bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Strategies of Non-equivalence in English-Chinese Translation
Authors: Wang Ling
Published: December 2017

With the more and more deeper research in translation, non-equivalence has always been an important factor to influence the quality of passage. This paper will combine the existing translation theories to analyze the reasons causing the non-equivalence from the Chinese-English cultural levels. Then it lists five points of translation strategies with examples. At the end of thesis, the conclusion is drawn that there are absolute non- equivalence and relative equivalence. Only master the language styles and cultural background between English and Chinese and decline cultural differences, the translation will be done perfectly.
Gender-related Emotionality in EFL Students’ Classroom: An Experience Sampling Analysis
Authors: Chahkandi Fateme , Rasekh Abbass Eslami
Published: December 2017

This study addresses one of the neglected issues in second language acquisition (SLA) research namely emotionality in EFL students. Based on domain specificity dimension of social-cognitive model of emotions, this study aims to capture students’ ongoing and spontaneous emotions through experience sampling method. That is, it analyzed 96 forms which students completed at random times and upon receiving random signals in the EFL class. The forms were then analyzed based on the difference between females and males in the following areas: 1) EFL-related activities vs. non-EFL-related activities; 2) the frequency of different emotions; 3) the antecedents of students’ emotional states; 4) students’ use of emotion regulation strategies and the valence of emotions. The overall results indicated that females and males differed in significant ways in diverse facets of emotional experience. First, females outperformed in the amount of involvement in EFL-related tasks and thinking. Second, they reported experiencing the class emotionally different. Particularly, they experienced greater amount of anxiety and hope comparing to males. Third, they differed in the degree to which they attributed their emotions to teachers meaning that teachers have a more crucial role in emotional dispositions of female students. The implications were then discussed in the light of teachers’ responsibility in facilitating communication of emotion and creating positive emotional climate.
A nemzetközi hallgatói mobilitás területi irányai és akadályai a Miskolci Egyetemen
Authors: Bartha Zoltán , S. Gubik Andrea , Réthi Gábor
Published: December 2017

Magyarország 1998-ban kapcsolódott be az Erasmus-programba. 2012-re a kiutazó hallgatók aránya elérte az EU-átlagot, ezt követően azonban csökkenni kezdett, majd 2014-től kezdődően Magyarország nem tudta feltölteni az országnak járó pénzkeret alapján kalkulálható kiutazói keretszámot. Ráadásul a magyar felsőoktatási intézmények között jelentős eltérések vannak, így például a Miskolci Egyetemen különösen szembetűnő a hallgatói mobilitás iránti érdeklődés visszaesése. A cikk célja a Miskolci Egyetemen a csökkenő hallgatói érdeklődés okainak feltárása, a mobilitás akadályozó tényezőinek felderítése és javaslatok megfogalmazása a kedvezőtlen tendenciák megfordítása érdekében. Noha hallgatói kérdőív, valamint hallgatói és oktatói interjúk segítségével végzett vizsgálatunkat a Miskolci Egyetemen végeztük, eredményeink használhatók lehetnek minden magyar érdekelt számára.
The effects of international migration on the pension systems in Europe
Authors: Marinescu Daniela Elena , Manafi Ioana , Kiss Dorottya , Dabasi-Halász Zsuzsanna , Lipták Katalin
Published: December 2017

Ageing of populations in Europe is a well-known and ever-increasing process, so the pressure on pension systems becomes more and more acute in some European countries. International migration contributes to population dynamics in both origin and destination countries, easing or aggravating demographic problems. It is well known that in Europe the increase in migration flows is not enough to compensate for the population-ageing process and its negative consequences. Based on a data set of macroeconomic indicators for all EU member states and using panel data analysis, this article discusses the effects of some socio-economic indicators on the pension systems in selected European countries, the focus being on international migration. The current analysis is a follow-up on a previous approach that clusters the EU countries with respect to migration flows into EU/EFTA periphery-sending and centre-receiving countries. The central hypothesis in the paper is that the pension systems are affected by international migration (measured as the crude rate of net migration) and that a high level of emigration leads to a higher pressure on the pension system. The hypothesis was tested using panel data analysis for the period 2004–2013. The analysis was conducted for both the total sample and the two clusters (EU/EFTA centre-receiving countries and EU/EFTA periphery-sending countries), excluding Switzerland, Cyprus, and Iceland. The following indicators were selected for the state, society and economy sectors as they are the most relevant: average wage, adult education level, Gini Index, Human Development Index, urban population, median age, expenditure on pensions. The results showed that a higher ratio of immigrants leads to a decreased pressure on pension expenditure in centre-receiving countries, while for the periphery-sending countries, a great part of the emigrants consists of working people who leave their home countries and stop contributing to the pension system. The adult education level was found to have a similar effect on the expenditure on pensions in both clusters. The average wage had opposite effects for the two clusters: in the centre-receiving countries it has negative effects as a higher ratio of immigrants leads to a higher pressure on the labour market, whereas in the sending-periphery countries emigrants are mostly unemployed and, as a consequence, reduce the pressure on the labour market.
Vándorlási helyzetkép 2016-ban egy Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyei településről
Authors: Hegyi-Kéri Ágnes , Horváth Klaudia
Published: December 2017

A Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyei települések több mint egyharmada periferikus településnek minősül, sőt, más meghatározások szerint szinte mindegyik települést ide lehetne sorolni. Megvizsgáltuk, hogy a csekély munkaerőpiaci lehetőségekkel rendelkező településekről történik-e elvándorlás, az ott élők hogyan vélekednek a munkaerőpiacról, a külföldi munkavállalásról; a földrajzi mobilitás milyen irányú: országon, megyén belüli, vagy külföldre is költözik-e a lakosság. Azt is kutattuk, hogy a roma lakosság vándorlási aktivitása milyen szintű, eltér-e a többségi társadalomra jellemzőtől, vajon a vándorlással kapcsolatos attitűdök miben és mennyiben különböznek a roma és a nem roma lakosok esetében.Továbbá elemeztük a különböző korosztályok vándorlási motivációit, a szülők szerepet játszanak-e a fiatalok elvándorlásában egy periferikus térségben, vagyis azt, hogy érvényesül-e a család vándorlást erősítő hatása. A rendszerváltozást átélt szülők, akik a munkaerőpiaci lehetőségekről negatív tapasztalatot szereztek, arra biztatják-e gyermekeiket, hogy máshol lépjenek ki a munkaerőpiacra, máshol próbáljanak szerencsét? Arra is választ kívántunk kapni kutatásunkban, hogy az elvándorlás hogyan érinti a roma fiatalokat.Cikkünkben szekunder adatelemzést követően egy közel 1000 lakosú településen végzett reprezentatív (134 fő megkérdezésével történő) primer felmérés eredményét ismertetjük.
Az emigráns magyarok életkörülményei és -stratégiái a legfontosabb európai migrációs célországokban
Authors: Siskáné Szilasi Beáta , Halász Levente , Vadnai Péter
Published: December 2017

A magyarok emigrációja – 1989 óta nem tapasztalt dinamikus növekedésének, univerzális életstratégiává válásának köszönhetően – napjainkban a multi- és interdiszciplináris társadalomtudományi kutatások homlokterébe került. A Legújabb trendek a magyarországi kivándorlásban című kutatás – amelyet 2013 és 2017 között folytattunk – empirikus eredményei több szemszögből vizsgálják a magyar társadalmat és gazdaságot sújtó kivándorlás jellegzetességeit. A kutatás egyrészt a magyarok migrációs hajlandóságára, a kiköltözéssel kapcsolatos attitűdökre fókuszál, másrészt a már kivándorolt magyar állampolgárok külföldi élettapasztalatait, a kiköltözésre ösztönzés okait, a külföldi lét előnyeit és hátrányait részletezi. A tanulmány bemutatja a kivándorlás hullámzó trendjeit, a célországok integrációs jellegzetességeit, a külföldi életvitel eltérő stratégiáit, az emigráns magyarok szubjektív jóllétének különbözőségeit, végül a migrációra és a visszatérésre (remigráció) ösztönző tényezőket.
Migrációs regionális profilok vizsgálata Magyarországon, nagymintás adatbázison
Authors: Szilágyi Roland , Varga Beatrix , Siskáné Szilasi Beáta
Published: December 2017

Kutatásunkban – 2013 és 2016 között közel 6000 fő megkérdezésén alapuló kérdőíves adatgyűjtéssel – válaszokat kerestünk arra a kérdésre, hogy vajon előrejelezhető- e a lakosság migrációs szándéka. Milyen tényezők befolyásolják azt a döntést, hogy valaki el szeretné hagyni az országot – függetlenül attól, hogy kényszerű, kényelmi, praktikus vagy érzelmi okokból teszi azt. Meg lehet-e mondani, hogy milyen tulajdonságokkal rendelkeznek azok az emberek, akik inkább hajlamosak a kivándorlásra, és mi jellemzi azokat, akik lokálpatrióta érzelmeik miatt nem válnak emigránssá.Tanulmányunk első részében áttekintjük a 20. és 21. századi magyarországi kivándorlási hullámok kiváltó okait, az emigránsok társadalmi helyzetét, demográfiai jellemzőit, a kibocsátó területeket és a célországokat. A történeti áttekintés célja, hogy a napjainkban vándorbotot fogók és a korábbi exodusok résztvevői közötti hasonlóságokat, illetve különbözőségeket feltárjuk. Megkíséreljük meghatározni, hogy objektív és szubjektív tulajdonságok mennyiben járulnak hozzá ahhoz, hogy valaki külföldre készüljön hosszabb vagy rövidebb időre, illetve mennyivel nagyobb az esélye az itthon maradásnak. A vizsgált tényezők alapján bemutatjuk a régiók közötti különbségeket, valamint azt, hogy a heterogén földrajzi, gazdasági, demográfiai tulajdonságokkal rendelkező lakosok kivándorlási hajlandósága milyen eltéréseket mutat.A fenti kérdések megválaszolása nem egyszerű. Nemcsak azért, mert összetettségüknél és társadalmi jellegüknél fogva sem a szándék, sem az azt befolyásoló tényezők nem mérhetők egzakt módon, de azért sem, mert a megfelelő módszertan megválasztása is számos további kérdést vet fel.
A migráció női arca
Authors: Lipták Katalin , Matiscsákné Lizák Marianna
Published: December 2017

