bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sparse Version of Reznick’s Positivstellensatz
Authors: Mai Ngoc Hoang Anh , Magron Victor , Lasserre Jean
Published: June 2022

If f is a positive definite form, Reznick’s Positivstellensatz states that there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a sum of squares of polynomials. Assuming that f can be written as a sum of forms [Formula: see text], where each fl depends on a subset of the initial variables, and assuming that these subsets satisfy the so-called running intersection property, we provide a sparse version of Reznick’s Positivstellensatz. Namely, there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where σl is a sum of squares of polynomials, Hl is a uniform polynomial denominator, and both polynomials [Formula: see text] involve the same variables as fl for each [Formula: see text]. In other words, the sparsity pattern of f is also reflected in this sparse version of Reznick’s certificate of positivity. We next use this result to also obtain positivity certificates for (i) polynomials nonnegative on the whole space and (ii) polynomials nonnegative on a (possibly noncompact) basic semialgebraic set, assuming that the input data satisfy the running intersection property. Both are sparse versions of a positivity certificate from Putinar and Vasilescu.

Funding: V. Magron was supported by the Fondation Mathématique Jacques Hadamard Programme Gaspard Monge for Optimization (Exact Polynomial Optimization with Innovative Certifed Schemes project). This work has benefited from the Tremplin European Research Council Starting [Grant ANR-18-ERC2-0004-01] (Tremplin-Certified Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems project), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [Grant 813211] (Polynomial Optimization, Efficiency through Moments and Algebra) as well as from the Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Institute Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute funding, through the French “Investing for the Future Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir3” program [Grant n°ANR-19-PI3A-0004].
The effect of teaching methods in palliative care education for undergraduate nursing and medical students: a systematic review
Authors: Hökkä Minna , Rajala Mira , Kaakinen Pirjo , Lehto Juho T. , Pesonen Hanna-Mari
Published: June 2022

Background: Palliative care should be seen as a human right and integrated into the healthcare system. Adequate palliative care education is seen as a facilitator to develop the integration of palliative care. Aims: To synthesise evidence of the effect of different teaching methods used in palliative care education to students’ competences, knowledge, attitude or skills. Methods: Systematic review. A total of four databases (CINAHL, Eric, PubMed and Scopus) were searched, after which, 16 articles were identified. Findings: Simulations, lectures, films and a humanistic approach all had a positive effect on students’ attitudes to care for a dying person. Problem-based learning, simulations and elective courses increased students’ knowledge of palliative care. Game interventions in education decreased students’ fear of death, while communication with dying patients and relatives became easier. Conclusions: Education interventions had positive effects on students’ attitudes and knowledge. However, there is a need for future research into effective palliative care interventions using randomised designs and research about the effects of blended learning.
Recent trends in foot and ankle orthopaedics for an Indian perspective
Authors: DeNiese Pascal
Published: June 2022

Foot and ankle orthopaedics in India is a rapidly growing and relatively new field being pursued by the Orthopaedic surgeon in view of the pateints recognizing the need for specialized treatment. The article attempts to guide the orthopaedic surgeon with a few commonly occurring conditions with evidence based medicine. This narrative review was performed following a literature search in the Pubmed database and Medline using the mentioned keywords. Related articles were then reviewed.
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis: Postoperative Outcome Comparison Of Intramedullary Nailing And External Fixation In Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Dharmayuda Cok Gde Oka , Gede Bracika Dewa , Arnaya Kenji , Mahadana Sri , Aryanugraha Putu Teguh , Deriano Benedictus , Wiraputri Nariswati Anggapadmi , Surya Pranata I Ketut Gede
Published: June 2022

Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy or neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle is due to sensory and motor neuropathies which lead to a chronic and progressive destruction of the foot architecture involving bones, joints, and soft tissues. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of EF and retrograde IMN in ankle arthrodesis for patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy of the ankle joint. This study conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Literature Search was done on using the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved. From the selected databases, 205 references were obtained. By screening the titles and abstracts, 48 references were excluded The remaining potentially relevant 12 studies underwent a detailed and comprehensive evaluation. Finally, five studies were included in our meta-analysis. Based on the report in this meta-analysis, IMN could showed better results compared to EF for Charcot joint arthrodesis, with IMN showing higher rate of fusion, and lesser risk of complication.
Management of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip replacement; A Case Series
Authors: Yogi Lokesh Kumar , Shinde Vijay Chandrakant , Naik Moti Janardhan , Kumar Vikash
Published: June 2022

