limited to those with low income levels.
R&D-Hindering Collusion
Authors: Bacchiega Emanuele , Lambertini Luca , Mantovani Andrea
Published: July 2010

In an extended version of d'Aspremont and Jacquemin's (1988) R&D competition model, we identify a region where the game is a prisoner's dilemma in that region firms' optimal strategy still prescribes to invest in R&D. However, they would obtain a higher profit by not investing at all. A standard Folk Theorem argument suggests that firms implicitly tend to collude and refrain from investing in R&D when their interaction is repeated. When this happens, social welfare shrinks, but we argue that promoting joint research constitutes a remedy to the lack of innovation efforts, rather than the excess thereof.
Scaffolding Inclusion in a Grade 8 Core French Classroom: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Arnett Katy
Published: July 2010

This article reports on two components of a micro case study of a Grade 8 Core French teacher's experiences in meeting the various learner needs in her classroom. Using sociocultural theory (SCT) to unite the constructs of special education and second language (L2) education, this analysis explores the role of both global and discrete teaching strategies in balancing curricular expectations with student needs. Results suggest that the creation of an inclusive classroom environment in this classroom context is likely linked to a teacher's ability to implement known effective practices for L2 education, as these strategies seem to naturally scaffold many of the needs of the students who are included. Further, the teacher's beliefs about supporting a wide range of student needs within this classroom are also revealed as a key influence in this process.
Oral Fluency: The Neglected Component in the Communicative Language Classroom
Authors: Rossiter Marian J. , Derwing Tracey M. , Manimtim Linda G. , Thomson Ron I.
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we argue that current instructional ESL resources must be supplemented to facilitate the effective development of learners’ oral fluency. We summarize some of the pertinent literature on L2 fluency and report the results of a survey of fluency activities (free production, rehearsal/repetition, consciousness-raising, and use of formulaic sequences and fillers) found in 28 ESL learner texts and 14 teacher resource materials. The findings indicated a heavy emphasis on free-production tasks in both learner and teacher resource books, with less focus on the use of formulaic sequences, rehearsal, and repetition. Learner texts were sorely lacking in consciousness-raising activities; furthermore, fewer than half of the teacher resource books included these. We describe types of oral fluency instruction that can be integrated into L2 classes to address these deficiencies. Finally, we propose contact activities to assist learners in developing fluency outside their ESL courses, and suggestions for research.
Effect of reimbursement changes on erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent utilization and transfusions
Authors: Hess Gregory , Nordyke Robert J. , Hill Jerrold , Hulnick Scott
Published: July 2010

Cancer patients frequently develop chemotherapy‐induced anemia, which can be treated with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. These agents have shifted the standard of chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment away from the previous mainstay of red blood cell transfusions. In July 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a National Coverage Decision restricting reimbursement for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents to those chemotherapy patients who have hemoglobin levels <10 g/dL at initiation of therapy. This decision was hypothesized to place a greater reliance on transfusions for chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment. This observational study examined transfusions and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent utilization rates within defined episodes of chemotherapy care using electronic medical records from seven practices consisting of 39 sites of care across seven states. We compared the frequency of myelosuppressive chemotherapy treatment, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent administrations, and red blood cell transfusions before and after the National Coverage Decision in oncology patients with chemotherapy‐induced anemia. Although exposure to myelosuppressive chemotherapy was not different, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent administrations significantly decreased and blood transfusions significantly increased after implementation of the National Coverage Decision. The 31% increase in transfusions for patients aged 65 years and older was significant (P = 0.007) and higher than the 8% increase for patients younger than 65 years (P = 0.358). Changes in practice patterns for chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment that followed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement decision for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents seem to be impacting practice patterns. Further research is necessary to determine whether these changes represent a widespread and durable shift in patient treatment. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transitions in search tactics during the Web‐based search process
Authors: Xie Iris , Joo Soohyung
Published: July 2010

