bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between CFD simulation and affinity laws and analysis of the degree of reaction.
Authors: Rosa Henrique Marcio Pereira , Brito Rogério Fernandes , Tibiriça Álvaro Messias Bigonha , Campos Júlio Cesar Costa , Chohfi Felipe Moreton
Published: February 2024

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a modern technology used to study fluid flow. Experimental methods for predicting the turbomachinery performance involve greater time consumption and financial resources compared to the CFD approach. For the centrifugal pump the impeller is the main component, as it transfers energy to the fluid. The pump flow rate and the total head are directly associated with the impeller rotation speed. The purpose of this paper is to present the analysis and comparison of numerical simulation results using Computational Fluid Dynamics of a centrifugal pump impeller under three different rotation speeds: 3500 rpm (nominal), 3100 rpm and 2700 rpm. The software used was ANSYS-CFX®, the turbulence model adopted was the Shear Stress Transport (SST). Eight operating points were simulated for each rotation. The simulation provided the characteristic curves, pressure distribution, and total and static pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the impeller. The degree of reaction was calculated. The results were compared by application of affinity laws, and showed agreement with them. The results also showed that the degree of reaction increased with increasing flow rate, and it was coherent with the backward curved blade impeller. The simulations show that the energy portions that make up the total energy transferred by the impeller agree with the affinity laws.
Investigation of Polylactic Acid 3D Printed Hollow and Thin-Walled Structures through Topology and Mechanical Properties Optimization Using Integration of Taguchi Method and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Abdul Rauf Nur Aliya Azzahra , binti Mehat Nik Mizamzul , Kamaruddin Shahrul
Published: February 2024

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a spectrum of techniques that enables the fabrication of objects from diverse materials, layer-by-layer, and directly from a CAD file. With the advancement of technology, the procedure has grown more adaptable and swifter. In this study, the mechanical performance and topology optimization of the polylactic acid (PLA) 3D printed hollow and thin-walled structures produced by FDM was investigated via integration of Taguchi method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Eleven factors namely topology design (square), wall thickness (1 mm), layer height (0.3 mm), infill density (20%), infill layer thickness (0.6 mm), infill flow (80%), infill pattern (Octet), print speed (80 mm/s), printing temperature (210°C), bed temperature (65°C), and orientation direction (flat along the y-axis) were identified as the optimal factors for the 3D printed part. The integration approach concurrently solves the problem in particular for numerous quality criteria, especially in 3D printing. Integrating the Taguchi method with PCA can help to improve the quality of the final product or process, and enhance the understanding of the underlying relationships between variables.
PAN/PVP/CD-MOF Composite Beads for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red in Water
Authors: Lopez Edgar Clyde R. , Perez Jem Valerie D.
Published: February 2024

Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) are synthesized from green precursors, making them an ideal material for green adsorbents. However, CD-MOFs are unstable in water, thus limiting their applications. Here, we report encapsulating CD-MOFs in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymeric support to produce PAN/PVP/CD-MOF composite beads. Batch adsorption studies showed that high dye adsorption capacities could be obtained at intermediate PVP, high PAN, and low CD-MOF loadings. Maximum MB and CR sorption capacities under optimum bead formulation: PAN = 6.96 wt.%, PVP = 2.20 wt.%, and CD-MOF = 2.88 wt.%. The optimized composite beads have a sorption capacity of 37.40 mg/g for MB and 18.42 mg/g for CR. We showed that PAN/PVP/CD-MOF composite beads could be an excellent adsorbent for textile dye removal in water.
Optimization of Chitosan - MIL-101(Fe) - Polyethyleneimine MOF-Based Composite Beads for Methyl Orange Removal
Authors: Saporsantos Nathaniel , Dela Cruz Isaac Jerome C. , Perez Jem Valerie D.
Published: February 2024

Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-based composite beads consisting of MIL-101(Fe), Chitosan (CS), and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) were synthesized. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the synthesis conditions of the beads to maximize Methyl Orange (MO) removal via batch adsorption experiments. Using an experimental design with three independent variables MIL-101(Fe) (500-1500 ppm), PEI (1-2%), GLA (0.5-2.5%), a second-order polynomial model was obtained to relate MO removal and these variables. A high R2 (0.9944) and F-value (176.97) suggested good agreement between experimental data and the model. The optimum beads were found to consist of 500 ppm MIL-101 (Fe), 1.44% PEI, crosslinked in 2.11% GLA corresponding to a percent MO removal of 95.75%. Validation experiments done by subjecting the optimized beads to batch adsorption of MO confirmed good predicting capability of the model with an experimental MO removal of 96.20%. Characterization of the beads was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The beads were found to contain multiple functional groups and have a coarse surface with a porous structure which are ideal attributes for good adsorbents.the beads was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The beads were found to contain multiple functional groups and have a coarse surface with a porous structure which are ideal attributes for good adsorbents.
Micromechanical Analysis of GFRP Composite with Micro-Level Defects
Authors: Chinthamaneni Ramya , Chavan Saikeerthi , Vallabhaneni Balakrishna Murthy
Published: February 2024

Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are subjected to micro-level defects such as fiber-matrix debond and/or matrix cracks after a period of their service due to the increasing brittleness of matrix material. Prediction of the degraded elastic properties of a lamina through micromechanical studies by incorporating micro-level defects gives an idea of the health condition of such structures. Due to the limitations of classical mathematical approaches in solving complex structures, numerical mathematical methods like the finite element method (FEM) can be employed. The present investigation deals with the micromechanical analysis of Glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite with micro-level defects to predict some of the elastic properties. The composite is idealized as an array of square unit cells, and the micromechanical behavior of one such unit cell is simulated in ANSYS software using the three-dimensional finite element method to predict Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios in principal material directions. The converged finite element solution for longitudinal modulus is validated by the rule of mixtures and the other properties using the Maxwell–Betti reciprocal theorem. Variations of Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios due to an incremental internal failure of composite such as low-level, medium-level, and high-level defects at an expected range of fiber volume fractions (50% - 60%) are evaluated and estimated the percentage degradation with respect to a corresponding defect-free composite.
Exploring the connection between hidradenitis suppurativa and erythema nodosum: a case report
Authors: Hanson Mitchell , Maloney McKenzie E. , Kuchnir Louis
Published: February 2024

Background: Erythema nodosum (EN) is inflammation of subcutaneous fat. Etiologies include autoimmune diseases, drugs, infections, pregnancy, malignancy, and idiopathic origins. Case: A 37- year-old female with a history of recurrent cellulitis and type II diabetes presented with worsening swollen lumps on upper extremities for four months during a Hurley Stage III hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) flare. Exam revealed multiple erythematous pustules and warm indurated nodules over diffuse edema on the upper extremities. Lesions were refractory to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefalexin, clindamycin and levofloxacin. Routine blood labs, ESR, and ANA were unremarkable. EN was diagnosed. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, saturated solution potassium iodide (SSKI) and ibuprofen were prescribed. At three week follow-up, EN had completely resolved except for one lesion. Discussion: Literature review revealed one case of EN manifestation in association with HS but was complicated by Beçhet’s syndrome. We propose HS as an underlying cause of EN and SSKI an effective treatment for EN and HS.
Exploring the correlation of social networks, family support, health worker assistance, and health education using the precede-proceed model: impact on emotional responses in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Soleha Umdatus , Nurjanah Siti , Hanik Umi
Published: February 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has the potential to cause stress due to uncertainty about the course of the disease, treatment, and complications. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between the support of health workers, family support, social networks, and health education through the precede-proceed model approach to emotional responses. The type of research is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted at the Simo Mulyo Health Center in Surabaya, with data collected from June to July 2023. The independent variables, namely the support of health workers, family support, social networks, and health education, were measured using a questionnaire, while the dependent variable, emotional response, was measured using a questionnaire. The population in this study comprised all people with diabetesmellitus registered at the Simo Mulyo Health Center in Surabaya. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: patients with unstable blood sugar regulation, aged between 26 and 65 years, capable of reading, and willing to be respondents. The sample size in this study was 112 respondents, and the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Data analysis utilized the Spearman rho correlation test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings indicate that social network support and emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005) and r = 0.879. Health education is correlated with emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005) and r = 0.585. Health worker support is correlated with dealing with emotional responses, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005) and r = 0.786. Family support is correlated with emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005) and r = 0.738. Social network support, health education, family support, and health worker support correlate with the emotional response of people with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, health workers, families, and social networks can enhance support to improve the quality of the patient's emotional response, promoting patient enthusiasm for adhering to treatment and minimizing complications due to diabetes mellitus.
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of burn patients in Kurdistan Region: a one-decade large retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammed Saber Khalid Ibrahim , Abdulah Deldar Morad , Murad Nawzad Sulaiman , Mustafa Zuhair Rushdi
Published: February 2024

Globally, burns are the most devastating injuries, causing more than 120,000 deaths annually, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of burn patients. This retrospective study was conducted at the Duhok Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital between 2014 and 2023. The data collected included demographic characteristics of the patients, burn etiology, location of burn, degree of burn, and hospitalization duration. The study included 713 cases, with the majority (41.37%) in the 0-17 age group. Mortality increased with age, and housewives had the highest mortality rate (54.91%). Urban residents had a higher mortality rate (40.81%) than rural residents (28.80%). Winter and spring had higher rates of burn patients (31.84% and 29.17%). Most burns occurred at home (90.88%), with flame (70.97%) and scald (25.11%) as the primary causes. Hospitalizations were mostly 1-14 days (83.73%), and second and third-degree burns were common (47.27% and 50.07%). About 75.74% of patients suffered upper limb injuries. In 2023, there was a slightly higher burn rate (16.27%) compared to previous years.Burns were most frequently suffered by children, particularly during winter and spring at home. The primary causes were flame and scald injuries. Females were more prone to flame injuries, while males experienced a higher incidence of scald injuries. Among the affected groups, housewives had the highest mortality rate, and this elevated risk was linked to their advancing age.
Health researchers’ efforts in bridging evidence into policy and decision making in Malawi
Authors: Mapulanga Patrick
Published: February 2024