Background: Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are not very uncommon. At present the Vancouver classification provides management algorithm for deciding treatment options but treatment options may vary between surgeons, where as in this study most patients managed were according to Vancouver classification management algorithm. The most common treatment modality for treating periprosthetic femoral fractures around a well-fixed stem is with osteosynthesis, but fracture with loose stem requires revision arthroplasty and fracture with poor bone requires bone graft augmentation. Methods: We reviewed 21 consecutive cases with periprosthetic femoral fractures in association with THA between June 2018 and December 2020. Locking and non locking compression plates, wires, cables system were used for osteosynthesis. Most of fractures were managed according to Vancouver classification management algorithm but modified in some cases according to the surgeon’s skills and judgment. Results: According to Vancouver classification, two patients had AL fractures, two patients had AG fractures, twelve Patients had B1, five patients had B2, two patients had B3 and one patient had type C fracture. Of these two cases were treated by conservatively, sixteen cases were treated by osteosynthesis, three cases by revision arthroplasty. Conclusion: The careful analysis of implant stability and fracture patterns is crucial for the optimal treatment of Periprosthetic femoral fractures. Expert Surgeon’s skills are needed to deal with periprosthetic femoral fractures.
Machine learning models for alarm classification and failure localization in optical transport networks
Authors: Babbar Jatin , Triki Ahmed , Ayassi Reda , Laye Maxime
Published: June 2022

The increase in computing capacity and the huge amount of available data have significantly accelerated the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to solve complex real-life problems. In this context, optical networks can benefit from the power of machine learning algorithms to find innovative solutions to complex problems, in particular, by improving failure management. Failure management is an essential functionality of a network management system (NMS) to avoid degradation of signal quality or even the interruption of service. Existing failure management solutions are based on simple static rules, not suitable for modern optical networks characterized by a complex design and a large number of management parameters. In this paper, we use machine learning algorithms with data extracted from an NMS connected to an experimental setup to perform a rapid diagnosis and locate failures. We compare several machine learning models to identify, in the first step, correlated alarms that are related to the same type of failure—unexpected power attenuation—and to localize, in the second step, the position of this failure in the network. Using the four datasets generated by the experimental setup, results show that for both alarm classification and failure localization steps, the best performance is obtained by the light gradient boosting machine classifier with an F1-score greater than 90% and average precision and area under the curve scores close to 1.
Terahertz graphene metasurfaces for cross-polarized deflection, focusing, and orbital angular momentum
Authors: He Canhui , Song Zhengyong
Published: June 2022

Polarization is an important characteristic of electromagnetic wave. Due to novel optical properties, graphene-based anisotropic structure is widely used to control polarization state of electromagnetic wave. In this work, four graphene-based meta-atoms are designed to regulate polarization state of terahertz wave by changing Fermi energy level of graphene. When Fermi energy level is 0.01 eV, cross-polarized wave is emitted by four meta-atoms with phase difference of 90° at 1.18 THz, and the corresponding polarization conversion ratio reaches ∼90%. When Fermi energy level is adjusted to 0.70 eV, linear phase gradient will disappear, and cross-polarized wave almost disappears. Using four selected elements, three dynamic metasurfaces are designed for controlling wavefront of reflected beam, and they are gradient metasurface, metalens, and vortex beam generator. The designed metasurfaces successfully combine wavefront control and polarization manipulation, and greatly improve the ability to control electromagnetic wave. Our designs may have many potential applications, such as terahertz switching, imaging, and polarization beam splitter.
Fast and on-line link optimization for the long-distance two-way fiber-optic time and frequency transfer
Authors: Wang Long , Liu Ying , Jiao Wenhai , Hu Liang , Chen Jianping , Wu Guiling
Published: June 2022

The performance of long-distance two-way fiber-optic time and frequency (T/F) transfer is directly affected by link parameters. In this paper, a fast on-line scheme to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at the T/F transfer link ends (denoted by SNRW and SNRE) is proposed by optimizing the gains of bidirectional Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Bi-EDFAs). The dedicatedly defined objective optimization functions, ln(1/SNRW + 1/SNRE) for microwave and time transfer, and ln(1/SNRW) for optical frequency transfer, are proven to be a convex function and enable the computation time to be reduced significantly by employing the fast and mature convex optimization algorithm. The linear equations about the objective optimization function and the fiber parameters required by optimization are constructed, and then the fiber parameters are proposed to be on-line obtained accordingly by measuring the concerned SNR at the link end under different EDFA gain configurations and solving the linear equations. The transmission matrixes for the proposed optimization scheme are further derived, which can simplify the implementation in the long-distance multiple EDFAs links. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can obtain the optimal parameters consistent with the reported experimental results, and can reduce the computation time by more than four orders compared with the scanning optimization method for a link with more than 6 Bi-EDFAs.
Demonstration of a side-pumped cross-seeded thin-slab pre-amplifier for high-power Ti:Sa laser systems
Authors: Chvykov Vladimir , Chi Han , Wang Yong , Dehne Kristian , Berrill Mark , Rocca Jorge J.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a room-temperature Ti:Sapphire (Ti:Sa) amplifier that uses a cross pump-seed geometry (cross-thin-slab) to generate 30-mJ output pulses at 0.5-kHz repetition rate, and 25 mJ at 1 kHz when pumped by 100-mJ, 515-nm pulses from a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser. The geometry allows to maintain a crystal temperature of ∼30°C using cooling water at 10°C. The amplifier is an attractive solution for use in the first stages of amplification in high peak and high average power chirped pulse amplification laser systems.
ROS and cGMP signaling modulate persistent escape from hypoxia in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Lina , Fenk Lorenz A. , Nilsson Lars , Amin-Wetzel Niko Paresh , Ramirez-Suarez Nelson Javier , de Bono Mario , Chen Changchun
Published: June 2022

