bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information
Authors: Shaw John J , Urgolites Zhisen , Monaghan Padraic
Published: January 2020

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.
Parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on children’s sexual health education: a qualitative study in Makwanpur Nepal
Authors: Acharya Dev R , Thomas Malcolm , Cann Rosemary , Regmi Pramod R
Published: January 2020

Sex education is taught to secondary school students in Nepal. Nevertheless, there are concerns that the school-based sexual health education is not effective and adequate to address young people’s necessities. We carried out a qualitative study comprising key informant interviews with teachers (n=8) and parents (n=6) in Makwanpur district in Nepal. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Thematic analysis was performed to identify patterns or themes within the qualitative data. Most participants (both teachers and parents) had thought of delivering sex education preferably from grade seven to avoid the effects of globalised mass media and the internet. The practical aspects of school sex education programme and the importance of parent-child communication were of major concerns. Comprehensive training to health teachers, an informal approach to teaching sex education and seeking outside health professionals, such as health facilitators were the frequently reported issues. There is a need to offer sexual health services along with sex education to protect young people from potential dangers of STIs including HIV infection. Particularly, health teachers should be trained properly to mitigate the social and cultural impacts, and to allow a smooth sex education discussion in the classroom. The curriculum for sex education should be relevant, engaging and developmentally suitable with clear progressive avenues for learning experience.
Genital fistula: Successes, challenges, and way forward in a facility specialization in fistula management in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Nrinmoy , Mahmood Iftikher , Doraiswamy Sathyanarayan , Biswas Animesh
Published: January 2020

Aims: To explore the prevalence, types of genital fistulas as well as their success, challenges, and way forward on genital fistula in Bangladesh.
Methods: Between October 2017 and September 2018, Hope Hospital identified a total number of 101 genital fistula cases though a community network system in Cox’s Bazar. For each of the patients, detailed case histories and clinical management reports documented, and the data were interpreted using descriptive analysis.
Results: Out of 101 genital fistula cases admitted to the facility, 95.3% (n=96) of cases were obstetric; three cases iatrogenic, and one each traumatic and congenital. The median age of the women was 28 years (range: 18 -73) and the median duration of two years (range: 1 month-53 years). Most of the cases had urinary incontinence (86.1 %, n=85) and 12 and two cases were fecal and mixed type respectively. Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair was performed in most of the cases (78.2%, n=79) while 21.8% (n=22) received recto vaginal fistula (RVF) repair. 90% (n=91) were discharged without complication. The median duration of hospital stay was 16 days (range: 4 -29). The success rate was 86.1% (n=85), and 16 cases advised for repeat surgery. Pre-and post-surgery counselling was provided without rehabilitation or reintegration support.
Conclusions: Facility data in a particular geographic location represents high prevalence of obstetric fistula and lacks rehabilitation and social reintegration support. Further study is essential to draw a complete geographical map for genital fistula in Bangladesh.
Keywords: genital fistula, management, rehabilitation, Bangladesh
Iatrogenic Genitourinary Fistula: Changing Trends
Authors: Pradhan T , Basnet T , Thapa BD , Regmi MC
Published: January 2020

Aims: To study the frequency of iatrogenic cause amongst the surgery done for genitourinary fistula and to study the type and cause of iatrogenic genitourinary fistula.
Methods: This is retrospective study of women undergoing surgery for genitourinary fistula repair from year 2013 to 2018. The analysis considers frequency and characteristics of type of fistula.
Results: Out of 223 genitourinary fistula 75 (33.6%) were iatrogenic. Vaginal vault fistula were 25% followed by uretero-vaginal fistula (32.9%), vesico-vaginal fistula (32.9%) and there were 4 iatrogenic recto-vaginal fistula; 81.6% of the iatrogenic fistula had preceding history of hysterectomy followed by emergency caesarean section (17.1%). There is annual increasing trend in iatrogenic fistula repair from 3 to 23.
Conclusions: Women undergoing hysterectomy were under risk for iatrogenic fistula. Optimum work environment is important to reduce surgical error during procedures. Operating training should be emphasised on optimal surgical skills, decision making.
Keywords: genitourinary fistula, ureteric fistula, vault fistula
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI SARANA PENYEBARAN INFORMASI PUBLIK BAGI MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI (Studi Kasus pada Group Kesenian Pertunjukan Rakyat Cermin Theater di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)
Authors: Arifuddin Achmad
Published: January 2020

Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai yang terdiri atas 243 desa/kelurahan yang berada dalam 17 kecamatan. peranan media tradisional seni pertunjukan rakyat Group Cermin Theater Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai masih sangat besar peranannya dalam penyebaran informasi publik maupun informasi pembangunan kepada masyarakat khususnya yang berdomisili di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan media tradisional sebagai sarana penyebaran informasi publik bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai bertujuan adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana atau sejauhmana pemanfaatan media tradisional sebagai sarana penyebaran informasi publik bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Dalam hal ini Jenis/bentuk kesenian tradisional apa saja yang di tampilkan, dan pesan-pesan apa saja yang di sampaikan dalam penyebaran informasi kepada masyarakat Serdang Bedagai (Sergai). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, Sedangkan metode penelitian menggunakan studi kasus. key informan berjumlah 6 orang yaitu masyarakat umum yang memanfaatkan media tradisional Group Cermin Theater Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, pengelola dan pelaku/pemain dari Group Cermin Theater, masyarakat serta Bagian Humas Sekretariat Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Group Cermin Theater Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai adalah Tim kesenian media tradisional pertunjukan rakyat binaan Pemkab. Serdang Bedagai. Pemanfaatan media tradisional pertunjukan rakyat Grup Cermin Theater kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, selain sebagai sarana hiburan yang lahir di tengah masyarakat, didukung, dan diapresiasi oleh Pemkab Sergai, juga sebagai sarana diseminasi informasi yang digunakan sebagai media pemerintah untuk menyampaikan program pembangunan, termasuk sosialisasi kepada masyarakat Serdang Bedagai.
Stress-Rupture Characterization in Nickel-Based Superalloy Gas Turbine Engine Components
Authors: Pridemore Wesley D.
Published: January 2020

This article describes the visual, fractographic, and metallographic evidence typically encountered when analyzing stress rupture of turbine airfoils. Stress-rupture fractures are generally heavily oxidized, tend to be rough in texture, and are primarily intergranular and/or interdendritic in appearance compared to smoother, transgranular fatigue type fractures. Often, gross plastic yielding is visible on a macroscopic scale. Commonly observed microstructural characteristics include creep voiding along grain boundaries and/or interdendritic regions. Internal voids can also nucleate at carbides and other microconstituents, especially in single crystal castings that do not possess grain boundaries.
Failure Analysis of Induction Hardened Automotive Axles
Authors: Kendall Clarke C. , Halimunanda Don
Published: January 2020

Rollover accidents in light trucks and cars involving an axle failure frequently raise the question of whether the axle broke causing the rollover or did the axle break as a result of the rollover. Axles in these vehicles are induction hardened medium carbon steel. Bearings ride directly on the axles. This article provides a fractography/fracture mechanic approach to making the determination of when the axle failed. Full scale tests on axle assemblies and suspensions provided data for fracture toughness in the induction hardened outer case on the axle. These tests also demonstrated that roller bearing indentions on the axle journal, cross pin indentation on the end of the axle, and axle bending can be accounted for by spring energy release following axle failure. Pre-existing cracks in the induction hardened axle are small and are often difficult to see without a microscope. The pre-existing crack morphology was intergranular fracture in the axles studied. An estimate of the force required to cause the axle fracture can be made using the measured crack size, fracture toughness determined from these tests, and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The axle can be reliably said to have failed prior to rollover if the estimated force for failure is equal to or less than forces imposed on the axle during events leading to the rollover.
Torsion Fatigue Failure of Bus Drive Shafts
Authors: Duffner D. H.
Published: January 2020

High failure rates in the drive shafts of 40 newly acquired articulated buses was investigated. The drive shafts were fabricated from a low-carbon (0.45%) steel similar to AISI 5046. Investigators examined all 40 buses, discovering six different drive shaft designs across the fleet. All of the failures, a total of 14, were of the same type of design, which according to finite-element analysis, produces a significantly higher level of stress. SEM examination of the fracture surface of one of the failed drive shafts revealed fatigue striations near the OD and ductile dimpling near the ID, evidence of high-cycle fatigue. Based on the failure rate and fatigue life predictions, it was recommended to discontinue the use of drive shafts with the inferior design.
Failure Analysis of Transformer Brackets
Authors: Kurtz Melissa
Published: January 2020

Six transformer brackets failed in service, sending a group of three pole-mounted transformers to the ground below. The brackets were made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin and had been in service for more than 30 years. Remnants of the fractured brackets were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The exterior surfaces of all six brackets were alike and shared similar features, including witness marks, discoloration, mechanical deformation, and secondary cracking, along with crack networks. Both FTIR and TGA analyses indicated that the surface material was in a highly degraded state, likely due to weathering and thermal and ultraviolet exposure. This, in turn, led to the formation of cracks that propagated under the cyclic forces of vibration and wind. As the cracks grew larger, the weight of the transformer eventually overloaded the brackets, resulting in failure.
A Study of Premature Failure of Crusher Jaws
Authors: Olawale J.O. , Ibitoye S.A. , Shittu M.D. , Popoola A.P.I.
Published: January 2020