Although many studies have identified search tactics, few studies have explored tactic transitions. This study investigated the transitions of search tactics during the Web‐based search process. Bringing their own 60 search tasks, 31 participants, representing the general public with different demographic characteristics, participated in the study. Data collected from search logs and verbal protocols were analyzed by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of this study show that participants exhibited some unique Web search tactics. They overwhelmingly employed accessing and evaluating tactics; they used fewer tactics related to modifying search statements, monitoring the search process, organizing search results, and learning system features. The contributing factors behind applying most and least frequently employed search tactics are in relation to users' efforts, trust in information retrieval (IR) systems, preference, experience, and knowledge as well as limitation of the system design. A matrix of search‐tactic transitions was created to show the probabilities of transitions from one tactic to another. By applying fifth‐order Markov chain, the results also presented the most common search strategies representing patterns of tactic transition occurring at the beginning, middle, and ending phases within one search session. The results of this study generated detailed and useful guidance for IR system design to support the most frequently applied tactics and transitions, to reduce unnecessary transitions, and support transitions at different phases.
Effects of Flow Pulsation on Forced Convection in a Channel Containing Regularly Spaced Nonconducting Fins
Authors: Olayiwola B. O. , Schaldach G. , Walzel P.
Published: July 2010

The effects of pulsating flow on forced convection in a rectangular channel containing a series of regularly spaced, nonconducting inserts were investigated experimentally. Based on the experimental data, a correlation equation was developed. The steady‐flow Reynolds number Re in the laminar range, Re < 1200, was examined. The Prandtl number of the working fluid Pr = 15 and the oscillation was generated using low‐frequency oscillation at f < 50 Hz and amplitude A < 1 mm. The energy dissipation as a result of applied oscillation was determined by phase‐resolved measurements of pressure difference and liquid displacement. The system shows improved convective heat transfer towards a low Reynolds number. At a higher Reynolds number, the influence of the oscillation diminished and the flow approaches a steady finned flow. The predictions of the developed correlation equation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated power input due to oscillation is comparatively low and decreases towards increasing net flow rates where the oscillating flow has a diminishing effect.
Intramolecular Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction for the Total Synthesis of Signal Peptidase Inhibitors, Arylomycins A2 and B2
Authors: Dufour Jeremy , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: July 2010

Development of the total syntheses of arylomycins A1 and B2 is detailed. Key features of our approach include 1) formation of 14‐membered meta,meta‐cyclophane by an intramolecular Suzuki–Miyaura reaction; 2) incorporation of N‐Me‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycine into the cyclization precursor, which avoids the late‐stage low‐yielding N‐methylation step; 3) segment coupling of a fully elaborated peptide side chain to the macrocycle, which makes the synthesis highly convergent. Overall, arylomycin A2 was obtained in 13 steps from L‐Tyr for the longest linear sequence, in 13 % overall yield. Arylomycin B2 was synthesized in 10 steps from L‐3‐nitro‐Tyr, in 10 % overall yield.
Sodium Effect on Self‐Organization of Amphiphilic Carboxylates: Formation of Structured Micelles and Superlattices
Authors: Rosenlehner Karin , Schade Boris , Böttcher Christoph , Jäger Christof M. , Clark Timothy , Heinemann Frank W. , Hirsch Andreas
Published: July 2010

Not only the self‐aggregation of dendritic polycarboxylates into structurally persistent micelles, but also that of the micelles themselves into superlattices is controlled by alkali‐metal counterions and shows a pronounced sodium effect. Our combined experimental and computational work has revealed the formation of superlattices for the first time. The behavior of a variety of amphiphilic carboxylates and the different effects of the alkali cations Li+, Na+, and K+ have been investigated by conductivity measurements, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), and molecular‐dynamics (MD) simulations. Together, these show that sodium salts of the amphiphiles give the most stable micelles, followed by lithium and potassium. Our results suggest that ion multiplets in bridging positions, rather than contact ion pairs, are responsible for the enhanced stability and the formation of hexagonally ordered superlattices with sodium counterions. Potassium ions do not form such ion multiplets and cannot therefore induce aggregation of the micelles. This sodium effect has far‐reaching consequences for a large number of biological and technical systems and sheds new light on the origin of specific‐ion effects.
Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence Determination of Cancer Cells Based on Aptamers and Magnetic Beads
Authors: Ding Caifeng , Ge Ying , Zhang Shusheng
Published: July 2010

The electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of cell lines of Burkitt’s lymphoma (Ramos) by using magnetic beads as the separation tool and high‐affinity DNA aptamers for signal recognition is reported. Au nanoparticles (NPs) bifunctionalized with aptamers and CdS NPs were used for electrochemical signal amplification. The anodic stripping voltammetry technology employed for the analysis of cadmium ions dissolved from CdS NPs on the aggregates provided a means to quantify the amount of the target cells. This electrochemical method could respond down to 67 cancer cells per mL with a linear calibration range from 1.0×102 to 1.0×105 cells mL−1, which shows very high sensitivity. In addition, the assay was able to differentiate between target and control cells based on the aptamer used in the assay, indicating the wide applicability of the assay for diseased cell detection. ECL detection was also performed by functionalizing the signal DNA, which was complementary to the aptamer of the Ramos cells, with tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium. The ECL intensity of the signal DNA, replaced by the target cells from the ECL probes, directly reflected the quantity of the amount of the cells. With the use of the developed ECL probe, a limit of detection as low as 89 Ramos cells per mL could be achieved. The proposed methods based on electrochemical and ECL should have wide applications in the diagnosis of cancers due to their high sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost.
Nanoparticles for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Calcium and Barium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Wall Painting Consolidation
Authors: Giorgi Rodorico , Ambrosi Moira , Toccafondi Nicola , Baglioni Piero
Published: July 2010

Nanotechnology provides new concepts and materials for the consolidation and protection of wall paintings. In particular, humble calcium and barium hydroxide nanoparticles offer a versatile and highly efficient tool to combat the main degradation processes altering wall paintings. Clear example of the efficacy and potentiality of nanotechnology is represented by the conservation in situ of Maya wall paintings in the archaeological area in Calakmul (Mexico).
Covalency in CeIV and UIV Halide and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Bonds
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Turner Zoë R. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas , Pelekanaki Panagiota , Bellabarba Ronan M. , Tooze Robert P.
Published: July 2010

Oxidative halogenation with trityl chloride provides convenient access to CeIV and UIV chloroamides [M(N{SiMe3}2)3Cl] and their N‐heterocyclic carbene derivatives, [M(L)(N{SiMe3}2)2Cl] (L=OCMe2CH2(CNCH2CH2NDipp) Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). Computational analysis of the bonding in these and a fluoro analogue, [U(L)(N{SiMe3}2)2F], provides new information on the covalency in this relative rare oxidation state for molecular cerium complexes. Computational studies reveal increased Mayer bond orders in the actinide carbene bond compared with the lanthanide carbene bond, and natural and atoms‐in‐molecules analyses suggest greater overall ionicity in the cerium complexes than in the uranium analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Ruthenium Gallides with the Ideal Composition Ln2Ru3Ga5 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm) Crystallizing with U2Mn3Si5 (Sc2Fe3Si5) Type Structure.
Authors: Jeitschko Wolfgang , Schlueter Martin
Published: July 2010

The title compounds (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) are prepared by arc‐melting of cold‐pressed pellets of the elements and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD (Ce and Sm compounds).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of the New Boride Solid Solutions M0.5Ru6.5B3 (M: Cr, Mn, Co, Ni).
Authors: Misse Patrick R. N. , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: July 2010

The title compounds are prepared by arc melting of the elements in a water‐cooled copper crucible under Ar and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of New Ferroelectrics: [H2dbco]2·[Cl3]· [CuCl3(H2O)2]·H2O (dbco = 1,4‐Diaza‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane).
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ye Heng‐Yun , Cai Hong‐Ling , Ge Jia‐Zhen , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Huang Songping D.
Published: July 2010

The title compound is characterized by temperature dependent dielectric measurements and XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline and Glassy Phases in the Ternary System Tl/Bi/Cl: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Thallium(I) Chloridobismutates(III) Tl3BiCl6 and TlBi2Cl7.
Authors: Beck Johannes , Benz Sebastian
Published: July 2010

Tl3BiCl6 (I) is prepared by heating a mixture of TlCl and BiCl3 in a molar ratio of 3:1 to 480 °C for 10 h followed by slow cooling.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of trans‐Cycloalkane‐1,2‐diols via Steglich Esterification.
Authors: Hrdina Radim , Mueller Christian E. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: July 2010