The ability to detect and respond to acute oxygen (O2) shortages is indispensable to aerobic life. The molecular mechanisms and circuits underlying this capacity are poorly understood. Here, we characterize the behavioral responses of feeding Caenorhabditis elegans to approximately 1% O2. Acute hypoxia triggers a bout of turning maneuvers followed by a persistent switch to rapid forward movement as animals seek to avoid and escape hypoxia. While the behavioral responses to 1% O2 closely resemble those evoked by 21% O2, they have distinct molecular and circuit underpinnings. Disrupting phosphodiesterases (PDEs), specific G proteins, or BBSome function inhibits escape from 1% O2 due to increased cGMP signaling. A primary source of cGMP is GCY-28, the ortholog of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor. cGMP activates the protein kinase G EGL-4 and enhances neuroendocrine secretion to inhibit acute responses to 1% O2. Triggering a rise in cGMP optogenetically in multiple neurons, including AIA interneurons, rapidly and reversibly inhibits escape from 1% O2. Ca2+ imaging reveals that a 7% to 1% O2 stimulus evokes a Ca2+ decrease in several neurons. Defects in mitochondrial complex I (MCI) and mitochondrial complex I (MCIII), which lead to persistently high reactive oxygen species (ROS), abrogate acute hypoxia responses. In particular, repressing the expression of isp-1, which encodes the iron sulfur protein of MCIII, inhibits escape from 1% O2 without affecting responses to 21% O2. Both genetic and pharmacological up-regulation of mitochondrial ROS increase cGMP levels, which contribute to the reduced hypoxia responses. Our results implicate ROS and precise regulation of intracellular cGMP in the modulation of acute responses to hypoxia by C. elegans.
Combined computational modeling and experimental analysis integrating chemical and mechanical signals suggests possible mechanism of shoot meristem maintenance
Authors: Banwarth-Kuhn Mikahl , Rodriguez Kevin , Michael Christian , Ta Calvin-Khang , Plong Alexander , Bourgain-Chang Eric , Nematbakhsh Ali , Chen Weitao , Roy-Chowdhury Amit , Reddy G. Venugopala , Alber Mark
Published: June 2022

Stem cell maintenance in multilayered shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of plants requires strict regulation of cell growth and division. Exactly how the complex milieu of chemical and mechanical signals interact in the central region of the SAM to regulate cell division plane orientation is not well understood. In this paper, simulations using a newly developed multiscale computational model are combined with experimental studies to suggest and test three hypothesized mechanisms for the regulation of cell division plane orientation and the direction of anisotropic cell expansion in the corpus. Simulations predict that in the Apical corpus, WUSCHEL and cytokinin regulate the direction of anisotropic cell expansion, and cells divide according to tensile stress on the cell wall. In the Basal corpus, model simulations suggest dual roles for WUSCHEL and cytokinin in regulating both the direction of anisotropic cell expansion and cell division plane orientation. Simulation results are followed by a detailed analysis of changes in cell characteristics upon manipulation of WUSCHEL and cytokinin in experiments that support model predictions. Moreover, simulations predict that this layer-specific mechanism maintains both the experimentally observed shape and structure of the SAM as well as the distribution of WUSCHEL in the tissue. This provides an additional link between the roles of WUSCHEL, cytokinin, and mechanical stress in regulating SAM growth and proper stem cell maintenance in the SAM.
Towards a more general understanding of the algorithmic utility of recurrent connections
Authors: Larsen Brett W. , Druckmann Shaul
Published: June 2022