Background: Health research is typically disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and academic forums. However, evidence suggests limited exploration of alternative communication methods for effective knowledge dissemination.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the extent to which policymakers in Malawi consult health researchers while translating their knowledge. This study aimed to determine the post-research endeavours of Malawian health researchers to incorporate research findings into policy and decision making.Method: Conducted at Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), this cross-sectional study employed a 5-point Likert scale survey to collect data from researchers, offering a snapshot view without indicating temporal changes or causality.Results: Researchers rarely created suggestions, take-home messages, or actionable instructions for use by health officials. They seldom give users access to a searchable database of papers, studies, and syntheses that summarise recommendations for policymakers in the field of health. They seldom send reprints of papers from scientific publications to decision-makers. Few researchers have created summaries of articles or systematic reviews for health officials’ use.Conclusion: Traditional channels, such as journals and conferences, dominate the dissemination of health research. However, limited evidence suggests the need for broader communication strategies. The current landscape lacks effective products and methods, urging researchers to produce accessible formats with clear, key messages to address policy questions.Contribution: Researchers should develop research products in compelling formats by using clear key messages. The summarised evidence should answer important policy questions. Researchers should involve the media to communicate their research outputs.
Removing Coding and Inter Pixel Redundancy in Image Compression
Authors: S Anitha , J Kavitha
Published: February 2024

The digital image plays an important role in today’s digital world. Storing and transmitting digital images efficiently is a challenging job. There are lots of techniques for reducing the size of digital pictures. This paper adapts the following method. The digital technique is separated into high and low resolutions. The low intensity and high intensity pixels single-handedly is dense and decompressed using three diverse algorithms to hit upon out the occurrence of low down intensity pixels in the picture. Totally six algorithms are experienced by means of benchmark images and the most excellent scheme is selected for concluding compression. A Comparison is made between the results obtained using these techniques and those obtained using JPEG 2000.
Trends in Government Bursary Allocation and Students’ Access to Public Vocational Training Centres in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Nganyi Jason , Wafula Phyllys
Published: February 2024

The county governments have been spending a lot of money on public Vocational Training Centers (VTCs) trainees in form of bursary to promote equity in access and quality education. It is on this basis that the objective of this paper was to establish the trends in County Government Bursary (CGB) allocation and students’ access to public VTCs in Bungoma County for the period 2014 to 2019. Descriptive research design was adopted. The study was guided by socialist economy and the principle of demand and supply theories. The study used sample size of 48 managers and 358 VTCs trainees. The study used stratified proportionate sampling technique. Data was then collected using questionnaires and document analysis. A reliability of 0.75 was established through test-retest method. It was established that although the trends of the County Government Bursary allocation and access to Bungoma County VTCs fluctuated, there was steady rise in both variables. The study recommends diversification of courses and funding in VTC in line with the ever-changing technological world and market demand to promote increase in students’ access over the years.
Rethinking social protection policy for persons with disabilities in Ghana
Authors: Naami Augustina , Pumpuni Claudia Miakimeni , Mort Kingsley Saa-Touh , Ofori Alfred
Published: February 2024

Globally, social protection plays a pivotal role in poverty reduction and has been adopted to address the needs of vulnerable populations in society, including persons with disabilities. Social protection is an essential mechanism to achieve sustainable development. The United Nations’ Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals seek, among others, to ensure that state parties implement social protection which could prevent situations that adversely impact the well-being of their poor citizens. Poverty lingers in Ghana, despite interventions developed under the National Social Protection Policy. Disability is a social, economic, mental, and public health issue with over a billion of the world’s population living with some form of disability. Persons with disabilities are disproportionately poor because of challenges and barriers to their inclusion and full-effective participation in society. Guided by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sustainable Development Goals, we conducted a content analysis of the National Social Protection Policy of Ghana. Twin-track approach to social policy development, modification to existing social protection programmes and the inclusion of persons with disabilities in decision-making processes are among the recommendations to address the needs of persons with disabilities in Ghana.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Naami, A., Pumpuni, C. M., Mort, K. A. & Ofori, A. (2023). Rethinking social protection policy for persons with disabilities in Ghana.  African Journal of Social Work, 13(5), 254-264. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i5.4
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Leveraging Ubuntu values and principles as cultural strength to overcome mental health and emotional wellbeing issues
Authors: Kagola Frieda , Abur William
Published: February 2024