In this article, we report the outcome of an investigation made to uncover the premature fracture of crusher jaws produced in a local foundry. A crusher jaw that had failed while in service was studied through metallographic techniques to determine the cause of the failure. Our investigation revealed that the reason for the fracture was the presence of large carbides at the grain boundaries and in the grain matrix. This led to the formation of microcracks that propagated along the grain boundaries under in-service working forces. It is also believed that the precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries may have occurred because of improper heat treatment, but not because of a deficiency in composition.
Failure of a Bucket-Wheel Stacker Reclaimer: Metallographic and Structural Analyses
Authors: Araujo L.S. , de Almeida L.H. , Batista E.M. , Landesmann A.
Published: January 2020

The structural collapse of an iron-ore bucket-wheel stacker reclaimer at the beginning of operation was investigated by means of mechanical tests, microstructural characterization, and computational structural analysis. The mechanical failure was a consequence of a brittle fracture by cleavage. The crack followed the heat-affected zone of a welded joint connecting a rectangular hollow section member and a plate flange. The main factors contributing to failure were related with a combination of design-in and manufacturing-in factors like high load-strength ratio at the point of failure, local stress concentration as a result of geometry restrictions, and weld defects. This particular section was responsible for the load transfer between the front tie member and the boom extremity, and its failure was the main cause of the catastrophic failure of the equipment.
The Effects of Sulfide Inclusions on Mechanical Properties and Failures of Steel Components
Authors: Maciejewski Joseph
Published: January 2020

A number of failures involving carbon and alloy steels were analyzed to assess the effects of inclusions and their influence on mechanical properties. Inclusions, including brittle oxides and more ductile manganese sulfides (MnS), affect fatigue endurance limit, fatigue crack propagation rates, fracture toughness, notch toughness, and transverse tensile properties, and do so in an anisotropic manner with respect to rolling direction. Significant property anisotropy has been documented in the failures investigated, providing evidence that designers failed to account for it. Typical fracture morphologies observed in such cases and metallographic appearances of MnS-containing materials are illustrated.
Failure Analysis of Open End Wrenches Containing Forging Defects
Authors: Iwand Hans C. , Wagner Jacob A.
Published: January 2020

A maintenance worker was injured when his 3/4 in. (19 mm) open-ended wrench failed, fracturing in overload fashion along the jaw. The failed wrench was unavailable for testing, but an identical one that failed in the same manner was acquired and subjected to hardness, chemistry, SEM, and metallurgical analyses. SEM imaging revealed microvoid coalescence within the fracture zone. The microvoids were flat and smooth edged indicating insufficient bonding. In addition, a cross sectional sample, mounted and etched using alkaline chromate, revealed an oxygen-rich zone in the jaw. It was concluded that the failures stemmed from forging laps in the jaw that broaching failed to remove.
Failure Analysis of Spline Shaft in Beco Lathe
Authors: Praveen Kumar V. , Kempulraj G. , Albert Shaju K.
Published: January 2020

A heavy duty facing lathe failed when the tool post caught one of the jaws on the rotating chuck, causing the spline shaft that drives the main spindle to fracture. A detailed analysis of the fracture surfaces (including fractography, metallography, and analytical stress calculations) revealed areas of damage due to rubbing with evidence of cleavage fracture on the unaffected surfaces. The results of stress analysis indicated that repeated reversals of the spindle produced stresses exceeding the fatigue limit of the shaft material. These stresses led to the formation of microcracks in a retaining ring groove that were accelerated to sudden failure when the tool post and chuck collided.
Failure Analysis of Gearbox and Clutch Shaft from a Marine Engine
Authors: Hassan S. F. , Alam M. R.
Published: January 2020

Two shafts that transmit power from the engine to the propeller of a container ship failed after a short time in service. The shafts usually have a 25 year lifetime, but the two in question failed after only a few years. One of the shafts, which carries power from a gearbox to the propeller, is made of low alloy steel. The other shaft, part of a clutch mechanism that regulates the transmission of power from the engine to the gears, is made of carbon steel. Fracture surface examination of the gear shaft revealed circumferential ratchet marks with the presence of inward progressive beach marks, suggesting rotary-bending fatigue. The fracture surfaces on the clutch shaft exhibited a star-shaped pattern, suggesting that the failure was due to torsional overload which may have initiated at corrosion pits discovered during the examination. Based on the observations, it was concluded that rotational bending stresses caused the gear shaft to fail due to insufficient fatigue strength. This led to the torsional failure of the corroded clutch shaft, which was subjected to a sudden, high level load when the shaft connecting the gearbox to the propeller failed.
Failure Analysis of a Cam–Follower System Affected by a Crack
Authors: Tounsi M. , Abbes M.S. , Fakhfakh T. , Haddar M.
Published: January 2020