Lateral and recurrent connections are ubiquitous in biological neural circuits. Yet while the strong computational abilities of feedforward networks have been extensively studied, our understanding of the role and advantages of recurrent computations that might explain their prevalence remains an important open challenge. Foundational studies by Minsky and Roelfsema argued that computations that require propagation of global information for local computation to take place would particularly benefit from the sequential, parallel nature of processing in recurrent networks. Such “tag propagation” algorithms perform repeated, local propagation of information and were originally introduced in the context of detecting connectedness, a task that is challenging for feedforward networks. Here, we advance the understanding of the utility of lateral and recurrent computation by first performing a large-scale empirical study of neural architectures for the computation of connectedness to explore feedforward solutions more fully and establish robustly the importance of recurrent architectures. In addition, we highlight a tradeoff between computation time and performance and construct hybrid feedforward/recurrent models that perform well even in the presence of varying computational time limitations. We then generalize tag propagation architectures to propagating multiple interacting tags and demonstrate that these are efficient computational substrates for more general computations of connectedness by introducing and solving an abstracted biologically inspired decision-making task. Our work thus clarifies and expands the set of computational tasks that can be solved efficiently by recurrent computation, yielding hypotheses for structure in population activity that may be present in such tasks.
Sequence learning, prediction, and replay in networks of spiking neurons
Authors: Bouhadjar Younes , Wouters Dirk J. , Diesmann Markus , Tetzlaff Tom
Published: June 2022

Sequence learning, prediction and replay have been proposed to constitute the universal computations performed by the neocortex. The Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) algorithm realizes these forms of computation. It learns sequences in an unsupervised and continuous manner using local learning rules, permits a context specific prediction of future sequence elements, and generates mismatch signals in case the predictions are not met. While the HTM algorithm accounts for a number of biological features such as topographic receptive fields, nonlinear dendritic processing, and sparse connectivity, it is based on abstract discrete-time neuron and synapse dynamics, as well as on plasticity mechanisms that can only partly be related to known biological mechanisms. Here, we devise a continuous-time implementation of the temporal-memory (TM) component of the HTM algorithm, which is based on a recurrent network of spiking neurons with biophysically interpretable variables and parameters. The model learns high-order sequences by means of a structural Hebbian synaptic plasticity mechanism supplemented with a rate-based homeostatic control. In combination with nonlinear dendritic input integration and local inhibitory feedback, this type of plasticity leads to the dynamic self-organization of narrow sequence-specific subnetworks. These subnetworks provide the substrate for a faithful propagation of sparse, synchronous activity, and, thereby, for a robust, context specific prediction of future sequence elements as well as for the autonomous replay of previously learned sequences. By strengthening the link to biology, our implementation facilitates the evaluation of the TM hypothesis based on experimentally accessible quantities. The continuous-time implementation of the TM algorithm permits, in particular, an investigation of the role of sequence timing for sequence learning, prediction and replay. We demonstrate this aspect by studying the effect of the sequence speed on the sequence learning performance and on the speed of autonomous sequence replay.
A MademoiseLLE domain binding platform links the key RNA transporter to endosomes
Authors: Devan Senthil-Kumar , Schott-Verdugo Stephan , Müntjes Kira , Bismar Lilli , Reiners Jens , Hachani Eymen , Schmitt Lutz , Höppner Astrid , Smits Sander HJ , Gohlke Holger , Feldbrügge Michael
Published: June 2022

Spatiotemporal expression can be achieved by transport and translation of mRNAs at defined subcellular sites. An emerging mechanism mediating mRNA trafficking is microtubule-dependent co-transport on shuttling endosomes. Although progress has been made in identifying various components of the endosomal mRNA transport machinery, a mechanistic understanding of how these RNA-binding proteins are connected to endosomes is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a flexible MademoiseLLE (MLLE) domain platform within RNA-binding protein Rrm4 ofUstilago maydisis crucial for endosomal attachment. Our structure/function analysis uncovered three MLLE domains at the C-terminus of Rrm4 with a functionally defined hierarchy. MLLE3 recognises two PAM2-like sequences of the adaptor protein Upa1 and is essential for endosomal shuttling of Rrm4. MLLE1 and MLLE2 are most likely accessory domains exhibiting a variable binding mode for interaction with currently unknown partners. Thus, endosomal attachment of the mRNA transporter is orchestrated by a sophisticated MLLE domain binding platform.
School racial segregation and long-term cardiovascular health among Black adults in the US: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Schwartz Gabriel L. , White Justin S. , Glymour M. Maria , Reardon Sean F. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Collin Daniel F. , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Wang Guangyi , Hamad Rita
Published: June 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects Black adults in the United States. This is increasingly acknowledged to be due to inequitable distribution of health-promoting resources. One potential contributor is inequities in educational opportunities, although it is unclear what aspects of education are most salient. School racial segregation may affect cardiovascular health by increasing stress, constraining socioeconomic opportunities, and altering health behaviors. We investigated the association between school segregation and Black adults’ CVD risk.