There is a need for African people living in Australia to consider leveraging Ubuntu values as a cultural strength to address mental health and emotional wellbeing issues.  for African people living in Australia. This paper is a systematic review research which employed key terms such as mental health, emotional wellbeing, African Australian, Young people. There were no participants involved, however the research articles that were reviewed in the study only focused on the African Australian community. Mental health issues among African Australian youth need to be better understood, as studies have shown they are at a higher risk for mental health, yet there has been insufficient research on the topic. In this study, most articles we employed highlighted that the extensive research on that reported migrants to be at ten times higher risk of experiencing mental health issues compared to the general population. Many studies carried out in the African Australian community have drawn more attention to the African Australian culture. This raises the need for research to be conducted on African Australian young people aged 15-29 years which is the Australian age range of a young person, to sensitize the African Australian community on mental health issues, and factors leading to young people's mental health problems in African Australian society. The aim of the study was to raise awareness about mental health issues facing the African, Australian young people and suggesting ways forward to support young people. The finding of the study demonstrates significance and values to address mental health issues in African-Australian Community groups. Research asserted that young immigrants are at greater risk of developing mental illness due to resettlement, cultural transition, and separation from extended family members. Young people lacking a secure base for emotional support from their families are more likely to face mental health issues in their lives. Mental health issues in the African context may not be categorized as a vast problem, but instead identified as life circumstances that every individual encounter. Since mental health subject is a taboo in the African culture, the study encouraged young people to pair up with other African youths to create awareness and advocate to access mental health services should need arise.  This study encourages young people and their families from African heritage to leverage Ubuntu values and principles as their cultural strengths in dealing with challenging issues such as mental health and emotional wellbeing issues.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Kagola F. & Abur W. (2023). Leverage Ubuntu values and principles as cultural strength to overcome mental health and emotional well-being issues. African Journal of Social Work, 13(6), 312-324. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i6.5
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Perceptions of the attributes of fish farming in floating cages on Lake Toho in southern Benin: the case of fishermen
Authors: Codjo V. , Ahouansou Montcho S. , Sossou C.H. , Hounkpatin P. , Honfoga B. , Biaou G. , Moncthowui H.E.
Published: February 2024

Fishing is an economic activity that generates significant added value, contributes to job creation and improved food and nutritional security. For several years however, it has been confronted for several years with a decline in halieutic resources in the face of which fish farming in floating cages constitutes an optimal management solution. The objective of this article is to analyze the perceptions of the attributes of fish farming in floating cages by fishermen. The study involved a random selection of 210 fishermen from the three municipalities (Lokossa, Houéyogbé and Athiémé) of Toho lake. Analyzes of variance and correlation followed by principal component analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there are three groups of fishers with different perceptions of floating cage fish farming. Fishers who perceived fish farming in floating cages as a form of fish farming that is efficient and very demanding but less suitable in the long term represent the first group. For the second group of fishermen, there are markets for the sale and sale of fish reared in floating cages, but there is difficulty in finding inputs (provend, veterinary products and antibiotics) of fish in floating cages. The third group perceived that fish farming in floating cages is a very flexible, rigid and efficient activity compared to other fish farming techniques. According to this study, it is important that the Government of Benin take into account the perceptions of fishermen before installing floating cages on Lake Toho.
Awareness, perception and constraints to consumption of pro-vitamin a cassava foods among women of reproductive age in Ikire, Nigeria
Authors: Ariyo O. , Oladejo E.O. , Atojoko M.A.
Published: February 2024

Pro-vitamin A cassava was introduced to Nigeria since 2011; however, the consumption remains low. Increased consumption of pro-vitamin A cassava foods can complement other vitamin A deficiency control initiatives. The study was designed to assess the awareness, perception and constraints to consumption of provitamin A cassava foods among women of reproductive age in rural and urban areas of Ikire, Nigeria. The cross-sectional study involved 200 women aged 15-49 years (100 each), selected using a three- stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire including awareness, perception, and constraints to biofortified cassava products consumption. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and Chi square test at p < 0.05. Age of respondents was 31.50±9.30 years and 27.00±9.80 years among rural and urban respondents, respectively. More respondents from rural (22%) than urban areas (2%) had no formal education. More respondents from urban than rural had ever heard (55%; 53%), seen (49%; 43%), tasted (40%; 29%), were aware of the benefits (36%; 9%), and had ever consumed  (20%; 16%) biofortified cassava foods, respectively. Acceptability of colour (29%; 24%), taste (27%; 20%), aroma/flavour (26%; 20%), and texture (26%; 18%) was higher in rural than urban areas, respectively. Only 12% and 2% of urban and rural respondents considered pro-vitamin A cassava foods affordable. Rural/urban variation exists in awareness and perception of pro-vitamin A cassava foods, however, knowledge of their benefits and perceived affordability remain major constraints in both areas. A multi-faceted approach to promote nutrition education and policy support for increased affordability are recommended.
Shelling and characterisation of the technical parameters of a shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) shelling machine in Cameroon
Authors: Noubissi G. , Djousse B.M.K. , Tangka K.J. , Tchinda R. , Tchoffo M.
Published: February 2024