Cam crack failures are a common occurrence in cam-follower systems often caused by excessive loading or inappropriate operating conditions. An investigation into such a failure was conducted to assess the effect of cam crack damage on the dynamic behavior of cam-follower systems. It was shown both theoretically and experimentally that a cracked cam causes an overall reduction in stiffness. To further probe the effect, investigators derived an analytical formula expressing the time varying stiffness of a cam-follower system. They also succeeded in quantifying the relationship between crack size and stiffness, showing that cracks have an amplitude modulating effect.
Cervical Stent Failure Analysis
Authors: Reitz Wayne
Published: January 2020

Both rods in a Harrington rod cervical stent failed after a short time in service. Metallurgical analysis revealed a significant number of notches as well as enlarged grain size in one of the two rods, rough shallow-cracked surfaces along the bend profiles, possible signs of corrosion, and fractures (on both rods) near indentations imparted by retaining clamps. The observations suggest that surface roughness and bending defects initiated cracking that led to the fatigue failure of the compromised rod, followed some time later by the overload fracture of the second rod.
Failure Analysis of a Drilling Wire Rope
Authors: Moradi S. , Ranjbar K. , Makvandi H.
Published: January 2020

A wire hoisting rope on a drilling rig failed during a lift, after a few cycles of operation, causing extensive damage to support structures. The failure investigation that followed included mechanical property testing and chemical, metallurgical, and finite element analysis. The rope was made from multiple strands of 1095 steel wire. Its chemical composition, ferrite-pearlite structure, and high hardness indicate that the wire is a type of extra improved plow steel (EEIPS grade). The morphologies of the fracture surfaces suggest that the wires were subjected to tensile overloading. This was confirmed by finite element analysis, which also revealed compressive contact stresses between the wires and between the rope and sheave surface. Based on the results, it was concluded that a tensile overload, due to the combined effect of a sudden load and undersized sheave, is what ultimately caused the rope to fail.
Failure Analysis of Two Stainless Steel Based Components Used in an Oil Refinery
Authors: Barbosa Cássio , do Nascimento Jôneo Lopes , Fernandes José Luiz , de Cerqueira Abud Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

The shafts on two centrifugal pumps failed during use in a petroleum refinery. Light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the damaged materials to determine the cause of failure. The results showed that one shaft, made of duplex stainless steel, failed by fatigue fracture, and the other, made of 316 austenitic stainless steel, experienced a similar fracture, which was promoted by the presence of nonmetallic inclusion particles.
Caustic Corrosion Failure of Back Wall Riser Tube in a High-Pressure Boiler
Authors: Mobin M. , Malik A. U.
Published: January 2020

A back wall riser tube in a high pressure boiler failed, interrupting operations in a cogeneration plant. The failure occurred in a tube facing the furnace, causing eight ruptured openings over a 1.8 m section. The investigation consisted of an on-site visual inspection, nondestructive testing, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The tube was made from SA 210A1 carbon steel that had been compromised by wall thinning and the accumulation of fire and water-side scale deposits. Investigators determined that the tube failed due to prolonged caustic attack that led to ruptures in areas of high stress. The escaping steam eroded the outer surface of the tube causing heavy loss of metal around the rupture points.
Hot Cracking in Inductively Bent Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
Authors: Neidel Andreas , Riesenbeck Susanne
Published: January 2020

Stainless steel pipe (273-mm OD x 8-mm wall thickness) used in the fabrication of large manifolds developed crack-like decohesions during a routine inductive bending procedure. The imperfections, which were found near the outside diameter, were around 3 mm in length oriented in the circumferential direction and penetrated nearly 2 mm into the pipe wall. The pipes were made of titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2. Six hypotheses were considered during the investigation, which ultimately concluded that the failure was caused by liquation cracking due to overheating.
Brittle Cracking of a Cylindrical Spiral Gear of Axle Gearbox
Authors: Gao Yu-zhou , Xu Xiao-lei , Yu Zhi-wei
Published: January 2020

A cylindrical spiral gear, part of a locomotive axle assembly, cracked ten days after it had been press-fit onto a shaft, after which it sat in place as other repairs were made. Workers at the locomotive shop reported hearing a sound, and upon inspecting the gear, found a crack extending radially from the bore to the surface of one of the tooth flanks. The crack runs the entire width of the bore, passing through an oil hole in the hub, across the spoke plate and out to the tip of one of the teeth. Design requirements call for the gear teeth to be carburized, while the remaining surfaces, protected by an anti-carburizing coating, stay unchanged. Based on extensive testing, including metallographic examination, microstructural analysis, microhardness testing, and spectroscopy, the oil hole was not protected as required, evidenced by the presence of a case layer. This oversight combined with the observation of intergranular fracture surfaces and the presence of secondary microcracks in the case layer point to hydrogen embrittlement as the primary cause of failure. It is likely that hydrogen absorption occurred during the gas carburizing process.
Failure Investigation of a Locomotive Turbocharger Main Shaft and Bearing Sleeve
Authors: Yu Zhiwei , Xu Xiaolei , Guo Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