A chiral tetrapeptide is successfully applied as catalyst for the kinetic resolution of diols (I) by enantioselective Steglich esterification.
ChemInform Abstract: C1‐Symmetric Aminosulfoximes in Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Frings Marcus , Atodiresei Iuliana , Wang Yutian , Runsink Jan , Raabe Gerhard , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2010

The reaction of a variety of cyclic dienol silanes with ketonic electrophiles affords δ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unique Scaffolds via Diels—Alder Cycloadditions of Tetrasubstituted Cyclohexadienes.
Authors: Jones Amanda L. , Snyder John K.
Published: July 2010

The unactivated, highly substituted cyclohexadienes (III), (IX), and (XIV) smoothly undergo Diels—Alder reaction with various heterodienophiles to afford novel bridged products like (IV), (VII), (VIII), (X), (XII), (XIII), (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Alcohols to Corresponding Aldehydes or Ketones Using 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy and Potassium Peroxodisulfate.
Authors: Zhu Chenjie , Li Lei , Wei Yunyang
Published: July 2010

Primary alcohols are oxidized selectively in the presence of secondary ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of a New Fluorous‐Tagged Ammonia Equivalent.
Authors: Nielsne Simon D. , Smith Garrick , Begtrup Mikael , Kristensen Jesper L.
Published: July 2010

The scope of the fluorous N—O linker is exemplified by the synthesis of itopride (XXVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Multiple C—H Bond Arylation Reaction of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by Cationic Palladium Complex Bearing 1,10‐Phenanthroline.
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Yamaguchi Eiji , Murai Toshiaki
Published: July 2010

A cationic Pd‐complex is found to catalyze direct C‐H arylation reactions of heteroarenes with aryl iodides (II) to give mono‐, di‐, or triarylated products selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution via Aromatic Cation Activation of Carboxylic Acids: Rapid Generation of Acid Chlorides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hardee David J. , Kovalchuke Lyudmila , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: July 2010

A rapid and mild method for the conversion of carboxylic acids to amides via the intermediacy of acid chlorides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regeneration of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds from the Corresponding Oximes Using Tetrapyridine Silver(II) Peroxydisulfate in Acetonitrile and Aqueous Media.
Authors: Hakimi Mohammad , Feizi Noorallah , Hassani Hassan , Vahedi Hooshang , Thomas P. S.
Published: July 2010

Oximes are transformed to the corresponding carbonyl compounds by tetrapyridine silver(II) peroxydisulfate in acetonitrile or water.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct, One‐Pot Sequential Reductive Alkylation of Lactams/Amides with Grignard and Organolithium Reagents Through Lactam/Amide Activation.
Authors: Xiao Kai‐Jiong , Luo Jie‐Min , Ye Ke‐Yin , Wang Yu , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: July 2010

The title reaction provides a highly efficient and general method to prepare cyclic and acyclic tertiary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective ProPhenol‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Diynes to Aldehydes to Generate Synthetically Versatile Building Blocks and Diyne Natural Products.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Chan Vincent S. , Yamamoto Daisuke
Published: July 2010

Additionally, the method allows the rapid total syntheses of several biologically important diynol‐containing natural products like panaxytriol (X), diacetylene (XII)(a falcarindiol analogue isolated from Cussonia zimmermannii with antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity) and strongylodiol A (XIIIa) and B (XIIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Aromatic Alcohols with Low‐Cost and Easily Available Acid Resins as Racemization Catalysts.
Authors: Cheng Yongmei , Xu Gang , Wu Jianping , Zhang Chensheng , Yang Lirong
Published: July 2010

A combination of Novozym435 with an acidic polystyrene resin CD8604 affords a new and efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of acetophenones to give the corresponding benzylic alcohols with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Carbonyl (Hydroxymethyl)allylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level: Allyl Carbonates as Allylmetal Surrogates.
Authors: Zhang Yong Jian , Yang Jin Haek , Kim Sang Hoon , Krische Michael J.
Published: July 2010