Producers of shea kernels encounter difficulties in processing the nuts. This leads to greater losses of raw material and a reduction in the yield of shea butter, as processing is generally done manually by smallholders, who produce more shea kernels in local areas. Added to this is the arduous work involved in shelling, due to the lack of a shelling machine adapted to their level of production. This study was, therefore, carried out to improve local shea butter production capacity. The huller was designed using data on the physical, gravimetric, geometric and frictional properties of shea nuts, before being built and tested. The hopper has an angle of inclination of 62.64°, a concave clearance of 3.6 cm and a winnowing air flow rate of 0.53 m3/s. The machine has an hourly capacity of 136 kg/h. The performance test showed that moisture content had a significant influence on hulling efficiency, cracking rate and machine output. The best cracking rate of 3.68±0.74% was obtained with a moisture content of 10.24%. The hulling efficiency obtained with the abovecontent is 92.43±1.05%, a cleaning efficiency of 78.30±0.55% and a machine yield of 88.83±0.38%. Water contents of < 10.24% are ideal for better shelling efficiency.
The Contribution of Climate-Smart Agriculture to Reducing Climate-Related Risks to Rain-Fed Maize Production: Insights from Tanzania’s Semi-Arid and Sub-Humid Regions
Authors: Msongaleli Barnabas
Published: February 2024

Adaptation responses of rain-fed smallholder farming systems to climate change and variability have become more unpredictable. Semi-arid and sub-humid regions are most affected by knowledge gaps on climate change adaptation strategies. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices are crucial because they ensure predictable and effective adaptation responses that reduce crop failures. To determine potential new strategies for farm-level climate change adaptation, this study examined the implications of three CSA practices on rain-fed maize production: crop diversification, intercropping, and planting date adjustment. Plot-level data were obtained from the Tanzania National Panel Survey (TNPS) throughout waves 1 (2008/2009) and 2 (2010/2011). The consistency of the adaptation responses was evaluated using test-retest reliability. The findings showed that intercropping and splitting plots to plant crops other than maize was an analogue for crop diversification and reduced variability of maize grain yields. The panel linear regression model revealed that the yields of maize grains were positively correlated with intercropping and crop diversification (plot division). Moreover, the results of the meta-analysis showed that intercropping, crop diversification, and planting date adjustments could greatly increase smallholder rain-fed maize farmers’ resistance to the effects of climate variability and change. The government and non-governmentalorganizations should be encouraged to provide funding for agricultural extension education, which is a major factor in the implementation of CSA techniques.
Exploring the Nature of Road Safety Education in Basic Schools and School Children’s Travel Mode Options in Winneba, Ghana
Authors: Odame Prince Kwame , Sam Enoch F. , Fiangor Anthony
Published: February 2024

Road safety education among school children is a critical issue that needs to be addressed as African countries record more road traffic-related deaths and disabilities. Despite efforts to increase road safety education across various mediums, basic schools in Ghana have received little of such attention despite their role in socialisation. This study explored the nature of road safety education and school children’s travel mode opinions in Winneba. The study adopted a quantitative research approach which sampled 400 school children within Class 4 to 9 (Junior High 3) from 5 basic schools. Questionnaires were filled after class hours after receiving approval from school heads. Jamovi was used to analyse the data and presented using frequency, cross-tabulation and chi-square test of independence. The study found that walking constitutes a major travel option for children in Winneba as this mode comes at no cost. Even though schools constituted a primary source of knowledge, road safety education was not assigned to a dedicated subject teacher(s) and was seldom taught in school. The study found a significant relationship between the impact of road safety education and school children’s frequently used travel mode option. The study recommends efforts to dedicate road safety lessons to subjects like Social Studies and Our World Our People since such subject’s touch on Ghanaians’ daily living situations.
The Challenges of Deforestation and Management in Nigeria: Suggestions for Improvement
Authors: Ahmed Yusuf Alapata , Olaitan Razaq Abolaji
Published: February 2024