The main shaft in a locomotive turbocharger fractured along with an associated bearing sleeve. Visual and fractographic examination revealed that the shaft fractured at a sharp-edged groove between two journals of different cross-sectional area. The dominant failure mechanism was low-cycle rotation-bending fatigue. The bearing sleeve failed as a result of abrasive and adhesive wear. Detailed metallurgical analysis indicated that the sleeve and its respective journal had been subjected to abnormally high temperatures, increasing the amount of friction between the sleeve, bearing bush, and journal surface. The excessive heat also softened the induction-hardened case on the journal surface, decreasing its fatigue strength. Fatigue crack initiation occurred at the root fillet of the groove because of stress concentration.
Investigation on Bulging of Blow Pipe in a Blast Furnace
Authors: Sinha Pankhuri , Mukhopadhyay Goutam , Bhattacharyya Sandip
Published: January 2020

After about a year of uninterrupted service, one of the blow pipes on a blast furnace developed a bulge measuring 300 x 150 x 12 mm. The conical shaped section was removed from the furnace and examined to determine why it failed. The investigation consisted of visual inspection, chemical analysis, microstructural characterization, and mechanical property testing. The pipe was made from nonresulfurized carbon steel as specified and was lined with an alumina refractory. Visual inspection revealed cracks in the refractory lining, which corresponded with the location of the bulge. Microstructural and EDS analysis yielded evidence of overheating, revealing voids, scale, grain boundary oxidation, decarburization, and grain coarsening on the inner surface of the pipe, which also suggest the initiation of creep. Based on the information gathered during the investigation, the blow pipe was exposed to high temperatures when the liner cracked and subsequently bulged out due to creep.
PEDAGOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF USING THE METHOD OF PHYSICAL MODELING
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, ZYKOVA K.
Published: January 2020

The physical models of the processes which are studied, play a special role in forming at students the fundamental basis knowledge. Simulation of physical phenomena and processes greatly facilitates mastering of educational material, conducting of experimental researches. However, the analysis of the educational process gives grounds to assert that the level of formation of basic knowledge and their strength in the high school do not meet the declared. Our studies have shown that in recent years there has been a significant decrease in the quality of teaching physics in institutions of general secondary education. Strength and quality of knowledge essentially depends on the level of formation of the physical model of the studied phenomenon. In connection with this, there is a need to develop a methodology for the formation of a qualitative model of the basic physical theories that are studied in the course of physics. In our study, conducted during the 2017-2019 academic years, we tested the pedagogical effectiveness of the proposed method for building strong basic knowledge based on the construction of imaginary physical models of processes and phenomena in high school students. Experimental training was conducted in general education institutions of the city of Berdiansk and Berdyansk region. In the experiment, at this stage, 86 students were enrolled. Students of the X-XI grades took part in the testing. Experimental and control groups were identified. By random sampling, a sample of 44 experimental students and 42 pupils of the control group was compiled from the students who participated in the experimental training. On the basis of the pedagogical experiment conducted by us, testing of the effectiveness of the proposed method for the formation of solid basic knowledge based on the construction of physical models of processes and phenomena in high school students leads to the conclusion that it is expedient. After all, there is a decrease of primary and secondary educational achievements of pupils by 39.5% and an increase of sufficient and high levels by 38.4%. Key words: theory and methods of teaching physics, pedagogical experiment, senior school, physical models, basic knowledge.
TECHNOLOGIES OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR FUTURE TEACHERS TO PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Черкаський національний університет імені Богдана Хмельницького, KONDRASHOV M.
Published: January 2020