A tanulmányban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy van-e különbség Magyarországon a nők és a férfiak vándorlási tendenciája között. Bizonyított, hogy a migrációs hullámnak nemzetközi szinten egyre több a női résztvevője, sokszor kényszermegoldásként választják az elvándorlást, a szegénységtől vagy a munkanélküliségtől való menekülésként. A cikkben rávilágítunk arra, hogy ez a tendencia hazánkban is érvényes-e. Hipotézisünk szerint nembeli különbség van a migrációs folyamatokban, és részben más tényezők befolyásolják egy nő migrációs döntését. Kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk a külföldön élő és dolgozó, Magyarországról elvándorolt állampolgárokkal. A felmérés eredménye megerősítette azt a feltételezésünket, hogy a női migrációnak két fő fajtája alakult ki: az egyik eset, amikor az egyedülálló nő önállóan hozza meg a döntést és egyedül vág bele a külföldi munkavállalásba; a másik esetben a férjét, párját külföldre követi a nő és közösen hozzák meg a döntést. A távolság hatásának vizsgálata újszerű eredményt hozott, ugyanis a Magyarországtól földrajzilag távolabbra vándorolt nők külföldi életüket véglegesnek tekintik, hazatérésükre kisebb az esély.
A NEW PARADIGM FOR THE MODEL OF A NEW ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Stupnytskyy Oleksiy , Genin Vlad
Published: December 2017

The necessity of using innovative social technologies, and explores the concept of social entrepreneurship, which is parsed as a form of social innovations. It analyzes the concept of «social entrepreneurship» as a relatively new specific type of enterprise, and its differences from commercial entrepreneurship. It proves, that today in terms of the new model of economic development the social entrepreneurship allows, first of all, to carry out efficient change of social relations and management systems, for the sake of the growth of sociopolitical accessibility of marginalized groups to resources for provision of more qualitative satisfaction of the needs and participation in political processes; and, secondly, to save communicative integrity of social system due to the increase of social capital and possibility of choice for a social individual. It gives a characteristic of both “European” and “American” models of social entrepreneurship, as well as its peculiarities and differences. The provides the examples, how the most successful social entrepreneurs from the West contributed with the distribution of innovations, whose usefulness was rated so highly, that they were implemented on a national scale with the support of the state and business. Also, it analyzes current level of development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the existing problems of creating favorable organizational, legal, economic and competitive conditions, organization and operation of different forms of social entrepreneurship, interaction between the state and public organizations, and maintenance of the development of social entrepreneurship in regions.
Spindle-cell lung carcinoma: classification of types, features of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Alferova Yu S , Surina V D , Karpov N V
Published: December 2017

Spindle-cell lung carcinoma is a very rare disease, one of the forms of biphasic squamous-cell carcinoma, which can be detected in isolated cases. Despite different descriptions of this pathology, currently there is no consensus about methods of its exact morphological diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, it is very important to study all existing at the moment results of spindle-cell carcinoma research for the purpose of systematization and analysis of available data and development of effective methods of the disease control. The review contains modern understanding of clinical medicine about the tumor and different methods of its classification and identification based on worldwide scientific experience. The results of the research of spindle-cell lung carcinoma development causes are discussed, and statistical measures of its detection and used treatment methods are described. Spindle-cell lung carcinoma, frequently affecting male smokers as a large peripheral focus, has unfavourable prognosis even in those cases when the diagnosis was made at the early stage and radical surgery was performed. Distant metastases occur more frequently and earlier than in other tumors of the same group, and survival after recurrence is very low. One of the most promising methods of treatment in case of such malignancy is targeted immunotherapy such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies aimed at inhibiting immune control point.
Promising models of the organization of general medical practices in a city
Authors: Son I M , Kalininskaya A A , Gadzhieva L A , Gazheva A V , Shlyafer S I
Published: December 2017

Aim. To propose promising organizational and functional models of general medical practices in a city with the expansion of the functions of paramedical personnel. Methods. Analysis of the forms data of federal statistical observation in Russia and its subjects was carried out. The following research methods were used: content analysis, statistical method, direct observation, sociological method (questionnaire), functional organizational modelling. Results. The indicators of availability of general practitioners (family doctors) and nurses of a general practitioner in Russia and its subjects are presented. The main reasons for inhibiting the introduction of the institute of general medical practice in a city are revealed. The actual model of general medical practice in a medical organization is presented, that provides outpatient medical care, as well as prospective models of general medical practices, focused on the rational use of resources, including specialists with secondary-level medical education in accordance with their level of professional competence. Different variants of perspective models are discussed for general medical practice in the conditions of city policlinics serving the adult population and distinguished by the forms of work; (1) an independent appointment for patients with the general practitioner’s nurse is organized; (2) preliminary appointment for patients with general practitioner’s nurse together with a general practitioner; (3) independent, before-doctor appointment for patients with a medical assistant and a nurse of a general practitioner; (4) a complex team of general practice can include a medical register. Conclusion. The proposals on improving the organizational bases for the activities of general medical practices in a city were developed.
Idiopathic generalized dystonia
Authors: Khakimova A R , Timorshina K B , Yakupov E Z , Popova N A
Published: December 2017