This paper appraises the dangers posed to forests regions in Nigeria resulting from deforestation impacts. The country is deprived with socio-economic and environmental benefits due to the over exploitation of forests and land cover. Nigeria is losing steadily economic opulence, leaving her with hazard from erosion, flooding and desertification culminating into climate change. Like some tropical world regions, many people illegally engaged in export of log/wood, and get solace in unlawful taxes and illegitimate royaltieswhich fetch them personal income from this repulsive job. This work employs a classical review in examining the challenges and poor management facing the economic forest regions in Nigeria. The main goal is centred on the pressures on the forest population leading to a number of causes like; urbanization, overpopulation and over expansion of agricultural lands. The work suggests that, the stakeholders and governments need to establish some laws and regulations that can check the indiscriminate felling of trees and degrading of the environment in Nigeria. Government is also advised to find alternative means of power generation and introduce modern farming techniques for the populace. The public enlightenment campaign is also imperative for citizenry in order to forestall dangers posed by un-restrained deforestation.
Analysis of Households’ Water Access and Consumption in Differential Urban Neighbourhoods of Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Adedotun Samuel Babatunde , Ogundahunsi Dele Sunday , Ibrahim Rafiu Babatunde , Adedotun David Oluwatoyin , Yakubu Deborah Ayodele
Published: February 2024

The study focused on scrutinizing the sources and consumption patterns of domestic water supply in Osogbo, with an emphasis on households' socio-economic characteristics. Data were collected from three deliberately chosen residential neighborhoods representing low, medium, and high-density areas, with a cumulative population of 134,159 and an estimated 26,829 households. Employing a multistage sampling technique, 25% of streets in each neighborhood were randomly selected, and systematic sampling was utilized to distribute 268 structured questionnaires (1% of households) to gather information. Descriptive analyses, such as means and percentages, were employed to scrutinize socio-economic characteristics and water consumption patterns. The study also utilized inferential statistics, specifically Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), to assess the impact of residential densities and water sources on water consumption volume. Results highlighted hand-dug wells (46%), public taps (22.4%), and boreholes (15.7%) as thepredominant water sources. MANOVA revealed a statistically significant influence of residential densities and water sources on water consumption volume (p=0.049). In low-density areas, households consumed an average of 960 liters per day, compared to 735 and 517.5 liters in medium- and high-density areas, respectively. Across Osogbo, the average household consumed 664.7 liters daily. Correlation analysis indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between resident population and water consumption (p<0.05). The study concluded by emphasizing the pivotal roles of government, communities, NGOs, and individuals in addressing water provision challenges in the area.
Memory impairment effect of Cannabidiol Oil and Prednisolone Treatment: Alteration of Neuro-oxidant markers and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Hippocampus of Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Mobisson Samuel Kelechi , Wopara Iheanyichukwu , Onyebuagu Peter Chukwuma , Woha James Boohondah , Okwakpam Felicia N. , Madu Emmanuel Chibuikem , Ibe Fidelis Udochukwu , Monye Justin Bonaparte , Abaka OtoAbasi Sunday , Obembe Agona Odeh , Nwafor Arthur Chuemere
Published: February 2024

Background: There have been conflicting reports on the effect of Cannabis products on learning and memory. Hence this study  investigated CBD oil's and prednisolone treatment's cognitive impact on cadmium-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Forty  rats weighing between 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (1-8) of five animals each. Group A control, Group B-H received 1mg/kg body weight prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg Cadmium; 1mg/kg pred+0.2mg/kg CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg CBDoil+2mg/kg cadmium; 3mg/kg  pred+2mg/kg cadmium; 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil and 0.2mg/kg CBD-oil respectively. The administration was done using gavage for 14 days. A  T-maze test apparatus was used to determine the latency of object recognition before and after administration.

Results: There was a  significant decrease in latency of object recognition in prednisolone, cadmium, and 0.2mg/kg CBD-oil treated groups than control after  administration. Calcium ion significantly (P<0.05) increased in the cadmium+ 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil treated group and decreased in the  pred+CBD-oil group compared to the control. Acetylcholinesterase significantly (P<0.05) increased in prednisolone, pred+cadmium, and  0.2mg/kg CBD-oil treated groups and decreased in cadmium, pred.+CBD-oil, cadmium+CBD-oil, and 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil treated groups  compared to control. Catalase significantly increased in pred+cadmium, 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil, and 0.2mg/kg CBD-oil treated groups  compared to control. SOD significantly decreased in the treatment groups than the control. Malondialdehyde significantly increased in  cadmium, pred+CBD-oil, cadmium+CBD-oil, 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil, and 0.2mg/kg CBD-oil than control. Glutathione peroxidase significantly  decreased in treated groups compared to control. Reduced glutathione significantly decreased across treated groups than the control.  Histology of the hippocampus revealed visible pathologic changes in pred+cadmium, 0.1mg/kg CBD-oil, and 0.2mg/kg CBD-oil treated  groups with cellular vacuolization, Perivascular leucocyte infiltration, and pycnotic nuclei, indicating slight inflammation and detrimental  effects of the treatment in the histoarchitecture of the hippocampus.