The article reveals the essence of technological process of teaching process and technology of quality management of the training of future teachers for professional activity in the conditions of university education. In this context, the definition of technology of quality management of students' training is described, the types of technologies characterized, their structure and content, the mechanism of their use in the management of the educational process, achievement of the predicted results as indicators of the quality of professional activity. The analysis of scientific literature confirms the need for a new quality management system for the training of future teachers for professional activity, which ensures the use of various technologies for managing the teaching process in the context of university education. Purpose disclosure of the essence and components of quality management technology for the training of future teachers for professional activities in the context of university education is considered in the article.The technology of quality management of the training of future teachers for professional activity is considered as a system of theoretical positions and recommendations that make it possible to effectively organize the managerial actions of the teacher in planning, designing, implementing and analyzing objectively necessary steps of cognitive activity of students, guaranteeing the successful achievement of projected results in the form of experience creative pedagogical activity. In the quality management system, the training of future teachers for professional work is important for their mastery of management technology, its components (the process of teaching activity, the sequence of actions, methods, operations, procedures, tools). Quality management technology for the training of future teachers for successful professional activities is a system of interaction between the teacher and students in planning, organizing and implementing educational and self-education processes aimed at mastering the chosen profession, forming readiness for successful activity and improving the quality of university education. In practice, the training of future teachers for professional use uses a variety of technologies for managing the learning process, including: documentation-integrative, integral, cognitive, management decision-making, prognostic-monitoring technology management, etc. Learning management technologies provide the conditions for future teachers to acquire the ability to use theoretical knowledge as an instrument of practical actions and management experience, which positively influences the quality of their preparation for independent professional work. Key words: management, technology teaching process, management technology, quality of professional activity.
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CLOUD ORIENTED SYSTEM FOR DISTANCE LEARNING IN TRAINING DATABASE OF FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS
Authors:   Державний університет “Житомирська політехніка”, KOROTUN O.
Published: January 2020

The article highlights the criteria and indicators for the selection of cloud-based distance learning systems in training databases of future IT professionals, namely: organizational-didactic (course program, modularity of electronic training course, presentation of educational material in different formats, testing, journal, calendar); communication (chat, forum, alerts, email, video conference); functional (integration with other cloud services, multilingualism, number of users, user roles, data warehouse). The procedure of applying the method of expert evaluation of cloud oriented system for distance learning was presented, which consisted of two stages of the questioning of experts: in the first, out of ten proposed such systems, five were selected; on the second, one out of five systems (MoodleCloud, iSpring Online, Geenio, Google Classroom, Canvas) is identified for use in the training of databases of future IT professionals. As a result, the Canvas system is found to be the most convenient. Other Instructure software products for higher education have been covered, including: Canvas Network MOOC Platform – a platform for mass open online courses; Canvas Catalog is a cloud service that allows educational institutions or individual teachers to host their e-courses; Bridge is a cloud-based, corporate-based distance learning system; Canvas Commons (integrated with Canvas) – a repository for storing educational resources, contains lesson plans, quizzes and surveys, e-courses and training programs developed by teachers of schools and higher education institutions. The study of such cloud oriented system for distance learning allowed to distinguish their characteristics for use in higher education institutions: functionality, reliability, cost of the system, modularity, perspective of system development, availability, high-quality technical support. Keywords: cloud services, distance learning system, cloud oriented system for distance learning, training of future IT specialists, selection criteria.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE FOOD INDUSTRY ENGINEERS-TEACHERS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, KURILO O.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to theoretical substantiation of creative component of professional development of food industry engineers-teachers. Modern socio-economic conditions open up new directions for the development, creation and implementation of promising models for the training of competent specialists, namely engineers-teachers. Future engineers-teachers should combine professional knowledge and skills, with the skill to carry out training of specialists capable of creative work, professional self-development, improvement, which can adapt in time to changing market conditions. Among these, it is worth noting the engineers-teachers of the food industry, the training of which focuses on mastering a holistic system of professional knowledge, skills, experience in creative professional activities, building willingness to solve creative production problems, manifesting creativity, intellectual, spiritual and moral abilities. By its nature, creativity requires originality, the ability to abandon stereotypes of activity, knowledge, although without such stereotypes as the base, it is impossible. Therefore, a professional person should, on the one hand, have a set of standardized knowledge, skills, and on the other – the ability to abandon them in search of other knowledge and activities that are more appropriate for the situation. At this moment, a creative transformation by a person of reality takes place, its further development. Future food industry engineers-teachers need motivation for productive, creative professional activity. Creativity becomes a significant tool for students' educational, cognitive and research activities. Key words: creativity, creative activity, engineer-teacher, engineer-teacher of food industry, professional competence.
PEDAGOGICAL COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MATHEMATICS TEACHER IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPETENCY APPROACH
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SHERSTNOVA I.
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the essence of the competence approach. The specificity of the competence approach in the professional training of the future mathematics teacher is characterized. The emphasis is placed on the importance of implementing a competence approach within the vital competence of a person projected on the development of an outlook, the ability to make individual creative decisions, to self-education, the formation of humanistic values. It is noted that “competence” and “competency” are widely used to describe a person's life and mean high quality of his professional activity and ability to it. The pedagogical analysis of the “professional competence of the future mathematics teacher” is presented, the content of this concept and its components are revealed that are based on own experience of teaching activity in a higher pedagogical institution. The essential features of the terms “competence” and “competency” are analyzed and determined on the basis of logical-analytical analysis and content analysis. Competence defines and characterizes the level of professionalism of the individual, in our study it is the level of professionalism of the future mathematics teacher. Achievements of competence are formed through the acquisition of professional competence of a future teacher that is the purpose of his pedagogical training. Pedagogical component of professional competence of future mathematics teachers generalizes students' value orientations for the formation of the moral and ethical qualities of the teacher's personality, awareness of the importance of the authority and reputation of the teacher, pedagogical skill, pedagogical tact, humanization of the process of education and upbringing, choice of independent ways of self-improvement, self-education, ability to manage one's emotional state, consistency of methods and techniques of mathematical competencies, forms its formation, the originality of methods of formation of professional competence and their optimization methods and techniques of cognitive activity in the educational process. Keywords: competence approach, competence, competency, professional competence of the future mathematics teacher.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTORESISTS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SHYSHKIN G. , BANDUROV S. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, BLYZNYUK D. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: January 2020