The first enantioselective carbonyl (hydroxymethyl)allylation in the presence of aromatic, allylic, or aliphatic alcohols (II) is reported employing an (S)‐SEGPHOS‐modified iridium C,O‐benzoate complex to provide products (III) in good isolated yields, good anti‐diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyanohydrin Formation from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Manganese Schiff Base Complexes.
Authors: Qu Yanyang , Jing Linhai , Wu Zhiqing , Wu Di , Zhou Xiangge
Published: July 2010

The complex generated form Mn(O‐Ac)2 and the ligand (SAL) is found to be an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric coupling of aromatic aldehydes with sodium cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Aziridines with Tetranitromethane in the Presence of Triethylamine. Efficient Synthesis of β‐Tosylamino Nitrates.
Authors: Volkova Yuliya A. , Averina Elena B. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: July 2010

Tetranitromethane is used as an oxidant and source of the nitro group.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Allylic Alcohols by Three‐Component Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfone, Dialkylzinc and Aldehyde.
Authors: Xie Meihua , Lin Gaofeng , Zhang Jinhua , Li Ming , Feng Chengyou
Published: July 2010

Acetylenic sulfones (I) undergo a CuI‐catalyzed carbozincation reaction with dimethyl‐ or diethylzinc to give alkenylzinc intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thiocarbonyl “S” Is Softer than Thiolate “S”: A Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Isothiocyanates in Water.
Authors: Jamir Latonglila , Ali Abdur Rezzak , Ghosh Harisadhan , Chipem Francis A. S. , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: July 2010

Reaction of triethylammonium aryldithiocarbamates (I) with methyl acrylate in water affords the corresponding isothiocyanates (II) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorene and Indenofluorene Compounds: Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Cyclization.
Authors: Liu Tao‐Ping , Xing Chun‐Hui , Hu Qiao‐Sheng
Published: July 2010

An efficient and widely applicable method to prepare fluorene and indenofluorene derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐5‐hydroxybenzofurans via Copper(II) Triflate Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Unactivated 1,4‐Benzoquinones with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Susanti Dewi , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: July 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the completely regioselective preparation of the synthetically important polysubstituted benzofuran skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofuran Chains: Monomer to Tetramer.
Authors: Suk Jae‐Min , Jeong Kyu‐Sung
Published: July 2010

The monomeric (VIII) and dimeric (XI) benzofuran scaffolds can be used as molecular building blocks for the construction of new aryl stand foldamers capable of folding into helical conformation by cation binding.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Sulfuric Acid (SSA) as a Solid Acid Heterogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles under Solvent‐Free Conditions at Room Temperature.
Authors: Veisi Hojat
Published: July 2010

Reaction of γ‐diketones (I) with hydrazide (II) under elevated temperature affords the sulfonamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbon Dioxide Incorporation into Bispropargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yoshida Shunsuke , Fukui Kosuke , Kikuchi Satoshi , Yamada Tohru
Published: July 2010

Silver acetate in combination with optically active Schiff base PCA catalyzes the title reaction to give optically active cyclic carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolidines and 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from N‐Tosylimines Using Rh(II) Catalyst in Acetone.
Authors: Kim Nam‐Sun , Kang Se‐Youn , Lee Seung‐Han
Published: July 2010

1,3‐Oxazolidines or 1,2‐amino alcohols are synthesized in moderate to good yield by Rh(II)‐catalyzed reactions of N‐tosylimines (I) with diazoacetate in dry acetone or aqueous acetone, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing Quinoline‐2,3‐dicarboxylates from Products of Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in 3‐Fluoronitroarenes.
Authors: Kotovskaya S. K. , Zhumabaeva G. A. , Charushin V. N. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2010

Reaction of 3‐fluoro‐6‐phenylsulfonylmethylnitrobenzenes (I) with fumarate or maleate provides access to previously unaccessible fluorine‐substituted quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem N‐Allylation/[3,3]‐sigmatropic Shift Route to the Synthesis of Allyl Ethers of Dihydropyrimidines.
Authors: Rasheeth A. , Yogeswari G , Huq C. A. M. A.
Published: July 2010

The formation of unexpected (thio)allyl ethers can be rationalized as a result of tandem N‐allylation/[3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of dihydropyrimidines (IV).