Methods and findings

We leveraged a natural experiment created by quasi-random (i.e., arbitrary) timing of local court decisions since 1991 that released school districts from court-ordered desegregation. We used the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1991 to 2017), linked with district-level school segregation measures and desegregation court order status. The sample included 1,053 Black participants who ever resided in school districts that were under a court desegregation order in 1991. The exposure was mean school segregation during observed schooling years. Outcomes included several adult CVD risk factors and outcomes. We fitted standard ordinary least squares (OLS) multivariable linear regression models, then conducted instrumental variables (IV) analysis, using the proportion of schooling years spent in districts that had been released from court-ordered desegregation as an instrument. We adjusted for individual- and district-level preexposure confounders, birth year, and state fixed effects. In standard linear models, school segregation was associated with a lower probability of good self-rated health (−0.05 percentage points per SD of the segregation index; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.03; p < 0.001) and a higher probability of binge drinking (0.04 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.07; p = 0.04) and heart disease (0.01 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.15; p = 0.007). IV analyses also found that school segregation was associated with a lower probability of good self-rated health (−0.09 percentage points; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.02, p = 0.02) and a higher probability of binge drinking (0.17 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.30, p = 0.008). For IV estimates, only binge drinking was robust to adjustments for multiple hypothesis testing. Limitations included self-reported outcomes and potential residual confounding and exposure misclassification.

Conclusions

School segregation exposure in childhood may have longstanding impacts on Black adults’ cardiovascular health. Future research should replicate these analyses in larger samples and explore potential mechanisms. Given the recent rise in school segregation, this study has implications for policies and programs to address racial inequities in CVD.
High throughput SARS-CoV-2 variant analysis using molecular barcodes coupled with next generation sequencing
Authors: Cohen-Aharonov Lyora A. , Rebibo-Sabbah Annie , Yaacov Adar , Granit Roy Z. , Strauss Merav , Colodner Raul , Cheshin Ori , Rosenberg Shai , Eavri Ronen
Published: June 2022

The identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants across the globe and their implications on the outspread of the pandemic, infection potential and resistance to vaccination, requires modification of the current diagnostic methods to map out viral mutations rapidly and reliably. Here, we demonstrate that integrating DNA barcoding technology, sample pooling and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) provide an applicable solution for large-population viral screening combined with specific variant analysis. Our solution allows high throughput testing by barcoding each sample, followed by pooling of test samples using a multi-step procedure. First, patient-specific barcodes are added to the primers used in a one-step RT-PCR reaction, amplifying three different viral genes and one human housekeeping gene (as internal control). Then, samples are pooled, purified and finally, the generated sequences are read using an Illumina NGS system to identify the positive samples with a sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 97.3%. Using this solution, we were able to identify six known and one unknown SARS-CoV-2 variants in a screen of 960 samples out of which 258 (27%) were positive for the virus. Thus, our diagnostic solution integrates the benefits of large population and epidemiological screening together with sensitive and specific identification of positive samples including variant analysis at a single nucleotide resolution.
Effects of changes in physical and sedentary behaviors on mental health and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xi , Gao Haiyan , Shu Binbin , Zou Yuchun
Published: June 2022

Background

While restriction measures are critical in containing the COVID-19 outbreak, limited studies have investigated the behavioral and psychological impact of these measures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of physical and sedentary behavioral changes and online behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and life satisfaction among the Chinese population.

Methods

The data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 2145 residents aged between 18 and 80 in Hubei province, China between March 23, 2020, and April 9, 2020.

Results

Participants who had high frequencies of physical activities before or during the COVID-19 outbreak exhibited higher levels of life satisfaction. Participants who increased their sitting time during the pandemic or kept sitting for more than eight hours before and during the pandemic reported worse mental health than those who maintained less sedentary behavior. Besides, participants who used the Internet for information seeking, communication, and entertainment more frequently reported better mental health and life satisfaction. In contrast, there was a positive association between commercial use of the Internet and symptoms of mental disorders.