The article describes the experimental study of the basic characteristics and parameters of semiconductor photo resistances by students of physics at the Pedagogical University. The study was conducted at a laboratory stand developed, patented and manufactured by us. One of the main components of the professional training of future physics teachers is the formation of skills for organizing and conducting a physical experiment, among them acquiring new knowledge; forming the primary skills of using physical equipment and devices; acquiring the ability to plan the experiment and analyze the results. Our studies have shown that performing only laboratory work according to the prepared instructions, do not yet provide adequate preparation for independent planning and conducting experimental research by students. In order to partially solve the problem of improvement the forms and methods of organizing the initial experiment, we have proposed a pilot work that can be done in the final stage of specialist training. The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of the study of the photographic resistance characteristics that was offered to students. Studies in which was used photoresist, based on sulfur cadmium included: taking of current voltage, light, spectral and frequency characteristics of photo-resists; determination of integral sensitivity of photo-resistance; determining the influence of external factors on the characteristics of semiconductors. Students studied photographic resistance before and after treatment of its working surface with high-energy electron fluxes with a maximum energy of up to 1.15 MeV to identify the influence of external factors on the characteristics and parameters of semiconductors. The semiconductor was irradiated with electrons on an industrial electron accelerator. Involvement of students in experimental work conducted during extracurricular time and under the guidance of the teacher is essential in generalizing generic experimental research skills of future specialists. Key words: physical experiment, semiconductor, photo-resistance, properties.
Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infections of High-Risk People: Pharmacoeconomic Aspects
Authors: Rudakova A. V. , Kharit S. M. , Lobzin Yu. V.
Published: January 2020

Relevance. Vaccination of people at high risk against pneumococcal infection with a 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can significantly reduce the corresponding incidence and mortality.

The aim of the work was to assess the pharmacoeconomic aspects of vaccination of 65 year olds with a high risk of pneumococcal infection.

Material and methods. The analysis was carried out by the method of Markov modeling from the position of the health care system. The time horizon is 5 and 15 years. It was assumed that vaccination is carried out with 1 dose of PCV13 and 1 dose of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) after 8 weeks with revaccination with 1 dose of PPV23 after 5 years. The costs of treatment of pneumococcal infections were calculated on the basis of the Compulsory medical insurance rates for St. Petersburg in 2019. The costs of vaccination were calculated on the basis of the price of auctions for the purchase of PCV13 and PPV23 for 2019.

Results. For 15 years, vaccination of 100 ths people from the high risk group will prevent 1.7 ths cases of community-acquired pneumonia, 1.4 ths cases of invasive pneumococcal infections, and 397 cases of pneumococcal infections deaths. The cost-effectiveness ratio with a 15-year horizon is 161.4 ths rubles/quality-adjusted life year gained (QALY). Even if the time horizon is reduced to 5 years, vaccination can be considered as an economically highly effective intervention (cost-effectiveness ratio –571.9 ths rubles/QALY). At the same time, in 5 years, 37.6% of the money spent on vaccination will be returned to the budget of the health care system, and in 15 years – 49.3%.

Conclusion. Vaccination of citizens of the Russian Federation from a high-risk group against pneumococcal infection can be considered as a socially and economically highly effective intervention that provides a significant reduction in the incidence and mortality caused by it.
Epidemiological Characteristics of perinatal, early neonatal Mortality and Stillbirth in the Territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Sergeeva A. V. , Kovalishena O. V. , Katkova N. Yu. , Polyakova A. A.
Published: January 2020

Background.The study of regional characteristics of the incidence rates of perinatal mortality, early neonatal mortality, and stillbirths is of undoubted importance, which will allow to substantiate the main directions of improving care for newborns, both at the federal and regional levels.