Idiopathic generalized dystonia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases primarily charecterized by dystonic hyperkinetic disorder (irregular slow involuntary movements of different body parts accompanied by specific muscle tone changes and pathological poses). A 54-year-old female was admitted with various complaints. The leading syndrome was extrapyramidal due to which the differential diagnosis included Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, etc. The diagnosis of idiopathic generalized dystonia, in the form of lower extremity hyperkinesia with dystonic equinus of the left foot and hallux extension and cheirospasm, was made by a method of exclusion. The clinical case described in the article illustrates variety of clinical manifestations of the disease imitating clinical presentation of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, complexity of diagnostic search and importance of timely diagnosis of this disease.
Features of epilepsy in acute and chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Danilova T V
Published: December 2017

Aim. To study clinical features, functional and neuroimaging characteristics of the brain of patients with ischemic brain disease and epileptic seizures. Methods. 772 patients with acute and chronic cerebral ischemia (265 stroke patients with epileptic seizures and 174 patients with seizures on the background of chronic cerebral ischemia, and 203 patients with stroke and 130 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia without seizures) were comprehensively examined. The clinical neurological examination, electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound duplex scanning of extra- and intracranial arteries with the assessment of the level and degree of stenosis and cerebrovascular reactivity were carried out. Results. Focal seizures prevailed in patients with cerebral ischemia. In patients with epileptic seizures on the background of both ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral ischemia cortical localization of ischemic foci prevailed. Early epileptic seizures in patients with ischemic stroke developed with significantly more frequent localization of ischemic focus in the right hemisphere with the orientation vector of neuroimaging formation of the ischemic lesion in the caudal direction. In patients with chronic cerebral ischemia with epileptic seizures, along with frequent lesion of the cortex, more frequent damage of white matter of the brain was observed. In patients with acute and chronic ischemia of the brain with epileptic seizures, a higher incidence of stenosis of major arteries and predominance of impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in posterior cerebral circulation system were established. Conclusion. Multimodal examination of patients with acute and chronic cerebral ischemia allowed forming risk groups for epileptic seizures.
Сombined radiotherapy for cervical cancer with the use of polyradiosensitization with cisplatin and gemcitabine - immediate trial results of Azerbaijan national center of oncology
Authors: Aliyev J A , Isayev I H , Akbarov K S , Guliyev E H , Aliyeva N R , Aliyeva N S
Published: December 2017

Aim. Study of immediate results of chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced cervical cancer with the use of polyradiosensitization with cisplatin and gemcitabine. Methods. The article analyzes diagnostic and treatment results of 128 patients with IIA-IIIB stage cervical cancer. The age of patients varied between 31 and 76 years. External beam radiotherapy was performed with 1.8 Gy fraction up to a total dose of 45 Gy, high dose rate brachytherapy consisted of four 7.0 Gy fractions. Patients from group 1 received weekly infusions of cisplatin (40 mg/m2) and from group 2 - polyradiosensitization with cisplatin (40 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (75 mg/m2). Results. Chemoradiotherapy with the use of polyradiosensitization compared to standard chemoradiotherapy allowed significant improving of immediate results of treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, which was particularly prominent in such unfavorable cases as cervical adenocarcinoma and IIIB stage of the disease. Early toxicity of the treatment was higher in group 2 but effectively resolved with symptomatic supportive treatment and did not lead to interruptions in radiotherapy. Conclusion. Combination of conformal external beam radiotherapy, high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy and concurrent polychemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine is feasible and reasonably safe; chemoradiotherapy with the use of polyradiosensitization improves immediate results of the treatment of cervical cancer with acceptable level of toxicity.
Optimization of perioperative management of patients with small intestinal urinary diversion after radical cystectomy
Authors: Musayev T N , Vezirova Z Sh
Published: December 2017

Aim. To evaluate the incidence of complications of the developed scheme of management of patients in the perioperative period after radical cystectomy with small intestinal urinary derivation. Methods. The study included 105 (100%) patients treated at the department of urologic oncology of the National center of oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the period from 2008 to 2015. Modified Hautman Ileocystoplasty was performed in 87 (82.9%) patients, urine derivation by Bricker’s method - in 18 (17.1%) patients. Tactics for patient management corresponded to the proposed scheme of patient preparation and algorithm for the management. The main criteria for evaluation of the efficacy of the proposed scheme were the incidence and nature of the most common complications in the early postoperative period (30 days) according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results. 131 complications occurred in 71 (67.6%) patients within 30 days after the operation, out of them one complication in 32 (30.5%) patients, two in 23 (22%), three complications in 11 (10.5%), four and more - in 5 (4.8%) patients. The most common complication in the early postoperative period was gastrointestinal atony - 33.4% (n=35). Conclusion. Combined anesthesia and extraperitoneal bladder removal provide significant reduction of the incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal atony; for conclusive evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed complex controlled studies are necessary.
Evaluation of the quality of functioning of artificial neural network with logic outputs in the diagnosis of diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone
Authors: Lazarenko V A , Antonov A E
Published: December 2017