Conclusions: CBD oil, prednisolone, and cadmium administration at  different doses induced biochemical alterations, and exacerbated cognitive and neurobehavioral decline by enhancing oxidative  stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and alteration in the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus
From Being Literate about Health to Becoming Capable of Achieving Health: Health literacy capabilities of Zimbabwean school youth
Authors: Micklesson Martin , Usai Tecklah , Chinofunga Dorothy , Oljans Emma
Published: February 2024

Food security is an enduring sustainability challenge in the Southern African region. Food availability, accessibility and affordability have profound health impacts and affect the quality of life of a substantial proportion of the world’s population. This article aims to explore, together with students in educational settings, questions about the relationships between food and health, including the contextual conditions of food availability, accessibility and affordability. This provides opportunities to re-embody food by contextualising it as part of natural and built environments, thus engaging with how challenges of human health intersect with animal and environmental health. The research centres on co-creating knowledge with youth based on their valued beings and doings about health and considers how their health goals relate to food and the sustainability challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). By considering how youths’ understandings, evaluations and decisions regarding health, including setting health goals, intersect with the determinants of food, we come to consider their health literacy capabilities to achieve nonpredetermined health goals that align with their valued beings and doings. As such, the implementation gap between knowing and doing is bridged through practices of health and well-being contextually grounded in the lives and experiences of the student youth.

Keywords: health literacy, health education, capabilities approach, antimicrobial resistance, knowledge co-creation
Towards an Understanding of Eco-Justice and its Related Principles and Interventions that can Advance Environmental Justice
Authors: Chandramohan Sandhya , Bhagwan Raisuyah
Published: February 2024

Deep ecology considers the ecosystem as a living whole with humanity only one part of this whole (O’Donnell, 2015). There is growing concern regarding environmental problems that are challenging human and environmental well-being. Current social, health and environmental damage warrants the consideration of eco-justice as a paradigm that can potentially advance environmental preservation. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, with Health Science academics and students at a University of Technology in KwaZulu-Natal, this study sought to inquire how they understand eco-justice, the principles underpinning ecojustice and what eco-justice projects could be initiated amongst tertiary students to preserve the environment. Eco-justice was found to relate to the need to care for and preserve ecosystems, by reducing over consumption and the overuse of natural resources. Of significance was that participants supported the need for projects related to cleaning the oceans, planting trees and crops and recycling to advance the eco-justice mandate.
Keywords: eco-justice, academics, students, health, South Africa
Prevalence and risk factors of canine dirofilariasis in Kano metropolis, Kano State Nigeria
Authors: Abba I.A. , Kabir J. , Kabir L.
Published: February 2024

Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis causes heartworm disease and invasive human filariasis. This study  determined the prevalence and risk factors for the acquisition of canine dirofilariasis in dogs in Kano metropolis, Kano state, Nigeria.  Blood samples were collected from 170 dogs of 6 months and above in Kano metropolis and tested by the Modified Knott’s technique for  circulating microfilaria, an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in order to detect the presence of filarial antigens of D. immitis as  evidence of occult infection. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was administered to each of the dog owner to obtain demographic,  management and environmental information associated with each dog sampled. Test for association and hypothesized factors was  determined and the its strength was tested using a binary logistic regression. Out of the 170 dogs tested, 17 (10.00%) were positive for D.  immitis infection with the Modified Knott’s technique. However, after subjecting the samples for antigen detection by ELISA tests 23  (13.53%) were positive for D. immitis antigen, giving a sero-prevalence of 13.50%. There was agreement between the two tests on the 17  microfilaria positive samples. Majority of the infected dogs were males (56.5%), aged 24-47 months (43.50%) and of local breed (65.2%).  There was significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between D. immitis infection and dogs usage, breed and dogs with stagnant water (gutters)  close to their houses (OR= (9.714; 95% CI (1.179-80.024)), OR=5.33; 95% CI (1.349-21.079), OR= 5.775; 95% CI (0.697- 47.832),respectively.  The study established that D. immitis infection is prevalent (13.53%) in household dogs indicating the possibility of zoonotic transmission  in Kano metropolis. This demands for intensified vector control and good dog management practices to reduce dog to dog and dog to   human transmission.
Parasitism and rumen impaction in a 5-month–old Yankasa ewe: A clinico-pathological report
Authors: Sani N.A. , Mobolaji A.A. , Abalaka S.E. , Tenuche O.Z. , Adeiza M.A. , Ejiofor C.E. , Lawal R.J. , Kolawole V.O. , Olayemi O.D.
Published: February 2024