Conclusion

Given the link between physical and sedentary behavioral changes with worse mental wellbeing, strategies to reduce sedentariness and increase physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.
Reliability of live and video-based coding in netball using the NetballStats application
Authors: Bruce Lyndell , Dwyer Dan , Fox Aaron
Published: June 2022

Understanding reliability of performance analysis tools is important to ensure match to match comparisons can be undertaken with the knowledge of consistency between coding situations. There are few published studies examining the reliability of commonly used performance analysis tools. The aim of this project was to assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the NetballStats application and to make comparisons between live and video-based coding situations. Two ‘coders’ coded eight netball matches using the NetballStats application, coding each match live, then twice from video. Level of agreement was assessed for frequency counts across the variables coded. Results showed that intra-rater agreement was higher than inter-rater agreement and that reliability from video coding is better than from live coding. High frequency events automatically coded by the application and events that are well defined had greater levels of agreement than lower frequency events and subjectively judged events. Live coding situations underrepresent occurrence of events, particularly for high frequency events such as ‘possession’. To ensure reliability between coders, clubs should provide an extensive training program to coders with clear instructions on coding subjective events. Coaches should be aware that live coding underestimates some event types and factor this into their decision making processes.
Fractional Moore-Gibson-Thompson heat transfer model with nonlocal and nonsingular kernels of a rotating viscoelastic annular cylinder with changeable thermal properties
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Alesemi Meshari
Published: June 2022

Long hollow cylinders are commonly utilized in various technological applications, including liquid and gas transmission. As a result, its value is growing, becoming increasingly important to many research efforts. Compared with thermal isotropic homogeneous cylinders, thermo-viscoelastic orthotropic cylinders have less relevant data. In this paper, a thermoelastic fractional heat conduction model was developed based on the Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation to examine the axial symmetry problem of a viscoelastic orthotropic hollow cylinder. Atangana and Baleanu derivative operators with nonsingular and nonlocal kernels were used in constructing the fractional model. The thermal properties of the cylinder materials are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The Laplace transform is applied to solve the system of governing equations. The numerical calculations for temperature, displacement, and stress components are performed by the effect of fractional order, rotation, and changing thermal properties of the cylinder. The results showed that due to the presence of fractional derivatives, some properties of the physical fields of the medium change according to the value of the fractional order.
Differences in prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases between young people living with HIV (YLWH) and young general population in Cambodia
Authors: Seang Kennarey , Javanbakht Marjan , Lee Sung-Jae , Brookmeyer Ron , Pheng Phearavin , Chea Phalla , Saphonn Vonthanak , Gorbach Pamina M.
Published: June 2022

Understanding non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among young people living with HIV (YLWH) is critical given the potential for aging-associated comorbidities resulting from HIV, especially in Cambodia where such data are limited. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and correlates of NCDs in YLWH and compared it to a nationally representative sample of young people not otherwise infected. We collected data from a sample of 370 YLWH aged 18–29 years attending three HIV clinics in Cambodia between 2019 and 2020. Our comparison group were 486 young people who participated in the Ministry of Health/WHO 2016 Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEP survey). Both surveys used a standardized questionnaire to collect information on lifestyle factors and World Health Organization protocols for physical and biochemical measurements. We compared the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterolemia between the two groups and examined the relationship between these conditions and HIV. We found 16 (4%), 22 (6%), and 72 (20%) had diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterolemia, respectively, among YLWH, compared to 4 (1%), 22 (4%), and 49 (11%) among the general population. In logistic regression, YLWH were at higher odds of diabetes/prediabetes and high cholesterolemia compared with the young general population, aOR = 6.64 (95% CI 3.62–12.19) and aOR = 7.95 (95% CI 3.98–15.87), respectively. Our findings demonstrate that YLWH in Cambodia face multiple metabolic disorders and NCDs despite their young age and that accessible screening measures and treatment for these conditions are needed in order to combat NCDs in the future.
Changing attitudes towards female genital mutilation. From conflicts of loyalty to reconciliation with self and the community: The role of emotion regulation
Authors: Agboli Afi , Richard Fabienne , Botbol-Baum Mylene , Brackelaire Jean-Luc , D’Aguanno Annalisa , Diallo Khadidiatou , Mikolajczak Moïra , Ricadat Elise , Aujoulat Isabelle
Published: June 2022