Aim. To develop a set of information methods to improve the quality of neural network diagnosis of diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. Methods. The study involved 385 patients with peptic ulcer, cholecystitis and pancreatitis undergoing in-patient treatment in medical organizations of the city of Kursk. For data mining internally developed software «System of Intellectual Analysis and Diagnosis of Diseases» was used which is an environment for the creation, adjustment, training and practical clinical application of an artificial neural network, such as a multilayer perceptron with an activation function - hyperbolic tangent. Results. Hyperbolic tangent (activation function) of the output layer’s neuron takes the value OUT ∈ ℝ ∧ OUT ∈ (-1; 1) which requires an interpretation. For logic network gates, for example, presence/absence of a disease, it can be performed by comparison with an arbitrarily assigned threshold yB ∈ (0; 1). In this approach, the values are interpreted as false (if y ≤-yB), undefined if y ∈ (-yB; yB), or true (if y ≥yB). Network operation control includes calculation of sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative results, for which the comparison of arrays of pairs of calculated and empirical values is carried out. In case of artificial neural network use for diagnosing diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone, the optimal mode was achieved assigning yB≈0.3 as a threshold of the output neuron activation function. Conclusion. Assessing the quality of the ability of artificial neural network with logic outputs to diagnose hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases, as well as its controlled setting, is most effective by evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, frequency of false positive and false negative results at the threshold value yB≈0.3; the demonstrated sensitivity (83-94.7%) and specificity (83-97.8%) levels are comparable to the traditionally used diagnostic methods.
Effect of hypoxia tolerance on the relation between indicators of free radical oxidation of lipides and proteins in murine kidneys during the post-resuscitation period
Authors: Bayburina G A , Nurgaleeva E A , Agletdinov E F , Samigullina A F
Published: December 2017

Aim. Study of the relationship between the parameters of free radical oxidation of proteins and lipids in the murine kidneys in the post-resuscitation period after stopping the systemic circulation, depending on their resistance to hypoxia. Methods. The systemic circulation was stopped by intra-thoracic clamping of the neurovascular bundle for 5 minutes, performed under general ether anesthesia in male noninbred white rats, divided after testing into two groups based on resistance to hypoxia. The observation period lasted for 35 days. In the homogenates of kidney tissues, the content of products reactive to tiobarbituric acid, carbonylated proteins, the formation of metal-catalyzed carbonylated proteins and bitirozin were determined. Results. The characteristic manifestation of oxidative stress in the recovery period after stopping blood circulation and resuscitation was found to be reciprocity of the relationship between the levels of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins. Highly resistant to hypoxia animals were characterized by high resistance of proteins of kidney tissue to free radical oxidation against the background of high levels of lipid peroxidation. On the contrary, in animals non-resistant to hypoxia, against the background of relatively low values of lipoperoxidation, high levels of oxidative modification of proteins, both initial and induced, were recorded. Conclusion. In post-resuscitation period in highly resistant to hypoxia animals, marked activation of lipoperoxidation occurs accompanied by a transient increase in the carbonylation of proteins in the early observation period; for low-resistant to hypoxia animals high intensity of carbonyl stress against the background of the relative «preservation» of lipid structures of the cell is characteristic, which persists throughout the post-resuscitation period, which can make a significant contribution to kidney damage, increasing the risk of renal failure.
Levels of antithrombin III and D-dimers as predictors of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Urakov A L , Gurevich K G , Kamilov F Kh , Zolotukhin K N , Samorodov A V , Khaliullin F A
Published: December 2017

Aim. Search for predictors of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis among the indicators of hemostasis system. Methods. Retrospective analysis of indicators of hemostasis system was performed in 23 patients with defined pulmonary artery thromboembolism, 30 patients with deep vein thrombosis and 20 healthy volunteers. Values of platelet aggregation by Born method, concentration of circulating thrombocytic aggregates by Kohanna method, values of thromboelastometry, as well as blood levels of D-dimers and antitrombin III in arterial and venous blood were measured. Results. It was established that in patients from both thrombosis groups, haemostasis system changes are similar in nature: (1) a high value of Wu-Hoak is registered - more than 15 times higher in both arterial and venous blood compared to the control group; (2) platelet aggregation rates demonstrate hyperaggregation with all inductors, both in arterial and venous blood; (3) thromboelastography results are characterized by increased activity of thrombocytic hemostasis, prolonged clotting time, heightened clot strength compared to control in both arterial and venous blood flow. However, the difference was revealed between groups with and without pulmonary thromboembolism in venous blood levels of D-dimers and activity of antithrombin III. A function to predict pulmonary thromboembolism was constructed depending on the level of D-dimers and activity of antithrombin III in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion. The developed function for prediction of pulmonary artery thromboembolism can objectively assess the likelihood of pulmonary thromboembolism, which in turn allows minimizing risk and timely assessing the effectiveness of taken preventive measures.
Influence of experimental hypothyroidism on bone tissue metabolism and mineral exchange
Authors: Kamilov F Kh , Kozlov V N , Ganiev T I , Yunusov R R
Published: December 2017