We report concurrent acariosis, helminthosis and foreign body rumen impaction of multiple aetiologies in a 5-month-old Yankasa ewe  from a multispecies flock on semiintensive management system. The clinical findings were tachycardia, hypothermia, bradypnea,  diarrhoea, emaciation, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and heavy tick infestation attached to the skin of the forelimb, hind limb,  inguinal region, and the ears. Severe non-regenerative anaemia, marked neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia characterized the blood  picture. The ewe was treated for endo and ectoparasites, along with fluid therapy. However, the ewe died in the course of treatment and  the carcass was subsequently presented for necropsy. Gross findings included the presence of numerous ticks attached to the skin of the  outer ears and interdigits, indigestible foreign materials in the rumen and numerous worms in the rumen, abomasum and the intestine.  Laboratory analysis revealed that the ticks were Rhipicephalus sp. and Amblyomma sp. The rumen worms were identified as  Paramphistomum sp., the worms from the abomasum were identified as Haemonchus contortus, and those of the intestine were  identified as Moniezia expansa. Histopathologically, there was hypertrophy of the chief cells of the abomasum. There was a section of  Haemonchus contortus surrounded by eosinophils within the mucosa of the abomasum. The villi of the intestine sloughed-off into the  lumen. Based on the clinicopathological findings, the diagnoses of acariosis, helminthosis and foreign body rumen impaction were  arrived at. The remaining animals in the herd were treated accordingly and the farmer was advised to ensure good farm management  practices.
Rectal temperature and body surface temperature rhythm in Red Sokoto goats infected with Trypanosoma evansi during the rainy season
Authors: Adeiza A.A. , Umar Y.A. , Vantsawa P.A.
Published: February 2024

There are limited studies on circadian rhythmicity in farm animals affected by protozoan diseases. The rectal temperature (RT) and body  surface temperature (BST) rhythmic patterns in experimental Trypanosoma evansi-infected Red Sokoto goats (T. evansiinfected RSG) July  – September were evaluated. Five goats were assigned to each experimental group, with group I as the negative control (CRSG), while  animals in group II were individually infected with about 2.0x106 /2ml T. evansi-inoculum. Temperature reaction patterns were monitored  by digital clinical and infrared thermometry. The RT and BST of goats, the ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity  (RH) inside the pen were measured at 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours (GMT+1) three times a week for 12 weeks. The AT had maximum,  minimum and mean values of 27.0°C, 24.2°C and 25.6±0.26°C, respectively, while RH had maximum, minimum and mean values of 94.5%, 53.6% and 80.5±11.5%, respectively. Results obtained, via the application of a single Cosinor procedure showed that the RT and BST  exhibited daily rhythmicity in both groups with the pattern distorted in T. evansi-infected RSG which showed an ascent from the 5th to  the 10th week. The rhythmic characteristic of RT of the T. evansi-infected RSG showed that the mesor and amplitude were higher (p˂0.05)  than those recorded for CRSG. Both groups showed no difference (p˃0.05) in acrophase. The eye region in both groups showed  the highest BST, while the coronary band had the lowest. The result, for the first time, reported rhythmicity of RT and BST in T. evansi- infected goats under tropical conditions. The results obtained from our study may be useful for the early screening, diagnosis, treatment  and prevention of protozoan diseases.
Gross and histological studies of the female reproductive tract of the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis)
Authors: Majama Y.B. , Wulgo A.M. , Asuku S.O. , Mustapha A.U.
Published: February 2024

The extinction of most wild avian species is becoming apprehensive and some water fowls like the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus  gambensis) may represent a good model for research, to advance wildlife conservation of related avian species. Currently, there are no  baseline information regarding the anatomic characteristics of the reproductive tract of this species, hence; the present study aimed at  investigating the gross and histological features of the ovary and oviduct of the wild spur-winged goose. A total of five female adults  spur-winged geese with ages between eight to ten months old were used for this study. The bird were purchased from a farm and  transported to the Laboratory for quick decapitation and tissue processing. The birds were allowed to acclimatized for seven days, before  humanely sacrificed by quick cervical dislocation and reproductive organs (ovary and oviduct) were harvested for both gross and  histological evaluations. Thereafter, the ovary and oviduct were fixed, and stained with H & E for light microscopic evaluation using DB2  -180M Digital Biological Microscope at different magnifications (×40, ×100, and ×400). The gross finding on the ovary revealed that it is ovoid in shape and appeared as a cluster of sacs showing yellowish to whitish follicles of different sizes and have a poorly defined  oviductal segment. The oviduct appeared to be the longest part of the female reproductive tract (12.5-14.5cm). Histologically, the ovary is  characterized by a membrana granulosa surrounding the oocytes at various stages of development. Also, the oviduct is by simple  cuboidal to columnar ciliated secretory epithelium, and connects the ovary to the cloaca as a thin and un-convoluted tube. In conclusion,  this study provided valuable information to serve as a baseline model to further research and understand the reproductive anatomy of  other related domestic and wild waterfowl species.