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a social norm embedded in the patriarchal system and is resistant to change due to its roots in the tradition of the practising communities. Despite this difficulty in change, some women succeed in changing their attitudes towards the practice. In trying to understand what makes these women change their attitudes, we identified in a previous study, the critical life events at which change occurs (turning point). These turning points were described with emotions and conflicting feelings based on which we hypothesised that emotion regulation and the resolution of conflicts of loyalty might be possible mechanisms that explain the change of attitudes by the women. In this article, we sought to investigate how the mechanisms interact and how they were at play to explain the change. We, therefore, triangulated our previous data, fifteen women interviewed twice, with the published life stories and public testimonies of 10 women with FGM, and interviews of six experts chosen for their complementary fields of expertise to discuss the emerging concepts and theory, generated by our study. The data were analysed using framework analysis and an element of the grounded theory approach (constant comparison). As a result of our theorisation process, we propose a model of change in five stages (Emotion suppression, The awakening, The clash, Re-appropriation of self, and Reconciliation). This describes the process of a woman’s journey from compliance with FGM and community norms to non-compliance. Our study reveals how the women whose stories were analysed, moved from being full members of their community at the cost of suppressing their emotions and denying their selves, to becoming their whole selves while symbolically remaining members of their communities through the forgiveness of their mothers.
A mixed-methods evaluation of the one-way door and CitySafe patrol policies in Whangarei, New Zealand
Authors: Cameron Michael P. , Brown Juliana , Cochrane William , Robertson Neville
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we evaluate the impacts of one-way door and CitySafe patrol policies in Whangarei, New Zealand, using a mixed-methods approach. In the quantitative analyses, we apply interrupted time series analysis and difference-in-differences analysis to data on antisocial behaviour derived from CCTV footage, and to police calls-for-service data. In the qualitative analysis, we apply thematic analysis to data from semi-structured interviews with 33 local stakeholders. We find a statistically significant increase in observed antisocial behaviour, but statistically significant decreases in violence and drug and alcohol offences, except when other small cities are used as a control group. In the qualitative analysis, a large majority of interviewees thought that the policy had reduced alcohol-related harm and increased safety, although a number of possible unintended consequences were also noted, including a reallocation of police resources, a redistribution of night-time drinking towards the suburbs, and a change in the demand for taxi companies. Overall, there is evidence only that the policies have reduced perceived alcohol-related harm, rather than reducing measures of harm.
A nonlinear correlation measure with applications to gene expression data
Authors: Tripathi Yogesh M. , Chatla Suneel Babu , Chang Yuan-Chin I. , Huang Li-Shan , Shieh Grace S.
Published: June 2022

Nonlinear correlation exists in many types of biomedical data. Several types of pairwise gene expression in humans and other organisms show nonlinear correlation across time, e.g., genes involved in human T helper (Th17) cells differentiation, which motivated this study. The proposed procedure, called Kernelized correlation (Kc), first transforms nonlinear data on the plane via a function (kernel, usually nonlinear) to a high-dimensional (Hilbert) space. Next, we plug the transformed data into a classical correlation coefficient, e.g., Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), to yield a nonlinear correlation measure. The algorithm to computeKcis developed and the R code is provided online. In three simulated nonlinear cases, when noise in data is moderate,Kcwith the RBF kernel (Kc-RBF) outperforms Pearson’srand the well-known distance correlation (dCor). However, when noise in data is low, Pearson’srand dCor perform slightly better than (equivalently to)Kc-RBF in Case 1 and 3 (in Case 2); Kendall’s tau performs worse than the aforementioned measures in all cases. In Application 1 to discover genes involved in the early Th17 cell differentiation,Kcis shown to detect the nonlinear correlations of four genes withIL17A(a known marker gene), while dCor detects nonlinear correlations of two pairs, and DESeq fails in all these pairs. Next,Kcoutperforms Pearson’s and dCor, in estimating the nonlinear correlation of negatively correlated gene pairs in yeast cell cycle regulation. In conclusion,Kcis a simple and competent procedure to measure pairwise nonlinear correlations.
Using IoT in Natural Hazard Management and Future Directions
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Sharma Gajendra , Lee Jae Eun
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to review the current researches and to suggest the future directions of using IoT in disaster management. Natural hazards such as earthquake, floods, and landslides can be proved to be great harm to human being.
The internet of things (IOT) plays a vital role in disaster management and preparation. The future directions of IoT utilization in managing natural disasters can be suggested as follows. First, it is necessary to use IoT to predict the occurrence of disasters and predict the extent of damage by embedding technology into objects that can cause natural disasters. Second, although the IoT itself has high utility, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of disaster management connecting with artificial intelligence (AI), big data analysis, cloud computing, and drones. Third, IoT, AI, robots, drones, and big data must be connected and utilized in proper manner. Fourth, for disaster management based on advanced technologies including IoT, it is urgently required to train experts who can use it at all times.
Save the Elderly in Crisis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Sun Hee
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the leading projects for Community-based Integrated Care for the Elderly (CICE) in terms of network governance. This study applied the effectiveness criteria of network governance suggested by Provan & Milward (2001). This study presented the necessary conditions for more autonomous project management through case analysis.
The findings showed that at the community level, to secure the legitimacy and recognition of the public for the CICE project is required. Evaluation and monitoring to confirm the performance of the project is demanding. At the network level, it suggests to strengthen the linkage between actors while minimizing project overlapping among network. Moreover, it requires more clear role definition for private participants and more active participation. Lastly, at the level of organization/participation, it should secure the necessary financial and human resources in the final execution stage, and design a project that considers the needs of the beneficiary.
Prevention Strategies for Secondary Victimization of Sexual Harassment Victims in the Workplace
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Park Hee Rin
Published: June 2022