Aim. Characteristics of the changes of bone remodeling markers and mineral metabolism parameters in experimental mercazolilum-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Methods. Development of hypothyroidism in sexually mature male rats caused by 3-week-long intragastric administration of mercazolilum at a dose of 2.5 ml/100 g of animal weight, was monitored by measurement of the total serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. At the end of intoxication, in the serum of experimental and control rat groups the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I, bone alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) was measured. Results. It was found that mercazolilum-induced hypothyroidism leads to a decrease of serum levels of bone tissue metabolism markers, C-terminal telopeptides (β-Cross Laps), and bone alkaline phosphatase, characterizing slowing of remodeling processes. Decrease of Ca and P concentration in the blood was not observed in such cases. In experimental hypothyroidism caused by mercazolilum administration to male rats, shifts in hormones and cytokine balance occur. Decrease of testosterone, increase of levels of gonadotropins, parathyroid hormone, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α was observed. Conclusion. In experimental hypothyroidism developing after mercazolilum administration, disorder of bone and mineral metabolism not only is a consequence of direct influence of thyroid hormones on bone tissue, but is also mediated by changes in hormone and cytokine status.
Establishment of imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell subline and investigation of its sensitivity to the chemomotherapeutic agents
Authors: Dunaev P D , Boichuk S V , Galembikova A R , Khusnutdinov R R
Published: December 2017

Aim. To establish the subline of imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GISTs) cells and to evaluate its sensitivity to various types of chemotherapeutic agents. Methods. To establish imatinib-resistant subline, tumor cells of GIST T-1 line were cultured with gradually increasing doses of imatinib for 18 months. Sensitivity of GIST T-1 cells to imatinib was comparably evaluated every 3 months by using MTS-based colorimetric assay. Level of expression of proteins serving as apoptotic markers, was examined by Western blotting with appropriate monoclonal antibodies. After establishment of GIST T-1 cell line with the signs of resistance to target medication imatinib, its sensitivity to various groups of chemotherapy (doxorubicin, etoposide, vinblastine, paclitaxel and cys-platinum) was evaluated. Sensitivity of imatinib-resistant GIST T-1 cells to chemotherapy as well as the level of expression of proteins serving as apoptotic markers, was evaluated by using MTS-based colorimetric assay and Western blotting. Results. After 18 month of culturing GIST T1 cells in the presence of gradually increasing doses of imatinib, the sings of resistance to this drug were observed. The obtained subline of GIST T1 IM-108R cells was sensitive to all used chemotherapeutic agents. Doxorubicin, vinblastine and etoposide were found to be the most potent cytostatic agents against imatinib-resistant GIST T1 IM-108R cells. Conclusion. Imatinib-resistant GIST T1 subline cells are sensitive to various types of chemotherapeutic agents; the established GIST T1 IM-108R cell subline might be further used for screening for the most effective chemotherapeutic agents and novel synthesized compounds.
Effects of phonophoresis with acetic acid in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: case report
Authors: Pamplona Edilene Araújo , Araújo Andressa Medeiros , Santos Heleodório Honorato dos
Published: December 2017

Background: The calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a dysfunction conservatively treated by shock waves, iontophoresis, and phonophoresis, associated or not with the use of acetic acid. Objective: To check the effects of phonophoresis with acetic acid in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in resorption stage. Methods: Measurements of ROM, muscle strength and functionality of the shoulder (SPADI) were made pre and post-physiotherapeutic treatment. The treatment protocol consisted of 10 sessions of therapeutic ultrasound with acetic acid (frequency = 3 MHz; intensity = 1.4 W/cm2; pulsed mode of 1:4), for 10 minutes, 3 times a week. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (20.0), through the Student’s t-test (paired) considering a significance level of 5%. Results: There was significant improvement regarding the ROM, muscle strength and functionality of the right shoulder (SPADI) comparing pre vs. post-treatment (P<0.01). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05), in the comparison between the shoulders (right X left) in the post-treatment. Conclusion: According to the results of this case study, the protocol used (10 sessions of therapeutic ultrasound + 5% acetic acid) was effective in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of shoulder, improving the ROM, muscle strength and functional capacity, in addition to eliminating the pain of the shoulder affected.
Patrimonio y turismo en la Eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal = Heritage and tourism in the Euroregion Galicia-Northern Portugal
Authors: Pardellas Xulio X. , Figueroa Pedro
Published: December 2017

La hipótesis central de este trabajo establece que una oferta turística conjunta en la eurorregión basada en el patrimonio común incrementaría la competitividad del sector y sin duda la captación de demanda. Tal propuesta de un destino común nunca fue abordada ni debatida en rigor por la administración turística y mucho menos por el propio sector empresarial de las dos regiones. El análisis se centrará en los espacios denominados núcleos del destino, las ciudades de Santiago y Oporto, y posteriormente en los nodos secundarios existentes en el territorio, con una descripción y valoración de los recursos turísticos que constituyen su patrimonio. Completa este artículo el análisis de los recursos específicos centrados en el uso conjunto del río Miño y la oferta de termalismo.This article’s central hypothesis is that, based on a common heritage, Eurorregio’s joint tourist offer would increase the competitiveness of the tourist sector and certainly its potential demand. Spanish and Portuguese government and neither by business sector have never considered a common destiny proposal. The analysis will focus on the areas called nuclei of destination, on the cities of Santiago and Porto and afterwards on secondary nodes in the territory. This document also contains a description and evaluation of tourism resources that constitute their Heritage. Finally, the article provides an analysis of joint resources of Minho River use and Hydrotherapy.
El territorio de la frontera luso-andaluza. Una geometría variable = The territory of the portuguese-andalusian border. A variable geometry
Authors: Jurado Almonte José Manuel , Márquez Domínguez Juan Antonio , Felicidades García Jesús
Published: December 2017