Aims.To study the indicators of perinatal mortality, early neonatal mortality and stillbirths in the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the period from 2012–2016.

Materials and methods.Statistical reporting forms of the Ministry of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Basic indicators of public health and the activities of state medical organizations of the Nizhny Novgorod region» for the period from 2012 to 2016. A retrospective descriptive-estimated epidemiological study of perinatal and early neonatal mortality rates and stillbirth rates was conducted. The processing of statistical indicators was carried out by generally accepted methods of variation statistics. The reliability of the indicators was estimated taking into account the confidence interval (2 errors with 95% CI).

Results and conclusions.On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the period from 2012 to 2016. A high level of perinatal mortality and stillbirths was observed compared to the national indicators. The average annual rates of perinatal mortality and stillbirth were significantly higher in Diveevsky and Sokolsky districts compared with the rest of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The risk areas for neonatal mortality include Lukoyanovsky and Tonkin. It is necessary to improve the quality of medical care for pregnant women at all stages, including prenatal and, of course, obstetric care. An important role here is played by the improvement of the epidemiological surveillance system, which allows an objective analysis of the current situation and an assessment of the quality of medical care.
Les modèles de livraison lors d’un achat en ligne dans le luxe
Authors: Veg-Sala Nathalie
Published: January 2020

La livraison constituant l’un des freins majeurs pour les consommateurs de produits de luxe lors d’un achat en ligne, l’objectif de cet article est d’étudier comment celle-ci pourrait être définie et mise en œuvre afin de correspondre aux valeurs de ce secteur et de satisfaire ses consommateurs. En s’appuyant sur les logiques de consommation du luxe et les composantes fonctionnelle et expérientielle de la logistique, mais aussi sur une double méthodologie socio-sémiotique, cette recherche met en évidence quatre modèles de livraison souhaités par les consommateurs (discrète, théâtralisée, secrète et normée). Des contributions théoriques et managériales en sont déduites.
Extension du domaine de l’entrepreneurialité dans la pratique du vide-dressing
Authors: Juge Élodie , Collin-Lachaud Isabelle , Roux Dominique
Published: January 2020

Cette recherche éclaire la manière dont les nouveaux dispositifs sociotechniques (plateformes, applications mobiles, etc.) remodèlent les échanges, tissent de nouvelles relations avec leurs usagers, transforment les rapports humains et modifient le rôle du consommateur dans la pratique du vide-dressing. Mobilisant une approche qualitative multi-méthode sur une période de six années, cette recherche révèle à la fois les dimensions entrepreneuriales de la pratique et la « post-socialité » qu’elle participe à construire.
Valoriser la recherche par l’expérimentation en entreprise
Authors: Savall Henri , Zardet Véronique , Bonnet Marc , Cappelletti Laurent
Published: January 2020

Pour apporter des réponses à la question de la valorisation managériale des recherches en gestion, l’article explore l’exemple du modèle de management socio-économique. En effet, ce modèle expérimenté dans 2 000 organisations depuis 1974 a précisément pour objet, au moyen de la méthode scientifique dénommée recherche-intervention qualimétrique, de fabriquer des produits d’intention scientifique socialement utiles aux entreprises et aux organisations. L’article décrypte les principes théoriques et épistémologiques de ce modèle, son processus, la méthode de recherche-intervention employée et des résultats significatifs de valorisation de la recherche.
Cost-effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation after surgery for lumbar disc herniation: an analysis based on a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paulsen Rune T. , Sørensen Jan , Carreon Leah Y. , Andersen Mikkel Ø.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine whether routine referral to municipal postoperative rehabilitation is cost-effective in comparison to no referral after surgery for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

METHODS

One hundred forty-six patients scheduled for primary discectomy due to LDH were included. This secondary analysis, based on data from a previous randomized controlled trial, compared costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between two groups of patients recovering from LDH surgery: one group of patients received a referral for municipal physical rehabilitation (REHAB) and the other group was sent home without a referral to any postoperative rehabilitation (HOME). Primary outcomes were QALYs calculated from the EQ-5D utility score, societal costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). The main cost-effectiveness analysis used intention-to-treat data, whereas sensitivity analyses included as-treated data. Questionnaires were collected after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTS

The main cost-effectiveness analysis showed a small, insignificant incremental QALY of 0.021 and an incremental cost of €211.8 for the REHAB group compared to the HOME group, resulting in an ICER of €10,085. In the as-treated sensitivity analysis, the REHAB group had poorer outcomes and higher costs compared to the HOME group.

CONCLUSIONS

Routine referral to municipal physical rehabilitation in patients recovering from LDH surgery was not cost-effective compared to no referral.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03505918 (clinicaltrials.gov)