Most Korean organizations and companies have tried to solve the sexual harassment problem through compulsory sexual harassment prevention education and formal grievance handling procedures. Nevertheless, many women still say they have been sexually harassed at work. Moreover, secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace has been reported constantly. After the damage, sexual harassment victims at work experience negative experiences such as mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, guilt, suicidal thoughts, and overall stress. This affects not only individual problems but also organizations. The strategies to prevent secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace are as follows. First, laws, policies and agencies related to secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace should be unified. Second, the victim and supporters must be actively protected. Third, it is necessary to train a dedicated supervisor with expertise in handling sexual harassment and gender discrimination cases in the workplace. Fourth, Specific guidelines for secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace should be prepared. Fifth, a gender equality in the workplace culture should be created.
Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ganchimeg Bat Erdene , Lee Jae Eun , Kitagawa Keiko
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the responses to the COVID-19 among Korea, USA, Japan, Germany, and France. To compare responses to COVID-19, five criteria were adopted: disaster relief funds, social distancing and wearing masks, overseas arrivals, vaccination, and school and student quarantine. The results was summarized and presented as follows.
First, most countries provided disaster relief funds and extended national and local tax payment deadlines. Second, most countries have guidelines for a safe distance to be 1~2m, and wearing a mask is mandatory. Third, the complete vaccination rates of each country shows that USA is 58.7%, Korea 77.2%, Japan 75.2%, France 68.7%, and Germany 67.4%. Fourth, all countries imposed entry bans from China, and the behavioral restrictions were relaxed to allow entry with confirmation of vaccination. Fifth, most countries had "online platforms", "take-home packages", "televisions", "cell phones" and "radios" during school closures.”
Exploring Direct Care Workers' Experiences with Dementia Patients
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lyu Jiyoung , Lim Yeon Ok
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to elicit and understand the experience of direct care workers involved with dementia patients. Conventional content analysis was used in this study. Fifteen direct care workers, associated with either nursing homes or elderly daycare centers in Korea, were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. All interviews were recorded using digital devices, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed. Four key areas were identified: (1) confusion due to ignorance and inexperience; (2) difficulties due to personal, familial, and environmental obstacles; (3) accustomed care skills learned from one's own experience; and (4) unintentional discrimination. The results suggest that even though direct care workers are educated on dementia, their knowledge and caring skills are not adequate to manage diverse dementia symptoms.
Therefore, it is necessary and important to develop scientific and systematic dementia education programs and care skills to improve the quality of care.
Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Staging, and Mortality in Canada: Implications for Population-Based Screening
Authors: O'Sullivan Dylan E. , Ruan Yibing , Cheung Winson Y. , Forbes Nauzer , Heitman Steven J. , Hilsden Robert J. , Brenner Darren R.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC) has been increasing in North America. Debate remains as to whether the trends by topography, histology, stage, or mortality in this population are amenable to intervention from screening.

METHODS:

CRC incidence (2000–2017) and mortality (2000–2018) data were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics. Annual percentage changes (APC) in the incidence (topography and histology) and mortality of eoCRC were estimated using joinpoint regression. Incidence of late-stage CRC (III or IV) versus early-stage CRC (I or II) was compared between the eoCRC (age 20–49 years) and eligible screening (age 50–74 years) groups with Poisson regression.

RESULTS:

Among women aged 20–49 years, the incidence of CRC significantly increased from 2000 to 2017 in both the distal colon (APC = 1.40) and rectum (APC = 3.00), whereas for men aged 20–49 years, the CRC incidence increased in the proximal colon (APC = 1.10), distal colon (APC = 3.00), and rectum (APC = 3.70). Among both men and women aged 20–49 years, the incidence of nonmucinous adenocarcinomas significantly increased (APC: 1.90 and 2.30, respectively), whereas mucinous adenocarcinomas decreased for women (APC = −1.60) and remained stable for men. Adults aged 30 to 49 years, when diagnosed with CRC, had a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with a late-stage CRC compared with those in the age group of 50–74 years. Rectal cancer mortality increased from 2000 to 2018 in the eoCRC group (APC for women and men 3.80 and 3.40, respectively).

DISCUSSION:

Emerging data support future modifications to guidelines on screening for eoCRC in Canada. Further research is required on the effect, cost-effectiveness, and risk prediction for targeted screening within this group.