La frontera hispano-portuguesa que discurre entre la región del Algarve, el Baixo Alentejo y la provincia de Huelva ha dividido comunidades de estructuras territoriales similares, a las que, acorde a la desactivación de la frontera, se les ha aplicado políticas territoriales y de cooperación que en términos generales no han servido ni para su desarrollo ni para el mantenimiento de su población. En este trabajo se pretende, principalmente, caracterizar los elementos estructurantes de este espacio fronterizo, los cuales se abordarán desde diversos análisis escalares, desde la Eurorregión Alentejo-Algarve-Andalucía hasta los municipios colindantes con el límite estatal.The Spanish-Portuguese border that runs between the region of Algarve, the Baixo Alentejo and the province of Huelva has divided communities of similar territorial structures, which, according to the deactivation of the boundary, have been applied territorial and cooperation policies which in general failed largely to achieve development or maintain their population. This paper aim to characterize the structuring elements of this borderland, which will be addressed from various scalar analyses, from the Euroregion Algarve-Alentejo-Andalusia to the municipalities closely linked with the boundary.
An observational study on benign/malignant gastric outlet obstruction in tertiary care centre of RIMS, Ranchi, India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Alam Md. Afsar , Kumar Jitendra , Tiwary A. K.
Published: December 2017

Background: Gastric outlet obstruction is a group of clinico-patho physiological consequence of mechanical impediment of gastric emptying. Clinical entities that can result in gastric outlet obstruction are categorized into two well-defined groups of causes - benign and malignant. The proximal stomach is now the most common site for gastric carcinoma in the west but in Japan and developing countries like India the distal gastric cancer (antrum 13% and pylorus 7%) still predominates. Diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction depends on different clinical features and certain investigations. The definitive treatment involves surgical relief of the gastric outlet obstruction. The correct surgical procedure to be adopted is planned according to the cause of obstruction and condition of the patients. This is an observational study aimed for characterization of gastric outlet obstruction in terms of benign and malignant and their relation to its causes, sites and other related factors in tertiary care centre (RIMS).Methods: This is an observational study comprises on 50 patients of gastric outlet obstruction admitted in the Department of Surgery R.I.M.S., Ranchi. The provisional diagnosis was based on detailed clinical history, thorough physical examinations, and some radiological investigations.Results: Majority of the patients of gastric outlet obstruction were malignant lesions of stomach and very few are benign. Antral carcinoma of stomach was found to be the commonest etiology of gastric outlet obstruction followed by pyloric stenosis secondary to acid peptic disorders. Most of the patient was in the age group of 40 to 60 years of age, males were affected more than Females.Conclusions: Gastric outlet obstruction in adults, a surgical problem of either sex, results commonly due to antral carcinoma or pyloric stenosis secondary to acid peptic disorder.
Diagnostic Test Equivalent Hemoglobin Reticulocyte in Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Sanyoto Arundina , Suega Ketut , Adnyana Losen , Bakta I Made
Published: December 2017

BaCKGROUND: Diagnosing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is easy, but also can be complicated in condition with inflammation. A new modality for diagnostic which isn’t influenced with inflammation is needed. The aim of this study is to find the cut-off point and evaluate the accuracy of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) to diagnose IDA using ferritin as the gold standard.METHODS: This study was an observational study with cross-sectional analytical design continued with the diagnostic test conducted in anemic individuals with age 18 years old or above.RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (41 men and 46 women) were included in this study with mean of hemoglobin 7.42 g/dL, serum iron 42.71 mg/dL, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) 242.82 mg/dL, ferritin 799 ug/L and Ret-He 23.63 pg. Ret-He with cut-off value 25 pg showed a sensitivity 97.2% (95% CI 83.79-99.85%), specificity 66.67% (95% CI 51.97-78.85%), positive predictive value 67.30% (95% CI 52.77-79.28%) and negative predictive value 97.14% (95% CI 83.38-99.85%).CONCLUSION: Ret-He showed the best sensitivity for detection of IDA and was suggested as the screening test for IDA.KEYWORDS: IDA, Ret-He, diagnostic test
The Blockade of Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors into the Prelimbic of Prefrontal Cortex Decreases Morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rat
Authors: Javadi Samad , Alaei Hojjatallah , Hosseini Ebrahim , Edalatmanesh Mohammad Amin
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: The prelimbic area (PL) of the prefrontal cortex is susceptible to abnormal developmental stimuli that raises the risk of addiction. Glutamate receptors play a key role in opiate reinforcement and reward functions in this area. Therefore, we examined the effect of the DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist into the PL on the phases of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into 12 groups (3 surgical groups for each dose of morphine in any phase of CPP) and anaesthetized with chloral hydrate. Cannula was implanted into the PL and the AP5 was injected into this area and morphine-induced CPP was investigated. Data were processed with the commercially available SPSS 22 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Our findings indicated, morphine in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg/kg induced CPP. Microinjection of various doses of the AP5 into the PL before the administration of the effective dose of morphine significantly reduced place preference in the acquisition and the expression phases of the CPP test compared to the sham group (p<0.001). In another set of our experiments was seen that, different doses of the AP5 with the ineffective dose of morphine only reduced the expression phase of the CPP (p<0.001) while, produced neither preference nor aversion effect on the acquisition phase (p=0.147).CONCLUSION: It seems that the glutamate NMDA receptors in the PL through memory formation and morphine-related reward signals play a critical role in addiction process during morphine-induced CPP.KEYWORDS: N-methyl-aspartate, morphine, glutamate receptor, prefrontal cortex, reward
Babel: notas para pensar a educação contemporânea
Authors: Scherer Renata Porcher
Published: December 2017

Nesse texto apresentamos a resenha da obra, Babel: entre a incerteza e a esperança. Na referida obra o sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman estabelece um diálogo com o jornalista Ezio Mauro. No final da resenha apontamos algumas das produtividades desse livro para pesquisadores, especialmente no campo da Educação.
Configuración y restricción de los derechos subjetivos a partir de un análisis de las posiciones jurídicas fundamentales en juego
Authors: Mercio Cachapuz María Claudia
Published: December 2017

El presente estudio se ocupa de uno de los temas centrales para la teoría general del derecho, la filosofía del derecho y el derecho civil. Se trata del análisis del contenido, configuración y restricción de los derechos subjetivos. El trabajo se propone el estudio del problema de las limitaciones y de la ponderación de los derechos subjetivos, tanto en una dimensión institucional como en una relación concreta de conflicto de intereses. Se comparan las visiones de Häberle y de Alexy con relación a la adopción de las teorías interna y externa de las restricciones de los derechos fundamentales, para proponer, a la luz del modelo analítico de posiciones jurídicas fundamentales de Hohfeld, el análisis de casos judiciales complejos.
Los artistas colombianos y las plataformas de música digitales: algunas dificultades
Authors: Palacio Puerta Marcela
Published: December 2017

Internet brinda nuevas oportunidades de negocios legales para la industria musical y en especial para artistas o discográficas independientes. Lo anterior se debe a la gran proliferación y crecimiento de plataformas de música digitales. No obstante, contrario a las estadísticas, los artistas no han podido beneficiarse de la manera esperada de dichas oportunidades. El desarrollo académico de este tema se encuentra en sus inicios, especialmente respecto del panorama colombiano, así que, por primera vez en la literatura, se busca abarcar algunas dificultades a las que se enfrentan los artistas colombianos en el mundo de la música digital.
La lesión enorme en Argentina y Colombia: un estudio comparado
Authors: Stiglitz Rubén S. , Bernal Fandiño Mariana
Published: December 2017

La lesión enorme busca sancionar el desequilibrio contractual que se presente durante la etapa de formación del contrato. La regulación de esta figura debe ponderar la necesidad de la seguridad jurídica en las transacciones con la importancia de la equidad y la justicia contractual. Los ordenamientos jurídicos han optado por distintas posiciones frente a ese reto, por lo que la comparación de dos sistemas jurídicos como el colombiano y el argentino resulta ilustrativa para analizar la eficacia de la lesión para sancionar desequilibrios significativos en los negocios jurídicos contemporáneos.
El derecho de retención en la Convención de Viena sobre compraventa internacional de mercaderías
Authors: Leal Barros Patricia
Published: December 2017

A partir del estudio de la doctrina sobre el derecho de retención, se analiza la institución en el contexto de la Convención de Viena sobre Compraventa Internacional de Mercaderías. Partiendo de los requisitos que la doctrina ha considerado como insoslayables para el ejercicio del derecho de retención, se demuestra que esta institución se encuentra inmersa dentro de la Convención en dos supuestos, lo que permite inferir que el derecho de retención puede ser revalorizado como un nuevo remedio ante el incumplimiento en el Derecho Uniforme de los Contratos.
Disminución de la indemnización para los hijos por el aporte causal de los padres en la producción del daño y lucro cesante de menores de edad
Authors: Gaviria Cardona Alejandro
Published: December 2017

La Sentencia SC-16690 de 2016 de la Sala Civil de la Corte Suprema de Justicia condenó a unas entidades médicas por negligencia en el tratamiento brindado a un recién nacido, pero, debido a que sus progenitores demoraron la búsqueda de atención médica, redujo el monto indemnizatorio al 70 % y se abstuvo de condenar al lucro cesante por falta de certeza. Las actuaciones de los padres, frente a sus hijos, no configuran el hecho de la víctima, sino la solidaridad. Con relación al lucro cesante, es perfectamente lógico y razonable entender que, cuando cumpla 18 años, empezará su vida productiva.